Patent Publication Number: US-2022217655-A1

Title: Transmission of pscch and pssch in sidelink communication

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     Field of the Disclosure 
     This disclosure relates to a wireless communication system. 
     Related Art 
     Sidelink (SL) communication is a communication scheme in which a direct link is established between User Equipments (UEs) and the UEs exchange voice and data directly with each other without intervention of an evolved Node B (eNB). SL communication is under consideration as a solution to the overhead of an eNB caused by rapidly increasing data traffic. 
     Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) refers to a communication technology through which a vehicle exchanges information with another vehicle, a pedestrian, an object having an infrastructure (or infra) established therein, and so on. The V2X may be divided into 4 types, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N), and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P). The V2X communication may be provided via a PC5 interface and/or Uu interface. 
     Meanwhile, as a wider range of communication devices require larger communication capacities, the need for mobile broadband communication that is more enhanced than the existing Radio Access Technology (RAT) is rising. Accordingly, discussions are made on services and user equipment (UE) that are sensitive to reliability and latency. And, a next generation radio access technology that is based on the enhanced mobile broadband communication, massive Machine Type Communication (MTC), Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLLC), and so on, may be referred to as a new radio access technology (RAT) or new radio (NR). Herein, the NR may also support vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. 
       FIG. 1  is a drawing for describing V2X communication based on NR, compared to V2X communication based on RAT used before NR. The embodiment of  FIG. 1  may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     Regarding V2X communication, a scheme of providing a safety service, based on a V2X message such as Basic Safety Message (BSM), Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM), and Decentralized Environmental Notification Message (DENM) is focused in the discussion on the RAT used before the NR. The V2X message may include position information, dynamic information, attribute information, or the like. For example, a UE may transmit a periodic message type CAM and/or an event triggered message type DENM to another UE. 
     For example, the CAM may include dynamic state information of the vehicle such as direction and speed, static data of the vehicle such as a size, and basic vehicle information such as an exterior illumination state, route details, or the like. For example, the UE may broadcast the CAM, and latency of the CAM may be less than 100 ms. For example, the UE may generate the DENM and transmit it to another UE in an unexpected situation such as a vehicle breakdown, accident, or the like. For example, all vehicles within a transmission range of the UE may receive the CAM and/or the DENM. In this case, the DENM may have a higher priority than the CAM. 
     Thereafter, regarding V2X communication, various V2X scenarios are proposed in NR. For example, the various V2X scenarios may include vehicle platooning, advanced driving, extended sensors, remote driving, or the like. 
     For example, based on the vehicle platooning, vehicles may move together by dynamically forming a group. For example, in order to perform platoon operations based on the vehicle platooning, the vehicles belonging to the group may receive periodic data from a leading vehicle. For example, the vehicles belonging to the group may decrease or increase an interval between the vehicles by using the periodic data. 
     For example, based on the advanced driving, the vehicle may be semi-automated or fully automated. For example, each vehicle may adjust trajectories or maneuvers, based on data obtained from a local sensor of a proximity vehicle and/or a proximity logical entity. In addition, for example, each vehicle may share driving intention with proximity vehicles. 
     For example, based on the extended sensors, raw data, processed data, or live video data obtained through the local sensors may be exchanged between a vehicle, a logical entity, a UE of pedestrians, and/or a V2X application server. Therefore, for example, the vehicle may recognize a more improved environment than an environment in which a self-sensor is used for detection. 
     For example, based on the remote driving, for a person who cannot drive or a remote vehicle in a dangerous environment, a remote driver or a V2X application may operate or control the remote vehicle. For example, if a route is predictable such as public transportation, cloud computing based driving may be used for the operation or control of the remote vehicle. In addition, for example, an access for a cloud-based back-end service platform may be considered for the remote driving. 
     Meanwhile, a scheme of specifying service requirements for various V2X scenarios such as vehicle platooning, advanced driving, extended sensors, remote driving, or the like is discussed in NR-based V2X communication. 
     SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     Technical Objects 
     A technical object of the present disclosure is to provide a sidelink (SL) communication method between devices (or terminals) and an apparatus (or terminal) for performing the same. 
     Another technical object of the present disclosure is a method for a receiving device (or terminal) to receive a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) and a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) from a transmission device (or terminal) and an apparatus (or terminal) for performing the same is to provide. 
     Another technical object of the present disclosure is a method for a receiving device (or terminal) to determine RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power) of a DM-RS (Demodulation-Reference Signal) received on a PSSCH, and an apparatus (or terminal) for performing the same is in providing. 
     Technical Solutions 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of performing wireless communication by a first device. The method may include receiving, from a second device, a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) and a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), based on information on a first transmission power for the PSCCH and the PSSCH, included in the PSCCH or the PSSCH, determining a first Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) of a DM-RS (Demodulation-Reference Signal) received through the PSSCH, and performing sidelink communication based on the determined first RSRP. For example, the information on the first transmission power is based on a maximum transmission power and an allowable threshold. 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the first device may comprise: one or more memories storing instructions; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors connected to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers. For example, the one or more processors may execute the instructions to: receive, from a second device, a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) and a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), and based on information on a first transmission power for the PSCCH and the PSSCH, included in the PSCCH or the PSSCH, determine a first Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) of a DM-RS (Demodulation-Reference Signal) received through the PSSCH, and perform sidelink communication based on the determined first RSRP. For example, the information on the first transmission power is based on a maximum transmission power and an allowable threshold. 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an apparatus configured to control a first user equipment (UE) may be provided. For example, the apparatus may comprise: one or more processors; and one or more memories operably connected to the one or more processors and storing instructions. For example, the one or more processors may execute the instructions to: receive, from a second UE, a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) and a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), and based on information on a first transmission power for the PSCCH and the PSSCH, included in the PSCCH or the PSSCH, determine a first Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) of a DM-RS (Demodulation-Reference Signal) received through the PSSCH, and perform sidelink communication based on the determined first RSRP. For example, the information on the first transmission power is based on a maximum transmission power and an allowable threshold. 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, cause a first device to: receive, from a second device, a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) and a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), and based on information on a first transmission power for the PSCCH and the PSSCH, included in the PSCCH or the PSSCH, determine a first Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) of a DM-RS (Demodulation-Reference Signal) received through the PSSCH, and perform sidelink communication based on the determined first RSRP. For example, the information on the first transmission power is based on a maximum transmission power and an allowable threshold. 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of performing wireless communication by a second device. The method may include transmitting, to a first device, a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) and a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH). For example, the PSCCH or the PSSCH include information on a first transmission power for the PSCCH and the PSSCH. For example, the information on the first transmission power is based on a maximum transmission power and an allowable threshold. For example, a first Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) of a DM-RS (Demodulation-Reference Signal) transmitted through the PSSCH is determined by the first device. 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the second device may comprise: one or more memories storing instructions; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors connected to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers. For example, the one or more processors may execute the instructions to: transmit, to a first device, a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) and a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH). For example, the PSCCH or the PSSCH include information on a first transmission power for the PSCCH and the PSSCH. For example, the information on the first transmission power is based on a maximum transmission power and an allowable threshold. For example, a first Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) of a DM-RS (Demodulation-Reference Signal) transmitted through the PSSCH is determined by the first device. 
     Effects of the Disclosure 
     According to the present disclosure, sidelink communication between devices (or terminals) can be efficiently performed. 
     According to the present disclosure, a RSRP of a DM-RS that the receiving apparatus (or terminal) receives on a PSSCH can be efficiently determined. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a drawing for describing V2X communication based on NR, compared to V2X communication based on RAT used before NR. 
         FIG. 2  shows a structure of an NR system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  shows a functional division between an NG-RAN and a 5GC, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 4 a    and  FIG. 4 b    show a radio protocol architecture, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 5  shows a structure of an NR system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 6  shows a structure of a slot of an NR frame, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 7  shows an example of a BWP, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 8 a    and  FIG. 8 b    show a radio protocol architecture for a SL communication, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 9  shows a UE performing V2X or SL communication, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 10 a    and  FIG. 10 b    show a procedure of performing V2X or SL communication by a UE based on a transmission mode, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 11 a   ,  FIG. 11 b    and  FIG. 11 c    show three cast types, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 12  shows an example in which a first device and a second device perform sidelink communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 13  shows an example in which a first device and a second device perform sidelink communication according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 14  shows an example in which a first device, a second device, and a third device perform sidelink communication according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 15  is a flowchart illustrating an operation of a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 16  is a flowchart illustrating an operation of a second device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 17  shows a communication system  1 , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 18  shows wireless devices, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 19  shows a signal process circuit for a transmission signal, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 20  shows a wireless device, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 21  shows a hand-held device, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 22  shows a car or an autonomous vehicle, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
     In the present specification, “A or B” may mean “only A”, “only B” or “both A and B.” In other words, in the present specification, “A or B” may be interpreted as “A and/or B”. For example, in the present specification, “A, B, or C” may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B, C”. 
     A slash (/) or comma used in the present specification may mean “and/or”. For example, “A/B” may mean “A and/or B”. Accordingly, “A/B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. For example, “A, B, C” may mean “A, B, or C”. 
     In the present specification, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. In addition, in the present specification, the expression “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” may be interpreted as “at least one of A and B”. 
     In addition, in the present specification, “at least one of A, B, and C” may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B, and C”. In addition, “at least one of A, B, or C” or “at least one of A, B, and/or C” may mean “at least one of A, B, and C”. 
     In addition, a parenthesis used in the present specification may mean “for example”. Specifically, when indicated as “control information (PDCCH)”, it may mean that “PDCCH” is proposed as an example of the “control information”. In other words, the “control information” of the present specification is not limited to “PDCCH”, and “PDDCH” may be proposed as an example of the “control information”. In addition, when indicated as “control information (i.e., PDCCH)”, it may also mean that “PDCCH” is proposed as an example of the “control information”. 
     A technical feature described individually in one figure in the present specification may be individually implemented, or may be simultaneously implemented. 
     The technology described below may be used in various wireless communication systems such as code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and so on. The CDMA may be implemented with a radio technology, such as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA-2000. The TDMA may be implemented with a radio technology, such as global system for mobile communications (GSM)/general packet ratio service (GPRS)/enhanced data rate for GSM evolution (EDGE). The OFDMA may be implemented with a radio technology, such as institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), and so on. IEEE 802.16m is an evolved version of IEEE 802.16e and provides backward compatibility with a system based on the IEEE 802.16e. The UTRA is part of a universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS). 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) is part of an evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using the E-UTRA. The 3GPP LTE uses the OFDMA in a downlink and uses the SC-FDMA in an uplink. LTE-advanced (LTE-A) is an evolution of the LTE. 
     5G NR is a successive technology of LTE-A corresponding to a new Clean-slate type mobile communication system having the characteristics of high performance, low latency, high availability, and so on. 5G NR may use resources of all spectrum available for usage including low frequency bands of less than 1 GHz, middle frequency bands ranging from 1 GHz to 10 GHz, high frequency (millimeter waves) of 24 GHz or more, and so on. 
     For clarity in the description, the following description will mostly focus on LTE-A or 5G NR. However, technical features according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will not be limited only to this. 
       FIG. 2  shows a structure of an NR system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of  FIG. 2  may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , a next generation—radio access network (NG-RAN) may include a BS  20  providing a UE  10  with a user plane and control plane protocol termination. For example, the BS  20  may include a next generation-Node B (gNB) and/or an evolved-NodeB (eNB). For example, the UE  10  may be fixed or mobile and may be referred to as other terms, such as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile terminal (MT), wireless device, and so on. For example, the BS may be referred to as a fixed station which communicates with the UE  10  and may be referred to as other terms, such as a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point (AP), and so on. 
     The embodiment of  FIG. 2  exemplifies a case where only the gNB is included. The BSs  20  may be connected to one another via Xn interface. The BS  20  may be connected to one another via 5th generation (5G) core network (5GC) and NG interface. More specifically, the BSs  20  may be connected to an access and mobility management function (AMF)  30  via NG-C interface, and may be connected to a user plane function (UPF)  30  via NG-U interface. 
       FIG. 3  shows a functional division between an NG-RAN and a 5GC, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , the gNB may provide functions, such as Inter Cell Radio Resource Management (RRM), Radio Bearer (RB) control, Connection Mobility Control, Radio Admission Control, Measurement Configuration &amp; Provision, Dynamic Resource Allocation, and so on. An AMF may provide functions, such as Non Access Stratum (NAS) security, idle state mobility processing, and so on. A UPF may provide functions, such as Mobility Anchoring, Protocol Data Unit (PDU) processing, and so on. A Session Management Function (SMF) may provide functions, such as user equipment (UE) Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation, PDU session control, and so on. 
     Layers of a radio interface protocol between the UE and the network can be classified into a first layer (L1), a second layer (L2), and a third layer (L3) based on the lower three layers of the open system interconnection (OSI) model that is well-known in the communication system. Among them, a physical (PHY) layer belonging to the first layer provides an information transfer service by using a physical channel, and a radio resource control (RRC) layer belonging to the third layer serves to control a radio resource between the UE and the network. For this, the RRC layer exchanges an RRC message between the UE and the BS. 
       FIG. 4 a    and  FIG. 4 b    show a radio protocol architecture, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of  FIG. 4 a    and  FIG. 4 b    may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically,  FIG. 4 a    shows a radio protocol architecture for a user plane, and  FIG. 4 b    shows a radio protocol architecture for a control plane. The user plane corresponds to a protocol stack for user data transmission, and the control plane corresponds to a protocol stack for control signal transmission. 
     Referring to  FIG. 4 a    and  FIG. 4 b   , a physical layer provides an upper layer with an information transfer service through a physical channel. The physical layer is connected to a medium access control (MAC) layer which is an upper layer of the physical layer through a transport channel. Data is transferred between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. The transport channel is classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted through a radio interface. 
     Between different physical layers, i.e., a physical layer of a transmitter and a physical layer of a receiver, data are transferred through the physical channel. The physical channel is modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and utilizes time and frequency as a radio resource. 
     The MAC layer provides services to a radio link control (RLC) layer, which is a higher layer of the MAC layer, via a logical channel. The MAC layer provides a function of mapping multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. The MAC layer also provides a function of logical channel multiplexing by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC layer provides data transfer services over logical channels. 
     The RLC layer performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of Radio Link Control Service Data Unit (RLC SDU). In order to ensure diverse quality of service (QoS) required by a radio bearer (RB), the RLC layer provides three types of operation modes, i.e., a transparent mode (TM), an unacknowledged mode (UM), and an acknowledged mode (AM). An AM RLC provides error correction through an automatic repeat request (ARQ). 
     A radio resource control (RRC) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer serves to control the logical channel, the transport channel, and the physical channel in association with configuration, reconfiguration and release of RBs. The RB is a logical path provided by the first layer (i.e., the physical layer or the PHY layer) and the second layer (i.e., the MAC layer, the RLC layer, and the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer) for data delivery between the UE and the network. 
     Functions of a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer in the user plane include user data delivery, header compression, and ciphering. Functions of a PDCP layer in the control plane include control-plane data delivery and ciphering/integrity protection. 
     A service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer is defined only in a user plane. The SDAP layer performs mapping between a Quality of Service (QoS) flow and a data radio bearer (DRB) and QoS flow ID (QFI) marking in both DL and UL packets. 
     The configuration of the RB implies a process for specifying a radio protocol layer and channel properties to provide a particular service and for determining respective detailed parameters and operations. The RB can be classified into two types, i.e., a signaling RB (SRB) and a data RB (DRB). The SRB is used as a path for transmitting an RRC message in the control plane. The DRB is used as a path for transmitting user data in the user plane. 
     When an RRC connection is established between an RRC layer of the UE and an RRC layer of the E-UTRAN, the UE is in an RRC_CONNECTED state, and, otherwise, the UE may be in an RRC_IDLE state. In case of the NR, an RRC_INACTIVE state is additionally defined, and a UE being in the RRC_INACTIVE state may maintain its connection with a core network whereas its connection with the BS is released. 
     Data is transmitted from the network to the UE through a downlink transport channel. Examples of the downlink transport channel include a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information and a downlink-shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. Traffic of downlink multicast or broadcast services or the control messages can be transmitted on the downlink-SCH or an additional downlink multicast channel (MCH). Data is transmitted from the UE to the network through an uplink transport channel. Examples of the uplink transport channel include a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting an initial control message and an uplink SCH for transmitting user traffic or control messages. 
     Examples of logical channels belonging to a higher channel of the transport channel and mapped onto the transport channels include a broadcast channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), a multicast traffic channel (MTCH), etc. 
     The physical channel includes several OFDM symbols in a time domain and several sub-carriers in a frequency domain. One sub-frame includes a plurality of OFDM symbols in the time domain. A resource block is a unit of resource allocation, and consists of a plurality of OFDM symbols and a plurality of sub-carriers. Further, each subframe may use specific sub-carriers of specific OFDM symbols (e.g., a first OFDM symbol) of a corresponding subframe for a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), i.e., an L1/L2 control channel. A transmission time interval (TTI) is a unit time of subframe transmission. 
       FIG. 5  shows a structure of an NR system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of  FIG. 5  may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , in the NR, a radio frame may be used for performing uplink and downlink transmission. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms and may be defined to be configured of two half-frames (HFs). A half-frame may include five 1 ms subframes (SFs). A subframe (SF) may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined in accordance with subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP). 
     In case of using a normal CP, each slot may include 14 symbols. In case of using an extended CP, each slot may include 12 symbols. Herein, a symbol may include an OFDM symbol (or CP-OFDM symbol) and a Single Carrier-FDMA (SC-FDMA) symbol (or Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol). 
     Table 1 shown below represents an example of a number of symbols per slot (N slot   symb ) a number slots per frame (N frame,u   slot ), and a number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u   slot ) based on an SCS configuration (u), in a case where a normal CP is used. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 SCS (15*2 u ) 
                 N slot   symb   
                 N frame, u   slot   
                 N subframe, u   slot   
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 15 KHz (u = 0) 
                 14 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 30 KHz (u = 1) 
                 14 
                 20 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                 60 KHz (u = 2) 
                 14 
                 40 
                 4 
               
               
                   
                 120 KHz (u = 3)  
                 14 
                 80 
                 8 
               
               
                   
                 240 KHz (u = 4)  
                 14 
                 160 
                 16 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table 2 shows an example of a number of symbols per slot, a number of slots per frame, and a number of slots per subframe in accordance with the SCS, in a case where an extended CP is used. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 SCS (15*2 u ) 
                 N slot   symb   
                 N frame, u   slot   
                 N subframe, u   slot   
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 60 KHz (u = 2) 
                 12 
                 40 
                 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In an NR system, OFDM(A) numerologies (e.g., SCS, CP length, and so on) between multiple cells being integrate to one UE may be differently configured. Accordingly, a (absolute time) duration (or section) of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot or TTI) (collectively referred to as a time unit (TU) for simplicity) being configured of the same number of symbols may be differently configured in the integrated cells. 
     In the NR, multiple numerologies or SCSs for supporting diverse 5G services may be supported. For example, in case an SCS is 15 kHz, a wide area of the conventional cellular bands may be supported, and, in case an SCS is 30 kHz/60 kHz a dense-urban, lower latency, wider carrier bandwidth may be supported. In case the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth that is greater than 24.25 GHz may be used in order to overcome phase noise. 
     An NR frequency band may be defined as two different types of frequency ranges. The two different types of frequency ranges may be FR1 and FR2. The values of the frequency ranges may be changed (or varied), and, for example, the two different types of frequency ranges may be as shown below in Table 3. Among the frequency ranges that are used in an NR system, FR1 may mean a “sub 6 GHz range”, and FR2 may mean an “above 6 GHz range” and may also be referred to as a millimeter wave (mmW). 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Frequency Range 
                 Corresponding 
                   
               
               
                 designation 
                 frequency range 
                 Subcarrier Spacing (SCS) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 FR1 
                  450 MHz-6000 MHz 
                  15, 30, 60 kHz 
               
               
                 FR2 
                 24250 MHz-52600 MHz 
                 60, 120, 240 kHz 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As described above, the values of the frequency ranges in the NR system may be changed (or varied). For example, as shown below in Table 4, FR1 may include a band within a range of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz. More specifically, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, and so on) and higher. For example, a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, and so on) and higher being included in FR1 mat include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for diverse purposes, e.g., the unlicensed band for vehicle-specific communication (e.g., automated driving). 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Frequency Range 
                 Corresponding 
                   
               
               
                 designation 
                 frequency range 
                 Subcarrier Spacing (SCS) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 FR1 
                  410 MHz-7125 MHz 
                  15, 30, 60 kHz 
               
               
                 FR2 
                 24250 MHz-52600 MHz 
                 60, 120, 240 kHz 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 6  shows a structure of a slot of an NR frame, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 6 , a slot includes a plurality of symbols in a time domain. For example, in case of a normal CP, one slot may include 14 symbols. However, in case of an extended CP, one slot may include 12 symbols. Alternatively, in case of a normal CP, one slot may include 7 symbols. However, in case of an extended CP, one slot may include 6 symbols. 
     A carrier includes a plurality of subcarriers in a frequency domain. A Resource Block (RB) may be defined as a plurality of consecutive subcarriers (e.g., 12 subcarriers) in the frequency domain. A Bandwidth Part (BWP) may be defined as a plurality of consecutive (Physical) Resource Blocks ((P)RBs) in the frequency domain, and the BWP may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, and so on). A carrier may include a maximum of N number BWPs (e.g.,  5  BWPs). Data communication may be performed via an activated BWP. Each element may be referred to as a Resource Element (RE) within a resource grid and one complex symbol may be mapped to each element. 
     Meanwhile, a radio interface between a UE and another UE or a radio interface between the UE and a network may consist of an L1 layer, an L2 layer, and an L3 layer. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the L1 layer may imply a physical layer. In addition, for example, the L2 layer may imply at least one of a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP layer, and an SDAP layer. In addition, for example, the L3 layer may imply an RRC layer. 
     Hereinafter, a bandwidth part (BWP) and a carrier will be described. 
     The BWP may be a set of consecutive physical resource blocks (PRBs) in a given numerology. The PRB may be selected from consecutive sub-sets of common resource blocks (CRBs) for the given numerology on a given carrier. 
     When using bandwidth adaptation (BA), a reception bandwidth and transmission bandwidth of a UE are not necessarily as large as a bandwidth of a cell, and the reception bandwidth and transmission bandwidth of the BS may be adjusted. For example, a network/BS may inform the UE of bandwidth adjustment. For example, the UE receive information/configuration for bandwidth adjustment from the network/BS. In this case, the UE may perform bandwidth adjustment based on the received information/configuration. For example, the bandwidth adjustment may include an increase/decrease of the bandwidth, a position change of the bandwidth, or a change in subcarrier spacing of the bandwidth. 
     For example, the bandwidth may be decreased during a period in which activity is low to save power. For example, the position of the bandwidth may move in a frequency domain. For example, the position of the bandwidth may move in the frequency domain to increase scheduling flexibility. For example, the subcarrier spacing of the bandwidth may be changed. For example, the subcarrier spacing of the bandwidth may be changed to allow a different service. A subset of a total cell bandwidth of a cell may be called a bandwidth part (BWP). The BA may be performed when the BS/network configures the BWP to the UE and the BS/network informs the UE of the BWP currently in an active state among the configured BWPs. 
     For example, the BWP may be at least any one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and/or a default BWP. For example, the UE may not monitor downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than an active DL BWP on a primary cell (PCell). For example, the UE may not receive PDCCH, PDSCH, or CSI-RS (excluding RRM) outside the active DL BWP. For example, the UE may not trigger a channel state information (CSI) report for the inactive DL BWP. For example, the UE may not transmit PUCCH or PUSCH outside an active UL BWP. For example, in a downlink case, the initial BWP may be given as a consecutive RB set for an RMSI CORESET (configured by PBCH). For example, in an uplink case, the initial BWP may be given by SIB for a random access procedure. For example, the default BWP may be configured by a higher layer. For example, an initial value of the default BWP may be an initial DL BWP. For energy saving, if the UE fails to detect DCI during a specific period, the UE may switch the active BWP of the UE to the default BWP. 
     Meanwhile, the BWP may be defined for SL. The same SL BWP may be used in transmission and reception. For example, a transmitting UE may transmit an SL channel or an SL signal on a specific BWP, and a receiving UE may receive the SL channel or the SL signal on the specific BWP. In a licensed carrier, the SL BWP may be defined separately from a Uu BWP, and the SL BWP may have configuration signaling separate from the Uu BWP. For example, the UE may receive a configuration for the SL BWP from the BS/network. The SL BWP may be (pre-)configured in a carrier with respect to an out-of-coverage NR V2X UE and an RRC_IDLE UE. For the UE in the RRC_CONNECTED mode, at least one SL BWP may be activated in the carrier. 
       FIG. 7  shows an example of a BWP, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of  FIG. 7  may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. It is assumed in the embodiment of  FIG. 7  that the number of BWPs is 3. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7 , a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other end thereof. In addition, the PRB may be a resource block numbered within each BWP. A point A may indicate a common reference point for a resource block grid. 
     The BWP may be configured by a point A, an offset N start   BWP  from the point A, and a bandwidth N size   BWP . For example, the point A may be an external reference point of a PRB of a carrier in which a subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by a network on that carrier) is aligned. For example, the offset may be a PRB interval between a lowest subcarrier and the point A in a given numerology. For example, the bandwidth may be the number of PRBs in the given numerology. 
     Hereinafter, V2X or SL communication will be described. 
       FIG. 8 a    and  FIG. 8 b    show a radio protocol architecture for a SL communication, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of  FIG. 8 a    and  FIG. 8 b    may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. More specifically,  FIG. 8 a    shows a user plane protocol stack, and  FIG. 8 b    shows a control plane protocol stack. 
     Hereinafter, a sidelink synchronization signal (SLSS) and synchronization information will be described. 
     The SLSS may include a primary sidelink synchronization signal (PSSS) and a secondary sidelink synchronization signal (SSSS), as an SL-specific sequence. The PSSS may be referred to as a sidelink primary synchronization signal (S-PSS), and the SSSS may be referred to as a sidelink secondary synchronization signal (S-SSS). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for the S-PSS, and length-127 gold sequences may be used for the S-SSS. For example, a UE may use the S-PSS for initial signal detection and for synchronization acquisition. For example, the UE may use the S-PSS and the S-SSS for acquisition of detailed synchronization and for detection of a synchronization signal ID. 
     A physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) may be a (broadcast) channel for transmitting default (system) information which must be first known by the UE before SL signal transmission/reception. For example, the default information may be information related to SLSS, a duplex mode (DM), a time division duplex (TDD) uplink/downlink (UL/DL) configuration, information related to a resource pool, a type of an application related to the SLSS, a subframe offset, broadcast information, or the like. For example, for evaluation of PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, a payload size of the PSBCH may be 56 bits including 24-bit CRC. 
     The S-PSS, the S-SSS, and the PSBCH may be included in a block format (e.g., SL synchronization signal (SS)/PSBCH block, hereinafter, sidelink-synchronization signal block (S-SSB)) supporting periodical transmission. The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP length) as a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH)/physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) in a carrier, and a transmission bandwidth may exist within a (pre-) configured sidelink (SL) BWP. For example, the S-SSB may have a bandwidth of 11 resource blocks (RBs). For example, the PSBCH may exist across 11 RBs. In addition, a frequency position of the S-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Accordingly, the UE does not have to perform hypothesis detection at frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier. 
       FIG. 9  shows a UE performing V2X or SL communication, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of  FIG. 9  may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 9 , in V2X or SL communication, the term ‘UE’ may generally imply a UE of a user. However, if a network equipment such as a BS transmits/receives a signal according to a communication scheme between UEs, the BS may also be regarded as a sort of the UE. For example, a UE  1  may be a first apparatus  100 , and a UE  2  may be a second apparatus  200 . 
     For example, the UE  1  may select a resource unit corresponding to a specific resource in a resource pool which implies a set of series of resources. In addition, the UE  1  may transmit an SL signal by using the resource unit. For example, a resource pool in which the UE  1  is capable of transmitting a signal may be configured to the UE  2  which is a receiving UE, and the signal of the UE  1  may be detected in the resource pool. 
     Herein, if the UE  1  is within a connectivity range of the BS, the BS may inform the UE  1  of the resource pool. Otherwise, if the UE  1  is out of the connectivity range of the BS, another UE may inform the UE  1  of the resource pool, or the UE  1  may use a pre-configured resource pool. 
     In general, the resource pool may be configured in unit of a plurality of resources, and each UE may select a unit of one or a plurality of resources to use it in SL signal transmission thereof. 
     Hereinafter, resource allocation in SL will be described. 
       FIG. 10 a    and  FIG. 10 b    show a procedure of performing V2X or SL communication by a UE based on a transmission mode, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of  FIG. 10 a    and  FIG. 10 b    may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the transmission mode may be called a mode or a resource allocation mode. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, in LTE, the transmission mode may be called an LTE transmission mode. In NR, the transmission mode may be called an NR resource allocation mode. 
     For example,  FIG. 10 a    shows a UE operation related to an LTE transmission mode  1  or an LTE transmission mode  3 . Alternatively, for example,  FIG. 10 a    shows a UE operation related to an NR resource allocation mode  1 . For example, the LTE transmission mode  1  may be applied to general SL communication, and the LTE transmission mode  3  may be applied to V2X communication. 
     For example,  FIG. 10 b    shows a UE operation related to an LTE transmission mode  2  or an LTE transmission mode  4 . Alternatively, for example,  FIG. 10 b    shows a UE operation related to an NR resource allocation mode  2 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 10 a   , in the LTE transmission mode  1 , the LTE transmission mode  3 , or the NR resource allocation mode  1 , a BS may schedule an SL resource to be used by the UE for SL transmission. For example, the BS may perform resource scheduling to a UE  1  through a PDCCH (more specifically, downlink control information (DCI)), and the UE  1  may perform V2X or SL communication with respect to a UE  2  according to the resource scheduling. For example, the UE  1  may transmit a sidelink control information (SCI) to the UE  2  through a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH), and thereafter transmit data based on the SCI to the UE  2  through a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH). 
     Referring to  FIG. 10 b   , in the LTE transmission mode  2 , the LTE transmission mode  4 , or the NR resource allocation mode  2 , the UE may determine an SL transmission resource within an SL resource configured by a BS/network or a pre-configured SL resource. For example, the configured SL resource or the pre-configured SL resource may be a resource pool. For example, the UE may autonomously select or schedule a resource for SL transmission. For example, the UE may perform SL communication by autonomously selecting a resource within a configured resource pool. For example, the UE may autonomously select a resource within a selective window by performing a sensing and resource (re)selection procedure. For example, the sensing may be performed in unit of subchannels. In addition, the UE  1  which has autonomously selected the resource within the resource pool may transmit the SCI to the UE  2  through a PSCCH, and thereafter may transmit data based on the SCI to the UE  2  through a PSSCH. 
       FIG. 11 a   ,  FIG. 11 b    and  FIG. 11 c    show three cast types, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of  FIG. 11 a   ,  FIG. 11 b    and  FIG. 11 c    may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically,  FIG. 11 a    shows broadcast-type SL communication,  FIG. 11 b    shows unicast type-SL communication, and  FIG. 11 c    shows groupcast-type SL communication. In case of the unicast-type SL communication, a UE may perform one-to-one communication with respect to another UE. In case of the groupcast-type SL transmission, the UE may perform SL communication with respect to one or more UEs in a group to which the UE belongs. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, SL groupcast communication may be replaced with SL multicast communication, SL one-to-many communication, or the like. 
     Meanwhile, in sidelink communication, a UE needs to efficiently select resources for sidelink transmission. Hereinafter, a method for a UE to efficiently select a resource for sidelink transmission and an apparatus supporting the same according to various embodiments of the present disclosure will be described. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, sidelink communication may include V2X communication. 
     At least one proposed method proposed according to various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to at least one of unicast communication, groupcast communication, and/or broadcast communication. 
     At least one proposed method proposed according to various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to PC5 interface or SL interface (e.g., PSCCH, PSSCH, PSBCH, PSSS/SSSS, etc.) based sidelink communication or V2X communication, as well as Uu interface (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH, PDCCH, PUCCH, etc.) based Sidelink communication or V2X communication. 
     In various embodiments of the present disclosure, Reception operation of the UE may include a decoding operation and/or reception operation of a sidelink channel and/or a sidelink signal (e.g., PSCCH, PSSCH, PSFCH, PSBCH, PSSS/SSSS, etc.). The reception operation of the UE may include a decoding operation and/or reception operation of a WAN DL channel and/or a WAN DL signal (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, PSS/SSS, etc.). The reception operation of the UE may include a sensing operation and/or a CBR measurement operation. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the sensing operation of the UE may include PSSCH-RSRP measurement operation based on PSSCH DM-RS sequence, PSSCH-RSRP measurement operation based on the PSSCH DM-RS sequence scheduled by the PSCCH successfully decoded by the UE, sidelink RSSI (S-RSSI) measurement operation, and/or an S-RSSI measurement operation based on sub-channels related to a V2X resource pool. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the transmission operation of the UE may include the transmission operation of a sidelink channel and/or a sidelink signal (e.g., PSCCH, PSSCH, PSFCH, PSBCH, PSSS/SSSS, etc.). Transmission operation of the UE may include transmission of a WAN UL channel and/or a WAN UL signal (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS, etc.). In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a synchronization signal may include SLSS and/or PSBCH. 
     In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a configuration may include signaling, signaling from a network, configuration from a network, and/or pre-configuration from a network. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a definition may include signaling, signaling from a network, setting from a network, and/or pre-configuration from a network. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a designation may include signaling, signaling from a network, setting from a network, and/or pre-configuration from a network. 
     In various embodiments of the present disclosure, PPPP (ProSe Per Packet Priority) may be replaced with PPPR (ProSe Per Packet Reliability), and PPPR may be replaced with PPPP. For example, a smaller PPPP value may mean a higher priority, and a larger PPPP value may mean a lower priority. For example, a smaller PPPR value may mean higher reliability, and a larger PPPR value may mean lower reliability. For example, a PPPP value related with a service, packet, or message related to a higher priority may be less than a PPPP value related with a service, packet, or message related to a lower priority. For example, a PPPR value related with a service, packet, or message related to high reliability may be less than a PPPR value related with a service, packet, or message related to low reliability. 
     In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a session may include at least one of unicast session (e.g., unicast session for sidelink), groupcast/multicast session (e.g., groupcast/multicast session for sidelink), and/or broadcast session (e.g., broadcast session for sidelink). 
     In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a carrier may be interpreted as mutually extended to at least one of a BWP and/or a resource pool. For example, a carrier may include at least one of a BWP and/or a resource pool. For example, a carrier may include one or more BWPs. For example, a BWP may include one or more resource pools. 
     In the present specification, a transmitting UE (TX UE) may be a UE transmitting data to a (target) receiving UE (RX UE). For example, a TX UE may be a UE performing PSCCH and/or PSSCH transmission. And/or, for example, a TX UE may be a UE that transmits an Sidelink Channel State Information Reference signal (SL CSI-RS) and/or SL CSI report request indicator to a (target) RX UE. And/or, for example, a TX UE may be a UE that transmits a reference signal and/or a sidelink Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) report request indicator (or sidelink RSRP report request information) for sidelink RSRP measurement to a (target) RX UE. In this case, as an example, the sidelink RSRP may be an RSRP measurement value calculated using filtering of a layer-1 (L1) layer. For example, the reference signal for measuring the sidelink RSRP may be a predefined reference signal. For example, the reference signal for measuring the RSRP may be a PSSCH Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), a DMRS for the PSSCH, or a DMRS related with the PSSCH. And/or, for example, a TX UE may be a UE that transmits a reference signal (e.g., DM-RS, CSI-RS) on a channel and/or the (control) channel (e.g., PSCCH, PSSCH) to be used for the SL RLM and/or SL RLF operation of a (target) RX UE. For example, a TX UE may be a UE transmitting a reference signal (e.g., DMRS or CSI-RS) on a channel for SL RLM and/or SL RLF operation of a (target) RX UE. In this case, for example, the channel for the SL RLM and/or SL RLF operation of the receiving UE may be a PSCCH or a PSSCH. 
     In the present specification, a receiving UE (RX UE) may be a UE transmitting SL HARQ feedback to a transmitting UE (TX UE) according to whether decoding of data received from the TX UE succeeds and/or whether the detection/decoding success of a PSCCH (related to a PSSCH scheduling) transmitted by the TX UE. And/or, for example, a RX UE may be a UE that performs SL CSI transmission (to a TX UE) based on the SL CSI-RS and/or the SL CSI report request indicator (or SL CSI report request information) received from the TX UE. And/or, for example, a RX UE is a UE that transmits to a TX UE a SL (L1) RSRP measurement value measured based on a (pre-defined) reference signal and/or the SL (L1) RSRP report request indicator received from the TX UE. In this case, for example, the sidelink RSRP may be an RSRP measurement value calculated using filtering of an L1 layer. And/or, for example, a RX UE may be a UE that transmits its own data to a TX UE. And/or, for example, a RX UE may be a UE that performs SL RLM and/or SL RLF operations based on a reference signal on a (control) channel and/or a (pre-configured) (control) channel received from a TX UE. In this case, for example, the channel may be a control channel. 
     In the present specification, “configuration” or “define” may mean (resource pool specific) (pre-) configuration from a base station or network (via pre-defined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC)). For example, “A may be configured” may include “the base station or the network (pre-) configures/defines or informs A for the UE”. Alternatively, a term expressed as “configuration” or “definition” may be interpreted as being pre-configured or defined by the system. For example, “A may be configured” may include “A is pre-configured/defined by the system”. 
     In the present specification, the SL RLF may be determined based on at least one of OUT-OF-SYNCH (OOS or Out-of-Sync.) and IN-SYNCH (IS or In-Sync.). 
     In the present specification, a term expressed as a resource block (RB) may be replaced with a subcarrier. 
     In the present specification, terms expressed as packet or traffic may be replaced with a transport block (TB) or Medium Access Control Protocol Data Unit (MAC PDU) according to a communication layer. 
     In the present specification, the receiving UE may transmit (to the transmitting UE) at least one of sidelink HARQ feedback, SL CSI, or sidelink RSRP. In the present specification, a physical channel used when the receiving UE transmits (to the transmitting UE) at least one of sidelink HARQ feedback, sidelink CSI, or sidelink RSRP may be referred to as a Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel (PSFCH) or a sidelink feedback channel. In this case, for example, the sidelink RSRP may be an RSRP measurement value calculated using filtering of an L1 layer. 
     In the present specification, when the RX UE transmits SL HARQ feedback information for the PSSCH and/or PSCCH received from the TX UE, the following scheme or some of the following schemes may be considered. Herein, for example, the following scheme or some of the following schemes may be limitedly applied only when the RX UE successfully decodes/detects the PSCCH scheduling the PSSCH. 
     (1) Option A: NACK information may be transmitted to the TX UE only when the RX UE fails to decode/receive the PSSCH received from the TX UE. 
     (2) Option B: When the RX UE succeeds in decoding/receiving the PSSCH received from the TX UE, ACK information may be transmitted to the TX UE, and when PSSCH decoding/reception fails, NACK information may be transmitted to the TX UE. 
     Meanwhile, for example, the transmitting UE may transmit the entirety or part of information described below to the receiving UE through the SCI.
         PSSCH and/or PSCCH related resource allocation information, for example, the number/positions of time/frequency resources, resource reservation information (e.g., period). It may be information (e.g., the period of resource reservation) related to the number of time-frequency resources and/or resource reservation, allocated for PSSCH and/or PSCCH transmission or allocated for the location of the scheduled time-frequency resource and/or PSSCH and/or PSCCH transmission or scheduled.   SL CSI report request indicator or SL (L1) RSRP (and/or SL (L1) RSRQ and/or SL (L1) RSSI) report request indicator. In this case, (L1) may mean that each of the SL RSRP, SL RSRQ, and SL RSSI is a measured value calculated using filtering of an layer-1 (L1) layer.   SL CSI transmission indicator (or SL (L1) RSRP (and/or SL (L1) RSRQ and/or SL (L1) RSSI) information transmission indicator)) (on a PSSCH)   MCS information   Transmit power information   L1 destination ID information and/or L1 source ID information   SL HARQ process ID information   New data indicator (NDI) information   Redundancy version (RV) information   (Transmission traffic/packet related) QoS information, e.g., priority information   SL CSI-RS transmission indicator or information on the number of (to-be-transmitted) SL CSI-RS antenna ports   Location information of a transmitting UE or location (or distance region) information of a target receiving UE (for which SL HARQ feedback is requested)   Reference signal (e.g., DMRS) related to channel estimation and/or decoding of data to be transmitted through a PSSCH, e.g., information related to a pattern of a (time-frequency) mapping resource of DMRS, rank information, antenna port index information, information on the number of antenna ports       

     In the present specification, a term expressed as PSCCH may be replaced with SCI. And/or, a term expressed as PSCCH may be replaced with a first SCI or a second SCI only when the TX UE transmits the two-stage SCI to the RX UE. For example, since the TX UE may transmit the SCI, the first SCI and/or the second SCI to the RX UE through the PSCCH, the PSCCH may be replaced/substituted with at least one of SCI, first SCI, and/or second SCI. And/or, for example, the SCI may be replaced/replaced by the PSCCH, the first SCI and/or the second SCI. And/or, for example, since the TX UE may transmit the second SCI to the RX UE through the PSSCH, the PSSCH may be replaced/substituted with the second SCI, for example, when SCI configuration fields are divided into two groups in consideration of the (relatively) high SCI payload size, the first SCI including the first SCI configuration field group may be referred to as 1st SCI, and the second SCI including the second SCI configuration field group may be referred to as 2nd SCI. In addition, for example, the 1st SCI may be transmitted to the receiving UE through the PSCCH. In addition, for example, the 2nd SCI may be transmitted to the receiving UE through (independent) PSCCH, or may be piggybacked with data through PSSCH and transmitted. 
     Meanwhile, when A transmitting UE (PLTP_UE), that determines or derives a sidelink transmission power value (through a predefined function) based on a measurement value of a sidelink pathloss (SL PL) between UEs and/or a measurement value of a downlink pathloss (DL PL) between a base station and a UE, and a transmitting UE (MXTP_UE) that does not perform the above operation perform transmission using resources included in the same (transmission) resource pool, Interference due to in-band emission (IBE) may increase between different transmission resources of a plurality of terminals on which frequency division multiplexing (FDM) is performed. Herein, the MXTP_UE may be a terminal performing sidelink communication using a maximum (allowable) power value based on pre-configured Open loop power control (OLPC) parameters (e.g., PO and/or α). Specifically, for example, it may be assumed that after UE #X determines a sidelink transmission power value in the same (transmission) resource pool based on a SL PL measurement value between UE #Y (the target of unicast communication) and UE #X, UE #X performs transmission through a subchannel #K on a slot #N, on the other hand, UE #Z (which performs broadcast communication) performs transmission through subchannel #(K+1) on slot #N with a pre-configured maximum (allowable) power value. Here, it is assumed that a distance between UE #Y and UE #Z is relatively close. In this situation, if UE #X and UE #Z each perform transmission with a pre-configured maximum (allowable) power value through resources being performed FDM, UE #Y experiences high IBE interference due to transmission of UE #Z when receiving a packet transmitted from UE #X. 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the transmitting UE performs transmission with power lower than Nominal transmission power determined or derived using a maximum (allowable) power value based on pre-configured OLPC parameters (e.g., PO and/or α), the transmitting UE may perform an operation according to at least one of the following rule. Alternatively, when the transmitting UE performs transmission with power lower than a pre-configured Nominal transmission power, the transmitting UE may perform an operation according to at least one of the following rules. Here, for example, the Nominal transmission power may be derived/calculated by the transmitting UE based on OLPC parameters (e.g., PO and/or α), SL PL and/or DL PL. And/or, when the transmitting UE performs transmission with reduced power or a value greater than or equal to a pre-configured or allowable threshold (e.g., MAX_ALTH), an operation may be performed according to at least one of the following rules. Herein, the Nominal transmission power may be a kind of maximum allowable transmission power. Herein, the MAX_ALTH value may be configured differently according to a service type and/or priority and/or service requirements and/or a cast type and/or a congestion level. For example, the service requirements may include priority, reliability, latency, and minimum required communication range. For example, the cast type may be one of unicast, groupcast, and broadcast.
         The transmitting UE may signal whether the transmission is performed (or not) with Nominal transmission power or whether transmission is performed with reduced power to a value greater than or equal to a pre-configured or allowable threshold (MAX_ALTH) to the receiving UE through a pre-configured new field (e.g., POFFSET_FIELD) included in a SCI transmitted via a PSCCH. Alternatively, the transmitting UE may signal whether the transmission is performed (or not) with Nominal transmission power or whether transmission is performed with reduced power to a value greater than or equal to a pre-configured or allowable threshold (MAX_ALTH) to the receiving UE through a pre-configured POFFSET_FIELD on MAC CE transmitted via a PSSCH or a pre-configured POFFSET_FIELD on PC5 RRC Signaling. In this case, whether the transmission is performed with the Nominal transmission power or whether transmission is performed with reduced power to a value greater than or equal to a pre-configured or allowable threshold (MAX_ALTH) may be signaled with one bit. And/or, for example, Information related to a reduced power offset value compared to the Nominal transmission power may be signaled to the receiving UE through a pre-configured POFFSET_FIELD included in the SCI transmitted by the transmitting UE via the PSCCH. In another example, Information related to a reduced power offset value compared to the Nominal transmission power may be signaled to the receiving UE through pre-configured POFFSET_FIELD on PC5 RRC Signaling or MAC CE transmitted by the transmitting UE (e.g., through PSSCH). In this case, the granularity or quantization level of the offset value may be pre-configured.       

     According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, in the above embodiments or a combination of embodiments, an operation of adding a (pre-configured) offset value (RP_OFFSET) to PSSCH (and/or PSCCH) related DMRS-based RSRP measurement value (and/or CSI-RS-based RSRP measurement value, and/or RSSI measurement value, and/or SL PL measurement value) may be performed, based on POFFSET_FIELD information received or decoded by the receiving UE (or the transmitting UE) performing resource sensing operation, resource exclusion operation, SL RSRP measurement operation and/or SL PL measurement operation. Here, the RP_OFFSET value may be configured differently according to a service type and/or priority and/or service requirements and/or a cast type and/or a congestion level. For example, the service requirements may include priority, reliability, latency, and minimum required communication range. For example, the cast type may be one of unicast, groupcast, and broadcast. Alternatively, the RP_OFFSET value may be configured differently according to a distance between the transmitting UE and the target receiving UE measuring RSRP (and/or RSSI) based on PSSCH DMRS. And/or, the RP_OFFSET value may be configured differently according to a distance between the transmitting UE and the target receiving UE measuring RSRP (and/or RSSI) based on PSCCH DMRS. 
     For example, when POFFSET_FIELD, received or decoded by the receiving UE performing resource sensing operation, resource exclusion operation, SL RSRP measurement operation and/or SL PL measurement operation, indicates transmission of power lower than the Nominal transmission power by the transmitting UE, and/or when a value greater than or equal to a pre-configured or allowable threshold (MAX_ALTH) indicates transmission of reduced power, an operation of adding a pre-configured offset value (RP_OFFSET) to PSSCH DMRS-based RSRP measurement value (and/or CSI-RS-based RSRP measurement value, and/or RSSI measurement value, and/or SL PL measurement value) may be performed. For example, when POFFSET_FIELD, received or decoded by the receiving UE performing resource sensing operation, resource exclusion operation, SL RSRP measurement operation and/or SL PL measurement operation, indicates transmission of power lower than the Nominal transmission power by the transmitting UE, and/or when a value greater than or equal to a pre-configured or allowable threshold (MAX_ALTH) indicates transmission of reduced power, an operation of adding a pre-configured offset value (RP_OFFSET) to PSCCH DMRS-based RSRP measurement value (and/or CSI-RS-based RSRP measurement value, and/or RSSI measurement value, and/or SL PL measurement value) may be performed. For example, when POFFSET_FIELD, received or decoded by the receiving UE performing resource sensing operation, resource exclusion operation, SL RSRP measurement operation and/or SL PL measurement operation, indicates transmission of power lower than the Nominal transmission power by the transmitting UE, and/or when a value greater than or equal to a pre-configured or allowable threshold (MAX_ALTH) indicates transmission of reduced power, an operation of adding a (pre-configured) negative RP_OFFSET value to the SL PL measurement value may be performed. 
     For example, when POFFSET_FIELD, received or decoded by the receiving UE performing resource sensing operation, resource exclusion operation, SL RSRP measurement operation and/or SL PL measurement operation, indicates information related to the reduced power offset value compared to the Nominal transmission power by the transmitting UE, an operation of compensating for a PSSCH DMRS-based RSRP measurement value (and/or CSI-RS-based RSRP measurement value, and/or RSSI measurement value, and/or SL PL measurement value) by the reduced power offset value compared to the Nominal transmission power by the transmitting UE may be performed. For example, when POFFSET_FIELD, received or decoded by the receiving UE performing resource sensing operation, resource exclusion operation, SL RSRP measurement operation and/or SL PL measurement operation, indicates information related to the reduced power offset value compared to the Nominal transmission power by the transmitting UE, an operation of adding a pre-configured positive offset value (RP_OFFSET) to a PSCCH DMRS-based RSRP measurement value (and/or a CSI-RS-based RSRP and/or RSSI measurement value) may be performed. For example, when POFFSET_FIELD, received or decoded by the receiving UE performing resource sensing operation, resource exclusion operation, SL RSRP measurement operation and/or SL PL measurement operation, indicates information related to the reduced power offset value compared to the Nominal transmission power by the transmitting UE, an operation of adding a pre-configured negative offset value (RP_OFFSET) to the SL PL measurement value may be performed. 
     For example, the RP_OFFSET may be configured differently according to a reduced power offset value compared to the Nominal transmission power. 
     A transmitting UE (PLTP_UE), that determines or derives a sidelink transmission power value (through a predefined function) based on a SL PL measurement value and/or a DL PL measurement value by the base station and/or the network via predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, RRC signaling), and a transmitting UE (MXTP_UE) that does not perform the above operation may be (pre-)configured to use different (transmission) resource pools. For example, the different (transmission) resource pools may be time division multiplexed (TDM) with each other. For example, the different (transmission) resource pools may be configured according to a sidelink transmission power value and/or a range of sidelink transmission power of the transmitting UE. And/or, for example, the different (transmission) resource pools may be configured for each cast type of the transmitting UE. And/or, for example, the different (transmission) resource pools may be configured according to whether SL OLPC is configured and/or applied based on SL PL (and/or DL PL). And/or, for example, the different (transmission) resource pools may be configured or applied according to locations of the transmitting UEs and/or a packet-related service QoS parameter and/or a service-related QoS parameter and/or packet-related requirements and/or service-related requirements. For example, the packet-related requirements and/or service-related requirements may relate to at least one of priority, reliability, latency, or minimum required communication range. 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the case where DL PL (and/or SL PL)-based SL OLPC and/or DL RSRP-based (transmission) resource pool separation is configured for the transmitting UE, when the receiving UE transmits SL HARQ feedback information (e.g., Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel (PSFCH)) to the transmitting UE that has transmitted data, the receiving terminal may calculate and/or derive a upper bound of a PSFCH transmission power value based on a maximum (or minimum or average or (weighted) average) DL RSRP value linked with the transmission resource pool of the transmitting UE. In addition, for example, the transmitting UE may transmit at least one of index information of a selected transmission resource pool, maximum (or minimum or average or weighted average) value/range information of DL RSRP linked with a transmission resource pool, DL RSRP and/or DL PL measurement value information, PSFCH maximum (allowable) power value information, OLPC parameter information (e.g., PO and/or α) to be used for PSFCH (and/or PSCCH/PSSCH) (maximum) transmission power determination and/or serving cell identifier information, to the receiving UE through predefined signaling (e.g., PSCCH, SCI, PSSCH, MAC CE, PC5 RRC Signaling). For example, the index information of the transmission resource pool selected by the transmitting UE may be valid when the transmitting UE and the receiving UE are connected to the same cell, and/or when the transmitting UE and the receiving UE are located within the same cell coverage. For example, the DL RSRP measurement value may be a DL RSRP value measured by the transmitting UE in its serving cell. For example, the DL PL measurement value may be a DL PL value measured by the transmitting UE in its serving cell. For example, the PSFCH maximum (allowable) power value may be a pre-configured value from the serving cell of the transmitting UE. In this case, the transmitting UE may select a transmission resource pool based on the DL RSRP measurement value. 
     In addition, for example, the network or the base station may pre-configure or configure at least one of OLPC parameter information (e.g., PO and/or α) to be used for PSFCH (maximum) transmission power determination, (Nominal) DL PL and/or DL RSRP value information, linked (transmission) resource pool index information and/or PSFCH maximum (allowable) power value information, to the receiving UE, for example, the network or the base station may transmit at least one of OLPC parameter information (e.g., PO and/or α) to be used for PSFCH (maximum) transmission power determination, (Nominal) DL PL and/or DL RSRP value information, linked (transmission) resource pool index information and/or PSFCH maximum (allowable) power value information, to the receiving UE. For example, the receiving UE may (finally) determine a minimum (or maximum or average or (weighted) average) value among a power value derived based on at least one of DL RSRP measurement and/or DL PL measurement value information related to its serving cell, OLPC parameter information to be used for determining PSFCH (maximum) transmission power (e.g., PO and/or α), SL PL measured value information and/or PSFCH maximum (allowable) power value information and a power value derived based on information received from the transmitting UE (or a power value derived based on (pre-) configured information from the network or the base station), as the PSFCH transmission power. Herein, for example, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, what information should be exchanged between the transmitting UE and the receiving UE may be configured differently according to a service type, service priority, service requirement, cast type, congestion level. And/or, for example, the network or the base station may configure OLPC parameters to be used for determining PSFCH (maximum) transmission power, (Nominal) DL PL and/or DL RSRP values, linked (transmission) resource pool index information, and/or PSFCH maximum (allowable) power value information to the receiving UE differently according to a service type, service priority, service requirement, cast type, congestion level. 
     In  FIGS. 12 to 14  below, examples of a sidelink communication method to which some of the above-described embodiments are applied will be reviewed. 
       FIG. 12  shows an example in which a first device and a second device perform sidelink communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     In step S 1210 , according to an embodiment, a second device  1202  may transmit a PSCCH and/or a PSSCH to a first device  1201 . For example, the PSCCH or the PSSCH may include information on transmission power for the PSCCH and the PSSCH. 
     For example, the information on the transmission power may be based on a maximum transmission power and an allowable threshold. 
     For example, the information on the transmission power may include a field representing whether the transmission power is equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power minus the allowable threshold). 
     For example, the information on the transmission power may include a first offset for a difference between the maximum transmission power and the transmission power. 
     For example, the allowable threshold may be determined based on at least one of a service type, priority, requirements, cast type, or congestion level. 
     In step S 1220 , according to an embodiment, the first device  1201  may determine a RSRP of a DM-RS received through the PSSCH. 
     For example, based on the transmission power being equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power—the allowable threshold), the RSRP may be determined by adding a second offset to a RSRP measurement value of the DM-RS. 
     For example, the second offset may be determined based on at least one of a service type, a priority, requirements, a cast type, a congestion level, or a distance between the device from which the RSRP measurement value is derived and the first device  1201 . 
     For example, based on the transmission power being equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power—the allowable threshold), the RSRP may be determined by adding the first offset to a RSRP measurement value of the DM-RS. 
     For example, based on the transmission power being equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power—the allowable threshold), the RSRP may be determined by adding a second offset determined based on the first offset to a RSRP measurement value of the DM-RS. 
     For example, the maximum transmission power may be determined based on a pre-configured Open Loop Power Control (OLPC) parameter. 
     For example, the maximum transmission power may be determined based on a Sidelink Pathloss (SL PL) measurement value and/or a Downlink Pathloss (DL PL) measurement value between the base station and the UE. 
     In step S 1230 , according to an embodiment, the first device  1201  may perform sidelink communication based on the determined RSRP. 
       FIG. 13  shows an example in which a first device and a second device perform sidelink communication according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     In step S 1310 , according to an embodiment, a second device  1302  may perform a first transmission of a PSCCH and/or a PSSCH on a first resource pool. 
     For example, the PSCCH or the PSSCH may include information on the first transmission power for the PSCCH and the PSSCH. 
     For example, the second device  1302  may perform the first transmission of the PSCCH and the PSSCH on the first resource pool based on the first transmission power being determined based on a SL PL (Sidelink PathLoss) measurement value or a DL PL (Downlink PathLoss) measurement value. 
     In step S 1320 , according to an embodiment, the second device  1302  may perform a second transmission of a PSCCH and/or a PSSCH on a second resource pool. 
     For example, the PSCCH or the PSSCH may include information on second transmission power for the PSCCH and the PSSCH. 
     For example, the second device  1302  may perform the second transmission of the PSCCH and the PSSCH on the second resource pool based on the first transmission power being not determined based on a SL PL (Sidelink PathLoss) measurement value or a DL PL (Downlink PathLoss) measurement value. For example, the second device  1302  may perform the second transmission of the PSCCH and the PSSCH on the second resource pool based on the second transmission power being determined based on an OLPC parameter. 
     For example, the first resource pool and the second resource pool may not overlap each other. 
     For example, a time resource period of the first resource pool and a time resource period of the second resource pool may be adjacent to each other. That is, the first resource pool and the second resource pool may be performed time-division multiplexing (TDM). 
     For example, the information on the first transmission power or the information on the second transmission power may be based on a maximum transmission power and an allowable threshold. 
     For example, the information on the first transmission power or the information on the second transmission power may include a field representing whether the first transmission power or the second transmission power is equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power minus the allowable threshold). 
     For example, the information on the first transmission power or the information on the second transmission power may include a first offset for a difference between the maximum transmission power and the transmission power. 
     For example, the allowable threshold may be determined based on at least one of a service type, priority, requirements, cast type, or congestion level. 
     In step S 1330 , according to an embodiment, the first device  1301  may determine a RSRP based on a first DM-RS received through the PSSCH of the first transmission. 
     For example, based on the first transmission power being equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power—the allowable threshold), the RSRP based on the first DM-RS may be determined by adding a second offset to a RSRP measurement value of the first DM-RS. 
     For example, the second offset may be determined based on at least one of a service type, priority, requirements, cast type, congestion level, or a distance between a device from which the RSRP measurement is derived and the first device  1301 . 
     For example, based on the first transmission power being equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power—the allowable threshold), the RSRP based on the first DM-RS may be determined by adding the first offset to a RSRP measurement value of the first DM-RS. 
     For example, based on the first transmission power being equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power—the allowable threshold), the RSRP based on the first DM-RS may be determined by adding a second offset determined based on the first offset to a RSRP measurement value of the first DM-RS. 
     For example, the maximum transmission power may be determined based on a pre-configured Open Loop Power Control (OLPC) parameter. 
     For example, the maximum transmission power may be determined based on a Sidelink Pathloss (SL PL) measurement value and/or a Downlink Pathloss (DL PL) measurement value between the base station and the UE. 
     In step S 1340 , according to an embodiment, the first device  1301  may determine a RSRP based on a second DM-RS received through the PSSCH of the second transmission. 
     For example, based on the second transmission power being equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power—the allowable threshold), the RSRP based on the second DM-RS may be determined by adding a second offset to a RSRP measurement value of the second DM-RS. 
     For example, the second offset may be determined based on at least one of a service type, priority, requirements, cast type, congestion level, or a distance between a device from which the RSRP measurement is derived and the first device  1301 . 
     For example, based on the second transmission power being equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power—the allowable threshold), the RSRP based on the second DM-RS may be determined by adding the first offset to a RSRP measurement value of the second DM-RS. 
     For example, based on the second transmission power being equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power—the allowable threshold), the RSRP based on the second DM-RS may be determined by adding a second offset determined based on the first offset to a RSRP measurement value of the second DM-RS. 
     For example, the maximum transmission power may be determined based on a pre-configured Open Loop Power Control (OLPC) parameter. 
     For example, the maximum transmission power may be determined based on a Sidelink Pathloss (SL PL) measurement value and/or a Downlink Pathloss (DL PL) measurement value between the base station and the UE. 
     In step S 1350 , according to an embodiment, the first device  1301  may perform sidelink communication based on the RSRP based on the first DM-RS and the RSRP based on the second DM-RS. 
       FIG. 14  shows an example in which a first device, a second device, and a third device perform sidelink communication according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     In step S 1410 , according to an embodiment, a second device  1402  may perform a first transmission of a PSCCH and/or a PSSCH on a first resource pool. 
     For example, the PSCCH or the PSSCH may include information on the first transmission power for the PSCCH and the PSSCH. 
     For example, the second device  1402  may perform the first transmission of the PSCCH and the PSSCH on the first resource pool based on the first transmission power being determined based on a SL PL (Sidelink PathLoss) measurement value or a DL PL (Downlink PathLoss) measurement value. 
     In step S 1420 , according to an embodiment, a third device  1403  may perform a second transmission of a PSCCH and/or a PSSCH on a second resource pool. 
     For example, the PSCCH or the PSSCH may include information on the second transmission power for the PSCCH and the PSSCH. 
     For example, the third device  1403  may perform the second transmission of the PSCCH and the PSSCH on the second resource pool based on the second transmission power being not determined based on a SL PL (Sidelink PathLoss) measurement value or a DL PL (Downlink PathLoss) measurement value. For example, the third device  1403  may perform the second transmission of the PSCCH and the PSSCH on the second resource pool based on the second transmission power being determined based on an OLPC parameter. 
     For example, the first resource pool and the second resource pool may not overlap each other. 
     For example, a time resource period of the first resource pool and a time resource period of the second resource pool may be adjacent to each other. That is, the first resource pool and the second resource pool may be performed time-division multiplexing (TDM). 
     For example, the information on the first transmission power or the information on the second transmission power may be based on a maximum transmission power and an allowable threshold. 
     For example, the information on the first transmission power or the information on the second transmission power may include a field representing whether the first transmission power or the second transmission power is equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power minus the allowable threshold). 
     For example, the information on the first transmission power or the information on the second transmission power may include a first offset for a difference between the maximum transmission power and the transmission power. 
     For example, the allowable threshold may be determined based on at least one of a service type, priority, requirements, cast type, or congestion level. 
     In step S 1430 , according to an embodiment, the first device  1401  may determine a RSRP based on a first DM-RS received through the PSSCH of the first transmission. 
     For example, based on the first transmission power being equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power—the allowable threshold), the RSRP based on the first DM-RS may be determined by adding a second offset to a RSRP measurement value of the first DM-RS. 
     For example, the second offset may be determined based on at least one of a service type, priority, requirements, cast type, congestion level, or a distance between a device from which the RSRP measurement is derived and the first device  1401 . 
     For example, based on the first transmission power being equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power—the allowable threshold), the RSRP based on the first DM-RS may be determined by adding the first offset to a RSRP measurement value of the first DM-RS. 
     For example, based on the first transmission power being equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power—the allowable threshold), the RSRP based on the first DM-RS may be determined by adding a second offset determined based on the first offset to a RSRP measurement value of the first DM-RS. 
     For example, the maximum transmission power may be determined based on a pre-configured Open Loop Power Control (OLPC) parameter. 
     For example, the maximum transmission power may be determined based on a Sidelink Pathloss (SL PL) measurement value and/or a Downlink Pathloss (DL PL) measurement value between the base station and the UE. 
     In step S 1440 , according to an embodiment, the first device  1401  may determine a RSRP based on a second DM-RS received through the PSSCH of the second transmission. 
     For example, based on the second transmission power being equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power—the allowable threshold), the RSRP based on the second DM-RS may be determined by adding a second offset to a RSRP measurement value of the second DM-RS. 
     For example, the second offset may be determined based on at least one of a service type, priority, requirements, cast type, congestion level, or a distance between a device from which the RSRP measurement is derived and the first device  1401 . 
     For example, based on the second transmission power being equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power—the allowable threshold), the RSRP based on the second DM-RS may be determined by adding the first offset to a RSRP measurement value of the second DM-RS. 
     For example, based on the second transmission power being equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power—the allowable threshold), the RSRP based on the second DM-RS may be determined by adding a second offset determined based on the first offset to a RSRP measurement value of the second DM-RS. 
     For example, the maximum transmission power may be determined based on a pre-configured Open Loop Power Control (OLPC) parameter. 
     For example, the maximum transmission power may be determined based on a Sidelink Pathloss (SL PL) measurement value and/or a Downlink Pathloss (DL PL) measurement value between the base station and the UE. 
     In step S 1450 , according to an embodiment, the first device  1401  may perform sidelink communication based on the RSRP based on the first DM-RS and the RSRP based on the second DM-RS. 
       FIG. 15  is a flowchart illustrating an operation of a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     The operations disclosed in the flowchart of  FIG. 15  may be performed in combination with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In one example, the operations disclosed in the flowchart of  FIG. 15  may be performed based on at least one of the devices illustrated in  FIGS. 17 to 22 . In one example, the first device of  FIG. 15  may correspond to the first wireless device  100  of  FIG. 18  to be described later. In another example, the first device of  FIG. 15  may correspond to the second wireless device  200  of  FIG. 18  to be described later. 
     In step S 1510 , according to an embodiment, a first device may receive a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) and a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) from a second device. 
     In step S 1520 , according to an embodiment, based on information on a first transmission power for the PSCCH and the PSSCH included in the PSCCH or the PSSCH, the first device may determine a first reference signal received power (RSRP) of a demodulation-reference signal (DM-RS) received through the PSSCH. 
     In step S 1530 , according to an embodiment, the first device may perform the sidelink communication based on the determined first RSRP. 
     In an embodiment, the information on the first transmission power may be based on a maximum transmission power and an allowable threshold. In one example, the allowable threshold may correspond to the above-described MAX_ALTH. 
     In an embodiment, the information on the first transmission power may include a field representing whether the first transmission power is equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power—the allowable threshold). In one example, the field may correspond to the above-described POFFSET_FIELD. 
     In an embodiment, the information on the first transmission power may include a first offset for a difference between the maximum transmission power and the first transmission power. 
     In an embodiment, the allowable threshold may be determined based on at least one of a service type, priority, requirements, cast type, or congestion level. 
     In an embodiment, based on the first transmission power being equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power—the allowable threshold), the first RSRP may be determined by adding a second offset to a second RSRP, which is a RSRP measurement value of the DM-RS. In one example, the second offset may correspond to the above-described RP_OFFSET. 
     In an embodiment, the second offset may be determined based on at least one of a service type, priority, requirements, cast type, congestion level, or a distance between a device for which the second RSRP is measured and the first device. 
     In an embodiment, based on the first transmission power being equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power—the allowable threshold), the first RSRP may be determined by adding the first offset to a second RSRP, which is a RSRP measurement value of the DM-RS. 
     In an embodiment, based on the first transmission power being equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power—the allowable threshold), the first RSRP may be determined by adding a second offset determined based on the first offset, to a second RSRP, which is a RSRP measurement value of the DM-RS. 
     In an embodiment, the maximum transmission power may be determined based on a pre-configured Open Loop Power Control (OLPC) parameter. 
     In an embodiment, based on the first transmission power being determined a SL PL (Sidelink PathLoss) measurement value or a DL PL (Downlink PathLoss) measurement value, the PSCCH and the PSSCH may be transmitted from the second device to the first device on a first resource pool. In addition, based on the first transmission power being not determined the SL PL measurement value or the DL PL measurement value, the PSCCH and the PSSCH may be transmitted from the second device to the first device on a second resource pool. In this case, the first resource pool and the second resource pool may not overlap each other. 
     In an embodiment, a time resource period of the first resource pool and a time resource period of the second resource pool may be adjacent to each other. 
     In an embodiment, the method may further include transmitting a PSFCH (Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel) for the PSSCH to the second device. For example, an upper bound of a second transmission power for the PSFCH may be determined based on a maximum DL RSRP related with a resource pool through which the PSCCH and the PSSCH are transmitted. 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the first device may comprise: one or more memories storing instructions; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors connected to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers. For example, the one or more processors may execute the instructions to: receive, from a second device, a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) and a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), and based on information on a first transmission power for the PSCCH and the PSSCH, included in the PSCCH or the PSSCH, determine a first Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) of a DM-RS (Demodulation-Reference Signal) received through the PSSCH, and perform sidelink communication based on the determined first RSRP. For example, the information on the first transmission power is based on a maximum transmission power and an allowable threshold. 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an apparatus configured to control a first user equipment (UE) may be provided. For example, the apparatus may comprise: one or more processors; and one or more memories operably connected to the one or more processors and storing instructions. For example, the one or more processors may execute the instructions to: receive, from a second UE, a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) and a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), and based on information on a first transmission power for the PSCCH and the PSSCH, included in the PSCCH or the PSSCH, determine a first Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) of a DM-RS (Demodulation-Reference Signal) received through the PSSCH, and perform sidelink communication based on the determined first RSRP. For example, the information on the first transmission power is based on a maximum transmission power and an allowable threshold. 
     In one example, the first UE of the embodiment may refer to the first device described throughout the present disclosure. In one example, the at least one processor, the at least one memory, etc. in the device for controlling the first UE may be implemented as separate sub-chips, respectively, in addition, at least two or more components may be implemented through one sub-chip. 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, cause a first device to: receive, from a second device, a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) and a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), and based on information on a first transmission power for the PSCCH and the PSSCH, included in the PSCCH or the PSSCH, determine a first Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) of a DM-RS (Demodulation-Reference Signal) received through the PSSCH, and perform sidelink communication based on the determined first RSRP. For example, the information on the first transmission power is based on a maximum transmission power and an allowable threshold. 
       FIG. 16  is a flowchart illustrating an operation of a second device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     The operations disclosed in the flowchart of  FIG. 16  may be performed in combination with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In one example, the operations disclosed in the flowchart of  FIG. 16  may be performed based on at least one of the devices illustrated in  FIGS. 17 to 22 . In one example, the second device of  FIG. 16  may correspond to the second wireless device  200  of  FIG. 18  to be described later. In another example, the second device of  FIG. 16  may correspond to the first wireless device  100  of  FIG. 18  to be described later. 
     In step S 1610 , according to an embodiment, a second device may transmit a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) and a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) to a first device. 
     In an embodiment, the PSCCH or the PSSCH may include information on a first transmission power for the PSCCH and the PSSCH. 
     In an embodiment, the information on the first transmission power may be based on a maximum transmission power and an allowable threshold. 
     In an embodiment, a first Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) of a DM-RS (Demodulation-Reference Signal) transmitted through the PSSCH is determined by the first device. 
     In one example, the allowable threshold may correspond to the above-described MAX_ALTH. 
     In an embodiment, the information on the first transmission power may include a field representing whether the first transmission power is equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power—the allowable threshold). In one example, the field may correspond to the above-described POFFSET_FIELD. 
     In an embodiment, the information on the first transmission power may include a first offset for a difference between the maximum transmission power and the first transmission power. 
     In an embodiment, the allowable threshold may be determined based on at least one of a service type, priority, requirements, cast type, or congestion level. 
     In an embodiment, based on the first transmission power being equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power—the allowable threshold), the first RSRP may be determined by adding a second offset to a second RSRP, which is a RSRP measurement value of the DM-RS. In one example, the second offset may correspond to the above-described RP_OFFSET. 
     In an embodiment, the second offset may be determined based on at least one of a service type, priority, requirements, cast type, congestion level, or a distance between a device for which the second RSRP is measured and the first device. 
     In an embodiment, based on the first transmission power being equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power—the allowable threshold), the first RSRP may be determined by adding the first offset to a second RSRP, which is a RSRP measurement value of the DM-RS. 
     In an embodiment, based on the first transmission power being equal to or less than (the maximum transmission power—the allowable threshold), the first RSRP may be determined by adding a second offset determined based on the first offset, to a second RSRP, which is a RSRP measurement value of the DM-RS. 
     In an embodiment, the maximum transmission power may be determined based on a pre-configured Open Loop Power Control (OLPC) parameter. 
     In an embodiment, based on the first transmission power being determined a SL PL (Sidelink PathLoss) measurement value or a DL PL (Downlink PathLoss) measurement value, the PSCCH and the PSSCH may be transmitted from the second device to the first device on a first resource pool. In addition, based on the first transmission power being not determined the SL PL measurement value or the DL PL measurement value, the PSCCH and the PSSCH may be transmitted from the second device to the first device on a second resource pool. In this case, the first resource pool and the second resource pool may not overlap each other. 
     In an embodiment, a time resource period of the first resource pool and a time resource period of the second resource pool may be adjacent to each other. 
     In an embodiment, the method may further include transmitting a PSFCH (Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel) for the PSSCH to the second device. For example, an upper bound of a second transmission power for the PSFCH may be determined based on a maximum DL RSRP related with a resource pool through which the PSCCH and the PSSCH are transmitted. 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the second device may comprise: one or more memories storing instructions; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors connected to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers. For example, the one or more processors may execute the instructions to: transmit, to a first device, a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) and a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH). For example, the PSCCH or the PSSCH include information on a first transmission power for the PSCCH and the PSSCH. For example, the information on the first transmission power is based on a maximum transmission power and an allowable threshold. For example, a first Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) of a DM-RS (Demodulation-Reference Signal) transmitted through the PSSCH is determined by the first device. 
     Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented independently. Alternatively, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in combination with or merged with each other. For example, various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described based on a 3GPP system for convenience of description, but various embodiments of the present disclosure may be extendable to systems other than the 3GPP system. For example, various embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited only to direct communication between terminals, and may be used in uplink or downlink, and in this case, a base station or a relay node may use the method proposed according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, information on whether the method according to various embodiments of the present disclosure is applied may be defined so that the base station informs the terminal or the transmitting terminal informs the receiving terminal through a predefined signal (e.g., a physical layer signal or a higher layer signal). For example, among various embodiments of the present disclosure, some embodiments may be limitedly applied only to resource allocation mode  1 . For example, among various embodiments of the present disclosure, some embodiments may be limitedly applied only to resource allocation mode  2 . 
     Hereinafter, an apparatus to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied will be described. 
     The various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure described in this document may be applied to, without being limited to, a variety of fields requiring wireless communication/connection (e.g., 5G) between devices. 
     Hereinafter, a description will be given in more detail with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings/description, the same reference symbols may denote the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks unless described otherwise. 
       FIG. 17  shows a communication system  1 , in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 17 , a communication system  1  to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes wireless devices, Base Stations (BSs), and a network. Herein, the wireless devices represent devices performing communication using Radio Access Technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G New RAT (NR)) or Long-Term Evolution (LTE)) and may be referred to as communication/radio/5G devices. The wireless devices may include, without being limited to, a robot  100   a , vehicles  100   b - 1  and  100   b - 2 , an eXtended Reality (XR) device  100   c , a hand-held device  100   d , a home appliance  100   e , an Internet of Things (IoT) device  100   f , and an Artificial Intelligence (AI) device/server  400 . For example, the vehicles may include a vehicle having a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing communication between vehicles. Herein, the vehicles may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR)/Virtual Reality (VR)/Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) mounted in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine. The IoT device may include a sensor and a smartmeter. For example, the BSs and the network may be implemented as wireless devices and a specific wireless device  200   a  may operate as a BS/network node with respect to other wireless devices. 
     The wireless devices  100   a  to  100   f  may be connected to the network  300  via the BSs  200 . An AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices  100   a  to  100   f  and the wireless devices  100   a  to  100   f  may be connected to the AI server  400  via the network  300 . The network  300  may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although the wireless devices  100   a  to  100   f  may communicate with each other through the BSs  200 /network  300 , the wireless devices  100   a  to  100   f  may perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without passing through the BSs/network. For example, the vehicles  100   b - 1  and  100   b - 2  may perform direct communication (e.g. Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V)/Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). The IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices  100   a  to  100   f.    
     Wireless communication/connections  150   a ,  150   b , or  150   c  may be established between the wireless devices  100   a  to  100   f /BS  200 , or BS  200 /BS  200 . Herein, the wireless communication/connections may be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink/downlink communication  150   a , sidelink communication  150   b  (or, D2D communication), or inter BS communication (e.g. relay, Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB)). The wireless devices and the BSs/the wireless devices may transmit/receive radio signals to/from each other through the wireless communication/connections  150   a  and  150   b . For example, the wireless communication/connections  150   a  and  150   b  may transmit/receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least a part of various configuration information configuring processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, and resource mapping/demapping), and resource allocating processes, for transmitting/receiving radio signals, may be performed based on the various proposals of the present disclosure. 
       FIG. 18  shows wireless devices, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 18 , a first wireless device  100  and a second wireless device  200  may transmit radio signals through a variety of RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). Herein, {the first wireless device  100  and the second wireless device  200 } may correspond to {the wireless device  100   x  and the BS  200 } and/or {the wireless device  100   x  and the wireless device  100   x } of  FIG. 17 . 
     The first wireless device  100  may include one or more processors  102  and one or more memories  104  and additionally further include one or more transceivers  106  and/or one or more antennas  108 . The processor(s)  102  may control the memory(s)  104  and/or the transceiver(s)  106  and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor(s)  102  may process information within the memory(s)  104  to generate first information/signals and then transmit radio signals including the first information/signals through the transceiver(s)  106 . The processor(s)  102  may receive radio signals including second information/signals through the transceiver  106  and then store information obtained by processing the second information/signals in the memory(s)  104 . The memory(s)  104  may be connected to the processor(s)  102  and may store a variety of information related to operations of the processor(s)  102 . For example, the memory(s)  104  may store software code including commands for performing a part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s)  102  or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Herein, the processor(s)  102  and the memory(s)  104  may be a part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s)  106  may be connected to the processor(s)  102  and transmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas  108 . Each of the transceiver(s)  106  may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver(s)  106  may be interchangeably used with Radio Frequency (RF) unit(s). In the present disclosure, the wireless device may represent a communication modem/circuit/chip. 
     The second wireless device  200  may include one or more processors  202  and one or more memories  204  and additionally further include one or more transceivers  206  and/or one or more antennas  208 . The processor(s)  202  may control the memory(s)  204  and/or the transceiver(s)  206  and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor(s)  202  may process information within the memory(s)  204  to generate third information/signals and then transmit radio signals including the third information/signals through the transceiver(s)  206 . The processor(s)  202  may receive radio signals including fourth information/signals through the transceiver(s)  106  and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information/signals in the memory(s)  204 . The memory(s)  204  may be connected to the processor(s)  202  and may store a variety of information related to operations of the processor(s)  202 . For example, the memory(s)  204  may store software code including commands for performing a part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s)  202  or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Herein, the processor(s)  202  and the memory(s)  204  may be a part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s)  206  may be connected to the processor(s)  202  and transmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas  208 . Each of the transceiver(s)  206  may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver(s)  206  may be interchangeably used with RF unit(s). In the present disclosure, the wireless device may represent a communication modem/circuit/chip. 
     Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices  100  and  200  will be described more specifically. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by, without being limited to, one or more processors  102  and  202 . For example, the one or more processors  102  and  202  may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). The one or more processors  102  and  202  may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more Service Data Unit (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. The one or more processors  102  and  202  may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. The one or more processors  102  and  202  may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document and provide the generated signals to the one or more transceivers  106  and  206 . The one or more processors  102  and  202  may receive the signals (e.g., baseband signals) from the one or more transceivers  106  and  206  and acquire the PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. 
     The one or more processors  102  and  202  may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. The one or more processors  102  and  202  may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors  102  and  202 . The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software and the firmware or software may be configured to include the modules, procedures, or functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be included in the one or more processors  102  and  202  or stored in the one or more memories  104  and  204  so as to be driven by the one or more processors  102  and  202 . The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, commands, and/or a set of commands. 
     The one or more memories  104  and  204  may be connected to the one or more processors  102  and  202  and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and/or commands. The one or more memories  104  and  204  may be configured by Read-Only Memories (ROMs), Random Access Memories (RAMs), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memories (EPROMs), flash memories, hard drives, registers, cash memories, computer-readable storage media, and/or combinations thereof. The one or more memories  104  and  204  may be located at the interior and/or exterior of the one or more processors  102  and  202 . The one or more memories  104  and  204  may be connected to the one or more processors  102  and  202  through various technologies such as wired or wireless connection. 
     The one or more transceivers  106  and  206  may transmit user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the methods and/or operational flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers  106  and  206  may receive user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document, from one or more other devices. For example, the one or more transceivers  106  and  206  may be connected to the one or more processors  102  and  202  and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, the one or more processors  102  and  202  may perform control so that the one or more transceivers  106  and  206  may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. The one or more processors  102  and  202  may perform control so that the one or more transceivers  106  and  206  may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers  106  and  206  may be connected to the one or more antennas  108  and  208  and the one or more transceivers  106  and  206  may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document, through the one or more antennas  108  and  208 . In this document, the one or more antennas may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). The one or more transceivers  106  and  206  may convert received radio signals/channels etc. from RF band signals into baseband signals in order to process received user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. using the one or more processors  102  and  202 . The one or more transceivers  106  and  206  may convert the user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. processed using the one or more processors  102  and  202  from the base band signals into the RF band signals. To this end, the one or more transceivers  106  and  206  may include (analog) oscillators and/or filters. 
       FIG. 19  shows a signal process circuit for a transmission signal, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 19 , a signal processing circuit  1000  may include scramblers  1010 , modulators  1020 , a layer mapper  1030 , a precoder  1040 , resource mappers  1050 , and signal generators  1060 . An operation/function of  FIG. 19  may be performed, without being limited to, the processors  102  and  202  and/or the transceivers  106  and  206  of  FIG. 18 . Hardware elements of  FIG. 19  may be implemented by the processors  102  and  202  and/or the transceivers  106  and  206  of  FIG. 18 . For example, blocks  1010  to  1060  may be implemented by the processors  102  and  202  of  FIG. 18 . Alternatively, the blocks  1010  to  1050  may be implemented by the processors  102  and  202  of  FIG. 18  and the block  1060  may be implemented by the transceivers  106  and  206  of  FIG. 18 . 
     Codewords may be converted into radio signals via the signal processing circuit  1000  of  FIG. 19 . Herein, the codewords are encoded bit sequences of information blocks. The information blocks may include transport blocks (e.g., a UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The radio signals may be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH and a PDSCH). 
     Specifically, the codewords may be converted into scrambled bit sequences by the scramblers  1010 . Scramble sequences used for scrambling may be generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of a wireless device. The scrambled bit sequences may be modulated to modulation symbol sequences by the modulators  1020 . A modulation scheme may include pi/2-Binary Phase Shift Keying (pi/2-BPSK), m-Phase Shift Keying (m-PSK), and m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (m-QAM). Complex modulation symbol sequences may be mapped to one or more transport layers by the layer mapper  1030 . Modulation symbols of each transport layer may be mapped (precoded) to corresponding antenna port(s) by the precoder  1040 . Outputs z of the precoder  1040  may be obtained by multiplying outputs y of the layer mapper  1030  by an N*M precoding matrix W. Herein, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transport layers. The precoder  1040  may perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT) for complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder  1040  may perform precoding without performing transform precoding. 
     The resource mappers  1050  may map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources may include a plurality of symbols (e.g., a CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generators  1060  may generate radio signals from the mapped modulation symbols and the generated radio signals may be transmitted to other devices through each antenna. For this purpose, the signal generators  1060  may include Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) modules, Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserters, Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs), and frequency up-converters. 
     Signal processing procedures for a signal received in the wireless device may be configured in a reverse manner of the signal processing procedures  1010  to  1060  of  FIG. 19 . For example, the wireless devices (e.g.,  100  and  200  of  FIG. 18 ) may receive radio signals from the exterior through the antenna ports/transceivers. The received radio signals may be converted into baseband signals through signal restorers. To this end, the signal restorers may include frequency downlink converters, Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs), CP remover, and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) modules. Next, the baseband signals may be restored to codewords through a resource demapping procedure, a postcoding procedure, a demodulation processor, and a descrambling procedure. The codewords may be restored to original information blocks through decoding. Therefore, a signal processing circuit (not illustrated) for a reception signal may include signal restorers, resource demappers, a postcoder, demodulators, descramblers, and decoders. 
       FIG. 20  shows another example of a wireless device, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms according to a use-case/service (refer to  FIG. 17 ). 
     Referring to  FIG. 20 , wireless devices  100  and  200  may correspond to the wireless devices  100  and  200  of  FIG. 18  and may be configured by various elements, components, units/portions, and/or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices  100  and  200  may include a communication unit  110 , a control unit  120 , a memory unit  130 , and additional components  140 . The communication unit may include a communication circuit  112  and transceiver(s)  114 . For example, the communication circuit  112  may include the one or more processors  102  and  202  and/or the one or more memories  104  and  204  of  FIG. 18 . For example, the transceiver(s)  114  may include the one or more transceivers  106  and  206  and/or the one or more antennas  108  and  208  of  FIG. 18 . The control unit  120  is electrically connected to the communication unit  110 , the memory  130 , and the additional components  140  and controls overall operation of the wireless devices. For example, the control unit  120  may control an electric/mechanical operation of the wireless device based on programs/code/commands/information stored in the memory unit  130 . The control unit  120  may transmit the information stored in the memory unit  130  to the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit  110  through a wireless/wired interface or store, in the memory unit  130 , information received through the wireless/wired interface from the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit  110 . 
     The additional components  140  may be variously configured according to types of wireless devices. For example, the additional components  140  may include at least one of a power unit/battery, input/output (I/O) unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device may be implemented in the form of, without being limited to, the robot ( 100   a  of  FIG. 17 ), the vehicles ( 100   b - 1  and  100   b - 2  of  FIG. 17 ), the XR device ( 100   c  of  FIG. 17 ), the hand-held device ( 100   d  of  FIG. 17 ), the home appliance ( 100   e  of  FIG. 17 ), the IoT device ( 100   f  of  FIG. 17 ), a digital broadcast terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medicine device, a fintech device (or a finance device), a security device, a climate/environment device, the AI server/device ( 400  of  FIG. 17 ), the BSs ( 200  of  FIG. 17 ), a network node, etc. The wireless device may be used in a mobile or fixed place according to a use-example/service. 
     In  FIG. 20 , the entirety of the various elements, components, units/portions, and/or modules in the wireless devices  100  and  200  may be connected to each other through a wired interface or at least a part thereof may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit  110 . For example, in each of the wireless devices  100  and  200 , the control unit  120  and the communication unit  110  may be connected by wire and the control unit  120  and first units (e.g.,  130  and  140 ) may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit  110 . Each element, component, unit/portion, and/or module within the wireless devices  100  and  200  may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit  120  may be configured by a set of one or more processors. As an example, the control unit  120  may be configured by a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphical processing unit, and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory  130  may be configured by a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Dynamic RAM (DRAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM)), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof. 
     Hereinafter, an example of implementing  FIG. 20  will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 
       FIG. 21  shows a hand-held device, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a notebook). The hand-held device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). 
     Referring to  FIG. 21 , a hand-held device  100  may include an antenna unit  108 , a communication unit  110 , a control unit  120 , a memory unit  130 , a power supply unit  140   a , an interface unit  140   b , and an I/O unit  140   c . The antenna unit  108  may be configured as a part of the communication unit  110 . Blocks  110  to  130 / 140   a  to  140   c  correspond to the blocks  110  to  130 / 140  of  FIG. 20 , respectively. 
     The communication unit  110  may transmit and receive signals (e.g., data and control signals) to and from other wireless devices or BSs. The control unit  120  may perform various operations by controlling constituent elements of the hand-held device  100 . The control unit  120  may include an Application Processor (AP). The memory unit  130  may store data/parameters/programs/code/commands needed to drive the hand-held device  100 . The memory unit  130  may store input/output data/information. The power supply unit  140   a  may supply power to the hand-held device  100  and include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit  140   b  may support connection of the hand-held device  100  to other external devices. The interface unit  140   b  may include various ports (e.g., an audio I/O port and a video I/O port) for connection with external devices. The I/O unit  140   c  may input or output video information/signals, audio information/signals, data, and/or information input by a user. The I/O unit  140   c  may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit  140   d , a speaker, and/or a haptic module. 
     As an example, in the case of data communication, the I/O unit  140   c  may acquire information/signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, images, or video) input by a user and the acquired information/signals may be stored in the memory unit  130 . The communication unit  110  may convert the information/signals stored in the memory into radio signals and transmit the converted radio signals to other wireless devices directly or to a BS. The communication unit  110  may receive radio signals from other wireless devices or the BS and then restore the received radio signals into original information/signals. The restored information/signals may be stored in the memory unit  130  and may be output as various types (e.g., text, voice, images, video, or haptic) through the I/O unit  140   c.    
       FIG. 22  shows a vehicle or an autonomous vehicle, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented by a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned/unmanned Aerial Vehicle (AV), a ship, etc. 
     Referring to  FIG. 22 , a vehicle or autonomous vehicle  100  may include an antenna unit  108 , a communication unit  110 , a control unit  120 , a driving unit  140   a , a power supply unit  140   b , a sensor unit  140   c , and an autonomous driving unit  140   d . The antenna unit  108  may be configured as a part of the communication unit  110 . The blocks  110 / 130 / 140   a  to  140   d  correspond to the blocks  110 / 130 / 140  of  FIG. 20 , respectively. 
     The communication unit  110  may transmit and receive signals (e.g., data and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, BSs (e.g., gNBs and road side units), and servers. The control unit  120  may perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle  100 . The control unit  120  may include an Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The driving unit  140   a  may cause the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle  100  to drive on a road. The driving unit  140   a  may include an engine, a motor, a powertrain, a wheel, a brake, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit  140   b  may supply power to the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle  100  and include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit  140   c  may acquire a vehicle state, ambient environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit  140   c  may include an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, a slope sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward/backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illumination sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit  140   d  may implement technology for maintaining a lane on which a vehicle is driving, technology for automatically adjusting speed, such as adaptive cruise control, technology for autonomously driving along a determined path, technology for driving by automatically setting a path if a destination is set, and the like. 
     For example, the communication unit  110  may receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit  140   d  may generate an autonomous driving path and a driving plan from the obtained data. The control unit  120  may control the driving unit  140   a  such that the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle  100  may move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed/direction control). In the middle of autonomous driving, the communication unit  110  may aperiodically/periodically acquire recent traffic information data from the external server and acquire surrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. In the middle of autonomous driving, the sensor unit  140   c  may obtain a vehicle state and/or surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit  140   d  may update the autonomous driving path and the driving plan based on the newly obtained data/information. The communication unit  110  may transfer information about a vehicle position, the autonomous driving path, and/or the driving plan to the external server. The external server may predict traffic information data using AI technology, etc., based on the information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or the autonomous vehicles. 
     The scope of the disclosure may be indicated by the following claims, and it should be construed that all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalent concepts may be included in the scope of the present disclosure. 
     Claims in the present description can be combined in a various way. For instance, technical features in method claims of the present description can be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus, and technical features in apparatus claims can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method. Further, technical features in method claim(s) and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus. Further, technical features in method claim(s) and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method.