Patent Publication Number: US-2016221519-A1

Title: Carbon glass fiber pultrussion bumper beams

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The field to which the disclosure generally relates to includes automotive components including but not limited to materials used in vehicle frames and/or structures. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Some automotive frames or structures may be formed from metal. 
     SUMMARY OF ILLUSTRATIVE VARIATIONS 
     One variation of the invention may include a product which may include a shell and a core. The shell may at least partially overlay the core. Moreover, at least one of the shell or the core may comprise a protruded material. 
     Another variation of the present invention may include a process which may include providing a shell and a core and pultruding at least one of the shell or the core through a bonding agent. At least a portion of the bonding agent may be in contact with the shell or the core. At least a portion of the shell may be positioned over at least a portion of the core. Finally, the core and the shell may be cured in order to form a structural member. The structural member may be an automotive structural element. 
     Another variation of the present invention may include a method of producing a front bumper beam, a rear bumper beam, or a side impact beam which may include first providing a shell and a core. At least one of the shell or the core may be pultruded through a bonding agent. At least a portion of the bonding agent may be in contact with the shell or the core. At least a portion of the shell may be positioned over at least a portion of the core. Finally, the core and the shell may be cured in order to form a structural member. At least one of the shell or the core may include carbon. 
     Other illustrative variations within the scope of the invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while disclosing variations within the scope of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Select examples of variations within the scope of the invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of one variation of a structural member; 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of one variation of the structural member; 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective view of one variation of the structural member; and 
         FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view of one variation of the structural member. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE VARIATIONS 
     The following description of the variations is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the scope of the invention, its application, or uses. 
     Referring now to the variation shown in  FIG. 1 , a structural member  10  may be provided. The structural member  10  may be used in such applications as front or rear bumpers, side impact beam, vehicle frames, beams, springs, or various other structures used in vehicles and additionally may be used in other applications. The structural member  10  may provide a high strength mass ratio in relation to other materials such as steel or other metals. It is contemplated that the structural member  10  may additionally or alternatively provide a spring back effect which may enable the structural member to return to its original shape after an impact. 
     Referring now to the variation illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the structural member  10  may include a core  12 . The core  12  may comprise a plurality of fibers  14 . The fibers  14  may be natural, synthetic, textile or of any other type as known by one of ordinary skill in the art. The fibers  14  may additionally include animal, mineral or vegetable fibers which may include but are not limited to alpaca, angora, byssus, camel hair, cashmere, catgut, chiengora, guanaco, llama, mohair, pashmina, qiviut, rabbit, silk, sinew, spider silk, wool, vicuna, yak, abaca, bagasse, bamboo, coir, cotton, flax, hemp, jute, kapok, kenaf, pina, raffia, ramie, sisal, wood, asbestos, acetate, triacetate, art silk, lyocell rayon, modal rayon, rayon, glass, silica, carbon, basalt, metallic, acrylic aramid, microfiber, modacrylic, nylon, olefin, polyester, polyethylene, spandex, vinylon, vinyon, zylon, saran, carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer, carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic, carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic, carbon nanotube reinforced polymer, fiber reinforced polymer, fiberglass (including E-glass, A-glass, E-CR glass, C-glass, D-glass, R-glass, S-glass or any other type), basalt, aluminum, or maybe an additional fiber as known by one of ordinary skill in the art. It is contemplated that the core  12  may contain any combination of the above list in various concentrations. Additionally, it is contemplated that the components of the fiber  14  may be intermixed. Moreover, additional woven composite filament  16  may also be formed from the above components. 
     It is contemplated that the core  12  or the woven composite filament  16  may be formed as continuous filaments, in continuous mats, or by sheets. Additionally it is contemplated that the core  12  may be formed by an additional formation as known by one of ordinary skill in the art. Moreover, the core  12  maybe formed using various operations including but not limited to a hand lay-up operation, a spray lay-up operation, a pultrusion operation, a chopped strand mat, vacuum bag molding, pressure bag molding, autoclave molding, resin transfer molding, vacuum assisted resin transfer molding, bladder molding, compression molding, mandrel wrapping, wet lay-up, chopper gun, filament winding, melting, staple fiber, continuous filament or other operations as known by one of ordinary skill in the art. 
     Moreover, it is contemplated that the core  12  may be manufactured in a three dimensional orientation or in a two dimensional orientation. The core  12  may additionally include a short-fiber reinforced material or continuous-fiber reinforced material or may include another type of fiber. It is contemplated that the core  12  may be manufactured or woven through knitting, braiding, weaving, stitching, plain weaving, satin weaving, or another weaving method as known by one of ordinary skill in the art. It is additionally contemplated that the core  12  may be manufactured in a different process as known by one of ordinary skill in the art. It is contemplated that the core  12  may have various sizes and shapes including various widths, lengths and/or diameters of fibers as well as the core may have various shapes and sizes including various width, lengths and diameters in its overall dimensions. It is contemplated that at least a portion of the core  12  may be in contact with a bonding agent. The bonding agent may be coated, preimpregnated, or otherwise in contact with at least a portion of the core. 
     Referring now to the variation included in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the structural member  10  may additionally include a shell  20 . The shell may comprise a plurality of fibers  22 . The fibers  22  may be natural, synthetic, textile or any other type as known by one of ordinary skill in the art. Moreover, the fibers  22  may include vegetable, animal or mineral fibers including but not limited to alpaca, angora, byssus, camel hair, cashmere, catgut, chiengora, guanaco, llama, mohair, pashmina, qiviut, rabbit, silk, sinew, spider silk, wool, vicuna, yak, abaca, bagasse, bamboo, coir, cotton, flax, hemp, jute, kapok, kenaf, pina, raffia, ramie, sisal, wood, asbestos, acetate, triacetate, art silk, lyocell rayon, modal rayon, rayon, glass, silica, carbon, basalt, metallic, acrylic aramid, microfiber, modacrylic, nylon, olefin, polyester, polyethylene, spandex, vinylon, vinyon, zylon, saran, carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer, carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic, carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic, carbon nanotube reinforced polymer, fiber reinforced polymer, fiberglass (including E-glass, A-glass, E-CR glass, C-glass, D-glass, R-glass, S-glass or any other type), basalt, aluminum, or maybe an additional fiber as known by one of ordinary skill in the art. The shell  20  may include various combinations of the above fibers  22  in various concentrations. Additionally, the components may be intermixed. Additionally, it is contemplated that additional woven composite filament  24  may be formed from these components. 
     It is contemplated that the shell  20  may be formed by sheets, continuous mats, or as continuous filaments. Additionally, the shell  20  may be formed by any operation including but not limited to a hand layup operation, a spray layup operation, pultrusion operation, a chopped strand mat, vacuum bag molding, pressure bag molding, autoclave molding, resin transfer molding, vacuum assisted resin transfer molding, bladder molding, compression molding, mandrel wrapping, wet layup, chopper gun, filament winding, melting, staple fiber, continuous filament, or any other operation as known by one of ordinary skill in the art. Moreover, the shell may be manufactured in a 2-dimensional orientation or in a 3-dimensional orientation. The shell  20  may additionally include short fiber reinforced materials or continuous fiber reinforced materials or may additionally include any other type of reinforced materials. It is contemplated that the shell  20  may be manufactured or woven through knitting, braiding, weaving, stitching, plain weaving, satin weaving, or another weaving method as known by one of ordinary skill in the art. Moreover, the shell  20  may include various widths, lengths, thicknesses and/or diameters of fibers  22 . Additionally, the shell  20  may be of various widths, lengths, thicknesses or diameters as well as any shape as desired by one of ordinary skill in the art. Additionally, at least a portion of the shell  20  may be preimpregnated, coated, or otherwise in contact with the bonding agent  18 . 
     Referring again to  FIG. 1 , the structural member  10  may include at least one hole  30 . The hole  30  may be machined or may be formed by any other process as known by one of ordinary skill in the art. The hole  30  may be defined as a see through opening on the side or within the structural member  10 . The hole  30  may be of any shape and size including but not limited to circular, half circular, U-shaped, polygonal, triangular or any other shape. 
     It is contemplated that at least one insert may be positioned to be in contact with the hole  30 . The insert may be constructed and arranged to attach the structural member to other components, braces, compartments or features of a vehicle. Additionally it is contemplated that the insert may be used in any other way as known by one of ordinary skill in the art. It is contemplated that the insert may act as a galvanic corrosion isolator to a body attachment point or as a fastener to a body attachment point and may allow for higher torque loading. It is contemplated that the insert may be of any shape and size including but not limited to a circle, half circle, an ellipse, a parabola, a triangle, a polygon, or any other shape. 
     It is contemplated that the insert may be comprised of steel, or other metal, a polymer, a textile, or any other material as known by one of ordinary skill in the art. For example, in one variation the insert may comprise a metal such as titanium, steel, cast iron, alloy steel, stainless steel, platinum, palladium, aluminum, copper, nickel, iron, lead, tin, cobalt, bronze or any other type of metal. In another variation, the insert may comprise a textile which may include an animal textile, a plant textile, or a synthetic textile. It is also contemplated that the insert may comprise a composite material. The composite material may include but is not limited to a fiber reinforced polymer, a thermoplastic composite, a metal matrix composite, a ceramic matrix composite, an organic matrix composite, a fiber reinforced composite, a polyester, a vinyl ester, an epoxy, a phenolic polymer, a polyimide polymer, a polyamide polymer, a polypropylene, PEEK or another type of material. It is also contemplated that the insert may be a pre machined insert may be pre machined through a stamp and roll or may be machined by another process as known by one of ordinary skill in the art. Moreover, the insert may include a bearing, including a plain bearing, a rolling-element bearing, a jewel bearing, a fluid bearing, a magnetic bearing, a flexure bearing, or may be any other type of bearing. In one variation, when the insert may be a plain bearing, the plain bearing may be integral type, bushing type, two-piece type, or any other type of plain bearing as known by one of ordinary skill in the art. 
     Referring again, to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the bonding agent  18  may be held in contact with the core  12 , the shell  20 , or the insert. The contact between the bonding agent  18  and the core  12 , shell  20 , or insert may result in adherence or bonding between the bonding agent  18 , the core  12 , the shell  20 , the insert, or any combination thereof. The bonding agent  18  may comprise urethane resin, vinylester resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, modified phenolic resin or any other type of bonding agent as known by one of ordinary skill in the art. Additionally, the bonding agent  18  may be a reactive bonding agent or a non-reactive bonding agent as desired by one of ordinary skill in the art. 
     The structural member  10  may be produced by various fabrication or manufacturing methods. The structural member  10  may be in a two or three dimensional orientation. The core  12 , the shell  20 , both, or neither may be manufactured or woven through weaving, knitting, braiding, stitching, plain weaving, satin weaving or may be manufactured in another way. In one variation, at least one of a weave, a knit, a braid, a stitch, a plain weave, or a satin weave can be added to the core  12 , to the shell  20 , or to both during manufacturing or fabrication. Additionally, the core  12 , the shell  20 , or both may be orientated at 90 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, or another angle as desired by one of ordinary skill in the art. In at least one variation, fibers  14 ,  22  in the core  12  or the shell  20  or both may be bundled prior to manufacture or may be bundled during manufacture. It is contemplated that the core  12  may be pultruded by a tension roller and additionally may be contacted with the bonding agent  18 . It is also contemplated that the shell  20  may be pultruded by a tension roller and contacted with the bonding agent  18 . It is additionally contemplated that both the core  12  and the shell  20  may be pultruded by a tension roller and additionally contacted with the bonding agent  18 . The core  12 , the shell  20  or both may be held in contact and cured in order to form the structural member  10 . It is contemplated that the shell  20  may at least partially overlay the core  12 . Additionally, it is contemplated that the core  12  and the shell  20  may be held together in contact by the tension roller. 
     In one variation, the core  12  and the shell  20  may be formed from pultrusion. The core  12  and the shell  20  may be pultruded from a molding head. It is contemplated that only one of or both the shell  12  and the core  20  may be pultruded through the molding head. Additionally it is contemplated in one variation that additional woven composite filament fibers may be added to either the core  12  or to the shell  20  or both. It is contemplated that a sweep may be added to the structural member  10  in order to form a desired shape prior to the structural member  10  being completely cured. The sweep may be of any level of degree as desired by one of ordinary skill in the art. Some examples of level of sweep include but are not limited to 90 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees or any other degree as desired by one of ordinary skill in the art. Moreover, a sweep may be added through a curved track. 
     It is contemplated that the structural member  10  may be cut to a desired length in order to fit the desired application. The structural member  10  may be cut, machined, pierced or routered in order to form the desired shape and size of the structural member  10 . Moreover, the at least one hole  30  may be formed in the structural member. It is contemplated that the hole  30  may be machined, cut, pierced or routered into the structural member. It is contemplated that the hole  30  may be located on any surface of the structural member. 
     It is contemplated that the structural member  10  may be finished with various other methods in order to produce a final design. For example, a mold may be tooled in order to form the desired shape or variation of the structural member  10  for its intended purpose. It is contemplated that the structural member  10  may contain a mass weight of approximately 45-50 percent carbon. 
     Referring again to the variation illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the structural member  10  may include at least a front face  40 , a rear face  42 , a top face  44 , and a bottom face  46  along with the core  12 . It is contemplated that the structural member  10  may be comprised of various layers of composite material as described above. It is contemplated that the front face  40  of the structural member  10  may include approximately 8 to 12 layers and may be approximately 1 to 3 millimeters thick. Additionally, it is contemplated that the rear face  42  of the structural member  10  may include 12 to 18 layers of composite material and may include a thickness of approximately 2 to 4 millimeters. Additionally, it is contemplated that the top face  44  of the structural member  10  may include 10 to 14 layers and may have a thickness of 2 to 3 millimeters. Moreover, the bottom face  46  of the structural member  10  may include approximately 12 to 16 layers and may have a thickness of approximately 2.5 to 3 millimeters. Additionally, it is contemplated that the core  12  may be comprised of multiple layers of composite material as described above. It is contemplated that the core  12  may include approximately 8 to 12 layers and may have a thickness of approximately 1.5 to 2.5 millimeters. Moreover, it is contemplated that the material orientation for any of the composite layers including but not limited to the front face  40  of the structural member, the rear face  42  of the structural member, the top face  44  of the structural member, the bottom face  46  of the structural member and/or the core  12  may have a material orientation of −45, 0, 45, or 90 in any combination as desired by one of ordinary skill in the art. 
     The following description of variants is only illustrative of components, elements, acts, product and methods considered to be within the scope of the invention and are not in any way intended to limit such scope by what is specifically disclosed or not expressly set forth. The components, elements, acts, product and methods as described herein may be combined and rearranged other than as expressly described herein and still are considered to be within the scope of the invention. 
     Variation 1 may include a product which may include a shell and a core. The shell may at least partially overlay the core. Additionally, at least one of the shell or the core comprises a pultruded material. 
     Variation 2 may include a product as set forth in variation 1, wherein the product may be one of a front bumper beam, a rear bumper beam or a side impact beam. 
     Variation 3 may include the product as set forth in any of variation 1 to 2, wherein at least one hole may be formed in the product. 
     Variation 4 may include the product as set forth in any of variations 1 to 3, wherein at least one insert may be positioned in contact with the hole. 
     Variation 5 may include the product as set forth in any of variations 1 to 4, wherein the insert may include at least one of serrations, knearling, or an adhesive layer. 
     Variation 6 may include the product as set forth in any of variations 1 to 5, wherein the insert may comprise a metal which may include at least one of stainless steel or titanium. 
     Variation 7 may include the product as set forth in any of variations 1 to 6, wherein the core further comprises a pultruded material comprising glass. 
     Variation 8 may include the product as set forth in any of variations 1 to 7, wherein the shell may further comprise at least one fiber comprising at least one of alpaca, angora, byssus, camel hair, cashmere, catgut, chiengora, guanaco, llama, mohair, pashmina, qiviut, rabbit, silk, sinew, spider silk, wool, vicuna, yak, abaca’, bagasse, bamboo, coir, cotton, flax, hemp, jute, kapok, kenaf, pina, raffia, ramie, sisal, wood, asbestos, acetate, triacetate, art silk, lyocell rayon, modal rayon, rayon, glass, silica, carbon, basalt, metallic, acrylic, aramid, microfiber, modacrylic, nylon, olefin, polyester, polyethylene, spandex, vinylon, vinyon, zylon, saran, carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer, carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic, carbon-fiber reinforced thermoplastic, or carbon nanotube reinforced polymer, fiber reinforced polymer, fiberglass, basalt, or aluminum. 
     Variation 9 may include a process which may include providing a shell and a core along with pultruding at least one of the shell or the core through a bonding agent. At least a portion of the bonding agent may be in contact with the shell or the core. At least a portion of the shell may be positioned over at least a portion of the core. Finally, the core and shell may be cured in order to form a structural member. The structural member may be an automotive structural element. 
     Variation 10 may include the process as set forth in variation 9, wherein the structural member may be one of a front beam, a rear beam, or a side impact beam. 
     Variation 11 may include the process as set forth in any of variations 9 or 10, wherein at least one hole may be formed in the structural member. 
     Variation 12 may include the process as set forth in any of variation 11, wherein at least one insert may be positioned in contact with the hole. 
     Variation 13 may include the process as set forth in any of variations 10 to 12, wherein the insert comprises at least one of serrations, knearling, or an adhesive layer. 
     Variation 14 may include the process as set forth in any of variations 9 to 13, wherein the insert may comprise a metal comprising at least one of stainless steel or titanium. 
     Variation 15 may include a method of producing a front bumper beam, a rear bumper beam, or a side impact beam which may include first providing a shell and a core and then pultruding at least one of the shell or the core through a bonding agent. At least a portion of the bonding agent may be in contact with the shell or the core. At least a portion of the shell may be positioned over at least a portion of the core. Finally, the core and shell may be cured in order to form a structural member, wherein at least one of the shell or the core comprises carbon. 
     Variation 16 may include the process as set forth in variation 15, wherein at least one hole may be formed in the structural member. 
     Variation 17 may include the process as set forth in variation 15 or 16, wherein at least one insert may be positioned to be in contact with the hole. 
     Variation 18 may include the method as set forth in any of variations 15 to 17, wherein the bonding agent may comprise a resin comprising at least one of vinylester resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, or modified phenolic resin. 
     Variation 19 may include the method as set forth in any of variations 15 to 18, wherein the core may further comprise a pultruded material comprising glass. 
     Variation 20 may include the method as set forth in any of variations 15 to 19, wherein the shell may further comprise at least one fiber comprising at least one of alpaca, angora, byssus, camel hair, cashmere, catgut, chiengora, guanaco, llama, mohair, pashmina, qiviut, rabbit, silk, sinew, spider silk, wool, vicuna, yak, abaca’, bagasse, bamboo, coir, cotton, flax, hemp, jute, kapok, kenaf, pina, raffia, ramie, sisal, wood, asbestos, acetate, triacetate, art silk, lyocell rayon, modal rayon, rayon, glass, silica, carbon, basalt, metallic, acrylic, aramid, microfiber, modacrylic, nylon, olefin, polyester, polyethylene, spandex, vinylon, vinyon, zylon, saran, carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer, carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic, carbon-fiber reinforced thermoplastic, or carbon nanotube reinforced polymer, fiber reinforced polymer, fiberglass, basalt, or aluminum. 
     The above description of select variations within the scope of the invention is merely illustrative in nature and, thus, variations or variants thereof are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention.