Patent Publication Number: US-2023163585-A1

Title: Protection circuit and server system

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202111403005.5 filed on Nov. 24, 2021, filed in China National Intellectual Property Administration, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein. 
     FIELD 
     The subject matter herein generally relates to server technology, and particularly to a protection circuit and a server system having the protection circuit. 
     BACKGROUND 
     If operators mistakenly connect a power source of a circuit board of a server when they are installing the server, such as connecting a power connector to different power sources, or misconnecting different power sources, accidents may happen to the circuit board or even to the server system. In order to avoid the aforesaid accidents and protect the server system, improvements in monitoring electrical current from the wrong power source may be needed. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Many aspects of the disclosure can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, the emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the disclosure. Moreover, in the drawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views. 
         FIG.  1    illustrates a schematic view of at least one embodiment of a protection circuit. 
         FIG.  2    is a circuit diagram of at least one embodiment of the protection circuit. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration, where appropriate, reference numerals have been repeated among the different figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. In addition, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments described herein. However, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the related relevant feature being described. Also, the description is not to be considered as limiting the scope of the embodiments described herein. The drawings are not necessarily to scale and the proportions of certain parts have been exaggerated to better illustrate details and features of the present disclosure. 
     The present disclosure, including the accompanying drawings, is illustrated by way of examples and not by way of limitation. Several definitions that apply throughout this disclosure will now be presented. It should be noted that references to “an” or “one” embodiment in this disclosure are not necessarily to the same embodiment, and such references mean “at least one.” 
     Furthermore, the term “module”, as used herein, refers to logic embodied in hardware or firmware, or to a collection of software instructions, written in a programming language, such as Java, C, or assembly. One or more software instructions in the modules can be embedded in firmware, such as in an EPROM. The modules described herein can be implemented as either software and/or hardware modules and can be stored in any type of non-transitory computer-readable medium or another storage device. Some non-limiting examples of non-transitory computer-readable media include CDs, DVDs, BLU-RAY, flash memory, and hard disk drives. The term “comprising” means “including, but not necessarily limited to”; it in detail indicates open-ended inclusion or membership in a so-described combination, group, series, and the like. 
       FIGS.  1  and  2    illustrate at least one embodiment of a protection circuit  1  applied in a server system  100 . The protection circuit  1  compares the power sources in a plurality of power sources connected to the server system  100 , analyzes a compared result, and applies a circuit protection according to an analyzed result, so as to protect the server system  100 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  1   , the server system  100  includes a protection circuit  1  and a mainboard circuit  40  electrically connected to the protection circuit  1 . The mainboard circuit  40  is electrically connected to a power source through the protection circuit  1  and configured to provide power for the server system  100 . The protection circuit  1  is configured to ensure that the mainboard circuit  40  is connected to the correct power source. In at least one embodiment, the mainboard circuit  40  may include necessary electronic components, functional modules, and/or integrated circuits for performing functions of the server system  100 . 
     The protection circuit  1  may include a comparing module  10 , an analyzing module  20 , a protecting module  30 , and an input power source  50 . The input power source  50 , the comparing module  10 , the analyzing module  20 , and the protecting module  30  are electrically connected in that order. 
     The comparing module  10  compares power sources of the input power source  50 . As shown in  FIG.  2   , the input power source  50  includes at least two power sources for providing power supply (such as currents and voltages) for the server system  100 . In at least one embodiment, the at least two power sources include a first power source  11  and a second power source  12 . The first power source  11  may output a first current and a first voltage. The second power source  12  may output a second current and a second voltage. The comparing module  10  includes a comparator  13 . The comparator  13  is electrically connected to the first power source  11  and the second power source  12 . 
     The comparator  13  receives the first current, the first voltage, the second current and the second voltage, determines whether the first current is equal to the second current, and whether the first voltage is equal to the second voltage, so as to determine whether the first power source  11  and the second power source  12  are a same power source. In at least one embodiment, when the output currents of the first power source  11  and the second power source  12  are equal, that is the first current is equal to the second current, and the first voltage is equal to the second voltage, the first power source  11  and the second power source  12  are determined as being the same power source. 
     When the first power source  11  and the second power source  12  are the same power source, the comparator  13  outputs a first signal to the analyzing module  20 . If the first power source  11  and the second power source  12  are not the same, the comparator  13  outputs a second signal to the analyzing module  20 , the second signal is opposite to the first signal. 
     In at least one embodiment, the comparator  13  may be a non-inverting operational comparator. When the first power source  11  and the second power source  12  are the same, the comparator  13  outputs a value of 0. When the first power source  11  and the second power source  12  are not the same, the comparator  13  outputs a value of 1. 
     The analyzing module  20  is configured to analyze a compared result of the comparing module  10 . The analyzing module  20  may include a Complex Programmable logic device (CPLD) chip  21 . The CPLD chip  21  is electrically connected to the comparator  13  and configured to receive the compared result of the comparator  13 . For instance, when the CPLD chip  21  receives the first signal, the CPLD chip  21  outputs a third signal to the protecting module  30 . When the CPLD chip  21  receives the second signal, the CPLD chip  21  outputs a fourth signal, a fifth signal, and a sixth signal to the protecting module  30 . In at least one embodiment, the third signal and the fourth signal may be enable signals, the fifth signal may be an Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) signal, the sixth signal may be a non-enable and alarm signal. 
     The protecting module  30  is configured to apply circuit protecting process according to received signals. Referring to  FIG.  2   , the protecting module  30  includes a first switch  31 , a second switch  32 , a Baseboard Management Controller (BMC)  33 , and an alertor  34 . 
     The first switch  31  and the second switch  32  are electrically connected to the CPLD chip  21 , and configured to switch according to the signals outputted by the CPLD chip  21 . The first switch  31  is further electrically connected to the first power source  11  and the mainboard circuit  40 . When the first switch  31  receives the third signal outputted by the CPLD chip  21 , the first switch  31  switches on to connect the first power source  11  and the mainboard circuit  40 . When the first switch  31  receives the fourth signal outputted by the CPLD chip  21 , the first switch  31  switches to disconnect the first power source  11  and the mainboard circuit  40 . 
     The second switch  32  is further electrically connected to the second power source  12  and the mainboard circuit  40 . When the second switch  32  receives the third signal outputted by the CPLD chip  21 , the second switch  32  switches on to connect the second power source  12  and the mainboard circuit  40 . When the second switch  32  receives the fourth signal outputted by the CPLD chip  21 , the second switch  32  switches to disconnect the second power source  12  and the mainboard circuit  40 . 
     The BMC  33  and the alertor  34  are electrically connected to the CPLD chip  21 . The BMC  33  receives the fifth signal outputted by the CPLD chip  21 . The alertor  34  receives the sixth signal outputted by the CPLD chip  21 . 
     In at least one embodiment, when the BMC  33  receives the fifth signal outputted by the CPLD chip  21 , the BMC  33  may rapidly output alarm information to a BMC website, operators may take notice of the alarm information through the BMC website and resolve any problems. 
     The alertor  34  may include an alarm indicator light. When the alertor  34  receives the sixth signal outputted by the CPLD chip  21 , the alarm indicator light may rapidly switch on to warn the operators as to the power source being misconnected, so the operators may resolve any problems. In other embodiments, the alertor  34  may include a speaker or a notice trigger. When the alertor  34  receives the sixth signal outputted by the CPLD chip  21 , the speaker or the notice trigger may rapidly output a notice audio for the operators to take notice that the power source is misconnected, so the operators may resolve any problems. 
     In at least one embodiment, when the server system  100  is powered on, the protection circuit  1  immediately outputs signals as to the power source. When detecting that the power source is misconnected, the protection circuit  1  applies circuit protecting process very rapidly. 
     The protection circuit  1  identify whether the power source is misconnected, first to compare the connected power sources, then analyze the compared result, last to apply circuit protecting process according to the analyzed result. The whole process is very quick, to provide more reaction time for the operators. 
     It is believed that the present embodiments and their advantages will be understood from the foregoing description, and it will be apparent that various changes may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure or sacrificing all of its material advantages, the examples hereinbefore described merely being embodiments of the present disclosure.