Patent Publication Number: US-2022238304-A1

Title: Reactor, process processing apparatus including the same and method for manufacturing reactor

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0010241 filed on Jan. 25, 2021, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Embodiments of the inventive concept described herein relate to a reactor for a plasma generating apparatus, a process processing apparatus including the same, and a method for manufacturing the reactor. 
     Activated gases using plasma discharging have been widely used in various fields, and have been variously used representatively for semiconductor manufacturing processes, for example, etching, deposition, cleaning, and treatment of process side-products. The plasma used for the semiconductor manufacturing processes may be generated in an interior of a reactor that may endure heat that is generated when the plasma is generated. 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view illustrating an example of a general reactor  1 .  FIG. 2  is a front cross-sectional view of a reactor  1  of  FIG. 1 . In  FIG. 2 , an arrow  2  indicates a path along which a gas and plasma flow. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the conventional reactor  1  may be formed of a quartz material having a heat-resistant property, may have a structure that has a toroid-shaped body  5 , in which an inlet  3 , through which a gas is introduced, is provided on an upper surface thereof and an outlet  4 , through which the gas and/or the plasma is discharged, is provided on a bottom surface thereof. 
     The reactor  1  is generally formed by assembling a plurality of components through welding. The components are formed by cutting a plate of a quartz material, and for convenience of cutting, the reactor  1  having the shape is formed by assembling the components  7  and  8  that is divided with respect to an assembly line  6  formed along an imaginary plane that is parallel to a direction, in which the body  5  surrounds a central portion of the toroid shape. The welding for assembling the components  7  and  8  is performed along the assembly line  6 . 
     However, a plasma loop tends to be inclined to an area that is adjacent to the central portion of the toroid shape in an interior of the reactor  1  according to a property of the plasma of flowing in a shortest path from the inlet  3  to the outlet  4 , and accordingly, an area, in which a density of the plasma is concentrated, overlaps the assembly line  6  whereby an amount of particles due to the plasma reaction increases. 
     SUMMARY 
     Embodiments of the inventive concept provide a reactor that is formed such that an assembly line deviates from an area, in which a density of a plasma loop is concentrated. 
     Embodiments of the inventive concept provide a reactor that may reduce an amount of particles. 
     Embodiments of the inventive concept provide a process processing apparatus that employs the reactor. 
     The inventive concept provides a reactor that has a plasma channel. According to an embodiment, the reactor includes a body, in which a plurality of components are assembled, and that has a plasma forming space in an interior thereof, and an assembly line for the components is formed in an area that deviates from an area that is closest to an area of the plasma forming space of the body, in which plasma is concentrated, by a specific range. 
     The body may have a toroid shape, and the assembly line may be formed in an area that deviates from an inner line that is closest to a central portion of the toroid shape of the body, by a specific range. 
     The component may include an inner ring component including the inner line, and an outer ring component surrounding an outside of the inner ring component. 
     The inner ring component may correspond to an area extending from the inner line of the body to opposite sides along an outer peripheral direction thereof, and may be provided in a range of 20% to 95% of the body with respect to a cross-section obtained by cutting an area, except for an area, in which an inlet and an outlet of the body are formed, in a direction that is perpendicular to a direction, the body surrounds the central portion of the toroid shape. 
     The outer ring component may include a plurality of outer components. 
     The body may have an inlet, through which a gas is introduced into the plasma forming space, and an outlet, through which a fluid is discharged from the plasma forming space to an outside, and the reactor may further include an inlet pipe assembled in an area surrounding the inlet, and an outer pipe assembled in an area surrounding the outlet. 
     The reactor may further include a distribution member configured to distribute the gas introduced through the inlet pipe, and the distribution member may be integrally formed with the inlet pipe. 
     The number of at least one of inlets and outlets may be plural. 
     The body may include a plurality of sub-bodies, the sub-bodies may have toroid shapes, central portions of the toroid shapes are arranged along an imaginary straight line, and a direction, in which the central portion of the toroid shapes of the sub-bodies are surrounded, are provided perpendicularly to the straight line, and the assembly line may be formed in an area that deviates from an inner line that is closest to a central portion of the toroid shape of the body, by a specific range. 
     Further, the inventive concept provides a process processing apparatus. According to an embodiment, a process processing apparatus includes a process chamber configured to treat a substrate, and a plasma treatment apparatus configured to supply plasma to the process chamber, the plasma treatment apparatus includes a reactor formed by assembling a plurality of components, the reactor includes a body having a plasma forming space in an interior thereof, and having an inlet, through which a gas is introduced into the plasma forming space, and an outlet, through which a fluid is discharged from the plasma forming space to an outside, and an assembly line for the components is formed in an area that deviates from an area that is closest to an area of the plasma forming space, in which plasma is concentrated, by a specific range. 
     According to an embodiment, a process processing apparatus includes a process chamber configured to treat a substrate, and an exhaust gas treating part configured to treat an exhaust gas exhausted from the process chamber, the exhaust gas treating part includes a plasma treatment apparatus that generates plasma to burn the exhaust gas, and a collection part that collects foreign substances from a treatment fluid generated in a process of burning the exhaust gas by the plasma treatment apparatus, the plasma treatment apparatus includes a reactor formed by assembling a plurality of components, the reactor includes a body having a plasma forming space in an interior thereof, and having an inlet, through which a gas is introduced into the plasma forming space, and an outlet, through which a fluid is discharged from the plasma forming space to an outside, and an assembly line for the components is formed in an area that deviates from an area that is closest to an area of the plasma forming space, in which plasma is concentrated, by a specific range. 
     Furthermore, the inventive concept provides a method for manufacturing a reactor formed by assembling a plurality of components. According to an embodiment, the reactor includes a body having a plasma forming space in an interior thereof, and having an inlet, through which a gas is introduced into the plasma forming space, and an outlet, through which a fluid is discharged from the plasma forming space to an outside, and an assembly line for the components is formed in an area that deviates from an area that is closest to an area of the plasma forming space, in which plasma is concentrated, by a specific range, and the method includes forming the components by machining a raw material, and assembling the components. 
     The forming of the components may include machining an area of the raw material corresponding to an inner surface of the reactor, and machining an area of the raw material corresponding to an outer surface of the reactor, and the machining of the area of the raw material corresponding to the inner surface of the reactor may be performed before the assembling of the components, and the machining of the area of the raw material corresponding to the outer surface of the reactor may be performed after the assembling of the components. 
     In the assembling of the components, the components may be assembled through welding. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       The above and other objects and features will become apparent from the following description with reference to the following figures, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various figures unless otherwise specified, and wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view illustrating an example of a general reactor  1 ; 
         FIG. 2  is a front cross-sectional view of a reactor  1  of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIGS. 3A to 3C  are schematic views illustrating process processing apparatuses according to embodiments of the inventive concept; 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view illustrating an example of a reactor  2110  of  FIGS. 3A to 3C ; 
         FIG. 5  is a front cross-sectional view of a reactor  2110  of  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional view of a reactor  2110  of  FIG. 4 , viewed in direction AA; 
         FIG. 7  is an exploded perspective view illustrating another example  2110   a  of a reactor of  FIGS. 3A to 3C ; 
         FIG. 8  is a plan view illustrating an example of an inlet pipe  2112   a  of  FIG. 7 ; 
         FIG. 9  is an exploded perspective view illustrating another example  2110   b  of a reactor of  FIGS. 3A to 3C ; 
         FIG. 10  is an perspective view illustrating another example  2110   c  of a reactor of  FIGS. 3A to 3C ; 
         FIGS. 11, 12A, and 12B  are front views schematically illustrating other examples  2100   d ,  2100   e , and  2100   i  of the plasma treatment apparatuses of  FIGS. 3A to 3C ; 
         FIG. 13  is a perspective view illustrating another example  2110   f  of a reactor of  FIGS. 3A to 3C ; 
         FIG. 14  is a perspective view illustrating another example  2110   g  of a reactor of  FIGS. 3A to 3C ; 
         FIG. 15  is a cross-sectional view of a reactor  2110   g  of  FIG. 14 , when viewed in direction BB; 
         FIG. 16  is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example  2110   h  of a reactor of  FIGS. 3A to 3C , when viewed in the same direction as that of  FIG. 15 ; 
         FIG. 17  is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a reactor according to an embodiment of the inventive concept; 
         FIG. 18  is a view schematically illustrating an example of a raw material before machining in a component forming operation of  FIG. 17 ; 
         FIG. 19  is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a raw material, on which an inner area machining operation of  FIG. 17  has been performed; 
         FIG. 20  is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of raw materials coupled to each other to be assembled in an assembling operation of  FIG. 17 ; and 
         FIG. 21  is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example  2110  of a reactor after an outer area machining operation of  FIG. 17  has been performed. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The inventive concept can be variously changed and various forms are possible, and specific embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings and the detailed description thereof in detail. However, the embodiments according to the concept of the inventive concept are intended to limit the specific disclosed forms, and it should be understood that the present inventive concept includes all changes, equivalents, and replacements included in the spirit and technical scope of the inventive concept. 
     Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the inventive concept will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
       FIGS. 3A to 3C  are schematic views illustrating process processing apparatuses  10  according to embodiments of the inventive concept. 
       FIG. 3A  illustrates the process processing apparatus  10  according to an embodiment of the inventive concept, and illustrates that a plasma generating apparatus  2100  is connected in an operation before a process in a process chamber  1000 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 3A , the process processing apparatus  10  according to the embodiment of the inventive concept may include the process chamber  1000 , and the plasma generating apparatus  2100  that provides plasma to the process chamber  1000 . 
     The process chamber  1000  may include a susceptor  1100  for supporting a to-be-treated substrate  20  in an interior thereof. The substrate  20 , for example, may be a silicon wafer substrate for manufacturing a semiconductor device or a glass substrate for manufacturing a liquid crystal display or a plasma display, but kinds thereof are not limited thereto. 
     The plasma generating apparatus  2100  is provided on one side of the process chamber  1000 . An outlet pipe  2113  of the plasma generating apparatus  2100  may be connected to the process chamber  1000 . Accordingly, radical components in the plasma generated by the plasma generating apparatus  2100  are supplied into the process chamber  1000 . The substrate  20  may be variously treated by using radicals provided to the process chamber  1000  by the plasma generating apparatus  2100 , and for example, the process may include at least one of an etching process, an ashing process, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process, and a plasma-enhanced chemical deposition (PECVD) process. Furthermore, the process may be a cleaning process of cleaning an interior of a process chamber in a state, in which the substrate  20  is unloaded. 
     According to an embodiment, the plasma treatment apparatus  2100  may include a reactor  2110 , a transformer  2120 , and a power supply unit (not illustrated). 
     A space, in which a plasma channel is formed, is formed in an interior of the reactor  2110 . The plasma channel in the reactor  2110  has a limited volume, and is surrounded by the reactor  2110 . The plasma channel may include a gas and/or plasma. The reactor  2110  is formed of a material having a heat-resistant property. For example, the reactor  2110  may be formed of a quartz material. 
     The transformer  2120  provides an induced electromotive force for generating plasma in the reactor  2110 . The transformer  2120  may be installed in the reactor  2110 . To achieve this, the transformer  2120  may include a core  2121 . A primary winding coil may be wound on the core  2121 . The core  2121  may be a ferrite core. The core  2121  of the transformer  2120  may be disposed in the reactor  2110  such that a portion of the plasma channel is interlinked. 
     The power supply unit supplies electric power to the winding coil. The electric power supplied by the power supply unit may be RF electric power. The power supply unit may be connected to the winding coil through wirings. The power supply unit may include an RF generator that generates RF electric power, and an RF matcher for impedance matching. 
     When the primary winding coil is driven, the plasma channel in the interior of the reactor  2110  function as a secondary winding to discharge the plasma in the interior of the reactor  2110 . 
     The core  2121  may be installed in a body  2111 , which will be described below. 
     The body  2111  may be provided with an igniter (not illustrated). The igniter is adapted for ignition to generate plasma discharging in the process gas supplied into the interior of the reactor  2110 . In the inventive concept, the ignition is a process that is a cause of an initial collapse of the gas to form the plasma. 
       FIG. 3B  illustrates a process processing apparatus  10  according to another embodiment of the inventive concept, and include the process chamber  1000 , and an exhaust gas treating part  2000  that is connected to the process chamber  1000  and includes a plasma generating apparatus  2100  and a collection part  2200 . 
     The process chamber  1000  may be an ashing chamber that removes a photoresist, may be a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) chamber that is configured to deposition an insulation film, and may be an ashing chamber for forming various insulation film structures and metal wiring structures. Furthermore, the process chamber  1000  may be a PVD chamber for depositing an insulation film, a metal film, or the like. 
     The plasma generating apparatus  2100  is used to burn or purify harmful substances in the exhaust gas by applying plasma energy and/or a purification gas to the exhaust gas of the process chamber (not illustrated). To achieve this, an inlet pipe  2112  of the plasma generating apparatus  2100  is connected to an outlet of the process chamber. To achieve this, the inlet pipe  2112  of the plasma generating apparatus  10  may have a size corresponding to a diameter of the outlet of the process chamber. 
     The collection part  2200  is connected to an opposite side of the plasma generating apparatus  2100 , that is, the outlet pipe  2113  of the plasma generating apparatus  10 . The outlet pipe  2113  of the plasma generating apparatus  10  may have a size corresponding to a diameter of an exhaust pipe. In the present embodiment, the sizes of the inlet pipe  2112  and the outlet pipe  2113  may have relatively large diameters such that the exhaust gas and a result substance after the reaction may easily flow. 
     When foreign substances in the form of particles are formed by burning or purifying harmful substances due to a reaction such as an oxidation as the exhaust gas receives plasma energy, the collection part  2200  collects the foreign substances. A discharge pump (not illustrated) that discharges the exhaust, after the foreign substances in the form of particles are collected in the collection part  2200 , to an outside may be installed on one side of the collection part  2200 . 
     The exhaust gas is generated while a process proceeds, and a kind thereof is not limited. The exhaust gas, for example, may be perfluorocompounds (PFCs). 
     In an embodiment of the inventive concept, a controller that controls the process chamber  1000  and/or the plasma generating apparatus  2100  may be connected to the plasma generating apparatus  2100 . The controller is an element for controlling the process chamber  1000  and the plasma generating apparatus  2100  as a whole. The controller is connected to a power supply source to control electric power supplied to the plasma chamber. The control may be a control of operations of the plasma chamber and the process chamber  1000  by generating a control signal for controlling the plasma generating apparatus  2100 . For example, the reactor  2110  may be provided with a measurement sensor for measuring a plasma state, and the controller controls a voltage and a current of a wireless frequency by comparing a measured value and a reference value that is a reference for a normal operation to control the power supply source. 
       FIG. 3C  illustrates the process processing apparatus  10  according to another embodiment of the inventive concept, and illustrates that the plasma generating apparatus  2100  is connected in an operation after a process in the process chamber  1000 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 3C , the process processing apparatus  10  according to the another embodiment of the inventive concept includes the process chamber  1000 , and the exhaust gas treating part  2000  that is connected to the process chamber  1000  and includes the plasma generating apparatus  2100  and the collection part  2200 . Here, an exhaust pipe is connected between the process chamber  1000  and the collection part  2200 , and the plasma generating apparatus  2100  is connected to the exhaust pipe. 
     In the present embodiment, the exhaust gas is discharged through the process chamber  1000 , through the exhaust pipe, and the harmful substances of the exhaust gas are burned or purified by applying plasma energy and/or a purification gas to the exhaust gas through the plasma generating apparatus  2100 . The embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 3C  is not significantly different from that in  FIG. 3B , and is different in that the plasma source is provided in a remote control. 
     Although not illustrates separately in  FIG. 3C , a mixing chamber, in which the exhaust gas exhausted from the process chamber  1000  and the plasma radicals supplied from the plasma apparatus  10  are mixed, may be further provided between the exhaust pipe and the plasma generating apparatus  2100 . The plasma generating apparatus  2100  may form the radicals by using the plasma, and the radicals may be supplied into the mixing chamber to react with the exhaust gas exhausted from the process chamber  1000  to decompose the exhaust gas. The decomposed exhaust gas results may be decomposed into final results such as powder, and the final results may be collected by the collection part  2200 . 
     Furthermore, as in the case of  FIG. 3A , in the cases of  FIGS. 3B and 3C , the plasma generating apparatus  2100  according to the embodiments of the inventive concept also may be provided as a configuration of supplying plasma radicals to the process chamber  1000 . 
       FIG. 4  is a perspective view illustrating an example of the reactor  2110  of  FIGS. 3A to 3C .  FIG. 5  is an exploded perspective view of the reactor  2110  of  FIG. 2110 . Referring to  FIGS. 4 and 5 , the reactor  2100  may be formed by assembling a plurality of components  2101  and  2102 . According to an embodiment, the reactor  2110  may include the body  2111 , the inlet pipe  2112 , and the outlet pipe  2113 . 
     The reactor  2110  is a container or a part of the container that includes gas and/or plasma to ignite and/or continue the plasma. 
     The reactor  2110  may be completely formed of one or more insulation materials, or may be formed of both of a conductive material (for example, a metal such as aluminum, copper, nickel, and iron, or a coated metal such as anodized aluminum or nickel-coated aluminum), and an insulation material (for example, quartz, sapphire, alumina, an aluminum nitride, or a ceramic material). 
     When the reactor  2110  is formed of only an insulation material, an electrical continuity around the reactor  2110  is destructed whereby at least one insulation zone, from which a portion of the reactor is electrically isolated, may not be included. 
     In some embodiments of the inventive concept, the reactor  2110  may not only help cooling of an insulation material but also may be surrounded by a cooling jacket that functions as a primary winding, and electric fields and currents arranged in the channel may be induced by a magnetic core coupled to the primary coil of the transformer. The plasma in the channel of the reactor  2110  finishes the secondary circuit of the transformer  2120 . 
     Here, the channel may have a limited volume, and is surrounded by the reactor  2110 . The channel may include a gas and/or plasma, and a space, in which the channel is provided, may be connected to one or more inlet pipes and one or more outlet pipes of the reactor to receive or feed gas species and plasma species. 
     Furthermore, the reactor  2110  may provide toroid-shaped plasma, and may have a circular doughnut shape having a square cross-section. Another reactor  2110  that provides toroid-shaped plasma has various shapes. The shape, for example, may include any one of all following shapes. That is, the shape of the reactor may have an elliptical doughnut shape, a square doughnut shape, and a polygonal doughnut shape, and for example, may have a circular cross-section or an elliptical cross-section. 
     The body  2111  is provided with a plasma forming space  2103 , in which the plasma is formed. The body  2111  has an inlet  2104  and an outlet  2105 . The gas is introduced into the plasma forming space  2103  through the inlet  2104 . Through the outlet  2105 , the fluid in the plasma forming space  2103  is discharged to the outside. According to an embodiment, a source gas or an exhaust gas introduced through the inlet  2104  may be converted into plasma in the plasma forming space  2103 , and the plasma formed in the plasma forming space  2103  is discharged though the outlet  2105 . The inlet pipe  2112 , through which the source gas or the exhaust gas is supplied, may be connected to the inlet  2104 , and the outlet pipe  2113  connected to the process chamber or the collection part may be connected to the outlet  2105 . 
     The plasma forming space  2103  is a layer that endures erosion due to strong ions or active neutral species, and an interior of the plasma forming space  2103  may be coated. The internal coating may provide a low recoupling rate of plasma substances. For example, a silicon nitride, a silicon dioxide, an aluminum oxide, an aluminum nitride, diamond, and a polymer material may be applied as a material for the internal coating. 
     An assembly line  2106  for the components  2101  and  2102  is formed in an area that deviates from an area that is closest to an area of the plasma forming space  2103  of the body  2111 , in which plasma is concentrated, by a specific range. The area of the plasma forming space  2103 , in which the plasma is concentrated, refers to an area that has a relatively high density of the plasma as compared with the other areas of the plasma forming space  2103 . The area of the plasma forming space  2103 , in which the plasma is concentrated, may be predicted through a simulation or may be measured through an observation during an experiment or performance of a process. 
     According to an embodiment, the body  2111  may have a toroid shape. In this case, the assembly line  2106  may be formed in an area that deviates from an inner line obtained by connecting locations that are closest to a central portion to the toroid shape according to a direction, in which the central portion of the toroid shape of the body  2111  is surrounded, by a specific range. For example, when the body  2111  has the toroid shape, the components may include an inner ring component  2101  and an outer ring component  2102 . 
     The inner ring component  2101  may be a component corresponding to an area including the inner line of the reactor  2110 . For example, the inner ring component  2101  may correspond to an area that extends from the inner line of the body  2111  to opposite sides along a circumferential direction thereof. Accordingly, as illustrated in  FIGS. 4 and 5 , when the reactor  2110  has a toroid shape, the inner ring component  2101  may have a ring shape corresponding to an inner area of the reactor  2110 . 
     The outer ring component  2102  may be a component corresponding to an area including an outer side of the inner ring component  2101  of the reactor  2110 . According to an embodiment, the inlet pipe  2112  and the outlet pipe  2113  may be integrally formed with the outer ring component  2102 . Accordingly, as illustrated in  FIGS. 4 and 5 , when the reactor  2110  has the toroid shape, the outer ring component  2102  may have a ring shape corresponding to an outer area of the reactor  2110 . 
       FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional view of the reactor  2110  of  FIG. 4 , viewed in direction AA. Referring to  FIG. 6 , according to an embodiment, when the body  2111  has the toroid shape, the inner ring component  2101  may be provided in a range of 20% to95% of the body with respect to a cross-section obtained by cutting an area, except for an area, in which the inlet  2104  and the outlet  2105  of the body  2111  are formed, in a direction that is perpendicular to a direction, and the outer ring component  2102  may occupy the other ranges. Then, the assembly line  2106  is located to deviate from an end area of the body  2111 , which faces the central portion of the toroid shape. 
     For example, the inner ring component  2101  preferably occupies an area of 50% of the body  2111  with respect to a cross-section obtained by cutting the central portion of the toroid shape in the direction that is perpendicular to the direction, in which the central portion of the toroid is surrounded, and the assembly line  2106  may be formed at locations that are spaced apart from an end of the toroid shape, which faces the central portion of the toroid shape, to opposite sides, by 90 degrees. 
     In this way, because the plasma loop tends to be inclined to an area of the interior of the reactor  2110 , which is adjacent to the central portion of the toroid shape, according to a property of the plasma of moving in a shortest path from the inlet  2104  to the outlet  2105  when the body  2111  has the toroid shape, the assembly line  2106  of the components  2101  and  2102  may deviate from an area having a relatively high density of the plasma by constituting the components  2101  and  2102  that form the reactor  2110 . Accordingly, an amount of particles that may be generated in the assembly line  2106  through the plasma reaction may be minimized. 
       FIG. 7  is an exploded perspective view illustrating another example  2110   a  of a reactor of  FIGS. 3A to 3C . 
     Referring to  FIG. 7 , an inlet pipe  2112   a  and an outlet pipe  2113   a  may be manufactured as separate components and be assembled in a body  2111   a . For example, the inlet pipe  2112   a  may be assembled in an area that surrounds an inlet  2104   a  of the body  2111   a . Furthermore, the outlet pipe  2113   a  may be assembled in an area that surrounds an outlet  2105   a  of the body  2111   a.    
     The other configurations, structures, and functions of the reactor  2110   a  according to the present embodiment may be the same as or similar to those of the reactor  2110  of  FIG. 4 . Accordingly, the assembly line of the components  2101   a ,  2102   a ,  2112   a , and  2113   a  of the reactor  2110   a  also may deviate from an area that is adjacent to the central portion of the toroid shape, which has a relatively high density of the plasma. 
       FIG. 8  is a plan view illustrating an example of the inlet pipe  2112   a  of  FIG. 7 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 8 , the inlet pipe  2112   a  may further include a distribution member  2114 . The distribution member  2114  also may be provided to the outlet pipe  2113   a . However, only a case, in which the distribution member  2114  is provided to the inlet pipe  2112   a , will be discussed here for convenience&#39; sake. 
     The distribution member  2114  distributes the gas introduced through the inlet pipe  2112   a . According to an embodiment, the distribution member  2114  may be provided to block an interior of the inlet pipe  2112   a , and may have a plate shape having a plurality of distribution holes  2115  that pass through an upper surface and a bottom surface thereof. The distribution holes  2115  may be distributed uniformly over an entire area of the distribution member  2114 , or may be unevenly distributed according to necessities. 
     According to the present embodiment, the distribution member  2114  may be integrally formed with the inlet pipe  2112   a . That is, the distribution member  2114  and the inlet pipe  2112   a  may be machined and manufactured while being integrally maintained with one raw material. Unlike this, the distribution member  2114  may be assembled in the interior of the inlet pipe  2112   a  after being manufactured separately from the inlet pipe  2112   a  through machining. The distribution member  2114  may be assembled in the inlet pipe  2112   a  though a welding scheme that is the same as the welding scheme used in assembling other components of the reactor  2110   a . Unlike this, selectively, the distribution member  2114  may not be provided to the reactor  2110   a . That is, the inlet pipe  2112   a  or the outlet pipe  2113   a  may be in a completely opened state, in which the distribution member  2114  is not provided. 
       FIG. 9  is an exploded perspective view illustrating another example  2110   b  of a reactor of  FIGS. 3A to 3C . 
     Referring to  FIG. 9 , the outer ring component  2102   b  may include a plurality of outer components  211  and  212 . According to an embodiment, the outer components  211  and  212  may be assembled to form the outer ring component  2102   b . For example, the outer ring component  2102   b  may include the outer component  211  corresponding to one side of an inlet  2104   b  and an outlet  2105   b , and the outer component  212  corresponding to an opposite side thereof. Unlike this, the number of the outer components that constitute the outer ring component  2102   b  and areas occupied by the outer components may be variously determined according to a raw material and a machining condition. 
     The other configurations, structures, and functions of the reactor  2110   b  according to the present embodiment may be the same as or similar to those of the reactor  2110   a  of  FIG. 7 . Accordingly, the assembly line of the components  2101   b ,  211 ,  212 ,  2112   b , and  2113   b  of the reactor  2110   b  also may deviate from an area that is adjacent to the central portion of the toroid shape, which has a relatively high density of the plasma. 
       FIG. 10  is a perspective view illustrating another example  2110   c  of a reactor of  FIGS. 3A to 3C . 
     Referring to  FIG. 10 , a core coupling recess  213  may be formed on an outer surface of the reactor  2110   c . A core ( 2121  of  FIGS. 3A to 3C ) of a transformer ( 2120  of  FIGS. 3A to 3C ) is coupled to the core coupling recess  213 . The core coupling recess  213  may be formed on the outer surface of a body  2111   c  to be recessed inwards. According to an embodiment, when a plurality of cores ( 2121  of  FIGS. 3A to 3   c ) may be installed in the body  2111   c  to be spaced apart from each other along a direction, in which the central portion of the toroid shape is surrounded, when a front surface of the reactor  2110   c  is viewed. For example, the cores  2121  may be installed on a right upper side, a left upper side, a right lower side, and a left lower side of the body  2111   c , respectively, to be interlinked when the reactor  2110   c  is viewed from the front side. Accordingly, the core coupling recesses  213  also may have a structure that is recessed inwards along a direction, in which the body  2111   c  is interlinked, may be provided at a location, at which the core  2121  of the outer surface of the body  2111   c  is installed, such that inner surfaces of the cores  2121  may be engaged with the core coupling recesses  213 . As described above, the cores  2121  may be coupled to the reactor  2110   c  more stably as the cores  2121  are engaged with the core coupling recesses  213 . 
     The other configurations, structures, and functions of the reactor  2110   c  according to the present embodiment may be the same as or similar to those of the reactor  2110 ,  2110   a , and  2110   b  of  FIGS. 4, 7, and 9 . Accordingly, the assembly line of the components of the reactor  2110   c  also may deviate from an area that is adjacent to the central portion of the toroid shape, which has a relatively high density of the plasma. 
       FIGS. 11, 12A, and 12B  are front views schematically illustrating other examples  2100   d ,  2100   e , and  2100   i  of the plasma treatment apparatuses of  FIGS. 3A to 3C . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 11 and 12   a , the reactor  2110   d  and  2110   e  may have various shapes according to necessities. For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 11 , a body  2111   d  of the reactor  2110   d  may have a rectangular toroid shape. In this case, the body  2111   d  may have a rectangular toroid shape, a transverse direction of which is longer as in  FIG. 11 , or may have a rectangular toroid shape, a longitudinal direction of which is longer as in  FIG. 12B . Unlike this, as illustrated in  FIG. 12A , a body  2111   e  of the reactor  2110   e  may have a hexagonal toroid shape. Furthermore, in addition, the reactor may have various shapes, for example, an elliptical toroid shape, a longitudinal direction of which is longer than a transverse direction thereof or an elliptical toroid shape, a transverse direction of which is longer than a longitudinal direction thereof 
     Furthermore, selectively, the cores  2121  may be installed at various locations of the body  2111   d  and  2111   e  according to the shapes of the bodies  2111   d  and  2111   e  of the reactors  2110   d  and  2110   e . For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 11 , when the reactor  2110   d  has a polygonal toroid shape, a plurality of cores may be arranged in a row along edges of the polygonal shape in an area corresponding to one edge other than edges of the polygonal shape, to which the inlet pipe or the outlet pipe is connected, and an area corresponding to another edge. Unlike this, as illustrated in  FIG. 12A , when the reactor  2110   e  has a polygonal toroid shape, the cores  2121  may be installed at some or all of the edges other than the edges of the polygonal shape, to which the inlet pipe or the outlet pipe is connected, respectively. 
     The core coupling recesses  213  formed in the bodies  2111   d  and  2111   e  of the reactors  2110   d  and  2110   e  also may be formed at different locations according to the locations of the cores  2121  according to necessities. Unlike this, the core coupling recess  213  is not formed as illustrated in the drawings, and the core  2121  may be coupled to the reactors  2110   d  and  2110   e  by other structures or configurations. 
     Referring to  FIG. 12B , unlike the above-described embodiments, in which the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are arranged along an imaginary vertical line that is a reference for dividing the body of the toroid shape such that opposite sides of the body are line-symmetrical to each other, in the reactor  2110   i  according to the present embodiment, an inlet pipe  2112   i  and an outlet pipe  2113   i  may be provided to be located at locations that deviate from an imaginary vertical line that is a reference for dividing a body  2111   i  such that the opposite sides of the body  2111   i  are line-symmetrical to each other. For example, the inlet pipe  2112   i  and the outlet pipe  2113   i  may be provided to be inclined in opposite directions from an imaginary vertical line that is a reference for dividing the body  2111   i  such that the opposite sides of the body  2111   i  are line-symmetrical to each other. 
     The other configurations, structures, and functions of the reactors  2110   d ,  2110   e , and  2110   i  according to the present embodiments may be the same as or similar to those of the reactor  2110   c  of  FIG. 10 . Accordingly, the assembly line of the components of the reactors  2110   d ,  2110   e , and  2110   i  also may deviate from an area that is adjacent to the central portion of the toroid shape, which has a relatively high density of the plasma. 
       FIG. 13  is a perspective view illustrating another example  2110   f  of a reactor of  FIGS. 3A to 3C . 
     Referring to  FIG. 13 , a plurality of inlets  2104   f  and/or a plurality of outlets  2105   f  may be provided in one body  2111   f  When the plurality of inlets  2104   f  and the plurality of outlets  2105   f  are provided, a plurality of inlet pipes  2112   f  and/or a plurality of outlet pipes  2113   f  may be provided in correspondence. Although  FIG. 13  illustrates the reactor  2110   f  provided with one inlet  2104   f  and two outlets  2105   f , the reactor  2110   f  may be provided selectively with a plurality of inlets  2104   f  and one outlet  2105   f  or a plurality of inlets  2104   f  and a plurality of outlets  2105   f  according to necessities. The inlet pipes  2112   f  may be connected to different apparatuses or may be connected to branched pipes of the same apparatus according to necessities. Furthermore, the outlet pipes  2113   f  may be connected to different apparatuses or may be connected to branched pipes of the same apparatus according to necessities. 
     The other configurations, structures, and functions of the reactor  2110   f  according to the present embodiment may be the same as or similar to those of the reactor  2110 ,  2110   a ,  2110   b , and  2110   c  of  FIGS. 3A to 3C, 7, 9, and 10 . Accordingly, an assembly line  2106   f  of the components of the reactor  2110   f  also may deviate from an area that is adjacent to the central portion of the toroid shape, which has a relatively high density of the plasma. 
       FIG. 14  is a perspective view illustrating another example  2110   g  of a reactor of  FIGS. 3A to 3C .  FIG. 15  is a cross-sectional view of a reactor  2110   g  of  FIG. 14 , when viewed in direction BB. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 14 and 15 , a body  2111   g  may include sub-bodies  214  and  215 . According to an embodiment, the sub-bodies  214  and  215  may have a toroid shape. Then, the central portions of the toroid shapes of the sub-bodies  214  and  215  are arranged along an imaginary straight line, and a direction, in which the central portions of the toroid shapes of the sub-bodies  214  and  215  are surrounded, may be perpendicular to the straight line. In this case, as in the above-described embodiments, an assembly line  2106   g  also is formed in an area that deviates from an inner line that is closest to the central portions of the toroid shapes of the sub-bodies  214  and  215  by a specific range. 
     For example, the reactor  2110   g  of  FIGS. 14 and 15  may be formed by combining an inner ring component  2101   g  and an outer ring component  2102   g  similarly to the reactor  2110  of  FIG. 4 , and an inlet pipe  2112   g  and an outlet pipe  2113   g  may be integrally formed with the outer ring component  2102   g.    
     Unlike this, the body  2111   g  of the reactor  2110   g  of  FIGS. 14 and 15  may be formed by combining an inner ring component  2101   g  and an outer ring component  2102   g  similarly to the reactor  2110   a  of  FIG. 7 , and the inlet pipe  2112   g  and the outlet pipe  2113   g  may be assembled in the body  2111   g  after being manufactured separately. 
     Unlike this, the reactor  2110   g  of  FIGS. 14 and 15  may be formed by combining a plurality of outer components, of which the outer ring components  2102   g  are separately manufactured, similarly to the reactor  2110   b  of  FIG. 9 . 
     Accordingly, the assembly line  2106   g  of the components of the reactor  2110   g  also may deviate from an area that is adjacent to the central portion of the toroid shape, which has a relatively high density of the plasma. 
     According to the present embodiment, the inlet pipe  2112   g  and the outlet pipe  2113   g  may be connected to the inlet and the outlet formed for the sub-bodies  214  and  215 , respectively. The inlet pipes  2112   g  may be connected to different apparatuses or may be connected to branched pipes of the same apparatus according to necessities. Furthermore, the outlet pipes  2113   g  may be connected to different apparatuses or may be connected to branched pipes of the same apparatus according to necessities. As illustrated in  FIG. 15 , surfaces of the sub-bodies  214  and  215 , which face each other, may be opened such that a plasma forming spaces  2103   g  are communicated with each other. 
       FIG. 16  is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example  2110   h  of a reactor of 
       FIGS. 3A to 3C , when viewed in the same direction as that of  FIG. 15 . Referring to  FIG. 16 , unlike the reactor  2110   g  of  FIG. 15 , a reactor  2110   h  may be configured such that plasma forming spaces  2103   h  therein are separated by facing surfaces. 
     The other configurations, structures, and functions of the reactor  2110   h  according to the present embodiment may be the same as or similar to those of the reactor  2110   g  of  FIG. 14 . 
     Accordingly, an assembly line  2106 h of the components of the reactor  2110   h  also may deviate from an area that is adjacent to the central portion of the toroid shape, which has a relatively high density of the plasma. 
     Hereinafter, a method for manufacturing a reactor according to an embodiment of the inventive concept will be described. The method for manufacturing the reactor according to the embodiment of the inventive concept is a method for manufacturing a reactor that is formed by assembling a plurality of components. Although it has been mainly described in the specification that the reactor  2110  of  FIG. 4  is manufactured, the method for manufacturing the reactor according to the present embodiment may be applied to all the reactors  2110 ,  2110   a ,  2110   b ,  2110   c ,  2110   d ,  2110   e ,  2110   f ,  2110   g , and  2110   h.    
       FIG. 17  is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a reactor according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. 
     Referring to  FIG. 17 , the method for manufacturing the reactor may include component forming operations S 110  and S 130 , an assembling operation S 120 , a polishing operation S 140 , a size and shape inspecting operation S 150 , a stress eliminating operation S 160 , a local stress inspecting operation S 170 , a cleaning operation S 180 , and a thermal spray coating operation S 190 . 
       FIG. 18  is a view schematically illustrating an example of raw material  2001  and  2002  before machining in the component forming operations S 110  and S 130  of  FIG. 17 . Referring to  FIGS. 4, 17, and 18 , in the component forming operations S 110  and S 130 , the components  2101  and  2102  that constitute the reactor  2110  are formed to have shapes of corresponding areas of the reactor  2110  by machining the raw materials  2001  and  2002 . For example, in the component forming operations S 110  and S 130 , the raw materials  2001  and  2002  may be machined through a polishing process. 
     According to an embodiment, the raw materials corresponding to the components  2101  and  2102  may be provided separately. The raw materials  2001  and  2002  may have plate shapes having suitable thicknesses and widths to be machined to the shapes of the corresponding components  2101  and  2102 . For example, the raw material  2001  corresponding to the inner ring component  2101  may have a plate shape having a thickness and a width that are suitable for machining of the inner ring component  2101 , and the raw material  2002  corresponding to the outer ring component  2102  may have a plate shape having a thickness and a width that are suitable for machining of the outer ring component  2102 , in which the inlet pipe  2112  and the outlet pipe  2113  are integrally formed. Unlike this, when the reactor according to the other embodiments than the reactor  2110  of  FIG. 4  is manufactured by using the method for manufacturing the reactor according to the present embodiment, the raw materials of the plate shapes having the thicknesses and widths corresponding to the components that constitute the reactor may be provided. 
     The raw materials  2001  and  2002  may be formed of a material having a heat-resistant property. For example, the raw materials  2001  and  2002  may be formed of a quartz material. The component forming operations S 110  and S 130  may include an inner area machining operation S 110  and an outer area machining operation S 130 . 
       FIG. 19  is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of raw material  2001   a  and  2002   a , on which the inner area machining operation S 110  of  FIG. 17  has been performed. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 4, 17, and 19 , the inner area machining operation S 110  may be performed before the assembling operation S 120 . In the inner area machining operation S 110 , areas of the raw materials  2001  and  2002  corresponding to the inner surface of the reactor  2110  are machined. Then, outer corners of border surfaces of the raw materials  2001  and  2002 , which contact the other components to form assembly lines  2106 , may be machined such that they are inclined in a direction that is opposite to a direction, which the border surfaces face, as they go outwards. Accordingly, in the assembling operation S 120 , which will be described below, a welding operation may be performed more easily along a groove formed by the border surfaces of the facing components. 
     According to an embodiment, in the inner area machining operation S 110 , the raw material  2001  machined to the inner ring component  2101  may correspond to the inner ring component  2101 , and an outer peripheral surface thereof may be grinded to a ring shape that is recessed concavely to form a portion of the plasma forming space  2103 . According to the present embodiment, an area corresponding to the central portion of the toroid shape of the raw material  2001  machined to the inner ring component  2101  may be grinded such that opposite surfaces thereof are passed through for easier machining in the outer area machining operation S 130  later. 
     Furthermore, in the outer area machining operation  5130 , the raw material  2002  machined to the outer ring component  2102  may correspond to the outer ring component  2102 , and an inner peripheral surface thereof may be grinded to a ring shape that is recessed concavely to form a portion of the plasma forming space  2103 . The areas corresponding to the interiors of the inlet pipe  2112  and the outlet pipe  2113  also may be machined through grinding in the inner area machining area S 110 . 
     A fire polishing operation  5111  may be performed on the raw materials  2001   a  and  2002   a , on which the inner area machining operation S 110  has been performed. 
       FIG. 20  is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of raw materials  2001   a  and  2002   a  coupled to each other to be assembled in the assembling operation S 120  of  FIG. 17 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 20 , in the assembling operation  5120 , the components  2001   a  and  2002   a  are assembled. According to an embodiment, in the assembling operation S 120 , in a state, in which the raw materials  2001   a  and  2002   a , on which the inner area machining operation  5110  has been performed, contact each other, they are assembled through welding of 2,500° C. or more using a torch using a mixture gas  02  and hydrogen H 2  and a quartz welding rod. The welding is performed along an inclined surface formed at an outer corner of a border surface of the raw materials  2001   a  and  2002   a , that is, along an assembly line. In the assembling operation  5120 , the components that constitutes the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe, and the outer ring component when the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are separately machined from the outer ring component or when the outer ring component is separately machined and assembled also may be assembled in the same method as the above-described method. 
     A fire polishing operation  5121  may be performed on the raw materials  2001   a  and  2002   a , on which the assembling operation S 120  has been performed. 
       FIG. 21  is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example  2110  of a reactor after the outer area machining operation S 130  of  FIG. 17  has been performed. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 17, 20, and 21 , the outer area machining operation S 130  may be performed after the assembly operation S 120 . In the outer area machining operation S 130 , areas of the raw materials  2001   a  and  2002   a , on which the assembling operation S 120  has been performed, corresponding to the outer surface of the reactor  2110  are machined. According to an embodiment, the outer surfaces of the raw materials  2001   a  and  2002   a , on which the assembling operation S 120  has been performed such that they are assembled, are grinded to be machined to have the shape of the reactor  2110 . The areas corresponding to the exteriors of the inlet pipe  2112  and the outlet pipe  2113  also may be machined through grinding in the outer area machining area S 130 . 
     A fire polishing operation S 131  may be performed on the reactor  2110 , on which the outer area machining operation S 130  has been performed. 
     The polishing operation S 140  may be performed after the outer area machining operation S 130  has been performed. According to an embodiment, in the polishing operation S 140 , a polishing operation is performed on a surface of the reactor  2110 , on which the outer area machining operation S 130  has been performed, by using compounds. 
     The size and shape inspecting operation S 150  may be performed after the polishing operation  140  has been performed. According to an embodiment, in the size and shape inspecting operation S 150 , a size and a shape of the reactor  2110 , on which the polishing operation S 140  has been performed, may be inspected by using a jig. 
     The stress eliminating operation S 160  may be performed on the reactor  2110  that has undergone the size and shape inspecting operation S 150 . According to an embodiment, in the stress eliminating operation S 160 , stresses of the reactor  2110  may be eliminated by performing an annealing operation of slowly cooling the reactor  2110  for 12 hours after heating the reactor  2110  in a furnace at 400° C. for 1 hour. 
     The local stress inspecting operation S 170  may be performed after the stress eliminating operation S 160  has been performed. According to an embodiment, in the local stress inspecting operation S 170 , a local stress of the reactor  2110 , on which the stress eliminating operation S 160  has been performed, may be inspected by using a polarization microscope. 
     The cleaning operation S 180  may be performed after the local stress inspecting operation S 170  has been performed. According to an embodiment, in the cleaning operation S 180 , a cleaning operation may be performed on the reactor  2110  that has undergone the local stress inspecting operation S 170  may be performed by using sand blasting. 
     In the thermal spray coating operation S 190 , thermal spray coating is performed in the reactor  2110 , on which the cleaning operation S 180  has been performed. In an embodiment, in the thermal spray coating operation S 190 , plasma thermal spray coating may be performed on the reactor  2110 , on which the cleaning operation S 180  has been performed. 
     As described above, in the reactors according to the embodiments of the inventive concept, the assembly line of the components may be formed to deviate from an area having a relatively high density of plasma. Accordingly, an amount of particles that may be generated in the assembly line through the plasma reaction may be minimized. 
     The reactor according to the embodiment of the inventive concept is configured such that the assembly line deviates from an area, in which a density of a plasma loop is concentrated. 
     Further, the reactor according to the embodiment of the inventive concept may reduce an amount of generated particles. 
     An embodiment of the inventive concept provides a process processing apparatus that includes the reactor. 
     Although the preferred embodiment of the inventive concept has been described until now, it can be understood by an ordinary person in the art that the inventive concept may be variously corrected and changed without departing from the spirit and area of the inventive concept described in the claims. 
     Accordingly, the technical scope of the inventive concept is not limited to the contents descried in the detailed description, but should be determined by the claims.