Patent Publication Number: US-11640821-B2

Title: Conflict resolution enhancement system

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     The present invention relates, generally, to the field of computing, and more particularly to speech recognition systems. 
     Speech recognition may relate to a computer&#39;s ability to identify and respond to human speech. Speech recognition may encompass systems that analyze human speech to identify specific commands, such as voice dialing, call routing, data entry, and speech-to-text. Frequently, a training phase is implemented by speech recognition software to improve the identification of spoken words. Furthermore, speech recognition may also include speaker identification where the system may be capable of identifying a speaker rather than the words being spoken based on the specific person&#39;s voice patterns. 
     SUMMARY 
     Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method, computer system, and a computer program product for controlling a plurality of environmental factors that trigger a negative emotional state. The present invention may include analyzing a plurality of user data when a user experiences a plurality of various environmental factors. The present invention may also include determining an emotional state experienced by the user when each of the plurality of various environmental factors is present based on the plurality of analyzed user data. The present invention may further include receiving a plurality of calendar information associated with a user account. The present invention may also include identifying an upcoming event based on the plurality of received calendar information. The present invention may further include identifying an environmental factor within the plurality of various environmental factors is present at the identified upcoming event. The present invention may also include, in response to determining the identified environmental factor causes the user to experience a negative emotional state, executing an accommodation method based on the identified environmental factor. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments thereof, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings. The various features of the drawings are not to scale as the illustrations are for clarity in facilitating one skilled in the art in understanding the invention in conjunction with the detailed description. In the drawings: 
         FIG.  1    illustrates an exemplary networked computer environment according to at least one embodiment; 
         FIG.  2    is an operational flowchart illustrating a conflict resolution enhancement process according to at least one embodiment; 
         FIG.  3    is a block diagram of internal and external components of computers and servers depicted in  FIG.  1    according to at least one embodiment; 
         FIG.  4    depicts a cloud computing environment according to an embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG.  5    depicts abstraction model layers according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Detailed embodiments of the claimed structures and methods are disclosed herein; however, it can be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely illustrative of the claimed structures and methods that may be embodied in various forms. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments set forth herein. In the description, details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments. 
     Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of computing, and more particularly to speech recognition. The following described exemplary embodiments provide a system, method, and program product to, among other things, analyze an individual&#39;s experience with various sound and voice types to identify specific instances to which the individual may be sensitive and perform an assistance method to correct the sensitive situation for the individual. Therefore, the present embodiment has the capacity to improve the technical field of speech recognition by improving a user&#39;s productivity when the user has specific sensitivities that may require visual and/or audio assistance or modification. 
     As previously described, speech recognition may relate to a computer&#39;s ability to identify and respond to human speech. Speech recognition may encompass systems that analyze human speech to identify specific commands, such as voice dialing, call routing, data entry, and speech-to-text. Frequently, a training phase is implemented by speech recognition software to improve the identification of spoken words. Furthermore, speech recognition may also include speaker identification where the system may be capable of identifying a speaker rather than the words being spoken based on the specific person&#39;s voice patterns. 
     Some individuals may experience sensitivities to various types of sound or visuals, such as an individual diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder being sensitive to loud voices or bright lights. Furthermore, an individual may be sensitive to a particular vocal type due to a past negative experience. For example, a person may have experienced a traumatic event with a distinctively voiced individual and may now experience a sensitivity when other individuals with similar voices are heard. Sensitivities to various sounds and voices may affect an individual&#39;s productivity. For example, if a person experiences a voice sensitivity during a meeting, that person may be unable to effectively listen or communicate due to the unpleasant voice or sound being heard. In similar situations, a presenter may not be able to identify when a particular meeting attendee or presentation listener is sensitive to a sound or voice. Since the presentation method is not altered to accommodate all individuals, the presenter may not be able to effectively convey the presentation message to all meeting attendees or presentation listeners. As such, it may be advantageous to, among other things, identify individuals with specific sensitivities and provide an accommodation to the identified individuals. 
     According to one embodiment, a user&#39;s experience with various environments, such as sounds, voices, and lighting situations, may be observed and analyzed to establish a corresponding data model that may link the user&#39;s emotional state with the various environments. The system may then determine if the user is likely to experience any of the various environments that the corresponding data model links with a negative emotional state based on the user&#39;s upcoming calendar events. If the user is likely to experience a negative emotional state, the system may identify an appropriate accommodation to assist the user is either reducing or eliminating the negative emotional state. For example, if the user is sensitive to a particular web presenter&#39;s voice type, the system may mock the presenter&#39;s voice with a different person&#39;s voice that is more pleasant to the user or a message may be presented that is designed to calm the user. In another embodiment, the presenter may be sent a recommendation to adjust the tone of voice used when presenting in order to deliver or convey the message in a specific manner that allows all attendees or listeners to fully comprehend, including the user. 
     The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computer program product at any possible technical detail level of integration. The computer program product may include a computer readable storage medium (or media) having computer readable program instructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of the present invention. 
     The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of the computer readable storage medium includes the following: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such as punch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructions recorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construed as being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses passing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmitted through a wire. 
     Computer readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computer readable storage medium or to an external computer or external storage device via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprise copper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium within the respective computing/processing device. 
     Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations of the present invention may be assembler instructions, instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data, configuration data for integrated circuitry, or either source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++, or the like, and procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user&#39;s computer, partly on the user&#39;s computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user&#39;s computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user&#39;s computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readable program instructions by utilizing state information of the computer readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present invention. 
     Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer readable program instructions. 
     These computer readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises an article of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects of the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted in the Figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions. 
     The following described exemplary embodiments provide a system, method, and program product to analyze a user&#39;s experiences with various environmental factors and provide an accommodation to the user based on negative user experiences with the detected environmental factors. 
     Referring to  FIG.  1   , an exemplary networked computer environment  100  is depicted, according to at least one embodiment. The networked computer environment  100  may include client computing device  102  and a server  112  interconnected via a communication network  114 . According to at least one implementation, the networked computer environment  100  may include a plurality of client computing devices  102  and servers  112 , of which only one of each is shown for illustrative brevity. 
     The communication network  114  may include various types of communication networks, such as a wide area network (WAN), local area network (LAN), a telecommunication network, a wireless network, a public switched network and/or a satellite network. The communication network  114  may include connections, such as wire, wireless communication links, or fiber optic cables. It may be appreciated that  FIG.  1    provides only an illustration of one implementation and does not imply any limitations with regard to the environments in which different embodiments may be implemented. Many modifications to the depicted environments may be made based on design and implementation requirements. 
     Client computing device  102  may include a processor  104  and a data storage device  106  that is enabled to host and run a software program  108  and a conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A and communicate with the server  112  via the communication network  114 , in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Client computing device  102  may be, for example, a mobile device, a telephone, a personal digital assistant, a netbook, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a desktop computer, or any type of computing device capable of running a program and accessing a network. As will be discussed with reference to  FIG.  3   , the client computing device  102  may include internal components  302   a  and external components  304   a , respectively. 
     The server computer  112  may be a laptop computer, netbook computer, personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, or any programmable electronic device or any network of programmable electronic devices capable of hosting and running a conflict resolution enhancement program  110 B and a database  116  and communicating with the client computing device  102  via the communication network  114 , in accordance with embodiments of the invention. As will be discussed with reference to  FIG.  3   , the server computer  112  may include internal components  302   b  and external components  304   b , respectively. The server  112  may also operate in a cloud computing service model, such as Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), or Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The server  112  may also be located in a cloud computing deployment model, such as a private cloud, community cloud, public cloud, or hybrid cloud. 
     According to the present embodiment, the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may be a program capable of analyzing user experiences with various environmental factors, such as sound and lighting, and creating a data model that identifies the specific environmental factors with which the user experiences sensitivities or negative emotional states. Upon identifying that an upcoming event may trigger a sensitivity or negative emotional state in the user, the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may provide accommodations to the user or suggest a third party, such as a meeting presenter, alter specific attributes, such as voice level, to allow the user to avoid the sensitivity or negative emotional state. The conflict resolution enhancement method is explained in further detail below with respect to  FIG.  2   . 
     Referring now to  FIG.  2   , an operational flowchart illustrating a conflict resolution enhancement process  200  is depicted, according to at least one embodiment. At  202 , the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B analyzes user data, such as user vital sign data, associated with various environmental factors. The conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may analyze the vital signs experienced by the user when specific environmental factors are present to identify which environmental factors cause the user to experience specific emotions or sensitivities. The vital sign data analyzed by the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may include user heart rate, perspiration rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. The various environmental factors may include user location, time of day, ambient noise, ambient lighting, individuals present, speaker identity, speaker voice tone, speaker voice volume, and speaker voice pitch. In at least one embodiment, the user data may include social media data related to user emotions posted on social media networks. For example, the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may use known image recognition technology to analyze images and videos posted on a user&#39;s social media account to identify environmental factors present and user facial expressions or vocal characteristics to determine the user&#39;s reaction to the identified environmental factors. 
     Next, at  204 , the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B determines the user&#39;s emotional state when experiencing the various environmental factors based on the analyzed user data. The conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may create a data model that stores the user&#39;s emotional feedback towards each environmental factor in a data repository, such as database  116 . For example, once the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B has analyzed the user&#39;s response to a particular voice, the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may determine the user is stressed when hearing the voice based on the user&#39;s heart rate, respiration rate, and perspiration rate increasing. The conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may categorize the user&#39;s determined emotional state within the created data model. For example, each environmental factor with which the user becomes sad when experiencing may be categorized together in the created data model. 
     Next, at  206 , the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B receives user calendar information. The calendar information may include information related to upcoming events, such as event name, event type, presenter or speaker information, and event date and time. The conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may receive the calendar information from one or more linked user accounts, such as an email account, a social media account, or an instant messenger account. 
     Then, at  208 , the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B identifies an upcoming event based on the user calendar information. The conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may analyze the received calendar information to determine when an event is upcoming based on the event date and time as detailed within the user calendar information. For example, the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may analyze the received user calendar information to identify that an event will with occur within one week. 
     Next, at  210 , the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B identifies an environmental factor present at the identified upcoming event. Using the received user calendar information and other searchable databases (e.g., internet search engines), the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may identify an environmental factor present at the identified upcoming event. For example, the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may identify the upcoming event will take place at a public park in Phoenix, Ariz., USA based on the received user calendar information. Using an internet search engine, the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may determine the date on which the upcoming event takes place will be mostly sunny. Therefore, the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may identify a bright light source as an environmental factor present at the identified upcoming event. 
     Then, at  212 , the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B determines if the identified environmental factor causes the user to experience a negative emotional state. The conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may be capable of determining if the identified environmental factor may produce a negative emotional state in the user by parsing through the created data model for each negative emotional state (e.g., sadness or stressed) to determine if the identified environmental factor is listed as causing a negative emotional state in the user. For example, in the previous example, the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may parse through the created data model to determine whether a bright light source causes the user to experience a negative emotional state. According to one implementation, the method may continue along the operational flowchart  200 , if an environmental factor is present that causes the user to experience a negative emotional state. If the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B determines an environmental factor that causes the user to experience a negative emotional state is present (step  212 , “YES” branch), the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may continue to step  214  to execute an accommodation method based on the determined environmental factor. If the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B determines an environmental factor that causes the user to experience a negative emotional state is not present (step  212 , “NO” branch), the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may terminate. 
     Next, at  214 , the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B executes an accommodation method based on the identified environmental factor. Once the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B determines the identified environmental factor may cause the user to experience a negative emotional state, the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may execute one or more accommodation methods to aid the user in reducing or eliminating the occurrence of the negative emotional state. The accommodation method taken by the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may include visual assistance to the user, audio assistance to the user, or notification to a presenter. 
     Visual assistance to the user may relate to the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B presenting a notification on a user device, such as client computing device  102 , shortly before the user begins participation or attendance at the upcoming event that is intended to prepare the user for the anticipated environmental factor. For example, if the user is about to join a web conference where the presenter speaks loudly and loud voices are stressful to the user, the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may notify the user of the speaker&#39;s loud voice before the user joins the web conference and advise the user to lower the device&#39;s volume level. In at least one embodiment, the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may present an image or video intended to improve the user&#39;s emotional state before the user experiences the identified environmental factor that may cause the user to experience a negative emotional state. For example, the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may display an image of the user&#39;s favorite hobby or a video clip of the user&#39;s favorite movie when notifying the user of the identified environmental factor. 
     Providing audio assistance to the user may relate to the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B overlaying a sound that causes a negative emotional state in the user with a sound that does not cause a negative emotional state in the user. For example, if loud voices cause a negative emotional state in the user, the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may overlay a web conference presenter&#39;s loud voice with a softer voice that may not cause a negative emotional state in the user. In a similar example, if a user is attending an in-person conference, the user may wear a hearing device, such as headphones connected to a smartphone, to overlay the presenter&#39;s loud voice with a softer voice that may not cause a negative emotional state in the user. 
     The conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may also provide a notification to a presenter or speaker that the user is listening to or viewing the presentation but may experience a negative emotional state based on the identified environmental factor. Such a notification may allow the presenter or speaker to alter the identified environmental factor to reduce or eliminate the negative emotional state for the user. For example, if a presentation attendee is sensitive to flashing lights due to autism spectrum disorder, the presenter may remove or limit flashing overhead lights during a multimedia presentation to accommodate the attendee. The conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may determine the user is attending or participating in the presentation based on the user&#39;s acceptance of a meeting invitation or registration for the meeting. Once the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B determines the user is attending or participating in the presentation, the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B may transmit the notification to a user device, such as client computing device  102 , associated with the speaker or presenter. 
     It may be appreciated that  FIG.  2    provides only an illustration of one implementation and does not imply any limitations with regard to how different embodiments may be implemented. Many modifications to the depicted environments may be made based on design and implementation requirements. 
       FIG.  3    is a block diagram  300  of internal and external components of the client computing device  102  and the server  112  depicted in  FIG.  1    in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. It should be appreciated that  FIG.  3    provides only an illustration of one implementation and does not imply any limitations with regard to the environments in which different embodiments may be implemented. Many modifications to the depicted environments may be made based on design and implementation requirements. 
     The data processing system  302 ,  304  is representative of any electronic device capable of executing machine-readable program instructions. The data processing system  302 ,  304  may be representative of a smart phone, a computer system, PDA, or other electronic devices. Examples of computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may represented by the data processing system  302 ,  304  include, but are not limited to, personal computer systems, server computer systems, thin clients, thick clients, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, network PCs, minicomputer systems, and distributed cloud computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices. 
     The client computing device  102  and the server  112  may include respective sets of internal components  302   a,b  and external components  304   a,b  illustrated in  FIG.  3   . Each of the sets of internal components  302  include one or more processors  320 , one or more computer-readable RAMs  322 , and one or more computer-readable ROMs  324  on one or more buses  326 , and one or more operating systems  328  and one or more computer-readable tangible storage devices  330 . The one or more operating systems  328 , the software program  108  and the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A in the client computing device  102  and the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 B in the server  112  are stored on one or more of the respective computer-readable tangible storage devices  330  for execution by one or more of the respective processors  320  via one or more of the respective RAMs  322  (which typically include cache memory). In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  3   , each of the computer-readable tangible storage devices  330  is a magnetic disk storage device of an internal hard drive. Alternatively, each of the computer-readable tangible storage devices  330  is a semiconductor storage device such as ROM  324 , EPROM, flash memory or any other computer-readable tangible storage device that can store a computer program and digital information. 
     Each set of internal components  302   a,b  also includes a R/W drive or interface  332  to read from and write to one or more portable computer-readable tangible storage devices  338  such as a CD-ROM, DVD, memory stick, magnetic tape, magnetic disk, optical disk or semiconductor storage device. A software program, such as the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A,  110 B, can be stored on one or more of the respective portable computer-readable tangible storage devices  338 , read via the respective R/W drive or interface  332 , and loaded into the respective hard drive  330 . 
     Each set of internal components  302   a,b  also includes network adapters or interfaces  336  such as a TCP/IP adapter cards, wireless Wi-Fi interface cards, or 3G or 4G wireless interface cards or other wired or wireless communication links. The software program  108  and the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A in the client computing device  102  and the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 B in the server  112  can be downloaded to the client computing device  102  and the server  112  from an external computer via a network (for example, the Internet, a local area network or other, wide area network) and respective network adapters or interfaces  336 . From the network adapters or interfaces  336 , the software program  108  and the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 A in the client computing device  102  and the conflict resolution enhancement program  110 B in the server  112  are loaded into the respective hard drive  330 . The network may comprise copper wires, optical fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. 
     Each of the sets of external components  304   a,b  can include a computer display monitor  344 , a keyboard  342 , and a computer mouse  334 . External components  304   a,b  can also include touch screens, virtual keyboards, touch pads, pointing devices, and other human interface devices. Each of the sets of internal components  302   a,b  also includes device drivers  340  to interface to computer display monitor  344 , keyboard  342 , and computer mouse  334 . The device drivers  340 , R/W drive or interface  332 , and network adapter or interface  336  comprise hardware and software (stored in storage device  330  and/or ROM  324 ). 
     It is understood in advance that although this disclosure includes a detailed description on cloud computing, implementation of the teachings recited herein are not limited to a cloud computing environment. Rather, embodiments of the present invention are capable of being implemented in conjunction with any other type of computing environment now known or later developed. 
     Cloud computing is a model of service delivery for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g. networks, network bandwidth, servers, processing, memory, storage, applications, virtual machines, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or interaction with a provider of the service. This cloud model may include at least five characteristics, at least three service models, and at least four deployment models. 
     Characteristics are as follows: 
     On-demand self-service: a cloud consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with the service&#39;s provider. 
     Broad network access: capabilities are available over a network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs). 
     Resource pooling: the provider&#39;s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to demand. There is a sense of location independence in that the consumer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter). 
     Rapid elasticity: capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time. 
     Measured service: cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service. 
     Service Models are as follows: 
     Software as a Service (SaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider&#39;s applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser (e.g., web-based e-mail). The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings. 
     Platform as a Service (PaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including networks, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application hosting environment configurations. 
     Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls). 
     Deployment Models are as follows: 
     Private cloud: the cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party and may exist on-premises or off-premises. 
     Community cloud: the cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on-premises or off-premises. 
     Public cloud: the cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services. 
     Hybrid cloud: the cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load-balancing between clouds). 
     A cloud computing environment is service oriented with a focus on statelessness, low coupling, modularity, and semantic interoperability. At the heart of cloud computing is an infrastructure comprising a network of interconnected nodes. 
     Referring now to  FIG.  4   , illustrative cloud computing environment  50  is depicted. As shown, cloud computing environment  50  comprises one or more cloud computing nodes  100  with which local computing devices used by cloud consumers, such as, for example, personal digital assistant (PDA) or cellular telephone  54 A, desktop computer  54 B, laptop computer  54 C, and/or automobile computer system  54 N may communicate. Nodes  100  may communicate with one another. They may be grouped (not shown) physically or virtually, in one or more networks, such as Private, Community, Public, or Hybrid clouds as described hereinabove, or a combination thereof. This allows cloud computing environment  50  to offer infrastructure, platforms and/or software as services for which a cloud consumer does not need to maintain resources on a local computing device. It is understood that the types of computing devices  54 A-N shown in  FIG.  4    are intended to be illustrative only and that computing nodes  100  and cloud computing environment  50  can communicate with any type of computerized device over any type of network and/or network addressable connection (e.g., using a web browser). 
     Referring now to  FIG.  5   , a set of functional abstraction layers  500  provided by cloud computing environment  50  is shown. It should be understood in advance that the components, layers, and functions shown in  FIG.  4    are intended to be illustrative only and embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto. As depicted, the following layers and corresponding functions are provided: 
     Hardware and software layer  60  includes hardware and software components. Examples of hardware components include: mainframes  61 ; RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture based servers  62 ; servers  63 ; blade servers  64 ; storage devices  65 ; and networks and networking components  66 . In some embodiments, software components include network application server software  67  and database software  68 . 
     Virtualization layer  70  provides an abstraction layer from which the following examples of virtual entities may be provided: virtual servers  71 ; virtual storage  72 ; virtual networks  73 , including virtual private networks; virtual applications and operating systems  74 ; and virtual clients  75 . 
     In one example, management layer  80  may provide the functions described below. Resource provisioning  81  provides dynamic procurement of computing resources and other resources that are utilized to perform tasks within the cloud computing environment. Metering and Pricing  82  provide cost tracking as resources are utilized within the cloud computing environment, and billing or invoicing for consumption of these resources. In one example, these resources may comprise application software licenses. Security provides identity verification for cloud consumers and tasks, as well as protection for data and other resources. User portal  83  provides access to the cloud computing environment for consumers and system administrators. Service level management  84  provides cloud computing resource allocation and management such that required service levels are met. Service Level Agreement (SLA) planning and fulfillment  85  provide pre-arrangement for, and procurement of, cloud computing resources for which a future requirement is anticipated in accordance with an SLA. 
     Workloads layer  90  provides examples of functionality for which the cloud computing environment may be utilized. Examples of workloads and functions which may be provided from this layer include: mapping and navigation  91 ; software development and lifecycle management  92 ; virtual classroom education delivery  93 ; data analytics processing  94 ; transaction processing  95 ; and conflict resolution enhancement  96 . Conflict resolution enhancement  96  may relate to analyzing vital sign data to create a data model that identifies environmental factors to which a user may be sensitive or which create a negative emotion for the user. Furthermore, conflict resolution enhancement  96  may identify upcoming events on a user calendar at which the user may experience a sensitivity or negative emotion and provide an appropriate accommodation. 
     The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application or technical improvement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.