Patent Publication Number: US-2022221240-A1

Title: Safety control system for portable weapons, including crossbow and firearms, such as handguns, rifles and alike

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     N/A 
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     N/A 
     NAMES OF THE PARTIES TO A JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENT 
     N/A 
     REFERENCE TO A “SEQUENCE LISTING” 
     N/A 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Field of the Invention 
     The present invention directs to safety control system for portable weapons, including, but not limited to, crossbows and firearms, such as guns, rifles and alike, using various sensors to ensure safe target, environment, location, and situation for operating portable weapons. 
     Description of Related Art 
     Portable weapons, such as crossbows and firearms, for example, guns, rifles and alike, are often used for recreational and/or sporting purposes, self-defense where law allows, and/or carried by authorized personnel, such as police, military, etc. However, safety issues related thereto are always concerns for the public. Many of portable weapons used today shares substantially similar firing sequence from pulling of a trigger to a firing pin striking a bullet or alike to fire a bullet or alike therefrom. Many of these portable weapons are equipped with primary safety lock mechanisms; however, these primary safety lock mechanisms may be released manually by its operator(s) and, thus, there is no other means to ensure operational safety of the portable weapon after the primary safety lock mechanisms is released. 
     There have been a number of attempts that have been made to ensure operational safety of the portable weapon. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,488,370 to Lemelson (Lemelson) discloses a weapon control system and method to prevent it from being accidentally operated or operated by a person who is not the owner of the weapon or someone who is not authorized to use the weapon. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,550,175 to Parker (Parker) discloses a user friendly gunlock, which is attached to a trigger guard of a firearm, which releases the lock based on a number combination (or similar) is entered properly to the gunlock. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,563,940 to Recce (Recce) discloses unauthorized user prevention device and method, which prevents an unauthorized/unrecognizable operator from using a firearm based on a pressure signature profile/grip profile(s) of an authorized operator(s) for the firearm which are stored. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 9,857,133 to Kloepfer et al. (Kloepfer) and US Patent Application Publication No. 2018/0142977 to Kloepfer et al. (Kloepfer 2) disclose a system and method for authenticating an identity for a biometrically-enabled gun. The biometrically-enabled gun has a biometric sensor for reading the biometric information of an operator (such as finger print) to determine wither the operator is authorized to operate the firearm. 
     Many of prior attempts, as it can be seen in Lemelson, Parker, Recce, Kloepfer and Kloepfer 2, are merely concern whether the weapon/firearm is about to be operated/operated by an authorized operator. 
     Accordingly, in order to improve operational safety of the portable weapons, locking and unlocking conditions or environment including time, place, direction and operator/person would need to be considered; however, even such considerations were made, prior attempts would not allow/enable to provide means to lock and unlock the firing sequence, automatically or autonomously. Therefore, there has been a long-felt need(s) for a primary, complementary or secondary safety control system which is, either automatic or semi-automatic in nature, to lock or to lock and unlock a firing sequence of a portable weapon. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Today, gun violence has become one of the biggest issues of public safety, and the question of how to solve this problem has become a public concern. In schools, churches, supermarkets, theatres, gymnasiums and other public locations, once a shooting happens among the crowd, the consequences can be horrific. Accordingly, there is a long felt need for a safety control system for the portable weapon, which unlocks a firing sequence of the portable weapon only when it is safe to operate. 
     Loaded portable weapons, such as loaded gun, loaded riffle, etc. is the most dangerous state as they are ready to shoot/operate. After the investigation carried out by the inventor, it appears that a normal person&#39;s response time is about 0.3 to 0.4 second to operate the loaded pistol; the professionally trained person may operate a loaded pistol over 0.1 s. In fact, the world sprint champion, Liu Xiang&#39;s fastest starting reaction time was measured at 0.131 s. Accordingly, if a portable weapon is controlled to be in a safe state (or locked) within these reaction time, safety of using loaded portable weapon may become manageable. 
     According to an object of the present invention, it provides a safety control system for portable weapons, including, but not limited to, crossbows and firearms, such as guns, rifles and alike, using various sensors to ensure safe target, environment, location, and situation for operating portable weapons. The safety control system unlocks a firing sequence of the portable weapons only when it is safe to operate. 
     According to one aspect of the present invention, it provides a safety control system for a portable weapon, comprising: a microcontroller; a driver; and an actuator; wherein the microcontroller controls the driver to drive the actuator to lock or unlock a firing sequence of the portable weapon. 
     The safety control system as recited above further comprises a vital sign detection sensor being in communication with the microcontroller, causing the microcontroller to control the driver based on detection of a vital sign from a human. The safety control system as recited above, wherein the vital sign detection sensor comprises: a pyroelectric infrared sensor; a lens; and a cylindrical housing member for housing the pyroelectric infrared sensor at one end, and the lens disposed at a focal distance of the lens away from the pyroelectric infrared sensor. The safety control system as recited above, wherein the lens is a Fresnel lens. The Fresnel lens has a first side with smooth surface and a second side with patterns, the second side faces with the pyroelectric infrared sensor. The safety control system as recited above further comprising an infrared anti-reflection film on the first side of the Fresnel lens. The infrared anti-reflection film reduces reflection and refraction loss of infrared rays having wavelength ranges from 8 to 12 μm. 
     The safety control system as recited above further comprising a direction detection sensor for detecting a direction of the portable weapon to cause the microcontroller to control the driver by comparing the direction of a target and the direction of the portable weapon. The direction detection sensor comprises a nine-axis motion sensor. The nine-axis motion sensor comprise an acceleration sensor, a gyro sensor and a magnetic field sensor. 
     The safety control system as recited above further comprising a biometric recognition module for sampling a biometric data for carrying out an authentication by the microcontroller to control the driver for unlocking the firing sequence. The biometric recognition module is a fingerprint recognition module. 
     The actuator locks the firing sequence at a trigger, a trigger lever, a firing pin, a hammer of the portable weapon, safety or safety catch, or a combination thereof. 
     According to another aspect of the present invention, it provides a safety control system for a portable weapon, comprising: a portable weapon safety controller, comprising: a first microcontroller; a driver; and an actuator; and a field controller comprising a second microcontroller, the second microcontroller is wirelessly in communication with the first microcontroller. The second controller causes the first microcontroller to control the driver to drive the actuator to lock or unlock a firing sequence of the portable weapon. The portable weapon safety controller comprising a signal transmitting module being in communication with the first microcontroller for transmitting a signal indicative of a direction of the portable weapon is pointing to, and the field controller comprises a signal receiving module, being in communication with the second microcontroller, being indicative of a direction of a target that receives the signal only when the signal transmitting module is facing to the signal transmitting module within a predetermined angle range. The signal may be an infrared ray, ultrasonic signal, millimeter wave radar signal, etc. The signal receiving module is disposed near the target. The field controller may further, optionally, comprise a gesture recognition system situated at a location where the gesture recognition system would be able to monitor/view the operator/shooter operating the portable weapon. The gesture recognition system is selected from the group consisting of a binocular camera gesture recognition system, a myoelectric sensor gesture recognition system, a structural optical gesture recognition system, a time of flight gesture recognition system, an ultrasonic gesture recognition system, a millimeter radio wave radar gesture recognition system, and an artificial intelligence image gesture recognition system. 
     According to another aspect of the present invention, it provides a safety control system for a portable weapon comprising: a portable weapon safety controller, comprising: a first microcontroller, a driver, and an actuator; and a field controller comprising: a second microcontroller, the second microcontroller is wirelessly in communication with the first controller. The field controller comprises a gesture recognition system being situated at a location where the gesture recognition system would be able to monitor/view the operator/shooter operating the portable weapon. The gesture recognition system is selected from the group consisting of a binocular camera gesture recognition system, a myoelectric sensor gesture recognition system, a structural optical gesture recognition system, a time of flight gesture recognition system, an ultrasonic gesture recognition system, a millimeter radio wave radar gesture recognition system, and an artificial intelligence image gesture recognition system. 
     According to yet another aspect of the present invention, it provides a safety control system for a portable weapon, comprising: a portable weapon safety controller, comprising: a microcontroller; a driver; and an actuator; and a server. The microcontroller is in communication with the server, the server causes the microcontroller to control the driver to drive the actuator to lock or unlock a firing sequence of the portable weapon. The portable weapon safety controller further comprises a global positioning system (GPS) module for determining a location of the portable weapon; however, not limited to GPS module for determining the location of the portable weapon. Such positioning system may include, but not limited to, BeiDou (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)), Galileo (or global navigation satellite system (GNSS)), or other positioning system. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING 
       The present invention directs to a safety control system for portable weapons, including, but not limited to, crossbows and firearms, such as guns, rifles and alike. 
         FIG. 1.1  is a functional block diagram of a first preferred embodiment of a portable weapon safety control system; 
         FIG. 1.11  is a process flow diagram of the first preferred embodiment of the portable weapon safety control system; 
         FIG. 1.11 a    is a state diagram, which is equivalent to the flow diagram shown in  FIG. 1.11 ; 
         FIG. 1.12  is a side cross-sectional view of a vital sign detection module; 
         FIG. 1.13  is a front plan view of the Fresnel lens; 
         FIG. 1.14  is a functional block diagram of a signal amplification circuit for the pyroelectric infrared sensor; 
         FIG. 1.15   a,    1 . 15   b  and  1 . 15   c  are diagrams showing exemplary patterns of detection zones for the pyroelectric infrared sensor; 
         FIG. 1.2  is a functional block diagram of a second preferred embodiment of a portable weapon safety control system; 
         FIG. 1.21  is a process flow diagram of the second preferred embodiment of the portable weapon safety control system; 
         FIG. 1.21 a    is a state diagram, which is equivalent to the flow diagram shown in  FIG. 1.21 ; 
         FIG. 1.3  is a functional block diagram of a third preferred embodiment of a portable weapon safety control system; 
         FIG. 1.3 a    shows a side cross-sectional view of a cylindrical signal transmitting module; 
         FIG. 1.3 b    shows a side cross-sectional view of a conical signal transmitting module; 
         FIG. 1.31 a    shows a process flow diagram of the third preferred embodiment of the portable weapon safety control system; 
         FIG. 1.31 b    shows a process flow diagram of the field controller, in cooperation with the safety control system; 
         FIG. 1.32 a    is a state diagram, which is equivalent to the flow diagram shown in  FIG. 1.31   a;    
         FIG. 1.32 b    is a state diagram, which is equivalent to the flow diagram shown in  FIG. 1.31   b;    
         FIG. 1.4  shows a functional block diagram of a fourth preferred embodiment of a portable weapon safety control system; 
         FIG. 1.41  shows a process flow diagram of the fourth preferred embodiment of the portable weapon safety control system; 
         FIG. 1.41 a    is a state diagram, which is equivalent to the flow diagram shown in  FIG. 1.41 ; 
         FIG. 1.5  shows a functional block diagram of a fifth preferred embodiment of a portable weapon safety control system and a field controller; 
         FIG. 1.5 a    shows a diagram of a first variation of the portable weapon safety control system and the field controller; 
         FIG. 1.5 b    shows a diagram of a second variation of the portable weapon safety control system and the field controller; 
         FIG. 1.5 c    shows a block diagram of myoelectric sensors and motion sensors; 
         FIG. 1.5 d    shows a diagram of a third variation of the portable weapon safety control system and the field controller; 
         FIG. 1.5 e    shows a diagram of a fourth variation of the portable weapon safety control system and the field controller; 
         FIG. 1.5 f    shows a diagram of a fifth variation of the portable weapon safety control system and the field controller; 
         FIG. 1.51  shows an exemplary process flow diagram for the microcontroller of the safety control system; 
         FIG. 1.51 a    is a state diagram, which is equivalent to the flow diagram shown in  FIG. 1.51 ; 
         FIG. 1.52  shows an exemplary process flow diagram for the microcontroller of the field controller; 
         FIG. 1.6  shows a functional block diagram of a sixth preferred embodiment of a portable weapon safety control system; 
         FIG. 1.61  is an exemplary process flow diagram of the microcontroller of the safety control system; 
         FIG. 1.61 a    is a state diagram, which is equivalent to the flow diagram shown in  FIG. 1.61 ; 
         FIG. 1.7  shows a functional block diagram of a seventh preferred embodiment of a portable weapon safety control system; 
         FIG. 1.71  shows an exemplary process flow diagram of the safety control system; 
         FIG. 2.1  shows a functional block diagram of a first integrated safety control system; 
         FIG. 2.11  shows an exemplary process flow diagram of the microcontroller of the safety control system; 
         FIG. 2.12  shows another exemplary process flow diagram of the microcontroller of the safety control system; 
         FIG. 2.2  shows a functional block diagram of a second integrated safety control system; 
         FIG. 2.21  shows an exemplary process flow diagram of the microcontroller of the safety control system; 
         FIG. 2.22  shows another exemplary process flow diagram of the microcontroller; 
         FIG. 2.23  shows a functional block diagram of a safety control system with a server configuration; 
         FIG. 2.3  shows a functional block diagram of a third integrated safety control system; 
         FIG. 2.31  shows an exemplary process flow diagram of interrupt that triggered by the RFID electronic tag module; 
         FIG. 2.32  shows an exemplary process flow diagram of the safety control system; 
         FIG. 2.33  shows an exemplary process flow diagram of the safety control system when interrupt was triggered by the face recognition unlocking module; 
         FIG. 3.1  is an exemplary top view of a detection device for detecting disassembly and deliberate destruction; 
         FIG. 3.2  is an exemplary side view of the detection device installed on a portable weapon; 
         FIG. 3.31  is an exemplary diagram of an alternative to the seventh preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3.32  is an exemplary block diagram thereof; 
         FIG. 3.41  is an exemplary diagram of another alternative to the seventh preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3.42  is an exemplary block diagram thereof; 
         FIG. 3.51  is an exemplary diagram of yet another alternative to the seventh preferred embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 3.52  is an exemplary block diagram thereof. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Referring to  FIG. 1.1 , according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it provides a portable weapon safety control system  200   a  that promotes a safety for an operator/user of a portable weapon, including, but not limited to crossbows and firearms, such as handguns, rifles, and alike, and promotes safety for its surroundings. The safety control system would prevent, for example, suicide and close-proximity shootings, and would limit the use of the portable weapon only within a legal and safer manner (based on designated/specific time, designated/specific place, designated/specific person, designated/specific direction, etc.). The safety control system  200   a,  that may be installed on the portable weapon, comprises a control system  100 , including a microcontroller  1 , a lock control drive circuit  2 , and an actuator  3  for actuating a lock mechanism (not shown, where the lock mechanism is automatic or can be actuated by the actuator for both locking and unlocking) for blocking/unblocking a firing sequence of the portable weapon, or for actuating the lock mechanism (not shown) to block and permit the lock mechanism (not shown, where the lock mechanism is semi-automatic or can be actuated by the actuator for locking only, and the actuator actuate the lock mechanism to permit unlocking manually) to unlock the firing sequence of the portable weapon (i.e. manually). The microcontroller  1  may comprise a microprocessor along with memory (memories), such as RAM, ROM or other types of memory, and other peripherals. The control system  100  may be operated on a battery P 5 , which includes a converter P 4  for converting an output voltage V BAT  from the battery P 5  to a power supply voltage V DD  for the control system  100 . A battery charger P 6  (wireless or wired charger) may be used for charging the battery P 5 . The safety control system  200   a  may be connected with one or more sensory devices, such as a vital sign detection module  20  for detecting a vital sign at a direction to which the portable weapon is pointing, 
     The actuator  3  may be a solenoid, a servo motor, a DC motor or alike to carry out the process of blocking a firing sequence (and, releasing thereof), for example, at a trigger, a trigger lever, a firing pin, and/or a hammer of the portable weapon and/or at a safety or safety catch thereof. Due to the requirement for the actuator  3 , a current may reach up to 2 Ampere or so. In this regard, the battery P 5  may be a rechargeable lithium ion battery. The converter P 4  may be a step-up converter, such as Fitipower FP6717 current mode PWM boost DC/DC converter for converting the battery output voltage V BAT  into power supply voltage V DD  for the circuit. 
     The battery charger P 6  may be a wireless battery charger. An exemplary battery charger (receiver) P 6 , may comprise, for example, T3168 with a receiver coil for receiving wirelessly transmitted power for storing it into the battery P 5 , and the transmitter (not shown) may comprise XKT-335 and XKT-412 with a transmission coil that matches with the receiver coil (not shown) for transmitting the power therefor. 
     The lock control drive circuit  2 , in an exemplary embodiment, may comprise an IC module of H-bridge MOS field effect transistor, such as TB6612FNG. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1.12 , in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vital sign detection module  20  has a pyroelectric infrared sensor  42 . The human body usually has a constant temperature, which is normally around 37° C. An infrared radiation wavelength of 10 μm is emitted at or around this temperature. This radiation can be detected by the pyroelectric infrared sensor  42 . Firstly, the radiation is strengthened by Fresnel lens  43  and then concentrated at the infrared inductive source (the infrared induction sources usually use pyroelectric component). This pyroelectric infrared sensor  42  is configured to receive human infrared radiation while detecting the temperature variation. 
     The vital sign detection module  20  of this embodiment is explained below: 
     The vital sign detection module  20  comprises a cylindrical member  41  for housing the pyroelectric infrared sensor  42 , a lens  43 , an infrared anti-reflection film  44 . The cylindrical member  41  has a radius r. The lens  43  is preferably a Fresnel lens, which intensify the incoming infrared ray. The distance f between the pyroelectric infrared sensor  42  and the Fresnel lens  43  is equal to the focal length of the Fresnel lens  43 . The radius of the Fresnel lens  43  is r. The thickness of the infrared anti-reflection film  44  is h, and its radius is also equal to r. The infrared anti-reflection film  44  is coated on the smooth side of the Fresnel lens  43 . The patterned side of the Fresnel lens  43  faces to the pyroelectric infrared sensor  42 . There is a distance d between the opening of the cylindrical member  41  and the infrared anti-reflection film  44 . The angle θ indicates the maximum angle of the incoming light (infrared emission), which could be detected by the pyroelectric infrared sensor  42 . The opening of the cylindrical member  41  is in the same direction as to where the gun points. The infrared anti-reflection film  44  reduces the reflection and refraction loss of the incoming infrared rays, wavelength of which range from 8 to 12 mm in order for the pyroelectric infrared sensor  42  to improve sensitive and accuracy for sensing vital signs. As it can be understood from  FIG. 1.12 , the detection range or angle for detecting the light (infrared emission) by the vital sign detention module  20  forms a cone shape, angle of which is determined by the maximum angle of the incoming light θ. Vital signs will be detected by the vital sign detection module  20  when a person is within the range of defined by the maximum angle θ. The distance “d” may be adjustable to change the maximum angle θ in order to limit/adjust the detection range of the vital sign. The detection distance of the vital sign detection module  20  ranges from 7 meters to 30 meters. 
       FIG. 1.13  shows a front plan view of the Fresnel lens  43 , which shows the side comprising a pattern thereon. The Fresnel lens  43  increases the bright and dark stripes of infrared light, making it easier to sense the variation of infrared lights, so as to improve the sensitivity of the pyroelectric infrared sensor  42 . The pyroelectric infrared sensors  42  senses when someone is in the detection range defined by the maximum angle θ. The Fresnel lens  43  has a pattern on one side thereon, which comprises one or more concentric rings  47  with one or more single rings  46 . 
     In order to further increase the sensitivity of vital signs detected by the pyroelectric infrared sensor  42 , the pyroelectric infrared sensor  42  further comprises a signal amplification circuit  120  as shown in  FIG. 1.14 . The signal amplification circuit  120  comprises passive infrared sensors (or pyroelectric infrared sensors) PIR 1 , PIR 2 , and amplification stages using operational amplifiers (or op-amps), A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4  and A 5 , which amplify the detected vital signal by the passive infrared sensors PIR 1 , PIR 2 . In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, one or more of the concentric rings  47  and one or more single rings  46  correspond to each of the passive infrared sensors PIR 1  and PIR 2 . The signal amplification circuit  120  would have very low DC offset, low drift, low noise, very high open-loop gain, very large common-mode rejection ratio, and high input impedance. Accordingly, the common-mode noise would be filtered out as much as possible, thus a weaker original signal(s) from the pyroelectric infrared sensors PIR 1  and/or PIR 2  could be amplified appropriately and sufficiently as shown in  FIG. 1.14 . When a person appears in front of the vital sign detection module  20 , after signal(s) from the pyroelectric infrared sensors PIR 1 , PIR 2  is(are) amplified, Vout from the signal amplification circuit  120  outputs quickly and accurately to indicate whether “a person is there within the detection range”. The signal amplification circuit  120  includes various other components, C 1 , R 1  to R 7 , Rd, RP 1 , RP 2  and VD 1 , VD 2 , where C 1  is a capacitor, R 1  to R 7  and Rd are resisters, RP 1  and RP 2  are adjustable resistors, and VD 1  and VD 2  are diodes. 
     The sources of the two pyroelectric infrared sensors PIR 1  and PIR 2  are respectively connected to the input pin of the op-amps A 1  and A 2 , and the drains of the two sensors are connected to the system power supply V DD  through the resistor Rd. The differential amplifier circuit formed by op-amps A 1 , A 2 , and A 3  with resistors R 1  to R 7 , and the voltage comparison shaping circuit is formed by resistors RP 1  and RP 2 , op-amps A 4  and A 5 , and diodes VD 1  to VD 2 . In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pyroelectric infrared sensor  42  is arranged such that it has at least two detection zones which may be horizontally arranged as shown in  FIG. 1.15   a.  Optionally, the vital signal detection module  20  may include more than two pyroelectric infrared sensors/passive infrared sensors so that the detection zones may be more than two (i.e. four or more). The pyroelectric infrared sensors/passive infrared sensors such that the detection zones therefrom may be arranged horizontally and vertically to improve the accuracy of the vital sign detection. For example, an additional pair of pyroelectric infrared sensors/passive infrared sensors may be arranged above/below ( FIG. 1.15 b   ), or may be arranged vertically to cross the horizontally arranged pair of the pyroelectric infrared sensors/passive infrared sensors to improve the detection ranges ( FIG. 1.15 c   ). 
     It is to be noted that the circuit  120  is only for illustrating an exemplary circuit for the pyroelectric infrared sensors  42  for vital sign detection. 
       FIG. 1.11  is a process flow diagram of the safety control system  200   a,  where  FIG. 1.11 a    is a state diagram showing state transitions based on the status whether a life form is detected or not. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1.11 and 1.11   a,  at the initial step S 1 - 1 , the portable weapon may be locked. At step S 1 - 2 , the safety control system  200   a  starts to initialize and locks the portable weapon by blocking a firing sequence. Then, the safety control system  200   a  starts to detect if there are any vital sign signals via vital sign detection module  20  at F0 Hz frequency at S 1 - 4 . Once vital signs are detected, the safety control system  200   a  makes sure that the mechanical lock remains at the locked position for safety (at S 1 - 3 , via S 1 - 4 (Y)). If no vital sign signals are detected, the safety control system  200   a  actuates the mechanical lock to be in unlocked state at S 1 - 5  (via S 1 - 4 (N)) and, thus, the portable weapon can be used safely. Alternatively, the microcontroller  1  may include an interrupt handler or capabilities for handling a number of interrupt services, and an output from the vital sign detection module  20  may be an input to the interrupt handler of the microcontroller  1 , and thus the process step of locking S 1 - 3  and unlocking S 1 - 5  may be carried out as an interrupt service of the microcontroller  1 . 
     According to an object of the present invention, a safety control system may comprise or may further comprise a direction sensor  21  or other sensor(s) as shown in  FIG. 1.2 . 
     A portable weapon safety control system  200   b  includes the control system  100  and a direction sensor  21  for sensing the direction of a portable weapon and providing the sensed direction to the microcontroller  1  in the control system  100 . The target direction data and preset values are preprogramed/set and stored in the microcontroller  1  of the control system  100 . The direction sensor  21  of the safety control system  200   b  corresponds to the direction of a firing of the portable weapon. The direction sensor  21  monitors and perceives the direction of the portable weapon held/operated by the operator. The direction sensor  21  also detects whether the portable weapon is pointed in the direction of the targets. The microcontroller  1  corrects direction information/indication from the direction sensor  21 , and controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to unlock the firing sequence of the portable weapon. Once the microcontroller  1  through the direction sensor  21  detects that the portable weapon points at the direction other than the target, the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon to disable the portable weapon, such that the operator cannot fire the portable weapon. 
     The direction sensor  21  is a virtual sensor that is based on a nine (9) axis motion sensor, comprised of an acceleration sensor, a gyro sensor and a magnetic field sensor. The data from the direction sensor  21  is achieved by the acceleration sensor, gyro sensor and magnetic field sensor via nine axis fusion algorithm. Various commercially available sensors can be used for the present invention. For example, commonly used components/devices of nine-axis fusion sensors may be MPU9150, MPU9250, MPU9255 et cetera, which are made by InvenSense™. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the direct sensor  21  comprises MPU9250 for the nine-axis direction sensor. Other similar sensors that can be used to achieve the substantially the same effects shall be within the scope of the present invention. 
       FIG. 1.21  is a process flow diagram of the safety control system  200   b,  where  FIG. 1.21 a    is a state diagram showing state transitions based on the status whether the portable weapon  45  is directed to a proper direction based on various measurements. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1.21 and 1.21   a,  the safety control system  200   b  powers up at S 2 - 1  and goes through initialization steps S 2 - 2 . The safety control system  200   b  then actuates the actuator  3  to lock a firing sequence of the portable weapon S 2 - 3 . The direction sensor  21  generates data based on its nine-axis sensors, and the microcontroller  1  of the control system  100  collects the acceleration data at S 2 - 4 , magnetic field data at S 2 - 5 , gyro data at S 2 - 6 . The sequence or order in which the microcontroller  1  collects the acceleration data at S 2 - 4 , magnetic field data at S 2 - 5 , and gyro data at S 2 - 6  may not be important, i.e. it can be done simultaneously, sequentially in any order, or may be done randomly. Then the microcontroller  1  computes the direction data of the portable weapon based on the collected data at S 2 - 7 . The microcontroller  1  compares the direction data of the portable weapon with the direction of the target and computes the included angle (S 2 - 8 ). If the angle is bigger than the pre-set value θ (θ is preset at, say, 45°. θ value can be adjustable), the safety control system  200   b,  then, controls the actuator  3  to keep the lock at locked position (S 2 - 3  via S 2 - 8 (N)). If the angle is less than the pre-set θ (i.e. the direction sensor  21  indicates that the portable weapon is directed to the general direction of the target), the safety control system  200   b  controls the actuator  3  to unlock the gun (step S 2 - 9  via S 2 - 8 (Y)). 
     The sensed data from the direction sensor  21  may be carried out to the microcontroller  1  via an interrupt handler of the microcontroller  1 , such that, the direction sensor  21  sends an interrupt to the microcontroller  1  when there is a state change or change in the direction of the portable weapon. 
     Accordingly, the safety control system  200   b  would improve the safety of operators of the portable weapon and its surroundings by preventing from carrying out/blocking of the firing sequence of the portable weapon when the portable weapon is directed to the place other than the target, i.e. improper aiming. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1.3 , according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, it provides a portable weapon safety control system  200   c  and a corresponding field controller  300   c.  The portable weapon safety control system  200   c  is attached to the portable weapon for controlling the safety of the portable weapon by locking/unlocking the firing sequence thereof. The safety control system  200   c  comprises a portable weapon control system  100  with a signal transmitting module  11  for transmitting data therethrough from the microcontroller  1 , and wireless signal receiving module  10  for receiving wireless signal. The microcontroller  1  of the control system  100  in the safety control system  200   c  actuates the actuator  3  via the lock control drive circuit  2  for locking/unlocking a firing sequence of the portable weapon. The field controller  300   c  includes a microcontroller  4 , a signal receiving module  13  for receiving signal from the safety control system  200   c  via the signal transmitting module  11 ; and a wireless signal transmitting module  12  that is in communication with the microcontroller  4  for transmitting wireless signal to the safety control system  200   c.  The field controller  300   c  may be in communication with more than one signal receiving module  13 . 
     The signal transmitting module  11  and the signal receiving module  13  communicate with each other wirelessly. For example, the signal transmitting module  11  and the signal receiving module  13  may use one or more of infrared, ultrasound, millimeter wave (or MMW) radar signal, etc., which is very directional and does not scatter or deflect, such that direction of the signal transmitted is indicative of the general direction that the portable weapon is pointing to. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the signal transmitting module  11  is installed on the portable weapon, such that the signal transmitting module  11  transmits signal to the direction to which the portable weapon is pointing to. It is to be understand that the signal transmitter module  11  and signal receiving module  13  may be designed such that detection of the signal may merely indicative that the portable weapon is pointing to a safe area (or safe to use), and does not have to be pointing to the target. 
     The wireless signal transmitting module  12  and wireless signal receiving module  10  communicate with each other wirelessly, for example, by using Bluetooth™, Wi-Fi™, and/or other wireless communication means. The wireless signal transmitting module  12  may comprise, for example, pt2272 (remote control decoder from Princeton Technology Corp), pt2262 (remote control decoder from Princeton Technology Corp), Bluetooth™, module, Wi-Fi™ module and other wireless communication modules. Other similar wireless modules that can be used to achieve substantially the same results/effect. 
       FIG. 1.31 a    shows a process flow diagram of the safety control system  200   c  in cooperation with the field controller  300   c,  and  FIG. 1.31 b    shows a process flow diagram of the field controller  300   c,  in cooperation with the safety control system  200   c,  where  FIG. 1.32 a    is a state diagram showing state transitions of the safety control system  200   c  based on the status whether signal from the field controller is detected or not; and  FIG. 1.32 b    is a state diagram showing state transitions of the field controller  300   c  based on the status whether direction signal from the safety controller  200   c  is received or not. 
     First, the safety control system  200   c  and the field controller  300   c  are started at S 3   a - 1  and S 3   b - 1 , respectively, both will go through initialization at S 3   a - 2  and S 3   b - 2 , respectively. Through the initialization S 3   a - 2 , the safety control system controls the signal transmitting module  11  to transmit detection signal at F0 Hz frequency, and, then the microcontroller  1  initiates the actuator  3  via lock control drive circuit  2  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon at S 3   a - 3 . Once the firing sequence is locked, the microcontroller  1  waits for the wireless signal through the wireless signal receiving module  10  from the field controller  300   c  (S 3   a - 4 ). The field controller  300   c,  once started at S 3   b - 1 , initiates initialization process S 3   b - 2 . The field controller  300   c  may, via the wireless signal transmitting module  12 , transmit wireless signal to the safety control system  200   c  to lock the firing sequence at S 3   b - 3 . This step may be optional, but this may be done so as to ensure that the safety control system  200   c  is in locked state. If the safety control system  200   c  detect signal from the field controller  300   c  (S 3   a - 4 ), then the microcontroller  1  of the safety control system  200   c  controls the actuator  3  via lock control drive circuit  2  to unlock the firing sequence of the portable weapon at S 3   a - 5  (via S 3   a - 4 (Y)); otherwise, the microcontroller  1  of the safety control system  200   c  controls the actuator  3  via lock control drive circuit  2  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon at S 3   a - 3  (via S 3   a - 4 (N)). Alternatively, at state S 3   b - 3 , the field controller  300   c  may not transmit any wireless signal to the safety control system  200   c,  thus the safety control system  200   c  would unlock the firing sequence of the portable weapon only when the safety control system  200   c  receives “unlock” signal. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the signal receiving module  13  may be an infrared sensing module similar to that is shown in  FIG. 1.12 , and the signal transmitting module  11  may be an infrared emitter which is mounted on the portable weapon. The signal receiving module  13  has a specific set of values for r, d and f for the pyroelectric infrared sensor to define the detectable sensing angle/range θ as shown in  FIG. 1.12 . If an angle between the signal transmission direction θ T  and the signal receiving direction θ R  is less than the pre-set value θ (θ is preset as 45°, it is adjustable), the signal receiving module  13  of the field controller  300   c  could receive the detection signal from the transmitting module  11 . The microcontroller  4  examines whether the signal receiving module  13  receives the signal from the signal transmitting module  11 . The field microcontroller  4  controls the wireless signal transmitting module  12  to send the wireless signal to the safety control system  200   c  to unlock the firing sequence at S 3   b - 5  via S 3   b - 4 (Y) if the signal is detected, or to lock the filing sequence if the signal is not detected at S 3   b - 3  via S 3   b - 4 (N). 
     As it can be seen from  FIG. 1.32   a,  the safety control system  200   c  has only two states: locked S 3   a - 3  or unlocked S 3   a - 5 . In this regard, the safety control system  200 s should go into “unlocked” state S 3   a - 5  only if and when the safety control system  200   c  receives/receiving the “unlock” signal from the field controller  300   c;  otherwise, the safety control system  200   c  should be in “locked” state S 3   a - 3  (i.e. positive detection of “lock” signal or negative detection of “unlock” signal should cause the safety control system  200   c  to be in “locked” state S 3   a - 3 ). 
     Similarly, as shown in  FIG. 1.32   b,  the field controller  300   c  has only two states: send “lock” signal (or send nothing) S 3   b - 3  or send “unlock” signal S 3   b - 5 . That decision would be made by the field controller  300   c  based on whether direction signal is received (S 3   b - 4 ). 
     The signal transmitting module  11  may comprise an infrared emitter  51  in a housing  52 , where the shape of the housing  52  is in a cylindrical shape as shown in  FIG. 1.3 a    or conical shape as shown in  FIG. 1.3   b.    
     One or more signal receiving module  13  of the field controller  300   c  may be installed about a target or on a wall of bullet trap. 
     The signal transmitting module  11  and the signal receiving module  13  may comprise an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver, MMW radar transmitter and receiver, and other similar transmitting and receiving modules, any of which can be used to achieve substantially the same results to detect the direction to where the portable weapon points. 
     According to another aspect of the present invention, it provides a portable weapon safety control system  200   d,  which includes a control system  100  and signal receiving module  13   a,  and a signal transmitting module  11   a  for keeping the safety in a shooting range or equivalent. The operation principle of this embodiment is similar to that shown in  FIG. 1.3 . The safety system controller  200   d  is installed on a portable weapon, the control system  100  of the safety controller  200   d  comprises a microcontroller  1 , a lock control drive circuit  2 , and an actuator  3  for actuating locking/unlocking of a firing sequence of the portable weapon, and the signal receiving module  13   a  for receiving/detecting a detection signal transmitted by the signal transmitting module  11   a,  which is installed in the field. The signal receiving module  13   a  is connected to the microcontroller  1 . The signal transmitting module  11   a  is for transmitting a detection signal. The control system  100  of the safety controller  200   d  unlocks the firing sequence fot he portable weapon only when the signal receiving module  13   a  receives /detects the detection signal transmitted by the signal transmitting module  11   a.    
     In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the signal transmitting module  11   a  comprises an infrared laser transmitter, for example, HLM1235 or similar; and the signal receiving module  13   a  comprises an infrared laser receiving tube, for example, ISO203 or similar. 
       FIG. 1.41  shows a process flow diagram for the safety control system  200   d  in cooperation with signal transmitting module  11   a;  where  FIG. 1.41 a    is a state diagram showing state transitions of the safety control system  200   d  based on the status whether the infrared receiver receives the infrared laser signal or not. 
     For example, the safety control system  200   d,  after started at S 4 - 1  and initialized at S 4 - 2 , the microcontroller  1  of the safety control system  200   d  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon at S 4 - 3 . Then, the microcontroller  1  monitors whether the signal receiving module  13   a  receives the signal generated by the signal transmitting module  11   a  at step s 4 - 4 . If detected, the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to unlock the firing sequence of the portable weapon, thus allowing the portable weapon to fire at S 4 - 5  via S 4 - 4 (Y); otherwise, the microcontroller  1  maintains to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon at S 4 - 3  via S 4 - 4 (N). 
     Referring to  FIG. 1.5 , according to another aspect of the present invention, it provides a portable weapon safety control system  200   e  that would be installed on a portable weapon, and a field controller  300   e,  which is in communication with the safety control system  200   e.    
     The safety control system  200   e  includes a control system  100 , comprising a microcontroller  1  for controlling a lock control drive circuit  2  to drive an actuator  3  for locking/unlocking a firing sequence of the portable weapon. The microcontroller  1  of the control system  100  is in communication with a wireless signal receiving module  10 . The field controller  300   e  includes a microcontroller  4 , which is in communication with a gesture recognition system  22  and a wireless signal transmitting module  12 . The gesture recognition system  22  may comprise one or a combination of a binocular camera gesture recognition system, a structural optical gesture recognition system, a TOF gesture recognition system, an ultrasonic gesture recognition system, an MMW radar gesture recognition system, and an AI image gesture recognition system. The field controller  300   e  is also in communication with the wireless signal transmitting module  12 , which transmits wireless signal to the wireless signal receiving module  10  of the safety control system  200   e.    
     1) AI Image Recognition System: 
     Referring to  FIG. 1.5   a,  the AI image gesture recognition system  22   a  may comprise an artificial intelligence image recognition system. The device/feature for capturing image(s) for the AI image gesture recognition system  22   a  may be installed at where an operator  60  of the portable weapon  45  can be monitored and captured. In the case of applying the invention in a shooting range or equivalent, the image capturing device/feature may be installed in front of a shooting bench. 
     The AI image recognition system is configured to recognize a human&#39;s gesture and direction to which the portable weapon  45  is pointing. Such data related to the human&#39;s gesture and direction may be sent to and be processed by the microcontroller  4  in the field controller  300   e,  or by the microcontroller  1  in the safety control system  200   e  in order to determine whether it is safe to operate the portable weapon  45 . If the AI image recognition system detects that a person is in front of the portable weapon  45 , the field controller  300   e  processes such information to send signal to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45 , or the field controller  300   e  may send the detected/calculated direction data of the portable weapon  45  to the safety control system  200   e  via wireless signal transmitting module  12 , such that the microcontroller  1  of the safety control system  200   e  may process the data to determine the safety and to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45 . 
     The AI image recognition system of the field controller  300   e  detects the direction of the portable weapon  45 , and the data may be used to determine whether the portable weapon  45  is not pointed towards a target  40  in a shooting range or if there is human in front of the portable weapon  45 . The microcontroller  4  of the field controller  300   e  may process the detected data of direction to determine the safety of carrying out the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45  and send a command to the safety control system  200   e  via the wireless signal transmitting module  12  and the wireless signal receiving module  10  whether to lock or unlock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45 ; or may relay the detected data via the wireless signal transmitting module  12 , the wireless signal receiving module  10  of the safety control system  200   e  receives the wireless data for the microcontroller  1 , and the microcontroller  1  may process the detected data to determine the safety of carrying out the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45 , and whether to control the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock or unlock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45 . 
       2 ) Myoelectric Sensor Gesture Recognition System: 
     Referring to  FIG. 1.5   b,  the gesture recognition system  22  may comprise a myoelectric sensor gesture recognition system  22   b.    
     The myoelectric sensor gesture recognition system  22   b  of the field controller  300   e  may be worn on an arm(s)  61  of an operator  60  of the portable weapon  45  (i.e. one or more myoelectric sensor(s) may be placed on the arm  61 ) for collecting the myoelectric signal and gesture data of the arm(s)  61  and calculates the arm movement for a gesture recognition. 
     The myoelectric sensor gesture recognition system  22   b  includes: a myoelectric sensor(s)  220  and a motion sensor(s)  225 . There are a number of mature products and modules which are already in the market. A direction to which the portable weapon  45  is pointing is calculated based on data collected by the myoelectric sensor(s)  220  and motion sensor(s)  225 , and the data are used for making a determination on whether to lock or unlock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45  may be made. The myoelectric sensor(s)  220  on the arm(s)  61  monitors the movement of the arm(s). The microcontroller  4  of the field controller  300   e  calculates the direction in which the portable weapon  45  is pointing to via the collected data from the myoelectric sensor recognition system  22   b.  The data will be processed by the microcontroller  4  of the field controller  300   e  or may be transferred to the safety control system  200   e  via the wireless signal transmitting module  12 /wireless signal receiving module  10 , such that the microcontroller  1  may process the collected data. The microcontroller  4  of the field controller or the microcontroller  1  of the safety control system  200   e  uses the collected data to compare with the position data of a target  40 . If the direction in which the portable weapon  45  is pointing to is not within a certain range of the target  40 , the first microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45  for safety. Only when the direction to which the portable weapon  45  is pointing is in a safe direction/region and the operator holds the portable weapon  45  with a predetermined appropriate gesture with the portable weapon  45  (for example, the detected data from the myoelectric sensor(s)  220  and motion sensor(s)  225  may be analyzed to confirm whether the operator is holding the portable weapon  45  with both hands and aiming at the target  40 ). The signal indicating the inherent feature of holding the portable weapon  45  with both hands are collected through the myoelectric sensor(s)  220 , then the portable weapon  45  is permitted to fire. Otherwise, the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45  for safety. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the myoelectric sensor gesture recognition system  22   b  may be an OYMotion™ gesture recognition arm band, such as gForce Armband™, which may include eight (8) myoelectric sensors and one (1) motion senor. The myoelectric sensor gesture recognition system  22   b  is configured to recognize the common gestures like holding the portable weapon  45  with both hands, holding the portable weapon  45  with one hand, pulling the trigger with the index finger, and holding the portable weapon  45  and aiming at the target  40 , etc. The gesture recognition armband captures the biological current on the operator&#39;s arm(s) as well as the acceleration/movement data of the operator&#39;s arm(s). Accordingly, based on the collected data, the microcontroller  4  or the microcontroller  1  or both microcontroller  4  and the microcontroller  1  may calculate the holding gesture(s) of the operator of the portable weapon  45 . 
     The myoelectric sensor gesture recognition system  22   b  may be calibrated/tuned under the following conditions. Ten (10) healthy subjects, whose ages are 30 years older, were selected. Four (4) different movements/actions of each person were collected as sample. Then, each subject performed each action for fifty (50) times; four (4) actions were, thereafter, performed by each subject for two thousand (2000) times. All of these actions/performances were recorded as test samples for improving the accuracy of the myoelectric sensor gesture recognition system  22   b.  The number of the subject and/or number of the repetition of the action movements may be increased to improve the recognition accuracy of the myoelectric sensor gesture recognition system  22   b.  In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sampling frequency of myoelectric sensor is configured to be at 200 Hz, and the sampling frequency of the acceleration/motion sensor is configured to be at 50 Hz. The eigenvalues of each action in the test sample are extracted and used as the eigenvalues for detecting appropriate/non-appropriate gestures for controlling to lock/to unlock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45 . Once predetermined eigenvalues were predetermined and pre-set, detected gestures of an operator of the portable weapon  45  can be compared to determine whether the portable weapon  45  is safe to carry out the firing sequence. When the error range between the movement of holding the portable weapon  45  towards the target  40  by the operator and the eigenvalue is within, say, for example, 10%, it is considered that the shooter has pointed the portable weapon  45  at the target  40  correctly. At this point, the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to unlock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45 . If the error range between the movement of holding the portable weapon  45  towards the target  40  by the operator  60  and the eigenvalue is beyond 10%, the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45 . 
     The myoelectric sensor gesture recognition system  22   b  can also be used to build a three-dimensional model of the portable weapon  45  and calculate the space coordinates of the portable weapon  45 . The microcontroller  4  may be configured to send the space coordinate of the portable weapon  45  to the wireless signal receiving module  10 . The safety control system  200   e  receives the spatial coordinate data and calculates the angle between the direction of the portable weapon  45  and the target  40 , when the direction of the portable weapon  45  is not within a certain range of the direction of the target  40  like above 45°, the microcontroller  1  is configured to control the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45 , thus ensuring the safety of the portable weapon  45 . 
     The myoelectric sensor gesture recognition system  22   b  may be DTing™ wristband/myoelectric technical system or other similar device, which would provide substantially the same performance 
     3) Time of Flight (ToF) Gesture Recognition System: 
     Referring to  FIG. 1.5   d,  according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gesture recognition system  22  comprise a time of flight (ToF) gesture recognition system  22   d,  where a ToF camera(s) may be disposed in front of a shooting bench in the case for a shooting range, or place where the ToF camera(s) is able to capture images of movements of an operator  60  of a portable weapon  45 . 
     The ToF gesture recognition system  22   d  may be Geefish™ Tech ToF gesture recognition system, which comprises an emitter  22   d ( a ) that emits modulated near-infrared light pulses and uses a sensor(s)  22   d ( b ) to monitor an arm(s)/hand(s)  61  of an operator  60  that are holding a portable weapon  45 . The ToF gesture recognition system  22   d  is configured to measure the distance to the arm  61  holding the portable weapon, and to build a three-dimensional outline of the arm  61 . The microcontroller  4  may be configured to carry out a machine learning, including, for example, a deep learning algorithm, to extract the profile of the portable weapon that the operator  60  holds. Once the characteristics are normalized, the microcontroller  4  is configured to recognize various common gestures of holding the portable weapon, including, but not limited to, a gesture of holding the portable weapon with both hands  61 ; or one hand  61 ; a gesture of pulling trigger with the index finger; and holding the portable weapon  45  and aiming it at target  40 . When a machine learning is used, similar to the aforementioned myoelectric gesture detection devices, the ToF gesture recognition system  22   d  may be calibrated/tuned under the following conditions. For example, five (5) healthy people at age 30 were selected, and each person performed four (4) different movements for collecting data. Each movement is performed by each person 40 times by each person, and data were collected. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the TOF gesture recognition system  22   d  is configured to have the frame rate of 45 frames per second (fps) to sample/monitor the movement of the arm(s)  61  of the operator  60 . The eigenvalues of each movement in the test samples are gathered and analyzed to determine eigenvalues for evaluating holding gestures by an operator  60 . In this regard, gestures by the operator  60  are monitored and compared with the characteristics of the test samples to determine which movement one of the four different movements/gestures that the operator  60  is making. If the range of errors between the movement of holding the portable weapon towards the target  40  and the eigenvalue is within, say, for example, 10%, the operator is appeared to have correctly pointed the portable weapon at or to the target  40 . At this point, the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to unlock the firing sequence of the portable weapon. If the error range between the movement of holding the portable weapon aiming the target  40  by the operator  60  and the eigenvalue is beyond the 10% error range, the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon. The ToF gesture recognition system  22   d  can also be configured to build a three-dimensional model of the portable weapon and calculate the space coordinates of the two ends of the portable weapon. The field controller  300   e  is configured to transmit the spatial coordinate to the wireless signal receiving module  10 , and the safety controller  200   e  is configured to receive the spatial coordinate data. By calculating the angle between the direction of the portable weapon and the target  40 , the microcontroller  1  determines whether to control the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock or unlock the firing sequence of the portable weapon. 
     4) Milli-Meter Wave (or MMW) Radar Gesture Recognition System: 
     According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gesture recognition system  22  comprise a millimeter wave (MMW) gesture recognition system  22   d,  comprising a millimeter wave emitter  22   d ( a ) and a sensor  22   d ( b ). The structure and principle of this embodiment is similar to ToF gesture recognition system  22   d  as shown in  FIG. 1.5   d.    
     5) Binocular Camera Gesture Recognition System: 
     Referring to  FIG. 1.5   e,  according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gesture recognition system  22  comprise a binocular camera gesture recognition system  22   e.    
     An exemplary embodiment of the binocular camera gesture recognition system  22   e  may be Leap Motion™ Rev.6 gesture recognition system. The binocular camera gesture recognition system  22   e  may be placed in front of an operator  60  of a portable weapon  45 , preferably facing to the operator  60 , so that movements of the portable weapon  45  while handled by the operator  60  is within the detection range of the two cameras  22   e ( a ),  22   e ( b ) of the binocular camera gesture recognition system  22   e.  Based on the principle of binocular stereoscopic vision, the gesture information including 3D position is calculated, and the stereo model of gun-holding gesture is built. Then the binocular camera gesture recognition system  22   e  is configured to track gestures of the operator  60  during the handling of the portable weapon  45 . The binocular camera gesture recognition system  22   e  can be used to identify common gestures such as holding the portable weapon  45  with both hands; holding the portable weapon  45  with a single hand; pulling the trigger with the index finger; and holding the portable weapon  45  with single hand and aiming the target  40 ; etc. The binocular camera gesture recognition system  22   e  may be calibrated/tuned under the following conditions. Twenty (20) healthy people at a certain age were selected, and four (4) different movements of each person was collected. Each action is performed 50 times, and the data therefor were collected. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the binocular camera gesture recognition system  22   e  monitors movements of the hand gestures at a frequency of 120 frames per second (fps). The eigenvalues of each movement in the test sample are extracted and used as the eigenvalues for the control. Accordingly, the movements are compared with the characteristics of the movements by the samples to determine a type of movement/gesture that the operator  60  is making. When the range of error between the captured movement and the eigenvalue is less than 10%, the operator  60  is considered to have pointed the portable weapon  45  at the target  40  correctly. At this point, the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to unlock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45 . If the error range between the captured movement and the eigenvalue is beyond 10%, the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45 . 
     The binocular camera gesture recognition system  22   e  can also be configured to build a three-dimensional model of the portable weapon  45  and calculate the space coordinates of the portable weapon  45 . The field controller  300   e  sends the space coordinate of the portable weapon  45  to the wireless signal receiving module  10 . The safety control system  200   e  receives the spatial coordinate data and calculates the angle between the direction of the portable weapon  45  and the target  40 . When the direction of the portable weapon  45  and the direction to the target  40  is not within a certain range, for example, above 45°, the first microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45 . 
     Currently, upon the binocular camera gesture recognition system  22   e  may be Leap Motion™, and uSens™, Gee Fish™ Tech, Untouch™, Vivid™ Tech. 
     6) Structured Light Gesture Recognition System: 
     Referring to  FIG. 1.5   f,  according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gesture recognition system  22  comprise a structured light gesture recognition system  22   f,  which uses a process of projecting a known pattern to an operator  60  with a portable weapon  45  and monitors the images with the known pattern projected onto the operator  60  and the portable weapon  45 . The structured light gesture recognition system  22   f  is installed at a location where the cameras may be able to capture movement of an operator of the portable weapon. 
     The structured light gesture recognition system  22   f  may be an Orbbec™ 3D sensor camera, which may be placed in front of a shooting bench in case of a shooting range, facing the operator  60  of the portable weapon  45 . The structured light gesture recognition system  22   f  may use an invisible light emitter, such as an infrared projector  22   f ( a ) where a coded infrared laser/a known pattern is projected onto an arm(s)/hand(s)  61  of the operator  60  that hold the portable weapon  45 , and the receiver  22   f ( b ) (a standard CMOS sensor) receives a reflected infrared laser pattern(s) from the arm/hand  61  that holds the portable weapon  45  and data for further processing. The position and in-depth information of the arm(s)/hand(s)  61  that holds the portable weapon  45  can be calculated based on collected data, and calculates/determines the displacement change of the movement pattern of the arm  61  that holds the portable weapon  45 , and then the whole three-dimensional space can be generated/stored. For example, the nearest neighbor algorithm may be used to extract the movements or gestures of the hand(s)  61  of the operator  60  that holds the portable weapon  45 . By using the support vector machine (SVM), the structured light gesture recognition system  22   f  can be trained to recognize the characteristics of the movements related to the handling of the portable weapon  45  by using a collection of training data samples. Finally, common gestures such as holding the portable weapon  45  with both hands  61 ; holding the portable weapon  45  with one hand  61 ; pulling the trigger with the index finger and aiming at the target  40  with the single hand  61 ; and aiming the target may be identified. 
     The structured light gesture recognition system  22   f  may be calibrated/tuned under the following conditions. For example, fifteen (15) healthy people from a specific age group were selected, and each of the people performed four (4) different movements. Each movement was performed 50 times by each of the people for correcting sample data. The 3000 groups of gun-holding gestures were extracted. The sampled data were provided to the SVM to be analyzed. In this preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gesture recognition system  22  samples the gestures/movements at a frequency of 30 frames per second (fps). Eigenvalues of each movement in the sample are calculated and used as the eigenvalues for the control. When a gesture by an operator is captured, the captured gestures are compared with the characteristics of the samples to determine what type of movement that the operator of the portable weapon is making. When the error range between the captured movement of holding the portable weapon by an operator towards the target and the eigenvalue is within 10%, it is considered that the portable weapon is pointing at the target correctly. At this point, the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to unlock the firing sequence of the portable weapon. If the error range between the captured movement and the eigenvalue is beyond the 10% range, the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon. 
     The structured light gesture recognition system  22   f  can also be configured to build a three-dimensional model of the portable weapon  45  and calculate the space coordinates of the portable weapon  45 . The field controller  300   e  may send the space coordinate of the portable weapon to the wireless signal receiving module  10 . The safety control system  200   e  receives the spatial coordinate data and calculates the angle between the direction of the portable weapon  45  and the target  40 . When the direction of the portable weapon  45  and the direction of the target  40  is not within a certain error range, for example, above 45°, the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon. 
     For example, the structure light gesture recognition system of the gesture recognition system  22  may be selected from the group consists of: Mantis Vision™, Prime Sense™, Pmek™, RealSense™, and Orbbec™. 
       FIGS. 1.51 and 1.52  show exemplary process flow diagrams in accordance with the present invention.  FIG. 1.51 a    shows a state diagram showing state transitions based on the status whether the portable weapon  45  is directed to a proper direction based on various measurements. 
       FIG. 1.51  shows an exemplary process flow diagram and  FIG. 1.51 a    shows an exemplary state diagram for the microcontroller  1  of the safety control system  200   e.  The safety control system  200   e  starts (S 5 - a   1 ) and initializes by loading the direction data of the target  40  which is one of the crucial parameters for controlling the lock control driver  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock/unlock the portable weapon  45  (S 5 - a   2 ). The safety control system  200   e  controls the lock control driver  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the portable weapon  45  (S 5 - a   3 ). Then, the safety control system  200   e  receives and monitors the direction data of the portable weapon  45  from the wireless signal receiving module  10  (S 5 - a   4 ). Based on the direction data of the portable weapon  45  and the direction of the target  40 , the safety control system  200   e  calculates the difference in the angle between the direction of the portable weapon  45  and the target  40 . If the error angle is bigger than the pre-set value θ (θ is pre-set as 45°, it is adjustable), then the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence (S 5 - a   3  via S 5 - 5   a (N)). If the error angle is less than preset value θ, then the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to unlock the firing sequence (S 5 - a   6  via S 5 - 5   a (Y)). 
       FIG. 1.52  shows an exemplary process flow diagram of the microcontroller  4  of the field controller  300   e.    
     The field controller  300   e  starts to initialize (S 5 - 111 ) and then initializes by uploading the gesture data based on sample data (S 5 - b   2 ). Once the gesture recognition system  22  starts to produce the data, the microcontroller  4  receives the data therefrom for processing (S 5 - b   3 ). The microcontroller  4  transforms such received data to direction data of the portable weapon  45  (S 5 - b   4 ). Finally, the data will be transmitted via wireless signal transmitting module  12  (S 5 - b   5 ). 
     Referring to  FIG. 1.6 , according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, it provides a portable weapon safety control system  200   f,  which comprises a control system  100  and a gun positioning module  23 , which is in communication with a microcontroller  1  of the control system  100 . The safety control system  200   f  would be mounted on a portable weapon  45 . 
     This safety control system  200   f  is suitable for shooting or similar occasions, as well as the control of the portable weapon  45 . When used in a shooting range, the safety control system  200   f  is configured such that the portable weapon  45  can only be used only within the allowed area inside the shooting range. If, for example, the portable weapon  45  is taken outside of the shooting range, the safety control system  200   f  locks the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45 , thus the portable weapon  45  cannot be fired. Based on our experiments and testing, the safety control system  200   f  was able to lock the portable weapon  45  within about 0.1 s. 
     In order to improve the safety level of portable weapons such as firearms, this safety control system  200   f  is configured to allow an operator  60  of the portable weapon  45  to operate it only in a predetermined permitted area(s). The gun positioning module  23  comprises a wireless sensor network location technology and Global Positioning System (GPS)/Augmented Global Positioning System (A-GPS) position technology to determine the location of the portable weapon  45 . Other than GPS may be used for the present invention and for the same purpose, including, but not limited to BeiDou (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)), Galileo (or global navigation satellite system (GNSS)), or other positioning system. Wireless sensor network location technology may be configured to use ultrasonic wave, blue tooth, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, RFID, ultra-bandwidth, or other similar technique to locate portable weapons. 
       FIG. 1.61  shows an exemplary process flow diagram of the microcontroller  1  of the safety control system  200   f.  After the safety control system  200   f  starts up (S 6 - 1 ), it goes through initialization process S 6 - 2  and uploads pre-determined coordinate/location information regarding allowed/permitted area(s) where an operator  60  may operate the portable weapon  45 . Then, the safety control system  200   f  locks the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45 . While the safety control system  200   f  is operating, if the data collected by gun position module  23  indicates that the portable weapon  45  is within the permitted position, the microcontroller  1  in the safety control system  200   f  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to unlock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45  (S 6 - 5  via S 6 - 4 (Y)). If the data collected by the gun position module  23  indicates that the portable weapon  45  is outside the predetermined permitted area, the microcontroller  1  in the safety control system  200   f  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon (S 6 - 3  via S 6 - 4 (N)). 
     Referring to  FIG. 1.7 , according to yet another aspect of the present invention, it provides a portable weapon safety control system  200   g,  comprising a control system  100  and a biometric sensor/recognition module  24  (i.e. fingerprint recognition). The safety control system  200   g  further comprises a wireless remote control receiver module  14 , which is wirelessly and remotely in communication with a remote controller  300   g.    
     The biometric sensor/fingerprint recognition module  24  enables an operator  60  to use his or her unique biometrics (i.e. fingerprint) to lock or unlock the portable weapon  45 . The safety control system  200   g  may store data for more than one fingerprints for more than one person. For example, in the case of shooting range, the safety control system  200   g  may store data of the fingerprints for an administrator, supervisor and other authorized staffs in the shooting range for locking/unlocking the portable weapon  45 . 
     During an operation of the portable weapon  45 , when an administrator finds some abnormal or unsafe condition(s)/situation(s) in the behavior or environment of the operator  60 , the administrator may use the remote controller  300   g  to control the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45  (this would override unlocking that was initiated by the biometric sensor/fingerprint recognition module  24 ). In other words, unlocking of the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45  only occurs when both the remote controller  300   g  and the biometric sensor/fingerprint recognition module  24  allows unlocking of the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45 . In order to further increase the safety of the operation of the portable weapon  45 , the safety control system  200   g  requires biometric information (fingerprints) from more than one person, i.e. a supervisor and an administrator of the shooting range, for example. 
     Other than use of biometric information, various other types of authentication technologies/technique may be used to replace or to supplement therewith as shown below. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 3.31 and 3.32 , the safety control system  200   j ( 1 ) comprises the control system  100  and a RFID card reader  81 , which is in communication with the microcontroller  1  of the control system  100 , for reading an RFID card  80 . The safety control system  200   j ( 1 ) unlocks the portable weapon only when the RFID card reader  81  successfully read the RFID card  80  and authenticate that the RFID card  80  is for authorized person/personnel. Once it is authenticated, the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to unlock the firing sequence of the portable weapon. Accordingly, unsuccessful reading of RFID card  80  by the RFID card reader  81 , or unsuccessful confirmation/authentication would cause the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon, such that the portable weapon cannot be used/fired. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 3.41 and 3.42 , the safety control system  200   j ( 2 ) comprises the control system  100 , a dynamic password generator  83 , an input device or keyboard  84 , and a display  85 , which are in communication with the microcontroller  1  of the control system  100 . The dynamic password generator  83  generates same random dynamic passwords at the same rate as a dynamic password card  82 . Accordingly, authorized person/personnel may enter a randomly generated password by the dynamic password card  82  through the input device  84 . Only when the password entered through the input device  84  matches with the generated password by the dynamic password generator  83 , the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to unlock the firing sequence of the portable weapon; otherwise, the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon, such that the portable weapon cannot be used/fired. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 3.51 and 3.52 , the safety control system  200   j ( 3 ) comprises the control system  100  and a physical chip card reader  86 , which is in communication with the microcontroller  1  of the control system  100 . When a physical chip card  87  is inserted into the physical chip card reader  86 , the control system  100  carries out the authentication. Only after the successful authentication, the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to unlock the firing sequence of the portable weapon; otherwise, the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon, such that the portable weapon cannot be used/fired. 
       FIG. 1.71  shows an exemplary process flow diagram of the safety control system  200   g.  For example, after the safety control system  200   g  started (S 7 - 1 ), it goes through initialization (S 7 - 2 ) by, for example, uploading biometric data of more than one authorized personnel, i.e. the supervisor and administrator. The safety control system  200   g  locks the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45  only when the safety control system  200   g  receives an emergency blocking signal (S 7 - 3 ), and unless more than one authorized personnel enter correct biometric data (or password, for example, at S 7 - 5 , S 7 - 6 ), the safety control system  200   g  remains the portable weapon  45  to be locked. 
     First, the safety control system  200   g  check whether any remote emergency control signal from the remote controller  300   g  to lock the portable weapon is received or not (S 7 - 3 ). If the remote emergency control signal to lock the portable weapon  45  is received, the microcontroller  1  of the safety control system  200   g  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45  (s 7 - 4 ); otherwise, the microcontroller  1  of the safety control system  200   g  continues to monitor for any remote emergency control signal. Once locked (S 7 - 4 ), the safety control system  200   g  further checks whether the first authorized personnel&#39;s (supervisor&#39;s) fingerprint is entered correctly (S 7 - 5 ). If not, the microcontroller  1  of the safety control system  200   g  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45  (s 7 - 4 ); otherwise, it will check whether the second authorized personnel&#39;s (supervisor&#39;s) fingerprint is entered correctly (S 7 - 6 ). If not, the microcontroller  1  of the safety control system  200   g  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45  (s 7 - 4 ). Otherwise, he microcontroller  1  of the safety control system  200   g  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to unlock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45  (S 7 - 7 ). 
     Integrated Embodiment 1 
     In order to improve its safety of operating a portable weapon, a combination of two or more of the aforementioned safety sensors/modules may be used. For example, as shown in  FIG. 2.1 , a portable weapon safety control system  200   h  may include a vital sign detection module  20 , a gun positioning module  23 , and a direction sensor  21 . The vital sign detection module  20  comprises a pyroelectric infrared sensor  42 . The gun positioning module  23  comprises an GPS module  25  and indoor positioning system using a wireless sensor network as described above. Other than GPS technology may be used for the present invention and for the same purpose, including, but not limited to BeiDou (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)), Galileo (or global navigation satellite system (GNSS)), or other positioning system. The direction sensor  21  uses a nine (9) axis motion sensor. Authorized personnel (i.e. the shooting range&#39;s administration offices) can decide which areas are considered restricted or non-restricted by using the gun positioning module  23 . When this gun positioning module  23  is installed on the portable weapon  45 , the safety control system  200   h  monitors its current location. The operator  60  of the portable weapon  45  would only be able to use the portable weapon  45  in the predetermined permitted areas. The nine-axis motion sensor in the direction sensor  21  collects acceleration data, gyroscope data, and the magnetic field data in real time. Data from the nine-axis motion sensor of the direction sensor  21  may be processed by the microcontroller  1  using a nine-axis fusion algorithm, thus the direction of the portable weapon  45  is calculated accordingly. Thus, the error range between the detected direction of the portable weapon  45  and the direction of the target  40  are monitored by the microcontroller  1 . When the error range is outside the permitted range, then the safety control system  200   h  locks the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45 , thus the portable weapon  45  is not permitted to fire. The vital sign detection module  20  is used to detect whether or not there is/are vital sign(s) present in the direction to which the portable weapon  45  points. If it detects that there are vital signs in front of the portable weapon  45 , the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45 . 
     For further safety, a wireless remote control receiver module  14  for receiving remote control signal from a remote controller  300 H, and/or a biometric/fingerprint detection module  24  may further be added. 
       FIGS. 2.11 and 2.12  shows an exemplary process flow diagrams of the safety control system  200 H as shown in  FIG. 2.1 . For example,  FIG. 2.11  is the process flow diagram of the microcontroller  1  in the polling state, and  FIG. 2.12  is the process flow diagram of the microcontroller  1 , taking advantage of its interrupt handlers and services. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2.11 , the safety control system  200   h  starts (S 8 - a   1 ) to initialize (S 8 - a   2 ), by loading the target directional data, the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45  (S 8 - a   3 ), thus the portable weapon  45  is in locked state. Subsequently, the system begins to detect whether the vital sign detection module  20  detects vital signs (S 8 - a   4 ). If a vital sign(s) is detected in front of the portable weapon  45 , the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45  (S 8 - a   4  to S 8 - a   3 ). If no vital sign(s) is detected, then, the safety control system  200   h  check whether the portable weapon  45  is in the designated spatial location (S 8 - a   5 ). If not, the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45  (S 8 - a   3 ). If the portable weapon is in the designated spatial location, the safety control system  200   h  continues to collect acceleration data (S 8 - a   6 ), to collect magnetic field data (S 8 - a   7 ), to collect gyro data (S 8 - a   8 ), and computes the direction to which the portable weapon  45  is pointing (S 8 - a   9 ). The directional data of the direction to which the portable weapon  45  is pointing is calculated by the nine-axis motion sensor. Then, the directional data of the portable weapon  45  is compared with that of the target by the microcontroller  1 , and an error angle/range between the directions of the portable weapon  45  and the target  40  is calculated. If the error range is within the predetermined permitted range θ (S 8 - a   10 ) (setting 0 to 45°, which can be adjusted according to the actual situation in the field), the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45  (S 8   a   3 ). If the error range is less than or equal to the pre-set value θ, the microcontroller controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to unlock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45  (S 8 - a   11 ). After that, the safety control system  200   h  continues repeat the process from S 8 - a   3  or S 8   a   3  and onward. 
     While the portable weapon  45  is in use (either it is in locked or unlocked state), and if the wireless remote control receiver module  14  receives the emergency lock signal from the remote controller  300   h,  the microcontroller  1  of the safety control system  200   h  triggers an interrupt service to carry out the process steps as shown in  FIG. 2.12 . First, the microcontroller  1  saves the current state (either locked or unlocked state) when it enters to process the interrupt service (S 8 - b   1  and S 8 - b   2 ). The microcontroller  1  then enters into the interrupt service (S 8 - b   3 ). The microcontroller  1  check the state whether it is in locked or unlocked state (S 8 - b   4 ). If the state is locked, it continues to be in locked state and exits the interrupt stage (S 8 - b   5 ). If the state is in unlocked state, then the microcontroller  1  checks whether a first authorized person (i.e. the supervisor) and a second authorized person (i.e. administrator) entered their fingerprints correctly. If the supervisor&#39;s fingerprint is not input correctly, the safety control system  200   h  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to remain the firing sequence to be locked (S 8 - b   7  and/or S 8 - b   8  to S 8 - b   5 ). If both the first and second authorized personnel&#39;s&#39; fingerprints were entered correctly, the safety control system  200   h  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to unlock (S 8 - b   7 , S 8 - b   8  and S 8 - b   9 ). Then, it exits the interruption state. 
     As it can be seen, some of the process steps in both or either  FIG. 2.11  and/or  FIG. 2.12  may be handled using interrupt handler/service of the microcontroller  1 . 
     Integrated Embodiment 2 
     Referring to  FIG. 2.2 , according to yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, it provides a portable weapon safety control system  200   i  for a portable weapon  45 , comprising a biometric/fingerprint recognition module  24 , a GPS module  25 , and a GPRS module  26 . As a person of ordinary skilled in the pertinent art would understand that, while GPRS is shown for this exemplary embodiment, other type of wireless technologies, such as 3G, 4G, 5G, or other wireless communication technology may be used for the same/similar purposes. Similarly, while GPS is shown for this exemplary embodiment, BeiDou (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)), Galileo (or global navigation satellite system (GNSS)), or other positioning system may also be used. The GPS modules  25  monitors geographical position of the portable weapon  45 , and the GPRS modules  26  send messages or SOS signals to a remote control center. Other technology(ies) than GPS technology may be used for the present invention and for the same purpose, including, but not limited to BeiDou (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)), Galileo (or global navigation satellite system (GNSS)), or other positioning system. The fingerprint recognition module  24  recognizes unique biometrics/fingerprints to unlock the triggers for authorized and authenticated users. 
     When a portable weapon  45  is purchased, an owner of the portable weapon  45  may place his/her fingers on the biometric/fingerprint recognition module  24  to capture fingerprint information for activating the safety control system  200   i  which may be attached to the portable weapon  45 . Then, the captured information may be sent to a server of a remote control center via the GPRS modules  26  as a part of registration for the portable weapon  45 . In this way, the portable weapon  45  may be used only by its authenticated owner, and others are unable to unlock the portable weapon  45 . The permitted areas where the portable weapon is allowed to use may be predefined by the remote control center, and communicated to the safety control system  200   i  via the GPRS modules  26 . 
     For example, once the GPS modules  25  detects that the current geographical position of the portable weapon  45  is in a school, the safety control system  200   i  prevents the user of the portable weapon from unlocking it even if the operator is authenticated through the biometric/fingerprint recognition module  24 . On the contrary, if the GPS module  25  detects that geographical position of the portable weapon  45  is inside the house of the owner of the portable weapon  45 , the safety control system  200   i  is able to unlock the portable weapon  45  and the owner may use it to defend him/herself and/or to protect his/her properties. In the permitted areas, the portable weapon  45  is usually locked as its normal state and cannot be unlocked without the authentication of its authorized user via the biometric/fingerprint recognition module  24 . 
     The safety control system  200   i  is installed on the portable weapon  45 .  FIG. 2.21  is an exemplary process flow diagram of the microcontroller  1  when the safety control system  200   i  goes into low-power mode.  FIG. 2.22  is an exemplary process flow diagram of the microcontroller  1  when interrupt is triggered. 
     When the safety control system is powered on (S 9 - a   1 ), the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45  (S 9 - a   2 ). After that, the safety control system  200   i  check the state whether the portable weapon  45  is locked or unlocked (S 9 - a   3 ). If it is in unlocked state, delay for T 1   s  (S 9 - a   5 ), and the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45  (S 9 - a   6 ). If it is in locked state or just locked through the step S 9 - a   6 , then the microcontroller checks if the portable weapon  45  has been in locked state for more than T 2  seconds (where T 2  is a predetermined and pre-set value) (S 9 - a   7 ). If so, the microcontroller  1  enters low-power mode or sleep mode (S 9 - a   8 ), waiting to be awoken. 
     If a user would like to fire the portable weapon, he/she must provide authenticated fingerprints to the biometric/fingerprint recognition module  24  to unlock the portable weapon. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2.22 , once the biometric/fingerprint recognition module  24  detects a finger is placing on the module  24 , the safety control system  200   i  wakes up and runs an interrupt routine (S 9 - b   1 /S 9 - b   2 ). The GPS module  25  receives GPS signals and the safety control system  200   i  reads the geographical information to identify whether the current position is inside the permitted area to operate the portable weapon  45  (S 9 - b   3 /S 9 - b   4 ). If the detected location of the portable weapon  45  is outside of the permitted area to use the portable weapon  45  (for example, in a school or a public area), the safety control system  200   i  exits the interrupt service and keeps the portable weapon  45  to be locked (S 9 - b   4 /S 9 - b   8 ). If the detected location of the portable weapon is inside the permitted area to use the portable weapon  45  (i.e. in a shooting range, or in the owner&#39;s house), the safety control system  200   i  captures the fingerprints through the biometric/fingerprint recognition module  24  and identifies whether the user&#39;s fingerprint matches with any one of the fingerprints of the authenticated/authorized users. If the fingerprints do not match, the safety control system  200   i  exits the interrupt service and keeps the portable weapon in locked state (S 9 - b   4 /S 9 - b   5 /S 9 - b   8 ). If the fingerprint matches with the authenticated/authorized one, the safety control system controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to unlock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45 . The GPRS module  26 , then, sends this event to the remote control center for the records and for security checks of a government(S 9 - b   4 /S 9 - b   5 /S 9 - b   6 /S 9 - b   7 ). After that, the safety control system  200   i  continuously detects the state of the portable weapon  45  (S 9 - a   3 /S 9 - a   4  in  FIG. 2.21 ). Once it detects the lock is opened, the safety control system  200   c  keeps it unlocked for a T 1s  seconds (S 9 - a   5  in  FIG. 2.21 ). During this T 1s  period, the authenticated user of the portable weapon  45  would have a sufficient time duration to shoot/operate the portable weapon  45 . After T 1s  seconds, the safety control system  200   i  locks the trigger for safety or to prevent advertent mischarge (S 9 - a   6 ). 
     An exemplary system configuration for the remote control center  600  is shown in  FIG. 2.23 , which is a remote controller, server or remote computer system that may include a processor  28  and its memory unit  33 , a wireless communication module  27 , a display  29 , a buzzer  30 , a warning light  31  and a router  32 . The wireless communication module  27  receives signals from the GPRS module  26  of a safety control system  200 ( a ) installed on a portable weapon  45 . The memory unit  33  stores various date related to servers and databases in the remote control center  600 . The display  29  shows detailed information of the portable weapon(s)  45  and the safety control systems  200 ( a ) on the display  29 . When unusual situations occur (illegal positions to use a portable weapon, signal losses, deliberate destruction), the detailed information is displayed on the display  29 . Besides, the buzzer  30  and a warning light  31  may be activated to raise an alarm. The router  32  connects processor  28  of the control center  600  with the Internet/LAN (or any types of network)  15  and allows the network equipment  16  to access the servers and database. 
     The network equipment  16  may access the servers and database of the control center  600  via the Internet  15 , and administrators with authority are able to check the state of the portable weapons  45  in real-time. The administrators log on to the safety control systems  200 ( a ) and can access the database for detailed information of portable weapons connected to the control center  600 , like type of portable weapons, date of purchase, serial number (and/or registration number, if applicable), address, owner&#39;s information, including one or more of owner&#39;s name, address, operator&#39;s license number, if applicable, etc., movement trajectories, areas where the portable weapon  45  appears and status whether the portable weapon is deliberately/maliciously damaged/destructed. But general users can only access their own guns&#39; database to check records via the Internet  15  from desktops or mobile phones  17 . 
     The control center  600  may be built based on Linux operation systems, and Boa embedded web servers; however, a person of ordinary skilled in the pertinent art would understand that other similar or different operating systems and web servers would also be utilized for the same/similar purposes. SQLite database may be installed on the ARM Linux OS; however, a person of ordinary skilled in the pertinent art would understand that other similar or different databases would also be utilized for the same/similar purposes. The SQLite database may be used for storing information of all activated safety control systems  200 ( a ), such as the types of the portable weapons (i.e. handgun, rifle, etc.), dates purchased, names and IDs of owners, trajectories, deliberate destruction. Internet devices including mobile phones  17  can access the Boa web servers to check information of the portable weapons in real-time via the Internet  15  or wireless base stations  19 . The SQLite database stores map data of the public areas (such as schools, churches, supermarkets, stadium, city halls, government buildings, etc.) This information is marked and stored in the map data. 
     The safety control systems  200 ( a ) regularly samples GPS data, and send GPS information to the control center  600  via GPRS/ 3 G module. After receiving the GPS information, the control center  600  stores the data in the database and compares the received GPS data with the targeted public areas. If the portable weapon  45  is detected in the public areas, the buzzer  30  and warning light  31  are activated to raise the alert and the display  29  shows that the portable weapon  45  is in danger. In the meantime, the control center  600  also sends signals to lock (or unlock) the portable weapon  45  via the 3G/4G module. Upon receiving the signals, the portable weapon  45  would be safely locked and cannot be fired. The control center  600  may be just a simple remote controller that would remotely broadcast/send signals to lock (or unlock) the portable weapon  45 . 
     Preferably, a remote controller (not shown) similar to the remote controller  300 H shown in  FIG. 2.1  may be added to control the portable weapon safety control system  200 ( a ). A manager/supervisor or authorized person may control the portable weapon  45  to be locked at any time through the remote controller. The management personnel or the security agency can also perform security control on the portable weapon  45  at any time through the control center  600 . The administrator or security authority may have greater control rights through the control center  600  than the wireless remote controller (not shown), and, thus, if there is any conflict between the commands from the remote controller and the control center ( 600 ), the control center may have a higher priority (or the other way around, and such settings may be configurable). In this way, the portable weapons  45  may be controlled safely in real time according to policies, regulations and actual conditions to ensure the safety of the portable weapons. After experimental testing, the control center  600  may control within a minimum delay, such delay may be for 0.15˜0.25 s (the time delay may be depending on, for example, the network delay), and the time delay for controlling the portable weapon  45  from the remote controller may be about/within 0.1˜0.15 s. 
     If the control center  600  detects signals from the portable weapon  45  fading away (signal strength is less than a threshold), or the portable weapon  45  fails to send out signals to the control center  600 , the portable weapon  45  is recognized to be in dangerous state. Accordingly, the control center  600  sends signals to lock the portable weapon  45  in order to maintain the safety. 
     An alarm system in the safety control system may detect disassembly and deliberate destruction of the portable weapon  45 .  FIGS. 3.1 and 3.2  shows an exemplary detection device MS 1  for detecting such unauthorized disassembly/deliberate destruction of the portable weapon  45 . The detection device MS 1  comprises a lever MS 11 , which cooperates with a button or contact sensor MS 10 . The lever MS 11  is operable, and biased such that without any forces, the lever MS 11  does not depress the button MS 10 . When installed, the lever MS 11  is arranged to be pressing against the button MS 10 , such that the lever MS 11  pushes/depresses the button MS 10  to indicate that the portable weapon  45 , i.e. the grip guard cover G 2 , is in place/good condition for use; however, when the guard cover G 2  is detached from the portable weapon  45 , it causes the lever MS 11  to move away from the button M 10 , thus the lever MS 11  release the button MS 10 . This action would cause the safety control system  200 ( a ) to detect destruction of the portable weapon  45 . When the safety control system  200 ( a ) is being destroyed with malice, the safety control system  200 ( a ) is configured to send control signals to the control center  600 . The control center  600  records the event and raises the alarm. To guarantee the reliability of the safety control system  200 ( a ), two separate GPS modules  25  are installed in the safety control system  200 ( a ). Therefore, the safety control system  200 ( a ) is configured to work properly, even if one GPS module  25  is broken or out of order. 
     When the portable weapon  45  is purchased and activated, the owner&#39;s information is recorded and stored in the database of the control center  600 . Different users with different profiles have different privileges. For example, general users (or unauthorized user) cannot use their portable weapons in public areas, while policemen are allowed to bear portable weapons and shoot when they are carrying out their duties in public areas. Therefore, the control center  600  determines the user&#39;s profile and privilege and sends proper signals to lock or unlock the portable weapons. The portable weapons of general users are locked in public areas, while the portable weapons of policemen are free to charge and shoot while carrying out their duties, because they have higher privilege. 
     When the owner of the portable weapon would require using the portable weapon for his or her self-defense, the safety control system  200 ( a ) may immediately unlock the portable weapons, so that the owner can defend him/herself against the criminals. 
     Integrated Embodiment 3 
     According to another embodiment of the present invention, it provides a system includes a portable weapon safety control system  200   j  and a field controller  300   j.  The safety control system  200   j  mounts on a portable weapon  45 , which include the first microcontroller  1  and an RFID electronic tag module  35  that communicate with the microcontroller  1 , and/or a gun positioning module  23  with the wireless communication module  27 . The microcontroller  1  is connected with the lock control drive circuit  2 . The field controller  300   j  includes a beacon base station  150  and/or control center  600  installed in a public place. Wherein, the control center  600  is the same as described above in the integrated embodiment 2. 
     The RFID electronic tag module  35  corresponds with the beacon base stations  150  that are placed at the public locations. Wireless transmitting signals will be sent via free public radio spectrum at, for example, a 433 MHz frequency band. Currently, the signal coverage radius can reach up to 300 meters. The RFID electronic tag module  35  is installed on the safety control system  200   j  on the portable weapon  45 . The RFID electronic tag module  35  corresponds with the beacon transmission module  155 , which is used to receive the transmission signal from the station. When the RFID electronic tag module  35  receives the signal from the station, the microcontroller  1  will control the lock control drive  2  to drive the actuator  3  to remain locked in order to prevent any shooting occur at the public locations. 
     The safety control system  200   j  includes one or more unlocking module, which is a device to unlock the portable weapon  45  by entering and confirming the user information. The unlocking modules may include, but not limits to, a face recognition module  36 , IC induction module, dynamic password module, heart rate blood oxygen module, finger-vein recognition module and inserting physical chip modules for the unlocking methods. The wireless communication module  27  includes but not limits to GPRS module  26 , 3G communication module  34 , 4G communication module, 5G communication module and other wireless communication modules. The gun positioning module  23  includes but not limits to GPS module  25 . For example, other than GPS may be used for the present invention and for the same purpose, including, but not limited to BeiDou (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)), Galileo (or global navigation satellite system (GNSS)), or other positioning system. 
       FIG. 2.3  is an exemplary block diagram, showing the RFID electronic tag module  35 , GPS module  25 , 3G communication module  34  and face recognition module  36 . 
       FIG. 2.31  is an exemplary process flow diagram of interrupt that triggered by the RFID electronic tag module  35 .  FIG. 2.32  is an exemplary process flow diagram showing how the system is under the polling state.  FIG. 2.33  is an exemplary process flow diagram that shows how the system interrupt which triggered by the face recognition unlocking module  36 . Whereas, the interrupt that triggered by the RFID electronic tag module  35  has a higher priority than the one triggered by the face recognition unlocking module  36 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 2.32 , when the safety control system  200   j  is power-on, the safety control system  200   j  starts to initialize (S 10 - b   1 ), and the microcontroller  1  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to keep the portable weapon  45  locked (S 10 - b   2 ). The safety control system  200   j  monitors the RFID electronic tag module  35  to detect whether the transmission signal from a station is received (S 10 - b   3 ). If the RFID electronic tag module  35  detects the signal, the safety control system  200   j  enter to handle an interrupt service that triggered by the RFID electronic tag module  35  (S 10 - a   1 /S 10 - a   2 , in  FIG. 2.31 ). Please be aware that the interrupt has a higher priority than the one triggered by the face recognition unlocking module  36 . Then, the safety control system  200   j  lock the firing sequence of the portable weapon  45 , and then exit the interrupt that was triggered by the RFID module  35 (S 10 - a   3 /S 10 - a   4  in  FIG. 2.31 ). At this moment, the portable weapon  45  remains locked. When the safety control system  200   j  detects that the portable weapon is at its locked stage and the locking period is larger than T 2   s  (t≥T 2   s ), then the microcontroller  1  controls the system to enter a low-power or sleep mode (S 10 - b   8 /S 10 - b   9  in  FIG. 2.32 ). 
     When the facial ID recognition button is pressed, the safety control system  200   j  enters the interrupt that triggered by the face recognition unlocking module  36  (S 10 - c   1 /S 10 - c   2  in  FIG. 2.33 ). Firstly, the safety control system  200   j  will check whether the RFID electronic tag module  35  has received the detection signal from the beacon signal station  150  (S 10 - c   3  in  FIG. 2.33 ). If the RFID electronic tag module  35  detects the beacon signal from the station, the safety control system  200   j  will exit the interrupt and continue to maintain the locking state (S 10 - c   3 /S 10 - c   9  in  FIG. 2.33 ). Therefore, it is impossible to unlock the portable weapon  45  through the face recognition unlocking module  36  in public. If an operator of the portable weapon is at home or at a shooting range, then the RFID electronic tag module  35  will be unable to receive the detection signal from the beacon signal station  150 . At this point, when the face recognition unlocking module  36  is triggered, the safety control system  200   j  will read the GPS data (S 10 - c   3 /S 10 - c   4  in  FIG. 2.33 ). If the safety control system  200   j  detects that the portable weapon  45  is outside the permitted geographical area (such as various schools and public places), the safety control system  200   j  exits the interrupt stage and continue to remain the portable weapon to be locked (S 10 - c   5 /S 10 - c   9  in  FIG. 2.33 ). If the safety control system  200   j  detects that the portable weapon  45  is inside a permitted geographic location/area (such as the shooter&#39;s home or shooting range), the safety control system  200   j  continues to check whether the face recognition data entered matches the original data when the gun is activated by the operator (S 10 - c   5 /S 10 - c   6  in  FIG. 2.33 ). If facial data matches, the safety control system  200   j  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to unlock the portable weapon  45 . Then, the safety control system  200   j  sends the unlocked information to the control center  600  through the 3G communication module  34  and registers the unlocked shooting information for later verification by an authorized personnel/officer(s). The safety control system  200   j  then exits the interrupt stage and enters the polling state (S 10 - c   6 ˜S 10 - c   9  in  FIG. 2.33 ). The safety control system  200   j  continuously detects whether RFID electronic tag module  35  receives detection signals from the beacon signal station  150 . If the detection signal of the beacon signal station  150  is not detected, the portable weapon remains in the locked stage (S 10 - b   3  to S 10 - b   4  in  FIG. 2.32 ). When the status indicates “unlocked”, the safety control system  200   j  makes the unlock time last for a period of time (t=T 1   s ), within this time (t=T 1   s ), the operator of the portable weapon would have sufficient time to fire the portable weapon, such as justifiable defense or hunting. After t=T 1   s,  the safety control system  200   j  controls the lock control drive circuit  2  to drive the actuator  3  to lock the portable weapon and remains locked (S 10 - b   5 ˜S 10 - b   7  in  FIG. 2.32 ). If the locked state is detected, the safety control system  200   j  continues to detect whether the locking period lasts for t greater than or equal to T 2s (S 10 - b   5 /S 10 - b   8  in  FIG. 2.32 ), the safety control system  200   j  continues to detect and execute according to the above process. 
     Use of the face recognition unlocking module  36  is only for an illustration purpose(s) only. Accordingly, there are various other identification methods can also be used and implemented to meet various requirements to guarantee the safety. 
     For example, when the dynamic password unlocking module is used, if the provided dynamic password cannot match with the original password entered during the activation of the portable weapon, the portable weapon would remain to be in locked. 
     Another example, when the heart rate and blood oxygen unlocking module is used, if the safety control system of the present invention detects any abnormal heart rate or heart rate variability (HRV), which indicates a people is nervous, sympathovagal unbalance, or even under unconscious condition, then the portable weapon will be locked. 
     The method of the embodiment effectively solves the safety problem of the use of firearms in public places. These public places must have the beacon signals be installed in advance with our security control system to match the beacon signal station  150 . In this way, shooting in public places can be effectively controlled and prevented. 
     All the safety control systems mentioned above can be used separately or jointly with all the trigger locks and electrical actuated firearm, to form the smart firearm trigger lock, which are all under the protection of this invention.