Patent Publication Number: US-9886920-B2

Title: Display apparatus

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This U.S. non-provisional patent application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-0108263, filed on Jul. 30, 2015, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the content of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field 
     One or more aspects of example embodiments of the present invention relate to a display apparatus. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     In recent years, various display devices, such as liquid crystal displays, organic light emitting displays, electrowetting display devices, plasma display panels, electrophoretic display devices, etc., have been developed. The display devices may be applied to various electronic equipment, such as smart phones, digital cameras, notebook computers, navigation devices, etc. 
     In general, the display device displays colors using three primary colors of red, green, and blue colors. The red, green, and blue colors correspond to spectral sensitivity curves of three cone cells of the human eye, respectively. 
     The above information disclosed in this Background section is for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention, and therefore, it may contain information that does not constitute prior art. 
     SUMMARY 
     One or more aspects of example embodiments of the present invention are directed toward a display apparatus that considers visual characteristics of a user. 
     According to an embodiment of the present invention, a display apparatus includes: a display panel configured to display a first image having a first image spectrum corresponding to a first animal spectral sensitivity curve of a first cone cell of an animal, and to display a second image having a second image spectrum corresponding to a second animal spectral sensitivity curve of a second cone cell of the animal, in response to output image data, and at least one of the first and second animal spectral sensitivity curves is different from first, second, and third human spectral sensitivity curves of cone cells of a human that perceive red, green, and blue colors, respectively. 
     The display apparatus may further include a controller configured to output the output image data, and the output image data may include: first primary color image data including information of a first animal primary color corresponding to the first animal spectral sensitivity curve; and second primary color image data including information of a second animal primary color corresponding to the second animal spectral sensitivity curve, and the display panel may be configured to display the first and second images in response to the first and second primary color image data, respectively. 
     At least one of the first and second animal primary colors may be different from the red, green, and blue colors corresponding to visual characteristics of the human. 
     At least one of the first and second images may include a non-visible component that is not perceived by the human. 
     The non-visible component may include an ultraviolet ray and/or a near-ultraviolet ray. 
     The controller may be configured to generate information corresponding to the non-visible component from input image data. 
     The controller may be configured to receive input image data, and to convert the input image data to the first primary color image data and the second primary color image data based on the first and second animal primary colors, and the input image data may include information corresponding to the red, green, and blue colors. 
     At least one of the first and second animal spectral sensitivity curves may include a peak wavelength that is different from peak wavelengths of the first, second, and third human spectral sensitivity curves, and at least one of the first and second animal spectral sensitivity curves may include a full width half maximum that is different from full width half maximums of the first, second, and third human spectral sensitivity curves. 
     The peak wavelength of the second animal spectral sensitivity curve may be shorter than the peak wavelength of the third human spectral sensitivity curve, the full width half maximum of the second animal spectral sensitivity curve may be wider than the full width half maximum of the third human spectral sensitivity curve, the peak wavelength of the second animal spectral sensitivity curve may be shorter than the peak wavelength of the first animal spectral sensitivity curve, and the peak wavelength of the third human spectral sensitivity curve may be shorter than the peak wavelengths of the first and second human spectral sensitivity curves. 
     The display panel may include: a first sub-pixel configured to display the first image; and a second sub-pixel configured to display the second image. 
     The first sub-pixel may include a first color filter having a first transmittance corresponding to the first animal spectral sensitivity curve, and the second sub-pixel may include a second color filter having a second transmittance corresponding to the second animal spectral sensitivity curve. 
     Center wavelengths of the first and second transmittances may be the same as center wavelengths of the first and second animal spectral sensitivity curves, respectively. 
     The display apparatus may further include a backlight including: a first light source configured to emit a first light having a first animal primary color corresponding to the first animal spectral sensitivity curve during a first field of a frame period; and a second light source configured to emit a second light having a second animal primary color corresponding to the second animal spectral sensitivity curve during a second field of the frame period, and the display panel may include a liquid crystal layer, the display panel being configured to display the first image during the first field, and to display the second image during the second field. 
     The first light source may be configured to be turned on during a plurality of first on periods of the first field, and may be configured to be turned off during a first off period between the first on periods, and the second light source may be configured to be turned on during a plurality of second on periods of the second field, and may be configured to be turned off during a second off period between the second on periods. 
     The frame period may include a first frame period and a second frame period, which may be sequentially arranged, the first frame period may include the first field, the second field, and the first field sequentially arranged, and the second frame period may include the second field, the first field, and the second field sequentially arranged. 
     The first light may have a brightness lower than a brightness of the second light during the first frame period, and the brightness of the first light may be higher than the brightness of the second light during the second frame period. 
     The second animal spectral sensitivity curve may include a short wavelength component and a long wavelength component, the second image may include a third image having a third image spectrum corresponding to the short wavelength component, and a fourth image having a fourth image spectrum corresponding to the long wavelength component, and the display panel may be configured to divide the second image into the third and fourth images, and to display the third and fourth images. 
     The display panel may include a first sub-pixel configured to display the first image, a third sub-pixel configured to display the third image, and a fourth sub-pixel configured to display the fourth image. 
     The first sub-pixel may include a first color filter configured to transmit the first image, the third sub-pixel may include a third color filter configured to transmit the third image, and the fourth sub-pixel may include a fourth color filter configured to transmit the fourth image. 
     The third image may include an ultraviolet ray or a near-ultraviolet ray. 
     The display apparatus may further include a backlight including: a first light source configured to emit a first light having a first animal primary color during a first field of a frame period; a third light source configured to emit a third light having a color corresponding to a third animal spectral sensitivity curve during a second field of the frame period; and a fourth light source configured to emit a fourth light having a color corresponding to a fourth animal spectral sensitivity curve during a third field of the frame period, and the display panel may include a liquid crystal layer, the display panel being configured to display the first image during the first field, to display the third image during the second field, and to display the fourth image during the third field. 
     The third light source may be configured to emit the third light during a third on period, the fourth light source may be configured to emit the fourth light during a fourth on period, and at least a portion of the third on period may be overlapped with the fourth on period. 
     A width of the third on period may be the same as a width of the fourth on period, and the third and fourth on periods may be provided concurrently. 
     According to an embodiment of the present invention, a display apparatus includes a display panel configured to display an image including a non-visible component in response to output image data including information corresponding to the non-visible component that is not perceived by a human. 
     The non-visible component may include an ultraviolet ray and/or a near-ultraviolet ray. 
     The display apparatus may further include a backlight source configured to emit a light including the non-visible component, and the display panel may be configured to receive the light and to display the image using the light. 
     The display panel may include a color filter configured to transmit the non-visible component. 
     The display apparatus may further include a controller configured to receive input image data that does not include the non-visible component, and to convert the input image data to the output image data. 
     According to an embodiment of the present invention, a display apparatus includes: a controller configured to map a first color gamut of input image data to a second color gamut to convert the input image data to output image data; and a display panel configured to display a first image having a first animal primary color, and to display a second image having a second animal primary color in response to the output image data, the first color gamut including red, green, and blue colors, the second color gamut including the first and second animal primary colors, and the first animal primary color includes a first spectrum corresponding to a first animal spectral sensitivity curve of a first cone cell of an animal, and the second animal primary color includes a second spectrum corresponding to a second animal spectral sensitivity curve of a second cone cell of the animal. 
     According to one or more example embodiments of the present invention, animals having cone cells different from those of humans may perceive the same image as an intended image (e.g., a real image) of an object through the image displayed on the display panel. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other aspects and features of the present invention will become readily apparent by reference to the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram showing a display apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2A  is a view showing three primary colors according to visual characteristics of a human; 
         FIG. 2B  is a view showing first and second animal primary colors according to visual characteristics of a dog; 
         FIG. 3  is a view showing an operation of a controller shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a view showing a pixel according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view showing a display apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 6  is a graph showing a spectrum of a first backlight shown in  FIG. 5 ; 
         FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional view showing a display apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 8  is a view showing a time division driving operation of a display apparatus shown in  FIG. 7  according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 9  is a view showing a time division driving operation of a display apparatus shown in  FIG. 7  according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 10  is a view showing a time division driving operation of a display apparatus shown in  FIG. 7  according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 11  is a view showing a short wavelength component and a long wavelength component of a second animal primary color; 
         FIG. 12  is a view showing an operation of the controller shown in  FIG. 1  according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 13  is a view showing a pixel according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 14  is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 15  is a cross-sectional view showing a display apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 16  is a view showing a time division driving operation of the display apparatus shown in  FIG. 15 ; 
         FIG. 17  is a view showing a time division driving operation of the display apparatus shown in  FIG. 15  according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 18  is a view showing a time division driving operation of the display apparatus shown in  FIG. 15  according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Hereinafter, example embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numbers refer to like elements throughout. The present invention, however, may be embodied in various different forms, and should not be construed as being limited to only the illustrated embodiments herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided as examples so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the aspects and features of the present invention to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, processes, elements, and techniques that are not necessary to those having ordinary skill in the art for a complete understanding of the aspects and features of the present invention may not be described. Unless otherwise noted, like reference numerals denote like elements throughout the attached drawings and the written description, and thus, descriptions thereof may not be repeated. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and/or the present specification, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless expressly so defined herein. 
     Hereinafter, one or more aspects of exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram showing a display apparatus  1000  according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , the display apparatus  1000  includes a display panel  400  for displaying an image, and a panel driver for driving the display panel  400 . The panel driver includes a gate driver  200 , a data driver  300 , and a controller  100  for controlling the gate driver  200  and the data driver  300 . 
     The controller  100  receives a plurality of control signals CS from an external source (e.g., external to the display apparatus  1000  or external to the controller  100 ). The controller  100  generates a data control signal D-CS (e.g., including an output start signal, a horizontal start signal, etc.), and a gate control signal G-CS (e.g., including a vertical start signal, a vertical clock signal, a vertical clock bar signal, etc.), based on the control signals CS. The data control signal D-CS is applied to the data driver  300 , and the gate control signal G-CS is applied to the gate driver  200 . 
     The gate driver  200  sequentially outputs gate signals in response to the gate control signal G-CS provided from the controller  100 . The gate signals are applied to the display panel  400 . 
     The data driver  300  receives output image data Idata from the controller  100 . The data driver  300  converts the output image data Idata to data voltages in response to the data control signal D-CS provided from the controller  100 . The data voltages are applied to the display panel  400 . 
     The display panel  400  includes a plurality of gate lines GL 1  to GLn, a plurality of data lines DL 1  to DLm, and a plurality of sub-pixels SPX, where n and m are natural numbers. 
       FIG. 1  shows four sub-pixels SPX from among the sub-pixels SPX as a representative example, and other sub-pixels SPX have been omitted for convenience. 
     The gate lines GL 1  to GLn extend in a first direction DR 1 , and are arranged along a second direction DR 2 . The data lines DL 1  to DLm are insulated from the gate lines GL 1  to GLn, and cross the gate lines GL 1  to GLn. For example, the data lines DL 1  to DLm extend in the second direction DR 2 , and are arranged along the first direction DR 1 . The first direction DR 1  may be perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the second direction DR 2 . 
     The sub-pixels SPX are arranged in a matrix form along the first and second directions DR 1  and DR 2 . 
     The sub-pixels SPX may be grouped into pixels PX. Each pixel PX displays a unit image, and the display panel  400  has a resolution that may be determined depending on the number of the pixels PX included in the display panel  400 . 
     As an example, two sub-pixels SPX are grouped together for one pixel PX, but the number of the sub-pixels SPX that are grouped together for one pixel PX is not limited to two. For example, three or more sub-pixels SPX may be grouped together for one pixel PX, or each sub-pixel SPX may be defined as one pixel PX. 
     Each of the sub-pixels SPX is connected to a corresponding data line of the data lines DL 1  to DLm, and connected to a corresponding gate line of the gate lines GL 1  to GLn. 
     The display panel  400  is not limited to a specific display panel. That is, various display panels, such as an organic light emitting display panel, a liquid crystal display panel, a plasma display panel, an electrophoretic display panel, an electrowetting display panel, etc., may be used as the display panel  400 . Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, the display panel  400  will be described as a liquid crystal display panel  400 . As shown in  FIG. 1 , when the display panel  400  is the liquid crystal display panel  400 , the display apparatus  1000  may further include a backlight unit (e.g., a backlight or a backlight source)  500 . However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and when the display panel  400  is, for example, an organic light emitting display panel, the backlight unit  500  may be omitted. 
       FIG. 2A  is a view showing three primary colors according to visual characteristics of a human, and  FIG. 2B  is a view showing first and second animal primary colors according to visual characteristics of a dog. 
     In general, a display apparatus displays an image using three primary colors. The three primary colors include red, green, and blue colors, and are determined depending on visual characteristics of the human eye for perceiving colors in trichromacy. The red, green, and blue colors are perceived by a first human cone cell (e.g., an L cone cell), a second human cone cell (e.g., an M cone cell), and a third human cone cell (e.g., an S cone cell), respectively. 
       FIG. 2A  shows a first human spectral sensitivity curve SC_H 1  of the first human cone cell, a second human spectral sensitivity curve SC_H 2  of the second human cone cell, and a third human spectral sensitivity curve SC_H 3  of the third human cone cell. The first, second, and third human spectral sensitivity curves SC_H 1 , SC_H 2 , and SC_H 3  correspond to the red, green, and blue colors, respectively. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2A , the first human spectral sensitivity curve SC_H 1  represents a light receiving sensitivity of the first human cone cell as a function of a wavelength, and a peak wavelength of the wavelength is about 580 nm. The second human spectral sensitivity curve SC_H 2  represents a light receiving sensitivity of the second human cone cell as a function of a wavelength, and a peak wavelength of the wavelength is about 540 nm. The third human spectral sensitivity curve SC_H 3  represents a light receiving sensitivity of the third human cone cell as a function of a wavelength, and a peak wavelength of the wavelength is about 446 nm. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2B , the first and second animal primary colors are determined depending on the visual characteristics of the dog. In more detail, the first and second animal primary colors are perceived by the first and second animal cone cells, respectively, that are formed on a retina of the dog. Hereinafter, the operation of the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the dog being an animal other than the human, but the present invention is not limited thereto. That is, the first and second animal primary colors may be determined depending on visual characteristics of animals other than the dog. 
       FIG. 2B  shows a first animal spectral sensitivity curve SC_A 1  of a first animal cone cell, and a second animal spectral sensitivity curve SC_A 2  of a second animal cone cell. The first and second animal cone cells may be cone cells on the retina of the dog. The first and second animal spectral sensitivity curves SC_A 1  and SC_A 2  may correspond to the first and second animal primary colors, respectively. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2B , the first animal spectral sensitivity curve SC_A 1  represents a light receiving sensitivity of the first animal cone cell as a function of a wavelength, and a peak wavelength of the wavelength is about 555 nm. In addition, the second animal spectral sensitivity curve SC_A 2  represents a light receiving sensitivity of the second animal cone cell as a function of a wavelength, and a peak wavelength of the wavelength is about 430 nm. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 2A and 2B , the first and second animal spectral sensitivity curves SC_A 1  and SC_A 2  are different from the first to third human spectral sensitivity curves SC_H 1  to SC_H 3 . In more detail, the peak wavelengths of the first and second animal spectrum sensitivity curves SC_A 1  and SC_A 2  are different from the peak wavelengths of the first to third human spectral sensitivity curves SC_H 1  to SC_H 3 , and full width half maximums of the first and second animal spectrum sensitivity curves SC_A 1  and SC_A 2  are different from full width half maximums of the first to third human spectral sensitivity curves SC_H 1  to SC_H 3 . 
     Although the human and the dog may view a same object in the same way, the human and the dog may sense different primary colors from the same object, and may process information about the sensed primary colors differently to perceive colors or objects differently due to the difference between the spectral sensitivity curves. Accordingly, even though the dog perceives the image displayed on the display panel that is designed and driven for the human, the dog does not necessarily perceive the same image as the object. Therefore, the display panel according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may be designed and driven to allow animals, other than humans, to perceive the same image as the object by using the difference between the spectral sensitivity curves. 
     For example, an ultraviolet ray and/or a near-ultraviolet ray may not be perceived by the human (e.g., a naked human eye). In more detail, the human may not have cone cells required to sense the ultraviolet ray and/or the near-ultraviolet ray, and a crystalline lens of the human eye may not transmit the ultraviolet ray and/or the near-ultraviolet ray. In comparison, a crystalline lens of the dog may transmit the ultraviolet ray and/or the near-ultraviolet ray, and the second animal spectral sensitivity curve SC_A 2  may be overlapped with areas corresponding to the ultraviolet ray and/or the near-ultraviolet ray. Accordingly, the dog may sense and perceive the ultraviolet ray and/or the near-ultraviolet ray provided from the object. Thus, the display panel according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may be designed and driven to display the ultraviolet ray and/or the near-ultraviolet ray. 
     Hereinafter, a light that is not capable of being sensed by the cone cells of the human and/or not capable of being perceived by the human will be referred to as a non-visible component. For example, the non-visible component may include the ultraviolet ray and/or the near-ultraviolet ray, but is not limited thereto or thereby. That is, the non-visible component may include a light having a wavelength longer than a red wavelength, and may include an infrared ray and/or a near-infrared ray. 
       FIG. 3  is a view showing an operation of a controller  100   a  corresponding to the controller  100  shown in  FIG. 1 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , the controller  100   a  receives input image data RGB including information for the image from an external source. The controller  100   a  converts the input image data RGB to the output image data Idata in consideration of specifications of the gate driver  200  (refer to  FIG. 1 ), the data driver  300  (refer to  FIG. 1 ), and the display panel  400  (refer to  FIG. 1 ), and applies the output image data Idata to the data driver  300 . 
     According to one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the input image data RGB may include information for colors corresponding to the visual characteristics of the human (e.g., red, green, and blue colors). For example, the input image data RGB may include red, green, and blue data RD, GD, and BD having information for the red, green, and blue colors, respectively. The input image data RGB may not include the non-visible component, since the input image data RGB are provided based on the human. 
     The output image data Idata may include information for colors corresponding to the visual characteristics of one or more animals other than the human. For example, the output image data Idata may include first primary color image data ID 1  and second primary color image data ID 2 . The first and second primary color image data ID 1  and ID 2  may include information for the first and second animal primary colors, respectively. Since the output image data Idata may be provided for the dog or an animal other than the human, the output image data Idata may include information corresponding to the non-visible component. In this case, the controller  100   a  generates the information corresponding to the non-visible component based on the input image data RGB, and generates the output image data Idata using the information corresponding to the non-visible component. 
     The controller  100   a  generates the output image data Idata based on the input image data RGB. In other words, the controller  100   a  maps a first color gamut of the input image data RGB to a second color gamut to convert the input image data RGB to the output image data Idata. Here, the first color gamut is defined by the red, green, and blue colors, and the second color gamut is defined by the first and second animal primary colors. 
     For example, the controller  100   a  may convert the input image data RGB to the output image data Idata based on the visual characteristics of the human and/or based on the visual characteristics of the dog. In more detail, the controller  100   a  performs the converting operation based on the first and second animal spectral sensitivity curves SC_A 1  and SC_A 2 . 
     For example, the controller  100   a  may generate the first and second primary color image data ID 1  and ID 2  by using a correlation between the first and second animal spectral sensitivity curves SC_A 1  and SC_A 2  and the first to third human spectral sensitivity curves SC_H 1  to SC_H 3 , or by analyzing the spectrum of the input image data RGB and using the analyzed result. 
     In addition, the input image data RGB may include information for the first and second animal primary colors. In this case, since the input image data RGB already include information corresponding to the visual characteristics of the dog, the controller  100   a  may not perform a process of converting the input image data RGB in consideration of the visual characteristics of the dog. 
       FIG. 4  is a view showing a pixel according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 4  shows the first and second sub-pixels SPX 1  and SPX 2 . The first sub-pixel SPX 1  may be adjacent to the second sub-pixel SPX 2  in the first direction DR 1 . The first and second sub-pixels SPX 1  and SPX 2  may form one pixel PX. The first and second sub-pixels SPX 1  and SPX 2  and the pixel PX may have the same or substantially the same structure and function as those of the sub-pixels SPX and the pixel PX described with reference to  FIG. 1 , and thus, details thereof will be omitted. 
     The first image may represent the first animal primary color. For example, the first and second sub-pixels SPX 1  and SPX 2  may display first and second images, respectively. The first image includes a first image spectrum IS 1  corresponding to the first animal spectral sensitivity curve SC_A 1  (refer to  FIG. 2 ). A center wavelength of the first image spectrum IS 1  may be the same or substantially the same as a center wavelength of the first animal spectral sensitivity curve. 
     In addition, the second image may represent the second animal primary color. For example, the second image includes a second image spectrum IS 2  corresponding to the second animal spectral sensitivity curve SC_A 2  (refer to  FIG. 2 ). A center wavelength of the second image spectrum IS 2  may be the same or substantially the same as a center wavelength of the second animal spectral sensitivity curve. In this case, the second image spectrum IS 2  may include components corresponding to the non-visible components. 
     The first sub-pixel SPX 1  receives the first primary color image data ID 1 , and displays the first image in response to the first primary color image data ID 1 . The second sub-pixel SPX 2  receives the second primary color image data ID 2 , and displays the second image in response to the second primary color image data ID 2 . For example, the first and second primary color image data ID 1  and ID 2  may be provided as a shape of the data voltage. 
     In the case where the animal (e.g., the dog) has different cone cells from that of the human, and perceives the image of the object displayed through the display panel designed and driven in consideration of the visual characteristics of the human, the animal perceives the image differently from the intended image (e.g., real image) of the object. 
     However, according to one or more embodiments of the present invention, the pixel PX is applied with the first and second primary color image data ID 1  and ID 2  including information corresponding to the first and second primary colors, instead of the input image data RGB (refer to  FIG. 3 ) generated with reference to the visual characteristics of the human. In addition, when the first and second sub-pixels SPX 1  and SPX 2  are driven corresponding to the first and second animal primary colors to display the first and second primary color image data ID 1  and ID 2 , the animal (e.g., the dog) may perceive the same image as the desired image (e.g., the real image) of the object through the first and second images. 
       FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view showing the display apparatus  1000  according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , the display apparatus  1000  may include, but not limited to, a liquid crystal display. In more detail, the display apparatus  1000  may include a backlight unit (e.g., a backlight or a backlight source)  500   a , and a display panel  400   a . The display panel  400   a  includes a lower substrate LS, an upper substrate US, a color filter CF, and a liquid crystal layer LC. 
     The backlight unit  500   a  may be located at a rear side of the display panel  400   a , and may provide a backlight BL to the rear side of the display panel  400   a . The backlight BL includes the first and second animal primary colors. In more detail, the backlight BL includes a light having a wavelength in a range (e.g., of about 360 nm to about 640 nm) in which the first and second animal spectral sensitivity curves SC_A 1  and SC_A 2  are distributed. 
     The backlight unit  500   a  may include a light source for generating the backlight, and an optical sheet for controlling a distribution of the backlight BL. 
     The liquid crystal layer LC is between the lower substrate LS and the upper substrate US. The upper and lower substrates US and LS respectively include electrodes to form an electrical field in the liquid crystal layer LC. The electrodes correspond to the first and second sub-pixels SPX 1  and SPX 2 . Liquid crystal molecules included in the liquid crystal layer LC are controlled by the electrical field, and thus, a transmittance of the first and second sub-pixels SPX 1  and SPX 2  with respect to the backlight BL may be controlled. 
     The color filter CF includes a first color filter CF 1  and a second color filter CF 2 . For example, the first and second color filters CF 1  and CF 2  are included in the upper substrate US, and form the first and second sub-pixels SPX 1  and SPX 2 , respectively, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The first and second sub-pixels SPX 1  and SPX 2  may have colors depending on the transmittance in accordance with the wavelength of the first and second color filters CF 1  and CF 2 . 
     In more detail, a first transmittance T 1  of the first color filter CF 1  may correspond to the first animal spectral sensitivity curve SC_A 1  (refer to  FIG. 2 ). For example, a center wavelength of the first transmittance T 1  may be the same or substantially the same as a center wavelength of the first animal spectral sensitivity curve SC_A 1 . Accordingly, the backlight BL passing through the first color filter CF 1  corresponds to the first animal primary color, and the first sub-pixel SPX 1  displays the first image. 
     A second transmittance T 2  of the second color filter CF 2  may correspond to the second animal spectral sensitivity curve SC_A 2  (refer to  FIG. 2 ). For example, a center wavelength of the second transmittance T 2  may be the same or substantially the same as a center wavelength of the second animal spectral sensitivity curve SC_A 2 . Therefore, the backlight BL passing through the second color filter CF 2  corresponds to the second animal primary color, and the second sub-pixel SPX 2  displays the second image. 
     As described above, the display panel  400   a  may display the first and second images corresponding to the first and second primary color image data ID 1  and ID 2  to be spatially divided by using the first and second color filters CF 1  and CF 2 . 
       FIG. 5  shows a direct-illumination type (e.g., kind) backlight unit in which the backlight unit  500   a  is located under the display panel  400   a , and directly provides the backlight BL to the rear surface of the display panel  400   a , but the present invention is not limited thereto. That is, the backlight unit  500   a  may be an edge-illumination type (e.g., kind) backlight unit. In this case, the backlight unit  500   a  includes a light source for emitting the backlight light BL towards the first direction DR 1 , and a light guide plate for converting the backlight BL to a surface light source, to provide the surface light source to the rear surface of the display panel  400   a.    
       FIG. 6  is a graph showing a spectrum of a first backlight shown in  FIG. 5 . 
     In  FIG. 6 , the x-axis represents wavelength, and the y-axis represents intensity of light. Referring to  FIG. 6 , the backlight BL includes the light having the wavelength in the range (e.g., of about 360 nm to about 640 nm) in which the first and second animal spectral sensitivity curves SC_A 1  and SC_A 2  are distributed. 
     The backlight BL may include a first peak P 1  and a second peak P 2 . The first peak P 1  may have a center wavelength of about 380 nm to about 483 nm, and may have a full width half maximum of about 5 nm to about 50 nm. The second peak P 2  may have a center wavelength of about 480 nm to about 580 nm (e.g., wavelengths of normal yellow/green/red), and may have a full width half maximum of about 5 nm to about 50 nm. 
       FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional view showing a display apparatus  2000  according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7 , the display apparatus  2000  includes a display panel  400   b  and a backlight unit (e.g., a backlight or backlight source)  500   b , and is operated in a time division driving fashion. 
     The display panel  400   b  includes a transmissive pixel TPX. The transmissive pixel TPX has the same or substantially the same structure and function as those of the first and second sub-pixels SPX 1  and SPX 2 , except that the transmissive pixel TPX does not include the color filter. Thus, repeat details thereof will be omitted. 
     Since the transmissive pixel TPX does not include the color filter, the color of the light is not changed while passing through the transmissive pixel TPX. 
     The backlight unit  500   b  includes a first light source LS 1  for emitting a first light L 1 , and a second light source LS 2  for emitting a second light L 2 . The first light L 1  may include the first animal primary color. For example, the first light L 1  may include a first light spectrum IL 1  corresponding to the first animal spectral sensitivity curve SC_A 1 . The center wavelength of the first light spectrum IL 1  may be the same or substantially the same as the center wavelength of the first animal spectral sensitivity curve SC_A 1 . 
     The second light L 2  may include the second animal primary color. For example, the second light L 2  may include a second light spectrum IL 2  corresponding to the second animal spectral sensitivity curve SC_A 2 . The center wavelength of the second light spectrum IL 2  may be the same or substantially the same as the center wavelength of the second animal spectral sensitivity curve SC_A 2 . In this case, the second image spectrum IS 2  may include components corresponding to the non-visible components. 
       FIG. 8  is a view showing a time division driving operation of a display apparatus shown in  FIG. 7  according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
     Hereinafter, the time division driving operation of the display apparatus will be described in more detail with reference to  FIGS. 7 and 8 . One frame period FR includes a first field F 1  and a second field F 2 , which are sequentially provided.  FIG. 8  shows one frame period FR from among the frame periods that may be repeated. 
     During the first field F 1 , the transmissive pixel TPX receives the first primary color image data ID 1 . Accordingly, the transmissive pixel TPX has a transmittance corresponding to the first primary color image data ID 1 . 
     In addition, the first light source LS 1  emits the first light L 1  during the first field F 1 . In more detail, the first light L 1  is provided during a first on period OP 1  defined in the first field F 1 . 
     As a result, the first light L 1  passing through the transmissive pixel TPX has a brightness that is adjusted by the transmittance of the transmissive pixel TPX, and the transmissive pixel TPX displays the first image representing the first animal primary color using the first light L 1 . 
     The transmissive pixel TPX receives the second primary color image data ID 2  during the second field F 2 . Therefore, the transmissive pixel TPX has a transmittance corresponding to the second primary color image data ID 2 . 
     In addition, the first light source LS 1  does not emit the first light L 1  during the second field F 2 , and the second light source LS 2  emits the second light L 2  during the second field F 2 . In more detail, the second light L 2  is provided during a second on period OP 2  defined in the second field F 2 . 
     As a result, the second light L 2  passing through the transmissive pixel TPX has a brightness that is adjusted by the transmittance of the transmissive pixel TPX, and the transmissive pixel TPX displays the second image representing the second animal primary color using the second light L 2 . 
     As described above, the display panel  400   b  displays the first and second images corresponding to the first and second primary color image data ID 1  and ID 2  after dividing the first and second images in time using the first and second fields F 1  and F 2 . 
     In addition, since the transmissive pixel TPX does not include the color filter, the transmissive pixel TPX transmits the first and second lights L 1  and L 2  without loss or substantially without loss of the first and second lights L 1  and L 2 , which may occur when a color filter is used. Thus, a light efficiency of the display apparatus  2000  may be improved. 
     A frequency of the frame period FR may be determined depending on the visual characteristics of the animal (e.g., the dog). In general, a critical frequency of the animal may be different from a critical frequency of the human. In more detail, since the critical frequency of the animal may be higher than about 60 Hz, which is the critical frequency of the human, the animal may perceive image flickering in the unit of a frame when the display apparatus displays the image at the frequency of about 60 Hz. 
     Thus, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the frame period FR may have a frequency that is higher than the critical frequency of the animal. For example, the frame period FR may be provided at a frequency of about 80 Hz, and each of the first and second fields F 1  and F 2  may be provided at a frequency of about 160 Hz. 
       FIG. 9  is a view showing a time division driving operation of a display apparatus shown in  FIG. 7  according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 7 and 9 , a first light source LS is turned on during a plurality of on periods OP 1  during a first field F 1 , and turned off during a first off period OFF 1 . For example, the first field F 1  may include two first on periods OP 1 . 
     During the first field F 1 , a rising period RP, a display period DP, and a falling period FP are defined in the first field F 1  according to the transmittance of the transmissive pixel TPX. The transmittance of the transmissive pixel TPX corresponds to the first primary color image data ID 1  applied to the transmissive pixel TPX during the display period DP. During the rising period, the transmittance of the transmissive pixel TPX increases to a transmittance level of the transmissive pixel TPX during the display period DP. During the falling period FP, the transmittance of the transmissive pixel TPX decreases to a transmittance level corresponding to a zero grayscale (e.g., a zero gray level) from the transmittance level during the display period DP. 
     The first on periods OP 1  are provided during the display period DP of the first field F 1 , and are spaced in time from each other by the first off period OFF 1 . Accordingly, the first light L 1  is provided during the display period DP (e.g., only during the display period DP), and the transmissive pixel TPX displays a grayscale (e.g., a gray level) corresponding to the first primary color image data ID 1 . 
     The first image is displayed during the first on periods OP 1 , and not displayed during the first off period OFF 1 . As described above, the first image is not provided to the display panel during the first off period OFF 1 , and the first image is provided to the display panel during the first field F 1  after being divided in time, and thus, a flicker phenomenon may be reduced. 
     The second light source LS 2  is turned on during a plurality of second on periods OP 2  of the second field F 2 , and turned off during a second off period OFF 2  of the second field F 2 . For example, the second field F 2  may include two second on periods OP 2 . The second on periods OP 2  are provided during the display period DP of the second field F 2 , and are spaced in time from each other by the second off period OFF 2 . 
     The second image is displayed during the second on periods OP 2 , and not displayed during the second off period OFF 2 . As a result, the transmissive pixel TPX displays a grayscale (e.g., a gray level) corresponding to the second primary color image data ID 2 , and thus, the flicker phenomenon may be reduced. 
     As an example, the first and second on periods OP 1  and OP 2  may have the same or substantially the same width as each other, and the first and second off periods OFF 1  and OFF 2  may have the same or substantially the same width as each other. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. 
       FIG. 10  is a view showing a time division driving operation of a display apparatus shown in  FIG. 7  according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. One frame period FR includes a first frame period FR 1  and a second frame period FR 2 , which are sequentially provided.  FIG. 10  shows one frame period FR from among the frame periods that may be repeated. 
     The first frame period FR 1  includes the first field F 1 , the second field F 2 , and the first field F 1 , which are sequentially arranged. The second frame period FR 2  includes the second field F 2 , the first field F 1 , and the second field F 2 , which are sequentially arranged. 
     The transmissive pixel TPX receives the first primary color image data ID 1  during each of the first fields F 1  of the first frame period FR 1 . Accordingly, the transmissive pixel TPX has the transmittance corresponding to the first primary color image data ID 1  during the first fields F 1 . In addition, the first light source LS 1  emits the first light L 1  during the first fields F 1  of the first frame period FR 1 . The first light L 1  has a first brightness LM 1  during the first frame period FR 1 . 
     The first brightness LM 1  of the first light L 1  passing through the transmissive pixel TPX during the first field F 1  of the first frame period FR 1  is controlled by the transmittance of the transmissive pixel TPX. The transmissive pixel TPX displays the first image corresponding to the first frame period FR 1  during the two first fields F 1  using the first light L 1 . 
     The transmissive pixel TPX receives the first primary color image data ID 1  during the first field F 1  of the second frame period FR 2 . Therefore, the transmissive pixel TPX has the transmittance corresponding to the first primary color image data ID 1  during the first field F 1  of the second frame period FR 2 . In addition, the first light source LS 1  emits the first light L 1  during the first field F 1  of the second frame period FR 2 . The first light L 1  has a second brightness LM 2  during the second frame period FR 2 . 
     The second brightness LM 2  of the first light L 1  passing through the transmissive pixel TPX during the first field F 1  of the second frame period FR 2  is controlled by the transmittance of the transmissive pixel TPX. The transmissive pixel TPX displays the first image corresponding to the second frame period FR 2  during the one first field F 1  of the second frame period FR 2  using the first light L 1 . 
     The first brightness LM 1  allows the first image corresponding to the first frame period FR 1  to be displayed during the two first fields F 1  of the first frame period FR 1 , and the second brightness LM 2  allows the first image corresponding to the second frame period FR 2  to be displayed during the one first field F 1  of the second frame period FR 2 . As an example, the second brightness LM 2  may be two times greater than the first brightness LM 1 , but the present invention is not limited thereto. 
     The transmissive pixel TPX receives the second primary color image data ID 2  during the second field F 2  of the first frame period FR 1 . Thus, the transmissive pixel TPX has the transmittance corresponding to the second primary color image data ID 2  during the second field F 2  of the first frame period FR 1 . In addition, the second light source LS 2  emits the second light L 2  during the second field F 2 . The second light L 2  has a third brightness LM 3  during the first frame period FR 1 . 
     The third brightness LM 3  of the second light L 2  passing through the transmissive pixel TPX during the second field F 2  of the first frame period FR 1  is controlled by the transmittance of the transmissive pixel TPX. The transmissive pixel TPX displays the second image corresponding to the first frame period FR 1  during the one second field F 2  of the first frame period FR 1  using the second light L 2 . 
     The transmissive pixel TPX receives the second primary color image data ID 2  during each of the second fields F 2  of the second frame period FR 2 . Accordingly, the transmissive pixel TPX has the transmittance corresponding to the second primary color image data ID 2  during the second fields F 2  of the second frame period FR 2 . In addition, the second light source LS 2  emits the second light L 2  during the second fields F 2  of the second frame period FR 2 . The second light L 2  has a fourth brightness LM 4  during the second frame period FR 2 . 
     As a result, the fourth brightness LM 2  of the second light L 2  passing through the transmissive pixel TPX during the second fields F 2  of the second frame period FR 2  is controlled by the transmittance of the transmissive pixel TPX. The transmissive pixel TPX displays the second image corresponding to the second frame period FR 2  during the two second fields F 2  using the second light L 2 . 
     The fourth brightness LM 4  allows the second image corresponding to the second frame period FR 2  to be displayed during the two second fields F 2  of the second frame period FR 2 , and the third brightness LM 3  allows the first image corresponding to the first frame period FR 1  to be displayed during the one second field F 2  of the first frame period FR 1 . As an example, the fourth brightness LM 4  may be half of the third brightness LM 3 , but the present invention is not limited thereto. 
     In addition, the first brightness LM 1  may be smaller than the third brightness LM 3 , and the fourth brightness LM 4  may be smaller than the second brightness LM 2 . 
       FIG. 11  is a view showing a short wavelength component and a long wavelength component of a second animal primary color. 
     The second animal spectral sensitivity curve SC_A 2  may be divided into the short wavelength component and the long wavelength component. As shown in  FIG. 11 , the spectrum SC_A 3  of the short wavelength component of the second animal spectral sensitivity curve SC_A 2  has a peak wavelength smaller than a peak wavelength of the second animal spectral sensitivity curve SC_A 2 . In addition, the spectrum SC_A 4  of the long wavelength component of the second animal spectral sensitivity curve SC_A 2  has a peak wavelength greater than the peak wavelength of the second animal spectral sensitivity curve SC_A 2 . Display apparatuses described below may display the second animal primary color corresponding to the second animal spectral sensitivity curve SC_A 2  after dividing the second animal primary color corresponding to the second animal spectral sensitivity curve SC_A 2  in time or in space using the short wavelength component and the long wavelength component. 
       FIG. 12  is a view showing an operation of a controller  100   b  corresponding to the controller  100  shown in  FIG. 1  according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
     The controller  100   b  shown in  FIG. 12  has the same or substantially the same structure and function as those of the controller  100   a  described with reference to  FIG. 3 , except that the second primary color image data ID 2  includes third primary color image data ID 3  and fourth primary color image data ID 4 . 
     The controller  100   b  receives input image data RGB, and outputs output image data Idata. The output image data Idata includes the first primary color image data ID 1  and the second primary color image data ID 2 . 
     As described above, the second primary color image data ID 2  includes information corresponding to the second animal primary color. For example, the second primary color image data ID 2  includes the third primary color image data ID 3  having information corresponding to the short wavelength component and the fourth primary color image data ID 4  having information corresponding to the long wavelength component. 
     The third primary color image data ID 3  may include information corresponding to the non-visible component. As described above, the non-visible component may include the ultraviolet ray and/or the near-ultraviolet ray. In addition, the third primary color image data ID 3  may include only information corresponding to the non-visible component, and the fourth primary color image data ID 4  may include only information corresponding to the blue color. 
     The controller  100   b  generates the output image data Idata based on the input image data RGB. For example, the controller  100   b  converts the input image data RGB to the output image data Idata based on the visual characteristics of the human and/or the visual characteristics of the animal (e.g., the dog). In more detail, the controller  100   b  may convert the input image data RGB to the output image data Idata based on the first and second animal spectral sensitivity curves SC_A 1  and SC_A 2  (refer to  FIG. 11 ), or the spectrum SC_A 3  of the short wavelength component and the spectrum SC_A 4  of the long wavelength component. 
     The controller  100   b  may generate the third and fourth primary color image data ID 3  and ID 4  by using a correlation between the spectrum SC_A 3  of the short wavelength component and the spectrum SC_A 4  of the long wavelength component and between the first and second animal spectral sensitivity curves SC_A 1  and SC_A 2  and the first to third human spectral sensitivity curves SC_H 1  to SC_H 3 , or by analyzing the spectrum of the input image data RGB and using the analyzed result. 
       FIG. 13  is a view showing a pixel according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 13  shows a third sub-pixel SPX 3 , a fourth sub-pixel SPX 4 , and a first sub-pixel SPX 1 , which are sequentially arranged in the first direction DR 1 . Hereinafter, the pixel according to an exemplary embodiment will be described with reference to  FIGS. 12 and 13 . 
     The third sub-pixel SPX 3 , the fourth sub-pixel SPX 4 , and the first sub-pixel SPX 1  may form one pixel PX′. The first sub-pixel SPX 1  has been described with reference to  FIG. 4 , and thus, details thereof will be omitted. 
     The third and fourth sub-pixels SPX 3  and SPX 4  display third and fourth images, respectively. 
     The third image may represent the short wavelength component. For example, the third image has a third image spectrum IS 3  corresponding to the spectrum SC_A 3  of the short wavelength. In addition, the fourth image may represent the long wavelength component. For example, the fourth image has a fourth image spectrum IS 4  corresponding to the spectrum SC_A 4  of the long wavelength. 
     The third sub-pixel SPX 3  receives the third primary color image data ID 3 , and displays the third image in response to the third primary color image data ID 3 . The fourth sub-pixel SPX 4  receives the fourth primary color image data ID 4 , and displays the fourth image in response to the fourth primary color image data ID 4 . As an example, the third and fourth primary color image data ID 3  and ID 4  may be provided in the shape of the data voltage. 
     As described above, the third and fourth primary color image data ID 3  and ID 4  including the information corresponding to the second animal primary color, and the first primary color image data ID 1  including the information corresponding to the first animal primary color, are provided to the pixel PX′ instead of the input image data RGB generated in consideration of the visual characteristics of the human. In addition, when the first, third, and fourth sub-pixels SPX 1 , SPX 3 , and SPX 4  are driven to display the first, third, and fourth primary color image data ID 1 , ID 3 , and ID 4 , respectively, the animal may perceive the same image as the real object&#39;s image through the first, third, and fourth images. 
       FIG. 14  is a cross-sectional view showing a display device  3000  according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
     The display apparatus  3000  shown in  FIG. 14  has the same or substantially the same structure and function as those of the display apparatus  1000  shown in  FIG. 5 , except that the display apparatus  3000  includes the third and fourth sub-pixels SPX 3  and SPX 4  instead of the second sub-pixel SPX 2 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 14 , the display apparatus  3000  may include a liquid crystal display, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In more detail, when the display apparatus  3000  includes the liquid crystal display, the display apparatus  3000  further includes a backlight unit (e.g., a backlight or a backlight source)  500   a  and a display panel  400   c . The display panel  400   c  includes a lower substrate LS, an upper substrate US, a color filter, and a liquid crystal layer LC. 
     The upper and lower substrates US and LS include electrodes to form an electric field in the liquid crystal layer LC. The electrodes correspond to the first, third, and fourth sub-pixels SPX 1 , SPX 3 , and SPX 4 . Liquid crystal molecules included in the liquid crystal layer LC are controlled by the electric field, and thus, a transmittance of the first, third, and fourth sub-pixels SPX 1 , SPX 3 , and SPX 4  are controlled. 
     The color filter includes a first color filter CF 1 , a third color filter CF 3 , and a fourth color filter CF 4 . As an example, the first, the third, and fourth color filters CF 1 , CF 3 , and CF 4  are included in the upper substrate US, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The first, third, and fourth sub-pixels SPX 1 , SPX 3 , and SPX 4  may have colors determined by the transmittance of the first, third, and fourth color filters CF 1 , CF 3 , and CF 4 , respectively. 
     In more detail, a third transmittance T 3  of the third color filter CF 3  may correspond to the spectrum SC_A 3  (refer to  FIG. 11 ) of the short wavelength component. For example, a center wavelength of the third transmittance T 3  may be the same or substantially the same as a center wavelength of the spectrum SC_A 3  of the short wavelength component. Accordingly, the third sub-pixel SPX 3  displays the third image. 
     A fourth transmittance T 4  of the fourth color filter CF 4  may correspond to the spectrum SC_A 4  (refer to  FIG. 11 ) of the long wavelength component. For example, a center wavelength of the fourth transmittance T 4  may be the same or substantially the same as a center wavelength of the spectrum SC_A 4  of the long wavelength component. Accordingly, the fourth sub-pixel SPX 4  displays the fourth image. 
     As described above, the display panel  400   c  may display the first, second, and third images to be spatially divided by using the first, third, and fourth color filters CF 1 , CF 3 , and CF 4 , respectively. 
       FIG. 15  is a cross-sectional view showing a display apparatus  4000  according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
     Referring to  FIG. 15 , the display apparatus  4000  includes a display panel  400   d  and a backlight unit (e.g., a backlight or a backlight source)  500   c , and is driven in a time division driving method. 
     The display panel  400   d  includes the transmissive pixel TPX. The transmissive pixel TPX is the same or substantially the same as that shown in  FIG. 7 , and thus, details thereof will be omitted. 
     The backlight unit  500   c  includes a third light source LS 3  for emitting a third light L 3 , and a fourth light source LS 4  for emitting a fourth light L 4 . In addition, the backlight unit  500   c  includes the first light source LS 1 . 
     The third light L 3  has a color corresponding to the short wavelength component. For example, the third light L 3  has a third light spectrum IL 3  corresponding to the spectrum SC_A 3  of the short wavelength component. A center wavelength of the third light spectrum IL 3  may be the same or substantially the same as the center wavelength of the spectrum SC_A 3  of the short wavelength component. As an example, the third light L 3  includes the non-visible component (e.g., the ultraviolet ray and/or the near-ultraviolet ray). 
     In addition, the fourth light L 4  has a color corresponding to the long wavelength component. For example, the fourth light L 4  has a fourth light spectrum IL 4  corresponding to the spectrum SC_A 4  of the long wavelength component. A center wavelength of the fourth light spectrum IL 4  may be the same or substantially the same as the center wavelength of the spectrum SC_A 4  of the long wavelength component. 
       FIG. 16  is a view showing a time division driving operation of the display apparatus shown in  FIG. 15 . 
     Hereinafter, the time division driving operation of the display apparatus will be described in more detail with reference to  FIGS. 15 and 16 . As shown in  FIG. 16 , one frame period FR includes a first field F 1 , a second field F 2 , and a third field F 3 , which are sequentially provided.  FIG. 16  shows one frame period FR from among frame periods that may be repeated. 
     During the first field F 1 , the transmissive pixel TPX receives the first primary color image data ID 1 . Accordingly, the transmissive pixel TPX has the transmittance corresponding to the first primary color image data ID 1 . 
     In addition, the first light source LS 1  emits the first light L 1  during the first field F 1 . The first light L 1  is provided during a first on period OP 1  defined in the first field F 1 . 
     As a result, the first light L 1  passing through the transmissive pixel TPX has a brightness that is adjusted by the transmittance of the transmissive pixel TPX, and the transmissive pixel TPX displays the first image using the first light L 1 . 
     The transmissive pixel TPX receives the third primary color image data ID 3  during the second field F 2 . Therefore, the transmissive pixel TPX has the transmittance corresponding to the third primary color image data ID 3 . 
     In addition, each of the first and fourth light sources LS 1  and LS 4  is turned off during the second field F 2 , and the third light source LS 3  emits the third light L 3  during the second field F 2 . In more detail, the third light L 3  is provided during a third on period OP 3  defined in the second field F 2 . As an example, the third on period OP 3  may have the same or substantially the same width as that of the first on period OP 1 . 
     The transmissive pixel TPX receives the fourth primary color image data ID 4  during the third field F 3 . Thus, the transmissive pixel TPX has the transmittance corresponding to the fourth primary color image data ID 4 . 
     In addition, each of the first and third light sources LS 1  and LS 3  is turned off during the third field F 3 , and the fourth light source LS 4  emits the fourth light L 4  during the third field F 3 . In more detail, the fourth light L 4  is provided during a fourth on period OP 4  defined in the third field F 3 . As an example, the fourth on period OP 4  may have the same or substantially the same width as that of the third on period OP 3 . 
     As described above, the display panel  400   d  displays the first, third, and fourth images corresponding to the first, third, and fourth primary color image data ID 1 , ID 3 , and ID 4 , respectively, after dividing the first, third, and fourth images in time using the first to third fields F 1  to F 3 . 
     In addition, since the transmissive pixel TPX does not include the color filter, the transmissive pixel TPX transmits the first, third, and fourth lights L 1 , L 3 , and L 4  without losing the light, which may be caused by the color filter. Accordingly, a light efficiency of the display apparatus  4000  may be improved. 
     To prevent or substantially prevent the flicker phenomenon from being perceived, the frame period FR may have a frequency higher than that of the critical frequency of the animal (e.g., the dog). For example, the frame period FR may have a frequency of about 80 Hz, and each of the first to third fields F 1  to F 3  may have a frequency of about 240 Hz. 
       FIG. 17  is a view showing a time division driving operation of the display apparatus shown in  FIG. 15  according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and  FIG. 18  is a view showing a time division driving operation of the display apparatus shown in  FIG. 15  according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 15 and 17 , one frame period FR includes a first field F 1  and a second field F 2 , which are sequentially provided.  FIG. 17  shows one frame period FR from among frame periods that may be repeated. 
     During the first field F 1 , the transmissive pixel TPX receives the first primary color image data ID 1 . Accordingly, the transmissive pixel TPX has the transmittance corresponding to the first primary color image data ID 1 . In addition, the first light source LS 1  emits the first light L 1  during the first field F 1 . 
     The transmissive pixel TPX receives the fourth primary color image data ID 4  during the second field F 2 . Therefore, the transmissive pixel TPX has the transmittance corresponding to the fourth primary color image data ID 4 . In addition, the third and fourth light sources LS 3  and L 4  emit the third and fourth lights L 3  and L 4 , respectively, during the second field F 2 . For example, the third and fourth on periods OP 3  and OP 4  may be provided concurrently (e.g., simultaneously or at the same point in time). That is, the third and fourth lights L 3  and L 4  may be concurrently (e.g., simultaneously) emitted. 
     However, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, as shown in  FIG. 18 , the fourth on period OP 4  may be provided after being delayed by a delay time D_T compared to the third on period OP 3 . In this case, the third and fourth on periods OP 3  and OP 4  may be overlapped with each other by an overlap time O_T. 
     The short wavelength and the long wavelength have a high correlation. Therefore, the transmissive pixel TPX and the third and fourth light sources LS 3  and LS 4  may be driven such that the short and long wavelength components of the first animal primary color are displayed together during the second field F 2 . 
     In addition, the transmissive pixel TPX receives the fourth primary color image data ID 4  during the second field F 2  as shown in  FIGS. 17 and 18 , but the present invention is not limited thereto. According to another embodiment, the transmissive pixel TPX may receive the third primary color image data ID 3  or new image data obtained by combining the third and fourth primary color image data ID 3  and ID 4 . For example, the third and fourth primary image data ID 3  and ID 4  may be combined with each other in accordance with the correlation between the short wavelength component and the long wavelength component. 
     Example embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the relative sizes of elements, layers, and regions may be exaggerated for clarity. Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “under,” “above,” “upper,” and the like, may be used herein for ease of explanation to describe one element or feature&#39;s relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or in operation, in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” or “under” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the example terms “below” and “under” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein should be interpreted accordingly. 
     It will be understood that, although the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section described below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. 
     It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being “on,” “connected to,” or “coupled to” another element or layer, it can be directly on, connected to, or coupled to the other element or layer, or one or more intervening elements or layers may be present. In addition, it will also be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being “between” two elements or layers, it can be the only element or layer between the two elements or layers, or one or more intervening elements or layers may also be present. 
     The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a” and “an” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” and “including,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. 
     As used herein, the term “substantially,” “about,” and similar terms are used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, and are intended to account for the inherent variations in measured or calculated values that would be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art. Further, the use of “may” when describing embodiments of the present invention refers to “one or more embodiments of the present invention.” As used herein, the terms “use,” “using,” and “used” may be considered synonymous with the terms “utilize,” “utilizing,” and “utilized,” respectively. Also, the term “exemplary” is intended to refer to an example or illustration. 
     The electronic or electric devices and/or any other relevant devices or components according to embodiments of the present invention described herein may be implemented utilizing any suitable hardware, firmware (e.g. an application-specific integrated circuit), software, or a combination of software, firmware, and hardware. For example, the various components of these devices may be formed on one integrated circuit (IC) chip or on separate IC chips. Further, the various components of these devices may be implemented on a flexible printed circuit film, a tape carrier package (TCP), a printed circuit board (PCB), or formed on one substrate. Further, the various components of these devices may be a process or thread, running on one or more processors, in one or more computing devices, executing computer program instructions and interacting with other system components for performing the various functionalities described herein. The computer program instructions are stored in a memory which may be implemented in a computing device using a standard memory device, such as, for example, a random access memory (RAM). The computer program instructions may also be stored in other non-transitory computer readable media such as, for example, a CD-ROM, flash drive, or the like. Also, a person of skill in the art should recognize that the functionality of various computing devices may be combined or integrated into a single computing device, or the functionality of a particular computing device may be distributed across one or more other computing devices without departing from the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention. 
     Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to these exemplary embodiments, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the following claims, and their equivalents.