Patent Publication Number: US-2022215352-A1

Title: Method for calculating a Maintenance Asset Health Index (MAHI) for industrial equipment

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The following application is related to the fields of maintenance for equipment used in industrial environments. Specifically, the present invention is directed to a method for calculating an index that provides insight as to the state and condition of industrial equipment, allowing for timely maintenance and better longevity, as well as more reliability as to its functioning. 
     The health of equipment used in industrial plants can be diagnosed or determined by several factors that have a direct impact over time, and their probability of failure based on said factors. There are several options for calculating an index for measuring the health of for plant assets (equipment). One option is dependent upon using real-time performance or operational data. In most plants, major assets such as turbines, generators, transformers generally have the capacity to transmit data from various sensors to the control system, however, the sub-systems and different elements that comprise the major system do not contain these sensors. Considering this constraint, another option to measure the health of the asset is to use information collected during the maintenance activities and to infer the risk of failure for that asset based on the maintenance history. Therefore, it would be desirable to have an equipment diagnostic tool that is able to accurately calculate the health index of the equipment while removing the need of having a technician individually inspect each subsystem of the equipment, thereby considerably (and more efficiently) reducing the time and effort it takes to obtain the health index of the equipment. 
     The Maintenance Asset Health Index (MAHI) object of the present disclosure uses the condition of the major asset and its components as it has been observed and recorded during maintenance interventions, the lifecycle of the asset, and to what extent the prescribed maintenance has been followed and executed. Rather than using the limited data available in the control system, the MAHI uses transactional data from the maintenance work management system to calculate and then display the MAHI indicators using a commercial off-the-shelf business intelligence software. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     
       
     
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows a hazard function and asset overhaul cycle according to the teachings of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  shows the preventive maintenance compliance calculation element of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  shows a preventive maintenance compliance dashboard drill-down according to the teachings of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  shows the inventory compliance calculation element of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  shows an inventory compliance dashboard drill-down according to the teachings of the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  shows the work order priority calculation element of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  shows a work order priority dashboard drill-down according to the teachings of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  shows the preventive/corrective measure calculation element of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  shows a preventive/corrective measure dashboard drill-down according to the teachings of the present invention. 
         FIG. 10  shows the asset condition and criticality calculation element of the present invention. 
         FIG. 11  shows an asset condition and criticality dashboard drill-down according to the teachings of the present invention. 
         FIG. 12  shows the calculation of a maintenance asset health index calculation according to the teachings of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The Maintenance Asset Health Index (MAHI) calculates the failure risk level of a complex asset using the asset and its component maintenance and condition history within a major maintenance cycle. 
     The Maintenance Asset Health Index is a function of six indicators: 
     
       
         
           
             
               Maintenance 
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               Asset 
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               Health 
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               Index 
             
             ⁢ 
             
               
 
             
             = 
             
               f 
               ( 
               
                 Probability 
                 , 
                 
                   PM 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   Compliance 
                 
                 , 
                 
                   Critical 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   Spares 
                 
                 , 
                 
                   WO 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   Priority 
                 
                 , 
                 
                   Preventive 
                   Corrective 
                 
                 , 
                 
                   Asset 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   Condition 
                 
               
               ) 
             
           
         
       
     
     Probability 
     One tool to determine the probability of asset failure, within the realm of reliability engineering, is a hazard function. Hazard is the probability that an event of interest occurs in the next instant, given that is has survived so far. An example hazard function is the bathtub curve. This curve represents failures at the start of the operation, settling in, followed by an increase in failure due to aging of the equipment. 
     For example, in the electrical generation industry, major assets, such as a gas turbine, should be overhauled frequently. Whereas the design life of the turbine is 30 years, in reality a turbine is inspected, and its components are replaced or refurbished every 2 or 3 years. Therefore, the life cycle is much shorter, and it basically begins at the last overhaul and ends upon the prescribed next overhaul. To simplify the analysis, the present invention provides a function of time based on the overhaul cycle for the major systems. As shown in  FIG. 1 , as more time elapses in this cycle, the probability of failure increases, or there is less time left to provide the proper maintenance to the asset. 
     Preventive Maintenance (PM) Compliance 
     The key to maintaining an asset healthy is to prevent any major problem by proactively inspecting, changing components, lubricating, etc. PM schedules are typically recommended by the asset manufacturer and can be fine-tuned based on field experience. As shown in  FIG. 2 , measuring how well the schedule (or prescribed) regimen is followed will indicate if the asset is healthy or if by not following the prescribed maintenance regimen the probability of failure will increase. In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention shown in  FIG. 3 , PM compliance is measured by taking all the preventive work orders over the overhaul cycle, checking the scheduled end date and comparing the actual closed date. 
     Inventory Compliance for Critical Spares 
     Having the proper critical spares do not impact the health of the asset itself, but it provides insight as to the capacity of the organization to properly react when a failure occurs and the readiness to complete a preventive maintenance work order having the right spares and the right quantity of them. As shown in  FIG. 4 , this metric is calculated by looking at the existing inventory/stock to determine if there is inventory (hit/miss) and if the quantity meets the requirements. For example, in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention shown in  FIG. 5 , when a user drilldowns to the Inventory Compliance key performance indicator (KPI), a dashboard displays the detail of the Unit—System—Asset—Part with the required and available quantities and whether the requirement is being met or not. 
     Work Order Priority 
     Further embodiments of the present invention comprise calculating the priority of maintenance work orders using the age of the work order (elapsed time since creation of work order), equipment (asset) Criticality and Work Order impact. The priority, which is defined as Urgent, Priority 1, 2 and 3, is assigned based on the calculated priority (which is a numerical value). When a user looks at all the open work orders for a system, including all its children (i.e., subsystems), there should mostly be work orders with lesser priority (Priority 2 and 3). In other words, if the maintenance department is on top of the most critical jobs, better asset health is expected.  FIG. 6  provides an example of how this factor is calculated. The drilldown function, shown in  FIG. 7 , displays the detailed information for this KPI in the form of a list of all the work order considered for the period with their corresponding priority. 
     Preventive/Corrective (Work Order Split) 
     Intuition, best practices, or common sense tells us that an effective maintenance program based on preventive work will result in less failures, and therefore in less corrective work. As shown in  FIG. 8 , this factor is calculated counting all the preventive and repair work orders for a system, including all its children (i.e., subsystems), over the overhaul cycle, and calculating the ratio of preventive measures versus repairs as a percentage.  FIG. 9  shows drilldown function, which displays the detail for each primary system for each unit with the total number of Preventive Maintenance (PM) work orders, Corrective Maintenance (CM) and the ratio. 
     Asset Condition 
     When work orders are closed in an application used for work order management, such as Infor EAM, the maintenance technician must evaluate, based on observations or the result of predictive tests (such as oil tests), the condition of the asset based on a scale from 1 thru 5 (1 is the highest, best score, 5 means unserviceable). The present invention maps the condition score to a percentage. A condition score of 1 represents 100% asset condition, 2=80%, 3=60%, 4=40% and 5=20%. The present invention further looks at the asset&#39;s children&#39;s (i.e., subsystems) condition and rolls-up the condition up to its parent, such that the most critical sub-system/component with the worst condition determines the condition of the parent asset. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates the concept for a gas turbine comprised of only 2 stages. Each stage has a set of blades and each set is an equally critical component. However, the condition, as per the maintenance evaluation, if the blade set for the first stage is determined to be poor. This determines the condition of the gas turbine to be poor. 
       FIG. 11  shows a drill-down on an asset condition KPI, where the dashboard displays a list of all the components with their corresponding criticality and condition in descending order thus providing visibility of the critical components that need attention. 
     Calculation of the Maintenance Asset Health Index 
     The last step in the process to calculate the MAHI is to assign a weight to each one of the discussed individual factors. The total sum of the weights must equal 100%. The weight distribution can be adjusted for each major system as required.  FIG. 12  shows an example of how this calculation is made. 
     In order to calculate the MAHI for a complex system, according to the principles of the disclosed invention, the following steps must be followed: 
     1. Determine the date when the last major maintenance event took place, when the next major maintenance event is due and the number of days between these dates. This is the major maintenance cycle duration measured in days. 
     2. Determine the current date and determine the number of elapsed days between the last major maintenance and the current date. Calculate the percentage of elapsed time by dividing the number of elapsed days by the total number of days in the major maintenance cycle determined in step #1. 
     3. Identify all the components and sub-systems associated with the main (complex) asset or industrial equipment. 
     4. Identify all the work orders completed during the major maintenance cycle. 
     5. Calculate the % of preventive maintenance work orders that were completed on time versus the total number of preventive work orders generated during the major maintenance cycle. This is the PM Compliance factor. 
     6. Calculate the % of preventive work orders closed versus the total number of work orders (includes preventive as well as corrective work orders) completed during the major maintenance cycle. This is the Work Order Split Factor. 
     7. Calculate the % of Urgent and Priority 1 work orders versus the total number of work orders (includes Urgent, Priority 1, 2 and 3 work orders) completed during the major maintenance cycle. This is the Work Order Priority Factor. 
     8. Multiply the current condition score (numeric scale from 1 to 6) of each component and sub-system by its criticality (numeric scale from 1 to 6). Rank the results in descending order and select the top result. This is the Critical Condition Score. Calculate the Critical Condition Index by taking the highest asset criticality and multiplying it by 6. Divide the Critical Condition Score by the Critical Condition Index. Subtract 1 minus the result of the previous calculation and multiply it by 100. This is the Asset Condition Factor. 
     9. List all the part codes listed as a critical part for all the complex asset and its components and sub-systems. Determine the required quantity for each part/asset combination. Now search for each part in the inventory/stock level records and determine if the required quantities are met by the existing stock level; this should be considered a “Hit” or numerical value of 1. If the quantity requirement is not met, this is considered a “Miss” or numerical value of 0. Count the number of “Hits” (Ps) and total number of Asset/Part combinations. Divide the total number of 1′s by the total number of Asset/Part combinations. This is the Critical Spares Factor. 
     10. Finally, take each one of the factors, multiply each factor by its assigned weight and add the results. The resulting number is the Maintenance Asset Health index for the Main (Complex) asset. 
     It will be apparent for persons skilled in the art that other variations of these embodiments could be constructed according to the state of the art and the teachings in this disclosure. The disclosure is not limited to the precise configuration described above. While the disclosure has been described as having a preferred design, it is understood that many changes, modifications, variations and other uses and applications of the subject invention will, however, become apparent to those skilled in the art without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of this disclosure after considering this specification together with the accompanying drawings. 
     Accordingly, all such changes, modifications, variations and other uses and applications which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are deemed to be covered by this invention.