Patent Publication Number: US-2021176998-A1

Title: High Protein High Fiber Bread with Added Spices

Description:
FIELD OF INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a bread product high in fiber and high in protein. The bread product is made from a yeast leavened dough. The flour is generally a mixture of gluten and one other flour such as rye, barley, lentil, chickpeas. Beaten egg is used as water substitute. Therapeutically effective concentrations of ginger and other ingredients are added to the dough. 
     BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
     Obesity and type two diabetes as well as high cholesterol are affecting increasing number of people. These metabolic diseases are currently being treated as medical conditions and many therapeutics have been developed. However, it has become increasingly evident that therapeutics is the last resort for treatment of most metabolic diseases. Diet and exercise are the key factors. In this invention, diet is the main focus for management of type-2 diabetes and high cholesterol and obesity. 
     There is a great need for food high in soluble fiber and protein. Food high in soluble fiber are digested at a lower rate than simple carbohydrates and therefore lead to lower blood glucose. Soluble fiber also absorbs cholesterol in food which reduces its absorption through the gut. High protein food helps in regulating appetite by giving feeling of satiety. Bread is one of the staples of every diet. Most people consume 2-4 slices of bread. Significant portion of dietary fiber and protein can be delivered through consumption of bread. 
     Some spices have been shown to lower HbA1C as well as cholesterol. For example, ginger at 2 g per day has been shown to lower HbA1C by 1 point as has also been shown to lower bad cholesterol and increases good cholesterol. Addition of ginger to bread to achieve therapeutically effective concentrations would be of great value to consumers who would like to lower their A1C and cholesterol through diet. 
     Cinnamon also reduces HbA1c and fasting glucose plasma at concentrations of 0.2-6 grams per day. Cinnamon was found to be less effective than ginger. Turmeric consumption between 0.5-1.5 grams per day is considered therapeutic. Theracurmin (180 mg per day), a soluble form of curcumin, the active ingredient of turmeric has also been shown to reduce HbA1c and cholesterol. Most studies of garlic use 0.6-1.2 grams per day to achieve therapeutic results. In place of ground spices, their corresponding active ingredients could be used. Active ingredients of ginger are 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 6-paradol, zingiberene, bisabolene. Active ingredient of garlic is allicin. Active ingredient of turmeric is curcumin. Theracurmin is a soluble form turmeric. Active ingredients of cinnamon are cinnamaldehyde and cinnamate. Active ingredient of clove is eugenol. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention provides a solid component and a liquid component. The liquid component is beaten whole egg or egg white. The solid component is a mixture of a vital wheat gluten and a flour high in fiber such as rye, barley, lentil, chickpeas, etc. The present invention also provides a bread product which contains effective concentrations of spices which are demonstrated through clinical studies to reduce A1C and cholesterol. Such spices include ginger, garlic, cinnamon, cloves, turmeric. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Due to current pandemic of obesity, currently there is a great need for bread products which are high in protein content and high in soluble fiber. High protein content is known to lead to a feeling satiety and therefore reduced appetite. High soluble fiber leads to slow release of carbohydrate, and it also promotes healthy bowl movement and healthy intestinal microbe population. Currently there are many varieties of whole wheat breads available in the market, but these products deliver insoluble fiber in the form of bran. Bread products high in insoluble fiber generally don&#39;t taste good. There are also some high protein bread products in the market. But there is no bread product which contains high protein content as well as high soluble fiber content. 
     Bread is one of the main categories of food which nearly everyone consumes daily. Therefore, bread can be formulated to deliver therapeutically effective amounts of natural spices and other natural ingredients which are known to lead to desired outcome. Ginger has been studied in clinical trials and it has been shown that 2 grams of ginger powder per day results in significant reduction in A1C, cholesterol and triglyceride. Similar studies are done with cinnamon, cloves, garlic, turmeric. 
     In the preferred embodiment of this invention, rye flour is mixed with gluten flour in a ratio of 2/3 rye and 1/3 gluten. Small amount of yeast is also added to the flour mix. Separately, whole eggs or egg white is beaten. The resulting beaten egg is used as the liquid for making a dough. Generally, by volume, 1/2 as much liquid is needed to form an ideal dough. Vegetable oil is also added to form a softer dough. The resulting dough is allowed to rise at room temperature for a 1-3 hours prior to baking. The resulting bread is very light and fluffy, tastes good and has a long shelf life. 
     The following is a typical recipe which makes three loaves. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protein 
                 Fiber 
                 Fat 
                 Carbohydrate 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Amount 
                 g 
                 g 
                 g 
                 g 
                 Calories 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Rye 
                 4 
                 cups 
                 72 
                 116 
                 13.6 
                 352 
                 1556 
               
               
                 Gluten 
                 2 
                 cups 
                 42 
                   
                 0 
                   
                 116 
               
               
                 Eggs 
                 12 
                 each 
                 72 
                   
                 60 
                   
                 936 
               
               
                 sugar 
                 5 
                 tbs 
                 0 
                   
                   
                 15 
                 52 
               
               
                 Oil 
                 ¼ 
                 cup 
                 0 
                   
                 54 
                   
                 447 
               
               
                 Per Loaf 
                   
                   
                 93 
                 58 
                 63.8 
                 184 
                 1603 
               
               
                 Per Slice 
                   
                   
                 4.7 
                 3 
                 3.2 
                 9.1 
                 80 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In another embodiment, 60 g of ginger is added to the flour mix in the previous recipe which results in 1 g of ginger per slice of bread. Consumption of two slices of this bread deliver 2 grams of ginger which is shown to result in reduction in A1C, cholesterol, and triglyceride. This bread has a very mild ginger flavor. 
     In another embodiment, ginger is replaced with garlic or cinnamon or turmeric or clove powder. 
     In an alternative embodiment, ginger or other spices are replaced with their active ingredients. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Protein g 
                 Fiber g 
                 Fat g 
                 Carbohydrate g 
                 Calories 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Per Slice 
                 4 
                 1.3 
                 2.7 
                 10 
                 80 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In another embodiment, chickpea flour is used instead of rye flour in a recipe similar to that of the preferred embodiment mentioned earlier. This dough results in two loaves instead of three. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Protein g 
                 Fiber g 
                 Fat g 
                 Carbohydrate g 
                 Calories 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Per Slice 
                 5 
                 1 
                 3.5 
                 5.7 
                 74 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In additional embodiments, rye flour is replaced with lentil, barley or whole wheat flour. 
     In another embodiment, various mixtures of these flours are used. 
     In another embodiment, wheat flour is mixed in with bran and gluten flour in a ratio of 3/8, 3/8, 1/4. Small amount of yeast is also added to the flour mix. Separately, whole eggs or egg white is whipped. The resulting whipped egg is used as the liquid for making a dough. Generally, by volume, 1/2 as much liquid is needed to form an ideal dough. Vegetable oil is also added to form a softer dough. The resulting dough is allowed to rise at room temperature for a few hours prior to baking. 
     The resulting bread is very light and fluffy, tastes good and has a long shelf life. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Protein g 
                 Fiber g 
                 Fat g 
                 Carbohydrate g 
                 Calories 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Per Slice 
                 5 
                 2.1 
                 3.5 
                 10.3 
                 95.6 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In another embodiment, wheat flour is mixed in with flaxseed meal, chia seeds and gluten flour in a ratio of 3/8, 1/4, 1/8, 1/4. Small amount of yeast is also added to the flour mix. Separately, whole eggs or egg white is whipped. The resulting whipped egg is used as the liquid for making a dough. Generally, by volume, 1/2 as much liquid is needed to form an ideal dough. Vegetable oil is also added to form a softer dough. The resulting dough is allowed to rise at room temperature for a few hours prior to baking. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Protein g 
                 Fiber g 
                 Fat g 
                 Carbohydrate g 
                 Calories 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Per Slice 
                 7 
                 4.8 
                 6.7 
                 9.4 
                 140