Patent Publication Number: US-8971926-B2

Title: Method and apparatus for warning a mobile user approaching a boundary of an area of interest

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates generally to a mobile receiving device, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for controlling the displayed information when a mobile receiving device travels near a boundary of an area of interest such as a designated marketing area. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Satellite television has become increasingly popular due to its wide variety of programming. Entertainment in automobiles such as DVD players has also become increasingly popular. It would be desirable to provide a satellite television system for a vehicle so that the wide variety of programming may be enjoyed by the rear passengers. 
     Federal regulations have specific boundaries enclosing specific areas for which satellite systems are allowed to display rebroadcast local channels. A satellite system located within one boundary may only display video for all channels associated with that region. Current satellite systems do not include a means for determining a location. 
     The specific areas are maybe referred to as designated marketing areas defined by land within the United States. Other countries may have similar areas. Therefore, many bodies of water are outside of a marketing area. That is, large bodies of water such as large lakes, bays and bridges over them may fall outside the marketing area. Mobile receiving devices would thus be restricted from receiving local programming even though other services are available from that marketing area. 
     In certain circumstances, the route chosen by a mobile device may be controlled. For example, a fishing boat could choose a different location. Various programming may be available only from one designated marketing area and black out in another designated marketing area. Therefore a fishing boat could choose one area over another in order to maintain reception of certain programming. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present invention provides methods of operating a mobile device that takes into consideration the location of the mobile receiving device relative to a designated marketing area. 
     In one aspect of the invention, a method of operating a mobile device includes determining a location of the mobile device and determining an area of interest fixed on the surface of the earth in response to the location. The area of interest has a boundary. The method further includes broadcasting wireless signals having location specific information therein, receiving the wireless signals at the mobile device, utilizing the wireless signals corresponding to the area of interest, and generating a warning as the mobile device approaches the boundary. 
     In a further aspect of the invention, a method of operating a mobile device includes determining a signal strength of a satellite beam, comparing the signal strength to a threshold and generating a warning when the signal strength is below a threshold. 
     In yet another aspect of the invention, a system includes a display and a controller coupled to the GPS receiver. The controller determines a location of the mobile device and determines a designated marketing area fixed on the surface of the earth in response to the location. The designated marketing area has a boundary. The controller receives the wireless signals and displays the wireless signals corresponding to the designated marketing area. When the mobile receiver approaches the boundary of the designated marketing area, it generates a warning 
     In one embodiment of the disclosure, the audible, visual or both types of warnings may be generated. The system may provide various types of warning depending on the proximity to the boundary. 
     Other advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent when viewed in light of the detailed description of the preferred embodiment when taken in conjunction with the attached drawings and appended claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a system level view of a satellite broadcasting system according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagrammatic view of a vehicle having a receiving system according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagrammatic view of the various logic of the antenna and the set top mobile receiving unit. 
         FIG. 4  is an example of various combinations of regions that can be described using polygons according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a flow chart illustrating one method for operating the present invention. 
         FIGS. 6A-6E  are a top view of various polygons for use in a point inclusion detection algorithm. 
         FIG. 7  is a flow chart illustrating a point inclusion detection algorithm. 
         FIG. 8  is a top view of three adjacent polygonal direct marketing areas. 
         FIG. 9  is a top view of polygonal region A of  FIG. 8  with a table identifying the corner points. 
         FIG. 10  is a topographic view of a portion of the earth having two designated marketing areas and a receiving device therein. 
         FIG. 11  is a flowchart of a first embodiment of the disclosure for extending the designated marketing area. 
         FIG. 12  is a flowchart of a second embodiment of the disclosure for determining a designated marketing area. 
         FIG. 13  is a flowchart of a third embodiment for determining a designated marketing area. 
         FIG. 14  is a front view of a display with an on screen. 
         FIG. 15  is a topographic view of a satellite beam relative to an area of interest. 
         FIG. 16  is a flowchart of a method of determining an approaching boundary. 
         FIG. 17  is a high level flowchart of a method of determining an approaching edge of a satellite beam. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following figures the same reference numerals will be used for the same views. The following figures are described with respect to a mobile satellite television system. However, those skilled in the art will recognize the teachings of the present invention may be applied to various types of mobile reception including land-based type systems. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 1 , a satellite television broadcasting system  10  is illustrated. The satellite television broadcasting system  10  includes a network operations center  12  that generates wireless signals through a transmitting antenna  14  which are received by a receiving antenna  16  of a spaced-based system such as a satellite  18 . The wireless signals, for example, may be digital. As will be described below, the wireless signals may be entertainment content or boundary point data for areas of interest such as designated marketing areas. Areas of interest may also include traffic, weather, hazardous material warning areas, advertising marketing area near a particular store or region or other types of areas. A transmitting antenna  20  generates signals directed to various receiving systems including stationary systems such as those in the home as well as mobile receiving systems  22 . The wireless signals may have various types of information associated with them including location information. The wireless signals may also have various video and audio information associated therewith. As illustrated, the mobile receiving system  22  may be disposed within an automotive vehicle  24 . The vehicle may be various types of vehicles including a boat, ship, train, plane or other vehicles. A receiving antenna  26  receives the wireless signals from the satellite  18  and processes the signals in a mobile receiving unit  28 . The mobile receiving unit  28  will be further described below. 
     The system  10  may also receive location signals from a GPS system  30  that includes a first satellite  32 A and a second satellite  32 B. Although only two satellites are shown, a typical GPS system includes several satellites, several of which may be in view at any particular time. Triangulation techniques may be used to determine the elevation, latitude and longitude of the system. A locating system may also include cellular towers  34 A and  34 B that may be used by the mobile receiving system  22  to determine a location. The towers may be cellular phone, radio or TV towers. Cellular phones typically include a GPS locating system. As the vehicle  24  moves about, the exact coordinates in latitude and longitude may be used to determine the proper area of interest such as a designated marketing area which will control the mobile devices choices for local television and such broadcast data. 
     The system may also receive boundary information such as boundary points of designated marketing area polygons from the terrestrial-based system such as the cellular towers  34 A and  34 B. In addition, the satellites may also be replaced with stratospheric platforms  33  for transmitting the designated marketing areas to the mobile device. Stratospheric platforms are manned or unmanned airplanes, airships, or the like that fly above commercial airspace. It is envisioned that stratospheric platforms may fly at altitudes between 60,000 and 100,000 feet from the surface of the earth. Thus, the stratospheric platforms are in a significantly lower position than even low earth orbit satellites. 
     The present invention may also be used for displaying various wireless information on a personal mobile device  36  such as a laptop computer  38 , a portable television receiver or a personal digital assistant  39 , and a cellular telephone  40 . It should be noted that these devices and the automotive-based devices may also receive wireless signals having various types of information associated therewith from the cellular towers  34 A and  34 B. Other types of information may be broadcast from other types of broadcasting areas such as an antenna  42  on a building  44 . The building  44  may be various types of buildings such as a store and the wireless information transmitted from the antenna  42  may be advertising information. All of the wireless signals preferably include location information transmitted therewith. As will be described below, the information may be coded digitally into the signals. Thus, by reviewing the location information, signals appropriate for the location of the mobile devices may be displayed on the various devices. This will be further described below. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2 , a receiving unit  22  is illustrated in further detail. Antenna  26  may be various types of antennas including a rotating antenna which is used to track the relative movement of the satellite or other transponding device with respect to the vehicle. The antenna  26  may be a single antenna used for satellite television reception, or a number of antennas such as one for receiving television signals and one coupled to a location receiver  50  such as GPS receiver. The antenna  26  may also be an electronic antenna. 
     The mobile receiving unit  28  is coupled to antenna  26 . The mobile receiving unit  28  may also include a location receiver  52  integrated therein. The location receiver  52  may be a GPS receiver. In a preferred embodiment, only one location receiver  50 ,  52  may be provided in the system. However, the location receiver  50 ,  52  may be part of the vehicle  24  or may be part of the mobile receiving system  22 ,  36 . The controller  60  may be coupled directly to GPS receiver  52  and/or GPS receiver  50 . The mobile receiving unit  28  includes a display  54 . The display  54  may be incorporated into the device  36  or within the vehicle  24 . 
     A controller  60  that is microprocessor-based may be used to control the various functions of the receiving unit  28 . Such functions include acting as a tuner, receiver, decoder, buffer and other functions. The controller may be similar to that found in current DIRECTV® receiving units which employ a chip-based multifunctional controller. The controller  60  may include or be coupled to a memory  62 . Memory  62  may be used to store the boundaries of various areas of interest received from the antenna as broadcast by one of the devices  32 ,  33  or  34  described above. An area of interest is a fixed geographic or cartographic area bounded by a closed shape such as a polygon, circle, curved or straight line segments, or the like. The fixed area or closed shape has outer boundaries that do not move on the surface of the earth. As will be shown below, areas may be excluded (island-like) within a closed shape. Although the areas are fixed, they may be, from time to time, redetermined and rebroadcast to the mobile device for usage. A key feature is that as the vehicle or mobile device moves, the area of interest remains fixed on the surface of the earth and thus the device may enter into another area of interest. Boundaries of certain areas of interest such as a designated marketing area (DMA) may be defined by Nielsen Media Research, Inc. of New York, N.Y. and may be pre-programmed into the memory  62  as a number of polygons wherein each point of each side is defined in cartographic coordinates of longitude and latitude and fractions of degrees. As will be described below the polygons may be formed of corners whose latitude and longitude are stored within the memory. 
     The location receiver  52  is capable of providing latitude and longitude to the controller  60 . The controller  60  may be used to compare the location signals from the location receiver  50 ,  52  to the boundaries of the areas of interest such that the mobile device can determine which areas of interest it is within and which areas of interest it is not within. From this determination it can control IRD behavior such as allowing or disallowing display of certain audio or video channels. One application is to broadcast areas of interest that represent designated marketing areas to determine which designated marketing area the mobile device is within and which area it is not within, which signals the system should be receiving. These signals may coincide with or coordinate to the local broadcasting signals for the specific designated marketing area. It should be noted that more than one designated marketing area may be provided for a particular area. That is, adjacent areas may also be authorized for viewing. Various fringe regions may be used around a particular designated marketing area to provide hysteresis for the system. This function will be further described below. 
     The controller  60  may also be coupled to a user interface  64 . User interface  64  may be various types of user interfaces such as a keyboard, push buttons, a touch screen, a voice activated interface, or the like. User interface  64  may be used to select a channel, select various information, change the volume, change the display appearance, or other functions. The user interface  64  is illustrated as part of the mobile receiving unit. However, should the unit be incorporated into a vehicle, the user interface  64  may be located external to the mobile receiving unit such as dial buttons, voice activated system, or the like incorporated into the vehicle and interface with the mobile receiving unit. 
     An access card  66  may also be incorporated into the mobile receiving unit. Access cards such as conditional access module (CAM) cards are typically found in DIRECTV® receiving units. The access card  66  may provide conditional access to various channels and wireless signals generated by the system. Not having an access card or not having an up-to-date access card  66  may prevent the user from receiving or displaying various wireless content from the system. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 3 , a block diagrammatic view of the mobile receiving unit  28  and the antenna  26  is illustrated. The boxes here represent the software logic that may be used to implement the invention. Various information may be associated with the antenna  26 . The antenna  26  may include a pointing algorithm  70  therein. The pointing algorithm  70  may receive information from gyros in the antenna and be provided as gyro data  72 . GPS data  74  may be provided from the GPS or location receiver  50 ,  52  illustrated above in  FIG. 2 . Other information may be provided from the mobile receiving unit such as channel tuning information and the like. 
     The antenna may also be used to receive boundary data  75  from the various sources described above. The boundary data may be received from a satellite, a terrestrial-based system, or a stratospheric platform. The boundary data  75  is stored within the memory  90 . The boundary data may include many forms including equations for line segments, corners of intersections of line segments in latitude and longitude, or other information defining the boundaries of the designated marketing areas. 
     The mobile receiving unit  28  may include an antenna interface  76  that is used to communicate with the antenna. The antenna interface  76  formats the signals from the mobile receiving unit. For example, various signal level data such as the channel tuning information may be provided. Data from the user interface  64  and the conditional access card  66  may be used by the channel rendering and authentication logic  80 . The channel rendering and authentication logic  80  may authorize the particular user based upon the conditional access card. Information entered from the user interface such as a password may also be used in the authentication logic. Various methods for authentication are well known in the art. The channel rendering portion of the channel rendering and authentication logic  80  receives information from the user interface  64  as to which wireless signals the user would like to receive. The channel rendering and authentication logic  80  generates signals that are provided to the channel tuning logic  82 . The channel tuning logic  82  provides channel tuning information based upon the channel rendering information. The channel tuning logic  82  may include a receiver and a decoder used for receiving and decoding the appropriate channels. The channel tuning logic may provide information to the antenna interface  76  such as the direction of the signal or satellite that contains the particular channel that is desired. This information may be used by the pointing algorithm  70  to rotate the antenna in the appropriate direction. 
     The controller may also include receiving logic  86 . The receiving logic  86  may provide information to the channel rendering logic as to the particular region that the antenna or the mobile receiving unit is located. The region logic  86  may be coupled to the GPS data interface  88 . The GPS data interface  88  provides GPS information to the region logic so that appropriate signals may be received or displayed. 
     One use of the receiving logic  86  is that based upon the GPS signals, the location of the receiving unit may be selected. The receiving logic  86  may then look up in a geographic polygon or location database  90  which designated marketing area the receiving device is located. From this information the appropriate geographically specific data such as local broadcast television channels may be selected. The database  90  may consist of polygon boundary information used to define the marketing areas. The database  90  may also include other information such as zip code information or other ranges of data used for comparison with the signals. As will be evident to those skilled in the art, the wireless signals may be received with various location data used to identify the location appropriate for the signal to be displayed in. For example, the data may include information such as that the particular signal may be a local broadcast from the Washington, D.C. area, whereas other signals may indicate local broadcasting from the Baltimore area. When the vehicle is in the proper location, the proper signal may be displayed on the mobile device. 
     The location information may be provided in various portions of the signal. If the signal is an all digital signal the location information may be provided in a preamble of the information packet. If the signal is an analog signal the location data may be included in a vertical blanking interval of an analog television signal or as unused bandwidth of a digital television signal. In a purely analog signal, the location data may be superimposed digitally on the analog signal. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 4 , an example of a complex fixed designated marketing area on the surface of the earth is shown. A polygon having ID  10  and an assigned market area value of 1 is shown as area  90 . Area  92  corresponds to a polygon ID of 11 and an assigned market ID value of 2. Polygon  94  is also of market area  1  and has a polygon ID of 12. It should be noted that each of the polygons are closed polygons. It should also be noted that there is no overlap between Area  92  and Area  90  such that Area  92  is an island inside Area  90 . Area  90  taken by itself contains a hole the shape of Area  92 . One method for determining boundaries of a polygon as a set of longitude and latitude points is set forth as: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 typedef struct { 
               
               
                   
                    polygon id 
               
               
                   
                    number of polygon points 
               
               
                   
                    for (i = 0; i &lt; number of market areas in object; i++) { 
               
               
                   
                    latitude degrees value 
               
               
                   
                    latitude 1/1000 minutes value 
               
               
                   
                    longitude degrees value 
               
               
                   
                    longitude 1/1000 minutes value 
               
               
                   
                 } POLYGON_T; 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The unique polygon ID may be used in a data structure such that the designated marketing area can be a set of unjoined polygons as well as excluded regions as set forth in: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 typedef struct { 
               
               
                   
                    DMA id 
               
               
                   
                    length of DMA 
               
               
                   
                    number of included regions 
               
               
                   
                    for (i = 0; 1 &lt; number of included regions; i++) { 
               
               
                   
                       polygon id 
               
               
                   
                    } 
               
               
                   
                    number of excluded regions 
               
               
                   
                    for (i = 0; i&lt; number of excluded regions; i ++) { 
               
               
                   
                       polygon id 
               
               
                   
                 } DMA T: 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     A representation of the designated marketing area  1  may be illustrated in code as: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 DMA id 
                  1 
               
               
                   
                 number of included regions 
                  2 
               
               
                   
                   polygon id 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                   polygon id 
                 12 
               
               
                   
                 number of excluded regions 
                  1 
               
               
                   
                   polygon id 
                 11 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Referring now to  FIG. 5 , a method for operating a television broadcasting system is illustrated. In step  96  the boundary data for the designated marketing area is broadcast by one of the types of devices described above such as a satellite, a terrestrial-based antenna, a cellular tower, or stratospheric platform. In step  98  the boundary information is received at the mobile device. In step  99  the boundary data is stored in the memory of the mobile device. 
     In step  100 , the system or mobile device receives location signals. The receiver location is determined from the location signals in step  102 . As mentioned above, the location signals may use GPS satellites or cellular telephone systems for determining the exact longitude and latitude down to an acceptable limit to determine the location of the mobile receiving device. 
     In step  104 , the designated marketing area for the receiver location is determined. As mentioned above, various polygons or the like may be stored in the memory of the receiving device so that the particular designated marketing area at that moment in time for the position of the mobile receiving device may be determined. A lookup table for coordinates may be set forth or polygonal areas may be set forth to determine in which designated marketing area the mobile receiving device is located. If the system is not used for television signals, this step may be optional. Determining inclusion within a designated marketing area is set forth in  FIG. 7 . 
     In step  106 , the controller of the system selects the particular local channel based upon the determination of the designated marketing area in step  84 . Of course, some hysteresis may be accounted for in this method. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 6A-6D , various irregular shaped closed polygons are illustrated. The mobile device is located at the respective point  110 A- 110 D in each of the various figures, respectively. The polygonal shapes  112 A- 112 E are shown as irregular shapes. When the system is operated, it is not known whether the mobile device is located within or outside of the boundaries. One method for determining this is using a point inclusion detection algorithm. A line is arbitrarily drawn in a direction from the mobile device or point  110  in each of the figures. This is performed using a raycasting technique. In the raycasting the number of intersections with a line is determined. Although in  FIG. 6  horizontal lines are shown, various other directions may be drawn. 
     In  FIG. 6A , the number of intersections between the point  110 A and the polygon is one. Therefore, any odd numbered amounts correspond to the mobile device being within the polygon. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 6B , four intersections of the line from point  90 B is illustrated. Thus, a count of the number of intersections is four and thus the point is outside the polygon. 
     In  FIG. 6C , three intersection points are counted. Therefore, the point  90 C is within the designated marketing area. 
     In  FIG. 6D , the points of the polygon are on the GPS points line. In this case, all the polygon points should be ignored as intersections and only when the polygon&#39;s points have crossed the GPS line should an intersection be counted. In this case, there is just one intersection and the GPS point is therefore inside the polygon because of the odd number. 
     In summary, an odd number of intersections indicates that a point is within a polygon. An even number of intersections indicates the GPS point is outside the polygon. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 6E , the GPS point  110 E is on the boundary of the polygon. In this case the GPS point will be defined as being inside the polygon. Because the boundary of one polygon is likely to be the boundary of an adjacent polygon, the GPS point  110 E may be a member of multiple regions when it lays on the boundary lines between the areas of interest. This may be confusing for a system. Therefore, if the mobile device is within the polygon and is moving toward the boundary, hysteresis buffer zone  116  may be provided around the polygon so that not until the vehicle or mobile device leaves the buffer zone  116  would the behavior of the mobile device change. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 7 , a method for performing a point inclusion detection algorithm is illustrated. In step  120 , a line is drawn from a GPS point. In step  122 , the number of intersections of the line with the closed polygon is determined. In step  124 , if an odd number is counted in step  124 , step  126  determines that the system is within the polygon and within the designated marketing area. 
     Referring back to step  124 , if the count is not odd step  128  is executed. In step  124 , if the count is even, the system is outside the polygon in step  130 . If the count is not even or odd in step  128 , step  132  is executed in which it is determined whether or not the system is on a boundary. A boundary system is illustrated in  FIG. 5E  above. If the system is on a boundary, the system determines whether it is within a polygon in step  134 . After both steps  126  and  130  are executed, the controller of the system determines the local signal to receive based upon the designated marketing area. These channels are displayed on the display of the receiving device. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 8 , a plurality of designated marketing area polygons are illustrated as A, B, and C. At some segment each of the polygons are adjacent to each other. The points representing each polygon may follow any arbitrary rule such as political boundaries, geographic boundaries, or any areas of interest. Various types of information may be transmitted to the mobile device such as vehicle  24  to convey the boundaries. In one implementation, the mobile device may receive corner points in latitude and longitude. Based upon the boundaries of the polygon, the device may determine in which polygons it is inside and which it is outside. Various actions may be performed by the mobile device as a result of determining which polygon it is in based upon coded actions or instructions that use the broadcasted polygon. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 9 , polygon A of  FIG. 8  is illustrated in further detail. Each of the corner points represents an intersection of two line segments of the polygon. In this example, points  151  through  158  represent corners of the polygon. Table  160  includes the point, the longitude and the latitude of each of the corner points. Thus, the points representing the polygon may be transmitted in a data structure that will be received by the receiving device as an object used for comparison with the GPS location. One example of a C-style structure of an object is set forth below. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 struct geograpffic_polygon { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                    int 
                 unique_id; 
               
               
                   
                    int 
                 version; 
               
               
                   
                    int 
                 number_of_points; 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                    for (i = 0; i &lt; number_of_points; i++) { 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                       int 
                 longitude_degrees; 
               
               
                   
                       int 
                 longitude_minutes; 
               
               
                   
                       int 
                 longitude_seconds; 
               
               
                   
                       int 
                 latitude_degrees; 
               
               
                   
                       int 
                 latitude_minutes; 
               
               
                   
                       int 
                 latitude_seconds; 
               
               
                   
                    } 
               
               
                   
                 } 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Thus, each geographic polygon may be transmitted as a unique object that may be referenced individually. In this manner, a series of geographic polygons can be transmitted to a mobile device and stored in a memory such as dynamic random access memory or a non-volatile memory such as flash memory. This memory may then be periodically referenced as the mobile device&#39;s GPS coordinates change. By comparing the GPS coordinates with the polygonal boundaries, the receiving device may determine which polygon it is in and which polygon it is outside of. Various actions may be taken in response to the particular polygon, such as the types of displays or assorted messages may be displayed to the user, various audio clips may be played, allowing or blocking various channels to be displayed on the display device, or tuning to a particular broadcast channel may be performed in response to the comparison to the polygonal boundaries and the GPS coordinates. 
     One example of a use of broadcasted polygons is for providing designated marketing areas for local channel display or blockage. The satellite or other device may broadcast a geographic polygon for each designated marketing area because the designated marketing area has a unique ID and version, updates to a particular polygon representing a designated marketing area may be dynamically performed in the future. The mobile receiver then evaluates its location in reference to which polygon it is in and as a result, various expressions may be activated or deactivated. This may take the form of activating or deactivating various local channels. 
     Another example of the use of the present invention is in emergency weather situations where all mobile receiving devices in a geographic area may be notified of an impending severe weather situation. This may also be used for non-weather situations such as in conveying disaster information. In this manner, a complex polygon may be broadcast and vehicles within the polygon may receive the message detailing the specific weather or other type of alert. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 10 , it may be useful to extend areas of interest outside its allocated boundary such as into a water area not currently served. The following description is provided with respect to a designated marketing area. However, the examples may extend to all types of areas of interest described above. A first designated marketing area DMA  1  and a second designated marketing area DMA  2  are illustrated having a broadcast center BC 1  and a broadcast center BC 2 , respectively. In this illustration, DMA  1  and DMA  2  are directly adjacent. They may also be separated as well. A shoreline  200  is illustrated along the Eastern-most edge of the first designated marketing area DMA  1  and the second designated marketing area DMA  2 . Thus, the edge of the DMA  1  and DMA  2  are at a water-land boundary. A bridge  202  connects the shoreline  200  at different places. The bridge  202  has a mobile receiving device  204  (such as in an automobile) thereon. The bridge  202  is over a water area  206 . 
     Designated marketing area DMA  1  has a boundary  210 A and an extension  210 B. Boundary line  212 A has an extension line  212 B and boundary line  214 A has an extension  214 B. As will be described below, various methods for using the designated marketing areas in extending the designated marketing areas beyond a land-water boundary are described below. Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize that more than just a land-water based boundary may be used. That is, a land-based boundary of a DMA or areas of interest may also incorporate the teachings of the present invention. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 11 , one method for extending the area of interest into an area not served by an area of interest or a designated marketing area includes maintaining the programming permissions associated with the last designated marketing area in which the mobile receiving device was present. 
     In step  250 , the location of the mobile receiving device is determined. In step  252 , the area of interest is determined. In step  254 , if the receiving device is inside the area of interest, step  256  allows the device to receive or utilize signals based upon the area of interest. 
     Referring back to step  254 , if the receiving device is not within an area of interest, then step  258  is performed. In step  258 , signals are continued to be received or utilized based upon the last area of interest in which the receiving device was present. For example, in  FIG. 10 , the mobile receiving device is on a bridge  202  traveling from designated marketing area DMA  2  to designated marketing area DMA  1  as indicated by the arrow. Because the receiving device  204  is not within either designated marketing area, the last designated marketing area, DMA  2 , is used until the vehicle crosses into designated marketing area DMA  1 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 12 , another method for retaining local programming rights is set forth. In this example, the area of interest may be extended in step  280 . The mobile receiving device may calculate extensions of various area of interest boundary lines such as those set forth with the B-designators associated with the designated marketing areas in  FIG. 10 . That is, extensions are illustrated as elements  210 B,  212 B, and  214 B. Thus, the designated marketing area extends beyond the shoreline into the water-based area  206 . As is illustrated, the extensions extend existing lines of the designated marketing area into the water-based area  206 . The extensions may not be continuous portions of lines, but rather extend in a particular direction such as, on the East coast of the United States straight East, whereas on the West coast, extensions may be performed straight West. Of course, arbitrarily chosen directions may be used. 
     In step  282 , extensions of the area of interest may also be broadcast rather than calculated. The areas of interest may be broadcast by various devices terrestrially or extra-terrestrially as described above and received by the mobile receiving device stored therein. 
     In step  284 , the proper area of interest is determined based upon the calculations or the broadcast received from the system. In step  286 , the receiver device receives or utilizes the signals based upon the area of interest. The receiver device may, thus, receive the proper local signals. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 13 , an alternative continuation of  FIG. 11  is set forth. Although a DMA is set forth, this example may be used for an area of interest. Rather than performing step  258  in  FIG. 11 , steps  300  through  302  may be performed. That is, after step  254  and determining system is not inside a designated marketing area, distances may be determined to the various adjacent designated marketing areas in step  300 . The distance may be to the edge or boundary of the designated marketing area or the distance to one of the broadcast centers BC  1  and BC  2  as illustrated in  FIG. 10 . The U.S. Federal Government (FCC) maintains a list of the broadcast center locations for designated marketing areas. In step  300 , the distances X 1  and X 2  are determined. The shortest distance, X 1  or X 2 , is chosen. In step  304 , the receiver device utilizes signals from the DMA to the shortest distance. As mentioned above, the shortest distance may be to a DMA characteristic such as the broadcast center BC  1  or BC  2  or to the nearest boundary line. Thus, based on the shortest distance to the desired designated marketing area characteristic, the proper designated marketing area may be determined and the receiving device can receive local programming based thereon. 
     Referring back to  FIG. 10 , as mentioned in the background of the invention, knowing whether or not the vehicle or device is approaching a boundary may be useful. In certain circumstances, a particular location may be chosen such as a fishing spot or a camping spot. A small difference may mean the mobile device is in one area of interest or another area of interest. One particular example of relevance is that in certain markets, certain sporting events are blacked out. Therefore, staying in one position or moving to another position may allow the reception of a particular broadcast with a particular team and another nearby position may mean the blackout of the particular broadcast. To improve the knowledge of the mobile users, a warning may be provided when a boundary of a marketing area is being approached. 
     In  FIG. 10 , the designated marketing area DMA  1  has a boundary  210 A and an extension boundary  210 B. Designated marketing area DMA  2  has boundary  214 A and an extension boundary  214 B. As will be described below, many ways of determining approaching a boundary may be used. A boundary zone  400  may be defined adjacent to the boundary  210 A. An extended boundary zone  402  adjacent to the extended boundary  210 B is also illustrated. When a device enters the boundary zone  400  or extended boundary zone  402 , a warning message may be generated on the display. Also, an audible warning signal may also be provided. The boundary zone  400  and extended boundary zone  402  are defined respectively by boundary zone line  404  and  406 , respectively. Boundary zone line  404  is adjacent to and spaced apart from boundary line  210 A while boundary zone line  406  is spaced apart and adjacent to boundary line extension  210 B. The amount of spacing defining the boundary zone may vary depending on various conditions including system design parameters. 
     Designated marketing area DMA  2  includes a boundary zone  410  and an extended boundary zone  412  that are defined by a boundary zone line  414  and an extended boundary zone line  416 , respectively. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 14 , a display  54  associated with the video device is shown in further detail. The display  54  may be used for displaying various video signals, including programs, movies, or the like in space  450 . A temporary on-screen display  452  may generate a warning that a local boundary is being reached. In  FIG. 14 , the wording “reaching local boundary in one mile” is illustrated. The warning distance of one mile may change depending on the desired requirements of the system. Also, a speaker  452  may be used together with or instead of an on-screen display. The speaker  452  may generate an audible warning signaling the approaching boundary. 
     Other on-screen displays may include “end of service coverage”, “end of Washington, D.C. local area will be reached in X miles” wherein the particular location of a device is substituted in for Washington, D.C. and the number of miles may be changed as the boundary is approached. Another alternative message may display “next local broadcast area is Baltimore.” This provides the mobile device user information as to the next local area. Another on-screen display may state “current program unavailable in next local broadcast area”. That is, an on-screen display may be generated to notify the mobile device user that the current program is not available or blacked out in the next local market. Another on-screen display may include “current program available in next local broadcast area”. This message informs the mobile device user that the program is available in the next market. Various numbers of messages may also be provided. For example, it may be desirable to know both the distance to the boundary and that the next local broadcast area does not include or does include the current program. The on-screen display may take the form of the on-screen display region  452  or may take the various forms including various top banners, side banners or full-screen banners. The banner may flash, scroll, or may take various other forms. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 15 , a land mass  500  is illustrated relative to a satellite beam  502 . The beam may be a spot beam or wide area beam. When signals are broadcast, various beams may be used by the satellite. As mentioned above, the designated marketing area of a particular region may be extended into a water area  504 . One limit on the designated marketing area is the extent of the reach of the satellite beam  502 . The designated marketing area may be extended to the outer extent of the beam  502 . Therefore, a boundary zone  506  may be determined at the edge of a satellite beam  502 . The edge of the satellite beam may, for example, correspond to designated marketing area  12  or designated marketing area  13 . A boundary zone  508  may be determined for the designated marketing area  13 . Thus, when the boundary zone  506  or  508  is entered, a warning may be displayed on the mobile device. 
     The designated marketing area may also be extended a certain distance and the edge of the beam may be used for determining the end of the marketing area. Rather than determining a distance or a boundary zone, the signal strength of the satellite signal may be used. When the signal strength drops below a pre-determined threshold, a warning may be generated to signal the end of the available signal from the satellite. Once the signal becomes weak enough, the signal can no longer be reliably received. At some point, the signal may not be received at all. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 16 , a method of operating a satellite communication system is illustrated. In step  540 , boundary data for the designated marketing area is broadcast by one of the types of methods described above, such as a satellite, terrestrial-based antenna, cellular tower, or stratospheric information. In step  542 , the boundary data is received at the mobile device. The boundary data may correspond to the outer boundary. It should be noted that various coordinates may be set forth as well as various lines may be stored therein. The outer boundaries may be closed polygons and extensions of polygons into areas just beyond the designated marketing area or area of interest. After step  542 , three choices are set forth. One choice or a combination may be used depending on the type of system. Step  544  receives border zone boundary information to delimit the border zone adjacent to the border line. This is a first method for determining whether or not the mobile device is approaching a border line. 
     In step  546 , a distance to the boundary may be determined without respect to a border zone. For example, the border zone may not be broadcast, but rather calculated. A system level determination may be made that a warning is generated one-half mile or other distance from the boundary line. In this manner, the distance to the boundary line and the position of the mobile device are used to calculate the distance from the boundary. In certain circumstances, a discontinuous coverage area or edge of a coverage area may be reached. 
     Step  548  determines the signal strength of the satellite beam. In step  550 , the location of the mobile receiving device is determined. This may be determined by GPS using satellites, cellular towers, or the like as mentioned above. 
     In step  552 , the receiver location is determined from the location signals in step  550 . In step  554 , a designated marketing area or area of interest is determined based upon the location of the receiver determined in step  552 . In step  556 , it is determined whether a mobile device is approaching a boundary based on one or more of the methods above. If a mobile device is not approaching a boundary, step  540  is again repeated. It should be noted that the system may return back to step  540 ,  542  or steps  544 - 548 . The system may return to step  540  if new boundary data is available for the designated marketing area or area of interest. 
     If the mobile device is approaching the boundary in step  556 , step  558  generates a first warning. As mentioned above, the first warning may be an on-screen warning, an audible warning or a combination of both. For example, a warning may be provided within a pre-determined distance from the boundary or when the mobile device is within the boundary zone. In step  560 , a second warning may be generated. The second warning may be generated as the device moves within the boundary zone closer to the boundary. A distance may be set forth or the presence or absence of a particular channel may be conveyed in the warning. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 17 , in certain circumstances it may be desirable to provide a warning when the edge of a satellite beam is being approached. The beam edge may be considered a boundary and a boundary zone may be determined. However, in certain circumstances, a boundary zone or beam edge may not be defined. In these circumstances, it may be desirable to rely upon the signal strength of a satellite beam as received by the receiving device. This may take into consideration weather factors which reduce the amount of power received at the mobile device. That is, the edge of the beam may vary depending on weather conditions. In step  600 , a signal strength is determined at the mobile receiving device. In step  602 , the signal strength of the receive signal is compared to a threshold. If the signal strength is greater than the threshold in step  602 , step  600  is performed which determines the signal strength. In step  602 , if the signal strength is not below a threshold, step  600  is again performed which determines the signal strength. In step  602 , if the signal strength is below the threshold, step  604  generates a boundary warning. It should be noted that the boundary warning is performed prior to a lack of signal in much the same way as a boundary zone set forth in  FIG. 15  is illustrated. The boundary zone in this manner may be a function of the signal strengths rather than a distance. 
     As is set forth above, the system advantageously allows a warning to be generated corresponding to a mobile device approaching a boundary. The boundary may be determined based upon signal strength or based upon distance to the boundary. By providing a warning, the mobile device may be positioned in a desirable location so that particular signals or programming may be received. 
     While particular embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, numerous variations and alternate embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention be limited only in terms of the appended claims.