Patent Publication Number: US-2022227093-A1

Title: Drainage Housewrap

Description:
The present invention is directed to a multi-layer housewrap that prevents liquid water from passing through into a house, yet the housewrap is still breathable to allow water vapor to pass through it. Further, the housewrap has a textured surface in the form of channels which allow water on the surface of the housewrap to drain down by gravity. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Many conventional housewraps are simply flat sheets of barrier material. With these wraps, a potential problem may develop in that water can build up between the outside of the wrap and the inside of the siding of the house. There can be nowhere for the water to drain, because it can be blocked by the siding pressing against the housewrap. As a result, sometimes, the water may flow sideways to a window or door and cause water damage there. Therefore, even though a conventional flat housewrap may possibly be an effective water barrier, ancillary problems may arise. 
     Some housewraps have been developed that have bumps molded on or embossed in the housewrap substrate. The bumps define channels therebetween that can allow water drainage downwardly behind the siding. In some cases, the bumps themselves are porous materials that allow water to gather in the material. If a significant amount of water builds up in the bumps themselves, then again, other possible moisture problems may arise between the housewrap barrier and a siding. It is also more difficult for flashing tapes to adhere and provide a tight seal as the surface that the flashing is sealed to is a porous mat below the tape. This area can provide an entry point for water to breach the flashing tape by wicking in underneath the tape. 
     SUMMARY 
     Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to overcome the drawbacks in existing housewrap products by providing a drainage and breathable housewrap. 
     In one example, a drainage housewrap comprises a nonwoven base web having a three-dimensional pattern pressed therein to form channels on a surface of the base web, and a coating bonded by extrusion coating to the surface of the base web after the three-dimensional pattern is pressed in it. The coating comprises a mixture of a polymer and calcium carbonate particles, and the coated base web is activated by mechanical stretching of the coated base web in order to create micropores in the coating on the base web. The three-dimensional pattern pressed into the base web may create two sets of channels that are substantially perpendicular from each other. The polymer portion of the coating may comprise polyethylene or polypropylene. The three-dimensional pattern may be in the shape of oval half-bubbles. The oval half-bubbles may be positioned in alternating rows such that a long axis of each row of oval half-bubbles is perpendicular to the long axis of each adjacent row of oval half-bubbles. The calcium carbonate may comprise 35-70% by weight of the coating. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a portion of the side of a house with housewrap mounted thereon. 
         FIG. 1A  is a perspective view of an example of the coated, outside face of a housewrap as described herein. 
         FIG. 1B  is a perspective view of an example of the uncoated, inside face of a housewrap as described herein. 
         FIG. 1C  is a pair of side views of a prior art housewrap and housewrap as described herein when mounted between a house structural board and house siding. 
         FIGS. 2A-2E  are top views of portions of housewrap as described herein illustrating different patterns and orientation of patterns embossed in the housewrap. 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic view of the process of coating the polymer on the base web of material. 
         FIG. 4  is a side, cross-sectional view of the housewrap film after coating and activation. 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic view of the complete process of coating and activating the housewrap film. 
         FIG. 6  is a front view of an example of a building window that has housewrap mounted around it and flashing tape applied around the window. 
         FIG. 7  is a side, cross-sectional view illustrating the seal created by the installation of a flashing tape onto the housewrap. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The housewrap described herein is a multi-layer drainage wrap. A nonwoven base web has a three-dimensional pattern embossed therein on one surface of the web. The nonwoven base web has the three-dimensionally embossed and coated side as its outward facing surface. The coating is extrusion-coated on to the embossed side of the nonwoven base web. The coating is then activated by stretching after the coating and cooling of the coating on the base web. The result is a housewrap that is textured on both the inside and outside faces of the housewrap. The texture facilitates both drainage of water off of the outside face of the housewrap and the circulation of air and moisture around and through the inside face of the housewrap. 
     Each component will be discussed separately herein. There can be additional components that may be added depending on the application and intended environment where the housewrap is used. 
     The nonwoven base web is a substrate of nonwoven spunbonded polymer fibers. The fibers that may be used include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, nylon, polyvinyl chloride, bicomponent fibers and mixtures of two or more of the foregoing. In one example of the present web, the base web has a weight of 80-120 g/m2, or 90-110 g/m2, or 95-105 g/m2, or in one example, about 100 g/m2. The thickness of the base web before further processing is 0.0025-0.030 inches, or 0.003-0.020 inches, or still further 0.005-0.012 inches. This thickness is the lofted thickness of the nonwoven web before any embossing of a pattern on or extruding any coating thereon. 
     Next, the nonwoven base has a bubble pattern embossed therein by passing the nonwoven base through heated nip rollers. The surface of one of the rollers is flat while the second opposing roller has a textured pattern to create half-bubbles on the surface of the embossed nonwoven base. The resulting pattern is essentially in the form of half-bubbles. The half-bubbles may be round or oval or square or triangular or any other shape, whether symmetric or asymmetric. In one example, the half-bubbles are embossed in rows. The half-bubbles may be oval-shaped with the long axis of the oval at about 45 degrees to the perpendicular of the wrap when installed on a building. The alternating rows of half-bubbles may be 45 degrees in the opposite direction such that the adjacent bubbles on neighboring rows are 90 degrees offset from each other. The rows of half-bubbles may be matching rows in that there are equal numbers of half-bubbles that are spaced out equally in neighboring rows. In this format, channels are created perpendicular to each other so that regardless of how the housewrap is installed, there is a vertical drainage channel created. 
     The embossed web has a thickness of about 0.0015 to 0.060 inches, in one example about 0.008 inches, where compressed between the half-bubbles. The full height/thickness of the web with the half-bubbles is about 0.015 to 0.05 inches, in one example 0.032 inches at its maximum thickness of the web. The area size of the half-bubbles is variable. The length may be about 0.1 to 4.0 inches, in one example 0.65 inches with the width being about 0.1 to 0.5 inches, in one example 0.35 inches in the oval example. For a multi directional installation there needs to be gaps/channels between the raised areas allowing for water to flow downward by gravity through the gaps. For a mono directional installation, the raised areas can be the full height of the web (in a striping pattern). Also, the embossed pattern half-bubbles may be oriented in direction in multiple ways that encourage or direct water drainage down the face of the housewrap once installed. When taking into account the entire surface area of the housewrap, the raised, embossed area comprises from about 25% to 75%, in one example about 50% of the entire surface area of the housewrap. 
     Next, the embossed, nonwoven base web has a coating applied to it by extrusion coating. The molten coating material is applied by nip roller to the base web and then quenched to bond the coating onto the web. The heated coating material allows the intertwining of the molten material into the nonwoven web. Importantly, this means that no adhesive is required to attach the coating layer onto the nonwoven base web. Therefore, there is no concern about future degradation of an adhesive. The coating is applied onto the embossed face of the web. This is the side of the web that will be installed facing outwardly from a house. 
     The coating is a mixture of polymer and inorganic particles such as calcium carbonate. The polymer portion of the coating is typically polyethylene or polypropylene, but it could include other polymers as well. If polyethylene, then the density of the polyethylene is 0.915-0.925, or alternatively, 0.918-0.923 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3). If polypropylene, then the density is 0.89-0.92 g/cm3, or alternatively, 0.90-0.91 g/cm3. The calcium carbonate is 35-70% by weight of the coating mixture, or alternatively 40-60% by weight. Additional additives in the coating mixture include pigment, UV inhibitors, and processing aids. Importantly, there is no adhesive fraction in the coating mixture. The coating weight of the mixture on the base web is 30-45 g/m2, or alternatively, 35-40 g/m2. 
     The coated nonwoven web is next activated by stretching in order to create micropores across and through the coating layer. The coated web may be activated by stretching with or without heat added to the coated web. The stretch may be in the machine direction or cross direction or a combination of both directions. In one example, intermeshing gears are used to stretch the web in the cross-direction in non-uniform fashion. This may result in the stretching in the cross-direction of about 10% or less, or alternatively about 5% or less, or still further alternatively about 3% or less. The result is a breathable sheet that is substantially impermeable to liquid water yet permeable to gas/air that flows through the pores around the calcium carbonate in the polymer layer. 
     An important aspect of the entire web being coated on the outside-facing side of the web is the seal of the web to flashing that is taped to the web around windows and doors and other building openings. The flashing tape adhesive is able to form a continuous and complete seal with the coated surface of the housewrap. This seal prevents any wicking or other access of water underneath or around the flashing tape. The flashing tape is not adhered to any porous layer or component of the housewrap web as in other housewrap constructions. Also, the housewrap is pliant and resilient in that a flashing tape may be pressed onto the coated face of the housewrap, and the texture of the housewrap is able to be compressed to obtain the complete seal. Other housewraps with hard plastic beads applied to the surface of a housewrap are not resilient, so flashing tape applied to such other housewraps may unintentionally result in small gaps and crevices around the hard plastic beads that may enable water or moisture to leak underneath a flashing tape. 
     Another result of the foregoing processing is a housewrap that has a degree of texture on both sides of the housewrap. In other words, the oval half-bubbles on the coated side also extend outwardly from the opposite, uncoated side of the web. These back-side protrusions are not coated, but they may assist in creating the gaps or channels when the housewrap is installed behind a house siding. 
     Turning now to the drawings,  FIG. 1  shows the side of a portion of a house  10  having the housewrap  12  mounted on the walls and around the windows  14  of the house.  FIG. 1  is a view of a house  10  during its construction. The housewrap  12  is a barrier film that is wrapped around the house and under siding (not shown) that is mounted over the housewrap. The housewrap  12  is typically a vertical installation, relative to the ground, on the side of a house  10 , although there may be additional surfaces that are angled with respect to the ground not in the vertical orientation. 
       FIG. 1A  is a close-up perspective view of a housewrap  15  similar to the housewrap  12  seen in its installed environment in  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 1A  illustrates the coated, outside of the house facing side of housewrap  15 . The housewrap  15  has oval half-bubbles  16  and  17  embossed therein. In between the oval half-bubbles  16  and  17  is the compressed portion or channels  18  of the nonwoven housewrap  15 . The embossing pattern in  FIG. 1A  is similar to that illustrated in  FIG. 2A  described below. There are alternating rows of oval half-bubbles  16  that are oriented on their long axis 90 degrees from the long axis of the oval half-bubbles  17  in the next adjacent row. In one example, it is intended that these oval half-bubbles  16  and  17  are oriented about 45 degrees from vertical in a vertical installation of the housewrap. 
       FIG. 1B  is a close-up perspective view of a housewrap  180  similar to the housewrap  12  seen in its installed environment in  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 1B  illustrates the uncoated, inside of the house facing side of housewrap  180 . This inside face of housewrap  180  is opposite the embossed side seen in  FIG. 1A . This housewrap  180  has a flat inside the house facing side when it is embossed but not yet coated and activated. However, as is readily seen in  FIG. 1B , the inside face of housewrap  180  does display some texture. The housewrap  180  inside face shown has oval half-bubble shapes  182  and  184  like on its outside face. There remains the flat portion  186  that is a series of channels between the raised half-bubbles  182  and  184 . There is shown alternating rows of the half-bubble ovals  182  and  184  where half-bubble ovals  182  are oriented on their long axis perpendicular or 90 degrees from the long axis of oval half-bubbles  184  in the next adjacent rows. As with  FIG. 1A , it is intended that these oval half-bubbles  182  and  184  are oriented about 45 degrees from vertical in a vertical installation of the housewrap. 
       FIG. 1C  illustrates the side cross-sectional views of two installations  150  and  160  of the housewrap  154  as described herein as compared with a prior art flat housewrap  164 . In installation  160 , a vertical structural board  162  has a flat housewrap  164  attached in its outside face. Siding boards  166  are then overlapped and secured to the structural board  162  so that the housewrap  164  is secured in between. During use, the installation  160  may have water  168  that builds up between the housewrap  164  and the siding  166 . The water  168  flows downwardly by gravity and may dam  170  between the top of a siding board  166  and the housewrap  164 . This trapped water  170  may flow sideways and damage windows and doors. The standing water  170  may simply damage the installation  160  generally. On the other hand, installation  150  has the housewrap  154  described herein installed between a structural board  152  and the siding panel  156 . The outside face  155  of the housewrap  154  has texture on it as illustrated in  FIG. 1A . In the installation  150 , therefore, water  158  that may seep or form behind the siding  156  is allowed to flow downwardly by gravity in the channels between the textured half-bubbles. 
       FIG. 2A  illustrates a top view of the outside face of a portion of housewrap  20  having oval shaped half-bubbles  22  and  24  embossed thereon. The unembossed, flat portion channels  26  of the housewrap  20  are between the half-bubbles  22  and  24 . In  FIG. 2A , looking from upper left to lower right, there are two rows, at about a 45 degree angle, of the oval half-bubbles  22  and  24 . The long axes of the oval half-bubbles  22  and  24  are oriented perpendicular with respect to each other. Looking from upper right to lower left, those rows of half-bubbles are rows of alternating perpendicular ovals  22  and  24 . The oval half-bubbles create channels in the flat surface  26  between the half-bubbles. Because of the three-dimensional structure of the oval half-bubbles  22  and  24 , those channels are maintained even after siding is attached over the housewrap  20  in installation onto a house. This specific orientation also allows for an installer to mount the housewrap  20  in either direction on a wall thereby eliminating inadvertent error during installation. 
       FIG. 2B  is a top view of the outside face of an alternative housewrap  30  in which the flat portion channels  38  are configured between multiple size oval half-bubbles  32 ,  34  and  36 . In this example, the oval half-bubbles  32 ,  34  and  36  are all generally oriented in their respective long axes on 45 degree angles. 
       FIG. 2C  illustrates the outside face of a housewrap  40  having uniform oval half-bubbles  42  creating channels  44  in the flat portion of the housewrap. 
       FIG. 2D  is a top view of the outside face of a still further housewrap  130  having diamond-shaped half-bubbles  132  and  134  embossed thereon. In between the half-bubbles  132  and  134  are the flat portion channels  136 . As shown, there are alternating rows of diamond half-bubbles  132  and  134  in a substantially symmetrical layout with the long axis of each diamond half-bubble  132  and  134  in adjacent perpendicular aspects with respect to each other and approximately 45 degrees from the vertical. 
       FIG. 2E  illustrates the top view of the outside face of housewrap  140  having diamond-shaped half-bubbles  142  and oval half-bubbles  144 . There are adjacent and alternating rows of the diamond half-bubbles  142  and oval half-bubbles  144 . Embossed in between the half-bubbles  142  and  144  are flat portion channels  146 . As shown, the long axis of the diamond half-bubbles  142  is perpendicular to the long axis of the oval half-bubbles  144  and are approximately 45 degrees from the vertical. 
     The examples of housewrap  20 ,  30 ,  40 ,  130  and  140  shown in  FIGS. 2A-E  respectively are merely examples of the embossing that may be pressed into the housewrap. It is alternatively possible that the embossed half-bubbles may be other shapes such as square, rectangular, triangular round or other shapes both symmetrical and asymmetrical as long as the purpose of forming and supporting channels between the embossing is achieved. Also, the size and relative orientation of the respective half-bubbles on a housewrap may be varied. Both symmetric and asymmetric patterns are possible. 
       FIG. 3  is a schematic view of the process  50  of coating an embossed web  52  with a polymer  54  to create a coated web  64 . An uncoated, nonwoven web  52  is provided that has already been embossed. The web  52  is a nonwoven polymer  67  with a flat side  66  and the embossed side  68  to create a textured side of the web. The uncoated web  52  is passed between a nip roller  58  and a chill roll  60  while simultaneously being extrusion coated with a polymer  54  from an extrusion die  56 . The heated liquid polymer  54  is cooled by the chill roll  60  thereby bonding it to the textured side  68  of the nonwoven web  52 . A strip roll  62  is used to remove the coated web  64  from the chill roll  60 . The result is the coated web  64  with a coating  69  on the textured side  68  of the nonwoven web  67 . A side-effect of the process is the texturing of the uncoated side  65  of the coated web. 
       FIG. 4  is a side, cross-sectional view of the coated web  70  having the oval half-bubbles as shown in  FIG. 2A  that alternate at perpendicular rows with long axis half-bubbles  76  and the width cross-section of similar half-bubbles  78 . As shown, channels  75  are shown as the flat, unembossed portion of the web  70 . The back, uncoated side  80  of the web  70  is shown having some limited amount of texture. The back side  80  is not flat, but it does not have the height of texture of the coated side  74 . In production, the back side  80  has a texture height of about 25-75%, in one example about 50% of the coated, embossed side  74  of the web  70 . 
       FIG. 5  is a schematic of the entire process  100  of coating and activating a web. Moving from left to right in  FIG. 5 , the process begins with a roll  102  of embossed, nonwoven film  104 . The film  104  is unwound and fed between a nip roll  110  and chill roll  112  while an extrusion die  106  extrudes a polymer coating  108  onto the web  104 . The now-coated web  116  feeds around a strip roll  114  to an activator  118  that stretches the coated film. The activated and coated web  120  is then wound up on rewind roller  122 . 
       FIG. 6  is a side view of a portion of a building  130  having a sidewall  132  covered with the housewrap  134  described herein. As shown, the housewrap  134  is mounted all around a window  136  in the sidewall  132 . In order to completely seal around the window  136 , flashing tape  138 ,  140 ,  142  and  144  is adhered to the top surface of the housewrap  134  and to the sides, top and bottom of the window respectively. The use of flashing is required by local building codes and is a common construction technique in any event. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates the benefit of using a resilient housewrap  150  as described herein with a flashing tape  160 . Specifically, during the installation process, a flashing tape  160  coated with adhesive  158  is pressed against the coated surface  156  of the housewrap substrate  150 . With this pressure application, the adhesive  158  will adhere to and fill in next to the coated surface  156 . Importantly, the housewrap substrate  150  is flexible so that it can flatten out under pressure in order to obtain an adhesive seal against both the textured bumps  152  and channels  154  on the surface of the housewrap  150 . The result is a continuous seal between the adhesive  158  and the coated surface  156 . No gaps or crevices allow water to pass or leak by this connection. 
     EXAMPLE 
     An embossed web of nonwoven polypropylene fabric of about 100 gm/m2 basis weight and about 0.030″ thickness is obtained and extrusion coated on the embossed side with 34 gm/m2 of a mineral/polymer blend (52% calcium carbonate, 42% low density polyethylene OR polypropylene, 6% additives for UV resistance, and processing aids) at a melt temperature of 540 deg F. with a matte finish. The coated fabric is then activated by intermeshing gears (IMG) to provide nonlinear microstretching in the cross-machine direction. The activated web is then printed, dried, and wound into 100-ft rolls. Finished product is tested to assure compliance to desired specifications, per:
     ASTM E2273—&gt;90% drainage efficiency   ASTM E96—&gt;5 US Perms water vapor transmission rate   AATCC 127—&gt;55 cm hydrostatic head water pressure resistance   ASTM D882—&gt;40 lbs/inch tensile breaking strength   ASTM E2178—&lt;0.02 liters/sec air permeance   

     The foregoing performance tests indicate a superior housewrap construction. 
     Other embodiments of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. It is intended that the specification and figures be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.