Patent Publication Number: US-11658135-B2

Title: Semiconductor devices comprising a radar semiconductor chip and associated production methods

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims priority to German Patent Application No. 102019102784.5 filed on Feb. 5, 2019, the content of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates generally to semiconductor technology. Also, the disclosure relates to semiconductor devices comprising a radar semiconductor chip and to methods for producing such semiconductor devices. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In radar applications, signal routing and redistribution between chip and antenna may be a critical parameter with regard to the electromagnetic performance and cost-effectiveness of the application. Radar applications may comprise air-filled hollow waveguides, for example. Manufacturers of semiconductor devices endeavor to provide improved semiconductor devices and methods for producing such semiconductor devices. 
     SUMMARY 
     It may be desirable to provide cost-effective radar semiconductor devices having low performance losses and methods for the production thereof. Various aspects relate to a semiconductor device. The semiconductor device comprises a substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. The semiconductor device furthermore comprises at least one connection element arranged on the first surface of the substrate and serving for electrically and mechanically connecting the substrate to a printed circuit board. The semiconductor device furthermore comprises a radar semiconductor chip arranged on the first surface of the substrate. 
     Various aspects relate to a method for producing a semiconductor device. The method comprises arranging at least one connection element on a first surface of a substrate, wherein the at least one connection element is designed to electrically and mechanically connect the substrate to a printed circuit board. The method furthermore comprises arranging a radar semiconductor chip on the first surface of the substrate. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Semiconductor devices comprising a radar semiconductor chip and associated production methods in accordance with the disclosure are explained in greater detail below with reference to drawings. The elements shown in the drawings are not necessarily rendered in a manner true to scale relative to one another. Identical reference signs may designate identical components. 
         FIG.  1    schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a semiconductor device  100  in accordance with the disclosure. 
         FIG.  2    schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a semiconductor device  200  in accordance with the disclosure. 
         FIG.  3    schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a semiconductor device  300  in accordance with the disclosure. 
         FIG.  4    schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a semiconductor device  400  in accordance with the disclosure. 
         FIG.  5    schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a semiconductor device  500  in accordance with the disclosure. 
         FIG.  6    schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a semiconductor device  600  in accordance with the disclosure. 
         FIG.  7    schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a semiconductor device  700  in accordance with the disclosure. 
         FIGS.  8 A and  8 B  schematically show a perspective view and a plan view of a waveguiding transformer element  800  with an electrical interconnect. 
         FIG.  9    schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a multilayered injection-molded plastic  900  with an integrated hollow waveguide. 
         FIG.  10    schematically shows a plan view of a waveguiding transformer element  1000  such as a semiconductor device in accordance with the disclosure may contain. 
         FIG.  11    shows a flow diagram of a method for producing a semiconductor device in accordance with the disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which show for illustration purposes concrete aspects and implementations in which the disclosure can be implemented in practice. In this context, direction terms such as, for example, “at the top”, “at the bottom”, “at the front”, “at the back”, etc. may be used with respect to the orientation of the figures described. Since the components of the implementations described can be positioned in different orientations, the direction terms may be used for illustration purposes and are not restrictive in any way whatsoever. Other aspects can be used and structural or logical changes can be made, without departing from the concept of the present disclosure. That is to say that the following detailed description should not be understood in a restrictive sense. 
       FIG.  1    schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a semiconductor device  100  in accordance with the disclosure. The semiconductor device  100  is illustrated in a general way in order to describe aspects of the disclosure qualitatively. The semiconductor device  100  can have further aspects, which are not illustrated in  FIG.  1    for the sake of simplicity. For example, the semiconductor device  100  can be extended by any desired aspects described herein in connection with other devices in accordance with the disclosure. 
     The semiconductor device  100  comprises a substrate  2  having a first surface  4  and a second surface  6  opposite the first surface  4 . The semiconductor device  100  furthermore includes at least one connection element  8  arranged on the first surface  4  of the substrate  2  and serving for electrically and mechanically connecting the substrate  2  to a printed circuit board (not illustrated). Two connection elements  8  are shown in the example in  FIG.  1   . In further examples, the number of connection elements can deviate and be chosen differently in any desired manner. The connection elements  8  can be for example solder contacts in the form of solder balls or solder deposits. Furthermore, the semiconductor device  100  includes a radar semiconductor chip (or radar semiconductor die)  10  arranged on the first surface  4  of the substrate  2 . 
     The substrate  2  can be, in particular, a ball grid array (BGA) substrate. Furthermore, the radar semiconductor chip  10  can be connected to the substrate  2  in particular using flip-chip technology. That is to say that the radar semiconductor chip  10  can be mounted without further connection wires directly with an active contacting side downward toward the substrate  2 . Connection elements used for the flip-chip contacting are not explicitly illustrated in the example in  FIG.  1   . The substrate  2  and the radar semiconductor chip  10  can thus form in particular a flip-chip ball grid array (FCBGA). 
     The substrate  2  can comprise one or a plurality of layers composed of a ceramic or dielectric material. Structures for the routing and/or redistribution of electrical signals can be embedded into the layers. These signal routing structures can comprise plated-through holes and conductor tracks. The conductor tracks can be arranged on different planes between the ceramic or dielectric layers and can be electrically connected to one another by way of plated-through holes running substantially vertically with respect to the layers. In this case, the plated-through holes can extend partly, but not necessarily completely, through the substrate  2 . The signal routing structures can be designed, in particular, to electrically couple the radar semiconductor chip  10  and the at least one connection element  8 . Moreover, the signal routing structures can be designed very generally to produce electrical connections between electrical contact pads which can be arranged on the surfaces  4  and  6  of the substrate  2 . 
     The radar semiconductor chip  10  can contain integrated circuits, passive electronic components, active electronic components, etc. The integrated circuits can be embodied as integrated logic circuits, analog integrated circuits, integrated mixed signal circuits, integrated power circuits, etc. The radar semiconductor chip  10  can be produced from an elemental semiconductor material (e.g. Si, etc.) or from a compound semiconductor material (e.g. GaN, SiC, SiGe, GaAs, etc.). 
     The radar semiconductor chip  10  can operate in a radio-frequency or microwave frequency range that can generally extend from approximately 10 GHz to approximately 300 GHz. By way of example, the radar semiconductor chip  10  can thus comprise one or a plurality of integrated radio-frequency or microwave circuits that can operate in a frequency range of greater than 10 GHz. The microwaves transmitted and/or received by the radar semiconductor chip  10  can be millimeter waves, in particular, the wavelength of which can be in the millimeter range, in particular between approximately 1 mm and approximately 10 mm, which corresponds to a frequency band of approximately 30 GHz to approximately 300 GHz. Such microwave circuits can comprise for example microwave transmitters, microwave receivers, microwave transceivers, microwave sensors, and/or microwave detectors. The devices described herein can be used for radar applications. Radar microwave devices can be used for example in automotive or industrial applications for distance determining/distance measuring systems. By way of example, automatic vehicle speed regulating systems or vehicle anticollision systems can operate in the microwave frequency range, for example at approximately 24 GHz, 77 GHz or 79 GHz. 
       FIG.  2    schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a semiconductor device  200  in accordance with the disclosure. The semiconductor device  200  in  FIG.  2    can be regarded as a more detailed implementation of the semiconductor device  100  from  FIG.  1   . That is to say that the semiconductor device  100  illustrated in  FIG.  1    can be extended by any desired aspects of the semiconductor device  200  in  FIG.  2   . 
     The semiconductor device  200  includes an FCBGA  12 , which can be mounted on a printed circuit board  14 . Furthermore, a waveguide component  16  having one or a plurality of waveguides  24  can be mounted on the printed circuit board  14 . The FCBGA  12  can comprise a BGA substrate  2  having a first surface  4  and an opposite second surface  6 . The substrate  2  can be mechanically and electrically connected to the printed circuit board  14  by connection elements  8  arranged on the first surface  4 . A radar semiconductor chip  10  can be connected to the substrate  2  by way of further connection elements  18  using flip-chip technology. Signal routing structures  20  arranged in the substrate  2  can electrically connect the connection elements  8  to the radar semiconductor chip  10 . One or a plurality of waveguiding transformer elements  22  can be arranged on the second surface  6  of the substrate  2 . 
     An arrangement of the radar semiconductor chip  10  on the first surface  4  of the substrate  2  enables a suitable arrangement of the waveguiding transformer elements  22  on the opposite second surface  6  of the substrate  2 . In particular, the arrangement of the radar semiconductor chip  10  in accordance with the present disclosure provides a maximum area for the arrangement of the waveguiding transformer elements  22  on the second surface  6  of the substrate  2 . 
     The waveguiding transformer element  22  can be designed to feed or radiate microwave signals originally generated by the radar semiconductor chip  10  and guided to the waveguiding transformer element  22  into the waveguide  24  in a suitable manner. Conversely, the waveguiding transformer element  22  can furthermore be designed to receive microwave signals radiated into the waveguide  24  from outside the semiconductor device  200 , which microwave signals can then be guided to the radar semiconductor chip  10 . In the context described, the waveguiding transformer element  22  can also be referred to as a “waveguide feed”. A connection between the waveguiding transformer element  22  and the radar semiconductor chip  10  can be provided for example at least partly by a coaxial connection running substantially vertically. 
     The waveguiding transformer element  22  can be embodied for example as an antenna in the form of a structured metal layer on the second surface  6  of the substrate  2 . In this case, such an antenna does not necessarily radiate uniformly into space, but rather can be designed to feed the electromagnetic waves generated by the antenna into the waveguide  24  in a suitable manner. One example implementation of such an antenna structure is shown and described in  FIG.  10   . In this context, the respective waveguiding transformer element  22  can be arranged on the second surface  6  such that the waveguiding transformer element  22  and the volume of the waveguide  24  arranged thereabove at least partly overlap in an orthogonal projection onto the second surface  6  of the substrate  2 . 
     The waveguide component  16  can be embodied in an integral fashion or comprise a plurality of parts. The waveguide component  16  can be produced from plastic, a ceramic material and/or a dielectric material. In the example in  FIG.  2   , the waveguides  24  can be embodied in the form of hollow waveguides having metallized inner walls for microwave transmission. In further examples, waveguides of semiconductor devices in accordance with the disclosure can alternatively or additionally be embodied in the form of dielectric waveguides (see  FIG.  5   ) or substrate-integrated hollow waveguides (see  FIG.  6   ). In particular, the waveguide component  16  can be embodied in a multilayered injection-molded plastic and the at least one waveguide  24  can comprise a metallized hollow waveguide embodied in the injection-molded plastic. Only hollow waveguides running vertically through the waveguide component  16  are illustrated in the example in  FIG.  2   . In further examples, the waveguide component  16  can comprise any desired combination of horizontal and vertical hollow waveguide sections connected to one another. One example implementation of a horizontal hollow waveguide in a multilayered injection-molded plastic is shown and described in  FIG.  9   . 
     In the example in  FIG.  2   , the waveguide component  16  can be mounted on the printed circuit board  14  and be connected thereto. In further examples, the waveguide component  16  can likewise be arranged over the printed circuit board  14 , but need not necessarily touch the latter. The waveguide component  16  can extend over the second surface  6  and side surfaces of the substrate  2  and thereby at least partly cover or encapsulate the FCBGA  12 . 
     In the example in  FIG.  2   , an air gap  26  can be formed between the second surface  6  of the substrate  2  and a surface of the waveguide component  16  facing the substrate  2 . The air gap can have a height h of less than or equal to λ/10, wherein λ can correspond to a wavelength of signals transmitted in the waveguides  24 . The distance h can thus correspond to approximately 500 μm, 400 μm, 300 μm, 200 μm, 100 μm, 50 μm, 20 μm or be smaller. Mechanical stresses between the waveguide component  16  and the FCBGA  12  that possibly occur during operation of the semiconductor device  200  can be prevented or reduced by the air gap  26 . In the air gap  26 , one or a plurality of structures can be arranged which can be designed to reduce crosstalk of microwave signals transmitted in adjacent waveguides  24  of the waveguide component  16 . In particular, the structures can be designed to form standing electromagnetic waves in the air gap  26  between the waveguides  24  and thereby to prevent crosstalk between the waveguides  24 . By way of example, suitable structures of this type can comprise λ/4 structures, wherein λ can correspond to a wavelength of signals transmitted in the waveguides  24 . 
     In a further example, the waveguide component  16  can contact the second surface  6  of the substrate  2 , with the result that an air gap  26  as illustrated in  FIG.  2    need not necessarily be formed. Crosstalk of microwave signals transmitted in the adjacent waveguides  24  can be reduced or prevented as a result. In order to reduce mechanical stresses between the FCBGA  12  and the waveguide component  16  during operation of the semiconductor device  200 , for example the coefficients of thermal expansion of the waveguide component  16  and of the FCBGA  12  can be coordinated with one another. 
     An encapsulation material  80  can be arranged over the first surface  4  of the substrate  2 , which encapsulation material  80  can at least partly embed the radar semiconductor chip  10 . The radar semiconductor chip  10  can be protected against negative external influences, such as moisture, for example, by the encapsulation material  80 . The encapsulation material  80  can include for example at least one from a mold compound, a laminate, an epoxy, a filled epoxy, a glass-fiber-filled epoxy, an imide, a thermoplastic, a thermosetting polymer, or a polymer mixture. 
       FIG.  3    schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a semiconductor device  300  in accordance with the disclosure. The semiconductor device  300  can be similar to the semiconductor device  200  from  FIG.  2    and comprise at least partly identical components. In  FIG.  3   , the waveguide component  16  having the hollow waveguides  24  from  FIG.  2    can be replaced by a dielectric lens  28 . Furthermore, the waveguiding transformer elements  22  aligned with the waveguides  24  in  FIG.  2    can be replaced by one or a plurality of antennas or radar antennas  30  arranged on the second surface  6  of the substrate  2 . The antennas  30  can form an antenna array having a plurality of transmitting and receiving antennas. 
     The dielectric lens  28  can be designed to focus signals transmitted or received by the semiconductor device  300  or the antennas  30 . That is to say that waves emitted into space substantially uniformly by the antennas  30  can be focused into a delimited narrow beam. Conversely, received waves can be focused onto the antennas  30  with the aid of the dielectric lens  28 . The shape of the dielectric lens  28  can therefore be coordinated in particular with the arrangement of the antennas  30 . The dielectric lens  28  can be produced by employing a  3 D printing method, for example. In this case, the dielectric lens  28  can be produced from one or more of the following materials: quartz, polyethylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-M30 plastic. 
       FIG.  4    schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a semiconductor device  400  in accordance with the disclosure. The semiconductor device  400  can be similar to the semiconductor device  200  from  FIG.  2    and comprise at least partly identical components. In contrast to  FIG.  2   , the semiconductor device  400  comprises, instead of the waveguiding transformer element  22 , a waveguide transition element  32  integrated into the substrate  2 , and an electrical interconnect  34 . The waveguide transition element  32  can be designed to feed a radar signal generated by the radar semiconductor chip  10  into the waveguide  24  and vice versa. The electrical interconnect  34  can be designed to electrically couple the waveguide transition element  32  to the radar semiconductor chip  10 . One example implementation of the waveguide transition element  32  and of the electrical interconnect  34  is shown and described in  FIGS.  8 A and  8 B . 
     The waveguide transition element  32  and the electrical interconnect  34  can be designed to convert a transverse electromagnetic mode (TEM mode) of the microwave transmission line that forms the electrical interconnect  34  into a transverse electrical mode (TE mode) of the waveguide  24 . As already described above, the waveguide  24  can be aligned with the waveguide transition element  32  in order to provide an effective coupling of a waveguide signal to the waveguide  24 . If the waveguide transition element  32  operates as a transmitter, it can for example also be referred to as a launcher, for example a TE 01  launcher, if it is used to feed the TE 10  mode into the waveguide  24 . 
     The waveguide transition element  32  can be partly or completely embedded into the substrate  2 . In one example, the waveguide transition element  32  can be a prefabricated insert that has been embedded into the substrate  2 . In a further example, the waveguide transition element  32  can be produced directly in the substrate  2  after the substrate  2  has been formed. The waveguide transition element  32  can comprise at least one electrically conductive wall structure. In the example in  FIG.  4   , the electrically conductive wall structure can be an “open structure” comprising at least one metallized via hole  60 , for example, which can be embodied either directly in the substrate  2  or in an insert. If the waveguide  24  is embodied as a hollow waveguide, the metallized via holes  60  can be regarded as a continuation of the hollow waveguide into the substrate  2 . By way of example, the via holes  60  can be produced into the substrate  2  using laser drilling, and a metallization of the inner walls of the via holes  60  can be produced using conductive paste or metal plating, for example. In a further example, the electrically conductive wall structure can comprise for example a metal lining on a wall of such an insert. In this case, the electrically conductive wall structure can be configured as a grid or network of conductive strips embodied on the side walls of the insert. Furthermore, the conductive wall structure can be embodied as a continuous metal lining on the side walls of the insert. 
     The electrical interconnect  34  can be partly or completely embedded into the substrate  2 . In one example, the electrical interconnect  34  can be embodied as or comprise a hollow waveguide integrated into the substrate  2 . In a further example, the electrical interconnect  34  can be embodied as or comprise an electrical redistribution layer, which can be positioned at a lower surface of the substrate  2 . One suitable redistribution layer is shown and described in  FIGS.  8 A and  8 B . 
       FIG.  5    schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a semiconductor device  500  in accordance with the disclosure. The semiconductor device  500  can be similar to the semiconductor device  200  from  FIG.  2    and comprise at least partly identical components. In  FIG.  5   , the waveguide component  16  having the hollow waveguides  24  from  FIG.  2    can be replaced by one or a plurality of dielectric waveguides  36 . Each of the dielectric waveguides  36  can be arranged above a waveguiding transformer element  22  and aligned therewith. The dielectric waveguides  36  can be produced for example from plastic materials, in particular from polypropylene, polystyrene and/or polyethylene. 
       FIG.  6    schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a semiconductor device  600  in accordance with the disclosure. The semiconductor device  600  can be similar to the semiconductor device  200  from  FIG.  2    and comprise at least partly identical components. In  FIG.  6   , the waveguide component  16  having the hollow waveguides  24  from  FIG.  2    can be replaced by a substrate-integrated hollow waveguide  38 . The substrate-integrated hollow waveguide  38  can comprise a dielectric substrate  40 , which can be coated with an electrically conductive material  42 , for example a metal, on its top side and underside. The electrically conductive material  42  can be electrically connected by way of electrical plated-through holes  44  running through the dielectric substrate  40 . The properties of the substrate-integrated hollow waveguide  38  with regard to its waveguiding functionality are comparable with those of a rectangular waveguide. 
       FIG.  7    schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a semiconductor device  700  in accordance with the disclosure. The semiconductor device  700  can be similar to the semiconductor device  200  from  FIG.  2    and comprise at least partly identical components. In addition, the semiconductor device  700  can comprise a heat conducting element  46  arranged between the radar semiconductor chip  10  and the printed circuit board  14 . In particular, in this case, the heat conducting element  46  can contact the underside of the radar semiconductor chip  10  and/or the top side of the printed circuit board  14 . The heat conducting element  46  can be designed to reduce a thermal resistance between the radar semiconductor chip  10  and the printed circuit board  14 , such that heat generated by the radar semiconductor chip  10  during operation of the semiconductor device  700  can be dissipated in an improved manner. For this purpose, the printed circuit board  14  can additionally be connected to a heat sink (not illustrated). The heat conducting element  46  can be embodied for example by a thermally conductive paste or a thermally conductive pad. 
       FIGS.  8 A and  8 B  illustrate one example waveguiding transformer element  800 , which can be used for example in the semiconductor device  400  in  FIG.  4   . The waveguiding transformer element  800  can be fed for example by a coplanar microwave transmission line (CTL)  48 . The CTL  48  can comprise a central conductor  50  and a pair of return conductors  52 , which can be arranged on both sides of the central conductor  50 . The CTL  48  can be embodied for example in a redistribution layer of the substrate  2 , which layer can be arranged for example on an underside of the substrate  2 . 
     The CTL  48  shown in  FIGS.  8 A and  8 B  can represent one example of the electrical interconnect  34  from  FIG.  4    or at least one part thereof. In a further example, the electrical interconnect can be embodied by microstrip transmission lines embodied in two different metal layers of a redistribution layer. The waveguiding transformer element  800  can comprise a tapering line structure  54  for a mode transformation. The tapering line structure  54  can be connected to the central conductor  50  and can be embodied as a structured metal layer. 
     The structured metal layer can form a baseplate of the waveguiding transformer element  800 , which at least partly covers the interior of the element. A remaining section of the interior of the waveguiding transformer element  800  can be embodied as an opening  56  in the baseplate. The baseplate with the tapering line structure  54  can furthermore have a framelike structure  58 , which can define the side walls of the waveguiding transformer element  800 . The electrically conductive side walls can be realized by one or more series of metallized via holes  60 . In other examples, the electrically conductive side walls of the waveguiding transformer element  800  can be realized by one or more series of conductive slots or by way of side walls having a continuous metal lining. 
     The rear-side metal lining, that is to say for example the tapering line structure  54 , the framelike structure  58  and the opening  56  can be embodied in each case within a metal layer of a redistribution layer. It should be noted that the tapering line structure  54  is merely one possibility for conversion of a TEM mode into a TE mode or vice versa. Other possibilities are likewise realizable, such as, for example, a single contact hole arranged in the inner side of the waveguiding transformer element  800  and connected to the central conductor  50  for the excitation of the TE waveguide mode. 
       FIG.  9    schematically shows a cross-sectional side view of a multilayered injection-molded plastic  900  with an integrated hollow waveguide. By way of example, the waveguide component  16  from  FIG.  2    can be embodied by a similar injection-molded plastic. The injection-molded plastic  900  can comprise a first layer arrangement  62  and a second layer arrangement  64 . Each of the layer arrangements  62  and  64  can comprise one or a plurality of layers, for example layers composed of a ceramic and/or dielectric material. The first layer arrangement  62  can have a cutout  66  running horizontally, while the second layer arrangement  64  can have through holes  68  running vertically through the second layer arrangement  64 . The layer arrangements  62  and  64  can be aligned with one another such that the cutout  66  and the through holes  68  form a channel running continuously through the layer arrangements  62  and  64 . The inner walls of this channel can be covered by a metallization  70  throughout. The channel with its metallized inner walls can thus form a hollow waveguide through the layer arrangements  62  and  64 . 
       FIG.  9    is intended to illustrate by way of example a substantially horizontal course of a hollow waveguide through a multilayered injection-molded plastic  900 . Only part of the injection-molded plastic  900  is illustrated here. The injection-molded plastic  900  can comprise any desired number of further layer arrangements, which can be structured and arranged one above another such that one or a plurality of hollow waveguides having any desired combination of horizontal and vertical sections can extend through the injection-molded plastic  900 . Any desired course of the hollow waveguide(s) through the injection-molded plastic  900  can be realized using a suitable combination of horizontal and vertical sections. 
       FIG.  10    schematically shows a plan view of a waveguiding transformer element  1000  such as a semiconductor device in accordance with the disclosure can contain. By way of example, the waveguiding transformer element  22  in  FIG.  2    can be embodied in the form of a similar waveguiding transformer element. As already described in  FIG.  2   , the waveguiding transformer element  1000  can be arranged on a substrate  2 . The waveguiding transformer element  1000  can comprise a patch antenna  72 , which can be surrounded by a ground structure  74 . The patch antenna  72  can be embodied by a rectangular metal surface, for example, and the ground structure  74  can extend around the patch antenna  72  in a rectangular frame shape. The arrangement shown in  FIG.  10    can be designed for example to radiate microwave signals originally generated by a radar semiconductor chip  10  and guided to the waveguiding transformer element  22  into a waveguide in a suitable manner. 
       FIG.  11    shows a flow diagram of a method for producing a semiconductor device in accordance with the disclosure. For example, the semiconductor device  100  from  FIG.  1    can be produced by the method. The steps of the method can be carried out, insofar as is technically practical, in any desired order successively or at least partly simultaneously. At  76 , at least one connection element is arranged on a first surface of a substrate. The at least one connection element is designed to electrically and mechanically connect the substrate to a printed circuit board. At  78 , a radar semiconductor chip is arranged on the first surface of the substrate. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Semiconductor devices comprising a radar semiconductor chip and associated production methods are explained below on the basis of examples. 
     Example 1 is a semiconductor device, comprising: a substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; at least one connection element arranged on the first surface of the substrate and serving for electrically and mechanically connecting the substrate to a printed circuit board; and a radar semiconductor chip arranged on the first surface of the substrate. 
     Example 2 is a semiconductor device according to example 1, furthermore comprising: at least one radar antenna arranged on the second surface of the substrate, or a waveguiding transformer element arranged on the second surface of the substrate. 
     Example 3 is a semiconductor device according to example 1 or 2, furthermore comprising: a waveguide transition element integrated into the substrate, wherein the waveguide transition element is designed to feed a radar signal generated by the radar semiconductor chip into a radar waveguide; and an electrical interconnect designed to electrically couple the waveguide transition element to the radar semiconductor chip. 
     Example 4 is a semiconductor device according to example 3, wherein the waveguide transition element comprises at least one metallized via hole. 
     Example 5 is a semiconductor device according to example 3 or 4, wherein the electrical interconnect comprises a hollow waveguide integrated into the substrate. 
     Example 6 is a semiconductor device according to any of examples 3 to 5, wherein the electrical interconnect comprises an electrical redistribution layer of the substrate. 
     Example 7 is a semiconductor device according to any of the preceding examples, furthermore comprising: a waveguide component arranged over the second surface of the substrate, wherein the waveguide component comprises at least one waveguide. 
     Example 8 is a semiconductor device according to example 7, wherein the waveguide component extends over the second surface and side surfaces of the substrate. 
     Example 9 is a semiconductor device according to example 7 or 8, wherein the waveguide component is embodied in a multilayered injection-molded plastic and the at least one waveguide comprises a metallized hollow waveguide embodied in the injection-molded plastic. 
     Example 10 is a semiconductor device according to any of examples 7 to 9, wherein the at least one waveguide comprises at least one or more from a group consisting of an air-filled hollow waveguide, a dielectric waveguide, and a substrate-integrated hollow waveguide. 
     Example 11 is a semiconductor device according to any of examples 7 to 10, wherein the volume of the at least one waveguide and the radar antenna or the volume of the at least one waveguide and the waveguiding transformer element at least partly overlap in an orthogonal projection onto the second surface of the substrate. 
     Example 12 is a semiconductor device according to any of examples 7 to 11, furthermore comprising: an air gap embodied between the second surface of the substrate and a surface of the waveguide component facing the substrate. 
     Example 13 is a semiconductor device according to example 12, furthermore comprising: at least one structure arranged in the air gap and designed to reduce crosstalk of signals transmitted in adjacent waveguides of the waveguide component. 
     Example 14 is a semiconductor device according to any of the preceding examples, furthermore comprising: a dielectric lens arranged over the second surface of the substrate and designed to focus signals transmitted or received by the semiconductor device. 
     Example 15 is a semiconductor device according to any of the preceding examples, wherein the substrate comprises: at least one layer composed of a ceramic or dielectric material; and signal routing structures having plated-through holes and conductor tracks, the signal routing structures being embedded into the at least one layer, wherein the signal routing structures are designed to electrically couple the radar semiconductor chip and the at least one connection element. 
     Example 16 is a semiconductor device according to any of the preceding examples, furthermore comprising: a heat conducting element arranged between the radar semiconductor chip and the printed circuit board. 
     Example 17 is a semiconductor device according to any of the preceding examples, furthermore comprising: an encapsulation material arranged over the first surface of the substrate, wherein the radar semiconductor chip is at least partly embedded into the encapsulation material. 
     Example 18 is a semiconductor device according to any of the preceding examples, wherein the substrate forms a ball grid array substrate, and the radar semiconductor chip is connected to the substrate using flip-chip technology, such that the substrate and the radar semiconductor chip form a flip-chip ball grid array. 
     Example 19 is a method for producing a semiconductor device, wherein the method comprises: arranging at least one connection element on a first surface of a substrate, wherein the at least one connection element is designed to electrically and mechanically connect the substrate to a printed circuit board; and arranging a radar semiconductor chip on the first surface of the substrate. 
     Example 20 is a method according to example 19, furthermore comprising: arranging a waveguide component over a second surface of the substrate, wherein the waveguide component comprises at least one waveguide. 
     Within the meaning of the present description, the terms “connected”, “coupled”, “electrically connected” and/or “electrically coupled” need not necessarily mean that components must be directly connected or coupled to one another. Intervening components can be present between the “connected”, “coupled”, “electrically connected” or “electrically coupled” components. 
     Furthermore, the word “over” used for example with respect to a material layer that is formed “over” a surface of an object or is situated “over” the surface can be used in the present description in the sense that the material layer is arranged (for example formed, deposited, etc.) “directly on”, for example in direct contact with, the surface meant. The word “over” used for example with respect to a material layer that is formed or arranged “over” a surface can also be used in the present text in the sense that the material layer is arranged (e.g. formed, deposited, etc.) “indirectly on” the surface meant, wherein for example one or more additional layers are situated between the surface meant and the material layer. 
     Insofar as the terms “have”, “contain”, “encompass”, “with” or variants thereof are used either in the detailed description or in the claims, these terms are intended to be inclusive in a similar manner to the term “comprise”. That means that within the meaning of the present description the terms “have”, “contain”, “encompass”, “with”, “comprise” and the like are open terms which indicate the presence of stated elements or features but do not exclude further elements or features. The articles “a/an” or “the” should be understood such that they include the plural meaning and also the singular meaning, unless the context clearly suggests a different understanding. 
     Furthermore, the word “exemplary” is used in the present text in the sense that it serves as an example, a case or an illustration. An aspect or a design that is described as “exemplary” in the present text should not necessarily be understood in the sense as though it has advantages over other aspects or designs. Rather, the use of the word “exemplary” is intended to present concepts in a concrete manner. Within the meaning of this application, the term “or” does not mean an exclusive “or”, but rather an inclusive “or”. That is to say that, unless indicated otherwise or unless a different interpretation is allowed by the context, “X uses A or B” means each of the natural inclusive permutations. That is to say if X uses A, X uses B or X uses both A and B, then “X uses A or B” is fulfilled in each of the cases mentioned above. Moreover, the articles “a/an” can be interpreted within the meaning of this application and the accompanying claims generally as “one or more”, unless it is expressly stated or clearly evident from the context that only a singular is meant. Furthermore, at least one from A and B or the like generally means A or B or both A and B. 
     Devices and methods for producing devices are described in the present description. Observations made in connection with a device described can also apply to a corresponding method, and vice versa. If a specific component of a device is described, for example, then a corresponding method for producing the device can contain an action for providing the component in a suitable manner, even if such an action is not explicitly described or illustrated in the figures. Moreover, the features of the various example aspects described in the present text can be combined with one another, unless expressly noted otherwise. 
     Although the disclosure has been shown and described with respect to one or more implementations, equivalent alterations and modifications based at least in part on the reading and understanding of this description and the accompanying drawings will be apparent to the person skilled in the art. The disclosure includes all such modifications and alterations and is restricted solely by the concept of the following claims. Especially with respect to the various functions that are implemented by the above-described components (for example elements, resources, etc.), the intention is that, unless indicated otherwise, the terms used for describing such components correspond to any components which implement the specified function of the described component (which is functionally equivalent, for example), even if it is not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure which implements the function of the example implementations of the disclosure as presented herein. Furthermore, even if a specific feature of the disclosure has been disclosed with respect to only one of various implementations, such a feature can be combined with one or more other features of the other implementations in a manner such as is desired and advantageous for a given or specific application.