Patent Publication Number: US-4317917-A

Title: Derivatives of methyl-substituted or methoxy-substituted 2-hydroxybenzoic acids, and pharmaceutical formulations containing them

Description:
This invention relates to derivatives of methyl-substituted or methoxy-substituted 2-hydroxybenzoic acids of general formula (I) ##STR1## in which: 
     R represents hydrogen, and R&#39; represents the cinnamoyl residue (3-phenyl-2-propenoyl); or 
     R represents cinnamyl (3-phenyl-2-propenyl), and 
     R&#39; represents hydrogen; and 
     R&#34; represents CH 3  or OCH 3 . 
     The compounds (I) have marked antiinflammatory, analgesic and antibacterial activity, accompanied by very low toxicity, an excellent local tolerability, and an ulcerogenic action which is certainly less than that of known drugs. Consequently, the invention also relates to pharmaceutical formulations of antiinflammatory, analgesic and antibacterial activity containing one or more compounds of formula (I) as their active principle. Finally, the invention also relates to a process for preparing compounds of formula (I), characterised in that (a) methyl- or methoxy-2-hydroxybenzoic acids are reacted with cinnamyl alcohol (3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ol) in the presence of acid catalysts, or (b) an activated derivative of cinnamic acid (3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid) is reacted with a methyl- or methoxy-2-hydroxy-benzoic acid, in accordance with the scheme: ##STR2## in which R, R&#39; and R&#34; have the aforesaid meanings, and X represents a halogen atom, and alkoxyl residue or a residue such as to form a mixed anhydride with the 3-phenyl-2-propenoyl group. Preferably, reaction (a) is catalysed by anhydrous phosphoric acid, whereas in reaction (b) 3-phenyl-2-propenoyl chloride is used. 
    
    
     The examples given hereinafter illustrate the process according to the invention, but without limiting it. The structure of the described compounds has been confirmed by analytical and spectroscopic data. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     (3-Phenyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoate 
     40.251 g of 3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ol (0.3 moles) and 4.9 g of anhydrous phosphoric acid (0.05 moles) are added to 15.24 g of 2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoic acid (0.1 moles). The mixture is heated to 95°-100° C. under stirring for 24 hours. It is then cooled, and dissolved in 200 ml of ether. 
     The ether solution is extracted with water until the phosphoric acid is removed, then with 50 ml of a 10% potassium carbonate solution. The aqueous alkaline solution is acidified with 2N HCl. The solid precipitate is removed by filtration and washed with water heated to 60°-70° C. 
     The crude product is crystallised from 60% methanol. 24 g (yield 89.4%) of (3-phenyl-2-propenyl)-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoate are obtained, having a m.p. of 178.5°-179° C. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     (3-Phenyl-2-propenyl)-2-hydroxy-4-methylbenzoate 
     Using the method of example 1, 15.24 g of 2-hydroxy-4-methylbenzoic acid (0.1 moles), 40.251 g of 3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ol (0.3 moles) and 4.9 g of anhydrous phosphoric acid (0.05 moles) give 23.9 g (89% yield) of (3-phenyl-2-propenyl)-2-hydroxy-4-methylbenzoate, m.p. 196°14 196.5° C. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     (3-Phenyl-2-propenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzoate 
     Using the method of example 1, 15.24 g of 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzoic acid (0.1 moles), 40.251 g of 3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ol (0.3 moles) of 4.9 g of anhydrous phosphoric acid (0.05 moles) give 23.9 g (yield 89%) of (3-phenyl-2-propenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzoate, m.p. 154°-154.5° C. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     2-(3-Phenyl-2-propenoyloxy)-5-methylbenzoic acid 
     20.82 g. of SOCl 2  (0.175 moles) are added to 14.815 g(0.1  moles) of 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, and the mixture heated under reflux for 8 hours. The excess SOCl 2  is then distilled off under reduced pressure. The residue is taken up in 250 ml of anhydrous benzene, and a suspension of 15.24 g of 2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoic acid (0.1 moles) in 250 ml of anhydrous benzene is added. 
     The mixture is heated under reflux for about 35 hours, is then cooled and extracted with a 5% aqueous potassium carbonate solution. The separated alkaline solution is acidified with 2N HCl. The solid precipitate is removed by filtration and washed with water heated to 60°-70° C. 
     The crude product is first crystallised from glacial acetic acid, then from 60% methanol. 
     23 g of 2-(3-phenyl-2-propenoyloxy)-5-methylbenzoic acid (yield 81.47%) are obtained, having a m.p. of 161.5°-162° C. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     2-(3-Phenyl-2-propenoyloxy)-4-methylbenzoic acid 
     Using the method of example 4, 14.815 g (0.1 moles) of 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid and 20.82 g of SOCl 2  (0.175 moles) followed by 15.24 g of 2-hydroxy-4-methylbenzoic acid (0.1 moles) give 22.4 g of 2-(3-phenyl-2-propenoyloxy)-4-methylbenzoic acid (yield 81.1%), m.p. 156.5°-157° C. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     2-(3-Phenyl-2-propenoyloxy)-3-methylbenzoic acid 
     Using the method of example 4, 14.815 g(0.1 moles) of 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid and 20.82 g of SOCl 2  (0.175 moles) followed by 15.24 g of 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzoic acid (0.1 moles) give 23.1 g of 2-(3-phenyl-2-propenoyloxy)-3-methylbenzoic acid (yield 81.8%), m.p. 141°-141.5° C. 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     (2-propenyl-3-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoate 
     Using the method of example 1, 16.814 g (0.1 moles) of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid, 40.251 g of 3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ol (0.3 moles) and 4.9 g of anhydrous phosphoric acid (0.05 moles) give 26.838 g (yield 90%) of (2-propenyl-3-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoate. 
     The characteristics of high activity and practical absence of side effects of the products according to the invention are illustrated hereinafter by way of example, for 2-(3-phenyl-2-propenoyloxy)-5-methylbenzoic acid (see example 4), indicated by the symbol AF1 for brevity. 
     1. Acute toxicity 
     Acute toxicity of the product was studied in the Swiss mouse and Wistar rat by oral and intraperitoneal administration. The substance was carried in 5% gum arabic for both methods of administration. The volumes inoculated for both methods of administration were 20 ml/kg of body weight for the mouse and 5 ml/kg for the rat. The LD 50  values expressed in mg/kg were calculated on the seventh day of treatment by the probital analysis method. 
     The results are given in table 1. 
     
                       TABLE 1                                                     
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LD.sub.50 values in mg/kg and their 95% reliability limits                
(given in brackets)                                                       
Animal                                                                    
      Administration method                                               
                         AF1                                              
______________________________________                                    
Mouse oral               901.8 (877.4-926.8)                              
      i.p.               410.1 (373.9-451.1)                              
Rat   oral               &gt;2000                                            
      i.p.               733.8 (696.0-775.0)                              
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     2. Subacute toxicity in the rat by intramuscular administration 
     The test was carried out for 25 consecutive days using drug doses of 60 and 120 mg/kg/die. The condition of the rats was always excellent, neither were there significant changes in general condition and weight. 
     3. Local tolerability check 
     A 0.5 solution of AF1 dropped into the conjunctival sac of the eye of a rabbit caused no irritating or otherwise damaging modification to local tissues. In addition, intramuscular administration of the product at a dose of 60-120 mg/kg/die for 25 consecutive days, carried out on the rat by subchronic treatment, led to no macroscopic change in the tissues where the drug was introduced, neither were other undesirable local phenomena observed. 
     4. Antiinflammatory activity 
     4.1 Edema by carrageen 
     The antiinflammatory activity of AF1 was evaluated in comparison with that of a known drug (Tanderil®) by inhibiting the edema induced in the rear paw of the rat by carrageen. The method used is that described by Winter. 
     The substances examined were administered orally to Wistar rats having a body weight of 165±15 g. 
     The percentage edema inhibition for the various groups of animals was calculated by putting the average percentage increase of the control group equal to 100. 
     The results are shown in table 2. 
     
                       TABLE 2                                                     
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Edema by carrageen                                                        
               Percentage edema inhibition relative                       
Treatment      to the controls at the following                           
mg/kg by       times after edematigenous treatment                        
oral admi-     (average values)                                           
No. animals                                                               
        nistration 4 hours      6 hours                                   
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15      Tanderil 25    58         68                                      
15      Tanderil 50    56         78                                      
15      AF1      25    42         71                                      
15      AF1      50    62         84                                      
15      AF1      75    73         87                                      
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     4.2 Edema by kaolin 
     The antiedematous action of AF1 was also investigated by the test of Conbon and coll. (Arch.Int.Pharmacodyn. 99; 474, 1954), consisting of measuring the diameter of the tibiotarsal joint in both the rear paws of the rat. Groups of five animals representing controls and treated animals were used for two separate experiments. 0.2 ml of a sterile 10% kaolin suspension was injected directly into the joint of the two rear paws of each animal. 
     The joint diameter was measured one hour after the kaolin injection and then every 24 hours afterwards for five consecutive days. The AF1 compound was administered intraperitoneally in a quantity of 100 mg/kg one hour after the kaolin injection and at the same time on the following days over the entire test period. 
     The results are shown in table 3. 
     
                       TABLE 3                                                     
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Edema by kaolin. Effect of AF1 on edema induced                           
by kaolin.                                                                
               Average of diameters (mm)                                  
               Mean values                                                
Time after                       % inhibition                             
treatment with       Treated ani-                                         
                                 relative to                              
kaolin. Days                                                              
           Controls  mals        controls                                 
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0          5.9       5.8         --                                       
0 + 1 hour 6.6       6.9         --                                       
1          9.9       8.8         -11.1                                    
2          10.2      8.7         -14.7                                    
3          10.9      8.0         -26.6                                    
4          10.3      7.9         -23.3                                    
5          10.1      7.5         -25.7                                    
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     5. Analgesic activity 
     The analgesic activity of the compound under examination was tested in the mouse by the method of Ben Bassat and coll. (Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn, 122, 434, 1954) and comparing the drug in question with Tanderil® (T). 
     The relative results are illustrated in table 4. 
     
                       TABLE 4                                                     
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Analgesic action of the new drug and Tanderil® in                     
the mouse.                                                                
               % Increase in the painful reaction                         
     Treatment time relative to the controls, at the                      
No.  mg/kg by  following minutes after administra-                        
ani- oral admi-                                                           
               tion                                                       
mals nistration                                                           
               30 min. 60 min.                                            
                             90 min.                                      
                                   120 min.                               
                                          150 min.                        
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20   T      100    11    14    15    20     21                            
20   AF1    100    22    32    36    48     51                            
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     6. Ulcerogenic action 
     The ulcerogenic action of the product was evaluated in the female Wistar rat in comparison with that of other known antiinflammatory drugs. 
     Animals were used having a body weight of between 150 and 180 g, and which had fasted for 24 hours before treatment. The products were administered orally in a dose corresponding to about two fifths their LD 50 . 
     The animals were sacrificed four hours after treatment, and the stomachs examined to check any presence of ulcers. 
     The results are given in table 5. 
     
                       TABLE 5                                                     
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Ulcerogenic action                                                        
                        No. of ulcerated animals/                         
Product   Dose mg/kg    No. of treated animals                            
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AF1       400           0/10                                              
AF1       800           1/10                                              
Naproxen  200           5/10                                              
Phenylbutazone                                                            
          200           4/10                                              
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     Even in mice treated for 5 consecutive days with 200 mg/kg per day of AF1, there was no sign of any gastric or duodenal lesion. 
     7. &#34;In vitro&#34; antibacterial activity 
     The antiseptic power of the substance under examination was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibiting concentration (C.M.I.) on a series of Gram negative and Gram positive germs related to the pathology of the respiratory tree. 
     The culture broth used was Difco nutrient broth, and 8 test samples were used for each concentration tested. Guaiacol was used as the comparison drug. 
     The results are given in table 6. 
     
                       TABLE 6                                                     
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Minimum inhibiting concentration on the                                   
following microorganisms - (mcg/ml)                                       
                                 Micro-                                   
                          Micrococ-                                       
                                 coccus                                   
                                       Micrococ-                          
       Haemophilus                                                        
                  Sarcina cus catar-                                      
                                 pyoge-                                   
                                       cus tuberc.                        
       influeniae lutea   rhalis nes   (bovis)                            
(Gram) (-)        (+)     (-)    (+)   (+)                                
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Product                                                                   
Guaiacol                                                                  
       33,000     33,000  16,600 33,000                                   
                                       33,000                             
AF1    16,000      9,150   4,300 16,600                                   
                                        3,150                             
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     The compounds of the invention can be used in therapy in various pharmaceutical formulations, examples of which are as follows, in each case with reference to 2-(3-phenyl-2-propenoyloxy)-5-methylbenzoic acid (AF1). 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
100 mg tablets                                                            
AF1                    100     mg                                         
lactose                150     mg                                         
potato starch          30      mg                                         
magnesium stearate     2       mg                                         
                       282     mg                                         
100 mg pills                                                              
AF1                    100     mg                                         
lactose                100     mg                                         
corn starch            30      mg                                         
magnesium stearate     2       mg                                         
                       232     mg                                         
200 mg capsules                                                           
AF1                    200     mg                                         
lactose                150     mg                                         
corn starch            30      mg                                         
magnesium stearate     2       mg                                         
                       382     mg                                         
150 mg suppositories                                                      
AF1                    150     mg                                         
base for suppositories                                                    
(semisynthetic glycerides)                                                
                       1550    mg                                         
                       1700    mg                                         
300 mg vaginal ovules                                                     
AF1                    300     mg                                         
base for ovules        2400    mg                                         
(semisynthetic glycerides)                                                
quantity required to total                                                
                       2700    mg                                         
3% dermatological ointment                                                
AF1                    3       g                                          
ethyl alcohol          70      g                                          
vaseline oil           100     g                                          
50 cm.sup.3 spray                                                         
Each 50 cm.sup.3 bottle contains:                                         
micronised AF1         1.000   g                                          
calcium stearate       0.500   g                                          
isopropyl myristrate   40.000  g                                          
compressed nitrogen                                                       
quantity required to total                                                
                       50      cm.sup.3                                   
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