Patent Publication Number: US-2022227507-A1

Title: Process for the conditioned packaging of hard gelatin capsules

Description:
The invention relates to a method for conditioning a hard gelatin capsule having any moisture content to a dry and non-brittle state when packed in a cavity of a blister base closed by a lid film, wherein the hard gelatin capsule is a hard starch capsule manufactured from collagen and the hard gelatin capsule contains pharmaceuticals and wherein the dry state of the hard gelatin capsule means a relative humidity of less than 50% at room temperature and the non-brittle state means that the hard gelatin capsule does not break when pressed out of the cavity of the blister base through the lid film. 
     Hard gelatin capsules are considered one of the most commonly used dosage forms in pharmaceutical drugs delivery because of their ease in swallowing, the shells have no taste and the drugs which are not having a pleasant taste and smell can be administered easily. They can be manufactured in different colours and the drug will be released easily as there is no compaction. Hard gelatin capsules are not generally used for compounds that are highly soluble because the drug is delivered at once. Materials and packaging materials which release water cause softening of the capsules. Substances that absorb water cause brittleness of the powder and the capsule. That means the packaging for this kind of materials is critical for the correct drug delivery. 
     EP-A-2478886 discloses a packaging material for the production of a packaging for moisture-sensitive products. Said packaging material provides in a head space of the packaging above the products a relative humidity (RH) of 5 to 80% at a temperature of −20° C. to 50° C. Said packaging material comprises an aluminium foil as a water vapour barrier, wherein the aluminium foil comprises on a first side a moisture-regulating absorber layer and on the second side is uncoated, coated, painted or laminated, wherein the moisture-regulating absorber layer contains 0.15 to 95% by weight of a hygroscopic salt and/or 0.15 to 95% by weight of silica gel and/or 0.15 to 95% by weight of zeolites. 
     EP-61-2135738 describes a method for setting the moisture level of a moisture-absorbing material in a laminate for manufacturing blister base parts of blister packs for packaging moisture-sensitive products. Said laminate comprises a barrier layer against water vapour and gases, an outer layer made of a polyamide arranged on a first side of the barrier layer, a moisture-absorbing material arranged on the second side of the barrier layer, and a sealable inner layer made of a polyolefin arranged on the second side of the barrier layer and covering the absorbing material. In order to absorb water in the polyamide outer layer, the laminate is passed through a water bath or wetted or vaporised with water and subsequently rolled up for storage, wherein the water absorbed by the polyamide outer layer is released into the absorber material in the rolled-up laminate by permeation via the inner layer made of polyolefin. 
     US-A1-2007/160789 describes a film structure and a method of manufacturing and use of said film structure having a desiccant material within a film layer of the film structure wherein said film structure is utilized in a package for a product that is sensitive to the presence of moisture such as a drug coated medical stent or device. 
     EP-A1-2068812 discloses a medicinal package comprising a chemical absorption-type desiccant such as metallic oxide for reducing smells in a medicinal preparation. 
     EP-A1-1733872 discloses a cold formable laminate for the production of blisters for packaging products sensitive to moisture, oxygen and acid, wherein the laminate comprises a barrier layer as a barrier against water vapour and gases, a plastic layer arranged on a first side of the barrier layer as an outer layer and a sealable inner layer arranged on the second side of the barrier layer, wherein a moisture, oxygen and acid absorbing absorber material is arranged on the second side of the barrier layer. 
     The aim of this invention is to provide a method for packaging a hard gelatin capsule in a blister package in a dry and non-brittle state that avoids the risk of brittle failure when the hard gelatin capsule is pressed out of the cavity through the lid film of the blister package. 
     Present invention provides a method for conditioning a hard gelatin capsule having any moisture content to a dry and non-brittle state when packed in a cavity of a blister base closed by a lid film, wherein the hard gelatin capsule is a hard starch capsule manufactured from collagen and the hard gelatin capsule contains pharmaceuticals and wherein the dry state of the hard gelatin capsule means a relative humidity of less than 50% at room temperature and the non-brittle state means that the hard gelatin capsule does not break when pressed out of the cavity of the blister base through the lid film, wherein the method includes the following process steps (a) to (c):
     a) providing a lid film comprising an aluminium foil ( 15 ) and if applicable a sealing layer made of a polyethylene and/or a moisture regulating buffer layer, further providing a blister base having at least one cavity, the lid film and/or the blister base comprising a moisture regulating buffer layer with a predefined humidity, wherein the moisture-regulating buffer layer consist of a polymer or polymer mixture containing 1 to 60 wt % of an absorber material which is either a hygroscopic salt, a silica gel or a zeolite or a mixture of any of said absorber materials, wherein the moisture-regulating buffer layer ( 20 ), the lid film and/or the blister base comprising the buffer layer or a prelaminate for the lid film and/or the blister base comprising the buffer layer is exposed to a predefined moisture level, wherein the predefined moisture level of the buffer layer is such that it buffers the humidity in the space surrounding the hard gelatin capsule within the cavity closed by the lid film to lie in a range between 10 and 50% r.h.;   b) placing the hard gelatin capsule in a cavity of the blister base provided in step (a) and closing the cavity by laminating the lid film provided in step (a) to the blister base comprising the hard gelatin capsule;   c) Storing the gelatin capsule for at least a week in the cavity closed by the lid film.   

     Further preferred embodiments of the inventive method are described in the claims directly or indirectly depending on claim  1 . 
     In present text, the relative humidity sometimes is abbreviated by r.h. 
     The hard gelatin capsule may have any moisture content when introduced into the cavity of the blister base before closing the cavity by sealing the lid film onto the blister base. Preferably the moisture content of the hard gelatin capsule enclosing the pharmaceutical is in the range of between 5 to 90% r.h. 
     In order to get a moisture regulating buffer layer having a predefined humidity, the moisture-regulating buffer layer has to be moistened to that value, i.e. for the absorber material to have a buffering function at a predefined humidity level to be set, it must be moistened to this value. 
     The lid film consists preferably of a 10-30 μm thick hard aluminium foil and an inner layer, i.e. a layer directed to the blister base, made of polyethylene having a mass per unit area of 10-50 g/m 2  and as the case may be of a moisture-regulating buffer layer that is bonded to the aluminium foil using or not using an adhesion promotor or a sealing layer. 
     The absorber materials are suitable for adjusting a predefined relative humidity in the cavity of a blister base that is closed by a lid film. Therefore, the moisture-regulating buffer layer preferably is exposed to a predefined moisture level before or after lamination with one or more other layers of the lid film and/or the blister base. The humidity of the moisture-regulating buffer layer comprising the absorber material can be preset by moistening the moisture-regulating buffer layer either before or after laminating it to other layers of the laminate of the lid film and/or the blister base. The moistening can be done by passing the laminate comprising the moisture-regulating buffer layer through a water bath, splashing the moisture-regulating buffer layer with water, or storing and/or processing the moisture-regulating buffer layer in an atmosphere having a predefined relative humidity. 
     Preferred hygroscopic salts having a high solubility in water are e.g. CaCl 2 .6H 2 O, Ca(NO 3 ) 2 .4H 2 O, Na 2 CO 3 .H 2 O, NaCl, NaNO 3 , Na 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 .10H 2 O, MgSO 4 .7H 2 O, Na 2 CO 3 .10H 2 O, KNO 3  or CH 3 COOK. 
     Especially preferred is CH 3 COOK (potassium acetate) as absorber material in the moisture-regulating buffer layer. Potassium acetate, also called KAc, has a very high solubility in water. 
     The moisture-regulating buffer layer as humidity absorber layer contains preferably 2 to 20% by weight of the absorber material. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the inventive method, the lid film and/or the blister base comprise/s an innermost sealing layer directed to the cavity, wherein the sealing layer is made of a polyethylene (PE), or another polyolefin, or modified polyolefins, or a cyclo-olefin copolymer (COC), or a ionomer. Particularly preferred as sealing layer is a mixture of a low density polyethylene (LDPE) and a high density polyethylene (HDPE). The innermost sealing layer is a layer that lies between the lidding film and the blister base, but is either part of the lid film or the blister base. 
     The lid film and/or the blister base consist/s preferably of a laminate comprising an aluminium foil as a moisture barrier. 
     In a preferred method, a lid film is used that comprises a moisture-regulating buffer layer between an aluminium foil and a sealing layer, wherein the moisture-regulating buffer layer is optionally bonded to the aluminium foil by means of an adhesion promoter layer. 
     In a further preferred method, the blister base comprises an aluminium foil and on its inner side directed towards the cavity a moisture-regulating buffer layer, wherein the moisture-regulating buffer layer is optionally bonded to the aluminium foil by means of an adhesion promoter layer. 
     The optional adhesion promoter layer lying between the aluminium foil and the moisture-regulating buffer layer consists preferably of an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer (EAA), or an ethylene-methacrylate copolymer (EMA), or a polypropylene (MAH-PP) grafted with maleic anhydride, or a polyurethane (PU) adhesive or an adhesive layer produced with solvent-containing or solvent-free adhesives. 
     The moisture-regulating buffer layer of the blister base and/or the lid film is preferably made of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer (EAA), ethylene-methacrylate copolymer (EMA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or mixtures of any of the aforementioned polymers, wherein the polymer or polymer mixture contains 1 to 60% by weight of the absorber material. 
     The blister base may comprise on the outer side of the aluminium foil a film made of oriented polyamide (OPA) as outermost base layer of the blister package. An adhesion layer may be arranged between said OPA-layer and the aluminium foil. 
     A blister base having from the inside directed to the cavity to the outside the layer sequence containing a sealing layer, a moisture-regulating buffer layer, an adhesion promotor layer, an aluminium foil, an adhesive layer and a OPA-layer may be produced by first producing a prelaminate comprising the OPA-film and the aluminium foil using an intermediate adhesive layer. Subsequently, the adhesion promoter layer, the moisture-regulating buffer layer with the absorber material, preferably potassium acetate particles, and the sealing layer may be coextruded onto the aluminium side of the prelaminate. 
     Tests: 
     Three types of capsules are packaged in a blister package (blister type 1) having a blister base part consisting of a barrier layer made of a 45 μm thick aluminium foil, whose outer surface is covered with a 25 μm thick layer of OPA, wherein the inner surface of the aluminium foil, i.e. the surface directed to the cavity, is covered with an absorber layer made of PE comprising 50 g/m 2  CaO. 
     Said blister package dries the cavity and the hard gelatin capsule down to &lt;10% r.h. The lid film used for closing the cavities of this blister base part is made of a 20 μm thick hard aluminium foil and an inner layer of PE having a mass per unit area of 15 g/m 2 . 
     Three types of capsules are packaged in a blister package (blister type 2) having a blister base part consisting of a barrier layer made of a 45 μm thick aluminium foil, whose outer surface is covered with a 25 μm thick layer of OPA and its inner surface is covered with a 60 μm thick layer of PVC. Blister 2 does not comprise any humidity absorber component. The lid film used for closing the cavities of this blister base part is made of a 20 μm thick hard aluminium foil and an inner heat sealing layer having a mass per unit area of 7 g/m 2 . 
     A further blister package (blister type 3) has a blister base part consisting of a barrier layer made of a 60 μm thick aluminium foil, whose outer surface is covered with a 25 μm thick layer of OPA, wherein the inner layer directed against the cavity is covered by a 40 μm thick layer made of HDPE. Said layers have a different functionality: the OPA layer improves the formability of the cavity, Al is the barrier against diffusion of humidity and HDPE improves the stiffness of the blister base. Blister 3 does not comprise any humidity absorber component. The lid film used for closing the cavities of this blister base part is made of a 20 μm thick hard aluminium foil and an inner heat sealing layer having a mass per unit area of 7 g/m 2 . 
     Hard gelatin capsules have also been packaged in a blister package (blister type 4) having a blister base part consisting of a barrier layer made of a 70 μm thick aluminium foil, whose outer surface is covered with a 25 μm thick layer of OPA, wherein the inner surface of the aluminium foil, i.e. the surface directed to the cavity, is covered with a moisture-regulating buffer layer made of PE comprising 50 g/m 2  KAc. 
     A further embodiment of a blister package (blister type 5) containing KAc as absorber agent has been used containing a barrier layer made of a 45 μm thick aluminium foil, whose outer surface is covered with a 25 μm thick layer of OPA, wherein the inner surface of the aluminium foil, is covered with a 23 μm thick layer of PET and a subsequent innermost moisture-regulating buffer layer made of PE comprising 50 g/m 2  KAc. 
     A further embodiment of a blister package (blister type 6) containing KAc as absorber agent has been used containing a barrier layer made of a 45 μm thick aluminium foil, whose outer surface is covered with a 25 μm thick layer of OPA and an outermost layer of 60 μm thick PVC, wherein the inner surface of the aluminium foil is covered with a moisture-regulating buffer layer made of PE comprising 50 g/m 2  KAc. 
     The lid film used for closing the cavities of this blister base parts (blister type 4 to 6) is made of a 20 μm thick hard aluminium foil and an inner layer of PE having a mass per unit area of 15 g/m 2 . 
     Said blister packages containing KAc as absorber agent dry the cavities and the hard gelatin capsules down to approximately 22% r.h. 
     The tested capsules are as follows:
         Capsule S: Yellow softgel capsules containing fishoil having a size 00;   Capsule H: White/blue hard gelatin capsules having a size 00, which are empty;   Capsule V: White HPMC capsules having a size 00, which are empty.       

     Softgel capsules (capsule S) are single-piece gelatin capsules and are primarily used for oils and for active ingredients that are dissolved or suspended in oil. Softgel capsules are composed of gelatin manufactured from the collagen of animal skin or bone. Softgel capsules are often used as a delivery system for oral drugs, especially poorly soluble drugs. This is because the fill can contain liquid ingredients that help increase solubility or permeability of the drug across the membranes in the body. Liquid ingredients are difficult to include in any other solid dosage form such as a tablet. 
     The hard gelatin capsules (capsule H) are two-piece telescoping, hard starch capsules and are manufactured from collagen of animal skin or bone. The powder or spheroids inside of the capsule contains the active ingredient(s) and any excipients. Hard gelatin capsules are hard-shelled capsules which are made in two halves: e.g. a smaller-diameter “body” that is filled and then sealed using a larger-diameter “cap”. Hard gelatin capsules usually contain dry, powdered ingredients or miniature pellets. The typical moisture content of hard gelatin capsules is 13-16% r.h. of the shell, at temperature of 15-25° C. and a maximum of 70% r.h. The hard gelatin capsules have a size 00, have a volume of 0.7 ml, a length of 21.3 mm and an external diameter of 7.3 mm. 
     Two-piece capsules have been used for almost a century in the pharmaceutical field, and gelatin has been adopted as the main material of these capsules due to its excellent characteristic as a gelatinizer. The gelatin dissolves under high concentration into water of a high temperature and quickly gels at room temperature. The thickness of the film made by the gelatin becomes uniform. However, gelatin is one of the proteins derived from animals. Several materials have been examined as a substitute for the gelatin in two-piece hard capsules. Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) has become a alternative material for two-piece capsules. 
     The HPMC capsules (capsule V) are vegetable capsules and are composed of HPMC (Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose). HPMC capsules have a low moisture content level (5-6% at 50% R.H), and will not retain elevated moisture levels after exposure to highly humid conditions. The HPMC capsules have a size 00, have a volume of 0.9 ml, a length of 23.3 mm and an external diameter of 8.2 mm. 
     The capsules used for the following tests were empty and came from the supplier Kapselwelt and had the following specifications: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Hard gelatin capsules 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Size 
                  00 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Dimension 
                 21.3 × 7.3 
                 mm 
               
               
                   
                 Volume 
                 0.7 
                 ml 
               
               
                   
                 Filling quantity 
                 350-700 
                 mg 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Expires 
                 August 2018 
               
               
                   
                 Certificate number 
                 Ca-C13000293240 
               
               
                   
                 Order number 
                 1231 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 HPMC 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Size 
                  00 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Dimension 
                 23.3 × 8.2 
                 mm 
               
               
                   
                 Volume 
                 0.9 
                 ml 
               
               
                   
                 Filling quantity 
                 480-950 
                 mg 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Expires 
                 August 2020 
               
               
                   
                 Certificate number 
                 EK-X409038 
               
               
                   
                 Order number 
                 2051 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     A test method was developed to demonstrate that some hard gelatin capsules are eventually breaking under dry conditions. It is supposed to show the risks in the push through application, when gelatin capsules, primarily packaged in a blister package (blister type 1) having a blister base part comprising an absorber layer made of PE with 50 g/m 2  CaO, a laminate which reduces the relative humidity below 10% r.h., get brittle so that they might break when pushing them through. The test objective is to find out the most suitable method that shows the highest fractured capsules percentage when packaged in said blister base part comprising the absorber layer made of PE with 50 g/m 2  CaO. The experiment was done by a tensile testing machine manufactured by Hegewald &amp; Peschke. 
     Six blisters of different categories were stored in a climatic chamber at the condition 40° C./90% r.h. (temperature/relative humidity) for 1 week. The blisters were introduced to a tensile testing machine to find out the optimal test parameters regarding speed and position that result in the highest hard gelatin capsule fracture percentage. 
     Two push positions (middle or edge) are used by changing the blister position in the push through testing device manually. 
     Six blisters with six cavities are filled with empty capsules for some blister/capsule combinations. The tests are done at a relative humidity between 30 and 50% r.h. at a room temperature of 23° C. 
     The following results show that 0% breaking of HPMC capsules (capsule V) happens when packaged in both packaging materials, namely in blister type 1 and blister type 3. Moreover, the results show that 33% of hard gelatin capsules H are fractured when packaged in blister type 1 using highest speed 800 mm/min and middle position. At the same setting, no fracture of hard gelatin capsules happens when packaged in blister type 3 not having any humidity absorber material. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1.1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Blister type 1 with capsules V 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Speed 
                 Fractured 
                 Fractured 
               
               
                 Blister 
                 Position 
                 mm/min 
                 —/6 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 2 
                 Middle 
                 450 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 3 
                 Middle 
                 50 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 4 
                 Edge 
                 800 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 5 
                 Edge 
                 450 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 6 
                 Edge 
                 50 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1.2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Blister type 1 with capsules H 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Speed 
                 Fractured 
                 Fractured 
               
               
                 Blister 
                 Position 
                 mm/min 
                 —/6 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Middle 
                 800 
                 2 
                 33 
               
               
                 2 
                 Middle 
                 450 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 3 
                 Middle 
                 50 
                 1 
                 17 
               
               
                 4 
                 Edge 
                 800 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 5 
                 Edge 
                 450 
                 1 
                 17 
               
               
                 6 
                 Edge 
                 50 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1.3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Blister type 3 with capsules V 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Speed 
                 Fractured 
                 Fractured 
               
               
                 Blister 
                 Position 
                 mm/min 
                 —/6 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 2 
                 Middle 
                 450 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 3 
                 Middle 
                 50 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 4 
                 Edge 
                 800 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 5 
                 Edge 
                 450 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 6 
                 Edge 
                 50 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1.4 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Blister type 3 with capsules H 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Speed 
                 Fractured 
                 Fractured 
               
               
                 Blister 
                 Position 
                 mm/min 
                 —/6 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 2 
                 Middle 
                 450 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 3 
                 Middle 
                 50 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 4 
                 Edge 
                 800 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 5 
                 Edge 
                 450 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 6 
                 Edge 
                 50 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The above tables show that the highest fractured capsules H percentage results at a speed of 800 mm/min and at a middle position. 
     These optimal test parameters of a push speed of 800 mm/min and at a middle push position are used for further tests at different storage times, under the same storage conditions at 40° C. and 90% r.h. One objective is to find out if storage time affects the test results regarding the capsule breaking behaviour. The other is to find out statistically significant differences in the fracture behaviours of the capsules in the different packaging materials in blister type 1 comprising CaO as humidity absorber material and blister type 3 not containing any humidity absorber material. Ten blisters are tested by a tensile testing machine with the optimal test parameters for each aforementioned blister/capsule combination. 
     Test results after one week storage at 40° C. and 90% r.h.: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2.1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Blister type 1 with capsules H 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Speed 
                 Fractured 
                   
               
               
                 Blister 
                 Position 
                 mm/min 
                 —/6 * 
                 Description * 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Brittle 
               
               
                 2 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 1 
                 Fractured 
               
               
                 3 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 1 
                 Fractured 
               
               
                 4 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 1 
                 Fractured 
               
               
                 5 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 3 
                 Fractured 
               
               
                 6 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 1 
                 Fractured 
               
               
                 7 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Brittle 
               
               
                 8 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 3 
                 Fractured 
               
               
                 9 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 2 
                 Fractured 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fractured 
                 22% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 capsules (%): 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Brittle means that the capsule is not fractured in the push through test, however, the capsules might break (corresponding to the term fractured used). Fractured means that the capsule is broken. 
     Finding: When a hard gelatin capsule didn&#39;t break when it was packaged in blister type 1, then it was brittle. This means, that it would break easily by squeezing it manually immediately after the push through test (within less than 5 min). 
     Table 2.1 shows that hard gelatin capsules, that usually have a moisture content between 13-16% r.h. before packaging and which are expected to break or at least to get brittle when packaged in blister type 1, the capsule fractured percentage is 22% in 9 blisters tested. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2.2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Blister type 1 with capsules V 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Speed 
                 Fractured 
                   
               
               
                 Blister 
                 Position 
                 mm/min 
                 —/6 
                 Description* 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 2 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 3 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 4 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 5 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 6 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 7 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 8 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 9 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fractured 
                 0% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 capsules (%): 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Bent means that the majority of capsules of blister type 1 was bent (e.g. 4/6). 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2.3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Blister type 3 with capsules V 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Speed 
                 Fractured 
                   
               
               
                 Blister 
                 Position 
                 mm/min 
                 —/6 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 2 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 3 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 4 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 5 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 6 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 7 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 8 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 9 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fractured 
                 0% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 capsules (%): 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2.4 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Blister type 3 with capsules H 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Speed 
                 Fractured 
                   
               
               
                 Blister 
                 Position 
                 mm/min 
                 —/6 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 2 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 3 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 4 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 5 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 6 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 7 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 8 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 9 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fractured 
                 0% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 capsules (%): 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2.5 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Blister type 6 with capsules H 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Speed 
                 Fractured 
                   
               
               
                 Blister 
                 Position 
                 mm/min 
                 —/6 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 2 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 3 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 4 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 5 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 6 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 1 
                 — 
               
               
                 7 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 1 
                 — 
               
               
                 8 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 9 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 1 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fractured 
                 5% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 capsules (%): 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2.6 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Blister type 6 with capsules H when additionally 
               
               
                 stored at room temperature for one week 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Speed 
                 Fractured 
                   
               
               
                 Blister 
                 Position 
                 mm/min 
                 —/6 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 2 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 3 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 4 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 5 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 6 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 7 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 8 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 9 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 1 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fractured 
                 2% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 capsules (%): 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2.7 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Blister type 6 with capsules V 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Speed 
                 Fractured 
                   
               
               
                 Blister 
                 Position 
                 mm/min 
                 —/6 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 2 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 3 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 4 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 5 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 6 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 7 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 8 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 9 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fractured 
                 0% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 capsules (%): 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Test results after four weeks storage at 40° C. and 90% r.h.: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3.1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Blister type 1 with capsules V 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Speed 
                 Fractured 
                   
               
               
                 Blister 
                 Position 
                 mm/min 
                 —/6 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 2 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 3 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 4 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 5 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 6 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 7 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 8 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 9 
                 Middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 10 
                 Middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fractured 
                 0% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 capsules (%): 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3.2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Blister type 1 with capsules H 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Speed 
                 Fractured 
                   
               
               
                 Blister 
                 Position 
                 mm/min 
                 —/6 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Brittle 
               
               
                 2 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 1 
                 Fractured 
               
               
                 3 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Brittle 
               
               
                 4 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 1 
                 Fractured 
               
               
                 5 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 1 
                 Fractured 
               
               
                 6 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 1 
                 Fractured 
               
               
                 7 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 2 
                 Fractured 
               
               
                 8 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 2 
                 Fractured 
               
               
                 9 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Brittle 
               
               
                 10 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 2 
                 Fractured 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fractured 
                 17% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 capsules (%): 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As is shown in table 3.2, 17% of hard gelatin capsules (capsules H) packaged in blister 1 having CaO as absorber material are fractured after four weeks storage time. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3.3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Blister type 3 with capsules V 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Speed 
                 Fractured 
                   
               
               
                 Blister 
                 Position 
                 mm/min 
                 —/6 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 2 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 3 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 4 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 5 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 6 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 7 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 8 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 9 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 10 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fractured 
                 0% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 capsules (%): 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3.4 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Blister type 3 with capsules H 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Speed 
                 Fractured 
                   
               
               
                 Blister 
                 Position 
                 mm/min 
                 —/6 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 2 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 3 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 4 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 5 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 6 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 7 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 8 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                 9 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 Bent 
               
               
                 10 
                 middle 
                 800 
                 0 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fractured 
                 0% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 capsules (%): 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The tables with the different storage times reveal that there is no change in the results with storage time of one and four weeks, respectively. 
     The difference between the fracture behavior of hard gelatin capsules H packed in blister type 1 having a CaO absorber and in blister type 3 not comprising any desiccant is significant. Therefore, hard gelatin capsules (capsule H) break in blister type 1 having a CaO absorber but not in blister type 3 not comprising any desiccant. This may be due to the low relative humidity of hard gelatin capsules H packaged in blister type 1. 
     There is no difference between capsules V (vegetable capsules) packed in blister type 1 comprising a CaO absorber or in blister type 3 not comprising any desiccant. Both results in 0% fractured capsules V, i.e. they don&#39;t break when pushed through the lid when packed in blister type 1 which reduces the relative humidity to less than 10% r.h, or when packed in blister type 3 when packed under packaging condition of 30-50% r.h. 
     Further push through tests show the following results: The blisters have been stored in a climatic chamber at 40° C. and 90% r.h. for one or four weeks respectively before the push tests are performed. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Fraction of 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Number of 
                 broken/total 
               
               
                   
                 Storage 
                 broken 
                 number of 
               
               
                   
                 time 
                 capsules/12 
                 capsules 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Blister type 1 
                 Capsule H 
                 1 
                 4 
                 0.33 
               
               
                 Blister type 1 
                 Capsule S 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Blister type 4 
                 Capsule H 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Blister type 4 
                 Capsule S 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Blister type 2 
                 Capsule H 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Blister type 2 
                 Capsule S 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Blister type 5 
                 Capsule H 
                 1 
                 1 
                 0.08 
               
               
                 Blister type 5 
                 Capsule S 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Blister type 1 
                 Capsule H 
                 4 
                 2 
                 0.17 
               
               
                 Blister type 1 
                 Capsule S 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Blister type 4 
                 Capsule H 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Blister type 4 
                 Capsule S 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Blister type 2 
                 Capsule H 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Blister type 2 
                 Capsule S 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Blister type 4 
                 Capsule H 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Blister type 4 
                 Capsule S 
                 4 
                 0 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Above results show that the problem of fractured capsules pertains only to hard gelatin capsules that are in a too dry state, i.e. &lt;10% r.h. Consequently, the use of a moisture-regulating buffer layer comprising KAc or any of the absorber materials of the group consisting of hygroscopic salts, silica gel or zeolite, or any mixtures thereof as absorber material and allowing to adjust the humidity in the space within the cavity surrounding the hard gelatin capsule to lie in a predefined range between 10 and 50% r.h. is superior to a blister pack having CaO as absorber or desiccant material. The results of a blister pack having a moisture-regulating buffer layer comprising KAc or any of the absorber materials of the group consisting of hygroscopic salts, silica gel or zeolite, or any mixtures thereof as humidity absorber/desiccant material is similar to a conventional blister type 3 pack not comprising any humidity absorber/desiccant material, but the latter blister pack does not allow to adjust and control the humidity of the hard gelatin capsules, so that the humidity in the cavity of the blister depends on the moisture content of the hard gelatin capsule when packed and the humidity conditions of the atmosphere when packaging the capsules. The terms humidity absorber material and desiccant material have the same meaning. 
    
    
     
       The invention will now be described by way of examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  shows schematically a structure of a lid film suitable for the inventive method; 
         FIG. 2  shows schematically a structure of a blister base suitable for the inventive method; 
         FIG. 3  shows the geometry of the blisters used for the pushing tests; 
         FIG. 4  shows a push through tool layout; 
         FIG. 5  shows a broken hard gelatin capsule; 
         FIG. 6  shows a bent hard gelatin capsule. 
     
    
    
       FIG. 1  shows schematically a cross-section of a lid film  35  used for the inventive method. The lid film  35  comprises an outer foil  15  made of aluminium and an inner layer  30  made of polyethylene arranged on the side of the aluminium foil directed to the blister base  40 , when the lid film  35  is sealed onto the blister base  40 . The inner layer  30  of the lid film  35  serves as sealing layer. 
       FIG. 2  shows schematically a cross-section of a blister base  40  of a blister package suitable for conditioning a hard gelatin capsule filled with pharmaceuticals in order to keep the hard gelatin capsule in a dry and non-brittle state. The blister base  40  has cavities (not shown) spaced apart from one other, wherein each cavity houses a single hard gelatin capsule (not shown). The blister base  40  comprises an outer aluminium foil  10  and an inner moisture-regulating absorber layer  20  on the side of the aluminium foil  10  directed to the cavities. The moisture-regulating absorber layer  20  shown in  FIG. 2  is bonded to the aluminium foil using a bonding or adhesion promoter layer  18 . The bonding or adhesion promoter layer  18  is optional. The moisture-regulating absorber layer  20  contains a polymer or polymer mixture and 1 to 60 wt. % potassium acetate. 
       FIG. 3  shows the geometry of a blister base  40  used for the pushing tests. The blister base foil is cut into a 190×120 mm 2  sheet. The blister base foil  40  is inserted to the forming station, where at a forming speed of 40 cycles/min  6  cavities  45  are formed per blister. After forming the cavities  45 , the blister base  40  is filled with capsules and the lid  35  is sealed at a temperature of 200° C. at a speed of 40 cycles/min. The final dimension of the lid  35  and the blister base  40  is 114×175 mm 2 . The shape of the cavities  45  is oval in a topview and the cavities  45  have a length of 40 mm and a width of 23 mm. The distance between two adjacent cavities  45  is 7 mm in the longitudinal side and broadside. 
       FIG. 4  shows the push through tool layout  60  and how the push through test is done: the upper part  62  of the tool  60  is moved downwards by a tensile tester machine spindle with a certain speed that varies between 1-800 mm/min. The bottom  63  of said upper part  62  compresses at a certain point the cavity  45  while the lid film  35  surrounding the capsule  50  is supported by the lower part  65  of the tool  60 , and the capsule  50  in the cavity  45  is pushed out of the cavity  45  through the lid film  35  when the lid film  35  breaks. 
       FIG. 5  shows a broken hard gelatin capsule  50  after a push through test. The hard gelatin capsule  50  is of the type H and the blister where said capsule H was packed was a blister type 1. 
       FIG. 6  shows a bent hard gelatin capsule  50  of the type H after a pushing through test. The blister where said capsule H was packed was a blister type 3.