Patent Publication Number: US-11050968-B2

Title: Method for driving display including curved display area, display driving circuit supporting the same, and electronic device including the same

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/546,480, filed Aug. 21, 2019, which is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/689,200, filed Aug. 29, 2017 (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,397,513), which claim priority to KR 10-2016-0110320, filed Aug. 29, 2016, the entire contents of which are all hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates generally to driving a display including a curved display area. 
     BACKGROUND 
     A conventional electronic device may include a display and may provide a user with various screens visually through the display. The display includes a display panel and a display driver integrated circuit for driving the display panel. The display driver integrated circuit mounted on the electronic device may be supplied with display data from a processor and may drive the display panel based on the display data. 
     In conventional electronic devices, at least a partial area of a display area of a display may include a curved display area, such as a circular shape, an oval shape, or the like, in addition to a rectangular shape. Since elements (e.g., pixels) of the display are provided in a matrix form, content displayed through the curved display area may be relatively unnatural compared with an area adjacent to the curved display area. 
     SUMMARY 
     Example aspects of the present disclosure address at least the above-mentioned problems and/or disadvantages and provide at least the advantages described below. Accordingly, an example aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a curved display driving method capable of expressing a curved display area more naturally, a display driver integrated circuit supporting the same, and an electronic device including the same. 
     In accordance with an example aspect of the present disclosure, an electronic device is provided. The electronic device may include a display, a processor operatively connected to the display and configured to generate display data to be output on the display, a display driver integrated circuit configured to output, on the display, the display data received from the processor, wherein the display driver integrated circuit is configured to apply a color transformation value of the same or different magnitude as the display data based on a distance from a specified point of the display to a location where the display data are to be displayed. 
     In accordance with another example aspect of the present disclosure, a method for driving a display is provided. The method may include obtaining a value of a location of a display area at which display data are to be output, determining a distance between the location value and a specified point of the display, determining a color transformation value to be applied to the display data based on the determined distance, applying the determined color transformation value to the display data and outputting the display data, to which the color transformation value is applied, on the display. 
     In accordance with another example aspect of the present disclosure, a display driver integrated circuit is provided. The display driver integrated circuit may include a receiver interface comprising circuitry configured to receive display data from a processor, a memory configured to store the display data, a mask processing unit comprising processing circuitry configured to obtain information of a location of a display area at which the display data stored in the memory are to be output, to determine a color transformation value to be applied to the display data based on a distance between a specified point and the location, and to output the display data to which the color transformation value is applied, and a display timing controller configured to output the display data on a display. 
     Other aspects, advantages, and salient features of the disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which, taken in conjunction with the annexed drawings, discloses various embodiments of the present disclosure. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other aspects, features, and attendant advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent and readily appreciated from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like elements, and wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating an example of an electronic device including a curved display area according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  is a diagram illustrating a periphery of the curved display area according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 3A  is a flowchart illustrating an example of a curved display driving method according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 3B  is a flowchart illustrating another example of the curved display driving method according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 4A  is a block diagram illustrating an example of a portion of a configuration of an example electronic device associated with driving a display, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 4B  is a block diagram illustrating another example of a portion of a configuration of the example electronic device according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram illustrating example driving of a display driver integrated circuit according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 6  is a diagram illustrating an example of calculation of a central point according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 7  is a diagram illustrating another example of an electronic device to which a display driving method is applied, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 8  is a block diagram illustrating an example configuration of an electronic device in a network environment according to an example embodiment; 
         FIG. 9  is a block diagram illustrating an example configuration of an electronic device according to various example embodiments; and 
         FIG. 10  is a block diagram illustrating an example configuration of a program module according to various example embodiments. 
     
    
    
     Throughout the drawings, it should be noted that like reference numbers are used to depict the same or similar elements, features, and structures. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Various example embodiments of the present disclosure may be described with reference to accompanying drawings. Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that modifications, equivalents, and/or alternatives of the various example embodiments described herein can be variously made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. With regard to description of drawings, similar elements may be marked by similar reference numerals. 
     In the disclosure disclosed herein, the expressions “have”, “may have”, “include” and “comprise”, or “may include” and “may comprise” used herein indicate existence of corresponding features (e.g., elements such as numeric values, functions, operations, or components) but do not exclude presence of additional features. 
     In the disclosure disclosed herein, the expressions “A or B”, “at least one of A or/and B”, or “one or more of A or/and B”, and the like used herein may include any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. For example, the term “A or B”, “at least one of A and B”, or “at least one of A or B” may refer to all of the case (1) where at least one A is included, the case (2) where at least one B is included, or the case (3) where both of at least one A and at least one B are included. 
     The terms, such as “first”, “second”, and the like used herein may refer to various elements of various embodiments, but do not limit the elements. Furthermore, such terms may be used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, “a first user device” and “a second user device” may indicate different user devices regardless of the order or priority thereof. For example, “a first user device” and “a second user device” indicate different user devices. 
     It will be understood that when an element (e.g., a first element) is referred to as being “(operatively or communicatively) coupled with/to” or “connected to” another element (e.g., a second element), it may be directly coupled with/to or connected to the other element or an intervening element (e.g., a third element) may be present. On the other hand, when an element (e.g., a first element) is referred to as being “directly coupled with/to” or “directly connected to” another element (e.g., a second element), it should be understood that there are no intervening element (e.g., a third element). 
     According to the situation, the expression “configured to” used herein may be used interchangeably with, for example, the expression “suitable for”, “having the capacity to”, “designed to”, “adapted to”, “made to”, or “capable of”. The term “configured to” does not refer only to “specifically designed to” in hardware. Instead, the expression “a device configured to” may refer to a situation in which the device is “capable of” operating together with another device or other components. For example, a “processor configured to perform A, B, and C” may refer, for example, and without limitation, to a dedicated processor (e.g., an embedded processor) for performing a corresponding operation or a generic-purpose processor (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU) or an application processor) which may perform corresponding operations by executing one or more software programs which are stored in a memory device. 
     Terms used in the present disclosure are used to describe specified embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. The terms of a singular form may include plural forms unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise defined herein, all the terms used herein, which include technical or scientific terms, may have the same meaning that is generally understood by a person skilled in the art. It will be further understood that terms, which are defined in a dictionary and commonly used, should also be interpreted as is customary in the relevant related art and not in an idealized or overly formal detect unless expressly so defined herein in various embodiments of the present disclosure. In some cases, even if terms are terms which are defined in the specification, they may not be interpreted to exclude embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     An electronic device according to various example embodiments of the present disclosure may include at least one of smartphones, tablet personal computers (PCs), mobile phones, video telephones, e-book readers, desktop PCs, laptop PCs, netbook computers, workstations, servers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable multimedia players (PMPs), Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG-1 or MPEG-2) Audio Layer 3 (MP3) players, mobile medical devices, cameras, wearable devices (e.g., head-mounted-devices (HMDs), such as electronic glasses), an electronic apparel, electronic bracelets, electronic necklaces, electronic appcessories, electronic tattoos, smart watches, or the like but is not limited thereto. 
     According to another example embodiment, the electronic devices may be home appliances. The home appliances may include at least one of, for example, televisions (TVs), digital versatile disc (DVD) players, audios, refrigerators, air conditioners, cleaners, ovens, microwave ovens, washing machines, air cleaners, set-top boxes, home automation control panels, security control panels, TV boxes (e.g., Samsung HomeSync™, Apple TV™, or Google TV™), game consoles (e.g., Xbox™ or PlayStation™), electronic dictionaries, electronic keys, camcorders, electronic picture frames, or the like, but are not limited thereto. 
     According to another example embodiment, the electronic device may include at least one of medical devices (e.g., various portable medical measurement devices (e.g., a blood glucose monitoring device, a heartbeat measuring device, a blood pressure measuring device, a body temperature measuring device, and the like)), a magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a computed tomography (CT), scanners, and ultrasonic devices), navigation devices, global positioning system (GPS) receivers, event data recorders (EDRs), flight data recorders (FDRs), vehicle infotainment devices, electronic equipment for vessels (e.g., navigation systems and gyrocompasses), avionics, security devices, head units for vehicles, industrial or home robots, automatic teller&#39;s machines (ATMs), points of sales (POSs), or internet of things (e.g., light bulbs, various sensors, electric or gas meters, sprinkler devices, fire alarms, thermostats, street lamps, toasters, exercise equipment, hot water tanks, heaters, boilers, and the like), or the like but is not limited thereto. 
     According to another example embodiment, the electronic devices may include at least one of parts of furniture or buildings/structures, electronic boards, electronic signature receiving devices, projectors, or various measuring instruments (e.g., water meters, electricity meters, gas meters, or wave meters, and the like), or the like, but are not limited thereto. In the various embodiments, the electronic device may be one of the above-described various devices or a combination thereof. An electronic device according to an embodiment may be a flexible device. Furthermore, an electronic device according to an embodiment may not be limited to the above-described electronic devices and may include other electronic devices and new electronic devices according to the development of technologies. 
     Hereinafter, an electronic device according to the various example embodiments may be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The term “user” used herein may refer to a person who uses an electronic device or may refer to a device (e.g., an artificial intelligence electronic device) that uses an electronic device. 
       FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating an example of an electronic device including a curved display area according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, and  FIG. 2  is a diagram illustrating a periphery of the curved display area according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , an electronic device  100  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a display  160  and may output display data depending on operating a specified function. In addition, the electronic device  100  may further include a processor that performs signal processing associated with driving the display  160  and a display driver integrated circuit that drives the display  160 . The display driver integrated circuit of the electronic device  100  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may perform signal processing associated with outputting display data in a curved area  163 , a blank area  161 , and a boundary area  162  of the display  160 . According to an embodiment, the display driver integrated circuit may calculate (determine) a color transformation value in the boundary area  162  in real time to allow a color display state in the boundary area  162  to become smoother and more natural while display data is being output. 
     The display  160  may include, for example, a curved display area. According to an embodiment, the display  160  may be manufactured to have almost a circular shape. Alternatively, as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the display  160  may be manufactured in a rectangular shape, and at least part of the display area may form a curve. In this regard, the display  160  may include the blank area  161 , the curved area  163 , and the boundary area  162 . 
     The curved area  163  may include an area in which there is displayed a screen associated with operating a function of the electronic device  100 . The blank area  161  may include the remaining area of the entire area of the display  160  other than the curved area  163  and the boundary area  162 . In the case where the display  160  is disposed under, for example, a housing of a circular shape, as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the curved area  163  may be exposed through an opening area of the housing, and the blank area  161  may be covered by the housing. Since the blank area  161  is covered by the housing, the blank area  161  may have a screen state corresponding to a specified state (e.g., a turn-off state or a black screen) without displaying information. 
     According to an example embodiment, the curved area  163  may include an area to which a specified first color transformation value (e.g., a maximum value of alpha blending) may be applied. In the case where the maximum value of the alpha blending is applied to the area, a color to be displayed in the area may be displayed without transformation. For example, the blank area  161  may include an area to which a specified second color transformation value (e.g., a minimum value of alpha blending) may be applied. As the minimum value of the alpha blending is applied to the area, a screen (e.g., a black screen) of a specified color may be displayed in the blank area  161  regardless of a color of display data to be displayed. Alternatively, the maximum value of the alpha blending may be applied to the blank area  161  such that an original image (e.g., a black screen) of display data is displayed. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , the boundary area  162  may be disposed on a boundary between the blank area  161  and the curved area  163 . As pixels are arranged in a matrix form, as in state  201 , a color may be displayed in a shape, such as stairs, in the boundary area  162  of a curved shape. 
     Referring to state  203 , according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, the boundary area  162  may be disposed between the curved area  163  and the blank area  161  with a specific width. A color transformation value (e.g., an alpha blending value) of the boundary area  162  may gradually vary toward the blank area  161  from the curved area  163 . For example, a color transformation value of the boundary area  162  close (or adjacent) to the curved area  163  may have a relatively small value (or a value that is determined such that an original color (color of original data) is displayed), and a color transformation value of the boundary area  162  close (or adjacent) to the blank area  161  may have a relatively large value (or a value that is distorted such that a specified color is displayed). With the above description, since a color variation of the boundary area  162  is differently made (e.g., gradually larger) toward the blank area  161  from the curved area  163 , the boundary area  162  may be perceived in a smoother and more natural curve shape. 
       FIG. 3A  is a flowchart illustrating an example of a curved display driving method according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3A , with regard to the curved display driving method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in operation  301 , the display driver integrated circuit of the electronic device  100  may receive display data. For example, the display driver integrated circuit may receive display data to be output on the display  160  from a processor (e.g., an application processor). If receiving the display data, the display driver integrated circuit may store the received display data in a memory, may perform image processing on the display data stored in the memory, and may supply the processed display data to the display  160 . 
     In operation  303 , the display driver integrated circuit may verify a location of the display data. For example, the display driver integrated circuit may verify a location of the display  160 , at which the display data are output. A value of the location of the display data may be determined in advance by an order of display data to be supplied to a source driver of the display  160 . In operation  305 , the display driver integrated circuit may calculate (determine) a color transformation value corresponding to the location of the display data based on the location of the display data and may apply the calculated (determined) color transformation value to the display data. The display driver integrated circuit may verify a location value of display data displayed on the display  160  with respect to all received display data and may calculate and apply a specified color transformation value for each verified location value. For example, in the case where a location of the display  160 , at which display data are to be displayed, is included in the curved area  163 , the display driver integrated circuit may apply the specified first color transformation value (e.g., an alpha blending value that does not cause color distortion, or reduces color distortion) to the display data and may transfer the display data, to which the specified first color transformation value is applied, to the display  160  (e.g., a source driver). In the case where a location of the display  160 , at which display data are to be displayed, is included in the blank area  161 , the display driver integrated circuit may calculate and apply the specified second color transformation value (e.g., an alpha blending value that is determined such that a black screen is displayed) to the display data. 
     With the above-described operations, the display driver integrated circuit of the electronic device  100  may express a display state in the boundary area  162  more smoothly and more naturally upon displaying a screen including the curved area  163 . 
       FIG. 3B  is a flowchart illustrating another example of a curved display driving method according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3B , with regard to the curved display driving method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, if the display driver integrated circuit of the electronic device  100  receives display data as in operation  301 , the display driver integrated circuit may verify a location of the display  160 , at which display data are to be output, in operation  311 . For example, the display driver integrated circuit may determine whether the verified location value is within a specified or predetermined range. A value of the location of the display  160 , at which the display data are to be displayed, may be determined by an order of the display data. 
     With regard to verifying the location of the display data, in operation  311 , the display driver integrated circuit of the electronic device  100  may verify whether the verified location value is within a specified range. In this regard, the display driver integrated circuit may store and manage information about the specified range. In the display driver integrated circuit, the information about the specified range may be changed based on a user input or may be changed based on the intention of a designer associated with manufacturing the electronic device  100 . For example, the size of the curved area  163 , the size of the blank area  161 , and the size of the boundary area  162  may be changed. In this case, the information about the specified range may be updated. 
     If the verified location value is within the specified range, in operation  313 , the display driver integrated circuit of the electronic device  100  may calculate (determine) a color transformation value corresponding to the location of the display data and may apply the calculated (determined) color transformation value to the display data. In this operation, if the verified location value of the display data is within the specified range, the display driver integrated circuit may apply a color transformation value that gradually increases based on a distance from a specified point (e.g., a central point) of the curved area  163 . In this regard, the display driver integrated circuit of the electronic device  100  may calculate (determine) a distance from the specific point (e.g., a central point) of the display  160  to a point corresponding to coordinates of the display data for each display data. The display driver integrated circuit may compare a value of the calculated (determined) distance and the specified range and may differently determine a color transformation value to be applied, depending on whether the distance value corresponds to any point of the specified range. 
     If the verified location value of the display data is out of the specified range, in operation  315 , the display driver integrated circuit of the electronic device  100  may apply a specified color transformation value to the display data. For example, the specified range may include a value that is more than a first distance and less than a second distance in a direction from the central point of the display to a periphery thereof. In the case where a distance from the central point of the display  160  to coordinates at which the display data are to be displayed is not more than the first distance, the display driver integrated circuit may apply the first color transformation value (e.g., a value that does not cause (or reduce) distortion of display data, e.g., a maximum alpha blending value) to the display data. In the case where the distance from the central point of the display  160  to the coordinates at which the display data are to be displayed is not less than the second distance, the display driver integrated circuit may apply the second color transformation value (e.g., a value that is determined such that a specified color is displayed: a minimum alpha blending value) to the display data. Alternatively, the display driver integrated circuit may apply the maximum alpha blending value to an area exceeding the second distance such that original display data (e.g., black data) are output without distortion. 
     With the above description, the display driver integrated circuit of the electronic device  100  may gradually vary a color from the curved area  163  to the blank area  161 , thereby making it possible to experience color variation more smoothly and more naturally. 
       FIG. 4A  is a block diagram illustrating an example of a portion of a configuration of the electronic device which is associated with driving a display, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 4A , a configuration associated with driving a display of the present disclosure may include a processor (e.g., including processing circuitry)  300  (e.g., an application processor, a communication processor, a sensor hub, or the like), a display driver integrated circuit (DDI)  400   a , and the display  160 . 
     The processor  300  may include various processing circuitry and generate display data according to various embodiments and may provide the generated display data to the display driver integrated circuit  400   a . For example, the processor  300  may encode or compress display data in a specified manner and may provide the encoded or compressed display data to the display driver integrated circuit  400   a . The processor  300  may enter a sleep state (a state where a display is turned off), for example, in response to a user manipulation or depending on scheduling set in advance. When the processor  300  is in the sleep state, the display driver integrated circuit  400   a  may output at least part of display data stored in a memory to the display  160  depending on a specified operation manner. 
     The above-described processor  300  may include various processing circuitry, such as, for example, and without limitation, a central processing unit (CPU)/graphics processing unit (GPU)  310 , a display controller  320 , a compression encoder  330 , and an internal transmit interface  340  (e.g., MIPI Tx). 
     The CPU/GPU  310  may process data to be output on the display  160  in response to scheduled information or a user input. The CPU/GPU  310  may transfer the processed data to the display controller  320 . 
     The display controller  320  may generate display data to be transferred to the display driver integrated circuit  400   a  based on data that the CPU/GPU  310  transfers. 
     The compression encoder  330  may encode display data generated in the display controller  320  in a specified manner (e.g., a display stream compression (DSC) manner defined in VESA). Accordingly, the display data generated in the display controller  320  may be compressed such that the amount of display data decreases. For example, the magnitude of display data generated in the display controller  320  may decrease to 1/n by the encoding of the compression encoder  330 . According to various embodiments, a configuration or an operation of the compression encoder  330  may be omitted. In other words, display data may be transferred to the display driver integrated circuit  400   a  without a compression process. 
     The internal transmit interface  340  may transfer the display data encoded by the compression encoder  330  to the display driver integrated circuit  400   a . The internal transmit interface  340  may include, for example, a mobile industry processor interface (MIPI). 
     The display driver integrated circuit  400   a  may calculate (determine) a color transformation value of display data and may output the display data on a display panel  200  after applying the color transformation value to the display data. For example, if receiving display data from the processor  300 , the display driver integrated circuit  400   a  may calculate (determine) a color transformation value to be applied to the display data based on a value of a location at which the display data are to be output and may output the display data on the display  160  after applying the calculated (determined) color transformation value to the display data. 
     The above-described display driver integrated circuit  400   a  may include various circuitry including, for example, and without limitation, an internal receive interface  410  (or receiver interface)(e.g., MIPI Rx), an interface controller  420 , a command controller  430 , a memory controller  440 , a memory  450  (e.g., a graphics RAM (GRAM)), a compression decoder  460 , an up-scaler  470 , an image pre-processing unit  480 , a mask processing unit  497 , and a display timing controller  490 . Although not illustrated in  FIG. 4A , according to various embodiments, the display driver integrated circuit  400   a  may further include an oscillator, a module to adjust the number of frames (or a frame frequency), a module to apply pixel power, or the like. 
     The internal receive interface  410  may communicate with the processor  300  to receive control information and display data from the processor  300 . The internal receive interface  410  may include, for example, and without limitation, an MIPI receiver circuit. If the internal receive interface  410  receives control information and display data through the MIPI transmit circuit of the processor  300 , the internal receive interface  410  may transfer the control information and the display data to the interface controller  420 . 
     The interface controller  420  may receive display data and/or control information from the processor  300 . The interface controller  420  may transfer the received display data to the memory controller  440 . The interface controller  420  may transfer the received control information to the command controller  430 . 
     The memory controller  440  may write the display data received from the interface controller  420  in the memory  450 . For example, the memory controller  440  may write display data from the processor  300  in the memory  450  depending on a frame rate of the display data. 
     The memory  450  may include a graphics RAM (GRAM). The memory  450  may store display data that the memory controller  440  transfers. The stored display data may include data that are compressed by the processor  300  or are not compressed. The memory  450  may include a memory space corresponding to a resolution and/or the number of color gradations of the display panel  200 . The memory  450  may include at least one of a frame buffer or a line buffer. The number of times that the memory  450  is updated or an update speed of the memory  450  may vary with a type of an image to be output on the display panel  200 . For example, when a video is played, the memory  450  may store display data corresponding to a frame of the video at a specified speed. In the case of a still image, the memory  450  may store a previous still image until an image is updated. The display data stored in the memory  450  may include a coordinate value of each display area of the display  160  or an order of display data may correspond to coordinates to be displayed on the display  160 . 
     The command controller  430  may control the display timing controller  490  such that display data stored in the memory  450  are output to a specified area of the display panel  200  after the corresponding color transformation value is applied to the display data. The command controller  430  may include various circuitry and be referred to as “control logic”. 
     In the case where at least part of display data read from the memory  450  is encoded, the compression decoder  460  may decode the at least part of the read display data in a specified manner and may transfer the decoded data to the display timing controller  490 . For example, if the magnitude of display data is compressed to 1/n by the compression encoder  330  of the processor  300 , the compression decoder  460  may decompress the at least partial display data to display data before compression. 
     The up-scaler  470  and/or the image pre-processing unit  480  may be disposed between the compression decoder  460  and the display timing controller  490 . According to various embodiments, in the case where at least partial display data selected by the command controller  430  is not encoded, a configuration of the compression decoder  460  may not be performed or may be bypassed. 
     The up-scaler  470  may include various circuitry to enlarge the decompressed image at a specified magnification. According to an embodiment, the up-scaler  470  may enlarge display data to be output on the display panel  200  in the case where there is a need to enlarge the display data depending on the magnitude of the display data or user settings. The up-scaler  470  may transfer the display data enlarged by the up-scaler  470  to the display timing controller  490 . In the case where there is no need to enlarge at least part of the display data, a configuration of the up-scaler  470  may not be performed or may be bypassed. 
     The image pre-processing unit  480  may improve the image quality of display data. The image pre-processing unit  480  may include, for example, and without limitation, a pixel data processing circuit, a pre-processing circuit, a gating circuit, or the like. 
     The mask processing unit  497  may include various circuitry to process the blank area  161  and the boundary area  162  of the display  160 . For example, the mask processing unit  497  may calculate a specified color transformation value (e.g., a value that is determined such that a black screen is displayed) to be applied to display data to be output to the blank area  161  and may apply the calculated color transformation value to the blank area  161 . Alternatively, the mask processing unit  497  may provide the calculated color transformation value to the display timing controller  490  such that the display timing controller  490  applies the color transformation value to display data. 
     According to various embodiments, the mask processing unit  497  may be configured to output specified display data (e.g., a data value that is determined such that a black screen is output) in the blank area  161 . In this case, the mask processing unit  497  may calculate a color transformation value (e.g., a maximum alpha blending value) for outputting an original color screen of display data to be output in the blank area  161  and may apply the calculated color transformation value to the display data. In the case where the maximum alpha blending value is applied to display data, an original color may be reproduced without transformation or distortion of a color that the display data indicates. 
     The mask processing unit  497  may calculate and apply a color transformation value associated with the boundary area  162 . In this regard, the mask processing unit  497  may obtain information about a point corresponding to a central point of the boundary area  162 . Returning to  FIG. 2 , the mask processing unit  497  may obtain information about the central point of the boundary area  162  of the display  160  and may calculate a distance from the central point to a location where display data are displayed. The mask processing unit  497  may calculate a specified color transformation value depending on the calculated distance. For example, the mask processing unit  497  may calculate a distance from the central point with respect to display data based on the following equation 1.
 
( x−a ) 2   +y−b   2   =D   [Equation 1]
 
     Here, “x” and “y” are center coordinate values of a circle, and “a” and “b” may include values of two-dimensional coordinates at which display data are to be output. “D” may include a value indicating a distance from the central point of the display  160  to display data. The mask processing unit  497  may allocate a specified color transformation value depending on a value of “D”. As such, the mask processing unit  497  may calculate a color transformation value of display data associated with each pixel of the display  160 . With regard to allocating the color transformation value, the mask processing unit  497  may include an arithmetic device that is able to process specified arithmetic expression. For example, the mask processing unit  497  may include an operator that is configured to calculate a color transformation value such that the color transformation value becomes smaller as a distance from the central point decreases (or “D” decreases) (or a value that is determined such that a color approximate to an original display data color is displayed, e.g., a maximum alpha blending value) and a color transformation value becomes greater as a distance from the central point increases (or “D” increases) (or a value that is determined such that a specified color corresponding to distortion of an original color of display data is displayed, e.g., a minimum alpha blending value). The arithmetic device of the mask processing unit  497  may be configured to process an integer operation. In this regard, the mask processing unit  497  may calculate a color transformation value with respect to the distance “D” from the central point by truncating values after decimal point and using only integer values. 
     According to various example embodiments, the mask processing unit  497  may calculate and apply a color transformation value based on the following equation 2.
 
 D 1&lt; x−a   a   +y−b   2   &lt;D 2  [Equation 2]
 
     Here, “x” and “y” are center coordinate values of a circle, and “a” and “b” may include values of two-dimensional coordinates at which display data are to be output. D1 may refer, for example, to a specified first distance value from the central point, and D2 may refer, for example, to a specified second distance value from the central point. The D2 may be greater than the D1 in value. The mask processing unit  497  may calculate a color transformation value corresponding to a distance, with respect to display data placed between a specified first distance point and a specified second distance point with respect to the central point based on the equation 2. Here, the first distance point may be spaced apart from the central point by the first distance, and the second distance point may be spaced apart from the central point by the second distance. For example, the mask processing unit  497  may apply a relatively small color transformation value (e.g., a value determined such that colors of display data close (or adjacent) to the curved area  163  are slightly distorted) to display data approximate to the first distance point. The mask processing unit  497  may apply a relatively great color transformation value (e.g., a value determined such that colors of display data close to the blank area  161  are relatively greatly distorted) to display data approximate to the second distance point. The mask processing unit  497  may apply a specified color transformation value (e.g., a value determined such that an original color of display data is expressed) to display data placed within the first distance or to display data exceeding the second distance. An embodiment is above exemplified as the mask processing unit  497  is disposed between the image pre-processing unit  480  and the display timing controller  490 . However, embodiments of the present disclosure may not be limited thereto. For example, the mask processing unit  497  may be disposed between two elements selected from the compression decoder  460 , the up-scaler  470 , and the image pre-processing unit  480 . 
     The display timing controller  490  may control timing of elements included in the display driver integrated circuit  400   a . For example, the display timing controller  490  may adjust timing when display data received from the processor  300  are stored in the memory  450  and timing when display data stored in the memory  450  are read, so as not to be overlapped. The display timing controller  490  may control timing when display data stored in the memory  450  are transferred to the compression decoder  460  and the up-scaler  470  after being read at a specified frame rate under control of the command controller  430 . 
     The display timing controller  490  may transfer display data received from the image pre-processing unit  480  to a source driver  210  under control of the command controller  430  and may control an output of a gate signal of a gate driver  220 . According to an embodiment, the display timing controller  490  may be implemented in the command controller  430 . The display timing controller  490  may convert display data received from the memory  450  through the compression decoder  460 , the up-scaler  470 , and/or the image pre-processing unit  480  into an image signal and may supply the image signal to the source driver  210  and the gate driver  220  of the display panel  200 . In the case where the mask processing unit  497  is configured to calculate a color transformation value, the display timing controller  490  may apply the color transformation value provided from the mask processing unit  497  to display data. For example, the display timing controller  490  may output display data after applying a color transformation value, which is calculated depending on a distance from the central point to a specific pixel, to the display data. 
     The display  160  may include the source driver  210 , the gate driver  220 , and the display panel  200 . In addition, the display  160  may further include a touch panel, a touch IC, a pressure sensor, a pressure sensor IC, a digitizer, and the like, which are associated with a user input. 
     The display panel  200  may display various information (e.g., multimedia data, text data, or the like). The display panel  200  may include, for example, and without limitation, a liquid-crystal display (LCD) panel, an active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AM-OLED) panel, or the like. For example, the display panel  200  may be implemented to be flexible, transparent, or wearable. Also, the display panel  200  may be included in, for example, a cover of a case electrically coupled to the electronic device  100 . 
     The display panel  200  may be supplied with an image signal corresponding to display data from the display driver integrated circuit  400   a  to display a screen corresponding to the display data. In the display panel  200 , a plurality of data lines and a plurality of gate lines may cross each other, and a plurality of pixels may be disposed at intersections of the data lines and the gate lines. In the case where the display panel  200  corresponds to an OLED panel, each of the plurality of pixels may include at least one or more switching elements (e.g., FET) and one OLED. Each pixel may produce light based on an image signal received from the display driver integrated circuit  400  at specified timing. The display panel  200  may have, for example, a resolution of wide quad high definition (WQHD) (2560×1440). 
     The source driver  210  and the gate driver  220  may generate signals to be supplied to a scan line and a data line (not illustrated) of the display panel  200 , based on a source control signal and a gate control signal received from the display timing controller  490 , respectively. 
       FIG. 4B  is a block diagram illustrating another example of a portion of a configuration of the electronic device according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 4B , an electronic device may include the processor  300 , the display driver integrated circuit  400   b , and the display  160 . The processor  300  and the display  160  of the electronic device may be configured to be substantially the same as or similar to the processor  300  and the display  160  described with reference to  FIG. 4A . 
     The display driver integrated circuit  400   b  may include the internal receive interface  410  (or internal receiver interface), the interface controller  420 , the command controller  430 , the memory controller  440 , the memory  450 , the compression decoder  460 , the up-scaler  470 , the image pre-processing unit  480 , the mask processing unit  497 , an auxiliary memory  496 , and the display timing controller  490 . 
     The auxiliary memory  496  may store a color transformation value (e.g., an alpha blending value or a masking image) to be applied to a boundary area of a curved shape. The masking image may include an image that is composed of color transformation values to be applied to at least one area of, for example, a curved area, a boundary area, and a blank area. The auxiliary memory  496  may store various color transformation values depending on a shape of the curved area  163  of the display  160 . For example, as described with reference to  FIG. 2 , in the case where the display  160  includes the boundary area  162  of a circular shape, the auxiliary memory  496  may respectively store a color transformation value associated with the boundary area  162  and a color transformation value associated with the curved area  163  and the blank area  161 . 
     The mask processing unit  497  may obtain a color transformation value from the auxiliary memory  496 . The mask processing unit  497  may apply the color transformation value to display data that the image pre-processing unit  480  transfers and may transfer the display data, to which the color transformation value is applied, to the display timing controller  490 . In the case where the mask processing unit  497  is disposed in front of the image pre-processing unit  480 , the mask processing unit  497  may read a color transformation value from the auxiliary memory  496  and may apply the read color transformation value to scaled display data that the up-scaler  470  transfers. 
     An example embodiment is above exemplified as the mask processing unit  497  is independent of the display timing controller  490 . However, embodiments of the present disclosure may not be limited thereto. For example, the mask processing unit  497  may be included in the display timing controller  490 . Alternatively, the display timing controller  490  may replace a function of the mask processing unit  497 . In the case where the display timing controller  490  replaces a function of the mask processing unit  497 , the mask processing unit  497  may be removed. 
     According to various example embodiments, the display driver integrated circuit  400   b  may store color transformation values to be applied to a curved area in the memory  450 . In this case, the auxiliary memory  496  may be removed from the display driver integrated circuit  400   b , and the mask processing unit  497  may be implemented to access the memory  450  (e.g., circuit wirings are added). 
       FIG. 5  is a diagram illustrating example driving of a display driver integrated circuit according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , the display driver integrated circuit  400   a  or  400   b  (below, the reference numeral  400   a  is referenced to describe a display driver integrated circuit, but it will be understood that the disclosure is not limited thereto) may maintain a turn-on state of a data enable (DE) signal during one period of a horizontal sync (HS) signal. The DE signal may maintain the turn-on state for each period of the HS signal. 
     Display data “Data” may be supplied during each period of the HS signal while the DE signal maintains the turn-on state. The HS signal may have a turn-on period corresponding to the number of gate lines during a vertical sync (VS) signal. In this case, the DE signal may have a turn-on state corresponding to the number of gate lines. When D1, D2, D3, . . . , Dn−1, and Dn are supplied as the display data “Data” as illustrated in  FIG. 5 , the mask processing unit  497  may calculate color transformation values “Mask” d1, d2, d3, . . . , dn−1, and dn, associated with the display data D1, D2, D3, . . . , Dn−1, and Dn, respectively. The display timing controller  490  may apply the color transformation values d1, d2, d3, . . . , dn−1, and dn to the display data D1, D2, D3, . . . , Dn−1, and Dn and may output the display data, to which the color transformation values d1, d2, d3, . . . , dn−1, and dn are applied, on the display  160 . The calculating and applying of the color transformation values d1, d2, d3, . . . , dn−1, and an may be performed in the mask processing unit  497 , and the display timing controller  490  may allow the source driver  210  and the gate driver  220  to be driven in synchronization with data. 
       FIG. 6  is a diagram illustrating an example of calculation of a central point according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 6 , as illustrated in state  601 , the display driver integrated circuit  400   a  of the electronic device  100  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may select “N” pixels (e.g., N being 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.; below, “N” is assumed as being “4” for ease of explanation, but it will be understood that the disclosure is not limited thereto) specified at a central point and may calculate a color transformation value based on the selected pixels. For example, in the case where the display  160  is covered by a housing as illustrated in  FIG. 6  or is displayed in a circular (or oval) shape, the display driver integrated circuit  400   a  may be configured such that four pixels placed at the center of the display  160  are used as a central point. The display driver integrated circuit  400   a  may calculate a distance in each quadrant based on the four pixels. For example, the display driver integrated circuit  400   a  may select a first central point  165   a  with regard to measuring a distance of display data in the first quadrant “A”. As in the above description, the display driver integrated circuit  400   a  may select a second central point  165   b  with regard to measuring a distance of display data in the second quadrant “B”, may select a third central point  165   c  with regard to measuring a distance of display data in the third quadrant “C”, and may select a fourth central point  165   d  with regard to measuring a distance of display data in the fourth quadrant “D”. 
     The display driver integrated circuit  400   a  may calculate a color transformation value based on a distance between each of the central points  165   a ,  165   b ,  165   c , and  165   d  and display data in the corresponding quadrant. If a color transformation value is calculated, the display driver integrated circuit  400   a  may configure a screen by applying a color transformation value for each pixel to display data. In this operation, as described above, the display driver integrated circuit  400   a  may apply a specified distance range to the boundary area  162  and may apply a color transformation value of a different magnitude to display data in proportion to a distance (or distance range). 
     According to various embodiments, as illustrated in state  603 , the display driver integrated circuit  400   a  may calculate a distance between a central point  165   e  and each pixel and may calculate a color transformation value based on the calculated distance. In this case, the display driver integrated circuit  400   a  may calculate a distance between the central point  165   e  and each pixel disposed at a peripheral end of a screen and belonging to an odd-numbered distance (a distance from the central point  165   e  to a pixel at a periphery of a display is the odd-numbered distance). In a distance calculation process, the display driver integrated circuit  400   a  may perform an integer operation (or an operation using the remaining values while values after decimal point are truncated). In calculating distances based on the four central points  165   a ,  165   b ,  165   c , and  165   d , the display driver integrated circuit  400   a  may calculate a distance between each central point and each pixel belonging to an even-numbered distance (a distance from each of the central points  165   a ,  165   b ,  165   c , and  165   d  to each peripheral pixel of the corresponding quadrant of a display is the even-numbered distance). 
       FIG. 7  is a diagram illustrating another example of an electronic device to which a display driving method according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is applied. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7 , an electronic device  700  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a display  760  and a housing  701 . An upper side of the housing  701  may be opened such that at least a partial area of the display  760  is exposed to the outside. The display  760  may be disposed in the opened portion of the housing  701 . A main printed circuit board, a battery, and the like may be seated inside the housing  701 , and a processor, a memory, and the like, which are associated with driving the display  760 , may be mounted on the main printed circuit board. 
     The display  760  may include, for example, curved areas  760   a ,  760   b ,  760   c , and  760   d  in one or more corner areas and a flat area  760   e . For example, the flat area  760   e  may be disposed on the center of the display  760 , and the curved areas  760   a ,  760   b ,  760   c , and  760   d  may be disposed such that a display area is curved in a peripheral direction of at least one of left and right sides of the flat area  760   e  while being continuous with the flat area  760   e . Each of the curved areas  760   a ,  760   b ,  760   c , and  760   d  may include an above-described boundary area  762 . The boundary area  762  may have a specified curvature “R”. A specified color transformation value may be applied to at least one boundary area of the boundary areas of the curved areas  760   a ,  760   b ,  760   c , and  760   d . According to an embodiment, a color transformation value that increases as an outward distance from the center of a display area increases may be applied to the boundary area of the first curved area  760   a . A color transformation value (e.g., an alpha blending value) associated with the boundary area of the first curved area  760   a  may be stored in the auxiliary memory  496  described above with reference to  FIG. 4B , for example. In this case, upon processing display data of the first curved area  760   a , the display driver integrated circuit  400   a  may verify a color transformation value stored in the auxiliary memory  496  and may process color transformation of display data to be displayed in a boundary area with respect to the first curved area  760   a . The display driver integrated circuit  400   a  may store color transformation values associated with the boundary areas of the curved areas  760   a ,  760   b ,  760   c , and  760   d  in the auxiliary memory  496 . 
     The auxiliary memory  496  may store only color transformation values, which correspond to some curved areas, from among the color transformation values associated with the boundary areas of the curved areas  760   a ,  760   b ,  760   c , and  760   d . According to an embodiment, the display driver integrated circuit  400   a  may apply a color transformation value corresponding to the boundary area of the first curved area  760   a  to the boundary areas of the second curved area  760   b , the third boundary area  760   c , and the fourth boundary area  760   d . In the case where color transformation values associated with two color boundary areas are used, the display driver integrated circuit  400   a  may change a color transformation value stored in the auxiliary memory  496  depending on bilateral symmetry and may apply the changed color transformation value to display data associated with the boundary area of each curved area. In this regard, the display driver integrated circuit  400   a  may store only a color transformation value associated with the boundary area of the curved area  760   a  in the auxiliary memory  496 . A color transformation value to be stored to the auxiliary memory  496  may include, for example, color transformation values (e.g., alpha blending values) to be applied depending on a distance from a central point (e.g.,  761 ) of each curved area to each pixel disposed in each curved area. 
     As described above, with regard to a display having a curved area as illustrated in  FIG. 7 , the display driver integrated circuit  400   a  may display a screen by defining the center  761  as a central point of specified coordinates (e.g., a rectangular (Cartesian) coordinate system) as in a circular display and drawing a curve depending on an “R” value (curvature value). The above-described center  761  may be identically applied to the curved areas  760   a ,  760   b ,  760   c , and  760   d.    
     An embodiment is exemplified in  FIGS. 2 and 6  as a boundary area is processed on the basis of a circular display area. However, embodiments of the present disclosure may not be limited thereto. For example, and without limitation, the circular shape may include an oval shape having eccentricity of a specified magnitude. 
     According to various example embodiments, the electronic device may include a display, a processor operatively connected to the display and configured to generate display data to be output on the display, a display driver integrated circuit configured to output, on the display, the display data received from the processor, wherein the display driver integrated circuit is configured to apply a color transformation value having a same or different magnitude to display data based on a distance from a specified point of the display to a location where the display data are to be displayed. 
     According to various example embodiments, the display driver integrated circuit is configured to apply color transformation values of different magnitudes to pieces of display data to be displayed on a display area from a first distance point spaced apart from the specified point to a second distance point. 
     According to various example embodiments, the display driver integrated circuit is configured to apply, to pieces of display data to be displayed on a display area, which is closer to the first distance point of the display area between the first distance point to the second distance point, color transformation values that are determined to allow colors of the pieces of display data to be similar to original colors of the pieces of display data. 
     According to various example embodiments, the display driver integrated circuit is configured to apply, to pieces of display data to be displayed on a display area, which is closer to the second distance point of the display area between the first distance point to the second distance point, color transformation values determined to allow the pieces of display data are displayed with a specified color. 
     According to various example embodiments, the display driver integrated circuit is configured to apply color transformation values, having magnitudes that gradually increase, to the pieces of display data to be displayed on the display area from the first distance point to the second distance point. 
     According to various example embodiments, the display driver integrated circuit is configured to display a screen in which the display area includes a blank area configured such that specified display data are displayed, a curved area configured such that display data based on execution of an application are displayed, and a boundary area including a curve between the blank area and the curved area. 
     According to various example embodiments, the display driver integrated circuit is configured to output a screen including a curved area having a circular shape in which display data based on execution of an application are displayed, a blank area surrounding the curved area and in which a black screen is displayed, and a boundary area between the blank area and the curved area. 
     According to various example embodiments, the display driver integrated circuit is configured to apply, to display data, a color transformation value that gradually increases in the boundary area from the curved area toward the blank area. 
     According to various example embodiments, the display driver integrated circuit is configured to apply the same first color transformation value to pieces of display data to be displayed on a display area within a first distance from the specified point. 
     According to various example embodiments, the display driver integrated circuit is configured to apply a value to the pieces of display data, is the value being determined such that original colors of the pieces of display data to be displayed on the display area within the first distance from the specified point are displayed. 
     According to various example embodiments, the display driver integrated circuit is configured to apply the same second color transformation value to pieces of display data to be displayed on a display area outside of a specified second distance from the specified point, wherein the second distance is greater than the first distance. 
     According to various example embodiments, the display driver integrated circuit is configured to apply a value to the pieces of display data, is the value being determined such that the pieces of display data to be displayed on the display area outside of the second distance from the specified point are displayed with a specified color, wherein the second distance is greater than the first distance. 
     According to various example embodiments, the display driver integrated circuit is configured to apply a value to the pieces of display data, the value being determined such that the pieces of display data to be displayed on the display area outside of the second distance from the specified point are displayed with a black screen, wherein the second distance is greater than the first distance. 
     According to various example embodiments, the display driver integrated circuit is configured to determine the first color transformation value and the second color transformation value to display pieces of display data to be displayed in a specified display area with the same color. 
     According to various example embodiments, the electronic device may further include an auxiliary memory configured to store the color transformation value. 
     According to various example embodiments, a method may include obtaining a value of a location of a display area, at which display data are to be output, determining a distance between the location value and a specified point of the display, determining a color transformation value to be applied to the display data based on the determined distance, applying the determined color transformation value to the display data and outputting the display data, to which the color transformation value is applied, on the display. 
     According to various example embodiments, the applying may include at least one of: applying the same first color transformation value to display data to be output on a display area between the specified point and a first point, applying the same second color transformation value to display data to be output on a display area outside of a second point that is more distant from the specified point than the first point and applying a color transformation value, a magnitude of which varies based on a distance from the specified point, to display data to be output on a display area between the first point and the second point. 
     According to various example embodiments, the outputting may include outputting a screen including a curved area of a circular shape, which is centered at the specified point, a blank area surrounding the curved area, and a boundary area between the curved area and the blank area. 
     According to various example embodiments, the display driver integrated circuit may include a receiver interface comprising circuitry configured to receive display data from a processor, a memory configured to store the display data, a mask processing unit comprising circuitry configured to obtain information about a location of a display area, at which the display data stored in the memory are to be output, to determine a color transformation value to be applied to the display data based on a distance between a specified point and the location, and to output the display data, to which the color transformation value is applied and a display timing controller configured to output the display data on a display. 
     According to various example embodiments, the display driver integrated circuit may further include an auxiliary memory configured to store the color transformation value. 
       FIG. 8  is a block diagram illustrating an example configuration of an electronic device in a network environment according to an example embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG. 8 , in various embodiments, an electronic device  801  and a first external electronic device  802 , a second external electronic device  804 , or a server  806  may connect with each other through a network  862  or local-area communication  864 . The electronic device  801  may include a bus  810 , a processor (e.g., including processing circuitry)  820 , a memory  830 , an input/output interface (e.g., including input/output circuitry)  850 , a display  860 , and a communication interface (e.g., including communication circuitry)  870 . In various embodiments, at least one of the components may be omitted from the electronic device  801 , or other components may be additionally included in the electronic device  801 . 
     The bus  810  may be, for example, a circuit which connects the components  820  to  870  with each other and transmits a communication signal (e.g., a control message and/or data) between the components. 
     The processor  820  may include various processing circuitry, such as, for example, and without limitation, one or more of a dedicated processor, a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor (AP), or a communication processor (CP). For example, the processor  820  may perform calculation or data processing about control and/or communication of at least another of the components of the electronic device  801 . 
     The memory  830  may include a volatile and/or non-volatile memory. The memory  830  may store, for example, a command or data associated with at least another of the components of the electronic device  801 . According to an embodiment, the memory  830  may store software and/or a program  840 . The program  840  may include, for example, a kernel  841 , a middleware  843 , an application programming interface (API)  845 , and/or an least one application program  847  (or “at least one application”), and the like. At least part of the kernel  841 , the middleware  843 , or the API  845  may be referred to as an operating system (OS). 
     The kernel  841  may control or manage, for example, system resources (e.g., the bus  810 , the processor  820 , or the memory  830 , and the like) used to execute an operation or function implemented in the other programs (e.g., the middleware  843 , the API  845 , or the application program  847 ). Also, as the middleware  843 , the API  845 , or the application program  847  accesses a separate component of the electronic device  801 , the kernel  841  may provide an interface which may control or manage system resources. 
     The middleware  843  may play a role as, for example, a go-between such that the API  845  or the application program  847  communicates with the kernel  841  to communicate data. 
     Also, the middleware  843  may process one or more work requests, received from the application program  847 , in order of priority. For example, the middleware  843  may assign priority which may use system resources (the bus  810 , the processor  820 , or the memory  830 , and the like) of the electronic device  801  to at least one of the at least one application program  847 . For example, the middleware  843  may perform scheduling or load balancing for the one or more work requests by processing the one or more work requests in order of the priority assigned to the at least one of the at least one application program  847 . 
     The API  845  may be, for example, an interface in which the application program  847  controls a function provided from the kernel  841  or the middleware  843 . For example, the API  845  may include at least one interface or function (e.g., a command) for file control, window control, image processing, or text control, and the like. 
     The input/output interface  850  may include various input/output circuitry and play a role as, for example, an interface which may transmit a command or data input from a user or another external device to another component (or other components) of the electronic device  801 . Also, input and output interface  850  may output an instruction or data received from another component (or other components) of the electronic device  801  to the user or the other external device. 
     The display  860  may include, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display, an organic LED (OLED) display, a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) display, or an electronic paper display, or the like, but is not limited thereto. The display  860  may display, for example, a variety of content (e.g., text, images, videos, icons, or symbols, and the like) to the user. The display  860  may include a touch screen, and may receive, for example, touch, gesture, proximity, or a hovering input using an electronic pen or part of a body of the user. 
     The communication interface  870  may include various communication circuitry and establish communication between, for example, the electronic device  801  and an external device (e.g., a first external electronic device  802 , a second external electronic device  804 , or a server  806 ). For example, the communication interface  870  may connect to a network  862  through wireless communication or wired communication and may communicate with the external device (e.g., the second external electronic device  804  or the server  806 ). Additionally, the communication interface  870  may establish a short-range wireless local connection  864  with an external electronic device, such as, for example, and without limitation, a first electronic device  802 . 
     The wireless communication may use, for example, at least one of long term evolution (LTE), LTE-advanced (LTE-A), code division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCDMA), universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), wireless broadband (WiBro), or global system for mobile communications (GSM), and the like as a cellular communication protocol. Also, the wireless communication may include, for example, local-area communication  864 . The local-area communication  864  may include, for example, at least one of wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi) communication, Bluetooth (BT) communication, near field communication (NFC), or global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communication, and the like. 
     An MST module may generate a pulse based on transmission data using an electromagnetic signal and may generate a magnetic field signal based on the pulse. The electronic device  801  may output the magnetic field signal to a point of sales (POS) system. The POS system may restore the data by detecting the magnetic field signal using an MST reader and converting the detected magnetic field signal into an electric signal. 
     The GNSS may include, for example, at least one of a global positioning system (GPS), a Glonass, a Beidou navigation satellite system (hereinafter referred to as “Beidou”), or a Galileo (i.e., the European global satellite-based navigation system) according to an available area or a bandwidth, and the like. Hereinafter, the “GPS” used herein may be interchangeably with the “GNSS”. The wired communication may include at least one of, for example, universal serial bus (USB) communication, high definition multimedia interface (HDMI) communication, recommended standard 232 (RS-232) communication, or plain old telephone service (POTS) communication, and the like. The network  862  may include a telecommunications network, for example, at least one of a computer network (e.g., a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)), the Internet, or a telephone network. 
     Each of the first and second external electronic devices  802  and  804  may be the same as or different device from the electronic device  801 . According to an embodiment, the server  806  may include a group of one or more servers. According to various embodiments, all or some of operations executed in the electronic device  801  may be executed in another electronic device or a plurality of electronic devices (e.g., the first external electronic device  802 , the second external electronic device  804 , or the server  806 ). According to an embodiment, if the electronic device  801  should perform any function or service automatically or according to a request, it may request another device (e.g., the first external electronic device  802 , the second external electronic device  804 , or the server  106 ) to perform at least part of the function or service, rather than executing the function or service for itself or in addition to the function or service. The other electronic device (e.g., the first external electronic device  802 , the second external electronic device  804 , or the server  806 ) may execute the requested function or the added function and may transmit the executed result to the electronic device  801 . The electronic device  801  may process the received result without change or additionally and may provide the requested function or service. For this purpose, for example, cloud computing technologies, distributed computing technologies, or client-server computing technologies may be used. 
       FIG. 9  is a block diagram illustrating an example configuration of an electronic device according to various example embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG. 9 , the electronic device  901  may include, for example, all or part of an electronic device  801  illustrated in  FIG. 8 . The electronic device  901  may include one or more processors (e.g., including processing circuitry)  910  (e.g., application processors (APs)), a communication module (e.g., including communication circuitry)  920 , a subscriber identification module (SIM)  929 , a memory  930 , a security module  936 , a sensor module  940 , an input device (e.g., including input circuitry)  950 , a display  960 , an interface (e.g., including interface circuitry)  970 , an audio module  980 , a camera module  991 , a power management module  995 , a battery  996 , an indicator  997 , and a motor  998 . 
     The processor  910  may include various processing circuitry and drive, for example, an operating system (OS) or an application program to control a plurality of hardware or software components connected thereto and may process and compute a variety of data. The processor  910  may be implemented with, for example, a system on chip (SoC). According to an embodiment, the processor  910  may include a graphic processing unit (GPU) (not shown) and/or an image signal processor (not shown). The processor  910  may include at least some (e.g., a cellular module  921 ) of the components shown in  FIG. 9 . The processor  910  may load a command or data received from at least one of other components (e.g., a non-volatile memory) into a volatile memory to process the data and may store various data in a non-volatile memory. 
     The communication module  920  may have the same or similar configuration to a communication interface  1370  of  FIG. 8 . The communication module  920  may include, various communication circuitry, such as, for example, and without limitation, the cellular module  921 , a wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi) module  922 , a Bluetooth (BT) module  923 , a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) module  924  (e.g., a GPS module, a Glonass module, a Beidou module, or a Galileo module), a near field communication (NFC) module  925 , an MST module  926 , and a radio frequency (RF) module  927 . 
     The cellular module  921  may provide, for example, a voice call service, a video call service, a text message service, or an Internet service, and the like through a communication network. According to an embodiment, the cellular module  921  may identify and authenticate the electronic device  901  in a communication network using the SIM  929  (e.g., a SIM card). According to an embodiment, the cellular module  921  may perform at least part of functions which may be provided by the processor  910 . According to an embodiment, the cellular module  921  may include a communication processor (CP). 
     The Wi-Fi module  922 , the BT module  923 , the GNSS module  924 , the NFC module  925 , or the MST module  926  may include, for example, a processor for processing data transmitted and received through the corresponding module. According to various embodiments, at least some (e.g., two or more) of the cellular module  921 , the Wi-Fi module  922 , the BT module  923 , the GNSS module  924 , the NFC module  925 , or the MST module  926  may be included in one integrated chip (IC) or one IC package. 
     The RF module  927  may transmit and receive, for example, a communication signal (e.g., an RF signal). Though not shown, the RF module  927  may include, for example, a transceiver, a power amplifier module (PAM), a frequency filter, or a low noise amplifier (LNA), or an antenna, and the like. According to another embodiment, at least one of the cellular module  921 , the Wi-Fi module  922 , the BT module  923 , the GNSS module  924 , the NFC module  925 , or the MST module  926  may transmit and receive an RF signal through a separate RF module. 
     The SIM  929  may include, for example, a card which includes a SIM and/or an embedded SIM. The SIM  929  may include unique identification information (e.g., an integrated circuit card identifier (ICCID)) or subscriber information (e.g., an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI)). 
     The memory  930  (e.g., a memory  830  of  FIG. 8 ) may include, for example, an embedded memory  932  and/or an external memory  934 . The embedded memory  932  may include at least one of, for example, a volatile memory (e.g., a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a static RAM (SRAM), a synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM), and the like), or a non-volatile memory (e.g., a one-time programmable read only memory (OTPROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an erasable and programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable and programmable ROM (EEPROM), a mask ROM, a flash ROM, a flash memory (e.g., a NAND flash memory or a NOR flash memory, and the like), a hard drive, or a solid state drive (SSD)). 
     The external memory  934  may include a flash drive, for example, a compact flash (CF), a secure digital (SD), a micro-SD, a mini-SD, an extreme digital (xD), a multimedia car (MMC), or a memory stick, and the like. The external memory  934  may operatively and/or physically connect with the electronic device  901  through various interfaces. 
     The security module  936  may be a module which has a relatively higher secure level than the memory  930  and may be a circuit which stores secure data and guarantees a protected execution environment. The security module  936  may be implemented with a separate circuit and may include a separate processor. The security module  936  may include, for example, an embedded secure element (eSE) which is present in a removable smart chip or a removable SD card or is embedded in a fixed chip of the electronic device  901 . Also, the security module  936  may be driven by an OS different from the OS of the electronic device  901 . For example, the security module  936  may operate based on a java card open platform (JCOP) OS. 
     The sensor module  940  may measure, for example, a physical quantity or may detect an operation state of the electronic device  901 , and may convert the measured or detected information to an electrical signal. The sensor module  940  may include at least one of, for example, a gesture sensor  940 A, a gyro sensor  940 B, a barometer (barometric pressure) sensor  940 C, a magnetic sensor  940 D, an acceleration sensor  940 E, a grip sensor  940 F, a proximity sensor  940 G, a color sensor  940 H (e.g., red, green, blue (RGB) sensor), a biometric sensor  940 I, a temperature/humidity sensor  940 J, an illumination sensor  940 K, or an ultraviolet (UV) sensor  940 M. Additionally or alternatively, the sensor module  940  may further include, for example, an e-nose sensor (not shown), an electromyography (EMG) sensor (not shown), an electroencephalogram (EEG) sensor (not shown), an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor (not shown), an infrared (IR) sensor (not shown), an iris sensor (not shown), and/or a fingerprint sensor (not shown), and the like. The sensor module  940  may further include a control circuit for controlling at least one or more sensors included therein. According to various embodiments, the electronic device  901  may further include a processor configured to control the sensor module  940 , as part of the processor  910  or to be independent of the processor  910 . While the processor  910  is in a sleep state, the electronic device  901  may control the sensor module  940 . 
     The input device  950  may include various input circuitry, such as, for example, and without limitation, a touch panel  952 , a (digital) pen sensor  954 , a key  956 , or an ultrasonic input device  958 . The touch panel  952  may use at least one of, for example, a capacitive type, a resistive type, an infrared type, or an ultrasonic type. Also, the touch panel  952  may further include a control circuit. The touch panel  952  may further include a tactile layer and may provide a tactile reaction to a user. 
     The (digital) pen sensor  954  may be, for example, part of the touch panel  952  or may include a separate sheet for recognition. The key  956  may include, for example, a physical button, an optical key, or a keypad. The ultrasonic input device  958  may allow the electronic device  901  to detect a sound wave using a microphone (e.g., a microphone  988 ) and to verify data through an input tool generating an ultrasonic signal. 
     The display  960  (e.g., a display  860  of  FIG. 8 ) may include a panel  962 , a hologram device  964 , or a projector  966 . The panel  962  may include the same or similar configuration to the display  160  or  860 . The panel  962  may be implemented to be, for example, flexible, transparent, or wearable. The panel  962  and the touch panel  952  may be integrated into one module. The hologram device  964  may show a stereoscopic image in a space using interference of light. The projector  966  may project light onto a screen to display an image. The screen may be positioned, for example, inside or outside the electronic device  901 . According to an embodiment, the display  960  may further include a control circuit for controlling the panel  962 , the hologram device  964 , or the projector  966 . 
     The interface  970  may include various interface circuitry, such as, for example, and without limitation, a high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI)  972 , a universal serial bus (USB)  974 , an optical interface  976 , or a D-subminiature  978 . The interface  970  may be included in, for example, a communication interface  870  shown in  FIG. 8 . Additionally or alternatively, the interface  970  may include, for example, a mobile high definition link (MHL) interface, an SD card/multimedia card (MMC) interface, or an infrared data association (IrDA) standard interface. 
     The audio module  980  may convert a sound and an electric signal in dual directions. At least part of components of the audio module  980  may be included in, for example, an input and output interface  850  (or a user interface) shown in  FIG. 8 . The audio module  980  may process sound information input or output through, for example, a speaker  982 , a receiver  984 , an earphone  986 , or the microphone  988 , and the like. 
     The camera module  991  may be a device which captures a still image and a moving image. According to an embodiment, the camera module  991  may include one or more image sensors (not shown) (e.g., a front sensor or a rear sensor), a lens (not shown), an image signal processor (ISP) (not shown), or a flash (not shown) (e.g., an LED or a xenon lamp). 
     The power management module  995  may manage, for example, power of the electronic device  901 . According to an embodiment, though not shown, the power management module  995  may include a power management integrated circuit (PMIC), a charger IC or a battery or fuel gauge. The PMIC may have a wired charging method and/or a wireless charging method. The wireless charging method may include, for example, a magnetic resonance method, a magnetic induction method, or an electromagnetic method, and the like. An additional circuit for wireless charging, for example, a coil loop, a resonance circuit, or a rectifier, and the like may be further provided. The battery gauge may measure, for example, the remaining capacity of the battery  996  and voltage, current, or temperature thereof while the battery  996  is charged. The battery  996  may include, for example, a rechargeable battery or a solar battery. 
     The indicator  997  may display a specific state of the electronic device  901  or part (e.g., the processor  910 ) thereof, for example, a booting state, a message state, or a charging state, and the like. The motor  998  may convert an electric signal into mechanical vibration and may generate vibration or a haptic effect, and the like. Though not shown, the electronic device  901  may include a processing unit (e.g., a GPU) for supporting a mobile TV. The processing unit for supporting the mobile TV may process media data according to standards, for example, a digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) standard, a digital video broadcasting (DVB) standard, or a mediaFlo™ standard, and the like. 
     Each of the above-mentioned elements of the electronic device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure may be configured with one or more components, and names of the corresponding elements may be changed according to the type of the electronic device. The electronic device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure may include at least one of the above-mentioned elements, some elements may be omitted from the electronic device, or other additional elements may be further included in the electronic device. Also, some of the elements of the electronic device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other to form one entity, thereby making it possible to perform the functions of the corresponding elements in the same manner as before the combination. 
       FIG. 10  is a block diagram illustrating an example configuration of a program module according to various example embodiments. 
     According to an embodiment, the program module  1010  (e.g., a program  840  of  FIG. 8 ) may include an operating system (OS) for controlling resources associated with an electronic device (e.g., an electronic device  801  of  FIG. 8 ) and/or various applications (e.g., an application program  847  of  FIG. 8 ) which are executed on the OS. The OS may be, for example, Android, iOS, Windows, Symbian, Tizen, or Bada, and the like. 
     The program module  1010  may include a kernel  1020 , a middleware  1030 , an application programming interface (API)  1060 , and/or an application  1070 . At least part of the program module  1010  may be preloaded on the electronic device, or may be downloaded from an external electronic device (e.g., a first external electronic device  802 , a second external electronic device  804 , or a server  806 , and the like of  FIG. 8 ). 
     The kernel  1020  (e.g., a kernel  841  of  FIG. 8 ) may include, for example, a system resource manager  1021  and/or a device driver  1023 . The system resource manager  1021  may control, assign, or collect, and the like system resources. According to an embodiment, the system resource manager  1021  may include a process management unit, a memory management unit, or a file system management unit, and the like. The device driver  1023  may include, for example, a display driver, a camera driver, a Bluetooth (BT) driver, a shared memory driver, a universal serial bus (USB) driver, a keypad driver, a wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi) driver, an audio driver, or an inter-process communication (IPC) driver. 
     The middleware  1030  (e.g., a middleware  843  of  FIG. 8 ) may provide, for example, functions the application  1070  needs in common, and may provide various functions to the application  1070  through the API  1060  such that the application  1070  efficiently uses limited system resources in the electronic device. According to an embodiment, the middleware  1030  (e.g., the middleware  843 ) may include at least one of a runtime library  1035 , an application manager  1041 , a window manager  1042 , a multimedia manager  1043 , a resource manager  1044 , a power manager  1045 , a database manager  1046 , a package manager  1047 , a connectivity manager  1048 , a notification manager  1049 , a location manager  1050 , a graphic manager  1051 , a security manager  1052 , or a payment manager  1054 . 
     The runtime library  1035  may include, for example, a library module used by a compiler to add a new function through a programming language while the application  1070  is executed. The runtime library  1035  may perform a function about input and output management, memory management, or an arithmetic function. 
     The application manager  1041  may manage, for example, a life cycle of at least one of the application  1070 . The window manager  1042  may manage graphic user interface (GUI) resources used on a screen of the electronic device. The multimedia manager  1043  may determine a format utilized for reproducing various media files and may encode or decode a media file using a codec corresponding to the corresponding format. The resource manager  1044  may manage source codes of at least one of the application  1070 , and may manage resources of a memory or a storage space, and the like. 
     The power manager  1045  may act together with, for example, a basic input/output system (BIOS) and the like, may manage a battery or a power source, and may provide power information utilized for an operation of the electronic device. The database manager  1046  may generate, search, or change a database to be used in at least one of the application  1070 . The package manager  1047  may manage installation or update of an application distributed by a type of a package file. 
     The connectivity manager  1048  may manage, for example, wireless connection such as Wi-Fi connection or BT connection, and the like. The notification manager  1049  may display or notify events, such as an arrival message, an appointment, and proximity notification, by a method which is not disturbed to the user. The location manager  1050  may manage location information of the electronic device. The graphic manager  1051  may manage a graphic effect to be provided to the user or a user interface (UI) related to the graphic effect. The security manager  1052  may provide all security functions utilized for system security or user authentication, and the like. According to an embodiment, when the electronic device (e.g., an electronic device  100  or  801  of  FIG. 1 or 8 ) has a phone function, the middleware  1030  may further include a telephony manager (not shown) for managing a voice or video communication function of the electronic device. 
     The middleware  1030  may include a middleware module which configures combinations of various functions of the above-described components. The middleware  1030  may provide a module which specializes according to kinds of OSs to provide a differentiated function. Also, the middleware  1030  may dynamically delete some of old components or may add new components. 
     The API  1060  (e.g., an API  845  of  FIG. 8 ) may be, for example, a set of API programming functions, and may be provided with different components according to OSs. For example, in case of Android or iOS, one API set may be provided according to platforms. In case of Tizen, two or more API sets may be provided according to platforms. 
     The application  1070  (e.g., an application program  847  of  FIG. 8 ) may include one or more of, for example, a home application  1071 , a dialer application  1072 , a short message service/multimedia message service (SMS/MMS) application  1073 , an instant message (IM) application  1074 , a browser application  1075 , a camera application  1076 , an alarm application  1077 , a contact application  1078 , a voice dial application  1079 , an e-mail application  1080 , a calendar application  1081 , a media player application  1082 , an album application  1083 , a clock application  1084 , or payment application  1085 . Additionally, or alternatively, though not shown, the application  1070  may include a health care application (e.g., an application for measuring quantity of exercise or blood sugar, and the like), or an environment information application (e.g., an application for providing atmospheric pressure information, humidity information, or temperature information, and the like), or the like. 
     According to an embodiment, the application  1070  may include an application (hereinafter, for better understanding and ease of description, referred to as “information exchange application”) for exchanging information between the electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  801  of  FIG. 8 ) and an external electronic device (e.g., the first external electronic device  802  or the second external electronic device  804 ). The information exchange application may include, for example, a notification relay application for transmitting specific information to the external electronic device or a device management application for managing the external electronic device. 
     For example, the notification relay application may include a function of transmitting notification information, which is generated by other applications (e.g., the SMS/MMS application, the e-mail application, the health care application, or the environment information application, and the like) of the electronic device, to the external electronic device (e.g., the first external electronic device  802  or the second external electronic device  804 ). Also, the notification relay application may receive, for example, notification information from the external electronic device, and may provide the received notification information to the user of the electronic device. 
     The device management application may manage (e.g., install, delete, or update), for example, at least one (e.g., a function of turning on/off the external electronic device itself (or partial components) or a function of adjusting brightness (or resolution) of a display) of functions of the external electronic device (e.g., the first external electronic device  802  or the second external electronic device  804 ) which communicates with the electronic device, an application which operates in the external electronic device, or a service (e.g., a call service or a message service) provided from the external electronic device. 
     According to an embodiment, the application  1070  may include an application (e.g., the health card application of a mobile medical device) which is preset according to attributes of the external electronic device (e.g., the first external electronic device  802  or the second external electronic device  804 ). According to an embodiment, the application  1070  may include an application received from the external electronic device (e.g., the server  806 , the first external electronic device  802 , or the second external electronic device  804 ). According to an embodiment, the application  1070  may include a preloaded application or a third party application which may be downloaded from a server. Names of the components of the program module  1010  according to various embodiments of the present disclosure may differ according to kinds of OSs. 
     According to various embodiments, at least part of the program module  1010  may be implemented with software, firmware, hardware, or at least two or more combinations thereof. At least part of the program module  1010  may be implemented (e.g., executed) by, for example, a processor (e.g., a processor  820  of  FIG. 8 ). At least part of the program module  1010  may include, for example, a module, a program, a routine, sets of instructions, or a process, and the like for performing one or more functions. 
     The terminology “module” used herein may refer, for example, to a unit including one of hardware, software, and firmware or two or more combinations thereof. The terminology “module” may be interchangeably used with, for example, terminologies “unit”, “logic”, “logical block”, “component”, or “circuit”, and the like. The “module” may be a minimum unit of an integrated component or a part thereof. The “module” may be a minimum unit performing one or more functions or a part thereof. The “module” may be mechanically or electronically implemented. For example, the “module” may include, for example and without limitation, at least one of a dedicated processor, a CPU, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chip, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or a programmable-logic device, which is well known or will be developed in the future, for performing certain operations. 
     According to various example embodiments of the present disclosure, at least part of a device (e.g., modules or the functions) or a method (e.g., operations) may be implemented with, for example, instructions stored in computer-readable storage media which have a program module. When the instructions are executed by a processor, one or more processors may perform functions corresponding to the instructions. The computer-readable storage media may be, for example, a memory. 
     The computer-readable storage media may include a hard disc, a floppy disk, magnetic media (e.g., a magnetic tape), optical media (e.g., a compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM) and a digital versatile disc (DVD)), magneto-optical media (e.g., a floptical disk), a hardware device (e.g., a ROM, a random access memory (RAM), or a flash memory, and the like), and the like. Also, the program instructions may include not only mechanical codes compiled by a compiler but also high-level language codes which may be executed by a computer using an interpreter and the like. The above-mentioned hardware device may be configured to operate as one or more software modules to perform operations according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, and vice versa. 
     Modules or program modules according to various example embodiments of the present disclosure may include at least one or more of the above-mentioned components, some of the above-mentioned components may be omitted, or other additional components may be further included. Operations executed by modules, program modules, or other components may be executed by a successive method, a parallel method, a repeated method, or a heuristic method. Also, some operations may be executed in a different order or may be omitted, and other operations may be added. 
     Example embodiments of the present disclosure described and shown in the drawings are provided as examples to describe technical content and help understanding but do not limit the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that besides the embodiments listed herein, all modifications or modified forms derived based on the technical ideas of the present disclosure are included in the present disclosure as defined in the claims, and their equivalents. 
     The above-described embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented in hardware, firmware or via the execution of software or computer code that can be stored in a recording medium such as a CD ROM, a Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), a magnetic tape, a RAM, a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magneto-optical disk or computer code downloaded over a network originally stored on a remote recording medium or a non-transitory machine readable medium and to be stored on a local recording medium, so that the methods described herein can be rendered via such software that is stored on the recording medium using a general purpose computer, or a special processor or in programmable or dedicated hardware, such as an ASIC or FPGA. As would be understood in the art, the computer, the processor, microprocessor controller or the programmable hardware include memory components, e.g., RAM, ROM, Flash, etc. that may store or receive software or computer code that when accessed and executed by the computer, processor or hardware implement the processing methods described herein. 
     The control unit may include various processing circuitry, such as, for example, and without limitation, a microprocessor or any suitable type of processing circuitry, such as one or more general-purpose processors (e.g., ARM-based processors), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Graphical Processing Unit (GPU), a video card controller, etc. In addition, it would be recognized that when a general purpose computer accesses code for implementing the processing shown herein, the execution of the code transforms the general purpose computer into a special purpose computer for executing the processing shown herein. Any of the functions and steps provided in the Figures may be implemented in hardware, software or a combination of both and may be performed in whole or in part within the programmed instructions of a computer. In addition, an artisan understands and appreciates that a “processor” or “microprocessor” may be hardware in the claimed disclosure. 
     According to various example embodiments of the present disclosure, an improved screen may be provided by displaying a curve more smoothly. 
     While the present disclosure has been illustrated and described with reference to various example embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.