Patent Publication Number: US-2022219030-A1

Title: Fire suppression apparatus

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/GB2020/052359, filed on Sep. 29, 2020, which claims the priority of United Kingdom Patent Application No. 1914087.0, filed on Sep. 30, 2019, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a fire suppression apparatus and is concerned more particularly with a fire suppression apparatus that uses a powder agent. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Various kinds of fire suppression apparatus exist, including water, foam and dry powder types. Powder suppression apparatus typically include a vessel, which is usually a cylinder, in which is stored the powder agent and a propellant gas, under super-atmospheric pressure. The powder may be monoammonium phosphate, for example, and the propellant gas is usually nitrogen. In use, a discharge valve is opened (often via an actuator mechanism) and the pressure in the vessel causes the propellant gas and extinguishing powder to exit the vessel via a discharge tube. 
     In some uses, such as in vehicular fire suppression systems, it may be advantageous to have the cylinder mounted in a horizontal configuration. Horizontal mounting of suppression apparatus is often necessary in order to minimize the space taken up by the apparatus. However, when stored horizontally, as the volume of powder becomes reduced through use and vibration and settling, a remnant quantity of the settled powder eventually lies below an intake opening of the discharge tube. This quantity of powder is no longer usable as it does not become entrained in the gas during discharge. This reduces the effectiveness of the fire suppression apparatus. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fire suppression apparatus comprising a container for containing a discharge gas under pressure and a fire suppressant agent, a discharge valve and a discharge conduit for conveying gas and agent to the valve in use, wherein the apparatus comprises an agent disturbing portion which is arranged in use to promote the entrainment of agent in the flow of discharge gas during a discharge operation. 
     The fire suppressant agent may be in powder form. 
     The agent disturbing portion may comprise one or more apertures in the conduit. The disturbing portion may comprise an end aperture in the conduit and may comprise one or more side apertures in the conduit. In a preferred arrangement, the disturbing portion may comprise a venturi-effect portion. 
     The disturbing portion may comprise a vortex generating portion of the conduit. 
     The discharge conduit may comprise a discharge tube. 
     The discharge conduit preferably includes at least one part that extends substantially parallel with a longitudinal axis of the container, and preferably includes at least one other portion that deviates from parallel with a longitudinal axis of the container. In a preferred arrangement, the deviating portion of the conduit is arranged to extend towards a lower side of the container as mounted in use. 
     The container is preferably a cylinder. 
     The discharge valve may be operable in one or more ways to discharge gas and agent including one or more of (but not limited to) mechanical, pneumatic and/or electrical actuation. 
     The invention also includes a method of improving the discharge efficiency of an agent-based fire suppression system, the method comprising disturbing the agent in a cylinder of the suppression system so that the agent becomes entrained in a discharge gas during a discharge operation. 
     The invention may include any combination of the features or limitations referred to herein, except such a combination of features as are mutually exclusive, or mutually inconsistent. 
     Embodiments of the present invention aim to address the problem of incomplete discharge of fire suppression agent, for example when a container of the agent is stored horizontally. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic, longitudinal sectional view of a fire suppression apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is schematic, transverse sectional view of the fire suppression apparatus taken along line X-X′ of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a detailed view of area A of  FIG. 2 ; and 
         FIG. 4  is a detailed view of area B of  FIG. 1 ; and 
         FIG. 5  is a detailed sectional view of part of the apparatus of  FIGS. 1-4 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Turning to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , this shows generally at  100  a fire suppression apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The fire suppression apparatus is of a type used particularly in fire suppression systems of vehicles and comprises a container in the form of a pressure cylinder  120  having a discharge valve  130  and, inside the cylinder, a tubular discharge conduit  140 . The cylinder  120  is shown in its operable configuration, arranged on its side, and the discharge tube includes a first portion  140   a , close to the valve  130 , that extends substantially parallel with a longitudinal axis of the cylinder, and in this example is substantially central with respect to the cylinder. The tube also includes a second portion  140   b  that extends downwardly from the substantially axial first portion  140   a  towards the lowest part of the sidewall of the cylinder and a third portion  140   c  that is again substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, but close to the sidewall of the cylinder, at an insert portion  140   d.    
     In use, the cylinder  120  contains a propellant gas, such as Nitrogen at a pressure of 24 bar (for example). The cylinder also contains a fire-suppressant agent, such as monoammonium phosphate in powder form (not shown). 
       FIGS. 3 and 4  show, respectively, in more detail, the areas A and B of  FIGS. 2 and 1  respectively. The insert portion  140   d  includes an axial end aperture  142  which narrows in a tapered portion  144  to a short inner tube  146 , of a smaller diameter than the conduit  140  itself. The insert portion also features a slot  150 , which exposes the inner tube  146  to the interior of the cylinder  120 . The inner tube  146  is parallel to the cylinder wall  120 . The slot  150  is parallel to the inner tube  146  and cylinder wall  120 . 
       FIG. 5  shows in more detail the insert portion  140   d.    
     The shape and juxtaposition of the apertures  142  and  150  are so as to create a venturi portion of the conduit  140 . During operation of the suppression apparatus, the effect of this on the pressurized propellant gas is to create a vortex in the cylinder which disturbs a remnant volume of powder agent lying against the bottom of the cylinder. When the powder is disturbed in this way it is much more likely to become entrained in the gas as the gas is released from the cylinder. Further to this, the venturi effect causes a suction effect on the slot  150 . 
     As a result, the quantity of powder agent remaining in the cylinder at a point when the cylinder is no longer usable is considerably lessened. This means that more powder from each charging of the cylinder can be used, leading to a reduction in the frequency of the refilling operations and a consequent saving in cost. 
     Whilst endeavoring in the foregoing specification to draw attention to those features of the invention believed to be of particular importance, it should be understood that the applicant claims protection in respect of any patentable feature or combination of features referred to herein, and/or shown in the drawings, whether or not particular emphasis has been placed thereon.