Patent Publication Number: US-2004053860-A1

Title: Flavonoid derivatives for the treatment of eczema

Description:
[0001] The invention relates to the use of certain flavonoid derivatives for the preparation of formulations which are suitable for the prophylaxis and/or therapy of eczema, and to formulations which comprise flavonoid derivatives of this type.  
       [0002] According to http://yavivo.lifeline.de (BertelsmannSpringer Medizin Online GmbH), atopic eczema is a common disease in industrialised countries. Studies have shown that on any particular day about 2.5% of the total population of Europe is suffering from itchy skin changes caused by atopic eczema.  
       [0003] According to ROCHE Lexikon Medizin [ROCHE Lexicon of Medicine], 3rd Edition, eczema is an acute, sub-acute or chronic disease of the epidermis with extensive [lacuna] which are not clearly delimited from healthy skin, for example as nodulation, vesiculation and flaking with initial and accompanying skin reddening (erythema), possibly with hornification (eczema callosum), and also with participation of deeper skin layers (the term eczema cannot be clearly delimited from the term dermatitis and is frequently replaced by the latter in Anglo-Saxon language regions). A raised immune response, abrasions and damage to the skin and its protective sheaths (“barriers”)—based on sweat and sebaceous gland activity—and infestation with pathogens (bacteria, fungi) can have a promoting or initiating action; special forms are endogenous or constitutional eczema (eczema atopicum), microbial eczema (due to bacteria and fungi as eczematogens) and seborrhoeic eczema (eczema seborrhoicum).  
       [0004] Atopic eczema (eczema atopicum; endogenous eczema, essential eczema, dermatitis atopica) is eczema as a consequence of constitutional hypersensitivity (atopy), where it is frequently not possible to observe a particular eczematogen. The skin manifestations of “atopic diathesis” are age-dependent with respect to reaction site and type: in infants as facial eczema (milk crust, infantile eczema), in schoolchildren and adults as neurodermatitis, in adults also with rather scattered foci with papules (prurigo) on the trunk and limbs; also very discreet forms, for example dermatitis sicca; often accompanied by asthma or rhinoconjunctivitis.  
       [0005] Inflammatory skin changes of this type are generally treated with a mild or moderate glucocorticoid preparation in order to counter the formation of chronic skin changes. However, sudden discontinuation of the glucocorticoid can result in problems since this can favour the inflammation reaction flaring up again. Furthermore, glucocorticoid-containing ointments and creams can only be employed in the short term since the skin can become thinner on application over a number of weeks.  
       [0006] Owing to these disadvantages, there is a demand for alternative or complementary active ingredients for the prophylaxis and/or therapy of eczema, in particular atopic eczema.  
       [0007] The object of the present invention was therefore to provide suitable active ingredients.  
       [0008] The earlier international patent application PCT/EP 02/01200 describes compounds of the formula I  
                 
 
       [0009] in which  
       [0010] Z 1  to Z 4  and  
       [0011] Z 6  to Z 10  are each, independently of one another, H, OH, CH 3 COO, alkoxy, hydroxyalkoxy, mono- or oligoglycoside radicals and where the alkoxy and hydroxyalkoxy groups may be branched or unbranched and can have from 1 to 18 carbon atoms,  
                 
 
       [0012] Z 5  is a mono- or oligoglycoside radical, where at least one radical selected from  
                 

                 
 
       [0013] in which X, X 1 , X 2  and X 3  are each, independently of one another, OH, CH 3 COO, an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a monoglycoside radical, n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, m is 0 or 1, k is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, and M is H, Na or K,  
       [0014] is bonded to this glycoside radical, in each case via an —O— group, and  
       [0015] in which one or more hydrogen atoms in the OH groups of the glycoside radicals mentioned in the substituents Z 1  to Z 10  may each, independently of one another, also be replaced by acetyl or by alkyl radicals having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and where, in each case independently of one another, sulfate or phosphate may also be bonded to one or more hydroxyl groups of the radicals mentioned in the substituents. Z 1  to Z 10 . These compounds are suitable for use in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. In particular, PCT/EP 02/01200 describes the suitability of these compounds for use as UV filters and as active ingredient for protection against oxidative stress and for preventing skin ageing. It is furthermore described that these compounds exhibit antiallergic, antiinflammatory, inflammation-inhibiting and antiirritative properties and can thus be used for the treatment or preventive treatment of allergies, inflammation and irritation, in particular of the skin.  
       [0016] Surprisingly, it has now been found that these compounds are eminently suitable for the treatment of eczema.  
       [0017] A first subject-matter of the present invention is therefore the use of compounds of the formula I or salts thereof.  
                 
 
       [0018] in which  
       [0019] Z 1  to Z 4  and  
       [0020] Z 6  to Z 10  are each, independently of one another, H, OH, CH 3 COO, alkoxy, hydroxyalkoxy, mono- or oligoglycoside radicals and where the alkoxy and hydroxyalkoxy groups may be branched or unbranched and can have from 1 to 18 carbon atoms,  
                 
 
       [0021] Z 5  is a mono- or oligoglycoside radical, where at least one radical selected from  
                 

                 
 
       [0022] in which X, X 1 , X 2  and X 3  are each, independently of one another, OH, CH 3 COO, an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a monoglycoside radical, n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, m is 0 or 1, k is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, and M is H, Na or K,  
       [0023] is bonded to this glycoside radical, in each case via an —O— group, and  
       [0024] in which one or more hydrogen atoms in the OH groups of the glycoside radicals mentioned in the substituents Z 1  to Z 10  may each, independently of one another, also be replaced by acetyl or by alkyl radicals having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and where, in each case independently of one another, sulfate or phosphate may also be bonded to one or more hydroxyl groups of the radicals mentioned in the substituents Z 1  to Z 10 ,  
       [0025] for the preparation of a formulation for the prophylaxis and/or therapy of eczema.  
       [0026] For the purposes of the present invention, the term formulation here is taken to mean a cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical formulation which is suitable for topical application. Typical formulations comprise conventional excipients which are tolerated by the skin and have been tested in accordance with the intended use and optionally further adjuvants and active ingredients.  
       [0027] A further subject-matter of the present application is a formulation for topical application comprising  
       [0028] a) at least one compound of the formula I as described above,  
       [0029] b) a skin-tolerated excipient,  
       [0030] c) optionally one or more further active ingredients having a skin-care and/or inflammation-inhibiting action.  
       [0031] Preferred formulations comprise at least one inflammation-inhibiting active ingredient c), which is preferably selected from the glucocorticoids or tacrolimus.  
       [0032] Tacrolimus has been isolated from the fungus  Streptomyces tsukukaensis  and exhibits an immunosuppressive action.  
       [0033] Suitable glucocorticoids are, for example, prednisone, cloprednol, triamcinolone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, betamethasone, desoximetasone, clobetasone butyrate, halcinonide, clobetasol propionate, prednisolone, hydrocortisone butyrate, betamethasone dipropionate, fluocinolone acetonide, betamethasone valerate, hydrocortisone (cortisol), cortisone acetate, prednicarbate, diflucortolone valerate, triamcinolone acetonide, fluocortolone and fluocortolone 21-hexanoate.  
       [0034] Formulations of this type which comprise an active-ingredient combination of at least one compound of the formula I and at least one of the above-mentioned further active ingredients exhibit a particularly strong inflammation-inhibiting action.  
       [0035] In particular, it has been found that the compounds of the formula I and the formulations according to the invention can be employed particularly advantageously in the treatment of atopic eczema, such as, in particular, milk crust, neurodermatitis, prurigo and dermatitis sicca.  
       [0036] It has been found here that the compounds of the formula I  
       [0037] are able greatly to reduce the acute symptoms,  
       [0038] are able to reduce the frequency of occurrence of acute symptoms,  
       [0039] in general contribute to an improvement in the skin picture.  
       [0040] Known compounds of the formula I are, for example, kaempferol 3-(6″-galloylglucoside) and kaempferol 3-(6″-p-coumarylglucoside), which is also known as tiliroside.  
                 
 
       [0041] DE 195 44 905 A1 describes, for example, a process for the preparation of plant extracts containing tiliroside and the use of the plant extracts in medicaments and food products.  
       [0042] DE 199 22 287 A1 describes tiliroside as a starting flavonoid for the preparation of tiliroside esters whose acid unit contains from 3 to 30 carbon atoms. These esters are used in cosmetics. However, DE 199 22 287 A1 does not describe any formulations comprising tiliroside.  
       [0043] The formulations comprising one or more compounds of the formula I are also suitable for the protection of human skin or for the protection of body cells against oxidative stress, i.e., for example, against damage by free radicals, as generated, for example, by sunlight, heat or other influences. The formulations comprising one or more compounds of the formula I are particularly suitable for reducing skin ageing.  
       [0044] The present invention thus also relates to the use of one or more compounds of the formula I as active ingredient for protection against oxidative stress. The present invention furthermore relates to the use of one or more compounds of the formula I for preventing skin ageing.  
       [0045] The compounds of the formula I have antiallergic, antiinflammatory, inflammation-inhibiting and antiirritative properties and can thus be used for the treatment or preventive treatment of allergies, inflammation and irritation, in particular of the skin. The present invention therefore furthermore relates to the use of one or more compounds of the formula I as active ingredient having an antiallergic, antiinflammatory, inflammation-inhibiting and antiirritative action.  
       [0046] If the compounds to be employed in accordance with the invention have free hydroxyl groups, they additionally exhibit, in addition to the properties described, an action as antioxidant and/or free-radical scavenger. Preference is therefore also given to preparations having light-protection properties comprising at least one compound of the formula I which is characterised in that at least one of the radicals R 1  to R 3  is OH, where preferably at least one of the radicals R 1  and R 2  is OH.  
       [0047] In order that the compounds of the formula I are able to develop their positive action as free-radical scavengers on the skin particularly well, it may be preferred to allow the compounds of the formula I to penetrate into deeper skin layers. Several possibilities are available for this purpose. Firstly, the compounds of the formula I can have an adequate lipophilicity in order to be able to penetrate through the outer skin layer into epidermal layers. As a further possibility, corresponding transport agents, for example liposomes, which enable transport of the compounds of the formula I through the outer skin layers may also be provided in the preparation. Finally, systemic transport of the compounds of the formula I is also conceivable. The preparation is then designed, for example, in such a way that it is suitable for oral administration.  
       [0048] In general, the substances of the formula I act as free-radical scavengers. Free radicals of this type are not generated only by sunlight, but instead are formed under various conditions. Examples are anoxia, which blocks the flow of electrons upstream of the cytochrome oxidases and causes the formation of superoxide free-radical anions; inflammation associated, inter alia, with the formation of superoxide anions by the membrane NADPH oxidase of the leucocytes, but also associated with the formation (through disproportionation in the presence of iron(II) ions) of the hydroxyl free radicals and other reactive species which are normally involved in the phenomenon of phagocytosis; and lipid autooxidation, which is generally initiated by a hydroxyl free radical and produces lipidic alkoxy free radicals and hydroperoxides.  
       [0049] It is assumed that the preferred compounds of the formula I also act as enzyme inhibitors. They presumably inhibit histidine decarboxylase, protein kinases, elastase, aldose reductase and hyaluronidase, and therefore enable the intactness of the basic substance of vascular sheaths to be maintained. Furthermore, they presumably inhibit non-specifically catechol O-methyl transferase, causing the amount of available catecholamine and thus the vascular strength to be increased. Furthermore, they inhibit AMP phosphodiesterase, giving the substances potential for inhibiting thrombocyte aggregation.  
       [0050] Owing to these properties, the preparations according to the invention are, in general, suitable for immune protection and for the protection of DNA and RNA. In particular, the preparations are suitable for the protection of DNA and RNA against oxidative attack, against free radicals and against damage due to radiation, in particular UV radiation. A further advantage of the preparations according to the invention is cell protection, in particular protection of Langerhans cells against damage due to the above-mentioned influences. All these uses and the use of the compounds of the formula I for the preparation of preparations which can be employed correspondingly are expressly also a subject-matter of the present invention.  
       [0051] In particular, preferred compositions according to the invention are also suitable for the treatment of skin diseases associated with a defect in keratinisation which affects differentiation and cell proliferation, in particular for the treatment of acne vulgaris, acne comedonica, polymorphic acne, acne rosaceae, nodular acne, acne conglobata, age-induced acne, acne which arises as a side effect, such as acne solaris, medicament-induced acne or acne professionalis, for the treatment of other defects in keratinisation, in particular ichthyosis, ichthyosiform states, Darier&#39;s disease, keratosis palmoplantaris, leucoplasia, leucoplasiform states, herpes of the skin and mucous membrane (buccal) (lichen), for the treatment of other skin diseases associated with a defect in keratinisation and which have an inflammatory and/or immunoallergic component and in particular all forms of psoriasis which affect the skin, mucous membranes and fingers and toenails, and psoriatic rheumatism and skin atopia, such as eczema or respiratory atopia, or hypertrophy of the gums, it furthermore being possible for the compounds to be used for some inflammations which are not associated with a defect in keratinisation, for the treatment of all benign or malignant excrescence of the dermis or epidermis, which may be of viral origin, such as verruca vulgaris, verruca plana, epidermodysplasia verruciformis, oral papillomatosis, papillomatosis florida, and excrescence which may be caused by UV radiation, in particular epithelioma baso-cellulare and epithelioma spinocellulare, for the treatment of other skin diseases, such as dermatitis bullosa and diseases affecting the collagen, for the treatment of certain eye diseases, in particular corneal diseases, for overcoming or combating light-induced skin ageing associated with ageing, for reducing pigmentation and keratosis actinica and for the treatment of all diseases associated with normal ageing or light-induced ageing, for the prevention or healing of wounds/scars of atrophia of the epidermis and/or dermis caused by locally or systemically applied corticosteroids and all other types of skin atrophia, for the prevention or treatment of defects in wound healing, for the prevention or elimination of stretch marks caused by pregnancy or for the promotion of wound healing, for combating defects in tallow production, such as hyperseborrhoea in acne or simple seborrhoea, for combating or preventing cancer-like states or pre-carcinogenic states, in particular promyelocytic leukaemia, for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis, for the treatment of all virus-induced diseases of the skin or other areas of the body, for the prevention or treatment of alopecia, for the treatment of skin diseases or diseases of other areas of the body with an immunological component, for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as arteriosclerosis or hypertension, and of non-insulin-dependent diabetes, and for the treatment of skin problems caused by UV radiation.  
       [0052] Furthermore, compounds of the formula I, such as, for example, tiliroside, have only a weak inherent colour. The weak inherent colour is, for example, a major advantage if an inherent colour of the ingredients is undesired in the products for aesthetic reasons.  
       [0053] In the compounds of the formula I, the alkoxy groups are preferably linear and have from 1 to 12 and preferably from 1 to 8 carbon atoms. These groups thus conform to the formula —O—(CH 2 ) m —H, where m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 and in particular from 1 to 5.  
       [0054] In the compounds of the formula I, the hydroxyalkoxy groups are preferably linear and have from 2 to 12 and preferably from 2 to 8 carbon atoms. These groups thus conform to the formula —O—(CH 2 ) n —OH, where n is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, in particular from 2 to 5 and extremely preferably 2.  
       [0055] If one or more of the radicals Z 1  to Z 4  and Z 6  to Z 10  in the compounds of the formula I are a mono- or oligoglycoside radical, this glycoside radical is bonded directly to the corresponding benzene ring in the formula I via an oxygen atom. The mono- or oligoglycoside radicals are preferably built up from 1 to 3 glycoside units. These units are preferably selected from the group consisting of hexosyl radicals, in particular rhamnosyl radicals and glucosyl radicals. However, other hexosyl radicals, for example allosyl, altrosyl, galactosyl, gulosyl, idosyl, mannosyl and talosyl, may also advantageously be used. It may also be advantageous in accordance with the invention to use pentosyl radicals.  
       [0056] The mono- or oligoglycoside radicals present in the radical Z 5  of the compounds of the formula I are bonded to the group “B” of the formula I via an oxygen atom and are preferably built up from 1 to 3 glycoside units. The preferred units in the radicals Z 1  to Z 4  and Z 6  to Z 10  are also preferred for the mono- or oligoglycoside radical present in the radical Z 5 . The mono- or oligoglycoside radical present in the radical Zs is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of the radicals of glucose, rhamnose and rutinose.  
       [0057] If X, X 1 , X 2  and/or X 3  in the compounds of the formula I are a monoglycoside radical, these glycoside radicals are each bonded to the corresponding benzene ring via an oxygen atom. The preferred units in the radicals Z 1  to Z 4  and Z 6  to Z 10  are also preferred for this monoglycoside radical. If X, X 1 , X 2  and/or X 3  are a monoglycoside radical, the glucose radical is particularly preferred.  
       [0058] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in particular if the water solubility of the compounds of the formula I is to be increased, a polar group, for example, in each case independently of one another, a sulfate or phosphate group, is bonded to one or more hydroxyl groups of the radicals mentioned in the substituents Z 1  to Z 10 . Suitable counterions are, for example, the ions of the alkali or alkaline earth metals, these being selected, for example, from sodium and potassium.  
       [0059] In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, preference is given to the compounds of the formula I in which the radicals having an aromatic component which are present in the substituent Z 5  are bonded to the mono- or oligoglycoside radical likewise present in the radical Z 5  via an ester group —OOC—.  
       [0060] In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, sub-formulae of the formula I are derived from the compounds from the following group: rutin, trishydroxyethylrutin (troxerutin), isoquercetin, trishydroxyethylisoquercetin (troxeisoquercetin) and astragalin, and the sulfates and phosphates thereof.  
       [0061] In a further preferred embodiment, the compounds of the formula I present in the formulations according to the invention are selected from the compounds of the formula IA  
                 
 
       [0062] in which  
       [0063] R 1 , R 2  and R 3  are each, independently of one another, OH, CH 3 COO, an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a monoglycoside radical,  
       [0064] R 4  is a mono- or diglycoside radical, where at least one group selected from  
                 
 
       [0065] where R 5 , R 6  and R 7  may each, independently of one another, be H or have the meaning of the radicals R 1  to R 3 , is bonded to the glycoside radical, in each case via an —O— group, and in which one or more hydrogen atoms in the OH groups of the glycoside radical(s) may each, independently of one another, also be replaced by acetyl or by alkyl radicals having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and where, in each case independently of one another, sulfate or phosphate may also be bonded to one or more hydroxyl groups of the compounds of the formula IA.  
       [0066] In a preferred embodiment, the radical R 2  in the compounds of the formula IA is selected from OH, CH 3 COO and an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms.  
       [0067] In the compounds of the formula IA, all OH groups of the mono- or diglycoside radical of R 4  may be esterified with a group of the formula  
                 
 
       [0068] Preferably, however, only one or two of the radicals derived from these radicals is (are) bonded to the glycoside radical.  
       [0069] If R 4  is a mono- or diglycoside radical in which one or more hydrogen atoms of the OH groups have been replaced by acetyl or alkyl radicals, all OH groups for which replacement is possible have then preferably been replaced by acetyl or alkyl.  
       [0070] Of the alkoxy radicals having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms mentioned in the compounds of the formula IA, the methoxy group is preferred. Of the alkyl radicals having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms mentioned in the compounds of the formula IA, the methyl group is preferred.  
       [0071] The mono- and diglycoside radicals mentioned in the compounds of the formula IA are preferably built up from glucose units.  
       [0072] Preferred compounds IA1 to IA13 selected from the compounds of the formula IA are indicated below:  
                 
 
                 

                 

                 
 
       [0073] In the compounds of the formulae IA1 to IA13 mentioned above, Me is methyl and Ac is acetyl.  
       [0074] Of the compounds of the formula IA, particular preference is given to the compounds of the formulae IA1 and IA2. Very especial preference is given to the compound-of the formula IA1, i.e. tiliroside.  
       [0075] In a further preferred embodiment, the compounds of the formula I present in the formulations according to the invention are selected from the compounds in which  
       [0076] Z 1  to Z 4  and Z 6  to Z 10  are each, independently of one another, H, OH, alkoxy, hydroxyalkoxy, mono- or oligoglycoside radicals and where the alkoxy and hydroxyalkoxy groups may be branched or unbranched and can have from 1 to 18 carbon atoms,  
                 
 
       [0077] Z 5 , n, m, k and M are as defined in claim 1, but the radicals X, X 1 , X 2  and  
       [0078] X 3  present in the substituent Z 5  are each, independently of one another,  
       [0079] OH, an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a monoglycoside radical,  
       [0080] and in which one or more hydrogen atoms in the OH groups of the glycoside radicals mentioned in the substituents Z 1  to Z 10  may each, independently of one another, also be replaced by alkyl radicals having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and where, in each case independently of one another, sulfate or phosphate may also be bonded to one or more hydroxyl groups of the radicals mentioned in the substituents Z 1  to Z 10 .  
       [0081] In these compounds of the formula I, Z 1  to Z 4  and Z 6  to Z 10  are preferably each, independently of one another, H, OH, alkoxy or hydroxyalkoxy.  
       [0082] In a further preferred embodiment, the compounds of the formula IA present in the formulations according to the invention are selected from the compounds in which  
       [0083] R 1 , R 2  and R 3  are each, independently of one another, OH, an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a monoglycoside radical,  
       [0084] R 4  is a mono- or diglycoside radical, where at least one group selected from  
                 
 
       [0085] where R 5 , R 6  and R 7  are each, independently of one another, H, OH, an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a monoglycoside radical, is bonded to the glycoside radical, in each case via an —O— group, and  
       [0086] in which one or more hydrogen atoms in the OH groups of the glycoside radical(s) may each, independently of one another, also be replaced by alkyl radicals having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and where, in each case independently of one another, sulfate or phosphate may also be bonded to one or more hydroxyl groups of the compounds of the formula IA.  
       [0087] In these compounds of the formula IA, R 1  to R 3  are preferably each, independently of one another, OH or an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms.  
       [0088] Some compounds of the formula I, such as, for example, tiliroside, can be isolated from plants, for example from plants of the genera Althaea, Aristolochia, Helianthemum, Lindera, Magnolia, Platanus, Potentilla, Quercus, Rosa, Sida, Sorbus and/or Tilia. These compounds can be processed further either in isolated form or in non-isolated form, i.e., for example, incorporated into formulations in the form of an extract or in the form of a purified extract or alternatively in the form of the pure substance prepared from the plant extract. Of the said genera, the following species are preferred:  Althaea officinalis, Althaea rosea, Aristolochia heterophylla, Helianthemum glomeratum, Lindera megaphylla, Magnolia salicifolia, Platanus acerifolia, Platanus occidentalis, Potentilla anserina, Quercus pubescens, Quercus suber, Quercus laurifolia, Quercus ilex, Quercus imbricaria, Quercus virginiana, Rosa pomifera, Sida rhombifolia, Sida poeppigiana, Sida cordifolia, Sida glaziovii, Sorbus pendula, Tilia argenta  and  Tilia cordata.    
       [0089] If the formulation according to the invention comprises tiliroside, this compound is, in a further preferred embodiment, has been used for the preparation of the formulation in the form of a plant extract, a purified plant extract or in the form of the pure substance prepared from the plant extract. In formulations of this type, the plant extract comprises, for example, from 1 to 100% by weight of tiliroside. In one embodiment, the plant extract preferably comprises from 5 to 90% by weight of tiliroside. In a further embodiment, the plant extract preferably comprises from 30 to 100% by weight, particularly preferably from 60 to 100% by weight and especially preferably from 90 to 100% by weight of tiliroside. In a further preferred embodiment, the plant extract has been isolated by extraction from the  Sida glaziovii  plant.  
       [0090] In all uses according to the invention in which tiliroside is used, tiliroside can be used, for example, in the form of a synthetically prepared substance, in the form of a plant extract, a purified plant extract or an individual substance or in the form of a pure substance isolated from the plant extract. In a preferred embodiment, tiliroside is used in the form of a plant extract, a purified plant extract or in the form of the pure substance prepared from the plant extract.  
       [0091] The compounds of the formula I can be isolated or prepared by methods which are well known to the person skilled in the art and are described in the literature (for example in the standard works, such as Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart).  
       [0092] For example, tiliroside occurs in plants and can be isolated by extraction. The plant extracts are prepared by conventional methods of extraction of the plants or plant parts. Suitable extraction methods may be: maceration, remaceration, digestion, agitation maceration, fluidised-bed extraction, ultrasound extraction, countercurrent extraction, percolation, repercolation, evacolation, diacolation or solid/liquid extraction with continuous reflux, which is carried out in a Soxhlet extractor.  
       [0093] The solvent used for the extraction can be, for example, water or an alcohol.  
       [0094] It can be ascribed to the general knowledge of the person skilled in the art how these extractions can be carried out in detail and the resultant crude extracts can be purified by generally conventional methods.  
       [0095] One possible synthetic route for tiliroside is, for example, also described in B. Vermes, H. Wagner, Stud. Org. Chem. (Amsterdam) (1982), Volume date 1981, 11 (Flavonoids, Bioflavonoids), 161-167 and in B. Vermes, V. M. Chari, H. Wagner, Helv. Chim. Acta (1981), 64(4), 1964-1967.  
       [0096] The synthesis of tiliroside is shown in scheme 1. 4′,7-Dibenzylkaempferol (1) [H. Wagner, H. Danninger, O. Seligmann, M. Nógrádi, L. Farkas, N. Farnsworth, Chem. Ber. 103 (1978) 3768] is reacted with 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-6-O-chloroacetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl bromide (2) in the presence of Ag 2 CO 3  and pyridine to give compound 3. Compound 2 can be prepared by the method described in D. Y. Gagniere, P. J. A. Wottero, Carbohydrate Res. 28 (1973) 1965. Catalytic debenzylation and subsequent careful acetylation of compound 3 gives compound 4, from which compound 5 can be obtained after removal of the chloroacetyl group using thiourea. In this compound, only one hydroxyl group is free, meaning that the esterification of compound 5 can proceed selectively. The esterification using the acid chloride p-acetylcoumaroyl chloride 6 can be carried out in a mixture of pyridine and dichloromethane. An excess of acid chloride and a long reaction time (about 96 hours) at room temperature are necessary to ensure that the esterification proceeds to completion. The final step, the selective saponification of the 7 acetyl groups in compound 7, can be carried out by the method described in G. Zemplén, Chem. Ber. 59 (1926) 1258. This is carried out using a catalytic amount of NaOCH 3  and a calculated amount of methanol.  
                 
 
       [0097] Other compounds of the formula I can be obtained by routine modification of the synthesis shown in scheme 1. Depending on the target molecule, different starting materials are used here, i.e. other optionally protected flavonoids, sugar components and radicals which are to be attached to the sugar component.  
       [0098] The esterification of glycosidic OH groups using aromatic sulfonic acid units can be carried out, for example, by the method described in A. B. Foster et al., J. Chem. Soc. (1954) 3625-3629. After this, the sugar component can, for example, be reacted with a corresponding aromatic sulfonyl chloride in pyridine.  
       [0099] The etherification of glycosidic OH groups using aromatic radicals can be carried out, for example, by the method described in P. Beraud et al., Tetrahedron Let. 30(3) (1989) 325-326. In this Mitsunobu reaction, the etherification is carried out, for example, by dissolving the sugar component in pyridine together with triphenylphosphine PPh 3  and reacting it with a corresponding phenol component and diethyl azodicarboxylate.  
       [0100] The etherification of glycosidic OH groups using radicals of saturated hydrocarbons can be carried out, for example, by the method described in M. Goebel et al., Tetrahedron 53(9) (1997) 3123-3134. The etherification is carried out, for example, by carefully adding sodium hydride to the sugar component in dry dimethylformamide under an inert gas and then carefully reacting the mixture with a suitable alkylating reagent, such as, for example, a corresponding bromide.  
       [0101] The proportion of the compounds of the formula I in the formulation is preferably from 0.001 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.01 to 10% by weight and especially preferably from 0.05 to 5% by weight, based on the formulation as a whole. The proportion of the compounds of the formula I in the formulation is very especially preferably from 0.05 to 2% by weight, based on the formulation as a whole.  
       [0102] The protective action against oxidative stress or against the effect of free radicals can be further improved if the formulation comprises one or more further antioxidants.  
       [0103] There are many proven substances known from the specialist literature which can be used as antioxidants, for example amino acids (for example glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan) and derivatives thereof, imidazoles (for example urocanic acid) and derivatives thereof, peptides, such as D,L-carnosine, D-carnosine, L-carnosine and derivatives thereof (for example anserine), carotinoids, carotenes (for example α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene) and derivatives thereof, chlorogenic acid and derivatives thereof, lipoic acid and derivatives thereof (for example dihydrolipoic acid), aurothioglucose, propylthiouracil and other thiols (for example thioredoxin, glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cystamine and the glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and lauryl, palmitoyl, oleyl, γ-linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters thereof) and salts thereof, dilauryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, thiodipropionic acid and derivatives thereof (esters, ethers, peptides, lipids, nucleotides, nucleosides and salts), and sulfoximine compounds (for example buthionine sulfoximines, homocysteine sulfoximine, buthionine sulfones, penta-, hexa- and heptathionine sulfoximine) in very low tolerated doses (for example pmol to μmol/kg), and also (metal) chelating agents (for example α-hydroxy fatty acids, palmitic acid, phytic acid, lactoferrin), α-hydroxy acids (for example citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid), humic acid, bile acid, bile extracts, bilirubin, biliverdin, EDTA, EGTA and derivatives thereof, unsaturated fatty acids and derivatives thereof, vitamin C and derivatives (for example ascorbyl palmitate, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl acetate), tocopherols and derivatives (for example vitamin E acetate), vitamin A and derivatives (for example vitamin A palmitate), and coniferyl benzoate of benzoin resin, rutinic acid and derivatives thereof, α-glycosyl rutin, ferulic acid, furfurylideneglucitol, carnosine, butylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, trihydroxybutyrophenone, quercetin, uric acid and derivatives thereof, mannose and derivatives thereof, zinc and derivatives thereof (for example ZnO, ZnSO 4 ), selenium and derivatives thereof (for example selenomethionine), stilbenes and derivatives thereof (for example stilbene oxide, trans-stilbene oxide).  
       [0104] Mixtures of antioxidants are likewise suitable for use in the formulations according to the invention. Known and commercial mixtures are, for example, mixtures comprising, as active ingredients, lecithin, L-(+)-ascorbyl palmitate and citric acid (for example Oxynex® AP), natural tocopherols, L-(+)-ascorbyl palmitate, L-(+)-ascorbic acid and citric acid (for example Oxynex® K LIQUID), tocopherol extracts from natural sources, L-(+)-ascorbyl palmitate, L-(+)-ascorbic acid and citric acid (for example Oxynex® L LIQUID), DL-α-tocopherol, L-(+)-ascorbyl palmitate, citric acid and lecithin (for example Oxynex® LM) or butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), L-(+)-ascorbyl palmitate and citric acid (for example Oxynex® 2004).  
       [0105] The proportion of the one or more antioxidants in the formulation is preferably from 0.001 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.01 to 2% by weight, based on the formulation as a whole.  
       [0106] The protective action of the formulations according to the invention against UV radiation and/or oxidative stress can also be improved if the formulation comprises one or more compounds selected from flavonoids and coumaranones in addition to the compounds of the formula I. Flavonoids are taken to mean the glycosides of flavonones, flavones, 3-hydroxyflavones (=flavonols), aurones, isoflavones and rotenoids [Römpp Chemie Lexikon [Römpp&#39;s Lexicon of Chemistry], Volume 9, 1993]. For the purposes of the present invention, however, this term is also taken to mean the aglycones, i.e. the sugar-free constituents, and the derivatives of the flavonoids and aglycones. For the purposes of the present invention, the term flavonoid is furthermore also taken to mean anthocyanidine (cyanidine). For the purposes of the present invention, the term coumaranones is also taken to mean the derivatives thereof.  
       [0107] Preferred flavonoids are derived from flavonones, flavones, 3-hydroxyflavones, aurones and isoflavones, in particular from flavonones, flavones, 3-hydroxyflavones and aurones.  
       [0108] The flavonoids are preferably selected from the following compounds: 4,6,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyaurone, quercetin, rutin, isoquercetin, eriodictyol, taxifolin, luteolin, trishydroxyethylquercetin (troxequercetin), trishydroxyethylrutin (troxerutin), trishydroxyethylisoquercetin (troxeisoquercetin), trishydroxyethylluteolin (troxeluteolin) and the sulfates and phosphates thereof. Of the flavonoids, particular preference is given to rutin and troxerutin. Very especial preference is given to troxerutin.  
       [0109] Of the coumaranones, preference is given to 4,6,3′,4′-tetrahydroxybenzyl-3-coumaranone.  
       [0110] The proportion of the one or more compounds selected from the flavonoids and coumaranones in the formulation is preferably from 0.001 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.01 to 2% by weight, based on the formulation as a whole.  
       [0111] The formulations according to the invention may comprise vitamins as further ingredients. The formulations according to the invention preferably comprise vitamins and vitamin derivatives selected from vitamin A, vitamin A propionate, vitamin A palmitate, vitamin A acetate, retinol, vitamin B, thiamine chloride hydrochloride (vitamin B 1 ), riboflavin (vitamin B 2 ), nicotinamide, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin D, ergocalciferol (vitamin D 2 ), vitamin E, DL-α-tocopherol, tocopherol E acetate, tocopherol hydrogensuccinate, vitamin K 1 , esculin (vitamin P active ingredient), thiamine (vitamin B 1 ), nicotinic acid (niacin), pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine (vitamin B 6 ), pantothenic acid, biotin, folic acid and cobalamine (vitamin B 12 ), particularly preferably vitamin A palmitate, vitamin C, DL-α-tocopherol, tocopherol E acetate, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid and biotin.  
       [0112] The formulations according to the invention may furthermore also comprise, as ingredient, ectoin [(S)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid] and then effect protection of skin cells, in particular protection of Langerhans cells. Formulations comprising tiliroside and ectoin are particularly advantageous.  
       [0113] Addition of 1-(2-hydroxyaryl)alkan-1-one oximes (as described, for example, in EP 0 149 242) and preferably of 2-hydroxy-5-methyllaurophenone oxime provides the formulation according to the invention with an advantageous antiinflammatory action. Particularly advantageous are formulations comprising tiliroside and 2-hydroxy-5-methyllaurophenone oxime in which the said substances are present in a weight ratio of from 1:10 to 10:1. Application forms of formulations of this type are, for example, after sun preparations.  
       [0114] Preference is furthermore also given to formulations according to the invention which comprise tiliroside and 4,6,3′,4′-tetrahydroxybenzyl-3-coumaranone. The said substances are present in these formulations in a weight ratio of from 1:10 to 10:1.  
       [0115] Further active ingredients can also be incorporated into the formulations according to the invention, for example  
       [0116] hydroxyectoin [(S,S)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid] 
       [0117] active ingredients which can serve for wound treatment, such as, for example, allantoin  
       [0118] insect repellents, such as, for example, ethyl 3-[N-n-butyl-N-acetyl] 
       [0119] minopropionate [CAS No. 52304-36-6] 
       [0120] sorbitol for skin care [for example Karion®F liquid or Karion®FP liquid] 
       [0121] biotin  
       [0122] anti-ageing products, such as, for example, mixtures comprising hydroxyproline or derivatives of hydroxyproline, for example mixtures comprising lecithin, hydroxyproline dipalmitate, sitosterol, linoleic acid, tocopherol, sodium ascorbate, mannitol, phenoxyethanol, methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, water [for example RonaCare™ ASC III®] or, for example, mixtures comprising lecithin, hydroxylated lecithin, L-hydroxyproline, disodium rutinyl disulfate, phenoxyethanol, mannitol, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, sitosterol, tocopherol, sodium ascorbate, water [for example RonaCare™ VTA] 
       [0123] bisabolol.  
       [0124] The compounds of the formula I can be incorporated into formulations in a conventional manner. Suitable formulations are those for external use, for example as a cream, lotion, gel or as a solution which can be sprayed onto the skin. It is preferred here for the formulation to comprise at least one oil phase and at least one water phase.  
       [0125] Application forms of the formulations according to the invention which may be mentioned are, for example: solutions, emulsions, PIT emulsions, suspensions, pastes, ointments, gels, creams, soaps, surfactant-containing cleansing preparations, lotions, oils, powders, sprays and aerosols. Further application forms are, for example, sticks, shampoos and shower products. In addition to the compounds of the formula I, any desired conventional excipients, adjuvants and optionally further active ingredients may be added to the formulation.  
       [0126] Preferred adjuvants originate from the group consisting of preservatives, antioxidants, stabilisers, solubilisers, vitamins, colorants, odour improvers, film formers, thickeners and humectants.  
       [0127] Solutions and emulsions can comprise the conventional excipients, such as solvents, solubilisers and emulsifiers, for example water, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butyl glycol, oils, in particular cottonseed oil, groundnut oil, maize oil, olive oil, castor oil and sesame oil, glycerol fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, or mixtures of these substances.  
       [0128] The emulsions can exist in various forms. Thus, they can be, for example, an emulsion or microemulsion of the water-in-oil (W/O) type or of the oil-in-water (O/W) type, or a multiple emulsion, for example of the water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) type.  
       [0129] The formulations may also be in the form of emulsifier-free, disperse formulations. They can be, for example, hydrodispersions or Pickering emulsions.  
       [0130] The formulations may also be in the form of PIT emulsions or hydrogels. The formulations may also comprise liposomes, which include, for example, active ingredients.  
       [0131] Suspensions can comprise the conventional excipients, such as liquid diluents, for example water, ethanol or propylene glycol, suspension media, for example ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol esters and polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminium metahydroxide, bentonite, agar-agar and tragacanth, or mixtures of these substances.  
       [0132] Pastes, ointments, gels and creams can comprise the conventional excipients, for example animal and vegetable fats, waxes, paraffins, starch, tragacanth, cellulose derivatives, polyethylene glycols, silicones, bentonites, silicic acid, talc and zinc oxide, or mixtures of these substances.  
       [0133] Soaps can comprise the conventional excipients, such as alkali metal salts of fatty acids, salts of fatty acid monoesters, fatty acid protein hydrolysates, isethionates, lanolin, fatty alcohol, vegetable oils, plant extracts, glycerol, sugars, or mixtures of these substances.  
       [0134] Surfactant-containing cleansing products can comprise the conventional excipients, such as salts of fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, sulfosuccinic acid monoesters, fatty acid protein hydrolysates, isethionates, imidazolinium derivatives, methyl taurates, sarcosinates, fatty acid amide ether sulfates, alkylamidobetaines, fatty alcohols, fatty acid glycerides, fatty acid diethanolamides, vegetable and synthetic oils, lanolin derivatives, ethoxylated glycerol fatty acid esters, or mixtures of these substances.  
       [0135] Face and body oils can comprise the conventional excipients, such as synthetic oils, such as fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, silicone oils, natural oils, such as vegetable oils and oily plant extracts, paraffin oils, lanolin oils, or mixtures of these substances.  
       [0136] Powders and sprays can comprise the conventional excipients, for example milk sugar, talc, silicic acid, aluminium hydroxide, calcium silicate and polyamide powder, or mixtures of these substances. Sprays can additionally comprise the conventional propellants, for example chlorofluorocarbons, propane/butane or dimethyl ether.  
       [0137] All compounds or components which can be used in the formulations are either known and commercially available or can be synthesised by known processes.  
       [0138] The formulation can comprise adjuvants which are usually used in formulations of this type, such as, for example, thickeners, plasticisers, humectants, interface-active agents, emulsifiers, preservatives, anti-foaming agents, perfumes, waxes, lanolin, propellants, dyes and/or pigments which colour the agent itself or the skin, and other ingredients usually used in cosmetics or dermatology.  
       [0139] The dispersant or solubiliser used can be an oil, wax or other fatty body, a lower monoalcohol or a lower polyol, or mixtures thereof. The particularly preferred monoalcohols or polyols include ethanol, i-propanol, propylene glycol, glycerol and sorbitol.  
       [0140] A preferred embodiment of the invention is an emulsion which is in the form of a protective cream or milk and, in addition to one or more compounds of the formula I, comprises fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, in particular triglycerides of fatty acids, lanolin, natural or synthetic oils or waxes and emulsifiers in the presence of water.  
       [0141] Further preferred embodiments are oily lotions based on natural or synthetic oils and waxes, lanolin, fatty acid esters, in particular triglycerides of fatty acids, or oily/alcoholic lotions based on a lower alcohol, such as ethanol, or a glycol, such as propylene glycol, and/or a polyol, such as glycerol, and oils, waxes and fatty acid esters, such as triglycerides of fatty acids.  
       [0142] Solid sticks consist of natural or synthetic waxes and oils, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, lanolin and other fatty bodies.  
       [0143] If a formulation is in the form of an aerosol, the conventional propellants, such as alkanes, fluoroalkanes and chlorofluoroalkanes, are generally used.  
       [0144] The formulations according to the invention can be prepared with the aid of methods which are well known to the person skilled in the art.  
       [0145] Furthermore, the compounds of the formula I also have a stabilising action on the formulation. On use in corresponding products, the latter therefore also remain stable for longer and do not change their appearance. In particular, the efficacy of the ingredients, for example vitamins, is also retained on extended use or extended storage.  
       [0146] The compounds of the formula I can be converted into a suitable dosage form together with at least one solid, liquid and/or semi-liquid excipient or adjuvant and optionally in combination with one or more further active ingredients.  
       [0147] The formulations can be used as medicaments in human or veterinary medicine. Suitable excipients are also organic or inorganic substances which are suitable for enteral (for example oral), parenteral or topical application and do not react with the compounds of the formula I, in particular of the formula IA, for example water, vegetable oils, benzyl alcohols, alkylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, glycerol triacetate, gelatine, carbohydrates, such as lactose or starch, magnesium stearate, talc and Vaseline. Suitable for oral administration are, in particular, tablets, pills, coated tablets, capsules, powders, granules, syrups, juices or drops, suitable for rectal administration are suppositories, suitable for parenteral administration are solutions, preferably oil-based or aqueous solutions, furthermore suspensions, emulsions or implants, and suitable for topical application are ointments, creams or powders. The compounds of the formula I, in particular of the formula IA, may also be lyophilised and the resultant lyophilisates used, for example, for the preparation of injection preparations. The formulations indicated may be sterilised and/or comprise adjuvants, such as lubricants, preservatives, stabilisers and/or wetting agents, emulsifiers, salts for modifying the osmotic pressure, buffer substances, dyes, flavours and/or a plurality of further active ingredients, for example one or more vitamins.  
       [0148] The compounds of the formula I, in particular of the formula IA, are generally preferably administered in doses of between about 1 and 500 mg, in particular between 5 and 100 mg, per dosage unit. The daily dose is preferably between about 0.02 and 10 mg/kg of body weight. However, the specific dose for each patient depends on a very wide variety of factors, for example on the efficacy of the specific compound employed, on the age, body weight, general state of health, sex, on the diet, on the time and method of administration, on the excretion rate, medicament combination and severity of the particular disease to which the therapy applies.  
       [0149] The pharmaceutical formulations comprising one or more compounds of the formula I, in particular of the formula IA, can be prepared with the aid of methods which are well known to the person skilled in the art.  
       [0150] Even without further comments, it is assumed that a person skilled in the art will be able to utilise the above description in the broadest scope. The preferred embodiments should therefore merely be regarded as descriptive disclosure which is absolutely not to be regarded as limiting in any way.  
       [0151] The complete disclosure content of all applications and publications mentioned above and below is incorporated into this application by way of reference.  
       [0152] The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention. However, they should in no way be regarded as limiting.  
       [0153] All compounds or components which can be used in the formulations are either known and commercially available or can be synthesised by known methods.  
       [0154] The INCI names of the raw materials used are as follows:  
                                   Raw material   INCI name                  Abil WE 09   Polyglyceryl 4-Isostearate, Cetyl           Dimethicone Copolyol, Hexyl Laurate       Antaron V-220   PVP/Eicosene Copolymer       Arlacel 80   Sorbitan Oleate       Arlacel 165 V   Glyceryl Stearate, PEG-100 Stearate       Avocado oil   Persea Gratissima       Beeswax   Beeswax       Biobase ™ EP   Glyceryl Stearate, Cetearyl Alcohol,           Sodium Stearoyl Lactylate, Lecithin       Carbopol ETD 2050   Carbomer       Cetiol V   Decyl Oleate       Cetyl alcohol   Cetyl Alcohol       Cetyl isononanoate   Cetyl Isononanoate       Cutina HR   Hydrogenated Castor Oil       Dimeticon   Dimethicone       Eusolex ® 232   Phenylbenzimidazole Sulfonic Acid       Eusolex ® 2292   Octyl Methoxycinnamate, BHT       Eusolex ® 6300   4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor       Eusolex 8300   4-Methylbenzylidene       Eusolex ® 9020   Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane       Eusolex ® HMS   Homosalate       Eusolex T-Aqua   Aqua (Water), Titanium Dioxide,           Alumina, Sodium Metaphosphate,           Phenoxyethanol, Sodium Methyl-           paraben       Eutanol G   Octyldodecanol       Germaben II   Propylene Glycol, Diazolidinyl Urea,           Methylparaben, Propylparaben       Germaben II-E   Propylene Glycol, Diazolidinyl Urea,           Methylparaben, Propylparaben       Glycerin   Glycerin       Glycerin (87%)   Glycerin       Glycerin (87% extra pure)   Glycerin       Glycerin, anhydrous   Glycerin       Hetester PHA   Propylene Glycol Isoceteth-3 Acetate       Hexyl laurate   Hexyl Laurate       Imwitor 960 K flakes   Glyceryl Stearate SE       Isolan PDI   Diisostearoyl Polyglyceryl 3-           Diisostearate       Isopropyl myristate   Isopropyl Myristate       Isopropyl palmitate   Isopropyl Palmitate       Jojoba oil   Buxus Chinensis (Jojoba Oil)       Karion F liquid   Sorbitol       Keltrol RD   Xanthan Gum       Magnesium sulfate   Magnesium Sulfate       Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate   Magnesium Sulfate       Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate   Methylparaben       Miglyol 812   Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride       Miglyol 812 N   Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride       Miglyol 812, neutral oil   Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride       Mirasil CM5   Cyclomethicone       Mirasil DM 350   Dimethicone       Montanov 68   Cetearyl Alcohol, Cetearyl Glucoside       Sodium chloride   Sodium Chloride       Sodium hydroxide solution, 10%   Sodium Hydroxide       Oxynex ® K   PEG-8, Tocopherol, Ascorbyl           Palmitate, Ascorbic Acid,           Citric Acid       Panthenol-D   Panthenol       Paracera M   Microwax       Paraffin oil, liquid   Mineral Oil       Perfume oil TND-2417   Perfume       Pemulen TR-1   Acrylate/C 10-30  Alkyl Acrylate           Crosspolymer       Pemulen ® TR-2   Acrylate/C 10-30  Alkyl Acrylate           Crosspolymer       Performa ® V 825   Synthetic Wax       Polyglyceryl 2-dipolyhydroxy-   Polyglyceryl 2-Dipolyhydroxystearate       stearate       Prisorine 2021   Isopropyl Isostearate       1,2-Propanediol   Propylene Glycol       Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate   Propylparaben       Rhodicare S   Xanthan Gum       RonaCare ™ ASC III   Aqua, Lecithin, Dipalmitoyl           Hydroxyproline, Phenoxyethanol, Tall           Oil Sterol, Linoleic Acid, Tocopherol,           Sodium Ascorbate, Mannitol,           Methylparaben, Ethylparaben,           Propylparaben, Butylparaben       RonaCare ™ Bisabolol   Bisabolol       RonaCare ™ Ectoin   Ectoin       RonaCare ™ LPO   Lauryl p-Cresol Ketoxime       RonaCare ™ Tocopherol acetate   Tocopheryl Acetate       Sepigel 305   Polyacrylamide, C 13-14  Isoparaffin,           Laureth-7       Raw material   INCI name       SFE 839   Cyclopentasiloxane, Dimethicone/           Vinyldimethicone Crosspolymer       Shea butter   Shea Butter       Steareth-2   Steareth-2       Steareth-10   Steareth-10       Stearic acid   Stearic Acid       DL-α-tocopherol acetate   Tocopherol Acetate       Triethanolamine   Triethanolamine       Triethanolamine extra pure   Triethanolamine       Water, demineralised   Aqua (Water)       Zinc stearate   Zinc Stearate                  
 
     
    
    
     EXAMPLES  
     Example A  
     [0155] Preparation of Sulfated Tiliroside, Sodium Salt  
     [0156] 200 ml of water and 19.4 g of 32% sodium hydroxide solution (155.2 mmol) are added to 29.7 g of tiliroside (50 mmol) with stirring. 19.9 g of pyridine sulfone (125 mmol) are subsequently added, and the pH is adjusted to pH 8 by addition of 32% sodium hydroxide solution. The reaction batch is stirred under N 2  for 12 hours and then filtered, and the filtrate is concentrated to 50 g under reduced pressure (T=60° C.; p=100 mbar). 250 ml of methanol are added dropwise to the concentrated filtrate over the course of 1 hour, and the precipitated solid (sodium sulfate) is filtered off. Drying gives sulfated tiliroside, sodium salt.  
     Example 1 
     [0157]                              Lotion (W/O) for application to the skin                         % by wt.                                     A   Polyglyceryl 2-Dipolyhydroxystearate   5.0           Beeswax   0.5           Zinc Stearate   0.5           Hexyl Laurate   9.0           Cetyl Isononanoate   6.0           Shea Butter   0.5           DL-α-Tocopherol Acetate   1.0           Tiliroside   0.5       B   Glycerin   5.0           Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate   1.0           Preservative   q.s.           Water, Demineralised   to 100                    
     [0158] Preparation  
     [0159] Phase A is heated to 75° C. and phase B to 80° C. Phase B is added slowly to phase A with stirring. After homogenisation, the mixture is cooled with stirring. Perfumes are added at a temperature of 40° C.  
     [0160] The preservatives used are the following:  
     [0161] 0.05% of propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate  
     [0162] 0.15% of methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate  
     Example 2 
     [0163]                              Lotion (W/O) for application to the skin                         % by wt.                                     A   Polyglyceryl 2-Dipolyhydroxystearate   5.0           Beeswax   0.5           Zinc Stearate   0.5           Hexyl Laurate   9.0           Cetyl Isononanoate   6.0           Shea Butter   0.5           DL-α-Tocopherol Acetate   1.0       B   Sulfated Tiliroside, Sodium Salt (Example A)   1.0           Glycerin   5.0           Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate   1.0           Preservative   q.s.           Water, Demineralised   to 100                    
     [0164] Preparation  
     [0165] Phase A is heated to 75° C. and phase B to 80° C. Phase B is added slowly to phase A with stirring. After homogenisation, the mixture is cooled with stirring. Perfumes are added at a temperature of 40° C.  
     [0166] The preservatives used are the following:  
     [0167] 0.05% of propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate  
     [0168] 0.15% of methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate  
     Example 3 
     [0169]                              Lotion (W/O) for application to the skin                         % by wt.                                     A   4,6,3′,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzyl-3-coumaranone   1.0           Polyglyceryl 2-Dipolyhydroxystearate   5.0           Beeswax   0.5           Zinc Stearate   0.5           Hexyl Laurate   9.0           Cetyl Isononanoate   6.0           Shea Butter   0.5           DL-α-Tocopherol Acetate   1.0           Tiliroside   1.0       B   Glycerin   5.0           Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate   1.0           Preservative   q.s.           Water, Demineralised   to 100                    
     [0170] Preparation  
     [0171] Phase A is heated to 75° C. and phase B to 80° C. Phase B is added slowly to phase A with stirring. After homogenisation, the mixture is cooled with stirring. Perfumes are added at a temperature of 40° C.  
     [0172] The preservatives used are the following:  
     [0173] 0.05% of propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate  
     [0174] 0.15% of methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate  
     Example 4 
     [0175]                              A cream (O/W) comprising ectoin is prepared from the following       components:                         % by wt.                                         A   Paraffin, Liquid   (1)   8.0           Isopropyl Myristate   (1)   4.0           Mirasil CM5   (2)   3.0           Stearic Acid   (1)   3.0           Arlacel 165 V   (3)   5.0           Tiliroside       1.0       B   Glycerin (87%)   (1)   3.0           Germaben II   (4)   0.5           Water, Demineralised       to 100       C   RonaCare ™ Ectoin   (1)   1.0                    
     [0176] Preparation  
     [0177] Firstly, phases A and B are heated separately to 75° C. Phase A is then added slowly to phase B with stirring, and stirring is continued until a homogeneous mixture has formed. After homogenisation, the emulsion is cooled to 30° C. with stirring. The mixture is subsequently warmed to 35° C., phase C is added, and the mixture is stirred until homogeneous.  
                               Sources of Supply                                        (1)   Merck KGaA       (2)   Rhodia       (3)   Uniqema       (4)   ISP                  
 
     [0178] Example 5 
                              Topical composition as W/O emulsion                         % by wt.                                         A   Isolan PDI   (2)   3.0           Paraffin Oil, Liquid   (1)   17.0            Isopropyl Myristate       5.0           Beeswax       0.2           Cutina HR   (2)   0.3           Tiliroside       1.0       B   Water, Demineralised       to 100           Glycerin (87%)       4.0           Magnesium Sulfate       1.0           Germaben II-E   (3)   1.0       C   RonaCare ™ LPO   (1)   2.0                  
 
     [0179] Preparation  
     [0180] Phases A and B are heated to 75° C. Phase B is added to phase A with stirring. The mixture is subsequently homogenised for 2 minutes at 9000 rpm using the Turrax. The resultant mixture is cooled to from 30 to 35° C., and C is stirred in.  
                               Sources of supply                                        (1)   Merck KGaA       (2)   Goldschmidt AG       (3)   ISP                  
 
     [0181] Treatment of Neurodermatitis  
     [0182] The base cream used for the experiments described below was Nivea™ cream (Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg). (Ingredients: Aqua, Paraffinum Liquidum, Cera Microcristallina, Glycerin, Lanolin Alcohol (Eucerit®), Paraffin, Magnesium Sulfate Decyl Oleate, Octyidodecanol, Aluminum Stearate, Panthenol, Citric Acid, Magnesium Stearate, Perfume.)  
     Example 1  
     [0183] A female test subject (31) has suffered since birth from chronic neurodermatitis, which is being treated with Prednisolon™. In the acute stage, base cream containing 1% of added tiliroside was applied thinly to the diseased skin areas twice daily for three days. All acute symptoms disappeared completely within 2 days, and no new episode occurred within five weeks. Identical observations were made in the case of recurrences and have since lasted without loss of activity.  
     Example 2  
     [0184] A female test subject (42) suffers from neurodermatitis. Treatment with base cream (1% of added tiliroside) showed a significant improvement in the skin picture compared with tiliroside-free base cream. The reddening disappeared completely with tiliroside-containing base cream.