Patent Publication Number: US-2011051549-A1

Title: Nucleation Ring for a Central Insert

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application claims the priority benefit of U.S. provisional application 61/228,567 filed Jul. 25, 2009, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     The present application is related to U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/228,563 filed Jul. 25, 2009 and entitled “Insert for a Vortex Tube” and U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/165,911 filed Apr. 2, 2009 and entitled “Vortex Tube.” The disclosure of each of the aforementioned applications is incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART 
     The flow pattern of a conventional vortex tube is similar to solid body rotation with zero velocity at the center of rotation and maximum velocity near the tube walls. As fluid inside the tube is expanded under centrifugal force, friction losses become increasingly high. Maximum velocity fluid is pushed onto the tube wall causing large velocity gradients and high shear stresses in the fluid. There is a need for elimination of such gradients and stresses. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1A  illustrates a nozzle with a nucleation ring including grooves. 
         FIG. 1B  is a close up of the nozzle and nucleation ring of  FIG. 1A . 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a conical insert with a spiral vane. 
         FIG. 3A  illustrates a conical insert with a spiral vane. 
         FIG. 3B  illustrates an insert with a cylindrical centerpiece. 
         FIG. 4A  illustrates a CFD model without an insert. 
         FIG. 4B  illustrates a CFD model with an insert. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In a nozzle, grooves may be added to the nozzle wall like those illustrated in  FIGS. 1A and 1B . By introducing these grooves at the exit or end of a nozzle, nucleation may be improved and cavitation may be triggered prior to a fluid entering an expansion tube. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the nucleation ring may be placed at the beginning of a nozzle such that cavitation starts within the nozzle. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a conical insert with a spiral vane. A conical insert with a logarithmic spiral vane will add a rotational component to fluid flow creating a ‘tornado-like’ velocity profile across the pipe cross section. The conical centerpiece may be implemented in the context of the disclosure of U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/228,563 filed Jul. 25, 2009 and entitled “Insert for a Vortex Tube” and U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/165,911 filed Apr. 2, 2009 and entitled “Vortex Tube.” The conical insert stabilizes flow and reduces pressure in the core of the cavitation nozzle. As a result, cavitation is triggered within the nozzle rather than at the sharp edges of a nozzle exit. 
       FIGS. 3A and 3B  illustrate a conical insert with a spiral vane and an insert with a cylindrical centerpiece, respectively, which may be used in the context of the present invention. 
       FIGS. 4A and 4B  illustrate a CFD model without and with an insert, respectively. The CFD results of  FIGS. 4A and 4B  indicate the start of cavitation in the nozzle. Cavitation onset is wanted at the location of highest velocity to reach sonic speed of the mixture. 
     In some embodiments, grooves associated with the nucleation ring or the nucleation ring itself may be introduced to the walls of a flow path within the fluid pathway (e.g., within a manifold). The ring may be introduced as a washer.