Patent Publication Number: US-2023139537-A1

Title: Electronic device

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/019,151, filed 11 Sep. 2020, and entitled “ELECTRICAL CONNECTORS FOR ELECTRONIC DEVICES,” which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/037,987, filed 11 Jun. 2020, and entitled “ELECTRONIC DEVICE,” the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The described embodiments relate generally to electronic devices. More particularly, the present embodiments relate to wearable electronic devices. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Electronic devices are increasingly being designed with device portability in mind, for example to allow users to use these devices in a wide variety of situations and environments. In the context of wearable devices, these devices can be designed to include many different functionalities and to be operated in many different locations and environments. The components of an electronic device, for example, the processors, memory, antennas, display, and other components can partially determine a level of performance of the electronic device. Further, the arrangement of these components with respect to one another in the device can also determine the level of performance of the electronic device. 
     Continued advances in electronic devices and their components have enabled considerable increases in performance. Existing components and structures for electronic devices can, however, limit the levels of performance of such devices. For example, while some components can achieve high levels of performance in some situations, the inclusion of multiple components in devices sized to enhance portability can limit the performance of the components, and thus, the performance of the device. Consequently, further tailoring and arrangement of components for electronic devices to provide additional or enhanced functionality, without introducing or increasing undesirable device properties, can be desirable. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to some aspects of the present disclosure, an electronic device can comprise a housing defining an aperture, a display assembly at least partially positioned in the aperture, the display assembly comprising a substrate comprising a conductive portion, a display layer comprising pixels, the display layer positioned on a first side of the substrate, a touch sensitive layer positioned on the first side of the substrate, an operational component positioned on a second side of the substrate opposite the first side, a flexible electrical connector in electrical communication with the conductive portion and the operational component, the flexible electrical connector comprising an electromagnetic antenna, and a transparent cover overlying the display assembly and secured to the housing. 
     In some examples, the flexible electrical connector comprises a first flexible electrical connector, and the electronic device further comprises a second flexible electrical connector, comprising a display contact portion in electrical communication with the display layer, and a touch contact portion in electrical communication with the touch sensitive layer, the display contact portion and the touch contact portion joined together at an end portion of the second flexible electrical connector. The second flexible electrical connector has an L-shape. The second flexible electrical connector is in electrical communication with the display layer and the touch sensitive layer through the substrate. The second flexible electrical connector is positioned on the second side of the substrate, and the display assembly further comprises a portion of conductive material overlying the display contact portion and spanning an entire width thereof, the conductive material electrically grounding the display contact portion. The portion of conductive material has a thickness of about 100 microns or less. The portion of conductive material comprises a conductive pressure sensitive adhesive. The antenna comprises an NFC antenna. 
     According to some aspects, a housing assembly of an electronic device can comprise a housing component at least partially defining an exterior surface and an internal volume of the electronic device, the housing component further defining an aperture, a first planar surface at least partially surrounding a periphery of the aperture, and a housing sidewall adjacent to at least a portion of a periphery of the first planar surface opposite the aperture, a sealing component adhered to the first planar surface and surrounding the aperture, and a transparent cover overlying the aperture and defining a second planar surface adhered on the sealing component opposite the first planar surface, and a cover sidewall oriented perpendicular to the first planar surface and spaced apart from the housing sidewall by a distance. 
     In some examples, the sealing component comprises a first adhesive layer adhered to the first planar surface, a second adhesive layer adhered to the second planar surface, and a compliant layer disposed between the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer. The compliant layer comprises silicone rubber. The housing assembly can further comprise a first polymer layer disposed between the compliant layer and the first adhesive layer, and a second polymer layer disposed between the compliant layer and the second adhesive layer. The compliant layer has a Shore A hardness of between 5 and 15. The sealing component has a thickness of between 200 microns and 600 microns. The compliant layer has a thickness of between 50 microns and 500 microns. The sealing component prevents ingress of liquids into the internal volume at locations between the housing component and the transparent cover. 
     According to some aspects, an electronic device can comprise a housing at least partially defining an exterior surface and an internal volume of the electronic device, the housing further defining an aperture, a sealing surface at least partially surrounding a periphery of the aperture, and a datum surface offset from the mounting surface and at least partially surrounding the periphery of the aperture, an electromagnetically transparent cover at least partially occluding the aperture and secured to the housing, the electromagnetically transparent cover defining a planar surface having a shape corresponding to a shape of the periphery of the aperture, the planar surface contacting the datum surface and offset from the sealing surface, and a sealing component disposed between and contacting the sealing surface and the planar surface. 
     In some examples, the sealing component comprises a metallic ring having a shape corresponding to a shape of the periphery of the aperture, and a polymer material surrounding the metallic ring. The sealing surface comprises a region that is sloped relative to the sealing surface. The sealing component has a round cross-sectional shape. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
         FIG.  1 A  shows a perspective view of an electronic device. 
         FIG.  1 B  shows a top perspective view of an electronic device. 
         FIG.  1 C  shows a bottom perspective view of the electronic device of  FIG.  1 B . 
         FIG.  1 D  shows an exploded view of an electronic device. 
         FIG.  2 A  shows a top cross-sectional top view of an electronic device. 
         FIG.  2 B  shows a perspective view of a battery of the electronic device of  FIG.  2 A . 
         FIG.  2 C  shows a cross-sectional view of the electronic device of  FIG.  2 A . 
         FIG.  2 D  shows a side view of a components of the electronic device of  FIG.  2 A . 
         FIG.  3 A  shows a side view of a component of an electronic device. 
         FIG.  3 B  shows a perspective view of the component of  FIG.  3 A . 
         FIG.  4 A  shows top and close-up views of a portion of an electronic device. 
         FIG.  4 B  shows a top view of a component of the electronic device of  FIG.  4 A . 
         FIG.  4 C  shows a cross-sectional view of the component of the electronic device of  FIG.  4 A . 
         FIG.  4 D  shows a top view of the component of the electronic device of  FIG.  4 A . 
         FIG.  4 E  shows a top view of the component of the electronic device of  FIG.  4 A  in an alternative configuration. 
         FIG.  5 A  shows an exploded view of a portion of an electronic device. 
         FIG.  5 B  shows a cross-sectional view of the electronic device of  FIG.  5 A . 
         FIG.  5 C  shows an exploded view of a component of the electronic device of  FIG.  5 A . 
         FIG.  6 A  shows a top cross-sectional view of an electronic device. 
         FIG.  6 B  shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of the electronic device of  FIG.  6 A . 
         FIG.  6 C  shows a cross-sectional view of a component of the electronic device of  FIG.  6 A . 
         FIG.  6 D  shows a rear view of the component of the electronic device of  FIG.  6 A . 
         FIG.  7 A  shows a partially unassembled view of an electronic device. 
         FIG.  7 B  shows a top view of a portion of the electronic device of  FIG.  7 A . 
         FIG.  7 C  shows a top view of a portion of the electronic device of  FIG.  7 A . 
         FIG.  8 A  shows a bottom perspective view of a portion of an electronic device. 
         FIG.  8 B  shows a bottom perspective view of a portion of the electronic device of  FIG.  8 A . 
         FIG.  8 C  shows a top view of a portion of the electronic device of  FIG.  8 A . 
         FIG.  8 D  shows a top view of a portion of the electronic device of  FIG.  8 A . 
         FIG.  9    shows a perspective view of a component of an electronic device. 
         FIG.  10 A  shows an exploded view of a portion of an electronic device. 
         FIG.  10 B  shows a cross-sectional view of the electronic device of  FIG.  10 A . 
         FIG.  11 A  shows an exploded view of a portion of an electronic device. 
         FIG.  11 B  shows a cross-sectional view of a component of the electronic device of  FIG.  11 A . 
         FIG.  11 C  shows a rear view of a component of the electronic device of  FIG.  11 A . 
         FIG.  12 A  shows an exploded view of a portion of an electronic device. 
         FIG.  12 B  shows a top view of a portion of the electronic device of  FIG.  12 A . 
         FIG.  12 C  shows a cross-sectional view of the portion of the electronic device of  FIG.  12 A . 
         FIG.  12 D  shows a cross-sectional view of the portion of the electronic device of  FIG.  12 A . 
         FIG.  12 E  shows a cross-sectional view of a component of an electronic device. 
         FIG.  12 F  shows a cross-sectional view of a component of an electronic device. 
         FIG.  12 G  shows a cross-sectional view of a component of an electronic device. 
         FIG.  13 A  shows a perspective view of a component of an electronic device. 
         FIG.  13 B  shows a top view of the component of  FIG.  13 A . 
         FIG.  13 C  shows a perspective view of a component of an electronic device. 
         FIG.  13 D  shows a top view of the component of  FIG.  13 C . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to representative embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following descriptions are not intended to limit the embodiments to one preferred embodiment. To the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be included within the spirit and scope of the described embodiments as defined by the appended claims. 
     The architecture and components of the electronic devices described herein can allow for configurations and designs that can maximize the available space or volume in an internal volume defined by a housing of the device that is available to be occupied by one or more components. For example, certain aspects of device performance, such as battery life, can be improved by increasing the size or volume of the battery of the device. Additionally, or alternatively, the device itself could be reduced in size while achieving similar or even improved levels of performance. 
     In addition to saving space or providing other useful or desirable features, the architectures and components described herein can also present challenges to traditional techniques for grounding or tuning antennas present in the device. Accordingly, the devices and components described herein can include configurations and features that allow for the optimization and improvement of the performance of one or more antennas contained in such a device. For example, one or more components can act as both operational components and antenna radiating elements. The grounding of various components of the device, as well as the antennas, can also be controlled, tuned, or designed in order to achieve desired levels of performance. 
     These and other embodiments are discussed below with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 13 D . However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these Figures is for explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. 
       FIG.  1 A  shows an example of an electronic device  100 . The electronic device shown in  FIG.  1 A  is a watch, such as a smartwatch. The smartwatch of  FIG.  1 A  is merely one representative example of a device that can be used in conjunction with the systems and methods disclosed herein. Electronic device  100  can correspond to any form of wearable electronic device, a portable media player, a media storage device, a portable digital assistant (“PDA”), a tablet computer, a computer, a mobile communication device, a GPS unit, a remote control device, or other electronic device. The electronic device  100  can be referred to as an electronic device, or a consumer device. In some examples, the electronic device  100  can include a housing  101  that can carry operational components, for example, in an internal volume at least partially defined by the housing. The electronic device  100  can also include a strap  103 , or other retaining component that can secured the device  100  to a body of a user as desired. Further details of the electronic device are provided below with reference to  FIG.  1 B . 
       FIG.  1 B  illustrates a smartwatch  200  that can be substantially similar to, and can include some or all of the features of the devices described herein, such as electronic device  100 . The device  200  can include a housing  202 , and a display assembly  210  attached to the housing. The housing  202  can substantially define at least a portion of an exterior surface of the device  200 . 
     The display assembly  210  can include a glass, a plastic, or any other substantially transparent exterior layer, material, component, or assembly. The display assembly  210  can include multiple layers, with each layer providing a unique function, as described herein. Accordingly, the display assembly  210  can be, or can be a part of, an interface component. The display assembly  210  can define a front exterior surface of the device  200  and, as described herein, this exterior surface can be considered an interface surface. In some examples, the interface surface defined by display assembly  210  can receive inputs, such as touch inputs, from a user. 
     In some examples, the housing  202  can be a substantially continuous or unitary component and can define one or more openings to receive components of the electronic device  200 . In some examples, the device  200  can include input components such as one or more buttons  224  and/or a crown  222  that can be disposed in the openings. In some examples, a material can be disposed between the buttons  224  and/or crown  222  and the housing  202  to provide an airtight and/or watertight seal at the locations of the openings. The housing  202  can also define one or more openings or apertures, such as aperture  204  that can allow for sound to pass into or out of the internal volume defined by the housing  202 . For example, the aperture  204  can be in communication with a microphone component disposed in the internal volume. In some examples, the housing  202  can define or include a feature, such as an indentation  206  to removably couple the housing  202  and a strap or retaining component. 
       FIG.  1 C  shows a bottom perspective view of the electronic device  200 . The device  200  can include a back cover  230  that can be attached to the housing  202 , for example, opposite the display assembly  210 . The back cover  230  can include ceramic, plastic, metal, or combinations thereof. In some examples, the back cover  230  can include an at least partially electromagnetically transparent component  232 . The electromagnetically transparent component  232  can be transparent to any desired wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, such as visible light, infrared light, radio waves, or combinations thereof. In some examples, the electromagnetically transparent component  232  can allow sensors and/or emitters disposed in the housing  202  to communicate with the external environment. Together, the housing  202 , display assembly  210  and back cover  230  can substantially define an internal volume and an external surface of the device  200 . 
       FIG.  1 D  illustrates an exploded view of a smartwatch  300  that can be substantially similar to, and can include some or all of the features of the devices described herein, such as electronic devices  100  and  200 . The device  300  can include a housing  302 , a display assembly  310 , and a back cover  330 . Together, the housing  302 , display assembly  310 , and back cover  330  can define an exterior surface and an internal volume of the device  300 . 
     The housing  302  can be a substantially continuous or unitary component, and can define one or more openings  304 ,  306 ,  308  to receive components of the electronic device  300  and/or to provide access to an internal portion of the electronic device  300 . In some examples, the device  300  can include input components such as one or more buttons  348  and/or a crown  344  that can be disposed in the openings  306 ,  308 . A microphone  346  can be disposed in the internal volume in communication with the external or ambient environment through the opening  304 . 
     The display assembly  310  can be received by and can be attached to the housing  302 . The display assembly can include a cover  314  including a transparent material, such as plastic, glass, and/or ceramic. The display assembly  310  can also include a display stack  312  that can include multiple layers and components, each of which can perform one or more desired functions. For example, the display stack  312  can include a display layer  312  that can include a touch detection layer  965  or component and one or more display layers or components that can include one or more pixels and/or light emitting portions to display visual content and/or information to a user. In some examples, the display layer or component  312  can include a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, and/or any other form of display. The display layer  312  can also include one or more electrical connectors (e.g., conductive portions  955  and  957  shown in  FIG.  7 A ) to provide signals and/or power to the display layer  312  from other components of the device  300 . 
     In some examples, the device  300  can include a gasket or seal  316  that can be disposed between the display assembly  310  and the housing  302  to substantially define a barrier to the ingress of liquids or moisture into the internal volume from the external environment at the location of the seal  316 . As described herein, the seal  316  can include polymer, metal, and/or ceramic materials. The device  300  can also include a seal  334  that can be disposed between the housing  302  and the back cover  330  to substantially define a barrier to the ingress of liquids or moisture into the internal volume from the external environment at the location of the seal  334 . In some examples, the display assembly  310  can optionally include a force sensitive layer or component. For example, the force sensitive layer can be located near or adjacent to the seal  316 , although the force sensitive component can be located or positioned at any desired location of the display assembly  310 . Further, in some examples, the gasket  316  can be compliant and can allow for a desired amount of deformation to enable the cover  314  or other portions of the display assembly  310  to move relative to the housing  302 . In some examples, this amount of movement can be used by a force sensitive layer of the display assembly  310  to detect an amount of force applied to the cover  314 . In some examples, and as described herein, this movement can serve to dissipate force applied to the cover  314  during high force events. As described herein, the seal  334  can include polymer, metal, and/or ceramic materials. The seal  334  can be substantially similar to and can include some or all of the features of the seal  316 . 
     The device  300  can also include internal components, such as a haptic engine  324 , a battery  322 , and a logic board  340 , also referred to as a main logic board  340  that can include a system in package (SiP)  342  disposed thereon, including one or more integrated circuits, such as processors, sensors, and memory. The SiP can also include a package. 
     In some examples, internal components can be disposed below the main logic board  340  and can be disposed at least partially in a portion of the internal volume defined by the back cover  330 . For example, the device  300  can include an electromagnetic shielding component, otherwise referred to as an e-shield  352  that can shield other components in the device  300  from electromagnetic radiation from the ambient environment and/or as emitted by other components in the device  300 . The device  300  can also include a second logic board  350  that can be in communication with one or more sensors or emitters of the device  300 , for example to receive information or signals from an external environment. In some examples, the second logic board  350  can also include a SiP. In some examples, the device  300  can include one or more wireless antennas, such as the antenna  354  that can be in electrical communication with one or more other components of the device  300 . In some examples, the antenna  354  can receive and/or transmit wireless signals at one or more frequencies and can be, for example, one or more of a cellular antenna such as an LTE antenna, a Wi-Fi antenna, a Bluetooth antenna, a GPS antenna, a multifrequency antenna, and the like. The antenna  354  can be communicatively coupled to one or more additional components of the electronic device  300   
     The internal components can be disposed within the internal volume defined at least partially by the housing  302 , and can be affixed to the housing  302  via adhesives, internal surfaces, attachment features, threaded connectors, studs, posts, or other features, that are formed into, defined by, or otherwise part of the housing  302  and/or the cover  318  and/or back cover  330 . 
     Any number or variety of components in any of the configurations described herein can be included in an electronic device, as described herein. The components can include any combination of the features described herein, and can be arranged in any of the various configurations described herein. The structure and arrangement of components of a device, as well as the concepts regarding their use can apply not only to the specific examples discussed herein, but to any number of embodiments in any combination. Various examples of electronic devices and electronic device components including some having various features in various arrangements are described below, with reference to  FIGS.  2 A- 3 B . 
       FIG.  2 A  shows a top cross-sectional view of an electronic device that can be substantially similar to, and can include some or all of the features of the electronic devices described herein. In some examples, a housing  402  can define an internal volume with components contained therein. Several components have been omitted for simplicity, but the housing  402  can contain a battery  422  and a haptic feedback module  424  positioned near or adjacent to the battery  422 . Other components of the device can also be positioned near the battery, such as a crown  444 , a microphone module  446 , and a button  448 . 
     In order to maximize the size of the battery  422 , and thus maximize the performance of the device, it can be desirable to have as large a battery as possible and to arrange the components of the device to allow for a relatively large battery volume. In some examples, the battery  422  is rechargeable. In some examples, the battery can be greater than about 240 milliamp hours (mAh), greater than about 250 mAh, greater than about 260 mAh, greater than about 270 mAh, or greater than about 280 mAh, or more. The battery  422  can be any type of battery desired, such as a lithium-ion battery, lithium polymer battery, metal-air battery, nickel-containing battery, or any form of battery developed in the future. 
     Further, the position of the battery  422  and the volume or space between the battery and adjacent components can influence the performance of one or more antennas of the device. In some examples, a distance between the exterior of the battery  422  and an adjacent component can be at least about 0.3 mm, at least about 0.4 mm, at least about 0.5 mm, or at least about 0.6 mm. Accordingly, the battery can be fixed in a desired location by one or more components. For example, the battery  422  can be fixed to the housing  402  or another component of the device by adhesives, such as pressure sensitive adhesives, by fixtures such as screws that can mate with or pass through features defined by a flange located on the battery  422 . Further, the location of the battery  422  can be fixed with the use of brackets, shims, foams, or combinations thereof. 
       FIG.  2 B  shows a perspective view of the battery  422  including a battery housing that includes a top portion or wall  427 , a bottom portion or wall (now shown), and sidewalls  425 . The top portion  427  can overhang the sidewalls  425  at one or more locations to define a flange or a shelf  426  that can protrude at least partially beyond a plane defined by a sidewall. The battery  422  can also include one or more operational or electronic components, such as a processor or a controller, a printed circuit board, and the like, that can regulate the power flow between the battery  422  and other components of the device. In some examples, the electronic components of the battery  422  can be overmolded or encased with a polymeric material to form a system in package (SiP)  423  that is in electrical communication with the battery  422 . The overmold material can serve to support the components on a printed circuit board and can reduce the amount of stress experienced by solder joints between the components and the board, thereby requiring a smaller amount of solder to achieve a reliable electrical connection. Accordingly, a battery  422  including a SiP  423  including a processor can have a smaller overall size while maintaining the same electrical capacity as a traditional battery. 
       FIG.  2 C  shows a cross-sectional view of the electronic device of  FIG.  2 A , showing the battery  422  positioned adjacent to the housing  402 , with the flange  426  of the battery protruding over a portion of a sidewall of the housing  402  that at least partially defines the internal volume of the device. In this way, the shape of the battery  422  can be contoured to the housing  402  and/or any available volume within the housing to provide a battery  422  having as large a volume as desired without requiring significant modifications to the architecture or design of the device or its components. Additionally, as shown, the transitions between portions of the exterior of the battery  422  can be substantially curved. 
       FIG.  2 D  shows a side view of the battery  422  and the adjacent haptic feedback module  424 . As can be seen, the height of the flange  426  of the battery  422  can correspond to the height of the haptic feedback module  424  in order to maximize the available volume of the battery  422 . In some examples, the height of the flange  426  can be higher or above the height of the haptic feedback module  424  in order to enable at least a portion of the haptic feedback module  424  to nest under the flange  426 . Further, portions of the haptic feedback module  424 , such as electronic components and/or flexible electrical connectors  429  can be sized, shaped, and positioned to fit below the flange  426  of the battery in order to enable the battery  422  to be positioned relatively close to the haptic feedback module  424  or other components, thereby allowing for a larger available battery volume, and thus, a larger available capacity. As used herein, the term flexible electrical connector can be used to refer to any type of flexible electrical component or circuit that can be electrically coupled to one or more other components of the device. A flexible electrical connector can also be referred to as a ribbon cable or ribbon connector. The flexible electrical connector can be connected to one or more components by a permanent or semi-permanent connection, such as soldering, and/or the flexible electrical connector can include a connection portion that can removably or attachably couple to a corresponding portion on a component to provide an electrical connection. 
     In some examples, the haptic feedback module  424  can be secured or affixed to the housing or other structure by a bracket  430 . In some examples, the bracket  430  can define one or features to receive one or more retention components  432 . In some examples, a retention component  432  can pass through an aperture defined by the bracket  430  to be received and/or retained by a corresponding retention feature  431  defined by the housing or another structural component of the device. In some examples, the retention component  432  can comprise a screw, bolt, or rivet. In some examples, the retention component  432  can define threads and the retention feature  431  can define corresponding threads. 
     In some examples, the bracket  430  can be secured by one, two, three, four, or even more retention components  432 . For example, the bracket  430  can be secured by two retention components  432 . In some examples, the retention components  432  can be disposed at a single end or region of the bracket  430  so that the bracket  403  is cantilevered. 
     In some examples, one or more of the retention components  432  can be at least partially disposed below at least a portion of the battery  422 . This design can allow for the haptic feedback module  424  to be securely fastened to the device with a bracket  430  while still allowing for the haptic feedback module  424  to be positioned close or adjacent to the battery  422 . For example, the battery  422  can define a curved region or edge  421  and the retention component  432  can be positioned below and/or adjacent to the curved region  421 . In some examples, the curved region  421  can have a two-dimensional curvature or a three-dimensional curvature. In some examples, the retention component  432  can have a top portion that defines a curved surface. In some examples, the curved surface of the retention component  432  can allow for the retention component  432  to be nested or positioned at least partially below the battery  422 , such as below the curved region  421 . Further details of a haptic feedback module are described below with reference to  FIGS.  3 A and  3 B . 
       FIG.  3 A  shows a side view of a haptic feedback module  524  that can be substantially similar to, and can include some or all of the features of the components described herein, such as haptic feedback module  424 . As can be seen, the haptic feedback module  524  can include a housing or an enclosure  525  that can at least partially define a module volume and an internal volume housing parts or components of the haptic feedback module  524 , such as a translatable mass, and an actuator or motor for translating the mass, for example, in a linear manner. The enclosure  525  can have a substantially rectangular or rectangular prismatic shape, although the enclosure  525  can be substantially any desired shape. In some examples, a transition between a top surface of the enclosure  525  and side surfaces can be substantially curved or rounded, for example, to provide clearance for adjacent components, such as a battery, as described with reference to  FIGS.  2 A- 2 D . In some examples, the enclosure  525  can be a substantially unitary component, or can be a two-part component. 
     The haptic feedback module  524  can also include an electrical connector  528  that can be in electrical communication with, and can provide signals to and from, other components of the device. In some examples, the flexible connector  528  can be attached to a connection portion  529 . In some examples, the bend radius of the flexible electrical connector  528  can be selected to have a relatively small radius of curvature and to allow the haptic feedback module  524  to be positioned near or adjacent to the other components, such as a battery, or the housing of the device.  FIG.  3 B  shows a perspective view of the haptic feedback module  524 , including the rounded transitions  523  from the top portion of the enclosure  525  to the side portions, as well as the location of the flexible connector  528 . 
     Any number or variety of components in any of the configurations described herein can be included in an electronic device as described herein. The components can include any combination of the features described herein and can be arranged in any of the various configurations described herein. The structure and arrangement of components of a device, as well as the concepts regarding can apply not only to the specific examples discussed herein, but to any number of embodiments in any combination. Various examples of electronic devices and electronic device components including those having various features in various arrangements are described below, with reference to  FIGS.  4 A- 5 C . 
       FIG.  4 A  shows partial top view of an electronic device  600  that can be substantially similar to, and can include some or all of the features of, the devices described herein, such as device  300 . The device  600  can include a housing  602  that can at least partially define an exterior surface and an internal volume of the device. The housing  602  can also define one or more apertures  604  that can be in communication with a portion of the internal volume and the ambient environment. 
     As shown, one or more components or modules can be disposed at the aperture  604 , such as a speaker module  626  that can be in communication with the ambient environment, and that can also act as a seal or a barrier between the ambient environment and the internal volume. In some example situations, such as when the device  600  is submerged in water, the relatively large area of the speaker module  626  that is exposed to the environment can be subjected to relatively high amounts of water pressure, shown as arrows in  FIG.  4 A . That is, immersion of the device  600  in water, or other environments, can result in a high load or force being applied to the speaker module  626 . Accordingly, it can be desirable for the speaker module  626  to have a high level of stiffness to resist deformation or flexure in response to this force in order to maintain a barrier or seal and prevent ingress of the water or environmental contaminants into the internal volume. Further, because the speaker module  626  is disposed in the internal volume, it can be desirable for the speaker module  626  to be as thin as possible in order to maximize the area or volume available for other components, such as a battery  622 . 
       FIG.  4 B  shows a top cross-sectional view of the speaker module  626  shown in  FIG.  4 A . The speaker module  626  can include a housing or enclosure  634 . a seal or gasket  635 , a membrane or diaphragm  636 , and an integrated acoustic and support component  632  that can be involved in driving the diaphragm  636  to produce acoustic signals or sounds, as well as providing stiffness and structural support to the speaker module  626 . The speaker module  626  can further include one or more other operational components or sensors, for example that may have a reason to communicate with the ambient environment. In some examples, the speaker module  626  can also include a pressure sensor module  640 . In some examples, the gasket  635  can contact one or more surfaces of the housing  602  to define a seal between the ambient environment and the internal volume defined by the housing  602 . 
       FIG.  4 C  shows a cross-sectional view of the speaker module  626  taken along the line shown in  FIG.  4 B . As seen, the speaker module  626  can include an enclosure  634  that can include attachment features for affixing the speaker module  626  to the housing  602 , and that can further seal against the housing  602  to provide a barrier to the ingress or liquid or contaminants into the internal volume of the housing  602 . The speaker module  626  also includes an integrated acoustic and support component  632 . This component can include a support member  642  that can provide structural support to the speaker module  626  to substantially prevent flexure or deformation of the module  626  under applied loads. The support member  642  can include a metallic material, such as steel. In some examples, the support member  642  can include a stainless steel alloy, such as 316 stainless steel or 17-4 stainless steel. 
     In some examples, the support member  642  can be formed by any combination of additive and/or subtractive manufacturing processes. For example, the support member  642  can be a metal injection molded (MIM) part. In some examples, the support member can also be subjected to one or more processes to achieve a desired level of flatness. For example, a MIM support member  642  can be restruck in a stamping process to achieve a desired level of flatness. In some examples, the support member  642  can have a flatness of less than about 0.05, less than about 0.04, or even less than about 0.03 or smaller. Further, the speaker module  626  can have a width Wi that is less than about 4 mm, less than about 3.5 mm, less than about 3.2 mm, or less than about 3.1 mm or smaller. As used herein, the term flatness can refer to the separation distance between two imaginary parallel planes that bound the uppermost and lowermost points of the surface being measured. 
     The acoustic and support component  632  can further include one or more magnets, such as magnets  644 ,  646 , and  648  that are affixed or bonded directly to the support member  642 . In some examples, the magnets  644 ,  646 ,  648  can be bonded to the support member  642  by any desired method, such as welding, brazing, an adhesive, or combinations thereof. The magnets  644 ,  646 ,  648  can be used to drive the diaphragm  636  to produce acoustic signals or sounds. The magnets  644 ,  646 ,  648  can include any desired magnetic material and can be permanent, semi-permanent, or electromagnets, as desired. The acoustic and support component  632  can further include a ring or a plate  645  that can also be bonded or affixed to the magnets  644 ,  646 ,  648 , for example, in the same or a similar manner as the support member  642 . The ring  645  can include any desired material, such as polymeric and/or metallic materials, including steel. The ring  645  can then be affixed to the enclosure  634 , as desired. Accordingly, in some examples, the integrated acoustic and support component  632  can provide sufficient stiffness and robustness to the speaker module  626  to provide water resistance for the device  600  to a depth of at least about 25 m, at least about 50 m, or at least about 75 m or more. 
       FIG.  4 D  shows a rear view of the speaker module  626  including an integrated acoustic and support component  632 . An operational component, such as a pressure sensor  640  (obscured by the acoustic and support component  632  in this view) can be mounted to the acoustic and support component  632 . Both the pressure sensor  640  and components of the speaker module  626 , such as the magnets and/or driving components can be in electrical communication with other components of the device  600 , such as one or more processors, through an integrated flexible connector  650 . That is, a single flexible connector  650  can include a first portion  652  in communication with speaker components, and a second portion  654  in communication with the sensor  640 . These portions can be connected to a single connection point  656  that can be in communication with other components in the device  600 . 
       FIG.  4 E  shows a rear view of the speaker module  626  including the integrated flexible connector  650  folded around the acoustic and structural component  632  in a configuration as would be desired when the speaker module is assembled into the device  600 . As can be seen, the flexible connector  650 , or portions thereof, can lay substantially flat against the acoustic and structural component  632  to save space and to provide the connection point  656  in a desired orientation and location for connection to other components of the device  600 . Further details of additional audio components are provided with respect to  FIGS.  5 A-C . 
       FIG.  5 A  shows an exploded view of a portion of an electronic device  700  that can be substantially similar to and can include some or all of the features of the device described herein. The device  700  can include a housing  702  that can at least partially define an exterior surface and an internal volume of the device  700 . The housing  702  can also define one or more apertures  704  that can be in communication with a portion of the internal volume and the ambient environment. 
     As shown, one or more components or modules can be disposed at the aperture  704 , such as a microphone module  746 , that can be in communication with the ambient environment, and that can also act as a seal or barrier between the ambient environment and the internal volume. 
       FIG.  5 B  shows a cross-sectional view of the electronic device  700  including the housing  702  and the microphone module  746  sealed to the housing  702  inside a recess or a cavity. In some examples, by designing the microphone module  746  and housing  702  such that a relatively large volume of the microphone module  746  is disposed within the cavity defined by a wall of the housing, additional space in the internal volume defined by the housing  702  can be freed up for use by other components or for a reduction in device  700  size. Further, it can be desirable to provide a microphone module  746  that is as thin as possible for these same reasons. 
     In some examples, the microphone module includes an enclosure  750  that can include any desired material, such as polymeric materials or plastics. The enclosure can retain the other components of the microphone module  746  which can be affixed thereto. In some examples, a seal  754  can be affixed, bonded, or otherwise secured to the enclosure  750 . The seal  754  can include a compliant material, such as a polymeric material like rubber or plastic. In some examples, the seal  754  can include silicone or silicone rubber. In some examples, the seal  754  can be overmolded onto the enclosure  750  and can directly contact the enclosure and the housing  702  to provide a seal or barrier between the ambient environment and the internal volume of the device  700 . 
     The microphone module  746  can further include a grill  752  that can be positioned at or near the aperture  704 . The grill  752  can be secured to the enclosure  750  and can act as a physical barrier to prevent objects, such as dust or rocks, from entering the aperture  704  and damaging the microphone module  746 . The grill  752  can be permeable to air or liquid, and acoustic signals can pass therethrough to the membrane or diaphragm  758 . The diaphragm can be coupled to one or more electronic components  756  that can convert the movement of the diaphragm in response to acoustic signals into electrical signals that can be communicated to other components of the device  700  through an electrical connector  760 . 
       FIG.  5 C  shows an exploded view of portions of the microphone module  746 , including the seal  754 , the enclosure  750  that defines an aperture, the air or liquid permeable grill  752  that can be affixed to the enclosure  750  at or over the aperture, and the diaphragm  758  that can be affixed or secured to the enclosure  750  by an adhesive  757 , such as a pressure sensitive adhesive. 
     Any number or variety of components in any of the configurations described herein can be included in an electronic device, as described herein. The components can include any combination of the features described herein and can be arranged in any of the various configurations described herein. The structure and arrangement of components of a device, as well as the concepts regarding its use can apply not only to the specific examples discussed herein, but to any number of embodiments in any combination. Various examples of electronic devices and electronic device input components including those having various features in various arrangements are described below, with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D . 
       FIG.  6 A  shows a top cross-sectional view of an electronic device  800  that can be substantially similar to, and can include some or all of the features of the electronic devices described herein. In some examples, a housing  802  can define an internal volume with components contained therein. Several components have been omitted for simplicity, but the housing  802  can contain a battery  822 , as well as various input components, such as a crown  844 , and a button  848 . It can be desirable for these modules to be as small and as thin as possible, while still providing a desired level of functionality, in order to allow room for other components, such as the battery  822  to occupy the internal volume or to reduce the size of the internal volume, and thus the overall size of the device  800 . 
       FIG.  6 B  shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of the device  800  including the battery  822  and the button module  848 . As described with respect to the battery  422 , the battery  822  can include a top portion that overhangs and extends past a sidewall to define a flange or shelf  823  that can allow for additional battery capacity. The button module  848  can include a bracket  856  that can secure the button module  848  to the housing (not shown). An input portion  852  of the button module  848  can define an exterior surface of the module  848  and can protrude at least partially through an aperture defined by the housing to partially define an exterior surface of the device  800 . The input portion  852  can be coupled to the bracket  856  through a mechanism  854  that can allow the button  848  to be actuated by a user, for example, by depressing the input portion  852  with an extremity. 
     In some examples, the bracket  856  can define a groove  857  that can be positioned in line with the flange  823  of the battery  822 . Further, a flexible electrical connector  860  that can provide electrical communication between other components of the device  800 , such as a display and a processor, can be routed to pass over the bracket  856 . In some examples, the flexible connector  860  can be secured to the bracket  856 , for example, by an adhesive  858 , such as a pressure sensitive adhesive, to maintain a desired position of the flexible connector  860 . The retention of the flexible connector  860  in this desired location can boost or assist with the performance and/or tuning of one or more antennas of the device  800 . 
     Additionally, during a drop event or the exertion of a high force on the device  800 , the battery  822  can shift or move slightly relative to the housing  802  and the bracket  856 . The groove  857  is positioned and sized such that any such shift of the battery  822  will cause the flange  823  to merely deflect the flexible connector  860  into the groove  857 , rather than compressing the flexible connector  860  between the flange  823  and the bracket  856 , potentially causing damage. As such, the architecture of the bracket  856  and battery  822  can provide for increased reliability in the device  800 . 
       FIG.  6 C  shows a top cross-sectional view of the button module  848 , including the input portion  852  coupled to the mechanism  854  and the bracket  856 . As shown, the bracket can define one or more retention features that can receive and retain one or more retention components, such as screws  872 ,  874 .  FIG.  6 D  shows a rear view of the bracket  856 , including the retention features, here apertures  862 ,  864 , that are sized and shaped to receive the retention components  872 ,  874 , respectively, to retain the input portion  852  and mechanism  854  on the bracket  856 . 
     Any number or variety of components in any of the configurations described herein can be included in an electronic device, as described herein. The components can include any combination of the features described herein and can be arranged in any of the various configurations described herein. The structure and arrangement of components of a device, as well as the concepts regarding the use and functionality thereof can apply not only to the specific examples discussed herein, but to any number of embodiments in any combination. Various examples of electronic devices and electronic device antenna and display components including having various features in various arrangements are described below, with reference to  FIGS.  7 A- 9   . 
       FIG.  7 A  shows a partially unassembled view of an electronic device  900  that can be substantially similar to, and can include some or all of the features of, the electronic devices described herein, such as devices  200 ,  300 . The device  900  is shown in the same orientation as the device  200  as illustrated in  FIG.  1 C , with the display assembly  910  partially removed from the housing  902 . Several components of the device  900  are not shown for simplicity, but the device  900  can include a main logic board  940  including one or more processors and memory, a haptic module  924 , and flexible electrical connectors  950  that can provide electrical coupling, and transmit power and/or signals, between the logic board  940  and the display assembly  910 . The device  900  can also include a conductive component  960  that can electrically couple the display assembly  910  to other portions or components of the device, for example to provide electrical grounding. 
     Additionally, as can be seen in  FIG.  7 A , in some example the flexible electrical connectors  950  and the conductive component  960  can be positioned such that they extend from a same side or region of the display assembly  910 . In some examples, the flexible electrical connectors  950  and the conductive component  960  can thus also extend from the display assembly  910  into the portion of the internal volume defined by the housing  902  along a same side or region of the housing  902 , whereupon the flexible electrical connectors  950  and the conductive component  960  can be coupled to one or more other components as desired. Accordingly, in some examples, all or substantially all of the electrical connectors, such as components  950 ,  960 , extending between the display assembly  910  and any other components disposed in the portion of internal volume of the device  900  defined by the housing  902  can be positioned along a same side of the housing  902  and display assembly  910 . That is, where the device  900  comprises a housing  902  having multiple sidewalls, the flexible electrical connectors  950  and the conductive component  960  can be disposed adjacent to only a single sidewall. 
     In some examples, this configuration, where the electrical connections between the display assembly  910  and the other components of the device  900  are aligned along a single side, can allow for the device  900  to include antennas having higher bandwidths than might be efficiently achieved using other connector configurations. In some examples, the ability to efficiently radiate and receive signals at high bandwidths can be at least partially due to the ability to radiate and/or receive signals from all or substantially all of the other sides or regions of the housing  902  that are not adjacent to the flexible electrical connectors  950  and the conductive component  960 . In some examples, this configuration of the flexible electrical connectors  950  and the conductive component  960  can enable the device  900  to include one or more antennas that operate at frequencies up to about 2000 MHz, up to about 2700 MHz, up to about 3000 MHz, up to about 5000 MHz, up to about 7500 MHz, up to about 8000 MHz, up to about 8.25 MHz, or up to about 8500 MHz or even higher. 
       FIG.  7 B  shows a top view of a portion of the electronic device  900 . The device  900  is shown at a stage of the assembly process, whereby the display assembly  910  has yet to be attached to the flexible electrical connector  950 . At this stage, the flexible electrical connector  950  can be coupled or attached to components of the device  900 , but can include a releasable liner  951  that can serve to protect one or more regions comprising conductive and/or adhesive material that are disposed on the flexible electrical connector  950  as will be described with respect to  FIG.  7 C . In some examples, this releasable liner  951  can comprise a polymer material. In some examples, the releasable liner  951  can comprise a single or continuous portion of material that can be used to protect both portions of the connector  950  as described herein. 
     As can be seen, the flexible electrical connector  950  can include a first end that connects to the logic board  940 , for example, at a connection point, and a second end that can pass through one or more apertures defined by the housing  902 , whereupon additional connection points can be connected to the display assembly (not shown). In some examples, the flexible electrical connector can act as a radiating element of an antenna, and can be driven by one or more components disposed on the logic board  940  and/or the display assembly  910 . In some examples, the flexible electrical connector  950  can act as a radiating element to radiate signals in the direction of the display assembly. Further, the flexible electrical connector  950  can be substantially L-shaped, or bent, and can include two portions that can be connected at the second end, but separate at the first end of the flexible electrical connector  950 . 
       FIG.  7 C  shows a similar top view of a portion of the device  900  as  FIG.  9 B , including the flexible electrical connector  950  with the second end folded or bent upwards as it would be in an assembled configuration. As can be seen, the flexible electrical connector  950  can include a first portion  952  and a second portion  954  that can be separate, or that can be connected at one end, such as the second end (e.g., end portion  975  shown in  FIG.  7 A ). In some examples, one portion  952  can act as an electrical connector between a touch sensitive layer of the display assembly  910  and the logic board  940 , while a second portion  954  can act as an electrical connector between a display layer of the display assembly  910  and the logic board  940 , and/or vice versa. 
     In some examples, the size, width, and/or number of portions of the flexible electrical connector  950  can be reduced by locating as many components as possible on the logic board  940 , for example in a SiP disposed thereon. In some examples, one or more antennas, such as a near-field communication (NFC) antenna can be located on the logic board  940 , and thus may not require a flexible electrical connector to be in electrical communication with a processor on the logic board  940 . 
     In some examples, the flexible electrical connector  950  can be electrically grounded to the display assembly (not shown), which can overlie the flexible electrical connector  950  in the orientation shown in  FIG.  7 C . For example, each portion  952 ,  954 , can have sections of conductive material  956 ,  958  disposed thereon to provide an electrical ground path between each portion  952 ,  954  of the flexible electrical connector  950  and the display assembly  910 . In some examples, the sections of conductive material  956 ,  958  can include a conductive adhesive, and/or an adhesive including conductive material. For example, the conductive material  956 ,  958  can include a conductive pressure sensitive adhesive. In some examples, conductive tapes or other conductive materials can be used. In some examples, the conductive material  956 ,  958  can have a width of about 25 microns or greater, about 50 microns or greater, about 100 microns, or greater, or more. In some examples, the conductive material  956 ,  958  can span an entire width of each portion  952 ,  954  of the flexible electrical connector  950 . In some examples, the conductive material  956 ,  958  can have a thickness, or height above the flexible electrical connector  950  of about 50 microns or less, about 75 microns or less, about 100 microns or less, about 125 microns or less, about 150 microns or less, about 200 microns or less, or about 500 microns or less. Although four portions of conductive material  956 ,  958  are shown, in some examples, any number of portions can be used. 
     In some examples where the conductive material  956 ,  958  includes an adhesive, the conductive material  956 ,  958  can serve to maintain a position of the flexible connector  950  against the display assembly  910  in a desired portion. In some cases where the display assembly  910  can include an antenna, as described herein, the retention of the flexible electrical connector  950  in a desired position against the display assembly can result in reliable and improved antenna performance. Additionally, the electrical grounding provided by the conductive material  956 ,  958  can allow the return of a driving signal from an antenna in communication with the flexible electrical connector  950  to the ground after passing through the flexible electrical connector  950 . Further detail regarding a display assembly including one or more antennas is provided below with reference to  FIGS.  8 A- 8 D . 
       FIG.  8 A  shows a bottom perspective view a display assembly  1010  that can be substantially similar to, and can include some or all of the features of the display assemblies described herein. The display assembly  1010  shown in  FIG.  8 A  is disposed upside down relative to the display assembly  310  shown in, for example,  FIG.  2 A . The display assembly  1010  can include a transparent cover  1014 , and a display stack  1012  that can include multiple layers and components, each of which can perform one or more desired functions. For example, the display stack  1012  can include a display layer that can include a touch detection layer (e.g., touch detection layer  965  shown in  FIG.  7 A ) or component, a force sensitive layer or component, and one or more display layers or components that can include one or more pixels and/or light emitting portions to display visual content and/or information to a user. In some examples, the display layer can include a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, and/or any other form of display. 
     The display assembly can also include a grounding plane  1060  that can be disposed below the display stack  1012 , or in the position shown in  FIG.  8 A , above the display stack  1012 . The display assembly  1010  can also include further components that are not shown for simplicity. The grounding plane  1060  can be a sheet or plane of conductive material, such as one or more metallic materials, that can extend over substantially all of an area of the display assembly  1010 . In some examples, the grounding plane  1060  can include metallic materials such as copper, silver, and/or gold. In some examples, the grounding plane  1060  can include copper and gold. For example, a copper surface that is coated with gold by any desired deposition or coating process. In some examples, the grounding plane  1060  can be disposed on and/or supported by a surface of a printed circuit board or other substantially planar surface of the display assembly  1010 . In some examples, the grounding plane  1060  can be a layer of a printed circuit board of the display assembly. 
     In some examples, in addition to providing electrical grounding for components of the display assembly  1010 , as well as other components of an electronic device including the display assembly  1010 , the grounding plane  1060  can act or serve as a radiating element or body for one or more antennas in communication with the grounding plane  1060 . For example, one or more LTE, Wi-Fi, ultra-wideband (UWB), and/or other antennas. By utilizing the grounding plane  1060 , which is a substantially solid sheet or plane of conductive material that extends across all or substantially all of the area of the display assembly  1010 , the display assembly  1010  can be treated as a relatively “solid block” of conductive material for the purposes of tuning the one or more antennas, thereby reducing the complexity of tuning procedures and increasing antenna performance and/or reliability. The display assembly  1010  can include one or more spring fingers  1062 ,  1064  that can be in electrical communication with the grounding plane  1060  and that can be electrically connector to other components in a device including the display assembly  1010  to provide an electrical path to the grounding plane  1060  as described further herein. 
     The display assembly can also include one or more electrical connection points  1066 ,  1068  that can be in communication with components of the display assembly  1010 , such as the display stack  1012 , and that can receive connection points of flexible electrical connectors, such as the flexible electrical connector  950  described with respect to  FIGS.  7 A- 7 C . The display assembly  1010  can also include one or more of its own flexible electrical connectors  1070 , that provide electrical communication between one or more components of the display assembly  1010 . In some examples a flexible electrical connector  1070  can include a ferrite material and can include an integrated antenna therein. In some examples, the integrated antenna can include an NFC coil, although substantially any type of antenna can be included. Both the ferrite material and the coil can be coated or covered with an insulating polymer material, such as a polyimide or pressure sensitive adhesive material. In some examples, the flexible electrical connector  1070  including a ferrite material and NFC coil can have a thickness of less than about 300 microns, less than about 250 microns, less than about 225 microns, or even thinner. 
     Thus, a separate NFC coil or component is not necessary and the amount of space taken up by the display assembly  1010  can be reduced. In some examples, the NFC coil in the flexible electrical connector  1070  is driven as a radiating element by one or more components in communication therewith. 
     Additional conductive components can also be provided to assist with grounding the components of the display assembly  1010  and other system components of a device including the display assembly  1010 . For example, a conductive material, such as a conductive tape  1072 , can be provided over one or more components (not shown) and can be electrically connected to the grounding plane. Additional tapes or conductive components can be provided to cover most or substantially all of the surface of the display assembly shown in  FIG.  8 A . In some examples, the use of one or more conductive tapes  1072  to electrically connect components to the grounding plane  1060  can improve antenna performance by at least about 0.2 dB, at least about 0.3 dB, at least about 0.4 dB, at least about 0.5 dB, or at least about 1 dB or more across all radiating frequencies, as compared to a display assembly  1010  that does not include tape  1072 . 
       FIG.  8 B  shows a bottom perspective view the display assembly  1010  as shown in  FIG.  8 A , with several components omitted for simplicity. As can be seen, spring fingers  1062 ,  1064  can be located on the grounding plane  1060  and can be in electrical communication therewith. Further, because the grounding plane  1060  is a substantially continuous sheet or plane that extends across a large portion of the area of the display assembly, the spring fingers  1062 ,  1064  can be disposed at substantially any desired location on the grounding plane  1060 . Accordingly, the arrangement of other components of the display assembly  1010  can be designed according to other goals, such as desired levels of antenna performance and/or space reduction, and the spring fingers  1062 ,  1064  can be positioned to accommodate the positions of those components. That is, the spring fingers  1062 ,  1064  can be positioned independent of the other components of the display assembly  1010 . 
       FIG.  8 C  shows a close up view of the spring finger  1064  disposed near a contact portion  1080  of the grounding plane  1060 . In some examples, the spring finger  1064  can include any form of conductive material, such as one or more metals. As shown, the spring finger  1064  can include a receiving portion  1074  that can receive a connector or a portion of another electrical component to provide an electrical connection therewith. The spring finger  1064  can also include a connection portion  1072  that can be disposed in contact with the contact portion  1080 . The connection portion  1072  can define one or more apertures  1076 . During assembly, solder or another conductive material can be placed or otherwise located over or in the apertures  1076  to electrically connect the spring finger  1064  to the grounding plane  1060  and to mechanically secure it thereto. 
     In some examples, the spring finger  1064  can be soldered to the grounding plane  1060  by a jet or nozzle based soldering process, whereby balls or portions of solder material can be shot or dropped towards the aperture  1076  from a nozzle. The solder can be melted by a laser after it is emitted from the nozzle, whereupon it can achieve a molten or semi-molten state and can impact the aperture  1076 . The solder can then cool to provide a strong and reliable electrical connection without subjecting other components of the display assembly  1010  to excess levels of heat.  FIG.  8 D  shows a top view of the same portion of the display assembly  1010  shown in  FIG.  8 C  with the spring finger  1064  omitted. As can be seen, the contact portion or pad  1080  of the grounding plane  1060  can be sized and shaped to correspond to the apertures  1076  of the spring finger  1064 . Further details regarding the grounding of components in electronic devices are described with respect to  FIG.  9   . 
       FIG.  9    shows a perspective view of a grounding component  1100  of an electronic device, such as any of the electronic devices described herein. The grounding component  1100  can be used to connect any number of components of an electronic device to one another and/or to a ground, such as the grounding plane  1060  described with respect to  FIGS.  8 A- 8 D . In some examples, the grounding component  1100  can be used instead of, or in addition to, the spring fingers  1062 ,  1064  described with respect to  FIGS.  8 A- 8 D . 
     In some examples, the grounding component  1100  can include a first contact portion  1108  that can define an aperture  1110 . As with the apertures  1076  defined by the spring finger  1064 , solder can be placed or deposited on or in the aperture  1110  to electrically and mechanically connect the grounding component  1100  to another component, such as the grounding plane  1060 . The grounding component  1100  can further include a body  1106  connected to the first contact portion  1108 , and a second contact portion  1102  that can extend from the body  1106  to electrically and/or physically connect with one or more components of a device including the grounding component  1100 . Although the second grounding portion  1102  is shown having a particular geometry, it can have substantially any desired shape and the shape and size of the second contact portion  1102  can be selected based on the location of the grounding component  1100  and any components with which a connection to the second contact portion  1102  is desired. 
     The body  1106  can be a polymeric material and can be insert molded around the contact portion  1102 ,  1108 . The body can also carry a tuning component  1104  that can be electrically connected to the contact portions  1102 ,  1108 . In some examples, the contact portions  1102 ,  1108  can be electrically isolated from one another except for their connection to the tuning component  1104 . In some examples, the tuning component  1104  can include an electrical component having a desired resistance, inductance, and/or capacitance. Thus, in some examples, the tuning component  1104  can include an inductor and/or capacitor. In some examples, the tuning component  1104  can be an inductor having an inductance of between about 1 and about 10 nanohenries (nH), although the tuning component  1104  can have substantially any inductance as desired. Further, in some examples, one or more of the resistance, inductance, or capacitance of the tuning component  1104  can be selectively tuned or adjusted, as desired, after assembly or partial assembly of a device including the grounding component  1100 . 
     In some examples where the grounding component  1100  is electrically connected to an antenna, the electrical properties of the tuning component  1104 , such as the resistance, inductance, and/or capacitance, can be selected to tune or shift the resonant frequency of the antenna or an electrical circuit including the antenna, as desired. This tuning or shifting can have the effect of making the antenna appear “shorter” or “longer,” thus effectively making it appear as though the antenna is grounded at different locations from the point of view of the antenna. In this way, the grounding location of an antenna can be chosen based on design considerations other than the path length to ground, such as the position of other components, and the grounding component  1100  can then be tuned to provide an effective grounding “location” that achieves optical antenna performance, as desired. 
     Any number or variety of components in any of the configurations described herein can be included in an electronic device as described herein. The components can include any combination of the features described herein and can be arranged in any of the various configurations described herein. The structure and arrangement of components of a device, as well as the concepts regarding their use and operation can apply not only to the specific examples discussed herein, but to any number of embodiments in any combination. Various examples of electronic devices and electronic device sealing and cover components including those having various features in various arrangements are described below, with reference to  FIGS.  10 A and  10 B . 
       FIG.  10 A  shows an exploded view of several components of an electronic device that can be substantially similar to and can include some or all of the features of the electronic devices described herein. As described with respect to the electronic device  300  of  FIG.  2 A , an electronic device can include a housing  1202  that can at least partially define an internal volume and a display assembly  1210  that can be retained by the housing. The display assembly  1210  can be received by and can be attached to the housing  202 , for example, at a feature defined by the housing  1202 , such as a ledge, lip, or flange  1203 . The display assembly can include a cover  1214  including a transparent material, such as plastic, glass, and/or ceramic. The display assembly  1210  can include a display stack  1212  that can include multiple layers and components, each of which can perform one or more desired functions. In some examples, a gasket or a seal  1216  can be disposed between the display assembly  1210  and the housing  1202 , for example at the ledge  1203 , to substantially define a barrier to the ingress of liquids or moisture into the internal volume from the external environment at the location of the seal  1216 . 
       FIG.  10 B  shows a cross-sectional view of the housing  1202 , with the transparent cover  1214  and seal  1216  attached to the housing in an assembled configuration. As can be seen, the seal  1216  can be in contact with the transparent cover  1214  and the housing  1202 , and can fix or secure these two components together. In some examples, the seal  1216  can include multiple layers of material. As described herein, the seal  1216  can include polymer, metal, and/or ceramic materials. In some examples, the seal  1216  can substantially surround a periphery of an aperture defined by the housing  1202 , and can have a shape corresponding to a peripheral shape of one or more portions of the display assembly  1210 . 
     In some examples, the width of the seal  1216  and/or the width of the adhesive bond of between the seal  1216  and the housing  1202  and/or cover  1214  can be important for increasing the chemical resistance of the seal  1216  and preventing corrosion of the seal  1216  and/or ingress of liquid or contaminants into the internal volume therethrough. As shown, the housing  1202  and the cover  1214  can define a gap  1205  therebetween. In some examples, this gap can provide for a certain amount of sway or movement of the cover  1214  relative to the housing  1202 , such as during high force events or drop events. This sway and/or compression of the seal  1216  can reduce the risk forces being transmitted directly through the housing  1202  to the cover  1214 , thereby reducing the risk of damage to the cover  1214 . In some examples, the seal  1216  can include a relatively low modulus, such as less than about 20 MPa, less than about 15 MPa, less than about 10 MPa, less than about 5 MPa, or even less than about 1 MPa, so as to not transmit load to the cover  1214 . In this manner, the seal  1216  can act as a shock absorber for the cover  1214  relative to the housing  1202 . In some examples, the seal  1216  can be compliant enough that the cover  1214  can move laterally and/or vertically with respect to the housing  1202 . In some examples, this amount of movement can be desirable even though the device may not contain a force sensor or other component that may need to rely on movement of the cover  1214  relative to the housing  1202  to function. 
     In some examples, liquids, particles, contaminants, and/or corrosive materials can inadvertently enter the gap  1205 , however, and come in contact with the seal  1216 . Thus, it can be desirable for the seal  1216  to be corrosion resistant and for the bond length between the seal  1216  and the housing  1202  and cover  1214  to be relatively large. 
     Any number or variety of components in any of the configurations described herein can be included in an electronic device, as described herein. The components can include any combination of the features described herein and can be arranged in any of the various configurations described herein. The structure and arrangement of components of a device, as well as the concepts regarding its function and operation can apply not only to the specific examples discussed herein, but to any number of embodiments in any combination. Various examples of electronic devices and electronic device input components including those having various features in various arrangements are described below, with reference to  FIGS.  11 A- 11 C . 
       FIG.  11 A  shows an exploded view of several components of an electronic device that can be substantially similar to, and can include, some or all of the features of the electronic devices described herein. As described with respect to the electronic device  300  of  FIG.  2 A , an electronic device can include a housing  1302  that can at least partially define an internal volume and a crown or dial  1346  that can be positioned at and at, least partially extend through, an aperture  1306  defined by the housing  1302 . The crown module  1346  can be connected to a flexible electrical connector  1347  that can be in communication with one or more other components of the device (not shown). 
       FIG.  11 B  shows a partial cross-section view of the crown module  1346  affixed to the housing  1302  in an assembled configuration. In some examples, a sleeve or a liner  1354  can be disposed adjacent to the housing  1302  and can be secured and/or sealed thereto. The sleeve  1354  can act to help seal the internal volume of the housing  1302 . In some examples, the sleeve  1354  can be an insulating material and can insulate some or all of the crown module  1346  from the housing  1302 . 
     The crown module  1346  can include a dial or a button  1350  that can generally be a flange shaped member that can have a cylindrical body and a rounded or flat top. The button  1350  includes an outer surface that is configured to receive a user input and a stem that extends from an interior surface of the button  1350 . The button  1350  can also include a ring component  1352  that can at least partially define an exterior surface of the button  1350  and that can include an electrically insulating material, for example, to electrically insulate two or more portions of the button  1350 . In some examples, one or more sealing members  1356 , such as an O-ring, a cup seal, or a membrane, can be received around the shaft of the button  1350  to seal against the sleeve  1354 . 
     The crown module  1346  can also include an electrically conductive grounding component  1358  that can be in electrical communication with one or more portions of the crown module and that can provide electrical grounding thereto. In some examples, the grounding component  1358  can include a metal or metals and can be formed by a metal injection molding (MIM) process in a desired shape. The grounding component  1358  can further be in electrical communication with a conductive component  1368  that can be electrically connected to other components of an electronic device containing the crown module  1346 . By using a metallic part to provide grounding, rather than a separate electrical connector, the overall size of the crown module  1346  can be reduced by eliminating the need for a connection point and/or solder for the electrical connector. The crown module  1346  can include one or more bushings, such as an insert molded bushing  1360 . This bushing  1360  can include any material as desired. Further, because it is insert molded, it can be shaped and size as desired, for example, to reduce the overall size of the crown module  1346 . 
     A tactile switch mechanism  1364  can be disposed in contact with the stem of the button  1350  and can be secured to a support structure or bracket  1370 . The tactile switch mechanism  1364  can be depressed when a user presses on the button  1350  and can transmit one or more signals upon the occurrence of such an event. The bracket  1370  can further support one or more operational components of the crown module  1346 , such as one or more electrical and/or electronic components. In some examples, an overmold material  1362  can be provided around these components in a SiP configuration in order to reduce the overall size of the crown module, as described herein. A shear plate can also be attached to the bracket to prevent shearing forces from being transmitted to the tactile switch mechanism  1364  or other components. In some examples, the shear plate can be laser welded to the bracket  1370  or to one or more other components of the crown module  1346 . The crown module  1346  can also include one or more sensors  1366 , such as one or more rotation sensors, to detect a rotational input on the button  1350 . 
       FIG.  11 C  shows a rear view of the crown module  1346  disposed in an assembled configuration in the housing  1302 . As can be seen, substantially all of the components of the crown module  1346  can be disposed within a volume at least partially defined by the bracket  1370 . This configuration can allow for the positioning of other components of a device including the crown module  1346  substantially near or adjacent to the crown module  1346 , thereby further increasing available space within the internal volume defined by the housing  1302 . In some examples, one or more operational components that are overmolded with a polymer material to form a SiP  1372  as described herein can be disposed on, carried by, and/or positioned within a volume at least partially defined by the bracket  1370 . Overmolding the one or more components to form the SiP  1372  can reduce potential interference with other systems of the device by the operational components of the SiP  1372 , further enabling other components to be positioned adjacent to, or substantially near to crown module  1346 . 
     Any number or variety of components in any of the configurations described herein can be included in an electronic device, as described herein. The components can include any combination of the features described herein and can be arranged in any of the various configurations described herein. The structure and arrangement of components of a device, as well as the concepts regarding the function and operation thereof can apply not only to the specific examples discussed herein, but to any number of embodiments in any combination. Various examples of electronic devices and electronic device components including having various features in various arrangements are described below, with reference to  FIGS.  12 A- 13 D . 
       FIG.  12 A  shows an exploded view of several components of an electronic device that can be substantially similar to and can include some or all of the features of the electronic devices described herein. As described with respect to the electronic device  300  of  FIG.  2 A , an electronic device can include a housing  1402  that can at least partially define an internal volume, a main logic board  1440  disposed in the internal volume, and a back cover  1430  that can be affixed to the housing  1402 . 
     In some examples, the back cover  1430  can carry a number of components thereon, such as a second logic board  1450 , an e-shield  1460 , and an antenna element  1454 . In some examples, a seal  1434  can be disposed between the back cover  1430  and the housing  1402  to provide or define a barrier between the internal volume and the ambient environment, as described herein. In some examples, as shown, a shape of the seal  1434  can correspond to a shape of the logic board  1440  and/or antenna element  1454 . This design can allow for an increased area of the logic board  1440  to provide room for additional components, as well as for an increased area or size of the antenna element  1454 . 
       FIG.  12 B  shows a top view of the back cover  1430  carrying the components described with respect to  FIG.  12 A . The back cover  1430  can carry additional components that have been omitted for simplicity. In some examples, the antenna element  1454  can be a radiating element of one or more antennas of an electronic device, such as any of the antennas described herein. In some examples, the antenna element  1454  can be sized and shaped to correspond to any available volume in the device that is not occupied by other components. In some examples, the antenna element  1454  can include a conductive material, such as one or more metals, as well as non-conductive materials, such as one or more polymers. The antenna element  1454  can be electrically connected to other components of the device, such as the logic board  1440 , to provide a signal and/or power to drive the antenna. In some examples, the antenna element  1454  can be formed by a laser direct structure (LDS) process and can thus include a polymer, such as a thermoplastic material, having a metallic or metal-containing design or track formed therein. 
     In some examples, the e-shield component  1460  can be sized and shaped to correspond to a size and shape of one or more components of the device or back cover  1430 , such as the logic board  1450 . In some examples, the e-shield can include one or more metals and can provide shielding from electromagnetic radiation to one or more components of the device. In some examples, however, the e-shield  1460  can be electrically connected to an antenna to additionally act as a radiating element for the antenna. In some examples, the e-shield  1460  can provide an auxiliary short point for the antenna and/or can be used to increase the length of the radiating element of the antenna. Further, in some examples, some or all of the e-shield  1460  can be disposed below the radiating element  1454  and can be capacitively coupled therewith to enhance antenna performance. 
       FIG.  12 C  shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of the back cover  1430  joined to the housing  1402  in an assembled configuration, with a seal  1434  disposed therebetween. As described herein, the back cover  1430  can also include an electromagnetically transparent component  1432 . The seal  1434  can include multiple layers of material, such as silicone, polyimide, and/or pressure sensitive adhesive. In some examples, the seal  1434  can have a substantially rectangular cross-sectional area, and can be substantially similar to, and can include some or all of the features of the seals described herein. In some examples, the seal  1434  may not extend past an edge of the housing  1402  and/or back cover  1430 . Further, the mating surfaces of the housing  1402  and/or the back cover  1430  can be substantially flat to provide a large adherence area with the seal  1434 . In some examples, the back cover  1430  can directly abut the housing  1402 , for example, to act as a datum. 
       FIG.  12 D  shows the same cross-sectional view as in  FIG.  12 C , including an alternative configuration of the surface of the back cover  1430  that mates with the housing  1402  and seal  1434 . In this example, the seal  1434  can have a substantially rounded or circular cross-sectional area. The mating surface of the back cover  1430  can be sloped or have a slanted region that can exert a pressure on the seal  1434  in a direction against the housing  1402 . 
       FIG.  12 E  shows a cross-sectional view of a seal  1516 , that can be substantially similar to, include some or all of the features of, and be used in place of other seals described herein, such as seal  1216  and/or seal  1434  shown in  FIG.  12 C . In some examples, the seal  1516  can include multiple layers of material bonded or joined together in a stacked configuration. In some examples, the seal  1516  can include a compliant layer  1520 . In some examples, the compliant layer  1520  can include a polymer, such as an elastomer. In some examples, the compliant layer  1520  can include silicone and/or silicone rubber, such as a silicone layer or silicone rubber layer. The compliant layer  1520  can be the middle layer or core of the seal  1516  and can have a thickness of between about 50 microns and about 500 microns, or between about 100 microns and about 300 microns, for example about 150 microns. In some examples, the compliant layer  1520  can be substantially transparent. The compliant layer  1520  can have a hardness of greater than about 5, greater than about 10, or greater than about 15 or more on the Shore A hardness scale. 
     In some examples, polymer layers  1523  and  1525  can be disposed on the top and bottom surfaces of the compliant layer  1520 . These polymer layers  1523 ,  1525  can be the same or different materials, and in some examples, can include polyimide. In some examples, the polymer layers  1523 ,  1525  can be transparent or translucent. In some examples, the polymer layers  1523 ,  1525  can be a colored translucent material, such as a translucent amber colored material. In some examples, the polymer layers  1523 ,  1525  can be the same or different thicknesses. The polymer layers  1523 ,  1525  can have thicknesses between about 25 microns and about 150 microns, or between about 50 microns and about 100 microns, for example about 75 microns. 
     In order to secure the back cover  1430  to the housing  1402 , as shown in  FIG.  12 C , in some examples, the top and bottom exterior surfaces of the seal can be defined by adhesive layers  1522 ,  1524 . These adhesive layers can be the same or different material and can have the same or different thicknesses. In some examples, the adhesive layers  1522 ,  1524  can include a pressure sensitive adhesive material. The adhesive layers  1522 ,  1524  can have thicknesses between about 10 microns and about 100 microns, or between about 25 microns and about 75 microns, for example about 50 microns. The adhesive layers  1522 ,  1524  can have a hardness of greater than about 5, greater than about 10, greater than about 12, or greater than about 15 or more on the Shore A hardness scale. 
     Thus, in some examples, the entire seal  1516  can have a thickness of between about 200 microns and about 600 microns, or between about 300 microns and about 600 microns, for example about 400 microns. Further, the seal can have a width of between about 500 microns and about 1500 microns, or between about 750 microns and about 1250 microns, for example about 900 microns. 
     Referring again to  FIG.  12 C , the width of the seal  1516  and/or the width of the adhesive bond of the adhesive layers  1522 ,  1524  can be important for increasing the chemical resistance of the seal  1516  and preventing corrosion of the seal  1516  and/or ingress of liquid or contaminants into the internal volume therethrough. 
       FIGS.  12 F and  12 G  illustrate cross-sectional views of alternative seal designs  1616  and  1716 . In some examples, a seal  1616  can include a relatively stiff core material  1622  surrounded by a relatively soft or compliant material  1620 . In some examples, the core  1622  can include one or more metals and/or polymers, such as stainless steel. The core  1622  can then be overmolded with a polymer material  1620 , such as a silicone material in any desired shape. In some examples, one or more layers of adhesive  1625  can be disposed on one or more surfaces of the silicone layer  1620  to adhere the seal  1616  to components such as a housing or a cover. 
     The seal  1716  can also include a core  1722  that can include one or more metals and/or polymers, such as stainless steel and that can be overmolded with a polymer material  1720 , such as silicone. As shown, the seal  1716  can have a substantially X-shaped cross-section, for example, defining one or more indentations or divots that can extend partially or entirely along one or more surfaces of the seal  1716 . In some examples, the shape of the seal  1716  can allow for desired levels of compression or deformation of the seal  1716  to effectively dissipate energy and to provide a desired level of sealing between components. Further details regarding components carried by the back cover  1430 , such as a logic board, are provided below with reference to  FIGS.  13 A- 13 D . 
       FIG.  13 A  shows a perspective view of a logic board  1850  of an electronic device, as described herein. The logic board  1850  can be substantially similar to and can include some or all of the features of the logic boards described herein, such as logic board  1450 . The logic board  1850  can include a substrate  1852  that can include any desired material and that can be a printed circuit board. Various components can be disposed on the substrate  1852 , such as one or more processors, sensors, and/or memory. One or more of the components can be overmolded with material to provide a SiP  1854 , as described herein. Additional components  1856  can be disposed near and/or around the SiP  1854 . An adhesive material can be used to connect the logic board  1850  to a back cover of a device, for example, a pressure sensitive adhesive disposed on an underside of the logic board  1850 , that is, the side opposite the components  1854 ,  1856 . In order to ensure a desired level of adherence, it can be desirable to exert a pressure on the logic board  1850  against the back cover or other component to which it is adhered. Thus, in some examples, the logic board  1850  can include one or more posts  1858  that can be mechanically connected to the substrate  1852  and on which desired levels of pressure can be exerted, for example by a tool, to ensure desired levels of adherence. In some examples, the post or posts  1858  can be surface mounted to the substrate  1852  by any desired process.  FIG.  13 B  shows a top view of the logic board  1850 . 
       FIG.  13 C  shows a perspective view of a logic board  1950  that can be substantially similar to and can include some or all of the features of the logic boards described herein, such as logic board  1850 . In this example, the operational components adjacent or near the SiP  1954  that are disposed on the substrate  1952  can also be overmolded with a polymer material  1956 , as desired. In this way, pressure can be exerted on the overmold  1956  to ensure a desired level of adherence for the logic board  1950 . Additionally, the overmold  1956  can have a stepped geometry, as shown, thereby increasing a gap or distance between portions of the overmold  1956  and any overlying antennas to improve antenna performance.  FIG.  13 D  shows a top view of the logic board  1950 . 
     Any of the features or aspects of the devices and components discussed herein can be combined or included in any varied combination. For example, the design and shape of the components or devices is not limited in any way and can be formed by any number of processes, including those discussed herein. As used herein, the terms exterior, outer, interior, and inner are used for reference purposes only. An exterior or outer portion of a composite component can form a portion of an exterior surface of the component, but may not necessarily form the entire exterior of outer surface thereof. Similarly, the interior or inner portion of a composite component can form or define an interior or inner portion of the component, but can also form or define a portion of an exterior or outer surface of the component. 
     Various inventions have been described herein with reference to certain specific embodiments and examples. However, they will be recognized by those skilled in the art that many variations are possible without departing from the scope and spirit of the inventions disclosed herein, in that those inventions set forth in the claims below are intended to cover all variations and modifications of the inventions disclosed without departing from the spirit of the inventions. The terms “including:” and “having” come as used in the specification and claims shall have the same meaning as the term “including.” 
     To the extent applicable to the present technology, gathering and use of data available from various sources can be used to improve the delivery to users of invitational content or any other content that may be of interest to them. The present disclosure contemplates that in some instances, this gathered data may include personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to contact or locate a specific person. Such personal information data can include demographic data, location-based data, telephone numbers, email addresses, TWITTER® ID&#39;s, home addresses, data or records relating to a user&#39;s health or level of fitness (e.g., vital signs measurements, medication information, exercise information), date of birth, or any other identifying or personal information. 
     The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information data, in the present technology, can be used to the benefit of users. For example, the personal information data can be used to deliver targeted content that is of greater interest to the user. Accordingly, use of such personal information data enables users to calculated control of the delivered content. Further, other uses for personal information data that benefit the user are also contemplated by the present disclosure. For instance, health and fitness data may be used to provide insights into a user&#39;s general wellness, or may be used as positive feedback to individuals using technology to pursue wellness goals. 
     The present disclosure contemplates that the entities responsible for the collection, analysis, disclosure, transfer, storage, or other use of such personal information data will comply with well-established privacy policies and/or privacy practices. In particular, such entities should implement and consistently use privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining personal information data private and secure. Such policies should be easily accessible by users, and should be updated as the collection and/or use of data changes. Personal information from users should be collected for legitimate and reasonable uses of the entity and not shared or sold outside of those legitimate uses. Further, such collection/sharing should occur after receiving the informed consent of the users. Additionally, such entities should consider taking any needed steps for safeguarding and securing access to such personal information data and ensuring that others with access to the personal information data adhere to their privacy policies and procedures. Further, such entities can subject themselves to evaluation by third parties to certify their adherence to widely accepted privacy policies and practices. In addition, policies and practices should be adapted for the particular types of personal information data being collected and/or accessed and adapted to applicable laws and standards, including jurisdiction-specific considerations. For instance, in the US, collection of or access to certain health data may be governed by federal and/or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); whereas health data in other countries may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly. Hence different privacy practices should be maintained for different personal data types in each country. 
     Despite the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates embodiments in which users selectively block the use of, or access to, personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware and/or software elements can be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, in the case of advertisement delivery services, the present technology can be configured to allow users to select to “opt in” or “opt out” of participation in the collection of personal information data during registration for services or anytime thereafter. In another example, users can select not to provide mood-associated data for targeted content delivery services. In yet another example, users can select to limit the length of time mood-associated data is maintained or entirely prohibit the development of a baseline mood profile. In addition to providing “opt in” and “opt out” options, the present disclosure contemplates providing notifications relating to the access or use of personal information. For instance, a user may be notified upon downloading an app that their personal information data will be accessed and then reminded again just before personal information data is accessed by the app. 
     Moreover, it is the intent of the present disclosure that personal information data should be managed and handled in a way to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risk can be minimized by limiting the collection of data and deleting data once it is no longer needed. In addition, and when applicable, including in certain health related applications, data de-identification can be used to protect a user&#39;s privacy. De-identification may be facilitated, when appropriate, by removing specific identifiers (e.g., date of birth, etc.), controlling the amount or specificity of data stored (e.g., collecting location data a city level rather than at an address level), controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users), and/or other methods. 
     Therefore, although the present disclosure broadly covers use of personal information data to implement one or more various disclosed embodiments, the present disclosure also contemplates that the various embodiments can also be implemented without the need for accessing such personal information data. That is, the various embodiments of the present technology are not rendered inoperable due to the lack of all or a portion of such personal information data. For example, content can be selected and delivered to users by inferring preferences based on non-personal information data or a bare minimum amount of personal information, such as the content being requested by the device associated with a user, other non-personal information available to the content delivery services, or publicly available information. 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not target to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.