Patent Publication Number: US-2023154180-A1

Title: Advanced Manufacturing Technologies and Machine Learning in Unmanned Aviation Systems

Description:
FIELD 
     Embodiments relate to a vehicle composed of additive manufactured parts configured to be assembled in a tool-less fashion. The vehicle can include an operating module configured to function as a surveillance system that identifies objects within an environment and to reduce the data bandwidth that would otherwise be needed to transmit data from the vehicle to another device. The operating module can be configured to transmit object coordinates with object recognition information as part of the data being transmitted to the other device. 
     BACKGROUND INFORMATION 
     Known unmanned vehicles and reconnaissance systems are limited in that they are designed to operate in a single operational mode. There is no means to configure and re-configure the vehicle to meet different operational criteria. Known vehicles and systems do not provide a vehicle platform made of modular components that can be assembled and dis-assembled for re-configuration in a simple and efficient manner. In addition, known systems rely on transmitting full video streams from the vehicle to a receiver, which requires significant data bandwidth. 
     SUMMARY 
     Embodiments can relate to a vehicle having a body bottom conjoined with a body sidewall and a body top forming a body cavity, wherein the body top includes a body top opening and the body sidewall includes a body sidewall opening. The vehicle can include a payload housing having a payload bottom conjoined with a payload housing sidewall and a payload housing top forming a payload housing cavity, wherein the payload housing cavity is configured to hold at least one operating module for the vehicle. The vehicle can include at least one arm. The vehicle can include at least one interlocking arrangement of the body top opening or body side wall configured to removably secure the payload housing and the at least one arm to the body. Each of the body, the payload housing, and the at least one arm can be structured with additive manufactured material. 
     Embodiments can relate to a method of using a vehicle. The method of using a vehicle can involve manually assembling a payload housing and at least one arm to a body via at least one interlocking arrangement used to secure the payload housing to the body, and the at least one arm to the body. The method of using a vehicle can involve manually attaching at least one motor to the at least one arm. 
     Embodiments can relate to an operating module for a vehicle, the operating module having a navigation module including a navigation processor and a navigation sensor, the navigation module configured to communicate with at least one motor of the vehicle to facilitate navigation and propulsion of the vehicle. The operating module can include a surveillance module including a surveillance processor and a surveillance sensor, the surveillance module configured to: receive raw data, the raw data including real time video stream information about an environment; and generate distilled data, the distilled data including still image information from the real time video stream information, the still image information including at least one object identified via an object classification and localization technique. The operating module can include a telemetry module including a telemetry processor and a telemetry transceiver, the telemetry module configured to transmit the distilled data to a computer device. 
     Embodiments can relate to a method of surveillance involving receiving raw data at a first data bandwidth, the raw data including real time video stream information about an environment. The method of surveillance can involve generating distilled data, the distilled data including still image information from the real time video stream information, the still image information including at least one object identified via an object classification and localization technique. The method of surveillance can involve transmitting the distilled data at a second data bandwidth, the first data bandwidth being greater than the second data bandwidth. 
     Embodiments can relate to an operating module for a vehicle, the operating module having a navigation module including a navigation processor and a navigation sensor, the navigation module configured to communicate with a motor of the vehicle for navigation and propulsion of the vehicle. The operating module can include a surveillance module including a surveillance processor and a surveillance sensor, the surveillance module configured to: receive raw data, the raw data including real time video stream information about an environment; and process the raw data to generate distilled data, the distilled data including a still image information from the real time video stream information, the still image information including at least one object identified via an object classification and localization technique. The operating module can include a telemetry module including a telemetry processor and a telemetry transceiver, the telemetry module configured to transmit the distilled data to a computer device. The navigation module can generate vehicle coordinates and the surveillance module can use the vehicle coordinates and a ranging technique to generate object coordinates for the at least one object. The surveillance module can co-register the object coordinates with the at least one object and include the co-register object coordinates as part of the distilled data. 
     Embodiments can relate to a method of surveillance involving receiving raw data at a first data bandwidth, the raw data including real time video stream information about an environment. The method of surveillance can involve generating distilled data from the raw data, the distilled data including a still image information from the real time video stream information, the still image information including at least one object identified via an object classification and localization technique. The method of surveillance can involve co-registering object coordinates for the at least one identified object as part of the distilled data. The method of surveillance can involve transmitting distilled data at a second data bandwidth. 
     Embodiments can relate to a vehicle having a body including at least one mount, each mount configured to secure a motor. The vehicle can have a payload including at least one operating module for the vehicle. The vehicle can have at least one interlocking arrangement configured to removably secure the payload to the body. The body can be structured with additive manufactured material. 
     Embodiments can relate to a method of producing a vehicle involving generating a body via additive manufacturing. The method can involve and generating a payload including at least one operating module for the vehicle. At least one interlocking arrangement can be included in or on the body and configured to removably secure the payload to the body by manual assembly. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent upon reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like elements are designated by like numerals, and wherein: 
         FIG.  1    shows an exemplary embodiment of the vehicle; 
         FIG.  2    shows an exemplary embodiment of the vehicle as an exploded view of exemplary component parts of the vehicle; 
         FIG.  3    shows an exemplary embodiment of the body portion of an embodiment of the vehicle; 
         FIG.  4    shows an exemplary embodiment of the payload housing portion of an embodiment of the vehicle; 
         FIG.  5    shows an exemplary embodiment of the cover portion of an embodiment of the vehicle; 
         FIG.  6    shows an exemplary embodiment of the arm portion of an embodiment of the vehicle; 
         FIG.  7    shows an exemplary embodiment of the interlocking arrangement portion of an embodiment of the vehicle; 
         FIG.  8    shows an embodiment of the vehicle configured as an aerial vehicle; 
         FIG.  9    shows exemplary component parts of an embodiment of the vehicle configured as an aerial vehicle; 
         FIG.  10    shows an exemplary Finite Element Analysis used to design component parts of an embodiment of the vehicle; 
         FIG.  11    shows an exemplary system schematic for an embodiment of the vehicle; 
         FIG.  12    shows an exemplary wiring diagram for an embodiment of the vehicle; 
         FIG.  13    shows exemplary module architectures for an embodiment of the vehicle; 
         FIG.  14    shows an exemplary motor connections set-up for an embodiment of the vehicle; 
         FIG.  15    shows exemplary navigation or avionics module wiring for an embodiment of the vehicle; 
         FIG.  16    shows exemplary surveillance module wiring for an embodiment of the vehicle; 
         FIG.  17    shows an exemplary communications system architecture that can be used for an embodiment of the vehicle; 
         FIG.  18    shows exemplary still image information that can be used as part of the distilled data for an embodiment of the vehicle; and 
         FIG.  19    shows exemplary still image information that can be used as part of the distilled data for an embodiment of the vehicle. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Embodiments can include a vehicle  100  (e.g., unmanned vehicle) composed of additive manufactured parts configured to be assembled in a tool-less fashion. It is contemplated for the vehicle  100  to be an unmanned vehicle and used for surveillance or reconnaissance. Surveillance and reconnaissance can involve receiving data regarding an environment, processing the data, and transmitting the data to a computer device  1712  for review or further analysis or further processing. The vehicle  100  can include an operating module  202  configured to reduce the data bandwidth that would otherwise be needed to transmit data (e.g., surveillance data) from the vehicle  100  to another device (e.g., computer device  1712 ). The operating module  202  can be configured to transmit object coordinates with object recognition information as part of the data being transmitted to the computer device  1712 . The surveillance and reconnaissance can involve receiving data about objects within the environment. For instance, the vehicle  100  can be used for surveillance and reconnaissance of an area of operation (AOO) or area of interest (AOI) identified by military personnel, police personnel, emergency or first responders, researchers, scientists, investigators, explorers, enthusiasts etc. The vehicle  100  can be used to identify and track personnel or objects in the AOO or AOI, identify and track phenomenon (e.g., weather events, geological events, etc.), hazardous conditions, etc. The vehicle  100  can be operated remotely by a user, can be operated autonomously, or can be operated semi-autonomously. It is also contemplated for the vehicle  100  to be transportable by a single person with ease and to be assembled, dis-assembled, and/or re-configured with minimal effort and without the use of tools. 
     Embodiments of the vehicle  100  can be structured so as to allow the vehicle  100  to be expendable. For instance, the vehicle  100  can be used to carry out a surveillance and reconnaissance task, and then be allowed to self-destruct, crash, or remain in the AOO or AOI without returning. This can be achieved by the specific configuration of component parts (e.g., the body  102 , the payload housing  200 , the arm  104 , etc.) and methods for implementation that allow for the construction of a reliable and effective vehicle  100  at a low cost and with the use of minimal resources. 
     Embodiments of the vehicle  100  can be structured so that the component parts are assembled in a modular fashion. This can allow the vehicle  100  to be configured and re-configured by a user and on-the-fly to meet specific design criteria or perform a specific type of surveillance and reconnaissance. In addition, components of the vehicle  100  can be easily replaced and/or manufactured with the use of additive manufacturing machines. This further leads to the reliability, versatility, and expendability of the vehicle. 
     With reference to  FIGS.  1 - 7   , embodiments of the vehicle  100  will be described and illustrated. 
     An embodiment of the vehicle  100  can include a body  102  having a body bottom  304  conjoined with a body sidewall  302  and a body top  300  forming a body cavity  306 , wherein the body top  300  includes a body top opening  310  and the body sidewall  302  includes a body sidewall opening  312 . The body  102  is shown to be rectangular cuboidal, but the body  102  can be made into other shapes. These can be, but are not limited to, cubic, spherical, pyramidal, disc-shaped, etc. Embodiments of the vehicle  100  can be an aerial vehicle, a land vehicle, and/or a water vehicle. The shape of the vehicle  100  may depend on the intended use so as to allow the vehicle  100  to better fly in the atmosphere, traverse the terrain, or propel in or on water. The body cavity  306  can be configured to slidably receive and retain at least one operating module  202  for the vehicle  100 . Thus, the body  102  can be structured as a carriage for the vehicle  100  and a frame for the operating module  202 . It is contemplated for the operating module  202  to generate heat when in operation so the body  102  (e.g. the body bottom  304  and/or the body sidewall  302 ) can have, at least one aperture  314  or vent to facilitate heat transfer from the operating module  202  to an area outside of the body cavity  306 . 
     In addition to the heat transfer apertures  314 , any component of the vehicle  100  can include apertures formed therein to lighten the weight of the vehicle  100  without degrading structural integrity of that component. In addition, any component of the vehicle  100  can include structural formations (e.g., ridges, grooves, flutes, web-formations, etc.) to improve the structural rigidity or other mechanical property of the component. 
     The vehicle  100  can include a payload housing  200  having a payload bottom  406  conjoined with a payload housing sidewall  402  and a payload housing top  400  forming a payload housing cavity  408 , wherein the payload housing cavity  408  is configured to hold at least one operating module  202  for the vehicle  100 . The payload housing  200  can be configured to slidably insert into the body cavity  306 . Thus, the payload housing  200  can have a shape that matches or complements that of the body cavity  306 . For instance, the body cavity  306  can be rectangular cuboidal and the payload housing  200  can be rectangular cuboidal but of slightly smaller dimensions so as to allow the payload housing  200  to slidably insert within the body cavity  306 . Other shapes for the payload housing  200  can be used. While the exemplary embodiments show the body cavity  306  having a shape that matches that of the payload housing  200 , it does not have to. Instead, the body cavity  306  can have a shape and dimensions that accommodates the shape and dimensions of the payload housing  200  without matching that of the payload housing  200 . 
     The body  102  can have a body top opening  310  to allow for the slidable insertion and removal of the payload housing  200 . In addition, or in the alternative, the body sidewall  302  can also have a body sidewall opening  312  for the same. Similarly, any portion of the payload housing  200  can have an opening to facilitate insertion and removal of at least one operating module  202 , sensor, processor, and/or other element of the payload (the payload being an element that is contained by the payload housing  200 ). 
     The vehicle  100  can include at least one arm  104 . The arm  104  can be a structure that supports the body  102 . For example, for a land vehicle  100 , the arm(s)  104  can serve as a wheeled-axle to support the body  102  thereon. The arm(s)  104  can be a structure that supports the means for propulsion. In this regard, the arm(s)  104  can be used in accordance with the method of propulsion. For instance, for a water vehicle  100 , the arm(s)  104  can serve as a rudder, a structural support for a propeller or thruster, etc. For an aerial vehicle  100 , the arm(s)  104  can serve as a structural support for a propeller  802 . 
     Exemplary embodiments show the vehicle  100  configured as an unmanned aerial vehicle  100  or a drone. The arm  104  is used to provide a structural support for a rotatable motor  110 . The rotatable motor  110  has a spindle  114  to facilitate connection to a propeller  802 . When the arm  104  is attached to the body  102 , the spindle  114  extends in a longitudinal direction  116  so as to allow the propeller  802  to be normal (or substantially normal) to the longitudinal direction  116 . 
     The arm  104  can be configured to removably attach to a portion of the body  102 . In the exemplary embodiment shown in  FIG.  6   , the arm  104  has a triangular shape, having a first side  316 , a second side  318 , and a third side  320  with an open center 600. For example, the arm  104  can be in the shape of a as a right triangle with the first side  316  being the opposite side, the second side  318  being the adjacent side, and the third side  320  being the hypotenuse. The junction of the second side  318  and the third side  320  can include a mount  112 . The mount  112  can be configured to receive the rotatable motor  110 . The first side  316  can be structured to have an interlocking arrangement  308  that will facilitate the removable attachment of the arm  104  to the body  102 . 
     Some embodiments can include at least one interlocking arrangement  308  on the body top opening  310  or body sidewall  302  configured to removably secure the payload housing  200  and the at least one arm  104  to the body  102 . It is contemplated for the components of the vehicle  100  to be removably attachable to each other. This can be achieved via at least one interlocking arrangement  308 . The interlocking arrangement  308  can be a snap-fit, interference fit, a tessellation engagement, a rail-and-guide engagement, etc. 
     For instance, the body  102  can have a body inner surface  322  and a body outer surface  324 . The body inner surface  322  can have a guide  700  and/or rail  702  formed therein. The guide  700  and/or rail  702  can be in the longitudinal direction  116  and/or latitudinal direction  118 . The payload housing  200  can have a payload housing inner surface  410  and a payload housing outer surface  412 . The payload housing outer surface  412  can have a rail  702  and/or guide  700  formed therein. The rail  702  and/or guide  700  can be in the longitudinal direction  116  and/or latitudinal direction  118 . Each rail  702  or guide  700  of the payload housing  200  can be configured to engage with each guide  700  or rail  702  of the body  102  to allow the payload housing  200  to be slidably inserted into the body cavity  306  of the body  102  and be secured in place. It is contemplated for the rail  702  to slide into the space of the guide  700  so as to generate a snug fit. Thus, the cross-sectional shape of the rail  702  can match or complement that of the guide  700  it is being slid into. The cross-sectional shape of the rail  702  and/or guide  700  can be square, arcuate, triangular, keystone, T-shaped, etc. The snug fit can be generated by the tight tolerance of the rail  702  and guide  700  dimensions, an interference snap connection, etc. 
     In addition, the body outer surface  324  can have a guide  700  and/or rail  702  formed therein. The guide  700  and/or rail  702  can be in the longitudinal direction  116  and/or latitudinal direction  118 . The first side  316  of the arm  104  can have a rail  702  and/or guide  700  formed therein. The rail  702  and/or guide  700  can be in the longitudinal direction  116  and/or latitudinal direction  118 . Each rail  702  or guide  700  of the arm  104  can be configured to engage with each guide  700  or rail  702  of the body  102  to allow the arm  104  to be slidably connected to the body  102  and be secured in place. It is contemplated for the rail  702  to slide into the space of the guide  700  so as to generate a snug fit. Thus, the cross-sectional shape of the rail  702  can match or complement that of the guide  700  it is being slid into. The cross-sectional shape of the rail  702  and/or guide  700  can be square, arcuate, triangular, keystone, T-shaped, etc. The snug fit can be generated by the tight tolerance of the rail  702  and guide  700  dimensions, an interference snap connection, etc. 
     In some embodiments, each of the body  102 , the payload housing  200 , and the at least one arm  104  are structured with additive manufactured material. This can be metal, metal alloy, composite material, plastic, polymer, etc. It is contemplated for any one or combination of components of the vehicle  100  to be produced using additive manufacturing. This can allow a user to fabricate a component as-needed, provided the user has access to an additive manufacturing apparatus  1714 . The additive manufacturing apparatus  1714  can be an apparatus configured to deposit a binder material onto a powder bed to generate a build layer by layer via Binder Jetting or Selective Laser Sintering methods. Other additive manufacturing techniques can include Fused Deposition Modeling, Stereolithography, Digital Light Processing, Selective Laser melting, Electron Beam Melting, etc. The additive manufacturing apparatus  1714  can include a processing unit configured to operate via a build file that has the necessary instructions for generating the build. The build can be a component part of the vehicle  100 . 
     The ability to: 1) fabricate a component as-needed with use of an additive manufacturing apparatus  1714 ; and 2) the ability to configure and re-configure the vehicle  100  on-the-fly to meet specific design criteria or perform a specific type of surveillance and reconnaissance by the modularity of the component parts is based in part on the specific design and system criteria imposed on the shapes and configurations of the component parts. In this regard, embodiments of the method of using the vehicle  100  can involve developing the build file for the additive manufacturing apparatus  1714  via Finite Element Analysis (“FEA”). (See  FIG.  10   ). A build file can be generated for each component of the vehicle  100  and either stored on a memory of the additive manufacturing apparatus  1714  or transferred thereto. Embodiments of the method can involve use of FEA to set the parameters of the build file that will control product characteristics for the component part by generating operational parameters to control the additive manufacturing apparatus  1714  and predictively optimizing them to meet design requirements. FEA can also be used to take into account desired material and mechanical characteristics and other parameters that enable the component part to be made via additive manufacturing and to function properly during subsequent use as a surveillance and reconnaissance vehicle  100 . For example, material properties, mechanical properties, use of least amount of material, structural integrity, reduction of weight, transfer of moments and force vectors, etc. can be mathematically modeled and represented by variables during the FEA. Algorithmic functions including use of these variables can then be generated and incorporated into the build file. The build file can then be operated on a processor of the additive manufacturing apparatus  1714  to develop a design for the component part. 
     For example, a user can input at least one variable into the additive manufacturing apparatus  1714 , such as the dimensions and desired weight of the component part to be produced. The processor of the additive manufacturing apparatus  1714  can then run at least one algorithm embedded in the build file to generate at least one the operating parameter that would generate a component part exhibiting the desired characteristics. In some embodiments, the additive manufacturing apparatus  1714  can be programmed (via the build file) to generate a plurality of operating parameters as a function of another operating parameter. For example, the additive manufacturing apparatus  1714  may generate a set of operating parameters for each powdered material available to a user that would result in a component part having the dimensions, shapes, locations of interlocking arrangements, etc. that would provide the desired mechanical properties (e.g., the ability for it to be fabricated via additive manufacturing, the ability for it to include and use the interlocking arrangements for assembly and disassembly, etc.). A user may then select the powdered material (or other raw material, based on the method of additive manufacturing used) with the most desirable characteristics to be used by the additive manufacturing apparatus  1714  to make the component. The ability to make the component parts via additive manufacturing can obviate the need for a user to have to carry all of the component parts that he or she would conceivably need. 
     In some embodiments, each of the body  102 , the payload housing  200 , and the at least one arm  104  are structured entirely with additive manufactured material. Embodiments of the vehicle  100  can be configured so that each component can be produced via additive manufacturing. This can provide a user the ability to fabricate any component as-needed so that the user does not have to carry spare parts or parts that would be needed for re-configuration with him or her. Instead, the user merely fabricates the part on the spot. 
     The vehicle can include a cover  106  structured with additive manufactured material, wherein the at least one interlocking arrangement  308  is configured to removably secure the cover  106  to the body  102 . The body outer surface  324  can have a guide  700  and/or rail  702  formed therein. The guide  700  and/or rail  702  can be in the longitudinal direction  116  and/or latitudinal direction  118 . The cover  106  can have a cover outer surface  500  and a cover inner surface  502 . The cover inner surface  502  can have a rail  702  and/or guide  700  formed therein. The rail  702  and/or guide  700  can be in the longitudinal direction  116  and/or latitudinal direction  118 . Each rail  702  or guide  700  of the cover  106  can be configured to engage with each guide  700  or rail  702  of the body  102  to allow the cover  106  to be slidably connected to the body  102  and be secured in place. It is contemplated for the rail  702  to slide into the space of the guide  700  so as to generate a snug fit. Thus, the cross-sectional shape of the rail  702  can match or complement that of the guide  700  it is being slid into. The cross-sectional shape of the rail  702  and/or guide  700  can be square, arcuate, triangular, keystone, T-shaped, etc. The snug fit can be generated by the tight tolerance of the rail  702  and guide  700  dimensions, an interference snap connection, etc. It is contemplated for the cover  106  to be secured to the body  102  at the body top opening  310  so as to be placed over the body top opening  310 . The cover  106  can be used to cover, conceal, and/or protect the contents (e.g., the payload housing  200 , the operating module  202 , etc.) placed within the body cavity  306 . 
     In some embodiments, the at least one interlocking arrangement  308  is configured to be manually transitioned between an engaged configuration and a disengaged configuration. Any of the interlocking arrangements  308  described herein can be transitioned to and from an engaged configuration (e.g., the rail  702  being snugly fit within the guide  700 ) and a disengaged configuration (e.g., the rail  702  being removed from the guide  700 ). This transition can be done manually (e.g., without the use of tools or other equipment). The overall vehicle  100  structure, the shapes and configurations of the component parts, and the placement and configuration of the interlocking arrangements  308  can be specifically designed via FEA or other analytical methods to allow for this manual engagement and disengagement but to also provide a vehicle  100  that will operate and function effectively and reliably. Known vehicles cannot be assembled without the use of tools for assembly, and if their parts would be configured to be assembled without the use of tools then it would lead to a significant degradation in performance. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one arm  104  includes plural arms. In an exemplary embodiment, the vehicle  100  is configured as an unmanned, aerial vehicle that operates like a drone. In this regard, the vehicle  100  can include four arms  104 , each arm having a propeller  802  to provide lift and thrust so that the vehicle  100  can operate as a helicopter style rotocraft. For instance, the vehicle  100  can have a first arm  104 , a second arm  104 , a third arm  104 , and a fourth arm  104 . The first arm  104  can have a triangular shape, having a first side  316 , a second side  318 , and a third side  320  with an open center. The junction of the second side  318  and the third side  320  can include a mount  112 . The mount  112  can be configured to receive the rotatable motor  110 . The first side  316  can be structured to have an interlocking arrangement  308  that will facilitate the removable attachment of the arm  104  to the body  102 . The second arm  104  can have a triangular shape, having a first side  316 , a second side  318 , and a third side  320  with an open center. The junction of the second side  318  and the third side  320  can include a mount  112 . The mount  112  can be configured to receive the rotatable motor  110 . The first side  316  can be structured to have an interlocking arrangement  308  that will facilitate the removable attachment of the arm  104  to the body  102 . The third arm  104  can have a triangular shape, having a first side  316 , a second side  318 , and a third side  320  with an open center. The junction of the second side  318  and the third side  320  can include a mount  112 . The mount  112  can be configured to receive the rotatable motor  110 . The first side  316  can be structured to have an interlocking arrangement  308  that will facilitate the removable attachment of the arm  104  to the body  102 . The fourth arm  104  can have a triangular shape, having a first side  316 , a second side  318 , and a third side  320  with an open center. The junction of the second side  318  and the third side  320  can include a mount  112 . The mount  112  can be configured to receive the rotatable motor  110 . The first side  316  can be structured to have an interlocking arrangement  308  that will facilitate the removable attachment of the arm  104  to the body  102 . Each arm  104  can be connected to the body  102  via interlocking arrangements  308  located at or near the corners  120  of a rectangular cuboidal shaped body  102 . For instance, the first arm  104  can be connected to a first corner  120  via a first interlocking arrangement  308 , the second arm  104  can be connected to a second corner  120  via a second interlocking arrangement  308 , the third arm  104  can be connected to a third corner  120  via a third interlocking arrangement  308 , and the fourth arm  104  can be connected to a fourth corner  120  via a fourth interlocking arrangement  308 . 
     In some embodiments, the at least one arm  104  includes a failure point configured to facilitate mechanical failure of the at least one arm  104  upon experiencing a threshold force vector before transferring the threshold force vector to another component of the vehicle  100 . For instance, when the arm  104  is connected to the body  102 , the arm  104  can be configured to fail when a threshold force vector is applied to the arm  104  before the arm  104  transfers the threshold force vector to the body  102 . 
     In some embodiments, the at least one arm  104  includes a motor  110  configured to propel the vehicle  100 . As noted herein, the arm  104  can include a mount  112  configured to receive the motor  110 . The motor  110  can be an electric rotable motor with a spindle  114  extending therefrom to facilitate connection of a propeller  802  thereto. An exemplary motor  110  can be an AX-2810Q-750KV Brushless Quadcopter Motor, but other motors can be used. The connection of the propeller  802  to the spindle  114  can be via an interlocking arrangement  308 . The motor  110  can be configured to be secured to the mount  112  via a thumb-screw engagement. The motor  110  can include a gimbal assembly to allow for adjustment of pitch, roll, and/or yaw of the propeller  802  and/or the vehicle  100  itself. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one arm  104  includes an electrical connector conduit  108  configured to route an electrical connector  800  from the motor  110  to facilitate electrical communication between the motor  110  and the at least one operating module  202 . For instance, the second side  318  can include a channel or duct running along at least a portion of the second side  318  as the conduit  108  to allow routing an electrical connector  800 . The electrical connector  800  can be electrical wiring, terminals, adapters, plugs, sockets, etc. that can facilitate electrical communication between the motor  110  and the operating module  202  or an element of the operating module  202 . For instance, the first arm  104  can include an electrical connector conduit  108  along its second side  318  to facilitate routing an electrical connector  800  from the motor  110  of the first arm  104  to the operating module  202 , the second arm  104  can include an electrical connector conduit  108  along its second side  318  to facilitate routing an electrical connector  800  from the motor  110  of the second arm  104  to the operating module  202 , the third arm  104  can include an electrical connector conduit  108  along its second side  318  to facilitate routing an electrical connector  800  from the motor  110  of the third arm  104  to the operating module  202 , and the fourth arm  104  can include an electrical connector conduit  108  along its second side  318  to facilitate routing an electrical connector  800  from the motor  110  of the fourth arm  104  to the operating module  202 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  8 - 9   , the vehicle  100  can be configured to be an aerial vehicle, a land vehicle, and/or a water vehicle. In this regard, the method of propulsion can be tailored to accommodate the type of vehicle  100 . For instance, the motor(s)  110  for the aerial vehicle may be configured to drive the propellers  802 , the motor(s)  110  for a land vehicle may be configured to drive the wheel(s), the motor(s)  110  for the water vehicle may be configured to drive the propellers or thrusters, etc. The shape and dimensions of the component parts, the type and location of the interlocking arrangements  308 , the selection of the materials used for fabrication, etc. can be designed via finite element analyses or other analytics disclosed herein to meet the design criteria that will enable the vehicle  100  to operate as an aerial, land, or water vehicle while still meeting the criterial of: 1) having modular components; 2) being assembled and disassembled without the use of tools; and 3) having each component being able to be fabricated via additive manufacturing. 
     The vehicle  100  can be configured to be an autonomous vehicle. Embodiments of the vehicle  100  can be configured to operate autonomously, but can also be configured to operate manually (e.g., via remote control) and/or semi-autonomously. This can be achieved via the use of any one or combination of a navigation module  1102 , a surveillance module  1100 , and a telemetry module  1104  as part of the operating module  202 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  11   , in some embodiments, the at least one operating module  202  includes a navigation module  1102 , a surveillance module  1100 , and/or a telemetry module  1104 . Other types of operating modules  202  can be used. These can include, but are not limited to a delivery module, a mapping module, a scanning module, a tracking module, a storm-chasing module, photography module, wi-fi hotspot module, telemetry booster module, an advertising module, etc. The navigation module  1102  can include a navigation processor  1110  and a navigation sensor  1112 . The navigation module  1102  can be configured to communicate with at least one motor  110  of the vehicle  100  to facilitate navigation and propulsion of the vehicle  100 . The surveillance module  1100  can include a surveillance processor  1106  and a surveillance sensor  1108 . The surveillance module  1100  can be configured to receive raw data  1700  and generate distilled data  1702 . The telemetry module  1104  can include a telemetry processor  1114  and a telemetry transceiver  1116 . The telemetry module  1104  can be configured to transmit the distilled data  1702  to a computer device  1712 . 
     Any of the processors disclosed herein can be at least a one of a scalable processor, parallelizable processor, and optimized for multi-thread processing capabilities. In some embodiments, the processor can be a graphics processing unit (GPU). The processor can include any integrated circuit or other electronic device (or collection of devices) capable of performing an operation on at least one instruction including, without limitation, Reduced Instruction Set Core (RISC) processors, CISC microprocessors, Microcontroller Units (MCUs), CISC-based Central Processing Units (CPUs), and Digital Signal Processors (DSPs). The hardware of such devices may be integrated onto a single substrate (e.g., silicon “die”), or distributed among two or more substrates. Various functional aspects of the processor may be implemented solely as software or firmware associated with the processor 
     Any of the processors disclosed herein can be optionally associated with a memory. Embodiments of the memory can include a volatile memory store (such as RAM), non-volatile memory store (such as ROM, flash memory, etc.) or some combination of the two. For instance, the memory can include, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology CDROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by the processor. According to exemplary embodiments, the memory can be a non-transitory computer-readable medium. The term “computer-readable medium” (or “machine-readable medium”) as used herein is an extensible term that refers to any medium or any memory, that participates in providing instructions to the processor for execution, or any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). Such a medium may store computer-executable instructions to be executed by a processing element and/or control logic, and data which is manipulated by a processing element and/or control logic, and may take many forms, including but not limited to, non-volatile medium, volatile medium, and transmission media. 
     Transmission media includes coaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics, including the wires that include or form a bus. Transmission media can also take the form of acoustic or light waves, such as those generated during radio-wave and infrared data communications, or other form of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.). Forms of computer-readable media include, for example, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, or any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM, any other optical medium, punch-cards, paper-tape, any other physical medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM, and EPROM, a FLASH-EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrier wave as described hereinafter, or any other medium from which a computer can read. 
     Instructions for implementation of any of the methods disclosed herein can be stored on the memory in the form of computer program code. The computer program code can include program logic, control logic, or other algorithms that may or may not be based on artificial intelligence (e.g., machine learning techniques, artificial neural network techniques, etc.). 
     The navigation module  1102  can be an avionics module. For instance, the navigation module  1102  can include a navigation processor  1110  and a navigation sensor  1112  that will allow the operating module  202  to autonomously or semi-autonomously control the motors  110  (and thus the propellers  802 ) of the vehicle  100  to allow the vehicle  100  take-off, fly, navigate through an aerial space, and land. This can include controlling the lift, thrust, pitch, roll, and/or yaw vehicle  100 . 
     A method of using a vehicle  100  can involve manually assembling a payload housing  200  and at least one arm  104  to a body  102  via at least interlocking arrangement  308  used to secure the payload housing  200  to the body  102  and the at least one arm  104  to the body  102 . For instance, the payload housing  200  can be inserted within the body cavity  306  and secured in place via at least one interlocking arrangement  308 . The payload housing  200  can have at least one operating module  202  secured within the payload housing cavity  408 . The first, second, third, and fourth arms  104  can be attached to the body  102  via additional interlocking arrangements  308 . 
     The method of using a vehicle  100  can involve manually attaching at least one motor  110  to the at least one arm  104 . For instance, a first motor  110  can be secured to the first mount  112  of the first arm  104  via a thumb-screw engagement, a second motor  110  can be secured to the second mount  112  of the second arm  104  via a thumb-screw engagement, a third motor  110  can be secured to the third mount  112  of the third arm  104  via a thumb-screw engagement, and a fourth motor  110  can be secured to the fourth mount  112  of the fourth arm  104  via a thumb-screw engagement. An individual propeller  802  can be secured to each individual motor  110  (e.g., the vehicle XX can have four propellers  802  for the four motors  110 ). An electrical connector  800  for each arm  104  can be routed from the motor  110  of that arm  104  via the electrical connector conduit  108  to facilitate electrical communication between the motor  110  and the at least one operating module  202 . 
     In some embodiments, the method of using the vehicle  100  can involve fabricating the body  102 , the payload housing  200 , and the at least one arm  104  via additive manufacturing. This can involve fabricating the body  102 , the payload housing  200 , and the at least one arm  104  using the additive manufacturing apparatus  1714 . 
     In some embodiments, the method of using a vehicle  100  can involve receiving raw data  1700  including real time video stream information about an environment  1718 , and generating distilled data  1702  including still image information from the real time video stream information, the still image information including at least one object  1716  identified via an object classification and localization technique. Embodiments of the surveillance module  1100  can include a surveillance sensor  1108 . The surveillance sensor  1108  can be a camera (e.g., optical camera, digital camera, infrared camera, or other camera operating in another spectrum, etc.). The camera can be configured to record real time video stream information about the environment  1718 . Embodiments of the surveillance module  1100  can include a surveillance processor  1106 . The surveillance sensor  1108  can include other sensors, such as light detection and ranging sensors, sound sensors, Global Positioning System (GPS) antenna, optical flow sensors configured to track movement of objects, chemical sensors, biological sensors, radiological sensors, nuclear sensors, ultraviolet light sensors, particulate matter sensors, emissions sensors, etc. The surveillance processor  1106  can be configured to receive and process the real time video stream information and generate still image information therefrom. The still image information can be a portion or segment of the real time video stream, a compilation of plural portions or segments of the real time video stream, etc. For instance, the still image information can be an image or a file that is representative of the environment  1718  or a portion of the environment  1718  in a form that can be displayed, printed out (e.g., a virtual printout forming a file of the image), or processed further. The still image information can include additional information about the environment  1718 , such as identification of at least one object  1716  in the environment  1718  for example. This can be achieved by the surveillance processor  1106  executing an object classification and localization technique. The additional information can be superimposed on the image of the environment  1718  and/or displayed in juxtaposition with the image of the environment  1718 . 
     In some embodiments, the raw data  1700  can include location data (e.g., data received by a GPS when available). It may also include other data across the electromagnetic spectrum, which may include but is not limited to infrared, radio, laser reflection for object targeting/range/position, data from optical flow sensors to detect movement over a reference surface (ground, rooftops, etc.), chemical/biological sensors, and/or other environmental data depending on the payload selected. In some embodiments, the distilled data  1702  can include position (longitude, latitude, and altitude of object  1716 ) and can be presented in Military Grid Reference System MGRS coordinates, or presented via other positioning systems (e.g., WGS 84 global reference system, NAD 83 geodetic datum network, etc.) to report position on and/or over the ground. The distilled data  1702  can also include thermal signature information, time reference information, apparent motion of an object  1716  of interest, chemical/biological or other environmental and particulate information, etc. 
     It is contemplated for the surveillance processor  1106  to use at least one object classification and localization technique to identify objects  1716  within the environment  1718 . The identification of the objects  1716  can be based on the type of surveillance and reconnaissance and the AOO or an AOI. For instance, if the vehicle  100  is being used for military surveillance and reconnaissance, the object classification and localization technique can be used to identify places in which enemy personnel can hide (e.g., sniper nest, bunker, fighting position, vehicles located on a street, etc.). As another example, if the vehicle  100  is being used for a security detail, the object classification and localization technique can be used to identify potential threats, such as vehicles on a street, tanks, aircraft, defilades, etc. As another example, if the vehicle  100  is being used for police surveillance and reconnaissance, the object classification and localization technique can be used to identify personnel (criminal or hostage) in windows, behind walls, etc. 
     The object classification portion of the object classification and localization technique can be based on computer program code having program logic, control logic, or other algorithms that may or may not be based on artificial intelligence (e.g., machine learning techniques, artificial neural network techniques, etc.). For example, the surveillance processor  1106  can be associated with a memory that stores computer program code having a library of objects from which the surveillance processor  1106  uses as a comparison to identify an object  1716  in the raw data  1700 . For instance, the memory can have plural images of vehicles stored from which an object  1716  in the raw data  1700  is compared with to determine that the object  1716  is a vehicle. The plural images of vehicles can be from various angles (e.g., top view, side view, perspective view, etc.), can be of different styles of vehicles, can be of different colors of vehicles, etc. The real time video stream information can be split into images by separating the frames at certain intervals. Once a frame is isolated and separated, the computer program code can perform object detection and classification by causing the surveillance processor  1106  to compare the object  1716  from the raw data  1700  to the plural vehicles so that a statistic that represents the probability that the object  1716  is a vehicle can be generated. This statistic can be in the form of a confidence score  1800 . The computer program code can cause the surveillance processor  1106  to positively identify the object  1716  as a vehicle based on a threshold value of the confidence score  1800  (e.g., the surveillance processor  1106  identifies an object  1716  as a vehicle if the comparison generated a match with a confidence score  1800  greater than the threshold value). 
     Use of a vehicle for object identification is for exemplary purposes only, as other objects  1716  can be identified, such as persons, animals, buildings, streets, weapons, etc. In addition, other object recognition techniques, object size and shape recognition techniques, signal processing and filtration techniques (e.g., as Fourier transforms, Gabor transforms, etc.), mathematical modeling techniques, etc. can be used to identify and track objects  1716 , or a portion of an object  1716 . 
     The surveillance processor  1106  can be configured to identify all of the objects  1716  in the AOO or AOI, or it can be configured to identify certain objects  1716  of interest. For instance, embodiments of the object classification and localization technique can be used to identify all of the vehicles on a certain street. In some embodiments, the object classification and localization technique can omit or remove at least some of the other objects  1716  (objects other than the ones identified as vehicles) from the distilled data  1702  so that the still image information is a filtered image of the AOO or AOI. 
     In some embodiments, the object classification and localization technique can be configured so that the identified object  1716  is included in the distilled data  1702  only if it has not already been identified earlier, or previously identified earlier within a predetermined time frame. For example, if the real time video stream information is captured at 30 frames per second, it may be undesirable to have  120  images of the same object  1716  over a 4 second period. Thus, a frame/time buffer can be implemented to limit duplicative displays of the same object  1716 . For instance, the raw data  1700  can include several images from several frames of the same object  1716  but at different angles, but the frame/time buffer can be used to prevent duplicative displays of the same object  1716  that has been captured in this way. In an exemplary implementation, the surveillance sensor  1108  can capture real time video stream information about objects  1716  in the environment  1718 . The surveillance processor  1106  can run the real time video stream information through the frame/time buffer to allow the algorithm of the object classification and localization technique to examine each frame for object identification and localization. If an object  1716  is identified (e.g., is matched in accordance with a threshold confidence score with learned objects) an image of the object  1716  can be saved for inclusion in the distilled data  1702 , which can be later transmitted by the telemetry module  1104 . 
     Another aspect of the object classification and localization technique is the localization of objects  1716 . The localization of objects can involve determining and associating coordinates to identified objects  1716 . For instance, the surveillance processor  1106  can determine the objects’ coordinates (e.g., longitude, latitude, altitude, grid coordinates, etc.) and associate (or co-register) a set of coordinates for each identified object  1716 . The coordinates for an object  1716  can be determined via use of a GPS on-board the vehicle  100 , use of a reference grid map, use of optical parallax, etc. For instance, as a non-limiting, exemplary example, a GPS can be used to track the time and location of the vehicle  100 , an optical parallax system can be used to determine the location of objects  1716  relative to the vehicle  100 , and these locations can be compared to a reference grid of a map of the AOO or AOI to generate a set of coordinates for each identified object  1716 . Additional optical systems, such as range finders for example, can be used. In some embodiments, the coordinates for each identified object  1716  can be included with the distilled data  1702 . 
     In some embodiments, the method of using a vehicle  100  can involve receiving the raw data  1700  at a first data bandwidth  1706 , and transmitting the distilled data  1702  at a second data bandwidth  1708 , the second data bandwidth  1708  being less than the first data bandwidth  1706 . Some embodiments, can involve the vehicle  100  transmitting the distilled data  1702  to a computer device  1712  for further analysis or further or review or further analysis or further processing. It is contemplated for the data bandwidth requirements to transmit the distilled data  1702  to be low so as to obviate the need to establish a fast connection between the vehicle  100  and the computer device  1712  via the communications network  1710  that would otherwise be needed if the computations were performed by the computer device  1712 . For instance, the surveillance processor  1106  can be configured to perform the heavy computations and data analytics for collecting the raw data  1700  and transforming it to the distilled data  1702  before the distilled data  1702  is transmitted to the computer device  1712 . While the raw data  1700  is received by the surveillance processor  1106 , only the distilled data  1702  is transmitted to the computer device  1712  for additional processing and storage. This allows the majority of the data to be processed on-site (e.g., in the vehicle  100 ) via the algorithms programmed into the surveillance processor  1106 . In addition to lowering the data bandwidth requirements of the second data bandwidth  1708 , having the processing done at the surveillance processor  1106  ensures that the distilled data  1702  is generated, regardless of the operability of the communications network  1710  (e.g., regardless of having an internet connection or a fast internet connection). Thus, it is possible for the vehicle  100  to be navigated back to the user without having to transmit the data to a computation device that would otherwise be necessary to convert the data to distilled data  1702 . Once a user has the vehicle  100 , the distilled data  1702  can be retrieved. Therefore, while it is contemplated for the vehicle  100  to transmit the distilled data  1702  to a computer device  1712  during the surveillance and reconnaissance, the vehicle  100  can be optionally operated to not transmit the distilled data  1702  to the computer device  1712  during the surveillance and reconnaissance. Moreover, the on-board processing of the surveillance processor  1106  can facilitate configuring compatibilities of the vehicle’s software with that of any computer device  1712 . In addition, allowing the surveillance processor  1106  to perform the heavy computations and data analytics can result in the system operating quicker, using less computational resources, and obviate the need for an analyst to analyze the raw data  1700  and generate a report that would include the distilled data  1702  (i.e., the images of the objects  1716  of interest can be generated in the distilled data  1702  without the need for any user inputs). 
     In some embodiments, the method of using a vehicle can involve the first data bandwidth  1706  being &gt; 1 Mbps, and the second data bandwidth  1708  being &lt; 1 Mbps As noted herein, the data bandwidth requirement for the first data bandwidth  1706  can be large to accommodate large data inputs and processing (e.g., real time video stream information about the environment  1718 ). For instance, the first data bandwidth  1706  can be &gt; 1 Mbps. The data bandwidth requirement for the second data bandwidth  1708  can be small to accommodate small data inputs and processing. For instance, the second data bandwidth  1708  can be &lt; 1 Mbps. 
     In some embodiments the payload housing  200  includes plural payload housings having a first payload housing  200  and a second payload housing  200 , wherein the method of using the vehicle  100  involves manually securing the first payload housing  200  via the at least one interlocking arrangement  308 , manually removing the first payload housing  200  to disengage the at least one interlocking arrangement  308 , and manually securing the second payload housing  200  via the at least one interlocking arrangement  308 . As noted herein, components of the vehicle  100  can be removed, replaced, and/or interchanged easily and quickly via the interlocking arrangements  308 . This provides for a system with modular components that can be assembled and dis-assembled for re-configuration in a simple and efficient manner. This can be done to configure and re-configure the vehicle  100  to meet different operational criteria, thereby allowing a user to adjust the functionality of the vehicle’s  100  surveillance based on the mission criteria, which can improve the versatility of the vehicle  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the method of using the vehicle  100  can involve receiving first raw data  1700 , manually removing a first payload housing  200  to disengage the at least one interlocking arrangement  308 , manually securing a second payload housing  200  via the at least one interlocking arrangement  308 , and receiving second raw data  1700 , wherein the first raw data  1700  is different from the second raw data  1700 . The first payload housing  200  can include a first surveillance sensor  1108  configured to receive first raw data  1700  in the form of geological survey information, whereas the second payload housing  200  can include a second surveillance sensor  1108  configured to receive second raw data  1700  in the form of identifying hostiles in an area. This demonstrates the versatility of the system. 
     In some embodiments, the method of using the vehicle  100  can involve receiving raw data  1700  and transmitting first distilled data  1702 , manually removing a first payload housing  200  to disengage the at least one interlocking arrangement  308 , manually securing a second payload housing  200  via the at least one interlocking arrangement  308 , and receiving raw data  1700  and transmitting second distilled data  1702 , wherein the first distilled data  1702  is different from the second distilled data  1700 . The first payload housing  200  can include a first surveillance processor  1106  configured to receive raw data  1700  about an environment  1718  and generate first raw data  1700  that identifies places in which enemy personnel can hide, whereas the second payload housing  200  can include a second surveillance processor  1106  configured to receive the same raw data  1700  about an environment  1718  and generate second distilled data that identifies potential threats (e.g., certain types of vehicles). This again demonstrates the versatility of the system. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  11 - 16   , an operating module  202  for a vehicle  100  can include a navigation module  1102  including a navigation processor  1110  and a navigation sensor  1112  (or at least one navigation sensor  1112 ), the navigation module  1102  configured to communicate with a motor  110  (or at least one motor  110 ) of the vehicle  100  to facilitate navigation and propulsion of the vehicle  100 . The navigation module  1102  can be an avionics module for auto-piloting or semi-auto-piloting the vehicle  100  (e.g., it can include flight control logic to fly, stabilize, and navigate the vehicle). As a non-limiting, exemplary embodiment, the navigation module  1102  can be a Pixhawk 4, with a 32-bit ARM cortex M4 core with FPU navigation processor  1110  and at least one navigation sensor  1112  (e.g., MPU6000 accelerometer and gyroscope, a ST Micro 16-bit gyroscope, a ST Micro 14-bit accelerometer/compass magnetometer, a EAS barometer, etc.). Additional navigation sensors  1112  can be includes gyroscopes, accelerometers, barometric pressure sensors as required for inertial navigation inputs for a control system, etc. Other types of the navigation modules  1102  can be used. 
     The operating module  202  can include a surveillance module  1100  including a surveillance processor  1106  and a surveillance sensor  1108  (or at least one surveillance sensor  1108 ), the surveillance module  1100  configured to: receive raw data, the raw data  1700  including real time video stream information about an environment  1718 ; and generate distilled data  1702 , the distilled data  1702  including still image information from the real time video stream information, the still image information including at least one object identified via an object classification and localization technique. As a non-limiting, exemplary embodiment, the surveillance module  1100  can be a Jetson/J120, with a Jetson TX2 surveillance processor  1106  with a surveillance sensor  1108  (e.g., stereo camera, GPS, etc.). Other types of the surveillance modules  1100  can be used. 
     The operating module  202  can include a telemetry module  1104  including a telemetry processor  1114  and a telemetry transceiver  1116 , the telemetry module  1104  configured to transmit the distilled data  1702  to a computer device  1712 . As a non-limiting, exemplary embodiment, the telemetry module  1104  can be a 433 MHz PixHawk Ardupilot telemetry kit. Other types of the telemetry modules  1104  can be used. It is contemplated for the telemetry transmissions to be encrypted and transmitted via secure EM spectrum communication methods so as to provide a burst of distilled data  1702  (e.g., a final intelligence product) to the computer device  1712 . 
     As noted above, the distilled data  1702  can include coordinates for objects  1716 , thermal signature information, time, apparent motion of an object of interest, chemical/biological or other environmental and particulate information, etc. Any of these data can be combined with the telemetry data. 
     In some embodiments, the navigation module  1102  includes a GPS sensor. While the navigation module  1102  can include a GPS sensor, embodiments of the vehicle  100  can be configured to operate in a GPS denied/degraded environment. This can be achieved via sensor fusion and other artificial intelligence techniques to allow the navigation module  1102  to navigate the vehicle  100  without the GPS. For instance, the navigation module  1102  can include inertial sensors, optical flow sensors, range finders (e.g., laser or LIDAR), infrared cameras, sound or ultrasonic sensors, etc. The data from these sensors can be processed by the navigation processor  1110  to make statistical inferences about location, speed, velocity vectors, altitude, etc., which can then be used for navigation. 
     In some embodiments, the surveillance module  1100  includes a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) as the surveillance processor  1106 . The GPU can be configured to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer before generating the output. 
     In some embodiments, the telemetry module  1104  includes a gateway transceiver. 
       FIG.  11    shows an exemplary system schematic for an embodiment of the vehicle  100 . The vehicle  100  system can include a power management board (PMB)  1124 , which may include an adjustable-thermal fixed-magnetic circuit breaker (FMU)  1126 . The PMB  1124  can be in connection with a battery  1118  (e.g., 14.8 V battery) and a universal battery elimination circuit (UBEC)  1122 . The surveillance module  1100  can be in connection with the PMB  1124  and the battery  1118  and/or UBEC  1122 . The surveillance module  1100  can be equipped with a transmitter  1120  and at least one surveillance sensor  1108  (e.g., a visible spectrum camera, an infrared camera, a sound sensor, etc.). Any one or combination of the surveillance sensors  1108  can be connected to the surveillance processor  1106  or the PMB  1124 . The navigation module  1102  can include a navigation processor  1110  in connection with the PMB. The navigation module  1102  can have a navigation sensor  1112  connected to the navigation processor  1110 . The telemetry module  1104  can include a telemetry processor  1114  in connection with the navigation processor  1110 . The telemetry module  1104  can have a transceiver  1116  in connection with the telemetry processor  1114  and/or the navigation processor  1110 . The FMU  1126  can include at least one input/output (I/O) device  1128 . Each I/O device  1128  can provide electrical communication between the PMB  1124  an electronic speed control circuit (ESCC)  1130 . Each individual ESCC  1130  can be connected to an individual motor  110  via an individual pin connector  1132 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  17   , some embodiments can include a communications network  1710  configured to facilitate communication between the telemetry module  1104  and the computer device  1712 , wherein: the surveillance module  1100  is configured to receive the raw data  1700  at a first data bandwidth  1706 ; and the telemetry module  1104  is configured to transmit the distilled data  1702  at a second data bandwidth  1708 . In some embodiments, the vehicle  100  can be part of or in connection with a communications network  1710 . For example, the telemetry module  1104  can include switches, transmitters, transceivers, routers, gateways, etc. to facilitate communications via a communication protocol that facilitates controlled and coordinated signal transmission and processing. The communication links can be established by communication protocols that allow vehicle  100  to form a communication interface. The communication interface can be configured to allow the vehicle  100  (e.g., the telemetry module  1104 ) and another device (e.g., the computer device  1712 ) to form a communications network  1710 . The communications network  1710  can be configured as a long range wired or a wireless network, such as an Ethernet, telephone, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, wireless protocol, cellular, satellite network, cloud computing network, etc. Embodiments of the communications network  1710  can be configured as a predetermined network topology. This can include a mesh network topology, a point-to-point network topology, a ring (or peer-to-peer) network topology, a star (point-to-multiple) network topology, or any combination thereof. 
     In some embodiments, the computer device  1712  can be configured to communicate with a control processor (e.g., chip, expansion card, microcontroller, PID controller, etc.) associated with a module  202 ,  1100 ,  1102 ,  1104  of the vehicle  100  and to facilitate data transmissions between the computer device  1712  and at least one module  202 ,  1100 ,  1102 ,  1104 , of the vehicle  100 . In addition, any of the components of the vehicle  100  can have an application programming interface (API) and/or other interface configured to facilitate the computer device  1712  that is in communication with the vehicle  100  executing commands and controlling aspects of the vehicle  100 . Embodiments of the computer device  1712  can be programmed to generate a user interface configured to facilitate control of and display of various operational aspects of the vehicle  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the first data bandwidth  1706  is &gt; 1 Mbps, and the second data bandwidth  1708  is &lt; 1 Mbps. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  18 - 19   , in some embodiments, the surveillance module  1100  is configured to use machine learning as part of the object classification and localization technique, the machine learning generating a confidence score  1800  for each identified object  1716 , the confidence score  1800  being a probabilistic measure of the identified object falling within a match parameter of a learned object. As noted herein, the surveillance processor  1106  can be associated with a memory that stores computer program code having a library of objects from which the surveillance processor  1106  uses as a comparison to identify an object  1716  in the raw data  1700 , and the computer program code can cause the surveillance processor  1106  to positively identify the object  1716  (e.g., identify it as a vehicle for example) based on a threshold value of the confidence score  1800 . The matched parameter used in the object classification and localization technique can be the shape, size, location, etc. of the object that falls within the learned shapes, sizes, locations, etc. of a vehicle. 
     In some embodiments, the surveillance module  1100  is configured to include the identified object  1716  with the still image information only when the confidence score is &gt; 80% or some selectable or configurable threshold as determined by a user. The object classification and localization technique can omit or remove at least some objects  1716  (objects other than the ones identified as vehicles) from the distilled data  1702  so that the still image information is a filtered image of the AOO or AOI. In addition, or in the alternative, the object classification and localization technique can only identify objects that have a confidence score  1800  greater than a threshold value, and otherwise does not identify them, but still generates an image of the object  1716  (identified or not) to include in the distilled data  1702 . 
     In some embodiments, the surveillance module  1100  is configured to display the confidence score  1800  associated with each identified object  1716  within the distilled data  1702 . For example, the virtual printout forming a file of the image of the environment  1718  can include each identified object  1716  with its associated confidence score  1800  juxtaposed with the object  1716 . 
     In some embodiments, the surveillance module  1100  is configured to convert the still image information into a Portable Document Format (PDF) file or another file format. For instance, the virtual printout file can be in PDF format, XML format, RTF format, DOC format, RTF format, etc. 
     In some embodiments, the navigation module  1102  is configured to generate vehicle  100  coordinates and the surveillance module  1100  is configured to use the vehicle  100  coordinates and a ranging technique to generate object coordinates for the at least one identified object. For instance, a GPS of the navigation module  1102  can be used to track the time and location of the vehicle  100 , and a laser range finder can be used to determine the location (e.g., via optical triangulation, etc.) of objects  1716  relative to the vehicle  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the navigation module  1102  is configured for navigation and propulsion of an autonomous vehicle  100 . As noted herein, embodiments of the vehicle  100  can be configured to be operated remotely by a user, autonomously, or semi-autonomously. 
     A method of surveillance can involve receiving raw data  1700  at a first data bandwidth  1706 , the raw data  1700  including real time video stream information about an environment  1718 . 
     The method of surveillance can involve generating distilled data  1702 , the distilled data  1702  including still image information from the real time video stream information, the still image information including at least one object  1716  identified via an object classification and localization technique. 
     The method of surveillance can involve transmitting the distilled data  1702  at a second data bandwidth  1708 , the first data bandwidth  1706  being greater than the second data bandwidth  1708 . 
     In some embodiments, the method of surveillance can involve the first data bandwidth  1706  being &gt; 1 Mbps, and the second data bandwidth  1708  being &lt; 1 Mbps. 
     In some embodiments, the object classification and localization technique involves machine learning to generate a confidence score  1800  for each identified object  1716 , the confidence score  1800  being a probabilistic measure of the identified object  1716  falling within a match parameter of a learned object. 
     In some embodiments, the method of surveillance can involve including the identified object  1716  with the distilled data only when the confidence score  1800  is &gt; 80% or some selectable or configurable threshold as determined by a user. 
     In some embodiments, the method of surveillance can involve displaying the confidence score  1800  associated with each identified object  1716  within the distilled data  1702 . 
     In some embodiments, generating the distilled data  1702  involves converting the still image information into a Portable Document Format (PDF) file or another file format. 
     An operating module  202  for a vehicle can include a navigation module  1102  including a navigation processor  1110  and a navigation sensor  1112 , the navigation module  1102  configured to communicate with a motor  110  (or at least one motor  110 ) of the vehicle  100  for navigation and propulsion of the vehicle  100 . 
     The operating module  202  for a vehicle  100  can include a surveillance module  1100  including a surveillance processor  1106  and a surveillance sensor  1108 , the surveillance module  1100  configured to: receive raw data  1700 , the raw data  1700  including real time video stream information about an environment  1718 ; and process the raw data  1700  to generate distilled data  1702 , the distilled data  1702  including a still image information from the real time video stream information, the still image information including at least one object  1716  identified via an object classification and localization technique. 
     The operating module  202  for a vehicle  100  can include a telemetry module  1104  including a telemetry processor  1114  and a telemetry transceiver  1116 , the telemetry module  1104  configured to transmit the distilled data  1702  to a computer device  1712 . 
     In some embodiments, the navigation module  1102  generates vehicle  100  coordinates and the surveillance module  1100  uses the vehicle  100  coordinates and a ranging technique to generate object coordinates for the at least one object  1716 . 
     In some embodiments, the surveillance module  1100  co-registers the object coordinates with the at least one object  1716  and includes the co-register object coordinates as part of the distilled data  1702 . 
     In some embodiments, the navigation module  1102  includes a GPS sensor. 
     In some embodiments, the surveillance module  1100  includes a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) processor. 
     In some embodiments, the telemetry module  1104  includes a gateway transceiver. 
     Some embodiments can include a communications network  1710  configured to facilitate communication between the telemetry module  1104  and the computer device  1712 , wherein: the surveillance module  1100  is configured to receive the raw data  1700  at a data bandwidth of &gt; 1 Mbps; and the telemetry module  1104  is configured to transmit the distilled data  1702  at a data bandwidth of &lt; 1 Mbps. 
     In some embodiments, the surveillance module  1100  is configured to use machine learning as part of the object classification and localization technique, the machine learning generating a confidence score  1800  for each identified object  1716  that is a probabilistic measure of the identified object  1716  falling within a match parameter of a learned object. 
     In some embodiments, the surveillance module  1100  is configured to include the identified object  1716  with the distilled data  1702  only when the confidence score is &gt; 80% or some selectable or configurable threshold as determined by a user. 
     In some embodiments, the surveillance module  1100  is configured to display the confidence score  1800  associated with each identified object within the distilled data  1702 . 
     In some embodiments, the surveillance module  1100  is configured to convert the distilled data  1702  into a Portable Document Format (PDF) file or another file format. 
     In some embodiments, the navigation module  1102  is configured for navigation and propulsion of an autonomous vehicle  100 . 
     A method of surveillance can involve receiving raw data  1700  at a first data bandwidth  1706 , the raw data  1700  including real time video stream information about an environment  1718 . 
     The method of surveillance can involve generating distilled data  1702  from the raw data  1700 , the distilled data  1702  including a still image information from the real time video stream information, the still image information including at least one object  1716  identified via an object classification and localization technique. 
     The method of surveillance can involve co-registering object coordinates for the at least one identified object as part of the distilled data  1702 . 
     The method of surveillance can involve transmitting distilled data  1702  at a second data bandwidth  1708 . 
     The method of surveillance can involve the first data bandwidth  1706  being &gt; 1 Mbps, and the second data bandwidth  1708  being &lt; 1 Mbps. 
     In some embodiments, the object classification and localization technique involves machine learning to generate a confidence score  1800  for each identified object  1716 , the confidence score  1800  being a probabilistic measure of the identified object  1716  falling within a match parameter of a learned object. 
     The method of surveillance can involve including the identified the object  1716  with the distilled data  1702  only when the confidence score  1800  is &gt; 80% or some selectable or configurable threshold as determined by a user. 
     The method of surveillance can involve displaying the confidence score  1800  associated with each identified object within the distilled data  1702 . 
     The method of surveillance can involve generating the distilled data  1702  involves converting the still image information into a Portable Document Format (PDF) file or another file format. 
     Embodiments of the method disclosed herein can provide a platform for a vehicle  100  that can be made in an inexpensive and quick manner, using additive manufacturing capabilities. With the use of FEA, build files for the additive manufacturing apparatus  1714  can be made to generate vehicle designs having limited number of parts and that do not require any tools for assembly. This can allow the vehicle  100  to be assembled by a single person in less than four minutes. In addition, embodiments of the vehicle  100  can be fabricated to make disposable component parts, which can save dedicated storage space (e.g., a user does not have to carry already-made spare and replacement parts on his/her person) and provide convenient, print-on-demand replacement parts. In addition, embodiments of the vehicle  100  can allow for faster and easier maintenance (comparable to known systems). For example, a damaged arm  104  can be replaced without tools in less than 30 seconds. 
     Use of additive manufacturing for fuselage components of an unmanned aerial vehicle  100  can reduce the logistics required for spare parts since replacement parts can be manufactured one the spot in forward deployed locations (e.g., locations that would otherwise require significant time, resources, and logistical support to supply spare parts). The design of the vehicle  100  can be modular to allow for multiple payload packages that can be carried by different replaceable payload housings  200 . This can be used to meet different mission scenarios in real-time. Additionally, this allows for compact packaging to support soldiers transporting the system, as the vehicle  100  does not require tools for assembly. This again reduces the logistics that would otherwise be required for special tools and test equipment. 
     Some embodiments can provide an unmanned aerial vehicle  100  that weighs at little as five pounds and takes up less than  420  cubic inches of space (when assembled), and even less space when disassembled. When assembled, the vehicle  100  can occupy one tenth the space of standard U.S. Army ruck-sack. 
     Embodiments of the vehicle  100  can be designed for autonomous flight regimes, which can reduce the user’s workload during operations. In some embodiments, the vehicle  100  can include onboard intelligence collection and analysis using computer vision and machine learning technologies and algorithms. This eliminates the need to stream full motion video back to ground stations (e.g., back to the computer device  1712 ) for further analysis and processing, reducing the time, resource, and spectrum bandwidth requirements by orders of magnitude from known unmanned intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance applications. 
     The on-board processing of the surveillance processor  1106  allows for the software used by the operating module  202  to be highly customizable, which can allow the user to focus of the surveillance on predetermined objects  1716  rather than spending time and resources looking through and analyzing all of the objects  1716  captured by each frame. For example, the user can choose to focus on information such as the presence of enemy tanks or sniper nests in broken windows. In addition to saving time, the bandwidth required to send information is also greatly decreased, since only targeted images are sent to the computer device  1712  instead of a live, full-motion video. The machine learning capabilities of the vehicle  100  can decrease the time and effort it takes the user (or the computer device  1712 ) to receive and analyze intel by pushing the collection and processing of the intel onboard the operating module  202  rather than having the user pull the data to their location (e.g., the computer device  1712 ). 
     Some embodiments of the vehicle  100  can have a body  102  including at least one mount  112 , each mount  112  configured to secure a motor  110 . For instance, the body  102  may not be configured to have a body cavity  306 . 
     The vehicle  100  can have a payload including at least one operating module  202  for the vehicle  100 . For instance, the vehicle  100  may not include a payload housing  200 . 
     The vehicle  100  can include at least one interlocking arrangement  308  configured to removably secure the payload to the body  102 . For example, the payload can have a corresponding interlocking arrangement  308  and/or a structural formation (configured to engage the interlocking arrangement  308 ) to facilitate securing the payload to the body  102 . 
     The body  102  can be structured with additive manufactured material. 
     Each mount  112  can be disposed in or on a structure extending from the body  102  and/or removably attached to the body  102 . 
     The structure can include any one or combination of: a pillared structure, a tripod structure, a crossbar structure, a pyramid structure, and an arm  104 . For instance, the body  102  can have at least one pillar, tripod, or pyramid structure extending from a surface of the body  102 . Other shaped structured can be used. The mounts  112  can be disposed in or on any one or combination of these structures. As another example, the body  102  can have risers, pillars, sidewalls  302 , etc. extending from a surface of the body  102  that are connected by a crossbar. The mounts  112  can be disposed in or on the crossbar. 
     In some embodiments, the structure is configured to extend orthogonally or non-orthogonally from a top of the body  102 , orthogonally or non-orthogonally from a bottom of the body  102 , and/or orthogonally or non-orthogonally from a side of the body  102 . This can be done to facilitate supporting the motors  110  (attached to the mounts  112 ) in a manner that is conducive for the type of propulsion used by the vehicle  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the structure is configured as an arm  104  and the at least one interlocking arrangement  308  is configured to removably secure the arm  104  to the body  102 . 
     In some embodiments, the structure includes a hinged joint. The hinged joint can be a barrel hinge, pivot hinge, spring hinge, a socket and pinion joint, etc. 
     In some embodiments, the structure is pivoted about the hinged joint to transition the structure to and from a stowed position and a deployed position. For instance, the structure can include a first structure member hingedly connected to a second structure member. The first structure member can be attached to the body  102  via the interlocking arrangement  308 . The second structure member can be configured to have the mount  112 . Either the first structure member or the second structure member can have a channel that is sized and shaped to receive the other structure member. For instance, the first structure member has a channel that is sized and shaped to receive the second structure member so that when the second structure member is rotated about the hinged joint the first structure member receives the second structure member. When the second structure member is received within the first structure member, this can form the stowed position. When then second structure member is extended out from the channel of the first structure member, this can form the deployed position. A locking mechanism (e.g., a locking tab, a slide pin, a pin and detent feature, etc.) can be used to selectively lock the structure in the stowed and/or deployed position. 
     As another example, the body  102  can have the channel or a sleeve configured to receive the second structure member. The second structure member can be rotated about the hinged joint so that the channel or sleeve of the body  102  receives the second structure member. When the second structure member is received within the channel or sleeve, this can form the stowed position. When then second structure member is extended out from the channel or sleeve, this can form the deployed position. Again, a locking mechanism can be used to selectively lock the structure in the stowed and/or deployed position. 
     Transitioning the structures to and from the stowed and deployed positions can allow a user to compact the vehicle  100  so as to occupy a smaller volume of space (e.g., when in the stowed position) and expand the vehicle  100  when ready for operational use (e.g., when in the deployed position). 
     In some embodiments, the body  102  can be configured as any one or combination of: a walled member having a body cavity  306  formed within the body  102 , the body cavity  306  being configured to receive the payload; a single planar member configured to support the payload on a surface thereof; and plural planar members configured to retain the payload by sandwiching the payload. Embodiments of the walled member (e.g., the body  102  having sidewalls  302 ) are described above. 
     The body  102  being formed as a single planar member can include an interlocking arrangement  308  disposed in or on a surface of the single planar member to facilitate securement of the payload, payload housing  200 , and or arm  104 . 
     The body  102  being formed as plural planar members can include an interlocking arrangement  308  disposed in or on a surface of any one or combination of planar members to facilitate securement of the payload, the payload housing  200 , and/or the arm  104 . In one embodiment, the plural planar members can include a first planar member and a second planar member. The first planar member can have an interlocking arrangement  308  to facilitate securement of the second planar member, the payload, payload housing  200 , and/or the arm  104 . The second planar member can have an interlocking arrangement  308  to facilitate securement of the first planar member, the payload, payload housing  200 , and/or the arm  104 . As a non-limiting, example, the first planar member can have an interlocking arrangement  308  to facilitate securement of the payload and/or payload housing  200 . An additional interlocking arrangement  308  can be disposed on the first planar member to facilitate securement of the second planar member so that the second planar member sandwiches the payload and/or payload housing  200 . 
     In some embodiments, the motor  110  is configured to drive a propulsion means for the vehicle  100 . The propulsion means can include any one or combination of an impeller, a propeller  802 , a thruster, and a drivetrain. As noted above, the vehicle  100  can be configured as an aerial vehicle, a land vehicle, water vehicle, and/or space vehicle. If the vehicle  100  is intended for use as a land vehicle, the propulsion means may be a drivetrain. If the vehicle  100  is intended for use as a water vehicle, the propulsion means may be an impeller or thruster. If the vehicle  100  is intended for use as an aerial vehicle, the propulsion means may be a propeller. If the vehicle  100  is intended for use as a space vehicle, the propulsion means may be a thruster. 
     A method of producing a vehicle  100  can involve generating a body  102  via additive manufacturing. The method can involve generating a payload including at least one operating module  202  for the vehicle  100 . At least one interlocking arrangement  308  can be included in or on the body  102  and be configured to removably secure the payload to the body  102  by manual assembly. The term manual assembly used herein includes assembly via a tool-less fashion (e.g., without the use of tools). 
     The method can involve generating at least one structure via additive manufacturing with a mount  112  disposed therein or thereon. The mount  112  can be configured to secure a motor  110 . 
     The method can involve generating the structure so as to be removably secured to the body  102  via at least one interlocking arrangement  308 . 
     The method can involve generating a payload housing  200  via additive manufacturing. The payload housing  200  can be configured to retain the payload and be configured to be removably secured to the body  102  via at least one interlocking arrangement  308 . 
     In at least one embodiment, the method can involve generating at least one structure via additive manufacturing with a mount  112  disposed therein or thereon, the mount  112  being configured to secure a motor  110 . In addition, at least one structure can be removably secured to the body  102  via at least one interlocking arrangement  308 . The method can involve generating a payload housing  200  via additive manufacturing, the payload housing  200  being configured to retain the payload and configured to be removably secured to the body  102  via at least one interlocking arrangement  308 . 
     In some embodiments, the method can involve any one or combination of the body  102 , the structure, and the payload housing  200  being generated via additive manufacturing performed at a first location and/or a second location. The first location can be a manufacturing facility. The second location can be an area at or near an environment  1718  within which the vehicle  100  will be operated. For instance, a first additive manufacturing apparatus  1714  can be located at the first location and a second additive manufacturing apparatus  1714  can be located at the second location. Being near the environment  1718  can include being within operational reach of the environment  1718  (e.g., the vehicle  100  can be navigated to the environment  1718  from the second location and still have enough power to allow it to effectively perform its intended function and still be within range so as to allow for telecommunication between it and the computer device  1712 ). None, some, or all of the component parts of the vehicle  100  can be fabricated using the first additive manufacturing apparatus  1714 , while none, some or all components are fabricated using the first additive manufacturing apparatus  1714 . The determination of which components are made using the first additive manufacturing apparatus  1714  and which component parts are made using the second additive manufacturing apparatus  1714  can be based on the intended use of the vehicle  100  and the environmental constraints associated with that use. For instance, the vehicle  100  may be intended to use by a soldier in the field to gather intelligence about the environment  1718 . The soldier may have to carry the components of the vehicle  100  and/or the second additive manufacturing apparatus  1714  to the second location. Factors of: a) the burden of carrying the equipment; b) the ability and speed with which the second additive manufacturing apparatus  1714  can fabricate component parts; c) mission constraints (e.g., operational security, weather conditions, etc.); etc. will dictate which component parts are made using the first additive manufacturing apparatus  1714  and which component parts are made using the second additive manufacturing apparatus  1714 . 
     If any of the components becomes damaged or requires re-design, any of the components can be fabricated for such purposes using any one or combination of the first additive manufacturing apparatus  1714  and the second additive manufacturing apparatus  1714 . 
     The method can involve determining, via Finite Element Analysis (“FEA”), design criteria (e.g., shape and configuration) of any one or combination of the body  102 , the structure, and the payload housing  200 . 
     In some embodiments, the FEA uses operational parameters related to a type of propulsion for which the motor  110  is configured, a type of surveillance for which the operating module  202  is configured, and/or environmental constraints (e.g., weather conditions, atmospheric altitude, water depth, pressure conditions, temperature conditions, chemical exposure conditions, radiation exposure conditions, light exposure conditions, low earth orbit conditions, other planetary conditions, outer-space conditions, etc.) within which the vehicle  100  will be operated. 
     In some embodiments, the environmental constraints include any one or combination of: transport of the second additive manufacturing apparatus  1712  and/or components of the vehicle  100  to the second location. The components can include the body  102 , the structure, the payload, the payload housing  200 , raw material for the build, the motor  110 , a battery unit, circuitry, sensors, propulsion means (e.g., an impeller, a propeller  802 , a thruster, a drivetrain, etc.), and ability and speed with which the additive manufacturing at the second location generates components of the vehicle  100 . 
     It will be understood that modifications to the embodiments disclosed herein can be made to meet a particular set of design criteria. For instance, any of vehicles  100 , operating modules  202 , surveillance modules  1100 , navigation modules  1102 , telemetry modules  1104 , communications network  1710  components, body portions  102 , arm portions  104 , payload housing portions  200 , motors  110 , or any other component can be any suitable number or type of each to meet a particular objective. Therefore, while certain exemplary embodiments of the vehicle  100  and methods of using the same disclosed herein have been discussed and illustrated, it is to be distinctly understood that the invention is not limited thereto but can be otherwise variously embodied and practiced within the scope of the following claims. 
     It will be appreciated that some components, features, and/or configurations can be described in connection with only one particular embodiment, but these same components, features, and/or configurations can be applied or used with many other embodiments and should be considered applicable to the other embodiments, unless stated otherwise or unless such a component, feature, and/or configuration is technically impossible to use with the other embodiment. Thus, the components, features, and/or configurations of the various embodiments can be combined together in any manner and such combinations are expressly contemplated and disclosed by this statement. 
     It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The presently disclosed embodiments are therefore considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restricted. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description and all changes that come within the meaning and range and equivalence thereof are intended to be embraced therein. Additionally, the disclosure of a range of values is a disclosure of every numerical value within that range, including the end points.