Patent Publication Number: US-8116808-B2

Title: Numeric based addressing for enhanced telephony and multimedia services

Description:
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/044,902, entitled Numeric Based Addressing for Enhanced Telephony and Multimedia Services, filed Apr. 14, 2008, which is incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     The disclosed subject matter is in the field of communication networks and, more particularly, the provisioning of telephony and data services via broadband networks 
     BACKGROUND 
     The public switched telephone network (PSTN) employs numeric based addressing in the form of conventional telephone numbers to enable users to communicate with each other. In contrast, much of the addressing paradigm for network-based content including multimedia content is alphanumeric from the end user&#39;s perspective. For example, alphanumeric expressions, in the form of uniform resource identifiers (URIs), are widely employed to access content via an Internet protocol (IP) compliant network such as the Internet itself. 
     Another distinction between conventional telephone services and IP based content is the directory services available to locate “others” on the network, e.g., telephone numbers in the case of traditional telephone services and URIs in the case of IP based networks. Locating content on IP networks generally includes an end user accessing a search engine with a browser to formulate and submit a content search, generally including an alphanumeric text string containing keywords, i.e., words that convey a description of the desired content. 
     Convergence of telephony and data services is progressing rapidly. Although Voice over IP (VoIP) has been viable for some time, the advent of third generation (3G) networks including 3G wireless networks will accelerate the deployment of telephony services on IP-based platforms. The increasing pervasiveness and sophistication of cellular telephones, personal data administrators (PDAs), and other network-capable handheld devices has similarly expanded the volume of data traffic accessed via mobile telephony devices. 
     In a related trend, multimedia content providers including traditional radio and television broadcasters, satellite providers, and others are increasingly making their content available on the Internet. This trend has expanded the number and geography-base of the recipients of this type of content and challenged traditional assumptions and models regarding the most effective form of advertising for these channels. At the same time, other multimedia content providers including “new media” stations are emerging that use the Internet as their exclusive distribution medium. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an exemplary display screen of an embodiment of an end user device populated with information and selectable objects pertaining to an individual; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates an exemplary display screen populated with information and selectable objects pertaining to a restaurant; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates an exemplary display screen populated with information and selectable objects pertaining to a movie theater; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates an embodiment of abbreviated dialing for a radio station; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates an embodiment of a contacts menu; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates an exemplary display screen populated with information and selectable objects pertaining to a radio station; 
         FIG. 7  illustrates an exemplary display screen populated with information and selectable objects pertaining to a television station; 
         FIG. 8  illustrates selected elements of an embodiment of a network for implementing numeric based addressing and directory services; 
         FIG. 9  illustrates selected elements of an alternative embodiment of a network for implementing numeric based addressing and directory services; 
         FIG. 10  illustrates selected elements of an embodiment of peer-to-peer communication and delivery of information; 
         FIG. 11  illustrates selected elements of an embodiment of a network for implementing numeric based addressing and directory services; 
         FIG. 12  illustrates selected architectural elements of an embodiment of a network for implementing numeric based addressing and directory services emphasizing multimedia content components; 
         FIG. 13  illustrates selected elements of an exemplary software platform for an end user device; and 
         FIG. 14  is a block diagram of selected elements of an exemplary end user device according to one embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
     In one aspect, the disclosed subject matter encompasses a network addressing scheme based on telephone numbers, radio station frequencies, television station channels, and other non-conflicting channel numbers to provide access to a variety of services and content for end user devices (EUDs) that have access to wired and/or wireless networks. 
     A large number of traditional radio and television broadcasters are now streaming their content over the Internet in order to expand their base of listeners and viewers. In addition, thousands of “new media” stations which broadcast their content exclusively on the Internet have also emerged. Such stations are growing in popularity. 
     Many directories exist for online radio and TV content. Such directories may provide content listings along with links to each of the stations. This approach to providing content directories, while adequate for most Personal Computer (PC) users has numerous limitations. It is not suitable for use in broadband-connected consumer devices that have a limited display and a limited number of buttons, such as 3G mobile phones, IP Phones, Internet radios or portable wireless media players. In addition, it is difficult to keep up to date, as stations make changes to their websites resulting in changes in the URL address of the station&#39;s media server. Moreover, it is not complete as many smaller US stations and individual broadcasters as well as international broadcasters are kept out by some of the directories. 
     There is no single, universal addressing scheme that is used to uniquely identify and tune to a particular station. The addressing scheme that is used on the Internet is world wide web-centric and not telephony centric, i.e. to listen to the streaming of a radio station, such as KUT (Austin, Tex. 90.5 FM), the user has to first look up the station&#39;s web address, access and navigate through the website and launch a media player which supports the streaming and audio formats that are used by the station. Such tasks are relatively easy to do on a PC, but are cumbersome, if not impossible to do on a mobile telephone or a car radio, for example. 
     The public switched telephone network (PSTN) and the cellular networks have both developed over many decades and have focused primarily on the reliable delivery of voice communication. Both networks are evolving towards IP-based signaling and transport systems which are more cost-effective than circuit-switched technologies. Content is located at fixed or dynamic IP addresses that are tracked by Domain Name Servers (DNS). Web browsers are used to access search engines which are used to locate content. DNS servers provide IP address lookup and web browsers are used to access the content. A broadband telephone cannot readily “dial” into such content. 
     Groups such as E.164 Number Mapping (ENUM) facilitate IP-based communication services by providing a standard for associating telephone numbers with Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) addresses, e-mail addresses, and general Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). ENUM provides telephone numbers to domain name-based URI association. Thus, a browser-equipped telephone could employ ENUM to access some Internet-based content that is associated with a destination telephone number but, apart from the telephone number to URI association, ENUM implementations are based on a domain name platform. 
     In the described embodiments, telephone numbers are directly associated with information, services, and content. The association is done based on the telephone number and not on a domain-name basis. The telephone number is not simply a proxy for a domain name. 
     In at least some of the disclosed embodiments, a telephone number is not used solely as a source or destination of a voice communication (telephone call), but also as a source or destination of data services, including multimedia content services, that may be provided or supported by an entity that is associated with the telephone number. The entity may be a business entity, a person, or another type of entity. For example, Mr. John Doe has an EUD that serves as a cellular telephone and as a portable digital audio player such as an MP3 player. The number 555-1234 serves as the telephone number for the cellular telephone. In some embodiments, the same number (555-1234) is also associated with the MP3 player. Another party can reach Mr. Doe&#39;s EUD by simply dialing the number from another terminal with MP3 capability. If, however, the same number is entered with a specified termination key or key sequence referred to herein as a data termination sequence (DTS), the other party may be presented with access to the content associated with Mr. Doe&#39;s MP3 player, Mr. Doe&#39;s digital photos, and so forth. 
     In this manner, a number enables a “caller” not only to talk with the entity associated with the number, but also to access content or services that are associated with the number. In this implementation, Mr. Doe&#39;s EUD serves as a source or broadcaster of content that Mr. Doe can choose to make available to a small circle of friends and family or to the world. 
     Thus, in some aspects, the disclosed subject matter discloses a method of accessing content from broadcasters that differs from traditional over-the-air and/or over-the-web accessed content. The disclosed method associates a broadcaster&#39;s content with the broadcaster&#39;s telephone number or a telephone-like number. In the case of traditional broadcasters, since subscribers may not be familiar with the full telephone number of a particular radio station, the disclosed subject matter includes an exemplary plan for assigning readily memorable abbreviated numbers to a broadcaster. In some embodiments, the abbreviated numbers leverage the country and city/area code where the broadcaster is located together with the frequency (for radio stations) or channel (for TV stations). For example, in some embodiments, an abbreviated number for the Austin, Tex. radio station KUT, is 512 90*5, which includes the area code for Austin (512) and the broadcast frequency of the radio station. If this abbreviated number is followed by a DTS, the caller might receive a set of one or more icons or other form of selectable objects where the selectable objects correspond to information, content, or other types of services that are associated with the radio station. If the caller happens to know a phone number of the radio station, the caller may also access the same set of selectable objects by entering the radio station&#39;s phone number followed by a DTS. The abbreviated number plan may be configured specifically to ensure no overlap or conflict with actual telephone numbers. 
     In some embodiments, the disclosed dialing plan builds upon the North American Numbering Plan (NANPA) and the internationally-accepted ITU-T E.164 international public telecommunication numbering plan with an upward-compatible dialing plan that provides additional information about the targeted party and access to new services. In some embodiments, the existing dialing plans are supported with little or no change. The user dials the desired telephone number and is connected across a cellular network and/or the public switched telephone network (PSTN). However, if the user enters a DTS, the entered number is sent to a Dialed Number Directory Server (DNDS). 
     The DNDS determines whether additional services are available and associated with the dialed number. If a DNDS finds services associated with the dialed number, the user is presented with all or some of the associated services and corresponding server addresses, depending upon the end user&#39;s devices capabilities and/or the caller&#39;s profile. The caller may then elect to invoke any of the services offered. 
     If the DNDS finds no match for the dialed number, the DNDS may generate a query to one or more public or other form of Reverse Telephone Directory Databases to find the name and address that are associated with that number. If found, the retrieved information is presented to the user. If a mapping and/or directions service is available to the user, the address could be used to show its location on a map or to provide directions, should the user request it. 
     In some implementations, the DNDS may generate a query to a SIP Proxy Server, which in turn can enable peer-to-peer services including media sharing, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) location information, camera view display (See What I see). The peer-to-peer services may be controlled by a mobile web server application on the called number terminal and a web client application on the caller&#39;s terminal or PC. The terms “caller” and “called” parties in this context refers to the initiator and receiver of the communication exchange which may or may not include voice communication. In some cases, it may be desirable for servers to cache the information of the called number&#39;s terminal for speed and access when the called terminal is turned off. 
     In some implementations, the DNDS may generate a query to an Internet web search engine and return content from a website associated with the dialed number. The website content is normally obtained through a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) 2.0 compatible gateway. This will reduce the transmission time and provide information in a format that can be properly displayed on mobile terminals. Many website offer mobile versions of their websites while others require conversion through the gateway 
     In another aspect, a disclosed electronic device includes an application processor, memory, a keypad or other suitable input means, a display screen or display output port, a speaker or an audio output port, and a wired or wireless communication transceiver or a data port that can connect to an external wired or wireless communication transceiver. In some embodiments, the device also includes a microphone or audio input port, which together with the speaker or audio output port, will make it possible to make and/or receive telephone calls. The electronic device may be a handheld, mobile, or other form of wireless device and the transceiver(s) may include wireless elements. 
     The device may include software, firmware, hardware, or a combination thereof that comprises a numeric addressing application. In some embodiments, the numeric addressing application is enabled to initiate the establishment of a telephony connection in response to detecting entry of a numeric sequence followed by a first type of terminating entry or delimiter or no terminating entry or delimiter. The device may be further enabled to transmit a data request or other form of data message to a server in response to detecting entry of the same numeric sequence when the numeric sequence is followed by a second type of terminating entry or delimiter, such as a DTS. In this disclosure, the term numeric sequence includes a sequence of numbers, possibly including a decimal point delimiter such as the “*” key on a standard telephone keypad. Although the second type of terminating entry or delimiter could be otherwise depending upon the implementation, the “#” key on a conventional telephone keypad is used throughout this disclosure as the second type of date termination sequence. The first type of termination or sequence may be referred to herein as a telephony termination sequence. 
     Thus, for example, the disclosed device might establish a conventional telephony connection with a second party if the numeric sequence is the second party&#39;s telephone number and the sequence is followed by no terminating entry or the first type of terminating entry. If the numeric sequence is terminated with the “#” key or another implementation of a DTS, the server to which the data request is transmitted may be a directory server and the transmitted message may be indicative of the numeric sequence. In these embodiments, the server may respond to the message by sending, or causing another server to send, data back to the device. Although the DTS is described as following the sequence, other embodiments may include not following this convention and the DTS may, for example, precede the numeric sequence. 
     The data sent back to the device may be in the form of data from which something analogous to a web page may be generated, e.g., data from which a user interface suitable for displaying on the display screen and including one or more icons, links, or other selectable objects. In this case, the selectable objects may represent actions that may be taken with respect to an entity associated with the numeric sequence and/or information about the associated entity. For example, if the numeric sequence is a telephone number of a business, the selectable object(s) presented to the device&#39;s display screen might include a “location” object that, when selected by a user of the device, displays a map and/or directions to the business. As another example, a product object might be presented that, when selected, provides the device user with information about products or services offered by the entity. If, for example, the entity is a restaurant, a product object might present the device user with the restaurant&#39;s menu. The selectable objects might further include a “leave message” object that, when asserted, enables the device user to leave a voice message with the entity. A “call party” object might also be included. The call party object, when asserted, might initiate a conventional telephone call to the entity. 
     In the case where a numeric sequence is associated with an individual, e.g., the numeric sequence is an individual&#39;s telephone number, the selectable object(s) returned to the device may include a message object, a call party object, and a location object. In addition, the selectable objects may include “personal” objects including, as examples, a “playlist” object that, when selected, presents one or more music and/or video playlist of the individuals, an “images” object that, when selected presents one or more pictures or images of the individuals. 
     In some cases, the selectable objects that are presented to the device might include a set of “stock” objects that may be determined by the service provider and that may be uniform across a number of businesses. In other cases, the selectable objects may include customized objects that are unique to and/or developed by the associated entity. The service provider may offer businesses and others the opportunity to define these types of customized objects, possibly in exchange for a fee, as a method of branding or otherwise distinguishing themselves from their competitors. 
     In some implementations, the, service provider may provide “baseline” selectable objects even if the entity associated with a numeric sequence is not a subscriber to the service provider&#39;s entities. For example, with respect to individuals, the service provider may acquire the information needed to generate at least some of the baseline objects from public records. Using white page and yellow page reverse directories, for example, the service provider may be able to generate the “call party” and “location” objects if the numeric sequence is listed in the publicly available records. 
     In some embodiments, the service provider may implement the services described herein using one or more servers. In one implementation, for example, the data requests or messages generated when a subscribing user enters the “#” key at the end of a numeric sequence are initially routed to a directory server that is configured to determine if the numeric sequence corresponds to a phone number of a “subscriber.” In this context, it should be noted that the service provider recognizes two types of subscribers, namely, the subscribers to the enhanced telephony service, as well the businesses and other entities that want to present customized or other valued added information to end users. 
     In some cases, the data sent back to the device might be in the form of a stream of multimedia content transmitted by a multimedia content provider. In these embodiments, the multimedia content provider can be a radio station, television station, or other type of multimedia broadcaster that makes at least some of its content available for streaming onto the Internet or another network. The numeric sequence that invokes a particular multimedia content provider might be, in the case of radio stations, for example, the radio station&#39;s frequency in KHz or MHz as appropriate, of the station, possibly preceded by an area code or other numeric sequence to identify a particular broadcaster when multiple broadcasters have a license to broadcast, within their respective areas, on a particular frequency. Thus, for example, the user could dial a numeric sequence such as 95*5, followed by the DTS. 
     In another aspect, a disclosed method of providing enhanced telephony service includes recognizing an electronic device having telephony functionality as an authorized or registered device, enabling the registered device to establish a telephony connection in response to entry of a numeric sequence followed by a first type of termination, and enabling the registered device to establish a data connection, suitable for communicating data, in response to entry of the numeric sequence followed by a second type of termination, e.g., a DTS. The telephony connection is suitable for accommodating real-time voice communication between two or more participants. The data connection may be suitable for transmitting data that is analogous to web page data. 
     In still another aspect, a disclosed method of offering a data service employing numeric addressing includes detecting a dialed input comprising a numeric sequence followed by a DTS, responding to detecting the dialed input by transmitting a message indicative of the numeric sequence to a first directory server, detecting and processing information responsive to the message. Processing the information may include displaying at least one icon for taking an action pertaining to an entity associated with the dialed number or playing multimedia content transmitted by the associated entity. 
     Referring now to the drawings,  FIG. 1  illustrates an embodiment of numeric based addressing when the entity that is called is a person.  FIG. 1  depicts an example of a user&#39;s EUD  101 . In the depicted embodiment, EUD  101  is a mobile or wireless and handheld electronic device that includes cellular telephony functionality as well functionality for accessing network accessible data content including multimedia content. EUD  101  includes a keypad  102  and a display screen  104 . In  FIG. 1 , keypad  102  does not include hard keys or a telephone style keypad, e.g., the numbers 0 through 9, the “*” key, and the “#” key, but it will be appreciated that EUD  101  may include soft keys (not depicted in  FIG. 1 ) to incorporate analogous or identical functionality. Other embodiments of EUDs  101  may include hard keys and/or a telephone-style keypad. Still other embodiments may include additional hard keys or soft keys, e.g., keys for a full QWERTY key pad. 
     The display or user interface shown on display screen  104  as depicted in  FIG. 1  is exemplary of the result of a user entering a numeric sequence, referred to herein as the targeted number, e.g., a telephone number, of an individual, referred to herein as the targeted party, followed by a DTS. As depicted in  FIG. 1 , when EUD  101  transmits a dialing entry  106  that includes a numeric sequence, e.g., a telephone number, associated with the targeted party followed by the “#” key or other DTS, some embodiments of numeric based addressing and directory services populate display screen  104  with a set of one or more selectable objects  108 . The objects  108  represent information or services that are associated with the numeric sequence that was entered. For example, in  FIG. 1 , where the numeric sequence corresponds to the targeted party, the objects  108  may represent information about the targeted party, services authorized by the targeted party, content or resources of the targeted party, or a combination thereof. 
     As depicted in  FIG. 1 , the set of selectable objects  108  includes a “CALL” object  110 , a “VOICEMAIL” object  112 , a “VIDEOPHONE” object  114 , a “MY LINKS” object  116 , an “MP3” object  118 , a “SEE WHAT I SEE” object  130 , and a “MY LOCATION” object  132 . In addition, information about the targeted party including an image  120 , the targeted party&#39;s name  122 , and a corresponding address  124  are included in the display. 
     The set of links  108  shown in  FIG. 1  are exemplary of the types of links that an individual may provide to originating parties. The CALL object  110  enables the origination party to complete a telephone call to the targeted party. This object provides the same function that the user could invoke by dialing the numeric sequence without following it by the DTS. The VOICEMAIL object  112  enables originating parties to be connected directly to a voice mailbox of the targeted party. This object represents highly desirable and useful functionality that permits originating parties to go directly to voice mail. Currently, it is generally difficult if not impossible for an originating party to leave a message without first “ringing through” to the called number unless the targeted party has configured the number to go directly to voice mail. If, for example, an originating party needs to leave a message very late at night or early in the morning, the originating party could dial the numeric sequence for the targeted party followed by a DTS, select object  112 , and leave the message without ever disturbing a targeted party and without having to interact with a substantial interactive voice response system. 
     In some embodiments, SEE WHAT I SEE (SWIS) link  130  is associated with a feature in which the originating party may gain access to a video device of the targeted party. If, as an example, the targeted party&#39;s SWIS link  130  is associated with a camera in the targeted party&#39;s mobile, handheld device, the originating party, upon asserting the SWIS link  130  may view an image currently or previously captured by a camera on the targeted party&#39;s mobile device. 
     In the depicted example, the end user can be contacted by telephone, via object  110 , or video telephone via object  114 . The user has also made her favorite “links” available via selectable object  116  and her MP3 collection available via MP3 object  118 . If the “caller” wishes to listen to Ms. Smith&#39;s MP3 collection, he can press MP3 object  118 . In some embodiments, pressing the MP3 object may establish a SIP-based or other type of peer-to-peer session between the two devices using, for example, the RTP/RTCP protocols or other protocol(s) suitable for streaming multimedia content. 
     In some embodiments, Ms. Smith can make any of the objects  108  available selectively only to those other entities that she chooses through the use of a “buddy list” or other mechanism. The use of EUD  101  has the option of selecting any of the selectable objects  108  to invoke the desired service or access the desired set of information associated with Ms. Smith. Moreover, all of these services are accessible via a single addressing scheme that is based on telephone numbering scheme. In addition to being highly efficient by aggregating access to various services and information under a single numeric address, the use of telephone number is highly compatible with EUDs that may not have a full QWERTY keyboard. Display screen  104  as shown in  FIG. 1  also includes a selectable ADD LINK object  128  that, when selected, causes the currently presented listing to be added to a contact list or “favorites” list of the EUD. 
     Turning to  FIG. 2  through  FIG. 6 , exemplary display screens  104  illustrate various implementations when the numeric sequence entered by EUD is associated with a business. In  FIG. 2 , for example, the numeric sequence 555-8333 is phone number of a Japanese restaurant. In this example, the set of selectable objects  108  that populate display screen  104  when the user enters the numeric sequence followed by the DTS include a CALL object  110 , analogous to the CALL object  110  of  FIG. 1 , a REVIEWS object  140  that may provide access to published or unpublished reviews of the restaurant, a PICS object  142  that may provide access to photographs of the restaurant, dishes served by the restaurant, or both. Also depicted are a MENU object  144  that may provide access to the restaurant&#39;s current menu, a NAVIGATION object  146  that may work in conjunction with GNSS functionality of the EUD  101  to provide real time directions to the user as the user drives to the restaurant, a MAP/DIRECTIONS object  148  that may provide access to an image or text where the restaurant is and how to get there, a WEB object  150  that may provide access to the restaurant&#39;s Web site  150 , and a RESERVATIONS object  152  that may provide access to a reservations number or interactive service enabling the user to make reservations. 
     In addition to the selectable objects  108 , display screen  104  as shown in  FIG. 2  includes a “FIND SIMILAR” object  160 . In this embodiment, the user may wish to find a different restaurant in the vicinity if, for example, the original restaurant is very crowded, expensive, hard to find, and so forth. Selecting the FIND SIMILAR object  160  may invoke a service that identifies one or more alternatives for the user. In the case of the Japanese restaurant, for example, selecting the FIND SIMILAR object  160  may prompt a response that populates display screen  104  with a similar listing for a different restaurant or populates the display screen with a list of restaurants from which the user may then select. Display screen  104  as shown in  FIG. 2  also includes an “ADD LINK” object  128  similar to  FIG. 1 . 
     In some embodiments, the set of selectable objects  108  that populate an EUD display screen  104  may be influenced by the capabilities of the EUD itself. If, for example, a particular EUD does not have GNSS functionality, the navigation object  146  might be omitted from the objects that are provided to the EUD. As another example, the MP3 object  118  depicted in  FIG. 1  might be omitted from any EUD that lacks the capability of playing MP3 files. Similarly, the objects presented to an EUD might also depend on a profile of the EUD&#39;s user. If, for example, a particular service offered by an entity requires a subscription or is limited to callers from certain geographies, limited to certain times of day etc., a selectable object corresponding to the service may not be displayed. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , an exemplary embodiment of the objects that populate display screen  104  when the entity is a movie theater is shown. In the depicted embodiment, the set of selectable objects  108  in this case include, again, some objects that are specific to or tailored to the type of business, and other objects that may be common to one or more types of businesses. In this example, the set of business-specific objects  108  include a SHOWTIMES object  180  that may provide access to a listing of show times for the films currently playing at the theater, a PREVIEWS object  182  that may provide access to textual or multimedia previews of the movies being shown, and a TICKETS  184  object that may enable EUD  101  to purchase tickets for a selected show. 
     The selectable objects  108  illustrated in  FIG. 3  also include NAVIGATION object  146 , a DIRECTIONS object  148 , a WEB object  150 , a FIND SIMILAR object  160 , and an ADD LINK object  128  analogous to those described earlier. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates an example of an aspect of numeric based addressing and directory services that facilitates access to certain types of business entities that are readily associated with a numeric sequence other than their telephone number. Broadcast radio stations, for example, broadcast on a frequency that is unique within the broadcasters designated area of operation. The frequency of a radio stations transmission may be leveraged to provide an abbreviated numeric sequence by which listeners and other consumers can access to the station. As depicted in  FIG. 4 , for example, an EUD  101  is shown with its hard key or soft key numeric or telephonic keypad  103 .  FIG. 4  depicts the EUD  101  entering an abbreviated numeric sequence  200  followed by the DTS  105 . In this case, the numeric sequence  200  is 95*5 where the “*” key represents a decimal and the numeric sequence represents the broadcast frequency of an AM or FM radio station. Upon entering the abbreviated numeric sequence  200  followed by the DTS  105 , the user is provided with selectable objects, if any, that provide access to services associated with the radio station. 
       FIG. 4  also depicts a display screen  104  of an EUD  101  that includes various function buttons including a RECENTS  150  button that may provide access to recently accessed numeric sequences, telephone numbers, or the like, a VOICEMAIL button  152  that may provide access to a voice mail application and/or a user&#39;s voice mail box, a PHONEBOOK button  154  that may provide access to a locally stored phone book or list of contacts, and a CONTACTS button  156  that may provide access to a list of the individuals and/or entities that the user has accessed using the numeric sequence and DTS described herein. An illustration of an exemplary menu presented in response to the user pressing the CONTACTS button  156  is depicted in  FIG. 5 . 
       FIG. 6  depicts a set of selectable objects  108  presented in one embodiment in response to the entry of a numeric sequence that identifies a radio station (KLBJ) that broadcasts on FM frequency of 93.7 MHz. In the depicted embodiment, the set of objects  108  includes a CALL object  110 , an AUDIO object  210 , an ABOUT US object  212 , a PICS object  214 , a PODCASTS object  216 , and a WEBSITE object  220 . In some embodiments, the AUDIO object  210  provides access to the broadcast content of the applicable radio station. In some embodiments, selecting the AUDIO button  210  enables a session or other type of connection with a streaming media server of the broadcaster so that the broadcast content may then be streamed to EUD  101 . The WEBSITE button  220  may provide the user with access to the radio station&#39;s web site, perhaps invoking a browser that may be customized for or compliant with the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP). 
     Because radio station broadcast frequencies are only unique within specified geographical regions, some embodiments incorporate a “locality” concept into the numeric addressing implementation. For example, if a user enters an abbreviated numeric sequence consisting solely of the broadcast frequency of a radio station followed by the DTS  105 , a user agent residing with the EUD or another application may “assume” that the request is for a radio station broadcasting at that specified frequency within an area code associated with the EUD. If, for example, the telephone number of an EUD includes the area code (512), the abbreviated numeric sequence may be processed as a numeric sequence associated with one or more radio stations that broadcast at a frequency of 95.5 MHz within the (512) area code. If multiple such radio stations exist, it may be necessary to populate the display screen  104  with a list or other type of display from which the user may select the desired radio station. 
     A feature ancillary to the concept of locality is the ability to pre-program or otherwise select a locality that is different that the user&#39;s current locality for purposes of enabling readily available access to content that may be specific to a particular geographic region. If, for example, a user traveling on business to a new city wishes to listen to the radio while in a rental car or elsewhere. If the user has no familiarity with the local stations, the user must search through all of the stations to find one that the user likes, if there is one. With the alterable locality functionality described herein, the user could, instead, preset an EUD with the area code of the user&#39;s hometown. The EUD might then process all abbreviated numbers as if the numbers were specific to the user&#39;s hometown area code. If this functionality is incorporated into a Worldwide Inter-operability for Microwave Access (WiMax) radio, for example, pressing the “scan” or “search” buttons might then cause the radio to scan through the abbreviated numbers associated with radio stations in the user&#39;s hometown area code. From the user&#39;s perspective, pressing the “scan” button causes the radio to scan through the radio stations of the user&#39;s hometown. If the user then wants to find radio stations in Paris, France, for example, the user could pre-set the locality of an EUD to Paris by, for example, pre-setting the country code and area code for Paris, e.g., by entering the country code and area code and then pressing and holding the “#” key for three seconds. 
     In conjunction with the ability to configure an EUD as described herein to behave as if it were located in a different region or geography, some embodiments of the numeric addressing and directory services incorporate the ability to insert or otherwise “mix” advertising into the broadcast stream so that the advertising that the user is presented with is relevant to the user. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 7  an exemplary set of selectable objects  108  is depicted for the case in which an abbreviated number (18) entered with the DTS  105  corresponds to a local TV station. In this embodiment, the set of selectable objects  108  includes selectable objects that present the user with access to the station&#39;s broadcast content including a selectable object  230 , the local news via selectable object  232 , the local weather via selectable object  234 , and local traffic conditions via selectable object  236 . If the user wants to access channel 18 in New York City (NYC), the user may dial  1212 , one of the area codes used in NYC, followed by 18 and #. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 8  and  FIG. 9 , selected elements of an embodiment of a network suitable for providing numeric based addressing and directory services for enhanced telephony and multimedia services is described. In the depicted embodiments, various directory servers are used to provide information about the targeted numbers, including, as examples, name information, address information, and supported services. In some embodiments, the directory servers described may be implemented as off-the-shelf Linux-based Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)-compliant servers. LDAP directories are optimized for fast read access. In these embodiments, queries exchanged between a user agent (UA) in handset  301  and the directory servers and among directory servers are based on the LDAP. 
     In the depicted embodiments, an EUD in the form of a handset  301  communicates with a dialed number directory server (DNDS)  302 . The DNDS  302  communicates with various other servers including a super number directory server (SNDS)  304 , a subscriber service profile server (SSPS)  306 , and one or more public or private reverse telephone number directory servers  308 . 
     In the depicted implementation, the communication flow among the various servers depends on whether the numeric sequence entered by the user, i.e., the targeted number, matches to a number registered with or otherwise recognized by DNDS  302 . The flow of information represented by the numbered arrows  1  through  6  of  FIG. 8  illustrates an example in which the dialed number is recognized by DNDS  302  while  FIG. 9  depicts an example sequence in which the dialed number is not recognized by DNDS  302 . 
     In either case, the communication flow begins when a user of handset  301  enters a numeric sequence followed by the DTS  105 . When the DTS  105  is entered, a user agent of the handset  301  recognizes that the user is not making a telephone call, but is instead requesting services and information that an entity associated with the targeted number may offer. Thus, the user agent, when it detects the entry of DTS  105 , sends a message or inquiry to DNDS  302  where the message or inquiry indicates the numeric sequence that was dialed, i.e., the targeted number. If the DTS  105  is the “#” key, the user agent sends any dialed numbers that end with a ‘#’ to DNDS  302 . 
     In some embodiments, DNDS  302  analyzes the targeted number and determines if it is abbreviated, or whether it is a regular number. In North America, regular numbers include the country code 1 followed by 10 digits, including area code. Directory inquiries for such numbers are serviced by the North America DNDS (NA-DNDS). If the targeted number is outside North America, i.e. it begins with “011” or with “+n” where n is not 1, the query is redirected to the corresponding international DNDS based on the dialed country code. For example, a targeted number starting with 01133 would be referred to the server, FR-DNDS. 
     If the targeted number is abbreviated (as described in the Exemplary Abbreviated Dialing Plan), DNDS  302  forwards the query to the Abbreviated Number Directory Server (ANDS)  305  for further resolution. 
     If the targeted number is not abbreviated, DNDS  302  generates a query to SNDS  304 . SNDS  304  returns information about the number as well as services that are supported and associated services, if the targeted number is listed with it. If the targeted number does not match to any numbers recognized by SNDS  304 , as shown in  FIG. 9 , DNDS  302  generates a query to one or more Reverse Telephone Directory Servers (RTDS)  308  and attempts to find name and address information associated with the targeted number. If such information is found, DNDS  302  returns this information to the UA in handset  301 . RTDS servers  308  may include white and yellow page directories, other online directories, social network directories, information obtained from search engines on the Internet and other sources of directory information. 
     If DNDS  302  does not find any match through either the reverse telephone number directories  308  or the SNDS  304 , e.g. in the case of an unlisted number, DNDS  302  may return an “unknown” message to the UA of handset  301 . 
     ANDS  305  may provide a mapping between abbreviated numbers as defined. ANDS  305  may maintain an updated database of radio and TV stations and networks, advertisers, and other parties who may be using abbreviated numbers. ANDS  305  performs a database lookup and provides a corresponding Super Number (SN) that it sends back to  302  DNDS, which in turn, forwards this information to the SNDS  304 . 
     If ANDS  305  finds more than one match for an abbreviated number, e.g., there may be more than one 95*5 FM radio stations in area code 512, DNDS  305  may return multiple super numbers to the user along with a description that would enable the end user to select one of them. For example, entering the numeric sequence and DTS +151295*5# might result in the following matches. 
     95*5 KLBJ FM, Austin, Tex. (Soft Rock) &lt;+15125552345#&gt; 
     95*5 KYTR FM, Waco, Tex. (Religious) &lt;+15125552346#&gt; 
     95*5 KILI FM, Buda, Tex. (Hispanic) &lt;+15125552347#&gt; 
     If ANDS  305  does not find any matches and the number corresponds to a radio or TV station, ANDS  305  may return to DNDS  302  up to four station listings that are closest to the targeted number, e.g., up to two above, and up to two below. ANDS  305  may then send that information along with corresponding description and Super Numbers. 
     For example, if the user enters +151295*4#, ANDS  305  may return the following: 
     93*3 KUT FM, Austin, Tex. (Talk Radio) &lt;+15125552349#&gt; 
     93*7 KERT FM, Austin, Tex. (Oldies) &lt;+15125552350#&gt; 
     95*5 KLBJ FM, Austin, Tex. (Soft Rock) &lt;+15125552345#&gt; 
     95*5 KYTR FM, Waco, Tex. (Religious) &lt;+15125552346#&gt; 
     The end user may then select one of them or tune to another station. 
     If ANDS  305  does not find any matches and the number corresponds to a network (such as Sirius Radio), but the subchannel is not valid, ANDS  305  may return a main listing for the applicable network and may include a directory of all the channels. For example, if the user enters +1512174*989#, ANDS  305  may return the SN that corresponds to +1512174# so that the user may view the entire channel listing and scroll up/down. 
     If ANDS  305  does not find any matches and the number falls in the network address range, ANDS  305  may return a predetermined number of network listings to DNDS  302 , e.g., up to 2 above and up to 2 below, along with their description and SN, so that the end-user may select one of them. 
     If ANDS  305  does not find a match and the number corresponds to a range set aside for advertisers, ANDS  305  may return an error message indicating that the targeted number is not valid. 
     In some embodiments, SNDS  304  provides access to an updated database of registered numbers and content associated with the numbers. SNDS  304  may perform lookups based on both the originating and targeted numbers and may provide one or more of the following types of information to DNDS  302 , which then forwards it to handset  301 .
         Name   Address   Photo or logo in a fixed format   Short Information (e.g., up to 255 characters)   Yellow Page Classification (if a business)   Website content, formatted for mobile devices   Information about a predetermined number of supported services—the information may include icon graphics, service name, and a telephone number associated with the service. Services may include one or more of the following:
           Mapping   Directions Voice Mail   Slide Show   Video Clip(s)   MP3 Collection Access   Favorite # Listing Access   Video over IP   Restaurant Menu   Reservations   Movie Listings   Radio Station Streaming   Radio Network Access   TV Station Streaming   TV Network Access   See What I see (live camera view)   Link to a website   
               

     These services may correspond to extensions to the telephone numbers associated with them or to IP addresses. For example, an MP3 Collection Access for called number +15125552789# may be +15125552789*22#. In this case, the sequence *22 indicates the MP3 object. The association between *22 and the MP3 may be according to a standard or may be defined by the targeted party. 
     The information or services identified above may be presented to the user of handset  301  as a selectable objects that appear on the handset&#39;s display screen. Some of the information may be provided directly to the handset display screen. For example, in  FIG. 1 , name information is provided directly to the display screen while a selectable object is presented for videophone service  114 . 
     SNDS  304  may include information about which services are accessible to which subscribers based on user and/or device capability profiles, which may be defined in Subscriber Sever Profile Server  306 . In some embodiments, SSPS  306  is implemented as an external server such as a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) as defined by the 3GPP specifications for IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). In these embodiments, communication between SNDS and HSS takes place using the Diameter Protocol as described in RFC 3588. 
     Referring to  FIG. 10 , an implementation of a system enabling peer-to-peer communication and exchange of information between two handsets is depicted. The figure shows two handsets,  301 , and  324 , each connected to the network and equipped with the necessary software. Also shown is a DNDS  302 , as described earlier, a SIP Proxy Server  320 , used to set the communication sessions, and a Replication Server  322 . A typical exchange of information takes place in the following steps: 
     1. User agents residing on handsets  301  and  324  register with the SIP Proxy server  320  when they are available for peer-to-peer services  2 . User at handset  301  dials 5552000#3. DNDS  302  makes a query to SIP Proxy Server  320 . If destination handset  324  is registered with it, it invites it to accept a session from handset  301  based on standard SIP protocols. If handset  324  accepts, SIP Proxy Server  320  sets up the communication between the two handsets and provides the necessary addressing information for the two handsets to communicate directly. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 11 , selected architectural elements of an embodiment of a network  400  suitable for implementing numeric based addressing and directory services described are presented.  FIG. 11  emphasizes a variety of types of EUDs communicating with a common set of servers over various types of network protocols and architectures. In the depicted embodiment, the EUDs leverage existing network protocols and technologies to provide the addressing and indexing services described herein. The depicted implementation is described in terms of 3G telecommunications technologies such as UMTS although other embodiments may employ other 3G technologies or pre-3G technologies including, for example, 2.75G protocols such as GPRS. 
     In the depicted embodiment, network  400  illustrates EUDs in the form of a mobile handset  401 , an IP compliant set top box  402 , a VoIP phone  403 , a wireless portable media player  404 , and a WiMax Car radio  405 . Each of the EUDs depicted in  FIG. 11  is operable to communicate with service control servers  410  including the DNDS  302  described previously. The depicted implementation of service control servers  410  includes both SIP proxy server(s) as well as IP Multimedia Service (IMS) servers to support various types of underlying technologies, but servers that are provided in any particular implementation may be limited to those necessary to support the implemented protocols. 
     The handset  401  is shown as communicating voice traffic via UMTS network elements including a UMTS base station, a radio network controller, a mobile switching center and a gateway to the public switch telephone network PSTN. Access to the PSTN may also be achieved via the media gateway server illustrated as one of the service control servers  410 . 
     The handset  401  is also shown as being capable of communicating data traffic via a packet switched core network  412  that includes a serving GPRS support node and a gateway GPRS support node. The packet switched core network  412  communicates data traffic between hand set  401  and service control servers  410  via an IP compliant network and an applicable set of routers. 
     Thus, as depicted in  FIG. 11 , it is apparent that mobile handset  401  may include functionality to establish a telephony connection for the purposes of communicating voice traffic via a telephony network that may include a radio access network  414  and a circuit switched core network  416  in communication with the PSTN. 
     In addition, the depicted embodiment of mobile handset  401  includes functionality to send data communications including data inquiries or messages to a DNDS  302  via an IP compliant network. 
     In some embodiments, the elements that support the voice traffic may be provided by a first provider such as a telephone company while the elements that support the data traffic may be provided by the telephone company or another provider. 
       FIG. 11  also depicts various dedicated function EUDs that may not have the capabilities of mobile handset  401 . Included in these dedicated function EUDs might be IP set top box  402 , voice and video over IP terminal  403  and portable media player  404 . In the depicted embodiment, each of these devices is shown as being enabled to communicate data traffic to DNDS  302  via a wireless router/cable modem combination connected to a cable network  420 . In other embodiments, the same EUDs may communicate with DNDS  302  via a DSL network via a wireless router/DSL modem combination in connection with a DSL network (not shown). 
       FIG. 11  also depicts a dedicated function device in the form of a WiMax radio  405  that is operable to communicate with DNDS  302  via a WiMax network  422 . 
     Each of the dedicated function devices  402  through  405  and others that are not depicted may include a respective user agent that is capable of recognizing entry of a numeric sequence/DTS combination and responding to the sequence by generating a request directed to DNDS  302 . Thus, for example, WiMax radio  405  may transmit an abbreviated number for a particular radio station and begin to receive content from the radio station and, similarly, IP set top box  402 , possibly in conjunction with a remote control device (not depicted), may enter an abbreviated number for a particular television station and thereby receive content from the requested station. 
     Network  400  as depicted includes various servers that may be employed in conjunction with the numeric based addressing and indexing to provide value added functions to service subscribers. In some embodiments, Application Servers  424  host and execute services, and interface with a call session control function (CSCF) server using SIP protocol. In the depicted embodiment, applications servers  424  may include any one or more of the following: 
     Radio Media Server: The Radio Media Server provides streaming of radio content along with Meta information regarding programming and advertising. The information on the radio server may be fed into it in real time by broadcast and Internet radio operators in a common format for the audio and for the Meta information. Meta information may include program information, song name, artist name, CD title, a link to a server that can download the song, and advertiser telephone number. The streamed information may also include applicable Digital Rights Management (DRM) information that may restrict what can be done with the music. The radio media server may also maintain statistics about user connections for analysis and billing and interface to a billing server. 
     TV Media Server: The TV Media Server provides streaming of TV content, including Meta information, similar to that of the Radio Media Server. 
     Advertising Server: The Advertising Servers may include servers to interact with the radio and television servers to provide directed advertising to listeners and viewers. With the ability to access a vast array of multimedia content including content from other cities and/or countries, an advertising server may be used to coordinate or target advertising that is provided in conjunction with the content. As a simple example, a user who tunes to a Chicago radio station in Chicago may hear an advertisement for a Chicago restaurant while a listener to the same radio station in Austin, Tex. may hear an advertisement for an Austin restaurant at the same time. In these embodiments, the advertising servers may interact with Meta data from the content providers to determine when advertisements can be inserted into the content stream. In some embodiments, the “mixing” of advertisement and content can be performed on the handsets themselves. In these embodiments, for example, advertising servers download advertisements to handsets based on the profiles associated with the handsets so that each handset receives advertising that is most relevant to the user. When content stream metadata indicates a need for an advertisement, the handset may then play one or more of the downloaded advertisements. In this manner, advertising can be highly targeted to the listener or other end user. Whereas local advertisers may not be beneficially affected when a local radio station is streamed over the Internet, the ability to align content consumers and ads relevant to those consumers makes the increased listenership or viewership enabled by networked broadcasting beneficial to all. 
     MP3 Server: Used to store and play MP3 collections that may be accessed by users. It may play a short advertisement between some of the songs. Note that the MP3 Server application may optionally run on the targeted party&#39;s handset or terminal as a peer-to-peer application using SIP protocols. 
     Slide Show Server (not depicted): Used to store images that users may store alongside their phone numbers. May play soft music in the background, occasionally interrupted by an advertising message. 
     Video Telephony Server: SIP server with video over IP support 
     Mapping Server: Used to store addresses of subscribers and can provide directions to a mobile phone in conjunction with a mapping service, such as Google Maps. 
     Navigation Server: Used in conjunction with GNSS functionality to enable navigation services such as verbal driving instructions to a particular location. 
     WAP Gateway Server: Sits between devices that support the WAP protocol and the World Wide Web (WWW) parsing pages between one and the other much like a proxy. It translates WWW pages to a form suitable for devices with smaller display size. 
     Search Engine: Tool for searching for information on the World Wide Web and other network with results optimized for display on mobile devices. 
     Residential Content Server (not depicted): Allows residential users to program free information/content relating to their phone numbers. Some options may include a photograph, a slide show, MP3 play list, favorite hangouts, and favorite YouTube clips. These options may be available to all callers or limited to selected callers (such as family and friends). 
     Business Content Server (not depicted): Allows businesses to program some free information/content that are associated with their primary telephone number as well as premium content such as advertising, electronic coupons, advertising, etc. 
     Billing Server (not depicted): Used to track customer usage of services and to provide appropriate billing services. Also looks for possible fraudulent activities and blocks users from accessing services that they are not subscribed for. 
     Third Party Servers (not depicted): Used for the delivery of new services developed by third parties. They may include such things as games and Instant Messaging. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 12 , selected elements of an embodiment of a network  500  suitable for acquiring, processing, and delivering multimedia content such as broadcast radio content to a mobile handset, a WiMax or other form of network aware radio, or another suitable device, in the context of numeric addressing and directory services as described herein is presented. In the depicted embodiment, network  500  illustrates acquisition of broadcast radio content from a first radio station  502 - 1  by employing a radio receiver  510  to capture the broadcast content and then employing an encoder and IP encapsulator  512 - 1  to ready the broadcast content for delivery over an IP compliant network to a radio media server  504 . The radio media server  504  may serve as one of the application servers  424  of network  400  depicted in  FIG. 11 . 
     Network  500  as shown further illustrates a second radio station  502 - 2  that includes a co-located encoder/IP encapsulator  512 - 2  so that the broadcast content is captured and streamed over an IP network direct from the broadcaster. The encoded and packetized content, whether from radio station  502 - 1  or  502 - 2 , is connected through appropriate routers  514  to the radio media server  504 . In this embodiment radio media server  504  is configured to buffer radio broadcast or other multimedia content including, as examples, satellite radio content, satellite television and movie content, and so forth. When an EUD enters an abbreviated number for a radio station, the DNDS may establish or enable the EUD to establish a link to the radio media server  504  for purposes of receiving a stream of the broadcast content. 
     Thus, as shown in  FIG. 12 , a session or other form of connection is created between mobile station  501  in  FIG. 12  and radio station  504  without any intervening directory server. In this embodiment, the directory server(s) are used to provide directory information to the EUD, which is then operable to acquire the desired services directly from the applicable service provider resources.  FIG. 12  also illustrates the presence of an ad insertion server  506  that may provide targeted or national advertising content to the mobile station  501 . In some embodiments, the advertisements are downloaded from ad insertion server  506  to mobile station  501 . Mobile station  501  may then play a downloaded ad at a point in the content broadcast that is indicated as being for advertising, perhaps through the use of appropriate metadata. In this configuration, radio media server  504  can simulcast the broadcast content streams to a very large number of EUDs and leave it to the mobile stations  501  and ad insertion server  506  to determine which advertisements should be downloaded to which mobile stations  501 . This determination might be made, for example, based on factors including the service profile of the mobile station&#39;s user including demographic information, economic information, subscription information, past use information, and so forth. 
     Dialing Plan 
     In order to access services, an end user can dial the PSTN number that is associated with the person or business as well as use abbreviated dialing numbers such as the ones that were listed earlier for TV and radio stations. An exemplary abbreviated dialing plan has been developed to provide a consistent and non-conflicting access for local, national, and international applications. In one implementation, the abbreviated numbering plan may encompass the following:
     1: Reserved   2-69: Broadcast TV   70-75: Satellite TV Networks (Free and $$ Content)   (number followed by ‘#’ (or another DTS) provides the directory listing for the network, number followed by “8” and the sub-channel number provides access to the channel)   Examples:
       70# DirectTV Directory
           70*501#-&gt;DirectTV Channel 501, HBO East   
           
       76-108: Broadcast FM   109-299: Radio Networks   (number followed by ‘#’ (or another DTS) provides the directory listing for the network, number followed by “8” and the sub-channel number provides access to the channel)
 
Examples:
       174#-&gt;Sirius Radio Network Channel Guide
           174*101#-&gt;Howard Stern (on Sirius channel 101)   
           
       300-519: TV Networks   (number followed by ‘#’ (or another DTS) provides the directory listing for the network, number followed by “8” and the sub-channel number provides access to the channel)   520-1720: Broadcast AM Stations
 
Example:
       690#-&gt;local AM station (690 kHz)   
       1721-9999: Premium Local or National Advertising Channels
 
1800 0000-1800 9999, 1866 0000-1866 9999, 1877 0000-1877 9999, and 1888 0000-1888 9999: National Advertising Channels (Free Content)
 
Example:
       18004344#-&gt;ABC Catalog   
       1900 0000-1900 9999: National Subscription Channels
 
Notes:
   1. Direct Dialing followed by # (or another DTS) accesses the channels listed above, if available   2. Area code/country code dialing followed by # accesses the local channels in the corresponding area (For example, 131292*3#-&gt;92.3 FM in Chicago, Ill., while 01131192*3-&gt;92.3 FM in Paris, France).   

     The described dialing plan is designed to be supported on all types of terminals including Plain Old Telephone System (POTS) phones, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) phones, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) terminals, mobile phones, Personal Computers (PCs), as well as communication-equipped car radios and television sets. The range of services that are available to each class of terminal will depend on its capabilities. For example a POTS telephone set may be able to call a radio station or listen to its broadcast in mono bandwidth-reduced manner, while a car radio may only be able to listen to broadcast radio, Internet radios, book-on-tape programs, and TV audio broadcasts. 
     An innovation relating radio and television sets allows the user to program a different location into the set, say by entering 1, area code, and # pressed for 3 seconds (or 011 followed by country code and # pressed for 3 seconds). The radio or TV will then behave as if it were physically located in a different city, like New York or Paris. The user can scan stations and have a similar experience as someone located in that city. Another button combination may provide that feature, but on a time-shifted basis, so that the user can enjoy morning or evening programming at the same time. 
     The servers may reside inside the service provider&#39;s private IP networks or on public IP networks, such as the Internet or a combination of both. The servers may operate independently or as a part of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) architecture as defined by the 3GPP, 3GPP2, and TISPAN standards. Its detailed description and standards are described in the references. It should be noted that these standards are evolving and are subject to change. The subject matter described herein does not require the presence of an IMS architecture and can operate without it. It can, however, coexist with IMS and use some of its network elements. 
     It should be noted that some of the Application Servers may reside in the terminals of the called subscribers as peer-to-peer service delivery. For example, the MP3 collection of a called subscriber may reside on a stand-alone audio server or may be located locally on the called subscriber&#39;s terminal or both. 
     As discussed previously, the disclosed subject matter encompasses peer-to-peer delivery of information such as media content, GPS location, live camera feed. In this aspect, an EUD of a targeted party may execute a mobile server application that interacts with a web browser application executing on the originating party&#39;s EUD. 
     The disclosed subject matter still further encompasses access of information from a website. In this aspect, a user dials a number followed by the DTS. The DNDS may invoke an Internet search engine to search for the dialed number. If a match is found, a broadband or narrowband, e.g., a WAP version, of the matching website may be sent to the originating party&#39;s EUD where a web browser application executing on the EUD may display the website. 
     The disclosed subject matter still further encompasses an enhanced display of information in response to an incoming call. In this aspect, a targeted party receives an incoming call from an originating party. The targeted party may assert “#” or another DTS. The targeted party may thereby obtain enhanced information about the originating party including, information that may be available to the user when the user dials the party as depicted and described with respect to  FIG. 1 . 
     The disclosed subject matter still further encompasses display of information during the course of the call. In this aspect, irrespective of who initiated the call, a user may assert a DTS or other predetermined button and the selectable objects associated with the other person&#39;s number may be displayed. This feature may be beneficial in peer-to-peer applications such as media sharing, GPS information access, and camera view (see what I see) applications. 
     The disclosed subject matter still further encompasses integration of super number information and a user&#39;s contact list and/or white page or yellow page front ends. If a user does not remember or know a number beforehand, the user may be able to employ contacts lists or existing directories to append a DTS to otherwise initiate the data inquiry associated with a DTS as described herein. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 13  and  FIG. 14 , an exemplary representation of a software platform and a hardware implementation for EUD  101  are presented. In the depicted embodiment, EUD  101  employs an Android software platform  600  as described by the Open Handset Alliance. In this embodiment, the great majority of the software and firmware resources for establishing communications, controlling the EUD hardware, and performing supporting functions are provided in a standardized and openly available configuration. The UA  601  is then incorporated into the application layer  610  of the software to modify the phone application&#39;s dialer and to support the menus and functions described previously, including as an example, presenting the selectable objects to the display screen when the DNDS returns information. 
     In some embodiments, UA  601  executes on a Mobile Handset or other similar EUD as described. As indicated above, UA  601  may be implemented as an application layer program executing over an Android operating system, a project of the Open Handset Alliance Project. See http://code.google.com/android/ for more details. The operating system is based on the Linux kernel and is architected in a modular manner as shown in  FIG. 12 . 
     UA  601  may be developed using the Android SDK tools (see http://code.google.com/android/download.html) and takes advantage of the object-oriented Application Framework, Libraries and Runtime. 
     Depending upon the implementation, UA  601  may include: 
     A dialer application that supports the keypad of the mobile handset, be it actual, soft, or touch-based. In the shown example, a touch screen key input is supported along with hardware keys for Home, Menu, 5-way navigation, Back, SEND and END/CLEAR. The dialer application also controls the display. It provides the user with the ability to enter the desired telephone number followed by a ‘#’ or another DTS at the end. The dialer application features a Phonebook function, a recent call function key, a voicemail function key, and a “Media Links” key which displays the list of numbers ending with # which the user has saved in memory. See  FIG. 7  for an example. 
     The user interface (UI) is made up of object libraries in the Android Java library (from the SDK), where the UI elements reside, for example TextView. The application graphics are displayed by the Framework elements Activity Manager and Window Manager, and the back-end features of the application utilize several components of the Telephony Manager and Resource Manager, borrowing from other Framework pieces as needed. The Libraries used are the Media Framework, SQLite, WebKit and SSL, again using other Libraries as needed. This will all run in the Android Runtime environment on Linux. 
     A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) User Agent (UA) which communicates with SIP proxy servers to request information and to receive access to information and services. In particular, the SIP UA communicates with the Dialed Number Directory Server to receive the address and supported services information for a given targeted number ending with a #. The SIP User Agent supports the streaming of media by higher protocols, such as RTSP. 
     The SIP UA also supports certain peer-to-peer services, such as the ability to listen to the MP3 collection of the targeted party (a handset also equipped with a SIP UA). In that case the caller&#39;s User Agent and the targeted party&#39;s User Agent provide session support for this activity. Also, SIP UA supports the ability to leave voicemail on the targeted party&#39;s handset by communicating with its UA application. 
     The SIP User Agent supports calling or targeted party functions as well as optionally SIP proxy functionality for media sharing applications. 
     A mobile web browser  602  capable of making HTTP requests to other user agents and websites and displaying the received information on the screen. This application is optimized for mobile applications and supports the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) 2.0. 
     A mobile web server  604  capable of receiving HTTP requests from other user agents or web browsers and serving them HTTP responses along with optional data contents such as some of the objects shown in  FIG. 1 . This server is optimized for mobile applications and supports the WAP 2.0 standard. 
     Referring to  FIG. 14 , selected hardware elements of an embodiment of a suitable EUD are illustrated. In the depicted embodiment, EUD  101  includes an application processor  702  that has access to a storage resource  704  in the form of flash and/or SDRAM memory modules that may store the code necessary to implement the Android or other type of operating system as well as the application programs including the UA described above. 
     In the depicted embodiment, the EUD  101  further includes a baseband processor  710  and radio transceiver that are operable to establish communications in a 3G, 4G or other suitable type of telecommunications protocol. The depicted EUD further includes a keypad  720 , which may include soft keys, hard keys, or a combination thereof, a display device  730  which may or may not include touch screen functionality. Various additional I/O devices including a microphone, speakers, and so forth may be connected to EUD  101  via an audio codec  722 . Other embodiments may further include video codecs that support the playing of streaming multimedia content including video content. It will be appreciated that the hardware elements of the depicted embodiment of EUD  101  are known to those skilled in the art and that it is through execution of the application software including the UA as described that the EUD achieves the described numeric addressing and directory services. Although the depicted embodiment of EUD  101  includes a variety of peripheral devices, other implementations, such as a network aware automobile radio, may employ fewer or simpler I/O devices.