Patent Publication Number: US-11387163-B2

Title: Scalable debris-free socket loading mechanism

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Loading of modern land grid array (LGA) microprocessors into sockets requires the application of large for loads to ensure that all of the electrical connections between the processor package and the socket contacts are established and stable. Current methods to load a microprocessor on a socket includes placing a thermal solution, which is generally the heat transfer surface of a heatsink, on the integrated heat spreader on the die side of the microprocessor and bolted to a motherboard. The load is transferred to the microprocessor through the heatsink. Multiple fasteners and load points are used to apply the load, requiring a specific sequence of fastener tightening. In many cases, the load required to place on the microprocessor by the heatsink causes metal fasteners to wear in such a way that metal debris in the form of small metal chips and slivers is created from multiple torque cycles to which the fasteners are subjected. The metal debris can cause failures in and around the microprocessor socket. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The embodiments of the disclosure will be understood more fully from the detailed description given below and from the accompanying drawings of various embodiments of the disclosure, which, however, should not be taken to limit the disclosure to the specific embodiments, but are for explanation and understanding only. 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an exploded view of an anti-tilt fastener assembly, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 2A  illustrates a top oblique view of an assembled anti-tilt base, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 2B  illustrates a bottom oblique view of an assembled anti-tilt base, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 3A  illustrates an exploded isometric view of an implementation of an anti-tilt fastener assembly, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 3B  illustrates a partial isometric view of an implementation showing a cutaway view of a single anti-tilt fastener assembly engaged with mounting structures, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 3C  illustrates a partial isometric view of an implementation, showing a complete view of an anti-tilt fastener assembly engaged with mounting structures, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIGS. 4A-4B  illustrate isometric views of an exemplary method of using an anti-tilt fastener assembly, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIGS. 5A-5B  illustrate cross-sectional views of an exemplary method of using an anti-tilt fastener assembly, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIGS. 6A-6B  illustrate isometric views of the exemplary method of using an anti-tilt fastener shown in  FIGS. 5A and 5B , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a flow chart for an exemplary method of using an anti-tilt fastener assembly, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 8A  illustrates an isometric view of a first embodiment of a retention nut for an anti-tilt fastener assembly, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 8B  illustrates an isometric view of a second embodiment of a retention nut for an anti-tilt fastener assembly, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 8C  illustrates an isometric view of a third embodiment of a retention nut for an anti-tilt fastener assembly, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 9A  illustrates a cross-sectional view of a retention nut having a through-bore, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 9B  illustrates a cross-sectional view of a retention nut having a blind bore, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 10  illustrates a cross-sectional view of the structure of fill-fibers in fiber filled PEEK body of a retention nut, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 11  illustrates an isometric exploded view of a first embodiment of a microprocessor carrier comprising a microprocessor release lever, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 12A  illustrates an exploded isometric view of a carrier/microprocessor assembly, comprising a microprocessor carrier and a microprocessor, viewed from the land side, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 12B  illustrates an exploded isometric view of a carrier/microprocessor assembly comprising a microprocessor carrier and a microprocessor, viewed from the die side, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 12C  illustrates an isometric view of a carrier/microprocessor assembly comprising a microprocessor carrier and a microprocessor, viewed from the die side, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIGS. 13A-13B  illustrate operations of a method of using a microprocessor carrier, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 14A  illustrates a plan view of a microprocessor carrier comprising a laterally articulating microprocessor release lever, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 14B  illustrates a plan view of a laterally articulating microprocessor release lever separate from the microprocessor carrier, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 14C  illustrates a profile view of a microprocessor release lever separate from the microprocessor carrier, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 15A-15B  illustrate operations of a method of using a microprocessor carrier to release a microprocessor from a heatsink, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 16A  illustrates an exploded isometric view of a loading mechanism, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 16B  illustrates a plan view in the x-y plane of a loading mechanism, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 16C  illustrates a profile view in the x-z plane of a loading mechanism, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 17  illustrates an oblique view of a loading mechanism mounted on a PCB, and a microprocessor/heatsink module, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 18A  illustrates a cross-sectional view of a microprocessor/heatsink module installed on a loading mechanism in a preload state, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 18B  illustrates a profile view of a microprocessor/heatsink module installed on a loading mechanism in a load state, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 19  illustrates a flow chart for a method of using a loading mechanism having torsion springs, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 20  illustrates an isometric view of a microprocessor carrier, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 21  illustrates an exploded isometric view of a microprocessor carrier, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIGS. 22A-22B  illustrate profile views of coupling a microprocessor carrier to a hinge point on a bolster plate, according to embodiments of the disclosure 
         FIGS. 23A-23D  illustrate an exemplary method for installing a microprocessor carrier on bolster plate, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIGS. 24A and 24B  illustrate oblique views of the latching mechanism to lock a carrier/microprocessor assembly to a bolster plate, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 25  illustrates an exemplary method for the fine alignment of a microprocessor package on a microprocessor socket by use of mid-alignment tabs on the microprocessor carrier, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIGS. 26A and 26B  illustrate an exemplary method of loading a carrier/microprocessor subassembly, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 27  illustrates the anti-tilt function of a CPU subassembly, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 28  illustrates a flow chart for a method of using a microprocessor carrier following  FIGS. 23A-23D , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 29  a microprocessor (CPU) as part of a system-on-chip (SoC) package, where the microprocessor SoC package is mounted on the motherboard of a computing device according to the disclosed method, where one or more anti-tilt fastener assemblies are employed to load the microprocessor. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following description, numerous details are discussed to provide a more thorough explanation of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form, rather than in detail, in order to avoid obscuring embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     Throughout the specification, and in the claims, the term “connected” means a direct connection, such as electrical, mechanical, or magnetic connection between the things that are connected, without any intermediary devices. 
     Due to the large power requirements for modern microprocessors employed in laptops, desktop workstations and servers, a thermal solution is necessary to remove heat from the microprocessor package. The thermal solution is generally in the form of a heatsink that comprises fins to remove heat by convective cooling. In most microprocessor mounting schemes, the microprocessor package is mounted in such a way that the microprocessor is in intimate contact with the heatsink. The microprocessor package typically comprises an integrated heat spreader (IHS) that is juxtaposed to a heat transfer surface on the bottom of the heatsink mounting flange. A thermal interface material, such as a heat transfer liquid or gel, is commonly spread on the IHS before mounting to enhance heat conduction from the microprocessor to the heatsink. 
     The heatsink is bolted down over the microprocessor to apply a load on the microprocessor to compress the microprocessor against its socket. The load on the microprocessor is generally necessary to ensure that the electrical contact pads on the microprocessor are solidly coupled to corresponding contacts on the socket. In some embodiments, the heatsink is fastened on a microprocessor loading mechanism. 
     A microprocessor loading mechanism facilitates mounting a microprocessor on a computer motherboard or other printed circuit board (PCB). Microprocessor loading mechanisms may comprise a retention plate that is attached to a computer motherboard for a desktop machine or server, or any other microprocessor-hosting PCB. Typically, the retention plate surrounds a microprocessor socket designed for land grid array microprocessors. The retention plate may comprise mounting studs for mounting the heatsink. 
     The microprocessor socket may be attached directly to the PCB. The microprocessor is generally seated in the socket with a heatsink placed over the microprocessor and interfaced with an integrated heat spreader (IHS) on the die side of the microprocessor package. The heatsink is bolted down on the loading mechanism to provide a compressive load on the microprocessor. In some embodiments, the microprocessor and heatsink are assembled as a single module that is brought to the PCB and bolted to the loading mechanism. 
     A significant load on the microprocessor is necessary to press the lands on the microprocessor package against the pin array on the socket to ensure that 100% of the contacts on the microprocessor are solidly coupled to corresponding pins on the socket. In many cases, loads between 150 and 400 lbf (667N and 1777N) are necessary to impose on the microprocessor package. In general, the required load scales in proportion to the size of the contact array. Modern microprocessor packages have contact counts of over 4000. 
     During computer servicing, it is common for the microprocessor heatsink to be unloaded and re-loaded multiple times, where retention nuts undergo numerous torque cycles. In some manufacturing lines, retention nuts may be tightened and untightened between 12 and 30 times. In addition to loading cycles during computer manufacture, repair or upgrade of the motherboard may cause end-users to replace the microprocessor more than one time. 
     As retaining nuts are generally made from steel alloys, load cycle demands can cause excessive wear of the retaining nuts. Abrasion of the metal nuts results in flaking of metal particles over the PCB near other integrated circuits or conductors, which causes a risk of short circuits. 
     Disclosed herein is a retention nut fastener comprising an injection molded thermoplastic material. In some embodiments, the thermoplastic material is glass-filled polyether ether ketone (PEEK) that comprises a glass fiber fill composition ranging between 15%-35%. The retention nut fastener of the present disclosure does not show signs of wear even when subjected to more than 1000 loading cycles. 
     The term “coupled” means a direct or indirect connection, such as a direct electrical, mechanical, or magnetic connection between the things that are connected or an indirect connection, through one or more passive or active intermediary devices. 
     Here, the term “package” generally refers to a self-contained carrier of one or more dies, where the dies are attached to the package substrate, and encapsulated for protection, with integrated or wire-boned interconnects between the die(s) and leads, pins or bumps located on the external portions of the package substrate. The package may contain a single die, or multiple dies, providing a specific function. The package is usually mounted on a printed circuit board for interconnection with other packaged ICs and discrete components, forming a larger circuit. 
     The term “circuit” or “module” may refer to one or more passive and/or active components that are arranged to cooperate with one another to provide a desired function. The term “signal” may refer to at least one current signal, voltage signal, magnetic signal, or data/clock signal. The meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references. The meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on.” 
     The vertical orientation is in the z-direction and it is understood that recitations of “top”, “bottom”, “above” and “below” refer to relative positions in the z-dimension with the usual meaning. However, it is understood that embodiments are not necessarily limited to the orientations or configurations illustrated in the figure. 
     The terms “substantially,” “close,” “approximately,” “near,” and “about,” generally refer to being within +/−10% of a target value (unless specifically specified). Unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinal adjectives “first,” “second,” and “third,” etc., to describe a common object, merely indicate that different instances of like objects are being referred to, and are not intended to imply that the objects so described must be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking or in any other manner. 
     For the purposes of the present disclosure, phrases “A and/or B” and “A or B” mean (A), (B), or (A and B). For the purposes of the present disclosure, the phrase “A, B, and/or C” means (A), (B), (C), (A and B), (A and C), (B and C), or (A, B and C). 
     Views labeled “cross-sectional”, “profile”, “plan”, and “isometric” correspond to orthogonal planes within a cartesian coordinate system. Thus, cross-sectional and profile views are taken in the x-z plane, plan views are taken in the x-y plane, and isometric views are taken in a 3-dimensional cartesian coordinate system (x-y-z). Where appropriate, drawings are labeled with axes to indicate the orientation of the figure. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an exploded view of anti-tilt fastener assembly  100 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 1 , an exploded view is shown of anti-tilt fastener assembly  100 , where anti-tilt fastener assembly  100  is an assembly comprising a retention nut  101 , a base  102 , a spring clip  103 , and a latch plate  104 . Retention nut  101  and base  102  are described in more detail in  FIGS. 2A-2B . In some embodiments, spring clip  103  is a cantilever spring comprising a spring wire bent into a loop or bail  105 , which may be contoured to serve as a finger catch. In some embodiments, spring clip  103  comprises anchor hooks  106 , which engage with base  102  to cantilever spring clip  103  from base  102 . In some embodiments, spring clip  103  functions as a cantilever compression spring, as described below. Spring clip  103  may comprise spring steel, such as piano wire, beryllium copper wire, or any wire comprising compositions that exhibit elastic deformation when bent off-axis. In some embodiments, spring clip  103  has dimensions ranging from 0.5 inch to 1 inch (12-25 mm) tall×0.5 inch to 1-inch wide×0.5 inch-0.7 inch deep. Spring clip  103  may be characterized as a clip, retention clip, or the like. 
     Latch plate  104  comprises a frame  107 , which in some embodiments is substantially coplanar with spring clip  103 , clasps  108  (or catches), and tabs  109 . In some embodiments, clasps  108  and tabs  109  extend from frame  107 . In some embodiments, tabs  109  extend from the plane of frame  107 . In some embodiments, tabs  109  are substantially planar structures that extend orthogonally from frame  107 . In some embodiments, tabs  109  comprise sloped or chamfered edges  110  as shown in the inset. In some embodiments, clasps  108  comprise snap and guide structures that attach latch plate  104  to spring clip  103 , where clasps  108  snap onto wire receiving structures  111  of spring clip  103 . 
     Latch plate  104  may be formed from any suitable material such as a sheet metal stock that can be stamped. For example, sheet metal stock may comprise steel alloys. In some embodiments, the sheet metal stock may comprise copper and beryllium alloys. 
       FIG. 2A  illustrates a top isometric view of assembled anti-tilt base  200 , comprising spring clip  103  mounted on base  102 , and latch plate  104  attached to spring clip  103 . Base  102  comprises captivation sleeve  201  integral with seating flange  202 . In some embodiments, captivation sleeve  201  is divided into segments separated by gaps. In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2A , captivating sleeve comprises wall segments  201   a ,  201   b ,  201   c , separated by gaps  201   d . In some embodiments, captivation sleeve  201  comprises more than three segments. In some embodiments, captivating sleeve  201  comprises fewer than three wall segments. 
     Captivation sleeve  201  surrounds cavity  203 , which is adapted to receive retention nut  101  (not shown). In some embodiments, alignment stubs  204  protrude into cavity  203  from the inner surface of wall segments  201   a - 201   c . In some embodiments, alignment stubs  204  may be employed to capture and center a retention nut (e.g. retention nut  101  in  FIG. 1 ) within cavity  203 . Below the bottom side of seating flange  202  and integral therewith is collar  205 , where seating collar  205  may be employed to insert into a counterbore around a bolt passage hole on the mounting flange of a heatsink to center the base around the bolt passage hole, as described below (see  FIG. 3B ). Alignment prongs  206  extend from the bottom of seating flange  202 , and may be employed to assist seating collar  205 , according to some embodiments. Alignment prongs  206  may be employed to anchor base  102  to the mounting flange by inserting into mating holes on the heatsink flange, as described below (see  FIG. 4B ). 
     Base  102  may include any suitable material or materials. In some embodiments, base  102  comprises a polymeric material, such as, but not limited to, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polysulfones such as polyether sulfones (PES), poly(p-phenylene sulfide), polyetherimide such as capton and ultem, polycarbonate, polyamides such as nylon, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). In some embodiments, base  102  is a molded piece. 
     Latch plate  104  is attached to spring clip  103  by clasps  108 . In some embodiments, spring clip  103  is cantilevered from base  102 . Specifically, in some embodiments, spring clip  103  is cantilevered from seating flange  202 . Spring clip  103  may be made to deflect away from captivation sleeve  201  by manual actuation, for example. In the illustrated embodiment, spring clip  103  comprises a loop or bail  207 , which may be employed as a finger catch to bend spring clip  103  outward from captivation sleeve  201 . 
       FIG. 2B  illustrates a bottom oblique view of assembled anti-tilt base  200 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 2B , the bottom side of seating flange  202  is shown, exposing further structural details of base  102 . Seating collar  205  comprises passage hole  208  extending through the center of seating collar  205 . Passage hole  208  opens into cavity  203  and may be employed to pass a threaded stud or bolt into cavity  203 . In some embodiments, the center of passage hole  208  coincides with the center of captivation sleeve  201 . In some embodiments, a retaining nut is centered over passage hole  208  by abutting alignment stubs  204  within cavity  203  to engage with a threaded stud or bolt extending into cavity  203 . 
     Alignment prongs  206  are shown extending from the bottom surface of seating flange  202 . In the illustrated embodiment, two alignment prongs  206  are shown. It is understood that the number of alignment prongs  206  are not limited to two, and any suitable number of alignment prongs  206  may be employed. Grooves  209  are incorporated into seating flange  202  to accommodate anchor hooks  106  of spring clip  103 . Grooves  209  may be employed as fixations for anchor hooks  106 , facilitating cantilevering spring clip  103  from seating flange  202 . 
       FIG. 3A  illustrates an exploded isometric view of an implementation  300  of anti-tilt fastener assembly  100 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 3A , implementation embodiment  300  is a microprocessor mounting assembly comprising heatsink  301  and bolster plate  302 . Heatsink  301  comprises heat transfer fins  303  integral with mounting flange  304 . Anti-tilt fastener assemblies  100  are positioned at the four corners of mounting flange  304 . Not shown are bolt passage holes at the four corners of mounting flange  304 , over which anti-tilt fastener assemblies  100  are centered. Heatsink  301  is mounted on bolster plate  302  by passage of threaded mounting studs  305  extending in the z-direction from the corners of bolster plate  302  through bolt passage holes (shown in  FIG. 4B ) in mounting flange  304 , where they are engaged with retention nuts  101 . Adjacent to mounting studs  305  are latching posts  306 . 
     Bolster plate  302  comprises frame  307  surrounding microprocessor socket  308 . In a typical implementation, bolster plate  302  is fastened to a computer motherboard or other printed circuit board substrate (not shown) and retains microprocessor socket  308  on the substrate. A microprocessor (not shown) is placed on the socket with contacts, which are typically a ball grid array (BGA) on the land side of the microprocessor, aligned with microspring contacts on the socket. The assembly is completed when heatsink  301  is positioned over the microprocessor and brought into contact with an integrated heat spreader (IHS), which is a heat transfer surface on the die side of the microprocessor. Heatsink  301  is aligned by passage of mounting studs  305  on bolster plate  302  through bolt passage holes at the corners of mounting flange  304 . A load is applied to the microprocessor by compressing it against the socket as retention nuts  101  are engaged with mounting studs  305  and torqued down over mounting flange  304 . In some embodiments, loads between 200 and 300 lbf are applied to the microprocessor by torquing retention nuts  101  to torques between 4 in-lb and 16 in-lb on mounting flange  304 . 
     In some embodiments, latching posts  306  are adjacent to mounting studs  305  on bolster plate  302 . Anti-tilt fastener assemblies  100  are aligned to engage latch plates  104  with latching posts  306  (described below, see  FIG. 3C ). Latch plates  104  are loaded by spring clips  103 , which act as cantilever springs under compressive strain when latch plates  104  are engaged with latching posts  306 . The illustrated embodiment of  FIG. 3A  shows two latching posts  306  on opposing corners of bolster plate  302 , adjacent to two of the mounting studs  305 . Correspondingly, two anti-tilt fastener assemblies  100  are attached to opposing corners of mounting flange  304  aligned to the mounting studs  305  that are adjacent to each latching post  306 . In some embodiments, four latching posts  306  are adjacent to the four mounting studs  305 , where anti-tilt fastener assemblies  100  are attached to the four corners. In some embodiments, mounting flange  304  has additional bolt passage holes midway between corners, to mate with additional mounting studs  305  positioned along frame  307  midway between corners of bolster plate  302 . 
     Latching posts  306  ensure parallelism between heatsink  301  and bolster plate frame  307 . In some embodiments, a pre-load position and a load position are provided by latching posts  306  having a T-shaped structure at their tops. As will be described further below ( FIGS. 5A and 5B ), the pre-load and load positions ensure parallelism between mounting flange  304  and bolster plate  302  before a load is applied to the microprocessor from torque applied to retention nuts  101 . Conventional microprocessor loading methods may cause the heatsink to disadvantageously tilt as the retaining nuts are torqued down, transferring uneven loads to the microprocessor, which may cause it to tilt as well. This may damage both the microprocessor and the microspring pins of microprocessor socket  308 . 
       FIG. 3B  illustrates a partial isometric view of implementation  300  in a load position showing a cross-sectional view of a single anti-tilt fastener assembly  100  engaged with mounting structures, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 3B , a partial view of implementation  300  in a load position, shows a corner of heatsink  301  mounted on bolster plate  302 . A cutaway view of anti-tilt fastener assembly  100  engaged with mounting stud  305  is shown to reveal structural details. Retention nut  101  is seated within base  102 , which is secured on mounting flange  304  by insertion of seating collar  205  within counterbore  309  of mounting flange  304 . Retention nut  101  comprises a barrel  310  and a retaining flange  311 . Threaded bore  312  extends coaxially along barrel  310 . In some embodiments, threaded bore  312  extends only partially along the longitudinal axis of barrel  310 . Retention nut  101  is captivated within cavity  203  of captivation sleeve  201 , and abuts alignment stubs  204 , which center retention nut  101  over bolt passage hole  313  extending through mounting flange  304 . Mounting stud  305  extends substantially vertically (z-direction) from bolster plate  302  through bolt passage hole  313 , and is engaged within threaded bore  312  of retention nut  101 . In some embodiments, mounting stud  305  extends to driver pattern  313 . 
       FIG. 3C  illustrates a partial isometric view of implementation  300 , showing a complete view of anti-tilt fastener assembly  100  engaged with mounting structures, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 3C , retention nut  101  is seated within captivation sleeve  201 . Anti-tilt fastener assembly  100  is anchored to mounting flange  304  of heatsink  301  by seating flange  202 . In some embodiments, captivation sleeve  201  is integral with seating flange  202  to complete base  102 , and thus base  102  is anchored to mounting flange  304 . As shown in  FIG. 3B , seating collar  205 , which is integral with seating flange  202 , engages with counterbore  309  to anchor base  102  to mounting flange  304 . In some embodiments, alignment prongs  206  shown in  FIGS. 2A and 2B , also insert into mounting flange  304  (shown in  FIG. 4B ), further anchoring base  102 . 
     Spring clip  103  presses latch plate  104  against latching post  306 . Tabs  109  that extend orthogonally from latch plate  104  are engaged with notch  314  of latching post  306 . Crossbar  315  confines tabs  109  within notch  314 , restricting vertical movement of heatsink  301  as part of the anti-tilt function. In some embodiments, latching post  306  is integral with bolster plate  302 . In the illustrated embodiment, and as described above, latching post  306  has a particular T-shape to enable the anti-tilt function. In some embodiments, other suitable shapes may provide substantially the same anti-tilt function by restricting vertical movement of heatsink  301  in the z-direction. In the illustrated embodiment, crossbar  315  and notch  314  confine tabs  109  within notch  314 , ensuring parallelism between heatsink  301  and bolster plate  302  during application or removal of the load by tightening or loosening retention nut  101  on mounting flange  304 . 
       FIGS. 4A-4D  illustrate isometric views of an exemplary method of using anti-tilt fastener assembly  100 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 4A , method  400  begins with assembly of anti-tilt fastener assembly  100 , according to some embodiments. Anti-tilt fastener assembly  100  is shown in exploded view with dashed lines indicating the relationship between the components. Assembly may be made in any order; the following description is exemplary only and by no means is meant to be limiting. Spring clip  103  is mounted on base  102  by insertion of anchor hooks  106  into receiving grooves  209  on the bottom of seating flange  202  (not shown, see  FIG. 2B ). Latch plate  104  is mounted on spring clip  103  by attaching clasp  108  onto wire receiving structures  111 . Retention nut  101  is to be inserted into captivation sleeve  201  in a subsequent operation. In some embodiments, anti-tilt fastener is received in an assembled state. 
     In the operation shown in  FIG. 4B , anti-tilt fastener assemblies  100  (and/or partial assemblies  100   a , where spring clip  103  and latch plate  104  are omitted) are inserted on mounting flange  304  of heatsink  301 , as indicated by the dashed vertical connector lines. The dashed lines indicate alignment of partially assembled anti-tilt fastener assembly  100   a  with counterbore  309  and prong receiving holes  401 . In some embodiments, anti-tilt fasteners  100  are assembled on mounting flange  304 . In some embodiments, anti-tilt fastener assemblies  100  are attached to mounting flange  304  in a partially assembled state (e.g.,  100   a ), with insertion of retention nut  101  in a subsequent operation. In the illustrated embodiment, diagonal corners of mounting flange  304  receive complete ( 100 ) and partial ( 100   a ) anti-tilt fastener assemblies. In the illustrated embodiment, partial anti-tilt fastener assemblies  100   a  lack spring clip  103  and latch plate  104 . For example, tilt control of heatsink  301  may be accomplished using only two complete anti-tilt assemblies  100  placed at diagonal corners. 
     Base  102  is attached to mounting flange  304  by insertion of alignment prongs  206  into prong receiving holes  401  until seating flange  202  of base  102  abuts mounting flange  304 . Alignment prongs  206  may be press-fit into receiving holes  401  to securely mount base  102 . Seating collar  205  (not shown in  FIG. 4B ; see  FIG. 4A ) is inserted into counterbore  309 . Centered within counterbore  309  is bolt passage hole  402 , to which passage hole  208  in base  102  and retention nut  101  is aligned by captivation sleeve  201 . In some embodiments, seating collar  205  is press fit into counterbore  309 . In some embodiments, retention nut  101  comprises retaining flange  311 . Retention nut  101  is pressed into captivation sleeve  201 . 
     During insertion, retaining flange  311  at the base of retention nut  101  abuts alignment stubs  204  and is pushed downward, pushing apart wall segments  201   a - 201   c , which close over retaining flange  311  once it is pushed past alignment stubs  204 . The captivation action retains retention nut  101  within captivation sleeve  201 . The wall of barrel  310  of retention nut  101  abuts alignment stubs  204 , aiding in centering retention nut within captivation sleeve  201 . 
     In the operation depicted in  FIG. 4B , attachment of anti-tilt fastener assemblies  100  (and  100   a , according to some embodiments) is combined with mounting heatsink  301  onto bolster plate  302 . In some embodiments, bolster plate  302  is fastened to a printed circuit board substrate (not shown), such as, but not limited to, a computer motherboard. Frame  307  of bolster plate  302  surrounds microprocessor socket  308 . In some embodiments, microprocessor socket  308  is fastened to bolster plate  302 . In some embodiments, microprocessor socket  308  is fastened to the substrate directly. Heatsink  301  is mounted to bolster plate  302  by passing mounting studs  305  through bolt passage holes  402  on mounting flange  304 . In the illustrated embodiment shown in  FIG. 4B , this operation is performed by lowering heatsink  301  to bolster plate  302 , aligning bolt passage holes  402  to mounting studs  305 . 
     In some embodiments, the microprocessor is attached to a microprocessor carrier (not shown), which in turn is attached to the bottom side of mounting flange  304 . In some embodiments, mounting flange  304  comprises a heat transfer surface (not shown). The heat transfer surface comprises a region of high heat conductivity, such as a copper or aluminum surface embedded in mounting flange  304 , whose structural portion comprises steel, according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, an integrated heat spreader (IHS) is incorporated onto the die side surface of the microprocessor. The IHS is in intimate contact with the heat transfer surface when mounted on heatsink  301 . In some embodiments, a layer of thermal interface material (TIM) is applied between the IHS and the heat transfer surface of mounting flange  304 . A TIM is typically a gel or paste, spread as a thin layer to enhance thermal conduction from one surface to the other. 
     In some embodiments, the microprocessor is mounted on socket  308  on the substrate and not carried by heatsink  301 . In some embodiments, microprocessor socket  308  comprises multiple contact pins (e.g., several thousand) that are in the form of microspring wires. The microspring wires have a load tolerance that when exceeded, may be damaged by application of excessive force. In some embodiments, a global load of 300 lbf or more on the microprocessor cannot be exceeded without risking damage to the socket contacts and the microprocessor itself. A minimum global load is generally required to ensure that all pads on the microprocessor (e.g., a LGA) contact all pins on the socket. In some embodiments, the minimum global load is 150-200 lbf. 
     In the illustrated embodiment of  FIG. 4B , heatsink  301  is lowered over bolster plate  302 , comprising frame  307  that surrounds socket  308  and the microprocessor (not shown) when seated within socket  308 , establishing an interface between the IHS and the heat transfer surface of mounting flange  304 . In conventional heatsink mounting operations, a heatsink similar to heatsink  301  is laid directly on top of the microprocessor. Various ways to fasten the heatsink to the substrate are available. During the fastening procedure, the microprocessor is compressed by a load transferred through the heatsink. When parallelism is maintained between the heatsink mounting flange and the microprocessor during application of a load when retention nuts  101  are torqued down, a uniform load is distributed evenly on the microprocessor, and transferred evenly to the contact pins on the socket. With even loading of the contact pins by transfer of a uniform load over the microprocessor, damage to the pins is avoided as long as the load tolerance (of the contact pins) is not exceeded. 
     However, in conventional heatsink mounting operations, the load may be applied unevenly due to the uneven distribution of force generated locally when torque is applied to the individual fasteners around the heatsink mounting flange. The uneven load distribution may cause the heatsink to tilt, thus compressing some socket pins with excessive force, while breaking contact with others. In attempts to avoid excessive tilting of the heatsink during conventional mounting, tightening procedures may require a special torquing sequence, where fasteners are tightened in a strict pattern that may include cycles of partial tightening. These procedures tend to increase time necessary to mount a microprocessor on a motherboard. 
     Returning to the exemplary method of operation of  FIG. 4B , alignment of heatsink  301  with bolster plate  302  by passage of mounting studs  305  through bolt passage holes  402  immediately centers mounting studs  305  to retention nuts  101  (indicated by the vertical dashed connector line), where mounting studs  305  and retention nuts  101  are substantially coaxial. In some embodiments, retention nut  101  is inserted into captivation sleeve  201  after base  102  is secured to mounting flange  304 . In some embodiments, retention nut  101  is inserted in captivation sleeve  201  before attachment. 
     Lowering heatsink  301  onto bolster plate  302  ultimately juxtaposes latching posts  306  with latch plates  104  in the preload position mentioned above. The interaction between latching posts  306  and latch plates  104  plays a central role in the tilt control afforded by anti-tilt fastener assemblies  100 , and is now described. 
       FIGS. 5A-5B  illustrate cross-sectional views of an exemplary method of using anti-tilt fastener assembly  100 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In the operation shown in  FIG. 5A , heatsink  301  is pre-loaded over bolster plate  302  to establish parallelism before a load is applied when retention nuts  101  are engaged with mounting studs  305  and torqued down on mounting flange  304  in subsequent operations. In some embodiments, bolster plate  302  is fastened to substrate  501 . In the pre-load position, tabs  109  that extend outward (away from retention nut  101 ) orthogonally from latch plate  104 , rest on top of latching posts  306  on bolster plate  302 . Tension in spring clip  103  presses latch plate against latching post  306 , where tabs  109  rest on crossbar  315 . In some embodiments, latching post  306  comprises plate steel, and is substantially immovable. In some embodiments, tension in spring clip  103  is sufficient to suspend heatsink  301  over bolster plate  302 , where spring clip  103  is not caused to collapse and deflect toward retention nut  101  by the weight of heatsink  301  alone. Inward deflection of spring clip  103  (toward retention nut  101 ) releases latch plate  104  from latching post  306 , which causes heatsink  301  to descend toward bolster plate  302 . As described below, sufficient force exerted from downward hand pressure on heatsink  301  overcomes tension in spring clip  103 , and forces sloped edges  110  of tabs  109  to slide over crossbar  315 . 
     Torques engendered by the reaction of latching post  306  on latch plate  104  are countered by the reaction of mounting flange  304  on seating flange  202  of base  102 , and by the walls of counterbore  309  on seating collar  205 . The counter reaction forces stabilize anti-tilt fastener assemblies  100  during pre-loading and contribute to maintaining pre-load parallelism. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5A , mounting studs  305  are aligned with bolt passage holes  402  and caused to partially extend through bolt passage holes  402  when sloped edge  110  of tab  109  is brought to rest on crossbar  315 . In some embodiments, mounting studs  305  extend at least partially through passage hole  208 . Retention nut  101  is centered within captivation sleeve  201  by virtue of alignment stubs  204 , permitting mounting stud  305  to be automatically aligned with passage hole  208  centered within seating collar  205 . Mounting stud  305  is aligned with bore  312  of retention nut  101 , which is coaxial with passage hole  208  and bolt passage hole  402 . Retention nut  101  has a degree of freedom of motion in the z-direction within cavity  203  of captivation sleeve  201 , and may be pushed upward by mounting stud  305  to accommodate the length or penetration of mounting stud  305 . Retention nut  101  is constrained to remain within captivation sleeve  201  by alignment stub  204  reacting on retaining flange  311  at the base of retention nut  101 . 
     In the operation shown in  FIG. 5B , downward force (indicted by the downward pointing arrows) is applied over heatsink  301  to overcome the tension in spring clip  103 , causing tab  109  to slide smoothly over crossbar  315  (by virtue of sloped edge  110 ) and be captivated in notch  314 . Heatsink  301  is in the load position. In this way, the parallelism established in the pre-load position ( FIG. 5A ) is maintained by controlled descent of heatsink  301  into the load position, effectuated by simultaneous release of spring clips  103  on multiple symmetrically distributed anti-tilt fastener assemblies  100 . 
     Mounting stud  305  now fully penetrates through bolt passage hole  402  in mounting flange  304  and passage hole  208 , entering into cavity  203  to abut bore  312  of retention nut  101 . As retention nut  101  can move in the z-direction within cavity  203 , it may float freely on top of mounting stud  305 , therefore mounting stud  305  may have any length that does not exceed the z-height of captivation sleeve  201 . The mouth of bore  312  may be countersunk to allow entry of the tip of mounting stud  305  to aid the engagement of mounting stud  305  with threads of retention nut  101 . 
     In the load position, the microprocessor that is carried by mounting flange  304  is now seated in socket  308  on bolster plate  302 . In some embodiments, keying structures  504  on microprocessor carrier ensure proper alignment of the microprocessor and socket  308 . In this state, no load is yet applied on heatsink  301 . As torque is applied to each retention nut  101  where multiple anti-tilt fastener assemblies  100  are employed, load increases locally at each corner of mounting flange, tending to tilt heatsink  301  upwards. Tilt control is effectuated by tab  109  extending from latch plate  104 , which bucks the upward movement of an opposing corner or edge in the z-direction by abutting crossbar  315  from inside notch  314 , restricting z-motion of the opposing corner or edge that has not yet been fastened. 
       FIGS. 6A-B  illustrate isometric views of the exemplary method of using anti-tilt fastener assembly  100  shown in  FIGS. 5A and 5B , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
       FIG. 6A  shows an isometric representation of the cross-sectional view of  FIG. 5A . The isometric view shows details that are not visible in the cross-sectional views. Heatsink  301  carries anti-tilt fastener assembly  100  on mounting flange  304 , and is positioned over bolster plate  302  to align mounting stud  305  under anti-tilt fastener  101 . Below heatsink  301  are keying structures  504  extending from microprocessor carrier  505 , that align with mating features of socket  308 . Alignment of retention nut  101  with mounting stud  305  lines up latching post  306  with tabs  109 . 
       FIG. 6B  shows an isometric representation of the cross-sectional view of  FIG. 5B . Heatsink  301  is lowered onto bolster plate  302 , seating the microprocessor in microprocessor socket  308  (not shown in  FIG. 6B ). Tabs  109  are locked in notch  314  by spring clip  103 . In this operation retention nut  101  is engaged with mounting stud  305  (as in  FIG. 6A , not shown). In some embodiments, retention nut  101  may be torqued down on mounting flange  304  in any order without risking tilting of heatsink  301 , protecting the microprocessor. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates flow chart  700  for an exemplary method of using anti-tilt fastener assembly  100 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     At operation  701 , one or more anti-tilt fastener assemblies are received for microprocessor installation on a printed circuit board (PCB), such as, but not limited to, a computer motherboard. Installation methods commonly seat a microprocessor package in a socket mounted on a PCB, placing a substantially heavier heatsink over the microprocessor package. 
     Microprocessor packages frequently comprise an integrated heat spreader (IHS) on the die side of the package. The IHS is interfaced with a heat transfer surface integrated in the base plate of the heatsink. The heatsink is bolted down over a retaining plate around the socket. Retention nuts are tightened on mounting studs extending through holes in a mounting flange at the base of the heatsink. While the retention nuts are being tightened, load is generated on the heatsink and distributed over the microprocessor package. The load is necessary to compress the microprocessor package against the socket such that the multiple thousands of contacts on the microprocessor package make reliable connections with the pins on the socket. Too little load will cause open contacts; too much load can damage the pins, socket and/or microprocessor package. 
     As typically one nut is tightened at a time, the load on the heatsink can become unbalanced and engenders a tendency for the heatsink to tilt. The load imbalance is transmitted to the microprocessor package, which may tilt along with the heatsink. Damage may occur to the socket and pins. In some embodiments, the microprocessor is mounted in a carrier that is attached to the base of the heatsink, and moves with it. To mitigate the load imbalance in conventional microprocessor installation schemes, nuts have to be tightened in a pattern and sequence. 
     The anti-tilt fastener assembly (e.g.,  100  in  FIG. 1 ) may replace conventional nuts for generating load on a microprocessor. Anti-tilt fastener assemblies comprise a retention nut, captivation base, latch spring and latch plate. The latch spring and latch plate engages latching structures on a retention plate. The captivation base captivates the retention nut and aligns it to a mounting stud. 
     At operation  702 , a microprocessor package is mounted in a suitable microprocessor carrier (e.g., microprocessor carrier  1100  in  FIG. 11 ; however, any suitable carrier design for mounting on heatsink may be employed) that is attached to the base plate of a heatsink. The microprocessor carrier comprises latch tabs (e.g., latch tabs  1207  in  FIG. 12A ) that fit around the mounting flange of the heatsink (e.g., see  FIG. 13A ). The carrier/microprocessor assembly (“package” is omitted here) is then mounted on the base of the heatsink, forming a microprocess/heatsink assembly. In some embodiments, the IHS of the microprocessor package is interfaced with the heat transfer surface on the bottom surface of the heatsink base plate. 
     At operation  703 , the anti-tilt fastener assemblies are mounted over bolt passage holes on the mounting flange of the heatsink (e.g., see  FIG. 4B ). In some embodiments, bolt passage holes (e.g., holes  309  in  FIG. 4B ) are counterbored (e.g., counterbore  402  in  FIG. 4B ). The anti-tilt fastener assembly base components seat in the counterbores, holding captivated retention nuts (e.g., retention nut  101  in  FIG. 1 ) and aligning the retention nuts with the bolt passage holes. In some embodiments, alignment prongs extending from the base component fit into holes (e.g., holes  401  in  FIG. 4B ) to aid in anchoring and centering the anti-tilt fastener assemblies. 
     At operation  704 , the microprocessor/heatsink assembly formed at operation  702  is mounted on a retention plate. In some embodiments, the retention plate is a bolster plate (e.g., bolster plate  300  in  FIG. 3A ). In some embodiments, the retention plate is part of a microprocessor loading mechanism. The retention plate is fastened to a PCB, which is typically a computer motherboard. The retention plate comprises mounting studs and latching posts adjacent to at least two mounting studs (e.g., see  FIG. 3A ). 
     The mounting process occurs in two stages. First, the microprocessor/heatsink assembly is lowered onto of the retention plate, where mounting studs pass through the bolt passage holes and through the base component to abut the captivated retention nuts. The latch plate component of the anti-tilt fastener assemblies perch on the latching posts (e.g., perch on crossbar  315  in  FIG. 3C ). The microprocessor/heatsink assembly is suspended a few millimeters over the microprocessor socket so the microprocessor package does not seat within the socket. By perching on at least two latching posts on diagonal corners, the parallelism of the microprocessor/heatsink assembly can be adjusted. In some embodiments, the retention plate comprises a latching post at each of the four corners of the retention plate. Perching the latch plate component of each anti-tilt fastener assembly on the four latching posts automatically aligns the microprocessor/heatsink assembly to the socket below (e.g., see  FIG. 5A ). 
     Alternatively, in some embodiments, the microprocessor package is separate from the heatsink, and seated in the socket that is within an aperture in the retention plate comprising the latching posts. The heatsink is lowered onto the retention plate latching posts as a separate unit. Following the steps outlined above, the heatsink is first aligned and made parallel to the microprocessor package in the socket. 
     At operation  705 , a downward steady force is applied over the heatsink, pushing the microprocessor/heatsink assembly (or the heatsink separately) down and onto the microprocessor socket. The latch plate components of the anti-tilt fastener assemblies engage with the latching posts, locking the heatsink/microprocessor assembly (or heatsink separately) onto the retention plate. 
     Release of the load during unmounting procedure can imbalance the load, tending to tilt the heatsink. The latch plate component of the anti-tilt fastener assemblies restricts vertical movement of any corner of the heatsink, thereby preventing the heatsink from tilting upwards. 
     The following description concerns the composition of retention nut  101  and related embodiments. The embodiments described below are exemplary and understood not to be limiting. 
     During computer manufacture and servicing, it is common for the microprocessor be unloaded and re-loaded multiple times, where retention nuts undergo numerous torque cycles. In some manufacturing lines, retention nuts may be tightened and untightened between 12 and 30 times. In addition to loading cycles during computer manufacture, repair or upgrade of the motherboard may cause end-users to replace the microprocessor more than one time. 
     As retaining nuts are generally made from steel alloys, load cycle demands can cause excessive wear of the retaining nuts. Flaking of metal particles result from the wear, which may cause risk of short circuits. Disclosed herein is a retention nut fastener comprising an injection-molded thermoplastic material that does not generate electrically conductive debris from wear as do metal nuts. In some embodiments, the thermoplastic material is glass-filled polyether ether ketone (PEEK) that comprises a glass fiber fill composition ranging between 15%-30%. The retention nut fastener of the present disclosure does not show signs of wear even when subjected to more than 1000 loading cycles. 
       FIG. 8A  illustrates an isometric view of retention nut  101 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 8A , retention nut  101  comprises barrel  310 , retaining flange  311  at the base of barrel  310 , threaded bore  312  extending through barrel  310  (described in greater detail below and shown in  FIGS. 8A, 8B and 9 ) and driver pattern  313  at the top of barrel  310 . In some embodiments, retention nut  101  or any other retention nut discussed herein comprises a thermoplastic such as, but not limited to, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyether ketone (PEK), polyether sulfones (PES), and polyphenylene sulfides (PPS). In some embodiments, retention nut  101  or any other retention nut discussed herein comprises fibrous-filled PEEK. In some embodiments, the fibrous fill material comprises glass fibers having a composition between 15% and 30% by weight in a PEEK matrix. In some embodiments, the glass fill material comprises glass fibers. In some embodiments, the fibrous fill material comprises carbon fibers in a PEEK matrix. 
     In some embodiments, barrel  310  of retention nut  101  has a cylindrical shape with cylindrical symmetry. In specific embodiments, barrel  310  has a straight wall (e.g., outer wall) extending from retaining flange  311  to driver pattern  313 . In some embodiments, barrel  310  has a length to diameter ratio of 1:1 or greater. Drive pattern  313  may be shaped to mate with various nut driving tools. As shown in  FIG. 8A , in some embodiments, drive pattern  313  is a six-pointed star pattern for receiving a star wrench. In other embodiments, drive pattern  313  is a hexagon for receiving an Allen wrench (hex key). In other embodiments, drive pattern  313  is a slot for receiving a slotted screw driver blade. In some embodiments, drive pattern  313  is a cross pattern for receiving a Phillips screw driver tip. 
       FIG. 8B  illustrates an isometric view of an example retention nut  801 , that is compatible with anti-tilt fastener assembly  100 , according to embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 8B , retention nut  801  comprises a head  802  and barrel  803  extending between head  802  and retaining flange  804 . Retention nut  801  may replace retention nut  101  in anti-tilt fastener assembly  100 . In some embodiments, retention nut  801  has a length to diameter ratio of 1:1 or greater. In some embodiments, retention nut  801  is dimensioned to fit within captivation sleeve  201  of anti-tilt fastener assembly  100 . Retaining flange  804  extends from barrel  803 . In some embodiments, retention nut  801  is substituted for retention nut  101  in anti-tilt fastener assembly  100 . In some embodiments, retention nut  801  comprises a thermoplastic and/or fill material(s) such as those described above for retention nut  101 . 
     In some embodiments, head  802  has a larger diameter than barrel  803 . In some embodiments, head  802  is recessed such that drive pattern  805  is substantially below top rim  806  of head  802 , is as shown in  FIG. 8B . The recessed level of drive pattern  805  may aid in prevention of a driver tip from slipping from head  802 . In other embodiments, drive pattern  805  is substantially planar with the top rim  806 . 
       FIG. 8C  illustrates an isometric view of an example retention nut  810  that is compatible with anti-tilt fastener assembly  100 , according to embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 8C , retention nut  810  comprises head  811  having hexagonal shape with hexagonal symmetry (e.g., having a hexagonal cross-sectional shape). Barrel  812  extends between head  811  and retaining flange  813 . In some embodiments, top surface  814  of head  811  comprises driver pattern  815 . Driver pattern  815  may receive a driver tip, such as a star wrench tip, Phillips head tip, square tip, etc. In some embodiments, head  811  comprises a hexagonal sidewall, as shown in  FIG. 8C , for receiving a box-end wrench or open-end wrench. In some embodiments, retention nut  810  comprises a thermoplastic and/or fill material(s) such as those described above for embodiment  101 . 
       FIG. 9A  illustrates a cross-sectional view of retention nut  101  to reveal details of threaded through-bore  312 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 9A , retention nut  101  comprises threaded through-bore  312  extending through barrel  310  along a central axis thereof, from stud entrance  901  to stud exit  902 , below drive pattern  313  within driver well  903 . In the illustrated embodiment, through-bore  312  is threaded from stud entrance  901  to stud exit  902 . Through-bore  312  may accept long studs as shown in  FIG. 3B . Retention nut  101  comprises retaining flange  311  to enable captivation within base  102  of anti-tilt fastener assembly  100 . Threaded bore  312  may be present within any retention nut discussed herein such as retention nut  801  or retention nut  810 . 
       FIG. 9B  illustrates a cross-sectional view of retention nut  101  having a blind bore, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 9B , retention nut  101 ′ comprises blind bore  312 ′, coaxial with barrel  310 . Blind bore  312 ′ extends partially from stud entrance  901 ′ and terminates within barrel  310 , not reaching through to driver well  903 . In some embodiments, retention nut  101 ′ is substantially similar to retention nut  101 , and may substitute for retention nut  101 . Blind bore  312 ′ may be present within any retention nut discussed herein such as retention nut  801  or retention nut  810 . 
       FIG. 10  illustrates a cross-sectional view of the exemplary structures of fill-fibers in a fiber filled PEEK body of retention nut  101 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 10 , a cross-sectional view of retention nut  101  is shown. In some embodiments, retention nut  101  is manufactured from an injection molded thermoplastic comprising a composition of fiber-filled PEEK. The inset in  FIG. 10  shows a magnified view of threads  1001  to reveal the microstructure of two types of fibers embedded in the PEEK matrix of retention nut  101 . Sub-surface fibers  1002  are embedded in the sub-surface region  1003  of threads  1001 , and in the sub-surface region  1004  of outer wall  1005  of barrel  310 . Bulk fibers  1006  are embedded in the interior bulk regions  1007  of barrel  310 . In the inset, sub-surface region  1003  is separated from bulk region  1007  by the dashed lines. In some embodiments, the sub-surface region  1003  extends from the surface up to 100 microns into the bulk regions  1007  within threads  1001  and outer wall  1005 . In some embodiments, sub-surface fibers  1002  have a different structure than bulk fibers  1006 . 
     Referring to the inset in  FIG. 10 , sub-surface fibers  1002  have a bent shape, possessing substantial curvature, according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, both ends of sub-surface fibers  1002  extend toward the bulk region  1007  from within sub-surface region  1003  of threads  1001 . In contrast, bulk fibers  1006  are substantially straight, according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, fibers  1002  and  1006  are glass fibers. In some embodiments, fibers  1002  and  1006  are carbon fibers. 
     In some embodiments, the curved shape of the subsurface fibers  1002  is a result of the injection molding process. Temperature gradients at the surface of the molded piece can create density gradients while the molten plastic is cooling. At the outer surface and sub-surface regions may cool before the bulk, densification of the melt can force fibers to migrate away from the surface and into the bulk. In some embodiments, the surface and sub-surface regions of injection molded threads  1001  may be have fewer fibers in comparison to bulk regions  1007 . 
     The temperature gradients experienced near the surface of injection molded thermoplastic pieces can cause fibers to bend. Surface tension in sub-surface regions  1002  may retain fibers while convection of the liquid thermoplastic tends to pull on the fibers, dragging the end portions toward the bulk, while the middle section of the fibers at the surface are held back from moving into the bulk. Short fibers may by completely held at the surface or immediately below the surface in the sub-surface region  1003  by surface tension. End portions of longer fibers may be pulled inward by convective forces during cooling of the melt, but middle portions held at the surface by surface tension as if caught in a tug-of-war by both forces. 
     Curvature of surface fibers  1002  may vary, according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, fibers  1002  have large curvature. In some embodiments, fibers  1002  have low curvatures. In some embodiments, the curvature of fibers  1002  scale with their length. In some embodiments, an average of the curvatures (e.g., any measure of scalar curvature) of fibers  1002  within sub-surface regions  1003 ,  1004  is greater than an average of the curvatures of fibers  1006 . Such an average of curvatures may be determined using any suitable technique or techniques such as sampling some fibers, determining their curvatures using any techniques, and averaging the curvatures of the sampled fibers to determine a representative curvature. In some embodiments, the curvatures may be determined as scalar values such as an inverse of the radius of a circle fit to the maximum curve of the fiber or a rate of change of a unit tangent vector for a particle moving at a unit speed along the fiber. Other techniques for measuring curvature are available. 
     Conventional manufacture of thermoplastic fasteners employs machining methods, such as cutting threads by lathe tooling. In contrast to the curved shape of sub-surface fibers  1002  in injection-molded retention nuts  101 , machined fiber-filled PEEK may produce sub-surface fibers that are substantially straight. Machined threads are cut from a bulk stock. Generally, the surface and sub-surface regions are cut away, and the bulk of stock material is worked. Bulk fibers  1006  are substantially straight. Cutting with a tool (such as a lathe shaping tool) is done in the bulk regions of a piece of stock material to form threads or other structure on the body of retention nut  101 . Surface and sub-surface regions of machined fiber-filled PEEK contain substantially straight fibers that may extend from the surface into the bulk regions. 
     Attention is now turned to description of microprocessor carrier  1000  comprising an integrated microprocessor release mechanism. The microprocessor release mechanism comprises a lever articulating on the frame of microprocessor carrier  1000 , and a wedge at an end of the lever extending into the interior of the microprocessor carrier. In a first embodiment, the lever rotates in a plane parallel to the microprocessor carrier. In a second embodiment, the lever rotates in a plane orthogonal to the microprocessor carrier. 
       FIG. 11  illustrates an isometric exploded view of a first embodiment of microprocessor carrier  1100  comprising a microprocessor release lever, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 11 , microprocessor carrier  1100  comprises frame  1101  and microprocessor release lever  1102 . Frame  1101  surrounds microprocessor receiving aperture  1103 . Microprocessor release lever  1102  comprises shaft  1104  and blade  1105 . In some embodiments, at least a portion of shaft  1104  has a circular cross-section. In some embodiments, microprocessor release lever  1102  comprises grip  1106 . In some embodiments, grip  1106  is substantially flat. It will be understood that in some embodiments, grip  1106  may have any suitable geometry. In some embodiments, sleeve  1107  comprises deformable split wall  1108  surrounding passage  1109  for receiving microprocessor release lever  1102 . In some embodiments, microprocessor release lever  1102  attaches to frame  1101  by insertion of shaft  1104  into passage  1109  through split wall  1108 , indicated by the dashed line. It will be understood that embodiments are not limited to the afore-mentioned description, and that other suitable structures are possible for attachment of shaft  1104  to frame  1101 . In some embodiments, passage  1109  is cylindrical, and has an axis that coincides with the axis of rotation of microprocessor release lever  1102 . In some embodiments, microprocessor release lever  1102  is to rotate in a plane that is substantially parallel to the x-z plane when actuated. In some embodiments, shaft  1104  is substantially parallel to edge  1110  of frame  1101  along the x-direction when microprocessor release lever  1102  is in a stowed position. 
     In some embodiments, shaft  1104  comprises lever portion  1112  curved in the x-y plane such that the blade end of shaft  1104  extends substantially in the y-direction, into the microprocessor receiving aperture  1103 . In some embodiments, lever portion  1112  has a cylindrical geometry with a circular cross-section. Lever portion  1112  passes through passage  1109  of sleeve  1107 . In some embodiments, lever portion  1112  has an axis that coincides with the axis of passage  1109 . In some embodiment, lever portion  1112  has an axis that coincides with the axis of rotation of microprocessor release lever  1102 . 
     In some embodiments, shaft  1104  comprises lever portion  1113  that extends from lever portion  1111  from a first end. Lever portion  1113  has a second end that is curved in the z-direction to extend below the axis of rotation of lever portion  1112  through notch  1114 . Blade  1105  extends from the second end of lever portion  1113  substantially in the y direction. In some embodiments, blade  1105  is substantially parallel to the x-y plane when microprocessor release lever  1102  is in the stowed position. 
     In some embodiments, tabs  1115  are substantially parallel to one another, and extend along edge  1110  and substantially orthogonal to frame  1101 . In some embodiments, microprocessor release lever  1102  extends between tabs  1115  when in the stowed position. In some embodiments, clip  1116  is adjacent to tabs  1115 . In some embodiments, clip  1116  comprises compliant prongs  1117  that flank gap  1118  centered on a line that is centered between tabs  1115 . Gap  1118  is to receive microprocessor release lever  1102  when in the stowed position. 
       FIG. 12A  illustrates an exploded isometric view of carrier/microprocessor assembly  1200 , comprising microprocessor carrier  1100  and microprocessor  1201  viewed from the land side, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In the exploded view of  FIG. 12A , microprocessor  1201  is shown aligned above microprocessor receiving aperture  1103  of microprocessor carrier  1100 , depicted from the top side. In some embodiments, the land side of microprocessor  1201  comprises a land grid array (LGA) of contact pads (not shown) that is to interface with contact pins of a microprocessor socket (e.g. microprocessor socket  1702  in  FIG. 17 ) when mounted. Mounting tabs  1207  extend below frame  1101  to engage with the mounting flange of a heatsink (e.g., heatsink  1202  in  FIG. 12A ) for mounting microprocessor carrier  1100 . 
     The packaging of microprocessor  1201  comprises edges  1202  that overhang integrated heat spreader (IHS) portion  1203 . Overhanging edges  1202  are received on the portions of frame  1201  adjacent to microprocessor receiving aperture  1203 . In some embodiments, microprocessor receiving aperture  1203  has an outline corresponding to the contours of IHS portion  1203  of microprocessor  1201 . IHS portion  1203  is shown in  FIG. 12B . In some embodiments, indents  1204  on overhanging edges  1202  engage snap tabs  1205  when microprocessor  1201  is seated. Alignment tabs  1106  engage with receiving structures on a microprocessor socket when microprocessor  1201  is mounted. 
     In some embodiments, microprocessor release lever  1102  extends along frame  1101  in a stowed position between grip  1106  and sleeve  1107 . In some embodiments, shaft  1104  is substantially parallel with frame  1101  in the stowed position, tucked between tabs  1115  and secured to microprocessor carrier by clip  1116 . Portion  1112  of shaft  1104  extends through sleeve  1107 . Sleeve  1107  is a hinge point within which shaft  1104  rotates. 
       FIG. 12B  illustrates an exploded isometric view of carrier/microprocessor assembly  1210  comprising microprocessor carrier  1200  and microprocessor  1201 , viewed from the die side, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In the exploded view of  FIG. 12B , carrier/microprocessor assembly  1200  is viewed from the bottom side, showing structural details of the die side of microprocessor package  1201  and microprocessor carrier  1200 . The outline of microprocessor receiving aperture  1103  substantially follows contours of IHS portion  1203 . Overhanging edges  1202  jut laterally from IHS  1203  and engage with snap tabs  1205 , as described above, to secure microprocessor package  1201  on microprocessor carrier  1200 . In some embodiments, IHS portion  1203  has a greater z-height than overhanging edges  1202 , extending above overhanging edges  1202  to snugly fit within microprocessor receiving aperture  1103  and align contact of overhanging edges  1203  with frame  1201 . 
     In some embodiments, blade  1105  is positioned under overhanging edge  1202  through notch  1114 . When microprocessor release lever  1102  ( FIG. 12A ) is pivoted, blade  1105  rotates between overhanging edge  1202  and the heatsink (e.g., heatsink  1202  in  FIG. 12B ) to which carrier/microprocessor assembly  1200  is attached. In some embodiments, the rotation of blade  1105  pries microprocessor  1201  from the heatsink, as described below. 
     Mounting tabs  1207  engage with a flange on the base of the heatsink to attach microprocessor assembly  1200  to the heatsink (see  FIG. 13A ). When mounted on the heatsink, carrier/microprocessor assembly  1200  is to be carried by the heatsink (e.g., heatsink  1202  in  FIG. 12A ) to mount over a loading mechanism (e.g., loading mechanism  1600  in  FIG. 17 ) mounted on a PCB substrate. 
       FIG. 12C  illustrates an isometric view of carrier/microprocessor assembly  1200 , comprising microprocessor carrier  1200  and microprocessor  1201 , viewed from the die side, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 12C , carrier/microprocessor assembly  1200  is shown in the assembled state and viewed from the bottom side, according to some embodiments. IHS portion  1203  on the land side of microprocessor package  1201  is seated within microprocessor receiving aperture  1103  and extends therethrough. In some embodiments, IHS portion  1203  is substantially planar with frame  1101  of microprocessor carrier  1100 . 
     In some embodiments, blade  1105  is positioned over overhanging edge  1202  within notch  1114 . A difference between the z-heights of the die side of overhanging edge  1202  and the die side surface of frame  1101  presents a vertical gap (in the z-direction) in which blade  1105  rotates. In some embodiments, blade  1105  has a width (in the x-direction of the figure) that is larger than the z-height difference between frame  1101  and overhanging edge  1202 . When rotated, opposing edges of blade  1105  abut the surfaces of both overhanging edge  1202  and the bottom surface of the flange of the heatsink, as described in greater detail below. 
       FIGS. 13A-13B  illustrate operations of a method of using microprocessor carrier  1300 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In the operation of  FIG. 13A , microprocessor/heatsink assembly  1300  is unmounted from a computer motherboard in a previous operation (not shown). Microprocessor/heatsink assembly  1300  comprises carrier/microprocessor assembly  1300  mounted on flange  1301  of heatsink  1302 . The view is from the land side. In some embodiments, mounting tabs  1207  are engaged over the edge of mounting flange  1301  to secure carrier/microprocessor assembly  1200  to heatsink  1302 . Frame  1101  is interfaced with flange  1301 . In some embodiments, a heat transfer surface such as a cold plate (not shown) is substantially planar with the bottom surface  1303  of flange  1301 . In some embodiments, the heat transfer surface extends a small distance above flange  1301 . A cold plate or other form of heat transfer surface is generally interfaced with the IHS of a microprocessor (e.g., IHS portion  1203  of microprocessor package  1201  in  FIG. 12C ). 
     In some embodiments, a thin layer of thermal interface material (TIM) is interposed between bottom surface  1303  and IHS portion  1203  (see description below related to  FIG. 14B ). As described earlier, the TIM is generally a thermally conductive paste that is applied before mounting of carrier/microprocessor assembly  1300  to heatsink  1302 . The TIM may cause some adhesion between heatsink  1302  and microprocessor  1301  due to surface tension, making separation of microprocessor package  1201  difficult. A tool is generally required to separate the microprocessor from the heatsink. 
     In the operation of  FIG. 13A , heatsink/microprocessor assembly  1300  has been unmounted in an earlier operation by untightening retention nuts  1304  from mounting studs (e.g., mounting studs  1603  on bolster plate  1601  in  FIG. 16A ), then inverted to access carrier/microprocessor assembly  1200 . Microprocessor release lever  1102  is in the stowed position, and according to some embodiments, and is substantially parallel to frame  1101 . Shaft  1104  is retained between tabs  1115 . In some embodiments, tabs  1115  are spaced apart by a distance that is substantially the diameter of shaft  1104 . Tabs  1115  may provide a friction fit about shaft  1104  to restrict inadvertent pivoting or lateral movement of microprocessor release lever  1102  when not in use. In some embodiments, microprocessor release lever  1102  is secured to frame  1101  by clip  1116 . Grip  1106  provides a finger placement for actuation of microprocessor release lever  1102 . 
     In some embodiments, microprocessor package  1201  is elevated a height h 1  relative to frame  1101  so that microprocessor release lever  1102  does not encumber seating of microprocessor package  1201  in a microprocessor socket during mounting. 
     In the operation of  FIG. 13B , microprocessor release lever  1302  is pivoted in sleeve  1107  in a counterclockwise direction in the x-z plane of the figure, as indicated by the curved dashed arrow extending from grip  1106 . The actuation turns curved portion  1113  of shaft  1104 , translating blade  1105  in the x-direction. Blade  1105  simultaneously rotates to abut opposing edges against overhanging edge  1202  of microprocessor  1201  and flange  1301 . In some embodiments, blade  1105  has a width extending in the x-direction that is greater than the distance between flange  1301  and overhanging edge  1202 . In some embodiments, sufficient driving force is provided by rotation of blade  1105  to overcome surface tension forces due to the TIM layer, separating microprocessor package  1201  from bottom surface  1303  of flange  1301 . Driving force is provided by the torque from microprocessor release lever  1102 . A mechanical advantage is realized by the ratio of the lengths of shaft  1104  and the component of curved portion  1113  that is orthogonal to shaft  1104 . 
       FIG. 14A  illustrates a plan view of microprocessor carrier  1400  comprising laterally articulating microprocessor release lever  1403 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 14A , microprocessor carrier  1400  is viewed from the bottom side. Microprocessor carrier  1400  comprises frame  1401  surrounding microprocessor receiving aperture  1402 . In some embodiments, the specific outline of microprocessor receiving aperture  1402  varies according to the contours of the IHS of a microprocessor type or family for which microprocessor carrier  1400  is intended. 
     Laterally-articulating microprocessor release lever  1403  is coupled to hinge point  1404  that is affixed to frame  1401 . In some embodiments, hinge point  1404  is an axle that extends orthogonally to frame  1401 , and about which microprocessor release lever  1402  rotates. In some embodiments, hinge point  1404  is a post or axle that is integral with microprocessor release lever  1403 . In some embodiments, microprocessor release lever  1403  is a molded piece that comprises hinge point  1404  as a fixed post or axle that fits in a receiving structure on frame  1401  and articulates within the receiving structure. In some embodiments, hinge point is a fixed axle that is integral with frame  1401 , and about which microprocessor release lever  1403  articulates. In the illustrated embodiment, microprocessor release lever  1403  is in a stowed position, where lever shaft  1405  extends substantially along edge  1406  of frame  1401 . 
     In some embodiments, microprocessor release lever  1403  comprises wedge  1407  on an end of lever shaft  1405  such that wedge  1407  extends into microprocessor receiving aperture  1402 . In some embodiments, wedge  1407  is wide in the x and y directions relative to its z-dimension (see  FIGS. 14B and 14C ). In some embodiments, wedge  1407  has a tapered working edge  1408 . The action of wedge  1407  is described below (e.g., see description for  FIG. 14B ). 
       FIG. 14B  illustrates a plan view of microprocessor release lever  1403  separate from microprocessor carrier  1400 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 14B , microprocessor release lever  1403  is shown separately from microprocessor carrier  1400  in a plan view to illustrate structural details. In the illustrated embodiment, shank  1405  comprises tapered non-collinear portions that gradually increase in width from handle end  1409  to pivot point  1410 . The taper increases toward wedge  1407  to restrict bending of shank  1405  due to applied torque when actuated. 
     Wedge  1407  extends laterally (in the y-direction) from the end of shank  1405  to engage a working edge (e.g., edge  1408 ) of wedge  1407  with a microprocessor/heatsink interface when microprocessor release lever is pivoted (e.g., see  FIG. 15B ). In some embodiments, wedge  1407  has a width in the x-direction sufficient to suppress deflection when engaged with a microprocessor/heatsink interface. Pivot point  1410  divides shank  1405  into two legs. A first leg extends a first distance between pivot  1410  and working edge  1408  and a second leg extends a second distance between pivot  1410  and handle end  1407 . The ratio of the first distance to the second distance is proportional to the mechanical advantage of microprocessor release lever  1403 . 
       FIG. 14C  illustrates a profile view of microprocessor release lever  1403  separate from microprocessor carrier  1400 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 14C , microprocessor release lever  1403  is shown in a profile view. Handle  1411  extends as a tab or flap in the z-direction from handle end  1409 . In some embodiments, handle  1411  is a finger grip to enable manual activation of microprocessor release lever  1403 . Distances d 1  and d 2  correspond to first and second lengths, respectively, of shank  1405 . Distances d 1  and d 2  may be adjusted in some embodiments to optimize the mechanical advantage afforded by microprocessor release lever  1403  for minimizing the force necessary to apply to handle  1411  in order to effectuate unmounting of a microprocessor. In some embodiments, working edge  1408  is tapered to a knife edge to magnify the force applied by wedge  1407  at a microprocessor/heatsink interface. 
       FIG. 15A-15B  illustrate operations of a method of using microprocessor carrier  1500  to release microprocessor  1501  from a heatsink, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In the operation shown in  FIG. 15A , an oblique view of microprocessor mounting assembly  1500  is shown. In a previous operation, carrier/microprocessor assembly  1500  has been removed from a computer motherboard (not shown) and inverted to expose the land side of microprocessor package  1501 . In some embodiments, microprocessor package  1501  extends through microprocessor receiving aperture  1402  in the z-direction. In some embodiments, the land side of microprocessor package  1501  is elevated above frame  1401  by a distance h 2  such that microprocessor release lever  1403  does not encumber seating of microprocessor package  1501  within a microprocessor socket when mounted. 
     In  FIG. 15A , microprocessor release lever  1403  is shown in a stowed position. In some embodiments, shank  1405  is substantially confined over frame  1401 . In some embodiments, at least a portion of shank  1405  is substantially parallel to edge  1403  of frame  1401 . In some embodiments, handle  1411  is a tab or flap that extends in the z-direction from shank  1405  to perform as a finger grip. Handle  1411  facilitates manual actuation of microprocessor release lever  1403  by gripping handle  1411  with fingers and applying a lateral (e.g., in they direction) initial force to rotate microprocessor release lever  1403 . In some embodiments, actuation of microprocessor release lever  1403  is applied by a mechanical device. 
     In some embodiments, microprocessor release lever  1403  pivots about post  1504 . In some embodiments, post  1504  is integral with shank  1405 , and is attached to frame  1401  in such a way that post  1504  is restricted from translation in the x, y and z directions, but is able to rotate. In some embodiments, post  1504  is a rivet that extends through frame  1401 . In some embodiments, post  1504  is integral with frame  1401 . In some embodiments, post  1504  is an axle about which microprocessor release lever  1403  pivots. Post  1504  may serve as an anchor for microprocessor release lever  1403  to frame  1401 . In some embodiments, wedge  1407  is positioned under overhanging edge  1502  of microprocessor package  1501  when microprocessor release lever  1403  is in the stowed position. 
     In the operation shown in  FIG. 15B , microprocessor release lever  1403  is pivoted clockwise in the x-y plane of the figure, as indicated by the curved dashed arrow. In some embodiments, the action forces wedge  1407  to abut microprocessor package  1501  at the level of the IHS/heatsink interface. The inset shows a cross-sectional view (y-z plane) of working edge  1408  of wedge  1407  abutting the interface between IHS  1505  and cold plate  1506  of a heatsink (see inset) on which microprocessor package  1501  is mounted. TIM  1507  is a layer between IHS  1505  and cold plate  1506 . In some embodiments, IHS  1505  has a beveled edge to facilitate insertion of working edge  1408  between IHS  1505  and cold plate  1506 . The force F 2  generated by the torque r applied to microprocessor release lever  1403  as a result of force F 1  applied on handle  1411 . Microprocessor release lever  1403  is caused to pivot about post  1504 . 
     F 2  is applied to wedge  1407  is indicated by the horizontal arrow in the inset. The dashed arrow in the inset indicates that microprocessor package  1501  is released from cold plate  1506  as a result of breaking of surface tension due to TIM layer  1507  by force F 2  applied to wedge  1507 . TIM-related surface tension may cause IHS  1505  to adhere to cold plate  1506 . The dashed arrows that appear over the corners of overhanging edge  1502  indicate the lifting and release of microprocessor  1501  as a result of the pivoting of microprocessor release lever  1403 . 
     An example of the mechanical advantage afforded by microprocessor release lever is that with a mechanical advantage (ratio of d 1  and d 2 , see  FIG. 14C ) of 5:1, a force F 1  of 8 lbf applied to handle  1411  generates a force F 2  of 40 lbf on wedge  1407 . 
     Attention is now turned to description of microprocessor loading mechanism  1600 . A microprocessor loading mechanism facilitates the mounting of a microprocessor on a computer motherboard or other printed circuit board (PCB). Microprocessor loading mechanisms may comprise a retention plate that is attached to a computer motherboard for a desktop machine or server, or any other microprocessor-hosting PCB. Typically, the retention plate surrounds a microprocessor socket designed for land grid array microprocessors. The retention plate may comprise mounting studs for mounting the heatsink. 
     In some embodiments, a microprocessor loading mechanism comprises load springs to which the mounting studs are attached. As the load force generated by the load springs is substantially a function of the displacement of the springs, the load springs soften the load on the microprocessor by reducing the load stiffness (spring constant) and stabilizing the load. 
       FIG. 16A  illustrates an exploded isometric view of loading mechanism  1600 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 16A , loading mechanism  1600  comprises bolster plate  1601 , torsion springs  1602  coupled to bolster plate  1601 , mounting studs  1603  coupled to torsion springs  1602 . In some embodiments, torsion springs  1602  comprise a single wire. In some embodiments, torsion springs  1602  comprise a torsion bar. In some embodiments, torsion springs  1602  comprise first end  1604 , elongate shaft  1605  extending from first end  1604  and terminating at second end  1606 . In some embodiments, second end  1606  is bent at an angle to elongate shaft  1605 . In some embodiments, second end  1606  has a U-shape or hook-shape, comprising curved section  1607  extending from shaft  1605 , and stub  1608  extending from curved section  1607  and adjacent to shaft  1605 . In some embodiments, the U-shape of second end  1606  gives torsion springs  1602  a J-shape overall. Stub  1608  inserts into opening  1609  at the base of mounting stud  1603 , coupling mounting stud  1603  to torsion spring  1602 . 
     In some embodiments, torsion springs  1602  comprise steel wire or steel bar. In some embodiments, torsion springs  1602  comprise music wire (yield strength 2000 MPa or greater). In some embodiments, torsion springs  1602  comprise 301 stainless steel (yield strength 1600 MPa or greater). By contrast, sheet or leaf spring made from stainless steel sheet metal have yield strengths that range from 250 to 760 Mpa). 
     In some embodiments, first end  1604  is bent at substantially a right angle with respect to shaft  1605 . First end  1604  comprises elbow  1610  extending from shaft  1605  and bent substantially at a right angle therefrom, according to some embodiments. Stub  1611  extends from elbow  1610  at substantially a right angle from shaft  1605 . In some embodiments, stub  1611  is hooked by notch  1612  in vertical tab  1613 , anchoring torsion spring  1602  to bolster plate  1601  approximately midway between edges  1618  and  1619 . In some embodiments, torsion springs  1602  extend along vertical flanges  1620  of bolster plate  1601 . In some embodiments, torsion spring  1602  is retained under tab  1614 , which is bent over shaft  1605  near second end  1606  to restrict lateral (x- and y-directions) and vertical (z-direction) motion of shaft  1605 . 
     In some embodiments, U-shaped second end  1606  of torsion spring  1602  is rotated at an angle relative to the plane formed by first end  1604  and shaft  1605 . The twisted configuration of torsion spring  1602  introduces a load bias into torsion spring  1602 . An applied torsion is created in shaft  1605  by pulling vertically (upwards in the z-direction) on mounting stud  1603  that is coupled to second end  1606 , rotating second end  1606  towards the plane of torsion spring  1602 . Reactive torque developed in shaft  1605  resists the applied torsion, creating a vertical downward force on mounting studs  1603 , which grows as the angle between first end  1604  and second end  1606  shrinks. 
     Bolster plate  1601  comprises aperture  1615  to receive a microprocessor socket when loading mechanism  1600  is installed on a PCB (e.g., PCB  1701  in  FIG. 17 ). In some embodiments, the microprocessor socket (e.g., socket  1702  in  FIG. 17 ) is coupled to the PCB independent of bolster plate  1601 . In some embodiments, back plate  1616  is mounted on the PCB under bolster plate  1601 . In some embodiments, back plate  1616  provides a stiff structure to receive mounting screws fastening bolster plate  1601  to a PCB. 
       FIG. 16B  illustrates a plan view in the x-y plane of loading mechanism  1600 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     The plan view of  FIG. 16B  shows U-shaped second ends  1606  of torsion springs  1602  coupled to the four mounting studs  1603  positioned over the four corners of bolster plate  1601 . In some embodiments, first ends  1604  of torsion springs  1602  extend outwardly from vertical tabs  1613 , extending at substantially right angles from shafts  1605 . In some embodiments, shafts  1605  are substantially parallel to edges  1622  and  1623  of bolster plate  1601  adjacent to vertical flanges  1620 . In some embodiments, torsion springs  1602  extend from first ends  1604  to second ends  1606 , crossing under flaps  1614 . In some embodiments, second ends  1606  curve 180° as shafts  1605  emerge from flaps  1614 , forming U-shaped extensions from shafts  1605 . Terminal stubs  1608  couple to mounting studs  1603 . 
     In some embodiments, bolster plate  1601  comprises microprocessor socket receiving aperture  1615 . In some embodiments, the area covered by receiving aperture  1615  is a substantial portion of the total area covered by bolster plate  1601 . When torsion springs  1602  are under load, narrow portions of bolster plate  1601  (e.g., between edges  1622  and  1623  and edges of microprocessor receiving aperture  1615 ) may be subjected to tensile stress, causing bolster plate  1601  to buckle. In some embodiments, vertical flanges  1620  reinforce bolster plate  1601 , preventing it from buckling under tension from torsion springs  1602  under load. 
       FIG. 16C  illustrates a profile view in the x-z plane of loading mechanism  1600 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     The profile view of loading mechanism  1600  shows second ends  1606  of torsion springs  1602  rotated relative to the plane of bolster plate  1601 . In  FIG. 16C , the plane of bolster plate  1601  is oriented to be parallel to the x-y plane of the figure. The inset shows a magnified view of a second end  1606  rotated an angle α relative to bolster plate  1601 . In some embodiments, angle α is a torsional angle that is proportional to a load bias in torsion springs  1602 . In some embodiments, the load bias is created during manufacture of torsion springs  1602 , where second end  1606  is twisted relative to first end (e.g., first end  1604  in  FIGS. 16A and 16B ). 
     In some embodiments, second ends  1606  loop back below the plane of the figure to insert into openings  1621  in the bases of mounting studs  1603 , which are below the plane of the figure behind edge  1621  (also shown in  FIG. 16A ), coupling torsion springs  1602  to mounting studs  1603 . In some embodiments, stubs  1608  are press-fit into openings  1621  at the base of mounting studs  1603 . In some embodiments, stubs  1608  are secured to bases of mounting studs  1603  by set screws. In some embodiments, stubs  1608  are welded to mounting studs  1603 . In some embodiments, mounting studs  1603  are suspended over bolster plate  1601  by torsion springs  1602 . 
       FIG. 17  illustrates an oblique view of loading mechanism  1600  mounted on a PCB, and microprocessor/heatsink module  1700 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 17 , loading mechanism  1600  is mounted on PCB substrate  1701 . In some embodiments, PCB substrate  1701  is a computer motherboard. Loading mechanism  1600  comprises bolster plate  1601  that may be fastened to PCB substrate  1701 . In some embodiments, a backing plate (e.g., backing plate  1616  in  FIG. 16A ) is positioned below bolster plate  1601  to mitigate strain on PCB substrate  1701  when bolster plate  1601  is fastened to the substrate. 
     In some embodiments, bolster plate  1601  comprises microprocessor receiving aperture  1615 . Microprocessor socket  1702  is seated within microprocessor receiving aperture  1615 . In some embodiments, microprocessor socket  1701  is surface-mounted (SMT soldered) on PCB  1701 . 
     Microprocessor/heatsink module  1700  comprises heatsink  1703  having retention nuts  1704  mounted on mounting flange  1705  over opposing bolt passage holes (e.g., bolt passage holes  309  in  FIG. 4B ) on opposite corners of mounting flange  1705 . Retention nut  1704  may be any of retention nuts  100 ,  801  or  810  described earlier in the disclosure, but by no means is restricted to these choices. Retention nut  1704  may be any suitable type. In some embodiments, two or more anti-tilt fastener assemblies  100  are mounted over bolt passage holes on opposite corners of mounting flange  1705 . Microprocessor/heatsink module  1700  is mounted on loading mechanism  1600  by passage of mounting studs  1603  through bolt passage holes and engaging with fasteners  100  and nuts  1704 . 
     In some embodiments, a microprocessor/heatsink module  1700  comprises a microprocessor carrier (e.g., microprocessor carrier  1100  shown in  FIG. 11 ) attached on the bottom side of heatsink  1703  by hooking onto mounting flange  1705  with mounting tabs  1207 , as described earlier for  FIG. 12B . A microprocessor package (e.g., microprocessor package  1201  in  FIG. 12B ) is secured in microprocessor carrier  1100 . In some embodiments, the microprocessor package comprises an integrated heat spreader (IHS) on the die side surface. In some embodiments, the IHS is thermally interfaced with a heat transfer surface embedded in the baseplate of heatsink  1703  (e.g., bottom surface  1303  of mounting flange  1301  shown earlier in  FIGS. 13A and 13B ; cold plate  1506  in  FIG. 15B ). In some embodiments, mounting flange  1705  is on the periphery of the baseplate. 
     In some embodiments, generation of the load on the microprocessor package is created by torquing retention nuts down on flange  1705 , pulling mounting studs  1603  upward (in the z-direction) and creating elastic torsion in torsion springs  1602 . This action is shown below (see  FIGS. 18A &amp; 18B  and related description). 
       FIG. 18A  illustrates a cross-sectional view of microprocessor/heatsink module  1700  installed on loading mechanism  1600  in a pre-load state, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 18A , microprocessor/heatsink module  1700  is installed on loading mechanism  1600  in a pre-loaded state. Loading mechanism  1600  is fastened to PCB substrate  1701 . In some embodiments, microprocessor/heatsink module  1700  comprises anti-tilt fastener assembly  100  inserted over bolt passage hole  1801  (details of anti-tilt fastener assembly  100  are described earlier in the disclosure; e.g., see  FIG. 1 ). The cross-sectional view shows details of anti-tilt fastener assembly  100  comprising retention nut  101 , as well as the details of mounting flange  1705 . The cross-sectional views show mounting stud  1603  engaged with anti-tilt fastener assembly  100 . Shown in the cross-sectional view is the vertical position of mounting stud  1603  relative to bolster plate  1601 . In  FIG. 18A , a pre-loaded state is illustrated, where retention nut  101  has not yet been engaged with threads on mounting stud  1603 . 
     Mounting stud  1603  is passed through bolt passage hole  1801  on flange  1705  when microprocessor/heatsink module  1700  is first installed on loading mechanism  1600 . Mounting stud  1603  abuts retention nut  101  and enters threaded bore  312 . In some embodiments, mounting stud  1603  comprises tip  1802 . In some embodiments, tip  1802  is not threaded, and has a smaller diameter than the threaded portion of mounting stud  1603 . Tip  1802  may aid mounting stud  1603  in locating the entrance to bore  312 . Tip  1802  penetrates into bore  312  and in some embodiments remains near the entrance of bore  312 . Threads in bore  312  are not engaged with mounting stud  1603  until tightening of retention nut  101  begins. In some embodiments, tip  1802  prevents inadvertent engagement of retention nut  101  with mounting stud  1603 . This action enables alignment of microprocessor/heatsink module  1700  relative to microprocessor socket  1803  before load is applied by tightening retention nut  101 . 
     In some embodiments, second end  1606  of the torsion spring  1602  (extending below the plane of the figure) is substantially parallel to bolster plate  1601 . In this state, the torsion spring is not pre-loaded. In some embodiments, pre-loading by twisting the torsion spring  1602  creates a load bias for mounting stud  1603 . Second end  1606  is rotated downward, and mounting stud  1603  is vertically displaced downward toward bolster plate  1601 , reducing the overall z-height of loading mechanism. 
       FIG. 18B  illustrates a profile view of microprocessor/heatsink module  1700  installed on loading mechanism  1600  in a load state, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 18B  retention nut  101  is engaged with threads of mounting stud  1603  and tightened down on flange  1705 . The torquing of retention nut  101  on flange  1705  pulls mounting stud  1603  upwards vertically. By tightening retention nut  101 , mounting flange  1705  is loaded by the torsion spring. Second end  1606  rotates upward (clockwise in the figure) by an angle α. Mounting stud is pulled upward (in the z-direction) a distance h 2 , which is proportional to sin a. Angle α is equivalent to the torsion angle in the torsion spring (e.g., torsion spring  1602 ). Reactive torque in the torsion spring is proportional to torsion angle α. The reactive torque imposes a downward force (vertical load) on flange  1705  transmitted through mounting stud  1603 . The torsion angle of a torsion spring is analogous to linear displacement in springs having bending elements, such as a coil spring, a leaf spring or a cantilever spring. 
     The torque required to twist the torsion spring by rotation of second end  1606  is proportional to the torque applied to retention nut  101  to tighten it over flange  1705 . Upward rotation of second end  1606  generates a reactive torque that resists the rotation. The reactive torque pulls back on mounting stud  1603 , increasing the load on microprocessor/heatsink module  1700 . The greater is angle α due to the torque applied to retention nut  101  (tightening force), the larger the torsional force required to rotate second end  1606  and the greater the loading on flange  1705 . The generated load is the vertical component of the torsional force. In some embodiments, loads between 150 lbf and 400 lbf are generated by torsion springs  1606  made from 2.5 mm diameter steel piano wire. Corresponding tightening torque on retention nut  1803  may range from 4 to 16 in-lb. 
       FIG. 19  illustrates flow chart  1900  for a method of using a loading mechanism having torsion springs, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     At operation  1910 , the method begins by assembling a workpiece that comprises a microprocessor/heatsink module installed on a loading mechanism comprising torsion springs (e.g., module  1700  and loading mechanism  1600  in  FIG. 17 ). The loading mechanism (e.g.,  1600 ) is coupled to a PCB. In some embodiments, the PCB is a computer motherboard. 
     The loading mechanism comprises a bolster plate (e.g.,  1601  in  FIG. 16A ) that is the base of the loading mechanism. In some embodiments, the bolster plate is bolted to the PCB. In some embodiments, the bolster plate comprises an aperture that fits around a microprocess socket (e.g., socket  1702  in  FIG. 17 ), which is coupled to the PCB. In some embodiments, the microprocessor socket is surface mounted on the PCB, and is not mechanically coupled to the bolster plate. 
     The bolster plate comprises mounting studs that extend substantially orthogonal (vertically) to the bolster plate. In some embodiments, the bolster plate comprises elongate torsion springs (e.g.,  1602  in  FIG. 16A ) that are anchored to the bolster plate at a first end and coupled to the mounting studs at a second end. In some embodiments, the mounting studs are suspended over the bolster plate by the torsion springs. In some embodiments, the torsion springs are pre-loaded where the torsion springs have a built-in torsion (twist) as received with the bolster plate. The pre-loading introduces a load bias in the torsion springs. 
     The microprocessor/heatsink module (e.g.,  1700 ) comprises a heatsink having a baseplate. In some embodiments, a mounting flange extends along the periphery of the baseplate. In some embodiments, the microprocessor carrier is attached to the bottom of the baseplate. In some embodiments, the baseplate comprises a heat transfer surface. In some embodiments, the heat transfer surface is a cold plate. A microprocessor package, having an integrated heat spreader (IHS) on the die side surface, is mounted such that the IHS is interfaced to the heatsink baseplate. 
     The microprocessor/heatsink module is lowered over the loading mechanism such that the mounting studs on the loading mechanism are passed through the bolt passage holes on the mounting flange of the heatsink (e.g., see  FIG. 17 ). In some embodiments, anti-tilt fastener assemblies (e.g., anti-tilt fastener assembly  100  in  FIG. 17 ) are attached to the mounting flange of the heatsink. In some embodiments, the anti-tilt fastener assemblies comprise a base and a retention nut captivated in the base. In some embodiments, the anti-tilt fastener base is inserted over the bolt passage holes. 
     At operation  1920 , the mounting stud abuts the retaining nut of the anti-tilt fastener when the microprocessor/heatsink module is installed over the bolster plate of the loading mechanism. In some embodiments, the mounting stud comprises a tip that has entered within the threaded bore of the retention nut. The nut (e.g., retention nut  101 ) is engaged on the mounting stud by engaging the threads in preparation for tightening down over the mounting flange. A torque wrench may be employed to begin torquing the nut down over the mounting flange of the heatsink. The torque wrench provides a measure of the torque applied to the nut to enable uniform loading. 
     At operation  1930 , torque is applied to the nut as the nut is driven onto the mounting flange of the heatsink. This action couples the heatsink to the torsion springs. As torque is applied on the nut, the mounting stud is pulled upward, rotating the attached torsion spring upward (e.g., the process illustrated in  FIGS. 18A and 18B ). Raising the mounting stud by applying torque to the nut and tightening it over the mounting flange increases torsion in the torsion springs, as described earlier. The reaction of the torsion springs is transferred to the mounting flange as a vertical load (downward force), which increases with increasing torsion as torque on the nut increases. 
     The vertical load on the heatsink is in turn distributed over the microprocessor, compressing it against the microprocessor socket. In some embodiments, loads up to 400 lbf are generated by the torsion springs. The high load may be necessary to ensure that all lands on the microprocessor package are solidly contacted to corresponding pins of the microprocessor socket. As the number of contacts increases, greater loading may be necessary. By way of example, a load of approximately 350 lbf is necessary to sufficiently load a microprocessor package having approximately 4200 contacts. 
     Attention is now shifted to microprocessor carrier  2000  comprising hinge and latch assemblies enabling a single solution for automatic microprocessor alignment during installation, and automatic tilt control and microprocessor removal during unmounting. Microprocessor carrier  2000  mounts onto a loading mechanism and is similar to loading mechanism  1600  and is latched thereto. A method of use is also disclosed that describes installation of an assembly comprising a microprocess package and microprocessor carrier  2000 . The disclosed method contrasts more conventional mounting of a carrier/microprocessor assembly on a heatsink. 
       FIG. 20  illustrates an isometric view of microprocessor carrier  2000 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 20 , microprocessor carrier  2000  comprises multiple components that are assembled into the embodiments described in the disclosure. A representative embodiment  2000  is shown in the fully assembled state. The isometric view shows most of the components of microprocessor carrier  2000 , however some components are hidden. All components are shown in the exploded view of  FIG. 21 . 
     Microprocessor carrier  2000  is to receive a microprocessor package and attach to a CPU loading mechanism (described below), for direct installation of the microprocessor package onto a CPU socket prior to heatsink installation. Microprocessor carrier  2000  comprises frame  2001 , hinge assembly  2002  extending outwardly from an edge of frame  2001 , and latch assembly  2003  extending outwardly from an opposing edge of frame  2001 . An embodiment of a bolster plate (e.g.,  2200  in  FIG. 22A ) that is adapted to receive microprocessor carrier  2000  is described below. In some embodiments, frame  2001  comprises sheet metal having a composition that comprises any suitable steel alloy. Hinge assembly  2002  and latch assembly  2003  are to engage corresponding receiving structures on the bolster plate embodiment that is described below. 
     The isometric view in  FIG. 20  shows frame  2001  surrounding microprocessor receiving aperture  2004 . In some embodiments, frame  2001  is rectangular. Hinge assembly  2003  extends outwardly from one edge of frame  2001 . In some embodiments, hinge assembly  2003  comprises hinge platform  2005  that extends from the left edge of frame  2001  as oriented in the figure (in the y-direction of the figure). In some embodiments, hinge platform  2005  is integral with frame  2001 , and substantially parallel thereto. Curved tabs  2006  extend outwardly from hinge platform  2005 . Hinge assembly  2003  further comprises clip  2007 , which is attached over hinge platform  2005 . In some embodiments, curved tabs  2006  extend downwardly at an angle from hinge platform  2005 , and outer edges bent upwards to create the curved profile of curved tabs  2006 . In some embodiments, clip  2007  is bonded to hinge platform  2005  by any one of rivets, screws or welds. In some embodiments, clip  2007  comprises a raised edge flap  2008  that overhangs curved tabs  2006 , forming a split barrel  2009  to receive a hinge pin, as described below. In some embodiments, curved tabs  2006  and edge flap  2008  function together as a claw that clamps to a hinge receiving structure on a bolster plate ( 2200  in  FIG. 22A ). In some embodiments described in greater detail below, a hinge rail ( 2202 ,  FIG. 22A ) engages split barrel  2009  through gap  2010 . 
     Latch mechanism assembly  2003  extends outwardly from the right edge of frame  2001  as oriented in the figure. Latch mechanism assembly  2003  comprises slide cover  2011 , spring  2012  and finger tab  2013 . In some embodiments, spring  2012  extends between slide cover  2011  and finger tab  2012 . Latch mechanism assembly  2003  comprises more structural features that are hidden by slide cover  2011 , which are shown in the exploded view in  FIG. 21  and are now described in the following paragraphs. 
     In some embodiments, frame  2001 , hinge platform  2005  and finger tab  2013  (extending from latch platform  2104  in  FIG. 21 ) are constructed from steel sheet metal. In some embodiments, the sheet metal comprises stainless steel (e.g., 301 stainless steel). In some embodiments, frame  2001 , hinge platform  2005  and latch platform (e.g., latch platform  2104  in  FIG. 21 ) are stamped as a contiguous unit from a unitary piece of sheet metal. 
     Extending below (in the z-direction) the corners of frame  2001  are mid-alignment tabs  2014 . As described below, mid-alignment tabs  2014  aid in guiding a microprocessor package that is attached to microprocessor carrier  2000  to properly seat in a microprocessor socket. Microprocessor capture tabs  2015  extend below frame  2001  at approximately mid-distance between corners. In some embodiments, microprocessor capture tabs  2015  mate with mounting features a microprocessor package to attach to microprocessor carrier  2000 . 
     In some embodiments, mid-alignment tabs  2014  and microprocessor capture tabs  2015  comprise a compliant polymeric material. Materials such as, but not limited to, high density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamides (e.g., Nylon), polyvinylchloride (PVC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polyurethanes. In some embodiments, mid-alignment tabs  2013  and microprocessor capture tabs  2014  are molded on a single carrier strip that is bonded to frame  2001 , as described below. 
       FIG. 21  illustrates an exploded isometric view of microprocessor carrier  2000 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 21 , microprocessor carrier  2000  is broken out into separate components in the exploded view. Hinge platform  2005  extends outwardly from edge  2101  of frame  2001 . In some embodiments hinge platform  2005  is integral with frame  2001  and substantially parallel thereto. Latch platform  2102  extends outwardly from opposing edge  2103  of frame  2001 . In some embodiments, latch platform is integral with frame  2001  and substantially parallel thereto. In some embodiments, finger tab  2013  extends orthogonally from an edge of latch platform  2102 . 
     Clip  2007  is a separate piece of hinge assembly  2002  that is assembled onto hinge platform  2005 . Clip  2007  comprises edge flap  2008 , which overhangs curved tabs  2006  to form split hinge barrel  2009  (shown in  FIG. 20 ). Clip  2007  may be attached to hinge platform  2005  by use of rivets, screws or welds. Clip  2007  is stamped from sheet metal. In some embodiments, clip  2007  comprises one of carbon steel alloys or stainless steel alloys. 
     Latch assembly  2003  comprises slider cover  2011 , slider  2104  and rivet  2105  as separate pieces that are assembled onto latch platform  2102 . Slider cover  2011  and slider  2104  comprise slots  2016  and  2107 , respectively. In some embodiments, slots  2016  and  2107  are coincidental when slider cover  2011  and slider  2104  are assembled. Rivet  2017  couples slider cover  2011  and slider  2104  to latch platform  2104  by insertion through slots  2016  an  2107  into rivet hole  2108  and retained therein. 
     Rivet  2017  comprises heads  2109  and  2110  that are wider than slot  2016  and hole  2108 , enabling rivet  2017  to retain slider cover  2011  and slider  2104  on latch platform  2104  when assembled. In some embodiments, slider cover  2011  is free to slide over latch platform  2102  along the long axis of slot  2016  when actuated. Slider cover  2011  fits over slider  2104 , and may abut slider  2104  when slider cover  2011  is translated. Slider  2104  may then be translated over latch platform  2102  simultaneously with slider cover  2011  by virtue of slot  2107 . Both slider  2104  and slider cover  2011  are retained on latch platform  2003  by reaction of rivet  2017 . 
     In some embodiments, slider cover  2011  comprises finger grip  2109  and cantilever spring  2013  extending from a side of slide cover  2011  that is adjacent to finger tab  2010 . In some embodiments, cantilever spring  2013  and slider cover  2011  are combined as a single molded piece comprising a compliant thermoplastic, such as, but not limited to, the thermoplastics described above. In some embodiments, cantilever spring abuts finger tab  2010 . Cantilever spring  2013  may react on slider cover  2011  when it is pushed toward finger tab  2010 , tending to return slider cover and slider  2104  to a neutral position. The function of cantilever spring  2013  is described in greater detail below. 
     In some embodiments, slider  2104  is a metal plate that is stamped from sheet metal. In some embodiments, slider  2104  is a bent plate, where the plate is bent at approximately a right angle along the x-direction. In some embodiments, slider  2104  comprises at least one latching tab  2111  that extends substantially outwardly in the y-direction from an edge of slider  2104 . In some embodiments, latching tab  2111  and the plate of slider  2104  are stamped as a single unit and bent to create the three-dimensional features. Form and function of latching tab  2111  are described in greater detail below. 
     In some embodiments, the compliant components comprising mid-alignment tabs  2014  and microprocessor capture tabs  2015  of microprocessor carrier  2000  are contained on a single molded plastic frame  2112  that is bonded to metal frame  2001 . In some embodiments, plastic frame  2112  comprises bosses  2113  that mate with openings  2114  in metal frame  2001 . In some embodiments, bosses  2113  are remolded within openings  2114  by a heat staking process to bond plastic frame  2112  to metal frame  2001 . In some embodiments, plastic frame  2112  is bonded to metal frame  2001  by a plastic injection insert molding process. 
     In some embodiments, mid-alignment tabs  2014  and microprocessor capture tabs  2015  are independent pieces that are bonded to metal frame  2001 . In some embodiments alignment tabs  2014  and microprocessor capture tab  2015  are inserted individually into openings  2114 . 
       FIGS. 22A-22B  illustrate profile views of coupling microprocessor carrier  2000  to hinge point  2201  on bolster plate  2200 , according to embodiments of the disclosure 
     In  FIG. 22A , microprocessor carrier  2200  is positioned orthogonally over bolster plate  2200 . Frame  2001  is oriented vertically in the x-z plane and bolster plate extends below the figure in the x-y plane. The view of frame  2001  is from the top side. Edge  2201  of bolster plate  2200  is shown in  FIG. 22A . In some embodiments, hinge rail  2202  extends along edge  2201  in the x-direction. In some embodiments, hinge rail  2202  extends outwardly in the y direction, above the plane of the figure. Hinge mechanism  2002  extends downward (in the z-direction) from edge  2101  of microprocessor carrier frame  2001 , and is substantially parallel thereto according to some embodiments. 
     In  FIG. 22A , hinge mechanism  2002  is aligned over hinge rail  2202  and substantially coplanar therewith. Microprocessor carrier  2000  is to be lowered onto hinge rail  2202 , as indicated by the vertical dashed arrows. Hinge mechanism comprises clip  2007  overlaid on hinge platform  2005  and fastened thereto. Edge flap  2008  extends downwardly from the bottom edge of clip  2007 , overhanging curved tabs  2006  forming split barrel  2009  between edge flap  2008  and curved tabs  2006 . In some embodiments, curved tabs  2006  do not touch edge flap  2008 , leaving gap  2010 . In some embodiments, curved tabs  2006  and edge flap  2008  comprise a metal composition that exhibits sufficient elasticity to displace to pass hinge rail  2202  through gap  2010  into hinge barrel  2009 . 
     In  FIG. 22B , microprocessor carrier  2000  has been lowered onto hinge rail  2202 . Hinge mechanism  2002  is clipped onto hinge rail through a claw comprising curved tabs  2006  and edge flap  2008 . In the illustrated assembly processes, hinge rail  2202  is passed through gap  2010 , displacing curved tabs  2006  and edge flap  2008 . Hinge rail  2202  is seated in hinge barrel  2009 , about which microprocessor carrier  2000  articulates, according to some embodiments. The following paragraphs will describe details of the full mounting assembly of microprocessor carrier  2000  onto bolster plate  2200 . 
       FIGS. 23A-23D  illustrate an exemplary method for assembling microprocessor carrier  2000  onto bolster plate  2200 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
       FIG. 23A  illustrates an oblique view of microprocessor carrier  2000  and bolster plate  2200 . Bolster plate  2200  is shown coupled to PCB substrate  2300 . Microprocessor socket  2301  is seated within the microprocessor socket aperture (e.g., aperture  1615  in  FIG. 16B ) of bolster plate  2200 , and coupled to PCB substrate  2300 . Microprocessor carrier  2000  is in the process of being lowered onto hinge rail  2202  on bolster plate  2200 . 
     Microprocessor carrier  2000  carries microprocessor package  2302 , seated within microprocessor receiving aperture  2004  within frame  2001 . The combination forms a carrier/microprocessor subassembly  2305 . The surface of the die side of microprocessor package  2302  is shown. In some embodiments, an integrated heat spreader (IHS) is on the die side of microprocessor package  2302 . In subsequent operations, the IHS is to be interfaced with a heatsink. Lands are on the opposing face of microprocessor package  2302 , and are to align with pins on microprocessor socket  2301 . Hinge assembly  2002  is aligned over hinge rail  2202 , as described above and shown in  FIG. 22A . Latch assembly  2003  is on the opposing edge of microprocessor carrier  2000 . 
       FIG. 23B  illustrates an oblique view of carrier/microprocessor subassembly  2305  docked onto bolster plate  2200 . In some embodiments, bolster plate  2200  is coupled to PCB substrate  2300 . In some embodiments, hinge assembly  2002  is clipped onto hinge rail  2202  by passage between curved tabs (e.g.,  2006  in  FIG. 21 ) and edge flap  2008 , as described above. Hinge mechanism  2002  articulates about hinge rail  2202  to enable microprocessor package  2302  to seat on microprocessor socket  2301  by pivoting microprocessor carrier  2000  downward, as shown in a subsequent operation. 
     In  FIG. 23C , carrier/microprocessor subassembly  2305  is pivoted downward toward bolster plate  2200 . Microprocessor package  2302  undergoes a two-stage alignment with microprocessor socket  2301  to maximize proper alignment of lands and pins. In some embodiments, clipping hinge assembly  2002  onto hinge rail  2202  effectuates a gross alignment of microprocessor package  2302  with microprocessor socket  2301 . In some embodiments, microprocessor carrier  2000  is dimensioned so that microprocessor package  2302  will align with microprocessor socket within a certain tolerance. In some embodiments, the alignment tolerance is between 0.5 mm to 1 mm. A finer alignment is effectuated by mid-alignment tabs  2014  ( FIG. 21 ). 
     In some embodiments, bolster plate  2200  is dimensioned to enable latching mechanism  2003  to align to and mate with locking tabs  2303  on edge  2304  of bolster plate  2200 . The details of the latching mechanism are described below for  FIGS. 24A and 24B . 
     In  FIG. 23D , microprocessor/carrier subassembly  2305  is lowered fully into a horizontal position onto bolster plate  2200 . Latch assembly  2003  is locked onto latch receiving features on bolster plate  2200  by mating with locking tabs (e.g., locking tabs  2303  in  FIG. 23C ). Microprocessor package  2302  is aligned over microprocessor socket (not shown) and undergoes a second stage of fine alignment to line up the land array with the pin array on microprocessor socket  2301 , as described below for  FIG. 25 . 
       FIGS. 24A and 24B  illustrate oblique views of the latching mechanism to lock carrier/microprocessor assembly  2305  to bolster plate  2200 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In the operation shown in  FIG. 24A , carrier/microprocessor assembly  2305  is rotated to a horizontal position and grossly aligned with bolster plate  2200 . Latching tabs  2111  extend from slider  2104 . In some embodiments, slider  2104  is bent at substantially a right angle into horizontal portion and a vertical portion. In some embodiments, latching tabs  2111  extend from the vertical section, as shown in the illustrated embodiment. Latching tabs  2111  abut and rest over locking tabs  2304 . In some embodiments, locking tabs  2304  comprise chamfered noses  2401  that extend laterally from the top portion of locking tabs  2304 . Chamfered noses  2401  comprise a sloped edge that enables latching tabs to slide downwards when slider  2104  is moved toward finger tab  2010  by actuation over latch platform  2102 . In some embodiments, latching tabs  2111  are aligned over locking tabs  2304  such that latching tabs  2111  are adjacent to chamfered digits  2401 , as the illustrated embodiment shows in  FIG. 24A . 
     Slider  2104  is held to latch platform  2102  by rivet  2017  that is confined within slot  2016 . Slider cover  2011  is present in the figure and indicated by the hidden lines to reveal details of slider  2104  underneath. In some embodiments, slider cover (e.g.,  2011  in  FIG. 21 ) abuts slider  2102  when pushed from finger grip  2109 , pushing slider  2102  toward finger tab  2010 , as indicated by the arrows pointing to the left of the figure. Cantilever spring  2013  is also present and indicated by the hidden lines. The cantilever spring (e.g.,  2013  in  FIG. 21 ) is compressed. As indicated by the arrows in the figure, latching tabs  2304  slide toward the left in the figure when slider  2104  is actuated by pushing the slider cover. Latching tabs  2304  slide off of chamfered digits  2401 , enabling latch assembly  2003  to fall toward bolster plate  2200  and snap under chamfered noses  2401  of locking tabs  2304 . 
     In the operation shown in  FIG. 24B , latching tabs  2111  are locked under locking tabs  2304 . As latching tabs  2111  slide downward from chamfered noses  2401 , the reaction of cantilever spring (e.g., cantilever spring  2013  in  FIG. 20 ) pushes back on the slider cover (e.g.,  2011  in  FIG. 21 , and indicated by the hidden lines). Latching tabs  2111  travel to the right in the figure as indicated by the arrows pointing to the right in the figure, and rest against a vertical edge of locking tabs  2304 . In some embodiments, natural tension in the cantilever spring reacts on slider  2104 , applying a static force to slider  2104  and to latching tabs  2111  that are integral with slider  2104 . The static force traps latching tabs  2111  under chamfered noses  2401 , pushing latching tabs  2111  against vertical edges of locking tabs  2304 . The action locks carrier/microprocessor subassembly  2305  to bolster plate  2200 . 
       FIG. 25  illustrates an exemplary method for fine alignment of microprocessor package  2302  on microprocessor socket  2301  by mid-alignment tabs  2014 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 25 , carrier/microprocessor  2305  and bolster plate  2200  are shown in cross-sectional view looking from a slice in the x-z plane of hinge assembly end toward the latch assembly end that is below the plane of the figure. Locking tabs  2304  are shown below the plane of the figure extending vertically (in the z-direction) from the far edge of bolster plate  2200 . In the illustrated embodiment, carrier/microprocessor subassembly  2305  is shown misaligned over microprocessor socket  2301 . Mid-alignment tab  2014   a  on the left side of microprocessor carrier frame  2001  (as oriented in the figure) is offset to the left from chamfered socket wall  2501  by a distance d. 
     Mid-alignment tab  2014   b  on the right side of microprocessor carrier frame  2001  comprises chamfered foot  2502  that abuts sloped edge  2503  at the top of chamfered socket wall  2501 . In some embodiments, downward force applied to carrier/microprocessor subassembly  2305 , as indicated by the downward-pointing arrows, causes mid-alignment tabs  2014   a  and  2014   b  to slide down sloped edge  2503 . In some embodiments, microprocessor package  2302  travels laterally by distance d or less, as indicated by the right-pointing arrows. In some embodiments, the LGA on microprocessor package  2302  is aligned with pin array  2504  on microprocessor socket  2301  before microprocessor package  2302  seats within microprocessor socket  2301 , mitigating potential damage to pin array  2504  due to misalignment. In the final phase of locking carrier/microprocessor subassembly  2305  to bolster plate  2200 , microprocessor package  2302  descends vertically downward to seat within microprocessor socket  2301 . 
       FIGS. 26A and 26B  illustrate an exemplary method of loading carrier/microprocessor subassembly  2305 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In the operation shown in  FIG. 26A , carrier/microprocessor subassembly  2305  is locked onto bolster plate  2200 , as described above and shown in  FIG. 23D . Bolster plate  2200  is coupled to PCB substrate  2300 . In some embodiments, PCB substrate  2300  is a computer motherboard. The combination of carrier/microprocessor subassembly locked onto bolster plate  2200  forms central processing unit (CPU) subassembly  2600 . Heatsink  2601  is positioned over carrier/microprocessor subassembly  2305  such that bolt passage holes  2602  on mounting flange  2603  are aligned with mounting studs  2604  extending orthogonally (vertically) from bolster plate  2200 . 
     The exemplary method operation shown in  FIG. 26A  and the method described above and shown in  FIGS. 23A-23D  contrasts from earlier methods of loading a microprocessor mounted within a microprocessor socket coupled to a PCB substrate. Referring to the earlier loading embodiments described in the disclosure, the microprocessor package is attached to a heatsink by a carrier, in contrast to the operation of  FIG. 26A . In some embodiments, the carrier is clipped to the mounting flange of the heatsink, interfacing the IHS of the microprocessor package with a heat transfer surface, such as a cold plate. In some embodiments, a thermal interface material (TIM) intervenes between the IHS and the heat transfer surface. 
     The heatsink/microprocessor subassembly is then brought into proximity of a bolster plate coupled to a PCB substrate and surrounding a microprocessor socket. The heatsink/microprocessor subassembly is then lowered to align and seat the microprocessor within the microprocessor socket. Fasteners are then engaged with mounting studs on the bolster plate and tightened down over the mounting flange. 
     In the operation shown in  FIG. 26B , heatsink  2601  is lowered onto CPU subassembly  2600 . Mounting studs  2604  extend through bolt passage holes  2602  in preparation for engagement with fasteners. In some embodiments, fasteners are retaining nuts, such as retaining nut  101  in  FIG. 4B . Loading of microprocessor package (e.g.,  2302  in  FIG. 26A ) may be performed as described earlier in the disclosure. In some embodiments, anti-tilt fasteners, such as anti-tilt fastener assemblies  100  in  FIG. 4B  are employed. In some embodiments, CPU subassembly  2600  automatically performs an anti-tilt function, as is described below. In some embodiments, anti-tilt fasteners (e.g., anti-tilt fasteners  100  in FIG.  4 B) are not required for loading microprocessor package  2302 . The automatic anti-tilt function of CPU subassembly  2600  is described in the following paragraphs. 
       FIG. 27  illustrates the anti-tilt function of CPU subassembly  2600 , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In  FIG. 27 , CPU subassembly  2600  is shown in cross section between hinge assembly  2002  and latch assembly  2003 . Latch assembly  2003  is engaged in locking tabs  2303  and hinge assembly  2002  is engaged on hinge rail  2202 , locking carrier/microprocessor  2305  onto bolster plate  2200 . Fixed elements of hinge assembly  2002  and latch assembly  2003  with bolster plate  220  restrict motion of carrier/microprocessor  2305  by reaction to external forces. 
     The anti-tilt function of CPU subassembly  2600  will now be described. Starting with the installed heatsink/microprocessor assembly as shown in  FIG. 26B , the load on CPU subassembly  2600  becomes unbalanced as two or more of the retention nuts are untightened and removed from mounting studs  2604  in any sequence. Release of the load on one side of CPU subassembly  2600  creates a tendency to tilt in the direction of the remaining load. Without tilt control, CPU subassembly would lift one side of microprocessor  2302  from socket  2301  while pressing microprocessor  2302  on the pins on the opposite side of microprocessor socket  2301 , possibly damaging them. 
     In  FIG. 27 , an attached heatsink (e.g., heatsink  2601  in  FIG. 26B ) and retention nuts are not shown to facilitate description of the anti-tilt function of CPU subassembly  2600 . According to some embodiments, CPU subassembly comprises microprocessor carrier  2000  fixed on bolster plate  2200 , and microprocessor package  2302  seated within microprocessor carrier  2000  (forming carrier/microprocessor assembly  2305 ). 
     In  FIG. 27 , two or three retention nuts are untightened. The load is released in an unbalanced manner. The unbalanced forces are indicated by F 1  and F 2  in  FIG. 27 . The unbalance release of the load tends to tilt the attached heatsink, creating upward forces F 1  and F 2  acting on the left and right side of carrier/microprocessor assembly  2305 , respectively. Microprocessor package  2302  tends to travel with the heatsink due to adhesion by a TIM layer. As carrier/microprocessor  2305  is fixed on bolster plate  2200  at the latch and hinge points the upward forces are reacted downward by locking tabs  2303  and hinge rail  2202 , respectively. The reactive forces are indicated by R 1  and R 2 . Microprocessor package  2302  is constrained to remain seated in microprocessor socket  2301  as reactive forces R 1  and R 2  are transferred to microprocessor package  2302  (R′ 1  and R′ 2 ) where frame  2001  interacts with IHS features  2701 . 
     At the same time, adhesion forces due to TIM surface tension are overcome by the unbalanced load on heatsink, which tilts accordingly and separates from microprocessor  2302 , according to some embodiments. Simultaneous tilt control and CPU/heatsink separation is performed by microprocessor carrier  2000 . 
       FIG. 28  illustrates flow chart  2800  for a method of using microprocessor carrier  2000  following  FIGS. 23A-23D , according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
     In operation  2801 , a microprocessor package (e.g., microprocessor package  2302  in  FIG. 23A ) is received in a shipping tray, according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, the microprocessor package comprises an IHS having shape features enabling mounting in a microprocessor carrier. 
     In operation  2802 , the microprocessor package is captured in a microprocessor carrier (e.g., microprocessor carrier  2000  in  FIG. 20 ), forming a carrier/microprocessor assembly workpiece (e.g., carrier/microprocessor assembly  2305  in  FIG. 23A ) having a frame surrounding a microprocessor receiving aperture, a latch assembly and a hinge assembly attached to opposite sides of the frame (e.g., see  FIG. 20 ). The microprocessor carrier comprises compliant tabs that snap into the shape features of the IHS to secure the microprocessor package to the carrier. 
     In operation  2803 , the workpiece is lowered onto a microprocessor loading mechanism comprising a bolster plate (e.g., bolster plate  2200  in  FIGS. 23A and 23B ), as shown in  FIG. 23B . Hinge assembly  2002  is coupled to a hinge receiving structure (e.g., hinge rail  2202 ) on one edge of the loading mechanism. In some embodiments, the hinge assembly is clipped over the hinge rail on the bolster plate. In some embodiments, the hinge assembly articulates on the hinge rail, enabling rotation of the workpiece about the hinge rail. 
     In some embodiments, the bolster plate comprises a microprocessor socket receiving aperture (e.g., aperture  2004  in  FIG. 20 ). A microprocessor socket is seated within the receiving aperture and is coupled to the substrate 
     In operation  2804 , the workpiece is rotated toward the loading mechanism to seat the microprocessor package in the microprocessor socket, as shown in  FIG. 23C . In some embodiments, the microprocessor package is automatically aligned with the socket. In some embodiments, the alignment occurs in to stages. First, gross alignment is enabled by engaging the hinge assembly of the workpiece with the loading mechanism hinge point on an edge of the bolster plate. The carrier and bolster plate are dimensioned such that the microprocessor package is substantially aligned with the socket. In some embodiments, the offset tolerance is ±1 mm. A fine alignment occurs at a second stage, where alignment tabs on the carrier interact with the socket walls to finely adjust the centering of the workpiece over the socket (e.g., see  FIG. 25  and related description). 
     In operation  2805 , the latch assembly on the workpiece (e.g., latch assembly  2003  in  FIG. 20 ) is engaged with latch point on the bolster plate of the loading mechanism, as shown in  FIG. 23D . Tabs on the latch assembly of the workpiece (e.g., latching tabs  2111 ,  FIG. 21 ) engage with locking tabs on an edge of the bolster plate (e.g., locking tabs  2304 ,  FIGS. 23A-23C ). When the workpiece is forced downward after touching down on the latch point, the tabs on the latch assembly slide into notches on the sides of the locking tabs. A cantilever spring on the latch assembly presses the latch assembly tabs laterally against the locking tabs on the bolster plate to secure the workpiece to the loading mechanism. 
       FIG. 29  illustrates a microprocessor (CPU) as part of a system-on-chip (SoC) package, where the microprocessor SoC package is mounted on the motherboard of a computing device according to the disclosed method, where one or more anti-tilt fastener assemblies (e.g., anti-tilt fastener assemblies  100  in  FIG. 8A ) are employed to load the microprocessor. 
       FIG. 29  illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of a computing device  2900 . In some embodiments, computing device  2900  represents a computing tablet, a laptop, a desktop computer or server. It will be understood that certain components are shown generally, and not all components of such a device are shown in computing device  2900 . 
     In some embodiments, computing device  2900  includes a first processor  2910 . The various embodiments of the present disclosure may also comprise a network interface within  2970  such as a wireless interface so that a system embodiment may be incorporated into a wireless device, for example, cell phone or personal digital assistant. 
     In one embodiment, processor  2910  can include one or more physical devices, such as microprocessors, application processors, microcontrollers, programmable logic devices, or other processing means. The processing operations performed by processor  2910  include the execution of an operating platform or operating system on which applications and/or device functions are executed. The processing operations include operations related to I/O (input/output) with a human user or with other devices, operations related to power management, and/or operations related to connecting the computing device  2900  to another device. The processing operations may also include operations related to audio I/O and/or display I/O. 
     In one embodiment, computing device  2900  includes audio subsystem  2920 , which represents hardware (e.g., audio hardware and audio circuits) and software (e.g., drivers, codecs) components associated with providing audio functions to the computing device. Audio functions can include speaker and/or headphone output, as well as microphone input. Devices for such functions can be integrated into computing device  2900 , or connected to the computing device  2900 . In one embodiment, a user interacts with the computing device  2900  by providing audio commands that are received and processed by processor  2910 . 
     Display subsystem  2930  represents hardware (e.g., display devices) and software (e.g., drivers) components that provide a visual and/or tactile display for a user to interact with the computing device  2900 . Display subsystem  2930  includes display interface  2932  which includes the particular screen or hardware device used to provide a display to a user. In one embodiment, display interface  2932  includes logic separate from processor  2910  to perform at least some processing related to the display. In one embodiment, display subsystem  2930  includes a touch screen (or touch pad) device that provides both output and input to a user. 
     I/O controller  2940  represents hardware devices and software components related to interaction with a user. I/O controller  2940  is operable to manage hardware that is part of audio subsystem  2920  and/or display subsystem  2930 . Additionally, I/O controller  2940  illustrates a connection point for additional devices that connect to computing device  2900  through which a user might interact with the system. For example, devices that can be attached to the computing device  2900  might include microphone devices, speaker or stereo systems, video systems or other display devices, keyboard or keypad devices, or other I/O devices for use with specific applications such as card readers or other devices. 
     As mentioned above, I/O controller  2940  can interact with audio subsystem  2920  and/or display subsystem  2930 . For example, input through a microphone or other audio device can provide input or commands for one or more applications or functions of the computing device  2900 . Additionally, audio output can be provided instead of, or in addition to display output. In another example, if display subsystem  2930  includes a touch screen, the display device also acts as an input device, which can be at least partially managed by I/O controller  2940 . There can also be additional buttons or switches on the computing device  2900  to provide I/O functions managed by I/O controller  2940 . 
     In one embodiment, I/O controller  2940  manages devices such as accelerometers, cameras, light sensors or other environmental sensors, or other hardware that can be included in the computing device  2900 . The input can be part of direct user interaction, as well as providing environmental input to the system to influence its operations (such as filtering for noise, adjusting displays for brightness detection, applying a flash for a camera, or other features). 
     In one embodiment, computing device  2900  includes power management  2950  that manages battery power usage, charging of the battery, and features related to power saving operation. Memory subsystem  2960  includes memory devices for storing information in computing device  2900 . Memory can include nonvolatile (state does not change if power to the memory device is interrupted) and/or volatile (state is indeterminate if power to the memory device is interrupted) memory devices. Memory subsystem  2960  can store application data, user data, music, photos, documents, or other data, as well as system data (whether long-term or temporary) related to the execution of the applications and functions of the computing device  2900 . 
     Elements of embodiments are also provided as a machine-readable medium (e.g., memory  2960 ) for storing the computer-executable instructions. The machine-readable medium (e.g., memory  2960 ) may include, but is not limited to, flash memory, optical disks, CD-ROMs, DVD ROMs, RAMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards, phase change memory (PCM), or other types of machine-readable media suitable for storing electronic or computer-executable instructions. For example, embodiments of the disclosure may be downloaded as a computer program (e.g., BIOS) which may be transferred from a remote computer (e.g., a server) to a requesting computer (e.g., a client) by way of data signals via a communication link (e.g., a modem or network connection). 
     Connectivity via network interface  2970  includes hardware devices (e.g., wireless and/or wired connectors and communication hardware) and software components (e.g., drivers, protocol stacks) to enable the computing device  2900  to communicate with external devices. The computing device  2900  could be separate devices, such as other computing devices, wireless access points or base stations, as well as peripherals such as headsets, printers, or other devices. 
     Network interface  2970  can include multiple different types of connectivity. To generalize, the computing device  2900  is illustrated with cellular connectivity  2972  and wireless connectivity  2974 . Cellular connectivity  2972  refers generally to cellular network connectivity provided by wireless carriers, such as provided via GSM (global system for mobile communications) or variations or derivatives, CDMA (code division multiple access) or variations or derivatives, TDM (time division multiplexing) or variations or derivatives, or other cellular service standards. Wireless connectivity (or wireless interface)  2974  refers to wireless connectivity that is not cellular, and can include personal area networks (such as Bluetooth, Near Field, etc.), local area networks (such as Wi-Fi), and/or wide area networks (such as WiMax), or other wireless communication. 
     Peripheral connections  2980  include hardware interfaces and connectors, as well as software components (e.g., drivers, protocol stacks) to make peripheral connections. It will be understood that the computing device  2900  could both be a peripheral device (“to”  2982 ) to other computing devices, as well as have peripheral devices (“from”  2984 ) connected to it. The computing device  2900  commonly has a “docking” connector to connect to other computing devices for purposes such as managing (e.g., downloading and/or uploading, changing, synchronizing) content on computing device  2900 . Additionally, a docking connector can allow computing device  2900  to connect to certain peripherals that allow the computing device  2900  to control content output, for example, to audiovisual or other systems. 
     In addition to a proprietary docking connector or other proprietary connection hardware, the computing device  2900  can make peripheral connections  2980  via common or standards-based connectors. Common types can include a Universal Serial Bus (USB) connector (which can include any of a number of different hardware interfaces), DisplayPort including MiniDisplayPort (MDP), High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), Firewire, or other types. 
     Reference in the specification to “an embodiment,” “one embodiment,” “some embodiments,” or “other embodiments” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments is included in at least some embodiments, but not necessarily all embodiments. The various appearances of “an embodiment,” “one embodiment,” or “some embodiments” are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiments. If the specification states a component, feature, structure, or characteristic “may,” “might,” or “could” be included, that particular component, feature, structure, or characteristic is not required to be included. If the specification or claim refers to “a” or “an” element, that does not mean there is only one of the elements. If the specification or claims refer to “an additional” element, that does not preclude there being more than one of the additional element. 
     Furthermore, the particular features, structures, functions, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. For example, a first embodiment may be combined with a second embodiment anywhere the particular features, structures, functions, or characteristics associated with the two embodiments are not mutually exclusive. 
     While the disclosure has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, many alternatives, modifications and variations of such embodiments will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description. The embodiments of the disclosure are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, and variations as to fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. 
     In addition, well known power/ground connections to integrated circuit (IC) chips and other components may or may not be shown within the presented figures, for simplicity of illustration and discussion, and so as not to obscure the disclosure. Further, arrangements may be shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the disclosure, and also in view of the fact that specifics with respect to implementation of such block diagram arrangements are highly dependent upon the platform within which the present disclosure is to be implemented (i.e., such specifics should be well within purview of one skilled in the art). Where specific details (e.g., circuits) are set forth in order to describe example embodiments of the disclosure, it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that the disclosure can be practiced without, or with variation of, these specific details. The description is thus to be regarded as illustrative instead of limiting. 
     An abstract is provided that will allow the reader to ascertain the nature and gist of the technical disclosure. The abstract is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to limit the scope or meaning of the claims. The following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment.