Patent Publication Number: US-9848269-B2

Title: Predicting harmful noise events and implementing corrective actions prior to noise induced hearing loss

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Technical Field 
     The present invention relates to a system and method of environmental monitoring capable of detecting and more importantly predicting and preventing exposure to dangerous sound levels, and more particularly to cognitive systems that learns and recognizes patterns and outcomes to predict further sound exposure, and implements ameliorative actions chosen to reduce, remove, or eliminate exposure risks. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) can be caused by a one-time exposure to a loud sound as well as by repeated exposure to sounds at various loudness levels over an extended period of time. This level of exposure may be reached in typical industrial settings. Noise levels may be generated by machinery and equipment in a variety of industries. 
     Workers may routinely be instructed to wear personal protective equipment that includes hearing protection, but such routine instructions are typically not predictive and do not usually customize the level of hearing protection for the actual worker and the actual environment. Workers may ignore such routine instructions, and even if followed may provide under or over protection. It would, therefore, be beneficial to provide a way of reducing noise induced hearing loss. 
     SUMMARY 
     An aspect of the disclosure relates to a method of avoiding harmful noise levels, the method comprising implementing a cognitive suite of workplace hygiene and injury predictors (WHIP) that has learned to identify noise sources and indicators of harmful noise levels, detecting an indicator, and implementing a corrective action by at least one of altering the operation of a noise source, modifying a time of a scheduled task, or changing prescribed personal protective equipment. 
     An aspect of the disclosure relates to a hearing protection system comprising cognitive suite of workplace hygiene and injury predictors (WHIP) that has learned to identify noise sources and indicators of harmful noise levels, a monitoring interface coupled to one or more sensor(s) for detecting an indicator, and a warning system configured to implement a corrective action by at least one of altering the operation of a noise source, modifying a time of a scheduled task, or changing prescribed personal protective equipment. 
     An aspect of the disclosure relates to a non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising a computer readable program for predicting exposure to harmful noise levels, wherein the computer readable program when executed on a computer causes the computer to perform the steps of implementing a cognitive suite of workplace hygiene and injury predictors (WHIP) that has learned to identify noise sources and indicators of harmful noise levels, detecting an indicator, and implementing a corrective action by altering the operation of a noise source, modifying a time of a scheduled task, and/or change the prescribed personal protective equipment. 
     These and other features and advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments thereof, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The disclosure will provide details in the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the following figures wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a plan view of a production facility having a hearing protection system in accordance with the present principles; 
         FIG. 2  is a block/flow diagram of a method of predicting noise exposures according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of a hearing protection system according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram of a calendar generator and scheduler according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 5  is a block diagram of a monitoring interface and warning system according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 6  is a block/flow diagram of a method of training a cognitive WHIP according to an exemplary embodiment; and 
         FIG. 7  is an exemplary processing system to which the present principles may be applied in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Often, people are exposed to loud noises because they have not been forewarned that such noises are likely to occur, for example, from a machine in a factory starting up a production run, or a jet coming in for a landing at an airport. While the general environment may suggest loud noises can occur, the actual occurrences may be intermittent and/or without sufficient warning, such that individuals are not outfitted with their personal protective equipment (PPE) or do not have sufficient notice to put on their PPE. A system that predicts the occurrence of loud noises can address the hazards by providing sufficient time or changes to the environment to avoid such loud noise events. 
     A worker may also travel between different workplace environments that pose different levels of auditory danger, for example, a warehouse may be relatively quiet compared to a production floor on which metal stamping is occurring. A forklift driver or material handler may transition from the warehouse to the production floor without donning the necessary personal protective equipment, and thereby be exposed to a sudden change in noise levels. A system that recognizes a worker&#39;s location and/or intended travel path in relation to noise sources, and provides a reminder to don the PPE or shuts down equipment when the worker approaches a minimum safe distance, can provide sufficient time or changes to the environment for the worker to avoid such loud noise events. 
     A reactive warning system can be inadequate in many instances because the harmful noise event must have already occurred for it to be detected, and even if a warning is provided before an imminent actual event there may be insufficient time for people to protect themselves. Conversely, having people wear personal protective equipment constantly can introduce its own adverse effects including muffling or obscuring important instructions and warnings that can thereby create other dangerous situations. 
     In addition, there may be a constant level of noise generated by machinery and equipment used routinely for manufacturing, production, construction, and maintenance that contribute to the ambient noise levels. 
     Principles and embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a system and method of identifying a state of an environment, and determining the likelihood of a noise event based on one or more indicators representing the state of the environment. 
     Principles and embodiments also relate to a system and method including a cognitive suite of workplace hygiene and injury predictors (WHIP), also referred to as a “Cognitive WHIP,” that measures accumulated industrial hygiene risks to individuals based on a measure of exposure to sounds (also referred to as noise). 
     Principles and embodiments also relate to an approach to protecting persons from sound exposures utilizing a cognitive WHIP system by learning one or more indicators of a detrimental sound event and predicting an upcoming sound event by detecting at least some of the one or more indicators. 
     Principles and embodiments also relate to anticipating the exposure of a person to a detrimental sound event by recognizing existing indicators representing the state of an environment, and preemptively altering the person&#39;s exposure to the anticipated detrimental noise level by changing the environment or changing the person&#39;s proximity to the noise source. 
     Principles and embodiments also relate to predicting estimated exposure levels of a person and tracking cumulative actual noise exposure levels to pre-emptively adjusting the persons task schedule in anticipation of predicted noise exposure. 
     A sequences of states or indicators that are predictive of industrial hygiene or injury events, where the injury may be auditory, may be compiled as a cognitive suite of workplace hygiene and injury predictors (WHIP). The indicators may represent the state of an environment, for example safe verse unsafe, high risk verse low risk, active verse inactive, and/or avoidable verse unavoidable. The Cognitive WHIP system may learn, over one or more training sessions, which indicators predict safe verse unsafe, high risk verse low risk, active verse inactive, and/or avoidable verse unavoidable environments. The Cognitive WHIP system may then recognize an increased likelihood that a future change in environment may place a worker at risk for injury, where the injury can be noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). The Cognitive WHIP system may alert the worker of such increased risk, or take preventive steps to reduce or eliminate the potential risk. 
     In one or more embodiments, a cognitive WHIP system may learn a plurality of indicators that correlate with the probability that a detrimental sound event or noise level may occur in the immediate future, for example the electronic logging of a withdrawal of explosives from storage can indicate a high probability that blasting may occur, and loading of coil stock into a mechanical press can indicate a punching operation will begin. A sound or noise event may be a short term or intermittent SPL (e.g., gun shot, explosion) that can cause hearing damage within the short time period of exposure, whereas a sound or noise level may be a longer term SPL that can cause hearing damage if the exposure continues for an established period of time (e.g., running machinery and equipment). 
     In various embodiments, the cognitive WHIP system may correlate a schedule of activities stored by the cognitive WHIP system with a plurality of indicators to associate the occurrence of a noise event with a particular activity scheduled at the time of the occurrence in reference to a particular indicator. By recognizing that a particular indicator foretells the occurrence of a noise event when a particular activity is scheduled, the cognitive WHIP system can learn to recognize which indicators, noise events, and scheduled activities are inter-related, and predict what noise levels are expected to occur in a noise zone based on scheduled activities. The cognitive WHIP system may adjust scheduled activities to avoid or compensate for the noise levels. The cognitive WHIP system may reduce a worker&#39;s exposure to noise levels by changing the worker&#39;s schedule to minimize noise exposures over a time period (e.g., work shift), which may include scheduling the worker to tasks in lower SPL noise zones and/or altering the time of assigned tasks to periods of lower noise generation (e.g., night shift) when fewer machines or processes may be operating. 
     In various embodiments, one or more sensors may be suitably located to detect transitory signals (e.g., sounds, images, presence of equipment, presence of chemicals/compounds, presence of particular workers, etc.) in a prescribed environment, and to identify a sequences of states or indicators from the transitory signals. Sensors may include, but not be limited to, visual sensors (e.g., cameras), audio sensors (e.g., dosimeters, microphones), machine activation sensors (e.g., interlocks, control panels), vibration/motion sensors (e.g., accelerometers), chemical detectors (e.g., chemical sniffers or puffers), and/or location detectors (e.g., RFID, GPS, MLAT, etc.). The signals from the sensors may be received by the cognitive WHIP system and correlated with schedules tasks and activities by the cognitive WHIP system. 
     In an illustrative, non-limiting example, signals from a combination of cameras, interlocks, vibration sensors, motion sensors, chemical detectors, and location detectors, may be utilized in combination with a learned or predetermined sequences of states and a schedule to identify, for example, that a forklift is turned on, moving, and traveling along a prescribed path within a factory, or a pump has been activated to charge a reaction vessel with a combination of chemicals. Furthermore, the Cognitive WHIP system may know the intended path of the forklift through the facility, and pre-emptively shut down the forklift or equipment along the expected path of the forklift before the forklift operator comes within a minimum safe distance from the equipment at which his hearing may be at risk. The range from the equipment may be predetermined based on the SPL generated by the equipment, a dosimeter or microphone measuring current SPL, and/or other environmental factors for example intervening walls and sound dampening. A person may also be alerted to the expected occurrence of a harmful noise level or sound event through, for example, a mobile device (e.g., cell phone, pager) or PPE (e.g., walkie-talkie, headset, warning light) with sufficient time to implement the proper protective equipment, for example, putting on higher rated hearing protection, or delay the assigned task until the harmful noise level or sound event has passed. 
     In various embodiments, a warning may be sent to the forklift operator to don suitable PPE before proceeding into a given work area/noise zone, and/or a control signal may be transmitted to the forklift to shut down before it comes within a distance from the equipment at which the operator&#39;s hearing may be at risk. A control signal may be transmitted to equipment to shut down before the person comes within a safe distance from the equipment. 
     In one or more embodiments, the Cognitive WHIP system may maintain a cumulative record of the sound exposure for one or more workers, and assess the likelihood that a worker will incur additional sound exposures during an upcoming shift that exceeds a threshold that may place the worker at risk for hearing damage. 
     The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computer program product. The computer program product may include a computer readable storage medium (or media) having computer readable program instructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of the present invention. 
     The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of the computer readable storage medium includes the following: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such as punch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructions recorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construed as being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses passing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmitted through a wire. 
     Computer readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computer readable storage medium or to an external computer or external storage device via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprise copper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium within the respective computing/processing device. 
     Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations of the present invention may be assembler instructions, instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++ or the like, and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user&#39;s computer, partly on the user&#39;s computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user&#39;s computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user&#39;s computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readable program instructions by utilizing state information of the computer readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present invention. 
     Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer readable program instructions. 
     These computer readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises an article of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects of the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions. 
     It will also be understood that when an element is referred to as being “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly connected” or “directly coupled” to another element, there are no intervening elements present. 
     Reference in the specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” of the present principles, as well as other variations thereof, means that a particular feature, structure, characteristic, and so forth described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present principles. Thus, the appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment”, as well any other variations, appearing in various places throughout the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. 
     It is to be appreciated that the use of any of the following “/”, “and/or”, and “at least one of”, for example, in the cases of “A/B”, “A and/or B” and “at least one of A and B”, is intended to encompass the selection of the first listed option (A) only, or the selection of the second listed option (B) only, or the selection of both options (A and B). As a further example, in the cases of “A, B, and/or C” and “at least one of A, B, and C”, such phrasing is intended to encompass the selection of the first listed option (A) only, or the selection of the second listed option (B) only, or the selection of the third listed option 
     (C) only, or the selection of the first and the second listed options (A and B) only, or the selection of the first and third listed options (A and C) only, or the selection of the second and third listed options (B and C) only, or the selection of all three options (A and B and C). This may be extended, as readily apparent by one of ordinary skill in this and related arts, for as many items listed. 
     Referring now to the drawings in which like numerals represent the same or similar elements and initially to  FIG. 1 , an exemplary embodiment of a manufacturing environment  100  implementing an exemplary cognitive WHIP system is shown in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. 
     A manufacturing environment  100  may include a plurality of sub environments, which can be identified as work areas and/or noise zones. For example, a manufacturing environment may have work areas including a chemical processing or production floor  102  including heavy equipment and machinery for producing chemical compounds or parts for products, an assembly or compounding floor  104  where chemicals or parts from the manufacturing floor  102  are put together into a product, a packaging department  106  where the products are placed into suitable packaging and sealed, and a warehouse  108  where package products are stored for shipping and/or raw materials are received for the production floor. The manufacturing floor  102  may be separated from the assembly floor  104 , packaging department  106 , and warehouse  108 , by various sound barriers including walls and doors. The manufacturing floor  102  may, therefore, constitute a separate noise zone from the assembly floor  104 , packaging department  106 , and warehouse  108 . The assembly floor  104  and packaging department  106 , however, may constitute the same noise zone, since there are no intervening sound barriers even though different types of work are being performed in the two areas. People in a noise zone, therefore, may be exposed to sound levels generated in more than one work area. Some facilities may have multiple work areas, but comprise only a single noise zone. 
     Various machinery and equipment may be located throughout a manufacturing environment, where machinery and equipment may produce varying levels of sound output. A large (e.g., 100 ton, 200 ton) mechanical press  110 , for example, may generate a noise level of 120 dB or more during operation, and may have a noise level of over 85 dB when idling. A milling machine  140  may generate noise levels of 110 dB or more during operation. A conveyor belt  120 , surface grinder  130  and a drill press  132 , for example, may generate other noise levels that can be above an 85 dB threshold. A packaging machine  160 , for example a shrink-wrap machine or form-fill-seal machine, in a packaging department may generate intermittent noise levels above an 85 dB threshold. In addition, some equipment, for example a forklift  150 , may be mobile and therefore generate transitory SPLs as it passes other work stations. Furthermore, the noise level (i.e., sound pressure level (SPL)) actually experienced or measured can depend on the distance from the source of the sound. 
     In one or more embodiments, sensors may be located at fixed positions within a work area, and/or associated with mobile equipment and workers, where the sensors are in communication with a hearing protection system  190  over one or more communication path(s)  189 . Communication path(s)  189  may be wired or wireless and implement hardware configured to provide wired and/or wireless communication path(s)  189 , as would be known in the art. 
     In one or more embodiments, the sensors may include microphones  145  that detect and measure noise levels (i.e., sound pressure levels), which may include dosimeters that measure cumulative noise-exposures for a given period of time at different locations throughout a facility. Sensors may include microphones of mobile devices worn (e.g., helmet mike, headset) or carried (e.g., cell phones) by workers that are wirelessly integrated with a hearing protection system  190  implementing a cognitive WHIP system through wireless nodes positioned in a facility. Sensors may also include motion/vibration sensors  115  that can detect the movement of machinery or equipment during operation. Sensors may include interlock devices and controls  125  that are configured to detect when a machine is placed in an active state (i.e., turned on) and/or when the operator has logged into the machine or equipment, for example with a pass card, personal ID code, or personal key. Sensors may also include a portal  148  that determines when a worker or piece of equipment passes a specified point in the facility (e.g., an RFID Reader, image recognition, etc.). 
     In one or more embodiments, a hearing protection system  190  implementing a cognitive WHIP system may include one or more servers, where the server(s) may be local to the manufacturing environment  100 . In another embodiment, the hearing protection system  190  may be in the cloud. In yet another embodiment, the hearing protection system  190  may be both local and remote, such that the local components perform some of the functions implicated by the present principles, while the remote components perform other ones of the functions implicated by the present principles. 
     In one or more embodiments, the measured SPL may be utilized to create a noise map of noise zones by relating all of the SPL measured at different locations at a given time. In various embodiments, a noise map includes correlated SPL data, spatial data, and time data, and may be stored as a multi-dimensional noise vector by the cognitive WHIP system. Historic acoustic data may, thereby, be stored as noise vectors and/or noise maps. 
     Maximum and minimum SPLs may be identified for a time period that may be predetermined (e.g., 10 min., 30 min., 1 hour, 4 hours, 8 hour shift, 1 day, 1 week, etc.), for example local minima may occur daily at 12:00 pm to 1:00 pm corresponding to a shut-down for lunch, 5:00 pm to 5:30 pm for a shift change, and a daily minima may occur from 1:00 am to 8:00 am when no shifts are running. Similarly, weekends may be identified as repeating weekly minima, and holidays may be identified as yearly minima. Conversely, daily maxima may be identified for 9:00 am to 11:00 am and 2:00 pm to 4:00 pm when all equipment is running. These times would depend on the work routine of the facility and the scheduled times for operations. 
     In various embodiments, a cognitive WHIP system may measure noise levels within one or more work areas using fixed microphones  145  positioned around the work areas to sense SPLs over a period of time and store the SPLs with the associated time that the measurement was taken. The period of time that measurements are taken and stored may be sufficiently long to identify all common noises generated in each work area. For example, a facility that runs only one daytime shift with a regular production schedule may require only a single day for the cognitive WHIP system to measure a full spectrum of SPLs produced in the work areas; whereas a job shop that has short production runs and operates different machinery and processes only intermittently may require a week or a month to measure a full spectrum of SPLs produced in the work areas. The cognitive WHIP system may measure and store time of day SPL variations, time of week SPL variations, time of month SPL variations, etc., and correlate the SPL variations with the scheduled activities occurring at the same time. The SPL data and schedule data may be stored in the system&#39;s non-transitory memory and made available and accessible through the cognitive WHIP system. 
     In one or more embodiments, the cognitive WHIP system may be trained by purposely producing a full spectrum of SPLs produced in the work areas in a predefined period, and correlating the SPLs with known indicators and operations. By associating the measured SPLs at known locations in work areas and determining which locations detect and measure noises generated by machines and equipment in different work areas, the cognitive WHIP system can learn and create a noise map and identify noise zones. A series of noise maps may be generated for multiple sub-time periods (e.g., 5 min., 15 minute intervals) in a predetermined time period (e.g., 1 hour, 8 hour production shift, 24 hour day, etc.) to identify variations in noise levels at the different locations. 
     In one or more embodiments, the cognitive WHIP system may identify and designate appropriate hearing protection for workers assigned to specific work areas at specific times in response to predicted SPLs based on the noise maps. The cognitive WHIP system may calculate expected noise exposures for a worker and recommend hearing protection that is not over-protective or under-protective (i.e., having the proper noise reduction rating (NRR)) for the predicted noise exposures. The hearing protection may, thereby, be customized for a time period, sub-time period, or assigned task based on the noise maps and expected length of exposure to the SPLs, which may be based on a worker&#39;s schedule, assigned tasks, and/or transit path. 
     In various embodiments, the cognitive WHIP system may use the fixed and mobile microphones to detect and measure actual SPLs occurring in one or more noise zones to confirm that actual noise levels correspond with predicted noise levels. If actual SPLs are different from the predicted SPLs based on the noise maps, the cognitive WHIP system may provide warnings and/or dynamically update the noise maps through a monitoring and/or learning function. In various embodiments, warnings may be visual, audible, tactile (e.g., vibrations), or a combination thereof, to alert one or more workers of changes in instantaneous SPL values and/or a cumulative SPL-time values in a noise zone. 
     In one or more embodiments, the sensors may include cameras  135  located at fixed positions that detect and record images (i.e., still images and video) at different locations throughout a facility. The cameras may be located at a fixed position within a work area, or may be a mobile device (or part of a mobile device) located on a worker or equipment (e.g., forklift). The images may be analyzed to identify workers, equipment, and various visual indicators picked up by a camera  135 , for example by image recognition. The camera may also provide visual indications of the activities occurring within a work area. The camera(s)  135  may be utilized to identify the presence of workers in a particular area, additional equipment (e.g., forklift) in a particular area, operation of particular machinery, type of product/parts being produced, and/or identify activities occurring in a particular location (e.g., retooling machine, maintenance, stocking raw materials for production run, charging tanks/bins/hoppers/in-feeds, installing/removing/transporting equipment to different location in plant/factory, etc.). In various embodiments, microphones  145  may or may not be associated with a particular camera  135 . 
     In one or more embodiments, the sensors may include interlocks  125  located on machinery, equipment, and at access points. The interlocks  125  may require a worker to enter a personal passcode, use a magnetic or optical pass card, or a biometric sensor to activate the machine, equipment, or for entry. The cognitive system may identify the specific worker at the location of the interlock  125 , and correlate the presence of the worker with a scheduled task to recognize the correlated occurrences as an indicator that a particular operation is imminent. In contrast, the cognitive system may identify the absence of the specific worker at a location for a scheduled task, and recognize the correlated occurrences as an indicator that a particular operation is not imminent. 
     In one or more embodiments, the sensors may also be a switch, and/or current meter or volt meter, which may be part of an interlock, that detects when a particular piece of machinery or equipment is turned on, and therefore generating noise. In various embodiments, an interlock or switch (e.g., a PLC, relay, etc.) may be configured to receive signals and/or instructions from a monitoring interface, warning system, calendar generator, and/or scheduler to slow down or turn off the particular piece of machinery or equipment. 
     In one or more embodiments, the sensors may include vibration and/or motion sensors  115  that can detect the operation of equipment or machinery left in an active state independent of the presence of a worker or other indicators. 
     In one or more embodiments, the sensors may also be a logging device or access interface  149  that requires a worker to provide his or her identify before entering a work area or accessing a piece of equipment or machinery. In various embodiments, ingress and egress by workers to a work area may be controlled by access points (i.e., doors, gates, elevators) that require a worker to enter an identification code, swipe a magnetic pass key or badge, or use a biometric to identify the worker entering an area and prevent access to others. In various embodiments, the presence of a worker scheduled to operate a piece of equipment or machine at a particular time may be used as an indication that the piece of equipment or machine will be operating at the scheduled time. The presence of a worker as indicated by the sensor may be utilized to confirm that the worker will be experiencing a level of noise exposure. The actual sound exposure for the worker may then be monitored by a monitoring interface  340 , where the monitoring interface may be coupled to and receive signals from one or more sensor(s). 
     In one or more embodiments, the sensors may include location detectors  128  (e.g., RFID, GPS, MLAT, etc.) that may be worn by workers and/or attached to mobile equipment, for example a forklift  150 , which can identify the location of the workers and equipment. A sensor may be a RFID chip or GPS device that identifies and/or tracks the location of a worker in a work area/noise zone. The RFID chip and/or GPS device may be utilized to identify the location of a worker during a scheduled work period, and/or the path that a worker takes between different locations, for example, from an ingress point where a portal  148  reads the worker&#39;s RFID or the worker logged in to an operator station for an assigned task. The path may be learned by the system and used to estimate noise exposures for future work periods. 
       FIG. 2  is a block/flow diagram of a method  200  of predicting noise exposures according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     In block  210 , a hearing protection system may receive signals relating to noises generated in a work area and identify the noise as associated with a specific machine or piece of equipment operating in the work area. The hearing protection system may include a cognitive WHIP function that has learned to identify a specific type of sound corresponding to a specific type of machine or operation, or has been configured to learn that a specific type of sound is associated with a specific type of machine, where the machine or equipment may be performing a specific operation. A milling machine, for example, may generate one type of sound when milling a metal like steel, and another type of sound when milling aluminum, and yet another sound when milling wood or plastic. Similarly, a pump motor, for example, may generate one type of sound when producing a low flow rate, and a different sound when operating at a high flow rate. 
     In one or more embodiments, a list of machinery and/or equipment may be stored in a non-transitory memory of a hearing protection system as one or more objects (e.g., files) relating to types of noises generated by the machinery and/or equipment, and may be associated with the particular machinery and/or equipment, for example, in a suitable data structure. A microphone or dosimeter  145  may detect the sound(s) generated by the machinery and/or equipment, and the hearing protection system may receive and store the sounds as an object in the non-transitory memory. 
     In block  220 , a hearing protection system may identify a worker as present in a work area. 
     In one or more embodiments, a list of workers may be stored in a non-transitory memory of a hearing protection system  190  and data relating to the total noise exposure may be associated with each worker, for example, in a suitable data structure. The hearing protection system  190  may be configured to access the list of workers and produce an assignment schedule for each worker. 
     In one or more embodiments, a worker may be identified by logging in a personal identification code (PID) and/or a pass card used to access a work area, a RFID that is detected by a portal (e.g., RFID reader) at ingresses to/egresses from a work area, a GPS associated with the worker, and/or cameras and facial recognition software focused on the work area, where identification of a worker may be by facial recognition. 
     In block  230 , a hearing protection system may determine the potential exposure of an identified worker by analyzing the identified worker&#39;s assignment schedule, identifying one or more assigned tasks for the worker, determining the work location(s) and/or operator station(s) at which the worker will be positioned in a work area for the assigned tasks, identifying the path used by the work to transit to the work location(s) and/or operator station(s), analyzing a noise map for the work area, and calculating a predicted amount of cumulative noise exposure for the worker. 
     In one or more embodiments, the hearing protection system may calculate a cumulative noise exposure for a worker for a scheduled time period before the worker arrives in the work area. The scheduler may adjust the assigned tasks for the worker to work location(s) and/or operator station(s) having lower SPLs to reduce the predicted amount of cumulative noise exposure for the worker if the stored total noise exposure associated with the worker is above a predetermined amount. The worker may be alerted to a schedule change before the worker arrives in the work area. 
     In block  240 , the hearing protection system may monitor the noises present in a noise zone, the location of one or more workers in the noise zone, a path taken by the workers through the noise zone, changes in the state of machinery and equipment (i.e., noise sources) in the noise zone, identify noise sources contributing to the expected noise level in a noise zone, and calculate a cumulative predicted noise exposure for the workers. 
     Historic acoustic data may be used to calculate a predicted noise exposure for one or more workers, or actual SPLs detected and measured at one or more sensors may be used with a worker&#39;s actual location, task assignment, and expect path to calculate a predicted noise exposure for the one or more workers. 
     In block  250 , the hearing protection system may compare the predicted noise exposure of the worker to a safety threshold value, where the threshold value may be an instantaneous SPL value and/or a cumulative SPL-time value. An instantaneous SPL threshold value may be about 112 dB, or about 109 dB, or about 106 dB, or about 103 dB. A cumulative SPL-time threshold value may be about 8 hours at 85 dB, or about 4 hours at 88 dB, or about 2 hours at 91 dB, where the cumulative SPL-time threshold values may be permissible exposure times for continuous time weighted average noise levels. The cognitive WHIP system may be configured to monitor the amount of time that a worker is exposed to a measured SPL to calculate a cumulative SPL-time value, and record the amount of exposure time, SPL exposure levels, and cumulative SPL-time value, which may be associated with each worker and stored in a non-transitory memory. 
     In block  260 , the hearing protection system may determine whether the SPL exposure is above a predetermined safety threshold value. If the worker&#39;s predicted or actual exposure is determined to be over the safety threshold value, the hearing protection system may signal that adjustments may be required to the noise zone and/or worker schedule. 
     In block  270 , the hearing protection system  190  may implement corrective actions to reduce risk, which may include reducing the noise level or modifying the worker&#39;s task schedule. The hearing protection system  190  may transmit a control signal to machinery and/or equipment to slow down or turn off for a predetermined period of time to reduce the SPLs in the particular noise zone, signal the worker to take an alternate transit path to a location in the facility, alter the workers scheduled tasks to avoid the SPLs in the particular noise zone, or a combination thereof. The hearing protection system  190  may also change the prescribed PPE for the worker to increase NRR, or allocate additional hearing protection to the worker. 
     In block  280 , warnings may be transmitted to the worker in real time to alert the worker of the danger, a change in schedule, a change in transit path, or a change in protective equipment, which may be received by the worker on a mobile device or PPE. A worker may be informed of actual dangerous sound levels in particular noise zone(s) before the worker enters the particular zone(s). 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of a hearing protection system according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     In one or more embodiments, a hearing protection system  190  includes hardware configured to implement one or more systems for scheduling and monitoring worker noise exposure. The hearing protection system  190  may include a processor  390  for executing computer code configured to identify worker assignment patterns, identify noise sources contributing to total worker noise exposure, calculate cumulative noise exposure for one or more workers based on scheduled interactions with identified noise sources, and adjust worker and production scheduling to maintain cumulative noise exposure for a worker below a threshold amount. The hearing protection system  190  may include non-transitory memory  380  for storing code and data, a network interface card  370  for communicating with external systems, and a user interface  360  that may include a display, a graphical user interface (GUI), and various I/O devices. An embodiment of a hearing protection system  190  may include a calendar generator  310 , a scheduler  320 , a warning system  330 , a monitoring interface  340 , and a cognitive WHIP  350  for learning and prediction utilizing data and functions of the calendar generator  310 , scheduler  320 , warning system  330 , and monitoring interface  340 , which may be implemented as software or implemented in part in software, where such software may be stored in a non-transitory memory. A hearing protection system  190 , which may include a calendar generator  310 , a scheduler  320 , a warning system  330 , a monitoring interface  340 , and a cognitive WHIP  350  may also be implemented as least in part in hardware, including standalone devices, boards, integrated circuits, where at least one may be implemented as application specific integrated circuits (ASICS). While particular components and functions may be attributed to a particular system or module, this is for descriptive purposes only. Various components and functions may be swapped between the systems and modules or distributed and rearranged amongst different systems and modules, where such arrangements are contemplated to be within the scope of the invention as set forth in the claims. 
       FIG. 4  is a block diagram of a calendar generator and scheduler according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     In one or more embodiments, a calendar generator  310  may be configured to keep track of the date and time  410  of worker assignments  412 , and track worker patterns to determine an estimated noise exposure for each of one or more workers. The calendar generator  310  may record date, time, and position data  410  of worker assignments  412 , the worker transit paths  415 , and a value for the total predicted noise exposure  417 . It should be noted that the term “worker” is intended to broadly encompass all persons in a work environment including, but not limited to, hourly and salaried employees of a business, daily contract worker, outside contractors, visiting members of other businesses, and other persons that may be located in the vicinity of a potential noise source at a known time. A worker may not be someone outside the knowledge and/or control of a business. 
     In one or more embodiments, a scheduler  320  may be configured to keep track of intended production output, production deadlines, man-hours required to complete the intended production output by the production deadline(s), a list of workers available to staff the production jobs to meet the required man-hours for production, a value for the cumulative actual exposure associated with each worker, a list of machinery and equipment available for production, and noise output levels associated with each of the machines and equipment. The scheduler  320  may also be configured to assign work tasks to one or more workers, where an estimated sound exposure is calculated for each task assigned during a work period. The tasks assigned to a plurality of workers may be adjusted to balance the cumulative noise exposure for each worker of a predetermined time period, for example, workers may be rotated between shifts in high and low noise zones on a daily (i.e., morning-afternoon-night shifts) basis, a weekly basis, a monthly basis, etc., where the worker is assigned to a different noise zone each day. The scheduler  320  may also access available data on the transit path that each worker takes between work locations. 
     In one or more embodiments, the scheduler  320  may create and record a production schedule  420 , a worker list  430 , which includes the value for the cumulative actual noise exposure  435  associated with each worker, a machinery and equipment list  440 , which includes value(s) for the actual noise output (i.e., SPLs)  445  associated with each production operation, machine, or piece of equipment, and a facility map  450 , which includes the locations  452  of each production operation, machine, and piece of equipment, the location of the operator station  455  associated with each machine and/or piece of equipment, and the location of each sensor  457 . 
     A scheduler  320  may be configured to iteratively prepare a tentative assignment schedule for a worker, calculate a predicted noise exposure for the worker for the scheduled time period, add the calculated predicted noise exposure to the cumulative actual noise exposure associated with worker to obtain a total predicted worker noise exposure, compare the total predicted noise exposure to a threshold noise exposure, and prepare a different tentative assignment schedule and calculate a new predicted noise exposure for the worker if the total predicted worker noise exposure is above the threshold noise exposure. The iterative calculations and schedule preparation may be performed by a processor. The value for the total predicted/estimated noise exposure may be provided to and stored  417  by a calendar generator  310  in non-transitory memory. 
     A scheduler  320  may be configured to identify predicted low noise periods, and schedule particular tasks during the low noise periods. Tasks scheduled during predicted low noise periods may include machine maintenance, training sessions, cleaning and janitorial work, and other tasks known to require a lack of interference with hearing (e.g., instructions, warnings, etc.). The scheduler may be configured to examine daily, weekly, and/or monthly variations in actual noise levels correlated with scheduled operations to identify low noise periods, and predict time variations based on changes in scheduled operations to identify variations in the timing of low noise periods. 
     While a time period may be predicted to be a low noise period based on historic data and examined variations, actual noise levels may be markedly higher than the predicted noise levels due to unexpected emergencies (e.g., delayed material deliveries, fire, weather or natural disasters), changes in production output (e.g., machine breakdown) and shortened production deadlines (e.g., running faster, a third shift). A monitoring system may detect actual noise levels through sensors, and update the system to adjust the calculated noise exposure of the workers, and/or update the noise maps to reflect that the predicted low noise period is not actually a low noise period. 
       FIG. 5  is a block diagram of a monitoring interface and warning system according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     A monitoring interface  340  may be configured to perform noise level monitoring utilizing a processor by receiving signals from one or more sensors, where the signals represent audio and video indications of noise levels within one or more noise zone(s), as well as electronic signal(s) indicating the state of machinery and equipment, and the presence of workers. A monitoring interface  340  may be configured to identify when a piece of machinery or equipment is in an operating state, and therefore, emitting noise at an expected SPL. A monitoring interface  340  may also be configured to store and update a noise map to identify noise zones and sound pressure levels, where the noise map may be time dependent and based on equipment and machinery operations. 
     The monitoring interface  340  may receive and store date and time data  510  associated with PPE sensor signal data  512  (i.e., SPLs) received from mobile sensors (e.g., cell phones) associated one or more workers, and facility sensor signal data  514  (i.e., SPLs) received from fixed sensors, for example microphones  145 , at specific locations within a facility. The monitoring interface  340  may include an exposure calculator  516  that integrates the received SPL data over the time period that the data is received to determine a cumulative actual noise exposure for each worker, and stores the received data and calculated cumulative actual noise exposure  518  in a non-transitory memory. 
     In one or more embodiments, a monitoring interface  340  of the hearing protection system  190  may monitor the actual SPLs experienced by the one or more workers in a noise zone, and compare the actual SPLs experienced to the predicted noise exposure, which may have been calculated by a scheduler  320 . A worker&#39;s location and transit path may be monitored to determine the noise zone occupied by the worker when exposed to a detected SPL, and compare the actual SPL exposure to the predicted exposure. 
     In one or more embodiments, the monitoring interface  340  may communicate difference in the actual and predicted SPLs to the scheduler  320 , and corrections to the worker&#39;s schedule may be made to compensate for actual SPL exposures over or under predicted SPLs. The schedule changes may be communicated to the worker through a mobile device (e.g., cell phone, pager, laptop, tablet, etc.) or PPE (e.g., walkie-talkie, headset, etc.). A control signal may be communicated over a communication path to machinery and/or equipment in the noise zone occupied by the worker, where the control signal causes the machinery and/or equipment to temporarily slow or shut down to protect the worker. 
     The monitoring interface  340  may also be configured to create and store facility noise maps  519 , and update noise maps based on the actual SPL data received from the sensors. The noise maps  519  may be used by the scheduler  320  to calculate a predicted noise exposure for the worker for the scheduled time period when preparing a tentative assignment schedule for a worker. 
     A sensor may be a microphone  145  that measures sound pressure levels at a location in the noise zone. The microphone may be located at a fixed position within a work area, or may be a mobile device (or part of a mobile device) located on a worker, which may be part of the worker&#39;s personal protective equipment (PPE). 
     In one or more embodiments, the warning system  330  may store a worker list  520 , which includes the value for the cumulative actual noise exposure  525  associated with each worker, a machinery controller  530 , which may be coupled to one or more pieces of machinery or equipment, and may be configured to send and/or receive control signals to each machine or piece of equipment through a machine interface  535 , and includes hardware for communicating with the machinery and equipment over a communication path  189 . The warning system  330  may be configured to receive an indication from a monitoring interface  340  that noise levels in a noise zone are higher than predicted. The a machinery controller  530  may be configured to send a shut-down signal to a machine or piece of equipment in a noise zone determined to have SPLs higher than predicted to thereby reduce SPLs in the zone. 
     In various embodiments, the warning system  330  may include a warning system control  540  that is connected to and in communication with one or more warning indicators, which may be visual, audible, and/or tactile, and a map  545  of the locations of the warning indicators for a facility. The warning indicator map  545  may store the location of each warning indicator and or communication addresses for mobile devices and PPE for workers, such that warning may be sent to a specific worker or an indicator in a noise zone may be activated. The warning system  330  may be configured to receive an indication from a monitoring interface  340  that a worker has a cumulative actual noise exposure  525  approaching or above a threshold limit, which may be determined by an exposure calculator  516 , and transmit a warning to that worker utilizing communication hardware (e.g., network interface card, wireless nodes, etc.). A warning may include instructions to put on particular PPE, to leave a noise zone, or to take an alternate path to a work location or operator&#39;s station. 
     In various embodiments, a calendar generator  310 , scheduler  320 , warning system  330 , and monitoring interface  340  may be part of a learning module  350  (i.e., cognitive WHIP) that develops recognition of behavioral patterns and adjusts worker scheduling based on previously recognized patterns and outcomes to pre-emptively adjust production and/or worker scheduling, worker task assignment, worker personal protective equipment allocation, and/or worker transit paths. The cognitive WHIP  350  may analyze inputs and/or stored data and information for one or more systems or modules to develop models that predict noise exposure levels for a period of time, for example, a worker&#39;s shift, and apply the model to calculate the probability of hearing damage to a worker for the predicted noise exposure levels. A noise exposure levels may include the sound pressure levels at a distance from all contributing noise sources for all expected positions of a worker during the specified time period, including transitory positions as a worker moves from one location to another within a noise zone. 
     A plurality of equipment and machines may contribute to increased sound pressure levels within a bounded area, which is referred to as a noise zone. The noise zone may be bounded by physical barriers, such as walls, doors, ceilings, floors, and other intervening objects (e.g., pallets, racks, tanks, hoppers, silos, bins, bags, rolls, etc., of raw or finished materials) that reduces noise levels from equipment and machines outside the identified noise zone below a monitoring threshold. A monitoring threshold may be predetermined from prior experience, determined by governmental or industry standards (e.g., OSHA), or a combination thereof. 
     In one or more embodiments, the combination of adjusting a worker&#39;s schedule and assignments, controlling machine and equipment operation times, altering worker&#39;s PPE, and allocating suitable hearing protection can reduce exposure to industrial noise by the worker. 
     In a non-limiting example, a specific worker may be assigned to operate a piece of equipment that has been determined to generate a known SPL at the operator&#39;s station, in addition, prior analysis of operator behavior has determined that an operator moves closer to the equipment an average number of times per time period to perform other intermittent operations resulting in an increased SPL exposure for short durations, other machines and equipment within the identified noise zone have been identified as contributing to the SPL at the worker&#39; location, as measured using fixed and/or mobile sensors. The worker is known to move from an entrance to the identified noise zone to the operator&#39;s station along a known and recognized path (e.g., the worker&#39;s habitual or predefined path though the work area), which includes exposure to varying SPLs generated by other machines and equipment within the identified noise zone along the worker&#39;s path. 
     In one or more embodiments, a warning system  330  may be configured to present information to one or more workers that an unacceptable noise level exists in a noise zone, where the worker may be informed about the zones via augmented reality. 
     In various embodiments, the hearing protection system  190  accepts all of the data and inputs and calculates the worker&#39;s total predicted exposure for an entire time period (e.g., shift). The worker&#39;s schedule and/or assignments may be altered to avoid and/or reduce particular identified exposures, and the equipment and machinery production may be interrupted to lower the SPL along the worker&#39;s path or at the operator station to reduce the total actual exposure in response to the estimated exposure. The total accumulated exposure may thereby be kept within a predetermined limit. 
       FIG. 6  is a block/flow diagram of a method  600  of training a cognitive WHIP according to an exemplary embodiment. 
     The cognitive WHIP may correlate a schedule of activities stored by the cognitive WHIP system with a plurality of indicators to associate the occurrence of a noise event with a particular activity scheduled at the time of the occurrence in reference to a particular indicator. 
     In block  610 , the cognitive WHIP may learn which noise sources exist in a facility and contribute to the noise levels, so sound events may be identified. 
     In block  620 , the cognitive WHIP may learn which workers may be present in the facility and may be exposed to the noise levels. 
     In block  630 , the cognitive WHIP may learn which indicators occur prior to a sound event or change in noise level. 
     In block  640 , the cognitive WHIP detects actual sound events or noise level. 
     In block  650 , the cognitive WHIP correlates the sound event or noise level with the learned indicator, so that the detection of an indicator by the cognitive WHIP can be utilized to predict the occurrence of the sound event or noise level. 
     In block  660 , the cognitive WHIP identifies the time and date of the indicator and the sound event, and identifies operations schedule at the time of the sound event in the noise zone. The indicator may be used as a trigger to learn the inter-relationship between the scheduled operation and the sound event or noise level. 
     In block  670 , the cognitive WHIP learns which machinery or equipment operating at the time of the sound event or noise level is the noise source based on the scheduled operation. 
     In block  680 , the cognitive WHIP is trained to identify which indicators correlate with the machinery or equipment operating at the time of the sound event or noise level is the noise source based on the scheduled operation. By recognizing that a particular indicator foretells the occurrence of a noise event when a particular operation is scheduled, the cognitive WHIP system can learn to recognize which indicators, noise events, and scheduled activities are inter-related, and predict what noise levels are expected to occur in a noise zone based on scheduled activities. The information can be compiled in a database as the cognitive WHIP learns new correlations. 
     The cognitive WHIP may implement ameliorative actions based on the scheduled operations and corresponding sound events and noise levels. 
       FIG. 7  is an exemplary processing system  700  to which the present principles may be applied in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The processing system  700  includes at least one processor (CPU)  704  operatively coupled to other components via a system bus  702 . A cache  706 , a Read Only Memory (ROM)  708 , a Random Access Memory (RAM)  710 , an input/output (I/O) adapter  720 , a sound adapter  730 , a network adapter  740 , a user interface adapter  750 , and a display adapter  760 , are operatively coupled to the system bus  702 . 
     A first storage device  722  and a second storage device  724  are operatively coupled to system bus  702  by the I/O adapter  720 . The storage devices  722  and  724  can be any of a disk storage device (e.g., a magnetic or optical disk storage device), a solid state magnetic device, and so forth. The storage devices  722  and  724  can be the same type of storage device or different types of storage devices. 
     A speaker  732  is operatively coupled to system bus  702  by the sound adapter  230 . A transceiver  742  is operatively coupled to system bus  702  by network adapter  740 . A display device  762  is operatively coupled to system bus  702  by display adapter  760 . 
     A first user input device  752 , a second user input device  754 , and a third user input device  756  are operatively coupled to system bus  702  by user interface adapter  750 . The user input devices  752 ,  754 , and  756  can be any of a keyboard, a mouse, a keypad, an image capture device, a motion sensing device, a microphone, a device incorporating the functionality of at least two of the preceding devices, and so forth. Of course, other types of input devices can also be used, while maintaining the spirit of the present principles. The user input devices  752 ,  754 , and  756  can be the same type of user input device or different types of user input devices. The user input devices  752 ,  754 , and  756  are used to input and output information to and from system  700 . 
     Of course, the processing system  700  may also include other elements (not shown), as readily contemplated by one of skill in the art, as well as omit certain elements. For example, various other input devices and/or output devices can be included in processing system  700 , depending upon the particular implementation of the same, as readily understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. For example, various types of wireless and/or wired input and/or output devices can be used. Moreover, additional processors, controllers, memories, and so forth, in various configurations can also be utilized as readily appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art. These and other variations of the processing system  700  are readily contemplated by one of ordinary skill in the art given the teachings of the present principles provided herein. 
     Moreover, it is to be appreciated that system  700  is a system for implementing respective embodiments of the present principles. Part or all of processing system  700  may be implemented in one or more of the elements of  FIG. 3 . 
     Further, it is to be appreciated that processing system  700  may perform at least part of the method described herein including, for example, at least part of method  200  of  FIG. 2 , and method  600  of  FIG. 6 . 
     Having described preferred embodiments of a system and method for predicting exposure to harmful noise levels by detecting at least some of the one or more indicators (which are intended to be illustrative and not limiting), it is noted that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that changes may be made in the particular embodiments disclosed which are within the scope of the invention as outlined by the appended claims. Having thus described aspects of the invention, with the details and particularity required by the patent laws, what is claimed and desired protected by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims.