Patent Publication Number: US-11045698-B2

Title: Golf club heads and methods to manufacture golf club heads

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 16/400,128, filed May 1, 2019, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/816,517, filed Nov. 17, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,315,080, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/150,006, filed May 9, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,258,845, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 14/586,720, filed Dec. 30, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,440,124, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/041,553, filed Aug. 25, 2014. 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 16/283,390, filed Feb. 22, 2019, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 14/962,953, filed Dec. 8, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,258,844, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 14/686,466, filed Apr. 14, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,283, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/985,351, filed Apr. 28, 2014, U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/992,379, filed May 13, 2014, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/015,297, filed Jun. 20, 2014, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/030,820, filed Jul. 30, 2014, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/059,108, filed Oct. 2, 2014. 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 16/151,037, filed Oct. 3, 2018, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/489,366, filed Apr. 17, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,124,212, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/078,749, filed Mar. 23, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,649,540, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/138,925, filed Mar. 26, 2015, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/212,462, filed Aug. 31, 2015, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/213,933, filed Sep. 3, 2015. 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 16/035,271, filed Jul. 13, 2018, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/533,481, filed Jul. 17, 2017. 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 15/987,731, filed May 23, 2018, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/518,715, filed Jun. 13, 2017, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/533,481, filed Jul. 17, 2017, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/536,266, filed Jul. 24, 2017, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/574,071, filed Oct. 18, 2017. 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 16/006,055, filed Jun. 12, 2018, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/518,715, filed Jun. 13, 2017, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/533,481, filed Jul. 17, 2017, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/536,266, filed Jul. 24, 2017, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/659,060, filed Apr. 17, 2018, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/644,233, filed Mar. 16, 2018. 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 16/674,332, filed Nov. 5, 2019, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 16/275,883, filed Feb. 14, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,493,331, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/745,194, filed Oct. 12, 2018, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/755,241, filed Nov. 2, 2018. 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 16/275,893, filed Feb. 14, 2019, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/745,194, filed Oct. 12, 2018, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/755,241, filed Nov. 2, 2018. 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/798,277, filed Jan. 29, 2019. 
     The disclosures of the abovementioned U.S. applications are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     COPYRIGHT AUTHORIZATION 
     The present disclosure may be subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the present disclosure and its related documents, as they appear in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all applicable copyrights. 
     FIELD 
     The present disclosure generally relates to golf equipment, and more particularly, to golf club heads and methods to manufacturing golf club heads. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Proper alignment of a golf club head at an address position relative to a golf ball may improve the performance of an individual. Various alignment aids have been used on the golf club heads to improve the individual&#39;s visual alignment. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  depicts a front and top perspective view of a golf club head according to an example of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG. 2  depicts a front view of the example golf club head of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  depicts a rear view of the example golf club head of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 4  depicts a top view of the example golf club head of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 5  depicts a bottom view of the example golf club head of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 6  depicts a left view of the example golf club head of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 7  depicts a right view of the example golf club head of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 8  depicts a top view of a body portion of the example golf club head of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 9  depicts a bottom view of the example body portion of  FIG. 8 . 
         FIG. 10  depicts a top view of a weight portion associated with the example golf club head of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 11  depicts a side view of a weight portion associated with the example golf club head of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 12  depicts a side view of another weight portion associated with the example golf club head of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 13  depicts a bottom view of another example body portion of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 14  depicts a top view of a golf club head according to another example of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG. 15  depicts a schematic cross-sectional view of a golf club head according to yet another example of the apparatus, methods and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG. 16  depicts a schematic cross-sectional view of another example of the golf club head of  FIG. 15 . 
         FIG. 17  depicts a front view of a golf club head according to yet another example of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG. 18  depicts a rear view of the golf club head of  FIG. 17 . 
         FIG. 19  depicts a cross-sectional view of the golf club head of  FIG. 17  at lines  19 - 19  of  FIG. 17 . 
         FIG. 20  depicts a cross-sectional view of the golf club head of  FIG. 17  at lines  20 - 20  of  FIG. 18 . 
         FIG. 21  depicts a cross-sectional view of the golf club head of  FIG. 17  at lines  21 - 21  of  FIG. 18 . 
         FIG. 22  depicts a cross-sectional view of the golf club head of  FIG. 17  at lines  22 - 22  of  FIG. 18 . 
         FIG. 23  depicts a front and top perspective view of a golf club head according to yet another example of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG. 24  depicts a front and bottom perspective view of the golf club head of  FIG. 23 . 
         FIG. 25  depicts a front view of the golf club head of  FIG. 23 . 
         FIG. 26  depicts a rear view of the golf club head of  FIG. 23 . 
         FIG. 27  depicts a top view of the golf club head of  FIG. 23 . 
         FIG. 28  depicts a bottom view of the golf club head of  FIG. 23 . 
         FIG. 29  depicts a left view of the golf club head of  FIG. 23 . 
         FIG. 30  depicts a right view of the golf club head of  FIG. 23 . 
         FIG. 31  depicts a cross-sectional view of the golf club head of  FIG. 23  taken at lines  31 - 31  of  FIG. 31 . 
         FIG. 32  depicts a front and top perspective view of a golf club head according to yet another example of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG. 33  depicts a rear and top perspective view of the golf club head of  FIG. 32 . 
         FIG. 34  depicts a top view of the golf club head of  FIG. 32 . 
         FIG. 35  depicts a bottom view of the golf club head of  FIG. 32 . 
         FIG. 36  depicts a front view of the golf club head of  FIG. 32 . 
         FIG. 37  depicts a rear view of the golf club head of  FIG. 32 . 
         FIG. 38  depicts a left view of the golf club head of  FIG. 32 . 
         FIG. 39  depicts a right view of the golf club head of  FIG. 32 . 
         FIG. 40  depicts a front view of a golf club head according to an embodiment of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
         FIG. 41  depicts a top view of the example golf club head of  FIG. 40 . 
         FIG. 42  depicts a top perspective view of the example golf club head of  FIG. 40 . 
         FIG. 43  depicts a method of assembling a golf club according to an example of the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein. 
     
    
    
     For simplicity and clarity of illustration, the drawing figures illustrate the general manner of construction, and descriptions and details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present disclosure. Additionally, elements in the drawing figures may not be depicted to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help improve understanding of examples of the present disclosure. 
     DESCRIPTION 
     In general, golf club heads and methods to manufacture golf club heads are described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In the example of  FIGS. 1-13 , a golf club head  100  may include a body portion  110  and a visual guide portion, which is generally shown as a first visual guide portion  122 , a second visual guide portion  124 , and a third visual guide portion  126 . The body portion  110  may include a toe portion  130 , a heel portion  140 , a front portion  150 , a rear portion  160 , a top portion  170 , and a sole portion  180 . The body portion  110  may also include a bore  185  to receive a shaft (not shown) with a grip (not shown). Alternatively, the body portion  110  may include a hosel (not shown) to receive the shaft. The golf club head  100  and the grip may be located on opposite ends of the shaft to form a golf club. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The body portion  110  may be partially or entirely made of a steel-based material (e.g., 17-4 PH stainless steel), a titanium-based material, an aluminum-based material (e.g., a high-strength aluminum alloy or a composite aluminum alloy coated with a high-strength alloy), a tungsten-based material, any combination thereof, and/or other suitable types of materials. Alternatively, the body portion  110  may be partially or entirely made of a non-metal material (e.g., composite, plastic, etc.). The golf club head  100  may be a putter-type golf club head (e.g., a blade-type putter, a mid-mallet-type putter, a mallet-type putter, etc.). Based on the type of putter as mentioned above, the body portion  110  may be at least 200 grams. For example, the body portion  110  may be in a range between 300 to 600 grams. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The toe and heel portions  130  and  140 , respectively, may be on opposite ends of the body portion  110  and may define a width of the body portion  110 . The front and rear portions  150  and  160 , respectively, may be on opposite ends of the body portion  110  and may define a length of the body portion  110 . The front portion  150  may include a face portion  155  (e.g., a strike face), which may be used to impact a golf ball (not shown). The face portion  155  may be an integral portion of the body portion  110 . Alternatively, the face portion  155  may be a separate piece or an insert coupled to the body portion  110  via various manufacturing and/or processes (e.g., a bonding process, a welding process, a brazing process, a mechanical locking method, a mechanical fastening method, any combination thereof, or other suitable types of manufacturing methods and/or processes). The face portion  155  may be associated with a loft plane that defines the loft angle of the golf club head  100 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 8 , for example, the body portion  110  may include two or more weight ports, generally shown as a first set of weight ports  820  (e.g., shown as weight ports  821 ,  822 ,  823 ,  824 , and  825 ) to form the first visual guide portion  122  and a second set of weight ports  840  (e.g., shown as weight ports  841 ,  842 ,  843 ,  844 , and  845 ) to form the second visual guide portion  124 . The first and second sets of weight ports  820  and  840 , respectively, may be exterior weight ports configured to receive one or more weight portions (e.g., one shown as  1000  in  FIG. 10 ). In particular, the first and second sets of weight ports  820  and  840  may be located at or proximate to a periphery of the golf club head  100 . For example, the first and second sets of weight ports  820  and  840 , respectively, may be on or proximate to the top portion  170 . The first set of weight ports  820  may be at or proximate to the toe portion  130  whereas the second set of weight ports  840  may be at or proximate to the heel portion  140 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Each weight port of the first set of weight ports  820  may have a first port diameter (PD 1 )  850 . In particular, a uniform distance of less than the first port diameter  850  may separate any two adjacent weight ports of the first set of weight ports  820  (e.g., (i) weight ports  821  and  822 , (ii) weight ports  822  and  823 , (iii) weight ports  823  and  824 , or (iv) weight ports  824  and  825 ). In one example, the first port diameter  850  may be about 0.25 inch (6.35 millimeters) and any two adjacent weight ports of the first set of weight ports  820  may be separated by 0.1 inch (2.54 millimeters). In a similar manner, each weight port of the second set of weight ports  840  may have a second port diameter (PD 2 )  855 . A uniform distance of less than the second port diameter  855  may separate any two adjacent weight ports of the second set of weight ports  840  (e.g., (i) weight ports  841  and  842 , (ii) weight ports  842  and  843 , (iii) weight ports  843  and  844 , or (iv) weight ports  844  and  845 ). For example, the second port diameter  855  may be about 0.25 inch (6.35 millimeters) and any two adjacent weight ports of the second set of weight ports  840  may be separated by 0.1 inch (2.54 millimeters). The first and second port diameters  850  and  855  may be equal (i.e., PD 1 =PD 2 ). Alternatively, the first and second port diameters  850  and  855  may be different. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     As noted above, the visual guide portion may include the third visual guide portion  126 . Accordingly, the body portion  110  may include two or more weight ports, generally shown as a third set of weight ports  860  (e.g., shown as weight ports  861 ,  862 ,  863 ,  864 ,  865 ,  866 ,  867 , and  868 ) to form the third visual guide portion  126 . In particular, the third visual guide portion  126  may be substantially equidistant from the first and second visual guide portions  122  and  124 . For example, the third visual guide portion  126  may extend between the front and rear portions  150  and  160  located at or proximate to a center of the body portion  110 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Each weight port of the third set of weight ports  860  may have a third port diameter  870 . In one example, the third port diameter  870  may be equal to the first port diameter  850  and/or the second port diameter  855  (e.g., 850=855=870). In another example, the third port diameter  870  may be different from the first port diameter  850  and the second port diameter  855 . A uniform distance of less than the third port diameter  870  may separate any two adjacent weight ports of the third set of weight ports  860  (e.g., (i) weight ports  861  and  862 , (ii) weight ports  862  and  863 , (iii) weight ports  863  and  864 , (iv) weight ports  864  and  865 , (v) weight ports  865  and  866 , (vi) weight ports  866  and  867 , or (vii) weight ports  867  and  868 ). The body portion  110  may also include a U-shape recess portion  190 . The third visual guide portion  126  may be located in the U-shape recess portion  190 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Further, as shown in  FIG. 9 , the body portion  110  may include an interior cavity  900 . The interior cavity  900  may be partially or entirely filled with a polymer material, an elastic polymer or elastomer material, a thermoplastic elastomer material (TPE), a thermoplastic polyurethane material (TPU), and/or other suitable types of materials to absorb shock, isolate vibration, and/or dampen noise. A plate portion  500  ( FIG. 5 ) may cover the interior cavity  900  from the sole portion  180 . The plate portion  500  may be partially or entirely made of a steel-based material (e.g., 17-4 PH stainless steel), a titanium-based material, an aluminum-based material (e.g., a high-strength aluminum alloy or a composite aluminum alloy coated with a high-strength alloy), any combination thereof, and/or other suitable types of materials. Alternatively, the plate portion  500  may be partially or entirely made of a non-metal material (e.g., composite, plastic, etc.) with one shown as  1300  in  FIG. 13 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 8 , the first and second visual guide portions  122  and  124 , respectively, may be located a distance from a first vertical plane  880  and a second vertical plane  885 , respectively. For example, the first visual guide portion  122  may be located less than one inch (25.4 millimeters) from the first vertical plane  880  and the second visual guide portion  124  may be located less than one inch (25.4 millimeters) from the second vertical plane  885 . Further, a distance  400  ( FIG. 4 ) may separate the first and second visual guide portions  122  and  124 , which may be greater than a diameter of a golf ball (e.g., 1.68 inches or 42.67 millimeters). In one example, the distance  400  may be greater than three inches (76.2 millimeters). In another example, the distance  400  may be about 3.75 inches (95.25 millimeters). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The first and second visual guide portions  122  and  124  may be located relative to the periphery of the golf club head  100 . In one example, the first visual guide portion  122  may be located less than 0.5 inch (12.7 millimeters) from the periphery at or proximate to the toe portion  130  whereas the second visual guide portion  124  may be located less than 0.5 inch (12.7 millimeters) from the periphery at or proximate to the heel portion  140 . In one example, each of the first and second visual guide portions  122  and  124  may extend about a maximum length  405  between the front and rear portions  150  and  160 . In another example, each of the first and second visual guide portions  122  and  124  may extend less than 50% of the maximum length  405  between the front and rear portions  150  and  160 . In yet another example, each of the first and second visual guide portions  122  and  124  may extend between 50% and 100% of the maximum length  405  between the front and rear portions  150  and  160 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Each of the first and second visual guide portions  122  and  124 , respectively, may be dotted lines formed by two or more weight portions, generally shown as a first set of weight portions  420  (e.g., shown as weight portions  421 ,  422 ,  423 ,  424 , and  425 ) and a second set of weight portions  440  (e.g., shown as weight portions  441 ,  442 ,  443 ,  444 , and  445 ). In a similar manner, the third visual guide portion  126  may be a dotted line formed by two or more weight portions, generally shown as a third set of weight portions  460  (e.g., shown as weight portions  461 ,  462 ,  463 ,  464 ,  465 ,  466 ,  467 , and  468 ). The first, second, and third sets of weight portions  420 ,  440 , and  460 , respectively, may be partially or entirely made of a high-density material such as a tungsten-based material or suitable types of materials. Alternatively, the first, second, and third sets of weight portions  420 ,  440 , and  460 , respectively, may be partially or entirely made of any metal material or non-metal material (e.g., composite, plastic, etc.). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The first, second, and third sets of weight portions  420 ,  440 , and  460 , respectively, may have similar or different physical properties (e.g., density, shape, mass, volume, size, color, etc.). In the illustrated example as shown in  FIGS. 10-12 , each of the weight portions of the first, second, and third sets of weight portions  420 ,  440 , and  460  may have a cylindrical shape (e.g., a circular cross section). Alternatively, each of the weight portions of the first and second sets of weight portions  420  and  440  may have a first shape (e.g., a cylindrical shape) whereas each of the weight portions of the third set of weight portions  460  may have a second shape (e.g., a rectangular shape). Although the above examples may describe weight portions having a particular shape, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may include weight portions of other suitable shapes (e.g., a portion of or a whole sphere, cube, cone, cylinder, pyramid, cuboidal, prism, frustum, or other suitable geometric shape). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Further, each of the weight portions of the first, second, and third sets of weight portions  420 ,  440 , and  460 , respectively, may have a diameter  1010  ( FIG. 10 ) of about 0.25 inch (6.35 millimeters) but the first, second, and third sets of weight portions  420 ,  440 , and  460 , respectively, may be different in height. In particular, each of the weight portions of the first and second sets of weight portions  420  and  440  may be associated with a first height  1100  ( FIG. 11 ), and each of the weight portions of the third set of weight portions  460  may be associated with a second height  1200  ( FIG. 12 ). The first height  1100  may be relatively longer than the second height  1200 . In one example, the first height  1100  may be about 0.3 inch (7.62 millimeters) whereas the second height  1200  may be about 0.16 inch (4.06 millimeters). Alternatively, the first height  1100  may be equal to or less than the second height  1200 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The first and second sets of weight portions  420  and  440 , respectively, may include threads to secure in the weight ports. For example, each weight portion of the first and second sets of weight portions  420  and  440  may be a screw. The first and second sets of weight portions  420  and  440 , respectively, may not be readily removable from the body portion  110  with or without a tool. Alternatively, the first and second sets of weight portions  420  and  440 , respectively, may be readily removable (e.g., with a tool) so that a relatively heavier or lighter weight portion may replace one or more of the weight portions of the first and second sets  420  and  440 , respectively. In another example, the first and second sets of weight portions  420  and  440 , respectively, may be secured in the weight ports of the body portion  110  with epoxy or adhesive so that the first and second sets of weight portions  420  and  440 , respectively, may not be readily removable. In yet another example, the first and second sets of weight portions  420  and  440 , respectively, may be secured in the weight ports of the body portion  110  with both epoxy and threads so that the first and second sets of weight portions  420  and  440 , respectively, may not be readily removable. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 6 and 7 , the golf club head  100  may also include a fourth set of weight portions  620  (e.g., shown as weight portions  621 ,  622 ,  623 , and  624 ) and a fifth set of weight portions  720  (e.g., shown as weight portions  721 ,  722 ,  723 , and  724 ). Although both the fourth and fifth sets of weight portions  620  and  720  may be located at or proximate to the rear portion  160 , the fourth set of weight portions  620  may be located at or proximate to the heel portion  140  whereas the fifth set of weight portions  720  may be at or proximate to the toe portion  130 . Each of the fourth and fifth sets of weight portions  620  and  720  may include at least three weight portions. Each weight portion of the fourth and fifth sets of weight portions  620  and  720  may be coupled (e.g., via threads) to a corresponding weight port (e.g., shown as weight ports  641 ,  642 ,  643 ,  644 ,  741 ,  742 ,  743 , and  744 ) on the periphery of the body portion  110 . The corresponding weight ports may be spaced apart and have port diameters similar or different to any one or more of the first, second, and third port diameters  850 ,  855 , and  870  associated with the first, second, and third sets of weight ports  820 ,  840 , and  860 . In one example, as shown in  FIG. 4 , the fourth and fifth sets of weight portions  620  and  720  and the corresponding weight ports may not be visible when the club head  100  is directly viewed from the top. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Although the above examples may describe a particular number of visual guide portions, weight ports, and weight portions, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may include more or less visual guide portions, weight ports, and/or weight portions. While the golf club head  100  illustrated in  FIGS. 1-9  may depict a particular type of putter club head (e.g., a mallet-type putter club head), the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may be applicable to other types of putters. For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 14 , the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may be applicable to a blade-type putter golf club head  1400 . The golf club head  1400  may include a body portion  1410 , and a visual guide portion, generally shown as a first visual guide portion  1422  and a second visual guide portion  1424 . The body portion  1410  may include a toe portion  1430 , a heel portion  1440 , a front portion  1450 , a rear portion  1460 , a sole portion (not shown), and a top portion  1470 . The body portion  1410  may also include a bore  1445  to receive a shaft (not shown). Alternatively, the body portion  1410  may include a hosel (not shown) to receive a shaft. The body portion  1410  may be partially or entirely made of a steel-based material (e.g., 17-4 PH stainless steel), a titanium-based material, an aluminum-based material (e.g., a high-strength aluminum alloy or a composite aluminum alloy coated with a high-strength alloy), a tungsten-based material, any combination thereof, and/or other suitable types of materials. Alternatively, the body portion  1410  may be partially or entirely made of a non-metal material (e.g., composite, plastic, etc.). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The first and second visual guide portions  1422  and  1424 , respectively, may be located a particular distance from a first vertical plane  1415  and a second vertical plane  1425 , respectively. For example, the first visual guide portion  1422  may be located less than one inch (25.4 millimeters) from the first vertical plane  1415  and the visual guide portion  1424  may be located less than one inch (25.4 millimeters) from the second vertical plane  1425 . Further, a distance  1475  may separate the first and second visual guide portions  1422  and  1424 , which may be greater than a diameter of a golf ball. In one example, the distance  1475  may be greater than three inches (76.2 millimeters). In another example, the distance  1475  may be about 3.75 inches (95.25 millimeters). 
     The first and second visual guide portions  1422  and  1424  may be located relative to a periphery of the golf club head  1400 . In one example, the first visual guide portion  1422  may be located less than 0.5 inch (12.7 millimeters) from the periphery at or proximate to the toe portion  1430  whereas the second visual guide portion  1424  may be located less than 0.5 inch (12.7 millimeters) from the periphery at or proximate to the heel portion  1440 . In one example, each of the first and second visual guide portions  1422  and  1424  may extend about a maximum length  1476  between the front and rear portions  1450  and  1460 . In another example, each of the first and second visual guide portions  1422  and  1424  may extend less than 50% of the maximum length  1476  between the front and rear portions  1450  and  1460 . In yet another example, each of the first and second visual guide portions  1422  and  1424  may extend between 50% and 100% of the maximum length  1476  between the front and rear portions  1450  and  1460 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Each of the first and second visual guide portions  1422  and  1424 , respectively, may be dotted lines formed by two or more weight portions, generally shown as a first set of weight portions  1480  (e.g., shown as weight portions  1481 ,  1482 ,  1483 ,  1484 , and  1485 ) and a second set of weight portions  1490  (e.g., shown as weight portions  1491 ,  1492 ,  1493 ,  1494 , and  1495 ). The first and second sets of weight portions  1480  and  1490 , respectively, may be partially or entirely made of a high-density material such as a tungsten-based material or suitable types of materials. Alternatively, the first and second sets of weight portions  1480  and  1490 , respectively, may be partially or entirely made of a non-metal material (e.g., composite, plastic, etc.). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The first and second sets of weight portions  1480  and  1490 , respectively, may have similar or different physical properties (e.g., density, shape, mass, volume, size, color, etc.). In the illustrated example as shown in  FIGS. 10-12 , each of the weight portions of the first and second sets of weight portions  1480  and  1490  may have a cylindrical shape (e.g., a circular cross section). Although the above examples may describe weight portions having a particular shape, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may include weight portions of other suitable shapes (e.g., a portion of or a whole sphere, cube, cone, cylinder, pyramid, cuboidal, prism, frustum, or other suitable geometric shape). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The first and second sets of weight portions  1480  and  1490 , respectively, may include threads to secure in the weight ports, which may also have corresponding threads. For example, each weight portion of the first and second sets of weight portions  1480  and  1490  may be a screw. The first and second sets of weight portions  1480  and  1490 , respectively, may not be readily removable from the body portion  1410  with or without a tool. Alternatively, the first and second sets of weight portions  1480  and  1490 , respectively, may be readily removable (e.g., with a tool) so that a relatively heavier or lighter weight portion may replace one or more of the weight portions of the first and second sets of weight portions  1480  and  1490 , respectively. In another example, the first and second sets of weight portions  1480  and  1490 , respectively, may be secured in the weight ports of the body portion  1410  with epoxy or adhesive so that the first and second sets of weight portions  1480  and  1490 , respectively, may not be readily removable. In yet another example, the first and second sets of weight portions  1480  and  1490 , respectively, may be secured in the weight ports of the body portion  1410  with both epoxy and threads so that the first and second sets of weight portions  1480  and  1490 , respectively, may not be readily removable. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In the example of  FIGS. 15 and 16 , a golf club head  1500  may include a body portion  1510 . The body portion  1510  may include a toe portion (not shown), a heel portion (not shown), a front portion  1550 , a rear portion  1560 , a top portion  1570 , and a sole portion  1580 . The body portion  1510  may be manufactured via various manufacturing methods and/or processes (e.g., a casting process, a forging process, a milling process, a cutting process, a grinding process, a welding process, a combination thereof, etc.). The body portion  1510  may be partially or entirely made of an aluminum-based material (e.g., a high-strength aluminum alloy or a composite aluminum alloy coated with a high-strength alloy), a magnesium-based material, a stainless steel-based material, a titanium-based material, a tungsten-based material, any combination thereof, and/or other suitable types of materials. Alternatively, the body portion  1510  may be partially or entirely made of non-metal material (e.g., composite, plastic, etc.). The golf club head  1500  may be a putter-type golf club head (e.g., a blade-type putter, a mid-mallet-type putter, a mallet-type putter, etc.). Based on the type of putter as mentioned above, the body portion  1510  may be at least 200 grams. For example, the body portion  1510  may be in a range between 300 to 600 grams. Although  FIGS. 15 and 16  may depict a particular type of golf club head, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may be applicable to other types of golf club heads (e.g., a driver-type golf club head, a fairway wood-type golf club head, a hybrid-type golf club head, an iron-type golf club head, etc.). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The body portion  1510  may include a hosel portion  1545  configured to receive a shaft (not shown) with a grip (not shown). The golf club head  1500  and the grip may be located on opposite ends of the shaft to form a golf club. The front and rear portions  1550  and  1560 , respectively, may be on opposite ends of the body portion  1510 . The front portion  1550  may include a face portion  1555  (e.g., a strike face). The face portion  1555  may be used to impact a golf ball. The face portion  1555  may be an integral portion of the body portion  1510 . Alternatively, the face portion  1555  may be a separate piece or an insert coupled to the body portion  1510  via various manufacturing methods and/or processes (e.g., a bonding process, a welding process, a brazing process, a mechanical locking method, a mechanical fastening method, any combination thereof, or other suitable types of manufacturing methods and/or processes). The face portion  1555  may be associated with a loft plane that defines the loft angle of the golf club head  1500 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The body portion  1510  may include one or more weight ports and one or more weight portions similar to any of the golf club heads described herein. For example, a weight port  1520  is shown in  FIG. 16 . For example, the body portion  1510  may include a first set of weight ports (not shown) similar to the first set of weight ports  820  of the golf club head  100  and a second set of weight ports (not shown) similar to the second set of weight ports  840  of the golf club head  100  that are configured to receive a plurality of weight portions. Accordingly, a detailed description of the weight ports and weight portions of the golf club  1500  is not described. Alternatively, the body portion  1510  may not include any weight ports and/or weight portions. 
     The body portion  1510  may be a hollow body including an interior cavity  1582  extending between the front portion  1550  and the rear portion  1560 . Further, the interior cavity  1582  may extend between the top portion  1570  and the sole portion  1580 . A cavity wall portion  1584  may separate the interior cavity  1582  and the face portion  1555 . The interior cavity  1582  may be associated with a cavity height  1586  (H C ) and the body portion  1510  may be associated with a body height  1588  (H B ). While the cavity height  1586  and the body height  1588  may vary between the toe and heel portions, the cavity height  1586  may be at least 50% of the body height  1588  (H C &gt;0.5*H B ). For example, the cavity height  1586  may vary between 70% and 85% of the body height  1588 . With the cavity height  1586  of the interior cavity  1582  being greater than 50% of the body height  1588 , the golf club head  1500  may produce relatively more consistent feel, sound, and/or result when the golf club head  1500  strikes a golf ball via the face portion  1555  than a golf club head with a cavity height of less than 50% of the body height. However, the cavity height  1586  may be less than 50% of the body height  1588 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In one example, the interior cavity  1582  may be unfilled (i.e., empty space). Alternatively, the interior cavity  1582  may be partially or entirely filled with a filler material (e.g., generally shown as  1590 ). The filler material  1590  may be an elastic polymer or elastomer material (e.g., a viscoelastic urethane polymer material such as Sorbothane® material manufactured by Sorbothane, Inc., Kent, Ohio), a thermoplastic elastomer material (TPE), a thermoplastic polyurethane material (TPU), and/or other suitable types of materials to absorb shock, isolate vibration, and/or dampen noise. For example, at least 50% of the interior cavity  1582  may be filled with a TPE material to absorb shock, isolate vibration, and/or dampen noise when the golf club head  1500  strikes a golf ball via the face portion  1555 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In another example, the filler material  1590  may be a polymer material such as an ethylene copolymer material to absorb shock, isolate vibration, and/or dampen noise when the golf club head  1500  strikes a golf ball via the face portion  1555 . In particular, at least 50% of the interior cavity  1582  may be filled with a high density ethylene copolymer ionomer, a fatty acid modified ethylene copolymer ionomer, a highly amorphous ethylene copolymer ionomer, an ionomer of ethylene acid acrylate terpolymer, an ethylene copolymer comprising a magnesium ionomer, an injection moldable ethylene copolymer that may be used in conventional injection molding equipment to create various shapes, an ethylene copolymer that can be used in conventional extrusion equipment to create various shapes, and/or an ethylene copolymer having high compression and low resilience similar to thermoset polybutadiene rubbers. For example, the ethylene copolymer may include any of the ethylene copolymers associated with DuPont′ High-Performance Resin (HPF) family of materials (e.g., DuPont′ HPF AD1172, DuPont′ HPF AD1035, DuPont® HPF 1000 and DuPont™ HPF 2000), which are manufactured by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company of Wilmington, Del. The DuPont′ HPF family of ethylene copolymers are injection moldable and may be used with conventional injection molding equipment and molds, provide low compression, and provide high resilience. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The filler material  1590  may be injected into the interior cavity  1582  by an injection molding process via a port  1592  on the body portion  1510  as shown in  FIG. 15 . The port  1592  may have an opening  1594  on the body portion  1510  to allow injection of the filler material into the interior cavity  1582  through the port  1592 . The port  1592  may have a plug  1596 , by which the opening  1594  may be closed after injection of the filler material  1590  into the interior cavity  1582 . Alternatively, as shown in the example of  FIG. 16 , at least one of the weight ports (e.g.,  1520 ) on the body portion  1510  may be connected to the interior cavity  1582  through a connection port  1522  that may be similar to the port  1592 . Accordingly, the filler material may be injected into the interior cavity  1582  from the at least one weight port (e.g.,  1520 ) through the connection port  1522 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     For example, at least 50% of the interior cavity  1582  may be filled with a TPE material to absorb shock, isolate vibration, dampen noise, and/or provide structural support when the golf club head  1500  strikes a golf ball via the face portion  1555 . With the support of the cavity wall portion  1584  and filling at least a portion of the interior cavity  1582  with an elastic polymer material, the face portion  1555  may be relatively thin without degrading the structural integrity, sound, and/or feel of the golf club head  1500 . In one example, the face portion  1555  may have a thickness of less than or equal to 0.075 inch or 1.905 millimeters (e.g., the thickness of the cavity wall portion  1584 ). In another example, the face portion  1555  may have a thickness of less than or equal to 0.060 inch (1.524 millimeters). In yet another example, the face portion  1555  may have a thickness of less than or equal to 0.050 inch (1.270 millimeters). Further, the face portion  1555  may have a thickness of less than or equal to 0.030 inch (0.762 millimeters). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In the example of  FIGS. 17 and 18 , a golf club head  1700  may include a body portion  1710 . The body portion  1710  may include a toe portion  1730 , a heel portion  1740 , a front portion  1750 , a rear portion  1760 , a top portion  1770 , and a sole portion  1780 . The body portion  1710  may be manufactured via various manufacturing methods and/or processes (e.g., a casting process, a forging process, a milling process, a cutting process, a grinding process, a welding process, a combination thereof, etc.). The body portion  1710  may be partially or entirely made of an aluminum-based material (e.g., a high-strength aluminum alloy or a composite aluminum alloy coated with a high-strength alloy), a magnesium-based material, a stainless steel-based material, a titanium-based material, a tungsten-based material, any combination thereof, and/or other suitable types of materials. Alternatively, the body portion  1710  may be partially or entirely made of non-metal material (e.g., composite, plastic, etc.). The golf club head  1700  may be a putter-type golf club head (e.g., a blade-type putter, a mid-mallet-type putter, a mallet-type putter, etc.). Based on the type of putter as mentioned above, the body portion  1710  may be at least 200 grams. For example, the body portion  1710  may be in a range between 300 to 600 grams. Although  FIGS. 17 and 18  may depict a particular type of golf club head, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may be applicable to other types of golf club heads (e.g., a driver-type golf club head, a fairway wood-type golf club head, a hybrid-type golf club head, an iron-type golf club head, etc.). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The body portion  1710  may include a hosel portion  1745  configured to receive a shaft (not shown) with a grip (not shown). The golf club head  1700  and the grip may be located on opposite ends of the shaft to form a golf club. The front and rear portions  1750  and  1760 , respectively, may be on opposite ends of the body portion  1710 . The front portion  1750  may include a face portion  1755  (e.g., a strike face). The face portion  1755  may be used to impact a golf ball. The face portion  1755  may be associated with a loft plane that defines the loft angle of the golf club head  1700 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The body portion  1710  may include one or more weight ports and one or more weight portions similar to any of the golf club heads described herein. For example, the body portion  1710  may include a first set of weight ports  1720  at or proximate the rear portion  1760 . In the examples of  FIGS. 17-22 , the rear portion  1760  may include a back wall portion  1762  having a first weight port  1722  of the first set of weight ports  1720  and a second weight port  1724  of the first set of weight ports  1720 . The first weight port  1722  may be closer to the toe portion  1730  than the second weight port  1724 . The second weight port  1724  may be closer to the heel portion  1740  than the first weight port  1722 . The first and second weight ports  1722  and  1724 , respectively, may be at any location on the back wall portion  1762  or the rear portion  1760 . Alternatively, the body portion  1710  may not include any weight ports on the back wall portion  1762 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In the example of  FIGS. 17-22 , the body portion  1710  may include a second set of weight ports  1840  as shown in  FIG. 20  proximate to the heel portion  1740  and extending between the toe portion  1730  and the heel portion  1740 . The second set of weight ports  1840  may include any number of weight ports, such as three weight ports as shown in  FIG. 20  as weight ports  1842 ,  1843 , and  1844 . The body portion  1710  may include a third set of weight ports  1860  that may be located near the toe portion  1730  and extend between the toe portion  1730  and the heel portion  1740 . The third set of weight ports  1860  may include any number of weight ports, such as three weight ports similar to the weight ports of the second set of weight ports  1840 . The second and third sets of weight ports  1840  and  1860 , respectively, may be similar to each other and symmetrically arranged relative to a midpoint of the body portion  1710 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The golf club head  1700  may include a plurality of weight portions. Each weight port of the first, second, and third sets of weight ports  1720 ,  1840 , and  1860  may be configured to receive a weight portion. For example, the first and second weight ports  1722  and  1724  of the first set of weight ports  1720  may receive weight portions  1732  and  1734 , respectively. The weight ports  1842 ,  1843 , and  1844  of the second set of weight ports  1840  may receive weight portions  1852 ,  1853 , and  1854 , respectively. The weight ports of the third set of weight ports  1860  may receive weight portions similar to the second set of weight ports  1840 . In the example of  FIG. 22 , a weight port  1862  of the third set of weight ports  1860  is shown to have received a weight portion  1872 . The configurations of the weight ports and the weight portions (e.g., inner diameter, outer diameter, size, shape, distance from an adjacent weight port or weight portion, etc.) of the golf club head  1700  may be similar in many respects to the weight ports and weight portions of any of the golf club heads descried herein. Accordingly, a detailed description of the weight ports and weight portions of the golf club  1700  is not described. Alternatively, the body portion  1710  may not include any weight ports and/or weight portions. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In the example of  FIGS. 17-22 , the face portion  1755  may include a separate piece or an insert coupled to the body portion  1710 . The face portion  1755  may include a face insert  1756 , which may be attached to the front portion  1750  via any manufacturing methods and/or processes (e.g., a bonding process, a welding process, a brazing process, a mechanical locking method, a mechanical fastening method, any combination thereof, or other suitable types of manufacturing methods and/or processes). In one example shown in  FIGS. 17 and 19 , the face insert  1756  may include two fastener holes  1758  proximate to the toe portion and heel portion of the face insert  1756 . Each of the fastener holes  1758  may be configured to receive a fastener  1763  for attachment of the face insert  1756  to the body portion  1710 . The body portion  1710  may include two fastener ports  1768  (one fastener port  1768  shown in  FIG. 19 ) configured to receive the fasteners  1763 . Each fastener port  1768  may have internal threads that are configured to engage external threads on the fasteners  1763 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The face portion  1755  may include a peripheral recessed portion  1772  configured to receive the face insert  1756 . As shown by example in  FIGS. 19-22 , the depth of the peripheral recessed portion  1772  may be similar to the thickness of the face insert  1756  such that when the face insert  1756  is fastened to the body portion  1710 , the face insert  1756  is positioned flush or substantially flush with the face portion  1755 . Alternatively, the face insert  1756  may project from the face portion  1755 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The fasteners  1763  may have similar or different weights to balance and/or provide heel or toe weight bias for the golf club  1700 . For example, the weight of the body portion  1710  may be increased or decreased by similarly increasing or decreasing, respectively, the weights of the fasteners  1763 . In one example, the golf club head  1700  may be provided with a toe-biased weight configuration by having the fastener  1763  that is closer to the toe portion  1730  be heavier than the fastener  1763  that is closer to the heel portion  1740 . Conversely, the golf club head  1700  may be provided with a heel-biased weight configuration by having the fastener  1763  that is closer to the heel portion  1740  be heavier than the fastener  1763  that is closer to the toe portion  1730 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     To attach the face insert  1756  to the body portion  1710 , the face insert  1756  may be inserted in the peripheral recessed portion  1772 , thereby generally aligning the fastener holes  1758  of the face insert  1756  and the fastener ports  1768  of the body portion  1710 . The fasteners  1763  can be inserted through the fastener holes  1758  and screwed into the fastener ports  1768  to securely attach the face insert  1756  to the body portion  1710 . The face insert  1756  may be constructed from any material such as metal, metal alloys, plastic, wood, composite materials or a combination thereof to provide a certain ball striking characteristic to the golf club head  1700 . The material from which the face insert  1756  is manufactured may affect ball speed and spin characteristics. Accordingly, the face insert  1756  may be selected to provide a certain ball speed and spin characteristics for an individual. Thus, the face insert  1756  may be interchangeable with other face inserts having different ball speed and spin characteristics. The face insert  1756  may be coupled to the body portion  1710  by other methods or devices, such as by bonding, welding, adhesive and/or other types of fastening devices and/or methods. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The body portion  1710  may include an interior cavity  1782  extending between the front portion  1750  and the rear portion  1760  and between the toe portion  1730  and the heel portion  1740 . In one example as shown in  FIGS. 20-22 , the interior cavity  1782  may be defined by a recess  1784  in the front portion  1750  that is covered by the face insert  1756 . The recess  1784  may extend from near the toe portion  1730  to near the heel portion  1740  and from near the top portion  1770  to near the sole portion  1780 . Alternatively, the recess  1784  may extend between the fastener ports  1768  of the body portion  1710 . In one example, the recess  1784  may be located in and/or near the regions of the face portion  1755  that generally strike a golf ball. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The interior cavity  1782  may be associated with a cavity height  1786  (H C ) and the body portion  1710  may be associated with a body height  1788  (H B ). While the cavity height  1786  and the body height  1788  may vary between the toe and heel portions  1730  and  1740 , the cavity height  1786  may be at least 50% of a body height  1788  (H C &gt;0.5*H B ). For example, the cavity height  1786  may vary between 70% and 85% of the body height  1788 . With the cavity height  1786  of the interior cavity  1782  being greater than 50% of the body height  1788 , the golf club head  1700  may produce relatively more consistent feel, sound, and/or result when the golf club head  1700  strikes a golf ball via the face portion  1755  than a golf club head with a cavity height of less than 50% of the body height. However, the cavity height  1786  may be less than 50% of the body height  1788 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In one example, the interior cavity  1782  may be unfilled (i.e., empty space). Alternatively, the interior cavity  1782  may be partially or entirely filled with a filler material  1792  to absorb shock, isolate vibration, and/or dampen noise when the face portion  1755  strikes a golf ball. The filler material  1792  may be an elastic polymer or elastomer material (e.g., a viscoelastic urethane polymer material such as Sorbothane® material manufactured by Sorbothane, Inc., Kent, Ohio), a thermoplastic elastomer material (TPE), a thermoplastic polyurethane material (TPU), and/or other suitable types of materials to absorb shock, isolate vibration, and/or dampen noise. For example, at least 50% of the interior cavity  1782  may be filled with a TPE material to absorb shock, isolate vibration, and/or dampen noise when the golf club head  1700  strikes a golf ball via the face portion  1755 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In another example, the filler material  1792  may be a polymer material such as an ethylene copolymer material to absorb shock, isolate vibration, and/or dampen noise when the golf club head  1700  strikes a golf ball via the face portion  1755 . In particular, at least 50% of the interior cavity  1782  may be filled with a high density ethylene copolymer ionomer, a fatty acid modified ethylene copolymer ionomer, a highly amorphous ethylene copolymer ionomer, an ionomer of ethylene acid acrylate terpolymer, an ethylene copolymer comprising a magnesium ionomer, an injection moldable ethylene copolymer that may be used in conventional injection molding equipment to create various shapes, an ethylene copolymer that can be used in conventional extrusion equipment to create various shapes, and/or an ethylene copolymer having high compression and low resilience similar to thermoset polybutadiene rubbers. For example, the ethylene copolymer may include any of the ethylene copolymers associated with DuPont′ High-Performance Resin (HPF) family of materials (e.g., DuPont′ HPF AD1172, DuPont′ HPF AD1035, DuPont® HPF 1000 and DuPont™ HPF 2000), which are manufactured by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company of Wilmington, Del. The DuPont′ HPF family of ethylene copolymers are injection moldable and may be used with conventional injection molding equipment and molds, provide low compression, and provide high resilience. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The interior cavity  1782  may be partially or fully filled with the filler material  1792 . In one example, the recess  1784  may be filled with the filler material  1792  prior to attaching the face insert  1756  to the face portion  1755 . In one example, the interior cavity  1782  may be filled with the filler material  1792  via any one of the first and second weight ports  1722  or  1724  of the first set of weight ports  1720 . In one example as shown in  FIG. 20 , the second weight port  1724  may be connected to the interior cavity  1782  via an opening  1794 . Similarly, the first weight port  1722  may be connected to the interior cavity  1782  via an opening (not shown). The filler material  1792  may be injected in the interior cavity  1782  from the second weight port  1724  via the opening  1794 . As the filler material  1792  fills the interior cavity  1782 , the air inside the interior cavity  1782  that is displaced by the filler material  1792  may exit the interior cavity  1782  from the first weight port  1722  through the opening (not shown) that connects the first weight port  1722  to the interior cavity  1782 . Accordingly, the first weight port  1722  may function as an exit port for the displaced air inside the interior cavity  1782 . After the interior cavity  1782  is partially or fully filled with the filler material  1792 , the first and second weight ports  1722  and  1724  may be closed by inserting and securing weight portions  1732  and  1734 , respectively, therein as described in detail herein. Alternatively, the filler material  1792  may be injected in the interior cavity  1782  from the first weight port  1722  while the second weight port  1724  functions as an exit port for the displaced air inside the interior cavity  1782 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     For example, at least 50% of the interior cavity  1782  may be filled with the filler material  1792  to absorb shock, isolate vibration, dampen noise, and/or provide structural support when the golf club head  1700  strikes a golf ball via the face portion  1755 . With the support of the back wall portion  1762  and filling at least a portion of the interior cavity  1782  with the filler material  1792 , the face portion  1755  may be relatively thin without degrading the structural integrity, sound, and/or feel of the golf club head  1700 . In one example, the face portion  1755  may have a thickness of less than or equal to 0.075 inch (1.905 millimeters). In another example, the face portion  1755  may have a thickness of less than or equal to 0.060 inch (1.524 millimeters). In yet another example, the face portion  1755  may have a thickness of less than or equal to 0.050 inch (1.270 millimeters). Further, the face portion  1755  may have a thickness of less than or equal to 0.030 inch (0.762 millimeters). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In one example, the face portion  1755  may be in one-piece with the body portion  1710  or be an integral part of the body portion  1710  (not shown). The body portion  1710  may include an interior cavity near the face portion  1755  that may be similar in many respects to the interior cavity  1782 . However, unlike the interior cavity  1782  which may be partially defined by the face insert  1756 , an interior cavity of the body portion  1710  having a one-piece face portion  1755  may be an integral part of the body portion  1710 . The interior cavity may be partially or fully filled with a filler material  1792  via the first and second weight ports  1722  and/or  1724  as described in detail herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In the example of  FIGS. 23-31 , a golf club head  2300  may include a body portion  2310 . The body portion  2310  may include a toe portion  2330 , a heel portion  2340 , a front portion  2350 , a rear portion  2360 , a top portion  2370 , and a sole portion  2380 . The body portion  2310  may be manufactured via various manufacturing methods and/or processes (e.g., a casting process, a forging process, a milling process, a cutting process, a grinding process, a welding process, a combination thereof, etc.). The body portion  2310  may be partially or entirely made of an aluminum-based material (e.g., a high-strength aluminum alloy or a composite aluminum alloy coated with a high-strength alloy), a magnesium-based material, a stainless steel-based material, a titanium-based material, a tungsten-based material, any combination thereof, and/or other suitable types of materials. Alternatively, the body portion  2310  may be partially or entirely made of non-metal material (e.g., composite, plastic, etc.). The golf club head  2300  may be a putter-type golf club head (e.g., a blade-type putter, a mid-mallet-type putter, a mallet-type putter, etc.). Based on the type of putter as mentioned above, the body portion  2310  may be at least 200 grams. For example, the body portion  2310  may be in a range between 300 to 600 grams. Although  FIGS. 23-31  may depict a particular type of golf club head, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may be applicable to other types of golf club heads (e.g., a driver-type golf club head, a fairway wood-type golf club head, a hybrid-type golf club head, an iron-type golf club head, etc.). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The body portion  2310  may include a hosel portion  2345  configured to receive a shaft (not shown) with a grip (not shown). The golf club head  2300  and the grip may be located on opposite ends of the shaft to form a golf club. Alternatively, the body portion  2310  may include a bore (not shown) for receiving the shaft (not shown). The front and rear portions  2350  and  2360 , respectively, may be on opposite ends of the body portion  2310 . The front portion  2350  may include a face portion  2355  (e.g., a strike face). The face portion  2355  may be used to impact a golf ball. The face portion  2355  may be associated with a loft plane that defines the loft angle of the golf club head  2300 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 23 and 27 , for example, the body portion  2310  may include two or more weight regions, generally shown as a first weight region  2412  and a second weight region  2512 . The first weight region  2412  may include a first weight platform portion  2414  having a first set of weight ports  2420  (e.g., shown as weight ports  2421 ,  2422 ,  2423 ,  2424 , and  2425 ). Each weight port of the first set of weight ports  2420  is configured to receive a weight portion of a first set of weight portions  2430  (e.g. shown as weight portions  2431 ,  2432 ,  2433 ,  2434  and  2435 ). The second weight region  2512  may include a second weight platform portion  2514  having a second set of weight ports  2520  (e.g., shown as weight ports  2521 ,  2522 ,  2523 ,  2524 , and  2525 ). Each weight port of the second set of weight ports  2520  is configured to receive a weight portion of a second set of weight portions  2530  (e.g. shown as weight portions  2531 ,  2532 ,  2533 ,  2534  and  2535 ). Each weight portion of the first set of weight portions  2430  may be interchangeable with each weight portion of the second set of weight portions  2530 . Accordingly, each weight port of the first set of weight ports  2420  and the second set of weight ports  2520  may be configured to interchangeably receive any of the weight portions of the first set of weight portions  2430  or the second set of weight portions  2530 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The first weight platform portion  2414  and the second weight platform portion  2514  may have a weight platform portion length (L up )  2715  that may be greater than about 40% of a body portion length (L B )  2895  ( FIG. 28 ). In one example, the weight platform portion length  2715  may be greater than 50% of the body portion length  2895 . In one example, the weight platform portion length  2715  may be greater than 60% of the body portion length  2895 . In one example, the weight platform portion length  2715  may be greater than 70% of the body portion length  2895 . Accordingly, the mass of each of the first and second weight platform portions  2414  and  2514  may be distributed along a substantial portion of the body portion length  2895 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The masses of the first and second weight platform portions  2414  and  2514  may be moved laterally outward on the body portion  2310 . The mass of each of the first and second weight platform portions  2414  and  2514  may be between 5% and 30% of the mass of the body portion  2310  including the mass of the first weight platform portion  2414  and the second weight platform portion  2514 . In one example, the mass of each of the first and second weight platform portions  2414  and  2514  may be between about 3% and about 13% of the mass of the body portion  2310  if the first and second weight platform portions  2414  and  2514  are made from relatively lighter metals such as metals including titanium or titanium alloys. In another example, the mass of each of the first and second weight platform portions  2414  and  2514  may be between about 8% and about 21% of the mass of the body portion  2310  if the first and second weight platform portions  2414  and  2514  are made from metals including steel. In yet another example, the mass of each of the first and second weight platform portions  2414  and  2514  may be between about 10% and about 30% of the mass of the body portion  2310  if the first and second weight platform portions  2414  and  2514  are made from relatively heavier metals such as metals including magnesium or magnesium alloys. Accordingly, between about 3% and about 30% of the mass of the body portion  2310  may be redistributed to the toe portion  2330  and the heel portion  2340  by the first and second weight platform portions  2414  and  2514  from other parts of the body portion  2310 . Further, the first weight platform portion  2414  may be located at or proximate to the periphery of the toe portion  2330  and the second weight platform portion  2514  may be located at or proximate to the periphery of the heel portion  2340 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Each weight port of the first set of weight ports  2420  may have a first port diameter (PD 1 ). In particular, a uniform distance of less than the first port diameter may separate any two adjacent weight ports of the first set of weight ports  2420  (e.g., (i) weight ports  2421  and  2422 , (ii) weight ports  2422  and  2423 , (iii) weight ports  2423  and  2424 , or (iv) weight ports  2424  and  2425 ). In one example, the first port diameter may be about 0.25 inch (6.35 millimeters) and any two adjacent weight ports of the first set of weight ports  2420  may be separated by 0.1 inch (2.54 millimeters). Each weight port of the second set of weight ports  2520  may have a second port diameter (PD 2 ). A uniform distance of less than the second port diameter may separate any two adjacent weight ports of the second set of weight ports  2520  (e.g., (i) weight ports  2521  and  2522 , (ii) weight ports  2522  and  2523 , (iii) weight ports  2523  and  2524 , or (iv) weight ports  2524  and  2525 ). For example, the second port diameter may be about 0.25 inch (6.35 millimeters) and any two adjacent weight ports of the second set of weight ports  2520  may be separated by 0.1 inch (2.54 millimeters). The first and second port diameters may be equal to each other (i.e., PD 1 =PD 2 ). Alternatively, the first and second port diameters may be different. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The first weight platform portion  1414 , the first set of weight ports  2420  (weight ports  2421 ,  2422 ,  2423 ,  2424 , and  2425 ), and/or the first set of weight portions  2430  (weight portions  2431 ,  2432 ,  2433 ,  2434 , and  2435 ) may form a first visual guide portion  2442 . The second weight platform portion  2514 , the second set of weight ports  2520  (weight ports  2521 ,  2522 ,  2523 ,  2524 , and  2525 ), and/or the second set of weight portions  2530  (weight portions  2531 ,  2532 ,  2533 ,  2534 , and  2535 ) may form a second visual guide portion  2542 . The first weight region  2412  may be located at or proximate to a periphery of the toe portion  2330  of the golf club head  2300 . Accordingly, the first visual guide portion  2442  may be located at or proximate to the periphery of the toe portion  2330 . The second weight region  2512  may be located at or proximate to the periphery of the heel portion  2340  of the golf club head  2300 . Accordingly, the second visual guide portion  2542  may be located at or proximate to the periphery of the heel portion  2340 . The first weight platform portion  2414  and/or any of the weight portions of the first set of weight portions  2430  may have distinct colors, markings and/or other visual features so as to be visually distinguished from the surrounding portions of the body portion  2310 . Similarly, the second weight platform portion  2514  and/or any of the weight portions of the second set of weight portions  2530  may have distinct colors, markings and/or other visual features so as to be visually distinguished from the surrounding portions of the body portion  2310 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The golf club head  2300  may also include a third visual guide portion  2642 , which may be substantially equidistant from the first and second visual guide portions  2442  and  2542 . For example, the third visual guide portion  2642  may extend between the front and rear portions  2350  and  2360  located at or proximate to a center of the body portion  2310 . The third visual guide portion  2642  may be the same as or different from the first and/or second visual guide portions  2442  and  2542 , respectively. In one example, the third visual guide portion  2642  may be a recessed line portion having a certain color. In another example, the third visual guide portion  2642  may include a plurality of weight ports (not shown) with a plurality of weight portions (not shown) received therein. Alternatively, the third visual guide portion  2642  may be defined by a raised portion of the top portion  2370 . The third visual guide portion  2642  may be similar in many respects to any of the visual guide portions described herein. Therefore, a detailed description of the third visual guide portion  2642  is not provided. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The first and second sets of weight portions  2430  and  2530 , respectively, may have similar or different physical properties (e.g., density, shape, mass, volume, size, color, etc.). The first and second sets of weight portions  2430  and  2530 , respectively, may include threads to secure in the weight ports of the first and second sets of weight ports  2420  and  2520 , respectively. The physical properties of the weight portions of the first and second sets of weight portions  2430  and  2530 , respectively, may be similar in many respects to any of the weight portions described herein. Therefore, a detailed description of the physical properties of the weight portions of the first and second sets of weight portions  2430  and  2530 , respectively, is not provided. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The first weight platform portion  2414  may be attached to the body portion  2310  with any one or more weight portions of the first set of weight portions  2430  or the second set of weight portions  2530 . The body portion  2310  may include a plurality of toe side threaded bores (not shown) on the top portion  2370  at or proximate to the toe portion  2330 . When the first weight platform portion  2414  is placed on the top portion  2370  at or proximate to the periphery of the toe portion  2330  as shown in  FIGS. 23 and 27 , for example, the toe side threaded bores may generally align with the weight ports of the first set of weight ports  2420 . When a weight portion of the first set of weight portions  2430  or the second set of weight portions  2530  is inserted in a weight port of the first set of weight ports  2420 , the weight portion extends through a corresponding one of the toe side threaded bores of the body portion  2310  such that the threads on the weight portion engage the corresponding threads in the toe side threaded bore. The weight portion can then be screwed into the corresponding toe side threaded bore to fasten the first weight platform portion  2414  on the body portion  2310 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The second weight platform portion  2514  may be attached to the body portion  2310  with any one or more weight portions of the first set of weight portions  2430  or the second set of weight portions  2530 . The body portion  2310  may include a plurality of heel side threaded bores (not shown) on the top portion  2370  at or proximate to the heel portion  2340 . When the second weight platform portion  2514  is placed on the top portion  2370  at or proximate to the periphery of the heel portion  2340  as shown in  FIGS. 23 and 27 , for example, the heel side threaded bores generally align with the weight ports of the second set of weight ports  2520 . When a weight portion of the first set of weight portions  2430  or the second set of weight portions  2530  is inserted in a weight port of the second set of weight ports  2520 , the weight portion extends through a corresponding one of the heel side threaded bores of the body portion  2310  such that the threads on the weight portion engage the corresponding threads in the heel side threaded bore. The weight portion can then be screwed into the corresponding heel side threaded bore to fasten the second weight platform portion  2514  on the body portion  2310 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Each of the weight portions of the first and second sets of weight portions  2430  and  2530 , respectively, may have sufficient length to extend through a weight port and into a corresponding threaded bore of the body portion  2310  as described herein to fasten the first weight platform portion  2414  and the second weight platform portion  2514  to the body portion  2310 . One or more weight portions of the first set of weight portions  2430  and/or one or more weight portions of the second set of weight portions  2530  may function both as weights for configuring a weight distribution of the golf club head  2300  and as fasteners for fastening the first weight platform portion  2414  and/or the second weight platform portion  2514  on the body portion  2310 . Alternately, the first weight platform portion  2414  and/or the second weight platform portion  2514  may be fastened on the body portion  2310  by using other types of fastening mechanisms such that one or more weight portions of the first set of weight portions  2430  and/or one or more weight portions of the second set of weight portions  2530  may only function as weight portions. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Each of the first and second weight platform portions  2414  and  2514 , respectively, may be partially or entirely made of an aluminum-based material (e.g., a high-strength aluminum alloy or a composite aluminum alloy coated with a high-strength alloy), a magnesium-based material, a stainless steel-based material, a titanium-based material, a tungsten-based material, any combination thereof, and/or other suitable types of materials. The first and second weight platform portions  2414  and  2514 , respectively, may have a similar mass or different masses to optimally affect the weight distribution, center or gravity location, and/or moment of inertia of the golf club head  2300 . Each of the first and second weight platform portions  2414  and  2514  may function as an added weight for the body portion  2310  and as a platform for receiving additional weights for the body portion  2310  in the form of the first and second sets of weight portions  2430  and  2530 . Thus, the physical properties and the materials of construction of the first and second weight platform portions  2414  and/or  2514  may be determined to optimally affect the weight, weight distribution, center of gravity (CG), moment of inertia (MOI) characteristics, structural integrity and/or or other static and/or dynamic characteristics of the golf club head  2300 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In one example, the face portion  2355  may be in one-piece with the body portion  2310  or be an integral part of the body portion  2310  (not shown). The face portion  2355  may include a separate piece or an insert coupled to the body portion  2310 . The face portion  2355  may include a face insert  2356 , which may be attached to the front portion  2350  via any manufacturing methods and/or processes (e.g., a bonding process, a welding process, a brazing process, a mechanical locking method, a mechanical fastening method, any combination thereof, or other suitable types of manufacturing methods and/or processes). In one example shown in  FIGS. 23-25 , the face insert  2356  may include two fastener holes  2358  proximate to the toe portion and heel portion of the face insert  2356 . Each of the fastener holes  2358  may be configured to receive a fastener  2362  for attachment of the face insert  2356  to the body portion  2310 . The body portion  2310  may include two fastener ports (not shown) configured to receive the fasteners  2362 . The fasteners  2362  may be similar or substantially similar to the weight portions of the first set of weight portions  2430  and/or the weight portions of the second set of weight portions  2530 . Accordingly, the fasteners  2362  may function both as weights for configuring a weight distribution of the golf club head  2300  and as fasteners for fastening the face insert  2356  to the face portion  2355 . Each fastener port may have internal threads that are configured to engage external threads on the fasteners  2362 . The fastener ports of the body portion  2310  may be similar in many respects to the fastener ports  1768  of the golf club head  1700  described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The face portion  2355  may include a peripheral recessed portion  3172  (shown in  FIG. 31 ) configured to receive the face insert  2356 . As shown by example in  FIG. 31 , the depth of the peripheral recessed portion  3172  may be similar to the thickness of the face insert  2356  such that when the face insert  2356  is fastened to the body portion  2310 , the face insert  2356  is positioned flush or substantially flush with the face portion  2355 . Alternatively, the face insert  2356  may project from the face portion  2355 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     As described, the fasteners  2362  may be similar or substantially similar to the weight portions of the first set of weight portions  2430  and/or the weight portions of the second set of weight portions  2530  so that the fasteners  2362  may function to configure the weight distribution of the golf club head  2300 . Accordingly, the fasteners  2362  may have similar or different weights to balance and/or provide heel or toe weight bias for the golf club  2300 . For example, the weight of the body portion  2310  may be increased or decreased by similarly increasing or decreasing, respectively, the weights of the fasteners  2362 . In one example, the golf club head  2300  may be provided with a toe-biased weight configuration by having the fastener  2362  that is closer to the toe portion  2330  be heavier than the fastener  2362  that is closer to the heel portion  2340 . Conversely, the golf club head  2300  may be provided with a heel-biased weight configuration by having the fastener  2362  that is closer to the heel portion  2340  be heavier than the fastener  2362  that is closer to the toe portion  2330 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     To attach the face insert  2356  to the body portion  2310 , the face insert  2356  may be inserted in the peripheral recessed portion  3172 , thereby generally aligning the fastener holes  2358  of the face insert  2356  and the fastener ports (not shown) of the body portion  2310 . The fasteners  2362  can be inserted through the fastener holes  2358  and screwed into the fastener ports of the body portion  2310  to securely attach the face insert  2356  to the body portion  2310 . The face insert  2356  may be constructed from any material such as metal, metal alloys, plastic, wood, composite materials or a combination thereof to provide a certain ball striking characteristic to the golf club head  2300 . The material from which the face insert  2356  is manufactured may affect ball speed and spin characteristics. Accordingly, the face insert  2356  may be selected to provide a certain ball speed and spin characteristics for an individual. Thus, the face insert  2356  may be interchangeable with other face inserts having different ball speed and spin characteristics. The face insert  2356  may be coupled to the body portion  2310  by other methods or devices, such as by bonding, welding, adhesive and/or other types of fastening devices and/or methods. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The body portion  2310  may include an interior cavity  3182  (shown in  FIG. 31 ) extending between the front portion  2350  and the rear portion  2360  and between the toe portion  2330  and the heel portion  2340 . The interior cavity  3182  may be open or accessible at the face portion  2355  and/or at the sole portion  2380 . Accordingly, the interior cavity  3182  may have a first opening  3176  at the face portion  2355  and/or a second opening  3178  at the sole portion  2380 . The interior cavity  3182  allows the mass of the body portion  2310  to be removed at or around the center portion of the body portion  2310  so that removed mass may be redistributed to the toe portion  2330  and the heel portion  2340  using the first weight platform portion  2414  and the second weight platform portion  2514  without affecting or substantially affecting the overall mass of the golf club head  2300 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In one example as shown in  FIGS. 28 and 31 , the interior cavity  3182  may be covered at the face portion  2355  by the face insert  2356  and at the sole portion  2380  by a cover or sole plate  3180 . In one example, the sole plate  3180  may have a mass between 7% and 17% of the mass of the golf club head  2300 . In one example, the sole plate  3180  may have a mass between 10% and 15% of the mass of the golf club head  2300 . As described herein, the interior cavity  3182  allows the mass of the body portion  2310  to be removed at or around the center portion of the body portion  2310 . The removed mass can be also redistributed to the sole portion  2380  using the sole plate  3180  to lower the CG of the golf club head  2300  without affecting or substantially affecting the overall mass of the golf club head  2300 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The sole plate  3180  may be attached to the sole portion  2380  with one or more fasteners. In the example of  FIGS. 24 and 28-31 , the sole plate  3180  may be attached to the sole portion  2380  with fasteners  3081 ,  3082 , and  3083  to cover the second opening  3178  of the interior cavity  3182  at the sole portion  2380 . Each of the fasteners  3081 ,  3082 , and  3083  may have a threaded portion that is configured to engage a correspondingly threaded bore  3190  (shown in  FIG. 31 ) in the body portion  2310 . The fasteners  3081 ,  3082 , and/or  3083  may be similar or substantially similar to the weight portions of the first set of weight portions  2430  and/or the weight portions of the second set of weight portions  2530 . Accordingly, the fasteners  3081 ,  3082 , and/or  3083  may function both as weights for configuring a weight distribution of the golf club head  2300  and as fasteners for fastening the sole plate  3180  to the sole portion  2380 . The fasteners  3081 ,  3082 , and/or  3083  may also lower the CG of the golf club head  2300  by adding more mass to the sole portion  2380  without affecting or substantially affecting the overall mass of the golf club head  2300  as described herein with respect to the sole plate  3180 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The sole plate  3180  may be partially or entirely made of an aluminum-based material (e.g., a high-strength aluminum alloy or a composite aluminum alloy coated with a high-strength alloy), a magnesium-based material, a stainless steel-based material, a titanium-based material, a tungsten-based material, any combination thereof, and/or other suitable types of materials. The physical properties and the materials of construction of the sole plate  3180  may be determined to optimally affect the weight, weight distribution, CG, MOI characteristics, structural integrity and/or or other static and/or dynamic characteristics of the golf club head  2300 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The interior cavity  3182  may extend from near the toe portion  2330  to near the heel portion  2340  and from near the top portion  2370  to near the sole portion  2380 . Alternatively, the interior cavity  3182  may extend between the front portion  2350  and the rear portion  2360  and include a portion of the body portion  2310  between the toe portion  2330  and near the heel portion  2340  and between the top portion  2370  and near the sole portion  2380 . In one example, a portion of the interior cavity  3182  may be located proximate to the regions of the face portion  2355  that generally strike a golf ball. In one example, the interior cavity  3182  may be only at the face portion  2355  similar to the interior cavity  1782  of the golf club head  1700  described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The interior cavity  3182  proximate to the face portion  2355  may be associated with a cavity height  3186  (H C ), and the body portion  2310  proximate to the face portion  2355  may be associated with a body height  3188  (H B ). While the cavity height  3186  and the body height  3188  may vary between the toe and heel portions  2330  and  2340 , the front and rear portions  2350  and  2360 , and the top and sole portions  2370  and  2380 , the cavity height  3186  may be at least 50% of the body height  3188  (H C &gt;0.5*H B ) proximate to the face portion  2355  or an any location of the interior cavity  3182 . For example, the cavity height  3186  may vary between 70% and 85% of the body height  3188 . With the cavity height  3186  of the interior cavity  3182  being greater than 50% of the body height  3188 , the golf club head  2300  may produce relatively more consistent feel, sound, and/or result when the golf club head  2300  strikes a golf ball via the face portion  2355  than a golf club head with a cavity height of less than 50% of the body height. However, the cavity height  3186  may be less than 50% of the body height  3188 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In one example, the interior cavity  3182  may be unfilled (i.e., empty space). Alternatively, the interior cavity  3182  may be partially or entirely filled with a filler material (not shown) to absorb shock, isolate vibration, and/or dampen noise when the face portion  2355  strikes a golf ball. The filler material may be an elastic polymer or elastomer material (e.g., a viscoelastic urethane polymer material such as Sorbothane® material manufactured by Sorbothane, Inc., Kent, Ohio), a thermoplastic elastomer material (TPE), a thermoplastic polyurethane material (TPU), and/or other suitable types of materials to absorb shock, isolate vibration, and/or dampen noise. For example, at least 50% of the interior cavity  3182  may be filled with a TPE material to absorb shock, isolate vibration, and/or dampen noise when the golf club head  2300  strikes a golf ball via the face portion  2355 . In one example, the mass of the filler material (e.g., TPE, TPU, etc.) may be between 3% and 13% of the mass of the golf club head  2300 . In one example, the mass of the filler material may be between 6% and 10% of the mass of the golf club head  2300 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In another example, the filler material may be a polymer material such as an ethylene copolymer material to absorb shock, isolate vibration, and/or dampen noise when the golf club head  2300  strikes a golf ball via the face portion  2355 . In particular, at least 50% of the interior cavity  3182  may be filled with a high density ethylene copolymer ionomer, a fatty acid modified ethylene copolymer ionomer, a highly amorphous ethylene copolymer ionomer, an ionomer of ethylene acid acrylate terpolymer, an ethylene copolymer comprising a magnesium ionomer, an injection moldable ethylene copolymer that may be used in conventional injection molding equipment to create various shapes, an ethylene copolymer that can be used in conventional extrusion equipment to create various shapes, and/or an ethylene copolymer having high compression and low resilience similar to thermoset polybutadiene rubbers. For example, the ethylene copolymer may include any of the ethylene copolymers associated with DuPont′ High-Performance Resin (HPF) family of materials (e.g., DuPont′ HPF AD1172, DuPont′ HPF AD1035, DuPont® HPF 1000 and DuPont™ HPF 2000), which are manufactured by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company of Wilmington, Del. The DuPont′ HPF family of ethylene copolymers are injection moldable and may be used with conventional injection molding equipment and molds, provide low compression, and provide high resilience. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The interior cavity  3182  may be partially or fully filled with the filler material. In one example, the interior cavity  3182  may be filled with the filler material from the first opening  3176  and/or the second opening  3178  prior to attaching the face insert  2356  and/or the sole plate  3180 , respectively, to the body portion  2310 . In one example, the interior cavity  3182  may be filled with the filler material after the face insert  2356  and the sole plate  3180  are attached to the body portion  2310  by injecting the filler material into the interior cavity  3182  through one or more ports (not shown) on the sole plate  3180 . The filler material may be injected into the interior cavity  3182  from one or more ports on the sole plate  3180  while the air inside the interior cavity  3182  that is displaced by the filler material may exit the interior cavity  3182  from one or more other ports on the sole plate  3180 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     For example, at least 50% of the interior cavity  3182  may be filled with the filler material to absorb shock, isolate vibration, dampen noise, and/or provide structural support when the golf club head  2300  strikes a golf ball via the face portion  2355 . With the filler material, the face portion  2355  may be relatively thin without degrading the structural integrity, sound, and/or feel of the golf club head  2300 . In one example, the face portion  2355  may have a thickness of less than or equal to 0.075 inch (1.905 millimeters). In another example, the face portion  2355  may have a thickness of less than or equal to 0.060 inch (1.524 millimeters). In yet another example, the face portion  2355  may have a thickness of less than or equal to 0.050 inch (1.270 millimeters). Further, the face portion  2355  may have a thickness of less than or equal to 0.030 inch (0.762 millimeters). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In the example of  FIGS. 32-39 , a golf club head  3200  may include a body portion  3210  having a toe portion  3230 , a heel portion  3240 , a front portion  3250 , a rear portion  3260 , a top portion  3270 , and a sole portion  3280 . The body portion  3210  may include a hosel portion  3245  having a stem portion  3247  configured to receive a shaft  3248  with a grip (not shown). The grip may be on one end of the shaft  3248  and the golf club head  3200  on the opposite end of the shaft  3248  to form a golf club. Alternatively, the body portion  3210  may include a bore (not shown) for receiving the shaft  3248 . The front and rear portions  3250  and  3260 , respectively, may be on opposite ends of the body portion  3210 . The front portion  3250  may include a face portion  3255  (e.g., a strike face). The face portion  3255  may be used to impact a golf ball. The face portion  3255  may be associated with a loft plane that defines the loft angle of the golf club head  3200 . The body portion  3210  may be manufactured by any method and/or processes including the methods and/or processes described herein. The body portion  3210  may be partially or entirely made from any material including any of the materials described herein. The body portion  3210  may be any type of golf club head having a certain volume. Although  FIGS. 32-39  may depict a particular type of golf club head, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may be applicable to other types of golf club heads (e.g., a driver-type golf club head, a fairway wood-type golf club head, a hybrid-type golf club head, an iron-type golf club head, etc.). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The top portion  3270  may include an upper portion  3272  and a lower portion  3274 . The upper portion  3272  of the top portion  3270  may extend from the front portion  3250  toward the rear portion  3260 . The upper portion  3272  may transition into the lower portion  3274  by a back wall portion  3276  and a center portion  3278 . The back wall portion  3276  may be opposite the face portion  3255 . The center portion  3278  may extend from the front portion  3250  to the rear portion  3260  and may be equidistant from the toe portion  3230  and the heel portion  3240 . The center portion  3278  may include side walls  3381  and  3383  that extend from the back wall portion  3276  to the rear portion  3260 . Accordingly, the center portion  3278  defines a toe side portion  3232  of the lower portion  3274  and a heel side portion  3242  of the lower portion  3274 . The center portion  3278  may include a recess portion  3279  that extends from the upper portion  3272  to the lower portion  3274 . The center portion  3278  may include an intermediate portion  3275  located in the recess portion  3279 . The intermediate portion  3275  may be positioned higher than the lower portion  3274  and lower than the upper portion  3272 . In other words, the intermediate portion  3275  may be positioned between the lower portion  3274  and the upper portion  3272 . In one example, the intermediate portion  3275  may serve as a platform for the hosel portion  3245 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In one example, as shown in  FIGS. 32-39 , the hosel portion  3245  may be located at or proximate a central area  3246  of the body portion  3210  such that a center axis  3648  of the shaft  3248  may pass through or pass near a CG  3610  of the golf club head  3200 . The stem portion  3247  and the shaft  3248  may be concentric, and therefore, the center axis  3648  may correspond to a centerline longitudinal axis that is common to both the stem portion  3247  and the shaft  3248 . The CG  3610  of the golf club head  3200  may be the origin of CG coordinate axes with a CG x-axis  3612 , a CG y-axis  3614 , and a CG z-axis  3616 . In one example, the CG x-axis  3612  may correspond to a transverse axis of the golf club head  3200 , the CG y-axis  3614  may correspond to a longitudinal axis of the golf club head  3200 , and the CG z-axis  3616  may correspond to a vertical axis of the golf club head  3200 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     For the center axis  3648  of the shaft  3248  to pass through or pass near the CG  3610  as described herein, any portion of the hosel portion  3245  may intersect or be located near a vertical plane that generally faces the front portion  3250  and the rear portion  3260  and is defined by the CG x-axis  3612  and the CG z-axis  3616  (i.e., the CG xz plane) and a vertical plane that generally faces the heel portion  3240  and the toe portion  3230  and is defined by the CG y-axis  3614  and the CG z-axis  3616  (i.e., the CG yz plane). Any portion of the hosel portion  3245  may also intersect or be located near a horizontal plane that generally faces the top portion  3270  and the sole portion  3280  and is defined by the CG x-axis  3612  and the CG y-axis  3614  (i.e., the CG xy plane). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In one example, as shown in  FIGS. 32-39 , the hosel portion  3245  may be located in the recess portion  3279  and/or in the lower portion  3274  of the top portion  3270 . In other words, the hosel portion  3245  may be located as low as possible on the body portion  3210  so as to be as close as possible to the horizontal plane defined by the CG x-axis  3612  and the CG y-axis  3614  (i.e., the CG xy plane). Accordingly, the recess portion  3279  allows the hosel portion  3245  to intersect or be located near the horizontal plane defined by the CG x-axis  3612  and the CG y-axis  3614  (i.e., the CG xy plane). In another example, the hosel portion  3245  may be located at any vertical location relative to the CG  3610  as long as the center axis  3648  of the shaft  3248  passes through or passes near the CG  3610  of the golf club head  3200  as described herein. For example, the hosel portion  3245  may be located at or proximate (e.g., directly above) the CG  3610 . In an alternative example, the golf club head  3200  may not include the recess portion  3279  and may be similar to the golf club head  2300  of  FIGS. 23-31 . As such, and in the absence of the recess portion  3279 , the hosel portion  3245  may be located at a more elevated position on the top portion  3270  while the center axis  3648  of the shaft  3248  passes through or passes near the CG  3610  of the golf club head  3200  as described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In the example of  FIGS. 32-39 , at least the stem portion  3247  of the hosel portion  3245  may be tilted relative to a top surface  3291  of the intermediate portion  3275 . Additionally or alternatively, at least the stem portion  3247  of the hosel portion  3247  may be tilted relative to the CG Z-axis  3616 . In one example, at least the stem portion  3247  of the hosel portion  3245  may lean in a forward direction toward the front portion  3250  and either the heel portion  3240  or the toe portion  3230 . Alternatively, at least the stem portion  3247  of the hosel portion  3245  may lean in a rearward direction toward the rear portion  3260  and either the heel portion  3240  or the toe portion  3230 . Alternatively still, at least the stem portion  3247  of the hosel portion  3245  may lean in a direction toward only the front portion  3250 , only the rear portion  3260 , only the heel portion  3240 , or only the toe portion  3230 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In one example, the center axis  3648  of the shaft  3248  may intersect the CG z-axis  3616  at a point (e.g., point  3891  shown in  FIGS. 36-39 ) located above the CG  3610  such that the center axis  3648  of the shaft  3248  and the CG  3610  are separated by a distance  3849  in the horizontal plane that is defined by the CG x-axis  3612  and the CG y-axis  3614  (i.e., the CG xy plane). The distance  3849  between the center axis  3648  of the shaft  3248  and the CG  3610  may be greater than or equal to 0.0 inch and less than or equal to about 0.25 inch (0.635 cm). In another example, the distance  3849  between the center axis  3648  of the shaft  3248  and the CG  3610  may be greater than or equal to 0.0 inch and less than or equal to about 0.2 inch (0.508 cm). In yet another example, the distance  3849  between the center axis  3648  of the shaft  3248  and the CG  3610  may be greater than or equal to 0.0 inch and less than or equal to about 0.1 inch (0.254 cm). With respect to any of the foregoing examples, the distance  3849  may correspond to the shortest distance from the CG  3610  to the center axis  3648  of the shaft  3248 . Alternatively, the distance  3948  may correspond to some other distance from the CG  3610  to the center axis  3648  of the shaft  3248 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In the example of  FIGS. 32-39 , the body portion  3210  may include a first weight region  3412  and a second weight region  3512 . The first weight region  3412  may be located on the toe side  3232  of the lower portion  3274  and include a first weight platform portion  3414  having a first set of weight ports  3420  (e.g., shown as weight ports  3421 ,  3422 ,  3423 ,  3424 , and  3425 ) configured to receive a weight portion of a first set of weight portions  3430  (e.g. shown as weight portions  3431 ,  3432 ,  3433 ,  3434 , and  3435 ). The second weight region  3512  may be located on the heel side  3242  of the lower portion  3274  and include a second weight platform portion  3514  having a second set of weight ports  3520  (e.g., shown as weight ports  3521 ,  3522 ,  3523 ,  3524 , and  3525 ) configured to receive a weight portion of a second set of weight portions  3530  (e.g. shown as weight portions  3531 ,  3532 ,  3533 ,  3534 , and  3535 ). The weight regions  3412  and  3512 , the first and second weight platform portions  3414  and  3514 , the first set of weight ports  3420  (e.g., shown as weight ports  3421 ,  3422 ,  3423 ,  3424 , and  3425 ), the second set of weight ports  3520  (e.g., shown as weight ports  3521 ,  3522 ,  3523 ,  3524 , and  3525 ), the first set of weight portions  3430  (e.g. shown as weight portions  3431 ,  3432 ,  3433 ,  3434 , and  3435 ), and the second set of weight portions  3530  (e.g. shown as weight portions  3531 ,  3532 ,  3533 ,  3534 , and  3535 ) may be similar in many respects to the weight regions, weight platform portions, weight ports, and/or weight portions of the golf club head  2300  of  FIGS. 23-31 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The first weight platform portion  3414 , the first set of weight ports  3420  (e.g., weight ports  3421 ,  3422 ,  3423 ,  3424 , and  3425 ), and/or the first set of weight portions  3430  (e.g., weight portions  3431 ,  3432 ,  3433 ,  3434 , and  3435 ) may form a first visual guide portion  3442 . The second weight platform portion  3514 , the second set of weight ports  3520  (weight ports  3521 ,  3522 ,  3523 ,  3524 , and  3525 ), and/or the second set of weight portions  3530  (weight portions  3531 ,  3532 ,  3533 ,  3534 , and  3535 ) may form a second visual guide portion  3542 . The golf club head  3200 , and more particularly, the center portion  3278  may also include a third visual guide portion  3642 , which may be substantially equidistant from the first and second visual guide portions  3442  and  3542 . For example, the third visual guide portion  3642  may extend between the front and rear portions  3250  and  3260  located at or proximate to a center of the body portion  3210 . The third visual guide portion  3642  may have a first portion  3643  that may extend from the rear portion  3260  to the recess portion  3279  and a second portion  3645  that may be aligned with the first portion  3643  and extend from the recess portion  3279  to the front portion  3250 . Accordingly, the first and second portions  3643  and  3645  of the third visual guide portion  3642  may be separated from one another by the recess portion  3279 , and the hosel portion  3245  and the shaft  3248  may be positioned between the first and second portions  3643  and  3645  of the third visual guide portion  3642 . The third visual guide portion  3642  may be the same as or different from the first and/or second visual guide portions  3442  and  3542 , respectively. In one example, the third visual guide portion  3642  may be a recessed line portion having a certain color. Accordingly, the first portion  3643  may be recessed line portion and the second portion  3645  may be a recessed line portion. In another example, the third visual guide portion  3642  may include a plurality of weight ports (not shown) with a plurality of weight portions (not shown) received therein. Alternatively, the third visual guide portion  3642  may be defined by a raised portion of the top portion  3270 . The third visual guide portion  3642  may be similar in many respects to any of the visual guide portions described herein. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In one example, the remaining portions of the golf club head  3200  may be similar in many respects to the golf club head  2300  of  FIGS. 23-31 . For example, the face portion  3255  may include a face insert (not shown), which may be attached to the front portion  3250  with fasteners (not shown). In another example, the body portion  3210  may include an interior cavity (not shown) and a cover or sole plate (not shown) that may be attached to the sole portion  3280  with fasteners (not shown) to cover an opening (not shown) of the interior cavity. In another example, the interior cavity may be unfilled or filled partially or fully with a filler material. Alternatively, the golf club head  3200  may not be similar in many respects to the golf club head  2300  of  FIGS. 23-31 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 40-42 , for example, a golf club head  4000  may include a body portion  4010  having a toe portion  4030 , a heel portion  4040 , a front portion  4050  with a face portion  4055 , a rear portion  4060 , a top portion  4070 , and a sole portion  4080 . In the example of  FIGS. 40-42 , the golf club head  4000  may include a hosel portion  4045  coupled to a shaft  4090  to form a golf club. Alternatively, the golf club head  4000  may include a bore to receive the shaft  4090 . Although not shown in the example of  FIGS. 40-42 , the golf club head  4000  may include a plurality of weight ports, weight portions and/or visual guide portions that may be similar in many respects to other example golf club heads described herein. Furthermore, the golf club head  4000  may be similar in many respects including methods and materials of manufacture to any of the golf club heads described herein. Therefore, a detailed description of the various features of the golf club head  4000  that may be similar in many respects to any of the golf club heads described herein is not provided. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The golf club head  4000  may be a putter-type golf club head (e.g., a blade-type putter, a mid-mallet-type putter, a mallet-type putter, etc.). Based on the type of putter as mentioned above, the body portion  4010  may be at least 200 grams. For example, the body portion  4010  may be in a range between 300 to 600 grams. Although  FIGS. 40-42  may depict a particular type of club head, the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may be applicable to other types of club heads (e.g., a driver-type club head, a fairway wood-type club head, a hybrid-type club head, an iron-type golf club head, etc.). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The golf club head  4000  may have a CG  4100 . Referring to  FIG. 41 , the body portion  4010  may be divided into four quadrants based on the CG  4100 . For example, the four quadrants may include a toe-rear quadrant  4110 , a heel-rear quadrant  4120 , a heel-front quadrant  4130  and a toe-front quadrant  4140 . The front portion quadrants  4130  and  4140  and the rear portion quadrants  4110  and  4120  may be separated by a first plane  4148  that intersects the CG  4100  and extends laterally across body portion  4010 . The first plane  4148  may be vertical and may be parallel or substantially parallel with the face portion  4055 . The toe portion quadrants  4110  and  4140  and the heel portion quadrants  4120  and  4130  may be separated by a second plane  4152  that intersects the CG  4100  and is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the first plane  4148 . The second plane  4152  may be vertical and may extend in a fore- and aft direction to bisect the body portion  4010 . In the example of  FIGS. 40-42 , the hosel portion  4045  may be provided at a recessed portion  4072  of the top portion  4070 . The hosel portion  4045  may be centrally located behind the CG  4100  and aft of the body portion  4010 . Accordingly, the hosel portion  4045  may be bisected by the second plane  4152  and may be equidistant from the toe portion  4030  and the heel portion  4040 . Alternatively, the hosel portion  4045  may be located in the toe-rear quadrant  4110  or the heel-rear quadrant  4120 . The hosel portion  4045  may have a forward tilt (e.g., toward the face portion  4055 ) with no lateral tilt toward the toe portion  4030  or the heel portion  4040 . Alternatively, the hosel portion  4045  may be upright, substantially upright, or exhibit tilt in a direction toward the front portion  4050 , the toe portion  4030 , the heel portion  4040 , the rear portion  4060 , or any possible combination thereof. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In the example of  FIGS. 40-42 , the shaft  4090  may include a first shaft portion  4092  and a second shaft portion  4094 . The first shaft portion  4092  may be coupled to the hosel portion  4045 . For example, the first shaft portion  4092  may receive the hosel portion  4045  therein to attach the shaft  4090  to the body portion  4010 . In another example (not shown), the hosel portion  4045  may receive the first shaft portion  4092  therein. In yet another example (not shown), the first shaft portion  4092  may be received inside a bore formed in the body portion  4010 . The second shaft portion  4094  may extend from the first shaft portion  4092  to a grip portion (not shown) that may be held by an individual using the golf club. The second shaft portion  4094  may have a center axis  4097  that forms a shaft angle  4096  with a center axis  4099  of the first shaft portion  4092 . In one example, the center axis  4097  of the second shaft portion  4094  may intersect the body portion  4010  in the toe-rear quadrant  4110 . The shaft angle  4096  may be in the range of about 15° to about 25°, and more preferably, may be 20° or about 20°. The center axis  4097  may pass through an intersection point  4098  at the same height as the CG  4100  in the toe-rear quadrant  4110 . The quadrant location of the intersection point  4098  may be determined based on the location of the hosel portion  4045  relative to the CG  4100 , the tilt of the hosel portion  4045 , the length of the first shaft portion  4092 , and/or the shaft angle  4096  between the first shaft portion  4092  and the second shaft portion  4094 . Thus, while the intersection point  4098  may be described herein as having the same height as the CG  4100  and being located in the toe-rear quadrant  4110 , the intersection point  4098  may otherwise be located at a different height as the CG  4100  and/or in a different quadrant than the toe-rear quadrant  4110 . In one example, the intersection point  4098  may have a distance from the CG  4100  in the toe-heel direction of between about 0.1 inches (0.25 cm) and about 2.5 inches (6.4 cm). In one example, the intersection point  4098  may have a distance from the CG  4100  in the front-rear direction of between about 0.1 inches (0.25 cm) and about 2.5 inches (6.4 cm). The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The CG of a golf club head may be determined by placing the shaft of the golf club head on a flat and horizontal surface such as a tabletop with the golf club head extending or hanging from the flat surface and being allowed to rotate freely. The golf club head then freely rotates until a stable hanging position is reached, which corresponds to the CG of the golf club head being vertically below and aligned with the shaft axis. The angle of rotation of the toe of the golf club head measured between the face portion and the horizontal or the flat surface may be referred to as the toe hang angle. A face balanced putter has a toe hang angle of about 0°. In other words, the face portion of a face balanced putter remains horizontal when determining the CG of the putter as described. In the example of  FIGS. 40-42 , the shaft  4090  is connected aft of the body portion and behind the CG  4100  and the center axis  4097  of the second shaft portion  4094  passes through the toe-rear quadrant  4110  or intersects the body portion  4010  in the toe-rear quadrant  4110 . As a result, the intersection point  4098  and the CG  4100  may be aligned vertically along a vertical line  4160  as shown in  FIG. 42  and the golf club head  4000  may have a toe hang angle  4200  that may be greater than 90° and less than 180° as measured between the face portion  4055  (orientation of the face portion  4055  is illustrated in  FIG. 42  with line  4212 ) and a horizontal axis  4210 . The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     As discussed herein, the hosel portion  4045  may have a forward tilt and the first shaft portion  4092  and the second shaft portion  4094  may be bent relative to each other to enable the center axis  4097  of the second shaft portion  4094  to intersect the body portion  4010  at a point (e.g., intersection point  4098 ) located behind the CG  4100  and aft of the body portion  4010 . In one example, the CG  4100 , the intersection point  4098 , and a base portion  4046  of the hosel portion  4045  may all be located on a third plane  4154  located between the top portion  4070  and the sole portion  4080  and extending between the front portion  4050  and the rear portion  4060 . The third plane  4154  may be horizontal or substantially horizontal and may be perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the first and second planes  4148  and  4152 . A line  4156  extending through the intersection point  4098  and a center point  4047  of the base portion  4046  may be parallel with the first plane  4148  and/or the face portion  4055 . Accordingly, the intersection point  4098  and the center point  4047  may be the same distance from the face portion  4055 . The CG  4100 , the intersection point  4098 , and the center point  4047  may each define a vertex of an imaginary right triangle  4150  having a hypotenuse  4151  formed between the CG  4100  and the intersection point  4098 . The imaginary right triangle  4150  may coincide with the third plane  4154  and represents a balance profile of the golf club. Advantageously, a putter-type golf club employing the balance profile described herein may feel more stable or balanced during a putting stroke. Accordingly, less effort may be required to move the golf club along an intended path, and as a result, an individual using the golf club may experience greater success in keeping the golf club head along the intended path, thereby producing a more accurate strike onto a golf ball. In alternative examples, the feel (e.g., stability, balance) of a golf club may be selected by adopting a balance profile represented by a different geometric shape and/or positioned in a different spatial orientation relative the first, second, and third planes  4148 ,  4152 , and  4154 . This may be accomplished by varying one or more of the CG  4100  location, the hosel portion  4045  position, and the intersection point  4098  location. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     As an additional benefit, the first shaft portion  4092  and the second shaft portion  4094  may define a bent portion  4190  usable in conjunction with a visual guide portion  4192  adjacent the face portion  4055  and extending between the front and rear portions  4050  and  4060  to provide an alignment aid for an individual at an address position. The visual guide portion  4192  may be equidistant from the toe portion  4030  and the heel portion  4040  and may be bisected by the second plane  4152 . In use, an individual may simply align the bent portion  4190  and the visual guide portion  4192  in a target direction (e.g., target direction  4194 ) to help square the face portion  4055  toward a target, and as such, benefit from improved accuracy when striking a golf ball with the golf club. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     In the example of  FIG. 43 , a method  4300  of assembling a golf club is generally shown. For purposes of illustration, the method  4300  is described herein with reference to the example golf club head  4000  and shaft  4090  shown in  FIGS. 40-42 . A golf club head (e.g., golf club head  4000 ) may be provided having a body portion with a hosel portion located behind a CG of the body portion and aft with respect thereto (block  4310 ). The hosel portion may be oriented with a forward tilt toward a face portion of the body portion (block  4320 ). In one example, the hosel portion may be oriented with no lateral tilt toward the toe portion or the heel portion. A shaft (e.g., shaft  4090 ) may be provided with a bent portion defined by a first shaft portion and a second shaft portion (block  4330 ). As described herein, the first shaft portion and the second shaft portion may each have a corresponding center axis that form a shaft angle therebetween. The shaft may be secured to the body portion by receiving the hosel portion within the first shaft portion and orienting the shaft so that the center axis of the second shaft portion passes through a point located behind the CG and aft of the body portion (block  4340 ). As described herein, the point may have the same height as the CG and may be located in a toe-rear quadrant of the body portion. In alternative examples, the point may be located in other quadrants or behind the body portion altogether. A visual guide portion may be located at a top portion of the body portion (block  4350 ). As described herein, the visual guide portion may be aligned with the bent portion of the shaft in a target direction to assist an individual in squaring the golf club to a golf ball at an address position. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may include one or more club identifiers (e.g., a serial number, a matrix barcode, a brand name, a model, a club number, a loft angle, a character, etc.). For example, any of the golf club heads described herein may include a visual indicator such as a club number to identify the type of golf club. In one example, the club number may correspond to the loft angle of the golf club head (e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9). In one example, a 7-iron type golf club head may be marked with “7”. In another example, a 54-degree wedge type golf club head may be marked “54”. In yet another example, a 10.5-degree driver type golf club head may be marked “10.5.” Any marking(s) associated with a club identifier may be visually differentiated (e.g., different color, texture, pattern, etc.) from the rest of the golf club head. The club identifier may be a trademark to identify a brand or a model of the golf club head. The club identifier may be another type of visual indicator such as a product number or a serial number to identify the golf club head as authentic equipment, to track inventory, or to distinguish the golf club head from fake or counterfeit products. Alternatively, the club identifier may be a digital signature or a machine-readable optical representation of information or data about the golf club head (e.g., numeric character(s), alphanumeric character(s), byte(s), a one-dimensional barcode such as a Universal Product Code (UPC), a two-dimensional barcode such as a Quick Response (QR) code, etc.). The club identifier may be placed at various locations on the golf club head (e.g., the hosel portion, the face portion, the sole portion etc.) using various methods (e.g., painted, laser etched, stamped, casted, or molded onto the golf club head). For example, the club identifier may be a serial number laser etched onto the hosel portion of the golf club head. Instead of being an integral part of the golf club head, the club identifier may be a separate component coupled to the golf club head (e.g., a label adhered via an adhesive or an epoxy). 
     The terms “and” and “or” may have both conjunctive and disjunctive meanings. The terms “a” and “an” are defined as one or more unless this disclosure indicates otherwise. The term “coupled” and any variation thereof refer to directly or indirectly connecting two or more elements chemically, mechanically, and/or otherwise. The phrase “removably connected” is defined such that two elements that are “removably connected” may be separated from each other without breaking or destroying the utility of either element. 
     The term “substantially” when used to describe a characteristic, parameter, property, or value of an element may represent deviations or variations that do not diminish the characteristic, parameter, property, or value that the element may be intended to provide. Deviations or variations in a characteristic, parameter, property, or value of an element may be based on, for example, tolerances, measurement errors, measurement accuracy limitations and other factors. The term “proximate” is synonymous with terms such as “adjacent,” “close,” “immediate,” “nearby”, “neighboring”, etc., and such terms may be used interchangeably as appearing in this disclosure. 
     The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may be implemented in a variety of embodiments, and the foregoing description of some of these embodiments does not necessarily represent a complete description of all possible embodiments. Instead, the description of the drawings, and the drawings themselves, disclose at least one embodiment, and may disclosure alternative embodiments. 
     As the rules of golf may change from time to time (e.g., new regulations may be adopted or old rules may be eliminated or modified by golf standard organizations and/or governing bodies such as the United States Golf Association (USGA), the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews (R&amp;A), etc.), golf equipment related to the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may be conforming or non-conforming to the rules of golf at any particular time. Accordingly, golf equipment related to the apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein may be advertised, offered for sale, and/or sold as conforming or non-conforming golf equipment. The apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture described herein are not limited in this regard. 
     Although certain example apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture have been described herein, the scope of coverage of this disclosure is not limited thereto. On the contrary, this disclosure covers all apparatus, methods, and articles of articles of manufacture fairly falling within the scope of the appended claims either literally or under the doctrine of equivalents.