Patent Publication Number: US-2023164646-A1

Title: Utilization of regular measurements for early measurement reporting

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This description relates to wireless communications, and in particular, early measurement reporting. 
     BACKGROUND 
     A communication system may be a facility that enables communication between two or more nodes or devices, such as fixed or mobile communication devices. Signals can be carried on wired or wireless carriers. 
     An example of a cellular communication system is an architecture that is being standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). A recent development in this field is often referred to as the long-term evolution (LTE) of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) radio-access technology. E-UTRA (evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access) is the air interface of 3GPP’s Long Term Evolution (LTE) upgrade path for mobile networks. In LTE, base stations or access points (APs), which are referred to as enhanced Node AP or Evolved Node B (eNBs), provide wireless access within a coverage area or cell. In LTE, mobile devices, or mobile stations are referred to as user equipments (UE). LTE has included a number of improvements or developments. 
     5G New Radio (NR) development is part of a continued mobile broadband evolution process to meet the requirements of 5G, similar to earlier evolution of 3G &amp; 4G wireless networks. In addition, 5G is also targeted at the new emerging use cases in addition to mobile broadband. A goal of 5G is to provide significant improvement in wireless performance, which may include new levels of data rate, latency, reliability, and security. 5G NR may also scale to efficiently connect the massive Internet of Things (IoT), and may offer new types of mission-critical services. Ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) devices may require high reliability and very low latency. 
     SUMMARY 
     Various example implementations are described and/or illustrated. The details of one or more examples of implementations are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims. 
     A method, apparatus, and a computer-readable storage medium are provided for using regular measurements for early measurement reporting. In an example implementation, the method may include a user equipment determining that the user equipment is configured for enhanced early measurement reporting, performing cell reselection measurements based at least on a cell reselection configuration, and using the reselection measurements for early measurement reporting when the user equipment is configured for enhanced early measurement reporting. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a block diagram of a wireless network according to an example implementation. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates an enhanced early measurement reporting (EMR) procedure, according to an example implementation. 
         FIG.  3    illustrates another enhanced early measurement reporting (EMR) procedure, according to an additional example implementation. 
         FIG.  4    is a flow chart illustrating an enhanced early measurement reporting (EMR) procedure, according to an example implementation. 
         FIG.  5    is a flow chart illustrating another enhanced early measurement reporting (EMR) procedure, according to an example implementation. 
         FIG.  6    illustrates utilization of reselection measurements for early measurement reporting, according to an example implementation. 
         FIG.  7    is a flow chart illustrating utilization of reselection measurements for early measurement reporting, according to an example implementation. 
         FIG.  8    is a block diagram of a node or wireless station (e.g., base station/access point or mobile station/user device/UE), according to an example implementation. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG.  1    is a block diagram of a wireless network  130  according to an example implementation. In the wireless network  130  of  FIG.  1   , user devices (UDs)  131 ,  132 ,  133  and  135 , which may also be referred to as mobile stations (MSs) or user equipment (UEs), may be connected (and in communication) with a base station (BS)  134 , which may also be referred to as an access point (AP), an enhanced Node B (eNB), a next-generation Node B (gNB) or a network node. At least part of the functionalities of an access point (AP), base station (BS), (e)Node B (eNB), or gNB may also be carried out by any node, server or host which may be operably coupled to a transceiver, such as a remote radio head. BS (or AP)  134  provides wireless coverage within a cell  136 , including to user devices  131 ,  132 ,  133  and  135 . Although only four user devices are shown as being connected or attached to BS  134 , any number of user devices may be provided. BS  134  is also connected to a core network  150  via a S1 interface  151 . This is merely one simple example of a wireless network, and others may be used. 
     A user device (user terminal, user equipment (UE)) may refer to a portable computing device that includes wireless mobile communication devices operating with or without a subscriber identification module (SIM), including, but not limited to, the following types of devices: a mobile station (MS), a mobile phone, a cell phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handset, a device using a wireless modem (alarm or measurement device, etc.), a laptop and/or touch screen computer, a tablet, a phablet, a game console, a notebook, and a multimedia device, as examples, or any other wireless device. It should be appreciated that a user device may also be a nearly exclusive uplink only device, of which an example is a camera or video camera loading images or video clips to a network. 
     In LTE (as an example), core network  150  may be referred to as Evolved Packet Core (EPC), which may include a mobility management entity (MME) which may handle or assist with mobility/handover of user devices between BSs, one or more gateways that may forward data and control signals between the BSs and packet data networks or the Internet, and other control functions or blocks. In 5G, 5G Packet Core (5GC) provides the capabilities provided by EPC in 4G/LTE. 
     In addition, by way of illustrative example, the various example implementations or techniques described herein may be applied to various types of user devices or data service types, or may apply to user devices that may have multiple applications running thereon that may be of different data service types. New Radio (5G) development may support a number of different applications or a number of different data service types, such as for example: machine type communications (MTC), enhanced machine type communication (eMTC), Internet of Things (IoT), and/or narrowband IoT user devices, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), and ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC). 
     IoT may refer to an ever-growing group of objects that may have Internet or network connectivity, so that these objects may send information to and receive information from other network devices. For example, many sensor type applications or devices may monitor a physical condition or a status, and may send a report to a server or other network device, e.g., when an event occurs. Machine Type Communications (MTC or machine to machine communications) may, for example, be characterized by fully automatic data generation, exchange, processing and actuation among intelligent machines, with or without intervention of humans. Enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) may support much higher data rates than currently available in LTE. 
     Ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) is a new data service type, or new usage scenario, which may be supported for New Radio (5G) systems. This enables emerging new applications and services, such as industrial automations, autonomous driving, vehicular safety, e-health services, and so on. 3GPP targets in providing up to e.g., 1 ms U-Plane (user/data plane) latency connectivity with 1-1e-5 reliability, by way of an illustrative example. Thus, for example, URLLC user devices/UEs may require a significantly lower block error rate than other types of user devices/UEs as well as low latency. Thus, for example, a URLLC UE (or URLLC application on a UE) may require much shorter latency, as compared to an eMBB UE (or an eMBB application running on a UE). 
     The various example implementations may be applied to a wide variety of wireless technologies or wireless networks, such as LTE, LTE-A, 5G, IoT, MTC, eMTC, eMBB, URLLC, etc., or any other wireless network or wireless technology. These example networks, technologies or data service types are provided only as illustrative examples. 
     Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO) may refer to a technique for increasing the capacity of a radio link using multiple transmit and receive antennas to exploit multipath propagation. MIMO may include the use of multiple antennas at the transmitter and/or the receiver. MIMO may include a multi-dimensional approach that transmits and receives two or more unique data streams through one radio channel. For example, MIMO may refer to a technique for sending and receiving more than one data signal simultaneously over the same radio channel by exploiting multipath propagation. According to an illustrative example, multi-user multiple input, multiple output (multi-user MIMIO, or MU-MIMO) enhances MIMO technology by allowing a base station (BS) or other wireless node to simultaneously transmit or receive multiple streams to different user devices or UEs, which may include simultaneously transmitting a first stream to a first UE, and a second stream to a second UE, via a same (or common or shared) set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) (e.g., where each PRB may include a set of time-frequency resources). 
     Also, a BS may use precoding to transmit data to a UE (based on a precoder matrix or precoder vector for the UE). For example, a UE may receive reference signals or pilot signals, and may determine a quantized version of a DL channel estimate, and then provide the BS with an indication of the quantized DL channel estimate. The BS may determine a precoder matrix based on the quantized channel estimate, where the precoder matrix may be used to focus or direct transmitted signal energy in the best channel direction for the UE. Also, each UE may use a decoder matrix may be determined, e.g., where the UE may receive reference signals from the BS, determine a channel estimate of the DL channel, and then determine a decoder matrix for the DL channel based on the DL channel estimate. For example, a precoder matrix may indicate antenna weights (e.g., an amplitude/gain and phase for each weight) to be applied to an antenna array of a transmitting wireless device. Likewise, a decoder matrix may indicate antenna weights (e.g., an amplitude/gain and phase for each weight) to be applied to an antenna array of a receiving wireless device. This applies to UL as well when a UE is transmitting data to a BS. 
     For example, according to an example aspect, a receiving wireless user device may determine a precoder matrix using Interference Rejection Combining (IRC) in which the user device may receive reference signals (or other signals) from a number of BSs (e.g., and may measure a signal strength, signal power, or other signal parameter for a signal received from each BS), and may generate a decoder matrix that may suppress or reduce signals from one or more interferers (or interfering cells or BSs), e.g., by providing a null (or very low antenna gain) in the direction of the interfering signal, in order to increase a signal-to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of a desired signal. In order to reduce the overall interference from a number of different interferers, a receiver may use, for example, a Linear Minimum Mean Square Error Interference Rejection Combining (LMMSE-IRC) receiver to determine a decoding matrix. The IRC receiver and LMMSE-IRC receiver are merely examples, and other types of receivers or techniques may be used to determine a decoder matrix. After the decoder matrix has been determined, the receiving UE/user device may apply antenna weights (e.g., each antenna weight including amplitude and phase) to a plurality of antennas at the receiving UE or device based on the decoder matrix. Similarly, a precoder matrix may include antenna weights that may be applied to antennas of a transmitting wireless device or node. This applies to a receiving BS as well. 
     A user equipment (UE) may perform early measurement reporting (EMR) measurements while a timer, e.g., a T 331  timer is running. This consumes UE’s battery power. It is desirable that the UE perform EMR measurements only when measurements are required. Currently, a network node, e.g., a gNB/NR, can configure a UE to perform EMR measurements only when the UE transitions from a high-power radio resource control (RRC) state (e.g., RRC_CONNECTED) to a low power RRC state (e.g., INACTIVE, IDLE, etc.) and when the T 331  timer is still running which still causes unnecessary power consumption in case same frequency is not measured for reselection purposes. But if the UE only starts measurements shortly after connection is required then it is likely that no measurements are available (or measurements not reliable) when the reporting happens (e.g., in setup complete/resume complete message). For instance, a network node can command a UE to perform EMR measurements with RRC Release message with measIdleDuration (T 331 ). While the UE is in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE, T 331  is running, and SIB1 contains idleModeMeasurements, the UE performs EMR measurements. IdleModeMeasurements field in SIB1 indicates that the UE can include idle/inactive measurement report availability during connection establishment or resumption. EMR measurement configurations can be given in RRC Release or SIB11. When both RRC release and SIB11 contains the EMR configuration, the configuration in RRC Release takes precedence over SIB11 configuration. 
     For example, in wireless networks, a network node (e.g., gNB/eNB) may request a UE to measure New Radio (NR) and/or Evolved-Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) carriers in INACTIVE/ IDLE states via system information (SI) or dedicated measurement configuration in an RRC Release message. If the UE is configured to perform measurements of NR/E-UTRA carriers while in an IDLE state, it may provide an indication of the availability of corresponding measurement results to the network in an RRCSetupComplete message. The network may request the UE to report the measurements after security activation. The request for the measurements may be sent by the network immediately after transmitting the Security Mode Command (e.g., before the reception of the Security Mode Complete from the UE). However, if the UE is configured to perform measurements of NR/E-UTRA carriers while the UE is in an INACTIVE state, the network may request the UE to provide corresponding measurement results in an RRCResume message and then the UE may include the available measurement results in an RRCResumeComplete message. Alternatively, the UE may provide an indication of the availability of the measurement results to the network in the RRCResumeComplete message and the network may then request the UE to provide these measurement results. 
     Therefore, there is a desire and/or need to for good measurement results to be reported shortly after connection establishment starts such that Carrier aggregation (CA) or Dual Connectivity (DA) can be configured as early as possible. 
     The present disclosure describes an example enhanced early measurement reporting (EMR) procedure. The eEMR procedure in an example implementation may include determining that a user equipment is configured for eEMR and determining whether to initiate early measurement reporting measurements in response to determining that the user equipment is configured for enhanced early measurement reporting. The eEMR procedure may further include initiating the EMR measurements in response to determining to initiate the eEMR measurements. 
     The present disclosure describes a method, apparatus, and a computer-readable storage medium for using regular measurements for early measurement reporting. In an example implementation, the method may include a user equipment determining that the user equipment is configured for enhanced early measurement reporting, performing cell reselection measurements based at least on a cell reselection configuration, and using the reselection measurements for early measurement reporting when the user equipment is configured for enhanced early measurement reporting. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates an enhanced early measurement reporting (eEMR) procedure  200 , according to an example implementation. 
     At  210 , a UE, e.g., UE  202  may be in an RRC_CONNECTED state and may be in communication with a network node, e.g., gNB/gNB  204 . 
     At  212 , UE  202  may receive an RRC release message from gNB  204 . In an example implementation, the RRC release message may be sent (or transmitted) by the gNB to the UE to command the release or suspension of the RRC connection (e.g., with suspendConfig which may indicate configuration for RRC_INACTIVE state) when the UE is in an RRC_CONNECTED state. In an example implementation, the RRC release message may command the release of the RRC connection so that the UE may transition to an RRC_IDLE state. In another example implementation, the RRC release message may command suspension of the RRC connection so that the UE may transition to RRC_INACTIVE state. 
     In some implementations, the RRC release message may include several information elements (IEs) or parameters. In an example implementation RRC release message may include system information (SI), EMR configuration, eEMR configuration, T 331  timer value, etc. In an example implementation, the eEMR configuration may include an indication to the UE to save (or retain) the EMR configuration, that is received at  212 , upon expiration of the T 331  timer. In an example implementation, the RRC release message may contain information, e.g., a MeasIdleConfig Information Element (IE), for EMR measurements. The MeasIdleConfig IE may be used to convey information to the UE about measurements to be performed while the UE is in RRC_IDLE or RRC-INACTVE state. 
     At  214 , upon receiving of the RRC release message from the gNB, UE  202  may transition UE  202  to RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state, for example, to conserve UE power/battery and/or network resources. 
     Upon transitioning of the UE to RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state, at  216 , UE  202  may perform EMR measurements, as defined in TS 38.331. For example, 5.7.8 of TS 38.331 describes a procedure that specifies the measurements done by a UE in RRC_IDLE and RRC_INACTIVE states when the UE has an idle/inactive measurement configuration and the storage of the available measurements by a UE in RRC_IDLE and RRC_INACTIVE state. In some implementations, for example, UE  202  may perform EMR measurements when T 331  timer is running (e.g., T 331  timer not expired). The UE may perform the EMR measurements based at least on the EMR configuration received from gNB  204  at  212  (e.g., via an RRC message or SIB11). 
     At  218 , upon expiration of the T 331  timer, UE  202  may stop the EMR measurements. In other words, the UE may perform EMR measurements based at least on the EMR configuration and stop performing (e.g., measuring, collecting, etc.) the EMR measurements once T 331  timer expires. 
     Upon expiration of T 331  timer, at  220 , UE  202  may save the EMR configuration received at  212 . As the UE may delete the EMR configuration received from the gNB once T 331  timer expires, in some implementations, for example, UE  202  may save the EMR configuration received at  212  if the UE is configured with eEMR configuration. This allows for the UE to perform EMR measurements based at least on the EMR configuration even after the expiration of T 331  timer. In some implementations, for example, UE  202  may save the EMR configuration if the UE is configured for eEMR. 
     In some implementations, the UE may decide to save the EMR configuration upon expiration of T 331  timer if the UE is configured with eEMR configuration or supports eEMR. 
     Upon some time has elapsed at  222 , UE  202 , at  224 , may receive a wake-up signal/indication or paging message from gNB  204 . In some implementations, the UE may receive a wake-up signal/indication to wake up for receiving a paging message. In some implementations, for example, the wake-up signal/indication or paging message may include an indication to initiate EMR measurements at the UE and/or report the EMR measurements to the gNB. In some implementations, for example, the wake-up signal (WUS) may allow a UE to skip physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring for paging reception when in IDLE/INACTIVE state (or mode) or for OnDurations when there is no data transmission to be done in CONNECTED mode. If a network node intends to send a paging message to the UE or to schedule the UE, the network node may send wake up signalling to the UE during WUS occasion(s) to wake up the UE and the UE will then monitor the normal PDCCH for paging reception or scheduling data at the coming OnDuration. The WUS may be referred to as downlink control information (DCI) with cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by power saving radio network temporary identity (PS-RNTI), DCP, in third generation partnership project (3GPP). The WUS may be a reference signal or a sequence received/decoded by the UE. The WUS may be a special downlink control information (DCI) format which may wake-up individual UEs, group of UEs, or all UEs decoding the WUS. 
     At  226 , in response to the receiving of the wake-up signal/indication or paging message, UE  202  may start or initiate EMR measurements. In some implementations, for example, UE  202  may start EMR measurements based at least on the EMR configuration received at  212 . In some implementations, for example, the wake-up signal/indication or paging message may further indicate to the UE to perform EMR measurements. In addition, in some implementations, for example, the wake-up signal/indication or paging message may also indicate to the UE to report the EMR measurements to the gNB. In an example implementation, the UE may report the EMR measurements to the gNB when the UE transitions to RRC_CONNECTED state. 
     At  228 , UE  202  may perform connection establishment with the gNB and the gNB may configure carrier aggregation (CA) or dual connectivity (DC)configuration, transmit the EMR measurements (e.g., EMR report or EMR results) to the gNB. 
     At  230 , UE  202  may transition to RRC_CONNECTED state once the connection is established. In some implementations, for example, the UE may be configured with CA or DC. For example, if the UE provides EMR results that are good enough for CA or DC, the gNB may configure CA or DC for the UE. In an example implementation if the reported RSRP is good enough for cells a, b, and c, then the gNB may configure CA or DC with cells a, b, and/or c. 
     Thus, the UE after transitioning to an RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state may perform EMR measurements upon the expiration of T 331  timer in response to a wake-up signal/indication or paging message. The UE may perform the EMR measurements and collect measurement results after the expiration of T 331  timer based at least on the EMR configuration saved by the UE. The UE may save the EMR configuration in response to receiving eEMR configuration from the gNB. In other words, the UE may save the EMR configuration although the T 331  timer has expired. In some implementations, the UE may save the EMR configuration if the UE is configured for eEMR configuration or the UE supports eEMR configuration, for example, based on the 3GPP Specifications. 
       FIG.  3    illustrates another enhanced early measurement reporting (EMR) procedure  300 , according to an additional example implementation. 
     In some implementations, for example, the operations at  210  –  222  and  226  -  230  illustrated in  FIG.  3    may be same or similar to operations  210  –  222  and  226  -  230  illustrated in  FIG.  2   . 
     At  324 , UE  202  may detect the availability (presence) of uplink data in a buffer at the UE for transmission to gNB  204 . In response to the detection of the availability of uplink data for transmission, UE  202  may start EMR measurements and collect measurement results as described earlier in reference to  226  of  FIG.  2   . 
     Thus, the UE after transitioning to an RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state may perform EMR measurements upon/after the expiration of T 331  timer in response to detecting the availability of uplink data for transmission to the gNB. The UE may perform the EMR measurements after the expiration of T 331  timer based at least on the EMR configuration saved by the UE as described earlier in reference to  FIG.  2   . 
       FIG.  4    is a flow chart  400  illustrating enhanced early measurement reporting (EMR) procedure, according to an example implementation. 
     At block  410 , a UE, e.g., UE  202 , may determine that the user equipment is configured for enhanced early measurement reporting. 
     In some implementations, for example, the UE may be configured for eEMR configuration based at on an RRC message received from the gNB. In an additional example implementation, the RRC message may be an RRC release message or a SIB. In another additional example implementation, the UE may determine that the UE is configured for eEMR based on whether the UE supports eEMR. 
     At block  420 , the UE may determine whether to initiate early measurement reporting measurements based on an indication when the user equipment is configured for enhanced early measurement reporting. In some implementations, for example, when the UE is configured for enhanced early measurements reporting, the UE may initiate EMR measurements in response to receiving an indication, e.g., a wake-up signal/indication or paging message from the gNB. In an additional example implementation, the UE may initiate EMR measurements and collect measurement results in response to an indication which may be availability of uplink data in a buffer at the UE for transmission to the gNB. In an additional example implementation, the wake-up signal/indication or paging message may also indicate to the UE to report the EMR measurements to the gNB. 
     At block  430 , the UE may initiate the early measurement reporting measurements and collect the measurement results. In an example implementation, the UE may initiate the EMR in response to determining the EMR measurements are to be initiated. In an example implementation, the UE may initiate EMR measurements before, during, and/or after connection establishment, connection resume, and/or random procedures. 
     Optionally, in some implementations, for example, at block  440 , the UE may transmit the EMR measurements to the gNB. 
     Thus, the UE after transitioning to an RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state may perform EMR measurements upon/after the expiration of T 331  timer and may report the measurements to the gNB. 
       FIG.  5    is a flow chart  500  illustrating enhanced early measurement reporting (EMR) procedure, according to an example implementation. 
     At block  510 , a network node, e.g., gNB  204 , may transmit enhanced early measurement reporting configuration to a user equipment, e.g., UE  202 . 
     At block  520 , the network node may receive early measurement reporting measurements. In some implementations, for example, the early measurement reporting measurements may be collected at the UE based at least on the early measurement reporting configuration sent by the gNB. 
     Thus, the gNB may receive early measurement reporting measurements based at least on the enhanced early measurement reporting configuration sent to the user equipment. 
     Additional example implementations are described herein. 
     Example 1. A method of communications, comprising: determining, by a user equipment, that the user equipment is configured for enhanced early measurement reporting; determining, by the user equipment, whether to initiate early measurement reporting measurements based on an indication when the user equipment is configured for enhanced early measurement reporting; and initiating, by the user equipment, the early measurement reporting measurements in response to determining to initiate the early measurement reporting measurements. 
     Example 2. The method of Example 1, wherein the indication includes: a wake-up signal/indication or paging message received by the user equipment from the network node; or uplink data becomes available for transmission at the user equipment. 
     Example 3. The method of any of Examples 1-2, further comprising: transmitting the early measurement reporting measurements to a network node. 
     Example 4. The method of any of Examples 1-2, further comprising: sending a message to the network node indicating availability of the early measurement reporting measurements; receiving a request from the network node to send the available early measurement reporting measurements; and transmitting the early measurement reporting measurements to the network node. 
     Example 5. The method of any of Examples 1-4, wherein the wake-up signal/indication or paging message further indicates to the user equipment to perform the initiating and/or the transmitting of the early measurement reporting measurements to the network node. 
     Example 6. The method of any of Examples 1-5, wherein the early measurement reporting measurements are idle/inactive measurements. 
     Example 7. The method of any of Examples 1-6, wherein the user equipment is configured for enhanced early measurement reporting based at least on a radio resource control message from the network node. 
     Example 8. The method of any of Examples 1-7, wherein the radio resource control message is a radio resource control release message. 
     Example 9. The method of any of Examples 1-8, wherein the user equipment is configured for enhanced early measurement reporting based on whether the user equipment supports enhanced early measurement reporting. 
     Example 10. The method of any of Examples 1-9, further comprising: receiving by the user equipment early measuring reporting configuration from the network node; and saving the early measurement reporting configuration received by the user equipment from the network node upon expiration of a T 331  timer in response to determining that the user equipment is configured for enhanced early measurement reporting. 
     Example 11. The method of any of Examples 1-10, wherein the user equipment initiates, collects, or measures early measurement reporting measurements before, during, and/or after one or more of: connection establishment, connection resume, and random access procedures. 
     Example 12. The method of any of Examples 1-11, further comprising: terminating early measurement reporting measurements upon reporting of the early measurement reporting measurements to the network node. 
     Example 13. The method of any of Examples 1-12, wherein the network node is a gNB. 
     Example 14. A method of communications, comprising: transmitting, by a network node, enhanced early measurement reporting configuration to a user equipment; and receiving, by the network node, early measurement reporting measurements from the user equipment, the early measurement reporting measurements performed at the user equipment based at least on the enhanced early measurement reporting configuration. 
     Example 15. The method of Example 14, further comprising: transmitting enhanced early measurement reporting configuration to a user equipment, wherein the receiving of the early measurement reporting measurements from the user equipment is based at least on the enhanced early measurement reporting configuration and the early measurement reporting configuration. 
     Example 16. The method of any of Examples 14-15, further comprising: transmitting a wake-up signal/indication or paging message to the user equipment. 
     Example 17. The method of any of Examples 14-16, wherein the wake-up signal/indication or paging message includes an indication to initiate early measurement reporting measurements. 
     Example 18. The method of any of Examples 14-17, wherein the network node is a gNB. 
     Example 19. An apparatus comprising means for performing the method of any of Examples 1-18. 
     Example 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one processor, are configured to cause a computing system to perform the method of any of Examples 1-18. 
     Example 21. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform the method of any of Examples 1-18. 
       FIG.  6    illustrates utilization of reselection measurements for early measurement reporting  600 , according to an example implementation. 
     At  610 , a UE, e.g., UE  202  (of  FIG.  2   ) may be in an RRC_CONNECTED state and may be in communication with a network node, e.g., gNB (e.g., gNB  204  of  FIG.  2   ). 
     At  612 , UE  202  may receive an RRC release message from gNB  204 , described in detail earlier in reference to  212  of  FIG.  2   . 
     In some implementations, the RRC release message may include several information elements (IEs) or parameters. In an example implementation, the RRC release message may include EMR configuration, enhanced EMR (eEMR) configuration, T 331  timer value, etc. In an example implementation, the eEMR configuration may indicate to the UE to use EMR configuration to perform EMR measurements along with reselection measurements. 
     In an example implementation, the eEMR configuration may indicate one or more cells, e.g., cells [1, 2, 3] or frequencies, e.g., freqs [X, Y, Z] for performing EMR measurements and that the EMR measurements may be performed along with reselection measurements. In addition, in some implementations, the eEMR configuration may indicate to the UE that the UE, instead of performing EMR measurements, may use cell reselection measurements as EMR measurements (or EMR measurement results), described below in detail. 
     At  614 , upon receiving of the RRC release message from the gNB, UE  202  may transition UE  202  to RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state, for example, to conserve battery/power and/or network resources. 
     At  616 , UE  202  may receive system information (SI) from gNB  204 . In some implementations, for example, the system information may indicate cell reselection configuration (or cell reselection information). For example, the cell reselection configuration may include neighbor cell information, e.g., cells [1, 3] and/or freqs [X, Z] so that the UE may perform reselection measurements for cells [1, 3] and/or freqs [X, Z]. 
     In some implementations, for example, UE  202  may receive system information via one or more system information blocks (SIBs), e.g., SIB2, SIB3, SIB4, SIB5, etc. For example, SIB2 may contain cell re-selection information common for intra-frequency, inter-frequency, and/or inter-radio access technology (RAT) cell re-selection (e.g., may be applicable for more than one type of cell re-selection but not necessarily all) as well as intra-frequency cell re-selection information other than neighbouring cell related. SIB3 may contain neighbouring cell related information relevant only for intra-frequency cell re-selection. The relevant information element (IE) may include cells with specific re-selection parameters as well as blacklisted cells. SIB4 may contain information relevant only for inter-frequency cell re-selection, e.g., information about other NR frequencies and inter-frequency neighbouring cells relevant for cell re-selection. The relevant IE may include cell re-selection parameters common for a frequency as well as cell specific re-selection parameters. SIB5 may contain information relevant only for inter-RAT cell re-selection, e.g., information about E-UTRA frequencies and E-UTRA neighbouring cells relevant for cell re-selection. The relevant IE may include cell re-selection parameters common for a frequency. 
     Optionally, at  618 , UE  202  may perform EMR measurements. In some implementations, for example, UE  202  may perform EMR measurements for cells [1, 2, 3] or freqs [X, Y, Z], as defined in 3GPP Specification TS 38.331, based at least on the EMR configuration. In some implementations, for example, UE  202  may perform EMR measurements while T 331  timer is running (e.g., T 331  timer not expired). 
     At  620 , T 331  timer may expire. Upon expiration of the T 331  timer, UE  202  may stop performing the optional EMR measurements. In other words, UE  202  may perform EMR measurements while T 331  timer is running and stop EMR measurements upon expiration of the T 331  timer. 
     At  622 , UE  202  may perform cell reselection measurements. In some implementations, for example, UE  202  may perform cell reselection measurements for cells [1, 3] and/or freqs [X, Z] based at least on the information received via the system information at  616 . In some implementations, the UE may perform the regular measurements (e.g., cell reselection measurements) according to 3GPP TS 38.304. In an example implementation, the UE may perform cell reselection measurements for measurement objects that are common in the cell reselection configuration and the early measurement reporting configuration. In some implementations, for example, the measurement objects may include cells/frequencies and/or radio access technologies (RATs). 
     At  624 , UE  204  may save cell reselection measurement results which may be based at least on the reselection measurements) of frequencies [X, Z] and /or cells [1,3]. In some implementations, for example, since frequencies [X, Z] and cells [1, 3] are common between reselection measurement configuration and EMR measurement configuration, UE  202  may save the measurement results of frequencies [X, Z] and / or cells [1, 3]. In an example implementation, the cell reselection measurements may be used as EMR measurements. In other words, the cell reselection measurements may be saved as EMR measurements. 
     In some implementations, optionally, for example, it should be noted that the UE may perform measurements for EMR purposes (e.g., for Cells [1, 2, 3]/Freqs [X, Y, Z] and reselection measurements (e.g., for Cells [1, 3]/Freqs [X, Z]) while T 331  is running. However, upon expiration of T 331  timer, UE  202  may stop performing EMR measurements. 
     At  626 , UE  202  may detect the availability (presence) of uplink data in a buffer at the UE for transmission to gNB  204 . 
     Alternately, in some implementations, for example, after sometime has elapsed, UE  202 , may receive a wake-up signal/indication or paging message from gNB  204 . In some implementations, the UE may receive a wake-up indication indicating that UEs paging occasions may be monitored or a paging message for mobile terminated connection. 
     In response to the detection of the availability of uplink data for transmission, UE  202 , at  628 , in an IDLE state may send an RRC setup request message to gNB  204 . In some implementations, in response to the detection of the availability of uplink data for transmission, UE  202 , at  628 , in INACTIVE state may send an RRC resume request message to gNB  204 . 
     At  630 , UE  202  may receive an RRC setup message (or RRC resume message) from gNB  204  in response to the RRC setup request message sent to the gNB. 
     At  632 , UE  202  may send an RRC setup/resume complete message to gNB  204 . In some implementations, for example, the RRC setup/resume complete message may include an indication about EMR measurements being available. 
     At  634 , UE  202  may send EMR measurement results of Cells [1, 3] from Freqs [X, Z] to gNB  204 . 
     At  636 , UE  202  may receive an RRC reconfiguration message from gNB  204 . In some implementations, for example, the RRC reconfiguration message may include carrier aggregation or dual connectivity configuration with Cell [1, 3] from Freqs [X, Z]. 
     At  638 , UE may send an RRC reconfiguration complete message to gNB. 
     At  640 , carrier aggregation or dual connectivity configuration may be complete. 
     Thus, the UE after transitioning from an RRC_CONNECTED state to an RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state may perform EMR measurements and reselection measurements and utilize the reselection measurements for early measurement reporting purposes. 
     In some implementations, for example, UE  202  may be configured to report at least part of the early measurement reporting measurements performed while the T 331  was running upon the expiration of T 331  timer in case a newly defined timer (e.g., a second timer or another time) is still running. This new (or additional) timer may be started upon expiration of T 331  timer when the UE stops early measurement reporting measurements and the UE considers the measurements to be reported in case connection establishment is triggered prior to expiration of the new/additional timer. 
     In some implementations, for example, in order to have enough good measurement results to report shortly after connection establishment starts (e.g., paging/wake-up signal or message, user data has arrived to be sent), additional implementations may include defining new measurement requirements for enhanced early measurement reporting. These new measurement requirements may be used when enhanced early measurement reporting is initiated, e.g., upon expiration of T 331  timer and enhanced early measurement reporting is provided for the UE. 
       FIG.  7    is a flow chart  700  illustrating utilization of reselection measurements for early measurement reporting, according to an example implementation. 
     At block  710 , a UE, e.g., UE  202 , may determine that the user equipment is configured for enhanced early measurement reporting. In some implementations, for example, the UE may be configured for eEMR configuration based at least on an RRC message received from the gNB. In an additional example implementation, the UE may determine that the UE is configured for eEMR based on whether the UE supports eEMR. 
     At block  720 , UE  202  may perform cell reselection measurements based at least on a cell reselection configuration. In some implementations, for example, UE  202  may perform cell reselection measurements based at least on cell reselection information (e.g., Cells [1, 3]/Freqs [X, Z]) received via system information from the gNB. 
     At block  730 , UE  202  may use the reselection measurements for early measurement reporting when the user equipment is configured for enhanced early measurement reporting. In some implementations, for example, UE  202  may use the reselection measurements, for example, for Cells [1, 3]/Freqs [X, Z]) for early measurement reporting when the user equipment is configured for enhanced early measurement reporting. 
     Optionally, in some implementations, for example, UE  202  may provide early measurement reporting measurements for Cell [2] from Freq [Y] (in addition to Cells [1, 3]/Freqs [X, Z]) if UE  202  had time to measure them. 
     Thus, the UE after transitioning from an RRC_CONNECTED state to an RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state may perform reselection measurements and utilize the reselection measurements for early measurement reporting purposes. In other words, the UE may collect/store reselection measurement results for EMR purposes and the UE may provide these results to the network node. 
     Additional example implementations are described herein. 
     Example 22. A method of communications, comprising: determining, by a user equipment, that the user equipment is configured for enhanced early measurement reporting; performing, by the user equipment, early measurement reporting measurements and cell reselection measurements based at least on a cell reselection configuration; and using, by the user equipment, the cell reselection measurements for early measurement reporting when the user equipment is configured for enhanced early measurement reporting. 
     Example 23. The method of Example 22, wherein using the cell reselection measurements for the early measurement reporting comprises one or more of: storing cell reselection measurement results as early measurement reporting measurement results for early measurement reporting; transmitting an indication that the early measurement reporting measurement results are available to a network node; and transmitting the early measurement reporting measurement results to a network node. 
     Example 24. The method of any of Examples 22-23, wherein the early measurement reporting comprises one or more of: performing the early measurement reporting measurements, collecting the early measurement reporting measurement results, and reporting of the early measurement reporting measurement results to the network node. 
     Example 25. The method of any of Examples 22-24, wherein the performing is based at least on measurement objects that are at least common in the cell reselection configuration and the early measurement reporting configuration. 
     Example 26. The method of any of Examples 22-25, wherein measurement objects comprise one or more of cells or frequencies and radio access technologies. 
     Example 27. The method of any of Examples 22-26, wherein the measurements comprise one or more of reference signal received power and reference signal received quality measurements. 
     Example 28. The method of any of Examples 22-27, wherein the early measurement reporting measurements comprise idle/inactive measurements. 
     Example 29. The method of any of Examples 22-28, further comprising: performing the early measurement reporting measurements based at least on the early measurement reporting configuration in addition to the cell reselection measurements based at least on the cell reselection configuration. 
     Example 30. The method of any of Examples 22-29, wherein the early measurement reporting measurements are performed while a T 331  timer is running. 
     Example 31. The method of any of Examples 22-30, wherein the indication is transmitted via a radio resource control (RRC) message to the network node. 
     Example 32. The method of any of Examples 22-31, wherein the RRC message includes an RRC Setup Request, RRC Resume Request, RRC Resume Complete, RRC Re-establishment Request, or RRC Re-establishment Complete message. 
     Example 33. The method of any of Examples 22-32, wherein the cell reselection configuration is received via system information via one or more system information blocks (SIBs) from the network node. 
     Example 34. The method of any of Examples 22-33, wherein the SIBs include one or more of SIB1, SIB3, SIB4, and SIB5. 
     Example 35. The method of any of Examples 22-34, further comprising: initiating another timer upon expiration of the T 331  timer; and determining whether to transmit the early measurement reporting measurements when connection establishment is triggered prior to expiration of the another timer. 
     Example 36. The method of any of Examples 22-35, wherein the enhanced early measurement reporting configuration configures additional measurements at the user equipment. 
     Example 37. The method of any of Examples 22-36, wherein the additional measurements are performed upon expiration of the T 331  timer. 
     Example 38. The method of any of Examples 22-37, wherein the network node is a gNB. 
     Example 39. An apparatus comprising means for performing the method of any of Examples 22-38. 
     Example 40. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one processor, are configured to cause a computing system to perform the method of any of Examples 22-38. 
     Example 41. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform the method of any of Examples 22-38. 
       FIG.  8    is a block diagram of a wireless station (e.g., user equipment (UE)/user device or AP/gNB/MgNB/SgNB)  800  according to an example implementation. The wireless station  800  may include, for example, one or more RF (radio frequency) or wireless transceivers  802 A,  802 B, where each wireless transceiver includes a transmitter to transmit signals and a receiver to receive signals. The wireless station also includes a processor or control unit/entity (controller)  804 / 808  to execute instructions or software and control transmission and receptions of signals, and a memory  806  to store data and/or instructions. 
     Processor  804  may also make decisions or determinations, generate frames, packets or messages for transmission, decode received frames or messages for further processing, and other tasks or functions described herein. Processor  804 , which may be a baseband processor, for example, may generate messages, packets, frames or other signals for transmission via wireless transceiver  802  ( 802 A or  802 B). Processor  804  may control transmission of signals or messages over a wireless network, and may control the reception of signals or messages, etc., via a wireless network (e.g., after being down-converted by wireless transceiver  802 , for example). Processor  804  may be programmable and capable of executing software or other instructions stored in memory or on other computer media to perform the various tasks and functions described above, such as one or more of the tasks or methods described above. Processor  804  may be (or may include), for example, hardware, programmable logic, a programmable processor that executes software or firmware, and/or any combination of these. Using other terminology, processor  804  and transceiver  802  together may be considered as a wireless transmitter/receiver system, for example. 
     In addition, referring to  FIG.  8   , a controller (or processor)  808  may execute software and instructions, and may provide overall control for the station  800 , and may provide control for other systems not shown in  FIG.  8   , such as controlling input/output devices (e.g., display, keypad), and/or may execute software for one or more applications that may be provided on wireless station  800 , such as, for example, an email program, audio/video applications, a word processor, a Voice over IP application, or other application or software. Moreover, a storage medium may be provided that includes stored instructions, which when executed by a controller or processor may result in the processor  804 , or other controller or processor, performing one or more of the functions or tasks described above. 
     According to another example implementation, RF or wireless transceiver(s)  802 A/ 802 B may receive signals or data and/or transmit or send signals or data. Processor  804  (and possibly transceivers  802 A/ 802 B) may control the RF or wireless transceiver  802 A or  802 B to receive, send, broadcast or transmit signals or data. 
     The aspects are not, however, restricted to the system that is given as an example, but a person skilled in the art may apply the solution to other communication systems. Another example of a suitable communications system is the 5G concept. It is assumed that network architecture in 5G will be quite similar to that of the LTE-advanced. 5G is likely to use multiple input - multiple output (MIMO) antennas, many more base stations or nodes than the LTE (a so-called small cell concept), including macro sites operating in co-operation with smaller stations and perhaps also employing a variety of radio technologies for better coverage and enhanced data rates. 
     It should be appreciated that future networks will most probably utilize network functions virtualization (NFV) which is a network architecture concept that proposes virtualizing network node functions into “building blocks” or entities that may be operationally connected or linked together to provide services. A virtualized network function (VNF) may comprise one or more virtual machines running computer program codes using standard or general type servers instead of customized hardware. Cloud computing or data storage may also be utilized. In radio communications this may mean node operations may be carried out, at least partly, in a server, host or node operationally coupled to a remote radio head. It is also possible that node operations will be distributed among a plurality of servers, nodes or hosts. It should also be understood that the distribution of labor between core network operations and base station operations may differ from that of the LTE or even be non-existent. 
     Implementations of the various techniques described herein may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer hardware, firmware, software, or in combinations of them. Implementations may be implemented as a computer program product, i.e., a computer program tangibly embodied in an information carrier, e.g., in a machine-readable storage device or in a propagated signal, for execution by, or to control the operation of, a data processing apparatus, e.g., a programmable processor, a computer, or multiple computers. Implementations may also be provided on a computer readable medium or computer readable storage medium, which may be a non-transitory medium. Implementations of the various techniques may also include implementations provided via transitory signals or media, and/or programs and/or software implementations that are downloadable via the Internet or other network(s), either wired networks and/or wireless networks. In addition, implementations may be provided via machine type communications (MTC), and also via an Internet of Things (IOT). 
     The computer program may be in source code form, object code form, or in some intermediate form, and it may be stored in some sort of carrier, distribution medium, or computer readable medium, which may be any entity or device capable of carrying the program. Such carriers include a record medium, computer memory, read-only memory, photoelectrical and/or electrical carrier signal, telecommunications signal, and software distribution package, for example. Depending on the processing power needed, the computer program may be executed in a single electronic digital computer or it may be distributed amongst a number of computers. 
     Furthermore, implementations of the various techniques described herein may use a cyber-physical system (CPS) (a system of collaborating computational elements controlling physical entities). CPS may enable the implementation and exploitation of massive amounts of interconnected ICT devices (sensors, actuators, processors microcontrollers,...) embedded in physical objects at different locations. Mobile cyber physical systems, in which the physical system in question has inherent mobility, are a subcategory of cyber-physical systems. Examples of mobile physical systems include mobile robotics and electronics transported by humans or animals. The rise in popularity of smartphones has increased interest in the area of mobile cyber-physical systems. Therefore, various implementations of techniques described herein may be provided via one or more of these technologies. 
     A computer program, such as the computer program(s) described above, can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit or part of it suitable for use in a computing environment. A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network. 
     Method steps may be performed by one or more programmable processors executing a computer program or computer program portions to perform functions by operating on input data and generating output. Method steps also may be performed by, and an apparatus may be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit). 
     Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer, chip or chipset. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read only memory or a random access memory or both. Elements of a computer may include at least one processor for executing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer also may include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transfer data to, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data, e.g., magnetic, magneto optical disks, or optical disks. Information carriers suitable for embodying computer program instructions and data include all forms of non volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks; magneto optical disks; and CD ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor and the memory may be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purpose logic circuitry.