Patent Publication Number: US-2012041062-A1

Title: Compound of salvianolic acid l, preparation method and use thereof

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to the field of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), more specifically, to a new kind of salvianolic acid compound. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (Chinese crude drug, hereafter named as “Danshen”), the dried root of  Salvia miltiorrhiza  Bge. (Fam. Labiatae), is bitter in taste and a little cold, acting on the Channels of heart and liver with the functions of stopping pain by removing stasis, activating blood flow and relieving restlessness by cleaning heart. A series of modern pharmacological investigations have been carried out on Danshen, showing that it has the effects of dilating coronary artery, improving micro-circulation and protecting heart, and is capable of inhibiting and removing platelet aggregation, increasing body&#39;s capability of anoxia tolerance and the activities of anti-hepatitis, anti-tumor and anti-virus etc. 
     In 2001, L. N. Li et al. in Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, [ Bulletin of Medical Research,  2001, Vol. 30(7)] reported that there were 13 water-soluble bioactive components of phenolic acid derivatives isolated from Danshen or the same genus plants, including salvianolic acid A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, lithospermic acid, rosmarinci acid and isosalvianolic acid C, etc. In addition, the pharmacological action of these components had also been disclosed. 
     Rena. Kasimu et al., [ Journal of Xinjiang Medical University,  2002, Vol. 25(3)] reported the chemical structure of salvianolic acid K. 
     Foreign researchers have also studied on water-soluble bioactive components of Danshen. In 1999, George Washington University had applied and finally been granted a US patent with respect to the effect of 13 salvianolic acid derivatives on anti-HIV integrase and other viruses. All of these suggested that Danshen is a medicinal plant resource which has great potential and is worth being developed. 
     Said salvianolic acid L of the present invention is just a novel compound that has been found in Danshen in the process of massive screening. Up to now, the structure and pharmacological effects relevant to this compound have not yet been reported. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The objective of the present invention is to provide a new compound of salvianolic acid L. 
     The further objective of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition comprising the salvianolic acid L. 
     Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the salvianolic acid L. 
     Another objective of the present invention is to provide a use of the salvianolic acid L in the preparation of a medicament for treating cardiovascular diseases. 
     The present invention relates to a new compound represented by the general formula (I) as follows, its pharmaceutically-acceptable salts, solvates and hydrolysable esters: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     According to the present invention, the structure of new compound of phenolic acid was identified by physicochemical properties, high resolution mass spectrometry (QFT-ESI), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS),  1 H-NMR,  13 C-NMR, DEPT, gCOSY, gHMBC and gHMQC. 
     The compound of the present invention is a pale yellowish powder. 
     The compound according to the present invention shows a positive result, in thin-layer chromatography (TLC) color development reaction with FeCl 3 , suggested that it may be phenolic compound. 
     With a high-resolution mass spectrometry (QFT-ESI) which showed a quasi-molecular ion peak at m/z 537.1034, the molecular formula was confirmed to be C 27 H 22 O 12  with an unsaturated degree Ω of 17. 
     In ESI-MS, the molecular ion peak of the compound according to the present invention at m/z 537 can easily lose 8″-carboxyl group (−44) firstly to form a fragment ion peak at m/z 493 (with the same structure as the molecular ion peak of salvianolic acid A), and then form two fragment ion peaks at m/z 313, 295 in accordance with the fragmentation regularity of salvianolic acid A. 
     According to the present invention, the fragmentation regularity of salvianolic acid A is presented as follows: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     It is clear that the main fragment ion peaks at m/z 493, 313, 295 are main ion peaks of salvianolic acid A in its mass-spectrum. Thus, the compound of the present invention has the same backbone structure as that of salvianolic acid A. 
     Proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) spectrum shows 1 signal of methenyl proton attached to oxygen at δ 5.09 (1H, dd, J=8.0, 4.5 Hz); 11 signals of aromatic proton at δ 6.88 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), δ 7.25 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), δ 7.59 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz), δ 6.22 (1H, d, J=16.0 Hz), δ 6.68 (1H, s), δ 6.55 (2H, d, J=8.0 Hz), δ 6.58(1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), δ 6.69(1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), δ 6.54(1H, dd, J=8.5, 2.0 Hz), δ 7.92(1H, s); 2 signals of aliphatic proton at δ 3.01 (2H, ddd, J=14.0, 8.0, 4.5 Hz). 
     Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C-NMR) spectrum shows 27 carbon signals, including 1 aliphatic carbon signal at δ 39.6, 1 signal of methenyl carbon attached to oxygen at δ 76.4, 3 signals of carbonyl carbon at δ 170.1, δ 173.0, δ 175.1, and 22 signals of double-bond carbon at δ 117.4, δ 117.8, δ 117.8, δ 118.2, δ 119.2, δ 120.2, δ 121.7, δ 123.7, δ 125.7, δ 126.6, δ 128.0, δ 128.8, δ 129.9, δ 130.9, δ 146.2, δ 146.5, δ 146.9, δ 147.4, δ 147.7, δ 147.8, δ 150.3, δ 150.9. 
     The DEPT spectrum shows that there are 1×CH 2 , 12×CH and 14×C in the molecule. 
     In light of the chemical shift and mutual couple of the aromatic proton in the  1 H-NMR spectrum, together with the information provided by the  13 C-NMR spectrum, the compound of the present invention is considered to have two 1,3,4-tri-substituted benzene rings, one 1,2,3,4-tetra-substituted benzene ring, 1 trans-form double bond and 1 single-substituted double bond. All of these are consistent with the spectrometry characteristics of the compounds of salvianolic acid from Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae. 
     As a consequence of the above, it could be initially inferred that the compound in the present invention was likely to be a compound of phenolic acid, structurally showing a similarity to the reported compounds of salvianolic acid in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Salvianolic acid A  
     Compound of the Present Invention 
     Compared with the prior art and relevant spectrum researches, the compound of the present invention was found to have the similar spectral properties with salvianolic acid A, except that  1 H-NMR showed 2 pairs of trans-form double-bond protons in salvianolic acid A, while just 1 pair of trans-form double-bond proton and 1 single-substituted double-bond proton in the compound of the present invention; and  13 C-NMR shows there is 1 more carbonyl carbon signal in the compound of the present invention than those of salvianolic acid A, meanwhile C-7″ and C-8″ is shifted downfield respectively by 8 ppm and 6 ppm. As a result, the difference between the compound in the present invention and salvianolic acid A is that the C-7″ or C-8″ is substituted by a carboxyl group. 
     In order to further confirm the substitution of C-7″ and C-8″, 2D-NMR studies of the present compound were carried out, and its HMBC spectrum results showed that there is a long-range coupling between H-7″ and C-9″, H-7″ and C-2″, H-7″ and C-2, as well as H-7″ and C-6″. It therefore could be deduced that C-8″ was substituted by a carboxyl group in the present compound. 
     Accordingly, compared with the prior art, the compound of the present invention is a new compound of salvianolic acid, which is named as the “salvianolic acid L”. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Actually, due to the changes of configuration and conformation that occured in the present compound during the process of extraction, corresponding changes would take place on its spectral data, but various kinds of isomers produced by configurational and conformational changes will fall within the protection scope of the present invention. 
     The salvianolic acid L of the present invention, according to the ordinary technical knowledge and the prior art, also can be used in the form of its pharmaceutically-acceptable salts or solvates. Said pharmaceutically-acceptable salts of the salvianolic acid L according to the present invention include conventional and pharmaceutically-acceptable salts produced from inorganic or organic base, which are produced by conventional salt-forming method. Suitable examples of the salts include sodium salt, potassium salt, lithium salt, magnesium salt, aluminum salt, calcium salt, zinc salt, or salts formed by reacting with N,N′-dibenzyl ethylenediamine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N-methyl glucoseimine, procaine and berberine. The salvianolic acid L described below includes the salvianolic acid L represented by the formula. (I) and its pharmaceutically-acceptable salts, solvates, and hydrolysable esters. 
     Said salvianolic acid L of the present invention is appropriately administered in the form of a pharmaceutical composition, which can be used conventionally with one or more kinds of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients. In addition, if possible, said salvianolic acid L of the present invention can be administered as a raw medicine, preferably the active components directly used as a pharmaceutical preparation. From the viewpoints of compatibility with other components and safety for the patient, the carriers must be pharmdceutically-acceptable. 
     Therefore, the present invention provides pharmaceutical preparations of the salvianolic acid L, which comprises the salvianolic acid L of the present invention and one or more kinds of pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers, with or without other therapeutical and/or preventative components. These preparations can be administered orally, parenterally (including subcutaneously such as injection or reservoir-type tablet, intra-dermally, intrathecally, intramuscularly such as reservoir-type and intravenously), rectally and topically such as sublingually. The most desirable route of administration, however, depends on the disease of patients. Said pharmaceutical preparations can be a unit preparation, and can be prepared by any method well-known in the pharmaceutical field. All of these methods include the step of combining the salvianolic acid L of the present invention with a carrier constituting one or more kinds of adjuvant components. Generally speaking, said preparations of the present invention are produced as follows: uniformly and compactly combining the salvianolic acid L of the present invention with fluid, or pulverized solid carries or a mixture thereof to give a semi-product; if necessary, then forming the above semi-product into a desired preparation. 
     Normally, a series of standard pharmaceutical technologies can be used to give the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention by utilizing the salvianolic acid L and pharmaceutical carries. The technologies include mixing, granulating and pressing. As well-known to the skilled in the art, the characteristics and forms of the pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers or diluents depend on the following factors: the amount of the active components mixed, administration route and other known factors. Said pharmaceutically acceptable carriers herein refer to all sorts of organic or inorganic carriers that can be administered together with the composition, for example, excipient, lubricant, binding agent, disintegrating agent and coating agent used for solid-preparation; or pharmaceutical additives, such as colorant and sweetening-agent. Said pharmaceutical carriers are selected from the group consisting of sugar-alcohol such as mannitol or sorbitol, sodium pyrosulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium thiosulfate, cysteine hydrochloride, thioglycolic acid, methionine, vitamin C, disodium EDTA, EDTA calcium sodium, carbonates, acetates, phosphates of monovalent alkali metal or their aqueous solutions, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, amino acid, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium lactate, xylitol, maltose, glucose, fructose, dextran, glycine, starch, sucrose, lactose, mannitol, silicon derivatives, cellulose and derivatives thereof, alginate, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), glycerol, Tween-80, agar, calcium carbonate, calcium bicarbonate, surfactant, PEG, cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, phospholipid materials, kaolin, talc powder, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate etc. 
     The pharmaceutical composition mentioned above can be formulated into any pharmaceutically-acceptable dosage form, including tablets, such as sugar-coated tablets, film-coated tablets and enteric coated tablets; capsules, such as hard capsules and soft capsules; oral solutions; buccal tablets; granules; granules taken after dissolving in boiling water; pills; powders; pastes; pellets; suspensions; pulvis; liquors; injections; suppositories; pastes, such as ointments and plasters; creams; sprays; drops and patches. Preferably, the preparations are in the oral dosage form, such as capsules, tablets, oral solutions, granules, pills, powders, pellets and pastes; and in the form of injections, such as injectable powders, injections and transfusions etc. Most preferably, the preparations are in the form of tablets. 
     Among these desirable preparations, said oral preparations can contain commonly-used excipient, binding agent, bulking-agent, diluent, tablet-pressing agent, lubricant, disintegrating agent, colorants, flavoring-agent and wetting-agent, and if necessary, the tablets can be coated. 
     Preferable examples of said excipient include lactose, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, starch (such as α-starch), dextrin, crystalline cellulose, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, arabic gum, amylopectin, light anhydrous silicic acid, synthetic aluminum silicate or magnesium aluminum silicate etc. 
     Preferable examples of said lubricant include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talcum powder and silica gel etc. 
     Preferable examples of said binding agent include α-starch, sucrose, gelatin, arabic gum, methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, crystalline cellulose, sugar, D-mannitol, trehalose, dextrin, amylopectin, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, pyrrolidone etc. 
     Preferable examples of said disintegrating agent include lactose, sugar, starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, calcium carboxymethyl cellulose, aminoalkyl sodium, sodium carboxymethyl starch, light anhydrous silicic acid, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose etc. 
     Preferable examples of said coating agent include hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol etc. 
     Preferable examples of said colorant include water-soluble edible tartrazine dye (food dye such as edible red No.2 and No.3, edible yellow No.4 and No.5, edible blue No.1 and No.2); water-insoluble lake colors (such as aluminum salt of the afore-mentioned water-soluble edible tartrazine dye) and natural dye (such as (β-carotene, chlorophyll and colcothar) etc. 
     Preferable examples of said sweetening-agent include saccharin sodium, glycyrrhetinic acid, aspartame and stevioside etc. 
     Conventional method for preparing tablets comprises combining the salvianolic acid L of the present invention with one or more kinds of pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, and then being pressed or being molded. 
     Besides, the salvianolic acid L of the present invention can also be formulated into oral liquid preparations, for instance, water-soluble or oil-soluble suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups, etc. The salvianolic acid L of the present invention can also be prepared into a dry product, re-blended with water or other suitable carriers before use. This sort of liquid preparations contain conventional additives, including suspending-agent, such as sorbitol syrup, methylcellulose, glucose/syrup, gelatin, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, aluminum stearate gel or hydrogenated edible fat; emulsifying-agent, such as lecithin, sorbitan monoleate or arabic gum; non-aqueous carrier (including edible oil), such as almond oil, fractionated coconut oil, butyraceous ester, propylene glycol or ethanol; as well as preservative, such as methyl paraben, nipasol and sorbic acid. 
     Parenterally-administered preparations include aqueous and non-aqueous sterile injections, optionally, these preparations contain antioxidant, buffering agent, bacteriostatic agent and isotonic agent etc; and the parenterally-administered preparations include aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions, optionally, these preparations contain suspending-agent and thickening agent. Said preparations can be preserved in a single-dose or multi-dose vessel such as sealed ampoules and vials, which can be stored under the freeze drying condition and re-dissolved before use with sterile liquid carrier, for example water for injection. 
     Rectally-administered preparations can be suppositories containing conventional suppository base, for example, cocoa butter, stearic acid or other glycerides or ethylene glycol. 
     Oral cavity topically-administered preparations, for example the buccal or sublingually preparations, include troches, wherein the active component is embedded in a flavored base such as sucrose and arabic gum; also pastilles, wherein the active component is embedded in a base such as gelatin and glycerol, or sucrose and arabic gum. 
     The salvianolic acid L of the present invention is formulated into reservoir-type preparations, such a sustained-release preparation can be administered by implantation (such as subcutaneous implantation or intramuscular implantation) or intramuscular injection. Therefore, the salvianolic acid L of the present invention can be prepared with suitable polymers, hydrophobic materials (for example the emulsion in acceptable oil), or ion-exchange resins, or prepared into a slightly-soluble derivatives, for example the slightly-soluble salt. 
     According to the ordinary technical knowledge and the prior art, medical effects related to the present invention include prevention and treatment for certain diseases or symptoms. Therapeutically effective amount of the salvianolic acid L of the present invention depends on the property of diseases and individual conditions of patients, or follow the physician&#39;s advice. Generally, therapeutically effective amount for adult is in a range of 0.02-5000mg per day, preferably 1-1500mg per day. As described above, the amount can be a single-dosage or multiple-dose that will be taken by patients at appropriate intervals, for example, twice a day, three times a day, four times a day or more. Said preparation of the present invention comprises 0.1-99wt % of active component, preferably 30-95wt % for tablets and capsules; and preferably 3-50wt % for liquid preparations. 
     The present invention is carried out as follows: 
     a) extraction: extracting Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae crude drug or a mixture of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and other crude drugs with water, adding alcohol to precipitate and obtain a supernatant, then concentrating the supernatant to obtain an extract; 
     b) separation: dissolving the extract of the step a) in water, applying on the macroporous absorbent resin and then eluting the resin with water to obtain an eluent, acidifying the eluent, applying the acidified eluent again on the macroporous absorbent resin, washing the resin with an acidic aqueous solution to remove impurities and then eluting the resin with ethanol to obtain an ethanol eluent, concentrating the ethanol eluent to obtain an extract; 
     c) purification: applying the extract of the step b) on the silica gel column by using dried method, isocratic eluting with a mobile phase of chloroform, methanol and formic acid; collecting the eluent; monitoring the whole elution process by TLC, combining characteristically analogous eluents to obtain the salvianolic acid L. 
     In the step a), said Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae crude drug or a mixture of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and other crude drugs can be sliced into decoction pieces, ground into granule or powder, preferably sliced into decoction pieces. Preferably, the root of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae is used as said Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae crude drug. Said other crude drugs refer to the Chinese crude drugs well known to the skilled in the art, which are compatible with Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, preferably, Radix Notoginseng, Radix Astragali and/or Radix Polygoni Multiflori. 
     In the step a), said water-extraction is as follows: decocting the crude drug with water of 4-8 times the volume of the crude drug, preferably with water 4 times the volume of the crude drug for 1.5-3.5 hours, preferably for 2 hours, filtering; decocting drug residue with water of 3-6 times the volume of the drug residue for 1-3 hours, preferably water of 3 times the volume of the drug residue for 1 hour, filtering; and combining the filtrate, concentrating the filtrate to obtain an extract with a relative density of 1.11-1.28 (80° C.), preferably 1.2 (80° C.). In order to salify the phenolic acid substances so as to be isolated more easily, an alkali aqueous solution is preferably used in the said water-extraction step, preferably, said alkali is at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate and potassium hydroxide, more preferably, sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydroxide. Said alkali aqueous solution is a sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution in a concentration of 0.30%-0.68% or a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in a concentration of 0.0025%-0.004%, preferably, a sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution in a concentration of 0.45%. 
     In the step a), said alcohol-precipitation is as follows: adding 95% ethanol into the extract to precipitate until the content of the ethanol being 65%-70% (25° C.), preferably being 70%, and standing still for 12-36 hours, preferably for 24 hours; concentrating the supernatant by recovering ethanol under reduced pressure condition, and obtaining an extract with a relative density of 1.30-1.38 (60° C.), preferably 1.37 (60° C.). 
     In order to better eliminate fat-soluble impurity, an alcohol-extraction is preferably performed before the water-extraction step. In the alcohol-extraction step, decocting twice with 50-95% ethanol of 5-8 times the volume of the crude drug, 1-2 hours each time, filtering, discarding the ethanol-extraction solution and extracting drug residue as the water-extraction mentioned-above. 
     In the step b), said macroporous resin column can be non-polar or weak polar resin, for example, AB-8, HPD450, HPD700, D101, D4020 or X5, preferably AB-8. The weight ratio of the crude drug to the macroporous absorbent resin is 5:1-1:1, zo preferably 4:1. The resin column is washed with water of 8-15 times the bed volume, preferably 12 times the bed volume, and thus a water eluent is obtained. 
     Hydrochloric acid is added into the water eluent to adjust its pH value to 2.2-3.5, preferably 3.0. 
     Said acidic eluent is applied on the macroporous absorbent resin column again with the weight ratio of the crude drug to the macroporous absorbent resin as 5:1-1:1, preferably 4:1, the column is washed with hydrochloric acid having pH value of 2.2-3.5, preferably 3.0, until the eluent being nearly colorless. 
     Further, 3-8 times of 50%-95% ethanol is used to wash the column, preferably 4 times of 95% ethanol, and the eluent is concentrated to obtain an extract without alcoholic smell. 
     In the step c), the extract concentrated in the step b) is dissolved with organic solvent, preferably methanol, mixed with chromatographic silica gel, and preferably, the weight of 200-300 mesh chromatographic silica gel added is equal to the weight of the extract. The well-mixed sample is placed on the well-packed silica gel column, preferably the silica gel packed is 200-300 mesh silica gel, the column is eluted with a mobile phase of chloroform:methanol:formic acid (the volume ratio is: 90:10:3-40:10:0.5), preferably chloroform:methanol:formic acid (the volume ratio is: 85:15:3). Said elution can be an isocratic elution (the ratio of eluent is invariant) or a gradient elution (the ratio of eluent changes with time elapsing). Wherein, said gradient elution can be adjusted according to the polarity of the substance to be collected by using the common knowledge in the art, for example, the polarity of the eluent gradually increased. In order to accurately monitor the elution process, TLC with a developing solvent of chloroform : methanol : formic acid (the volume ratio is: 50:10:2) is preferred. 
     The characteristically analogous eluents are combined to obtain the salvianolic acid L. For achieving a better separation effect, a preparative liquid chromatography can be used as a separation tool. For example, the salvianolic acid L is prepared with the following separation conditions: Waters Delta prep 4000 semi-preparative liquid chromatography, column: Agilent Zorbax XDB-C18 (21.2×150 mm, 5 μm), mobile phase:acetonitrile:0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (15:85), flow rate: 20 ml/min, detection wavelength: 280 nm. 
     As shown in the pharmacodynamic test, the capacity of the salvianolic acid L for scavenging free radical is much greater than that of vitamin C (See Table 3,  FIG. 9 ). Moreover, the reducing capacity of the salvianolic acid L of the present invention is greater than that of vitamin C (See  FIG. 10 ). The salvianolic acid L of the present invention possesses the activities of anti-oxidation and free radical scavenging. As a result, the salvianolic acid L of the present invention can be prepared into a medicine having the activities of scavenging free radical and preventative anti-oxidation function. 
     Besides, the present invention also relates to a use of the said salvianolic acid L in preparation of medicines for treating cardiovascular diseases. Said cardiovascular disease is at least one selected from the group consisting of hypoxia-induced vasodilatation dysfunction, in vitro neuronal injury caused by oxygen deprivation, glucose deprivation and over-oxidation status, and acute myocardial ischemia. 
     As shown in the pharmacodynamic test of the present invention, the lyophilized powder of the salvianolic acid L can cause a certain right shift of the vasoconstriction curve of norepinephrine, but without significant difference. The lyophilized powder of the salvianolic acid L has significantly enhanced vasodilatation effect on the anoxic vascular ring at three Ach concentrations (10 −5 , 10 −4 , 10 −3  mol/L) (P&lt;0.05). It is illustrated that the salvianolic acid L plays a significant role in improving the hypoxia-caused vasodilatation dysfunction (See Tables 7-8 and  FIGS. 11-12 ). 
     The salvianolic acid L of the present invention has extensive pharmacological effects on the cardiovascular system, including abatement of the vascular endothelial injury caused by ischemia and hypoxia, promotion of the vascular endothelial hyperplasia, improvement in the myocardial cell injury caused by ischemia and hypoxia, resistance to the atherosclerosis, inhibition of the platelet aggregation and resistance to thrombogenesis. Furthermore, said salvianolic acid L has effects of dilating the coronary artery, increasing the coronary flow and preventing the injury caused by cerebral ischemia. 
     As shown in the pharmacodynamic test of the present invention, the salvianolic acid 
     L of the present invention has a significant improving effect on in vitro neural cell injury caused by oxygen deprivation, glucose deprivation and hydrogen peroxide and can increase cell survival rate, and has the function of protecting neuronal cell from oxygen deprivation, glucose deprivation and over-oxidation status (See Tables 12-15). In addition, the salvianolic acid L of the present invention has an effect of treating acute myocardial ischemia (See Tables 16-17). 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates the high resolution mass spectrogram of the salvianolic acid L. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates the electrospray ionization mass spectrogram of the salvianolic acid L. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates the  1 H-NMR diagram of the salvianolic acid L at 500 MHz, by using CD 3 OD. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates the  13 C-NMR diagram of the salvianolic acid L at 125 MHz, by using CD 3 OD. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates the DEPT diagram of the salvianolic acid L at 125 MHz, by using CD 3 OD. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates the gCOSY diagram of the salvianolic acid L at 500 MHz, by using CD 3 OD. 
         FIG. 7  illustrates the gHMBC diagram of the salvianolic acid L at 500 MHz, by using CD 3 OD. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates the gHMQC diagram of the salvianolic acid L at 500 MHz, by using CD 3 OD. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates the capacity of tested substance for scavenging free radical. 
         FIG. 10  illustrates the comparison of reducing capacity between the salvianolic acid L and vitamin C. 
         FIG. 11  illustrates the effect of the salvianolic acid L lyophilized powder on vasoconstriction. 
         FIG. 12  illustrates the effect of the salvianolic acid L lyophilized powder on vasodilatation. 
         FIG. 13  illustrates the electrocardiogram (ECG) after treating the pituitary gland with pituitrin, wherein A) is the normal ECG obtained from the model control group, B) is the one obtained from the model control group 15 s after being administered with pituitrin, and C) is the one obtained from the model control group 30 s after being administered with pituitrin. 
     
    
    
     EXAMPLES 
     The advantageous effects of the salvianolic acid L of the present invention on antioxidation and free radical scavenging are further illustrated by the following specific experimental data. 
     Unless specified otherwise, the unit % and % mentioned in the present invention represents weight ratio. 
     Example 1  
     Preparation of the Salvianolic Acid L 
     Danshen decoction pieces were placed in an extractor. Water (containing 0.45% sodium bicarbonate) of 4 times the volume of the crude drug was added into the extractor to decoct for 2 hours and filtered. Drug residue was continued to be decocted with water of 3 times the volume of the drug residue for 1 hour and filtered, the filtrate was combined and concentrated to obtain an extract with a relative density of 1.2 (80° C.). A 95% ethanol was added into the extract to perform precipitation until the final ethanol content being 70% (25° C.), standing still for 12 hours or more. The ethanol was recovered under reduced pressure condition to obtain an extract with a relative density of 1.37 (60° C.). 
     The afore-obtained extract was dissolved with water, and then applied on AB-8 macroporous absorbent resin column, and the column was eluted with water 12 times the bed volume to obtain a water eluent. The pH of the water eluent was adjusted with hydrochloric acid to pH 3.0. Again, the acidified water eluent was applied on AB-8 macroporous absorbent resin column. The acidic aqueous solution with pH-value of 3.0 was used to wash the column until the eluent became nearly colorless. Further, 95% ethanol having a volume of 4 times of the bed volume was used to elute and give the eluent, and then the eluent was concentrated to obtain a thick extract without alcoholic smell. 
     The resulting extract was dissolved with methanol, in which 200-300 mesh chromatographic silica gel is added and mixed, and the weight of the chromatographic silica gel added is equal to the weight of the extract. The mixed sample was placed on a well-packed silica gel column, and the column is eluted with a mobile phase of chloroform:methanol:formic acid (the volume ratio is: 85:15:3). TLC was used to monitor the whole elution process, and the characteristically analogous eluents were combined to obtain the salvianolic acid L. 
     By using a high-resolution mass spectrometry (QFT-ESI), a quasi-molecular ion peak was [M−H] +  m/z 537.1034. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                   1 H (500M, CD 3 OD) and  13 C-NMR (125M, CD 3 OD) data assignment for the 
               
               
                 salvianolic acid L 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 No. 
                 δ H   
                 δ C   
                 H—H COSY 
                 C—H COSY 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 — 
                 128.0 
                   
                 H-5, H-8 
               
               
                 2 
                 — 
                 128.8 
                   
                 H-6, H-7, H-7″ 
               
               
                 3 
                 — 
                 146.2 
                   
                 H-5 
               
               
                 4 
                 — 
                 150.9 
                   
                 H-5, H-6 
               
               
                 5 
                 6.88 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz) 
                 117.8 
                 H-6 
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 7.25 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz) 
                 121.7 
                 H-5 
                 H-7 
               
               
                 7 
                 7.59 (1H, d, J = 16.0 Hz) 
                 147.4 
                 H-8 
                 H-6 
               
               
                 8 
                 6.22 (1H, d, J = 16.0 Hz) 
                 117.4 
                 H-7 
                   
               
               
                 9 
                 — 
                 170.1 
                   
                 H-7, H-8 
               
               
                 1′ 
                 — 
                 130.9 
                   
                 H-2′, H-5′, H-8′, H-7′ 
               
               
                 2′ 
                 6.68 (1H, s) 
                 119.2 
                   
                 H-6′, H-7′ 
               
               
                 3′ 
                 — 
                 146.9 
                   
                 H-5′ 
               
               
                 4′ 
                 — 
                 147.8 
                   
                 H-2′, H-5′, H-6′ 
               
               
                 5′ 
                 6.55 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz) 
                 117.8 
                   
                   
               
               
                 6′ 
                 6.55 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz) 
                 123.7 
                   
                 H-2′ 
               
               
                 7′ 
                 3.01 (1H, ddd, J = 14.0, 8.0, 4.5 Hz) 
                 39.6 
                 H-8′ 
                 H-2′ 
               
               
                 8′ 
                 5.09 (1H, dd, J = 8.0, 4.5 Hz) 
                 76.4 
                 H-7′ 
                 H-7′ 
               
               
                 9′ 
                 — 
                 175.11 
                   
                 H-7′, H-8′ 
               
               
                 1″ 
                 — 
                 129.9 
                   
                 H-2″ 
               
               
                 2″ 
                 6.58 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz) 
                 120.2 
                   
                 H-6″, H-7″ 
               
               
                 3″ 
                 — 
                 147.7 
                   
                 H-2″, H-5″ 
               
               
                 4″ 
                 — 
                 150.3 
                   
                 H-6″, H-2″ 
               
               
                 5″ 
                 6.69 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz) 
                 118.2 
                   
                   
               
               
                 6″ 
                 6.54 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 2.0 Hz) 
                 126.6 
                   
                 H-2″, H-7″ 
               
               
                 7″ 
                 7.92 (1H, s) 
                 146.5 
                   
                   
               
               
                 8″ 
                 — 
                 125.7 
                   
                 H-7″ 
               
               
                 9″ 
                 — 
                 173.0 
                   
                 H-7″, H-8″ 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     DEPT spectrum showed there was 1CH 2 , 12×CH and 14×C in the molecule. 
     Example 2  
     Preparation of the Salvianolic Acid L 
     Danshen and Sanqi decoction pieces were placed in an extractor. Water (containing 0.45% sodium bicarbonate) of 6 times the volume of the crude drug was added into the extractor to decoct for 3 hours and filtered. Drug residue was continued to be decocted with water of 5 times the volume of the drug residue for 2 hours and filtered, the filtrate was combined and concentrated to obtain an extract with a relative density of 1.25 (80° C.). A 95% ethanol was added into the extract to perform precipitation until the final ethanol content being 68% (25° C.), standing still for 12 hours or more. The ethanol was recovered under reduced pressure condition to obtain an extract with a relative density of 1.32 (60° C.). 
     The afore-obtained extract was dissolved with water, and then applied on AB-8 macroporous absorbent resin column, and the column was eluted with water of 12 times the bed volume to obtain a water eluent. The pH of the water eluent was adjusted with hydrochloric acid to pH 2.5. Again, the acidified water eluent was applied on AB-8 macroporous absorbent resin column. The acidic aqueous solution with pH-value of 3.0 was used to wash the column until the eluent became nearly colorless. Further, a 95% ethanol of 5 times the bed volume was used to elute and give an eluent, and the eluent was concentrated to obtain a thick extract without zo alcoholic smell. 
     The resulting extract was dissolved with methanol, in which 200-300 mesh chromatographic silica gel is added and mixed, and the weight of the chromatographic silica gel added is equal to the weight of the extract. The mixed sample was placed on a well-packed silica gel column, and the column is eluted with a mobile phase of chloroform:methanol:formic acid (the volume ratio is: 85:15:3). TLC was used to monitor the whole elution process, and the characteristically analogous eluents were combined to obtain the salvianolic acid L. 
     By using a high-resolution mass spectrometry (QFT-ESI), a quasi-molecular ion peak was [M−H] +  m/z 537.1027. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                   1 H (500M, CD 3 OD) and  13 C-NMR (125M, CD 3 OD) data assignment for the 
               
               
                 salvianolic acid L 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 No. 
                 δ H   
                 δ C   
                 H—H COSY 
                 C—H COSY 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 — 
                 128.0 
                   
                 H-5, H-8 
               
               
                 2 
                 — 
                 128.8 
                   
                 H-6, H-7, H-7″ 
               
               
                 3 
                 — 
                 146.2 
                   
                 H-5 
               
               
                 4 
                 — 
                 150.9 
                   
                 H-5, H-6 
               
               
                 5 
                 6.88 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz) 
                 117.8 
                 H-6 
                   
               
               
                 6 
                 7.24 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz) 
                 121.8 
                 H-5 
                 H-7 
               
               
                 7 
                 7.58 (1H, d, J = 16.0 Hz) 
                 147.4 
                 H-8 
                 H-6 
               
               
                 8 
                 6.20 (1H, d, J = 16.0 Hz) 
                 117.4 
                 H-7 
                   
               
               
                 9 
                 — 
                 170.1 
                   
                 H-7, H-8 
               
               
                 1′ 
                 — 
                 130.9 
                   
                 H-2′, H-5′, H-8′, H-7′ 
               
               
                 2′ 
                 6.68 (1H, s) 
                 119.1 
                   
                 H-6′, H-7′ 
               
               
                 3′ 
                 — 
                 146.9 
                   
                 H-5′ 
               
               
                 4′ 
                 — 
                 147.8 
                   
                 H-2′, H-5′, H-6′ 
               
               
                 5′ 
                 6.54 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz) 
                 117.8 
                   
                   
               
               
                 6′ 
                 6.54 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz) 
                 123.7 
                   
                 H-2′ 
               
               
                 7′ 
                 2.97 (1H, ddd, J = 14.0, 8.0, 4.0 Hz) 
                 39.6 
                 H-8′ 
                 H-2′ 
               
               
                 8′ 
                 5.05 (1H, dd, J = 8.0, 4.0 Hz) 
                 76.4 
                 H-7′ 
                 H-7′ 
               
               
                 9′ 
                 — 
                 175.2 
                   
                 H-7′, H-8′ 
               
               
                 1″ 
                 — 
                 129.8 
                   
                 H-2″ 
               
               
                 2″ 
                 6.56 (1H, s) 
                 120.1 
                   
                 H-6″, H-7″ 
               
               
                 3″ 
                 — 
                 147.7 
                   
                 H-2″, H-5″ 
               
               
                 4″ 
                 — 
                 150.3 
                   
                 H-6″, H-2″ 
               
               
                 5″ 
                 6.67 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz) 
                 118.2 
                   
                   
               
               
                 6″ 
                 6.48 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz) 
                 126.7 
                   
                 H-2″, H-7″ 
               
               
                 7″ 
                 7.90 (1H, s) 
                 146.5 
                   
                   
               
               
                 8″ 
                 — 
                 125.7 
                   
                 H-7″ 
               
               
                 9″ 
                 — 
                 173.0 
                   
                 H-7″, H-8″ 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     DEPT spectrum showed there was 1×CH 2 , 12×CH and 14×C in the molecule. 
     Example 3   
     Preparation of the Salvianolic Acid L 
     Danshen decoction pieces were placed in an extractor. 85% ethanol of 6 times the volume of the crude drug was added into the extractor to decoct twice, 2 hours for each time, and filtered. The ethanol-extraction solution was discarded. 
     Drug residue was decocted with water (containing 0.45% sodium bicarbonate) of 4 times the volume of the drug residue for 2 hours and filtered, and the drug residue was continued to be decocted with water of 3 times the volume of the drug residue for 1 hour and filtered. The filtrates were combined and concentrated to obtain an extract with a relative density of 1.2 (80° C.). A 95% ethanol was added into the extract to perform precipitation until the final ethanol content being 70% (25° C.), standing still for 12 hours or more. The ethanol was recovered under reduced pressure condition to obtain an extract with a relative density of 1.37 (60° C.). 
     The afore-obtained extract was dissolved with water, and then applied on AB-8 macroporous absorbent resin column, and the column was eluted with water of 12 times the bed volume to obtain a water eluent. The pH of the water eluent was adjusted with hydrochloric acid to pH 3.0. Again, the acidified water eluent was applied on AB-8 macroporous absorbent resin column. The acidic aqueous solution with pH-value of 3.0 was used to wash the column until the eluent became nearly colorless. Further, a 95% ethanol of 4 times the bed volume was used to elute and give an eluent, and the eluent was concentrated to obtain a thick extract without alcoholic smell. 
     The resulting extract was dissolved with methanol, in which 200-300 mesh chromatographic silica gel is added and mixed, and the weight of the chromatographic silica gel added is equal to the weight of the extract. The mixed sample was placed on a well-packed silica gel column, and the column is eluted with a mobile phase of chloroform : methanol : formic acid (the volume ratio is: 85:15:3). TLC was used to monitor the whole elution process, and the characteristically analogous eluents were combined to obtain the salvianolic acid L. 
     Example 4   
     Preparation of Tablets of the Salvianolic Acid L 
     Formulation: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 salvianolic acid L 
                 100 g  
               
               
                   
                 microcrystalline cellulose 
                 50 g 
               
               
                   
                 lactose 
                 50 g 
               
               
                   
                 starch 
                 51 g 
               
               
                   
                 sodium carboxymethyl starch 
                 12 g 
               
               
                   
                 5% PVP anhydrous ethanol 
                 proper amount 
               
               
                   
                 magnesium stearate 
                  3 g 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The above formulation was prepared into 1000 tablets. 
     Preparation Process: 
     1. Granulation 
     The salvianolic acid L and other adjuvants listed in the formulation were sieved through a 100-mesh sieve, respectively. According to the formulation dosage, the salvianolic acid L, microcrystalline cellulose, starch and sodium carboxymethyl starch were well blended by using equivalent progressively increasing method. A proper amount of 5% PVP anhydrous ethanol was used to produce the soft materials, granulated with a 14-mesh sieve and dried at 50-60° C. for 1 hour. The magnesium stearate according to the formulation dosage was added to sieve the granule with 14-mesh sifter. 
     2. Tablet Pressing 
     The resulting granule was pressed with a specific diamond-shaped punch die to prepare the tablets. 
     Example 5  
     Preparation Capsules of the Salvianolic Acid L 
     Formulation: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Salvianolic acid L 
                 100 g 
               
               
                   
                 Starch 
                 200 g 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium carboxymethyl starch 
                  12 g 
               
               
                   
                 5% PVP anhydrous ethanol 
                 proper amount 
               
               
                   
                 Magnesium stearate 
                  3 g 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The above formulation was prepared into 1000 capsules. 
     Preparation Process: 
     1. Granulation 
     The salvianolic acid L and other adjuvants listed in the formulation were sieved through a 100-mesh sieve, respectively. According to the formulation dosage, the salvianolic acid L, starch and sodium carboxymethyl starch were well blended according to equivalent progressively increasing method. A proper amount of 5% PVP anhydrous ethanol was used to produce the soft materials, granulated with a 14-mesh sieve and dried at 50-60° for 1 hour. The magnesium stearate according to the formulation dosage was added to sieve the granule with 14-mesh sieve. 
     2. Encapsulation 
     The resulting granule was loaded into capsules. 
     Example 6  
     Preparation Injections of the Salvianolic Acid L 
     Formulation: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Salvianolic acid L 
                 100 
                 g 
               
               
                   
                 Mannitol 
                 100 
                 g 
               
               
                   
                 Water for injection 
                 up to 2500 
                 ml 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The above formulation was prepared intol 1000 units. 
     Preparation Process: 
     The salvianolic acid L was taken, dissolved with 1000 ml of water for injection and stirred uniformly. The mannitol was dissolved with 500 ml of water for injection and added into the aforesaid salvianolic acid L solution, stirred uniformly, into which 0.5 g of activated carbon was added to stir at an invariant temperature for 20 min and filtered. The pH of the filtrate was adjusted to 4.5-5.0, diluted with water for injection to 2500 ml filtered aseptically, loaded separately to obtain the product. 
     Example 7  
     Preparation of the Salvianolic Acid L Lyophilized Powder 
     Formulation: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Salvianolic acid L 
                 100 
                 g 
               
               
                   
                 Mannitol 
                 100 
                 g 
               
               
                   
                 Water for injection 
                 2000 
                 ml 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The above formulation was prepared into 1000 units. 
     Preparation Process: 
     The salvianolic acid L and mannitol were weighed and dissolved with 1500 ml of water for injection by stirring, into which 0.5 g of activated carbon was added for decolorization by stirring for 20 min, the solution was filtered through microvoid filter film (0.45 μm) to remove the carbon and diluted with water for injection up to 2000 ml. The resulting solution was filtered aseptically, packed separately and freeze dried to obtain the product. 
     Pharmacodynamic Examples 
     Pharmacodynamic Example 1  
     Free-Radicals-Trapping Reaction of the Salvianolic Acid L 
     It is believed that free radicals are one kind of highly active substances. They can be produced successively during metabolic processes of cells. Due to their direct or indirect oxidation effect, the free radicals have been shown to take part in physiological and pathological process widely. In the presence of excess amount of free radicals, they always attack macromolecules in the body by oxidation, such as nucleic acid, protein, saccharide and lipid etc. By making these substances denaturation by oxidation, cross-linked and broken, the free radicals cause damages to cell structure and function, resulting in tissue destructions and degenerative alterations of the body. As shown by numerous studies, the free radicals contribute to the pathological processes of a lot of diseases, thus inducing many diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, some cancers, senile cataract and macular degeneration, some inflammations and diversified types of neuron diseases. 
     Chemical structural analysis shows: the salvianolic acid compounds are donors of phenolic hydroxyl group, having the structural basis for their antioxidant activity. In this study, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging reaction model has been used to observe the free-radical scavenging activity of the salvianolic acid L. 
     1. Reagents and Apparatus 
     The Salvianolic acid L with a purity of more than 95%, which was provided by Tianjin Tasly Group Academy, was prepared in accordance with the method of example 1. 
     Vitamin C and DPPH were purchased from SIGMA Inc. 
     Ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV-1800) was purchased from Beijing Rayleigh Analytical Instrument Co., Ltd. 
     2. Experimental Methods 
     The total reaction volume was 2 ml. 1 ml of the sample solutions at different concentrations in 80% methanol (v/v) were added into 100 μM of DPPH methanol solution, mixed uniformly to allow the solution to react for 20 min at 25° C. in the dark. Absorbance of the reaction solution was measured at 517 nm. In this study, vitamin C was regarded as a positive control. Free-radical scavenging rate was calculated in accordance with the following equation: 
       Free-radical scavenging rate (%)=[1− A   sample / A   control )/ A   control ]×100%
 
     Wherein, the A sample  means the absorbance of the tested samples, and A control  means the absorbance of blank control. 
     3. Experimental Results 
     Table 3 and  FIG. 9  show the DPPH free-radical scavenging rates of the salvianolic acid L and vitamin C at different concentrations. The salvianolic acid L had a much higher free-radical scavenging rate than that of the vitamin C. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Comparing of the DPPH free-radical scavenging rate between the salvianolic acid L 
               
               
                 and vitamin C at different concentrations 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Sample (μg/ml) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 0.314 
                 0.625 
                 1.25 
                 2.5 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Salvianolic 
                 5.41 ± 0.74 
                 12.95 ± 2.42  
                 25.21 ± 1.82 
                 44.19 ± 3.70 
                 83.17 ± 4.12 
               
               
                 acid L 
               
               
                 Vitamin C 
                 3.42 ± 0.42 
                 7.06 ± 1.88 
                 13.82 ± 1.83 
                 29.39 ± 5.92 
                 55.34 ± 7.21 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Pharmacodynamic Example 2  
     Determination of Reducinq Capacity of the Salvianolic Acid L 
     To a certain extent, a potential for preventative antioxidation is represented by the reducing capacity of the drug. The study had been carried out on reducing capacity of the salvianolic acid L of the present invention. 
     1 . Reagents and Apparatus 
     The salvianolic acid L with a purity of more than 95%, which was provided by Tianjin Tasly group Academy, was prepared in accordance with the method of example 1. 
     Analytically pure potassium ferricyanide was purchased from Tianjin No.1 Chemical Reagent Factory. 
     Analytically pure trichloroacetic acid was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. 
     Analytically pure ferric chloride was purchased from Tianjin Fengchuan Chemical Reagent Science and Technology Co., Ltd. 
     Vitamin C was purchased from SIGMA Inc. 
     Ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV-1800) was purchased from Beijing Rayleigh Analytical Instrument Co., Ltd. 
     Refrigerated centrifuge (Z323K) was purchased from HEMMLE, German. 
     2. Experimental Methods 
     0.5 ml of 200 mM phosphate buffer (pH6.8) containing different concentrations of the salvianolic acid L and 1.0% potassium ferricyanide solution were sucked respectively and cooled on an ice bath after being heated on a water bath (50° C.) for 20 min. 0.5 ml of trichloroacetic acid solution (10%) was added and centrifuged at 1000 g/min for 10 min. 1.0 ml of the resulting supernatant was taken, into which 1.0 ml of distilled water and 0.2 ml of ferric chloride solution (0.1%) were added, stood still for 10 min and the absorbance was measured at 700 nm. Meanwhile, the blank experiment was carried out. Vitamin C is a strongly reducing substance, acting as positive control in this study. Reducing capacity of the sample is represented by subtracting the absorbance of the blank control from the absorbance of the tested sample. Thus, it means the higher absorbance, the stronger reducing capacity. 
     3. Experimental Results 
     As shown in  FIG. 10 , both substances had a concentration-dependent absorbance, and reducing capacity of the salvianolic acid L was much stronger than that of vitamin C. 
     Determination of Components and Preparation of No. 1 Extract and No. 2 Extract Used in the Following Pharmacodynamic Examples 3-5. 
     All the materials used in the experiment were provided by Tianjin Tasly Group Academy TCM Institute. Content of No. 1 extract was 6.825 g of crude drugs/g No. 1 extract, and No. 2 extract was 4.162 g of crude drugs/g No. 2 extract. 
     Preparation Process 
     Preparation Process of No. 1 Extract: 
     A mixture of 89.8 wt % Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (Chinese name: Danshen) and 9.6 wt % Radix notoginseng (Chinese name: Sangi) was extracted with water (containing 0.45% sodium bicarbonate) twice: 5 times of water for 2 hours and 4 times of water for 1 hour in succession. 95% ethanol (v/v) was used to concentrate the water-extraction solution by means of reflux. The ethanol-precipitation was performed until the final ethanol content in the ethanol-extraction solution being 70%. After standing still overnight, a supernatant was taken and concentrated to give the No. 1 extract. 
     Preparation Process of No. 2 Extract: 
     A mixture of 89.8 wt % Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (Chinese name: Danshen) and 9.6 wt % Radix notoginseng (Chinese name: Sanqi) was extracted with water twice: 5 times of water for 2 hours and 4 times of water for 1 hour in succession. 95% ethanol (v/v) was used to concentrate the water-extraction solution by means of reflux, the ethanol-precipitation was performed until the final ethanol content in the ethanol-extraction solution being 70%. After standing still overnight, a supernatant was taken and concentrated to give the No. 2 extract. 
     Salvianolic acid L was prepared by the method of example 1 of the present invention. 
     Detection Method 
     Analytical conditions were as follows: Waters 2695 HPLC, Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) chromatographic column, a 0.02% phosphoric acid aqueous solution was used as mobile phase A and 80%(v/v) acetonitrile solution containing 0.02% phosphoric acid was used as mobile phase B, a gradient elution was performed according to the following Table 4, a flow rate was 1 ml/min, a detection wavelength was 280 nm, a column temperature was 30° C., and a recording time was 50 min. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 The linear gradient elution table of mobile phases 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Time (min) 
                 mobile phase A 
                 mobile phase B 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 90 
                 10 
               
               
                 8 
                 78 
                 22 
               
               
                 15 
                 74 
                 26 
               
               
                 35 
                 61 
                 39 
               
               
                 40 
                 90 
                 10 
               
               
                 50 
                 90 
                 10 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Content of each component in No. 1 and No. 2 extracts was presented in the following Table 5 and Table 6. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Content of each component in No. 1 extract 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Component 
                 Content (%) 
                 Remarks 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Protocatechuic aldehyde 
                 0.33 
                 highest peak 
               
               
                   
                 Danshensu 
                 0.30 
               
               
                   
                 Salvianolic acid A 
                 0.17 
               
               
                   
                 Salvianolic acid B 
                 0.30-0.76 
               
               
                   
                 Salvianolic acid L 
                 0.43-0.49 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Content of each component in No. 2 extract 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Component 
                 Content (%) 
                 Remark 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Protocatechuic aldehyde 
                 0.14 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Danshensu 
                 0.10 
               
               
                   
                 Salvianolic acid A 
                 0.12 
               
               
                   
                 Salvianolic acid B 
                 3.5 
               
               
                   
                 Salvianolic acid L 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Pharmacodynamic Example 3  
     Effect of the Salvianolic Acid L Lyophilized Powder on Isolated Rat Thoracic Aorta 
     Experimental Materials 
     1. Test materials and reagents: Salvianolic acid L lyophilized powder was provided by Tianjin Tasly Group Academy TCM Institute. Norepinephrine Citrate (NA) and acetylcholine (ACH) were purchased from Sigma Inc. with the batch No. of 1377511 44908131. Raw materials for preparing Kreb&#39;s solution included: potassium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium sulfate, glucose and calcium chloride. 
     2. Main apparatus: MedLab® isolated tissue trough and Medlab-U/8C acquisition system were produced by Nanjing Medease Science and Technology Co., Ltd. Other devices included tension transducer, digital-controlled super thermostatic bath SC-15, analytical balance, water purifier, and oxygen cylinder. 
     3. Experimental animals: SD rats, male or female in proper body-weight, were provided by Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd., with the certificate No. of SCXK (Jing) 2007-0001. All rats were fed with rat special diet (produced by Beijing Keaoxieli Diet Co., Ltd.) and tap water in animal feeding room at a room temperature of 20-25° C., illuminated for 12 hours. 
     Experimental Methods 
     1. Design of Administration Dose 
     Dose of the salvianolic acid L lyophilized powder was confirmed on the basis of pharmacodynamic experiments of other salvianolic acids. In this research, the dose was at 0.1 mg/ml. 
     Kreb&#39;s solution (mol/L): NaCl (120) , NaHCO 3  (25) , KH 2 PO 4  (1.2) , MgSO 4  (1.2), KCl (4.5) , CaCl 2  (1.25) , C 6 H 12 O 6  (Glucose 11.1) 
     KCl : 100 μl of KCl solution (3 mol/L) was added each time (final concentration of 60 mmol/L). 
     NA: 10 −4  mol/L (final concentration at 10 −6  mol/L), was diluted with totally 4 gradients. 
     ACH: 10 −3  mol/L (final concentration at 10 −5  mol/L) was diluted with totally 4 gradients. 
     2. Grouping 
     Rats received free diet that was placed in group randomly according to the preparation of drug on the day. It made certain that there were 8 rats in each group and 4 vascular ring data available from each rat. In this research, the rats were divided into 3 groups: normal group, hypoxia model group and the salvianolic acid L+hypoxia model group. 
     3. Experimental Methods 
     SD rats received free diet that was placed in group randomly according to the preparation of drug on the day, and there were 8 rats in each group. The rats were sacrificed by dislocation of cervical vertebra, and the chest was opened rapidly to take out thoracic aorta. At 0° C. , the thoracic aorta was placed into the oxygen-blowing Kreb&#39;s solution, where the connective tissue was removed and the thoracic aorta was modified into vascular ring with a diameter of about 2 mm, and the vascular ring was carefully mounted up in isolated bath trough at a constant temperature of 37° C. Oxygen was blown to the trough, to which tension transducer and multichannel physiologic recorder were connected. Basal tension was 2 g, the vascular ring was equilibrated for 45 min −1  h and the Kreb&#39;s solution was replaced at intervals of 15 min. After equilibrated, the vascular ring was pre-treated with a potassium chloride solution for 20 min, and eluted. After 15 min equilibration, the vascular ring was pre-treated with a potassium chloride solution once again to achieve the physiologically extreme value of vasoconstriction. Next, NA was added in light of different gradient levels (10 −7 , 10 −6 , 10 −5 , 10 −4  mol/L) to observe the vasoconstriction. When reaching the peak value, the value was stabilized in the plateau phase. Then, ACH was added in light of different gradient levels (10 −5 , 10 −4 , 10 −3 , 10 −2 mol/L) to observe vasodilation. During the process of adding NA and ACH, the Kreb&#39;s solution cannot be replaced. 
     In the hypoxia model group, supply of oxygen had been suspended for 20 min after pre-treated twice by a potassium chloride solution. Meanwhile, the salvianolic acid L lyophilized powder or Kreb&#39;s solution in equal amount was added to bathe together, and followed by addition of NA and ACH in light of different gradient levels. The Kreb&#39;s solution cannot be replaced from the starting of hypoxia to the end of the addition of the final concentration gradient of ACH. 
     The results were statistically analyzed by using t-test. 
     Experimental Results 
     1. Effect on Vasoconstriction 
     As shown in the results, although the salvianolic acid L lyophilized powder had no significant effect on vascular constriction compared with the normal group under the present experimental condition, there was an obviously right shift of the vascular-tension curve. Data were seen in Table 7. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Vascular ring constriction data 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 dosage 
                 NA (mol/L) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Group 
                 (mg/ml) 
                 10 −7   
                 10 −6   
                 10 −5   
                 10 −4   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Normal group 
                   
                   0.13 ± 0.22 
                 0.53 ± 0.49 
                 1.02 ± 0.59 
                 1.27 ± 0.62 
               
               
                 Hypoxia model 
                   
                 −0.01 ± 0.05 
                 0.23 ± 0.41 
                 1.12 ± 0.31 
                 1.37 ± 0.31 
               
               
                 group 
               
               
                 hypoxia + salvianolic 
                 0.1 
                 −0.02 ± 0.06 
                 0.30 ± 0.33 
                 0.84 ± 0.38 
                 1.05 ± 0.48 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Acid Group 
     *: compared with the normal group, there was a significant difference (P&lt;0.05), #: compared with the model group, there was a significant difference (P&lt;0.05). Effect of the salvianolic acid L lyophilized powder on vascular constriction was seen in  FIG. 11 . 
     2. Effect on Vasodilation 
     As shown in this results, compared with the normal group, vasodilation was obviously weakened (P&lt;0.01) at 4 ACH gradient levels in the hypoxia model group under the present experimental condition, while there was no significant difference in the salvianolic acid L group and the normal group. Compared with the hypoxia model group, vasodilation was obviously strengthened (P&lt;0.05) at 3 ACH gradient levels in the salvianolic acid L group. This suggested that the salvianolic acid L group could significantly improve the dysfunction of hypoxia-induced vasodilation. Data were seen in Table 8. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Vascular ring dilation data 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 dosage 
                 ACH (mol/L) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Group 
                 (mg/ml) 
                 10 −5   
                 10 −4   
                 10 −3   
                 10 −2   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Normal group 
                   
                 −0.09 ± 0.13 
                 −0.71 ± 0.47 
                 −0.92 ± 0.51 
                 −1.09 ± 0.49 
               
               
                 Hypoxia model 
                   
                   0.06 ± 0.07** 
                   0.04 ± 0.07*** 
                 −0.03 ± 0.09*** 
                 −0.30 ± 0.37*** 
               
               
                 group 
               
               
                 hypoxia + salvianolic 
                 0.1 
                 −0.09 ± 0.18 #   
                 −0.33 ± 0.50 #   
                 −0.47 ± 0.60 #   
                 −0.67 ± 0.69 
               
               
                 acid group 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 **compared with the normal group, there was a significant difference (P &lt; 0.01); 
               
               
                 ***compared with the normal group, there was a significant difference (P &lt; 0.001); 
               
               
                   # compared with the model group, there was a significant difference (P &lt; 0.05). 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Effect of the salvianolic acid L lyophilized powder on vascular dilation was seen in  FIG. 12 . 
     Experimental Conclusions: 
     The salvianolic acid L lyophilized powder had effect on causing the right shift of the vasoconstriction curve of NA to some extent, but no significant difference had been observed. Hypoxia for 20 min might lead to a significant decline in gradient dilation of vascular ring caused by ACH in the model group (P&lt;0.01), resulting in the appearance of diastolic dysfunction. On the contrary, the salvianolic acid L lyophilized powder showed significant enhancement in dilation of anoxic vascular ring at three gradient levels of ACH(10 −5 , 10 −4 , 10 −3  mol/L) (P&lt;0.05). It was confirmed that the salvianolic acid L had a significantly improving effect on vasodilation dysfunction caused by hypoxia. 
     Discussion for Attentions: 
     1. When preparing the Kreb&#39;s solution, calcium chloride and glucose were not added until total addition of other substances in order to prevent turbidity. The Kreb&#39;s solution cannot be kept at room temperature for a long time, avoiding flocculent precipitation. Finally, the Kreb&#39;s solution was prepared when needed. 
     2. The cardiac-aorta was taken out in ice bath as far as possible; and the injury to vascular ring caused by apparatuses should be reduced; the cardiac-aorta should be taken out closely enough to vascular arch for the purpose of preventing reduction of vascular activity. 
     3. Oxygen was exhausted in the form of small bubble which should be as small as possible, oversize bubbles might influence the tension transducer, resulting in the distortion of data. 
     Pharmacodynamic Example 4  
     Protective Effect of the Salvianolic Acid L Lyophilized Powder and the Extract Thereof on In Vitro Nerve Cells 
     Experimental Materials 
     1. Main apparatus: super-clean bench was produced by Antai Cleaning Equipment 
     Inc; constant temperature CO 2  incubator was purchased from Heraeus, Germany; ELISA reader was purchased from BIO-RAD Inc, USA; flat shaking-table was purchased from Jiangsu Guangming Experimental Apparatus Manufacturer and inverted biological microscope was purchased from OLYMPUS, Japan. 
     2. Main reagents: DMEM high-glucose medium and DMEM glucose-free medium were prepared by GIBCO, trypsin was purchased from SIGMA, fetal bovine serum was purchased from PAA, MTT and DMSO were purchased from SIGMA and LDH test kit was purchased from Nanjing Jiangcheng Bioengineering Institute. 
     3. Disposable materials: 96-well cell culture microplate was prepared by CORNING. 
     4. Cell strain: PC12. 
     Experimental Methods: 
     1. MTT Method 
     a. MTT was added into 96-well microplate with 20 μl in each well, and reacted for 4 hours in incubator. 
     b. The supernatant was discarded, followed by addition of 150 μl DMSO in each well and shaken on flat shaking-table for 10 min. 
     c. Absorbance of each well was measured by ELISA reader at wavelength of 570 nm to calculate cell survival rate. 
     Cell survival rate %=(OD value of drug administration group/OD value of negative control group)×100% 
     2. Determination of LDH activity 
     The experiment of determination was carried out according to the Specification of LDH test kit provided by Nanjing Jiangcheng Bioengineering Institute. Detailed steps were presented in Table 9. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Detailed steps for determination of LDH activity 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 blank 
                 Standard 
                 sample 
                 Control 
               
               
                   
                 (B) 
                 solution (S) 
                 tested (U) 
                 sample (C) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 ultrapure water (μl) 
                 2.5 + 5 
                 2.5 
                   
                 2.5 
               
               
                 Standard solution (μl) 
                   
                 5 
               
               
                 Sample (μl) 
                   
                   
                 5 
                 5 
               
               
                 Matrix fluid (μl) 
                 12.5 
                 12.5 
                 12.5 
                 12.5 
               
               
                 coenzyme (μl) 
                   
                   
                 2.5 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Mixed well, incubated at 37° C. for 15 min 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 2,4- 
                 12.5 
                 12.5 
                 12.5 
                 12.5 
               
               
                 dinitrophenylhydrazine 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Mixed well, incubated at 37° C. for 15 min 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0.4 mM NaOH 
                 125 
                 125 
                 125 
                 125 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Incubated at room temperature for 3-4 min with absorbance detected at 440 nm 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     LDH activity (U/L)=(OD U −OD C )/(OD S −OD B )×C S ×N×1 000 
     Wherein, OD U  represented the absorbance of the tested sample, OD C  represented the absorbance of control sample, OD B  represented the absorbance of blank, OD S  represented the absorbance of standard solution, C S  represented the standard concentration of 2 mmol/L, N represented the dilution multiple of sample before determination. 
     Experimental Results: 
     1. Establishment of Hydrogen Peroxide-Damaged Model 
     a. PC12 cells at, exponential growth phase in good condition were washed with PBS twice, followed by addition of 0.25% trypsin digestive solution to perform digestion at 37° C. for about 1 min. This reaction was ended by addition of blood serum-contained culture medium, centrifuged and resuspended, then counted the cells to prepare a suspension with a cell density of 2×10 4 −4×10 4  cells/ml. 
     b. The resulting cell suspension was inoculated into 96-well microplate with 180 μl in each well (n=3) and incubated in constant temperature CO 2  incubator at 37° C. for 24 hours. 
     c. Grouping and treatments: there were 4 groups: blank control group (PBS), solvent control group (DMSO), model group (H 2 O 2 ) and positive control group (Edaravone). 
     Blank control group: only addition of PBS. 
     Solvent control group: addition of 0.1% DMSO. 
     Model group: a concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) was respectively at 0.25 mM, 0.5 mM and 1 mM, a reaction time was 1 hour. 
     Positive control group: Edaravone (2 μg/ml) is added as a positive drug and then pre-treated for 6 hours, into which 0.5 mM hydrogen peroxide was added to damage for 1 hour and replaced with freshly-prepared DMEM+10%FBS culture medium, 200 μl per well. 
     d. The cell activity was determined by MTT method. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Establishment of hydrogen peroxide-damaged model 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Group 
                 Final concentration 
                 Survival rate (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Blank control group 
                 0 
                   100 ± 5.65 
               
               
                   
                 Solvent control group 
                 0.1% DMSO 
                 93.45 ± 5.21 
               
               
                   
                 Model group 
                 0.25 mM H 2 O 2   
                 84.83 ± 7.65 
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.5 mM H 2 O 2   
                 40.31 ± 4.63 ##   
               
               
                   
                   
                 1 mM H 2 O 2   
                 34.36 ± 6.15 ##   
               
               
                   
                 Positive control group 
                 2 μg/ml (Edaravone) 
                 53.54 ± 3.66* 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 *compared with the model group of 0.5 mM H 2 O 2  (P &lt; 0.05), 
               
               
                   
                   ## compared with the solvent control group (P &lt; 0.01). 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As shown in Table 10, PC12 cells survival rate was 40% and inhibition rate was 60% after being treated with 0.5 mM H 2 O 2  for 1 hour. The hydrogen peroxide-damaged model was PC12 cells treated with 0.5 mM H 2 O 2  for 1 hour. 
     2. Establishment of Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation (OGD) Model 
     a. PC12 cells at exponential growth phase in good condition were washed with PBS twice, followed by addition of 0.25% trypsin digestive solution to perform digestion at 37° C. for about 1 min. This reaction was ended by addition of blood serum-contained culture medium, centrifuged and resuspended, then counted the cells to prepare a suspension with a cell density of 2×10 4 −4×10 4  cells/ml. 
     b. The resulting cell suspension was inoculated into 96-well microplate with 180 μl in each well (n=3) and incubated in constant temperature CO 2  incubator at 37° C. for 24 hours. 
     c. Grouping and treatments: there were 3 groups: blank control group (normoxia+0.1% DMS0), model group (OGD+0.1% DMSO, oxygen-glucose deprivation) and positive control group (Edaravone). 
     Model group: the cell in culture microplate was cultured with glucose-free DMEM medium, which was placed in a hypoxic chamber, started to record time for 0.5 hour when O 2 % was less than 2.6, and then transferred to a routine incubator. The determination was carried out after a period of time of incubation. 
     Positive control group: Edaravone (2 μg/ml) was used as a positive drug. Drug was added and pre-treated for 6 hours, and then replaced with glucose-free medium, 180 μl per well. The drug was added again, placed in a hypoxic chamber, started to record time for 0.5 hour when O 2 % was less than 2.6, and then transferred to a routine incubator. The determination was carried out after a period of time of incubation. 
     d. The cell activity was determined by MTT method. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 11 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Establishment of oxygen-glucose deprivation model 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Group 
                 Final concentration 
                 Survival rate (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Blank control group 
                 0.1% DMSO 
                   100 ± 6.66 
               
               
                   
                 Model group 
                 0.1% DMSO 
                 42.59 ± 3.06 ##   
               
               
                   
                 Positive control group 
                 2 μg/ml (Edaravone) 
                 48.50 ± 1.81* 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 *P &lt; 0.05, compared with the model group; 
               
               
                   
                   ## P &lt; 0.01, compared with the blank control group. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As shown in Table 11, the survival rate of oxygen-glucose deprivation-damaged PC12 cells was just 42% and the inhibition rate was 58%. Thus, the oxygen-glucose deprivation model in this study was: the glucose-free DMEM medium had been chosen to culture cells, placed in a hypoxic chamber, started to record time for 0.5 hour when O 2 % was less than 2.6, and then transferred to a routine incubator. The determination was carried out after a period of time of incubation. 
     3. Effect of Drug on Cell Survival Rate of H 2 O 2 -Damaged PC12 Cell 
     a. PC12 cells at exponential growth phase in good condition were washed with PBS twice, followed by addition of 0.25% trypsin digestive solution to perform digestion at 37° C. for about 1 min. This reaction was ended by addition of blood serum-contained culture medium, centrifuged and resuspended, then counted the cells to prepare a suspension with a cell density of 2×10 4 −4×10 4  cells/ml. 
     b. The resulting cell suspension was inoculated into 96-well microplate with 180 μl in each well (n=3) and incubated in constant temperature CO 2  incubator at 37° C. for 24 hours. 
     c. Grouping and treatments: there were 5 groups: blank control group (PBS), solvent control group (DMSO or ethyl acetate), model group (H 2 O 2 ), positive control group (Edaravone) and drug treatment group. 
     Model group: 0.5 mM hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) was used to treat for 1 hour. 
     Positive control group: Edaravone (2 μg/ml ), used as a positive drug, was added to cell and pre-treated for 6 hours, into which 0.5 mM hydrogen peroxide was added to damage for 1 hour and replaced with freshly-prepared DMEM+10%FBS culture medium. 
     Drug treatment group: after the cell was inoculated into culture microplate, different tested drugs at different concentration were added firstly and pre-treated for 6 hours with 20 μl per well, into which 0.5 mM H 2 O 2  was added to damage for 1 hour, and then replaced with freshly-prepared DMEM+10%FBS culture medium. 
     d. The supernatant was collected, 20 μl per well, for determination of LDH activity. 
     e. The activity of cell in cell microplate was determined by MTT method. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 12 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect of drug on cell survival rate of H 2 O 2 -damaged PC12 cell 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Group 
                 Final concentration 
                 Survival rate (%) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Solvent control group 
                 0.1% DMSO 
                   100 ± 0.66 
               
               
                 (DMSO) 
                 0.01% DMSO 
                   100 ± 0.48 
               
               
                   
                 0.001% DMSO 
                   100 ± 0.4 
               
               
                 Solvent control group 
                 0.1% EtOAc 
                   100 ± 0.86 
               
               
                 (EtOAc) 
                 0.01% EtOAc 
                   100 ± 1.38 
               
               
                   
                 0.001% EtOAc 
                   100 ± 0.96 
               
               
                 Model group 
                 0.5 mM H 2 O 2  + 0.1% 
                 47.32 ± 1.15 ##   
               
               
                 (0.5 mM H 2 O 2  + DMSO) 
                 DMSO 
               
               
                   
                 0.5 mM H 2 O 2  + 0.01% 
                 43.65 ± 3.0 ##   
               
               
                   
                 DMSO 
               
               
                   
                 0.5 mM H 2 O 2  + 0.001% 
                 40.67 ± 3.61 ##   
               
               
                   
                 DMSO 
               
               
                 Model group 
                 0.5 mM H 2 O 2  + 0.1% 
                 38.45 ± 2.15 ##   
               
               
                 (0.5 mM H 2 O 2  + EtOAc) 
                 EtOAc 
               
               
                   
                 0.5 mM H 2 O 2  + 0.01% 
                 39.28 ± 1.75 ##   
               
               
                   
                 EtOAc 
               
               
                   
                 0.5 mM H 2 O 2  + 0.001% 
                 39.65 ± 1.84 ##   
               
               
                   
                 EtOAc 
               
               
                 Positive control group 
                 2 μg/ml 
                 58.18 ± 2.64** 
               
               
                 (Edaravone) 
                 0.2 μg/ml 
                  44.2 ± 6.11 
               
               
                   
                 0.02 μg/ml 
                  47.6 ± 2* 
               
               
                 Drug treatment group 
                 2 μg/ml 
                 50.65 ± 5.65 
               
               
                 (No. 1 extract of the 
                 0.2 μg/ml 
                 44.75 ± 4.56 
               
               
                 salvianolic acid L) 
                 0.02 μg/ml 
                  43.2 ± 1.6 
               
               
                 Drug treatment group 
                 2 μg/ml 
                 40.09 ± 2.39 
               
               
                 (No. 2 extract of the 
                 0.2 μg/ml 
                 43.23 ± 5.72 
               
               
                 salvianolic acid L) 
                 0.02 μg/ml 
                 44.67 ± 6.42 
               
               
                 Drug treatment group 
                 2 μg/ml 
                 48.34 ± 0.25 
               
               
                 (yellowish powder: the 
                 0.2 μg/ml 
                 44.89 ± 0.48 
               
               
                 salvianolic acid L) 
                 0.02 μg/ml 
                  47.2 ± 0.8* 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *P &lt; 0.05, compared with the model group (0.5 mM H 2 O 2  + DMSO); 
               
               
                 **P &lt; 0.01, compared with the model group (0.5 mM H 2 O 2  + DMSO); 
               
               
                   ## P &lt; 0.01, compared with the solvent control group (DMSO). 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Drug concentrations were respectively prepared with DMSO at 0.1%, 0.01% and 0.001%, which should be compared with the solvent control group having corresponding concentration. Wherein the drug treatment group was compared with the model group (0.5 mM H 2 O 2 +EtOAc), while the model group (H 2 O 2 +EtOAc) was compared with the solvent control group (EtOAc). 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 13 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect of drug on LDH activity of H 2 O 2 -damaged PC12 cell 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Group 
                 Final concentration 
                 LDH activity (U/L) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Solvent control group 
                 0.1% DMSO 
                  325.71 ± 11.42 
               
               
                 (DMSO) 
                 0.01% DMSO 
                  348.5 ± 16.33 
               
               
                   
                 0.001% DMSO 
                  374.16 ± 3.81 
               
               
                 Solvent control group 
                 0.1% EtOAc 
                  313.9 ± 16.33 
               
               
                 (EtOAc) 
                 0.01% EtOAc 
                  329.97 ± 16.34 
               
               
                   
                 0.001% EtOAc 
                  342.29 ± 30.13 
               
               
                 Model group 
                 0.5 mM H 2 O 2  + 0.1% 
                  608.5 ± 16.33 ##   
               
               
                 (0.5 mM H 2 O 2  + 
                 DMSO 
               
               
                 DMSO) 
                 0.5 mM H 2 O 2  + 0.01% 
                  599.55 ± 0 ##   
               
               
                   
                 DMSO 
               
               
                   
                 0.5 mM H 2 O 2  + 0.001% 
                  617.45 ± 16.33 ##   
               
               
                   
                 DMSO 
               
               
                 Model group 
                 0.5 mM H 2 O 2  + 0.1% 
                  596.95 ± 33.08 ##   
               
               
                 (0.5 mM H 2 O 2  + 
                 EtOAc 
               
               
                 EtOAc) 
                 0.5 mM H 2 O 2  + 0.01% 
                  590.74 ± 31.43 ##   
               
               
                   
                 EtOAc 
               
               
                   
                 0.5 mM H 2 O 2  + 0.001% 
                  610.81 ± 11.55 ##   
               
               
                   
                 EtOAc 
               
               
                 Positive control group 
                 2 μg/ml 
                  523.49 ± 5.17** 
               
               
                 (Edaravone) 
                 0.2 μg/ml 
                  568.23 ± 11.55** 
               
               
                   
                 0.02 μg/ml 
                  532.44 ± 11.55** 
               
               
                 Drug treatment group 
                 2 μg/ml 
                  465.32 ± 32.68* 
               
               
                 (No. 1 extract of the 
                 0.2 μg/ml 
                  416.11 ± 63.91** 
               
               
                 alvianolic acid L) 
                 0.02 μg/ml 
                  483.22 ± 21.92** 
               
               
                 Drug treatment group 
                 2 μg/ml 
                  487.70 ± 11.55** 
               
               
                 (No. 2 extract of the 
                 0.2 μg/ml 
                  407.16 ± 34.66** 
               
               
                 salvianolic acid L) 
                 0.02 μg/ml 
                  559.28 ± 27.82 
               
               
                 Drug treatment group 
                 2 μg/ml 
                  487.70 ± 72.51 
               
               
                 (yellowish powder: the 
                 0.2 μg/ml 
                  474.27 ± 71.96* 
               
               
                 salvianolic acid L) 
                 0.02 μg/ml 
                 550.336 ± 25.83 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *P &lt; 0.05, compared with the model group (0.5 mM H 2 O 2  + DMSO); 
               
               
                 **P &lt; 0.01, compared with the model group (0.5 mM H 2 O 2  + DMSO); 
               
               
                   ## P &lt; 0.01, compared with the solvent control group (DMSO). 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Wherein the drug treatment group was compared with the model group (0.5 mM H 2 O 2 +EtOAc), while the model group (H 2 O 2 +EtOAc) was compared with the solvent control group (EtOAc). 
     4. Effect of Drug on the Survival Rate of PC12 Cell of Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation 
     a. PC12 cells at exponential growth phase in good condition were washed with PBS twice, followed by addition of 0.25% trypsin digestive solution to perform digestion at 37° C. for about 1 min. This reaction was ended by addition of blood serum-contained culture medium, centrifuged and resuspended, then counted the cells to prepare a suspension with a cell density of 2×10 4 −4×10 4  cells/ml. 
     b. The resulting cell suspension was inoculated into 96-well microplate with 180 μl in each well (n=3) and incubated in constant temperature CO 2  incubator at 37° C. for 24 hours. 
     c. Grouping and treatments: there were 4 groups: blank control group (normoxia+0.1% DMSO), model group (OGD+DMSO, oxygen-glucose deprivation), positive control group (Edaravone) and the drug treatment group. 
     Model group: the culture medium for the cells in microplate was changed to glucose-free DMEM, placed in a hypoxic chamber, and started to record time for 0.5 hour when O 2 % was less than 2.6, and then transferred to a routine incubator to culture overnight. 
     Positive control group: Edaravone (2 μg/ml ) was used as a positive drug. Drug was added and pre-treated for 6 hours, and then the culture medium was replaced with glucose-free DMEM medium, 180 μl per well. The drug was added again, placed in a hypoxic chamber, started to record time for 0.5 hour when 0 2 % was less than 2.6, and then transferred to a routine incubator to culture overnight. 
     Drug treatment group: the drug at different concentrations was added and pre-treated for 6 hours, the culture medium was changed to glucose-free DMEM medium, 180 μl per well. The drug was added again, placed in a hypoxic chamber, started to record time for 0.5 hour when O 2 % was less than 2.6, and then transferred to a routine incubator to culture overnight. 
     d. Resulting supernatant was collected the next day with 20 μl per well, which was used for determination of LDH activity. 
     e. The activity of cell was determined by MTT method. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 14 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect of drug on the cell survival rate of PC12 cell of oxygen-glucose 
               
               
                 deprivation 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Final 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Group 
                 concentration 
                 Survival rate (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Blank control group 
                 0.1% DMSO 
                   100 ± 0.27 
               
               
                   
                 (Normoxia + DMSO) 
                 0.01% DMSO 
                   100 ± 0.68 
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.001% DMSO 
                   100 ± 0.77 
               
               
                   
                 Blank control group 
                 0.1% EtOAc 
                   100 ± 1.07 
               
               
                   
                 (Normoxia + EtOAc) 
                 0.01% EtOAc 
                   100 ± 0.45 
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.001% EtOAc 
                   100 ± 1.02 
               
               
                   
                 Model group 
                 0.1% EtOAc 
                 29.19 ± 1.65 ##   
               
               
                   
                 (OGD + EtOAc) 
                 0.01% EtOAc 
                 30.15 ± 1.47 ##   
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.001% EtOAc 
                 31.26 ± 2.08 ##   
               
               
                   
                 Model group 
                 0.1% DMSO 
                 26.65 ± 1.17 ##   
               
               
                   
                 (OGD + DMSO) 
                 0.01% DMSO 
                 31.75 ± 0.77 ##   
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.001% DMSO 
                 38.54 ± 1.75 ##   
               
               
                   
                 Positive control group 
                 2 μg/ml 
                 39.99 ± 0.55** 
               
               
                   
                 (OGD + Edaravone) 
                 0.2 μg/ml 
                 36.37 ± 2.52* 
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.02 μg/ml 
                 44.75 ± 1.02** 
               
               
                   
                 Treatment group 
                 2 μg/ml 
                 42.35 ± 1.75** 
               
               
                   
                 (No. 1 extract of the 
                 0.2 μg/ml 
                 40.13 ± 0.34** 
               
               
                   
                 salvianolic acid L) 
                 0.02 μg/ml 
                 34.33 ± 0.9 
               
               
                   
                 Treatment group 
                 2 μg/ml 
                 40.58 ± 2.79* 
               
               
                   
                 (No. 2 extract of the 
                 0.2 μg/ml 
                  46.6 ± 2.42** 
               
               
                   
                 salvianolic acid L) 
                 0.02 μg/ml 
                 46.83 ± 1.5** 
               
               
                   
                 Treatment group 
                 2 μg/ml 
                 35.96 ± 1.44 
               
               
                   
                 (yellowish powder: the 
                 0.2 μg/ml 
                 36.68 ± 2.72* 
               
               
                   
                 salvianolic acid L) 
                 0.02 μg/ml 
                 47.74 ± 1.72** 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 *P &lt; 0.05, compared with the model group (OGD + DMSO); 
               
               
                   
                 **P &lt; 0.01, compared with the model group (OGD + DMSO); 
               
               
                   
                   ## P &lt; 0.01, compared with the blank control group (Normoxia + DMSO). Wherein, the drug treatment group was compared with the blank control group (OGD + EtOAc), while the model group (OGD + EtOAc) was compared with the blank control group (Normoxia + DMSO). 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     f. LDH Activity 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 15 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect of drug on LDH activity of PC12 cell of oxygen-glucose 
               
               
                 deprivation (OGD) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Group 
                 Final concentration 
                 LDH activity (U/L) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Blank control group 
                 0.1% DMSO 
                  21.08 ± 5.17 
               
               
                 (Normoxia + DMSO) 
                 0.01% DMSO 
                  24.01 ± 7.31 
               
               
                   
                 0.001% DMSO 
                  22.01 ± 11.55 
               
               
                 Blank control group 
                 0.1% EtOAc 
                  23.96 ± 10.33 
               
               
                 (Normoxia + EtOAc) 
                 0.01% EtOAc 
                  20.78 ± 5.17 
               
               
                   
                 0.001% EtOAc 
                  22.37 ± 7.31 
               
               
                 Model group 
                 0.1% EtOAc 
                  46.35 ± 11.55 ##   
               
               
                 (OGD + EtOAc) 
                 0.01% EtOAc 
                  42.39 ± 5.17 ##   
               
               
                   
                 0.001% EtOAc 
                  58.92 ± 10.33 ##   
               
               
                 Model group 
                 0.1% DMSO 
                  49.22 ± 5.17 ##   
               
               
                 (OGD + DMSO) 
                 0.01% DMSO 
                  40.27 ± 5.17 ##   
               
               
                   
                 0.001% DMSO 
                  62.64 ± 14.61 ##   
               
               
                 Positive control group 
                 2 μg/ml 
                  31.32 ± 5.17** 
               
               
                 (OGD + Edaravone) 
                 0.2 μg/ml 
                  22.37 ± 5.17** 
               
               
                   
                 0.02 μg/ml 
                  40.27 ± 5.17* 
               
               
                 Drug treatment group 
                 2 μg/ml 
                  31.32 ± 5.17** 
               
               
                 (No. 1 extract of the 
                 0.2 μg/ml 
                  44.74 ± 10.33 
               
               
                 salvianolic acid L) 
                 0.02 μg/ml 
                  80.54 ± 30.13 
               
               
                 Drug treatment group 
                 2 μg/ml 
                 102.91 ± 25.83 
               
               
                 (No. 2 extract of the 
                 0.2 μg/ml 
                  31.32 ± 5.17* 
               
               
                 salvianolic acid L) 
                 0.02 μg/ml 
                  67.11 ± 5.17 
               
               
                 Drug treatment group 
                 2 μg/ml 
                  40.27 ± 5.17* 
               
               
                 (yellowish powder: the 
                 0.2 μg/ml 
                  31.32 ± 11.55 
               
               
                 salvianolic acid L) 
                 0.02 μg/ml 
                  53.69 ± 29.23 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *P &lt; 0.05, compared with the model group (OGD + DMSO); 
               
               
                 **P &lt; 0.01, compared with the model group (OGD + DMSO); 
               
               
                   ## P &lt; 0.01, compared with the blank-control group (Normoxia + DMSO). Wherein, the drug treatment group was compared with the blank control group (OGD + EtOAc), while the model group (OGD + EtOAc) was compared with the blank control group (Normoxia + EtOAc). 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Conclusions: 
     Results of the experiment: When treated with the salvianolic acid L lyophilized powder at the dosage of 0.02 μg/ml, the cell survival rate of H 2 O 2 -damaged PC12 cells was 47% (P&lt;0.05); while at the dosage of 0.2 μg/ml, LDH activity was 474 (P&lt;0.05). As for No. 1 extract of the salvianolic acid L at the dosage of 0.02, 0.2 and 2 μg/ml, LDH activities were 483(P&lt;0.01), 416 (P&lt;0.01) and 465 (P&lt;0.05) respectively; while for No. 2 extract of the salvianolic acid L at the dosage of 0.2 and 2 μg/ml, LDH activities were 407 (P&lt;0.01) and 488 (P&lt;0.01) respectively, compared with the model group, they both had an effect of reducing LDH activity. 
     When treated with the salvianolic acid L lyophilized powder at the dosage of 0.02 and 0.2 μg/ml, the survival rates of OGD cells were 48% (P&lt;0.01) and 37% (P&lt;0.05) respectively. With regard to No. 1 extract of the salvianolic acid L at the dosage of 0.2 and 2 μg/ml, the survival rates were 40% (P&lt;0.01) and 42% (P&lt;0.01) respectively, while about No. 2 extract of the salvianolic acid L at the dosage of 0.02, 0.2 and 2 μg/ml, the survival rates were 47% (P&lt;0.01), 47% (P&lt;0.01)  a nd 41% (P&lt;0.05) respectively. When treated with the salvianolic acid L lyophilized powder at the dosage of 2 μg/ml, LDH activity was 40 (P&lt;0.05). Moreover, with regard to No. 1 extract of the salvianolic acid L at the dosage of 2 μg/ml, LDH activity was 31 (P&lt;0.01), while No. 2 extract of the salvianolic acid L at the dosage of 0.2 μg/ml, LDH activity was 31 (P&lt;0.05). 
     As shown in the experiment, not only did the salvianolic acid L lyophilized powder have a significantly improving effect on in vitro neuronal injury caused by OGD or H 2 O 2 , but also increased survival rate of the cells. Therefore, it was confirmed that the salvianolic acid L had functions of protecting nerve cells in condition of oxygen deprivation, glucose deprivation and over-oxidation. 
     Pharmacodynamic Example 5  
     Protective Effect of the Salvianolic Acid L Lyophilized Powder and Extracts on Experimental Acute Myocardial Ischemia in Rats 
     Experimental Materials: 
     1. Test materials and reagents: pituitrin (Pit) injection was produced by Nanjing Xinbai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. with the batch No. of 070302. Normal saline was produced by Tianjin Tian&#39;an Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. with the batch No. of 200605241, specification: 500 ml/bottle. 
     2. Main apparatus: MedLab® 8-chanal biophysiological recorder was produced by Nanjing Medease Science and Technology Co., Ltd. 
     3. Animals: SD rats, male or female in proper body-weight, were provided by Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd., with the certificate No. of SCXK (Jing) 2007-0001. All rats were fed with rat special diet (produced by Beijing Keaoxieli Diet Co., Ltd.) and tap water in animal feeding room at room temperature of 20-25° C., illuminated for 12 hours. 
     Experimental Methods 
     1. Design of Administration Dose 
     Content of No. 1 extract was 6.825 g crude drugs/g and No. 2 extract was 4.162 g crude drugs/g. 
     For both No. 1 and No. 2 extracts, there were two groups of high-dose and low-dose: 1.086 g crude drugs/kg and 0.543 g crude drugs/kg respectively. According to the dose conversion of the crude drugs, administration dose of the salvianolic acid L lyophilized powder in high-dose No. 1 extract was 4.67 mg/kg, and 2.33 mg/kg in low-dose group. No salvianolic acid L was found in No. 2 extract. 
     Administration dose of the salvianolic acid L lyophilized powder was 10.0 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg. 
     2. Grouping 2.1 Screening of Animals 
     Before formal experiment, rats were injected via vena caudalis with pituitrin (Pit) (1 U/kg). Normal ECG and the ECG of 5 min after injection were recorded to observe J point elevation and T wave abnormality. Animals who had abnormal ECG before injection or who were insensitive to Pit were rejected. 
     2.2 Grouping of Animals 
     Desirable rats were divided into 7 groups: {circle around (1)} model control group, {circle around (2)} No. 1 extract of Danshen low-dose group (A group), {circle around (3)} No. 1 extract of Danshen high-dose group (B group), {circle around (4)} No. 2 extract of Danshen low-dose group (C group), {circle around (5)} No. 2 extract of Danshen high-dose group (D group), {circle around (6)} Salvianolic acid L lyophilized powder low-dose group (E group), and {circle around (7)} Salvianolic acid L lyophilized powder high-dose group (F group). 
     3. Experimental Methods 
     SD rats, half male and half female, were randomly divided into groups, 8 animals in each group. The rats in the treatment groups were drenched with aqueous suspensions of different sample each day, while the rats in the model control group were drenched with equal volume of normal saline. All animals were consecutively administered for 7 days. 40min after final administration, the rats were anesthetized and connected with devices to record lead II normal ECG. The pituitrin (Pit) was injected at a constant speed in the dosage of 1 U/kg body weight via vena caudalis within about 10 s. ECG changes were recorded at 0 s, 5 s, 10 s, 15 s, 30 s, 45 s, 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 4 min, 5 min, 10 min and 15 min after administration. Differences between pre injection and post injection of Pit of each group as well as between the treatment group and the model control group were compared to analyze changes of J point and T wave, and the data were analyzed by t-test. 
     Experimental Results 
     1. Effect on J Point 
     As shown in the results, compared with the model control group, the elevation extent of J point of ECG in F group (Salvianolic acid L lyophilized powder high-dose group) is less at 15 s, 30 s and 45 s in pituitrin-caused acute myocardial ischemia and the difference had statistical significance under the present experimental condition (P&lt;0.05). Compared with the model control group, the elevation extent of J point of ECG in B group (No. 1 extract of Danshen high-dose group) is less at 15 s and the difference had statistical significance (P&lt;0.05). Compared with the model control group, however, other groups showed no significant difference at each time-point. Data were seen in Table 16. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 16 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect of the different extracts administration groups on ECG J point in acute myocardial ischemia 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Time points 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Groups 
                 normal 
                 0 s 
                 15 s 
                 30 s 
                 45 s 
                 1 min 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Model 
                 −0.059 ± 0.083 
                 −0.029 ± 0.070 
                   0.020 ± 0.059 
                 −0.028 ± 0.070 
                 −0.031 ± 0.100 
                 −0.004 ± 0.055 
               
               
                 A group 
                 −0.075 ± 0.096 
                   0.039 ± 0.074 
                   0.046 ± 0.060 
                   0.008 ± 0.073 
                 −0.009 ± 0.099 
                   0.004 ± 0.090 
               
               
                 B group 
                 −0.045 ± 0.061 
                 −0.051 ± 0.077 
                 −0.067 ± 0.093* 
                 −0.041 ± 0.077 
                 −0.018 ± 0.072 
                   0.013 ± 0.076 
               
               
                 C group 
                 −0.036 ± 0.064 
                 −0.060 ± 0.087 
                 −0.020 ± 0.096 
                 −0.057 ± 0.112 
                 −0.020 ± 0.101 
                 −0.027 ± 0.084 
               
               
                 D group 
                   0.003 ± 0.076 
                   0.069 ± 0.070* 
                   0.060 ± 0.075 
                   0.017 ± 0.098 
                   0.080 ± 0.077* 
                   0.106 ± 0.070* 
               
               
                 E group 
                 −0.032 ± 0.046 
                 −0.040 ± 0.057 
                 −0.023 ± 0.076 
                 −0.051 ± 0.092 
                 −0.030 ± 0.081 
                 −0.026 ± 0.074 
               
               
                 F group 
                 −0.024 ± 0.056 
                 −0.038 ± 0.047 
                 −0.070 ± 0.045* 
                 −0.068 ± 0.028* 
                 −0.049 ± 0.010* 
                 −0.006 ± 0.087 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Time points 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Groups 
                 2 min 
                 3 min 
                 4 min 
                 5 min 
                 10 min 
                 15 min 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Model 
                 −0.040 ± 0.059 
                 −0.114 ± 0.079 
                 −0.132 ± 0.070 
                 −0.072 ± 0.061 
                 −0.033 ± 0.043 
                 −0.040 ± 0.075 
               
               
                 A group 
                   0.002 ± 0.098 
                   0.005 ± 0.079* 
                   0.013 ± 0.087* 
                 −0.003 ± 0.082 
                 −0.0006 ± 0.102  
                   0.014 ± 0.119 
               
               
                 B group 
                 −0.036 ± 0.074 
                 −0.040 ± 0.054 
                 −0.042 ± 0.060* 
                 −0.033 ± 0.066 
                 −0.086 ± 0.117 
                 −0.085 ± 0.102 
               
               
                 C group 
                 −0.016 ± 0.052 
                   0.001 ± 0.054* 
                 −0.021 ± 0.077* 
                 −0.030 ± 0.090 
                 −0.005 ± 0.109 
                 −0.020 ± 0.106 
               
               
                 D group 
                   0.035 ± 0.133 
                 −0.020 ± 0.223 
                   0.077 ± 0.041* 
                   0.069 ± 0.032* 
                    0.088 ± 0.085* 
                   0.027 ± 0.111 
               
               
                 E group 
                 −0.019 ± 0.062 
                   0.003 ± 0.079 
                 −0.018 ± 0.107 
                 −0.023 ± 0.087 
                 −0.015 ± 0.108 
                 −0.018 ± 0.098 
               
               
                 F group 
                 −0.032 ± 0.153 
                 −0.087 ± 0.093 
                 −0.079 ± 0.076 
                 −0.069 ± 0.081 
                 −0.088 ± 0.088 
                 −0.027 ± 0.120 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *Compared with the model control group, there was a significant difference (P &lt; 0.05) 
               
            
           
         
       
     
       2 . Effect on T Wave 
     As shown in the results, compared with the model control group, the elevation extent of T wave of ECG of F group (Salvianolic acid L lyophilized powder high-dose group) at 15 s and 30 s is less, and the difference had statistical significance under the present experimental condition (P&lt;0.05). Similarly, compared with the model control group, the elevation extent of T wave of ECG in B group (No. 1 extract of Danshen high-dose group) at 15 s is less, and the difference had statistical significance (P&lt;0.05). Compared with the model control group, however, other groups showed no significant difference at each time-point. Data were seen in Table 17. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 17 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect of the different extracts administration groups on ECG T wave in acute myocardial ischemia 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Time points 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Groups 
                 normal 
                 0 s 
                 15 s 
                 30 s 
                 45 s 
                 1 min 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Model 
                 0.095 ± 0.092 
                 0.150 ± 0.078 
                 0.260 ± 0.082 
                 0.120 ± 0.099 
                 0.089 ± 0.118 
                 0.161 ± 0.016 
               
               
                 A group 
                 0.163 ± 0.091 
                 0.416 ± 0.368 
                 0.247 ± 0.072 
                 0.199 ± 0.069 
                 0.170 ± 0.116 
                 0.202 ± 0.063 
               
               
                 B group 
                 0.156 ± 0.090 
                 0.171 ± 0.143 
                 0.165 ± 0.064* 
                 0.104 ± 0.163 
                 0.121 ± 0.117 
                 0.148 ± 0.065 
               
               
                 C group 
                 0.122 ± 0.131 
                 0.121 ± 0.167 
                 0.257 ± 0.246 
                 0.229 ± 0.098 
                 0.244 ± 0.073* 
                 0.247 ± 0.086* 
               
               
                 D group 
                 0.177 ± 0.101 
                 0.258 ± 0.079* 
                 0.287 ± 0.076 
                 0.249 ± 0.068* 
                 0.354 ± 0.222* 
                 0.290 ± 0.105* 
               
               
                 E group 
                 0.102 ± 0.103 
                 0.130 ± 0.201 
                 0.207 ± 0.136 
                 0.194 ± 0.159 
                 0.187 ± 0.173 
                 0.139 ± 0.186 
               
               
                 F group 
                 0.097 ± 0.141 
                 0.124 ± 0.179 
                 0.151 ± 0.096* 
                 0.094 ± 0.084* 
                 0.142 ± 0.102 
                 0.139 ± 0.175 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Time points 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Groups 
                 2 min 
                 3 min 
                 4 min 
                 5 min 
                 10 min 
                 15 min 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Model 
                 0.120 ± 0.105 
                 0.043 ± 0.161 
                 0.057 ± 0.196 
                 0.124 ± 0.158 
                 0.151 ± 0.097 
                 0.121 ± 0.160 
               
               
                 A group 
                 0.208 ± 0.086 
                 0.222 ± 0.053* 
                 0.160 ± 0.100 
                 0.208 ± 0.064 
                 0.164 ± 0.146 
                 0.135 ± 0.176 
               
               
                 B group 
                 0.167 ± 0.053 
                 0.151 ± 0.065 
                 0.105 ± 0.082 
                 0.161 ± 0.075 
                 0.114 ± 0.132 
                 0.075 ± 0.160 
               
               
                 C group 
                 0.226 ± 0.085* 
                 0.188 ± 0.066* 
                 0.176 ± 0.141 
                 0.164 ± 0.143 
                 0.177 ± 0.063 
                 0.170 ± 0.129 
               
               
                 D group 
                 0.192 ± 0.213 
                 0.126 ± 0.279 
                 0.235 ± 0.043 
                 0.233 ± 0.033 
                 0.205 ± 0.070 
                 0.189 ± 0.185 
               
               
                 E group 
                 0.142 ± 0.185 
                 0.121 ± 0.166 
                 0.116 ± 0.119 
                 0.204 ± 0.243 
                 0.197 ± 0.163 
                 0.181 ± 0.121 
               
               
                 F group 
                 0.130 ± 0.201 
                 0.096 ± 0.179 
                 0.137 ± 0.143 
                 0.163 ± 0.133 
                 0.185 ± 0.107 
                 0.195 ± 0.235 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *Compared with the model control group, there was a significant difference (P &lt; 0.05) 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Conclusions: 
     Compared with the model control group, the elevation extent of J point of ECG and T wave in F group (Salvianolic acid L lyophilized powder high-dose group) is less at 15 s and 30 s, and the difference had statistical significance (P&lt;0.05). 
     Compared with the model control group, both J point and T wave at 15 s are significantly decreased in B group (No. 1 extract of Danshen high-dose group) (P&lt;0.05). 
     Compared with the model control group, other groups showed no significant decrease in J point and T wave at each time-point. 
     As shown in result, under this study, the salvianolic acid L lyophilized powder (10 mg/kg) and No. 1 extract containing the salvianolic acid L at concentration of 4.67 mg/kg had effect of anti-acute myocardiac ischemia, but no effect of anti-acute myocardiac ischemia had been observed under the experimental dosage in No. 2 extract that did not contain the salvianolic acid L. 
     Discussions for Attentions: 
     1. Definition of J point: the combination point of the ending of QRS wave group and ST segment. 
     2. Due to the constrictive effect on coronary vessel of pituitrin, intravenous injection of pituitrin can induce acute myocardial ischemia in normal rats, resulting in obvious elevation of both J point and T wave in ECG. The shift of J point in the drug treatment group had significantly recovered and T wave had decreased to normal level gradually after the tested drug was administered, this suggested that the drug had antagonistic effect on acute myocardial ischemia induced by the constrictive effect of pituitrin on coronary vessel. The drug, having therapeutic effect whether on I phase abnormality (induced by pituitrin within 0-45 s) or II phase abnormality (induced by pituitrin within 45 s-15 min), was usually believed to have the effect of anti-myocardial ischemia. 
     3. During the experiment, the pituitrin of the same batch number should be used to avoid the effect of the potency unit of drug on the experimental results. Pituitrin should be injected at an interval of more than 2 hours to avoid drug resistance. Preferably, the selected animals are used every other day.