Patent Publication Number: US-2007100840-A1

Title: Preference information processing system, recording apparatus, information processing apparatus and communication method

Description:
CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
      The present invention contains subject matter related to Japanese Patent Application JP 2005-282996 filed in the Japanese Patent Office on Sep. 28, 2005, the entire contents of which being incorporated herein by reference.  
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
      1 . Field of the Invention  
      The present invention relates to a preference information processing system having a plurality of information processing apparatus adapted to share preference information acquired on the basis of user operations for contents on a recording apparatus communicable with each of the information processing apparatus. The present invention also relates to a recording apparatus communicable with a plurality of information processing apparatus and sharing preference information that is based on the operations performed by users for contents at the plurality of information processing apparatus. The present invention also relates to an information processing apparatus communicable with a recording apparatus containing a preference information control section for managing/editing preference information that is based on the operations performed by users for contents and a preference information database controlled by the preference information control section. The present invention also relates to a communication method to be used in a preference information processing system having a plurality of information processing apparatus adapted to share preference information acquired on the basis of user operations for contents on a recording apparatus communicable with each of the information processing apparatus.  
      2. Description of the Related Art  
      Available frequency bands are assigned to broadcasting stations that provide broadcasting services including analog or digital terrestrial and satellite broadcasting services in advance and each broadcasting station broadcasts program data of its own by way of the frequency bands assigned to it. The receiving set installed in the house of a viewer/listener (to be referred to as IRD (integrated receiver decoder) hereinafter) selects the program data from the desired broadcasting station in response to an operation by the user/viewer/listener, which may typically a tuning in operation, decodes the selected program data from the broadcasting station and displays the program on an external monitor. If the IRD is connected to an HDD (hard disc drive), the program data are recorded in the HDD.  
      In a broadcasting system as described above, a specific broadcasting station typically periodically delivers electronic program guide (to be referred to as EPG hereinafter) data summarily showing the contents of the programs provided by the broadcasting stations of the system for the purpose of notifying viewers of the programs. EPG data include program titles, times and dates of broadcasting of programs, broadcasting channels, descriptions of programs, performers and so on so that the audience can consult EPG data when selecting one or more than one programs to be viewed and/or recorded.  
      In this case, the IRD receives the EPG data periodically transmitted from the broadcasting station to store the data in a memory, and reads the EPG data from the memory in accordance with a display operation of the viewer/listener to display the data on the external monitor. Thus, the viewer/listener can visually check the EPG data displayed on the monitor and determine a program to be viewed.  
      While EPG data contain information on a vast number of programs, the display screen of the monitor for displaying the EPG data is limited so that only information on part of the vast number of programs can be displayed on the display screen of the monitor. Therefore, the viewer/listener has to scroll the image being displayed on the display screen in order to retrieve the desired program from the vast number of programs. Such a retrieving operation may be cumbersome to the viewer/listener.  
      A technique has been proposed to avoid such cumbersome retrieving operations. With the proposed technique, the user inputs a keyword for retrieving the desired program out of the vast number of programs contained in EPG data and the program is retrieved by means of the input keyword. Then, the results of the retrieving operation are displayed on the display screen.  
      However, with the proposed technique, the user has to input the keyword typically by way of a keyboard and hence the effect of reducing the amount of operation necessary to retrieve the desired program is not satisfactory. Additionally, since the program retrieving operation is based only a keyword, there are occasions where programs that are not liking of the user are retrieved.  
      Patent Document 1 (WO01/043429) discloses an information retrieving apparatus that stores use history information of a recording medium for recording pieces of information that are acquired as a result of using the recording medium in a storage means and information that matches the liking of the user is retrieved from the plurality of pieces of information stored in the storage means according to the use history information. With this arrangement, programs that match the liking of the user can be retrieved with ease without making the user input any key information, which may otherwise be necessary for retrieving information, so that the amount of operation for retrieving information is dramatically reduced.  
      Patent Document 2 (Jpn. Pat. Appln. Laid-Open Publication No. 2004-72502) discloses an automatic recording apparatus and an automatic recording method for automatically recording contents that match the liking of the user according to various operations performed by the user for his or her favorite contents regardless if the liking of the user is complex and diverse. The disclosed automatic contents recording apparatus includes an operation history managing means for preparing history information on the operations relating to liking for contents that are performed by the user by using a preference value parameter of the operation of each of the different types on the basis of the operations of a plurality of different types relating to liking for contents and descriptive information on the contents for which the operations are performed, a preference information managing means for preparing and updating preference information including preference values of a plurality of elements relating to liking for contents by using the coefficient parameter of each of the plurality of elements based on the history information and a contents recommendation means for computationally determining the degree of liking for each set of contents according to the preference information and the descriptive information on the contents and making reservations for sets of contents according to the degrees of liking so as to record the sets of contents for which reservations are made.  
      As the related art, information processing apparatus  3  including a user operation manager (managing section)  31 , an EPG manager  32 , an action manager  33 , a general control section  34 , a preference information control section  35  and a preference information database  36  as shown in  FIG. 1  of the accompanying drawings are known. Particularly, HDD recording apparatus containing an HDD for recording video information and audio information have become popular. Such an HDD recording apparatus  3  is adapted to be connected to a television receiving set so as to reproduce the video information recorded in an HDD and display the recorded programs for the user for viewing.  
      The user operation manager  31  of the HDD recording apparatus  3  manages the user operations performed by means of the operation panel or the remote control unit of the apparatus and delivers information on the user operations relating to liking for programs to the general control section  34 .  
      The EPG manager  32  extracts the EPGs that are delivered periodically from a specific broadcasting station by means of an electric wave from the electric wave and sends them to the general control section  34 .  
      The general control section  34  generates a message for the preference values that relate to the EPGs for which the user operations are performed, using the information on the user operation from the user operation manager  31  and the EPG information from the EPG manager and sends it to the preference information control section  35 .  
      The preference information control section  35  prepares and updates preference information typically including preference values of the elements relating to liking for contents (title keywords, keywords, genres, broadcasting time zones) contained in the EPG information by referring to the preference information database  36 , according to the message for the preference values generated by the general control section  34 .  
      The general control section  34  has the action manager  33  take actions for preset automatic video recording, downloading, retrieving shopping information, retrieving positional information and so on according to the preference values on the basis of the preference information prepared by the preference information control section  35  and EPG information on program to be broadcast in the future.  
      The action manager  33  actually presets the HDD contained in the apparatus for automatic video recording of programs under the control of the general control section  34 . In other words, presetting for automatic video recording of programs is controlled by the general control section  34 . The action manager also takes actions for downloading, retrieving shopping information, retrieving positional information and so on.  
      Meanwhile, apart from HDD recording apparatus to be connected to broadcasting systems in order to display reproduced images on television receiving sets, currently available information processing apparatus adapted to be connected to network systems such as the Internet in order to externally acquire contents include audio recording apparatus adapted to be connected to networks, personal computers, portable telephone sets, and portable terminal apparatus (PDAs).  
      Audio recording apparatus adapted to be connected to networks can download music information from predetermined servers to the HDD contained therein or a recording medium such as MD by way of the Internet. Personal computers can acquire video information such as movies, audio information and information for purchasing books of various types, CDs and DVDs by way of the Internet and record the acquired information in the HDD or the DVD contained therein. Portable telephone sets and PDAs can acquire video information, music information and the positional information of the user who owns such a set also by way of a wireless network.  
      With any of these information processing apparatus, by applying the Patent Documents 1 and 2, it is possible to realize the functional features of the apparatus illustrated in  FIG. 1  without difficulty.  FIG. 2  schematically illustrates a system for using preference information of information processing apparatus of various different types (including an HDD recording apparatus  3 , an audio recording apparatus  4 , a personal computer  5  and a portable telephone set  6 ). Referring to  FIG. 2 , the HDD recording apparatus  3  has functional units of a user operation manager (managing section)  31 , an EPG manager  32 , a reservation manager  33  that operates as an action manager, a general control section  34 , a preference information control section  35  and a preference information database  36 , which are described above. The audio recording apparatus  4  has functional units of a user operation manager  41 , a tune manager  42 , a download manager  43 , a general control section  44 , a preference information control section  45  and a preference information database  46 . The personal computer  5  has functional units of a user operation manager  51 , a web manager  52 , a web action manager  53 , a general control section  54 , a preference information control section  55  and a preference information database  56 . The portable telephone set  6  has functional units of a user operation manager  61 , a GPS manager  62 , a GPS action manager  63 , a general control section  64 , a preference information control section  65  and a preference information database  66 .  
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
      However, it is difficult for the above-described information processing apparatus to share the preference information of any of them. For instance, it is easy for an information processing apparatus  90  as schematically illustrated in  FIG. 3  to write the contents of the preference information databases  36 ,  46 ,  56  and  66  in a removable medium (e.g., flash memory)  91  but the preference information control sections  35 ,  45 ,  55  and  65  are specific to the respective apparatus  3 ,  4 ,  5  and  6  and the preference information databases  36 ,  46 ,  56  and  66  have respective formats that are different from each other so that it is very difficult to utilize the contents of the preference information databases  36 ,  46 ,  56  and  66  stored in the flash memory  91 .  
      In view of the above-identified circumstances of the related art, it is therefore desirable to provide a preference information processing system, a recording apparatus, an information processing apparatus and a communication method that make it possible to share the preference information of each of such apparatus. 
    
    
      According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a preference information processing system which has a plurality of information processing apparatus adapted to share preference information acquired on the basis of user operations for contents on a recording apparatus communicable with each of the information processing apparatus, wherein each of the plurality of information processing apparatus includes a user operation managing section that manages user operations for the contents, an attribute information managing section that manages attribute information of the contents, an action managing section that manages actions for the contents, and a general control section that controls the user operation managing section, the attribute information managing section and the action managing section, and communicates with the recording apparatus, and the recording apparatus contains a preference information database and a preference information control section that manages/edits preference information, which are shared by the plurality of information processing apparatus.  
      Since the recording apparatus contains a preference information database and a preference information control section that manages and edits preference information and is communicable with each of the variety of information processing apparatus, the general control section of each of the information processing apparatus can communicate with the preference information control section and manage actions on the basis of preference information.  
      According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a recording apparatus communicable with a plurality of information processing apparatus and adapted to share preference information acquired on the basis of user operations for contents in the plurality of information processing apparatus, which contains a preference information database and a preference information control section that manages/edits preference information, which are information clearly showing the title of a set of contents such as “this TV program” is handled with the medium-dependent database format  9   a.    
      The basic database format  9   b  is a format for knowing the essence of the liking of the user regardless of the type of contents-supplying-medium.  
      It is possible to pursue the essence of the liking of the user beyond apparatus only when preference information is recorded by means of the basic database format  9   b . However, there may be occasions where it is desirable to record the title of a set of contents particularly when the user wants to “record this TV drama series every week”. For this reason, medium-dependent preference information is also recorded by conforming to the medium-dependent database format  9   a . Thus, it is possible for the preference information control section  8  to recommend sets of contents that are sorted well from a broad range of contents by using these two database formats.  
       FIG. 8  is a schematic illustration of the data structure of medium-dependent preference information conforming to a medium-dependent database format. Keywords and preference values are recorded by means of the XML. For example, this database format may be applied to TV broadcasting systems. It will be appreciated that &lt;title_keyword_list&gt;, &lt;keyword_list&gt;, &lt;genre_list&gt; and &lt;time_zone_list&gt; are described in the column of &lt;user_profile&gt;.  
      In the column of &lt;title_keyword_list&gt;, “Professional Baseball Games” is described to read as &lt;title keyword name=“Professional Baseball Games”&gt;12&lt;/title_keyword&gt; with a preference value of “12”. Similarly, “Quiz ∘×” is described to read as &lt;title_keyword name=“Quiz ∘×”&gt;20&lt;/title_keyword&gt; with a preference value of “20”.  
      In the column of &lt;keyword_list&gt;, a keyword name of “Corps ∘× in the morning” is described to read as &lt;keyword name=“Corps∘× in the morning”&gt;30&lt;/keyword&gt; with a preference value of “30”. Similarly, a keyword name of “Δ∘ko Hayashi” is described to read as “&lt;keyword name=“Δ∘ko Hayashi”&gt;20&lt;/keyword&gt; with a preference value of “20”. Likewise, a keyword name of “baseball” is described to read as &lt;keyword name=“baseball”&gt;10&lt;/keyword&gt; with a preference value of “10”. Additionally, a keyword name of “Midnight Drama Theater” is described to read as &lt;keyword name=“Midnight Drama Theater”&gt;25&lt;/keyword&gt; with a preference value of “25”.  
      In the column of &lt;genre_list&gt;, a genre name of “movie” is described to read as &lt;genre name=“movie”&gt;23&lt;/genre&gt; with a preference value of “23”. Similarly, a genre name of “sports” is described to read as &lt;genre name=“sports”&gt;−10&lt;/genre&gt; with a preference value of “−10”.  
      In the column of &lt;time_zone_list&gt;, “morning” is described to read as &lt;time_zone name=“morning”&gt;10&lt;time_zone” with a preference value of “10”. Similarly, “afternoon” is described to read as &lt;time_zone name=“afternoon”&gt;20&lt;time_zone&gt; with a preference value of “20”. Likewise, “night” is described to read as &lt;time_zone name=“night”&gt;−10&lt;time_zone&gt; with a preference value of “−10”.  
      The preference information control section  8  prepares a preference value in response to an inquiry from any of the general control sections  34 ,  44 ,  54  and  64  on the basis of the EPG information selected by a user operation by referring to the medium-dependent database  9   a  and adding the preference values of the lists.  
      As described above, the basic database  9   b  uses the database format that is a format for knowing the essence of the liking of the user regardless of the type of contents-supplying-medium. The simplest way of the use of the format may be recording keywords. Like the medium-dependent database  9   a , the basic database  9   b  records keywords and preference values by means of the XML.  
      Now, the format of message packets for preference information to be exchanged between the preference information control section  8  and the general control sections  34 ,  44 ,  54  and  64  will be described below.  
       FIG. 9  is a schematic illustration of data packets of three different types that flows among the information processing apparatus (contents recording apparatus)  3 ,  4 ,  5 ,  6  and the removable medium  7 . The removable medium  7  includes the preference information database  9  that uses two kinds of database formats ( 9   a ,  9   b ) as described above and the preference information control section  8 . It stores preference information in it and also performs processing operations for sorting preference information in the medium itself. Data packets are handled by both the basic database  9   b  and the medium-dependent database  9   a.    
      Inquiry packets are transmitted from the general control sections  34 ,  44 ,  54  and  64  of the information processing apparatus  3 ,  4 ,  5  and  6  to the removable medium  7  by way of the preference information control section  8 . Inquiry packets are data packets to be used for sending a keyword (e.g., a TV program title) for which any of the information processing apparatus wants to know the preference value.  
      The preference information control section  8  of the removable medium  7  transmits answer packets to the information processing apparatus  3 ,  4 ,  5  and  6  respectively by way of the general control sections  34 ,  44 ,  54  and  64 . An answer is a reply to an inquiry and contains preference values of two types, a medium-dependent preference value and a basic preference value.  
      The general control sections  34 ,  44 ,  54  and  64  of the information processing apparatus  3 ,  4 ,  5  and  6  transmit study info (user operation information) packets to the removable medium  7  by way of the preference information control section  8 . Study info is used by the preference information control section  8  as material for altering one or more than one values in the preference value database.  
       FIG. 10  is a schematic illustration of the format of inquiry packets of a message protocol. Inquiry is described as command type and the keyword for which the preference value is to be retrieved is described as parameter. The keyword may typically be a TV program title, a performer or a set of contents.  
       FIG. 11  is a schematic illustration of the format of answer packets of a message protocol. Answer is described as command type and the inquired keyword for which the preference value is to be retrieved is described as parameter ( 1 ). The keyword may typically be a TV program title, a performer or a set of contents. The outcome is described as parameter ( 2 ). Preference values of two types including a medium-dependent preference value and a basic preference value are described there.  
       FIG. 12  is a schematic illustration of the format of study info packets of a message protocol. Study is described as command type and one or more than one medium names that define a choice by means of one or more than one formats are described as parameter ( 1 ). The medium names may typically include TV, book, music, web and location. One or more than one names indicating so many sets of contents will be freely described as parameter ( 2 ). Such names may include the titles of sets of contents such as “Peace of the Galaxy” and “Dorayaki-kun”, the names of performers such as “∘Δ Smith”, the titles of events such as “Concert Promos” and/or the names of locations such as “Omote-sando”. How one or more than one actions are taken is described as parameter ( 3 ). How one or more than one actions are taken is defined by way of formats. For example, a choice including “recorded in a DVD”, “bought”, “erased”, “retrieved” and/or “stayed” may be defined as actions that are taken. Details will be described as parameter ( 4 ). Details are defined by way of formats. “None” will be selected when there is no detail to be described. When “stayed” is described as parameter ( 3 ), “3 hours” may be selected and described as parameter ( 4 ) correspondingly.  
      Now, the processing operation of preparing a preference value by the preference information control section will be described below. As the preference information control section transmits the preference value to a corresponding information processing apparatus by way of the general control section thereof, it takes the roles as described below.  
      The first role is a role of sending a preference value as answer to an inquiry from an information processing apparatus (transmission of an answer packet). The second role is a role of interpreting the study information transmitted from an information processing apparatus and restructuring the preference information database by altering the preference value by means of the medium-dependent database format and the basic database format.  
      The first role of sending a preference value as answer to an inquiry from an information processing apparatus will be described in greater detail below. As pointed out above, the preference value to be transmitted as answer includes a medium-dependent preference value and a basic preference value.  
      The medium-dependent preference value is determined by means of the formula (1) shown below.  
               Medium   ⁢     -     ⁢   dependent   ⁢           ⁢   preference   ⁢           ⁢   value     =       ∑     (     preference   ⁢           ⁢   values   ⁢           ⁢   of   ⁢           ⁢   hit   ⁢           ⁢   title   ⁢           ⁢   keywords     )       +     ∑     (     preference   ⁢           ⁢   values   ⁢             ⁢             ⁢   of   ⁢           ⁢   hit   ⁢           ⁢   keywords     )       +     genre   ⁢           ⁢   preference   ⁢           ⁢   value     +     time   ⁢           ⁢   zone   ⁢           ⁢   preference   ⁢           ⁢   value               (   1   )             
 
      The basic preference value is determined by means of the formula (2) shown below. 
 
Basic preference value=Σ (preference values of hit title keywords)  (2)
 
      Now, the second role of interpreting the study information and restructuring the preference information database will be described in greater detail below.  FIG. 13  is a schematic illustration of the method of altering a medium-dependent preference value. Referring to  FIG. 13 , when a study info packet is transmitted from any of the information processing apparatus  3 ,  4 ,  5  and  6  to the preference information control section  8  as shown in  FIG. 13 , the preference information control section adds. +10 points if the list of the TV medium in the medium-dependent database  9   a  of the medium-dependent database format includes “The Diet of Kings” but adds it to the list and sets 10 points as initial points if the list does not include the “The Diet of Kings”.  
       FIG. 14  is a schematic illustration of the method of altering a basic preference value. When a study info packet is transmitted from any of the information processing apparatus  3 ,  4 ,  5  and  6  to the preference information control section  8  as shown in  FIG. 14 , the preference information control section  8  adds +10 points to each of the keywords of “Maruo ∘∘”, Kakuko ΔΔ”, “□□ Hakoshi”, “Dameka ××”, “Maruzo ∘Δ”, “Fireworks Information”, “Kyoto Tour”, “Enjoying Nature” and “Cosmetic Information” but adds the missing one or ones to the list.  
      In this way, the preference information control section  8  alters one or more than one of the medium-dependent preference values of the medium-dependent database format and/or one or more than one basic preference values of the basic database to restructure the databases.  
       FIGS. 4, 6  and  7  illustrate the functional configurations of the information processing apparatus  3 ,  4 ,  5  and  6 . Now, the hardware configuration of the information processing apparatus will be described below by way of the HDD recording apparatus  3 .  FIG. 15  is a schematic illustration of the hardware configuration of the HDD recording apparatus  3 . In the HDD recording apparatus  3 , a tuner  311 , a demodulator  312 , a descrambler  313  and a demultiplexer  314  are connected in series, while a video decoder  315 , a video signal processing circuit  317 , an audio decoder  316  and a D/A converter  318  are respectively connected in series to the demultiplexer  314 .  
      The tuner  311  through the D/A converter  318 , a CPU  10 , a ROM  320 , a main memory (RAM)  321 , a removable medium  7 , an interface  323  for a remote controller, an interface  324  for an HDD (hard disc drive) and a communication interface  325  for Internet connection are linked to each other by way of a system bus  326 . An. HDD (hard disc drive)  327  for recording TV programs is connected to the interface  324 .  
      Remote controller  328  that belongs to the HDD recording apparatus  3  is provided with a power button, tuner buttons, a video recording preset button, an anti-erasure button for the recorded program, a presetting cancellation button, a replay button, directional keys and an enter key for selection on an EPG image and a keyword registration button.  
      When viewing a television program, a frequency band is selected by the tuner  311  from the digital broadcast signals input to the HDD recording apparatus  3  according to a tuning operation, using the remote controller  328 , and the signals of the selected frequency band are demodulated by the demodulator  312  and descrambled by the descrambler  313  before they are separated into packets of video/audio data of programs of a plurality of channels and packets of EPG information by the demultiplexer  314 .  
      Of the video/audio data of the packets of television programs of a plurality of channels, the video data and the audio data of a channel extracted according to the tuning operation, using the remote controller  328 , are decoded respectively by the video decoder  315  and the audio decoder  316  by means of the MPEG-2 Video and the MPEG-2 Audio. The packets of EPG information are sent to the CPU  10 .  
      The video signals decoded by the video decoder  315  and the video signals to be displayed as electronic program guide that are prepared by the CPU  10  by using the EPG information are converted into the NTSC format and subjected to mixing operations in the video signal processing circuit  317  so as to be output from the video output terminal  329  and sent to the display apparatus  2 .  
      The audio signals decoded by the audio decoder  316  are converted into analog signals by the D/A converter  318  so as to be output from the audio output terminal  30  and sent to the display apparatus  2 .  
      The CPU  10  controls the overall operation of the HDD recording apparatus  3  according to the programs and the data stored in the ROM  320 , using the main memory  321  as working memory.  
      The processes that the CPU  10  executes include processes same as those in ordinary tuner-containing video cassette recorders (such as tuning processes, video recording processes according to preset video recordings), keyword registration processes and program retrieving processes according to registered keywords as well as presetting processes for automatic recording of programs (as reservation manager  33 ) as described earlier. The processes that the CPU  10  executes also include those of the EPG manager  32  and those of the user operation manager  31 . In other words, the CPU  10  operates as the user operation manager  31 , the EPG manager  32  and the reservation manager  32  as shown in  FIG. 6 . Additionally, the CPU  10  also operates as the general control section  34 .  
      In the removable medium, the preference information control section  8  and the preference information database  9  function.  
      While the hardware configurations of the other information processing apparatus including the audio recording apparatus  4 , the personal computer  5  and the portable telephone set  6  will not be described here in detail, they include a CPU  10 , a ROM  320 , a main memory  321 , a removable medium  7 , an HDD  327  and I/F  324  similar to those illustrated in  FIG. 15 . In other words, the CPU  10  takes the roles of the user operation manager, the attribute information manager, the action manager and the general control section described above by referring to  FIGS. 4 and 6 , while the removable medium  7  has the preference information control section  8  and the preference information database  9  as in the case of the HDD recording apparatus  3 .  
       FIG. 16  is a schematic illustration of an exemplary removable medium that is a semiconductor memory, showing the configuration thereof. Referring to  FIG. 16 , the removable medium includes a power supply terminal  401 , an input/output terminal  402  for bidirectional data signal line I/O, a bus state input terminal  403  of bus state, a transfer clock input terminal  404 , a detection terminal  405  for plug-in/out detection, a clock input terminal  406 , a reset input terminal  407  and a grounding terminal  408 .  
      The power supply terminal  401  is used to externally supply operating power Vcc. The voltage of the operating power Vcc is between 5V and 3V The input/output terminal  402  is a data input/output terminal for actually inputting and outputting data by way of bidirectional data signal line I/O. The bidirectional data signal line I/O is similar to the bidirectional data signal line of SIM.  
      The bus state input terminal  403  is supplied with a bus state BS. A bus state BS shows the status of the bidirectional data signal line for the data to be transferred on the bidirectional data signal line with packet communication. For example, a processing operation is executed on the memory by changing the state by means of a TPC or data before accessing the data.  
      The use of an asynchronous mode that does not utilize any bus state BS is also possible for inputting/outputting data. This is the half-duplex asynchronous communication protocol of ISO7816 being used for SIM.  
      A transfer serial clock SCLK is supplied to the transfer clock input terminal  404 . With this transfer clock SLCK, the clock generation is controlled by the bus state BS in the condition of packet communication. The transfer clock SCLK is not used for the half-duplex asynchronous communication protocol.  
      The detection terminal  405  is used by an external apparatus to detect the plug-in/out condition of a smart stick. This detection terminal  405  is grounded in the inside of the smart stick and connected to the power source by way of a pull-up resistor by the external apparatus. Therefore, the detection terminal  405  falls to level “L” when a memory stick is mounted, whereas it rises to level “H” when a memory stick is not mounted.  
      An operation clock CLK is supplied to the clock input terminal  406 . The operation clock is supplied to the CPU  416  in order to make the CPU  406  ready for operations.  
      A reset signal RST is supplied to the reset input terminal  407 . The contained CPU  416  is initialized by the reset signal RST. Additionally, serial/parallel converter  409 , control register  410 , scrambler  411   a  and other elements are also initialized by the reset signal RST. The grounding terminal  408  is connected to the ground Vss.  
      The serial/parallel converter  409  converts serial data into parallel data and vice versa for the purpose of exchanging data with an external apparatus. Serial data are transferred to and from the external apparatus by way of a bidirectional data communication line I/O but processing operations are performed internally by means of 8-bit parallel data. Thus, the serial/parallel converter  409  converts serial data into 8-bit parallel data and vice versa.  
      The register  410  includes a status register and a control register and is used by the CPU  416  to monitor and control the serial/parallel converter  409 .  
      The scrambler  411   a  is used to encrypt data and store encrypted data. Data are encrypted and stored in order to protect the stored data. If only the flash memory  415  can be taken out by some means or other, malicious persons may take out only the flash memory  415 , read the contents of the flash memory  415  and steal the contents in the flash memory  415  including personal information. However, when data are encrypted before they are stored in the flash memory  415 , the contents of the flash memory  415  including personal information can be protected if only the flash memory  415  is taken out and the contents are read.  
      The error detection code generating section  411   b  typically adds error detection codes such as CRC (cyclic redundancy check) codes to the data to be transferred from it and to those transferred to it and detects errors in the data to be transferred from it and those transferred to it. The reliability of data is secured by such error detecting operations.  
      The page buffer  412  temporarily stores data by a predetermined volume. It is used to temporarily store data when the serial/parallel converter  409  and the flash memory  415  exchange data.  
      The RAM  413  is used to store the results of arithmetic operations that take place temporarily and parameters when the CPU  416  processes an instruction issued by an external apparatus.  
      The ROM  414  mainly stores the programs that the CPU  416  has to process. Processing instructions typically include an open instruction system necessary for manufacturing or utilizing portable terminals and a secret managing instruction system including a numerical password necessary for security purposes when operating the scramble key generating section and using the data that can be utilized only by the issuer and/or the manager. The security feature is enhanced by providing such a secret managing instruction system.  
      The ROM  414  also stores programs for operating files that are externally visible and those for operating hidden files that are not able to be accessed without using a managing instruction system to be used only for processes relating to management and encryption.  
      The flash memory  415  is realized by using a non-volatile memory card typically having NAND type memory cells. Both visible files and externally invisible files that relate to management are stored in the flash memory  415  according to the directory description and the file description.  
      The CPU  416  processes the instructions transferred from the external apparatus, reading out the necessary programs from the read only memory  414  whenever necessary.  
      The CPU  416  operates as the preference information control section  8  illustrated in  FIGS. 4 and 6 . The flash memory  415  operates as the preference information database  9  also illustrated in  FIGS. 4 and 6 .  
      As described above in detail, with the preference information processing system  1 , the information processing apparatus belonging to the system can share the preference information of each of the apparatus. In other words, it is possible for the plurality of information processing apparatus to share the preference information they have by means of the removable medium. Then, as a result, each of the information processing apparatus can use information (preference information of the user) it has not hitherto been able to use so that it can recommend sets of contents that the user will surely prefer.  
      The preference information processing system  1  also provides an advantage of saving the cost of mounting a preference information control section in each of the information processing apparatus when it includes a removable medium.  
      Additionally, the user can save the effort necessary for inputting favorite keywords to all or most of the information processing apparatus. Still additionally, the user can suppress the risk that the all the preference information of the user flows to the unrelated information processing apparatus.  
      Meanwhile, not only memory cards and USB memories but also portable telephone sets can recently operate as removable medium. From the viewpoint of an information processing apparatus connected by way of a USB cable, it can use a portable telephone set that contains an HDD as removable medium. Similarly, from the viewpoint of an information processing apparatus connected by way of a USB cable, it can use a music player that contains an HDD or a flash memory as removable medium. In other words, such products are “fusion products” that can operate both as medium and appliance.  
      Such fusion products can be used as recording apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.  
       FIG. 17  illustrates a preference information processing system  500  according to another embodiment of the present invention. In the preference information processing system  500 , an HDD recording apparatus  3  is used as recording apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention and adapted to communicate with information processing apparatus including a television receiving set  2  and an audio recording apparatus  4  wirelessly or by way of wires. The television receiving set  2  has a user operation manager  31 , an EPG manager  32 , a reservation manager  33  and a general control section  34  as illustrated in  FIG. 18 .  
      On the other hand, the HDD recording apparatus  3  has a preference information control section  8  and a preference information database  9 . In the above-described preference information processing system  500 , the television receiving set  2  and the audio recording apparatus  4  that are host apparatus (information processing apparatus) communicate with the HDD recording apparatus  3  that operates as recording apparatus wirelessly or by way of wires according to a predetermined communication protocol.  
      It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alterations may occur depending on design requirements and other factors insofar as they are within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.