Patent Publication Number: US-2022230107-A1

Title: Regional gridding cumulative environmental risk evaluation system and method based on risk field

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application claims the benefit of Chinese Patent Application No. 202010037422.1 filed on Jan. 14, 2020, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure belongs to the field of environmental science and environmental risks, and particularly relates to a regional gridding cumulative environmental risk evaluation system and method based on a risk field. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Since the water pollution event occurred in Songhua River in 2005, the risk management of abrupt environmental incidents in China, especially the emergency management of sudden risks, has developed rapidly, and various policy documents have been introduced densely. However, the current “event-driven” environmental risk management mode in China cannot effectively identify specific environmental risk management objectives at all levels, and there is a lack of regional and integrated environmental risk analysis and evaluation methods and results, which causes that the environmental risk base is unclear, and national and regional major environmental risk factors cannot be effectively identified to achieve various environmental risk division, seriously hampering the development of environmental risk priority management for classification and regionalization. With environmental risk evaluation and drawing of a gridding environmental risk map in units of regions, the priority identification, classification, and regionalization management of environmental risks in China can be supported. 
     The environmental risks include a sudden environmental risk and a cumulative environmental risk. Aiming at regional gridding sudden environmental risk evaluation, China has issued “Recommended Measures for the Risk Evaluation of Abrupt Environmental Incidents in Administrative Regions” as the technical basis of regional sudden environmental risk evaluation based on a risk field. In terms of the cumulative environmental risk, the existing evaluation methods are mainly carried out on the basis of pollution concentration data, population exposure conditions, and corresponding exposure response relationships, and are difficult to apply when evaluating environmental risks lacking information of pollutant exposure and exposure response relationships. Therefore, the existing evaluation methods can generally only be used for cumulative risk evaluation of one or a limited number of pollutants with exposure response relationships. Although Chinese Patent Application No. 201610098851.3 discloses a regional integrated environmental risk evaluation and regionalization method, which evaluates an environmental risk from a macroscopic perspective, this method still relies on data such as pollutant exposure and exposure response relationships. 
     Therefore, based on the above analysis, the existing method relies on the data such as pollutant exposure and exposure response relationships, can only be used for cumulative risk evaluation of one or a limited number of pollutants with exposure response relationships, is difficult to adapt to gridding cumulative environmental risk evaluation when there are potential multiple pollutants exposure, and is inaccurate in evaluation and poor in universality. 
     SUMMARY 
     Technical Problem: The present disclosure provides a regional gridding cumulative environmental risk evaluation system and method based on a risk field. The system and the method are used for cumulative environmental risk evaluation, can be independent of information of pollutant exposure and exposure response relationships, are suitable for cumulative environmental risk evaluation when there are potential multiple pollutants exposure, are accurate in evaluation, and have high universality, scientificity, and accuracy. 
     Technical Solution: The regional gridding cumulative environmental risk evaluation system based on the risk field of the present disclosure includes a processor, a memory that stores operational instructions that executed by the processor, where the processor comprises a data acquisition unit, an evaluation analysis unit, and a risk visualization unit, the memory comprises a data storage unit. 
     The data acquisition unit is configured to acquire environmental risk related data in an evaluation region. 
     The data storage unit is configured to store the environmental risk related data acquired by the data acquisition unit. 
     The evaluation analysis unit is provided with a plurality of sub-evaluation analysis units according to categories of environmental media, and is configured to evaluate a cumulative environmental risk of each environmental medium and evaluate a cumulative integrated environmental risk integrating all the environmental media. 
     The risk visualization unit is configured to generate a cumulative environmental risk map and visually display a cumulative environmental risk condition in the evaluation region. 
     Further, the evaluation analysis unit includes: a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk evaluation analysis unit, configured to evaluate a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk; 
     a cumulative water environmental risk evaluation analysis unit, configured to evaluate a cumulative water environmental risk; 
     a cumulative soil environmental risk evaluation analysis unit, configured to evaluate a cumulative soil environmental risk; and 
     a cumulative integrated risk evaluation unit, configured to evaluate a cumulative integrated environmental risk integrating atmosphere, water, and soil. 
     The regional gridding cumulative environmental risk evaluation method based on the risk field of the present disclosure is used for cumulative environmental risk evaluation, using the cumulative environmental risk evaluation system, and specifically includes: 
     determining an evaluation region, performing grid division on the evaluation region, collecting environmental risk related data including pollution condition data, environmental management statistical data, and geographic information data in the evaluation region using a data acquisition module, and storing the environmental risk related data in the data storage unit; 
     establishing, for a plurality of environmental media, a cumulative environmental risk index evaluation model based on a cumulative environmental risk field intensity index, a cumulative environmental risk control mechanism index, and a cumulative environmental risk receptor index, and placing the cumulative environmental risk index evaluation model in the evaluation analysis unit for evaluating the cumulative environmental risks, the cumulative environmental risk index evaluation model including cumulative environmental risk indexes corresponding to various environmental media and a cumulative integrated environmental risk index integrating all the categories of environmental media, and a method for calculating the cumulative integrated environmental risk index being: 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 R 
                 ⁢ 
                 C 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   
                     ∑ 
                     
                       k 
                       = 
                       1 
                     
                     m 
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     R 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       C 
                       k 
                       5 
                     
                   
                 
                 5 
               
             
             , 
           
         
       
     
     where RC represents a cumulative integrated environmental risk index of a grid, RC k  represents a cumulative environmental risk index corresponding to a k th  environmental medium of the grid, k is a serial number, and m represents categories of environmental media in the grid; and 
     performing grade division on the cumulative environmental risks of the evaluation region, determining a grade corresponding to the cumulative environmental risk of each grid in the evaluation region, and drawing a cumulative environmental risk map by the risk visualization unit. 
     Further, a method for calculating the cumulative environmental risk indexes corresponding to various environmental media is: 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 RC 
                 k 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   
                     SF 
                     k 
                   
                   × 
                   
                     SV 
                     k 
                   
                   × 
                   
                     SM 
                     k 
                   
                 
                 3 
               
             
             , 
             
               k 
               = 
               
                 1 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                     
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 … 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                     
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 m 
               
             
             , 
           
         
       
     
     where RC k  represents a cumulative environmental risk index corresponding to a k th  environmental medium of a grid, SF k  represents a cumulative environmental risk field intensity index corresponding to the k th  environmental medium of the grid, SM k  represents a cumulative environmental risk control mechanism index corresponding to the k th  environmental medium of the grid, SV k  represents a cumulative environmental risk receptor index corresponding to the k th  environmental medium of the grid, k is a serial number, and m represents categories of environmental media in the grid. 
     Further, the environmental media include water, atmosphere, and soil, and the corresponding cumulative environmental risk field intensity indexes include: a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk field intensity index, a cumulative water environmental risk field intensity index, and a cumulative soil environmental risk field intensity index. 
     The corresponding cumulative environmental risk control mechanism indexes include: a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk control mechanism index, a cumulative water environmental risk control mechanism index, and a cumulative soil environmental risk control mechanism index. 
     The corresponding cumulative environmental risk receptor indexes include: a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk receptor index, a cumulative water environmental risk receptor index, and a cumulative soil environmental risk receptor index. 
     Further, a method for calculating the cumulative atmosphere environmental risk field intensity index is: 
     
       
         
           
             
               F 
               ⁢ 
               
                 A 
                 
                   x 
                   , 
                   y 
                 
               
             
             = 
             
               
                 ∑ 
                 i 
                 n 
               
               ⁢ 
               
                 
                   
                     DA 
                     i 
                   
                   ⁡ 
                   
                     ( 
                     
                       
                         u 
                         i 
                       
                       + 
                       1 
                     
                     ) 
                   
                 
                 2 
               
             
           
         
       
       
         
           
             
               DA 
               i 
             
             ⁢ 
             
                 
             
             = 
             
               
                 
                   SA 
                   i 
                 
                 × 
                 
                   MA 
                   i 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
       
         
           
             
               u 
               i 
             
             = 
             
               { 
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         1 
                         + 
                         
                           0 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             k 
                             1 
                           
                         
                         + 
                         
                           0 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             k 
                             2 
                           
                         
                         + 
                         
                           0 
                           ⁢ 
                           j 
                         
                       
                       , 
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         l 
                         i 
                       
                       ≤ 
                       
                         s 
                         1 
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               s 
                               2 
                             
                             - 
                             
                               l 
                               i 
                             
                           
                           
                             
                               s 
                               2 
                             
                             - 
                             
                               s 
                               1 
                             
                           
                         
                         + 
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 l 
                                 i 
                               
                               - 
                               
                                 s 
                                 1 
                               
                             
                             
                               
                                 s 
                                 2 
                               
                               - 
                               
                                 s 
                                 1 
                               
                             
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             k 
                             1 
                           
                         
                         + 
                         
                           0 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             k 
                             2 
                           
                         
                         + 
                         
                           0 
                           ⁢ 
                           j 
                         
                       
                       , 
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         s 
                         1 
                       
                       &lt; 
                       
                         l 
                         i 
                       
                       ≤ 
                       
                         s 
                         2 
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         0 
                         + 
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 s 
                                 3 
                               
                               - 
                               
                                 l 
                                 i 
                               
                             
                             
                               
                                 s 
                                 3 
                               
                               - 
                               
                                 s 
                                 2 
                               
                             
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             k 
                             1 
                           
                         
                         + 
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 l 
                                 i 
                               
                               - 
                               
                                 s 
                                 2 
                               
                             
                             
                               
                                 s 
                                 3 
                               
                               - 
                               
                                 s 
                                 2 
                               
                             
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             k 
                             2 
                           
                         
                         + 
                         
                           0 
                           ⁢ 
                           j 
                         
                       
                       , 
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         s 
                         2 
                       
                       &lt; 
                       
                         l 
                         i 
                       
                       ≤ 
                       
                         s 
                         3 
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         0 
                         + 
                         
                           0 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             k 
                             1 
                           
                         
                         + 
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 s 
                                 4 
                               
                               - 
                               
                                 l 
                                 i 
                               
                             
                             
                               
                                 s 
                                 4 
                               
                               - 
                               
                                 s 
                                 3 
                               
                             
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             k 
                             2 
                           
                         
                         + 
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 l 
                                 i 
                               
                               - 
                               
                                 s 
                                 3 
                               
                             
                             
                               
                                 s 
                                 4 
                               
                               - 
                               
                                 s 
                                 3 
                               
                             
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           j 
                         
                       
                       , 
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         s 
                         3 
                       
                       &lt; 
                       
                         l 
                         i 
                       
                       ≤ 
                       
                         s 
                         4 
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         0 
                         + 
                         
                           0 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             k 
                             1 
                           
                         
                         + 
                         
                           0 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             k 
                             2 
                           
                         
                         + 
                         
                           1 
                           j 
                         
                       
                       , 
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         l 
                         i 
                       
                       &gt; 
                       
                         s 
                         4 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     where FA x,y  is a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk field intensity index of a grid (x, y); DA i  is a source intensity of an i th  cumulative atmosphere environmental risk source; SA T  is an environmental risk index of the i th  cumulative atmosphere environmental risk source in the evaluation region; MA i  is an environmental risk management and control level index of the i th  cumulative atmosphere environmental risk source in the evaluation region; u i  is a connection degree between the i th  risk source and the grid (x, y); l i  is a distance between a center point of the grid (x, y) and the i th  risk source in km; and i is a serial number, k is a difference coefficient, and j is an opposite of coefficient, where n is the number of cumulative atmosphere environmental risk sources, s 1 , s 2 , s 3 , and s 4  are all constants used for dividing a spatial range in the calculation of the connection degree, and x and y are coordinates of the grid. 
     Further, after a grid is determined as a water body, the cumulative water environmental risk field intensity index is calculated according to the following formula: 
     
       
         
           
             
               F 
               ⁢ 
               
                 W 
                 
                   x 
                   , 
                   y 
                 
               
             
             = 
             
               { 
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               ∑ 
                               
                                 i 
                                 = 
                                 1 
                               
                               n 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               DW 
                               i 
                             
                           
                           , 
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           0 
                           ≤ 
                           
                             l 
                             i 
                           
                           ≤ 
                           1 
                         
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               ∑ 
                               
                                 i 
                                 = 
                                 1 
                               
                               n 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               
                                 ( 
                                 
                                   1 
                                   - 
                                   
                                     
                                       l 
                                       i 
                                     
                                     10 
                                   
                                 
                                 ) 
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                 DW 
                                 i 
                               
                             
                           
                           , 
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           1 
                           &lt; 
                           
                             l 
                             i 
                           
                           ≤ 
                           10 
                         
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           0 
                           , 
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           10 
                           , 
                           
                             &lt; 
                             
                               l 
                               i 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
 
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   D 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     W 
                     i 
                   
                 
                 = 
                 
                   
                     S 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       W 
                       i 
                     
                     × 
                     M 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       W 
                       i 
                     
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     where FW x,y  is a cumulative water environmental risk field intensity index of a grid (x, y); DW i  is a source intensity of an i th  cumulative water environmental risk source; l i  is a distance between a center point of the grid (x, y) and the i th  water environmental risk source in km; SW i  is an environmental risk index of the i th  cumulative water environmental risk source in the evaluation region; and MW i  is an environmental risk management and control level index of the i th  cumulative water environmental risk source in the evaluation region, where n is the number of cumulative water environmental risk sources, i is a serial number, and x and y are coordinates of the grid. 
     Further, a method for calculating the cumulative soil environmental risk field intensity index is: 
     
       
      
       FS 
       x,y 
       =F 
       x,y 
       +FW 
       x,y  
      
     
     where FS x,y  is a cumulative soil environmental risk field intensity index of a grid (x, y); FA x,y  is a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk field intensity index of the grid (x, y); FW x,y  is a cumulative water environmental risk field intensity index of the grid (x, y); and x and y are coordinates of the grid. 
     Further, the cumulative atmosphere environmental risk control mechanism index, the cumulative water environmental risk control mechanism index, the cumulative soil environmental risk control mechanism index, the cumulative water environmental risk receptor index, and the cumulative soil environmental risk receptor index are determined by a scoring method, evaluation indicators of various environmental media are determined and assigned with weights and scores, such that quantification is performed, and various indicator scores are integrated to calculate a score of each index. 
     Further, the pollution condition data includes basic information of a pollution enterprise, violation condition and characteristic pollutant monitoring, waste discharge and treatment, and storage of dangerous chemicals. The environmental management statistical data includes environmental governance investment, environmental management law enforcement investment, and environmental problem letters and visits and complaint conditions. The geographic information data includes water body distribution, terrain elevation data, meteorological data, population distribution, and land use types. 
     Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present disclosure has the following advantages: 
     (1) The regional gridding cumulative environmental risk evaluation system based on the risk field of the present disclosure includes a data acquisition unit, a data storage unit, an evaluation analysis unit, and a risk visualization unit, which can complete data acquisition, data storage, environmental risk evaluation, and environmental risk visualization, thus completing the whole environmental risk evaluation process, so that an environmental risk can be managed and regulated scientifically, and the technical support is provided for accurate management work of regionalization classification of cumulative environmental risks. 
     (2) According to the regional gridding cumulative environmental risk evaluation method based on the risk field of the present disclosure, various data types such as enterprise-level environmental performance data, regional environmental management data, and geographic data are integrated, and grid division is performed on an evaluation region. Then, a cumulative environmental risk index evaluation model is constructed from a cumulative environmental risk field intensity, a cumulative environmental risk control mechanism, and a cumulative environmental risk receptor respectively based on a risk field theory, and grade division is performed according to a score of a cumulative environmental risk index, so that a cumulative environmental risk grade of the evaluation region is determined, a visual map is drawn, and evaluation and visualization of the regional gridding cumulative environmental risk are realized. The method of the present disclosure is independent of exposure data and information of exposure response relationships, so that the cumulative environmental risk can be evaluated macroscopically. Therefore, the method is high in universality and comprehensive in evaluation, and thus can be used as a technical means for identifying a priority of the cumulative environmental risk in China to provide a technical support for accurate management work of regionalization and classification of the cumulative environmental risks. 
     (3) According to the method of the present disclosure, the difference of different environmental media such as atmosphere, water, and soil is fully considered, a cumulative atmosphere/water/soil environmental risk field intensity index, a cumulative atmosphere/water/soil environmental risk control mechanism index, and a cumulative atmosphere/water/soil environmental risk receptor index in the evaluation region are calculated, the cumulative environmental risk index of each environmental medium in the evaluation region is determined according to the three indexes, and the cumulative integrated environmental risk indexes of all environmental medium, so that the cumulative environmental risk in the evaluation region is integrally evaluated. In particular, in the method of the present disclosure, the cumulative risk of soil is fully considered, so that the cumulative environmental risk evaluation is more accurate. 
     (4) According to the method of the present disclosure, when part of evaluation indexes are calculated, a scoring method is mainly adopted, different evaluation indicators are set for each environmental medium in the evaluation region, and the indicators are scored and quantified, so that accurate exposure data and exposure response relationship are not required. That is, the environmental risk can be scientifically quantified, and various factors can be integrally considered, not limited to a single indicator, so that the cumulative environmental risk in the evaluation region is scientifically and accurately evaluated, the operation is simple, and the universality is strong. Moreover, when each indicator is weighted, an equal weight form is adopted. The defects of strong subjectivity, high complexity and high difficulty when different weights are adopted are avoided, so that the cumulative environmental risk is evaluated more scientifically and accurately. 
     (5) According to the method of the present disclosure, the cumulative environmental risk of soil is integrally considered. Since the ways for pollutants to enter a soil environment include atmospheric dry and wet sedimentation, groundwater pollution, and the like, the mechanism is complex, and data is difficult to obtain, the method of the present disclosure determines a calculation method of a cumulative soil environmental risk field intensity so as to reduce the underestimation of the cumulative soil environmental risk under high uncertainty, so that the environmental risk evaluation is more comprehensive and accurate. 
     (6) According to the method of the present disclosure, a new calculation method for calculating a cumulative integrated environmental risk index is constructed by adopting a Euclidean norm method, and environmental risks of different media are superposed, so as to ensure that the division of the superposed integrated environmental risk is in a reasonable environmental risk grade, the discrimination of the superposed environmental risk index is maintained, the defects of inaccurate evaluation of the cumulative environmental risk and unreasonable risk grade classification of a traditional method are avoided, and the calculation of the cumulative environmental risk of the evaluation region is more scientific and accurate. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a frame diagram of a regional gridding cumulative environmental risk evaluation system based on a risk field according to the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  is a calculation flow chart of a regional gridding cumulative environmental risk evaluation method based on a risk field according to the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  is a cumulative environmental risk map of Nanjing District drawn based on the method of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following further describes the present disclosure in detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings in this specification. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the regional gridding cumulative environmental risk evaluation system based on the risk field of the present disclosure includes a processor, a memory that stores operational instructions that executed by the processor, where the processor comprises a data acquisition unit, an evaluation analysis unit, and a risk visualization unit, the memory comprises a data storage unit. The data acquisition unit is configured to acquire environmental risk related data in an evaluation region. The data storage unit is configured to store the environmental risk related data acquired by the data acquisition unit. The evaluation analysis unit is provided with a plurality of sub-evaluation analysis units according to categories of environmental media, and is configured to evaluate a cumulative environmental risk of each environmental medium and evaluate a cumulative integrated environmental risk integrating all the environmental media. The risk visualization unit is configured to generate a cumulative environmental risk map and visually display a cumulative environmental risk condition in the evaluation region. 
     In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the environmental media include atmosphere, water, and soil. Therefore, the evaluation analysis unit in the cumulative environmental risk evaluation system includes: a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk evaluation analysis unit, configured to evaluate a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk; a cumulative water environmental risk evaluation analysis unit, configured to evaluate a cumulative water environmental risk; a cumulative soil environmental risk evaluation analysis unit, configured to evaluate a cumulative soil environmental risk; and a cumulative integrated risk evaluation unit, configured to evaluate a cumulative integrated environmental risk integrating atmosphere, water, and soil. 
     The cumulative environmental risk evaluation system can complete data acquisition, data storage, environmental risk evaluation, and environmental risk visualization, thus completing the whole environmental risk evaluation process, so that an environmental risk can be managed and regulated scientifically, and the technical support is provided for accurate management work of regionalization classification of cumulative environmental risks. 
     According to the regional gridding cumulative environmental risk evaluation method based on the risk field of the present disclosure, environmental risk evaluation can be performed by adopting the cumulative risk evaluation system of the present disclosure. As shown in  FIG. 2 , in the method, an evaluation region is firstly determined and is subjected to grid division, environmental risk related data in the evaluation region is collected by adopting the data acquisition module, and the environmental risk related data is stored in the data storage unit. The environmental risk related data in the evaluation region includes: pollution condition data, environmental management statistical data, and geographic information data. The pollution condition data includes basic information of a pollution enterprise, violation condition and characteristic pollutant monitoring, waste discharge and treatment, and storage of dangerous chemicals. The environmental management statistical data includes environmental governance investment, environmental management law enforcement investment, and environmental problem letters and visits and complaint conditions. The geographic information data includes water body distribution, terrain elevation data, meteorological data, population distribution, and land use types. As can be seen from the environmental related data, the data are all state information in the evaluation region, which shows an environmental related state in the evaluation region. 
     When the evaluation region is subjected to grid division, a coordinate system is established by taking a longitude line passing through the westernmost point of the evaluation region as a Y-axis in a northward positive direction, a latitude line passing through the southernmost point of the evaluation region as an X-axis in an eastward positive direction, and an intersection point of two coordinate axes as an origin. Grid units are divided according to a set resolution in the coordinate system, and parts of the region falling in the grid are numbered. The resolution is typically set to 500 m×500 m and/or 1000 m×1000 m, which ensures that each grid unit contains enough information to reflect an environmental risk in the grid unit and avoids inaccurate evaluation due to too large selection range. After the coordinate system is established and the grids are divided according to the set resolution, any grid may be represented by (x, y) and the coordinates of the grid may be represented by x and y. 
     For a plurality of environmental media, a cumulative environmental risk index evaluation model is established based on a cumulative environmental risk field intensity index, a cumulative environmental risk control mechanism index, and a cumulative environmental risk receptor index, and the cumulative environmental risk index evaluation model is placed in the evaluation analysis unit for evaluating the cumulative environmental risks. The cumulative environmental risk field intensity index is used to describe a distribution pattern formed by each cumulative environmental risk source in a certain environmental space. The cumulative risk control mechanism index is used to indicate the effectiveness of policies, measures, and technologies for reducing environmental risks in a certain environmental space. The cumulative environmental risk receptor index is used to describe the vulnerability and importance of risk receptors, including population and ecosystem. The three indexes are integrated to establish a cumulative environmental risk index evaluation model. The cumulative environmental risk index evaluation model includes cumulative environmental risk indexes corresponding to all environmental media and a cumulative integrated environmental risk index integrating all environmental media. For example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the environmental media include atmosphere, water, and soil. The cumulative environmental risk index corresponding to a single environmental medium includes a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk index, a cumulative water environmental risk index, and a cumulative soil environmental risk index, respectively corresponding to a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk evaluation analysis unit, a cumulative water environmental risk evaluation analysis unit, and a cumulative soil environmental risk evaluation analysis unit of the cumulative environmental risk evaluation system, and a cumulative integrated environmental risk index is obtained by integrating three environmental media: atmosphere, water, and soil, and corresponds to a cumulative integrated environmental risk evaluation analysis unit. 
     In a specific implementation process, the cumulative environmental risk field intensity index, the cumulative environmental risk control mechanism index, and the cumulative environmental risk receptor index of each environmental medium of each grid in the evaluation region are calculated respectively, and the cumulative environmental risk index corresponding to each environmental medium of the grid and the cumulative integrated environmental risk index integrating all environmental media are determined. 
     In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the environmental media include water, atmosphere, and soil, so that the corresponding cumulative environmental risk field intensity indexes include: a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk field intensity index, a cumulative water environmental risk field intensity index, and a cumulative soil environmental risk field intensity index. The corresponding cumulative environmental risk control mechanism indexes include: a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk control mechanism index, a cumulative water environmental risk control mechanism index, and a cumulative soil environmental risk control mechanism index. The corresponding cumulative environmental risk receptor indexes include: a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk receptor index, a cumulative water environmental risk receptor index, and a cumulative soil environmental risk receptor index. 
     Since the soil medium is poor in fluidity, and pollutants are relatively easy to accumulate, the soil medium is indispensable in cumulative environmental risk evaluation. Therefore, in the method of the present disclosure, it is included in the evaluation scope, which makes the evaluation more comprehensive. 
     The calculation process of the cumulative environmental risk field intensity index, the cumulative environmental risk control mechanism index, and the cumulative environmental risk receptor index is described in conjunction with the flowchart shown in  FIG. 2 . Since each grid unit is independently performed at the time of evaluation, the calculation process and method of each index are described below in units of one grid at the time of calculation. 
     (1) A cumulative environmental risk field intensity index (F) of each grid unit is calculated: cumulative environmental risk field intensity indexes of three environmental media are respectively calculated, including a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk field intensity index (FA), a cumulative water environmental risk field intensity index (FW), and a cumulative soil environmental risk field intensity index (FS). 
     1) A calculation formula of the cumulative atmosphere environmental risk field intensity index (FA) is as shown in (1)-(3): 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     F 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       A 
                       
                         x 
                         , 
                         y 
                       
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       ∑ 
                       i 
                       n 
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       
                         
                           DA 
                           i 
                         
                         ⁡ 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             
                               u 
                               i 
                             
                             + 
                             1 
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                       2 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   1 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                     DA 
                     i 
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         SA 
                         i 
                       
                       × 
                       
                         MA 
                         i 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   2 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                     u 
                     i 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     { 
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               1 
                               + 
                               
                                 0 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                   k 
                                   1 
                                 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 0 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                   k 
                                   2 
                                 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 0 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 j 
                               
                             
                             , 
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             
                               l 
                               i 
                             
                             ≤ 
                             
                               s 
                               1 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     s 
                                     2 
                                   
                                   - 
                                   
                                     l 
                                     i 
                                   
                                 
                                 
                                   
                                     s 
                                     2 
                                   
                                   - 
                                   
                                     s 
                                     1 
                                   
                                 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       l 
                                       i 
                                     
                                     - 
                                     
                                       s 
                                       1 
                                     
                                   
                                   
                                     
                                       s 
                                       2 
                                     
                                     - 
                                     
                                       s 
                                       1 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                   k 
                                   1 
                                 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 0 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                   k 
                                   2 
                                 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 0 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 j 
                               
                             
                             , 
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             
                               s 
                               1 
                             
                             &lt; 
                             
                               l 
                               i 
                             
                             ≤ 
                             
                               s 
                               2 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               0 
                               + 
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       s 
                                       3 
                                     
                                     - 
                                     
                                       l 
                                       i 
                                     
                                   
                                   
                                     
                                       s 
                                       3 
                                     
                                     - 
                                     
                                       s 
                                       2 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                   k 
                                   1 
                                 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       l 
                                       i 
                                     
                                     - 
                                     
                                       s 
                                       2 
                                     
                                   
                                   
                                     
                                       s 
                                       3 
                                     
                                     - 
                                     
                                       s 
                                       2 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                   k 
                                   2 
                                 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 0 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 j 
                               
                             
                             , 
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             
                               s 
                               2 
                             
                             &lt; 
                             
                               l 
                               i 
                             
                             ≤ 
                             
                               s 
                               3 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               0 
                               + 
                               
                                 0 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                   k 
                                   1 
                                 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       s 
                                       4 
                                     
                                     - 
                                     
                                       l 
                                       i 
                                     
                                   
                                   
                                     
                                       s 
                                       4 
                                     
                                     - 
                                     
                                       s 
                                       3 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                   k 
                                   2 
                                 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       l 
                                       i 
                                     
                                     - 
                                     
                                       s 
                                       3 
                                     
                                   
                                   
                                     
                                       s 
                                       4 
                                     
                                     - 
                                     
                                       s 
                                       3 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 j 
                               
                             
                             , 
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             
                               s 
                               3 
                             
                             &lt; 
                             
                               l 
                               i 
                             
                             ≤ 
                             
                               s 
                               4 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               0 
                               + 
                               
                                 0 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                   k 
                                   1 
                                 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 0 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                   k 
                                   2 
                                 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 1 
                                 j 
                               
                             
                             , 
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             
                               l 
                               i 
                             
                             &gt; 
                             
                               s 
                               4 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   3 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In Formulas (1)-(3), FA x,y  is a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk field intensity index of a grid (x, y); DT i  is a source intensity of an i th  cumulative atmosphere environmental risk source; SA T  is an environmental risk index of the i th  cumulative atmosphere environmental risk source in the evaluation region; MA i  is an environmental risk management and control level index of the i th  cumulative atmosphere environmental risk source in the evaluation region; u i  is a connection degree between the i th  risk source and the grid (x, y); l i  is a distance between a center point of the grid (x, y) and the i th  risk source in km; and i is a serial number, k is a difference coefficient, and j is an opposite of coefficient, where n is the number of cumulative atmosphere environmental risk sources. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, k 1 =0.5, k 2 =−0.5, and j=−1 respectively; s 1 , s 2 , s 3 , and s 4  are all constants for dividing a space range in the calculation of the connection degree, and are 1 km, 3 km, 5 km, and 10 km respectively. 
     A calculation result is standardized by a range method and adjusted to be within a range of 0-100 as shown in Formula (4): 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     SFA 
                     
                       x 
                       , 
                       y 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           FA 
                           
                             x 
                             , 
                             y 
                           
                         
                         - 
                         
                           FA 
                           min 
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           FA 
                           max 
                         
                         - 
                         
                           FA 
                           min 
                         
                       
                     
                     × 
                     100 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   4 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In Formula (4), SFA x,y  is a standardized cumulative atmosphere environmental risk field index of the grid (x, y); FA max  is a maximum value of cumulative atmosphere environmental risk field intensities of all grids in an evaluation region; and FA min  is a minimum value of the cumulative atmosphere environmental risk field intensities of all the grids in the evaluation region. 
     Since the situation of a risk source is integrally considered, the calculated cumulative atmosphere environmental risk field intensity index is more scientific and accurate, laying a foundation for accurate cumulative environmental risk evaluation. 
     Illustratively, an environmental risk index of the cumulative atmosphere environmental risk source in Formula (2) is used for representing the degree of a potential cumulative hazard caused by the risk source. The environmental risk index of the cumulative atmosphere environmental risk source mainly includes a storage chemical substance risk source index and an emission pollutant risk source index. Emission pollutants include heavy metals and volatile organic compounds. 
     The storage chemical substance risk source index includes a storage chemical substance ecological health index and a population health index. A calculation mode of the ecological health index is: multiplying an existing quantity of each air-related risk substance of the risk source by a corresponding Bioconcentration factor (BCF), and then summing. If the air-related risk substance does not have the BCF, an atmosphere environment ecological health influence is not considered. 
     A calculation mode of the population health index is: multiplying an existing quantity of each air-related risk substance of the risk source by a corresponding inhalation carcinogenic slope factor, and then summing. If the substance does not have the inhalation carcinogenic slope factor, an atmosphere environment population health influence is not considered. 
     A calculation mode of the emission pollutant risk source index is: dividing an annual emission of each heavy metal and volatile organic compound in exhaust emissions by a corresponding exhaust emission concentration standard, and then summing. 
     In order to make the index of each part in the same interval range, a natural logarithm is taken for each part, a result is standardized by using a range method, and adjusted to be within a range of 0-100, and all parts are finally added and summed to obtain the cumulative atmosphere environmental risk source index of the risk source. 
     An environmental risk management and control level index of the cumulative atmosphere environmental risk source in Formula (3) represents the effectiveness of policies, measures, technologies, and the like for reducing the cumulative environmental risk of the risk source. The environmental risk management and control level index of the cumulative atmosphere environmental risk source may be quantitatively evaluated by adopting a scoring method, and evaluation indicators are shown in Table 1: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Cumulative Atmosphere Environmental Risk Management and  
               
               
                 Control Level Indicators and Evaluation 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Evaluation 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Indicators 
                 Evaluation Classification Condition 
                 Weight 
                 Score 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Collection  
                 No volatile organic primary and  
                 ¼ 
                 30 
               
               
                 mode 
                 secondary materials exist 
                   
                   
               
               
                 of volatile 
                 Volatile organic primary and  
                   
                 60 
               
               
                 organic 
                 secondary materials exist, but 
                   
                   
               
               
                 compounds 
                 are discharged to  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 a treatment facility 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Volatile organic primary and  
                   
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 secondary materials are free 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 of organic emission and 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 there are no volatile organic 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 treatment facilities 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Automatic 
                 No heavy metals and  
                 ¼ 
                 30 
               
               
                 monitoring 
                 volatile organic compounds are 
                   
                   
               
               
                 data 
                 involved 
                   
                   
               
               
                 of heavy  
                 Heavy metals and volatile organic  
                   
                 60 
               
               
                 metals 
                 compounds are involved, 
                   
                   
               
               
                 and volatile 
                 and there is automatic monitoring data 
                   
                   
               
               
                 organic 
                 Heavy metals and volatile organic  
                   
                 100 
               
               
                 compounds 
                 compounds are involved, 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 and there is no automatic monitoring data 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Toxic gas 
                 No toxic and harmful 
                 ¼ 
                 30 
               
               
                 leakage 
                 gases are involved 
                   
                   
               
               
                 monitoring 
                 A toxic and harmful gas  
                   
                 60 
               
               
                 early 
                 prevention and control early 
                   
                   
               
               
                 warning 
                 warning system is provided 
                   
                   
               
               
                 measures 
                 No toxic and harmful gas  
                   
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 prevention and control early 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 warning system is provided 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Emission of 
                 No heavy metals and volatile  
                 ¼ 
                 30 
               
               
                 heavy metals 
                 organic compounds are 
                   
                   
               
               
                 and volatile 
                 involved  
                   
                   
               
               
                 organic 
                 Emission concentrations  
                   
                 60 
               
               
                 compounds 
                 of heavy metals and volatile organic 
                   
                   
               
               
                 and 
                 compounds reach the standard 
                   
                   
               
               
                 information 
                 Emission concentrations  
                   
                 100 
               
               
                 of 
                 of heavy metals and volatile 
                   
                   
               
               
                 reaching 
                 organic compounds do  
                   
                   
               
               
                 standard 
                 not reach the standard 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The obtained scores of all the indicators are accumulated, the environmental risk management and control level index of the cumulative atmosphere environmental risk source of the risk source is determined, and then the obtained scores are standardized. 
     2) Cumulative water environmental risk field intensity index (FW): the calculation of a cumulative water environmental risk field intensity is mainly aimed at a water body possibly influenced by cumulative environmental risk substances in the evaluation region, so that the evaluation range is mainly river, lake, reservoir, and other water bodies, and the land is not within the calculation range of a cumulative water environmental risk field. Therefore, the types of the grids need to be classified to determine whether the grids are water body types, as shown in Formula (5): 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     T 
                     ⁡ 
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         x 
                         , 
                         y 
                       
                       ) 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     { 
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             1 
                             , 
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             Water 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             body 
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             0 
                             , 
                           
                         
                         
                           Other 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   5 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In Formula (5), T(x,y) is a type of a grid (x, y), T(x,y)=1, indicating that the grid is a water body, and T(x,y)=0, indicating that the grid is of another type. 
     If T(x,y) corresponding to the grid (x, y) is equal to 0, the evaluation of a water environmental risk field of the grid is stopped, and a water environmental risk of the grid is set to 0. If T(x,y) corresponding to the grid (x, y)=1, a water environmental risk field index is calculated by using Formula (6). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     F 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       W 
                       
                         x 
                         , 
                         y 
                       
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     { 
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 ∑ 
                                 
                                   i 
                                   = 
                                   1 
                                 
                                 n 
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                 DW 
                                 i 
                               
                             
                             , 
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             0 
                             ≤ 
                             
                               l 
                               i 
                             
                             ≤ 
                             1 
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 ∑ 
                                 
                                   i 
                                   = 
                                   1 
                                 
                                 n 
                               
                               ⁢ 
                               
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   
                                     1 
                                     - 
                                     
                                       
                                         l 
                                         i 
                                       
                                       10 
                                     
                                   
                                   ) 
                                 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                   DW 
                                   i 
                                 
                               
                             
                             , 
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             1 
                             &lt; 
                             
                               l 
                               i 
                             
                             ≤ 
                             10 
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             0 
                             , 
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             10 
                             &lt; 
                             
                               l 
                               i 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   6 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                     DW 
                     i 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         SW 
                         i 
                       
                       × 
                       
                         MW 
                         i 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   7 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In Formulas (6)-(7), FW x,y  is a cumulative water environmental risk field intensity of a grid (x, y); DW i  is a source intensity of an i th  cumulative water environmental risk source; l i  is a distance between a center point of the grid (x, y) and the i th  water environmental risk source in km; SW i  is an environmental risk index of the i th  cumulative water environmental risk source in the evaluation region; and MW i  is an environmental risk management and control level index of the i th  cumulative water environmental risk source in the evaluation region, where n is the number of cumulative water environmental risk sources, and i is a serial number. 
     A calculation result is standardized by a range method and adjusted to be within a range of 0-100 as shown in Formula (8): 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     SFW 
                     
                       x 
                       , 
                       y 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           FW 
                           
                             x 
                             , 
                             y 
                           
                         
                         - 
                         
                           FW 
                           min 
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           FW 
                           max 
                         
                         - 
                         
                           FW 
                           min 
                         
                       
                     
                     × 
                     100 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   8 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In Formula (8), SFW x,y  is a standardized cumulative water environmental risk field intensity of the grid (x, y); FW max  is a maximum value of water environmental risk field intensities of all grids in the evaluation region; and FW min  is a minimum value of the water environmental risk field intensities of all the grids in the evaluation region. 
     Since the situation of a risk source is integrally considered, the calculated cumulative water environmental risk field intensity index is more scientific and accurate, laying a foundation for accurate cumulative environmental risk evaluation. 
     Illustratively, an environmental risk index of the cumulative water environmental risk source in Formula (7) is used for representing the degree of a potential cumulative hazard caused by the risk source. The environmental risk index of the cumulative water environmental risk source mainly includes a storage chemical substance risk source index and an emission pollutant risk source index. Emission pollutants include heavy metals and volatile organic compounds. 
     The storage chemical substance risk source index includes a storage chemical substance ecological health index and a population health index. A calculation mode of the ecological health index is: multiplying an existing quantity of each water-related risk substance of the risk source by a corresponding BCF, and then summing. If the water-related risk substance does not have the BCF, a water environment ecological health influence is not considered. 
     A calculation mode of the population health index is: multiplying an existing quantity of each water-related risk substance of the risk source by a corresponding oral carcinogenic slope factor, and then summing. If the substance does not have the oral carcinogenic slope factor, a water environment population health influence is not considered. 
     A calculation mode of the emission pollutant risk source index is: dividing an annual emission of each heavy metal and petroleum substance in wastewater emissions by a corresponding wastewater emission concentration standard, and then summing. 
     In order to make the index of each part in the same interval range, a natural logarithm is taken for each part, standardization processing is performed by using a range method, the natural logarithm is adjusted to be within a range of 0-100, and all parts are finally added and summed to obtain the cumulative water environmental risk source index of the risk source. 
     An environmental risk management and control level index of the cumulative water environmental risk source in Formula (7) represents the effectiveness of policies, measures, technologies, and the like for reducing the cumulative environmental risk of the risk source. The environmental risk management and control level index of the cumulative water environmental risk source may be quantitatively evaluated by adopting a scoring method, and evaluation indicators are shown in Table 2: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Enterprise Cumulative Water Environmental Risk Management  
               
               
                 and Control Level Indicators and Evaluation 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Evaluation 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Indicators 
                 Evaluation Classification Condition 
                 Weight 
                 Score 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Closure 
                 Heavy metals and petroleum 
                 ¼ 
                 30 
               
               
                 measure 
                 substances are not involved 
                   
                   
               
               
                 condition 
                 Heavy metals and petroleum  
                   
                 60 
               
               
                   
                 substances are involved, which 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 satisfy: (1) an environmental  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 risk unit is provided with anti- 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 leakage, anti-corrosion, anti-leaching, 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 and anti-loss measures; 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (2) a drainage switching valve 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 is arranged outside a device 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 cofferdam and a tank farm  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 fire dike (cofferdam), a valve 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 leading to a rainwater system  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 is normally turned off, and a 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 valve leading to an accident  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 liquid storage pool, an emergency 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 accident water pool, a clean  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 wastewater emission buffer pool, 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 or a sewage treatment  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 system is turned on; and (3) the 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 foregoing measures are good 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 in daily management and 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 maintenance, and there is a special  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 person responsible for valve 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 switching or an automatic  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 switching facility is arranged to 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ensure that initial rainwater, 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 leakages and polluted fire-fighting 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 water are discharged into a  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 sewage system 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Monitoring 
                 Heavy metals and petroleum  
                   
                 100 
               
               
                 condition 
                 substances are involved, and any 
                   
                   
               
               
                 of heavy 
                 of the requirements above is not met 
                   
                   
               
               
                 metals and 
                 Heavy metals and petroleum  
                 ¼ 
                 25 
               
               
                 petroleum 
                 substances are not involved 
                   
                   
               
               
                 substances 
                 Heavy metals and petroleum  
                   
                 50 
               
               
                   
                 substances are involved, and are 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 monitored on line 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Heavy metals and petroleum 
                   
                 75 
               
               
                   
                 substances are involved, and are 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 subjected to enterprise self-test  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 or entrusted monitoring or 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 supervised monitoring 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Heavy metals and petroleum  
                   
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 substances are involved without 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 any monitoring 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Risk 
                 No production wastewater  
                 ¼ 
                 30 
               
               
                 prevention 
                 is generated or discharged 
                   
                   
               
               
                 and control 
                 Wastewater is discharged, and  
                   
                 60 
               
               
                 measures 
                 any of the requirements below is 
                   
                   
               
               
                 of 
                 met: (1) polluted circulating  
                   
                   
               
               
                 production 
                 cooling water, rainwater, fire 
                   
                   
               
               
                 wastewater 
                 water, and the like are discharged  
                   
                   
               
               
                 treatment 
                 into a production wastewater 
                   
                   
               
               
                 system 
                 system or an independent  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 treatment system; (2) a monitoring 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 pool is arranged before the  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 production wastewater is 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 discharged, and unqualified  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 wastewater can be sent to a 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 wastewater processing facility  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 for treatment; (3) if polluted 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 clean wastewater or rainwater  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 of an enterprise enters a 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 wastewater processing system  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 for treatment, an accident water 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 buffering facility should  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 be arranged in the wastewater 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 processing system; and (4) a  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 monitoring and closing facility for 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 a general production wastewater 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 discharge port is provided, and 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 there is a special person responsible  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 for opening and closing to 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ensure that leakages, polluted  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 fire-fighting water and 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 unqualified wastewater are  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 not discharged outside the plant 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Wastewater is discharged, and any of the  
                   
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 requirements above is not met 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Emission 
                 Heavy metals and petroleum  
                 ¼ 
                 30 
               
               
                 of heavy 
                 substances are not involved 
                   
                   
               
               
                 metals and 
                 Emission concentrations of  
                   
                 60 
               
               
                 petroleum 
                 heavy metals and petroleum 
                   
                   
               
               
                 substances 
                 substances reach the standard 
                   
                   
               
               
                 and 
                 Emission concentrations of  
                   
                 100 
               
               
                 information 
                 heavy metals and petroleum 
                   
                   
               
               
                 of reaching 
                 substances do not reach the standard 
                   
                   
               
               
                 standard 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The obtained scores of all the indicators are accumulated, the environmental risk management and control level index of the cumulative water environmental risk source of the risk source is determined, and then the obtained scores are standardized. 
     3) Cumulative soil environmental risk field intensity index (FS): the cumulative atmosphere environmental risk field intensity and the water environmental risk field intensity in the grid are superposed and calculated, and then standardized to obtain a final cumulative soil environmental risk field intensity of the grid, and a calculation method is shown in Formula (9): 
         FS   x,y   =FA   x,y   +FW   x,y    (9)
 
     In Formula (9), FS x,y  is a cumulative soil environmental risk field intensity of a grid (x, y); FA x,y  is a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk field intensity of the grid (x, y); and FW x,y  is a cumulative water environmental risk field intensity of the grid (x, y). 
     A calculation result is standardized by a range method and adjusted to be within a range of 0-100 as shown in Formula (10): 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     SFS 
                     
                       x 
                       , 
                       y 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           FS 
                           
                             x 
                             , 
                             y 
                           
                         
                         - 
                         
                           FS 
                           min 
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           FS 
                           max 
                         
                         - 
                         
                           FS 
                           min 
                         
                       
                     
                     × 
                     100 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   10 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In the formula (10), SFS x,y  is a standardized cumulative soil environmental risk field intensity of a grid (x, y); FS max  is a maximum value of cumulative soil environmental risk field intensities of all grids; and FS min  is a minimum value of the cumulative soil environmental risk field intensities of all the grids. 
     Since soil medium is poor in fluidity, and pollutants are relatively easy to accumulate, the soil medium is indispensable in cumulative environmental risk evaluation. Therefore, in the method of the present disclosure, the soil medium is included in the evaluation scope. Since the ways for pollutants to enter a soil environment include atmospheric dry and wet sedimentation, groundwater pollution, and the like, the mechanism is complex, and data is difficult to obtain, the method of the present disclosure determines a simplified calculation method of a cumulative soil environmental risk field intensity based on an idea of a maximum credible accident so as to reduce the underestimation of the cumulative soil environmental risk under high uncertainty. According to the method of the present disclosure, an environmental risk of soil is integrally considered, so that the environmental risk evaluation is more comprehensive and accurate. 
     (2) A cumulative environmental risk control mechanism index (M) of each grid unit is calculated: cumulative environmental risk control mechanism indexes of three environmental media are respectively calculated, including a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk control mechanism index (MA), a cumulative water environmental risk control mechanism index (MW), and a cumulative soil environmental risk control mechanism index (MS). 
     1) The cumulative atmosphere environmental risk control mechanism index (MA) is quantified by adopting a scoring method, and the evaluation indicators are shown in Table 3: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Cumulative Atmosphere Environmental Risk Control  
               
               
                 Mechanism Evaluation Indicators 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Evaluation 
                 Description 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Indicators 
                 of Indicators 
                 Evaluation Basis 
                 Weight  
                 Score 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Investment 
                 Percentage  
                 The proportion of  
                 ¼ 
                 100 
               
               
                 proportion  
                 of 
                 regional exhaust gas 
                   
                   
               
               
                 of 
                 amount of 
                 control investment to GDP  
                   
                   
               
               
                 regional 
                 investment 
                 is less than 0.025% 
                   
                   
               
               
                 exhaust gas 
                 in 
                 The proportion of  
                   
                 75 
               
               
                 control 
                 industrial 
                 regional exhaust gas 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 exhaust gas 
                 control investment  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 control per 
                 to GDP is more 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 year in an 
                 than or equal to 0.025%  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 administrative 
                 and less than 0.05% 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 region 
                 The proportion of  
                   
                 50 
               
               
                   
                 where 
                 regional exhaust gas 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 a grid is 
                 control investment 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 located in 
                 to GDP is more 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 GDP 
                 than or equal to  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.05% and less than 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.075% 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 The proportion of  
                   
                 25 
               
               
                   
                   
                 regional exhaust gas 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 control investment  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 to GDP is more 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 than or equal to 0.075% 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Environ- 
                 Quantity 
                 The quantity ratio  
                 ¼ 
                 100 
               
               
                 mental 
                 ratio 
                 of environmental 
                   
                   
               
               
                 management 
                 of 
                 managers to pollution  
                   
                   
               
               
                 law 
                 environ- 
                 source enterprises in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                 enforcement 
                 mental 
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                 investment 
                 managers  
                 where a grid is located  
                   
                   
               
               
                 of 
                 to 
                 is less than 1 
                   
                   
               
               
                 regional 
                 pollution 
                 The quantity ratio  
                   
                 75 
               
               
                 enterprises 
                 source 
                 of environmental 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 enterprises 
                 managers to pollution  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 in an 
                 source enterprises in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 admin- 
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 istrative 
                 where a grid is located  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 region where 
                 is more than or 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 a grid is 
                 equal to 1 and  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 located 
                 less than 1.7 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 The quantity ratio  
                   
                 50 
               
               
                   
                   
                 of environmental 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 managers to  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 pollution source 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 enterprises in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 where a grid is located  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 is more than or 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 equal to 1.7 and  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 less than 2.5 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 The quantity ratio  
                   
                 25 
               
               
                   
                   
                 of environmental 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 managers to 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 pollution source 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 enterprises in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 where a grid is located 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 is more than or 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 equal to 2.5 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Regional 
                 Ratio of 
                 The ratio of the  
                 ¼ 
                 100 
               
               
                 enterprise 
                 number of 
                 number of enterprises 
                   
                   
               
               
                 violations 
                 enterprises 
                 recorded with  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 recorded  
                 gas-related violations is 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 with 
                 more than 75% 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 gas-related 
                 The ratio of the  
                   
                 75 
               
               
                   
                 violations to 
                 number of enterprises 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 total number 
                 recorded with  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 of enterprises 
                 gas-related violations is 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 in an 
                 more than 50% and  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 administrative 
                 less than or equal 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 region where 
                 to 75% 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 a grid is 
                 The ratio of the  
                   
                 50 
               
               
                   
                 located 
                 number of enterprises 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 recorded with  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 gas-related violations is 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 more than 25% and 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 less than or equal 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 to 50% 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 The ratio of the  
                   
                 25 
               
               
                   
                   
                 number of enterprises 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 recorded with  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 gas-related violations is 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 less than or  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 equal to 25% 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Letters and 
                 Number of 
                 The number of  
                 ¼ 
                 100 
               
               
                 visits and 
                 letters and 
                 letters and visits and 
                   
                   
               
               
                 complaints 
                 visits and 
                 complaints in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                 on 
                 complaints 
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                 regional 
                 in an 
                 where a grid is  
                   
                   
               
               
                 environmental 
                 administrative 
                 located is more than 
                   
                   
               
               
                 issues 
                 region where 
                 39,000 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 a grid is 
                 The number of  
                   
                 75 
               
               
                   
                 located 
                 letters and visits and 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 complaints in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 where a grid is  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 located is more than 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 32,000 and less than  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 or equal to 39,000 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 The number of  
                   
                 50 
               
               
                   
                   
                 letters and visits and 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 complaints in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 where a grid is  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 located is more than 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 25000 and less than  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 or equal to 32000 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 The number of  
                   
                 25 
               
               
                   
                   
                 letters and visits and 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 complaints in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 where a grid is  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 located is less than or 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 equal to 25,000 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The obtained scores of all the indicators are accumulated, and a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk control mechanism index M x,y  in the grid (x, y) is determined. If the evaluated grid (x, y) spans different administrative regions and scores of cumulative atmosphere environmental risk control mechanisms of the administrative regions are inconsistent, the highest score is taken as a final score. 
     A calculation result is standardized by a range method and adjusted to be within a range of 0-100 as shown in Formula (11): 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     SMA 
                     
                       x 
                       , 
                       y 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           MA 
                           
                             x 
                             , 
                             y 
                           
                         
                         - 
                         
                           MA 
                           min 
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           MA 
                           max 
                         
                         - 
                         
                           MA 
                           min 
                         
                       
                     
                     × 
                     100 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   11 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In Formula (11), SMA x,y  represents a standardized cumulative atmosphere environmental risk control mechanism index of a grid (x, y), MA min  represents a minimum value of cumulative atmosphere environmental risk control mechanism indexes of all grids, and MA max  represents a maximum value of the cumulative atmosphere environmental risk control mechanism indexes of all grids. Illustratively, a percentage system is adopted in the design of the scores of the evaluation indicators. Therefore, in an actual operation, standardization may not be needed. The standardization is used for unification, making the result more accurate. 
     2) The cumulative water environmental risk control mechanism index (MW) is quantified by adopting a scoring method, and evaluation indicators are shown in Table 4. If the type of the grid is not a water body, i.e., T(x,y) corresponding to a grid (x, y) is equal to 0, the evaluation of a water environmental risk control mechanism of the grid is stopped. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Cumulative Water Environmental Risk Control Mechanism  
               
               
                 Evaluation Indicators 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Evaluation 
                 Description of 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Indicators 
                 Indicators 
                 Evaluation Basis 
                 Weight 
                 Score 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Investment 
                 Percentage of 
                 The proportion of  
                 ¼ 
                 100 
               
               
                 proportion  
                 amount of 
                 regional wastewater 
                   
                   
               
               
                 of 
                 investment in 
                 control investment 
                   
                   
               
               
                 regional 
                 industrial 
                 to GDP is less than 
                   
                   
               
               
                 wastewater 
                 wastewater 
                 0.009% 
                   
                   
               
               
                 control 
                 control per 
                 The proportion of  
                   
                 75 
               
               
                   
                 year in an 
                 regional wastewater 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 administrative 
                 control investment 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 region where a 
                 to GDP is more 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 grid is located 
                 than or equal to  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 in GDP 
                 0.009% and less than 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.017% 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 The proportion of  
                   
                 50 
               
               
                   
                   
                 regional wastewater 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 control investment  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 to GDP is more 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 than or equal to  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.017% and less than 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.025% 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 The proportion of  
                   
                 25 
               
               
                   
                   
                 regional wastewater 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 control investment  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 to GDP is more 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 than or equal to 0.025% 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Environ- 
                 Quantity  
                 The quantity ratio  
                 ¼ 
                 100 
               
               
                 mental 
                 ratio 
                 of environmental 
                   
                   
               
               
                 management 
                 of 
                 managers to  
                   
                   
               
               
                 law 
                 environ- 
                 pollution source 
                   
                   
               
               
                 enforcement 
                 mental 
                 enterprises in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                 investment 
                 managers to 
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                 of 
                 pollution 
                 where a grid is  
                   
                   
               
               
                 regional 
                 source 
                 located is less than 1 
                   
                   
               
               
                 enterprises 
                 enterprises in 
                 The quantity ratio  
                   
                 75 
               
               
                   
                 an 
                 of environmental 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 administrative 
                 managers to  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 region where a 
                 pollution source 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 grid is located 
                 enterprises in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 where a grid is  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 located is more than or 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 equal to 1 and  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 less than 1.7 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 The quantity ratio  
                   
                 50 
               
               
                   
                   
                 of environmental 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 managers to  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 pollution source 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 enterprises in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 where a grid is located 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 is more than or 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 equal to 1.7 and  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 less than 2.5 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 The quantity ratio  
                   
                 25 
               
               
                   
                   
                 of environmental 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 managers to  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 pollution source 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 enterprises in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 where a grid is located  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 is more than or 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 equal to 2.5 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Regional 
                 Ratio of 
                 The ratio of the  
                 ¼ 
                 100 
               
               
                 enterprise 
                 number of 
                 number of enterprises 
                   
                   
               
               
                 violations 
                 enterprises 
                 recorded with  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 recorded with 
                 water-related violations 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 water-related 
                 is more than 75% 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 violations to 
                 The ratio of the  
                   
                 75 
               
               
                   
                 total  
                 number of enterprises 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 number of 
                 recorded with  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 enterprises in 
                 water-related violations 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 an 
                 is more than 50%  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 administrative 
                 and less than or 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 region where a 
                 equal to 75% 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 grid is located 
                 The ratio of the  
                   
                 50 
               
               
                   
                   
                 number of enterprises 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 recorded with water- 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 related violations 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 is more than 25%  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 and less than or 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 equal to 50% 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 The ratio of the  
                   
                 25 
               
               
                   
                   
                 number of enterprises 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 recorded with water- 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 related violations 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 is less than or  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 equal to 25% 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Letters and 
                 Number of 
                 The number of letters  
                 ¼ 
                 100 
               
               
                 visits and 
                 letters and 
                 and visits and 
                   
                   
               
               
                 complaints 
                 visits and 
                 complaints in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                 on 
                 complaints 
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                 regional 
                 in an 
                 where a grid is  
                   
                   
               
               
                 environmental 
                 administrative 
                 located is more than 
                   
                   
               
               
                 issues 
                 region where a 
                 39,000 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 grid is located 
                 The number of  
                   
                 75 
               
               
                   
                   
                 letters and visits and 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 complaints in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 where a grid is  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 located is more than 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 32,000 and less 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 than or equal to 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 39,000 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 The number of  
                   
                 50 
               
               
                   
                   
                 letters and visits and 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 complaints in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 where a grid is  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 located is more than 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 25000 and less than  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 or equal to 32000 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 The number of  
                   
                 25 
               
               
                   
                   
                 letters and visits and 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 complaints in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 where a grid is  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 located is less than or 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 equal to 25,000 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The scores of all the indicators are accumulated, and a cumulative water environmental risk control mechanism index MW x,y  in the grid (x, y) is determined. If the evaluated grid (x, y) spans different administrative regions and scores of cumulative water environmental risk control mechanisms of the administrative regions are inconsistent, the highest score is taken as a final score. 
     A calculation result is standardized by a range method and adjusted to be within a range of 0-100 as shown in Formula (12): 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     SMW 
                     
                       x 
                       , 
                       y 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           MW 
                           
                             x 
                             , 
                             y 
                           
                         
                         - 
                         
                           MW 
                           min 
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           MW 
                           max 
                         
                         - 
                         
                           MW 
                           min 
                         
                       
                     
                     × 
                     100 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   12 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In Formula (12), SMW x,y  represents a standardized cumulative water environmental risk control mechanism index of a grid (x, y), MA min  represents a minimum value of cumulative water environmental risk control mechanism indexes of all grids, and MA max  represents a maximum value of the cumulative water environmental risk control mechanism indexes of all grids. Illustratively, a percentage system is adopted in the design of the scores of the evaluation indicators. Therefore, in an actual operation, standardization may not be needed. The standardization is used for unification, making the result more accurate. 
     3) The cumulative soil environmental risk control mechanism index (MS) is quantified by adopting a scoring method, and evaluation indicators are shown in Table 5. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Cumulative Soil Environmental Risk Control  
               
               
                 Mechanism Evaluation Indicators 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Evaluation 
                 Description  
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Indicators 
                 of Indicators 
                 Evaluation Basis 
                 Weight 
                 Score 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Investment 
                 Percentage of 
                 The proportion of  
                 ¼ 
                 100 
               
               
                 proportion 
                 amount of 
                 regional solid waste 
                   
                   
               
               
                 of 
                 investment in 
                 control investment  
                   
                   
               
               
                 regional 
                 industrial solid 
                 to GDP is less than 
                   
                   
               
               
                 industrial 
                 waste control 
                 0.0001% 
                   
                   
               
               
                 solid waste 
                 per year in an 
                 The proportion of  
                   
                 75 
               
               
                 control 
                 administrative 
                 regional solid waste 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 region where a 
                 control investment  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 grid is located 
                 to GDP is more 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 in GDP 
                 than or equal to  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.0001% and less 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 than 0.0018% 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 The proportion of  
                   
                 50 
               
               
                   
                   
                 regional solid waste 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 control investment  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 to GDP is more 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 than or equal to  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.0018% and less 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 than 0.0035% 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 The proportion of  
                   
                 25 
               
               
                   
                   
                 regional solid waste 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 control investment  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 to GDP is more 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 than or equal  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 to 0.0035% 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Environ- 
                 Quantity ratio 
                 The quantity ratio  
                 ¼ 
                 100 
               
               
                 mental 
                 of 
                 of environmental 
                   
                   
               
               
                 management 
                 environmental 
                 managers to  
                   
                   
               
               
                 law 
                 managers to 
                 pollution source 
                   
                   
               
               
                 enforcement 
                 pollution 
                 enterprises in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                 investment 
                 source 
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                 of 
                 enterprises in 
                 where a grid is  
                   
                   
               
               
                 regional 
                 an 
                 located is less than 1 
                   
                   
               
               
                 enterprises 
                 administrative 
                 The quantity ratio  
                   
                 75 
               
               
                   
                 region where a 
                 of environmental 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 grid is located 
                 managers to  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 pollution source 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 enterprises in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 where a grid is located  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 is more than or 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 equal to 1 and  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 less than 1.7 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 The quantity ratio  
                   
                 50 
               
               
                   
                   
                 of environmental 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 managers to  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 pollution source 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 enterprises in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 where a grid is located  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 is more than or 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 equal to 1.7 and  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 less than 2.5 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 The quantity ratio  
                   
                 25 
               
               
                   
                   
                 of environmental 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 managers to  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 pollution source 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 enterprises in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 where a grid is located 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 is more than or 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 equal to 2.5 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Regional 
                 Ratio of 
                 The ratio of the  
                 ¼ 
                 100 
               
               
                 enterprise 
                 number of 
                 number of enterprises 
                   
                   
               
               
                 violations 
                 enterprises 
                 recorded with soil- 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 recorded with 
                 related violations is 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 soil-related 
                 more than 75% 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 violations to 
                 The ratio of the 
                   
                 75 
               
               
                   
                 total number 
                 number of enterprises 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 of  
                 recorded with soil- 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 enterprises in 
                 related violations is 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 an 
                 more than 50% and  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 administrative 
                 less than or equal 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 region where a 
                 to 75% 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 grid is located  
                 The ratio of the  
                   
                 50 
               
               
                   
                   
                 number of enterprises 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 recorded with soil- 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 related violations is 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 more than 25% and  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 less than or equal 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 to 50% 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 The ratio of the  
                   
                 25 
               
               
                   
                   
                 number of enterprises 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 recorded with soil- 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 related violations is 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 less than or equal to 25% 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Letters and 
                 Number of 
                 The number of  
                 ¼ 
                 100 
               
               
                 visits and 
                 letters and 
                 letters and visits and 
                   
                   
               
               
                 complaints  
                 visits and 
                 complaints in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                 on 
                 complaints in 
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                 regional 
                 an 
                 where a grid is  
                   
                   
               
               
                 environmental 
                 administrative 
                 located is more than 
                   
                   
               
               
                 issues 
                 region where a 
                 39,000 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 grid is located 
                 The number of  
                   
                 75 
               
               
                   
                   
                 letters and visits and 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 complaints in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 where a grid is  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 located is more than 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 32,000 and less than or  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 equal to 39,000 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 The number of  
                   
                 50 
               
               
                   
                   
                 letters and visits and 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 complaints in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 where a grid is  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 located is more than 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 25000 and less than  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 or equal to 32000 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 The number of  
                   
                 25 
               
               
                   
                   
                 letters and visits and 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 complaints in an  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 administrative region 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 where a grid is  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 located is less than or 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 equal to 25,000 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The scores of all the indicators are accumulated, and a cumulative soil environmental risk control mechanism index MS x,y  in the grid (x, y) is determined. If the evaluated grid (x, y) spans different administrative regions and scores of cumulative soil environmental risk control mechanisms of the administrative regions are inconsistent, the highest score is taken as a final score. 
     A calculation result is standardized by a range method and adjusted to be within a range of 0-100 as shown in Formula (13): 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     S 
                     ⁢ 
                     M 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       S 
                       
                         x 
                         , 
                         y 
                       
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           M 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             S 
                             
                               x 
                               , 
                               y 
                             
                           
                         
                         - 
                         
                           M 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             S 
                             min 
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           M 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             S 
                             max 
                           
                         
                         - 
                         
                           M 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             S 
                             min 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     × 
                     1 
                     ⁢ 
                     0 
                     ⁢ 
                     0 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   13 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In Formula (13), SMS x,y  represents a standardized cumulative soil environmental risk control mechanism index of a grid (x, y), MS min  represents a minimum value of cumulative soil environmental risk control mechanism indexes of all grids, and MS max  represents a maximum value of the cumulative soil environmental risk control mechanism indexes of all grids. Illustratively, a percentage system is adopted in the design of the scores of the evaluation indicators. Therefore, in an actual operation, standardization may not be needed. The standardization is used for unification, making the result more accurate. 
     It can be seen that in the embodiment of the present disclosure, an adopted scoring table is used for evaluating the performance of regional atmosphere environmental risk management and control in the aspects of fund and personnel investment, management effect, and the like, is not limited to a single indicator, and more comprehensively reflects the level of atmosphere, water and soil environmental risk control mechanisms. The indicators in the table are independent of information of exposure data and exposure response relationships, and data is readily available. The reason why an average weight is adopted is that the importance of each score indicator is similar, and if a difference weight is set, the subjectivity is strong, the complexity of the method is greatly increased, and the difficulty of the actual operation is increased. The average weight method can avoid influence on evaluation accuracy caused by over subjectivity. A general framework of an indicator system is consistent with that of atmosphere and water, and reflects the consistency of evaluation, and some indicators also highlight the specificity of a medium and reflect the accuracy of evaluation. Meanwhile, the cumulative soil environmental risk is integrally considered, so that the evaluation is more scientific and comprehensive. 
     (3) A cumulative environmental risk receptor index (V) of each grid is calculated: cumulative environmental risk receptor indexes of three media are respectively calculated, including a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk receptor index (VA), a cumulative water environmental risk receptor index (VW), and a cumulative soil environmental risk control mechanism index (VS). 
     1) The cumulative atmosphere environmental risk receptor index (VA) is calculated by using Formulas (14)-(16). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     VA 
                     
                       x 
                       , 
                       y 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         p 
                         
                           x 
                           , 
                           y 
                         
                       
                       × 
                       
                         v 
                         
                           x 
                           , 
                           y 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   14 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                     p 
                     
                       x 
                       , 
                       y 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         pop 
                         
                           x 
                           , 
                           y 
                         
                       
                       - 
                       
                         pop 
                         min 
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         pop 
                         max 
                       
                       - 
                       
                         pop 
                         min 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   15 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                     v 
                     
                       x 
                       , 
                       y 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           v 
                           ~ 
                         
                         
                           x 
                           , 
                           y 
                         
                       
                       - 
                       
                         v 
                         min 
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         v 
                         max 
                       
                       - 
                       
                         v 
                         min 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   16 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In Formulas (14)-(16), VA x,y  is a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk receptor index of a grid (x, y); p x,y  is a standardized population index of the grid (x, y); pop x,y  is the population in the grid (x, y); pop max  is a 99-quantile population value (with an extreme value removed) of all grids; pop min  is a minimum value of population of all the grids; v x,y  is a standardized wind speed index of the grid (x, y); {tilde over (v)} x,y  is an average wind speed (m/s) in the grid (x, y); v max  is a 99-quantile wind speed (with an extreme value removed) (m/s) of all the grids; and v min  is a minimum value (m/s) of wind speeds of all the grids. A result is standardized by a range method and adjusted to be within a range of 0-100 as shown in Formula (17): 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     SVA 
                     
                       x 
                       , 
                       y 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           VA 
                           
                             x 
                             , 
                             y 
                           
                         
                         - 
                         
                           VA 
                           min 
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           VA 
                           max 
                         
                         - 
                         
                           VA 
                           min 
                         
                       
                     
                     × 
                     1 
                     ⁢ 
                     0 
                     ⁢ 
                     0 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   17 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In Formula (17), SVA x,y  represents a standardized cumulative atmosphere environmental receptor index of a grid (x, y), VA min  represents a minimum value of cumulative atmosphere environmental receptor indexes of all grids, and VA max  represents a maximum value of the cumulative atmosphere environmental receptor indexes of all grids. 
     2) The cumulative water environmental risk receptor index (VW) is quantified by adopting a scoring method, and evaluation indicators are shown in Table 6. If the type of the grid is not a water body, i.e., T(x,y) corresponding to a grid (x, y) is equal to 0, the evaluation of a water environmental risk receptor of the grid is stopped. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Cumulative Water Environmental Risk Receptor Index Evaluation Table 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Target 
                 Indicator 
                 Evaluation Basis 
                 Weight 
                 Score 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Cumulative 
                 River, lake 
                 Grid through which  
                 ½ 
                 100 
               
               
                 water 
                 and  
                 a first-level river, 
                   
                   
               
               
                 environ- 
                 reservoir 
                 lake and reservoir pass 
                   
                   
               
               
                 mental 
                 level 
                 Grid through which  
                   
                 80 
               
               
                 risk receptor 
                   
                 a second-level 
                   
                   
               
               
                 vulnerability 
                   
                 river, lake and reservoir pass 
                   
                   
               
               
                 index 
                   
                 Grid through which 
                   
                 60 
               
               
                   
                   
                 a third-level river, 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 lake and reservoir pass 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Grid through which 
                   
                 40 
               
               
                   
                   
                 a fourth-level 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 river, lake and  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 reservoir pass 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Grid through which  
                   
                 20 
               
               
                   
                   
                 a fifth-level river, 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 lake and reservoir pass 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Water  
                 Grid through which 
                 ½ 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 body 
                 a river, lake and 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 functional 
                 reservoir of class-I water pass 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 region 
                 Grid through which  
                   
                 80 
               
               
                   
                   
                 a river, lake and 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 reservoir of class-II water pass 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Grid through which  
                   
                 60 
               
               
                   
                   
                 a river, lake and 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 reservoir of class-III water pass 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Grid through which  
                   
                 40 
               
               
                   
                   
                 a river, lake and 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 reservoir of class-IV water pass 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Grid through which  
                   
                 20 
               
               
                   
                   
                 a river, lake and 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 reservoir of class-V-below  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 water pass 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The scores of all the indicators are accumulated, and a cumulative water environmental risk receptor index VW x,y  in the grid (x, y) is determined. A calculation result is standardized by a range method and adjusted to be within a range of 0-100 as shown in Formula (18): 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     S 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       W 
                       
                         x 
                         , 
                         y 
                       
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           V 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             W 
                             
                               x 
                               , 
                               y 
                             
                           
                         
                         - 
                         
                           V 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             W 
                             min 
                           
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           V 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             W 
                             max 
                           
                         
                         - 
                         
                           V 
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             W 
                             min 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     × 
                     1 
                     ⁢ 
                     0 
                     ⁢ 
                     0 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   18 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In Formula (18), SVW x,y  represents a standardized cumulative water environmental receptor index of a grid (x, y), VW min  represents a minimum value of cumulative water environmental receptor indexes of all grids, and VW max  represents a maximum value of the cumulative water environmental receptor indexes of all grids. Illustratively, a percentage system is adopted in the design of the scores of the evaluation indicators. Therefore, in an actual operation, standardization may not be needed. The standardization is used for unification, making the result more accurate. 
     When a scoring table is constructed, a water body level and a water body function are selected as evaluation indicators. Therefore, resource conditions and borne human activity intensity of a water environment receptor are integrally evaluated from the perspective of the water body level and function, so that the integrated evaluation is carried out, and the evaluation result is more scientific and accurate. 
     3) The cumulative soil environmental risk receptor index (VS) is quantified by adopting a scoring method, and evaluation indicators are shown in Table 7. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Cumulative Soil Environmental Risk Receptor Index Evaluation Table 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Target 
                 Indicator 
                 Description 
                 Weight 
                 Score 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Cumulative 
                 Land use type 
                 Grid with cultivated land 
                 ½ 
                 100 
               
               
                 soil 
                   
                 Grid with urban and rural, 
                   
                 80 
               
               
                 environmental 
                   
                 industrial and mining, and 
                   
                   
               
               
                 risk receptor 
                   
                 residential land 
                   
                   
               
               
                 index 
                   
                 Grid with grassland 
                   
                 60 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Grid with forest land 
                   
                 40 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Grid with unused land type 
                   
                 20 
               
               
                   
                 Soil property 
                 Clay 
                 ½ 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Loam 
                   
                 60 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sandy soil 
                   
                 30 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The scores of all the indicators are accumulated, and a cumulative soil environmental risk receptor index VS x,y  in the grid (x, y) is determined. A calculation result is standardized by a range method and adjusted to be within a range of 0-100 as shown in Formula (19): 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     SVS 
                     
                       x 
                       , 
                       y 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           VS 
                           
                             x 
                             , 
                             y 
                           
                         
                         - 
                         
                           VS 
                           min 
                         
                       
                       
                         
                           VS 
                           max 
                         
                         - 
                         
                           VS 
                           min 
                         
                       
                     
                     × 
                     100 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   19 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In Formula (19), SVS x,y  represents a standardized cumulative soil environmental receptor index of a grid (x, y), VS min  represents a minimum value of cumulative soil environmental receptor indexes of all grids, and VS min  represents a maximum value of the cumulative soil environmental receptor indexes of all grids. Illustratively, a percentage system is adopted in the design of the scores of the evaluation indicators. Therefore, in an actual operation, standardization may not be needed. The standardization is used for unification, making the result more accurate. 
     In the constructed scoring table, the human activity intensity to a soil environmental receptor and pollutant diffusion property are integrally evaluated from the aspects of land use type and soil property, so that the integrated evaluation is carried out, and the evaluation result is more scientific and accurate. 
     (4) The cumulative environmental risk index (RC) of each grid unit is calculated 
     In the calculation of the cumulative environmental risk index, three aspects of risk source, risk control mechanism and risk receptor should be considered comprehensively to obtain an integrated score. For each grid unit, two aspects of cumulative environmental risk indexes need to be considered, including a cumulative environmental risk index of a single environmental medium and a cumulative integrated environmental risk index integrating all environmental media. 
     When the cumulative environmental risk index of various environmental media is calculated, the calculation method adopts the following formula (20): 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       RC 
                       k 
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         
                           SF 
                           k 
                         
                         × 
                         
                           SV 
                           k 
                         
                         × 
                         
                           SM 
                           k 
                         
                       
                       3 
                     
                   
                   , 
                   
                     k 
                     = 
                     
                       1 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       … 
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       m 
                     
                   
                   , 
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   20 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     where RC k  represents a cumulative environmental risk index corresponding to a k th  environmental medium of a certain grid, SF k  represents a cumulative environmental risk field intensity index corresponding to the k th  environmental medium of the certain grid, SM k  represents a cumulative environmental risk control mechanism index corresponding to the k th  environmental medium of the certain grid, SV k  represents a cumulative environmental risk receptor index corresponding to the k th  environmental medium of the certain grid, k is a serial number, and m represents that there are m environmental media. Illustratively, in general, SF k , SV k , and SM k  adopt standardized values, and illustratively, certain means one of them. 
     In the embodiment of the present disclosure, there are three environmental media including atmosphere, water and soil. Therefore, it can be seen that the value of m is 3, and then: 
     1) A calculation formula (21) of the cumulative atmosphere environmental risk index of each grid is as follows: 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     R 
                     ⁢ 
                     C 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       A 
                       
                         x 
                         , 
                         y 
                       
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         SFA 
                         
                           x 
                           , 
                           y 
                         
                       
                       × 
                       
                         SVA 
                         
                           x 
                           , 
                           y 
                         
                       
                       × 
                       
                         SMA 
                         
                           x 
                           , 
                           y 
                         
                       
                     
                     3 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   21 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In Formula (21), RCA x,y  is a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk index of a grid (x, y); SFA x,y  is a standardized cumulative atmosphere environmental risk field intensity index of the grid (x, y); SVA x,y  is a standardized cumulative atmosphere environmental risk receptor index of the grid (x, y); and SVA x,y  is a standardized cumulative atmosphere environmental risk control mechanism index of the grid (x, y). Illustratively, if an index indicated by SFA x,y , SVA x,y , or SMA x,y  is within a set score range before standardization, e.g., 0-100, the corresponding index value may also use non-normalized data. 
     2) A calculation formula (22) of the cumulative water environmental risk index of each grid is as follows: 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     RCW 
                     
                       x 
                       , 
                       y 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         SFW 
                         
                           x 
                           , 
                           y 
                         
                       
                       × 
                       
                         SVW 
                         
                           x 
                           , 
                           y 
                         
                       
                       × 
                       
                         SMW 
                         
                           x 
                           , 
                           y 
                         
                       
                     
                     3 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   22 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In Formula (22), RCW x,y  is a cumulative water environmental risk index of a grid (x, y); SFW x,y  is a standardized cumulative water environmental risk field intensity index of the grid (x, y); SVW x,y  is a standardized cumulative water environmental risk receptor index of the grid (x, y); and SMW x,y  is a cumulative water environmental risk control mechanism index of the grid (x, y). Illustratively, if an index indicated by SFW x,y , SVW x,y , or SMW x,y  is within a set score range before standardization, e.g., 0-100, the corresponding index value may also use non-normalized data. 
     3) A calculation formula (23) of the cumulative soil environmental risk index of each grid is as follows: 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     RCS 
                     
                       x 
                       , 
                       y 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         SFS 
                         
                           x 
                           , 
                           y 
                         
                       
                       × 
                       
                         SVS 
                         
                           x 
                           , 
                           y 
                         
                       
                       × 
                       
                         SMS 
                         
                           x 
                           , 
                           y 
                         
                       
                     
                     3 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   23 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In Formula (23), RCS x,y  is a cumulative soil environmental risk index of a grid (x, y); SFS x,y  is a standardized cumulative soil environmental risk field intensity of the grid (x, y); SVS xy  is a standardized cumulative soil environmental risk receptor index of the grid (x, y); and SMS x,y  is a standardized cumulative soil environmental risk control mechanism index of the grid (x, y). Illustratively, if an index indicated by SFS x,y , SVS x,y , or SMS x,y  is within a set score range before standardization, e.g., 0-100, the corresponding index value may also use non-normalized data. 
     The cumulative integrated environmental risk index integrating all the environmental media is calculated by superposing the cumulative risk indexes of all the environmental media using a Euclidean vector norm calculation method. A general calculation formula is as shown in Formula (24): 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     RC 
                     = 
                     
                       
                         
                           ∑ 
                           
                             k 
                             = 
                             1 
                           
                           m 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           RC 
                           k 
                           5 
                         
                       
                       5 
                     
                   
                   , 
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   24 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     where RC represents a cumulative integrated environmental risk index of a grid, RC k  represents a cumulative environmental risk index corresponding to a k th  environmental medium of the grid, k is a serial number, and m represents categories of environmental media in the grid. 
     Therefore, if there are three environmental media including atmosphere, water and soil in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the calculation method of the cumulative integrated environmental risk index is as follows: 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     R 
                     ⁢ 
                     C 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         RCA 
                         
                           x 
                           , 
                           y 
                         
                         5 
                       
                       + 
                       
                         RCW 
                         
                           x 
                           , 
                           y 
                         
                         5 
                       
                       + 
                       
                         RCS 
                         
                           x 
                           , 
                           y 
                         
                         5 
                       
                     
                     5 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   25 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In Formula (25), environmental risks of different media are superposed, so as to ensure that the division of the superposed integrated environmental risk is in a reasonable environmental risk grade, and the discrimination of the superposed environmental risk index is maintained. Therefore, cumulative environmental risks of various environmental media are integrated, so that a cumulative environmental risk of an evaluation region is scientifically and accurately evaluated. 
     (5) Cumulative environmental risk division and environmental risk map drawing are performed 
     According to Table 8, the cumulative environmental risk of the evaluation region is subjected to grade division, grids with different RC scores are divided into different environmental risk grades, and then a grade state of the cumulative environmental risk of each grid in the evaluation region is determined. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Cumulative Environmental Risk Grade Division Standard 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Cumulative Environmental Risk Index 
                 Environmental 
               
               
                   
                 (Atmosphere/Water/Soil/Integrated) 
                 Risk Grade 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 ≥80 
                 Very High (VH) 
               
               
                   
                 [50, 80) 
                 High (H) 
               
               
                   
                 [40, 50) 
                 Relatively High 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (RH) 
               
               
                   
                 [30, 40) 
                 Medium (M) 
               
               
                   
                 &lt;30 
                 Low (L) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     According to the grade division results of the cumulative environmental risks of all the grids, spatial representation is performed on the cumulative environmental risk grades of the evaluation grids by adopting different colors with a GIS spatial representation technology, and environmental risk maps are respectively drawn by adopting a risk visualization unit of the cumulative environmental risk evaluation system. The environmental risk maps include a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk map, a cumulative water environmental risk map, a cumulative soil environmental risk map, and a cumulative integrated environmental risk map. By grading the cumulative environmental risk indexes of the evaluation region and displaying the cumulative environmental risk situation in the evaluation region in a risk map according to the divided grade, scientific environmental risk management of the evaluation region is realized. 
     In order to further illustrate the accuracy of the method of the present disclosure, the environmental risk is evaluated according to the cumulative integrated environmental risk index in combination with the grades divided in Table 8. The method for calculating a cumulative integrated environmental risk index by adopting the method provided by the present disclosure is compared with a traditional method which mostly adopts Euclidean 2-norm (i.e., square root of sum of squares). 
     The cumulative atmosphere environmental risk index, the cumulative water environmental risk index, and the cumulative soil environmental risk index are taken as lower limit values of each grade, respectively, as shown in Table 9. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Comparison of Method of the Present Disclosure with Traditional Method 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Cumulative 
                 Cumulative 
                 Cumulative 
                 Method 
                   
               
               
                 Atmosphere 
                 Water 
                 Soil 
                 of the 
                 Traditional 
               
               
                 Environmental 
                 Environmental 
                 Environmental 
                 Present 
                 Method 
               
               
                 Risk Index 
                 Risk Index 
                 Risk Index 
                 Disclosure 
                 (2-Norm) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 37.37 
                 51.96 
               
               
                 40 
                 40 
                 40 
                 49.83 
                 69.28 
               
               
                 50 
                 50 
                 50 
                 62.29 
                 86.60 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As can be seen from Table 9, when the cumulative atmosphere, water and soil environmental risk indexes are all 30, which are the lowest values of Grade-medium (M), the score of the cumulative integrated environmental risk index should also be located at Grade-medium (M). The score of the cumulative integrated environmental risk index calculated by using the method of the present disclosure is 37.37, just within an interval of Grade-medium (M). The score of the cumulative integrated environmental risk index calculated by the traditional method is 51.96, which falls within an interval of Grade-relatively high (RH). When the cumulative atmosphere, water and soil environmental risk indexes are all 40, which are the lowest values of Grade-relatively high (RH), the score of the cumulative integrated environmental risk index should also be located at Grade-relatively high (RH). The score of the cumulative integrated environmental risk index calculated by using the method of the present disclosure is 49.83, just within an interval of Grade-relatively high (RH). The score of the cumulative integrated environmental risk index calculated by the traditional method is 69.28, which falls within an interval of Grade-high (H). When the cumulative atmosphere, water and soil environmental risk indexes are all 50, which are the lowest values of Grade-high (H), the score of the cumulative integrated environmental risk index should also be located at Grade-high (H). The score of the cumulative integrated environmental risk index calculated by using the method of the present disclosure is 62.29, just within an interval of Grade-high (H). The score of the cumulative integrated environmental risk index calculated by the traditional method is 86.60, which falls within an interval of Grade-very high (VH). Therefore, it can be seen that the grade of the cumulative environmental risk is overestimated and the discrimination of the superimposed environmental risk indexes is difficult to maintain due to the inaccurate calculation of the traditional method. By using the method of the present disclosure, the grade of the cumulative environmental risk can be accurately estimated and the discrimination of the superimposed environmental risk indexes can be maintained. 
     By using the method of the present disclosure, the cumulative environmental risk evaluation is performed on Nanjing District, and the specific process is as follows: 
     In step 1, evaluation region determination, data collection, and grid division are performed: the whole district of Nanjing is selected as an evaluation region, relevant data is collected, and a resolution of 1 km×1 km is adopted for grid division. 
     In step 2, a grid c is selected, and a standardized cumulative atmosphere environmental risk field intensity index SFA c , water environmental risk field intensity index SFW c , and soil environmental risk field intensity index SFS c  of the grid unit are calculated. 
     Cumulative atmosphere environmental risk field intensity index SFA c : the region has 20 atmospheric pollution sources, a distance between risk source 1 and the grid unit c is less than 1 km, u 1 =1, and an atmosphere environmental risk field intensity index of risk source 1 in the grid unit c is 50. Risk field intensity indexes from 20 risk sources to the grid unit c are sequentially calculated and finally summed to obtain SFA c =60. 
     Cumulative water environmental risk field intensity index SFW c : the grid unit has no water body, so SFW c =0. 
     Cumulative soil environmental risk field intensity index SFS c : in this case, the cumulative soil environmental risk field intensity index is equal to the cumulative atmosphere environmental risk field intensity index, i.e., SFS c  is 60. 
     In step 3, a cumulative environmental risk control mechanism index (M) of the grid unit c is calculated: with reference to evaluation indicators, a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk control mechanism index MA c , a cumulative water environmental risk control mechanism index MW c , and a cumulative soil environmental risk control mechanism index MS c  are calculated as 25, 0, and 50, separately, and are standardized. Of course, since the values are all within a range of 0-100, they may not be standardized. 
     In step 4, a cumulative environmental risk receptor index (V) of the grid unit c is calculated: in the grid unit c, the population is 500, pop max  is 2,000, pop min  is 10, pop c  is calculated as 0.25, v c  is calculated as 0.4 similarly, and then a cumulative atmosphere environmental risk receptor index VA c  is 0.32, and then standardized to obtain a result of 40. With reference to evaluation indicators, a cumulative water environmental risk receptor index VW c  is calculated as 0 and a cumulative soil environmental risk control mechanism index VS c  is calculated as 70. 
     In step 5, a cumulative environmental risk index (RC) of the grid unit c is calculated: the index including cumulative environmental risk indexes corresponding to various environmental media and a cumulative integrated environmental risk index are calculated with reference to Formulas (21)-(25) to obtain RCA c  of 40, RCW c  of 0, RCS c  of 60, and RC of 61.50. 
     In step 6, cumulative environmental risk division and map drawing are performed according to Table 8: according to step 5, the cumulative environmental risk of the grid belongs to Grade-high (H), after the cumulative environmental risk indexes of all grid units are calculated by repeating steps 2-5, the grids are characterized by adopting different colors on a map with reference to grading standard ratings, and the result is shown in  FIG. 3 . 
     The regional gridding cumulative environmental risk evaluation method based on the risk field of the present disclosure is used for cumulative environmental risk evaluation using a constructed evaluation system. The cumulative environmental risk can be scientifically evaluated and managed by the evaluation system. According to the evaluation method, a cumulative environmental risk index evaluation model is constructed from a cumulative environmental risk field intensity, a cumulative environmental risk control mechanism, and a cumulative environmental risk receptor respectively based on a risk field theory, and grade division is performed according to a score of a cumulative environmental risk index, so that a cumulative environmental risk grade of the evaluation region is determined, and a visual map is drawn, thereby realizing the evaluation and visualization of the regional gridding cumulative environmental risk. The evaluation method is independent of information of exposure data and exposure response relationships, so that the cumulative environmental risk can be evaluated macroscopically. Therefore, the method is high in universality, and is more scientific and accurate in evaluation compared to the traditional method, thereby providing a scientific method for the cumulative environmental risk evaluation, and enriching the cumulative environmental risk evaluation theory. 
     The foregoing embodiments are merely exemplary implementations of the present disclosure. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make some improvement and equivalent replacement without departing from the principle of the present disclosure, and such technical solutions making improvement and equivalent replacement to the claims of the present disclosure shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.