Patent Publication Number: US-2023139603-A1

Title: Methods and appartus to determine a number of people in an area

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This patent arises from a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 17/379,773 (now U.S. Pat. No. ______), filed Jul. 19, 2021, entitled “Methods and Apparatus to Determine a Number of People in an Area,” which is a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/831,918 (now U.S. Pat. No. 11,070,875), filed Dec. 5, 2017, entitled “Methods and Apparatus to Determine a Number of People in an Area,” which is a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 14/874,011 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,843,836), filed Oct. 2, 2015, entitled “Methods and Apparatus to Determine a Number of People in an Area,” which is a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 13/829,067 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,179,185), filed Mar. 14, 2013, entitled “Methods and Apparatus to Determine a Number of People in an Area.” U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 17/379,773; U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/831,918; U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 14/874,011; and U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 13/829,067 are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Priority to U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 17/379,773; U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/831,918; U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 14/874,011; and U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 13/829,067 is hereby claimed. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     This disclosure relates generally to wireless technology, and, more particularly, to monitoring a number of people in an area using wireless technology. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Wireless technology enables an individual to communicate with others and/or a network using a mobile device (e.g., a mobile phone (e.g., a cell phone or smartphone), personal digital assistant, a tablet computer (e.g., an iPad®), a laptop computer, etc.). A mobile device establishes communication with a network by registering with a base station or access point. 
     For cellular communication, a base station may be an access point (e.g., a standard mobile base station, a microcell, a picocell, a femtocell, etc.) that is accessible using cellular communication technology (e.g., global system for mobile communication (GSM), code division multiple access (CDMA), etc.). For other wireless communication, such as Wi-Fi, the base station may be a wireless router, hotspot access point, etc. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is an illustration of an example environment including an example base station disclosed herein. 
         FIG.  2    is a block diagram of a first example implementation of the example base station of  FIG.  1    including an example counter disclosed herein. 
         FIG.  3    is a block diagram of a second example implementation of the example base station of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  4    is an example data structure of an example registration log that may be implemented by the example base station of  FIGS.  1 ,  2   , and/or  3 . 
         FIG.  5    is a flowchart representation of example machine readable instructions that may be executed to implement the example base station and/or the example counterfeit base station of  FIGS.  1 ,  2  and/or  3   . 
         FIG.  6    is a flowchart representation of example machine readable instructions that may be executed to implement an example registration manager of the example base station of  FIGS.  1 ,  2   , and/or  3 . 
         FIG.  7    is a block diagram of an example implementation of the media meter of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  8    is a flowchart representation of example machine readable instructions that may be executed to implement the example media meter of  FIG.  7   . 
         FIG.  9    is a block diagram of an example processing platform capable of executing the example machine readable instructions of  FIGS.  5  and/or  6    to implement the example base station of  FIGS.  1 ,  2   , and/or  3  and/or to execute the example machine readable instructions of  FIG.  8    to implement the example media meter of  FIG.  7   . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Example methods and apparatus disclosed herein determine a number of people in an area based on a number of mobile devices communicating or attempting to communicate with a base station within or near the area. Example methods include logging, via a processor, identification information for one or more mobile device(s) corresponding to one or more received request(s) to register with a base station and determining a number of mobile devices located in an area corresponding to the base station during a particular period of time based on the tracked periods of time. In some examples, the identities of the mobile devices are logged and timestsamped. Such data may be used as people meter data to facilitate audience measurement by aligning the people meter data with media exposure data for an information presentation device in the vicinity of the base station. This approach works particularly well when the base station is geographically limited. For example, this approach works well when the base station is a femtocell. 
     In some examples disclosed herein, a base station is an operable or active base station that provides communication services to a subscriber network. In other examples, a base station is a counterfeit base station that “acts” like an active base station by broadcasting signals within an appropriate frequency range, such as a cellular frequency range licensed to one or more mobile service providers (e.g., Verizon, AT&amp;T, T-Mobile, Sprint, etc.), but does not actually provide communication services. In some such examples, the base station or counterfeit base station monitors registration requests from the mobile devices to determine the number of mobile devices in a location. In such examples, the mobile devices automatically attempt to register with the base station or counterfeit base station in order to gain access to a network. 
     By logging attempts to register with a base station or counterfeit base station, example methods and apparatus disclosed herein are able to determine a number of people at a location near the base station or counterfeit base station during corresponding period(s) of time. In some examples, an identifier of the mobile device is logged in connection with the request to register, and such requests to register are timestamped. By detecting repeated requests to register, examples disclosed herein can record a duration of time a mobile device is in the vicinity of the base station. 
     As noted above, example methods and apparatus disclosed herein may be implemented for use with an audience measurement system. In audience measurement systems, detection of person identifying information identifying persons at a location where a media presentation is occurring is used to determine ratings and/or other audience measurements. The person identification data can be mapped, aligned, and/or correlated with media identifying information corresponding to detected media at the same location to provide exposure data for that media (e.g., to determine the audience size and/or demographic composition from the audience). For example, an audience measurement entity (e.g., The Nielsen Company (US), LLC) can calculate ratings for a first piece of media (e.g., a television program) based on person identifying information and media identifying information data collected from a plurality of panelist sites. The person identifying information is used in such examples to look up the demographics of the persons with the identifying information. Such persons identified have previously registered as panelists by providing their demographics, consenting to having their media exposure tracked, and receiving a panelist user name or identifier. For example, in each panelist site wherein the first piece of media is detected in the monitored environment at a first time, media identifying information for the first piece of media is associated with person identifying information (e.g., representing a number of individuals at the location, a panelist identifier such as a name or other alphanumeric identifier, demographics, etc.) collected for persons present in the environment at the first time. The results from multiple panelist sites are combined and/or analyzed to provide ratings representative of exposure of a larger population of interest. 
     Example methods and apparatus disclosed herein may be used to count a number of audience members exposed to media at a location proximate the base station or counterfeit base station. In particular, by identifying a number of mobile devices in communication with the base station or counterfeit base station at a particular period of time and identifying a media presentation during the same period of time, an audience measurement entity is able to determine exposure metrics for the media presentation at the corresponding location. 
     Mobile technology has become so popular that it is rare for an adult individual to not own a mobile device and/or carry a mobile device on his or her person. Moreover, even many minors (e.g., teenagers and younger) often carry their own cellular phone and/or other wireless device (e.g., an iPod′ or other MP3 player). Accordingly, by identifying a number of mobile devices in an area, an assumption can be made that the same or approximately the same number of people are located in the same area. In other words, the number of mobile devices registering with or attempting to register with a base station may serve as a proxy for the number of people in the vicinity of the base station. Examples disclosed herein recognize that although a number of mobile devices may be detected in an area, it does not necessarily mean that an exactly equivalent number of people is located in the same area. For example, children may not carry mobile devices, and therefore may not be recognized as present. As another example, some individuals carry two or more mobile devices, and therefore, may be recognized as two individuals. Therefore, the detected number of mobile devices in communication with (and/or who have registered with or attempted to register with) a base station or counterfeit base station may be adjusted using a probability of the accuracy of the number of individuals. For example, if an audience of particular media (e.g., a children&#39;s program) is expected to include many children, the probability of accuracy may be different (e.g., lower) than for an audience of second media (e.g., Downton Abbey) expected to include primarily adults. Accordingly, demographics, location, etc. for an expected audience may be used to determine the probability of accuracy. The probability of accuracy may provide a multiplier to adjust the audience count (up or down) to improve the accuracy of the people counter. 
     As disclosed herein, a user may be associated with a mobile device by carrying the mobile device on his or her person and/or by being registered to the mobile device. Example mobile devices may automatically (e.g., cellular phones) and/or manually (e.g., Wi-Fi devices that request authorization) attempt to register and/or communicate with a base station and/or counterfeit base station. A mobile device that automatically communicates with a base station and/or counterfeit base station requests communication with the base station and/or counterfeit base station without user interaction. A mobile device that manually establishes communication with the base station and/or counterfeit base station requests user authorization to communicate with the base station and/or communicates with the base station and/or counterfeit base station upon a user request. 
       FIG.  1    is an illustration of an example environment  100  including an example base station and/or counterfeit base station  110 . In the illustrated example of  FIG.  1   , the example base station and/or counterfeit base station  110  communicates with multiple mobile device(s)  120 ( a ),  120 ( b ),  120 ( c ), . . . ,  120 ( n ) (generally or collectively referred to herein as “mobile device(s)  120 ”), wherein (n) represents the number of mobile devices  120  in communication with the base station and/or counterfeit base station  110  at a given time. The example base station  110  may facilitate communication between the mobile device(s)  120  and a network  130  (e.g., a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), the Internet, and/or a cellular phone system). Alternatively, the base station  110  may be an example counterfeit base station  110  which does not actively connect the mobile device(s) to a network. The example network  130  of  FIG.  1    facilitates communication between the base station  110  and a central data facility  140 . The network  130  may be implemented by one or more networks. In some examples, the example base station  110  facilitates communication between a media identification system  150  and the network  130  and/or the central data facility  140 . The example media identification system  150  of the illustrated example includes a media detector  152  (e.g., a meter) that monitors media output by a media presentation device  154 . The media presentation device  154  may be one or more of a television, a radio, a computer, a billboard, etc. 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  1   , mobile device users A, B, C, . . . , N are associated with mobile device(s)  120 ( a ),  120 ( b ),  120 ( c ),  120 ( n ), respectively, where (N) is equivalent to a number of users/mobile device(s)  120  in communication with the base station and/or counterfeit base station  110 . The example mobile device(s)  120  may be a mobile phone (e.g., a cell phone, smartphone, etc.), mp3 player (e.g., an iPod™), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer (e.g., an iPad™), a laptop computer, etc. 
     The example base station and/or counterfeit base station  110  of  FIG.  1    includes an example counter  160 . The example counter  160  tracks a number (n) of mobile device(s)  120  in communication with the base station  110 . The base station and/or counterfeit base station  110  logs mobile device identification information such as an identifier of the mobile device(s)  120  (e.g., an IMEI number), timestamp(s) corresponding to communications with the mobile device(s)  120 , and/or signal metrics (e.g., signal strength, signal type, signal direction, etc.). The mobile device identification information is logged by the example counter  160  of the base station  110  of  FIG.  1   . In some examples, the counter  160  provides the logged mobile device identification information to the central data facility  140  for further processing (e.g., determining a number of people located at a location of the base station  110  at a particular time, determining the demographic of such persons, etc.), storage, etc. 
     In examples in which the media identification system  150  is implemented with the base station and/or counterfeit base station  110 , audience exposure metrics may be developed for a media presentation output by the media presentation device  154  by identifying the media and determining the number (N) of users in the environment  100  and/or the identification of such users. The number (N) of users can be determined based on the number (n) of mobile device(s)  120  in communication with the base station and/or counterfeit base station  110  or that were in communication with the base station and/or counterfeit base station  110  during the time period the presentation device  154  presented the media (such an example is described in further detail below in connection with  FIG.  7    and accompanying disclosure). The demographics of such users can be determined by using device identification information collected by the base station and/or counterfeit base station  110  during the request messages. 
     The example media detector  152  of  FIG.  1    detects presentation(s) of media (e.g., television programming, radio programming, online streaming, billboard advertisements, Internet media such as web sites, television advertisements, radio advertisements, Internet radio, etc.) in the environment  100  and/or collects identification information associated with the detected presentation(s). In some examples, the media detector  152  of the illustrated example, which may be in wired and/or wireless communication with the media presentation device  154 , identifies a presentation time and a source identification (e.g., a tuned channel) of the media. The presentation time and the source identification data may be utilized to identify the corresponding media by, for example, cross-referencing a program guide configured, for example, as a look up table. In such instances, the source identification data may be, for example, the identity of a channel (e.g., obtained by monitoring a tuner of the presentation device  154  or another device (e.g., a set-top box (STB)) associated with the presentation device  154 ) currently being presented on the information presentation device  154 . 
     In some examples, the example media detector  152  identifies the presentation by detecting codes (e.g., watermarks, etc.) embedded with or otherwise conveyed (e.g., broadcast) with media being presented via the presentation device  154 . As used herein, a code is an identifier that is transmitted with the media for the purpose of identifying and/or for tuning to (e.g., via a packet identifier (PID) header and/or other data used to tune or select packets in a multiplexed stream of packets) the corresponding media. Codes may be carried in the audio, in the video, in metadata, in a vertical blanking interval, in a program guide, in content data, and/or in any other portion of the media and/or the signal carrying the media. In the illustrated example, the media detector  152  extracts the codes from the media. In some examples, the media detector  152  may collect samples of the media and export the samples to a remote site for detection of the code(s). 
     Additionally or alternatively, the media detector  152  can collect a signature representative of a portion of the media. As used herein, a signature is a representation of some characteristic of one or more signal(s) carrying or representing one or more aspects of the media (e.g., a frequency spectrum of an audio signal). Signatures may be thought of as fingerprints of the respective media. Collected signature(s) can be compared against a collection of reference signatures of known media to identify the tuned media. In some examples, the signature(s) are generated by the media detector  152 . Additionally or alternatively, the media detector  152  may collect samples of the media and export the samples to a remote site for generation of the signature(s). Collecting codes and/or signatures for the purposes of audience measurement have long been known. Such a system was first disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,481,294, which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
     In some examples, the base station  110  generates a list indicating the number of mobile devices  120  that were in communication with the base station  110  during a period of time (e.g., specific hour, half-hour, quarter-hour, minute, etc.). For example, the list may be generated chronologically indicating the number (n) of mobile devices  120  that were in communication with the base station  110  during the time period in question. In some examples, the media detector  152  generates a list of programs identified at a particular location. For example, the list may be generated chronologically indicating the media (e.g., content and/or advertisements) detected during the time period in question. By identifying media that was presented at a particular time, an audience measurement entity may cross-reference the time to the list generated by the base station and/or counterfeit base station  110  to identify the number (n) of mobile devices  120  that were in communication with the base station  110  at that time, and thus identify an approximate (or exact) number of people (N) exposed to the detected media. In examples where the base station and/or the counterfeit base station  110  record the identity of the mobile device(s), the audience measurement entity can match the media exposure to panelists associated with one or more of the devices (n) and, thus, can develop metrics reflecting exposure of specific demographic population(s) for the media. 
     As an example, in  FIG.  1   , assume the media identification system  150  is located at a restaurant that displays the Super Bowl on a television, implementing the media presentation device  154 . The restaurant of this example includes a femtocell, which implements the base station  110 , to enable mobile cellular phone(s)  120  to connect to a subscriber network  130 . The example femtocell  110  of this example incorporates the counter  160  to track a number of cell phones  120  in communication or attempting to communicate with the femtocell  110 . Assume that the media detector  152  identifies that the Super Bowl was presented on the television from 5:30 PM-9:30 PM and that the counter capablilities of the femtocell  110  identify that 100 cell phones  120  (i.e., n=100) connected with the femtocell  110  from 5:30-9:30 PM. Accordingly, an audience measurement entity, upon receipt of the above information, determines that 100 people (or approximately 100 people) were exposed to the Super Bowl at the restaurant between 5:30 PM and 9:30 PM. If any of these people are panelists of the audience measurement entity, the identification of the cellular phones of the panelists may be used to develop more granular data (e.g., three Hispanic males between ages 30 and 35 were exposed to the Super Bowl (and, perhaps more importantly, the advertisements presented with the Super Bowl) between 6:30 PM an 7:00 PM). 
       FIG.  2    is a block diagram of a first example implementation of the example base station  110  of  FIG.  1   . The example base station  110  of  FIG.  2    illustrates an example implementation of the example counter  160  of  FIG.  1   , an example mobile device interface  210 , an example mobile event controller  220 , an example mobile system controller  230 , and an example mobile network interface  240 . An example communication bus  202  facilitates communication between the mobile interface  210 , the mobile event controller  220 , the mobile system controller  230 , and/or the mobile network interface  240 . In the illustrated example of  FIG.  2   , the base station  110  is an active base station capable of providing communication service (e.g., cellular communication, data communication, etc.) to a network (e.g., the network  130 ) managed by a service provider (e.g., a cellular service provider, an Internet service provider, etc.). For example, the base station  110  may be a femtocell, a microcell, a router, etc. associated with the service provider. 
     In the example of  FIG.  2   , the example base station  110  communicates with the mobile device(s)  120  of  FIG.  1    via the mobile device interface  210 . The example mobile event controller  220  monitors and/or identifies communication between the mobile device(s)  120  and the base station  110 . The example mobile system controller  230  monitors communication between requesting mobile device(s)  120  and the network  130 . In the illustrated example, the mobile system controller  230  determines whether to facilitate communication between the mobile device(s)  120  and the network  130 . For example, the mobile system controller  230  determines whether the mobile device(s)  120  seeking to communicate subscribes to a service provider (e.g., Verizon, AT&amp;T, Sprint, etc.) that owns, leases, and/or operates the network  130 . In the illustrated example, if the mobile device  120  is a subscriber to the service provider, then access to the network  130  is granted (e.g., communication is permitted (e.g., not blocked)). In such an example, the mobile system controller  230  facilitates communication between the authorized mobile device(s)  120  and the network  130  via the mobile device interface  210  and the network interface  240  using any past, present, and/or future protocols and/or techniques. The mobile system controller  230  of the illustrated example authorizes and/or determines if the mobile device(s)  120  are authorized subscribers and/or users using any appropriate techniques. When the mobile system controller  230  determines that the base station  110  is to facilitate communication between the mobile device(s)  120  and the network  130 , the mobile system controller  230  authorizes the mobile network interface  240  to transmit and/or receive communications for the authorized mobile device(s)  120  to and/or from the network  130 . 
     As mentioned above, the example mobile event controller  220  of  FIG.  2    monitors communication between the base station  110  and the mobile device(s)  120 . The example mobile event controller  220  of  FIG.  2    provides communication information to the counter  160 . As disclosed herein, the example communication information may include, for example, a device identifier (device ID) (e.g., an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI), a device telephone number, a device name, a device address (e.g., internet protocol (IP) address, Media Access Control (MAC) address, etc.), an International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI) number etc.), and/or signal metrics (e.g., signal strength, signal direction (e.g., to/from the mobile station  110 )). 
     The example counter  160  of  FIG.  2    includes an example registration manager  260 , an example counter controller  270 , an example timer  280 , and an example output device  290 . An example communication bus  204  facilitates communication between the example registration manager  260 , the example counter controller  270 , the example timer  280 , and/or the example output device  290 . The example registration manager  260  of  FIG.  2    includes an example logger  262 , an example timestamper  264 , and an example registration log  266 . The registration manager  260  of the illustrated example monitors communication between the mobile device(s)  120  and the base station  110  via the mobile event controller  220 . The example logger  262  updates the registration log  266  upon identification of a communication with a mobile device  120 , such as the mobile device  120 ( a ). The example logger  262  updates the registration log  266  with communication information (e.g., a device ID, signal metrics, etc.). The example timestamper  264  timestamps the communication log to enable identification of what device(s) were present at what times. 
     In some examples, when the event controller  220  determines that a communication event occurred between a mobile device (e.g., the mobile device  120 ( a )) and the base station  110 , the event controller  220  extracts communication information from a message of the communication event. The example event controller  220  forwards the extracted communication information to the registration manager  260 . The example registration manager  260  retrieves an identifier from the message (e.g., an IMSI, a phone number, an IP address, a MAC address, etc.) corresponding to the mobile device (e.g., the mobile device  120 ( a )) in communication with the base station  110 . If a log entry in the registration log  266  corresponding to the identified mobile device  120  exists in the registration log  266 , the communication information in the log entry corresponding to the mobile device  120  is updated. If a log entry in the registration log  266  corresponding to the identified mobile device  120  does not exist, the registration manager  260  creates a log entry in the registration log  266  and stores the communication information (e.g., a request to register, a device identifier, a timestamp, and/or signal strength) in a new log entry of the registration log  266 . An example registration log  266  is described in more detail below in connection with  FIG.  4   . In some examples, the registration log  266  is not organized as explained above, but instead each communication generates a new log entry without reference to existing entries. 
     The example counter controller  270  of  FIG.  2    periodically or aperiodically accesses the collected information to determine a number (n) of mobile device(s)  120  in communication with the base station  110  at particular points and/or periods in time In some examples, the counter controller  270  does not access the collected data but instead exports the data to an external device on a period or aperiodic basis. In some examples, a system administrator or user may request the base station  110  to provide communication information currently stored in the registration log  266  (e.g., a request to indicate the number (n) of mobile device(s)  120  currently in communication with the base station  110 ). In some such examples, the mobile system controller  230  and/or event controller  220  respond(s) to such a request by requesting the counter controller  270  to provide such information. In some such examples, the counter controller  270  identifies the amount of open log entries (see  FIG.  4   ) indicating current communication with the mobile device(s)  120  and provides data representative of the number (n) of mobile device(s)  120  to the mobile system controller  230  via the output device  290  and/or the mobile network interface  240 . Furthermore, in some such examples, the counter controller  270  outputs the data from the log entries of the registration log  266  via the output device  290  to the mobile network interface  240 . In some examples, the mobile system controller  230  facilitates transmission of the information to a requesting system administrator or user via the mobile device interface  210  or the mobile network interface  240 . 
     The registration manager  260  of the illustrated example uses the timer  280  to determine when communication between the base station  110  and the mobile device(s)  120  associated with device IDs stored in the registration log  266  has ended (e.g., after a communication timeout involving a threshold period of time passing without communication from the mobile device(s)  120 , etc.). In some examples, the counter controller  270  of  FIG.  2    instructs the output device  290  to output the corresponding communication data (e.g., device ID, time period of communication, signal metrics, etc.) from the registration log  266  to the mobile network interface  240  for transmission to the central data facility  140  when the timer  280  identifies an end of the communication session. In some examples, the counter controller  270  determines that the corresponding data is to temporarily remain in the registration log  266  (e.g., in the event of a communication failure with the mobile system network  130  and/or in systems that periodically or aperiodically export their data (e.g., once per hour, during time of resource usage, etc.). 
     While an example manner of implementing the base station  110  of  FIG.  1    is illustrated in  FIG.  2   , one or more of the elements, processes and/or devices illustrated in  FIG.  2    may be combined, divided, re-arranged, omitted, eliminated and/or implemented in any other way. Further, the example mobile device interface  210 , the example mobile event controller  220 , the example mobile system controller  230 , the example mobile network interface  240 , the example counter  160 , the example media detector  152 , the example registration manager  260 , the example logger  262 , the example timestamper  264 , the example registration log  266 , the example counter controller  270 , the example timer  280 , the example output device  290  and/or, more generally, the example base station  110  of  FIGS.  1  and/or  2    may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware and/or any combination of hardware, software and/or firmware. Thus, for example, any of the example mobile device interface  210 , the example mobile event controller  220 , the example mobile system controller  230 , the example mobile network interface  240 , the example counter  160 , the example media detector  152 , the example registration manager  260 , the example logger  262 , the example timestamper  264 , the example registration log  266 , the example counter controller  270 , the example timer  280 , the example output device  290  and/or, more generally, the example base station  110  could be implemented by one or more circuit(s), programmable processor(s), application specific integrated circuit(s) (ASIC(s)), programmable logic device(s) (PLD(s)) and/or field programmable logic device(s) (FPLD(s)), etc. When reading any of the apparatus or system claims of this patent to cover a purely software and/or firmware implementation, at least one of the example mobile device interface  210 , the example mobile event controller  220 , the example mobile system controller  230 , the example mobile network interface  240 , the example counter  160 , the example media detector  152 , the example registration manager  260 , the example logger  262 , the example timestamper  264 , the example registration log  266 , the example counter controller  270 , the example timer  280 , the example output device  290 , and/or the example base station  110  are hereby expressly defined to include a tangible computer readable storage device or storage disc such as a memory, DVD, CD, Blu-ray, etc. storing the software and/or firmware. Further still, the example base station  110  of  FIG.  1    may include one or more elements, processes and/or devices in addition to, or instead of, those illustrated in  FIG.  2   , and/or may include more than one of any or all of the illustrated elements, processes and devices. 
       FIG.  3    is a block diagram of a second example implementation of the example base station  110  of  FIG.  1   . The example base station  110  of  FIG.  3    includes several components that are similar or identical to the components of the example base station of  FIG.  2   . Thus, the description of these components will not be repeated here. Instead, like components will be identified with like reference numbers to enable the interested reader to refer to  FIG.  2    and its description for a full and complete description of these like components. The example base station  110  of  FIG.  3    is a counterfeit base station  110  in that it does not actually provide communication services to mobile device(s)  120  but exists instead for people counting purposes. The counterfeit base station  110  of the illustrated example includes an example mobile interface  210 , an example configuration changer  320 , and an example counter  160  including: (1) an example registration manager  260  (which may be implemented by the example registration manager  260  of  FIG.  2   ), (2) an example base station controller  370 , (3) an example timer  280 , and (4) an example output device  290 . An example communication bus  302  facilitates communication between the registration manager  260 , the configuration changer  320 , the base station controller  370 , the timer  280 , and/or the output device  290 . 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  3   , the counterfeit base station  110  is not an active base station (as opposed to the example base station  110  of  FIG.  2   , which is an active base station). Accordingly, mobile device(s)  120  are not capable of receiving services from (e.g., telephone communication, data communication, etc.) and/or communicating with the network  130  of  FIG.  1    via the counterfeit base station  110  because the counterfeit base station  110  is not associated with a service provider. However, in the illustrated example of  FIG.  3   , the counterfeit base station  110  “acts” like an active base station, and, thus, sends and/or receives signals via a wireless communication protocol (e.g., GSM, CDMA, Wi-Fi, etc.). 
     In the illustrated example, the counterfeit base station  110  of  FIG.  3    “acts” like a cellular femtocell by transmitting signals over one or more unlicensed and/or licensed frequencies of the cellular communication spectrum. In such an example, the mobile device(s)  120  attempt to register with the counterfeit base station  110  because it appears to be an active base station. In some examples, the mobile stations  120  attempt to register with the counterfeit base station  110  in order to gain access to the network  130 . In some such examples, after an initial attempt to register with the counterfeit base station  110  to gain access to the network  130  proves to be unsuccessful, the mobile device(s)  120  may no longer attempt to register with the counterfeit base station  110  unless configuration settings of the counterfeit base station  110  are changed. For example, the mobile device(s)  120  may “learn” that registration with the counterfeit base station  110  having a first configuration will not grant access to the network  130 , and therefore, future attempts to register with the counterfeit base station  110  are squelched to avoid waste of resources (e.g., battery life, processing bandwidth, etc.). As explained below, the example counterfeit base station  110  of  FIG.  3    reconfigures itself to “trick” the mobile device(s)  120  into attempting to register again using the configuration changer  320 . 
     In the example of  FIG.  3   , the example counterfeit base station  110  receives registration requests from the mobile device(s)  120  of  FIG.  1    via the example mobile interface  210 . The mobile interface  210  of  FIG.  3    forwards communication information extracted from the registration requests to the registration manager  260 . The example registration manager  260  of  FIG.  3    includes an example logger  262  (which may be implemented like the example logger  262  of  FIG.  2   ), an example timestamper  264  (which may be implemented like the example timestamper  264  of  FIG.  2   ), and an example registration log  266  (which may be implemented like the example registration log  266  of  FIG.  2   ). The logger  262  of the registration manager  260  monitors communications between the mobile device(s)  120  and the base station  110  and recording information in the registration log  266  similar to the registration manager  260  as described above in connection with  FIG.  2   . 
     The example base station controller  370  of  FIG.  3    provides communication information corresponding to the number of mobile device(s)  120  that have been and/or are currently in communication with the counterfeit base station  110 . The base station controller  370  operates similarly to the counter controller  270  disclosed above in connection with  FIG.  2   . In some examples, the base station controller  370  of  FIG.  3    monitors a length of time between reconfigurations of the counterfeit base station  110  using the timer  280 . 
     The example base station controller  370  of  FIG.  3    instructs the configuration changer  320  to alter the configuration of the counterfeit base station  110  after a threshold period of time. In some examples, the example base station controller  370  instructs the configuration changer  320  to alter the configuration of the counterfeit base station  110  after a threshold number of received registration request(s) (e.g., 1 request, 5 requests, 10 requests, etc.). 
     The example configuration changer  320  alters the configuration of the counterfeit base station  110  to “trick” the mobile device(s)  120  into attempting to register with the counterfeit base station  110  (even if previous attempts to register failed). The example configuration changer  320  may alter the configuration of the base station  110  by performing the following: (1) changing an identifier (e.g., a base station ID, a service set identifier (SSID), etc.) of the counterfeit base station  110  (the identifier may be broadcast across a licensed or unlicensed wireless spectrum), (2) changing a signal strength of signals broadcasts by the counterfeit base station  110 , and/or (3) initiating or performing a system restart of the counterfeit base station  110 . Other techniques that may alter the appearance of the counterfeit base station  110  relative to the mobile device(s)  120  may be implemented by the configuration changer  320 . 
     The example timer  280  and the example output device  290  of  FIG.  3    are respectively implemented similarly to the timer  280  and output device  290  disclosed above in connection with  FIG.  2   . In the example of  FIG.  3   , the example output device  290  outputs received data from the registration manager  260  to a data storage device associated with the counterfeit base station  110  (e.g., the mass storage device  928  of  FIG.  9   ), a network (e.g., the network  130  of  FIG.  1   ), and/or a central data facility (e.g., the central data facility  140  of  FIG.  1   ). 
     While an example manner of implementing the example counterfeit base station  110  is illustrated in  FIG.  3   , one or more of the elements, processes and/or devices illustrated in  FIG.  3    may be combined, divided, re-arranged, omitted, eliminated and/or implemented in any other way. Further, the example mobile device interface  210 , the example registration manager  260 , the example logger  262 , the example timestamper  264 , the example registration log  266 , the example configuration changer  320 , the example base station controller  370 , the example timer  280 , the example output device  290  and/or, more generally, the example counterfeit base station  110  of  FIGS.  1  and/or  3    may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware and/or any combination of hardware, software and/or firmware. Thus, for example, any of the example mobile device interface  210 , the example registration manager  260 , the example logger  262 , the example timestamper  264 , the example registration log  266 , the example configuration changer  320 , the example base station controller  370 , the example timer  280 , the example output device  290  and/or, more generally, the example counterfeit base station  110  could be implemented by one or more circuit(s), programmable processor(s), application specific integrated circuit(s) (ASIC(s)), programmable logic device(s) (PLD(s)) and/or field programmable logic device(s) (FPLD(s)), etc. When reading any of the apparatus or system claims of this patent to cover a purely software and/or firmware implementation, at least one of the example mobile device interface  210 , the example registration manager  260 , the example logger  262 , the example timestamper  264 , the example registration log  266 , the example configuration changer  320 , the example base station controller  370 , the example timer  280 , the example output device  290 , and/or the example counterfeit base station  110  are hereby expressly defined to include a tangible computer readable storage device or storage disc such as a memory, DVD, CD, Blu-ray, etc. storing the software and/or firmware. Further still, the example counterfeit base station  110  of  FIG.  3    may include one or more elements, processes and/or devices in addition to, or instead of, those illustrated in  FIG.  3   , and/or may include more than one of any or all of the illustrated elements, processes and devices. 
       FIG.  4    is an example data structure of an example registration log  266  that may be implemented by the example base station and/or counterfeit base station  110  of  FIGS.  1 ,  2   , and/or  3 . The example registration log  266  includes (n) log entries  402  (which may correspond to the number (n) of mobile device(s)  120  in  FIG.  1   ), designated by the rows of the registration log  266 . Each of the example log entries  402  (e.g., each row of the example table  266 ) corresponds to a respective one of the mobile device(s)  120  in communication with (or being tracked by) the base station  110 . 
     Each log entry  402  of  FIG.  4    includes a device ID field  404 , a time of initial registration field  406 , a time of most recent communication field  408 , a signal strength field  410 , and a signal direction field  412 . The example device ID field  404  is used to store a device ID (e.g., an IMSI, a telephone number, a MAC address, an IP address, etc.) corresponding to the mobile device  120 . The example time of initial registration field  406  is used to store timing information (from the timestamper  264 ) corresponding to when the mobile devices initially register with the base station  110 . The time of most recent communication field  408  is used to store timing information (from the timestamper  264 ) corresponding to a most recently determined time that the mobile device(s)  120  communicated with the base station  110 . The signal strength field  410  is used to store information corresponding to a measured signal strength of the communication when either the initial registration request was made or when the most recent communication occurred. The signal direction field  412  is used to store information corresponding to an identified communication direction (e.g., to or from the mobile) and/or a type of communication (e.g., registration request, acknowledgment message, etc.). 
     A flowchart representative of example machine readable instructions for implementing the base station and/or counterfeit base station  110  of  FIGS.  1 ,  2   , and/or  3  is shown in  FIG.  5   . A flowchart representative of example machine readable instructions for implementing the registration manager  260  of  FIGS.  1 ,  2   , and/or  3  is shown in  FIG.  6   . In this example, the machine readable instructions comprise a program for execution by a processor such as the processor  912  shown in the example processor platform  900  discussed below in connection with  FIG.  9   . The program may be embodied in software stored on a tangible computer readable storage medium such as a CD-ROM, a floppy disk, a hard drive, a digital versatile disk (DVD), a Blu-ray disk, or a memory associated with the processor  912 , but the entire program and/or parts thereof could alternatively be executed by a device other than the processor  912  and/or embodied in firmware or dedicated hardware. Further, although the example program is described with reference to the flowcharts illustrated in  FIGS.  5  and/or  6   , many other methods of implementing the example base station  110  of  FIG.  2    and/or the example counterfeit base station  110  of  FIG.  3    may alternatively be used. For example, the order of execution of the blocks may be changed, and/or some of the blocks described may be changed, eliminated, or combined. 
     The program  500  of  FIG.  5    begins with an initiation of the example base station or counterfeit base station  110  (e.g., power up, start up, etc.) to facilitate communication with the example mobile device(s)  120  of  FIG.  1   . The example program  500  represents is iterative. As such, multiple instances of the program  500  (e.g., multiple threads) may exist and/or execute in parallel simultaneously or substantially simultaneously. 
     At block  502  of  FIG.  5   , the event controller  220  of  FIG.  2    and/or the mobile interface  210  of  FIG.  3    determines whether a request for registration signal (e.g., a request for registration message) is received from a mobile device (e.g., the mobile device  120 ( a )). If no registration signal is received by the mobile device interface  210  of  FIGS.  2  and/or  3   , control loops back to continue monitoring for received registration signals at block  502 . If a registration signal is received, for example, from the mobile device  120 ( a ), control advances to block  504 . At block  504 , the event controller  220  of  FIG.  2    and/or the mobile interface  210  of  FIG.  3    extracts and/or forwards mobile device communication information, such as the device ID (e.g., the IMSI, MAC address, etc.) of the mobile device  120 ( a ) and signal metrics (e.g., signal strength, signal direction, message type etc.) of the communication to the registration manager  260 . 
     At block  506  of  FIG.  5   , the registration manager  260  updates the registration log  266  of  FIGS.  2 ,  3  and/or  4    to include the recent communication with the mobile device  120 ( a ). 
     Following the update to the registration log  266  in block  506 , at block  508 , the example mobile system controller  230  of  FIG.  2    determines whether to accept the registration request from the mobile device  120 ( a ). In some examples, the mobile system controller  230  accepts the registration request if the mobile device  120 ( a ) is a subscriber of a service provider associated with the mobile base station  110 . In some examples, the mobile system controller  230  denies the registration request if the mobile device  120 ( a ) is not a subscriber of an associated service provider, if the base station  110  does not have available bandwidth to facilitate communication to/from the mobile device  120 ( a ), etc. At block  508 , if the mobile system controller  230  denies the registration request from the mobile device  120 ( a ), control advances to block  510 . At block  508 , if the mobile system controller  230  accepts the registration request from the mobile device  120 ( a ), control advances to block  520 . 
     For the counterfeit base station  110  of  FIG.  3   , the registration is not accepted at block  508  because the counterfeit base station  110  does not accept registration requests. Accordingly, the base station controller  370  of  FIG.  3    advances control to block  510  (i.e., never branches to block  520 ). 
     At block  510  of  FIG.  5   , the mobile system controller  230  of  FIG.  2    and/or the base station controller  370  of  FIG.  3    determines whether or not to continue monitoring communication with the mobile device(s)  120 . If the mobile system controller  230  of  FIG.  2    and/or the base station controller  370  of  FIG.  3    determine(s) that the base station and/or the counterfeit base station  110  is to no longer monitor communication with the mobile device(s)  120  (e.g., due to a system failure, due to a system shutdown, due to a power failure, etc.), the program  500  ends. If the mobile system controller  230  of  FIG.  2    and/or the base station controller  370  of  FIG.  3    determines that the base station and/or the counterfeit base station  110  is to continue monitoring communication with the mobile device(s)  120 , control advances to block  512 . 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  5   , at block  512 , the mobile system controller  230  of  FIG.  2    and/or the configuration changer  320  of  FIG.  3    determine(s) whether to alter the configuration of the base station and/or the counterfeit base station  110 . In some examples, at block  512  the mobile system controller  230  of  FIG.  2    and/or the configuration changer  320  of  FIG.  3    alter(s) the base station configuration after a threshold period of time (e.g., 10 minutes, 30 minutes, etc.) has passed without communication from one or more of the mobile device(s)  120  and/or a registration request from the mobile device(s)  120 . In some examples, for an actual base station  110 , the mobile system controller  230  of  FIG.  2    only alters the base station configuration due to a power failure, system shutdown, system failure, a reprogramming event, etc. If the mobile system controller  230  and/or the configuration changer  320  determine(s) not to alter the configuration of the base station and/or the counterfeit base station  110 , control returns to block  502 . If the mobile system controller  230  and/or the configuration changer  320  determine(s) to alter the base station configuration, control advances to block  514 . 
     At block  514 , the mobile system controller  230  of  FIG.  2    and/or the configuration changer  320  of  FIG.  3    alter(s) one or more configuration(s) of the base station and/or the counterfeit base station  110 . In some examples, the mobile system controller  230  and/or the configuration changer  320  alter(s) the configuration of the base station and/or the counterfeit base station  110  by changing an identifier of the base station and/or the counterfeit base station  110 . In some examples, the mobile system controller  230  and/or the configuration changer  320  alter(s) the configuration of the base station and/or the counterfeit base station  110  by changing a radio signal strength of the base station and/or the counterfeit base station  110 . In some examples, the mobile system controller  230  and/or the configuration changer  320  alter(s) the configuration of the base station and/or the counterfeit base station  110  by shutting down and restarting the mobile base station and/or the counterfeit base station  110  after a threshold period of time and/or by resetting the mobile base station and/or the counterfeit base station  110 . The mobile system controller  230  and/or the configuration changer  320  may alter the configuration of the base station and/or the counterfeit base station  110  using any appropriate techniques. Such example alterations to the configuration(s) of the base station and/or the counterfeit base station  110  may cause, trigger, trick, manipulate and/or entice the example mobile device(s)  120  of  FIG.  1    to send and/or resend registration requests to the base station and/or the counterfeit base station  110 . For example, for the base station  110  of  FIG.  2   , altering the base station configuration may cause the mobile device(s)  120  that is/are not subscribed to the network  130  to attempt to reregister with the base station  110  despite previously experiencing one or more failed attempts to register with the base station  110 . 
     Returning back to block  520 , when the mobile system controller  230  of  FIG.  2    accepts the registration request from the mobile device  120 ( a ) (block  508 ), the mobile system controller  230  establishes a communication session with the mobile device  120 ( a ) (e.g., by sending an acknowledgement message) via the mobile device interface  210 . The example mobile system controller  230  and/or the example mobile device interface  210  may communicate with the example mobile device  120 ( a ) using any appropriate techniques (e.g., GSM, CDMA, Wi-Fi, etc.). 
     At block  522  of  FIG.  5   , the event controller  220  of  FIG.  2    determines whether the mobile device  120 ( a ) and the base station  110  have communicated. In some examples, at block  522 , the event controller  220  monitors a length of time from establishing the communication session (at block  520 ) (e.g., from a time an acknowledgement message was sent from the base station  110 ). In some such examples, if a message is not received from the mobile device  120 ( a ) after a threshold period of time, the event controller  220  determines that the communication session with mobile device  120 ( a ) has ended (e.g., the mobile device  120 ( a ) has left the area). At block  522 , if the event controller  220  determines that a message (e.g., a response message, a data packet, a registration request, etc.) from the mobile device  120 ( a ) has not been received, control advances to block  510 . In some examples, when the event controller  220  determines that no message has been received, the event controller  220  notifies the registration manager  260  that the communication session has ended, and the registration manager  260  updates the registration log  266  to identify the most recent communication direction (to the mobile device  120 ( a )). 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  5   , if the event controller  220  determines that a message has been received, control advances to block  524 . At block  524 , the example event controller  220  forwards mobile device communication information (e.g., device ID, signal metrics, etc.) associated with the message and/or the mobile device  120 ( a ) to the example registration manager  260  of the example counter  160  of  FIG.  2   . 
     At block  526 , the example registration manager  260  updates the registration log  266  to include the received communication information from the event controller  220 . In some examples, the example program  600  of  FIG.  6    may be executed to implement the example update process of block  526 . Following the update at block  526 , control advances to block  510  where the mobile system controller  230  determines whether to continue monitoring for communication to or from the mobile device(s)  120  (block  510 ). If the base station is not to continue monitoring for communication from the mobile device(s)  120 , the program  500  ends. 
       FIG.  6    illustrates an example program  600 , which may be used to implement block  506  and/or block  526  of  FIG.  5   . The example program  600  of  FIG.  6    begins when the registration manager  260  receives communication information from the event controller  220  of  FIG.  2    and/or the mobile interface  210  of  FIG.  3   . At block  602 , the logger  262  determines whether a log entry (see  FIG.  4   ) corresponding to the mobile device  120 ( a ) exists in the registration log  266 . If the logger  262  determines that a log entry corresponding to the mobile device  120 ( a ) does not exist in the log at block  602 , control advances to block  604 . At block  604  of  FIG.  6   , the example logger  262  creates a new log entry (e.g., a log entry [ 0001 ] of  FIG.  4   ) for the mobile device  120 ( a ) and logs one or more of the device ID, a time of registration (from the timestamper  264 ), a signal strength measurement of the mobile device  120 ( a ) (e.g., received from the event controller  220  of  FIG.  2    and/or the mobile interface  210  of  FIG.  3   ), and/or direction/signal type (e.g., to/from the mobile device  120 ( a ), registration request type, acknowledgment type, etc.) of the communication. 
     Returning to block  602  of  FIG.  6   , if the logger  262  determines that a log entry corresponding to the mobile device  120 ( a ) does exist in the registration log  266  (e.g., because a previous registration request was received from the mobile device  120 ( a )), control advances to block  606 . At block  606 , the example logger  262  updates the time information of the most recent communication via the timestamper  264 . In some examples, at block  606 , the logger  262  updates the signal metrics in the corresponding log entry to reflect the signal metrics of the present communication (i.e., the most recent communication rather than the initial registration request) between the mobile device  120 ( a ) and the base station and/or counterfeit base station  110 . 
     Following block  604  or block  606  of  FIG.  6   , at block  608 , the logger  262  determines whether a communication timeout between the one or more of the mobile device(s)  120  has occurred. In the examples disclosed herein, a communication timeout occurs if a threshold period of time (e.g., 15 minutes, 1 hour, etc.) passes between communication events (e.g., registration signals, acknowledgement signals, etc.) occurring between the mobile device(s)  120  and the base station and/or counterfeit base station  110 . Accordingly, at block  608 , the logger  262  identifies the time of the most recent communication for each of the log entries  402  corresponding to the mobile device(s)  120 . Using information from the timer  280 , the logger  262  calculates a length of time since the last communication (i.e., current time−time of most recent communication=length of time since last communication), and if the length of time has exceeded a threshold period of time (e.g., 20 minutes, 30 minutes, etc.), the logger  262  determines that a communication timeout has occurred. If a communication timeout has not occurred, the program  600  ends. If the logger  262  determines that a communication timeout has occurred for one or more of the mobile device(s)  120  corresponding to one or more log entries  402  at block  608 , control advances to block  610 . At block  610 , the logger  262  outputs the data (e.g., the device ID, the time information, signal metrics, etc. of  FIG.  4   ) from the one or more corresponding log entries  402 . In some examples, the logger  262  outputs data representative of the number of communication timeouts (e.g., data indicating the number of log entries  402  that timed out). In some examples, the log entries  402  are cleared to maintain capacity for future log entries. 
       FIG.  7    is a block diagram of an example implementation of the media meter  FIG.  1   . The example media meter system  700  includes an example network  130  (which may be implemented by the network  130  of  FIG.  1   ) and an example data collection facility  140  (which may be implemented by the data collection facility  140  of  FIG.  4   ) and an example media meter  150 . The example media meter  150  of  FIG.  7    includes an example media detector  152  (which may be implemented by the media detector  152  of  FIG.  1   ), an example timestamper  722 , an example memory  724 , and an example output device  790 . The example timestamper  722  of the illustrated example may be synchronized with a timestamper (e.g., the timestamper  264  of  FIGS.  2  and/or  3   ) of the base station and/or the counterfeit base station  110 . 
     The example media meter system  700  of  FIG.  7    enables a user or an audience measurement entity (e.g. The Nielsen Company) to determine a number of people at a given location (e.g., a location corresponding to the base station and/or counterfeit base station  110 ) that are exposed to media detected by the media detector  152  using the base station and/or the counterfeit base station  110 . In the example of  FIG.  7   , the example media detector  152  detects presentation(s) of media in a media exposure environment (e.g., a home, a restaurant, etc.) as described above with respect to  FIG.  1   . The media detector  152  provides the detected media information to the timestamper  722 . The timestamper  722  timestamps the detected media information and submits the media information to the memory  724 . 
     Accordingly, the timestamped detected media information may be retrieved from the memory  724  via the network  130  and processed at the data collection facility  140 . The example data collection facility  140  of  FIG.  7    includes an example audience tracker  750 . The audience tracker  750  processes the retrieved media information. Based on timestamps of the retrieved media information, the audience tracker  750  of  FIG.  7    may determine a number (n) of mobile device(s)  120 , and thus a number of people, that were exposed to the media presentations associated with the media information. In some examples, the audience tracker  750  adjusts the determined number (n) based on a probability that the number (n) of mobile device(s)  120  accurately correspond to the same number of people (N) as detected mobile device(s)  120 . For example, using demographics for an expected audience, the number (n) may be adjusted (e.g., by adding, by subtracting, by multiplying, by dividing, etc.) by a probability factor corresponding to the demographics of the expected audience. In some examples, the audience tracker  750  determines granular identity information of the people exposed to the media presentation by accessing a table of demographic information of users (e.g., participating panelists) based on identifiers corresponding to the mobile device(s)  120 . 
     While an example manner of implementing the media meter  150  is illustrated in  FIG.  7   , one or more of the elements, processes and/or devices illustrated in  FIG.  7    may be combined, divided, re-arranged, omitted, eliminated and/or implemented in any other way. Further, the example media detector  152 , the example timestamper  722 , the example memory  724 , the example output device  790  and/or, more generally, the example media meter  150  of  FIG.  7    may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware and/or any combination of hardware, software and/or firmware. Thus, for example, any of the example media detector  152 , the example timestamper  722 , the example memory  724 , the example output device  790  and/or, more generally, the example media meter  150  could be implemented by one or more circuit(s), programmable processor(s), application specific integrated circuit(s) (ASIC(s)), programmable logic device(s) (PLD(s)) and/or field programmable logic device(s) (FPLD(s)), etc. When reading any of the apparatus or system claims of this patent to cover a purely software and/or firmware implementation, at least one of the example media detector  152 , the example timestamper  722 , the example memory  724 , the example output device  790 , and/or the example media meter  150  are hereby expressly defined to include a tangible computer readable storage device or storage disc such as a memory, DVD, CD, Blu-ray, etc. storing the software and/or firmware. Further still, the example media meter  150  of  FIG.  7    may include one or more elements, processes and/or devices in addition to, or instead of, those illustrated in  FIG.  7   , and/or may include more than one of any or all of the illustrated elements, processes and devices. 
     A flowchart representative of example machine readable instructions for implementing the media meter  150  of  FIG.  7    is shown in  FIG.  8   . In this example, the machine readable instructions comprise a program for execution by a processor such as the processor  912  shown in the example processor platform  900  discussed below in connection with  FIG.  9   . The program may be embodied in software stored on a tangible computer readable storage medium such as a CD-ROM, a floppy disk, a hard drive, a digital versatile disk (DVD), a Blu-ray disk, or a memory associated with the processor  912 , but the entire program and/or parts thereof could alternatively be executed by a device other than the processor  912  and/or embodied in firmware or dedicated hardware. Further, although the example program is described with reference to the flowchart illustrated in  FIG.  8   , many other methods of implementing the example media meter  150  may alternatively be used. For example, the order of execution of the blocks may be changed, and/or some of the blocks described may be changed, eliminated, or combined. 
     The program  800  of  FIG.  8    begins with an initiation of the example media meter  150  of  FIG.  7    to detect media. At block  802 , the example media detector  152  of  FIG.  7    detects media being presented (e.g., by collecting watermarks, codes, generating signatures, etc.). At block  804 , the example timestamper  722  timestamps media identification data corresponding to the detected media. 
     At block  806 , the timestamped media is output to the central data facility for processing. For example, at the central data facility  140 , the timestamped media identification information may be used with people identifying information generated and/or received from a registration manager  250  of the base station and/or the counterfeit base station  110  of  FIGS.  2  and/or  3   . Accordingly, using the timestamped media identification data and the people meter data from the base station and/or the counterfeit base station  110  information, an audience measurement for the detected media may be calculated. For example, knowing the time period that media was detected by the media detector  152  (at block  802 ) and the number (n) of mobile devices (e.g., the mobile devices  120  of  FIG.  1   ) in communication with the base station and/or the counterfeit base station  110  during the corresponding time period enables a user or system to calculate and/or estimated size of an audience for the detected media. 
     The example processes of  FIGS.  5 ,  6   , and/or  8  may be implemented using coded instructions (e.g., computer and/or machine readable instructions) stored on a tangible computer readable storage medium such as a hard disk drive, a flash memory, a read-only memory (ROM), a compact disk (CD), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a cache, a random-access memory (RAM) and/or any other storage device or storage disk in which information is stored for any duration (e.g., for extended time periods, permanently, for brief instances, for temporarily buffering, and/or for caching of the information). As used herein, the term tangible computer readable storage medium is expressly defined to include any type of computer readable storage device and/or storage disk and to exclude propagating signals. As used herein, “tangible computer readable storage medium” and “tangible machine readable storage medium” are used interchangeably. Additionally or alternatively, the example processes of  FIGS.  5 ,  6   , and/or  8  may be implemented using coded instructions (e.g., computer and/or machine readable instructions) stored on a non-transitory computer and/or machine readable medium such as a hard disk drive, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a cache, a random-access memory and/or any other storage device or storage disk in which information is stored for any duration (e.g., for extended time periods, permanently, for brief instances, for temporarily buffering, and/or for caching of the information). As used herein, the term non-transitory computer readable medium is expressly defined to include any type of computer readable device or disc and to exclude propagating signals. As used herein, when the phrase “at least” is used as the transition term in a preamble of a claim, it is open-ended in the same manner as the term “comprising” is open ended. 
       FIG.  9    is a block diagram of an example processor platform  900  capable of executing the instructions of  FIGS.  5  and/or  6    to implement the base station and/or the counterfeit base station  110  of  FIGS.  1 ,  2   , and/or  3 , and/or capable of executing the instructions of  FIG.  8    to implement the media meter  150  of  FIG.  7   . The processor platform  900  can be, for example, a server, a personal computer, a cellular device, a base station device, a router, a wireless access point, a femtocell, a microcell and/or any other type of computing device. 
     The processor platform  900  of the illustrated example includes a processor  912 . The processor  912  of the illustrated example is hardware. For example, the processor  912  can be implemented by one or more integrated circuits, logic circuits, microprocessors or controllers from any desired family or manufacturer. 
     The processor  912  of the illustrated example includes a local memory  913  (e.g., a cache). The processor  912  of the illustrated example is in communication with a main memory including a volatile memory  914  and a non-volatile memory  916  via a bus  918 . The volatile memory  914  may be implemented by Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), RAMBUS Dynamic Random Access Memory (RDRAM) and/or any other type of random access memory device. The non-volatile memory  916  may be implemented by flash memory and/or any other desired type of memory device. Access to the main memory  914 ,  916  is controlled by a memory controller. 
     The processor platform  900  of the illustrated example also includes an interface circuit  920 . The interface circuit  920  may be implemented by any type of interface standard, such as an Ethernet interface, a universal serial bus (USB), and/or a PCI express interface. 
     In the illustrated example, one or more input devices  922  are connected to the interface circuit  920 . The input device(s)  922  permit a user to enter data and commands into the processor  912 . The input device(s) can be implemented by, for example, an audio sensor, a microphone, a camera (still or video), a keyboard, a button, a mouse, a touchscreen, a track-pad, a trackball, isopoint and/or a voice recognition system. 
     One or more output devices  924  are also connected to the interface circuit  920  of the illustrated example. The output devices  1024  can be implemented, for example, by display devices (e.g., a light emitting diode (LED), an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a liquid crystal display, a cathode ray tube display (CRT), a touchscreen, a tactile output device, a light emitting diode (LED), a printer and/or speakers). The interface circuit  920  of the illustrated example, thus, typically includes a graphics driver card. 
     The interface circuit  920  of the illustrated example also includes a communication device such as a transmitter, a receiver, a transceiver, a modem and/or network interface card to facilitate exchange of data with external machines (e.g., computing devices of any kind) via a network  926  (e.g., an Ethernet connection, a digital subscriber line (DSL), a telephone line, coaxial cable, a cellular telephone system, etc.). 
     The processor platform  900  of the illustrated example also includes one or more mass storage devices  928  for storing software and/or data. Examples of such mass storage devices  928  include floppy disk drives, hard drive disks, compact disk drives, Blu-ray disk drives, RAID systems, and digital versatile disk (DVD) drives. 
     The coded instructions  932  of  FIGS.  5 ,  6   , and/or  8  may be stored in the mass storage device  928 , in the volatile memory  914 , in the non-volatile memory  916 , and/or on a removable tangible computer readable storage medium such as a CD or DVD. 
     Example methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture have been disclosed to identify a number of people at a location (and/or exposed to a media presentation) based on a number of mobile devices in communication with a base station (e.g., a femtocell, a microcell, a router, etc.) or a counterfeit base station. The identified number of people may be used in conjunction with a media detector for audience measurement of a media presentation. Thus, above examples may be used to effectively convert a base station for cellular and/or wireless communication into a people meter. Although many of the above examples relate to audience measurement, other uses and/or applications of the disclosed technology are possible. For example, the above disclosed technique may be useful for crowd control by identifying a number of persons in an area, for police or other security work by identifying specific individuals in an area, etc. 
     Although certain example methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture have been described herein, the scope of coverage of this patent is not limited thereto. On the contrary, this patent covers all methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture fairly falling within the scope of the claims of this patent.