Patent Publication Number: US-10318722-B2

Title: Power charger authorization for a user equipment via a cryptographic handshake

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This Application is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 15/338,873 and U.S. application Ser. No. 15/338,881, each filed on even date as the present Application. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates in general to computing systems, and more particularly to, various embodiments for using power charge management authorization for a user equipment (UE) by a cryptographic handshake by a processor. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     In today&#39;s society, consumers, businesspersons, educators, and others communicate over a wide variety of mediums in real time, across great distances, and many times without boundaries or borders. The advent of computers and networking technologies have made possible the intercommunication of people from one side of the world to the other. Some electronic devices are specifically designed for portability and on-the-go use, including, for example, a mobile phone (such as a smart phone), a laptop, a portable music player or an MP3 player, a tablet, a portable gaming unit, a camera, and the like. The portability of these electronic devices are subject to increasing risks of being lost, stolen, or misplaced. However, each of these devices requires frequent recharging. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Various embodiments for using power charge management authorization for a user equipment (UE) by a processor, are provided. In one embodiment, by way of example only, a method for using power charge management authorization with secured charging stations, again by a processor, is provided. A power charging session may be authorized by firmware of the UE for charging the UE using a cryptographic handshake between the UE and a power charging station. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In order that the advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments that are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram depicting an exemplary cloud computing node according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is an additional block diagram depicting an exemplary cloud computing environment according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  is an additional block diagram depicting abstraction model layers according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  is an additional block diagram depicting an exemplary functional relationship between various aspects of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  is an additional block diagram depicting an exemplary functional relationship between various aspects of the present invention; 
         FIG. 6  is an additional flowchart diagram depicting an additional exemplary method for physical token based secured charge management of a user equipment (UE) in which various aspects of the present invention may be realized; 
         FIG. 7  is an additional flowchart diagram depicting an additional exemplary method for using power charge management authorization for a user equipment (UE) with secured power charging stations, again in which various aspects of the present invention may be realized; and 
         FIG. 8  is an additional flowchart diagram depicting an additional exemplary method for using location defined power charge management authorization for a user equipment (UE), again in which various aspects of the present invention may be realized. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The prolific increase in the use of electronic devices such as, for example, mobile phones (such as a smart phone), a laptop, a portable music player or an MP3 player, a tablet, a portable gaming unit, a camera (herein referred to individually and/or collectively as “User Equipment” or “UE”) increases the chance of a UE becoming lost, misplaced, or stolen. For example, a user may become distracted and forget their UE in public locations, such as airports, taxis, trains, hotels, shopping malls, etc. Potential thieves capitalize on a user&#39;s misfortune and may steal personal electronic computing or communications devices. Many times these personal electronic computing or communications devices contain private or proprietary information stored therein, for which, it becomes self-evident to protect the private or proprietary information from potential thieves or hackers. 
     In one aspect, combating theft, data leaks, or hacking of the personal electronic computing or communications devices may include device encryption and data backup to reduce the risk of data leaks and to facilitate the purchase and setup of replacement devices. Some manufacturers of electronic computing or communications devices have a vested interest in this “theft ecosystem” as it actually drives additional sales. To this end, some laws have been enacted to require communication service providers to block reported stolen devices from accessing their respective communication networks. However, these attempts fall short in completely addressing the issue as most of these stolen devices can be still be operated in Wi-Fi only mode. Also, blocking a stolen UE from a communication network may be ineffective in many developing countries. 
     Accordingly, the present invention provides a solution to enable a user (e.g., an authorized user, owner of the UE, or administrator of the UE) of the UE to associate “authorized” power supply charging devices (e.g., a battery charger) with the UE, such that a stolen UE is unable to be charged to capacity equal to or greater than a specific threshold on non-authorized chargers (e.g., limp mode which may be an emergency operating mode), thus reducing the value and usefulness of the stolen or lost device. 
     In one embodiment, by way of example only, the present invention provides for using physical token based secured charge management of a user equipment (UE) by a processor. A power charging session is authorized by firmware of the UE for charging the UE upon detecting one or more physical authentication tokens within a selected area of a power charging source, on the power charging source itself, or a combination thereof. 
     A unique identifier may be affixed (temporarily and/or permanently) to one or more power charging supplies. The unique identifier may be a near field communication (NFC) identity, such as a NFC sticker. These NFC “stickers” may be secured to the selected area of a power charging source, on the power charging source itself, or combination thereof. Alternatively, the unique identifiers may include one or more quick response (QR) codes, a Bluetooth serial number token, a “1-wire” communication device (e.g., a Dallas (maxim) semi “1-wire” serial number token), a bar code, or combination thereof. The unique identification stickers can be applied by the end user to a charger associated with the UE, and/or may be placed substantially next the power supply charger or within a selected and defined region where the power supply charger (“charger”) may be located, such as in a car, home, or office next to an outlet where the charger is plugged in. For example, the unique identification stickers can be placed within one or two feet of an outlet or on the outlet itself where the power supply charger may be located. 
     In one aspect, a monitoring application and firmware based monitoring applications on the UE may be used to artificially limit the UE to charging no more than a specific power charging threshold (e.g., no more than 10% charging) without being introduced to an authorized charger. The artificial limit may be an emergency operation mode or “limp mode” allowing the UE to be charged to the defined, power charging threshold for limited purposes, such as for dialing emergency responders. For example, a predetermined power charging threshold may be set as a numerical value. The firmware of the UE would limit the charging capability to the defined power charging threshold unless “unlocked” by a monitoring application component associated with the firmware. That is, in limp mode, when a charge level is reached the device will stop drawing power from the charger preventing a thief from just leaving the device plugged into a charger all the time. 
     Furthermore, a user may be required to perform a multi factor authentication operation to introduce the identification token to the monitoring application as “authorized” and then apply the identification token to the charger of the UE. To initiate an authorized charging session, the end user introduces the UE to the identification token, which then permits full charging for this charge session. Once the UE completes charging or is unplugged for more than a specified amount of time (e.g. 5 minutes), a re-authorization operation may be required to start charging again. 
     As an added form of UE protection from thieves or unauthorized or unintended users, the unique identification tokens may be required for presentation or detection by the UE for “re-authorization” at periodic intervals (e.g., every 3 months), such as, for example, in circumstances where an authorized identification token and/or authorized power supply charger has been stolen along with the UE. 
     Various embodiments further provide for associating UE with one or more authorized charging locations. In this way, a stolen UE is prevented from receiving a complete power charge. The UE may be restricted to a limited, unauthorized power charge (e.g., a limp mode) and thus cannot be charged more than a specific threshold at unauthorized locations thereby reducing the value and usefulness of the stolen or lost device. One or more geolocation locations or coordinates may be used to accurately obtain the current location of the UE to determine whether the UE is located within either an authorized charging location or an unauthorized charging location. For example, one or more Wi-Fi access point locations, internet protocol (IP) address geolocations, as well as satellite-based technologies such as global positioning satellite (GPS), Galileo navigation satellite system, Beidou navigation satellite system, and global orbiting navigation satellite system (GLONASS), or a combination thereof. 
     In one aspect, a geofencing operation may be performed that involves determining a specific amount of distance from a determined point that may be considered to be “safe” and within that location. Geofences can be relatively small when confined to a specific location, such as a house or an apartment, as Wi-Fi networks are able to also factor into the location information. In case of larger buildings or areas, a larger geofence may be required to ensure correct readings of the location. Thus, the present invention may use geofencing operations to dynamically size the geographical boundaries based on the accuracy of location information. 
     A power charging session may be authorized by firmware of the UE for charging the UE upon detecting the UE is within an authorized geographic location. The UE may artificially limit the UE to charge a battery of the UE up to no more than a specific threshold (example 10%) without the UE being within one of the pre-specified geofence locations. The firmware component of the UE may limit the charging capability unless “unlocked” by a management application. The authorized, end user may be required to perform a multi factor authentication to identify geolocations in which the user desires to authorize charging. For example, one user may specify the entire boundaries of cities “Tucson, Ariz.” and “Tel Aviv, Israel” as pre-specified geofence locations, while other users may specific the user&#39;s home, work, and/or university as permitted. 
     Turning now to an additional embodiment, as described herein, a power supply charging session may be authorized by an application and firmware of the UE for charging the UE by using a cryptographic handshake between the UE and a power supply charging station. The UE may artificially limit the UE to charge a battery of the UE up to no more than a specific threshold (example 10%) without the UE being attached to an approved/authorized power supply charger. The firmware component of the UE may limit the charging capability unless “unlocked” by a management application. In this way, the present invention provides increased security in that the end user (e.g., owner of the UE) of the UE specifically authorizes a power supply charger as authorized/permitted and refuses a complete power supply charge session to charge the UE from unapproved chargers (e.g., third party chargers). The process of authorizing a power supply charger may include a multi factor authentication operation, such as providing biometric data and a dedicated password, a challenge and response type operation, or a combination thereof. For added protection, optional chargers may require “re-authorization” at periodic intervals, in cases where an authorized charger was also stolen along with the smart device. 
     As an added form of UE protection from thieves or unauthorized or unintended users, the authorized power supply chargers are required to perform a “re-authorization” at periodic intervals (e.g., every 3 months), such as, for example, in circumstances where an authorized power supply charger has been stolen along with the UE. 
     It should be noted that as described herein, each of the various power supply charger authentication operations may be performed in conjunction with other charging authorization concepts as described herein. 
     Other examples of various aspects of the illustrated embodiments, and corresponding benefits, will be described further herein. 
     It is understood in advance that although this disclosure includes a detailed description on cloud computing, implementation of the teachings recited herein are not limited to a cloud computing environment. Rather, embodiments of the present invention are capable of being implemented in conjunction with any other type of computing environment now known or later developed. 
     Cloud computing is a model of service delivery for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g. networks, network bandwidth, servers, processing, memory, storage, applications, virtual machines, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or interaction with a provider of the service. This cloud model may include at least five characteristics, at least three service models, and at least four deployment models. 
     Characteristics are as follows: 
     On-demand self-service: a cloud consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with the service&#39;s provider. 
     Broad network access: capabilities are available over a network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs). 
     Resource pooling: the provider&#39;s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to demand. There is a sense of location independence in that the consumer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter). 
     Rapid elasticity: capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time. 
     Measured service: cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service. 
     Service Models are as follows: 
     Software as a Service (SaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider&#39;s applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser (e.g., web-based e-mail). The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings. 
     Platform as a Service (PaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including networks, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application hosting environment configurations. 
     Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls). 
     Deployment Models are as follows: 
     Private cloud: the cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party and may exist on-premises or off-premises. 
     Community cloud: the cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on-premises or off-premises. 
     Public cloud: the cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services. 
     Hybrid cloud: the cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load-balancing between clouds). 
     A cloud computing environment is service oriented with a focus on statelessness, low coupling, modularity, and semantic interoperability. At the heart of cloud computing is an infrastructure comprising a network of interconnected nodes. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 1 , a schematic of an example of a cloud computing node is shown. Cloud computing node  10  is only one example of a suitable cloud computing node and is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality of embodiments of the invention described herein. Regardless, cloud computing node  10  is capable of being implemented and/or performing any of the functionality set forth hereinabove. 
     In cloud computing node  10  there is a computer system/server  12 , which is operational with numerous other general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. Examples of well-known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use with computer system/server  12  include, but are not limited to, personal computer systems, server computer systems, thin clients, thick clients, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputer systems, mainframe computer systems, and distributed cloud computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like. 
     Computer system/server  12  may be described in the general context of computer system-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer system. Generally, program modules may include routines, programs, objects, components, logic, data structures, and so on that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Computer system/server  12  may be practiced in distributed cloud computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed cloud computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer system storage media including memory storage devices. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , computer system/server  12  in cloud computing node  10  is shown in the form of a general-purpose computing device. The components of computer system/server  12  may include, but are not limited to, one or more processors or processing units  16 , a system memory  28 , and a bus  18  that couples various system components including system memory  28  to processor  16 . 
     Bus  18  represents one or more of any of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. By way of example, and not limitation, such architectures include Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, and Peripheral Component Interconnects (PCI) bus. 
     Computer system/server  12  typically includes a variety of computer system readable media. Such media may be any available media that is accessible by computer system/server  12 , and it includes both volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media. 
     System memory  28  can include computer system readable media in the form of volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM)  30  and/or cache memory  32 . Computer system/server  12  may further include other removable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer system storage media. By way of example only, storage system  34  can be provided for reading from and writing to a non-removable, non-volatile magnetic media (not shown and typically called a “hard drive”). Although not shown, a magnetic disk drive for reading from and writing to a removable, non-volatile magnetic disk (e.g., a “floppy disk”), and an optical disk drive for reading from or writing to a removable, non-volatile optical disk such as a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM or other optical media can be provided. In such instances, each can be connected to bus  18  by one or more data media interfaces. As will be further depicted and described below, system memory  28  may include at least one program product having a set (e.g., at least one) of program modules that are configured to carry out the functions of embodiments of the invention. 
     Program/utility  40 , having a set (at least one) of program modules  42 , may be stored in system memory  28  by way of example, and not limitation, as well as an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data. Each of the operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data or some combination thereof, may include an implementation of a networking environment. Program modules  42  generally carry out the functions and/or methodologies of embodiments of the invention as described herein. 
     Computer system/server  12  may also communicate with one or more external devices  14  such as a keyboard, a pointing device, a display  24 , etc.; one or more devices that enable a user to interact with computer system/server  12 ; and/or any devices (e.g., network card, modem, etc.) that enable computer system/server  12  to communicate with one or more other computing devices. Such communication can occur via Input/Output (I/O) interfaces  22 . Still yet, computer system/server  12  can communicate with one or more networks such as a local area network (LAN), a general wide area network (WAN), and/or a public network (e.g., the Internet) via network adapter  20 . As depicted, network adapter  20  communicates with the other components of computer system/server  12  via bus  18 . It should be understood that although not shown, other hardware and/or software components could be used in conjunction with computer system/server  12 . Examples, include, but are not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data archival storage systems, etc. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2 , illustrative cloud computing environment  50  is depicted. As shown, cloud computing environment  50  comprises one or more cloud computing nodes  10  with which local computing devices used by cloud consumers, such as, for example, personal digital assistant (PDA) or cellular telephone  54 A, desktop computer  54 B, laptop computer  54 C, and/or automobile computer system  54 N may communicate. Nodes  10  may communicate with one another. They may be grouped (not shown) physically or virtually, in one or more networks, such as Private, Community, Public, or Hybrid clouds as described hereinabove, or a combination thereof. This allows cloud computing environment  50  to offer infrastructure, platforms and/or software as services for which a cloud consumer does not need to maintain resources on a local computing device. It is understood that the types of computing devices  54 A-N shown in  FIG. 2  are intended to be illustrative only and that computing nodes  10  and cloud computing environment  50  can communicate with any type of computerized device over any type of network and/or network addressable connection (e.g., using a web browser). 
     Referring now to  FIG. 3 , a set of functional abstraction layers provided by cloud computing environment  50  ( FIG. 2 ) is shown. It should be understood in advance that the components, layers, and functions shown in  FIG. 3  are intended to be illustrative only and embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto. As depicted, the following layers and corresponding functions are provided: 
     Device layer  55  includes physical and/or virtual devices, embedded with and/or standalone electronics, sensors, actuators, and other objects to perform various tasks in a cloud computing environment  50 . Each of the devices in the device layer  55  incorporates networking capability to other functional abstraction layers such that information obtained from the devices may be provided thereto, and/or information from the other abstraction layers may be provided to the devices. In one embodiment, the various devices inclusive of the device layer  55  may incorporate a network of entities collectively known as the “internet of things” (IoT). Such a network of entities allows for intercommunication, collection, and dissemination of data to accomplish a great variety of purposes, as one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate. 
     Device layer  55  as shown includes sensor  52 , actuator  53 , “learning” thermostat  56  with integrated processing, sensor, and networking electronics, camera  57 , controllable household outlet/receptacle  58 , and controllable electrical switch  59  as shown. Other possible devices may include, but are not limited to various additional sensor devices, networking devices, electronics devices (such as a remote control device), additional actuator devices, so called “smart” appliances such as a refrigerator or washer/dryer, and a wide variety of other possible interconnected objects. 
     Hardware and software layer  60  includes hardware and software components. Examples of hardware components include: mainframes  61 ; RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture based servers  62 ; servers  63 ; blade servers  64 ; storage devices  65 ; and networks and networking components  66 . In some embodiments, software components include network application server software  67  and database software  68 . 
     Virtualization layer  70  provides an abstraction layer from which the following examples of virtual entities may be provided: virtual servers  71 ; virtual storage  72 ; virtual networks  73 , including virtual private networks; virtual applications and operating systems  74 ; and virtual clients  75 . 
     In one example, management layer  80  may provide the functions described below. Resource provisioning  81  provides dynamic procurement of computing resources and other resources that are utilized to perform tasks within the cloud computing environment. Metering and Pricing  82  provides cost tracking as resources are utilized within the cloud computing environment, and billing or invoicing for consumption of these resources. In one example, these resources may comprise application software licenses. Security provides identity verification for cloud consumers and tasks, as well as protection for data and other resources. User portal  83  provides access to the cloud computing environment for consumers and system administrators. Service level management  84  provides cloud computing resource allocation and management such that required service levels are met. Service Level Agreement (SLA) planning and fulfillment  85  provides pre-arrangement for, and procurement of, cloud computing resources for which a future requirement is anticipated in accordance with an SLA. 
     Workloads layer  90  provides examples of functionality for which the cloud computing environment may be utilized. Examples of workloads and functions which may be provided from this layer include: mapping and navigation  91 ; software development and lifecycle management  92 ; virtual classroom education delivery  93 ; data analytics processing  94 ; transaction processing  95 ; and, in the context of the illustrated embodiments of the present invention, various power supply charger management workloads and functions  96 . In addition, power supply charger management workloads and functions  96  may include such operations as data analytics, data analysis, and as will be further described, notification functionality. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the power supply charger management workloads and functions  96  may also work in conjunction with other portions of the various abstractions layers, such as those in hardware and software  60 , virtualization  70 , management  80 , and other workloads  90  (such as data analytics processing  94 , for example) to accomplish the various purposes of the illustrated embodiments of the present invention. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 4 , a block diagram  400  depicting exemplary functional components  400  according to various mechanisms of the illustrated embodiments, is shown. As will be seen, many of the functional blocks may also be considered “modules” of functionality, in the same descriptive sense as has been previously described in  FIGS. 1-3 . With the foregoing in mind, the module blocks  400  may also be incorporated into various hardware and software components of a system for holographic image notification in accordance with the present invention. Many of the functional blocks  400  may execute as background processes on various components, either in distributed computing components, or on the user device, or elsewhere. Computer system/server  12  (“computer device” which may be a UE such as a smart phone) of  FIG. 1  is again shown, incorporating processing unit  16  and memory  28  to perform various computational, data processing and other functionality in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The computer device  12  may include a power (supply) charge management service  402  installed thereon. The power charge management service  402  may include an authorization module  410 , authorization list module  420 , a physical token module  430 , a cryptographic token module  440 , and/or an authorized location module  450 , each of which may be in communication with and/or controlled by processor  16  with access to memory  28 . 
     By way of example only, the computer device  12  may also include a power supply input  468  for receiving and/or connecting to one or more power supplies, such as a battery, a battery charger, and/or a power supply connection device for connecting to an external battery or power supply source. In one aspect, the computing device  12  may connect with one or more power supply charging sources, such as power charging source  470 . The connection may be via a wireless communication link  475  and/or charger device  480  (e.g., a power cable, wire or connection cable) and connection device  482  (which connects to power supply input  468 ). 
     The computer device  12  may also include a camera device  460  (or camera module for controlling the camera  460 ) and a biometric detection device  464 , for detecting one or more various types of biometric data, such as a fingerprint  466 . In one aspect, the computer system/server  12  may be a server, computer, smart phone, laptop, tablet, portable television, smart phone, and/or any other computing device having a display such as a graphical user interface (GUI) on a two-dimensional touch screen, and a power charging supply source (e.g., a battery or battery charger). 
     As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, the depiction of the various functional units in computer system/server  12  (e.g., a mobile device) is for purposes of illustration, as the functional units may be located within computer system/server  12  or elsewhere within and/or between distributed computing components. 
     In one aspect, the authorization module  410  may authorize a power charging session by firmware of the computer device  12  for charging the computer device  12  upon detecting, by the physical token module  430 , one or more physical authentication tokens  472 , such as a NFC sticker, within a selected area of a power charging source  470  or on the power charging source  470  itself, or a combination thereof. The one or more physical authentication tokens may be a near field communication (NFC) sticker, a quick response (QR) code, barcode, or combination thereof. 
     The authorization list module  420  may add the one or more physical authentication tokens to an approved list of authorized physical authentication tokens at the computer device  12 . A unique password or biometric data, such as a retinal scan of a user&#39;s retina performed by the camera  460  or fingerprint  466  captured via the biometric device  464 , may be received and/or entered into an application of the UE for adding the one or more physical authentication tokens to the approved list of authorized physical authentication tokens. A database (not depicted for illustrative convenience), associated with the computer device  12 , may be synchronized with the one or more physical authentication tokens  472  and added to the approved list of authorized physical authentication tokens via the authorization list module  420 . The approved list of authorized physical authentication tokens may be encrypted. 
     In one aspect, the one or more physical authentication tokens may be wirelessly detected by the authorization module  410  or communicated to the computer device  12  (e.g., authorization module  410 ) via a wireless communication link  475  to commence authorizing the power charging session. A re-authorization of a subsequent power charging session may be required by firmware of the computer device  12  to charge the computer device  12  upon detecting a termination or disconnection of the power charging session by the authorization module  410 . The authorization module  410  may allow an unauthorized charging session, prior to the authorizing, to charge the computer device  12  up to a pre-authorized charging limit, such as up to a 10% charged capacity. 
     In one aspect, the authorization module  410  may authorize a power charging session by firmware of the computer device  12  for charging the computer device  12  using a cryptographic handshake between the computer device  12  and a power charging source  470 . 
     Furthermore, the authorization module  410 , in conjunction with the cryptographic token module  440 , may authorize a power charging session by firmware of the computer device  12  for charging the computer device  12  using a cryptographic handshake between the computer device  12  and the power charging source  470 . In one aspect, the authorization module  410  performs the cryptographic handshake with the power charging source  470  by connecting to the charger device  480  (e.g., a power cable, wire or connection cable) and the connection device  482  of the power charging source  470 . Alternatively, the authorization module  410  performs the cryptographic handshake with the power charging source  470  using a wireless communication link  475 , such as, for example, a personal area network (PAN) wireless communication link. 
     The computer device  12 , using the cryptographic token module  440 , may query the power charging source  470 , which may be a power charging station, for a cryptographic identification token. The power charging source  470  may be added to the authorization list module  420 , which may be an approved list of authorized power charging stations for the computer device  12 . The authorization module  410  may require a user to enter a unique password (e.g., a password or identification that is not identical to a locking/unlocking password used to initially access or lock the computer device  12 ) for adding the power charging source  470  to the authorization list module  420 . The authorization module  410  may validate the power charging source  470  according to the authorization list module  420  (e.g., approved list of authorized power charging stations) stored in a database (not depicted for illustrative convenience) associated with the computer device  12 . The authorization module  410  may also require a re-authorization of a subsequent power charging session by firmware of the computer device  12  for charging the computer device  12  upon detecting a termination or disconnection of the authorized power charging session. The computer device  12  may enter a limp mode whereby the authorization module  410  may allow an unauthorized charging session, prior to the authorizing, to charge the computer device  12  up to a pre-authorized charging limit. 
     In an alternative aspect, the authorization module  410  may also authorize a power charging session by firmware of the computer device  12  for charging the computer device  12  upon detecting, by the authorized location module  450 , the computer device  12  is within an authorized geographic location, which may be defined by an authorized user or administrator of the computer device  12 . The authorized geographic location may be defined by an authorized user or administrator of the computer device  12  and may be stored in an approved list of authorized geographic locations by the authorization list module  420 . The approved list of authorized geographic locations may be stored in a database associated with the computer device  12  and may be accordingly synchronized upon the authorized geographic locations being defined. 
     It should be noted that computer device  12  may be a wireless device, such as a mobile station (MS), a mobile wireless device, a mobile communication device, a tablet, a handset, or other type of wireless device. In one aspect, the wireless device can include at least one of an antenna, a touch sensitive display screen, a speaker, a microphone, a graphics processor, a baseband processor, an application processor, internal memory, a non-volatile memory port, and combinations thereof. 
     The wireless device can include one or more antennas configured to communicate with a node or transmission station, such as a base station (BS), an evolved Node B (eNB), a baseband unit (BBU), a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio equipment (RRE), a relay station (RS), a radio equipment (RE), a remote radio unit (RRU), a central processing module (CPM), or other type of wireless wide area network (WWAN) access point. The wireless device can be configured to communicate using at least one wireless communication standard including a third generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE), Wi-Fi/Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) networks, High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi. The wireless device can communicate using separate antennas for each wireless communication standard or shared antennas for multiple wireless communication standards. The wireless device can communicate in a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN), and/or a WWAN. The mobile device can include a storage medium. In one aspect, the storage medium can be associated with and/or communicate with the application processor, the graphics processor, the display, the non-volatile memory port, and/or internal memory. In one aspect, the application processor and graphics processor are storage mediums. 
     In view of the method  400  of  FIG. 4 , consider, as an illustration of exemplary functional blocks to accomplish the authorized location for location defined power charging management, as depicted in  FIG. 5 . Each of the functional blocks  500  may be implemented in hardware and/or software, such as by the computer/server  12  ( FIGS. 1 and 4 ), and/or the workloads layer  90  ( FIG. 3 ). For example, camera  510  and power supply input  520  may be similar to and/or identical to camera  460  and power supply input  468  of  FIG. 4 . In other words, each of the modules, devices, services, and/or functions described in  FIGS. 1-3  may be implemented and used in  FIG. 5 . 
     In view of the foregoing blocks of functionality  500 , the following specific examples of functionality may be implemented. By way of example only,  FIG. 5  depicts one or more regions, which may be of various shapes, sizes, and/or dimensions, such as region  1 , region  2 , and region  3 . For example, the regions may be a home, building, group of buildings, sections of a city, an entire city, geographical region, country, and/or a combination thereof. An authorized user of the computer device  12  may define one or more regions, such as region  2 , as an authorized geographic location. If a region, such as regions  1  and  3 , are not specifically authorized and/or defined, by default, the regions may be categorized and labeled as unauthorized. An image may be displayed in the computer device  12  representing a power supply charger, such as power supply chargers  520 ,  522 , or  524 . It should be noted that power supply chargers  520 ,  522 , or  524  may be the same power supply charger or different power supply chargers. 
     Consider now the following example of the computer device  12  moving from one region to another, such as moving from region  1  to region  2  and then to region  3 . For illustrative purposes, it may be assumed that an authorized user of the computer device  12  defined and indicated that region  2  is an authorized location for permitting a full power charge operation to charge the computer device  12 . Starting in region  1  (defined as unauthorized which may be a default setting), the computer device  12  may restrict the authorization of the power charging session for charging the computer device  12  upon detecting the computer device  12  is outside the authorized geographic location. 
     A notification is displayed indicating the computer device  12  is in the unauthorized region. For example, the computer device  12  may receive a notice (communication message) from a wireless communication network and/or may internally generate the notification, such as, for example “You have now entered into an unauthorized region. You are restricted to a limited power charge”. An image of one or more unauthorized power supply chargers, such as power supply charger  520 , may be displayed in the computer device  12 . 
     Thus, the computer device  12  may be restricted from a power supply session which charges and supplies power to the computer device  12 . That is the power supply source  520 , which may be a battery charger owned by the authorized user or other compatible power supply source with the computer device  12 , is restricted from supplying a power charge to the computer device. 
     Assume now the computer device  12  relocates from region  1  to region  2 . Upon entering region  2 , region  2  is verified and validated as an authorized geographic location from an approved list of authorized geographic locations for authorizing the power charging session. A power supply charger  522 , which may be a battery charger owned by the authorized user or other compatible power supply source with the computer device  12 , is permitted and granted authority for supplying a power charge to the computer device  12 . A notification is displayed indicating the computer device  12  is in the authorized region. For example, the computer device  12  may receive a notice (communication message) from a wireless communication network and/or may internally generate the notification, such as, for example “You have now entered into an authorized region. A full power charge session is now available”. An image of the authorized power supply charger, such as power supply charger  522 , may be displayed in the computer device  12 . 
     If at any point in time while the computer device  12  is located within the authorized region, such as region  2 , and the initial, authorized power charging session for charging the computer device  12  is terminated or disconnected, the computer device  12  may require a re-authorization of a subsequent power charging session by firmware of the computer device  12  for charging the computer device  12 . It should also be noted that the authorized region, such as region  2 , may also be limited in time. For example, a region, such as region  2 , may be designated as an authorized location during a selected time period window, such as for example Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. until 5:00 p.m. During time periods outside the selected time period window, the region, such as region  2 , may be determined to be unauthorized upon expiration of the selected time period window. 
     Continuing with the example, assume now computer device  12  now travels out of the authorized region, such as region  2 , into another unauthorized region, such as region  3 . It should be noted, however, if during an active, authorized power session where the computer device  12  is being charged by a power source, such as power supply charger  522 , the computer device  12  moves from an authorized region to an unauthorized region, the active, authorized power session may continue. However, a notification may be issued to alert the user of the computer device of the restricted area. 
     However, if the active, authorized power session has terminated prior to the computer device  12  traveling out of the authorized region, such as region  2 , into another unauthorized region, such as region  3 , any subsequent attempts to charge the computer device  12  may be restricted. A notification may be displayed indicating the computer device  12  is in the unauthorized region. For example, the computer device  12  may receive a notice “You have now entered into an unauthorized region. You are restricted to a limited power charge”. Thus, the computer device  12  may be restricted from a power supply session with a power supply source, such as power supply charger  524 , which charges and supplies power to the computer device  12 . 
     It should be noted that computer device  12  may enter into a limp mode operation while in the unauthorized regions, such as regions  1  and  3 . In the limp mode, the computer device  12  may permit an unauthorized charging session to charge the computer device  12  only up to a pre-authorized charging limit (e.g., 10% battery power limit of the smart phone) upon the computer device  12  being located in an unauthorized geographic location, such as regions  1  and  3 . 
     With the foregoing functional components in view, consider some of the various aspects of the illustrated embodiments in operation. 
     Physical Authentication Tokens 
     In one aspect, the physical authentication tokens, such as a NFC sticker, QR Code, barcode, or other identifying sticker may be placed on and/or near the authorized power supply charger or location. For physical portable chargers, including stand-alone battery devices, the physical authentication token/sticker may be placed on the power supply charger device itself. For a power supply charger that may be physically too small or awkward to affix the physical authentication token/sticker, the physical authentication token/sticker may be placed at or near the power supply charger. For example, it may not be possible to affix the physical authentication token/sticker to a vehicle charger in a vehicle, but it may be possible to affix the physical authentication token/sticker near the vehicle charger. 
     Once the physical authentication token/sticker is affixed to the power supply charger, the identifying physical authentication token/sticker must be introduced to the application on the smart device to add the physical authentication token/sticker to a list of authorized identification physical authentication tokens/stickers. This authorization process may leverage additional authentication operations, such as, for example, a two-factor authorization. For example, a text message may be sent to a user&#39;s smart phone while a power supply charger is being authorized on an alternative device, such as a tablet of the user. Biometric authentication of biometric data, such as a fingerprint or retinal scan, may be required. Additionally, it should be enforced that a password or code that is not identical to the unlock password/code to unlock/lock the UE is required to introduce authorized identification physical authentication tokens/stickers to the application of the UE. 
     A local database of authorized identification physical authentication tokens/stickers and chargers may be synchronized as part of a normal backup of the UE. The authorized identification physical authentication tokens/stickers may be stored in a list and encrypted using one or more encryption operations. In one aspect, one or more hashing or salting operations may be used to protect the integrity of the list/data in the database. 
     Authorized Charging Process 
     When starting a charging process, such as plugging a UE into a power supply charger, and preparing to plug a power supply charger in (which may be an asynchronous process), the UE can dynamically open an application interface. The user may scan the physical authentication token/sticker into the application of the UE. The application validates the physical authentication token/sticker based upon the stored database of authorized physical authentication tokens/stickers. The application may instruct the firmware charger controls that power supply charging is authorized and a complete (full or maximum) power supply charging session may begin within a period of time (such as one minute) in order to give the user time to plug in the charger into the UE if they have not already plugged it in. If the charger is disconnected for a configurable period of time (e.g., 5 minutes) the firmware may terminate/end the authorized power charging session and require a re-authorization operation. 
     Optionally, once the authorized, power supply charging operation completes, the authorized, power supply charging operation session may “end” and require a re-authorization to begin charging at a subsequent point in time. 
     Unauthorized Charging 
     Multiple situations may exist where an authorized charger may be unavailable or a power charging management application of the UE may be unable to authorize a charging session. For example, the UE battery may be drained to a zero charge, one or more authorized charger/identification stickers are unavailable or non-existent at a current location, and/or internet access may be unavailable in order to introduce a new identification sticker to the system. 
     To address these challenges, an optional firmware level mode may be performed. That is, the operation mode at the firmware level may be a “limp mode” or “limp charge mode” that may be implemented to permit charging to a pre-specified charge level (e.g., 10%). As a further embodiment, the “limp mode charge (e.g., a battery of the UE charged to a defined percentage) may be configured to decay, for example, starting at 15% for a first time it is used, and progressively shrinking to a maximum charge, such as, for example, 5% after three unauthorized charges. This value may automatically reset to a higher value after a successful authorized charge. 
     Once the UE reaches the pre-authorized charge level (e.g., maximum limp mode charge), the temporary, unauthorized charging may be discontinued. This eliminates the possibility of using the UE while the UE is plugged in. Also, the limp mode charge level may be insufficient for normal use, and thus not attractive for a thief, but would be sufficient for the owner to be able to obtain an authorized charge session and/or contact emergency personal, if required. If the UE activates the limp mode, the time, date, and available location, if available, of the unauthorized charging may be stored by the firmware level charge limiter for the power charging management application to later provide to the end user via either a cloud computing gateway, email, short message service (“SMS”), or other communication method. The data may persist past a factory restore of the UE. Again, in limp mode, when a charge level is reached the device will stop drawing power from the charger preventing a thief from just leaving the device plugged into a charger all the time. In short, the limp mode prevents a UE from operating or running once a predetermined charge level is reached. 
     Cryptographic Handshake 
     In one aspect, a charging device (e.g., a power supply charging station) may be equipped with a cryptographic identification token. Using either a “wired” charging connection or via PAN wireless communication, the cryptographic identification token can be queried by the UE. When a new charging device is being setup for use with the UE, the new charging device must be introduced to a power supply charging management application on the UE to add the new charging device to the list of authorized charging devices. 
     This authorization process may leverage additional authentication operations, such as, for example, a two-factor authorization. For example, a text message may be sent to a user&#39;s smart phone while a power supply charger is being authorized on an alternative device, such as a tablet of the user. Biometric authentication of biometric data, such as a fingerprint or retinal scan, may be required. Additionally, it should be enforced that a password or code that is not identical to the unlock password/code to unlock/lock the UE is required to introduce authorized charging devices of the application. 
     The local database of an authorized charging device may be synchronized as part of a routine backup operation of the UE. The authorized charging devices may be stored using one or more encryption operations to avoid the possibility of the local database of authorized charging devices from being tampered with or hijacked. Standard storage techniques such as, for example, hashing and salting may be used in securing the integrity of the database. 
     As described above, the authorized charging and unauthorized charging for the cryptographic handshake may be similar in scope and in operations for the physical authentication token/sticker. That is, the embodiments and operations for the authorized charging process and unauthorized charging as described above regarding physical authentication tokens, may be similar in scope and function for the cryptographic handshake. 
     Authentication Locations 
     In one aspect, the UE may support one or more geolocations. The UE may be equipped with some form of satellite based geolocation devices, such as GPS, Galileo, Beidou, and/or GLONASS. In addition to the satellite based geolocations, the UE may support mobile network location triangulation, and even, Wi-Fi based geolocation capabilities and enhancements. 
     Within a secure part of the application, the authorized user can define permitted charging locations. Access to this “secure” part of the application may be controlled separately from access to the UE. This authorization process may leverage additional authentication operations, such as, for example, a two-factor authorization. For example, a text message may be sent to a user&#39;s smart phone while a power supply charger is being authorized on an alternative device, such as a tablet of the user. Biometric authentication of biometric data, such as a fingerprint or retinal scan, may be required. Additionally, it should be enforced that a password or code that is not identical to the unlock password/code to unlock/lock the UE is required to create a new geolocation or geofence. 
     The local database of authorized charging geolocations may be synchronized as part of a routine backup operation of the UE. The authorized charging geolocations may be stored using one or more encryption methods to avoid the possibility of the local database of authorized charging geolocations from being tampered with or hijacked. Standard storage techniques such as hashing and salting are also quite useful in securing the integrity of the database. The scope and number of these security layers is user configurable. For example, the larger the geofence, the more likely the UE is able to be charged by a potential thief. 
     In one aspect, the larger geofences may be useful for mobile charging. The user may also be required to define one or more locations particularly for smaller geofences. The geofences may give the user more control over authorized charging locations for the geofences. Optionally this method of restricting where charging is permitted can be augmented with additional methods of providing secure/authorized charging. 
     Authorized Charging Process 
     When starting a charging process, such as plugging a UE into a power supply charger and preparing to plug a power supply charger in (which may be an asynchronous process), the UE can dynamically open an application interface. The application validates the defined location based upon the stored database of authorized location (e.g., geofence locations). The application may instruct the firmware charger controls that the power supply charging is authorized and a complete (full or maximum) power supply charging session may begin within a period of time (such as one minute) in order to give the user time to plug in the charger into the UE if they have not already plugged it in. If the charger is disconnected for a configurable period of time (e.g., 5 minutes) the firmware may terminate/end the authorized power charging session and require a re-authorization operation. 
     Optionally the application of the UE may periodically check a UE geolocation and a Geo Fence database to ensure that the UE has not been moved outside of a permitted charging location, such as while connected to an external battery. Optionally, once the authorized, power supply charging operation completes, the authorized, power supply charging operation session may “end” and require a re-authorization to begin charging at a subsequent point in time. 
     Unauthorized Charging 
     Multiple situations may exist where power supply charging is required in a geolocation that has not been authorized. For example, the UE battery may be drained to a zero charge, one or more geolocations may not have been added to permitted, charging geofence locations. Data/internet access may be unavailable in order to define a new Geo Fence location. 
     To address these challenges, an optional firmware level mode may be performed. That is the operation mode at the firmware level may be a “limp mode” or “limp charge mode” that may be implemented to permit charging to a pre-specified charge level (example 10%). As a further embodiment, optionally the “limp mode” charge (e.g., a battery of the UE charged to a defined percentage) can be configured to decay, for example starting at 15% for a first time it is used, and progressively shrinking to a maximum charge of 5% (example only) after three unauthorized charges. This value may automatically reset to a default, higher value after a successful authorized charge. 
     Once the UE reaches the pre-authorized charge level (e.g., maximum limp mode charge), the temporary, unauthorized charging may be discontinued. This eliminates the possibility of using the UE while the UE is plugged in, and leaving the battery at the “limp” level. Also, the limp mode charge level may be insufficient for normal use, and thus not attractive for a thief, but would be sufficient for the owner to be able to obtain an authorized charge session and/or contact emergency personal, if required. If the UE activates the limp mode, the time, date, and available location, if available, of the unauthorized charging may be stored by the firmware level charge limiter for the power charging management application to later provide to the end user via either a cloud computing gateway, email, short message service (“SMS”), or other communication method. The data may persist past a factor restore of the UE. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 6 , a method  600  for using physical token based secured charge management of a UE by a processor is depicted, in which various aspects of the illustrated embodiments may be implemented. The functionality  600  may be implemented as a method executed as instructions on a machine, where the instructions are included on at least one computer readable medium or one non-transitory machine-readable storage medium. The functionality  600  may start in block  602 . A power charging session is authorized by firmware of the UE for charging the UE upon detecting one or more physical authentication tokens within a selected area of a power charging source or on the power charging source itself, or combination thereof, as in block  604 . The functionality  600  may end, as in block  606 . As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, the various steps depicted in method  600  may be completed in an order or version differing from the depicted embodiment to suit a particular scenario. 
     In one aspect, in conjunction with and/or as part of at least one block of  FIG. 6 , the operations of  600  may include each of the following. The operations of  600  may add the one or more physical authentication tokens to an approved list of authorized physical authentication tokens at the UE, wherein the one or more physical authentication tokens are a near field communication (NFC) sticker, a quick response (QR) code, barcode, or combination thereof. A unique password may be entered into an application of the UE for adding the one or more physical authentication tokens to the approved list of authorized physical authentication tokens. A database associated with the UE may be synchronized with the one or more physical authentication tokens added to the approved list of authorized physical authentication tokens. The approved list of authorized physical authentication tokens is encrypted. 
     The operations of  600  may scan the one or more physical authentication tokens by the UE to commence authorizing the power charging session. A re-authorization of a subsequent power charging session may be required by firmware of the UE for charging the UE upon detecting a termination or disconnection of the power charging session. The operations of  600  may also allow an unauthorized charging session, prior to the authorizing, to charge for charging the UE up to a pre-authorized charging limit. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 7 , a method  700  for using power charge management authorization for a UE with secured power charging stations by a processor is depicted, in which various aspects of the illustrated embodiments may be implemented. The functionality  700  may be implemented as a method executed as instructions on a machine, where the instructions are included on at least one computer readable medium or one non-transitory machine-readable storage medium. The functionality  700  may start in block  702 . A power charging session is authorized by firmware of the UE for charging the UE using a cryptographic handshake between the UE and a power charging station, as in block  704 . The functionality  700  may end, as in block  706 . As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, the various steps depicted in method  700  may be completed in an order or version differing from the depicted embodiment to suit a particular scenario. 
     In one aspect, in conjunction with and/or as part of at least one block of  FIG. 7 , the operations of  700  may include each of the following. The operations of  700  may query, by the UE, the power charging station for a cryptographic identification token. The operations of  700  may add the power charging station to an approved list of authorized power charging stations for the UE and may validate the power charging station according to the approved list of authorized power charging stations stored in a database associated with the UE. A unique password may be entered into an application of the UE for adding the power charging station to an approved list of authorized power charging stations. 
     The operations of  700  may synchronize a database with the power charging station added to the approved list of authorized power charging stations, wherein the approved list of authorized power charging stations is encrypted. A re-authorization of a subsequent power charging session may be required by firmware of the UE for charging the UE upon detecting a termination or disconnection of the power charging session. An unauthorized charging session may be allowed, prior to the authorizing, to charge for charging the UE up to a pre-authorized charging limit. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 8 , a method  800  for using power charge management authorization for a UE with secured power charging stations by a processor is depicted, in which various aspects of the illustrated embodiments may be implemented. The functionality  800  may be implemented as a method executed as instructions on a machine, where the instructions are included on at least one computer readable medium or one non-transitory machine-readable storage medium. The functionality  800  may start in block  802 . A power charging session is authorized by firmware of the UE for charging the UE upon detecting the UE is within an authorized geographic location, as in block  804 . The functionality  800  may end, as in block  806 . As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, the various steps depicted in method  800  may be completed in an order or version differing from the depicted embodiment to suit a particular scenario. 
     In one aspect, in conjunction with and/or as part of at least one block of  FIG. 8 , the operations of  800  may include each of the following. The operations of  800  may define the authorized geographic location by an authorized user of the UE. The authorization of the power charging session may be restricted for charging the UE upon detecting the UE is outside the authorized geographic location. A defined geographic location may be authorized and identified as one of a plurality of authorized geographic locations by the UE. The authorized geographic location may be stored in an approved list of authorized geographic locations stored in a database associated with the UE. 
     The operations of  800  may validate the authorized geographic location as one of a plurality of authorized geographic locations listed on an approved list of authorized geographic locations for authorizing the power charging session. A re-authorization of a subsequent power charging session may be required by firmware of the UE for charging the UE upon detecting a termination or disconnection of the power charging session. An unauthorized charging session may be permitted to charge the UE up to a pre-authorized charging limit upon the UE being located in an unauthorized geographic location. The power charging session may be permitted to continue to charge the UE upon detecting the UE relocated from the authorized geographic location to an unauthorized geographic location. 
     The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computer program product. The computer program product may include a computer readable storage medium (or media) having computer readable program instructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of the present invention. 
     The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of the computer readable storage medium includes the following: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such as punch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructions recorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construed as being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses passing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmitted through a wire. 
     Computer readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computer readable storage medium or to an external computer or external storage device via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprise copper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium within the respective computing/processing device. 
     Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations of the present invention may be assembler instructions, instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++ or the like, and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user&#39;s computer, partly on the user&#39;s computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user&#39;s computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user&#39;s computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readable program instructions by utilizing state information of the computer readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present invention. 
     Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer readable program instructions. 
     These computer readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowcharts and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises an article of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects of the function/act specified in the flowcharts and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions/acts specified in the flowcharts and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     The flowcharts and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowcharts or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.