Patent Publication Number: US-2022232619-A1

Title: Method processing for split resources and processing device

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation application of International Application No. PCT/CN2019/115996, filed on Nov. 6, 2019, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to the technical field of communication, and more particularly, to the technical field of segmented resource transmission. 
     BACKGROUND 
     A case that a current protocol does not support segmenting of a transmission resource is that, for example, it is impossible for a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) resource to cross a slot boundary. However, in the New Radio Release 16 (NR Re116, a New Radio system of Release 16), such a scenario will be allowed to occur. 
     In the NR Re116, enhancement to repetition of a PUSCH is made and some restrictions are relaxed. Therefore, one or more PUSCHs may occur in each slot, and time domain resources where a same PUSCH is located may be different. Since an application scenario is no longer restricted, data may be scheduled in real time, further reducing data transmission delay. 
     However, after the restrictions are relaxed, a specific solution of how to process a resource crossing a slot boundary or how to process a segmented resource has not yet been concluded. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present disclosure provides a method and apparatus for processing a segmented resource, so as to solve the above technical problems. 
     The present disclosure provides following technical solutions. 
     A method for processing a segmented resource includes: receiving a grant sent by a network device, the grant being used for allocating a transmission resource to a terminal device; determining, by a physical layer or Media Access Control layer of the terminal device, that the transmission resource contains at least one segmented resource; and starting or restarting a Configured Grant timer based on the transmission resource or the segmented resource. 
     A method for processing a segmented resource includes: sending a grant to a terminal device, the grant being used for allocating a transmission resource to the terminal device, wherein a Media Access Control layer of the terminal device determines that the transmission resource contains at least one segmented resource, and starts or restarts a Configured Grant timer based on the transmission resource or the segmented resource; and receiving data sent by the terminal device through the transmission resource. 
     An apparatus for processing a segmented resource includes: a grant receiving unit configured to receive a grant sent by a network device, the grant being used for allocating a transmission resource to a terminal device; a segmented resource determining unit configured to determine that the transmission resource contains at least one segmented resource; and a timer starting unit configured to start or restart a Configured Grant timer based on the transmission resource or the segmented resource. 
     An apparatus for processing a segmented resource includes: a grant sending unit configured to send a grant to a terminal device, the grant being used for allocating a transmission resource to the terminal device, wherein a segmented resource determining unit of the terminal device determines that the transmission resource contains at least one segmented resource, and a timer starting unit of the terminal device starts or restarts a Configured Grant timer based on the transmission resource or the segmented resource; and a data receiving unit configured to receive data sent by the terminal device through the transmission resource. 
     An uplink transmission apparatus includes a processor, a memory, and a network interface; the processor invokes a program in the memory to execute the method for processing the segmented resource disclosed in any one of implementations of the present application, and send out an execution result through the network interface. 
     A chip includes a processor for invoking and running a computer program from a memory, and a device having the chip installed thereon executes the method for processing the segmented resource disclosed in any one of implementations of the present application. 
     A computer-readable storage medium has stored therein a program for an uplink transmission method, wherein when the program for the uplink transmission method executed by a processor, the method for processing the segmented resource disclosed in any one of implementations of the present application is implemented. 
     A computer program product is stored in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein when the computer program is executed, the method for processing the segmented resource disclosed in any one of implementations of the present application is implemented. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is an architecture diagram of a system to which an implementation of the present application is applied. 
         FIG. 2  is a flowchart of a method for processing a segmented resource according to a first implementation of the present application. 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of a transmission resource crossing slots in the present application. 
         FIG. 4A  is a schematic diagram of an example in which a resource crossing slots is segmented into at least two independent resources. 
         FIG. 4B  is schematic diagram of another example in which a resource crossing slots is segmented into at least two independent resources. 
         FIG. 5  is a flowchart of a method for processing a segmented resource according to a second implementation of the present application. 
         FIG. 6  is a block diagram of an apparatus for processing a segmented resource according to a third implementation of the present application. 
         FIG. 7  is a block diagram of an apparatus for processing a segmented resource according to a fourth implementation of the present application. 
         FIG. 8  is a block diagram of an apparatus for processing a segmented resource according to a fifth implementation of the present application. 
         FIG. 9  is a schematic diagram of a structure of an apparatus for processing a segmented resource according to a sixth implementation of the present application. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In order to make objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure clearer, the present disclosure will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and implementations. It should be understood that the implementations described herein are only for a purpose of explaining the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. However, the present disclosure may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the implementations described herein. On the contrary, a purpose of providing these implementations is to make understanding of disclosed contents of the present utility model more thorough and comprehensive. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field of the present disclosure. Terms used in the specification of the present disclosure herein are for a purpose of describing specific implementations only, but are not intended to limit the present disclosure. The term “and/or” used herein includes any and all of combinations of one or more related listed items. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 ,  FIG. 1  shows a wireless communication system  100  to which an implementation of the present application is applied. The wireless communication system includes a network device  110  and at least one User Equipment  120  located within a coverage area of the network device  110 . 
     Optionally, the wireless communication system  100  may include a plurality of network devices, and other numbers of User Equipment may be included within a coverage area of each network device, which is not limited in the implementations of the present application. 
     The wireless communication system  100  in the implementations of the present application may be following various communication systems, such as a Global System of Mobile Communication (GSM) system, a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) system, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, an Advanced Long Term Evolution (LTE-A) system, a New Radio (NR) system, an evolution system of an NR system, an LTE-based access to unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) system, an NR-based access to unlicensed spectrum (NR-U) system, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), a next generation communication system, or another communication system. 
     Optionally, the communication system in the implementations of the present application may be applied to a Carrier Aggregation (CA) scenario, or a Dual Connectivity (DC) scenario, or a Standalone (SA) network deployment scenario. 
     The network device  110  may provide communication coverage for a specific geographical area, and may communicate with a User Equipment (e.g., UE) located within the coverage area. Optionally, the network device  100  may be a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) in a GSM system or a CDMA system, a NodeB (NB) in a WCDMA system, an Evolutional Node B (eNB or eNodeB) in an LTE system, or a radio controller in a Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN), or the network device may be a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a network side device in a 5G network, or a network device in a future evolved Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN). 
     The User Equipment  120  may be mobile or fixed. Optionally, the User Equipment  120  may refer to an access terminal, a User Equipment (UE), a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a mobile platform, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a User Equipment, a terminal, a wireless communication device, a user agent, or a user apparatus. The access terminal may be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a Wireless Local Loop (WLL) station, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a handheld device with a wireless communication function, a computing device, or another processing device connected to a wireless modem, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a terminal device in a 5G network, or a terminal device in a future evolved Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN). 
     A First Implementation 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 ,  FIG. 2  shows a method for processing a segmented resource according to the first implementation of the present application, which includes following acts. 
     In S 210 , a network device sends a grant to a terminal device, the grant being used for allocating a transmission resource to the terminal device. 
     Optionally, the transmission resource may be a Configured Grant (CG) resource or a Dynamic Grant (DG) resource. Optionally, the transmission resource is a nominal repetition or a non-segmented grant resource. 
     In S 220 , a physical layer or a Media Access Control (MAC) layer of the terminal device determines that the transmission resource contains at least one segmented resource. Specifically, the physical layer of the terminal device is connected to a MAC entity to determine that the transmission resource contains the at least one segmented resource. 
     Optionally, the segmented resource may be a CG resource or a DG resource. 
     Optionally, the segmented resource is an actual repetition or a segmented grant resource. 
     In the New Radio Release 16 (NR Re116, Release 16 of New Radio), enhancement to repetition of a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) is made, some restrictions are relaxed, that is, there may be one or more PUSCHs in each slot, and time domain resources where a same PUSCH is located may be different. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , the segmented resource as described in the implementations of the present application will occur, and the segmented resource refers to a transmission resource crossing slots as shown in  FIG. 3 , that is, a case that a PUSCH resource crosses a boundary A between slots  2  and  3  occurs. The physical layer or the MAC layer of the terminal device may start a timer for a nominal repetition in a timeline B. Referring further to  FIGS. 4A and 4B , a shaded portion in  FIGS. 4A and 4B  is a PUSCH resource.  FIG. 4A  shows a case that a duration of a PUSCH crossing slots. One PUSCH crossing slots is segmented into two or three independent PUSCHs, that is, three independent Transport Blocks (TBs) are transmitted. FIG.  4 B shows a case where there is more than one PUSCH in one slot. When one PUSCH encounters a downlink and flexible resource, it is automatically segmented into two or more PUSCHs for transmitting independent TBs. Thus, data may be scheduled in real time, further reducing data transmission delay. 
     However, for such case, the terminal device needs to segment the PUSCH resource into two or more independent PUSCH resources for transmission. That is to say, a configured or indicated resource, when transmitted by the terminal device, may be segmented into at least two resources for transmission, as appropriate. Each segmented resource is independently encoded, or in other words, data is independently encoded based on the segmented resource. 
     In S 230 , a Configured Grant timer (ConfiguredGrantTimer) is started or restarted based on the transmission resource or the segmented resource. 
     Optionally, S 230  includes: the Configured Grant timer is started or restarted when the transmission resource is a CG resource or when the transmission resource is a DG resource and a corresponding Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) process is a HARQ process configured for the Configured Grant resource. 
     Optionally, time at which the timer is started in S 230  is one of following: when a Media Access Control layer Protocol Data Unit (MAC PDU) is acquired, when the MAC PDU is sent, when a retransmission is indicated, or when a grant starts to be transmitted, when the transmission resource is transmitted, when the segmented resource is transmitted, when a MAC PDU corresponding to the transmission resource is transmitted, when a MAC PDU corresponding to the segmented resource is transmitted, when retransmission of a HARQ process corresponding to the segmented resource is indicated, when retransmission of a MAC PDU corresponding to the segmented resource is indicated, when retransmission of a HARQ process corresponding to the transmission resource is indicated, when retransmission of a MAC PDU corresponding to the transmission resource is indicated. 
     Optionally, S 220  includes: the Media Access Control layer of the terminal device determines that the transmission resource contains at least one segmented resource according to first information, wherein the first information is resource configuration information of a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). 
     Optionally, the first information is indication information in Downlink Control Information (DCI) or a Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, which is used for indicating whether the transmission resource is a segmented resource, or whether the transmission resource is a resource crossing a slot boundary, or whether the transmission resource is a resource that is segmented by F/D. 
     Optionally, the first information is information sent by the physical layer of the terminal device to the Media Access Control layer, which is used for indicating whether the transmission resource is a segmented resource, or whether the transmission resource is a resource crossing a slot boundary, or whether the transmission resource is a resource that is segmented by F/D. At this time, the physical layer of the terminal device determines whether the transmission resource is a segmented resource, and sends the information to the MAC layer. 
     Optionally, S 220  includes: the MAC layer determines that the transmission resource contains the at least one segmented resource according to one of following situations: configuration information of a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) resource; indication information in DCI or RRC; indication information in Downlink Control Information (DCI) or a Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling; at least one transmission resource crosses a slot boundary; a duration of the at least one transmission resource crosses a flexible symbol and a downlink symbol, i.e., is segmented by the flexible symbol and the downlink symbol; at least one grant crosses slots; or, a duration of the at least one grant resource crosses a flexible symbol or a downlink symbol. 
     The first implementation of the present application discloses the method for processing the segmented resource. When the terminal device determines that the transmission resource granted by the network device contains the at least one segmented resource, the Configured Grant timer is started based on the transmission resource or the segmented resource, thereby providing a solution for how to process a segmented resource. 
     A Second Implementation 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 ,  FIG. 5  shows a method for processing a segmented resource according to the first implementation of the present application, which includes following acts. 
     In S 210 , a network device sends a grant to a terminal device, the grant being used for allocating a transmission resource to the terminal device. 
     In S 220 , a physical layer or a MAC layer of the terminal device determines that the transmission resource contains at least one segmented resource. 
     In S 240 , data is independently encoded based on the segmented resource. 
     Optionally, S 230  in the first implementation may be included in the specific second implementation. 
     Optionally, specific contents of S 210 , S 220 , and S 230  may be referred to related contents in the first implementation above, which will not be repeated here. 
     Optionally, the method further includes following acts. 
     In S 250 , the Media Access Control layer sends a segmented grant to a Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) entity, wherein the segmented grant is a grant corresponding to the transmission resource and/or the segmented resource. 
     In S 260 , the terminal device sends the data according to the transmission resource and/or the segmented resource. 
     Optionally, the Media Access Control layer sending the segmented grant to the HARQ entity of S 250  includes: the Media Access Control layer indicating at least one of following to a corresponding HARQ process: a nominal repetition, an initial segmented grant of the segmented grant, and HARQ information. An advantage of this mode is that the segmented resource may be processed according to repetition of an existing protocol. 
     Specifically, after an initial uplink segmented grant in this grant or the nominal repetition is delivered to a HARQ entity, each segmented transmission in the grant is a separate uplink grant. That is to say, a non-initial segmented grant is not delivered to a HARQ entity. UE MAC generates a MAC PDU associated to a size of the initial segmented grant or the grant (or nominal repetition). For the non-initial segmented grant, the MAC instructs an identified HARQ process to trigger a retransmission. 
     Optionally, the Media Access Control layer sending the segmented grant to the HARQ entity of S 250  includes: the Media Access Control layer indicating each segmented grant of segmented grant and/or HARQ information to a corresponding HARQ process, wherein the segmented grant is a grant corresponding to the segmented resource. An advantage of this mode is that a new solution is provided for processing the segmented resource. 
     Specifically, each segmented transmission in the grant is a separate uplink grant. That is, MAC will deliver each segmented grant of the grant to the HARQ entity. UE MAC generates a MAC PDU associated to a size of an initial segmented grant or the grant (nominal repetition). For a non-initial segmented grant, the MAC instructs an identified HARQ process to trigger a retransmission. 
     Optionally, the method further includes: the Media Access Control layer processes an initial segmented grant of the segmented grant according to a new transmission; and the Media Access Control layer processes other segmented grants corresponding to the segmented grant according to a retransmission or an independent uplink (UL) grant. 
     Optionally, the Media Access Control layer processing the initial segmented grant of the segmented grant according to the new transmission includes: the Media Access Control layer generating a Media Access Control Protocol Data Unit (MAC PDU) according to a size of a complete grant or a size of a nominal repetition; or the Media Access Control layer generating the MAC PDU according to a size of the initial segmented grant. 
     Optionally, the Media Access Control layer sending the segmented grant to the HARQ entity further includes: the Media Access Control layer indicating second information to the HARQ entity, wherein the second information includes at least one piece of following information: indicating that the grant is a segmented grant; indicating a size of an initial segment grant of the segmented grant; indicating a size of the nominal repetition; and indicating a size of a grant corresponding to the segmented grant. 
     Optionally, if the transmission resource or the segmented grant is a part of a repetition and grant bundle, and the transmission resource or the segmented grant is not a first repetition, then the nominal repetition or an initial segmented grant of the segmented grant or an initial segmented grant of the nominal repetition is processed according to a retransmission or an independent uplink (UL) grant. 
     Data sent finally by the terminal device to the network device through the transmission resource and/or the segmented resource is received. The method for processing the segmented resource according to the second implementation of the present application provides a solution for how to process a segmented resource. 
     A Third Implementation 
     Referring to  FIG. 6 ,  FIG. 6  shows an apparatus  300  for processing a segmented resource according to the third implementation of the present application. The apparatus includes: a grant receiving unit  310  configured to receive a grant sent by a network device, the grant being used for allocating a transmission resource to a terminal device; a segmented resource determining unit  320  configured to determine that the transmission resource contains at least one segmented resource; and a timer starting unit  330  configured to start or restart a Configured Grant timer based on the transmission resource or the segmented resource. 
     Optionally, the timer starting unit  330  is specifically configured to start or restart the Configured Grant timer based on the transmission resource or the segmented resource when the transmission resource is a CG resource or when the transmission resource is a DG resource and a corresponding Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) process is a HARQ process configured for the CG resource. 
     Optionally, the timer starting unit  330  is specifically configured to start or restart the timer based on the transmission resource or the segmented resource at one of following time: when a Media Access Control layer Protocol Data Unit (MAC PDU) is acquired, when the MAC PDU is sent, when a retransmission is indicated, when a grant starts to be transmitted, when the transmission resource is transmitted, when the segmented resource is transmitted, when a MAC PDU corresponding to the transmission resource is transmitted, when a MAC PDU corresponding to the segmented resource is transmitted, when retransmission of a HARQ process corresponding to the segmented resource is indicated, when retransmission of a MAC PDU corresponding to the segmented resource is indicated, when retransmission of a HARQ process corresponding to the transmission resource is indicated, and when retransmission of a MAC PDU corresponding to the transmission resource is indicated. 
     Optionally, the segmented resource determining unit  320  is specifically configured to determine that the transmission resource contains the at least one segmented resource according to first information, wherein the first information is resource configuration information of a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). 
     Optionally, the first information is indication information in Downlink Control Information (DCI) or a Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, which is used for indicating whether the transmission resource is a segmented resource, or whether the transmission resource is a resource crossing a slot boundary, or whether the transmission resource is a resource that is segmented by F/D. 
     Optionally, the first information is information sent by a physical layer of the terminal device to the segmented resource determining unit, which is used for indicating whether the transmission resource is a segmented resource, or whether the transmission resource is a resource crossing a slot boundary, or whether the transmission resource is a resource that is segmented by F/D. At this time, the physical layer of the terminal device determines whether the transmission resource is a segmented resource, and sends the information to the MAC layer. 
     Optionally, the segmented resource determining unit  320  is specifically configured to determine that the transmission resource contains the at least one segmented resource according to one of following situations: configuration information of the resource; indication information in DCI or RRC; the at least one transmission resource crosses a slot boundary; a duration of the at least one transmission resource crosses a flexible symbol or a downlink symbol; the at least one grant crosses slots; or, a duration of the at least one grant resource crosses a flexible symbol or a downlink symbol. 
     Details that are not exhaustive in the third implementation may be referred to corresponding contents in the first implementation described above and will not be repeated here. 
     A Fourth Implementation 
     Referring to  FIG. 7 ,  FIG. 7  shows an apparatus  400  for processing a segmented resource according to the fourth implementation of the present application. The apparatus includes: a grant receiving unit  310  configured to receive a grant sent by a network device, the grant being used for allocating a transmission resource to a terminal device; specific contents may be referred to corresponding contents in the first to third implementations and will not be repeated here; a segmented resource determining unit  320  configured to determine that the transmission resource contains at least one segmented resource; specific contents may be referred to corresponding contents in the first to third implementations and will not be repeated here; and an encoding unit  340  configured to independently encode data based on the segmented resource. 
     Optionally, in the fourth implementation, the apparatus  400  may further include a timer starting unit  330 . 
     Optionally, specific contents of the grant receiving unit  310 , the segmented resource determining unit  320 , and the timer starting unit  330  may be referred to related contents in the third implementation described above, and will not be repeated here. 
     Optionally, the apparatus further includes: a transmission unit  350  configured to send a segmented grant to a HARQ entity, wherein the segmented grant is a grant corresponding to the transmission resource and/or the segmented resource. Thus, the apparatus transmits the data according to the transmission resource of the segmented grant. 
     Optionally, the transmission unit is specifically configured to send at least one piece of following information to the HARQ entity: a nominal repetition, an initial segmented grant of a segmented grant, and HARQ information, which are indicated to a corresponding HARQ process. 
     Optionally, the transmission unit is specifically configured to indicate each segmented grant of a segmented grant and/or HARQ information to a corresponding HARQ process, wherein the segmented grant is a grant corresponding to the segmented resource. 
     Optionally, the transmission unit is further configured to process an initial segmented grant of the segmented grant according to a new transmission; and process another segmented grant corresponding to the segmented grant according to a retransmission or an independent uplink (UL) grant. 
     Optionally, the transmission unit is configured to process the initial segmented grant of the segmented grant according to the new transmission, specifically, the transmission unit is configured to generate a Media Access Control Protocol Data Unit (MAC PDU) according to a size of a complete grant or a size of a nominal repetition; or generate the MAC PDU according to a size of the initial segmented grant. 
     Optionally, the transmission unit is further configured to indicate second information to the HARQ entity, wherein the second information includes at least one piece of following information: indicating that the grant is a segmented grant; indicating a size of an initial segment grant of the segmented grant; indicating a size of the nominal repetition; and indicating a size of a grant corresponding to the segmented grant. 
     Optionally, if the transmission resource or the segmented grant is a part of a repetition and grant bundle, and the transmission resource or the segmented grant is not a first repetition, then the transmission unit is further configured to process the nominal repetition or an initial segmented grant of the segmented grant or an initial segmented grant of the nominal repetition according to a retransmission or an independent uplink (UL) grant. Details that are not exhaustive in the fourth implementation may be referred to same or corresponding contents in the first to third implementations described above and will not be repeated here. 
     A Fifth Implementation 
     Referring to  FIG. 8 ,  FIG. 8  shows an apparatus  500  for processing a segmented resource according to the fifth implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus includes: a grant sending unit  510  configured to send a grant to a terminal device, the grant being used for allocating a transmission resource to the terminal device, wherein a segmented resource determining unit of the terminal device determines that the transmission resource contains at least one segmented resource; and a timer starting unit of the terminal device starts or restarts a Configured Grant timer based on the transmission resource or the segmented resource; and a data receiving unit  520  configured to receive data sent by the terminal device through the transmission resource. 
     A Sixth Implementation 
     Referring to  FIG. 9 ,  FIG. 9  shows a schematic diagram of a structure of an apparatus  600  for processing a segmented resource according to the fourth implementation of the present application. The apparatus  600  includes a processor  610 , a memory  620 , and a network interface  630 . The processor  610  invokes a program in the memory  620  to execute a method for processing a segmented resource according to the first implementation, and send out an execution result through the network interface  630 . 
     The processor  610  may be an independent component or a unified name of a plurality of processing elements. For example, the processor  610  may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the methods described above, such as at least one Digital Signal Processor (DSP) or at least one Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). 
     The present disclosure is described with reference to flowcharts and/or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), computer programs, and computer program products according to the implementations of the present disclosure. It should be understood that each flow and/or block in the flowcharts and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowcharts and/or block diagrams may be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, an embedded processor, a chip, or a processor of another programmable data processing device to generate a machine, such that an apparatus for implementing functions specified in one or more flows in the flowcharts and/or one or more blocks in the block diagrams is generated through instructions executed by a computer or a processor of another programmable data processing device. The program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which may include a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk. 
     The above implementations illustrate but do not limit the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art can design a plurality of alternative examples within the scope of the claims. Those skilled in the art should recognize that appropriate adjustments, modifications, etc., may be made to specific implementations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined in the appended claims. Therefore, any modifications and changes made according to the spirit and principles of the present disclosure are within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.