Patent Publication Number: US-10307337-B2

Title: Oral administration coupler for back-of-mouth delivery

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a divisional of U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/652,742 filed Jul. 18, 2017, which claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/396,532 filed Sep. 19, 2016 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/363,498 filed Jul. 18, 2016; U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/652,742 filed Jul. 18, 2017 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/078,674 filed Mar. 23, 2016, which claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/137,293 filed Mar. 24, 2015 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/192,726 filed Jul. 15, 2015, all of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates generally to the field of containment, storage, and delivery of fluids, particularly in the medical and pharmaceutical fields, and more particularly to a coupler for devices used in oral administration of medical or nutritional fluids. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Various fluids such as medications and nutritional fluids are delivered to human or animal patients by dispensing from a syringe. Syringes conforming to the new ENFit® enteral design standard (ISO 80369-3) may include nipple or tip couplings of larger dimension and volume or displacement than previous syringes. Volumetric differences in fluid delivery resulting from these changes may adversely affect accuracy of dosing in the oral administration of fluids. Furthermore, the ISO 80369-3 standard represents a greater risk of mouth trauma given the larger dimension syringe tips and threaded connectors. 
     Thus it can be seen that needs exist for improvements to oral administration couplers for fluid delivery and for providing a means to orally dose or dispense from the syringes conforming to the ISO 80369-3 enteral design standard, and to mitigate trauma to the mouth and provide accurate means of delivering an oral dose from an ISO 80369-3 formatted syringe. It is to the provision of improved oral administration couplers meeting these and other needs that the present invention is primarily directed. 
     SUMMARY 
     In example embodiments, the present invention provides an improved oral administration coupler for delivery of fluids such as medications and nutritional fluids. The invention further includes improved methods of design and manufacture of fluid delivery devices, including determining and controlling lumen size(s) and fluid flow path volume(s) so that the devices deliver accurate and consistent doses or quantities of fluid. Devices and methods according to the invention provide fluid volume paths or segments having the same or closely similar fluid delivery volume across a plurality of fluid delivery devices or accessories, for accurate and consistent dosing or fluid delivery quantities. For example, the fluid volume path of an oral administration coupler according to example forms of the invention has the same volume in the coupler as a male ENFit connector, at its nominal engagement depth. 
     In one aspect, the present invention relates to an oral administration coupler for delivering fluids from a syringe having a female connector to a cheek area of a child or infant. The oral administration coupler includes a conduit and a generally circumferential flange extending outwardly from the conduit. The conduit generally extends from a first end to a second end. The first end includes a generally elongate member for oral insertion to deliver fluids to the cheek area of the child or infant, and the second end includes an ENFit compatible fitting for removable engagement with the female connector of the syringe. The flange extending outwardly from the conduit is generally positioned between the first and second ends of the conduit. 
     In another aspect, the invention relates to an oral administration coupler including a central fluid transfer member, a lumen defined within the fluid transfer member, and a flange. The fluid transfer member generally includes a first end, a generally opposite second end, and an outer periphery. The lumen is defined within the central fluid transfer member and extends from the first end to the second end. The flange is generally positioned between the first and second ends of the fluid transfer member, and wherein the flange generally extends outwardly from an outer periphery of the central fluid transfer member. 
     In example embodiments, the first end of the central fluid transfer member includes a generally elongate stem having a substantially oval cross sectional shape. In one form, the generally elongate stem is generally duckbilled in shape. According to one form, the second end of the central fluid transfer member comprises an ENFit compatible coupling having a centrally-positioned transfer port and an outer collar comprising an internally threaded portion. Preferably, the ENFit compatible coupling is configured for removable engagement with a female connector of a syringe. 
     Optionally, the second end of the central fluid transfer member comprises a coupling having a centrally-positioned transfer port and an outer collar comprising an internally threaded portion. Preferably, the coupling is configured for removable engagement with a syringe having a threaded tip. In example forms, the threaded tip generally has an outer diameter and a thread pitch, the outer diameter being between about 4 to about 9 millimeters and the thread pitch being between about 1 millimeter to about 5 millimeters. In some example forms, the outer diameter is about 6.675 millimeters and the thread pitch is about 2.450 millimeters. 
     In still another aspect, the invention relates to an oral administration coupler for delivering fluids from a syringe to a cheek area of a child or infant. In example forms, the syringe has a threaded tip having an outer diameter of between about 4 millimeters to about 9 millimeters and a thread pitch of between about 1 millimeter to about 5 millimeters. The oral administration coupler generally includes a conduit and a flange. The conduit generally extending from a first end to a second end, wherein the first end includes a generally elongate oral delivery applicator for oral insertion to deliver fluids to the cheek area of the child or infant, and wherein the second end includes a coupling for removable engagement with the threaded tip of the syringe. The flange generally extends outwardly from the conduit and is generally positioned between the first and second ends of the conduit. 
     In yet another aspect, the invention relates to a method of designing a fluid delivery device including calculating a volume of at least a portion of a fluid delivery path of a first fluid delivery device; and designing a fluid delivery path of a second fluid delivery device to substantially match the fluid delivery path volume of the first fluid delivery device. In example forms, the first fluid delivery device includes a pharmacy coupler for transferring fluids from a container to a syringe. According to one example form, the second fluid delivery device includes an oral administration coupler for delivering fluids from a syringe to a cheek area of a child or infant. 
     In another aspect the invention relates to an oral administration coupler for delivering fluids from a syringe to a child or infant. The oral administration coupler includes a coupling having an ENFit compatible coupling end and an applicator coupling end, and a conduit extending therebetween. An elongate tube is provided and includes a first end coupled to the applicator coupling end and a second end generally oppositely extending therefrom. In example embodiments, the syringe includes a female coupler. According to one example embodiment, the female connector of the syringe further includes a lumen extension tip axially extending therein. 
     In yet another aspect, the invention relates to an oral administration coupler for back-of-mouth delivery including a central fluid transfer member having a first end, a generally opposite second end, an outer periphery, and lumen defined within the central fluid transfer member and extending from the first end to the second end. In example embodiments, the central fluid transfer member defines a length between the first and second ends sufficient to deliver fluid from the central fluid transfer member to a back of a child&#39;s mouth from a fluid delivery device at least partially external of the child&#39;s mouth. 
     In yet another aspect, the invention relates to an oral administration coupler for delivering fluids from a syringe to a child or infant. The syringe includes a female connector having a lumen extension tip extending in a coaxial and concentric relationship with respect to the female connector of the syringe. The oral administration coupler includes a conduit and a flange. The conduit extends from a first end to a second end, wherein the first end includes an applicator for oral insertion to deliver fluids to the child or infant, and the second end includes an ISO 80369-3 formatted coupling for removable engagement with the female connector of the syringe, and wherein the lumen extension tip is received within the conduit of the ISO 80369-3 formatted coupling when the female coupling is connected therewith. The flange extends outwardly from the conduit and is positioned between the first and second ends of the conduit. According to one example embodiment, the flange is generally non-circular in shape and includes a plurality of openings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows a front perspective view of an oral administration coupler according to an example embodiment of the present invention, and further shows a syringe removably coupled thereto for dispensing contents from the syringe and through the oral administration coupler. 
         FIG. 2  shows a rear perspective view of the oral administration coupler of  FIG. 1 , and showing the syringe removably disengaged therefrom. 
         FIGS. 3-6  show several views of the oral administration coupler of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 7  shows a cross-sectional view of the oral administration coupler removably coupled with the syringe of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 8  shows a front perspective view of an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  shows a rear perspective view of the oral administration coupler of  FIG. 8 . 
         FIG. 10  shows a rear perspective view of an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 11  shows a rear perspective view of an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 12  shows a cross-sectional view of the oral administration coupler of  FIG. 11  taken along line  12 - 12 . 
         FIG. 13  shows a cross-sectional view of the oral administration coupler of  FIG. 11  taken along line  13 - 13 . 
         FIG. 14  shows a rear perspective assembly view of the oral administration coupler of  FIG. 11  positioned between a syringe and a cap, the syringe being permanently engageable with the oral administration coupler and the cap being removably engageable with the oral administration coupler. 
         FIG. 15  shows a cross-sectional view of the oral administration coupler assembled with the syringe and cap as shown in  FIG. 14 . 
         FIG. 16  shows an oral administration coupler assembled with a syringe according to another example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 17  shows a top perspective view of the oral administration coupler shown in  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 18  shows a top plan view of the oral administration coupler of  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 19  shows a side plan view of the oral administration coupler of  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 20  shows a rear perspective view of an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 21  shows a front perspective view of the oral administration coupler of  FIG. 20 . 
         FIG. 22  shows a front perspective view of an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention, and showing the coupler removably mounted to a syringe and having one or more openings provided in a flange thereof. 
         FIG. 23  shows a rear perspective view of the oral administration coupler and syringe of  FIG. 22 . 
         FIG. 24  shows a top perspective view of the oral administration coupler and syringe of  FIG. 22 . 
         FIG. 25  shows a side view of an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention, and showing the coupler removably mounted to a syringe. 
         FIG. 26  shows a side view of an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention, and showing the coupler removably mounted to a syringe. 
         FIG. 27  shows a side view of an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention, and showing the coupler removably mounted to a syringe. 
         FIG. 28  shows a side view of an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention, and showing the coupler removably mounted to a syringe. 
         FIG. 29  shows a front perspective view of an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 30  shows a cross-sectional view of the oral administration coupler of  FIG. 29 . 
         FIG. 31  shows a rear perspective assembly view of an oral administration coupler and a syringe according to another example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 32  shows a plurality of syringes for use with the oral administration coupler shown in  FIG. 31 . 
         FIG. 33A  is a cross-sectional view of a portion of one of the syringes taken along line  33 A- 33 A of  FIG. 32 . 
         FIG. 33B  is a detailed view of a thread portion of the syringe portion of  FIG. 31A . 
         FIG. 34  is a cross-sectional view of the oral administration coupler removably engaged with the syringe as shown in  FIG. 31 . 
         FIG. 35  is a rear perspective view of an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 36  is a rear perspective view of an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention, and showing a cap removably attached to a portion thereof. 
         FIG. 37  is a cross-sectional view of an oral administration coupler removably coupled to a syringe having a lumen extension tip within the female connector thereof according to another example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 38  shows an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 39  shows a cross-sectional view of the oral administration coupler of  FIG. 38 . 
         FIG. 40  shows a front perspective view of an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 41  shows a rear perspective view of the oral administration coupler of  FIG. 40 . 
         FIG. 42  shows a side view of the oral administration coupler of  FIG. 40  coupled with a syringe according to an example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 43  shows a rear perspective view of an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 44  shows a side view of the oral administration coupler of  FIG. 43 . 
         FIG. 45  shows a perspective view of an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 46  shows a side view of the oral administration coupler of  FIG. 45 . 
         FIG. 47  is a side perspective view of the oral administration coupler of  FIG. 45  coupled to a syringe according to another example embodiment of the present invention, and showing a portion of the syringe providing an attachment for receiving at least a portion of the feeding tube extending from the oral administration coupler. 
         FIG. 48  is a rear perspective view of the oral administration coupler and coupled syringe of  FIG. 47 . 
         FIGS. 49-50  show the oral administration coupler of  FIG. 45  coupled with a syringe and movable plunger according to another example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 51  shows an oral administration coupler and syringe assembly being used to draw fluids into the syringe body from an open vessel according to an example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 52  shows an oral administration coupler and syringe assembly being used to draw fluids into the syringe body from a pharmacy bottle and through an enteral-only bottle adapter according to an example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 53  shows an oral administration coupler and syringe assembly being used to draw fluids into the syringe body from a pharmacy bottle and through an ENFit compatible bottle adapter according to an example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 54  shows an oral administration coupler and syringe assembly being used to draw fluids into the syringe body from a pharmacy bottle transfer lid and through a transfer port according to an example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 55  shows a side view of an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 56  shows a side perspective view of the oral administration coupler of  FIG. 55 , and showing a two-piece straw attached thereto and extending therefrom. 
         FIG. 57  shows a front perspective view of the oral administration coupler of  FIG. 56 . 
         FIG. 58  shows a cross-sectional view of the tube of  FIG. 56 . 
         FIG. 59  shows an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 60  shows a chart showing the priming volumes associated with feeding tubes of various lengths and internal diameters according to an example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 61  shows a perspective view of an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention, and showing a cap secured to a tip of a tube or applicator extending therefrom. 
         FIG. 62  shows a top perspective view of the oral administration coupler of  FIG. 61 , and showing the cap removed from the applicator. 
         FIG. 63  shows a perspective view of the oral administration coupler of  FIG. 61 , and showing the flexibility of the applicator. 
         FIG. 64  shows the oral administration coupler of  FIG. 61  coupled with a bottle adapter that is fitted with a pharmacy bottle. 
         FIG. 65  shows a perspective view of a coupling of the oral administration coupler of  FIG. 61 . 
         FIG. 66  shows a top view of the coupling of  FIG. 65 . 
         FIG. 67  shows a cross-sectional view of the coupling of  FIG. 66  taken along line  67 - 67 . 
         FIGS. 68-69  show an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 70-72  show an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 73-75  show an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 76-78  show an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 79-80  show an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 81-82  show a syringe-type oral delivery device according to an example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 83-85  show a syringe-type oral delivery device according to another example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 86  shows the syringe-type oral delivery device of  FIG. 83  coupled with a male port of a transfer lid according to an example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 87  shows the syringe-type oral delivery device of  FIG. 83  coupled with a pharmacy bottle adapter according to an example embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 88-89  show a syringe-type oral delivery device according to another example embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS 
     The present invention may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of the invention taken in connection with the accompanying drawing figures, which form a part of this disclosure. It is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the specific devices, methods, conditions or parameters described and/or shown herein, and that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments by way of example only and is not intended to be limiting of the claimed invention. Any and all patents and other publications identified in this specification are incorporated by reference as though fully set forth herein. 
     Also, as used in the specification including the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include the plural, and reference to a particular numerical value includes at least that particular value, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Ranges may be expressed herein as from “about” or “approximately” one particular value and/or to “about” or “approximately” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another embodiment. 
     With reference now to the drawing figures, the present invention relates generally to an oral administration coupling for attachment to a connector of a syringe. In some example forms, the connector of the syringe comprises an ENFit connector, for example, a female connector FC in the form of an ENFit female connector according to the global design standard ISO 80369-3. In other example embodiments, the connector of the syringe comprises a threaded tip. 
     With respect to the ENFit connector, the female connector FC comprises a pair of thread lugs or ribs R extending along a portion of the periphery of the connector (see  FIG. 2 ). Preferably, the oral administration coupling (as several embodiments will be described below) provides for removable engagement with the female connector FC. Typically, as will be described below, the coupling comprises a collar having a threaded internal portion for removable engagement with the ribs R of the female connector FC. Optionally, in other example embodiments, the coupling can be in the form of a non-threaded, slip-fit connection. 
       FIGS. 1-7  show an oral administration coupler  10  according to an example embodiment of the present invention. As depicted, the oral administration coupler  10  generally comprises a central fluid transfer member  20  extending from a first end  12  to a second end  14 , and an outer flange  60  generally positioned between the first and second ends  12 ,  14  of the central fluid transfer member  20  and extending outwardly therefrom. 
     The central fluid transfer member  20  generally comprises an elongate stem or oral delivery applicator  24  at the first end  12  of the fluid transfer member  20  and an ENFit compatible coupling or connector  34  positioned at the second end  14  of the fluid transfer member  20 . In example forms, the oral delivery applicator  24  generally extends in a direction that is substantially opposite to the direction of the extension of the connector  34 . The flange  60  is generally integrally formed with the fluid transfer member  20  between the first and second ends  12 ,  14  of the fluid transfer member  20 . As shown in  FIGS. 2 and 7 , the female connector FC of the syringe S is preferably configured for removable coupling and sealing engagement with the coupling  34 , for example, so that fluids within the syringe S can be transferred through the coupling  10  and orally administered to a human or animal patient by actuation of a plunger P movably mounted within the syringe S. Preferably, a lumen  22  is provided within the fluid transfer member  20  and extends between the first and second ends  12 ,  14 , for example, through the entirety of both the oral delivery applicator  24  and the ENFit compatible coupling  34 , providing fluid communication from the inlet end  14  of the coupler  10  at the syringe S, to the outlet end  12  of the coupler at the delivery applicator  24 . 
     In example embodiments, the oral delivery applicator  24  is generally in the form of an irregular or asymmetric nipple, which is generally duckbilled in shape and has a generally non-circular or oval cross-section (see  FIG. 3 ). For example, in example forms, the applicator  24  generally comprises a width W 1  that is generally greater than its height or thickness T 1  (see  FIGS. 5-6 ). In some example forms, the width W 1  is generally between about 3.5 millimeters to about 6.5 millimeters, more preferably about 5.814 millimeters, and the thickness T 1  is generally between about 2 millimeters to about 5 millimeters, more preferably about 3.814 millimeters. Optionally, the applicator  24  can be shaped as desired, for example, extending generally linearly, curved, arcuate, hooked or otherwise extending as desired, having the shape of a rounded cylinder or flattened cylinder, and can be symmetric or asymmetric. Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape can be generally oval, ellipse, generally circular, or otherwise shaped as desired. According to some example forms, the applicator  24  comprises a substantially smooth outer periphery  26  having a generally radiused end  30  defined at the first end  12  of the fluid transfer member  20  and a generally radiused transition  32  defined between the applicator  24  and the flange  60  (see  FIG. 6 ). 
     Referring back to  FIG. 2 , the ENFit compatible coupling  34  generally comprises a central transfer port  36  that is generally centrally positioned within an outer collar member  40 . In example forms, the outer collar member  40  comprises an internally threaded portion  42  for providing removable engagement with the ribs R of the female coupling FC (see  FIGS. 2 and 7 ). The lumen  22  is generally axially positioned with the transfer port  36 , which extends from the second end  14  near the port  36  to the first end  12  near the end of the oral delivery applicator  24 . Optionally, in some example forms, the coupling  34  only comprises the central transfer port, for example, such that the coupling  34  is in the form of a non-threaded, slip-fit connector. In example forms, the coupling  34  of the oral administration coupler  10  forms a fluid-tight, leak-proof seal with the female coupling FC of the syringe S, for fluid delivery from the syringe through the oral administration coupler. 
     In example embodiments, the oral administration coupler  10  is preferably sized and shaped to provide for oral insertion and dispensing of fluids near the cheek area of a child or infant. Furthermore, the flange  60  of the oral administration coupler  10  is generally sized to be substantially large for preventing a child or infant from choking on the coupling. According to one example form, the oral delivery applicator  24  defines a length L 1  extending between the first and second ends  12 ,  14  thereof, and the flange  60  defines an outer periphery  62  defining a diameter D 1  (see  FIGS. 3 and 6 ). According to example forms, the length L 1  is generally between about 15 to about 35 millimeters, more preferably about 25 millimeters, and about 20.350 millimeters according to one example embodiment. The diameter D 1  of the flange  60  is generally between about 20 millimeters to about 40 millimeters, more preferably about 30 millimeters, and about 32.835 millimeters according to one example embodiment. Optionally, according to additional example embodiments of the present invention, the length L 1  and the diameter D 1  can be chosen as desired. 
     As depicted in  FIG. 6 , the central transfer port  36  generally extends beyond the flange  60 . However, according to other example embodiments of the present invention, the central transfer port  36  can be shortened (or the flange  60  can be extended) such that the central transfer port  36  is generally recessed within the flange  60 . 
     In the depicted embodiment, the flange  60  is generally circular in shape and projects generally outwardly and radially from the central fluid transfer member  20 , for example, so as to form a generally circular skirt-like flange extending from the fluid transfer member  20 . As described above and shown in  FIG. 7 , the flange  60  comprises the radiused transition  32  formed with the oral delivery applicator  24 , and an outer portion of the flange  60  generally comprises a radiused surface profile  64  that extends to the outer periphery  62 . Preferably, the transitions, contours or other geometrical shapes of the flange  60  can be chosen as desired. In some example forms, the flange  60  generally comprises an undulating profile having one or more peaks and valleys, or a portion of one or both. Preferably, the flange  60  substantially shields the connection of the coupler  10  with the syringe S, for example, so as to substantially prevent the connection from being exposed to the human or animal patient receiving the fluids from the syringe. Preferably, the radiused surface profile (including the radiused transition  32 ) provides for a comfortable contact surface with the patient, for example, when the applicator  24  is inserted to deliver the fluids. 
     In some example forms, one or more insets, indents or recesses  66  can be formed with the flange  60 . For example, as shown in  FIGS. 1, 3, 5 and 6 , the a pair of generally radially-shaped recesses  66  are formed within a portion of the flange  60  generally near the radiused transition  32 , for example, generally positioned between the oral delivery applicator  24  and the flange  60 . In some forms, the recesses  66  act as mold reliefs such that the oral administration coupler  10  can be appropriately molded, for example, by plastic injection molding. Alternatively the recesses  66  can serve as vents or suction relief ports. 
     In example forms, the ENFit female coupling FC is substantially large (size and volume-wise) relative to known couplings, and thus, when withdrawing and dispensing a liquid medication or nutrients to/from the syringe, it is highly probable that a substantially large discrepancy lies between the amount of liquid filled into the syringe relative to the amount of liquid dispensed therefrom, thereby altering the accuracy of the dosage. In some forms, for example when dealing with small doses, a small volume difference may result in 15% or more in the dose difference. 
     In some example forms, a pharmacy coupler is used to fill the syringe, which has a male tip that displaces the volume of the syringe tip. Preferably, the volume of the oral administration coupling generally matches the volume displaced by the pharmacy coupler, thereby ensuring that the volume of the dose delivered from the oral administration coupling is the volume of the dose filled within the syringe. Thus, according to one form, the lumen size is controlled such that the administered dose is accurate. In example forms, the invention optionally includes a multi-component enteral fluid dispensing and delivery system, for example comprising any two or more of a pharmacy coupler, a syringe, a closure cap, and/or an oral administration coupler, for example according to any of the forms disclosed herein. 
     In preferred forms, the fluid volume path is substantially the same volume in the female coupling FC as the male ENFit connector or male coupling portion extending from within a portion of the presently claimed coupling. For example, as depicted in  FIG. 7 , a volume V 1  is defined within the female coupling FC and within a portion of the lumen  22  of the coupling, which is generally about 60 mm 3 . Optionally, the volume defined therein can be between about 40 mm 3  to about 70 mm 3 , more preferably about 50 mm 3 . As such, a volume V 2  is defined within the lumen  22  generally extending through the delivery applicator  24 , which comprises a length L 2  and a diameter D 2 . Preferably, the volume V 1  is substantially similar to the volume V 2 , for example, which is generally between about ±1 mm 3 . For example, the length L 2  is defined between the first end  12  and the end of the female connector FC or a cut-off plane CP. In some example forms, the lumen  22  adjacent the applicator  24  comprises a substantially uniform diameter D 2 , which defines the volume V 2 . Optionally, the lumen can comprise some taper or draft such that the diameter of the lumen  22  varies along the length L 2 . 
     According to example forms, the length L 2  of the lumen  22  within the applicator  24  can be chosen as desired, for example, which will affect the diameter D 2  (and length L 1 ) to ensure the volume V 2  is substantially similar to the volume V 1 . According to example forms, the length L 2  can generally be between about 20 millimeters to about 50 millimeters and generally comprise the volume V 2  of about 60 mm 3 . For example, according to example forms, when the length L 2  is about 20 millimeters, the diameter D 2  is about 1.95 millimeters and the volume V 2  is about 59.7 mm 3 ; when the length L 2  is about 25 millimeters, the diameter D 2  is about 1.75 millimeters and the volume V 2  is about 60.13 mm 3 ; when the length L 2  is about 30 millimeters, the diameter D 2  is about 1.60 millimeters and the volume V 2  is about 60.32 mm 3 ; when the length L 2  is about 35 millimeters, the diameter D 2  is about 1.47 millimeters and the volume V 2  is about 59.4 mm 3 ; when the length L 2  is about 40 millimeters, the diameter D 2  is about 1.38 millimeters and the volume V 2  is about 59.83 mm 3 ; and when the length L 2  is about 50 millimeters, the diameter D 2  is about 1.25 millimeters and the volume V 2  is about 61.4 mm 3 . Optionally, other lengths and diameters can be chosen as desired, for example, to ensure the volume V 2  is substantially similar to the volume V 1 . 
       FIGS. 8-9  show an oral administration coupler  100  according to another example embodiment of the present invention. As depicted, the coupler  100  comprises a central fluid transfer member  120  having an oral administration applicator  124  and an ENFit compatible coupling  134 , and whereby a lumen  122  is generally defined therein and extends between the ends thereof. A flange  160  generally extends outwardly from the central fluid transfer member and generally between the oral administration applicator  124  and the coupling  134 . In example embodiments, the outer periphery  162  of the flange  160  is generally non-circular, for example, having two generally opposing radiused ends defining a width W 2  and a height H 1 . In example forms, the width W 2  is at least partially larger than the height H 1 . In example forms, the oral administration applicator  124  is generally similar to the applicator  24  as described above. 
     According to example form, the collar  140  of ENFit compatible coupling  134  can be configured to have one or more resilient and partially flexible clips or fingers  150 , for example about four fingers  150  generally spaced radially around the port  136 , for providing a push-on or snap-fit coupling engagement with the female connector FC of the syringe S (see  FIG. 10 ). Thus, optionally, instead of screwing or rotating one of the oral administration coupler  100  or female connector FC relative to the other to provide engagement therebetween, the female connector FC can optionally be generally axially advanced relative to the coupling  134  so that the coupler  100  becomes removably engaged with the syringe S. In example forms, the flexible fingers  150  generally flex outwardly such that the female connector FC can become engaged with the connector  134 , for example, thereby causing the ribs R to become engaged with the internal threaded portion  142 . In example forms, the female connector FC and the ribs R thereof being generally axially advanced relative to the fingers  150  causes the ribs R to become engaged with the threaded portion  142  of the fingers  150 , and wherein further axial advancement of the female connector FC enables the ribs R to cause outward flexure of the fingers  150 , and then back to a neutral state, for example, wherein the ribs are generally removably engaged with the threaded portion  142 . In example forms, to remove the coupler  100  from the female connector FC of the syringe S, one of the coupler  100  or the female connector FC is generally rotated relative to the other of the coupler  100  or female connector FC. 
       FIGS. 11-15  show the oral administration coupler  100  having yet another modified ENFit compatible coupling. As depicted, the coupling  134  comprises a locking hub connection whereby the female connector FC is substantially permanently connected once coupled therewith. For example, the coupling preferably comprises a pair of clips  152  extending outwardly on opposite sides of each other, and the sides generally adjacent the clips comprise substantially rigid supports or guide tabs  154 . As shown in  FIG. 12 , the clips generally comprise at least one or more ribs or threads  156  on an internal portion thereof, which preferably provide for interengagement with the ribs R of the female coupling FC. However, as shown in  FIG. 13 , the guide tabs  154  do not comprise any threads and are substantially thicker than the clips. Thus, during engagement of the female coupling FC with the coupler  100 , the ribs R are generally oriented to interengage with the threads of the clips. Preferably, the clips are at least partially flexible such that the ribs R of the female coupling FC pass by the threads of the clips when the clips are forced to flex outwardly. Once the coupling is coupled to the female coupling FC, the coupling is prevented from rotating due to the guide tabs interfering with the ribs R of the female coupling FC. Furthermore, the clips are at least partially rigid such that the female connector is generally prevented from being pulled apart from the female coupling FC. 
     Optionally, as depicted in  FIGS. 14-15 , the distal end of the coupling may be provided with a cap or closure  180 . In example forms, the closure  180  is generally shaped similarly to the distal end of the coupling and comprises a nipple therein for extending within the lumen  122  of the coupling. Preferably, the closure  180  may be shaped and sized as desired. Typically, the closure  180  will generally be shaped and sized to provide a generally tight yet removable fit with the distal end of the coupling, for example, which may be in the form a friction fit connection, a twist-on and/or snap-on, or other connections as desired. According to some example forms, the closure  180  may be permanently coupled with the distal end of the coupling once coupled thereto. In some example forms, the closure  180  is tethered with the coupling but without interfering with the administration of fluids from the distal end thereof. As depicted, the closure  180  is a separate piece. Preferably, the closure prevents fluids that may be within the lumen of the coupling from exiting therefrom. 
     In further example embodiments, the ENFit compatible coupling  134  that is configured for the push-on or snap-fit coupling engagement (e.g., having the fingers  150 ) or the locking hub connection (e.g., having the clips  152  and the tabs  154 ) can be used with a variety of other enteral delivery couplers or other enteral connectors or couplings as desired. For example, according to some example forms, the coupling  134  configured for push-on coupling engagement or the locking hub connection (as shown in  FIGS. 10-15 ) can be configured for use with enteral couplings, connectors or other devices or members configured for engagement with an ENFit female connector FC. Thus, alternative aspects of the invention include the coupling itself, apart from the oral administration coupler, according to any of the disclosed example embodiments, which coupling is adaptable for use in connection with various other forms of fluid delivery devices, in addition to an oral administration coupler as depicted. 
       FIGS. 16-19  show an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention. As depicted, the oral administration coupler  200  generally comprises a central fluid transfer member  220  having an oral administration applicator  224  and an ENFit compatible coupling  234 , and whereby a lumen  222  is generally defined therein and extends between the ends thereof. A flange  260  generally extends outwardly from the central fluid transfer member and generally between the oral administration applicator  224  and the coupling  234 . In example embodiments, the outer periphery  262  of the flange  260  is generally non-circular, for example, having two generally opposite radiused ends defining a width W 2  and a height H 1 . In example forms, the width W 2  is at least slightly larger than the height H 1 . According to one form as depicted in  FIG. 19 , the flange  260  is generally at least partially curved towards the end of the central fluid transfer member  220  having the oral administration applicator  224 . Optionally, the flange  260  can be shaped as desired. 
       FIGS. 20-21  show an oral administration coupler  300  according to another example embodiment of the present invention. As depicted, the oral administration coupler  300  generally comprises a central fluid transfer member  320  having an oral administration applicator  324  and an ENFit compatible coupling  334 . A lumen  322  is formed within the central fluid transfer member and extends entirely through the applicator  324  and the coupling  334 . A flange  360  generally extends outwardly from the central fluid transfer member and generally between the oral administration applicator  224  and the coupling  234 . In example embodiments, the outer periphery  262  of the flange  260  is generally circular in shape. Similarly, the oral administration applicator  324  is generally cylindrical in shape and comprises a generally circular cross-section. In example forms, a radiused transition  332  is provided for defining a smooth transition between the oral administration applicator  324  and the outer surface of the flange  260 . Optionally, as shown in  FIGS. 22-24 , the oral administration coupler  300  can comprise one or more vents  367  to mitigate potential choking hazards and to act as a channel for permitting fluids to flow therethrough, for example, which may be otherwise contained within the coupler  300 . In example forms, two vents  367  are generally positioned on opposite sides of the central fluid transfer member and generally extend entirely through the flange  360 . 
       FIGS. 25-28  shows an oral administration coupler  400  according to another example embodiment of the present invention. As depicted, the oral administration coupler  400  is generally elongate and extends generally linearly from a first end to a second end. For example, as similarly described above, the coupler  400  comprises an oral administration applicator  424  for orally administering the fluids and an ENFit compatible coupling  434  for coupling with the female connector FC of the syringe S. A lumen (unshown) extends entirely through the coupler  400 , for example, to allow fluids from the syringe S to be delivered to the human or animal patient. In example forms, the applicator  424  is generally elongate and has a substantially circular cross-sectional shape. 
     In example forms, the coupler  400  defines a length L 3 , which can preferably be sized accordingly. For example, the length L 3  of the coupler  400  shown in  FIG. 25  is about 30 millimeters, the length L 3  of the coupler  400  shown in  FIG. 26  is about 45 millimeters, the length L 3  of the coupler  400  shown in  FIG. 27  is about 30 millimeters, and the length L 3  of the coupler  400  shown in  FIG. 28  is about 50 millimeters. Optionally, the length L 3  can be chosen as desired, for example, which is generally between about 15 millimeters to about 60 millimeters, more preferably between about 30 millimeters to about 50 millimeters. In example embodiments, the length L 3  is generally at least about 1.25-1.75 times larger than the width or diameter of the coupling  434 . In some example forms, the length L 3  is generally 2-3 times larger than the diameter of the coupling  434 . 
     As depicted in  FIGS. 25-26 , the applicator  424  comprises a generally elongate post-like nozzle, which generally comprises a substantially similar cross-section until transitioning to the coupling  424 , for example, where the diameter of the cross-section substantially increases. However, as depicted in  FIGS. 27-28 , the applicator  424  generally comprises a horn-shaped tip wherein the diameter of the cross-section at the end of the applicator  424  (e.g., first end) is generally larger than the diameter of the cross-section at a middle portion or midsection of the applicator  424 . Optionally, the applicator  424  can be shaped and sized as desired. 
     According to one example embodiment, the applicators  324 ,  424  as described here can preferably be compatible for engagement with legacy enteral/oral connectors. For example, in some example embodiments, the applicators  324 ,  424  are preferably sized for engagement with a legacy style connector to draw fluids from a container or pharmacy bottle. In another embodiment, the applicators  324 ,  424  (and/or lumens extending therethrough) can be configured for coupling engagement with one or more components of a legacy style system or other legacy components, for example, such as a legacy style feeding tube. 
       FIGS. 29-30  show an oral administration coupler  500  according to another example embodiment of the present invention. As depicted, the coupler  500  is generally similar to the coupler  10  as described above. In example forms, the coupler  500  generally comprises a central fluid transfer member  520  having an oral administration applicator  524  and an ENFit compatible coupling  534 . Preferably, a lumen  522  is generally defined within the applicator  534  and the coupling  534 , and extends entirely between the ends thereof. A flange  560  generally extends outwardly from the central fluid transfer member and generally between the oral administration applicator  524  and the coupling  534 . In example embodiments, the outer periphery  562  of the flange  560  is generally circular, for example, which is substantially similar to the flange  60  of the coupler  10  (see  FIGS. 1-7 ). Furthermore, as similarly described above, the applicator  524  is generally in the form of an irregular or asymmetric nipple, which is generally duckbilled in shape and having a generally non-circular or oval cross-section. Optionally, the applicator can be shaped as desired. Similarly to the flange  60 , the flange  560  comprises a radiused transition  532  formed with the oral delivery applicator  524 , and an outer portion of the flange  560  generally comprises a radiused surface profile  564  that extends to the outer periphery  562 . Preferably, the flange  560  is generally substantially symmetrical and comprises a substantially smooth and radiused outer surface. 
     According to additional example embodiments, the oral administration coupler can be formed such that a threaded syringe tip is capable of interengagement therewith. According to one example embodiment, the threaded syringe tip and couplers for compatible engagement with the threaded syringe tip are generally not formatted according to the ISO 80369-3 standard. However, according to other example embodiments, the threaded syringe tip and compatible couplers are generally at least compatible with the ISO 80369-3 standard. For example,  FIGS. 31-34  show an oral administration coupler  600  that is generally similar to the couplers as described above, for example, which generally comprises a central fluid transfer member  620  comprising an oral administration applicator  624 , a coupling  634 , and a flange  660  generally outwardly extending from the central fluid transfer member  620 . Preferably, the coupling  634  comprises a central port  636  defining a lumen  622  extending through the central fluid transfer member  620 , and a collar  640  is generally positioned to substantially surround the central port  636 . Preferably, the collar  640  comprises a threaded internal portion  642  for providing removable engagement with helical threads T of a threaded tip TT of a syringe (see also  FIGS. 31-34 ). According to some example forms, the threads T of the threaded tip TT comprise a thread pitch TP of about 2.45 millimeters and an outer diameter D 3  of about 6.657 millimeters (see  FIG. 33A ), and the threaded internal portion of the coupling preferably has dimensions to provide a complementary fit therewith. Optionally, other dimensions may be provided as desired. As depicted in  FIG. 34 , the volume path V 1  defined between the coupling and the threaded tip TT is generally between about 0.005-0.10 ml, more preferably about 0.02 ml. 
       FIG. 35  shows a coupler  600  according to another example embodiment of the present invention. As depicted, the coupler  600  preferably comprises about four clips  650  and wherein the internal portions thereof comprises a threaded portion for interengagement with the threads T of the threaded tip TT. According to some example forms, the coupler  600  is configured to be coupled to the threaded tip TT by generally axially moving one of the coupling or threaded tip TT towards the other. During movement therebetween, the clips  650  are capable of generally flexing outwardly to allow for the threaded internal portion of the coupling to pass over the threads T of the threaded tip. To disengage the coupling from the threaded tip TT, the coupling  600  is generally unscrewed from the threaded tip. 
       FIG. 36  shows a coupler  600  according to another example embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the coupler  600  comprises locking clips  652  formed near the threaded internal portion of the coupling such that the coupling is incapable of being removed from the threaded tip TT of the syringe. For example, once the threaded tip TT is inserted within the coupling  634  and the threads or interengagement features therein interengage with the threads T of the threaded tip TT, the coupling is substantially permanently engaged with the threaded tip TT. As similarly described above, the clips  652  are generally at least partially flexible and the guide tabs  654  are generally rigid and comprise a greater thickness than the clips. Optionally, as depicted in  FIG. 36 , a cap or closure  680  may be provided with the coupling such that fluids a prevented from flowing from the end of the coupling. Furthermore, as recited above, the cap  680  may be in a variety of shapes and forms to removably or permanently couple with the distal end of the coupling. According to some example forms, the cap is generally a separate piece which may be separable from the coupler. According to other example forms, the closure  680  is tethered to the coupler  600 . According to some example forms, the tether does not inhibit the administration of fluids orally. 
     In example forms, the oral administration coupling is generally formed from a rigid material (&gt;700 MPA as per the ISO standard). Optionally, the coupling may be formed from a flexible, elastomeric material. Further optional, the oral administration coupling can be formed from two or more materials, for example, at least one rigid material and at least one flexible, elastomeric material. In some example forms, the coupling can be formed from materials of one or more colors and/or may be at least partially translucent or clear, for example, such that the fluid or nutrients flowing therethrough are visible to the human eye. Optionally, the coupling can be in the formed from light protecting materials, for example, reflecting or blocking UV or other wavelengths to reduce or eliminate damage to contents by light. As depicted in the figures, the coupling is generally linear (e.g., straight). Optionally, the coupling can be curved, angled, or otherwise shaped as desired. Optionally, an end portion of the coupling (e.g., applicator) may be shaped to be generally round, oval, crescent, rectangular, flat, radiused, other otherwise shaped as desired. Optionally, the end portion of the coupling may be shaped similarly to an enteral only syringe tip. 
     According to additional example embodiments of the present invention, the coupling may be provided as an accessory to a bottle or variable-volume container, for example, as disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/191,721, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Optionally, according to additional example embodiments of the present invention, the oral administration coupling as shown throughout the figures can be provided as an accessory to a variable-volume syringe comprising a modified ENFit coupling comprising a dosing control coupling, for example, as disclosed in U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/210,282, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. According to example forms, the dosing control coupling preferably provides for a more accurate output of fluids from the syringe relative to the volume of fluids filled within the syringe, for example, so that the administered dose delivered to the patient is substantially accurate. 
     For example, as depicted in  FIG. 37 , the syringe S comprises a female connector FC, which further comprises a lumen extension tip  800  that is generally axially aligned (and coaxial and concentric) with the female connector FC and comprising a lumen  810  therein for communicating with the internal cavity or chamber of the variable volume container or syringe S. As such, the female connector FC is generally removably coupled to an ENFit compatible coupling  734  of an oral administration coupler  700 . As depicted, the oral administration coupler  700  is generally substantially similar to the oral administration coupler  10  as described above, for example, and comprising a fluid transfer member  720  extending between a first end and a second end, and wherein the first end comprises an oral administration applicator  734  and the second end comprises the ENFit compatible coupling  734  for providing engagement with the female connector FC of the syringe (and the lumen extension tip  800 ) axially extending therein. Furthermore, a flange  760  generally extends outwardly in a circumferential manner to define a generally cylindrical shape. 
     In example forms, the lumen extension tip  800  preferably generally extends entirely within the lumen of the port  736 , and comprises the lumen  810  therein for generally communicating with the lumen  722  that is generally axially centered within the generally linear extension of the applicator  734 . Preferably, with the lumen extension tip  800  provided within the female connector FC, the volume equivalence (see  FIG. 7 ) generally becomes less important, for example, since the volume of the lumen  722  is substantially decreased by introduction of the lumen extension tip  800  within the lumen of the port  736 . Thus, according to example forms, the size of the lumen  722  that is not occupied by the lumen extension tip  800  (e.g., V 1 ) can be varied, for example, between about 0.0005 mL to about 0.02 mL, more preferably between about 0.0015 mL to about 0.015 mL, for example about no more than 0.01 mL according to one example embodiment. 
     As similarly described with respect to  FIG. 7  and the coupler  10 , preferably one or more dimensions of the coupler  700  can be configured as desired, for example, the diameter D 1 , the length L 1 , the width W 1 , the thickness T 1 , the length L 2  and the diameter D 2 . 
     According to another example embodiment, the present invention relates to a method of designing a fluid delivery device comprising calculating a volume of at least a portion of a fluid delivery path of a first fluid delivery device; and designing a fluid delivery path of a second fluid delivery device to substantially match the fluid delivery path volume of the first fluid delivery device. In example forms, the first fluid delivery device comprises a pharmacy coupler for transferring fluids from a container to a syringe. Generally, the second fluid delivery device comprises an oral administration coupler for delivering fluids from a syringe to a cheek area of a child or infant. 
     According to additional example embodiments of the present invention, oral delivery of fluids and/or medication can be configured for back-of-mouth delivery, for example, such that the output of fluids from the coupler, syringe or other accessory is such that the tongue of the patient receiving the fluids is bypassed. In some example forms, for example, when medications are to be delivered orally, it may be advantageous to deliver the medications beyond the tongue of the patient, thereby substantially eliminating the patient&#39;s tongue (and taste buds thereof) from coming into contact with the medicine, which can be substantially distasteful. Thus, when medications or other fluids are delivered beyond the tongue of the patient, the patient is less likely to taste the medications, and therefore reduces the likelihood of the patient gagging or spitting out the medication or fluids to be delivered. Moreover, delivering the medications or fluids to the back of the mouth of the patient further ensures that the proper dose is delivered and ingested by the patient. 
       FIGS. 38-39  show an oral administration coupler  900  according to another example embodiment of the present invention. In example embodiments, the coupler  900  is substantially similar to the couplers  10 ,  700  as described above. As depicted in  FIG. 38 , a generally elongate straw or flexible conduit or tube  970  couples with the coupler  900 , for example, wherein at least a portion of the tube  970  is engaged within the lumen  922  of the oral delivery applicator. Thus, the tube  970  extends from the oral delivery applicator  924  in a direction generally opposite the second end. In example embodiments, the tube  970  comprises a length of between about 30-120 millimeters and can be formed from any available French gauge (Fr) tube as desired. According to one example embodiment, the tube  970  is substantially flexible, comprises a length L 4  of about 40 millimeters and is sized to be a 4 Fr tube. Optionally, other size tubes can be chosen as desired. In some example embodiments, the tube  970  comprises one or more graduations or markings  972  thereon, for example, to assist in the measurement of the dosage quantity. Optionally, the tube  970  can be substantially clear and free from any marking or graduations. According to one example embodiment, the tube  970  is generally frictionally engaged with the lumen  922  of the coupler  900 . Optionally, the tube  970  can be integrally formed with the lumen or otherwise be permanently secured therewith. As depicted in  FIG. 39 , a portion of the lumen  922  near the end of the oral delivery applicator can be generally bored or comprise a greater diameter to allow for proper fitting engagement with the tube  970 . Optionally, as depicted with respect to the couplers  10 ,  700 , the lumen can be substantially uniform throughout the entirety of the central fluid transfer member. 
       FIGS. 40-42  show an oral administration coupler  1000  according to another example embodiment of the present invention. As depicted, the oral administration coupler  1000  is generally similar to the couplers as described above, for example, comprising a central fluid transfer member  1020  extending from a first end  1012  to a second end  1014 , and an outer flange  1060  generally positioned between the first and second ends of the central fluid transfer member  1020  and extending generally outwardly therefrom. In example embodiments, the central fluid transfer member  1020  comprises an elongate stem or oral delivery applicator  1024  at the first end  1012  of the fluid transfer member  1020  and an ENFit compatible coupling or connector  1034  positioned at the second end  1014  of the fluid transfer member  1020 . In example forms, the oral delivery applicator  1024  generally extends in a direction that is substantially opposite to the direction of the extension of the connector  1034 . The flange  1060  is generally integrally formed with the fluid transfer member  1020  between the first and second ends  1012 ,  1014  of the fluid transfer member  1020 . Optionally, the flange  1060  can be a separate piece for permanent or removable coupling engagement with the central fluid transfer member  1020 . 
     As described above, the connector  1034  is generally configured for removable coupling and sealing engagement with the female connector FC of the syringe S (see  FIG. 42 ) so that fluids can be transferred through the coupling and orally administered to a human or animal patient by actuation of a plunger movably mounted within the syringe S. Preferably, a lumen  1022  is provided within the fluid transfer member  1020  and extends between the first and second ends  1012 ,  1014 , for example, through the entirety of both the oral delivery applicator  1024  and the ENFit compatible coupling  1034 , providing fluid communication from the inlet end  1014  of the coupler  1000  at the syringe S, to the outlet end  1012  of the coupler at the delivery applicator  1024 . In example embodiments, the oral administration coupler  1000  defines a length L 6  of between about 15 millimeters to about 60 millimeters, for example about 30 millimeters according to one example embodiment. Optionally, the length L 6  can be less than about 15 millimeters or greater than about 60 millimeters. 
     In example embodiments, the oral delivery applicator  1024  is generally substantially cylindrical or generally uniformly rounded or circular and has a generally circular cross-section. As depicted in  FIG. 42 , the delivery applicator comprises a length L 7  of between about 5 millimeters to about 50 millimeters, for example about 18 millimeters to about 20 millimeters according to one example embodiment. In example embodiments, the oral delivery applicator  1024  comprises a diameter D 4  proximal the first end  1012  and a diameter D 5  generally near the applicator&#39;s  1024  engagement with the flange  1060 . In example embodiments, the diameter D 4  is generally between about 3 millimeters to about 6.5 millimeters and the diameter D 5  is generally between about 3.5 millimeters to about 8 millimeters. Optionally, according to additional example embodiments, the oral delivery applicator  1024  can be sized and shaped as desired, and for example, extend a desired length. According to one example embodiment, a generally radiused transition is provided between the oral delivery applicator  1024  and the flange  1060 , for example, as similarly described and shown in  FIG. 7 . However, according to some example embodiments, a less radiused transition, or generally no transition at all need be provided between the oral delivery applicator  1024  and the flange  1060 , for example, wherein an included angle of between about 75 to about 135 degrees is defined between the extension of the oral delivery applicator  1024  and the flange  1060 . 
     According to one example embodiment, the applicators  1024  can preferably be compatible for engagement with legacy enteral/oral connectors. For example, in some example embodiments, the applicator  1024  is preferably sized for engagement with a legacy style connector to draw fluids from a container or pharmacy bottle (e.g., with the legacy style connector fitted with the bottle). In another embodiment, the applicator  1024  (and/or lumen  1022  extending therethrough) can be configured for coupling engagement with one or more components of a legacy style system or other legacy components, for example, such as a legacy style feeding tube. 
     In example embodiments, the flange  1060  is generally non-circular in shape and comprises a radiused surface profile  1064 , for example, such that the flange is generally transitioning or substantially extending generally outwardly and towards the second end  1014 . Optionally, the flange can have a generally circular or rounded shape as desired. In example embodiments, at least one opening, vent or hole  1074  can be formed through one or more portions of the flange  1060  as desired. In example embodiments, about four openings are formed in the syringe. In additional example embodiments, a plurality of openings can be formed in the syringe as desired, for example, of a desirable size, shape and position. Optionally, the quantity, size, shape, etc. of the openings  1074  can be chosen as desired. In example embodiments, the size or volume of the lumen  1022  of the oral administration coupler  1000  that is not occupied by the female coupler FC of the syringe S (when attached thereto) is between about 0.0005 mL to about 0.1 mL. According to one example embodiment, the female coupler FC of the syringe can comprise a lumen extension tip to further improve dosing accuracies (see also  FIG. 37 ). For example, the female coupler FC of the syringe S can comprise a lumen extension tip generally positioned coaxially and concentrically within the female coupler FC, for example such that the lumen extension tip can be fitted within the lumen  1022  of the transfer port  1036  of the ENFit compatible coupling  1034  when the female coupler FC is coupled with the ENFit compatible coupling  1034 . 
       FIGS. 43-44  show an oral administration coupler according to another example embodiment of the present invention. As depicted, the oral administration coupler  1100  is generally similar to the oral administration coupler  400  as described above. In example embodiments, the coupler  1100  comprises an oral administration applicator  1124  for orally administering fluids and an ENFit compatible coupling  1134  for coupling with the female connector FC of the syringe S. A lumen  1122  extends entirely through the coupler  1100 , for example, to allow fluids from the syringe S to be delivered to the human or animal patient. In some example embodiments, the lumen  1122  defines an internal diameter D 6  of about 2.18 millimeters at an end proximal the applicator  1124  and an internal diameter D 7  is defined proximal the coupling  1134 . In example embodiments, the diameter D 6  is between about 1 millimeter to about 3 millimeters, for example about 2.18 millimeters, and the diameter D 7  is between about 1.5 millimeters to about 4.5 millimeters, for example about 2.9 millimeters. In example forms, the applicator  1124  is generally elongate and has a substantially circular cross-sectional shape. According to example embodiments, the oral administration coupler  1100  comprises a length L 8  that is generally between about 15 millimeters to about 60 millimeters. According to one example embodiment, the length L 8  is about 40 millimeters. According to example embodiments, the applicator  1124  is preferably configured to be sized and shaped to comprise compatible fittings for engagement with enteral couplings, connectors, adapters, etc. 
     For example, the applicator  1124  comprises a first coupling portion  1152  and a second coupling portion  1154 , both of which are generally adjacent each other and generally proximal the end of the applicator of the coupler  1100 . In example embodiments, the first portion  1152  is preferably sized and shaped for compatible interengagement with enteral-only (EO) formatted couplings and the second portion  1154  is preferably sized and shaped for compatible interengagement with ISO 80369-3 formatted couplings (e.g., dimensionally generally similar to ISO 80369-3 formatted male transfer port). Thereafter the second portion  1154 , an outer periphery portion of the coupler  1100  generally tapers to a generally larger diameter towards the coupling  1134 . In example embodiments, the coupler  1100  can be optionally engaged with either of enteral-only (EO) or ISO 80369-3 ENFit formatted couplings to withdraw fluids from a bottle or other vessel containing fluids, and/or the coupler  1100  can engage either of the enteral-only (EO) or ISO 80369-3 ENFit formatted couplings for outputting fluids from the syringe and within a bottle, reservoir, etc. For example, the first portion  1152  can be compatible for engagement with a female enteral-only (EO) coupling or fitting and the second portion can be compatible for engagement with an ISO 80369-3 ENFit female connector or fitting. Furthermore, the coupler  1100  can be inserted within a patient&#39;s mouth for the oral administration of fluids. Preferably, a substantially smooth and radiused transition is provided between the first and second portions  1152 ,  1154 , for example, such that insertion within a patient&#39;s mouth to deliver fluids does not present any harm or injury to the patient. Thus, according to one example embodiment the applicator  1124  comprises a stepped end with a generally rounded profile to mitigate trauma. 
       FIGS. 45-59  show example embodiments of an oral administration coupler comprising an ENFit compatible coupling (or ISO 80369-3 formatted coupling) and a generally elongate straw or flexible conduit or tube extending therefrom, for example, which is preferably beneficial when delivering medicine or fluids to the back of the human or animal patient&#39;s mouth. In example forms, the tube is generally between about 30-120 millimeters in length, and can be formed from any available French gauge (Fr) as desired. In some example embodiments, the tube  1216  comprises one or more graduations or markings  1217  thereon, for example, to assist in the measurement of the dosage quantity. Optionally, the tube  1216  can be substantially clear and free from any marking or graduations. 
       FIGS. 45-46  show an oral administration coupler  1200  comprising a hub comprising a syringe coupling end  1212  and an applicator coupling end  1214 , and a generally elongate straw or flexible conduit or tube  1216  extending from the applicator coupling end  1214  such that an entire length L 9  of the coupler  1200  (defined between the end of the tube  1216  and the generally opposite syringe coupling end  1212 ) is generally between about 40 millimeters to about 60 millimeters. The length L 10  of the hub (e.g., extending between syringe coupling end  1212  and applicator coupling end  1214 ) is generally between about 20 millimeters to about 30 millimeters, for example about 27 millimeters according to one example embodiment. According to one example embodiment, the length L 9  is sufficient to deliver fluid from the conduit (e.g., central fluid transfer member) to a back of a child&#39;s mouth from a fluid delivery device at least partially external of the child&#39;s mouth. In example embodiments, the syringe coupling end  1212  is generally configured to be substantially similar to the ENFit compatible couplings as described above (e.g.,  34 ), for example, comprising a transfer port  1236  and an outer collar member  1240  for providing sealing engagement with the female coupling FC of the syringe S. In example embodiments, the outer collar member  1240  comprises threads  1242  defined on an internal portion thereof, and the transfer port  1236  generally axially extends relative to the collar and comprises a conduit  1222  extending therethrough. 
     In example embodiments, at least one connecting portion or wing  1260  extends generally proximal the applicator coupling end  1214  to a portion of the outer collar member  1240 , for example, to fix the outer collar member  1240  relative to the transfer port  1236 . As such, at least one vent opening  1270  provided therebetween provides fluid drainage and airflow ventilation within an annular space defined between the outer collar member  1240  and the transfer port  1236  (see  FIG. 47 ). U.S. Non-provisional patent application Ser. No. 14/844,956 shows a vented connector for medical fluid vessels including at least one connecting portion, an outer collar member, transfer port, and at least one vent opening, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. According to example embodiments, the at least one connecting portion  1260  preferably can be useful for gripping by a user&#39;s fingers during attachment/detachment of the syringe coupling end  1212  with the female coupler of the syringe S. For example, preferably the at least one connecting portion  1260  comprises an outer periphery portion  1261  tapering from a portion proximal the syringe coupling end  1212  to a portion generally adjacent the applicator coupling end  1214 . In example embodiments, the tapering transition of the at least one connecting portion  1260  preferably provides a smooth transition to mitigate trauma. 
     According to the embodiment depicted in  FIGS. 45-46 , the tube  1216  is substantially straw-like and is generally semi-rigid, for example, such that in a relaxed state the tube  1216  generally extends substantially linearly without maintaining a bend or curve-like shape. According to one example embodiment, the tube  1216  is formed from a 4 Fr gauge polyurethane straw comprising an outer diameter D 8  of between about 1.25 millimeters to about 1.45 millimeters and an inner diameter D 9  of between about 0.6 millimeters to about 1.35 millimeters (see also  FIG. 60 ). 
     In other example embodiments, as will be described in greater detail below, the straw or tube of the oral administration coupler can be formed from one or more materials, for example, which can be flexible, partially flexible, substantially flexible, partially rigid, substantially rigid, or otherwise provide sufficient flexibility and rigidity as desired. In some example embodiments, the straw or tube comprises a feeding tube, conduit or vessel. Preferably, the one or more materials forming the tubes, straws, etc. can be polyvinyl chloride (PVC), silicon, polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP), or other materials as desired. In some example embodiments, the components of the coupler are integrally connected together as one piece. In other example embodiments, at least one component of the coupler is a separate piece and the components are assembled after the manufacture thereof. In yet another example embodiment, one or more components of the coupler can be manufactured by over-molding one or more components atop one or more separate components of the coupler. Preferably, in the case where the coupler comprises two or more separate pieces, one or more interengagement features, couplings, receivers, etc. can be provided to provide a coupled and substantially permanent connection between the two pieces. In example embodiments, the tube  1216  is attached and secured in place with a good seal with one or more portions of the coupler (e.g., applicator coupling end), for example, by conventional structures such as crimps, adhesives, or other attachment couplings (e.g., a barbed end and/or collar), etc. 
       FIGS. 47-48  show the oral administration coupler  1200  removably coupled with the female coupler FC of the syringe S. In example embodiments, a clamp can be provided for temporarily closing or sealing the tube  1216  when not in use (e.g., generally for purposes of storing or transporting). In some example forms, a tab ST can be provided on the syringe, for example, which comprises a slit or clamp-like feature STO (or slide lock) such that the tube can be temporarily clamped (see  FIG. 47 ) or can generally extend longitudinally from the applicator coupling end  1214  (see  FIG. 48 ) when it is desired to administer medicine or fluids to the back of the mouth of a human or animal patient. According to one example embodiment, the tab clamp feature STO comprises a generally rectangular channel that is generally sized to provide substantial frictional engagement with the tube  1216 , for example, to generally clamp to the tube and substantially (if not entirely) close or seal the conduit thereof. Optionally, the clamp feature STO can comprise one or more rounded or radiused surfaces, for example, to generally confirm to the curvature of the tube  1216 . In example embodiments, a cap, sleeve, sheath or other cover/protector can be provided for fitting on the tube for protection and sanitary purposes. Preferably, with the protector (e.g., sheath or other cover) fitted on the tube, the tube can still be clamped as desired. In some example forms, the sheath is sized to fit over the entirety of the tube and the ISO 80369-3 coupler. In other example forms, the sheath is sized to fit over the tube or at least a portion thereof. According to some example embodiments, the tube comprises a 4 Fr feeding tube and the clamp-like feature STO of the tab ST preferably is sized and shaped to clamp/seal the tube  1216  and conduit extending through the tube. 
     As depicted in  FIGS. 49-50 , the plunger P of the syringe S comprises a tube PE extending therefrom, which preferably extends through the tube  1216  that is extending from the coupler  1200 . In example embodiments, the tube  1216  is preferably sized such that the inner diameter of the conduit extending therethrough is at least about the size of the outer diameter of the tube PE of the plunger. In some example embodiments, the plunger tube PE is preferably substantially solid without a conduit extending therethrough. Optionally, the plunger tube can comprise a conduit extending therethrough. Preferably, with the plunger P comprising a tube PE extending therefrom, the dosing accuracy is improved, for example, since the plunger tube PE occupies some (if not a substantial amount) of the volume defined within the tube  1216 . In some example embodiments, an end of the plunger P where the tube PE connects is generally tapered to transition between the size of the tube PE and the plunger P. Optionally, the plunger P can have a generally standard plunging head with a generally centrally-positioned opening formed therein for receiving the tube PE. Optionally, other connecting members of various sizes, shapes, configurations, etc. can be provided as desired for coupling the plunger P with the tube PE. 
       FIGS. 51-54  show a plurality of embodiments of the oral administration coupler  1200  withdrawing fluids from an open container or for extending through a plurality of different pharmacy bottle adaptors. For example,  FIG. 51  shows the oral administration coupler  1200  coupled with a syringe S and wherein the tube  1216  is inserted within an open container C 1  comprising a fluid to be delivered orally.  FIG. 52  shows the tube  1216  fitted with a female enteral-only fitting of a pharmacy bottle adapter B 1  that is connected to a pharmacy bottle C 2 .  FIG. 53  shows the tube  1216  inserted through a lumen of a transfer port of an ENFit pharmacy bottle adapter that is coupled with an open end of a pharmacy bottle C 3 .  FIG. 54  shows the tube  1216  inserted through a lumen of a transfer port of an ENFit compatible (ISO 80369-3 formatted) transfer lid B 3 , for example, which is preferably configured for engagement with an open end of a pharmacy bottle C 4 . U.S. Non-provisional patent application Ser. Nos. 14/960,905 and 15/440,105 show transfer lids, caps, bottle adapters, etc. for use with pharmacy bottles or other containers, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. According to one example embodiment, the tube  1216  is generally sized to allow for passing through the lumen of the bottle adapter. 
       FIGS. 55-59  show additional example embodiments of oral administration couplers. For example,  FIG. 55  shows an oral administration coupler  1300  that is generally similar to the oral administration coupler  1200  as described above. In example embodiments, the oral administration coupler  1300  comprises a hub or coupling comprising a syringe coupling end  1312  and an applicator coupling end  1314 , and a generally elongate straw or flexible conduit or tube  1316  extending from the applicator coupling end  1314  such that an entire length (L 11 +L 12 ) of the coupler  1300  (defined between the end of the tube  1316  and the generally opposite syringe coupling end  1312 ) is generally between about 30 millimeters to about 120 millimeters. According to one example embodiment, the length (L 11 +L 12 ) is about 55 millimeters and the length L 11  of the tube  1316  is between about 30 millimeters to about 42 millimeters. In example embodiments, the syringe coupling end  1312  is generally configured to be substantially similar to the ENFit compatible couplings as described above (e.g., ENFit compatible coupling  34 ), for example, comprising a transfer port and an outer collar member for providing sealing engagement with the female coupling FC of the syringe S. In example embodiments, the outer collar member comprises threads defined on an internal portion thereof, and the transfer port  1336  generally axially extends relative to the collar and comprises a conduit extending therethrough. 
     In example embodiments, a length L 12  is defined between the syringe coupling end  1312  and the applicator coupling end  1314  of the hub. In example embodiments, the length L 12  is generally between about 10 millimeters to about 16 millimeters, for example between about 12 millimeters to about 15 millimeters according to one example embodiment. In example embodiments, at least one connecting portion  1360  extends generally proximal the applicator coupling end  1314  to an end surface  1341  of the outer collar member  1340  to fix the outer collar member  1340  relative to the transfer port  1336 . As such, at least one vent opening  1370  is provided therebetween provides fluid drainage and airflow ventilation within an annular space defined between the outer collar member  1340  and the transfer port  1336 . U.S. Non-provisional patent application Ser. No. 14/844,956 shows a vented connector for medical fluid vessels including at least one connecting portion, an outer collar member, transfer port, and at least one vent opening, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. According to the depicted embodiment, the tube  1316  comprises a generally rigid and cylindrical polyurethane (PU) extrusion comprising a diameter D 10  of between about 1.5 millimeters to about 4 millimeters. Optionally, the material, flexibility, lengths L 11 , L 12  and diameter D 10  can be chosen as desired. 
     According to one example embodiment, the oral administration coupler  1300  comprises a tube  1318  connected to and extending from the applicator coupling end  1314 . The length of the coupler  1300  can be chosen as desired, for example, generally between about 20 millimeters to about 160 millimeters In example embodiments, the tube  1318  comprises an outer tube  1320  and an inner tube  1321  fitted within the lumen of the outer tube  1320 , thereby resulting in reducing the diameter of the lumen. In example embodiments, the outer tube  1320  comprises an 8 Fr feeding tube and the inner tube comprises a 4 Fr feeding tube. Optionally, feeding tubes of other sizes or other extrusions formed from other materials can be configured for adapting to the configuration of the tube  1318 . In other example embodiments, other couplers, for example, a coupler  1400  having a hub comprising a syringe coupling end  1412  and an applicator coupling end  1414  can be configured such that a tube  1416  can be secured with the applicator coupling end  1414  (see  FIG. 59 ). In example embodiments, the coupler  1400  is generally similar to the coupler  300  as shown and described above. In example embodiments, the tube  1416  comprises an outer tube and an inner tube, for example, an 8 Fr outer tube and a 4 Fr inner tube. Optionally, other tubes of different size, material and configuration (e.g., flexibility, single, outer/inner, etc.) can be chosen as desired. 
       FIG. 60  shows a plurality of volume calculations according to an example embodiment of the present invention. For example, the volume of the lumen of the tube was calculated based upon the length and inner diameter of the tube. When the inner diameter of the tube is about 1.35 millimeters, a 30 millimeter tube comprises a volume of about 0.043 cubic milliliters, a 40 millimeter tube comprises a volume of about 0.057 cubic milliliters, a 60 millimeter tube comprises a volume of about 0.086 cubic milliliters, and a 100 millimeter tube comprises a volume of about 0.143 cubic milliliters. According to another example embodiment, when the inner diameter of the tube is about 0.60 millimeters, a 30 millimeter tube comprises a volume of about 0.008 cubic milliliters, a 40 millimeter tube comprises a volume of about 0.011 cubic milliliters, a 60 millimeter tube comprises a volume of about 0.017 cubic milliliters, and a 100 millimeter tube comprises a volume of about 0.028 cubic milliliters. In other example embodiments, for example, to at least ensure the tube lumen volume about 0.1 milliliter or less, a 30 millimeter tube could have an inner diameter up to about 1.03 millimeters, a 40 millimeter tube could have an inner diameter up to about 0.89 millimeters, a 60 millimeter tube could have an inner diameter up to about 0.73 millimeters, and a 100 millimeter tube could have an inner diameter up to about 0.56 millimeters. Optionally, tubes of other lengths, inner and outer diameters, materials, etc. can be incorporated for use with any of the couplers described herein. 
       FIGS. 61-80  show a plurality of oral administration couplers according to additional example embodiments of the present invention.  FIGS. 61-67  show an oral administration coupling  1550  according to one example embodiment of the present invention. In example embodiments, the oral administration coupler  1500  comprises a syringe coupling portion  1520  (see  FIGS. 65-67 ), a tube or straw portion  1550 , and an outer collar or flange portion  1560 . Optionally, a cover or capping portion  1570  can be provided for closure of a lumen  1552  of the straw  1550 . In example embodiments, the syringe coupling portion  1520  comprises a lumen  1522  extending entirely therethrough between an ENFit compatible coupler (or ISO 80369-3 formatted coupling)  1534  and a straw connecting portion  1524 . As similarly described above, the ENFit compatible coupler  1534  comprises a transfer port  1536  and an outer collar member  1540 , and optional threads formed on an internal portion of the outer collar member  1540 . The straw connecting portion  1524  comprises a barbed end  1525  that preferably provides for sealing engagement with an end of the straw  1554 . In example embodiments, the coupling portion  1520  comprises a length L 12  of between about 22 millimeters to about 24 millimeters, for example about 23.32 millimeters according to one example embodiment. A diameter D 11  defines the size of the lumen  1522 , for example, which is generally between 1.5 millimeters to about 5 millimeters, for example about 3.2 millimeters according to one example embodiment of the present invention. In some example embodiments, the outer collar member  1540  can comprises one or more surface features  1544 , for example, to assist a user in gripping the collar  1540  for attachment of the coupling  1500  with the female coupling FC of the syringe S. In example forms, the surface features  1544  can be formed from one or more undulating patterns extending circumferentially along the outer periphery of the outer collar member  1540 . Optionally, other recesses, protrusions, wings, knurls, holes, or other features can be formed with or removed from the outer collar member  1540  as desired, for example, to provide a gripping surface or feature for grasping during installation of the syringe. 
     In example forms, a radial channel  1546  is formed generally near a midpoint of the coupling portion  1520 , for example, generally offset from an end surface  1547  of the coupling portion. As depicted in  FIGS. 61-62 , the flange portion  1560  comprises a central opening (unshown) for fitting in the radial channel  1546 . In example embodiments, the central opening of the flange portion  1560  and the radial channel  1546  are preferably sized such that a secure connection is provided therebetween. As described above, the flange portion  1560  can comprise a smooth radiused transition or outer surface  1564 . Optionally, the flange portion  1560  can be shaped and sized as desired, for example, and comprise one or more openings or vents extending therethrough. The straw  1550  comprises the lumen  1552  extending entirely therethrough and comprises a first end  1554  sealingly engaged with the straw connecting portion  1524  of the coupling portion and a second end  1556  forming an end for insertion within a human or animal patient&#39;s mouth for administering fluids orally. As described above, a cover or cap  1570  comprising a cylindrical collar  1572  extending therefrom can be removably engaged with the second end  1556  of the straw  1550 . 
       FIGS. 68-69  shows an oral administration coupler  1600  according to another example embodiment of the present invention. As depicted, the coupler  1600  comprises a lumen  1622  extending entirely through the coupler  1600  from a transfer port  1636  of an ENFit compatible coupling  1634  to an end  1674  of a straw  1670  extending from an applicator coupling end  1624 . In example embodiments, the coupler  1600  comprises a flange portion  1660  substantially similar to the flanges as described above. In example embodiments, a smooth radiused transition or outer surface  1564  is provided along an outer periphery of the flange portion  1660 . Optionally, one or more vents or openings can be formed in the flange  1660  as desired. 
       FIGS. 70-80  show a plurality of oral administration couplers  1700 ,  1800 ,  1900  and  2000  according to additional example embodiments of the present invention.  FIGS. 70-72  show a coupler  1700  comprising a generally profiled applicator coupling end  1714 , for example, generally having a taper or comprising a generally smooth and tapering transition  1716  along a generally curved path defined between the applicator coupling end  1714  and the ENFit compatible coupling end  1734 . A straw  1770  can be generally frictionally fitted with the applicator coupling end  1714 , or for example, an adhesive or coupling member can be provided for securing the straw to the applicator coupling end  1714 . In example embodiments, the applicator coupling end  1714  comprises a female port or receiver (in communication with the lumen  1722 ) for receiving at least a portion of the straw  1770 . 
     A smooth radiused or rounded transition or curved outer surface  1764  is provided on a flange portion  1760  according to an alternative example embodiment of the invention. Optionally, as depicted in  FIG. 70 , the flange  1760  need not be provided. According to some example embodiments, as described similarly above, the flange portion  1760  generally comprises a central opening that is fitted within a radial channel  1780  formed in the coupling between the ends  1714 ,  1712 . For example, according to some example embodiments, a generally solid or opaque flange  1760  can be provided. As depicted in  FIG. 72  the flange  1760  can be at least partially translucent or transparent. For example, according to some example embodiments, the flange  1761  is formed from a clear material (partially transparent or translucent) to allow for a line of sight into a patient&#39;s mouth during insertion of the end  1774  of the straw  1770 . According to example embodiments, the end  1774  comprises a profiled or rounded tip surface  1775 , and the smooth and tapering transition  1716  provide reduction to the risk of trauma during the insertion of the tube  1770  in the mouth of the patient. According to some example embodiments, the entirety of the coupling  1700  can be formed from a clear material. 
       FIGS. 73-75  show an oral administration coupler  1800  according to another example embodiment of the present invention. In example embodiments, the coupler  1800  comprises a syringe coupling end  1812  and an applicator coupling end  1814 , and a generally elongate straw or flexible conduit or tube  1870  extending from the applicator coupling end  1814  such that an entire length L 13  of the coupler  1800  (defined between the end of the tube  1874  and the generally opposite syringe coupling end  1812 ) is generally between about 40 millimeters to about 60 millimeters. As similarly described with respect to the coupler  1200 , the coupler  1800  comprises an ENFit compatible coupling  1834  defining a transfer port, an outer cylindrical collar  1840 , an applicator coupling end  1814 , at least one connecting member  1867 , a straw  1870  comprising a generally elongate cylindrical body  1872  and a rounded surface  1875  formed on an end portion  1874  thereof. In example embodiments, the straw  1870  generally comprises an outer diameter D 12  of between about 2 millimeters to about 6 millimeters, for example about 4 millimeters or about a 12 Fr polyvinylchloride (PVC) cylindrical extrusion  1872 . In example embodiments, an inner diameter D 13  of the straw  1870  is between about 0.30 millimeters to about 2 millimeters, for example about 0.56 millimeters according to one example embodiment. Optionally, other materials of various sizes (e.g., diameters and length) can be chosen as desired. At least one vent  1890  can be provided as desired and a flange  1860  can be removably coupled with a radial channel  1880 . U.S. Non-provisional patent application Ser. No. 14/844,956 shows a vented connector for medical fluid vessels including at least one connecting portion, an outer collar member, transfer port, and at least one vent opening, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
       FIGS. 76-80  show an oral administration coupler  1900  according to another example embodiment of the present invention. As depicted, the coupler  1900  is generally formed by an over-molding process, for example, wherein a portion of the component is formed from a first material, and a second component is molded over the first component and formed from a second material. For example, in example embodiments, the first component or hub comprising the ENFit compatible coupling  1934  is formed from Acrylonitrile-Butadine-Styrene (ABS) and the second component comprising the straw  1970  is formed from silicone. In example embodiments, the hub comprises the ENFit compatible coupling  1934  at one end and a barb or anchor portion  1950  at the other generally opposite end. A lumen  1922  extends entirely through the hub between the ends. In example embodiments, the anchor portion or applicator coupling end  1950  comprises a barbed end  1952  and a collar  1954  offset therefrom for providing interengagement with the over-molded straw such that the two components remain engaged together. 
     In example embodiments, the straw  1970  comprises a generally cylindrical body  1972  and an outer over-molded portion  1973  for transitioning to an outer collar portion  1940 , and for example engaging with the barbed portion  1952  and offset collar  1954 . Optionally a radial channel  1980  is formed on a portion of the hub near the midpoint thereof, for example, which can be configured to receive a flange  1960  or accept a tethered cap or other closure member for engaging the ENFit compatible coupling  1934 . According to example embodiments, one or more connecting portions or wings  1956  can extend between the barbed end  1914  and the outer cylindrical collar  1940 , and thus according to some example embodiments at least a portion of the wings  1956  generally remain exposed above the outer surface of the outer over-molded portion  1973 . In example embodiments, a length L 14  is defined between the ends of the coupler  1900 . In example embodiments, the length L 14  is between about 20 millimeters to about 160 millimeters. In example embodiments, the straw cylindrical body  1972  comprises an outer diameter D 14  and an inner diameter D 15 . In example embodiments, the diameter D 14  is between about 2 millimeters to about 6 millimeters, for example about 4 millimeters or about a 12 Fr. In example embodiments, the inner diameter D 15  of the straw  1870  is between about 0.30 millimeters to about 2 millimeters, for example about 0.56 millimeters according to one example embodiment.  FIGS. 79-80  show a substantially similar oral administration coupler  2000 . According to one example embodiment, a flange  2060  is formed with the outer over-molded portion  2073  as an integral component, for example, rather than being a separate piece and engaging with the radial channel  2080 . In example embodiments, the flange  2060  is preferably also formed from a silicone or generally at least partially translucent or transparent material such that a line of sight can be provided when inserting the straw  2070  in the mouth and administering the dose to the patient. 
       FIGS. 81-89  show a plurality of syringe-type oral administration delivery devices according to additional example embodiments of the present invention. For example,  FIGS. 81-82  show a syringe delivery device  2100  according to one example embodiment of the present invention. As depicted, the syringe delivery device  2100  generally comprises a generally elongate barrel  2110  extending from a base end  2112  to an administration end  2114 . In example embodiments, the administration end  2114  comprises a lumen extension tip, oral administration applicator or transfer port  2116  comprising a lumen  2118  extending therethrough. In example embodiments, the transfer port  2116  comprises an outer diameter D 16  and an inner diameter D 17 . The outer diameter D 16  is generally between about 2 millimeters to about 3 millimeters, for example about 2.5 millimeters according to one example embodiment. The inner diameter D 17  is generally between about 0.5 millimeters to about 2.5 millimeters, for example about 1.40 millimeters according to one example embodiment. In example embodiments, rather than coupling an oral administration coupler to a syringe for orally administering fluids or medicine by an oral delivery applicator, tube, straw, etc., the transfer port  2116  of the syringe can be inserted directly in the patient&#39;s mouth and the fluids can be delivered. In example embodiments, the accuracy of the dose being delivered by the syringe  2100  is substantially accurate. According to one example embodiment, the syringe is generally capable of containing about 1 milliliters of fluid or medicine. In other example embodiments, the syringe is sized to contain up to about 60 milliliters of fluid or medicine. In some example embodiments, a plunger comprising a modified tip can be utilized, for example, which is generally sized and shaped to fit entirely within the lumen of the transfer port  2116  such that the contained volume is substantially zero, and thus, dosing inconsistencies and anomalies in accuracy during fluid delivery are substantially, if not entirely, eliminated. U.S. Non-provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/210,282 shows a syringe comprising a lumen extension tip or transfer port and having a plunger for substantially entirely fitting within the lumen of the transfer port, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
       FIGS. 83-87  show a syringe-type delivery device  2200  according to another example embodiment of the present invention. In example embodiments, the device  2200  is generally similar to the device  2100  as described above and comprises a generally elongate barrel  2210  extending from a base end  2212  to an administration end  2214 . According to example embodiments, an administration end  2214  comprises a transfer port  2216  extending a length L 15  of between about 5 millimeters to about 15 millimeters. In example embodiments, the administration end  2214  is generally similar to the applicator end of the coupler  1100 . For example, the administration end  2214  comprises a stepped profile comprising a first coupling portion  2220 , a second coupling portion  2222 , and a third coupling portion  2224 . In example embodiments, the stepped profile comprises generally smooth and radiused transitions between the coupling portions. 
     In example embodiments, the first coupling portion  2220  comprises a transfer port substantially sized and shaped similarly to the transfer port  2116  as described above. The second coupling portion is preferably sized and shaped for compatible interengagement with enteral-only (EO) formatted couplings, and the third coupling portion  2224  is preferably sized and shaped for compatible interengagement with ISO 80369-3 formatted couplings (e.g., dimensionally generally similar to ISO 80369-3 formatted male transfer port). Thereafter the third coupling portion  2224 , an outer periphery portion of the transfer port  2216  generally tapers outwardly to the syringe body  2210 . Thus, according to example embodiments, the transfer port  2216  preferably comprises a plurality of coupling portions for providing compatible coupling engagement with a plurality of enteral couplings or formats (e.g., enteral-only (EO) or ISO 80369-3 ENFit format). According to example embodiments, a plunger P comprising an end plunging element PE can be configured for use therewith. In example embodiments, the end plunging element PE comprises a stepped profile such that when the plunger P is fully inserted within the syringe barrel  2210  the contained volume therein is substantially zero. Thus, full insertion of the plunger P within the barrel  2210  is such that the plunging element PE substantially occupies the entirety of the lumen  2218  of the transfer port  2216 . 
     For example, as depicted in  FIG. 86 , the first coupling portion  2220  is engaged with a transfer lid B 3  that is connected to a pharmacy bottle C 4 . As shown, the first coupling portion  2220  is generally inserted within a lumen defined within a male transfer port of the of the transfer lid B 3 . According to another example embodiment as depicted in  FIG. 87 , the syringe device  2200  is coupled with a press-in bottle adapter B 1  that is coupled with a pharmacy bottle C 2 . In example embodiments, the second coupling portion  2222  is engaged within a female port of the bottle adapter B 1 . In example embodiments, the bottle adapter B 1  is generally formed from an enteral-only (EO) formatted coupling and the transfer lid B 3  comprises a compatible ISO 80369-3 ENFit formatted port. As such, the syringe delivery device  2200  comprises an applicator end  2214  that is preferably compatible for coupling engagement with both enteral-only (EO) and ISO 80369-3 ENFit formatted couplings to allow for withdrawing fluids from a container. Furthermore, the applicator end  2214  can further be used for direct insertion into a patient&#39;s mouth for the oral delivery of fluids. In example embodiments, the stepped profile with smooth transitions between the coupling portions preferably mitigates the likelihood of trauma during oral administration and delivery. 
       FIGS. 88-89  show a syringe delivery device  2300  according to another example embodiment of the present invention. As depicted, the device  2300  is generally similar to the syringe devices  2100 ,  2200  as described above, for example, comprising a generally elongate barrel  2310  comprising a base end  2312  and an administration end  2314 . In example embodiments, the administration end  2314  comprises an outer collar portion  2316  and a centrally-positioned transfer port  2317 , for example, wherein a generally cylindrical cavity  2330  is formed therebetween. A lumen  2318  extends through the transfer port  2317  such that fluids can be drawn in the syringe via retraction of the plunger, or wherein actuation of the plunger provides for the delivery of fluids through the lumen  2318  and from the transfer port  2317 . Similarly, the administration end  2314  can be inserted directly into a patient&#39;s mouth for delivery of the fluids or medicine. 
     In example embodiments, the tubes, straws, applicators, etc. as described and shown in  FIGS. 38-89  can be sized and shaped as desired, and can be formed from one or more materials, for example, which can be flexible, partially flexible, substantially flexible, partially rigid, substantially rigid, or otherwise provide sufficient flexibility and rigidity as desired. Preferably, the one or more materials forming the tubes, straws, applicators, etc. can be polyvinyl chloride (PVC), silicon, polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP), or other materials as desired. For example, according to some example embodiments, a feeding tube sized between about 4 Fr to about 12 Fr can be provided and formed from any available material. In some example embodiments, the feeding tube is formed from polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Optionally, as recited above, the tube, straw, applicator can be formed from one or more other available materials as desired. According to some example embodiments, the tube, straw, applicator, etc. can be substantially soft and comfortable, for example to mitigate any trauma during oral delivery. The length or extension of the entire coupler (with tube attached) can generally range between about 20 millimeters to about 160 millimeters. Furthermore, the inner diameter or internal conduit can be sized as desired, for example, to ensure dosing inaccuracies are mitigated. According to additional example embodiments of the present invention, the couplers as described in  FIGS. 38-80  can be configured for providing for removable engagement with helical threads T of a threaded tip TT of a syringe (see  FIGS. 31-34 ). 
     According to example embodiments of the present invention, the couplers of the present invention can preferably be provided with a cover, sheath or capping member, for example, to generally cover, seal or enclose the lumen or other portions of the coupler such that the entirety thereof (or at least a portion thereof) is generally protected from the elements. In some example embodiments, the cover or sheath is generally a bag-like liner or plastic sheet material or bag. In some example embodiments, a more rigid cap or cover can be fastened or secured to an end portion of the applicator. As described above, one or more portions of the syringe or other portions of the coupler can comprise a clamp or other capture portions for generally securing the applicator thereto when not in use. 
     According to example embodiments, the plurality of couplers as described herein are preferably sized, shaped and configured to not be a choking hazard. For example, according to example embodiments, the plurality of couplers shown and described herein are at least of a size and shape to comply with the ISO80369-3 choking hazard standard. According to some example embodiments as described above, one or more vents or openings can be formed in the flange to further mitigate any choking risks. 
     While the invention has been described with reference to preferred and example embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that a variety of modifications, additions and deletions are within the scope of the invention, as defined by the following claims.