Patent Publication Number: US-4224312-A

Title: Hair compositions containing castor based quaternaries

Description:
This is a division of application Ser. No. 812,098, filed July 1, 1977. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The cationic quaternary type of fatty derivation based on coconut, soybean or tallow fats has been the basis for the development of textile softening agents and/or cosmetic ingredients and other industrial uses. A typical tallow derived softening agent is the distearyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium chloride structure as indicated: 
     
         [(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --N--(C.sub.18 H.sub.37).sub.2 ].sup.+ Cl.sup.- 
    
     This is usually offered as a paste form at 75% solids in isopropanol or in lower dilutions in a mixture of isopropanol and water. This product has a very limited degree of water solubility, and exhibits irritation properties. Alternate methods employ an amide route including ethoxylation to develop other tallow based derivatives of higher polarity for improved water solubility, see U.S. Pat. No. 2,459,088. This is illustrated for another stearyl type quaternary: ##STR1## Compounds of this type have improved water solubility and softening properties. However, they are also fairly irritating. One recent development is the utilization of Lanolin fatty acids as a route for improving the irritation properties but this occurs at the expense of water solubility. A typical quaternary of this technology is illustrated: ##STR2## where Lan is defined as the mixed higher molecular weight fatty acids derived from Lanolin or wool fat. 
     In contrast to the prior art, the instant invention is directed to quaternized castor fatty acid based amido-amines prepared by (1) condensing a castor fatty acid with the amido protons of a diamine containing a tertiary amino group at one end to form a fatty amido-amine intermediate and then (2) quaternizing this intermediate with a quaternizing agent, and to these compounds used as softeners and fixatives. This invention takes advantage of the unique emollient and lubricating properties of the castor fatty acids which contain hydroxy groups capable of imparting extra softening, e.g. in textiles, and fixative properties so that the compounds do not easily wash out. Additionally the compounds have a high degree of water solubility and are not irritating. These properties are particularly useful in textile and cosmetic formulations such as fabric softeners, hair shampoos, etc. Unique cosmetic properties are also associated with compounds based upon castor based fatty acids which do not contain the hydroxy group and these compounds are included in this disclosure. 
     The castor based fatty acids preferably employed in the instant invention are ricinoleic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, and ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives of ricinoleic acid or 12-hydroxystearic acid. 
     The general formula for the amido-amine intermediate condensation product derived from the fatty acid is illustrated by the following typical reaction: ##STR3## In general, amines having the formula: ##STR4## where 
     n=1 to 10; 
     R 1  =H, saturated alkyl groups of CH 3  through C 10  H 21 , or alkenyl groups of C 2  H 4  through C 10  H 20  ; and, R 2  and R 3  can be the same as R 1 . R 1 , R 2  and R 3  do not have to be the same but are independently selected. Substituted aminopropylamines where n is three, particularly alkyl substituted, e.g. dialkyl substituted aminopropylamines are a preferred class of amines. N,N-dimethylaminopropylamine having the formula: ##STR5## is typical. 
     The quaternizing agents which can be used in this invention include benzyl chloride or alkyl chlorides, bromides, phosphates and sulfates, such as dimethyl sulfate, dimethyl bromide and diethylsulfate. 
     The quarternary compounds of this invention can be represented by the formula: ##STR6## where: n, R 1 , R 2  and R 3  have the meanings described above; R 4  =12-hydroxystearyl, ricinoleyl, 12-(2-hydroxyproploxy) stearyl, 12-(2-hydroxyethyloxy) stearyl, or 12-(2-hydroxyethyloxy)oleyl 12-(2-hydroxypropyloxy) oleyl; R 5  =benzyl or alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and M=chloride, bromide, phosphate or sulfate. The 12-hydroxystearic acid and ricinoleyl acid derivatives are used to produce preferred water-soluble quarternary compounds in accordance with this invention. 
     It is preferred to carry out the reaction in the presence of a solvent such as, for example, propylene glycol or isopropanol. Although various amounts of solvent can be employed, it has been found that about 70-75% solids by weight is preferred. The reactions can be carried out without a solvent, however, gelatinous end products may result which is generally undesirable. 
     The reactions can be carried out at various temperatures; however, temperatures from about 50° to 90° C. are most satisfactory. The following general reaction illustrating the quaternization of the amido-amine intermediate with benzyl chloride, a preferred agent, is typical: 
    
    
     In order to describe the instant invention more thoroughly, the following examples are presented. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Production of γ-Ricinoleamidopropyl-dimethyl-benzyl ammonium chloride: 
     (a) Stage 1: Preparation of γ-Ricinoleamidopropyldimethylamine. 
     383 g (3.75 moles) of N,N-dimethylaminopropylamine were mixed with 1,043 g of commercial ricinoleic acid (3.5 moles) and heated to 180°-185° C. in a 5 liter reactor. The water of reaction is removed and the reaction is continued until a minimum acid value is attained. The product was then vacuum dried at 100°-105° C. at 50 mm vacuum. The amido-amide intermediate, γ-Ricinoleamidopropyldimethylamine, had the following properties: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Amine Value         146                                                   
Acid Value          4.5                                                   
Neutralization Equiv.                                                     
                    383 (theory 382)                                      
Appearance          Amber Clear Liquid                                    
Yield g.            1274                                                  
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     (b) Stage 2: Preparation of γ-Ricinoleamidopropyl-dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride. 
     1,266 g (3.305 moles) of the amido-amine intermediate, γ-Ricinoleamidopropyl-dimethylamine, were mixed with 430 g of benzyl chloride (3.386 moles), 712 g propylene glycol and 48 g sodium bicarbonate. The mixture contained 72% solids. The mixture was heated to 70°-80° C. and allowed to react for 3 hours. Samples were removed periodically to determine the percentages of free amine and amine hydrochloride. When the minimum amounts were obtained, the batch was cooled to 25° C. and filtered to remove the inorganic salts. The product had the following properties: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Free Amine, %       2.99                                                  
Amine Hydrochloride, %                                                    
                    0.13                                                  
Spec. Grav., 25° C.                                                
                    1.022                                                 
Density, lbs./gal.  8.48                                                  
Ash, %              0                                                     
Viscosity, Stokes, 25° C.                                          
                    15.3                                                  
Appearance          Amber Clear Liquid                                    
Yield g             2,333                                                 
pH, 10% Aqueous Soln.                                                     
                    6.9-7.1                                               
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     γ-Ricinoleamidopropyl-dimethyl-benzyl ammonium chloride (Compound 1) is utilized in hair use products and textile softening agents to impart extra softening and fixative properties. The following formulations are typical: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Cream Rinse:                                                              
Lauryl dimethyl amine oxide                                               
                       1-3 parts                                          
Compound 1, 70% active cationic                                           
                       3-4 parts                                          
Lanolin alcohol ethoxylates                                               
                       2-4 parts                                          
Water                  q.s.                                               
Shampoo:                                                                  
Sodium lauryl ether sulfate,                                              
                       25-30 parts                                        
 40% active                                                               
Coco diethanol amide   3.5-5 parts                                        
Compound 1, 70% active cationic                                           
                       2-4.0 parts                                        
Wilson&#39;s Protein WSP X-250                                                
                       2-4.0 parts                                        
Preservative           0.1-0.2 parts                                      
EDTA                   0.1-0.25 parts                                     
Water                  q.s. to 100                                        
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     EXAMPLE 2 
     Production of γ-12-Hydroxystearamidopropyl-dimethyl-benzyl ammonium chloride: 
     (a) Stage 1: Preparation of γ-12-Hydroxystearamidopropyl-dimethylamine. 
     655 g (6.42 moles) of N,N-dimethylaminopropylamine were mixed with 1800 g (6 moles) of 12-hydroxystearic acid and heated to 180°-185° C. in a 5 liter reactor. The water of reaction is removed and the reaction is continued until a minimum acid value is obtained. The product was then vacuum dried at 100°-105° C. at 50 mm vacuum. The amido-amide intermediate product, γ-12-Hydroxystearamidopropyl-dimethylamine, had the following properties: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Amine Value           144                                                 
Acid Value            5.1                                                 
Neutralization Equiv. 389 (theory 384)                                    
Appearance            Light Tan Wax                                       
Yield g               2248                                                
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     (b) Stage 2: Preparation of γ-12-Hydroxystearamidopropyl-dimethyl-benzyl ammonium chloride. 
     1751 g (4.5 moles) of this intermediate product, γ-12-Hydroxystearamidopropyl-dimethylamine, were mixed with 587 g of benzyl chloride (4.62 moles), 981 g propylene glycol and 66 g sodium bicarbonate. The mixture contained 72% solids. The mixture was heated to 70°-80° C. and allowed to react for 5 hours. Samples were removed periodically to determine the percentages of free amine and amine hydrochloride. When the minimum amounts were obtained, the warmed product was filtered to remove the inorganic salts. The product has the following properties: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Free Amine, %        2.61                                                 
Amine Hydrochloride, %                                                    
                     0.16                                                 
Spec. Grav., 25° C.                                                
                     1.012                                                
Density, lbs./gal.   8.43                                                 
Melting Point, ° C.                                                
                     66                                                   
Ash, %               0                                                    
Viscosity, Stokes, 100° C.                                         
                     0.4                                                  
Appearance           Soft White Wax                                       
Yield g              3,291                                                
pH, 10% Aqueous Soln.                                                     
                     7.4-7.5                                              
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     γ-12-Hydroxystearamidopropyl-dimethyl-benzyl ammonium chloride (Compound 2) is utilized in hair care products, having the formulations of Example 1, and textile softening agents. The following textile formulation is typical: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Fabric Softener:                                                          
Compound 2, 70% active cationic                                           
                      3-5 parts                                           
EDTA                  0.1-0.25 parts                                      
Water                 q.s. to 100 parts                                   
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     EXAMPLES 3-11 
     The following quaternary compounds are produced by the procedure described in the preceeding examples using the described amines and acids. 
     
         __________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE                                                                   
       COMPOUND             AMINE        ACID                             
__________________________________________________________________________
3      γ(N-methyl-12-hydroxystearamido)propyl-                      
                            γ(N-methylamino)                        
                                         12-hydroxystearic                
       dimethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride                                  
                            propyl-dimethyl-amine                         
                                         acid (Acid No. 1)                
4      4(N-methyl-ricinoleylamido)butyl-diethyl-                          
                            4(N-methylamino) butyl-                       
                                         ricinoleic acid                  
       benzyl-ammonium chloride                                           
                            diethyl-amine                                 
                                         (Acid No. 2)                     
5      γ(N-methyl-ricinoleylamido)propyl-                           
                            γ(N-methylamino)propyl-                 
                                         No. 2                            
       didecyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride                                   
                            didecyl-amine                                 
6      2-ricinoleylamidoethyl-dioctyl-benzyl-                             
                            2-aminoethyl-dioctyl                          
                                         No. 2                            
       ammonium chloride    amine                                         
7      γ(N-hexyl-ricinoleylamido)propyl-propyl-                     
                            γ(N-hexylamino)propyl-                  
                                         No. 2                            
       methyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride                                    
                            propyl-methyl-amine                           
8      9(12-(2-hydroxyethyloxy)stearamido)                                
                            9-aminononyl-dimethyl                         
                                         12-(2-hydroxy                    
       nonyl-dimethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride                            
                            amine        ethyloxy) stearic                
                                         acid                             
9      γ-12-(2-hydroxypropyloxy)stearamido)                         
                            N,N-dimethylamino                             
                                         12-(2-hydroxy                    
       propyl-dimethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride                           
                            propylamine  propyloxy)-                      
                                         stearic acid                     
10     γ(12-hydroxystearamido)propyl-dipropenyl-                    
                            N,N-dipropenylamino                           
                                         12-hydroxy                       
       benzyl-ammonium chloride                                           
                            propylamine  stearic acid                     
11     γ(N-methyl-ricinoleamido)propyl-diethenyl-                   
                            N,N-diethenylamino                            
                                         ricinoleic acid                  
       benzyl-ammonium chloride                                           
                            propylamine                                   
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     EXAMPLE 12 
     Compounds wherein R 5  is methyl are produced by substituting methyl chloride for benzyl chloride in the process of Examples 1 and 2. Similiarly compounds where R 5  is ethyl and M is sulfate are produced substituting diethyl sulfate for benzyl chloride. 
     EXAMPLE 13 
     The quarternary compounds produced in accordance with Examples 3 to 12 are substituted for compounds 1 and 2 to produce fabric softeners, laundry detergents, cream rinses and hair shampoos of the formulae set forth in Examples 1 through 2.