Patent Publication Number: US-2016219970-A1

Title: Triathlon Insole

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION DATA 
     Not applicable. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a shoe insole with improved cushioning and support to the foot of a wearer engaging in cross training and triathlon sporting activities. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The human foot is a very complex biological mechanism. The load on the foot at heel strike is typically about one and a half times a person&#39;s body weight when a person walks. When running or carrying extra weight, such as a backpack, loads on the foot can exceed three times the body weight. The many bones, muscles, ligaments, and tendons of the foot function to absorb and dissipate the forces of impact, carry the weight of the body and other loads, and provide forces for propulsion. Properly designed shoe insoles can assist the foot in performing these functions and protect the foot from injury. 
     Insoles may be custom made to address the specific needs of an individual. They may be made based on casts of the end user&#39;s foot or may be made of a thermoplastic material that is molded to the contours of the end user&#39;s foot. Like most custom made items, custom insoles tend to be expensive because of the low volume and extensive time needed to make and fit them properly. As such, it is not practical to make such custom made insoles for the general public. 
     To be practical for distribution to the general public, an insole must be able to provide benefit to the user without requiring individualized adjustment and fitting. A first type of insole commonly available over-the-counter emphasizes cushioning the foot so as to maximize shock absorption. For typical individuals cushioning insoles perform adequately while engaged in light to moderate activities, such as walking or running. That is, a cushioning insole provides sufficient cushioning and support for such activities. However, for more strenuous or technically challenging activities, such as carrying a heavy backpack or traversing difficult terrain, a typical cushioning insole will not be adequate. Under such conditions, a cushioning insole by itself would not provide enough support and control, and tends to bottom out during use by fully compressing the cushioning insole. 
     Another type of over-the-counter insole emphasizes control. Typically, such insoles are made to be relatively stiff and rigid so as to control the bending and twisting of the foot by limiting foot motion. The rigid structure is good at controlling motion, but is not very forgiving. As a result, when motion of the foot reaches a limit imposed by the rigid structure, the load on the foot tends to change abruptly and increases the load on the structures of the foot. Because biological tissues such as tendons and ligaments are sensitive to the rate at which they are loaded, the abrupt change in load causes injury or damage to the foot, ankle or leg. 
     In view of the foregoing, it would be desirable to provide an over-the-counter insole that provides both cushioning and control. It would also be desirable to provide an insole that provides both cushioning and control and is practical for use by the general public during cross-training or triathlon-related activities. 
     The Applicant has received patents for insoles having a stability cradle and multiple pods located thereon. These patents include U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,484,319, 7,665,169, 7,908,768 and 8,250,784. These patents, however, do not address the possible movement of the insole during shoe operation or provide more enhanced cushioning characteristics to address constant run training, for example for a triathlon. 
     There is a present need for a shoe insole that accomplishes the goals to: (1) provide increased ankle and foot stability, (2) cushion the heel and forefoot during push-offs and landings, (3) custom-contour to the inside shape of all running and cross-training shoes, (4) be extremely light, (5) provide enhanced cushioning capabilities and (6) have essentially zero movement or sliding during shoe operation and change-overs. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is also an object of the present invention to provide an insole that provides both cushioning and control and is practical for use by the general public. The above, and other objects and advantages of the present are provided by an insole that provides both motion control and cushioning. The insole includes a system of interacting components that cooperate to achieve a desired combination of foot cushioning and motion control. The components include a foam core, a semi-rigid or rigid stability cradle, and a number of elastomeric pods and pads. The characteristics of the components, their size and shape, and their position are selected to provide a desired blend of cushioning and control, and more specifically to achieve a desired biomechanical function. 
     In accordance with principles of the present invention, a cushioning core or base is combined with a relatively stiff stability cradle and a number of elastomeric pods to form an insole that provides cushioning, stability, and control. Each pod can have a different firmness, and there are three pods that include a lateral midfoot pod, a medial heel pod, and a lateral heel pod. The pods can be adjusted to address issues of over/under pronation, over/under supination, and other problems related to foot motion by altering the size, shape, and material properties of the pods. The pods are separate in the heel pad area, and the midfoot and heel pads have grooved patterns on their bottom surface for better cushioning and traction grip in the shoe. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the components of an insole are permanently affixed to each other to create an insole designed for an intended type or category of activity. Many insole designs can be made to address a broad range of different activities. In one embodiment of the invention, an insole comprises a kit including a number of interchangeable pods having different characteristics. Using such a kit, an end user can selectively change the pods to customize the insole to accommodate a specific activity. 
     The current invention is an insole that incorporates, but is not limited to: (1) a faceted stability cradle with transverse stability ribs, (2) plurality of pods, (3) a forefoot pad (4) criss-cross groove patterns on the bottom surface of the pods and forefoot pad, and (5) a jadeite cooling top cloth. The present invention accomplishes the goals to: (1) improve ankle and foot stability, (2) cushion the heel and forefoot during push-offs and landings, (3) help prevent insole movement or sliding during shoe operation and change-overs, and (4) provide enhanced cushioning features to the heel, midfoot, arch and forefoot for running and cross-training exercises. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a exploded bottom perspective view of an illustrative embodiment of an insole in accordance with the principles of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a bottom perspective view showing the base of the insole; 
         FIG. 3A  is a bottom view of the stability cradle; 
         FIG. 3B  is a bottom perspective view of the stability cradle; 
         FIG. 4  is a top (dorsal) view of the insole; 
         FIG. 5  bottom (plantar) view of the insole; 
         FIG. 6  is a lateral (outer side) view of the insole; 
         FIG. 7  is a medial (inner side) view of the insole; 
         FIG. 8  is a rear (proximal) view of the insole; 
         FIG. 9  is a longitudinal cross sectional view of the insole along  9 - 9 ; 
         FIG. 10  is a transverse cross sectional view behind the metatarsal area of the insole along  10 - 10 ; 
         FIG. 11  is a transverse cross sectional view through the arch area of the insole along  11 - 11 ; 
         FIG. 12  is a transverse cross sectional view through the heel area of the insole along  12 - 12 ; 
         FIG. 13  is a view of the bones of the foot superimposed on a bottom (plantar) view of the insole; 
         FIG. 14  is a bottom view illustrating the various areas of the insole; 
         FIGS. 15A-15E  illustrate the preferred embodiment or an insole for triathlon racing; and, 
         FIGS. 16A-16D  illustrate a second preferred embodiment or an insole for triathlon training. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     All insoles with a heelcup and a degree of medial longitudinal arch support are likely to provide a modicum (a couple of degrees) of pronation “control.” A degree of medical longitudinal and support is just a couple of degrees based on research evidence. By pronation “control,” we mean the increase in supination moments acting around the joints of the rearfoot and decrease the magnitude of pronation moments). 
     The current invention is an insole that incorporates, but is not limited to: (1) a faceted stability cradle with a plurality of stability ribs, (2) plurality of pods, (3) a forefoot pad (4) criss-cross groove patterns on the bottom surface of the pods and forefoot pads, and (5) a jadeite cooling top cloth. In accordance with principles of the present invention, a cushioning core or base is combined with a relatively stiff stability cradle and a number of elastomeric pods to form an insole that provides cushioning, stability, and control. Each pod can have a different firmness, and there are three pods that include a lateral midfoot pod, a medial heel pod, and a lateral heel pod. The pods can be adjusted to address issues of over/under pronation, over/under supination, and other problems related to foot motion by altering the size, shape, and material properties of the pods. The pods are separate in the heel pad area, and the midfoot and heel pads have grooved patterns on their bottom surface for better cushioning and traction grip in the shoe. The present invention accomplishes the goals to: (1) improve ankle and foot stability, (2) cushion the heel and forefoot during push-offs and landings, (3) help prevent insole movement or sliding during shoe operation and change-overs, and (4) provide enhanced cushioning features to the heel, midfoot, arch and forefoot during running and cross-training exercises. 
     In reference to  FIGS. 1 through 16 , an insole constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention is disclosed. It should be understood that insoles are generally adapted to be inserted inside a user&#39;s shoe. A user&#39;s right shoe and left shoe are mirror images of one another as are the insoles adapted to be inserted in a right shoe and a left shoe respectively. Only the left insole is illustrated in the Figures. It will be understood by those of skill in the art that the right insole has a mirror image construction of the left insole. 
     The insole of the invention is shaped essentially like the bottom interior of an athletic shoe (and therefore adapted to receive a user&#39;s foot which has a generally similar shape when at rest). The insole extends from a heel end (proximal) to a toe end (distal) and has a medial border or side on the arch side of the foot, connecting said toe end to said heel end along the arch side of the insole and a lateral border or side on the other side thereof, connecting said toe end to said heel end on the other side of the insole. The insole also has a forefoot area (area that correlates with the metatarsal and phalanges of the foot), an arch area (along the medial side), a heel area (just forward of the heel end), and a midfoot area (between the heel area and forefoot area). 
     As shown in the exploded view of  FIG. 1 , insole  100  preferably comprises a top sheet  101  and a base  102  having a top surface secured to said top sheet and an opposite bottom surface. Base  102  also defines a longitudinal arch support  119  that extends upwardly along the medial side of the insole to provide extra cushion and support to the arch area of the foot. 
     Preferably, the top surface of the base defines an upwardly-extending portion or transverse arch support that lies under the metatarsal head area of the foot (best shown in  FIGS. 4 and 10 ). The upward extension of transverse arch support pushes up a portion of the top sheet  101  that corresponds to the area of the transverse arch support. 
     The bottom surface of base  102  defines a forefoot pad recession area  107  in the forefoot area and a stability cradle recession area  105  along the midfoot and heel areas. The bottom surface of base  102  also defines one or more ribs or protrusions  132  that extend outwardly along the arch area. The ribs  132  are preferably longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. An alternate embodiment has the ribs or protrusions defined by the stability cradle  106  and extending outwardly from the stability cradle  106  in the arch area. 
     Base  102  has a raised edge that wraps around the heel and extends partially along the sides of the foot such that the insole has a heel cup, which conforms to the natural shape of the foot. As best seen in  FIGS. 10-12 , the height of the raised edge is generally higher and thicker on the medial side of the insole and is lower and thinner on the lateral side of the insole. 
     The forefoot pad recession area  107  begins partially proximal form the toe end of the insole near the distal ends of the proximal phalanges of the foot. The forefoot pad recession area  107  extends rearward to about the 3 rd  through 5 th  metatarsal heads on a lateral portion and approximately halfway along the 1 st  and 2 nd  metatarsals on a medial portion. Preferably the forefoot pad recession area  107  has a rear apex  157  that lies between the 1 st  and 2 nd  metatarsals. 
     Forefoot pad  108  is shaped essentially the same as forefoot pad recession area  107  and is secured therein. Forefoot pad  108  has a medial edge, a lateral edge, a proximal (back) edge and a distal (front) edge. The medial edge of forefoot pad  108  extends along a line spaced laterally from said medial border of said insole. The proximal edge extends from said medial edge laterally and proximally to said rear apex  157 , laterally and distally towards the 3 rd  metatarsal head, then laterally and proximally to the lateral edge approximately along the 3 rd  through 5 th  metatarsal heads. The lateral edge connects said proximal edge to said top edge of said forefoot pad. In use, forefoot pad recession area  107  and forefoot pad  108  underlie the big toe of a user&#39;s foot, and the “ball” of the foot, excluding the first metatarsal head or medial ball of the user&#39;s foot.  FIG. 11  shows the placement of foot bones on the insole. 
     An adhesive is be used to secure the components. The forefoot pad  108  provides cushioning and energy return on landing from a vertical jump. It serves as a propulsion pad and support for the metatarsal heads of a user&#39;s foot, especially the 1 st  and 2 nd  metatarsal heads. 
     It is estimated that using tougher materials increases the durability of the insole by 35% to 65% over insoles that use softer materials for this portion of the foot insole. 
     The stability cradle recession area  105  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  102 . The stability cradle recession area  105  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area  107  to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1 st  metatarsal during toe off. Stability cradle  106  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  105  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  105 . 
     Stability cradle  106  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  102  to provide support for the foot. Preferably, stability cradle  106  ranges from approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm thick and the walls taper from approximately 3 mm to about 0.5 mm. The sides of stability cradle  106  are preferably higher on the medial side of the foot because of the higher loading. Preferably, stability cradle  106  is made of a nylon material with a hardness of approximately Shore A 95. In a preferred embodiment, the stability cradle is semi-rigid. In an alternate embodiment, the stability cradle is rigid. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  106  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping and “change-over” of shoes and running gear to other footwear, or vice versa is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improve the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use by allowing the insole to resist movement out of the shoe during these change-over or swapping activities. The faceted design increases the internal function quotient of the insole significantly (by as much as 50% compared to non-faceted or smooth stability cradles) when located in the shoe cavity, thereby preventing the insole&#39;s movement or exit from the shoe cavity. 
     The stability cradle  106  preferably defines one or more rib-shaped openings  131 . In a preferred embodiment, the rib-shaped openings  131  allow said ribs  132  of base  102  to extend therethrough. Preferably, base  102  is molded so that the ribs  132  project into rib-shaped openings  131  so that the ribs  132  are approximately flush with the outer surface of stability cradle  106  and mechanically lock stability cradle  106  and base  102  together. Advantageously, the ribs  132  are also able to bulge through rib-shaped openings  131  when base  102  is compressed (e.g., while walking or running) to provide additional cushioning and support to the arch of the foot. Preferably said ribs  132  extend outwardly approximately 0.50 mm to 1.5 mm and have a width of approximately 4 mm. The rib-shaped openings  131  allow the stability cradle  106  to be more flexible in the arch area compared to the rest of the stability cradle  106 . 
     In an alternate embodiment, stability cradle  106  defines one or more protruding ribs instead of openings. The protruding ribs extend outwardly along the arch area. The protruding ribs are longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. The protruding ribs extend outward approximately 0.50 mm. 
     Stability cradle  106  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening  111  that extends from the behind the 3 rd  though 5 th  metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. The length of the lateral midfoot pod opening  111  is preferably sufficient to provide cushioning to the lateral aspect of the midfoot. Lateral midfoot pod  112  is shaped essentially the same as lateral midfoot pod opening  111  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  102  within the stability cradle recession area  105  in a location that correlates to the lateral midfoot pod opening  111  and allows lateral midfoot pod  112  to extend out through said lateral midfoot pod opening  111 . 
     Lateral midfoot pod  112  is preferably made from TPR or PU of a hardness of about 45-50 ASKER C. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base  102  in the lateral midfoot pod opening  111  of said base  102 . The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base  102 . 
     Stability cradle  106  also defines a lateral heel pod opening  113  that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  106  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening  111  toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod  114  is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening  113  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  102  within the stability cradle recession area  105  in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening  113  and allows lateral heel pod  114  to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening  113 . Lateral heel pod  114  has a lateral edge which extends along the lateral border of insole  100  from said heel end to a lateral heel edge spaced apart from said lateral midfoot pod. The lateral edge curves in the area of the heel to follow the outline of the insole heel end. The lateral heel pod  114  also has a medial curvilinear edge. The overall configuration is roughly a multi-sided geometric shape with curved edges as described rather than straight lines. 
     The configuration, material and position of the lateral heel pod  114  provides cushioning and works in association with the medial heel pod  115  to stabilize the ankle. The hardness of the lateral heel pod is preferably essentially the same as the lateral midfoot pod, which work in concert to help reduce the incidence of lateral ankle roll-overs. It is preferably made of TPR or PU of a hardness of about Shore C 45-50. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base  102  in the lateral heel pod opening  113  of said base  102 . The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base  102 . 
     Stability cradle  106  defines a medial heel pod opening  115  that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  102  just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod  116  is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening  115  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  102  within the stability cradle recession area  105  in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening  115  and allows medial heel pod  116  to extend out through said medial heel pod opening  115 . The medial heel pod  116  has essentially a pea-pod shape; it has a medial edge and a lateral edge which are connected to one another at a first distal apex and a second proximal apex. The edges widen out opposite one another to define said medial heel pod. 
     Medial heel pod  116  is preferably made from TPR or PU of a hardness of about 60 ASKER C±3. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base  102  in the medial heel pod opening  115  of said base  102 . The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base  102 . 
     Foot contact with the ground is generally divided into three phases: heel strike, midfoot support, and toe off. During heel strike, the heel of the foot impacts the ground with significant force. To cushion the impact, lateral heel pod  114  is positioned along the rear and lateral side of the calcaneus (heel bone) and extends outwardly below stability cradle  106 . Preferably, lateral heel pod  114  is made of a material having suitable cushioning properties and are selected based on an intended type of activity. 
     Following the initial impact of the heel with the ground, the foot twists, or pronates, bringing the medial side of the heel into contact with the ground. The foot is sensitive to the amount of pronation as well as the rate at which the pronation occurs. Pronation is natural, and some degree of pronation is desirable because it serves to absorb the stresses and forces on the foot during walking or running. However, an excessive amount or rate of pronation can result in injury. 
     Stability cradle  106  provides firm support along the medial portion of the foot to help control the amount of pronation. Medial heel pod  116  helps to control the rate of pronation by forming medial heel pod  116  out of a material having different characteristics than lateral heel pod  114 . For example, to reduce a pronation rate, medial heel pod  116  is made from a firmer material than lateral heel pod  114 . A firmer or stiffer material does not compress as much or as fast as a softer material under the same load. Thus, a medial heel pod  116  made from a firmer material would compress less than a lateral heel pod  114  made of a softer material. As a result, medial heel pod  116  tends to resist or counteract pronation and thereby help to reduce the degree and rate of pronation. Conversely, making medial heel pod  116  from a softer material than lateral heel pod  114  would tend to increase the amount and rate of pronation. 
     Preferably, the firmness of the material used in medial heel pod  116  is selected based on the firmness of lateral heel pod  114  and on the type of intended activity. For example, the firmness of lateral heel pod  114  and medial heel pod  116  differs by about 20-30% for an insole to be used during light to moderate activities. 
     Carrying a heavy backpack or other articles significantly increases the load on the foot and the rate of pronation during and following heel strike. Accordingly, medial heel pod  116  is made significantly firmer in an insole designed for use while backpacking. As an example, a difference in firmness of about 20-40% is more appropriate for such activities. 
     Lateral midfoot pod  112  provides cushioning and control to the lateral side of the foot during the midstance portion of a step. Typically, lateral midfoot pod  112  is formed of a material having the same properties, e.g., firmness, as lateral heel pod  114 . However, a material having different characteristics may also be used. 
     The use of dual density heel pods is employed to cause a kinetic change in foot function to promote ankle stability. It is also not out of the scope of the invention to have the medial heel pod softer than the lateral heel pod and/or lateral midfoot pod or any combination thereof to address different joint moments or ankle rolls. 
     At the beginning of the propulsion or toe-off phase of a step, the heel begins to lift from the ground and weight shifts to the ball of the foot. Forefoot pad  108  is located under this part of the foot. Preferably, forefoot pad  108  is formed of a relatively resilient material so that energy put into compressing forefoot pad  108  is returned to help propel the foot at toe-off. 
     During toe off, the first metatarsal naturally flexes downward. Preventing this natural downward flex of the first metatarsal causes the arch of the foot to flatten and the foot to over pronate, increasing stress on the ankles and knees. To accommodate the downward flex, the medial portion of forefoot pad  108  extends rearward into a corresponding concave edge portion of the distal edge of stability cradle  106 . The shape of the stability cradle  106  and forefoot pad  108  permit the first metatarsal to flex more naturally and thereby encourage loading of the great toe during toe off. 
     Base  102  is preferably made of foam or other material having suitable cushioning properties. Preferably, base  102  comprises an Ethylene vinyl acetate (“EVA”) foam, which is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, or a Thermoplastic Rubber (“TPR”)/EVA mix. A preferred EVA or TPR/EVA mix has a durometer (hardness) of about Asker C 45-50. 
     Forefoot pad  108  is preferably made from a Thermoplastic Rubber (“TPR”) or Polyurethane (“PU”). The hardness of the TPR or PU used in the forefoot pad is preferably about 30 Asker C±3. 
     The forefoot pad  120 , lateral midfoot pod  121 , lateral heel pod  122 , and medial heel pod  123  are constructed with a criss-cross groove pattern on the bottom surface of the pod or pad. The criss-cross groove pattern introduces air gaps into the pod/pad surfaces. Such air gaps and criss-cross groove patterns positively influence the impact absorption properties of each pod and pad. It also allows for use of less material and therefore a lighter insole while still providing the desired cushioning function. Preferably, the forefoot criss-cross groove pattern  120  is approximately 0.75 mm deep. Preferably the lateral midfoot and heel criss-cross groove patterns  121  and  122  are approximately 1.00 to 3.00 mm deep. Preferably, the medial heel criss-cross groove pattern  123  is approximately 1.00 to 2.50 mm deep. Preferably the TPR pods have the deeper criss-cross groove pattern and the PU pods have the shallower criss-cross groove pattern due to the compression characteristics of the materials. The criss-cross groove patterns assists with securing the insole in the shoe cavity and keeping the insole in place such that it will not move or slide around The criss-cross groove pattern also allows for air circulation and/or provides different cushioning and spring properties. 
     For a men&#39;s size 11-12 insole, the width of the forefoot pad from the medial to lateral side is about 85 to 95 mm. The height is about 100 to 110 mm. The depth is about 0.95 to 1.50 mm. 
     It is desirable to minimize the total weight of the insoles by selection of materials working with the structural features of the insole. It is desirable that the total weight of the preferred embodiment of the insole (men&#39;s size 10/11) be about 4.0 ounces. It is desirable that the total weight of an alternate embodiment of the insole be about 5.0 to 6.0 ounces for a men&#39;s size 10/11 and about 6.5 to 7.5 ounces for a men&#39;s size 12/13. Other sizes will be proportional. Using the criss-cross groove pattern designs will help provide a lighter insole. 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  102  is covered with top sheet  101  from toe to heel areas of the insole, which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  101  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
     In a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the various components of an insole which are secured to base  102  in the recession areas defined by base  102  on the bottom surface are permanently affixed to base  102  using an appropriate means such as an adhesive. The components are also secured during the molding process using techniques known in the art of molding insoles. 
     The recession areas can also be lined with a cloth having a base surface and a pad/pod surface, secured to said base along said base surface and said pad/pod along said pad/pod surface. Alternatively, a cloth is secured to pad/pod and then the composite structure secured to the recession area. 
     Some shoes may slightly differ in size on the inner part of the shoe. Some shoes may also provide extra padding along the inner sides, front or back of the shoe that alter the actual space provided for the foot and/or an insole on the inner part of the shoe. Base  102  may have sizing guides  150  that allow a user to shorten the length of the insole for proper fit within the shoe, sizing guides  150  provide various cutting guide lines that the user would cut along, preferably with scissors. 
     The current invention is an insole that incorporates, but is not limited to: (1) a faceted stability cradle with a plurality of stability ribs, (2) plurality of pods, (3) a forefoot pad (4) criss-cross groove patterns on the bottom surface of the pods and forefoot pads, and (5) a jadeite cooling top cloth. In accordance with principles of the present invention, a cushioning core or base is combined with a relatively stiff stability cradle and a number of elastomeric pods to form an insole that provides cushioning, stability, and control. Each pod can have a different firmness, and there are three pods that include a lateral midfoot pod, a medial heel pod, and a lateral heel pod. The pods can be adjusted to address issues of over/under pronation, over/under supination, and other problems related to foot motion by altering the size, shape, and material properties of the pods. The pods are separate in the heel pad area, and the midfoot and heel pads have grooved patterns on their bottom surface for better cushioning and traction grip in the shoe. The present invention accomplishes the goals to: (1) improve ankle and foot stability, (2) cushion the heel and forefoot during push-offs and landings, (3) help prevent insole movement or sliding during shoe operation and change-overs, and (4) provide enhanced cushioning features to the heel, midfoot, arch and forefoot during running and cross-training exercises. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a perspective view of the bottom of base  202  without any pads, pods, or attachments. Base  202  has a top surface and an opposite bottom surface. Base  202  also defines a longitudinal arch support  219  that extends upwardly along the medial side of the insole to provide extra cushion and support to the arch area of the foot. 
     The bottom surface of base  202  defines a forefoot pad recession area  207  in the forefoot area and a stability cradle recession area  205  along the midfoot and heel areas. The bottom surface of base  202  defines one or more ribs or protrusions  232  that extend outwardly along the arch area. The ribs  232  are preferably longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. An alternate embodiment has the ribs or protrusions defined by a stability cradle and extending outwardly from the stability cradle in the arch area. 
     Base  202  has a raised edge that wraps around the heel and extends partially along the sides of the foot such that the insole has a heel cup, which conforms to the natural shape of the foot. As best seen in  FIGS. 10-12 , the height of the raised edge is generally higher and thicker on the medial side of the insole and is lower and thinner on the lateral side of the insole. 
     The forefoot pad recession area  207  begins partially proximal form the toe end of the insole near the distal ends of the proximal phalanges of the foot. The forefoot pad recession area  207  extends rearward to about the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads on a lateral portion and approximately halfway along the 1st and 2nd metatarsals on a medial portion. Preferably the forefoot pad recession area  207  has a rear apex  257  that lies between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals. 
     The stability cradle recession area  205  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  202 . The stability cradle recession area  205  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area  207  to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off. 
     Base  202  is preferably made of foam or other material having suitable cushioning properties. Preferably, base  202  comprises an Ethylene vinyl acetate (“EVA”) foam, which is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, or a Thermoplastic Rubber (“TPR”)/EVA mix. A preferred EVA or TPR/EVA mix has a durometer (hardness) of about Asker C 45-50. 
       FIGS. 3A and 3B  are bottom and perspective views of a stability cradle  306 . A stability cradle recession area is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of a base. The stability cradle recession area extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of a forefoot recession area to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off. Stability cradle  306  is shaped essentially the same as the stability cradle recession area and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area. 
     Stability cradle  306  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of the base to provide support for the foot. Preferably, stability cradle  306  ranges from approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm thick and the walls taper from approximately 3 mm to about 0.5 mm. The sides of stability cradle  306  are preferably higher on the medial side of the foot because of the higher loading. Preferably, stability cradle  306  is made of a nylon material with a hardness of approximately Shore A 95. In a preferred embodiment, the stability cradle is semi-rigid. In an alternate embodiment, the stability cradle is rigid. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  306  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear to other footwear, or vice versa, is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improves the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use by allowing the insole to resist movement out of the shoe during these change-over or swapping activities. The faceted design increases the internal function quotient of the insole significantly (by as much as 50% compared to non-faceted or smooth stability cradles) when located in the shoe cavity, thereby preventing the insole&#39;s movement or exit from the shoe cavity. 
     The stability cradle  306  preferably defines one or more rib-shaped openings  331 . In a preferred embodiment, the rib-shaped openings  331  allow ribs on the base to extend therethrough. Advantageously, the ribs are also able to bulge through rib-shaped openings  331  when base is compressed (e.g., while walking or running) to provide additional cushioning and support to the arch of the foot. The rib-shaped openings  331  allow the stability cradle  306  to be more flexible in the arch area compared to the rest of the stability cradle  306 . 
     Stability cradle  306  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening  311  that extends from the behind the 3rd though 5th metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. The length of the lateral midfoot pod opening  311  is preferably sufficient to provide cushioning to the lateral aspect of the midfoot. The lateral midfoot pod opening  311  is designed to allow a lateral midfoot pod to extend there through. 
     Stability cradle  306  also defines a lateral heel pod opening  313  that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  306  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening  311  toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod opening  313  has a lateral edge which extends along the lateral border of insole from said heel end to a lateral heel edge spaced apart from said lateral midfoot pod opening  311 . The lateral edge curves in the area of the heel to follow the outline of the insole heel end. The lateral heel pod opening  313  also has a medial curvilinear edge. The overall configuration is roughly a multi-sided geometric shape with curved edges as described rather than straight lines. Lateral heel pod opening  313  is designed to allow a lateral heel pod to extend there through. 
     Medial heel pod opening  315  extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  302  just short of the heel end. The medial heel pod opening  315  has essentially a pea-pod shape; it has a medial edge and a lateral edge which are connected to one another at a first distal apex and a second proximal apex. The edges widen out opposite one another to define said medial heel pod opening. Medial heel pod opening  315  is designed to allow a medial heel pod to extend there through. 
     Stability cradle  306  provides firm support along the medial portion of the foot to help control the amount of pronation. 
       FIG. 4  is a top view of the insole illustrating the top sheet  401  and transverse arch support  438 . Insole  400  comprises a top sheet  401  secured across the entire top surface of the base from toe area to heel area. Preferably, the top surface of the base defines an upwardly-extending portion or transverse arch support  438  that lies under the metatarsal head area of the foot. The upward extension of transverse arch support  438  pushes up a portion of the top sheet  401  that corresponds to the area of the transverse arch support  438 . 
     Traverse arch support  438  preferably lies under the second to fourth metatarsal heads. Traverse arch support  438  provides additional stability and cushioning to the forefoot and middle of the foot. 
     In a preferred embodiment, top sheet  401  is a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  401  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. A series of air holes extend through top sheet  401  and the base to permit air circulation above and below insole  400 . 
       FIG. 5  illustrates the bottom view of the insole. Insole  500  preferably comprises a top sheet  501  and a base  502  having a top surface secured to said top sheet and an opposite bottom surface. Base  502  also defines a longitudinal arch support  519  that extends upwardly along the medial side of the insole to provide extra cushion and support to the arch area of the foot. 
     The bottom surface of base  502  defines a forefoot pad recession area  507  in the forefoot area and a stability cradle recession area  505  along the midfoot and heel areas. The bottom surface of base  502  also defines one or more ribs or protrusions  532  that extend outwardly along the arch area. The ribs  532  are preferably longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. 
     Base  502  has a raised edge that wraps around the heel and extends partially along the sides of the foot such that the insole has a heel cup, which conforms to the natural shape of the foot. As best seen in  FIGS. 10-12 , the height of the raised edge is generally higher and thicker on the medial side of the insole and is lower and thinner on the lateral side of the insole. 
     The forefoot pad recession area  507  begins partially proximal form the toe end of the insole near the distal ends of the proximal phalanges of the foot. The forefoot pad recession area  507  extends rearward to about the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads on a lateral portion and approximately halfway along the 1st and 2nd metatarsals on a medial portion. Preferably the forefoot pad recession area  507  has a rear apex  557  that lies between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals. 
     Forefoot pad  508  is shaped essentially the same as forefoot pad recession area  507  and is secured therein. Forefoot pad  508  has a medial edge, a lateral edge, a proximal (back) edge and a distal (front) edge. The medial edge of forefoot pad  508  extends along a line spaced laterally from said medial border of said insole. The proximal edge extends from said medial edge laterally and proximally to said rear apex  557 , laterally and distally towards the 3rd metatarsal head, then laterally and proximally to the lateral edge approximately along the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads. The lateral edge connects said proximal edge to said top edge of said forefoot pad. In use, forefoot pad recession area  507  and forefoot pad  508  underlie the big toe of a user&#39;s foot, and the “ball” of the foot, excluding the first metatarsal head or medial ball of the user&#39;s foot.  FIG. 11  shows the placement of foot bones on the insole. 
     An adhesive is used to secure the components. The forefoot pad  508  provides cushioning and energy return on landing from a vertical jump. It serves as a propulsion pad and support for the metatarsal heads of a user&#39;s foot, especially the 1st and 2nd metatarsal heads. 
     It is estimated that using tougher materials increase the durability of the insole by 35% to 65% over insoles that use softer materials for this portion of the foot insole. 
     The stability cradle recession area  505  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  502 . The stability cradle recession area  505  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area  507  to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off. Stability cradle  506  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  505  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  505 . 
     Stability cradle  506  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  502  to provide support for the foot. Preferably, stability cradle  506  ranges from approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm thick and the walls taper from approximately 3 mm to about 0.5 mm. The sides of stability cradle  506  are preferably higher on the medial side of the foot because of the higher loading. Preferably, stability cradle  506  is made of a nylon material with a hardness of approximately Shore A 95. In a preferred embodiment, the stability cradle is semi-rigid. In an alternate embodiment, the stability cradle is rigid. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  506  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear to other footwear, or vice versa, is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improve the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use by allowing the insole to resist movement out of the shoe during these change-over or swapping activities. The faceted design increases the internal function quotient of the insole significantly (by as much as 50% compared to non-faceted or smooth stability cradles) when located in the shoe cavity, thereby preventing the insole&#39;s movement or exit from the shoe cavity. 
     The stability cradle  506  preferably defines one or more rib-shaped openings  531 . In a preferred embodiment, the rib-shaped openings  531  allow said ribs  532  of base  502  to extend therethrough. Preferably, base  502  is molded so that the ribs  532  project into rib-shaped openings  531  so that the ribs  532  are approximately flush with the outer surface of stability cradle  506  and mechanically lock stability cradle  506  and base  502  together. Advantageously, the ribs  532  are also able to bulge through rib-shaped openings  531  when base  502  is compressed (e.g., while walking or running) to provide additional cushioning and support to the arch of the foot. Preferably said ribs  532  extend outwardly approximately 0.50 mm to 1.5 mm and have a width of approximately 4 mm. The rib-shaped openings  531  allow the stability cradle  506  to be more flexible in the arch area compared to the rest of the stability cradle  506 . 
     In an alternate embodiment, stability cradle  506  defines one or more protruding ribs instead of openings. The protruding ribs extend outwardly along the arch area. The protruding ribs are longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. The protruding ribs extend outward approximately 0.50 mm. 
     Stability cradle  506  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening  511  that extends from the behind the 3rd though 5th metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. The length of the lateral midfoot pod opening  511  is preferably sufficient to provide cushioning to the lateral aspect of the midfoot. Lateral midfoot pod  512  is shaped essentially the same as lateral midfoot pod opening  511  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  502  within the stability cradle recession area  505  in a location that correlates to the lateral midfoot pod opening  511  and allows lateral midfoot pod  512  to extend out through said lateral midfoot pod opening  511 . 
     Lateral midfoot pod  512  is preferably made from TPR or PU of a hardness of about 45-50 ASKER C. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base  502  in the lateral midfoot pod opening  511  of said base  502 . The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base  502 . 
     In accordance with principles of the present invention, a cushioning core or base is combined with a relatively stiff stability cradle and a number of elastomeric pods to form an insole that provides cushioning, stability, and control. Each pod can have a different firmness, and there are three pods that include a lateral midfoot pod, a medial heel pod, and a lateral heel pod. The pods can be adjusted to address issues of over/under pronation, over/under supination, and other problems related to foot motion by altering the size, shape, and material properties of the pods. The pods are separate in the heel pad area, and the midfoot and heel pads have grooved patterns on their bottom surface for better cushioning and traction grip in the shoe. 
     Stability cradle  506  also defines a lateral heel pod opening  513  that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  506  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening  511  toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod  514  is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening  513  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  502  within the stability cradle recession area  505  in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening  513  and allows lateral heel pod  514  to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening  513 . Lateral heel pod  514  has a lateral edge which extends along the lateral border of insole  500  from said heel end to a lateral heel edge spaced apart from said lateral midfoot pod. The lateral edge curves in the area of the heel to follow the outline of the insole heel end. The lateral heel pod  514  also has a medial curvilinear edge. The overall configuration is roughly a multi-sided geometric shape with curved edges as described rather than straight lines. 
     The configuration, material and position of the lateral heel pod  514  provides cushioning and works in association with the medial heel pod  515  to stabilize the ankle. The hardness of the lateral heel pod is preferably essentially the same as the lateral midfoot pod, which work in concert to help reduce the incidence of lateral ankle roll-overs. It is preferably made of TPR or PU of a hardness of about Shore C 45-50. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base  502  in the lateral heel pod opening  511  of said base  502 . The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base  502 . 
     Stability cradle  506  defines a medial heel pod opening  515  that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  502  just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod  516  is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening  515  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  502  within the stability cradle recession area  505  in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening  515  and allows medial heel pod  516  to extend out through said medial heel pod opening  515 . The medial heel pod  516  has essentially a pea-pod shape; it has a medial edge and a lateral edge which are connected to one another at a first distal apex and a second proximal apex. The edges widen out opposite one another to define said medial heel pod. 
     Medial heel pod  516  is preferably made from TPR or PU of a hardness of about 60 ASKER C±3. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base  502  in the medial heel pod opening  515  of said base  502 . The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base  502 . 
     Foot contact with the ground is generally divided into three phases: heel strike, midfoot support, and toe off. During heel strike, the heel of the foot impacts the ground with significant force. To cushion the impact, lateral heel pod  514  is positioned along the rear and lateral side of the calcaneus (heel bone) and extends outwardly below stability cradle  506 . Preferably, lateral heel pod  514  is made of a material having suitable cushioning properties and are selected based on an intended type of activity. 
     Following the initial impact of the heel with the ground, the foot twists, or pronates, bringing the medial side of the heel into contact with the ground. The foot is sensitive to the amount of pronation as well as the rate at which the pronation occurs. Pronation is natural, and some degree of pronation is desirable because it serves to absorb the stresses and forces on the foot during walking or running. However, an excessive amount or rate of pronation results in injury. 
     Stability cradle  506  provides firm support along the medial portion of the foot to help control the amount of pronation. Medial heel pod  516  helps to control the rate of pronation by forming medial heel pod  516  out of a material having different characteristics than lateral heel pod  514 . For example, to reduce a pronation rate, medial heel pod  516  can be made from a firmer material than lateral heel pod  514 . A firmer or stiffer material does not compress as much or as fast as a softer material under the same load. Thus, a medial heel pod  516  made from a firmer material would compress less than a lateral heel pod  514  made of a softer material. As a result, medial heel pod  516  tends to resist or counteract pronation and thereby help to reduce the degree and rate of pronation. Conversely, making medial heel pod  516  from a softer material than lateral heel pod  514  would tend to increase the amount and rate of pronation. 
     Preferably, the firmness of the material used in medial heel pod  516  is selected based on the firmness of lateral heel pod  514  and on the type of intended activity. For example, the firmness of lateral heel pod  514  and medial heel pod  516  differs by about 20-30% for an insole to be used during light to moderate activities. 
     Carrying a heavy backpack or other articles significantly increases the load on the foot and the rate of pronation during and following heel strike. Accordingly, medial heel pod  516  can be made significantly firmer in an insole designed for use while backpacking. As an example, a difference in firmness of about 20-40% is more appropriate for such activities. 
     Lateral midfoot pod  512  provides cushioning and control to the lateral side of the foot during the midstance portion of a step. Typically, lateral midfoot pod  512  is formed of a material having the same properties, e.g., firmness, as lateral heel pod  514 . However, a material having different characteristics can also be used. 
     The use of dual density heel pods is employed to cause a kinetic change in foot function to promote ankle stability. It is also not out of the scope of the invention to have the medial heel pod softer than the lateral heel pod and/or lateral midfoot pod or any combination thereof to address different joint moments or ankle rolls. 
     At the beginning of the propulsion or toe-off phase of a step, the heel begins to lift from the ground and weight shifts to the ball of the foot. Forefoot pad  508  is located under this part of the foot. Preferably, forefoot pad  508  is formed of a relatively resilient material so that energy put into compressing forefoot pad  508  is returned to help propel the foot at toe-off. 
     During toe off, the first metatarsal naturally flexes downward. Preventing this natural downward flex of the first metatarsal causes the arch of the foot to flatten and the foot to over pronate, increasing stress on the ankles and knees. To accommodate the downward flex, the medial portion of forefoot pad  508  extends rearward into a corresponding concave edge portion of the distal edge of stability cradle  506 . The shape of the stability cradle  506  and forefoot pad  508  permit the first metatarsal to flex more naturally and thereby encourage loading of the great toe during toe off. 
     Base  502  is preferably made of foam or other material having suitable cushioning properties. Preferably, base  502  comprises an Ethylene vinyl acetate (“EVA”) foam, which is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, or a Thermoplastic Rubber (“TPR”)/EVA mix. A preferred EVA or TPR/EVA mix has a durometer (hardness) of about Asker C 45-50. 
     Forefoot pad  508  is preferably made from a Thermoplastic Rubber (“TPR”) or Polyurethane (“PU”). The hardness of the TPR or PU used in the forefoot pad is preferably about 30 Asker C±3. 
     The forefoot pad  520 , lateral midfoot pod  521 , lateral heel pod  522 , and medial heel pod  523  are constructed with a criss-cross groove pattern on the bottom surface of the pod or pad. The criss-cross groove pattern introduces air gaps into the pod/pad surfaces. Such air gaps and criss-cross groove patterns positively influence the impact absorption properties. It also allows for use of less material and therefore a lighter insole while still providing the desired cushioning function. Preferably, the forefoot criss-cross groove pattern  520  is approximately 0.75 mm deep. Preferably the lateral midfoot and heel criss-cross groove patterns  521  and  522  are approximately 1.00 to 3.00 mm deep. Preferably, the medial heel criss-cross groove pattern  523  is approximately 1.00 to 2.50 mm deep. Preferably the TPR pods have the deeper criss-cross groove pattern and the PU pods have the shallower criss-cross groove pattern due to the compression characteristics of the materials. The criss-cross groove patterns also assists with keeping the insole in place and not move or slide around within the shoe. 
     For a men&#39;s size 11-12 insole, the width of the forefoot pad from the medial to lateral side is about 85 to 95 mm. The height is about 100 to 110 mm. The depth is about 0.95 to 1.50 mm. 
     It is desirable to minimize the total weight of the insoles by selection of materials working with the structural features of the insole. It is desirable that the total weight of the preferred embodiment of the insole (men&#39;s size 10/11) be about 4.0 ounces. It is desirable that the total weight of an alternate embodiment of the insole be about 5.0 to 6.0 ounces for a men&#39;s size 10/11 and about 6.5 to 7.5 ounces for a men&#39;s size 12/13. Other sizes will be proportional. Using the open-cell designs will provide for a lighter insole. 
     In a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the various components of an insole which are secured to base  502  in the recession areas defined by base  502  on the bottom surface are permanently affixed to base  502  using an appropriate means such as an adhesive. The components are secured during the molding process using techniques known in the art of molding insoles. 
     The recession areas also is lined with a cloth having a base surface and a pad/pod surface, secured to said base along said base surface and said pad/pod along said pad/pod surface. Alternatively, a cloth is secured to pad/pod and then the composite structure secured to the recession area. 
     Some shoes may slightly differ in size on the inner part of the shoe. Some shoes may also provide extra padding along the inner sides, front or back of the shoe that alter the actual space provided for the foot and/or an insole on the inner part of the shoe. Base  502  may have sizing guides  550  that allow a user to shorten the length of the insole for proper fit within the shoe, sizing guides  550  provide various cutting guide lines that the user would cut along, preferably with scissors. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a lateral side view of the insole. Insole  600  preferably comprises a top sheet  601  and a base  602  having a top surface secured to said top sheet  601  and an opposite bottom surface. Base  602  also defines a longitudinal arch support  619  that extends upwardly along the medial side of the insole to provide extra cushion and support to the arch area of the foot. 
     The bottom surface of base  602  defines a forefoot pad recession area in the forefoot area and a stability cradle recession area  605  along the midfoot and heel areas. 
     Base  602  has a raised edge that wraps around the heel and extends partially along the sides of the foot such that the insole has a heel cup, which conforms to the natural shape of the foot. The height of the raised edge is generally higher and thicker on the medial side of the insole and is lower and thinner on the lateral side of the insole. 
     The forefoot pad recession area begins partially proximal from the toe end of the insole near the distal ends of the proximal phalanges of the foot. The forefoot pad recession area extends rearward to about the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads on a lateral portion and approximately halfway along the 1st and 2nd metatarsals on a medial portion. Preferably the forefoot pad recession area has a rear apex that lies between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals. A forefoot pad is shaped essentially the same as forefoot pad recession area and is secured therein. 
     The stability cradle recession area  605  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  602 . The stability cradle recession area  605  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area  607  to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off Stability cradle  606  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  605  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  605 . 
     Stability cradle  606  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  602  to provide support for the foot. Preferably, stability cradle  606  ranges from approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm thick and the walls taper from approximately 3 mm to about 0.5 mm. The sides of stability cradle  606  are preferably higher on the medial side of the foot because of the higher loading. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  606  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear to other footwear, or vice versa, is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improve the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use by allowing the insole to resist movement out of the shoe during these change-over or swapping activities. The faceted design increases the internal function quotient of the insole significantly (by as much as 50% compared to non-faceted or smooth stability cradles) when located in the shoe cavity, thereby preventing the insole&#39;s movement or exit from the shoe cavity. 
     Stability cradle  606  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening that extends from the behind the 3 rd  though 5 th  metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. A lateral midfoot pod  612  is shaped essentially the same as lateral midfoot pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  602  within the stability cradle recession area  605  in a location that correlates to the lateral midfoot pod opening and allows lateral midfoot pod  612  to extend out through said lateral midfoot pod opening. 
     Stability cradle  606  also defines a lateral heel pod opening that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  606  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod  614  is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  602  within the stability cradle recession area  605  in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening and allows lateral heel pod  614  to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening. 
     Stability cradle  606  defines a medial heel pod opening that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  602  just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  602  within the stability cradle recession area  605  in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening and allows medial heel pod to extend out through said medial heel pod opening. 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  602  is covered with top sheet  601 , which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  601  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
     Preferably, the top surface of the base defines an upwardly-extending portion or transverse arch support  638  that lies under the metatarsal head area of the foot. The upward extension of transverse arch support  638  pushes up a portion of the top sheet  601  that corresponds to the area of the transverse arch support  638 . 
     Traverse arch support  638  preferably lies under the second to fourth metatarsal heads. Traverse arch support  638  provides additional stability and cushioning to the forefoot and middle of the foot. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a medial side view of the insole. Insole  700  preferably comprises a top sheet  701  and a base  702  having a top surface secured to said top sheet and an opposite bottom surface. Base  702  also defines a longitudinal arch support  719  that extends upwardly along the medial side of the insole to provide extra cushion and support to the arch area of the foot. 
     The bottom surface of base  702  defines a forefoot pad recession area in the forefoot area and a stability cradle recession area  705  along the midfoot and heel areas. The bottom surface of base  702  also defines one or more ribs or protrusions  732  that extend outwardly along the arch area. The ribs  732  are preferably longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. 
     Base  702  has a raised edge that wraps around the heel and extends partially along the sides of the foot such that the insole has a heel cup, which conforms to the natural shape of the foot. The height of the raised edge is generally higher and thicker on the medial side of the insole and is lower and thinner on the lateral side of the insole. 
     The forefoot pad recession area begins partially proximal from the toe end of the insole near the distal ends of the proximal phalanges of the foot. The forefoot pad recession area extends rearward to about the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads on a lateral portion and approximately halfway along the 1st and 2nd metatarsals on a medial portion. Preferably the forefoot pad recession area has a rear apex that lies between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals. A forefoot pad is shaped essentially the same as forefoot pad recession area and is secured therein. 
     The stability cradle recession area  705  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  702 . The stability cradle recession area  705  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off Stability cradle  706  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  705  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  705 . 
     Stability cradle  706  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  702  to provide support for the foot. Preferably, stability cradle  706  ranges from approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm thick and the walls taper from approximately 3 mm to about 0.5 mm. The sides of stability cradle  706  are preferably higher on the medial side of the foot because of the higher loading. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  706  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear with other footwear, or vice versa, is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improve the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use by allowing the insole to resist movement out of the shoe during these change-over or swapping activities. The faceted design increases the internal function quotient of the insole significantly (by as much as 50% compared to non-faceted or smooth stability cradles) when located in the shoe cavity, thereby preventing the insole&#39;s movement or exit from the shoe cavity. 
     The stability cradle  706  preferably defines one or more rib-shaped openings  731 . In a preferred embodiment, the rib-shaped openings  731  allow said ribs  732  of base  702  to extend therethrough. Preferably, base  702  is molded so that the ribs  732  project into rib-shaped openings  731  so that the ribs  732  are approximately flush with the outer surface of stability cradle  706  and mechanically lock stability cradle  706  and base  702  together. Advantageously, the ribs  732  are also able to bulge through rib-shaped openings  731  when base  702  is compressed (e.g., while walking or running) to provide additional cushioning and support to the arch of the foot. Preferably said ribs  732  extend outwardly approximately 0.50 mm to 1.5 mm and have a width of approximately 4 mm. The rib-shaped openings  731  allow the stability cradle  706  to be more flexible in the arch area compared to the rest of the stability cradle  706 . 
     In an alternate embodiment, stability cradle  706  defines one or more protruding ribs instead of openings. The protruding ribs extend outwardly along the arch area. The protruding ribs are longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. The protruding ribs extend outward approximately 0.50 mm. 
     Stability cradle  706  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening that extends from the behind the 3 rd  though 5 th  metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. A lateral midfoot pod is shaped essentially the same as lateral midfoot pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  702  within the stability cradle recession area  705  in a location that correlates to the lateral midfoot pod opening and allows lateral midfoot pod to extend out through said lateral midfoot pod opening. 
     Stability cradle  706  also defines a lateral heel pod opening that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  706  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  702  within the stability cradle recession area  705  in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening and allows lateral heel pod to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening. 
     Stability cradle  706  defines a medial heel pod opening that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  702  just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod  716  is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  702  within the stability cradle recession area  705  in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening and allows medial heel pod  716  to extend out through said medial heel pod opening. 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  702  is covered with top sheet  701 , which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  701  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
     Preferably, the top surface of the base defines an upwardly-extending portion or transverse arch support  738  that lies under the metatarsal head area of the foot. The upward extension of transverse arch support  738  pushes up a portion of the top sheet  701  that corresponds to the area of the transverse arch support  738 . 
     Traverse arch support  738  preferably lies under the second to fourth metatarsal heads. Traverse arch support  738  provides additional stability and cushioning to the forefoot and middle of the foot. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a rear view of the insole. Insole  800  preferably comprises a top sheet  801  and a base  802  having a top surface secured to said top sheet and an opposite bottom surface. Base  802  also defines a longitudinal arch support  819  that extends upwardly along the medial side of the insole to provide extra cushion and support to the arch area of the foot. 
     The bottom surface of base  802  defines a forefoot pad recession area in the forefoot area and a stability cradle recession area  805  along the midfoot and heel areas. The bottom surface of base  802  also define one or more ribs or protrusions  832  that extend outwardly along the arch area. The ribs  832  are preferably longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. An alternate embodiment has the ribs or protrusions defined by the stability cradle  806  and extending outwardly from the stability cradle  806  in the arch area. 
     Base  802  has a raised edge that wraps around the heel and extends partially along the sides of the foot such that the insole has a heel cup, which conforms to the natural shape of the foot. The height of the raised edge is generally higher and thicker on the medial side of the insole and is lower and thinner on the lateral side of the insole. 
     The forefoot pad recession area begins partially proximal from the toe end of the insole near the distal ends of the proximal phalanges of the foot. The forefoot pad recession area extends rearward to about the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads on a lateral portion and approximately halfway along the 1st and 2nd metatarsals on a medial portion. Preferably the forefoot pad recession area has a rear apex that lies between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals. A forefoot pad is shaped essentially the same as forefoot pad recession area and is secured therein. 
     The stability cradle recession area  805  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  802 . The stability cradle recession area  805  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off. Stability cradle  806  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  805  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  805 . 
     Stability cradle  806  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  802  to provide support for the foot. Preferably, stability cradle  806  ranges from approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm thick and the walls taper from approximately 3 mm to about 0.5 mm. The sides of stability cradle  806  are preferably higher on the medial side of the foot because of the higher loading. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  806  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear with other footwear, or vice versa, is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improves the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use by allowing the insole to resist movement out of the shoe during these change-over or swapping activities. The faceted design increases the internal function quotient of the insole significantly (by as much as 50% compared to non-faceted or smooth stability cradles) when located in the shoe cavity, thereby preventing the insole&#39;s movement or exit from the shoe cavity. 
     The stability cradle  806  preferably defines one or more rib-shaped openings  831 . In a preferred embodiment, the rib-shaped openings  831  allow said ribs  832  of base  802  to extend therethrough. Preferably, base  802  is molded so that the ribs  832  project into rib-shaped openings  831  so that the ribs  832  are approximately flush with the outer surface of stability cradle  806  and mechanically lock stability cradle  806  and base  802  together. Advantageously, the ribs  832  are also able to bulge through rib-shaped openings  831  when base  802  is compressed (e.g., while walking or running) to provide additional cushioning and support to the arch of the foot. Preferably said ribs  832  extend outwardly approximately 0.50 mm to 1.5 mm and have a width of approximately 4 mm. The rib-shaped openings  831  allow the stability cradle  806  to be more flexible in the arch area compared to the rest of the stability cradle  806 . 
     In an alternate embodiment, stability cradle  806  defines one or more protruding ribs instead of openings. The protruding ribs extend outwardly along the arch area. The protruding ribs are longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. The protruding ribs extend outward approximately 0.50 mm. 
     Stability cradle  806  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening that extends from the behind the 3 rd  though 5 th  metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. A lateral midfoot pod is shaped essentially the same as lateral midfoot pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  802  within the stability cradle recession area  805  in a location that correlates to the lateral midfoot pod opening and allows lateral midfoot pod to extend out through said lateral midfoot pod opening. 
     Stability cradle  806  also defines a lateral heel pod opening that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  806  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod  814  is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  802  within the stability cradle recession area  805  in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening and allows lateral heel pod  814  to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening. 
     Stability cradle  806  defines a medial heel pod opening that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  802  just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod  816  is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  802  within the stability cradle recession area  805  in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening and allows medial heel pod  816  to extend out through said medial heel pod opening. 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  802  is covered with top sheet  801 , which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  801  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
       FIG. 9  is a section view  9 - 9  along the middle of the insole as identified in  FIGS. 4 and 5 . Insole  900  preferably comprises a top sheet  901  and a base  902  having a top surface secured to said top sheet  901  and an opposite bottom surface. The bottom surface of base  902  defines a forefoot pad recession area  907  in the forefoot area and a stability cradle recession area  905  along the midfoot and heel areas. 
     Base  902  has a raised edge that wraps around the heel and extends partially along the sides of the foot such that the insole has a heel cup, which conforms to the natural shape of the foot. As best seen in  FIGS. 10-12 , the height of the raised edge is generally higher and thicker on the medial side of the insole and is lower and thinner on the lateral side of the insole. 
     Preferably, the top surface of the base  902  defines an upwardly-extending portion or transverse arch support  938  that lies under the metatarsal head area of the foot. The upward extension of transverse arch support  938  pushes up a portion of the top sheet  901  that corresponds to the area of the transverse arch support  938 . Traverse arch support  938  preferably lies under the second to fourth metatarsal heads. Traverse arch support  938  provides additional stability and cushioning to the forefoot and middle of the foot. 
     The forefoot pad recession area  907  begins partially proximal form the toe end of the insole near the distal ends of the proximal phalanges of the foot. The forefoot pad recession area  907  extends rearward to about the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads on a lateral portion and approximately halfway along the 1st and 2nd metatarsals on a medial portion. Preferably the forefoot pad recession area  907  has a rear apex that lies between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals. 
     Forefoot pad  908  is shaped essentially the same as forefoot pad recession area  907  and is secured therein. Forefoot pad  908  has a medial edge, a lateral edge, a proximal (back) edge and a distal (front) edge. The medial edge of forefoot pad  908  extends along a line spaced laterally from said medial border of said insole. The proximal edge extends from said medial edge laterally and proximally to said rear apex  957 , laterally and distally towards the 3rd metatarsal head, then laterally and proximally to the lateral edge approximately along the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads. The lateral edge connects said proximal edge to said top edge of said forefoot pad. In use, forefoot pad recession area  907  and forefoot pad  908  underlie the big toe of a user&#39;s foot, and the “ball” of the foot, excluding the first metatarsal head or medial ball of the user&#39;s foot.  FIG. 11  shows the placement of foot bones on the insole. 
     An adhesive is be used to secure the components. The forefoot pad  908  provides cushioning and energy return on landing from a vertical jump. It serves as a propulsion pad and support for the metatarsal heads of a user&#39;s foot, especially the 1st and 2nd metatarsal heads. 
     It is estimated that using tougher materials increases the durability of the insole by 35% to 65% over insoles that use softer materials for this portion of the foot insole. 
     The stability cradle recession area  905  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  902 . The stability cradle recession area  905  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area  907  to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off. Stability cradle  906  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  905  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  905 . 
     Stability cradle  906  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  902  to provide support for the foot. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  906  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear with other footwear, or vice versa, is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improves the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use by allowing the insole to resist movement out of the shoe during these change-over or swapping activities. The faceted design increases the internal function quotient of the insole significantly (by as much as 50% compared to non-faceted or smooth stability cradles) when located in the shoe cavity, thereby preventing the insole&#39;s movement or exit from the shoe cavity. 
     In accordance with principles of the present invention, a cushioning core or base is combined with a relatively stiff stability cradle and a number of elastomeric pods to form an insole that provides cushioning, stability, and control. Each pod can have a different firmness, and there are three pods that include a lateral midfoot pod, a medial heel pod, and a lateral heel pod. The pods can be adjusted to address issues of over/under pronation, over/under supination, and other problems related to foot motion by altering the size, shape, and material properties of the pods. The pods are separate in the heel pad area, and the midfoot and heel pads have grooved patterns on their bottom surface for better cushioning and traction grip in the shoe. 
     Stability cradle  906  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening that extends from the behind the 3rd though 5th metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. The length of the lateral midfoot pod opening is preferably sufficient to provide cushioning to the lateral aspect of the midfoot. Lateral midfoot pod is shaped essentially the same as lateral midfoot pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  902  within the stability cradle recession area  905  in a location that correlates to the lateral midfoot pod opening and allows lateral midfoot pod to extend out through said lateral midfoot pod opening. 
     Stability cradle  906  also defines a lateral heel pod opening  913  that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  906  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening  911  toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod  914  is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening  913  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  902  within the stability cradle recession area  905  in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening  913  and allows lateral heel pod  914  to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening  913 . Lateral heel pod  914  has a lateral edge which extends along the lateral border of insole  900  from said heel end to a lateral heel edge spaced apart from said lateral midfoot pod. The lateral edge curves in the area of the heel to follow the outline of the insole heel end. The lateral heel pod  914  also has a medial curvilinear edge. The overall configuration is roughly a multi-sided geometric shape with curved edges as described rather than straight lines. 
     The configuration, material and position of the lateral heel pod  914  provides cushioning and works in association with the medial heel pod  915  to stabilize the ankle. 
     Stability cradle  906  defines a medial heel pod opening  915  that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  902  just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod  916  is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening  915  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  902  within the stability cradle recession area  905  in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening  915  and allows medial heel pod  916  to extend out through said medial heel pod opening  915 . The medial heel pod  916  has essentially a pea-pod shape; it has a medial edge and a lateral edge which are connected to one another at a first distal apex and a second proximal apex. The edges widen out opposite one another to define said medial heel pod. 
     Foot contact with the ground is generally divided into three phases: heel strike, midfoot support, and toe off. During heel strike, the heel of the foot impacts the ground with significant force. To cushion the impact, lateral heel pod  914  is positioned along the rear and lateral side of the calcaneus (heel bone) and extends outwardly below stability cradle  906 . Preferably, lateral heel pod  914  is made of a material having suitable cushioning properties and are selected based on an intended type of activity. 
     Following the initial impact of the heel with the ground, the foot twists, or pronates, bringing the medial side of the heel into contact with the ground. The foot is sensitive to the amount of pronation as well as the rate at which the pronation occurs. Pronation is natural, and some degree of pronation is desirable because it serves to absorb the stresses and forces on the foot during walking or running. However, an excessive amount or rate of pronation results in injury. 
     Stability cradle  906  provides firm support along the medial portion of the foot to help control the amount of pronation. Medial heel pod  916  helps to control the rate of pronation by forming medial heel pod  916  out of a material having different characteristics than lateral heel pod  914 . For example, to reduce a pronation rate, medial heel pod  916  is made from a firmer material than lateral heel pod  914 . A firmer or stiffer material does not compress as much or as fast as a softer material under the same load. Thus, a medial heel pod  916  made from a firmer material would compress less than a lateral heel pod  914  made of a softer material. As a result, medial heel pod  916  tends to resist or counteract pronation and thereby help to reduce the degree and rate of pronation. Conversely, making medial heel pod  916  from a softer material than lateral heel pod  914  would tend to increase the amount and rate of pronation. 
     Preferably, the firmness of the material used in medial heel pod  916  is selected based on the firmness of lateral heel pod  914  and on the type of intended activity. For example, the firmness of lateral heel pod  914  and medial heel pod  916  differs by about 20-30% for an insole to be used during light to moderate activities. 
     Carrying a heavy backpack or other articles significantly increases the load on the foot and the rate of pronation during and following heel strike. Accordingly, medial heel pod  916  is made significantly firmer in an insole designed for use while backpacking. As an example, a difference in firmness of about 20-40% is more appropriate for such activities. 
     Lateral midfoot pod  912  provides cushioning and control to the lateral side of the foot during the midstance portion of a step. Typically, lateral midfoot pod is formed of a material having the same properties, e.g., firmness, as lateral heel pod  914 . However, a material having different characteristics may also be used. 
     The use of dual density heel pods is employed to cause a kinetic change in foot function to promote ankle stability. It is also not out of the scope of the invention to have the medial heel pod softer than the lateral heel pod and/or lateral midfoot pod or any combination thereof to address different joint moments or ankle rolls. 
     At the beginning of the propulsion or toe-off phase of a step, the heel begins to lift from the ground and weight shifts to the ball of the foot. Forefoot pad  908  is located under this part of the foot. Preferably, forefoot pad  908  is formed of a relatively resilient material so that energy put into compressing forefoot pad  908  is returned to help propel the foot at toe-off. 
     During toe off, the first metatarsal naturally flexes downward. Preventing this natural downward flex of the first metatarsal causes the arch of the foot to flatten and the foot to over pronate, increasing stress on the ankles and knees. To accommodate the downward flex, the medial portion of forefoot pad  908  extends rearward into a corresponding concave edge portion of the distal edge of stability cradle  906 . The shape of the stability cradle  906  and forefoot pad  908  permit the first metatarsal to flex more naturally and thereby encourage loading of the great toe during toe off. 
     The forefoot pad  920 , lateral midfoot pod  921 , lateral heel pod  922 , and medial heel pod  923  are constructed with a criss-cross groove pattern on the bottom surface of the pod or pad. The criss-cross groove pattern introduces air gaps into the pod/pad surfaces. Such air gaps and criss-cross groove patterns positively influence the impact absorption properties. It also allows for use of less material and therefore a lighter insole while still providing the desired cushioning function. Preferably, the forefoot criss-cross groove pattern  920  is approximately 0.75 mm deep. Preferably the lateral midfoot and heel criss-cross groove patterns are approximately 1.00 to 3.00 mm deep. Preferably, the medial heel criss-cross groove pattern  923  is approximately 1.00 to 2.50 mm deep. 
     For a men&#39;s size 11-12 insole, the width of the forefoot pad from the medial to lateral side is about 85 to 95 mm. The height is about 100 to 110 mm. The depth is about 0.95 to 1.50 mm. 
     It is desirable to minimize the total weight of the insoles by selection of materials working with the structural features of the insole. It is desirable that the total weight of the preferred embodiment of the insole (men&#39;s size 10/11) be about 4.0 ounces. It is desirable that the total weight of an alternate embodiment of the insole be about 5.0 to 6.0 ounces for a men&#39;s size 10/11 and about 6.5 to 7.5 ounces for a men&#39;s size 12/13. Other sizes will be proportional. Using the criss-cross groove pattern designs will help provide a lighter insole. 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  902  is covered with top sheet  901 , which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  901  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
     In a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the various components of an insole which are secured to base  902  in the recession areas defined by base  902  on the bottom surface are permanently affixed to base  902  using an appropriate means such as an adhesive. The components also be secured during the molding process using techniques known in the art of molding insoles. 
     The recession areas are also be lined with a cloth having a base surface and a pad/pod surface, secured to said base along said base surface and said pad/pod along said pad/pod surface. Alternatively, a cloth is secured to pad/pod and then the composite structure secured to the recession area. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates a cross section  10 - 10  as identified in  FIGS. 4 and 5 . Insole  1000  preferably comprises a top sheet  1001  and a base  1002  having a top surface secured to said top sheet  1001  and an opposite bottom surface. The bottom surface of base  1002  defines a forefoot pad recession area and a stability cradle recession area. 
     The stability cradle recession area  1005  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  1002 . The stability cradle recession area  1005  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off. Stability cradle  106  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  1005  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  1005 . 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  1006  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improve the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use. 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  1002  is covered with top sheet  1001 , which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  1001  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
     Preferably, the top surface of the base defines an upwardly-extending portion or transverse arch support  1038  that lies under the metatarsal head area of the foot. The upward extension of transverse arch support  1038  pushes up a portion of the top sheet  1001  that corresponds to the area of the transverse arch support  1038 . 
     Traverse arch support  1038  preferably lies under the second to fourth metatarsal heads. Traverse arch support  1038  provides additional stability to the forefoot and middle of the foot. 
       FIG. 11  illustrates a cross section  11 - 11  as identified in  FIGS. 4 and 5 . Insole  1100  preferably comprises a top sheet  1101  and a base  1102  having a top surface secured to said top sheet  1101  and an opposite bottom surface. The bottom surface of base  1102  defines a forefoot pad recession area and a stability cradle recession area. 
     The stability cradle recession area  1105  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  1102 . The stability cradle recession area  1105  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off Stability cradle  116  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  1105  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  1105 . Stability cradle  1106  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  102  to provide support for the foot. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  1106  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improves the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use. 
     The stability cradle  1106  preferably defines one or more rib-shaped openings  1131 . In a preferred embodiment, the rib-shaped openings  1131  allow said ribs  1132  of base  1102  to extend therethrough. Preferably, base  1102  is molded so that the ribs  1132  project into rib-shaped openings  1131  so that the ribs  1132  are approximately flush with the outer surface of stability cradle  1106  and mechanically lock stability cradle  106  and base  1102  together. Advantageously, the ribs  1132  are also able to bulge through rib-shaped openings  1131  when base  1102  is compressed (e.g., while walking or running) to provide additional cushioning and support to the arch of the foot. Preferably said ribs  1132  extend outwardly approximately 0.50 mm to 1.5 mm and have a width of approximately 4 mm. The rib-shaped openings  1131  allow the stability cradle  1106  to be more flexible in the arch area compared to the rest of the stability cradle  1106 . 
     In an alternate embodiment, stability cradle  1106  defines one or more protruding ribs instead of openings. The protruding ribs extend outwardly along the arch area. The protruding ribs are longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. The protruding ribs extend outward approximately 0.50 mm. 
     Stability cradle  106  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening  1111  that extends from the behind the 3rd though 5th metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. The length of the lateral midfoot pod opening  1111  is preferably sufficient to provide cushioning to the lateral aspect of the midfoot. Lateral midfoot pod  1112  is shaped essentially the same as lateral midfoot pod opening  1111  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1102  within the stability cradle recession area in a location that correlates to the lateral midfoot pod opening  1111  and allows lateral midfoot pod  1112  to extend out through said lateral midfoot pod opening  1111 . 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  1102  is covered with top sheet  1101 , which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  1101  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
       FIG. 12  illustrates a cross section  12 - 12  as identified in  FIGS. 4 and 5 . Insole  1200  preferably comprises a top sheet  1201  and a base  1202  having a top surface secured to said top sheet  1201  and an opposite bottom surface. The bottom surface of base  1202  defines a forefoot pad recession area and a stability cradle recession area. 
     The stability cradle recession area  1205  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  1202 . The stability cradle recession area  1205  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off Stability cradle  1206  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  1205  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  1205 . Stability cradle  1206  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  102  to provide support for the foot. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  1206  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improves the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use. 
     Stability cradle  1206  also defines a lateral heel pod opening  1213  that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  1206  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening  1211  toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod  1214  is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening  1213  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1202  within the stability cradle recession area  1205  in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening  1213  and allows lateral heel pod  1214  to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening  1213 . Lateral heel pod  1214  has a lateral edge which extends along the lateral border of insole  1200  from said heel end to a lateral heel edge spaced apart from said lateral midfoot pod. The lateral edge curves in the area of the heel to follow the outline of the insole heel end. The lateral heel pod  1214  also has a medial curvilinear edge. The overall configuration is roughly a multi-sided geometric shape with curved edges as described rather than straight lines. 
     In accordance with principles of the present invention, a cushioning core or base is combined with a relatively stiff stability cradle and a number of elastomeric pods to form an insole that provides cushioning, stability, and control. Each pod can have a different firmness, and there are three pods that include a lateral midfoot pod, a medial heel pod, and a lateral heel pod. The pods can be adjusted to address issues of over/under pronation, over/under supination, and other problems related to foot motion by altering the size, shape, and material properties of the pods. The pods are separate in the heel pad area, and the midfoot and heel pads have grooved patterns on their bottom surface for better cushioning and traction grip in the shoe. 
     Stability cradle  1206  defines a medial heel pod opening  1215  that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  1202  just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod  1216  is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening  1215  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1202  within the stability cradle recession area  1205  in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening  1215  and allows medial heel pod  1216  to extend out through said medial heel pod opening  1215 . The medial heel pod  1216  has essentially a pea-pod shape; it has a medial edge and a lateral edge which are connected to one another at a first distal apex and a second proximal apex. The edges widen out opposite one another to define said medial heel pod. 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  1202  is covered with top sheet  1201 , which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  1201  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
       FIG. 13  illustrates the bones of the foot superimposed over a bottom view of the insole of the present invention. At the heel of the foot is the calcaneus  1370  and forward of the calcaneus  1370  is the talus  1372 . Forward of the talus  1372  on the medial side is the navicular  1374  and on the lateral side is the cuboid  1376 . Forward of the cuboid  1376  and the navicular  1374  are cuneiforms  1378 . Forward of the cuneiforms  1378  and cuboid  1376  are the metatarsals  1380 A- 1380 E. The first metatarsal  1380 A is located on the medial side of the foot and the fifth metatarsal  1380 E is located on the lateral side of the foot. Forward of the metatarsals  1380 A- 1380 E are the proximal phalanges  1382 . Forward of the proximal phalanges  1382  are the middle phalanges  1384 , and at the end of each toe are the distal phalanges  1386 . 
       FIG. 14  shows the bottom view of the insole (similar to  FIG. 5 ) and illustrates the various areas of the insole: distal medial arch area  1465 , lateral midfoot area  1466 , proximal medial arch area  1467 , medial heel area  1468 , lateral heel area  1469 , forefoot area  1493 , toe area  1491 , metatarsal head area  1492 , midfoot area  1494 , and heel area  1495 . 
     Forefoot area  1493  comprises toe area  1491  and metatarsal head area  1492 , encompassing the entire width of the insole from the toe end to behind the metatarsal heads or “balls” of the feet. Toe area  1491  has a length extending from the toe end to a diagonal edge that runs generally behind the 1 st  distal phalange and 2 nd  and 3 rd  middle phalanges and 4 th  and 5 th  distal phalanges and forward of the metatarsal heads. Toe area  1491  has a width extending from the medial border to the lateral border. Metatarsal head area  1492 , comprising first metatarsal head area  1403  and lesser metatarsal head area  1404 , has a length extending from a front diagonal edge, adjacent the diagonal edge of toe area  1491 , to a back diagonal edge that generally runs behind the metatarsal heads. Metatarsal head area  1492  has a width extending from the medial border to the lateral border. 
     Midfoot area  1494  comprises distal medial arch area  1465  and lateral midfoot area  1466 . Midfoot area  1494  has a front edge adjacent forefoot area  1493  or metatarsal head area  1492  and a back edge that runs diagonally from between the talus and navicular on the medial side to just behind the cuboid on the lateral side. Midfoot area  1494  has a width extending from the medial border to the lateral border. 
     Distal medial arch area  1465  extends from a front edge just behind the first metatarsal head and adjacent the back diagonal edge of metatarsal head area  1492  to a back edge between the talus and navicular. The width of distal medial arch area  1465  extends from the medial border to near the middle of the foot. Lateral midfoot area  1466  extends from the back diagonal edge of metatarsal head area  1492  to a back edge just behind the cuboid. The width of lateral midfoot area extends from near the middle of the foot to the lateral border. 
     Heel area  1495  comprises proximal medial arch area  1467 , medial heel area  1468 , and lateral heel area  1469 . Heel area  1495  has a front edge adjacent the back edge of midfoot area  1494  and extends proximally to the heel end. Heel area  1495  has a width extending from the medial border to the lateral border. 
     Proximal medial arch area  1467  extends from a front edge between the talus and navicular or adjacent the front edge of heel area  1495  to a back point along the medial border about midway between the heel end and the talus. The width of proximal medial arch area  1467  extends from the medial border to diagonal lateral edge where the diagonal lateral edge extends from about a third of the insole width laterally from the medial border along the front edge of the heel area  1495  to the back point of proximal medial arch area  1467 . 
     Lateral heel area  1469  extends from a front edge just behind the cuboid or adjacent the front edge of heel area  1495  to the heel end. The width of lateral heel area extends from a diagonal medial edge to the lateral border where diagonal medial edge extends from about a third of the insole width medially from the lateral border along the front edge of the heel area  1495  to a point just medial of the heel end. 
     Medial heel area  1468  extends from the front edge of the heel area  1495  to the medial border just medial of the heel end. The width of medial heel area  1468  extends from the lateral diagonal edge of proximal medial arch area  1467  to the medial diagonal edge of lateral heel area  1469 . 
     Forefoot pad recession area  1467  preferably extends the entire length of the metatarsal head area  1492  on the medial half and from the front diagonal edge of metatarsal head area  1492  to 3 rd  through 5 th  metatarsal heads on the lateral half. Forefoot pad  1468  is secured to the forefoot pad recession area  1467 . 
     Stability cradle  1406  is located in the entire midfoot area  1494  and heel area  1495 . A portion of stability cradle  1406  on the lateral half extends forward into metatarsal head area  1492  to just behind the 3 rd  through 5 th  metatarsal heads. 
     In a preferred embodiment, ribs  1432  of base  1402  extend through rib openings  1431  and are located in the majority of the distal medial arch area  1465  and proximal medial arch area  1467 . In an alternate embodiment, the ribs or protrusions are defined by the stability cradle  1406  and extending outwardly from the stability cradle  1406  and are located in the majority of the distal medial arch area  1465  and proximal medial arch area  1467 . 
     Lateral midfoot pod opening is located approximately in the middle third of the lateral midfoot area  1466 . Lateral midfoot pod opening extends essentially the entire length of lateral midfoot area  1466 . Lateral midfoot pod  1412  is secured to lateral midfoot pod opening. 
     Medial heel pod opening is located in the majority of the medial heel area  1468 . Medial heel pod  1416  is secured to medial heel pod opening. Lateral heel pod opening is located in the majority of the lateral heel area  1469 . Lateral heel pod  1414  is secured to lateral heel pod opening. 
       FIGS. 15A-15E  illustrate the preferred embodiment or an insole for triathlon racing.  FIGS. 15A-1 and 15A-2  shows the top and bottom perspective views. The current invention is an insole that incorporates, but is not limited to: (1) a faceted stability cradle with a plurality of stability ribs, (2) plurality of pods, (3) a forefoot pad (4) criss-cross groove patterns on the bottom surface of the pods and forefoot pads, and (5) a jadeite cooling top cloth. In accordance with principles of the present invention, a cushioning core or base is combined with a relatively stiff stability cradle and a number of elastomeric pods to form an insole that provides cushioning, stability, and control. Each pod can have a different firmness, and there are three pods that include a lateral midfoot pod, a medial heel pod, and a lateral heel pod. The pods can be adjusted to address issues of over/under pronation, over/under supination, and other problems related to foot motion by altering the size, shape, and material properties of the pods. The pods are separate in the heel pad area, and the midfoot and heel pads have grooved patterns on their bottom surface for better cushioning and traction grip in the shoe. The present invention accomplishes the goals to: (1) improve ankle and foot stability, (2) cushion the heel and forefoot during push-offs and landings, (3) help prevent insole movement or sliding during shoe operation and change-overs, and (4) provide enhanced cushioning features to the heel, midfoot, arch and forefoot during running and cross-training exercises. 
       FIG. 15A-1  is a top view of the insole  1500  illustrating the top sheet  1501  and transverse arch support  1538 . Insole  1500  comprises a top sheet  1501  secured across the entire top surface of the base from toe area to heel area. Preferably, the top surface of the base defines an upwardly-extending portion or transverse arch support  1538  that lies under the metatarsal head area of the foot. The upward extension of transverse arch support  1538  pushes up a portion of the top sheet  401  that corresponds to the area of the transverse arch support  1538 . 
     Traverse arch support  1538  preferably lies under the second to fourth metatarsal heads. Traverse arch support  1538  provides additional stability and cushioning to the forefoot and middle of the foot. 
     In a preferred embodiment, top sheet  1501  is a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  1501  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. A series of air holes extend through top sheet  1501  and the base to permit air circulation above and below insole  1500 . 
       FIG. 15A-2  illustrates the bottom view of the insole. Insole  1500  preferably comprises a top sheet  1501  and a base  1502  having a top surface secured to said top sheet and an opposite bottom surface. Base  1502  also defines a longitudinal arch support  1519  that extends upwardly along the medial side of the insole to provide extra cushion and support to the arch area of the foot. 
     The bottom surface of base  1502  defines a forefoot pad recession area  1507  in the forefoot area and a stability cradle recession area  1505  along the midfoot and heel areas. The bottom surface of base  1502  also defines one or more ribs or protrusions  1532  that extend outwardly along the arch area. The ribs  1532  are preferably longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. 
     Base  1502  has a raised edge that wraps around the heel and extends partially along the sides of the foot such that the insole has a heel cup, which conforms to the natural shape of the foot. As best seen in  FIGS. 15B-7 to 15B-10 , the height of the raised edge is generally higher and thicker on the medial side of the insole and is lower and thinner on the lateral side of the insole. 
     The forefoot pad recession area  1507  begins partially proximal form the toe end of the insole near the distal ends of the proximal phalanges of the foot. The forefoot pad recession area  1507  extends rearward to about the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads on a lateral portion and approximately halfway along the 1st and 2nd metatarsals on a medial portion. Preferably the forefoot pad recession area  1507  has a rear apex  1557  that lies between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals. 
     Forefoot pad  1508  is shaped essentially the same as forefoot pad recession area  1507  and is secured therein. Forefoot pad  1508  has a medial edge, a lateral edge, a proximal (back) edge and a distal (front) edge. The medial edge of forefoot pad  1508  extends along a line spaced laterally from said medial border of said insole. The proximal edge extends from said medial edge laterally and proximally to said rear apex  1557 , laterally and distally towards the 3rd metatarsal head, then laterally and proximally to the lateral edge approximately along the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads. The lateral edge connects said proximal edge to said top edge of said forefoot pad. In use, forefoot pad recession area  1507  and forefoot pad  1508  underlie the big toe of a user&#39;s foot, and the “ball” of the foot, excluding the first metatarsal head or medial ball of the user&#39;s foot.  FIG. 13  shows the placement of foot bones on the insole. 
     An adhesive is used to secure the components. The forefoot pad  1508  provides cushioning and energy return on landing from a vertical jump. It serves as a propulsion pad and support for the metatarsal heads of a user&#39;s foot, especially the 1st and 2nd metatarsal heads. 
     It is estimated that using tougher materials increase the durability of the insole by 35% to 65% over insoles that use softer materials for this portion of the foot insole. 
     The stability cradle recession area  1505  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  1502 . The stability cradle recession area  1505  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area  1507  to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off. Stability cradle  1506  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  1505  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  1505 . 
     Stability cradle  1506  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  1502  to provide support for the foot. Preferably, stability cradle  1506  ranges from approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm thick and the walls taper from approximately 3 mm to about 0.5 mm. The sides of stability cradle  1506  are preferably higher on the medial side of the foot because of the higher loading. Preferably, stability cradle  1506  is made of a nylon material with a hardness of approximately Shore A 95. In a preferred embodiment, the stability cradle is semi-rigid. In an alternate embodiment, the stability cradle is rigid. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  1506  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear to other footwear, or vice versa, is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improve the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use by allowing the insole to resist movement out of the shoe during these change-over or swapping activities. The faceted design increases the internal function quotient of the insole significantly (by as much as 50% compared to non-faceted or smooth stability cradles) when located in the shoe cavity, thereby preventing the insole&#39;s movement or exit from the shoe cavity. 
     The stability cradle  1506  preferably defines one or more rib-shaped openings  1531 . In a preferred embodiment, the rib-shaped openings  1531  allow said ribs  1532  of base  1502  to extend therethrough. Preferably, base  1502  is molded so that the ribs  1532  project into rib-shaped openings  1531  so that the ribs  1532  are approximately flush with the outer surface of stability cradle  1506  and mechanically lock stability cradle  1506  and base  1502  together. Advantageously, the ribs  1532  are also able to bulge through rib-shaped openings  1531  when base  1502  is compressed (e.g., while walking or running) to provide additional cushioning and support to the arch of the foot. Preferably said ribs  1532  extend outwardly approximately 0.50 mm to 1.5 mm and have a width of approximately 4 mm. The rib-shaped openings  1531  allow the stability cradle  1506  to be more flexible in the arch area compared to the rest of the stability cradle  1506 . 
     In an alternate embodiment, stability cradle  1506  defines one or more protruding ribs instead of openings. The protruding ribs extend outwardly along the arch area. The protruding ribs are longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. The protruding ribs extend outward approximately 0.50 mm. 
     In accordance with principles of the present invention, a cushioning core or base is combined with a relatively stiff stability cradle and a number of elastomeric pods to form an insole that provides cushioning, stability, and control. Each pod can have a different firmness, and there are three pods that include a lateral midfoot pod, a medial heel pod, and a lateral heel pod. The pods can be adjusted to address issues of over/under pronation, over/under supination, and other problems related to foot motion by altering the size, shape, and material properties of the pods. The pods are separate in the heel pad area, and the midfoot and heel pads have grooved patterns on their bottom surface for better cushioning and traction grip in the shoe. 
     Stability cradle  1506  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening  1511  that extends from the behind the 3rd though 5th metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. The length of the lateral midfoot pod opening  1511  is preferably sufficient to provide cushioning to the lateral aspect of the midfoot. Lateral midfoot pod  1512  is shaped essentially the same as lateral midfoot pod opening  1511  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1502  within the stability cradle recession area  1505  in a location that correlates to the lateral midfoot pod opening  1511  and allows lateral midfoot pod  1512  to extend out through said lateral midfoot pod opening  1511 . 
     Lateral midfoot pod  1512  is preferably made from TPR or PU of a hardness of about 45-50 ASKER C. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base  1502  in the lateral midfoot pod opening  1511  of said base  1502 . The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base  1502 . 
     Stability cradle  1506  also defines a lateral heel pod opening  1513  that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  1506  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening  1511  toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod  1514  is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening  1513  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1502  within the stability cradle recession area  1505  in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening  1513  and allows lateral heel pod  1514  to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening  1513 . Lateral heel pod  1514  has a lateral edge which extends along the lateral border of insole  1500  from said heel end to a lateral heel edge spaced apart from said lateral midfoot pod. The lateral edge curves in the area of the heel to follow the outline of the insole heel end. The lateral heel pod  1514  also has a medial curvilinear edge. The overall configuration is roughly a multi-sided geometric shape with curved edges as described rather than straight lines. 
     The configuration, material and position of the lateral heel pod  1514  provides cushioning and works in association with the medial heel pod  515  to stabilize the ankle. The hardness of the lateral heel pod is preferably essentially the same as the lateral midfoot pod, which work in concert to help reduce the incidence of lateral ankle roll-overs. It is preferably made of TPR or PU of a hardness of about Shore C 45-50. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base  1502  in the lateral heel pod opening  1511  of said base  1502 . The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base  1502 . 
     Stability cradle  1506  defines a medial heel pod opening  1515  that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  1502  just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod  1516  is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening  1515  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1502  within the stability cradle recession area  1505  in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening  1515  and allows medial heel pod  1516  to extend out through said medial heel pod opening  1515 . The medial heel pod  1516  has essentially a pea-pod shape; it has a medial edge and a lateral edge which are connected to one another at a first distal apex and a second proximal apex. The edges widen out opposite one another to define said medial heel pod. 
     Medial heel pod  1516  is preferably made from TPR or PU of a hardness of about 60 ASKER C±3. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base  1502  in the medial heel pod opening  1515  of said base  1502 . The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base  1502 . 
     Foot contact with the ground is generally divided into three phases: heel strike, midfoot support, and toe off. During heel strike, the heel of the foot impacts the ground with significant force. To cushion the impact, lateral heel pod  1514  is positioned along the rear and lateral side of the calcaneus (heel bone) and extends outwardly below stability cradle  1506 . Preferably, lateral heel pod  1514  is made of a material having suitable cushioning properties and are selected based on an intended type of activity. 
     Following the initial impact of the heel with the ground, the foot twists, or pronates, bringing the medial side of the heel into contact with the ground. The foot is sensitive to the amount of pronation as well as the rate at which the pronation occurs. Pronation is natural, and some degree of pronation is desirable because it serves to absorb the stresses and forces on the foot during walking or running. However, an excessive amount or rate of pronation results in injury. 
     Stability cradle  1506  provides firm support along the medial portion of the foot to help control the amount of pronation. Medial heel pod  1516  helps to control the rate of pronation by forming medial heel pod  1516  out of a material having different characteristics than lateral heel pod  1514 . For example, to reduce a pronation rate, medial heel pod  1516  can be made from a firmer material than lateral heel pod  1514 . A firmer or stiffer material does not compress as much or as fast as a softer material under the same load. Thus, a medial heel pod  1516  made from a firmer material would compress less than a lateral heel pod  1514  made of a softer material. As a result, medial heel pod  1516  tends to resist or counteract pronation and thereby help to reduce the degree and rate of pronation. Conversely, making medial heel pod  1516  from a softer material than lateral heel pod  1514  would tend to increase the amount and rate of pronation. 
     Preferably, the firmness of the material used in medial heel pod  1516  is selected based on the firmness of lateral heel pod  1514  and on the type of intended activity. For example, the firmness of lateral heel pod  1514  and medial heel pod  1516  differs by about 20-30% for an insole to be used during light to moderate activities. 
     Carrying a heavy backpack or other articles significantly increases the load on the foot and the rate of pronation during and following heel strike. Accordingly, medial heel pod  1516  can be made significantly firmer in an insole designed for use while backpacking. As an example, a difference in firmness of about 20-40% is more appropriate for such activities. 
     Lateral midfoot pod  1512  provides cushioning and control to the lateral side of the foot during the midstance portion of a step. Typically, lateral midfoot pod  1512  is formed of a material having the same properties, e.g., firmness, as lateral heel pod  1514 . However, a material having different characteristics can also be used. 
     The use of dual density heel pods is employed to cause a kinetic change in foot function to promote ankle stability. It is also not out of the scope of the invention to have the medial heel pod softer than the lateral heel pod and/or lateral midfoot pod or any combination thereof to address different joint moments or ankle rolls. 
     At the beginning of the propulsion or toe-off phase of a step, the heel begins to lift from the ground and weight shifts to the ball of the foot. Forefoot pad  1508  is located under this part of the foot. Preferably, forefoot pad  1508  is formed of a relatively resilient material so that energy put into compressing forefoot pad  1508  is returned to help propel the foot at toe-off. 
     During toe off, the first metatarsal naturally flexes downward. Preventing this natural downward flex of the first metatarsal causes the arch of the foot to flatten and the foot to over pronate, increasing stress on the ankles and knees. To accommodate the downward flex, the medial portion of forefoot pad  1508  extends rearward into a corresponding concave edge portion of the distal edge of stability cradle  1506 . The shape of the stability cradle  1506  and forefoot pad  1508  permit the first metatarsal to flex more naturally and thereby encourage loading of the great toe during toe off. 
     Base  1502  is preferably made of foam or other material having suitable cushioning properties. Preferably, base  1502  comprises an Ethylene vinyl acetate (“EVA”) foam, which is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, or a Thermoplastic Rubber (“TPR”)/EVA mix. A preferred EVA or TPRIEVA mix has a durometer (hardness) of about Asker C 45-50. 
     Forefoot pad  1508  is preferably made from a Thermoplastic Rubber (“TPR”) or Polyurethane (“PU”). The hardness of the TPR or PU used in the forefoot pad is preferably about 30 Asker C±3. 
     The forefoot pad  1520 , lateral midfoot pod  1521 , lateral heel pod  1522 , and medial heel pod  1523  are constructed with a criss-cross groove pattern on the bottom surface of the pod or pad. The criss-cross groove pattern introduces air gaps into the pod/pad surfaces. Such air gaps and criss-cross groove patterns positively influence the impact absorption properties. It also allows for use of less material and therefore a lighter insole while still providing the desired cushioning function. Preferably, the forefoot criss-cross groove pattern  1520  is approximately 0.75 mm deep. Preferably the lateral midfoot and heel criss-cross groove patterns  1521  and  1522  are approximately 1.00 to 3.00 mm deep. Preferably, the medial heel criss-cross groove pattern  1523  is approximately 1.00 to 2.50 mm deep. Preferably the TPR pods have the deeper criss-cross groove pattern and the PU pods have the shallower criss-cross groove pattern due to the compression characteristics of the materials. The criss-cross groove patterns also assists with keeping the insole in place and not move or slide around within the shoe. 
     For a men&#39;s size 11-12 insole, the width of the forefoot pad from the medial to lateral side is about 85 to 95 mm. The height is about 100 to 110 mm. The depth is about 0.95 to 1.50 mm. 
     It is desirable to minimize the total weight of the insoles by selection of materials working with the structural features of the insole. It is desirable that the total weight of the preferred embodiment of the insole (men&#39;s size 10/11) be about 4.0 ounces. It is desirable that the total weight of an alternate embodiment of the insole be about 5.0 to 6.0 ounces for a men&#39;s size 10/11 and about 6.5 to 7.5 ounces for a men&#39;s size 12/13. Other sizes will be proportional. Using the open-cell designs will provide for a lighter insole. 
     In a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the various components of an insole which are secured to base  1502  in the recession areas defined by base  1502  on the bottom surface are permanently affixed to base  1502  using an appropriate means such as an adhesive. The components are secured during the molding process using techniques known in the art of molding insoles. 
     The recession areas also is lined with a cloth having a base surface and a pad/pod surface, secured to said base along said base surface and said pad/pod along said pad/pod surface. Alternatively, a cloth is secured to pad/pod and then the composite structure secured to the recession area. 
     Some shoes may slightly differ in size on the inner part of the shoe. Some shoes may also provide extra padding along the inner sides, front or back of the shoe that alter the actual space provided for the foot and/or an insole on the inner part of the shoe. Base  1502  may have sizing guides  1550  that allow a user to shorten the length of the insole for proper fit within the shoe, sizing guides  1550  provide various cutting guide lines that the user would cut along, preferably with scissors. 
       FIG. 15B-1 to 15B-10  shows the top, bottom, medial side, lateral side, back, and five cross-section views of the insole. 
       FIG. 15B-1  illustrates a medial side view of the insole. Insole  1500  preferably comprises a top sheet  1501  and a base  1502  having a top surface secured to said top sheet and an opposite bottom surface. Base  1502  also defines a longitudinal arch support  1519  that extends upwardly along the medial side of the insole to provide extra cushion and support to the arch area of the foot. 
     The bottom surface of base  1502  defines a forefoot pad recession area in the forefoot area and a stability cradle recession area  1505  along the midfoot and heel areas. The bottom surface of base  1502  also defines one or more ribs or protrusions  1532  that extend outwardly along the arch area. The ribs  1532  are preferably longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. 
     Base  1502  has a raised edge that wraps around the heel and extends partially along the sides of the foot such that the insole has a heel cup, which conforms to the natural shape of the foot. The height of the raised edge is generally higher and thicker on the medial side of the insole and is lower and thinner on the lateral side of the insole. 
     The forefoot pad recession area begins partially proximal from the toe end of the insole near the distal ends of the proximal phalanges of the foot. The forefoot pad recession area extends rearward to about the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads on a lateral portion and approximately halfway along the 1st and 2nd metatarsals on a medial portion. Preferably the forefoot pad recession area has a rear apex that lies between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals. A forefoot pad is shaped essentially the same as forefoot pad recession area and is secured therein. 
     The stability cradle recession area  1505  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  1502 . The stability cradle recession area  1505  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off. Stability cradle  1506  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  1505  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  1505 . 
     Stability cradle  1506  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  1502  to provide support for the foot. Preferably, stability cradle  1506  ranges from approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm thick and the walls taper from approximately 3 mm to about 0.5 mm. The sides of stability cradle  1506  are preferably higher on the medial side of the foot because of the higher loading. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  1506  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear with other footwear, or vice versa, is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improve the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use by allowing the insole to resist movement out of the shoe during these change-over or swapping activities. The faceted design increases the internal function quotient of the insole significantly (by as much as 50% compared to non-faceted or smooth stability cradles) when located in the shoe cavity, thereby preventing the insole&#39;s movement or exit from the shoe cavity. 
     The stability cradle  1506  preferably defines one or more rib-shaped openings  1531 . In a preferred embodiment, the rib-shaped openings  1531  allow said ribs  1532  of base  1502  to extend therethrough. Preferably, base  1502  is molded so that the ribs  1532  project into rib-shaped openings  1531  so that the ribs  1532  are approximately flush with the outer surface of stability cradle  1506  and mechanically lock stability cradle  1506  and base  1502  together. Advantageously, the ribs  1532  are also able to bulge through rib-shaped openings  1531  when base  1502  is compressed (e.g., while walking or running) to provide additional cushioning and support to the arch of the foot. Preferably said ribs  1532  extend outwardly approximately 0.50 mm to 1.5 mm and have a width of approximately 4 mm. The rib-shaped openings  1531  allow the stability cradle  1506  to be more flexible in the arch area compared to the rest of the stability cradle  1506 . 
     In an alternate embodiment, stability cradle  1506  defines one or more protruding ribs instead of openings. The protruding ribs extend outwardly along the arch area. The protruding ribs are longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. The protruding ribs extend outward approximately 0.50 mm. 
     In accordance with principles of the present invention, a cushioning core or base is combined with a relatively stiff stability cradle and a number of elastomeric pods to form an insole that provides cushioning, stability, and control. Each pod can have a different firmness, and there are three pods that include a lateral midfoot pod, a medial heel pod, and a lateral heel pod. The pods can be adjusted to address issues of over/under pronation, over/under supination, and other problems related to foot motion by altering the size, shape, and material properties of the pods. The pods are separate in the heel pad area, and the midfoot and heel pads have grooved patterns on their bottom surface for better cushioning and traction grip in the shoe. 
     Stability cradle  1506  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening that extends from the behind the 3 rd  though 5 th  metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. A lateral midfoot pod is shaped essentially the same as lateral midfoot pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1502  within the stability cradle recession area  1505  in a location that correlates to the lateral midfoot pod opening and allows lateral midfoot pod to extend out through said lateral midfoot pod opening. 
     Stability cradle  1506  also defines a lateral heel pod opening that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  1506  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1502  within the stability cradle recession area  1505  in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening and allows lateral heel pod to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening. 
     Stability cradle  1506  defines a medial heel pod opening that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  1502  just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod  1516  is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1502  within the stability cradle recession area  1505  in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening and allows medial heel pod  1516  to extend out through said medial heel pod opening. 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  1502  is covered with top sheet  1501 , which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  1501  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
     Preferably, the top surface of the base defines an upwardly-extending portion or transverse arch support  1538  that lies under the metatarsal head area of the foot. The upward extension of transverse arch support  1538  pushes up a portion of the top sheet  1501  that corresponds to the area of the transverse arch support  1538 . 
     Traverse arch support  1538  preferably lies under the second to fourth metatarsal heads. Traverse arch support  1538  provides additional stability and cushioning to the forefoot and middle of the foot. 
       FIG. 15A-2  illustrates the bottom view of the insole. Insole  1500  preferably comprises a top sheet  1501  and a base  1502  having a top surface secured to said top sheet and an opposite bottom surface. Base  1502  also defines a longitudinal arch support  1519  that extends upwardly along the medial side of the insole to provide extra cushion and support to the arch area of the foot. 
     The bottom surface of base  1502  defines a forefoot pad recession area  1507  in the forefoot area and a stability cradle recession area  1505  along the midfoot and heel areas. The bottom surface of base  1502  also defines one or more ribs or protrusions  1532  that extend outwardly along the arch area. The ribs  1532  are preferably longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. 
     Base  1502  has a raised edge that wraps around the heel and extends partially along the sides of the foot such that the insole has a heel cup, which conforms to the natural shape of the foot. As best seen in  FIGS. 15B-7 to 15B-10 , the height of the raised edge is generally higher and thicker on the medial side of the insole and is lower and thinner on the lateral side of the insole. 
     The forefoot pad recession area  1507  begins partially proximal form the toe end of the insole near the distal ends of the proximal phalanges of the foot. The forefoot pad recession area  1507  extends rearward to about the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads on a lateral portion and approximately halfway along the 1st and 2nd metatarsals on a medial portion. Preferably the forefoot pad recession area  1507  has a rear apex  1557  that lies between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals. 
     Forefoot pad  1508  is shaped essentially the same as forefoot pad recession area  1507  and is secured therein. Forefoot pad  1508  has a medial edge, a lateral edge, a proximal (back) edge and a distal (front) edge. The medial edge of forefoot pad  1508  extends along a line spaced laterally from said medial border of said insole. The proximal edge extends from said medial edge laterally and proximally to said rear apex  1557 , laterally and distally towards the 3rd metatarsal head, then laterally and proximally to the lateral edge approximately along the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads. The lateral edge connects said proximal edge to said top edge of said forefoot pad. In use, forefoot pad recession area  1507  and forefoot pad  1508  underlie the big toe of a user&#39;s foot, and the “ball” of the foot, excluding the first metatarsal head or medial ball of the user&#39;s foot.  FIG. 11  shows the placement of foot bones on the insole. 
     An adhesive is used to secure the components. The forefoot pad  1508  provides cushioning and energy return on landing from a vertical jump. It serves as a propulsion pad and support for the metatarsal heads of a user&#39;s foot, especially the 1st and 2nd metatarsal heads. 
     It is estimated that using tougher materials increase the durability of the insole by 35% to 65% over insoles that use softer materials for this portion of the foot insole. 
     The stability cradle recession area  1505  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  1502 . The stability cradle recession area  1505  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area  1507  to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off Stability cradle  1506  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  1505  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  1505 . 
     Stability cradle  1506  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  1502  to provide support for the foot. Preferably, stability cradle  1506  ranges from approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm thick and the walls taper from approximately 3 mm to about 0.5 mm. The sides of stability cradle  1506  are preferably higher on the medial side of the foot because of the higher loading. Preferably, stability cradle  1506  is made of a nylon material with a hardness of approximately Shore A 95. In a preferred embodiment, the stability cradle is semi-rigid. In an alternate embodiment, the stability cradle is rigid. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  1506  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear to other footwear, or vice versa, is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improve the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use by allowing the insole to resist movement out of the shoe during these change-over or swapping activities. The faceted design increases the internal function quotient of the insole significantly (by as much as 50% compared to non-faceted or smooth stability cradles) when located in the shoe cavity, thereby preventing the insole&#39;s movement or exit from the shoe cavity. 
     The stability cradle  1506  preferably defines one or more rib-shaped openings  1531 . In a preferred embodiment, the rib-shaped openings  1531  allow said ribs  1532  of base  1502  to extend therethrough. Preferably, base  1502  is molded so that the ribs  1532  project into rib-shaped openings  1531  so that the ribs  1532  are approximately flush with the outer surface of stability cradle  1506  and mechanically lock stability cradle  1506  and base  1502  together. Advantageously, the ribs  1532  are also able to bulge through rib-shaped openings  1531  when base  1502  is compressed (e.g., while walking or running) to provide additional cushioning and support to the arch of the foot. Preferably said ribs  1532  extend outwardly approximately 0.50 mm to 1.5 mm and have a width of approximately 4 mm. The rib-shaped openings  1531  allow the stability cradle  1506  to be more flexible in the arch area compared to the rest of the stability cradle  1506 . 
     In an alternate embodiment, stability cradle  1506  defines one or more protruding ribs instead of openings. The protruding ribs extend outwardly along the arch area. The protruding ribs are longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. The protruding ribs extend outward approximately 0.50 mm. 
     In accordance with principles of the present invention, a cushioning core or base is combined with a relatively stiff stability cradle and a number of elastomeric pods to form an insole that provides cushioning, stability, and control. Each pod can have a different firmness, and there are three pods that include a lateral midfoot pod, a medial heel pod, and a lateral heel pod. The pods can be adjusted to address issues of over/under pronation, over/under supination, and other problems related to foot motion by altering the size, shape, and material properties of the pods. The pods are separate in the heel pad area, and the midfoot and heel pads have grooved patterns on their bottom surface for better cushioning and traction grip in the shoe. 
     Stability cradle  1506  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening  1511  that extends from the behind the 3rd though 5th metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. The length of the lateral midfoot pod opening  1511  is preferably sufficient to provide cushioning to the lateral aspect of the midfoot. Lateral midfoot pod  1512  is shaped essentially the same as lateral midfoot pod opening  1511  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1502  within the stability cradle recession area  1505  in a location that correlates to the lateral midfoot pod opening  1511  and allows lateral midfoot pod  1512  to extend out through said lateral midfoot pod opening  1511 . 
     Lateral midfoot pod  1512  is preferably made from TPR or PU of a hardness of about 45-50 ASKER C. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base  1502  in the lateral midfoot pod opening  1511  of said base  1502 . The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base  1502 . 
     Stability cradle  1506  also defines a lateral heel pod opening  1513  that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  1506  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening  1511  toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod  1514  is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening  1513  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1502  within the stability cradle recession area  1505  in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening  1513  and allows lateral heel pod  1514  to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening  1513 . Lateral heel pod  1514  has a lateral edge which extends along the lateral border of insole  1500  from said heel end to a lateral heel edge spaced apart from said lateral midfoot pod. The lateral edge curves in the area of the heel to follow the outline of the insole heel end. The lateral heel pod  1514  also has a medial curvilinear edge. The overall configuration is roughly a multi-sided geometric shape with curved edges as described rather than straight lines. 
     The configuration, material and position of the lateral heel pod  1514  provides cushioning and works in association with the medial heel pod  1515  to stabilize the ankle. The hardness of the lateral heel pod is preferably essentially the same as the lateral midfoot pod, which work in concert to help reduce the incidence of lateral ankle roll-overs. It is preferably made of TPR or PU of a hardness of about Shore C 45-50. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base  1502  in the lateral heel pod opening  1511  of said base  1502 . The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base  1502 . 
     Stability cradle  1506  defines a medial heel pod opening  1515  that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  1502  just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod  1516  is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening  1515  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1502  within the stability cradle recession area  1505  in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening  1515  and allows medial heel pod  1516  to extend out through said medial heel pod opening  1515 . The medial heel pod  1516  has essentially a pea-pod shape; it has a medial edge and a lateral edge which are connected to one another at a first distal apex and a second proximal apex. The edges widen out opposite one another to define said medial heel pod. 
     Medial heel pod  1516  is preferably made from TPR or PU of a hardness of about 60 ASKER C±3. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base  1502  in the medial heel pod opening  1515  of said base  1502 . The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base  1502 . 
     Foot contact with the ground is generally divided into three phases: heel strike, midfoot support, and toe off. During heel strike, the heel of the foot impacts the ground with significant force. To cushion the impact, lateral heel pod  1514  is positioned along the rear and lateral side of the calcaneus (heel bone) and extends outwardly below stability cradle  1506 . Preferably, lateral heel pod  1514  is made of a material having suitable cushioning properties and are selected based on an intended type of activity. 
     Following the initial impact of the heel with the ground, the foot twists, or pronates, bringing the medial side of the heel into contact with the ground. The foot is sensitive to the amount of pronation as well as the rate at which the pronation occurs. Pronation is natural, and some degree of pronation is desirable because it serves to absorb the stresses and forces on the foot during walking or running. However, an excessive amount or rate of pronation results in injury. 
     Stability cradle  1506  provides firm support along the medial portion of the foot to help control the amount of pronation. Medial heel pod  1516  helps to control the rate of pronation by forming medial heel pod  1516  out of a material having different characteristics than lateral heel pod  1514 . For example, to reduce a pronation rate, medial heel pod  1516  can be made from a firmer material than lateral heel pod  1514 . A firmer or stiffer material does not compress as much or as fast as a softer material under the same load. Thus, a medial heel pod  1516  made from a firmer material would compress less than a lateral heel pod  1514  made of a softer material. As a result, medial heel pod  1516  tends to resist or counteract pronation and thereby help to reduce the degree and rate of pronation. Conversely, making medial heel pod  1516  from a softer material than lateral heel pod  1514  would tend to increase the amount and rate of pronation. 
     Preferably, the firmness of the material used in medial heel pod  1516  is selected based on the firmness of lateral heel pod  1514  and on the type of intended activity. For example, the firmness of lateral heel pod  1514  and medial heel pod  1516  differs by about 20-30% for an insole to be used during light to moderate activities. 
     Carrying a heavy backpack or other articles significantly increases the load on the foot and the rate of pronation during and following heel strike. Accordingly, medial heel pod  1516  can be made significantly firmer in an insole designed for use while backpacking. As an example, a difference in firmness of about 20-40% is more appropriate for such activities. 
     Lateral midfoot pod  1512  provides cushioning and control to the lateral side of the foot during the midstance portion of a step. Typically, lateral midfoot pod  1512  is formed of a material having the same properties, e.g., firmness, as lateral heel pod  1514 . However, a material having different characteristics can also be used. 
     The use of dual density heel pods is employed to cause a kinetic change in foot function to promote ankle stability. It is also not out of the scope of the invention to have the medial heel pod softer than the lateral heel pod and/or lateral midfoot pod or any combination thereof to address different joint moments or ankle rolls. 
     At the beginning of the propulsion or toe-off phase of a step, the heel begins to lift from the ground and weight shifts to the ball of the foot. Forefoot pad  1508  is located under this part of the foot. Preferably, forefoot pad  1508  is formed of a relatively resilient material so that energy put into compressing forefoot pad  1508  is returned to help propel the foot at toe-off. 
     During toe off, the first metatarsal naturally flexes downward. Preventing this natural downward flex of the first metatarsal causes the arch of the foot to flatten and the foot to over pronate, increasing stress on the ankles and knees. To accommodate the downward flex, the medial portion of forefoot pad  1508  extends rearward into a corresponding concave edge portion of the distal edge of stability cradle  1506 . The shape of the stability cradle  1506  and forefoot pad  1508  permit the first metatarsal to flex more naturally and thereby encourage loading of the great toe during toe off. 
     Base  1502  is preferably made of foam or other material having suitable cushioning properties. Preferably, base  1502  comprises an Ethylene vinyl acetate (“EVA”) foam, which is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, or a Thermoplastic Rubber (“TPR”)/EVA mix. A preferred EVA or TPR/EVA mix has a durometer (hardness) of about Asker C 45-50. 
     Forefoot pad  1508  is preferably made from a Thermoplastic Rubber (“TPR”) or Polyurethane (“PU”). The hardness of the TPR or PU used in the forefoot pad is preferably about 30 Asker C±3. 
     The forefoot pad  1520 , lateral midfoot pod  1521 , lateral heel pod  1522 , and medial heel pod  1523  are constructed with a criss-cross groove pattern on the bottom surface of the pod or pad. The criss-cross groove pattern introduces air gaps into the pod/pad surfaces. Such air gaps and criss-cross groove patterns positively influence the impact absorption properties. It also allows for use of less material and therefore a lighter insole while still providing the desired cushioning function. Preferably, the forefoot criss-cross groove pattern  1520  is approximately 0.75 mm deep. Preferably the lateral midfoot and heel criss-cross groove patterns  1521  and  1522  are approximately 1.00 to 3.00 mm deep. Preferably, the medial heel criss-cross groove pattern  1523  is approximately 1.00 to 2.50 mm deep. Preferably the TPR pods have the deeper criss-cross groove pattern and the PU pods have the shallower criss-cross groove pattern due to the compression characteristics of the materials. The criss-cross groove patterns also assists with keeping the insole in place and not move or slide around within the shoe. 
     For a men&#39;s size 11-12 insole, the width of the forefoot pad from the medial to lateral side is about 85 to 95 mm. The height is about 100 to 110 mm. The depth is about 0.95 to 1.50 mm. 
     It is desirable to minimize the total weight of the insoles by selection of materials working with the structural features of the insole. It is desirable that the total weight of the preferred embodiment of the insole (men&#39;s size 10/11) be about 4.0 ounces. It is desirable that the total weight of an alternate embodiment of the insole be about 5.0 to 6.0 ounces for a men&#39;s size 10/11 and about 6.5 to 7.5 ounces for a men&#39;s size 12/13. Other sizes will be proportional. Using the open-cell designs will provide for a lighter insole. 
     In a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the various components of an insole which are secured to base  1502  in the recession areas defined by base  1502  on the bottom surface are permanently affixed to base  1502  using an appropriate means such as an adhesive. The components are secured during the molding process using techniques known in the art of molding insoles. 
     The recession areas also is lined with a cloth having a base surface and a pad/pod surface, secured to said base along said base surface and said pad/pod along said pad/pod surface. Alternatively, a cloth is secured to pad/pod and then the composite structure secured to the recession area. 
     Some shoes may slightly differ in size on the inner part of the shoe. Some shoes may also provide extra padding along the inner sides, front or back of the shoe that alter the actual space provided for the foot and/or an insole on the inner part of the shoe. Base  1502  may have sizing guides  1550  that allow a user to shorten the length of the insole for proper fit within the shoe, sizing guides  1550  provide various cutting guide lines that the user would cut along, preferably with scissors. 
       FIG. 15B-3  illustrates a lateral side view of the insole. Insole  1500  preferably comprises a top sheet  1501  and a base  1502  having a top surface secured to said top sheet  1501  and an opposite bottom surface. Base  1502  also defines a longitudinal arch support  1519  that extends upwardly along the medial side of the insole to provide extra cushion and support to the arch area of the foot. 
     The bottom surface of base  1502  defines a forefoot pad recession area in the forefoot area and a stability cradle recession area  1505  along the midfoot and heel areas. 
     Base  1502  has a raised edge that wraps around the heel and extends partially along the sides of the foot such that the insole has a heel cup, which conforms to the natural shape of the foot. The height of the raised edge is generally higher and thicker on the medial side of the insole and is lower and thinner on the lateral side of the insole. 
     The forefoot pad recession area begins partially proximal from the toe end of the insole near the distal ends of the proximal phalanges of the foot. The forefoot pad recession area extends rearward to about the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads on a lateral portion and approximately halfway along the 1st and 2nd metatarsals on a medial portion. Preferably the forefoot pad recession area has a rear apex that lies between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals. A forefoot pad is shaped essentially the same as forefoot pad recession area and is secured therein. 
     The stability cradle recession area  1505  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  1502 . The stability cradle recession area  1505  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area  1507  to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off. Stability cradle  1506  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  1505  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  1505 . 
     Stability cradle  1506  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  1502  to provide support for the foot. Preferably, stability cradle  1506  ranges from approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm thick and the walls taper from approximately 3 mm to about 0.5 mm. The sides of stability cradle  1506  are preferably higher on the medial side of the foot because of the higher loading. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  1506  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear to other footwear, or vice versa, is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improve the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use by allowing the insole to resist movement out of the shoe during these change-over or swapping activities. The faceted design increases the internal function quotient of the insole significantly (by as much as 50% compared to non-faceted or smooth stability cradles) when located in the shoe cavity, thereby preventing the insole&#39;s movement or exit from the shoe cavity. 
     Stability cradle  1506  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening that extends from the behind the 3 rd  though 5 th  metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. A lateral midfoot pod  1512  is shaped essentially the same as lateral midfoot pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1502  within the stability cradle recession area  1505  in a location that correlates to the lateral midfoot pod opening and allows lateral midfoot pod  1512  to extend out through said lateral midfoot pod opening. 
     Stability cradle  1506  also defines a lateral heel pod opening that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  1506  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod  1514  is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1502  within the stability cradle recession area  1505  in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening and allows lateral heel pod  1514  to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening. 
     Stability cradle  1506  defines a medial heel pod opening that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  1502  just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1502  within the stability cradle recession area  1505  in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening and allows medial heel pod to extend out through said medial heel pod opening. 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  1502  is covered with top sheet  1501 , which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  1501  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
     Preferably, the top surface of the base defines an upwardly-extending portion or transverse arch support  1538  that lies under the metatarsal head area of the foot. The upward extension of transverse arch support  1538  pushes up a portion of the top sheet  1501  that corresponds to the area of the transverse arch support  1538 . 
     Traverse arch support  1538  preferably lies under the second to fourth metatarsal heads. Traverse arch support  1538  provides additional stability and cushioning to the forefoot and middle of the foot. 
       FIG. 15A-1  is a top view of the insole illustrating the top sheet  1501  and transverse arch support  1538 . Insole  1500  comprises a top sheet  1501  secured across the entire top surface of the base from toe area to heel area. Preferably, the top surface of the base defines an upwardly-extending portion or transverse arch support  1538  that lies under the metatarsal head area of the foot. The upward extension of transverse arch support  1538  pushes up a portion of the top sheet  1501  that corresponds to the area of the transverse arch support  1538 . 
     Traverse arch support  1538  preferably lies under the second to fourth metatarsal heads. Traverse arch support  1538  provides additional stability and cushioning to the forefoot and middle of the foot. 
     In a preferred embodiment, top sheet  1501  is a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  1501  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. A series of air holes extend through top sheet  1501  and the base to permit air circulation above and below insole  1500 . 
       FIG. 15B-5  is a section view  15 B- 5  along the middle of the insole as identified in  FIGS. 15B-2 . Insole  1500  preferably comprises a top sheet  1501  and a base  1502  having a top surface secured to said top sheet  1501  and an opposite bottom surface. The bottom surface of base  1502  defines a forefoot pad recession area  1507  in the forefoot area and a stability cradle recession area  1505  along the midfoot and heel areas. 
     Base  1502  has a raised edge that wraps around the heel and extends partially along the sides of the foot such that the insole has a heel cup, which conforms to the natural shape of the foot. As best seen in  FIGS. 15B-6 to 15B-10 , the height of the raised edge is generally higher and thicker on the medial side of the insole and is lower and thinner on the lateral side of the insole. 
     Preferably, the top surface of the base  1502  defines an upwardly-extending portion or transverse arch support  1538  that lies under the metatarsal head area of the foot. The upward extension of transverse arch support  1538  pushes up a portion of the top sheet  1501  that corresponds to the area of the transverse arch support  1538 . Traverse arch support  1538  preferably lies under the second to fourth metatarsal heads. Traverse arch support  1538  provides additional stability and cushioning to the forefoot and middle of the foot. 
     The forefoot pad recession area  1507  begins partially proximal form the toe end of the insole near the distal ends of the proximal phalanges of the foot. The forefoot pad recession area  1507  extends rearward to about the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads on a lateral portion and approximately halfway along the 1st and 2nd metatarsals on a medial portion. Preferably the forefoot pad recession area  1507  has a rear apex that lies between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals. 
     Forefoot pad  1508  is shaped essentially the same as forefoot pad recession area  1507  and is secured therein. Forefoot pad  1508  has a medial edge, a lateral edge, a proximal (back) edge and a distal (front) edge. The medial edge of forefoot pad  1508  extends along a line spaced laterally from said medial border of said insole. The proximal edge extends from said medial edge laterally and proximally to said rear apex  1557 , laterally and distally towards the 3rd metatarsal head, then laterally and proximally to the lateral edge approximately along the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads. The lateral edge connects said proximal edge to said top edge of said forefoot pad. In use, forefoot pad recession area  1507  and forefoot pad  1508  underlie the big toe of a user&#39;s foot, and the “ball” of the foot, excluding the first metatarsal head or medial ball of the user&#39;s foot.  FIG. 11  shows the placement of foot bones on the insole. 
     An adhesive is be used to secure the components. The forefoot pad  1508  provides cushioning and energy return on landing from a vertical jump. It serves as a propulsion pad and support for the metatarsal heads of a user&#39;s foot, especially the 1st and 2nd metatarsal heads. 
     It is estimated that using tougher materials increases the durability of the insole by 35% to 65% over insoles that use softer materials for this portion of the foot insole. 
     The stability cradle recession area  1505  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  1502 . The stability cradle recession area  1505  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area  1507  to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off. Stability cradle  1506  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  1505  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  1505 . 
     Stability cradle  1506  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  1502  to provide support for the foot. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  1506  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear with other footwear, or vice versa, is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improves the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use by allowing the insole to resist movement out of the shoe during these change-over or swapping activities. The faceted design increases the internal function quotient of the insole significantly (by as much as 50% compared to non-faceted or smooth stability cradles) when located in the shoe cavity, thereby preventing the insole&#39;s movement or exit from the shoe cavity. 
     Stability cradle  1506  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening that extends from the behind the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. The length of the lateral midfoot pod opening is preferably sufficient to provide cushioning to the lateral aspect of the midfoot. Lateral midfoot pod is shaped essentially the same as lateral midfoot pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1502  within the stability cradle recession area  1505  in a location that correlates to the lateral midfoot pod opening and allows lateral midfoot pod to extend out through said lateral midfoot pod opening. 
     Stability cradle  1506  also defines a lateral heel pod opening  1513  that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  1506  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening  1511  toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod  1514  is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening  1513  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1502  within the stability cradle recession area  1505  in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening  1513  and allows lateral heel pod  1514  to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening  1513 . Lateral heel pod  1514  has a lateral edge which extends along the lateral border of insole  1500  from said heel end to a lateral heel edge spaced apart from said lateral midfoot pod. The lateral edge curves in the area of the heel to follow the outline of the insole heel end. The lateral heel pod  1514  also has a medial curvilinear edge. The overall configuration is roughly a multi-sided geometric shape with curved edges as described rather than straight lines. 
     The configuration, material and position of the lateral heel pod  1514  provides cushioning and works in association with the medial heel pod  1515  to stabilize the ankle. 
     Stability cradle  1506  defines a medial heel pod opening  1515  that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  1502  just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod  1516  is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening  1515  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1502  within the stability cradle recession area  1505  in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening  1515  and allows medial heel pod  1516  to extend out through said medial heel pod opening  1515 . The medial heel pod  1516  has essentially a pea-pod shape; it has a medial edge and a lateral edge which are connected to one another at a first distal apex and a second proximal apex. The edges widen out opposite one another to define said medial heel pod. 
     Foot contact with the ground is generally divided into three phases: heel strike, midfoot support, and toe off. During heel strike, the heel of the foot impacts the ground with significant force. To cushion the impact, lateral heel pod  1514  is positioned along the rear and lateral side of the calcaneus (heel bone) and extends outwardly below stability cradle  1506 . Preferably, lateral heel pod  1514  is made of a material having suitable cushioning properties and are selected based on an intended type of activity. 
     Following the initial impact of the heel with the ground, the foot twists, or pronates, bringing the medial side of the heel into contact with the ground. The foot is sensitive to the amount of pronation as well as the rate at which the pronation occurs. Pronation is natural, and some degree of pronation is desirable because it serves to absorb the stresses and forces on the foot during walking or running. However, an excessive amount or rate of pronation results in injury. 
     Stability cradle  1506  provides firm support along the medial portion of the foot to help control the amount of pronation. Medial heel pod  1516  helps to control the rate of pronation by forming medial heel pod  1516  out of a material having different characteristics than lateral heel pod  1514 . For example, to reduce a pronation rate, medial heel pod  1516  is made from a firmer material than lateral heel pod  1514 . A firmer or stiffer material does not compress as much or as fast as a softer material under the same load. Thus, a medial heel pod  1516  made from a firmer material would compress less than a lateral heel pod  1514  made of a softer material. As a result, medial heel pod  1516  tends to resist or counteract pronation and thereby help to reduce the degree and rate of pronation. Conversely, making medial heel pod  1516  from a softer material than lateral heel pod  1514  would tend to increase the amount and rate of pronation. 
     Preferably, the firmness of the material used in medial heel pod  1516  is selected based on the firmness of lateral heel pod  1514  and on the type of intended activity. For example, the firmness of lateral heel pod  1514  and medial heel pod  1516  differs by about 20-30% for an insole to be used during light to moderate activities. 
     Carrying a heavy backpack or other articles significantly increases the load on the foot and the rate of pronation during and following heel strike. Accordingly, medial heel pod  1516  is made significantly firmer in an insole designed for use while backpacking. As an example, a difference in firmness of about 20-40% is more appropriate for such activities. 
     Lateral midfoot pod  1512  provides cushioning and control to the lateral side of the foot during the midstance portion of a step. Typically, lateral midfoot pod is formed of a material having the same properties, e.g., firmness, as lateral heel pod  1514 . However, a material having different characteristics may also be used. 
     The use of dual density heel pods is employed to cause a kinetic change in foot function to promote ankle stability. It is also not out of the scope of the invention to have the medial heel pod softer than the lateral heel pod and/or lateral midfoot pod or any combination thereof to address different joint moments or ankle rolls. 
     At the beginning of the propulsion or toe-off phase of a step, the heel begins to lift from the ground and weight shifts to the ball of the foot. Forefoot pad  1508  is located under this part of the foot. Preferably, forefoot pad  1508  is formed of a relatively resilient material so that energy put into compressing forefoot pad  1508  is returned to help propel the foot at toe-off. 
     During toe off, the first metatarsal naturally flexes downward. Preventing this natural downward flex of the first metatarsal causes the arch of the foot to flatten and the foot to over pronate, increasing stress on the ankles and knees. To accommodate the downward flex, the medial portion of forefoot pad  1508  extends rearward into a corresponding concave edge portion of the distal edge of stability cradle  1506 . The shape of the stability cradle  1506  and forefoot pad  1508  permit the first metatarsal to flex more naturally and thereby encourage loading of the great toe during toe off. 
     The forefoot pad  120 , lateral midfoot pod  121 , lateral heel pod  122 , and medial heel pod  123  are constructed with a criss-cross groove pattern on the bottom surface of the pod or pad. The criss-cross groove pattern introduces air gaps into the pod/pad surfaces. Such air gaps and criss-cross groove patterns positively influence the impact absorption properties. It also allows for use of less material and therefore a lighter insole while still providing the desired cushioning function. Preferably, the forefoot criss-cross groove pattern  1520  is approximately 0.75 mm deep. Preferably the lateral midfoot and heel criss-cross groove patterns are approximately 1.00 to 3.00 mm deep. Preferably, the medial heel criss-cross groove pattern  1523  is approximately 1.00 to 2.50 mm deep. 
     For a men&#39;s size 11-12 insole, the width of the forefoot pad from the medial to lateral side is about 85 to 95 mm. The height is about 100 to 110 mm. The depth is about 0.95 to 1.50 mm. 
     It is desirable to minimize the total weight of the insoles by selection of materials working with the structural features of the insole. It is desirable that the total weight of the preferred embodiment of the insole (men&#39;s size 10/11) be about 4.0 ounces. It is desirable that the total weight of an alternate embodiment of the insole be about 5.0 to 6.0 ounces for a men&#39;s size 10/11 and about 6.5 to 7.5 ounces for a men&#39;s size 12/13. Other sizes will be proportional. Using the criss-cross groove pattern designs will help provide a lighter insole. 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  1502  is covered with top sheet  1501 , which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  1501  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
     In a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the various components of an insole which are secured to base  1502  in the recession areas defined by base  1502  on the bottom surface are permanently affixed to base  1502  using an appropriate means such as an adhesive. The components also be secured during the molding process using techniques known in the art of molding insoles. 
     The recession areas are also be lined with a cloth having a base surface and a pad/pod surface, secured to said base along said base surface and said pad/pod along said pad/pod surface. Alternatively, a cloth is secured to pad/pod and then the composite structure secured to the recession area. 
       FIG. 15B-6  illustrates a rear view of the insole. Insole  1500  preferably comprises a top sheet  1501  and a base  1502  having a top surface secured to said top sheet and an opposite bottom surface. Base  1502  also defines a longitudinal arch support  1519  that extends upwardly along the medial side of the insole to provide extra cushion and support to the arch area of the foot. 
     The bottom surface of base  1502  defines a forefoot pad recession area in the forefoot area and a stability cradle recession area  1505  along the midfoot and heel areas. The bottom surface of base  1502  also define one or more ribs or protrusions  1532  that extend outwardly along the arch area. The ribs  1532  are preferably longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. An alternate embodiment has the ribs or protrusions defined by the stability cradle  1506  and extending outwardly from the stability cradle  1506  in the arch area. 
     Base  1502  has a raised edge that wraps around the heel and extends partially along the sides of the foot such that the insole has a heel cup, which conforms to the natural shape of the foot. The height of the raised edge is generally higher and thicker on the medial side of the insole and is lower and thinner on the lateral side of the insole. 
     The forefoot pad recession area begins partially proximal from the toe end of the insole near the distal ends of the proximal phalanges of the foot. The forefoot pad recession area extends rearward to about the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads on a lateral portion and approximately halfway along the 1st and 2nd metatarsals on a medial portion. Preferably the forefoot pad recession area has a rear apex that lies between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals. A forefoot pad is shaped essentially the same as forefoot pad recession area and is secured therein. 
     The stability cradle recession area  1505  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  1502 . The stability cradle recession area  1505  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off Stability cradle  1506  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  1505  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  1505 . 
     Stability cradle  1506  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  1502  to provide support for the foot. Preferably, stability cradle  1506  ranges from approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm thick and the walls taper from approximately 3 mm to about 0.5 mm. The sides of stability cradle  1506  are preferably higher on the medial side of the foot because of the higher loading. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  1506  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear with other footwear, or vice versa, is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improves the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use by allowing the insole to resist movement out of the shoe during these change-over or swapping activities. The faceted design increases the internal function quotient of the insole significantly (by as much as 50% compared to non-faceted or smooth stability cradles) when located in the shoe cavity, thereby preventing the insole&#39;s movement or exit from the shoe cavity. 
     The stability cradle  1506  preferably defines one or more rib-shaped openings  1531 . In a preferred embodiment, the rib-shaped openings  1531  allow said ribs  1532  of base  1502  to extend therethrough. Preferably, base  1502  is molded so that the ribs  1532  project into rib-shaped openings  1531  so that the ribs  1532  are approximately flush with the outer surface of stability cradle  1506  and mechanically lock stability cradle  1506  and base  1502  together. Advantageously, the ribs  1532  are also able to bulge through rib-shaped openings  1531  when base  1502  is compressed (e.g., while walking or running) to provide additional cushioning and support to the arch of the foot. Preferably said ribs  1532  extend outwardly approximately 0.50 mm to 1.5 mm and have a width of approximately 4 mm. The rib-shaped openings  1531  allow the stability cradle  1506  to be more flexible in the arch area compared to the rest of the stability cradle  1506 . 
     In an alternate embodiment, stability cradle  1506  defines one or more protruding ribs instead of openings. The protruding ribs extend outwardly along the arch area. The protruding ribs are longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. The protruding ribs extend outward approximately 0.50 mm. 
     Stability cradle  1506  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening that extends from the behind the 3 rd  though 5 th  metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. A lateral midfoot pod is shaped essentially the same as lateral midfoot pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1502  within the stability cradle recession area  1505  in a location that correlates to the lateral midfoot pod opening and allows lateral midfoot pod to extend out through said lateral midfoot pod opening. 
     Stability cradle  1506  also defines a lateral heel pod opening that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  1506  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod  1514  is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1502  within the stability cradle recession area  1505  in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening and allows lateral heel pod  1514  to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening. 
     Stability cradle  1506  defines a medial heel pod opening that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  1502  just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod  1516  is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1502  within the stability cradle recession area  1505  in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening and allows medial heel pod  1516  to extend out through said medial heel pod opening. 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  1502  is covered with top sheet  1501 , which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  1501  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. Preferably the forefoot pad recession area  1507  has a rear apex that lies between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals. 
       FIG. 15B-7  illustrates a cross section  15 B- 7  as identified in  FIGS. 15B-2 . Insole  1500  preferably comprises a top sheet  1501  and a base  1502  having a top surface secured to said top sheet  1501  and an opposite bottom surface. The bottom surface of base  1502  defines a forefoot pad recession area and a stability cradle recession area. 
     The stability cradle recession area  1505  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  1502 . The stability cradle recession area  1505  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off Stability cradle  1526  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  1505  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  1505 . Stability cradle  1506  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  1502  to provide support for the foot. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  1506  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improves the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use. 
     Stability cradle  1506  also defines a lateral heel pod opening  1513  that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  1506  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening  1511  toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod  1514  is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening  1513  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1502  within the stability cradle recession area  1505  in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening  1513  and allows lateral heel pod  1514  to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening  1513 . Lateral heel pod  1514  has a lateral edge which extends along the lateral border of insole  1500  from said heel end to a lateral heel edge spaced apart from said lateral midfoot pod. The lateral edge curves in the area of the heel to follow the outline of the insole heel end. The lateral heel pod  1514  also has a medial curvilinear edge. The overall configuration is roughly a multi-sided geometric shape with curved edges as described rather than straight lines. 
     In accordance with principles of the present invention, a cushioning core or base is combined with a relatively stiff stability cradle and a number of elastomeric pods to form an insole that provides cushioning, stability, and control. Each pod can have a different firmness, and there are three pods that include a lateral midfoot pod, a medial heel pod, and a lateral heel pod. The pods can be adjusted to address issues of over/under pronation, over/under supination, and other problems related to foot motion by altering the size, shape, and material properties of the pods. The pods are separate in the heel pad area, and the midfoot and heel pads have grooved patterns on their bottom surface for better cushioning and traction grip in the shoe. 
     Stability cradle  1506  defines a medial heel pod opening  1515  that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  1502  just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod  1516  is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening  1515  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1502  within the stability cradle recession area  1505  in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening  1515  and allows medial heel pod  1516  to extend out through said medial heel pod opening  1515 . The medial heel pod  1516  has essentially a pea-pod shape; it has a medial edge and a lateral edge which are connected to one another at a first distal apex and a second proximal apex. The edges widen out opposite one another to define said medial heel pod. 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  1502  is covered with top sheet  1501 , which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  1501  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
       FIGS. 15B-9 and 15B-8  illustrates a cross section  15 B- 9  and  15 B- 8 , respectively, as identified in  FIGS. 15B-2 . Insole  1500  preferably comprises a top sheet  1501  and a base  1502  having a top surface secured to said top sheet  1501  and an opposite bottom surface. The bottom surface of base  1502  defines a forefoot pad recession area and a stability cradle recession area. 
     The stability cradle recession area  1505  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  1502 . The stability cradle recession area  1505  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off. Stability cradle  1516  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  1505  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  1505 . Stability cradle  1506  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  1502  to provide support for the foot. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  1506  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improves the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use. 
     The stability cradle  1506  preferably defines one or more rib-shaped openings  1531 . In a preferred embodiment, the rib-shaped openings  1531  allow said ribs  1532  of base  1502  to extend therethrough. Preferably, base  1502  is molded so that the ribs  1532  project into rib-shaped openings  1531  so that the ribs  1532  are approximately flush with the outer surface of stability cradle  1506  and mechanically lock stability cradle  1506  and base  1502  together. Advantageously, the ribs  1532  are also able to bulge through rib-shaped openings  1531  when base  1502  is compressed (e.g., while walking or running) to provide additional cushioning and support to the arch of the foot. Preferably said ribs  1532  extend outwardly approximately 0.50 mm to 1.5 mm and have a width of approximately 4 mm. The rib-shaped openings  1531  allow the stability cradle  1506  to be more flexible in the arch area compared to the rest of the stability cradle  1506 . 
     In an alternate embodiment, stability cradle  1506  defines one or more protruding ribs instead of openings. The protruding ribs extend outwardly along the arch area. The protruding ribs are longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. The protruding ribs extend outward approximately 0.50 mm. 
     Stability cradle  1506  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening  1511  that extends from the behind the 3rd though 5th metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. The length of the lateral midfoot pod opening  1511  is preferably sufficient to provide cushioning to the lateral aspect of the midfoot. Lateral midfoot pod  1512  is shaped essentially the same as lateral midfoot pod opening  1511  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1502  within the stability cradle recession area in a location that correlates to the lateral midfoot pod opening  1511  and allows lateral midfoot pod  1512  to extend out through said lateral midfoot pod opening  1511 . 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  1502  is covered with top sheet  1501 , which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  1501  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
       FIG. 15B-10  illustrates a cross section  15 B- 10  as identified in  FIGS. 15B-2 . Insole  1500  preferably comprises a top sheet  1501  and a base  1502  having a top surface secured to said top sheet  1501  and an opposite bottom surface. The bottom surface of base  1502  defines a forefoot pad recession area and a stability cradle recession area. 
     The stability cradle recession area  1505  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  1502 . The stability cradle recession area  1505  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off. Stability cradle  1506  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  1505  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  1505 . 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  1506  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improve the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use. 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  1502  is covered with top sheet  1501 , which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  1501  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
     Preferably, the top surface of the base defines an upwardly-extending portion or transverse arch support  1538  that lies under the metatarsal head area of the foot. The upward extension of transverse arch support  1538  pushes up a portion of the top sheet  1501  that corresponds to the area of the transverse arch support  1538 . 
     Traverse arch support  1538  preferably lies under the second to fourth metatarsal heads. Traverse arch support  1538  provides additional stability to the forefoot and middle of the foot. 
       FIG. 15C-1 to 15C-8  shows a medial side, bottom, lateral side, back, and four cross-section views of the stability cradle. 
       FIGS. 15C-1 to 15C-8  medial side, bottom, lateral side, back and four cross section views of a stability cradle  1506 . A stability cradle recession area is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of a base. The stability cradle recession area extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of a forefoot recession area to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off Stability cradle  1506  is shaped essentially the same as the stability cradle recession area and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area. 
     Stability cradle  1506  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of the base to provide support for the foot. Preferably, stability cradle  1506  ranges from approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm thick and the walls taper from approximately 3 mm to about 0.5 mm. The sides of stability cradle  1506  are preferably higher on the medial side of the foot because of the higher loading. Preferably, stability cradle  1506  is made of a nylon material with a hardness of approximately Shore A 95. In a preferred embodiment, the stability cradle is semi-rigid. In an alternate embodiment, the stability cradle is rigid. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  1506  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear to other footwear, or vice versa, is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improves the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use by allowing the insole to resist movement out of the shoe during these change-over or swapping activities. The faceted design increases the internal function quotient of the insole significantly (by as much as 50% compared to non-faceted or smooth stability cradles) when located in the shoe cavity, thereby preventing the insole&#39;s movement or exit from the shoe cavity. 
     The stability cradle  1506  preferably defines one or more rib-shaped openings  1531 . In a preferred embodiment, the rib-shaped openings  1531  allow ribs on the base to extend therethrough. Advantageously, the ribs are also able to bulge through rib-shaped openings  1531  when base is compressed (e.g., while walking or running) to provide additional cushioning and support to the arch of the foot. The rib-shaped openings  1531  allow the stability cradle  1506  to be more flexible in the arch area compared to the rest of the stability cradle  1506 . 
     Stability cradle  1506  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening  1511  that extends from the behind the 3rd though 5th metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. The length of the lateral midfoot pod opening  1511  is preferably sufficient to provide cushioning to the lateral aspect of the midfoot. The lateral midfoot pod opening  1511  is designed to allow a lateral midfoot pod to extend there through. 
     Stability cradle  1506  also defines a lateral heel pod opening  1513  that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  1506  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening  1511  toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod opening  1513  has a lateral edge which extends along the lateral border of insole from said heel end to a lateral heel edge spaced apart from said lateral midfoot pod opening  1511 . The lateral edge curves in the area of the heel to follow the outline of the insole heel end. The lateral heel pod opening  1513  also has a medial curvilinear edge. The overall configuration is roughly a multi-sided geometric shape with curved edges as described rather than straight lines. Lateral heel pod opening  1513  is designed to allow a lateral heel pod to extend there through. 
     Medial heel pod opening  1515  extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  1502  just short of the heel end. The medial heel pod opening  1515  has essentially a pea-pod shape; it has a medial edge and a lateral edge which are connected to one another at a first distal apex and a second proximal apex. The edges widen out opposite one another to define said medial heel pod opening. Medial heel pod opening  1515  is designed to allow a medial heel pod to extend there through. 
     Stability cradle  1506  provides firm support along the medial portion of the foot to help control the amount of pronation. 
       FIG. 15D-1 to 15D-5  shows a medial side, bottom, lateral side, prospective and a cross-section of the insole pads  1512 ,  1514  and  1516 . 
       FIG. 15D-1 to 15D-5  show a medial side, bottom, lateral side, prospective and one cross-section view of the insole pads  1512 ,  1514  and  1516 . Stability cradle  1506  also defines a lateral heel pod opening  1513  that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  1506  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening  1511  toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod  1514  is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening  1513  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1502  within the stability cradle recession area  1505  in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening  1513  and allows lateral heel pod  1514  to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening  1513 . Lateral heel pod  1514  has a lateral edge which extends along the lateral border of insole  1500  from said heel end to a lateral heel edge spaced apart from said lateral midfoot pod. The lateral edge curves in the area of the heel to follow the outline of the insole heel end. The lateral heel pod  1514  also has a medial curvilinear edge. The overall configuration is roughly a multi-sided geometric shape with curved edges as described rather than straight lines. 
     The configuration, material and position of the lateral heel pod  1514  provides cushioning and works in association with the medial heel pod  1515  to stabilize the ankle. The hardness of the lateral heel pod is preferably essentially the same as the lateral midfoot pod, which work in concert to help reduce the incidence of lateral ankle roll-overs. It is preferably made of TPR or PU of a hardness of about Shore C 45-50. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base  102  in the lateral heel pod opening  1513  of said base  1502 . The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base  1502 . 
     Stability cradle  1506  defines a medial heel pod opening  1515  that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  1502  just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod  1516  is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening  1515  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1502  within the stability cradle recession area  1505  in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening  1515  and allows medial heel pod  1516  to extend out through said medial heel pod opening  1515 . The medial heel pod  1516  has essentially a pea-pod shape; it has a medial edge and a lateral edge which are connected to one another at a first distal apex and a second proximal apex. The edges widen out opposite one another to define said medial heel pod. 
     Medial heel pod  1516  is preferably made from TPR or PU of a hardness of about 60 ASKER C±3. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base  1502  in the medial heel pod opening  1515  of said base  1502 . The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base  1502 . 
     Foot contact with the ground is generally divided into three phases: heel strike, midfoot support, and toe off. During heel strike, the heel of the foot impacts the ground with significant force. To cushion the impact, lateral heel pod  1514  is positioned along the rear and lateral side of the calcaneus (heel bone) and extends outwardly below stability cradle  1506 . Preferably, lateral heel pod  1514  is made of a material having suitable cushioning properties and are selected based on an intended type of activity. 
     Following the initial impact of the heel with the ground, the foot twists, or pronates, bringing the medial side of the heel into contact with the ground. The foot is sensitive to the amount of pronation as well as the rate at which the pronation occurs. Pronation is natural, and some degree of pronation is desirable because it serves to absorb the stresses and forces on the foot during walking or running. However, an excessive amount or rate of pronation can result in injury. 
     Stability cradle  1506  provides firm support along the medial portion of the foot to help control the amount of pronation. Medial heel pod  1516  helps to control the rate of pronation by forming medial heel pod  1516  out of a material having different characteristics than lateral heel pod  1514 . For example, to reduce a pronation rate, medial heel pod  1516  is made from a firmer material than lateral heel pod  1514 . A firmer or stiffer material does not compress as much or as fast as a softer material under the same load. Thus, a medial heel pod  1516  made from a firmer material would compress less than a lateral heel pod  1514  made of a softer material. As a result, medial heel pod  1516  tends to resist or counteract pronation and thereby help to reduce the degree and rate of pronation. Conversely, making medial heel pod  1516  from a softer material than lateral heel pod  1514  would tend to increase the amount and rate of pronation. 
     Preferably, the firmness of the material used in medial heel pod  1516  is selected based on the firmness of lateral heel pod  1514  and on the type of intended activity. For example, the firmness of lateral heel pod  1514  and medial heel pod  1516  differs by about 20-30% for an insole to be used during light to moderate activities. 
     Carrying a heavy backpack or other articles significantly increases the load on the foot and the rate of pronation during and following heel strike. Accordingly, medial heel pod  1516  is made significantly firmer in an insole designed for use while backpacking. As an example, a difference in firmness of about 20-40% is more appropriate for such activities. 
     Lateral midfoot pod  1512  provides cushioning and control to the lateral side of the foot during the midstance portion of a step. Typically, lateral midfoot pod  1512  is formed of a material having the same properties, e.g., firmness, as lateral heel pod  1514 . However, a material having different characteristics may also be used. 
       FIG. 15E-1 to 15E-4  shows a medial side, bottom, cross section prospective view of the forefoot pad. 
       FIGS. 15E-1 to 15E-4  show a medial side, bottom, cross-section and prospective view of the forefoot pad  1508 . Forefoot pad  108  is preferably made from a Thermoplastic Rubber (“TPR”) or Polyurethane (“PU”). The hardness of the TPR or PU used in the forefoot pad is preferably about 30 Asker C±3. The forefoot pad  1520 , lateral midfoot pod  1521 , lateral heel pod  1522 , and medial heel pod  1523  are constructed with a criss-cross groove pattern on the bottom surface of the pod or pad. The criss-cross groove pattern introduces air gaps into the pod/pad surfaces. Such air gaps and criss-cross groove patterns positively influence the impact absorption properties of each pod and pad. It also allows for use of less material and therefore a lighter insole while still providing the desired cushioning function. Preferably, the forefoot criss-cross groove pattern  1520  is approximately 0.75 mm deep. Preferably the lateral midfoot and heel criss-cross groove patterns  1521  and  1522  are approximately 1.00 to 3.00 mm deep. Preferably, the medial heel criss-cross groove pattern  1523  is approximately 1.00 to 2.50 mm deep. Preferably the TPR pods have the deeper criss-cross groove pattern and the PU pods have the shallower criss-cross groove pattern due to the compression characteristics of the materials. The criss-cross groove patterns assists with securing the insole in the shoe cavity and keeping the insole in place such that it will not move or slide around. The criss-cross groove pattern also allows for air circulation and/or provides different cushioning and spring properties. 
     For a men&#39;s size 11-12 insole, the width of the forefoot pad from the medial to lateral side is about 85 to 95 mm. The height is about 100 to 110 mm. The depth is about 0.95 to 1.50 mm. 
     It is desirable to minimize the total weight of the insoles by selection of materials working with the structural features of the insole. It is desirable that the total weight of the preferred embodiment of the insole (men&#39;s size 10/11) be about 4.0 ounces. It is desirable that the total weight of an alternate embodiment of the insole be about 5.0 to 6.0 ounces for a men&#39;s size 10/11 and about 6.5 to 7.5 ounces for a men&#39;s size 12/13. Other sizes will be proportional. Using the criss-cross groove pattern designs will help provide a lighter insole. 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  1502  is covered with top sheet  1501  from toe to heel areas of the insole, which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  1501  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
     Insole preferably comprises a top sheet and a base having a top surface secured to said top sheet and an opposite bottom surface. Base also defines a longitudinal arch support that extends upwardly along the medial side of the insole to provide extra cushion and support to the arch area of the foot. 
     Preferably, the top surface of the base defines an upwardly-extending portion or transverse arch support that lies under the metatarsal head area of the foot. The upward extension of transverse arch support pushes up a portion of the top sheet that corresponds to the area of the transverse arch support. 
     The bottom surface of base defines a forefoot pad recession area in the forefoot area and a stability cradle recession area along the midfoot and heel areas. The bottom surface of base also defines one or more ribs or protrusions that extend outwardly along the arch area. The ribs are preferably longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. An alternate embodiment has the ribs or protrusions defined by the stability cradle and extending outwardly from the stability cradle in the arch area. 
     Base has a raised edge that wraps around the heel and extends partially along the sides of the foot such that the insole has a heel cup, which conforms to the natural shape of the foot. The height of the raised edge is generally higher and thicker on the medial side of the insole and is lower and thinner on the lateral side of the insole. 
     The forefoot pad recession area begins partially proximal from the toe end of the insole near the distal ends of the proximal phalanges of the foot. The forefoot pad recession area extends rearward to about the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads on a lateral portion and approximately halfway along the 1st and 2nd metatarsals on a medial portion. Preferably the forefoot pad recession area has a rear apex that lies between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals. 
     Forefoot pad is shaped essentially the same as forefoot pad recession area and is secured therein. Forefoot pad has a medial edge, a lateral edge, a proximal (back) edge and a distal (front) edge. The medial edge of forefoot pad extends along a line spaced laterally from said medial border of said insole. The proximal edge extends from said medial edge laterally and proximally to said rear apex, laterally and distally towards the 3rd metatarsal head, then laterally and proximally to the lateral edge approximately along the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads. The lateral edge connects said proximal edge to said top edge of said forefoot pad. In use, forefoot pad recession area and forefoot pad underlie the big toe of a user&#39;s foot, and the “ball” of the foot, excluding the first metatarsal head or medial ball of the user&#39;s foot. 
     An adhesive is be used to secure the components. The forefoot pad provides cushioning and energy return on landing from a vertical jump. It serves as a propulsion pad and support for the metatarsal heads of a user&#39;s foot, especially the 1st and 2nd metatarsal heads. 
     The stability cradle recession area is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base. The stability cradle recession area extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off Stability cradle is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area. 
     Stability cradle has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base to provide support for the foot. Preferably, stability cradle ranges from approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm thick and the walls taper from approximately 3 mm to about 0.5 mm. The sides of stability cradle are preferably higher on the medial side of the foot because of the higher loading. Preferably, stability cradle is made of a nylon material with a hardness of approximately Shore A 95. In a preferred embodiment, the stability cradle is semi-rigid. In an alternate embodiment, the stability cradle is rigid. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping and “change-over” of shoes and running gear to other footwear, or vice versa is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improve the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use by allowing the insole to resist movement out of the shoe during these change-over or swapping activities. The faceted design increases the internal function quotient of the insole significantly (by as much as 50% compared to non-faceted or smooth stability cradles) when located in the shoe cavity, thereby preventing the insole&#39;s movement or exit from the shoe cavity. 
     The stability cradle preferably defines one or more rib-shaped openings. In a preferred embodiment, the rib-shaped openings allow said ribs of base to extend therethrough. Preferably, base is molded so that the ribs project into rib-shaped openings so that the ribs are approximately flush with the outer surface of stability cradle and mechanically lock stability cradle and base together. Advantageously, the ribs are also able to bulge through rib-shaped openings when base is compressed (e.g., while walking or running) to provide additional cushioning and support to the arch of the foot. Preferably said ribs extend outwardly approximately 0.50 mm to 1.5 mm and have a width of approximately 4 mm. The rib-shaped openings allow the stability cradle to be more flexible in the arch area compared to the rest of the stability cradle. 
     In an alternate embodiment, stability cradle defines one or more protruding ribs instead of openings. The protruding ribs extend outwardly along the arch area. The protruding ribs are longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. The protruding ribs extend outward approximately 0.50 mm. 
     Stability cradle  1506  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening that extends from the behind the 3rd though 5th metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. The length of the lateral midfoot pod opening is preferably sufficient to provide cushioning to the lateral aspect of the midfoot. Lateral midfoot pod is shaped essentially the same as lateral midfoot pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base within the stability cradle recession area in a location that correlates to the lateral midfoot pod opening and allows lateral midfoot pod to extend out through said lateral midfoot pod opening. 
     Lateral midfoot pod is preferably made from TPR or PU of a hardness of about 45-50 ASKER C. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base in the lateral midfoot pod opening of said base. The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base. 
     Stability cradle also defines a lateral heel pod opening that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base within the stability cradle recession area in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening and allows lateral heel pod to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening. Lateral heel pod has a lateral edge which extends along the lateral border of insole from said heel end to a lateral heel edge spaced apart from said lateral midfoot pod. The lateral edge curves in the area of the heel to follow the outline of the insole heel end. The lateral heel pod also has a medial curvilinear edge. The overall configuration is roughly a multi-sided geometric shape with curved edges as described rather than straight lines. 
     The configuration, material and position of the lateral heel pod provides cushioning and works in association with the medial heel pod to stabilize the ankle. The hardness of the lateral heel pod is preferably essentially the same as the lateral midfoot pod, which work in concert to help reduce the incidence of lateral ankle roll-overs. It is preferably made of TPR or PU of a hardness of about Shore C 45-50. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base in the lateral heel pod opening of said base. The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base. 
     Stability cradle defines a medial heel pod opening that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  102  within the stability cradle recession area in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening and allows medial heel pod to extend out through said medial heel pod opening. The medial heel pod has essentially a pea-pod shape; it has a medial edge and a lateral edge which are connected to one another at a first distal apex and a second proximal apex. The edges widen out opposite one another to define said medial heel pod. 
     Medial heel pod is preferably made from TPR or PU of a hardness of about 60 ASKER C±3. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base in the medial heel pod opening of said base. The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base. 
     Foot contact with the ground is generally divided into three phases: heel strike, midfoot support, and toe off. During heel strike, the heel of the foot impacts the ground with significant force. To cushion the impact, lateral heel pod is positioned along the rear and lateral side of the calcaneus (heel bone) and extends outwardly below stability cradle. Preferably, lateral heel pod is made of a material having suitable cushioning properties and are selected based on an intended type of activity. 
     Following the initial impact of the heel with the ground, the foot twists, or pronates, bringing the medial side of the heel into contact with the ground. The foot is sensitive to the amount of pronation as well as the rate at which the pronation occurs. Pronation is natural, and some degree of pronation is desirable because it serves to absorb the stresses and forces on the foot during walking or running. However, an excessive amount or rate of pronation can result in injury. 
     Stability cradle provides firm support along the medial portion of the foot to help control the amount of pronation. Medial heel pod helps to control the rate of pronation by forming medial heel pod out of a material having different characteristics than lateral heel pod. For example, to reduce a pronation rate, medial heel pod is made from a firmer material than lateral heel pod. A firmer or stiffer material does not compress as much or as fast as a softer material under the same load. Thus, a medial heel pod made from a firmer material would compress less than a lateral heel pod made of a softer material. As a result, medial heel pod tends to resist or counteract pronation and thereby help to reduce the degree and rate of pronation. Conversely, making medial heel pod from a softer material than lateral heel pod would tend to increase the amount and rate of pronation. 
     Preferably, the firmness of the material used in medial heel pod is selected based on the firmness of lateral heel pod and on the type of intended activity. For example, the firmness of lateral heel pod and medial heel pod differs by about 20-30% for an insole to be used during light to moderate activities. 
     Carrying a heavy backpack or other articles significantly increases the load on the foot and the rate of pronation during and following heel strike. Accordingly, medial heel pod is made significantly firmer in an insole designed for use while backpacking. As an example, a difference in firmness of about 20-40% is more appropriate for such activities. 
     Lateral midfoot pod provides cushioning and control to the lateral side of the foot during the midstance portion of a step. Typically, lateral midfoot pod is formed of a material having the same properties, e.g., firmness, as lateral heel pod. However, a material having different characteristics may also be used. 
     The use of dual density heel pods is employed to cause a kinetic change in foot function to promote ankle stability. It is also not out of the scope of the invention to have the medial heel pod softer than the lateral heel pod and/or lateral midfoot pod or any combination thereof to address different joint moments or ankle rolls. 
     At the beginning of the propulsion or toe-off phase of a step, the heel begins to lift from the ground and weight shifts to the ball of the foot. Forefoot pad is located under this part of the foot. Preferably, forefoot pad is formed of a relatively resilient material so that energy put into compressing forefoot pad is returned to help propel the foot at toe-off. 
     During toe off, the first metatarsal naturally flexes downward. Preventing this natural downward flex of the first metatarsal causes the arch of the foot to flatten and the foot to over pronate, increasing stress on the ankles and knees. To accommodate the downward flex, the medial portion of forefoot pad extends rearward into a corresponding concave edge portion of the distal edge of stability cradle. The shape of the stability cradle and forefoot pad permit the first metatarsal to flex more naturally and thereby encourage loading of the great toe during toe off. 
     Base is preferably made of foam or other material having suitable cushioning properties. Preferably, base comprises an Ethylene vinyl acetate (“EVA”) foam, which is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, or a Thermoplastic Rubber (“TPR”)/EVA mix. A preferred EVA or TPR/EVA mix has a durometer (hardness) of about Asker C 45-50. 
     Forefoot pad is preferably made from a Thermoplastic Rubber (“TPR”) or Polyurethane (“PU”). The hardness of the TPR or PU used in the forefoot pad is preferably about 30 Asker C±3. 
     The forefoot pad, lateral midfoot pod, lateral heel pod, and medial heel pod are constructed with a criss-cross groove pattern on the bottom surface of the pod or pad. The criss-cross groove pattern introduces a friction fit and air gaps into the pod/pad surfaces. Such air gaps and criss-cross groove patterns positively influence the impact absorption properties of each pod and pad. It also allows for use of less material and therefore a lighter insole while still providing the desired cushioning function. Preferably, the forefoot criss-cross groove pattern is approximately 0.75 mm deep. Preferably the lateral midfoot and heel criss-cross groove patterns and are approximately 1.00 to 3.00 mm deep. Preferably, the medial heel criss-cross groove pattern is approximately 1.00 to 2.50 mm deep. Preferably the TPR pods have the deeper criss-cross groove pattern and the PU pods have the shallower criss-cross groove pattern due to the compression characteristics of the materials. The criss-cross groove patterns assists with securing the insole in the shoe cavity and keeping the insole in place such that it will not move or slide around The criss-cross groove pattern also allows for air circulation and/or provides different cushioning and spring properties. 
     For a men&#39;s size 11-12 insole, the width of the forefoot pad from the medial to lateral side is about 85 to 95 mm. The height is about 100 to 110 mm. The depth is about 0.95 to 1.50 mm. 
     It is desirable to minimize the total weight of the insoles by selection of materials working with the structural features of the insole. It is desirable that the total weight of the preferred embodiment of the insole (men&#39;s size 10/11) be about 4.0 ounces. It is desirable that the total weight of an alternate embodiment of the insole be about 5.0 to 6.0 ounces for a men&#39;s size 10/11 and about 6.5 to 7.5 ounces for a men&#39;s size 12/13. Other sizes will be proportional. Using the criss-cross groove pattern designs will help provide a lighter insole. 
     In a preferred embodiment, base is covered with top sheet from toe to heel areas of the insole, which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
     In a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the various components of an insole which are secured to base in the recession areas defined by base on the bottom surface are permanently affixed to base using an appropriate means such as an adhesive. The components are also secured during the molding process using techniques known in the art of molding insoles. 
     The recession areas can also be lined with a cloth having a base surface and a pad/pod surface, secured to said base along said base surface and said pad/pod along said pad/pod surface. Alternatively, a cloth is secured to pad/pod and then the composite structure secured to the recession area. 
     Some shoes may slightly differ in size on the inner part of the shoe or provide extra padding along the inner walls that alter the space provided on the inner part of the shoe. Base may have sizing guides that allow a user to shorten the length of the insole for proper fit within the shoe, sizing guides provide various cutting guide lines that the user would cut along, preferably with scissors. 
     The dimensions and measurements shown in  FIGS. 15A-15E  are dimensions and measurements of a preferred embodiment which are incorporated herein. 
       FIGS. 16A-16D  illustrate the preferred embodiment or an insole for triathlon training.  FIG. 16A-1 to 16A-10  shows the top, bottom, medial side, lateral side, back, and five cross-section views of the insole. The current invention is an insole that incorporates, but is not limited to: (1) a faceted stability cradle with a plurality of stability ribs, (2) plurality of pods, (3) a forefoot pad (4) criss-cross groove patterns on the bottom surface of the pods and forefoot pads, and (5) a jadeite cooling top cloth. In accordance with principles of the present invention, a cushioning core or base is combined with a relatively stiff stability cradle and a number of elastomeric pods to form an insole that provides cushioning, stability, and control. Each pod can have a different firmness, and there are three pods that include a lateral midfoot pod, a medial heel pod, and a lateral heel pod. The pods can be adjusted to address issues of over/under pronation, over/under supination, and other problems related to foot motion by altering the size, shape, and material properties of the pods. The pods are separate in the heel pad area, and the midfoot and heel pads have grooved patterns on their bottom surface for better cushioning and traction grip in the shoe. The present invention accomplishes the goals to: (1) improve ankle and foot stability, (2) cushion the heel and forefoot during push-offs and landings, (3) help prevent insole movement or sliding during shoe operation and change-overs, and (4) provide enhanced cushioning features to the heel, midfoot, arch and forefoot during running and cross-training exercises. 
       FIG. 16A-1  is a top view of the insole  1600  illustrating the top sheet  1601  and transverse arch support  1638 . Insole  1600  comprises a top sheet  1601  secured across the entire top surface of the base from toe area to heel area. Preferably, the top surface of the base defines an upwardly-extending portion or transverse arch support  1638  that lies under the metatarsal head area of the foot. The upward extension of transverse arch support  1638  pushes up a portion of the top sheet  401  that corresponds to the area of the transverse arch support  1638 . 
     Traverse arch support  1638  preferably lies under the second to fourth metatarsal heads. Traverse arch support  1638  provides additional stability and cushioning to the forefoot and middle of the foot. 
     In a preferred embodiment, top sheet  1601  is a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  401  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. A series of air holes extend through top sheet  1601  and the base to permit air circulation above and below insole  1600 . 
       FIG. 16A-2  illustrates the bottom view of the insole. Insole  1600  preferably comprises a top sheet  1601  and a base  1602  having a top surface secured to said top sheet and an opposite bottom surface. Base  1602  also defines a longitudinal arch support  1619  that extends upwardly along the medial side of the insole to provide extra cushion and support to the arch area of the foot. 
     The bottom surface of base  1602  defines a forefoot pad recession area  1607  in the forefoot area and a stability cradle recession area  1605  along the midfoot and heel areas. The bottom surface of base  1602  also defines one or more ribs or protrusions  1632  that extend outwardly along the arch area. The ribs  1632  are preferably longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. 
     Base  1602  has a raised edge that wraps around the heel and extends partially along the sides of the foot such that the insole has a heel cup, which conforms to the natural shape of the foot. As best seen in  FIGS. 16B-7 to 16B-10 , the height of the raised edge is generally higher and thicker on the medial side of the insole and is lower and thinner on the lateral side of the insole. 
     The forefoot pad recession area  1607  begins partially proximal form the toe end of the insole near the distal ends of the proximal phalanges of the foot. The forefoot pad recession area  1607  extends rearward to about the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads on a lateral portion and approximately halfway along the 1st and 2nd metatarsals on a medial portion. Preferably the forefoot pad recession area  1607  has a rear apex  1657  that lies between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals. 
     Forefoot pad  1608  is shaped essentially the same as forefoot pad recession area  1607  and is secured therein. Forefoot pad  1608  has a medial edge, a lateral edge, a proximal (back) edge and a distal (front) edge. The medial edge of forefoot pad  1608  extends along a line spaced laterally from said medial border of said insole. The proximal edge extends from said medial edge laterally and proximally to said rear apex  1657 , laterally and distally towards the 3rd metatarsal head, then laterally and proximally to the lateral edge approximately along the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads. The lateral edge connects said proximal edge to said top edge of said forefoot pad. In use, forefoot pad recession area  1607  and forefoot pad  1608  underlie the big toe of a user&#39;s foot, and the “ball” of the foot, excluding the first metatarsal head or medial ball of the user&#39;s foot.  FIG. 11  shows the placement of foot bones on the insole. 
     An adhesive is used to secure the components. The forefoot pad  1608  provides cushioning and energy return on landing from a vertical jump. It serves as a propulsion pad and support for the metatarsal heads of a user&#39;s foot, especially the 1st and 2nd metatarsal heads. 
     It is estimated that using tougher materials increase the durability of the insole by 35% to 65% over insoles that use softer materials for this portion of the foot insole. 
     The stability cradle recession area  1605  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  1602 . The stability cradle recession area  1605  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area  1607  to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off. Stability cradle  1606  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  1605  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  1605 . 
     Stability cradle  1606  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  1602  to provide support for the foot. Preferably, stability cradle  1606  ranges from approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm thick and the walls taper from approximately 3 mm to about 0.5 mm. The sides of stability cradle  1606  are preferably higher on the medial side of the foot because of the higher loading. Preferably, stability cradle  1606  is made of a nylon material with a hardness of approximately Shore A 95. In a preferred embodiment, the stability cradle is semi-rigid. In an alternate embodiment, the stability cradle is rigid. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  1606  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear to other footwear, or vice versa, is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improve the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use by allowing the insole to resist movement out of the shoe during these change-over or swapping activities. The faceted design increases the internal function quotient of the insole significantly (by as much as 50% compared to non-faceted or smooth stability cradles) when located in the shoe cavity, thereby preventing the insole&#39;s movement or exit from the shoe cavity. 
     The stability cradle  1606  preferably defines one or more rib-shaped openings  1631 . In a preferred embodiment, the rib-shaped openings  1631  allow said ribs  1632  of base  1602  to extend therethrough. Preferably, base  1602  is molded so that the ribs  1632  project into rib-shaped openings  1631  so that the ribs  1632  are approximately flush with the outer surface of stability cradle  1606  and mechanically lock stability cradle  1606  and base  1602  together. Advantageously, the ribs  1632  are also able to bulge through rib-shaped openings  1631  when base  1602  is compressed (e.g., while walking or running) to provide additional cushioning and support to the arch of the foot. Preferably said ribs  1632  extend outwardly approximately 0.50 mm to 1.5 mm and have a width of approximately 4 mm. The rib-shaped openings  1631  allow the stability cradle  1606  to be more flexible in the arch area compared to the rest of the stability cradle  1606 . 
     In an alternate embodiment, stability cradle  1606  defines one or more protruding ribs instead of openings. The protruding ribs extend outwardly along the arch area. The protruding ribs are longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. The protruding ribs extend outward approximately 0.50 mm. 
     In accordance with principles of the present invention, a cushioning core or base is combined with a relatively stiff stability cradle and a number of elastomeric pods to form an insole that provides cushioning, stability, and control. Each pod can have a different firmness, and there are three pods that include a lateral midfoot pod, a medial heel pod, and a lateral heel pod. The pods can be adjusted to address issues of over/under pronation, over/under supination, and other problems related to foot motion by altering the size, shape, and material properties of the pods. The pods are separate in the heel pad area, and the midfoot and heel pads have grooved patterns on their bottom surface for better cushioning and traction grip in the shoe. 
     Stability cradle  1606  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening  1611  that extends from the behind the 3rd though 5th metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. The length of the lateral midfoot pod opening  1611  is preferably sufficient to provide cushioning to the lateral aspect of the midfoot. Lateral midfoot pod  1612  is shaped essentially the same as lateral midfoot pod opening  1611  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1602  within the stability cradle recession area  1605  in a location that correlates to the lateral midfoot pod opening  1611  and allows lateral midfoot pod  1612  to extend out through said lateral midfoot pod opening  1611 . 
     Lateral midfoot pod  1612  is preferably made from TPR or PU of a hardness of about 45-50 ASKER C. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base  1602  in the lateral midfoot pod opening  1611  of said base  1602 . The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base  1602 . 
     Stability cradle  1606  also defines a lateral heel pod opening  1613  that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  1606  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening  1611  toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod  1614  is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening  1613  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1602  within the stability cradle recession area  1605  in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening  1613  and allows lateral heel pod  1614  to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening  1613 . Lateral heel pod  1614  has a lateral edge which extends along the lateral border of insole  1600  from said heel end to a lateral heel edge spaced apart from said lateral midfoot pod. The lateral edge curves in the area of the heel to follow the outline of the insole heel end. The lateral heel pod  1614  also has a medial curvilinear edge. The overall configuration is roughly a multi-sided geometric shape with curved edges as described rather than straight lines. 
     The configuration, material and position of the lateral heel pod  1614  provides cushioning and works in association with the medial heel pod  1616  to stabilize the ankle. The hardness of the lateral heel pod is preferably essentially the same as the lateral midfoot pod, which work in concert to help reduce the incidence of lateral ankle roll-overs. It is preferably made of TPR or PU of a hardness of about Shore C 45-50. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base  1602  in the lateral heel pod opening  1611  of said base  1602 . The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base  1602 . 
     Stability cradle  1606  defines a medial heel pod opening  1615  that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  1602  just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod  1616  is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening  1615  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1602  within the stability cradle recession area  1605  in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening  1615  and allows medial heel pod  1616  to extend out through said medial heel pod opening  1615 . The medial heel pod  1616  has essentially a pea-pod shape; it has a medial edge and a lateral edge which are connected to one another at a first distal apex and a second proximal apex. The edges widen out opposite one another to define said medial heel pod. 
     Medial heel pod  1616  is preferably made from TPR or PU of a hardness of about 60 ASKER C±3. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base  1602  in the medial heel pod opening  1615  of said base  1602 . The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base  1602 . 
     Foot contact with the ground is generally divided into three phases: heel strike, midfoot support, and toe off. During heel strike, the heel of the foot impacts the ground with significant force. To cushion the impact, lateral heel pod  1614  is positioned along the rear and lateral side of the calcaneus (heel bone) and extends outwardly below stability cradle  1606 . Preferably, lateral heel pod  1614  is made of a material having suitable cushioning properties and are selected based on an intended type of activity. 
     Following the initial impact of the heel with the ground, the foot twists, or pronates, bringing the medial side of the heel into contact with the ground. The foot is sensitive to the amount of pronation as well as the rate at which the pronation occurs. Pronation is natural, and some degree of pronation is desirable because it serves to absorb the stresses and forces on the foot during walking or running. However, an excessive amount or rate of pronation results in injury. 
     Stability cradle  1606  provides firm support along the medial portion of the foot to help control the amount of pronation. Medial heel pod  1616  helps to control the rate of pronation by forming medial heel pod  1616  out of a material having different characteristics than lateral heel pod  1614 . For example, to reduce a pronation rate, medial heel pod  1616  can be made from a firmer material than lateral heel pod  1614 . A firmer or stiffer material does not compress as much or as fast as a softer material under the same load. Thus, a medial heel pod  1616  made from a firmer material would compress less than a lateral heel pod  1614  made of a softer material. As a result, medial heel pod  1616  tends to resist or counteract pronation and thereby help to reduce the degree and rate of pronation. Conversely, making medial heel pod  1616  from a softer material than lateral heel pod  1614  would tend to increase the amount and rate of pronation. 
     Preferably, the firmness of the material used in medial heel pod  1616  is selected based on the firmness of lateral heel pod  1614  and on the type of intended activity. For example, the firmness of lateral heel pod  1614  and medial heel pod  1616  differs by about 20-30% for an insole to be used during light to moderate activities. 
     Carrying a heavy backpack or other articles significantly increases the load on the foot and the rate of pronation during and following heel strike. Accordingly, medial heel pod  1616  can be made significantly firmer in an insole designed for use while backpacking. As an example, a difference in firmness of about 20-40% is more appropriate for such activities. 
     Lateral midfoot pod  1612  provides cushioning and control to the lateral side of the foot during the midstance portion of a step. Typically, lateral midfoot pod  1612  is formed of a material having the same properties, e.g., firmness, as lateral heel pod  1614 . However, a material having different characteristics can also be used. 
     The use of dual density heel pods is employed to cause a kinetic change in foot function to promote ankle stability. It is also not out of the scope of the invention to have the medial heel pod softer than the lateral heel pod and/or lateral midfoot pod or any combination thereof to address different joint moments or ankle rolls. 
     At the beginning of the propulsion or toe-off phase of a step, the heel begins to lift from the ground and weight shifts to the ball of the foot. Forefoot pad  1608  is located under this part of the foot. Preferably, forefoot pad  1608  is formed of a relatively resilient material so that energy put into compressing forefoot pad  1608  is returned to help propel the foot at toe-off. 
     During toe off, the first metatarsal naturally flexes downward. Preventing this natural downward flex of the first metatarsal causes the arch of the foot to flatten and the foot to over pronate, increasing stress on the ankles and knees. To accommodate the downward flex, the medial portion of forefoot pad  1608  extends rearward into a corresponding concave edge portion of the distal edge of stability cradle  1606 . The shape of the stability cradle  1606  and forefoot pad  1608  permit the first metatarsal to flex more naturally and thereby encourage loading of the great toe during toe off. 
     Base  1602  is preferably made of foam or other material having suitable cushioning properties. Preferably, base  1602  comprises an Ethylene vinyl acetate (“EVA”) foam, which is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, or a Thermoplastic Rubber (“TPR”)/EVA mix. A preferred EVA or TPR/EVA mix has a durometer (hardness) of about Asker C 45-50. 
     Forefoot pad  1608  is preferably made from a Thermoplastic Rubber (“TPR”) or Polyurethane (“PU”). The hardness of the TPR or PU used in the forefoot pad is preferably about 30 Asker C±3. 
     In accordance with principles of the present invention, a cushioning core or base is combined with a relatively stiff stability cradle and a number of elastomeric pods to form an insole that provides cushioning, stability, and control. Each pod can have a different firmness, and there are three pods that include a lateral midfoot pod, a medial heel pod, and a lateral heel pod. The pods can be adjusted to address issues of over/under pronation, over/under supination, and other problems related to foot motion by altering the size, shape, and material properties of the pods. The pods are separate in the heel pad area, and the midfoot and heel pads have grooved patterns on their bottom surface for better cushioning and traction grip in the shoe. 
     The forefoot pad  1620 , lateral midfoot pod  1621 , lateral heel pod  1622 , and medial heel pod  1623  are constructed with a criss-cross groove pattern on the bottom surface of the pod or pad. The criss-cross groove pattern introduces air gaps into the pod/pad surfaces. Such air gaps and criss-cross groove patterns positively influence the impact absorption properties. It also allows for use of less material and therefore a lighter insole while still providing the desired cushioning function. Preferably, the forefoot criss-cross groove pattern  1620  is approximately 0.75 mm deep. Preferably the lateral midfoot and heel criss-cross groove patterns  1621  and  1622  are approximately 1.00 to 3.00 mm deep. Preferably, the medial heel criss-cross groove pattern  1623  is approximately 1.00 to 2.50 mm deep. Preferably the TPR pods have the deeper criss-cross groove pattern and the PU pods have the shallower criss-cross groove pattern due to the compression characteristics of the materials. The criss-cross groove patterns also assists with keeping the insole in place and not move or slide around within the shoe. 
     For a men&#39;s size 11-12 insole, the width of the forefoot pad from the medial to lateral side is about 85 to 95 mm. The height is about 100 to 110 mm. The depth is about 0.95 to 1.50 mm. 
     It is desirable to minimize the total weight of the insoles by selection of materials working with the structural features of the insole. It is desirable that the total weight of the preferred embodiment of the insole (men&#39;s size 10/11) be about 4.0 ounces. It is desirable that the total weight of an alternate embodiment of the insole be about 5.0 to 6.0 ounces for a men&#39;s size 10/11 and about 6.5 to 7.5 ounces for a men&#39;s size 12/13. Other sizes will be proportional. Using the open-cell designs will provide for a lighter insole. 
     In a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the various components of an insole which are secured to base  1602  in the recession areas defined by base  1602  on the bottom surface are permanently affixed to base  1602  using an appropriate means such as an adhesive. The components are secured during the molding process using techniques known in the art of molding insoles. 
     The recession areas also is lined with a cloth having a base surface and a pad/pod surface, secured to said base along said base surface and said pad/pod along said pad/pod surface. Alternatively, a cloth is secured to pad/pod and then the composite structure secured to the recession area. 
     Some shoes may slightly differ in size on the inner part of the shoe. Some shoes may also provide extra padding along the inner sides, front or back of the shoe that alter the actual space provided for the foot and/or an insole on the inner part of the shoe. Base  1602  may have sizing guides  1650  that allow a user to shorten the length of the insole for proper fit within the shoe, sizing guides  1650  provide various cutting guide lines that the user would cut along, preferably with scissors. 
       FIG. 16B-1 to 16B-8  shows a bottom, medial side, lateral side, back, and four cross-section views of the stability cradle. 
       FIG. 16B-1  illustrates a medial side view of the insole. Insole  1600  preferably comprises a top sheet  1601  and a base  1602  having a top surface secured to said top sheet and an opposite bottom surface. Base  1602  also defines a longitudinal arch support  1619  that extends upwardly along the medial side of the insole to provide extra cushion and support to the arch area of the foot. 
     The bottom surface of base  1602  defines a forefoot pad recession area in the forefoot area and a stability cradle recession area  1605  along the midfoot and heel areas. The bottom surface of base  1602  also defines one or more ribs or protrusions  1632  that extend outwardly along the arch area. The ribs  1632  are preferably longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. 
     Base  1602  has a raised edge that wraps around the heel and extends partially along the sides of the foot such that the insole has a heel cup, which conforms to the natural shape of the foot. The height of the raised edge is generally higher and thicker on the medial side of the insole and is lower and thinner on the lateral side of the insole. 
     The forefoot pad recession area begins partially proximal from the toe end of the insole near the distal ends of the proximal phalanges of the foot. The forefoot pad recession area extends rearward to about the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads on a lateral portion and approximately halfway along the 1st and 2nd metatarsals on a medial portion. Preferably the forefoot pad recession area has a rear apex that lies between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals. A forefoot pad is shaped essentially the same as forefoot pad recession area and is secured therein. 
     The stability cradle recession area  1605  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  1602 . The stability cradle recession area  1605  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off. Stability cradle  1606  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  1605  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  1605 . 
     Stability cradle  1606  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  1602  to provide support for the foot. Preferably, stability cradle  1606  ranges from approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm thick and the walls taper from approximately 3 mm to about 0.5 mm. The sides of stability cradle  1606  are preferably higher on the medial side of the foot because of the higher loading. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  1606  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear with other footwear, or vice versa, is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improve the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use by allowing the insole to resist movement out of the shoe during these change-over or swapping activities. The faceted design increases the internal function quotient of the insole significantly (by as much as 50% compared to non-faceted or smooth stability cradles) when located in the shoe cavity, thereby preventing the insole&#39;s movement or exit from the shoe cavity. 
     The stability cradle  1606  preferably defines one or more rib-shaped openings  1631 . In a preferred embodiment, the rib-shaped openings  1631  allow said ribs  1632  of base  1602  to extend therethrough. Preferably, base  1602  is molded so that the ribs  1632  project into rib-shaped openings  1631  so that the ribs  1632  are approximately flush with the outer surface of stability cradle  1606  and mechanically lock stability cradle  1606  and base  1602  together. Advantageously, the ribs  1632  are also able to bulge through rib-shaped openings  1631  when base  1602  is compressed (e.g., while walking or running) to provide additional cushioning and support to the arch of the foot. Preferably said ribs  1632  extend outwardly approximately 0.50 mm to 1.5 mm and have a width of approximately 4 mm. The rib-shaped openings  1631  allow the stability cradle  1606  to be more flexible in the arch area compared to the rest of the stability cradle  1606 . 
     In accordance with principles of the present invention, a cushioning core or base is combined with a relatively stiff stability cradle and a number of elastomeric pods to form an insole that provides cushioning, stability, and control. Each pod can have a different firmness, and there are three pods that include a lateral midfoot pod, a medial heel pod, and a lateral heel pod. The pods can be adjusted to address issues of over/under pronation, over/under supination, and other problems related to foot motion by altering the size, shape, and material properties of the pods. The pods are separate in the heel pad area, and the midfoot and heel pads have grooved patterns on their bottom surface for better cushioning and traction grip in the shoe. 
     In an alternate embodiment, stability cradle  1606  defines one or more protruding ribs instead of openings. The protruding ribs extend outwardly along the arch area. The protruding ribs are longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. The protruding ribs extend outward approximately 0.50 mm. 
     Stability cradle  1606  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening that extends from the behind the 3 rd  though 5 th  metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. A lateral midfoot pod is shaped essentially the same as lateral midfoot pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1602  within the stability cradle recession area  1605  in a location that correlates to the lateral midfoot pod opening and allows lateral midfoot pod to extend out through said lateral midfoot pod opening. 
     Stability cradle  1606  also defines a lateral heel pod opening that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  1606  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1602  within the stability cradle recession area  1605  in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening and allows lateral heel pod to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening. 
     Stability cradle  1606  defines a medial heel pod opening that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  1602  just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod  1616  is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1602  within the stability cradle recession area  1605  in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening and allows medial heel pod  1616  to extend out through said medial heel pod opening. 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  1602  is covered with top sheet  1601 , which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  1601  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
     Preferably, the top surface of the base defines an upwardly-extending portion or transverse arch support  1638  that lies under the metatarsal head area of the foot. The upward extension of transverse arch support  1638  pushes up a portion of the top sheet  1601  that corresponds to the area of the transverse arch support  1638 . 
     Traverse arch support  1638  preferably lies under the second to fourth metatarsal heads. Traverse arch support  1638  provides additional stability and cushioning to the forefoot and middle of the foot. 
       FIG. 16A-2  illustrates the bottom view of the insole. Insole  1600  preferably comprises a top sheet  1601  and a base  1602  having a top surface secured to said top sheet and an opposite bottom surface. Base  1602  also defines a longitudinal arch support  1619  that extends upwardly along the medial side of the insole to provide extra cushion and support to the arch area of the foot. 
     The bottom surface of base  1602  defines a forefoot pad recession area  1607  in the forefoot area and a stability cradle recession area  1605  along the midfoot and heel areas. The bottom surface of base  1602  also defines one or more ribs or protrusions  1632  that extend outwardly along the arch area. The ribs  1632  are preferably longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. 
     Base  1602  has a raised edge that wraps around the heel and extends partially along the sides of the foot such that the insole has a heel cup, which conforms to the natural shape of the foot. As best seen in  FIGS. 16B-7 to 16B-10 , the height of the raised edge is generally higher and thicker on the medial side of the insole and is lower and thinner on the lateral side of the insole. 
     The forefoot pad recession area  1607  begins partially proximal form the toe end of the insole near the distal ends of the proximal phalanges of the foot. The forefoot pad recession area  1607  extends rearward to about the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads on a lateral portion and approximately halfway along the 1st and 2nd metatarsals on a medial portion. Preferably the forefoot pad recession area  1607  has a rear apex  1657  that lies between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals. 
     Forefoot pad  1608  is shaped essentially the same as forefoot pad recession area  1607  and is secured therein. Forefoot pad  1608  has a medial edge, a lateral edge, a proximal (back) edge and a distal (front) edge. The medial edge of forefoot pad  1608  extends along a line spaced laterally from said medial border of said insole. The proximal edge extends from said medial edge laterally and proximally to said rear apex  1657 , laterally and distally towards the 3rd metatarsal head, then laterally and proximally to the lateral edge approximately along the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads. The lateral edge connects said proximal edge to said top edge of said forefoot pad. In use, forefoot pad recession area  1607  and forefoot pad  1608  underlie the big toe of a user&#39;s foot, and the “ball” of the foot, excluding the first metatarsal head or medial ball of the user&#39;s foot.  FIG. 11  shows the placement of foot bones on the insole. 
     An adhesive is used to secure the components. The forefoot pad  1608  provides cushioning and energy return on landing from a vertical jump. It serves as a propulsion pad and support for the metatarsal heads of a user&#39;s foot, especially the 1st and 2nd metatarsal heads. 
     It is estimated that using tougher materials increase the durability of the insole by 35% to 65% over insoles that use softer materials for this portion of the foot insole. 
     The stability cradle recession area  1605  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  1602 . The stability cradle recession area  1605  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area  1607  to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off Stability cradle  1606  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  1605  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  1605 . 
     Stability cradle  1606  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  1602  to provide support for the foot. Preferably, stability cradle  1606  ranges from approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm thick and the walls taper from approximately 3 mm to about 0.5 mm. The sides of stability cradle  1606  are preferably higher on the medial side of the foot because of the higher loading. Preferably, stability cradle  1606  is made of a nylon material with a hardness of approximately Shore A 95. In a preferred embodiment, the stability cradle is semi-rigid. In an alternate embodiment, the stability cradle is rigid. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  1606  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear to other footwear, or vice versa, is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improve the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use by allowing the insole to resist movement out of the shoe during these change-over or swapping activities. The faceted design increases the internal function quotient of the insole significantly (by as much as 50% compared to non-faceted or smooth stability cradles) when located in the shoe cavity, thereby preventing the insole&#39;s movement or exit from the shoe cavity. 
     The stability cradle  1606  preferably defines one or more rib-shaped openings  1631 . In a preferred embodiment, the rib-shaped openings  1631  allow said ribs  1632  of base  1602  to extend therethrough. Preferably, base  1602  is molded so that the ribs  1632  project into rib-shaped openings  1631  so that the ribs  1632  are approximately flush with the outer surface of stability cradle  1606  and mechanically lock stability cradle  1606  and base  1602  together. Advantageously, the ribs  1632  are also able to bulge through rib-shaped openings  1631  when base  1602  is compressed (e.g., while walking or running) to provide additional cushioning and support to the arch of the foot. Preferably said ribs  1632  extend outwardly approximately 0.50 mm to 1.5 mm and have a width of approximately 4 mm. The rib-shaped openings  1631  allow the stability cradle  1606  to be more flexible in the arch area compared to the rest of the stability cradle  1606 . 
     In an alternate embodiment, stability cradle  1606  defines one or more protruding ribs instead of openings. The protruding ribs extend outwardly along the arch area. The protruding ribs are longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. The protruding ribs extend outward approximately 0.50 mm. 
     Stability cradle  1606  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening  1611  that extends from the behind the 3rd though 5th metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. The length of the lateral midfoot pod opening  1611  is preferably sufficient to provide cushioning to the lateral aspect of the midfoot. Lateral midfoot pod  1612  is shaped essentially the same as lateral midfoot pod opening  1611  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1602  within the stability cradle recession area  1605  in a location that correlates to the lateral midfoot pod opening  1611  and allows lateral midfoot pod  1612  to extend out through said lateral midfoot pod opening  1611 . 
     Lateral midfoot pod  1612  is preferably made from TPR or PU of a hardness of about 45-50 ASKER C. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base  1602  in the lateral midfoot pod opening  1611  of said base  1602 . The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base  1602 . 
     Stability cradle  1606  also defines a lateral heel pod opening  1613  that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  1606  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening  1611  toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod  1614  is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening  1613  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1602  within the stability cradle recession area  1605  in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening  1613  and allows lateral heel pod  1614  to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening  1613 . Lateral heel pod  1614  has a lateral edge which extends along the lateral border of insole  1600  from said heel end to a lateral heel edge spaced apart from said lateral midfoot pod. The lateral edge curves in the area of the heel to follow the outline of the insole heel end. The lateral heel pod  1614  also has a medial curvilinear edge. The overall configuration is roughly a multi-sided geometric shape with curved edges as described rather than straight lines. 
     The configuration, material and position of the lateral heel pod  1614  provides cushioning and works in association with the medial heel pod  516  to stabilize the ankle. The hardness of the lateral heel pod is preferably essentially the same as the lateral midfoot pod, which work in concert to help reduce the incidence of lateral ankle roll-overs. It is preferably made of TPR or PU of a hardness of about Shore C 45-50. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base  1602  in the lateral heel pod opening  1611  of said base  1602 . The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base  1602 . 
     Stability cradle  1606  defines a medial heel pod opening  1615  that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  1602  just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod  1616  is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening  1615  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1602  within the stability cradle recession area  1605  in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening  1615  and allows medial heel pod  1616  to extend out through said medial heel pod opening  1615 . The medial heel pod  1616  has essentially a pea-pod shape; it has a medial edge and a lateral edge which are connected to one another at a first distal apex and a second proximal apex. The edges widen out opposite one another to define said medial heel pod. 
     Medial heel pod  1616  is preferably made from TPR or PU of a hardness of about 60 ASKER C±3. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base  1602  in the medial heel pod opening  1615  of said base  1602 . The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base  1602 . 
     Foot contact with the ground is generally divided into three phases: heel strike, midfoot support, and toe off. During heel strike, the heel of the foot impacts the ground with significant force. To cushion the impact, lateral heel pod  1614  is positioned along the rear and lateral side of the calcaneus (heel bone) and extends outwardly below stability cradle  1606 . Preferably, lateral heel pod  1614  is made of a material having suitable cushioning properties and are selected based on an intended type of activity. 
     Following the initial impact of the heel with the ground, the foot twists, or pronates, bringing the medial side of the heel into contact with the ground. The foot is sensitive to the amount of pronation as well as the rate at which the pronation occurs. Pronation is natural, and some degree of pronation is desirable because it serves to absorb the stresses and forces on the foot during walking or running. However, an excessive amount or rate of pronation results in injury. 
     Stability cradle  1606  provides firm support along the medial portion of the foot to help control the amount of pronation. Medial heel pod  1616  helps to control the rate of pronation by forming medial heel pod  1616  out of a material having different characteristics than lateral heel pod  1614 . For example, to reduce a pronation rate, medial heel pod  1616  can be made from a firmer material than lateral heel pod  1614 . A firmer or stiffer material does not compress as much or as fast as a softer material under the same load. Thus, a medial heel pod  1616  made from a firmer material would compress less than a lateral heel pod  1614  made of a softer material. As a result, medial heel pod  1616  tends to resist or counteract pronation and thereby help to reduce the degree and rate of pronation. Conversely, making medial heel pod  1616  from a softer material than lateral heel pod  1614  would tend to increase the amount and rate of pronation. 
     Preferably, the firmness of the material used in medial heel pod  1616  is selected based on the firmness of lateral heel pod  1614  and on the type of intended activity. For example, the firmness of lateral heel pod  1614  and medial heel pod  1616  differs by about 20-30% for an insole to be used during light to moderate activities. 
     Carrying a heavy backpack or other articles significantly increases the load on the foot and the rate of pronation during and following heel strike. Accordingly, medial heel pod  1616  can be made significantly firmer in an insole designed for use while backpacking. As an example, a difference in firmness of about 20-40% is more appropriate for such activities. 
     Lateral midfoot pod  1612  provides cushioning and control to the lateral side of the foot during the midstance portion of a step. Typically, lateral midfoot pod  1612  is formed of a material having the same properties, e.g., firmness, as lateral heel pod  1614 . However, a material having different characteristics can also be used. 
     The use of dual density heel pods is employed to cause a kinetic change in foot function to promote ankle stability. It is also not out of the scope of the invention to have the medial heel pod softer than the lateral heel pod and/or lateral midfoot pod or any combination thereof to address different joint moments or ankle rolls. 
     At the beginning of the propulsion or toe-off phase of a step, the heel begins to lift from the ground and weight shifts to the ball of the foot. Forefoot pad  1608  is located under this part of the foot. Preferably, forefoot pad  1608  is formed of a relatively resilient material so that energy put into compressing forefoot pad  1608  is returned to help propel the foot at toe-off. 
     During toe off, the first metatarsal naturally flexes downward. Preventing this natural downward flex of the first metatarsal causes the arch of the foot to flatten and the foot to over pronate, increasing stress on the ankles and knees. To accommodate the downward flex, the medial portion of forefoot pad  1608  extends rearward into a corresponding concave edge portion of the distal edge of stability cradle  1606 . The shape of the stability cradle  1606  and forefoot pad  1608  permit the first metatarsal to flex more naturally and thereby encourage loading of the great toe during toe off. 
     Base  1602  is preferably made of foam or other material having suitable cushioning properties. Preferably, base  1602  comprises an Ethylene vinyl acetate (“EVA”) foam, which is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, or a Thermoplastic Rubber (“TPR”)/EVA mix. A preferred EVA or TPR/EVA mix has a durometer (hardness) of about Asker C 45-50. 
     Forefoot pad  1608  is preferably made from a Thermoplastic Rubber (“TPR”) or Polyurethane (“PU”). The hardness of the TPR or PU used in the forefoot pad is preferably about 30 Asker C±3. 
     The forefoot pad  1620 , lateral midfoot pod  1621 , lateral heel pod  1622 , and medial heel pod  1623  are constructed with a criss-cross groove pattern on the bottom surface of the pod or pad. The criss-cross groove pattern introduces air gaps into the pod/pad surfaces. Such air gaps and criss-cross groove patterns positively influence the impact absorption properties. It also allows for use of less material and therefore a lighter insole while still providing the desired cushioning function. Preferably, the forefoot criss-cross groove pattern  1620  is approximately 0.75 mm deep. Preferably the lateral midfoot and heel criss-cross groove patterns  1621  and  1622  are approximately 1.00 to 3.00 mm deep. Preferably, the medial heel criss-cross groove pattern  1623  is approximately 1.00 to 2.50 mm deep. Preferably the TPR pods have the deeper criss-cross groove pattern and the PU pods have the shallower criss-cross groove pattern due to the compression characteristics of the materials. The criss-cross groove patterns also assists with keeping the insole in place and not move or slide around within the shoe. 
     For a men&#39;s size 11-12 insole, the width of the forefoot pad from the medial to lateral side is about 85 to 95 mm. The height is about 100 to 110 mm. The depth is about 0.95 to 1.50 mm. 
     It is desirable to minimize the total weight of the insoles by selection of materials working with the structural features of the insole. It is desirable that the total weight of the preferred embodiment of the insole (men&#39;s size 10/11) be about 4.0 ounces. It is desirable that the total weight of an alternate embodiment of the insole be about 5.0 to 6.0 ounces for a men&#39;s size 10/11 and about 6.5 to 7.5 ounces for a men&#39;s size 12/13. Other sizes will be proportional. Using the open-cell designs will provide for a lighter insole. 
     In a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the various components of an insole which are secured to base  1602  in the recession areas defined by base  1602  on the bottom surface are permanently affixed to base  1602  using an appropriate means such as an adhesive. The components are secured during the molding process using techniques known in the art of molding insoles. 
     The recession areas also is lined with a cloth having a base surface and a pad/pod surface, secured to said base along said base surface and said pad/pod along said pad/pod surface. Alternatively, a cloth is secured to pad/pod and then the composite structure secured to the recession area. 
     Some shoes may slightly differ in size on the inner part of the shoe. Some shoes may also provide extra padding along the inner sides, front or back of the shoe that alter the actual space provided for the foot and/or an insole on the inner part of the shoe. Base  1602  may have sizing guides  1650  that allow a user to shorten the length of the insole for proper fit within the shoe, sizing guides  1650  provide various cutting guide lines that the user would cut along, preferably with scissors. 
       FIG. 16B-3  illustrates a lateral side view of the insole. Insole  1600  preferably comprises a top sheet  1601  and a base  1602  having a top surface secured to said top sheet  1601  and an opposite bottom surface. Base  1602  also defines a longitudinal arch support  1619  that extends upwardly along the medial side of the insole to provide extra cushion and support to the arch area of the foot. 
     The bottom surface of base  1602  defines a forefoot pad recession area in the forefoot area and a stability cradle recession area  1605  along the midfoot and heel areas. 
     Base  1602  has a raised edge that wraps around the heel and extends partially along the sides of the foot such that the insole has a heel cup, which conforms to the natural shape of the foot. The height of the raised edge is generally higher and thicker on the medial side of the insole and is lower and thinner on the lateral side of the insole. 
     The forefoot pad recession area begins partially proximal from the toe end of the insole near the distal ends of the proximal phalanges of the foot. The forefoot pad recession area extends rearward to about the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads on a lateral portion and approximately halfway along the 1st and 2nd metatarsals on a medial portion. Preferably the forefoot pad recession area has a rear apex that lies between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals. A forefoot pad is shaped essentially the same as forefoot pad recession area and is secured therein. 
     The stability cradle recession area  1605  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  1602 . The stability cradle recession area  1605  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area  1607  to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off. Stability cradle  1606  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  1605  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  1605 . 
     Stability cradle  1606  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  1602  to provide support for the foot. Preferably, stability cradle  1606  ranges from approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm thick and the walls taper from approximately 3 mm to about 0.5 mm. The sides of stability cradle  1606  are preferably higher on the medial side of the foot because of the higher loading. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  1606  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear to other footwear, or vice versa, is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improve the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use by allowing the insole to resist movement out of the shoe during these change-over or swapping activities. The faceted design increases the internal function quotient of the insole significantly (by as much as 50% compared to non-faceted or smooth stability cradles) when located in the shoe cavity, thereby preventing the insole&#39;s movement or exit from the shoe cavity. 
     Stability cradle  1606  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening that extends from the behind the 3 rd  though 5 th  metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. A lateral midfoot pod  1612  is shaped essentially the same as lateral midfoot pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1602  within the stability cradle recession area  1605  in a location that correlates to the lateral midfoot pod opening and allows lateral midfoot pod  1612  to extend out through said lateral midfoot pod opening. 
     Stability cradle  1606  also defines a lateral heel pod opening that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  1606  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod  1614  is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1602  within the stability cradle recession area  1605  in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening and allows lateral heel pod  1614  to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening. 
     Stability cradle  1606  defines a medial heel pod opening that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  1602  just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1602  within the stability cradle recession area  1605  in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening and allows medial heel pod to extend out through said medial heel pod opening. 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  1602  is covered with top sheet  1601 , which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  1601  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
     Preferably, the top surface of the base defines an upwardly-extending portion or transverse arch support  1638  that lies under the metatarsal head area of the foot. The upward extension of transverse arch support  1638  pushes up a portion of the top sheet  1601  that corresponds to the area of the transverse arch support  1638 . 
     Traverse arch support  1638  preferably lies under the second to fourth metatarsal heads. Traverse arch support  1638  provides additional stability and cushioning to the forefoot and middle of the foot. 
       FIG. 16B-4  is a top view of the insole illustrating the top sheet  1601  and transverse arch support  1638 . Insole  1600  comprises a top sheet  1601  secured across the entire top surface of the base from toe area to heel area. Preferably, the top surface of the base defines an upwardly-extending portion or transverse arch support  1638  that lies under the metatarsal head area of the foot. The upward extension of transverse arch support  1638  pushes up a portion of the top sheet  1601  that corresponds to the area of the transverse arch support  1638 . 
     Traverse arch support  1638  preferably lies under the second to fourth metatarsal heads. Traverse arch support  1638  provides additional stability and cushioning to the forefoot and middle of the foot. 
     In a preferred embodiment, top sheet  1601  is a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  1601  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. A series of air holes extend through top sheet  1601  and the base to permit air circulation above and below insole  1600 . 
       FIG. 16B-5  is a section view line  16 B- 5  along the middle of the insole as identified in  FIGS. 16B-2 . Insole  1600  preferably comprises a top sheet  1601  and a base  1602  having a top surface secured to said top sheet  1601  and an opposite bottom surface. The bottom surface of base  1602  defines a forefoot pad recession area  1607  in the forefoot area and a stability cradle recession area  1605  along the midfoot and heel areas. 
     Base  1602  has a raised edge that wraps around the heel and extends partially along the sides of the foot such that the insole has a heel cup, which conforms to the natural shape of the foot. As best seen in  FIGS. 16B-6 to 16B-10 , the height of the raised edge is generally higher and thicker on the medial side of the insole and is lower and thinner on the lateral side of the insole. 
     Preferably, the top surface of the base  1602  defines an upwardly-extending portion or transverse arch support  1638  that lies under the metatarsal head area of the foot. The upward extension of transverse arch support  1638  pushes up a portion of the top sheet  1601  that corresponds to the area of the transverse arch support  1638 . Traverse arch support  1638  preferably lies under the second to fourth metatarsal heads. Traverse arch support  1638  provides additional stability and cushioning to the forefoot and middle of the foot. 
     The forefoot pad recession area  1607  begins partially proximal form the toe end of the insole near the distal ends of the proximal phalanges of the foot. The forefoot pad recession area  1607  extends rearward to about the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads on a lateral portion and approximately halfway along the 1st and 2nd metatarsals on a medial portion. Preferably the forefoot pad recession area  1607  has a rear apex that lies between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals. 
     Forefoot pad  1608  is shaped essentially the same as forefoot pad recession area  1607  and is secured therein. Forefoot pad  1608  has a medial edge, a lateral edge, a proximal (back) edge and a distal (front) edge. The medial edge of forefoot pad  1608  extends along a line spaced laterally from said medial border of said insole. The proximal edge extends from said medial edge laterally and proximally to said rear apex  1657 , laterally and distally towards the 3rd metatarsal head, then laterally and proximally to the lateral edge approximately along the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads. The lateral edge connects said proximal edge to said top edge of said forefoot pad. In use, forefoot pad recession area  1607  and forefoot pad  1608  underlie the big toe of a user&#39;s foot, and the “ball” of the foot, excluding the first metatarsal head or medial ball of the user&#39;s foot.  FIG. 11  shows the placement of foot bones on the insole. 
     An adhesive is be used to secure the components. The forefoot pad  1608  provides cushioning and energy return on landing from a vertical jump. It serves as a propulsion pad and support for the metatarsal heads of a user&#39;s foot, especially the 1st and 2nd metatarsal heads. 
     It is estimated that using tougher materials increases the durability of the insole by 35% to 65% over insoles that use softer materials for this portion of the foot insole. 
     The stability cradle recession area  1605  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  1602 . The stability cradle recession area  1605  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area  1607  to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off. Stability cradle  1606  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  1605  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  1605 . 
     Stability cradle  1606  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  1602  to provide support for the foot. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  1606  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear with other footwear, or vice versa, is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improves the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use by allowing the insole to resist movement out of the shoe during these change-over or swapping activities. The faceted design increases the internal function quotient of the insole significantly (by as much as 50% compared to non-faceted or smooth stability cradles) when located in the shoe cavity, thereby preventing the insole&#39;s movement or exit from the shoe cavity. 
     Stability cradle  1606  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening that extends from the behind the 3rd though 5th metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. The length of the lateral midfoot pod opening is preferably sufficient to provide cushioning to the lateral aspect of the midfoot. Lateral midfoot pod is shaped essentially the same as lateral midfoot pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1602  within the stability cradle recession area  1605  in a location that correlates to the lateral midfoot pod opening and allows lateral midfoot pod to extend out through said lateral midfoot pod opening. 
     Stability cradle  1606  also defines a lateral heel pod opening  1613  that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  1606  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening  1611  toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod  1614  is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening  1613  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1602  within the stability cradle recession area  1605  in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening  1613  and allows lateral heel pod  1614  to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening  1613 . Lateral heel pod  1614  has a lateral edge which extends along the lateral border of insole  1600  from said heel end to a lateral heel edge spaced apart from said lateral midfoot pod. The lateral edge curves in the area of the heel to follow the outline of the insole heel end. The lateral heel pod  1614  also has a medial curvilinear edge. The overall configuration is roughly a multi-sided geometric shape with curved edges as described rather than straight lines. 
     The configuration, material and position of the lateral heel pod  1614  provides cushioning and works in association with the medial heel pod  1615  to stabilize the ankle. 
     Stability cradle  1606  defines a medial heel pod opening  1615  that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  1602  just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod  1616  is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening  1615  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1602  within the stability cradle recession area  1605  in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening  1615  and allows medial heel pod  1616  to extend out through said medial heel pod opening  1615 . The medial heel pod  1616  has essentially a pea-pod shape; it has a medial edge and a lateral edge which are connected to one another at a first distal apex and a second proximal apex. The edges widen out opposite one another to define said medial heel pod. 
     Foot contact with the ground is generally divided into three phases: heel strike, midfoot support, and toe off. During heel strike, the heel of the foot impacts the ground with significant force. To cushion the impact, lateral heel pod  1614  is positioned along the rear and lateral side of the calcaneus (heel bone) and extends outwardly below stability cradle  1606 . Preferably, lateral heel pod  1614  is made of a material having suitable cushioning properties and are selected based on an intended type of activity. 
     Following the initial impact of the heel with the ground, the foot twists, or pronates, bringing the medial side of the heel into contact with the ground. The foot is sensitive to the amount of pronation as well as the rate at which the pronation occurs. Pronation is natural, and some degree of pronation is desirable because it serves to absorb the stresses and forces on the foot during walking or running. However, an excessive amount or rate of pronation results in injury. 
     Stability cradle  1606  provides firm support along the medial portion of the foot to help control the amount of pronation. Medial heel pod  1616  helps to control the rate of pronation by forming medial heel pod  1616  out of a material having different characteristics than lateral heel pod  1614 . For example, to reduce a pronation rate, medial heel pod  1616  is made from a firmer material than lateral heel pod  1614 . A firmer or stiffer material does not compress as much or as fast as a softer material under the same load. Thus, a medial heel pod  1616  made from a firmer material would compress less than a lateral heel pod  1614  made of a softer material. As a result, medial heel pod  1616  tends to resist or counteract pronation and thereby help to reduce the degree and rate of pronation. Conversely, making medial heel pod  1616  from a softer material than lateral heel pod  1614  would tend to increase the amount and rate of pronation. 
     Preferably, the firmness of the material used in medial heel pod  1616  is selected based on the firmness of lateral heel pod  1614  and on the type of intended activity. For example, the firmness of lateral heel pod  1614  and medial heel pod  1616  differs by about 20-30% for an insole to be used during light to moderate activities. 
     Carrying a heavy backpack or other articles significantly increases the load on the foot and the rate of pronation during and following heel strike. Accordingly, medial heel pod  1616  is made significantly firmer in an insole designed for use while backpacking. As an example, a difference in firmness of about 20-40% is more appropriate for such activities. 
     Lateral midfoot pod  1612  provides cushioning and control to the lateral side of the foot during the midstance portion of a step. Typically, lateral midfoot pod is formed of a material having the same properties, e.g., firmness, as lateral heel pod  1614 . However, a material having different characteristics may also be used. 
     The use of dual density heel pods is employed to cause a kinetic change in foot function to promote ankle stability. It is also not out of the scope of the invention to have the medial heel pod softer than the lateral heel pod and/or lateral midfoot pod or any combination thereof to address different joint moments or ankle rolls. 
     At the beginning of the propulsion or toe-off phase of a step, the heel begins to lift from the ground and weight shifts to the ball of the foot. Forefoot pad  1608  is located under this part of the foot. Preferably, forefoot pad  1608  is formed of a relatively resilient material so that energy put into compressing forefoot pad  1608  is returned to help propel the foot at toe-off. 
     During toe off, the first metatarsal naturally flexes downward. Preventing this natural downward flex of the first metatarsal causes the arch of the foot to flatten and the foot to over pronate, increasing stress on the ankles and knees. To accommodate the downward flex, the medial portion of forefoot pad  1608  extends rearward into a corresponding concave edge portion of the distal edge of stability cradle  1606 . The shape of the stability cradle  1606  and forefoot pad  1608  permit the first metatarsal to flex more naturally and thereby encourage loading of the great toe during toe off. 
     In accordance with principles of the present invention, a cushioning core or base is combined with a relatively stiff stability cradle and a number of elastomeric pods to form an insole that provides cushioning, stability, and control. Each pod can have a different firmness, and there are three pods that include a lateral midfoot pod, a medial heel pod, and a lateral heel pod. The pods can be adjusted to address issues of over/under pronation, over/under supination, and other problems related to foot motion by altering the size, shape, and material properties of the pods. The pods are separate in the heel pad area, and the midfoot and heel pads have grooved patterns on their bottom surface for better cushioning and traction grip in the shoe. 
     The forefoot pad  1620 , lateral midfoot pod  1621 , lateral heel pod  1622 , and medial heel pod  1623  are constructed with a criss-cross groove pattern on the bottom surface of the pod or pad. The criss-cross groove pattern introduces air gaps into the pod/pad surfaces. Such air gaps and criss-cross groove patterns positively influence the impact absorption properties. It also allows for use of less material and therefore a lighter insole while still providing the desired cushioning function. Preferably, the forefoot criss-cross groove pattern  1620  is approximately 0.75 mm deep. Preferably the lateral midfoot and heel criss-cross groove patterns are approximately 1.00 to 3.00 mm deep. Preferably, the medial heel criss-cross groove pattern  1623  is approximately 1.00 to 2.50 mm deep. 
     For a men&#39;s size 11-12 insole, the width of the forefoot pad from the medial to lateral side is about 85 to 95 mm. The height is about 100 to 110 mm. The depth is about 0.95 to 1.50 mm. 
     It is desirable to minimize the total weight of the insoles by selection of materials working with the structural features of the insole. It is desirable that the total weight of the preferred embodiment of the insole (men&#39;s size 10/11) be about 4.0 ounces. It is desirable that the total weight of an alternate embodiment of the insole be about 5.0 to 6.0 ounces for a men&#39;s size 10/11 and about 6.5 to 7.5 ounces for a men&#39;s size 12/13. Other sizes will be proportional. Using the criss-cross groove pattern designs will help provide a lighter insole. 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  1602  is covered with top sheet  1601 , which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  1601  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
     In a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the various components of an insole which are secured to base  1602  in the recession areas defined by base  1602  on the bottom surface are permanently affixed to base  1602  using an appropriate means such as an adhesive. The components also be secured during the molding process using techniques known in the art of molding insoles. 
     The recession areas are also be lined with a cloth having a base surface and a pad/pod surface, secured to said base along said base surface and said pad/pod along said pad/pod surface. Alternatively, a cloth is secured to pad/pod and then the composite structure secured to the recession area. 
       FIG. 16B-6  illustrates a rear view of the insole. Insole  1600  preferably comprises a top sheet  1601  and a base  1602  having a top surface secured to said top sheet and an opposite bottom surface. Base  1602  also defines a longitudinal arch support  1619  that extends upwardly along the medial side of the insole to provide extra cushion and support to the arch area of the foot. 
     The bottom surface of base  1602  defines a forefoot pad recession area in the forefoot area and a stability cradle recession area  1605  along the midfoot and heel areas. The bottom surface of base  1602  also define one or more ribs or protrusions  1632  that extend outwardly along the arch area. The ribs  1632  are preferably longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. An alternate embodiment has the ribs or protrusions defined by the stability cradle  1606  and extending outwardly from the stability cradle  1606  in the arch area. 
     Base  1602  has a raised edge that wraps around the heel and extends partially along the sides of the foot such that the insole has a heel cup, which conforms to the natural shape of the foot. The height of the raised edge is generally higher and thicker on the medial side of the insole and is lower and thinner on the lateral side of the insole. 
     The forefoot pad recession area begins partially proximal from the toe end of the insole near the distal ends of the proximal phalanges of the foot. The forefoot pad recession area extends rearward to about the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads on a lateral portion and approximately halfway along the 1st and 2nd metatarsals on a medial portion. Preferably the forefoot pad recession area has a rear apex that lies between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals. A forefoot pad is shaped essentially the same as forefoot pad recession area and is secured therein. 
     The stability cradle recession area  1605  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  1602 . The stability cradle recession area  1605  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off Stability cradle  1606  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  1605  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  1605 . 
     Stability cradle  1606  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  1602  to provide support for the foot. Preferably, stability cradle  1606  ranges from approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm thick and the walls taper from approximately 3 mm to about 0.5 mm. The sides of stability cradle  1606  are preferably higher on the medial side of the foot because of the higher loading. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  1606  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear with other footwear, or vice versa, is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improves the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use by allowing the insole to resist movement out of the shoe during these change-over or swapping activities. The faceted design increases the internal function quotient of the insole significantly (by as much as 50% compared to non-faceted or smooth stability cradles) when located in the shoe cavity, thereby preventing the insole&#39;s movement or exit from the shoe cavity. 
     The stability cradle  1606  preferably defines one or more rib-shaped openings  1631 . In a preferred embodiment, the rib-shaped openings  1631  allow said ribs  1632  of base  1602  to extend therethrough. Preferably, base  1602  is molded so that the ribs  1632  project into rib-shaped openings  1631  so that the ribs  1632  are approximately flush with the outer surface of stability cradle  1606  and mechanically lock stability cradle  1606  and base  1602  together. Advantageously, the ribs  1632  are also able to bulge through rib-shaped openings  1631  when base  1602  is compressed (e.g., while walking or running) to provide additional cushioning and support to the arch of the foot. Preferably said ribs  1632  extend outwardly approximately 0.50 mm to 1.5 mm and have a width of approximately 4 mm. The rib-shaped openings  1631  allow the stability cradle  1606  to be more flexible in the arch area compared to the rest of the stability cradle  1606 . 
     In an alternate embodiment, stability cradle  1606  defines one or more protruding ribs instead of openings. The protruding ribs extend outwardly along the arch area. The protruding ribs are longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. The protruding ribs extend outward approximately 0.50 mm. 
     Stability cradle  1606  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening that extends from the behind the 3 rd  though 5 th  metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. A lateral midfoot pod is shaped essentially the same as lateral midfoot pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1602  within the stability cradle recession area  1605  in a location that correlates to the lateral midfoot pod opening and allows lateral midfoot pod to extend out through said lateral midfoot pod opening. 
     Stability cradle  1606  also defines a lateral heel pod opening that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  1606  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod  1614  is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1602  within the stability cradle recession area  1605  in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening and allows lateral heel pod  1614  to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening. 
     Stability cradle  1606  defines a medial heel pod opening that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  1602  just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod  1616  is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1602  within the stability cradle recession area  1605  in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening and allows medial heel pod  1616  to extend out through said medial heel pod opening. 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  1602  is covered with top sheet  1601 , which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  1601  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. Preferably the forefoot pad recession area  1607  has a rear apex that lies between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals. 
       FIG. 16B-7  illustrates a cross section  16 B- 7  as identified in  FIGS. 16B-2 . Insole  1600  preferably comprises a top sheet  1601  and a base  1602  having a top surface secured to said top sheet  1601  and an opposite bottom surface. The bottom surface of base  1602  defines a forefoot pad recession area and a stability cradle recession area. 
     The stability cradle recession area  1605  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  1602 . The stability cradle recession area  1605  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off Stability cradle  1626  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  1605  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  1605 . Stability cradle  1606  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  1602  to provide support for the foot. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  1606  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improves the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use. 
     Stability cradle  1606  also defines a lateral heel pod opening  1613  that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  1606  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening  1611  toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod  1614  is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening  1613  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1602  within the stability cradle recession area  1605  in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening  1613  and allows lateral heel pod  1614  to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening  1613 . Lateral heel pod  1614  has a lateral edge which extends along the lateral border of insole  1600  from said heel end to a lateral heel edge spaced apart from said lateral midfoot pod. The lateral edge curves in the area of the heel to follow the outline of the insole heel end. The lateral heel pod  1614  also has a medial curvilinear edge. The overall configuration is roughly a multi-sided geometric shape with curved edges as described rather than straight lines. 
     Stability cradle  1606  defines a medial heel pod opening  1615  that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  1602  just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod  1616  is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening  1615  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1602  within the stability cradle recession area  1605  in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening  1615  and allows medial heel pod  1616  to extend out through said medial heel pod opening  1615 . The medial heel pod  1616  has essentially a pea-pod shape; it has a medial edge and a lateral edge which are connected to one another at a first distal apex and a second proximal apex. The edges widen out opposite one another to define said medial heel pod. 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  1602  is covered with top sheet  1601 , which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  1601  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
       FIGS. 16B-9 and 16B-8  illustrates a cross section  16 B- 9  and  16 B- 8 , respectively, as identified in  FIGS. 16B-2 . Insole  1600  preferably comprises a top sheet  1601  and a base  1602  having a top surface secured to said top sheet  1601  and an opposite bottom surface. The bottom surface of base  1602  defines a forefoot pad recession area and a stability cradle recession area. 
     The stability cradle recession area  1605  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  1602 . The stability cradle recession area  1605  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off Stability cradle  1616  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  1605  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  1605 . Stability cradle  1606  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base  1602  to provide support for the foot. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  1606  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improves the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use. 
     The stability cradle  1606  preferably defines one or more rib-shaped openings  1631 . In a preferred embodiment, the rib-shaped openings  1631  allow said ribs  1632  of base  1602  to extend therethrough. Preferably, base  1602  is molded so that the ribs  1632  project into rib-shaped openings  1631  so that the ribs  1632  are approximately flush with the outer surface of stability cradle  1606  and mechanically lock stability cradle  1606  and base  1602  together. Advantageously, the ribs  1632  are also able to bulge through rib-shaped openings  1631  when base  1602  is compressed (e.g., while walking or running) to provide additional cushioning and support to the arch of the foot. Preferably said ribs  1632  extend outwardly approximately 0.50 mm to 1.5 mm and have a width of approximately 4 mm. The rib-shaped openings  1631  allow the stability cradle  1606  to be more flexible in the arch area compared to the rest of the stability cradle  1606 . 
     In an alternate embodiment, stability cradle  1606  defines one or more protruding ribs instead of openings. The protruding ribs extend outwardly along the arch area. The protruding ribs are longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. The protruding ribs extend outward approximately 0.50 mm. 
     Stability cradle  1606  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening  1611  that extends from the behind the 3rd though 5th metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. The length of the lateral midfoot pod opening  1611  is preferably sufficient to provide cushioning to the lateral aspect of the midfoot. Lateral midfoot pod  1612  is shaped essentially the same as lateral midfoot pod opening  1611  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1602  within the stability cradle recession area in a location that correlates to the lateral midfoot pod opening  1611  and allows lateral midfoot pod  1612  to extend out through said lateral midfoot pod opening  1611 . 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  1602  is covered with top sheet  1601 , which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  1601  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
       FIG. 16B-10  illustrates a cross section  16 B- 10  as identified in  FIGS. 16B-2 . Insole  1600  preferably comprises a top sheet  1601  and a base  1602  having a top surface secured to said top sheet  1601  and an opposite bottom surface. The bottom surface of base  1602  defines a forefoot pad recession area and a stability cradle recession area. 
     The stability cradle recession area  1605  is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base  1602 . The stability cradle recession area  1605  extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off Stability cradle  1606  is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area  1605  and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area  1605 . 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  1606  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improve the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use. 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  1602  is covered with top sheet  1601 , which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  1601  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
     Preferably, the top surface of the base defines an upwardly-extending portion or transverse arch support  1638  that lies under the metatarsal head area of the foot. The upward extension of transverse arch support  1638  pushes up a portion of the top sheet  1601  that corresponds to the area of the transverse arch support  1638 . 
     Traverse arch support  1638  preferably lies under the second to fourth metatarsal heads. Traverse arch support  1638  provides additional stability to the forefoot and middle of the foot. 
       FIGS. 16C-1 to 16C-8  medial side, bottom, lateral side, back and four cross section views of a stability cradle  1606 . A stability cradle recession area is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of a base. The stability cradle recession area extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of a forefoot recession area to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off Stability cradle  1606  is shaped essentially the same as the stability cradle recession area and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area. 
     Stability cradle  1606  has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of the base to provide support for the foot. Preferably, stability cradle  1606  ranges from approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm thick and the walls taper from approximately 3 mm to about 0.5 mm. The sides of stability cradle  1606  are preferably higher on the medial side of the foot because of the higher loading. Preferably, stability cradle  1606  is made of a nylon material with a hardness of approximately Shore A 95. In a preferred embodiment, the stability cradle is semi-rigid. In an alternate embodiment, the stability cradle is rigid. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle  1606  has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping shoes and running gear to other footwear, or vice versa, is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improves the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use by allowing the insole to resist movement out of the shoe during these change-over or swapping activities. The faceted design increases the internal function quotient of the insole significantly (by as much as 50% compared to non-faceted or smooth stability cradles) when located in the shoe cavity, thereby preventing the insole&#39;s movement or exit from the shoe cavity. 
     The stability cradle  1606  preferably defines one or more rib-shaped openings  1631 . In a preferred embodiment, the rib-shaped openings  1631  allow ribs on the base to extend therethrough. Advantageously, the ribs are also able to bulge through rib-shaped openings  1631  when base is compressed (e.g., while walking or running) to provide additional cushioning and support to the arch of the foot. The rib-shaped openings  1631  allow the stability cradle  1606  to be more flexible in the arch area compared to the rest of the stability cradle  1606 . 
     Stability cradle  1606  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening  1611  that extends from the behind the 3rd though 5th metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. The length of the lateral midfoot pod opening  1611  is preferably sufficient to provide cushioning to the lateral aspect of the midfoot. The lateral midfoot pod opening  1611  is designed to allow a lateral midfoot pod to extend there through. 
     In accordance with principles of the present invention, a cushioning core or base is combined with a relatively stiff stability cradle and a number of elastomeric pods to form an insole that provides cushioning, stability, and control. Each pod can have a different firmness, and there are three pods that include a lateral midfoot pod, a medial heel pod, and a lateral heel pod. The pods can be adjusted to address issues of over/under pronation, over/under supination, and other problems related to foot motion by altering the size, shape, and material properties of the pods. The pods are separate in the heel pad area, and the midfoot and heel pads have grooved patterns on their bottom surface for better cushioning and traction grip in the shoe. 
     Stability cradle  1606  also defines a lateral heel pod opening  1613  that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  1606  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening  1611  toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod opening  1613  has a lateral edge which extends along the lateral border of insole from said heel end to a lateral heel edge spaced apart from said lateral midfoot pod opening  1611 . The lateral edge curves in the area of the heel to follow the outline of the insole heel end. The lateral heel pod opening  1613  also has a medial curvilinear edge. The overall configuration is roughly a multi-sided geometric shape with curved edges as described rather than straight lines. Lateral heel pod opening  1613  is designed to allow a lateral heel pod to extend there through. 
     Medial heel pod opening  1615  extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  1602  just short of the heel end. The medial heel pod opening  1615  has essentially a pea-pod shape; it has a medial edge and a lateral edge which are connected to one another at a first distal apex and a second proximal apex. The edges widen out opposite one another to define said medial heel pod opening. Medial heel pod opening  1615  is designed to allow a medial heel pod to extend there through. 
     Stability cradle  1606  provides firm support along the medial portion of the foot to help control the amount of pronation. 
       FIG. 16C-1 to 16C-5  shows a bottom and side views of the lateral midfoot pod, medial heel pod, and lateral heel pod, and a section view of the medial heel pod and lateral heel pod. 
       FIG. 16D-1 to 16D-5  show a medial side, bottom, lateral side, prospective and one cross-section view of the insole pads  1612 ,  1614  and  1616 . Stability cradle  1606  also defines a lateral heel pod opening  1613  that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle  1606  from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening  1611  toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod  1614  is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening  1613  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1602  within the stability cradle recession area  1605  in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening  1613  and allows lateral heel pod  1614  to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening  1613 . Lateral heel pod  1614  has a lateral edge which extends along the lateral border of insole  1600  from said heel end to a lateral heel edge spaced apart from said lateral midfoot pod. The lateral edge curves in the area of the heel to follow the outline of the insole heel end. The lateral heel pod  1614  also has a medial curvilinear edge. The overall configuration is roughly a multi-sided geometric shape with curved edges as described rather than straight lines. 
     The configuration, material and position of the lateral heel pod  1614  provides cushioning and works in association with the medial heel pod  1615  to stabilize the ankle. The hardness of the lateral heel pod is preferably essentially the same as the lateral midfoot pod, which work in concert to help reduce the incidence of lateral ankle roll-overs. It is preferably made of TPR or PU of a hardness of about Shore C 45-50. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base  102  in the lateral heel pod opening  1613  of said base  1602 . The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base  1602 . 
     Stability cradle  1606  defines a medial heel pod opening  1615  that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base  1602  just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod  1616  is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening  1615  and is secured to the bottom surface of base  1602  within the stability cradle recession area  1605  in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening  1615  and allows medial heel pod  1616  to extend out through said medial heel pod opening  1615 . The medial heel pod  1616  has essentially a pea-pod shape; it has a medial edge and a lateral edge which are connected to one another at a first distal apex and a second proximal apex. The edges widen out opposite one another to define said medial heel pod. 
     Medial heel pod  1616  is preferably made from TPR or PU of a hardness of about 60 ASKER C±3. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base  102  in the medial heel pod opening  1615  of said base  1602 . The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base  1602 . 
     Foot contact with the ground is generally divided into three phases: heel strike, midfoot support, and toe off. During heel strike, the heel of the foot impacts the ground with significant force. To cushion the impact, lateral heel pod  1614  is positioned along the rear and lateral side of the calcaneus (heel bone) and extends outwardly below stability cradle  1606 . Preferably, lateral heel pod  1614  is made of a material having suitable cushioning properties and are selected based on an intended type of activity. 
     Following the initial impact of the heel with the ground, the foot twists, or pronates, bringing the medial side of the heel into contact with the ground. The foot is sensitive to the amount of pronation as well as the rate at which the pronation occurs. Pronation is natural, and some degree of pronation is desirable because it serves to absorb the stresses and forces on the foot during walking or running. However, an excessive amount or rate of pronation can result in injury. 
     Stability cradle  1606  provides firm support along the medial portion of the foot to help control the amount of pronation. Medial heel pod  1616  helps to control the rate of pronation by forming medial heel pod  1616  out of a material having different characteristics than lateral heel pod  1614 . For example, to reduce a pronation rate, medial heel pod  1616  is made from a firmer material than lateral heel pod  1614 . A firmer or stiffer material does not compress as much or as fast as a softer material under the same load. Thus, a medial heel pod  1616  made from a firmer material would compress less than a lateral heel pod  1614  made of a softer material. As a result, medial heel pod  1616  tends to resist or counteract pronation and thereby help to reduce the degree and rate of pronation. Conversely, making medial heel pod  1616  from a softer material than lateral heel pod  1614  would tend to increase the amount and rate of pronation. 
     Preferably, the firmness of the material used in medial heel pod  1616  is selected based on the firmness of lateral heel pod  1614  and on the type of intended activity. For example, the firmness of lateral heel pod  1614  and medial heel pod  1616  differs by about 20-30% for an insole to be used during light to moderate activities. 
     Carrying a heavy backpack or other articles significantly increases the load on the foot and the rate of pronation during and following heel strike. Accordingly, medial heel pod  1616  is made significantly firmer in an insole designed for use while backpacking. As an example, a difference in firmness of about 20-40% is more appropriate for such activities. 
     Lateral midfoot pod  1612  provides cushioning and control to the lateral side of the foot during the midstance portion of a step. Typically, lateral midfoot pod  1612  is formed of a material having the same properties, e.g., firmness, as lateral heel pod  1614 . However, a material having different characteristics may also be used. 
       FIG. 16D-1 to 16D-4  shows a bottom, side, cross section and prospective view of the forefoot pad. 
       FIGS. 16E-1 to 16E-4  show a medial side, bottom, cross-section and prospective view of the forefoot pad  1608 . Forefoot pad  108  is preferably made from a Thermoplastic Rubber (“TPR”) or Polyurethane (“PU”). The hardness of the TPR or PU used in the forefoot pad is preferably about 30 Asker C±3. The forefoot pad  1620 , lateral midfoot pod  1621 , lateral heel pod  1622 , and medial heel pod  1623  are constructed with a criss-cross groove pattern on the bottom surface of the pod or pad. The criss-cross groove pattern introduces air gaps into the pod/pad surfaces. Such air gaps and criss-cross groove patterns positively influence the impact absorption properties of each pod and pad. It also allows for use of less material and therefore a lighter insole while still providing the desired cushioning function. Preferably, the forefoot criss-cross groove pattern  1620  is approximately 0.75 mm deep. Preferably the lateral midfoot and heel criss-cross groove patterns  1621  and  1622  are approximately 1.00 to 3.00 mm deep. Preferably, the medial heel criss-cross groove pattern  1623  is approximately 1.00 to 2.50 mm deep. Preferably the TPR pods have the deeper criss-cross groove pattern and the PU pods have the shallower criss-cross groove pattern due to the compression characteristics of the materials. The criss-cross groove patterns assists with securing the insole in the shoe cavity and keeping the insole in place such that it will not move or slide around. The criss-cross groove pattern also allows for air circulation and/or provides different cushioning and spring properties. 
     For a men&#39;s size 11-12 insole, the width of the forefoot pad from the medial to lateral side is about 85 to 95 mm. The height is about 100 to 110 mm. The depth is about 0.95 to 1.50 mm. 
     It is desirable to minimize the total weight of the insoles by selection of materials working with the structural features of the insole. It is desirable that the total weight of the preferred embodiment of the insole (men&#39;s size 10/11) be about 4.0 ounces. It is desirable that the total weight of an alternate embodiment of the insole be about 5.0 to 6.0 ounces for a men&#39;s size 10/11 and about 6.5 to 7.5 ounces for a men&#39;s size 12/13. Other sizes will be proportional. Using the criss-cross groove pattern designs will help provide a lighter insole. 
     In a preferred embodiment, base  1602  is covered with top sheet  1601  from toe to heel areas of the insole, which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet  1601  is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
     Insole preferably comprises a top sheet and a base having a top surface secured to said top sheet and an opposite bottom surface. Base also defines a longitudinal arch support that extends upwardly along the medial side of the insole to provide extra cushion and support to the arch area of the foot. 
     Preferably, the top surface of the base defines an upwardly-extending portion or transverse arch support that lies under the metatarsal head area of the foot. The upward extension of transverse arch support pushes up a portion of the top sheet that corresponds to the area of the transverse arch support. 
     The bottom surface of base defines a forefoot pad recession area in the forefoot area and a stability cradle recession area along the midfoot and heel areas. The bottom surface of base also defines one or more ribs or protrusions that extend outwardly along the arch area. The ribs are preferably longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. An alternate embodiment has the ribs or protrusions defined by the stability cradle and extending outwardly from the stability cradle in the arch area. 
     Base has a raised edge that wraps around the heel and extends partially along the sides of the foot such that the insole has a heel cup, which conforms to the natural shape of the foot. The height of the raised edge is generally higher and thicker on the medial side of the insole and is lower and thinner on the lateral side of the insole. 
     The forefoot pad recession area begins partially proximal from the toe end of the insole near the distal ends of the proximal phalanges of the foot. The forefoot pad recession area extends rearward to about the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads on a lateral portion and approximately halfway along the 1st and 2nd metatarsals on a medial portion. Preferably the forefoot pad recession area has a rear apex that lies between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals. 
     Forefoot pad is shaped essentially the same as forefoot pad recession area and is secured therein. Forefoot pad has a medial edge, a lateral edge, a proximal (back) edge and a distal (front) edge. The medial edge of forefoot pad extends along a line spaced laterally from said medial border of said insole. The proximal edge extends from said medial edge laterally and proximally to said rear apex, laterally and distally towards the 3rd metatarsal head, then laterally and proximally to the lateral edge approximately along the 3rd through 5th metatarsal heads. The lateral edge connects said proximal edge to said top edge of said forefoot pad. In use, forefoot pad recession area and forefoot pad underlie the big toe of a user&#39;s foot, and the “ball” of the foot, excluding the first metatarsal head or medial ball of the user&#39;s foot. 
     An adhesive is be used to secure the components. The forefoot pad provides cushioning and energy return on landing from a vertical jump. It serves as a propulsion pad and support for the metatarsal heads of a user&#39;s foot, especially the 1st and 2nd metatarsal heads. 
     The stability cradle recession area is located in the midfoot and heel areas of the bottom surface of base. The stability cradle recession area extends from a medial edge approximate the medial border to a lateral edge approximate the lateral border of the base and from a distal edge slightly proximal of the forefoot recession area to a proximal edge approximate the heel end of the base. A medial portion of the distal edge is shaped to accommodate downward motion of the 1st metatarsal during toe off Stability cradle is shaped essentially the same as stability cradle recession area and has a base facing surface and a shoe facing surface. The base facing surface is secured to said stability cradle recession area. 
     Stability cradle has walls that wrap up the sides and rear of base to provide support for the foot. Preferably, stability cradle ranges from approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm thick and the walls taper from approximately 3 mm to about 0.5 mm. The sides of stability cradle are preferably higher on the medial side of the foot because of the higher loading. Preferably, stability cradle is made of a nylon material with a hardness of approximately Shore A 95. In a preferred embodiment, the stability cradle is semi-rigid. In an alternate embodiment, the stability cradle is rigid. 
     Preferably, the shoe facing surface of stability cradle has a “faceted” surface texture. This textured faceted surface increases the ability of the insole to “stay in place” when a user&#39;s foot is being placed into or out of the shoe. Swapping and “change-over” of shoes and running gear to other footwear, or vice versa is a very common practice during triathlon events and practice sessions. As such, these faceted textures significantly improve the use and performance of these insoles for this particular use by allowing the insole to resist movement out of the shoe during these change-over or swapping activities. The faceted design increases the internal function quotient of the insole significantly (by as much as 50% compared to non-faceted or smooth stability cradles) when located in the shoe cavity, thereby preventing the insole&#39;s movement or exit from the shoe cavity. 
     The stability cradle preferably defines one or more rib-shaped openings. In a preferred embodiment, the rib-shaped openings allow said ribs of base to extend therethrough. Preferably, base is molded so that the ribs project into rib-shaped openings so that the ribs are approximately flush with the outer surface of stability cradle and mechanically lock stability cradle and base together. Advantageously, the ribs are also able to bulge through rib-shaped openings when base is compressed (e.g., while walking or running) to provide additional cushioning and support to the arch of the foot. Preferably said ribs extend outwardly approximately 0.50 mm to 1.5 mm and have a width of approximately 4 mm. The rib-shaped openings allow the stability cradle to be more flexible in the arch area compared to the rest of the stability cradle. 
     In an alternate embodiment, stability cradle defines one or more protruding ribs instead of openings. The protruding ribs extend outwardly along the arch area. The protruding ribs are longer around the cuneiforms and gradually shorter distally and proximally from the cuneiforms creating a parabolic-like overall shape. The protruding ribs extend outward approximately 0.50 mm. 
     Stability cradle  106  defines a lateral midfoot pod opening that extends from the behind the 3rd though 5th metatarsal heads proximally to the back of the cuboid. The length of the lateral midfoot pod opening is preferably sufficient to provide cushioning to the lateral aspect of the midfoot. Lateral midfoot pod is shaped essentially the same as lateral midfoot pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base within the stability cradle recession area in a location that correlates to the lateral midfoot pod opening and allows lateral midfoot pod to extend out through said lateral midfoot pod opening. 
     Lateral midfoot pod is preferably made from TPR or PU of a hardness of about 45-50 ASKER C. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base in the lateral midfoot pod opening of said base. The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base. 
     Stability cradle also defines a lateral heel pod opening that extends through the lateral side of the heel area of stability cradle from approximately rearward of the lateral midfoot pod opening toward the heel end. Lateral heel pod is shaped essentially the same as lateral heel pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base within the stability cradle recession area in a location that correlates to the lateral heel pod opening and allows lateral heel pod to extend out through said lateral heel pod opening. Lateral heel pod has a lateral edge which extends along the lateral border of insole from said heel end to a lateral heel edge spaced apart from said lateral midfoot pod. The lateral edge curves in the area of the heel to follow the outline of the insole heel end. The lateral heel pod also has a medial curvilinear edge. The overall configuration is roughly a multi-sided geometric shape with curved edges as described rather than straight lines. 
     The configuration, material and position of the lateral heel pod provides cushioning and works in association with the medial heel pod to stabilize the ankle. The hardness of the lateral heel pod is preferably essentially the same as the lateral midfoot pod, which work in concert to help reduce the incidence of lateral ankle roll-overs. It is preferably made of TPR or PU of a hardness of about Shore C 45-50. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base in the lateral heel pod opening of said base. The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base. 
     In accordance with principles of the present invention, a cushioning core or base is combined with a relatively stiff stability cradle and a number of elastomeric pods to form an insole that provides cushioning, stability, and control. Each pod can have a different firmness, and there are three pods that include a lateral midfoot pod, a medial heel pod, and a lateral heel pod. The pods can be adjusted to address issues of over/under pronation, over/under supination, and other problems related to foot motion by altering the size, shape, and material properties of the pods. The pods are separate in the heel pad area, and the midfoot and heel pads have grooved patterns on their bottom surface for better cushioning and traction grip in the shoe. 
     Stability cradle defines a medial heel pod opening that extends through the heel area along the medial side of heel area on the bottom surface of base just short of the heel end. Medial heel pod is shaped essentially the same as medial heel pod opening and is secured to the bottom surface of base  102  within the stability cradle recession area in a location that correlates to the medial heel pod opening and allows medial heel pod to extend out through said medial heel pod opening. The medial heel pod has essentially a pea-pod shape; it has a medial edge and a lateral edge which are connected to one another at a first distal apex and a second proximal apex. The edges widen out opposite one another to define said medial heel pod. 
     Medial heel pod is preferably made from TPR or PU of a hardness of about 60 ASKER C±3. If TPR is used, a fabric is in turn secured to the base in the medial heel pod opening of said base. The fabric component allows the TPR to properly adhere to the base. 
     Foot contact with the ground is generally divided into three phases: heel strike, midfoot support, and toe off. During heel strike, the heel of the foot impacts the ground with significant force. To cushion the impact, lateral heel pod is positioned along the rear and lateral side of the calcaneus (heel bone) and extends outwardly below stability cradle. Preferably, lateral heel pod is made of a material having suitable cushioning properties and are selected based on an intended type of activity. 
     Following the initial impact of the heel with the ground, the foot twists, or pronates, bringing the medial side of the heel into contact with the ground. The foot is sensitive to the amount of pronation as well as the rate at which the pronation occurs. Pronation is natural, and some degree of pronation is desirable because it serves to absorb the stresses and forces on the foot during walking or running. However, an excessive amount or rate of pronation can result in injury. 
     Stability cradle provides firm support along the medial portion of the foot to help control the amount of pronation. Medial heel pod helps to control the rate of pronation by forming medial heel pod out of a material having different characteristics than lateral heel pod. For example, to reduce a pronation rate, medial heel pod is made from a firmer material than lateral heel pod. A firmer or stiffer material does not compress as much or as fast as a softer material under the same load. Thus, a medial heel pod made from a firmer material would compress less than a lateral heel pod made of a softer material. As a result, medial heel pod tends to resist or counteract pronation and thereby help to reduce the degree and rate of pronation. Conversely, making medial heel pod from a softer material than lateral heel pod would tend to increase the amount and rate of pronation. 
     Preferably, the firmness of the material used in medial heel pod is selected based on the firmness of lateral heel pod and on the type of intended activity. For example, the firmness of lateral heel pod and medial heel pod differs by about 20-30% for an insole to be used during light to moderate activities. 
     Carrying a heavy backpack or other articles significantly increases the load on the foot and the rate of pronation during and following heel strike. Accordingly, medial heel pod is made significantly firmer in an insole designed for use while backpacking. As an example, a difference in firmness of about 20-40% is more appropriate for such activities. 
     Lateral midfoot pod provides cushioning and control to the lateral side of the foot during the midstance portion of a step. Typically, lateral midfoot pod is formed of a material having the same properties, e.g., firmness, as lateral heel pod. However, a material having different characteristics may also be used. 
     The use of dual density heel pods is employed to cause a kinetic change in foot function to promote ankle stability. It is also not out of the scope of the invention to have the medial heel pod softer than the lateral heel pod and/or lateral midfoot pod or any combination thereof to address different joint moments or ankle rolls. 
     At the beginning of the propulsion or toe-off phase of a step, the heel begins to lift from the ground and weight shifts to the ball of the foot. Forefoot pad is located under this part of the foot. Preferably, forefoot pad is formed of a relatively resilient material so that energy put into compressing forefoot pad is returned to help propel the foot at toe-off. 
     During toe off, the first metatarsal naturally flexes downward. Preventing this natural downward flex of the first metatarsal causes the arch of the foot to flatten and the foot to over pronate, increasing stress on the ankles and knees. To accommodate the downward flex, the medial portion of forefoot pad extends rearward into a corresponding concave edge portion of the distal edge of stability cradle. The shape of the stability cradle and forefoot pad permit the first metatarsal to flex more naturally and thereby encourage loading of the great toe during toe off. 
     Base is preferably made of foam or other material having suitable cushioning properties. Preferably, base comprises an Ethylene vinyl acetate (“EVA”) foam, which is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, or a Thermoplastic Rubber (“TPR”)/EVA mix. A preferred EVA or TPR/EVA mix has a durometer (hardness) of about Asker C 45-50. 
     Forefoot pad is preferably made from a Thermoplastic Rubber (“TPR”) or Polyurethane (“PU”). The hardness of the TPR or PU used in the forefoot pad is preferably about 30 Asker C±3. 
     The forefoot pad, lateral midfoot pod, lateral heel pod, and medial heel pod are constructed with a criss-cross groove pattern on the bottom surface of the pod or pad. The criss-cross groove pattern introduces air gaps into the pod/pad surfaces. Such air gaps and criss-cross groove patterns positively influence the impact absorption properties of each pod and pad. It also allows for use of less material and therefore a lighter insole while still providing the desired cushioning function. Preferably, the forefoot criss-cross groove pattern is approximately 0.75 mm deep. Preferably the lateral midfoot and heel criss-cross groove patterns and are approximately 1.00 to 3.00 mm deep. Preferably, the medial heel criss-cross groove pattern is approximately 1.00 to 2.50 mm deep. Preferably the TPR pods have the deeper criss-cross groove pattern and the PU pods have the shallower criss-cross groove pattern due to the compression characteristics of the materials. The criss-cross groove patterns assists with securing the insole in the shoe cavity and keeping the insole in place such that it will not move or slide around The criss-cross groove pattern also allows for air circulation and/or provides different cushioning and spring properties. 
     For a men&#39;s size 11-12 insole, the width of the forefoot pad from the medial to lateral side is about 85 to 95 mm. The height is about 100 to 110 mm. The depth is about 0.95 to 1.50 mm. 
     It is desirable to minimize the total weight of the insoles by selection of materials working with the structural features of the insole. It is desirable that the total weight of the preferred embodiment of the insole (men&#39;s size 10/11) be about 4.0 ounces. It is desirable that the total weight of an alternate embodiment of the insole be about 5.0 to 6.0 ounces for a men&#39;s size 10/11 and about 6.5 to 7.5 ounces for a men&#39;s size 12/13. Other sizes will be proportional. Using the criss-cross groove pattern designs will help provide a lighter insole. 
     In a preferred embodiment, base is covered with top sheet from toe to heel areas of the insole, which is preferably a non-woven fabric layer with a low coefficient of friction so as to minimize the possibility of blisters. Preferably, top sheet is made of a cooling fabric which contains a special low temperature jade obtained from a natural source. The form of jade in the fabric is a jadeite. In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is treated with an antibacterial agent, which in combination with a moisture barrier reduces odor causing bacteria and fungi. 
     In a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the various components of an insole which are secured to base in the recession areas defined by base on the bottom surface are permanently affixed to base using an appropriate means such as an adhesive. The components are also secured during the molding process using techniques known in the art of molding insoles. 
     The recession areas can also be lined with a cloth having a base surface and a pad/pod surface, secured to said base along said base surface and said pad/pod along said pad/pod surface. Alternatively, a cloth is secured to pad/pod and then the composite structure secured to the recession area. 
     Some shoes may slightly differ in size on the inner part of the shoe or provide extra padding along the inner walls that alter the space provided on the inner part of the shoe. Base may have sizing guides that allow a user to shorten the length of the insole for proper fit within the shoe, sizing guides provide various cutting guide lines that the user would cut along, preferably with scissors. 
     The dimensions and measurements shown in  FIGS. 16A-16D  are dimensions and measurements of a second preferred embodiment which are incorporated herein. 
     While preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, modifications thereof can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and teachings of the invention. The embodiments described herein are exemplary only, and are not intended to be limiting. Many variations and modifications of the invention disclosed herein are possible and are within the scope of the invention.