Patent Publication Number: US-2012036697-A1

Title: Methods for installing drainable structures with concealed drains

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present patent application is related to co-pending and commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, Attorney Docket No. 825343-51, entitled “Cover for Concealed Drain,” U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, Attorney Docket No. 825343-52, entitled “Improved Tileable Drain and Cover Apparatus,” U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, Attorney Docket No. 825343-53, entitled “Kits from which may be Manufactured Drainable Structures with Concealed Drains,” and U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, Attorney Docket No. 825343-55, entitled “Concealed Drainage Apparatus,” filed on even date with the present patent application, the entire teachings of which being hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates generally to shower pans, drains, and drain tops, grates or covers used in connection with a shower, shower pan, bath, sink, floor, and other surface or fixture, and more particularly to a drain, and to a drain apparatus attached to or used in conjunction with such drain or other drains, which permits a drain top, grate, or cover to be securely attached to and/or over all or a portion of the drain, and such drain top, grate or cover to (i) be tiled; (ii) be removable; (iii) be interchangeable with other drain tops, grates or covers; (iv) allow the drainage of water at or around one or more of the perimeter edges of the drain top, grate or cover; (v) allow the drainage of water in a gap between one or more of the perimeter edges of the tiled or untiled drain top, grate or cover and another grate free tiled or untiled surface, regardless of the orientation of such surface (e.g. vertical, horizontal, etc.) surrounding or adjacent to the drain top, grate or cover; (vi) allow the drainage of water in a gap which is created when the drain top, grate, or cover is placed in registry with the drain body, the peripheral edge of the drain top, grate or cover is spaced from a drain recess peripheral sidewall (defined by the floor off of which liquid is to be drained) so as to define a gap therebetween through which water may pass while flowing toward the drain aperture; (vii) allow such drain and drain tops, grates or covers to be used and to be adapted for use in connection with (A) prefabricated shower pans (such as those described herein), and/or (B) a partially prefabricated shower pan (such as those described herein), and/or (C) a mortar bed or other hand made shower pan floor (such as those described herein), and/or (D) any other tiled or tileable surface or fixture; and (viii) substantially conceal from view the drain aperture. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     The inventor is unaware of any shower, bath, shower pan, sink, floor, or drain therefore which employs an attachable, removable, and interchangeable drain top, grate or cover which can be covered with floor or wall coverings such as tile, stone, concrete, stucco, or any other floor or wall coverings, etc, and which permits water to drain (i) at one or more of the grate free perimeter edges of the tiled or tileable drain top, grate, or cover, and/or (ii) in a gap between one or more of the grate free perimeter edges of the tiled or tileable drain top, grate or cover and another grate free surface with tile, stone, and/or other floor or wall coverings, and which makes the drain feature essentially undetectable to ordinary observation. Such an arrangement is highly desirable from an aesthetic perspective. A similar arrangement in which the drain top, grate or cover is not removable would also be desirable. 
     Therefore, a need exists for, among other things, drains and drain tops, grates and covers (i) which are adapted to be covered with decorative coverings such as floor and wall coverings, (ii) which are attachable to the floor or other surface at or around the drain such as a drain of a shower pan, (iii) which drain tops, grates and covers are optionally removable and interchangeable with other drain tops, grates and covers, (iv) which permit water to drain through a gap between one or more of the perimeter sides of the tiled or tileable drain top, grate or cover and another adjacent or surrounding tiled or tileable surface, (v) which permit water or other liquid to drain in a gap created when the drain cover is placed in registry with the drain body, such that the peripheral edge of the drain cover is spaced from the drain recess peripheral sidewall so as to define a gap therebetween through which water or other liquid may pass while flowing toward the drain aperture, (vi) which permit the drainage of water through a shower, bath, sink, floor or other drain while giving the appearance that there is actually no drain, and (vii) which allow the drains and the drain tops, grates and covers to be used and to be adapted for use in connection with (A) a prefabricated shower pan (such as those defined herein), and/or (B) a prefabricated shower pan (such as those defined herein), and/or (C) a mortar bed or other hand made shower floor (such as those defined herein), and/or (D) tiled or tileable surface or fixture (such as those defined herein). 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed to shower pans, and drains and drain tops, grates or covers used in connection with a shower, shower pan, bath, sink, floor and other surface or fixture, and which drain tops, grates or covers at least partially cover the drain apparatus, which drain tops, grates or covers are attachable, and optionally removable and/or interchangeable with other drain tops, grates or covers, which drain tops, grates or covers can be covered with tile, stone, or any other floor or wall covering, and which permits water to drain (i) at one or more of the grate free perimeter edges of the tiled or tileable drain top, grate or cover and/or the grate free perimeter edges of the drain apparatus, and/or (ii) through a gap between one or more of the perimeter edges of the tiled or tileable drain top, grate or cover and another adjacent or surrounding horizontal and/or vertical tiled or tileable surface, and/or (iii) which permits water or other liquid to drain in a gap created when the drain cover is placed in registry with the drain body, such that the peripheral edge of the drain cover is spaced from the drain recess peripheral sidewall so as to define a gap therebetween through which water or other liquid may pass while flowing toward the drain aperture, and (iv) which permits ample drainage from the shower, shower pan, bath, sink, floor, fixture or other drain structure while making the drain apparatus essentially undetectable. A drain body defines a drain aperture which is adapted to be placed in registry with a shower, shower pan, bath, sink, floor, fixture or other drain conduit. A drain top, grate, or cover is associated with the drain body in such a way that it covers substantially the entirety of the drain aperture, allows the drainage of water along the perimeter edges or within the body of the drain top, grate or cover, and/or may be manufactured so as to be attachable and removable from the drain body, and/or interchangeable with other drain tops, grates or covers, and permits the water or other liquid to drain in a grate free area at one or more of the perimeter edges of the drain top, grate or cover and or drain apparatus, and/or in a gap between one or more grate free edges of the tiled drain top, grate or cover and another adjacent tiled or tileable surface, including but not limited to an adjacent tiled shower pan surface, shower floor surface, bath, sink, fixture, floor, or other tiled or tileable surface, while essentially making the drain apparatus undetectable from view yet permitting water to flow into and through the drain aperture. The floor or wall covering may be attached to the drain top, grate or cover at any time, including, but not limited to, (i) at or about the time of manufacture of the drain and/or the drain top, grate or cover, (ii) at or about the time of the manufacture of the shower pan, shower, floor, sink, bath, fixture or other tiled or tileable surface or other apparatus into which the drain has been or will be integrated, (iii) at or about the time the drain apparatus, or other article or fixture into which the drain has been or will be integrated, is installed over a drain aperture in the field, and/or (iv) at any time after the drain and/or a the shower pan, floor, sink, bath fixture or other surface into which the drain has been integrated, is installed in the field. 
     In one embodiment, a drain body is integrally formed with a prefabricated shower pan (as defined herein) at the time of manufacture of the shower pan, such as, but not limited to, the type of prefabricated shower pan disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,913,777 entitled “Pre-Fabricated Shower Module and Method of Shower Construction.” The drain body defines a drain aperture which is adapted to be placed in registry with the floor of the prefabricated shower pan in such a manner that the drain is sufficiently recessed below the shower pan floor to accommodate a tileable drain top, grate, or cover. A drain top, grate or cover, which can be covered with stone, tile, concrete, stucco or other floor or wall covering, is associated with the drain body and the prefabricated shower pan surface in such a way that (i) it covers the drain so that an upper surface of the drain cover is substantially coplanar with an upper surface of the adjacent floor of the prefabricated shower pan surface, (ii) both the prefabricated shower pan and the drain top, grate or cover can be covered with tile, stone, or other floor or wall covering, so that the drain will blend into the flooring material used on the surrounding prefabricated shower pan floor, (iii) the drain top, grate or cover is attachable to the drain, which drain is integrated into the prefabricated shower pan, (iv) the drain top, grate or cover is optionally removable and/or interchangeable with other drain tops, grates and covers, (v) the drain top, grate or cover permits water to drain into the drain apparatus along the outside perimeter of the drain top, grate or cover and/or the drain apparatus, (vi) the drain top, grate or cover also permits water or other liquid to drain in a gap created when the drain cover is placed in registry with the drain body, such that the peripheral edge of the drain cover is spaced from the drain recess peripheral sidewall defined by the shower pan so as to define a gap therebetween through which water or other liquid may pass while flowing toward the drain aperture, and (vii) the drain top, grate or cover permits water to drain into a gap between one or more of the perimeter tiled or tileable edges of the drain top, grate or cover and one or more of the adjacent tiled or tileable perimeter edges of the drain recess in the prefabricated shower pan, (viii) the drain is sufficiently recessed into or below an upper surface of the prefabricated shower pan floor so that an upper surface of the tiled or tileable drain top, grate, or cover when attached in registry with the drain is substantially coplanar with the adjacent upper surface of the tiled or tileable prefabricated shower pan floor, and the lower surface of the attached drain top, grate or cover and the upper surface of the drain body floor are spaced so that a sufficient gap is created so as to allow for water to drain therethrough into the drain aperture, (ix) the drain top, grate or cover substantially covers the entirety of the drain aperture and the drain apparatus from view while permitting water to flow into and through the drain apparatus and aperture, (x) optionally, a removable strainer can be placed between the drain top, grate or cover and the drain aperture. The drain top grate or cover can be made of any appropriate material including but not limited to plastic such as PVC or ABS, polyurethane, polyethylene, metal such as copper, cast iron, aluminum, steel, or building materials such as stone, concrete, marble, cultured marble, mortar, stucco or any other material. 
     In another embodiment, a drain body is integrally formed with a partially prefabricated shower pan of the type which does not have an integrated drain, such that the drain is attached to the partially prefabricated shower pan sometime after manufacture, and in many cases in the field at or about the time of installation of the partially prefabricated shower pan. The drain body defines a drain aperture which is adapted to be placed in registry with the floor of a partially prefabricated shower pan in such a manner that the drain body is sufficiently recessed into or below the partially prefabricated shower pan floor to accommodate a drain top, grate or cover. A drain top, grate or cover, which can be covered with stone, tile, concrete, stucco or other floor or wall covering, is associated with the drain body in such a way that (i) it covers all or a portion of the drain so that an upper surface of the drain cover is substantially coplanar with an upper surface of the floor of the partially prefabricated shower pan surface, (ii) both the partially prefabricated shower pan and the drain top, grate or cover can be covered with tile, stone, or other floor or wall covering, so that it will blend into the flooring material used on the surrounding partially prefabricated shower pan floor, (iii) the drain top, grate or cover is attachable to the drain or the partially prefabricated shower pan, (iv) the drain top, grate or cover is optionally removable and/or interchangeable with other drain tops, grates and covers, (v) the drain top, grate or cover permits water to drain into the drain apparatus along the outside perimeter of the drain top, grate or cover and/or the drain apparatus, (vi) the drain top, grate or cover also permits water or other liquid to drain in a gap created when the drain cover is placed in registry with the drain body, such that the peripheral edge of the drain cover is spaced from the drain recess peripheral sidewall so as to define a gap therebetween through which water or other liquid may pass while flowing toward the drain aperture, and (vii) the drain top, grate or cover permits water to drain into a gap between one or more of the perimeter tiled or tileable edges of the drain top, grate or cover and one or more of the adjacent tiled or tileable perimeter edges of the drain recess in the partially prefabricated shower pan, (viii) the drain is sufficiently recessed into or below an upper surface of the partially prefabricated shower pan floor so that an upper surface of the tiled or tileable drain top, grate, or cover when attached in substantial registry with the drain is substantially coplanar with the adjacent upper surface of the tiled or tileable partially prefabricated shower pan floor, and the lower surface of the attached drain top, grate or cover and the upper surface of the drain body floor are spaced so that a sufficient gap is created so as to allow for water to drain therethrough into the drain aperture, (ix) the drain top, grate or cover covers substantially the entirety of the drain aperture and the drain apparatus from view while permitting water to flow into and through the drain apparatus and aperture, and (x) optionally, a removable strainer can be placed between the drain top, grate or cover and the drain aperture. The cover can be made of any appropriate material including but not limited to plastic such as PVC or ABS, polyurethane, polyethylene, metal such as copper, cast iron, aluminum, steel, or building materials such as stone, concrete, marble, cultured marble, mortar, stucco or any other material. 
     In another embodiment, a drain body is integrally formed with a mortar bed or other hand-made shower pan, bath or other floor (as herein defined) which may or may not be constructed in conjunction with a vinyl liner or other water proofing membrane(s). The drain body defines a drain aperture which is adapted to be placed in registry with the floor of a mortar bed or other hand-made shower floor, bath floor, floor, or other surface in such a manner that the drain body is sufficiently recessed in the mortar bed or below the shower, bath, or other floor to accommodate a drain top, grate, or cover. A drain top, grate or cover, which can be covered with stone, tile, concrete, stucco or other floor or wall covering, is associated with the drain body in such a way that (i) it covers the drain so that an upper surface of the drain cover is substantially coplanar with an upper surface of the floor of the mortar bed or other hand-made shower pan floor, (ii) both the mortar bed or other hand-made shower pan floor and the drain top, grate or cover can be covered with tile, stone, or other floor or wall covering, so that the drain top, grate or cover will blend into the flooring material used on the surrounding mortar bed or other hand made shower pan floor, (iii) the drain top, grate or cover is attachable to the drain or the mortar bed or other hand-made shower pan floor, (iv) the drain top, grate or cover is optionally removable and/or interchangeable with other drain tops, grates and covers, (v) the drain top, grate or cover permits water to drain into the drain apparatus along the outside perimeter of the drain top, grate or cover and/or the drain apparatus, (vi) the drain top, grate or cover also permits water or other liquid to drain in a gap created when the drain cover is placed in registry with the drain body, such that the peripheral edge of the drain cover is spaced from the drain recess peripheral sidewall so as to define a gap therebetween through which water or other liquid may pass while flowing toward the drain aperture, and (vii) the drain top, grate or cover also permits water to drain into a gap between one or more of the perimeter tiled or tileable edges of the drain top, grate or cover and one or more of the adjacent tiled or tileable perimeter edges of the drain recess portion of the mortar bed or other hand made shower pan floor, (viii) the drain is sufficiently recessed into or below an upper surface of the mortar bed or other hand made shower pan floor so that an upper surface of the tiled or tileable drain top, grate, or cover when attached in registry with the drain is substantially coplanar with the adjacent upper surface of the tiled or tileable mortar bed or other hand made shower pan, and the lower surface of the attached drain top, grate or cover and the upper surface of the drain body floor are spaced so that a sufficient gap is created so as to allow for water to drain therethrough into the drain aperture, (ix) the drain top, grate or cover substantially covers the entirety of the drain aperture and the all or a portion of the drain apparatus from view while permitting water to flow into and through the drain apparatus and aperture, and (x) optionally, a removable strainer can be placed between the drain top, grate or cover and the drain aperture. The cover can be made of any appropriate material including but not limited to plastic such as PVC or ABS, polyurethane, polyethylene, metal such as copper, cast iron, aluminum, steel, or building materials such as stone, concrete, marble, cultured marble, mortar, stucco or any other material. 
     In yet another embodiment, a drain body is integrally formed with a tiled or tileable surface or fixture that has a drain, in such a manner that the drain body defines a drain aperture which is adapted to be placed in registry with a tiled or tileable surface or fixture that has a drain in such a manner as to be sufficiently recessed to accommodate a drain top, grate, or cover. A drain top, grate or cover, which can be covered with stone, tile, concrete, stucco or other floor or wall covering, is associated with the drain body in such a way that (i) it covers the drain so that an upper surface of the drain cover is substantially coplanar with an upper surface of the tiled or tileable surface or fixture, (ii) both the tiled or tileable surface or fixture and the drain top, grate or cover can be covered with tile, stone, or other floor or wall covering, so that it will blend into the flooring material used on the surrounding tiled or tileable surface or fixture, (iii) the drain top, grate or cover is attachable to the drain or the tiled or tileable surface or fixture, (iv) the drain top, grate or cover is optionally removable and/or interchangeable with other drain tops, grates and covers, (v) the drain top, grate or cover permits water to drain into the drain apparatus along the outside perimeter of the drain top, grate or cover and/or the drain apparatus, (vi) the drain top, grate or cover also permits water or other liquid to drain in a gap created when the drain cover is placed in registry with the drain body, such that the peripheral edge of the drain cover is spaced from the drain recess peripheral sidewall so as to define a gap therebetween through which water or other liquid may pass while flowing toward the drain aperture, and (vii) the drain top, grate or cover permits water to drain into a gap between one or more of the perimeter tiled or tileable edges of the drain top, grate or cover and one or more of the tiled or tileable perimeter edges of the drain recess portion of the tiled or tileable surface or fixture, (viii) the drain is sufficiently recessed into or below an upper surface of the tiled or tileable surface or fixture so that an upper surface of the tiled or tileable drain top, grate, or cover when attached in substantial registry with the drain is substantially coplanar with the adjacent upper surface of the tiled or tileable surface or fixture, and the lower surface of the attached drain top, grate or cover and the upper surface of the drain body floor are spaced so that a sufficient gap is created so as to allow for water to drain therethrough into the drain aperture, (ix) the drain top, grate or cover covers substantially the entirety of the drain aperture and the drain apparatus from view while permitting water to flow into and through the drain apparatus and aperture, and (x) optionally, a removable strainer can be placed between the drain top, grate or cover and the drain aperture. The cover can be made of any appropriate material including but not limited to plastic such as PVC or ABS, polyurethane, polyethylene, metal such as copper, cast iron, aluminum, steel, or building materials such as stone, concrete, marble, cultured marble, mortar, stucco or any other material. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a front/top right perspective view of an assembled shower or bath drain apparatus in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a front/top right perspective exploded view of the shower or bath drain apparatus in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a front/top right perspective view of a drain body in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of this invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a right side elevational view of the drain body in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of this invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a bottom elevational view of a drain cover in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of this invention. 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view of an optional drain insert adaptable for use with this invention. 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective view of the optional drain insert connected to the drain body. 
         FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional side elevational view of the assembled shower or bath drain apparatus in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention taken along line A-A of  FIG. 20 . 
         FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional side elevational view of the assembled shower or bath drain apparatus in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention taken along line A-A of  FIG. 20 . 
         FIG. 10  is a perspective exploded view of the shower or bath drain body shown in  FIG. 7  with an example of an alternative drain strainer exploded therefrom. 
         FIG. 11  is a perspective exploded view of the shower or bath drain body shown in  FIG. 10  with an example of an alternative drain strainer attached thereto. 
         FIG. 12  is a cross-sectional side elevational view of the assembled shower or bath drain apparatus shown in  FIG. 8  with a modified floor and drain insert assembly taken along line A-A of  FIG. 20 . 
         FIG. 13  is a cross-sectional side elevational view of the assembled shower or bath drain apparatus shown in  FIG. 9  with a modified floor and drain insert assembly taken along line A-A of  FIG. 20 . 
         FIG. 14  is a cross-sectional side elevational view similar to that shown in  FIG. 8  but where strainer  40  and strainer cover  42  are replaced by strainer  110 . 
         FIG. 15  is a cross-sectional elevational view similar to that shown in  FIG. 8 , showing the use of spacers  190  to adjust the level of cover C relative to pan floor surface P. 
         FIG. 16  is an exploded view of an alternative embodiment of the drain apparatus in this invention. 
         FIG. 17  is a bottom elevational view of a drain cover in accordance with the embodiment of this invention shown in  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 18  is a perspective view of a prefabricated shower pan and integrated drain body prior to being covered with flooring material in accordance with this invention. 
         FIG. 19  is the prefabricated shower pan of  FIG. 18  after having been covered with flooring material. 
         FIG. 20  is a top plan view of the pan and drain arrangement of  FIG. 18 . 
         FIG. 21  is a cross-sectional side elevational view of the assembled shower or bath drain apparatus in accordance with a modified embodiment of the present invention taken along line A-A of  FIG. 20 . 
         FIG. 22  is an exploded perspective view of the shower or bath drain apparatus in accordance with the modified embodiment of the invention shown in  FIG. 21  showing the orientation thereof relative to a partially prefabricated shower pan floor. 
         FIG. 23  is a cross-sectional side elevational view of the assembled shower or bath drain apparatus in accordance with the modified embodiment of the invention shown in  FIG. 21  installed with a partially prefabricated shower pan floor, waterproof membrane/liner and floor covering. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT(S) 
     Before describing in detail exemplary embodiments that are in accordance with the present invention, it should be observed that the embodiments reside primarily in combinations of structural components and installation and use steps related to implementing apparatus and methods for a drain comprising a drain body which defines a drain aperture which is adapted to be placed in registry with a floor or other drain conduit in such a manner as to be sufficiently recessed within or below (i) a prefabricated shower pan floor, (ii) the floor of a partially prefabricated shower pan, (iii) a mortar bed or other hand made shower pan floor, (iv) a tiled or tileable surface or fixture, to accommodate a drain top, grate, or cover. A drain top, grate, or cover, which can be covered with stone, tile or other floor or wall coverings is associated with the drain body in such a way that (i) it covers all or a portion of the drain body so that the drain top, grate or cover is substantially coplanar with the untiled floor surface of (a) a prefabricated shower pan floor, (b) a partially prefabricated shower pan, (c) a mortar bed or other hand made shower pan floor, (d) a tiled or tileable surface or fixture; (ii) both the drain top, grate or cover and the surface surrounding or adjacent to the drain top, grate or cover can be covered with tile, stone, or other floor or wall covering, so that they will blend into the flooring material used on the area surrounding or adjacent to the drain top, grate or cover; (iii) the drain top, grate or cover is attachable to the drain or the area surrounding the drain top, grate or cover; (iv) the drain top, grate or cover may be removable and/or interchangeable with other drain tops, grates and covers; (v) the drain top, grate or cover permits water to drain into and though the drain apparatus along the grate free outside perimeter edge(s) of the drain top, grate or cover and/or the drain apparatus; (vi) the drain top, grate or cover is sized and shaped to create a grate free gap between the outside perimeter edges of the drain top, grate or cover and/or the drain apparatus and one or more of the tiled or untiled perimeter edges or surfaces of the area surrounding the drain top, grate or cover to permit water to drain into and though the drain apparatus; (vii) the drain top, grate or cover also permits water or other liquid to drain in a gap created when the drain cover is placed in registry with the drain body, such that the peripheral edge(s) of the drain cover is spaced from the drain recess peripheral sidewall so as to define a gap therebetween through which water or other liquid may pass while flowing toward the drain aperture; (viii) the drain is sufficiently recessed into or below an upper surface of (A) a prefabricated shower pan, or (B) a partially prefabricated shower pan, or (C) a mortar bed or other hand-made shower pan floor, or (D) a tiled or tileable surface or fixture, so that an upper surface of the tiled or tileable drain top, grate, or cover when attached in substantial registry with the drain is substantially coplanar with the adjacent tileable or tiled upper surfaces of (A) a prefabricated shower pan, or (B) a partially prefabricated shower pan, or (C) a mortar bed or other hand made shower pan floor, or (D) a tiled or tileable surface or fixture, and the lower surface of the attached drain top, grate or cover and the upper surface of the drain body floor are spaced so that a gap is created which is sufficient to allow for water to drain therethrough into the drain aperture, (ix) the drain top, grate or cover substantially covers the entirety of the drain aperture and the drain apparatus from view while permitting water to drain into and through the drain apparatus and drain aperture, and (x) a removable strainer can be part of the drain top, grate or cover, or placed between the drain top, grate or cover and the drain body and/or the drain aperture. 
     Accordingly, the apparatus components have been represented where appropriate by conventional symbols in the drawings, showing only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present invention so as not to obscure the disclosure with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the description herein. 
     In this document, relational terms, such as “first” and “second,” “top” and “bottom,” and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or element from another entity or element without necessarily requiring or implying any physical or logical relationship or order between such entities or elements. 
     The terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “comprise” or any other variation thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements, but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. 
     The term “plurality of” as used in connection with any object or action means two or more of such object or action. 
     A claim element proceeded by the article “a” or “an” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element. 
     Terms such as “wall or flooring material,” “floor and wall coverings” and “covering material” mean, encompass and comprise one or more of ceramic, natural stone or other tile, stone, granite, marble, cultured marble, or other stone surface, non slip finished shower surfaces such as vinyl or plastic, stucco, concrete and mortar surfaces which may be mixed with adhesives or other substances, and any other material or materials used to provide a finished surface. 
     The term “tiled” means, encompasses, and comprises any surface having floor or wall covering materials, such as one or more of ceramic, natural stone or other tile, stone, granite, marble, cultured marble. or other stone surface, non slip finished shower surfaces such as vinyl or plastic, stucco, concrete and mortar surfaces which may be mixed with adhesives or other substances, and any other material or materials used to provide a finished surface. 
     The term “non tileable” means, encompasses, and comprises one or more surfaces or structural components which are not capable of receiving wall or floor material or were not designed, marketed or sold with the intention of being tileable or tiled, and in fact are not tiled. 
     The term “tileable” means, encompasses, and comprises one or more surfaces or structural components which are capable of receiving wall or flooring material, whether through the use of adhesives or any other means of attachment, such as clips, straps or other mechanical fastening structure(s). 
     The term “prefabricated shower pan” means, encompasses, and comprises any manufactured or fabricated tileable or tiled shower pan to which floor or wall coverings are to be adhered and that has one or more drains integrally associated into it at the time of manufacture or fabrication, and may also have integrated therein at the time of manufacture or fabrication a partial or complete floor (which may be pitched), a splash wall, a curb, and/or a barrier free entrance. 
     The term “partially prefabricated shower pan” means, encompasses, and comprises any manufactured or fabricated tileable or tiled shower pan to which floor or wall coverings are to be adhered, that does not have a drain integrally associated into it at the time of manufacture or fabrication, including (A) a manufactured or fabricated one piece shower pan with component elements such as a floor, a splash wall, a curb and/or a barrier free entrance integrated at the time of manufacture, or (B) a manufactured or prefabricated multi piece shower pan kit or set which when assembled and installed in the field comprises a one piece or multi-piece shower floor and which may include one or more component elements such as a splash wall, pitched floor, a curb, a barrier free entrance, or portions thereof, and, in either case A or B above, the drain is installed in the floor of the shower pan at any time after manufacture and prefabrication, usually in the field and/or at or around the time of assembly and installation of the shower pan. 
     Terms such as “mortar bed or other hand-made shower pan floor” and “mortar bed and shower pan” mean, encompass and comprise a shower floor, bath floor, a shower pan, a shower base, floor or other surface that is partially of fully formed by a bed of mortar or like material installed in the field or elsewhere on any substrate, including but not limited to concrete, wood, or steel, into which, in conjunction with, or below which, a drain is installed, and the mortar bed may be waterproofed using a vinyl liner, a membrane liner, hot mopping, or otherwise waterproofed, and floor or wall coverings are or may be adhered to the surface of the mortar bed. 
     Terms such as “tiled and/or tileable surface or fixture” and “surface or fixture” mean, encompass, and comprise any fully or partially tiled and/or tileable bathtub, bathroom floor, shower floor, sink, fountain, fixture, floor, or other surface that has a drain. 
     The term “non tileable and/or untiled surface” means, encompasses or comprises a surface such as a floor, wall, shower floor, bath floor, sink, shower pan, or any other surface which has a drain integrated or associated with it, and such surface is not tileable, nor is it designed to be tiled or tileable, and/or such surface is in fact not tiled. 
     The term “drain” means, encompasses and comprises any kind of drain made of any kind of material, including but not limited to metal or plastics, and with any kind of connection to a drain system such as a waste water system, including but not limited to a trench drain, a solvent weld drain, a welded connection drain, a hub (outside caulk) drain, a spigot drain, a hubless spigot drain, a hubless drain, an inside caulk (gasket) drain, a hubbed (push on) drain, a compression drain, and a clamping ring drain. 
     Terms such as “drain top, grate or cover” and “drain cover” mean, encompass and comprise anything that covers all or a portion of a drain, whether it is manufactured as part of the drain or is separately made and placed over or on top of all or a part of the drain, and whether it is one piece or multiple pieces which in combination cover all or a portion of the drain, and such drain top, grate or cover may be made out of one or materials, including but not limited to metals, such as cast iron, copper, steel, aluminum, plastics such as PVC or ABS, polyurethane, polyethylene, building products such as stone, tile, concrete, marble, cultured marble, mortar, stucco or the like, or any other material suitable as a drain top or cover. 
     A “drain body” means, encompasses and comprises preformed drain bodies and other areas into which liquids may otherwise drain, such as depressions in a shower, bath, basin or bathroom floor, whether preformed or formed during the assembly of the shower, bath, basin or floor. 
     The term “grate free” means any area over, near or in registry with a drain into which water or other liquid may drain which is substantially free of obstruction. 
     The inventions disclosed herein may be employed in sinks, basins, showers, baths, shower pans, fixtures, and any other surface or fixture that has a drain. 
     The present invention is directed to shower pans, drains and drain tops, grates or covers which are used independently or in combination with (i) a prefabricated shower pan, (ii) a partially prefabricated shower pan, (iii) a mortar bed or a hand made shower pan floor, and/or (iv) a tiled or tileable surface or fixture, and which drain tops, grates or covers at least partially cover the drain apparatus, where the drain cover is tileable, attachable, (optionally) removable and interchangeable with other tileable or non tileable drain tops, grates or covers which permit water to drain through a gap between the tiled or tileable drain top, grate or cover and the tiled or tileable area surrounding and/or adjacent to the drain top, grate or cover, while substantially concealing the drain apparatus and the drain aperture, and method of installation and use. 
     As best shown in  FIGS. 1-5 , a preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a drain body  10  adapted to be connected to a (i) a prefabricated shower pan, (ii) a partially prefabricated shower pan, (iii) a mortar bed or other hand made shower pan floor, (iv) a tiled or tileable surface or fixture, or other shower, shower pan, bath or sink floor, fixture, or floor of any type, for example a conventional prefabricated waterproof shower or bath pan of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,913,777. The drain body  10  may be connected to (i) a prefabricated shower pan, (ii) a partially prefabricated shower pan, (iii) a mortar bed or other hand made shower pan floor, (iv) a tileable or tiled surface or fixture, by any suitable means, including but not limited to, being integrally molded therewith during manufacture thereof, by connection post-manufacture, or in situ in field. The shape of drain body  10  is shown as rectangular in the drawings. However, it is to be appreciated that drain body  10  may be made in any desired shape without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. In addition, any number of drain structures of this invention may be employed in any given application. 
     The drain body  10 , in its simplest and preferred form as shown in  FIGS. 1-5 , is comprised of a waterproof structure having a floor section  12  which defines a drain aperture  13 , and a peripheral sidewall section  14 . Structure for releasably and interchangeably attaching a drain top, grate or cover  50  to drain body  10  is employed, such as posts  32 ,  34 ,  36  and  38  which are adapted to mate with corresponding sockets  52 ,  54 ,  56  and  58  on a drain cover  50 . Alternatively, cover  50  may releasably and interchangeably attach to drain body  10  by any other connection structure, such as by more or fewer posts and sockets, different connection structure, or by being attached to and made part of the threaded drain insert  40  (shown in  FIGS. 5-6 ), which includes a threaded collar  46  which is adapted to threadingly engage threaded surface  16  of drain collar  15 , or by any other manner which will occur to those of skill in the art. Alternatively, cover  50  may attach to the shower or bath pan floor. Corresponding connection structure may be employed in association with the shower or bath pan floor, such as connection posts or sockets similar to those described elsewhere in this disclosure, or any other structure for connecting cover  50  to the floor which will occur to those of skill in the art. 
     Drain body  10  may, preferably but not by way of limitation, include a depending collar section  15 , the inside surface  16  of which is threaded. Drain body  10  may also preferably but not by way of limitation include a further depending collar section  18  which is adapted to engage the interior of a drain pipe (not shown) of a building&#39;s plumbing lines. Drain body  10  may have one or more of the many types of connections, for example (i) from the drain body to the waste water system; and (ii) from the drain body to the drain top, grate or cover, including without limitation a threaded connection, a hub connection, a no hub connection, a solvent weld connection, a compression drain connection, a trench drain, a welded drain connection, an outside caulk drain connection, an inside caulk drain connection, a spigot drain connection, a hubless spigot drain, a hubless drain, inside caulk(gasket) drain, hubbed (push on) drain, a compression drain, a clamping ring drain, etc. 
     Cover  50  is defined by peripheral edge  60 , which, again, may be manufactured in any desired shape, and is adapted to cover a portion of drain body floor  12  so as to permit a tileable surface above the drain and the drain aperture while simultaneously concealing the drain aperture  13 , the drain, and as much of floor  12  as is practicable and still have the required grate free area for adequate drainage. When cover  50  is connected to drain body  10 , peripheral edge  60  of cover  50  is spaced from sidewall  14  so as to define a gap or grate free area G there between through which water may pass while flowing through the drain and toward drain aperture  13 . In this way, water is permitted to exit the shower, bath, sink or other such area without the drain aperture or drain  13  being visible. Likewise, the peripheral edge  60  also forms a gap with drain body floor  12 . 
     The drain apparatus of this invention is preferably utilized as part of (i) a prefabricated shower pan, (ii) a partially prefabricated shower pan, (iii) a mortar bed or other hand made shower pan floor, and/or (iv) a tiled or tileable surface or fixture, whereby flooring or wall material such as tile may be attached up to (i.e. adjacent) or upon peripheral wall  14  by epoxy, concrete, or any suitable wall or flooring adhesive, and additional flooring or wall coverings, if any, placed upon drain cover  50  with an appropriate wall or flooring adhesive. In this way, the drain top, grate or cover has a finished tiled look which matches the area surrounding or adjacent to the drain top, grate or cover, with the drain and drain aperture fully operational yet unnoticeable. 
     A strainer made of any appropriate material, an example of which is shown in  FIG. 10 , may be placed on drain floor  12  so as to cover drain aperture  13 , which strainer is intended to catch any debris which would flow through the grate free area (i.e. gap G) and which would otherwise flow into the drain aperture  13  but for the strainer. The strainer may be held in place by nesting apertures  112 ,  114 ,  116  and  118  with lugs or posts  32 ,  34 ,  36 , and  38 , or by any other appropriate structure occurring to one with skill in the art, and will be accessible by removing the drain top, grate or cover  50  for purposes of cleaning or replacing. Alternatively, any of the standard types of strainers, such as that shown in shown in  FIGS. 6-7 , may be employed. 
     To that end, a drain insert  40  may be employed in connection with drain body  10  as shown in  FIGS. 6-9 . Insert  40  may include a threaded collar  46  which is adapted to threadingly engage threaded surface  16  of drain collar  15 . Insert  40  may also include one or more interchangeable drain tops, grates or covers, such as drain grate  42 , which defines one or more drainage apertures or grate free areas  44 . The drain grate with grate free areas may be provided with any type of finish and/or any number of custom designs. The drain assemblies of this invention may also be provided with interchangeable drain grates with any imaginable configuration(s) for the grate free area. 
     Alternatively, as shown in  FIGS. 11-12 , a strainer  110  may be employed which, rather than being connected to a separate insert such as drain insert  40 , may be placed in registry with drain aperture  13 . As discussed above, strainer  110  may have disposed therein apertures  112 ,  114 ,  116  and  118  adapted to fit over posts  32 ,  34 ,  36  and  38 . Alternatively, a strainer such as strainer  110  may simply be placed upon floor  12  or connected or otherwise positioned in registry therewith by any means known to the artisan, such as by attachment to strainer body  40 . 
     Drain body  10  need not necessarily employ a sidewall section  14 . Rather, as the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 9  shows, the shower or floor pan or other structure which functions as the shower, bath, sink or other floor substrate may provide the sidewall structure needed to constrain water flowing toward the floor drain. In this case, drain body  10  need only be comprised of a floor section  12 . Once combined with the shower or bath pan or other structure which functions as the shower, bath, sink or other floor substrate, drain body  10  will be situated within the pan in such a way that a drain plenum is formed by the drain body floor section  12  and the sidewalls  92  which form the drain recess into which the drain body  10  has been positioned. 
     In such an embodiment, in all other respects the drain apparatus is the same as described elsewhere herein. That is, a drain top, grate, or cover  50  may be removably connected to drain body  10  in any suitable manner, such as by the use of one or more posts  32 ,  34 ,  36  and  38  which coact with corresponding recesses  52 ,  54 ,  56  and  58  in cover  50 . As can be seen in  FIG. 8 , drain body floor  12  and sidewalls  14  form a plenum into which water drains from the shower, bath, sink or other floor, which in turn drains into drain aperture  13 . Likewise, as seen in  FIG. 9 , drain body floor  12  and sidewalls  92  form a similar plenum. Likewise, drain body  10 , whether with or without sidewalls  14 , will form a similar drain plenum when combined with floor or other substrates formed by (i) a prefabricated shower pan, and/or (ii) a partially prefabricated shower pan, and/or (iii) a mortar bed or other hand made shower pan floor, and/or (iv) a tiled or tileable surface or fixture, whether such substrate is constructed on site in whole or in part. 
     As stated above, the shower, sink, bath, floor or other surface or structure which functions as the shower, bath, sink, floor or other substrate, may be of any type, such as (i) a prefabricated shower pan, (ii) a partially prefabricated shower pan, (iii) a mortar bed or other hand made shower pan floor, and/or (iv) a tiled or tileable surface or fixture. 
     It is to be understood that the posts and sockets may be reversed in whole or in part, such that any of the posts may be connected to cover  50 , and any of the sockets may be connected to drain body  10 . The post and socket arrangement disclosed herein is but an example of the many ways in which drain top, grate, or  50  may be associated with the drain or drain body  12 , it being appreciated that any suitable attachment arrangement is contemplated to be within the scope of this invention. 
     The invention is also directed to a method of installing a tileable drain assembly over a drain or over another area that drains into a drain or a drain aperture which has a grate free area adjacent to one or more perimeter edges of a drain top, grate, or cover  50  in accordance with this invention, which includes the steps of: (1) connecting a drain body  10  of this invention to a prefabricated shower pan, a partially prefabricated shower pan, a mortar bed or other hand made shower pan floor, and/or a tiled or tileable surface or fixture, the drain body  10  defining at least one drain aperture  13  and optionally including a peripheral sidewall  14  and, (2) installing the floor pan in a shower or bath enclosure space (not shown) so that the drain aperture  13  is substantially in registry with an existing floor drain; (3) providing a drain top, grate or cover  50  which is sized and shaped, when connected to the drain body  10 , to provide a grate free area or gap G between a peripheral edge  60  of the drain top, grate or cover and the drain body sidewall  14  (and/or the adjacent prefabricated shower pan, partially prefabricated shower pan, mortar bed or other hand made shower pan floor, and/or a tiled or tileable surface or fixture) to permit drainage of water through said gap G. 
     Another method of installing a tileable drain assembly over a drain or over another area that drains into a drain or a drain aperture which has a grate free area adjacent to one or more of the perimeter edges of a drain top, grate, or cover  50  in accordance with this invention includes the steps of: (a) connecting a drain body  10  of this invention to a floor drain, the drain body including a peripheral sidewall  14 ; (2) installing flooring material onto the adjacent shower, bath, sink or other floor in the vicinity adjacent the peripheral sidewall of the drain body; (3) providing a removable drain cover which is sized and shaped, when connected to the drain body, to provide a gap G between the drain body sidewall and the peripheral edge of the drain cover to permit drainage of water through said gap; and (4) installing flooring material on the drain cover. 
     Yet another method of installing a tileable drain assembly over a drain or over another area that drains into a drain or a drain aperture which has a grate free area adjacent to one or more of the perimeter edges of a drain top, grate, or cover  50  in accordance with this invention includes the steps of: (1) connecting a drain body of this invention substantially in registry with an existing floor drain; (2) providing a removable drain cover which is sized and shaped, when connected to the drain body, to provide a gap G between the drain body sidewall and a peripheral edge of the drain cover to permit drainage of water through said gap G. 
     A still further method of installing a tileable drain assembly over a drain body or over another area that drains into a drain or a drain aperture which has a grate free area adjacent to one or more of the perimeter edges of a drain top, grate, or cover  50  in accordance with this invention includes the steps of: (1) installing one or more of (a) a prefabricated shower pan, (b) a partially prefabricated shower pan, (c) a mortar bed or other hand made shower pan floor, (d) a tiled or tileable surface or fixture, in a shower or bath enclosure space (not shown), each of the prefabricated shower pan, partially prefabricated shower pan, mortar bed or other hand made shower pan floor, or tiled or tileable surface or fixture including a floor, so that the existing floor drain is substantially in registry with a location on the floor where a hidden shower or bath drain in accordance with the teachings of this invention is to be employed; (2) connecting a drain body  10  of this invention to the prefabricated shower pan, partially prefabricated shower pan, mortar bed or other hand made shower pan floor, or tiled or tileable surface or fixture by creating an aperture in said prefabricated shower pan, partially prefabricated shower pan, mortar bed or other hand made shower pan floor or tiled or tileable surface or fixture into which is adapted to be attached the drain body  10 , the drain body  10 , optionally including a peripheral sidewall  14 , and defining at least one drain aperture  13 ; (3) providing a drain cover  50  which is sized and shaped, when connected to the drain body  10 , to provide a gap G between the drain floor  12  and/or drain body sidewall  14  and a peripheral edge  60  of the drain cover to permit drainage of water through said gap G. 
     In use, when the drain apparatus of the instant invention is connected to (i) a prefabricated shower pan, (ii) a partially prefabricated shower pan, (iii) a mortar bed or other hand made shower pan floor, and/or (iv) a tiled or tileable surface or fixture, cover  50  may be removed to permit access to aperture  13  and/or to permit installation of insert strainer  40  or any other strainer such as strainer  110  shown in  FIGS. 10-11  for cleaning and/or maintenance. Also, the building plumbing may be rooted out without requiring removal of drain body  10  so long as cover  50  is removed. When cover  50  is installed upon drain body  10 , it is intended to be virtually impossible to detect that a drain is even present. 
     A representative, non-exhaustive, depiction of a type of flooring material which may be used with the invention is shown in  FIGS. 2 ,  8 - 9  and  11 - 12  in the form of one or more pieces of flooring tile  80 . As stated above, floor or wall covering material suitable for use with this invention may be one or more of ceramic, natural stone or other tile, stone, granite, marble, cultured marble, or other stone surface, non slip finished shower surfaces such as vinyl or plastic, stucco, concrete, and mortar surfaces which may be mixed with adhesives or other substances and any other material or material used to provide a finished surface. As seen in  FIGS. 8-9 , once flooring material  80  is installed in the shower or bath pan  90  up to the area adjacent to the outer peripheral edge  14  of drain body  10  or pan interior sidewalls  92 , and installed on top of cover  50 , the upper surface C of which is designed to be coplanar with the upper surface P of the adjacent area of the shower or bath pan (or mortar bed floor)  90 , a contiguous finished shower or bath surface is formed, and the drain is essentially undetectable. 
     In addition, the drain body may be employed without the use of a cover such as cover  50  in which case no flooring material will be used to conceal the actual drain aperture or strainer insert  40 , or may employ a differently configured cover which acts as an unconcealed drain top, grate or cover. (i.e. that is not covered with flooring material). The drain body may be installed in or below the upper surface of (i) a prefabricated shower pan, (ii) a partially prefabricated shower pan, (iii) a mortar bed or other hand made shower pan floor, (iv) a tiled or tileable surface or fixture. In this way, a provider of products of this type may significantly reduce attendant manufacturing costs by reducing the number of molds employed in the manufacture of a variety of pan sizes. In addition, management of inventory is simplified since a single drain body  10  may be used for all prefabricated or manufacture products having a drain, and while using interchangeable tileable, non tileable, and designer drain tops, grates or covers to establish separate product lines which can be marketed and sold based on the finish of the drain top, grate or cover. Alternatively, the different drain tops, grates or covers can be supplied as part of a kit, or as accessories which can be ordered or otherwise purchased separately, allowing for a wide variety of combinations of tiled, tileable or non tileable drain tops, grates or covers, with concealed or unconcealed drains, with designer tops, including but not limited to, (i) a tileable drain top, grate or cover with a concealed drain, (ii) a non tileable drain top, grate, or cover with a standard grate free area design, and an unconcealed drain, (iii) a non tileable drain top, grate or cover with a designer drain top, grate or cover and an unconcealed drain, or (iv) an unconcealed drain and an untiled designer drain top, grate or cover, simply by substituting one drain top grate or cover for another, i.e., removing the tileable cover  50  and connecting any number of different tileable or non tileable drain tops, grates or covers over drain aperture  13 . 
       FIGS. 10-11  and  14  show a strainer insert  110  adapted to be placed onto floor  12 . Strainer  110  defines apertures  112 ,  114 ,  116  and  118  which are adapted to receive posts  32 ,  43 ,  36  and  38 . Alternatively, strainer  110  may be of any size or shape, so long as it effectively covers drain aperture  13 . 
       FIGS. 12-13  show a modified drain insert assembly, whereby floor  12  of drain body  10  is recessed around drain aperture  13 , creating an annular recess or shoulder  19  into which strainer  42  of drain insert  40  may be nested, so as to create a smooth transition for water flowing from floor  12  into drain aperture  13 . Alternatively, a stand alone strainer such as that shown in  FIGS. 10-11 , preferably, but not by way of limitation, round shaped, may be dropped into the annular recess defined by shoulder  19  and attached thereto by any suitable means. 
     The exposed edges of cover  50  and/or flooring material  80  around gap G may be covered, beveled, ground or otherwise rendered smooth so that it will not expose a user to any sharp edge which may injure the user. Adhesively or clip-on attachable L-shaped cover members  100  may be provided, by way of additional example, so as to cover the edges of cover  50  and/or flooring material  80 . Alternatively, a flowable, hardenable material such as liquid epoxy, or other resinuous or plasticized material may be poured or otherwise coated over the exposed edges. 
     Cover  50  may be, as stated above, removable, and additional and/or replacement covers may be provided or sold separately to permit variation in the appearance of the drain and/or shower, bath, tub or basin. For example, a user may wish to use a first covering material such as floor or sink/tub/basin tile on a first cover member  50 , and a second, different, covering material on a second cover member  50 . Additional replacement cover members  50  may be provided with still further covering materials associated with them. For example, a user may wish to employ a decorative covering material on one cover member  50 , and his or her favorite sports team or celebrity on another, or a builder or hotelier may wish to have a unique feature or logo tiled onto the drain top, grate or cover, and so forth. 
     However, it is also to be understood that cover  50  may be connectable to drain body  10  in a manner that will preclude the removal thereof once connected. Also, drain body  10  and cover  50  may be manufactured as an integral unit. 
     It is to be understood that the drain assembly disclosed herein may be employed without the prefabricated shower pan or partially prefabricated shower pan referenced above. Drain body  10  may be installed in a mortar bed or other hand made shower pan by creating a mud or mortar base for a shower, tub, etc., placing drain body collar section  18  in registry with a floor or basin/sink drain while sinking drain body  10  into said mud or mortar base, and tiling over or up to the outer periphery of the drain body  10 . One or more covers  50  may then be interchangeably employed in the manner discussed above. 
     It is also to be understood that the cover members  50  of this invention may be of any shape or size. Drain body  10  may or may not be correspondingly shaped as well. 
     Drain assemblies in accordance with this invention may be located at essentially any position within a (i) a prefabricated shower pan, (ii) a partially prefabricated shower pan, (iii) mortar bed or other hand-made shower pan, and/or (iv) a tiled or tileable surface or fixture. If the drain assembly is located near one or more sidewalls (if any) of such pan or bed, one or more of the gaps G surrounding the outer peripheral edges  60  of cover  50  may be bounded by the sidewall, such that the outer boundary of gap G along the edge of cover  50  facing the sidewall or sidewalls will be the sidewall or sidewalls. Or, the cover  50  and/or covering material  80  attached to cover  50  may be butted up against or in close proximity to said sidewall or sidewalls. 
     The drain cover may alternatively be attached to the drain apparatus through an attachment structure which allows the height of the upper surface of the drain cover to be positioned so that it is coplanar with an upper surface of the (A)prefabricated shower pan, (B) partially prefabricated shower pan, (C) a mortar bed or other hand made shower pan floor, or (D) a tiled or tileable surface or fixture, adjacent to the drain top, grate, or cover, such attachment structure including but not limited to: (i) attaching a drain insert such as insert  40  to the drain by threadingly attaching the drain, top, grate or cover to the drain insert, rotating the drain insert down to the appropriate height, and then attaching the drain top, grate or cover to the drain insert, by screws, clips, snap-on posts, or other suitable attachment mechanism or (ii) attaching the drain cover to posts on the drain body floor with variably sized spacers to allow the height of the non tileable drain cover to be coplanar with the tiled prefabricated shower pan adjacent to the non tileable drain top, grate, or cover, or (iii) any other method that allows the non tileable drain top, grate or cover to be adjustably attached to the drain cover apparatus at a height that is coplanar with the tiled prefabricated shower pan surface. 
       FIG. 15  shows spacers  190  being used between drain body floor  12  and the bottom of sockets  52 ,  54 ,  56  and  58 , which permit the adjustment of the height of upper surface C of cover  50  and upper surface P of pan floor  90 . In this way, the height of cover C relative to the adjacent pan floor can be adjusted to accommodate height variations in the drain body and pan assembly as well as variations, if any, in the thickness of floor covering material employed. It is to be understood that the configuration shown in  FIGS. 14 and 15  may be likewise employed in the configuration shown in FIGS.  9  and  12 - 13 . 
       FIGS. 16-17  show an alternative configuration for the drain body and cover assembly. In this embodiment, drain body  10  and cover  50  are circular in shape. The invention otherwise functions in accordance with the principles described herein. Obviously, drain body  10  and/or cover  50  may be sized and shaped in any manner. 
       FIGS. 18-20  show a representative example of a prefabricated shower or bath pan in accordance with this invention having the drain body  10  of the instant invention associated therewith. Pan  90  may be comprised of a floor  212 , sidewalls  214 , a curb  216  and one or more barrier-free thresholds  218 . Any other configuration of a prefabricated shower or bath pan known to those of skill in the art may be employed. Drain body  10  may employ sidewalls  14  as shown in  FIG. 8 , or be without sidewalls as shown in  FIG. 9 . Cover  50  is associated therewith, so as to form gap G through which water may drain. 
     In this embodiment, one or more drain bodies, such as any of the drain bodies illustrated in  FIGS. 1-17 , are connected to pan  90 , preferably during manufacture of pan  90 . Pan  90  is installed within, or forms the space for, a shower enclosure. Tailpiece  18  of drain body  10  (shown in  FIGS. 1-4  and  7 - 16 ) is placed in registry with the existing floor drain (not shown) during installation of pan  90 . Pan  90  is otherwise installed as known to those of skill in the art. Wall or flooring material  80  is then installed over pan  90  and cover  50  as shown in  FIG. 19 . 
     In addition, the drain apparatus disclosed herein may also be employed with a partially prefabricated shower pan where the drain is installed in the shower pan floor after manufacture, usually in the field and at the time of installation of the partially prefabricated shower pan. Such a partially prefabricated shower pan may be comprised of any of the components shown in the pan of  FIG. 18 , or additional or fewer components, depending upon the needs of the application. Further additionally, the drain apparatus disclosed herein may also be used in conjunction with a mortar bed or other hand made shower pans, or any surface or fixture in which a drain is to be installed. In either installation, i.e. pans assembled and installed in the field (for example, partially fabricated shower pans, mortar beds or other hand made shower pan floors, and surfaces or fixtures into which one or more drains are to be installed), the drain body must be connected to the floor drain while at the same time being recessed within the shower pan floor so that upon completion of the installation, the tileable or tiled drain top, grate or cover will be coplanar with the tileable or tiled shower pan floor or other surface or fixture immediately adjacent thereto. 
     One manner of implementing such an arrangement is by the use of a modified drain body  310  shown in  FIGS. 21-23 . Drain body  310  may have a floor section  312  which defines a drain aperture  313 , optional sidewalls  314 , posts  332 ,  334 ,  336  and  338  for receiving corresponding sockets in cover  50 , and a drain body tail piece  318 , similar to that described in previous embodiments. 
     A floor mounting flange  322  is associated with drain body  310  in a manner which will be apparent from the description below. A standard floor drain collar  320  is adapted to be positioned within a subfloor  315 , and has associated therewith one or more bolts  326  which are threadingly or otherwise connected to drain collar  320  in any manner which will occur to those of skill in the art. In the example shown, bushings  324  are retained by corresponding sockets in drain collar  320 , which in turn receive threaded bolts  326 . When drain body  310  is placed upon floor drain  320 , apertures in flange(s)  322  are aligned with bolts  326 , and retaining nuts  327  secured thereover to fasten drain body  312  to floor drain collar  320 . 
     As best seen in  FIGS. 21-23 , in the event a partially prefabricated pan is to be employed to create the shower pan, a pan floor  390  may be employed which is made up of two or more sections or pieces  392 A,  392 B, which define corresponding cutouts  395 A,  3958  which nest around the outer surfaces of drain body sidewalls  314 . Areas of reduced thickness such as shoulders  397 A,  397 B defined by the sidewalls of cutouts  395 A,  395 B are slid between the substrate such as subfloor and/or thinset  315  and drain body floor  312  upon installation of pan floor sections  395 A,  395 B into an enclosure space such as a shower or bath enclosure. Thereafter, additional covering material such as a waterproof liner or membrane  400 , and/or mortar or thinset or other setting materials and/or adhesives  410 , and floor or wall covering material such as tile  80  over pan floor  392 A,  392 B and cover  50 , may be installed to complete the installation. It is also understood that the partially prefabricated shower pan may have one piece shower pan floor, in which case a hole is cut into a shower pan floor for purposes of installing the drain and attaching it to the waste water system, and such partially prefabricated shower pan may also have additional component parts such as a curb, barrier free entrance, splash walls, and water proofing materials which are also assembled and installed in the field with the one piece shower pan floor. 
     A partially prefabricated pan such as the one disclosed herein may be installed by numerous methods, including the method which comprising the steps of: (1) connecting a drain body of this invention substantially in registry with an existing plumbing drain pipe; (2) providing a removable drain cover which is sized and shaped, when connected to the drain body, to create a gap between the drain body and a peripheral edge of the drain cover, to permit drainage of water through said gap. 
     This method may be embellished by the addition of the steps of: (3) providing a shower pan floor made of two or more sections, at least one of the sections defining a drain body-receiving cutout therein adapted to nest with the drain body; (4) placing the shower pan floor sections in registry with the subfloor such that the cutout(s) nests with the drain body; and (5) attaching floor or wall covering material on upper surfaces of the floor sections and an upper surface of the cover. 
     Any other manner and/or structure of connecting a drain cover to a wastewater drain pipe are contemplated to be within the scope of application of the apparatus and methods described herein. For example, the drain bodies shown and described herein are likewise suited for use with compression drain and clamping ring drain attachment arrangements. 
     Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to specific embodiments of the present invention. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any element(s) that may cause or result in such benefits, advantages, or solutions to become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature or element of any or all the claims. The invention is defined solely by the appended claims including any amendments made while this application is pending and all equivalents of those claims as issued.