Patent Publication Number: US-7220190-B2

Title: Golf club head

Description:
This Nonprovisional application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) on Patent Application No(s). 2003-381772 filed in Japan on Nov. 11, 2003, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a golf club head that is helpful for increasing a region of a high coefficient of restitution so as to increase carry for a golfer of average skill. 
     2. Description of the Background Art 
     Importance is placed on the function of increasing the carry of a hit ball of a golf club head, in particular, a wood type golf club head. Therefore, a variety of methods for increasing the coefficient of restitution of the head has been proposed by respective golf club manufacturers. According to one of such methods for increasing the coefficient of restitution of the head, a structure is known where a thin portion in annular form is provided on the back side of the face portion so that the face bends sufficiently at the time when a ball is hit as described in the Published patent application No. H09-192273, or No. H09-299519. In addition, it is known that a thin portion where the thickness has been reduced is provided in an arbitrary region of the face portion, as described in the Japanese Translation of PCT International Patent Publication No. WO99/36132, or Published patent application No. 2001-29523. 
     According to conventional methods, although attention is paid to increasing the value of the coefficient of restitution, an idea to extend the “region” with a high coefficient of restitution is not provided. On the other hand, it is unreasonable to expect a golfer of average skill to always hit a ball at the same point on the face surface. Accordingly, in order to effectively increase carry for a golfer of average skill, it becomes important to form a region of a high coefficient of restitution in a wider range of the face portion, in addition to increase in the numeral value of the coefficient of restitution. However, this hasn&#39;t been sufficiently attempted yet in conventional heads. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is therefore, an object of the invention is to provide a golf club head, which has a increased region having a high coefficient of restitution. 
     An aspect of the present invention is to provide a golf club head having a face portion that hits a ball complies: 
     a center thick portion that forms the center region having the greatest thickness, which includes the sweet spot having a substantially uniform thickness; 
     a portion of a varying thickness in annular form, which is formed around the above described center thick portion, and where the thickness gradually decreases toward the periphery of the face portion; and 
     a peripheral thin portion provided around the above described portion of a varying thickness, where the thickness is smaller than that of the above described center thick portion, 
     the above described peripheral thin portion of which the thickness is the smaller than that of the center thick portion, 
     the peripheral thin portion includes a first thin portion of which the thickness is substantially constant, and a second thin portion of which the thickness is greater than that of the first thin portion and substantially constant, and 
     in addition, the above described first thin portion is provided in at least one portion of a sole portion, a toe portion and a heel portion of the above described peripheral thin portion. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view showing the entirety of a head according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is an exploded perspective view showing the head; 
         FIG. 3  is a front view showing the head viewed from the face surface side; 
         FIG. 4(A)  is a fragmentary end view along A—A of  FIG. 3 ; 
         FIG. 4(B)  is a fragmentary end view along B—B of  FIG. 3 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a partially perspective view showing the face portion cut out from the head; 
         FIG. 6(A)  is a front view of the head illustrating the periphery of the face surface; 
         FIG. 6(B)  is a cross-sectional view thereof; 
         FIG. 7  is a front view of the head; 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the recoil effect at the instant when the face surface hits a ball; 
         FIG. 9  is a partially perspective view showing the face portion cut out from a head according to another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 10  is a partially perspective view showing the face portion cut out from a head according to still another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 11  is a schematic front view of the face surface illustrating a method for measuring the coefficient of restitution of the face portion; 
         FIG. 12  is a graph showing the results of the measurement indicating the sweet area of the comparative Example; 
         FIG. 13  is a graph showing the results of the measurement indicating the sweet area of Example 1; 
         FIG. 14  is a graph showing the results of the measurement indicating the sweet area of Example 2; 
         FIG. 15  is a graph showing the results of the measurement indicating the sweet area of Example 3; and 
         FIG. 16  is a perspective view of the face portion of comparative Example 1 viewed from the back side. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     In the following, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in reference to the drawings. 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a golf club head (hereinafter may simply be referred to as “head”)  1  according to the present embodiment;  FIG. 2  is an exploded perspective view before the assembly of the golf club head;  FIG. 3  is a front view showing the standard condition of the head viewed from the face surface side; and  FIGS. 4(A) and 4(B)  are cross-sectional views showing the respective portions along lines A—A and B—B of  FIG. 3 . Here, the standard condition of the head is the condition where head  1  is placed on a horizontal plane HP at a lie angle a and a loft angle b (real loft angle), which are prescribed for the head. 
     In the figures, the head  1  of the present embodiment is illustrated as a wood type head, in which a hollow is provided and which includes: a face portion  3  having a face surface  2 , which is a surface that hits a ball; a crown portion  4  which continues to the upper periphery  2   a  of the above described face surface  2  so as to form the upper surface of the head; a sole portion  5  which continues to the lower periphery  2   b  of the face surface  2  so as to form the bottom surface of the head; a side portion  6  which connects the crown portion  4  to the sole portion  5  and which extends from the edge  2   c  on the toe side of the face surface  2  through the back face to the edge  2   d  on the heel side of the face surface  2 ; and a hosel  7  placed in the vicinity of the portion where the face portion  3 , the crown portion  4  and the side portion  6  cross on the heel side, into which one end of a shaft, not shown, is inserted. Here, the hosel  7  is in a cylindrical form having a shaft insertion hole  7   a , where the lie angle a is set on the basis of the center line CL of the axis of the hosel. 
     The head  1  of the present embodiment is illustrated as having a two-piece structure that is formed by welding a face member M 1  in approximately bowl form to a head body member M 2  as shown in  FIG. 2 . The face member M 1  is formed of the face portion  2  and an edge portion e which continues to the periphery of the face portion and extends toward the rear of the head. The head body member M 2  is formed of a crown main portion  4   a , a sole main portion  5   a , a side main portion  6   a  and a hosel portion  7 , which are integrated with each other. 
     The face member M 1  can, for example, be forged, and the head body M 2  can be cast, respectively. Here, they are not limited to this example, but rather, they may be manufactured of other materials according to other methods. In addition, the hollow inside the head may be left as hollow, or in some cases, a forming resin, a weight member or the like may be placed in the hollow. In such a case, the filling material or the like may be placed in such a manner so as not to make contact with the back side of the face portion  3 , preventing damage in the coefficient of restitution of the face portion. 
     In addition, the head  1  can be formed of a variety of types of metal materials, such as, for example, an aluminum alloy, titanium, a titanium alloy, stainless steel, maraging steel. In the case where the head is formed of two or more parts, different materials can be used for the respective parts. In addition, though in some cases, a fiber enforced resin is used for a portion or the entirety of the head  1 , a titanium alloy is preferable. A titanium alloy of a great strength having a low elasticity, particularly Ti-15V-6Cr-4Al, Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Mo-2Fe (SP700), Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn and the like are preferable for the face member M 1 . sus 630, maraging steel, which are non-titanium materials, and the like, in addition to, for example, Ti-6Al-4v are preferable for the head body M 2 . 
     The face portion  3  of the head  1  according to the present invention is formed of: a center thick portion  11 ; a portion of a varying thickness  12  in annular form formed around this center thick portion  11  of which the thickness gradually decreases toward the periphery of the face portion  3 ; and a peripheral thin portion  13  provided around this portion of a varying thickness  12 , of which the thickness is smaller than that of the above described center thick portion  11 , as shown in  FIGS. 3 to 5  (drawing of the face portion  3  as seen from the back surface). 
     The center thick portion  11  is formed to have a substantially uniform thickness t 1 , which is the thickest portion in the face portion  3 , and forms the center region of the face portion  3  that includes the sweet spot SS. The sweet spot SS is a point where the normal line N that is drawn toward the face surface  2  from the center of gravity G of the head crosses this face surface  2  as shown in  FIG. 4(A) . 
     A preferred thickness t 1  of the center thick portion  11  can be appropriately set, taking the type of material that is utilized into account. Therefore, though this thickness is not particularly limited, it is preferable for it to be not less than 2.6 mm, it is more preferable for it to be not less than 2.7 mm, and it is still more preferable for it to be not less than 2.8 mm. The center thick portion  11  is expected to hit a ball frequently, and therefore, in the case where the above described thickness t 1  is less than 2.6 mm, there is a risk that the durability of the face portion  3  will be reduced, and the face portion may be deformed or damaged due to the repeated impacts with balls. 
     Contrarily, in the case where the thickness t 1  of the center thick portion  11  is too great, though the durability of the face portion  3  increases, the bend of the face portion  3  at the time when hitting a ball becomes too small, reducing the coefficient of restitution and the carry tends to be smaller. Considering the above point, it is preferable for the above described thickness t 1  to be not greater than 3.2 mm, it is more preferable for it to be not greater than 3.0 mm, and it is still more preferable for it to be not greater than 2.9 mm in the combination of any of the above described lower limit values. Here, the thickness t 1  of the face portion  3  is gained by measuring the portion of the face portion excluding the face line, which is a trench (not shown), in the case where such a face line is provided in the face surface  2 . 
     In addition, the center thick portion  11  is formed to have a substantially constant thickness. As a result of this, a thick portion can be formed so as to range widely in the center region that includes the sweet spot SS, thus helping to enhance the strength of the face portion  3 . Being the substantially constant thickness indicates that the thickness needs not be strictly constant, but rather, there may be a difference in the thickness due to the manufacturing process or other such factors. According to a representative standard, at least the condition where the difference in the thickness is approximately +/−0.2 mm can be considered to be a condition where the thickness is substantially constant. 
     In addition, the shape of the center region formed of the center thick portion  11  is not particularly limited, as long as the center region is a constant thick region that includes the sweet spot SS. According to a preferable mode, as show in  FIGS. 3 and 5 , a region in elliptic form is desirable, which is long sidewise and which is approximately similar to the peripheries  2   a  to  2   d  on the face surface  2 , with the sweet spot SS at the center. As a result of this, the center thick portion  11  can be effectively provided as a point that hits a ball to a golfer of average skill whose hit point tends to shift in the toe and heel directions of the face surface  2 . 
     In addition, though the area of the center region is not particularly limited, in the case where it is too small, the strength of the face portion  3  is easily reduced, while in the case where it is too large, the coefficient of restitution is easily reduced. Considering the above point, it is preferable for the area of the center region formed of the center thick portion  11  to be not less than 20% of the surface area (surface area gained by filling the face line, if any) of the face surface  2 , and it is more preferable for it to be not less than 35%. It is preferable for the upper limit to be, for example, not greater than 60%, and it is more preferable for it to be not greater than 50% in combination with any of the above described lower limit values. 
     The periphery  2   a  to  2   b  of the face surface  2  at the time when the area of the face surface  2  or the like is confirmed is defined as the edge in the case where the periphery forms a clear edge. However, in the case where there are no clear edges, first, as shown in  FIG. 6(A) , the face portion is cut by a number planes E 1 , E 2 , . . . that include the line connecting the center of gravity of the head G and the sweet spot SS, so that contour line Lf on the outer surface of the face is found, as shown in  FIG. 6(B) , on each of the cross-sections. Then, the curvature radius r of the contour line Lf on the outer surface of the face is measured starting from the center of the face surface toward the outside, and thereby, the position Pe where the curvature radius r becomes 200 mm for the first time is set as the above described periphery. 
     The above described portion of a varying thickness  12  is formed around the center thick portion  11  and continues to the peripheral thin portion  13  with the thickness decreasing smoothly and gradually toward the periphery of the face portion  3 . The portion of a varying thickness  12  as described above prevents a rigidity step from being created in the face portion  3 , thus preventing stress concentration at the time when hitting a ball and increasing the durability of the face portion  3 , on the basis of a step due to the difference in the thickness between the center thick portion  11  and the peripheral thin portion  13 . 
     In addition, the portion of a varying thickness  12  is helpful in making uniform the bend of the face portion  3 , even in the case where a ball is hit by a point outside of the sweet spot. A conventional head is not provided with such a portion of a varying thickness  12 . Therefore, in the case where a ball is hit by a point on the toe side or on the heel side of the sweet spot SS, the bend of the face portion becomes extremely small, reducing carry a great deal. In addition, the face portion  3  cannot be bent uniformly, and therefore, sounds at a variety of frequencies are emitted at the time when hitting a ball, and sound reverberation becomes a short sound of hitting a ball and the feeling of hitting a ball is not desirable. In contrast to this, the bend of the face portion is made uniform in the head  1  according to the present embodiment even in the case where a ball is mis-hit in the toe or heel direction, and thereby, a great loss in carry can be prevented, and the sound of reverberation can be lengthened, enhancing the sensation of hitting a ball. 
     The portion of a varying thickness  12  according to the present embodiment does not have a constant width, but rather, has the maximum width portions  12   t  and  12   h  where the width becomes a maximum on the toe side and on the heel side, as shown in  FIG. 3 . It is desirable for the width W 1  of these maximum width portions  12   t  and  12   h  to be not less than 5 mm and not greater than 15 mm. In addition, the portion of a varying thickness is formed to have a width W 2  of 3 mm to 10 mm on the crown side and on the sole side, according to the present embodiment. In addition, it is preferable for the ratio of a varying thickness to be 15% to 70% on the toe side and on the heel side, while it is preferable for the ratio of a varying thickness to be 22% to 70% on the crown side and on the sole side with regard to the portion of a varying thickness  12 . Here, the ratio of a varying thickness is the ratio of the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness of the portion of a varying thickness  12  to the width of the portion of a varying thickness  12 . As described above, the maximum width portions  12   t  and  12   h  having great widths are provided on the toe side and on the heel side, and thereby, a wide range of hit points by golfers ranging from beginner to expert can be dealt with by using the head according to the present embodiment. 
     The above described peripheral thin portion  13  continues to the portion of a varying thickness  12 , and forms a region that extends to the outer periphery of the face portion in the present example. This peripheral thin portion  13  includes a first thin portion  13   a  having a substantially constant thickness t 3  which is the minimum and a second thin portion  13   b  having a substantially constant thickness t 2  which is greater than that of the first thin portion  13   a . That is to say, the head  1  of the present invention adopts a so-called thin face periphery structure, and in addition, further difference in the thickness is provided in this peripheral thin portion. Thus, the first thin portion  13   a  of which the thickness t 3  is the smallest is provided in at least one portion of the toe portion A 1 , the sole portion A 2  and the heel portion A 3  of the peripheral thin portion  13 . This embodiment shows a mode wherein the first thin portion  13   a  is provided in the toe portion A 1  and in the heel side portion A 3  of the peripheral thin portion  13 , and the crown side portion A 4  and the sole portion A 3  are formed of the second thin portion  13   b.    
     In addition, as for the toe side portion A 1 , the heel side portion A 3 , the crown side portion A 4  and the sole side portion A 2  in the peripheral thin portion  13 , as shown in  FIG. 7 , a vertical plane VP that passes through the sweet spot SS and the center of gravity of the head G in the standard condition of the head  1 , a first inclined plane F 1  that inclines at 60 degrees relative to this vertical plane VP, and a second inclined surface F 2  that further inclines at 60 degrees relative to this first inclined surface F 1  are respectively set by assuming. These three planes cross each other at the above described normal line N which passes through the sweet spot SS and the center of gravity of the head G. Thus, each region on the toe side, on the sole side, on the heel side or on the crown side divided by the above described first and second inclined surfaces F 1  and F 2  is set as the toe portion A 1 , the sole portion A 2 , the heel portion A 3  and the crown portion A 4 , according to the assumption. 
     The first thin portion  13   a  provides the region of a high coefficient of restitution. Therefore, it becomes possible to further expand the region of which the coefficient of restitution has been increased, in comparison with a conventional head. It is not preferable to form the crown portion A 4  in the first thin portion  13   a . This is because the crown side portion A 4  continues to the crown portion  4  formed to have a small thickness, and the durability of the head is easily reduced in the case where the first thin portion  13   a  is formed in the crown side portion A 4 . 
     It has been found that there are many cases where the point that hits a ball shifts in the toe or heel direction from the sweet spot SS, based on an observation of the points that hit a ball of a great number of golfers of average skill. However, in the case where a ball is mis-hit in the toe or heel direction, carry is reduced greatly in comparison with the case where a ball is mis-hit by a point shifted to the crown side or to the sole side. It is considered that this is caused by the gear effects of the head. The gear effects indicate a phenomenon where the head makes a rotation motion around the vertical axis of the center of gravity G, in the case where a ball is hit by a point shifted toward the toe side or toward the heel side of the head, while a force in the opposite direction of this works on the ball so as to create a sidespin. The sidespin created by the gear effects works as a force that bends the trajectory of the ball in the right or left direction, causing a great loss of carry. 
     On the other hand, as shown in  FIG. 8 , at the instant when a ball B makes contact with the face surface F, an internal friction f 2  works on the inside of the ball B so as to twist the ball in the direction opposite to the force f 1  that is generated to create backspin in the ball. Such a phenomenon has become apparent as a result of computer analysis in recent years, and in general, is referred to as “recoil effect.” This internal friction f 2  prevents backspin, and therefore, the more significantly the recoil effect occurs in the head, the smaller the amount of backspin in the ball. In addition, the longer the contact time between the ball and the face surface is, the more significantly the recoil effect occurs in the head. That is to say, the more the head bends at the time when hitting a ball, exhibiting the more function of the restitution, the greater the above described effects become. The same phenomenon can be achieved with respect to the sidespin due to the gear effects. 
     The first thin portion  13   a  is provided in the toe side portion A 1  and in the heel side portion A 2  of the head  1 , according to the present embodiment, and therefore, a significant recoil effect occurs in the case where the ball is mis-hit by a point on the toe side or on the heel side where the above described thickness is the smallest. As a result of this, the working effects of the sidespin accompanying the gear effect become smaller in the ball. As a result of this, the loss in carry can be reduced. 
     As described above, the first thin portion  13   a  is created in the toe side portion A 1  and in the heel side portion A 3  of the peripheral thin portion  13 , and thereby, the region of a high restitution can be widely set in accordance with the hit point of golfers of average skill, thus increasing carry more effectively and providing a head having an excellent sound of hitting a ball. 
     In addition, in the head  1  according to the present embodiment, a thin portion of a varying thickness  13   c  where the thickness gradually decreases starting from the second thin portion  13   b  toward the first thin portion  13   a  is provided between the first thin portion  13   a  and the second thin portion  13   b  in the peripheral thin portion  13 . Accordingly, the occurrence of a rigidity step accompanying a difference in the thickness can be prevented in the peripheral thin portion  13 , further increasing the durability of the face portion  3 . In order to enhance such an effect, it is preferable for the outer width W 3  of the thin portion of a varying thickness  13   c  to be not less than 3 mm and not greater than 10 mm, and furthermore, it is more preferable for the width to be not less than 5 mm and not greater than 7 mm. 
     Though the thickness t 3  of the first thin portion  13   a  is not particularly limited, there is a risk where the strength of this portion is lowered, causing a crack or the like at the time when hitting a ball in the case where the thickness is too small, and contrarily, there is a tendency where an expansion in the region of a high restitution becomes hard to gain in the case where the thickness is too great. It is preferable for the thickness t 3  of the first thin portion  13   a  to be not less than 1.70 mm, and it is more preferable for the thickness to be not less than 1.80 mm, while it is preferable for the upper limit of the thickness to be not greater than 2.30 mm in combination with any of the above described lower limits, it is more preferable for the thickness to be not greater than 2.20 mm, and it is still more preferable for the thickness to be not greater than 2.00 mm. 
     In addition, though the thickness t 2  of the second thin portion  13   b  is not particularly limited, there is a risk where the strength of the peripheral thin portion  13  may be reduced in the case where the thickness is too small, and contrarily, an increase in the effects of the function of restitution tends not to be gained from the thin periphery structure in the case where the thickness is too great. In view of the above described points, it is preferable for the thickness t 2  of the second thin portion  13   b  to be not less than 2.00 mm, and it is more preferable for the thickness to be not less than 2.10 mm, while it is preferable for the upper limit of the thickness to be not greater than 2.50 mm in combination with any of the above described lower limit values, it is more preferable for the thickness to be not greater than 2.40 mm, and it is still more preferable for the thickness to be not greater than 2.30 mm. 
     A preferable interrelationship between the thickness t 1  of the center thick portion and the thicknesses t 2  and t 3  of the peripheral thin portion  13  is as follows, taking the total balance of the face portion  3  into consideration. 
     First, it is preferable for the ratio (t 3 /t 1 ) of the thickness t 3  of the first thin portion  13   a  to the thickness t 1  of the center thick portion  11  to be not less than 0.55, it is more preferable for the ratio to be not less than 0.60, and it is still more preferable for the ratio to be not less than 0.65, while it is preferable for the upper limit to be not greater than 0.85 in combination with any of the above described lower limit values, it is more preferable for the ratio to be not greater than 0.80, and it is still more preferable for the ratio to be not greater than 0.75. 
     In addition, it is preferable for the ratio (t 2 /t 1 ) of the thickness t 2  of the second thin portion  13   b  to the thickness t 1  of the center thick portion  11  to be not less than 0.65, it is more preferable for the ratio to be not less than 0.70, and it is still more preferable for the ratio to be not less than 0.72, while it is preferable for the upper limit to be not greater than 0.90 in combination with any of the above described lower limit values, it is more preferable for the ratio to be not greater than 0.85, and it is still more preferable for the ratio to be not greater than 0.84. 
     Furthermore, it is preferable for the ratio (t 3 /t 2 ) of the thickness t 3  of the first thin portion  13   a  to the thickness t 2  of the second thin portion  13   b  to be not less than 0.68, and it is more preferable for the ratio to be not less than 0.75, while it is preferable for the upper limit to be not greater than 0.95 in combination with any of the above described lower limit values, it is more preferable for the ratio to be not greater than 0.85, and it is still more preferable for the ratio to be not greater than 0.84. 
     In addition, in the case where the respective areas of the center thick portion  11 , the first thin portion  13   a  and the second thin portion  13   b , which are respectively projected on the face surface  2 , are assumed to be S 1 , S 2  and S 3 , it is preferable for the area ratio (S 2 /S 1 ) to be not less than 0.2, and it is more preferable for the area ratio to be not less than 0.3, while it is preferable for the upper limit to be not greater than 0.65, and it is more preferable for the area ratio to be not greater than 0.55. In addition, it is preferable for the area ratio (S 3 /S 1 ) to be not less than 0.1, and it is more preferable for the area ratio to be not less than 0.13, while it is preferable for the upper limit to be not greater than 0.3, and it is more preferable for the area ratio to be not greater than 0.25. In addition, when the area of the face surface is assumed to be S, it is desirable for the ratio (S 1 /S) to be not less than 0.15 and not greater than 0.50. 
       FIGS. 9 and 10  show other embodiments of the present invention. The embodiment of  FIG. 9  is illustrated as a mode wherein the first thin portion  13   a  is provided in the toe side portion A 1 , in the sole side portion A 2  and in the heel side portion A 3  in a continuous manner in the peripheral thin portion  13 . The second thin portion  13   b  is provided in the crown side portion A 4  of the above described peripheral thin portion  13 . 
     In addition, the embodiment of  FIG. 10  is illustrated as a mode wherein the first thin portion  13   a  is provided in the sole side portion A 2  of the above described peripheral thin portion  13 , and the second thin portion  13   b  is provided in the toe side portion A 1 , in the crown side portion A 4  and in the heel side portion A 3  in a continuous manner. The head  1  of such an embodiment allows the region of a high restitution to be greatly expanded to the sole side. 
     EXAMPLES 
     The head of a driver having a head volume of 360 cm 3  and a real loft angle of 10 degrees was prototyped on the basis of the specifications of Table 1. Each head was manufactured by welding a face member made of a forged product in bowl form to a head body made of a casted product, both of which are shown in  FIG. 2 . Here, Ti-15V-6Cr-4Al (DAT55G) was utilized as the material for the face member, and Ti-6Al-4V was utilized as the material for the head body, respectively. Then, a shaft was attached to each prototype head so as to manufacture a wood type golf club having a full length of 45 inches. In addition, for the purpose of comparison, golf clubs (Comparative Examples 1 and 2) where the peripheral thin portion  1  is formed to have a thickness of one type and a golf club (Comparative Example 3) having no portion of a varying thickness were also manufactured. The gist of the tests is as follows. 
     &lt;Total Area of Region of High Restitution&gt; 
     The coefficients of restitution of the heads were measured on the basis of “Procedure for Measuring the velocity Ratio of a club Head for conformance to Rule 4-1e, Revision 2 (Feb. 8th 1999) of U.S.G.A.” The test was carried out by shifting the point that hits a ball by intervals of 3 mm upward, downward, leftward and rightward, respectively, from the sweet spot SS, which is the original point, on the face surface  2 , as shown in  FIG. 11 . Then, a region having a constant of restitution of 0.830 was measured, as shown in graphs where the areas thereof are measured. The evaluation was carried out using an exponent that sets the area of the region of a high restitution in Comparative Example 1 at 100. The greater the numeral value is, the greater and more preferable is the region of a high restitution. In addition, the results of comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 to 3 are shown in the graphs of  FIGS. 12 to 15 . 
     &lt;Hitting Test&gt; 
     A hitting test was carried out where seven golfers (HDCP 15 to 25) hit ten balls each so that the average carry (carry+run) of hit balls were measured. In addition, the sound of hit balls was evaluated according to a five point method based on feel. The greater the numeral value is, the better the sound of a hit ball is. 
     &lt;Durability Test&gt; 
     Shot Robot III made by Miyamae corporation was utilized and made to hit 3,000 three piece golf balls in a sequential manner with the sweet spot at a head speed of 51 m/s, and thus, it was confirmed whether or not a crack, damage or the like occurred. 
     The test results are shown in Table 1. 
     As a result of the test, it can be confirmed that the region of a high restitution has been expanded in the examples. In addition, it can be confirmed that carry has been increased in the hitting test by actual golfers. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Comparative 
                 Comparative 
                 Comparative 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Example 1 
                 Example 2 
                 Example 3 
                 Example 1 
                 Example 2 
                 Example 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Specifications of face portion 
                 FIG. 16 
                 FIG. 16 
                 FIG. 5 
                 FIG. 5 
                 FIG. 9 
                 FIG. 10 
               
               
                 Thickness t1 of center thick portion [mm] 
                 2.85 
                 2.85 
                 2.85 
                 2.85 
                 2.85 
                 2.85 
               
               
                 Area S1 of center thick portion projected 
                 1200 
                 1200 
                 1200 
                 1200 
                 1200 
                 1200 
               
               
                 on face [mm 2 ] 
               
               
                 Width W1 on toe or heel side of portion 
                 3 
                 3 
                 0 
                 10 
                 10 
                 5 
               
               
                 of varying thickness [mm] 
               
               
                 Width W2 on crown or sole side of 
                 3 
                 3 
                 0 
                 7 
                 5 
                 5 
               
               
                 portion of varying thickness [mm] 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Peripheral 
                 Thickness t3 of first thin 
                 2.2 
                 2.0 
                 — 
                 2.0 
                 2.0 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 thin 
                 portion [mm] 
               
               
                 portion 
                 Area S2 of first thin 
                 2800 
                 2800 
                 — 
                 1000 
                 1100 
                 1300 
               
               
                   
                 portion [mm 2 ] 
               
               
                   
                 Thickness t2 of second thin 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 2.2 
                 2.2 
                 2.2 
               
               
                   
                 portion [mm] 
               
               
                   
                 Area S3 of second thin 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 500 
                 500 
                 450 
               
               
                   
                 portion [mm 2 ] 
               
               
                   
                 Existence of thin portion 
                 Non-existence 
                 Non-existence 
                 Non-existence 
                 Existence 
                 Existence 
                 Existence 
               
               
                   
                 of varying thickness 
               
               
                   
                 Width of thin portion of 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 varying thickness [mm] 
               
               
                 Test 
                 Area of region of high 
                 100 
                 103 
                 80 
                 125 
                 120 
                 110 
               
               
                 results 
                 restitution (exponent) 
               
               
                   
                 Carry in hitting test [yards] 
                 220 
                 221 
                 210 
                 231 
                 227 
                 225.3 
               
               
                   
                 Sound of hit ball in hitting test 
                 70 
                 70 
                 60 
                 90 
                 87 
                 85 
               
               
                   
                 (sensual evaluation) 
               
               
                   
                 Durability test 
                 OK at 3,000 
                 OK at 3,000 
                 OK at 3,000 
                 OK at 3,000 
                 OK at 3,000 
                 OK at 3,000 
               
               
                   
                   
                 shots 
                 shots 
                 shots 
                 shots 
                 shots 
                 shots 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Example 4 
                 Example 5 
                 Example 6 
                 Example 7 
                 Example 8 
                 Example 9 
                 Example 10 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Specifications of face portion 
                 FIG. 5 
                 FIG. 5 
                 FIG. 5 
                 FIG. 5 
                 FIG. 5 
                 FIG. 5 
                 FIG. 5 
               
               
                 Thickness t1 of center thick portion [mm] 
                 2.70 
                 2.70 
                 2.70 
                 2.80 
                 2.80 
                 2.80 
                 2.80 
               
               
                 Area S1 of center thick portion projected on 
                 1200 
                 1200 
                 1200 
                 1200 
                 1200 
                 1200 
                 1200 
               
               
                 face [mm 2 ] 
               
               
                 Width W1 on toe or heel side of portion of  
                 7 
                 7 
                 7 
                 10 
                 15 
                 15 
                 5 
               
               
                 varying thickness [mm] 
               
               
                 Width W2 on crown or sole side of portion 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 7 
                 10 
                 10 
               
               
                 of varying thickness [mm] 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Peripheral 
                 Thickness t3 of first thin portion 
                 2.0 
                 2.0 
                 2.0 
                 2.0 
                 2.0 
                 2.0 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 thin 
                 [mm] 
               
               
                 portion 
                 Area S2 of first thin portion [mm 2 ] 
                 950 
                 950 
                 1000 
                 1000 
                 1100 
                 1150 
                 1070 
               
               
                   
                 Thickness t2 of second thin 
                 2.2 
                 2.2 
                 2.2 
                 2.2 
                 2.2 
                 2.2 
                 2.2 
               
               
                   
                 portion [mm] 
               
               
                   
                 Area S3 of second thin portion 
                 600 
                 550 
                 500 
                 500 
                 590 
                 570 
                 600 
               
               
                   
                 [mm 2 ] 
               
               
                   
                 Existence of thin portion of  
                 Existence 
                 Existence 
                 Existence 
                 Existence 
                 Existence 
                 Existence 
                 Existence 
               
               
                   
                 varying thickness 
               
               
                   
                 Width of thin portion of varying 
                 5 
                 10 
                 15 
                 10 
                 10 
                 10 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                 thickness [mm] 
               
               
                 Test 
                 Area of region of high restitution 
                 130 
                 135 
                 140 
                 130 
                 140 
                 142 
                 127 
               
               
                 results 
                 (exponent) 
               
               
                   
                 Carry in hitting test [yards] 
                 235 
                 238.3 
                 240.5 
                 234.1 
                 241.0 
                 242.6 
                 229.8 
               
               
                   
                 Sound of hit ball in hitting test 
                 85 
                 90 
                 88 
                 80 
                 89 
                 93 
                 85 
               
               
                   
                 (sensual evaluation) 
               
               
                   
                 Durability test 
                 Cracked at 
                 Cracked at 
                 Cracked at 
                 OK at 3,000 
                 OK at 3,000 
                 Cracked at 
                 OK at 3,000 
               
               
                   
                   
                 2,800 shots 
                 2,800 shots 
                 3,000 shots 
                 shots 
                 shots 
                 3,000 shots 
                 shots