Patent Publication Number: US-11650564-B2

Title: Method and device for planning and/or controlling and/or simulating the operation of a construction machine

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/091,920 filed 5 Oct. 2018, which is a § 371 national stage of International Application PCT/EP2017/000435, with an international filing date of 6 Apr. 2017, which International Application claims the benefit of DE Patent Application Serial. No. 10 2016 004 382.2, filed on 8 Apr. 2016, the benefit of the earlier filing date of which is hereby claimed under 35 USC § 119(a)-(d) and (f). The entire contents and substance of all applications are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     Not Applicable 
     The Names of the Parties to a Joint Research Agreement 
     Not Applicable 
     Sequence Listing 
     Not Applicable 
     Statement Regarding Prior Disclosures by the Inventor or a Joint Inventor 
     Not Applicable 
     Background of the Disclosure 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a method and to an apparatus for planning and/or controlling and/or simulating the operation of a construction machine, in particular in the form of a crane such as a revolving tower crane, using a structure data model that includes digital information on a structure to be erected and/or to be worked. The invention here also relates to the construction machine itself that can be linked to such a structure data model and/or that is controllable using such a structure data model. The invention finally also relates to a simulator and/or to a remote control for simulating and/or remote controlling a construction machine using such a structure data model. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     In the more recent past, digital structure data models have been used for all the trades involved in the structure for the planning, erecting, working, and checking of structures. The method developed for this is known by the term building information modeling. Digital information on the structure to be erected and/or to be worked is included in this database called a BIM model. Such structure data models or BIM models are as rule computer readable files or file conglomerates and occasionally processing computer program modules for processing such files in which information and characteristics describe the structure to be erected or to be worked and its relevant properties in the form of digital data. Such structure data models can in particular include two-dimensional, three-dimensional, or multi-dimensional CAD data for the visualization of the structure and/or its construction site, but also other relevant information on the structure, for example its timetable for its erection, information on the surrounding infrastructure such as access roads, energy and water utilities, or logistical information on required auxiliary material for the erection or working of the structure. Structure parameters such as construction volume, structure height, dimensions of extent in elevation, material volumes such as the required volume of concrete, volume of bricks, et cetera. or construction element weights of individual structure components such as steel beams, fabricated construction elements, or similar are often included as characteristic structure data. The structure data model and its files or the file conglomerate is here frequently sendable and/or has network capability to be provided to different construction participants. 
     A number of processes in the erection of a structure are processed with the aid of a computer using such structure data models, with an architect preparing a draft in classical construction planning, for example, and drawing it with the aid of CAD systems, whereupon a quantity determination can be prepared for the cost calculation on the basis of the CAD drawings or the plans can be submitted to other professional engineers, fire safety inspectors, or authorities. If plan changes occur, the drawings are changed and coordinated with the participants, the quantity determination is adapted and the cost calculation is revised, which makes everything a lot simpler when using the integrated BIM model, and is partly automatically completed by software modules that can access the data of the structure data model. 
     It has already been proposed in this context to link data relating to the operation of a crane to a BIM or a structure data model. WO 2016/019158 A1, for example, describes a method by means of which a BIM model is updated by crane operating data, a timeline or a timetable being generated using the construction elements to be moved by the crane that includes the required crane deployments and is integrated in the data model of the BIM environment. The data model can then update further BIM functions with reference to the generated timeline. 
     WO 2013/006625 A1 further describes a method of maneuvering a crane within a construction site while making use of data from a BIM model, with, on the one hand, global 3D coordinates of the crane hook that are determined with the aid of absolute position sensors and, on the other hand, global 3D coordinates that characterize the structure to be erected and the position of the structure parts and are stored in the BIM are compared with one another. 
     As a result, the functional gain of the previously provided linking of a crane to the BIM model is, however, limited. To date, it has in particular not been possible to achieve any great advantages in the control of construction machinery such as cranes or excavators and their handling by BIM models. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is therefore the underlying object of the present invention to provide an improved integration of construction machinery and their operation in structure data models and/or an improved link of construction machinery to such structure data models that avoid disadvantages of the prior art and advantageously further develop the latter. A more efficient and more secure control of construction machinery should in particular be achieved by an improved link to BIM models. 
     An object is achieved in accordance with the invention by a method of planning and/or controlling the operation of a construction machine, in particular a crane, using a structure data model that includes digital information on a structure to be erected and/or to be worked, comprising automatically selecting a construction machine suitable for the erection and/or working of the structure with reference to the structure data model, wherein the following steps are carried out for the automatic selection, providing a machine data model that includes digital information on different construction machine models, automatically identifying relevant information from the structure data model with reference to criteria that are specified by the machine data model and relate to machine data in which the different construction machine models differ, automatically comparing the identified information from the structure data model with the machine data of different construction machinery from the machine data model, and automatically selecting the suitable construction machine with reference to the comparison. 
     Another object is achieved in accordance with the invention by an apparatus for planning and/or controlling the operation of a construction machine, in particular a crane, using a structure data model that includes digital information on a structure to be erected and/or to be worked, comprising a machine selection module for the automatic selection of a construction machine suitable for the erection and/or working of the structure with reference to digital information of the structure data model, a machine data model that includes digital information on different construction machine models, a data selection module for automatically identifying and reading relevant information from the structure data model with reference to criteria that are specified by the machine data model and relate to machine data in which the different construction machine models differ, a comparison module for automatically comparing the read information from the structure data model with the machine data of different construction machines from the machine data model, and with the machine selection module being configured for the automatic selection of the suitable construction machine of the comparison. 
     Another object is achieved in accordance with the invention by a construction machine, in particular a crane or an excavator, having a construction machine control apparatus for controlling the construction machine, comprising a data communication device for receiving and processing digital information from a structure data model, and by a control configuration module for influencing at least one control function of the construction machine control in dependence on the received digital information from the structure data model. 
     Another object is achieved in accordance with the invention by a simulator for simulating the operation of a construction machine on the basis of information provided from a structure data model, wherein the simulator has an interface for communicating with the structure data model, a graphical simulation module for generating a virtual representation of the structure to be erected and/or worked, a display apparatus for displaying the virtual representation and a control station having input means for inputting control commands for the construction machine, further comprising a data communication device for receiving and processing digital information from a structure data model, and a control configuration module for influencing at least one control function of the simulator in dependence on the digital information received from the structure data model. 
     Another object is achieved in accordance with the invention by a remote control device for a construction machine, in particular for a or an excavator, having a control station that has at least one input means for inputting control commands and that has a signal transmission device for transmitting the input control commands to the control apparatus of the construction machine; and having a display apparatus for displaying a representation of a piece of working equipment and/or of the machine surroundings, and further comprising a data communication device for receiving and processing digital information from a structure data model, and by a control configuration module for influencing at least one control function of the construction machine control device in dependence on the digital information received from the structure data model. 
     Another object is achieved in accordance with the invention by a software program product for planning and/or controlling the operation of a construction machine, in particular a crane, using a structure data model that includes digital information on a structure to be erected and/or to be worked, comprising encoded program means including a machine selection program means for the automatic selection of a construction machine suitable for the erection and/or working of the structure with reference to digital information of the structure data model, a machine data model that includes digital information on different construction machine models, a data selection program means for automatically identifying and reading relevant information from the structure data model with reference to criteria that are specified by the machine data model and relate to machine data in which the different construction machine models differ, a comparison program means for automatically comparing the read information from the structure data model with the machine data of different construction machines from the machine data model, and with the machine selection program means being configured for the automatic selection of the suitable construction machine with reference to the comparison. 
     It is therefore proposed in accordance with an aspect of the invention to link a machine data model in which digital information on different construction machine models is included to the structure data model or to the BIM model and to already take characteristics of the available construction machinery into account in the planning. The machine data model can here be provided in the form of a software module or an app that has an interface for communication with the structure data model and that can, for example, be downloaded from a server or from a software store or that can also be stored on a data carrier. 
     An automatic selection of a construction machine suitable for the erection and/or working of the respective structure can take place in accordance with the invention by means of the machine data model with reference to digital information from the structure data model and from the machine data model, with an automatic identification and reading of relevant information from the structure data model taking place for this purpose with reference to criteria that are predefined by the machine data model and that relate to machine data in which the different construction machine models differ from one another. The automatic selection of the suitable construction machine then takes place with reference to an automatic comparison of the read information from the structure data model with the machine data of different construction machinery from the machine data model. 
     The modules implementing the functions can in particular be integrated in the form of software tools in the machine data model, but optionally also in the structure data module. On an integration into the linkable machine data model, the total functionality for the automatic selection of the matching construction machine can be provided by the downloadable and/or importable software tool that implements the machine data model and it is possible to this extent to work with a BIM or with a structure data model that for this purpose only requires a corresponding interface via which the supplementary software tool can be linked. 
     The relevant information from the structure data model that is required for the selection of the construction machine and that is identified and read by an identification and/or reading module can comprise different structure characteristics such as the structure height, the weight of the heaviest construction element to be moved, the area and/or the cross-sectional extent of the structure in elevation and/or the maximum distance between a construction element delivery station stored in the BIM and a construction element destination at which the respective construction element is to be installed. These identified and read structure characteristics can then be compared by a comparison module with relevant information from the machine data model, with the relevant machine information in particular being able to comprise the following information: machine lift height; maximum machine payload; and/or machine range. If, for example, a crane suitable for the structure is to be selected, a crane can be selected whose lift height is sufficient for the structure height whose payload is sufficient for the weight of the heaviest construction element to be moved and whose range is sufficient for the cross-sectional extent of the structure in elevation and/or the maximum distance between the construction element delivery station and the construction element destination. If a plurality of cranes are included in the machine data model that satisfy the criteria, the smallest crane can be selected that satisfies the demands and so-to-say has the smallest surplus with respect to the crane capacities. 
     In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, the linking of the machine data model to the structure data model can also be utilized to automatically determine and/or to automatically check the installation site of the construction machine, in particular the position of the crane relative to the structure to be erected or to be worked. If a construction machine is selected, which can take place in the aforementioned manner in an automated fashion by the described selection module or alternatively also manually by the planner himself, a position determination module can automatically determine a suitable installation location for the construction machine with reference to relevant machine data that are read from the construction machine model and that can, for example, comprise the range and/or the lift height and/or the collision range and/or working range of the construction machine and with reference to relevant structure data that are read from the structure data model and can, for example, comprise structure dimensions and/or structure contours and/or construction site topographical data and/or access paths and/or material delivery stations. Alternatively or additionally, the position or installation location determination module can check a position of the construction machinery possibly manually fixed by the planner with respect to the criteria, in particular as to whether the range or the working location of the construction machine at the determined installation location is sufficient for the work to be carried out by the construction machine and/or whether collisions of the working range of the construction machine with structure contours and/or other topographic circumstances of the construction site such as trees or adjacent buildings occur in order then optionally to release the installation location of the construction machine or to propose an alternative installation location. 
     After a successful determination and/or check of the machine installation location, the BIM or the structure data model can be correspondingly updated by the installation location determination module with respect to the installation location. 
     In a further development of the invention, the installation location determination module can also automatically bound the working range of the respective selected construction machine automatically with reference to aforementioned collision check and can update the structure data model by the determined working range restrictions. As will still be explained, the construction machine control apparatus can be adapted or parameterized accordingly with respect to a working range boundary function. 
     Alternatively or additionally to such an automatic selection and/or check of the work position of the construction machine, a logistics module can automatically determine the order and/or the times of the delivery of parts of the selected construction machine and/or the transport units required for the delivery using digital information from the structure data model. The logistics module can here likewise be integrated in the construction machine model in the form of a software tool and/or of a functional module, but can optionally also be linked to the structure data model as a separate module. So-called packing lists or transport lists can in particular be prepared in an automated manner by the logistics module with the aid of the data from the structure data model. 
     The order and/or the times of the delivery of parts can here be determined while taking account of the work to be carried out for the structure and/or of the progress and/or status of the structure that can be stored as digital information in the structure data model. In addition to the information from the structure data model, the logistics module can also take account of relevant information from the machine data model, in particular relevant information on the selected construction machine such as its dismantling capability and/or the weight of the machine components and/or the size of the machine components and/or the installation order of the machine components. If, for example, a crane is supplied, low loader units and/or container units can be selected and/or ordered in order in the matching size and/or matching rated capacity with whose aid the crane parts can be delivered in the matching order to the construction site at the matching time, optionally while taking account of the access roads present there. 
     In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, a simulator is also linked to the structure data model to simulate the operation of a construction machine selected for the erection and/or working of the structure, with specific digital information from the structure data model being able to be used for the generation of the virtual reality of the simulator. The simulator can here have an interface for the linking of the structure data model, with an identification and/or reading module being able to be provided to read relevant structure characteristics such as structure contours, surrounding contours, or other construction machines used from the structure data model and to provide them to the generator for generating the virtual reality with reference to which the animation of the construction machine and/or of the construction machine surroundings can then be generated in which a machine operator can then train specific machine work. 
     In a further development of the invention, the linking of the BIM model or of the structure data model to the simulator can be used to be able to represent different states and construction phases of the structure to be erected and to be worked using the digital information from the structure data model on the display device of the simulator or to be able to display them as an animation with reference to which a construction machine operator can then train specific special work at the simulator such as special lifts of a crane. Machine data can also be provided and/or imported for the control of the simulator and/or for the generation of the virtual reality at the simulator that are provided by the aforementioned machine data model and that characterize the respectively selected construction machine to adapt the virtual reality at the simulator to the construction machine selected for the structure. 
     In a further development of the invention, a plurality of simulators can also be linked to the structure data model to simulate and train the interaction of a plurality of construction machines that are selected for the erection or working of the structure. Such a plurality of simulators can, on the one hand, obtain in the aforementioned manner digital information relating to the structure to generate the virtual reality with reference to the structure data from the structure data model, for example different construction phases and states of the structure to be erected. On the other hand, respective digital information from the machine data model can be imported or read in to be able to adapt the virtual representations at the simulators to the respectively used construction machines. 
     In an advantageous further development of the invention, the interaction of both simulators with one another is here coordinated by a higher ranking simulator control module, in particular such that machine actions initiated or performed at the one simulator such as crane lifts are displayed and/or taken into account at the respective other simulator. If, for example, a construction element is to be lifted and placed down at a specific location by means of two cranes together, crane movements carried out at the one simulator and construction element movements resulting therefrom can be displayed at the other simulator and can optionally also be displayed in the form of dynamic reactions. If, for example, the crane operator lowers the jointly lifted construction element a little abruptly at the one simulator, this also results in dynamic reactions at the other simulated crane that can then be reproduced in the form of dynamic reactions at the operator&#39;s cab of the other simulator. 
     Virtual representations of the one construction machine that take account of the control commands input at the associated simulator and of the movements resulting therefrom can in particular be displayed and animated at the display unit of the respective other simulator. The interaction and optionally also resulting collisions can hereby be trained jointly at a plurality of simulators. 
     To achieve a realistic simulation of the construction machine operation, provision can be made in a further development of the invention that machine reactions to control commands input at the control station, for example in the form of machine movements and/or machine deformations are not only represented in the form of a virtual representation on the display apparatus of the simulator, but are rather converted into an actual movement of the control station of the simulator that accompanies the crane reaction or machine reaction to communicate the dynamic machine reactions to the user and to allow him to experience them more realistically. The control station that can, for example, comprise an operator&#39;s seat is for this purpose no longer installed in a statically rigid manner in the space or at the floor, but is rather movable in space by a drive apparatus, in particular in dependence on the movements and/or deformation of the machine components determined by the movement determination module. If the movement determination module determines deflections of machine components such as of the crane tower due to adjustment movements or deformations that would have an effect on the position of the real crane operator&#39;s cab, the drive apparatus is correspondingly controlled by a drive control apparatus to simulate the movement of the crane operator&#39;s cab and to move the control station accordingly. If, for example, a command to rotate the crane about an upright axis is input at the control station, the control command is accordingly rotated about the upright axis by the drive apparatus. If, for example, the control command to lift a heavy load is input, which can in reality result in a slight pitching of the crane structure with a slight twisting of the tower, the control station is traveled a little to the front and/or is tilted a little to the front by the drive apparatus. 
     To enable a particularly realistic simulation of the control station movements occurring in real operation, the drive apparatus can be configured as movable in multiple axes and/or can perform both rotational and translational movements. The control station can in particular be movably supported in multiple axes and the drive apparatus can comprise at least one upright axis of rotation and at least one horizontal luffing axis and/or two horizontally aligned translation axes. To be able also to simulate complex control station movements, the drive apparatus can have three axes of rotation or of tilt or can be configured as working rotationally in three axes and as working translationally in three axes so that the control station can be rotated or tilted about all three spatial axes and can be translationally traveled in all three spatial directions. Depending on the crane type or machine type to be simulated, simpler configurations of the drive apparatus having fewer axes of movement can also be considered. 
     In accordance with a further aspect, the movement determination module can be configured such that the crane structure or machine structure is not considered as a rigid structure, so-to-say as an infinitely stiff structure, but rather as an elastically deformable and/or yielding and/or relatively soft structure that permits movements and/or position changes due to deformations of the structural components—in addition to the adjustment movement axes of the machine such as of the boom luffing axis or the tower slewing axis. The taking into account of the movability of the machine structure as a consequence of structural deformations under load or under dynamic loads is in particular of importance with elongated, slim, and deliberately maximized structures such as cranes with respect to the static and dynamic conditions—while taking account of the required safety properties—since here noticeable movement portions, for example for the crane operator&#39;s cab, but also the lifting hook position also occur due to the deformations of the structural elements. To be able to enable an actually realistic teaching or a realistic training here, the movement determination module takes account of such deformations of the machine structure under static or dynamic loads. 
     The determination device for determining such structural deformations can in particular comprise a calculation unit that calculates these structural deformations on the basis of a stored calculation model in dependence on the control commands entered at the control station. Such a model can have a similar structure to a finite element model or can be a finite element model, but with a model considerably simplified with respect to a fine element model advantageously being used. 
     The structural part deformations taken into account by the movement determination module can, on the one hand, be taken into account on the control of the drive apparatus for moving the control station so that the control station maps the control station movements occurring due to the structural part deformations. Alternatively or additionally, the determined structural part deformations can also be taken into account in the calculation of the virtual representation of the machine surroundings and/or of the machine components visible therein, for example such that the deflection of the boom is shown in the virtual representation or the horizon of the crane surroundings is traveled upwardly a little to map a slight frontward pitching of the crane operator&#39;s cab by a tower deformation, for example. 
     To further increase the feeling of reality of the user of the simulator, provision is made in accordance with a further aspect that the virtual representations of the simulator world provided by the graphical simulation module are superposed on the display apparatus with live images from the control station that can, for example, show movements of the remote control device user. The virtual representations generated by the graphical simulation module of the machine surroundings and/or of the machine components visible therein, on the one hand, and live images of a live camera recorded at the control stand, on the other hand, can in particular be shown simultaneously and superposed on the display apparatus. Such a superposition of images from the simulation world and live images gives the remote control device user a particularly strong feeling of realism. 
     A display apparatus wearable on the head, in particular in the form of eyeglasses, for example in the form of virtual reality glasses and a camera advantageously wearable on the head, for example designed as a helmet camera or integrated in the virtual reality glasses can advantageously be used as a display apparatus for this purpose that provides the live images that are shown together with the artificially generated virtual representation on the display apparatus, in particular on the virtual reality glasses. Simpler display devices, for example in the form of screens, can, however, also be used. 
     In a further development of the invention, the simulator can also be used as a remote control device for the remote control of a “real” crane or of a “real” construction machine, with a communication connection advantageously being able to be provided between the construction machine, on the one hand, and the simulator then forming a remote control device, on the other hand, via which the control commands input at the control station of the remote control device can be transmitted to the control device of the crane, of the construction machine and/or of the pallet truck. The “real” crane or the respective remote controlled “real” device performs the control commands input at the control station of the simulator or at the remote control device; the virtual representation of the machine surroundings and of the machine components visible therein generated at the control station simultaneously displays how the machine implements the control commands. Provision can be made here to feed the movement parameters and sensor signals detected at the real unit back to the remote control device and to use them there for the generation of the virtual representation of the machine surroundings to ensure that a representation corresponding to the actual machine surroundings and machine position is displayed on the display apparatus of the remote control device. 
     In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, the control of a construction machine actually used on the construction site can also be linked to the structure data model or to the BIM model. It is in particular possible to intervene in the control of the construction machine with reference to digital information from the structure data model and/or to parameterize and/or modify the control of the construction machine. 
     Such an intervention in the construction machine control can, for example, comprise the adaptation of a working range boundary implemented there to structure data from the structure data model, with a temporally dynamic adaptation advantageously being able to take place such that the working range boundary can be adapted to resulting construction progresses or can be gradually changed. 
     Alternatively or additionally to such an automatic adaptation of the working range boundary, a construction progress monitoring can also be provided in which the actual state of the structure and/or its surroundings are detected by means of a suitable detection device such as a camera and/or a scanner and/or a flying object and is/are compared with digital information from the structure data model. For the detection of the actual state, structure contours can be detected and/or measured by a camera and/or existing construction elements can be read by means of a barcode scanner and/or can be detected by means of an RFID reader and/or position data of construction elements can be determined by means of a localizer, for example in the form of a GPS module or of a radar measurement module. 
     A determination as to the construction phase the structure is currently in can take place using the comparison of the detected actual data with the associated relevant BIM data. Different assisting and/or automated measures can then be initiated with reference to this determination of the current construction phase by a corresponding construction phase determination module. For example, which work steps are to be carried out next and/or where a construction element delivered to the delivery station is to be moved in accordance with its intended purpose can be displayed at a display apparatus of the construction machine. For example, a virtual representation of the structure in its respective state can be generated on a display unit in the operator&#39;s cab of the construction machine and/or in the control station of the remote control device with reference to imported information from the structure data model, in which virtual representation the construction element currently to be traveled or moved and its position is displayed so that, for example, a crane operator can see what lift is to be made and where a construction element to be suspended at the hook is to be moved. 
     In accordance with a further aspect, a present method comprises detecting a construction element located in a pick-up region and/or a working range of a construction machine at a construction site, receiving and processing digital information from a structure data model, the digital information relating to the detected construction element in relation to a structure to be erected and/or worked by the construction machine at the construction site, and carrying out a working step by the construction machine relating to the detected construction element on the basis of the digital information of the structure data model. 
     Carrying out the working step can comprise automatically carrying out the working step. 
     Detecting a construction element can comprise detecting the construction element by one or more of a camera, an imaging sensor, a barcode scanner, and an RFID reader. Detecting a construction element can further comprise detecting the construction element by a long wavelength ID (LWID) working in the low frequency or low wave range. 
     The method can further comprise generating a virtual representation of the structure to be erected and/or worked by the construction machine at the construction site. 
     The digital information of the structure data model can comprise travel path data that indicates a travel path of the construction element. 
     The travel path of the construction element can be at least a portion of a path from the detected location of the construction element in the pick-up region and/or the working range to a destination for the construction element. 
     The method can further comprise generating a virtual representation of the structure to be erected and/or worked by the construction machine at the construction site on a display apparatus that is arranged at the construction machine or at a control station remotely controlling the construction machine, and superposing on the display apparatus a virtual representation of travel path of the construction element and/or a destination for the construction element. 
     The method can further comprise generating from a camera a real representation of the structure to be erected and/or worked by the construction machine at the construction site on a display apparatus that is arranged at the construction machine or at a control station remotely controlling the construction machine, and superposing on the display apparatus a virtual representation of travel path of the construction element and/or a destination for the construction element. 
     The travel path can be calculated by a control module forming part of the construction machine on the basis of data sent to the control module from the structure data model after detection of the construction element in the pick-up region and/or the working range. 
     In accordance with a further aspect, a present method comprises detecting a construction element located in a pick-up region and/or a working range of a construction machine at a construction site, receiving and processing digital information from a structure data model, the digital information relating to the detected construction element in relation to a structure to be erected and/or worked by the construction machine at the construction site, and automatically carrying out a working step by the construction machine relating to the detected construction element on the basis of the digital information of the structure data model, wherein the digital information of the structure data model comprises position data that indicates a destination for the construction element, and a travel path of the construction element from the detected location of the construction element in the pick-up region and/or the working range to the destination for the construction element. 
     Detecting a construction element can comprise detecting the construction element by one or more of a camera, an imaging sensor, a barcode scanner, an RFID reader, and a long wavelength ID (LWID) working in the low frequency or low wave range. 
     The working step can comprise locating the construction element at the destination. 
     The method can further comprise generating a virtual representation of the structure to be erected and/or worked by the construction machine at the construction site. 
     The method can further comprise generating a virtual representation of the structure to be erected and/or worked by the construction machine at the construction site on a display apparatus that is arranged at the construction machine or at a control station remotely controlling the construction machine, and superposing on the display apparatus a virtual representation of the travel path. 
     The method can further comprise generating from a camera a real representation of the structure to be erected and/or worked by the construction machine at the construction site on a display apparatus that is arranged at the construction machine or at a control station remotely controlling the construction machine, and superposing on the display apparatus a virtual representation of the travel path. 
     The method can further comprise controlling delivery of the construction element to the construction site. 
     Controlling delivery can comprise controlling the order and/or the time of the delivery of the construction element. 
     Controlling delivery can be determined while taking account work to be carried out for the structure and/or of the progress and/or status of the structure stored as digital information in the structure data model. 
     The controlled delivery can be automatically fixed with reference to the structure data model by a logistics module communicative with the structure data model. 
     A transport unit required for the delivery of the construction element to the construction site can be automatically determined by the logistics module with reference to the structure data model. 
     The logistics module can take into account digital information from a machine data model related to different construction machine models. 
     In accordance with a further aspect, a present construction machine comprises a construction machine control apparatus for controlling the construction machine, a data communication device for receiving and processing digital information on a structure from a structure data model, a control configuration module for influencing at least one control function of the construction machine control in dependence on the received digital information on the structure from the structure data model, and a detection apparatus for detecting a construction element located in a pick-up region and/or a working range of the construction machine, wherein the data communication device is configured to provide digital information relating to the working of the detected construction element in dependence on the detected construction element from the structure data model to the construction machine control apparatus, and wherein the control configuration module is configured to automatically carry out a working step relating to the detected construction element on the basis of the digital information provided by the structure data model. 
     The detection apparatus can comprise one or more of a camera, an imaging sensor, a barcode scanner, an RFID reader, and a long wavelength ID (LWID) working in the low frequency or low wave range. 
     The construction machine can further comprise a logistics module configured to determine the order and/or the times of a delivery of the construction element with reference to digital information on the structure data model. 
     The logistics module can be further configured to automatically determine transport units required for the delivery of the construction element with reference to the structure data model. 
     In an advantageous further development of the invention, the control of the construction machine can also have a hoist control module provided for the automated hoist control with reference to relevant information from the structure data model. The hoist control module can here work semi-automatically or fully automatically to carry out a lift in an automated manner in interaction with an input or release or with confirmation commands of the machine operator or optionally also without such complementary control commands. The machine operator can identify the construction element to be moved by the construction machine in a semi-automatic manner for this purpose. Alternatively, an automated construction element recognition can also take place, for example by means of a suitable detection apparatus such as a barcode reader and/or an RFID code recognition device and/or a scanner and/or a camera in order, for example, to identify a load suspended at the crane hook of a crane. Alternatively or additionally to the RFID recognition, work can also be carried out with an LWID, i.e. in the identification system working in the low frequency or low wave range. Work can in particular also be carried out with a so-called RuBee recognition system, with such a RuBee system communicating bidirectionally on demand, with work being able to be carried out, for example, in a frequency range of an order of magnitude of 100-150 kHz, but optionally also higher up to 450 kHz. Such RuBee tags can comprise a microprocessor having a memory module and can use an IP address. The RuBee recognition can in particular also use magnetic waves and/or can communicate inductively, with the RuBee recognition in particular being characterized by its robustness with respect to interference due to metal parts and moisture and thus being particularly suitable for construction machine deployment or crane deployment. 
     It is then possible to determine for a detected and/or identified construction element with reference to the structure data model and to relevant digital information the location of the structure to which the construction element is to be moved, with in particular position data for the respective construction element from the structure data model being able to be used for this purpose. 
     The hoist control module can calculate the travel path for the automated hoist, optionally while taking account of further topographical data of the construction site such as access roads et cetera, from the data provided by the structure data model and relating to the identified construction element and optionally further structure characteristics such as structure contours. 
     Alternatively or additionally to such an automated traveling of the construction machine by the hoist control module, a blocking module can also be provided that can block a corresponding hoist or a corresponding work step of the construction machine in interaction with the structure data model, in particular, for example, when a corresponding construction element has been installed or when a connecting module required for the installation of the construction element has not yet been installed. 
     The blocking module can in particular work in interaction with the aforementioned construction progress monitoring, in particular such that a determination is made with reference to the previously explained desired/actual comparison of the construction progress whether the structure is ready to move the respective construction element accordingly. Unnecessary lifts with construction elements can hereby be avoided that cannot yet be installed or whose installed position is not yet ready. 
     The blocking module and/or the aforementioned hoist control module can be integrated in the machine control apparatus and/or can be downloadable and/or importable as a software tool or can also be linked to the machine control apparatus in the form of a stored, separate module. The blocking module and/or the hoist control module can advantageously be parameterized and/or modified by means of digital information from the structure data model. 
     These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading the following specification in conjunction with the accompanying drawing figures. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The accompanying Figures, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate several aspects described below. 
         FIG.  1    is a schematic representation of a construction machine in the form of a crane whose control is linked to a structure data model and which maneuvers a load in a region that is not visible behind a building; and 
         FIG.  2    is a schematic diagram representation of the link of a structure data model to the control of the crane of  FIG.  1    and to a machine data model to assist the construction planning and to a simulator to simulate the operation of the crane with the aid of data from the structure data model. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     To facilitate an understanding of the principles and features of the various embodiments of the invention, various illustrative embodiments are explained below. Although exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in detail, it is to be understood that other embodiments are contemplated. Accordingly, it is not intended that the invention is limited in its scope to the details of construction and arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various ways. Also, in describing the exemplary embodiments, specific terminology will be resorted to for the sake of clarity. 
     It must also be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, reference to a component is intended also to include composition of a plurality of components. References to a composition containing “a” constituent is intended to include other constituents in addition to the one named. 
     Also, in describing the exemplary embodiments, terminology will be resorted to for the sake of clarity. It is intended that each term contemplates its broadest meaning as understood by those skilled in the art and includes all technical equivalents which operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar purpose. 
     Ranges may be expressed herein as from “about” or “approximately” or “substantially” one particular value and/or to “about” or “approximately” or “substantially” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, other exemplary embodiments include from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. 
     Similarly, as used herein, “substantially free” of something, or “substantially pure”, and like characterizations, can include both being “at least substantially free” of something, or “at least substantially pure”, and being “completely free” of something, or “completely pure”. 
     By “comprising” or “containing” or “including” is meant that at least the named compound, element, particle, or method step is present in the composition or article or method, but does not exclude the presence of other compounds, materials, particles, method steps, even if the other such compounds, material, particles, method steps have the same function as what is named. 
     It is also to be understood that the mention of one or more method steps does not preclude the presence of additional method steps or intervening method steps between those steps expressly identified. Similarly, it is also to be understood that the mention of one or more components in a composition does not preclude the presence of additional components than those expressly identified. 
     The materials described as making up the various elements of the invention are intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. Many suitable materials that would perform the same or a similar function as the materials described herein are intended to be embraced within the scope of the invention. Such other materials not described herein can include, but are not limited to, for example, materials that are developed after the time of the development of the invention. 
     As  FIG.  1    shows, a crane  200  that is linked in a manner still to be explained to a structure data model  300  can be configured as a revolving tower crane whose tower  202  supports a boom  203  at which a trolley  204  is travelably supported. The boom  203  can be rotated about an upright axis together with the tower  202  or also without the tower  202 —depending on the configuration of the crane as a top slewer or as a bottom slewer—for which purpose a slewing gear drive is provided. The boom  203  could optionally also be configured as being able to be luffed up and down about a horizontal transverse axis, with a suitable luffing drive being able to be provided, for example, in interaction with the boom guying. The trolley  204  can be traveled by means of a trolley travel winch or of a different trolley travel drive. 
     Instead of the crane  200  shown, however, a different crane could also be used, for example in the form of a telescopic boom crane or also a construction machine of a different type such as an excavator, and could be linked to the BIM or to the structure data model  300 . 
     As  FIG.  2    shows, the crane  200  can already be taken into account in the planning phase. For this purpose, a construction machine model  500  that can include in the manner digital information on different construction machinery, in particular on different cranes, including the crane  200  of  FIG.  1   , can be linked to a structure data model  300 . The construction machine model  500  can be provided in the form of a downloadable software tool or software module that has an interface that permits the construction machine model  500  to be linked to the structure data model  300  so that the two can communicate and exchange data with one another. 
     The planning process can be simplified with the aid of the link of the machine data model  500 . The selection of the crane, the positioning of the crane relative to the structure to be prepared, and the working ranges of the crane  200  can in particular be carried out or determined in the manner initially explained in more detail. For this purpose, suitable software modules and/or hardware modules, in particular a machine selection module  520 , an installation location determination module  530 , a collision determination module  700 , and a working range setting module  710 , can be integrated into the construction machine model  500  and/or into the structure data model  300 . 
     As  FIG.  2    shows, a logistics module  510  can be linked to the structure data model  300 , with the logistics module  510  being integrated in the machine data model  500  and/or being downloadable in the form of a software module or also being able to be formed as separate module and advantageously comprising an interface adapted to the structure data model  300  so that the logistics module  510  and the structure data model  300  can communicate with one another and can exchange data. 
     In particular logistical functions relating to the selected construction machine can be carried out in an automated manner with the aid of the logistics module  510 . Required transport units can in particular be determined for the transport of the construction machine, for example of the crane  200  of  FIG.  1   , and/or the order and times of the transport jobs of the transport units can be determined and/or so-called packing lists or transport lists can be prepared. 
     A simulator  1  can furthermore be linked to the structure data model  300  to generate the virtual reality provided by the simulator  1  with reference to digital information relating to the structure to be prepared and to be worked. 
     A control station  2  of the simulator  1  can here comprise in a manner known per se an operator&#39;s seat, for example in the form of an operator&#39;s chair, about which various input means for inputting control commands are arranged. The input means can, for example, comprise a joystick, a touchscreen, control levers, input buttons and input switches, rotary regulators, sliding regulators, and similar. 
     The operator&#39;s position is here surrounded by an operator&#39;s station wall that can correspond to a cab housing and that can have window regions that are glazed in real crane operator&#39;s cabs, but are tinted in a certain color in the control station  2  of the simulator  1 , coated with a green film, for example, to be able to impose virtual machine surroundings by means of green screen technology. 
     The control station  2  is advantageously installed on a movement platform by means of which the control station is movable in a multi-axial manner. The movement platform is here advantageously configured as movable in a multi-axial manner, in particular tiltable or rotatable about three spatial axis x, y, and z, and is translatorily displaceable along these axes. 
     Actuators of a drive apparatus, for example in the form of electric motors and/or hydraulic cylinders and/or hydraulic motors, are associated with the movement axes of the movement platform to be able to move the control station  2  about or along the axes. 
     The drive apparatus is here controlled by a movement control apparatus that can, for example, be implemented by an industrial PC. 
     The movement control apparatus can here in particular be part of a movement determination module by means of which crane movements and/or positions and/or orientations of crane components such as of the boom or of the tower and also twisting phenomena of structural components such as of the boom or of the tower can be determined in dependence on the respective control commands input at the control station. The movement determination module so-to-say determines the effects of the input control commands to the crane to be simulated, i.e. that would result in movements, positions, orientations, and twisting phenomena of the crane components as a consequence of input control commands at the crane to be simulated and outputs corresponding movement signals characterizing the parameters. 
     The movement determination module does not determine the movement parameters or does not determine them completely by calculation using a computation model, but makes use of actual hardware components in the form of drive components and control components that perform actual movements and simulate the corresponding hardware components at a real crane. 
     The simulator  1  is advantageously configured to simulate the operation of the respective selected construction machine on the basis of information provided from the structure data model  300 , with a graphical simulation module  9  being provided to generate a virtual representation of the structure to be erected and/or to be worked on a display apparatus  3  of the control station  2  of the simulator  1  with the aid of the digital information from the structure data model. 
     The control of the simulator  1  can advantageously comprise a construction phase module  600  by means of which different pieces of digital information can be read out of the structure data model  300  or can be identified at different construction phases of the structure by means of which the display apparatus  3  of the simulator  1  can then display the structure in different construction phases so that a machine operator can train different special jobs such as special lifts in the different construction phases. 
     A job simulation module  610  can be provided for this purpose that is connected to the graphical simulation module  9  such that a virtual representation of the construction part to be worked and its movement path as well as how the construction part is to be moved can be superposed on the display apparatus  3  of the simulator in addition to the structure. 
     Without being shown explicitly in the drawing, two or more simulators  1  can also be linked to the structure data model and can generally each be configured in the aforementioned manner. A higher ranking simulator control apparatus  620  is advantageously provided here that coordinates the graphical simulation modules  9  of the plurality of simulators  1  with one another, in particular such that control commands and corresponding machine actions that are generated at the one simulator are also taken into account in the other simulator, in particular in the virtual representation displayed there, and optionally also in the generated dynamic reactions of the operator&#39;s seat such as has been previously explained. 
     The simulator  1  can advantageously also be used as a remote control device by means of which the crane  200  shown in  FIG.  1    can be remote controlled. The remote control device can here advantageously also be used for the remote control of a plurality of construction machines that can be installed on the same construction site or on different construction sites so that the remote control device so-to-say forms a control center. 
     Alternatively or additionally to such a virtual representation, however, a real camera generated representation of the crane surroundings and/or of the lifting hook can also be used at the control station  2 . At least one camera whose live images are transmitted to the control station  2  can be installed at the crane  200  for this purpose. Such a camera  220  can, for example, be installed at the crane operator&#39;s cab  210  of the remote controlled crane  200  and can advantageously have at least approximately an axis of view that corresponds to the axis of view of a crane operator in the crane operator&#39;s cab  210  and/or that goes from the crane operator&#39;s cab  210  to the lifting hook. 
     Alternatively or additionally, however, different cameras and/or representations can be recorded from different perspectives and can be transmitted to the control station to be displayed there. An aerial drone can in particular be used that is equipped with at least one camera and that can be moved by remote control relative to the crane  200 . 
     To be able to see the lifting hook  208  that can be connected to a hoist rope  207  running down from the trolley  204  or a load received thereat or the environment of the lifting hook  208  when the lifting hook  208  is outside the range of vision of the crane operator&#39;s cab  206  or of the crane operator, for example when—as  FIG.  1    shows—the load is to be placed down behind a building, an aerial drone  209  is provided in accordance with the invention at which at least one camera  210  is installed by means of which a camera image of the lifting hook  208  and/or of the lifting hook environment can be provided. The camera image is advantageously a live image or a real time image in the sense of a television image or video image and is wirelessly transmitted from the camera  210  of the aerial drone  209  to a display unit  211  and/or to the control apparatus  205  of the crane  201 , with the display unit  211 , for example, being able to be a machine operator display in the manner of a tablet or of a screen or of a monitor that can be installed in the crane operator&#39;s cab  206 . If a remote control station or a mobile operating unit is used to control the crane  200  in the previously named manner, the display unit  211  can be provided in the remote control station or at the mobile operating unit. 
     The aerial drone  209  is provided with a remote control device  212  that permits the aerial drone  209  to be remote controlled, in particular the flight control units such as rotor blades to be controlled to remote control the flight position of the aerial drone  209  and/or to remote control the camera  210 , in particular with respect to the panning angle or the viewing axis of the camera  210  relative to the body of the aerial drone  209  and/or the focal length of the camera  210 . 
     A corresponding remote control module can be provided in the crane operator&#39;s cab  206  and/or in the remote control station or in the mobile operating unit and can, for example, be equipped with corresponding joysticks. To enable a simple operation however, a voice control and/or a menu control can also be provided for the aerial drone  209 , for example to select a desired relative position from a plurality of predefined relative positions of the aerial drone  209  relative to the crane. This can be done, for example, in that “drone position  1 ” is input by voice control and/or by menu control that can be stored in a preprogrammed or predetermined manner in the position control apparatus  213 . 
     As  FIG.  2    shows, the crane  200  can also be linked to the structure data model  300 . To provide the BIM or the structure data model  300  on the construction site, a construction site computer  901  can be provided that can be positioned in the region of the structure to be erected. Long data distances and a time delay can hereby be reduced and an interaction between the structure data model  300  and the crane  200  can be implemented free of or low in time delay. 
     Different crane functions or generally control functions of the corresponding construction machine can be adapted or parameterized in dependence on digital data from the structure data model  300  due to the link of the crane  200  to the structure data model  300 . Corresponding digital information from the structure data model  300  can be sent to the crane  200  for this purpose by means of the data communication device  900  shown in  FIG.  2   . The data communication device  900  in particular connects the construction site computer  910  to the control apparatus  205  of the crane  200 . 
     A control configuration module  902  that can be implemented in the control apparatus  205  of the crane  200 , but that can also be provided in the construction site computer  910 , is provided to correspondingly adapt the control functions to the control apparatus  205  of the crane  200 . This control configuration module  920  can in particular adapt the working range boundary function of the crane  200 , that can be implemented in its control apparatus  205 , to different construction phases, and accordingly to growing structure walls and obstacles by means of digital data from the structure data model  300 . 
     Independently of such an adaptation of the working range boundary, the link to the structure data model  300  can also be used to implement an automated construction phase monitoring. For this purpose, on the one hand, the actual state of the structure can be determined by means of a suitable detection device  800 , with the detection device  800  generally being able to be configured differently. The detection device  800  can, for example, comprise at least one camera and/or a suitable imaging sensor, for example in the form of the camera  210  installed at the aerial drone  209  or of a camera  220  installed at the crane  200 . An image processing device arranged downstream of the generated images can detect specific characteristics, for example structure height, developed ground plan surface, outline contours or similar, that characterize the construction progress. Alternatively or additionally to such cameras or imaging sensors, other detection means can also be provided such as a scanner or an RFID reader to detect whether certain construction elements are already installed at the structure or not. Such a scanner or RFID reader can, for example, be attached to the crane hook  208  or can also be used in the form of a mobile unit by means of which installed components can be manually scanned. 
     The actual state of the structure detected by the detection device  800  is then compared with digital information from the structure data model  300  by a construction phase determination module  810  that can, for example, be implemented in the construction site computer  910  to determine the respective construction phase from the comparison. 
     The crane  200  can carry out different functions on the basis of the determined construction phase. It is, for example, already helpful if he respective reached construction phase is displayed on a display apparatus at the crane  200 , either in its crane operator&#39;s cab  206  or at the control station  2  of the remote control device. 
     However, further control functions can also be adapted at the crane  200  with the aid of a control configuration module  920  that can be implemented in the construction site computer  910 , but in particular also in the control apparatus  205  of the crane  200 . For example, a virtual representation of the respective work job to be carried out next by the construction machine can be displayed at the display unit at the crane or at its remote control apparatus, for example such that the respective next construction element to be installed and its installed position at the structure are superposed in the virtual representation of the structure in its respective construction phase. Alternatively or additionally, a travel path can also be superposed in the representation. 
     In an even more advantageous manner, automated lifts can also be carried out by the crane  200 , in particular on the basis of the aforementioned construction phase monitoring and the accompanying determination of the next work step. For this purpose, a detection apparatus  830  can be provided by means of which a construction element located in the pick-up region or working range of the crane  200  can be detected, in particular as to whether it is the construction element that should be installed in the next work step. The detection apparatus  830  can, for example, comprise a barcode scanner or an RFID reader that can be attached to the crane hook. It is, however, understood that different detection means can also be used to identify the construction element to be picked up. 
     If it is found in this manner that the construction element to be installed in the next work step has been suspended at the crane hook  208 , the control configuration module  920  can cause the crane control apparatus  205  to carry out an automated lift on the basis of the digital information from the structure data model  300  to move the component to the installed location in accordance with its intended purpose. 
     As  FIG.  2    indicates, other recognition functions, for example a person recognition, can also be implemented by means of suitable scanning units or detection apparatus, in particular as to whether persons are in the load travel path of the automated lift or whether persons are located at the crane in an unauthorized manner, et cetera. 
     Numerous characteristics and advantages have been set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of structure and function. While the invention has been disclosed in several forms, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications, additions, and deletions, especially in matters of shape, size, and arrangement of parts, can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and its equivalents as set forth in the following claims. Therefore, other modifications or embodiments as may be suggested by the teachings herein are particularly reserved as they fall within the breadth and scope of the claims here appended.