Patent Publication Number: US-11639122-B2

Title: Position-variable seat back hinge stiffness for belt-integration seats

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/534,161, filed Aug. 7, 2019, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/792,937, filed Oct. 25, 2017, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     When a collision actually occurs, non-autonomous and autonomous vehicles alike may include various safety mechanism systems to reduce injury to passengers. For example, the safety mechanism systems may include airbag systems employed to protect passengers from impacts with the interior of a vehicle after an object external to a vehicle has impacted a bumper of the vehicle. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     Aspects of the disclosure provide for a system that includes a seat mounted in a vehicle. The seat includes a base, a back support that is capable of rotating relative to the base and thereby reclining, a hinge between the base and the back support where the hinge is configured to lock the back support in positions in relation to the base, and a seat belt integrated into the seat. The seat belt has a shoulder portion and a lap portion and is attached to the seat at a shoulder anchor in the back support and a base anchor in the base. When a generated torque, created from a forward force applied by the shoulder portion of the seat belt, exceeds a threshold amount of torque, the hinge is configured to unlock and the back support is configured to rotate forward from a reclined position towards an upright position. 
     In one example, the rotation of the back support is dampened by a brake on the hinge. When the generated torque exceeds an upper threshold amount, an amount of resistance applied on the hinge is optionally increased to slow the rotation of the back support. The shoulder anchor, in yet another example, is configured to receive the forward force. 
     The reclined position is optionally when the back support is at an angle greater than 25 degrees from a vertical plane, and the upright position is when the back support is at an angle at or less than 25 degrees from the vertical plane. In another example, the hinge is configured to lock in place when the back support reaches the upright position. Furthermore, the hinge is additionally or alternatively configured to lock in place when the generated torque becomes less than the threshold amount of torque. 
     In yet another example, the hinge is a first hinge, and the seat also includes a foot rest and a second hinge between the base and the foot rest. The second hinge in this example is configured to unlock and rotate along with the first hinge. The system optionally includes a reinforcement plate mounted on the vehicle under the seat. In this example, the reinforcement plate has a hardness and a thickness configured to withstand forces on the reinforcement plate caused by the back support when the back support rotates forward from the reclined position towards the upright position. In another example, the seat is capable of being positioned facing a direction other than towards a front of the vehicle. Additionally, the system optionally includes the vehicle. 
     Other aspects of the disclosure provide for a method. The method includes using a hinge of a seat between a back support of the seat and a base of the seat to lock the back support in a reclined position with respect to the base and using a seat belt retractor to lock a seat belt in response to a forward force at a shoulder portion of the seat belt. The seat belt is integrated in the seat. In addition, the method includes receiving continued forward force at the shoulder portion of the seat belt, wherein the continued forward force generates a torque at the hinge, and, when the generated torque at the hinge exceeds a threshold amount of torque, unlocking the back support to rotate forward in relation to the base in response to the continued forward force. 
     In one example, the method also includes applying resistance at the hinge to control the rotation of the back support in response to the continued forward force. In this example, the resistance at the hinge is optionally applied by a brake on the hinge. Another example of the method includes locking, using the hinge of the seat, the back support when the back support reaches an upright position. Additionally or alternatively, the method includes locking, using the hinge of the seat, the back support when the generated torque falls below the threshold amount of torque. 
     In another example, the reclined position is when the back support is at an angle greater than 25 degrees from a vertical plane, and the upright position is when the back support is at an angle at or less than 25 degrees from the vertical plane. The hinge is optionally a first hinge, and the method optionally also includes unlocking, using a second hinge of the seat between a foot rest of the seat and the base of the seat, the foot rest when the back support is unlocked. 
     Further aspects of the disclosure provide for a system that includes a seat mounted in a vehicle. The seat includes a base, a back support that is capable of rotating relative to the base and thereby reclining, a hinge between the base and the back support where the hinge is configured to lock the back support in positions in relation to the base, and a seat belt. The seat belt has a shoulder portion and a lap portion and is attached to the seat at a shoulder anchor in the back support and a base anchor in the base. This system also includes a reinforcement plate mounted on the vehicle under the seat. The reinforcement plate has a hardness and a thickness configured to withstand forces on the reinforcement plate caused by the back support when the back support rotates forward from a reclined position towards an upright position. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a functional diagram of an example vehicle  100  in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIGS.  2 A- 2 D  are example external views of the example vehicle in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  3    is an example internal view  300  of the example vehicle in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIGS.  4 A- 4 D  are views of an example seat  400  in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  5    is an example top-down view  500  of seats in a vehicle in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIGS.  6 A- 6 B  are additional views of the example seat  400  in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  7    is an example situational diagram in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  8 A  is a perspective view of an example system  800  in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  8 B  is a top-down view of the example system  800  in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  9    is an example flow diagram  900  in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Overview 
     The technology relates to a seat having an integrated seat belt in a vehicle, whether the vehicle is non-autonomous, autonomous, or semi-autonomous. While avoiding collisions with other objects is a primary goal for autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles, in rare circumstances, there may be an unavoidable impact. When impact occurs, the vehicle&#39;s seat may be configured to move in order to absorb energy from the crash and increase the time over which the passenger experiences the load. The movement may reduce and dampen the peak impulse the passenger would have otherwise experienced, and may in turn reduce the amount of injury to a passenger in the event of a collision. 
     An integrated seat belt may be utilized in the seat to better secure a passenger in the event of a collision as well as allow for more mobility for the seat to move in order to absorb energy from a crash. The seat belt may be integrated in the seat at a shoulder anchor in the back support, a base anchor in the base of the seat, and a seat belt buckle in the base of the seat. The seat may be configured to recline to allow a passenger to lie at an angle or completely flat. To recline, the back support of the seat may rotate with respect to the base of the seat. A foot rest and/or the base of the seat may also be configured to rotate with respect to the base of the seat. 
     The back support of the seat may be configured to rotate relative to the base from a reclined position towards an upright position when a force is applied in a forward direction relative to the seat by an upper, or shoulder, portion of the seat belt. The force in the shoulder portion of the seat belt may be applied by a passenger&#39;s body moving in the forward direction when the vehicle is undergoing an impact. When the back support is reclined, the back support may unlock the hinge to allow the back support to move in relation to the base of the seat in response to the torque that is generated by the applied seat belt force. The back support may be configured to rotate to the upright position with some resistance for a period of time during which the generated torque is or exceeds the threshold amount of torque. The resistance may dissipate more energy and may further reduce the amount of injury to the passenger. 
     Example Systems 
     As shown in  FIG.  1   , a vehicle  100  in accordance with one aspect of the disclosure includes various components. While certain aspects of the disclosure are particularly useful in connection with specific types of vehicles, the vehicle may be any type of vehicle including, but not limited to, cars, trucks, motorcycles, busses, recreational vehicles, etc. The vehicle may have one or more computing devices, such as computing device  110  containing one or more processors  120 , memory  130  and other components typically present in general purpose computing devices. 
     The memory  130  stores information accessible by the one or more processors  120 , including instructions  132  and data  134  that may be executed or otherwise used by the processor  120 . The memory  130  may be of any type capable of storing information accessible by the processor, including a computing device-readable medium, or other medium that stores data that may be read with the aid of an electronic device, such as a hard-drive, memory card, ROM, RAM, DVD or other optical disks, as well as other write-capable and read-only memories. Systems and methods may include different combinations of the foregoing, whereby different portions of the instructions and data are stored on different types of media. 
     The instructions  132  may be any set of instructions to be executed directly (such as machine code) or indirectly (such as scripts) by the processor. For example, the instructions may be stored as computing device code on the computing device-readable medium. In that regard, the terms “instructions” and “programs” may be used interchangeably herein. The instructions may be stored in object code format for direct processing by the processor, or in any other computing device language including scripts or collections of independent source code modules that are interpreted on demand or compiled in advance. Functions, methods and routines of the instructions are explained in more detail below. 
     The data  134  may be retrieved, stored or modified by processor  120  in accordance with the instructions  132 . For instance, although the claimed subject matter is not limited by any particular data structure, the data may be stored in computing device registers, in a relational database as a table having a plurality of different fields and records, XML documents or flat files. The data may also be formatted in any computing device-readable format. 
     The one or more processor  120  may be any conventional processors, such as commercially available CPUs. Alternatively, the one or more processors may be a dedicated device such as an ASIC or other hardware-based processor. Although  FIG.  1    functionally illustrates the processor, memory, and other elements of computing device  110  as being within the same block, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the processor, computing device, or memory may actually include multiple processors, computing devices, or memories that may or may not be stored within the same physical housing. For example, memory may be a hard drive or other storage media located in a housing different from that of computing device  110 . Accordingly, references to a processor or computing device will be understood to include references to a collection of processors or computing devices or memories that may or may not operate in parallel. 
     Computing device  110  may include all of the components normally used in connection with a computing device such as the processor and memory described above as well as a user input (e.g., a mouse, keyboard, touch screen and/or microphone) and various electronic displays (e.g., a monitor having a screen or any other electrical device that is operable to display information). In this example, the vehicle includes an internal electronic display as well as one or more speakers to provide information or audio visual experiences. In this regard, internal electronic display may be located within a cabin of vehicle  100  and may be used by computing device  110  to provide information to passengers within the vehicle  100 . 
     Computing device  110  may also include one or more wireless network connections to facilitate communication with other computing devices, such as the client computing devices and server computing devices described in detail below. The wireless network connections may include short range communication protocols such as Bluetooth, Bluetooth low energy (LE), cellular connections, as well as various configurations and protocols including the Internet, World Wide Web, intranets, virtual private networks, wide area networks, local networks, private networks using communication protocols proprietary to one or more companies, Ethernet, WiFi and HTTP, and various combinations of the foregoing. 
     In one example, computing device  110  may be an autonomous driving computing system incorporated into vehicle  100 , which is an autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicle. The autonomous driving computing system may be capable of communicating with various components of the vehicle. For example, returning to  FIG.  1   , computing device  110  may be in communication with various systems of vehicle  100 , such as deceleration system  160 , acceleration system  162 , steering system  164 , signaling system  166 , navigation system  168 , positioning system  170 , and perception system  172 , in order to control the movement, speed, etc. of vehicle  100  in accordance with the instructions  132  of memory  130 . Again, although these systems are shown as external to computing device  110 , in actuality, these systems may also be incorporated into computing device  110 , again as an autonomous driving computing system for controlling vehicle  100 . As with the computing device  110 , each of these systems may also include one or more processors as well as memory storing data and instructions as with processors  120 , memory  130 , instructions  132  and data  134 . 
     As an example, computing device  110  may interact with deceleration system  160  and acceleration system  162  in order to control the speed of the vehicle. Similarly, steering system  164  may be used by computing device  110  in order to control the direction of vehicle  100 . For example, if vehicle  100  is configured for use on a road, such as a car or truck, the steering system may include components to control the angle of wheels to turn the vehicle. Signaling system  166  may be used by computing device  110  in order to signal the vehicle&#39;s intent to other drivers or vehicles, for example, by lighting turn signals or brake lights when needed. 
     Navigation system  168  may be used by computing device  110  in order to determine and follow a route to a location. In this regard, the navigation system  168  and/or data  134  may store detailed map information, e.g., highly detailed maps identifying the shape and elevation of roadways, lane lines, intersections, crosswalks, speed limits, traffic signals, buildings, signs, real time traffic information, vegetation, or other such objects and information. 
     Positioning system  170  may be used by computing device  110  in order to determine the vehicle&#39;s relative or absolute position on a map or on the earth. For example, the position system  170  may include a GPS receiver to determine the device&#39;s latitude, longitude and/or altitude position. Other location systems such as laser-based localization systems, inertial-aided GPS, or camera-based localization may also be used to identify the location of the vehicle. The location of the vehicle may include an absolute geographical location, such as latitude, longitude, and altitude as well as relative location information, such as location relative to other cars immediately around it which can often be determined with less noise than the absolute geographical location. 
     The positioning system  170  may also include other devices in communication with computing device  110 , such as an accelerometer, gyroscope or another direction/speed detection device to determine the direction and speed of the vehicle or changes thereto. By way of example only, an acceleration device may determine its pitch, yaw or roll (or changes thereto) relative to the direction of gravity or a plane perpendicular thereto. The device may also track increases or decreases in speed and the direction of such changes. The device&#39;s provision of location and orientation data as set forth herein may be provided automatically to the computing device  110 , other computing devices and combinations of the foregoing. 
     The perception system  172  also includes one or more components for detecting objects external to the vehicle such as other vehicles, obstacles in the roadway, traffic signals, signs, trees, etc. For example, the perception system  172  may include lasers, sonar, radar, cameras and/or any other detection devices that record data which may be processed by computing device  110 . In the case where the vehicle is a small passenger vehicle such as a car, the car may include a laser  214  (shown in  FIGS.  2 A- 2 D ) or other sensors  216 ,  218  mounted on the front of the vehicle, back of the vehicle, roof, or other convenient location. In some vehicles, the perception system  172  may also include pressure transducers inside a vehicle structure configured to detect whether the vehicle structure is being compressed. 
     These sensors of perception system  172  may detect objects in the vehicle&#39;s environment as well as characteristics of those objects such as their location, heading, size (length height and width), type, and approximate center of gravity. For example, the perception system may use the height of an object identified as a pedestrian (or human) to estimate the approximate center of gravity of the object. In this regard, the perception system may compare the characteristics of the object to known anthropomorphic data to determine an approximate center of gravity. For other object types, the approximate center of gravity may be determined from the characteristics of the object using various known statistical analyses. Data and information required for these determinations may be stored, for example, in memory  130  or a different memory of the perception system. 
     The computing device  110  may control the direction and speed of the vehicle by controlling various components. By way of example, computing device  110  may navigate the vehicle to a destination location completely autonomously using data from the detailed map information and navigation system  168 . Computing device  110  may use the positioning system  170  to determine the vehicle&#39;s location and perception system  172  to detect and respond to objects when needed to reach the location safely. In order to do so, computing device  110  may cause the vehicle to accelerate (e.g., by increasing fuel or other energy provided to the engine by acceleration system  162 ), decelerate (e.g., by decreasing the fuel supplied to the engine, changing gears, and/or by applying brakes by deceleration system  160 ), change direction (e.g., by turning the front or rear wheels of vehicle  100  by steering system  164 ), and signal such changes (e.g., by lighting turn signals of signaling system  166 ). Thus, the deceleration system  160  and the acceleration system  162  may be a part of a drivetrain that includes various components between an engine of the vehicle and the wheels of the vehicle. Again, by controlling these systems, computing device  110  may also control the drivetrain of the vehicle in order to maneuver the vehicle autonomously. 
       FIGS.  2 A- 2 D  are examples of external views of vehicle  100 . As can be seen, vehicle  100  includes many features of a typical vehicle such as headlights  202 , windshield  203 , taillights/turn signal lights  204 , rear windshield  205 , doors  206 , side view mirrors  208 , tires and wheels  210 , and turn signal/parking lights  212 . Headlights  202 , taillights/turn signal lights  202 , and turn signal/parking lights  212  may be associated the signaling system  166 . Light bar  207  may also be associated with the signaling system  166 . Vehicle  100  may also include various sensors  214 ,  216 ,  218  located around the vehicle  100 . 
       FIG.  3    is an example internal view of vehicle  100  through the opening of door  206 . In this example, there is of a row of two seats  302  for passengers with a console  304  between them. Directly in ahead of seats  302  is a dashboard configuration  306  having a storage bin area  308  and the internal electronic display  310 . As can be readily seen, the vehicle does not include a steering wheel, gas (acceleration) pedal, or brake (deceleration) pedal which would allow for a semiautonomous or manual driving mode where a passenger would directly control the steering, acceleration and/or deceleration of the vehicle via the drivetrain. Rather, user input is limited to a microphone (not shown), features of the console  304 , and wireless network connections in vehicle  100 . In this regard, internal electronic display  310  merely provides information to the passenger and need not include a touch screen or other interface for user input. In other embodiments, the internal electronic display  310  may include a touch screen or other user input device for entering information by a passenger such as a destination, etc. 
     In certain implementations, one or more seats in the vehicle may be configured as shown in  FIGS.  4 A- 4 D . A seat  400  may have a front end  402  and a back end  404 . The back end  404  may comprise a back support  406  extending upward from the back end of a base  408  of the seat. Also, the seat may have a top end  410  and a bottom end  412 . The top end  410  may be the top of the back support  406  and may include a head rest  414 , and the bottom end  412  may be the bottom of the base  408  of the seat and may include a foot rest  416 . When a passenger is seated in the seat, he or she may have his or her back in contact with the back support  406  and be facing the front end  402  of the seat with his or her legs arranged over the front end of the base  408 . The passenger&#39;s feet may be in contact with the foot rest  416 . The seat  400  may include one or more seat sensors configured to detect seat metrics, such as a mass of the passenger, a position of the passenger in the seat, an angle the seat is reclined, and a position of the seat on its track. The seat metrics may be transmitted to the computing device  110 . 
     As shown in  FIGS.  4 A and  4 B , the seat  400  may be positioned in an upright positon. An upright position may be, for example, where a back support is at an angle of 0 degrees, 25 degrees, or somewhere in between with respect to the vertical plane. Further, as shown in  FIG.  4 C , the seat  400  may be capable of reclining at an angled or completely flat position. The reclined position may be, for example, an angle more than 25 degrees with respect to the vertical plane and equal to or less than 90 degrees with respect to the vertical plane. To recline, the back support  406  of the seat may rotate with respect to the base  408  of the seat about a hinge  420 . As shown in  FIG.  4 D , hinge  420  may include a locking mechanism  421 A that holds the back support  406  in various angles relative to the base  408  when locked and allows movement of the back support  406  relative to the base  408  about the hinge  420  when unlocked. The hinge  420  may additionally or alternatively include a resistance mechanism  421 B that applies an amount of resistance to movement of the back support  406  relative to the base  408  about the hinge  420 . The foot rest  416  may also be configured to rotate with respect to the base  408  of the seat about a hinge  422 . As shown in  FIG.  4 D , hinge  422  may include a locking mechanism  423 A that holds the foot rest  416  in various angles relative to the base  408  when locked and allows movement of the foot rest  416  relative to the base  408  about the hinge  422  when unlocked. 
     One or more seats of the vehicle may be positioned in a non-traditional arrangement within the vehicle. For example, as shown in  FIG.  5   , seats  400 ,  502 ,  504 , and  506  may be positioned in a circle facing each other in vehicle  100  while vehicle  100  is traveling in direction of arrow  510 . Seats  400 ,  502 ,  504 , and  506  are all not facing or oriented towards the direction of arrow  510  in which vehicle  100  is traveling. The seats  400 ,  502 ,  504 ,  506  of vehicle  100  may each be configured to translate and/or rotate independently within the vehicle to move into and out of the non-traditional arrangements. 
     A seat, such as seat  400 , may include a seat belt integrated in the seat, as shown in  FIGS.  6 A and  6 B . The seat belt  602  may be a three-point belt including a shoulder portion  604  and a lap portion  606 . In other examples, the seat belt  602  may be a four-point belt or other type of seat belt that is integrated in the seat. The seat belt  602  may be integrated in the seat at a shoulder anchor  610  in the back support  406 , a base anchor  612  in one side of the base  408  of the seat, and a seat belt buckle  614  in opposite side of the base  408  of the seat. The seat belt  602  may further include a seat belt retractor  620  configured to pull the seat belt taut or lock the seat belt in place. For example, the seat belt retractor  620  may lock the seat belt  602  in place when the seat belt is pulled suddenly. 
     As shown in  FIG.  6 B , when a passenger is seated in the seat  400 , the seat belt may be buckled in the seat belt buckle  614 . When buckled, the shoulder portion  604  may be positioned across the passenger&#39;s torso from the passenger&#39;s shoulder to the passenger&#39;s opposite hip, and the lap portion  606  may be positioned across the passenger&#39;s lap from one hip to the opposite hip. In some alternatives, the shoulder portion  604  and the lap portion  606  may be separate seat belts. 
     The back support  406  of the seat may be configured to rotate relative to the base  408  from a reclined position towards the upright position when a force is applied in a forward direction relative to the seat  400  by the shoulder portion  604  of the seat belt  602 . This seat belt force could be applied when the seat belt retractor  620  is locked while the vehicle is experiencing a collision, and the passenger&#39;s body starts to shift at least in part in the direction of arrow  710  as shown in  FIG.  7   . The force of the passenger&#39;s body against the locked seat belt  602  may generate a torque in the direction of arrow  720  at hinge  420  at the base  408  of the seat. 
     The torque generated by this seat belt force may be or exceed a threshold amount of torque and may be greater than the amount of torque that maintains the seat back in its orientation. The threshold amount of torque may be dependent on the mass of the passenger, the angle the seat is reclined, and the position of the seat on its track. For example, for a greater mass of the passenger, a greater amount of torque may be set as the threshold. For a greater reclining angle, a smaller amount of torque may be set as the threshold. For a position farther from the location of impact, a smaller amount of torque may be set as the threshold. 
     The seat metrics and updates to the seat metrics may be tracked by the computing device  110  of the vehicle  100 . The threshold amount of torque may be updated as the mass of the passenger, the position of the passenger in the seat, the angle the set is reclined, and the position of the seat on its track is changed. In other examples, the threshold amount of torque may be updated based on the direction, magnitude, and timing of an expected crash impulse, which may be detected from the perception system  172 , as well as presence of other countermeasures in the vehicle  100 . The presence of countermeasures, such as airbags, may cause the threshold amount of torque to be lowered. The threshold amount of torque may be stored in the memory  130 . In some examples, the threshold amount of torque may be set by applying an amount of resistance on hinge  420 . For instance, the amount of resistance may be increased to effectively increase the threshold amount of torque, or the pressure may be decreased to effectively decrease the threshold amount of torque. In some examples, the resistance may be applied by a mechanical friction brake on the hinge  420  between the back support  406  and the base  408  of the seat. In other examples, hydraulic flow rotary dampers, pneumatic pistons, electromagnetic coils, magnetorheological fluids, or yielding materials (i.e. a piece of material that deforms) may be used to apply the rotation resistance. 
     When the threshold amount of torque is met or exceeded by the generated torque while the back support  406  is reclined, the hinge  420  between the back support  406  and the base  408  of the seat may be configured to unlock in order to allow the back support  406  to move in relation to the base  408  of the seat in response to the torque that is generated by the applied seat belt force. The back support  406  may be configured to rotate to the upright position with some resistance for a period of time during which the generated torque is or exceeds the threshold amount of torque set for the given situation. In this way, the back support  406  may rotate to the upright position in a controlled manner that helps to dissipate energy as the back support  406  moves. The computing device  110  may determine that the threshold amount of torque is met based on the torque generated by the applied seat belt force and unlock the hinge  420 . The computing device  110  may unlock the hinge  420  by decreasing the amount of resistance applied on the hinge  420  such that the net torque on the back support  406  rotates the back support toward the upright position. Some resistance is maintained on the hinge  420  to control the rotation and dissipate energy, which may help to prevent any sudden movements that may cause the passenger to come out of contact with the back support. Alternatively, the threshold amount of torque may be met when the torque generated by the applied seat belt force becomes greater than the amount of resistance, at which point the net torque on the back support  406  may rotate the back support toward the upright position. In some implementations, the computing device  110  may determine that the generated torque exceeds an upper threshold amount and may increase the amount of resistance applied on the hinge  420  to slow the rotation of the back support  406 . The upper threshold amount is higher than the threshold amount of torque. 
     The back support  406  may also be configured to safely lock in the upright position when the back support reaches the upright position. For example, the back support  406  may be configured to lock at an angle of 25 degrees with respect to the vertical plane. Alternatively, the back support  406  may lock in place after the generated torque becomes less than the threshold amount of torque. The computing device  110  may be configured to detect that the back support  406  is in the upright position and lock in the upright position, or the hinge  420  may be configured to automatically lock in the upright position. 
     In some implementations, the hinge  422  may be configured to unlock and rotate in the direction of arrow  730 . The rotation of the hinge  422  may occur according to the rotation of the hinge  420 . For example, the hinge  422  may rotate at the same or similar rate as the hinge  420  is being caused to rotate by the seat belt force. 
     In some cases, the hinge  420  between the back support  406  and the base  408  may be kept locked even when the threshold amount of torque is met or exceeded by the generated torque while the back support  406  is reclined. In one example, a second lock may be manually locked to keep the hinge  420  from moving. In another example, the computing device  110  may receive a user input indicating the hinge  420  should remain locked regardless of whether the threshold amount of torque is met or exceeded. The user input may be used to keep the hinge  420  locked when a carseat or boosterseat is mounted on the seat  400 . 
     The computing device  110  may additionally or alternatively be configured to determine that the hinge  420  should remain locked regardless of whether the threshold amount of torque is met or exceeded. For example, when the mass of the passenger is below a threshold mass, such as when the passenger is a small child, the computing device  110  may determine that the hinge  420  should be kept locked. The computing device  110  may also determine that the hinge  420  should be kept locked based on whether the passenger&#39;s feet reach a particular location on the foot rest  416 . Other seat metrics or data collected by the seat sensor or other sensors in the vehicle may be used for this determination as well. For example, data such as weight distribution, shape of a mass in the seat, etc. may be used to determine whether there is an adult passenger in the seat. 
     Additionally, as shown in  FIGS.  8 A and  8 B , a reinforcement plate  802  may be included below the seat  400  in vehicle  100 . In the event of a crash, the loads from a seat having an integrated seat belt, rather than a seat belt anchored to a B-pillar of the vehicle, are transferred to the floor pan of the vehicle. The reinforcement plate  802  may be mounted on the frame of the vehicle  100  that was designed for a seat with B-pillar seat belt mounts by fastening means, such as bolts, welds, or adhesives. In addition, the reinforcement plate  802  may have a hardness and thickness so that the reinforcement plate may absorb the total forces of the seat having the integrated seat belt, including the seat rotations, without breaking. The hardness and thickness of the reinforcement plate may be determined for a given seat by determining the greatest total amount of loads of the given seat on a floor pan during a crash. The hardness and thickness of the reinforcement plate of the given seat may be selected to withstand the determined greatest total amount of loads for the given seat. Different seats may have different amounts of loads. Therefore the reinforcement plate for different seats may vary in hardness and thickness. As shown in  FIG.  8 B , a reinforcement plate may be assembled below each seat in the vehicle  100 . Alternatively, one large reinforcement plate may be assembled below the all the seats of the vehicle. 
     Example Operations 
     In  FIG.  9   , a flow diagram  900  is shown in accordance with some of operations of the seat  400  described above. While  FIG.  9    shows blocks in a particular order, the order may be varied, and multiple operations may be performed simultaneously. Also, operations may be added or omitted. 
     In operation, at block  910 , a seat in a vehicle may be in a reclined position with the back support locked with respect to a base of the seat during the vehicle&#39;s operation. The reclined position may be when the back support is at an angle greater than 25 degrees from the vertical plane. The seat may have an integrated seat belt. A passenger seated and reclined in the seat may therefore have the seat belt pulled taut over the passenger&#39;s body with the shoulder portion over the passenger&#39;s shoulder and across the passenger&#39;s torso and with the lap portion over the passenger&#39;s lap. 
     At block  920 , a seat belt retractor may lock the seat belt in response to a sudden force forward. The sudden force forward may be, for example, a predetermined minimum amount of force on the seat belt caused by the passenger&#39;s body shifting forward and pushing against the shoulder portion of the seat belt over a brief period of time during a collision. At block  930 , the shoulder portion of the seat belt may continue to receive a forward force, for instance caused by the passenger&#39;s body against the seat belt. The forward force from the passenger&#39;s body may continue as the collision continues to unfold. At block  940 , the force on the shoulder portion of the seat belt may generate a torque at the hinge between the back support and the base of the seat. 
     At block  950 , when the generated torque exceeds a threshold amount of torque, the back support may be unlocked to rotate forward in relation to the base of the seat in response to the applied force. At block  960 , as the back support rotates forward, resistance may be applied at the hinge to control the rotation of the back support and to dissipate energy. At block  970 , when the back support reaches an upright position, the seat back may lock, preventing further rotation. The upright position may be when the back support is between 0 and 25 degrees, inclusive, from the vertical plane. Additionally, the back support may lock when the generated torque becomes less than the threshold amount of torque. 
     The features described herein may provide for a system for moving seats in a vehicle to absorb crash energy and keep a passenger properly restrained during a collision. Should a collision occur, a passenger may be less seriously injured because the interaction between the restraint system and the passenger has been better optimized in a matter that lessens deceleration forces and limits unwanted passenger kinematics that could lead to injury. Medical bills may be less expensive as a result, and potential liability to vehicle owners may be reduced. In addition, seating system may also experience less acceleration from the collision and therefore may require fewer repairs or otherwise be more likely to be usable after the collision. Because these features involve an in-seat restraint system, more untraditional seating arrangements may be used in vehicles. Overall, the described features may increase passenger comfort without compromising safety. 
     Unless otherwise stated, the foregoing alternative examples are not mutually exclusive, but may be implemented in various combinations to achieve unique advantages. As these and other variations and combinations of the features discussed above can be utilized without departing from the subject matter defined by the claims, the foregoing description of the embodiments should be taken by way of illustration rather than by way of limitation of the subject matter defined by the claims. In addition, the provision of the examples described herein, as well as clauses phrased as “such as,” “including” and the like, should not be interpreted as limiting the subject matter of the claims to the specific examples; rather, the examples are intended to illustrate only one of many possible embodiments. Further, the same reference numbers in different drawings can identify the same or similar elements.