Patent Publication Number: US-2010109313-A1

Title: Binding of stacked flat parts

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(a) of German Patent Application No. 20 2008 013 909.0 filed Oct. 17, 2008 and of German Patent Application No. 10 2009 025 105.7 filed Jun. 11, 2009, the disclosures of which are expressly incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention relates to a method for the binding of stacked flat parts, in particular sheets of paper, provided with perforations. Furthermore, the invention relates to an apparatus for the binding of stacked flat parts, in particular sheets of paper, provided with perforations, as well as bound flat parts, in particular sheets of paper. 
     2. Discussion of Background Information 
     Blocks or stacked flat parts made of paper or the like, such as brochures, user&#39;s guides, calendars, notepads, etc., should they need to be opened, will be bound with a binding comb or the like. 
     Moreover, it is known that stacks of paper like writing or note pads using glue strips or wire combs or the like are bound together on one side. 
     For example, European Patent No. EP-B-0 704 322 describes a binding comb for holding together a stack of sheets, wherein the back part and fingers of the binding comb are disclosed as a single-layer, one-piece plastic binder, which is produced in an injection molding process. 
     Moreover, International Publication No. WO-A-2006/090644 discloses a multi-layer, one-piece paper comb binder with ring-like loops. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Starting from this state of the art, the invention provides a simple and fixed binding of paper layers or respectively paper stacks. According to the invention, a non-mixed binding can be provided. 
     Accordingly, the invention is directed to a method for the binding of stacked flat parts, in particular sheets of paper. The flat parts are provided with several perforations for the receipt of fingers or respectively tongue-like sections of an outer sheet, and an outer sheet with several or respectively a plurality of fingers is provided and the fingers of the outer sheet are or will be provided in a predetermined area with an adhesive. The fingers are inserted into the perforations of the stacked flat parts such that the fingers will be or are bent as a loop in a spiral-like manner like a coiled roll, and a preferably adhesive-free area of each finger is brought into overlapping contact with an area of the respective finger provided with adhesive. 
     The invention is based on the idea that an outer sheet, e.g., a base sheet with integrated fingers or respectively binding tongues or the like are provided as single pieces, such that the binding tongues are arranged on one side of a base area of the base sheet. The base area of this outer sheet or respectively the base sheet or cover sheet thereby corresponds with this base area of the paper sheets or respectively flat parts to be joined. Due to the fact that the fingers or respectively the binding tongues are part of an outer sheet and protrude from the base area of the outer sheet at a right angle and parallel to each other. A single-substance outer sheet can be provided so that, for example, when the base area of the outer sheet is made of paper, the tongues or respectively binding fingers or loops or the like are also made of the same material, preferably cellulose, i.e., paper or cardboard. 
     In this case, no disassembling processes are to be executed for the recycling of a bound writing pad made only of paper, which are otherwise necessary for example in the case of a wire comb binder of a writing pad with a wire comb made of metal. 
     Within the framework of the invention, it is conceivable that other substances or respectively materials, such as plastic, can be used for the outer sheet with the fingers as well as for the flat parts. Again, the outer sheet with the fingers is made of a single substance. Also in this case, no disassembling processes are to be executed for the recycling of a bound writing pad e.g., made only of plastic, which are otherwise necessary for example in the case of a wire comb binder of a writing pad with a wire comb made of metal. 
     The fingers or respectively binding tongues preferably have the same material strength or respectively material thickness as the base area of the outer sheet. Within the framework of the invention, it is also possible that the fingers or binding tongues arranged on the outer sheet and the outer sheet have different thicknesses. Moreover, in another embodiment, the fingers can also have different thicknesses. 
     Moreover, another idea of the invention is based on the fact that during the formation of the binding, a loop binding, or a type of roll loop binding is designed on one side of the flat parts to be joined, since the fingers or respectively binding tongues of the outer sheet, which will be or are rolled up like a loop, are joined together in a contact area. In this overlapping contact area, the binding tongues or respectively the fingers of the outer sheet are designed like a single roll or respectively a multiple spiral-like rolling. A type of single loop or multiple loops, in particular double loop, is hereby created. A first outer area of the fingers, which is adhesive-free or provided with an adhesive, is thereby brought in overlapping contact with a second area of the respective finger provided with adhesive. In one embodiment, a reactivatable or respectively activatable adhesive is applied to the fingers on both sides of the outer sheet, preferably in advance. 
     According to the invention, a rolled-up loop binding, for example for calendars or for writing pads, is thus provided. The loop binding is made of the same material, for example paper or cardboard, as the material of the entire outer sheet or respectively base or cover sheet. In particular, this type of single-material binding as a comb binding or also as a multiple-loop binding is provided according to the requirements of the binding. Moreover, the comb binding or respectively loop binding can be an integral part of the outer sheet or respectively the base sheet or the cover sheet and can thus comprise one piece. 
     In an alternative solution, a method for the binding of stacked flat parts, in particular sheets of paper, is also suggested. The flat parts are provided with perforations for the receipt of fingers or respectively binding tongues of an outer sheet, such that an outer sheet with several fingers is provided and the preferably adhesive-free fingers of the outer sheet are inserted into the perforations of the stacked flat parts such that the fingers will be or are bent in a spiral manner like a rolled-up roll. One area of the fingers is brought in overlapping contact with another area, and the overlapping contact areas of the respective fingers are then permanently joined together, preferably by radiation energy and further preferably by the introduction of heat. 
     Within the framework of the invention, a non-detachable connection is a permanent and preferably wear-resistant connection, which is preferably not non-destructive in the case of the opening or respectively releasing of the connection. 
     During the loop formation in the above-noted method, i.e., during the insertion of the binding tongues into the perforations of the flat parts to be joined together and during the bending of the fingers or respectively binding tongues due to the already existing adhesive mass onto the respective fingers on the inside, areas of the fingers are joined together. In a further method according to the invention, the fingers, which are first inserted into the perforations of the flat parts to be joined together, are designed in an overlapping area in a loop-like or rolled-up manner, and the overlapping contact areas of the respective fingers are then joined together in an unreleasable or respectively permanent manner. It is for example conceivable that an additional material is inserted into the outer sheet or base or cover sheet material, which reacts in the contact area and hardens after the loop formation through application of microwaves, UV radiation or laser beams or IR radiation or respectively heat, as well as through ultrasound application or the like. Within the framework of the invention, a welding is also possible for the formation of an unreleasable loop binding. A stable loop binding or respectively binding for a writing or respectively note pad loop is hereby also provided. 
     In accordance with the invention, the binding loops or respectively fingers are arranged or respectively cut out on one side of the outer sheet, i.e. of the base sheet or of the cover sheet, wherein the length of the fingers for the bindings is measured such that a predetermined joint overlapping area is created during the formation of the binding loop, i.e. during the screwing of the fingers into the perforations of the flat parts. Through the cutting of the uncoiled fingers or respectively loop tongues, it is possible to create different loop diameters, wherein it is possible to bind paper layers with different thicknesses with one outer sheet with corresponding fingers. 
     Moreover, one embodiment of the method is characterized in that the outer sheet for the stacked flat parts is conveyed flat. During the conveyance of the outer sheet onto the fingers or respectively binding tongues of the outer sheet adhesive will be or is applied and the outer free ends of the fingers are inserted into the perforations of the flat parts, which are brought in contact with the areas of the fingers provided with adhesive under further conveyance of the outer sheet. The loop binding of the fingers is hereby fixed, and the formed loop is immobilized preferably with adhesive at the transition point, such that bound material or respectively flat parts of the stack are prevented from being removed from the formed loop, since a permanent and unreleasable connection is formed in the contact area of the rolled-up fingers or respectively binding tongues. 
     Furthermore, it is provided in accordance with an advantageous embodiment of the method that the adhesive is applied to the inside of the fingers of the outer sheet, in particular next to the base area of the outer sheet. In this way, the outer free ends of the fingers or respectively the end areas of the fingers are bent or curved into the perforations of the flat parts during the insertion process and are brought into contact with the adhesive area designed on the finger after the formation of a complete loop. It is particularly advantageous if a reactivatable adhesive is employed or respectively used as the adhesive. Potential adhesive contamination during the binding process is hereby advantageously prevented or respectively avoided. 
     In order to achieve a simple insertion of the fingers or respectively binding tongues of the outer sheet, it is also provided that the flat parts to be joined are or will be arranged pushed up against each other before production of the bound stack so that the perforations of the flat parts, preferably in cross-section, are arranged in a curved or semi-circular manner so that the perforations of the surface form a type of bent channel for the binding tongues. 
     Moreover, it is advantageous in an embodiment if adhesive is applied to the fingers in sections during a conveyance, preferably a linear conveyance, of the flat outer sheet before insertion of the fingers into the perforations of the flat parts. In particular, the adhesive is thereby applied to the inside of the fingers or respectively binding tongues of the outer sheet, which is assigned to the stacked or respectively bound flat parts after formation of the ring- or respectively loop-like binding. The adhesive is hereby applied in the root area of the fingers between the base area of the outer sheet and the outer free ends or respectively end sections of the fingers. The outer free ends or respectively end sections of the fingers, which are first inserted into the perforations, are adhesive-free. 
     In one embodiment, it is possible that the outer free ends or respectively the end sections of the fingers are coated with a reactivatable adhesive or respectively glue, which only reacts after the loop binding and through the application of energy, e.g., heat energy, and thereby first softens and then hardens to achieve an unreleasable connection of the formed loops. The reactivatable adhesive can thereby be applied to one or both sides of the fingers. 
     In a further embodiment, it is conceivable that the outer ends or respectively end sections of the fingers have a preferably included or integrated additive such as a sealer or the like, which only reacts after the loop binding and after a corresponding activation by the application of energy and thereby hardens in order to achieve an unreleasable connection of the formed loops. 
     Moreover, the method is characterized in that during the insertion of the fingers into the perforations of the flat parts the base area of the outer sheet, on which the fingers are arranged, and the stacked flat parts are or will be arranged tilted towards each other, whereby the loop formation or respectively the insertion of the fingers into the perforations is facilitated. 
     The invention is directed to an apparatus for the binding of stacked flat parts, in particular sheets of paper, with preferably metal-free binding elements. The flat parts are provided with perforations, which are further characterized in that a finger insertion device for the insertion of fingers of an outer sheet is provided for the flat parts such that the fingers are or will be bent in a spiral-like manner or respectively bent in a rolled up manner and an area of the fingers inserted into the perforations of the flat parts will be or is brought in overlapping contact with another area of the respective finger. A conveyor device for the conveyance of the outer sheet designed as one-piece with fingers is provided so that one outer sheet can be conveyed to the finger insertion device, and the finger insertion device is provided with a receiver for a stack of flat parts to be bound. The binding elements provided for the binding are thereby designed as a plurality of fingers or respectively binding tongues, which engage with the perforations of the flat parts or are brought to engage with the perforations. In particular, the binding means is designed as an outer sheet with fingers arranged on it. 
     When using the apparatus together with a stack of flat parts to be bound and an outer sheet with corresponding fingers or respectively binding tongues, it is possible to design a permanent binding of the flat parts. 
     Moreover, the apparatus is characterized in that a finger connecting device is arranged on the finger insertion device such that in particular the finger insertion device has a binding loop forming device and/or a guide shell. In this way, the overlapping contact areas of the rolled up fingers are joined together. A type of loop forming apparatus is hereby designed, such that the outer sheet is conveyed with the integrated fingers or respectively binding tongues and is curved into or inserted into the perforation of the flat parts by the finger insertion device. In particular, the binding loop forming device has one or several guide shells, wherein in one embodiment at least one guide shell is provided for each finger or a binding tongue of an outer sheet. 
     In one embodiment, the apparatus is also characterized in that an adhesive application device is arranged on the conveyor device so that adhesive can be applied to each area of the fingers of the outer sheet. 
     For this, it is also provided that the adhesive application device applies adhesive along the adhesive application device during the conveyance of the outer sheet. 
     Furthermore, one embodiment of the apparatus is characterized in that the conveyor device for the outer sheet is designed as a suction belt conveyor that can be supplied with negative pressure from a negative pressure source and/or has a cam belt and/or a suction belt feedboard. 
     The invention is also directed to bound flat parts, in particular sheets of paper. An outer sheet has several fingers, preferably arranged parallel and/or next to each other, and the fingers of an outer sheet are arranged in perforations of the stacked flat parts. The fingers are bent in a spiral-like manner or rolled (up) and one area of the fingers is brought in overlapping contact with another area of the respective finger, and the fingers are unreleasably joined together in the contact area of the fingers, which can be obtained through the execution of the method described above, in particular using an apparatus described above. Moreover, the above explanations for the method and for the apparatus are expressly referred to herein in order to avoid repetitions. 
     For this, it is also provided that the outer sheet and the fingers of the outer sheet are made essentially of the same non-metallic, single-layer material and/or essentially have the same thickness. 
     It is in particular beneficial when, in the case of the bound flat parts, the outer sheet and the fingers of the outer sheet and the flat parts are made or produced of the same material. 
     The invention is directed to a method for binding stacked flat parts provided with perforations. The method includes applying an adhesive to a predetermined area of fingers of an outer sheet, and inserting the fingers into the perforations by bending the fingers in a spiral manner. 
     According to embodiments of the invention, the flat parts can include sheets of paper, a portion of each finger may be adhesive free, and the bending of the fingers in a spiral manner can include overlapping the adhesive free portion and the predetermined area of the finger with applied adhesive. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the present invention, the adhesive can be applied to the predetermined area of the fingers during the conveyance of the outer sheet, and outer free ends of the fingers may be inserted into the perforations and brought into contact with the predetermined areas of the fingers provided with adhesive as the outer sheet is further conveyed. 
     According to further embodiments, the predetermined area can be located on an inside of the fingers and next to a base area of the outer sheet. 
     Still further, before binding, the method can further include forming the perforations in the stacked flat parts into a curved channel. 
     According to other embodiments of the instant invention, the applying the adhesive may include applying adhesive to the fingers in sections during a linear conveyance of the outer sheet. 
     According to still other embodiments of the invention, during the inserting of the fingers, the stacked flat parts may be tilted with respect to a base area of the outer sheet. 
     The invention is directed to a method for binding stacked flat parts provided with perforations, in which the stacked flat parts include sheets of paper and the method includes inserting fingers of an outer sheet into the perforations by bending the fingers in a spiral manner to form a contact area in which one area of the fingers overlaps another area of the fingers, and permanently joining the areas in the contact area. 
     In accordance with embodiments of the instant invention, the fingers inserted into the perforations may be adhesive free, and the areas in the contact area can be permanently joined by radiation energy. Further, the areas in the contact may be permanently joined by heating. 
     The invention is directed to an apparatus for binding together stacked flat parts with at least one metal-free binding element, in which the flat parts include paper sheets and have perforations. The apparatus includes a finger insertion device structured and arranged to bend and insert fingers of an outer sheet into the perforations in a spiral manner such that an area of the fingers overlaps another area of respective fingers, and a conveyor structured and arranged to convey the outer sheet with fingers the finger insertion device. The finger insertion device has a receiver structured and arranged to receive a stack of flat parts to be bound together. 
     According to an embodiment of the invention, the apparatus may further include a finger connecting device arranged on the finger insertion device to join together the overlapping areas of the fingers. The finger insertion device can include at least one of a binding loop forming device and a guide shell. 
     In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, the apparatus can further include an adhesive application device arranged on the conveyor to apply adhesive to an area of the fingers. The adhesive application device can apply the adhesive to the area of the fingers during conveyance of the outer sheet. 
     According to other embodiments of the invention, the conveyor can include a suction belt conveyor that at least one of is supplied with negative pressure from a negative pressure source, has a cam tape, and has a suction tape feedboard. 
     In accordance with still other embodiments, bound flat parts are formed according to the above-described method. The bound flat parts include an outer sheet having several fingers bent in a spiral manner to extend through perforations in stacked flat parts. One area of the fingers overlapping another area of the fingers is unreleasably joined together in a contact area of the fingers. 
     According to embodiments, the stacked flat parts may include sheets of paper and the fingers can be arranged at least one of parallel and/or next to each other. 
     Further, the outer sheet and the fingers may be made essentially of a same non-metallic, single-layer material and essentially have a same thickness. 
     In accordance with still yet other embodiments of the present invention, the outer sheet and the fingers can be made or produced from a same material. 
     Further characteristics of the invention will become apparent from the description of the embodiments according to the invention together with the claims and the included drawings. Embodiments according to the invention can fulfill individual characteristics or a combination of several characteristics. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention is described below, without restricting the general intent of the invention, based on an exemplary embodiment, wherein we expressly refer to the figures with regard to the disclosure of all details according to the invention that are not explained in greater detail in the text. The drawings show in: 
         FIG. 1  schematically illustrates a lateral view of a binding apparatus for the production of bound sheets of paper; 
         FIG. 2  schematically illustrates a detailed view of the apparatus in one cut; 
         FIG. 3  schematically illustrates a working position of the binding apparatus; 
         FIGS. 4   a  and  4   b  schematically illustrate a simply screwed in or respectively produced binding loop; 
         FIGS. 5   a  and  5   b  schematically illustrate a double screwed in or respectively produced binding loop; 
         FIG. 6  schematically illustrates a part of the binding apparatus for removal of a bound paper stack; 
         FIG. 7  schematically illustrates another working position at the binding apparatus; 
         FIG. 8  a top view of the top of the binding apparatus with the loop forming device omitted; 
         FIG. 9  schematically illustrates a top view of a sheet of paper of a stack of paper to be bound; and 
         FIGS. 10   a  and  10   b  schematically illustrate a top view of an outer sheet or respectively base sheet with binding tongues with different lengths. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION 
     The particulars shown herein are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of the embodiments of the present invention only and are presented in the cause of providing what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the present invention. In this regard, no attempt is made to show structural details of the present invention in more detail than is necessary for the fundamental understanding of the present invention, the description taken with the drawings making apparent to those skilled in the art how the several forms of the present invention may be embodied in practice. 
     In the following figures, the same or similar types of elements or respectively corresponding parts are provided with the same reference numbers in order to prevent the item from needing to be reintroduced. 
       FIG. 1  shows a schematic view of the structure of a binding apparatus  10  for the binding of a stack  14  of several sheets of paper. 
     Stack  14  includes several sheets of paper, which are schematically shown from the top in  FIG. 9 . A sheet of paper  140  shown in  FIG. 9  has a right-angle base area, and several perforation holes  141  are designed in the (upper) edge area. Perforation holes  141  are designed as drawn-out slits, such that a type of slit-like channel is formed through perforation holes  141  in the case of a block-wise arrangement or respectively stack-wise arrangement of several sheets of paper  140 . 
     Stack  14  of sheets of paper shown schematically in  FIG. 1  is arranged on a tilted supporting table  19  with a fitted cover sheet  142  on the top side. 
     A binding apparatus  10  has a horizontally aligned conveyor table  30 , which is arranged below the supporting table  19 . In order to position paper stack  14  together with cover sheet  142  on tilted supporting table  19 , one or respectively more pivotable stack formers  21  is or are arranged on the bottom end of supporting table  19  with partially circular contact surfaces for paper stack  14 , so that perforations  141  of paper stack  14  form a partially circular channel in cross-section. 
     Stack formers  21  have a nose-like protrusion  121  on the top side, to which a height or respectively thickness of paper stack  14  to be bound may be restricted. Stack formers  21  are arranged on a pivot arm  122  so that stack formers  21  can be pivoted down and away. 
     Moreover, supporting table  19  has corresponding lateral guide plates  20  located to act together with the stack formers  21  in order to exactly position paper stack  14 , so that perforations  141  of paper stack  14  form the slit-like channels with a predetermined radius of curvature. 
     A binding loop forming device  22 , which is arranged above the bottom end of the supporting table  19  or above stack formers  21 , is designed in a pivotable manner on a support or frame arm  125 . In  FIG. 1 , binding loop forming device  22  is shown in a pivoted up position, and can be pivoted over the frame point (see  FIG. 2 ) until it is arranged concentrically with stack formers  21 . 
     Moreover, conveyor table  30  of binding apparatus  10  has perforated suction belts  12 , which are conveyed over outer rollers  32 ,  33 . A suction plate  11  is arranged below suction belts  12  in order to supply suction belts  12  or respectively a base sheet  15  arranged on suction belts  12  with negative pressure via a negative pressure connection  18 . Base sheet  15  is hereby arranged above or respectively on a suction belt  12 , and a stop  35  is arranged to be moved with the suction belts  12 . Stop  35 , as depicted on the outer right edge of the suction belt  12  in  FIG. 1 , and can be moved back and forth on conveyor table  30  in order to move base sheet  15  on conveyor table  30 . 
       FIGS. 10   a  and  10   b  both show different schematic views of a base sheet  15 . Base sheets  15  have a rectangular base area like the sheets of paper (see  FIG. 9 , reference number  140 ), and the base area of base sheets  15  mainly corresponds with the base area of the sheets of paper  140  to be bound. Within the framework of the invention, it is also provided to process base sheets  15 , which have a multi-side edge area protruding in particular on three sides. 
     As can be seen from  FIGS. 10   a ,  10   b , tongue-like fingers or respective binding tongues  151 , which are arranged on a longitudinal side of each of the base sheets  15 , are to be inserted into the perforations  141  of the sheets of paper  140 . For this, binding tongues  151  are arranged at the spots where perforation holes  141  are designed in the sheet of paper  140 . 
     In order to insert binding tongues  151  of base sheet  15  into the partially circularly designed channels of perforation holes  141  of stacked sheets  14  of paper, a base sheet  15  is arranged on each of the suction belts  12  of binding apparatus  10  according to  FIG. 1 . Initially, however, binding tongues  151  are not yet glued. 
     Using the binding apparatus  10  in  FIG. 1 , base sheets  15  are arranged such that binding tongues  151  are arranged on the side facing away from stop  35  so that binding tongues  151  point in the direction of supporting table  19  or respectively stack forming units  21 . 
     Suction plate  11  is joined with a negative pressure source via a negative pressure connection  18  so that base sheet  15  is held on suction belts  12  through application of negative pressure. 
     In the case of a linear movement from left to right, as depicted in  FIG. 1 , binding tongues  151  are first conveyed under one or more glue nozzles  16  above conveyor table  30 , so that binding tongues  151  are each provided with a trace of glue  152 . The outer ends of binding tongues  151  are hereby not provided with glue or respectively with an adhesive, while the areas of bonding tongues  151  adjacent to the base area of base sheet  15  are provided with glue. The glue is conveyed to the glue nozzles  16  via a glue feed line  17 . 
     Reference number  152  in  FIGS. 10   a ,  10   b  shows the adhesive application areas or respectively glue traces  152  on binding tongues  151 . The base area of base sheets  15  thereby remains adhesive- or respectively glue-free. 
     The length and the quantity of glue traces  152  on binding tongues  151  can depend on the length of binding tongues  151  and the preferred shape of the loops to be formed for the binding of paper stack  14 . 
       FIG. 2  shows a detailed view of a working position of the binding loop forming device  22 . Guide shells  23  are inserted into pre-punched perforations  141  or respectively the pre-punched binding slits of the sheets of paper  140  of stack  14  after the pivoting in of binding loop forming device  22  and the actuation of a control lever  24 . Stack formers  21  can then pivoted down and away. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , a gap  40  is designed between a bottom side of supporting table  19  and suction belt  12  of conveyor table  30  or respectively between the ends of guide shells  23  and suction belt  12 . Through this gap  40 , base sheet  15  is guided with binding tongues  151 . Each of the base sheets  15  arranged on suction belts  12  are conveyed in the direction of binding loop forming device  22  by moveable stop  35 . At the beginning radius of guide shells  23  of binding loop forming device  22 , the negative pressure on suction belts  12  will be or respectively is interrupted so that binding tongues  151  run into the circular guide shells  23  and are bent or rolled, as shown in  FIG. 3 . 
     Guide shells  23  take on the shape of the sheets of paper  140  of stack  14  on the outer radius during the formation of the loops and guide the inserted binding tongues  151  on the inner radius during the formation of the loops. 
     During the conveyance on suction belt  12 , base sheet  15  is conveyed below glue nozzles  16  with its inside or respectively with its binding tongues  151  so that that binding tongues  151  are provided with a trace of glue  152  (see  FIGS. 10   a ,  10   b ). A specified area of binding tongues  151  is hereby sprayed or respectively provided with a predetermined glue pattern in order to then be bent after insertion of binding tongues  151  into the channels formed by perforation holes  141  along guide shells  23 . Under continuous transport of base sheet  15 , the front ends of binding tongues  151  are conveyed by 360° on a circular track, so that the front ends of binding tongues  151  are brought into contact with glue track  152  applied on the inside of the binding tongues  151 . In this manner, an unreleasable loop or a respective binding loop is formed. 
       FIG. 3  shows the working situation, in which base sheet  15  with the integrated binding tongues  151  on suction belts  12  is inserted into binding loop forming device  22 . Due to the curvature of guide shells  23 , binding tongues  151  lie against the inside of guide shells  23  and are thus inserted through the slit-like channel or respectively the slit-like channels, which is or are formed through the perforations of paper stack  14 . 
       FIG. 4   a  shows schematically a single curved-in binding loop, which is shown enlarged in  FIG. 4   b  with paper stack  14  omitted. As can be seen from  FIG. 4   b , the front end of binding tongue  151  is designed with glue trace  152  in an overlapping contact area  153 . 
       FIG. 5   a  or respectively  5   b  show a schematic cross-section of a double curved-in or respectively designed binding loop. In the enlarged representation in accordance with  FIG. 5   b , paper stack  14  was also omitted for the sake of clarity. In the case of the binding loop formed in accordance with  FIGS. 5   a ,  5   b , the contact area or glue trace  152  is designed over a circumference of 360°. Depending on the material strength of base sheet  15  or binding tongues  151 , the stability of the formed loops can be increased. 
     In the case of the double loop shown according to  FIGS. 5   a ,  5   b , the pivoted-in guide shells  23  can be pivoted back before the formation of the double loop, since an already created single loop takes over as the guide of the inner loop for the double loop. The binding loops produced according to the invention are designed with a spiral-like cross-section, and the contact area or respectively the length of the glue trace is selected or respectively predetermined according to the desired binding loop shape. 
     After the formation of a loop, binding loop forming device  22  is pivoted away as is shown schematically in  FIG. 6 . Bound paper stack  14 , together with the loop formed by binding tongues  151  of base sheet  15 , is then completely removed from binding apparatus  10 , as schematically shown in  FIG. 7 . 
       FIG. 8  shows a schematic top view of binding apparatus  10 , in which the binding loop forming device has been omitted for the sake of clarity. As can be seen in  FIG. 8 , conveyor table  30  has lateral guide plates or guide rails  13  in order to ensure a secure positioning of base sheet  15  on suction tapes or belts. 
       FIG. 8  also shows a base sheet  15  having binding tongues  151  illustrated in dashed lines below supporting table  19 . Moreover, glue nozzles  16 , also illustrated in dashed lines, apply a trace of glue  152  (see  FIG. 10   a ) in a root area of binding tongues  151 . 
     As can be further seen from  FIG. 8 , stack formers  21  are arranged between suction belts  12  or guide shells  23  of binding loop forming device  22 . 
     In accordance with the invention, pre-punched flat parts, such as sheets of paper, are bound with binding loops that are integrated in or respectively on the base sheet, cover sheet, or respective outer sheet. According to the described binding type, e.g., single loop or double loop, the lengths and the number of binding tongues on the base sheet or cover sheet are cut out and then shaped into a loop on the flat part stack to be bound by binding loop forming device  22  and screwed into the flat part stack. 
     Moreover, it is possible within the framework of the invention that the material for the base sheet or the cover sheet with the integrated binding tongues can include substances that, after formation of a binding loop and when exposed to a radiation source, reduce the flexibility of the material. In this manner, the state of the loop is retained and a firm writing pad or the like is simultaneously achieved. 
     Through the cutting of the binding tongues and the more or less curving or screwing into the binding loop, different loop diameters are created. In this way, different paper layer thicknesses can be bound with fewer cuts in the base or cover sheets. Furthermore, the formed binding loops on the transfer point are immobilized with adhesive after 360°, and the material bound by the binding loops or respectively the bound stack cannot be removed from the binding loop later on. 
     Furthermore, it is possible within the framework of the invention that the outer sheet, i.e., the base sheet or cover sheet, is designed in a rounded manner in particular at the spots that are formed for the binding loop. This creates a good gliding behavior through the loop former. 
     Moreover, it is possible within the framework of the invention that a magazine is provided on the binding apparatus for the base sheets or outer sheets, so that an automatic work process is achieved on the binding apparatus. 
     All named characteristics, including those taken from the drawings alone, and individual characteristics, which are disclosed in combination with other characteristics, are considered alone and in combination as important to the invention. Embodiments according to the invention can be fulfilled through individual characteristics or a combination of several characteristics. 
     LIST OF REFERENCES 
       10  Binding apparatus 
       11  Suction plate 
       12  Suction belt 
       13  Guide plates 
       14  Stack 
       15  Base sheet 
       16  Glue nozzle 
       17  Glue feed line 
       18  Negative pressure connection 
       19  Supporting table 
       20  Guide plate 
       21  Stack formers 
       22  Binding loop forming device 
       23  Guide shell 
       24  Control lever 
       30  Conveyor table 
       32  Roll 
       33  Roll 
       35  Stop 
       40  Gap 
       121  Protrusion 
       122  Pivot arm 
       125  Support arm 
       140  Sheet of paper 
       141  Perforation holes 
       142  Cover Sheet 
       151  Binding tongues 
       152  Glue trace