Patent Publication Number: US-2011052795-A1

Title: Thin film deposition apparatus and method of manufacturing organic light-emitting display device by using the same

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of Korean Application Nos. 10-2009-0081978, filed on Sep. 1, 2009 and 10-2010-0014274, filed on Feb. 17, 2010, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     Aspects of the present invention relate to a thin film deposition apparatus and a method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting display device by using the same, and more particularly, to a thin film deposition apparatus that can be simply applied to manufacture large-sized display devices on a mass scale and that improves manufacturing yield, and a method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting display device by using the thin film deposition apparatus. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Organic light-emitting display devices have a larger viewing angle, better contrast characteristics, and a faster response rate than other display devices, and thus have drawn attention as a next-generation display device. 
     Organic light-emitting display devices generally have a stacked structure including an anode, a cathode, and an emission layer interposed between the anode and the cathode. The devices display images in color when holes and electrons, injected respectively from the anode and the cathode, recombine in the emission layer such that light is emitted. However, it is difficult to achieve high light-emission efficiency with such a structure, and thus intermediate layers, including an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer, or the like, may be additionally interposed between the emission layer and one or both of the electrodes. 
     Also, it is very difficult in practice to form fine patterns in organic thin films such as the emission layer and the intermediate layers, and red, green, and blue light-emission efficiency varies according to characteristics of the organic thin films. For these reasons, it is not easy to form an organic thin film pattern on a large substrate, such as a mother glass having a size of 5 G or more, by using a conventional thin film deposition apparatus, and thus it is difficult to manufacture large organic light-emitting display devices having satisfactory driving voltage, current density, brightness, color purity, light-emission efficiency, life-span characteristics. Thus, there is a desire for improvement in this regard. 
     An organic light-emitting display device includes intermediate layers, including an emission layer disposed between a first electrode and a second electrode that are arranged opposite to each other. The interlayer and the first and second electrodes may be formed using a variety of methods, one of which is a deposition method. When an organic light-emitting display device is manufactured by using the deposition method, a fine metal mask (FMM) having the same pattern as a thin film to be formed is disposed to closely contact a substrate, and a thin film material is deposited over the FMM in order to form the thin film having the desired pattern. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Aspects of the present invention provide a thin film deposition apparatus that may be easily manufactured, that may be simply applied to manufacture large-sized display devices on a mass scale and that allows high-definition patterning, and a method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting display device by using the thin film deposition apparatus. 
     According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a thin film deposition apparatus including: an electrostatic chuck that fixes a substrate on which a deposition material is to be deposited; a blocking member that is disposed at a side of the substrate fixed on the electrostatic chuck and that covers at least a portion of the substrate; and a deposition unit comprising a chamber and at least one thin film deposition assembly disposed in the chamber to deposit a thin film on the substrate fixed on the electrostatic chuck. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the blocking member may cover an area of the substrate in which no layers are to be formed. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the blocking member may cover a border portion of the substrate. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, at least a portion of the substrate may be interposed between the electrostatic chuck and the blocking member. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the blocking member may include a frame including an open area and a blocking sheet attached to a side of the frame and covering at least a portion of the substrate. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, a magnet may be disposed at the electrostatic chuck and a magnetic substance may be disposed at the blocking member, or the magnet substance may be disposed at the electrostatic chuck and the magnet may be disposed at the blocking member so that the blocking member is fixed on the electrostatic chuck due to a magnetic force between the magnet and the magnetic substance. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the thin film deposition apparatus may further include: a loading unit that fixes the substrate on which a deposition material is to be deposited onto the electrostatic chuck; an unloading unit that separates the substrate on which deposition has been performed from the electrostatic chuck; a first circulation unit that sequentially moves the electrostatic chuck on which the substrate is fixed to the loading unit, from the loading unit to the deposition unit, and from the deposition unit to the unloading unit; and a second circulation unit that returns the electrostatic chuck, after the electrostatic chuck has been separated from the substrate by the unloading unit, to the loading unit, wherein the first circulation unit is disposed to pass through the chamber while traversing the deposition unit. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, a plurality of thin film deposition assemblies may be disposed in the chamber. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the chamber may include a first chamber and a second chamber, wherein each of the first chamber and the second chamber has at least one thin film deposition assembly disposed therein, and wherein the first chamber and the second chamber may be connected to each other. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the thin film deposition assembly may include: a deposition source that discharges a deposition material; a deposition source nozzle unit disposed at a side of the deposition source and including a plurality of deposition source nozzles arranged in a first direction; a patterning slit sheet disposed opposite to and spaced apart from the deposition source nozzle unit and including a plurality of patterning slits arranged in the first direction; and a barrier wall assembly disposed between the deposition source nozzle unit and the patterning slit sheet, and including a plurality of barrier walls in the first direction that partition a space between the deposition source nozzle unit and the patterning slit sheet into a plurality of sub-deposition spaces, and wherein the thin film deposition assembly is spaced apart from the substrate, and the thin film deposition assembly and the substrate are movable relative to each other. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the patterning slit sheet of the thin film deposition assembly may be smaller than the substrate. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, each of the plurality of barrier walls may extend in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the plurality of barrier walls may be arranged at equal intervals. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the barrier wall assembly may include a first barrier wall assembly including a plurality of first barrier walls, and a second barrier wall assembly including a plurality of second barrier walls. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, each of the first barrier walls and each of the second barrier walls may extend in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the first barrier walls may be arranged to respectively correspond to the second barrier walls. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, each pair of the corresponding first and second barrier walls may be arranged on substantially the same plane. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the deposition source and the barrier wall assembly may be spaced apart from each other. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the barrier wall assembly may be spaced apart from the patterning slit sheet. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the chamber includes a plurality of thin film deposition assemblies and wherein deposition materials contained in the deposition sources of the plurality of thin film deposition assemblies may be continuously deposited on the substrate while the substrate and the thin film deposition assembly are moved relative to each other. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the thin film deposition assembly and the substrate may be movable relative to each other along a plane parallel to a surface of the substrate on which the deposition materials are deposited. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the thin film deposition assembly may include: a deposition source that discharges a deposition material; a deposition source nozzle unit disposed at a side of the deposition source and including a plurality of deposition source nozzles arranged in a first direction; and a patterning slit sheet disposed opposite to the deposition source nozzle unit and including a plurality of patterning slits arranged in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and wherein deposition is performed while the substrate and the thin film deposition assembly are moved relative to each other in the first direction, and wherein the deposition source, the deposition source nozzle unit, and the patterning slit sheet are formed integrally with each other. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the deposition source and the deposition source nozzle unit, and the patterning slit sheet may be connected to each other by a connection member. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the connection member may guide movement of the discharged deposition material. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the connection member may seal a space between the deposition source and the deposition source nozzle unit, and the patterning slit sheet. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the thin film deposition assembly may be separated from the substrate by a predetermined distance. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the deposition material discharged from the thin film deposition assembly may be continuously deposited on the substrate while the substrate and the thin film deposition assembly are moved relative to each other in the first direction. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the patterning slit sheet of the thin film deposition assembly may be smaller than the substrate. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the plurality of deposition source nozzles may be tilted at a predetermined angle. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the plurality of deposition source nozzles may include deposition source nozzles arranged in two rows disposed in the first direction, and wherein each of the deposition source nozzles in each of the two rows may be tilted at a predetermined angle toward a corresponding deposition source nozzle of the other of the two rows. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the plurality of deposition source nozzles may include deposition source nozzles arranged in two rows disposed in the first direction, and the deposition source nozzles arranged in a row located at a first side of the patterning slit sheet may be arranged to face a second side of the patterning slit sheet, and the deposition source nozzles arranged in the other row located at the second side of the patterning slit sheet may be arranged to face the first side of the patterning slit sheet. 
     According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting display device, the method including: fixing a substrate on an electrostatic chuck; disposing a blocking member at a side of the substrate fixed on the electrostatic chuck to cover at least a portion of the substrate; and depositing a thin film on the substrate fixed on the electrostatic chuck. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the disposing of the blocking member at a side of the substrate fixed on the electrostatic chuck to cover at least a portion of the substrate may include disposing the blocking member to cover an area of the substrate in which no layers are to be formed. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the disposing of the blocking member at a side of the substrate fixed on the electrostatic chuck to cover at least a portion of the substrate may include disposing the blocking member to cover a border portion of the substrate. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the depositing of the thin film on the substrate fixed on the electrostatic chuck may include: conveying the electrostatic chuck on which the substrate is fixed from a loading location to a chamber by engaging the electrostatic chuck with first circulation unit that passes through the chamber; moving the substrate and a thin film deposition assembly disposed in the chamber relative to each other such that a deposition material discharged from the thin film deposition assembly is deposited on the substrate; engaging the first circulation unit to remove the substrate on which deposition has been performed from the chamber; separating the substrate on which deposition has been performed, from the electrostatic chuck; and engaging the electrostatic chuck separated from the substrate with a second circulation unit installed outside the chamber to return the electrostatic chuck to the loading position. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, a plurality of thin film deposition assemblies may be disposed in the chamber, and wherein deposition may be continuously performed on the substrate by using each of the plurality of thin film deposition assemblies. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the chamber may include a first chamber and a second chamber, wherein the first chamber and the second chamber each include a plurality of thin film deposition assemblies, wherein the first chamber and the second chamber are connected to each other, and wherein deposition may be continuously performed while the substrate is moved through the first chamber and the second chamber. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the thin film deposition assembly may include: a deposition source that discharges a deposition material; a deposition source nozzle unit disposed at a side of the deposition source and including a plurality of deposition source nozzles arranged in a first direction; a patterning slit sheet disposed opposite to and spaced apart from the deposition source nozzle unit and including a plurality of patterning slits arranged in the first direction; and a barrier wall assembly disposed between the deposition source nozzle unit and the patterning slit sheet in the first direction, and including a plurality of barrier walls that partition a space between the deposition source nozzle unit and the patterning slit sheet into a plurality of sub-deposition spaces, and wherein the thin film deposition assembly is spaced apart from the substrate, and wherein depositing of the thin film on the substrate is performed while the thin film deposition assembly and the substrate are moved relative to each other. 
     According to a non-limiting aspect, the thin film deposition assembly may include: a deposition source that discharges a deposition material; a deposition source nozzle unit disposed at a side of the deposition source and including a plurality of deposition source nozzles arranged in a first direction; and a patterning slit sheet disposed opposite to and spaced apart from the deposition source nozzle unit and including a plurality of patterning slits arranged in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and wherein depositing of the thin film on the substrate is performed while the substrate and the thin film deposition assembly are moved relative to each other in the first direction, and wherein the deposition source, the deposition source nozzle unit, and the patterning slit sheet are formed integrally with each other. 
     According to another embodiment of the present invention, a thin film deposition apparatus for use with a substrate having non-deposition regions at peripheral edges of the substrate includes an electrostatic chuck to which the substrate is fixed by electrostatic attraction; a blocking member including a frame and a blocking sheet that is disposed to cover the non-deposition regions at the peripheral edges of the substrate; and a deposition unit comprising a chamber and at least one thin film deposition assembly disposed in the chamber to deposit a thin film on the substrate fixed on the electrostatic chuck. 
     According to another embodiment of the present invention, a thin film deposition apparatus for use with a substrate having non-deposition regions at peripheral edges of the substrate, the thin film deposition apparatus includes a loading unit that fixes the substrate on which a deposition material is to be deposited onto the electrostatic chuck and that applies a blocking member to the electrostatic chuck, wherein the blocking member includes a frame and a blocking sheet that is disposed to cover the non-deposition regions at the peripheral edges of the substrate; a deposition unit comprising a chamber and at least one thin film deposition assembly disposed in the chamber to deposit a thin film on the substrate fixed on the electrostatic chuck; an unloading unit that removes the blocking member and the substrate on which deposition has been performed from the electrostatic chuck; a first circulation unit that sequentially moves the electrostatic chuck from the loading unit through the chamber of the deposition unit, and from the deposition unit to the unloading unit; and a second circulation unit that returns the electrostatic chuck from which the blocking member and the substrate have been removed by the unloading unit, to the loading unit. 
     Additional aspects and/or advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       These and/or other aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which: 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic system configuration diagram of a thin film deposition apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a system configuration diagram of a modified example of the thin film deposition apparatus of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic view of an electrostatic chuck, according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view of a thin film deposition assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic side sectional view of the thin film deposition assembly illustrated in  FIG. 4 , according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic plan sectional view of the thin film deposition assembly of  FIG. 4 , according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 7  is a partially-cut perspective view of an electrostatic chuck of the thin film deposition apparatus of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 8  is a perspective view of a blocking member of the thin film deposition apparatus of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 9  is an exploded side sectional view illustrating the relationship between an electrostatic chuck, a blocking member, and a substrate; 
         FIG. 10  is a combined side sectional view illustrating the relationship between an electrostatic chuck, a blocking member, and a substrate; 
         FIG. 11  is a perspective view of a modified example of the thin film deposition assembly of  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 12  is a cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting display device manufactured by using a thin film deposition assembly, according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 13  is a perspective view of a thin film deposition assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 14  is a schematic side sectional view of the thin film deposition assembly illustrated in  FIG. 13 , according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 15  is a schematic plan sectional view of the thin film deposition assembly illustrated in  FIG. 13 , according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 16  is a schematic perspective view of a thin film deposition assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 17  is a graph schematically illustrating a distribution pattern of a deposition layer formed on a substrate when a deposition source nozzle is not tilted, in the thin film deposition assembly of  FIG. 16 , according to an embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 18  is a graph schematically illustrating a distribution pattern of a deposition layer formed on a substrate when a deposition source nozzle is tilted, in the thin film deposition assembly of  FIG. 16 , according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     Reference will now be made in detail to the present embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the like elements throughout. The embodiments are described below in order to explain the aspects of the present invention by referring to the figures. 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic system configuration diagram of a thin film deposition apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention,  FIG. 2  illustrates a modified example of the thin film deposition apparatus of  FIG. 1 , and  FIG. 3  is a schematic view of an electrostatic chuck  600  according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , the thin film deposition apparatus according to the current embodiment includes a loading unit  710 , a deposition unit  730 , an unloading unit  720 , a first circulation unit  610 , and a second circulation unit  620 . 
     The loading unit  710  may include a first rack  712 , an introduction robot  714 , an introduction chamber  716 , and a first inversion chamber  718 . 
     A plurality of substrates  500  on which deposition has not yet been performed are stacked on the first rack  712 . The introduction robot  714  picks up the substrates  500  one at a time from the first rack  712 , puts each substrates  500  on an electrostatic chuck  600  conveyed from the second circulation unit  620  and then conveys each electrostatic chuck  600 , on which a substrates  500  has been put, to the introduction chamber  716 . 
     The first inversion chamber  718  is disposed adjacent to the introduction chamber  716 . A first inversion robot  719  located at the first inversion chamber  718  inverts the electrostatic chuck  600  to mount the electrostatic chuck  600  on the first circulation unit  610  of the deposition unit  730 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the electrostatic chuck  600  includes an electrode  602  embedded in a main body  601  of the electrostatic chuck  600  formed of ceramic, wherein the electrode is supplied with power. Such an electrostatic chuck  600  may fix one of the substrates  500  on a surface of the main body  601  when a high voltage is applied to the electrode  602 . In this regard, the thin film deposition apparatus according to the current embodiment further includes a blocking member  800  (see  FIG. 8 ) disposed at an edge portion of the substrate  500  fixed on the electrostatic chuck  600 . The blocking member prevents an organic material from being deposited onto an area of the substrate  500  on which no layers are to be formed. The relationship of the blocking member  800  and the electrostatic chuck  600  will be described with reference to  FIG. 7  and the following drawings later in detail. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , the introduction robot  714  puts one of the substrates  500  on a top surface of the electrostatic chuck  600 . In this state, the electrostatic chuck  600  is conveyed to the introduction chamber  716 . As the first inversion robot  719  inverts the electrostatic chuck  600 , the substrates  500  are directed downwards in the deposition unit  730 . In  FIGS. 1 and 2 , terms such as “top surface” and “downwards” are with reference to a “top surface” being a surface facing the viewer in  FIGS. 1 and 2  and “downwards” being in a direction away from the viewer. 
     The unloading unit  720  may have an opposite structure to that of the loading unit  710  described above. In other words, a substrate  500  and the electrostatic chuck  600  that have passed through the deposition unit  730  are inverted by a second inversion robot  729  in a second inversion chamber  728  and are conveyed to a carrying-out chamber  726 . A carrying-out robot  724  takes the substrate  500  and the electrostatic chuck  600  out of the carrying-out chamber  726  and then separates the substrate  500  from the electrostatic chuck  600  and places the substrate  500  on a second rack  722 . The electrostatic chuck  600 , separated from the substrate  500 , is returned to the loading unit  710  via the second circulation unit  620 . 
     However, aspects of the present invention are not limited to what is described above. The substrates  500  may be fixed on a bottom surface of the electrostatic chuck  600  from when the substrates  500  are initially fixed on the electrostatic chuck  600 , and the electrostatic chuck  600  may be conveyed to the deposition unit  730 , in which case, the first inversion chamber  718 , the first inversion robot  719 , the second inversion chamber  728 , and the second inversion robot  729  are not necessary. 
     The deposition unit  730  includes at least one deposition chamber. According to the embodiment of  FIG. 1 , the deposition unit  730  includes a first chamber  731 , and a plurality of thin film deposition assemblies  100 ,  200 ,  300 , and  400  that are disposed in the first chamber  731 . According to the embodiment of  FIG. 1 , four thin film deposition assemblies including a first thin film deposition assembly  100 , a second thin film deposition assembly  200 , a third thin film deposition assembly  300 , and a fourth thin film deposition assembly  400  are installed in the first chamber  731 . However, the number of thin film deposition assemblies to be installed in the first chamber  731  may vary according to desired deposition material and deposition condition. In the schematic system configuration diagram of  FIG. 1 , the thin deposition assemblies  100 ,  200 ,  300  and  400  are positioned such that deposition material from the thin deposition assemblies travels in a direction towards the viewer and is deposited on a substrate  500  on a surface of the electrostatic chuck  600  facing the facing the thin deposition assemblies  100 ,  200 ,  300  and  400 , but it is to be understood that other configurations are possible. The first chamber  731  is maintained at a degree of vacuum when deposition is performed. 
     Also, according to another embodiment of  FIG. 2 , the deposition unit  730  includes the first chamber  731  and a second chamber  732  connected to each other. The first and second thin film deposition assemblies  100  and  200  may be disposed in the first chamber  731 , and the third and fourth thin film deposition assemblies  300  and  400  may be disposed in the second chamber  732 . Of course, the number of chambers may be increased and the number of thin film deposition assemblies may be varied. 
     According to the embodiment of  FIG. 1 , the electrostatic chuck  600  on which one of the substrates  500  is fixed, is moved by the first circulation unit  610  to at least the deposition unit  730  and may be sequentially moved to the loading unit  710 , the deposition unit  730 , and the unloading unit  720 . The electrostatic chuck  600  is separated from the substrate  500  in the unloading unit  720  is returned to the loading unit  710  by the second circulation unit  620 . 
     The first circulation unit  610  is disposed to pass through the first chamber  731  when traversing the deposition unit  730 , and the second circulation unit  620  allows the electrostatic chuck  600  to be conveyed back to the loading unit  710 . 
       FIG. 4  is a perspective view of a thin film deposition assembly  100  according to an embodiment of the present invention,  FIG. 5  is a schematic side sectional view of the thin film deposition assembly  100  illustrated in  FIG. 4 , according to an embodiment of the present invention, and  FIG. 6  is a schematic plan sectional view of the thin film deposition assembly  100  of  FIG. 4 , according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 4 ,  5  and  6 , the thin film deposition assembly  100  according to the current embodiment includes a deposition source  110 , a deposition source nozzle unit  120 , a barrier wall assembly  130  including barrier walls  131 , and a patterning slit sheet  150 . 
     Although a chamber is not illustrated in  FIGS. 4 ,  5  and  6  for convenience of explanation, all the components of the thin film deposition assembly  100  may be disposed within a chamber that is maintained at an appropriate degree of vacuum, such as the first vacuum chamber  731  or the second vacuum chamber  732 . The chamber is maintained at an appropriate vacuum in order to allow a deposition material to move in a substantially straight line through the thin film deposition assembly  100 . 
     In the thin film deposition assembly  100 , in order to deposit a deposition material  115  that has been discharged from the deposition source  110  and passed through the deposition source nozzle unit  120  and the patterning slit sheet  150 , onto a substrate  500  in a desired pattern, the chamber should be maintained in a high-vacuum state. In addition, the temperatures of barrier walls  131  and the patterning slit sheet  150  may be sufficiently lower than the temperature of the deposition source  110 . In this regard, the temperatures of the barrier walls  131  and the patterning slit sheet  150  may be about 100° C. or less, since deposition material  115  that has collided against the barrier walls  131  does not become vaporized again when the temperature of the barrier walls  131  is sufficiently low. In addition, thermal expansion of the patterning slit sheet  150  may be minimized when the temperature of the patterning slit sheet  150  is sufficiently low. The barrier wall assembly  130  faces the deposition source  110 , which is at a high temperature. In addition, the temperature of a portion of the barrier wall assembly  130  close to the deposition source  110  may rise by a maximum of about 167° C., and thus a partial-cooling apparatus may be further included if needed. 
     The substrate  500 , which constitutes a target on which a deposition material  115  is to be deposited, is conveyed to a first chamber by the electrostatic chuck  600 . The substrate  500  may be a substrate for flat panel displays. A large substrate, such as a mother glass, for manufacturing a plurality of flat panel displays, may be used as the substrate  500 . Other substrates may also be employed. 
     In an embodiment of the present invention, the substrate  500  and the thin film deposition assembly  100  are moved relative to each other. Herein, where it is stated that the substrate and thin film deposition assembly are moved relative to each other, it is to be understood that such statement encompasses an embodiment in which only the substrate is moved and the thin film deposition assembly remains stationary, an embodiment in which only the thin film deposition assembly is moved and the substrate remains stationary and an embodiment in which both the thin film deposition assembly and the substrate are moved. For example, the substrate  500  may be moved in a direction of an arrow A, relative to the thin film deposition assembly  100 . 
     In detail, in a conventional deposition method using a fine metal mask (FMM), the size of the FMM is typically greater than or equal to the size of a substrate. Thus, the size of the FMM should be increased when performing deposition on a larger substrate. However, it is difficult to manufacture a large FMM and to extend an FMM to be accurately aligned with a pattern. 
     In order to overcome this problem, in the thin film deposition assembly  100  according to the current embodiment, deposition may be performed while the thin film deposition assembly  100  and the substrate  500  are moved relative to each other. In other words, deposition may be continuously performed while the substrate  500 , which is disposed such as to face the thin film deposition assembly  100 , is moved in a Y-axis direction. That is, deposition is performed in a scanning manner while the substrate  500  is moved in a direction of arrow A in  FIG. 4 . Although the substrate  500  is illustrated as being moved in the Y-axis direction in a chamber (not shown) when deposition is performed, aspects of the present invention are not limited thereto. Deposition may be performed while the thin film deposition assembly  100  is moved in the Y-axis direction, while the substrate  500  is held in a fixed position. For example, the transporting of the electrostatic chuck  600  having the substrate  500  fixed thereon by the first transporting unit  610  may be paused while deposition is performed. 
     Thus, in the thin film deposition assembly  100  according to the current embodiment, the patterning slit sheet  150  may be significantly smaller than an FMM used in a conventional deposition method. In other words, in the thin film deposition assembly  100  of the thin film deposition apparatus according to the current embodiment of the present invention, deposition is continuously performed, i.e., in a scanning manner while the substrate  500  is moved in the Y-axis direction. Thus, a length of the patterning slit sheet  150  in the Y-axis direction may be significantly less than a length of the substrate  500  in the Y-axis direction. A width of the patterning slit sheet  150  in the X-axis direction and a width of the substrate  500  in the X-axis direction may be substantially equal to each other. However, even when the width of the patterning slit sheet  150  in the X-axis direction is less than the width of the substrate  500  in the X-axis direction, deposition may be performed on the entire substrate  500  in a scanning manner while the substrate  500  and the thin film deposition assembly  100  are moved relative each other. 
     As described above, since the patterning slit sheet  150  may be formed to be significantly smaller than an FMM used in a conventional deposition method, it is relatively easy to manufacture the patterning slit sheet  150  used in aspects of the present invention. In other words, using the patterning slit sheet  150 , which is smaller than an FMM used in a conventional deposition method, is more convenient in all processes, including etching and subsequent other processes, such as precise extension, welding, moving, and cleaning processes, compared to the conventional deposition method using the larger FMM. This is more advantageous for manufacturing a relatively large display device. 
     In order to perform deposition while the thin film deposition assembly  100  are the substrate  500  are moved relative to each other as described above, the thin film deposition assembly  100  and the substrate  500  may be separated from each other by a predetermined distance. This will be described later in detail. 
     The deposition source  110  that contains and heats the deposition material  115  is disposed in an opposite side of the chamber to the side in which the substrate  500  is disposed. 
     The deposition source  110  includes a crucible  112  and a cooling block  111 . The crucible  111  holds the deposition material  115 . The cooling block  111  surrounds the crucible  112 . The cooling block  111  prevents radiation of heat from the crucible  112  to external areas, such as, for example, the first chamber  731 . The cooling block  111  may include a heater (not shown) that heats the crucible  112 . 
     The deposition source nozzle unit  120  is disposed at a side of the deposition source  110  facing the substrate  500 . The deposition source nozzle unit  120  includes a plurality of deposition source nozzles  121  arranged at equal intervals in the X-axis direction. The deposition material  115  that is vaporized in the deposition source  110  passes through the deposition source nozzles  121  of the deposition source nozzle unit  120  towards the substrate  500 , which constitutes a target on which the deposition material  115  is to be deposited. 
     The barrier wall assembly  130  is disposed at a side of the deposition source nozzle unit  120 . The barrier wall assembly  130  includes a plurality of barrier walls  131 , and a barrier wall frame  132  that constitutes an outer wall of the barrier walls  131 . The plurality of barrier walls  131  may be arranged parallel to each other at equal intervals in X-axis direction. In addition, each of the barrier walls  131  may be arranged parallel to an YZ plane in  FIG. 4 , and may have a rectangular shape. The plurality of barrier walls  131 , arranged as described above, partition the space between the deposition source nozzle unit  120  and the patterning slit sheet  150  into a plurality of sub-deposition spaces S (see  FIG. 6 ). In the thin film deposition assembly  100  according to the current embodiment, the deposition space is divided by the barrier walls  131  into the sub-deposition spaces S that respectively correspond to the deposition source nozzles  121  through which the deposition material  115  is discharged, as illustrated in  FIG. 6 . 
     The barrier walls  131  may be respectively disposed between adjacent deposition source nozzles  121 . In other words, each of the deposition source nozzles  121  may be disposed between two adjacent barrier walls  131 . The deposition source nozzles  121  may be respectively located at the midpoint between two adjacent barrier walls  131 . However, aspects of the present invention are not limited thereto. 
     As described above, since the barrier walls  131  partition the space between the deposition source nozzle unit  120  and the patterning slit sheet  150  into the plurality of sub-deposition spaces S, the deposition material  115  discharged through each of the deposition source nozzles  121  is not mixed with the deposition material  115  discharged through the other deposition source nozzles  121 , and passes through patterning slits  151  so as to be deposited on the substrate  500 . Thus, the barrier walls  131  guide the deposition material  115 , which is discharged through the deposition source nozzles  121 , to move straight, not to flow in the Z-axis direction. 
     As described above, the deposition material  115  is forced to move in a straight manner the presence of the barrier walls  131 , so that a smaller shadow zone may be formed on the substrate  500  compared to a case where no barrier walls are installed. Thus, the thin film deposition assembly  100  and the substrate  500  can be separated from each other by a predetermined distance. This will be described later in detail. 
     The barrier wall frame  132 , which forms sides of the barrier walls  131 , maintains the positions of the barrier walls  131 , and guides the deposition material  115 , which is discharged through the deposition source nozzles  121 , not to flow beyond the boundaries of the barrier wall assembly  130  in the Y-axis direction. 
     The deposition source nozzle unit  120  and the barrier wall assembly  130  may be separated from each other by a predetermined distance. This separation may prevent the heat radiated from the deposition source  110  from being conducted to the barrier wall assembly  130 . However, aspects of the present invention are not limited thereto. In particular, an appropriate heat insulator (not shown) may be further disposed between the deposition source nozzle unit  120  and the barrier wall assembly  130 . In this case, the deposition source nozzle unit  120  and the barrier wall assembly  130  may be bound together with the heat insulator therebetween. 
     In addition, the barrier wall assembly  130  may be constructed to be detachable from the thin film deposition assembly  100 . In the thin film deposition assembly  100  of the thin film deposition apparatus according to the current embodiment of the present invention, the deposition space is enclosed by using the barrier wall assembly  130 , so that the deposition material  115  that is not deposited on the substrate  500  is mostly deposited within the barrier wall assembly  130 . Thus, since the barrier wall assembly  130  is constructed to be detachable from the thin film deposition assembly  100 , when a large amount of the deposition material  115  is present on the barrier wall assembly  130  after a long deposition process, the barrier wall assembly  130  may be detached from the thin film deposition assembly  100  and then placed in a separate deposition material recycling apparatus in order to recover the deposition material  115 . Due to the structure of the thin film deposition assembly  100 , a reuse rate of the deposition material  115  is increased, so that the deposition efficiency is improved, and the manufacturing costs are reduced. 
     The patterning slit sheet  150  and a frame  155  in which the patterning slit sheet  150  is bound are disposed between the deposition source  110  and the substrate  500 . The frame  155  may be formed in a lattice shape, similar to a window frame. The patterning slit sheet  150  is bound inside the frame  155 . The patterning slit sheet  150  includes a plurality of patterning slits  151  arranged in the X-axis direction. The patterning slits  151  extend as openings in the Y-axis direction. The deposition material  115  that has been vaporized in the deposition source  110  and passed through the deposition source nozzles  121  passes through the patterning slits  151  towards the substrate  500  that is a deposition target. 
     The patterning slit sheet  150  may be formed of a metal thin film. The patterning slit sheet  150  is fixed to the frame  150  such that a tensile force is exerted thereon. The patterning slits  151  may be formed by etching the patterning slit sheet  150  into a stripe pattern. 
     In the thin film deposition assembly  100  according to the current embodiment of the present invention, the total number of patterning slits  151  may be greater than the total number of deposition source nozzles  121 . In addition, there may be a greater number of patterning slits  151  than deposition source nozzles  121  disposed between two adjacent barrier walls  131 . The number of patterning slits  151  may be equal to the number of deposition patterns to be formed on the substrate  500 . 
     In addition, the barrier wall assembly  130  and the patterning slit sheet  150  may be disposed to be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance. Alternatively, the barrier wall assembly  130  and the patterning slit sheet  150  may be connected by a connection member  135 . The temperature of the barrier wall assembly  130  may increase to 100° C. or higher due to exposure to the deposition source  110 , which has a high temperature. Thus, in order to prevent the heat of the barrier wall assembly  130  from being conducted to the patterning slit sheet  150 , the barrier wall assembly  130  and the patterning slit sheet  150  may be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance. 
     As described above, the thin film deposition assembly  100  according to the current embodiment performs deposition while being moved relative to the substrate  500 . In order for the thin film deposition assembly  100  to be moved relative to the substrate  500 , the patterning slit sheet  150  is separated from the substrate  500  by a predetermined distance. In addition, in order to prevent the formation of a relatively large shadow zone on the substrate  500  when the patterning slit sheet  150  and the substrate  500  are separated from each other, the barrier walls  131  are arranged between the deposition source nozzle unit  120  and the patterning slit sheet  150  to force the deposition material  115  to move in a straight direction. Thus, the size of the shadow zone formed on the substrate  500  is sharply reduced. 
     In particular, in a conventional deposition method using an FMM, deposition is performed with the FMM in close contact with a substrate in order to prevent formation of a shadow zone on the substrate. However, when the FMM is used in close contact with the substrate, the contact may cause defects, such as scratches on patterns formed on the substrate. In addition, in the conventional deposition method, the size of the mask should be the same as the size of the substrate since the mask cannot be moved relative to the substrate. Thus, the size of the mask should be increased as display devices become larger. However, it is not easy to manufacture such a large mask. 
     In order to overcome this problem, in the thin film deposition assembly  100  according to the current embodiment, the patterning slit sheet  150  is disposed to be separated from the substrate  500  that is a deposition target by a predetermined distance. Shadow zones on the substrate  500  are minimized by installing the barrier walls  131 . 
     As described above, when the patterning slit sheet  150  is manufactured to be smaller than the substrate  500 , the pattern slit sheet  150  may be moved relative to the substrate  500  during deposition. Thus, it is no longer necessary to manufacture a large FMM used in the conventional deposition method. In addition, since the substrate  500  and the patterning slit sheet  150  are separated from each other, defects caused due to contact between the substrate and the patterning slit sheet  150  may be prevented. In addition, since it is unnecessary to contact the substrate  500  with the patterning slit sheet  150  during a deposition process, the manufacturing speed may be improved. 
     According to aspects of the present invention, thin film deposition assemblies  200 ,  300  and  400  may have the same structure as the thin film deposition assembly  100  described above. Moreover, It is to be understood that the thin film deposition assemblies  100 ,  200 ,  300  and  400  may vary from what is described above. 
     Hereinafter, the electrostatic chuck  600  and a blocking member  800  of the thin film deposition assembly  100  according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail. 
       FIG. 7  is a partially-cut perspective view of the electrostatic chuck  600  of the thin film deposition apparatus of  FIG. 1 ,  FIG. 8  is a perspective view of a blocking member  800  of the thin film deposition apparatus of  FIG. 1 ,  FIG. 9  is an exploded side sectional view illustrating the relationship between the electrostatic chuck  600 , the blocking member  800 , and the substrate  500 , and  FIG. 10  is a combined side sectional view illustrating the relationship between the electrostatic chuck  600 , the blocking member  800 , and the substrate  500 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 7 through 10 , the thin film deposition apparatus of  FIG. 1  further includes a blocking member  800  disposed at an edge portion of the substrate  500  fixed on the electrostatic chuck  600 , thereby preventing an organic material from being deposited in an area of the substrate  500  in which no layers are to be formed. 
     In detail, anode or cathode patterns are formed in a border portion of the substrate  500 , and an area for product inspection or an area to be utilized as a terminal when a product is manufactured, is present. When a layer is formed of an organic material in the area, an anode or a cathode cannot perform its role. Thus, the border portion of the substrate  500  should be an area in which no layers are formed of an organic material or the like. However, as described above, in the thin film deposition apparatus of  FIG. 1 , deposition is performed in a scanning manner while the substrate  500  is moved relative to the thin film deposition assembly  100 . Thus, it is not easy to prevent the organic material from being deposited in the area of the substrate  500  in which no layers are to be formed. 
     In order to prevent the organic material from being deposited in the area of the substrate  500  in which no layers are to be formed, in the thin film deposition apparatus of  FIG. 1 , a separate blocking member is disposed at the border portion of the substrate  500 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 7 , the electrostatic chuck  600  includes an electrode  602  embedded in a main body  601  of the electrostatic chuck  600  formed of ceramic, wherein the electrode  602  is supplied with power. As a high voltage is applied to the electrode  602 , the substrate  500  is attached to a surface of the main body  601 . A magnet  603  may be further disposed at a border portion of a side of the main body  601  on which the substrate  500  is disposed. Due to the magnet  603 , the blocking member  800  that will be described later is magnetically attached to the electrostatic chuck  600  and is moved together with the electrostatic chuck  600 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 8 , the blocking member  800  includes a frame  801  and a blocking sheet  802 . The frame  801  is formed in the form of a window frame including an open center area. The blocking sheet  802  including an open area is attached to a bottom surface of the frame  801 . The blocking sheet  802  is formed to correspond to an area of the substrate  500  in which no layers should be formed of an organic material. The area of the substrate  500  in which no layers are to be formed, is covered by the blocking sheet  802  so that the organic material may be prevented from being deposited in the area of the substrate  500  in which no layers are to be formed. 
     In this regard, in order to bond the blocking member  800  to the electrostatic chuck  600 , the blocking sheet  802  may include a magnetic substance. In detail, the blocking member  800  may be bonded to the electrostatic chuck  600  due to a magnetic force between the magnet  603  of the electrostatic chuck  600  and the blocking sheet  802  of the blocking member  800 . Alternatively, the magnet  603  may be disposed on the blocking member  800 , and the electrostatic chuck  600  may include the magnetic substance. Alternatively, a magnetic member may be disposed on both the electrostatic chuck  600  and the blocking member  800 . In this regard, the magnet  603  may be a permanent magnet, an electromagnet or the like. The magnetic substance may be any material that is magnetically attracted to and attachable to the magnet  603 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 9 and 10 , as a high voltage is applied to the electrode  602  of the electrostatic chuck  600 , the substrate  500  is fixed on the surface of the main body  601  of the electrostatic chuck  600 . Then, the blocking member  800  is bonded to a bottom surface of the substrate  500  fixed on the electrostatic chuck  600 . (Here, the term “bottom surface” refers to the surface opposite to the surface that is fixed to the electrostatic chuck.) In detail, due to a magnetic force between the magnet  603  of the electrostatic chuck  600  and the blocking sheet  802  of the blocking member  800 , the blocking member  800  is attached to the electrostatic chuck  600 . In this regard, the blocking sheet  802  of the blocking member  800  is disposed to cover an area  501  of the substrate  500  in which no layers are to be formed. The area  501  of the substrate  500  in which no layers are to be formed is covered by the blocking sheet  802 . Thus, the organic material may be prevented from being deposited in the area  501  of the substrate  500  in which no layers are to be formed, conveniently without a separate structure such as a shutter. 
       FIG. 11  is a schematic perspective view of a modified example of the thin film deposition assembly  100  of  FIG. 4 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 11 , the thin film deposition assembly  100  according to the current embodiment includes a deposition source  110 , a deposition source nozzle unit  120 , a first barrier wall assembly  130 , a second barrier wall assembly  140 , and a patterning slit sheet  150 . 
     Although a chamber is not illustrated in  FIG. 11  for convenience of explanation, all the components of the thin film deposition assembly  100  may be disposed within a chamber that is maintained at an appropriate degree of vacuum. The chamber is maintained at an appropriate vacuum in order to allow a deposition material to move in a substantially straight line through the thin film deposition assembly  100 . 
     The substrate  500 , which constitutes a target on which a deposition material  115  is to be deposited, is disposed in the chamber. The deposition source  115  that contains and heats the deposition material  115  is disposed in an opposite side of the chamber to the side in which the substrate  500  is disposed. 
     Detailed structures of the deposition source  110  and the patterning slit sheet  150  are the same as those of  FIG. 4  and thus, detailed descriptions thereof will not be repeated here. The first barrier wall assembly  130  is the same the barrier wall assembly  130  of  FIG. 4  and thus, a detailed description thereof will not be repeated here. 
     The second barrier wall assembly  140  is disposed at a side of the first barrier wall assembly  130 . The second barrier wall assembly  140  includes a plurality of second barrier walls  141  and a second barrier wall frame  141  that constitutes an outer wall of the second barrier walls  142 . 
     The plurality of second barrier walls  141  may be arranged parallel to each other at equal intervals in the X-axis direction. In addition, each of the second barrier walls  141  may be formed to extend in the YZ plane in  FIG. 11 , i.e., perpendicular to the X-axis direction. 
     The plurality of first barrier walls  131  and second barrier walls  141  arranged as described above partition the space between the deposition source nozzle unit  120  and the patterning slit sheet  150 . The deposition space is divided by the first barrier walls  131  and the second barrier walls  141  into sub-deposition spaces that respectively correspond to the deposition source nozzles  121  through which the deposition material  115  is discharged. 
     The second barrier walls  141  may be disposed to correspond to the first barrier walls  131 . The second barrier walls  141  may be respectively disposed to be parallel to and to be on the same plane as the first barrier walls  131 . Each pair of the corresponding first and second barrier walls  131  and  141  may be located on the same plane. Although the first barrier walls  131  and the second barrier walls  141  are respectively illustrated as having the same thickness in the Y-axis direction, aspects of the present invention are not limited thereto. The second barrier walls  141 , which may be accurately aligned with the patterning slit sheet  151 , may be formed to be relatively thin, whereas the first barrier walls  131 , which do not need to be precisely aligned with the patterning slit sheet  151 , may be formed to be relatively thick. This makes it easier to manufacture the thin film deposition assembly  100 . 
     A plurality of thin film deposition assemblies according to  FIG. 4  or  FIG. 11  may be consecutively disposed in a first chamber  731  (see  FIG. 1 ), as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . In this regard, each of the thin film deposition assemblies  100 ,  200 ,  300 , and  400  allows different deposition materials to be deposited. In this case, patterning slits of the thin film deposition assemblies  100 ,  200 ,  300 , and  400  may have different patterns, and for example, a film formation process including depositing of red, green, and blue pixels at one time may be performed. 
       FIG. 12  is a cross-sectional view of an active matrix (AM) organic light-emitting display device manufactured by using a thin film deposition assembly, according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is to be understood that where is stated herein that one layer is “formed on” or “disposed on” a second layer, the first layer may be formed or disposed directly on the second layer or there may be intervening layers between the first layer and the second layer. Further, as used herein, the term “formed on” is used with the same meaning as “located on” or “disposed on” and is not meant to be limiting regarding any particular fabrication process. 
     Referring to  FIG. 12 , the active matrix (AM) organic light-emitting display device according to the current embodiment is disposed on a substrate  30 . The substrate  30  may be formed of a transparent material, such as, for example, glass, plastic or metal. An insulating layer  31 , such as a buffer layer, is formed on an entire surface of the substrate  30 . 
     A thin film transistor (TFT)  40 , a capacitor  50 , and an organic light-emitting diode (OLED)  60  are disposed on the insulating layer  31 , as illustrated in  FIG. 12 . 
     A semiconductor active layer  41  is formed on an upper surface of the insulating layer  31  in a predetermined pattern. A gate insulating layer  32  is formed to cover the semiconductor active layer  41 . The semiconductor active layer  41  may include a p-type or n-type semiconductor material. 
     A gate electrode  42  of the TFT  40  is formed on an upper surface of the gate insulating layer  32  corresponding to the semiconductor active layer  41 . An interlayer insulating layer  33  is formed to cover the gate electrode  42 . After the interlayer insulating layer  33  is formed, the gate insulating layer  32  and the interlayer insulating layer  33  are etched by, for example, dry etching, to form a contact hole exposing parts of the semiconductor active layer  41 . 
     Next, a source/drain electrode  43  is formed on the interlayer insulating layer  33  to contact the semiconductor active layer  41  through the contact hole. A passivation layer  34  is formed to cover the source/drain electrode  43 , and is etched to expose a part of the source/drain electrode  43 . A separate insulating layer (not shown) may be further formed on the passivation layer  34  so as to planarize the passivation layer  34 . 
     In addition, the OLED  60  displays predetermined image information by emitting red, green, or blue light as according to a flow of current. The OLED  60  includes a first electrode  61  formed on the passivation layer  34 . The first electrode  61  is electrically connected to the drain electrode  43  of the TFT  40 . 
     A pixel defining layer  35  is formed to cover the first electrode  61 . An opening  64  is formed in the pixel defining layer  35 , and an organic layer  63  is formed in a region defined by the opening  64 . A second electrode  62  is formed on the organic layer  63 . 
     The pixel defining layer  35 , which defines individual pixels, is formed of an organic material. The pixel defining layer  35  also planarizes the surface of a region of the substrate  30  where the first electrode  61  is formed, and in particular, the surface of the passivation layer  34 . 
     The first electrode  61  and the second electrode  62  are insulated from each other, and respectively apply voltages of opposite polarities to the organic layer  63  to induce light emission. 
     The organic layer  63  may be formed of a low-molecular weight organic material or a polymer organic material. When a low-molecular weight organic material is used, the organic layer  63  may have a single or multi-layer structure including at least one selected from the group consisting of a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an emission layer (EML), an electron transport layer (ETL), an electron injection layer (ElL), etc. Examples of available organic materials may include copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), N,N′-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), tris-8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq3), etc. Such a low-molecular weight organic material may be deposited by vacuum deposition using one of the thin film deposition apparatuses or the deposition source  110  described above with reference to  FIGS. 1 through 3 . 
     After the organic layer  63  is formed, the second electrode  62  may be formed by the same deposition method as used to form the organic layer  63 . 
     The first electrode  61  may function as an anode, and the second electrode  62  may function as a cathode. Alternatively, the first electrode  61  may function as a cathode, and the second electrode  62  may function as an anode. The first electrode  61  may be patterned to correspond to individual pixel regions, and the second electrode  62  may be formed as a common electrode to cover all the pixels. 
     The first electrode  61  may be formed as a transparent electrode or a reflective electrode. Such a transparent electrode may be formed of indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), or indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ). Such a reflective electrode may be formed by forming a reflective layer from silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr) or a compound thereof and forming a layer of ITO, IZO, ZnO, or In 2 O 3 on the reflective layer. The first electrode  61  may be formed by forming a layer by, for example, sputtering, and then patterning the layer by, for example, photolithography. 
     The second electrode  62  may also be formed as a transparent electrode or a reflective electrode. When the second electrode  62  is formed as a transparent electrode, the second electrode  62  functions as a cathode. To this end, such a transparent electrode may be formed by depositing a metal having a low work function, such as lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), lithium fluoride/calcium (LiF/Ca), lithium fluoride/aluminum (LiF/Al), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), or a compound thereof on a surface of the organic layer  63  and forming an auxiliary electrode layer or a bus electrode line thereon from ITO, IZO, ZnO, In 2 O 3 , or the like. When the second electrode  62  is formed as a reflective electrode, the reflective layer may be formed by depositing Li, Ca, LiF/Ca, LiF/Al, Al, Ag, Mg, or a compound thereof on the entire surface of the organic layer  63 . The second electrode  62  may be formed by using the same deposition method as used to form the organic layer  63  described above. 
     The thin film deposition assemblies according to the embodiments of the present invention described above may be applied to form an organic layer or an inorganic layer of an organic TFT, and to form layers from various materials. In particular, the thin film deposition assemblies according to the embodiments of the present invention may be used to form one or more layers of an active matrix (AM) organic light-emitting display device. It is to be understood that the active matrix (AM) organic light-emitting display device may vary from what is described above. 
       FIG. 13  is a perspective view of a thin film deposition assembly  900  according to another embodiment of the present invention,  FIG. 14  is a schematic side sectional view of the thin film deposition assembly  900  illustrated in  FIG. 13 , according to an embodiment of the present invention, and  FIG. 15  is a schematic plan sectional view of the thin film deposition assembly  900  illustrated in  FIG. 13 , according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 13 ,  14  and  15 , the thin film deposition assembly  900  according to the current embodiment includes a deposition source  910 , a deposition source nozzle unit  920 , and a patterning slit sheet  950 . 
     Although a chamber is not illustrated in  FIGS. 13 ,  14  and  15  for convenience of explanation, all the components of the thin film deposition assembly  900  may be disposed within a chamber that is maintained at an appropriate degree of vacuum. The chamber is maintained at an appropriate vacuum in order to allow a deposition material to move in a substantially straight line through the thin film deposition assembly  900 . 
     In order to deposit a deposition material  915  emitted from the deposition source  910  and discharged through the deposition source nozzle unit  920  and the patterning slit sheet  950 , onto a substrate  500  in a desired pattern, the chamber should be maintained in a high-vacuum state as in a deposition method using a fine metal mask (FMM). In addition, the temperature of the patterning slit sheet  950  should be sufficiently lower than the temperature of the deposition source  910 . In this regard, the temperature of the patterning slit sheet  950  may be about 100° C. or less. The temperature of the patterning slit sheet  950  should be sufficiently low so as to reduce thermal expansion of the patterning slit sheet  950 . 
     The substrate  500 , on which the deposition material  915  is to be deposited, is disposed in the chamber. The substrate  500  may be a substrate for flat panel displays. A large substrate, such as a mother glass, for manufacturing a plurality of flat panel displays, may be used as the substrate  500 . Other substrates may also be employed. 
     In the current embodiment of the present invention, deposition may be performed while the substrate  500  and the thin film deposition assembly  900  are moved relative to each other. 
     In particular, in the conventional FMM deposition method, the size of the FMM should be equal to the size of a substrate. Thus, the size of the FMM should be increased when performing deposition on a larger substrate. However, it is difficult to manufacture a large FMM and to extend an FMM to be accurately aligned with a pattern. 
     In order to overcome this problem, in the thin film deposition assembly  900  according to the current embodiment, deposition may be performed while the thin film deposition assembly  900  and the substrate  500  are moved relative to each other. In other words, deposition may be continuously performed while the substrate  500 , which is disposed such as to face the thin film deposition assembly  900 , is moved in a Y-axis direction. In other words, deposition is performed in a scanning manner while the substrate  500  is moved in a direction of arrow A in  FIG. 13 . Although the substrate  500  is illustrated as being moved in the Y-axis direction in  FIG. 13  in the chamber when deposition is performed, aspects of the present invention are not limited thereto. Deposition may be performed while the thin film deposition assembly  900  is moved in the Y-axis direction, while the substrate  500  is fixed. For example, the transporting of the electrostatic chuck  600  having the substrate  500  fixed thereon by the first transporting unit  610  may be paused while deposition is performed. 
     Thus, in the thin film deposition assembly  900  according to the current embodiment, the patterning slit sheet  950  may be significantly smaller than an FMM used in a conventional deposition method. In other words, in the thin film deposition assembly  900  according to the current embodiment, deposition is continuously performed, i.e., in a scanning manner while the substrate  500  is moved in the Y-axis direction. Thus, lengths of the patterning slit sheet  950  in the X-axis and Y-axis directions may be significantly less than the lengths of the substrate  500  in the X-axis and Y-axis directions. As described above, since the patterning slit sheet  950  may be formed to be significantly smaller than an FMM used in a conventional deposition method, it is relatively easy to manufacture the patterning slit sheet  950  used in the embodiment of the present invention. In other words, using the patterning slit sheet  950 , which is smaller than an 
     FMM used in a conventional deposition method, is more convenient in all processes, including etching and subsequent other processes, such as precise extension, welding, moving, and cleaning processes, compared to the conventional deposition method using the larger FMM. This is more advantageous for a relatively large display device. 
     In order to perform deposition while the thin film deposition assembly  900  and the substrate  500  are moved relative to each other as described above, the thin film deposition assembly  900  and the substrate  500  may be separated from each other by a predetermined distance. This will be described later in detail. 
     The deposition source  910  that contains and heats the deposition material  915  is disposed in an opposite side of the chamber to the side in which the substrate  500  is disposed. As the deposition material  915  contained in the deposition source  910  is vaporized, the deposition material  915  is deposited on the substrate  500 . 
     The deposition source  910  includes a crucible  911  and a heater  912 . The crucible  911  holds the deposition material  915 . The heater  912  heats the crucible  911  to vaporize the deposition material  915  contained in the crucible  911  towards a side of the crucible  911 , and in particular, towards the deposition source nozzle unit  920 . 
     The deposition source nozzle unit  920  is disposed at a side of the deposition source  910  facing the substrate  500 . The deposition source nozzle unit  920  includes a plurality of deposition source nozzles  921  arranged at equal intervals in the Y-axis direction. The deposition material  915  that is vaporized in the deposition source  910  passes through the deposition source nozzle unit  920  towards the substrate  500 . As described above, when the plurality of deposition source nozzles  921  are formed on the deposition source nozzle unit  920  in the Y-axis direction, that is, the scanning direction of the substrate  500 , a size of the pattern formed by the deposition material  915  that is discharged through each of patterning slits  951  in the patterning slit sheet  950  is only affected by the size of one deposition source nozzle  921 , that is, it may be considered that one deposition nozzle  921  exists in the X-axis direction, and thus there is no shadow zone on the substrate  500 . In addition, since the plurality of deposition source nozzles  921  are formed in the scanning direction of the substrate  500 , even there is a difference between fluxes of the deposition source nozzles  921 , the difference may be compensated and deposition uniformity may be maintained constantly. 
     The patterning slit sheet  950  and a frame  955  in which the patterning slit sheet  950  is bound are disposed between the deposition source  910  and the substrate  500 . The frame  955  may be formed in a lattice shape, similar to a window frame. The patterning slit sheet  950  is bound inside the frame  955 . The patterning slit sheet  950  includes a plurality of patterning slits  951  arranged in the X-axis direction. The deposition material  915  that is vaporized in the deposition source  910  passes through the deposition source nozzle unit  920  and the patterning slit sheet  950  towards the substrate  500 . The patterning slit sheet  950  may be manufactured by etching, which is the same method as used in a conventional method of manufacturing an FMM, and in particular, a striped FMM. Here, the total number of patterning slits  951  may be greater than the total number of deposition source nozzles  921 . 
     In addition, the deposition source  910 , the deposition source nozzle unit  920  coupled to the deposition source  910 , and the patterning slit sheet  950  may be formed to be separated from each other by a predetermined distance. Alternatively, the deposition source  910 , the deposition source nozzle unit  920  coupled to the deposition source  910 , and the patterning slit sheet  950  may be connected by a connection member  935 . That is, the deposition source  910 , the deposition source nozzle unit  920 , and the patterning slit sheet  950  may be formed integrally with each other by being connected to each other via the connection member  935 . The connection member  935  guides the deposition material  915 , which is discharged through the deposition source nozzles  921 , to move straight, and not to deviate in the X-axis direction. In  FIGS. 13 through 15 , the connection members  935  are formed on left and right sides of the deposition source  910 , the deposition source nozzle unit  920 , and the patterning slit sheet  950  to guide the deposition material  915  not to flow in the X-axis direction, however, aspects of the present invention are not limited thereto. That is, the connection member  935  may be formed as a sealed type of a box shape to guide flow of the deposition material  915  in both the X-axis and the Y-axis directions. 
     As described above, the thin film deposition assembly  900  according to the current embodiment performs deposition while being moved relative to the substrate  500 . In order to move the thin film deposition assembly  900  relative to the substrate  500 , the patterning slit sheet  950  is separated from the substrate  500  by a predetermined distance. 
     In particular, in a conventional deposition method using an FMM, deposition is performed with the FMM in close contact with a substrate in order to prevent formation of a shadow zone on the substrate. However, when the FMM is used in close contact with the substrate, the contact may cause defects. In addition, in the conventional deposition method, the size of the mask should be the same as the size of the substrate since the mask cannot be moved relative to the substrate. Thus, the size of the mask should be increased as display devices become larger. However, it is not easy to manufacture such a large mask. 
     In order to overcome this problem, in the thin film deposition assembly  900  according to the current embodiment, the patterning slit sheet  950  is disposed to be separated from the substrate  500  that is deposition target by a predetermined distance. 
     As described above, according to aspects of the present invention, a mask is formed to be smaller than a substrate, and deposition is performed while the mask is moved relative to the substrate. Thus, the mask can be easily manufactured. In addition, defects caused due to the contact between a substrate and an FMM, which occurs in the conventional deposition method, may be prevented. In addition, since it is unnecessary to use the FMM in close contact with the substrate during a deposition process, the manufacturing speed may be improved. 
     In this regard, the thin film deposition assembly  900  of  FIG. 13  further includes the blocking member  800  (see  FIG. 8 ) disposed at the edge portion of the substrate  500  fixed on the electrostatic chuck  600 , thereby preventing an organic material from being deposited in an area of the substrate  500  in which no layers are to be formed. This aspect has been already described in detail with reference to  FIG. 4 , and thus, a detailed description thereof will not be repeated here. 
       FIG. 16  is a schematic perspective view of a thin film deposition assembly  900  according to another embodiment of the present invention. Referring to  FIG. 16 , the thin film deposition apparatus  900  according to the current embodiment includes a deposition source  910 , a deposition source nozzle unit  920 , and a patterning slit sheet  950 . The deposition source  910  includes a crucible  911  and a heater  912 . The crucible  911  holds a deposition material  915 . The heater  912  heats the crucible  911  to vaporize the deposition material  915  contained in the crucible  911  towards a side of the crucible  911 , and in particular, towards the deposition source nozzle unit  920 . The deposition source nozzle unit  920 , which has a planar shape, is disposed at a side of the deposition source  910 . The deposition source nozzle unit  920  includes a plurality of deposition source nozzles  921  arranged in the Y-axis direction. The patterning slit sheet  950  and a frame  955  are further disposed between the deposition source  910  and a substrate  500 , and the patterning slit sheet  950  includes a plurality of patterning slits  951  arranged in the X-axis direction. In addition, the deposition source  910 , the deposition source nozzle unit  920 , and the patterning slit sheet  950  are connected to each other by a connection member  935 . 
     In the current embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of deposition source nozzles  921  formed on the deposition source nozzle unit  920  are tilted at a predetermined angle. In particular, the deposition source nozzles  921  may include deposition source nozzles  921   a  and  921   b  which are arranged in two rows, which are alternately arranged with each other. Here, the deposition source nozzles  921   a  and  121   b  may be tilted at a predetermined angle on an X-Z plane. 
     Therefore, in the current embodiment of the present invention, the deposition source nozzles  921   a  and  921   b  are arranged in tilted states at a predetermined angle. For example, the deposition source nozzles  921   a  in a first row may be tilted at a predetermined angle toward the deposition source nozzles  921   b  in a second row, and the deposition source nozzles  921   b  in the second row may be tilted at the predetermined angle toward the deposition source nozzles  921   a  in the first row. That is, the deposition source nozzles  921   a  arranged in the row at the left side of the patterning slit sheet  950  are arranged to face the right side of the patterning slit sheet  950 , and the deposition source nozzles  921   b  arranged in the row at the right side of the patterning slit sheet  150  are arranged to face the left side of the patterning slit sheet  950 . 
       FIG. 17  is a graph schematically illustrating a distribution pattern of a deposition layer formed on a substrate when a deposition source nozzle is not tilted, in the thin film deposition assembly  900  of  FIG. 16 , according to an embodiment of the present invention, and  FIG. 18  is a graph showing a distribution of the deposition layer formed on the substrate when the deposition source nozzles are tilted, in the thin film deposition assembly  900  of  FIG. 16 , according to the current embodiment of the present invention. Comparing the graphs of  FIGS. 17 and 18  with each other, a thickness of the deposition layer formed on both end portions of the substrate when the deposition source nozzles are tilted is relatively greater than that of the deposition layer formed on the substrate when the deposition source nozzles are not tilted, and thus, the uniformity of the deposition layer is improved. 
     Therefore, the deposition amount of the deposition material may be adjusted so that a difference between the thicknesses of the deposition layer at the center portion and end portions of the substrate may be reduced and the entire thickness of the deposition layer may be constant, and moreover, the efficiency of utilizing the deposition material may be improved. 
     In this regard, the thin film deposition assembly  900  of  FIG. 16  further includes the blocking member  800  (see  FIG. 8 ) disposed at the edge portion of the substrate  500  fixed on the electrostatic chuck  600 , thereby preventing an organic material from being deposited in an area of the substrate  500  in which no layers are to be formed. This aspect has been already described in detail with reference to  FIG. 4 , and thus, a detailed description thereof will not be repeated here. 
     As described above, in a thin film deposition apparatus according to aspects of the present invention and a method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting display device according to aspects of the present invention by using the thin film deposition apparatus, the thin film deposition apparatus may be simply applied to manufacture large-sized display devices on a mass scale. In addition, the thin film deposition apparatus and the organic-light-emitting display device may be easily manufactured, may improve manufacturing yield and deposition efficiency, and may allow deposition materials to be reused. 
     Although a few embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in this embodiment without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the claims and their equivalents.