Patent Publication Number: US-2021187639-A1

Title: Systems and methods for saw tooth milling to prevent chip fraud

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for milling patterns for a card, such as a smartcard, and more particularly, to systems and methods for saw tooth milling to prevent chip fraud. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Removing a chip from one smartcard and inserting it into another smartcard or other device increases the risk of fraud. Moreover, conventional chip placement methods, such as methods that use smooth milling patterns, are ineffective due to the ease of chip removal. For example, for smartcards having chips, there is a significant likelihood of the removal of chips that are not securely positioned, such as by physical removal or thermal removal, and these chips may then be subject to re-implantation into another card or other device. As a consequence, smartcards having chips may be fraudulently manipulated, reprogrammed, and/or otherwise misused. 
     These and other deficiencies exist. Accordingly, there is a need for a chip fraud prevention system that improves security, reduces the risk of fraud, reduces cost, and increases durability. 
     SUMMARY 
     Aspects of the disclosed technology include systems and methods for milling patterns for a card, such as a smartcard. Various embodiments describe systems and methods for saw tooth milling to prevent chip fraud. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a chip fraud prevention system that may comprise a device including a chip. The chip may be at least partially encompassed in a chip pocket. The chip pocket may include one or more shapes. The one or more shapes may include one or more peaks and one or more valleys. The one or more connections may be communicatively coupled to one or more surfaces of the chip. The one or more connections may be placed between at least one of the one or more peaks or one or more valleys, or any combination thereof. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method of preventing chip removal comprising the steps of: positioning a chip of a device in a reservoir, wherein the reservoir comprises one or more shapes, the one or more shapes comprising one or more peaks and one or more valleys formed in a saw tooth milling pattern; and communicatively coupling one or more components to a first surface of the chip, the one or more components placed between at least one of the one or more peaks or one or more valleys, or any combination thereof. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a contactless card including a substrate layer. The contactless card may include one or more integrated circuits positioned in one or more housings, wherein each of the one or more housings includes one or more shapes. The one or more shapes may include one or more peaks and one or more valleys, and one or more air gaps, formed in a saw tooth milling pattern. One or more connections may be communicatively coupled to one or more surfaces of each of the one or more integrated circuits. The one or more connections may include at least one or more wires, pins, or any combination thereof. The one or more connections may be placed between at least one of the one or more peaks or one or more valleys, or any combination thereof. 
     Further features of the disclosed design, and the advantages offered thereby, are explained in greater detail hereinafter with reference to specific example embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1A  is an illustration of a card according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 1B  is an illustration of a contact pad of a card according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 2A  is an illustration of a contact pad and a chip according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 2B  is an illustration of a contact pad and a chip according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 2C  is an illustration of a contact pad and a chip according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 2D  is an illustration of a contact pad and a chip according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 2E  is an illustration of a contact pad and a chip according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 2F  is an illustration of a contact pad and a chip according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 3A  is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a chip pocket and a chip according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 3B  is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a chip pocket and a chip according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 3C  is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a chip pocket and a chip according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 3D  is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a chip pocket and a chip according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 3E  is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a chip pocket and a chip according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 3F  is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a chip pocket and a chip according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 3G  is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a chip pocket and a chip according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 3H  is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a chip pocket and a chip according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a method of making a card according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a schematic of one or more layers of the contactless card according to an example embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS 
     Systems and methods described herein are directed to improving durability for chip placement methods in a contactless card, including saw tooth milling pattern and other means of preventing removal of the chip described herein. As further described below, the saw tooth milling pattern promotes the success of adhesion of the chip to a chip pocket of the contactless card while also creating an uneven cutting process to prevent removal of the chip. As a consequence of this and the other removal prevention designs described herein, chip fraud is reduced or eliminated. Further cost and resource savings may be achieved through a decrease in fraud, including decreased needs for investigating and refunding fraudulent transactions, customer support, and replacing smartcards. 
       FIG. 1A  illustrates one or more contactless cards  100 , which may comprise a payment card, such as a credit card, debit card, or gift card, issued by a service provider  105  displayed on the front or back of the card  100 . In some examples, the contactless card  100  is not related to a payment card, and may comprise, without limitation, an identification card, a membership card, a data storage card, or other type of card. In some examples, the payment card may comprise a contactless card, such as a dual interface contactless payment card, a contact card that requires physical contact with a card reader, or other type of chip-based card. The card  100  may comprise a substrate  101 , which may include a single layer or one or more laminated layers composed of plastics, metals, and other materials. Exemplary substrate materials include polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride acetate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polycarbonate, polyesters, anodized titanium, palladium, gold, carbon, paper, and biodegradable materials. In some examples, the card  100  may have physical characteristics compliant with the ID-1 format of the ISO/IEC 7810 standard, and the card may otherwise be compliant with the ISO/IEC 14443 standard. However, it is understood that the card  100  according to the present disclosure may have different characteristics, and the present disclosure does not require a card to be implemented in a payment card. 
     The card  100  may comprise account number information  110  that may be displayed on the front and/or back of the card  100 . The card  100  may also include identification information  115  displayed on the front and/or back of the card  100 , and a contact pad  120 . In some examples, identification information  115  may comprise one or more of cardholder name and expiration date of the card  100 . The contact pad  120  may be configured to establish contact with another communication device, such as a user device, smart phone, laptop, desktop, or tablet computer. The card  100  may also include processing circuitry, antenna and other components not shown in  FIG. 1A . These components may be located behind the contact pad  120  or elsewhere on the substrate  101 . The card  100  may also include a magnetic strip or tape, which may be located on the back of the card (not shown in  FIG. 1A ). 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 1B , the contact pad  120  of  FIG. 1A  may include processing circuitry  125  for storing and processing information, including a microprocessor  130  and a memory  135 . It is understood that the processing circuitry  125  may contain additional components, including processors, memories, error and parity/CRC checkers, data encoders, anticollision algorithms, controllers, command decoders, security primitives and tamperproofing hardware, as necessary to perform the functions described herein. 
     The memory  135  may be a read-only memory, write-once read-multiple memory or read/write memory, e.g., RAM, ROM, and EEPROM, and the card  100  may include one or more of these memories. A read-only memory may be factory programmable as read-only or one-time programmable. One-time programmability provides the opportunity to write once then read many times. A write once/read-multiple memory may be programmed at a point in time after the memory chip has left the factory. Once the memory is programmed, it may not be rewritten, but it may be read many times. A read/write memory may be programmed and re-programmed many times after leaving the factory. It may also be read many times. 
     The memory  135  may be configured to store one or more applets  140 , one or more counters  145 , and a customer identifier  150 . The one or more applets  140  may comprise one or more software applications configured to execute on one or more cards, such as Java Card applet. However, it is understood that applets  140  are not limited to Java Card applets, and instead may be any software application operable on cards or other devices having limited memory. The one or more counters  145  may comprise a numeric counter sufficient to store an integer. The customer identifier  150  may comprise a unique alphanumeric identifier assigned to a user of the card  100 , and the identifier may distinguish the user of the card from other card users. In some examples, the customer identifier  150  may identify both a customer and an account assigned to that customer and may further identify the card associated with the customer&#39;s account. 
     The processor and memory elements of the foregoing exemplary embodiments are described with reference to the contact pad, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. It is understood that these elements may be implemented outside of the pad  120  or entirely separate from it, or as further elements in addition to processor  130  and memory  135  elements located within the contact pad  120 . 
     In some examples, the card  100  may comprise one or more antennas  155 . The one or more antennas  155  may be placed within the card  100  and around the processing circuitry  125  of the contact pad  120 . For example, the one or more antennas  155  may be integral with the processing circuitry  125  and the one or more antennas  155  may be used with an external booster coil. As another example, the one or more antennas  155  may be external to the contact pad  120  and the processing circuitry  125 . 
     In an embodiment, the coil of card  100  may act as the secondary of an air core transformer. The terminal may communicate with the card  100  by cutting power or amplitude modulation. The card  100  may infer the data transmitted from the terminal using the gaps in the card&#39;s power connection, which may be functionally maintained through one or more capacitors. The card  100  may communicate back by switching a load on the card&#39;s coil or load modulation. Load modulation may be detected in the terminal&#39;s coil through interference. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 2A , system  200  depicts various schematics of a surface of a contact pad and a chip.  FIG. 2A  may reference the same or similar components as illustrated in  FIG. 1A  and  FIG. 1B , including the card, chip and the contact pad. In some examples, the chip may comprise an integrated circuit. In one example, contact pad  205  may include a planar surface  210  comprising a pad substrate  215  and a chip  220  embedded, integrated, or otherwise in communication with contact pad  205  via one or more electronic components or connections  225 . For example, one or more connections  225  may comprise one or more leads, wires or pins, or any combination thereof, communicatively coupled to chip  220 . One or more connections  225  may be configured to connect to a chip surface  230  of the chip  220 . As illustrated in  FIG. 2A , the chip surface  230  may comprise an exterior region of chip  220 , and the chip  220  is shown as projecting outwards from card  205  to depict its connectivity. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 2B , the one or more connections  225 , as previously depicted in  FIG. 2A , are shown as being removed.  FIG. 2B  may reference the same or similar components of contact pad  205  as previously described with reference to  FIG. 2A . In some examples, removal of the one or more connections  225  may take place by one or more structures  265 , including but not limited to one or more of wire cutters, scissors, clippers, picks, pliers, pins, threads, needles, blades, knives, or any other structure, or any combination thereof, configured to remove the one or more connections  225 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 2C , the one or more connections  225 , as previously depicted in  FIG. 2B , have been severed due to the removal by one or more structures  265  as explained above with reference to  FIG. 2B .  FIG. 2C  may reference the same or similar components of card  205  as previously described with reference to  FIG. 2B . 
       FIG. 2D  illustrates another example of a contact pad and a chip. As shown in  FIG. 2D , contact pad  235  includes a planar surface  240  comprising a pad substrate  245  and a chip  250  embedded, integrated, or otherwise in communication with card  205  via one or more electronic components or connections  255 . For example, one or more connections  255  may comprise one or more wires or pins, or any combination thereof, communicatively coupled to chip  250 . One or more connections  255  may be configured to connect a surface  260  of the chip  250 . As illustrated in  FIG. 2D , surface  260  may comprise an interior region of chip  250 , and the chip  250  is shown as projecting outwards from card  205  to depict its connectivity. As further illustrated in  FIG. 2D , one or more connections  255  of card  235  have not yet been severed. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 2E , the one or more connections  255  of card  235 , as previously depicted in  FIG. 2D , are shown as being removed.  FIG. 2E  may reference the same or similar components of card  235  as previously described with reference to  FIG. 2D . In some examples, removal of the one or more leads  255  may take place by one or more structures  265 , including but not limited to one or more of wire cutters, scissors, clippers, picks, pliers, pins, threads, needles, blades, knives, or any other structure, or any combination thereof, configured to remove one or more connections  255 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 2F , the one or more connections  255  of card  235 , as previously depicted in  FIG. 2E , have been severed due to the removal by one or more structures  265  as explained above with reference to  FIG. 2E .  FIG. 2F  may reference the same or similar components of card  235  as previously described with reference to  FIG. 2E . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 3A , system  300  depicts a schematic of cross-sectional view of a chip pocket of a card.  FIG. 3A  may reference the same or similar components as illustrated in  FIGS. 2A-2F , such as a card, one or more connections, and a chip. Card  305  may comprise a chip  310  that is at least partially or wholly positioned on or at least partially or wholly encompassed or at least partially or wholly integrated within a housing or reservoir, the housing or reservoir comprising a chip pocket  315 . In some examples, the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  may comprise one or more air gaps. In some examples, the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  may comprise one or more tapered or jagged edges. Although single instances of the chip  310  are depicted in  FIG. 3A , one or more chips  310  of card  305  may be at least partially or wholly positioned on or at least partially or wholly encompassed or at least partially or wholly integrated within one or more housings or reservoirs. 
     In some examples, the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  of the chip pocket  315  may be generated or designed via a saw tooth milling pattern. The saw tooth milling pattern may be programmed or machined by a machine (not shown). In contrast to a smooth milling pattern, the saw tooth milling pattern for the chip pocket  315  or a derivation of the saw tooth milling pattern, makes it difficult to attempt removal and/or remove the chip  310  from the card  305 . Thus, the saw tooth milling pattern promotes the success of adhesion of the chip  310  to the chip pocket  315  while also creating an uneven cutting process to prevent removal of the chip  310 . In addition, one or more adhesives may be applied within the air gaps between the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  (e.g., to completely or partially fill the air gaps), which may strengthen the adhesion of the chip  310  within the chip pocket  315 . As a consequence of this removal prevention design, removal of the chip may be more difficult and chip fraud may be reduced. 
     In some examples, each of the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  of the chip pocket  315  may comprise same or different shapes, lengths, and/or dimensions so as to produce one or more arrangements of the one or more shapes. For example, although seven types of peaks and valleys are illustrated in  FIG. 3A , fewer or greater peaks and valleys may be included, and other types of peaks and valleys  320  may comprise one or more angled and/or curved portions. Accordingly, one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  may comprise different or irregular shapes, lengths, and/or dimensions. In some examples, one or more subsets of the one or more peaks and the one or more valleys  320  may be generated or repeated after a predetermined interval, or one or more subsets of the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  may generated or repeated at random, as determined by one or more machining processes. Although  FIG. 3A  depicts the card  305 , chip  310 , one or more connections  320 , and one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320 , different variations may be used within a given card  305  issuance, such that the same card issued by an institution may have a number of different patterns based on the particular card  305  that is prepared for the user. In the event the user misplaces their card  305 , a new card may be issued with an entirely different pattern to replace the previous card. 
       FIG. 3B  illustrates another example embodiment of the system  300  shown in  FIG. 3A , including a card  305 , a chip  310 , a chip pocket  315 , and one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  that may comprise one or more air gaps. As shown in  FIG. 3B , one or more connections  325 , which may comprise one or more leads, wires or pins, or any combination thereof, may be communicatively coupled to at least a portion of the chip  310 . The one or more connection  325  may be disposed between the one or peaks and one or more valleys  320 . In some examples, the one or more connections  325  may be disposed within air gaps between the one or peaks and one or more valleys  320 . In other examples, the one or more connections  325  may be disposed within the adhesive that may completely or partially fill the air gaps. In either case, if any of the one or more connections  325  are severed during an attempt to remove the chip  310 , the chip  310  may not properly function. Accordingly, disposing the one or more leads between the one or peaks and one or more valleys  320  may increase the difficulty of removing the chip and reduce the likelihood that chip fraud may be committed. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 3C , system  300  depicts a schematic of cross-sectional view of a chip pocket of a card.  FIG. 3C  may reference the same or similar components as illustrated in  FIGS. 3A-3B , such as a card, one or more connections, and a chip. Card  305  may comprise a chip  310  that is at least partially or wholly positioned on or at least partially or wholly encompassed or at least partially or wholly integrated within a housing or reservoir, the housing or reservoir comprising a chip pocket  315 . In some examples, the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  may comprise one or more air gaps. In some examples, the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  may comprise one or more tapered or jagged edges. Although single instances of the chip  310  are depicted in  FIG. 3C , one or more chips  310  of card  305  may be at least partially or wholly positioned on or at least partially or wholly encompassed or at least partially or wholly integrated within one or more housings or reservoirs. 
     In some examples, the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  of the chip pocket  315  may be generated or designed via a saw tooth milling pattern. The saw tooth milling pattern may be programmed or machined by a machine (not shown). In contrast to a smooth milling pattern, the saw tooth milling pattern for the chip pocket  315  or a derivation of the saw tooth milling pattern, makes it difficult to attempt removal and/or remove the chip  310  from the card  305 . Thus, the saw tooth milling pattern promotes the success of adhesion of the chip  310  to the chip pocket  315  while also creating an uneven cutting process to prevent removal of the chip  310 . In addition, one or more adhesives may be applied within the air gaps between the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  (e.g., to completely or partially fill the air gaps), which may strengthen the adhesion of the chip  310  within the chip pocket  315 . As a consequence of this removal prevention design, removal of the chip may be more difficult and chip fraud may be reduced. 
     In some examples, each of the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  of the chip pocket  315  may comprise same or different shapes, lengths, and/or dimensions so as to produce one or more arrangements of the one or more shapes. For example, although three peaks and four valleys are illustrated in  FIG. 3C , fewer or greater peaks and valleys may be included, and other types of peaks and valleys  320  may comprise one or more angled and/or curved portions. Accordingly, one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  may comprise different or irregular shapes, lengths, and/or dimensions. In some examples, one or more subsets of the one or more peaks and the one or more valleys  320  may be generated or repeated after a predetermined interval, or one or more subsets of the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  may generated or repeated at random, as determined by one or more machining processes. Although  FIG. 3C  depicts the card  305 , chip  310 , one or more connections  320 , and one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320 , different variations may be used within a given card  305  issuance, such that the same card issued by an institution may have a number of different patterns based on the particular card  305  that is prepared for the user. In the event the user misplaces their card  305 , a new card may be issued with an entirely different pattern to replace the previous card. 
       FIG. 3D  illustrates another example embodiment of the system  300  shown in  FIG. 3C , including a card  305 , a chip  310 , a chip pocket  315 , and one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  that may comprise one or more air gaps. As shown in  FIG. 3D , one or more connections  325 , which may comprise one or more leads, wires or pins, or any combination thereof, may be communicatively coupled to at least a portion of the chip  310 . The one or more connection  325  may be disposed between the one or peaks and one or more valleys  320 . In some examples, the one or more connections  325  may be disposed within air gaps between the one or peaks and one or more valleys  320 . In other examples, the one or more connections  325  may be disposed within the adhesive that may completely or partially fill the air gaps. In either case, if any of the one or more connections  325  are severed during an attempt to remove the chip  310 , the chip  310  may not properly function. Accordingly, disposing the one or more leads between the one or peaks and one or more valleys  320  may increase the difficulty of removing the chip and reduce the likelihood that chip fraud may be committed. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 3E , system  300  depicts a schematic of cross-sectional view of a chip pocket of a card.  FIG. 3E  may reference the same or similar components as illustrated in  FIGS. 3A-3D , such as a card, one or more connections, and a chip. Card  305  may comprise a chip  310  that is at least partially or wholly positioned on or at least partially or wholly encompassed or at least partially or wholly integrated within a housing or reservoir, the housing or reservoir comprising a chip pocket  315 . In some examples, the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  may comprise one or more air gaps. In some examples, the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  may comprise one or more tapered or jagged edges. Although single instances of the chip  310  are depicted in  FIG. 3E , one or more chips  310  of card  305  may be at least partially or wholly positioned on or at least partially or wholly encompassed or at least partially or wholly integrated within one or more housings or reservoirs. 
     In some examples, the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  of the chip pocket  315  may be generated or designed via a saw tooth milling pattern. The saw tooth milling pattern may be programmed or machined by a machine (not shown). In contrast to a smooth milling pattern, the saw tooth milling pattern for the chip pocket  315  or a derivation of the saw tooth milling pattern, makes it difficult to attempt removal and/or remove the chip  310  from the card  305 . Thus, the saw tooth milling pattern promotes the success of adhesion of the chip  310  to the chip pocket  315  while also creating an uneven cutting process to prevent removal of the chip  310 . In addition, one or more adhesives may be applied within the air gaps between the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  (e.g., to completely or partially fill the air gaps), which may strengthen the adhesion of the chip  310  within the chip pocket  315 . As a consequence of this removal prevention design, removal of the chip may be more difficult and chip fraud may be reduced. 
     In some examples, each of the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  of the chip pocket  315  may comprise same or different shapes, lengths, and/or dimensions so as to produce one or more arrangements of the one or more shapes. For example, although three peaks and four valleys are illustrated in  FIG. 3E , fewer or greater peaks and valleys may be included, and other types of peaks and valleys  320  may comprise one or more angled and/or curved portions. Accordingly, one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  may comprise different or irregular shapes, lengths, and/or dimensions. In some examples, one or more subsets of the one or more peaks and the one or more valleys  320  may be generated or repeated after a predetermined interval, or one or more subsets of the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  may generated or repeated at random, as determined by one or more machining processes. Although  FIG. 3E  depicts the card  305 , chip  310 , one or more connections  320 , and one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320 , different variations may be used within a given card  305  issuance, such that the same card issued by an institution may have a number of different patterns based on the particular card  305  that is prepared for the user. In the event the user misplaces their card  305 , a new card may be issued with an entirely different pattern to replace the previous card. 
       FIG. 3F  illustrates another example embodiment of the system  300  shown in  FIG. 3E , including a card  305 , a chip  310 , a chip pocket  315 , and one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  that may comprise one or more air gaps. As shown in  FIG. 3F , one or more connections  325 , which may comprise one or more leads, wires or pins, or any combination thereof, may be communicatively coupled to at least a portion of the chip  310 . In some examples, the one or more connections  325  may be disposed within air gaps between the one or peaks and one or more valleys  320 . In other examples, the one or more connections  325  may be disposed within the adhesive that may completely or partially fill the air gaps. In either case, if any of the one or more connections  325  are severed during an attempt to remove the chip  310 , the chip  310  may not properly function. Accordingly, disposing the one or more leads between the one or peaks and one or more valleys  320  may increase the difficulty of removing the chip and reduce the likelihood that chip fraud may be committed. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 3G , system  300  depicts a schematic of cross-sectional view of a chip pocket of a card.  FIG. 3G  may reference the same or similar components as illustrated in  FIGS. 3A-3F , such as a card, one or more connections, and a chip. Card  305  may comprise a chip  310  that is at least partially or wholly positioned on or at least partially or wholly encompassed or at least partially or wholly integrated within a housing or reservoir, the housing or reservoir comprising a chip pocket  315 . In some examples, the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  may comprise one or more air gaps. In some examples, the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  may comprise one or more tapered or jagged edges. Although single instances of the chip  310  are depicted in  FIG. 3G , one or more chips  310  of card  305  may be at least partially or wholly positioned on or at least partially or wholly encompassed or at least partially or wholly integrated within one or more housings or reservoirs. 
     In some examples, the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  of the chip pocket  315  may be generated or designed via a saw tooth milling pattern. The saw tooth milling pattern may be programmed or machined by a machine (not shown). In contrast to a smooth milling pattern, the saw tooth milling pattern for the chip pocket  315  or a derivation of the saw tooth milling pattern, makes it difficult to attempt removal and/or remove the chip  310  from the card  305 . Thus, the saw tooth milling pattern promotes the success of adhesion of the chip  310  to the chip pocket  315  while also creating an uneven cutting process to prevent removal of the chip  310 . In addition, one or more adhesives may be applied within the air gaps between the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  (e.g., to completely or partially fill the air gaps), which may strengthen the adhesion of the chip  310  within the chip pocket  315 . As a consequence of this removal prevention design, removal of the chip may be more difficult and chip fraud may be reduced. 
     In some examples, each of the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  of the chip pocket  315  may comprise same or different shapes, lengths, and/or dimensions so as to produce one or more arrangements of the one or more shapes. For example, although two peaks and three valleys are illustrated in  FIG. 3G , fewer or greater peaks and valleys may be included, and other types of peaks and valleys  320  may comprise one or more angled and/or curved portions. Accordingly, one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  may comprise different or irregular shapes, lengths, and/or dimensions. In some examples, one or more subsets of the one or more peaks and the one or more valleys  320  may be generated or repeated after a predetermined interval, or one or more subsets of the one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  may generated or repeated at random, as determined by one or more machining processes. Although  FIG. 3G  depicts the card  305 , chip  310 , one or more connections  320 , and one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320 , different variations may be used within a given card  305  issuance, such that the same card issued by an institution may have a number of different patterns based on the particular card  305  that is prepared for the user. In the event the user misplaces their card  305 , a new card may be issued with an entirely different pattern to replace the previous card. 
       FIG. 3H  illustrates another example embodiment of the system  300  shown in  FIG. 3H , including a card  305 , a chip  310 , a chip pocket  315 , and one or more peaks and one or more valleys  320  that may comprise one or more air gaps. As shown in  FIG. 3H , one or more connections  325 , which may comprise one or more leads, wires or pins, or any combination thereof, may be communicatively coupled to at least a portion of the chip  310 . In some examples, the one or more connections  325  may be disposed within air gaps between the one or peaks and one or more valleys  320 . In other examples, the one or more connections  325  may be disposed within the adhesive that may completely or partially fill the air gaps. In either case, if any of the one or more connections  325  are severed during an attempt to remove the chip  310 , the chip  310  may not properly function. Accordingly, disposing the one or more connections  325  between the one or peaks and one or more valleys  320  may increase the difficulty of removing the chip and reduce the likelihood that chip fraud may be committed. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a method  400  of making a card.  FIG. 4  may reference the same or similar components of  FIGS. 1-3 , as explained above. 
     At block  410 , method may comprise laminating one or more layers together. In some examples, the one or more layers may comprise an outermost or exterior layer which includes a layer that receives paint, ink, or laser treatment. The outermost or exterior layer may comprise the ceiling or top layer of the one or more laminated layers. The outermost or exterior layer may comprise a thin film that receives laser personalization. In some examples, the laser personalization may comprise custom laser personalization. 
     The one or more layers may further comprise one or more artwork layers positioned below the outermost or exterior layer. For example, the one or more artwork layers may comprise personalized information about the user and/or financial institution that issues the card. 
     The one or more layers may further comprise one or more metal core layers positioned below the one or more artwork layers. 
     The one or more layers may comprise one or more magnetic stripe layer positioned below the one or more metal core layers. In some examples, the one or more magnetic stripe layers may comprise the innermost or interior layer of the card. 
     In some examples, the one or more layers may be arranged in one or more sheets. By way of an example, each sheet may comprise a plurality of cards. In some examples, one or more sheets may comprise 50 or more cards. The one or more sheets may be fed to a laminating press which is configured to laminate the one or more layers together. In some examples, the lamination process may comprise hot lamination or cold lamination. At this point, the card includes the one or more layers, and does not yet include personal information, a signature panel, a hologram, and a chip. 
     At block  420 , a hologram may be placed on the card. In some examples, the hologram may comprise a secure hologram, and the hologram may be placed on an area of the card. In some examples, the hologram may be placed on a secure area of the card that may be checked by a merchant. 
     At block  430 , a signature panel may be placed on the card. In some examples, the signature panel may be heat stamped onto a portion the card. The signature panel may also be checked by a merchant. The signature panel may be placed on a portion of the card, such as the back of the card. 
     At block  440 , the card may be transferred to one or more machines. The one or more machines may comprise a stamping machine and may be configured to mill one or more chip pockets and embed a chip into the card. In some examples, the card may comprise a chip that is at least partially or wholly positioned on or at least partially or wholly encompassed or at least partially or wholly integrated within a housing or reservoir, the housing or reservoir comprising a chip pocket. As further discussed below, one or more connections may communicatively couple at least a portion, such as a surface, of the chip which may be at least partially or wholly disposed on one or more peaks and one or more valleys of the chip pocket. In some examples, the one or more peaks and one or more valleys may comprise one or more air gaps. In some examples, the one or more peaks and one or more valleys may comprise one or more tapered or jagged edges. 
     In some examples, the one or more peaks and one or more valleys of the chip pocket may be generated or designed via a saw tooth milling pattern. The saw tooth milling pattern may be programmed or machined by a machine. In contrast to a smooth milling pattern, the saw tooth milling pattern for the chip pocket and one or more connections, or a derivation of the saw tooth milling pattern, makes it difficult to attempt removal and/or remove the chip from the card. Thus, the saw tooth milling pattern promotes the success of adhesion of the chip to the chip pocket while also creating an uneven cutting process to prevent removal of the chip. As a consequence of this removal prevention design, chip fraud is eliminated. 
     In some examples, each of the one or more peaks and one or more valleys of the chip pocket may comprise same or different shapes, lengths, and/or dimensions so as to produce one or more arrangements of the one or more shapes. Accordingly, one or more connections may comprise different or irregular shapes, lengths, and/or dimensions. In some examples, one or more subsets of the one or more peaks and the one or more valleys may be generated or repeated after a predetermined interval, or one or more subsets of the one or more peaks and one or more valleys may generated or repeated at random, as determined by one or more machining processes. For example, one or more peaks and one or more valleys may be included, and other types of peaks and valleys may comprise one or more angled and/or curved portions. Different variations may be used within a given card issuance, such that the same card issued by an institution may have a number of different patterns based on the particular card that is prepared for the user. In the event the user misplaces their card, a new card may be issued with an entirely different pattern to replace the previous card. 
     In some examples, the chip may comprise an integrated circuit. In one example, card may include a planar surface comprising a substrate, and a chip embedded or integrated or otherwise in communication with card via one or more electronic components or connections. For example, the one or more connections may comprise one or more leads, wires or pins, or any combination thereof, communicatively coupled to chip. One or more connections may be configured to connect a surface of the chip. The surface may comprise an exterior region of chip, and the chip may project outwards from card to depict its connectivity. 
     In another example, the card may include a chip embedded or integrated or otherwise in communication with card via one or more electronic components or connections. For example, one or more connections may comprise one or more wires or pins, or any combination thereof, communicatively coupled to chip. One or more connections may be configured to connect a surface of the chip. The surface may comprise an interior region of chip, and the chip may be project outwards from the card to depict its connectivity. 
     At block  450 , after the one or more chip pockets are created for housing the chip, the one or more machines may be configured to punch the chip into the one or more chip pockets. In some examples, other machines may be used in lieu of the stamping machine to punch the chip into the one or more chip pockets. 
     At block  460 , the chip may include MasterCard or Visa information. At this point, no other information exists within the chip, such as card information or to whom the card is assigned to. The card may be associated with one or more card identifiers. In some examples, the one or more card identifiers may be printed adjacent to a corner of the card; however, other regions of the card may be used for display of the one or more card identifiers. 
     At block  470 , the card may be sent to a vault or facility, such as a personalization facility, and the card is ready for pick up. One or more machines within the vault or facility may request the card based on the one or more card identifiers. The one or more machines may receive the card based on the one or more card identifiers and may perform encoding of the magnetic stripe; printing of data, such as account number information and user information, including first and last name, on the front and/or back of the card; encoding of the chip. For example, the card may comprise identification information displayed on the front and/or back of the card, and a contact pad. In some examples, the identification information may comprise one or more of cardholder name and expiration date of the card. The card may also include a magnetic stripe or tape, which may be located on the back of the card. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a schematic of one or more layers of the card  500 .  FIG. 5  may reference the same or similar components of  FIGS. 1-4  as explained above. 
     Card  500  may comprise one or more layers that are laminated together. Although single instances of each layer are depicted in  FIG. 5 , card  500  may include one or more layers for each layer. In some examples, the card  500  may comprise a first layer  510 , such as an outermost or exterior layer which includes a layer that receives paint, ink, or laser treatment. The outermost or exterior layer may comprise the ceiling or top layer of the one or more laminated layers. The outermost or exterior layer may comprise a thin film that receives laser personalization. In some examples, the laser personalization may comprise custom laser personalization. 
     Card  500  may further comprise a second layer, including one or more artwork layers  520  positioned below the outermost or exterior layer  510 . For example, the one or more artwork layers  520  may comprise personalized information about the user and/or financial institution that issues the card  500 . 
     Card  500  may further comprise a third layer  530 , including one or more metal core layers positioned below the one or more artwork layers  520 . 
     Card  500  may further comprise a fourth layer  540 , including one or more magnetic stripe layer positioned below the one or more metal core layers  530 . In some examples, the one or more magnetic stripe layers  540  may comprise the innermost or interior layer of the card  500 . 
     As used herein, the terms “card,” “contactless card,” and “smartcard” are not limited to a particular type of card. Rather, it is understood that these terms can refer to a contact-based card, a contactless card, or any other card including a chip. It is further understood that the card may be any type of card containing a chip, including without limitation an identity card, a membership card, a loyalty card, an access card, a security card, and a badge. 
     Exemplary embodiments described herein relate to chips used in smartcards, however, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. It is understood that the present disclosure encompasses chips that may be used in a variety of devices that include electronic components having chips, including without limitation computing devices (e.g., laptop computers, desktop computers, and servers), vehicles (e.g., automobiles, airplanes, trains, and ships), appliances (e.g., televisions, refrigerators, air conditions, furnaces, microwaves, dish washers, smoke detectors, thermostats, and lights), mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablets), and wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches). 
     Throughout the specification and the claims, the following terms take at least the meanings explicitly associated herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or.” Further, the terms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to mean one or more unless specified otherwise or clear from the context to be directed to a singular form. 
     In this description, numerous specific details have been set forth. It is to be understood, however, that implementations of the disclosed technology may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description. References to “some examples,” “other examples,” “one example,” “an example,” “various examples,” “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “example embodiment,” “various embodiments,” “one implementation,” “an implementation,” “example implementation,” “various implementations,” “some implementations,” etc., indicate that the implementation(s) of the disclosed technology so described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every implementation necessarily includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Further, repeated use of the phrases “in one example,” “in one embodiment,” or “in one implementation” does not necessarily refer to the same example, embodiment, or implementation, although it may. 
     As used herein, unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinal adjectives “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., to describe a common object, merely indicate that different instances of like objects are being referred to, and are not intended to imply that the objects so described must be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking, or in any other manner. 
     While certain implementations of the disclosed technology have been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and various implementations, it is to be understood that the disclosed technology is not to be limited to the disclosed implementations, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. 
     This written description uses examples to disclose certain implementations of the disclosed technology, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice certain implementations of the disclosed technology, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of certain implementations of the disclosed technology is defined in the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.