Patent Publication Number: US-2021182917-A1

Title: Method and apparatus for managing broker curated deals in electronic advertising

Description:
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     The subject disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for managing broker curated deals in electronic advertising. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Electronic advertising (e.g., online display advertising) delivers promotional messages to consumers by using visual advertisements (or “ads”), such as in web pages. A publisher of a web page can insert an ad space in a web page where the ad space is a region of a web page (or other electronic document) where an advertisement can be placed. When the web page is displayed in a browser, a visual advertisement (e.g., a creative) of an advertiser can be dynamically retrieved from an ad server for the advertiser, and displayed in the ad space. Serving a creative on a web page for displaying is often referred to as an impression. 
     A collection of one or more ad spaces on web pages served by web sites of a publisher can be referred to as ad space inventory. Publishers can sell their ad space inventories, such as to advertisers. Multiple publishers and multiple advertisers can participate in auctions in which selling and buying of ad space inventories take place. Auctions can be conducted by an ad network or ad exchange for a group of publishers and a group of advertisers. 
     Selling and buying ad spaces can be based on pricing or payment models such as cost per thousand impressions (CPM), cost per click (CPC), and cost per action or acquisition (CPA). In the CPM model, advertisers typically pay for every impression of their advertisement; the price paid for each impression is measured in price per 1000 (“mille”) impressions. In the CPC model, advertisers typically pay each time a viewer clicks on their advertisement. In the CPA model, advertisers pay for every action, such as a sale or registration, completed as a result of a viewer clicking on their advertisement. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary, non-limiting embodiment of a communications network in accordance with various aspects described herein. 
         FIG. 2A  is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limiting embodiment of a data flow in a system that provides broker deal electronic advertising in accordance with various aspects described herein. 
         FIG. 2B  is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limiting embodiment of a system that provides broker deal electronic advertising in accordance with various aspects described herein. 
         FIG. 2C  depicts an illustrative embodiment of a method that provides broker deal electronic advertising in accordance with various aspects described herein. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limiting embodiment of a virtualized communication network in accordance with various aspects described herein. 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of a computing environment in accordance with various aspects described herein. 
         FIG. 5  is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of a mobile network platform in accordance with various aspects described herein. 
         FIG. 6  is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of a communication device in accordance with various aspects described herein. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The subject disclosure describes, among other things, illustrative embodiments for curated deal auctions which can be conducted where a broker (also known as a curator) aggregates inventory across multiple sellers and offers that up to buyers. In one or more embodiments, the selection of a creative to fill an ad space can be done via a number of different techniques which can also include a combination of techniques such as through use of a unified platform including one or more of direct sales, open exchange, and/or private exchanges. The creative can be of various types including a visual or audio advertisement such as an image, an animation, a video clip, or an audio clip. Other types of a creative are possible. As an example, certain auctions can be conducted that involve two parties: a seller who&#39;s offering inventory on an exchange and a buyer that targets that inventory. As another example, alone or in conjunction with the auctions, deal auctions (e.g., including deals that are provided via an SSP server and/or deals that are provided via the equipment of the entity managing the advertising exchange) can be conducted where a seller packages their own inventory into a deal object and offers preferential terms (e.g., pricing, priority, and/or creative attributes) to a specific buyer. As yet another example, alone or in conjunction with the auctions and/or the deal auctions, curated deal auctions can be conducted where a broker aggregates inventory across multiple sellers and offers that up to buyers. For instance in some curated deal auctions, the broker can augment the curated deals with other data, such as data collected by or otherwise obtained by the broker (e.g., a merchant website that collects sales history data for users and that operates as a broker to aggregate inventory across multiple sellers and offers that up to buyers while also providing collected data to facilitate the curated deals). Other data can also be provided (e.g., subject to opt-in or authorization of the end users) including content consumption history, search histories, and so forth. 
     In one or more embodiments, the curated deals can be done without any preferential terms or access to buyers. In one or more embodiments, the broker can arbitrage on the inventory. In one or more embodiments, the exchange can impose a fee on the broker for this advertising product that they are offering. In one or more embodiments, curated deals can be in various forms such as curation activity where the seller is passively included (i.e., inventory aggregation deals) and/or curation activity where the seller is taking deliberate action to be a part of the deal (i.e., roll up deals). For example, a curated deal that is an inventory aggregation deal can target any seller inventory available on the exchange. In this example, the curated deal may have no additional visibility into the inventory than an exchange buyer. As another example, a curated deal that is a roll up deal can include the seller explicitly contributing inventory into curated deals by providing a deal (e.g., a seller deal) for the curation member to target. For instance, the seller&#39;s deal may provide preferential access and/or pricing. In one embodiment, exchange curated deals or multi-seller deals can be implemented which are curated deals where the broker is operated by an entity providing or otherwise supporting the unified platform. For example, the exchange curated deals can provide buyers with access to data and information to provide for a better understanding of supply, brand-safety, and/or other purchasing factors that facilitate decisions by the buyers. In one embodiment, an entity providing or otherwise implementing an exchange curated deal can apply a seller specific charge on these types of transactions. In one or more embodiments, curated deals such as exchange curated deals can include packaging of service provider data (e.g., first party data) to the buyers such as based on authorizations provided by the end users. For example, browsing history related to a particular type of product can be packaged in an exchange curated deal so that buyers can better understand the interests of the end user. The particular type of data being packaged can vary and can include one or more of historical content consumption, search history, purchase history, demographics, and so forth such as based on authorizations provided by the end users. In other embodiments, curated deals such as exchange curated deals can be provided without packaging first party data to the buyers. Other embodiments are described in the subject disclosure. 
     One or more aspects of the subject disclosure are a method including receiving, by a processing system, an ad call associated with an ad space available in media content that is being presented at an end user device. The processing system can identify a group of bidders from among a plurality of bidders, where the identifying is based on an analysis of seller&#39;s line items, sellers deals, and curated deals, where the seller&#39;s line items are associated with buyers, where the seller deals are associated with a seller that aggregates deal inventory of the seller including the ad space and offers preferential terms, where the curated deals are offered by brokers, where the curated deals aggregate curated deal inventory across a plurality of sellers including the seller, and where the curated deal inventory includes the ad space. The processing system can conduct auctions with the group of bidders, where the auctions include a curated deal auction associated with one or more of the curated deals. The processing system can obtain bids from the auctions. The processing system can determine a winning bid from among the bids. The processing system can provide a notification associated with the winning bid, where the notification causes the end user device to render a creative associated with the winning bid in the ad space. 
     One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include a device having a processing system including a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processing system, facilitate performance of operations. The operations include receiving an ad call associated with an ad space available in media content that is being presented at an end user device. The operations include identifying a group of bidders based on an analysis of line items and a curated deal. The operations include conducting auctions with the group of bidders, where the auctions include a curated deal auction based on the curated deal in which a broker aggregates curated deal inventory across a plurality of sellers including a seller of the ad space, and where the curated deal inventory includes the ad space. The operations include obtaining bids from the auctions. The operations include determining a winning bid from among the bids. The operations include providing a notification associated with the winning bid, where the notification causes the end user device to render a creative associated with the winning bid in the ad space. 
     One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include a non-transitory machine-readable medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processing system including a processor, facilitate performance of operations. The operations include receiving an ad call associated with an ad space available in media content that is being presented at an end user device. The operations include identifying a group of bidders based on an analysis of a curated deal. The operations include conducting auctions with the group of bidders, where the auctions include a curated deal auction based on the curated deal in which a broker aggregates curated deal inventory across a plurality of sellers including a seller of the ad space, and where the curated deal inventory includes the ad space. The operations include obtaining bids from the auctions and determining a winning bid from among the bids. The operations include providing a notification associated with the winning bid, where the notification causes the end user device to render a creative associated with the winning bid in the ad space. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 1 , a block diagram is shown illustrating an example, non-limiting embodiment of a communications network  100  in accordance with various aspects described herein. For example, communications network  100  can facilitate in whole or in part offering curated deals for electronic advertising (such as in an ad space in a web page, ad pods in a video, and so forth) where a broker aggregates inventory across multiple sellers and offers that up to buyers. These curated deals can be done alone or in conjunction with other selling techniques including direct sell, open exchange and/or private marketplace techniques. For instance, an ad call, which is associated with an ad space available in media content that is being presented at an end user device, can cause an identification or determination of potential buyers or bidders by a computing system. This process can be performed by the computing system in a number of different ways including based on an analysis of deal profiles, seller&#39;s line items, seller deals, and/or curated deals. The various information representative of seller deals, curated deals and so forth can be organized and managed in a number of different ways including through the use of line items. In one embodiment, seller&#39;s line items can be associated with buyers, the seller deals can be associated with a seller offering preferential terms to a buyer(s), and/or the curated deals can be associated with brokers that are aggregating inventory of more than one seller which can include third party entities (e.g., distinct from the buyers and the seller). In one embodiment, auctions can be conducted by the computing system with a group of bidders (e.g., bidders that have agreed to or otherwise are configured to engage in curated deals), where the auctions include a curated deal auction in which a broker of the brokers aggregates curated deal inventory across a plurality of sellers including the seller, and where the curated deal inventory includes the ad space. Bids can be obtained from the auctions and a winning bid can be determined from among the bids by the computing system. A notification associated with the winning bid can then be transmitted by the computing system, where the notification causes the end user device to render a creative associated with the winning bid in the ad space. The computing system can be various devices or combinations of devices including auction server  101  which can be in communication with the communications network  125 .  FIG. 1  illustrates an ad server  102  in communication with the communications network  125 , where the ad server can facilitate the process, including delivering of a particular creative of the winning bidder to the end user device presenting the media content which includes the ad space that is being sold. However, one, some or all of the functions described herein can be performed by the auction server  101 , the ad server  102 , another server not shown, or any combination thereof, including in a virtual computing device or a distributed processing environment. One, some or all of the functions described herein can also be performed in a client-side implementation (e.g., utilizing a script executed by the end user device, ad server  102 , or any combination thereof) and/or a server-side implementation (e.g., via auction server  101 , ad server  102 , another server not shown, or any combination thereof). In one or more embodiments, a CSAI implementation for managing digital advertising can be utilized via a code or script  103  (e.g. a javascript) operating on or otherwise being executed by an end user device that will be rendering the content and ad space. The script  103  can perform various functions including one or more of prebidding, ad insertion, communicating with various devices (e.g., ad server  102  and/or auction server  101 ) and so forth. In this example, the script  103  can be utilized in conjunction with one or more of the functions described herein where curated deals are analyzed to determine winning bidders. 
     In particular, a communications network  125  is presented for providing broadband access  110  to a plurality of data terminals  114  via access terminal  112 , wireless access  120  to a plurality of mobile devices  124  and vehicle  126  via base station or access point  122 , voice access  130  to a plurality of telephony devices  134 , via switching device  132  and/or media access  140  to a plurality of audio/video display devices  144  via media terminal  142 . In addition, communication network  125  is coupled to one or more content sources  175  of audio, video, graphics, text and/or other media. While broadband access  110 , wireless access  120 , voice access  130  and media access  140  are shown separately, one or more of these forms of access can be combined to provide multiple access services to a single client device (e.g., mobile devices  124  can receive media content via media terminal  142 , data terminal  114  can be provided voice access via switching device  132 , and so on). 
     The communications network  125  includes a plurality of network elements (NE)  150 ,  152 ,  154 ,  156 , etc. for facilitating the broadband access  110 , wireless access  120 , voice access  130 , media access  140  and/or the distribution of content from content sources  175 . The communications network  125  can include a circuit switched or packet switched network, a voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) network, Internet protocol (IP) network, a cable network, a passive or active optical network, a 4G, 5G, or higher generation wireless access network, WIMAX network, UltraWideband network, personal area network or other wireless access network, a broadcast satellite network and/or other communications network. 
     In various embodiments, the access terminal  112  can include a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM), cable modem termination system (CMTS), optical line terminal (OLT) and/or other access terminal. The data terminals  114  can include personal computers, laptop computers, netbook computers, tablets or other computing devices along with digital subscriber line (DSL) modems, data over coax service interface specification (DOCSIS) modems or other cable modems, a wireless modem such as a 4G, 5G, or higher generation modem, an optical modem and/or other access devices. 
     In various embodiments, the base station or access point  122  can include a 4G, 5G, or higher generation base station, an access point that operates via an 802.11 standard such as 802.11n, 802.11ac or other wireless access terminal. The mobile devices  124  can include mobile phones, e-readers, tablets, phablets, wireless modems, and/or other mobile computing devices. 
     In various embodiments, the switching device  132  can include a private branch exchange or central office switch, a media services gateway, VoIP gateway or other gateway device and/or other switching device. The telephony devices  134  can include traditional telephones (with or without a terminal adapter), VoIP telephones and/or other telephony devices. 
     In various embodiments, the media terminal  142  can include a cable head-end or other TV head-end, a satellite receiver, gateway or other media terminal  142 . The display devices  144  can include televisions with or without a set top box, personal computers and/or other display devices. 
     In various embodiments, the content sources  175  include broadcast television and radio sources, video on demand platforms and streaming video and audio services platforms, one or more content data networks, data servers, web servers and other content servers, and/or other sources of media. 
     In various embodiments, the communications network  125  can include wired, optical and/or wireless links and the network elements  150 ,  152 ,  154 ,  156 , etc. can include service switching points, signal transfer points, service control points, network gateways, media distribution hubs, servers, firewalls, routers, edge devices, switches and other network nodes for routing and controlling communications traffic over wired, optical and wireless links as part of the Internet and other public networks as well as one or more private networks, for managing subscriber access, for billing and network management and for supporting other network functions. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2A , a block diagram is shown illustrating an example, non-limiting embodiment of a data flow  200  in a system that provides for management of electronic advertising in accordance with various aspects described herein. Various devices and combinations of devices can be utilized to implement the data flow  200  which can be used in conjunction with various systems described herein such as system  100  of  FIG. 1 . For example, an ad delivery and decisioning system  220  can be employed which can be a server or a server cluster that processes various transmissions and data associated with electronic advertising including one or more of processing ad requests, providing data to members, conducting auction(s), returning ads or creatives to the publishers and/or to end user devices, maintaining and monitoring information to track billing and/or usage, returning auction-result data, and/or enforcing policies such as quality standards. As an example, the ad delivery and decisioning system  220  can allow participants to interface and interact. 
     In one or more embodiments, data flow  200  can be part of a Server-Side Ad Insertion (SSAI) platform and/or a Client-Side Ad Insertion platform (CSAI) to enable broker curated deals along with other selling methodologies. For instance, the ad space (which can be an ad pod) or other ad inventory can be populated such as through stitching with content by the SSAI server in an SSAI implementation or via a player Software Development Kit (SDK) in the Client-Side Ad Insertion (CSAI) implementation. Various ad spaces can be utilized, including banner ads and web page spaces. 
     In one or more embodiments, a proprietary bidder  225  can be utilized which can be an independent bidder, optimization engine, and/or user-interface (e.g., a web-based platform and/or an API-based interface). In one or more embodiments, a networking system (e.g., via a log streaming component) can be utilized which can facilitate distributing data, such as streaming logs from applications into a data warehouse(s). Various configurations can be utilized to provide the functions described herein including the ad delivery and decisioning system  220 , the proprietary bidder  225  and the networking/distributing system operating as separate devices or systems that communicate with each other and/or some or all of the ad delivery and decisioning system, the proprietary bidder and the networking system operating on a single server. 
     At  201 , the ad delivery and decisioning system  220  can receive an external ad-call. The ad-call can be triggered by an end user device accessing content in which ad inventory exists (e.g., an ad space in a web page, video game, video, etc.), and can be received from various sources including the end user device. The end user device can be various types of devices that render content including mobile phones, media processors, intelligent TVs, set top boxes, tablets, laptops, vehicle entertainment systems, and so forth. 
     In one embodiment, if the add-call is generated from or otherwise forwarded by a Supply-Side Platform (SSP) server according to the end user device accessing the content, deal identifications (IDs) representative of SSP deals which are allocated by the SSP server can be included with the ad-call. In one or more embodiments, the SSP server can provide an ad call without including a deal ID. In other embodiments, the ad call comes from the end user device (e.g., a script or javascript running on the end user device) without an SSP server being involved. The ad-call message can include various information, such as pricing information, floor pricing, SSP deal pricing information, SSP deal floor pricing, types of ads that can be served, site or location for the ad, information as to what the publisher wants in the ad, size of the ad, user ID, device ID, domain information, and so forth. In one embodiment, various information provided in the ad call can be obtained from an ad tag associated with the ad space, such as an ad tag that is populated with information by a publisher of the content. In other embodiments, the various information provided in the ad call can be obtained from the SSP server. In other embodiments, the various information provided in the ad call can be obtained from the SSP server and the ad tag. Various techniques can be utilized in providing the ad-call message including triggering the ad-call from a header of the content (e.g., webpage) when it is being loaded by the end user device. 
     Allocations can be initiated at  202 . For example at  202   a , the ad delivery and decisioning system  220  can transmit a request to the proprietary bidder  225  for discovery of potential buyers or bidders. In one embodiment at  202   b , the ad delivery and decisioning system  220  can evaluate deal profiles to discover deals. For instance, the ad delivery and decisioning system  220  can discover the deals by analyzing data indicative of agreements between buyer and seller where a seller packages its inventory and the packaging and terms of the agreement (e.g., a fixed or floor price, targets, and so forth) are identifiable based on a deal ID. In this example, a buyer can recognize a deal ID and can map it to the particular agreement for decision making as to whether to bid upon or purchase the ad space. For instance at  202   b , the ad delivery and decisioning system  220  can monitor for advertising inventory that matches particular targeting attributes of an agreement and can package that inventory into the corresponding deal ID. In one or more embodiments, step  202   b  can be based on targeting profiles that can identify the types of inventory that are to be packaged together and/or terms of the deal between the seller and particular buyer(s). In one or more embodiments, targeting profiles can be generated by a seller (e.g., the seller associated with the ad space of the add call). In one or more embodiments, there can be several deal IDs representing different deals between the same buyer and seller. In one or more embodiments, there can be several deal IDs representing different deals between different buyers and the seller. In one or more embodiments, step  202   b  is performed without using deal line items. In one or more embodiments, steps  202   a  and  202   b  can be performed in parallel or in overlapping time. 
     In one embodiment, the request at  202   a  can be a managed bid request (e.g., demand from a seller that is trafficked in an ad server) which causes the proprietary bidder  225  at  203   a  and  203   b  to discover or otherwise determine eligible bidders or buyers and/or eligible deals. For instance, the proprietary bidder  225  can evaluate eligible managed seller&#39;s line items at  203   a  and can accumulates bids. This process can include the proprietary bidder  225  accessing seller&#39;s line items that have been generated by a seller (e.g., the seller associated with the ad space of the add call). For example, sellers can create seller&#39;s line items through a user interface provided by the proprietary bidder  225  or via another technique or component. Seller&#39;s line items allow users to manage direct sales via the line items. The seller&#39;s line items can include various parameters, such as one or more of pricing, budgeting, pacing, key value parameters, target viewing rate, targeting information, particular buyer. In one or more embodiments, the seller&#39;s line items can be based on arrangements or agreements made by the seller with the buyer. The proprietary bidder  225  at  203   b  can discover seller&#39;s line items that are a match for the ad call, such as based on one or more of the parameters included in the creative line item (e.g., pricing, budgeting, pacing, key value parameters, target viewing rate, targeting information). 
     As another example, the proprietary bidder  225  can evaluate eligible seller deals and can allocate deal identifications (IDs). This process can include the proprietary bidder  225  accessing seller deals (e.g., deal line items) that have been generated by a seller (e.g., the seller associated with the ad space of the add call) to package multiple ad spaces of that seller. For example, sellers can create seller deals through a user interface provided by the proprietary bidder  225  or via another technique or component. In one or more embodiments, seller deals allow users to manage deals via line items or other designated parameters. The seller deals can include various parameters, such as one or more of pricing, budgeting, pacing, key value parameters, target viewing rate, targeting information, particular buyer. In one or more embodiments, the seller deals can be based on arrangements or agreements made by the seller with the buyer. The proprietary bidder  225  at  203   b  can discover seller deals that are a match for the ad call, such as based on one or more of the parameters included in the sellers deal (e.g., pricing, budgeting, pacing, key value parameters, target viewing rate, targeting information, particular buyer). In one or more embodiments, steps  203   a  and  203   b  can be performed in sequence or can be performed in parallel or in overlapping time. In one embodiment,  203   b  can be performed utilizing line items created via the proprietary bidder and/or line items that are accessible from and/or created by another device or platform which may be operated by an entity different from the entity operating the proprietary bidder  225 . 
     In one embodiment, the managed bid request can cause the proprietary bidder  225  at  203   c  to discover or otherwise determine curated deals and/or eligible bidders or buyers. For instance, the proprietary bidder  225  can evaluate eligible curated deals and can allocate curated deal identifications (IDs). This process can include the proprietary bidder  225  accessing curated deals that have been generated by a broker (e.g., an entity different from the seller associated with the ad space of the add call, an entity different from buyers bidding for the ad space, or an entity different from the seller and the buyers) to package multiple ad spaces of multiple sellers. For example, brokers can create curated deals through a user interface provided by the proprietary bidder  225  or via another technique or component. Curated deals allow users to manage curated deals across multiple sellers (with the same buyer or with multiple buyers) via the curated deals. The curated deals can include various parameters, such as one or more of pricing, budgeting, pacing, key value parameters, target viewing rate, targeting information, particular buyer(s), particular seller(s). The proprietary bidder  225  at  203   b  can discover curated deals that are a match for the ad call, such as based on one or more of the parameters included in the curated deal (e.g., pricing, budgeting, pacing, key value parameters, target viewing rate, targeting information, particular buyer(s), particular seller(s)). In one or more embodiments, the curated deals can be based on agreements that have been established between the broker and the buyer without there being any pre-arranged agreement between the broker and the seller. In one or more embodiments, the curated deals can be based on agreements that have been established between the broker and the buyer and agreements that have been established between the broker and the seller. 
     In one or more embodiments, this curated deal process can enable auctions that are performed in phases or performed in a segmented fashion across the platform. For instance, inventory aggregation deals can be discovered where the curated deals target seller inventory available on the exchange without any agreement between broker and seller (e.g., specified inventory targeted in a same way that any bidder user would target the seller inventory (such as by domain name) such that the seller does not need to take explicit action to be included). As another example, roll up deals can be discovered where the seller explicitly contributes inventory into curated deals by providing a seller deal for the curation member to target which can include an agreement as to preferential access (e.g., to particular buyers or earlier access) and/or pricing. 
     In one or more embodiments, this curated deal process can include targeting deal line items discovered in step  203   a  and/or SSP deals that were received with the ad call. In one embodiment, the evaluation of the eligible curated deals does not target deals that were discovered at  202   b  by the ad delivery and decisioning system  220 . In one or more embodiments, steps  203   a  and  203   b  can be performed in sequence or can be performed in parallel or in overlapping time. 
     At  204 , the proprietary bidder  225  can provide a managed bid response to the ad delivery and decisioning system  220 . The managed bid response can include information obtained via the discovery of steps  203   a ,  203   b  and  203   c . For example, the managed bid response can identify managed creative bidders, seller deal IDs, curation member deal IDs and/or roll up curation deals that specify targeted seller deals. 
     At  205 , the ad delivery and decisioning system  220  can send deal and/or Real-Time Bid (RTB) bid requests to all of the discovered eligible bidders (e.g., discovered via steps  201 ,  202   b ,  203   a ,  203   b ,  203   c ), such as through the proprietary bidder  225  and/or to other bidder platforms  227  (e.g., one or more other open exchanges that may be operated by entities different from the entity operating the ad delivery and decisioning system  220 ). For example, the proprietary bidder  225  can discover buyers that desire to participate via one or more of a direct sell process, an open exchange and/or a private marketplace. Additionally, the discovery can identify eligible managed deals and/or curated deals so that these particular buyers can participate in the auctions. The deal and/or Real-Time Bid (RTB) bid requests can be in various formats and can include various information. 
     At  206 , the eligible bidders, via the proprietary bidder  225  and/or via other bidder platforms  227 , can provide or otherwise submit deal and/or RTB bids. For example, these bids can specify a price. Other information can also be included in the deal and/or RTB bids, such as bidder identification, creative type, identification of a creative, and so forth. 
     At  207 , the ad delivery and decisioning system  220  can analyze the deal and/or RTB bids that have been received to validate, rank (e.g., by priority and/or price) and/or apply curation fees. This analysis can result in a determination of a winning bid. Various techniques can be applied to determine the winning bid including prioritizing particular buyers due to preferential access agreements, price comparisons, and so forth. 
     Prioritization of curated deals can be implemented with respect to other deals or bids. For example, system  220  can consider one or more of the following criterion in ranking: bids from sellers line items with their priority; bids against seller deals (e.g., inherit priority from seller deals); bids against curated deals (e.g., these deals can inherit contributing seller deal priority if rolling up deals and/or do not have an associated priority if performing plain inventory aggregation; open exchange bids. In this example, the ranking can be by priority, such as the highest priced bid in the highest priority bucket normally winning. If a seller is reselling in the exchange for this auction, open-exchange bids (e.g., including inventory aggregation curated deal bids) can also compete. 
     The various information representative of seller deals, curated deals and so forth can be organized and managed in a number of different ways including through the use of line items. Referring back to  FIG. 2A , at  208  the ad delivery and decisioning system  220  can generate logs based on the analysis including generating logs for deal IDs for managed deals and/or curated deals. As an example and depending on the bid that has won and whether it is associated with a deal or a curated deal, the ad delivery and decisioning system  220  can log various winning bid information such as one or more of buyer, seller, broker, creative, domain, and so forth. In one or more embodiments, this information or a portion thereof can be selectively shared, such as via an access or distribution device  230 , with various entities, including one, some, or all of the buyers, sellers and brokers. 
     At  209  according to the determination of the winning bid, the ad delivery and decisioning system  220  can respond to the ad-call which can trigger or otherwise enable presentation of a creative corresponding to the winning bid at the end user device. Various techniques and communication protocols can be utilized to cause the creative to be presented at the end user device, including techniques and protocols implemented by the ad delivery and decisioning system  220 , a script at the end user device, an SSAI server, an ad server, or another device(s). The rendering process can be implemented in a number of different ways including via an SSAI platform or CSAI platform. In one embodiment, video stitching of the creative into the content can be performed. In one embodiment, the creative can be obtained from an ad server and inserted by way of a script executing on the end user device. In one embodiment, the creative can be retrieved from other sources such as a prebid cache or via a URL to a location in a storage device storing the creative. 
     At  210  responsive to or otherwise triggered by a rendering of the creative at the end user device, the ad delivery and decisioning system  220  can receive a callback from or otherwise sourced by the end user device. For example, the callback can include an indication of the rendering of the creative at the end user device. In one or more embodiments, the callback can include other information such as an indication of any user interaction with the creative, such as clicking on the ad, fast forwarding of the ad, scrolling past the ad, and so forth. 
     At  211 , the ad delivery and decisioning system  220  can provide a notification associated with the callback in certain circumstances. For example, a deal notification can be sent to the proprietary bidder  225  if the winning bidder was utilizing the proprietary bidder. In one embodiment, if the winning bid was part of a roll up curation deal then the ad delivery and decisioning system  220  provides a deal notification associated with the deal if it was also part of a deal discovered in  203   b . In one or more embodiments, the notifications can be used by the bidder for budgeting and pacing purposes. 
     At  212 , the proprietary bidder  225  can process any deal notification. For example, a log can be generated describing a curated deal, a seller deal and various information associated with the deals, such as identifications. 
     At  213 , the ad delivery and decisioning system  220  can send a notification to the winning bidder. In the example of  FIG. 2A , this notification is being sent via the proprietary bidder  225  (e.g., where the winning bid participated via the proprietary bidder  225  see steps  205 ,  206 ), however, the winning bid notification can be sent by the ad delivery and decisioning system  220  to some other device (not shown), such as where the winning bid was generated via some other platform and not via the proprietary bidder  225  (See steps  205 ,  206 ). At  214 , if the winning bid was generated via the proprietary bidder  225 , then the proprietary bidder  225  can generate a log describing same. 
     At  215 , the ad delivery and decisioning system  220  can generate a log as a result of the call back indicating the rendering of the creative at the end user device. Various information can be included in the log such as identification information for deals and curated deals. 
     In one or more embodiments, curated deal discovery can be limited to particular members that have authorized same, that are provided permission, or a combination thereof. As an example, the ad delivery and decisioning system  220  can send deals and eligible third party members in a managed request via the proprietary bidder  225  and can indicate to the proprietary bidder the types of allocations are allowed, such as managed, curation, RTB, and/or deals. This can enable the proprietary bidder  225  to analyze and evaluate eligible managed seller&#39;s line items, eligible seller deals and curated deals in order to submit back to the ad delivery and decisioning system  220  a managed bid response which includes managed creative bids, deals discovered via step  203   a , curation member deals and/or roll up curation deals that that specifically target a seller deal. In one embodiment, only roll up curated deals may be allocated on deal-only inventory. In one embodiment, inventory aggregation curated deals may only be allocated where RTB is permitted. In one embodiment, curated deals themselves do not have a priority. In one embodiment, as long as a seller permits open-exchange on inventory, exchange curated deals are allowed. In terms of prioritization, exchange curated deals can compete with an open exchange. 
     In one embodiment, roll up curated deals can involve “linking” deals on the ad delivery and decisioning system  220 . For example, the seller can contribute a deal ID (via SSP deals or deals discovered at  203   a ), which allows the broker to target that seller deal with a curation deal line item in order to allocate a curated deal, so that the buyer member targets the curated deal. In one embodiment, the buyer bid will need to satisfy the terms of the curated deal as well as the seller&#39;s deal. 
     In one embodiment, the deal response can indicate to the ad delivery and decisioning system  220  that a curated deal is targeting a seller deal. In one embodiment, SSP deals do not have priority such that curated deals targeting SSP deals will compete with other open exchange demand. In one embodiment, bids against curated deals can compete at the priority of the seller&#39;s deal line item. In one embodiment, curated deals may be limited to market price. In one embodiment, a member/seller can include their own inventory into their own curated deal. For example, the member/seller can create a separate deal line item and contribute a deal that the curated deal rolls up. 
     In one embodiment in a managed phase, a deal discovery phase can be implemented that processes non-managed deal line items. For example, if these deal line items are targeting deals: they can target deal IDs in the request (SSP deal IDs); they can target deal IDs discovered in the managed phase valuation at step  203   b  for variable pricing; and/or they can include target specific deals (e.g., they may not exclude targeting nor indicate target all). In one embodiment, the deal response can indicate to the ad delivery and decisioning system the targeted seller deal. 
     In one embodiment, a bidder applies a seller&#39;s visibility profiles (VP) (e.g., deal VP&gt;tag VP&gt;publisher VP&gt;member VP) before allocating curated deals so curated deals don&#39;t expose attributes of an auction that are hidden from the curation member. In one embodiment, curated deals are only allocated if the buyer member is eligible (e.g., is in the bid request). In one embodiment, the deal bid request floor can be grossed up to include a curation member auction charge (which can be in addition to other charges). In one embodiment, various settings can be implemented at the buyer&#39;s control regarding deals becoming active or requiring review. For instance, a buyer can indicate active on new incoming deals or indicate all deals require review before turning active. Another option is that seller-created deals can default to active, but curated deals require review before turning active. 
     In one embodiment, a sell side deal line item can be utilized where the auction seller member is the same as the line item owner. In this example, a member acting as a seller in this context uses a deal line item (e.g., step  203   b ) to allocate deals against their own inventory. 
     In one embodiment, an inventory aggregation curation can be utilized where the auction seller member is not the line item owner. In this example, a member acting as a curator of deals allocates deals against any inventory available in the open exchange. This transaction can have three entities: a seller, a curation member and a buyer. There can be one deal on the transaction, which is the curated deal by the intermediary. 
     In one embodiment, a roll up curation can be utilized where the auction seller member is not the line item owner and has explicitly shared a deal with the line item owner. In this example, a seller member explicitly opts in by providing a “seller deal” for the curation member to target. The curator member targets the seller deal and packages that inventory into their curated deal. This transaction has three entities, a seller, a curation member and a buyer. The seller has explicitly contributed a “seller deal” that is rolled up into the intermediary&#39;s curated deal. 
     In one or more embodiments, pre-bidding can be implemented (e.g., via a prebid server or by other devices including end user devices) in which communication is established with one or more SSPs or demand partners, such as advertising networks or exchanges. This can enable a seller such as a publisher to have auctions (e.g., simultaneously or overlapping in time) with all or selected SSPs (including ad exchanges). In this manner, sellers or publishers can receive bids on inventory that may be unavailable through a primary ad server and exchange. In one embodiment, the returned bids or a portion thereof can be provided to an ad server or other managing server to compete with direct demand and the primary ad server&#39;s exchange. In one or more embodiments, the prebid auctions can be performed in a particular time frame such as within a few hundred milliseconds (e.g. less than 100 or 200 milliseconds), although, other time frames can be utilized by the exemplary embodiments. 
     In one or more embodiments, data and performance information can be provided to various parties associated with the broker deals including buyers, sellers and/or brokers, such as through a user interface of the proprietary bidder  225  and/or the ad delivery and decisioning system  220 . For example, brokers can be provided with analytics reporting and log level data to facilitate manage their curated deals including exchange curated deals. 
     In one or more embodiments, various models can be established for broker deal businesses such as a self-service programmatic model where a broker sells exchange curated deals to a buyer, and the buyer then targets the deal in one or more of his or her line items; a transparent managed model where a broker sells and manages exchange curated deals via an Insertion Order (IO) (communicated from a buyer) that they trade on behalf of the buyer; and a fixed CPM model where a broker sells and manages exchange curated deals via an IO that they trade on behalf of the buyer. In one or more embodiments, various data and information can be provided to the broker regarding curated deals that have been generated. For example, equipment of the broker can be provided with or otherwise can access information associated with one or more of confirming that any exchange curated deals are delivering as expected; confirming that any change made to an exchange curated deal is behaving as expected; monitoring the delivery and performance of the exchange curated deals; monitoring revenue being generated via fees collected from curated deals; monitoring and optimizing towards a margin being made on an IO basis; monitoring performance on IOs that are being managed; monitoring viewability of the exchange curated deals; monitoring video completion rates on exchange curated deals; reporting out to others the top performing inventory of the exchange curated deals; and/or reporting out to other top performing data segments of the exchange curated deals. 
     In one or more embodiments, detecting, diagnosing, and/or fixing issues affecting the general performance of an exchange curated deal is addressed to improve on a very time consuming activity. In one embodiment, equipment of the broker can be provided with or otherwise can access information associated with monitoring how many ad requests from the seller(s) matched the criteria of the exchange curated deals. In one embodiment, equipment of the broker can be provided with or otherwise can access information associated with monitoring how many of the overall bid requests included the exchange curated deals of the broker to the buyer(s). In one embodiment, equipment of the broker can be provided with or otherwise can access information associated with monitoring how many of the overall bid responses included the exchange curated deals of the broker. In one embodiment, equipment of the broker can be provided with or otherwise can access information associated with monitoring how many impressions rendered (e.g., sold) from winning bids on the exchange curated deals of the broker. In one embodiment, equipment of the broker can be provided with or otherwise can access information associated with diagnosing and troubleshooting errors effecting an ability to monetize the exchange curated deals of the broker. 
     In one or more embodiments, deal reporting for buyers and sellers can be provided such as Analytics Reporting and Deal Health/Metrics Reporting. For instance, for buyers, deal reporting can be provided on the deals the buyer targets. As another example, for sellers, deal reporting can be provided on the deals created by the sellers. For curated deals such as exchange curated deals access can be provided to a 3rd entity (i.e., the broker or curator). The broker or curator can be operating in many ways as a buyer and a seller where they are creating deals (e.g., exchange curated deal) like a seller and where they also target deals, like a buyer. 
     In one or more embodiments, IO, LI, Split (e.g., budget instruction tool), and Deal objects (used to capture agreement including parties, priorities and other terms) can be used by all parties (i.e., buyers, sellers, brokers (curators)), however, access to information or data can be provided via a limited view or limited accessibility. For example in a curated deal, a buyer can view a buyer line item, a buyer IO, a buyer split (e.g., a single line item that has different delivery rules), and a deal/deal ID that targets the buyer. As another example in a curated deal, a seller can view a seller line item, a seller IO, a seller split, and a deal/deal ID created by the seller. As another example in a curated deal, a broker (curator) can view a broker line item, a broker IO, a broker split, and a deal/deal ID created by the broker. In one embodiment, a broker or curator view of a curated deal that targets deal supply discovered via step  203   a  reports out on two deals: the deals the broker creates and the deals the broker targets. 
     In one or more embodiments, curated deals can be used in conjunction with various other techniques for managing electronic advertising including CSAI and/or SSAI implementations of prebidding and including ad insertion into various types of content including web sites, video games, long form video, video-on-demand, connected TV, ad pods in video streams, and so forth. For example, winning bids can be determined from analysis of curated deals where a broker aggregates multiple seller inventory and where one or more components or techniques for implementing auctions, ad insertion, business rule enforcement, yield policy enforcement, competitive separation enforcement, and so forth are utilized as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/560,666 filed Sep. 4, 2019 and entitled Content Management in Over-The-Top Services, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2C , a block diagram is shown illustrating an example, non-limiting embodiment of a system  240  in accordance with various aspects described herein to provide for broker deals in electronic advertising. Various devices and combinations thereof can be utilized to implement broker deals in electronic advertising including employing one or more of the functions of data flow  200  of  FIG. 2A , the methodology of  FIG. 2B  and/or combining with various systems described herein such as system  100  of  FIG. 1 . System  240  enables management of electronic advertising in a number of different ways which can include curated deals where brokers aggregate inventory for multiple sellers and offer the curated deals to one or more buyers. 
     In one embodiment, a server system  252  manages allocating of ad space inventory with respect to various types of content including web pages, video games, videos and so forth. In some embodiments, the server system  252  can provide various functions for electronic advertising including real-time ad space data packaging and auctions. The server system  252  can include hardware components, software components, databases, components executing on the same or on different individual data processing apparatus, and so forth, which can be deployed at one or more data centers  251  in one or more geographic locations. Various configurations of the server system  252  can be utilized to perform one or more of the functions described herein (including functions described with other embodiments). For example, the server system  252  can include one, some, or all of: an allocation manager  241 , a transaction manager  242 , an ad server  244 , and one or more bidders (e.g., bidder A  271 , bidder B  272 , and bidder C  273 ). The server system  252  can also perform load balancing and/or provide security, such as managing traffic within a single data center or between multiple data centers, and/or managing data protection and access privilege for tenants served by the data centers  251 . In one or more embodiments, the server system  252  can also include or have access to memory resources (e.g., distributed and/or centralized physical storage systems) including one or more databases such as a server-side user data database  262 , transaction data database  264 , bid data database  266 , deals database  270  and/or line item database  269 . 
     In one or more embodiments, a broker can generate a curated deal where the broker aggregates inventory across multiple sellers and offers that up to buyers. The broker can create (e.g., through an API or a web page provided by the server system  252 ) a curated deal and store the curated deal, such as in the line item database  269 , the deal database  270  and/or another database. A curated deal or curation deal line item that has been stored can include various information including one or more of identification of a buyer(s) and/or seller(s), terms of any agreements with the buyer(s) and/or seller(s), targeting information, seller inventory (e.g., publishers, sites, sections, pages, ad units, and so forth), audiences (e.g., behavioral, demographic, and so forth), user geography, user technographics (e.g., devices, operating systems, and so forth), content categories, user frequency and recency restrictions, other custom information the seller knows about the user or inventory, and so forth. 
     In one or more embodiments, the broker can augment the curated deal with other data such as their own data. For example, a broker that also operates a search engine can include search histories (e.g., with the authorization of the end user) to better allow potential buyers to understand the interests of the end user and facilitate any purchasing decision by the buyers. In one or more embodiments, such as in an exchange curated deal, the broker can also operate or otherwise manage the exchange and can provide various data to buyers (e.g., subject to end user authorization or opt-in) such as service provider collected data (e.g., content consumption history). 
     In one embodiment, a broker can obtain data associated with end users (e.g., with the permission of the end users) where the data is derived from the end users accessing or otherwise interacting with an electronic product of the broker (e.g., a web page, a search engine, a merchant website, a video game, and so forth). For instance, the data can be associated with an interest in outdoor activities such as detecting purchases of outdoor equipment, detecting consumption of outdoor activity content, detecting search queries for outdoor activities, detecting location information corresponding to outdoor activities, and so forth. In this example, the broker can generate a curated deal (e.g., create a curated deal line item) which aggregates multiple sellers associated with outdoor activities (e.g., web pages of different publishers that describe hiking) and targets buyers that are advertising products for hiking (e.g., different hiking boot companies). In one embodiment, the curated deal can involve multiple sellers and a single buyer. In one embodiment, the curated deal can involve multiple sellers and multiple buyers. For example, a broker can make an agreement with multiple buyers for inventory across multiple sellers, such as a curation deal line item that identifies two buyers that will have each of their creatives inserted into the same ad pods (e.g., next to each other) for multiple sellers of a long form video (e.g., connected TV or OTT media services). In one or more embodiments, a broker can obtain data associated with end users (e.g., with the permission of the end users) from other sources, such as purchasing the user data from a third party. In one embodiment, the broker can provide its own user data in combination with user data obtained from a third party (e.g., with the permission of the end users), such as a broker that provides user data corresponding to search histories where the broker operates a search engine and also provides user data corresponding to purchase histories that are obtained from a particular merchant or payment service. 
     In one or more embodiments, the curated deals may or may not include preferential access to buyers. The broker may or may not arbitrage on or otherwise implement reselling of the inventory. The curated deals may or may not include inventory that is arbitraged or otherwise being resold by other than the publisher, such as a curated deal where at least one of the sellers of the multiple sellers of the aggregated content is not a publisher of the content but rather a reseller of the ad space in the content. In one embodiment, an exchange can impose a fee on the broker for implementation of the curated deal. 
     In one or more embodiments, a seller can negotiate with a buyer and can reach an agreement on pricing or other terms on an ad space inventory of the seller. The seller can create (e.g., through an API or a web page provided by the server system  252 ) a deal (e.g., implemented as a data object) for the agreement and store the deal in the deals database  270 . A deal stored in the deals database  270  can include one or more of an identifier for the seller, an identifier for a buyer, an identifier for the deal, an identifier of an ad space inventory of the seller, and a floor price for an ad space in the ad space inventory. For instance in one embodiment, the floor price can specify a minimum bid price for the buyer. In one embodiment, the deal can also include flight dates (e.g., start and ending dates for the deal), one or more user target segments, and/or an auction type. The auction type can specify whether the deal is private or public. In one embodiment for the private auction type, auctions for ad spaces of the deal can be open only to buyers having agreements with the seller on the deal&#39;s corresponding ad space inventory. In another embodiment for the public auction type, auctions for ad spaces of the deal can be open to every eligible buyer and not limited to buyers having agreements with the seller on the deal&#39;s corresponding ad space inventory. 
     A broker deal management process will now be described with respect to a user accessing an application as content, however, the electronic advertising management techniques can be utilized with various types of content including long form video. In one embodiment, a graphical user interface  254  of a software application  255  executing on client device  250  of a user  249  can include an ad space  256  and a corresponding ad tag. The application  255  can be a web browser application, or a software application such as a game application or a maps application. The application  255  can retrieve content presented via the user interface  254  (e.g., a web page) through one or more data communication networks  243  (e.g., the Internet) from, for example, web servers  260  of a publisher, although various sources of content can be utilized. For instance, a web page displayed in a browser window of a web browser (e.g., executing on a personal computer or a media processor) can include an ad space on the web page and a corresponding ad tag. The client device  250  can be various types of devices including a mobile phone, a smartphone, a smart watch, a tablet computer, a personal computer (e.g., laptop computer, desktop computer, etc.), a game console, a vehicle media system or any other end user device. 
     In one embodiment, the ad tag can include a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)) address (or other addressing indicia) of a device or system from which an ad will be requested (e.g., a URL for the server system  252 ), statements (e.g., Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) statements) for retrieving and displaying a creative, and/or instructions (e.g., JavaScript instructions) for retrieving and displaying a creative (e.g., displaying the creative in a frame, for example a 160 pixel×600 pixel iframe). In one embodiment, executing the ad tag can cause the application  255  to send (e.g., through the network  243 ) an ad request or ad call to the addressed device or system (e.g., to server system  252 ). In some implementations, the application  255  sends an ad request to the server system  252  via another advertising server system such as an ad exchange. In one embodiment, the ad request can include information about the available ad space  256  (e.g., a size for the ad space, an identifier for the publisher), user information (e.g., an identifier of the user  249 , data describing the user  249 , an Internet Protocol or IP address of the device  250 , etc.), and/or system information (e.g., types of the browser and the client device). In one embodiment, the ad request can be composed in JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) or Extensible Markup Language (XML) format and transmitted to the server system  252  using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) protocol (e.g., using HTTP POST request method). Although, other ad request formats and transmission methods can be utilized. 
     In one embodiment, the allocation manager  241  or other components of the server system  252  can attempt to allocate portions of ad space inventory to buyers. A buyer can be an advertiser (e.g., a credit card company, a sportswear company), an ad network, an ad exchange, an advertising agency, or another entity. A seller can be a publisher (e.g., newspaper or social network), an online streaming or gaming service, an ad exchange, an ad network or another entity. In one embodiment, a broker can be an entity that is distinct from the buyers and sellers or can be one of the sellers. 
     In one embodiment, the allocation manager  241  or other components of the server system  252  can process ad requests, allocate ad space inventory referenced by the ad requests to buyers (e.g., based on agreements between brokers, buyers and/or the seller of the ad space inventory, based on the results of auctions, and so forth), send relevant information to advertisers, return creatives to the browsers or other applications, maintain or otherwise monitor billing and usage data for advertisers and publishers, and/or enforce policies or business rules including quality standards, yield optimization policy, competitive separation, brand safety, frequency capping, and so forth. 
     The broker curated deals can be utilized in conjunction with other methodologies for managing the buying and selling of ad space. For example, a seller can negotiate an agreement with a buyer on pricing or other terms for an ad campaign. The seller and/or the buyer can create (e.g., through an API or a web page provided by the server system  252 ) one or more line items (e.g., implemented as data objects) representing the terms of the agreement and store the line items in the line item data database  269 . As another example, a buyer can use pre-bidding techniques to place bids on an instance of ad space. For instance, a client-side auction can be conducted such as before the application  255  sends the ad request to the server system  252 , although other timing could also be utilized, as well as other pre-bidding techniques including a server-side auction. The seller and/or bidders can create (e.g., through an API or a web page provided by the server system  252 ) one or more line items (e.g., implemented as data objects) representing the bidders&#39; pre-bids. In these examples, a line item&#39;s parameters can include, without limitation, an identifier of a seller, an identifier of a buyer, identifiers of one or more ad spaces from the seller&#39;s ad space inventory, ad tags of one or creatives from the buyer&#39;s ad campaign, flight dates (e.g., start and ending dates for the ad campaign), one or more user target segments, and/or a price for filling an instance of an ad space with a creative from the buyer&#39;s ad campaign. In one embodiment, for line items associated with ad campaigns, the value of the price parameter can be a static price based on the terms of the agreement between the buyer and seller. In one embodiment, for line items associated with pre-bids, the price can be determined based on the buyer&#39;s pre-bid. 
     In one embodiment, the allocation manager  241  or other component of the server system  252  can compare data associated with the instance of the ad space to the parameters of the line items in the line item data database  269  and where more than one line item matches the ad request, the allocation manager  241  can apply prioritization rules to determine winning bids or deals. 
     Various data can be utilized as part of the management and bid selection process, including data associated with the instance of the ad space  256  such as user segment data and/or user behavioral data. For example, user segment data can include demographic information, such as one or more of age, gender, location, school, and occupation. Other user segment data are possible. User behavioral data can include data associated with a user&#39;s online activities, for example, that the user put an item in a shopping cart, the user searched for an item, the user visited an online store (e.g., within a particular time period) that sells the item, and/or a frequency the user searched for the item. Other user behavioral data are possible. Data associated with the instance of the ad space  256  can include contextual data. In one embodiment, contextual data can include the type of the user interface  254  (e.g., a home page, a user interface of a game application, etc.), structure of the user interface  254  (e.g., a number of ads on the user interface  254 ), content of the user interface  254  (e.g., game, finance, sports, travel, content not suitable for children), an identifier of the ad space, the dimensions of the ad space, and/or timing data (e.g., the current month, day of the week, date, and/or time). Other contextual data are possible. 
     In one embodiment, user segment data (e.g., demographic information) can be provided by a user to a publisher when the user accesses websites or applications published by the publisher. Some user segment data (e.g., location) can be determined by data associated with the user&#39;s client device (e.g., client device  250 ), such as an Internet Protocol (IP) address associated with the client device. User behavioral data can be collected in various ways such as by an application (e.g., application  255 ) executed on a user&#39;s client device (e.g., client device  250 ). Contextual data can be determined in a number of different ways such as by analyzing content (e.g., words, semantics) presented in the user interface, transmitted to the server system  252  with the ad request, or obtained using any other suitable technique. Other techniques can be utilized for gathering various data that facilitates decisions by the buyers. 
     A buyer, seller and/or broker can acquire data associated with an ad space from the ad space&#39;s publisher and/or from a data provider (e.g., Proximic of Palo Alto, Calif.). In one or more embodiments, the buyer, seller and/or broker can store user data in the server-side user data database  262 . For instance, the buyer can store in the server-side user data database  262  mappings between user identifiers and user segments. 
     In some embodiments, the allocation manager  241  or other component of the server system  252  can enforce or otherwise implement allocation policies designed to enhance the seller&#39;s revenue while also adhering to the terms of the seller&#39;s ad campaign agreements. For example, when an ad campaign line item and a pre-bid line item match an ad request, and the pre-bid line item&#39;s price for the ad space exceeds the ad campaign line item&#39;s price, the allocation manager  241  can allocate the ad space to the pre-bidder, rather than the ad campaign partner. On the other hand, if allocating the ad space to the pre-bidder would jeopardize the system&#39;s ability to meet the terms of its agreement with the ad campaign partner, the allocation manager  241  can allocate the ad space to the ad campaign partner, even though the ad campaign line item&#39;s price is lower than the pre-bid line item&#39;s price. 
     The server system  252  (e.g., via the allocation manager  241 ) can select one of the matching line items to fill the ad space based on any suitable information, including, without limitation, bid prices, curated deal terms, prioritization rules, line items&#39; parameters (e.g., the price parameters), terms of ad campaign agreements, and/or status of current ad campaigns (e.g., current pacing of the ad campaign). In one or more embodiments, line items can include priority parameters that represent a priority rank or a priority tier of the line item. In one embodiment, the allocation manager  241  or other component of the server system  252  can select a line item to fill an ad space based, at least in part, on the priority parameters of the matching line items. 
     In one or more embodiments, a client device  250  can conduct a client-side auction before sending the ad request to the allocation manager  241 . During the client-side auction, the client device  250  can receive one or more pre-bids for the ad space from one or more pre-bidding partners. The client device  250  can send the pre-bids to the allocation manager  241  such as by adding data indicative of the pre-bids to a URL (e.g., a URL that the software application  255  calls to send an ad request to server system  252 ), for example, the pre-bidder identifier and pre-bid value can be encoded as key-value pairs in the URL&#39;s query string. After the software application  255  calls the URL to send the ad request to the server system  252 , the allocation manager  241  or other component of the server system  252  can parse the URL&#39;s query string to determine the pre-bidder identifier and the pre-bid value for each pre-bid. 
     In one or more embodiments, the allocation manager  241  or other component of the server system  252  can also receive creative data from client device  250  for the pre-bids such as creative identifier or URL being added to the query string. In one or more embodiments, the server system  252  can allocate ad space to a buyer without conducting a server-side auction. 
     In one or more embodiments, the transaction manager  242  or other component of the server system  252  can implement an auction system that facilitates transactional aspects of ad space inventory and impression trading involving brokers, buyers and sellers. For example, the transaction manager  242  can process requests (e.g., deal or RTB requests) received from the allocation manager  241 , conduct auctions (e.g., on behalf of sellers and/or brokers), return creatives to the allocation manager  241  or the software application  255  executing on the client device  250 , and/or return auction-result data, for example. The transaction manager  242  can store in the transaction data database  264  various transaction information for each ad space that is transacted by the transaction manager  242  or other components of the server system  252 . 
     In one or more embodiments which can be utilized in conjunction with broker curated deals described herein or where no eligible curated deal line item is discovered, a bidder system or bidder (e.g., bidder A  271 ) can perform bidding operations on behalf of a buyer. For example, the bidder can receive bid-specific information (e.g., one or more of maximum bid price, target user areas or segments, start and end dates, budget) as input and can generate a bid for a particular instance of an ad space inventory. As another example, a buyer can set up (e.g., through an API or web pages provided by the server system  252 ) a campaign targeting an ad space inventory with a set of bid-specific information for the ad space inventory and store the bid-specific information in bid data database  266 . In one or more embodiments, a bidder can operate outside of or otherwise remote from the server system  252 , such as bidder D  258 . Continuing with this example, the transaction manager  242  can generate a bid request including information about the ad space, the user, and so forth, and can send the bid request to multiple bidders such as bidder A  271 , bidder B  272 , and bidder C  273 , as well as via the networks  243  to servers of other bidders (e.g., bidder D  258 ). These bid requests (which can be encoded or compressed) can be composed in various formats such as JSON format and sent to bidders utilizing various protocols such as HTTP POST. The winning bid price can be the highest bid price, a second highest bid price of the auction as determined by Vickrey auction or other second-price auction mechanisms or determined via another winning bidding mechanism or policy. 
     In one or more embodiments, each bidder can determine an appropriate bid based on its own requirements (e.g., budget, targets in placements, and so forth) and can selectively submit a bid response such as including a bid price and/or an identifier of a creative to be served to the transaction manager  242  or other component of server system  252 . In one or more embodiments, the transaction manager  242  or other component of server system  252  can determine a winning bid (e.g., a highest bid) among bid responses received within a specified time period (e.g., 100 milliseconds although other time limits can be applied). In one or more embodiments, the transaction manager  242  or other component of server system  252  can provide a creative associated with the winning bid or identification information (e.g., a URL) of the winning bid creative, such as via the allocation manager  241 , which can cause the application  255  to display the creative in the ad space in the user interface  254 . In one embodiment, the client device  250  can obtain the creative for the winning bid based on a received URL which enables retrieving the creative from another source, such as an ad server (e.g., ad server  244 , or ad servers  257  external to the server system  252 ), or from servers of a content distribution network (CDN)  261 . In one or more embodiments for ad campaign line items, the creatives or URLs of the creatives associated with the line items can be provided (e.g., by the buyer) when the line items are created (e.g., through an API or a web page provided by the server system  252 ). In one or more embodiments for pre-bid line items, the creatives can be provided by the pre-bidders along with their pre-bids. 
     In one or more embodiments, the ad server  244  can serve creatives to web browsers or other applications. In one or more embodiments, the ad server  244  can make decisions about which creatives to serve, and/or can monitor clicks or other user interactions with creatives. 
     In one or more embodiments, the allocation manager  241  can store in the transaction data database  264  transaction information such as one or more of an identifier of the creative served to the ad space, an identifier of the broker, an identifier of the buyer, the user&#39;s identifier, the price of the ad space, an identifier of the ad space, an identifier of the seller of the ad space, and/or a time stamp. Other transaction information of a transaction can also be monitored and stored. 
     In one or more embodiments which can be utilized in conjunction with broker curated deals described herein or where no eligible curated deal line item is discovered, publishers or sellers can allocate portions of their ad space inventory to buyers (e.g., advertisers or ad networks) for the buyers&#39; ad campaigns (e.g., direct ad campaigns or programmatic ad campaigns) through offline agreements. For example, different percentages of the ad space inventory on a landing page of a website during a specified time period (e.g., a week or a month) can be allocated to different advertisers for each of their ad campaigns. These agreements can include a number of terms such as one or more of payment model and/or pricing for the ad space inventory, a desired pacing of the ad campaign (e.g., the time rate at which the publisher&#39;s ad spaces are allocated to the ad campaign), targeting parameters (e.g., preferences or limits on which instances of ad space inventory can be allocated to an ad campaign, based on data associated with the ad space inventory), priority of the ad campaign relative to contemporaneous ad campaigns on the publisher&#39;s site, and so forth. 
     In one or more embodiments, these agreements can be implemented and enforced by an allocation manager associated with (e.g., executing on) the publisher&#39;s ad server. In one embodiment to implement and enforce the terms of such agreements, the allocation manager can utilize line items and prioritization rules. When a request to fill an available ad space is received, the allocation manager can compare characteristics of the ad space to the parameters of line items representing the publisher&#39;s agreements with buyers. If more than one line item matches the ad request (indicating that more than one creative or ad campaign may be eligible to fill the ad space), the allocation manager can apply the prioritization rules to determine which ad campaign or creative fills the ad space. 
     In one or more embodiments, line items are used to allocate a seller&#39;s ad space inventory among buyers in ways that are consistent with the terms of agreements between the seller and the buyers, including terms relating to targeting, pacing, prioritization, number of impressions, and budget constraints. Line items can be implemented or generated in advance of starting an ad campaign, such as where values of parameters of line items (e.g., the values of price and/or prioritization parameters) are set by programmers prior to initiating the ad campaign. 
     In one or more embodiments which can be utilized in conjunction with broker curated deals described herein or where no eligible curated deal line item is discovered, system  240  can enable publishers to make some ad space inventory available to real-time bidders via server-side auctions. In one embodiment, if a publisher&#39;s allocation manager determines that no line items match an ad request, the allocation manager can forward the request to an ad exchange, which can offer the ad space to bidders in a server-side auction. In this example, the ad space can then be allocated to the winning bidder, and the system can serve a creative provided by the winning bidder to fill the ad space. 
     In one or more embodiments which can be utilized in conjunction with broker curated deals described herein or where no eligible curated deal line item is discovered, system  240  can enable publishers to implement pre-bidding which can be client-side and/or server-side auctions (for example which take place prior to allocating ad space inventory to the ad campaigns of the publishers&#39; direct or programmatic partners). In one embodiment, when an instance of an ad space is available to fill (e.g., when a browser begins to load a web page with an ad space), a system can initiate an auction by requesting bids from pre-bidding partners. For example, auction data describing the results of the auction (e.g., the identity, bid price, and creative of the winning bidder, or the identities, bid prices, and creatives of multiple bidders) can be provided to the allocation manager, which uses the auction data to determine how to allocate the ad space. 
     In one embodiment, when a bid for an ad space is received from a pre-bid partner, the allocation manager can search for a line item with a buyer identity parameter that matches the identity of the pre-bid partner and a price (or price range) parameter that matches the value of the partner&#39;s bid. 
       FIG. 2D  depicts an illustrative embodiment of a method  280  in accordance with various aspects described herein which allow for curated deals to be managed where a broker aggregates inventory across more than one seller and offers it to buyers. Method  280  can be performed by various devices and/or combinations of devices described herein including the auction server  101  and/or the ad server  102  of  FIG. 1 ; the ad delivery and decisioning system  220  and/or proprietary bidder  225  of  FIG. 2A ; and/or the server system  252  of  FIG. 2C . At  282 , an ad call can be received by a processing system. For example, the ad call can be associated with an ad space available in media content that is being presented at an end user device. The media content can be various types of content including a web page, a video game, a video, connected TV, Video-on-demand, Over-The-Top content, long form video and so forth. 
     At  284 , the processing system can identify or otherwise discover a group of bidders (or buyers) from among a plurality of bidders (or buyers). This discovery process can be performed in a number of different ways. For example, the identifying can be based on an analysis of seller&#39;s line items, seller deals, and/or curated deals, which are created and stored so as to be accessible when the ad call is received. In one or more embodiments, the seller&#39;s line items and the seller deals can be generated via a user interface to the ad delivery and decisioning system  220 , the proprietary bidder  225  or other devices, by various entities such as a seller (e.g., a publisher of content). 
     In one or more embodiments, the curated deals can be generated via a user interface to the ad delivery and decisioning system  220 , the proprietary bidder  225  or other devices, by various entities such as a broker (e.g., an intermediary to the seller and buyers). 
     In one embodiment, the seller&#39;s line items can be associated with buyers to specify various terms or agreements in conjunction with ad campaigns and bidding on electronic advertising. In one embodiment, the seller deals can be associated with a seller (e.g., a publisher of the media content being presented at the end user device) that is aggregating the seller&#39;s inventory in seller deals offering preferential terms, including terms or agreements in conjunction with ad campaigns and bidding on electronic advertising. In one embodiment, the curated deals can be associated with brokers that are aggregating inventory across multiple sellers. For example, the brokers can be third party entities, such as distinct from the buyers and the seller. In another embodiment, the broker can be a seller offering up its own inventory as part of the curated deal. 
     At  286 , the processing system can conduct auctions with the group of discovered bidders, where the auctions include one or more curated deal auctions in which one or more brokers aggregates curated deal inventory across a plurality of sellers including the seller, and where the curated deal inventory includes the ad space. At  288 , the processing system can obtain bids from the auctions and at  290  the processing system can determine a winning bid from among the bids. The analysis of the bids and the determining of the winning bid can be performed in a number of different ways, including ranking bids based on price, priority or other factors. At  292 , various types of notification(s) can be provided by the processing system based on the winning bid. For example, an ad server and/or the end user device can be provided with the creative or an identification of the winning bid to enable the end user device to render the creative associated with the winning bid in the ad space. 
     In one embodiment, the auctions can include one or more deal auctions in which the seller aggregates deal inventory of the seller to one or more buyers at preferential terms, and where the deal inventory includes the ad space. In one embodiment, the auctions can include one or more real-time bid auctions (e.g., with demand partners) in which another seller of the sellers offers the ad space to another buyer of the buyers. In one embodiment, the curated deal auction can be based on an indication of the seller prior to the curated deal auction that the ad space is to be included in the curated deal inventory. 
     In one embodiment, the processing system can determine priorities associated with the bids, where the determining the winning bid is based in part on determining of the priorities. In one embodiment, the processing system can receive a call back message responsive to the end user device rendering the creative. In one embodiment, the receiving the ad call can include receiving deal identification information from a supply-side platform server. In one embodiment, the winning bid corresponds to a particular curated deal of the curated deals, where the particular curated deal has a same buyer as a particular deal identified by the deal identification information. In one embodiment, the winning bid corresponds to a particular curated deal of the curated deal, where the particular curated deal has a same buyer as one or more particular seller deals of the seller deals. In one embodiment, equipment of the brokers store user information associated with a user of the end user device. For example, the brokers can provide a particular service to the end user device (such as a merchant) and can collect data associated with the end user device according to that service. This collected data can be packaged or provided to the buyers to facilitate the decision to purchase the ad space which is being presented to the end user. 
     While for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the respective processes are shown and described as a series of blocks in  FIG. 2D , it is to be understood and appreciated that the claimed subject matter is not limited by the order of the blocks, as some blocks may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other blocks from what is depicted and described herein. Moreover, not all illustrated blocks may be required to implement the methods described herein. 
     In one or more embodiments, a curated deal can be created by a curator, potentially including inventory aggregation (e.g., targeting of seller domains without explicit action from sellers), roll-up deals (e.g., including deals with individual sellers who actively control and contribute inventory), or curator managed deals (e.g., a curator who also has their own owned-and-operated inventory to include that inventory in a curated deal). In one embodiment, a contributing seller deal is created by a seller, as a way to explicitly contribute inventory to the curator for inclusion in a curated deal. This can be a “roll-up” scenario, where the seller uses more granular control over what&#39;s included in curation, and can also potentially provide negotiated pricing and/or priority inventory access. In one embodiment, a contributing curator-managed deal is created by the curator if they also have owned-and-operated inventory, as a way to contribute their own inventory to a curated deal, alongside inventory procured from other sellers also included in that curated deal. In one embodiment, a buyer line item can be utilized which is the object created by the buyer in their DSP (bidder), and which could be a proprietary bidder or other 3 rd  party bidders. In this example, this line item can target the curated deal, so the buyer can effectively buy all of the curated inventory wrapped in a very simple, single targetable deal ID. In one embodiment, seller line item(s) can be line item object(s) that are not a part of curation, but rather can compete with curation activity among the different representations of demand competing for a seller&#39;s inventory 
     Referring now to  FIG. 3 , a block diagram  300  is shown illustrating an example, non-limiting embodiment of a virtualized communication network in accordance with various aspects described herein. In particular a virtualized communication network is presented that can be used to implement some or all of the subsystems and functions of communication network  100 , the subsystems and functions of data flow  200  and/or  231 , system  240  and method  280  presented in  FIGS. 1, 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D . For example, virtualized communication network  300  can facilitate in whole or in part (alone or in conjunction with auctions and/or deal auctions), curated deal auctions where a broker aggregates inventory across multiple sellers and offers that up to buyers. For instance in some curated deal auctions, the broker can augment the curated deals with other data, such as data collected by or otherwise obtained by the broker that is related to the particular end user. 
     In particular, a cloud networking architecture is shown that leverages cloud technologies and supports rapid innovation and scalability via a transport layer  350 , a virtualized network function cloud  325  and/or one or more cloud computing environments  375 . In various embodiments, this cloud networking architecture is an open architecture that leverages application programming interfaces (APIs); reduces complexity from services and operations; supports more nimble business models; and rapidly and seamlessly scales to meet evolving customer requirements including traffic growth, diversity of traffic types, and diversity of performance and reliability expectations. 
     In contrast to traditional network elements—which are typically integrated to perform a single function, the virtualized communication network employs virtual network elements (VNEs)  330 ,  332 ,  334 , etc. that perform some or all of the functions of network elements  150 ,  152 ,  154 ,  156 , etc. For example, the network architecture can provide a substrate of networking capability, often called Network Function Virtualization Infrastructure (NFVI) or simply infrastructure that is capable of being directed with software and Software Defined Networking (SDN) protocols to perform a broad variety of network functions and services. This infrastructure can include several types of substrates. The most typical type of substrate being servers that support Network Function Virtualization (NFV), followed by packet forwarding capabilities based on generic computing resources, with specialized network technologies brought to bear when general purpose processors or general purpose integrated circuit devices offered by merchants (referred to herein as merchant silicon) are not appropriate. In this case, communication services can be implemented as cloud-centric workloads. 
     As an example, a traditional network element  150  (shown in  FIG. 1 ), such as an edge router can be implemented via a VNE  330  composed of NFV software modules, merchant silicon, and associated controllers. The software can be written so that increasing workload consumes incremental resources from a common resource pool, and moreover so that it&#39;s elastic: so the resources are only consumed when needed. In a similar fashion, other network elements such as other routers, switches, edge caches, and middle-boxes are instantiated from the common resource pool. Such sharing of infrastructure across a broad set of uses makes planning and growing infrastructure easier to manage. 
     In an embodiment, the transport layer  350  includes fiber, cable, wired and/or wireless transport elements, network elements and interfaces to provide broadband access  110 , wireless access  120 , voice access  130 , media access  140  and/or access to content sources  175  for distribution of content to any or all of the access technologies. In particular, in some cases a network element needs to be positioned at a specific place, and this allows for less sharing of common infrastructure. Other times, the network elements have specific physical layer adapters that cannot be abstracted or virtualized, and might require special DSP code and analog front-ends (AFEs) that do not lend themselves to implementation as VNEs  330 ,  332  or  334 . These network elements can be included in transport layer  350 . 
     The virtualized network function cloud  325  interfaces with the transport layer  350  to provide the VNEs  330 ,  332 ,  334 , etc. to provide specific NFVs. In particular, the virtualized network function cloud  325  leverages cloud operations, applications, and architectures to support networking workloads. The virtualized network elements  330 ,  332  and  334  can employ network function software that provides either a one-for-one mapping of traditional network element function or alternately some combination of network functions designed for cloud computing. For example, VNEs  330 ,  332  and  334  can include route reflectors, domain name system (DNS) servers, and dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) servers, system architecture evolution (SAE) and/or mobility management entity (MME) gateways, broadband network gateways, IP edge routers for IP-VPN, Ethernet and other services, load balancers, distributers and other network elements. Because these elements don&#39;t typically need to forward large amounts of traffic, their workload can be distributed across a number of servers—each of which adds a portion of the capability, and overall which creates an elastic function with higher availability than its former monolithic version. These virtual network elements  330 ,  332 ,  334 , etc. can be instantiated and managed using an orchestration approach similar to those used in cloud compute services. 
     The cloud computing environments  375  can interface with the virtualized network function cloud  325  via APIs that expose functional capabilities of the VNEs  330 ,  332 ,  334 , etc. to provide the flexible and expanded capabilities to the virtualized network function cloud  325 . In particular, network workloads may have applications distributed across the virtualized network function cloud  325  and cloud computing environment  375  and in the commercial cloud, or might simply orchestrate workloads supported entirely in NFV infrastructure from these third party locations. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 4 , there is illustrated a block diagram of a computing environment in accordance with various aspects described herein. In order to provide additional context for various embodiments of the embodiments described herein,  FIG. 4  and the following discussion are intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable computing environment  400  in which the various embodiments of the subject disclosure can be implemented. In particular, computing environment  400  can be used in the implementation of network elements  150 ,  152 ,  154 ,  156 , access terminal  112 , base station or access point  122 , switching device  132 , media terminal  142 , and/or VNEs  330 ,  332 ,  334 , etc. Each of these devices can be implemented via computer-executable instructions that can run on one or more computers, and/or in combination with other program modules and/or as a combination of hardware and software. For example, computing environment  400  can facilitate in whole or in part (alone or in conjunction with auctions and/or deal auctions), curated deal auctions where a broker aggregates inventory across multiple sellers and offers that up to buyers. For instance in some curated deal auctions, the broker can augment the curated deals with other data, such as data collected by or otherwise obtained by the broker that is related to the particular end user. 
     As another example, computing environment  400  can: receive an ad call associated with an ad space available in media content that is being presented at an end user device; identify a group of bidders based on an analysis of line items that include a curation deal line item; conduct auctions with the group of bidders, where the auctions include a curated deal auction based on a curated deal of the curation deal line item in which a broker aggregates curated deal inventory across a plurality of sellers including a seller of the ad space, and where the curated deal inventory includes the ad space; obtain bids from the auctions; determine a winning bid from among the bids; and provide a notification associated with the winning bid, where the notification causes the end user device to render a creative associated with the winning bid in the ad space. In one embodiment, the line items include seller&#39;s line items and seller deals, where the seller&#39;s line items are associated with buyers, and where the seller deals are associated with a seller that aggregates deal inventory of the seller including the ad space and offers preferential terms. In one embodiment, the winning bid corresponds to the curation deal line item that has a same buyer as a particular seller deal of the seller deals. In one embodiment, the auctions include a deal auction associated with one or more of the seller deals. In one embodiment, the broker is a third party entity distinct from buyers and the seller, and where the curated deal auction is based on an indication of the seller prior to the curated deal auction that the ad space is to be included in the curated deal inventory. In one embodiment, a call back message can be received responsive to the end user device rendering the creative. In one embodiment, the receiving the ad call comprises receiving deal identification information from a supply-side platform server. In one embodiment, the auctions include a real-time bid auction in which bid requests are transmitted to a plurality of Supply-Side Platform (SSP) servers, and where bid responses are received from one or more of the plurality of SSP servers within a time deadline. In one embodiment, equipment of the broker stores user information associated with a user of the end user device. 
     Generally, program modules comprise routines, programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the methods can be practiced with other computer system configurations, comprising single-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can be operatively coupled to one or more associated devices. 
     As used herein, a processing circuit includes one or more processors as well as other application specific circuits such as an application specific integrated circuit, digital logic circuit, state machine, programmable gate array or other circuit that processes input signals or data and that produces output signals or data in response thereto. It should be noted that while any functions and features described herein in association with the operation of a processor could likewise be performed by a processing circuit. 
     The illustrated embodiments of the embodiments herein can be also practiced in distributed computing environments where certain tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices. 
     Computing devices typically comprise a variety of media, which can comprise computer-readable storage media and/or communications media, which two terms are used herein differently from one another as follows. Computer-readable storage media can be any available storage media that can be accessed by the computer and comprises both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable storage media can be implemented in connection with any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, program modules, structured data or unstructured data. 
     Computer-readable storage media can comprise, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or other tangible and/or non-transitory media which can be used to store desired information. In this regard, the terms “tangible” or “non-transitory” herein as applied to storage, memory or computer-readable media, are to be understood to exclude only propagating transitory signals per se as modifiers and do not relinquish rights to all standard storage, memory or computer-readable media that are not only propagating transitory signals per se. 
     Computer-readable storage media can be accessed by one or more local or remote computing devices, e.g., via access requests, queries or other data retrieval protocols, for a variety of operations with respect to the information stored by the medium. 
     Communications media typically embody computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other structured or unstructured data in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and comprises any information delivery or transport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signals refers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in one or more signals. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media comprise wired media, such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. 
     With reference again to  FIG. 4 , the example environment can comprise a computer  402 , the computer  402  comprising a processing unit  404 , a system memory  406  and a system bus  408 . The system bus  408  couples system components including, but not limited to, the system memory  406  to the processing unit  404 . The processing unit  404  can be any of various commercially available processors. Dual microprocessors and other multiprocessor architectures can also be employed as the processing unit  404 . 
     The system bus  408  can be any of several types of bus structure that can further interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memory controller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of commercially available bus architectures. The system memory  406  comprises ROM  410  and RAM  412 . A basic input/output system (BIOS) can be stored in a non-volatile memory such as ROM, erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the computer  402 , such as during startup. The RAM  412  can also comprise a high-speed RAM such as static RAM for caching data. 
     The computer  402  further comprises an internal hard disk drive (HDD)  414  (e.g., EIDE, SATA), which internal HDD  414  can also be configured for external use in a suitable chassis (not shown), a magnetic floppy disk drive (FDD)  416 , (e.g., to read from or write to a removable diskette  418 ) and an optical disk drive  420 , (e.g., reading a CD-ROM disk  422  or, to read from or write to other high capacity optical media such as the DVD). The HDD  414 , magnetic FDD  416  and optical disk drive  420  can be connected to the system bus  408  by a hard disk drive interface  424 , a magnetic disk drive interface  426  and an optical drive interface  428 , respectively. The hard disk drive interface  424  for external drive implementations comprises at least one or both of Universal Serial Bus (USB) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1394 interface technologies. Other external drive connection technologies are within contemplation of the embodiments described herein. 
     The drives and their associated computer-readable storage media provide nonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executable instructions, and so forth. For the computer  402 , the drives and storage media accommodate the storage of any data in a suitable digital format. Although the description of computer-readable storage media above refers to a hard disk drive (HDD), a removable magnetic diskette, and a removable optical media such as a CD or DVD, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of storage media which are readable by a computer, such as zip drives, magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, cartridges, and the like, can also be used in the example operating environment, and further, that any such storage media can contain computer-executable instructions for performing the methods described herein. 
     A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and RAM  412 , comprising an operating system  430 , one or more application programs  432 , other program modules  434  and program data  436 . All or portions of the operating system, applications, modules, and/or data can also be cached in the RAM  412 . The systems and methods described herein can be implemented utilizing various commercially available operating systems or combinations of operating systems. 
     A user can enter commands and information into the computer  402  through one or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., a keyboard  438  and a pointing device, such as a mouse  440 . Other input devices (not shown) can comprise a microphone, an infrared (IR) remote control, a joystick, a game pad, a stylus pen, touch screen or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit  404  through an input device interface  442  that can be coupled to the system bus  408 , but can be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, an IEEE 1394 serial port, a game port, a universal serial bus (USB) port, an IR interface, etc. 
     A monitor  444  or other type of display device can be also connected to the system bus  408  via an interface, such as a video adapter  446 . It will also be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, a monitor  444  can also be any display device (e.g., another computer having a display, a smart phone, a tablet computer, etc.) for receiving display information associated with computer  402  via any communication means, including via the Internet and cloud-based networks. In addition to the monitor  444 , a computer typically comprises other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc. 
     The computer  402  can operate in a networked environment using logical connections via wired and/or wireless communications to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer(s)  448 . The remote computer(s)  448  can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, a personal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainment appliance, a peer device or other common network node, and typically comprises many or all of the elements described relative to the computer  402 , although, for purposes of brevity, only a remote memory/storage device  450  is illustrated. The logical connections depicted comprise wired/wireless connectivity to a local area network (LAN)  452  and/or larger networks, e.g., a wide area network (WAN)  454 . Such LAN and WAN networking environments are commonplace in offices and companies, and facilitate enterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all of which can connect to a global communications network, e.g., the Internet. 
     When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer  402  can be connected to the LAN  452  through a wired and/or wireless communication network interface or adapter  456 . The adapter  456  can facilitate wired or wireless communication to the LAN  452 , which can also comprise a wireless AP disposed thereon for communicating with the adapter  456 . 
     When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer  402  can comprise a modem  458  or can be connected to a communications server on the WAN  454  or has other means for establishing communications over the WAN  454 , such as by way of the Internet. The modem  458 , which can be internal or external and a wired or wireless device, can be connected to the system bus  408  via the input device interface  442 . In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer  402  or portions thereof, can be stored in the remote memory/storage device  450 . It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are example and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers can be used. 
     The computer  402  can be operable to communicate with any wireless devices or entities operatively disposed in wireless communication, e.g., a printer, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portable data assistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment or location associated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk, news stand, restroom), and telephone. This can comprise Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) and BLUETOOTH® wireless technologies. Thus, the communication can be a predefined structure as with a conventional network or simply an ad hoc communication between at least two devices. 
     Wi-Fi can allow connection to the Internet from a couch at home, a bed in a hotel room or a conference room at work, without wires. Wi-Fi is a wireless technology similar to that used in a cell phone that enables such devices, e.g., computers, to send and receive data indoors and out; anywhere within the range of a base station. Wi-Fi networks use radio technologies called IEEE 802.11 (a, b, g, n, ac, ag, etc.) to provide secure, reliable, fast wireless connectivity. A Wi-Fi network can be used to connect computers to each other, to the Internet, and to wired networks (which can use IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet). Wi-Fi networks operate in the unlicensed 2.4 and 5 GHz radio bands for example or with products that contain both bands (dual band), so the networks can provide real-world performance similar to the basic 10BaseT wired Ethernet networks used in many offices. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 5 , an embodiment  500  of a mobile network platform  510  is shown that is an example of network elements  150 ,  152 ,  154 ,  156 , and/or VNEs  330 ,  332 ,  334 , etc. For example, platform  510  can facilitate in whole or in part (alone or in conjunction with auctions and/or deal auctions), curated deal auctions where a broker aggregates inventory across multiple sellers and offers that up to buyers. For instance in some curated deal auctions, the broker can augment the curated deals with other data, such as data collected by or otherwise obtained by the broker that is related to the particular end user. In one embodiment, platform  510  can facilitate receiving an ad call associated with an ad space available in media content that is being presented at an end user device; identifying a group of bidders based on an analysis of line items that include a curation deal line item; conducting auctions with the group of bidders, where the auctions include a curated deal auction based on a curated deal of the curation deal line item in which a broker aggregates curated deal inventory across a plurality of sellers including a seller of the ad space, and where the curated deal inventory includes the ad space; obtaining bids from the auctions; determining a winning bid from among the bids; and providing a notification associated with the winning bid, where the notification causes the end user device to render a creative associated with the winning bid in the ad space. 
     In one or more embodiments, the mobile network platform  510  can generate and receive signals transmitted and received by base stations or access points such as base station or access point  122 . Generally, mobile network platform  510  can comprise components, e.g., nodes, gateways, interfaces, servers, or disparate platforms, that facilitate both packet-switched (PS) (e.g., internet protocol (IP), frame relay, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)) and circuit-switched (CS) traffic (e.g., voice and data), as well as control generation for networked wireless telecommunication. As a non-limiting example, mobile network platform  510  can be included in telecommunications carrier networks, and can be considered carrier-side components as discussed elsewhere herein. Mobile network platform  510  comprises CS gateway node(s)  512  which can interface CS traffic received from legacy networks like telephony network(s)  540  (e.g., public switched telephone network (PSTN), or public land mobile network (PLMN)) or a signaling system #7 (SS7) network  560 . CS gateway node(s)  512  can authorize and authenticate traffic (e.g., voice) arising from such networks. Additionally, CS gateway node(s)  512  can access mobility, or roaming, data generated through SS7 network  560 ; for instance, mobility data stored in a visited location register (VLR), which can reside in memory  530 . Moreover, CS gateway node(s)  512  interfaces CS-based traffic and signaling and PS gateway node(s)  518 . As an example, in a 3GPP UMTS network, CS gateway node(s)  512  can be realized at least in part in gateway GPRS support node(s) (GGSN). It should be appreciated that functionality and specific operation of CS gateway node(s)  512 , PS gateway node(s)  518 , and serving node(s)  516 , is provided and dictated by radio technology(ies) utilized by mobile network platform  510  for telecommunication over a radio access network  520  with other devices, such as a radiotelephone  575 . 
     In addition to receiving and processing CS-switched traffic and signaling, PS gateway node(s)  518  can authorize and authenticate PS-based data sessions with served mobile devices. Data sessions can comprise traffic, or content(s), exchanged with networks external to the mobile network platform  510 , like wide area network(s) (WANs)  550 , enterprise network(s)  570 , and service network(s)  580 , which can be embodied in local area network(s) (LANs), can also be interfaced with mobile network platform  510  through PS gateway node(s)  518 . It is to be noted that WANs  550  and enterprise network(s)  570  can embody, at least in part, a service network(s) like IP multimedia subsystem (IMS). Based on radio technology layer(s) available in technology resource(s) or radio access network  520 , PS gateway node(s)  518  can generate packet data protocol contexts when a data session is established; other data structures that facilitate routing of packetized data also can be generated. To that end, in an aspect, PS gateway node(s)  518  can comprise a tunnel interface (e.g., tunnel termination gateway (TTG) in 3GPP UMTS network(s) (not shown)) which can facilitate packetized communication with disparate wireless network(s), such as Wi-Fi networks. 
     In embodiment  500 , mobile network platform  510  also comprises serving node(s)  516  that, based upon available radio technology layer(s) within technology resource(s) in the radio access network  520 , convey the various packetized flows of data streams received through PS gateway node(s)  518 . It is to be noted that for technology resource(s) that rely primarily on CS communication, server node(s) can deliver traffic without reliance on PS gateway node(s)  518 ; for example, server node(s) can embody at least in part a mobile switching center. As an example, in a 3GPP UMTS network, serving node(s)  516  can be embodied in serving GPRS support node(s) (SGSN). 
     For radio technologies that exploit packetized communication, server(s)  514  in mobile network platform  510  can execute numerous applications that can generate multiple disparate packetized data streams or flows, and manage (e.g., schedule, queue, format . . . ) such flows. Such application(s) can comprise add-on features to standard services (for example, provisioning, billing, customer support . . . ) provided by mobile network platform  510 . Data streams (e.g., content(s) that are part of a voice call or data session) can be conveyed to PS gateway node(s)  518  for authorization/authentication and initiation of a data session, and to serving node(s)  516  for communication thereafter. In addition to application server, server(s)  514  can comprise utility server(s), a utility server can comprise a provisioning server, an operations and maintenance server, a security server that can implement at least in part a certificate authority and firewalls as well as other security mechanisms, and the like. In an aspect, security server(s) secure communication served through mobile network platform  510  to ensure network&#39;s operation and data integrity in addition to authorization and authentication procedures that CS gateway node(s)  512  and PS gateway node(s)  518  can enact. Moreover, provisioning server(s) can provision services from external network(s) like networks operated by a disparate service provider; for instance, WAN  550  or Global Positioning System (GPS) network(s) (not shown). Provisioning server(s) can also provision coverage through networks associated to mobile network platform  510  (e.g., deployed and operated by the same service provider), such as the distributed antennas networks shown in  FIG. 1( s )  that enhance wireless service coverage by providing more network coverage. 
     It is to be noted that server(s)  514  can comprise one or more processors configured to confer at least in part the functionality of mobile network platform  510 . To that end, the one or more processor can execute code instructions stored in memory  530 , for example. It is should be appreciated that server(s)  514  can comprise a content manager, which operates in substantially the same manner as described hereinbefore. 
     In example embodiment  500 , memory  530  can store information related to operation of mobile network platform  510 . Other operational information can comprise provisioning information of mobile devices served through mobile network platform  510 , subscriber databases; application intelligence, pricing schemes, e.g., promotional rates, flat-rate programs, couponing campaigns; technical specification(s) consistent with telecommunication protocols for operation of disparate radio, or wireless, technology layers; and so forth. Memory  530  can also store information from at least one of telephony network(s)  540 , WAN  550 , SS7 network  560 , or enterprise network(s)  570 . In an aspect, memory  530  can be, for example, accessed as part of a data store component or as a remotely connected memory store. 
     In order to provide a context for the various aspects of the disclosed subject matter,  FIG. 5 , and the following discussion, are intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable environment in which the various aspects of the disclosed subject matter can be implemented. While the subject matter has been described above in the general context of computer-executable instructions of a computer program that runs on a computer and/or computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosed subject matter also can be implemented in combination with other program modules. Generally, program modules comprise routines, programs, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks and/or implement particular abstract data types. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 6 , an illustrative embodiment of a communication device  600  is shown. The communication device  600  can serve as an illustrative embodiment of devices such as data terminals  114 , mobile devices  124 , vehicle  126 , display devices  144  or other client devices for communication via either communications network  125 . For example, computing device  600  can facilitate in whole or in part (alone or in conjunction with auctions and/or deal auctions), curated deal auctions where a broker aggregates inventory across multiple sellers and offers that up to buyers. For instance in some curated deal auctions, the broker can augment the curated deals with other data, such as data collected by or otherwise obtained by the broker that is related to the particular end user. 
     The communication device  600  can comprise a wireline and/or wireless transceiver  602  (herein transceiver  602 ), a user interface (UI)  604 , a power supply  614 , a location receiver  616 , a motion sensor  618 , an orientation sensor  620 , and a controller  606  for managing operations thereof. The transceiver  602  can support short-range or long-range wireless access technologies such as Bluetooth®, ZigBee®, WiFi, DECT, or cellular communication technologies, just to mention a few (Bluetooth® and ZigBee® are trademarks registered by the Bluetooth® Special Interest Group and the ZigBee® Alliance, respectively). Cellular technologies can include, for example, CDMA-1×, UMTS/HSDPA, GSM/GPRS, TDMA/EDGE, EV/DO, WiMAX, SDR, LTE, as well as other next generation wireless communication technologies as they arise. The transceiver  602  can also be adapted to support circuit-switched wireline access technologies (such as PSTN), packet-switched wireline access technologies (such as TCP/IP, VoIP, etc.), and combinations thereof. 
     The UI  604  can include a depressible or touch-sensitive keypad  608  with a navigation mechanism such as a roller ball, a joystick, a mouse, or a navigation disk for manipulating operations of the communication device  600 . The keypad  608  can be an integral part of a housing assembly of the communication device  600  or an independent device operably coupled thereto by a tethered wireline interface (such as a USB cable) or a wireless interface supporting for example Bluetooth®. The keypad  608  can represent a numeric keypad commonly used by phones, and/or a QWERTY keypad with alphanumeric keys. The UI  604  can further include a display  610  such as monochrome or color LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) or other suitable display technology for conveying images to an end user of the communication device  600 . In an embodiment where the display  610  is touch-sensitive, a portion or all of the keypad  608  can be presented by way of the display  610  with navigation features. 
     The display  610  can use touch screen technology to also serve as a user interface for detecting user input. As a touch screen display, the communication device  600  can be adapted to present a user interface having graphical user interface (GUI) elements that can be selected by a user with a touch of a finger. The display  610  can be equipped with capacitive, resistive or other forms of sensing technology to detect how much surface area of a user&#39;s finger has been placed on a portion of the touch screen display. This sensing information can be used to control the manipulation of the GUI elements or other functions of the user interface. The display  610  can be an integral part of the housing assembly of the communication device  600  or an independent device communicatively coupled thereto by a tethered wireline interface (such as a cable) or a wireless interface. 
     The UI  604  can also include an audio system  612  that utilizes audio technology for conveying low volume audio (such as audio heard in proximity of a human ear) and high volume audio (such as speakerphone for hands free operation). The audio system  612  can further include a microphone for receiving audible signals of an end user. The audio system  612  can also be used for voice recognition applications. The UI  604  can further include an image sensor  613  such as a charged coupled device (CCD) camera for capturing still or moving images. 
     The power supply  614  can utilize common power management technologies such as replaceable and rechargeable batteries, supply regulation technologies, and/or charging system technologies for supplying energy to the components of the communication device  600  to facilitate long-range or short-range portable communications. Alternatively, or in combination, the charging system can utilize external power sources such as DC power supplied over a physical interface such as a USB port or other suitable tethering technologies. 
     The location receiver  616  can utilize location technology such as a global positioning system (GPS) receiver capable of assisted GPS for identifying a location of the communication device  600  based on signals generated by a constellation of GPS satellites, which can be used for facilitating location services such as navigation. The motion sensor  618  can utilize motion sensing technology such as an accelerometer, a gyroscope, or other suitable motion sensing technology to detect motion of the communication device  600  in three-dimensional space. The orientation sensor  620  can utilize orientation sensing technology such as a magnetometer to detect the orientation of the communication device  600  (north, south, west, and east, as well as combined orientations in degrees, minutes, or other suitable orientation metrics). 
     The communication device  600  can use the transceiver  602  to also determine a proximity to a cellular, WiFi, Bluetooth®, or other wireless access points by sensing techniques such as utilizing a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and/or signal time of arrival (TOA) or time of flight (TOF) measurements. The controller  606  can utilize computing technologies such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), programmable gate arrays, application specific integrated circuits, and/or a video processor with associated storage memory such as Flash, ROM, RAM, SRAM, DRAM or other storage technologies for executing computer instructions, controlling, and processing data supplied by the aforementioned components of the communication device  600 . 
     Other components not shown in  FIG. 6  can be used in one or more embodiments of the subject disclosure. For instance, the communication device  600  can include a slot for adding or removing an identity module such as a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card or Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC). SIM or UICC cards can be used for identifying subscriber services, executing programs, storing subscriber data, and so on. 
     The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” and so forth, as used in the claims, unless otherwise clear by context, is for clarity only and doesn&#39;t otherwise indicate or imply any order in time. For instance, “a first determination,” “a second determination,” and “a third determination,” does not indicate or imply that the first determination is to be made before the second determination, or vice versa, etc. 
     In the subject specification, terms such as “store,” “storage,” “data store,” data storage,” “database,” and substantially any other information storage component relevant to operation and functionality of a component, refer to “memory components,” or entities embodied in a “memory” or components comprising the memory. It will be appreciated that the memory components described herein can be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or can comprise both volatile and nonvolatile memory, by way of illustration, and not limitation, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, disk storage, and memory storage. Further, nonvolatile memory can be included in read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can comprise random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). Additionally, the disclosed memory components of systems or methods herein are intended to comprise, without being limited to comprising, these and any other suitable types of memory. 
     Moreover, it will be noted that the disclosed subject matter can be practiced with other computer system configurations, comprising single-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, mini-computing devices, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices (e.g., PDA, phone, smartphone, watch, tablet computers, netbook computers, etc.), microprocessor-based or programmable consumer or industrial electronics, and the like. The illustrated aspects can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network; however, some if not all aspects of the subject disclosure can be practiced on stand-alone computers. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices. 
     In one or more embodiments, information regarding use of services can be generated including services being accessed, media consumption history, user preferences, and so forth. This information can be obtained by various methods including user input, detecting types of communications (e.g., video content vs. audio content), analysis of content streams, sampling, and so forth. The generating, obtaining and/or monitoring of this information can be responsive to an authorization provided by the user. In one or more embodiments, an analysis of data can be subject to authorization from user(s) associated with the data, such as an opt-in, an opt-out, acknowledgement requirements, notifications, selective authorization based on types of data, and so forth. 
     Some of the embodiments described herein can also employ artificial intelligence (AI) to facilitate automating one or more features described herein. The embodiments (e.g., in connection with automatically identifying acquired cell sites that provide a maximum value/benefit after addition to an existing communication network) can employ various AI-based schemes for carrying out various embodiments thereof. Moreover, the classifier can be employed to determine a ranking or priority of each cell site of the acquired network. A classifier is a function that maps an input attribute vector, x=(x1, x2, x3, x4, . . . , xn), to a confidence that the input belongs to a class, that is, f(x)=confidence (class). Such classification can employ a probabilistic and/or statistical-based analysis (e.g., factoring into the analysis utilities and costs) to determine or infer an action that a user desires to be automatically performed. A support vector machine (SVM) is an example of a classifier that can be employed. The SVM operates by finding a hypersurface in the space of possible inputs, which the hypersurface attempts to split the triggering criteria from the non-triggering events. Intuitively, this makes the classification correct for testing data that is near, but not identical to training data. Other directed and undirected model classification approaches comprise, e.g., naïve Bayes, Bayesian networks, decision trees, neural networks, fuzzy logic models, and probabilistic classification models providing different patterns of independence can be employed. Classification as used herein also is inclusive of statistical regression that is utilized to develop models of priority. 
     As will be readily appreciated, one or more of the embodiments can employ classifiers that are explicitly trained (e.g., via a generic training data) as well as implicitly trained (e.g., via observing UE behavior, operator preferences, historical information, receiving extrinsic information). For example, SVMs can be configured via a learning or training phase within a classifier constructor and feature selection module. Thus, the classifier(s) can be used to automatically learn and perform a number of functions, including but not limited to determining according to predetermined criteria which of the acquired cell sites will benefit a maximum number of subscribers and/or which of the acquired cell sites will add minimum value to the existing communication network coverage, etc. 
     As used in some contexts in this application, in some embodiments, the terms “component,” “system” and the like are intended to refer to, or comprise, a computer-related entity or an entity related to an operational apparatus with one or more specific functionalities, wherein the entity can be either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. As an example, a component may be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, computer-executable instructions, a program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration and not limitation, both an application running on a server and the server can be a component. One or more components may reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component may be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon. The components may communicate via local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network such as the Internet with other systems via the signal). As another example, a component can be an apparatus with specific functionality provided by mechanical parts operated by electric or electronic circuitry, which is operated by a software or firmware application executed by a processor, wherein the processor can be internal or external to the apparatus and executes at least a part of the software or firmware application. As yet another example, a component can be an apparatus that provides specific functionality through electronic components without mechanical parts, the electronic components can comprise a processor therein to execute software or firmware that confers at least in part the functionality of the electronic components. While various components have been illustrated as separate components, it will be appreciated that multiple components can be implemented as a single component, or a single component can be implemented as multiple components, without departing from example embodiments. 
     Further, the various embodiments can be implemented as a method, apparatus or article of manufacture using standard programming and/or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware or any combination thereof to control a computer to implement the disclosed subject matter. The term “article of manufacture” as used herein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device or computer-readable storage/communications media. For example, computer readable storage media can include, but are not limited to, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD)), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., card, stick, key drive). Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize many modifications can be made to this configuration without departing from the scope or spirit of the various embodiments. 
     In addition, the words “example” and “exemplary” are used herein to mean serving as an instance or illustration. Any embodiment or design described herein as “example” or “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, use of the word example or exemplary is intended to present concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or”. That is, unless specified otherwise or clear from context, “X employs A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form. 
     Moreover, terms such as “user equipment,” “mobile station,” “mobile,” subscriber station,” “access terminal,” “terminal,” “handset,” “mobile device” (and/or terms representing similar terminology) can refer to a wireless device utilized by a subscriber or user of a wireless communication service to receive or convey data, control, voice, video, sound, gaming or substantially any data-stream or signaling-stream. The foregoing terms are utilized interchangeably herein and with reference to the related drawings. 
     Furthermore, the terms “user,” “subscriber,” “customer,” “consumer” and the like are employed interchangeably throughout, unless context warrants particular distinctions among the terms. It should be appreciated that such terms can refer to human entities or automated components supported through artificial intelligence (e.g., a capacity to make inference based, at least, on complex mathematical formalisms), which can provide simulated vision, sound recognition and so forth. 
     As employed herein, the term “processor” can refer to substantially any computing processing unit or device comprising, but not limited to comprising, single-core processors; single-processors with software multithread execution capability; multi-core processors; multi-core processors with software multithread execution capability; multi-core processors with hardware multithread technology; parallel platforms; and parallel platforms with distributed shared memory. Additionally, a processor can refer to an integrated circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic controller (PLC), a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. Processors can exploit nano-scale architectures such as, but not limited to, molecular and quantum-dot based transistors, switches and gates, in order to optimize space usage or enhance performance of user equipment. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing processing units. 
     As used herein, terms such as “data storage,” data storage,” “database,” and substantially any other information storage component relevant to operation and functionality of a component, refer to “memory components,” or entities embodied in a “memory” or components comprising the memory. It will be appreciated that the memory components or computer-readable storage media, described herein can be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory or can include both volatile and nonvolatile memory. 
     What has been described above includes mere examples of various embodiments. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing these examples, but one of ordinary skill in the art can recognize that many further combinations and permutations of the present embodiments are possible. Accordingly, the embodiments disclosed and/or claimed herein are intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term “includes” is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as “comprising” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim. 
     In addition, a flow diagram may include a “start” and/or “continue” indication. The “start” and “continue” indications reflect that the steps presented can optionally be incorporated in or otherwise used in conjunction with other routines. In this context, “start” indicates the beginning of the first step presented and may be preceded by other activities not specifically shown. Further, the “continue” indication reflects that the steps presented may be performed multiple times and/or may be succeeded by other activities not specifically shown. Further, while a flow diagram indicates a particular ordering of steps, other orderings are likewise possible provided that the principles of causality are maintained. 
     As may also be used herein, the term(s) “operably coupled to”, “coupled to”, and/or “coupling” includes direct coupling between items and/or indirect coupling between items via one or more intervening items. Such items and intervening items include, but are not limited to, junctions, communication paths, components, circuit elements, circuits, functional blocks, and/or devices. As an example of indirect coupling, a signal conveyed from a first item to a second item may be modified by one or more intervening items by modifying the form, nature or format of information in a signal, while one or more elements of the information in the signal are nevertheless conveyed in a manner than can be recognized by the second item. In a further example of indirect coupling, an action in a first item can cause a reaction on the second item, as a result of actions and/or reactions in one or more intervening items. 
     Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that any arrangement which achieves the same or similar purpose may be substituted for the embodiments described or shown by the subject disclosure. The subject disclosure is intended to cover any and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments. Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described herein, can be used in the subject disclosure. For instance, one or more features from one or more embodiments can be combined with one or more features of one or more other embodiments. In one or more embodiments, features that are positively recited can also be negatively recited and excluded from the embodiment with or without replacement by another structural and/or functional feature. The steps or functions described with respect to the embodiments of the subject disclosure can be performed in any order. The steps or functions described with respect to the embodiments of the subject disclosure can be performed alone or in combination with other steps or functions of the subject disclosure, as well as from other embodiments or from other steps that have not been described in the subject disclosure. Further, more than or less than all of the features described with respect to an embodiment can also be utilized.