Patent Publication Number: US-11659366-B1

Title: Method and system for sensing-data collection and transport from Minimization-of-Drive Tests device

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a divisional of and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/442,362, filed on Jun. 14, 2019, entitled “Method and System for Sensing-Data Collection and Transport From Minimization-of-Drive Tests Device,” by Zheng Fang, et al., which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. 
    
    
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     Not applicable. 
     REFERENCE TO A MICROFICHE APPENDIX 
     Not applicable. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Historically, drive testing (or a “drive test,” or “DT”) has involved loading radio frequency (“RF”) test equipment into a car, truck, or other vehicle, driving the vehicle around and about a cellular communication network service area, and operating the test equipment to assess the performance of the network at various different locations. Drive testing has been expensive and time consuming. To reduce the burdens of drive testing, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (“3GPP”) has promulgated Minimization of Drive Tests (“MDT”) standards. These standards, namely, the 3GPP TS 37.320 version 12.2.0 Release 12 a/k/a ETSI TS 137 320 V12.2.0 (2014-09) technical specification and all documents referenced therein, are incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. As used herein, the term “MDT data” means data specified in the MDT standards for use in MDT, while data not so specified is herein referred to as “non-MDT data.” 
     For MDT, cellular-communicative user equipment (“UE”) associated with a cellular communication network may collect some of the MDT data. Further, MDT provides a bi-directional logical communication channel (“MDT channel”) between such UE and an associated cell site or other radio access network (“RAN”). Over the MDT channel, the RAN may transmit MDT configuration and/or control signals to the UE, and the UE may transmit MDT data to the RAN. 
     SUMMARY 
     A method for providing data to a user is disclosed. The method comprises communicating, from a radio access network to a Minimization of Drive Tests (“MDT”)-channel-communicative sensor device, at least one MDT signal selected from the group consisting of an MDT configuration signal and an MDT control signal; generating, at least in part in response to the MDT signal and using an onboard sensor of the MDT-channel-communicative sensor device, sensor data comprising non-MDT data; receiving at least a portion of the sensor data into the radio access network over an MDT channel; and communicating at least the portion of the sensor data from the radio access network to the user. 
     In another embodiment, a method for providing data to a user is disclosed. The method comprises communicating, from a radio access network to a first cellular-communicative UE device, at least one MDT signal selected from the group consisting of an MDT configuration signal and an MDT control signal; receiving sensor data comprising non-MDT data into the first cellular-communicative UE device over at least one wireless communication link selected from the group consisting of a Wi-Fi link, a Bluetooth link, an NFC link, a LoRa link, and an infrared link; communicating at least a portion of the sensor data from the first cellular-communicative UE device to the radio access network over an MDT channel; and communicating at least the portion of the sensor data from the radio access network to the user. 
     In another embodiment, a system for providing data to a user is disclosed. The system comprises a radio access network configured to receive, over an MDT channel, sensor data comprising non-MDT data; and an MDT-channel-communicative sensor device communicatively coupled to the radio access network. The MDT-channel-communicative sensor device includes equipment selected from the group consisting of a cellular-communicative UE device configured to receive the sensor data over at least one wireless communication link selected from the group consisting of a Wi-Fi link, a Bluetooth link, an NFC link, a LoRa link, and an infrared link, and a first radio-head-mounted sensor device configured to generate the sensor data. 
     These and other features will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure, reference is now made to the following brief description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and detailed description, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts. 
         FIG.  1    depicts a system for sensing-data collection and transport according to an embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  2    depicts a layout for a radio-head-mounted sensor according to an embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  3    depicts a layout for another radio-head-mounted sensor according to an embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  4    is a flow chart of a method for sensing-data collection and transport according to an embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  5    is a flow chart of another method for sensing-data collection and transport according to an embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  6    is a block diagram of a computer system suitable for implementing one or more embodiments disclosed herein. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     It should be understood at the outset that although illustrative implementations of one or more embodiments are illustrated below, the disclosed systems and methods may be implemented using any number of techniques, whether currently known or not yet in existence. The disclosure should in no way be limited to the illustrative implementations, drawings, and techniques illustrated below, but may be modified within the scope of the appended claims along with their full scope of equivalents. 
     As cellular communication coverage continues to grow and technologies continue to develop from 3G to 5G (and beyond), sophisticated offerings such as weather reporting and forecasting, public safety alerts and information, traffic information, and others are becoming increasingly desirable to consumers of cellular communication services. Such offerings are increasingly dependent on data from various sensors embedded in mobile phones, Internet of Things (“IoT”) devices, and in other devices. Non-limiting examples of such sensors include accelerometers, gyroscopes, photometers, proximity sensors, fingerprint readers, cameras, microphones, magnetometers, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, wind speed sensors, water level sensors, natural gas (“CH4”) concentration sensors, carbon dioxide (“CO 2 ”) concentration sensors, ozone (“O 3 ”) concentration sensors, volatile organic chemical (“VOC”) concentration sensors, and particulate matter level sensors. As the number of such sensors deployed around the world grows, reliably acquiring and transporting the ever increasing amounts of corresponding sensor data into and through cellular communication networks is becoming more and more challenging. The inventors have recognized that an MDT channel can (in addition to supporting MDT) support the acquisition and transport of such additional sensor data. 
     As used herein, the terms “MDT-channel-communicative sensor,” “MDT-channel-communicative sensor device,” and inflections thereof mean any device that is configured to, at least: sense and/or observe one or more environmental conditions, parameters, characteristics, and/or other aspects of its surroundings other than or in addition to location and/or time; transmit non-MDT data corresponding to such sensor data over an MDT channel; receive MDT configuration and/or control signals over the MDT channel; and respond to the MDT configuration and/or control signals. As described herein, one or more such UE devices and/or one or more other MDT-channel-communicative sensor devices can advantageously transport such sensor data to one or more associated cell sites or other radio access networks (“RANs”) over one or more respective MDT channels. 
     In some embodiments, suitable sensor data may be generated (onboard) by one or more UE devices themselves. In some embodiments, suitable sensor data may be generated by one or more Internet of Things (“IoT”) sensors or one or more other external sensors, with the UE receiving such (off-board generated) sensor data from the one or more external sensors over one or more suitable wireless or wired communication links and then forwarding the sensor data to the associated radio access network (“RAN”) over the respective MDT channel. In some embodiments, one or more suitable sensors are embedded in an MDT-channel-communicative sensor device that plugs into a remote radio head (“RRH”) component of the RAN. In some embodiments, the UE may buffer the sensor data and/or defer the collection and/or transmission of the sensor data over the MDT channel during voice communication sessions and/or other operations of high layer processes. In some embodiments, the UE may add to, combine, compress, and/or otherwise process the sensor data before transmitting the sensor data and/or the processed sensor data to the RAN. 
     At the RAN, the sensor data and/or the processed sensor data may flow (through a fronthaul) from the RRH to a baseband unit (“BBU”). The BBU may be modified to use some or all of the sensor data and/or the processed sensor data locally, and/or may send (through a backhaul) some or all of the sensor data and/or the processed sensor data to a trace collection entity (“TCE”) and/or other suitable component of a core network. The core network may provide a sensing as a network service (“SAaNS”) that processes the sensor data and/or the processed sensor data and makes the sensor data and/or the processed sensor data available to one or more users of the SAaNS. 
     It should be appreciated that advantages of the disclosure include, for some embodiments, abilities to collect data from a wide array of sensors using a lower layer process of a RAN, with limited competition for higher layer process bandwidth. It should also be appreciated that additional advantages of the disclosure include, for some embodiments, constantly powered sensors (without a need for batteries in the sensors), ease of sensor deployment (with little or no additional zoning or leasing requirements), scalable sensor deployment, and/or capabilities to dynamically enable, disable, and/or reconfigure sensors. 
     As used herein, the term “communicate” and inflections thereof mean to receive and/or transmit data or information over a communication link. The communication link may include both wired and wireless links, and may comprise a direct link or may comprise multiple links passing through one or more communication networks or network devices such as, but not limited to, routers, firewalls, servers, and switches. The communication networks may comprise any type of wired or wireless network. The networks may include private networks and/or public networks such as the Internet. Additionally, in some embodiments, the term communicate may also encompass internal communication between various components of a system and/or with an external input/output device such as a keyboard or display device. Also, a “module” as referenced herein comprises one or more hardware or electrical components such as electrical circuitry, processors, and memory that may be specially configured to perform a particular function. The memory may comprise volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory that stores data such as, but not limited to, computer executable instructions, machine code, and other various forms of data. The module may be configured to use the data to execute one or more instructions to perform one or more tasks. In certain instances, a module may also refer to a particular set of functions, software instructions, or circuitry that is configured to perform a specific task. For example, a module may comprise software components such as, but not limited to, data access objects, service components, user interface components, application programming interface (“API”) components; hardware components such as electrical circuitry, processors, and memory; and/or a combination thereof. As referenced herein, computer executable instructions may be in any form including, but not limited to, machine code, assembly code, scripts, and high-level programming code written in any programming language. 
       FIG.  1    depicts a system  100  for sensing-data collection and transport according to an embodiment of the disclosure. It should be appreciated that one or more components of the system  100  may be configured to, among other things, perform one or more steps of the method  400  (see  FIG.  4   ) for sensing-data collection and transport according to an embodiment of the disclosure. It should also be appreciated that one or more components of the system  100  may be configured to, among other things, perform one or more steps of the method  500  (see  FIG.  5   ) for sensing-data collection and transport according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The illustrated system  100  includes one or more cellular-communicative user equipment devices (“UE”)  112 , a core network  116  (e.g., a mobile telephone switching office (“MTSO”)), a cell site  120 , and a backhaul  124 . The backhaul  124  communicatively couples the core network  116  to the cell site  120 . Other embodiments of the system  100  may comprise any number of the UE  112 , any number of the cell site  120 , and any number of the backhaul  124 . 
     Each of the UE  112  is configured to wirelessly communicate with the cell site  120  according to one or more of a long term evolution (“LTE”), code division multiple access (“CDMA”), global system for mobile communication (“GSM”), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (“WiMAX”) telecommunication, and/or one or more other suitable telecommunication protocols. In the illustrated system  100 , one or more of the UE  112  is also an MDT-channel-communicative sensor device, and one or more of the UE  112  is also configured to communicate with one or more other devices over a Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (“NFC”), LoRa, infrared, or other suitable wireless communication link(s). Non-limiting examples of the UE  112  include a mobile phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant (“PDA”), a wearable computer, a headset computer, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, or a notebook computer. 
     The cell site  120  is configured to, among other things, operate as a radio access network (“RAN”) between the UE  112  and the backhaul  124 . Thus, it should be appreciated that the cell site  120  and the backhaul  124  (together, in combination) communicatively couple the UE  112  to the core network  116 . In the illustrated system  100 , the cell site  120  includes a tall structure  128  and, more particularly, the structure  128  comprises a tower. The structure  128  extends upwardly and approximately vertically from a ground level  132  to a height of about 150 feet above the ground level  132 . In other embodiments, the structure  128  may comprise a mast, a building, or any other suitable support member. The cell site  120  also includes an array antenna  136 . The array antenna  136  is located atop the structure  128 . 
     The cell site  120  also includes a remote radio head (“RRH”)  140 , a radio-head-mounted sensor (“RHMS”)  200  attached to the RRH  140 , a radio-head-mounted sensor (“RHMS”)  300  attached to the RRH  140 , a baseband unit (“BBU”)  144 , and a fronthaul  148 . The fronthaul  148  communicatively couples the RRH  140  to the BBU  144 . In the illustrated system  100 , the fronthaul  148  comprises a fiber optic cable. In other embodiments, the fronthaul  148  may comprise a coaxial cable and/or other electrical wire, a wireless RF coupling, a wireless infrared coupling, and/or any other suitable communicative coupling. 
     In the illustrated system  100 , the RRH  140  is attached to the structure  128  such that the RRH  140  is located at least 100 feet above the ground level  132  and not more than 25 feet away from the array antenna  136 . The RRH  140  is configured to, among other things, receive electrical power from a 48V DC or other suitable power supply (not shown) and to operate as a digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital transceiver interface between the fronthaul  148  and the array antenna  136 . In the illustrated system  100 , the RRH  140  is configured to optically transmit and receive the digital signals to/from the BBU  144  through the fronthaul  148  according to the Common Public Radio Interface (“CPRI”) protocol. In other embodiments, the RRH  140  may be configured to optically transmit and receive the digital signals to/from the BBU  144  through the fronthaul  148  according to the Open Base Station Architecture Initiative (“OBSAI”) protocol. In other embodiments, the RRH  140  maybe configured to transmit and receive the digital signals to/from the BBU  144  through the fronthaul  148  in a wireless, electrically-wired, or other suitable manner and according to Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, LoRa, infrared, USB, RS-232, RS-422, Ethernet, or any other suitable protocol. The RRH  140  is also configured to mate with a power connector  230  of the RHMS  200  (described further below) such that the power connector  230  plugs into the RRH  140 . The RRH  140  is also configured to convey sufficient electrical power to the power connector  230  for operating the RHMS  200 . The RRH  140  is also configured to mate with a power connector  330  of the RHMS  300  (described further below) such that the power connector  330  plugs into the RRH  140 . The RRH  140  is also configured to convey sufficient electrical power to the power connector  330  for operating the RHMS  300 . 
     In the illustrated system  100 , the BBU  144  is located closer to the ground level  132  than the RRH  140 . The BBU  144  is configured to, among other things, demodulate and decode voice and data transmissions received from the core network  116  through the backhaul  124  and in turn transmit corresponding digital baseband signals to the RRH  140  through the fronthaul  148 , and is configured to modulate and encode digital baseband voice and data transmissions received from the RRH  140  through the fronthaul  148  and in turn send corresponding transmissions to the core network  116  through the backhaul  124 . In the illustrated system  100 , the BBU  144  is also configured to transmit and receive the digital signals to/from the RRH  140  through the fronthaul  148  in a like manner (optical, wireless, electrically-wired, etc.) and according to a like protocol (CPRI, OBSAI, Ethernet, etc.) as the manner and protocol, respectively, by which the RRH  140  transmits and receives digital signals to the BBU  144  through the fronthaul  148 . 
     The system  100  also includes one or more at large sensor devices (“ALS”)  152 . Each of the ALS  152  may be located practically anywhere. In some embodiments, a plurality of the ALS  152  may be disbursed over a wide geographical area. In the illustrated system  100 , each of the ALS  152  is stationary. Nevertheless, in some embodiments one or more of the ALS  152  may be self-propelled, handheld, transported on or in a vehicle, or otherwise mobile. In the illustrated system  100 , each of the ALS  152  comprises an IoT device configured to sense and/or observe one or more environmental conditions, parameters, characteristics, and/or other aspects of its surroundings and configured to transmit corresponding sensor data to one or more of the UE  112  over a Wi-Fi communication link. In other embodiments, each of the ALS  152  may comprise any other suitable device or combination of devices configured to generate such sensor data and configured to transmit the sensor data to one or more of the UE  112  over one or more Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, LoRa, infrared, and/or other suitable wireless communication link(s). 
     The system  100  also includes one or more public and/or private networks  160  (e.g., the public switched telephone network (“PSTN”), the Internet, private enterprise networks, home networks, etc.) and one or more additional communication links  164 . The one or more additional communication links  164  communicatively couple the core network  116  to the one or more public and/or private networks  160 . 
     The system  100  also includes one or more non-cellular-communicative user devices  168 . Each of the devices  168  is any type of electronic device that may be used by a user to interact with the one or more public and/or private networks  160  without necessarily doing so through the core network  116 . Non-limiting examples of the user devices  168  include plain old telephone system devices, digital subscriber line (“DSL”) telephone system devices, and internet protocol (“IP”) communicative computers and terminals. 
       FIG.  2    depicts a layout for the RHMS  200  according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The RHMS  200  is configured to, among other things, sense and/or observe one or more environmental conditions, parameters, characteristics, and/or other aspects of its surroundings, and is configured to transmit corresponding sensor data to one or more of the UE  112  over a wireless communication link. In some embodiments, the RHMS  200  may be implemented as a suitably modified IoT device. The RHMS  200  includes a housing  220 , mounting hardware  224 , the power connector  230 , a sensing module  236 , a central processing module  240 , a wireless-communication module  244 , and a suitable antenna  268 . 
     The housing  220  is configured to be securely attached to the RRH  140  (the RRH  140  is not depicted in  FIG.  2   , but see  FIG.  1   ) by the mounting hardware  224 . The housing  220  is also configured to meet or exceed National Electrical Manufacturers Association (“NEMA”) level 4 electrical enclosure standards and to meet or exceed IEEE 1613 environmental and testing requirements. The housing  220  accommodates the sensing module  236 , the central processing module  240 , and the wireless-communication module  244  such that the sensing module  236  may operably sense and/or observe one or more environmental conditions, parameters, characteristics, and/or other aspects of its surroundings. The power connector  230  is attached to the housing  220  such that power connector  230  may be operably coupled to the RRH  140  (the RRH  140  is not depicted in  FIG.  2   , but see  FIG.  1   ). More particularly, the power connector  230  is attached to the housing  220  such that power connector  230  extends from the housing  220  as a male electrical coupling member (i.e., “an electrical plug”). The antenna  268  extends from the housing  220  such that the antenna  268  may operably transmit and receive wireless-communication signals. 
     The sensing module  236  is communicatively coupled to the central processing module  240 . The sensing module  236  is configured to sense and/or observe one or more environmental conditions, parameters, characteristics, and/or other aspects of its surroundings and is configured to transmit corresponding sensor data to the central processing module  240 . The central processing module  240  is also communicatively coupled to the wireless-communication module  244 . The central processing module  240  is configured to operate as an interface between the sensing module  236  and the wireless-communication module  244 . 
     The wireless-communication module  244  is communicatively coupled to the antenna  268 . In the illustrated RHMS  200 , the wireless-communication module  244  is configured to transmit (through the antenna  268 ) the sensor data to one or more of the UE  112  over a Wi-Fi communication link. In other embodiments, the wireless-communication module  244  may be configured to transmit (through the antenna  268 ) the sensor data to one or more of the UE  112  over a Bluetooth, NFC, LoRa, infrared, and/or other suitable wireless communication link(s). 
     Additionally, the sensing module  236 , the central processing module  240 , and the wireless-communication module  244  are operably coupled to the connector  230  to receive power through the connector  230 , and are configured to operate using that power. Also, it should be appreciated that the sensing module  236 , the central processing module  240 , and the wireless-communication module  244  may be implemented using an embodiment of the computer system  600  (the computer system  600  is not depicted in  FIG.  2   , but see  FIG.  6   ). For example, in such embodiments the sensing module  236  may comprise a suitable one or more of the I/O devices  650 , the central processing module  240  may comprise a suitable one or more of the CPU  610 , the secondary storage  620 , the ROM  630 , and the RAM  640 , and the wireless-communication module  244  (in combination with the antenna  268 ) may comprise a suitable one or more of the network connectivity devices  660 . 
       FIG.  3    depicts a layout for the RHMS  300  according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The RHMS  300  is an MDT-channel-communicative sensor device that includes a housing  320 , mounting hardware  324 , the power connector  330 , a sensing module  336 , a central processing module  340 , a cellular-RF-communication module  344 , and a suitable antenna  368 . 
     The housing  320  is configured to be securely attached to the RRH  140  (the RRH  140  is not depicted in  FIG.  2   , but see  FIG.  1   ) by the mounting hardware  324 . The housing  320  is also configured to meet or exceed National Electrical Manufacturers Association (“NEMA”) level 4 electrical enclosure standards and to meet or exceed IEEE 1613 environmental and testing requirements. The housing  320  accommodates the sensing module  336 , the central processing module  340 , and the cellular-RF-communication module  344  such that the sensing module  336  may operably sense and/or observe one or more environmental conditions, parameters, characteristics, and/or other aspects of its surroundings. The power connector  330  is attached to the housing  320  such that power connector  330  may be operably coupled to the RRH  140  (the RRH  140  is not depicted in  FIG.  2   , but see  FIG.  1   ). More particularly, the power connector  330  is attached to the housing  320  such that power connector  330  extends from the housing  320  as a male electrical coupling member (i.e., “an electrical plug”). The antenna  368  extends from the housing  320  such that the antenna  368  may operably transmit and receive cellular-RF-communication signals. 
     The sensing module  336  is communicatively coupled to the central processing module  340 . The sensing module  336  is configured to sense and/or observe one or more environmental conditions, parameters, characteristics, and/or other aspects of its surroundings and is configured to transmit corresponding sensor data to the central processing module  340 . The central processing module  340  is also communicatively coupled to the cellular-RF-communication module  344 . The central processing module  340  is configured to operate as an interface between the sensing module  336  and the cellular-RF-communication module  344 . 
     The cellular-RF-communication module  344  is communicatively coupled to the antenna  368 . In the illustrated RHMS  300 , the cellular-RF-communication module  344  is configured to transmit (through the antenna  368 ) the sensor data to the array antenna  136  (the array antenna  136  is not shown in  FIG.  3   , but see  FIG.  1   ) over an MDT channel, and is configured to otherwise transmit and receive signals (through the antenna  368 ) to/from the array antenna  136  over an MDT channel according to one or more of a long term evolution (“LTE”), code division multiple access (“CDMA”), global system for mobile communication (“GSM”), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (“WiMAX”) telecommunication, and/or one or more other suitable telecommunication protocols. 
     Additionally, the sensing module  336 , the central processing module  340 , and the RF-communication module  344  are operably coupled to the connector  330  to receive power through the connector  330 , and are configured to operate using that power. Also, it should also be appreciated that the sensing module  336 , the central processing module  340 , and the RF-communication module  344  may be implemented using an embodiment of the computer system  600  (the computer system  600  is not depicted in  FIG.  2   , but see  FIG.  6   ). For example, in such embodiments the sensing module  336  may comprise a suitable one or more of the I/O devices  650 , the central processing module  340  may comprise a suitable one or more of the CPU  610 , the secondary storage  620 , the ROM  630 , and the RAM  640 , and the RF-communication module  344  (in combination with the antenna  368 ) may comprise a suitable one or more of the network connectivity devices  660 . 
       FIG.  4    is a flow chart of a method  400  for sensing-data collection and transport according to an embodiment of the disclosure. In some instances, the method  400  may be performed by the system  100  (see  FIG.  1   ). Accordingly, the following description of the method  400  is made with reference to operations and components of the system  100 . Nevertheless, it should be appreciated that the method  400  and/or any one or more of the particular steps of the method  400  may be performed by any other suitable device or system. 
     At step  420 , the method  400  generates MDT configuration and/or control signals. For example, when using the system  100 , in one instance the core network  116  and/or the BBU  144  may generate MDT configuration and/or control signals for directing the RHMS  300  or one of the UE  112  equipped with a CH4 concentration sensor to (as an Immediate MDT mode measurement) immediately sense and report the CH4 concentration of air around that UE  112 . Such CH4 concentration data might be desirable, for example, when the core network  116  is informed or otherwise determines that an earthquake and/or a natural gas pipeline rupture has occurred in the vicinity of the cell site  120 . In another instance, for example, the core network  116  and/or the BBU  144  may generate MDT configuration and/or control signals for directing the RHMS  300  or one of the UE  112  equipped with an O 3  concentration level sensor to (as a Logged MDT mode measurement) sense the O 3  concentration of air around that UE  112  and to store the O 3  data for later reporting. After step  420 , the method  400  proceeds to step  430  (described further below). 
     At step  430 , the method  400  transmits the MDT configuration and/or control signals (generated at step  420 ) to an MDT-channel-communicative sensor device (and the method  400  receives the MDT configuration and/or control signals into the MDT-channel-communicative sensor device). For example, when using the system  100 , the cell site  120  may transmit the MDT configuration and/or control signals to a suitable one of the RHMS  300  or UE  112  (which may receive the signals). After step  430 , the method  400  proceeds to step  440  (described further below). 
     At step  440 , the method  400  generates, at least in part in response to the MDT configuration and/or control signals (transmitted and received at step  430 ), sensor data using an onboard sensor of the MDT-channel-communicative sensor device. For example, when using the system  100 , one of the RHMS  300  or UE  112  that is equipped with an onboard CH4 concentration sensor and that has received MDT configuration and/or control signals directing that one of the RHMS  300  or UE  112  to immediately sense and report the CH4 concentration of air around that UE  112  may immediately generate CH4 data using the onboard CH4 concentration sensor. In another instance, for example, one of the RHMS  300  or UE  112  that is equipped with an onboard temperature sensor and that has received MDT configuration and/or control signals directing that one of the RHMS  300  or UE  112  to sense the temperature around that UE  112  and to store the temperature data for later reporting may generate temperature data using the onboard temperature sensor and may store the temperature data for later reporting. After step  440 , the method  400  proceeds to step  450  (described further below). 
     At step  450 , the method  400  transmits the sensor data (generated at step  440 ) from the MDT-channel-communicative sensor device to a RAN over an MDT channel (and the method  400  receives the sensor data into the RAN over the MDT channel). For example, when using the system  100 , one of the RHMS  300  or UE  112  that has generated the sensor data may transmit (over an MDT channel) the sensor data to the cell site  120  (which may receive the sensor data over the MDT channel). After step  450 , the method  400  proceeds to step  460  (described further below). 
     At step  460 , the method  400  transmits the sensor data and/or processed sensor data from the RAN to a core network over the MDT channel (and the method  400  receives the sensor data and/or the processed sensor data into the core network over the MDT channel). For example, when using the system  100 , BBU  144  may transmit (over the MDT channel) the sensor data and/or processed sensor data to a TCE and/or one or more other suitable components of the core network  116  (which may receive the data over the MDT channel). After step  460 , the method  400  proceeds to step  470  (described further below). 
     At step  470 , the method  400  communicates the sensor data and/or processed sensor data to one or more users. For example, when using the system  100 , a TCE and/or one or more other suitable components of the core network  116  may transmit the sensor data and/or processed sensor data to the one or more public and/or private networks  160 , which in turn may transmit the sensor data and/or processed sensor data to the one or more user devices  168 , which in turn may display the sensor data and/or processed sensor data to one or more users (and/or otherwise inform one or more users of the sensor data). In another instance, for example, the core network  116  may transmit the sensor data and/or processed sensor data to the cell site  120 , which may in turn transmit the sensor data and/or processed sensor to one or more of the UE  112 , which in turn may display the sensor data and/or processed sensor data to one or more users (and/or otherwise inform one or more users of the sensor data). 
       FIG.  5    is a flow chart of a method  500  for sensing-data collection and transport according to an embodiment of the disclosure. In some instances, the method  500  may be performed by the system  100  (see  FIG.  1   ). Accordingly, the following description of the method  500  is made with reference to operations and components of the system  100 . Nevertheless, it should be appreciated that the method  500  and/or any one or more of the particular steps of the method  500  may be performed by any other suitable device or system. 
     At step  520 , the method  500  generates MDT configuration and/or control signals in a like manner as step  420  of the method  400  (described above). After step  520 , the method  500  proceeds to step  530  (described further below). 
     At step  530 , the method  500  transmits the MDT configuration and/or control signals (generated at step  520 ) to a UE device (and the method  500  receives the MDT configuration and/or control signals into the UE device) in a like manner as step  430  of the method  400  (described above). After step  530 , the method  500  proceeds to step  540  (described further below). 
     At step  540 , the method  500  generates sensor data using a sensor device configured to transmit the sensor data to the UE device over one or more Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, LoRa, infrared, and/or other suitable wireless communication link(s). For example, when using the system  100 , one of the ALS  152  or the RHMS  200  generates sensor data. After step  540 , the method  500  proceeds to step  544  (described further below). 
     At step  544 , the method  500  transmits the sensor data (generated at step  540 ) from the sensor device to the UE device over one or more Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, LoRa, infrared, and/or other suitable wireless communication link(s) (and the method  500  receives the sensor data into the UE device). For example, when using the system  100 , one of the ALS  152  or the RHMS  200  that generates the sensor data also transmits the sensor data to the one of the UE  112  over one or more Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, LoRa, infrared, and/or other suitable wireless communication link(s). After step  544 , the method  500  proceeds to step  550  (described further below). 
     At step  546 , the method  500  adds to, combines, compresses, and/or otherwise processes the sensor data (generated at step  540  and transmitted to the UE device at step  544 ) in the UE device. For example, when using the system  100 , the one of the UE  112  may combine sensor data from a plurality of sensors into average data and then discard the individual data, thereby effectively reducing the overall volume or amount of data for (ultimate) transport over the MDT channel, or the UE  112  may apply one or more mathematical formulas, algorithms, and/or other transformations to processes one or more types of data into other data (e.g., temperature data and humidity data may be combined to generate dew point data), or the UE  112  may add geographic, temporal, and/or other data generated by the UE  112  to the sensor data, and/or the UE  112  may apply data compression techniques to compress the sensor data and/or the processed sensor data, thereby effectively reducing the overall volume or amount of data for (ultimate) transport over the MDT channel. After step  546 , the method  500  proceeds to step  548  (described further below). 
     At step  548 , the method  500  buffers the sensor data and/or processed sensor data during “high-traffic” times (e.g., during voice communication sessions and/or other relatively high layer processes), thereby reducing (or, in some embodiments, completely avoiding) layer  7  transmissions of the sensor data and/or the processed sensor data over the MDT channel, so as to mitigate consumption of bandwidth desired for supporting the higher priority operations. For example, when using the system  100 , when the one of the UE  112  determines that it is indeed operating during a high-traffic time, then the method  500  does not proceed, but when the UE  112  determines that it is not operating during a high-traffic time, then the method  500  does proceed. After step  548 , the method  500  proceeds to step  550  (described further below). 
     At step  550 , the method  500  transmits the sensor data and/or processed sensor data from the UE device to a RAN over an MDT channel (and the method  500  receives the sensor data into the RAN over the MDT channel) in a like manner as step  450  of the method  400  (described above). After step  550 , the method  500  proceeds to step  560  (described further below). 
     At step  560 , the method  500  transmits the sensor data and/or processed sensor data from the RAN to a core network over the MDT channel (and the method  500  receives the sensor data and/or the processed sensor data into the core network over the MDT channel) in a like manner as step  460  of the method  400  (described above). After step  560 , the method  500  proceeds to step  570  (described further below). 
     At step  570 , the method  500  communicates the sensor data and/or processed sensor data to one or more users in a like manner as step  470  of the method  400  (described above). 
       FIG.  6    is a block diagram of a computer system  600  suitable for implementing one or more embodiments disclosed herein. The computer system  600  includes a processor  610  (which may be referred to as a “central processor unit,” “central processing unit,” or “CPU”) that is in communication with memory devices including secondary storage  620 , read only memory (“ROM”)  630 , random access memory (“RAM”)  640 , input/output (“I/O”) devices  650 , and network connectivity devices  660 . The processor  610  may be implemented as one or more integrated circuit (“IC”) chips. It is understood that by programming and/or loading executable instructions onto the computer system  600 , at least one of the CPU  610 , the RAM  640 , and the ROM  630  are changed, transforming the computer system  600  in part into a particular machine or apparatus having the novel functionality taught by the present disclosure. It is fundamental to the electrical engineering and software engineering arts that functionality that can be implemented by loading executable software into a computer can be converted to a hardware implementation by well-known design rules. Decisions between implementing a concept in software versus hardware typically hinge on considerations of stability of the design and numbers of units to be produced rather than any issues involved in translating from the software domain to the hardware domain. Generally, a design that is still subject to frequent change may be preferred to be implemented in software, because re-spinning a hardware implementation is more expensive than re-spinning a software design. Generally, a design that is stable that will be produced in large volume may be preferred to be implemented in hardware, for example in an application specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”), because for large production runs the hardware implementation may be less expensive than the software implementation. Often a design may be developed and tested in a software form and later transformed, by well-known design rules, to an equivalent hardware implementation in an application specific integrated circuit that hardwires the instructions of the software. In the same manner as a machine controlled by a new ASIC is a particular machine or apparatus, likewise a computer that has been programmed and/or loaded with executable instructions may be viewed as a particular machine or apparatus. 
     Additionally, after the computer system  600  is turned on or booted, the CPU  610  may execute a computer program or application. For example, the CPU  610  may execute software or firmware stored in the ROM  630  or stored in the RAM  640 . In some cases, on boot and/or when the application is initiated, the CPU  610  may copy the application or portions of the application from the secondary storage  620  to the RAM  640  or to memory space within the CPU  610  itself, and the CPU  610  may then execute instructions that the application is comprised of. In some cases, the CPU  610  may copy the application or portions of the application from memory accessed via the network connectivity devices  660  or via the I/O devices  650  to the RAM  640  or to memory space within the CPU  610 , and the CPU  610  may then execute instructions that the application is comprised of. During execution, an application may load instructions into the CPU  610 , for example load some of the instructions of the application into a cache of the CPU  610 . In some contexts, an application that is executed may be said to configure the CPU  610  to do something, e.g., to configure the CPU  610  to perform the function or functions promoted by the subject application. When the CPU  610  is configured in this way by the application, the CPU  610  becomes a specific purpose computer or a specific purpose machine. 
     The secondary storage  620  is typically comprised of one or more disk drives or tape drives and is used for non-volatile storage of data and as an over-flow data storage device if RAM  640  is not large enough to hold all working data. Secondary storage  620  may be used to store programs which are loaded into RAM  640  when such programs are selected for execution. The ROM  630  is used to store instructions and perhaps data which are read during program execution. ROM  630  is a non-volatile memory device which typically has a small memory capacity relative to the larger memory capacity of secondary storage  620 . The RAM  640  is used to store volatile data and perhaps to store instructions. Access to both ROM  630  and RAM  640  is typically faster than to secondary storage  620 . The secondary storage  620 , the RAM  640 , and/or the ROM  630  may be referred to in some contexts as computer readable storage media and/or non-transitory computer readable media. 
     The I/O devices  650  may include digital sensors, printers, video monitors, liquid crystal displays (“LCDs”), touch screen displays, keyboards, keypads, switches, dials, mice, track balls, voice recognizers, card readers, paper tape readers, and/or other well-known input devices and/or other well-known output devices. Non-limiting examples of digital sensors include those marketed by Sensirion Inc., 11 East Adams, Suite 220, Chicago, Ill. 60603, at www.sensirion.com (a copy of this web page has been archived on the Wayback Machine, https://web.archive.org/), and RF Explorer 3G+ IoT modules (manufactured by Seeed Technology Co., Ltd) marketed by Digi-Key Electronics at https://www.digikey.com/catalog/en/partgroup/rf-explorer-3g-iot-shield-for-arduino/65956?mpart=114990813&amp;vendor=1597 (a copy of this web page has been archived on the Wayback Machine, https://web.archive.org/). 
     The network connectivity devices  660  may take the form of modems, modem banks, Ethernet cards, universal serial bus (“USB”) interface cards, serial interfaces, token ring cards, fiber distributed data interface (“FDDI”) cards, wireless local area network (“WLAN”) cards, radio transceiver cards that promote radio communication using protocols such as code division multiple access (“CDMA”), global system for mobile communication (“GSM”), long-term evolution (“LTE”), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (“WiMAX”), near field communication (“NFC”), radio frequency identity (“RFID), and/or other air interface protocol radio transceiver cards, and other well-known network devices. These network connectivity devices  660  may enable the processor  610  to communicate with the Internet or one or more intranets. With such a network connection, it is contemplated that the processor  610  might receive information from the network, or might output information to the network in the course of performing the method steps described herein. Such information, which is often represented as a sequence of instructions to be executed using processor  610 , may be received from and outputted to the network, for example, in the form of a computer data signal embodied in a carrier wave. 
     Such information, which may include data or instructions to be executed using processor  610  for example, may be received from and outputted to the network, for example, in the form of a computer data baseband signal or signal embodied in a carrier wave. The baseband signal or signal embedded in the carrier wave, or other types of signals currently used or hereafter developed, may be generated according to several methods well-known to one skilled in the art. The baseband signal and/or signal embedded in the carrier wave may be referred to in some contexts as a transitory signal. 
     The processor  610  executes instructions, codes, computer programs, scripts which it accesses from hard disk, floppy disk, optical disk (these various disk based systems may all be considered secondary storage  620 ), flash drive, ROM  630 , RAM  640 , or the network connectivity devices  660 . While only one processor  610  is shown, multiple processors may be present. Thus, while instructions may be discussed as executed by a processor, the instructions may be executed simultaneously, serially, or otherwise executed by one or multiple processors. Instructions, codes, computer programs, scripts, and/or data that may be accessed from the secondary storage  620 , for example, hard drives, floppy disks, optical disks, and/or other device, the ROM  630 , and/or the RAM  640  may be referred to in some contexts as non-transitory instructions and/or non-transitory information. 
     In an embodiment, the computer system  600  may comprise two or more computers in communication with each other that collaborate to perform a task. For example, but not by way of limitation, an application may be partitioned in such a way as to permit concurrent and/or parallel processing of the instructions of the application. Alternatively, the data processed by the application may be partitioned in such a way as to permit concurrent and/or parallel processing of different portions of a data set by the two or more computers. In an embodiment, virtualization software may be employed by the computer system  600  to provide the functionality of a number of servers that is not directly bound to the number of computers in the computer system  600 . For example, virtualization software may provide twenty virtual servers on four physical computers. In an embodiment, the functionality disclosed herein may be provided by executing the application and/or applications in a cloud computing environment. Cloud computing may comprise providing computing services via a network connection using dynamically scalable computing resources. Cloud computing may be supported, at least in part, by virtualization software. A cloud computing environment may be established by an enterprise and/or may be hired on an as-needed basis from a third party provider. Some cloud computing environments may comprise cloud computing resources owned and operated by the enterprise as well as cloud computing resources hired and/or leased from a third party provider. 
     In an embodiment, some or all of the functionality disclosed herein may be provided as a computer program product. The computer program product may comprise one or more computer readable storage medium having computer usable program code embodied therein to implement the functionality disclosed herein. The computer program product may comprise data structures, executable instructions, and other computer usable program code. The computer program product may be embodied in removable computer storage media and/or non-removable computer storage media. The removable computer readable storage medium may comprise, without limitation, a paper tape, a magnetic tape, magnetic disk, an optical disk, a solid state memory chip, for example analog magnetic tape, compact disk read only memory (“CD-ROM) disks, floppy disks, jump drives, digital cards, multimedia cards, and others. The computer program product may be suitable for loading, by the computer system  600 , at least portions of the contents of the computer program product to the secondary storage  620 , to the ROM  630 , to the RAM  640 , and/or to other non-volatile memory and volatile memory of the computer system  600 . The processor  610  may process the executable instructions and/or data structures in part by directly accessing the computer program product, for example by reading from a CD-ROM disk inserted into a disk drive peripheral of the computer system  600 . Alternatively, the processor  610  may process the executable instructions and/or data structures by remotely accessing the computer program product, for example by downloading the executable instructions and/or data structures from a remote server through the network connectivity devices  660 . The computer program product may comprise instructions that promote the loading and/or copying of data, data structures, files, and/or executable instructions to the secondary storage  620 , to the ROM  630 , to the RAM  640 , and/or to other non-volatile memory and volatile memory of the computer system  600 . 
     In some contexts, the secondary storage  620 , the ROM  630 , and the RAM  640  may be referred to as a non-transitory computer readable medium or a computer readable storage media. A dynamic RAM embodiment of the RAM  640 , likewise, may be referred to as a non-transitory computer readable medium in that while the dynamic RAM receives electrical power and is operated in accordance with its design, for example during a period of time during which the computer system  600  is turned on and operational, the dynamic RAM stores information that is written to it. Similarly, the processor  610  may comprise an internal RAM, an internal ROM, a cache memory, and/or other internal non-transitory storage blocks, sections, or components that may be referred to in some contexts as non-transitory computer readable media or computer readable storage media. 
     While several embodiments have been provided in the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods may be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. The present examples are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the intention is not to be limited to the details given herein. For example, the various elements or components may be combined or integrated in another system or certain features may be omitted or not implemented. 
     Also, techniques, systems, subsystems, and methods described and illustrated in the various embodiments as discrete or separate may be combined or integrated with other systems, modules, techniques, or methods without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Other items shown or discussed as directly coupled or communicating with each other may be indirectly coupled or communicating through some interface, device, or intermediate component, whether electrically, mechanically, or otherwise. Other examples of changes, substitutions, and alterations are ascertainable by one skilled in the art and could be made without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein.