Patent Publication Number: US-9415611-B2

Title: Platen incorporating an RFID coupling device

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     Embodiments of the present invention relate to printers and, more particularly, to printers including platens that incorporate electromagnetic couplers for coupling to radio frequency identification transponders. 
     2. Background Information 
     Radio frequency identification (RFID) transponders or tags, either active or passive, are typically used with an RFID interrogator or similar device for communicating information back and forth. In operation, the interrogator exposes the transponder to a radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field or signal. In the case of a passive ultrahigh frequency (UHF) transponder, the RF electromagnetic field energizes the transponder and thereby prompts the transponder to respond to the transceiver by re-radiating the received signal back and modulating the field in a well-known technique called “backscattering.” In the case of a passive high frequency (HF) transponder, the transponder modulates the impedance of an antenna to which it is magnetically coupled in order to send data back to an interrogator. In the case of an active transponder, the transponder may respond to the electromagnetic field by transmitting an independently generated and powered reply signal to the transceiver. 
     Problems can occur when interrogating multiple adjacent transponders, regardless of whether the transponders are powered by an on-board direct current (DC) power supply or by a RF field generated by a separate RFID interrogator. For example, an interrogating electromagnetic signal may activate more than one transponder at a given time. This simultaneous activation of multiple transponders may lead to communication (i.e., read and write) errors because each of the multiple transponders may attempt communication with the transceiver at the same time. Such communication interferences are known as “collisions.” 
     Several collision management techniques commercially exist for allowing near simultaneous communication of a single interrogator with multiple transponders while reducing communication errors. However, such collision management techniques tend to increase system complexity and cost, and may also result in delayed response. Furthermore, such techniques are often “blind” in that they cannot locate a given transponder or more specifically recognize the position of a transponder within the interrogating RF electromagnetic field. 
     Another method of preventing the activation of multiple transponders is to electromagnetically isolate transponders from one another. For example, devices or systems may employ an RF-shielded housing or anechoic chamber for shielding the adjacent and non-targeted transponders from the electromagnetic field. In various applications, transponders individually pass though a shielded housing for individualized exposure to an interrogating RF electromagnetic field. Unfortunately, RF-shielded housings add cost and complexity to a system and limit the type (e.g., size) of transponders that can be processed by the system. Furthermore, many systems in which RFID tag interrogation might be employed are limited with regard to space or weight and, thus, cannot accommodate such shielded housings. 
     The challenge of avoiding multiple transponder activation may be especially acute in the case of RFID printer-encoders. RFID printer-encoders are devices capable of encoding and printing on a series or stream of labels having respective embedded transponders. The close proximity of the transponders to each other during processing makes targeting a particular transponder for encoding purposes problematic. Moreover, the space, cost, and weight restrictions associated with such devices, among other factors, make collision management techniques or shielding components for alleviating multiple transponder activation less than desirable. Further, “blind” collisions management techniques could lead to uncorrelated printing and data encoding for a given RF label. 
     In light of the foregoing it would be desirable to provide a RFID system or device capable of interrogating individual transponders positioned among multiple adjacent transponders without the need for collision management techniques or shielding components. It would be further desirable for such a RFID system to designate, with some degree of certainty, a specific transponder to be interrogated among multiple adjacent transponders, and to be capable of encoding a transponder positioned at or very close to a printline. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     In one aspect, a media processing apparatus is provided that includes a media processing component, such as a printhead, and an opposing member configured to manipulate media for processing by the media processing component. The opposing member can be, for example, a nip roller, a platen, or other conveyance system adapted to position the media within the media processing apparatus. In some embodiments, the opposing member is positioned opposite to the media processing component. The opposing member and the media processing component may define a processing area between their relative positions. In some embodiments, the processing area includes not only the exact location at which processing may take place, but also some finite area surrounding the exact processing location. In other cases, the processing area may be confined to the exact location at which processing is taking place, which in the case where the media processing component is a printhead may be a single printline. 
     In various embodiments of the invention, an RFID coupling device, such as an interrogator, is associated with the opposing member. The interrogator includes an electromagnetic coupler, such as an antenna, and a transceiver or “reader.” Generally, an electromagnetic coupler refers to a component or set of components configured to effectively transmit and/or receive electromagnetic waves and/or interact with electric currents or magnetic fields to allow the transfer of data (couplers executing these latter two functions might be terms “electric couplers” and “magnetic couplers,” respectively). Such components may be formed of conductive materials, dielectrics, and/or magnetic materials, depending on the application. The transceiver can include components for generating electromagnetic waves emitted from the electromagnetic coupler and/or components for processing signals received from the electromagnetic coupler following the interaction of the electromagnetic coupler with an electromagnetic wave. 
     Also, for the purposes of this disclosure, “RF coupling” is defined as a means of contactless energy exchange between two (or more) RF devices/circuits being magnetically, electrically, or electromagnetically linked in their mutual reactive or/and radiating near-fields. An “RF electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic coupler” is understood to be an RF device/circuit that, when supplied by RF electric energy, causes RF near-field energy to be generated in the external field-generating devices/circuits, and/or when placed in a near-field associated with external field-generating devices/circuits, converts this RF field energy to an RF electric energy. An “RFID electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic coupler” is defined as an RF device/circuit that provides a (typically) bi-directional energy exchange between an RFID transceiver (i.e., a “reader”) and RFID transponders in close proximity to each other (i.e., positioned so as to facilitate “near-field communications). 
     The media apparatus may be configured to communicate with a plurality of communication elements, such as RFID tags, transponders, inlays, and the like, that are included in/on or otherwise associated with media being manipulated by the opposing member. In such embodiments, the interrogator may be structured or configured for communicating with communication elements disposed in the processing area while avoiding communication with communication elements disposed outside the processing area. 
     In some embodiments, the interrogator and the media processing component can be in communication with a control system that is configured to correlate a media processing operation of the media processing component with a signal emitted by and/or received by the electromagnetic coupler. In another embodiment, the processing area may be substantially coincident with a communication area established at least in part by the interrogator. The communication area refers to the area within which the interrogator can effectively communicate with other devices (i.e., can effectively transmit signals to devices located within the communication area and/or can effectively receive signals from devices located within the communication area). The dimensions of the communication area may be affected by aspects of the interrogator, such as the structure and geometry of the electromagnetic coupler and the amount of power supplied thereto, and also by aspects of the respective communication element with which the interrogator is communicating (e.g., the size, shape, structure, orientation with respect to the interrogator, etc.) and aspects of the surrounding environment. Overall, the dimensions of the communication area will depend on the specific communication taking place between the interrogator and a respective communication element (a “communication event”), and may change from one communication event to another. The control system may, in some cases, be at least partially integrated with or otherwise include the functionality of the interrogator. 
     In another aspect, a printer is provided that includes a printhead and an opposing platen. The platen and printhead together can define a print area therebetween for receiving media for printing by the printhead. An interrogator, including a transceiver and an electromagnetic coupler, can be associated with the platen. The electromagnetic coupler can be, for example, an edge-firing planar stripline antenna (e.g., for communications in the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band) or an edge-coupling magnetic antenna (e.g., for communications in the high frequency (HF) band). In some embodiments, the interrogator can be coupled to the platen so as to cause the electromagnetic coupler to be perpendicular to media disposed for printing by the printhead. The media can include a plurality of communication elements and the interrogator can be configured to communicate with communication elements disposed in the print area while avoiding communication with communication elements disposed outside the print area. The platen can be at least partially formed of a material that is substantially transparent to electromagnetic radiation and/or magnetic waves with frequencies in the radio wave spectrum. 
     In yet another aspect, a printer is provided that includes a printhead and a conveyance system for manipulating media. The conveyance system can include a nip roller disposed opposite the printhead, such that the nip roller and printhead together define a print area therebetween for receiving media for printing by the printhead. An interrogator can be associated with the nip roller and can be configured to communicate with one or more of a plurality of communication elements included in the media and disposed in the print area while avoiding communication with one or more of the communication elements included in the media and disposed outside the print area. 
     In still another aspect, a platen for a printer is provided. The platen includes a platen body configured to be disposed opposite a printhead so as to define, with the printhead, a print area for receiving media for printing by the printhead. An interrogator can be associated with the platen body and configured to communicate with one or more communication elements disposed in the print area while avoiding communication with one or more communication elements disposed outside the print area. In some embodiments, the platen body can define a bore and the electromagnetic coupler can be disposed within the bore. 
     In yet another aspect, a method for processing media is provided that includes manipulating media into a processing area of a media processing apparatus, such that a portion of the media having a communication element is disposed for processing by the media processing apparatus. While the media is in the processing area, communications are undertaken with the communication element and the portion is processed with the media processing apparatus. In some embodiments, the media is manipulated out of the processing area after processing the portion with the media processing apparatus, and a distinct body of media is retrieved for processing by the media processing apparatus. In other embodiments, the communicating with the communication element includes at least one of receiving or transmitting a signal, and a processing operation of the media processing apparatus can be correlated with at least one of the transmitted or received signal. In still other embodiments, the communicating with the communication element includes interrogating a communication element; and the processing the portion with the media processing apparatus includes printing on the portion. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING(S) 
       Having thus described the invention in general terms, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein: 
         FIGS. 1A and 1B  are schematic perspective views of a printer with the printhead in closed and open positions, respectively, the printer being configured in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic partial perspective view of the printer of  FIGS. 1A and 1B , the printer retaining and manipulating print media between an associated printhead and platen; 
         FIGS. 3A and 3B  are schematic perspective and exploded views, respectively, of the platen of  FIG. 2 , showing the interrogator associated with the platen; 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic side view of the printhead, platen, and print media of  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIGS. 5A and 5B  are magnified schematic side views of a printhead, platen, and print media therebetween, an interrogator being associated with the platen and the print media including one or more communication elements; 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic perspective view of a printhead, a platen, and an interrogator, the interrogator being in communication with a control system and the printhead being connected to the control system; 
         FIGS. 7A and 7B  are block diagrams schematically representing the operation of a printer configured in accordance with an exemplary embodiment in which the interrogator performs receiving activity; 
         FIGS. 8A and 8B  are block diagrams schematically representing the operation of a printer configured in accordance with another exemplary embodiment in which the interrogator performs transmitting activity; 
         FIGS. 9A and 9B  are partial schematic perspective views of media processing apparatuses configured in accordance with further exemplary embodiments and including variously arranged conveyance systems; 
         FIGS. 10A and 10B  are partial schematic perspective and side views of a milling machine configured in accordance with another exemplary embodiment, the milling machine including an electromagnetic coupler; and 
         FIGS. 11A and 11B  are partial schematic perspective views of printers configured to operate in accordance with exemplary embodiments, the printers including electromagnetic couplers configured for HF and UHF communications environments, respectively. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The present inventions now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the inventions are shown. Indeed, these inventions may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal requirements. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1A and 1B , therein are shown views of a media processing apparatus configured in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. In this case, the depicted media processing apparatus is a printer  100 , although in other embodiments, the media processing apparatus may be any device capable of receiving and processing/modifying media, including, for example, a copier, a label machine, a fax machine, a drill, milling machine, lathe, or some other cutting or engraving device, an automatic painting machine, a stamp or press, a printer-encoder, and the like. The media processing apparatus may also include any of a variety of printers, including card printers, label printers, ticket printers, baggage claim tag printers, and wristband printers. Generally, for the purposes of this disclosure, the term “media” includes any entity or set of entities that is capable of carrying information, such as, for example, paper, cards, labels, ribbons, intermediate transfer media, etc. The printer  100  includes a media processing component, which in the depicted embodiment includes a printhead  102 . In other embodiments, the media processing component may include, for example, a transfer roller, a spray nozzle, a tear bar, a stamp head, a drill bit, etc. 
     An opposing member, which in the depicted embodiment is a driven or roller platen  104 , is positioned so as to oppose the printhead  102 . Generally, for the purposes of this disclosure, the term “opposing member” includes any body that is capable of supporting media, such as, for example, a platen, a nip roller, a conveyance system, etc. The opposing member  104  and media processing component  102  can define a processing area p therebetween ( FIG. 5A ), which is discussed further below. The platen  104  may be supported by a support arm  106  that locates the platen with respect to a chassis  108  of the printer  100 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , the platen  104  can be configured to retain and/or manipulate media for processing (e.g., printing) by the printhead  102 . Specifically, the platen  104  may be configured to manipulate the print media, in the illustrated case labels  110 , to translate relative to the printhead  102  and move into a processing position p (i.e., the position in which media may be processed by the media processing apparatus), in order to allow processing of the media (or a portion thereof) through a media processing operation (i.e., in this case, a printing operation). For example, the platen  104  may be cylindrical and may include a surface  112  having a high coefficient of friction, perhaps formed from silicone rubber, that supports the labels  110  and rotates around an axis a. A drive mechanism (not shown), such as a motor or other actuator, can be included in the printer  100  so as to drive rotation of the platen  104  about the axis a and thereby move the print media relative to the printhead  102 . The processing area p will tend to depend on the structure of the printhead  102 , and in some cases will be limited to a single elongated area of high aspect ratio called the “print line.” 
     Referring to  FIGS. 2, 3A, 3B, and 4 , an interrogator  113  can be associated with the platen  104 . The interrogator  113  can include an electromagnetic coupler  114 , such as an antenna, and a transceiver  115 . The interrogator  113  can be associated with the platen  104 , for example, by integrating the electromagnetic coupler  114  (and, perhaps, the transceiver  115 ) with the platen, by disposing the electromagnetic coupler within the platen, by attaching the electromagnetic coupler to the platen, etc. In one embodiment, the platen  104  can define a bore  116  within which the electromagnetic coupler  114  is disposed. In some embodiments, the platen  104  may include an elongated portion, such as a cylindrical portion  118 , that defines an axis a′, and the bore  116  may extend along the axis a′. It is noted that, generally, the electromagnetic coupler  114  can be placed in relatively close proximity to the media  110  being printed on by the printhead  102 . 
     In some embodiments, in order to limit the extent to which the platen  104  may interfere of with the ability of the electromagnetic coupler  114  to emit or receive electromagnetic signals and thereby facilitate the interaction of the electromagnetic coupler with specific types of electromagnetic radiation, the platen  104  may be at least partially formed of a material that is substantially transparent to electromagnetic radiation and/or magnetic waves in a targeted part of the electromagnetic spectrum. For example, in the case where the targeted radiation/magnetic waves are radio waves, the platen  104  can be formed of glass or polypropylene material. In other embodiments, the platen  104  may be comprised of metal, polymers, dielectrics, and/or semiconductors. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 4 and 5A -B, by associating the interrogator  113  with the platen  104 , some embodiments may allow for the electromagnetic coupler  114  to interact with communication elements  120 , such as those that may be located in/on or otherwise associated with a portion of the media  110 . Generally, for the purposes of this disclosure, the term “communication element” includes any electromagnetic radiation-emitting, radiation-detecting, and/or radiation-activated device, such as, for example, radio frequency identification (RFID) transponders or tags, electronic article surveillance tags, microwave tags, inlays, etc. The interrogator  113  may at least in part define a communication area c, the spatial extent of which will, as discussed above, depend on a variety of factors and vary from one communication event to another. 
     As mentioned above, the opposing member or platen  104  and media processing component or printhead  102  can define a processing area p therebetween. In some cases, the media  110  may include a plurality of communication elements  120   a - c . The interrogator  113  can be configured to communicate, via the electromagnetic coupler  114 , with communication element  120   b  disposed within the processing area p, while at the same time avoiding communication with communication elements  120   a ,  120   c  disposed outside of the processing area p. That is, the electromagnetic coupler  114  and transceiver  115  can be configured (by taking all of the appropriate factors into consideration) such that the associated communication area c may substantially coincide with the processing area p. It is noted that, in cases where the communication area c is substantially coincident with the processing area p, communication could readily occur with communication elements contained in a portion of media that is being processed. Further, in some embodiments, communication between the interrogator  113  and the communication elements  120  associated with a portion of media may occur substantially simultaneously with processing (e.g., printing, etc.) of the same portion of media. 
     It is noted that some embodiments may allow for individual communication with and/or encoding of communication elements that are provided serially and with a relatively small pitch. This may be true even in extreme cases where adjacent communication elements have a pitch roughly equal to the dimensions of the communication elements, as, for example, where the communication elements are RFID transponders situated in respective labels provided in a strip and having dimensions equal to transponders dimensions and are following one after another (a situation referred to as “Print on Pitch”). As such, some embodiments may enable sequential printing and encoding the RFID tags associated with adjacent labels without additional spacing requirements, shielding requirements, and/or collision management techniques, thereby potential enabling the utilization of labels with the shortest possible dimensions relative to the transponders contained therein. 
     The electromagnetic coupler  114  may include an edge-coupling magnetic antenna and/or an edge-firing planar stripline antenna, and may be configured so as to be perpendicular to the media (e.g., the labels  110 ) on which the printhead  102  is printing. An example of an edge-firing planar stripline antenna that may be incorporated into the platen  104  is that disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/371,785 filed Mar. 9, 2006 and assigned to the assignee of the present application, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Other antennas configured for near field communication may be used in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention. For example, antennas of the type described in the following commonly owned patent applications may be used: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/604,996 filed Aug. 29, 2003; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/231,391 filed Sep. 9, 2005; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/694,329 filed Mar. 30, 2007; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/829,455 filed Jul. 27, 2007. Each of the above listed patent applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     Referring to  FIG. 6 , the interrogator  113  may be in communication with a control system  122  that is coupled to the printhead  102 . The control system  122  may include, for example, one or more general purpose computers and/or dedicated circuits or sets of components, such as a printed circuit board (e.g., the main logic board or “MLB”) and/or data acquisition devices. In some embodiments, the control system  122  may include the functionality of the transceiver associated with the interrogator  113 . The control system  122  may serve to correlate a printing operation of the printhead  102  with either or both of a signal emitted by the electromagnetic coupler  114  or a signal received by the electromagnetic coupler. That is, the electromagnetic coupler  114  and control system  122  can be configured to collectively act as, among other things, an interrogator. Further, in light of the relatively close spatial proximity between the electromagnetic coupler  114  and the printhead  102  that may exist in some embodiments, in cases where the media  110  includes or is associated with one or more communication elements, the control system  122  may direct that communication between the interrogator  113  and the respective communication elements be consistent with the processing (e.g., printing, etc.) operation being performed on the media. This function of the control system  122  is described further below by way of example. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 7A and 7B , therein is depicted a schematic representation of a printer  200  configured to operate in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. The printer  200  includes a printhead  202  and a platen  204  that is associated with an interrogator  213 , in this case incorporating an electromagnetic coupler  214  of the interrogator. The printer  200  receives therein print media  210  that includes a series of communication elements, such as, for example, a series of RFID tags  220   a - c . The print media  210  could be, for example, a continuous strip of material (e.g., paper, labels, items on a liner, etc.) that may subsequently be singulated (e.g., cut, torn, etc.) to form a plurality of media units (e.g., sheets, labels, etc.), which may each contain a RFID tag. 
     As noted above, RFID tags  220   a - c  carried by media structured in accordance with various embodiments of the invention may contain previously encoded information and/or may exchange information through communication with the interrogator  213 . The interrogator  213  may be in communication with or integrated with a control system  222 . The RFID tags  220   a - c  may be disposed within the media  210  as shown or, in alternate embodiments, may be affixed to or otherwise associated with the media. 
     During operation of the printer  200 , the print media  210  may be translated relative to the printhead  202  by the platen  204 . As the print media  210  is translated, each RFID tag  220   a - c  and corresponding portion of the print media respectively passes between the printhead  202  and the platen  204  (i.e., passes through the processing area or the position in which each respective print media portion may be printed to by the printhead) and through the communication area associated with the interrogator  213  and applicable to this specific communication event. When disposed in the communication area, a respective RFID tag is positioned for communication with the electromagnetic coupler  214  and any reader/encoder  215  associated therewith. For example, in  FIG. 7A , the depicted RFID tag  220   b  passes between the printhead  202  and the platen  204  into the communication area (which is understood in this case to include the area between the printhead and the platen) where it is interrogated by the interrogator  213 . 
     In some embodiments, data received by the interrogator  213  (via the electromagnetic coupler  214 ) from the communication elements (e.g., RFID tag  220   b ) may be transmitted to the control system  222  to inform various media processing operations, as exemplified below. In one embodiment, the control system  222  may be configured to control a printing operation of the printhead  202  based on, say, serial number data associated with a specific RFID tag. For example, the control system  222  may cause the printhead  202  to print the serial number (e.g., as alphanumeric text or a barcode) on the media portion containing RFID tag  220   b , such that the media portion includes both a RFID tag capable of communicating an associated serial number (e.g., as radio frequency identifier) and a visual identifier of the serial number. Alternatively, the control system  222  may include logic sufficient to correlate other types of printing operations with data associated with one or more communication elements. For example, data may be stored to a communication element that causes the printer to print specific text (e.g., address information, company names, etc.) or images (e.g., label text and graphics of various size, shapes, etc.). 
     As operation of the printer  200  continues, the print media  210  is translated relative to the printhead  202  and platen  204  such that a different RFID tag, tag  220   c , passes between the printhead  202  and platen  204  (e.g., as shown in  FIG. 7B ). The interrogator  213  can then act to read RFID tag  220   c  and report the content thereof to the control system  222 . The control system  222  can then cause the printhead  202  to perform a printing operation that is specific to RFID tag  220   c . In other embodiments, the control system could direct that information, which may or may not relate to the printed content, be encoded to the RFID tag as discussed in greater detail below. 
       FIGS. 8A and 8B  provide a schematic representation of a printer  300  configured to operate in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. The depicted printer  300  is configured to receive print media  310  that includes a series of RFID tags  320   a - c . In the depicted embodiment, the RFID tags  320   a - c  have not been encoded prior to being received by the printer  300  (or may be encoded with information that will subsequently be replaced). At the point shown in  FIG. 8A , the control system  322  sends control signals to the printhead  302  and information to the interrogator  313 . Such control signals and/or information can be generated based on information contained within the control system  322  or from an external source, such as a network or a separate computer/component to which the control system may be connected. In response to receiving the control signals, the printhead  302  performs a printing operation on the print media portion incorporating the RFID tag  320   b . In response to receiving the information from the control system  322 , the reader  315 , perhaps simultaneously with the printing operation, generates a signal that is transmitted via the electromagnetic coupler  314  and acts to encode RFID tag  320   b . Subsequently, the print media  310  translates and the process is repeated for the RFID tag  320   c  (see  FIG. 8B ). Overall, the interrogator  313 , possibly in conjunction with the control system  322 , can act as a transmitter, as a receiver, and/or as a transceiver, both reading from and writing to RFID tags. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 9A and 9B , therein are shown media processing apparatuses  400   a - b  each configured in accordance with another exemplary embodiment. Each of the apparatuses  400   a - b  includes a media processing component  402  and an opposing member in the form of a conveyance system  404   a - b  that includes a driven roller  403   a  and an associated belt  403   b . In some embodiments, the conveyance system  404   a - b  may include one or more nip rollers  424   a - b . While the apparatuses  400   a - b  are capable of handling a variety of forms of media, the media utilized in the illustrated embodiments consists of a series of distinct bodies or cards  410   a - c . The cards  410   a - c  can be manipulated by the respective conveyance systems  404   a - b , sequentially transporting each card into the processing area p associated with the media processing apparatuses  400   a - b . For example, in the illustrated embodiments, a portion of card  410   b  occupies the processing area p, while card  410   a  has passed beyond the processing area p and card  410   c  has yet to reach the processing area p. As with previously discussed embodiments, the respective conveyance systems  404   a - b  may be associated with an antenna or other electromagnetic coupler (not shown) that facilitates communication with communication elements  420  associated with the cards  410   a - c . For example, the electromagnetic coupler may couple to the nip roller  424   a , to a separate part  405 , or to a dedicated component included especially for housing the electromagnetic coupler. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 10A and 10B , therein are shown views of a media modification apparatus configured in accordance with another exemplary embodiment. In this case, the media processing apparatus is a milling machine  500 . The milling machine  500  includes a media processing component, which in this case includes a mill  502 . An opposing member, in the illustrated case, a mill table  504 , opposes the mill  502 . The mill table  504  can be configured to retain and/or manipulate media, such as wood or plastic, for modification by the mill  502 . An interrogator  513  including an electromagnetic coupler, such as antenna  514 , and a transceiver  515 , can be associated and/or integrated with the mill table  504  and in communication with a control system  522 , which also controls the functioning of the mill  502  (including the movements of the mill table  504 ). For media containing one or more communication elements (not shown), the control system  522  may serve to correlate a milling operation of the mill with either or both of a signal emitted by the antenna  514  (e.g., where the communication element(s) are encoded in conjunction with the milling operation) or a signal received by the antenna (e.g., where the communication element(s) are encoded prior to the milling operation and the data encoded therein dictates aspects of the milling operation). In some embodiments, transponders may be included in raw portions of media that are encoded with data dictating subsequent forming, shaping, engraving, or other processing involving that raw media. 
       FIGS. 11A and 11B  depict a schematic representation of portions of printers  600   a - b  configured to operate in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. A variety of different electromagnetic couplers may be respectively included in the printers  600   a - b . For example, in  FIG. 11A , the printer  600   a  includes an electromagnetic coupler  614   a  suited for HF communications environments, such as the electromagnetic coupler disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,848,616, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. In the illustrated embodiment, the electromagnetic coupler  614   a  has been incorporated into a hollow platen  604   a  of the printer  600   a , the platen being located so as to oppose a printhead  602   a  of the printer. In  FIG. 11B , the printer  600   b  includes an electromagnetic coupler  614   b  suited for UHF communications environments, such as the electromagnetic coupler disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/371,785 filed Mar. 9, 2006. In this case, the electromagnetic coupler  614   b  has again been incorporated into a hollow platen  604   b  of the printer  600   b , the platen being located so as to oppose a printhead  602   b  of the printer. 
     Many modifications and other embodiments of the inventions set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which these inventions pertain having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the inventions are not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.