Patent Publication Number: US-2020292292-A1

Title: Connector assembly evaluation tool and method

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to an evaluation tool and method for inspecting the integrity of any physical industry connections including, but not limited to mechanical joints, mechanical unions, pipe connection fittings, tube connection fittings and the like (hereinafter collectively referred to under the general term “fitting”) to determine connection condition without disassembly of the fitting. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Mechanically attached fittings are used in industry to connect many various components including pipe, or tube etc. The connection may be between a pipe end to either another pipe end or to another portion of a system. It is desirable that such mechanically attached connections are capable of maintaining mechanical strength to hold the connection together and maintain a fluid tight seal where appropriate. The mechanical connection may be under various conditions during service including under vibration, stress and pressure for example. Fluids may include hydrocarbons, high pressure gas, natural gas liquids, chemicals gas, liquid and any variation or combination thereof. For simplicity and clarity, the term ‘fitting’ as used herein is intended to be all inclusive of other terms, for example coupling, connection, union, fitting, joint and so on, that could alternatively be used to refer to a mechanically attached connection. Furthermore the term ‘pipe’ may refer to many types of components connected by means of a mechanical connection, including small bore tubing. 
     Fluid systems typically use mechanically attached connections to interconnect pipe ends to each other and to flow apparatus which may control flow, contain flow, regulate flow, measure characteristics of the fluid or fluid flow, or otherwise influence the fluid within the fluid system. The term ‘mechanically attached connection’ as used herein means any connection for or in a fluid system that involves at least one connection that is held in place by mechanically applied force, stress, pressure, torque, or the like, such as, for example, a threaded connection, a clamped connection, a bolted or screwed together connection and so on. 
     Pipe unions, fittings or connections are secured to an end of a section of pipe using a wide variety of designs including but not limited to single ferrule and multi ferrule fittings, various clamping arrangements using elastomeric seals, gripping rings, nuts and so on. 
     Two sections of a joint, pipe or a pipe and valve, meter, flow control apparatus and so on are commonly connected together using a union. Other fittings such as T-portions and elbows are used to adapt the shape of the pipe and subsequent pipework or fluid circuit and the flow path through the pipe or fluid circuit to match the given requirements. The integrity of any connection between two sections of pipe or a section of pipe and a pipe union or fitting depends on the correct fitment of the union or fitting to the section of pipe. Once the union or fitting is attached to the pipe and the resulting assembly completed it is however difficult to assess whether the connection has been made properly after first or subsequent assemblies. Connectors may also be affected by environmental effects such as the fitting or pipe becoming loose or detached due to vibration, pressure, stress, expansion and contraction, or any other environmental effect/s. 
     One example of a mechanically attached connection involves a pipe fitting apparatus, such as, for example, a collet or one or more ferrules, which may be installed on an outer surface of a pipe for assembly with a fitting. In a conventional ferrule type fitting, a fitting body and nut may be assembled together and tightened (or pulled up) to install the ferrule or ferrules in gripping and sealing engagement with the pipe by plastically deforming the ferrule or ferrules on the pipe. The installed ferrule or ferrules grip the pipe and provide a fluid tight seal which may meet pressure and vibration requirements. 
     Ferrule type fittings are well known in industry and may include a threaded coupling nut, a threaded coupling body and one or more ferrules that fit inside the coupling nut. A cylindrical pipe such as, for example, a tube end, is slid into the coupling body with the ferrules closely surrounding the outer wall of the tube end. When the coupling nut is installed onto the threaded end of the coupling body (or vice versa when the coupling body includes female threads), an axial force is applied to the ferrule or ferrules which causes the surfaces of the ferrule and body to engage to produce a swaging action thereby causing a displacement of portions of each ferrule, causing the ferrules to tightly grip the outer wall of the tube end. In many applications the fitting may be assembled with the use of simple hand tools such as wrenches. Some types of fittings are designed to be installed, disassembled and reassembled many times as required as an advantage over other types of connection such as welding etc. 
     Connector Problems 
     A connection may be assembled incorrectly in many ways dependent upon the connection type. Connectors may be incorrectly tightened, over tightened, or under tightened. Connectors may be connected with wrong types of connection components connected together. Connectors may be assembled incorrectly with metric and imperial type components connected together. Connectors may also be assembled incorrectly with different manufacturers connection components incorrectly assembled together. 
     Proper connection between the pipe and the union or fitting may depend on the pipe being secured in the fitting or union with the correct number, position, location, orientation and type of fitting components assembled and tightened correctly. Proper connection may also depend upon following the manufacturers recommendations for disassembly and re-make of the connector being followed by the assembler and/or general quality of the tooling and marking methods being used. 
     Some fitting manufacturers suggest initially tightening the nut to finger tight and marking the nut at the 6 o&#39;clock position, and tightening the nut a further 1¼ turns for example. The problem with such instructions is that finger tightness is an arbitrary condition and a marking tool may not be used to mark a nut and fitting accurately enough when a fitting is being installed. Furthermore, even if the manufacturers&#39; installation instructions are followed, the tightness of a fitting may be inconsistent because of differing user interpretations of finger-tightness and 1¼ turns Access to the fitting joint may also be restricted making it difficult to access the fitting, a number of smaller turns of the nut may be required making it difficult to determine the number of turns and final position, of the nut. If a fitting is overtightened the tube and the ferrule/s which help provide the seal may be damaged. Such damage is not visually apparent, and may not be undone. If the tightening force between the connector and the nut is less than manufacturers recommendations the amount of swaging of the ferrule/s is less than optimal and the seal between the tube and the fitting may leak. If the tightening force between the connector and the nut is greater than manufacturer&#39;s recommendations, the tube and/or the front ferrule may excessively deform in a manner that prevents a leak tight seal between the tube and the fitting. Excessive deformation of the tube and/or ferrule may render removal of the tube from the fitting difficult or impossible. When the tightening force between the nut and the connector is within manufacturer&#39;s recommendations, the amount of swaging between the ferrule and the tube is optimum and the fitting parts provide a leak tight seal around the tube, and between the ferrule and the nut. 
     Another known method of tightening a fitting to an optimum condition during assembly includes use of a fixed dimension go/no-go gauge that fits between the nut and the connector during initial assembly. However, gauges are often unavailable or improperly used. Furthermore the gauge is only to be used for initial assembly in accordance with manufacturer&#39;s instructions as subsequent reassembly instructions require the user to move the nut very slightly past the initial position, rendering the gauge useless after initial assembly. These types of gauges may not determine any other condition of the fitting including internal features and may not be used for assessment of fitting tightness after assembly or during service. Furthermore if a fitting is overtightened there is no means to determine this condition unless the fitting is disassembled, if the fitting has been severely overtightened and the condition is extreme, the fitting components may be difficult to remove from the pipe. Visual inspections are normally performed. Visual inspection of an installed fitting will not indicate whether the fitting assembly is loose, tight or installed correctly. Visual inspections also do not provide adequate corroboration that a fitting is leak tight, proper tightening procedures were followed, or the internal components were correctly installed. 
     A loose fitting will commonly result in a reduction of the pressure rating of the fitting or fluid leaking from the pipe. Incorrect ferrule fitment, missing ferrule/s, over tightening of the nut, under tightening of the nut, poor thread engagement and mixing different component types or differing manufacturers components may also result in a reduction of the pressure rating, fluid leaks or the pipe/tube becoming detached from the fitting. 
     Pipe connections may be assembled with a ferrule or ferrules. Pipe connection ferrules or ferrules may be missing, incorrectly fitted within a body of the fitting, additional ferrules incorrectly added, one or more ferrules may be reversed the wrong way around, or any other combination of the above. Incorrect assembly and incorrect tightening of the connector may occur by virtue of the assembler failing to properly assemble the connector correctly, mixing the wrong type components or components from different manufacturers, failing to tighten the connector sufficiently, or over tightening the connector for example. Incorrect assembly and failing to tighten the connector assembly correctly etc may be classed as human factor errors. Some industries have a high error rate for connector assembly and tightening, with approximately 25% of connectors incorrectly installed which may be attributed to human factor errors. Vibration effects, pressure, temperature variations and other atmospheric conditions may also cause the connector to become loose or the pipe to become detached from the connector. At present a percentage visual inspection check is performed during service. There is no means in industry to determine some types of fitting condition such as if a fitting assembly has been assembled with the correct number, type and position, of internal components in the correct orientation without disassembly of the connector. There is also no means to determine if a fitting has been previously tightened correctly within manufactures tolerances or if a fitting assembly has been re-made and under or over tightened outside manufacturers tolerances. Some types of connectors may require disassembly procedure steps such as, isolation, shutdown, depressurise, disassembly, visually inspect, record, reassemble, flush, pressure test, return to service, produce report, update of a database etc. which increases user costs in addition to any leaks from the system which may potentially be hazardous. 
     For example, in some industries when a fitting fails plant shutdown may occur, if undetected a failure may be catastrophic. Statistics indicate that 20% of all reported hydrocarbon leaks offshore in the UK were related to ‘instruments’, i.e. they are regarded as small bore tubing related. Of these, 11% of all reported leaks were classed as major severity events. Complete fracture of a section or parting of a small-bore tubing coupling may potentially rapidly escalate to a major release in just a few minutes. Incorrectly fitted equipment is the most widespread operational cause (human factor issues) where operational failures are reported. While regular inspection is therefore necessary, the number of fittings in service makes this a very significant challenge. The principle methods of inspection are currently visual inspection and percentage disassembly checks of fitting lines to check fitting internal assembly. Disassembly has significant cost implications due to issue of permits to work, isolation of plant, flushing of systems, disassembly of fittings (normally 10% in a line) visual inspection, reassembly, pressure testing etc and requires plant to be shut down during inspection. 
     Connector Measurement Problems 
     In many applications, proper assembly of fittings is ensured by controlling axial advancement of the nut toward the fitting body. The fitting body may be installed on a pipe or a pipe installed in a fitting body and the nut is tightened to a finger tight position, Then, the nut is tightened a specified number of turns (one and a half turns, for example) to axially advance the nut a controlled distance and ensure proper pull-up of the fitting. Axial advancement of the nut may seem a simple measurement but has previously proved impossible due to the factors below. 
     Measurement may be done in a variety of different ways. When physically reading a uniformly divided straight or circular graduated measurement scale the degree of precision of the apparatus may be determined by finding the smallest division on the instrument. To increase precision, an apparatus that measures to smaller divisions will lower the margin of error. 
     The allowable tolerance of some types of fittings between initial assembly and reassembly may be less than 0.08 mm. This is impossible to measure by eye with simple marked gauges that exist in industry. The next common instrument for greater accuracy widely used in industry is a vernier calliper type instrument. A Vernier calliper is an apparatus that allows the user to measure more precisely than could be done unaided when reading a uniformly divided straight or circular measurement scale. In metric scales, the units used for calibration are millimetres. A vernier calliper outputs measurement readings in millimetres (mm) and is precise up to 2 decimal places (E.g. 1.23 mm). 
     Vernier callipers commonly used in industry provide a precision to 0.01 mm (one hundredth of a millimetre) which would initially appear to be able to measure the assembly condition. However for accurate measurement many standards require the 10-to-1 rule, which states that in gages with analogue or digital readouts, the measuring instrument should resolve to approximately one-tenth of the tolerance being measured. For example, this means if the allowable tolerance for a correctly tightened connector is 0.08 mm or less, the smallest increment displayed on the gage should be 0.008 mm or less (three decimal places or one thousandth of a millimetre). A gage that only reads to two decimal places may not resolve closely enough for accurate judgments. Furthermore the precision of the measurement may be affected by limitations in either of the two basic requirements. The accuracy of the instrument and the proper location of the gauging points which determine the dimension being measured on the physical part. A calliper&#39;s jaws must be forced into contact with the part being measured the amount of force used affects the indication. A consistent, firm touch is required. Too much force may result in an under indication, too little force may give insufficient contact and an over indication. A calliper must also be properly applied against the part in order to take the desired measurement. For example, when measuring the thickness of a flat surface a vernier calliper must be held at right angles to the piece, round or irregular objects such as connectors create additional problems. Accuracy of measurement when using a calliper is highly dependent on the skill of the user. Many additional factors may reduce accuracy or precision and increase the uncertainty of the measurement result. Some of the most common are:
         Environmental conditions—changes in temperature or humidity may expand and contract materials as well as affect the performance of measurement equipment. Poor lighting, difficult to access areas, restrictions due to geometry of the connector types, many connectors closely bunched together, connectors at difficult to access heights or positions etc. Access difficulties etc may lead to the apparatus not being positioned correctly or the user not being able to read the display correctly.   Inferior measuring equipment—equipment not accurate enough to measure the desired feature.   Poor measuring techniques—equipment not correctly aligned due to restricted access to the area during measurement, restriction due to geometry or position, of connector when in service, equipment not designed to fit measurement areas, equipment incapable of reading to an accurate enough level, operator eyesight differences, poor line of sight to display etc.       

     Fitting type and location conditions may lead to a variety of complex measurement problems. Many fitting features may also lead to measurement errors, for example, the contact point/s to be measured may be small features, may be in a small narrow gap or opening, may be at an opposite or extreme ends of the connector body and nut, may also be from a different point, on a differing shape connector component, restrictions to the measuring apparatus reaching, contacting, and being aligned correctly with the point/s may be caused by irregular curved surfaces, threads, radiused corners, features to be measured not parallel to each other, features to be measured not aligned with each other, at differing positions, access restricting the alignment of the measuring apparatus, or access to view the scale alignment correctly of the measuring apparatus etc. any number or combination of differing conditions for each connector may occur. 
     The measuring apparatus not being accurate enough, for any small dimensional changes by the adjustment of the connector nut is one aspect of the problem. Improperly located dimensions may often have a greater effect on correctness of dimensional measurements than errors due to insufficient indicating accuracy. 
     As may be seen from the numerous difficulties encountered it has previously proved impossible to gain an accurate method and apparatus to measure the very small dimensional changes that determine fitting condition when fitted or in service without the disassembly and visual inspection practices which are currently used by industry. 
     The Solution 
     The inventor of the present invention has developed an apparatus for and method of assessing the integrity of a mechanical connection between a pipe and another fluid flow coupling or element such as a pipe fitting, the invention may display the connector condition information directly, to reduce human factor errors, and reduce human inputs. 
     For ferrule type connectors information such as an overtightened, under tightened or a finger tight connector may be detected and/or assessed, additional, missing or incorrectly installed ferrule/s, reversed ferrule/s or ferrule/s positioned incorrectly may also be detected and/or assessed, without the need to disassemble the connector, displaying the condition of mechanical connection automatically reducing inspection time and human factor errors. 
     Many differing types of mechanical connection may also be assessed for specific connection conditions. The apparatus and method may determine if a connector or connector component is installed correctly in accordance with manufacturer&#39;s recommendations after assembly and during service life without disassembly. 
     Embodiments of methods and apparatus for inspection and evaluation of pipe connectors installed onto a pipe will be described herein in an exemplary manner for causing two ferrules of a conventional pipe fitting to grip a pipe end ata desired axial location. However, this is for purposes of illustration and explanation and should not be construed in a limiting sense. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the inspection methods and apparatus described herein may be used to inspect and evaluate single ferrules onto pipe ends, and further may be used to inspect and evaluate ferrules onto cylindrical members other than just pipe ends. Further, the inspection and evaluation operation may take place on any connector type, used in any industry, for example, hose connections, instrument connections, gas connections, medical device connections, hydraulic connections etc, at any site where a fitting body or other type connector occurs. 
     The apparatus allows measuring a changeable characteristic feature of the fitting (such as a nut) relative to a fixed characteristic feature of the fitting (such as a fitting body), a variety of fitting condition(s) may be determined. Proper fitting component quantity, type, orientation, position, mixed metric and imperial fitting components, and mixed components from different manufactures, may be detected. If the total axial length of the components of the fitting, assembled in the correct order, in the correct orientation is known (by pre-setting the apparatus on known calibration pieces for example). The detection of differing axial lengths may indicate that too many components are present, the wrong type of components are present, the orientation of one or more components is incorrect, the position, of one or more components is incorrect, the connector has not been tightened correctly and any other condition relevant to the connector type. 
     When a potential problem is detected, for example, by detecting a deviation from the expected axial length the apparatus may compare the measured axial length with the predetermined axial lengths of differing conditions of known incorrect assemblies to identify the type of incorrect assembly. The apparatus may then display the fitting condition reducing further human factor errors in reading, recording, storing, reporting and uploading information. 
     Fitting condition and severity may be easily determined by accurate location and positioning of the apparatus, using a novel method of measurement which is simple but highly accurate, using a display method which displays a range of conditions rather than a numerical display, simplifying the reading of the apparatus for the user, simplifying or eliminating the recording of numerical information, simplifying input of information to a database for the user, etc. Apparatus features may include any shape, configuration or combination of features, to reduce contact or interference from fitting features that may interfere with the measurement, to firmly grip the connector during measurement, to reduce apparatus movement during measurement, to allow an easy to read and understand display. Highly accurate measurement may be by any means, including, but not limited to, by using position, rotation angle, or circumferential distance, or arc length travelled, of the apparatus piece/s. Changes in accuracy and/or tolerances may be by any means, including, but not limited to, being able to adjust the tolerance and sensitivity of the apparatus, by varying the, shape, diameter, length, and/or thickness, of any apparatus components, by replacing various apparatus component/s, covering a range of connector conditions, and varying sensitivity levels for each condition, in one or more apparatus component/s, if required, which may be replaceable, and also may be pre-set, pre-setting the apparatus component may be to the fitting manufacturers tolerances, the apparatus may be easily checked and verified by the user with calibration reference piece/s. The apparatus may be small, portable, handheld, easy to use, intrinsically safe, easily understood, may reduce human factor errors in measurement, recording and downloading of information. The apparatus may reduce human factor errors in pipe connection installation, may allow inspection of connections during service, may allow regular inspection of high risk connections subject to vibration etc, without disassembly, may reduce leaks such as hydrocarbon leaks, and may improve safety where connectors are used. 
     Apparatus 
     In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a tool for evaluating the connection condition of a mechanical fitting comprising:
         (i) a first component shaped to facilitate its engagement with a fitting to be evaluated; and   (ii) a second component connected to, and moveable relative to, the first component;       

     wherein a relative movement between the first and second components establishes a measurement between two surfaces of a fitting to be evaluated, said measurement being directly or indirectly indicative of one or more predetermined connection conditions. 
     It is an advantage of the present invention that the apparatus may be accurate, repeatable, portable, handheld, used in confined areas, made intrinsically safe for hazardous areas, may also be used with no electrical power requirements if required, may produce a simplified display of condition and may also be used for many differing configurations of connector type. 
     It is also an advantage of the present invention that the apparatus may be used in-situ, on-site, or on installed connectors. The need to isolate, shut down, disassemble, inspect, re-assemble, flush, pressure test and return to service as per current industry practice for some types of connectors may not be required. 
     It is also an advantage of the apparatus that no current apparatus or method exists in industry to inspect installed connectors to determine conditions without disassembly. 
     It is also an advantage that connector condition may be displayed, reducing human factor errors when using the apparatus, recording the information, and/or storing or uploading the information. 
     It is also an advantage of the apparatus that the number of steps to record dimensional information, and/or update a database, may be reduced utilising a display of connector condition. 
     It is also an advantage of the apparatus that the installation and/or installer competency may be checked. 
     It is also an advantage of the apparatus that connector condition may be determined immediately by the user, which may be critical in the case of a leak, allowing the user to take fast corrective action, for example shut down, or isolation, of the faulty connector. 
     It is also an advantage of the apparatus that the current rate of human factor errors (25%) in some industries may be reduced, leading to safer practices, reduced costs, and reduced leaks such as hydrocarbon leaks. 
     It is also an advantage of the apparatus that only incorrect fittings may be disassembled, corrected, and reassembled, thus avoiding disassembly of a correctly assembled fittings, which occurs during the current industry method of percentage checks. Disassembly of correctly assembled fittings may lead to incorrect reassembly due to human factor errors. 
     Method 
     In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of evaluating the connection condition of a fitting comprising:
         (i) providing a tool in accordance with the first aspect;   (ii) engaging the first component with the fitting to be evaluated proximate fixed and adjustable fitting parts thereof;   (iii) effecting relative movement between the first and second components until respective surfaces thereof each contact surfaces of said fixed and adjustable fitting parts; and   (iv) establishing a measurement between said surfaces of said fixed and adjustable fitting parts;       

     wherein said measurement is directly or indirectly indicative of one or more predetermined connection conditions. 
     The method may include the step of comparing the apparatus information, with a correctly installed and tightened pipe fitting, with the apparatus information, from an incorrectly installed and tightened pipe fitting/s. 
     Descriptions of exemplary methods or processes are not limited to inclusion of all steps as being required in all cases, nor is the order that the steps are presented to be construed as required or necessary unless expressly so stated. 
     The information from the apparatus may vary with a correctly installed and tightened, or re-made and tightened fitting, the variation may determine an acceptable tolerance and may allow the user to determine, if a fitting has been made, more than one time, and allow pre-set tolerances to be used. 
     The information from the apparatus may vary with correctly installed and tightened, or re-made conditions, allowing the apparatus to have an acceptable tolerance range, other conditions may also have a tolerance range. Pre-set tolerances may be used to set the apparatus and/or to determine condition severity. 
     The condition of a pipe fitting indicating a specific event which may occur in the pipe fitting may be automatically displayed by pre-marking and/or pre-setting the apparatus with known conditions, and/or severity of condition, of connector, specific to the connector type; utilising the apparatus, to obtain a reading, of a connector variable, and/or severity; comparing the reading obtained, with the pre-marked, pre-indicated, or pre-set condition; and supplying a visual indication which displays the pre-determined condition automatically. The display produces a credible technical effect by giving a visual indication automatically about the condition prevailing in the connector, indicates a specific event which may occur in the apparatus, displays a pre-determined condition making it easier for the user to quickly locate the source of a leak or possible leak within a system of connections, reduces human factor errors and inspection time by producing a display easier to interpret, elimination of the requirement to record dimensions and simplifying information input to a database. 
     The display may replace a normal dimensional display which may require a dimension to be recorded and assessed at a later time, against drawings, reference tables, tolerances etc to determine condition. The display may eliminate the human requirement to record dimensions and refer to additional information. The display may assist human activities by simplifying the reading of the display, to a predetermined condition and severity reading, and input if required of the condition into a database from a pre-determined range of conditions. Normal input of information into a database requires manually inputting dimensions etc. The display may reduce human factor errors, which are a major contributor to incorrectly installed connectors and connector leaks. A simplified display may reduce training time, for personnel prior to apparatus use, saving associated training time and simplifying training. The display may provide connector condition information more accurately and with a faster speed, reducing human factor errors due to misreading the device. The display of all connector conditions may be contained within, and shown by, one rotation (360 degrees) or less, of a component, thus simplifying the display and further reducing human factor errors. Alternatively the device may rotate past 360 degrees with a number of turns, and may be displayed, and/or measured. 
     Many connector conditions may be pre-programmed electronically and stored on the apparatus such that a visual, audible or any other means of detection may be displayed. The inspection apparatus may be connected to an electronic apparatus or an output to notify the user audibly or visually of the condition. 
     The optional features of the first aspect of the present invention may be incorporated into the second aspect of the present invention and may be incorporated into the third aspect of the present invention in any combination. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which these and other inventive aspects and features of the present disclosure will become apparent to one skilled in the art to which the present invention relates upon consideration of the following description of the exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a first component of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a second component of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 2A  illustrates a further component type showing different features of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a further component type showing different features of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a further component type showing different features of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 4A  illustrates the component type of  FIG. 4  with additional views of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a further component type of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a configuration of two components of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention 
         FIG. 7  illustrates an assembled apparatus with features of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates an alternative apparatus display of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 9A  illustrates a view of a type of pipe connector disposed around a pipe. 
         FIG. 9B  illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of a type of pipe connector disposed around a pipe showing possible internal features. 
         FIG. 10  illustrates a view of an exemplary embodiment of the pipe connector evaluation apparatus, assembled with a pipe connector, according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 10A  illustrates a view of an alternative apparatus of an exemplary embodiment of the pipe connector evaluation apparatus, assembled with a pipe connector, according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 10B  illustrates an alternative view of an exemplary embodiment of the pipe connector evaluation apparatus, assembled with a pipe connector in an alternative position, according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 10C  illustrates an alternative view of an exemplary embodiment of the pipe connector evaluation apparatus, assembled with a pipe connector in an alternative position, according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 10D  illustrates an alternative view of an exemplary embodiment of the pipe connector evaluation apparatus, assembled with a pipe connector in an alternative position, according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 10E  illustrates an alternative view of an exemplary embodiment of the pipe connector evaluation apparatus, assembled with a pipe connector in an alternative position, according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 10F  illustrates an alternative view of an exemplary embodiment of the pipe connector evaluation apparatus, assembled with a pipe connector in an alternative position, according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 11  illustrates an assembled exemplary embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 12  illustrates a side view of an assembled exemplary embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 13  illustrates a view of an exemplary embodiment of the pipe connector evaluation apparatus, assembled with a reference or calibration pipe connector, according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 14  illustrates a view of an exemplary embodiment of the pipe connector evaluation apparatus, assembled with a reference or calibration connector, an apparatus calibration check, for condition severity, prior to use, according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 15  illustrates a view of an exemplary embodiment of the pipe connector evaluation apparatus, assembled with a pipe connector of a different configuration, showing physical restrictions of differing pipe connector types, according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 16  illustrates an alternative view of an exemplary embodiment of the pipe connector evaluation apparatus, assembled with a pipe connector with an alternative movement method, according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 17  illustrates an alternative view of an exemplary embodiment of the pipe connector evaluation apparatus, assembled with a pipe connector with a more than two piece design, according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 18  illustrates an alternative view of an exemplary embodiment of the pipe connector evaluation apparatus in a two piece assembly, with some example alternate configuration types of the apparatus pieces, according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 19  illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the pipe connector evaluation apparatus with a detachable grip, position, detector, measuring position, or rotation angle, attached to the apparatus pieces. 
         FIG. 20  illustrates forces created during use of the device. 
         FIG. 21  illustrates an alternative device design using the forces created to aid the inspection/evaluation. 
         FIG. 22  illustrates alternative shapes or additional pieces of device component. 
         FIG. 23  illustrates a disassembled variation of the tool whereby NFC tags are attached circumferentially around the second component&#39;s central axis; a front sub-component of the first component is provided with an RF signal blocking material defining an aperture for RF signal transmission; and a rear sub-component of the first component is also provided an RF signal blocking material defining an aperture for RF signal transmission; 
         FIG. 24  illustrates a partially assembled version of the tool variation whereby the second component is attached to the front sub-component about the rotation axis to thereby align the circumferential travel path of the NFC tags with the aperture; 
         FIG. 25  illustrates a fully assembled version of the tool variation whereby the rear sub-component is attached to the front sub-component about the rotation axis to thereby sandwich the second component between the two and align the respective apertures; and  FIG. 26  is a side view of the fully assembled version of the tool shown in  FIG. 25 . 
     
    
    
     One aspect of the apparatus is that the apparatus may indicate position, or changes of a moving apparatus component. The apparatus component  20  ( FIG. 2 ) may be of any shape or configuration, for example only ( FIG. 18 ), that may change position, or move, rotate, in an arc, or in an offset manner ( FIG. 16 ), which may move the position, of the component  20  to come into contact with a desired point on the connector moveable characteristic  32 , or connector fixed characteristic  33 , ( FIG. 10 ) ( FIG. 10A-F ) ( FIG. 16 ) ( FIG. 17 ) 
     Another aspect of the apparatus is that the position change may be more accurate than conventional measuring equipment. For example only, if component  20  ( FIG. 16 ) position, was changed, for example, by rotation and was set to move axially, along an axial distance (or range of distances) L 1  ( FIG. 9B ) by 1 mm each 360 degrees rotation (by the pre-determined shape of component  20  or any other means), then each degree of rotation (360 units) would represent 1/360th of a millimetre (0.0027 mm). A vernier calliper normally measures in 1/100th of a millimetre (0.01 mm), therefore by a method of measuring position, in this case, the position, or rotation angle, the apparatus is made more sensitive, furthermore digital measurements of position, or rotation, using electronic apparatus, such as encoders, for example, are normally in a scale of 0.1 degrees. Therefore for 1 mm over 360.0 degrees (3600 units) then each 0.1 degrees would represent 1/3600th of a millimetre again more sensitive than a typical measuring apparatus such as a vernier calliper. 
     It will be appreciated that component  20  may change position, be moved, and/or monitored by any means and may be of any shape, component  20 , may also have a substantially flat edge, or an edge with a changeable shape, which may extend the full, or partial length, of the perimeter, or periphery. Component  20  may also be set to move, by deflection, such as pressing, shaping, or distorting prior to use. Component  20  may also be set to change position, by a shaped component  44  ( FIG. 16 ), which may, take a wide variety of different forms, or be of any type of configuration, to allow  20  to change position, axially, along an axial distance (or range of distances) L 1 . Another component, such as,  43  ( FIG. 10  C), or any configuration, of component  20 , ( FIG. 18 ) may also be used, which may also, take a wide variety of forms, or be any type of configuration. Component  20  may also change position across, along, internally, externally, or within any portion of the connector or connector pieces depending upon connector type and configuration, to determine the required information. 
     A further aspect of the apparatus is that, it may be any number of components, the components may be any configuration, designed to fit, the connector, and/or connector secondary piece/s, and/or pipe/s, and/or each other, the components may be replaceable, and may be connectable to each other. 
     A further aspect of the apparatus is that the angle of position, or rotation, if utilised, may further be calculated and converted into movement along the circumference, periphery or arc, of the component and displayed. Therefore the actual distance that an apparatus component may move, such as, for example, the circumferential movement of part  20  may be determined and used further. For example only, if the circumference of part  20  was 200 mm then a 1 mm axial movement could be divided by a circumferential movement of 200 mm with each mm of circumferential movement representing 1/200th of a millimetre of axial movement which would again be more sensitive than a typical calliper ( 1/100th of a millimetre). 
     A further aspect of the apparatus, is that the movement of the apparatus, may be measured more accurately, than conventional measuring methods. 
     A further aspect of the apparatus is that the sensitivity may be increased by increasing the circumference, radius, arc, length or diameter of the component/s that change position. 
     In accordance with an aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus comprising an apparatus comprising a first portion and at least a second portion, being moveable between a fixed characteristic of the connector and a changeable characteristic of the connector wherein the apparatus is located at the pipe, tube, connector or connector secondary portion (nut or other secondary portion) and the position is changed, or moved, until contact is made, the apparatus may indicate connector make-up, tightness, condition and severity. 
     A further aspect of the apparatus is that the apparatus may be used in any position, on any connector, or pipe, including any opening, aperture, space, or gap between the connector components. 
     It is an advantage of the present invention that the apparatus may be handheld, used in confined areas, made intrinsically safe for hazardous areas, may be used with no electrical power requirements, and may if required, produce a simplified display of condition, and/or severity, and also may be used for many differing configurations of connector type. 
     It is also an advantage of the present invention that the apparatus may be used in-situ, on-site, on installed connectors without the need to isolate, shut down, disassemble, inspect, re-assemble, flush, pressure test and return to service as per current industry practice. 
     It is also an advantage of the apparatus that no current method or equipment exists in industry to inspect installed connectors to determine conditions without disassembly. 
     Apparatus Operation 
     A connector may be assembled on the pipe, or the pipe inserted into the connector, to complete assembly, the connector may be tightened. Tightening of the connector may be, by means of tightening a nut to a certain position, a certain torque, or by means of a certain number of turns, etc depending upon the connector type, available equipment, manufacturer&#39;s recommendations etc. For some connector types, a nut may move along a threaded portion of the connector. Proper make-up of a fitting may be achieved, by tightening a fitting nut a predetermined number of turns beyond a finger tight position. For example, a fitting may be configured to be pulled up by tightening the fitting nut with respect to the fitting body 1¼ turns past finger tight. Movement of a connector portion in relation to another portion is considered to be movement of a changeable characteristic of a connector to a fixed characteristic. 
     The apparatus portion/s may be located at, into, along, across or between the space separating a fixed characteristic of the connector and a changeable characteristic of the connector. 
     A fixed characteristic of the connector may be any location, point, corner, surface, position, face or feature on the connector body. A changeable characteristic of the connector may be any location, point, corner, surface, position, face or feature on a nut. A fixed characteristic may be a fitting body. A changeable characteristic may be a fitting nut. The fixed characteristic and changeable characteristic may be the face of a fitting body, and a face of a fitting nut. A fitting body may also be considered a moveable characteristic and a nut a fixed characteristic depending on assembly practices. 
     The apparatus position may be changed, between a fixed, or number of fixed, characteristic/s and/or, a changeable characteristic, or number of changeable characteristics, on the fitting body (or other connection type or configuration) and secondary portions (nut, or other connection type, or configuration, or fluid connection piece). 
     The source of apparatus position change, or movement, may be between a fixed characteristic of the connector, and/or a changeable characteristic of the connector. 
     Position change, or movement, of the apparatus, may be by any means, to allow contact with a fixed characteristic and a moveable characteristic of the connector. Position change, or movement, of the apparatus, or apparatus component/s, may be by position change, or rotation. Position change, or movement, of the apparatus, or apparatus/component/s, may be by moving in an arc. Position change, or movement, of the apparatus, or apparatus component/s, may be along an axis parallel to the fitting body. Position change, or movement, of the apparatus, or apparatus component/s, may be along an axis at ninety degrees to the fitting body. Position change, or movement, of the apparatus, or apparatus component/s, may be by a moving a component, on, or along, another component, (for example only, a disc type shape, along a threaded rod). Position change, or movement, of the apparatus, or apparatus component/s, may be position change, in respect to, any another apparatus component/s. (For example a first piece position, may be changed, by rotation, or movement, in respect to a second piece, which may be a further component, a further component or second piece, may also be a display). 
     The position of the two or more device pieces may change individually or together, or in opposition to each other. 
     Movement may be, by manual, physical, or any means, as known in industry, for example, any driven method, gears, belts, electrically driven, thumb screw, etc, and/or any means of preventing overtightening and/or providing a constant force during measurement. 
     Movement may be, by one or more, apparatus component/s. Movement of the apparatus component/s may be, through a gap, between the fixed and moveable characteristic/s of the connector. 
     The apparatus may contact the moveable and/or fixed characteristic of the connector. The apparatus may stop upon contact. The apparatus may display, fitting condition upon contact. The apparatus may display, fitting condition severity upon contact. The apparatus may display, internal fitting features. The apparatus may display, position, location, movement, and/or dimensions. The apparatus may display, missing, reversed, and/or number of ferrules, or any other type of internal feature/s, or secondary fitting portion features. The apparatus may display, connector coupling information for any type of connector known in industry, made by any material known in industry. The apparatus may display, over tight, under tight, hand tight, or correctly tightened, fitting component features such as fitting nut/s. 
     Fitting condition/s may be pre-determined prior to apparatus use. Fitting condition/s may be pre-determined by reference to, or use of, a calibration or reference portion which may represent differing fitting conditions. 
     The apparatus information may be in the form of position. The apparatus information may be in the form of rotation. The apparatus information may be in the form of angle. The apparatus information may be in the form of distance. The apparatus information may be in the form of movement. The apparatus information may be obtained by measuring the thickness of the apparatus at the connector characteristic contact point/s. The apparatus information may be obtained by measuring the distance, dimension, or length, between a connector fixed characteristic and/or a connector moveable characteristic. 
     The apparatus information may be pre-set, pre-marked or pre-stored. The pre-set information may, for example, be connector condition, tolerances, such as overtight, under tight, hand tight, reversed ferrules, missing ferrules, additional ferrules, severity of condition, or any other information relevant to the connector type. Pre-set condition/s may be determined, from a calibration piece/s, or may be, by utilising pre-configured component/s, which may be changeable and/or replaceable. Pre-set condition/s may be uploaded, to the apparatus, or apparatus component/s, or uploaded to a further piece of electronic equipment, or uploaded to any database or software. The apparatus or user may record, and/or store, the apparatus information, in any form, which may be, converted, and or disseminated, at a later stage. Any or all apparatus information, which may include, for example, position, movement, rotation, dimension, condition, and/or severity rating, may be stored, or uploaded, to any form of database, or software, which may include a spreadsheet, which may include calculation/s for apparatus condition, and/or severity rating/s. 
     Apparatus, and/or fitting information, which may include fitting condition, and/or severity, may be marked or indicated, on the apparatus, displayed electronically on the apparatus, displayed by an attached display, which may be wired, or connected by any means known in industry, including Bluetooth etc, may be stored, and/or displayed, in the apparatus, in a further electronic apparatus, which may be, attached to the apparatus, or stored in a database, spreadsheet, or any other means of storage known in industry, including any storage drives, the storage method may also convert the information received from the apparatus, into further information. 
     The apparatus information may be displayed visually. The apparatus information display may be read manually. The apparatus information may be displayed electronically. The apparatus information may be converted to a connector condition and severity. The apparatus information may be displayed. The apparatus information may be recorded. The apparatus information may be stored. The apparatus information may be added to a database. The apparatus information may be recorded, and/or stored, and may be added to a database manually or electronically. The apparatus information may be recorded, and/or stored, and maybe later converted to a fitting condition and/or severity reading. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
     While the inventions are described herein with specific reference to a variety of structural and material features, such descriptions are intended to be exemplary in nature and should not be construed in a limiting sense. For example, the exemplary embodiments are described primarily in terms of a tube fitting utilising two ferrules. Those skilled in the art, however, will readily appreciate that any one or more of the aspects and features of the inventions may be used with different mechanically attached connections for pipes, including but not limited to, other pipe gripping arrangements (e.g., single ferrule designs) and other pipe fittings, with many materials, and with many different pipes including, but not limited to, tube or pipe. Moreover, many of the aspects of the inventions may be used for fittings intended for use in a variety of system pressures and temperatures, and with a variety of system fluids. Still further, many of the exemplary embodiments herein illustrate components that are externally threaded and receive and abut the pipe end commonly called male type fittings. Many aspects of embodiments will find application in female-style fittings as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The invention will also find application for fitting assemblies and connector types that do not require threaded connections between the fitting components, and may be used to inspect, any type of connector, or fastener, used by industry, for example, the invention may be applied to, clipped, push-fit, clamped, clasped, latched, and/or bolted fittings etc. The invention will also find application far beyond the exemplary embodiments herein as to mechanically attached connections that may be made to a wide and ever expansive variety of fluid components including, but not limited to, other pipes, flow control apparatus, containers, manifolds, instrumentation fittings, hose connections, pneumatic fittings, valves, high purity fittings, gauges, sensors and so on. The invention will also find application in many other industry sectors where connectors are used such as aerospace, oil and gas, petrochemical, hydraulics, transport, climate control, filtration, fluid and gas handling, hydraulics, pneumatics, process control and medical for example. 
     Many types of fitting arrangements may be used to provide a fitting connection, including, for example, push-to-connect, tool-tightened (e.g., crimping or clamping), or threaded arrangements. 
     In one exemplary embodiment, the relative position, of the fitting nut  32  and the connector body  33  is evaluated to determine whether the position, is within a predetermined range of acceptable position/s with respect to each other. This may be done for a variety of different reasons. The relative position may be evaluated to confirm or ensure proper compression of the pipe connector on the pipe  34 . In one exemplary embodiment, the position, between a surface of fitting nut  32  and a surface of connector body  33  will vary along the axial position, L 1  ( FIG. 9B ) which is evaluated by the apparatus  30 . This may be done for a variety of different reasons. For example, by evaluating the relative position, L 1 , missing components may be detected, too many components may be detected, incorrect component positioning may be detected, incorrect component orientation may be detected, overtightened connectors, under tightened connectors or correctly tightened connectors may be detected. 
     In  FIG. 9B , the rear ferrule  35  and the front ferrule  36  are correctly positioned. With the fitting nut  32  correctly tightened on the fitting body  33  the relative position, L 1  between a changeable connector characteristic  32  and a fixed connector characteristic  33  may be determined. A change to the relative position, of L 1  may be caused by any condition, including a reversed rear ferrule  35 . This condition may be detected by evaluating the position, or movement, of apparatus component  20  and/or apparatus component  21  and the relative position, L 1 . Any type of display, or sensor, that indicates position changes between any portion/s of the apparatus  30  may be used. Examples of position, sensors include, but are not limited to, switches, proximity sensors, hall-effect sensors, inductive sensors, and the like. Any type of sensor or display capable of changing states when an apparatus component changes position, or moves, may be used. 
     The relative position, L 1  would be expected to change with differing connector conditions specific to the connector type. The relative position or movement change of L 1  may be compared with known or pre-set conditions. In this way for example under tightening of the nut  32 , over tightening of the nut  32 , missing or reversed ferrules  35 ,  36 , incorrect number of ferrules or any other combination of missing components may be detected, additional components may be detected, incorrect component positioning may be detected and incorrect component orientation may also be detected. 
     Similarly, the condition where more than the prescribed number of ferrules are present may be detected by relative position, L 1  changing. 
     The position, of L 1  would be different than expected and/or by a different amount than expected and the incorrect component positioning is indicated 
     Proper make-up of a fitting may be achieved by tightening a fitting nut a predetermined number of turns beyond a finger tight position. For example, a fitting may be configured to be pulled up by tightening the fitting nut with respect to the fitting body 1¼ turns past finger tight. 
     The apparatus  30  may be configured to detect a finger tight condition whereby the installer has not properly installed the fitting. 
     In some circumstances, the pipe connector, may be disassembled and reassembled. For reassembly the fitting nut  32  may be tightened slightly further. The apparatus  30  may also be configured to detect if the connector has been assembled one time, or has been assembled more than one time. The apparatus  30  may also be configured to detect if the fitting nut  32  is within manufacturers tolerances for tightening. 
     Referring to  FIG. 10 , an exemplary apparatus assembly  30  includes a shaped portion  21  located upon a fixed connector characteristic  33 , shaped portion  21  however may be positioned around any fitting feature such as  33 , a pipe  34 , or a changeable connector characteristic  32 , for example ( FIG. 10A-F ) ( FIG. 15 ). The illustrated shaped portion  21  may include a grip feature  29  ( FIG. 7 ) ( FIG. 19 ) which may be detachable and/or replaceable, may include a shaped feature  23  ( FIG. 1 ) ( FIG. 7 ) to locate the connector or pipe features, to allow accurate location and position, of the pipe or connector in the apparatus. The shaped feature  23  may also comprise a shape/s to allow contact only with the intended area, and not to allow contact with any pipe, connector, or connector secondary feature that could interfere with the apparatus readings ( FIG. 4A ), such as, threads, radiused corners, or any other feature for example  38  ( FIG. 10 ) ( FIG. 15 ). The apparatus portion  21  may also have a shape  39  ( FIG. 1 ), to allow fast location of the apparatus  30 , and aid in guiding the apparatus accurately into position. The shaped portion  21  may have a means of attaching another portion or portions  37 . However, the shaped portion  21 , may be replaceable, take any form, shape, or configuration, and may include any number of features to allow movement, location, and fitment, to a variety of connector types, sizes, and other apparatus portions, and pipes, if the apparatus design requires. Shaped portion  21 , may also have an indicator or marking/s  28 , to allow apparatus  30 , information to be read, when aligned with further indicator/s or markings  27 , of portion  20  ( FIG. 7 ) ( FIG. 14 ). Marking/s or indicators may be interchangeable between any portion/s of apparatus  30 . Marking/s or indication/s may be a separate component/s which may be attached to another component in the apparatus, for example if a differing connector was to be examined then a component with the new tolerances and/or markings could be simply replaced and attached to component  20 . 
     The portions  20 ,  21  of the apparatus may be connectable or coupled by any means known in industry such that when the first and second portions are connected by  37  they form the apparatus  30  and typically a portion/s of the apparatus may change position or move. 
     When the apparatus portion/s move they may allow indicator marking/s to align. The apparatus may comprise two portions or more. A display  31  ( FIG. 18 ) may be considered a second portion. The portions  20 ,  21  of the apparatus may be connected by a pin, bolt, screw or any other means of engagement known in industry  37 . The first and second portions of the apparatus may change or move position by any means, for example, may be rotatable relative to one another, thereby allowing the apparatus to move to the desired position/s. 
     The apparatus may have a means to stop,  41  ( FIG. 13 ) the position, of the first and second portions relative to each other. The stop may be a ‘zero’ point for an electronic display or a known start point for position. 
     In an alternative embodiment the first portion  20  may be separable and replaceable. When the portions  20 ,  21  are separable, the portion  20  of the apparatus may come into contact with a feature, point, surface, or portion of the connector body and/or nut to allow contact with the desired point/s. The first portion  20  may be replaced with another portion of a different configuration, different size and/or thickness, or a differing shape, or a portion with differing markings or indications, in this manner the first portion may be changed to fit a differing shape connector or connector secondary piece (such as a nut) points to be contacted, any portion of the apparatus, including the first portion  20 , sensitivity, and tolerance range, may also be varied, for example, by changing configuration, dimension, diameter, circumference, shape, number and shape of sections, distortion, or pressed shape, slope of any gradient  26  ( FIG. 2A ), or thread pitch  26  ( FIG. 2 ), thickness, helix, number of step/s, or angle of steps,  26  ( FIG. 12 )( FIG. 18 ) for example, thread pitch, if connected by means of a screwed rod, or bolt,  43  which may be any connector type, or attachment, known in industry ( FIG. 10C-F ), thread pitch if a square thread or any other thread design is used  26  ( FIG. 2 ), differing component configuration  44  ( FIG. 16 ), or any other configuration component. Apparatus markings and display may be changed, to suit particular fitting conditions, of interest, or tolerance zones, or particular condition, thereby allowing many differing fitting dimensions and shapes to be examined for any particular condition with any variable tolerance. 
     Any portion may of apparatus  30  may be replaceable. 
     In an alternative embodiment the first portion  20 , may be any shape, that may change position, by any means, and/or that may be separable, or replaceable. 
     In another alternative embodiment the second portion  21 , may be a shape that may change position, and may be replaced. The second portion  21 , may also be used to vary sensitivity of the apparatus, for example only, if the apparatus was placed in a gap, and portion  21 , was increased in thickness then portion  20  may be reduced in thickness, allowing  20  to be a reduced thickness, may increase sensitivity, by reducing the gradient or slope of any edge of  20  to be less, therefore when  20  is rotated, for example, less gradient would result in less movement during rotation, which would result in a greater sensitivity. 
     The apparatus may be a three portion or more design ( FIG. 10A ) ( FIG. 17 ) ( FIG. 19 ), referring to  FIG. 10A , the first portion  20 , may be a circular type shape, that may be attached to the second portion  21 , and may have a further portion attached  42 , to the first portion  20 , in this way the first portion  20 , may be in between two other portions, and may move, or rotate. The portion  21  and the further portion  42  may be fixed allowing the portion  20  to rotate. Further portion  42  may have a display and/or markings of any type. Other apparatus pieces may be connected in many configurations, for many purposes, for example,  45  ( FIG. 17 ) is added to provide support to  42  and  21 . 
     The apparatus may be any configuration or number of components to suit the connector type, connector configuration, type of display, method of movement, method of communication with another apparatus, or any other consideration. The first portion  20  and portion  21  may be any shape, to fit many differing connector types, configurations, to fit the relevant points, or faces to be contacted, to suit the connector, pipe, apparatus shape, display, communication interface, any other portion, requirements for gripping or holding by the user, avoid threads, or radiused corners, or any other features required. 
     In another alternative embodiment the portion  21  may be shaped to accommodate a fitting coupling member, or pipe, or fitting secondary piece, or any other type connector design, pipe design, or secondary piece design. The component  21  may have pieces that may be separable, replaceable, adjustable, have detachable, and/or replaceable end/s, or may allow additional portions to be added, for example to change the slot width and/or angle, which may allow fitment of differing connectors. When the first and second portions are separable, the portion  21  of the apparatus may be positioned to allow contact with a desired point/s. The second portion may be designed to fit the connector, or pipe, or connector secondary piece, and any shape that may fit the desired contact point/s. The portion  21  may also be shaped, to avoid any features of the connector which may interfere with the device such as threads, radiused corners, edges or any other features  38  ( FIG. 10 ) ( FIG. 15 ). The second portion may vary thickness or shape in differing areas  22  ( FIG. 3 ) ( FIG. 10 ) to allow better contact and less movement of the apparatus during assessment of the connector ( 22  may also be formed, or shaped, by any means known in industry, bent, dimpled, pressed, glued, coated or may consist of an additional piece/s for example). The second portion area  22  may also, be adjustable, or replaceable, this may allow device fitment to differing connectors or pipes. The second portion shape may be designed to grip the contact area, and/or hold the connector  23  ( FIG. 7 ) during position change or movement of the first portion  20 . Position change or movement of the first portion  20  may cause a force which aids movement of the apparatus to the correct position upon the connector ensuring the apparatus is held in the correct position, during connector assessment. The portion  21  may be, adjustable, or replaced with differing size, thickness, portion/s, differing shapes or configurations for example ( FIG. 1 ,  FIG. 3 ,  FIG. 4 ,  FIG. 4A ,  FIG. 5 ) to allow differing shape, and/or diameter, pipe or, connector types to be examined, the second portion may have an indicator mark/s to indicate connector condition  28  relative to the first portion indicator/marks  27  ( FIG. 7 ). In this manner the portion  21  may be changed to fit a differing shape, or diameter, pipe or, connector or connector points to be contacted. The second portion may be any shape, to suit the connector, pipe, apparatus shape, display, communication interface, the first portion, position, movement, requirements for gripping or holding by the user, restrictions to use, or any other features required. The second portion may also be a display  31  ( FIG. 18 ). 
     In another alternative embodiment, the second portion  21 , may be any shape, connected to  20 , which may be any shape, and allow any position change, relative to each other, by any means of movement, both of which may have mark/s, indicator/s, by any means known in industry, which may align, for differing connector conditions, both pieces may be positioned at, across, or within, a fixed, and/or changeable connector characteristic/s. 
     The display, which may be any type known in industry, may be attached, or incorporated, into any of the apparatus portions, or may be separate. 
     The markings or any type of feature or symbol used to give information may be made by any industry known method. Marking/s on portion  20  may be substituted for marking/s on portion  21  and vice versa. Markings may be on any apparatus portion, in any position. 
     In another alternative embodiment, the two or more portion apparatus  30 , may be positioned over, or on, a connector, or pipe, or portion of the connector, and position may be changed, or moved to allow contact with the desired point/s, on the connector, changeable characteristic, and/or fixed characteristic. The apparatus  30  may be shaped to allow contact with the relevant points. A direct reading of condition may be displayed. 
     In another alternative embodiment the apparatus  30  may consist of a portion  20  and a display  31  connected by connector  37  ( FIG. 18 ). Any reading may be displayed by any means including marking, indications, or by electronic means. The display, and/or marking/s, or indicator/s may be replaceable, and may be a separate portion. 
     In another alternative embodiment the apparatus  30  may have no display. The apparatus may record, and/or store, fitting information, fitting condition, fitting condition severity, and/or any apparatus information to be uploaded or downloaded at a later time. 
     In another alternative embodiment the apparatus may be positioned over a portion of the connector and/or the pipe ( FIG. 10C ,  FIG. 10D ,  FIG. 10E ,  FIG. 10F ). The apparatus  30 , may have a rod, and/or threaded bar, or any other type of connecting, or attachment, piece,  43 , and may allow movement, along the axis, of  43 , such as, for example, a circular or curved portion  20  to be rotated or slid until contact with the relevant connector point/s. Position change of  20  or  21 , until contact, may be by any means, including for example, by sliding, or rotation, until contact with a desired point/s. The apparatus may be shaped to allow contact with the relevant points only. A direct reading of condition may be displayed. 
     In another alternative embodiment the apparatus  30  may compromise a first portion, and a second portion. The first or second portions may have a marked visual display. The first or second portions may have a permanently attached or detachable electronic display  31  ( FIG. 8 ). The display may be wired or connected by another means such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or other connection means known in industry. Any portion of the apparatus  30  may have a means of communicating, with each other, or any another portion of the equipment, display, memory, storage medium, communication apparatus or any other type of electronic apparatus, communication may include, but not be limited to positional information, dimensional information, fitting condition, fitting details or any other relevant information. 
     The apparatus  30  may download, or upload, connector details, or any other information including but not limited to, condition, severity, connection details, location details, inspection details etc. The apparatus  30  may download or upload information to or from a database, cloud storage system, or other apparatus which may perform these functions. 
     The apparatus  30  may upload information regarding fitting types, tolerance information, or any other information, to allow connector condition to be displayed for differing connector types. The display may be connected to further equipment to download connector condition. 
     In another alternative embodiment, portion  20  of the apparatus  30  may have a condition indicator  27  for communication with a condition indicator  28  in the portion  21  ( FIG. 7 ) ( FIG. 14 ). Upon utilising the apparatus the indicators may align, or indicate, such that the condition of the connector may be displayed ( FIG. 14 ) ( FIG. 15 ). 
     The condition of the connector may also be displayed by monitoring the position, of the apparatus, for example, the amount of angle, distance, thickness, or movement information, of the apparatus. The apparatus may use any type of position, sensor known in industry, for example only, position, or rotation of the apparatus may be measured by any mechanical or electrical means known to industry such as, for example, an accelerometer, rotary encoder, optical encoder, hall effect sensor, stepper motor, grey coded disc, potentiometer, incremental encoder or resolver, incremental or absolute outputs, magnetic systems, for example. Position, rotation angle, distance, movement, thickness or any other feature of a device portion, may be utilised to determine fitting condition/s. Information may be displayed electronically, visually, audibly or by any other means, information may be displayed as a zone and marked on any portion of the apparatus  30 . Any apparatus information obtained, may be displayed electronically  31  ( FIG. 18 ) ( FIG. 19 ). Any apparatus information obtained, may be converted, by any means, into another form of information, for example condition and/or severity information. Known connector conditions may be used to pre-set the apparatus. Pre-setting may be by, uploading information, or by use of a reference or calibration piece/s  40  ( FIG. 14 ). Reference or calibration pieces may have known connector conditions present. 
     In this manner the apparatus may be used to determine fitting condition, 
     In one alternative embodiment, the apparatus may be pre-set for a known fitting type and configuration. 
     In another alternative embodiment, the apparatus may be pre-set for a known fitting condition and/or severity. 
     If the connector type is changed, for example the diameter of the fitting and pipe is different, the apparatus  30  may have a changeable piece  20  and  21  to allow the new connector type to be examined. The tolerance and condition information for the new connector type may be uploaded to the apparatus  30 , or a reference, or calibration piece, or any other type of piece to set connector information, may be used to set the tolerance and condition range  40  ( FIG. 13 ), or a differing shape component  20 , may be a pre-set shape, for the new connector type, with tolerance and condition information set by the shape of component  20  ( FIG. 18 ). 
     Calibration and reference piece/s may be used, to confirm the apparatus settings prior to use, and/or at regular intervals, calibration, or reference piece/s may be made from any material, and made by any method, known in industry, Calibration, or reference pieces, may be, actual fitting components, which represent the features to be measured, and/or specific fitting conditions. 
     The apparatus, may be checked, using the calibration or reference piece/s, for accuracy, drift over time, wear over time, damage, or any other condition, which may cause improper readings or display. 
     Condition markings on apparatus  30 , may be at a point, not aligned, with the portion  20  or  26  contact point with the connector, to aid reading of the connector condition (FIG. 14) 27, 28 and reduce human factor errors. 
     The apparatus may further comprise a feature  24 , to stop or at least mitigate damage, to the contact area  26  of the first portion  20  ( FIG. 7 ), damage to portion  20  or  26  may render the apparatus readings inaccurate or the apparatus unusable. 
     In one embodiment portion  21  ( FIG. 5 ) may be designed such that accidental damage which may occur during use such as damage from dropping the apparatus etc may be mitigated by the design of a lip, protrusion, grip or extension of the shape of the portion  21  such that the second portion configuration may extend in some areas past the contact point of the portion  20 , in this way dropping or accidental damage may occur to the portion  21  with no or mitigated damage to the portion  20  and the apparatus may still be used successfully. 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , a feature of portion  21 , may consist, of a circular or curved edge  24 , which may extend past the edge of the portion  20  when attached. 
     In another embodiment, portion  21  may have a gripping piece, or other configuration ( FIG. 4 )  29 , designed for the user to grip, and/or to protect the portion  20 , if dropped or damaged. 
     In another embodiment the apparatus may be made from any material known in industry, by any method known in industry, and may, be made from a material, which is less likely to suffer impact damage, and/or, may be made from a material, considered intrinsically safe. 
     In another embodiment the apparatus may be made from any material known in industry, which may not cause a spark, or other ignition source, when dropped, or impacted, or comes into contact with, another material, flammable gas, liquid or solid. 
     In another embodiment the apparatus may be made from a material known in industry which may withstand the environmental conditions to be encountered during use, such as outdoor conditions, wet conditions, contact with chemicals, liquids, contamination, hot/cold temperatures, abrasion etc. and remain unaffected. 
     The apparatus may be manufactured from any suitable material known in industry. The apparatus may be manufactured from any manufacturing method known in industry. 
     The pipe and connector may be referred to as a tube, or tubing, and/or small-bore tubing. The pipe may be suitable for the transportation of fluid or solid material. Whether the material is a gas, a liquid or a solid will typically depend on temperature and/or pressure of the material. The material may form a portion of a multiphase transport system. The fluid may be a hydrocarbon, for example natural gas or crude oil. The pipe and/or connector may be made of metal, or any another material known in industry, including plastic materials. Plastic materials may include polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), fibre reinforced plastic (FRP), reinforced polymer mortar (RPMP), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), cross-linked high-density polyethylene (PEX), polybutylene (PB), and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), for example. 
     In use, the pipe typically passes through the axis of the connector. 
     In use, the apparatus may be used to determine fitting condition and severity. The apparatus may determine fitting condition and severity from any variety of apparatus information gained. The information, for example, typically may be the position change, or rotation angle of the apparatus or apparatus portion/s. The information may be the dimensions of the apparatus portion/s. The information may be the amount of apparatus portion/s movement. The information may be the apparatus portion/s movement along an axis, or along a circumference or arc. The condition of the connector may be determined by comparing information from the apparatus with pre-known and/or pre-set conditions, or determined at a later time by another means. 
     It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be used with any conveniently available form of information. 
     The apparatus, comparison method, and display may be chosen to suit the particular application. The apparatus is normally a relatively small, portable, handheld apparatus, which may provide information, regarding the condition of a connector. 
     The apparatus may be portable, that is the apparatus is typically hand held and/or moveable between many different pipes, pipe fittings and connection types. 
     The apparatus may be particularly adapted to the inspection of critical connectors made of any material. High and medium pressure pipe and pipe fittings are typically made of metal. 
     The apparatus may be periodically calibrated with a portion or piece/s with known conditions or representative known conditions. The portion may be known as a calibration or reference portion or piece/s. 
     The apparatus may be referred to as an inspection apparatus. The apparatus may be used to inspect the integrity of a joint between two sections of pipe, or between a section of pipe and a fitting at one end of the pipe, or between any other type mechanical connector known in industry. The apparatus may be used to determine if there is a proper connection between the pipe and the pipe fitting. The apparatus may be used to assess the integrity of a pipe fitting without disassembling the pipe fitting from the pipe. The apparatus may be used to determine the condition of the connection when the end of the pipe is inside the pipe connection. 
     The apparatus may be also be used to assess the integrity of other types of mechanical connector/s, in other types of materials, that may be connected, in particular bolted connections, hose connections, medical tube connections etc that may be incorrectly connected, or may vary with incorrect connection, or may vary with use, damage, deterioration, or any other condition during use. 
     The apparatus may also be used to determine that any type of connection and connector/s that are in use or in-service are in a satisfactory condition, and correctly connected. 
     The pipe fitting may be secured to an end of a section of pipe using a nut and ferrule/s. The nut is normally used to compress the ferrule/s onto the pipe and thereby secure the ferrule/s to the pipe. The pipe and ferrule/s are located in the fitting and the nut used to hold the ferrule and therefore also the pipe in the fitting. The number, position, and orientation of the ferrule/s on the pipe is a factor in determining the proper connection, sealing and pressure ratings between the pipe and the pipe fitting. 
     Incorrect fitment of the ferrule/s, missing or reversed ferrule/s at the end of the pipe, a reversed back ferrule in a two ferrule system, and/or the incorrect thread engagement of the nut with the pipe fitting, mixed manufacturers fitting components assembled together, metric and imperial components assembled together, overtight, under tight, finger tight, connections and/or severity of the conditions, may also be assessed, using the apparatus, according to the first aspect of the present invention. 
     The apparatus may be calibrated using a pipe having a known condition, and/or pipe and pipe fittings that have been correctly or incorrectly connected together, and/or a portion or piece that represents the conditions. The apparatus may be connected to a display, output apparatus, or other electronic apparatus, or may be read by another apparatus, to generate an output, for example an image, audible or visual output. The apparatus information may be stored by any means for use at a later time. 
     The apparatus may be used to determine connection condition between a fixed characteristic of any connector and a changeable characteristic of any connector or connector secondary portions. The apparatus portion/s may be the same during inspection of similar types and sizes of connectors and may be changed, replaced, or a different apparatus design, used for different types, diameters, and/or sizes, or configurations, of connectors. The apparatus design to contact, locate, grip, change position, or rotate etc will typically vary when the portions of pipe and pipe fittings have different dimensions, external diameters and shapes. 
     The apparatus of the present invention may be a non-destructive test to determine the mechanical connection condition of a pipe within a pipe fitting even when there is fluid, solid or gas in the pipe. There may therefore be no need to purge the pipe or system comprising the pipe or disassemble any components of the system to undertake the test. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an exemplary apparatus component design  21 , which has a gripping portion  29 , a shape  23 , to allow location of the component  21 , to fit the surface features of the component that  21  is to be positioned upon, a further shape  39  to guide the component  21  to the surface to be positioned upon, and a means of attaching  21  to another apparatus portion/s  37 . 
     In  FIG. 2 , an exemplary apparatus assembly  30  may further include a shaped portion  20  movement of which causes the portion to contact a fixed characteristic feature of the connector  33  or a changeable characteristic feature of the connector  32  ( FIG. 9A ). The illustrated shaped portion  20  may include a feature  26 , which allows  20  to move, along axis L 1  ( FIG. 9B ), by change of position of  20 , for example, rotation of  20 . In  FIG. 2  the preferred method of movement is position change, by rotation of portion  20  by a square thread feature, However many methods or configurations may be used to move  20  to contact, including, but not limited to, for example, a trapezoidal form, any other thread feature, a shaped piece such as  44  ( FIG. 16 ), or any other example ( FIG. 18 ) ( FIG. 10C-F ), it will be appreciated that portion  20 , many be any shape, or configuration depending upon, connector configuration, apparatus configuration, sensitivity required, access to the connector, indicator or display method, and many other considerations. Portion  20  may also have marking/s or indicator/s  27 , to indicate connector condition and severity ( FIG. 2 ) ( FIG. 7 ) ( FIG. 14 ), and means of attaching another portion or portions  37 . However, the shaped portion  20  may take any form and may include any number of features for example, to allow movement, location, sensitivity, number of connector conditions to be examined, and fitment to a variety of connector types and sizes and other apparatus portions. 
       FIG. 2A  illustrates a three dimensional view of an exemplary apparatus shaped portion  20 , change of position or movement of which causes the portion to contact the connector  33  or connector second portion  32  ( FIG. 9A ) with a differing design of feature  26 , and a stop feature  41 . 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a further exemplary apparatus assembly shaped portion  21 , the illustrated shaped portion  21 , includes a gripping feature  29 , a differing configuration feature  23 , to locate the pipe or connector, and hold, or lock, the apparatus  30  more firmly in position, a change of shape or thickness  22 , to reduce movement of the apparatus  30 , whilst in use, illustrating how the shaped portion  21  may take any form and may include any number of features to allow position change, movement, location and fitment to a variety of connector types and sizes and other apparatus portions. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a further exemplary apparatus assembly shaped portion  21 , The illustrated shaped portion  21 , includes a gripping feature  29 , a shaped protrusion that may be provided in many different configurations, including, for example, a ridge, shoulder, or projection,  24 , to allow some protection to portion  20  when attached, a shape, which may form a gap,  25 , to allow manual operation of the apparatus, further illustrating how the shaped portion  21  may take any form and may include any number of features to allow position change, movement, location, and fitment to a variety of connector types and sizes and other apparatus portions. 
       FIG. 4A  illustrates further views of shaped portion  21 , showing a further configuration of  23  (chamfered, curved or rounded edges for example) which allows the portion  21  to be located without any interference from connector or connector secondary features, such as, for example, threads, radiused corners, edges or any other feature, dependent upon connector type and configuration. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a further exemplary apparatus assembly shaped portion  21 , the illustrated shaped portion  21 , may include a raised portion protection feature  24 , to allow shaped portion  20 , to fit within the shaped portion  21 , the raised portion feature further illustrating how the shaped portion  21  may take any form and may include any number of features to allow position, movement, location, protection and fitment to a variety of connector types and sizes and other apparatus portions. 
       FIG. 6 , illustrates an exemplary apparatus assembly that includes a shaped portion  21  attached to portion  20  by means of an attachment  37 . The apparatus may be gripped by  29  which may be detachable or adjustable. Position change, or movement, of  20 , allows  26 , the edge of portion  20 , to contact a point, surface, face, or feature of the fixed connector characteristic  33 , or a point, surface, face, or feature of a changeable connector characteristic  32  ( FIG. 9A ). 
       FIG. 7 , illustrates an exemplary apparatus assembly, consisting of a shaped portion  21 , with a shaped grip  29 , a protrusion  24 , an area, or gap  25 , to allow position change or rotation of portion  20 , or edge  26  if a differing design type is utilised, a shaped area  23  to accurately locate, and grip, the pipe  34 , connector  33 , or connector secondary piece  32  ( FIG. 9A ), a section of varying thickness or shape  22  and a means of indication  28 . Shaped portion  21  is attached to a further shaped portion  20  by means of an attachment  37 , shaped portion  20  is marked with connector condition and severity markings  27 . The shaped edge area  26  of portion  20  is protected by a protrusion  24 . The apparatus  30  may conveniently be realized in the form of a tool, such as a hand-held tool, the apparatus is portable and may be used at a wide variety of different locations to evaluate fitting connector characteristics. 
       FIG. 8 , illustrates an exemplary apparatus assembly  30 , with an electronic display attached  31 , the electronic display may be permanent, or detachable, the electronic display may also be attached to any portion of the apparatus  30 , or form a portion of the apparatus  30 , the electronic display may, be remote from the apparatus, connected by cable, or connected by any other connection means known in industry such a Bluetooth for example, apparatus information may be displayed at a later time, by any another means. 
       FIG. 9A  illustrates a pipe  34  inserted into a connector body  33  connected by means of a nut  32 . 
       FIG. 9B  illustrates a partial section view of an assembled connector showing the internal features and position/s of pipe  34 , connector body  33 , nut  32 , rear ferrule  35 , and front ferrule  36 , axial length L 1  is indicated. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates an exemplary apparatus assembly  30 , configured to fit, and locate on, a connector assembly, the connector assembly has restrictions such as threads, radiused corners etc  38  which may occur on the fitting body  33 , or fitting nut  32 , the apparatus is located at a fixed connector characteristic  33  (fitting body), and the apparatus component  20  is moved, and changes position until  26  contacts  32  a changeable characteristic of the connector. The fitting condition and severity may then be determined. 
       FIG. 10A  illustrates an exemplary apparatus assembly  30 , positioned on a fitting assembly, the exemplary apparatus assembly  30 , has an additional component  42 , which may be a display of any type, and allow portion  20  or  26  to change position independently, or may change position with portion  20  or  26 . 
       FIG. 10B  illustrates an exemplary apparatus assembly  30 , positioned on a fitting assembly, in another possible location, the apparatus is located at a changeable connector characteristic  32  (fitting nut), and the position of apparatus component  20 , is changed until  26 , contacts a fixed characteristic  33 . 
       FIG. 10C  illustrates an exemplary apparatus assembly  30 , positioned on a fitting assembly, in another possible location, the apparatus is located on a pipe  34 , at a changeable characteristic  32 , (fitting nut), and the apparatus component position,  20 , is moved, until  26 , contacts  33  a fixed characteristic. 
       FIG. 10D  illustrates an exemplary apparatus assembly  30 , positioned on a fitting assembly, in another possible configuration, the apparatus is located on a pipe  34 , at a changeable characteristic  32 , (fitting nut), and the apparatus component position  20 , is changed, along the axis of  43 , until  20 , contacts  33  a fixed characteristic. 
       FIG. 10E  illustrates an exemplary apparatus assembly  30 , positioned on a fitting assembly, in another possible configuration and location, the apparatus, is located on, a fitting body  33 , a fixed connector characteristic, the apparatus component position  20 , is moved along the axis of the fitting body, by means of  43 , until  20 , contacts  32  a changeable connector characteristic. 
       FIG. 10F  illustrates an exemplary apparatus assembly  30 , positioned on a fitting assembly, in another possible configuration and location, the apparatus, is located on, a fitting body  33 , a fixed connector characteristic, the apparatus component position  20 , is moved along the axis of the fitting body, by means of travel along  43 , until  20 , contacts  32  a changeable connector characteristic. 
       FIG. 11  illustrates an exemplary apparatus assembly  30 . 
       FIG. 12  illustrates an exemplary apparatus assembly  30 , with a different shape of feature  26 . 
       FIG. 13  illustrates an exemplary apparatus assembly  30 , with a stop design  41 , the apparatus is located on a calibration or reference piece  40 . 
       FIG. 14  illustrates an exemplary apparatus assembly  30 , located on a calibration or reference piece  40 , whereas component  21 , is located on a fixed characteristic of the connector  33 , (a fitting body), component  20  position has changed, relative to component  21  (by rotation for example), component  20 , feature  26 , has now come into contact with a changeable characteristic  32 , of the connector (the fitting nut), the connector condition may now be determined by alignment of condition feature and severity marking/s  27 , with indicator mark  28 . 
       FIG. 15  illustrates an exemplary apparatus assembly  30 , located upon a connector piece with a different configuration  46 , illustrating the apparatus design, to accurately measure, in small areas, which may be restricted, provide a simplified display, and avoid component or access difficulties that would exclude conventional measuring equipment or render conventional measuring equipment inaccurate. 
       FIG. 16  illustrates an exemplary apparatus assembly  30 , positioned on a fitting assembly, in another possible configuration and location, the apparatus, is located on, a fitting body  33 , a fixed connector characteristic, the apparatus component  20 , position is changed axially along the length of the fitting body by means of attachment to component  44 , by changing position, by means of rotation, component  20 , contacts  32  a changeable connector characteristic. 
       FIG. 17  illustrates an exemplary apparatus assembly  30 , of more than two pieces, positioned on a fitting assembly, in another possible configuration and location, the apparatus, is located on, a fitting body  33 , a fixed connector characteristic, the component  20  possible feature  26 , position is changed axially along the length of the fitting body by means of rotation of component  20 , component  42  may be a display of any type, and allow  20  or  26  to change position independently, for example, by means of rotation, component  20  or  26 , may contact  32  a changeable connector characteristic. 
       FIG. 18  illustrates an exemplary apparatus assembly apparatus  30 , in a two piece assembly, with component  20 , connected to a display  31 , a second component, by means of an attachment  37 . Component  20  position may change relative to display  31 .  FIG. 18  also illustrates for example only, some alternate configuration types of the apparatus pieces, according to the present invention. It will be appreciated that the apparatus component/s, position/s, may be changed, or varied, by any means, from any point, and may be of any configuration, type, shape, number of pieces, and may be made from any material, by any method known in industry. For example only component  20  may be, a partial circle, or segment shape, which may be moved in arc. 
       FIG. 19  illustrates an exemplary apparatus assembly  30 , of more than two pieces, positioned on a fitting assembly, in another possible configuration and location, the apparatus, is located at a fitting nut  32 , a changeable connector characteristic, the apparatus component  20 , position is changed axially along the length of the fitting body by means of rotation of component  20 , component  31 , in this example, is an electronic display, which in this example, is supplying an indication of rotation angle, however  31  may be a display of any type, of any feature, or condition, or condition severity, component  29  is a gripping piece which may be, of any shape, and may be detachable. 
       FIG. 20  illustrates an example exemplary apparatus assembly  30 , showing the force direction when the apparatus  30  design is used. 
       FIG. 21  illustrates an example exemplary apparatus assembly  30 , of a differing design, showing the forces created that are used to aid placement and accuracy of the exemplary apparatus assembly  30   
       FIG. 22  illustrates example, possible shapes and configuration of component  22 . 
       FIG. 23  illustrates a disassembled variation of the tool whereby a front sub-component  121  of the first component is covered by a RF signal blocking material such as foil  210 . The foil  210  has an aperture or window  200  formed therein. In the illustrated example, the aperture  200  is rectangular in shape and located proximate the connection axis  137 . The second component  120  comprises a series of RFID tags  230  attached thereto at locations corresponding to different predetermined connection conditions, as explained below. The RFID tags  230  are distributed circumferentially around the connection axis  137  at a radial position lying inwardly of its peripheral edge portion  126 . A rear sub-component  300  of the first component is also covered by a RF signal blocking foil  210  having a rectangular aperture  200  formed therein proximate a connection axis  137 . 
       FIG. 24  illustrates the parts described above in relation to  FIG. 23  in a partially assembled condition whereby the second component  120  is attached to the front sub-component  121  at the connection axis  137  such that the RFID tags  230  face toward, and are rotationally alignable with, the rectangular aperture  200  formed within the foil  210 . 
       FIG. 25  illustrates the parts described above in relation to  FIGS. 23 and 24  in their fully assembled condition whereby the rear sub-component  300  is connected to front sub-component  121  at the connection axis  137  to thereby sandwich (see  FIG. 26 ) the second component  120  between the two sub-components  121 ,  300 . In doing so, the respective apertures  200  within the foil  210  on each sub-component  121 ,  300  are aligned in the axial direction; and the foil-covered surfaces  210  face toward one another. 
     It will be appreciated that the front and rear sub-components  121 ,  300  may be provided with physical apertures to allow transmission of RF signals. For example, this would be necessary if the front and rear sub-components  121 ,  300  were to be formed of a material—such as metal—that inherently blocks RF signals. In such a circumstance, the physical aperture may be filled with a physical barrier material to protect the underlying RFID tags; however the physical barrier material would permit RF signal transmission. 
     One or both of the fitting body, nut and any other components may be replaced by another fitting body and/or nut or any other components when the pipe is assembled. Threaded components may include, for example, the body and nut of a fitting. It should be noted that many of the inventive aspects described herein may also be applied to any other pipe connectors involving, for example, clamping and/or compressing components (as opposed to threaded components), other manually installed apparatus, or compressing of a pipe connector by pull-up of a fitting. The present apparatus, method and display contemplates evaluation, verification, or inspection of an installed pipe connector on a pipe after the pipe connector is installed on the pipe. The evaluation, verification, or inspection may occur after the assembly has been completed and the installed pipe connector is in service or has been in service for a period of time, at any location. 
     The present apparatus may be used to evaluate, verify, and inspect, installed connectors, and/or to verify installer competence. 
     While various inventive aspects, concepts and features of the inventions may be described and illustrated herein as embodied in combination in the exemplary embodiments, these various aspects, concepts and features may be used in many alternative embodiments, either individually or in various combinations and sub-combinations thereof. Unless expressly excluded herein all such combinations and sub-combinations are intended to be within the scope of the present inventions. Still further, while various alternative embodiments as to the various aspects, concepts and features of the inventions—such as alternative materials, structures, configurations, methods, circuits, apparatus and components, software, hardware, control logic, alternatives as to form, fit and function, and so on—may be described herein, such descriptions are not intended to be a complete or exhaustive list of available alternative embodiments, whether presently known or later developed. Those skilled in the art may readily adopt one or more of the inventive aspects, concepts or features into additional embodiments and uses within the scope of the present inventions even if such embodiments are not expressly disclosed herein. 
     Additionally, even though some features, concepts or aspects of the inventions may be described herein as being a preferred arrangement or method, such description is not intended to suggest that such feature is required or necessary unless expressly so stated. Still further, exemplary or representative values and ranges may be included to assist in understanding the present disclosure, however, such values and ranges are not to be construed in a limiting sense and are intended to be critical values or ranges only if so expressly stated. Moreover, while various aspects, features and concepts may be expressly identified herein as being inventive or forming a portion of an invention, such identification is not intended to be exclusive, but rather there may be inventive aspects, concepts and features that are fully described herein without being expressly identified as such or as portion of a specific invention. Descriptions of exemplary methods or processes are not limited to inclusion of all steps as being required in all cases, nor is the order that the steps are presented to be construed as required or necessary unless expressly so stated. 
     The exemplary apparatus  30  may include a, fitting condition reference feature shown at  27 . According to an inventive aspect of the present application, the fitting condition reference feature  27  may be positioned such that the fitting condition reference feature  27  corresponds to a position, or rotation angle or distance (or range of angles or distances) that the apparatus  30  component/s has changed position, or has been rotated, or moved between a moveable connector characteristic  32 , and a fixed connector characteristic  33 , on the fitting, which will correspond to a length or lengths along axis L 1  ( FIG. 9A ). The position/s of the fitting condition reference feature  27  may be pre-determined prior to use of the apparatus  30  using calibration or reference piece/s. The fitting condition may also be displayed electronically  31 ,  42 . The axial distance or range of distances L 1  may correspond to acceptable or unacceptable fitting conditions as determined by calibration or reference pieces/s. The apparatus portion  20  may take a wide variety of different forms, and for example, may include a stop, a tapered surface, and may be fixed or moveable between a predetermined range of position/s. In one exemplary embodiment, the portion  20  is a unitary structure that includes both the contact feature  26  and the condition reference feature  27 . 
     The condition reference feature  27 , may be detachable and/or replaceable, and may be provided in many different forms, configurations, and may provide for many different types of evaluation, verification, or inspection of axial position, L 1 . As one example, the condition reference feature  27  may include a visible marking, projection or other such feature that provides a visible indication of the condition of the fitting, when aligned with the indication or indicator  28  ( FIG. 7 ), allows the user to visually determine the fitting assembly condition. 
     As still another example, the apparatus  30  may include a mechanical or electrical gauging mechanism, such as, for example, an electrical switch, sensor, or other such electrical mechanism that generates an electrical signal to provide an indication of the condition of the fitting assembly. The apparatus  30 , may be configured to generate an electrical signal that indicates the position, or rotation angle, or dimension, of component  20 , or any component of the apparatus  30 , which corresponds to the axial position, L 1  of the fitting assembly. Any electronic, mechanical or any other type of interface or connection as known by industry to measure, position, or rotation angle, or dimension for example may be used to determine or measure the position, of component  20 , or any other apparatus component, in relation to component  21 , or any other apparatus component, a visible or audible indication of the position, based on the information received may be provided. The information received may also be in electronic form. For example analogue sensors, digital sensors that provide outputs at predetermined displacement intervals and/or time intervals, and multiple discrete switches arranged to sense multiple position/s of any apparatus component, with respect to any another component, or with respect to any electronic apparatus used may be considered to be sensors. Any type of sensor capable of changing states when an apparatus component changes position or reaches a predetermined position, relative to any another component of the apparatus, including a display, or any other, connected, component for example, a position, or rotation counter may be used. Any type of sensor that is capable of changing states when a component changes position, for example, pre-determined angle, dimension or position, may be used. For example a linear variable displacement transducer may be used, analogue sensors, digital sensors that provide outputs at predetermined displacement intervals and/or time intervals, and multiple discrete switches arranged to sense multiple position/s of the apparatus components may be used. 
     The output apparatus used may take a wide variety of different forms. The output apparatus may be a single apparatus that outputs a signal. The output signal/s may take any form/s. The output signal(s) may be for example, digital, visual, audible or any signals that indicate to a user of the apparatus whether or not the fitting has been correctly assembled. The output signal(s) may be wired or wireless signals. 
     The invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments. Modifications and alterations will occur to others upon a reading and understanding of this document. It is intended to include all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of this document. 
     Modifications and improvements may be incorporated herein without departing from the scope of the invention. 
     Summary of Invention Advantages and Use 
     It will be appreciated that the apparatus may take many multiple forms and designs as described elsewhere within this document, for example only, and explanation of some features only, a description is provided of the apparatus  30 , shown in  FIG. 7 , which may be placed on the fitting  33  in the position shown in  FIG. 10 . Further detailed information can be found within this document and the attached figures. 
     The apparatus  30 , may be placed onto the fitting body  33 , aside the fitting nut  32 , as shown in ( FIG. 10 ) by means of the slot  23  in the apparatus ( FIG. 7 ). The edge  26 , of the circular shape  20 , is now in the space as shown in  FIG. 10 . Upon rotation of  20 , the face  26 , starts to contact the required measurement area, on the fitting nut, as  26  has an increasing thickness upon rotation. The apparatus is moved into the correct position as described below, until  20  may not be rotated further, and face  26  is now in contact with the fitting nut, at this point, the pre-set display  27 , aligns with the fitting condition indicator mark  28 , the fitting condition may now be read from the display. The various fitting conditions and display have already been pre-set by using known values. Upon reading the condition, the user, then rotates  20 , in the opposite direction to release the apparatus, which may then be removed. (information as to how the apparatus may indicate fitting condition by measuring very accurately the length of L 1   FIG. 9B  has already been described above). 
     Description of Actions which May Occur During Use: 
     Referring to  FIG. 7 , the portion  21 , has a shape  23 , a slot, which allows easy location, and contact, with the fitting body. A slot, in this example, allows the apparatus to locate on the fitting quickly, accurately, tightly, and with minimum movement, during inspection. The user may slightly misalign the apparatus upon initial placement, the slot corners being shaped, or rounded, allows a wider gape at the outer edge of the slot, which narrows, as the slot deepens further. Upon initial placement of the apparatus, the fitting is initially at the wider end of the slot, and as the apparatus is placed further onto the fitting, it is guided into the narrower slot area, where it is more firmly held. The slot also has a chamfered area, around the slot periphery ( FIG. 4A ), to allow portion  21 , to be placed against the face of the fitting body  33  ( FIG. 10 ), without portion  21 , contacting any threads, radiused corners etc which could interfere with the apparatus, and give a false reading. 
     During use, the component  20 , is rotated and may create a force, at the point where the edge  26 , of component  20 , contacts the measurement face of nut  32  ( FIG. 20 ). The force may cause the apparatus to push out of the fitting, and/or the apparatus position to change, or come off, the measurement face (indicated by the upwards arrow in  FIG. 20 ), leading to a false reading, or the user being unable to obtain a reading. In  FIG. 7 , the slot design is shown at approximately ninety five degrees to the  FIG. 20  design (other angles may be used). The force created, that tries to push the apparatus away from the measurement area, as per the  FIG. 20  design, may not now force the apparatus away. The slot design now uses the force created, to pull the opposite end of the slot, tighter onto the fitting body (indicated by the upwards arrow in  FIG. 21 ), furthermore the force created, as  20  is rotated, in the direction of the slot bottom (in this case anti-clockwise), and starts to contact the fitting nut face, is now used to guide and force the apparatus further into the fitting, (indicated by the rightwards pointing arrow positioned at the slot  FIG. 21 ) when  20  stops and may not be rotated any further, the apparatus is now positioned, with the fitting at the back of the slot, being held firmly in the correct position for measurement, also the face  26 , and portion  21 , ( FIG. 10 ) are now also held firmly, in the correct positions, for measurement, the angled slot design as shown in  FIG. 7 , ensures that any force created during use of the apparatus, is used to ensure the fitting, is positioned to the back of the slot, and the apparatus is held and/or ‘locked’, firmly in place, on the fitting, thus ensuring the fitting is held tightly, in the correct position, at the correct angle for measurement, allowing a highly accurate measurement and overcoming some of the conventional measurement equipment issues. 
     Component  21 , also has a thicker shaped section  22 , shown in  FIG. 7  and in  FIG. 10 , the thicker section is designed to fill more completely the area between the fitting body, and fitting nut, to further reduce any apparatus movement during use. Section  22  may be any shape, any may take any form, for example, if the material used for component  21 , is malleable, such as some metals, then  22 , may take the form of a bent, or twisted edge, to again fill more completely the area. Alternatively  22  may be, an additional piece, such as a spring leaf, or clip, such that when the apparatus is inserted onto the fitting body, the spring leaf is contacted, and holds the apparatus steady ( FIG. 22  shows some example shapes or configurations of section or piece  22 ). 
     Referring to  FIG. 7 , component  21 , has a partial protection lip  24 , around some of the periphery, to protect the edge  26 , of the circular component  20 , from accidental damage. The edge  26 , if damaged, could give false readings, or render the apparatus unusable. The protection lip is not present in the slot area  23 , as this would interfere with the apparatus operation, the slot design provides protection in this area. The protection lip is also not present in area  25 , to allow the user to rotate the circular shape  20 , by hand. Although the edge  26 , is not protected by the lip at area  25 , the grip design  29 , is long enough, such that if dropped accidently in this area, the grip design, along with the partial lip area, will contact any surface, before the exposed edge  26 , this design offers some protection to the edge  26 , from damage, such as dropping the apparatus etc. 
     The apparatus also has a gripping shape  29 , for the user to grip the apparatus.  29  may be detachable, or adjustable, to allow the apparatus to access tight, or restricted areas. 
     The component  21 , has an indicator  28 , which indicates relevant information, when the apparatus is in use. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7 , component  20 , is attached to component  21 , by means of an attachment  37 . Component  20  has a pre-determined diameter. The contact areas, on the fitting nut, and fitting body, may be very small areas, which are offset to each other, therefore the circular component  20  diameter, has been pre-determined, to only allow contact in the area required, and not contact any threads, or radiused corners etc. which could interfere, or give a false reading. (Refer to  FIG. 9B  cross section to view contact face required on fitting nut and threads and corners which could give a false reading for this particular type of connector).  FIG. 15  shows a different configuration connector with very small contact faces on the fitting body, offset to the contact faces on the fitting nut. Component  20  may also have a stop  41 , ( FIG. 2A ,  FIG. 13 ), after use, the user will rotate component  20  until the stop is reached, the component  20 , may not then be physically be rotated any further, the stop now indicates to the user, that the thinnest edge of the component  20 , is at the position where the apparatus may be easily removed, and/or replaced, onto another fitting. The stop may also serve, as a reference or ‘zero’ point, when setting a digital display. Referring to  FIG. 2A  and  FIG. 10 , component  20  may also, have an edge  26 , which changes position, upon rotation, allowing the edge of component  20 , to contact the fitting nut, in this example, a shape such as  FIG. 2A  is used (many shapes may also cause  20  to change position,  20  may also change position by means of another method, and may also have no change of shape at the edge). When component  20  is rotated, the position of edge  26 , comes into contact with the fitting nut face, and may be moved no further, at this point, the fitting condition information, may be read from the marked areas,  27 , on the face of  20 , which align with,  28  on component  21  (Refer to  FIG. 7  and  FIG. 14 ). Due to difficulty in reading any markings or indications at the actual area where  26  contacts the fitting nut, the indication and display are placed at any area on the apparatus, which is easier for the user to read, in this case, opposite the contact area. 
     The marked areas  27  in  FIG. 14 , indicate fitting condition, the marking and/or indications may indicate any information gained from using the apparatus, for example, the dimension of the gap, the thickness of the apparatus in the contact area, the position change of any piece, the rotation angle, the movement, or dimension change of any component of the apparatus. 
     With respect to the variation of the apparatus shown in  FIGS. 23 to 26 , it will be appreciated that a measurement and/or an indication of one or more predetermined connection conditions may be read remotely from the tool on an electronic device such a mobile telephone. In use, the operation of the tool is no different than that already described above insofar as the second component  120  is rotated until its peripheral surface, and a surface of the first component  121  contact against respective surfaces of fixed and adjustable fitting parts of a mechanical joint or pipe fitting to be evaluated. 
     However, rather than providing marked indicia  27  on the tool itself as shown in  FIG. 14 , the relevant information is readable via the remote electronic device by means of contactless communication technology, such as near-field communication (NFC) or radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology. For example, each radio-frequency (RF) target in the form of RFID tags  230  provided on the second component is either concealed behind the opposing foil surfaces  210 , or is visible within the apertures  200 . An RF initiator in the form of a mobile telephone is capable only of detecting any RF target which is exposed within the aligned apertures  200 . Any other RF targets are blocked by virtue of being sandwiched between the opposing foil surfaces  210 . It will therefore be appreciated that each RF target RFID tag can be individually programmed to hold information representative of a measurement and/or a predetermined connection condition correlating to its circumferential position on the second component when the first and second components each establish contact with surfaces of fixed and adjustable fitting parts of the fitting. 
     Advantages 
     Conventional measuring equipment would normally contact and measure across the faces, with a very small contact point, the conventional measuring equipment is not accurate enough, difficult and/or impossible to get into the small areas to be measured, to position at the correct points, (which may be offset), to avoid any threads or radiused corners etc, and for the user to hold the measuring equipment, exactly square and steady to the measurement points during measurement, to determine very small tolerances (in some cases 0.08 mm—the width of a sheet of paper is the tolerance band), accurate reliable, repeatable, measurement has proved impossible. The measurement may also be taking place in a field environment, outdoors at heights in restricted areas with restricted movement, tight positions, limited access for the user and any measuring equipment etc. The invention apparatus contacts along the faces to be measured, rather than across the faces as per conventional measuring equipment. This has a number of advantages, for example, with the contact area being along the faces, when using the apparatus, as the apparatus components come into contact with the measurement faces to be measured, the force during use, positions and holds the apparatus at the correct angle, in the correct position, for measurement. The greater contact area allows the apparatus to more accurately measure, as the measurement is taken from a larger surface area averaging any small differences, the rotational force applied to the apparatus during measurement allows the components better contact, if a conventional apparatus was used a greater force leads to errors (as previously described above). Furthermore the apparatus when used actually locks and holds in the correct position, at the correct angle for measurement, with the fitting condition displayed. The user may let go of the apparatus and the apparatus will stay in this position, this may allow the user to fit the apparatus by hand into tight or restricted spaces, even when the apparatus is not visible and then change position to view the apparatus display which may be visible from a different position. The apparatus allows accurate, reliable, repeatable measurements to determine connector condition which has previously proved impossible. 
     The apparatus may also measure for example, position change, rotation angle, the circumferential position and/or distance moved by component  20  or any other position change. By using the rotation angle, or the circumference, the apparatus is more sensitive than conventional measuring equipment, to the very small dimensional changes and tolerances that may occur, due to the differing fitting conditions. (as previously described above). 
     The apparatus components may also be changed to alter sensitivity, including changing shape, or thickness for example (as previously described above), this means that any condition required to be determined, may have a differing sensitivity and tolerance, and/or a differing display area, all set on the same apparatus component if required. 
     The apparatus display also reduces human factor errors, which are a major contributor to incorrectly made fitting assemblies, and also reduces human inputs and the number of steps required in the inspection process (as previously described above). 
     With respect to the variation of the apparatus shown in  FIGS. 23 to 26 , it will be appreciated that the use of near-field communication (NFC) obviates the need for any power supply or batteries within the tool itself which advantageously obviates the need for certain associated regulatory approvals. Reading information remotely on, for example, a mobile telephone may be particularly advantageous if the tool is used within restricted spaces. The information is easy to read and thus human error and discomfort is eliminated or at least reduced. Use of an electronic device also facilitates easy transfer of information between devices and/or upload to a server or database for further analysis or processing.