Patent Publication Number: US-2022220398-A1

Title: Organic material gasification system, and carbonization furnace and gasification furnace used therefor

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/JP2020/036611, filed Sep. 28, 2020, which claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-183273, filed Oct. 3, 2019, the disclosures of which applications are hereby incorporated by reference here in their entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a carbonization furnace that carbonizes an organic material such as biomass or plastic (particularly, organic waste) to generate a carbide, to a gasification furnace that efficiently generates hydrogen and other various gases from the carbide, and to an organic material gasification system that gasifies the organic material such as biomass using the carbonization furnace and the gasification furnace, to generate electricity or energy such as hydrogen gas or ethanol. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     In order to protect the natural environment and maintain the limited nature, the reuse of useful resources such as organic waste from animals, plants, and the like in the natural world and organic waste from a raw material such as petroleum has been underway in various fields. For example, a system that carbonizes biomass to extract various gases from a carbide of the biomass, a biomass power generation system that generates electricity using water gas extracted in such a manner, or the like is one example of the reuse. In addition, organic waste such as plastic, chemical fibers, or films generated from crude oil is also a cause of various environmental pollutions, and a system capable of effectively using organic waste such as plastic is also desired. 
     An organic material such as biomass or plastic can be gasified and converted into a useful substance such as hydrogen gas or ethanol that can be used as energy. In addition, gasified generated gas can be effectively used as fuel to generate electricity. Therefore, a system that extracts a useful substance from such organic waste and converts the substance into gas, electric energy, or the like effectively uses organic waste that has been treated as waste in the related art, and significantly contributes to the construction of a recycling society. As such a system, a biomass carbonization system (Patent Document 1) that generates water gas by carbonizing an organic material and generates electricity using the water gas, a biomass power generation system (Patent Document 2), or the like has been proposed. 
     CITATION LIST 
     Patent Document 
     
         
         Patent Document 1: WO 2016/104371 A 
         Patent Document 2: JP 2017-132676 A 
       
    
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Problem to be Solved by the Invention 
     In the techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, a carbonization furnace and a gasification furnace are separated from each other, an organic material such as wood (biomass) is carbonized by the carbonization furnace, and the gasification furnace generates water gas from a carbide generated in the carbonization furnace. 
     A heat storage tank having a cylindrical shape is provided inside the carbonization furnace, and the biomass that is a raw material is input from an upper portion of the carbonization furnace. In order to raise temperature inside the carbonization furnace to high temperature, a part of the biomass input to a combustion region is combusted. A region below the combustion region is a carbonization region, and is maintained in a state where the temperature is high and oxygen is deficient (hereinafter, referred to as an “oxygen deficient state”) without oxygen supplied. The remaining biomass is carbonized in the carbonization region. 
     In the carbonization furnace for biomass disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the temperature inside the carbonization furnace is maintained at high temperature by combusting a part of the input biomass, and a carbide is generated from the biomass by exposing the biomass to a state where the temperature is a high temperature of approximately 800° C. and oxygen is deficient. For this reason, it is desirable that the amount of the biomass to be consumed as fuel is reduced to improve the ratio of the generated carbide to the input organic material (hereinafter, referred to as a carbonization efficiency), the quality of the carbide is improved, and the carbonization speed is raised. 
     In addition, the gasification furnace that generates useful gases such as water gas from the carbide requires high heat energy for gasification reaction. For this reason, in order to promote the gasification reaction, heat energy needs to be efficiently supplied to a reactor inside the gasification furnace. Since a pyrolyzer (corresponding to a gasification furnace) for carbide disclosed in Patent Document 1 or 2 has a structure where high-temperature exhaust gas flows through a tubular pipeline that surrounds the entirety of a reaction pipe (reactor) from outside, to heat the reaction pipe thereinside from outside, heat energy of the high-temperature exhaust gas flowing through an outer portion of the tubular pipeline is not efficiently transferred to the reaction pipe thereinside, and the heat energy of the input high-temperature exhaust gas cannot be effectively used for gasification reaction. 
     An object of the invention is to provide a carbonization furnace that can improve the carbonization efficiency of input an organic material and discharge high-temperature exhaust gas, a gasification furnace that increases the efficiency of use of heat energy to improve a gasification efficiency, and an organic material gasification system that gasifies the organic material with high efficiency and low cost using the carbonization furnace and the gasification furnace, or uses generated gas to convert the organic material into energy. 
     Means for Solving Problem 
     In order to achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided an organic material gasification system including: a carbonization furnace to generate a carbide when an organic material is input to the carbonization furnace; and a gasification furnace including a reactor where the carbide generated by the carbonization furnace and a gasifying agent are input, and a heating unit to heat the reactor, to gasify the input carbide. 
     The carbonization furnace includes an organic material combustion region where a part of the organic material is combusted to maintain a temperature of the carbonization furnace at a high temperature, and a carbonization region where the organic material is carbonized, and high-temperature steam is radiated to the organic material in the organic material combustion region. 
     It is preferable that the high-temperature steam is superheated steam of 800° C. or higher, but the high-temperature steam is not limited thereto. Since the high-temperature steam is supplied, the organic material can be directly carbonized by the high-temperature steam, and the carbonization efficiency is improved. 
     In the organic material gasification system according to another aspect of the invention, the carbonization furnace further includes an exhaust gas combustion region where flammable gas generated in the organic material combustion region and in the carbonization region is combusted, and an exhaust gas discharge portion to discharge high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the flammable gas, and the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from an inside of the carbonization furnace is supplied to the heating unit of the gasification furnace. 
     In the organic material combustion region, flammable gas, such as combustion exhaust gas containing a tar component, or carbon monoxide, is generated by reaction in a short time caused by the combustion of the organic material and an improvement in thermal conductivity of high-temperature steam and of the organic material. The flammable gas is combusted in the exhaust gas combustion region, and the temperature of the flammable gas is raised to a higher temperature than a temperature of the organic material combustion region, so that the flammable gas and the tar component are combusted to generate high-temperature exhaust gas. The high-temperature exhaust gas is sent from the exhaust gas discharge portion to the heating unit of the gasification furnace. 
     According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a carbonization furnace to maintain a temperature of the carbonization furnace at a high temperature, and to carbonize an organic material to be input by combusting a part of the organic material in an organic material combustion region inside the carbonization furnace. A steam supply unit is provided to radiate high-temperature steam to the organic material in the organic material combustion region. The steam supply unit radiates the heated steam to the organic material combustion region to directly carbonize the carbide, so that the carbonization efficiency of the organic material can be increased, and the amount of the flammable gas can be increased. 
     In the carbonization furnace according to another aspect of the invention, the carbonization furnace includes a first air supply mechanism to supply combustion air to the organic material combustion region. The first air supply mechanism has a heating space formed by a first outer peripheral wall surrounding at least a part of the organic material combustion region of the carbonization furnace from an outside, a first frame body portion forming an inner wall of the carbonization furnace on an organic material combustion region side of the heating space includes at least one through-hole, and the combustion air is supplied to the heating space, and is supplied to the organic material combustion region via the through-hole. It is preferable that the first frame body portion has heat resistance and a thermal conductive property. It is preferable that the first frame body portion also has a heat storage property. 
     With this configuration, since the combustion air is heated in the heating space, and high-temperature combustion air can be supplied to the organic material combustion region, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the temperature of the organic material combustion region caused by the input of low-temperature combustion air. 
     In the carbonization furnace according to another aspect of the invention, the steam supply unit supplies the high-temperature steam to the heating space of the first air supply mechanism, and the high-temperature steam is radiated to the organic material combustion region via the through-hole. A configuration is preferable in which the steam supply unit is a tubular body having a good thermal conductive property and being installed in the heating space, steam supplied from an outside is superheated when passing through an inside of the tubular body, and superheated steam is radiated to the heating space from a tip of the tubular body. 
     Accordingly, the first air supply mechanism also has a function of the steam supply unit. 
     The carbonization furnace according to another aspect of the invention further includes a second air supply mechanism to combust flammable gas in an exhaust gas combustion region, the flammable gas being generated by combustion and carbonization of the organic material in the organic material combustion region and by radiation of the high-temperature steam to the organic material, and an exhaust gas discharge portion to discharge the flammable gas in the exhaust gas combustion region as high-temperature exhaust gas. The second air supply mechanism can be configured in the same manner as the first air supply mechanism relating to the supply of the combustion air. 
     The configuration can be such that the second air supply mechanism has a heating space formed by a second outer peripheral wall surrounding at least a part of the organic material combustion region of the carbonization furnace from an outside, a second frame body portion forming an inner wall of the carbonization furnace on an exhaust gas combustion region side of the heating space includes at least one through-hole, and combustion air is supplied to the heating space, and is supplied to the organic material combustion region via the through-hole. 
     With this structure, various flammable gases generated in the organic material combustion region is combusted in the exhaust gas combustion region, so that not only a tar component of the exhaust gas can be combusted and cracked, but also high-temperature exhaust gas can be discharged, and the high-temperature exhaust gas can be used as a more effective heat source such as heating steam to be radiated to the gasification furnace or to the organic material combustion region, to a high temperature. 
     Further, in the carbonization furnace according to another aspect of the invention, the steam supply unit includes a steam chamber provided above the exhaust gas combustion region to generate high-temperature steam, and a steam supply pipe unit routed from the steam chamber to the organic material combustion region via the exhaust gas combustion region to convey the high-temperature steam of the steam chamber while additionally heating the high-temperature steam, and to radiate the high-temperature steam to the organic material combustion region. Accordingly, higher temperature steam can be radiated toward the organic material combustion region. In addition, the configuration also can be such that a temperature sensor is provided in the vicinity of the exhaust gas combustion region, and when a temperature of the temperature sensor is a predetermined temperature or lower, the amount of the combustion air is increased, and a temperature of the exhaust gas combustion region is maintained at the predetermined temperature or higher. 
     According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a gasification furnace to gasify an input carbide, the gasification furnace including: a tubular main body portion including an internal space; a heating unit made of a material having a high thermal conductivity and/or a high heat storage property, penetrating through a central portion of the internal space of the tubular main body portion in a length direction, and including a flow path where high-temperature gas passes; a reaction unit formed by the internal space surrounding the heating unit, to be heated by the heating unit to gasify the input carbide; a raw material supply unit provided upstream of the reaction unit to input the carbide and a gasifying agent to the reaction unit; and a gas extraction port provided on a downstream side of the reaction unit to extract various useful gases generated by the reaction unit. 
     In this aspect, the heating unit is provided to penetrate through the center of or the vicinity of the center of the tubular main body portion serving as a reactor with a material having a high thermal conductive property and/or a high heat storage property, so that heat energy of the high-temperature gas can be more efficiently transmitted to the reactor, and the heating efficiency of the reactor can be improved. 
     In addition, the raw material supply unit is configured to include a carbide supply unit to supply a predetermined amount of the carbide obtained by finely pulverizing the carbide supplied from a carbonization furnace, with a pulverizing unit, and a spray input unit to mix the pulverized carbide and the gasifying agent, and to spray and input the pulverized carbide and the gasifying agent to the reaction unit, so that the gasification efficiency in the reactor can be improved. It is preferable that for example, superheated steam of 800° C. or higher is supplied as high-temperature steam serving as the gasifying agent. Further, it is desirable that a negative pressure is applied to the reaction unit of the gasification furnace from the raw material supply unit toward the gas extraction port. 
     Accordingly, the raw material can be moved inside the reactor from upstream to downstream to promote reaction, and generated useful gases can be extracted on the downstream side. In addition, the heating unit includes a plurality of projections and recesses to increase an area of contact with the reaction unit, in a surface of an outer wall or an inner wall of the heating unit, so that the efficiency of heat transfer to the reactor can be more improved. 
     An organic material gasification system to generate a useful gas from an organic material can be configured by combining any one of the carbonization furnaces according to the above aspects and any one of the gasification furnaces according to the above aspects. In addition, a biomass power generation system or an energy conversion system to generate ethanol or separates hydrogen gas can be constructed to use various useful gases generated by the organic material gasification system, as fuel. 
     Effect of the Invention 
     According to the organic material gasification system using the carbonization furnace and the gasification furnace of the invention, since it is possible to efficiently carbonize an organic material and it is possible to efficiently gasify a carbide, it is possible to provide an efficient and inexpensive organic material gasification system. 
     Particularly, according to the carbonization furnace of the invention, since high-temperature steam is radiated to the organic material combustion region, the carbonization rate can be significantly improved and the carbonization speed can be more raised as compared to simply when only a part of an organic material is combusted and carbonized. In addition, it is possible to input an organic material having a lower dryness level than in the related art. Further, since a configuration is provided in which flammable gas generated by combustion, carbonization, and the like is combusted in the exhaust gas combustion region, it is possible to provide high-temperature exhaust gas. In addition, it is possible to stably combust and crack a tar component of the exhaust gas. 
     In addition, according to the gasification furnace of the invention, since the heating unit penetrates through the center of the reactor, and high-temperature gas is supplied into the heating unit and passes therethrough, it is possible to provide a gasification furnace with a high thermal efficiency. Further, since a carbide is micronized and then input, and the gasifying agent is heated at high temperature and then is input, it is possible to more promote the efficiency of reaction. 
     Further, according to the organic material gasification system in which various carbonization furnaces and gasification furnaces according to the embodiments of the invention described above are combined, it is possible to provide an organic material “gasification system” in which effects of each carbonization furnace and each gasification furnace can be shared, and it is possible to provide a biomass energy conversion system. 
     As described above, in the gasification furnace according to the invention, it is possible to dramatically improve the heat exchange efficiency of high-temperature gas that is a heat source of the heating unit, and it is possible to reduce the size of the gasification furnace and achieve efficient gasification reaction. When the carbonization furnace and the gasification furnace are used which are efficient and can be reduced in size according to the invention as described above, since it is possible to significantly improve the carbonization efficiency and the gasification efficiency, and flexibly construct a facility in terms of size according to the generation amount of an organic material, it is possible to significantly improve the cost-effectiveness, the construction of a small-scale biomass power generation system that is practical for local production and local consumption can be more easily realized than in the related art. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a view illustrating a schematic configuration of an organic material gasification system according to the invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a horizontal sectional view of a first air supply mechanism portion schematically illustrating a cross section seen in a direction of line D-D attached to a carbonization furnace portion in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a vertical sectional view schematically illustrating a cross section of a first air supply mechanism seen in a direction of line E-E attached to  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a horizontal sectional view schematically illustrating a cross section of a second air supply mechanism seen in a direction of line F-F attached to the carbonization furnace portion in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a partial vertical sectional view schematically illustrating another embodiment in which high-temperature steam is input to the organic material combustion region; 
         FIG. 6  is a partial vertical sectional view schematically illustrating still another embodiment in which superheated steam is input to the organic material combustion region; 
         FIG. 7  is a functional block diagram illustrating one example of control of the organic material gasification system (example of use in a biomass power generation system) according to the invention; and 
         FIG. 8  is a flowchart illustrating one example of temperature control of exhaust gas of the carbonization furnace according to the invention. 
     
    
    
     MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION 
     Hereinafter, a carbonization furnace, a gasification furnace, an organic material gasification system, a method for carbonizing an organic material, and a method for gasifying an organic material according to the invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The organic material gasification system includes a carbonization furnace that generates a carbide from biomass, and a gasification furnace that generates various useful gases from the carbide. A biomass power generation system or a system that effectively uses other organic materials as energy can be constructed by supplying the useful gases generated by this system, to a generator, an ethanol generation device, hydrogen separator, etc. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a functional block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an organic material gasification system according to one embodiment of the invention. An organic material gasification system  10  includes a carbonization furnace  20  that can efficiently generate a carbide from an organic material such as biomass by radiating high-temperature steam to an organic material combustion region where the organic material is combusted, and a gasification furnace  50  that is connected to the carbonization furnace and that can efficiently use heat energy of exhaust gas for gasification reaction by supplying high-temperature exhaust gas generated in the carbonization furnace, so as to pass through a heating unit provided to penetrate through a central portion of a reactor. 
     Incidentally, the organic material gasification system  10  illustrated in  FIG. 1  that is configured to include the carbonization furnace  20  is provided as an example, but the organic material gasification system of the invention can also have a configuration where an organic material such as a carbide or plastic is directly supplied to the gasification furnace  50  without passing through the carbonization furnace  20 . In that case, it is necessary to separately prepare a heat source of the gasification furnace. 
     As an example of using a generated gas GS output from the gasification furnace  50 ,  FIG. 1  illustrates an example where a gas tank  65  that contains gas and a generator  67  are connected to each other (example where a biomass power generation system is configured as a whole) (block diagram is illustrated by broken lines). However, the organic material gasification system of the invention is not limited to such a power generation system. For example, the organic material gasification system can be used for various systems that generate various substances from organic waste, such as a system that generates a carbide from an organic material such as biomass and inputs gas generated by inputting the generated carbide to a gasification furnace, to an ethanol generation device to generate ethanol. 
     The carbonization furnace  20  according to one embodiment of the invention illustrated in  FIG. 1  has a configuration where high-temperature steam is radiated to an organic material in an organic material combustion region A 1 . In addition,  FIG. 1  illustrates an example of the carbonization furnace  20  including a heat storage body  30  that is rotatable and includes a screw-shaped protrusion portion  32  that can more accurately control the stay time of biomass in the organic material combustion region A 1  and in a carbonization region A 2  to more precisely control a carbonization process of the biomass in the carbonization furnace  20 . 
     A raw material for a carbide to be input to the carbonization furnace  20  is not limited to biomass, and may be any organic material. Particularly, it is desirable that thinned wood or other wood, straw or rice husks discharged from rice farming, plants such as vegetables, household refuse such as vegetable waste or leftovers, and organic waste from a poultry farm or a ranch are effectively used as raw materials. In addition, the gasification furnace  50  of the invention can generate flammable gas by using plastic or other organic materials as a raw material. In this specification, a description will be given using an example where a carbide is generated from biomass of which the raw material is wood (woody biomass), but as described above, it is not intended that the raw material for the carbide is limited thereto. Since a biomass power generation system that uses waste wood such as thinned wood in a forest area is particularly expected to be shortly put to practical use as a small-sized power generation system serving as an electric energy source for local production and local consumption in a small-sized region adjacent to a forest, this example will be described. 
     Basic components such as a component that carbonizes an organic material to generate various gases from a carbide through gasification reaction, and a component that inputs the generated carbide to the gasification furnace to generate useful gases such as water gas are the same as system configurations disclosed in a biomass power generation system or the like of the related art. However, the organic material gasification system of the invention is characterized by each of the carbonization furnace and the gasification furnace that are components thereof, and it is possible to provide the organic material gasification system that is more efficient by using the carbonization furnace and the gasification furnace. Incidentally, in  FIG. 1 , only main components are simply illustrated to describe configurations of the carbonization furnace  20  and the gasification furnace  50  in an easy to understanding manner, and electric power supply lines for supplying electric energy, signal lines for acquiring information from various sensors, control signal lines for controlling various drive units, various drive mechanisms, control valves, filters, and the like are omitted. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the organic material gasification system  10  according to a first embodiment of the invention includes the carbonization furnace  20  that includes a drying chamber  11  that dries an organic material C 1  and an input device  12  that inputs the dried organic material C 1  to the carbonization furnace  20 , and the carbonization furnace  20  generating a carbide from the organic material C 1 ; and the gasification furnace  50  that generates hydrogen gas and other gases (hereinafter, referred to as a “generated gas”) from a carbide C 2 . When the organic material gasification system of the invention is used for the biomass power generation system, the generated gas GS generated by the organic material gasification system  10  is stored in the gas tank  65  that stores the generated gas (hydrogen gas or the like) generated by the gasification furnace  50 , and is supplied to the generator  67  to generate electricity, and the electricity is supplied to a consumer as electric energy ELC. 
     The carbonization furnace  20  illustrated in  FIG. 1  has a configuration where the organic material (woody biomass) that is a raw material is continuously input from an upper side of the carbonization furnace and the carbide is continuously extracted from a lower side of the carbonization furnace  20 . The carbonization furnace  20  includes an outer frame body (main body portion)  21  made of a refractory material capable of withstanding high heat of one thousand and several hundred degrees or higher, and the heat storage body  30  that is rotatably provided inside the carbonization furnace. The outer frame body  21  is generally formed in a double structure formed of refractory bricks having high heat resistance that withstand a high temperature of one thousand and several hundred degrees, and a heat insulating material. 
     The organic material C 1  such as woody biomass is cut into small pieces, and then is dried in the drying chamber  11 . An organic material inlet  22  through which the dried organic material C 1  is input is provided at an upper portion of the carbonization furnace  20 . A proper amount of the dried organic material C 1  is appropriately input to the carbonization furnace  20  from the organic material inlet  22  by the input device  12  (the input device  12  and the organic material inlet  22  form an “organic material input unit”). A carbide extraction portion  23  that extracts the carbide C 2  from the carbonization furnace  20  and sends the carbide C 2  to a next process is provided on a lower side of the carbonization furnace  20 . In addition, a gas discharge portion  24  that combusts flammable gas generated by the combustion and carbonization of the organic material C 1  and the input of high-temperature steam, and discharges the combusted gas as high-temperature exhaust gas HEG is provided at a higher position than the organic material inlet  22  of the carbonization furnace  20 . 
     The heat storage body  30  is rotatably provided in an internal space of the carbonization furnace  20  at a lower position than the organic material inlet  22 , and is rotationally driven by a motor  33  provided in a lower portion of the carbonization furnace  20 . The protrusion portion  32  protruding toward an inner wall  21   a  of the outer frame body  21  is spirally (screw shape) provided on an outer peripheral portion (outer surface)  31  of the heat storage body  30 . The heat storage body  30  is rotationally driven to slowly move the biomass and the carbide downward, which are accumulated between the inner wall  21   a  of the carbonization furnace  20  and the outer peripheral portion  31  of the heat storage body  30 . The heat storage body  30  including the protrusion portion  32  is manufactured with a material having heat resistance and a heat storage property, and is controlled to rotate at a speed suitable for carbonizing the organic material C 1 , for example, a moderate speed of approximately one rotation every 20 minutes to 1 hour. The moving speed of the organic material C 1  in a vertical direction inside the carbonization furnace  20  can be controlled by controlling the rotational speed of the heat storage body  30 . 
     In addition, a part of a region at an upper portion of the heat storage body  30 , and an internal space region interposed between the upper portion of the heat storage body  30  and the inner wall  21   a  of the outer frame body serves as the organic material combustion region A 1 . In order to maintain the carbonization furnace  20  at a high temperature of 800° C. or higher, a part of the organic material C 1  is partially combusted in the organic material combustion region A 1 . Namely, the temperature of the organic material combustion region A 1  inside the carbonization furnace  20  is maintained at a high temperature of 800° C. or higher by the partial combustion of the organic material C 1 . An internal space of the carbonization furnace  20  below the organic material combustion region A 1  serves as the carbonization region A 2 . 
     A first air supply mechanism  13  that controls the combustion of the organic material C 1  is provided at a portion of the outer frame body  21  corresponding to the position of the organic material combustion region A 1  (first frame body portion  21   b : refer to  FIGS. 2 and 3 ).  FIG. 2  illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of a center of the first air supply mechanism  13  taken along a horizontal direction (line D-D direction illustrated in  FIG. 1 ), and  FIG. 3  illustrates a cross-sectional view of a first air supply mechanism  13  portion taken along a direction of line E-E in  FIG. 2 . Incidentally, in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the protrusion portion  32  of the heat storage body  30  and a configuration of a bottom portion of the carbonization furnace are omitted. 
     The first air supply mechanism  13  has a heating space  13   b  formed by surrounding an outer periphery of the first frame body portion  21   b  that is a portion of the outer frame body  21  corresponding to the position of the organic material combustion region A 1 , with a first outer peripheral wall  13   a . Combustion air is supplied to the heating space  13   b  from a first air supply portion  25   a . The first frame body portion  21   b  has one or a plurality of through-holes  25   c  penetrating therethrough to the organic material combustion region A 1  inside the carbonization furnace. Incidentally, in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , a mode in which the first air supply mechanism  13  surrounds the entirety of the organic material combustion region A 1  is provided as an example. It is preferable that the first air supply mechanism  13  covers the entirety of the organic material combustion region A 1  in such a manner, but the first air supply mechanism  13  may be configured to partially surround only a part of the organic material combustion region A 1 . The same point is applied to the second air supply mechanism to be described below, and the second air supply mechanism does not necessarily cover the entirety of an exhaust gas combustion region B 1 . 
     The outer peripheral wall  13   a  of the first air supply mechanism  13  is made of a material having heat resistance and a heat-insulating property, and it is preferable that the first frame body portion  21   b  forming the inside of the heating space  13   b  is made of a material providing a good balance between a thermal conductive property and a heat storage property. Since the organic material combustion region A 1  inside the carbonization furnace  20  is at a high temperature of 800° C. or higher, the heating space  13   b  also becomes very hot via the first frame body portion  21   b , and the combustion air supplied into the heating space  13   b  is heated. The combustion air supplied from the first air supply portion  25   a  by a blower or the like is heated in the heating space  13   b , and the high-temperature combustion air is supplied to the organic material combustion region A 1  from the through-holes  25   c . The supply amount of the combustion air (oxygen) is adjusted to control the combustion of the organic material C 1  in the organic material combustion region A 1 . At this time, the combustion air is supplied at high temperature, so that a rapid decrease in the temperature of the organic material combustion region A 1  inside the carbonization furnace caused by the combustion air can be suppressed, and stable combustion management and temperature management can be achieved. 
     Further, steam supply pipes  36   a  and  36   b  (corresponding to a steam supply unit) that supply steam are provided in the heating space  13   b . Namely, high-temperature steam Wv is supplied into the heating space of the first air supply mechanism  13  through the steam supply pipes  36   a  and  36   b . The steam supply pipes  36   a  and  36   b  are spirally wound inside the first air supply mechanism  13 , and release the steam from steam discharge outlets  37   a  and  37   b  at tips of the steam supply pipes  36   a  and  36   b . It is desirable that the high-temperature steam Wv heated to 160° C. or higher by a boiler  45  to be described later or by other heating device is supplied to the steam supply pipes  36   a  and  36   b.    
     The steam supply pipes  36   a  and  36   b  that are wound inside the first air supply mechanism  13  are made of a material having a good thermal conductive property, and serve as heat exchange pipes, and the supplied steam is additionally heated in the heating space  13   b  of high temperature, and the steam inside the steam supply pipes  36   a  and  36   b  becomes higher temperature steam. The high-temperature steam released into the heating space  13   b  is supplied to the organic material combustion region A 1  through the through-holes  25   c , and is radiated to the organic material C 1 , together with the high-temperature combustion air. The steam to be supplied to the steam supply pipes  36   a  and  36   b  can also be heated using, for example, the high-temperature exhaust gas HEG or the like. Accordingly, higher temperature superheated steam can be generated in the heating space  13   b . It is preferable that the first air supply mechanism  13  Is provided with a first temperature sensor TS 1  that measures a temperature of the organic material combustion region A 1 . 
     When the amount of the combustion air supplied into the carbonization furnace  20  from the first air supply mechanism  13  is increased, the combustion amount of the organic material is increased, and the temperature of the organic material combustion region A 1  rises. It is desirable that the temperature of the organic material combustion region A 1  is maintained as high as possible, but when the amount of the combustion air is increased to raise the temperature, the amount of the organic material to be combusted is increased, so that the amount of the carbide to be generated from the input organic material is reduced, and the carbonization rate decreases. For this reason, in consideration of the carbonization rate and the like, it is preferable that the supply amount of the combustion air or the rotational speed of the heat storage body  30  is appropriately controlled to keep the temperature of the organic material combustion region A 1  around 800° C. However, according to an operating purpose or an operating status of the system, the temperature of the organic material combustion region A 1  may be controlled to maintain a higher temperature. The supply amount of the combustion air can be controlled by adjusting the air volume of the blower (not illustrated) or the like. 
     In addition, it is possible to obtain the following effect (high-temperature carbonization promotion effect): when the high-temperature steam is radiated to the organic material combustion region A 1 , the high-temperature superheated steam comes into direct contact with the organic material C 1  that is not carbonized, so that the heat transfer efficiency by the high-temperature superheated steam rises dramatically, and the carbonization of the organic material C 1  is promoted to significantly reduce the carbonization time and the carbonization efficiency. Due to the high-temperature carbonization promotion effect, the organic material C 1  in the organic material combustion region A 1  can be more efficiently carbonized, and the carbonization rate of the biomass can be improved by approximately 10% to 20% as compared to the related art. 
     In addition, in addition to flammable gas to be generated by the combustion of the biomass C 1  in the related art, hydrogen gas (H 2 ), carbide (C), and oxygen (O) that are reaction gases of the superheated steam (H 2 O) and the carbide react with each other to generate carbon monoxide gas (CO). The carbon monoxide gas (CO) and the hydrogen gas (H 2 ) contribute to the combustion of flammable exhaust gas in the exhaust gas combustion region B 1  of the carbonization furnace  20  to be described later, and the temperature of the exhaust gas combustion region B 1  can be raised to a higher temperature. Accordingly, not only it is possible to raise the temperature of the exhaust gas to a higher temperature, and supply a large amount of heat energy of the exhaust gas to the gasification furnace, but also it is possible to efficiently feed excessive heat energy back to the carbonization furnace such as being able to heat the steam to be input to the carbonization furnace, to a higher temperature in advance. 
     In addition, according to the technique of the related art, when the moisture content of the organic material C 1  to be input to the carbonization furnace  20  is high, it takes time to combust or carbonize the organic material C 1 , so that the organic material C 1  that is a raw material is dried until the moisture content becomes 10% or less, and then input to the carbonization furnace. On the other hand, the carbonization furnace of the invention has a configuration where the high-temperature steam is directly radiated to the organic material C 1  in the organic material combustion region A 1 , so that combustion and carbonization can be promoted, and even when the moisture content of the organic material C 1  is approximately 40% to 50%, the organic material C 1  can be input to the carbonization furnace. Accordingly, the drying time can be shortened, the total carbonization speed of the organic material C 1  can be improved, and heat energy for drying can be suppressed, so that a reduction in total cost can be achieved. 
     In the organic material combustion region A 1 , a part of the organic material C 1  is combusted, and the remaining part is carbonized by the high-temperature steam. The organic material C 1  that is not combusted or carbonized and the carbide C 2  and combustion ash that are carbonized in the organic material combustion region A 1  are conveyed from the organic material combustion region A 1  to the carbonization region A 2  below by the protrusion portion  32  having a screw shape as the heat storage body  30  rotates. The organic material C 1  that is not combusted is carbonized by being exposed to a high-temperature environment and to an oxygen deficient environment by the heat storage body  30  under an oxygen deficient environment, and is extracted from the carbide extraction portion  23  as the carbide C 2 . 
     As described above, each of the carbonization rate, the carbonization speed, and the carbonization quality of the organic material can be improved by radiating the high-temperature steam to the organic material C 1 . Further, high-temperature exhaust gas can be discharged by combusting combustion gas generated by irradiation with the steam, in the exhaust gas combustion region B 1 , and a tar component of the exhaust gas can be more completely combusted by this combustion. Therefore, it is possible to provide the high-quality and low-cost carbonization furnace, and it is possible to provide the organic material gasification system that can gasify the organic material with high quality and low cost, due to an integrated effect with the efficient use of heat energy of the exhaust gas in the gasification furnace in a post-process described later. 
     When the organic material is combusted and carbonized in the organic material combustion region A 1  and in the carbonization region A 2 , high-temperature flammable exhaust gas containing a tar component is generated. In addition, the high-temperature steam is radiated in the organic material combustion region A 1 , so that hydrogen gas (H 2 ), carbide (C), and oxygen (O) that are cracked gases of superheated steam (H 2 O) react with each other to generate combustible carbon monoxide gas (CO). In the invention, the configuration is such that the flammable exhaust gas is combusted to raise the temperature of the exhaust gas to a higher temperature (high temperature of preferably higher than 1,000° C.), and then is supplied to the gasification furnace to reuse heat energy of the high-temperature exhaust gas. For this reason, the flammable exhaust gas is combusted in the exhaust gas combustion region B 1  at an upper portion of the carbonization furnace  20  to combust and crack a tar component, and the exhaust gas is discharged from the gas discharge portion  24  as the higher temperature exhaust gas HEG. 
     The discharged high-temperature exhaust gas HEG is delivered to the gasification furnace  50  via a pipe  17   a , and is used as a heat source of the reactor. Since the high-temperature exhaust gas HEG is at a high temperature of higher than 1,000° C., the pipe  17   a  that supplies the exhaust gas HEG has a heat-resistant structure. A negative pressure is applied to the pipe  17   a , and the high-temperature exhaust gas HEG is sent from the carbonization furnace  20  to the gasification furnace  50 . The configuration may be such that one or more valves (not illustrated) are provided in the vicinity of the gas discharge portion  24  or at other locations on the pipe  17   a , and the driving of the valves is controlled to control the flow of the exhaust gas. 
     In the carbonization furnace  20  illustrated in  FIG. 1 , in order to control the combustion of the flammable exhaust gas, a second air supply mechanism  14  having the same structure as that of the first air supply mechanism  13  is provided in a region outside the exhaust gas combustion region B 1 .  FIG. 4  illustrates a cross-sectional view taken along a direction of line F-F in  FIG. 1 . In this drawing, the protrusion portion  32  having a screw shape of the heat storage body  30  and the shape of the bottom portion inside the carbonization furnace are also omitted. As can be seen from  FIG. 4 , the second air supply mechanism  14  has substantially the same configuration as the structure of the first air supply mechanism  13  except that there is no mechanism that supplies steam. Namely, in the second air supply mechanism  14 , a second outer peripheral wall  14   a  surrounds an outer periphery of an outer frame body  21   c  that is a portion corresponding to the position of the exhaust gas combustion region B 1 , and a heating space  14   b  is formed. Combustion air is supplied to the heating space  14   b  from an air supply port  25   b . The second frame body portion  21   c  surrounded by the second outer peripheral wall  14   a  has one or a plurality of through-holes  25   d  penetrating therethrough to the exhaust gas combustion region B 1  inside the carbonization furnace. 
     Incidentally, Patent Document 1 also discloses a configuration where combustion air is input to combust the exhaust gas in an upper portion of the carbonization furnace and to thermally crack a tar component. However, in the technique of Patent Document 1 and the invention, the combustion of the exhaust gas is controlled in a completely opposite manner. First, in Patent Document 1, when the temperature of the exhaust gas combustion region (temperature of the exhaust gas) decreases to a certain temperature or lower, the input of the combustion air is stopped to prevent a decrease in the temperature of the exhaust gas combustion region caused by low-temperature combustion air. Namely, the combustion of the flammable gas is temporarily stopped and on standby until the temperature rises. Therefore, during a period where the supply of the combustion air is stopped and the combustion is stopped, a tar component in the exhaust gas cannot be completely combusted, and the exhaust gas is discharged with the tar component remaining therein. 
     On the other hand, in the carbonization furnace of the invention illustrated in  FIG. 1 , when the temperature of the exhaust gas combustion region B 1  decreases to a certain temperature or lower (first temperature or lower), contrary to Patent Document 1, control is performed such that the input amount of the combustion air is increased to promote combustion, thereby raising the temperature. Namely, in the invention, even when the temperature of the exhaust gas combustion region B 1  decreases, control is performed such that the combustion air heated by the second air supply mechanism  14  is supplied to promote the combustion of the flammable gas, and the temperature is raised by the combustion. Therefore, the exhaust gas is discharged without a tar component of the flammable exhaust gas remaining therein. As described above, in the invention, even when the combustion air is supplied to cause the temperature of the exhaust gas combustion region B 1  to temporarily decrease, control is performed such that the combustion air is continuously supplied to promote combustion, thereby raising the temperature of the exhaust gas or the like. 
     In an embodiment of the second air supply mechanism  14  of the invention illustrated as an example in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , since the supplied combustion air is heated to high temperature by the outer frame body  21 , and then is supplied to the exhaust gas combustion region B 1  via the plurality of through-holes  25   c , even when the combustion air is supplied to the exhaust gas combustion region B 1 , the temperature of the exhaust gas is unlikely to decrease. 
     Incidentally, in the carbonization furnace illustrated in  FIGS. 1 to 4 , the first and second air supply portions  25   a  and  25   b  are connected to the first and second air supply mechanisms  13  and  14 , and the combustion air is sent into the heating spaces  13   b  and  14   b . However, the configuration may be such that instead of providing the heating spaces  13   b  and  14   b , one or a plurality of the first and second air supply portions  25   a  and  25   b  are directly connected to portions of the outer frame body  21  corresponding to the positions of the organic material combustion region A 1  and the exhaust gas combustion region B 1 , and the combustion air is sent into the organic material combustion region A 1  and into the exhaust gas combustion region B 1 . In that case, the configuration may be such that the pipe  17   a  for the exhaust gas HEG is provided with the same heat exchanger as a heater  43  used for the gasification furnace  50  to be described later, and after the temperature of the combustion air is raised to high temperature by the heat exchanger, the combustion air is supplied to the exhaust gas combustion region B 1 . 
     In addition, it is desirable that the combustion air is heated to supply high-temperature combustion air, but the configuration may be such that the combustion air is directly supplied to the combustion regions A 1  and B 1  without the combustion air being heated in advance. 
     &lt;Operation of Carbonization Furnace&gt; 
     As described above, in this specification, an example is provided in which a carbide is generated by using woody biomass as a raw material, and the woody biomass C 1  serving as a raw material is contained and dried in the drying chamber  11 . From the viewpoints of improving the drying efficiency, improving the carbonization efficiency, stably controlling the degree of carbonization or the carbonization speed in the carbonization furnace  20 , and the like, it is preferable that the biomass C 1  to be input to the carbonization furnace  20  is supplied to the drying chamber  11  in the state of wood chips C 1  cut to a relatively small size, for example, 10 cm or less, preferably 5 cm or less by a cutting device or the like. 
     The biomass C 1  such as wood chips is dried in the drying chamber  11  before being input to the carbonization furnace  20 . The biomass C 1  is dried to a moisture content of preferably 40% or less. In the carbonization furnace of the related art, wood chips need to be dried to a moisture content of approximately 10%, but as described above, in the carbonization furnace of the invention, since high-temperature steam is radiated, the organic material C 1  having a dryness level equivalent to a moisture content of approximately 40% can also be input. 
     As drying means, the organic material can be efficiently dried, for example, by using the high-temperature exhaust gas HEG as a heat source of the gasification furnace and the like, and then sending the exhaust gas HEG into the drying chamber  11 . The dried biomass C 1  is input to the carbonization furnace  20  using the input device  12 . 
     At the start of operation of the carbonization furnace  20 , first, a predetermined amount of the organic material C 1  is input, and the organic material C 1  in the organic material combustion region A 1  is ignited. Until the temperature of the organic material combustion region A 1  and the temperature of the heat storage body  30  reach approximately 800° C., in order to completely combust the organic material C 1  and raise the temperature of the organic material combustion region A 1 , a large amount of air and the organic material C 1  of an amount suitable for complete combustion are sequentially supplied. When the temperature of the organic material combustion region A 1  of the carbonization furnace and the temperature of the heat storage body  30  reach a desired temperature (preferably around 800° C.) and are stabilized, the supply amount of the air is controlled such that a part of the organic material C 1  is partially combusted and the temperature of the organic material combustion region A 1  of the carbonization furnace is stably maintained at the desired temperature. At the same time, steam is supplied to the heating space  13   b  of the first air supply mechanism  13 . Accordingly, a part of the organic material C 1  in the organic material combustion region A 1  is partially combusted, and the remaining organic material C 1  that is not combusted in the organic material combustion region A 1 , and the carbide are conveyed to the carbonization region A 2  and are carbonized therein. 
     The organic material C 1  dropped from the organic material inlet  22  of the carbonization furnace falls and is accumulated on the upper portion of the heat storage body  30  and on the protrusion portion  32  of the heat storage body  30 . The organic material C 1  accumulated on the protrusion portion  32  having a screw shape is conveyed to a lower side of the carbonization furnace  20  through a space between the outer peripheral portion  31  of the heat storage body  30  and the inner wall  21   a  of the outer frame body  21  by the rotation of the heat storage body  30 . Namely, when the heat storage body  30  is rotated, the organic material C 1  can be gradually moved from the organic material combustion region A 1  to the carbonization region A 2  therebelow by the protrusion portion  32  having a screw shape, and when the rotational speed of the heat storage body  30  is controlled, the stay time of the organic material C 1  in the organic material combustion region A 1  and in the carbonization region A 2  can be controlled according to the rotational speed of the heat storage body  30 . 
     In the carbonization furnace of the related art which is provided with a heat storage body without a protrusion portion, since a combustion and carbonization process is controlled by controlling the temperature of the organic material combustion region A 1  and the input amount of the organic material C 1  according to a combustion state of the organic material C 1  accumulated inside the carbonization furnace and to a state of movement of the organic material C 1  by natural fall involving the extraction of the carbide, the stay time of the organic material C 1  cannot be accurately controlled, and unstable control is compelled. On the other hand, in the invention, with the above-mentioned configuration, the moving speed of the organic material C 1  inside the carbonization furnace in the vertical direction (height direction) can be accurately controlled. Accordingly, it is possible to adjust both the stay time and the amount of air in the organic material combustion region A 1 , and it is possible to accurately control the temperature of the carbonization furnace or the carbonization speed, the carbonization quality, and the like of the organic material C 1 . 
     In such a manner, the carbide C 2 , combustion ash, and the like that are carbonized are extracted from the carbide extraction portion  23  provided on a lower side of the carbonization region A 2  of the carbonization furnace  20 . The carbide C 2  extracted from the carbide extraction portion  23  is conveyed to the gasification furnace  50  via a conveyance path  15   a.    
     Incidentally, when the amount of the organic material C 1  in the organic material combustion region A 1  is reduced by combustion or by the extraction of the carbide C 2  from the carbide extraction portion  23 , the dried organic material C 1  is sequentially input and replenished from the organic material inlet  22 . Regarding the input amount of the dried organic material C 1 , the input amount can be controlled by the input device  12 , and automatic control, or manual control based on visual information can be performed according to an operation status. 
     In addition, as described above, the flammable gas generated by combustion or the like is combusted in the exhaust gas combustion region B 1 , and is discharged from the gas discharge portion  24  as the high temperature (high temperature of preferably higher than 1,000° C.) exhaust gas HEG. 
     In the invention, a second temperature sensor TS 2  is provided close to the through-holes  25   c , and when the detected temperature of the second temperature sensor TS 2  decreases to a desired certain temperature or lower, the amount of air to be supplied from the second air supply portion  25   b  is increased, and the amount of air to be input to the exhaust gas combustion region B 1  from the through-holes  25   c  is increased. Accordingly, control is performed such that the combustion of flammable exhaust gas in the exhaust gas combustion region B 1  is promoted to combust a tar component and to raise the temperature of the exhaust gas to be discharged from the carbonization furnace. Accordingly, the tar component contained in the flammable gas is completely thermally cracked at high temperature in the exhaust gas combustion region B 1 , and is discharged as the high-temperature exhaust gas HEG which does not contain the tar. It is preferable that the exhaust gas HEG is at a high temperature of 1,000° C. or higher. The high-temperature exhaust gas HEG discharged from the gas discharge portion  24  is delivered to the gasification furnace  50  via the pipe  17   a . Since the high-temperature exhaust gas HEG is at a high temperature of higher than 1,000° C., the pipe  17   a  that supplies the exhaust gas HEG has a heat-resistant structure. 
     The carbide C 2  extracted from the carbide extraction portion  23  of the carbonization furnace  20  is sent to the gasification furnace  50  via the conveyance path  15   a . Incidentally, in  FIG. 1 , one each of the first and second air supply portions  25   a  and  25   b  and one each of the first and second temperature sensors TS 1  and TS 2  are illustrated as being provided in the first and second air supply mechanisms  13  and  14 , but as illustrated in  FIG. 2 , a plurality of the first and second air supply portions  25   a  and  25   b  and a plurality of the first and second temperature sensors TS 1  and TS 2  may be provided. 
     &lt;Gasification Furnace&gt; 
     Returning to  FIG. 1 , the gasification furnace  50  will be described. The carbide C 2  extracted from the carbonization furnace  20  is input to the gasification furnace  50 , together with a gasifying agent, to generate hydrogen and other gases (hereinafter, referred to as a generated gas). 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an example where the gasification furnace  50  includes two gasification units  51   a  and  51   b  each having a tubular shape. When one gasification unit is provided, the single gasification unit serves as the gasification furnace as it is. The number of the gasification units forming the gasification furnace may be 1, 2, or 3 or more. The gasification units  51   a  and  51   b  include tubular main body portions  52   a  and  52   b  including internal spaces  55   a  and  55   b  each having a tubular shape, and include heating units  56   a  and  56   b  that penetrate through the insides of the internal spaces  55   a  and  55   b  each having a tubular shape, in a length direction. The internal spaces  55   a  and  55   b  surrounding the heating units  56   a  and  56   b  of the gasification units  51   a  and  51   b  serve as reactors or reaction units (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as the “internal spaces  55   a  and  55   b ” or “reaction units  55   a  and  55   b ”). 
     The heating units  56   a  and  56   b  include flow paths  57   a  and  57   b  inside, gas being able to pass through the flow paths  57   a  and  57   b , and the high-temperature exhaust gas HEG flows through the flow paths  57   a  and  57   b  to heat the reaction units  55   a  and  55   b  by means of radiant heat or contact heat. In the example illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the high-temperature exhaust gas HEG that is sent via the pipe  17   a  is supplied to the flow paths  57   a  and  57   b  of the heating units  56   a  and  56   b , but high-temperature gas to be supplied to the heating units  56   a  and  56   b  is not limited to the high-temperature exhaust gas HEG, and high-temperature gas generated by other methods or steam can also be used. 
     Since the heating units  56   a  and  56   b  penetrate through the insides of the tubular main body portions  52   a  and  52   b  of the gasification units  51   a  and  51   b , the heating units  56   a  and  56   b  are surrounded by the reaction units  55   a  and  55   b  each having a tubular shape. The gasification units  51   a  and  51   b  include a raw material supply unit  40  on an upstream side (upper side in  FIG. 1 ), the raw material supply unit  40  inputting the carbide as a raw material and a gasifying agent. In the example illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the raw material supply unit  40  includes a carbide supply unit  41 , a pulverizing unit  42 , and a spray input unit. The carbide supply unit  41  contains the carbide C 2 , and supplies a proper amount of the carbide C 2  required for gasification reaction to the pulverizing unit  42 , based on control of a control unit (refer to  FIG. 6 ). 
     When the carbide C 2  is supplied from the carbide supply unit  41 , in order to promote the gasification reaction, the pulverizing unit  42  pulverizes and micronizes the carbide C 2  to 300 μm or less, preferably 100 μm or less, and more preferably 50 μm. A carbide C 3  pulverized and micronized by the pulverizing unit  42  is input to the reaction units  55   a  and  55   b  by being sprayed from spray input units  53   a  and  53   b  of the gasification units  51   a  and  51   b , respectively, together with high-temperature steams Hva and Hvb used as gasifying agents. 
     It is preferable that the high-temperature steams Hva and Hvb used as gasifying agents are heated to high temperature and are mixed with the micronized carbide C 3  in a superheated steam state so as to cause the temperature of the reactor not to decrease as much as possible. The steams Hva and Hvb can be transformed into the high-temperature superheated steams Hva and Hvb by heating the steam Wv of approximately 160° C. generated by the boiler  45  to be described later, with the heater  43  provided in the middle of the pipe  17   a  for the high-temperature exhaust gas HEG. The high-temperature superheated steams Hva and Hvb are input to the reaction units  55   a  and  55   b  of the gasification units  51   a  and  51   b  as gasifying agents, respectively, together with the carbide C 3 . In order to prevent a decrease in the temperature of each reaction unit, it is preferable that the temperatures of the high-temperature superheated steams Hva and Hvb are raised close to as high temperature as possible, for example, a high temperature in a range of 900° C. to 1,300° C. 
     The micronized carbide C 3  and the superheated steams Hva and Hvb that are gasifying agents are input to the reaction units  55   a  and  55   b  by being sprayed from the spray input units  53   a  and  53   b , respectively. At this time, it is preferable that the carbide C 3  and the gasifying agents of high temperature are input by being sprayed from the spray input units  53   a  and  53   b  such that the carbide C 3  and the gasifying agents of high temperature slowly move inside the reactors in a downstream direction while rotating around the heating units  56   a  and  56   b  inside the reaction units  55   a  and  55   b.    
     Incidentally,  FIG. 1  illustrates an example where one spray input unit  53   a  and one spray input unit  53   b  are provided for the gasification units  51   a  and  51   b , respectively, but the configuration may be such that the gasification units are provided with a plurality of the spray input units  53   a  and  53   b , respectively. Accordingly, since the raw material can be input to each of the reaction units  55   a  and  55   b  from a plurality of positions, the carbide C 3  and the gasifying agents can be sprayed to the heating units at a large number of angles, and heat of the heating units can be more uniformly used for gasification reaction, so that efficient gasification reaction can be achieved. 
     Incidentally, in the example of  FIG. 1 , since biomass is described as an example of a raw material, the above-described configuration example is provided as the raw material supply unit  40 , but in the case of an organic material such as waste plastic, the configuration also can be such that the plastic is gasified at high temperature, and the gasified high-temperature plastic is input to the reaction units  55   a  and  55   b  by being sprayed from the raw material supply unit  40 . The high-temperature exhaust gas HEG from the carbonization furnace can be used as heat energy for gasifying the plastic or the like. 
     When two or more gasification units  51   a  and  51   b  are provided, a joining portion  58  is provided at a position on a side opposite the raw material supply unit  40  (lower side in the  FIG. 1 ), which is a downstream side of the gasification units, and the reaction units  55   a  and  55   b  of the gasification units  51   a  and  51   b  are connected to each other by the joining portion  58 . The joining portion  58  is provided with a generated gas extraction pipe  60  extending upward, and the generated gas is extracted from a gas extraction port  61  provided at an upper portion of the generated gas extraction pipe  60 . A discharge port that discharges a residue D is provided on a lower side of the joining portion  58 . 
     When the generated gas extraction pipe  60  is provided, a residue such as heavy ash cannot rise through the generated gas extraction pipe  60  and falls downward, so that the generated gas GS excluding ash or the like can be extracted from an upper side. Even when only one gasification unit is provided, similarly to  FIG. 1 , it is preferable that the configuration is such that the generated gas extraction pipe  60  is provided to extend upward from a downstream side of the reaction unit of the one gasification unit and the gas extraction port  61  is provided at an upper portion of the generated gas extraction pipe  60  to extract the generated gas from an upper side of the generated gas extraction pipe  60 . However, such a generated gas extraction pipe is not indispensable, and the configuration may be such that instead of providing the generated gas extraction pipe  60 , the generated gas is extracted from the joining portion  58  downstream of the reaction units  55   a  and  55   b.    
     A negative pressure is applied to the generated gas extraction pipe  60  from the gas extraction port  61 , and the generated gas GS is suctioned and moved from the insides of the reaction units  55   a  and  55   b  to the gas extraction port  61  via the generated gas extraction pipe  60 . Since impurities or ash is heavy, the impurities or the ash falls to lower sides of the reactors and the joining portion  58 , and is discharged from the lower side of the joining portion  58  as the residue D. The generated gas GS is extracted from the gas extraction port  61 , and is stored in the gas tank  65  via various filters, a cooling device, and the like. 
     The high-temperature exhaust gas HEG extracted from the carbonization furnace  20  is supplied, as a heat source, to the heating units  56   a  and  56   b  of the gasification units  51   a  and  51   b  of the gasification furnace  50  via the pipe  17   a  having heat resistance. Since the heating units  56   a  and  56   b  penetrate through the reaction units  55   a  and  55   b , radiant heat from the heating units  56   a  and  56   b  is radiated to the reaction units  55   a  and  55   b  in all directions. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an example where each of the heating units  56   a  and  56   b  of the gasification furnace  50  is configured as one pipe, but each of the heating units  56   a  and  56   b  can also be configured as a plurality of pipes penetrating through each of the reaction units  55   a  and  55   b . Accordingly, heat energy of the high-temperature exhaust gas HEG can be more efficiently transferred to the raw materials (micronized carbide C 3  and the superheated steams) of the reaction units  55   a  and  55   b . In addition,  FIG. 1  illustrates a configuration where the two gasification units  51   a  and  51   b  include one set of the carbide supply unit  41  and the pulverizing unit  42 , but one set (a total of two sets in  FIG. 1 , and three sets when three gasification units are provided) may be provided for each of the gasification units  51   a  and  51   b.    
     The exhaust gas HEG that has passed through the heating units  56   a  and  56   b  of the gasification furnace  50  is then sent to the boiler  45 , and is used as a heat source of the boiler to generate the saturated steam Wv of approximately 160° C. The saturated steam Wv generated by the boiler  45  is also sent to steam supply pipes  36   c  and  36   f  or to a steam chamber  35  in a carbonization furnace according to second to fourth embodiments illustrated in  FIGS. 3 to 5 . When the saturated steam Wv passes through the exhaust gas combustion region B 1  of the carbonization furnace via the first air supply mechanism  13  or via the steam chamber  35  and the steam supply pipes  36   c  to  36   f , the saturated steam Wv is additionally heated to high temperature to become high-temperature superheated steam, and the high-temperature superheated steam is sprayed to the biomass (organic material) C 1  in the organic material combustion region A 1 . 
     &lt;Operation of Gasification Furnace&gt; 
     The carbide C 2  extracted from the carbide extraction portion  23  of the carbonization furnace  20  is sent to the carbide supply unit  41  via the conveyance path  15   a . The carbide of an amount required for gasification which is contained in the carbide supply unit  41  is appropriately supplied to the pulverizing unit  42 , and is transformed into the micronized carbide C 3 . The micronized carbide C 3  and the high-temperature superheated steams Hva and Hvb that are gasifying agents are sprayed by the spray input units  53   a  and  53   b  to be input to the reaction units  55   a  and  55   b  of the gasification units  51   a  and  51   b , respectively. 
     Since the high-temperature exhaust gas HEG of 1,000° C. to 1,300° C. flows through the flow paths  57   a  and  57   b  of the heating units  56   a  and  56   b , and the heating units  56   a  and  56   b  penetrate through the reaction units  55   a  and  55   b , a large amount of heat energy is supplied to the reactors by radiant heat or contact of the heating units  56   a  and  56   b . Accordingly, the heat energy of the exhaust gas HEG can be efficiently taken into the reactors. 
     In the biomass power generation system, normally, hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas are mainly generated and provided as fuel. For this reason, an example is provided in which high-temperature steam is used as a gasifying agent, but the gasifying agent to be used can be appropriately selected according to the type of gas to be generated. 
     As described above, it is desirable that each of the spray input units  53   a  and  53   b  of the gasification units  51   a  and  51   b  is provided with a spray nozzle, and the micronized carbide C 3  and the high-temperature steams Hva and Hvb are input to each of the reaction units  55   a  and  55   b  in a mixed atmosphere by spraying, so as to wrap around the heating units  56   a  and  56   b  and move to the downstream side in the reaction pipes as slow as possible. 
     The generated gas GS that is generated from the carbide C 3  by gasification reaction in the gasification furnace  50  passes through a gas recovery path  15   b  to become cooled and free from impurities through a plurality of filters and a cooling device (both not illustrated), and is stored in the gas tank  65 . A heat recovery device or a cooling device that decreases the temperature of the generated gas, and a filter, all of which are known, can be used. 
     The generated gas (water gas and the like) GS stored in the gas tank  65  can be supplied to an ethanol generation device to generate ethanol, used to extract hydrogen gas, or used as energy to generate electricity in a fuel cell, in addition to being used as energy for driving, for example, the generator  67 . 
     Heat energy of the high-temperature exhaust gas HEG that has passed through the flow paths  57   a  and  57   b  of the heating units  56   a  and  56   b  of the gasification furnace  50  is recovered by the boiler  45  or a heat exchanger (not illustrated), so that the high-temperature exhaust gas HEG becomes exhaust gas LEG of a relatively low temperature. A part of the exhaust gas LEG is sent to the drying chamber  11  via a pipe  18 , and is used to dry the biomass. The remaining exhaust gas LEG passes through a plurality of filters, a cooling device  46 , and the like, is processed such that the temperature and the amount of impurities satisfy a predetermined discharge standard, and then is released to the outside. 
     &lt;Second Embodiment of Carbonization Furnace&gt; 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a second embodiment of a carbonization furnace of the invention. A carbonization furnace  20   a  according to the second embodiment is different from the carbonization furnace illustrated in  FIGS. 1 to 4  in that the carbonization furnace  20   a  has a structure where the steam supply pipes  36   c  and  36   d  extending downward from an upper portion of the carbonization furnace  20   a  radiate superheated steam to the biomass C 1  in the combustion region A 1 . In the carbonization furnace  20   a  according to the second embodiment, high-temperature superheated steam is generated in the steam chamber  35  provided above the exhaust gas combustion region B 1 . Since the exhaust gas combustion region B 1  is a heat source for the high-temperature exhaust gas HEG, superheated steam of a higher temperature than in the embodiment of  FIGS. 1 to 4  can be generated. In addition, when the superheated steam is conveyed to the organic material combustion region A 1  via the steam supply pipes  36   c  and  36   d , the superheated steam is additionally heated to become the superheated steam of close to approximately 1,000° C., and the superheated steam of close to approximately 1,000° C. is radiated to the organic material C 1  in the organic material combustion region A 1 . 
     Incidentally, regarding the steam chamber  35 , as described above, from the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in the temperature of the exhaust gas combustion region B 1  of the carbonization furnace  20   a , it is preferable that the saturated steam Wv of a temperature of around 160° C. is supplied to the steam chamber  35  from the boiler  45  ( FIG. 1 ), and the saturated steam Wv is additionally heated in the steam chamber  35  to generate superheated steam. However, water can be directly supplied to the steam chamber  35  to generate steam. Incidentally, it is preferable that a bottom surface of the steam chamber  35  is made of a material having a high thermal conductivity. The high-temperature superheated steam can be radiated to the organic material C 1  in the organic material combustion region A 1 . Since the organic material C 1  is directly irradiated with the high-temperature superheated steam of around 1,000° C., it is possible to obtain the high-temperature carbonization promotion effect, and it is possible to increase the carbonization efficiency. 
     &lt;Third Embodiment of Carbonization Furnace&gt; 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a third embodiment of a carbonization furnace. A carbonization furnace  20   b  according to the third embodiment of the invention illustrated in  FIG. 6  is different from the carbonization furnace  20   a  according to the second embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 5  in that in the carbonization furnace  20   b  according to the third embodiment, the steam supply pipes  36   e  and  36   f  that supply high-temperature superheated steam from the steam chamber  35  to the organic material combustion region A 1  are spirally routed along the inner wall  21   a  of the carbonization furnace. Since a distance where the high-temperature superheated steam passes through the exhaust gas combustion region B 1  is configured to be lengthened in such a manner, the heating efficiency of the steam passing through the steam supply pipes is increased, and higher temperature superheated steam can be generated. With this configuration, it is possible to shorten the heating time in the steam chamber  35 , and it is possible to additional heat the superheated steam released to the organic material combustion region A 1 , to high temperature, so that it is possible to further increase the high-temperature carbonization promotion effect. 
       FIG. 7  is a functional block diagram illustrating one example of a basic configuration of a control system of the carbonization furnaces  20 ,  20   a , and  20   b , the gasification furnace  50 , and the organic material gasification system  10  (biomass power generation system) illustrated in  FIGS. 1 to 6 . The outline of control of each part will be simply described with reference to  FIG. 6 . Parts designated by reference numerals  71  to  77  indicate passive devices such as sensors and an active device group such as valves, which are provided in the carbonization furnace, the gasification furnace, or the like illustrated in  FIGS. 1 to 5 . For example, a plurality of temperature sensors and pressure sensors that are provided correspond to passive devices, and valves, various motors, operation units, a conveyance path, and the like correspond to active devices. A control unit  80  acquires various information or control data from the sensors, the operation units, or the like of the devices and operation unit groups  71  to  77 , and controls operation of the carbonization furnace, the gasification furnace, the conveyance path, and the like. 
     In  FIG. 7 , a display and operation unit  71 , various sensors  72 , a carbonization furnace operation unit  73 , a gasification furnace operation unit  74 , a conveyance-related operation unit  75 , a power generation-related operation unit  76 , other operation units  77 , and the like are provided as examples of devices from which control information is acquired and of devices to be controlled. 
     The display and operation unit  71  includes a display unit that monitors an operating status of the carbonization furnace, an operating status of the gasification furnace, and states of the gas tank, the generator, and the like, an operation unit to be manually operated, and the like. The various sensors  72  include, for example, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and the like, and the carbonization furnace operation unit  73  includes an organic material input unit, a motor that drives and rotates the heat storage body, blowers that supply first and second airs, a carbide extraction portion that extracts a carbide, and the like. The gasification furnace operation unit  74  includes nozzles that spray a micronized carbide, a gasifying agent, or the like, and the conveyance-related operation unit  75  includes a screw conveyor that conveys biomass, a carbide, a residue, or the like. The power generation-related operation unit  76  includes an engine, the generator, an electric power control device, and the like, and the other operation units  77  include valves that adjust the passage or pressure of exhaust gas, generated gas, air, steam, or the like, the boiler, and the like. 
     The control unit  80  includes a CPU, a memory, a recording medium, basic control software, and the like, and an existing server or computer can be used. A carbonization furnace control unit  81 , a gasification furnace control unit  82 , a conveyance control unit  83 , a power generation control unit  84 , and other control units  85  are provided which are control software for modules that control the carbonization furnace, the gasification furnace, the generator, the conveyance path, and the like which are basic components of the biomass power generation system, and each drive unit of a module in charge is controlled based on information acquired from the various sensors or an instruction from the operation unit. 
     Instruction data from the display and operation unit  71  and data from the various sensors  72  are transmitted to the control unit  80  via an interface  78  as control data. The control unit  80  hands over the acquired data to each of the corresponding control units  81  to  85 , and the control units  81  to  85  each determine whether or not the control of the operation units is required, based on the received control data. When a control operation is required, a control signal is transmitted to the corresponding display and operation unit  71  and to the corresponding operation units  73  to  77  via the control unit  80  and via the interface  78 , and operation of each part is controlled. In the corresponding display and operation unit  71  and the corresponding operation units  73  to  77 , a predetermined operation is carried out based on the received control signal. 
     The software modules or individual operation programs illustrated in  FIG. 7  are provided as an example, and the invention is not limited to the software and the programs illustrated here as an example. The carbonization furnace control unit  81  is a control program to control each part of the carbonization furnace, and controls operation of the carbonization furnace, for example, based on individual operation programs such as a biomass supply management  86 , a temperature management  87 , a heat storage body rotation drive control  88 , and a carbide and exhaust gas management  89 . The gasification furnace control unit  82  is a control program to control each part of the gasification furnace, and controls operation of the gasification furnace, based on individual programs such as a raw material supply management  90 , a temperature management  91 , and a generated gas management  92 . In addition, as illustrated as a block  97  in  FIG. 7 , a program  97  to control the supply of high-temperature steam (preferably superheated steam) is also provided to control the supply of the high-temperature steam such that carbonization in the organic material combustion region A 1  can be promoted with high efficiency. 
     The conveyance control unit  83  controls the supply, the movement, the extraction, and the like of a raw material, products, and waste in the biomass power generation system. For example, operation of each conveyance motor or valve is controlled based on a program such as a motor and valve management  94 , and the temperature management or the like of a carbide, exhaust gas, a gasifying agent (high-temperature steam or the like), generated gas, the movement of waste, various steams, and the like is performed based on a program such as a temperature management  93 . The power generation control unit  84  performs the management and the control of supply of gas to generate electricity or of an output electric power based on a program of an electric power management  95 , and the other control units  85  perform a warning of an abnormal state and other necessary management or control. 
     In all the carbonization furnace  20 , the gasification furnace  50 , and the generator  67 , control at the start of operation and control in a stable operating state are significantly different from each other. At the start of operation, the organic material C 1  dried in the drying furnace is input to the carbonization furnace  20 , and the organic material C 1  is combusted in the organic material combustion region A 1  until the temperature of the first temperature sensor TS 1  reaches a predetermined temperature. When the organic material C 1  is input, the temperature rises to reach the predetermined temperature, the temperature is stabilized, and operation can be normally performed, the carbide, the combustion residue, or the like at the time of an initial operation is extracted from the carbide extraction portion  23 , and a transition is made to control of a normal operation. 
     In the normal operation, first, according to the generation amount of the carbide which is set by the operation unit or the like based on an operation target, various basic data regarding the input amount of the organic material C 1  per unit time, the rotational speed of the heat storage body, the supply amount of combustion air to be supplied from the first and second air supply mechanisms  13  and  14 , and the input amount of high-temperature steam to be supplied from the first air supply mechanism  13  is set. Based on the basic data, the organic material C 1  that is a raw material is input, the heat storage body is rotated at a predetermined rotational speed, a predetermined amount of the combustion air is supplied to the organic material combustion region A 1  and to the exhaust gas combustion region B 1 , a predetermined amount of steam at a predetermined temperature is supplied to the organic material combustion region A 1 , and the normal operation is started. 
     In the normal operation, the carbonization furnace control unit  81  and the carbonization furnace control unit adjusts the amount of the combustion air to be supplied from the first air supply mechanism  13  and the amount of the steam based on information from the first temperature sensor TS 1 , to control the temperature and the carbonization environment of the organic material combustion region A 1  and to control the amount of the organic material C 1  to be input and the rotational speed of the heat storage body  30 , so that the carbonization furnace  20 ,  20   a , or  20   b  can generate the carbide at a set speed. In addition, the amount of combustion air to be sent from the second air supply mechanism  14  is adjusted such that the temperature of the exhaust gas HEG becomes a predetermined temperature or more, to control the combustion of flammable gas and to control the temperature of the exhaust gas HEG. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a flowchart illustrating one example of a procedure of controlling the temperature of exhaust gas in the invention. The control unit  80  and the carbonization furnace control unit  81  periodically acquire information from the second temperature sensor TS 2  provided in the exhaust gas combustion region B 1 , and monitors the temperature of exhaust gas (step S 1 ). Next, it is checked whether or not the detected temperature of the second temperature sensor TS 2  is a first exhaust gas temperature or lower (step S 2 ). The first exhaust gas temperature can be arbitrarily set to, for example, a temperature of 800° C., 1,000° C., or the like, but is set as a minimum temperature of the high-temperature exhaust gas HEG to be provided to the gasification furnace  50 . 
     When the detected temperature of the second temperature sensor TS 2  is lower than the first exhaust gas temperature set in advance (step S 2 : Yes), the amount of air to be supplied from the second air supply portion is increased (step S 3 ). Accordingly, the combustion of the exhaust gas is promoted, and the temperature of the exhaust gas rises. 
     When the detected temperature of the second temperature sensor TS 2  is higher than the first exhaust gas temperature set in advance (step S 2 : No), it is checked whether or not the detected temperature of the second temperature sensor TS 2  is higher than a second exhaust gas temperature set in advance (step S 4 ). When the detected temperature is lower than the second exhaust gas temperature (step S 4 : No), temperature check by the second temperature sensor is repeated without particularly changing the amount of air to be supplied. When the detected temperature is higher than the second exhaust gas temperature (step S 4 : Yes), the supply of air from the second air supply mechanism  14  is reduced (step S 5 ). Accordingly, the combustion of flammable exhaust gas is suppressed, and the temperature of the exhaust gas HEG slightly decreases. 
     Incidentally, the configuration may be such that the gasification units  51   a  and  51   b  are provided with temperature sensors, and combustion in the exhaust gas combustion region B 1  of the carbonization furnace is adjusted based on internal temperatures of the reaction units  55   a  and  55   b  of the gasification units, to control the temperature of the exhaust gas HEG to be discharged from the carbonization furnace. Control of the gasification furnace such as the input amount and the input timing of the micronized carbide C 3  and the gasifying agent (superheated steam) to the gasification furnace is performed by the gasification furnace control unit  82 , and the provision or the like of the carbide is controlled according to a set production amount of generated gas. 
     Incidentally, regarding waste plastic or an organic material generated from other industrial products or from a process of manufacturing the same, the organic material is gasified using high heat of the high-temperature exhaust gas HEG to be discharged from the carbonization furnace or the like of the invention, and is input to the gasification unit by spraying. It is desirable that an inlet to the gasification unit is provided separately from the spray input units  53   a  and  53   b  for the micronized carbide C 3 . Accordingly, the waste plastic or the like can be efficiently gasified. 
     As obvious from the above description, according to the carbonization furnace of the invention, the movement of the organic material (biomass C 1  or the like) inside carbonization furnace is controlled by the protrusion portion provided in the heat storage body inside the carbonization furnace, so that a carbide can be stably produced. In addition, even when the temperature of exhaust gas temporarily decreases, control is performed such that combustion air is supplied to promote the combustion of flammable exhaust gas, so that a tar component of the exhaust gas is combusted at a temperature of 900° C. or higher inside the carbonization furnace to become a gas component that is not recombined, and the gas component can be used as heat energy. Further, since the air for exhaust gas combustion is heated and supplied, the temperature of the exhaust gas to be discharged from the carbonization furnace can be more stably output at high temperature. 
     Further, since the gas flow paths penetrating through the insides of the gasification units are provided as the heating units, and the reaction units are provided to surround the heating units, gasification reaction can be more efficiently performed by efficiently using heat energy of the high-temperature exhaust gas. Various gasification furnaces that are sized according to the generation amount of biomass can be provided by combining a plurality of such small gasification units having a high gasification efficiency. 
     An efficient organic material gasification system adapted to regional characteristics can be constructed by such a carbonization furnace that can provide a high carbonization efficiency and accurately control the carbonization speed, and by a small gasification furnace that can be flexibly combined according to a desired output. Accordingly, hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas generated from the organic material can be mainly converted into energy fuel such as flammable gas or ethanol, and a biomass power generation system capable of efficiently generating electricity can also be constructed. 
     In the carbonization furnace of  FIGS. 1, 4 , and  5 , the protrusion portion  32  having a screw shape is provided as an example of a protrusion portion protruding from an outer peripheral surface of the heat storage body  30 . However, the shape of the protrusion portion is not limited thereto. In addition, in order to increase heat resistance, the protrusion portion  32  is made of a heat-resistant material, and it is desirable that processing to further improve heat resistance and a heat storage property, such as plasma spraying of ceramics or the like, is performed. 
     Incidentally, the embodiments disclosed in the specification and in the drawings are provided as examples, and can be appropriately changed in accordance with the concept of the invention. For example, the shape, the size, and the like of the protrusion portion of the heat storage body, and the shapes of and a positional relationship between the heating units and the reaction units of the gasification furnace are not limited to the disclosed embodiments, and can be appropriately changed and carried out in accordance with the technical concept of the invention, and such embodiments are also included within the technical scope of the invention.