Patent Publication Number: US-11657690-B2

Title: Nanosatellite-based property monitoring

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/075,021, filed Oct. 20, 2020, now allowed, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/925,341 filed Oct. 24, 2019, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This disclosure application relates generally to monitoring systems. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Many properties are equipped with property monitoring systems that include sensors and connected system components. Property monitoring systems can receive and analyze data from sensors that are external to the property. Nanosatellites are small satellites that can include various image sensors. A network of nanosatellites can provide imagery of a broad geographic area. 
     SUMMARY 
     Nanosatellites are small, specialized satellites that can be launched into orbit around the earth. A network, or constellation, of nanosatellites can provide consistent, detailed imagery for a broad geographic area. Each nanosatellite in a constellation may follow the same orbit around the earth. The nanosatellites may be positioned at intervals such that their fields of view overlap, minimizing gaps in coverage. 
     Nanosatellites can capture images that provide a high level view of a geographic area. Nanosatellites can collect various types of images. For example, nanosatellites can capture images by passively receiving visible light, infrared (IR) light, and ultraviolet (UV) light. Nanosatellites can also actively capture images using RADAR, LIDAR, and microwave imaging. 
     Certain implementations of the disclosed systems, techniques, and methods have particular advantages. In some cases, a constellation of nanosatellites can achieve broader visibility of a geographic area compared to a single, larger satellite. In some cases, a constellation of nanosatellites can operate for longer periods of time compared to an aerial drone or piloted aircraft. For example, a constellation of nanosatellites can operate continuously over long periods of time without needing to refuel or recharge. 
     In some examples, a constellation of nanosatellites may perform continuous property monitoring. In some examples, a constellation of nanosatellites may perform property monitoring on demand, e.g., when requested by a monitoring system and/or in response to an alarm or alert. 
     In some examples, a constellation of nanosatellites may perform property monitoring at regular intervals, e.g., based on user preference. For example, a user may request that the nanosatellites capture images of a property once per hour, once per day, or once per week. A user may request that the nanosatellites capture images of the property more frequently at certain times, e.g., when the user is traveling away from the property. 
     In some examples, a constellation of nanosatellites can continuously and proactively monitor for threats to a property. For example, a monitoring system can use a constellation of satellites to monitor for abnormal occurrences at or near a property. Using nanosatellites, the monitoring system can identify anomalies such as a suspicious vehicle slowly circling a neighborhood. The monitoring system can then take actions to mitigate risk of burglary to properties in the neighborhood, e.g., by automatically arming security systems and/or by sending notifications to residents of the neighborhood. The monitoring system can also activate additional sensors such as outdoor cameras of properties in the neighborhood in order to collect additional data on the vehicle. The monitoring system can direct the nanosatellites to track the suspicious vehicle until it departs from the neighborhood. 
     The details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this specification are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a diagram illustrating an example nanosatellite-based property monitoring system responding to a threat detected by a nanosatellite. 
         FIG.  2    is a diagram illustrating an example nanosatellite-based property monitoring system responding to a threat detected by sensors at a property. 
         FIG.  3    is a diagram illustrating an example nanosatellite-based property monitoring system tracking personnel movement during an emergency at a property. 
         FIG.  4    is a diagram illustrating an example nanosatellite-based property monitoring system generating evacuation routes from a property. 
         FIGS.  5 A and  5 B  are flow charts illustrating example processes for property control and configuration based on nanosatellite monitoring. 
         FIG.  6    is a diagram illustrating an example of a property monitoring system. 
     
    
    
     Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicate like elements. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG.  1    is a diagram illustrating an example nanosatellite-based property monitoring system  100  responding to a threat detected by a nanosatellite  110 . A property  102  is monitored by a monitoring system. The property  102  can be a home, another residence, a place of business, a public space, or another facility that is monitored by a monitoring system. 
     The system  100  includes a nanosatellite  110 . The nanosatellite  110  may be one nanosatellite of a constellation  115  of nanosatellites. The nanosatellite  110  is smaller than a typical satellite. For example, the nanosatellite  110  may weigh less than 25 pounds. 
     The constellation  115  of nanosatellites can be arranged such that each nanosatellite traverses a same orbit around the earth at set intervals. The constellation  115  of nanosatellites can provide a consistent overhead view of a geographic area. For example, the constellation  115  can be arranged such that the property  102  is consistently within a field of view of one of the nanosatellites. In this description, the nanosatellite  110  refers to the nanosatellite of the constellation  115  that currently has a field of view that includes the property  102 . 
     The nanosatellite  110  can capture images of the property  102 . The images can be generated from any appropriate type of light. For example, the images can be generated from any combination of visible light, IR light, or UV light. The images can also be generated from RADAR, LIDAR, and/or microwave imaging. 
     The monitoring system can perform proactive monitoring using the nanosatellite  110 . Proactive monitoring can include using the nanosatellite  110  to monitor the property  102  for threats or anomalies. Based on threats or anomalies detected by the nanosatellite  110 , the monitoring system can perform one or more actions. 
     In some examples, the nanosatellite  110  can continuously monitor the property  102 . For example, the nanosatellite  110  may continuously capture images of the property  102 , and may continuously send the images to a monitoring server  130  via a ground station  116 . 
     In some examples, the nanosatellite  110  can capture images of the property  102  at designated intervals. For example, the nanosatellite  110  can capture images of the property  102  at intervals of once per minute, once per hour, or once per day. The designated intervals may be based on settings input by a resident  112 , installer, operator, or other user of the monitoring system. 
     In some examples, the nanosatellite  110  can capture images of the property  102  at variable intervals. The variable intervals can be based on, for example, a monitoring system status, an event detected at the property  102 , sensor data, weather data, time of day, or any combination of these. For example, the nanosatellite  110  may capture images more frequently when the monitoring system status is “armed” than when the monitoring system status is “unarmed.” In some examples, when the monitoring system status is “unarmed,” the nanosatellite  110  may capture images of the property  102  at a predetermined frequency. When the monitoring system is “armed,” the nanosatellite  110  may capture images at a lower predetermined frequency during day time, and at a higher predetermined frequency during night time. 
     In some examples, when the monitoring system status is “armed,” the nanosatellite  110  may increase the frequency of capturing images in response to sensor data. For example, with a monitoring system status of “armed,” and sensor data indicating that a window is opened, the nanosatellite  110  may capture images at an increased frequency. In some examples, the nanosatellite  110  may capture images of the property  102  more frequently when the monitoring server  130  receives indications of adverse weather conditions, compared to when the weather is clear. 
     In some examples, the nanosatellite  110  can capture images of the property  102  when requested by the monitoring server  130 . For example, the monitoring server  130  may send a request to the nanosatellite  110  to capture images of the property  102  based on detecting a threat or anomaly at the property  102 . The threat or anomaly can be, for example, an indication of a nearby weather hazard or an indication of a burglary at a neighboring property. 
     The system  100  includes a local network  120 . The network  120  can be any communication infrastructure that supports the electronic exchange of data between a control unit  106  and other components of the monitoring system. For example, the network  120  may include a local area network (LAN). The network  120  may be any one or combination of wireless or wired networks and may include any one or more of Ethernet, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, Z-wave, Zigbee, or Wi-Fi technologies. 
     The monitoring system includes one or more sensors  104  located at the property  102  that collect sensor data related to the property  102 . The monitoring system has the ability to control various sensors  104  and other devices on the property  102  through automation controls  108 . 
     The sensors  104  of the monitoring system collect various sensor data from the property  102 . Example sensors  104  can include cameras, motion sensors, microphones, thermometers, smoke detectors, and water meters. The sensors  104  can also include position sensors and lock sensors for doors, windows, tornado shutters, and tornado doors at the property  102 . 
     The sensors  104  can transmit the sensor data to the control unit  106  via the network  120 . Example sensor data can include indoor and outdoor motion sensor data, images and video analysis from security cameras, and door and window position and lock data. The control unit  106  can collect and assess the data from the sensors  104  to monitor the conditions of the property  102 . 
     The control unit  106  can be, for example, a computer system or other electronic device configured to communicate with the sensors  104 . The control unit  106  can also perform various management tasks and functions for the monitoring system. In some implementations, a resident  112 , a visitor, or another user can communicate with the control unit  106  (e.g., input data, view settings, or adjust parameters) through a physical connection, such as a touch screen or keypad, through a voice interface, or over a network connection. 
     In some examples, the control unit  106  can analyze some or all of the sensor data. For example, the control unit  106  can analyze motion sensor data, video images, and microphone data to determine the occupancy of the property  102 . The control unit  106  can also analyze sensor data to determine locations of the resident  112  and/or other occupants within the property  102 . For example, the control unit  106  can analyze sensor data to determine if the resident  112  is outdoors, indoors on a ground floor, or indoors in a basement. 
       FIG.  1    illustrates a flow of data, shown as stages (A) to (E), which can represent steps in an example process. Stages (A) to (E) may occur in the illustrated sequence, or in a sequence that is different from the illustrated sequence. For example, some of the stages may occur concurrently. 
     In stage (A) of  FIG.  1   , the nanosatellite  110  captures nanosatellite images  122 . The nanosatellite images  122  can be, for example, visible light images, IR images, or RADAR images. The nanosatellite images  122  can include the property  102  and a surrounding area. 
     The nanosatellite images  122  include images of a damaged area four miles away from the property  102 . The damaged area may include, for example, visible images of destroyed homes and infrastructure. The nanosatellite images  122  also include images of a tornado  140  three miles away from the property  102 . The images of the tornado may include, for example, visible images of roiling cloud tops. The nanosatellite images  122  also include images of a person in the front yard of the property  102 . 
     In some examples, the nanosatellite  110  might not perform any processing or analysis on the images  122 . The nanosatellite  110  may collect and send only the images  122  to the monitoring server  130 , based on preprogrammed settings and intervals. 
     In some examples, the nanosatellite  110  may perform some processing of the images  122  before sending the images  122  to the monitoring server  130 . The nanosatellite  110  may process the images  122 , e.g., by performing video analysis on the images  122 . The nanosatellite  110  may perform video analysis on the images  122  to detect threats to the property  102 , e.g., the tornado  140 . The nanosatellite  110  may then analyze the images  122  and to determine the speed and direction of tornado movement. In some examples, based on detecting the tornado  140 , the nanosatellite  110  may increase the frequency of image capture and/or may increase the frequency of sending the images  122  to the monitoring server  130 . 
     In some examples, the nanosatellite  110  can used a machine learning approach to analyze the images  122 . The nanosatellite  110  can include one or more neural networks, linear or logistic regression models, decision trees, support vector machines, Bayesian techniques, nearest-neighbor or clustering techniques, or other machine learning approaches. The machine learning approach of the nanosatellite  110  may include supervised and/or unsupervised learning. 
     In stage (B) of  FIG.  1   , the nanosatellite  110  sends the nanosatellite images  122  to the ground station  116 . In some examples, the nanosatellite  110  sends the images  122  to the ground station  116  at predetermined intervals. For example, the nanosatellite  110  can send the images  122  to the ground station  116  at intervals of once per minute, once per hour, or once per day. The designated intervals may be based on settings input by a resident  112 , installer, operator, or other user of the monitoring system. In some examples, the nanosatellite  110  can send the images  122  to the ground station  116  at variable intervals. The variable intervals can be based on, for example, a monitoring system status, an event detected at the property  102 , sensor data, weather data, time of day, or any combination of these. 
     In some examples, the nanosatellite  110  may send, to the ground station  116 , a selection of the images  122  that include a threat or anomaly. For example, the nanosatellite  110  may perform video analysis on the images  122  and select images  122  that include the tornado  140 . The nanosatellite  110  may then send the selection of the images  122  that include the tornado  140  to the ground station  116 . The nanosatellite  110  may determine not to send images  122  that do not include the tornado  140 . 
     The ground station  116  is a ground-based communications satellite. The nanosatellite  110  can send the nanosatellite images  122  to the ground station  116  using, e.g., radio waves. The ground station  116  can receive the radio waves through an antenna, convert the radio waves to digital signals, and send the digital signals to the monitoring server  130 . 
     The server  130  may be, for example, one or more computer systems, server systems, or other computing devices that are located remotely from the property  102  and that are configured to process information related to the monitoring system at the property  102 . In some implementations, the monitoring server  130  is a cloud computing platform. 
     In stage (C) of  FIG.  1   , the control unit  106  sends monitoring system data  132  to the monitoring server  130 . The monitoring system data  132  includes data collected from sensors  104  at the property  102 . For example, the monitoring system data includes surveillance camera images of the resident  112  outside in the front yard of the property  102 . 
     The monitoring system data  132  includes door and window position and lock data. Specifically, the monitoring system data  132  indicates that a front door is open and unlocked, and windows are open and unlocked. The monitoring system data  132  also includes a status of tornado protective equipment at the property  102 . Specifically, the monitoring system data  132  indicates that tornado doors are not deployed, and tornado shutters are not deployed. 
     The control unit  106  can send the monitoring system data  132  to the monitoring server  130  over a long-range data link. The long-range data link can include any combination of wired and wireless data networks. For example, the control unit  106  can exchange information with the monitoring server  130  through a wide-area-network (WAN), a broadband internet connection, a cellular telephony network, a wireless data network, a cable connection, a digital subscriber line (DSL), a satellite connection, or other electronic means for data transmission. In some implementations, the long-range data link between the control unit  106  and the monitoring server  130  is a secure data link (e.g., a virtual private network) such that the data exchanged between the control unit  106  and the monitoring server  130  is encoded to protect against interception by an adverse third party. 
     Stages (B) and (C) of  FIG.  1    are independent from one another and can occur at the same time or at different times. In some examples, the monitoring server  130  receives both the nanosatellite images  122  and the monitoring system data  132 . In some examples, the monitoring server  130  receives only one of the nanosatellite images  122  or the monitoring system data  132 . In some examples, the monitoring server  130  may request nanosatellite images  122  based on analysis of the monitoring system data  132 . In some examples, the monitoring server  130  may request monitoring system data  132  based on analysis of the nanosatellite images  122 . 
     In stage (D) of  FIG.  1   , the monitoring server  130  analyzes  134  the nanosatellite images  122  and the monitoring system data  132 . 
     The monitoring server  130  analyzes  134  the nanosatellite images  122  received from the nanosatellite  110 . In some examples, the monitoring server  130  receives the nanosatellite images  122  and some image analysis data from the nanosatellite  110 . For example, the image analysis data may include a determination by the nanosatellite  110  that the images  122  include the tornado  140 . The image analysis data may also include a speed and direction of the tornado  140  determined by the nanosatellite. The monitoring server  130  can further analyze  134  the nanosatellite images  122  to determine and/or confirm the presence of the tornado  140 , a distance between the tornado  140  and the property  102 , a path of the tornado  140 , and a speed of the tornado  140 . 
     In some examples, e.g., when the nanosatellite  110  does not perform video analysis on the images  122 , the monitoring server  130  receives only the images  122 . The monitoring server  130  can analyze the images  122  to detect the tornado  140 . In some examples, based on detecting the tornado  140 , the monitoring server  130  may send a request to the nanosatellite  110  to collect and/or send additional images  122  at an increased frequency. 
     The monitoring server  130  analyzes the images  122  and determines a distance of three miles between the tornado  140  and the property  102 . The monitoring server  130  determines that the path of the tornado  140  leads toward the property  102 . The monitoring server  130  determines a speed of the tornado  140  of 3 miles per hour (mph). Based on analyzing  134  the distance, speed, and path of the tornado  140 , the monitoring server  130  determines that the tornado  140  is expected to arrive at the property  102  in approximately six minutes. Based on analyzing  134  the image of the resident  112  in the front yard, the monitoring server  130  determines that the resident  112  is outdoors and unprotected from the tornado  140 . 
     The monitoring server  130  analyzes  134  the monitoring system data  132  received from the control unit  106 . The monitoring server  130  can analyze  134  the monitoring system data  132  to determine conditions at the property  102 , including configurations of protective equipment at the property  102 . Based on the doors and windows being open, and the tornado doors and shutters not being deployed, the monitoring server  130  determines that the property  102  is in an unprotected state. Based on camera images of the resident  112  outside, the monitoring server  130  confirms that the resident  112  is outdoors and unprotected. 
     In stage (E) of  FIG.  1   , the server  130  performs system actions  136  based on analysis  134  of the monitoring system data  132  and the nanosatellite images  122 . For example, based on the estimate that tornado  140  will arrive in six minutes, and the determination that the resident  112  is outdoors and unprotected, the monitoring server  130  takes an action  136  of sending a notification  118  to the resident  112 . 
     The notification  118  can include a message stating that the tornado  140  is approaching with an estimated arrival time of six minutes. The notification  118  can also include a recommendation to the resident  112 , e.g., “Take Shelter Now.” The monitoring server  130  can send the notification  118  to the resident  112  via, for example, an email that the owner can receive on a mobile device  114 . The mobile device can be any type of data carrying computing device. For example, the mobile device can be a laptop computer, a tablet, smart watch, a video game console, or a smart car. The monitoring server  130  can also send the notification  118  to the resident  112  via, for example, a text message or telephone call. 
     In some examples, the monitoring server  130  can determine system actions  136  that include adjusting or configuring one or more devices at the property  102 . The monitoring server  130  may send a command to adjust a device at the property  102  via the control unit  106 . For example, the monitoring server  130  can send a command to the control unit  106  to shut and lock doors and to shut and lock windows at the property  102 . The monitoring server  130  can also send a command to deploy tornado doors and tornado shutters at the property  102 . The control unit  106  can adjust the doors, windows, tornado doors, and tornado shutters, via automation controls  108 . In some examples, the monitoring server  130  can trigger a tornado alarm  124  at the property  102 , e.g., an audio and/or visual alarm. 
     The monitoring server  130  can determine system actions based on pre-programmed settings and rules. Rules and settings may be programmed, e.g., by the resident  112 , an installer, an operator, or another user of the monitoring system. For example, a rule may state that the monitoring server  130  sends a notification  118  to the resident  112  when a tornado  140  is within five miles of the property  102 . In some examples, a rule may state that the monitoring server  130  deploys tornado doors and tornado shutters when a tornado  140  is estimated to arrive at the property  102  within 10 minutes. In some examples, the monitoring server  130  may be programmed to request permission from the resident  112  before adjusting a device at the property  102 . 
     In some examples, the monitoring server  130  can determine system actions  136  that include sending notifications of the tornado  140  to residents of nearby properties. For example, properties that are near to the property  102  may have monitoring systems that can communicate with the monitoring server  130 . Residents of the nearby properties may opt-in to receiving alerts and notifications from the monitoring server  130  based on anomalies detected at the property  102  and/or other properties in the area. In some examples, the monitoring server  130  may perform system actions  136  that include adjusting or configuring devices at the nearby properties using automation controls. In some examples, the monitoring server  130  may perform system actions  136  that include requesting permission from residents of nearby properties before adjusting devices at the nearby properties in response to the detected anomaly. The monitoring server  130  may include preprogrammed rules and settings for each of the nearby properties. 
     Though described above as detecting a tornado, the system  100  can proactively monitor for various types of threats to properties. For example, a nanosatellite can be used to detect spreading wildfires or spreading floodwaters near a property. In some examples, a nanosatellite can be used to detect wildlife movement, e.g., a pack of wolves approaching a property such as a farm. 
     In some examples, a nanosatellite can be used to detect vehicles and/or personnel approaching a property at unusual hours. For example, a large commercial property complex may have operating hours during the day time and be closed at night time. A nanosatellite can be programmed to capture images of the property at night time when the property is closed. For larger properties, the nanosatellite may be able to obtain images of areas of the property that are not visible by security cameras. The monitoring server can analyze nanosatellite images to detect unauthorized entry of personnel and/or ground, water, or aerial vehicles while the property is closed. 
     In some examples, a nanosatellite can be used to proactively identify anomalies at properties that may be unoccupied for extended periods of time. For example, the nanosatellite may capture images of a vacation rental property during an off-season when the property is unoccupied. The nanosatellite may be programmed to capture images of the vacation rental property at designated intervals, e.g., once per day. The monitoring server can analyze nanosatellite images to detect signs of occupancy when the property is expected to be unoccupied. For example, the monitoring server can analyze nanosatellite images to detect vehicles in a driveway, lights on at the property, or elevated heat signatures from the property. The monitoring server can also analyze nanosatellite images to identify anomalies such as downed trees and overgrown foliage near the property. 
     Though described above as being performed by a particular component of system  100  (e.g., the control unit  106  or the monitoring server  130 ), any of the various control, processing, and analysis operations can be performed by either the control unit  106 , the monitoring server  130 , the nanosatellite  110 , or another computer system of the system  100 . For example, the control unit  106 , the monitoring server  130 , the nanosatellite  110 , or another computer system can analyze the images  122  and data from the sensors  104  to determine the actions  136 . Similarly, the control unit  106 , the monitoring server  130 , the nanosatellite  110 , or another computer system can control the various sensors  104 , and/or the property automation controls  108 , to collect data or control device operation. 
       FIG.  2    is a diagram illustrating an example nanosatellite-based property monitoring system  200  responding to a threat detected by sensors at a property. A property can be a home, another residence, a place of business, a public space, or another facility that is monitored by a monitoring system. In the example of  FIG.  2   , the property is a commercial property  202 . 
     The system  200  includes a nanosatellite  210 . Similar to the nanosatellite  110 , the nanosatellite  210  may be one nanosatellite of a constellation  215  of nanosatellites. The constellation  215  of nanosatellites can be arranged such that each nanosatellite traverses a same orbit around the earth at set intervals, providing a consistent overhead view of a geographic area. In this description, the nanosatellite  210  refers to the nanosatellite of the constellation  215  that currently has a field of view that includes the commercial property  202 . 
     The monitoring system can perform threat validation and tracking using the nanosatellite  210 . Threat validation and tracking can include using the nanosatellite  210  to monitor the commercial property  202  for threats or anomalies that are first detected by sensors at the commercial property  202 . Based on the threats or anomalies detected by the sensors at the commercial property  202 , and tracked by the nanosatellite  210 , the monitoring system can perform one or more actions. 
     An example sensor at the commercial property  202  is an outdoor security camera  208 . The outdoor security camera  208  may be used to monitor for trespassers and wildlife near the commercial property  202 . In some implementations, the security camera  208  may perform video analysis on the images captured by the security camera  208 . In some implementations, the security camera  208  may transmit images to a monitoring server  230  and the monitoring server  230  may perform video analysis on the images. The security camera  208  and/or the monitoring server  230  may perform video analysis on the images to detect and identify objects and/or perform facial recognition within the field of view of the security camera  208 . For example, the security camera  208  may detect and identify animals, vehicles, and people. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates a flow of data, shown as stages (A) to (F), which can represent steps in an example process. Stages (A) to (F) may occur in the illustrated sequence, or in a sequence that is different from the illustrated sequence. For example, some of the stages may occur concurrently. 
     In stage (A) of  FIG.  2   , a control unit  206  sends monitoring system data  224  to a monitoring server  230 . The monitoring system data  224  can include, for example, security camera images from the security camera  208 . The security camera images can include images of a truck  220  entering a parking lot of the commercial property  202 . The security camera images can include images of two personnel  213 ,  214  exiting the truck  220 . The security camera  208  can perform video analysis to determine that the two personnel  213 ,  214  approach the commercial property  202 , and that the two personnel  213 ,  214  are armed with weapons. 
     The monitoring system data  224  can include activation of a window break sensor, with a time stamp of 2:00 am. The monitoring system data  224  can also include activation of a security alarm  204 , with a time stamp of 2:01 am. 
     In stage (B) of  FIG.  2   , in response to receiving the monitoring system data  224 , the monitoring server  230  sends a request to the nanosatellite  210  to capture nanosatellite images of the commercial property  202 . For example, the monitoring server  230  may request nanosatellite images in response to the activation of the security alarm  204 . In some examples, the request can include guidance for the nanosatellite  210  based on the monitoring system data  224 . For example, the request can include a specific location of the commercial property  202  where the nanosatellite  210  should capture images, e.g., a front parking lot or a rear parking lot. In some examples, the monitoring server  230  can send a request to the nanosatellite  210  to locate and track movements of the personnel  213 ,  214  and/or the truck  220 . 
     In stage (C) of  FIG.  2   , the nanosatellite  210  captures images  222  of the commercial property  202 . The nanosatellite images  222  include two personnel  213 ,  214  exiting the commercial property  202  and entering the truck  220 . The nanosatellite images  222  include the truck  220  departing from the commercial property  202 . 
     The nanosatellite  210  can analyze the images  222 , e.g., using video analytics. For example, the nanosatellite  210  can perform video analysis on the images  222  to classify objects within the images  222 . The nanosatellite  210  may identify and classify the personnel  213 ,  214 , and the truck  220  within the images  222 . The nanosatellite  210  can also perform object tracking of the truck  220  as the truck  220  departs from the commercial property  202 . The nanosatellite  210  may track the truck  220 , e.g., in response to receiving a request from the monitoring server  230  to track the truck  220 . The nanosatellite  210  can continue to track the truck  220 , including location, direction, and speed, after the truck  220  departs from the commercial property  202 . The nanosatellite  210  may determine that the nanosatellite images  222  include the truck  220  driving in a southbound direction at high speeds. 
     In stage (D) of  FIG.  2   , the nanosatellite  210  sends the nanosatellite images  222  to the monitoring server  230  via a ground station  216 . The nanosatellite  210  can send the nanosatellite images  222  to the ground station  216  using, e.g., radio waves. The ground station  116  can receive the radio waves through an antenna, convert the radio waves to digital signals, and send the digital signals to the monitoring server  230 . 
     In stage (E) of  FIG.  2   , the monitoring server  230  analyzes  234  the monitoring system data  224  and the nanosatellite images  222 . Based on analyzing the monitoring system data  224  and the nanosatellite images  222 , the monitoring server  230  may determine and/or confirm that a security event has occurred at the property  202 . The monitoring server  230  can analyze the monitoring system data  224 , including security camera  208  images, to identify details of the truck  220 . The monitoring server  230  determines that the truck  220  is a Chevrolet with a license plate of CA 123456. 
     The monitoring server  230  can analyze  234  the nanosatellite images  222  to determine and/or confirm the truck&#39;s route, speed, and time-stamped location. Based on analyzing  234  the nanosatellite images  222 , the monitoring server  230  determines that the truck  220  is traveling southbound on interstate  223 . The truck&#39;s speed is 70 mph. At time 2:20 am, the truck&#39;s location is Exit  10 . 
     In stage (F) of  FIG.  2   , the monitoring server  230  performs system actions  236 . The monitoring server  230  may perform actions  236 , e.g., of sending notifications and/or alerts  228  regarding the security event at the property  202 . The monitoring server  230  can send an alert  228 , for example, to first responders  212 . The first responders  212  can receive the alert  228  on a device such as a computer  226  at a control station. The monitoring server  230  can also send an alert  228  to an owner or tenant of the commercial property  202 . 
     The monitoring server  230  can send an alert  228  that includes, for example, the location of the commercial property  202 , the time of the security event, and the current location, route, and speed of the truck  220 . The alert  228  can also include details about the personnel  213 ,  214  based on the monitoring system data  224 , e.g., security camera  208  images. For example, the alert  228  can include the number of personnel and whether or not the personnel are armed. 
     In some examples, the monitoring server  230  may perform actions  236  related to increasing security measures at nearby properties. For example, one or more properties near the commercial property  202  may communicate with the same monitoring server  230 . The monitoring server  230  can send commands to the one or more nearby properties to adjust devices and/or equipment at the properties. For example, the monitoring server  230  can send commands to nearby properties to activate external security cameras at the properties. The security cameras can then send collected images to the monitoring server  230 . The images from nearby properties may include images of the truck  220 . The monitoring server  230  can analyze images of the truck received from nearby properties to obtain additional detailed information on the truck  220  and its occupants. 
     In some examples, in response to detecting the security event at the property  202 , the monitoring server  230  can send commands to nearby properties to shut and/or lock doors or arm monitoring systems at the properties. In some examples, the monitoring server  230  can send data to monitoring systems of nearby properties indicating that the security event occurred. The monitoring systems of the nearby properties can then use automation controls to adjust and configure devices based on rules and settings of the monitoring systems. In some examples, the monitoring server  230  may send a notification of the security event to residents of neighboring properties. In this way, the monitoring server  230  can provide additional security to neighborhoods and communities based on an event that occurs at one property within the neighborhood. 
       FIG.  3    is a diagram illustrating an example nanosatellite-based property monitoring system  300  tracking personnel locations during an emergency at a property. A property can be a home, another residence, a place of business, a public space, or another facility that is monitored by a monitoring system. In the example of  FIG.  3   , the property is a school  302 . 
     The system  300  includes a nanosatellite  310 . Similar to the nanosatellites  110  and  210 , the nanosatellite  310  may be one nanosatellite of a constellation  315  of nanosatellites. The constellation  315  of nanosatellites can be arranged such that each nanosatellite traverses a same orbit around the earth at set intervals, providing a consistent overhead view of a geographic area. In this description, the nanosatellite  310  refers to the nanosatellite of the constellation  315  that currently has a field of view that includes the school  302 . 
     The monitoring system can perform analysis of an emergency situation using the nanosatellite  310 . For example, the nanosatellite  310  can track personnel movements in an out of the school  302  in the event of an emergency. Based on analyzing personnel movements detected by the nanosatellite  310 , the monitoring system can perform one or more actions. 
     The nanosatellite  310  may be programmed to routinely track personnel movement near the school  302 . In some examples, the nanosatellite  310  may be programmed to track personnel movement near the school  302  at certain times, e.g., during school hours. The nanosatellite  310  can send images of personnel near the school  302  to a monitoring server  330  via a ground station  316 . 
     In some examples, the nanosatellite  310  may send images to the monitoring server  330  in response to a request from the monitoring server  330 . In some examples, the nanosatellite  310  may send images to the monitoring server  330  continuously. In some examples, the nanosatellite  310  may send images to the monitoring server  330  at designated intervals, e.g., once per minute or once per hour. 
     The monitoring server  330  can analyze the nanosatellite images including personnel movement near the school  302 . For example, the monitoring server  330  can determine a number of personnel who enter the school  302  and exit the school  302 . Based on the number of personnel who enter and exit the school  302 , the monitoring server  330  can determine an occupancy of the school  302 . 
       FIG.  3    illustrates a flow of data, shown as stages (A) to (F), which can represent steps in an example process. Stages (A) to (F) may occur in the illustrated sequence, or in a sequence that is different from the illustrated sequence. For example, some of the stages may occur concurrently. 
     In stage (A) of  FIG.  3   , the nanosatellite  310  captures nanosatellite images  322 . The nanosatellite images  322  include images of people  320  entering the school  302  in the morning. For example, people, e.g., students, faculty, and staff, may enter the school  302  at the beginning of the school day. The nanosatellite images  322  include images of people  320  exiting the school between 10:30 am and 10:40 am. The nanosatellite images  322  also include images of first responders  312 , e.g., firefighters, arriving at the school at 10:45 am. 
     In stage (B) of  FIG.  3   , a control unit  314  of the monitoring system sends monitoring system data  324  to the monitoring server  330 . The monitoring system data  324  indicates a fire alarm  318  activation at 10:30 am initiated from classroom  307 . The monitoring system data  324  also includes images from surveillance cameras in and around the school, e.g., images from classrooms  303  to  308 . The monitoring system data  324  indicates that hallway surveillance cameras at the school are off. For example, the hallway surveillance cameras may be turned off based on a pre-programmed schedule. The monitoring system data  324  indicates that all exterior doors  311  to the school  302  are locked. 
     In stage (C) of  FIG.  3   , the monitoring server  330  requests nanosatellite images  322  from the nanosatellite  310 . The monitoring server  330  may request the nanosatellite images  322 , e.g., in response to receiving indications of the fire alarm  318  activation. In some examples, the monitoring server  330  may send a request to the nanosatellite  310  for all images of the school  302  captured over a designated period of time, e.g., the past 6 hours or the past 12 hours. 
     In stage (D) of  FIG.  3   , the nanosatellite  310  sends the nanosatellite images  322  to the monitoring server  330  via the ground station  316 . The nanosatellite  210  can send the nanosatellite images  222  to the ground station  216  using, e.g., radio waves. The ground station  116  can receive the radio waves through an antenna, convert the radio waves to digital signals, and send the digital signals to the monitoring server  230 . 
     In stage (E) of  FIG.  3   , the monitoring server  330  analyzes  326  the nanosatellite images  322  and the monitoring system data  324 . The monitoring server  330  analyzes  326  the nanosatellite images to determine a number of people that entered and exited the school  302  before the fire alarm  318  activation. Based on the nanosatellite images  322 , the monitoring server  330  determines that  420  people entered the school  302  before 10:30 am. The monitoring server  330  determines that  405  people exited the school  302  between 10:30 am and 10:40 am, after the fire alarm  318  activated. Thus, the monitoring server  330  determines that fifteen people remain inside the school  302 . Based on the nanosatellite images  322 , the monitoring server  330  determines that first responders  312  arrived at the school  302  at 10:45. 
     The monitoring server  330  analyzes  326  the monitoring system data  324 , including camera images from the classrooms  303  to  308 . Based on the camera images from the classrooms  303  to  307 , the monitoring server  330  determines that no people remain in the classrooms  303  to  307 . Based on the camera images from the classroom  308 , the monitoring server  330  determines that ten people remain in the classroom  308 . Based on determining that fifteen people remain in the school  302 , and ten people remain in the classroom  308 , the monitoring server  330  determines that there are five people missing in the school  302 . 
     In stage (F) of  FIG.  3   , the monitoring server  330  performs system actions  328 . The actions  328  can include sending an alert  338  to first responders  312 . In some examples, the monitoring server  330  can send an alert  338  to a mobile device  336  of a first responder  312  on the scene. In some examples, the monitoring server  330  can send an alert to a first responder control station. 
     The monitoring server  330  can send an alert  338  that includes, for example, the number of people remaining in the school  302  and/or the number of people missing in the school  302 . The alert  338  can also include known locations of people within the school  302 , and a list of unoccupied classrooms based on surveillance camera images. 
     The actions  328  can include controlling devices and equipment in the school  302 . For example, the monitoring server  330  can send a command to the control unit  314  to activate the hallway surveillance cameras. The monitoring server  330  can then analyze hallway surveillance camera data to identify locations of the five missing people in the school  302 . The monitoring server  330  can also send a command to the control unit  314  to unlock all exterior doors  311 , allowing the first responders  312  to enter the school  302 . 
     In some cases, the nanosatellite  310  could be used to communicate with local autonomous vehicles, e.g., aerial drone  340 , at the school  302  that are integrated into the monitoring system  300 . For example, the school  302  may be part of a larger property such as a campus. Detailed imagery collected by nanosatellites can be used to map terrain of the larger property. The nanosatellite imagery can be used to generate autonomous vehicle routes for performing security and safety patrols. Satellite imagery could also be used to direct the drone  340  to a particular portion of the property in order to collect sensor data when a potential event is detected. For example, based on the nanosatellite imagery, the drone  340  can be deployed to a location from which the drone  340  can observe people exiting from the school  302  while the fire is occurring. 
       FIG.  4    is a diagram illustrating an example nanosatellite-based property monitoring system  400  generating evacuation routes from a property. A property can be a home, another residence, a place of business, a public space, or another facility that is monitored by a monitoring system. The monitoring system can receive and analyze additional data from nearby properties to generate evacuation routes. In the example of  FIG.  4   , the properties  402 ,  404 , and  406  are residential properties. 
     The system  400  includes a nanosatellite  410 . Similar to the nanosatellites  110 ,  210 , and  310 , the nanosatellite  410  may be one nanosatellite of a constellation  415  of nanosatellites. The constellation  415  of nanosatellites can be arranged such that each nanosatellite traverses a same orbit around the earth at set intervals, providing a consistent overhead view of a geographic area. In this description, the nanosatellite  410  refers to the nanosatellite of the constellation  415  that currently has a field of view that includes the property  402 . 
     The monitoring system can generate evacuation routes for a resident  412  from the property  402  using the nanosatellite  410 . For example, the nanosatellite  410  can track hazards, e.g., wildfires, floodwaters, or lava flows, near the property  402 . The nanosatellite  410  can also capture images of obstacles to evacuation, e.g., downed trees and damaged bridges. Based on analyzing nanosatellite images of hazards and obstacles, the monitoring system can perform one or more actions to guide the resident  412  to safety and protect the property  402  from damage. 
       FIG.  4    illustrates a flow of data, shown as stages (A) to (E), which can represent steps in an example process. Stages (A) to (E) may occur in the illustrated sequence, or in a sequence that is different from the illustrated sequence. For example, some of the stages may occur concurrently. 
     In stage (A) of  FIG.  4   , the nanosatellite  410  captures nanosatellite images  422 . The nanosatellite images  422  include images of a wildfire  440 . The wildfire  440  is five miles from the property  402 , one mile from the property  404 , and seven miles from the property  406 . The nanosatellite images  422  show the wildfire  440  spreading southward. 
     In stage (B) of  FIG.  4   , the nanosatellite  410  sends the nanosatellite images  422  to a monitoring server  430  via a ground station  416 . In some examples, the nanosatellite  410  may send images to the monitoring server  430  in response to a request from the monitoring server  430 . In some examples, the nanosatellite  410  may send images to the monitoring server  330  continuously. In some examples, the nanosatellite  410  may send images to the monitoring server  430  at designated intervals, e.g., once per minute or once per hour. 
     In stage (C) of  FIG.  4   , control units  403 ,  405  of nearby properties  404 ,  406  send monitoring system data  424  to the monitoring server  430 . The monitoring system data  424  can include sensor data representing outdoor conditions at the properties  404 ,  406 . For example, the monitoring system data  424  includes outdoor temperature data. The data  424  includes an outdoor temperature at the property  406  of 80 degrees Fahrenheit (F). The data  424  includes an outdoor temperature at the property  404  of 100 degrees F. The monitoring system data  424  also includes an indication of ultraviolet (UV) flame sensor status. A UV flame sensor can detect the presence of flames near a property, e.g., within one mile of a property. The data  424  includes an indication that the UV flame sensor for the property  406  is not activated. The data  424  includes an indication that the UV flame sensor for the property  404  is activated. 
     In stage (D) of  FIG.  4   , the monitoring server  430  analyzes  434  the nanosatellite images  422  and the monitoring system data  424 . The monitoring server  430  can analyze the nanosatellite images  422  to determine a distance between the wildfire  440  and the property  402 , a path of the wildfire  440 , and an estimated time that the wildfire  440  will arrive at the property  402 . Based on analyzing  434  the nanosatellite images  422 , the monitoring server  430  determines that the wildfire is five miles away from the property  402 . The monitoring server  430  determines that the wildfire  440  is approaching the property  402  from a northern direction at a speed of 5 mph. The monitoring server  430  determines that the wildfire  440  will arrive at the property  402  in 60 minutes. 
     The monitoring server  430  can also analyze  434  the nanosatellite images  422  and the monitoring system data  424  to determine possible evacuation methods and routes from the property  402 . Based on the nanosatellite images  422 , the monitoring server determines that there are two possible evacuation routes from the property  402 . The two possible evacuation routes are Interstate 22 East (22E) and Interstate 22 West (22W). 
     Based on the nanosatellite images  422 , the monitoring server  430  determines available methods of evacuation. For example, methods of evacuation can include private vehicles, public transportation, recreational transportation, e.g., bicycles, and/or evacuation on foot. The monitoring server  430  analyzes  434  the nanosatellite images  422  and determines that a vehicle  408  is an available method of evacuation. 
     The monitoring server  430  can analyze the monitoring system data  424  and the nanosatellite images  422  to determine a recommended evacuation route. For example, based on the nanosatellite images  422 , the monitoring server  430  determines that the wildfire  440  is closer to the property  404 , along 22W, than to the property  406 , along 22E. Additionally, the temperature of 100 degrees F. and the activated UV sensor at the property  404  indicate that sensors at the property  404  are detecting heat and UV radiation from the wildfire  440 . Therefore, the monitoring server  430  can confirm that the wildfire  440  is in close range to the property  404 . 
     In comparison, the temperature of 80 degrees F. and the inactivated UV sensor at the property  406  indicate that sensors at the property  406  are not yet detecting heat and UV radiation from the wildfire  440 . Therefore, the monitoring server  430  can confirm that the property  406  is farther away from the wildfire  440  than the property  404 . Based on determining that the property  404 , along 22W, is closer to the wildfire  440  than the property  406 , along 22E, the monitoring server  430  determines a recommended evacuation route of 22E. 
     The monitoring server  430  can analyze  434  the monitoring system data  424  and the nanosatellite images  422  to identify any obstacles along possible evacuation routes. For example, the nanosatellite  410  may capture images of obstacles such as downed trees and damaged bridges along possible evacuation routes. The monitoring server  430  can determine an evacuation route from the property  402  that avoids the wildfire  440  in addition to any detected obstacles. 
     In stage (E) of  FIG.  4   , the monitoring server performs system actions  436 . The monitoring server  430  can perform actions  436  that include sending a notification  418  to the resident  412 . The monitoring server  430  may send the notification  418  to the resident via, e.g., a mobile device  414 . The notification  418  can include the estimated arrival time of the wildfire  440  at the property  402 , and a recommended evacuation route. The notification  418  may also include the location of the wildfire  440 , the distance of the wildfire  440  from the property  402 , and a recommended method of evacuation. 
     In some examples, the actions  436  can include sending the recommended evacuation route to a guidance system of the mobile device  414  and/or the vehicle  408 . The recommended evacuation route can include turn-by-turn GPS guidance that avoids the wildfire  440  and any identified obstacles. 
     In some examples, the actions  436  can include actions to protect the property  402  from the wildfire  440  and/or from criminal activity after evacuation of the resident  412 . For example, the actions  436  can include sending a command to a control unit  401  to shut and lock all windows and doors of the property  402 . The actions  436  can also include sending a command to the control unit  401  to activate a wildfire protection system at the property  402 . The wildfire protection system can include an external water or foam spray system to protect the property  402  from wildfire damage. 
       FIG.  5 A  is a flow chart illustrating an example process  500  for property control and configuration based on nanosatellite-based property monitoring. Process  500  can be performed by one or more computer systems, for example, the monitoring server  130  of system  100 . In some implementations, some or all of the process can be performed by the control unit  106  and/or the nanosatellite  110  of the system  100 , or by another computer system located at the monitored property. 
     Briefly, process  500  includes receiving satellite data related to conditions of a property monitored by a property monitoring system ( 502 ), receiving sensor data from a sensor of the property monitoring system ( 504 ), determining, from the satellite data and the sensor data, that the property is at risk ( 506 ), and in response to determining that the property is at risk, configuring the property monitoring system to mitigate the risk to the property ( 508 ). 
     In more detail, the process  500  includes receiving satellite data related to conditions of a property monitored by a property monitoring system ( 502 ). The satellite data can be, for example, images from a nanosatellite of a constellation of nanosatellites. The satellite data can include data such as images of a vehicle approaching a commercial property late at night during closed hours. The satellite data may include results of video analysis performed by the nanosatellite. For example, the satellite data may include object classification data and/or object tracking data for objects within the images. The satellite data can include data, including images and video analysis data, related to property hazards such as fires, flooding, lava flows, and tornados. 
     The process  500  includes receiving sensor data from a sensor of the property monitoring system ( 504 ). The sensor data can include, for example, video camera data, motion sensor data, and temperature data. The sensor data can include outdoor video camera data that shows two masked people approaching a front door of the commercial property during closed hours. The sensor data can also include a status of one or more devices at the property. For example, the sensor data can include a door and window position and lock status indicating that doors and windows of the property are shut and unlocked. The sensor data can also include the arming status of the monitoring system, e.g., “armed stay,” “armed away,” or “unarmed.” 
     In some implementations, the sensor can include an alarm at the property. For example, the system may receive sensor data from a fire alarm at the property indicating that the fire alarm has activated. In another example, the system may receive sensor data from a security alarm indicating that the security alarm has been activated. 
     The process  500  includes determining, from the satellite data and the sensor data, that the property is at risk ( 506 ). For example, the monitoring system may analyze satellite data showing the vehicle approaching the commercial property, and the sensor data showing two masked people approaching the front door of the commercial property. The monitoring system can also analyze the data indicating that the doors and windows are unlocked. Based on analyzing the satellite data and the sensor data, the monitoring system may to determine that the commercial property is at risk of burglary. 
     In some implementations, the satellite data can be used to verify or confirm local alarms at the property. For example, when a fire alarm at the property is activated, the satellite data may indicate the presence of smoke, heat, and/or flames at the property. Based on the satellite data, the system can confirm that a fire is occurring at the property. The system may also be able to determine a specific location of the fire based on the satellite data. For example, the fire may be occurring in a particular building of a building complex, or in a particular room of a building. The system can analyze the satellite data, e.g., including infrared data, to determine the specific location of the fire at the property. 
     The process  500  includes, in response to determining that the property is at risk, configuring the property monitoring system to mitigate the risk to the property ( 508 ). For example, in response to determining that the property is at risk of burglary, the monitoring system may activate a burglar alarm and/or sending a notification to an owner of the property or to security personnel. In some examples, the monitoring system may send a request to the satellite to initiate tracking of the vehicle. The monitoring system may also activate additional sensors at the property, such as additional cameras, microphones, and/or motion sensors. The monitoring system may also mitigate the risk of burglary by adjusting one or more devices at the property, e.g., by locking the doors and windows. 
       FIG.  5 B  is a flow chart illustrating an example process  550  for property control and configuration based on nanosatellite-based property monitoring. Process  550  can be performed by one or more computing systems, for example, the monitoring server  430  of system  400 . In some implementations, some or all of the process can be performed by the control unit  401  and/or the nanosatellite  410  of the system  400 , or by a computer system located at the monitored property. 
     Briefly, process  550  includes receiving satellite data related to conditions of a property monitored by a monitoring system ( 552 ), determining, based on the satellite data, that the property is at risk from a threat ( 554 ), requesting, from a sensor of the monitoring system, sensor data related to the threat ( 556 ), receiving, from the sensor, the sensor data related to the threat ( 558 ), and based on analyzing the sensor data related to the threat, performing one or more monitoring system actions ( 560 ). 
     In more detail, process  550  includes receiving satellite data related to conditions of a property monitored by a monitoring system ( 552 ). The satellite data can include one or more of visual imagery data, radar data, infrared data, ultraviolet light data, lidar data, or microwave imagery data. For example, the satellite data can include imagery of the property and surrounding areas. The monitoring server  430  may receive satellite data periodically, continuously, or on demand. 
     The process  550  includes determining, based on the satellite data, that the property is at risk from a threat ( 554 ). The threat can include one of a weather hazard, a security hazard, or a property damage hazard. For example, the threat may be a weather hazard such as flooding of a river near the property, a security hazard such as an unrecognized vehicle entering a boundary of the property, or a property damage hazard such as a tree falling on the property. 
     Determining that the property is at risk from the threat can include determining, based on the satellite data, a location of the threat relative to the property. For example, the satellite data may include satellite images  422  showing flooding of a river near the property. The monitoring server  430  can determine the location of the flooding, e.g., three miles to the southwest of the property. The monitoring server  430  can determine, based on the satellite data, that the location of the threat relative to the property meets criteria for the property being at risk from the threat. For example, the criteria may include any weather hazard threat within, e.g., ten miles, five miles, or three miles of the property. 
     In response to determining that the location of the threat relative to the property meets criteria for the property being at risk from the threat, the monitoring server may generate a departure route from the property. The departure route can avoid the location of the threat. For example, for the example of the flooding that is three miles to the southwest of the property, the departure route can be routed in a direction that is away from the flooding, e.g., away from the property toward the northeast. The monitoring server  430  can send, to a user associated with the property, a notification indicating the departure route from the property. For example, the notification can be sent to a user device, e.g., the mobile device  414  associated with the resident  412  of the property. The notification may include navigational instructions to guide the resident away from the property while avoiding the flooding. 
     Determining that the property is at risk from the threat can include determining, based on the satellite data, a projected path of movement of the threat. For example, the monitoring server  430  can analyze the satellite data to determine a path of floodwaters from the flooded river. The projected path of movement of the threat can account for natural characteristics of the area, e.g., elevational and topological features of the area near the property. For example, the monitoring server  430  may determine that the projected path of the floodwaters is away from the property due to the property being at a higher elevation than the flooded regions. In some examples, the monitoring server  430  can determine, based on the satellite data, that the property is near or within the projected path of movement of the threat. For example, the monitoring server  430  may determine that the floodwaters are projected to pass within a threshold distance to the property, e.g., within one-half mile, within one mile, or within two miles. Based on determining that the floodwaters will likely pass within the threshold distance to the property, the monitoring server  430  can determine that the property is at risk from the threat of flooding. Determining that the property is at risk from the threat can include determining a projected time of the threat endangering the property. For example, the monitoring server  430  may be determine a projected direction and speed of the floodwaters. Based on the location of the floodwaters relative to the location of the property, the direction of motion of the floodwaters, and the speed of the floodwaters, the monitoring server  430  can determine the projected time of the threat endangering the property. 
     Determining, based on the satellite data, that the property is at risk from a threat can include accessing a stored profile of the property. For example, the stored profile can be stored by the monitoring server  430 . The stored profile can include historical satellite data related to historical conditions of the property. The stored profile can include previous satellite imagery of the property. The monitoring server  430  can perform pattern recognition in order to identify trends at the property. For example, based on the historical satellite data, the monitoring server  430  may determine that a particular vehicle is routinely located at the property, and that no other vehicles are typically at the property. 
     The stored profile can be updated over time. For example, a property may change over time due to, e.g., an addition made to a building on the property. The stored profile can include updated images and/or a map of the property. In some implementations, the stored profile may be updated continuously, e.g., each time satellite data is received related to the property. In some implementations, the stored profile may be updated periodically, e.g., once per week or once per month, based on received satellite data. In some implementations, the stored profile may be updated on demand, e.g., when information is received that indicates a change may have occurred to the property. For example, a resident may perform new construction on the property, and may input data to the monitoring system indicating the new construction. 
     The monitoring server  430  may determine that the satellite data indicates a deviation from the historical satellite data. For example, Based on determining that the satellite data indicates a deviation from historical conditions of the property, the monitoring server  430  can determine that the property is at risk from the threat. For example, the monitoring server  430  may determine that an unrecognized vehicle has entered through a gate of the property. The monitoring server  430  can perform a risk assessment based on detecting the unrecognized vehicle. For example, the monitoring server  430  may assign a higher level of risk to an unrecognized vehicle arriving late at night, compared to arriving during the daytime. 
     The process  550  includes requesting, from a sensor of the monitoring system, sensor data related to the threat ( 556 ). The sensor of the monitoring system can include a sensor mounted to an autonomous vehicle. The monitoring system may include one or more autonomous vehicles such as aerial drones, e.g., the drone  340 , or ground drones. The autonomous vehicle can include one or more mounted sensors. For example, the drone  340  may include a mounted camera. Requesting the sensor data related to the threat can include deploying the autonomous vehicle to an area of the property associated with the threat to obtain the sensor data. For example, based on the satellite data indicating the unrecognized vehicle entered through the gate at the property, the system can deploy the autonomous vehicle to the gate. The autonomous vehicle can then collect data representing the unrecognized vehicle, e.g., a photograph of the license plate of the vehicle. 
     Requesting sensor data related to the threat can include classifying the threat as a type of threat. For example, the monitoring server  430  can classify a threat as a water-related threat, a fire-related threat, or a security-related threat. The monitoring server  430  can identify a component of the monitoring system that is configured to detect the type of threat or to guard against the type of threat, and can request sensor data that indicates a status of the identified component of the monitoring system. For example, for a fire-related threat, the monitoring server  430  can identify that a smoke detector is installed to detect fire at the property, and that a sprinkler system is installed to guard against fires at the property. The monitoring server  430  can request sensor data from the smoke detector and from the sprinkler system. 
     In another example, for a security-related threat, the monitoring server  430  can identify a security camera at the property that are configured to detect security events, e.g., break-ins, at the property. The monitoring server  430  can identify a door lock that is configured to guard against break-ins at the property. The monitoring server  430  can request sensor data from the security camera and from the door lock. 
     The process  550  includes receiving, from the sensor, the sensor data related to the threat ( 558 ). In some implementations, the sensor data related to the threat can include a status of the identified component of the monitoring system. In the fire-related example above, the sensor data from the smoke detector may indicate that fire is detected at the property. The sensor data from the sprinkler system may indicate that the sprinkler system has not been activated. In the security-related example above, the sensor data from the security camera may indicate an unknown person entering the property. The sensor data from the door lock may indicate that the door lock is unlocked. 
     In some implementations, the sensor data related to the threat can include an occupancy of the property. For example, the monitoring system may continuously monitor the occupancy, or number of people, at the property. The occupancy of the property may be based on, e.g., motion sensor data, camera images, and audio data collected at the property. The sensor data can include an occupancy of three people at the property. 
     The process  550  includes, based on analyzing the sensor data related to the threat, performing one or more monitoring system actions ( 560 ). The one or more monitoring system actions can include adjusting the identified component of the monitoring system that is configured to guard against the threat. For example, in the fire-related example, the monitoring server  430  may perform an action of adjusting an identified component of the monitoring system by activating the sprinkler system at the property. In the security-related example, the system may perform an action of adjusting an identified component of the monitoring system by locking the door lock. 
     The one or more monitoring system actions can include generating, based on the satellite data, a navigable route for an autonomous vehicle at the property. For example, a security-related event may occur at a large property, e.g., a school campus, a farm, a power plant, etc. Based on the satellite data, the system may determine that an unauthorized vehicle entered the property at an entrance point. The system can then generate a navigable route for an autonomous vehicle to maneuver toward the entrance point, based on the satellite data. The navigable route can account for obstacles and terrain abnormalities between the starting location of the autonomous vehicle, e.g., a docking station, and the entrance point. 
     The one or more monitoring system actions can include sending, to a user device, a notification that the property is at risk from the threat. For example, the system may send a notification to a user device of a user associated with the property, e.g., a resident or owner of the property. The system may send the notification, e.g., by push, text, email, or critical alerts. In some implementations, the system may send a notification to a central alarm station or to a public safety or emergency response service. The notification can indicate that the property is at risk from the threat. The notification can also indicate a type of threat, a projected time of danger to the property, an escape route from the property, etc. The notification may also indicate an occupancy of the property, including a number of people located at the property and a number of people who have escaped from the property. 
     In some implementations, based on analyzing the sensor data related to the threat, the system can adjust a frequency of obtaining satellite data related to conditions of the property. For example, the system may typically receive satellite data at a frequency of once per hour. Based on analyzing the sensor data related to the threat, the system may adjust the frequency of obtaining the satellite data. For example, based on analyzing camera images showing the unrecognized vehicle entering the gate of the property, the system can increase the frequency of obtaining satellite data, e.g., to once per minute. 
     In some implementations, the system can request an adjustment to a satellite. For example, the monitoring server  430  may communicate a request to the nanosatellite  410  to alter its orbit in order to achieve an enhanced view of the property, or a view from a different angle. In some implementations, the monitoring server  430  may request additional satellite data. For example, the monitoring server  430  may request updated imagery of the property, of the threat, or both. Based on the updated imagery, the monitoring server  430  can generate an updated escape route from the property or can generate a recommended route for first responders to navigate to the property. 
       FIG.  6    is a diagram illustrating an example of a home monitoring system  600 . The monitoring system  600  includes a network  605 , a control unit  610 , one or more user devices  640  and  650 , a monitoring server  660 , and a central alarm station server  670 . In some examples, the network  605  facilitates communications between the control unit  610 , the one or more user devices  640  and  650 , the monitoring server  660 , and the central alarm station server  670 . 
     The network  605  is configured to enable exchange of electronic communications between devices connected to the network  605 . For example, the network  605  may be configured to enable exchange of electronic communications between the control unit  610 , the one or more user devices  640  and  650 , the monitoring server  660 , and the central alarm station server  670 . The network  605  may include, for example, one or more of the Internet, Wide Area Networks (WANs), Local Area Networks (LANs), analog or digital wired and wireless telephone networks (e.g., a public switched telephone network (PSTN), Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), a cellular network, and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), radio, television, cable, satellite, or any other delivery or tunneling mechanism for carrying data. Network  605  may include multiple networks or subnetworks, each of which may include, for example, a wired or wireless data pathway. The network  605  may include a circuit-switched network, a packet-switched data network, or any other network able to carry electronic communications (e.g., data or voice communications). For example, the network  605  may include networks based on the Internet protocol (IP), asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), the PSTN, packet-switched networks based on IP, X.25, or Frame Relay, or other comparable technologies and may support voice using, for example, VoIP, or other comparable protocols used for voice communications. The network  605  may include one or more networks that include wireless data channels and wireless voice channels. The network  605  may be a wireless network, a broadband network, or a combination of networks including a wireless network and a broadband network. 
     The control unit  610  includes a controller  612  and a network module  614 . The controller  612  is configured to control a control unit monitoring system (e.g., a control unit system) that includes the control unit  610 . In some examples, the controller  612  may include a processor or other control circuitry configured to execute instructions of a program that controls operation of a control unit system. In these examples, the controller  612  may be configured to receive input from sensors, flow meters, or other devices included in the control unit system and control operations of devices included in the household (e.g., speakers, lights, doors, etc.). For example, the controller  612  may be configured to control operation of the network module  614  included in the control unit  610 . 
     The network module  614  is a communication device configured to exchange communications over the network  605 . The network module  614  may be a wireless communication module configured to exchange wireless communications over the network  605 . For example, the network module  614  may be a wireless communication device configured to exchange communications over a wireless data channel and a wireless voice channel. In this example, the network module  614  may transmit alarm data over a wireless data channel and establish a two-way voice communication session over a wireless voice channel. The wireless communication device may include one or more of a LTE module, a GSM module, a radio modem, cellular transmission module, or any type of module configured to exchange communications in one of the following formats: LTE, GSM or GPRS, CDMA, EDGE or EGPRS, EV-DO or EVDO, UMTS, or IP. 
     The network module  614  also may be a wired communication module configured to exchange communications over the network  605  using a wired connection. For instance, the network module  614  may be a modem, a network interface card, or another type of network interface device. The network module  614  may be an Ethernet network card configured to enable the control unit  610  to communicate over a local area network and/or the Internet. The network module  614  also may be a voice band modem configured to enable the alarm panel to communicate over the telephone lines of Plain Old Telephone Systems (POTS). 
     The control unit system that includes the control unit  610  includes one or more sensors. For example, the monitoring system may include multiple sensors  620 . The sensors  620  may include a lock sensor, a contact sensor, a motion sensor, or any other type of sensor included in a control unit system. The sensors  620  also may include an environmental sensor, such as a temperature sensor, a water sensor, a rain sensor, a wind sensor, a light sensor, a smoke detector, a carbon monoxide detector, an air quality sensor, etc. The sensors  620  further may include a health monitoring sensor, such as a prescription bottle sensor that monitors taking of prescriptions, a blood pressure sensor, a blood sugar sensor, a bed mat configured to sense presence of liquid (e.g., bodily fluids) on the bed mat, etc. In some examples, the health-monitoring sensor can be a wearable sensor that attaches to a user in the home. The health-monitoring sensor can collect various health data, including pulse, heart rate, respiration rate, sugar or glucose level, bodily temperature, or motion data. 
     The sensors  620  can also include a radio-frequency identification (RFID) sensor that identifies a particular article that includes a pre-assigned RFID tag. 
     The control unit  610  communicates with the home automation controls  622  and a camera  630  to perform monitoring. The home automation controls  622  are connected to one or more devices that enable automation of actions in the home. For instance, the home automation controls  622  may be connected to one or more lighting systems and may be configured to control operation of the one or more lighting systems. In addition, the home automation controls  622  may be connected to one or more electronic locks at the home and may be configured to control operation of the one or more electronic locks (e.g., control Z-Wave locks using wireless communications in the Z-Wave protocol). Further, the home automation controls  622  may be connected to one or more appliances at the home and may be configured to control operation of the one or more appliances. The home automation controls  622  may include multiple modules that are each specific to the type of device being controlled in an automated manner. The home automation controls  622  may control the one or more devices based on commands received from the control unit  610 . For instance, the home automation controls  622  may cause a lighting system to illuminate an area to provide a better image of the area when captured by a camera  630 . 
     The camera  630  may be a video/photographic camera or other type of optical sensing device configured to capture images. For instance, the camera  630  may be configured to capture images of an area within a building or home monitored by the control unit  610 . The camera  630  may be configured to capture single, static images of the area and also video images of the area in which multiple images of the area are captured at a relatively high frequency (e.g., thirty images per second). The camera  630  may be controlled based on commands received from the control unit  610 . 
     The camera  630  may be triggered by several different types of techniques. For instance, a Passive Infra-Red (PIR) motion sensor may be built into the camera  630  and used to trigger the camera  630  to capture one or more images when motion is detected. The camera  630  also may include a microwave motion sensor built into the camera and used to trigger the camera  630  to capture one or more images when motion is detected. The camera  630  may have a “normally open” or “normally closed” digital input that can trigger capture of one or more images when external sensors (e.g., the sensors  620 , PIR, door/window, etc.) detect motion or other events. In some implementations, the camera  630  receives a command to capture an image when external devices detect motion or another potential alarm event. The camera  630  may receive the command from the controller  612  or directly from one of the sensors  620 . 
     In some examples, the camera  630  triggers integrated or external illuminators (e.g., Infra-Red, Z-wave controlled “white” lights, lights controlled by the home automation controls  622 , etc.) to improve image quality when the scene is dark. An integrated or separate light sensor may be used to determine if illumination is desired and may result in increased image quality. 
     The camera  630  may be programmed with any combination of time/day schedules, system “arming state”, or other variables to determine whether images should be captured or not when triggers occur. The camera  630  may enter a low-power mode when not capturing images. In this case, the camera  630  may wake periodically to check for inbound messages from the controller  612 . The camera  630  may be powered by internal, replaceable batteries if located remotely from the control unit  610 . The camera  630  may employ a small solar cell to recharge the battery when light is available. Alternatively, the camera  630  may be powered by the controller&#39;s  612  power supply if the camera  630  is co-located with the controller  612 . 
     In some implementations, the camera  630  communicates directly with the monitoring server  660  over the Internet. In these implementations, image data captured by the camera  630  does not pass through the control unit  610  and the camera  630  receives commands related to operation from the monitoring server  660 . 
     The system  600  also includes thermostat  634  to perform dynamic environmental control at the home. The thermostat  634  is configured to monitor temperature and/or energy consumption of an HVAC system associated with the thermostat  634 , and is further configured to provide control of environmental (e.g., temperature) settings. In some implementations, the thermostat  634  can additionally or alternatively receive data relating to activity at a home and/or environmental data at a home, e.g., at various locations indoors and outdoors at the home. The thermostat  634  can directly measure energy consumption of the HVAC system associated with the thermostat, or can estimate energy consumption of the HVAC system associated with the thermostat  634 , for example, based on detected usage of one or more components of the HVAC system associated with the thermostat  634 . The thermostat  634  can communicate temperature and/or energy monitoring information to or from the control unit  610  and can control the environmental (e.g., temperature) settings based on commands received from the control unit  610 . 
     In some implementations, the thermostat  634  is a dynamically programmable thermostat and can be integrated with the control unit  610 . For example, the dynamically programmable thermostat  634  can include the control unit  610 , e.g., as an internal component to the dynamically programmable thermostat  634 . In addition, the control unit  610  can be a gateway device that communicates with the dynamically programmable thermostat  634 . In some implementations, the thermostat  634  is controlled via one or more home automation controls  622 . 
     A module  637  is connected to one or more components of an HVAC system associated with a home, and is configured to control operation of the one or more components of the HVAC system. In some implementations, the module  637  is also configured to monitor energy consumption of the HVAC system components, for example, by directly measuring the energy consumption of the HVAC system components or by estimating the energy usage of the one or more HVAC system components based on detecting usage of components of the HVAC system. The module  637  can communicate energy monitoring information and the state of the HVAC system components to the thermostat  634  and can control the one or more components of the HVAC system based on commands received from the thermostat  634 . 
     In some examples, the system  600  further includes one or more robotic devices  690 . The robotic devices  690  may be any type of robots that are capable of moving and taking actions that assist in home monitoring. For example, the robotic devices  690  may include drones that are capable of moving throughout a home based on automated control technology and/or user input control provided by a user. In this example, the drones may be able to fly, roll, walk, or otherwise move about the home. The drones may include helicopter type devices (e.g., quad copters), rolling helicopter type devices (e.g., roller copter devices that can fly and roll along the ground, walls, or ceiling) and land vehicle type devices (e.g., automated cars that drive around a home). In some cases, the robotic devices  690  may be devices that are intended for other purposes and merely associated with the system  600  for use in appropriate circumstances. For instance, a robotic vacuum cleaner device may be associated with the monitoring system  600  as one of the robotic devices  690  and may be controlled to take action responsive to monitoring system events. 
     In some examples, the robotic devices  690  automatically navigate within a home. In these examples, the robotic devices  690  include sensors and control processors that guide movement of the robotic devices  690  within the home. For instance, the robotic devices  690  may navigate within the home using one or more cameras, one or more proximity sensors, one or more gyroscopes, one or more accelerometers, one or more magnetometers, a global positioning system (GPS) unit, an altimeter, one or more sonar or laser sensors, and/or any other types of sensors that aid in navigation about a space. The robotic devices  690  may include control processors that process output from the various sensors and control the robotic devices  690  to move along a path that reaches the desired destination and avoids obstacles. In this regard, the control processors detect walls or other obstacles in the home and guide movement of the robotic devices  690  in a manner that avoids the walls and other obstacles. 
     In addition, the robotic devices  690  may store data that describes attributes of the home. For instance, the robotic devices  690  may store a floorplan and/or a three-dimensional model of the home that enables the robotic devices  690  to navigate the home. During initial configuration, the robotic devices  690  may receive the data describing attributes of the home, determine a frame of reference to the data (e.g., a home or reference location in the home), and navigate the home based on the frame of reference and the data describing attributes of the home. Further, initial configuration of the robotic devices  690  also may include learning of one or more navigation patterns in which a user provides input to control the robotic devices  690  to perform a specific navigation action (e.g., fly to an upstairs bedroom and spin around while capturing video and then return to a home charging base). In this regard, the robotic devices  690  may learn and store the navigation patterns such that the robotic devices  690  may automatically repeat the specific navigation actions upon a later request. 
     In some examples, the robotic devices  690  may include data capture and recording devices. In these examples, the robotic devices  690  may include one or more cameras, one or more motion sensors, one or more microphones, one or more biometric data collection tools, one or more temperature sensors, one or more humidity sensors, one or more air flow sensors, and/or any other types of sensors that may be useful in capturing monitoring data related to the home and users in the home. The one or more biometric data collection tools may be configured to collect biometric samples of a person in the home with or without contact of the person. For instance, the biometric data collection tools may include a fingerprint scanner, a hair sample collection tool, a skin cell collection tool, and/or any other tool that allows the robotic devices  690  to take and store a biometric sample that can be used to identify the person (e.g., a biometric sample with DNA that can be used for DNA testing). 
     In some implementations, the robotic devices  690  may include output devices. In these implementations, the robotic devices  690  may include one or more displays, one or more speakers, and/or any type of output devices that allow the robotic devices  690  to communicate information to a nearby user. 
     The robotic devices  690  also may include a communication module that enables the robotic devices  690  to communicate with the control unit  610 , each other, and/or other devices. The communication module may be a wireless communication module that allows the robotic devices  690  to communicate wirelessly. For instance, the communication module may be a Wi-Fi module that enables the robotic devices  690  to communicate over a local wireless network at the home. The communication module further may be a 900 MHz wireless communication module that enables the robotic devices  690  to communicate directly with the control unit  610 . Other types of short-range wireless communication protocols, such as Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, Z-wave, Zigbee, etc., may be used to allow the robotic devices  690  to communicate with other devices in the home. In some implementations, the robotic devices  690  may communicate with each other or with other devices of the system  600  through the network  605 . 
     The robotic devices  690  further may include processor and storage capabilities. The robotic devices  690  may include any suitable processing devices that enable the robotic devices  690  to operate applications and perform the actions described throughout this disclosure. In addition, the robotic devices  690  may include solid-state electronic storage that enables the robotic devices  690  to store applications, configuration data, collected sensor data, and/or any other type of information available to the robotic devices  690 . 
     The robotic devices  690  are associated with one or more charging stations. The charging stations may be located at predefined home base or reference locations in the home. The robotic devices  690  may be configured to navigate to the charging stations after completion of tasks needed to be performed for the monitoring system  600 . For instance, after completion of a monitoring operation or upon instruction by the control unit  610 , the robotic devices  690  may be configured to automatically fly to and land on one of the charging stations. In this regard, the robotic devices  690  may automatically maintain a fully charged battery in a state in which the robotic devices  690  are ready for use by the monitoring system  600 . 
     The charging stations may be contact based charging stations and/or wireless charging stations. For contact based charging stations, the robotic devices  690  may have readily accessible points of contact that the robotic devices  690  are capable of positioning and mating with a corresponding contact on the charging station. For instance, a helicopter type robotic device may have an electronic contact on a portion of its landing gear that rests on and mates with an electronic pad of a charging station when the helicopter type robotic device lands on the charging station. The electronic contact on the robotic device may include a cover that opens to expose the electronic contact when the robotic device is charging and closes to cover and insulate the electronic contact when the robotic device is in operation. 
     For wireless charging stations, the robotic devices  690  may charge through a wireless exchange of power. In these cases, the robotic devices  690  need only locate themselves closely enough to the wireless charging stations for the wireless exchange of power to occur. In this regard, the positioning needed to land at a predefined home base or reference location in the home may be less precise than with a contact based charging station. Based on the robotic devices  690  landing at a wireless charging station, the wireless charging station outputs a wireless signal that the robotic devices  690  receive and convert to a power signal that charges a battery maintained on the robotic devices  690 . 
     In some implementations, each of the robotic devices  690  has a corresponding and assigned charging station such that the number of robotic devices  690  equals the number of charging stations. In these implementations, the robotic devices  690  always navigate to the specific charging station assigned to that robotic device. For instance, a first robotic device may always use a first charging station and a second robotic device may always use a second charging station. 
     In some examples, the robotic devices  690  may share charging stations. For instance, the robotic devices  690  may use one or more community charging stations that are capable of charging multiple robotic devices  690 . The community charging station may be configured to charge multiple robotic devices  690  in parallel. The community charging station may be configured to charge multiple robotic devices  690  in serial such that the multiple robotic devices  690  take turns charging and, when fully charged, return to a predefined home base or reference location in the home that is not associated with a charger. The number of community charging stations may be less than the number of robotic devices  690 . 
     In addition, the charging stations may not be assigned to specific robotic devices  690  and may be capable of charging any of the robotic devices  690 . In this regard, the robotic devices  690  may use any suitable, unoccupied charging station when not in use. For instance, when one of the robotic devices  690  has completed an operation or is in need of battery charge, the control unit  610  references a stored table of the occupancy status of each charging station and instructs the robotic device to navigate to the nearest charging station that is unoccupied. 
     The system  600  further includes one or more integrated security devices  680 . The one or more integrated security devices may include any type of device used to provide alerts based on received sensor data. For instance, the one or more control units  610  may provide one or more alerts to the one or more integrated security input/output devices  680 . Additionally, the one or more control units  610  may receive one or more sensor data from the sensors  620  and determine whether to provide an alert to the one or more integrated security input/output devices  680 . 
     The sensors  620 , the home automation controls  622 , the camera  630 , the thermostat  634 , and the integrated security devices  680  may communicate with the controller  612  over communication links  624 ,  626 ,  628 ,  632 ,  638 , and  684 . The communication links  624 ,  626 ,  628 ,  632 ,  638 , and  684  may be a wired or wireless data pathway configured to transmit signals from the sensors  620 , the home automation controls  622 , the camera  630 , the thermostat  634 , and the integrated security devices  680  to the controller  612 . The sensors  620 , the home automation controls  622 , the camera  630 , the thermostat  634 , and the integrated security devices  680  may continuously transmit sensed values to the controller  612 , periodically transmit sensed values to the controller  612 , or transmit sensed values to the controller  612  in response to a change in a sensed value. 
     The communication links  624 ,  626 ,  628 ,  632 ,  638 , and  684  may include a local network. The sensors  620 , the home automation controls  622 , the camera  630 , the thermostat  634 , and the integrated security devices  680 , and the controller  612  may exchange data and commands over the local network. The local network may include 802.11 “Wi-Fi” wireless Ethernet (e.g., using low-power Wi-Fi chipsets), Z-Wave, Zigbee, Bluetooth, “Homeplug” or other “Powerline” networks that operate over AC wiring, and a Category 5 (CATS) or Category 6 (CAT6) wired Ethernet network. The local network may be a mesh network constructed based on the devices connected to the mesh network. 
     The monitoring server  660  is an electronic device configured to provide monitoring services by exchanging electronic communications with the control unit  610 , the one or more user devices  640  and  650 , and the central alarm station server  670  over the network  605 . For example, the monitoring server  660  may be configured to monitor events generated by the control unit  610 . In this example, the monitoring server  660  may exchange electronic communications with the network module  614  included in the control unit  610  to receive information regarding events detected by the control unit  610 . The monitoring server  660  also may receive information regarding events from the one or more user devices  640  and  650 . 
     In some examples, the monitoring server  660  may route alert data received from the network module  614  or the one or more user devices  640  and  650  to the central alarm station server  670 . For example, the monitoring server  660  may transmit the alert data to the central alarm station server  670  over the network  605 . 
     The monitoring server  660  may store sensor and image data received from the monitoring system and perform analysis of sensor and image data received from the monitoring system. Based on the analysis, the monitoring server  660  may communicate with and control aspects of the control unit  610  or the one or more user devices  640  and  650 . 
     The monitoring server  660  may provide various monitoring services to the system  600 . For example, the monitoring server  660  may analyze the sensor, image, and other data to determine an activity pattern of a resident of the home monitored by the system  600 . In some implementations, the monitoring server  660  may analyze the data for alarm conditions or may determine and perform actions at the home by issuing commands to one or more of the controls  622 , possibly through the control unit  610 . 
     The monitoring server  660  can be configured to provide information (e.g., activity patterns) related to one or more residents of the home monitored by the system  600  (e.g., resident  112 ). For example, one or more of the sensors  620 , the home automation controls  622 , the camera  630 , the thermostat  634 , and the integrated security devices  680  can collect data related to a resident including location information (e.g., if the resident is home or is not home) and provide location information to the thermostat  634 . 
     The central alarm station server  670  is an electronic device configured to provide alarm monitoring service by exchanging communications with the control unit  610 , the one or more user devices  640  and  650 , and the monitoring server  660  over the network  605 . For example, the central alarm station server  670  may be configured to monitor alerting events generated by the control unit  610 . In this example, the central alarm station server  670  may exchange communications with the network module  614  included in the control unit  610  to receive information regarding alerting events detected by the control unit  610 . The central alarm station server  670  also may receive information regarding alerting events from the one or more user devices  640  and  650  and/or the monitoring server  660 . 
     The central alarm station server  670  is connected to multiple terminals  672  and  674 . The terminals  672  and  674  may be used by operators to process alerting events. For example, the central alarm station server  670  may route alerting data to the terminals  672  and  674  to enable an operator to process the alerting data. The terminals  672  and  674  may include general-purpose computers (e.g., desktop personal computers, workstations, or laptop computers) that are configured to receive alerting data from a server in the central alarm station server  670  and render a display of information based on the alerting data. For instance, the controller  612  may control the network module  614  to transmit, to the central alarm station server  670 , alerting data indicating that a sensor  620  detected motion from a motion sensor via the sensors  620 . The central alarm station server  670  may receive the alerting data and route the alerting data to the terminal  672  for processing by an operator associated with the terminal  672 . The terminal  672  may render a display to the operator that includes information associated with the alerting event (e.g., the lock sensor data, the motion sensor data, the contact sensor data, etc.) and the operator may handle the alerting event based on the displayed information. 
     In some implementations, the terminals  672  and  674  may be mobile devices or devices designed for a specific function. Although  FIG.  6    illustrates two terminals for brevity, actual implementations may include more (and, perhaps, many more) terminals. 
     The one or more authorized user devices  640  and  650  are devices that host and display user interfaces. For instance, the user device  640  is a mobile device that hosts or runs one or more native applications (e.g., the home monitoring application  642 ). The user device  640  may be a cellular phone or a non-cellular locally networked device with a display. The user device  640  may include a cell phone, a smart phone, a tablet PC, a personal digital assistant (“PDA”), or any other portable device configured to communicate over a network and display information. For example, implementations may also include Blackberry-type devices (e.g., as provided by Research in Motion), electronic organizers, iPhone-type devices (e.g., as provided by Apple), iPod devices (e.g., as provided by Apple) or other portable music players, other communication devices, and handheld or portable electronic devices for gaming, communications, and/or data organization. The user device  640  may perform functions unrelated to the monitoring system, such as placing personal telephone calls, playing music, playing video, displaying pictures, browsing the Internet, maintaining an electronic calendar, etc. 
     The user device  640  includes a home monitoring application  652 . The home monitoring application  642  refers to a software/firmware program running on the corresponding mobile device that enables the user interface and features described throughout. The user device  640  may load or install the home monitoring application  642  based on data received over a network or data received from local media. The home monitoring application  642  runs on mobile devices platforms, such as iPhone, iPod touch, Blackberry, Google Android, Windows Mobile, etc. The home monitoring application  642  enables the user device  640  to receive and process image and sensor data from the monitoring system. 
     The user device  640  may be a general-purpose computer (e.g., a desktop personal computer, a workstation, or a laptop computer) that is configured to communicate with the monitoring server  660  and/or the control unit  610  over the network  605 . The user device  640  may be configured to display a smart home user interface  652  that is generated by the user device  640  or generated by the monitoring server  660 . For example, the user device  640  may be configured to display a user interface (e.g., a web page) provided by the monitoring server  660  that enables a user to perceive images captured by the camera  630  and/or reports related to the monitoring system. Although  FIG.  6    illustrates two user devices for brevity, actual implementations may include more (and, perhaps, many more) or fewer user devices. 
     In some implementations, the one or more user devices  640  and  650  communicate with and receive monitoring system data from the control unit  610  using the communication link  638 . For instance, the one or more user devices  640  and  650  may communicate with the control unit  610  using various local wireless protocols such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Z-wave, Zigbee, HomePlug (ethernet over power line), or wired protocols such as Ethernet and USB, to connect the one or more user devices  640  and  650  to local security and automation equipment. The one or more user devices  640  and  650  may connect locally to the monitoring system and its sensors and other devices. The local connection may improve the speed of status and control communications because communicating through the network  605  with a remote server (e.g., the monitoring server  660 ) may be significantly slower. 
     Although the one or more user devices  640  and  650  are shown as communicating with the control unit  610 , the one or more user devices  640  and  650  may communicate directly with the sensors and other devices controlled by the control unit  610 . In some implementations, the one or more user devices  640  and  650  replace the control unit  610  and perform the functions of the control unit  610  for local monitoring and long range/offsite communication. 
     In other implementations, the one or more user devices  640  and  650  receive monitoring system data captured by the control unit  610  through the network  605 . The one or more user devices  640 ,  650  may receive the data from the control unit  610  through the network  605  or the monitoring server  660  may relay data received from the control unit  610  to the one or more user devices  640  and  650  through the network  605 . In this regard, the monitoring server  660  may facilitate communication between the one or more user devices  640  and  650  and the monitoring system. 
     In some implementations, the one or more user devices  640  and  650  may be configured to switch whether the one or more user devices  640  and  650  communicate with the control unit  610  directly (e.g., through link  638 ) or through the monitoring server  660  (e.g., through network  605 ) based on a location of the one or more user devices  640  and  650 . For instance, when the one or more user devices  640  and  650  are located close to the control unit  610  and in range to communicate directly with the control unit  610 , the one or more user devices  640  and  650  use direct communication. When the one or more user devices  640  and  650  are located far from the control unit  610  and not in range to communicate directly with the control unit  610 , the one or more user devices  640  and  650  use communication through the monitoring server  660 . 
     Although the one or more user devices  640  and  650  are shown as being connected to the network  605 , in some implementations, the one or more user devices  640  and  650  are not connected to the network  605 . In these implementations, the one or more user devices  640  and  650  communicate directly with one or more of the monitoring system components and no network (e.g., Internet) connection or reliance on remote servers is needed. 
     In some implementations, the one or more user devices  640  and  650  are used in conjunction with only local sensors and/or local devices in a house. In these implementations, the system  600  includes the one or more user devices  640  and  650 , the sensors  620 , the home automation controls  622 , the camera  630 , and the robotic devices  690 . The one or more user devices  640  and  650  receive data directly from the sensors  620 , the home automation controls  622 , the camera  630 , and the robotic devices  690 , and sends data directly to the sensors  620 , the home automation controls  622 , the camera  630 , and the robotic devices  690 . The one or more user devices  640 ,  650  provide the appropriate interfaces/processing to provide visual surveillance and reporting. 
     In other implementations, the system  600  further includes network  605  and the sensors  620 , the home automation controls  622 , the camera  630 , the thermostat  634 , and the robotic devices  690 , and are configured to communicate sensor and image data to the one or more user devices  640  and  650  over network  605  (e.g., the Internet, cellular network, etc.). In yet another implementation, the sensors  620 , the home automation controls  622 , the camera  630 , the thermostat  634 , and the robotic devices  690  (or a component, such as a bridge/router) are intelligent enough to change the communication pathway from a direct local pathway when the one or more user devices  640  and  650  are in close physical proximity to the sensors  620 , the home automation controls  622 , the camera  630 , the thermostat  634 , and the robotic devices  690  to a pathway over network  605  when the one or more user devices  640  and  650  are farther from the sensors  620 , the home automation controls  622 , the camera  630 , the thermostat  634 , and the robotic devices  690 . 
     In some examples, the system leverages GPS information from the one or more user devices  640  and  650  to determine whether the one or more user devices  640  and  650  are close enough to the sensors  620 , the home automation controls  622 , the camera  630 , the thermostat  634 , and the robotic devices  690  to use the direct local pathway or whether the one or more user devices  640  and  650  are far enough from the sensors  620 , the home automation controls  622 , the camera  630 , the thermostat  634 , and the robotic devices  690  that the pathway over network  605  is required. 
     In other examples, the system leverages status communications (e.g., pinging) between the one or more user devices  640  and  650  and the sensors  620 , the home automation controls  622 , the camera  630 , the thermostat  634 , and the robotic devices  690  to determine whether communication using the direct local pathway is possible. If communication using the direct local pathway is possible, the one or more user devices  640  and  650  communicate with the sensors  620 , the home automation controls  622 , the camera  630 , the thermostat  634 , and the robotic devices  690  using the direct local pathway. If communication using the direct local pathway is not possible, the one or more user devices  640  and  650  communicate with the sensors  620 , the home automation controls  622 , the camera  630 , the thermostat  634 , and the robotic devices  690  using the pathway over network  605 . 
     In some implementations, the system  600  provides end users with access to images captured by the camera  630  to aid in decision making. The system  600  may transmit the images captured by the camera  630  over a wireless WAN network to the user devices  640  and  650 . Because transmission over a wireless WAN network may be relatively expensive, the system  600  can use several techniques to reduce costs while providing access to significant levels of useful visual information (e.g., compressing data, down-sampling data, sending data only over inexpensive LAN connections, or other techniques). 
     In some implementations, a state of the monitoring system and other events sensed by the monitoring system may be used to enable/disable video/image recording devices (e.g., the camera  630 ). In these implementations, the camera  630  may be set to capture images on a periodic basis when the alarm system is armed in an “away” state, but set not to capture images when the alarm system is armed in a “home” state or disarmed. In addition, the camera  630  may be triggered to begin capturing images when the alarm system detects an event, such as an alarm event, a door-opening event for a door that leads to an area within a field of view of the camera  630 , or motion in the area within the field of view of the camera  630 . In other implementations, the camera  630  may capture images continuously, but the captured images may be stored or transmitted over a network when needed. 
     The system  600  further includes a nanosatellite  695  in communication with the monitoring server  660  through a communication link  697 , which similarly to as described above in regards to communication links  624 ,  626 ,  628 ,  632 ,  638 , and  684 , may be wired or wireless and include a local network. The nanosatellite  695  may be the nanosatellite  110 , the control unit  610  may be the control unit  106 , the sensors  620  may include the sensors  104 , the automation controls  622  may include the front door and the tornado shutters, and the monitoring server  660  may be the monitoring server  130 . 
     The described systems, methods, and techniques may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, computer hardware, firmware, software, or in combinations of these elements. Apparatus implementing these techniques may include appropriate input and output devices, a computer processor, and a computer program product tangibly embodied in a machine-readable storage device for execution by a programmable processor. A process implementing these techniques may be performed by a programmable processor executing a program of instructions to perform desired functions by operating on input data and generating appropriate output. The techniques may be implemented in one or more computer programs that are executable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor coupled to receive data and instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device. 
     Each computer program may be implemented in a high-level procedural or object-oriented programming language, or in assembly or machine language if desired; and in any case, the language may be a compiled or interpreted language. Suitable processors include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory and/or a random access memory. Storage devices suitable for tangibly embodying computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, such as Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM). Any of the foregoing may be supplemented by, or incorporated in, specially designed ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits). 
     It will be understood that various modifications may be made. For example, other useful implementations could be achieved if steps of the disclosed techniques were performed in a different order and/or if components in the disclosed systems were combined in a different manner and/or replaced or supplemented by other components. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the disclosure.