Patent Publication Number: US-9839805-B2

Title: Apparatuses, systems, and methods for improvement of physical fitness

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/531,657, filed Nov. 3, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/368,916, filed Feb. 8, 2012, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/440,673, filed Feb. 8, 2011, all of which applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates generally to improvement of physical fitness and, more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to an apparatus that can be used to perform a variety of exercises with a variety of levels of assistance and/or resistance. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     Examples of exercise apparatuses are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,217,227; U.S. Pat. No. 7,651,448; U.S. Pat. No. 8,012,071; and U.S. Pat. No. 8,033,966. 
     SUMMARY 
     This disclosure includes embodiments of apparatuses, systems, kits, and methods. Some embodiments can, for example, be useful for recreational exercise, rehabilitative exercise (e.g., after injury, surgery, joint replacement, etc.). 
     Some embodiments of the present apparatuses comprise: a strap having a first end, a second end, a length between the first end and the second end, the strap having an elastic portion between and spaced apart from the first end and the second end; a first handle configured to be coupled to the strap on a first side of the elastic portion such that the first handle is spaced apart from the elastic portion; a second handle configured to be coupled to the strap on a second side of the elastic portion such that the second handle is spaced apart from the elastic portion; and one or more suspension members configured to be coupled (i) to the strap at a first point between the elastic portion and the first handle, and at a second point between the elastic portion and the second handle, and (ii) to be coupled to a supporting structure. 
     In some embodiments of the present apparatuses, the strap includes a strap assembly comprising: an elastic segment that includes at least a part of the elastic portion of the strap; a first substantially-inelastic segment configured to be coupled to the elastic segment and to extend to the first end of the strap; and a second substantially-inelastic segment configured to be coupled to the elastic segment and to extend to the second end of the strap. In some embodiments, the elastic segment comprises at least one of: natural rubber, synthetic rubber, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the elastic segment comprises a plurality of strands of material. In some embodiments, the first substantially inelastic segment and second substantially inelastic segment are each configured to be removably coupled to the elastic segment. Some embodiments further comprise: a first connector configured to couple the first substantially-inelastic segment to the elastic segment; and a second connector configured to couple the second substantially-inelastic segment to the elastic segment. 
     Some embodiments of the present apparatuses further comprise: a first adjuster coupled to the one or more suspension members, and coupled to the strap between the first end of the strap and the elastic portion; a second adjuster coupled to the one or more suspension members, and coupled to the strap between the second end of the strap and the elastic portion. In some embodiments, the first and second adjusters are each configured such that (i) if the adjuster is in a first configuration, the adjuster will slide relative to the strap; and (ii) if the adjuster is in a second configuration, the adjuster will resist sliding relative to the strap. In some embodiments, the first and second adjusters are configured to remain in the second configuration if there is tension in a portion of the strap between the adjuster and the elastic portion. Some embodiments further comprise: a first locking member coupled to the one or more suspension members and coupled to the strap to resist sliding of the first adjuster relative to the strap in the absence of tension in the portion of the strap between the first adjuster and the elastic portion; and a second locking member coupled to the one or more suspension members and coupled to the strap to resist sliding of the second adjuster relative to the strap in the absence of tension in the portion of the strap between the second adjuster and the elastic portion. In some embodiments, the first and second adjusters each comprises: a body having an opening disposed in a first plane, and a pair of spaced-apart slots each disposed in a second plane that is not parallel to the first plane; and a rod configured to extend between and into each of the spaced-apart slots such that the rod is slidable relative to the body; where the strap extends through the opening twice and around the rod. In some embodiments, the one or more suspension members comprise: a first suspension member having a first end and a second end, the first end configured to be coupled to first adjuster, and the second end configured to be coupled to a supporting structure; and a second suspension member having a first end and a second end, the first end configured to be coupled to the second adjuster, and the second end configured to be coupled to a supporting structure. Some embodiments further comprise: a first connector coupled to second end of the first suspension member and configured to couple the first suspension member to a supporting structure; and a second connector coupled to second end of the second suspension member and configured to couple the second suspension member to a supporting structure. 
     In some embodiments of the present apparatuses, the first and second suspension members are each flexible. In some embodiments, the first handle and the second handle each comprises a ring. In some embodiments, the first handle and the second handle each comprises a flexible portion and a substantially rigid portion that cooperates with the flexible portion to define at least one loop. In some embodiments, the first handle and the second handle are each substantially rigid. Some embodiments further comprise: a supporting structure having a bar to which the one or more suspension members can be coupled. 
     In some embodiments of the present apparatuses, the one or more suspension members are configured to be coupled to a supporting structure and in substantially-fixed relation to the strap, with a part of the strap between the first and second points at which the one or more suspension members is coupled to the strap forming a U-shape onto which the feet of a user can be positioned such that the elastic portion can assist the user in performing pull-ups from the supporting structure. 
     In some embodiments of the present apparatuses, the one or more suspension members are configured to be coupled to a supporting structure and in substantially-fixed relation to the strap, with a part of the strap between the first and second points at which the one or more suspension members is coupled to the strap forming a U-shape onto which the trunk of a user can be positioned such that the elastic portion can assist the user in performing push-ups from the ground or from the handles. In some embodiments, the apparatus is further configured such that the elastic portion can assist the use in performing push-ups from the ground while the user&#39;s feet are positioned in the handles. 
     Some embodiments of the present kits comprise any embodiment of the present apparatuses that comprises a removable elastic segment (e.g., first and second substantially inelastic segments configured to be removably coupled to the elastic segment), where the elastic segment is a first elastic segment; and comprise an additional or alternate elastic segment. In some embodiments, the additional or alternate elastic segment has a higher modulus of elasticity than the first elastic segment. 
     Some embodiments of the present methods comprise: coupling the one or more suspension members of any embodiment of the present apparatuses to a supporting structure with a part of the strap between the first and second points at which the one or more suspension members are coupled to the strap forming a U-shape. 
     Some embodiments of the present methods comprise: positioning at least one foot of a user onto the U-shape and performing pull-ups such that the elastic portion assists the user in performing the pull-ups. 
     Some embodiments of the present methods comprise: positioning the trunk of a user onto the U-shape and performing push-ups such that the elastic portion assists the user in performing the push-ups. In some embodiments, at least one hand of the user is supported by a surface while performing the push-ups. In some embodiments, at least one hand of the user is supported by at least one of the handles while performing the push-ups. 
     Some embodiments of the present methods comprise: adjusting the position of the one or more suspension members relative to at least one of the first end of the strap and the second end of the strap. 
     Some embodiments of the present methods comprise: adjusting, after positioning at least one foot of the user, the position of the one or more suspension members relative to at least one of the first end of the strap and the second end of the strap to increase the length of strap between the first and second points at which the one or more suspension members is coupled to the strap. 
     Any embodiment of any of the devices, systems, and methods can consist of or consist essentially of—rather than comprise/include/contain/have—any of the described steps, elements, and/or features. Thus, in any of the claims, the term “consisting of” or “consisting essentially of” can be substituted for any of the open-ended linking verbs recited above, in order to change the scope of a given claim from what it would otherwise be using the open-ended linking verb. 
     The feature or features of one embodiment may be applied to other embodiments, even though not described or illustrated, unless expressly prohibited by this disclosure or the nature of the embodiments. 
     Details associated with the embodiments described above and others are presented below. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The following drawings illustrate by way of example and not limitation. For the sake of brevity and clarity, every feature of a given structure is not always labeled in every figure in which that structure appears. Identical reference numbers do not necessarily indicate an identical structure. Rather, the same reference number may be used to indicate a similar feature or a feature with similar functionality, as may non-identical reference numbers. The embodiments of the present bait stations and their components shown in the figures are drawn to scale. 
         FIGS. 1-2  depict perspective and side views, respectively, of one embodiment of the present apparatuses. 
         FIG. 3  depicts a user in a lower position of a pull-up assisted with the embodiment of  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
         FIG. 4  depicts a user in an upper position of a pull-up assisted with the embodiment of  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
         FIG. 5  depicts a user in a lower position of a first type of push-up assisted with the embodiment of  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
         FIG. 6  depicts a user in an upper position of the first type push-up of  FIG. 5 . 
         FIG. 7  depicts a user in an upper position of a second type of push-up assisted with the embodiment of  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
         FIG. 8  depicts a user in a lower position of the second type push-up of  FIG. 7 . 
         FIGS. 9A-9K  depict various views of components of one embodiment of an adjuster assembly for use with some embodiments of the present apparatuses. 
         FIGS. 10A and 10B  depict front and side views, respectively, of a locking member for use with some embodiments of the present apparatuses. 
         FIG. 11  depicts various views of a second embodiment of a handle suitable for use with some embodiments of the present apparatuses. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS 
     The term “coupled” is defined as connected, although not necessarily directly, and not necessarily mechanically; two items that are “coupled” may be unitary with each other. The terms “a” and “an” are defined as one or more unless this disclosure explicitly requires otherwise. The term “substantially” is defined as largely but not necessarily wholly what is specified (and includes what is specified; e.g., substantially 90 degrees includes 90 degrees and substantially parallel includes parallel), as understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art. In any disclosed embodiment, the terms “substantially,” “approximately,” and “about” may be substituted with “within [a percentage] of” what is specified, where the percentage includes 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 percent. 
     The terms “comprise” (and any form of comprise, such as “comprises” and “comprising”), “have” (and any form of have, such as “has” and “having”), “include” (and any form of include, such as “includes” and “including”) and “contain” (and any form of contain, such as “contains” and “containing”) are open-ended linking verbs. As a result, a bait station that “comprises,” “has,” “includes” or “contains” one or more elements possesses those one or more elements, but is not limited to possessing only those elements. Likewise, a method that “comprises,” “has,” “includes” or “contains” one or more steps possesses those one or more steps, but is not limited to possessing only those one or more steps. 
     Further, a device or system that is configured in a certain way is configured in at least that way, but it can also be configured in other ways than those specifically described. 
     Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to  FIGS. 1-2 , shown therein and designated by the reference numeral  10  is one embodiment of the present apparatuses. In the embodiment shown, apparatus  10  is generally portable and usable with different support structures (e.g., in different places), as described below in more detail. In the embodiment shown, apparatus  10  comprises: a strap (e.g., a primary strap)  14 , a first handle  18 , and a second handle  22 . Strap  14  can comprise any suitable material that permits apparatus  10  to function as described in this disclosure. For example, strap  14  can comprise a woven strap-like or webbing material with a flat cross-sectional shape (e.g., polyester, nylon, cotton, and/or the like), and/or having a width of at least, or between any two of: 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, or more inches. In the embodiment shown, handles  18  and  22  are each circular (e.g., similar to the circular handles used in gymnastics) that can comprise one or materials such as wood, polymer, and/or the like; and that can be coupled to strap  14  by doubling strap over itself around a portion of the handle and then affixing the strap to itself (e.g., with stitches, adhesive, rivets, and/or the like) to form a loop, as shown. In the embodiment shown, strap  14  has a first end  26 , a second end  30 , and a length between first end  26  and second end  30 . In the embodiment shown, strap  14  also includes an elastic portion  34  between and spaced apart from first end  26  and second end  30 . 
     Elastic portion  34  can, for example, comprise at least one of: natural rubber (e.g., latex), synthetic rubber (e.g., latex), rubberized neoprene, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, various natural gums, shock cord or bungee cord, and/or various other elastic materials, or a combination of any two or more of the foregoing; and/or can comprise a plurality of strands of material (e.g., in a woven, or laminated configuration). Elastic portion  34  can also have any suitable modulus of elasticity and/or tensile strength. For example, in some embodiments, elastic portion  34  has a tensile strength of at least 300 lbs, 500 lbs, 750 lbs, 1000 lbs, 1500 lbs, or more. In the embodiment shown, first handle  18  is configured to be coupled to (and is shown coupled to) the strap on a first side of elastic portion  34  (e.g., at first end  26 , as shown) such that handle  18  is spaced apart from elastic portion  34 . Similarly, in the embodiment shown, second handle  22  is configured to be coupled (and is shown coupled) to the strap on a second side of elastic portion  34  (e.g., at second end  30 , as shown) such that handle  22  is spaced apart from elastic portion  34 . In other embodiments first end  26  can extend beyond handle  18  (e.g., such that handle  18  is configure to be coupled to strap between first end  26  and elastic portion  34 ); and/or second end  30  can extend beyond handle  22  (e.g., such that handle  22  is configured to be coupled to strap between second end  30  and elastic portion  34 ). In the embodiment shown, other than elastic portion  34 , strap  14  is substantially inelastic (e.g., may comprise woven strap material, such as, for example, any of the types of strap material used for automotive seatbelts, cargo tie-downs, and the like). In some embodiments, elastic portion  34  has a flat cross-sectional shape; and/or has a width substantially equal to the width of the portions of strap  14  between elastic portion  34  and ends  26  and  30  (e.g., of at least, or between any two of: 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, or more inches). For example, in some embodiments, the entire length of strap  14  (including elastic portion  34 ) has a flat cross-sectional shape with a nominal width of 2 inches (and, in some such embodiments, elastic portion  34  has a thickness of 4.75 millimeters). In some embodiments, elastic portion  34  is covered by a sleeve of material (e.g., cotton fabric), such as, for example, to provide a soft outer surface for contact with a user during use. 
     In some embodiments, apparatus  10  also comprises one or more suspension members configured to be coupled (i) to the strap at a first point  42  between elastic portion  34  and first handle  18 , and at a second point  46  between elastic portion  34  and second handle  22 ; and (ii) to be coupled to a supporting structure (e.g., bar  204 , as shown in  FIGS. 3-8 ). For example, in the embodiment shown, apparatus  10  comprises two suspension members: a first suspension member  38   a  that is configured to be coupled (i) to the strap at the first point  42 , and (ii) to be coupled to a supporting structure (e.g., bar  204 , as shown in  FIGS. 3-8 ); and a second suspension member  38   b  that is configured to be coupled to the strap at second point  46 , and to a supporting structure (e.g., bar  204 , as shown in  FIGS. 3-8 ). In other embodiments, a single supporting member can be configured to be coupled to the strap at both points  42  and  46 , and to a supporting structure (e.g., at one or more points). Points  42  and  46  can be spaced apart by a distance of, for example: equal to, greater than, or between any of: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, or more inches. In the embodiment shown, suspension members  38   a  and  38   b  comprise a flexible, substantially-inelastic strap material (e.g., may comprise woven strap material, such as, for example, any of the types of strap material used for automotive seatbelts, cargo tie-downs, and the like) similar to that of strap  14  (e.g., substantially-inelastic members  54  and  58 ), but having a smaller width (in other embodiments, suspension members can have a width that is less than or greater than that of members  54  and  58 ). For example, suspension members  38   a  and  38   b  can each comprise a woven strap-like or webbing material with a flat cross-sectional shape (e.g., polyester, nylon, cotton, and/or the like), and/or having a width of at least, or between any two of: 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, or more inches. In other embodiments, the one or more suspension members can be substantially rigid. 
     In the embodiment shown, strap  14  includes a strap assembly comprising: an elastic segment  50  that includes at least a part (e.g., all, as shown) of elastic portion  34 ; a first substantially-inelastic segment  54  configured to be coupled to elastic segment  50  and extend to first end  26  of the strap; and a second substantially-inelastic segment  58  configured to be coupled to elastic segment  34  and extend to second end  30  of the strap. In some embodiments, such as the one shown, first segment  54  is substantially identical to second segment  58 . Elastic segment  50  (e.g., elastic portion  34 ) can comprise, for example, at least one of: natural rubber (e.g., latex), synthetic rubber (e.g., latex), rubberized neoprene, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, various natural gums, shock cord or bungee cord, and/or various other elastic materials, or a combination of any two or more of the foregoing; and/or can comprise a plurality of strands of material (e.g., in a woven, or laminated configuration). In some embodiments, elastic segment  50  (e.g., and elastic portion  34 ) has a relaxed (un-stretched) length equal to, or between any two of: 12 inches, 18 inches, 24 inches, 30 inches, 36 inches, or more. In some embodiments, first and second segments  54  and  58  each has a length equal to, or between any two of: 4 feet, 5 feet, 6 feet, 7 feet, 8 feet, 9 feet, 10 feet, or more. 
     First and second segments  54  and  58  can be configured to be coupled to elastic segment in any manner that permits the apparatus to function as described in this disclose. In some embodiments, first and/or second segments  54  and  58  are non-removably coupled to elastic segment (e.g., by way of stitches, adhesives, rivets, and/or the like). For example, in the embodiment shown, first segment  54  and second segment  58  are each stitched (and/or crimped, glued, riveted, and/or the like) to elastic segment  50  in connection portions  62  that can overlap (e.g., do overlap in the embodiment shown) at least part of the elastic portion. In other embodiments, first substantially inelastic segment  54  and second substantially inelastic segment  58  are each configured to be removably coupled to elastic segment  50  (e.g., via connectors such as, for example: clips, buckles, clamps, or the like (not shown, but suitable types of buckles and connectors are used for automotive seat-belt buckles, other canvas straps, and the like)). Such embodiments can further comprise: a first connector (not shown, but at or in place of connection portion  62 ) configured to couple the first substantially-inelastic segment to the elastic segment; and a second connector (not shown, but at or in place of connection portion  62 ) configured to couple the second substantially-inelastic segment to the elastic segment. Some embodiments of the present kits comprise a plurality of elastic segments (e.g., each with a different modulus of elasticity or strength to provide different levels of assistance or resistance, as described in more detail below). 
     In some embodiments, apparatus  10  comprises a first adjuster  66  coupled to the one or more suspension members, and coupled to the strap between the first end of the strap and the elastic portion; and apparatus  10  comprises a second adjuster  70  coupled to the one or more suspension members, and coupled to the strap between the second end of the strap and the elastic portion. For example, in the embodiment shown, apparatus  10  comprises a first adjuster  66  coupled to first suspension member  38   a  and coupled to strap  14  between first end  26  and elastic portion  34 ; and apparatus  10  comprises a second adjuster  70  coupled to second suspension member  38   b  and coupled to strap  14  between second end  30  and elastic portion  34 . In the embodiment shown, first suspension member  38   a  is (e.g., non-removably) coupled in fixed relation to adjuster  66 , and second suspension member  38   b  is (e.g., non-removably) coupled in fixed relation to adjuster  70 . In the embodiment shown, adjusters  66  and  70  are each configured such that (i) if the adjuster is in a first configuration, the adjuster will slide relative to strap  14  (e.g., to adjust the position of point  42  or  46 , and thereby the length of strap  14  that is between the adjuster and the respective first end  26  or second end  30  of the strap); and (ii) if the adjuster is in a second configuration, the adjuster will resist sliding relative to the strap (such that the length of strap  14  that is between the adjuster and the respective first end  26  or second end  30  of strap  14  is substantially constant). For example, and as described in more detail below with reference to  FIGS. 9A-9K , adjusters  66  and  70  can comprise a mechanism that is similar in some respects to a type of mechanism often used in automotive lap belts to adjust the position of the buckle (and thereby the length of the lap belt). 
     In the embodiment shown, suspension members  38   a  and  38   b  are each non-removably coupled to the respective one of adjusters  66  or  70 . For example, in the embodiment shown, suspension members  38   a  and  38   b  loop through an opening (e.g., opening  324  described below with reference to  FIGS. 9B-9D ) and are securely fastened back to themselves (e.g., via stitches, adhesive, rivets, and/or the like). In other embodiments, adjusters  38   a  and  38   b  are removably coupled to their respective adjusters (e.g., via hooks, buckles, connectors, or the like). 
     In some embodiments, first suspension member  38   a  is configured to be coupled to adjuster  66  and a supporting structure such that adjuster  66  is spaced apart from a supporting structure if first suspension member  66  is coupled to the supporting structure; and second suspension member  38   b  is configured to be coupled to adjuster  70  and a supporting structure such that adjuster  70  is spaced apart from a supporting structure if second suspension member  38   b  is coupled to the supporting structure. For example, in the embodiment shown, first suspension member  38   a  has a first end  74  configured to be coupled (and shown coupled) to first adjuster  66 , and a second end  78  configured to be coupled to a supporting structure (e.g., as shown in  FIGS. 3-8 ); and second suspension member  38   b  has a first end  82  configured to be coupled (and shown coupled) to the second adjuster, and the second end  86  configured to be coupled to a supporting structure (e.g., as shown in  FIGS. 3-8 ). 
     In the embodiment shown, apparatus  10  also comprises: a first connector  94  coupled (and shown coupled) to second end  78  of the first suspension member and configured to couple the first suspension member to a supporting structure; and a second connector  98  coupled (and shown coupled) to second end of the second suspension member and configured to couple the second suspension member to a supporting structure. For example, in the embodiment shown, connectors  94  and  98  each comprises a carabiner. Additionally, in the embodiment shown, suspension members  38   a  and  38   b  each comprise an enlarged connection portion  102  (e.g., where each suspension member is doubled over and stitched to itself to hold the respective connector  94  or  98 ) having a thickness that is greater than the thickness of the rest of the respective suspension members  38   a  and  38   b . As such, connection portions  102  can also serve as connectors, such as, for example, to close suspension members  38   a  and/or  38   b  in a door (between the door and the door jamb) such that one or both of connection portions  102  are on one side of the door and the remainder of apparatus  10  is on the other side of the door (e.g., so that the door acts an anchor for the apparatus during use). In other embodiments, these connectors can comprise any suitable structure (e.g., clips, tabs, buckles, and/or the like. In some embodiments, suspension members  38   a  and  38   b  each has a length equal to, or between any two of: 12 inches, 18 inches, 24 inches, 28 inches, 30 inches, 36 inches, or more. For example, in some embodiments, segments  54  and  58  of strap  14  each has a length of 8 feet; elastic segment  50  (and elastic portion  30 ) has a relaxed length of 30 inches; and/or suspension members  38   a  and  38   b  each has a length of 28 inches. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 3-8 , shown there are examples of a use of the present apparatuses. In the embodiment shown, apparatus  10  is shown coupled to a supporting structure  200 . In the embodiment shown, supporting structure  200  includes a pull-up bar  204  (e.g., of sufficient strength to permit a user  208  to perform standard body-weight pull-ups) such as, for example, that may be part of a gym rack or other exercise equipment, a playground gym, or the like. In the embodiment shown, suspension members  38   a  and  38   b  are configured to be coupled (and are shown coupled) to the supporting structure via connectors  94  and  98  (e.g., the carabiners  94  and  98  can be hooked around bar  204 ). In other embodiments, suspension members  38   a  and  38   b  can be wrapped around the bar and the carabiners  94  and  98  each hooked around the respective suspension members  38   a  or  38   b  (or any other structure, pole, and/or the like), carabiners  94  and  98  can be hooked to each other such that suspension members  38   a  and  38   b  cooperate to loop around the bar (or any other structure, pole, and/or the like), and/or suspension members  38   a  and  38   b  can be coupled to the supporting structure in any other way that permits the apparatus to function as described in this disclose (e.g., eye-hooks can be secured to a supporting beam, such as, for example, the top of a suitably stable door frame). Some embodiments of the present apparatuses and systems include a supporting structure (e.g.,  200 ) having a bar (e.g.,  204 ) to which the one or more suspension members can be coupled. 
     In some embodiments, the one or more suspension members are coupled to in substantially-fixed relation to strap  14 , with a part of the strap between first and second points at which the one or more suspension members is coupled to the strap forming a U-shape  212  onto which the feet of a user  208  can be positioned (and are shown positioned) such that elastic portion  34  can assist the user in performing pull-ups from the supporting structure. For example, in the embodiment shown, first and second suspension members  38   a  and  38   b  are coupled in fixed relation to the strap (e.g., such that the part of the respective suspension member does not move longitudinally relative to the strap) via adjusters  66  and  70  that are in the second configuration discussed above (in which adjusters  66  and  70  resist sliding relative to the strap). 
     Examples of methods of using the apparatus can comprise any one or more of:
         coupling (e.g., as shown) the one or more suspension members (e.g.,  38   a  and  38   b ) to a supporting structure (e.g.,  200 ) with a part of strap  14  between first and second points  42  and  46  at which the one or more suspension members are coupled to the strap forming a U-shape  212 ;   adjusting the position of the one or more suspension members (e.g.,  38   a  and  38   b ) relative to at least one of first end  26  of the strap and second end  30  of the strap;   positioning at least one foot of a user  208  onto U-shape  212  ( FIGS. 3-4 );   performing pull-ups ( FIG. 4 ) such that the elastic portion assists the user in performing the pull-ups;   positioning the trunk (e.g., chest) of a user  208  onto U-shape  212  ( FIGS. 5-8 );   performing push-ups such that the elastic portion assists the user in performing the push-ups ( FIGS. 6 and 7 ); and/or   adjusting (e.g., after positioning at least one foot of the user and/or after the use performs one or more pull-ups), the position of the one or more suspension members (e.g.,  38   a  and  38   b ) relative to at least one of first end  26  of the strap and second end  30  of the strap to increase the length of strap between first and second points  42  and  46  at which the one or more suspension members are coupled to the strap.       

     The position of the one or more suspension members (e.g.,  38   a  and  38   b ) relative to at least one of first end  26  of the strap and second end  30  of the strap can be adjusted with adjuster  66  and/or adjuster  70 . For example, in the embodiment shown when tension is placed on strap below adjuster  66  (as indicated by arrow  216 ), adjuster  66  will resist sliding relative to the strap if adjuster is in the configuration shown (second configuration described above). However, if the tab or handle portion ( 320 ) of adjuster  66  is lifted relative to the strap, as described below, adjuster  66  will be permit a user to slide the adjuster (and thereby suspension member  38   a ) relative to strap  14 , to adjust the position of suspension member  38   a  relative to first end of strap  26 . Adjuster  70  can function in a similar manner to adjust the position of suspension member  38   b  relative to second end  30 . If the length of strap  14  that is between points  42  and  46  is adjusted such that U-shape does not touch surface (e.g., ground)  220  (or touches surface  220  less than it would if a user positioned one his or her feet onto the U-shape), then when the user positions one or more feet onto the U-shape, as shown, elastic portion  34  will stretch when the user positions one or more feet onto the U-shape (and provide a force in upward direction  228  that can assist the user in performing push-ups). In this way, the shorter the length of strap  14  that is between points  42  and  46  (such that elastic portion  34  stretches by a greater amount, and thereby causes a relatively greater tension in the elastic portion, when the user steps onto U-shape  212  of the strap), the greater the assistive force; and the longer the length of strap  14  that is between points  42  and  46  (such that elastic portion  34  stretches by a relatively smaller amount, and thereby causes a relatively smaller tension in the elastic portion, when the user steps onto U-shape  212  of the strap), the less the assistive force. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 4 , if one or more feet of a user (or knees, such as if the user is kneeling or lacks one or both lower legs) are positioned onto U-shape  212  of the strap, pull-ups can be performed such that elastic portion  34  assists the user in performing the pull-ups. 
     As a user&#39;s strength and/or skill improves over time, the length of strap  14  between points  42  and  46  can be increased (e.g., points  42  and  46  can be moved closer to respective ends  26  and  30 ) such that the assistive force provided by elastic portion  34  decreases, and the user must provide greater force to complete the pull-up (e.g., eventually performing full-body-weight pull-ups without assistance). As such, embodiments of the present apparatus can enable a user without sufficient strength and/or skill to full-body-weight pull-ups to perform pull-ups with a full range of motion. After completion of the assisted pull-ups, the position of the suspension members relative to the strap can be adjusted (via adjusters  66  and  70 ) to increase the length of the strap between adjusters  66  and  70  and thereby reduce (e.g., and eliminate) tension in elastic portion  34  before the user&#39;s foot or feet are removed from the U-shape ( 212 ). 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 6 and 7 , if the trunk (e.g., chest) of a user is positioned onto U-shape  212  of the strap, push-ups can be performed such that elastic portion  34  assists the user in performing the push-ups. As a user&#39;s strength and/or skill improves over time, the length of strap  14  between points  42  and  46  can be increased (e.g., points  42  and  46  can be moved closer to respective ends  26  and  30 ) such that the assistive force provided by elastic portion  34  decreases, and the user must provide greater force to complete the push-up (e.g., eventually performing full-body-weight push-ups without assistance). As such, embodiments of the present apparatus can enable a user without sufficient strength and/or skill to full-body-weight push-ups to perform push-ups with a full range of motion. As shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , at least one hand (e.g., both hands) of the user can be supported by handle  18  and/or handle  22  while performing the push-ups (e.g., such that the user will engage a greater number of stabilizer muscles because handles  18  and  22  are unstable (e.g., can move laterally in any direction if not stabilized by the user)); and/or at least one foot (e.g., both feet) of the user can be supported by the ground. As shown, in  FIGS. 7 and 8 , at least one hand (e.g., both hands) of the user can be supported by the surface (e.g., ground) while performing the push-ups; and at least one foot (e.g., both feet) of the user can be supported by handle  18  and/or handle  22  while performing the push-ups (e.g., such that the user will engage a greater number of stabilizer muscles because handles  18  and  22  are unstable (e.g., can move laterally in any direction if not stabilized by the user)). 
     Apparatus  10  can be used in a variety of other ways and for a variety of other exercises as well. For example, with suspension members  38   a  and  38   b  coupled to bar  200 , as shown, U-shape  212  can be extended horizontally such that a user  208  can stand in U-shape  212  of the strap and perform resisted running (such that elastic portion  34  resists motion of the user in the direction in which the user would travel if not held back by the strap). Elastic portion  34  can thus provide resistance for this and various other exercise (e.g., as opposed to providing assistance, as described above for the pull-ups and push-ups depicted in  FIGS. 3-8 ). 
       FIGS. 9A-9K  depict various views of components of one embodiment of an assembled adjuster (e.g.,  66  or  70 ) suitable for use with some embodiments of the present apparatuses. More specifically,  FIG. 9A  depicts a perspective view of the overall adjuster assembly  66 ,  FIGS. 9B-9D  depict various views of an adjuster frame or body  300 ,  FIGS. 9E-9G  depict various views of a handle extension member  304 ,  FIGS. 9H-9I  depict side and end views of a locking bar  308 ,  FIG. 9J  depicts a cutaway side view of adjuster frame  300  and locking bar  308  of adjuster  66  coupled to strap  14  and suspension member  38   a  to illustrate the function of adjuster  66 ; and  FIG. 9K  depicts a cutaway side view of a locking member  400  coupled to strap  14  and suspension member  38   a  in addition to adjuster  66  to illustrate the function of locking member  400 . Although  FIGS. 9A-9K  are described with reference to adjuster  66 , the structure and function of adjuster  70  are substantially identical in at least some embodiments. Additionally, dimensions (in inches) are shown for one non-limiting example of adjuster  66 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 9B-9D , in the embodiment shown, adjuster frame or body  300  includes a substantially-planar portion  312 , a pair of spaced-apart substantially-planar wing portions  316  that are not parallel (e.g., substantially perpendicular, as shown) to main portion  312 , and a handle or tab portion  320  extending from main portion  312 . In this embodiment, main portion  312  includes an elongated opening  324  disposed in a first plane (the plane of main portion  312 ) that has a width  328  at least as large as (e.g., larger than) the width of strap  14 . In this embodiment, body or frame  300  also includes a pair of spaced-apart slots  332  disposed in a second plane (the respective planes of wing portions  316 ). As shown, each slot  332  is angled along its length relative to main portion  312 , such that the distance between the slot and main portion  312  decreases as the distance from tab portion  320  increases. In this embodiment, handle portion  320  also includes a plurality of holes  336  for coupling body  300  to handle extension member  304 , as described below. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 9E-9G , handle extension portion  304  includes a cavity  340  for receiving body  300 , and a plurality of holes  344  configured to align with holes  336  of body  300  (such that screws can be threaded through holes  336  and into handle extension member  304 ). In this embodiment, handle extension member  304  has an elongated shape configured to extend a distance  348  past tab portion  320  of body  300  (if member  304  is coupled to body  300 ) to provide a lever that decreases the amount of force needed to actuate the adjuster  66 , as described below. In this embodiment, cavity  340  also includes an upper curved portion  352  that is configured to permit strap  14  to slide within the adjuster  66  when member  304  is coupled to body  300 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 9H and 9I , in this embodiment, locking bar  308  includes a main cylindrical portion  356  (e.g., having a width at least as large as the width of strap  14 ) and rectangular end portions  360  that are sized and/or shaped to be slidably received in slots  332  and prevent bar  308  from rotating relative to body  300 . Rod  308  is configured to extend between and into (i.e., such that rectangular end portions  360  extend into) each of slots  332  such that the rod is slidable relative to the body. The outer surface  364  of cylindrical portion can be knurled or otherwise textured to resist sliding of strap  14  relative to bar  308  when the adjuster is in a locked configuration, as described below. 
       FIG. 9J  depicts locking bar  308  coupled to body  300  with strap  14  and suspension member  38   a  coupled to the adjuster. In the embodiment shown, a portion of suspension member  38   a  extends through opening  324  and around a front part of portion  312  of body  300  (opposite tab portion  320 ), and is doubled over and affixed to itself (e.g., with stitches, adhesive, rivets, and/or the like) to form a loop, as shown. In the embodiment shown, strap  14  extends through opening  324  twice and around rod  308 . As described above, adjuster  66  is configured such that (i) if the adjuster is in a first (unlocked) configuration, the adjuster will slide relative to strap  14 ; and (ii) if the adjuster is in a second (locked) configuration, the adjuster will resist sliding relative to the strap. In  FIG. 9J , the adjuster is shown in the second (locked) configuration. More specifically, bar  308  is disposed at the end of the slot that is closest to main portion  312  of body  300 , such that if there is tension in direction  368  on the portion of strap  14  between adjuster  66  and elastic portion  34 , bar  308  will remain in the depicted position to lock strap against body  14  and thereby resist sliding of the strap relative to the adjuster  66 . To permit sliding of strap  14  relative to the adjuster (e.g., relative to bar  308  and body  300 ), handle portion  320  is moved in direction  372  away from strap  14  to cause bar  308  to slide away from handle portion  320  and permit strap to slide relative to bar  308  and body  300 . The rate at which strap  14  is permitted to slide relative to adjuster can be adjusted by changing the distance between handle portion  320  and strap  14  (e.g., the further handle portion  320  is lifted in direction  372  relative to strap  14 , the faster strap  14  will be permitted to slide relative to the adjuster). 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 9K and 10A-10B , an optional locking member  400  is shown for use with adjuster  66  to lock strap  14  relative to adjuster  66  even in the absence of tension in direction  368  on the portion of strap  14  between elastic portion  34  and adjuster  66  (e.g., if a user is using handle  18  without engaging elastic portion  34 ). In the embodiment shown, locking member  400  includes a substantially planar body  404  with two spaced-apart slots  408  and  412  each having a width equal to or larger (e.g., 5% larger) than the width of strap  14 . Body  404  also includes opening  416  and  420  in each end to permit strap  14  to be inserted into the respective slot  408  or  412 . As shown in  FIG. 9K , locking member  400  can be coupled to strap  14  such that the loop that couples suspension member  38   a  to body  300  is also disposed in slot  408 . In some embodiments, opening  416  is omitted such that suspension member  38  is non-removably disposed within slot  408 . In use, once the position of adjuster  66  relative to strap  14  is set to a desired position, both sections of strap  14  (on either side of bar  308 ) can be pinched and/or otherwise inserted through opening  320  into slot  312  such that strap  14  extends twice through slot  412 . In the configuration shown in  FIG. 9K , locking member  400  helps to resist sliding of strap  14  relative to adjuster  66 , even without tension in direction  368  on the portion of strap  14  between elastic portion  34  and adjuster  66  (e.g., with tension only in direction  376  on the portion of strap between adjuster  66  and handle  18 ). In other embodiments, any suitable locking member can be used to resist sliding of strap  14  relative to adjuster  66  in the absence of tension in direction  368  on the portion of strap  14  between elastic portion  34  and adjuster  66 . 
       FIG. 11  depicts a front view of an alternate handle  18   a  that can be used with the present apparatuses. Although  FIG. 11  is described with reference to handle  18   a , the structure of both handles is substantially identical in at least some embodiments. In the embodiment shown, strap  14  extends through the longitudinal opening of a substantially-rigid piece of circular tubing  450  and the strap is affixed to itself (e.g., with stitches, adhesive, rivets, and/or the like) such that tubing  450  and strap  14  cooperate to define a loop, as shown. In some embodiments, strap  14  extends twice through tube  450  to form a second flexible loop  454 . In other embodiments, loop  454  comprises a separate loop of material that also extends through tube  450 . 
     The above specification and examples provide a complete description of the structure and use of illustrative embodiments. Although certain embodiments have been described above with a certain degree of particularity, or with reference to one or more individual embodiments, those skilled in the art could make numerous alterations to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the scope of this invention. As such, the various illustrative embodiments of the present devices are not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, they include all modifications and alternatives falling within the scope of the claims, and embodiments other than the one shown may include some or all of the features of the depicted embodiment. For example, components may be omitted or combined as a unitary structure, and/or connections may be substituted. For example, some embodiments may omit the handles, and/or may omit the one or more suspension members. Further, where appropriate, aspects of any of the examples described above may be combined with aspects of any of the other examples described to form further examples having comparable or different properties and addressing the same or different problems. Similarly, it will be understood that the benefits and advantages described above may relate to one embodiment or may relate to several embodiments. 
     The claims are not intended to include, and should not be interpreted to include, means-plus- or step-plus-function limitations, unless such a limitation is explicitly recited in a given claim using the phrase(s) “means for” or “step for,” respectively.