Patent Publication Number: US-8537062-B1

Title: Low-profile antenna assemblies

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/895,379 filed Sep. 30, 2010 (published Apr. 5, 2012 as US2012/0081253). 
     This application is also a continuation-in-part and claims priority to PCT International Application No. PCT/US2011/054280 filed Sep. 30, 2011 (published Apr. 5, 2012 as WO2012/044968), which, in turn, claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/895,379 filed Sep. 30, 2010. 
     This application is also a continuation-in-part and claims priority to PCT International Application No. PCT/US2012/06985 filed Dec. 14, 2012, which, in turn, claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/570,534 filed Dec. 14, 2011. 
     The entire disclosures of the above four applications are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The present disclosure generally relates to antenna assemblies, and more particularly to low-profile antenna assemblies suitable for use with mobile platforms such as, for example, automobiles, etc. where the antenna assemblies are mountable to roofs, hoods, trunks, etc. of the automobiles. 
     BACKGROUND 
     This section provides background information related to the present disclosure which is not necessarily prior art. 
     Various different types of antennas are used in the automotive industry, including AM/FM radio antennas, satellite digital audio radio service antenna, global positioning system antennas, cell phone antennas, etc. Such antennas are commonly placed on roofs, hoods, or trunks of automobiles to help ensure that the antennas have unobstructed views overhead or toward the zenith. 
     SUMMARY 
     This section provides a general summary of the disclosure, and is not a comprehensive disclosure of its full scope or all of its features. 
     Example embodiments of the present disclosure are generally directed toward antenna assemblies suitable for use with mobile platforms. In one example embodiment, an antenna assembly generally includes a chassis configured to be mounted on a mobile platform, a first antenna coupled to the chassis and configured for use with AM/FM radio, and a second antenna coupled to the chassis and configured for use with at least one or more of cell phones, satellite digital audio radio services, global positioning systems, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, and digital audio broadcasting. The first antenna includes electrical conductors establishing a continuous electrical path around at least part of the first antenna and thereby defining an inductively loaded portion of the first antenna. And, an upper portion of the first antenna defines a capacitively loaded portion of the first antenna. 
     Example embodiments of the present disclosure are also generally directed toward low-profile antenna assemblies suitable for use with mobile platforms. In one example embodiment, an antenna assembly generally includes a chassis and at least two antennas co-located on the chassis. At least one of the at least two antennas located on the chassis includes an antenna operable at one or more frequencies ranging between about 140 kilohertz and about 110 megahertz. The antenna assembly has a height of about 60 millimeters or less. 
     Example embodiments of the present disclosure are also generally directed toward antennas configured for use with AM/FM radio. In one example embodiment, an antenna configured for use with AM/FM radio generally includes multiple electrical conductors located toward a first side surface of the antenna and multiple electrical conductors located toward an opposing second side surface of the antenna. The multiple electrical conductors are interconnected around at least part of the antenna to thereby establish a continuous electrical path around the at least part of the antenna and define an inductively loaded portion of the antenna. 
     Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. The description and specific examples in this summary are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. 
    
    
     
       DRAWINGS 
       The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only of selected embodiments and not all possible implementations, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an example embodiment of an antenna assembly including at least one or more aspects of the present disclosure shown installed to a roof of a car; 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of the antenna assembly of  FIG. 1  shown removed from the car; 
         FIG. 3  is an exploded perspective view of the antenna assembly of  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a forward perspective view of the antenna assembly of  FIG. 2  with a cover of the antenna assembly removed; 
         FIG. 5  is a right side perspective view of the antenna assembly of  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 6  is another right side perspective view of the antenna assembly of  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 7  is a rearward perspective view of the antenna assembly of  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 8  is a side elevation view of an example embodiment of an antenna assembly including at least one or more aspects of the present disclosure with a cover of the antenna assembly removed; 
         FIG. 9  is a top plan view of the antenna assembly of  FIG. 8 ; 
         FIG. 10  is a left side perspective view of an example embodiment of an antenna assembly including at least one or more aspects of the present disclosure with a cover of the antenna assembly removed; 
         FIG. 11  is a right side perspective view of the antenna assembly of  FIG. 10 ; 
         FIG. 12  is a top plan view of an antenna of the antenna assembly of  FIG. 10  configured for use with cell phones and shown adjacent a second printed circuit board of the antenna assembly of  FIG. 10 ; 
         FIG. 13  is a line graph illustrating vertical gain at frequencies ranging between about 88 Megahertz (MHz) and about 108 MHz for an antenna of the antenna assembly of  FIG. 10  configured for use with AM/FM radio; 
         FIGS. 14-18  are line graphs illustrating vertical gain for the cell phone antenna of the antenna assembly of  FIG. 10  for select frequencies of the Advanced Mobile Phone System, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)  900 , GSM  1800 , Personal Communications Service, and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System; 
         FIG. 19  is a line graph illustrating gain at frequencies ranging between about 2,320 MHz and about 2,345 MHz at various different elevations for an antenna of the antenna assembly of  FIG. 10  configured for use with satellite digital audio radio services; 
         FIG. 20  is a line graph illustrating gain at frequencies ranging between about 1,574 MHz and about 1,576 MHz at various different elevations for an antenna of the antenna assembly of  FIG. 10  configured for use with global positioning systems; 
         FIG. 21  is a line graph illustrating signal strength comparison between the AM/FM antenna of the antenna assembly of  FIG. 10  and a reference antenna mast; 
         FIG. 22  is a left side perspective view of an example embodiment of an antenna assembly including at least one or more aspects of the present disclosure with a cover of the antenna assembly not shown; 
         FIG. 23  is a bottom view of a cover suitable for use with antenna assemblies of the present disclosure, and illustrating an interior of the cover and an insert (e.g., a top-load plate, etc.) within the cover for forming a capacitive load portion of an antenna according to exemplary embodiments; 
         FIG. 24  is a fragmentary perspective view of an example stacked orientation of an SDARS antenna and a GPS antenna; 
         FIG. 25  is an exploded perspective view of an example embodiment of an antenna assembly including at least one or more aspects of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 26  is a perspective view of the antenna assembly shown in  FIG. 25  after being assembled together; 
         FIG. 27  is a lower perspective view of the antenna assembly shown in  FIG. 26 ; 
         FIG. 28  is a lower perspective view showing an exemplary communication links and electrically connectors for coupling the antenna assembly shown in  FIG. 25  to electronic devices within a car; 
         FIG. 29  is a bottom view showing the electrically-conductive insert mechanically fastened within the radome of the antenna assembly shown in  FIG. 25 ; 
         FIG. 30  is an exploded perspective view of an example embodiment of an antenna assembly including at least one or more aspects of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 31  is a perspective view of the antenna assembly shown in  FIG. 30  after being assembled together; 
         FIG. 32  is an exploded perspective view of an example embodiment of an antenna assembly including at least one or more aspects of the present disclosure; 
         FIGS. 33A and 33B  are perspective views illustrating an exemplary process for assembling the antenna assembly shown in  FIG. 32 ; 
         FIG. 34  is an exploded perspective view of an example embodiment of an antenna assembly including at least one or more aspects of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 35  is an exploded perspective view of an example embodiment of an antenna assembly including at least one or more aspects of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG. 36  is an elevation view of an example embodiment of an antenna suitable for use with example embodiments of antenna assemblies of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     Corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed toward antenna assemblies comprising at least one antenna. Example antennas can include, but are not limited to, antennas configured for use with AM/FM radio, satellite digital audio radio services (SDARS) (e.g., Sirius XM, etc.), global positioning systems (GPS), global navigation satellite system (GLONASS), digital audio broadcasting (DAB)-VHF-III, DAB-L, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, cellular phones, LTE (Long Term Evolution) frequencies (e.g., 4G, 3G, other LTE generation, B17 (LTE), LTE (700 MHz), etc.), etc. 
     In some example embodiments, the antenna assemblies include at least two antennas co-located, for example, on common chassis of the antenna assemblies, under common covers of the antenna assemblies, etc. In some example embodiments, the antenna assemblies define or are low-profile antenna assemblies in which heights of the antenna assemblies are lower than other antenna assemblies comprising similar combinations of antennas. In some example embodiments, the antenna assemblies have overall height dimensions of about 60 millimeters or less. And, in some of these example embodiments, the antenna assemblies have overall height dimensions of about 55 millimeters or less. Accordingly, exemplary embodiments are disclosed herein of multiband, low-profile antenna assembly suitable for use with mobile platforms and that are operable over multiple frequency bands. 
     With reference now to the drawings,  FIGS. 1-7  illustrate an example embodiment of an antenna assembly  100  including at least one or more aspects of the present disclosure.  FIG. 1  illustrates the antenna assembly  100  installed to a car  102  (broadly, a mobile platform). In particular, the antenna assembly  100  is shown mounted on a roof  104  of the car  102  toward a rear window  106  of the car  102  and along a longitudinal centerline of the roof  104 . Here, the roof  104  of the car  102  acts as a ground plane for the antenna assembly  100 . The antenna assembly  100  could, however, be mounted differently within the scope of the present disclosure. For example, the antenna assembly  100  could be mounted on a hood  108  or a trunk  110  of the car  102 , etc. In addition, the antenna assembly  100  could be installed to a mobile platform other than the car  102 , for example, a truck, a bus, a recreational vehicle, a boat, a vehicle without a motor, etc. within the scope of the present disclosure. U.S. Pat. No. 7,492,319 discloses example installations of antenna assemblies to vehicle bodies. 
     With additional reference to  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the antenna assembly  100  includes a cover (or radome)  114  provided to help protect components of the antenna assembly  100  enclosed within the cover  114 . For example, the cover  114  can substantially seal the components of the antenna assembly  100  within the cover  114  thereby protecting the components against ingress of contaminants (e.g., dust, moisture, etc.) into an interior enclosure of the cover  114 . In addition, the cover  114  can provide an aesthetically pleasing appearance to the antenna assembly  100 , and can be configured (e.g., sized, shaped, constructed, etc.) with an aerodynamic configuration. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, the cover  114  has an aesthetically pleasing, aerodynamic shark-fin configuration. In other example embodiments, however, antenna assemblies may include covers having configurations different than illustrated herein, for example, having configurations other than shark-fin configurations, etc. The cover  114  may also be formed from a wide range of materials, such as, for example, polymers, urethanes, plastic materials (e.g., polycarbonate blends, Polycarbonate-AcryInitril-Butadien-Styrol-Copolymer (PC/ABS) blend, etc.), glass-reinforced plastic materials, synthetic resin materials, thermoplastic materials (e.g., GE Plastics Geloy® XP4034 Resin, etc.), etc. within the scope of the present disclosure. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , the antenna assembly  100  includes a chassis  118  (or base), and first and second antennas  120  and  122  coupled to the chassis  118  (and co-located on the chassis  118 ). The cover  114  is configured to fit over the first and second antennas  120  and  122  (such that the first and second antennas  120  and  122  can also be co-located under the cover  114 ) and secured to the chassis  118 . And, the chassis  118  is configured to couple to the roof  104  of the car  102  for installing the antenna assembly  100  (and the antennas  120  and  122 ) to the car  102  ( FIG. 1 ). The cover  114  may secure to the chassis  118  via any suitable operation, for example, a snap fit connection, mechanical fasteners (e.g., screws, other fastening devices, etc.), ultrasonic welding, solvent welding, heat staking, latching, bayonet connections, hook connections, integrated fastening features, etc. Alternatively, the cover  114  may connect directly to the roof  104  of the car  102  within the scope of the present disclosure. The chassis  118  may be formed from materials similar to those used to form the cover  114 . For example, the chassis  118  may be injection molded from polymer. Alternatively, the chassis  118  may be formed from steel, zinc, or other material (including composites) by a suitable forming process, for example, a die cast process, etc. within the scope of the present disclosure. U.S. Pat. No. 7,429,958 (Lindackers et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 7,755,551 (Lindackers et al.) disclose example couplings between covers and chassis of antenna assemblies. 
     While not shown, a sealing member (e.g., an O-ring, a resiliently compressible elastomeric or foam gasket, etc.) may be provided between the chassis  118  and the roof  104  of the car  102  for substantially sealing the chassis  118  against the roof  104 . A sealing member may also, or alternatively, be provided between the cover  114  of the antenna assembly  100  and the chassis  118  for substantially sealing the cover  114  against the chassis  118 . 
     With additional reference to  FIGS. 4-7 , the first antenna  120  of the illustrated antenna assembly  100  is a vertical monopole antenna configured for use with AM/FM radio (e.g., configured for receiving/transmitting desired AM/FM radio signals, etc.). As illustrated, this AM/FM antenna  120  includes first and second spaced apart end flanges  126  and  128  and a web  130  positioned generally centrally between the end flanges  126  and  128 . The end flanges  126  and  128  are oriented generally parallel to each other, and the web  130  is oriented generally perpendicular to the end flanges  126  and  128 . Tab portions of the web  130  interconnect with corresponding slot portions of the end flanges  126  and  128  to help align the web  130  generally centrally between the end flanges  126  and  128 , and solder is used to secure the web  130  and end flanges  126  and  128  together. In the illustrated embodiment, the end flanges  126  and  128  and the web  130  are arranged to define a generally English-language capital letter H shape (e.g., when viewed from above, etc.). The end flanges  126  and  128  and the web  130  can be constructed from any suitable material within the scope of the present disclosure including, for example, printed circuit board materials, double sided printed circuit board materials, etc. In other example embodiments, antenna assemblies can include AM/FM antennas defining shapes other than English-language capital letter H shapes within the scope of the present disclosure. 
     The AM/FM antenna  120  is coupled to the chassis  118  of the antenna assembly  100  at a first printed circuit board (PCB)  138  located toward a rearward portion of the chassis  118 . The first PCB  138  can include any suitable PCB within the scope of the present disclosure including, for example, a double-sided PCB, etc. The illustrated first PCB  138  is fastened to the chassis  118  by mechanical fasteners, and the AM/FM antenna  120  (and particularly the web  130  of the AM/FM antenna  120 ) is soldered to the first PCB  138 . Other means for coupling the first PCB  138  to the chassis  118  and/or for coupling the AM/FM antenna  120  to the first PCB  138  may be used within the scope of the present disclosure. The web  130  of the AM/FM antenna  120  also includes a downwardly extending projection  140  that is at least partially received within a corresponding opening  142  in the first PCB  138 . The projection  140  can allow the AM/FM antenna  120  to make electrical connection through the opening  142  to a PCB component (not visible) on an opposite side of the first PCB  138  as desired. 
     Electrically conductive plating  146  is provided toward an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna  120  for capacitively loading the web  130  (e.g., an upper portion of the web  130 , etc.) and an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna  120 . This capacitive loading can help increase efficiency and bandwidth of the AM/FM antenna  120 . For example, it can make the AM/FM antenna  120  appear electrically longer than its actual physical size, which is important in antennas that are relatively small in volume. The conductive plating  146  is coupled to upper portions of each of the end flanges  126  and  128  and the web  130  along portions of side surfaces of each of the end flanges  126  and  128  and the web  130 . As such, the plating  146  on respective side surfaces is separated (and spaced apart) by the end flanges  126  and  128  and the web  130 . The plating  146  can be made from any suitable electrically conductive material within the scope of the present disclosure including, for example, metallic materials such as copper, etc., or other electrically conductive materials, etc. In addition, the plating  146  can be arranged (e.g., located, shaped, etc.) as desired within the scope of the present disclosure (e.g., a portion of the cover  114  could include the plating  146  and could provide capacitive loading of the AM/FM antenna  120 , etc.), 
     In addition, electrical conductors  148  are provided toward a lower portion of the AM/FM antenna  120  (and toward a lower portion of the web  130 ) for inductively loading the lower portion of the AM/FM antenna  120 . This inductive loading can help increase efficiency and bandwidth of the AM/FM antenna  120 . For example, it can make the AM/FM antenna  120  appear electrically longer than its actual physical size. In the illustrated embodiment, four electrical conductors  148  are located toward a first side surface  130   a  of the web  130  ( FIG. 3 ), and three electrical conductors  148  are located toward a second side surface  130   b  of the web  130  ( FIGS. 5 and 6 ). The electrical conductors  148  are oriented generally parallel to each other and extend between the first and second end flanges  126  and  128 . The electrical conductors  148  are also oriented generally parallel to the web  130 . End portions of the electrical conductors  148  extend through the end flanges  126  and  128  and connect to electrically conductive traces  150  (e.g., PCB material traces, etc.) disposed along (e.g., soldered to, etc.) outer side surfaces  126   b  and  128   b  of the end flanges  126  and  128  ( FIGS. 4 and 7 ). Traces  150  along the outer side surface  126   b  of the first end flange  126  are electrically coupled together as desired (e.g., via soldering, etc.) across the portion of the web  130  extending through the first end flange  126  ( FIGS. 3 ,  5 , and  7 ). As such, the electrical conductors  148  and the traces  150  define a continuous, generally rectangular shaped, electrical path generally coiling around the AM/FM antenna  120  (e.g., around the web  130  and the end flanges  126  and  128  generally clockwise in the illustrated embodiment, etc.). The electrical conductors  148  and/or the traces  150  can be made from any suitable electrically conductive material within the scope of the present disclosure including, for example, metallic materials such as copper, etc., or other electrically conductive materials, etc. In addition, the electrical conductors  148  can be shaped as desired including, for example, as wires, strips, traces, etc. 
     In other example embodiments, antenna assemblies can include AM/FM antennas in which inductively loaded portions of the AM/FM antennas include single electrical conductors continuously wrapped around the AM/FM antennas as desired. In other example embodiments, antenna assemblies can include AM/FM antennas in which inductively loaded portions of the AM/FM antennas include additional printed circuit boards extending between end flanges of the AM/FM antennas (e.g., generally parallel to webs of the AM/FM antennas, etc.) with electrically conductive traces located on the additional printed circuit boards and aligned with corresponding electrically conductive traces located on the end flanges to thereby generally define an electrical path around the AM/FM antennas. In other example embodiments, antenna assemblies can include AM/FM antennas in which inductively loaded portions of the AM/FM antennas include electrical conductors (e.g., electrical conductors and traces, single electrical conductors, traces, etc.) defining shapes other than generally rectangular (e.g., generally circular shapes, generally oval shapes, generally square shapes, any suitable large diameter coil shape, any suitable shape other than generally a round shape, any other suitable configuration, etc.). In other example embodiments, antenna assemblies can include AM/FM antennas in which capacitively loaded portions of the AM/FM antennas define configurations other than disclosed herein (e.g., suitable configurations wherein the capacitively loaded portions do not shield inductively loaded portions of the AM/FM antennas, etc.). 
     A coupling wire  152  electrically connects the first PCB  138  (e.g., at a feed point on the first PCB  138 , etc.) to the AM/FM antenna  120 . In particular, the coupling wire  152  connects to a lower trace  150   a  mounted (e.g., fastened, etc.) on an inner side surface  128   a  of the second end flange  128 . This lower trace  150   a  is electrically coupled to a corresponding trace  150   b  located on the outer side surface  128   b  of the second end flange  128  (at a location adjacent point A identified in  FIG. 4 ). This electrically connects the first PCB  138  to the electrical conductors  148  (and the AM/FM antenna  120 ) via interconnection of the electrical conductors  148  and the traces  150 . In addition, an upper trace  150   c  mounted on an inner side surface  126   a  of the first end flange  126  is soldered to the plating  146  on the second side surface  130   b  of the web  130 . This upper trace  150   c  is electrically coupled to a corresponding trace  150   d  located on the outer side surface  126   b  of the first end flange  126  (at a location adjacent point B identified in  FIG. 5 ). This electrically connects the first PCB  138  to the plating  146  (via the coupling wire  152 , the traces  150 , and the electrical conductors  148 ). As such, the plating  146  on the web  130  acts as one half of a capacitor (e.g., as one conductive plate, etc.) and the ground under the AM/FM antenna  120  acts as the other half of the capacitor (as another conductive plate, etc.), with air therebetween acting as a separating insulator. Thus, the illustrated AM/FM antenna  120  can be viewed as one long conductor extending from the coupling wire  152  at the first PCB  138  to the capacitively loaded upper portion of the AM/FM antenna  120  (e.g., the plating  146  of the web  130 , etc.), with the inductively loaded portion of the AM/FM antenna  120  (e.g., the coil portion defined by the traces  150  and the electrical conductors  148  extending between them, etc.) located therebetween. 
     The AM/FM antenna  120  may be operable at one or more frequencies including, for example frequencies ranging between about 140 Kilohertz (KHz) and about 110 Megahertz (MHz), etc. For example, the illustrated AM/FM antenna  120  can be resonant in the FM band (e.g., at frequencies between about 88 MHz and about 108 MHz, etc.) and can also work at AM frequencies, but may not be resonant at various AM frequencies (e.g., frequencies between about 535 KHz and about 1735 KHz, etc.). The AM/FM antenna  120  may also be tuned as desired for operation at desired frequency bands by, for example, adjusting dimensions of the end flanges  126  and  128  and/or the web  130 , adjusting dimensions of the plating  146  provided toward the upper portion of the AM/FM antenna  120 , adjusting size and/or number of electrical conductors  148  provided toward the lower portion of the AM/FM antenna  120 , etc. For example, the AM/FM antenna  120  could be tuned (or retuned), as desired, to Japanese FM frequencies (e.g., including frequencies between about 76 MHz and about 93 MHz, etc.), DAB-VHF-III (e.g., including frequencies between about 174 MHz and about 240 MHz, etc.) other similar VHF bands, other frequency bands, etc. 
     With continued reference to  FIGS. 4-7 , the second antenna  122  of the illustrated antenna assembly  100  is a patch antenna configured for use with satellite digital audio radio services (SDARS) (e.g., Sirius XM Satellite Radio, etc.) (e.g., configured for receiving/transmitting desired SDARS signals, etc.). In the illustrated embodiment, this SDARS antenna  122  is coupled to the chassis  118  at a second PCB  156  located toward a forward portion of the chassis  118 . The second PCB  156  can include any suitable PCB within the scope of the present disclosure including, for example, a double-sided PCB, etc. The second PCB  156  is fastened to the chassis  118  by mechanical fasteners, and the SDARS antenna  122  is electrically coupled to the second PCB  156  as desired and fastened thereto by a mechanical fastener. Other means for coupling the second PCB  156  to the chassis  118  and/or for coupling the SDARS antenna  122  to the second PCB  156  may be used within the scope of the present disclosure. 
     The SDARS antenna  122  may be operable at one or more desired frequencies including, for example, frequencies ranging between about 2,320 MHz and about 2,345 MHz, etc. The SDARS antenna  122  may also be tuned as desired for operation at desired frequency bands by, for example, changing dielectric materials, changing sizes of metal plating, etc. used in connection with the SDARS antenna  122 , etc. 
     An electrical connector (not visible) may be attached to the first PCB  138  via cable  158  and the second PCB  156  via cable  160  for coupling the antenna assembly  100  to a suitable communication link (e.g., a coaxial cable, etc.) in the car  102  (e.g., through an opening in the chassis  118  aligned with an opening in the roof  104  of the car  102 , etc.). In this way, the first and/or second PCB  138  and/or  156  may receive signal inputs from the AM/FM and/or SDARS antennas  120  and/or  122 , process the signal inputs, and transmit the processed signal inputs to the suitable communication link. Alternatively, or in addition, the first and/or second PCB  138  and/or  156  may process signal inputs to be transmitted via or through the AM/FM and/or SDARS antennas  120  and/or  122 . With this said, it is understood that that the AM/FM and/or SDARS antennas  120  and/or  122  may receive and/or transmit radio signals as desired. 
     In some example embodiments, the electrical connector may be an ISO (International Standards Organization) standard electrical connector or a Fakra connector attached to the first PCB  138  via the cable  158  and the second PCB  156  via the cable  160 . Accordingly, a coaxial cable (or other suitable communication link) may be relatively easily connected to the electrical connector and used for communicating signals received by the AM/FM and/or SDARS antennas  120  and/or  122  to another device, such as a radio receiver, etc. in the car  102 . In such embodiments, the use of standard ISO electrical connectors or Fakra connectors may allow for reduced costs as compared to those antenna installations that require a customized design and tooling for the electrical connection between the antenna assembly  100  and cable. In addition, the pluggable electrical connections between the communication link and the electrical connector may be accomplished by the installer without the installer having to complexly route wiring or cabling through body walls of the car  102 . Accordingly, the pluggable electrical connection may be easily accomplished without requiring any particular technical and/or skilled operations on the part of the installer. Alternative embodiments may include using other types of electrical connectors and communication links (e.g., pig tail connections, etc.) besides standard ISO electrical connectors, Fakra connectors, and coaxial cables. 
       FIGS. 8 and 9  illustrate another example embodiment of an antenna assembly  200  including at least one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The antenna assembly  200  of this embodiment is substantially the same as the antenna assembly  100  previously described and illustrated in  FIGS. 1-7 . For example, the antenna assembly  200  of this embodiment includes a chassis  218 , and first and second antennas  220  and  222  coupled to the chassis  218 . The first antenna  220  (coupled to the chassis  218  by a first PCB  238 ) is a vertical monopole antenna configured for use with AM/FM radio, and the second antenna  222  (coupled to the chassis  218  by a second PCB  256 ) is a patch antenna configured for use with SDARS. The AM/FM antenna  220  includes first and second spaced apart end flanges  226  and  228  and a web  230  positioned generally centrally between the end flanges  226  and  228 . 
     In this embodiment, example dimensions of the AM/FM antenna  220 , including the end flanges  226  and  228  and the web  230 , are provided in  FIGS. 8 and 9 . For example, in this embodiment a height of the AM/FM antenna  220  is about 54 millimeters, a length of the AM/FM antenna  220  is about 66 millimeters, and a width of the AM/FM antenna  220  is about 32 millimeters. As such, the first and second end flanges  226  and  228  are spaced apart a distance of about 56 millimeters, and electrical conductors  248  positioned between the first and second end flanges  226  and  228  have lengths of about 61 millimeters. In addition, the web  230  has a height of about 54 millimeters and a length of about 66 millimeters, the second end flange  228  has a height of about 54 millimeters and a width of about 32 millimeters, and the first end  226  has a height of about 40 millimeters and a width of about 32 millimeters. 
     As can be seen from the example dimensions, the illustrated AM/FM antenna  220 , and thus the illustrated antenna assembly  200  including the AM/FM antenna  220 , has a relatively low-profile (as compared, for example, to other AM/FM antennas and antenna assemblies including AM/FM antennas). For example, in this embodiment the AM/FM antenna  220  has a height of about 54 millimeters and defines a footprint having a length of about 66 millimeters and a width of about 32 millimeters. In other example embodiments, antenna assemblies can include AM/FM antennas having heights of about 55 millimeters or less and defining footprints having lengths of about 66 millimeters or less and widths of about 30 millimeters or less. In other example embodiments, antenna assemblies can include AM/FM antennas having other dimensions within the scope of the present disclosure. 
       FIGS. 10-12  illustrate another example embodiment of an antenna assembly  300  including at least one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The antenna assembly  300  of this embodiment is similar to the antenna assembly  100  previously described and illustrated in  FIGS. 1-7 . For example, the antenna assembly  300  of this embodiment includes a chassis  318  configured to couple the antenna assembly  300  to a mobile platform, and first and second antennas  320  and  322  coupled to the chassis  318 . In addition in this embodiment, the antenna assembly  300  includes third and fourth antennas  370  and  372  coupled to the chassis  318  (with each of the first, second, third, and fourth antennas  320 ,  322 ,  370 , and  372  co-located on the chassis  318 ). 
     The first antenna  320  of the illustrated antenna assembly  300  is a vertical monopole antenna configured for use with AM/FM radio (e.g., configured for receiving/transmitting desired AM/FM radio signals, etc.). This AM/FM antenna  320  is coupled to the chassis  318  of the antenna assembly  300  at a first PCB  338  located toward a rearward portion of the chassis  318 . The first PCB  338  is fastened to the chassis  318  by mechanical fasteners, and the AM/FM antenna  320  is soldered to the first PCB  338 . The illustrated AM/FM antenna  320  includes first and second spaced apart end flanges  326  and  328  and a web  330  positioned generally centrally between the end flanges  326  and  328 . The end flanges  326  and  328  are oriented generally parallel to each other, and the web  330  is oriented generally perpendicular to the end flanges  326  and  328 . Tab portions of the web  330  interconnect with corresponding slot portions of the end flanges  326  and  328  to help align the web  330  generally centrally between the end flanges  326  and  328 , and solder is used to secure the web  330  and end flanges  326  and  328  together. In the illustrated embodiment, the end flanges  326  and  328  and the web  330  are arranged to define a generally English-language capital letter H shape. 
     Electrically conductive plating  346  is provided toward an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna  320  for capacitively loading the web  330  (e.g., an upper portion of the web  330 , etc.) and an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna  320 . In particular, the plating  346  is coupled to upper portions of each of the end flanges  326  and  328  and the web  330  along opposing side surfaces of each of the end flanges  326  and  328  and the web  330 . 
     In addition, electrically conductive electrical conductors  348  are provided toward a lower portion of the AM/FM antenna  320  (and toward a lower portion of the web  330 ) for inductively loading the lower portion of the AM/FM antenna  320 . In the illustrated embodiment, four electrical conductors  348  are located toward a first side surface  330   a  of the web  330  ( FIG. 10 ), and three electrical conductors  348  are located toward a second side surface  330   b  of the web  330  ( FIG. 11 ). The electrical conductors  348  are oriented generally parallel to each other and extend between the first and second end flanges  326  and  328 . The electrical conductors  348  are also oriented generally parallel to the web  330 . End portions of the electrical conductors  348  extend through the end flanges  326  and  328  and connect to electrically conductive traces  350  disposed along (e.g., soldered to, etc.) outer side surfaces of the end flanges  326  and  328 . As such, the electrical conductors  348  and the traces  350  define a continuous, generally rectangular shaped, electrical path generally coiling around the AM/FM antenna  320  (e.g., around the web  330  and the end flanges  326  and  328  generally clockwise in the illustrated embodiment, etc.). 
     A coupling wire  352  electrically connects the first PCB  338  to the AM/FM antenna  320  (in similar fashion to the coupling wire  152  of the AM/FM antenna  120  illustrated in  FIGS. 3-7 ). In particular, the coupling wire  352  connects to a lower trace (not visible) mounted (e.g., fastened, etc.) on an inner side surface of the second end flange  328 . This lower trace  350   a  is electrically coupled to a corresponding trace  350   b  located on an outer side surface of the second end flange  328 . This electrically connects the first PCB  338  to the electrical conductors  348  (and the AM/FM antenna  320 ) via interconnection of the electrical conductors  348  and the traces  350 , thereby defining an inductively loaded portion of the AM/FM antenna  320 . In addition, an upper trace  350   c  mounted on an inner side surface of the first end flange  326  is soldered to the plating  346  on the second side surface  330   b  of the web  330 . This upper trace  350   c  is electrically coupled to a corresponding trace (not visible) located on an outer side surface of the first end flange  326 . This electrically connects the first PCB  338  to the plating  346  (via the traces  350  and electrical conductors  348 ), thereby defining a capacitively loaded portion of the AM/FM antenna  320 . 
     The AM/FM antenna  320  may be operable at one or more frequencies including, for example frequencies ranging between about 140 KHz and about 110 MHz, etc. For example, the illustrated AM/FM antenna  320  can be resonant in the FM band (e.g., at frequencies between about 88 MHz and about 108 MHz, etc.) and can also work at AM frequencies, but may not at all be resonant at various AM frequencies (e.g., frequencies between about 535 KHz and about 1735 KHz, etc.). The AM/FM antenna  320  may also be tuned as desired for operation at desired frequency bands by, for example, adjusting dimensions of the end flanges  326  and  328  and/or the web  330 , adjusting dimensions of the plating  346  provided toward the upper portion of the AM/FM antenna  320 , adjusting size and/or number of electrical conductors  348  provided toward the lower portion of the AM/FM antenna  320 , etc. For example, the AM/FM antenna  120  could be tuned (or retuned), as desired, to Japanese FM frequencies (e.g., including frequencies between about 76 MHz and about 93 MHz, etc.), DAB-VHF-III (e.g., including frequencies between about 174 MHz and about 240 MHz, etc.) other similar VHF bands, other frequency bands, etc. 
     The second antenna  322  of the illustrated antenna assembly  300  is a patch antenna configured for use with SDARS (e.g., configured for receiving/transmitting desired SDARS signals, etc.). This SDARS antenna  322  is coupled to the chassis  318  at a second PCB  356  located toward a forward portion of the chassis  318 . The second PCB  356  is fastened to the chassis  318  by mechanical fasteners, and the SDARS antenna  322  is electrically coupled to the second PCB  356  as desired and fastened thereto by a mechanical fastener. The SDARS antenna  322  may be operable at one or more desired frequencies including, for example, frequencies ranging between about 2,320 MHz and about 2,345 MHz, etc. The SDARS antenna  322  may also be tuned as desired for operation at desired frequency bands by, for example, changing dielectric materials, changing sizes of metal plating, etc. used in connection with the SDARS antenna  322 , etc. 
     The third antenna  370  is a patch antenna configured for use with global positioning systems (GPS) (e.g., configured for receiving/transmitting desired GPS signals, etc.). This GPS antenna  370  is coupled to the chassis  318  via the second PCB  356  at a location adjacent the SDARS antenna  322 . Alternatively, the GPS antenna  370  could be stacked with the SDARS antenna  322  (one on top of the other) on the second PCB  356 . The GPS antenna  370  is electrically coupled to the second PCB  356  as desired and fastened thereto, for example, by a mechanical fastener, etc. As such, the SDARS antenna  322  and the GPS antenna  370  are co-located on the second PCB  356 . The GPS antenna  370  may be operable at one or more desired frequencies including, for example, frequencies ranging between about 1,574 MHz and about 1,576 MHz, etc. And, the GPS antenna  370  may also be tuned as desired for operation at desired frequency bands by, for example, changing dielectric materials, changing sizes of metal plating, etc. used in connection with the GPS antenna  370 , etc. 
     The fourth antenna  372  is a vertical monopole antenna configured for use with cell phones (e.g., for receiving/transmitting desired cell phone signals, etc.). This cell phone antenna  372  is coupled to the chassis  318  at the second PCB  356  at a location adjacent the SDARS antenna  322 . In particular, a base  378  of the cell phone antenna  372  couples to the second PCB  356 . As shown in  FIG. 12 , tabs  378   a - c  of the base  378  are configured to fit in corresponding openings  356   a - c  defined in the second PCB  356  and then be soldered to the second PCB  356  (for supporting the cell phone antenna  372  generally above the second PCB  356 ). As such, the SDARS antenna  322 , the GPS antenna  370 , and the cell phone antenna  372  co-located on the second PCB  356 . 
     The cell phone antenna  372  includes first and second conductors  374  and  376  (or radiating elements) positioned along the base  378 , which is generally vertically oriented relative to the second PCB  356 . The first and second conductors  374  and  376  are soldered to the second PCB  356  at the central tab  378   b  of the base  378  for electrically connecting the cell phone antenna  372  to the second PCB  356 . The first and second conductors  374  and  376  are oriented such that the first conductor  374  is generally centrally located on the base  378  and the second conductor  376  extends generally around the first conductor  374  (generally along a perimeter of the base  378 ). An open slot  380  is defined between the first and second conductors  374  and  376  for partitioning or separating the conductors  374  and  376 . The open slot  380  is preferably configured to help provide impedance matching to the cell phone antenna  372  (which may help improve power transfer for the cell phone antenna  372 ). The base  378  of the cell phone antenna  372  can be constructed from any suitable material within the scope of the present disclosure including, for example, printed circuit board materials, double sided printed circuit board materials, etc. And, the first and second conductors  374  and  376  can be made from any suitable electrically conductive material within the scope of the present disclosure including, for example, metallic materials such as copper, etc., or other electrically conductive materials, etc. 
     The cell phone antenna  372  may be operable at one or more desired frequencies including, for example frequencies associated with the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)  850 , the GSM  900 , the GSM  1800 , the GSM  1900 , the Personal Communications Service (PCS), the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), the Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS), etc. AMPS typically operates in the 800 MHz frequency band; GSM typically operates in the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz frequency bands in Europe, but in the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz frequency bands in the United States; PCS typically operates in the 1900 MHz frequency band; and UMTS typically operates in the 1900 MHz to 1980 MHz frequency band for uplinks and in the 2110 MHz to 2170 MHz frequency band for downlinks. 
     As an example, the first conductor  374  may be tuned to receive frequencies over a bandwidth ranging from about 1,650 MHz to about 2,700 MHz, including those frequencies associated with the PCS. And, the second conductor  376  may be tuned to receive frequencies over a bandwidth ranging from about 800 MHz to about 1,000 MHz, including those frequencies associated with the AMPS. Thus, the illustrated cell phone antenna  372  can be viewed as a dual band cell phone antenna  372 , operable over multiple bands of frequencies. Multiple cell phones may thus be used in connection with the cell phone antenna  372 . The cell phone antenna  372  can be tuned as desired for operation at desired frequency bands by, for example, adjusting configurations (e.g., dimensions, shapes, materials, etc.) of the conductors  374  and  376 , etc. 
     An electrical connector (not shown) may be attached to the first PCB  338  and the second PCB  356  for coupling the antenna assembly  300  to a suitable communication link (e.g., a coaxial cable, etc.) in a mobile platform. In this way, the first and/or second PCB  338  and/or  356  may receive signal inputs from the antennas  320 ,  322 ,  370 , and/or  372 , process the signal inputs, and transmit the processed signal inputs to the suitable communication link. Alternatively, or in addition, the first and/or second PCB  338  and/or  356  may process signal inputs to be transmitted via or through the antennas  320 ,  322 ,  370 , and/or  372 . With this said, it is understood that that the antennas  320 ,  322 ,  370 , and/or  372  may receive and/or transmit radio signals as desired. 
     In addition, a cover (not shown) may be provided to help protect the components (e.g., the antennas  320 ,  322 ,  370 , and  372 , the PCBs  338  and  356 , etc.) of the antenna assembly  300  when enclosed within the cover. For example, the cover can be configured to couple to the chassis  318  and substantially seal the components of the antenna assembly  300  within the cover, thereby protecting the components against ingress of contaminants (e.g., dust, moisture, etc.) into an interior enclosure of the cover. This also allows the antennas  320 ,  322 ,  370 , and  372  of the antenna assembly  300  to be co-located under the cover (and together coupled to a mobile platform as desired). 
     In some example embodiments, the second antenna  322  and/or the third antenna  370  could be configured to receive and/or transmit frequencies associated with Wi-Fi and/or Wi-Max (e.g., frequencies in the 2400 MHz band), frequencies associated with DAB-VHF-III (e.g., frequencies between about 170 MHz and about 230 MHz, etc.) and/or frequencies associated with DAB-L (e.g., frequencies between about 1,452 MHz and about 1,492 MHz, etc.) (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 7,489,280, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, etc.). 
     In some example embodiments, antenna assemblies of the present disclosure can include antennas (alone or in combination with one or more antennas (e.g., with one or more antennas disclosed herein, etc.)) configured to receive and/or transmit desired and/or suitable frequencies. For example, antenna assemblies can include antennas configured to receive and/or transmit frequencies associated with WiFi and/or Wi-Max (e.g., frequencies in the 2400 MHz band). In these embodiments, diplexer circuits may be used to separate cell phone signals from Wi-Fi and/or Wi-max signals, both when receiving and transmitting. In some example embodiments, antenna assemblies of the present disclosure can include antennas (alone or in combination with one or more antennas (e.g., with one or more antennas disclosed herein, etc.)) configured to receive and/or transmit frequencies associated with DAB-VHF-III (e.g., frequencies between about 170 MHz and about 230 MHz, etc.) and/or frequencies associated with DAB-L (e.g., frequencies between about 1,452 MHz and about 1,492 MHz, etc.). 
     Antenna assemblies of the present disclosure have generally smaller sizes (e.g., shorter heights due to no masts, etc.) than other antenna assemblies known in the art. In addition, antenna assemblies of the present disclosure allow for packaging of multiple antennas within single structures, which can provide ease of assembly at manufacturing sites as well as decreased costs as compared to requiring use of multiple different antenna assemblies (e.g., with each antenna assembly having a single antenna, etc.). 
     EXAMPLE 
     The following example is exemplary in nature. Variations of the following example are possible without departing from the scope of the disclosure. 
     In this example, the antenna assembly  300  illustrated in  FIGS. 10-12  was analyzed for gain and signal strength. The antenna assembly  300  was installed to a roof of a car, with the AM/FM antenna  320  and the cell phone antenna  372  oriented generally vertically and generally perpendicularly to the roof. Here, the roof of the car served as a ground plane for the antenna assembly  300 . Gain is an important characteristic of antennas as it represents the ability of antennas to receive from and/or transmit signals to far away distances. And, gain can be measured at various different angles to indicate this ability at those angles. Generally, antennas with larger gains are desirable. 
       FIGS. 13-20  illustrate various gain measurements (measured in decibels isotropic (dBi)) for the different antennas of the antenna assembly  300  when the antenna assembly  300  is coupled to the roof of a car. The illustrated gain numbers generally show that the antenna assembly  300  was capable of achieving similar gains to larger sized antenna assemblies generally known in the art. 
       FIG. 13  is a line graph (with corresponding data shown in Table 1) illustrating vertical gain for the AM/FM antenna  320  for frequencies ranging from about 88 MHz to about 108 MHz. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Example Vertical Gain for AM/FM Antenna 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Frequency (MHz) 
                 Vertical Gain (dBi) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 88 
                 −3.24 
               
               
                   
                 89 
                 −2.65 
               
               
                   
                 90 
                 −2.72 
               
               
                   
                 91 
                 −3.05 
               
               
                   
                 92 
                 −3.37 
               
               
                   
                 93 
                 −3.66 
               
               
                   
                 94 
                 −3.92 
               
               
                   
                 95 
                 −4.60 
               
               
                   
                 96 
                 −4.82 
               
               
                   
                 97 
                 −5.06 
               
               
                   
                 98 
                 −5.12 
               
               
                   
                 99 
                 −5.03 
               
               
                   
                 100 
                 −4.99 
               
               
                   
                 101 
                 −4.80 
               
               
                   
                 102 
                 −5.35 
               
               
                   
                 103 
                 −5.22 
               
               
                   
                 104 
                 −4.94 
               
               
                   
                 105 
                 −4.56 
               
               
                   
                 106 
                 −4.35 
               
               
                   
                 107 
                 −3.62 
               
               
                   
                 108 
                 −2.88 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 14  is a line graph (with corresponding data shown in Table 2) illustrating vertical gain for the cell phone antenna  372  for select frequencies of the AMPS (e.g., frequencies ranging from about 824 MHz to about 894 MHz, etc.).  FIG. 15  is a line graph (with corresponding data shown in Table 3) illustrating vertical gain for the cell phone antenna  372  for select frequencies of the GSM  900  (e.g., frequencies ranging from about 880 MHz to about 960 MHz, etc.).  FIG. 16  is a line graph (with corresponding data shown in Table 4) illustrating vertical gain for the cell phone antenna  372  for select frequencies of the GSM  1800  (e.g., frequencies ranging from about 1710 MHz to about 1880 MHz, etc.).  FIG. 17  is a line graph (with corresponding data shown in Table 5) illustrating vertical gain for the cell phone antenna  372  for select frequencies of the PCS (e.g., frequencies ranging from about 1850 MHz to about 1990 MHz, etc.). And,  FIG. 18  is a line graph (with corresponding data shown in Table 6) illustrating vertical gain for the cell phone antenna  372  for select frequencies of the UMTS (e.g., frequencies ranging from about 1920 MHz to about 2170 MHz, etc.). 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Example Vertical Gain for Cell Phone Antenna for 
               
               
                 Frequencies Associated with AMPS 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Frequency (MHz) 
                 Vertical Gain (dBi) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 824 
                 −0.78 
               
               
                   
                 829 
                 −0.85 
               
               
                   
                 834 
                 −0.95 
               
               
                   
                 839 
                 −0.99 
               
               
                   
                 844 
                 −0.77 
               
               
                   
                 849 
                 −0.38 
               
               
                   
                 854 
                 −0.29 
               
               
                   
                 859 
                 −0.46 
               
               
                   
                 864 
                 −0.07 
               
               
                   
                 869 
                 0.09 
               
               
                   
                 874 
                 −0.06 
               
               
                   
                 879 
                 0.43 
               
               
                   
                 884 
                 0.59 
               
               
                   
                 889 
                 0.11 
               
               
                   
                 894 
                 0.36 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Example Vertical Gain for Cell Phone Antenna for 
               
               
                 Frequencies Associated with GSM 900 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Frequency (MHz) 
                 Vertical Gain (dBi) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 880 
                 0.46 
               
               
                   
                 885 
                 0.59 
               
               
                   
                 890 
                 0.14 
               
               
                   
                 895 
                 0.23 
               
               
                   
                 900 
                 0.83 
               
               
                   
                 905 
                 −0.15 
               
               
                   
                 910 
                 −0.28 
               
               
                   
                 915 
                 −0.76 
               
               
                   
                 920 
                 −1.28 
               
               
                   
                 925 
                 −1.52 
               
               
                   
                 930 
                 −1.83 
               
               
                   
                 935 
                 −2.22 
               
               
                   
                 940 
                 −2.34 
               
               
                   
                 945 
                 −2.32 
               
               
                   
                 950 
                 −2.47 
               
               
                   
                 955 
                 −2.64 
               
               
                   
                 960 
                 −2.3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Example Vertical Gain for Cell Phone Antenna for 
               
               
                 Frequencies Associated with GSM 1800 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Frequency (MHz) 
                 Vertical Gain (dBi) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1710 
                 −1.93 
               
               
                   
                 1720 
                 −1.1 
               
               
                   
                 1730 
                 −0.99 
               
               
                   
                 1740 
                 −0.47 
               
               
                   
                 1750 
                 −0.76 
               
               
                   
                 1760 
                 −0.64 
               
               
                   
                 1770 
                 −1.07 
               
               
                   
                 1780 
                 −1.32 
               
               
                   
                 1790 
                 −2 
               
               
                   
                 1800 
                 −1.8 
               
               
                   
                 1810 
                 −2.22 
               
               
                   
                 1820 
                 −0.84 
               
               
                   
                 1830 
                 −0.59 
               
               
                   
                 1840 
                 −0.4 
               
               
                   
                 1850 
                 −0.33 
               
               
                   
                 1860 
                 0.57 
               
               
                   
                 1870 
                 0.71 
               
               
                   
                 1880 
                 0.95 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Example Vertical Gain for Cell Phone Antenna for 
               
               
                 Frequencies Associated with PCS 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Frequency (MHz) 
                 Vertical Gain (dBi) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1850 
                 −0.35 
               
               
                   
                 1860 
                 0.51 
               
               
                   
                 1870 
                 0.6 
               
               
                   
                 1880 
                 0.79 
               
               
                   
                 1890 
                 1.09 
               
               
                   
                 1900 
                 1.34 
               
               
                   
                 1920 
                 0.7 
               
               
                   
                 1930 
                 0.36 
               
               
                   
                 1940 
                 0.23 
               
               
                   
                 1950 
                 0.76 
               
               
                   
                 1960 
                 0.77 
               
               
                   
                 1970 
                 0.55 
               
               
                   
                 1980 
                 0.26 
               
               
                   
                 1990 
                 0.21 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Example Vertical Gain for Cell Phone Antenna for 
               
               
                 Frequencies Associated with UMTS 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Frequency (MHz) 
                 Vertical Gain (dBi) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 1920 
                 0.74 
               
               
                   
                 1930 
                 0.41 
               
               
                   
                 1940 
                 0.3 
               
               
                   
                 1950 
                 0.891 
               
               
                   
                 1960 
                 0.84 
               
               
                   
                 1970 
                 0.61 
               
               
                   
                 1980 
                 0.32 
               
               
                   
                 2110 
                 −0.88 
               
               
                   
                 2120 
                 −1.18 
               
               
                   
                 2130 
                 −0.98 
               
               
                   
                 2140 
                 −1.57 
               
               
                   
                 2150 
                 −0.81 
               
               
                   
                 2160 
                 −0.54 
               
               
                   
                 2170 
                 −0.26 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 19  is a line graph (with corresponding data shown in Table 7) illustrating gain for the SDARS antenna  322  for frequencies ranging from about 2,320 MHz and about 2,345 MHz at various different elevations. And,  FIG. 20  is a line graph (with corresponding data shown in Table 8) illustrating gain for the GPS antenna  370  for frequencies ranging from about 1,574 MHz and about 1,576 MHz at various different elevations. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Example Gain for SDARS Antenna at Different 
               
               
                 Elevations 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Elevation (degrees) 
                 Gain (dBi) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 0 
                 −3.5 
               
               
                   
                 20 
                 1.75 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 2.2 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 2.1 
               
               
                   
                 50 
                 2.6 
               
               
                   
                 60 
                 3.1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Example Gain for GPS Antenna at Different 
               
               
                 Elevations 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Elevation (degrees)  
                 Gain (dBi) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 20 
                 −1 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 0.2 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 50 
                 0.8 
               
               
                   
                 60 
                 1.8 
               
               
                   
                 70 
                 1.2 
               
               
                   
                 80 
                 2.1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 21  is a line graph illustrating signal strength comparison between the AM/FM antenna  320  and a reference antenna mast. In this example, the AM/FM antenna  320  had a height of about 54 mm. The reference antenna mast was a solid rod mast having a length of about 80 centimeters, and that was resonant in the middle of the U.S. FM band (at a frequency of about 98 MHz). This reference mast was used as a standard of comparison for the AM/FM antenna  320 . Line  386  identifies signal strength for the AM/FM antenna  320 , and line  388  identifies signal strength for the reference antenna mast. Corresponding data is provided in Table 8. Signal strength is measured in decibels relative to one microvolt (dBpV). As can be seen, signal strength for the AM/FM antenna  320  was generally higher (or stronger) than signal strength  388  for the reference antenna mast for frequencies between at least about 760 KHz and about 1470 KHz. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Signal Strength Comparison Between Reference 
               
               
                 Antenna and AM/FM Antenna 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Reference Antenna Signal 
                 AM/FM Antenna Signal 
               
               
                 Frequency (KHz) 
                 Strength (dBμV)) 
                 Strength (dBμV) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 600 
                 −47 
                 −49.8 
               
               
                 760 
                 −66.4 
                 −64.6 
               
               
                 910 
                 −58.7 
                 −54.5 
               
               
                 1160 
                 −54.8 
                 −49.3 
               
               
                 1470 
                 −48.8 
                 −41.7 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 22  illustrates another example embodiment of an antenna assembly  400  including at least one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The antenna assembly  400  of this embodiment is similar to the antenna assembly  300  previously described and illustrated in  FIGS. 10-12 . For example, the antenna assembly  400  of this embodiment includes a chassis  418  configured to couple the antenna assembly  400  to a mobile platform, and first, second, third, and fourth antennas  420 ,  422 ,  470 , and  472  coupled to the chassis  418  (with each of the first, second, third, and fourth antennas  420 ,  422 ,  470 , and  472  co-located on or supported by the chassis  418 ). 
     The first antenna  420  is a vertical monopole antenna configured for use with AM/FM radio (e.g., configured for receiving desired AM/FM radio signals, etc.). In this exemplary embodiment, the AM/FM antenna  420  includes, is defined by, etc. a PCB  484 . The AM/FM antenna PCB  484  is coupled to the chassis  418  at a first PCB  438  located toward a rearward portion of the chassis  418 . The first PCB  438  is coupled to the chassis  418  by mechanical fasteners, and the AM/FM antenna PCB  484  is coupled to the first PCB  438  by solder. Other suitable couplings may be used as desired. In addition, tab portions  486  of the AM/FM antenna PCB  484  interconnect with corresponding slot portions of the PCB  438  to further help position and/or couple the AM/FM antenna PCB  484  on the PCB  438 . 
     Also in this exemplary embodiment shown in  FIG. 22 , electrically conductive plating  446  is provided toward an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna  420  (e.g., toward an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna PCB  484 , etc.) for capacitively loading the AM/FM antenna  420 . This defines a capacitively loaded portion of the AM/FM antenna  420 , toward an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna  420 . 
     In addition, electrically conductive traces  448  (broadly, electrical conductors) are provided along a middle portion of the AM/FM antenna  420  (e.g., toward a middle portion of the AM/FM antenna PCB  484 , etc.) for inductively loading the middle portion of the AM/FM antenna  420 . This defines an inductively loaded portion of the AM/FM antenna  420 , toward a middle portion of the AM/FM antenna  420 . The traces  448  may be etched around the PCB  484 . The traces  448  are oriented generally parallel to each other along respective side surfaces of the AM/FM antenna PCB  484  and extend lengthwise along the AM/FM antenna PCB  484 . End portions of the traces  448  may curve around or extend through the AM/FM antenna PCB  484  (at locations toward side edge portions of the PCB  484 ) and thereby interconnect corresponding traces  448  on the opposing side surfaces of the AM/FM antenna PCB  484 . As such, the traces  448  define a continuous electrical path generally coiling around at least part of the AM/FM antenna  420  (e.g., around the AM/FM antenna PCB  484  in a clockwise direction when viewed from above, etc.). In the illustrated embodiment, the antenna assembly  400  includes nine traces  448  located along the first and second surfaces of the AM/FM antenna PCB  484 . Other antenna assemblies may include other numbers of traces (e.g., ten traces, eleven traces, etc.) as desired. In addition, the number of traces on each side of the AM/FM antenna PCB  484  may be different. 
     The AM/FM antenna  420  may also include a clip (e.g., electrically-conductive spring clip, etc.) coupled to or within an upper portion  490  of the AM/FM antenna PCB  484 . The clip is constructed from a suitable electrically conductive material (e.g., metal, etc.) and is configured to engage an inner electrically-conductive portion within a cover (e.g., an insert or top load plate inserted into the cover, etc.) when the cover is positioned over the antenna assembly  400 . As such, the clip may operate to establish electrical contact between the AM/FM antenna  420  and the cover. In an exemplary embodiment the clip defines a generally English-language letter C shape. In other example embodiments, antenna assemblies can have clips with other suitable shapes. 
     A coupling wire may be used to electrically connect the AM/FM antenna  420  to the first PCB  438 . The coupling wire may connect through the PCB  438  (e.g., via a solder connection, etc.) to a lower trace on the PCB  484 . This electrically connects the PCB  438  to the traces  448  (and the AM/FM antenna  420 ), thereby helping define the inductively loaded portion of the AM/FM antenna  420 . An upper trace on the PCB  484  may connect (e.g., via a solder connection, etc.) to the plating  446 . This electrically connects the first PCB  438  to the plating  446  (via the traces  448 ), thereby helping define the capacitively loaded portion of the AM/FM antenna  420 . 
     The AM/FM antenna  420  may be operable at one or more frequencies including, for example frequencies ranging between about 140 KHz and about 110 MHz, etc. For example, the illustrated AM/FM antenna  420  can be resonant in the FM band (e.g., at frequencies between about 88 MHz and about 108 MHz, etc.) and can also work at AM frequencies, but may not at all be resonant at various AM frequencies (e.g., frequencies between about 535 KHz and about 1735 KHz, etc.). The AM/FM antenna  420  may also be tuned as desired for operation at desired frequency bands by, for example, adjusting dimensions of the plating  446  provided toward the upper portion of the AM/FM antenna  420 , adjusting size and/or number and/or orientation and/or type of the traces  448  provided around the PCB  484 , etc. For example, the AM/FM antenna  420  could be tuned (or retuned), as desired, to Japanese FM frequencies (e.g., including frequencies between about 76 MHz and about 93 MHz, etc.), DAB-VHF-III (e.g., including frequencies between about 174 MHz and about 240 MHz, etc.) other similar VHF bands, other frequency bands, etc. 
     The second antenna  422  of the illustrated antenna assembly  400  is a patch antenna configured for use with SDARS (e.g., configured for receiving desired SDARS signals, etc.). This SDARS antenna  422  is coupled to the chassis  418  at a second PCB  456  located toward a forward portion of the chassis  418 . The second PCB  456  is fastened to the chassis  418  by mechanical fasteners. The SDARS antenna  422  is electrically coupled to the second PCB  456  as desired and fastened thereto by a mechanical fastener. The SDARS antenna  422  may be operable at one or more desired frequencies including, for example, frequencies ranging between about 2,320 MHz and about 2,345 MHz, etc. The SDARS antenna  422  may also be tuned as desired for operation at desired frequency bands by, for example, changing dielectric materials, changing sizes of metal plating, etc. used in connection with the SDARS antenna  422 , etc. 
     The third antenna  470  is a patch antenna configured for use with global positioning systems (GPS) (e.g., configured for receiving desired GPS signals, etc.). This GPS antenna  470  may be coupled to the chassis  418  via the second PCB  456  at a location adjacent the SDARS antenna  422 . In the illustrated embodiment, the GPS antenna  470  is shown stacked with the SDARS antenna  422  (one on top of the other) on the second PCB  456 . As such, the SDARS antenna  422  and the GPS antenna  470  are co-located on or supported by the second PCB  456 . The GPS antenna  470  may be operable at one or more desired frequencies including, for example, frequencies ranging between about 1,574 MHz and about 1,576 MHz, etc. And, the GPS antenna  470  may also be tuned as desired for operation at desired frequency bands by, for example, changing dielectric materials, changing sizes of metal plating, etc. used in connection with the GPS antenna  470 , etc. 
     The fourth antenna  472  is a vertical monopole antenna configured for use with cell phones (e.g., for receiving desired cell phone signals, etc.). This cell phone antenna  472  is coupled to the chassis  418  at the second PCB  456  at a location adjacent the SDARS antenna  422  and GPS antenna  470  (e.g., in a similar fashion to how the cell phone antenna  372  is coupled to the chassis  318  for the antenna assembly  300  illustrated in  FIGS. 10-12 , etc.). As such, the SDARS antenna  422 , the GPS antenna  470 , and the cell phone antenna  472  are co-located on or supported by the second PCB  456 . 
     The cell phone antenna  472  includes first and second conductors  474  and  476  (or radiating elements) positioned along base  478 , which is generally vertically oriented relative to the second PCB  456 . The first and second conductors  474  and  476  are soldered to the second PCB  456 , as is suitable, for electrically connecting the cell phone antenna  472  to the second PCB  456 . The first and second conductors  474  and  476  are oriented such that the first conductor  474  is generally centrally located on the base  478  and the second conductor  476  extends generally around the first conductor  474 . The first and second conductors  474  and  476  are spaced apart such that an open slot is defined between the first and second conductors  474  and  476  for partitioning or separating the conductors  474  and  476 . The open slot is preferably configured to help provide impedance matching to the cell phone antenna  472  (which may help improve power transfer for the cell phone antenna  472 ). The base  478  of the cell phone antenna  472  can be constructed from any suitable material within the scope of the present disclosure including, for example, printed circuit board materials, double sided printed circuit board materials, other substrate materials, etc. And, the first and second conductors  474  and  476  can be made from any suitable electrically conductive material within the scope of the present disclosure including, for example, metallic materials such as copper, etc., or other electrically conductive materials, etc. 
     The cell phone antenna  472  may be operable at one or more desired frequencies including, for example frequencies associated with the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)  850 , the GSM  900 , the GSM  1800 , the GSM  1900 , the Personal Communications Service (PCS), the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), the Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS), etc. AMPS typically operates in the 800 MHz frequency band; GSM typically operates in the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz frequency bands in Europe, but in the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz frequency bands in the United States; PCS typically operates in the 1900 MHz frequency band; and UMTS typically operates in the 1900 MHz to 1980 MHz frequency band for uplinks and in the 2110 MHz to 2170 MHz frequency band for downlinks. 
     As an example, the first conductor  474  may be tuned to receive frequencies over a bandwidth ranging from about 1,650 MHz to about 2,700 MHz, including those frequencies associated with the PCS. And, the second conductor  476  may be tuned to receive frequencies over a bandwidth ranging from about 800 MHz to about 1,000 MHz, including those frequencies associated with the AMPS. Thus, the illustrated cell phone antenna  472  can be viewed as a dual band cell phone antenna  472 , operable over multiple bands of frequencies. Multiple cell phones may thus be used in connection with the cell phone antenna  472 . The cell phone antenna  472  can be tuned as desired for operation at desired frequency bands by, for example, adjusting configurations (e.g., dimensions, shapes, materials, etc.) of the conductors  474  and  476 , etc. 
     An electrical connector (not shown) may be attached to the first PCB  438  and the second PCB  456  for coupling the antenna assembly  400  to a suitable communication link (e.g., a coaxial cable, etc.) in a mobile platform. In this way, the first and/or second PCB  438  and/or  456  may receive signal inputs from the antennas  420 ,  422 ,  470 , and/or  472 , process the signal inputs, and transmit the processed signal inputs to the suitable communication link. Alternatively, or in addition, the first and/or second PCB  438  and/or  456  may process signal inputs to be transmitted via or through the antennas  420 ,  422 ,  470 , and/or  472 . With this said, it is understood that that the antennas  420 ,  422 ,  470 , and/or  472  may receive and/or transmit radio signals as desired. 
     In some example embodiments, the second antenna  422  and/or the third antenna  470  could be configured to receive and/or transmit frequencies associated with Wi-Fi and/or Wi-Max (e.g., frequencies in the 2400 MHz band), frequencies associated with DAB-VHF-III (e.g., frequencies between about 170 MHz and about 230 MHz, etc.) and/or frequencies associated with DAB-L (e.g., frequencies between about 1,452 MHz and about 1,492 MHz, etc.) (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 7,489,280, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, etc.). 
       FIG. 23  illustrates an example cover, housing, or radome  594  suitable for use with the antenna assembly  400  illustrated in  FIG. 22  (or, for that matter, with other antenna assemblies of the present disclosure). The cover  594  can help protect the components (e.g., the antennas  420 ,  422 ,  470 , and  472 , the PCBs  438  and/or  456  and/or  484 , etc.) of the antenna assembly  400  when enclosed within the cover  594 . For example, the cover  594  can be configured to couple to the chassis  418  and substantially seal the components of the antenna assembly  400  within the cover  594 , thereby protecting the components against ingress of contaminants (e.g., dust, moisture, etc.) into an interior enclosure of the cover  594 . This also allows the antennas  420 ,  422 ,  470 , and  472  of the antenna assembly  400  to be co-located under the cover  594  (and together coupled to a mobile platform as desired). 
     The illustrated cover  594  includes an insert  596  (e.g., a top-load metal plate, etc.) that is positioned within a top inner portion of the cover  594 . For example, if the cover  594  is installed to the antenna assembly  400 , the insert  596  is capable of electrically contacting the clip of the AM/FM antenna  420  when the cover  594  is positioned over the antenna assembly  400 . The insert  596  is constructed from a suitable electrically conductive material (e.g., metal, etc.). As such, the clip and insert  596  can operate to establish electrical contact between the AM/FM antenna  420  and the insert  596 , whereby the insert  596  operates to form a capacitive load portion of the AM/FM antenna  420 . 
       FIG. 24  illustrates an example stacked orientation of an SDARS antenna  622  and a GPS antenna  670  (one on top of the other). The stacked antennas  622  and  670  are shown coupled to a PCB  656  (e.g., via suitable operations such as, for example, any of those described herein, etc.). And, the PCB  656  is shown coupled to a chassis  618  (e.g., via suitable operations such as, for example, any of those described herein, etc.). The illustrated stacked SDARS and GPS antennas  622  and  670  can be included with any of the embodiments of antenna assemblies of the present disclosure (e.g., antenna assembly  100 ,  200 ,  300 ,  400 ,  700 ,  800 ,  900 ,  1000 ,  1100 , etc.) as desired. 
       FIG. 25  illustrates another example embodiment of an antenna assembly  700  including at least one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The antenna assembly  700  of this embodiment may include features similar to the antenna assembly  400  shown in  FIG. 22  and/or features similar to the radome  594  and insert  596  shown in  FIG. 23 . 
     For example, the antenna assembly  700  of this embodiment includes a chassis  718  configured to couple the antenna assembly  700  to a mobile platform. The antenna assembly  700  also includes first, second, third, and fourth antennas  720 ,  722 ,  770 , and  772 . In this example, the antennas  720 ,  722 ,  770  and  772  are configured respectively for AM/FM radio, SDARS, GPS, and cellular. 
     The first antenna  720  is a vertical monopole antenna configured for use with AM/FM radio (e.g., configured for receiving desired AM/FM radio signals, etc.). In this exemplary embodiment, the AM/FM antenna  720  includes, is defined by, etc. a PCB  784 . The AM/FM antenna PCB  784  is coupled to the chassis  718  at a first PCB  738  located toward a rearward portion of the chassis  718 . The first PCB  738  is coupled to the chassis  718  by mechanical fasteners  711 , and the AM/FM antenna PCB  784  is coupled to the first PCB  738  by solder. Other suitable couplings may be used as desired. In addition, tab portions  786  of the AM/FM antenna PCB  784  interconnect with corresponding slot portions of the PCB  738  to further help position and/or couple the AM/FM antenna PCB  784  on the PCB  738 . 
     Also in this exemplary embodiment shown in  FIG. 25 , electrically conductive plating  746  is provided toward an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna  720  (e.g., toward an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna PCB  784 , etc.) for capacitively loading the AM/FM antenna  720 . This defines a capacitively loaded portion of the AM/FM antenna  720 , toward an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna  720 . 
     In addition, electrically conductive traces  748  (broadly, electrical conductors) are provided along a middle portion of the AM/FM antenna  720  (e.g., toward a middle portion of the AM/FM antenna PCB  784 , etc.) for inductively loading the middle portion of the AM/FM antenna  720 . This defines an inductively loaded portion of the AM/FM antenna  720 , toward a middle portion of the AM/FM antenna  720 . The traces  748  may be etched around the PCB  784 . The traces  748  are oriented generally parallel to each other along respective side surfaces of the AM/FM antenna PCB  784  and extend lengthwise along the AM/FM antenna PCB  784 . End portions of the traces  748  may curve around or extend through the AM/FM antenna PCB  784  (at locations toward side edge portions of the PCB  784 ) and thereby interconnect corresponding traces  748  on the opposing side surfaces of the AM/FM antenna PCB  784 . As such, the traces  748  define a continuous electrical path generally coiling around at least part of the AM/FM antenna  720  (e.g., around the AM/FM antenna PCB  784  in a clockwise direction when viewed from above, etc.). In this illustrated embodiment, the antenna assembly  700  includes eleven traces  748  located along the AM/FM antenna PCB  784 . Other antenna assemblies may include other numbers of traces (e.g., nine traces, eleven traces, etc.) as desired. In addition, the number of traces on each side of the AM/FM antenna PCB  784  may be different. 
     A clip  785  (e.g., electrically-conductive spring clip, etc.) is coupled to (e.g., soldered, etc.) an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna PCB  784 . The clip is constructed from a suitable electrically conductive material (e.g., metal, etc.) and is configured to electrically connect to an insert  796  (e.g., a top load plate inserted into the cover, etc.) that is positioned and mechanically fastened (e.g., by mechanical fasteners  715 , etc.) within the radome  794 . As such, the clip  785  and insert  796  can operate to establish electrical contact between the AM/FM antenna  720  and the insert  796 , whereby the insert  796  operates to form a capacitive load portion of the AM/FM antenna  720 . 
     The second antenna  722  is a patch antenna configured for use with SDARS (e.g., configured for receiving desired SDARS signals, etc.). This SDARS antenna  722  is coupled to the chassis  718  at a second PCB  756  located toward a forward portion of the chassis  718 . The second PCB  756  is fastened to the chassis  718  by mechanical fasteners  711 . The SDARS antenna  722  is electrically coupled to the second PCB  756  as desired (e.g., by a patch pin  713 , etc.) and fastened thereto, e.g., by a mechanical fastener. 
     The third antenna  770  is a patch antenna configured for use with global positioning systems (GPS) (e.g., configured for receiving desired GPS signals, etc.). In the illustrated embodiment, the GPS antenna  770  is stacked with the SDARS antenna  722  (one on top of the other) on the second PCB  756 . 
     The fourth antenna  772  is a vertical monopole antenna configured for use with cell phones (e.g., for receiving desired cell phone signals, etc.). This cell phone antenna  772  is coupled to the chassis  718  at the first PCB  738  at a location adjacent the AM/FM antenna  720 . 
     The antenna assembly  700  also includes a fastener member  797  (e.g., threaded mounting bolt having a hexagonal head, etc.), a first retention component  798  (e.g., an insulator clip, etc.), and a second retention component  799  (e.g., retaining clip, etc.). The fastener member  797  and retention members  798 ,  799  may be used to mount the antenna assembly to an automobile roof, hood, trunk (e.g., with an unobstructed view overhead or toward the zenith, etc.) where the mounting surface of the automobile acts as a ground plane for the antenna assembly  700 . 
     The fastener member  797  and retaining components  798 ,  799  allow the antenna assembly  700  to be installed and fixedly mounted to a vehicle body wall. The fastener member  797  and retaining components  798 ,  799  may first be inserted into a mounting hole in the vehicle body wall from an external side of the vehicle such that the chassis  718  is disposed on the external side of the vehicle body wall and the fastener  797  is accessible from inside the vehicle. In this stage of the installation process, the antenna assembly  700  may thus be held in place relative to the vehicle body wall in a first installed position. 
     The first retaining component  798  includes legs, and the second retaining component  799  includes tapered faces. The first and second retaining components  798 ,  799  also include aligned openings through which passes the fastener member  797  to be threadedly connected to a threaded opening in the chassis  718 . 
     The legs of the first retaining component  798  are configured to make contact with the corresponding tapered faces of the second retaining component  799 . When the first retaining component  798  is compressively moved generally towards the mounting hole by driving the fastener member  797  in a direction generally towards the antenna base  718 , the legs may deform and expand generally outwardly relative to the mounting hole against the interior compartment side of the vehicle body wall, thereby securing the antenna assembly  700  to the vehicle body wall in a second, operational installed position. 
     The antenna assembly  700  includes a sealing member  701  (e.g., an O-ring, a resiliently compressible elastomeric or foam gasket, a PORON microcellular urethane foam gasket, etc.) that will be positioned between the chassis  718  and the roof of a car (or other mounting surface). The sealing member  701  may substantial seal the chassis  718  against the roof and substantially seal the mounting hole in the roof. The antenna assembly  700  also includes a sealing member  703  (e.g., an O-ring, a resiliently compressible elastomeric or foam gasket, caulk, adhesives, other suitable packing or sealing members, etc.) that is positioned between the radome  794  and the chassis  718  for substantially sealing the radome  794  against the chassis  718 . In this example, the sealing member  703  may be at least partially seated within a groove defined along or by the chassis  718 . 
     The antenna assembly  700  includes gaskets  705 . In operation, the gaskets  705  help ensure that the chassis  718  will be grounded to a vehicle roof and also allows the antenna assembly  700  to be used with different roof curvatures. The gaskets  705  may include electrically-conductive fingers (e.g., metallic or metal spring fingers, etc.). In an exemplary embodiment, the gaskets  705  comprise fingerstock gaskets from Laird Technologies, Inc. 
     The cover or radome  794  is configured to be secured to the chassis  718 . In this illustrated embodiment, the radome  794  is secured to the chassis  718  by mechanical fasteners  707  (e.g., screws, etc.). Alternatively, the radome  794  may secure to the chassis  718  via any suitable operation, for example, a snap fit connection, mechanical fasteners (e.g., screws, other fastening devices, etc.), ultrasonic welding, solvent welding, heat staking, latching, bayonet connections, hook connections, integrated fastening features, etc. 
       FIG. 30  illustrates another example embodiment of an antenna assembly  800  including at least one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The antenna assembly  800  of this embodiment includes features similar to the antenna assembly  700  shown in  FIG. 25 . For example, the antenna assembly  800  includes a chassis  818  configured to couple the antenna assembly  800  to a mobile platform via a fastener member  897  (e.g., threaded mounting bolt having a hexagonal head, etc.), a first retention component  898  (e.g., an insulator clip, etc.), and a second retention component  899  (e.g., retaining clip, etc.). The antenna assembly  800  also includes sealing members  801  and  803 , gaskets  805 , and a radome  894 . The radome  894  may be secured to the chassis  818  by mechanical fasteners  807  (e.g., screws, etc.). 
     The antenna assembly  800  includes first and second PCBs  838 ,  856  and two antennas  820  and  870 . The antenna  870  is a patch antenna configured for use with global positioning systems (GPS) (e.g., configured for receiving desired GPS signals, etc.). This GPS antenna  870  is coupled to the chassis  818  at the second PCB  856  located toward a forward portion of the chassis  818 . The second PCB  856  is fastened to the chassis  818  by mechanical fasteners  811 . The GPS antenna  870  is electrically coupled to the second PCB  856  as desired (e.g., by a patch pin, etc.) and fastened thereto, e.g., by a mechanical fastener. 
     The antenna  820  is a vertical monopole antenna configured for use with AM/FM radio (e.g., configured for receiving desired AM/FM radio signals, etc.). The AM/FM antenna  820  includes, is defined by, etc. a PCB  884 . The AM/FM antenna PCB  884  is coupled to the chassis  818  at the first PCB  838  located toward a rearward portion of the chassis  818 . The first PCB  838  is coupled to the chassis  818  by mechanical fasteners  811 , and the AM/FM antenna PCB  884  is coupled to the first PCB  838  by solder. Other suitable couplings may be used as desired. In addition, downwardly protruding tab portions  886  along the bottom of the AM/FM antenna PCB  884  interconnect with corresponding slot portions on the PCB  838  to further help position and/or couple the AM/FM antenna PCB  884  to the PCB  838 . 
     Electrically conductive plating may be provided toward an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna  820  (e.g., toward an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna PCB  884 , etc.) for capacitively loading the AM/FM antenna  820 . This defines a capacitively loaded portion of the AM/FM antenna  820 , toward an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna  820 . 
     In addition, electrically conductive traces (broadly, electrical conductors) may be provided along a middle portion of the AM/FM antenna  820  (e.g., toward a middle portion of the AM/FM antenna PCB  884 , etc.) for inductively loading the middle portion of the AM/FM antenna  820 . This defines an inductively loaded portion of the AM/FM antenna  820 , toward a middle portion of the AM/FM antenna  820 . The traces may be etched around the PCB  884 . The traces may be oriented generally parallel to each other along respective side surfaces of the AM/FM antenna PCB  884  and extend lengthwise along the AM/FM antenna PCB  884 . End portions of the traces may curve around or extend through the AM/FM antenna PCB  884  (at locations toward side edge portions of the PCB  884 ) and thereby interconnect corresponding traces on the opposing side surfaces of the AM/FM antenna PCB  884 . As such, the traces define a continuous electrical path generally coiling around at least part of the AM/FM antenna  820  (e.g., around the AM/FM antenna PCB  884  in a clockwise direction when viewed from above, etc.). By way of example, the antenna assembly  800  may include nine, ten, or eleven traces located along the AM/FM antenna PCB  884 . Other antenna assemblies may include other numbers of traces (e.g., nine traces, eleven traces, etc.) as desired. In addition, the number of traces on each side of the AM/FM antenna PCB may be different. 
     A clip  885  (e.g., electrically-conductive spring clip, etc.) is coupled to (e.g., soldered, etc.) an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna PCB  884 . The clip  885  is constructed from a suitable electrically conductive material (e.g., metal, etc.) and is configured to electrically connect to an insert  896  (e.g., a top load plate inserted into the cover, etc.) that is positioned and mechanically fastened (e.g., with mechanical fasteners  815 , etc.) within the radome  894 . As such, the clip  885  and insert  896  can operate to establish electrical contact between the AM/FM antenna  820  and the insert  896 , whereby the insert  896  operates to form a capacitive load portion of the AM/FM antenna  820 . 
     The antenna assembly  800  further includes foam pads  809 . The foam pads  809  may be positioned about front portions of the insert  896 , for example, to help hold the front portions in place and/or inhibit vibrations during travel of the vehicle to which the antenna assembly  800  in mounted. 
       FIG. 32  illustrates another example embodiment of an antenna assembly  900  including at least one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The antenna assembly  900  of this embodiment includes features similar to the antenna assembly  700  shown in  FIG. 25 . For example, the antenna assembly  900  includes a chassis  918  configured to couple the antenna assembly  900  to a mobile platform via a fastener member  997  (e.g., threaded mounting bolt having a hexagonal head, etc.), a first retention component  998  (e.g., an insulator clip, etc.), and a second retention component  999  (e.g., retaining clip, etc.). The antenna assembly  900  also includes a sealing member  901 , an overmolded dust seal  903  on the chassis  918 , a gasket  905 , and a radome  994 . The radome  994  may be secured to the chassis  918  by mechanical fasteners  907  (e.g., screws, etc.). 
     The antenna assembly  900  includes first and second PCBs  938 ,  956  and two antennas  920  and  922 . The antenna  922  is a patch antenna configured for use with satellite digital audio radio services (SDARS) (e.g., Sirius XM Satellite Radio, etc.) (e.g., configured for receiving/transmitting desired SDARS signals, etc.). This SDARS antenna  922  is coupled to the chassis  918  at the second PCB  956  located toward a forward portion of the chassis  918 . The second PCB  956  is fastened to the chassis  918  by mechanical fasteners  911 . The SDARS antenna  922  is electrically coupled to the second PCB  956  as desired (e.g., by a patch pin  913 , etc.) and fastened thereto, e.g., by a mechanical fastener. 
     The antenna  920  is a vertical monopole antenna configured for use with AM/FM radio (e.g., configured for receiving desired AM/FM radio signals, etc.). The AM/FM antenna  920  includes, is defined by, etc. a PCB  984 . The AM/FM antenna PCB  984  is coupled to the chassis  918  at the first PCB  938  located toward a rearward portion of the chassis  918 . The first PCB  938  is coupled to the chassis  918  by mechanical fasteners  911 , and the AM/FM antenna PCB  984  is coupled to the first PCB  938  by solder. Other suitable couplings may be used as desired. In addition, tab portions  986  of the AM/FM antenna PCB  984  interconnect with corresponding slot portions on the PCB  938  to further help position and/or couple the AM/FM antenna PCB  984  to the PCB  938 . 
     Electrically conductive plating  946  may be provided toward an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna  920  (e.g., toward an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna PCB  984 , etc.) for capacitively loading the AM/FM antenna  920 . This defines a capacitively loaded portion of the AM/FM antenna  920 , toward an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna  920 . 
     In addition, electrically conductive traces  948  (broadly, electrical conductors) may be provided along a middle portion of the AM/FM antenna  920  (e.g., toward a middle portion of the AM/FM antenna PCB  984 , etc.) for inductively loading the middle portion of the AM/FM antenna  920 . This defines an inductively loaded portion of the AM/FM antenna  920 , toward a middle portion of the AM/FM antenna  920 . The traces  948  may be etched around the PCB  984 . The traces  948  may be oriented generally parallel to each other along respective side surfaces of the AM/FM antenna PCB  984  and extend lengthwise along the AM/FM antenna PCB  984 . End portions of the traces  948  may curve around or extend through the AM/FM antenna PCB  984  (at locations toward side edge portions of the PCB  984 ) and thereby interconnect corresponding traces  948  on the opposing side surfaces of the AM/FM antenna PCB  984 . As such, the traces  948  define a continuous electrical path generally coiling around at least part of the AM/FM antenna  920  (e.g., around the AM/FM antenna PCB  984  in a clockwise direction when viewed from above, etc.). By way of example, the antenna assembly  900  may include ten traces  948  located along the AM/FM antenna PCB  984 . Other antenna assemblies may include other numbers of traces (e.g., nine traces, eleven traces, etc.) as desired. In addition, the number of traces on each side of the AM/FM antenna PCB may be different. 
     A clip  985  (e.g., electrically-conductive spring clip, etc.) is coupled to (e.g., soldered, etc.) an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna PCB  984 . The clip is constructed from a suitable electrically conductive material (e.g., metal, etc.) and is configured to electrically connect to an insert  996  (e.g., a top load plate inserted into the cover, etc.) that is positioned and mechanically fastened (e.g., with mechanical fasteners  915 , etc.) within the radome  994 . As such, the clip  985  and insert  996  can operate to establish electrical contact between the AM/FM antenna  920  and the insert  996 , whereby the insert  996  operates to form a capacitive load portion of the AM/FM antenna  920 . 
       FIG. 34  illustrates another example embodiment of an antenna assembly  1000  including at least one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The antenna assembly  1000  of this embodiment includes features similar to the antenna assembly  700  shown in  FIG. 25 . For example, the antenna assembly  1000  includes a chassis  1018  configured to couple the antenna assembly  1000  to a mobile platform via a fastener member  1097  (e.g., threaded mounting bolt having a hexagonal head, etc.), a first retention component  1098  (e.g., an insulator clip, etc.), and a second retention component  1099  (e.g., retaining clip, etc.). The antenna assembly  1000  also includes sealing members  1001 ,  1003 , and  1017 , gaskets  1005 , and a radome  1094 . The radome  1094  may be secured to the chassis  1018  by mechanical fasteners  1007  (e.g., screws, etc.). 
     The antenna assembly  1000  includes first and second PCBs  1038 ,  1056  and four antennas  1020 ,  1022 ,  1070 , and  1072 . The antenna  1022  is a patch antenna configured for use with satellite digital audio radio services (SDARS) (e.g., Sirius XM Satellite Radio, etc.) (e.g., configured for receiving/transmitting desired SDARS signals, etc.). This SDARS antenna  1022  is coupled to the chassis  1018  at the second PCB  1056  located toward a forward portion of the chassis  1018 . The second PCB  1056  is fastened to the chassis  1018  by mechanical fasteners  1011 . The SDARS antenna  1022  is electrically coupled to the second PCB  1056  as desired (e.g., by a patch pin, etc.) and fastened thereto, e.g., by a mechanical fastener. 
     The antenna  1070  is a patch antenna configured for use with global positioning systems (GPS) (e.g., configured for receiving desired GPS signals, etc.). This GPS antenna  1070  is coupled to the chassis  1018  via the second PCB  1056  at a location adjacent the SDARS antenna  1022 . Alternatively, the GPS antenna  1070  could be stacked with the SDARS antenna  1022  (one on top of the other) on the second PCB  1056 . The GPS antenna  1070  is electrically coupled to the second PCB  1056  as desired (e.g., by a patch pin, etc.) and fastened thereto, e.g., by a mechanical fastener. 
     The antenna  1072  is a vertical antenna configured for use with cell phones (e.g., for receiving desired cell phone signals, etc.). This cell phone antenna  1072  is coupled to the chassis  1018  at the second PCB  1056  at about a middle of the antenna assembly  1000 . 
     The antenna  1020  is a vertical monopole antenna configured for use with AM/FM radio (e.g., configured for receiving desired AM/FM radio signals, etc.). The AM/FM antenna  1020  includes, is defined by, etc. a PCB  1084 . The AM/FM antenna PCB  1084  is coupled to the chassis  1018  at the first PCB  1038  located toward a rearward portion of the chassis  1018 . The first PCB  1038  is coupled to the chassis  1018  by mechanical fasteners  1011 , and the AM/FM antenna PCB  1084  is coupled to the first PCB  1038  by solder. Other suitable couplings may be used as desired. In addition, tab portions along the bottom of the AM/FM antenna PCB  1084  interconnect with corresponding slot portions on the PCB  1038  to further help position and/or couple the AM/FM antenna PCB  1084  to the PCB  1038 . 
     Electrically conductive plating  1046  may be provided toward an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna  1020  (e.g., toward an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna PCB  1084 , etc.) for capacitively loading the AM/FM antenna  1020 . This defines a capacitively loaded portion of the AM/FM antenna  1020 , toward an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna  1020 . 
     In addition, electrically conductive traces  1048  (broadly, electrical conductors) may be provided along a middle portion of the AM/FM antenna  1020  (e.g., toward a middle portion of the AM/FM antenna PCB  1084 , etc.) for inductively loading the middle portion of the AM/FM antenna  1020 . This defines an inductively loaded portion of the AM/FM antenna  1020 , toward a middle portion of the AM/FM antenna  1020 . The traces  1048  may be etched around the PCB  1084 . The traces  1048  may be oriented generally parallel to each other along respective side surfaces of the AM/FM antenna PCB  1084  and extend lengthwise along the AM/FM antenna PCB  1084 . End portions of the traces  1048  may curve around or extend through the AM/FM antenna PCB  1084  (at locations toward side edge portions of the PCB  1084 ) and thereby interconnect corresponding traces  1048  on the opposing side surfaces of the AM/FM antenna PCB  1084 . As such, the traces  1048  define a continuous electrical path generally coiling around at least part of the AM/FM antenna  1020  (e.g., around the AM/FM antenna PCB  1084  in a clockwise direction when viewed from above, etc.). By way of example, the antenna assembly  1000  may include eleven traces  1048  located along the AM/FM antenna PCB  1084 . Other antenna assemblies may include other numbers of traces (e.g., nine traces, ten traces, etc.) as desired. In addition, the number of traces on each side of the AM/FM antenna PCB  1084  may be different. 
     A clip  1085  (e.g., electrically-conductive spring clip, etc.) is coupled to (e.g., soldered, etc.) an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna PCB  1084 . The clip is constructed from a suitable electrically conductive material (e.g., metal, etc.) and is configured to electrically connect to an insert  1096  (e.g., a top load plate inserted into the cover, etc.) that is positioned and mechanically fastened (e.g., with mechanical fasteners  1015 , etc.) within the radome  1094 . As such, the clip  1085  and insert  1096  can operate to establish electrical contact between the AM/FM antenna  1020  and the insert  1096 , whereby the insert  1096  operates to form a capacitive load portion of the AM/FM antenna  1020 . 
     The antenna assembly  1000  further includes foam  1009  (e.g., a foam pad, foam tape, etc.). The foam  1009  may be positioned relative to the insert  1096 , for example, to help hold the insert  1096  in place and/or inhibit vibrations during travel of the vehicle to which the antenna assembly  1000  is mounted. 
       FIG. 35  illustrates another example embodiment of an antenna assembly  1100  including at least one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In this exemplary embodiment, the antenna assembly  1100  is configured for use as a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna assembly operable over multiple frequency bands, including LTE (Long Term Evolution) frequencies (e.g., 4G, 3G, other LTE generation, B17 (LTE), LTE (700 MHz), etc.). 
     The antenna assembly  1100  includes features similar to the antenna assembly  700  shown in  FIG. 25 . For example, the antenna assembly  1100  includes a chassis  1118  configured to couple the antenna assembly  1100  to a mobile platform via a fastener member  1197  (e.g., threaded mounting bolt having a hexagonal head, etc.), a first retention component  1198  (e.g., an insulator clip, etc.), and a second retention component  1199  (e.g., retaining clip, etc.). The antenna assembly  1100  also includes sealing members  1101 ,  1103 , and  1117 , gaskets  1105 , and a radome  1194 . The radome  1194  may be secured to the chassis  1118  by mechanical fasteners  1107  (e.g., screws, etc.). 
     The antenna assembly  1100  includes first and second PCBs  1138 ,  1156  and five antennas  1120 ,  1122 ,  1170 ,  1172 , and  1173 . The antenna  1122  is a patch antenna configured for use with satellite digital audio radio services (SDARS) (e.g., Sirius XM Satellite Radio, etc.) (e.g., configured for receiving/transmitting desired SDARS signals, etc.). This SDARS antenna  1122  is coupled to the chassis  1118  at the second PCB  1156  located toward a forward portion of the chassis  1118 . The second PCB  1156  is fastened to the chassis  1118  by mechanical fasteners  1111 . The SDARS antenna  1122  is electrically coupled to the second PCB  1156  as desired (e.g., by a patch pin, etc.) and fastened thereto, e.g., by a mechanical fastener. 
     The antenna  1170  is a patch antenna configured for use with global positioning systems (GPS) or global navigation satellite system (GLONASS). This GPS/GLONASS antenna  1170  is coupled to the chassis  1118  via the second PCB  1156  at a location adjacent the SDARS antenna  1122 . Alternatively, the antenna  1170  could be stacked with the SDARS antenna  1122  (one on top of the other) on the second PCB  1156 . The antenna  1170  is electrically coupled to the second PCB  1156  as desired (e.g., by a patch pin, etc.) and fastened thereto, e.g., by a mechanical fastener. 
     The antennas  1172  and  1173  are antenna elements configured for use with cell phones (e.g., for receiving desired cell phone signals, etc.). In operation, the antenna  1173  is operable as a first or primary cellular antenna that is operable for both receiving and transmitting communication signals within one or more cellular frequency bands. The antenna  1172  is operable as a second or secondary cellular antenna for receiving communication signals within one or more cellular frequency bands. The primary cell phone antenna  1173  is coupled to the chassis  1118  at the first PCB  1138  toward or adjacent a back of the assembly  1100 . The secondary cell phone antenna  1172  is coupled to the chassis  1118  at the second PCB  1156  at about a middle of the antenna assembly  1100  such that the AM/FM antenna  1120  is between the cell phone antennas  1172  and  1173 . 
     The antenna  1120  is a vertical monopole antenna configured for use with AM/FM radio (e.g., configured for receiving desired AM/FM radio signals, etc.). The AM/FM antenna  1120  includes, is defined by, etc. a PCB  1184 . The AM/FM antenna PCB  1184  is coupled to the chassis  1118  at the first PCB  1138  located toward a rearward portion of the chassis  1118 . The first PCB  1138  is coupled to the chassis  1118  by mechanical fasteners  1111 , and the AM/FM antenna PCB  1184  is coupled to the first PCB  1138  by solder. Other suitable couplings may be used as desired. In addition, tab portions along the bottom of the AM/FM antenna PCB  1184  interconnect with corresponding slot portions on the PCB  1138  to further help position and/or couple the AM/FM antenna PCB  1184  to the PCB  1138 . 
     Electrically conductive plating  1146  may be provided toward an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna  1120  (e.g., toward an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna PCB  1184 , etc.) for capacitively loading the AM/FM antenna  1120 . This defines a capacitively loaded portion of the AM/FM antenna  1120 , toward an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna  1120 . 
     In addition, electrically conductive traces  1148  (broadly, electrical conductors) may be provided along a middle portion of the AM/FM antenna  1120  (e.g., toward a middle portion of the AM/FM antenna PCB  1184 , etc.) for inductively loading the middle portion of the AM/FM antenna  1120 . This defines an inductively loaded portion of the AM/FM antenna  1120 , toward a middle portion of the AM/FM antenna  1120 . The traces  1148  may be etched around the PCB  1184 . The traces  1148  may be oriented generally parallel to each other along respective side surfaces of the AM/FM antenna PCB  1184  and extend lengthwise along the AM/FM antenna PCB  1184 . End portions of the traces  1148  may curve around or extend through the AM/FM antenna PCB  1184  (at locations toward side edge portions of the PCB  1184 ) and thereby interconnect corresponding traces  1148  on the opposing side surfaces of the AM/FM antenna PCB  1184 . As such, the traces  1148  define a continuous electrical path generally coiling around at least part of the AM/FM antenna  1120  (e.g., around the AM/FM antenna PCB  1184  in a clockwise direction when viewed from above, etc.). By way of example, the antenna assembly  1100  may include eleven traces  1148  located along the AM/FM antenna PCB  1184 . Other antenna assemblies may include other numbers of traces (e.g., nine traces, ten traces, etc.) as desired. In addition, the number of traces on each side of the AM/FM antenna PCB  1184  may be different. 
     A clip  1185  (e.g., electrically-conductive spring clip, etc.) is coupled to (e.g., soldered, etc.) an upper portion of the AM/FM antenna PCB  1184 . The clip  1185  is constructed from a suitable electrically conductive material (e.g., metal, etc.) and is configured to electrically connect to an insert  1196  (e.g., a top load plate inserted into the cover, etc.) that is positioned and mechanically fastened (e.g., with mechanical fasteners  1115 , etc.) within the radome  1194 . As such, the clip  1185  and insert  1196  can operate to establish electrical contact between the AM/FM antenna  1120  and the insert  1196 , whereby the insert  1196  operates to form a capacitive load portion of the AM/FM antenna  1120 . 
     The antenna assembly  1100  further includes foam  1109  (e.g., a foam pad, foam tape, etc.). The foam  1109  may be positioned relative to the insert  1196 , for example, to help hold the insert  1196  in place and/or inhibit vibrations during travel of the vehicle to which the antenna assembly  1100  in mounted. 
       FIG. 36  illustrates an example embodiment of an antenna  1220  suitable for use with example embodiments of antenna assemblies (e.g., antenna assembly  100 ,  200 ,  300 ,  400 ,  700 ,  800 ,  900 ,  1000 ,  1100 , etc.) of the present disclosure. The illustrated antenna  1220  is a vertical monopole antenna configured for use with AM/FM radio (e.g., configured for receiving desired AM/FM radio signals, etc.). The AM/FM antenna  1220  can be coupled (physically, electrically, etc.) to a chassis (e.g., chassis  118 ,  218 ,  318 ,  418 ,  618 ,  718 ,  818 ,  918 ,  1018 ,  1118 , etc.) of an antenna assembly (e.g., toward a rearward portion of the chassis, etc.) at a first PCB (e.g., first PCB  138 ,  238 ,  338 ,  438 ,  738 ,  838 ,  938 ,  1038 ,  1138 , etc.) by suitable couplings (e.g., by mechanical fasteners, solder, any coupling disclosed herein, any other suitable coupling, etc.). 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the AM/FM antenna  1220  includes, is defined by, etc. a substrate  1284  (e.g., a PCB, etc.). Tab portions  1286  of the substrate  1284  can be used to help position and/or couple the substrate  1284  (and thus the AM/FM antenna  1220 ) on a chassis of an antenna assembly (e.g., on a first PCB of the antenna assembly, etc.). 
     Also in the illustrated embodiment, components (indicated generally at reference number  1288 ) such as, for example, electrical conductors (e.g., electrically conductive traces, wires, etc.), electrical components, electrically conductive plating, combinations thereof, other suitable components, etc. can be included with (e.g., provided on, coupled to, provided adjacent and coupled to, etc.) the substrate  1284 . For example, electrical conductors can be provided (e.g., vertically, horizontally, diagonally, etc.) along (e.g., on, directly on, spaced apart from, etc.) a portion of the substrate  1284 . In this example, the electrical conductors can define a continuous electrical path around at least part of the substrate  1284  (and the AM/FM antenna  1220 ) for inductively loading the portion of the substrate  1284  (and the AM/FM antenna  1220 ). The electrical conductors can be suitably oriented relative to the substrate  1284 , for example, in a coil shape, spiral shape, helix shape, a box shape, etc. wrapping, extending, etc. around the substrate  1284  (e.g., in a clockwise direction, a counterclockwise direction, etc.) to help define the inductively loaded portion of the AM/FM antenna  1220 . And also in this example, electrically conductive plating can be provided toward an upper portion of the substrate  1284  (suitably coupled to the electrical conductors, etc.) for capacitively loading the upper portion of the substrate  1284  (and the AM/FM antenna  1220 ). The electrically conductive plating can be suitably oriented along the substrate  1284  to help define the capacitively loaded portion of the AM/FM antenna  1220 . 
     The broken lines shown in  FIG. 35  are provided to generally indicate the components  1288  included with the substrate  1284 . Similar broken lines may be included on an opposite side of the substrate  784 . As such, the components  788  may be located along one side of the substrate  784  or along both sides of the substrate  784 , as desired. In addition, the components  788  may be located at any suitable positions along the substrate  784  and not necessarily only within the area defined by the broken lines in  FIG. 35  (e.g., all components  788  may be located within the area defined by the broken lines, some components  788  may be located within the area defined by the broken lines, none of the components  788  may be located within the area defined by the broken lines, etc.). 
     As described in connection with previous embodiments, a coupling wire can be used to electrically connect the AM/FM antenna  720  to a first PCB of an antenna assembly. For example, the coupling wire can connect through the first PCB (e.g., via a solder connection, etc.) to a lower portion of the components  788  included with the substrate  784 . This can electrically connect the first PCB to the components  784 , thereby helping define the inductively and capacitively loaded portions of the AM/FM antenna  720 . 
     The AM/FM antenna  720  may be operable at one or more frequencies including, for example frequencies ranging between about 140 KHz and about 110 MHz, etc. For example, the illustrated AM/FM antenna  720  can be resonant in the FM band (e.g., at frequencies between about 88 MHz and about 108 MHz, etc.) and can also work at AM frequencies, but may not at all be resonant at various AM frequencies (e.g., frequencies between about 535 KHz and about 1735 KHz, etc.). The AM/FM antenna  720  may also be tuned as desired for operation at desired frequency bands by, for example, adjusting dimensions of plating provided toward the upper portion of the AM/FM antenna  720 , adjusting size and/or number and/or orientation and/or type of traces provided around the AM/FM antenna  720 , etc. For example, the AM/FM antenna  720  could be tuned (or retuned), as desired, to Japanese FM frequencies (e.g., including frequencies between about 76 MHz and about 93 MHz, etc.), DAB-VHF-III (e.g., including frequencies between about 174 MHz and about 240 MHz, etc.) other similar VHF bands, other frequency bands, etc. 
     The AM/FM antenna  720  may also include a structure (e.g., a clip, a tab, etc.) formed from suitable electrically conductive material (e.g., metal, etc.) and configured to engage an inner portion of a cover when the cover is positioned over the antenna  720 . The cover could include a corresponding insert located within the inner portion of the cover and also constructed from a suitable electrically conductive material (e.g., metal, etc.). As such, when included, the structure of the AM/FM antenna  720  can operate to establish suitable electrical contact between the AM/FM antenna  720  and the cover, as desired, when the cover is located over the antenna  720 . 
     The specific materials and dimensions provided herein are for purposes of illustration only as antenna assemblies (and their antennas) may be configured from different materials and/or with different dimensions depending, for example, on the particular end use and/or frequencies intended for the antenna assemblies 
     Example embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough, and will fully convey the scope to those who are skilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth such as examples of specific components, devices, and methods, to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that specific details need not be employed, that example embodiments may be embodied in many different forms, and that neither should be construed to limit the scope of the disclosure. In some example embodiments, well-known processes, well-known device structures, and well-known technologies are not described in detail. In addition, advantages and improvements that may be achieved with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are provided for purpose of illustration only and do not limit the scope of the present disclosure, as exemplary embodiments disclosed herein may provide all or none of the above mentioned advantages and improvements and still fall within the scope of the present disclosure. 
     Specific dimensions, specific materials, and/or specific shapes disclosed herein are example in nature and do not limit the scope of the present disclosure. The disclosure herein of particular values and particular ranges of values for given parameters are not exclusive of other values and ranges of values that may be useful in one or more of the examples disclosed herein. Moreover, it is envisioned that any two particular values for a specific parameter stated herein may define the endpoints of a range of values that may be suitable for the given parameter (i.e., the disclosure of a first value and a second value for a given parameter can be interpreted as disclosing that any value between the first and second values could also be employed for the given parameter). For example, if Parameter X is exemplified herein to have value A and also exemplified to have value Z, it is envisioned that parameter X may have a range of values from about A to about Z. Similarly, it is envisioned that disclosure of two or more ranges of values for a parameter (whether such ranges are nested, overlapping or distinct) subsume all possible combination of ranges for the value that might be claimed using endpoints of the disclosed ranges. For example, if parameter X is exemplified herein to have values in the range of 1-10, or 2-9, or 3-8, it is also envisioned that Parameter X may have other ranges of values including 1-9, 1-8, 1-3, 1-2, 2-10, 2-8, 2-3, 3-10, and 3-9. 
     The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “including,” and “having,” are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order discussed or illustrated, unless specifically identified as an order of performance. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed. 
     When an element or layer is referred to as being “on,” “engaged to,” “connected to,” or “coupled to” another element or layer, it may be directly on, engaged, connected or coupled to the other element or layer, or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly engaged to,” “directly connected to,” or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there may be no intervening elements or layers present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (e.g., “between” versus “directly between,” “adjacent” versus “directly adjacent,” etc.). As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. 
     The term “about” when applied to values indicates that the calculation or the measurement allows some slight imprecision in the value (with some approach to exactness in the value; approximately or reasonably close to the value; nearly). If, for some reason, the imprecision provided by “about” is not otherwise understood in the art with this ordinary meaning, then “about” as used herein indicates at least variations that may arise from ordinary methods of measuring or using such parameters. For example, the terms “generally,” “about,” and “substantially,” may be used herein to mean within manufacturing tolerances. 
     Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as “first,” “second,” and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments. 
     Spatially relative terms, such as “inner,” “outer,” “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature&#39;s relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. Spatially relative terms may be intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the example term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. 
     The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure. Individual elements, intended or stated uses, or features of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but, where applicable, are interchangeable and can be used in a selected embodiment, even if not specifically shown or described. The same may also be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the disclosure, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.