Patent Publication Number: US-9402399-B2

Title: Pesticidal mixtures including isoxazoline derivatives

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION INFORMATION 
     This application is a 371 of International Application No. PCT/EP2012/060126, filed 30 May 2012, which claims the benefit of European Patent Application No. 11168218.3, filed 31 May 2011, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     The present invention relates to mixtures of pesticidally active ingredients and to methods of using the mixtures in the field of agriculture. 
     EP1731512 discloses that certain isoxazoline compounds have insecticidal activity. 
     The present invention provides pesticidal mixtures comprising a component A and a component B, wherein component A is a compound of formula I 
                         
wherein
 
L is a direct bond or methylene;
 
A 1  and A 2  are C—H, or one of A 1  and A 2  is C—H and the other is N;
 
R 1  is hydrogen, cyano, cyano-C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 1 -C 8 haloalkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl where one carbon atom is replaced by O, S, S(O) or SO 2 , or C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 8 alkyl where one carbon atom in the cycloalkyl group is replaced by O, S, S(O) or SO 2 , or C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 8 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 8 hydroxyalkyl, C 1 -C 8 alkoxy-C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 haloalkenyl, C 2 -C 8 alkynyl, C 2 -C 8 haloalkynyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted by one to three R 6 , phenyl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl, phenyl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl wherein the phenyl moiety is substituted by one to three R 6 , 5-6 membered heteroaryl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl wherein the heteroaryl moiety is substituted by one to three R 6 , or C 1 -C 4 alkyl-(C 1 -C 4 alkyl-O—N═)C—CH 2 —;
 
R 2  is chlorodifluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl;
 
each R 3  is independently bromo, chloro, fluoro or trifluoromethyl;
 
R 4  is hydrogen, halogen, methyl, halomethyl or cyano;
 
R 5  is hydrogen;
 
or R 4  and R 5  together form a bridging 1,3-butadiene group;
 
each R 6  is independently halogen, cyano, nitro, C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 1 -C 8 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 8 alkoxy, or C 1 -C 8 haloalkoxy;
 
p is 2 or 3;
 
and component B is a compound selected from
 
a) a pyrethroid including those selected from the group consisting of permethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, deltamethrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, fenpropathrin, cyfluthrin (including beta cyfluthrin), tefluthrin, ethofenprox, natural pyrethrin, tetramethrin, S-bioallethrin, fenfluthrin, prallethrin and 5-benzyl-3-furylmethyl-(E)-(1R,3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-oxothiolan-3-ylidenemethyl)cyclopropane carboxylate;
 
b) an organophosphate including those selected from the group consisting of sulprofos, acephate, methyl parathion, azinphos-methyl, demeton-s-methyl, heptenophos, thiometon, fenamiphos, monocrotophos, profenofos, triazophos, methamidophos, dimethoate, phosphamidon, malathion, chlorpyrifos, phosalone, terbufos, fensulfothion, fonofos, phorate, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl, pirimiphos-ethyl, fenitrothion, fosthiazate and diazinon;
 
c) a carbamate including those selected from the group consisting of pirimicarb, triazamate, cloethocarb, carbofuran, furathiocarb, ethiofencarb, aldicarb, thiofurox, carbosulfan, bendiocarb, fenobucarb, propoxur, methomyl, thiodicarb and oxamyl;
 
d) a benzoyl urea including those selected from the group consisting of diflubenzuron, triflumuron, hexaflumuron, flufenoxuron, lufenuron and chlorfluazuron;
 
e) an organic tin compound including those selected from the group consisting of cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide and azocyclotin;
 
f) a pyrazole including those selected from the group consisting of tebufenpyrad and fenpyroximate;
 
g) a macrolide including those selected from the group consisting of abamectin, emamectin (e.g. emamectin benzoate), ivermectin, milbemycin, spinosad, azadirachtin and spinetoram;
 
h) an organochlorine compound including those selected from the group consisting of endosulfan (in particular alpha-endosulfan), benzene hexachloride, DDT, chlordane and dieldrin;
 
i) an amidine including those selected from the group consisting of chlordimeform and amitraz;
 
j) a fumigant agent including those selected from the group consisting of chloropicrin, dichloropropane, methyl bromide and metam;
 
k) a neonicotinoid compound including those selected from the group consisting of imidacloprid, thiacloprid, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, nithiazine and flonicamid;
 
l) a diacylhydrazine including those selected from the group consisting of tebufenozide, chromafenozide and methoxyfenozide;
 
m) a diphenyl ether including those selected from the group consisting of diofenolan and pyriproxyfen;
 
n) indoxacarb;
 
o) chlorfenapyr;
 
p) pymetrozine;
 
q) spirotetramat, spirodiclofen and spiromesifen;
 
r) a diamide including those selected from the group consisting of flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr®) and cyantraniliprole;
 
s) sulfoxaflor;
 
t) metaflumizone;
 
u) fipronil and ethiprole;
 
v) pyrifluqinazon;
 
w) buprofezin;
 
x) diafenthiuron;
 
y) 4-[(6-Chloro-pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-(2,2-difluoro-ethyl)-amino]-5H-furan-2-one;
 
z)  Bacillus  species, and  Pasteuria  species;
 
aa) flupyradifurone;
 
ab) CAS: 915972-17-7 (WO 2006129714; WO2011/147953; WO2011/147952);
 
ac) CAS: 26914-55-8 (WO 2007020986);
 
ad) a compound selected from novaluron, noviflumuron, tolfenpyrad, pyriprole, milbemectin, lepimectin, metaflumizone, Essential oils such as Bugoil®—(PlantImpact), acequinocyl, bifenazate, cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen, etoxazole, flometoquin, fluacrypyrim, fluensulfone, flufenerim, flupyradifuone, harpin, iodomethane, dodecadienol, pyridaben, pyridalyl, pyrimidifen, flupyradifurone.
 
     In addition, component B may be a nematicidally active biological agent. The nematicidally active biological agent refers to any biological agent that has nematicidal activity. The biological agent can be any type known in the art including bacteria and fungi. The wording “nematicidally active” refers to having an effect on, such as reduction in damage caused by, agricultural-related nematodes. The nematicidally active biological agent can be a bacterium or a fungus. Preferably, the biological agent is a bacterium. Examples of nematicidally active bacteria include  Baciullus  species, e.g.  Bacillus firmus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis , and  Pasteuria  species such as  Pasteuria penetrans  and  Pasteuria nishizawae . A suitable  Bacillus firmus  strain is strain CNCM I-1582 which is commercially available as BioNem™. A suitable  Bacillus cereus  strain is strain CNCM I-1562. Of both  Bacillus  strains more details can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,406,690. Other biological organisms that may be included in the compositions of the invention are bacteria such as  Streptomyces  spp. such as  S. avermitilis , and fungi such as  Pochonia  spp. such as  P. chlamydosporia . Also of interest are  Metarhizium  spp. such as  M. anisopliae; Pochonia  spp. such as  P. chlamydosporia.    
     It has now been found, surprisingly, that the active ingredient mixture according to the invention not only delivers about the additive enhancement of the spectrum of action with respect to the pest to be controlled that was in principle to be expected but achieves a synergistic effect which can extend the range of action of the component A and of the component B in two ways. Firstly, the rates of application of the component A and of the component B are lowered whilst the action remains equally good. Secondly, the active ingredient mixture still achieves a high degree of pest control, sometimes even where the two individual components have become totally ineffective in such a low application rate range. This allows increased safety in use. 
     However, besides the actual synergistic action with respect to pest control, the pesticidal compositions according to the invention can have further surprising advantageous properties which can also be described, in a wider sense, as synergistic activity. Examples of such advantageous properties that may be mentioned are: a broadening of the spectrum of pest control to other pests, for example to resistant strains; a reduction in the rate of application of the active ingredients; adequate pest control with the aid of the compositions according to the invention, even at a rate of application at which the individual compounds are totally ineffective; advantageous behaviour during formulation and/or upon application, for example upon grinding, sieving, emulsifying, dissolving or dispensing; increased storage stability; improved stability to light; more advantageous degradability; improved toxicological and/or ecotoxicological behaviour; improved characteristics of the useful plants including: emergence, crop yields, more developed root system, tillering increase, increase in plant height, bigger leaf blade, less dead basal leaves, stronger tillers, greener leaf colour, less fertilizers needed, less seeds needed, more productive tillers, earlier flowering, early grain maturity, less plant verse (lodging), increased shoot growth, improved plant vigor, and early germination; or any other advantages familiar to a person skilled in the art. 
     The compounds of formula I have outstanding insecticidal properties as described in PCT/EP2010/068605. The components B are known, e.g. from “The Pesticide Manual”, Fifteenth Edition, Edited by Clive Tomlin, British Crop Protection Council. The compound under y) is known from DE 102006015467. Reference to the above components B includes reference to their salts and any usual derivatives, such as ester derivatives. 
     The combinations according to the invention may also comprise more than one of the active components B, if, for example, a broadening of the spectrum of pest control is desired. For instance, it may be advantageous in the agricultural practice to combine two or three components B with any of the compounds of formula I, or with any preferred member of the group of compounds of formula I. The mixtures of the invention may also comprise other active ingredients in addition to components A and B. In other embodiments the mixtures of the invention may include only components A and B as pesticidally active ingredients, e.g. no more than two pesticidally active ingredients. 
     Preferred substituents are, in any combination, as set out below. 
     A 1  and A 2  are preferably C—H. 
     R 1  is preferably hydrogen, cyano-C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl where one carbon atom in the cycloalkyl group is replaced by O, S, S(O) or SO 2 , or C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 8 alkyl where one carbon atom in the cycloalkyl group is replaced by O, S, S(O) or SO 2 , or C 1 -C 8 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 8 hydroxyalkyl, C 1 -C 8 hydroxyalkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 alkynyl, phenyl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl or phenyl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl wherein the phenyl moiety is substituted by one to three R 6 , 5-6 membered heteoaryl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl wherein the heteroaryl moiety is substituted by one to three R 6 ; more preferably R 1  is hydrogen, cyano-C 1 -C 8 alkyl-, C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl where one carbon atom in the cycloalkyl group is replaced by O, S, S(O) or SO 2 , or C 1 -C 8 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 8 hydroxyalkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 alkynyl, phenyl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl or phenyl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl wherein the phenyl moiety is substituted by one to three R 6 , 5-6 membered heteroaryl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl wherein the heteroaryl moiety is substituted by one to three R 6 ; even more preferably R 1  is hydrogen, cyano-C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl where one carbon atom in the cycloalkyl group is replaced by O, S, S(O) or SO 2 , or C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 hydroxyalkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy-C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, phenyl-CH 2 -alkyl or phenyl-CH 2 — wherein the phenyl moiety is substituted by one to three R 6 , furanyl or furanyl substituted by one to three R 6 , triazolyl or triazolyl optionally substituted by one to three R 6 ; yet even more preferably R 1  is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 hydroxyalkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 alkyl, phenyl-CH 2 -alkyl- or phenyl-CH 2 — wherein the phenyl moiety is substituted by one to three R 6 , furanyl or furanyl substituted by one to three R 6 , thietanyl, oxetanyl, oxo-thietanyl, or dioxo-thietanyl; yet even more preferably R 1  is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropyl-methyl, cyclobutyl, cyclobutyl-methyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, trifluoroethyl, difluoroethyl, allyl, propargyl, cyanomethyl, cyanoethyl, benzyl, benzyl substituted by one to three R 6 , or R 1  is pyridyl-methyl- or pyridyl-methyl-substituted by one to three R 6 ; yet even more preferably R 1  is methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, trifluoroethyl, difluoroethyl, allyl, propargyl, cyanomethyl, cyanoethyl, benzyl, benzyl substituted by one to three R 6 , or pyridine-methyl- or pyridine-methyl-substituted by one to three R 6 , even more preferably methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, trifluoroethyl, difluoroethyl, allyl, propargyl, cyanomethyl, cyanoethyl, benzyl, or pyridine-methyl-. Ethyl and trifluoroethyl are particularly preferred. Heteroaryl preferably refers to pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl or thiazolyl, more preferably pyridyl, pyrazolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl or thiazolyl, most preferably pyridyl. 
     R 2  is preferably trifluoromethyl. 
     Preferably each R 3  is independently chlorine or fluorine, most preferably chlorine. 
     R 4  is preferably chloro or methyl, most preferably methyl. 
     R 5  is preferably hydrogen. 
     Each R 6  is preferably independently halogen, cyano, C 1 -C 8 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 8 alkoxy or C 1 -C 8 haloalkoxy, most preferably fluoro, chloro, bromo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, cyano or methoxy. 
     p is preferably 2. 
     L is preferably a direct bond. 
     In one embodiment A 1  and A 2  are C—H; R 2  is trifluoromethyl, and R 5  is hydrogen. 
     In one embodiment A 1  and A 2  are C—H; R 2  is trifluoromethyl, R 4  is methyl, R 5  is hydrogen, each R 3  is chlorine, p is 2. 
     Compounds of formula I include at least one chiral centre and may exist as compounds of formula I* or compounds of formula I**. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Compounds of formula I** are more biologically active than compounds of formula I*. Component A may be a mixture of compounds I* and I** in any ratio e.g. in a molar ratio of 1:99 to 99:1, e.g. 10:1 to 1:10, e.g. a substantially 50:50 molar ratio. Preferably component A is a racemic mixture of the compounds of formula I** and I* or is enantiomerically enriched for the compound of formula I**. For example, when component A is an enantiomerically enriched mixture of formula I**, the molar proportion of compound I** compared to the total amount of both enantiomers (in component A and therefore the mixture of the invention per se) is for example greater than 50%, e.g. at least 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 96, 97, 98, or at least 99%. In one embodiment component A is a compound of formula I** in substantially pure form, e.g. it is provided substantially in the absence of the alternative enantiomer. 
     Preferred compounds of formula I are shown in the Tables below. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE A 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Compounds of formula (I-a) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 (I-a) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table A provides 354 compounds and mixtures of formula (I-a) wherein R 1  has the values listed in table X below. The symbols * and ** indicate the location of the chiral centres. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE B 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Compounds of formula (I-b) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 (I-b) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table B provides 354 compounds and mixtures of formula (I-b) wherein R 1  has the values listed in table X below. The symbols * and ** indicate the location of the chiral centres. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE C 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Compounds of formula (I-c) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 (I-c) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table C provides 354 compounds and mixtures of formula (I-c) wherein R 1  has the values listed in table X below. The symbols * and ** indicate the location of the chiral centres. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE D 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Compounds of formula (I-d) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 (I-d) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table D provides 354 compounds and mixtures of formula (I-d) wherein R 1  has the values listed in table X below. The symbols * and ** indicate the location of the chiral centres. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE E 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Compounds of formula (I-e) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 (I-e) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table E provides 354 compounds and mixtures of formula (I-e) wherein R 1  has the values listed in table X below. The symbols * and ** indicate the location of the chiral centres. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE F 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Compounds of formula (I-f) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 (I-f) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table F provides 354 compounds and mixtures of formula (I-f) wherein R 1  has the values listed in table X below. The symbols * and ** indicate the location of the chiral centres. 
     Table X represents Table A when X is A, Table B when X is B, Table C when X is C, Table D when X is D, Table E when X is E, Table F when X is F. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Compound 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 numbers 
                 Stereochemistry at * 
                 Stereochemistry at ** 
                 R 1   
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 X.1 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.2 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 butyl- 
               
               
                 X.3 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 but-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.4 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 3-bromo-propyl- 
               
               
                 X.5 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.6 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl- 
               
               
                 X.7 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-methoxy-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.8 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 1-methoxy-prop-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.9 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 cyclobutyl- 
               
               
                 X.10 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-methyl-cyclohex-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.11 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 phenyl-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.12 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 1-phenyl-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.13 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-phenyl-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.14 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (3-chloro-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.15 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (2-fluoro-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.16 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (4-methoxy-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.17 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.18 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (2-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.19 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (pyrid-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.20 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (pyrid-3-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.21 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (2-chloro-pyrid-5-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.22 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.23 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (furan-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.24 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-(thiophen-2′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.25 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-(indol-3′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.26 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.27 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (oxetan-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.28 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.29 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-([1′,3′]dioxolan-2′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.30 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-(morpholin-4′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.31 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-(benzo[1′,3′]dioxol-5′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.32 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.33 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-chloro-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.34 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 3-fluoro-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.35 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-methyl-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.36 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-chloro-6-methyl-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.37 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.38 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.39 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 3-methyl-pyrid-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.40 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl- 
               
               
                 X.41 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 4-methyl-thiazol-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.42 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 5-methyl-thiadiazol-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.43 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 quinolin-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.44 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 quinolin-5-yl- 
               
               
                 X.45 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 benzothiazol-6-yl- 
               
               
                 X.46 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 4-methyl-benzothiazol-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.47 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.48 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 1-oxo-thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.49 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 1,1-dioxo-thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.50 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 3-methyl-thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.51 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 oxetan-3yl 
               
               
                 X.52 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 tetrahydropyran-4-yl 
               
               
                 X.53 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 hydrogen 
               
               
                 X.54 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 methyl 
               
               
                 X.55 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 propyl 
               
               
                 X.56 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2,2-difluoro-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.57 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-fluoro-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.58 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.59 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 butyl- 
               
               
                 X.60 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 but-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.61 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 3-bromo-propyl- 
               
               
                 X.62 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.63 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl- 
               
               
                 X.64 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-methoxy-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.65 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 1-methoxy-prop-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.66 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 cyclobutyl- 
               
               
                 X.67 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-methyl-cyclohex-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.68 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 phenyl-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.69 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 1-phenyl-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.70 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-phenyl-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.71 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (3-chloro-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.72 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (2-fluoro-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.73 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (4-methoxy-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.74 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.75 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (2-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.76 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (pyrid-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.77 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (pyrid-3-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.78 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (2-chloro-pyrid-5-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.79 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.80 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (furan-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.81 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-(thiophen-2′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.82 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-(indol-3′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.83 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.84 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (oxetan-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.85 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.86 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-([1′,3′]dioxolan-2′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.87 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-(morpholin-4′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.88 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-(benzo[1′,3′]dioxol-5′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.89 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 (2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.90 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-chloro-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.91 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 3-fluoro-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.92 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-methyl-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.93 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-chloro-6-methyl-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.94 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.95 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.96 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 3-methyl-pyrid-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.97 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl- 
               
               
                 X.98 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 4-methyl-thiazol-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.99 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 5-methyl-thiadiazol-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.100 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 quinolin-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.101 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 quinolin-5-yl- 
               
               
                 X.102 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 benzothiazol-6-yl- 
               
               
                 X.103 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 4-methyl-benzothiazol-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.104 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.105 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 1-oxo-thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.106 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 1,1-dioxo-thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.107 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 3-methyl-thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.108 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 oxetan-3yl 
               
               
                 X.109 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 tetrahydropyran-4-yl 
               
               
                 X.110 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 hydrogen 
               
               
                 X.111 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 methyl 
               
               
                 X.112 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 propyl 
               
               
                 X.113 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2,2-difluoro-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.114 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 2-fluoro-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.115 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 isopropyl 
               
               
                 X.116 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 cyclopropyl 
               
               
                 X.117 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 isopropyl 
               
               
                 X.118 
                 S 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 cyclopropyl 
               
               
                 X.119 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.120 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 butyl- 
               
               
                 X.121 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 but-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.122 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 3-bromo-propyl- 
               
               
                 X.123 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.124 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl- 
               
               
                 X.125 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 2-methoxy-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.126 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 1-methoxy-prop-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.127 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 cyclobutyl- 
               
               
                 X.128 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 2-methyl-cyclohex-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.129 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 phenyl-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.130 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 1-phenyl-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.131 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 2-phenyl-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.132 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 (3-chloro-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.133 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 (2-fluoro-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.134 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 (4-methoxy-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.135 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 (2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.136 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 (2-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.137 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 (pyrid-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.138 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 (pyrid-3-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.139 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 (2-chloro-pyrid-5-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.140 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.141 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 (furan-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.142 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 2-(thiophen-2′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.143 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 2-(indol-3′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.144 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.145 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 (oxetan-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.146 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 (tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.147 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 2-([1′,3′]dioxolan-2′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.148 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 2-(morpholin-4′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.149 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 2-(benzo[1′,3′]dioxol-5′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.150 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 (2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.151 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 2-chloro-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.152 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 3-fluoro-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.153 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 2-methyl-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.154 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 2-chloro-6-methyl-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.155 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.156 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.157 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 3-methyl-pyrid-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.158 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl- 
               
               
                 X.159 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 4-methyl-thiazol-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.160 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 5-methyl-thiadiazol-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.161 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 quinolin-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.162 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 quinolin-5-yl- 
               
               
                 X.163 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 benzothiazol-6-yl- 
               
               
                 X.164 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 4-methyl-benzothiazol-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.165 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.166 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 1-oxo-thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.167 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 1,1-dioxo-thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.168 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 3-methyl-thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.169 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 oxetan-3yl 
               
               
                 X.170 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 tetrahydropyran-4-yl 
               
               
                 X.171 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 hydrogen 
               
               
                 X.172 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 methyl 
               
               
                 X.173 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 propyl 
               
               
                 X.174 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 2,2-difluoro-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.175 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 2-fluoro-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.176 
                 S 
                 S 
                 ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.177 
                 S 
                 S 
                 butyl- 
               
               
                 X.178 
                 S 
                 S 
                 but-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.179 
                 S 
                 S 
                 3-bromo-propyl- 
               
               
                 X.180 
                 S 
                 S 
                 2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.181 
                 S 
                 S 
                 3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl- 
               
               
                 X.182 
                 S 
                 S 
                 2-methoxy-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.183 
                 S 
                 S 
                 1-methoxy-prop-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.184 
                 S 
                 S 
                 cyclobutyl- 
               
               
                 X.185 
                 S 
                 S 
                 2-methyl-cyclohex-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.186 
                 S 
                 S 
                 phenyl-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.187 
                 S 
                 S 
                 1-phenyl-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.188 
                 S 
                 S 
                 2-phenyl-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.189 
                 S 
                 S 
                 (3-chloro-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.190 
                 S 
                 S 
                 (2-fluoro-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.191 
                 S 
                 S 
                 (4-methoxy-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.192 
                 S 
                 S 
                 (2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.193 
                 S 
                 S 
                 (2-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.194 
                 S 
                 S 
                 (pyrid-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.195 
                 S 
                 S 
                 (pyrid-3-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.196 
                 S 
                 S 
                 (2-chloro-pyrid-5-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.197 
                 S 
                 S 
                 (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.198 
                 S 
                 S 
                 (furan-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.199 
                 S 
                 S 
                 2-(thiophen-2′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.200 
                 S 
                 S 
                 2-(indol-3′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.201 
                 S 
                 S 
                 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.202 
                 S 
                 S 
                 (oxetan-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.203 
                 S 
                 S 
                 (tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.204 
                 S 
                 S 
                 2-([1′,3′]dioxolan-2′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.205 
                 S 
                 S 
                 2-(morpholin-4′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.206 
                 S 
                 S 
                 2-(benzo[1′,3′]dioxol-5′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.207 
                 S 
                 S 
                 (2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.208 
                 S 
                 S 
                 2-chloro-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.209 
                 S 
                 S 
                 3-fluoro-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.210 
                 S 
                 S 
                 2-methyl-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.211 
                 S 
                 S 
                 2-chloro-6-methyl-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.212 
                 S 
                 S 
                 2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.213 
                 S 
                 S 
                 2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.214 
                 S 
                 S 
                 3-methyl-pyrid-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.215 
                 S 
                 S 
                 1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl- 
               
               
                 X.216 
                 S 
                 S 
                 4-methyl-thiazol-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.217 
                 S 
                 S 
                 5-methyl-thiadiazol-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.218 
                 S 
                 S 
                 quinolin-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.219 
                 S 
                 S 
                 quinolin-5-yl- 
               
               
                 X.220 
                 S 
                 S 
                 benzothiazol-6-yl- 
               
               
                 X.221 
                 S 
                 S 
                 4-methyl-benzothiazol-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.222 
                 S 
                 S 
                 thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.223 
                 S 
                 S 
                 1-oxo-thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.224 
                 S 
                 S 
                 1,1-dioxo-thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.225 
                 S 
                 S 
                 3-methyl-thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.226 
                 S 
                 S 
                 oxetan-3yl 
               
               
                 X.227 
                 S 
                 S 
                 tetrahydropyran-4-yl 
               
               
                 X.228 
                 S 
                 S 
                 hydrogen 
               
               
                 X.229 
                 S 
                 S 
                 methyl 
               
               
                 X.230 
                 S 
                 S 
                 propyl 
               
               
                 X.231 
                 S 
                 S 
                 2,2-difluoro-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.232 
                 S 
                 S 
                 2-fluoro-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.233 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 isopropyl 
               
               
                 X.234 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 S 
                 cyclopropyl 
               
               
                 X.235 
                 S 
                 S 
                 isopropyl 
               
               
                 X.236 
                 S 
                 S 
                 cyclopropyl 
               
               
                 X.237 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.238 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 butyl- 
               
               
                 X.239 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 but-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.240 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 3-bromo-propyl- 
               
               
                 X.241 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.242 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl- 
               
               
                 X.243 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 2-methoxy-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.244 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 1-methoxy-prop-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.245 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 cyclobutyl- 
               
               
                 X.246 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 2-methyl-cyclohex-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.247 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 phenyl-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.248 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 1-phenyl-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.249 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 2-phenyl-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.250 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 (3-chloro-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.251 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 (2-fluoro-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.252 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 (4-methoxy-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.253 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 (2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.254 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 (2-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.255 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 (pyrid-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.256 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 (pyrid-3-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.257 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 (2-chloro-pyrid-5-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.258 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.259 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 (furan-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.260 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 2-(thiophen-2′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.261 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 2-(indol-3′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.262 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.263 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 (oxetan-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.264 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 (tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.265 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 2-([1′,3′]dioxolan-2′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.266 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 2-(morpholin-4′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.267 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 2-(benzo[1′,3′]dioxol-5′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.268 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 (2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.269 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 2-chloro-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.270 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 3-fluoro-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.271 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 2-methyl-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.272 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 2-chloro-6-methyl-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.273 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.274 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.275 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 3-methyl-pyrid-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.276 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl- 
               
               
                 X.277 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 4-methyl-thiazol-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.278 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 5-methyl-thiadiazol-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.279 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 quinolin-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.280 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 quinolin-5-yl- 
               
               
                 X.281 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 benzothiazol-6-yl- 
               
               
                 X.282 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 4-methyl-benzothiazol-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.283 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.284 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 1-oxo-thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.285 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 1,1-dioxo-thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.286 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 3-methyl-thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.287 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 oxetan-3yl 
               
               
                 X.288 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 tetrahydropyran-4-yl 
               
               
                 X.289 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 hydrogen 
               
               
                 X.290 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 methyl 
               
               
                 X.291 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 propyl 
               
               
                 X.292 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 2,2-difluoro-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.293 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 2-fluoro-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.294 
                 S 
                 R 
                 ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.295 
                 S 
                 R 
                 butyl- 
               
               
                 X.296 
                 S 
                 R 
                 but-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.297 
                 S 
                 R 
                 3-bromo-propyl- 
               
               
                 X.298 
                 S 
                 R 
                 2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.299 
                 S 
                 R 
                 3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl- 
               
               
                 X.300 
                 S 
                 R 
                 2-methoxy-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.301 
                 S 
                 R 
                 1-methoxy-prop-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.302 
                 S 
                 R 
                 cyclobutyl- 
               
               
                 X.303 
                 S 
                 R 
                 2-methyl-cyclohex-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.304 
                 S 
                 R 
                 phenyl-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.305 
                 S 
                 R 
                 1-phenyl-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.306 
                 S 
                 R 
                 2-phenyl-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.307 
                 S 
                 R 
                 (3-chloro-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.308 
                 S 
                 R 
                 (2-fluoro-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.309 
                 S 
                 R 
                 (4-methoxy-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.310 
                 S 
                 R 
                 (2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.311 
                 S 
                 R 
                 (2-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.312 
                 S 
                 R 
                 (pyrid-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.313 
                 S 
                 R 
                 (pyrid-3-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.314 
                 S 
                 R 
                 (2-chloro-pyrid-5-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.315 
                 S 
                 R 
                 (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.316 
                 S 
                 R 
                 (furan-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.317 
                 S 
                 R 
                 2-(thiophen-2′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.318 
                 S 
                 R 
                 2-(indol-3′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.319 
                 S 
                 R 
                 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.320 
                 S 
                 R 
                 (oxetan-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.321 
                 S 
                 R 
                 (tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.322 
                 S 
                 R 
                 2-([1′,3′]dioxolan-2′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.323 
                 S 
                 R 
                 2-(morpholin-4′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.324 
                 S 
                 R 
                 2-(benzo[1′,3′]dioxol-5′-yl)-eth-1-yl- 
               
               
                 X.325 
                 S 
                 R 
                 (2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-methyl- 
               
               
                 X.326 
                 S 
                 R 
                 2-chloro-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.327 
                 S 
                 R 
                 3-fluoro-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.328 
                 S 
                 R 
                 2-methyl-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.329 
                 S 
                 R 
                 2-chloro-6-methyl-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.330 
                 S 
                 R 
                 2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.331 
                 S 
                 R 
                 2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl- 
               
               
                 X.332 
                 S 
                 R 
                 3-methyl-pyrid-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.333 
                 S 
                 R 
                 1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl- 
               
               
                 X.334 
                 S 
                 R 
                 4-methyl-thiazol-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.335 
                 S 
                 R 
                 5-methyl-thiadiazol-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.336 
                 S 
                 R 
                 quinolin-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.337 
                 S 
                 R 
                 quinolin-5-yl- 
               
               
                 X.338 
                 S 
                 R 
                 benzothiazol-6-yl- 
               
               
                 X.339 
                 S 
                 R 
                 4-methyl-benzothiazol-2-yl- 
               
               
                 X.340 
                 S 
                 R 
                 thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.341 
                 S 
                 R 
                 1-oxo-thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.342 
                 S 
                 R 
                 1,1-dioxo-thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.343 
                 S 
                 R 
                 3-methyl-thietan-3-yl- 
               
               
                 X.344 
                 S 
                 R 
                 oxetan-3yl 
               
               
                 X.345 
                 S 
                 R 
                 tetrahydropyran-4-yl 
               
               
                 X.346 
                 S 
                 R 
                 hydrogen 
               
               
                 X.347 
                 S 
                 R 
                 methyl 
               
               
                 X.348 
                 S 
                 R 
                 propyl 
               
               
                 X.349 
                 S 
                 R 
                 2,2-difluoro-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.350 
                 S 
                 R 
                 2-fluoro-ethyl- 
               
               
                 X.351 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 isopropyl 
               
               
                 X.352 
                 Racemic mixture 
                 R 
                 cyclopropyl 
               
               
                 X.353 
                 S 
                 R 
                 isopropyl 
               
               
                 X.354 
                 S 
                 R 
                 cyclopropyl 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The present invention includes all isomers of compounds of formula (I), salts and N-oxides thereof, including enantiomers, diastereomers and tautomers. Component A may be a mixture of any type of isomer of a compound of formula I, or may be substantially a single type of isomer. 
     In one embodiment of the invention component B is a compound selected from 
     pymetrozine and flonicamid; 
     an organophosphate selected from the group consisting of sulprofos, acephate, methyl parathion, azinphos-methyl, demeton-s-methyl, heptenophos, thiometon, fenamiphos, monocrotophos, profenofos, triazophos, methamidophos, dimethoate, phosphamidon, malathion, chlorpyrifos, phosalone, terbufos, fensulfothion, fonofos, phorate, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl, pirimiphos-ethyl, fenitrothion, fosthiazate and diazinon; 
     a pyrethroid selected from the group consisting of permethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, deltamethrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, fenpropathrin, cyfluthrin, tefluthrin, ethofenprox, natural pyrethrin, tetramethrin, S-bioallethrin, fenfluthrin, prallethrin and 5-benzyl-3-furylmethyl-(E)-(1R,3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-oxothiolan-3-ylidenemethyl)cyclopropane carboxylate; 
     a macrolide selected from the group consisting of abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, milbemycin, spinosad, azadirachtin and spinetoram; 
     a diamide selected from the group consisting of flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr®) and cyantraniliprole; 
     a neonicotinoid compound selected from the group consisting of imidacloprid, thiacloprid, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, nithiazine and flonicamid; 
     spirotetramat, spirodiclofen and spiromesifen; and 
     sulfoxaflor, lufeneron, diafenthiuron, and fipronil. 
     In one embodiment component B is a compound selected from the group consisting of abamectin, chlorpyrifos, cyantraniliprole, emamectin, lambda cyhalothrin, pymetrozine, spirotetramat, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidacloprid, chlorantraniliprole, flonicamid, sulfoxaflor, lufeneron, diafenthiuron, flubendiamide, tefluthrin, diafenthiuron and fipronil. 
     In one embodiment component B is a compound selected from the group consisting of abamectin, chlorpyrifos, cyantraniliprole, emamectin, lambda cyhalothrin, pymetrozine, spirotetramat, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidacloprid, diafenthiuron and flonicamid. 
     In one embodiment component B is a compound selected from the group consisting of abamectin, chlorpyrifos, cyantraniliprole, emamectin, lambda cyhalothrin, diafenthiuron, pymetrozine, spirotetramat, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole. 
     In one embodiment component B is a compound selected from the group consisting of abamectin, chlorpyrifos, cyantraniliprole, emamectin, lambda cyhalothrin, diafenthiuron, pymetrozine, spirotetramat, and thiamethoxam. 
     In one embodiment component B is a compound selected from the group consisting of 
     a pyrethroid including those selected from the group consisting of permethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, deltamethrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, fenpropathrin, cyfluthrin (including beta cyfluthrin), tefluthrin, ethofenprox, natural pyrethrin, tetramethrin, S-bioallethrin, fenfluthrin, prallethrin and 5-benzyl-3-furylmethyl-(E)-(1R,3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-oxothiolan-3-ylidenemethyl)cyclopropane carboxylate; 
     a neonicotinoid compound including those selected from the group consisting of imidacloprid, thiacloprid, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, nithiazine and flonicamid; 
     and diafenthiuron. 
     In one embodiment component B is a compound selected from the group consisting of thiamethoxam, lambda cyhalothrin and diafenthiuron, preferably thiamethoxam and lambda cychalothrin. 
     In one embodiment, and of particular interest for seed care, component B is a compound selected from tefluthrin, abamectin, spinosad, spinetoram, chlorpyrifos, thiodicarb, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole,  Bacillus firmus, Bacillus subtilis, Pasteuria  spp. (e.g.  P. penetrans, P. nishizawae ), imidacloprid, thiacloprid, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, nithiazine, flonicamid, fipronil, pyrifluquinazone, pymetrozine, sulfoxaflor and spirotetramat. 
     The invention also includes the following combinations: 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+abamectin. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+chlorpyrifos. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+cyantraniliprole. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+emamectin. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+cyhalothrin. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+lambda cyhalothrin. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+gamma cyhalothrin. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+pymetrozine. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+spirotetramat. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+thiamethoxam. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+chlorantraniliprole. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+profenofos. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+acephate. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+azinphos-methyl. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+methamidophos. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+spinosad. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+spinetoram. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+flonicamid. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+indoxacarb. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+spirodiclofen. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+spiromesifen. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+sulfoxaflor. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+fipronil. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+imidacloprid. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+thiacloprid. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+acetamiprid. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+nitenpyram. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+dinotefuran. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+clothianidin. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+nithiazine. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+pyriproxyfen. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+buprofezin. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+pyrifluqinazon. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+thiamethoxam and cyantraniliprole. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+sulfoxaflor. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+lufeneron. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+diafenthiuron. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+flubendiamide. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+tefluthrin. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+fipronil. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+thiodicarb. 
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+ Bacillus firmus.    
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+ Bacillus subtilis.    
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+ P. penetrans.    
     A mixture of a compound of formula I selected from Tables A, B, C, D, E and F+ P. nishizawae.    
     In one embodiment the ratio of the compound of formula I to abamectin by weight in the composition may be 1:0.05 to 1:1. Examples of ratios falling within this range include 1:0.1, 1:0.2, 1:0.3, 1:0.4, 1:0.5, 1:0.6, 1:0.7, 1:0.8, 1:0.9. Where used for soil application the ratio of compound of formula I to abamectin may be up to 1:1.3. 
     In one embodiment the ratio of the compound of formula I to chlorpyrifos by weight in the composition may be 1:1 to 1:10. Examples of ratios falling within this range include 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9. 
     In one embodiment the ratio of the compound of formula I to cyantraniliprole by weight in the composition may be 1:0.2 to 1:4. Examples of ratios falling within this range include 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3, 1:3.5. 
     In one embodiment the ratio of the compound of formula I to emamectin by weight in the composition may be 1:0.05 to 1:1. Examples of ratios falling within this range include 1:0.1, 1:0.2, 1:0.3, 1:0.4, 1:0.5, 1:0.6, 1:0.7, 1:0.8, 1:0.9. 
     In one embodiment the ratio of the compound of formula I to lambda cyhalothrin by weight in the composition may be 1:0.1 to 1:2. Examples of rates falling within this range include 1:0.2, 1:0.4, 1:0.6, 1:0.8, 1:1, 1:1.2, 1:1.4, 1:1.6, 1:1.8. In another embodiment the ratio of the compound of formula I to lambda cyhalothrin is at least 1:1000, at least 1:500, at least 1:100. For example that ratio of the compound of formula I to lamda cyhalothrin is e.g. 1:250 to 250:1, e.g. 1:250 to 10:1 to e.g. 1:250 to 1:1. 
     In one embodiment the ratio of the compound of formula I to pymetrozine by weight in the composition may be 1:1 to 1:6. Examples of rates falling within this range include 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5. Where used for soil application the ratio of compound of formula I to pymetrozine may be up to 1:10, additional examples include 1:7, 1:8, 1:9. 
     In one embodiment the ratio of the compound of formula I to spirotetramat by weight in the composition may be 1:0.5 to 1:4. Examples of ratios falling within this range include 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3, 1:3.5. 
     In one embodiment the ratio of the compound of formula I to thiamethoxam by weight in the composition may be 1:0.5 to 1:6. Examples of ratios falling within this range include 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5. In another embodiment the ratio of the compound of formula I to thiamethoxam by weight in the composition may be at least 1:4000, at least 1:1000, at least 1:100. For example the ratio of the compound of formula I to thiamxthoxam is e.g. 1:250 to 250:1, e.g. 1:250 to 10:1 to e.g. 1:250 to 1:1. 
     In one embodiment the ratio of the compound of formula I to clothianidin by weight in the composition may be 1:0.5 to 1:6. Examples of ratios falling within this range include 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5. 
     In one embodiment the ratio of the compound of formula I to imidacloprid by weight in the composition may be 1:0.5 to 1:6. Examples of ratios falling within this range include 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5. 
     In one embodiment the ratio of the compound of formula I to chlorantraniliprole by weight in the composition may be 1:0.2 to 1:4. Examples of ratios falling within this range include 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3, 1:3.5. 
     In one embodiment the ratio of the compound of formula I to sulfoxaflor by weight in the composition may be 1:0.5 to 1:6. Examples of ratios falling within this range include 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5. 
     In one embodiment the ratio of the compound of formula I to diafenthiuron by weight in the composition may be 1:1.5 to 1:80, e.g. 1:0.5 to 1:6. Examples of ratios falling within this range include 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5. In another embodiment the ratio of the compound of formula I to diafenthiuron by weight in the composition may be at least 1:500, at least 1:250, at least 1:100. For example that ratio of the compound of formula I to diafenthiuron is e.g. 1:250 to 250:1, e.g. 1:250 to 10:1 to e.g. 1:250 to 1:1. 
     The compounds of the invention may be made by a variety of methods as shown in Schemes 1 to 3. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     1) Compounds of formula (I), can be prepared by reacting a compound of formula (II) wherein R is OH, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy or Cl, F or Br, with an amine of formula (III) as shown in Scheme 1. When R is OH such reactions are usually carried out in the presence of a coupling reagent, such as N,N′-dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide (“DCC”), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (“EDC”) or bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)phosphonic chloride (“BOP-Cl”), in the presence of a base, and optionally in the presence of a nucleophilic catalyst, such as hydroxybenzotriazole (“HOBT”). When R is Cl, such reactions are usually carried out in the presence of a base, and optionally in the presence of a nucleophilic catalyst. Alternatively, it is possible to conduct the reaction in a biphasic system comprising an organic solvent, preferably ethyl acetate, and an aqueous solvent, preferably a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate. When R is C 1 -C 6 alkoxy it is sometimes possible to convert the ester directly to the amide by heating the ester and amine together in a thermal process. Suitable bases include pyridine, triethylamine, 4-(dimethylamino)-pyridine (“DMAP”) or diisopropylethylamine (Hunig&#39;s base). Preferred solvents are N,N-dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, ethyl acetate and toluene. The reaction is carried out at a temperature of from 0° C. to 100° C., preferably from 15° C. to 30° C., in particular at ambient temperature Amines of formula (III) are either known in the literature or can be prepared using methods known to a person skilled in the art. 
     2) Acid halides of formula (II), wherein R is Cl, F or Br, may be made from carboxylic acids of formula (II), wherein R is OH, under standard conditions, as described for example in WO2009/080250. 
     3) Carboxylic acids of formula (II), wherein R is OH, may be formed from esters of formula (II), wherein R is C 1 -C 6 alkoxy as described for example in WO2009/080250. 
     4) Compounds of formula (I) can be prepared by reacting a compound of formula (IV) wherein X B  is a leaving group, for example a halogen, such as bromo, with carbon monoxide and an amine of formula (III), in the presence of a catalyst, such as palladium(II) acetate or bis-(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, optionally in the presence of a ligand, such as triphenylphosphine, and a base, such as sodium carbonate, pyridine, triethylamine, 4-(dimethylamino)-pyridine (“DMAP”) or diisopropylethylamine (Hunig&#39;s base), in a solvent, such as water, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran. The reaction is carried out at a temperature of from 50° C. to 200° C., preferably from 100° C. to 150° C. The reaction is carried out at a pressure of from 50 to 200 bar, preferably from 100 to 150 bar. 
     5) Compounds of formula (IV) wherein X B  is a leaving group, for example a halogen, such as bromo, can be made by a various of methods, for example as described in WO2009/080250. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     6) Alternatively, compounds of formula (I), can be prepared by various methods from an intermediate of formula (V) as shown in Scheme 2 wherein X B  is a leaving group, for example a halogen, such as bromo, or X B  is cyano, formyl or acetyl according to similar methods to those described in WO09080250. An intermediate of formula (V) can be prepared for example from an intermediate of formula (VI) as described in the same reference. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     7) Alternatively, compounds of formula (I) can be prepared by various methods from an intermediate of formula (VII) as shown in Scheme 3 wherein X C  is X C -1 or X C -2 
                         
according to similar methods to those described in WO2009/080250.
 
     8) Compounds of formula (VII) wherein X C  is X C  is X C -1 or X C -2 can be prepared from a compound of formula (Va) from a compound of formula (VII) wherein X C  is CH 2 -halogen using similar methods to those described in WO2009/080250. 
     9) Compounds of formula (VII) wherein X C  is CH 2 -halogen, such as bromo or chloro, can be prepared by reacting a methyl ketone of formula (Va) with a halogenating agent, such as bromine or chlorine, in a solvent, such as acetic acid, at a temperature of from 0° C. to 50° C., preferably from ambient temperature to 40° C. 
     Other methods for the preparation of compounds of formula I are described in PCT/EP2010/068605, which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     The present invention also relates to a method of controlling insects, acarines, nematodes or molluscs which comprises applying to a pest, to a locus of a pest, or to a plant susceptible to attack by a pest a combination of components A and B; seeds comprising a mixture of components A and B; and a method comprising coating a seed with a mixture of components A and B. 
     Components A and B may be provided and/or used in amounts such that they are capable of synergistic pest control. For example, the present invention includes pesticidal mixtures comprising a component A and a component B in a synergistically effective amount; agricultural compositions comprising a mixture of component A and B in a synergistically effective amount; the use of a mixture of component A and B in a synergistically effective amount for combating animal pests; a method of combating animal pests which comprises contacting the animal pests, their habit, breeding ground, food supply, plant, seed, soil, area, material or environment in which the animal pests are growing or may grow, or the materials, plants, seeds, soils, surfaces or spaces to be protected from animal attack or infestation with a mixture of component A and B in a synergistically effective amount; a method for protecting crops from attack or infestation by animal pests which comprises contacting a crop with a mixture of component A and B in a synergistically effective amount; a method for the protection of seeds from soil insects and of the seedlings&#39; roots and shoots from soil and foliar insects comprising contacting the seeds before sowing and/or after pre-germination with a mixture of component A and B in a synergistically effective amount; seeds comprising, e.g. coated with, a mixture of component A and B in a synergistically effective amount; a method comprising coating a seed with a mixture of component A and B in a synergistically effective amount; a method of controlling insects, acarines, nematodes or molluscs which comprises applying to a pest, to a locus of a pest, or to a plant susceptible to attack by a pest a combination of components A and B in a synergistically effective amount. Mixtures of A and B will normally be applied in an insecticidally, acaricidally, nematicidally or molluscicidally effective amount. In application components A and B may be applied simultaneously or separately. 
     According to the invention “useful plants” typically comprise the following species of plants: grape vines; cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye or oats; beet, such as sugar beet or fodder beet; fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, for example apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries or blackberries; leguminous plants, such as beans, lentils, peas or soybeans; oil plants, such as rape, mustard, poppy, olives, sunflowers, coconut, castor oil plants, cocoa beans or groundnuts; cucumber plants, such as marrows, cucumbers or melons; fibre plants, such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit or mandarins; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbits or paprika; lauraceae, such as avocados, cinnamon or camphor; maize; tobacco; nuts; coffee; sugar cane; tea; vines; hops; durian; bananas; natural rubber plants; turf or ornamentals, such as flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees or evergreens, for example conifers. This list does not represent any limitation. It may be noted that compound of formula I may also be used for controlling insect, acaricide, mollusc and/or nematode pests on turf in the absence of mixing partners. 
     The term “useful plants” is to be understood as including also useful plants that have been rendered tolerant to herbicides like bromoxynil or classes of herbicides (such as, for example, HPPD inhibitors, ALS inhibitors, for example primisulfuron, prosulfuron and trifloxysulfuron, EPSPS (5-enol-pyrovyl-shikimate-3-phosphate-synthase) inhibitors, GS (glutamine synthetase) inhibitors) as a result of conventional methods of breeding or genetic engineering. An example of a crop that has been rendered tolerant to imidazolinones, e.g. imazamox, by conventional methods of breeding (mutagenesis) is Clearfield® summer rape (Canola). Examples of crops that have been rendered tolerant to herbicides or classes of herbicides by genetic engineering methods include glyphosate- and glufosinate-resistant maize varieties commercially available under the trade names RoundupReady®, Herculex I® and LibertyLink®. 
     The term “useful plants” is to be understood as including also useful plants which have been so transformed by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of synthesising one or more selectively acting toxins, such as are known, for example, from toxin-producing bacteria, especially those of the genus  Bacillus.    
     Compounds of formula I and mixtures of the invention may be used on transgenic plants (including cultivars) obtained by genetic engineering methods and/or by conventional methods. These are understood as meaning plants having novel properties (“traits”) which have been obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. Depending on the plant species or plant cultivars, their location and growth conditions (soils, climate, vegetation period, diet), the treatment according to the invention may also result in superadditive “synergistic”) effects. 
     Thus, for example, reduced application rates and/or a widening of the activity spectrum and/or an increase in the activity of the substances and compositions which can be used according to the invention, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, higher quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storage stability and/or processability of the harvested products are possible, which exceed the effects which were actually to be expected. Such synergistic effects with the transgenic crop can be obtained when applied for control of soil pests (e.g. seed care or in-furrow treatments) as well as after emergence, in particular for corn and soybean. 
     Use of the compounds of formula I and the mixtures of the invention can also be applied as a seed care treatment with transgenic crops in resistance management strategies for the trait (particularly insecticidal traits), e.g. including in corn and soybean. 
     The preferred transgenic plants or plant cultivars which are to be treated according to the invention include all plants which, by virtue of the genetic modification, received genetic material which imparts particularly advantageous, useful traits to these plants. Examples of such traits are better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, higher quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storage stability and/or processability of the harvested products. 
     Further and particularly emphasized examples of such traits are a better defence of the plants against animal and microbial pests, such as against insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and/or viruses, and also increased tolerance of the plants to certain herbicidally active compounds. 
     Examples of transgenic plants which may be mentioned are the important crop plants, such as cereals (wheat, rice), maize, soybean, potatoes, sugar beet, tomatoes, peas and other vegetable varieties, cotton, tobacco, oilseed rape and also fruit plants (with the fruits apples, pears, citrus fruits and grapes). 
     Compounds of formula I and mixtures of the invention may be used on transgenic plants that are capable of producing one or more pesticidal proteins which confer upon the transgenic plant tolerance or resistance to harmful pests, e.g. insect pests, nematode pests and the like. Such pesticidal proteins include, without limitation, Cry proteins from  Bacillus thuringiensis  Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry2Ab, Cry2Ae, Cry3A, Cry3Bb, or Cry9C; engineered proteins such as modified Cry3A (U.S. Pat. No. 7,030,295) or Cry1A.105; or vegetative insecticidal proteins such as Vip1, Vip2 or Vip3. A full list of Bt Cry proteins and VIPs useful in the invention can be found on the worldwide web at  Bacillus thuringiensis  Toxin Nomenclature Database maintained by the University of Sussex (see also, Crickmore et al. (1998)  Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.  62:807-813). Other pesticidal proteins useful in the invention include proteins of bacteria colonizing nematodes, e.g.  Photorhabdus  spp. or  Xenorhabdus  spp.; toxins produced by animals, such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins, or other insect-specific neurotoxins; toxins produced by fungi, such  Streptomycetes  toxins, plant lectins, such as pea or barley lectins; agglutinins; proteinase inhibitors, such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin or papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP), such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or bryodin; steroid metabolism enzymes, such as 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, ecdysteroid-IDP-glycosyl-transferase, cholesterol oxidases, ecdysone inhibitors or HMG-CoA-reductase; ion channel blockers, such as blockers of sodium or calcium channels; juvenile hormone esterase; diuretic hormone receptors (helicokinin receptors); stilben synthase, bibenzyl synthase, chitinases or glucanases. Further examples of such pesticidal proteins or transgenic plants capable of synthesizing such proteins are disclosed, e.g., in EP-A 374753, WO 93/007278, WO 95/34656, EP-A 427529, EP-A 451878, WO 03/18810 and WO 03/52073. The methods for producing such transgenic plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and some of which are commercially available such as Agrisure®CB (P1) (corn producing Cry1Ab), Agrisure®RW (P2) (corn producing mCry3A), Agrisure® Viptera (P3) (corn hybrids producing Vip3Aa); Agrisure300GT (P4) (corn hybrids producing Cry1Ab and mCry3A); YieldGard®(P5) (corn hybrids producing the Cry1Ab protein), YieldGard® Plus (P6) (corn hybrids producing Cry1Ab and Cry3Bb1), Genuity® SmartStax® (P7) (corn hybrids with Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, Cry1F, Cry34/35, Cry3Bb); Herculex® I (P8) (corn hybrids producing Cry1Fa) and Herculex®RW (P9) (corn hybrids producing Cry34Ab1, Cry35Ab1 and the enzyme Phosphinothricin-N-Acetyltransferase [PAT]); NuCOTN®33B (P10) (cotton cultivars producing Cry1Ac), Bollgard®I (P11) (cotton cultivars producing Cry1Ac), Bollgard®II (P12) (cotton cultivars producing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2) and VIPCOT® (P13) (cotton cultivars producing a Vip3Aa). Soybean Cyst Nematode resistance soybean (SCN®—Syngenta (P14)) and soybean with Aphid resistant trait (AMT® (P15)) are also of interest. 
     Further examples of such transgenic crops are: 
     1. Bt11 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de l&#39;Hobit 27, F-31 790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10 (P16). Genetically modified  Zea mays  which has been rendered resistant to attack by the European corn borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis  and  Sesamia nonagrioides ) by transgenic expression of a truncated CryIA(b) toxin. Bt11 maize also transgenically expresses the enzyme PAT to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. 
     2. Bt176 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de l&#39;Hobit 27, F-31 790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10 (P17). Genetically modified  Zea mays  which has been rendered resistant to attack by the European corn borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis  and  Sesamia nonagrioides ) by transgenic expression of a CryIA(b) toxin. Bt176 maize also transgenically expresses the enzyme PAT to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. 
     3. MIR604 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de l&#39;Hobit 27, F-31 790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10 (P18). Maize which has been rendered insect-resistant by transgenic expression of a modified CryIIIA toxin. This toxin is Cry3A055 modified by insertion of a cathepsin-D-protease recognition sequence. The preparation of such transgenic maize plants is described in WO 03/018810. 
     4. MON 863 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/DE/02/9 (P19). MON 863 expresses a CryIIIB(b1) toxin and has resistance to certain Coleoptera insects. 
     5. IPC 531 Cotton from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/ES/96/02. (P20) 
     6. 1507 Maize from Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Avenue Tedesco, 7 B-1160 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/NL/00/10. (P21) Genetically modified maize for the expression of the protein Cry1F for achieving resistance to certain Lepidoptera insects and of the PAT protein for achieving tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. 
     7. NK603×MON 810 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/GB/02/M3/03 (P22). Consists of conventionally bred hybrid maize varieties by crossing the genetically modified varieties NK603 and MON 810. NK603×MON 810 Maize transgenically expresses the protein CP4 EPSPS, obtained from  Agrobacterium  sp. strain CP4, which imparts tolerance to the herbicide Roundup® (contains glyphosate), and also a CryIA(b) toxin obtained from  Bacillus thuringiensis  subsp.  kurstaki  which brings about tolerance to certain Lepidoptera, include the European corn borer. 
     Further examples of transgenic plants, and of very high interest, are those carrying traits conferring resistance to 2.4 D (e.g. Enlist®) (e.g. WO 2011066384) (P23), glyphosate (e.g. Roundup Ready®, Roundup Ready 2 Yield® (P25)), sulfonylurea (e.g. STS®), glufosinate (e.g. Liberty Link®, Ignite®, Dicamba (Monsanto), HPPD tolerance (e.g. isoxaflutole herbicide, mesotrione herbicide—U.S. Pat. No. 7,312,379) (Bayer CropScience, Syngenta). Double or triple stacks of any of the traits described here are also of interest, including glyphosate and sulfonyl-urea tolerance ((e.g. Optimum GAT®), plants stacked with STS® and Roundup Ready® or plants stacked with STS® and Roundup Ready 2 Yield®, dicamba and glyphosate tolerance (Monsanto). Of particular interest are soybean plants carrying trains conferring resistance to 2.4 D (e.g. Enlist®), glyphosate (e.g. Roundup Ready®, Roundup Ready 2 Yield®), sulfonylurea (e.g. STS®), glufosinate (e.g. Liberty Link®, Ignite®), Dicamba (Monsanto) HPPD tolerance (e.g. isoxaflutole herbicide) (Bayer CropScience, Syngenta). Double or triple stack in soybean plants of any of the traits described here are also of interest, including glyphosate and sulfonyl-urea tolerance (e.g. Optimum GAT®, plants stacked with STS® and Roundup Ready® or Roundup Ready 2 Yield®), dicamba and glyphosate tolerance (Monsanto). 
     Transgenic crops of insect-resistant plants are also described in BATS (Zentrum für Biosicherheit and Nachhaltigkeit, Zentrum BATS, Clarastrasse 13, 4058 Basel, Switzerland) Report 2003, (http://bats.ch). 
     The term “locus” of a useful plant as used herein is intended to embrace the place on which the useful plants are growing, where the plant propagation materials of the useful plants are sown or where the plant propagation materials of the useful plants will be placed into the soil. An example for such a locus is a field, on which crop plants are growing. 
     The term “plant propagation material” is understood to denote generative parts of a plant, such as seeds, which can be used for the multiplication of the latter, and vegetative material, such as cuttings or tubers, for example potatoes. There may be mentioned for example seeds (in the strict sense), roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes and parts of plants. Germinated plants and young plants which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from the soil, may also be mentioned. These young plants may be protected before transplantation by a total or partial treatment by immersion. Preferably “plant propagation material” is understood to denote seeds. Insecticides that are of particular interest for treating seeds include thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and clothianidin. Accordingly, in one embodiment component B is selected from thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and clothianidin. 
     Methods for applying or treating active ingredients on to plant propagation material, especially seeds, are known in the art, and include dressing, coating, pelleting and soaking application methods of the propagation material. Conventional treating techniques and machines can be used, such as fluidized beds, roller mills, rotostatic seed treaters, drum coaters, and spouted beds. 
     Methods of applying to the soil can be via any suitable method, which ensures that the combination penetrates the soil, for example, nursery tray application, in furrow application, soil drenching, soil injection, drip irrigation, application through sprinklers or central pivot, incorporation into soil (broad cast or in band) are such methods. Alternatively or in addition one or more materials may be applied on a suitable substrate, for example a seed which is not intended for germination, and “sowing” the treated substrate with the plant propagation material. 
     Even distribution of ingredients and good adherence is particularly desired for seed treatment. Treatment could vary from a thin film or dressing of the formulation, for example, a mixture of active ingredients, on a plant propagation material, such as a seed, where the original size and/or shape are recognizable to an intermediary state to a thicker film such as pelleting with many layers of different materials (such as carriers, for example, clays; different formulations, such as of other active ingredients; polymers; and colourants) where the original shape and/or size of the seed is no longer recognisable. 
     Application onto plant propagation material can include controlled release coatings, wherein the ingredients of the combinations are incorporated into materials that release the ingredients over time. Examples of controlled release technologies are generally known in the art and include polymer films and waxes, wherein the ingredients may be incorporated into the controlled release material or applied between layers of materials, or both. 
     A further aspect of the instant invention is a method of protecting natural substances of plant and/or animal origin, which have been taken from the natural life cycle, and/or their processed forms against attack of pests, which comprises applying to said natural substances of plant and/or animal origin or their processed forms a combination of components A and B in a synergistically effective amount. Such applications include use of the mixtures of the invention as a treatment, for example a fumigant, for stored grain to protect against attack of invertebrate pests and or fungi. It may be noted that compounds of formula I may be used alone as a treatment for stored grain to protect against attack of invertebrate pests. 
     According to the instant invention, the term “natural substances of plant origin, which have been taken from the natural life cycle” denotes plants or parts thereof which have been harvested from the natural life cycle and which are in the freshly harvested form. Examples of such natural substances of plant origin are stalks, leafs, tubers, seeds, fruits or grains. According to the instant invention, the term “processed form of a natural substance of plant origin” is understood to denote a form of a natural substance of plant origin that is the result of a modification process. Such modification processes can be used to transform the natural substance of plant origin in a more storable form of such a substance (a storage good). Examples of such modification processes are pre-drying, moistening, crushing, comminuting, grounding, compressing or roasting. Also falling under the definition of a processed form of a natural substance of plant origin is timber, whether in the form of crude timber, such as construction timber, electricity pylons and barriers, or in the form of finished articles, such as furniture or objects made from wood. 
     According to the instant invention, the term “natural substances of animal origin, which have been taken from the natural life cycle and/or their processed forms” is understood to denote material of animal origin such as skin, hides, leather, furs, hairs and the like. 
     A preferred embodiment is a method of protecting natural substances of plant origin, which have been taken from the natural life cycle, and/or their processed forms against attack of pests, which comprises applying to said natural substances of plant and/or animal origin or their processed forms a combination of components A and B in a synergistically effective amount. 
     A further preferred embodiment is a method of protecting fruits, preferably pomes, stone fruits, soft fruits and citrus fruits, which have been taken from the natural life cycle, and/or their processed forms, which comprises applying to said fruits and/or their processed forms a combination of components A and B in a synergistically effective amount. 
     The compounds of formula (I) and mixtures of the invention can be used to combat and control infestations of insect pests such as Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Coleoptera, Siphonaptera, Hymenoptera and Isoptera and also other invertebrate pests, for example, acarine, nematode and mollusc pests. Insects, acarines, nematodes and molluscs are hereinafter collectively referred to as pests. The pests which may be combated and controlled by the use of the compounds of the invention include those pests associated with agriculture (which term includes the growing of crops for food and fiber products), horticulture and animal husbandry, companion animals, forestry and the storage of products of vegetable origin (such as fruit, grain and timber); those pests associated with the damage of man-made structures and the transmission of diseases of man and animals; and also nuisance pests (such as flies). The compounds of the invention may be used for example on turf, ornamentals, such as flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees or evergreens, for example conifers, as well as for tree injection, pest management and the like. Compositions comprising the compound of formula I may be used on ornamental garden plants (e.g. flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees or evergreens), e.g. to control aphids, whitefly, scales, meelybug, beetles and caterpillars. Compositions comprising the compound of formula I may be used on garden plants (e.g. flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees or evergreens), on indoor plants (e.g. flowers and shrubs) and on indoor pest e.g. to control aphids, whitefly, scales, meelybug, beetles and caterpillars. 
     Furthermore, the compounds of formula (I) and mixtures of the invention may be effective against harmful insects, without substantially imposing any harmful side effects to cultivated plants. Application of the compounds of the invention may increase the harvest yields, and may improve the quality of the harvested material. The compounds of the invention may have favourable properties with respect to amount applied, residue formulation, selectivity, toxicity, production methodology, high activity, wide spectrum of control, safety, control of resistant organisms, e.g. pests that are resistant to organic phosphorus agents and/or carbamate agents. 
     Examples of pest species which may be controlled by compounds of formula (I) and mixtures of the invention include: coleopterans, for example,  Callosobruchus chinensis, Sitophilus zeamais, Tribolium castaneum, Epilachna vigintioctomaculata, Agriotes fuscicollis, Anomala rufocuprea, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Diabrotica  spp.,  Monochamus alternatus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Lyctus bruneus, Aulacophora femoralis; lepidopterans , for example,  Lymantria dispar, Malacosoma neustria ),  Pieris rapae, Spodoptera litura, Mamestra brassicae, Chilo suppressalis ),  Pyrausta nubilalis, Ephestia cautella, Adoxophyes orana, Carpocapsa pomonella, Agrotisfucosa, Galleria mellonella, Plutella maculipennis, Heliothis virescens, Phyllocnistis citrella; hemipterans , for example,  Nephotettix cincticeps, Nilaparvata lugens, Pseudococcus comstocki, Unaspis yanonensis, Myzus persicas, Aphis pomi, Aphis gossypii, Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicas, Stephanitis nashi, Nezara  spp.,  Trialeurodes vaporariorm, Psylla  spp.;  thysanopterans , for example,  Thrips palmi, Franklinella occidental; orthopterans , for example,  Blatella germanica, Periplaneta americana, Gryllotalpa Africana, Locusta migratoria migratoriodes; isopterans  for example,  Reticulitermes speratus, Coptotermes formosanus; dipterans , for example,  Musca domestica, Aedes aegypti, Hylemia platura, Culex pipiens, Anopheles sinensis, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Liriomyza trifolii; acari , for example,  Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus citri, Aculops pelekassi, Tarsonemus  spp.; nematodes, for example,  Meloidogyne incognita, Bursaphelenchus lignicolus Mamiya  et  Kiyohara, Aphelenchoides besseyi, Heterodera glycines, Pratylenchus  spp. 
     Examples of further pest species which may be controlled by compounds of formula (I) and mixture of the invention include: from the order of the Anoplura ( Phthiraptera ), for example,  Damalinia  spp.,  Haematopinus  spp.,  Linognathus  spp.,  Pediculus  spp.,  Trichodectes  spp.; from the class of the Arachnida, for example,  Acarus siro, Aceria sheldoni, Aculops  spp.,  Aculus  spp.,  Amblyomma  spp.,  Argas  spp.,  Boophilus  spp.,  Brevipalpus  spp.,  Bryobia praetiosa, Chorioptes  spp.,  Dermanyssus gallinae, Eotetranychus  spp.,  Epitrimerus pyri, Eutetranychus  spp.,  Eriophyes  spp.,  Hemitarsonemus  spp.,  Hyalomma  spp.,  Ixodes  spp.,  Latrodectus mactans, Metatetranychus  spp.,  Oligonychus  spp.,  Ornithodoros  spp.,  Panonychus  spp.,  Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Psoroptes  spp.,  Rhipicephalus  spp.,  Rhizoglyphus  spp.,  Sarcoptes  spp.,  Scorpio maurus, Stenotarsonemus  spp.,  Tarsonemus  spp.,  Tetranychus  spp.,  Vasates lycopersici ; from the class of the Bivalva, for example,  Dreissena  spp.; from the order of the Chilopoda, for example,  Geophilus  spp.,  Scutigera  spp.; from the order of the Coleoptera, for example,  Acanthoscehdes obtectus, Adoretus  spp.,  Agelastica alni, Agriotes  spp.,  Amphimallon solstitialis, Anobium punctatum, Anoplophora  spp.,  Anthonomus  spp.,  Anthrenus  spp.,  Apogonia  spp.,  Atomaria  spp.,  Attagenus  spp.,  Bruchidius obtectus, Bruchus  spp.,  Ceuthorhynchus  spp.,  Cleonus mendicus, Conoderus  spp.,  Cosmopolites  spp.,  Costelytra zealandica, Curculio  spp.,  Cryptorhynchus lapathi, Dermestes  spp.,  Diabrotica  spp.,  Epilachna  spp.,  Faustinus cubae, Gibbium psylloides, Heteronychus arator, Hylamorpha elegans, Hylotrupes bajulus, Hypera postica, Hypothenemus  spp.,  Lachnosterna consanguinea, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Lixus  spp.,  Lyctus  spp.,  Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha melolontha, Migdolus  spp.,  Monochamus  spp.,  Naupactus xanthographus, Niptus hololeucus, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Oxycetonia jucunda, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllophaga  spp.,  Popillia japonica, Premnotrypes  spp.,  Psylliodes chrysocephala, Ptinus  spp.,  Rhizobius ventralis, Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophilus  spp.,  Sphenophorus  spp.,  Sternechus  spp.,  Symphyletes  spp.,  Tenebrio molitor, Tribolium  spp.,  Trogoderma  spp.,  Tychius  spp.,  Xylotrechus  spp.,  Zabrus  spp.; from the order of the Collembola, for example,  Onychiurus armatus ; from the order of the Dermaptera, for example,  Forficula auricularia ; from the order of the Diplopoda, for example,  Blaniulus guttulatus ; from the order of the Diptera, for example,  Aedes  spp.,  Anopheles  spp.,  Bibio hortulanus, Calliphora erythrocephala, Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomyia  spp.,  Cochliomyia  spp.,  Cordylobia anthropophaga, Culex  spp.,  Cuterebra  spp.,  Dacus oleae, Dermatobia hominis, Drosophila  spp.,  Fannia  spp.,  Gastrophilus  spp.,  Hylemyia  spp.,  Hyppobosca  spp.,  Hypoderma  spp.,  Liriomyza  spp.,  Lucilia  spp.,  Musca  spp.,  Nezara  spp.,  Oestrus  spp.,  Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia  spp.,  Stomoxys  spp.,  Tabanus  spp.,  Tannia  spp.,  Tipula paludosa, Wohlfahrtia  spp.; from the class of the Gastropoda, for example,  Anion  spp.,  Biomphalaria  spp.,  Bulinus  spp.,  Deroceras  spp.,  Galba  spp.,  Lymnaea  spp.,  Oncomelania  spp.,  Succinea  spp.; from the class of the helminths, for example,  Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Acylostoma braziliensis, Ancylostoma  spp.,  Ascaris lubnicoides, Ascaris  spp.,  Brugia malayi, Brugia timoni, Bunostomum  spp.,  Chabertia  spp.,  Clonorchis  spp.,  Cooperia  spp.,  Dicrocoelium  spp,  Dictyocaulus filaria, Diphyllobothrium latum, Dracunculus medinensis, Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis, Enterobius vermicularis, Faciola  spp.,  Haemonchus  spp.,  Heterakis  spp.,  Hymenolepis nana, Hyostrongulus  spp.,  Loa Loa, Nematodirus  spp.,  Oesophagostomum  spp.,  Opisthorchis  spp.,  Onchocerca volvulus, Ostertagia  spp.,  Paragonimus  spp.,  Schistosomen  spp.,  Strongyloides fuelleborni, Strongyloides stercoralis, Stronyloides  spp.,  Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella nativa, Trichinella britovi, Trichinella nelsoni, Trichinella pseudopsiralis, Tnichostrongulus  spp.,  Trichuris trichuria, Wuchereria bancrofti ; ft may be furthermore possible to control protozoa, such as  Eimeria ; from the order of the Heteroptera, for example,  Anasa tristis, Antestiopsis  spp.,  Blissus  spp.,  Caloconis  spp.,  Campylomma livida, Cavelenius  spp.,  Cimex  spp.,  Creontiades dilutus, Dasynus piperis, Dichelops furcatus, Diconocoris hewetti, Dysdercus  spp.,  Euschistus  spp.,  Eurygasten  spp.,  Heliopeltis  spp.,  Horcias nobilellus, Leptocorisa  spp.,  Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus  spp.,  Macropes excavatus, Miridae, Nezara  spp.,  Oebalus  spp.,  Pentomidae, Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus  spp.,  Psallus seriatus, Pseudacysta persea, Rhodnius  spp.,  Sahlbergella singulanis, Scotinophora  spp.,  Stephanitis nashi, Tibraca  spp.,  Triatoma  spp.; from the order of the Homoptera, for example,  Acyrthosipon  spp.,  Aeneolamia  spp.,  Agonoscena  spp.,  Aleurodes  spp.,  Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothnixus  spp.,  Amnasca  spp.,  Anunaphis candui, Aonidiella  spp.,  Aphanostigma piri, Aphis  spp.,  Anbonidia apicalis, Aspidiella  spp.,  Aspidiotus  spp.,  Atanus  spp.,  Aulaconthum solani, Bemisia  spp.,  Brachycaudus Brachycolus  spp.,  Brevicoryne brassicae, Calligypona manginata, Carneocephala fulgida, Cenatovacuna lanigena, Cencopidae, Cenoplastes  spp.,  Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Chionaspis tegalensis, Chlonita onukii, Chromaphis juglandicola, Chiysomphalus ficus, Cicadulina mbila, Coccomytilus halli, Coccus  spp.,  Cryptomyzus nibis, Dalbulus  spp.,  Dialeunodes  spp.,  Diaphonina  spp.,  Diaspis  spp.,  Dorsalis  spp.,  Drosicha  spp.,  Dysaphis  spp.,  Dysmicoccus  spp.,  Empoasca  spp.,  Eniosoma  spp.,  Erythnoneuna  spp.,  Euscelis bilobatus, Geococcus coffeae, Homalodisca coagulata, Hyalopterus arundinis, Icerya  spp.,  Idiocenus  spp.,  Idioscopus  spp.,  Laodelphax stniatellus, Lecanium  spp.,  Lepidosaphes  spp.,  Lipaphis erysimi, Macnosiphum  spp.,  Mahanarva fimbniolata, Melanaphis sacchani, Metcalfiella  spp.,  Metopolophium dinhodum, Monellia costalis, Monelliopsis pecanis, Myzus  spp.,  Nasonovia nibisnigni, Nephotettix  spp.,  Nilaparvata lugens, Oncometopia  spp.,  Onthezia pnaelonga, Panabemisia mynicae, Panatnioza  spp.,  Panlatonia  spp.,  Pemphigus  spp.,  Penegninus maidis, Phenacoccus  spp.,  Phloeomyzus passeninii, Phonodon humuli, Phylloxera  spp.,  Pinnaspis aspidistnae, Planococcus  spp.,  Protopulvinania pyriformis, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Pseudococcus  spp.,  Psylla  spp.,  Pteromalus  spp.,  Pyrilla  spp.,  Quadraspidiotus  spp.,  Quesada gigas, Rastrococcus  spp.,  Rhopalosiphum  spp.,  Saissetia  spp.,  Scaphoides titanus, Schizaphis graminum, Selenaspidus articulatus, Sogata  spp.,  Sogatella furcifera, Sogatodes  spp.,  Stictocephala festina, Tenalaphara malayensis, Tinocallis caryaefoliae, Tomaspis  spp.,  Toxoptera  spp.,  Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza  spp.,  Typhlocyba  spp.,  Unaspis  spp.,  Viteus vitifolii ; from the order of the Hymenoptera, for example,  Diprion  spp.,  Hoplocampa  spp.,  Lasius  spp.,  Monomorium pharaonic, Vespa  spp.; from the order of the Isopoda, for example,  Armadillidium vulgare, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber ; from the order of the Isoptera, for example,  Reticulitermes  spp.,  Odontotermes  spp.; from the order of the Lepidoptera, for example,  Acronicta major, Aedia leucomelas, Agrotis  spp.,  Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia  spp.,  Barathra brassicae, Bucculatrix thurberiella, Bupalus piniarius, Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana, Carpocapsa pomonella, Chematobia brumata, Chilo  spp.,  Choristoneura fumiferana, Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocerus  spp.,  Earias insulana, Ephestia kuehniella, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Euxoa  spp.,  Feltia  spp.,  Galleria mellonella, Helicoverpa  spp.,  Heliothis  spp.,  Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Homona magnanima, Hyponomeuta padella, Laphygma  spp.,  Lithocolletis blancardella, Lithophane antennata, Loxagrotis albicosta, Lymantria  spp.,  Malacosoma neustria, Mamestra brassicae, Mocis repanda, Mythimna separata, Oria  spp.,  Oulema oryzae, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris  spp.,  Plutella xylostella, Prodenia  spp.,  Pseudaletia  spp.,  Pseudoplusia includens, Pyrausta nubilalis, Spodoptera  spp.,  Thermesia gemmatalis, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisselliella, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia  spp.; from the order of the Orthoptera, for example,  Acheta domesticus, Blatta orientalis, Blattella germanica, Gryllotalpa  spp.,  Leucophaea maderae, Locusta  spp.,  Melanoplus  spp.,  Periplaneta americana, Schistocerca gregaria ; from the order of the Siphonaptera, for example,  Ceratophyllus  spp.,  Xenopsylla cheopis . From the order of the  Symphyla , for example,  Scutigerella immaculata ; from the order of the Thysanoptera, for example,  Baliothrips biformis, Enneothrips flavens, Frankliniella  spp.,  Heliothrips  spp.,  Hercinothrips femoralis, Kakothrips  spp.,  Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips  spp.,  Taeniothrips cardamoni, Thrips  spp.; from the order of the Thysanura, for example,  Lepisma saccharina . The phytoparasitic nematodes include, for example,  Anguina  spp.,  Aphelenchoides  spp.,  Belonoaimus  spp.,  Bursaphelenchus  spp.,  Ditylenchus dipsaci, Globodera  spp.,  Heliocotylenchus  spp.,  Heterodera  spp.,  Longidorus  spp.,  Meloidogyne  spp.,  Pratylenchus  spp.,  Radopholus similis, Rotylenchus  spp.,  Trichodorus  spp.,  Tylenchorhynchus  spp.,  Tylenchulus  spp.,  Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Xiphinema  spp. The combinations according to the present invention are furthermore particularly effective against the following pests:  Myzus persicae  (aphid),  Aphis gossypii  (aphid),  Aphis fabae  (aphid),  Lygus  spp. (capsids),  Dysdercus  spp. (capsids),  Nilaparvata lugens  (planthopper),  Nephotettixc incticeps  (leafhopper),  Nezara  spp. (stinkbugs),  Euschistus  spp. (stinkbugs),  Leptocorisa  spp. (stinkbugs),  Frankliniella occidentalis  (thrip),  Thrips  spp. ( thrips ),  Leptinotarsa decemlineata  (Colorado potato beetle),  Anthonomus grandis  (boll weevil),  Aonidiella  spp. (scale insects),  Trialeurodes  spp. (white flies),  Bemisia tabaci  (white fly),  Ostrinia nubilalis  (European corn borer),  Spodoptera littoralis  (cotton leafworm),  Heliothis virescens  (tobacco budworm),  Helicoverpa armigera  (cotton bollworm),  Helicoverpa zea  (cotton bollworm),  Sylepta derogata  (cotton leaf roller),  Pieris brassicae  (white butterfly),  Plutella xylostella  (diamond back moth),  Agrotis  spp. (cutworms),  Chilo suppressalis  (rice stem borer),  Locusta migratoria  (locust),  Chortiocetes terminifera  (locust),  Diabrotica  spp. (rootworms),  Panonychus ulmi  (European red mite),  Panonychus citri  (citrus red mite),  Tetranychus urticae  (two-spotted spider mite),  Tetranychus cinnabarinus  (carmine spider mite),  Phyllocoptruta oleivora  (citrus rust mite),  Polyphagotarsonemus latus  (broad mite),  Brevipalpus  spp. (flat mites),  Boophilus microplus  (cattle tick),  Dermacentor variabilis  (American dog tick),  Ctenocephalides felis  (cat flea),  Liriomyza  spp. (leafminer),  Musca domestica  (housefly),  Aedes aegypti  (mosquito),  Anopheles  spp. (mosquitoes),  Culex  spp. (mosquitoes),  Lucillia  spp. (blowflies),  Blattella germanica  (cockroach),  Periplaneta americana  (cockroach),  Blatta orientalis  (cockroach), termites of the  Mastotermitidae  (for example  Mastotermes  spp.), the  Kalotermitidae  (for example  Neotermes  spp.), the  Rhinotermitidae  (for example  Coptoremes formosanus, Reticulitermes flavipes, R. speratu, R. virginicus, R. hesperus , and  R. santonensis ) and the  Termitidae  (for example  Globitermes sulfureus ),  Solenopsis geminata  (fire ant),  Monomorium pharaonis  (pharaoh&#39;s ant),  Damalinia  spp. and  Linognathus  spp. (biting and sucking lice),  Meloidogyne  spp. (root knot nematodes),  Globodera  spp. and  Heterodera  spp. (cyst nematodes),  Pratylenchus  spp. (lesion nematodes),  Rhodopholus  spp. (banana burrowing nematodes),  Tylenchulus  spp. (citrus nematodes),  Haemonchus contortus  (barber pole worm),  Caenorhabditis elegans  (vinegar eelworm),  Trichostrongylus  spp. (gastro intestinal nematodes) and  Deroceras reticulatum  (slug). 
     The compound of formula I and mixtures of the invention may be used for pest control on various plants, including soybean (e.g. in some cases 10-70 g/ha), corn (e.g. in some cases 10-70 g/ha), sugarcane (e.g. in some cases 20-200 g/ha), alfalfa (e.g. in some cases 10-70 g/ha), brassicas (e.g. in some cases 10-50 g/ha), oilseed rape (e.g. canola) (e.g. in some cases 20-70 g/ha), potatoes (including sweet potatoes) (e.g. in some cases 10-70 g/ha), cotton (e.g. in some cases 10-70 g/ha), rice (e.g. in some cases 10-70 g/ha), coffee (e.g. in some cases 30-150 g/ha), citrus (e.g. in some cases 60-200 g/ha), almonds (e.g. in some cases 40-180 g/ha), fruiting vegetables, cucurbits and pulses (e.g. tomatoes, pepper, chili, eggplant, cucumber, squash etc.) (e.g. in some cases 10-80 g/ha), tea (e.g. in some cases 20-150 g/ha), bulb vegetables (e.g. onion, leek etc.) (e.g. in some cases 30-90 g/ha), grapes (e.g. in some cases 30-180 g/ha), pome fruit (e.g. apples, pears etc.) (e.g. in some cases 30-180 g/ha), and stone fruit (e.g. pears, plums etc.) (e.g. in some cases 30-180 g/ha). 
     The mixtures of the invention may be used for pest control on various plants, including soybean, corn, sugarcane, alfalfa, brassicas, oilseed rape (e.g. canola), potatoes (including sweet potatoes), cotton, rice, coffee, citrus, almonds, fruiting vegetables, cucurbits and pulses (e.g. tomatoes, pepper, chili, eggplant, cucumber, squash etc.), tea, bulb vegetables (e.g. onion, leek etc.), grapes, pome fruit (e.g. apples, pears etc.), stone fruit (e.g. pears, plums etc.), and cereals. 
     The mixtures of the invention may be used on soybean to control, for example,  Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Diloboderus abderus, Diabrotica speciosa, Trialeurodes  spp.,  Bemisia  spp., aphids,  Sternechus subsignatus, Formicidae, Agrotis ypsilon, Julus  spp.,  Murgantia  spp.,  Halyomorpha  spp.,  Thyanta  spp.,  Megascelis  ssp.,  Procornitermes  ssp.,  Gryllotalpidae, Nezara viridula, Piezodorus  spp.,  Acrosternum  spp.,  Neomegalotomus  spp.,  Cerotoma trifurcata, Popillia japonica, Edessa  spp.,  Liogenys fuscus, Euschistus heros , stalk borer,  Scaptocoris castanea, phyllophaga  spp.,  Migdolus  spp.,  Pseudoplusia includens, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Epinotia  spp.,  Rachiplusia  spp.,  Spodoptera  spp.,  Bemisia tabaci, Tetranychus  spp.,  Agriotes  spp.,  Euschistus  spp. The mixtures of the invention are preferably used on soybean to control  Diloboderus abderus, Diabrotica speciosa, Trialeurodes  spp.,  Bemisia  spp.,  Nezara viridula, Piezodorus  spp.,  Acrosternum  spp.,  Cerotoma trifurcata, Popillia japonica, Euschistus heros, Scaptocoris castanea, phyllophaga  spp.,  Migdolus  spp.,  Agriotes  spp.,  Euschistus  spp. 
     The mixtures of the invention may be used on corn to control, for example,  Euschistus heros, Euschistus  spp.,  Dichelops furcatus, Diloboderus abderus, Thyanta  spp.,  Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Halyomorpha  spp.,  Spodoptera frugiperda, Nezara viridula, Cerotoma trifurcata, Popillia japonica, Agrotis ypsilon, Diabrotica speciosa , aphids,  Heteroptera, Procornitermes  spp.,  Scaptocoris castanea, Formicidae, Julus  ssp.,  Dalbulus maidis, Diabrotica virgifera, Diabrotica  spp.,  Mocis latipes, Bemisia tabaci, heliothis  spp.,  Tetranychus  spp.,  thrips  spp.,  phyllophaga  spp.,  Migdolus  spp.,  scaptocoris  spp.,  Liogenys fuscus, Spodoptera  spp.,  Ostrinia  spp.,  Sesamia  spp., wireworms,  Agriotes  spp.,  Halotydeus destructor . The mixtures of the invention are preferably used on corn to control  Euschistus heros, Euschistus  spp.,  Dichelops furcatus, Diloboderus abderus, Nezara viridula, Cerotoma trifurcata, Popillia japonica, Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica virgifera, Diabrotica  spp.,  Tetranychus  spp.,  Thrips  spp.,  Phyllophaga  spp.,  Migdolus  spp.,  Scaptocoris  spp.,  Agriotes  spp. 
     The mixtures of the invention may be used on sugar cane to control, for example,  Sphenophorus  spp., termites,  Migdolus  spp.,  Diloboderus  spp.,  Telchin licus, Diatrea saccharalis, Mahanarva  spp., Mealybugs. 
     The mixtures of the invention may be used on alfalfa to control, for example,  Hypera brunneipennis, Hypera postica, Colias eurytheme, Collops  spp.,  Empoasca solana, Epitrix  spp.,  Geocoris  spp.,  Lygus hesperus, Lygus lineolaris, Spissistilus  spp.,  Spodoptera  spp., Aphids,  Trichoplusia ni . The mixtures of the invention are preferably used on alfalfa to control  Hypera brunneipennis, Hypera postica, Empoasca solana, Epitrix  spp.,  Lygus hesperus, Lygus lineolaris, Trichoplusia ni.    
     The mixtures of the invention may be used on brassicas to control, for example,  Plutella xylostella, Pieris  spp.,  Mamestra  spp.,  Plusia  spp.,  Trichoplusia ni, Phyllotreta  spp.,  Spodoptera  spp.,  Empoasca  spp.,  thrips  spp.,  Delia  spp.,  Murgantia  spp.,  Trialeurodes  spp.,  Bemisia  spp.,  Microtheca  spp., Aphids. The mixtures of the invention are preferably used on brassicas to control  Plutella xylostella, Pieris  spp.,  Plusia  spp.,  Trichoplusia ni, Phyllotreta  spp.,  Thrips  spp. 
     The mixtures of the invention may be used on oil seed rape, e.g. canola, to control, for example,  Meligethes  spp.,  Ceutorhynchus napi, Halotydeus destructor, Psylloides  spp. 
     The mixtures of the invention may be used on potatoes, including sweet potatoes, to control, for example,  Empoasca  spp.,  Leptinotarsa  spp.,  Diabrotica speciosa, Phthorimaea  spp.,  Paratrioza  spp.,  Maladera matrida, Agriotes  spp., Aphids, wireworms. The mixtures of the invention are preferably used on potatoes, including sweet potatoes, to control  Empoasca  spp.,  Leptinotarsa  spp.,  Diabrotica speciosa, Phthorimaea  spp.,  Paratrioza  spp.,  Agriotes  spp. 
     The mixtures of the invention may be used on cotton to control, for example,  Anthonomus grandis, Pectinophora  spp.,  heliothis  spp.,  Spodoptera  spp.,  Tetranychus  spp.,  Empoasca  spp.,  Thrips  spp.,  Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes  spp., Aphids,  Lygus  spp.,  phyllophaga  spp.,  Scaptocoris  spp.,  Austroasca viridigrisea, Creontiades  spp.,  Nezara  spp.,  Piezodorus  spp.,  Halotydeus destructor, Oxycaraenus hyalinipennis, Dysdercus cingulatus . The mixtures of the invention are preferably used on cotton to control  Anthonomus grandis, Tetranychus  spp.,  Empoasca  spp.,  thrips  spp.,  Lygus  spp.,  phyllophaga  spp.,  Scaptocoris  spp. 
     The mixtures of the invention may be used on rice to control, for example,  Leptocorisa  spp.,  Cnaphalocrosis  spp.,  Chilo  spp.,  Scirpophaga  spp.,  Lissorhoptrus  spp.,  Oebalus pugnax, Scotinophara  spp.,  Nephotettix malayanus, Nephotettix nigropictus, Nephotettix parvus, Nephottetix virescens, Nephotettix  spp., Mealybugs,  Sogatella furcifera, Nilaparvata lugens, Orseolia  spp.,  Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Marasmia  spp.,  Stenchaetothrips biformis, Thrips  spp.,  Hydrellia philippina , Grasshoppers,  Pomacea canaliculata, Scirpophaga innotata, Chilo suppressalis, Chilo auricilius, Chilo polychrysus, Sesamia inferens, Laodelphax striatellus, Nymphula depunctalis, Oulema oryzae , Stinkbugs. The mixtures of the invention are preferably used on rice to control  Leptocorisa  spp.,  Lissorhoptrus  spp.,  Oebalus pugnax, Nephotettix malayanus, Nephotettix nigropictus, Nephotettix parvus, Nephottetix virescens, Nephotettix  spp.,  Sogatella furcifera, Stenchaetothrips biformis, Thrips  spp.,  Hydrellia philippina, Grasshoppers, Pomacea canaliculata, Scirpophaga innotata, Chilo suppressalis, Chilo polychrysus, Oulema oryzae.    
     The mixtures of the invention may be used on coffee to control, for example,  Hypothenemus Hampei, Perileucoptera Coffeella, Tetranychus  spp.,  Brevipalpus  spp., Mealybugs. The mixtures of the invention are preferably used on coffee to control  Hypothenemus Hampei, Perileucoptera Coffeella.    
     The mixtures of the invention may be used on citrus to control, for example,  Panonychus citri, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Brevipalpus  spp.,  Diaphorina citri, Scirtothrips  spp.,  Thrips  spp.,  Unaspis  spp.,  Ceratitis capitata, Phyllocnistis  spp., Aphids, Hardscales, Softscales, Mealybugs. The mixtures of the invention are preferably used on citrus to control  Panonychus citri, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Brevipalpus  spp.,  Diaphorina citri, Scirtothrips  spp.,  thrips  spp.,  Phyllocnistis  spp. 
     The mixtures of the invention may be used on almonds to control, for example,  Amyelois transitella, Tetranychus  spp. 
     The mixtures of the invention may be used on fruiting vegetables, cucurbits and pulses, including tomatoes, pepper, chili, eggplant, cucumber, squash etc., to control, for example,  Thrips  spp.,  Tetranychus  spp.,  Polyphagotarsonemus  spp.,  Aculops  spp.,  Empoasca  spp.,  Spodoptera  spp.,  heliothis  spp.,  Tuta absoluta, Liriomyza  spp.,  Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes  spp., Aphids,  Paratrioza  spp.,  Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella  spp.,  Anthonomus  spp.,  Phyllotreta  spp.,  Amrasca  spp.,  Epilachna  spp.,  Halyomorpha  spp.,  Scirtothrips  spp.,  Leucinodes  spp.,  Neoleucinodes  spp.  Maruca  spp., Fruit flies, Stinkbugs,  Lepidopteras, Coleopteras . The mixtures of the invention are preferably used on fruiting vegetables, cucurbits and pulses, including tomatoes, pepper, chili, eggplant, cucumber, squash etc., to control  Thrips  spp.,  Tetranychus  spp.,  Polyphagotarsonemus  spp.,  Aculops  spp.,  Empoasca  spp.,  Spodoptera  spp.,  heliothis  spp.,  Tuta absoluta, Liriomyza  spp.,  Paratrioza  spp.,  Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella  spp.,  Amrasca  spp.,  Scirtothrips  spp.,  Leucinodes  spp.,  Neoleucinodes  spp. 
     The mixtures of the invention may be used on tea to control, for example,  Pseudaulacaspis  spp.,  Empoasca  spp.,  Scirtothrips  spp.,  Caloptilia theivora, Tetranychus  spp. The mixtures of the invention are preferably used on tea to control  Empoasca  spp.,  Scirtothrips  spp. 
     The mixtures of the invention may be used on bulb vegetables, including onion, leek etc. to control, for example,  Thrips  spp.,  Spodoptera  spp.,  heliothis  spp. The mixtures of the invention are preferably used on bulb vegetables, including onion, leek etc. to control  Thrips  spp. 
     The mixtures of the invention may be used on grapes to control, for example,  Empoasca  spp.,  Lobesia  spp.,  Eupoecilia ambiguella, Frankliniella  spp.,  Thrips  spp.,  Tetranychus  spp.,  Rhipiphorothrips Cruentatus, Eotetranychus Willamettei, Erythroneura Elegantula, Scaphoides  spp.,  Scelodonta strigicollis , Mealybugs. The mixtures of the invention are preferably used on grapes to control  Frankliniella  spp.,  Thrips  spp.,  Tetranychus  spp.,  Rhipiphorothrips Cruentatus, Scaphoides  spp. 
     The mixtures of the invention may be used on pome fruit, including apples, pears etc., to control, for example,  Cacopsylla  spp.,  Psylla  spp.,  Panonychus ulmi, Cydia pomonella, Lepidopteras , Aphids, Hardscales, Softscales. The mixtures of the invention are preferably used on pome fruit, including apples, pears etc., to control  Cacopsylla  spp.,  Psylla  spp.,  Panonychus ulmi.    
     The mixtures of the invention may be used on stone fruit to control, for example,  Grapholita molesta, Scirtothrips  spp.,  Thrips  spp.,  Frankliniella  spp.,  Tetranychus  spp., Aphids, Hardscales, Softscales, Mealybugs. The mixtures of the invention are preferably used on stone fruit to control  Scirtothrips  spp.,  Thrips  spp.,  Frankliniella  spp.,  Tetranychus  spp. 
     The mixtures of the invention may be used on cereals to control, for example, Aphids, Stinkbugs, earthmites,  Eurygaster integriceps, Zabrus tenebrioides, Anisoplia austriaca, Chaetocnema aridula, Phyllotreta  spp.,  Oulema melanopus, Oscinella  spp.,  Delia  spp.,  Mayetiola  spp.,  Contarinia  spp.,  Cephus  spp.,  Steneotarsonemus  spp.,  Apamea  spp. 
     In another embodiment compounds of formula I and mixtures of the invention may be used on rice to control  Baliothrips biformis  ( Thrips ),  Chilo  spp. (e.g.  Chilo polychrysus  (Dark headed striped borer),  Chilo suppressalis  (Rice stemborer),  Chilo indicus  (Paddy stem borer),  Chilo polychrysus  (Dark-headed rice borer),  Chilo suppressalis  (Stripe stem borer)),  Cnaphalocrocis medinalis  (Rice leaf folder),  Dicladispa armigera  (Hispa),  Hydrellia philipina  (Rice whorl-maggot),  Laodelphax  spp. (Smaller brown planthopper) (e.g.  Laodelphax striatellus ),  Lema oryzae  (Rice leafbeetle),  Leptocorsia acuta  (Rice bug),  Leptocorsia oratorius  (rice bug),  Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus  (rice water weevil),  Mythemina separata (armyworm),  Nephottetix  spp. (Green leafhopper) (e.g.  Nephotettix cincticeps, Nephotettix malayanus, Nephotettix nigropictus, Nephotettix parvus, Nephottetix virescens ),  Nilaparvata lugens  (Brown Planthopper),  Nymphula depunctalis  (Rice caseworm),  Orseolia oryzae  (Rice Gall midge),  Oulema oryzae  (Rice leafbeetle),  Scirpophaga incertulas  (Yellow Stemborer),  Scirpophaga innotata  (White Stemborer),  Scotinophara coarctata  (Rice black bug),  Sogaella frucifera  (White-backed planthopper),  Steneotarsonemus spinki.    
     The compounds of formula I and mixtures of the invention may be used to control animal housing pests including: Ants, Bedbugs (adult), Bees, Beetles, Boxelder Bugs, Carpenter Bees, Carpet Beetles, Centipedes, Cigarette, Beetles, Clover Mites, Cockroaches, Confused Flour Beetle, Crickets, Earwigs, Firebrats, Fleas, Flies, Lesser Grain Borers, Millipedes, Mosquitoes, Red Flour Beetles, Rice Weevils, Saw-toothed Grain Beetles, Silverfish, Sowbugs, Spiders, Termites, Ticks, Wasps, Cockroaches, Crickets, Flies, Litter Beetles (such as Darkling, Hide, and Carrion), Mosquitoes, Pillbugs, Scorpions, Spiders, Spider Mites (Twospotted, Spruce), Ticks. 
     The compounds of formula I and mixtures of the invention may be used to control ornamental pests including: Ants (Including Imported fire ants), Armyworms, Azalea caterpillars, Aphids, Bagworms, Black vine weevils (adult), Boxelder bugs, Budworms, California oakworms, Cankerworms, Cockroaches, Crickets, Cutworms, Eastern tent caterpillars, Elm leaf beetles, European sawflies, Fall webworms, Flea beetles, Forest tent caterpillars, Gypsy moth larvae, Japanese beetles (adults), June beetles (adults), Lace bugs, Leaf-feeding caterpillars, Leafhoppers, Leafminers (adults), Leaf rollers, Leaf skeletonizers, Midges, Mosquitoes, Oleander moth larvae, Pillbugs, Pine sawflies, Pine shoot beetles, Pinetip moths, Plant bugs, Root weevils, Sawflies, Scale insects (crawlers), Spiders, Spittlebugs, Striped beetles, Striped oakworms,  Thrips , Tip moths, Tussock moth larvae, Wasps, Broadmites, Brown softscales, California redscales (crawlers), Clover mites, Mealybugs, Pineneedlescales (crawlers), Spider mites, Whiteflies. 
     The compounds of formula I and mixtures of the invention may be used to control turf pests including: Ants (Including Imported fire ants, Armyworms, Centipedes, Crickets, Cutworms, Earwigs, Fleas (adult), Grasshoppers, Japanese beetles (adult), Millipedes, Mites, Mosquitoes (adult), Pillbugs, Sod webworms, Sow bugs, Ticks (including species which transmit Lyme disease), Bluegrass billbugs (adult), Black turfgrass ataenius (adult), Chiggers, Fleas (adult), Grubs (suppression), Hyperodes weevils (adult), Mole crickets (nymphs and young adults), Mole Crickets (mature adults), Chinch Bugs. 
     The compounds of formula (I) and mixture of the invention, in particular those in the tables above, may be used for soil applications, including as a seed application, to target at least the following: sucking pests such as aphids,  thrips , brown plant hopper (e.g. on rice), sting bugs, white flies (e.g. on cotton and vegetables), mites; on soil pests such as corn root worm, wireworms, white grubs,  zabrus , termites (e.g. on sugar cane, soy, pasture), maggots, cabbage root fly, red legged earth mite; on lepidoptera, such as  spodoptera , cutworms,  elasmoplpus, plutella  (e.g.  brassica ), stem borers, leaf miners, flea beetle,  Sternechus ; on nematicides, such as  Heterodera glycines  (e.g. on soybean),  Pratylenchus brachyurus  (e.g. on corn),  P. zeae  (e.g. oncorn),  P. penetrans  (e.g. on corn),  Meloidogyne incognita  (e.g. on vegetables),  Heterodera schachtii  (e.g. on sugar beet),  Rotylenchus reniformis  (e.g. on cotton),  Heterodera avenae  (e.g. on cereals),  Pratylenchus neglectus  (e.g. on cereals),  thornei  (e.g. on cereals). 
     The compounds of formula (I) and mixture of the invention, in particular those in the tables above may be used for seed applications at least on the following: soil grubs for corn, soybeans, sugarcane:  Migdolus  spp;  Phyllophaga  spp.;  Diloboderus  spp;  Cyclocephala  spp;  Lyogenys fuscus ; sugarcane weevils:  Sphenophorus levis  &amp;  Metamasius hemipterus ; termites for soybeans, sugarcane, pasture, others:  Heterotermes tenuis; Heterotermes longiceps; Cornitermes cumulans; Procornitermes triacifer; Neocapritermes opacus; Neocapritermes parvus ; corn root worms for corn and potatoes:  Diabrotica  spp., seed Maggot:  Delia platura ; soil stinkbugs:  Scaptocoris castanea ; wireworms:  Agriotes  spp;  Athous  spp  Hipnodes bicolor; Ctenicera destructor; Limonius canu; Limonius californicus ; rice water weevil:  Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus ; Red Legged earth mites:  Halotydeus destructor.    
     For soil applications using compounds of formula I on sugar cane, including application on sugar cane propogation material such as buds, the following mixing partners are of particular interest: insecticides selected from neonicotinoids, in particular thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and clothianidin, sulfoxaflor, abamectin, carbofuran, tefluthrin, fipronil, ethiprole, spinosad, lamda-cyhalothrin, bisamides, in particular chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, flubendiamide; optionally with fungicides selected from azoxystrobin, cyproconazole, thiabendazole, fluazinam, fludioxonil, mefenoxam, Sedaxane. For foliar applications using compounds of formula I on sugar cane, the following mixing partners are of particular interest: insecticides selected from thiamethoxam, Lambda cyhalothrin, spirotetramat, spinetoran, chlorantraniliprole, lufenuron; optionally with fungicides selected from N-[9-(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide [CAS 1072957-71-1], azoxystrobin, cyproconazole, protioconazole. Combinations with glyphosate are also of interest. 
     Particular combinations of interest for sugar cane, particularly on sugar cane propogation material such as buds, include a compound of formula I with thiamethoxam and abamectin, a compound of formula I with thiamethoxam and cyantraniliprole, a compound of formula I with thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole. Further combinations of particular interestfor sugar cane include a compound of formula I+thiamethoxam+abamectin+mefenoxam+fludioxonil+azoxystrobin+thiabendazole; a compound of formula I+abamectin+mefenoxam+fludioxonil+azoxystrobin+thiabendazole, a compound of formula I+thiamethoxam+mefenoxam+fludioxonil+azoxystrobin+thiabendazole, a compound of formula I+thiamethoxam+abamectin+mefenoxam+fludioxonil+azoxystrobin+thiabendazole, a compound of formula I+thiamethoxam+abamectin+fludioxonil+azoxystrobin+thiabendazole, a compound of formula I+thiamethoxam+abamectin+mefenoxam+azoxystrobin+thiabendazole, a compound of formula I+thiamethoxam+abamectin+mefenoxam+fludioxonil+thiabendazole, a compound of formula I+thiamethoxam+abamectin+mefenoxam+fludioxonil+azoxystrobin. Example of ratios are below. 
     The amount of a combination of the invention to be applied, will depend on various factors, such as the compounds employed; the subject of the treatment, such as, for example plants, soil or seeds; the type of treatment, such as, for example spraying, dusting or seed dressing; the purpose of the treatment, such as, for example prophylactic or therapeutic; the type of pest to be controlled or the application time. 
     The mixtures comprising a compound of formula I, e.g. those selected from table A, and one or more active ingredients as described above can be applied, for example, in a single “ready-mix” form, in a combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active ingredient components, such as a “tank-mix”, and in a combined use of the single active ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, i.e. one after the other with a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days. The order of applying the compounds of formula I selected from table A and the active ingredients as described above is not essential for working the present invention. 
     The synergistic activity of the combination is apparent from the fact that the pesticidal activity of the composition of A+B is greater than the sum of the pesticidal activities of A and B. 
     The method of the invention comprises applying to the useful plants, the locus thereof or propagation material thereof in admixture or separately, a synergistically effective aggregate amount of a component A and a component B. 
     Some of said combinations according to the invention have a systemic action and can be used as foliar, soil and seed treatment pesticides. 
     With the combinations according to the invention it is possible to inhibit or destroy the pests which occur in plants or in parts of plants (fruit, blossoms, leaves, stems, tubers, roots) in different useful plants, while at the same time the parts of plants which grow later are also protected from attack by pests. 
     The compound of formula I are understood to represent a new mode of action. Accordingly, it may be noted that compounds of formula I may be used to control acarides, insects and nematodes, preferably insects, that are resistant to active ingredients having other modes of action, e.g. it may be included in resistant management programs. 
     The combinations of the present invention are of particular interest for controlling pests in various useful plants or their seeds, especially in field crops such as potatoes, tobacco and sugarbeets, and wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, maize, lawns, cotton, soybeans, oil seed rape, pulse crops, sunflower, coffee, sugarcane, fruit and ornamentals in horticulture and viticulture, in vegetables such as cucumbers, beans and cucurbits. 
     The combinations according to the invention are applied by treating the pests, the useful plants, the locus thereof, the propagation material thereof, the natural substances of plant and/or animal origin, which have been taken from the natural life cycle, and/or their processed forms, or the industrial materials threatened by pests, attack with a combination of components A and B in a synergistically effective amount. 
     The combinations according to the invention may be applied before or after infection or contamination of the useful plants, the propagation material thereof, the natural substances of plant and/or animal origin, which have been taken from the natural life cycle, and/or their processed forms, or the industrial materials by the pests. 
     The combinations according to the invention can be used for controlling, i.e. containing or destroying, pests of the abovementioned type which occur on useful plants in agriculture, in horticulture and in forests, or on organs of useful plants, such as fruits, flowers, foliage, stalks, tubers or roots, and in some cases even on organs of useful plants which are formed at a later point in time remain protected against these pests. 
     When applied to the useful plants the compound of formula I is generally applied at a rate of 1 to 500 g a.i./ha in association with 1 to 2000 g a.i./ha, of a compound of component B, depending on the class of chemical employed as component B. 
     Generally for plant propagation material, such as seed treatment, application rates can vary from 0.001 to 10 g/kg of seeds of active ingredients. When the combinations of the present invention are used for treating seed, rates of 0.001 to 5 g of a compound of formula I per kg of seed, preferably from 0.01 to 1 g per kg of seed, and 0.001 to 5 g of a compound of component B, per kg of seed, preferably from 0.01 to 1 g per kg of seed, are generally sufficient. 
     The weight ratio of A to B may generally be between 1000:1 and 1:1000. In other embodiments that weight ratio of A to B may be between 500:1 to 1:500, for example between 100:1 to 1:100, for example between 1:50 to 50:1, for example 1:20 to 20:1. Other embodiments of weight ratios of component (B) to component (A) range from 500:1 to 1:250, with one embodiment being from 200:1 to 1:150, another embodiment being from 150:1 to 1:50 and another embodiment being from 50:1 to 1:10. Also of note are weight ratios of component (B) to component (A) which range from 450:1 to 1:300, with one embodiment being from 150:1 to 1:100, another embodiment being from 30:1 to 1:25 and another embodiment being from 10:1 to 1:10. Other embodiments include 1:5 to 5:1, for example 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 
     The invention also provides pesticidal mixtures comprising a combination of components A and B as mentioned above in a synergistically effective amount, together with an agriculturally acceptable carrier, and optionally a surfactant. 
       Spodoptera  preferably means  Spodoptera littoralis. Heliothis  preferably means  Heliothis virescens. Tetranychus  preferably means  Tetranychus urticae.    
     The compositions of the invention may be employed in any conventional form, for example in the form of a twin pack, a powder for dry seed treatment (DS), an emulsion for seed treatment (ES), a flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS) (e.g. with high active ingredient concentration), a solution for seed treatment (LS), a water dispersible powder for seed treatment (WS), a capsule suspension for seed treatment (CF), a gel for seed treatment (GF), an emulsion concentrate (EC), a suspension concentrate (SC), a suspo-emulsion (SE), a capsule suspension (CS), a water dispersible granule (WG), an emulsifiable granule (EG), an emulsion, water in oil (EO), an emulsion, oil in water (EW), a micro-emulsion (ME), an oil dispersion (OD), an oil miscible flowable (OF), an oil miscible liquid (OL), a soluble concentrate (SL), an ultra-low volume suspension (SU), an ultra-low volume liquid (UL), a technical concentrate (TK), a dispersible concentrate (DC), a wettable powder (WP), a soluble granule (SG) or any technically feasible formulation in combination with agriculturally acceptable adjuvants. 
     Such compositions may be produced in conventional manner, e.g. by mixing the active ingredients with appropriate formulation inerts (diluents, solvents, fillers and optionally other formulating ingredients such as surfactants, biocides, anti-freeze, stickers, thickeners and compounds that provide adjuvancy effects). Also conventional slow release formulations may be employed where long lasting efficacy is intended. Particularly formulations to be applied in spraying forms, such as water dispersible concentrates (e.g. EC, SC, DC, OD, SE, EW, EO and the like), wettable powders and granules, may contain surfactants such as wetting and dispersing agents and other compounds that provide adjuvancy effects, e.g. the condensation product of formaldehyde with naphthalene sulphonate, an alkylarylsulphonate, a lignin sulphonate, a fatty alkyl sulphate, and ethoxylated alkylphenol and an ethoxylated fatty alcohol. 
     A seed dressing formulation is applied in a manner known per se to the seeds employing the combination of the invention and a diluent in suitable seed dressing formulation form, e.g. as an aqueous suspension or in a dry powder form having good adherence to the seeds. Such seed dressing formulations are known in the art. Seed dressing formulations may contain the single active ingredients or the combination of active ingredients in encapsulated form, e.g. as slow release capsules or microcapsules. A typical a tank-mix formulation for seed treatment application comprises 0.25 to 80%, especially 1 to 75%, of the desired ingredients, and 99.75 to 20%, especially 99 to 25%, of a solid or liquid auxiliaries (including, for example, a solvent such as water), where the auxiliaries can be a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 40%, especially 0.5 to 30%, based on the tank-mix formulation. A typical pre-mix formulation for seed treatment application comprises 0.5 to 99.9%, especially 1 to 95%, of the desired ingredients, and 99.5 to 0.1%, especially 99 to 5%, of a solid or liquid adjuvant (including, for example, a solvent such as water), where the auxiliaries can be a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 50%, especially 0.5 to 40%, based on the pre-mix formulation. 
     The rates of application of a plant propagation material treatment varies, for example, according to type of use, type of crop, the specific compound(s) and/or agent(s) used, and type of plant propagation material. The suitable rate is an effective amount to provide the desired action (such as disease or pest control) and can be determined by trials and routine experimentation known to one of ordinary skill in the art. 
     Generally for soil treatments, application rates can vary from 0.05 to 3 kg per hectare (g/ha) of ingredients. Generally for seed treatments, application rates can vary from 0.5 to 1000 g/100 kg of seeds of ingredients. 
     In general, the formulations include from 0.01 to 90% by weight of active agent, from 0 to 20% agriculturally acceptable surfactant and 10 to 99.99% solid or liquid formulation inerts and adjuvant(s), the active agent consisting of at least the compound of formula I together with a compound of component B, and optionally other active agents, particularly microbiocides or conservatives or the like. Concentrated forms of compositions generally contain in between about 2 and 80%, preferably between about 5 and 70% by weight of active agent. Application forms of formulation may for example contain from 0.01 to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 5% by weight of active agent. Whereas commercial products will preferably be formulated as concentrates, the end user will normally employ diluted formulations. 
    
    
     FORMULATION EXAMPLES 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Powders for dry seed treatment 
                 a) 
                 b) 
                 c) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 active ingredients 
                 25% 
                 50% 
                 75% 
               
               
                   
                 light mineral oil 
                  5% 
                  5% 
                  5% 
               
               
                   
                 highly dispersed silicic acid 
                  5% 
                  5% 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Kaolin 
                 65% 
                 40% 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Talcum 
                 — 
                   
                 20 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The combination is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording powders that can be used directly for seed treatment. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Dusts 
                 a) 
                 b) 
                 c) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Active ingredients 
                  5% 
                  6% 
                  4% 
               
               
                   
                 Talcum 
                 95% 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Kaolin 
                 — 
                 94% 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 mineral filler 
                 — 
                 — 
                 96% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Ready-for-use dusts are obtained by mixing the combination with the carrier and grinding the mixture in a suitable mill. Such powders can also be used for dry dressings for seed. 
     Suspension Concentrate 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 active ingredients 
                 40% 
                   
               
               
                   
                 propylene glycol 
                 10% 
               
               
                   
                 nonylphenol polyethylene glycol ether (15 mol of 
                 6% 
               
               
                   
                 ethylene oxide) 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium lignosulfonate 
                 10% 
               
               
                   
                 carboxymethylcellulose 
                 1% 
               
               
                   
                 silicone oil (in the form of a 75% emulsion in water) 
                 1% 
               
               
                   
                 Water 
                 32% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The finely ground combination is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water. Using such dilutions, seeds can be treated and protected against infestation by spraying, pouring or immersion. 
     Flowable Concentrate for Seed Treatment 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 active ingredients 
                 40% 
                   
               
               
                 propylene glycol 
                 5% 
               
               
                 copolymer butanol PO/EO 
                 2% 
               
               
                 Tristyrenephenole with 10-20 moles EO 
                 2% 
               
               
                 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (in the form of a 20% 
                 0.5% 
               
               
                 solution in water) 
               
               
                 monoazo-pigment calcium salt 
                 5% 
               
               
                 Silicone oil (in the form of a 75% emulsion in water) 
                 0.2% 
               
               
                 Water 
                 45.3% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The finely ground combination is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water. Using such dilutions, seeds can be treated and protected against infestation by spraying, pouring or immersion. 
     The invention further pertains to a product for use in agriculture or horticulture comprising a capsule wherein at least a seed treated with the inventive compound is located. In another embodiment, the product comprises a capsule wherein at least a treated or untreated seed and the inventive compound are located. 
     Slow Release Capsule Suspension 
     28 parts of the inventive compound are mixed with 2 parts of an aromatic solvent and 7 parts of toluene diisocyanate/polymethylene-polyphenylisocyanate-mixture (8:1). This mixture is emulsified in a mixture of 1.2 parts of polyvinylalcohol, 0.05 parts of a defoamer and 51.6 parts of water until the desired particle size is achieved. To this emulsion a mixture of 2.8 parts 1,6-diaminohexane in 5.3 parts of water is added. The mixture is agitated until the polymerization reaction is completed. The obtained capsule suspension is stabilized by adding 0.25 parts of a thickener and 3 parts of a dispersing agent. The capsule suspension formulation contains 28% of the active ingredient. The medium capsule diameter is 8-15 microns. The resulting formulation is applied to seeds as an aqueous suspension in a suitable apparatus. 
     EXAMPLES 
     The Examples in PCT/EP2010/068605, incorporated herein by reference, demonstrates that compounds of formula I have insecticidal activity. 
     A synergistic effect exists whenever the action of an active ingredient combination is greater than the sum of the actions of the individual components. 
     The action to be expected E for a given active ingredient combination obeys the so-called COLBY formula and can be calculated as follows (COLBY, S. R. “Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combination”. Weeds, Vol. 15, pages 20-22; 1967): 
     ppm=milligrams of active ingredient (=a.i.) per liter of spray mixture 
     X=% action by active ingredient A) using p ppm of active ingredient 
     Y=% action by active ingredient B) using q ppm of active ingredient. 
     According to COLBY, the expected (additive) action of active ingredients A)+B) using p+q ppm of active ingredient is 
     
       
         
           
             E 
             = 
             
               X 
               + 
               Y 
               - 
               
                 
                   X 
                   · 
                   Y 
                 
                 100 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     If the action actually observed (O) is greater than the expected action (E), then the action of the combination is super-additive, i.e. there is a synergistic effect. In mathematical terms the synergism factor SF corresponds to O/E. In the agricultural practice an SF of ≧1.2 indicates significant improvement over the purely complementary addition of activities (expected activity), while an SF of ≦0.9 in the practical application routine signals a loss of activity compared to the expected activity. 
     Tables 1 to 3 show mixtures of the present invention demonstrating notable synergistic effects. As the percent of mortality cannot exceed 100 percent, the unexpected increase in insecticidal activity can be greatest only when the separate active ingredient components alone are at application rates providing considerably less than 100 percent control. Synergy may not be evident at low application rates where the individual active ingredient components alone have little activity. However, in some instances high activity was observed for combinations wherein individual active ingredient alone at the same application rate had essentially no activity. The synergism is remarkable. 
       Tetranychus urticae  (Two Spotted Spider Mite) 
     (Contact/Feeding Activity) 
     Bean plants are infested with mite populations of mixed ages. 1 day after infestation, plants are treated in a spray chamber with diluted test solutions. 1 and 8 days later, samples are checked for adult mortality. 2 replicates per treatment were evaluated. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Mixtures of compound A58 and thiamethoxam 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 A58 
                 TMX 
                 A58 + TMX 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Application 
                 observed 
                 observed 
                 oberved 
                 expected 
               
               
                   
                 ppm 
                 control % 
                 control % 
                 control % 
                 control % 
                 difference 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 A58 + TMX 
                 0.4 + 200 
                 80 
                 0 
                 85 
                 80 
                 +5 
               
               
                 A58 + TMX 
                 0.2 + 200 
                 40 
                 0 
                 40 
                 40 
                 0 
               
               
                 A58 + TMX 
                 0.2 + 100 
                 40 
                 0 
                 65 
                 40 
                 +25 
               
               
                 A58 + TMX 
                 0.1 + 400 
                 0 
                 0 
                 50 
                 0 
                 +50 
               
               
                 A58 + TMX 
                 0.1 + 200 
                 0 
                 0 
                 25 
                 0 
                 +25 
               
               
                 A58 + TMX 
                 0.1 + 50  
                 0 
                 0 
                 25 
                 0 
                 +25 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Mixtures of compound A58 and lambda cyhalothrin 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 A58 
                 LCYH 
                 A58 + LCYH 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Application 
                 observed 
                 observed 
                 oberved 
                 expected 
               
               
                   
                 ppm 
                 control % 
                 control % 
                 control % 
                 control % 
                 difference 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                  0.4 + 25 
                 80 
                 80 
                 95 
                 96 
                 −1 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                  0.2 + 12.5 
                 40 
                 75 
                 100 
                 85 
                 +15 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                  0.2 + 25 
                 40 
                 80 
                 95 
                 88 
                 +7 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                     0.1 + 100 
                 0 
                 95 
                 95 
                 95 
                 0 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                  0.1 + 50 
                 0 
                 85 
                 95 
                 85 
                 +10 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                  0.1 + 25 
                 0 
                 80 
                 90 
                 80 
                 +10 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                  0.1 + 12.5 
                 0 
                 75 
                 90 
                 75 
                 +15 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                  0.1 + 6.25 
                 0 
                 25 
                 60 
                 25 
                 +35 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                 0.05 + 50  
                 0 
                 85 
                 95 
                 85 
                 +10 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                 0.05 + 25  
                 0 
                 80 
                 85 
                 80 
                 +5 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                  0.05 + 3.125 
                 0 
                 0 
                 75 
                 0 
                 +75 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                  0.05 + 12.5 
                 0 
                 75 
                 75 
                 75 
                 0 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                  0.05 + 6.25 
                 0 
                 25 
                 75 
                 25 
                 +50 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                 0.025 + 25     
                 0 
                 80 
                 85 
                 80 
                 +5 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                 0.025 + 12.5 
                 0 
                 75 
                 85 
                 75 
                 +10 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                 0.025 + 6.25 
                 0 
                 25 
                 60 
                 25 
                 +35 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                  0.025 + 3.125 
                 0 
                 0 
                 55 
                 0 
                 +55 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                  0.025 + 1.562 
                 0 
                 0 
                 25 
                 0 
                 +25 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                 0.0125 + 12.5  
                 0 
                 75 
                 75 
                 75 
                 0 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                 0.0125 + 6.25  
                 0 
                 25 
                 75 
                 25 
                 +50 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                 0.0125 + 3.125 
                 0 
                 0 
                 65 
                 0 
                 +65 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                 0.0062 + 1.562 
                 0 
                 0 
                 45 
                 0 
                 +45 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                 0.0062 + 3.125 
                 0 
                 0 
                 15 
                 0 
                 +15 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                 0.0031 + 1.562 
                 0 
                 0 
                 15 
                 0 
                 +15 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                 0.0031 + 0.781 
                 0 
                 0 
                 30 
                 0 
                 +30 
               
               
                 A58 + LCYH 
                 0.006 + 6.25 
                 0 
                 25 
                 25 
                 25 
                 0 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Mixtures of compound A58 and diafenthiuron 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 A58 
                 DFN 
                 A58 + DFN 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Application 
                 observed 
                 observed 
                 oberved 
                 expected 
               
               
                   
                 ppm 
                 control % 
                 control % 
                 control % 
                 control % 
                 difference 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 A58 + DFN 
                  0.4 + 25 
                 85 
                 95 
                 95 
                 99.25 
                 −4.25 
               
               
                 A58 + DFN 
                  0.2 + 25 
                 60 
                 95 
                 90 
                 98 
                 −8 
               
               
                 A58 + DFN 
                  0.2 + 12.5 
                 60 
                 60 
                 90 
                 84 
                 +6 
               
               
                 A58 + DFN 
                  0.1 + 25 
                 0 
                 95 
                 80 
                 95 
                 −15 
               
               
                 A58 + DFN 
                  0.1 + 12.5 
                 0 
                 60 
                 75 
                 60 
                 +15 
               
               
                 A58 + DFN 
                  0.1 + 6.25 
                 0 
                 25 
                 25 
                 25 
                 0 
               
               
                 A58 + DFN 
                 0.05 + 25  
                 0 
                 95 
                 90 
                 95 
                 −5 
               
               
                 A58 + DFN 
                  0.05 + 12.5 
                 0 
                 60 
                 80 
                 60 
                 +20 
               
               
                 A58 + DFN 
                  0.05 + 6.25 
                 0 
                 25 
                 70 
                 25 
                 +45 
               
               
                 A58 + DFN 
                  0.05 + 3.125 
                 0 
                 0 
                 40 
                 0 
                 +40 
               
               
                 A58 + DFN 
                 0.025 + 25     
                 0 
                 95 
                 85 
                 95 
                 −10 
               
               
                 A58 + DFN 
                 0.025 + 12.5 
                 0 
                 60 
                 75 
                 60 
                 +15 
               
               
                 A58 + DFN 
                 0.025 + 6.25 
                 0 
                 25 
                 35 
                 25 
                 +10 
               
               
                 A58 + DFN 
                  0.025 + 3.125 
                 0 
                 0 
                 65 
                 0 
                 +65 
               
               
                 A58 + DFN 
                  0.025 + 1.562 
                 0 
                 0 
                 25 
                 0 
                 +25 
               
               
                 A58 + DFN 
                 0.0125 + 12.5  
                 0 
                 60 
                 80 
                 60 
                 +20 
               
               
                 A58 + DFN 
                 0.0125 + 6.25  
                 0 
                 25 
                 90 
                 25 
                 +65 
               
               
                 A58 + DFN 
                 0.0125 + 3.125 
                 0 
                 0 
                 25 
                 0 
                 +25 
               
               
                 A58 + DFN 
                 0.0125 + 1.562 
                 0 
                 0 
                 15 
                 0 
                 +15 
               
               
                 A58 + DFN 
                 0.0062 + 6.25  
                 0 
                 25 
                 25 
                 25 
                 0 
               
               
                 A58 + DFN 
                 0.0062 + 3.125 
                 0 
                 0 
                 65 
                 0 
                 +65 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In the above tables column 2 shows the application rates used, where the first rate given corresponds to the compound in column 3 and the second rate given corresponds to the compound in column 4 Columns 3 and 4 show the control observed from the compounds alone. Column 5 shows the control observed from the combined application of both compounds. Data is not shown for experiments where there was no insect mortality when the compounds were applied alone and in combination. When a compound applied alone gave no control at a particular rate, it is assumed that lower rates of that compound alone also give no control.