Patent Publication Number: US-11657575-B2

Title: Generating augmented reality content based on third-party content

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Applications executed by client devices may be used to generate content. For example, client applications may be used to generate messaging content, image content, video content, audio content, media overlays, documents, creative works, combinations thereof, and the like. In various situations, client applications may combine content from multiple sources to produce a modified version of the original content. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numerals may describe similar components in different views. To easily identify the discussion of any particular element or act, the most significant digit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number in which that element is first introduced. Some implementations are illustrated by way of example, and not limitation. 
         FIG.  1    is a diagrammatic representation of an architecture for exchanging data (e.g., messages and associated content) over a network, according to one or more example implementations. 
         FIG.  2    is a diagrammatic representation of a system, in accordance with some examples, that may have both client-side and server-side functionality. 
         FIG.  3    is a schematic diagram illustrating data that may be stored in a database of a server system, according to one or more example implementations. 
         FIG.  4    is a schematic diagram illustrating an example framework for content that may be generated by a client application, in accordance with one or more example implementations. 
         FIG.  5    is a diagrammatic representation illustrating an architecture to generate augmented reality content using third-party content, in accordance with one or more example implementations. 
         FIG.  6    is a flowchart illustrating example operations to generate augmented reality content using third-party content, according to one or more example implementations. 
         FIG.  7    is a flowchart illustrating example operations to prepare third-party content for use in generating augmented reality content, according to one or more example implementations. 
         FIG.  8    is an illustration of a user interface that includes a first section including third-party content and a second section including a field of view of a camera that is modified according to the third-party content, according to one or more example implementations. 
         FIG.  9    is an illustration of a user interface to share content generated by combining third-party content with user content, according to one or more example implementations. 
         FIG.  10    is a block diagram illustrating components of a machine, in the form of a computer system, that may read and execute instructions from one or more machine-readable media to perform any one or more methodologies described herein, in accordance with one or more example implementations. 
         FIG.  11    is block diagram illustrating a representative software architecture that may be used in conjunction with one or more hardware architectures described herein, in accordance with one or more example implementations. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Third parties may provide content to service providers that can be provided to users of technology platforms offered by the service providers. For example, a service provider may offer a social networking services via a social networking platform and third parties may provide content that is accessible to users of the social networking platform. Additionally, a service provider may offer messaging services via a messaging platform and third parties may provide content that is accessible to users of the messaging platform. In at least some examples, the third-party content may include advertisements. In various examples, the advertisements may be directed to products that may be purchased via the technology platform offered by the service provider. 
     In existing systems, users of a technology platform are typically unable to personalize third-party content. In scenarios related to advertisements, users may be unable to visualize how a product being advertised may look in relation to a given location or how a product may look on the user. Users may be more hesitant to purchase products in situations where the users are unable to visualize a personalized appearance of the product. In addition, users of a technology platform may want to re-create a look or scene shown in a third-party advertisement. However, existing systems are unable to modify third-party content in a way that is specific to a given user. 
     The systems, methods, techniques, instruction sequences, and computing machine program products described herein are directed to generating augmented reality content based on third-party content. In one or more examples, third-party content may be personalized with respect to a user of a client application. In various examples, augmented reality content may be generated based on the third-party content and then applied to at least one image of a user of the client application. To illustrate, the client application may generate a user interface that includes a first section that includes third-party content and a second section that includes content captured in a field of view of a camera of a client device executing the client application. Objects included in the third-party content may be matched with objects included in the field of view of the camera. Additionally, effects, such as visual effects or audio effects, that are related to the third-party content may be reproduced with respect to the content captured in the field of view of the camera. In one or more illustrative examples, augmented reality content that corresponds to the effects of the third-party content may be applied to content captured in the camera field of view. At least one of image content, video content, or audio content may be produced that includes the augmented reality content applied to at least a portion of the content captured in the camera field of view. 
     In one or more illustrative examples, third-party content may include one or more beauty products, such as lipstick, eyeshadow, various types of makeup, and the like. The third-party content may include at least one of image content, video content, or audio content related to the one or more beauty products. In these scenarios, the third-party content may be displayed in a first section of a user interface produced by a client application. In addition, content captured in the field of view of a camera of a client device executing the client application may be displayed in a second section of the user interface. In various examples, the content captured in the camera field of view may include or be related to one or more objects that are included in the third-party content. For example, in one or more scenarios where third-party content is directed to eye shadow, the content captured in the camera field of view may show an eye of the user of the client device. Augmented reality content may be generated that corresponds to the one or more beauty products. To illustrate, continuing with the example where the third-party content is related to eye shadow, augmented reality content may be generated that has a color and a pattern that correspond to the color and pattern of the eye shadow included in the third-party content. The augmented reality content may then be applied to the portion of the content captured in the field of view shown in the second section of the user interface. In one or more examples, the augmented reality content may be an overlay that is placed over a portion of content included in the field of view. For example, the augmented reality content may be an eye shadow color and pattern that is overlaid over a portion of a face of the user that is located around an eye of the user. 
     Additionally, at least one of image content or video content may be generated that includes the portion of the content captured in the camera field of view that includes an object related to the third-party content overlaid with the augmented reality content. Also continuing with the example from above, image content may be generated that includes an eye of a user and a portion of the face of the user around the eye with an overlay including a color and pattern of eye shadow that corresponds to the third-party content. In one or more implementations, the content corresponding to a modified version of the content captured in the field of view of the camera based on the third-party content may be shared by the user with one or more additional users of the client application. In one or more examples, the user may send a message to one or more additional users of the client application that includes the modified cameral field of view content based on the third-party content. Further, the user may share the modified camera field of view content based on the third-party content via a social networking platform of the client application. 
     Accordingly, the systems, methods, techniques, instruction sequences, and computing machine program products described herein provide various implementations to enhance image content or video content captured by a camera of a client device with augmented reality content that is based on third-party content. In this way, the third-party content may be customized with respect to a user of the client application by modifying image content or video content that includes at least a portion of a user or the environment of the user to correspond to effects included in the third-party content. In this way, users of the client application are more likely to adopt, consume, or purchase one or more objects included in the third-party content than existing systems that do not enable the customization of third-party content using augmented reality content. 
       FIG.  1    is a diagrammatic representation of an architecture  100  for exchanging data (e.g., messages and associated content) over a network. The architecture  100  may include multiple client devices  102 . The client devices  102  may individually comprise, but are not limited to, a mobile phone, a desktop computer, a laptop computing device, a portable digital assistant (PDA), smart phone, tablet computing device, ultrabook, netbook, multi-processor system, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronic system, game console, set-top box, computer in a vehicle, a wearable device, one or more combinations thereof, or any other communication device that a user may utilize to access one or more components included in the architecture  100 . 
     Each client device  102  may host a number of applications, including a client application  104  and one or more third-party applications  106 . A user may use the client application  104  to create content, such as video, images (e.g., photographs), audio, and media overlays. In one or more illustrative examples, the client application  104  may include a social networking functionality that enables users to create and exchange content. In various examples, the client application  104  may include messaging functionality that may be used to send messages between instances of the client application  104  executed by various client devices  102 . The messages created using the client application  104  may include video, one or more images, audio, media overlays, text, content produced using one or more creative tools, annotations, and the like. In one or more implementations, the client application  104  may be used to view and generate interactive messages, view locations of other users of the client application  104  on a map, chat with other users of the client application  104 , and so forth. 
     One or more users may be a person, a machine, or other means of interacting with a client device, such as the client device  102 . In example implementations, the user may not be part of the architecture  100  but may interact with one or more components of the architecture  100  via a client device  102  or other means. In various examples, users may provide input (e.g., touch screen input or alphanumeric input) to a client device  102  and the input may be communicated to other entities in the architecture  100 . In this instance, the other entities in the architecture  100 , responsive to the user input, may communicate information to a client device  102  to be presented to the users. In this way, users may interact with the various entities in the architecture  100  using the client device  102 . 
     Each instance of the client application  104  is able to communicate and exchange data with at least one of another instance of the client application  104 , one or more third-party applications  106 , or a server system  108 . The data exchanged between instances of the client applications  104 , between the third-party applications  106 , and between instances of the client application  104  and the server system  108  includes functions (e.g., commands to invoke functions) and payload data (e.g., text, audio, image, video, or other multimedia data). Data exchanged between instances of the client applications  104 , between the third-party applications  106 , and between at least one instance of the client application  104  and at least one third-party application  106  may be exchanged directly from an instance of an application executed by a client device  102  and an instance of an application executed by an additional client device  102 . Further, data exchanged between the client applications  104 , between the third-party applications  106 , and between at least one client application  104  and at least one third-party application  106  may be communicated indirectly (e.g., via one or more intermediate servers) from an instance of an application executed by a client device  102  to another instance of an application executed by an additional client device  102 . In one or more illustrative examples, the one or more intermediate servers used in indirect communications between applications may be included in the server system  108 . 
     The third-party application(s)  106  may be separate and distinct from the client application  104 . The third-party application(s)  106  may be downloaded and installed by the client device  102  separately from the client application  104 . In various implementations, the third-party application(s)  106  may be downloaded and installed by the client device  102  before or after the client application  104  is downloaded and installed. The third-party application(s)  106  may be an application that is provided by an entity or organization that is different from the entity or organization that provides the client application  104 . The third-party application(s)  106  may be accessed by the client device  102  using separate login credentials than the client application  104 . Namely, the third-party application(s)  106  may maintain a first user account and the client application  104  may maintain a second user account. In one or more implementations, the third-party application(s)  106  may be accessed by the client device  102  to perform various activities and interactions, such as listening to music, videos, track exercises, view graphical elements (e.g., stickers), communicate with other users, and so forth. As an example, the third-party application(s)  106  may include a social networking application, a dating application, a ride or car sharing application, a shopping application, a trading application, a gaming application, an imaging application, a music application, a video browsing application, an exercise tracking application, a health monitoring application, a graphical element or sticker browsing application, or any other suitable application. 
     The server system  108  provides server-side functionality via one or more networks  110  to the client application  104 . The server system  108  may be a cloud computing environment, according to some example implementations. For example, the server system  108 , and one or more servers associated with the server system  108 , may be associated with a cloud-based application, in one illustrative example. In one or more implementations, the client device  102  and the server system  108  may be coupled via the one or more networks  110 . 
     The server system  108  supports various services and operations that are provided to the client application  104 . Such operations include transmitting data to, receiving data from, and processing data generated by the client application  104 . This data may include message content, media content, client device information, geolocation information, media annotation and overlays, message content persistence conditions, social network information, and live event information, as examples. Data exchanges within the architecture  100  are invoked and controlled through functions available via user interfaces (UIs) of the client application  104 . 
     While certain functions of the architecture  100  are described herein as being performed by either a client application  104  or by the server system  108 , the location of functionality either within the client application  104  or the server system  108  is a design choice. For example, it may be technically preferable to initially deploy certain technology and functionality within the server system  108 , but to later migrate this technology and functionality to the client application  104  where a client device  102  has a sufficient processing capacity. 
     The server system  108  includes an Application Programming Interface (API) server  112  that is coupled to, and provides a programmatic interface to, an application server  114 . The application server  114  is communicatively coupled to a database server  116  that facilitates access to one or more databases  118 . The one or more databases  118  may store data associated with information processed by the application server  114 . The one or more databases  118  may be storage devices that store information such as untreated media content, original media content from users (e.g., high-quality media content), processed media content (e.g., media content that is formatted for sharing with client devices  102  and viewing on client devices  102 ), context data related to a media content item, context data related to a user device (e.g., a computing or client device  102 ), media overlays, media overlay smart widgets or smart elements, user data, user device information, media content (e.g., video and images), media content data (e.g., data associated with video and images), computing device context data, serialized data, session data items, user device location data, mapping information, interactive message usage data, interactive message metrics data, and so forth. The one or more databases  118  may further store information related to third-party servers, client devices  102 , client applications  104 , users, third-party applications  106 , and so forth. 
     The API server  112  receives and transmits data (e.g., commands and message payloads) between client devices  102  and the application server  114 . Specifically, the Application Program Interface (API) server  112  provides a set of interfaces (e.g., routines and protocols) that can be called or queried by the client application  104  in order to invoke functionality of the application server  114 . The Application Program Interface (API) server  112  exposes various functions supported by the application server  114 , including account registration, login functionality, the sending of messages, via the application server  114 , from one instance of the client application  104  to another instance of the client application  104 , the sending of media files (e.g., images, audio, video) from a client application  104  to the application server  114 , and for possible access by another client application  104 , the setting of a collection of media content (e.g., a gallery, story, message collection, or media collection), the retrieval of a list of friends of a user of a client device  102 , the retrieval of such collections, the retrieval of messages and content, the adding and deletion of friends to a social graph, the location of friends within a social graph, and opening an application event (e.g., relating to the client application  104 ). 
     The server system  108  may also include a web server  120 . The web server  120  is coupled to the application servers  114 , and provides web-based interfaces to the application servers  114 . To this end, the web server  120  processes incoming network requests over the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and several other related protocols. 
     The application server  114  hosts a number of applications and subsystems, including a messaging application system  122 , a media content processing system  124 , a social network system  126 , and an augmented reality content generating system  128 . The messaging application system  122  implements a number of message processing technologies and functions, particularly related to the aggregation and other processing of content (e.g., textual and multimedia content) included in messages received from multiple instances of the client application  104 . For example, the messaging application system  122  may deliver messages using electronic mail (email), instant messaging (IM), Short Message Service (SMS), text, facsimile, or voice (e.g., Voice over IP (VoIP)) messages via wired networks (e.g., the Internet), plain old telephone service (POTS), or wireless networks (e.g., mobile, cellular, WIFI, Long Term Evolution (LTE), or Bluetooth). The messaging application system  122  may aggregate text and media content from multiple sources into collections of content. These collections are then made available, by the messaging application system  122 , to the client application  104 . Other processor- and memory-intensive processing of data may also be performed server-side by the messaging application system  122 , in view of the hardware requirements for such processing. 
     The media content processing system  124  is dedicated to performing various media content processing operations, typically with respect to images, audio, or video received within the payload of a message or other content item at the messaging application system  122 . The media content processing system  124  may access one or more data storages (e.g., the database(s)  118 ) to retrieve stored data to use in processing media content and to store results of processed media content. 
     The social network system  126  supports various social networking functions and services, and makes these functions and services available to the messaging application system  122 . To this end, the social network system  126  maintains and accesses an entity graph within the database(s)  118 . Examples of functions and services supported by the social network system  126  include the identification of other users of the client application  104  with which a particular user has relationships or is “following”, and also the identification of other entities and interests of a particular user. The social network system  126  may access location information associated with each of the user&#39;s friends or other social network connections to determine where they live or are currently located geographically. In addition, the social network system  126  may maintain a location profile for each of the user&#39;s friends indicating the geographical location where the user&#39;s friends live. 
     The augmented reality content generating system  128  may generate augmented reality content based on content received from a third-party. In one or more examples, the third-party may include a provider of goods or services. The various examples, the third-party may make goods or services available for purchase via the client application  104 . The content received from the third-party may be stored in the database(s)  118  as third-party content  130 . The third-party content  130  may include information about one or more products offered for purchase via the client application  104 . For example, the third-party content  130  may include a description of one or more products, pricing information related to one or more products, a seller of one or more products, a manufacturer of one or more products, reviews of one or more products, ratings of one or more products, image content related to one or more products, video content related to one or more products, audio content related to one or more products, or one or more combinations thereof. In one or more illustrative examples, the third-party content  130  may include an advertisement corresponding to a product offered for purchase via the client application  104 . 
     The augmented reality content generating system  128  may determine one or more objects related to the third-party content  130 . In one or more examples, the third-party providing the third-party content  130  may provide metadata indicating one or more objects and respective locations of the one or more objects included in at least one of image content or video content included in the third-party content  130 . In one or more additional examples, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may analyze the third-party content  130  to determine one or more objects included in the third-party content  130 . For example, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may implement one or more object recognition techniques to identify one or more objects included in the third-party content  130 . These can include, for example, appearance-based processes that search for features such as edges, changes in lighting or color, or changes in shape or size. Various other techniques utilize gradient generation and matching or histogram analysis for object recognition. Other techniques include feature-based techniques, such as may utilize interpretation trees, geometric hashing, or invariance analysis. Moreover, techniques such as scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) or speeded up robust features (SURF) techniques can also be used within the scope of the subject technology. In one or more illustrative examples, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may detect facial features of individuals included in the third-party content  130 . In these situations, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may implement a template matching technique, a neural network technique (e.g., using a deep neural network, or a convolutional neural network), and the like), a Fisher linear discriminant technique, a maximal rejection classifier technique, a support vector machine technique, an edge filtering technique, an edge detection technique, and the like. 
     The augmented reality content generating system  128  may store data corresponding to objects included in the third-party content  130  as objects data  132 . The objects data  132  may include one or more identifiers of one or more objects. For example, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may classify objects included in the third-party content  130 . In various examples, an object included in the third-party content  130  may be classified according to a category related to the object. An object included in the third-party content  130  may also be classified based on an amount of similarity in relation to an object included in a library of objects stored by the database(s)  118 . In one or more examples, the library of objects stored by the database(s)  118  may indicate characteristics of objects and identifiers of objects. In situations where the third-party content  130  includes facial features, the objects data  132  may indicate one or more facial features included in the third-party content  130 , such as an eye, a nose, a mouth, lips, an ear, an eyebrow, eyelashes, combinations thereof, and the like. The objects data  132  may also include location data indicating locations of one or more objects included in at least one of images or videos included in the third-party content  130 . The location data may indicate locations of pixels related to an object included in an image or video of the third-party content  130 . 
     The augmented reality content generating system  128  may also determine one or more effects that correspond to third-party content  130 . The one or more effects may include visual features included in at least one of one or more images or one or more videos included in the third-party content  130 . In addition, the one or more effects may include audio features included in audio content included in the third-party content  130 . The augmented reality content generating system  128  may store the effects included in the third-party content  130  as effects data  134 . The effects may indicate at least one of colors, shapes, shading, sizing, or textures related to objects included in the third-party content  130 . In one or more illustrative examples, the third-party content  130  may include an advertisement related to beauty products. In these scenarios, the effects may indicate changes to one or more facial features of an individual based on the application of at least one beauty product to the one or more facial features of the individual. In various examples, the third-party content  130  may include metadata indicating effects corresponding to one or more objects included in the third-party content  130 . In one or more additional examples, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may analyze the third-party content  130  to determine one or more effects corresponding to the third-party content  130 . For example, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may determine effects corresponding to one or more objects included in the third-party content  130  using one or more of appearance-based processes that search for features such as edges, changes in lighting or color, or changes in shape or size. Various other techniques may be implemented that utilize gradient generation and matching or histogram analysis for identifying effects corresponding to one or more objects included in the third-party content  130 . The effects data  134  may indicate locations of pixels corresponding to one or more effects included in the third-party content  130 . The effects data  134  may also indicate at least one of coloring, shading, size, or texture corresponding to one or more effects included in the third-party content  130 . 
     In one or more implementations, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may generate augmented reality (AR) content  136 . The AR content  136  may correspond to one or more objects included in the third-party content  130  and one or more effects included in the third-party content  130 , where the one or more effects are related to the one or more objects. In various examples, the AR content  136  may indicate transformations of at least one of image content or video content of users of the client application  104  in relation to one or more objects and one or more effects included in the third-party content  130 . For example, the AR content  136  may include transformations that change at least one of a color, shape, size, shading, or texture related to an object included in at least one of image content or video content of users of the client application  104 . In one or more illustrative examples, the AR content  136  may include one or more overlays that modify at least one of image content or video content of users of the client application  104 . 
     In one or more examples, the AR content  136  may cause one or more effects to be applied to one or more objects included in at least one of image content or video content of users of the client application  104 . In various examples, the third-party content  130  may be related to a beauty product that is applied to a face of an individual. In these scenarios, the AR content  136  may modify an image of a face of a user of the client application  104 . To illustrate, the AR content  136  may modify at least one of image content or video content captured in a field of view of a camera of a client device  102 . In one or more illustrative examples, the third-party content  130  may include an advertisement for a beauty product that alters an appearance of a face of an individual. Continuing with this example, the AR content  136  may modify at least one of image content or video content to recreate the appearance of the face of the individual included in the third-party content with respect to a face of a user of the client application  104  captured in a field of view of a camera of the client device  102 . 
     Additionally, the database(s)  118  may also store modified user content  138 . The modified user content  138  may include content of users of the client application  104  that has been modified according to the AR content  136 . For example, a user of the client application  104  may access the third-party content  130 . In addition, the user may provide an indication to customize the third-party content  130 , such that the user may obtain content that is related to the third-party content  130  and that is within a context that is familiar to the user. The customization of content with respect to the user may include applying the AR content  136  to at least one of image content or video content captured by at least one camera of the client device  102 . In one or more illustrative examples, the third-party content  130  may include clothing and the AR content  136  may modify camera field of view content obtained via the client device  102  of the user, such that is appears that the user is wearing the clothing. Further, the user may cause the client application  104  to generate at least one of image content or video content that shows the user wearing the clothing. In this scenario, the modified user content  138  may include an image of the user wearing the clothing included in the third-party content  130 . 
     In an additional illustrative example, the third-party content  130  may include a piece of furniture and field of view of a camera of the client device  102  of a user of the client application  104  may capture an environment of the user. Continuing with this example, the AR content  136  may place the piece of furniture in a location within the environment shown in the field of view of the camera of the client device  102 . Further, modified user content  138  may be generated that includes at least one of image content or video content captured by at least one camera of the client device  102  that is modified with the piece of furniture shown in the environment of the user of the client application  104 . 
     The modified user content  138  may be shared by a user of the client application  104 . For example, a user of the client application  104  may use messaging functionality of the client application  104  to share the modified user content  138  with one or more additional users of the client application  104 . To illustrate, a user of the client application  104  may generate a message using the client application  104  that includes the modified user content  138  and send data corresponding to the message to the server system  108  with additional data that indicates one or more recipients of the message. The messaging application system  122  may then send the message including the modified user content  138  to one or more client devices  102  of the one or more recipients. The one or more recipients may then access the message using the client application  104 . Additionally, a user of the client application  104  may share the modified user content  138  using social networking functionality of the client application  104 . In one or more illustrative examples, a user of the client application  104  may generate social networking content, such as a post or message, that is accessible to one or more additional users of the client application  104  via the social networking functionality of the client application  104 . In various examples, the social network system  126  may make social networking content that includes the modified user content  138  accessible to one or more contacts of the user of the client application  104  that generated the social networking content including the modified user content  138 . 
       FIG.  2    is a block diagram illustrating further details regarding the server system  108 , according to some examples. Specifically, the server system  108  is shown to comprise the client application  104  and the application servers  114 . The server system  108  embodies a number of subsystems, which are supported on the client-side by the client application  104  and on the sever-side by the application servers  114 . These subsystems include, for example, an ephemeral timer system  202 , a collection management system  204 , an augmentation system  206 , a map system  208 , a game system  210 , and the augmented reality content generating system  128 . 
     The ephemeral timer system  202  is responsible for enforcing the temporary or time-limited access to content by the client application  104  and the messaging application system  122 . The ephemeral timer system  202  incorporates a number of timers that, based on duration and display parameters associated with a message, or collection of messages a story), selectively enable access (e.g., for presentation and display) to messages and associated content via the client application  104 . Further details regarding the operation of the ephemeral timer system  202  are provided below. 
     The collection management system  204  is responsible for managing sets or collections of media (e.g., collections of text, image video, and audio data). A collection of content (e.g., messages, including images, video, text, and audio) may be organized into an “event gallery” or an “event story.” Such a collection may be made available for a specified time period, such as the duration of an event to which the content relates. For example, content relating to a music concert may be made available as a “story” for the duration of that music concert. The collection management system  204  may also be responsible for publishing an icon that provides notification of the existence of a particular collection to the user interface of the client application  104 . 
     The collection management system  204  furthermore includes a curation interface  212  that allows a collection manager to manage and curate a particular collection of content. For example, the curation interface  212  enables an event organizer to curate a collection of content relating to a specific event (e.g., delete inappropriate content or redundant messages). Additionally, the collection management system  204  employs machine vision (or image recognition technology) and content rules to automatically curate a content collection. In certain examples, compensation may be paid to a user for the inclusion of user-generated content into a collection. In such cases, the collection management system  204  operates to automatically make payments to such users for the use of their content. 
     The augmentation system  206  provides various functions that enable a user to augment (e.g., annotate or otherwise modify or edit) media content associated with content produced via the client application  104 , such as a message. For example, the augmentation system  206  provides functions related to the generation and publishing of media overlays for content processed by the server system  108 . The augmentation system  206  operatively supplies a media overlay or augmentation (e.g., an image filter) to the client application  104  based on a geolocation of the client device  102 . In another example, the augmentation system  206  operatively supplies a media overlay to the client application  104  based on other information, such as social network information of the user of the client device  102 . A media overlay may include audio and visual content and visual effects. Examples of audio and visual content include pictures, texts, logos, animations, and sound effects. An example of a visual effect includes color overlaying. The audio and visual content or the visual effects can be applied to a media content item (e.g., a photo) at the client device  102 . For example, the media overlay may include text or image that can be overlaid on top of a photograph taken by the client device  102 . In another example, the media overlay includes an identification of a location overlay (e.g., Venice beach), a name of a live event, or a name of a merchant overlay (e.g., Beach Coffee House). In another example, the augmentation system  206  uses the geolocation of the client device  102  to identify a media overlay that includes the name of a merchant at the geolocation of the client device  102 . The media overlay may include other indicia associated with the merchant. The media overlays may be stored in the database(s)  118  and accessed through the database server(s)  116 . 
     In some examples, the augmentation system  206  provides a user-based publication platform that enables users to select a geolocation on a map and upload content associated with the selected geolocation. The user may also specify circumstances under which a particular media overlay should be offered to other users. The augmentation system  206  generates a media overlay that includes the uploaded content and associates the uploaded content with the selected geolocation. 
     In other examples, the augmentation system  206  provides a merchant-based publication platform that enables merchants to select a particular media overlay associated with a geolocation via a bidding process. For example, the augmentation system  206  associates the media overlay of the highest bidding merchant with a corresponding geolocation for a predefined amount of time. 
     The map system  208  provides various geographic location functions, and supports the presentation of map-based media content and messages by the client application  104 . For example, the map system  208  enables the display of user icons or avatars (e.g., stored in profile data  308  of  FIG.  3   ) on a map to indicate a current or past location of “friends” of a user, as well as media content (e.g., collections of messages including photographs and videos) generated by such friends, within the context of a map. For example, a message posted by a user to the server system  108  from a specific geographic location may be displayed within the context of a map at that particular location to “friends” of a specific user on a map interface of the client application  104 . A user can furthermore share his or her location and status information (e.g., using an appropriate status avatar) with other users of the server system  108  via the client application  104 , with this location and status information being similarly displayed within the context of a map interface of the client application  104  to selected users. 
     The game system  210  provides various gaming functions within the context of the client application  104 . The client application  104  provides a game interface providing a list of available games that can be launched by a user within the context of the client application  104 , and played with other users of the server system  108 . The server system  108  further enables a particular user to invite other users to participate in the play of a specific game, by issuing invitations to such other users from the client application  104 . The client application  104  also supports both the voice and text messaging (e.g., chats) within the context of gameplay, provides a leaderboard for the games, and also supports the provision of in-game rewards (e.g., coins and items). 
     The augmented reality content generating system  128  may generate augmented reality content that may be used by the augmentation system  206  to augment or modify content, such as media content, generated using the client application  104 . In one or more implementations, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may generate augmented reality content that is based on content received from third parties. In one or more illustrative examples, the augmented reality content may be based on beauty product advertisements. In various examples, the augmented reality content generated by the augmented reality content generating system  128  may determine one or more objects and one or more effects related to the one or more objects based on the third-party content and generate augmented reality content that corresponds to the one or more objects and the one or more effects. The augmentation system  206  may implement the one or more effects with respect to the one or more objects in relation to media content captured by the client application  104 , such as media content captured by at least one camera of a client device  102 . In one or more examples, the augmentation system  206  may modify one or more objects within a field of view of at least one camera of the client device  102  using the one or more effects of augmented reality content generated by the augmented reality content generating system  128 . 
       FIG.  3    is a schematic diagram illustrating data structures  300  which may be stored in the database(s)  118  of the server system  108 , according to one or more example implementations. While the content of the database(s)  118  is shown to comprise a number of tables, it will be appreciated that the data could be stored in other types of data structures (e.g., as an object-oriented database). 
     The database  118  includes message data stored within a message table  302 . This message data includes, for any particular one message, at least message sender data, message recipient (or receiver) data, and a payload. 
     An entity table  304  stores entity data, and is linked (e.g., referentially) to an entity graph  306  and profile data  308 . Entities for which records are maintained within the entity table  304  may include individuals, corporate entities, organizations, objects, places, events, and so forth. Regardless of entity type, any entity regarding which the server system  108  stores data may be a recognized entity. Each entity is provided with a unique identifier, as well as an entity type identifier (not shown). 
     The entity graph  306  stores information regarding relationships and associations between entities. Such relationships may be social, professional (e.g., work at a common corporation or organization) interested-based or activity-based, merely for example. 
     The profile data  308  stores multiple types of profile data about a particular entity. The profile data  308  may be selectively used and presented to other users of the architecture  100 , based on privacy settings specified by a particular entity. Where the entity is an individual, the profile data  308  includes, for example, a username, telephone number, address, settings (e.g., notification and privacy settings), as well as a user-selected avatar representation (or collection of such avatar representations). A particular user may then selectively include one or more of these avatar representations within the content of messages or other data communicated via the architecture  100 , and on map interfaces displayed by client application  104  to other users. The collection of avatar representations may include “status avatars,” which present a graphical representation of a status or activity that the user may select to communicate at a particular time. 
     Where the entity is a group, the profile data  308  for the group may similarly include one or more avatar representations associated with the group, in addition to the group name, members, and various settings (e.g., notifications) for the relevant group. 
     The database  118  also stores augmentation data, such as overlays or filters, in an augmentation table  310 . The augmentation data is associated with and applied to videos (for which data is stored in a video table  314 ) and images (for which data is stored in an image table  316 ). In one or more examples, the augmentation data may be generated by the augmented reality content generating system  128 . 
     Filters, in one example, are overlays that are displayed as overlaid on an image or video during presentation to a recipient user. Filters may be of various types, including user-selected filters from a set of filters presented to a sending user by the client application  104  when the sending user is composing a message. Other types of filters include geolocation filters (also known as geo-filters), which may be presented to a sending user based on geographic location. For example, geolocation filters specific to a neighborhood or special location may be presented within a user interface by the client application  104 , based on geolocation information determined by a Global Positioning System (GPS) unit of the client device  102 . 
     Another type of filter is a data filter, which may be selectively presented to a sending user by the client application  104 , based on other inputs or information gathered by the client device  102  during the message creation process. Examples of data filters include current temperature at a specific location, a current speed at which a sending user is traveling, battery life for a client device  102 , or the current time. 
     Other augmentation data that may be stored within the image table  316  includes augmented reality content items (e.g., corresponding to applying Lenses or augmented reality experiences). An augmented reality content item may be a real-time special effect and sound that may be added to an image or a video. 
     As described above, augmentation data includes augmented reality content items, overlays, image transformations, AR images, and similar terms refer to modifications that may be applied to image data (e.g., videos or images). This includes real-time modifications, which modify an image as it is captured using device sensors (e.g., one or multiple cameras) of a client device  102  and then displayed on a screen of the client device  102  with the modifications. This also includes modifications to stored content, such as video clips in a gallery that may be modified. For example, in a client device  102  with access to multiple augmented reality content items, a user can use a single video clip with multiple augmented reality content items to see how the different augmented reality content items will modify the stored clip. For example, multiple augmented reality content items that apply different pseudorandom movement models can be applied to the same content by selecting different augmented reality content items for the content. Similarly, real-time video capture may be used with an illustrated modification to show how video images currently being captured by sensors of a client device  102  would modify the captured data. Such data may simply be displayed on the screen and not stored in memory, or the content captured by the device sensors may be recorded and stored in memory with or without the modifications (or both). In some systems, a preview feature can show how different augmented reality content items will look within different windows in a display at the same time. This can, for example, enable multiple windows with different pseudorandom animations to be viewed on a display at the same time. 
     Data and various systems using augmented reality content items or other such transform systems to modify content using this data can thus involve detection of objects (e.g., faces, hands, bodies, cats, dogs, surfaces, objects, etc.), tracking of such objects as they leave, enter, and move around the field of view in video frames, and the modification or transformation of such objects as they are tracked. In various implementations, different methods for achieving such transformations may be used. Some examples may involve generating a three-dimensional mesh model of the object or objects, and using transformations and animated textures of the model within the video to achieve the transformation. In other examples, tracking of points on an object may be used to place an image or texture (which may be two dimensional or three dimensional) at the tracked position. In still further examples, neural network analysis of video frames may be used to place images, models, or textures in content (e.g., images or frames of video). Augmented reality content items thus refer both to the images, models, and textures used to create transformations in content, as well as to additional modeling and analysis information needed to achieve such transformations with object detection, tracking, and placement. 
     Real-time video processing can be performed with any kind of video data (e.g., video streams, video files, etc.) saved in a memory of a computerized system of any kind. For example, a user can load video files and save them in a memory of a device, or can generate a video stream using sensors of the device. Additionally, any objects can be processed using a computer animation model, such as a human&#39;s face and parts of a human body, animals, or non-living things such as chairs, cars, or other objects. 
     In some examples, when a particular modification is selected along with content to be transformed, elements to be transformed are identified by the computing device, and then detected and tracked if they are present in the frames of the video. The elements of the object are modified according to the request for modification, thus transforming the frames of the video stream. Transformation of frames of a video stream can be performed by different methods for different kinds of transformation. For example, for transformations of frames mostly referring to changing forms of object&#39;s elements characteristic points for each element of an object are calculated (e.g., using an Active Shape Model (ASM) or other known methods). Then, a mesh based on the characteristic points is generated for each of the at least one element of the object. This mesh used in the following stage of tracking the elements of the object in the video stream. In the process of tracking, the mentioned mesh for each element is aligned with a position of each element. Then, additional points are generated on the mesh. A first set of first points is generated for each element based on a request for modification, and a set of second points is generated for each element based on the set of first points and the request for modification. Then, the frames of the video stream can be transformed by modifying the elements of the object on the basis of the sets of first and second points and the mesh. In such method, a background of the modified object can be changed or distorted as well by tracking and modifying the background. 
     In some examples, transformations changing some areas of an object using its elements can be performed by calculating characteristic points for each element of an object and generating a mesh based on the calculated characteristic points. Points are generated on the mesh, and then various areas based on the points are generated. The elements of the object are then tracked by aligning the area for each element with a position for each of the at least one element, and properties of the areas can be modified based on the request for modification, thus transforming the frames of the video stream. Depending on the specific request for modification properties of the mentioned areas can be transformed in different ways. Such modifications may involve changing color of areas; removing at least some part of areas from the frames of the video stream; including one or more new objects into areas which are based on a request for modification; and modifying or distorting the elements of an area or object. In various implementations, any combination of such modifications or other similar modifications may be used. For certain models to be animated, some characteristic points can be selected as control points to be used in determining the entire state-space of options for the model animation. 
     In some examples of a computer animation model to transform image data using face detection, the face is detected on an image with use of a specific face detection algorithm (e.g., Viola-Jones). Then, an Active Shape Model (ASM) algorithm is applied to the face region of an image to detect facial feature reference points. 
     Other methods and algorithms suitable for face detection can be used. For example, in some implementations, features are located using a landmark, which represents a distinguishable point present in most of the images under consideration. For facial landmarks, for example, the location of the left eye pupil may be used. If an initial landmark is not identifiable (e.g., if a person has an eyepatch), secondary landmarks may be used. Such landmark identification procedures may be used for any such objects. In some examples, a set of landmarks forms a shape. Shapes can be represented as vectors using the coordinates of the points in the shape. One shape is aligned to another with a similarity transform (allowing translation, scaling, and rotation) that minimizes the average Euclidean distance between shape points. The mean shape is the mean of the aligned training shapes. 
     In various examples, a search for landmarks from the mean shape aligned to the position and size of the face determined by a global face detector is started. Such a search then repeats the steps of suggesting a tentative shape by adjusting the locations of shape points by template matching of the image texture around each point and then conforming the tentative shape to a global shape model until convergence occurs. In one or more systems, individual template matches are unreliable, and the shape model pools the results of the weak template matches to form a stronger overall classifier. The entire search is repeated at each level in an image pyramid, from coarse to fine resolution. 
     A transformation system can capture an image or video stream on a client device (e.g., the client device  102 ) and perform complex image manipulations locally on the client device  102  while maintaining a suitable user experience, computation time, and power consumption. The complex image manipulations may include size and shape changes, emotion transfers (e.g., changing a face from a frown to a smile), state transfers (e.g., aging a subject, reducing apparent age, changing gender), style transfers, graphical element application, and any other suitable image or video manipulation implemented by a convolutional neural network that has been configured to execute efficiently on the client device  102 . 
     A computer animation model to transform image data can be used by a system where a user may capture an image or video stream of the user (e.g., a selfie) using a client device  102  having a neural network operating as part of a client application  104  operating on the client device  102 . The transformation system operating within the client application  104  determines the presence of a face within the image or video stream and provides modification icons associated with a computer animation model to transform image data, or the computer animation model can be present as associated with an interface described herein. The modification icons include changes that may be the basis for modifying the user&#39;s face within the image or video stream as part of the modification operation. Once a modification icon is selected, the transform system initiates a process to convert the image of the user to reflect the selected modification icon (e.g., generate a smiling face on the user). A modified image or video stream may be presented in a graphical user interface displayed on the client device  102  as soon as the image or video stream is captured, and a specified modification is selected. The transformation system may implement a complex convolutional neural network on a portion of the image or video stream to generate and apply the selected modification. That is, the user may capture the image or video stream and be presented with a modified result in real-time or near real-time once a modification icon has been selected. Further, the modification may be persistent while the video stream is being captured, and the selected modification icon remains toggled. Machine taught neural networks may be used to enable such modifications. 
     The graphical user interface, presenting the modification performed by the transform system, may supply the user with additional interaction options. Such options may be based on the interface used to initiate the content capture and selection of a particular computer animation model (e.g., initiation from a content creator user interface). In various implementations, a modification may be persistent after an initial selection of a modification icon. The user may toggle the modification on or off by tapping or otherwise selecting the face being modified by the transformation system and store it for later viewing or browse to other areas of the imaging application. Where multiple faces are modified by the transformation system, the user may toggle the modification on or off globally by tapping or selecting a single face modified and displayed within a graphical user interface. In some implementations, individual faces, among a group of multiple faces, may be individually modified, or such modifications may be individually toggled by tapping or selecting the individual face or a series of individual faces displayed within the graphical user interface. 
     A story table  312  stores data regarding collections of messages and associated image, video, or audio data, which are compiled into a collection (e.g., a story or a gallery). The creation of a particular collection may be initiated by a particular user (e.g., each user for which a record is maintained in the entity table  304 ). A user may create a “personal story” in the form of a collection of content that has been created and sent/broadcast by that user. To this end, the user interface of the client application  104  may include an icon that is user-selectable to enable a sending user to add specific content to his or her personal story. 
     A collection may also constitute a “live story,” which is a collection of content from multiple users that is created manually, automatically, or using a combination of manual and automatic techniques. For example, a “live story” may constitute a curated stream of user-submitted content from varies locations and events. Users whose client devices have location services enabled and are at a common location event at a particular time may, for example, be presented with an option, via a user interface of the client application  104 , to contribute content to a particular live story. The live story may be identified to the user by the client application  104 , based on his or her location. The end result is a “live story” told from a community perspective. 
     A further type of content collection is known as a “location story,” which enables a user whose client device  102  is located within a specific geographic location (e.g., on a college or university campus) to contribute to a particular collection. In some examples, a contribution to a location story may require a second degree of authentication to verify that the end user belongs to a specific organization or other entity (e.g., is a student on the university campus). 
     As mentioned above, the video table  314  stores video data that, in one example, is associated with messages for which records are maintained within the message table  302 . Similarly, the image table  316  stores image data associated with messages for which message data is stored in the entity table  304 . The entity table  304  may associate various augmentations from the augmentation table  310  with various images and videos stored in the image table  316  and the video table  314 . 
     The database(s)  118  may also store a modified user content data table  318  that may include the modified user content  138 . In one or more implementations, the modified user content data table  318  may include information indicating one or more objects included in the modified user content  138 . The modified user content data table  318  may also indicate one or more effects applied to the one or more objects. In various examples, the modified user content data table  318  may indicate one or more identifiers of AR content that is used to modify content captured by or otherwise obtained by a camera of a client device  102  via the client application  104 . In one or more additional examples, the modified user content data table  318  may indicate third-party content associated with modified user content  138 . In one or more illustrative examples, the modified user content data table  318  may include information indicating one or more products related to AR content that may be used to modify content captured using the client application  104 . 
       FIG.  4    is a schematic diagram illustrating an example framework for content  400 , according to some implementations. The content  400  may be generated by the client application  104 . In various examples, the content  400  may be generated by a first instance of the client application  104  and communicated to at least one of a second instance of the client application  104  or the server system  108 . In situations where the content  400  includes a message, the content  400  may be used to populate the message table  302  stored within the database(s)  118  and accessible by the application server  114 . In one or more implementations, the content  400  may be stored in memory as “in-transit” or “in-flight” data of at least one of client devices  102  or the application server  114 . The content  400  is shown to include at least a portion of the following components:
         content identifier  402 : a unique identifier that identifies the content  400 .   content text payload  404 : text, to be generated by a user via a user interface of the client device  102 , and that is included in the content  400 .   content image payload  406 : image data, captured by a camera component of a client device  102  or retrieved from a memory component of a client device  102 , and that is included in the content  400 . Image data for a sent or received content  400  may be stored in the image table  316 .   content video payload  408 : video data, captured by a camera component or retrieved from a memory component of the client device  102 , and that is included in the content  400 . Video data for a sent or received content  400  may be stored in the video table  314 .   content audio payload  410 : audio data, captured by a microphone or retrieved from a memory component of the client device  102 , and that is included in the content  400 .   content augmentation data  412 : augmentation data (e.g., filters, stickers, or other annotations or enhancements) that represents augmentations to be applied to content image payload  406 , content video payload  408 , or content audio payload  410  of the content  400 . Augmentation data for a sent or received content  400  may be stored in the augmentation table  310 .   content duration parameter  414 : parameter value indicating, in seconds, the amount of time for which one or more portions of the content  400  (e.g., the content image payload  406 , content video payload  408 , content audio payload  410 ) are to be presented or made accessible to a user via the client application  104 .   content geolocation parameter  416 : geolocation data (e.g., latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates) associated with the content payload of the message. Multiple content geolocation parameter  416  values may be included in the payload, each of these parameter values being associated with respect to content items included in the content (e.g., a specific image into within the content image payload  406 , or a specific video in the content video payload  408 ).   content story identifier  418 : identifier values identifying one or more content collections (e.g., “stories” identified in the story table  312 ) with which a particular item in the content image payload  406  of the content  400  is associated. For example, multiple images within the content image payload  406  may each be associated with multiple content collections using identifier values.   content tag  420 : each content  400  may be tagged with multiple tags, each of which is indicative of the subject matter of content included in the content payload. For example, where a particular image included in the content image payload  406  depicts an animal (e.g., a lion), a tag value may be included within the content tag  420  that is indicative of the relevant animal. Tag values may be generated manually, based on user input, or may be automatically generated using, for example, image recognition.   content sender identifier  422 : an identifier (e.g., a messaging system identifier, email address, or device identifier) indicative of a user of the client device  102  on which the content  400  was generated and from which the content  400  was sent.   content receiver identifier  424 : an identifier (e.g., a messaging system identifier, email address, or device identifier) indicative of a user of the client device  102  to which the content  400  is addressed.   A third-party content identifier  426 : an identifier of third-party content used to produce at least a portion of the augmentations applied to at least one of image content, video content, or audio content of the content  400 . In one or more illustrative examples, the third-party content identifier  426  may indicate an identifier of a product related to one or more augmentations applied to at least one of image content, video content, or audio content of the content  400 .       

     The data (e.g., values) of the various components of content  400  may correspond to pointers to locations in tables within which the data is stored. For example, an image value in the content image payload  406  may be a pointer to (or address of) a location within an image table  316 . Similarly, values within the content video payload  408  may point to data stored within a video table  314 , values stored within the content augmentations  412  may point to data stored in an augmentation table  310 , values stored within the content story identifier  418  may point to data stored in a story table  312 , and values stored within the content sender identifier  422  and the content recipient identifier  424  may point to user records stored within an entity table  304 . Further, values of the third-party content identifier  426  may point to data stored within a data structure that includes the modified user content data table  318 . 
       FIG.  5    is a diagrammatic representation illustrating an architecture  500  to generate augmented reality content using third-party content, in accordance with one or more example implementations. The architecture  500  may include a third-party  502 . The third-party  502  may include at least one of a seller of one or more products or a manufacturer of one or more products. The third-party  502  may send a third-party content item  504  to the server system  108 . The third-party content item  504  may include information about at least one product related to the third-party  502 . For example, the third-party content item  504  may include information about a product  506 . In one or more implementations, the product  506  may be offered for purchase via the client application  104 . In various examples, the third-party content item  504  may include at least one of text content, video content, audio content, or image content related to the product  506 . To illustrate, the third-party content item  504  may include one or more images of the product  506 . In addition, the third-party content item  504  may include one or more videos of an individual using the product  506 . In one or more illustrative examples, the third-party content item  504  may include an advertisement related to the product  506 . 
     Based on the third-party content item  504 , the augmented reality content generating system  128  may produce third-party content item data  508 . The third-party content item data  508  may include the third-party content item  504 . In one or more implementations, the third-party content item data  508  may include product data  510 . The product data  510  may include at least one of a description of the product  506 , an identifier of the product  506 , pricing information related to the product  506 , an identifier of the third-party  502 , an identifier of the product  506 , one or more ratings of the product  506 , one or more reviews of the product  506 , or an availability of the product  506 . 
     In addition, the third-party content item data  508  may include information about features of the third-party content item  504 . In one or more examples, the third-party content item data  508  may include object data  512 . The object data  512  may include information about one or more objects included in the third-party content item  504 . For example, the object data  512  may include locations of one or more objects included in the third-party content item  504 . In one or more illustrative examples, the object data  512  may indicate pixels of at least one of video content or image content that are related to one or more objects included in the third-party content item  504 . In addition, the object data  512  may include characteristics to one or more objects included in the third-party content item  504 . To illustrate, the object data  512  may include at least one of colors, textures, sizing, shading, or shapes of one or more objects included in the third-party content item  504 . 
     In various examples, the object data  512  may indicate one or more categories or classifications of one or more objects included in the third-party content item  504 . For example, the object data  512  may also include information indicating one or more identifiers of one or more objects included in the third-party content item  504 , such one or more common names related to an object or a type related to an object. In one or more illustrative examples, the product  506  may include a beauty product and the third-party content item  504  may include an image of the beauty product applied to a facial feature of an individual. In these situations, the object data  512  may indicate a portion of the image that corresponds to the facial feature of the individual, such as an eye, nose, cheek, lips, etc. 
     The third-party content item data  508  may also include effects data  514 . The effects data  514  may indicate at least one of one or more visual effects or one or more audio affects related to the third-party content item  504 . In various examples, the effects data  514  may indicate a visual effect corresponding to an object included in the third-party content item  504 . To illustrate, the effects data  514  may indicate at least one of a color, a shape, sizing, shading, or texture that corresponds to an object or that corresponds to an area proximate to the object. The effects data may also indicate a location of one or more effects in the third-party content item  504 . In one or more illustrative examples, the effects data  514  may indicate a portion of an individual where the product  506  may be applied to the individual. For example, in situations where the product  506  includes a beauty product, the effects data  514  may indicate changes to coloring of skin of an individual to which the product  506  is applied. 
     In implementations where the third-party content item  504  includes video content, the third-party content item data  508  may include timing data  516 . The timing data  516  may indicate times at which one or more events take place during playback of the video content. The timing data  516  may include a time stamp or another indicator of the time at which an event occurring in the video takes place. In one or more illustrative examples, the timing data  516  may indicate times in a video where one or more objects are moving. Additionally, the timing data  516  may indicate the timing of changes made with respect to one or more objects in a video. For example, the timing data  516  may indicate one or more effects being applied to or more objects included in a video. In situations where the product  506  is a beauty product, the timing data  516  may indicate changes made to one or more facial features of an individual as the product  506  is applied to the one or more facial features. 
     In one or more implementations, the third-party content item  504  may include metadata that includes at least one of the product data  510 , the object data  512 , the effects data  514 , or the timing data  516 . In these scenarios, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may determine the product data  510 , the object data  512 , the effects data  514 , the timing data  516 , or one or more combinations thereof, based on the metadata associated with the third-party content item  504 . 
     In one or more additional examples, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may determine at least a portion of one or more of the product data  510 , the object data  512 , the effects data  514 , or the timing data  516  by analyzing the third-party content item  504 . For example, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may implement one or more object detection techniques to identify one or more objects included in the third-party content item  504 . In various examples, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may analyze data related to one or more objects included in the third-party content item  504  in relation to information accessible to the server system  108  that corresponds to a library of objects. The object information included in a library of objects accessible to the server system  108  may indicate characteristics of a number of different objects that may be included in third-party content item  504 . For a given object, the library of object information may indicate at least one of a name of the object, a description of the object, a shape of the object, one or more colors of the object, shading information related to the object, or texture information related to the objects. 
     To determine an object included in the third-party content item  504 , the augmented reality content generating system  128  may determine a measure of similarity between information included in the library of object information and data obtained by the augmented reality content generating system  128  through an analysis of the third-party content item  504 . In one or more examples, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may analyze information related to an object included in the third-party content item  504  with respect to information related to a number of objects included in the library of object information. For example, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may analyze one or more characteristics of an object included in the third-party content item  504  in relation to one or more characteristics of a number of objects included in the library of object information. In one or more illustrative examples, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may analyze at least one of a size of the object, a color of the object, a shape of the object, a size of the object, a texture of the object, or a shade of the object included in the third-party content item  504  in relation to objects included in the library of object information. Based on the analysis between one or more characteristics of the object included in the third-party content item  504  and the one or more characteristics of objects included in the library of object information, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may determine a measure of similarity between the object and one or more of the objects included in the library of object information. In situations where the measure of similarity is greater than a threshold measure of similarity, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may classify an object included in the third-party content item  504  in relation to a corresponding object included in the library of object information. The classification of the object included in the third-party content item  504  based on characteristics of objects included in a library of object information may be stored as at least a portion of the object data  512 . Additionally, the one or more characteristics of the object determined by the augmented reality content generating system  128  may be stored as at least a portion of the object data  512 . 
     In one or more implementations, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may determine one or more effects included in the third-party content item  504  by analyzing features of the third-party content item  504 . For example, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may implement at least one of one or more color recognition techniques, one or more texture recognition techniques, one or more shading recognition techniques, or one or more edge detection techniques, to determine one or more effects related to one or more objects included in the third-party content item  504 . The augmented reality content generating system  128  may also analyze the third-party content item  504  to determine respective locations of one or more effects included in the third-party content item  504 . In various examples, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may determine pixels and characteristics of pixels (e.g., color, texture, shading) of one or more effects included in the third-party content item  504  and store the information related to the location and characteristics of the one or more effects as at least a portion of the effects data  514 . 
     In various examples, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may analyze the third-party content item  504  to determine at least a portion of the timing data  516 . In one or more examples, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may analyze the third-party content item  504  to determine one or more locations of one of more objects at various times during playback of video content or audio content related to the third-party content item  504 . The augmented reality content generating system  128  may also analyze the third-party content item  504  to determine the timing of changes to at least one of one or more objects or one or more effects included in the third-party content item  504 . In situations where the third-party content item  504  includes audio content, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may determine the timing of at least one of one or more words, one or more groups of words, or one or more sounds included in the third-party content item  504 . 
     The augmented reality content generating system  128  may generate one or more augmented reality content items based on the third-party content item data  508 . In the illustrative example of  FIG.  5   , the augmented reality content generating system  128  generate an augmented reality content item  518 . The augmented reality content item  518  may modify at least one of image content, video content, or audio content captured via client devices  102 . In various examples, the augmented reality content item  518  may modify an appearance related to one or more objects included in at least one of image content or video content captured by the client device  102 . In one or more illustrative examples, the augmented reality content item  518  may modify an appearance of an object included in at least one of image content or video content captured by the client device  102  by modifying at least one of a color of the object, a shape of the object, a texture of the object, a size of the object, or shading of the object. In one or more additional examples, the augmented reality content item  518  may modify at least one of a color, a texture, a size, a shape, or shading of an area proximate to an object included in content captured by the client device  102 . In further examples, the augmented reality content item  518  may modify audio content captured by the client device  102 . To illustrate, the augmented reality content item  518  may modify at least one of one or more sounds or one or more words of audio content captured by the client device  102 . 
     The augmented reality content item  518  may correspond to one or more objects included in the object data  512  and one or more effects included in the effects data  514 . In situations where the third-party content item  504  includes at least one of video content or audio content, the augmented reality content item  518  may include AR timing data that corresponds to at least a portion of the timing data  516 . In the illustrative example of  FIG.  5   , the augmented reality content item  518  may correspond to a first object  520  up to an Nth object  522  and include first effects  524  up to Nth effects  526 . In situations where the augmented reality content item  518  is to be applied to at least one of video content or audio content, the augmented reality content item  518  may include first AR timing data  528  up to Nth AR timing data  530 . In various examples, implementation of the augmented reality content item  518  may cause at least the first effects  524  to be applied to the first object  520  that is included in content captured by the client device  102 . For example, implementing the augmented reality content item  518  may cause an appearance related to an object included in content captured by the client device  102  that corresponds to the first object  520  to be modified according to at least the first effects  524 . In various examples, the modification of an object or an area proximate to an object included in content captured by the client device  102  that corresponds to the first object  520  may be modified based on the first effects  524  according to timing indicated by the first AR timing data  528 . In one or more implementations, the first effects  524  may include multiple effects to be applied to the first object  520 . In additional examples, the modification of an additional object or an area proximate to the additional object included in content captured by the client device  102  that corresponds to the Nth object  522  may be modified based on the Nth effects  526  according to timing indicated by the Nth AR timing data  530 . 
     In one or more illustrative examples, the first AR timing data  528  up to the Nth AR timing data  530  may correspond to one or more times within the third-party content item  504  that one or more effects are produced. For example, the timing data  516  may include a sequential arrangement of timestamps that each correspond to one or more frames of the third-party content item  504 . In these scenarios, the first AR timing data  528  up to the Nth AR timing data  530  may each correspond to one or more timestamps at which one or more effects  524 ,  526  are at least one of displayed, rendered, or produced. To illustrate, at least one of the client application  104  or the server system  108  may monitor timestamps related to content being at least one of displayed, rendered, or produced by the client device  102  and in response to determining that the timestamps of the content correspond to the timestamps of the first AR timing data  528 , the first effects  524  may be produced. In additional examples, the first AR timing data  528  up to Nth AR timing data  530  may correspond to frames at which one or more events occur. In various examples, the first AR timing data  528  up to the Nth AR timing data  530  may correspond to frames at which one or more effects are produced. In these scenarios, at least one of the client application  104  or the server system  108  may monitor content of frames of at least one of video content or image content that is at least one of displayed or rendered by the client device  102 . In response to determining that the content of frames of the at least one of video content or image content produced by the client device  102  corresponds to the content of frames corresponding to the first AR timing data  528 , the first effects  524  may be produced. 
     The augmented reality content generating system  128  may send AR content data  532  to the client device  102 . The AR content data  532  may include computer-readable instructions, such as software code, that may be executable to implement features of the augmented reality content item  518 . For example, the AR content data  532  may include computer-readable instructions that are executable to make modifications to content captured via one or more input devices of the client device  102 . To illustrate, the AR content data  532  may include computer-readable instructions that are executable to make modifications to content captured via at least one microphone  534  of the client device  102  and at least one camera  536  of the client device  102 . In various examples, the AR content data  532  may include computer-readable instructions that are executable to modify content captured by the client device  102  and displayed via the client application  104 . In one or more examples, the AR content data  532  may operate in conjunction with the client application  104  to modify content captured by one or more input devices of the client device  102 . 
     In the illustrative example of  FIG.  5   , the client device  102  may be operated by a user  538 . The user  538  may operate the one or more input devices of the client device  102  to capture content in association with the client application  104 . For example, the user  538  may launch the client application  104 . The client application  104  may generate one or more user interfaces. In various examples, the client application  104  may generate a user interface that includes at least a portion of the third-party content item  504  and that includes user content  540  that is captured by one or more input devices of the client device  102 . To illustrate, the client application  104  may generate a user interface that includes at least a first section including at least a portion of the third-party content item  504  and a second section that includes content captured in a field of view of the camera  536 . In one or more examples, the user content  540  may include real-time content captured by one or more input devices of the client device  102 . In these situations, a user interface generated by the client application  104  may include at least one of real-time images, real-time audio, or real-time video being captured by one or more input devices of the client device  102 . In additional examples, the user content  540  may include at least one of image content, video content, or audio content previously captured by one or more input devices of the client device  102 . 
     In one or more implementations, the user  538  may select one or more user interface elements to cause the client application  104  to execute the AR content data  532  and modify the user content  540  captured by the camera  536  to create modified user content  542 . For example, the client application  104  may execute the AR content data  532  to identify one or more objects included in the user content  540  that correspond to at least one object included in the augmented reality content item  518 , such as at least one of the first object  520  or the Nth object  522 . After identifying one or more objects included in the user content  540  that correspond to at least one object included in the augmented reality content item  518 , the client application  104  may execute the AR content data  532  to apply at least a portion of the effects (e.g., first effects  524  to Nth effects  526 ) included in the augmented reality content item  518  to the at least one object. In one or more illustrative examples, the first object  520  may correspond to a facial feature and the first effects  524  may correspond to changing an appearance of the facial feature. In these scenarios, the client application  104  may execute the AR content data  532  to cause the appearance of the facial feature to be modified in the user content  540 . 
     To illustrate, the user content  540  may be analyzed to determine one or more objects included in the user content that correspond to one or more objects included in the augmented reality content item  518 . In one or more illustrative examples, one or more object recognition techniques may be implemented to identify one or more objects included in the user content  540 . Information corresponding to the one or more objects included in the user content  540  may then be analyzed with respect to data corresponding to at least one object in the augmented reality content item  518 . For example, an analysis may be performed with respect to characteristics of one or more objects included in the user content  540  in relation to characteristics of one or more objects included in the augmented reality content item  518 . In one or more illustrative examples, the analysis may be performed by at least one of the augmented reality content generating system  128  or the client application  104 . In various examples, the analysis may generate a measure of similarity between an object included in the user content  540  and an object included in the augmented reality content item  518 . In situations where the measure of similarity satisfies at least a threshold measure of similarity, an object included in the user content  540  may be identified as an object that is also included in the augmented reality content item  518 . 
     In response to identifying at least one object included in the user content  540  that corresponds to at least one object included in the augmented reality content item  518 , at least one of the client application  104  or the server system  108  may execute the AR content data  532  to apply one or more effects to at least one of an object included in the user content  540  or an area proximate to an object included in the user content  540 . In one or more examples, the client application  104  may cause for display, on a display screen of the client device  102 , a user interface that includes the effects of the augmented reality content item  518  applied to one or more objects included in the user content  540 . In various examples, the client application  104  may generate one or more user interfaces that include at least a first section that includes at least a portion of the third-party content item  504  and a second section that includes the modified user content  542  with the one or more effects of the augmented reality content item  518  applied to one or more objects included in the user content  540 . In one or more illustrative examples, at least one of a color, a shape, a texture, a size, or shading related to an object included in the user content  540  may be modified to generate the modified user content  542 . 
     In one or more illustrative implementations, the third-party content item  504  may include an advertisement for a product  506  that corresponds to a beauty product. In these scenarios, the third-party content item  504  may show the beauty product applied to or around at least one facial feature of an individual. Continuing with this example, the augmented reality content generating system  128  may generate the augmented reality content item  518  such that the first object  520  corresponds to a facial feature and the first effects correspond to changes to or around the facial feature produced by applying the beauty product to an individual. The camera  536  captures, in an example, at least a portion of the user  538  within the field of view of the camera  536  and the client application  104  may provide for display a user interface that includes a first section that shows the advertisement of the beauty product and a second section that includes the portion of the user  538  captured in the camera field of view. The client application  104  may then execute the AR content data  532  such that the facial feature of the user  538  that corresponds to the at least one facial feature of the augmented reality content item  518  is modified according to the one or more effects included in the augmented reality content item  518  such that a look of the individual included in the advertisement of the beauty product is reproduced with respect to the facial feature of the user  538  captured in the field of view of the camera  536 . In various examples, the client application  104  may cause the second section of the user interface to include a magnified version of the field of view of the camera  536  that includes a magnification of the at least one facial feature related to the augmented reality content item  518  with the one or more effects of the augmented reality content item  518  applied to the at least one facial feature. 
     In one or more examples, the one or more effects of the augmented reality content item  518  may be applied to a real-time feed of content that includes the facial feature of the user  538  within the field of view of the camera  536 . In one or more additional examples, the one or more effects of the augmented reality content item  518  may be applied to content that includes the facial feature of the user  538  that was previously captured by the camera  536 , such as image content or video content stored by the client device  102  or stored in a remote storage location that is accessible by the client device  102 . In various implementations, after applying the one or more effects of the augmented reality content item  518  to the facial feature of the user  538 , the client application  104  may cause a version of the modified content to be stored as the modified user content  542  in memory of the client device  102 , in a remote storage location, or both. 
     The user  538  may provide input to the client application  104  to share the modified user content  542  with one or more recipients. For example, the user  538  may cause the client application  104  to share the modified user content  542  via one or more messages generated using the client application  104 . The user  538  may also cause the client application  104  to share the modified user content  542  via a social network that is accessible using the client application  104 . 
     In various implementations, after a client device  102  of a recipient of the modified user content  542  receives the modified user content  542 , the modified user content  542  may be accessible via an instance of the client application  104  executed by the client device  102  of the recipient. In one or more examples, the instance of the client application  104  executed by the client device  102  of the recipient may generate a user interface that includes the modified user content  542 . The user interface may also include an option that is selectable to apply the augmented reality content item  518  to the recipient of the modified user content  542 . In these situations, in response to selection of the option, an instance of the client application  104  executed by a client device  102  of the recipient may cause the one or more effects of the augmented reality content item  518  to be applied to user content captured by one or more input devices of the client device  102  of the recipient, such as at least one of image content, video content, or audio content related to the recipient. In this way, the augmented reality content item  518  may be shared by one or more users of the client application  104  and applied with respect to content of one or more recipients of modified user content  542  that has been shared via the client application  104 . 
     In situations where the augmented reality content item  518  is applied to a facial feature of the user  538 , the client application  104  may implement or invoke a scan of at least a portion of the face of the user  538  to identify at least one facial feature of the user  538  to which one or more effects of the augmented reality content item  518  may be applied. For example, the image data captured the camera  536  may be analyzed by a set of detection techniques to detect a facial feature (e.g., a right eye or a left eye of a user), where each detection technique of the set of detection techniques may detect the facial feature using a different technique. The different techniques may include using different sized windows to detect facial features, different starting positions of the windows, etc. Other techniques may be utilized, such as to use shape, template, or object recognition processes. In various examples, an object location technique may identify objects in the image data that satisfy one or more object detection criteria, such as objects (e.g., areas of a relatively common intensity in an image) of a specified size, shape, location, or combination thereof. 
     Further, in one or more examples, the image data captured by the camera  536  of the client device  102  may be analyzed to estimate the center of the head of the user  538  or location of another feature of the user  538 . At least one example technique may utilize model-based techniques. One example of a model-based technique is active shape model (ASM). In this technique, a model of several facial feature locations and their relationship with image intensities around the feature points is learned. The model is learned, for example, using a training dataset including training images. During run-time, the model is applied to obtain the best fit of all the facial features to given image data. Another technique includes constrained local models (CLM) in which sets of points (constrained by a statistical shape model) are located on a given image data. In this technique, detection techniques are applied to detect different features on the face independently. In one or more examples, a different detection technique is trained for the right eye, left eye, mouth, etc. In an example, a single detection technique is utilized for each landmark and the detection techniques are applied to the image and a model is fitted to the detection technique responses to obtain the best fit of all facial features to the given face image. 
     Additionally, in accordance with one or more implementations, a facial feature may be detected using multiple tuned detection techniques. The facial feature may be, for example, the location of eyes, location of mouth, nose or any identifiable feature on the human face. Several detection techniques may be trained for a chosen feature. At run-time, at least a portion of the detection techniques may be applied. In various implementations, the detection techniques may be associated with a confidence value. The detection techniques may provide an estimate of the center of the head of the user  538  and the estimates may be combined according to their confidence value or otherwise combined to obtain a determined location of the center of the head. 
     After a facial region related to the augmented reality content item  518  is identified, one or more head or face detection techniques may be used to identify a sub-region of the face of the user  538 . Example head or face detection techniques may include any appropriate technique known or used for such purposes, such as a template matching technique, a neural network technique (e.g., using a deep neural network, or a convolutional neural network), and the like), a Fisher linear discriminant technique, a maximal rejection classifier technique, a support vector machine technique, an edge filtering technique, an edge detection technique, one or more combinations thereof, and the like. 
     In one or more implementations, the aforementioned detection techniques may determine the facial features and facial characteristics using a number of different techniques. This can include, for example, identifying (e.g., recognizing) unique or distinguishing points such as feature points, facial marks, geometric shapes or distances, or other such features on the face. Example facial recognition techniques may include, for example, a linear discriminate analysis technique, a Hidden Markov model-based technique, a principal component analysis technique, a Fisher face technique, and a neuronal motivated dynamic link matching technique, and the like. In some implementations, specially trained Haar classifiers or other like classifiers may be used to detect the facial features. It should be appreciated that any number of techniques may be used. In various embodiments, the facial features may include at least one of an eye, mouth, nose, shape of a head, forehead, cheek, chin, jaw, eyebrow, eyelashes, or any other facial feature. 
       FIGS.  6  and  7    illustrate flowcharts of processes to generate and apply augmented reality content items related to products offered for purchase via the client application  104 . The processes may be embodied in computer-readable instructions for execution by one or more processors such that the operations of the processes may be performed in part or in whole by the functional components of at least one of the client application  104  or the server system  108 . Accordingly, the processes described below are by way of example with reference thereto, in some situations. However, in other implementations, at least some of the operations of the processes described with respect to  FIGS.  6  and  7    may be deployed on various other hardware configurations. The processes described with respect to  FIGS.  6  and  7    are therefore not intended to be limited to the server system  108  or client device  102  and can be implemented in whole, or in part, by one or more additional components. Although the described flowcharts can show operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed. A process may correspond to a method, a procedure, an algorithm, etc. The operations of methods may be performed in whole or in part, may be performed in conjunction with some or all of the operations in other methods, and may be performed by any number of different systems, such as the systems described herein, or any portion thereof, such as a processor included in any of the systems. 
       FIG.  6    is a flowchart illustrating example operations of a process  600  to generate augmented reality content using third-party content, according to one or more example implementations. At operation  602 , the process  600  may include obtaining content from a third-party. The content may include at least one of audio content, video content, image content, or text content. In one or more examples, the content may be related to a product offered for acquisition via a client application. In addition to functionality that enables users of the client application to purchase products, the client application may also include at least one of messaging functionality or social network functionality. In various examples, the third-party content may include an advertisement for a product. The third-party may include at least one of a seller of a product, a manufacturer of a product, a service provider for a seller of a product, or a service provider for a manufacturer of a product. 
     In addition, the process  600  may include, at operation  604 , determining one or more objects included in the third-party content. The one or more objects may be determined by analyzing data related to the third-party content using one or more object recognition techniques. Examples of object recognition techniques implemented to determine one or more object included in the third-party content may include appearance-based processes that search for features such as edges, changes in lighting or color, or changes in shape or size. Various other techniques utilize gradient generation and matching or histogram analysis for object recognition. Other techniques include feature-based techniques, such as may utilize interpretation trees, geometric hashing, or invariance analysis. Moreover, techniques such as scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) or speeded up robust features (SURF) techniques can also be used within the scope of the subject technology. 
     In further examples, one or more objects included in the third-party content gray be determined based on metadata corresponding to the third-party content. For example, metadata corresponding to the third-party content may indicate at least one of identifiers of one or more objects included in the third-party content, respective locations of one or more objects included in the third-party content, or characteristics of one or more objects included in the third-party content. The characteristics of the one or more objects may include at least one of size, shape, color, shading, or texture. In one or more illustrative examples, the third-party content may include a face of an individual and may show one or more beauty products applied to the face of the individual. In these scenarios, metadata corresponding to the third-party content may indicate that the third-party content includes facial features, such as eyes, nose, forehead, lips, mouth, chin, cheeks, eyelashes, eyebrows, combinations thereof, and so forth. In one or more examples, metadata corresponding to the third-party content may be obtained from the third-party that provided the content. In various examples, the metadata corresponding to the third-party content may be obtained from a different third-party, such as a service provider related to the third-party that provided the content. 
     In one or more implementations, the one or more objects may be determined based on user input indicating at least a portion of the one or more objects included in the third-party content. To illustrate, a representative of a service provider that distributes the client application and implements the functionality provided via the client application may provide input indicating at least one of identifiers of objects included in the third-party content, respective locations of objects included in the third-party content, or characteristics of objects included in the third-party content. In additional examples, a user of the client application may provide input indicating information about one or more objects included in the third-party content. In one or more examples, data obtained via user input may be stored as metadata of the third-party content. 
     At operation  606 , the process  600  may include determining one or more effects related to the one or more objects. The one or more effects may include visual features that are related to an object. The visual features may include motion of an object. The visual features may also include modifications to the appearance of an object. Additionally, the visual features may include modifications to an initial appearance of an area that is proximate to an object included in the third-party content. In one or more illustrative examples, in scenarios where the third-party content is related to a beauty product, the one or more effects may indicate changes to one or more portions of a face of an individual in response to the beauty product being applied to the face of the individual. To illustrate, the one or more effects may indicate color changes to an area around the eye of an individual in response to eye shadow being applied to the area around the eye of the individual. In another illustrative example, the one or more effects may indicate color changes to lips of an individual in response to lipstick being applied to the lips. 
     The one or more effects may be determined by implementing one or more computational techniques with respect to the third-party content, such as appearance-based processes that search for features such as edges, changes in lighting or color, or changes in shape or size. The one or more effects may also be determine using at least one of image feature extraction computational techniques or image feature classification computational techniques. One or more additional techniques may utilize gradient generation and matching or histogram analysis for object recognition. Still other techniques may include feature-based techniques that may utilize interpretation trees, geometric hashing, or invariance analysis. Moreover, techniques such as scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) or speeded up robust features (SURF) techniques may also be used within the scope of the subject technology. Additionally, the one or more effects may be determined based on metadata of the third-party content indicating the one or more effects. The metadata may indicate respective locations of one or more effects, characteristics of the one or more effects, timing data of the one or more effects, locations of the one or more effects, or one or more combinations thereof. Further, the one or more effects may be determined based on input obtained from at least one of a representative of a service provider related to the third-party, a representative of a service provider related to the client application, or a user of the client application. 
     The process  600  may also include, at operation  608 , generating augmented reality content that applies the one or more effects to at least one object included in the content obtained in relation to a client application. The augmented reality content may include computer-readable instructions that are executable to cause one or more effects to be applied to content, such as at least one of image content, video content, or audio content. In one or more examples, the augmented reality content may include an overlay or a filter that changes the appearance of one or more portions of content. In one or more examples, the augmented reality content may cause transformations to take place with respect to the appearance of one or more portions of content that is obtained in relation to the client application. 
     In one or more implementations, the content to which the one or more effects are applied may include content that is captured using one or more input devices of a client device. In various examples, the one or more effects may be applied to real-time content that is being captured by at least one camera of a client device. In additional examples, the content to which the one or more effects are applied may have been previously captured via one or more input devices of a client device. 
     In one or more illustrative examples, the augmented reality content may apply the one or more effects to content by modifying data related to pixels of the content. For example, the augmented reality content may indicate an object, a location, or a region proximate to the object and changes to be applied to pixels that correspond to the object, location, or region proximate to the object. In various examples, the changes made to pixels of the content in accordance with the one or more effects may take into consideration the characteristics of the pixels before the one or more effects are applied. To illustrate, in an example where the one or more effects correspond to eye shadow being applied to a region around an eye of a user of the client application, the original coloring of the skin around the eye of the individual may affect the modifications made to the region around the eye of the individual in response to the eye shadow being applied. That is, the application of eye shadow to the skin of individuals having different skin tones may provide different results. 
       FIG.  7    is a flowchart illustrating example operations of a process  700  to prepare third-party content for use in generating augmented reality content, according to one or more example implementations. The process  700  may include, at operation  702 , capturing user content using one or more input devices of a client device. In one or more examples, the content may be captured by at least one camera of a client device that executes an instance of a client application that provides at least one of messaging functionality or social networking functionality. In various examples, the content may be displayed via a user interface generated by the client application. The content may be real-time content that is being captured via at least one camera of a client device of a user of the client application. In additional examples, the content may have been previously captured by at least one camera and is stored in memory of a client device or in a remote storage location that is accessible to the client application. The content may include at least one of video content, audio content, image content, or text content. 
     The process  700  may also include, at operation  704 , determining augmented reality content to apply to the user content. The augmented reality content may be applied to the user content to make one or more modifications to the user content. In various examples, the augmented reality content applied to the user content may be based on third-party content that is accessed via the client application. In one or more examples, the augmented reality content may correspond to an advertisement related to one or more products offered for purchase via the client application. In one or more implementations, the client application may produce a user interface that includes a first section displaying third-party content and a second section that displays the user content obtained using one or more input devices of the client device. In these situations, the augmented reality content may correspond to the third-party content and cause one or more modifications to the user content displayed in the second section in accordance with one or more features of the third-party content displayed in the first section. 
     In addition, at operation  706 , the process  700  may include determining one or more first objects included in the user content that correspond to one or more second objects of the augmented reality content. For example, the user content may be analyzed according to one or more object detection techniques to determine characteristics of the one or more first objects included in the user content. To illustrate, the content may be analyzed to determine one or more of size, shape, color, texture, shading, or location of the one or more first objects. The characteristics of the one or more first objects may then be analyzed in relation to characteristics of the one or more second objects. In various examples, the characteristics of the one or more second objects may be stored in a library of objects related to third-party content. The characteristics of the one or more second objects may also be included in metadata of the third-party content. 
     In one or more examples, a measure of similarity may be determined between a first object and a second object. In one or more illustrative examples, the measure of similarity may be determined by analyzing an identifier of the first object in relation to an identifier of the second object. In one or more additional examples, the measure of similarity may be determined by analyzing at least one of a size of the first object, coloring of the first object, a shape of the first object, a texture of the first object, or shading of the first object in relation to corresponding at least one of a size of the second object, coloring of the second object, a shape of the second object, a texture of the second object, or shading of the second object. The first object may correspond to the second object based on the measure of similarity between the first object and the second object being at least a threshold measure of similarity. In these situations, the first object and the second object may be identified as a same or similar object. In various examples, the threshold measure of similarity may correspond to a similarity metric that is determined based on an analysis of first characteristics of the first object with respect to second characteristics of the second object. The analysis may be related to determining an amount of similarity between at least one of size, shape, color, texture, edges, and so forth, of the first object and the second object. In various examples, the analysis may determine an amount of confidence that the first object is a same or similar object with respect to the second object. In one or more implementations, the threshold measure of similarity may correspond to a threshold confidence level that the first object is a same or similar object with respect to the second object, such as an 80% confidence level, a 90% confidence level, a 95% confidence level, a 98% confidence level, or a 99% confidence level. 
     At operation  708 , the process  700  may include determining one or more effects of the augmented reality content to apply to the one or more first objects included in the user content. In various examples, the augmented reality content may indicate at least one effect that corresponds to a second object of the augmented reality content. For example, the augmented reality content may include metadata indicating one or more effects that correspond with each second object associated with the augmented reality content. The one or more effects may include visual effects that are related to at least one of an appearance of a second object or an appearance of a region proximate to the second object. The one or more effects may be applied to at least one first object that corresponds to a second object that is associated with the one or more effects by the augmented reality content item. 
     Further, the process  700  may include, at operation  710 , generating modified user content that includes the one or more effects applied to the one or more first objects. For example, after determining that a first object of the user content corresponds to a second object of the augmented reality content, one or more effects related to the second object may be applied to the first object. In these situations, applying the one or more effects to the first object may change at least one of an appearance of the first object or an appearance of a region proximate to the first object to correspond to at least one of an appearance of the second object or a region proximate to the second object. In one or more implementations, applying the one or more effects to the one or more first objects may include modifying at least one of a color, a texture, or shading of pixels that correspond to the one or more first objects in the user content. In situations where the first object and the second object correspond to clothing, applying the one or more visual effects to the user content may include altering an appearance of the user such that the user is wearing an item of clothing of the augmented reality content item that is different from an item of clothing being worn by the user in the user content. In additional examples where a second object of the augmented reality content is jewelry, applying the one or more effects may include modifying a body part of the user, such as an ear or wrist, such that the user content shows the user wearing the jewelry. In additional scenarios, applying the one or more effects may correspond to modifying a color of a piece of furniture or changing the appearance of a room to correspond to a rendering of a proposal to remodel the room. 
     The modified user content may be shared with other users of the client application via at least one of messaging functionality or social networking functionality of the client application. In various examples, after receiving the modified user content, an additional user of the client application may also cause the augmented reality content that was applied to the user content of the initial user to subsequently be applied to additional user content of the additional user. For example, the additional user may select one or more user interface elements to cause the one or more effects of the augmented reality content to be applied to additional content that is captured by one or more input devices of an additional client device of the additional user. In situations where the augmented reality content is related to applying a beauty product to a face of an individual, a first user may share modified user content with a second user that shows the beauty product applied to the face of the first user. The second user may then select one or more user interface elements to cause the beauty product to also be applied to the face of the second user. 
       FIG.  8    is an illustration of a user interface  800  that includes a first section  802  including third-party content  804  and a second section  806  including user content  808  captured in a field of view of a camera  810  that is modified according to the third-party content  804 , according to one or more example implementations. The user interface  800  may be displayed via a display device of the client device  102 . In addition, the user interface  800  may be displayed by a client application, such as the client application  104 , that includes at least one of messaging functionality or social networking functionality. In one or more examples, the user content  808  may display a magnified version of the content captured in the field of view of the camera  810 . For example, the second section  806  may include a magnification of a facial feature of a user of the client device  102 . In the illustrative example of  FIG.  8   , the second section  806  displays a magnification of an eye and the region proximate to the eye of the user of the client device  102 . 
     The third-party content  804  may include an advertisement. In one or more examples, the third-party content  804  may include an advertisement for a beauty product. In these scenarios, the advertisement for the beauty product may show the beauty product applied to a portion of a face of an individual. In one or more implementations, the second section  806  may show one or more visual effects applied to the user content  808  that correspond to the application of the beauty product to a portion of the face of the user of the client device  102  that corresponds to the application of the beauty product to the portion of the face of the individual shown in the third-party content  804 . In various examples, augmented reality content that corresponds to one or more visual effects shown in the first section  802  may be applied to the user content  808 . In one or more illustrative examples, augmented reality content generated based on the third-party content  804  may be applied to the user content  808  to recreate one or more visual effects of the third-party content  804  with respect to the user content  808 . In the illustrative example of  FIG.  8   , the user content  808  may be modified to show the application of the beauty product of the third-party content  804  to the eye of a user of the client device  102 . 
     Additionally, the user interface  800  may include a third section  812  that includes product information  814  related to a product offered for purchase via the client application. The product information  814  may includes at least one of image content, video content, audio content, or text content related to a product that corresponds to the third-party content  804 . In one or more examples, the product information  814  may include at least one of pricing information, seller information, manufacturer information, product description information, ratings information, or reviews information. In various examples, the third section  812  may also include a first user interface element  816  that is selectable to view additional information related to the product. In one or more examples, the first user interface element  816  may be selectable to display a page or other user interface that includes additional information about the product. The third section  812  may also include a second user interface element  818  that is selectable to purchase the product. In one or more implementations, the second user interface element  818  may be selectable to initiate a transaction (e.g., checkout process) to purchase the product. 
     Although not shown in the illustrative example of  FIG.  8   , the user interface  800  may also include an additional user interface element that is selectable to share a version of the user content  808  that has been modified in relation to the third-party content  804 . For example, at least one of the first section  802  or the second section  806  may include a user interface element that is selectable to share a modified version of the user content  808  using at least one of messaging functionality or social networking functionality of the client application. 
       FIG.  9    is an illustration of a user interface  900  to share content  902  generated by combining third-party content with camera field of view content, according to one or more example implementations. The user interface  900  may be displayed via a display device of the client device  102  and produced by a client application executed by the client device  102 , such as the client application  104 . In various examples, the content  902  may be a modified version of content captured by the camera  810 . For example, augmented reality content may be applied to user content to produce a modified version of the user content, in one or more illustrative examples, the content  902  may include modifications made to an appearance of a facial feature of an individual based on the third-party content  804  included in the user interface  800 . The user interface  900  may also include one or more first user interface elements  904  that are individually selectable to modify the content  902 . To illustrate, the first user interface elements  904  may include a user interface element that is selectable to add text content to the content  902 , such as a caption. Additionally, the first user interface elements  904  may include a user interface element that is selectable to add an image overlay to the content  902 , such as an image overlay related to a location of a user of the client application or a topic related to the content  902 . In various examples, the one or more first user interface elements  904  may be selectable to apply a filter to the content  902 . At least one of the one or more first user interface elements  904  may be selectable to launch one or more creative tools that may be used to modify the content  902 . The one or more creative tools may include at least one of one or more drawing tools or one or more painting tools. 
     The user interface  900  may also include one or more second user interface elements  906 . At least one of the second user interface elements  906  may be selectable to save the content  902  to memory of the client device  102 . In addition, at least one of the second user interface elements  906  may be selectable to save the content  902  to a collection of content items related to a user of the client device  102 . Further, the user interface  900  may include a third user interface element  908  that is selectable to share the content  902 . In one or more examples, selection of the third user interface element  908  may generate an additional user interface that includes at least one of one or more recipients or one or more destinations for the content  902 . In various examples, the third user interface element  908  may be selectable to generate a message to share the content  902 . In one or more additional examples, the third user interface element  908  may be selectable to share the content  902  via a post to a social network of the user of the client application  104 . 
       FIG.  10    is a block diagram illustrating components of a machine  1000 , according to some example implementations, able to read instructions from a machine-readable medium (e.g., a machine-readable storage medium) and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. Specifically,  FIG.  10    shows a diagrammatic representation of the machine  1000  in the example form of a computer system, within which instructions  1002  (e.g., software, a program, an application, an applet, an app, or other executable code) for causing the machine  1000  to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein may be executed. As such, the instructions  1002  may be used to implement modules or components described herein. The instructions  1002  transform the general, non-programmed machine  1000  into a particular machine  1000  programmed to carry out the described and illustrated functions in the manner described. In alternative implementations, the machine  1000  operates as a standalone device or may be coupled (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine  1000  may operate in the capacity of a server machine or a client machine in a server-client network environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. The machine  1000  may comprise, but not be limited to, a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), an entertainment media system, a cellular telephone, a smart phone, a mobile device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch), a smart home device (e.g., a smart appliance), other smart devices, a web appliance, a network router, a network switch, a network bridge, or any machine capable of executing the instructions  1002 , sequentially or otherwise, that specify actions to be taken by machine  1000 . Further, while only a single machine  1000  is illustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include a col lection of machines that individually or jointly execute the instructions  1002  to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. 
     The machine  1000  may include processors  1004 , memory/storage  1006 , and I/O components  1008 , which may be configured to communicate with each other such as via a bus  1010 . In an example implementation, the processors  1004  (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a radio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), another processor, or any suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, a processor  1012  and a processor  1014  that may execute the instructions  1002 . The term “processor” is intended to include multi-core processors  1004  that may comprise two or more independent processors (sometimes referred to as “cores”) that may execute instructions  1002  contemporaneously. Although  FIG.  10    shows multiple processors  1004 , the machine  1000  may include a single processor  1012  with a single core, a single processor  1012  with multiple cores (e.g., a multi-core processor), multiple processors  1012 ,  1014  with a single core, multiple processors  1012 ,  1014  with multiple cores, or any combination thereof. 
     The memory/storage  1006  may include memory, such as a main memory  1016 , or other memory storage, and a storage unit  1018 , bath accessible to the processors  1004  such as via the bus  1010 . The storage unit  1018  and main memory  1016  store the instructions  1002  embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. The instructions  1002  may also reside, completely or partially, within the main memory  1016 , within the storage unit  1018 , within at least one of the processors  1004  (e.g., within the processor&#39;s cache memory), or any suitable combination thereof, during execution thereof by the machine  1000 . Accordingly, the main memory  1016 , the storage unit  1018 , and the memory of processors  1004  are examples of machine-readable media. 
     The I/O components  1008  may include a wide variety of components to receive input, provide output, produce output, transmit information, exchange information, capture measurements, and so on. The specific I/O components  1008  that are included in a particular machine  1000  will depend on the type of machine. For example, portable machines such as mobile phones will likely include a touch input device or other such input mechanisms, while a headless server machine will likely not include such a touch input device. It will be appreciated that the I/O components  1008  may include many other components that are not shown in  FIG.  10   . The I/O components  1008  are grouped according to functionality merely for simplifying the following discussion and the grouping is in no way limiting. In various example implementations, the I/O components  1008  may include user output components  1020  and user input components  1022 . The user output components  1020  may include visual components (e.g., a display such as a plasma display panel (PDP), a light emitting diode (LEI)) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a projector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), acoustic components (e.g., speakers), haptic components (e.g., a vibratory motor, resistance mechanisms), other signal generators, and so forth. The user input components  1022  may include alphanumeric input components (e.g., a keyboard, a touch screen configured to receive alphanumeric input, a photo-optical keyboard, or other alphanumeric input components), point-based input components (e.g., a mouse, a touchpad, a trackball, a joystick, a motion sensor, or other pointing instrument), tactile input components (e.g., a physical button, a touch screen that provides location or force of touches or touch gestures, or other tactile input components), audio input components (e.g., a microphone), and the like. 
     In further example implementations, the I/O components  1008  may include biometric components  1024 , motion components  1026 , environmental components  1028 , or position components  1030  among a wide array of other components. For example, the biometric components  1024  may include components to detect expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facial expressions, vocal expressions, body gestures, or eye tracking), measure biosignals (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, perspiration, or brain waves), identify a person (e.g., voice identification, retinal identification, facial identification, fingerprint identification, or electroencephalogram based identification), and the like. The motion components  1026  may include acceleration sensor components (e.g., accelerometer), gravitation sensor components, rotation sensor components (e.g., gyroscope), and so forth. The environmental components  1028  may include, for example, illumination sensor components (e.g., photometer), temperature sensor components (e.g., one or more thermometer that detect ambient temperature), humidity sensor components, pressure sensor components (e.g., barometer), acoustic sensor components (e.g., one or more microphones that detect background noise), proximity sensor components (e.g., infrared sensors that detect nearby objects), gas sensors (e.g., gas detection sensors to detection concentrations of hazardous gases for safety or to measure pollutants in the atmosphere), or other components that may provide indications, measurements, or signals corresponding to a surrounding physical environment. The position components  1030  may include location sensor components (e.g., a GPS receiver component), altitude sensor components (e.g., altimeters or barometers that detect air pressure from which altitude may be derived), orientation sensor components (e.g., magnetometers), and the like. 
     Communication may be implemented using a wide variety of technologies. The I/O components  1008  may include communication components  1032  operable to couple the machine  1000  to a network  1034  or devices  1036 . For example, the communication components  1032  may include a network interface component or other suitable device to interface with the network  1034 . In further examples, communication components  1032  may include wired communication components, wireless communication components, cellular communication components, near field communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components to provide communication via other modalities. The devices  1036  may be another machine  1000  or any of a wide variety of peripheral devices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via a USB). 
     Moreover, the communication components  1032  may detect identifiers or include components operable to detect identifiers. For example, the communication components  1032  may include radio frequency identification (RFID) tag reader components, NFC smart tag detection components, optical reader components (e.g., an optical sensor to detect one-dimensional bar codes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code, multi-dimensional bar codes such as Quick Response (QR) code, Aztec code, Data Matrix, Dataglyph, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code, UCC RSS-2D bar code, and other optical codes), or acoustic detection components (e.g., microphones to identify tagged audio signals). In addition, a variety of information may be derived via the communication components  1032 , such as location via Internet Protocol (IP) geo-location, location via Wi-Fi® signal triangulation, location via detecting an NFC beacon signal that may indicate a particular location, and so forth. 
       FIG.  11    is a block diagram illustrating system  1100  that includes an example software architecture  1102 , which may be used in conjunction with various hardware architectures herein described.  FIG.  11    is a non-limiting example of a software architecture and it will be appreciated that many other architectures may be implemented to facilitate the functionality described herein. The software architecture  1102  may execute on hardware such as machine  1000  of  FIG.  10    that includes, among other things, processors  1004 , memory/storage  1006 , and input/output (I/O) components  1008 . A representative hardware layer  1104  is illustrated and can represent, for example, the machine  1000  of  FIG.  10   . The representative hardware layer  1104  includes a processing unit  1106  having associated executable instructions  1108 . Executable instructions  1108  represent the executable instructions of the software architecture  1102 , including implementation of the methods, components, and so forth described herein. The hardware layer  1104  also includes at least one of memory or storage modules memory/storage  1110 , which also have executable instructions  1108 . The hardware layer  1104  may also comprise other hardware  1512 . 
     In the example architecture of  FIG.  11   , the software architecture  1102  may be conceptualized as a stack of layers where each layer provides particular functionality. For example, the software architecture  1102  may include layers such as an operating system  1114 , libraries  1116 , frameworks/middleware  1118 , applications  1120 , and a presentation layer  1122 . Operationally, the applications  1120  or other components within the layers may invoke API calls  1124  through the software stack and receive messages  1126  in response to the API calls  1124 . The layers illustrated are representative in nature and not all software architectures have all layers. For example, some mobile or special purpose operating systems may not provide a frameworks/middleware  1118 , while others may provide such a layer. Other software architectures may include additional or different layers. 
     The operating system  1114  may manage hardware resources and provide common services. The operating system  1114  may include, for example, a kernel  1128 , services  1130 , and drivers  1132 . The kernel  1128  may act as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the other software layers. For example, the kernel  1128  may be responsible for memory management, processor management (e.g., scheduling), component management, networking, security settings, and so on. The services  1130  may provide other common services for the other software layers. The drivers  1132  are responsible for controlling or interfacing with the underlying hardware. For instance, the drivers  1132  include display drivers, camera drivers, Bluetooth® drivers, flash memory drivers, serial communication drivers (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB) drivers), Wi-Fi® drivers, audio drivers, power management drivers, and so forth depending on the hardware configuration. 
     The libraries  1116  provide a common infrastructure that is used by at least one of the applications  1120 , other components, or layers. The libraries  1116  provide functionality that allows other software components to perform tasks in an easier fashion than to interface directly with the underlying operating system  1114  functionality (e.g., kernel  1128 , services  1130 , drivers  1132 ). The libraries  1116  may include system libraries  1134  (e.g., C standard library) that may provide functions such as memory allocation functions, string manipulation functions, mathematical functions, and the like. In addition, the libraries  1116  may include API libraries  1136  such as media libraries (e.g., libraries to support presentation and manipulation of various media format such as MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG), graphics libraries (e.g., an OpenGL framework that may be used to render two-dimensional and three-dimensional in a graphic content on a display), database libraries (e.g., SQLite that may provide various relational database functions), web libraries (e.g., WebKit that may provide web browsing functionality), and the like. The libraries  1116  may also include a wide variety of other libraries  1138  to provide many other APIs to the applications  1120  and other software components/modules. 
     The frameworks/middleware  1118  (also sometimes referred to as middleware) provide a higher-level common infrastructure that may be used by the applications  1120  or other software components/modules. For example, the frameworks/middleware  1118  may provide various graphical user interface functions, high-level resource management, high-level location services, and so forth. The frameworks/middleware  1118  may provide a broad spectrum of other APIs that may be utilized by the applications  1120  or other software components/modules, some of which may be specific to a particular operating system  1114  or platform. 
     The applications  1120  include built-in applications  1140  and third-party applications  1142 . Examples of representative built-in applications  1140  may include, but are not limited to, a contacts application, a browser application, a book reader application, a location application, a media application, a messaging application, or a game application. Third-party applications  1142  may include an application developed using the ANDROID™ or IOS™ software development kit (SDK) by an entity other than the vendor of the particular platform, and may be mobile software running on a mobile operating system such as IOS™, ANDROID™, WINDOWS® Phone, or other mobile operating systems. The third-party applications  1142  may invoke the API calls  1124  provided by the mobile operating system (such as operating system  1114 ) to facilitate functionality described herein. 
     The applications  1120  may use built-in operating system functions (e.g., kernel  1128 , services  1130 , drivers  1132 ), libraries  1116 , and frameworks/middleware  1118  to create UIs to interact with users of the system. Alternatively, or additionally, in some systems, interactions with a user may occur through a presentation layer, such as presentation layer  1122 . In these systems, the application/component “logic” can be separated from the aspects of the application/component that interact with a user. 
     Glossary: 
     “CARRIER SIGNAL” in this context, refers to any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying transitory or non-transitory instructions  1002  for execution by the machine  1000 , and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible medium to facilitate communication of such instructions  1002 . Instructions  1002  may be transmitted or received over the network  110 ,  1034  using a transitory or non-transitory transmission medium via a network interface device and using any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols. 
     “CLIENT DEVICE,” in this context, refers to any machine  1000  that interfaces to a communications network  110 ,  1034  to obtain resources from one or more server systems or other client devices  102 . A client device  102  may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, desktop computer, laptop, PDAs, smart phones, tablets, ultra books, netbooks, laptops, multi-processor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, game consoles, set-top boxes, or any other communication device that a user may use to access a network  110 ,  1034 . 
     “COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK,” in this context, refers to one or more portions of a network  110 ,  1034  that may be an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless WAN (WWAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), the Internet, a portion of the Internet, a portion of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a plain old telephone service (POTS) network, a cellular telephone network, a wireless network, a Wi-Fi® network, another type of network, or a combination of two or more such networks. For example, a network  110 ,  1034  or a portion of a network may include a wireless or cellular network and the coupling may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) connection, a Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) connection, or other type of cellular or wireless coupling. In this example, the coupling may implement any of a variety of types of data transfer technology, such as Single Carrier Radio Transmission Technology (1×RTT), Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO) technology, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) technology, third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) including 3G, fourth generation wireless (4G) networks, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard, others defined by various standard setting organizations, other long range protocols, or other data transfer technology. 
     “EPHEMERAL MESSAGE,” in this context, refers to a message that is accessible for a time-limited duration. An ephemeral message may be a text, an image, a video, and the like. The access time for the ephemeral message may be set by the message sender. Alternatively, the access time may be a default setting, or a setting specified by the recipient. Regardless of the setting technique, the message is transitory. 
     “MACHINE-READABLE MEDIUM,” in this context, refers to a component, device, or other tangible media able to store instructions  1002  and data temporarily or permanently and may include, but is not limited to, random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), buffer memory, flash memory, optical media, magnetic media, cache memory, other types of storage (e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)) and/or any suitable combination thereof. The term “machine-readable medium” may be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, or associated caches and servers) able to store instructions  1002 . The term “machine-readable medium” shall also be taken to include any medium, or combination of multiple media, that is capable of storing instructions  1002  (e.g., code) for execution by a machine  1000 , such that the instructions  1002 , when executed by one or more processors  1004  of the machine  1000 , cause the machine  1000  to perform any one or more of the methodologies described herein. Accordingly, a “machine-readable medium” refers to a single storage apparatus or device, as well as “cloud-based” storage systems or storage networks that include multiple storage apparatus or devices. The term “machine-readable medium” excludes signals per se. 
     “COMPONENT,” in this context, refers to a device, physical entity, or logic having boundaries defined by function or subroutine calls, branch points, APIs, or other technologies that provide for the partitioning or modularization of particular processing or control functions. Components may be combined via their interfaces with other components to carry out a machine process. A component may be a packaged functional hardware unit designed for use with other components and a part of a program that usually performs a particular function of related functions. Components may constitute either software components (e.g., code embodied on a machine-readable medium) or hardware components. A “hardware component” is a tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain physical manner. In various example implementations, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone computer system, a client computer system, or a server computer system) or one or more hardware components of a computer system (e.g., a processor or a group of processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an application or application portion) as a hardware component that operates to perform certain operations as described herein. 
     A hardware component may also be implemented mechanically, electronically, or any suitable combination thereof. For example, a hardware component may include dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured to perform certain operations. A hardware component may be a special-purpose processor, such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or an ASIC. A hardware component may also include programmable logic or circuitry that is temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. For example, a hardware component may include software executed by a general-purpose processor  1004  or other programmable processor. Once configured by such software, hardware components become specific machines (or specific components of a machine  1000 ) uniquely tailored to perform the configured functions and are no longer general-purpose processors  1004 . It will be appreciated that the decision to implement a hardware component mechanically, in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software) may be driven by cost and time considerations. Accordingly, the phrase “hardware component” (or “hardware-implemented component”) should be understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certain operations described herein. Considering implementations in which hardware components are temporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of the hardware components need not be configured or instantiated at any one instance in time. For example, where a hardware component comprises a general-purpose processor  1004  configured by software to become a special-purpose processor, the general-purpose processor  1004  may be configured as respectively different special-purpose processors comprising different hardware components) at different times. Software accordingly configures a particular processor  1012 ,  1014  or processors  1004 , for example, to constitute a particular hardware component at one instance of time and to constitute a different hardware component at a different instance of time. 
     Hardware components can provide information to, and receive information from, other hardware components. Accordingly, the described hardware components may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multiple hardware components exist contemporaneously, communications may be achieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses) between or among two or more of the hardware components. In implementations in which multiple hardware components are configured or instantiated at different times, communications between such hardware components may be achieved, for example, through the storage and retrieval of information in memory structures to which the multiple hardware components have access. For example, one hardware component may perform an operation and store the output of that operation in a memory device to which it is communicatively coupled. A further hardware component may then, at a later time, access the memory device to retrieve and process the stored output. 
     Hardware components may also initiate communications with input or output devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection of information). The various operations of example methods described herein may be performed, at least partially, by one or more processors  1004  that are temporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured to perform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanently configured, such processors  1004  may constitute processor-implemented components that operate to perform one or more operations or functions described herein. As used herein, “processor-implemented component” refers to a hardware component implemented using one or more processors  1004 . Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partially processor-implemented, with a particular processor  1012 ,  1014  or processors  1004  being an example of hardware. For example, at least some of the operations of a method may be performed by one or more processors  1004  or processor-implemented components. Moreover, the one or more processors  1004  may also operate to support performance of the relevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as a “software as a service” (SaaS). For example, at least some of the operations may be performed by a group of computers (as examples of machines  1000  including processors  1004 ), with these operations being accessible via a network  110  (e.g., the Internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., an API). The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed among the processors, not only residing within a single machine  1000 , but deployed across a number of machines. In some example implementations, the processors  1004  or processor-implemented components may be located in a single geographic location (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment, or a server farm). In other example implementations, the processors  1004  or processor-implemented components may be distributed across a number of geographic locations. 
     “PROCESSOR,” in this context, refers to any circuit or virtual circuit (a physical circuit emulated by logic executing on an actual processor  1004 ) that manipulates data values according to control signals (e.g., “commands,” “op codes,” “machine code,” etc.) and which produces corresponding output signals that are applied to operate a machine  1000 . A processor  1004  may, for example, be a CPU, a RISC processor, a CISC processor, a GPU, a DSP, an ASIC, a RFIC or any combination thereof. A processor  1004  may further be a multi-core processor having two or more independent processors  1004  (sometimes referred to as “cores”) that may execute instructions  1002  contemporaneously. 
     “TIMESTAMP,” in this context, refers to a sequence of characters or encoded information identifying when a certain event occurred, for example giving date and time of day, sometimes accurate to a small fraction of a second. 
     Changes and modifications may be made to the disclosed implementations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. These and other changes or modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure, as expressed in the following claims.