Patent Publication Number: US-7903211-B2

Title: Liquid crystal display having reflection electrodes

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a divisional application of Ser. No. 10/909,975, filed Aug. 2, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,212,266 which is based upon and claims priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-25182, filed on Feb. 2, 2004, the contents being incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display and a method for fabricating the liquid crystal display, more specifically a liquid crystal display including reflection electrodes and a method for fabricating the liquid crystal display. 
     Reflective type liquid crystal displays are noted because they require no back light, which makes the electric power consumption low, and allows the displays to be thin and light. 
     However, the reflective type liquid crystal displays cannot have good visibility in dark surroundings. 
     As liquid crystal displays which can have good visibility even in dark surroundings, transmission type liquid crystal displays including back lights are proposed. The transmission type liquid crystal displays, which include back light, can have good visibility even in dark surroundings. 
     However, the transmission type liquid crystal displays, which have high current consumption, cannot satisfy the requirement of low electric power consumption. 
     Then, reflective transmission type liquid crystal displays which can work as reflective type liquid crystal displays in bright surroundings and in dark surroundings can work as transmission type liquid crystal displays are proposed. 
     Following references disclose the background art of the present invention. 
     [Patent Reference 1] 
     Specification of Japanese Patent Application Unexamined Publication No. Hei 11-101992 
     [Patent Reference 2] 
     Specification of Japanese Patent Application Unexamined Publication No. Hei 11-316382 
     [Patent Reference 3] 
     Specification of Japanese Patent Application Unexamined Publication No. 2001-343660 
     [Patent Reference 4] 
     Specification of Japanese Patent Application Unexamined Publication No. 2000-111902 
     [Patent Reference 5] 
     Specification of Japanese Patent Application Unexamined Publication No. 2000-298271 
     [Patent Reference 6] 
     Specification of Japanese Patent Application Unexamined Publication No. Hei 10-268289 
     [Patent Reference 7] 
     Specification of Japanese Patent Application Unexamined Publication No. 2000-267081 
     [Patent Reference 8] 
     Specification of Japanese Patent Application Unexamined Publication No. 2001-166289 
     [Patent Reference 9] 
     Specification of Japanese Patent Application Unexamined Publication No. 2002-296585 
     [Patent Reference 10] 
     Specification of Japanese Patent Application Unexamined Publication No. 2002-221716 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to provide a reflective transmission type liquid crystal display whose display quality is good in both the transmission display and the reflective display. 
     According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display comprising: a first substrate including a gate bus line; a data bus line formed intersecting the gate bus line; a thin film transistor formed near an intersection between the gate bus line and the data bus line; and a pixel electrode including a transmission electrode electrically connected to the thin film transistor and a reflection electrode electrically connected to the transmission electrode; a second substrate opposed to the first substrate and including an opposed electrode opposed to the pixel electrode; and a liquid crystal layer sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the reflection electrode being formed over another gate bus line which is different from said gate bus line, with an insulation layer formed therebetween. 
     According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display comprising: a first substrate including a gate bus line; a data bus line intersecting the gate bus line; a thin film transistor formed near an intersection between the gate bus line and the data bus line; and a pixel electrode including a transmission electrode electrically connected to the thin film transistor and a reflection electrode electrically connected to the transmission electrode; a second substrate opposed to the first substrate and including an opposed electrode opposed to the pixel electrode; and a liquid crystal layer sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the transmission electrode including a plurality of electrode units interconnected to each other by an interconnection pattern, and the reflection electrode being formed over the electrode unit with an insulation layer with convexities formed in the surface of the insulation layer, which is formed therebetween. 
     According to further another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display comprising: a first substrate including an insulation layer formed on a transparent substrate; a reflection electrode formed over the insulation layer; a color filter layer formed over the reflection electrode and the transparent substrate; and a transmission electrode formed over the color filter layer in a region adjacent to the reflection electrode and electrically connected to the reflection electrode; a second substrate opposed to the first substrate and including an opposed electrode opposed to the pixel electrode; and a liquid crystal layer sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a thickness of the color filter layer present over the reflection electrode being smaller than a thickness of the color filter layer present below the transmission electrode. 
     According to further another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display comprising: a first substrate including a gate bus line; a data bus line intersecting the gate bus line; a thin film transistor formed near an intersection between the gate bus line and the data bus line; a pixel electrode including a transmission electrode electrically connected to the thin film transistor and a reflection electrode electrically connected to the transmission electrode with convexities formed in a surface of the reflection electrode; a second substrate opposed to the first substrate and including an opposed electrode opposed to the pixel electrode; and a liquid crystal layer sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the reflection electrode including a first region with the color filter layer formed over and a second region without the color filter layer formed over, the reflection electrode having a directivity of the reflection intensity in azimuth direction or polar angle direction, and the second region being arranged so that the directivity of the reflection intensity of light reflected by the reflection electrode in the first region and the directivity of the reflection intensity of light reflected by the reflection electrode in the second region are the same. 
     According to further another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display comprising: a first substrate including a gate bus line; a data bus line intersecting the gate bus line; a thin film transistor formed near an intersection between the gate bus line and the data bus line; a pixel electrode including a transmission electrode electrically connected to the thin film transistor and a reflection electrode electrically connected to the transmission electrode with convexities formed in a surface of the transmission electrode; a second substrate opposed to the first substrate and including an opposed electrode opposed to the pixel electrode; and a liquid crystal layer sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the reflection electrode including a first region with the color filter layer formed over and a second region without the color filter layer formed over, the reflection electrode having a directivity of the reflection intensity in azimuth direction or polar angle direction, the directivity of the reflection intensity of light reflected by the reflection electrode in the first region and the directivity of the reflection intensity of light reflected by the reflection electrode in the second region being different from each other, and the second region being arranged so that the reflection intensity of light reflected by the reflection electrode in the first region is higher than the reflection intensity of light reflected by the reflection electrode in the second region. 
     According to further another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display comprising: a first substrate including gate bus lines; data bus lines intersecting the gate bus lines; thin film transistors respectively formed near an intersections between the gate bus lines and the data bus lines; and reflection electrodes respectively electrically connected to the thin film transistors; a second substrate opposed to the first substrate and including an opposed electrode opposed to the reflection electrodes; and a liquid crystal layer sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the reflection electrodes being arranged on a strip-shaped resin layer, and wrinkles being formed in a surface of the strip-shaped resin layer, the streaks of the wrinkles being perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the strip-shaped resin layer. 
     According to further another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display comprising: a first substrate including a gate bus line; a data bus line intersecting the gate bus line; a thin film transistor formed near an intersection between the gate bus lie and the data bus line; and a reflection electrode electrically connected to the thin film transistor; a second substrate opposed to the first substrate and including an opposed electrode opposed to the reflection electrode; and a liquid crystal layer sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the reflection electrode being formed on the resin layer with wrinkles in a surface of the resin layer, streaks of the wrinkles being formed concentrically. 
     According to further another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for fabricating a liquid crystal display comprising a first substrate including gate bus lines, data bus lines intersecting the gate bus lines, thin film transistors respectively formed near an intersections between the gate bus lines and the data bus lines, and reflection electrodes respectively electrically connected to the thin film transistors; a second substrate opposed to the first substrate and including an opposed electrode opposed to the reflection electrodes; and a liquid crystal layer sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a step of forming the first substrate comprising the steps of forming a strip-shaped resin layer over a transparent substrate; solidifying selectively the surfaces of the strip-shaped resin layer; performing thermal processing on the strip-shaped resin layer to form wrinkles in the surface of the strip-shaped resin layer, the streaks of the wrinkles being perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the strip-shaped resin layer; and forming a plurality of reflection electrodes over the strip-shaped resin layer. 
     According to further another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for fabricating a liquid crystal display comprising a gate bus line, a data bus line intersecting the gate bus line, a thin film transistor formed near an intersection between the gate bus lien and the data bus line, and a reflection electrode electrically connected to the thin film transistor; a second substrate opposed to the first substrate and including an opposed electrode opposed to the reflection electrode; and a liquid crystal layer sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a step of forming the first substrate comprising the steps of forming an island-shaped resin layer over a transparent substrate; solidifying selectively the surface of the island-shaped resin layer, performing thermal processing on the island-shaped resin layer to form wrinkles concentrically in the surface of the resin layer; and forming the reflection electrode over the island-shaped resin layer. 
     In the present invention, the pixel electrode is electrically connected to the thin film transistor formed near the intersection between the gate bus line and the data bus line, and the reflection electrode of the pixel electrode is formed on another gate bus line with the insulation layer formed therebetween. The gate bus lines are sequentially scanned, and a signal voltage is never applied simultaneously to the two gate bus lines. Accordingly, when a signal voltage is applied to the gate bus line, the thin film transistor is turned on, and the voltage is applied to the reflection voltage, the other gate bus line is open. Accordingly, no large capacitance is formed between the reflection electrode and the other gate bus line. Thus, according to the present invention, the decrease of a voltage applied between the reflection electrode and the opposed electrode can be prevented while the space which can not be used as the transmission region can be utilized. Thus, according to the present invention, the area decrease of the transmission part is prevented while the area of the reflection part can be increased, whereby the present invention can provide a reflective transmission type liquid crystal display of higher display quality. 
     According to the present invention, the storage capacitance bus line, the thin film transistor, etc. are disposed below the reflection electrode with the insulation layer formed therebetween, which permits the region which does not transmit light to be more utilized. Thus, according to the present invention, the decrease of the area of the transmission part is prevented while the area of the reflection part can further increased, whereby the present invention can provide a reflective transmission type liquid crystal display of higher display quality. 
     According to the present invention, the edge of the insulation layer is positioned on the storage capacitance bus line, etc., whereby the region near the edge of the insulation layer, where disalignments of the liquid crystal molecules tend to take place can be shaded by the storage capacitance bus line, etc. Thus, according to the present invention, roughness and contrast decrease can be prevented. 
     According to the present invention, the reflection electrode and the transmission electrode are connected to each other in the region near the edge of the insulation layer without forming a contact hole in the insulation layer, whereby the reflection efficiency decrease and the display quality deterioration can be prevented. 
     According to the present invention, the interconnection pattern is formed near the center line of the electrode units, whereby the electrode unit and the other electrode unit can be electrically connected to each other without affecting the four directional alignment. According to the present invention, the interconnection pattern is formed near the center line of the electrode units, and accordingly, the electrode unit and the drain electrode can be electrically connected to each other without failure without affecting the four direction alignment. According to the present invention, the interconnection pattern is formed near the center line of the electrode units, and accordingly the electrode unit and the reflection electrode can be electrically connected to each other without failure without affecting the four directional alignment. Thus, the present invention can ensure high display quality and can prevent the occurrence of display defects. 
     In the present invention, the convexities are formed in the surface of the insulation layer, the direction of the streaks of the convexities being substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line, and the same convexities are formed in the surface of the reflection electrode, reflecting the convexities formed in the surface of the insulation layer. The convexities formed in the surface of the reflection electrode  48  are extended substantially in the same direction, and accordingly the declination direction of the declined planes of most convexities are accordingly the same. Thus, according to the present invention, the reflectivity of light incident in a specific direction, e.g., from the left and right can be improved. When the screen is watched under conditions for providing high reflectivity, even the reflection display can be bright. The brightness of the transmission display is retained sufficient while the brightness of the reflection display can be improved. 
     In the present invention, the alignment control structure formed on the second substrate is in contact with the reflection electrode formed on the insulation layer on the first substrate, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is retained mainly by the height of the alignment control structure and the thickness of the insulation layer on the first substrate. According to the present invention, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is retained by the alignment control structure on the second substrate and the insulation layer on the first substrate, which makes it unnecessary to provide extra means for retaining the thickness of the liquid crystal layer. Thus, the present invention can provide a liquid crystal display of a simple structure. 
     In the present invention, the alignment control structure is formed not only on the second substrate but also on the first substrate, whereby the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules can be stabilized. Thus, the present invention can provide a liquid crystal display of higher display quality. 
     In the present invention, the region where the reflection is not formed is present at the edge of the insulation layer, whereby slant electric fields caused by the reflection electrode can be made small near the edge of the insulation layer. Thus, according to the present invention, disalignment of the liquid crystal molecules at the edge of the insulation layer can be suppressed, and higher display quality can be realized. 
     In the present invention, the insulation layer is formed in an island-shape for the reflection part of each pixel, and the first convexities and the second convexities are formed in the surface of the insulation layer. The directions of the streak of the first convexities are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line, and the direction of the streak of the second convexities are substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line. The same convexities are formed in the surface of the reflection electrode, reflecting the convexities formed in the surface of the insulation layer. Most of the first convexities formed in the surface of the reflection electrode are aligned in the same direction, and accordingly the declination direction of the declined planes of the first convexities are the same. Most of the second convexities formed in the surface of the reflection electrode are aligned in the same direction, and accordingly the declination direction of the declined planes of the most of the second convexities are the same. Furthermore, the declination direction of the declined planes of the first convexities are substantially perpendicular to the declination direction of the declined planes of the second convexities. Thus, according to the present invention, not only light incident, e.g., from the left and right, but also the light incident, e.g., from above and below can exit to the front surface of the screen of the liquid crystal display at high intensities. Thus, the present invention can provide a liquid crystal display of higher display quality. 
     In the present invention, the reflection electrode is formed on the solid portion of the electrode unit with the insulation layer having the convexities formed in the surface with the insulation layer formed therebetween. According to the present invention, the reflection electrode is not formed on the gate bus line, whereby the formation of large capacitances between the reflection electrode and the gate bus line or between the reflection electrode and the data bus line is prevented. Thus, the present invention can provide a liquid crystal display of high display quality. 
     In the present invention, the reflection electrode is formed not only above the solid portion but also above the storage capacitance bus line, whereby the region which cannot function as the transmission region can be utilized as the reflection region. Thus, the present invention can improve the reflection efficiency. 
     In the present invention, the color filter layer is formed at the central part of the reflection part, and the color filter layer is not formed in the region of the reflection part other than the central part. The area ratio between the region where the color filter layer is formed in the reflection part and the region where the color filter is not formed in the reflection part is suitably set, whereby the color density of the reflection part can be adjusted. Thus, according to the present invention, extreme increase of the color density of the reflection part can be prevented in comparison with the color density of the transmission part. Accordingly, the color density of the transmission part and that of the reflection part can be made substantially equal to each other. 
     In the present invention, one and the same color filter layer used in the transmission part is used in the reflection part, which makes it unnecessary to form a planarization layer of a transparent resin on the second substrate. Accordingly, this contributes to the cost reduction. 
     In the present invention, the alignment control structure is formed below the color filter layer at the central part of the reflection electrode. According to the present invention, the voltage to be applied to the liquid crystal layer can be partially decreased by the alignment control structure, whereby the phase difference conditions for the liquid crystal layer can be adjusted. 
     In the present invention, the color filter layer is formed on the reflection electrode and below the transmission electrode, and the thickness of the color filter layer on the reflection electrode is smaller than the thickness of the color filter layer below the transmission electrode, whereby extreme increase of the color density in the reflection part in comparison with the color density in the transmission part can be prevented. 
     In the present invention, the color filter layer is formed on the reflection electrode, whereby the voltage to be applied to the liquid crystal layer of the reflection part can be decreased by the color filter layer present on the reflection electrode. Thus, according to the present invention, the thickness of the color filter layer present on the reflection electrode is suitably set, whereby phase difference conditions can be matched between the reflection part and the transmission part. 
     In the present invention, the surface of the first substrate is planarized with the color filter layer, which allows the thickness of the liquid crystal layer to be retained simply by arranging a universal spacer between the first and the second substrates. That is, in the present invention, the thickness of the liquid crystal is retained with a simple means. 
     In the present invention, convexities are formed concentric in the reflection electrode, and the non-colored region is arranged so that the presence ratio between the longitudinal wrinkles and the transversal wrinkles in the non-colored region of the reflection part and the presence ratio between the longitudinal wrinkles and the transversal wrinkles in the colored region of the reflection part are substantially equal to each other, whereby the exit direction of light reflected in the non-colored region and the exit direction of light reflected in the colored region can be made substantially the same. Thus according to the invention, extreme difference between the color density in the reflection part and the color density in the transmission region can be prevented while the color regeneration range can be made large. 
     In the present invention, the streaks of the convexities are formed in the surface of the reflection electrode in alignment with each other, and the colored region is arranged in the region where the ends of the streaks of the convexities are not contained, and the non-colored region is arranged, containing the ends of the streaks of the convexities. Accordingly, under condition for the bright display, a large color regeneration range can be obtained. On the other hand, under conditions for the dark display, the color regeneration range is small. However, under conditions for the dark display, the small color regeneration range is difficult to recognize, practically without special problems. Thus, the present invention can provide a liquid crystal display of good display quality. 
     According to the present invention, the area of the non-colored region is varied by colors of the color filter layer, whereby good white color display be realized. 
     In the present invention, the resin layer is formed in a strip along the gate bus line, and convexities are formed in the surface of the resin layer, the direction of the streaks of the convexities being substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the resin layer. In the present invention, the reflection electrode is formed on the insulation layer with such convexities formed in, and the same convexities are formed also in the surface of the reflection electrode, reflecting the convexities in the surface of the resin layer. The declination direction of the declined planes of the convexities substantially agree the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line. Thus, according to the present invention, the reflectivity of light incident, e.g., from the left and right can be increased. That is, according to the present invention, the reflectivity of light incident, e.g., from the left and right of the screen or from above and below the screen can be increased. Thus, according to the present invention, the brightness of the reflection display can be increased. 
     In the present invention, the resin layer has a projected pattern projected from the region between the adjacent reflection electrodes. At the forward end of the projected pattern, the declination of the plane of the side wall of the resin layer is blunt to the substrate surface, and when the conduction film is dry etched to form the reflection electrode, the residue of the conduction film is not easily left at the forward end of the projected pattern. Thus, according to the present invention, the shorting of the adjacent reflection electrodes can be prevented without failure. 
     In the present invention, the light shielding film is formed below the resin layer, whereby the reflection of light by the exposure stage can be prevented, and disuniform sensitization of the resin film in the exposure can be prevented. Accordingly, according to the present invention, the convexities can be uniformly formed in the surface of the resin layer, and a liquid crystal display of good display quality can be provided. 
     In the present invention, the resin layer is formed in an island-shape, and convexities are formed concentrically in the surface of the island-shaped resin layer. The reflection electrode is formed on the insulation layer with the convexities formed concentric in the surface, and the same concentric convexities are also formed in the surface of the reflection electrode. Accordingly, first convexities are formed in the surface of the reflection electrode, the directions of the streaks of the convexities being substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line, and second convexities are formed in the surface of the reflection electrode, the directions of the streaks of the convexities being substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line. The declination direction of the declined planes of the first convexities substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line substantially agrees with the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line. The declination direction of the declined planes of the second convexities substantially parallel with the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line substantially agrees with the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line. Thus, according to the present invention, light incident from the left and right of the screen of the liquid crystal display and light incident from above and below the screen of the liquid crystal display can exit to the front surface of the screen of the liquid crystal display at high light intensities. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIGS. 1A and 1B  are plan views of the liquid crystal display according to a first embodiment of the present invention (Part 1). 
         FIG. 2  is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment of the present invention (Part 1). 
         FIGS. 3A and 3B  are plan views of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment of the present invention (Part 2). 
         FIG. 3C  is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment of the present invention (Part 2). 
         FIGS. 4A and 4B  are plan views of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment of the present invention (Part 3). 
         FIG. 5  is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment of the present invention (Part 3). 
         FIG. 6  is a plan view of display states of respective pixels in the reflection display. 
         FIG. 7  is a plan view of display states of respective pixels in the transmission display. 
         FIG. 8  a view illustrating a method of measuring visual angle characteristics of the reflectivity of light. 
         FIG. 9  is a graph of the visual angle characteristics of the reflectivity of light. 
         FIGS. 10A and 10B  are plan views (Part 1) of the liquid crystal display according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 11A and 11B  are plan views (Part 2) of the liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 12  is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 13  is a plan view of the display states of respective pixels in the reflection display. 
         FIG. 14  is a plan view of the display states of respective pixels in the transmission display. 
         FIG. 15  is a view of the visual angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 16A and 16B  are plan views (Part 1) of the liquid crystal display according to a third embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 17  is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 18A and 18B  are plan views (Part 2) of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 19A and 19B  are plan views (Part 3) of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 20A and 20B  are plan views (Part 1) of the liquid crystal display according to a modification of the third embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 21A and 21B  are plan views (Part 2) of the liquid crystal display according to the modification of the third embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 22  is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 23A and 23B  are plan views of the liquid crystal display according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 24  is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 25A and 25B  are plan views of the liquid crystal display according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 26  is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to a modification of the fifth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 27A and 27B  are plan views of the liquid crystal display according to the modification of the fifth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 28A and 28B  are plan views (Part 1) of the liquid crystal display according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 29  is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 30A and 30B  are graphs of the results of evaluating the liquid crystal display according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 31A and 31B  are plan views of the liquid crystal display according to a control. 
         FIGS. 32A to 32C  are plan views of the reflection part of the liquid crystal display according to the sixth embodiment and the reflection part of the liquid crystal display according to the control. 
         FIG. 33  is a plan view of the reflection part of the liquid crystal display according to Modification 1 of the sixth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 34A and 34B  are graphs of the results of evaluating the liquid crystal display according to Modification 1 of the sixth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 35  is a plan view of the reflection part of the liquid crystal display according to Modification 2 of the sixth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 36A and 36B  are plan views of the liquid crystal display according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 37  is a plan view of the reflection part of the liquid crystal display according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 38A and 38B  are graphs of the results of evaluating the liquid crystal display according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 39  is a plan view of the reflection part of the liquid crystal display according to a modification of the seventh embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 40A to 40C  are plan views of the reflection part of the liquid crystal display according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 41  is a graph of chromaticity coordinates of the liquid crystal display according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 42  is a plan view of the liquid crystal display according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 43  is the sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention along the line A-A′. 
         FIGS. 44A to 44D  are sectional views of the liquid crystal display according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention in the steps of the method for fabricating the liquid crystal display, which illustrate the method (Part 1). 
         FIGS. 45A to 45D  are sectional views of the liquid crystal display according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention in the steps of the method for fabricating the liquid crystal display, which illustrate the method (Part 2). 
         FIGS. 46A to 46D  are sectional views of the liquid crystal display according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention in the steps of the method for fabricating the liquid crystal display, which illustrate the method (Part 3). 
         FIGS. 47A to 47D  are sectional views of the liquid crystal display according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention in the steps of the method for fabricating the liquid crystal display, which illustrate the method (Part 4). 
         FIGS. 48A to 48C  are plan views of modifications of the liquid crystal display according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 49  is a plan view of the liquid crystal display according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 50  is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 51A to 51C  are sectional views of the liquid crystal display according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention in the steps of the method for fabricating the liquid crystal display, which illustrate the method (Part 1). 
         FIGS. 52A to 52C  are sectional views of the liquid crystal display according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention in the steps of the method for fabricating the liquid crystal display, which illustrate the method (Part 2). 
         FIGS. 53A to 53C  are plan views of modifications of the liquid crystal display according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 54  is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 55A to 55D  are sectional views of the liquid crystal display according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention in the steps of the method for fabricating the liquid crystal display, which illustrate the method. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In the proposed reflective transmission type liquid crystal displays, a required voltage cannot be applied between the reflection electrodes and the opposed electrodes, and the reflective display cannot have often good display quality. 
     In the proposed reflective transmission type liquid crystal displays, in ensuring sufficient brightness of the transmission display, the reflective display is dark. Here, it is an idea to improve the brightness of the reflection display by increasing the area of the reflection unit. However, this decreases the area of the transmission unit, which reduces the brightness of the transmission display. 
     In the proposed reflective transmission type liquid crystal displays, the color density of the reflective display becomes so high in comparison with the color density of the transmission display, and good quality of the display has not been often provided. 
     A First Embodiment 
     The liquid crystal display according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 1A to 9 .  FIGS. 1A and 1B  are plan views of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment (Part 1). In  FIG. 1A , the insulation layer and the reflection electrode are omitted. In  FIG. 1B , the insulation film and the reflection electrode are shown.  FIG. 2  is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment (Part 1).  FIGS. 3A and 3B  are plan views of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment (Part 2).  FIG. 3A  illustrates the TFT substrate.  FIG. 3B  is the CF substrate of the region corresponding to  FIG. 3A .  FIG. 3C  is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment (Part 2).  FIG. 3C  is the sectional view along the line B-B′ in  FIG. 3A .  FIGS. 4A and 4B  are plan views of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment (Part 3).  FIG. 4A  illustrates the TFT substrate.  FIG. 4B  illustrate the CF substrate of the region corresponding to  FIG. 4A .  FIG. 5A  is the sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment (Part 3). 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment includes a TFT substrate  2 , a CF substrate  4  opposed to the TFT substrate  2 , and a liquid crystal layer  6  sealed between the TFT substrate  2  and the CF substrate  4 . 
     First, the TFT substrate  2  will be explained with reference to the drawings. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 1A to 2 , a plurality of gate bus lines  12   a ,  12   b  are formed on a glass substrate  10 . The gate bus lines  12  are formed substantially in parallel with each other. On both sides of each of the gate bus lines  12 , a Cs (storage capacitance) bus line  14  and a Cs dummy bus line  16  are formed. Each gate bus line  12  functions as the gate electrode of a TFT (Thin Film Transistor)  18 . The Cs bus line  14  is formed substantially in parallel with the gate bus line  12 . The Cs dummy bus line  16  is formed substantially in parallel with the gate bus line  12 . The Cs bus line  14  forms a prescribed capacitance together with a pixel electrode  52  to thereby retain the pixel electrode  52  at a prescribed potential. The gate bus lines  12 , the Cs bus line  14  and the Cs dummy bus lines  16  are formed of one and the same conduction film. 
     Agate insulation film  20  of, e.g., a silicon nitride film is formed on the glass substrate  10  with the gate bus line  12 , the Cs bus line  14  and the dummy bus line  16  formed on. 
     A channel layer  22  of, e.g., amorphous silicon is formed on the gate insulation film  20 . The channel layer  22  is illustrated in  FIG. 1A  but is omitted in  FIG. 2 . 
     On the channel layer  22  and the gate insulation film  20 , a source electrode  24   a  and a drain electrode  24   b  are formed. Thus, the thin film transistor including the gate electrode  12 , the channel layer  22 , the source electrode  24   a , the drain electrode  24   b , etc. is formed. 
     A Cs opposed electrode (intermediate electrode)  26  is formed near the Cs bus line  14  with the gate insulation film  20  formed therebetween. The Cs opposed electrode  26  provides a large capacitance together with the Cs bus line  14 . The Cs opposed electrode  26 , the source electrode  24   a  and the drain electrode  24   b  are formed of one and the same conduction film. 
     On the gate insulation film  20 , a plurality of data bus lines  28  are formed substantially perpendicular to the gate bus lines  12 , etc. The plurality of data bus lines  28  are formed substantially in parallel with each other. The data bus lines  28 , the source electrodes  24   a  the drain electrodes  24   b  and the Cs opposed electrodes  26  are formed of one and the same conduction film. The data bus lines  28  and the source electrodes  24   a  of the thin film transistor  18  are formed integral with each other. 
     A protection film  29  is formed on the glass substrate  10  with the data bus lines  28 , the Cs opposed electrodes  26 , etc. formed on. 
     Contact holes  30   a  and the contact holes  30   b  are formed in the protection film  29  respectively down to the drain electrodes  24   b  and the Cs opposed electrodes  26 . 
     Transmission electrodes  32   a ,  32   b  of ITO film are formed on the protection film  29 . Each transmission electrode  32  includes two electrode units  34   a ,  34   b . In the present embodiment, each transmission electrode  32  has two electrode units  34   a ,  34   b . However, the number of the electrode units  34  included in each transmission electrode  32  is not limited to two and can be one, three or more. Each electrode unit  34  comprises a solid portion  36   a  and a plurality of extensions  36   b  extended outward from the solid portion  36   a . The extensions  36   b  toward the longitudinal direction of the data bus lines  28  are extended at 45 degrees or 135 degrees. 
     The electrode unit  34   a  and the electrode unit  34   b  are interconnected by an interconnection pattern. The interconnection pattern  38   a  for interconnecting the electrode unit  34   a  and the electrode unit  34   b  is formed near the center line of the electrode units  34 . The electrode unit  34   a , which is nearer to the drain electrode  24   b  has an interconnection pattern  38   b  for the electric interconnection with the drain electrode  24   b . The electrode unit  34   b , which is nearer to the reflection electrodes  48 , has an interconnection pattern  38   c  for the electric interconnection with the reflection electrodes  48 . The electrode units  34   a ,  34   b  and the interconnection patterns  38   a - 38   c  are formed of one and the same ITO film. The transmission electrode  32  is connected to the drain electrode  24  of the thin film transistor through the contact hole  30   a  and connected to the Cs opposed electrode  26  through the contact hole  30   b.    
     An insulation layer  40  of, e.g., a positive-type resist is formed on the interconnection patterns  38   b ,  38   c  of the transmission electrode  32  and the protection film  29 . The insulation layer  40  is formed in strip-shape in the region between the Cs bus line  14  and the Cs dummy bus line  16 . The thickness of the insulation layer  40  is, e.g., about 2 μm. The insulation layer  40  in the region has one edge positioned on the Cs bus line  14  and the other edge positioned on the Cs dummy bus line  16 . Streaks of convexities (wrinkles)  42   a  (see  FIGS. 3A and 3C , and  FIG. 4A ) are formed side by side in the surface of the insulation layer  40 . The streaks of the convexities  42   a  are omitted in  FIG. 1B . Most of the directions of the streaks of the convexities  42   a  are arranged substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the strip-shaped insulation layer  40 , i.e., substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12 . 
     The streaks of the convexities  42   a  are formed in the surface of the insulation layer  40  in a uniform direction, so that the streaks of the convexities are formed in the surface of the reflection electrode  48  in the uniform direction, reflecting the convexities  42   a  in the surface of the insulation layer  40 . The streaks of the convexities  42   a  are formed in the surface of the reflection electrode  48  in the uniform direction, so that light incident in a specific direction can exit to the front surface of the liquid crystal display at high light intensity. 
     The convexities  42   a  can be formed in the following way. 
     That is, first a positive-type resist film, for example, is formed. Then, resist film is pre-baked. Next, the resist film is patterned. The insulation layer  40  of the resist film is formed in a strip shape. 
     Next, the insulation layer  40  is thermally processed (post-baked). The thermal processing temperature is, e.g., about 130-170° C. 
     Next, ion implantation, irradiation of UV (ultraviolet) radiation, etc. are performed on the surface of the insulation layer  40  to solidify the surface of the insulation layer  40 . 
     Next, thermal processing (hard cure) is performed on the insulation layer  40  at a temperature higher than that of the post-bake. The thermal processing temperature is, e.g., about 190-230° C. The surface of the insulation layer  40  has been already cured by the ion implantation, etc. while the inside of the insulation layer  40  is thermally much shrunk by the heat processing (hard cure) of the relatively high temperature. Accordingly, the convexities (wrinkles)  42   a  are formed in the surface of the insulation layer  40 . In the present embodiment, the thermal processing of the relatively high temperature applies a large stress to the insulation layer  40 , which is formed in a strip shape, in the longitudinal direction of the insulation layer  40 . Resultantly, the convexities  42   a  which are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the insulation layer  40  are formed in wrinkles. Most of the directions of the streak of the convexities  42   a  are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 4A , alignment control structures  44   a ,  44   b  are formed on the data bus line  28 . The alignment control structures  44   a ,  44   b  are for controlling the alignment directions of the liquid crystal molecules  46  of the liquid crystal layer  6 . The alignment control structures  44   a ,  44   b  are formed of the one and the same resist film as the insulation layer  40 . The alignment control structures  44   a ,  44   b  have, e.g., a triangular shape or quadrangular shape (rhombic shape). In  FIGS. 1A to 3C , the alignment control structures  44  are omitted. 
     The reflection electrodes  48   a ,  48   b  are formed on the insulation layer  40 . The reflection electrode  48   b  is not electrically connected to the transmission electrode  32   b  driven by the gate bus line  12   b , which is present below the reflection electrode  48   b  but is electrically connected to the transmission electrode  32   a  driven by the gate bus line  12   a , which is different from the gate bus line  12   b , which is present below the reflection electrode  48   b.    
     The reflection electrodes  48  are formed on the insulation layer  40  with the convexities  42   a  formed on, and the convexities  42   a  are formed in the surface of the reflection electrode  48 , reflecting the convexities  42   a  formed in the surface of the insulation layer  40 . In the surface of the reflection electrode  48 , the streaks of the convexities  42   a  are formed substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12 . The convexities  42   a  are aligned substantially in the same direction. The declination direction of the declined surfaces of the convexities  42   a  formed in the surface of the reflection electrode  48  are substantially in agreement with the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12 . The declined surfaces of most of the convexities  42   a  are declined in the same direction, which makes it possible for light incident in a specific direction to exit to the front surface of the liquid crystal display at high light intensity. In the present embodiment, in which the declination direction of the declined surfaces of most convexities  42   a  are substantially in agreement with the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line,  12 , when the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12  agrees with the horizontal direction of the liquid crystal display, light incident from the left and right of the liquid crystal display exits to the front surface of the liquid crystal display at high light intensity. In  FIG. 3A , the arrows indicate the direction in which light reflectivity is highest. 
     The regions where the reflection electrode  48  is not formed is present in edge portion of the insulation layer  40 . An interconnection pattern  50  interconnected with the interconnection pattern  38   c  of the transmission electrode  32  is formed near the center line of the reflection electrode  48 . The interconnection pattern  50  of the reflection electrode  48  is connected to the interconnection pattern  38   c  of the transmission electrode  32  near the edge of the insulation layer  40 . 
     The transmission electrode  32  and the reflection electrode  48  form the pixel electrode  52 . As described above, the transmission electrode  32  includes the two electrode units  34   a ,  34   b , and the electrode units  34   a ,  34   b  respectively form sub-pixels  35   a ,  35   b . The reflection electrode  48   b  forms a sub-pixel  35   c . Thus, the pixel electrode  52  is constituted by three sub-pixels  35   a - 35   c . The region where the transmission electrode  52  is formed is a region transmitting the light applied by the back light and is called a transmission part  54 . The region where the reflection electrode  48  is formed is a region reflecting light incident from the outside and is called a reflection part  56 . 
     Thus, the TFT substrate  2  is constituted. 
     Then, a CF substrate  4  will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 3B ,  4 B and  5 . 
     A black matrix layer  60  is formed below the glass substrate  58  (see  FIG. 4B ). The black matrix layer  60  is formed, positioned above the data bus lines  28 . The black matrix layer  60  has the width which is relatively larger near the reflection part  56  and smaller near the transmission part  54 . The black matrix layer  60  is not formed at the border between the reflection part  56  and the transmission part  54 . For high aperture ratios, the black matrix layer  60  is not formed between the reflection part  56  and the transmission part  54 . 
     A color filter layer  62  is formed below the glass substrate  58 , where the black matrix layer  60  is formed. An opening  64  is formed in the color filter layer  62  in the reflection part  56 . The opening  64  is formed in the color filter  62  in the reflection part  56  for the following reason. That is, in the reflection part  56 , light incident from the outside passes through the color filter layer  62  to be reflected on the reflection electrode  48  and again passes through the color filter layer  62  to exit outside. In other words, in the reflection part  56 , the light passes twice through the color filter layer  62 . Accordingly, in the case that the color filter layer  62  is formed simply on the entire reflection part, light exiting the reflection part  56  is darker than light exiting the transmission part  54 . In the present embodiment, where the opening  64  is formed in the color filter layer  62  in the reflection part  56 , light incident from the outside is reflected, in the opening  64 , on the reflection electrode  48  without passing through the color filter layer  62  and then, without passing through the color filter layer  62 , exits outside. Accordingly, the light exiting through the opening  64  acts to decrease color density. Thus, the size of the opening  64  is suitably set, whereby the thickening of the color density of the transmission part  54  with respect to that of the reflection part  56  can be prevented. 
     A planarization layer  66  of a transparent resin is formed below the color filter layer  62 . 
     An opposed electrode  68  of ITO film is formed below the planarization layer  66 . 
     Alignment control structures  70   a ,  70   b  for controlling the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules  46  of the liquid crystal layer  6  are formed below the opposed electrode  68 . The height of the alignment control structure  70  is, e.g., about 2 μm. The alignment control structure  70   b  positioned above the center of the electrode units  34  has, e.g., a quadrangular (rhombic) plane shape. The alignment control structure  70   a  positioned above the data bus line  28  in the reflection part  56  has, e.g., a quadrangular (rectangular) plane shape. None of the alignment control structures are formed above the center of the reflection electrode  48  so that the aperture ratio of the reflection part  56  can be high. 
     Thus, the CF substrate  4  is constituted. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , the TFT substrate  2  and the CF substrate  4  are arranged with the pixel electrode  52  and the opposed electrode  68  opposed to each other. The liquid crystal layer  6  is sealed between the TFT substrate  2  and the CF substrate  4 . The liquid crystal layer  6  is formed of a liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy. 
     The reflection electrodes  48  on the insulation layer  40  of the TFT substrate  2 , and the alignment control structures  70   a  of the CF substrate  4  are in contact with each other to thereby retain the thickness of the liquid crystal layer  6 . The thickness of the liquid crystal layer  6  is retained mainly by the insulation layer  40  and the alignment control structure  70   a . As described above, the thickness of the insulation layer  40  is about 2 μm, and the height of the alignment control structure  70   a  is about 2 μm. Accordingly, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer  6  in the reflection parts  56  is about 2 μm. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer  6  in the transmission parts  54  is about 4 μm. 
     Thus, a liquid crystal panel  8  including the TFT substrate  2 , the CF substrate  4  and the liquid crystal layer  6  is constituted. 
     Circular polarization plates (not shown) are bonded to both surfaces of the liquid crystal panel  8 . The circular polarization plates are adhered to the liquid crystal panel  8  with a light diffusing adhesive. The light diffusing adhesive forms a light diffusion layer. The light diffusion layer is for suitably diffusing light for good display characteristics. A back light unit (not shown) is provided on the backside of the liquid crystal panel  8 . The liquid crystal panel  8  is connected to a drive circuit (not shown). 
     Thus, the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is constituted. 
     Next, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules  46  of the liquid crystal layer  6  will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 4A and 4B . 
     First, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules  46  in the region where the electrode units  34  are formed will be explained. 
     In the region of the region where the electrode units  34  are formed, where the extensions  36   b  are formed, the extension direction of the extensions  36   b  and the alignment control structures  44   a ,  44   b ,  70   b  control the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules  46 . In the region where the extensions  36   b  are formed, the liquid crystal molecules  46  are aligned along the extension direction of the extensions  36   b.    
     In the region of the region where the electrode units  34  are formed, where the solid portions  36   b  are formed, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules  46  is controlled by the slant electric field in the periphery portion of the solid portions  36   a  and the alignment control structures  44   a ,  44   b ,  70   b . Accordingly, in the region where the solid parts  36   a  are formed, the liquid crystal molecules  46  are aligned toward the centers of the solid parts  36   a.    
     Thus, in the region where the electrode units  34  are formed, the alignment is divided roughly four directions. 
     Then, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules  46  in the region where the reflection electrode  48  is formed will be explained. 
     In the region where the reflection electrode  48  is formed, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules  46  is controlled by the alignment control structure  70   a . Accordingly, in the region where the reflection electrode  48  is formed, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12 . 
     (Evaluation Result) 
     Next, the result of evaluating the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 6 and 7 . 
     First, the evaluation result of displays of the respective pixels will be explained.  FIG. 6  is a plan view of displays of the respective pixels in the reflective display.  FIG. 7  is a plan view of displays of the respective pixels in the transmission display. The display colors of the respective pixels are red, green and blue from the left side of the drawing. 
     In all the colors, the displays are good without dark lines and roughness. This means that the liquid crystal molecules  48  are well aligned. 
     Next, the result of measuring the transmittance will be explained. In measuring the transmittance, light is incident on the backside of the liquid crystal panel  8 , and light exiting at the front surface was measured. The incident direction of the light was normal to the substrate surface. The measuring points were normal to the substrate surface. The measured transmittance was about 8%, and the result was good. 
     Then, the result of measuring the reflectivity will be explained. In measuring the reflectivity, light was incident on the front surface of the liquid crystal panel  8 , and the light exiting at the front surface was measured. The incident direction of the light was 25 degrees to the normal to the substrate surface. The measuring point was normal to the substrate surface. The measured reflectivity was about 7%, and the result was good. 
     Next, the result of measuring the contrast of the transmission display will be explained. In measuring the contrast of the transmission display, light is incident on the backside of the liquid crystal panel  8 , and light exiting at the front surface was measured. The incident direction of the light was normal to the substrate surface. The measuring point was normal to the substrate surface. The measured contrast of the transmission display was above 300, and the result was good. 
     Then, the result of measuring the contrast of the reflection display will be explained. In measuring the contrast of the reflection display, light was incident on the front surface of the liquid crystal panel  8 , and light exiting at the front surface was measured. The incident direction of the light was 25 degrees to the normal to the substrate surface. The measuring point was normal to the substrate surface. The measured contrast of the reflection display was above 30, and the result was good. 
     Next, the result of measuring the visual angle characteristics of the reflectivity of light will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 8 and 9 . 
       FIG. 8  is a view illustrating the method of measuring the visual characteristics of the reflectivity of light. As shown in  FIG. 8 , in measuring the visual angle characteristics of the reflectivity of light, the polar angle α of the incident light was 25 degrees, and the azimuth β of the incident light was changed in the range of 0-180 degrees. The measuring point was normal to the substrate surface. The polar angle α is an angle of the incident light to the normal to the substrate surface. 
       FIG. 9  is a graph of the visual angle characteristics of the reflectivity of the light. In  FIG. 9 , the ● marks indicate the case that the circular polarization plates (not shown) are bonded to the liquid crystal panel  8  with a diffusion adhesive, i.e., the light diffusion layer  72  of the diffusion adhesive is formed on the liquid crystal panel  8 . In  FIG. 8 , the ▴ marks indicate the case that no diffusion adhesive is used to adhere the circular polarization plates (not shown) to the liquid crystal panel  8 , i.e., the light diffusion layer  72  of the diffusion adhesive is not formed on the liquid crystal panel  8 . 
     As indicated by the ● marks in  FIG. 9 , a high reflectivity of about 25%, which is high, is obtained when the azimuth β of the incident light is about 90 degrees. Such high reflectivity is equivalent to that of total reflection type liquid crystal displays. Such high reflectivity at an azimuth β of about 90 degrees is because the direction of the streaks of the convexities  42   a  present in the surface of the reflection electrodes  48  are all perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12 . 
     As indicated by the ▴ marks in  FIG. 9 , when the azimuth β of the incident light is about 90 degrees, the reflectivity is about 43%, which is higher. Without the light diffusion layer  72 , when parallel rays are incident, interference unevenness tend to take place, and practically it is preferable that the light diffusion layer  72  is formed. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that each pixel electrode  52  including the transmission electrode  32   a  and the reflection electrode  48   b  is electrically connected to the thin film transistor  18  formed near the intersections between the gate bus line  12   a  and the data bus line  28 , and the pixel electrode  48   b  of the pixel electrode  52  is formed on the other gate bus line  12   b  with the insulation layer  40  formed therebetween. 
     The region where the gate bus line  12  is formed cannot transmit light and cannot be the transmission part  54 . Then, to utilize the region which is not usable as the transmission part  54  the reflection electrode  48  will be formed above the gate bus line  12 . However, when the reflection electrode  48  is formed simply on the gate bus line  12 , a large capacitance is formed between the gate bus line  12  and the reflection electrode  48 , and a voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer  6  between the reflection electrode  48  and the opposed electrode  68  is lowered. 
     In the present embodiment, however, the pixel electrode  52   a  is electrically connected to the thin film transistor  18  formed near the intersections between the gate bus line  12   a  and the data bus line  28 , and the reflection electrode  48   b  of the pixel electrode  52   a  is formed on the other gate bus line  12   b  with the insulation layer  40  formed therebetween. The gate bus lines  12  are sequentially scanned, and a signal voltage is never simultaneously applied to the two gate lines  12 . Thus, when a signal voltage is applied to the gate bus line  12   a , the thin film transistor  18  is turned on, and a voltage is applied to the reflection electrode  48   b , the other gate bus line  12   b  is opened. Accordingly, no large capacitance is formed between the reflection electrode  48   b  and the other gate bus line  12   b . Thus, according to the present embodiment, the decrease of a voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer  6  between the reflection electrode  48   b  and the opposed electrode  68  can be prevented while the space which cannot be used as the transmission part  54  can be utilized. Accordingly, the present embodiment can prevent the decrease of the area of the transmission part  54  and increase the area of the reflection part  56 , whereby the reflective transmission type liquid crystal display of high display quality can be provided. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that the Cs bus line  14 , the Cs dummy bus line  16 , the intermediate electrode  26  and the thin film transistor  18  are arranged below the reflection electrode  48  with the insulation layer  40  formed therebetween. 
     The region where the Cs bus line  14 , the Cs dummy bus line  16 , the intermediate electrode  26 , the source electrode  24   a  and the drain electrode  24   b  are formed is also a region which cannot transmit light. In the present embodiment, the Cs bus line  14 , the Cs dummy bus line  16 , the intermediate electrode  26 , the source electrode  24   a  and drain electrode  24   b  are arranged below the reflection electrode  48 , which permits the region which cannot transmit light to be further utilized. Accordingly, the present embodiment can prevent the decrease of the area of the transmission part  54  and increase the area of the reflection part  56 , whereby the reflective transmission type liquid crystal display of high display quality can be provided. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that the insulation layer  40  has the edge located on the Cs bus line  14  and the Cs dummy bus line  16 . 
     In the region near the edge of the insulation layer  40 , disalignment of the liquid crystal molecules  46  tends to take place in the white display state, and in the black display state, light leakage due to slant liquid crystal molecules  46  tends to take place. Accordingly, in the region near the edge of the insulation layer  40 , roughness tends to take place, and the contrast tends to be decreased. 
     In the present embodiment, the insulation layer  40  has the edge located on the Cs bus line  14  and the Cs dummy bus line  16 , whereby the Cs bus line  14  and the Cs dummy bus line  16  can seal light in the region near the edge of the insulation layer  40 , where disalignment of the liquid crystal molecules  46  tend to take place. Thus, the present embodiment can prevent generation of roughness and decrease of the contrast. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is also characterized mainly in that the reflection electrode  48  and the transmission electrode  32  are interconnected with each other in the region near the edge of the insulation layer  40 . 
     When the contact hole is formed in the insulation layer  40 , and the reflection electrode  48  and the transmission electrode  32  are interconnected with each other through the contact hole, the reflection efficiency is decreased due to the contact hole. The alignment of the liquid crystal molecules  46  near the contact hole is disturbed, and the display quality degraded. 
     In the present embodiment, the reflection electrode  48  and the transmission electrode  32  are interconnected with each other in the region near the edge of the insulation layer  40  without forming any contact hole in the insulation layer  40 , whereby the decrease of the reflection efficiency and degradation of the display quality can be prevented. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is also characterized mainly in that the electrode unit  34   a  and the electrode unit  34   b  are interconnected by the interconnection pattern  38   a  near the center line of the electrode units  34 , the electrode unit  34   a  and the drain electrode  24   b  are interconnected with each other by the interconnection pattern  38   b  near the center line of the electrode units  34 , and the electrode unit  34   a  and the reflection electrode  48  are interconnected to each other by the interconnection pattern  38   c  near the center line of the electrode units  34 . 
     The extensions  36   b  extended from the solid portions  36   a  outward toward the border of the electrode units  34  are for controlling the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules  46 . The extensions  36   b  of a thick pattern lowers the alignment controlling force for the liquid crystal molecules  46 , and it is not preferable to make the pattern thick. When the interconnection pattern  38   a  for interconnecting the electrode unit  34   a  and the electrode unit  34   b  with each other, and the interconnection pattern  38   c  for interconnecting the electrode unit  34   b  and the reflection electrode  48  with each other are formed thin, line breakage tends to take place, which leads to display defects. It is preferable that the interconnection pattern  38   a  for interconnecting the electrode unit  34   a  and the electrode unit  34   b  with each other, the interconnecting pattern  38   b  for interconnecting the electrode unit  34   a  and the drain electrode  24   b , and the interconnection pattern  38   c  for interconnecting the electrode unit  34   b  and the reflection electrode  48  are formed thick. The borders of the four directional alignment division are near the center line of the solid portions  36   a , and even when the alignment controlling force is decreased near the center line of the solid portion  36   a , the four directional alignment division is not substantially affected. In the present embodiment, wherein the interconnection pattern  38   a  is formed near the center line of the electrode units  34 , the electric interconnection between the electrode unit  34   a  and the electrode unit  34   b  can be ensured without affecting the four directional alignment division. The formation of the interconnection pattern  38   b  near the center line of the electrode units  34  ensures the electric interconnection between the electrode unit  34   a  and the drain electrode  34   b  without affecting the four directional alignment division. The formation of the interconnection pattern  38   c  near the center line of the electrode units  34  ensures the electric interconnection between the electrode unit  34   b  and the reflection electrode  48   b  without affecting the four directional alignment division. Thus, the present embodiment can ensure high display quality while preventing generation of display defects. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is also characterized mainly in that convexities (wrinkles)  42   a  are formed in the surface of the insulation layer  40 , the directions of the streaks of the convexities  42   a  are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12 , and the same convexities  42   a  are formed also in the surface of the reflection electrode  48 , reflecting the convexities  42   a  in the surface of the insulation layer  40 . 
     Most of the streaks of the convexities  42   a  formed in the surface of the reflection electrode  48  are arranged in a uniform direction, the declined surfaces of most of the convexities  42   a  are in the same declination direction. Thus, according to the present embodiment, the reflectivity of light incident along a specification direction, e.g., the horizontal direction can be increased. When the screen is watched under conditions which make the reflectivity high, bright displays can be obtained in the reflection display, which allows the brightness of the reflection display to be increased while the brightness of the transmission display is maintained sufficiently high. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is also characterized mainly in that the alignment control structure  70   a  formed on the side of the CF substrate  4  is contact with the reflection electrode  48  form on the insulation layer  40  of the TFT substrate  2 , and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer  6  is retained by the height of the alignment control structure  70   a  on the side of the CF substrate  4  and the thickness of the insulation layer  40  of the TFT substrate  2 . 
     In the present embodiment, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer  6  is retained mainly by the alignment control structure  70   a  on the side of the CF substrate  4  and the insulation layer  40  on the side of the TFT substrate  2 , which makes it unnecessary to provide extra means for retaining the thickness of the liquid crystal layer  6 . Thus, according to the present embodiment, the structure of the liquid crystal display can be simple. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is also characterized mainly in that the alignment control structures  44   a ,  44   b  are provided on the side of the CF substrate  4 , and also on the side of the TFT substrate  2 , the alignment control structures  44   a .  44   b  are provided on the data bus line  28 . 
     In the case that the alignment control structures  70   a ,  70  are provided on the side of the CF substrate  4 , and the slits (blank patterns) are provided in the picture element electrode of the TFT substrate  2  so as to align the liquid crystal molecules  46 , the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules  46  cannot be often sufficiently stabilized. 
     In the present embodiment, however, the alignment control structures  70   a ,  70   b  are provided on the side of the CF substrate  4 , and also on the side of the TFT substrate  2 , the alignment control structures  44   a ,  44   b  are provided, whereby the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules  46  can be stabilized. Thus, the liquid crystal display can have high display quality. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is also characterized mainly in that the reflection electrode  48  is not formed in the edge portion of the insulation layer  40 . 
     The presence of the insulation layer  40  in the edge portion of the reflection electrode  48  makes the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules  46  around the insulation layer  40  unstable. This is because the alignment controlling force of the alignment control structure  70   a  and the alignment controlling force of slant electric fields generated by the reflection electrode  48  are exerted in directions opposite to each other. 
     According to the present embodiment, a region where the reflection electrode  48  is not formed is present in the edge portion of the insulation layer  40 , whereby the slant electric field generated by the reflection electrode  48  can be made smaller around the insulation layer  40 . Accordingly, disalignment of the liquid crystal molecules  46  around the insulation layer  40  can be suppressed, and higher display quality can be realized. The interconnection pattern  50  for interconnecting the reflection electrode  48  with the electrode unit  34   b  of the transmission electrode  52  is formed, near the center line of the reflection electrode  48 , also in the edge portion of the insulation layer  40  but does not affect the four directional alignment division because the border of the four directional alignment division is near the center line of the reflection electrode  48 . Accordingly, even when the reflection electrode  48  is formed in the edge portion of the insulation layer  40  near the center line of the reflection electrode  48 , this causes no problem. 
     A Second Embodiment 
     The liquid crystal display according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 10A to 15 .  FIGS. 10A and 10B  are plan views of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment (Part 1).  FIG. 10A  is illustrates a TFT substrate, and  FIG. 10B  illustrates a CF substrate in the region illustrated in  FIG. 10A .  FIGS. 11A and 11B  are plan views of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment (Part 2).  FIG. 11A  illustrate the TFT substrate, and  FIG. 11B  illustrates the CF substrate in the region illustrated in  FIG. 11A .  FIG. 12  is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment. The same reference numbers of the present embodiment as those of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment shown in  FIGS. 1A to 9  are represented by the same reference numbers not to repeat or to simplify their explanation. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that an insulation layer  40   a  is formed in the island-shape for the reflection parts  56  of respective pixels, and convexities (wrinkles)  42   b  which are substantially in parallel with the longitudinal direction of a gate bus line  12  and convexities (wrinkles)  42   a  which are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12  are formed in the surface of each insulation layer  40   a.    
     First, the TFT substrate  2   a  will be explained. 
     On a glass substrate  10  with transmission electrodes  32 , etc. formed on, the island-shaped insulation layer  40   a  are formed for the respective pixels. In the surface of each insulation layer  40   a , the streaks of the convexities  42   b  which are substantially parallel with the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12  and the streaks of the convexities  42   a  which are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12  are formed. The streaks of the convexities  42   b , which are substantially parallel with the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12  will be called horizontal wrinkles, and the streaks of the convexities  42   a , which are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12  are called vertical wrinkles. 
     The directions of most of the convexities  42   a ,  42   b  are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12  and substantially parallel with the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12 . 
     The streaks of the convexities  42   a ,  42   b  are formed in the surface of the insulation layer  40  so as to form the aligned streaks of the convexities also in the surface of the reflection electrode  48 , reflecting the streaks of the convexities  42   a ,  42   b  formed in the surface of the insulation layer  40 . The aligned streaks of the convexities  42   a ,  42   b  are formed in the surface of the reflection electrode  48  so as to cause light incident in a specific direction to exit to the front surface of the liquid crystal display at high light intensities. 
     The vertical winkles  42   a  and the horizontal winkles  42   b  are formed in the surface of the island-shaped insulation layer  40   a  for the following reason. That is, when thermal processing is performed on the insulation layer  40  having the surface solidified in advance, stresses are applied to the insulation layer  40   a  due to solidifying shrinkage differences between the surface of the insulation layer  40  and the inside thereof. In the present embodiment, stresses which are substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the data bus line  28  and are substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12  are exerted to the insulation layer  40   a , which is formed for each pixel and has a quadrangular shape whose aspect ratio is not so large. Resultantly, the perpendicular wrinkles  42   a  and the horizontal wrinkles  42   b  are formed in the surface of the insulation layer  40   a.    
     When the insulation layer  40   a  is formed in the island-shape, wrinkle patterns are often formed concentrically. When the insulation layer  40   a  has a quadrangular plane shape, quadrangular patterns of convexities (wrinkles)  42  (see  FIGS. 23A and 23B ) are formed concentrically. The convexities  42  may be formed concentrically in the surface of the insulation layer  40   a . Such concentric convexities  42  have the horizontal wrinkles and perpendicular wrinkles and can cause the light incident in a specific direction to exit to the front surface of the screen at high reflection intensities. 
     A reflection electrode  48  is formed on the island-shaped insulation layer  40   a . The convexities  42   a ,  42   b  are formed also in the surface of the reflection electrode  48 , which is formed on the insulation layer  40   a  with the convexities  42   a ,  42   b  formed, reflecting the convexities  42   a ,  42   b  formed in the surface of the insulation layer  40   a . Accordingly, the streaks of the convexities  42   a  which are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12  and the streaks of the convexities  42   b  which are substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12  are formed in the surface of the reflection electrode  48 . Most of the convexities  42   a  are aligned. Most of the convexities  42   b  are aligned. The declination directions of the declined planes of most of the convexities  42   a  are aligned in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12 . The declination directions of the declined planes of most of the convexities  42   b  are aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12 . Because of the declination direction of the declined planes of most of the convexities  42   a , which is substantially along the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12 , when the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12  is extended in the left-to-right direction of the liquid crystal display, light incident from the left and right of the liquid crystal display is caused to exit to the front surface of the screen of the liquid crystal display at a high light intensity. Because of the declination direction of the declined planes of most of the convexities  42   b , which are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12 , when the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12  is extended in the left-to-right direction of the liquid crystal display, light incident from above and below of the screen of the liquid crystal display is caused to exit to the front surface of the screen of the liquid crystal display at a high light intensity. Accordingly, in the present embodiment, light incident from the left and right of the screen of the liquid crystal display and light incident from above and below of the screen of the liquid crystal display are caused to exit to the front surface of the screen of the liquid crystal display at a high reflection intensity. In  FIG. 10A , the arrows indicate directions in which the light reflectivity is highest. 
     A region where the reflection electrode  48  is not formed is present in the edge of the insulation layer  40   a . Corners of the reflection electrode  48  are chamfered. Because of the chamfered corners of the reflection electrode  48 , electric fields are applied obliquely to the liquid crystal molecules  46  at the corners of the reflection electrode  48 , and the liquid crystal molecules  46  are aligned toward the center of the reflection electrode  48 . 
     Next, the CF substrate  4   a  will be explained. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 11B and 12 , a black matrix layer  60  is formed below the glass substrate  58 . The black matrix layer  60  is positioned above a data bus line  28 , a Cs bus line  14  and a Cs dummy bus line  16 . The black matrix layer  60  is formed on the border between the reflection part  56  and the transmission part  54 , i.e., above the Cs bus line  14  and the Cs dummy bus line  16  so as to obtain good contrast. 
     As shown in  FIG. 12 , a transparent resin layer  74  is formed below the glass substrate  58  with the black matrix layer  60  formed on. The transparent resin layer  74  is positioned above the reflection electrode  48 . The thickness of the transparent resin layer  74  is, e.g., about 0.8 μm. The transparent resin layer  74  is for reducing the thickness of the color filter layer  62  partially at the reflection part  56 . 
     A color filter layer  62  is formed below the glass substrate  58  with the transparent resin layer  74  formed on. The surface of the substrate is planarized by the color filter layer  62 . The thickness of the color filter  62  in the reflection part  56  is smaller than the thickness of the color filter layer  62  in the transmission part  54 , because of the transparent resin layer  74  is formed in the reflection part  56 . The thickness of the color filter layer  62  in the transmission part  54  is, e.g., about 1.4 μm. The thickness of the color filter layer  62  in the reflection part  56  is, e.g., about 0.7 μm. 
     The thickness of the color filter layer  62  in the reflection part  56  is smaller than that of the color filter layer  62  in the transmission part  54  for the following reason. In the reflection part  56 , as described above, light incident from the outside passes through the color filter layer  62  to be reflected by the reflection electrode  48  and passes again the color filter layer  62  to exit outside. In other words, the light passes twice through the color filter layer  62  in the reflection part  56 . Accordingly, in the case that the color filter layer  62  is simply formed below the glass substrate  58 , the color density in the reflection part  56  is much higher than that in the transmission part  54 . In the present embodiment, in which the transparent resin layer  74  is provided in the reflection part  56 , and the color filter layer  62  is formed to planarize the substrate surface, the thickness of the color filter layer  62  in the reflection part  56  is smaller than that of the color filter layer  62  in the transmission part  54 . Thus, the color density in the reflection part  56  is prevented from being higher than that in the transmission part  54 . Furthermore, the color density in the reflection part  56  can be made substantially equal to that in the transmission part  54 . Accordingly, the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment can have higher display quality. 
     An opposed electrode  68  of, e.g., ITO is formed below the color filter layer  62 . 
     Alignment control structures  70   b  are formed below the opposed electrode  68 . The alignment control structures  70   b  have, e.g., a quadrangular (rhombic) plane shape. The alignment control structures  70   b  are positioned respectively above the centers of the electrode units  34  and the center of the reflection electrode  48 . Because of the alignment control structures  70   b  positioned above the centers of the electrode units  34 , the liquid crystal molecules  46  are aligned toward the centers of the electrode units  34 . Because of the alignment control structure  70   b  positioned above the center of the reflection electrode  48 , the liquid crystal molecules  46  are aligned toward the center of the reflection electrode  48 . The liquid crystal molecules  46  are brought into the same alignment in both the reflection part  56  and the transmission part  54 . That is, four direction alignment division is realized in both of the reflection part  56  and the transmission part  54 , whereby stable visual characteristics can be obtained. 
     The reflection electrode  48  on the insulation layer  40   a  of the TFT substrate  2  and the alignment control structure  70   b  on the CF substrate  4  are in contact with each other to thereby retain the thickness of the liquid crystal layer  6 . The liquid crystal layer  6  is formed of a liquid crystal having, e.g., negative dielectric anisotropy. 
     Thus, a liquid crystal panel  8   a  including the TFT substrate  2   a , the CF substrate  4   a  and the liquid crystal layer  6  is constituted. 
     Circular polarization plates (not shown) are provided on both surfaces of the liquid crystal panel  8   a  with light diffusion layers formed therebetween, as in the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment. As in the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment, a back light unit (not shown) is provided on the backside of the liquid crystal panel  8   a . A drive circuit (not shown) is connected to the liquid crystal panel  8   a , as in the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment. 
     Thus, the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is constituted. 
     (Evaluation Result) 
     Next, the result of evaluating the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 13 and 14 . 
     First, the evaluation result of displays of the respective pixels will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 13 and 14 .  FIG. 13  is a plan view of displays of the respective pixels in the reflective display.  FIG. 14  is a plan view of displays of the respective pixels in the transmission display. The display colors of the respective pixels are red, green and blue from the left side of the drawing. 
     In all the colors, the displays are good without dark lines and roughness. This means that the liquid crystal molecules  48  are well aligned. 
     Then, the result of measuring the transmittance will be explained. In measuring the transmittance, light is incident on the backside of the liquid crystal panel  8   a , and light exiting at the front surface was measured. The incident direction of the light was normal to the substrate surface. The measuring points were normal to the substrate surface. The measured transmittance was about 7%, and the result was good. Based on this, it is found that the present embodiment can have good transmittance, as does the first embodiment. 
     Then, the result of measuring the reflectivity will be explained. In measuring the reflectivity, light was incident on the front surface of the liquid crystal panel  8   a , and the light exiting at the front surface was measured. The incident direction of the light was 25 degrees to the normal to the substrate surface. The measuring point was normal to the substrate surface. The measured reflectivity was about 6%, and the result was good. Based on this, it is found that the present embodiment can have good reflectivity, as does the first embodiment. 
     Next, the result of measuring the contrast of the transmission display will be explained. In measuring the contrast of the transmission display, light is incident on the backside of the liquid crystal panel  8   a , and light exiting at the front surface was measured. The incident direction of the light was normal to the substrate surface. The measuring point was normal to the substrate surface. The measured contrast of the transmission display was above 500, and the result was good. Based on this, it is found that the present embodiment can improve the contrast of the reflection display in comparison with the first embodiment. 
     Then, the result of measuring the contrast of the reflection display will be explained. In measuring the contrast of the reflection display, light was incident on the front surface of the liquid crystal panel  8   a , and light exiting at the front surface was measured. The incident direction of the light was 25 degrees to the normal to the substrate surface. The measuring point was normal to the substrate surface. The measured contrast of the reflection display was about 50, and the result was good. Based on this, it is found that the present embodiment can improve the contrast of the reflection display as well in comparison with the first embodiment. 
     Next, the result of the contrast of the transmission display will be explained.  FIG. 15  is a view of the visual angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment. In  FIG. 15 , the broken lines indicate polar angles. In  FIG. 15 , contrasts are indicated by contour lines. As seen in  FIG. 15 , regions where the contrast CR is 10 or more are present totally over about 160 degrees at the upper and the lower parts and the left and the right parts. Based on this, the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment can have a very wide visual angle range. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that, as described above, the insulation layer  40   a  is formed in an island shape for the reflection part  56  of each pixel, and the streaks of the convexities  42   b  which are substantially parallel with the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12 , and the streaks of the convexities  42   a  which are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12  are formed in the surface of the insulation layer  40 . The same convexities  42   a  are formed in the surface of the reflection electrode  48  reflecting the convexities  42  in the surface of the insulation layer  40 . 
     Most of the convexities  42   a  formed in the surface of the reflection electrode  48  are aligned in the same direction, and accordingly, the declination directions of the declined planes of most of the convexities  42   a  are the same. Most of the convexities  42   b  formed in the surface of the reflection electrode  48  are aligned in the same direction, and accordingly, the declination directions of the declined planes of most of the convexities  42   b  are the same. The declination direction of the declined planes of the convexities  42   a  and the declination direction of the declined planes of the convexities  42   b  are substantially perpendicular to each other. Accordingly, the present embodiment can cause not only light incident, e.g., from the left and right but also light incident from above and below to exit to the front surface of the screen of the liquid crystal display at high intensities. Thus, the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment can have higher display quality. 
     A Third Embodiment 
     The liquid crystal display according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 16A to 19B .  FIGS. 16A and 16B  are plan views of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment (Part 1). In  FIG. 16A , the insulation layer and the reflection electrode are omitted, and in  FIG. 16B , the insulation layer and the reflection electrode are illustrated.  FIG. 17  is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment.  FIG. 17  is the sectional view along the line C-C′ in  FIG. 16B .  FIGS. 18A and 18B  are plan views of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment (Part 2).  FIG. 18A  illustrates a TFT substrate, and  FIG. 18B  illustrates a CF substrate in the region illustrated in  FIG. 18A .  FIGS. 19A and 19B  are plan views of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment (Part 3).  FIG. 19A  illustrates the TFT substrate, and  FIG. 19B  illustrates the CF substrate in the region illustrated in  FIG. 19A . The same members of the present embodiment as those of the liquid crystal display according to the first or the second embodiment shown in  FIG. 1A to 15  are represented by the same reference numbers not to repeat or to simplify their explanation. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that reflection electrodes  48  are formed on the solid portions  36   a  of an electrode unit  34  forming a transmission electrode  32  each with an island-shaped insulation layer  40   a  formed therebetween, which has convexities  42   a ,  42   b  formed in the surface thereof. 
     First, the TFT substrate  2   b  will be explained. 
     As in the first and the second embodiments, a plurality of gate bus lines  12   a ,  12   b  are formed on a glass substrate  10 . 
     A Cs bus line  14  is formed between one gate bus line  12   a  and the other gate bus line  12   b . The gate bus lines  12  and the Cs bus line  14  are formed of the one and the same conduction film. 
     A gate insulation film  20  is formed on the glass substrate  10  with the gate bus lines  12  and the Cs bus line formed on. 
     A channel layer  22  of silicon thin film is formed on the gate bus lines  12  with the gate insulation film  20  formed therebetween. A source electrode  24   a  and a drain electrode  24   b  are formed on both side of the channel layer  22 . 
     A Cs opposed electrode (intermediate electrode)  26  is formed on the Cs bus line  14  with the gate insulation film  20  formed therebetween. The Cs opposed electrode  26  is formed of one and the same conduction film as the gate bus lines  12 , and the source electrode  24   a  and the drain electrode  24   b.    
     On the gate insulation film  20 , a plurality of data bus lines  28  are formed, substantially perpendicularly intersecting the gate bus lines  12  and the Cs bus lines  14 . 
     An insulation film  29  is formed on the glass substrate  10  with the data bus lines  28 , the source electrode  24   a , the drain electrode  24   b  and the Cs opposed electrode  26  formed on. 
     A contact hole  30   b  and a contact hole  30   a  are formed in the insulation film  29  respectively down to the Cs opposed electrode  26  and the drain electrode  24   b.    
     A transmission electrode  32  of ITO film is formed on the insulation film  29 . The transmission electrode  32  includes three electrode units  34 . In the present embodiment, the transmission electrode  32  includes three electrode units  34 , but the number of the electrode units  34  is not limited to three. For example, the number of the electrode units  34  of the transmission electrode  32  can be one or two, or four or more. 
     The electrode units  34  are interconnected with each other by interconnection patterns  38   a . An interconnection pattern  38   b  for electrically interconnecting the electrode unit  34   a  and the drain electrode of the thin film transistor  18  is formed in the electrode unit  34   a  near the thin film transistor  18 . The interconnection pattern  38   b  is formed integral with the electrode unit  34   a . The electrode unit  34   a  formed near the thin film transistor  18  is connected to the drain electrode  24   b  through the contact hole  30   a  formed in the insulation film  29 . As shown in  FIG. 17 , the electrode unit  34   b  formed above the Cs bus line  14  is connected to the intermediate electrode  26  through the contact hole  30   b  formed in the insulation film  29 . 
     In the two electrode units  34   a ,  34   b  of the three electrode units  34   a - 34   c , insulation layers  40   a  are formed on the solid portions  36   a . An average of the thicknesses of the insulation layers  40   a  is, e.g., about 2 μm. As shown in  FIGS. 18A and 18B , convexities  42   a ,  42   b  are formed in the surfaces of the insulation layers  40   a . That is, in the surface of each insulation layers  40   a , the streaks of the convexities (horizontal wrinkles)  42   b  which are substantially parallel with the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12 , and the streaks of the convexities (perpendicular wrinkles)  42   a  which are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12  are formed. 
     In the present embodiment, the island-shaped insulation layers  40   a  are formed on the two electrode units  34   a ,  34   b  of the three electrode units  34   a - 34   c . However, the island-shaped insulation layers  40   a  may be formed on all the electrode units  34   a - 34   c  to form the reflection electrodes  48 . It is possible to form the island-shaped insulation layer  40   a  on one of the three electrode units  34   a - 34   c  to form the reflection electrode  48 . 
     The insulation layer  40   a  formed above the Cs bus line  14  has projected portions  41  which are projected along the Cs bus line. The projected portions  41  are formed integral with the insulation layer  40   a.    
     The reflection electrodes  48  are formed on the insulation layers  40   a . In the edge portions of each insulation layer  40   a , there is a region where the reflection electrode  48  is not formed. An interconnection pattern  50  is formed near the center line of the reflection electrodes  48 . The interconnection pattern  50  electrically interconnects the reflection electrodes  48  to the transmission electrode  32 . The interconnection pattern  50  of the reflection electrodes  48  and the electrode units  34  are interconnected with each other near the edges of the insulation layers  40   a.    
     The reflection electrode  48  positioned above the Cs bus line  14  has projected portions  49  which are projected above the Cs bus line  14  from the solid portion  36   a . The projected portion  49  are formed on the Cs bus line  14  with the projected portions  41  of the insulation layer  40   a  formed therebetween. The reflection electrode  48  has the projected portions  49  so as to utilize as a reflection part the region with the Cs bus line  14  formed in, which cannot function as a transmission part. Thus, the reflective transmission type liquid crystal display of higher reflectivity can be provided. 
     The transmission electrode  32  and the reflection electrodes  48  constitute a picture element electrode  52 . The pixel electrode  52  includes three sub-pixels  35   d - 35   f  (see  FIG. 16B ). The reflection electrodes  48  are formed above the solid portions  36   a  of two sub-pixels  35   d ,  35   e  of the three sub-pixels  35   d - 35   f . In these two sub-pixels  35   d ,  35   e , wherein the reflection electrodes  48  are formed above the solid portions  36   a  while the reflection electrodes  48  are not formed around the solid portions  36   a , the solid portions  36   a  function as the reflection part, and the regions around the solid portions  36   a  function as the transmission part. The reflection electrode  48  is not formed in one sub-pixel  35   f  of the three sub-pixels  35   d - 35   f . The whole sub-pixel  35   f , in which the reflection electrode  48  is not formed, functions as the transmission part. 
     Thus, the TFT substrate  2   b  is constituted. 
     Then, the CF substrate  4   b  will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 18A to 19B . 
     A black matrix layer  62   b  is formed below the glass substrate  58  (see  FIG. 5 ). The black matrix layer  62   b  is formed above the gate bus lines  12 , the data bus lines  28  and the thin film transistor  18 . 
     A color filter layer  62  is formed below the glass substrate  58  with the black matrix layer  62   b  formed on. Openings  64   a  are formed in the color filter layer  62  in the regions above the reflection electrodes  48 . The openings  64   a  is for preventing the color density of the reflection display from being much higher than the color density of the transmission display, as does the opening  64  formed in the color filter layer  62  of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment. A planarization layer  66  (see  FIG. 5 ) of a transparent resin is formed below the color filter layer  62 . 
     An opposed electrode  68  (see  FIG. 5 ) of ITO is formed below the planarization layer  66 . 
     Alignment control structures  70   b  are formed below the opposed electrode  68 . The alignment control structures  70   b  have, e.g., a quadrangular (rhombic) plane shape. The alignment control structures  70   b  are positioned above the centers of the respective electrode units  34 . The thickness of the alignment control structures  70   b  is, e.g., about 2 μm. 
     Thus, the CF substrate  4   b  is constituted. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that the reflection electrodes  48  are formed on the solid portions  36   a  of the electrode units  34  with the insulation layers  40   a  with the convexities lines  42   a ,  42   b  formed in the surface thereof. 
     In the present embodiment, in which the reflection electrodes  48  are not formed on the gate bus lines  12  and the data bus lines  28 , the generation of large capacitances between the gate bus liens  12  and the data bus liens  28 , and the reflection electrodes  48  can be prevented. Thus, the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment can have good display quality, as does the liquid crystal display according to the first and the second embodiments. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that the reflection electrodes  48  are formed not only above the solid portions  36   a , but also above the Cs bus line  14 . 
     The Cs bus line  14  is formed of a material which cannot transmit light, and the region where the Cs bus line  14  is formed cannot be the transmission part. In the present embodiment, the reflection electrode  48  is formed above the Cs bus line  14 , which permits the region which cannot function as the transmission part to be utilized as the reflection part. Thus, the present embodiment can improve the reflection efficiency. 
     (Modifications) 
     Next, a modification of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 20A and 21B .  FIGS. 20A and 20B  are plan views of the liquid crystal display according to the present modification (Part 1).  FIG. 20A  illustrates the TFT substrate, and  FIG. 20B  illustrates the CF substrate in the region illustrated in  FIG. 20A .  FIGS. 21A and 21B  are plan views of the liquid crystal display according to the present modification (Part 2)  FIG. 21A  illustrates the TFT substrate, and  FIG. 21B  illustrates the CF substrate in the region illustrated in  FIG. 21A . 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present modification is characterized mainly in that the color filter layer  62  has the thickness reduced in the region above the reflection electrode  48 . 
     First, the TFT substrate  2   b  is the same as the TFT substrate of the liquid crystal display described above with reference to  FIGS. 16A ,  17 ,  18  and  19 A, and its explanation will be omitted. 
     Next, the CF substrate  4   c  will be explained. 
     Island-shaped transparent resin layers  74  (see  FIG. 12 ) are formed respectively above the regions where the reflection electrodes  48  are formed. The thickness of the transparent resin layers  74  is, e.g., about 0.8 μm. The transparent resin layers  74  are for partially reducing the thickness of the color filter layer  62 , as does in the liquid crystal display described above with reference to  FIG. 12 . 
     A color filter layer  62  is formed on the underside of the glass substrate  58  (see  FIG. 12 ) with the transparent resin layers  74  formed on. The surface of the substrate is planarized with the color filter layer  62 . Because of the transparent resin layers  74  formed in the regions above the reflection electrodes  48 , the thickness of the color filter layer  62  in the regions which function as the reflection part is smaller than the thickness of the color filter layer  62  which functions as the transmission part. The thickness of the color filter layer  62  in the region which functions as the transmission part is, e.g., about 1.4 μm. The thickness of the color filter layer  62  in the region which functions as the reflection part is, e.g., about 0.7 μm. The thickness of the color filter layer  62  in the region which functions as the reflection part is made smaller so as to prevent the color density of the reflection display from being much higher than the color density of the transmission display. 
     In the present modification, in which the thickness of the color filter layer  62  above the reflection electrodes  48  is reduced, the color density of the reflection display is prevented from being much larger than the color density of the transmission display. Thus, the liquid crystal display according to the present modification can have high display quality. 
     A Fourth Embodiment 
     The liquid crystal display according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 22 to 23B .  FIG. 22  is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment.  FIGS. 23A and 23B  are plan views of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment.  FIG. 23A  illustrate a TFT substrate, and  FIG. 23B  illustrates a CF substrate in the region illustrated in  FIG. 23A . The same members of the present embodiment as those of the liquid crystal display according to the first to the third embodiment shown in  FIGS. 1A to 21B  are represented by the same reference numbers not to repeat or to simplify their explanation. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that alignment control structures  70   c  are formed below the central part of a color filter layer  62  of a reflection part  56 , and the color filter layer  62  is not formed in the region of the reflection part  56  other than the central part. 
     First, the TFT substrate  2   a  is the same as the TFT substrate used in the second embodiment, and its explanation will be omitted. 
     Next, a CF substrate  4   d  will be explained. 
     The color filter layer  62  is formed below a glass substrate  58 . The color filter layer  62  is formed all in the transmission part  54  and at the central part of the reflection part  56 . The color filter layer  62  in the region other than the central part of the reflection part  56  is removed. That is, an opening  76  is formed in the color filter layer  62  in the region of the reflection part  56  other than the central part. The opening  76  is formed in the color filter layer  62  in the reflection part  56  so as to prevent the color density of the reflection part  56  from being much higher than the color density of the transmission part  54 . The color filter layer  62  in the reflection part  56  has a quadrangular (rhombic) plane shape. The diagonals of the quadrangular color filter layer  62  formed in the reflection part  56  are substantially parallel with the gate bus lines  12  or the data bus line lines  28 . The thickness of the color filter layer  62  is, e.g., about 2 μm. 
     Alignment control structures  70   c  are formed below the color filter layer  62 . The alignment control structures  70   c  are formed respectively at the centers of the sub-pixels  35   a - 35   c . That is, the alignment control structures  70   c  are formed above the centers of the reflection electrodes  48 . Alignment control structures  70   b  are formed respectively above the centers of the electrode units  34   a ,  34   b . The alignment control structures  70   b ,  70   c  have, e.g., a quadrangular (rhombic) plan shape. The diagonals of the quadrangular sectional are substantially parallel with the gate bus lines  12  or substantially parallel with the data bus lines  28 . The height of the alignment control structures  70   b ,  70   c  is, e.g., about 2 μm. 
     The alignment control structures  70   c  formed in the reflection part  56  are in contact with the reflection electrodes  48  formed on the insulation layer  40   a . Thus, the thickness of the insulation layer  40   a , the height of the alignment control structures  70   c  and the thickness of the color filter layer  62  retain the thickness of the liquid crystal layer  6 . The insulation layer  40   a , the alignment control structures  70   c  and the color filter layer  62  function also as the spacer. 
     The height of the alignment control structures  70   c  is, e.g., about 2 μm as described above. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer  6  near the central part of the reflection part  56  is about 2 μm. 
     The height of the alignment control structures  70   c  is about 2 μm as described above, and the thickness of the color filter layer  62  is, e.g., about 2 μm as described above. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer  6  is about 4 μm in the region of the reflection part  56  other than the central part thereof. 
     The height of the alignment control structures  70   c  is about 2 μm as described above. The thickness of the insulation layer  6  is about 2 μm. Accordingly, in the transmission part  54 , the thickness of the liquid crystal layer  6  is about 4 μm. 
     As described above, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer  6  in the region of the reflection part  56  except the central part thereof is substantially equal to the thickness of the liquid crystal layer  6  in the transmission part  54 . 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that the color filter layer  62  is formed at the central part of the reflection part  56 , and the color filter layer  62  is not formed in the region of the reflection part  56  except the central part. 
     According to the present embodiment, in which the color filter layer  62  is formed at the central part of the reflection part  56 , and the color filter layer  62  is not formed in the region of the reflection parts  56  except the central part, the area ratio between the region, where the color filter layer  62  is formed and the region, where the color filter layer  62  is not formed is suitably set to thereby adjust the color density of the reflection part  56 . Thus, the present embodiment can prevent the color density of the reflection part  56  from being much higher than the color density of the transmission part  54 , which can make the color density of the transmission part  54  and the color density of the reflection part  56  substantially equal to each other. 
     Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, one and the same color filter layer  62  used in the transmission part  54  may be used in the reflection part  56 , which makes it unnecessary to form the planarization layer of a transparent resin on the CF substrate  4   d . This can contribute to reducing the cost. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is also characterized mainly in that the alignment control structures  70   c  are formed below the color filter layer  62  at the central part of the reflection electrode  48 . 
     According to the present embodiment, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer  6  can be partially decreased by the alignment control structure  70   c , which can adjust conditions for the phase difference of the liquid crystal layer  6 . 
     A Fifth Embodiment 
     The liquid crystal display according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 24 to 25B .  FIG. 24  is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment.  FIGS. 25A and 25   b  are plan views of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment.  FIG. 25A  illustrates a TFT substrate.  FIG. 25B  illustrates a CF substrate in the region illustrated in  FIG. 25A . The same members of the present embodiment as those of the liquid crystal display according to the first to the fourth embodiments shown in  FIGS. 1A to 23B  are represented by the same reference numbers not to repeat or to simplify their explanation. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that a color filter layer  62   a  is formed on reflection electrodes  48  and below transmission electrodes  32 , and the thickness of the color filter layer  62   a  on the reflection electrodes  48  is larger than the thickness of the color filter layer  62   a  below the transmission electrodes  32 . 
     First, the TFT substrate  2   c  will be explained. 
     Insulation layers  40   a  are formed in reflection parts  56  on a glass substrate  10 . Convexities lines  42 , for example, are formed concentrically in the surface of the insulation layers  40   a . The thickness of the insulation layers  40   a  is, e.g., about 1 μm. 
     A reflection electrode  48  is formed on each insulation layer  40   a . The reflection electrode  48  is formed on the insulation layer  40   a  with the convexities  42  formed in, and the convexities  42  are accordingly formed also in the surface of the reflection electrode  48 . 
     A color filter layer  62   a  is formed on the reflection electrode  48  and the glass substrate  10 . The surface of the substrate is planarized with the color filter layer  62   a . The thickness of the color filter layer  62   a  in the transmission part  54  is, e.g., about 2 μm. The color filter layer  62   a , which is formed, planarizing the substrate surface, has, e.g., an about 1 μm-thickness in the reflection parts  56 . As described above, in the reflection part  56 , light twice passes through the color filter layer  62 , and in the transmission part  54 , light once passes through the color filter layer  62 , but the thickness of the color filter layer  62   a  in the reflection part  56  is set at about ½ of the thickness of the color filter layer  62   a  in the transmission part  54 , whereby the color density of the reflection part  56  can be made substantially equal to the color density of the transmission part  54 . 
     A contact hole  78  is formed in the color filter  62   a  down to the edge of the reflection electrode  48 . 
     A transmission electrode  32  is formed on the color filter layer  62   a  of the transmission part  54 . The transmission electrode  32  is connected to the reflection electrode  48  through the contact hole  78 . The transmission electrode  32  is formed near the contact hole  78  but is not formed above the reflection electrode  48 . The reflection electrode  48  and the transmission electrode  32  constitute a pixel electrode  52 . 
     Thus, the TFT substrate  2   c  is constituted. 
     Then, an opposed substrate  4   e  provided, opposed to the TFT substrate  2   c  will be explained. 
     An opposed electrode  68  is formed below the glass substrate  58 . 
     Alignment control structures  70   b  are formed below the opposed electrode  68 . The alignment control structures  70   b  are formed respectively above the central part of the reflection electrode  48  and above the central parts of the electrode units  34 . 
     Thus, the opposed substrate  4   e  is constituted. A spacer  80  is provided between the TFT substrate  2   c  and the opposed substrate  4   e . The size of the spacer  80  is, e.g., an about 4 μm-diameter. A liquid crystal layer  6  is sealed between the TFT substrate  2   c  and the opposed substrate  4   e.    
     Thus, the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is constituted. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that, as described above, the color filter layer  62   a  is formed on the reflection electrode  48  and below the transmission electrode  32 , and the thickness of the color filter layer  62   a  on the reflection electrode  48  is smaller than the thickness of the color filter layer  62   a  below the transmission electrode  32 . 
     In the reflection part  56 , light which has passed through the color filter layer is reflected by the reflection electrode  48  to again pass through the color filter layer. In the case that the color filter layer has the same thickness in the reflection part  56  as in the transmission part  54 , the color density of the reflection part  56  is much higher than the color density of the transmission part  54 . 
     The present embodiment, in which the thickness of the color filter layer  62   a  on the reflection electrode  48  is smaller than the thickness of the color filter layer  62   a  below the transmission electrode  32 , more specifically the thickness of the former is set at about ½ of the thickness of the latter, the color density of the reflection part  56  is prevented from being much higher than the color density of the transmission part  54 . 
     In the present embodiment, in which the color filter layer  62   a  is formed on the reflection electrode  48 , the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer  6  of the reflection part  56  can be decreased by the color filter layer  62   a  present on the reflection electrode  48 . Thus, the thickness of the color filter layer  62   a  on the reflection electrode  48  is suitably set, whereby conditions for the phase difference between the reflection part  56  and the transmission part  54  can be matched. 
     According to the present embodiment, in which the surface of the TFT substrate  2   c  is planarized by the color filter layer  62   a , the spacer  80  for the universal use is disposed between the TFT substrate  2   c  and the opposed substrate  4   e , whereby the thickness of the liquid crystal layer  6  can be retained. That is, according to the present embodiment, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer  6  can be retained by the simple means. 
     (Modification) 
     Next, a modification of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 26 to 27B .  FIG. 26  is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to the present modification.  FIGS. 27A and 27B  are plan views of the liquid crystal display according to the present modification.  FIG. 27A  illustrates the TFT substrate, and  FIG. 27B  illustrates the CF substrate in the region illustrated in  FIG. 27A . 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present modification is characterized mainly in that the reflection electrode  48  with the convexities  42  formed in the surface is partially exposed from the color filter layer  26   a.    
     First, the TFT substrate  2   d  will be explained. 
     In the present modification, the average thickness of the insulation layer  40   a  is about 2 μm. When the thickness of the insulation layer  40   a  is twice, the height difference between the convexities  42  is substantially twice. In the present modification, the thickness of the insulation layer  40   a  is substantially twice the thickness of the insulation layer  40   a  of the liquid crystal display shown in  FIG. 24 , and the height difference between the convexities  42  is substantially twice the height difference between the convexities lines  42  of the insulation layer  40   a  of the liquid crystal display shown in  FIG. 24 . 
     The reflection electrode  48  is formed on the insulation layer  40   a.    
     A color filter layer  62   a  is formed on the reflection electrode  48  and on the glass substrate  10 . The surface of the substrate is planarized with the color filter layer  62   a . The thickness of the color filter layer  62   a  is about 2 μm. In the present modification, in which the convexities  42  formed in the surface of the insulation layer  40   a  is large, the average thickness of the color filter layer  62   a  present on the reflection electrode  48  is about 1 μm. As described above, in the reflection part  56 , light twice passes through the color filter  62   a , and in the transmission part  54 , light once passes through the color filter layer  62   a , but the average thickness of the color filter layer  62   a  in the reflection part  56  is about ½ of the thickness of the color filter layer  62   a  in the transmission part  54 , which can make the color density in the reflection part  56  to be substantially equal to the color density in the transmission part  54 . 
     The transmission electrode  32  is formed on the color filter layer  62   a  of the transmission part  54 . The transmission electrode  32  is connected to the reflection electrode  48  at the end thereof. A part of the reflection electrode  48  is exposed from the color filter layer  62   a , which permits the transmission electrode  32  and the reflection electrode  48  to be interconnected with each other without forming the contact hole  78  (see  FIG. 24 ) in the color filter layer  62   a.    
     The liquid crystal display according to the present modification is characterized mainly in that the reflection electrode  48  is partially exposed from the color filter layer  62   a.    
     According to the present modification, the transmission electrode  32  and the reflection electrode  48  can be interconnected with each other without forming the contact hole in the color filter layer  62   a , which can simplify the fabrication steps. 
     A Sixth Embodiment 
     The liquid crystal display according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 28A to 32C .  FIGS. 28A and 28B  are plan views of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment (Part 1).  FIG. 28A  illustrates a TFT substrate, and  FIG. 28B  is a CF substrate in the region illustrated in  FIG. 28A .  FIG. 29  is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment. The same members of the present embodiment as those of the liquid crystal display according to the first to the fifth embodiments illustrated in  FIGS. 1A to 27B  are represented by the same reference numbers not to repeat or to simplify their explanation. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that a non-colored region  82   a  of a reflection part  56  is selectively arranged so that the exit direction of light reflected by the non-colored region  82   a  of the reflection part  56  and the exit direction of light reflected by a colored region  82   b  of the reflection part  56  can be substantially the same. That is, the region (non-colored region)  82   a  of the reflection part  56 , where a color filter layer  62  is not formed is selectively arranged so that the directivity of the reflection intensity in the non-colored region  82   a  can be substantially equal to the directivity of the reflection intensity in the region (colored region)  82   b  of the reflection part  56 , where the color filter layer is formed. 
     First, a TFT substrate  2   e  will be explained. 
     On a glass substrate  10 , an island-shaped insulation layer  48   a  is formed in the reflection part  56 . The insulation layer  48   a  has, e.g., a quadrangular plane shape. Convexities  42  are formed concentrically in the surface of the insulation layer  48   a . The convexities  42  have a quadrangular pattern. The direction, shape, etc. of the convexities  42  are much influenced by a balance of stresses exerted when the insulation layer  48   a  is solidification shrunk. Most of the directions of the convexities formed in the surface of the insulation layer  40   a  are substantially in parallel with or substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of gate bus lines  12 . The streaks of the convexities which are directed substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12  are called the perpendicular wrinkles. The streaks of the convexities which are substantially parallel with the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12  are called the horizontal wrinkles. 
     In the present embodiment, the convexities are formed in the surface of the insulation layer  40   a  in the form of wrinkles but are not essentially wrinkles. The convexities may be formed in the surface of the insulation layer  40   a  by, e.g., patterning an insulation layer by photolithography, etc. 
     A reflection electrode  48 , for example, is formed on the insulation layer  40   a . The reflection electrode  48  is formed of, e.g., aluminum. The reflection electrode  48  of aluminum can be formed by, e.g., sputtering. The reflection electrode  48  is formed on the insulation layer  40   a  with the convexities  42  formed concentrically in the surface, and the concentric convexities  42  are reflected to be formed concentrically also in the surface of the reflection electrode  48 . Accordingly, the streaks of the convexities which are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12 , and the streaks of the convexities which are substantially parallel with the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines are formed. The declination direction of the declined planes of the convexities  42  which are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12  substantially agrees with the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12 . The declination direction of the declined planes of the streaks of the convexities  42  which are substantially parallel with the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12  substantially agrees with the direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12 . Such convexities  42  in present the surface of the reflection electrode  48  gives directivity of the reflection intensity in the azimuth direction or the polar angle direction. For example, light incident from the left and right of the screen of the liquid crystal display and light incident from above and below the screen of the liquid crystal display are caused to exit at the front surface of the liquid crystal display at high light intensities. 
     Thus, the TFT substrate  2   e  is constituted. 
     Then, a CF substrate  4   f  will be explained. 
     A color filter layer  62  is formed on the side of the CF substrate  4   f . An opening  64   b  is formed in the color filter layer  62  at the center of a reflection part  56 . The opening  64   b  is formed in, e.g., a circle, an ellipse, a quadrangle (rhombic) or other shapes. The region of the reflection part  56 , where the color filter layer  62  is not formed, i.e., the region where the opening  64   b  is formed is called the non-colored region  82   a . The region of the reflection part  56 , where the color filter layer  62  is formed, i.e., the region where the opening  64   b  is not formed is called the colored region  82   b . The area ratio between the non-colored region  82   a  and the colored region  82   b  is, e.g., 1:4. 
     Convexities  42  are formed concentrically in the surface of the reflection electrode  48 , and the non-colored region  82   a  is positioned at the center of the reflection electrode  48 . Accordingly, the presence ratio of the perpendicular wrinkles and the horizontal wrinkles in the non-colored region  82   a  of the reflection part  56  and the present ratio of the perpendicular wrinkles and the horizontal wrinkles in the colored region  82   b  of the reflection part  56  are substantially equal to each other. Thus, the exit direction of light reflected in the non-colored region  82   a  and the exit direction of light reflected by the colored region  82   b  are substantially the same. That is, the directivity of the reflection intensity in the non-colored region  82   a  and the directivity of the reflection intensity in the colored region  82   b  are substantially the same. 
     An alignment control structure  70   b  is formed in the region above the center of the reflection electrode  48 . Alignment control structures  70   b  are formed on the CF substrate  4   f  respectively in the regions above the centers of the slid portions  36   a  of the transmission electrode  32 . The alignment control structures  70   b  has, e.g., a quadrangular (rhombic) plane shape. 
     Thus, the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is constituted. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that the non-colored region  82   a  is selectively arranged so that the exit direction of light reflected by the non-colored region  82   a  and the exit direction of light reflected by the colored region  82   b  can be substantially the same. 
     The non-colored region  82   a  can be arranged in the reflection part  56  so as to prevent the color density of the reflection part  56  from being such higher than the color density of the transmission part  54 . However, the exit direction of light reflected by the non-colored region  82   a  and the exit direction of light reflected by the colored region  82   b  are often different from each other, but the color regeneration range is often small. 
     However, in the present embodiment, the concentric convexities  42  are formed in the reflection electrode  48 , and the non-colored region  82   b  is arranged at the central part of the reflection part  56 , whereby the presence ratio between the perpendicular wrinkles and the horizontal wrinkles in the non-colored region  82   a  of the reflection part  56  and the present ratio between the perpendicular wrinkles and the horizontal wrinkles in the colored region  82   b  of the reflection part  56  can be made substantially the same. Accordingly, the exit direction of light reflected by the non-colored region  82   a  and the exit direction of light reflected by the colored region  82   b  can be made substantially the same. That is, the directivity of the reflection intensity in the non-colored region  82   a  and the directivity of the reflection intensity in the colored region  82   b  can be made substantially same. Thus, according to the present embodiment, the color density in the reflection part  56  is prevented from being much higher than the color density in the transmission region  54  while the color regeneration range can be made large. 
     (Evaluation Result) 
     Next, the results of evaluating the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment will be explained. 
     First, the reflection intensity distribution of the reflection display will be explained.  FIGS. 30A and 30B  are graphs of results of evaluating the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment.  FIG. 30A  is a graph of the reflection intensity distribution of the reflection display. In measuring the reflection intensity distribution, the polar angle of the incident light was 25 degrees, and the azimuth of the incident light was changed in the range of 0 degree to 180 degrees. The measuring point was normal to the substrate surface.  FIGS. 31A and 31B  are plan views of the liquid crystal display used as a control.  FIG. 31A  illustrates the TFT substrate, and  FIG. 31B  illustrates the CF substrate.  FIGS. 32A to 32C  are plan views of reflection parts.  FIG. 32A  is the plan view of the reflection part of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment. As shown in  FIG. 32A , the insulation layer  40   a  is formed in an island-shape, the convexities  42  are formed concentrically in the surface of the insulation layer  40   a , and the circle non-colored region  82   a  is arranged at the central part of the reflection electrode  48 .  FIG. 32B  illustrates the reflection part of the liquid crystal display of the control. As illustrated in  FIG. 32B , in the control, the insulation layer  40  is formed in strips in parallel with the gate bus line  12 , and streaks of the convexities (perpendicular wrinkles)  42   a  perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus liens  12  are formed in the surface of the insulation layer  40 . In the control, the non-colored region  82   a  is arranged in the region where the ends of the convexities  42   a  are not included, more specifically the non-colored region  82   a  was arranged in the region upper of the gate bus line  12 . 
     As seen in  FIGS. 30A and 30B , in the control, i.e., indicated by the ● marks, the reflection intensity is highest when the azimuth of the incident light is 0 degrees and 180 degrees. On the other hand, the azimuth of the incident light is other than around 0 degrees or around 180 degrees, the reflection intensity is very low. Based on this, it is found that in the control, the reflection intensity of light incident from the left and right is extremely higher than the reflection intensity of light incident from above and below. 
     With the insulation layer  40   a  formed in a strip parallel with the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12  and with the convexities  42   a  formed in the surface of the insulation layer  40   a  perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12 , the same characteristics could be obtained even when the circular non-colored region  82   a  is arranged selectively at the central part of the reflection electrode  28  (see  FIG. 32C ).  FIG. 32B  is a plan view of another control, i.e., with the insulation layer  40   a  formed in a strip along the gate bus lines  12  and with the convexities  42   a  formed in the surface of the insulation layer  40   a  along the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12 , in which the circular non-colored region  82   a  is arranged selectively at the central part of the reflection electrode  28 . 
     However, in the present embodiment, i.e., as indicated by the ▴ marks, the reflection intensity given when the azimuth of incident light is 0 degrees and 180 degrees, and the reflection intensity given when the azimuth angle of incident light is 90 degrees are substantially equal to each other. It is found that, in the present embodiment, the reflection intensity of light incident from the left and right and the reflection intensity of light incident from above and below are substantially equal to each other. 
     Then, the NTSC ratio distribution of the reflection display will be explained with reference to  FIG. 30B .  FIG. 30B  is a graph of NTSC ratio distributions of the reflection display. The NTSC ratio is a color regeneration range of a chromaticity area defined by NTSC specifications, which is represented by an area ratio. In measuring the visual characteristics of the reflectivity of light, the polar angle α of the incident light (see  FIG. 8 ) was 25 degrees, and the azimuth β of the incident light (see  FIG. 8 ) was changed in the range of 0-180 degrees. The measuring point was normal to the substrate surface. The ● marks indicate the result of the control, i.e., the liquid crystal display illustrated in  FIGS. 31A and 31B . The ▴ marks indicate the result of the present embodiment. 
     As seen in  FIG. 30B , in the control, i.e., as indicated by the ● marks, the NTSC ratio given when the azimuth β of the incident light is 0 degrees and 180 degrees, is extremely small in comparison with the NTSC ratio given when the azimuth β of the incident light is 90 degrees. Based on this, it is found that, in the control, the NTSC ratio given when light is incident, e.g., from the left and right is extremely small in comparison with the NTSC ratio given when light is incident from above and below. The same characteristics was given when the circular non-colored region  82   a  was arranged selectively at the central part of the reflection electrode  48  with the insulation layer  40   a  formed in a strip parallel with the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12  and with the perpendicular convexities  42   a  formed along the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12 . 
     However, in the present embodiment, i.e., as indicated by the ▴ marks, the NTSC ratio given when the azimuth β of the incident light is 0 degrees and 180 degrees, and the NTSC ratio given when the azimuth β of the incident light is 90 degrees are substantially equal to each other. Based on this, it is found that, in the present embodiment, the NTSC ratio given when light is incident, e.g., from the left and right and the NTSC ratio given when light is incident from above and below can be substantially equal to each other. 
     As described above, the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment can have little brightness deviation and have a wide color regeneration range. 
     (Modification 1) 
     A modification (Part 1) of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 33 to 34B .  FIG. 33  is a plan view of the reflection part of the liquid crystal display according to the present modification. 
     As shown in  FIG. 33 , convexities  42  are formed concentrically in an island-shaped insulation layer  40   a . The island-shaped insulation layer  40   a  has a quadrangular shape. The convexities  42  define a quadrangular shape. 
     A non-colored region  82   a  is selectively arranged in the reflection part  56 . The non-colored region  82   a  has, e.g., a right-angled triangular shape. The non-colored region  82   a  is arranged with the corners of the non-colored region  82   a  agreed with the corners of the reflection electrode  48 . The ratio of the length of the horizontal wrinkles  42   a  and the length of the perpendicular wrinkles  42   b  present in the non-colored region  82   a , and the ratio between the length of the sides of the triangle are substantially equal to each other. The part except the non-colored region  82   a  is the colored region  82   b , i.e., the region where the color filter layer  62  (see  FIG. 28B ) is formed. The presence ratio of the perpendicular wrinkles  42   a  and the horizontal wrinkles  42   b  present in the non-colored region  82   a  of the reflection part  56 , and the presence ratio of the perpendicular wrinkles  42   a  and the horizontal wrinkles  42   b  present in the colored region  82   b  of the reflection part  56  are substantially equal to each other, whereby the directivity of the reflection intensity of light reflected in the non-colored region  82   b  and the directivity of the reflection intensity of light reflected in the colored region  82   a  are substantially equal to each other. Accordingly, the exit direction of light reflected in the non-colored region  82   a  can be made substantially the same as the exit direction of light reflected in the colored region  82   b.    
     Next, the results of evaluating the liquid crystal display according to the present modification will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 34A and 34B .  FIGS. 34A and 34B  are graphs of the evaluation results of the liquid crystal display according to the present modification. 
     First, reflection intensity distribution of the reflection display will be explained with reference to  FIG. 34A .  FIG. 34A  is the graph of the reflection intensity distribution of the reflection display. In measuring the reflection intensity distribution, the polar angle α of incident light (see  FIG. 8 ) is 25 degrees, and the azimuth β of incident light (see  FIG. 8 ) was changed in the range of 0-180 degrees. The measuring point was normal to the substrate surface. 
     As seen in  FIG. 34A , in the liquid crystal display according to the present modification, the reflection intensity given when the azimuth β of the incident light is 0 degree and 180 degrees and the reflection intensity given when the azimuth β of the incident light is 90 degrees are substantially equal to each other. Based on this, it is found that, in the present embodiment, the reflection intensity of light incident from the left and right, and the reflection intensity of light incident from above and below can be made substantially equal to each other. 
     Next, the NTSC ratio distribution of the reflection display will be explained with reference to  FIG. 34B .  FIG. 34B  is the graph of the NTSC ratio distribution of the reflection display. In measuring the visual angle characteristics of the reflectivity of light, the polar angle α of incident light was 25 degrees, and the azimuth β of incident light was changed in the range of 0-180 degrees. The measuring point was normal to the substrate surface. 
     As seen in  FIG. 34B , the NTSC ratio given when the azimuth β of the incident light is 0 degrees and 180 degrees, and the NTSD ratio given when the azimuth β of the incident light is 90 degrees are substantially equal to each other. Based on this, it is found that, in the present modification, the NTSC ratio given when light is incident, e.g., from the left and right and the NTSC ratio given when light is incident from above and below can be substantially equal to each other. 
     As described above, the liquid crystal display according to the present modification can have little brightness deviation and have a wide color regeneration range. 
     In the present modification, the non-colored region  82   a  has a triangular shape but is not limited to a triangular or a circular shape. The non-colored region  82   a  of any other shape can be suitably arranged so that the exit direction of light reflected in the non-colored region  82   a  is substantially the same as the exit direction of light reflected by the colored region  82   b . In other words, the non-colored region  82   a  of any other shape can be suitably arranged so that the directivity of the reflection intensity in the non-colored region  82   a  is substantially the same as the directivity of the reflection intensity in the colored region  82   b . More specifically, the non-colored region  82   a  may be arranged so that the presence ratio of the perpendicular wrinkles  42   a  and the horizontal wrinkles  42   b  present in the non-colored region  82   a , and the presence ratio between the perpendicular wrinkles  42   a  and the horizontal wrinkles  42   b  present in the colored-region  82   b  can be substantially equal to each other. 
     (Modification 2) 
     Next, a modification (Part 2) of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment will be explained with reference to  FIG. 35 .  FIG. 35  is a plan view of the reflection part of the liquid crystal display according to the present modification. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present modification is characterized mainly in that the convexities  42  in the surface of the insulation layer  40   a  are formed by patterning using photolithography. 
     As shown in  FIG. 35 , the convexities  42  are formed concentrically in the surface of the insulation layer  40   a . The outer concave and convex patterns have quadrangular. The outer concave and convex patterns have patterns substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12  and patterns substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12 . The inner concave and convex patterns are cross-shaped. The inner concave and convex patterns also have patterns substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12  and the patterns substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12 . The outer patterns and the inner patterns are arranged concentric to the center of the insulation layer  40   a.    
     The non-colored region  82   a  is arranged at the central part of the reflection part  56 . The non-colored region  82   a  has a circular (elliptic) shape. The region of the reflection part  56  except the non-colored region  82   a  is the colored region  82   b.    
     Thus, the liquid crystal display according to the present modification is constituted. 
     As described above, the liquid crystal display according to the present modification is characterized mainly in that the convexities  42  are formed in the surface of the insulation layer  40   a  by patterning the surface of the insulation layer  40   a.    
     In the liquid crystal display shown in  FIGS. 28A and 28B , the insulation layer  40   a  is thermally solidification shrunk to form the convexities  42  in the surface of the insulation layer  40   a . However, as in the present modification, the convexities  42  may be formed in the surface of the insulation layer  40   a  by patterning using photolithography. 
     In the present modification as well, in which the convexities  42  are concentrically formed in the surface of the insulation layer  40   a , and the non-colored region  82   a  is selectively arranged at the central part of the insulation layer  40   a , the directivity of the reflection intensity in the non-colored region  82   a  and the directivity of the reflection intensity in the colored region  82   b  can be made substantially the same. That is, the reflection direction of light reflected in the non-colored region  82   a  and the reflection direction of light reflected in the colored region  82   b  can be made substantially the same. Accordingly, the liquid crystal display according to the present modification as well can have a wide color regeneration range, as does the liquid crystal display shown in  FIGS. 28A ,  28 B and  33 . 
     A Seventh Embodiment 
     The liquid crystal display according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 36A to 38B .  FIGS. 36A and 36B  are plan views of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment.  FIG. 36A  illustrates a TFT substrate, and  FIG. 36B  illustrate a CF substrate in the region illustrated in  FIG. 36A .  FIG. 37  is a plan view of a reflection part of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment. The same members of the present embodiment as those of the liquid crystal display according to the first to the sixth embodiments illustrated in  FIGS. 1A to 25B  are represented by the same reference numbers not to repeat or to simplify their explanation. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that non-colored regions  82   a  are arranged so that the directivity of the reflection intensity of light reflected by a reflection electrode  48  in a colored region  82   b  and the directivity of the reflection intensity of light reflected by the reflection electrode  48  in the non-colored regions  82   a  are different from each other, and the reflection intensity of light reflected by the reflection electrode  48  in the colored region  82   b  is higher than the reflection intensity of light reflected by the reflection electrode  48  in the non-colored region  82   a . More specifically, the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that the streaks of the convexities  42   a  are formed side by side in the surface of the reflection electrode  48 , and the non-colored regions  82   a  are arranged, covering the ends of the convexities  42   a.    
     As shown in  FIGS. 36A and 36B , an insulation layer  40  is formed in a strip substantially parallel with the longitudinal direction of gate bus lines  12 . Convexities  42   a  are formed in the surface of the strip-shaped insulation layer  40 . The convexities  42   a  are formed substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12 . 
     The same convexities  42   a  as the convexities formed in the surface of the insulation layer  40  are formed in the reflection electrode  48  formed on the insulation layer  40 . Because of the convexities  42  present in the surface of the reflection electrode  48 , directivity is given to the reflection intensity in the azimuth direction or polar angle direction. 
     The strip-shaped non-colored regions  82   a  are arranged on both ends of the reflection part  56 . The non-colored regions  82   a  cover the ends of the convexities  42   a . The declined planes of the convexities  42   a  at the ends thereof are faced in various directions, and light incident on the ends of the convexities  42   a  is diffused. Accordingly, the peaks of the reflection intensities of light reflected in the non-colored regions  82   a  are relatively low. 
     The region of the reflection part  56  except the non-colored region  82   a  is the colored region  82   b . The colored region  82   b  is, e.g., strip-shaped. The colored region is arranged, not covering the ends of the convexities  42   a . In the region which does not contain the ends of the convexities  42   a , the declination direction of the declined planes of the convexities  42   a  is along the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  14 , and light incident from, e.g., the left and right is reflected at high intensity. Peaks of the reflection intensities of light reflected in the colored region  82   b  is higher than peaks of intensities of light reflected in the non-colored regions  82   a.    
     In the present embodiment, the non-colored regions  82   a  have a strip-shaped plane shape, i.e., a polygonal shape but is not limited a polygonal plane shape. The plane shape of the non-colored regions  82   a  can be circular or elliptic. 
     Next, the result of evaluating the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 38A and 38B .  FIGS. 38A and 38B  are graphs of the results of the evaluation of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment. 
     First, the reflection intensity distribution of the reflection display will be explained.  FIG. 38A  is a graph of the reflection intensity distribution of the reflection display. In measuring the reflection intensity distribution, the polar angle α (see  FIG. 8 ) of incident light was 25 degrees, and the azimuth β (see  FIG. 8 ) of the incident light was changed in the range of 0-180 degrees. The measuring point was normal to the substrate surface. 
     As seen in  FIG. 38A , in the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment, the reflection intensity given when the azimuth β of incident light is 0 degrees and 180 degrees is higher than the reflection intensity given when the azimuth β of incident light is 90 degrees. However, in the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment, the reflection intensity distribution of the reflection display is much improved in comparison with that of the liquid crystal display according to the control illustrated in  FIGS. 30A and 30B . 
     Then, the NTSC ratio distribution of the reflection display will be explained with reference to  FIG. 38B .  FIG. 38B  is the graph of the NTSC ratio distribution of the reflection display. In measuring the visual angle characteristics of the reflectivity of light, the polar angle α of incident light was 25 degrees, and the azimuth β of incident light was changed in the range of 0-180 degrees. The measuring point was normal to the substrate surface. 
     As seen in  FIG. 38B , in the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment, the NTSC ratio is very high when the azimuth β of incident light is 0 degrees and 180 degrees and is very low when the azimuth β of incident light other than around 0 degrees and around 180 degrees. Based on this, it is found that, in the present embodiment, the NTSC ratio given when light is incident from, e.g., the left and right can be made high. 
     Based on the above, it is found that under conditions which the display is bright, a wide color regeneration range can be obtained, and the color regeneration range is narrow under conditions under which the display is dark. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that, as described above, the directivity of the reflection intensity of light reflected by the reflection electrode  48  in the colored region  82   b  and the directivity of the reflection intensity of light reflected by the reflection electrode  48  in the non-colored regions  82   a  are different from each other, and the non-colored regions  82   a  are arranged so that the reflection intensity of light reflected by the reflection electrode  48  in the colored region  82   b  is higher than the reflection intensity of light reflected by the reflection electrode  48  in the non-colored regions  82   a . More specifically, the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that, as described above, the convexities  42   a  are formed side by side in the surface of the reflection electrode  48 , and the colored region  82   b  is arranged, not covering the ends of the convexities lines  42   a  while the non-colored regions  82   a  is arranged, covering the ends of the convexities  42   a . The liquid crystal display of such arrangement can provide a large color regeneration range under conditions which provide bright display. On the other hand, under conditions which provide dark display, the color regeneration range is small, but without any special practical problem, the small color regeneration range is hard to recognize under conditions which provide dark display. Thus, the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment as well can have good display quality. 
     (Modification) 
     Then, a modification of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment will be explained with reference to  FIG. 39 .  FIG. 39  is a plan view of a reflection part of the liquid crystal display according to the present modification. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present modification is characterized mainly in that convexities  42   a  are formed in the surface of the insulation layer  40   a  by patterning using photolithography. 
     As shown in  FIG. 39 , concave and convex patterns  42   a  which are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus lines  12  are formed in the surface of the insulation layer  40   a.    
     Strip-shaped non-colored regions  82   a  are arranged on both ends of the reflection part  56 . The non-colored regions  82   a  are arranged, covering the ends of the convexities  42   a . The convexities  42   a  have the declined planes faced in various declination directions at the ends thereof, and light is diffused. Accordingly, peaks of the intensity of the light reflected in the non-colored region  82   a  are relatively low. 
     The region of the reflection part  56 , which is other than the non-colored region  82   a  is the colored region  82   b . The colored region  82   b  has, e.g., a strip-shape. The colored region  82   b  is arranged, not containing the ends of the convexities  42   a . In the region which does not contain the ends of the convexities  42   a , the declination direction of the declined planes of the convexities  42   a  is along the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12 , and light incident, e.g., from the left and right is reflected at a high reflection intensity. Peaks of the intensity of light reflected in the colored region  82   b  is higher than peaks of the intensity of light reflected in the non-colored region  82   a.    
     Even the liquid crystal display in which the convexities  42   a  are formed in the surface of the insulation layer  40   a  by photolithography can have good display quality, as does the liquid crystal display illustrated in  FIGS. 36A and 36B . 
     An Eighth Embodiment 
     The liquid crystal display according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 40A to 41 .  FIGS. 40A to 40C  are plan views of a reflection part of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment. The same members of the present embodiment as those of the liquid crystal display according to the first to the seventh embodiments illustrated in  FIGS. 1A to 39  are represented by the same reference numbers not to repeat or to simplify their explanation. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that pixels have different areas of the non-colored regions  82   a  in accordance with display colors of the pixels. 
     First, the same TFT substrate as the TFT substrate  2   e  of the liquid crystal display illustrated in  FIG. 28A  can be used, and its detailed description is omitted. 
     Next, a CF substrate will be explained. 
     The CF substrate of the present embodiment is the same as the CF substrate of the liquid crystal display illustrated in  FIG. 28B  except that pixels have different areas of the non-colored regions  82   a  in accordance with display colors of the pixels. 
       FIG. 40A  is a plan view of the reflection part of a pixel which displays red color (R)  FIG. 40B  is a plan view of the reflection part of a pixel which displays green color (G).  FIG. 40C  is a plan view of the reflection part of a pixel which displays blue color (B). 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 40A and 40C , the reflection part  56   a  of the pixel which displays red color and the reflection part  56   c  of the pixel which displays blue color have relatively small areas of the non-colored regions  82   a . Specifically, the ratio of the areas of the non-colored regions  82   a  to the areas of the colored regions  82   b  are set at about 15%. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 40B , in the reflection part  56  of the pixel which displays green color, the area of the non-colored region  82   a  is set to be relatively large. Specifically, the ratio of the area of the non-colored region  82   a  to the area of the colored region  82   b  is set at about 35%. 
     (Evaluation Result) 
     The result of evaluating the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment will be explained with reference to  FIG. 41 .  FIG. 41  is a graph of the chromaticity coordinates of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment. 
     The ● marks indicate the result of the case where the ratio of the area of the non-colored region  82   a  to the area of the colored region  82   b  was set at 25%. The ▪ marks indicate the result of the case where the thickness of the color filter layer for the reflection was 0.7 μm, and the non-colored region  82   a  is not formed in the reflection part  56 . The ▴ marks indicate the result of the present embodiment, in which, in the reflection parts  56   a ,  56   c  of a pixel, which display red color and blue color, the ratio of the non-colored region  82   a  to the area of the colored region  82   b  was set at 15%, and in the reflection parts  56   b  of a pixel, which display green color, the ratio of the area of the non-colored region  82   a  to the area of the colored region  82   b  was set at 35%. 
     The ratio of the area of the non-colored region is set to be substantially equal so that the NTSC ratio of the transmission color filter layer  62  is substantially equal to the NTSC ratio of the reflection color filter layer. However, as seen in  FIG. 41 , in the ● marked case, the chromaticity coordinates of the displayed colors are offset from the color coordinates of the ▪ marked case. 
     In the present embodiment, however, i.e., in the ▴ marked case, such chromaticity coordinates offset is corrected, and the chromaticity coordinates of the displayed colors are near the chromaticity coordinates of the ▪ marked case. 
     As described above, according to the present embodiment, the ratio of the area of the non-colored region  82   a  to the area of the colored region  82   b  is suitably changed in accordance with display colors of pixels, whereby good color regeneration in the reflection display can be realized. 
     A Ninth Embodiment 
     The liquid crystal display according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention and a method for fabricating the liquid crystal display will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 42 to 48C .  FIG. 42  is a plan view of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment.  FIG. 43  is the sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment along the line A-A′ The same members of the present embodiment as those of the liquid crystal display according to the first to the eighth embodiments illustrated in  FIGS. 1A  to  41  not to repeat or to simplify their explanation. 
     (The Liquid Crystal Display) 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment comprises a TFT substrate  2   f  with thin film transistors, etc. formed on, a CF substrate  4  with a color filter layer, etc. formed on and a liquid crystal layer  6  sealed between the TFT substrate  2   f  and the CF substrate  4 . The CF substrate  4  can be suitably any one of the CF substrates of the above-described embodiments. 
     First, the TFT substrate  2   f  will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 42 and 43 . 
     A gate bus line  12 , a Cs (storage capacitance) bus line  14  and a Cs dummy bus line  16  are formed on a glass substrate  10 . 
     A gate insulation film  20  of, e.g., a silicon nitride film is formed on the glass substrate  10  with the gate bus line  12 , the Cs bus line  14  and the Cs dummy bus line  16  formed on. 
     A channel layer  22  of, e.g., amorphous silicon is formed on the gate insulation film  20 . 
     A channel protection film  84  of, e.g., a silicon nitride film is formed on the channel layer  22 . 
     A contact layer  86  of, e.g., n +  type amorphous silicon is formed on the channel layer  22  and the channel protection film  84 . The contact layer  86  is for forming an ohmic-contact with a source electrode  24   a  and a drain electrode  24   b.    
     The source electrode  24   a  and the drain electrode  24   b  are formed on the contact layer  86 . Thus, a thin film transistor  18   a  comprising the gate electrode  12 , the channel layer  22 , the source electrode  24   a , the drain electrode  24 , etc. is formed. 
     An amorphous silicon film  22 , an n +  type amorphous silicon film  86  and a Cs opposed electrode (intermediate electrode)  26  are formed above the Cs bus line  14  with a gate insulation film  20  formed therebetween. The Cs opposed electrode  26  forms a prescribed capacitance together with the Cs bus line  14 . The Cs opposed electrode  26  is formed of one and the same conduction film as the source electrode  24   a  and the drain electrode  24   b.    
     A data bus line  28  is formed on the gate insulation film  20 . The data bus line is formed of one and the same conduction film as the source electrode  24   a , the drain electrode  24   b  and the Cs opposed electrode  26 . The data bus line  28  and the source electrode  24   a  are formed integral with each other. 
     A protection film  29  of a transparent material is formed on the glass substrate  10  with the thin film transistor  18   a , the Cs opposed electrode  26  and the data bus line  28  formed on. 
     A contact hole  30   a  and a contact hole  30   b  are formed in the protection film  29  respectively down to the source electrode  24   b  and down to the Cs opposed electrode  26 . 
     A transmission electrode  32  of, e.g., ITO film is formed on the protection film  29 . The transmission electrode  32  includes, e.g., two electrode units  34   a ,  34   b . An interconnection pattern  38   b  of the transmission electrode  32  is connected to the source electrode  24   b  through the contact hole  30   a . An interconnection pattern  38   c  of the transmission electrode  32  is connected to the Cs opposed electrode  26  through the contact hole  30   b.    
     A strip-shaped of resin layer  40  with convexities  42   a  formed in the surface is formed on the interconnection pattern  38   b  of the transmission electrode  32  and the protection film  29 . The resin layer  40  is formed by using, e.g., a positive-type resist. The resin layer  40  is formed substantially in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12 . The resin layer  40  has one edge positioned on the Cs bus line  14 , and the other edge of the resin layer  40  positioned on the Cs dummy bus line  16 . The direction of the convexities  42   a  are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the resin layer  40 , i.e., substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12 . 
     The resin layer  40  has a projected pattern  88  which is projected between pixel electrodes  52  which are adjacent to each other. The protected pattern  88  and the resin layer  40  are formed integral each other. In the present embodiment, the resin layer  40  has the protected pattern  88  for the following reason. 
     That is, the resin layer  40  is as thick as, e.g., about 2.5 μm that when the conduction film is dry etched to form the reflection electrode  48 , the residue of the conduction film is left on the side wall of the resin layer  40 . The residue of the conduction film on the side wall of the resin layer  40  causes a risk that the adjacent reflection electrodes  48  may be electrically shorted. However, the projected pattern  88  formed on the resin layer  40 , projected between the pixel electrodes  52  makes the tilt of the plane of the side wall of the resin layer  40  blunt to the substrate surface at the forward end of the projected pattern  88 . In a case that the tilt of the plane of the side wall of the resin layer  40  is blunt to the substrate surface, the residue of the conduction film tend to remain, when the conduction film is etched to form the reflection electrode  48 . In the present embodiment, for this reason, the projected pattern  88  is formed on the resin layer  40 . However, when the conduction film to be the reflection electrode  48  is patterned by wet etching, the residue of the conduction film does not easily remain on the side wall of the resin layer  40  when the conduction film to be the reflection electrode  40  is patterned by wet etching, and it is not necessary to form the projected pattern  88  on the resin layer  40 . 
     Alignment control structures  44   a ,  44   b  of one and the same resin layer as the resin layer  40  are formed on the data bus line  28 . The alignment control structures  44   a ,  44   b  have, e.g., a triangular or a quadrangular (rhombic) plane shape. 
     Reflection electrodes  48   a ,  48   b  are formed on the resin layer  40 . The reflection electrode  48   b  is not electrically connected to the transmission electrode  32  which is driven by the gate bus line  12   b  present below the reflection electrode  48   b  but is electrically connected to the transmission electrode  32  which is driven by the gate bus line  12   a  which is different from the gate bus line  12   b  present below the reflection electrode  48   b.    
     Thus, the TFT substrate  2   f  is constituted. 
     A CF substrate  4  (see  FIG. 5 ) is disposed opposed to the TFT substrate  2   f . A liquid crystal layer  6  (see  FIG. 4 ) is sealed between the TFT substrate  2   f  and the CF substrate  4 . 
     Thus, the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is constituted. 
     As described above the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that the resin layer  40  is formed in a strip along the gate bus line  12 , and the streaks of the convexities  42   a  which are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the resin layer  40  are formed in the surface of the resin layer  40 . 
     The reflection electrode  48  is formed on the insulation layer  40  with such convexities  42   a  formed in, and the convexities  42   a  are formed also in the surface of the reflection electrode  48 , reflecting the convexities  42   a  in the surface of the insulation layer  40 . The declination direction of the declines planes of the convexities  42   a  are substantially in agreement with the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12 . Accordingly, in the present embodiment, the reflectivity of light incident from, e.g., the left and right can be increased. That is, in the present embodiment, the reflectivity of light incident, e.g., from the left and right or from above and below in the drawing can be increased. Thus, the brightness of the reflection display can be improved. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that the resin layer  40  has the projected pattern  88  which is projected from the region between the adjacent reflection electrodes  48   a . At the forward end of the projected pattern  88 , the tilt of the plane of the sidewall of the resin layer  40  is blunt to the substrate surface, which makes it difficult for the residue of the conduction film to remain at the forward end of the projected pattern  88  when the conduction film is dry etched to form the reflection electrode  48 . Accordingly, the present embodiment can prevent without failure the adjacent reflection electrodes from shorting with each other. 
     (The Method for Fabricating the Liquid Crystal Display) 
     Then, the method for fabricating the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 44A to 47D .  FIGS. 44A to 47D  are sectional views of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment in the steps of the method for fabricating the liquid crystal display. 
     First, as shown in  FIG. 44A , an Al film, an MoN film (molybdenum nitride film) and an Mo film (Molybdenum film) are sequentially formed on the entire surface of the glass substrate  10  by, e.g., PVD. The thickness of the Al film (aluminum film) is, e.g., 150 nm, the thickness of the MoN film is, e.g., 90 nm, and the thickness of the Mo film is, e.g., 10 nm. Thus, a layer film  90  is formed of the Al film, the MoN film and the Mo film is formed. 
     The layer film  90  for forming the gate bus line  12 , etc. is formed of the Al film, the MoN film and Mo film. However, the conduction film forming the gate bus line  12 , etc. is not limited to the layer film  90  formed of these materials. For example, the conduction film for forming the gate bus line  12 , etc. may be Cr film, Al alloy film or others. The conduction film for forming the gate bus line  12 , etc. may be a layer film of Al film and Ti film, or others. 
     Next, a photoresist film  92  is formed on the entire surface by, e.g., spin coating. 
     Then, the photoresist film  92  is patterned into a prescribed configuration by photolithography. 
     Then, as illustrated in  FIG. 44B , with the photoresist film  92  as the mask, the layer film  90  is wet etched. The etchant is, e.g., a mixed acid of phosphoric acid, nitric acid and acetic acid. When the conduction film for forming the gate bus line  12 , etc. is a layer film of Al film and Ti film, the conduction film may be dry etched. Thus, the gate bus line  12 , the Cs bus line  14  and the Cs dummy bus line  16 , etc. are formed. Then the photoresist film  92  is released. 
     Then, as illustrated in  FIG. 44C , the gate insulation film  20  of silicon nitride film is formed on the entire surface by, e.g., plasma CVD. Silicon nitride film is a transparent insulation film. The thickness of the gate insulation film  20  is, e.g., about 350 nm. 
     Next, the amorphous silicon film  22  is formed on the entire surface by, e.g., plasma CVD. The amorphous silicon film  22  is to be the channel layer of the thin film transistor (TFT). The thickness of the amorphous silicon film  22  is about, e.g., 30 nm. 
     Then, the channel protection film  84  of the silicon nitride film is formed on the entire surface by, e.g., plasma CVD. The thickness of the channel protection film  84  is, e.g., about 120 nm. 
     Next, a photoresist film  94  is formed on the entire surface by, e.g., spin coating. 
     Then, the photoresist film  94  is patterned into a prescribed configuration by photolithography. When the photoresist film  94  is patterned, the upper exposure and the back exposure may be suitably combined. The back exposure can expose the photoresist film  94  by self-alignment with the gate bus line  12 . 
     Then, as illustrated in  FIG. 44D , with the photoresist film  94  as the mask, the channel protection film  84  is etched. Then, the photoresist film  94  is released. 
     Next, as illustrated in  FIG. 45A , the n +  type amorphous silicon film  86  is formed on the entire surface by, e.g., PVD. The n +  type amorphous silicon film  86  is to be a contact layer. The thickness of the n +  type amorphous silicon film  86  is, e.g., about 30 nm. 
     Then, a 20 nm-thickness Ti film, a 75 nm-thickness Al film and a 80 nm-thickness Ti film are sequentially formed one on another on the entire surface by, e.g., PVD to form the conduction film  96 . The conduction film  96  is to be the source electrode  24   a , the drain electrode  24   b , the data bus line  28  and the Cs opposed electrode  26 . 
     In the present embodiment, as the conduction film to be the source electrode  24   a , etc., the layer film  96  of Ti film, Al film and Ti film is formed, but the conduction film to be the source electrode  24   a , etc. is not limited to the layer film  96 . For example, as the conduction film to be the source electrode  24   a , etc., an Al alloy film may be formed, or a layer film of other low resistive metals may be formed. 
     Then, a photoresist film  98  is formed on the entire surface by, e.g., spin coating. 
     Next, the photoresist film  98  is patterned into a prescribed configuration by photolithography. 
     Then, as illustrated in  FIG. 45B , the conduction film  96 , n +  type amorphous silicon film  86  and the amorphous silicon film  22  are dry etched by, e.g., RIE using the photoresist film  98  as the mask. The etchant gas is, e.g., a Cl-based gas. Thus, the data bus line  28 , the drain electrode  24   b , the source electrode  24   a  and the Cs opposed electrode  26  of the conduction film are formed. The n +  type amorphous silicon film  86  present below the drain electrode  24   b  and the source electrode  24   a  functions as the contact layer. Then, the photoresist film  98  is released. 
     Next, as illustrated in  FIG. 45C , the protection film  29  of silicon nitride is formed on the entire surface by, e.g., plasma CVD. The film thickness of the protection film  29  is, e.g., about 330 nm. 
     Next, a photoresist film  100  is formed on the entire surface by, e.g., spin coating. 
     Then, openings  102   a ,  102   b  are formed in the photoresist film  100  by photolithography. The openings  102   a ,  102   b  are for forming the contact holes  30   a ,  30   b.    
     Next, as illustrated in  FIG. 45D , the protection film  29  is etched with the photoresist film  100  as the mask. The contact hole  30   a  and the contact hole  30   b  are formed respectively down to the drain electrode  24   b  and the Cs opposed electrode  26 . Then the photoresist film  100  is released (see  FIG. 46A ). 
     Next, as illustrated in  FIG. 46B , an ITO layer  104  is formed on the entire surface by, e.g., PVD. The ITO film  104  is for forming the transmission electrode  52 , etc. The thickness of the ITO film  104  is, e.g., about 70 nm. 
     Next, a photoresist film  106  is formed on the entire surface by, e.g., spin coating. 
     Then, the photoresist film  106  is patterned into a prescribed configuration by photolithography. 
     Then, as illustrated in  FIG. 46C , with the photoresist film  106  as the mask, the ITO film  104  is etched. Thus, the transmission electrode  52  of the ITO film  104 , and interconnection pattern  38  of the ITO film  104  are formed. Then, the photoresist film  106  is released. 
     Next, thermal processing is performed to crystallize the transmission electrode  52 , etc of the ITO film. The thermal processing temperature is, e.g., 200° C. or higher than 200° C. 
     Next, a positive-type photoresist layer  40  is formed on the entire surface by, e.g., spin coating. The thickness of the resist layer  40  is, e.g., about 2.5 μm. Then, thermal processing (pre-bake) is performed on the resist layer  40 . The pre-bake evaporates the residual solvent in the resist layer  40  and enhance the adhesion of the photoresist layer  40  to the base. 
     Then, as illustrated in  FIG. 46D , the positive-type photoresist film  40  is patterned into a prescribed configuration by photolithography. Thus, a strip-shaped of the resin layer of the positive-type photoresist layer  40  is formed straight. The width of the strip-shaped resin layer  40  is, e.g., about 30-100 μm. At this time, the resist layer  40  is patterned to form the protected pattern  88  (see  FIG. 42 ) projected between pixel electrodes  52 . At this time, the alignment control structures  44   a ,  44   b  (see  FIG. 42 ) of resin layer  40  are formed on the data bus line  28 . 
     The projected pattern  88  of the resin layer  40  is formed so as to prevent the adjacent reflection electrodes  48  from shorting with each other. When the conduction film to form the reflection electrode  48  is patterned by wet etching, the residue of the conduction film is not easily left on the side wall of the resin layer, which makes it unnecessary to form the projected pattern  88  on the resin layer  40 . 
     Next, thermal processing (post-bake) is performed on the resin layer  40 . The thermal processing temperature is, e.g., 130-170° C. The post-bake is for evaporating the developer and rinse liquid remaining in the resist layer  40  or on the surface of the resist film  40 , solidifying the resist layer  40  and ensuring the adhesion of the resist layer  40  to the base. The post-bake is essential because unless the post-bake is performed, there is a risk that when ions are implanted into the resist layer  40  in a later step, the ion implantation may not be perfectly performed due to the degassing. When, in a later step, ion-implantation is not performed, but UV exposure is performed, unless the post-bake is performed, there is a risk that the resist layer  40  may be exploded. The post-bake is essential also when UV exposure is performed in a later step. 
     Then phosphorus ions are implanted in the surface of the resin layer  40  by, e.g., ion implantation. A gas to be fed into the chamber of an ion implantation system is a phosphine (PH 3 ) gas diluted with hydrogen (H 2 ) gas. Phosphorus ions are implanted in the surface of the resin layer  40  so as to solidify the surface of the resin layer  40 . 
     In the present embodiment, the surface of the resin layer  40  is solidified by ion implantation. However, the method for solidifying the surface of the resin layer  40  is not limited to ion implantation. The surface of the resin layer  40  may be solidified by, e.g., plasma irradiation, UV irradiation, laser beam irradiation or others. 
     Then, thermal processing of relatively high temperature (hard cure) is performed on the resin layer  40 . The hard cure is performed at a temperature higher than that of the post-bake, more specifically a temperature above a thermal solidification temperature of the resist film. The thermal processing temperature is, e.g., 190-230° C. The surface of the resin layer  40 , which has been solidified in advance, is not easily shrunk, but the inside of the resin layer is much thermally shrunk by the thermal processing of the relative high temperature. The convexities  42   a  are thus formed in the surface of the resin layer  40  (see  FIG. 47A ). 
     The thermal shrinkage percentage by the hard cure varies depending on temperatures of the post-bake. The temperature of the post-bake is suitably set, whereby the configuration etc. of the convexities  42   a  can be suitably set. 
     The height difference (depth) between the convexities  42  and the pitch thereof can be varied by suitably setting conditions for the ion implantation, the film thickness of the resist film, etc. In fabricating a small-sized liquid crystal displays, such as the liquid crystal displays used in PDA, the average declination angle of the declined planes of the convexities  42   a  is preferably about 4-8 degrees. When the convexities  42   a  are formed in the surface of the resin layer  40 , it is possible to set, for example, the thickness of the resist film at about 2.5 μm, the gas flow rate of PH 3  to be fed into the chamber at about 40 sccm, the plasma discharge output at about 100 W, the acceleration voltage at about 60 keV, and the does at about 3×10 14  cm −2 . When the convexities  42   a  are formed under these conditions, the depth of the convexities  42   a  is 0.4-1.0 μm, the pitch thereof is 10-14 μm, and the average declination angle of the declined planes of the convexities  42   a  is about 4-8 degrees. 
     The ion implantation conditions are not limited to the above and can be suitably set. For example, the dose can be 5×10 13 -1×10 15  cm −2 , and the acceleration voltage is within the range of 5-90 keV, whereby the convexities can be formed uniform. 
     In the present embodiment, when the ion implantation is performed, phosphine gas diluted with hydrogen gas is fed into the chamber of the ion implantation system, but the gas to be fed into the chamber of the ion implantation system is not limited to the gas. For example, diborane gas (B 2 H 6 ) diluted with hydrogen gas may be used. When diborane gas is used, boron ions are implanted into the surface of the resin layer  40  of a positive-type resist. The boron ion implantation into the surface of the resin layer  40  can form desired convexities lines in the surface of the resin layer  40 , as does the phosphorus ion implantation. 
     Next, as illustrated in  FIG. 47B , a Ti film and an Al film are sequentially laid on the entire surface by, e.g., PVD to form the conductor film  48 . The thickness of the Ti film is, e.g., 100 nm. The thickness of the Al film is, e.g., 100 nm. The conductor film  48  is to be the reflection electrode. 
     The conductor film is not formed of a single layer of an Al film but is formed of the layer film of a Ti film and an Al film, because when the Al film is directly connected to the ITO film forming the transmission electrode  32 , electrochemical corrosion, i.e., electro-corrosion take place. In the present embodiment, because of the Ti film between the ITO film forming the transmission electrode  32  and the Al film, the electro-corrosion can be prevented. 
     It is preferable to form the Ti film thick. More specifically, it is preferable to set the thickness of the Ti film to be larger than the thickness of the ITO film  104 . The thickness of the Ti film is set to be larger because when the Ti film is absent at the edge of the reflection electrode  48 , the Al film directly contacts the transmission electrode  32  of the ITO film, and the electro-corrosion takes place. When the Ti film is formed thicker than the ITO film  104 , the Ti film is sufficiently thick, whereby the direct contact of the Al film to the transmission electrode  104  of the ITO film  104  can be prevented. 
     In the present embodiment, the Ti film and the Al film are sequentially laid to form the conductor film  48 . However, the materials of the conductor film  48  is not limited them. For example, an MoN film and an Al film are sequentially laid to form the conductor film  48 . In this case, the thickness of the MoN film is, e.g., 100 nm. The thickness of the Al film is, e.g., 100 nm. The conductor film  48  of the MoN film and the Al film can be patterned by wet etching. When the conductor film  48  of the MoN film and the Al film is patterned by wet etching, it is not necessary to form the projected pattern  88  on the resin layer  40 . 
     As does the above-described Ti film, the MoN film prohibits the Al film from directly contacting the transmission electrode  32  of the ITO film  104  and resultantly prevents the electro-corrosion. For the same reason as described above, it is preferable to form the MoN film thicker than the ITO film  104 . 
     Next, a photoresist film  108  is formed on the entire surface by, e.g., spin coating. At this time, it is preferable to form the photoresist film  108  thick in an about 2.0-2.3 μm thickness. More specifically, the photoresist film  108  is formed thick so that the thickness of the photoresist film  108  above the resin layer  40  is 0.3 μm or more. 
     The photoresist film  108  is formed thick in the present embodiment for the following reason. In general, the thickness of photoresist films used in patterning is usually about 1.5-1.7 μm. However, the resin layer  40  is as thick as about 2 μm, and when the photoresist film is formed in the usual thickness on the glass substrate  10  with the resin layer  40  of such thickness, the thickness of the photoresist film  108  above the resin layer  40  is decreased, and there is a risk that the photoresist film  108  above the resin layer  40  may be partially lost when the photoresist film  108  is developed after exposure. If the photoresist film  108  above the resin layer  40  is lost, the conduction layer  48  on the resin layer  40  could not be patterned in desired configuration. 
     However, in the present embodiment, the photoresist film  108  is formed thick, and even when the photoresist film  108  is developed, the photoresist film  108  above the resin layer  40  can remain without failure. Accordingly, in the present embodiment, the conduction film  48  on the resin layer  40  can be patterned in a desired configuration, and the reflection electrode  48  can be formed. The thickness decrease of the photoresist film  108  in the development is about 0.2-0.3 μm, and the photoresist film  108  may be formed thick so that the thickness of the photoresist film  108  above the resin layer  40  can be 0.3 μm or more. 
     Next, as illustrated in  FIG. 47C , the photoresist film  108  is patterned into a prescribed configuration by photolithography. 
     Then, with the photoresist film  108  as the mask, the conduction film  48  is dry etched. The etching gas can be, e.g., chlorine-based gas. 
     When the conduction film  48  is formed of the layer film of an MoN film and an Al film laid one on the other, the conduction film  48  may be patterned by wet etching. The etchant is, e.g., a mixed acid of phosphoric acid, nitric acid and acetic acid. Thus, the reflection electrode of the conduction film  48  is formed. When the conduction film  48  is patterned by wet etching, as described above, it is not necessary to form the projected pattern  88  on the resin layer  40 . 
     Then, as illustrated in  FIG. 47D , the photoresist film  108  is released. 
     The TFT substrate  2   f  is thus formed. Then, the CF substrate  4  is provided, opposed to the TFT substrate  2   f , and the liquid crystal layer  6  is sealed between the TFT substrate  2   f  and the CF substrate  4 . 
     Thus, the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is fabricated. 
     In the present embodiment, the strip-shaped resin layer  40  is formed straight along the gate bus line  12 . However, the strip-shaped resin layer  40  may not be formed straight. 
       FIGS. 48A to 48C  are plan views of a modification of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment. 
       FIG. 48A  is plan view of the strip-shaped resin layer formed in a rectangular pattern. The strip-shaped resin layer  40  even formed in the rectangular pattern has the convexities  42   a  directed substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the strip-shaped resin layer  40 . 
       FIG. 48B  is a plan view of the strip-shaped resin layer formed in a sinuous arrangement. The strip-shaped resin layer even formed in a sinuous arrangement has the convexities  42   a  directed substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the strip-shaped resin layer  40 . 
       FIG. 48C  is a plan view of the strip-shaped resin layer formed in a serrate arrangement. The strip-shaped resin layer  40  even formed in a serrate arrangement has the convexities  42   a  directed substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the strip-shaped resin layer  40 . 
     The reflection electrode  48  is suitably arranged on the strip-shaped resin layer  40  of any of these arrangements. 
     A Tenth Embodiment 
     The liquid crystal display according to a tenth embodiment and the method for fabricating the liquid crystal display will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 49 to 52C .  FIG. 49  is a plan view of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment.  FIG. 50  is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment. The same members of the present embodiment as those of the liquid crystal display according to the first to the ninth embodiments illustrated in  FIGS. 1A to 48C  are represented by the same reference numbers not to repeat or to simplify their explanation. 
     (The Liquid Crystal Display) 
     First, the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment will be explained. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that a light shielding film is formed below a resin layer  40   a , and an insulation layer is formed in an island shape. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 50 , a light shielding film  110  of, e.g., MoN or Ti is formed on a protection film  29  with a transmission electrode  32  formed on. 
     The light shielding film  110  is formed below the resin layer  40   a  in the present embodiment for the following reason. Patterning a resist layer  40   a  to be the resin layer requires exposure and development. In the exposure, light arrives at the exposure stage supporting the substrate, and is reflected or diffracted. Then, even parts of the resist film, that should not be exposed is photosensitized. In the exposure stage, various sensors, grooves for adsorbing substrates, pin chucks for holding substrates, etc. are formed, defining various convexities. Accordingly, parts of the resist layer  40   a , which should not be exposed are disuniformly photosensitized. This disuniformly solidifies the resist layer  40   a , and the convexities  42  are disuniformly formed in the surface of the resin layer  40   a . However, in the present embodiment, because of the light shielding film  110  formed below the resin layer  40   a , the resist layer  40   a  to be the resin layer is prevented from being disuniformly photosensitized due to the convexities of the exposure stage. 
     A resin layer  40   a  having convexities formed in the surface is formed on the light shielding film  110 . The light shielding film  110  formed below the resin layer  40   a  prohibits the resin layer  40   a  from being disuniformly photosensitized. Accordingly, the convexities  42  are uniformly formed in the surface of the resin layer  40   a . The resin layer has a quadrangular plane shape, and the convexities  42  also have a quadrangular pattern. The convexities  42  are formed concentric. 
     A reflection electrode  48  is formed on the resin layer  40   a . The reflection electrode  48  is electrically connected to a transmission electrode  32  with the light shielding film  110  formed therebetween. 
     Thus, the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is fabricated. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that, as described above, the light shielding film  10   a  is formed below the resin layer  40   a.    
     In the present embodiment, the light shielding film  110  is formed below the resin layer  40   a , whereby the reflection of light by the exposure stage can be prevented, and accordingly the resin layer  40   a  is prevented from being disuniformly photosensitized in the exposure. Thus, according to the present embodiment, the convexities  42  can be formed uniformly in the surface of the resin layer  40   a , and the liquid crystal display can have good display quality. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is also characterized mainly in that the resin layer  40   a  is formed in an island shape, and the convexities  42  are formed concentric in the surface of the island-shaped resin layer  40   a . The reflection electrode  48  is formed on the insulation layer  40   a  with the convexities  42  formed concentric in the surface, and the concentric convexities  42  are formed also in the surface of the reflection electrode  48 . Accordingly, in the surface of the reflection electrode  48 , the streak of the convexities substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12  and the streaks of the convexities  42  substantially parallel with the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12  are formed in the surface of the reflection electrode  48 . The declination direction of the declined planes of the convexities  42  substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12  substantially agrees with the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12 . The direction of the declined planes of the convexities  42  substantially parallel with the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12  substantially agrees with the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the gate bus line  12 . The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment can exit light incident from the left and right of the screen of the liquid crystal display and light incident from above and below the screen of the liquid crystal display to the front surface of the screen of the liquid crystal display at high light intensities. 
     (The Method for Fabricating the Liquid Crystal Display) 
     Next, the method for fabricating the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 51A and 52C .  FIGS. 51A to 52C  are sectional views of the liquid crystal display in the steps of the method for fabricating the liquid crystal display, which illustrate the method. 
     First, the step of forming a transmission electrode  32  of ITO film including the transmission electrode  32  of ITO film forming step are the same as those of the method for fabricating the liquid crystal display illustrated in  FIGS. 44A to 46C , and their explanation will be omitted (see  FIG. 51A ). 
     Then, as illustrated in  FIG. 51B , the light shielding film  110  is formed of MoN or Ti is formed on the entire surface by, e.g., PVD. The thickness of the light shielding film is, e.g., about 100 nm. 
     Next, in the same way as in the method for fabricating the liquid crystal display described above with reference to  FIG. 46D , a positive-type resist layer  40   a  is formed. 
     Then, the positive-type resist layer  40   a  is patterned into a prescribed configuration. Thus, the island-shaped resin layer of the positive-type resist layer  40   a  is formed. The resin layer  40   a  has, e.g., a quadrangular plane shape. 
     Then, in the same way as in the method for fabricating the liquid crystal display described above with reference to  FIG. 46D , thermal processing (post-bake) is performed on the resin layer. 
     Next, phosphorus ions, for example, are implanted in the surface of the resin layer  40   a  by, e.g., ion implantation. 
     In the present embodiment, the surface of the resin layer  40   a  is solidified by implanting ions in the surface of the resin layer  40   a . However, the method for solidifying the surface of the resin layer  40   a  is not essentially the ion implantation. For example, plasma irradiation, UV irradiation, laser beam irradiation or others may be used to solidify the surface of the resin layer  40   a.    
     Then, as illustrated in  FIG. 51C , thermal processing of relative high temperature (hard cure) is performed on the resin layer  40   a . The high-temperature thermal processing may be performed in the same way as in the method for fabricating the liquid crystal display described above with reference to  FIG. 47A . Thus, the convexities  42  are formed uniformly in the surface of the resin layer  40   a . In the resin layer  40   a , which is formed in an island shape, the convexities  42  are formed concentrically. 
     Next, as illustrated in  FIG. 52A , the conduction film  48  of Al film is formed on the entire surface by, e.g., PVD. The thickness of the Al film is, e.g., 100 nm. The conduction film  48  is to be the reflection electrode. The electro-corrosion never takes place even in using the single layer of the Al film as the material of the conduction film to be the reflection electrode  48 , because the reflection electrode  48  and the transmission electrode  32  of ITO film are electrically interconnected with the light shielding film  110  formed therebetween. 
     Next, the photoresist film  108  is formed on the entire surface by, e.g., spin coating. 
     Then, the photoresist film  108  is patterned into a prescribed configuration by photolithography. 
     Then, as illustrated in  FIG. 52B , with the photoresist film  108  as the mask, the conduction films  48 ,  110  are dry etched. 
     Then, as illustrated in  FIG. 52C , the photoresist film  108  is released. 
     Thus, the TFT substrate  2   g  is formed. Then, the CF substrate  4  is provided, opposed to the TFT substrate  2   g , and the liquid crystal layer  6  is sealed between the TFT substrate  2   g  and the CF substrate  4 . 
     Thus, the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is fabricated. 
     In the present embodiment, the plane figure of the island-shaped resin layer  40   a  is quadrangular but is not limited to a quadrangular shape. For example, the plane figure of the resin layer  40   a  may be suitably hexagonal, octagonal, circular, elliptical or others. 
       FIGS. 53A to 53C  are plan views of modifications of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment. 
       FIG. 53A  illustrate the resin layer of a hexagonal plane shape. The convexities  42  are formed concentrically even in the hexagonal plane-shaped resin layer  40   a . In this case, the pattern of the convexities  42  is hexagonal. 
       FIG. 53B  illustrates the resin layer of an octagonal plane shape. The convexities  42  are formed concentrically even in the octagonal plane-shaped resin layer  40   a . In this case, the pattern of the convexities  42  is octagonal. 
       FIG. 53C  illustrates the resin layer of a circular plane shape. The convexities  42  are formed concentrically even in the circular plane-shaped resin layer  40   a . In this case, the pattern of the convexities  42  is circular. 
     An Eleventh Embodiment 
     The liquid crystal display according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention and the method for fabricating the liquid crystal display will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 54 and 55D .  FIG. 54  is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment. The same members of the present embodiment as those of the liquid crystal display according to the first to the tenth embodiments and the method for fabricating the liquid crystal display illustrated in  FIGS. 1A to 53C  are represented by the same reference numbers not to repeat or to simplify their explanation. 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is characterized mainly in that channel etched thin film transistors are formed on a TFT substrate  2   h.    
     A gate bus line  12 , a Cs bus line  14 , etc. are formed on a glass substrate  10 . 
     A gate insulation film  20  is formed on the glass substrate  10  with the gate bus line  12 , the Cs bus line  14 , etc. formed on. 
     A channel layer  22  of amorphous silicon is formed above the gate bus line  12  with the gate insulation film  20  formed therebetween. 
     A contact layer  86  of n +  type amorphous silicon is formed on the channel layer  22 . 
     A source electrode  24   a  and a drain electrode  24   b  are formed on the contact layer  86  and the gate insulation film  20 . The gate electrode  12 , the source electrode  24   a , the drain electrode  24   b , the channel layer  22 , etc. form a thin film transistor  18   b . When the contact layer  86  is patterned, a part of the channel layer  22  is etched, and such thin film transistor  18   b  is called the channel etched-type. 
     Above the Cs bus line  14 , a Cs opposed electrode  26  is formed with the gate insulation film  20  formed therebetween. 
     A protection film  29  is formed on the glass substrate  10  with the source electrode  24   a , the drain electrode  24   b , the Cs opposed electrode  26 , etc. formed on. 
     A contact hole  30   a  and a contact hole  30   b  are formed in the protection film  29  respectively down to the drain electrode  24   b  and down to the Cs opposed electrode  26 . 
     A transmission electrode  32  is formed on the protection film  29 . The drain electrode  24   b  and the Cs opposed electrode  26  are connected to the interconnection pattern  38   b  of the transmission electrode  32  through the contact holes  30   a ,  30   b.    
     A resin layer  40   a  with convexities  42  formed in the surface is formed on the transmission electrode  32  and the protection film  29 . The resin layer  40   a  may be formed in a strip-shape or an island shape. 
     A reflection electrode  48  is formed on the resin layer  40   a . The reflection electrode  48  is connected to the transmission electrode  32  in the region near the edge of the resin layer  40   a.    
     Thus, the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is constituted. 
     (The Method for Fabricating the Liquid Crystal Display) 
     The liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment will be explained with reference to  FIGS. 55A to 55D .  FIGS. 55A to 55D  are sectional views of the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment in the steps of the method for fabricating the liquid crystal display, which illustrate the method. 
     A layer film is formed on the entire surface of the glass substrate  10 . Then, the layer film is patterned into a prescribed configuration. Thus, the gate bus line  12 , the Cs bus line  14 , etc. are formed of the layer film (see  FIG. 55A ). 
     Next, as illustrated in  FIG. 55B , the gate insulation film  20  is formed on the entire surface. 
     Next, an amorphous silicon film  22  is formed on the entire surface. The amorphous silicon film  22  is to be the channel layer. The thickness of the amorphous silicon film  22  is, e.g., about 120 nm. The n +  type amorphous silicon film  22  is formed such thick so as to prevent the n +  type amorphous silicon film  22  to be the channel layer from being excessively etched to be cut off when the n +  type amorphous silicon film  84  to be a contact layer is patterned. 
     Then, an n +  type amorphous silicon film  84  is formed on the entire surface. The n +  type amorphous silicon film  84  is to be a contact layer. The thickness of the n +  type amorphous silicon film  84  is, e.g., about 30 nm. 
     Next, a photoresist film  112  is formed on the entire surface by, e.g., spin coating. 
     Then, the photoresist film  112  is patterned into a prescribed configuration by photolithography. 
     Next, with the photoresist film  112  as the mask, the n +  type amorphous silicon film  84  and the amorphous silicon film  22  are patterned by, e.g., RIE. Then, the photoresist film  112  is released. 
     Then, a 20 nm-thickness Mo film, a 75 nm-thickness Al film, a 90 nm-thickness MoN film and a 10 nm-thickness Mo film are sequentially laid one on another to form a conduction film. The conduction film is to be the source electrode  24   a , the drain electrode  24   b , the data bus line  28  and the Cs opposed electrode  26 . 
     As the conduction film to be the source electrode  24   a , etc., the layer film of Mo film, Al film, MoN film and Mo film is formed. The material of the conduction film to be the source electrode  24   a , etc., is not limited to said layer film. For example, Al alloy film may be formed, or a layer film of other low resistive metals may be formed. 
     Then, a photoresist film  114  is formed on the entire surface by, e.g., spin coating. 
     Then, the photoresist film  114  is patterned into a prescribed configuration by photolithography. 
     Next, the with the photoresist film  114  as the mask, the layer film is wet etched with, e.g., a mixed acid. Then, the n +  type amorphous silicon film  84  in the channel region is dry etched by, e.g., RIE. The etching gas is, e.g., a mixed gas of SF 6  gas, He gas and HCl gas. Thus, the source electrode  24   a , the drain electrode  24   b , the Cs opposed electrode  26 , etc., of the conduction film are formed. 
     Then, with the photoresist film  114  as the mask, the n +  type amorphous silicon film  84  is patterned by, e.g., RIE. At this time, the amorphous silicon film  22  below the n +  type amorphous silicon film  22  is also etched, and if the amorphous silicon layer  22  to be the channel layer is excessively etched, the channel layer  22  will be cut off. In etching the n +  type amorphous silicon film  84 , it is preferable to etch the n +  type amorphous silicon film  84  so that the amorphous silicon film  22  direct below the n +  type amorphous silicon film  84  remains in at least several ten nanometers-thickness. Thus, the channel-etched thin film transistor  18   b  is fabricated. Then, the photoresist film  114  is released. 
     The following steps of the method for fabricating the liquid crystal display are the same as those of the method for fabricating the liquid crystal display according to the ninth or the tenth embodiment, and their explanation will be omitted. 
     Thus, the liquid crystal display according to the present embodiment is fabricated. 
     In the same way as in the present embodiment, the channel etched thin film transistor  18   b  may be fabricated on a TFT substrate  2   h.    
     Modified Embodiments 
     The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment and can cover other various modifications. 
     For example, the TFT substrates of the above-described embodiments, and the CF substrates of the above-described embodiments may be suitably combined. 
     The method for fabricating the liquid crystal display according to the ninth and the tenth embodiments may be suitably used in fabricating the liquid crystal display according to the first to the eighth embodiments. 
     In the ninth embodiments, the resin layer is formed in a strip shape but may be formed in an island shape. 
     In the tenth embodiments, the resin layer is formed in an island shape but may be formed in a strip-shape. For example, the resin layer may be formed straight, rectangular, sinuous, serrated or in other shapes.