Patent Publication Number: US-2016245445-A1

Title: Dual-Wall Fitting for Fluid Communication

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This disclosure relates generally to a fluid transfer fitting, and more particularly, to a system and apparatus for a dual-walled fluid transfer fitting for conveying fluid from one system to another. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Fluid transfer fittings may be used to fluidly couple one or more fluid transfer conduits together. Fluid transfer fittings may also be used to adapt different sizes or shapes of fluid transfer conduits, or for other purposes, such as regulating or measuring fluid flow. A fluid transfer conduit may include a straight, curved, or angled section of pipe or tube capable of conveying a fluid. During the flow of a fluid through the fitting, leakage may occur resulting in a loss of efficiency, damage to neighboring components, contamination, or other unintended consequences. Tolerance of fluid leakage from a fluid transfer fitting may vary with the fluid pressure within the fitting and the composition of the fluid. 
     Current systems for reducing leakage in a fitting include the use of dual-wall fittings, which may define multiple passages. U.S. Pat. No. 5,186,502 describes a double-containment pipe fitting having an outer containment housing and an inner carrier housing. The carrier housing is positioned within the containment housing and securely connected to the containment housing by a plurality of restraining means. An annulus is defined between the carrier and containment housings. During operation, as fluids leak from the inner carrier housing, the annulus can facilitate the drainage of the leaked fluid. Although this conventional system may provide an approach to handle leakage, it includes multiple parts, can be expensive to replace, and can be complex to construct. 
     Thus, an improved and/or simplified fluid transfer fitting for coupling fluid transfer lines together is desired to manage leakage and to increase the effectiveness of the fitting. 
     It will be appreciated that this background description has been created by the inventors to aid the reader, and is not to be taken as an indication that any of the indicated problems were themselves appreciated in the art. While the described principles can, in some respects and embodiments, alleviate the problems inherent in other systems, it will be appreciated that the scope of the protected innovation is defined by the attached claims, and not by the ability of any disclosed feature to solve any specific problem noted herein. 
     SUMMARY 
     An aspect of the present disclosure provides a fitting assembly that includes an outer fitting member and a fitting insert. The outer fitting has an outer body which includes an outer fitting surface, a first inner surface, a second inner surface, and a third inner surface. The first inner surface defines a first channel and the second inner surface defines a second channel. The second channel aligns with the first channel in a longitudinal direction and extends from the outer fitting surface to the first channel. The first channel extends from the second channel to the outer fitting surface. The third inner surface defines a first leakage channel that extends to the outer fitting surface. The fitting insert has an upper body portion and a lower body portion. The upper body portion is slideably disposed within the first channel and the lower body portion is slideably disposed within the second channel. The upper body portion includes an outer insert surface in slideable contact with the first inner surface. The outer insert surface defines a groove, such that a second leakage channel is formed between the outer insert surface and the first inner surface within the groove. The second leakage channel extends to the outer fitting surface. The first leakage channel and the second leakage channel are in fluid communication. 
     Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a fitting system for an engine. The fitting system includes a cylinder head, an outer fitting member, and a fitting insert. The outer fitting member is coupled to the cylinder head. The outer fitting has an outer body which includes an outer fitting surface, a first inner surface, a second inner surface, and a third inner surface. The first inner surface defines a first channel and the second inner surface defines a second channel. The second channel aligns with the first channel in a longitudinal direction and extends from the outer fitting surface to the first channel. The first channel extends from the second channel to the outer fitting surface. The third inner surface defines a first leakage channel that extends to the outer fitting surface. The fitting insert has an upper body portion and a lower body portion. The upper body portion is slideably disposed within the first channel and the lower body portion is slideably disposed within the second channel. The upper body portion includes an outer insert surface in slideable contact with the first inner surface. The outer insert surface defines a groove, such that a second leakage channel is formed between the outer insert surface and the first inner surface within the groove. The second leakage channel extends to the outer fitting surface. The first leakage channel and the second leakage channel are in fluid communication. 
     Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a fitting body. The fitting body including a first outer fitting surface, a second outer fitting surface, a first inner surface, a second inner surface, and a third inner surface. The second outer fitting surface opposes the first outer fitting surface in a longitudinal direction. The first inner surface defines a first channel. The second inner surface defines a second channel that aligns with the first channel in the longitudinal direction. The second channel extends from the second outer fitting surface to the first channel, and the first channel extends from the second channel to the first outer fitting surface. The third inner surface defines a first leakage channel that extends from the second outer fitting surface to the first channel. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a schematic view of a fuel injection system, according to an aspect of this disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a cross sectional view of a fitting assembly, according to an aspect of this disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a cross sectional side view of an outer fitting member, according to an aspect of this disclosure. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a cross sectional side view of a fitting insert, according to an aspect of this disclosure. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a top view of a fitting assembly, according to an aspect of this disclosure. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a cross sectional view of a section of a dual-wall hose, according to an aspect of this disclosure. 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a cross sectional view of a fitting assembly coupled to a cylinder head, according to an aspect of this disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The disclosure relates generally to dual-walled fittings used for fluid couplings, such as a fitting for a gaseous fuel injection system. For example, in maritime operations involving dual-walled gaseous fuel passages, a dual-walled fitting may be coupled to a cylinder head on one end and be configured to couple to a gaseous fuel delivery tube on another end. The dual-walled fitting may form an outer channel and an inner channel, whereby the outer channel may be capable of receiving gaseous fuel that may leak from the inner channel. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a schematic of a gaseous fuel injection system  100 , according to one aspect of the disclosure. In this view, the fuel injection system  100  includes a gaseous supply system  102 , an air intake system  104 , and an exit exhaust system  106 . Air and fuel flow through the system  100  into a cylinder  110 . After entering the cylinder  110 , the fuel may ignite and perform work on a piston  124 . After the combustion process, the exhaust gases exit along the exit exhaust system  106 . 
     The gaseous supply system  102  may include a gaseous fuel supply  112 , a fuel pressure regulator or valve  114 , and a fuel admission valve or injector  116 . It will be appreciated that other fuel line components may be used in the gaseous supply system  102 , such as a gas rail, a safety valve, sensors, actuators, or the like. The gaseous fuel supply  112  may include a liquefied fuel tank, a cryogenic pump, or other elements known in the art to benefit the operation of a gaseous fuel supply. In an aspect of this disclosure, the fuel supply  112  may include natural gas, such as compressed natural gas or liquefied natural gas; however, other fuel types may be used. 
     The pressure regulator  114  may receive gaseous fuel from the gaseous fuel supply  112  prior to or upstream of the fuel admission valve  116 . The gaseous fuel enters the fuel admission valve  116  under pressure from the fuel supply  112  when the pressure regulator  114  is in an open position. Within the fuel admission valve  116  the fuel may be selectively controlled and timed before entering an intake manifold  118  or being directly injected into a combustion chamber defined by the engine housing  120  and the piston  124 . A fuel hose (not shown) may fluidly connect the fuel admission valve  116  and the intake manifold  118  to transport the fuel to the manifold  118 . The fuel hose may be a single-wall hose, a dual-wall hose, or other suitable hose known in the art. As used herein, the terms “pipe”, “tube”, “hose”, “conduit”, or the like refer to any apparatus used to transfer a fluid. These terms should not be understood to limit a fluid transfer device to a particular size, shape, composition, or cross-section. 
     A fitting assembly  200  (shown in  FIG. 2 ) may be coupled to the intake manifold  118  and configured to receive and couple to the fuel hose, thereby securing the fuel hose to the intake manifold  118 . The intake manifold  118  may be coupled to an engine housing  120  and configured to supply intake air as well as gaseous fuel to each cylinder  110  by way of appropriate intake valves (not shown). It will be appreciated that the fitting assembly  200  may be coupled directly to a cylinder head  111  (as shown in  FIG. 7 ). In this embodiment, the fuel and air may mix within inlet passages prior to entering the cylinder  110 . 
     Referring still to  FIG. 1 , the air intake system  104  includes an air inlet  122  for supplying air to the intake manifold  118 . Various components known in the art may form part of the air intake line  104  including a compressor, an aftercooler, filters, or the like. In other embodiments, the air intake line  104  may include one or more valves for various purposes including for controlling the intake pressure into the fuel injection system  100 . The intake air is combined with the fuel within the intake manifold  118  and provided to the engine cylinder  110  for combustion. 
     After the air and gaseous fuel mixture flow through their corresponding supply systems, they enter the cylinder  110 . The cylinder  110  is located within the engine housing  120  along with a piston  124 . The piston  124  is movable within cylinder  110  between a top dead center position and a bottom dead center position in a conventional manner to induce rotation of a crankshaft  126 . It will be appreciated that there may be additional cylinders which are not shown in  FIG. 1 , commonly six, eight, twelve or more cylinders, each having a piston reciprocable therein to contribute to the rotation of the crankshaft  126 . During a combustion process, a high cetane number fuel, such as diesel fuel, may be injected into the the mixture of air and gaseous fuel within the cylinder  110  and auto ignite in response to the pressure and temperature within the cylinder  110 . In turn, ignition of the high cetane fuel may ignite the gaseous fuel, which may have a relatively lower cetane value, thereby driving the piston  124  and inducing rotation of the crankshaft  126 . 
     After the combustion process, the exhaust created during combustion flows out of the cylinder  110 , along the exhaust line  106  from an exhaust manifold  128  to an exhaust outlet  130 . 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a cross sectional view of a fitting assembly  200 , according to an aspect of this disclosure. The fitting assembly  200  may include an outer fitting member  300  and a fitting insert  400  positioned within the outer fitting member  300 . The fitting assembly  200  may have an upper portion  202  and a lower portion  204  positioned below the upper portion  202  in a longitudinal direction  217  that extends parallel to a central longitudinal axis  215 . The fitting insert  400  may be positioned within the outer fitting member  300  along the central axis  215 , such that the fitting insert  400  and the outer fitting member  300  are coaxial. The terms “above” and “below,” as used herein, describe the positions of certain components relative to one another and are thus approximations. The terms “above”, “upper”, or “uppermost” mean a position that is closer to the upper portion  202  in the longitudinal direction  217 , and the terms “below”, “bottom”, or “bottommost” mean a position closer to the lower portion  204  of the fitting assembly  200  in the longitudinal direction  217 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , the outer fitting member  300  may include an outer body  306  having an upper body portion  302 , a lower body portion  304 , and an outer body surface  308  extending about the outer body  306 . The outer body  306  may be constructed using a material that has a resistance to deformation and that is commonly used in the art, such as cast iron. The upper body portion  302  of the outer body  306  may include an upper inner surface  310  that defines an upper body channel  312 . The upper inner surface  310  may extend circumferentially about the central axis  215  and extend longitudinally along the central axis  215 . 
     The upper body channel  312  may include a first upper channel opening  314  at an uppermost end of the channel  312  and a second upper channel opening  316  at a bottommost end of the channel  312 . The first upper channel opening  314  may open to the outer body surface  308 . The second upper channel opening  316  may open to a lower body channel  318 . 
     In an aspect of this disclosure, the upper inner surface  310  may be parallel to the central axis  215 , whereby the first upper channel opening  314  has a substantially similar diameter to the second upper channel opening  316 . In an alternate aspect, the upper inner surface  310  may extend outwardly from the bottommost end of the channel  312  to the uppermost end of the channel  312 , forming a conical shape about the central axis  215 . In this aspect, the first upper channel opening  314  may have a larger diameter than the second upper channel opening  316 . Unless specified otherwise, use of the word “substantially” herein is intended to mean considerable in extent or largely but not necessarily wholly that which is specified. 
     The upper body portion  302  of the outer body  306  may also include a first outer body radial groove  320 . The first outer body radial groove  320  may extend circumferentially about the central axis  215  along the uppermost portion of the outer body surface  308 . It will be appreciated that a “groove” as used herein may include a variety of shapes, for example, semi-circular, rectangular, triangular, or the like. 
     The lower body portion  304  of the outer body  306  may include a lower inner surface  322  that defines the lower body channel  318 . The lower inner surface  322  may extend circumferentially about the central axis  215  and extend longitudinally along the central axis  215 . The lower body channel  318  may include a first lower channel opening  324  at an uppermost end of the lower body channel  318  and a second lower channel opening  326  at a bottommost end of the lower body channel  318 . The first lower channel opening  324  may open to the upper body channel  312 , such that the lower body channel  318  is in fluid communication with the upper body channel  312 . The second lower channel opening  326  may open to the outer body surface  308 . 
     In an aspect of this disclosure, the lower body channel  318  may align with the upper body channel  312  along the central longitudinal axis  215 . The alignment of the lower body channel  318  and the upper body channel  312  may form an outer fitting shoulder  346 . The outer fitting shoulder  346  may extend circumferentially about the central axis  215 . In an aspect of this disclosure, a diameter of the lower body channel  318  may be less than a diameter of the upper body channel  312 , thereby forming the outer fitting shoulder  346 . 
     The lower body portion  304  of the outer body  306  may also include a second outer body radial groove  330 , a third outer body radial groove  332 , and a first leakage channel  334 . The first and second outer body radial grooves  330 ,  332  may extend circumferentially about the central axis  215  along the bottommost portion of the outer body surface  308 . The second outer body radial groove  330  and the third outer body radial groove  332  may be spaced radially with respect to one another in a direction  317  that is perpendicular to the central axis  215 . 
     The first leakage channel  334  may be defined by an inner leakage surface  336  that extends from the bottommost end of the lower body portion  304  to an uppermost end of the lower body portion  304  along a channel axis  340 . The inner leakage surface  336  may extend circumferentially about the channel axis  340  and define a first leakage channel opening  338  and an opposing second leakage channel opening  342 . The first leakage channel opening  338  may open to the outer body surface  308  and positioned in between the second outer body radial groove  330  and the third outer body radial groove  332  in the radial direction  317  that is perpendicular to the central axis  215 . The second leakage channel opening  342  may open to the bottommost end of the upper body channel  312 ; however, it will be appreciated that the second leakage channel opening  342  may open at various locations along the upper body channel  312 . 
     It will be appreciated that multiple first leakage channels  334  may be included in the lower body portion  304  of the body  306 . Each first leakage channel  334  may extend from the outer body surface  308  to the upper body channel  312 , such that the first channel upper opening  314  is in fluid communication with the first leakage channel opening  338 . 
     The channel axis  340  may be angularly offset from the central longitudinal axis  215 . This may be for a variety of reasons, for example, to allow for various size first and second outer body radial grooves  330 ,  332 , to allow for a thicker lower body portion  304 , improved manufacturability, or for other reasons. In alternative embodiments, the channel axis  340  may be aligned parallel to the central longitudinal axis  215 . 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a cross sectional side view of the fitting insert  400 . The fitting insert  400  may include an insert body  406  having an upper insert portion  402 , a lower insert portion  404 , and an inner insert surface  408  that defines an inner flow channel  410 . The insert body  406  may be constructed using a material that has a high strength, such as stainless steel, aluminum, titanium, or the like. The inner insert surface  408  may extend circumferentially about the central axis  215  and extend in the longitudinal direction  217 . The inner insert surface  408  may extend through the insert body  406  and define a first insert opening  412  at the bottommost end of the lower insert portion  404  and a second insert opening  414  at the uppermost end of the upper insert portion  402 . The first insert opening  412  may open to a lower insert surface  426  and the second insert opening  414  may open to an upper insert surface  418 . 
     The upper insert portion  402  defines a portion of the inner flow channel  410  and further includes an upper outer insert surface  416  and the upper insert surface  418 . The outer insert surface  416  extends from a bottommost end of the upper insert portion  402  to the upper insert surface  418  in the longitudinal direction  217 . In an alternative aspect, the outer insert surface  416  may extend outwardly from the bottommost end of the upper insert portion  402  to the uppermost end of the upper insert portion  402 , forming a conical shape about the central axis  215 . In this aspect, the diameter of inner flow channel  410  may remain substantially the same, while the diameter of the uppermost end of the upper insert portion  402  may be larger than the diameter of the bottommost end of the upper insert portion  402 . 
     The outer insert surface  416  may define an axial groove  420 . The axial groove  420  may extend at least partially in the longitudinal direction  217  from the bottommost end of the upper insert portion  402  to the uppermost end of the upper insert portion  402 . It will be appreciated that multiple axial grooves may be defined on the outer insert surface  416 . Each axial groove  420  may be evenly spaced about the outer insert surface  416 . 
     The upper insert surface  418  may define an insert radial groove  422 . The insert radial groove  422  may extend circumferentially about the central axis  215 . It will be appreciated that multiple radial grooves may be defined on the upper insert surface  418 . 
     The lower insert portion  404  defines a portion of the inner flow channel  410  and further includes a lower outer insert surface  424  and the lower insert surface  426 . The lower outer insert surface  424  extends from the lower insert surface  426  to an uppermost end of the lower insert portion  404 . The lower outer insert surface  424  may define multiple lower radial grooves  428  that extend circumferentially about central axis  215 . 
     In an aspect of this disclosure, the fitting insert  400  may define an insert shoulder  430 . The insert shoulder  430  may be located at the intersection of the upper insert portion  402  and the lower insert portion  404 . The insert shoulder  430  may be formed by the upper insert portion  402  having a larger diameter than the diameter of the lower insert portion  404 . The insert shoulder  430  may be configured to align with the outer fitting shoulder  346  of the outer fitting member  300  when the fitting insert  400  is positioned within the outer fitting member  400 . 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a top view of the fitting assembly  200  with the fitting insert  400  positioned within the outer fitting member  300 . The axial groove  420  formed by the outer insert surface  416  of the fitting insert  400  and the upper inner surface  310  of the fitting member  300  form a second leakage channel  502 . The second leakage channel  502  may extend from the bottommost portion of the upper portion  202  of the fitting assembly  200  to the uppermost portion of the upper portion  202 . The second leakage channel  502  may be in fluid communication with the first leakage channel  334 , thereby forming a channel that extends through the fitting assembly  200 . It will be appreciated that multiple second leakage channels  502  may be formed by multiple axial grooves  420  formed by the outer insert surface  416 . 
     In an aspect of this disclosure, a total cross sectional area of the first leakage channel  334  may be substantially the same as a total cross sectional area of the second leakage channel  502 . If there are multiple first leakage channels  334  and/or second leakage channels  502 , the total cross sectional area of all the multiple first leakage channels  334  may be substantially the same as the total cross sectional area of all the multiple second leakage channels  502 . Therefore, if there are fewer second leakage channels  502 , the diameter of each second leakage channel  502  may be larger than the diameter of each individual first leakage channel  334 . The sizing of each leakage channel  334 ,  502  may be determined based on fluid pressure, fluid density, diameter of the inner flow channel  410 , or other similar factors that may affect a flow rate of a fluid through each leakage channel  334 ,  502 . 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a cross sectional view of a section of a dual-wall hose  600 . The dual-wall hose  600  may include an inner hose channel  602 , a radial hose channel  604 , and an outer hose channel  606 . The radial hose channel  604  may be in fluid communication with the outer hose channel  606 . In an aspect of this disclosure, the dual-wall hose  600  may be configured to couple to an uppermost portion of the upper portion  202  of the fitting assembly  200  (as shown in  FIG. 7 ). When the dual-wall hose  600  is coupled to the fitting assembly  200 , the radial hose channel  604  may be in fluid communication with the second leakage channel  502  and the inner hose channel  602  may be in fluid communication with the inner flow channel  410 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 7 , the dual-wall hose  600  may be attached to the fitting assembly  200  using a seal nut  702 , or other means commonly used for connecting dual-wall hoses. A first inner o-ring  704  and a first outer o-ring  706  may be positioned between the dual-wall hose  600  and the fitting assembly  200  within the insert radial groove  422  and the first outer body radial groove  320 , respectively. The first inner o-ring  704  may minimize fluid leakage from the inner flow channel  410  and/or the inner hose channel  602  to the second leakage channel  502  and/or the radial hose channel  604 . The first outer o-ring  706  may minimize fluid leakage from the second leakage channel  502  and/or the radial hose channel  604  to the environment. 
     Continuing with  FIG. 7 , the fitting assembly  200  is shown coupled to the cylinder head  111 . The fitting assembly  200  may be coupled by using bolts, welding, adhesives, or other coupling means known in the art. A second inner o-ring  708  and a second outer o-ring  710  may be positioned between the cylinder head  111  and the fitting assembly  200  within the first outer body radial groove  330  and the second outer body radial groove  332 , respectively. The second inner o-ring  708  may minimize fluid leakage from the inner flow channel  410  to the first leakage channel  334  and the second outer o-ring  710  may minimize fluid leakage from the first leakage channel  334  to the environment. 
     In an aspect of this disclosure, the fitting assembly  200  may be substantially perpendicular or angularly offset at an angle of less than 90 degrees with respect to the surface  712  of the cylinder head  111 . An angle Φ at which the central axis  215  is offset from the surface  712  may depend on the complexity, location, or size of the coupling between the fitting assembly  200  and the cylinder head  111 , or for other reasons. 
     The fitting insert  400  may be constructed such that it may be slideably placed within and be in sliding contact with the outer fitting member  300 . In an aspect of this disclosure, the fitting insert  400  may be lightly pressed into place. A length and diameter of the upper insert portion  402  may be substantially similar to a length and diameter of the upper body portion  302  of the outer fitting member  300 , such that at least a portion of the upper outer insert surface  416  may be in contact with the upper inner surface  310 . The contact between the upper outer insert surface  416  and the outer fitting member  300  may form the second leakage channel  502 . Similarly, a length and diameter of the lower insert portion  404  may be substantially similar to a length and diameter of the lower body portion  304  of the outer fitting member  300 . 
     The contact between the lower outer insert surface  424  surface and the lower inner surface  322  minimizes fluid leakage between the fitting insert  400  and the outer fitting member  300 . Additionally, fitting insert o-rings  714  and  716  may be placed in the multiple lower radial grooves  428  to further minimize leakage between the fitting insert  400  and the outer fitting member  300 . The fitting insert o-rings  714 ,  716  may also help secure the fitting insert  400  within the outer fitting member  300 , such that motion between the fitting insert  400  and the outer fitting member  300  is minimized during operation. 
     A sensor or detection means  720  may be located along the first leakage channel  334 , the second leakage channels  502 , the radial hose channel  604  and/or the outer hose channel  606 . The sensor may include a fluid sensor, pressure sensor, methane detector, or the like, capable of determining whether a fluid is present. For instance, a pressure sensor located along the second leakage channels  502  may detect a pressure change within channel, which may indicate the presence of a fluid. 
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
     The present disclosure provides an advantageous apparatus and system for a dual-walled fitting  200 . The dual-walled fitting  200  may be used for a variety of applications, including fluidly coupling a fuel conduit within an engine system. For example, in marine applications using gaseous fuel, such as natural gas, a dual-walled construction may be required for providing fuel to a cylinder. During operation, fuel may leak from a flow channel to the environment undetected. The first and second leakage channels  334 ,  502  may collect and prevent further leakage by permitting early detection of a fuel leak. 
     The dual-walled fitting  200  may be coupled directly to the cylinder head  111  or the intake manifold  118  of an engine. As fuel flows through the inner flow channel  410  and leaks into the leakage channels  334 ,  502 , the sensor  720  may detect and indicate a fuel leak. The indication may be used to modify the operating conditions of the engine or to shut-down operations to assess the extent of the leak. 
     The dual-walled fitting  200  may include a minimal number of components, thereby simplifying the manufacturing process and promoting high volume manufacturing of the fitting  200 . Additionally, the fitting  200  may be easily constructed. For example, the fitting insert  400  may be machined such that it may be lightly pressed into position within the outer fitting member  300 . 
     The angle Φ at which the fitting  200  is offset from the cylinder head  111  or intake manifold  118  may be determined based on the location and/or surface to which the fitting  200  is to be coupled. This may allow for the fitting to be attached to various systems in addition to engine systems. 
     It will be appreciated that the foregoing description provides examples of the disclosed system and method. However, it is contemplated that other implementations of the disclosure may differ in detail from the foregoing examples. All references to the disclosure or examples thereof are intended to reference the particular example being discussed at that point and are not intended to imply any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure more generally. All language of distinction and disparagement with respect to certain features is intended to indicate a lack of preference for those features, but not to exclude such from the scope of the disclosure entirely unless otherwise indicated.