Patent Publication Number: US-9432437-B1

Title: Dynamic telemetry client message routing

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     None. 
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     Not applicable. 
     REFERENCE TO A MICROFICHE APPENDIX 
     Not applicable. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Message queues may provide asynchronous communications between software applications, meaning the sender and receiver of a message may or may not interact with the message queue at the same time. A message placed onto the queue is stored until the recipient retrieves it. Message queues have implicit or explicit limits on the size of data that may be transmitted in a single message and the number of messages that may remain outstanding on the queue. Many Implementations of message queues function internally: within an operating system or an application. 
     SUMMARY 
     In an embodiment, a dynamic telemetry client message routing system is disclosed. The system comprises at least one computer system, each computer system comprising at least one memory and one processor. The system also comprises a provision service application stored in a memory of the at least one computer system that, when executed by a processor of the at least one computer system, receives a request from a telemetry client to register for message routing services; the request comprising a client identity of the telemetry client which in response to receiving the request to register for message routing services creates an entry in a data store associating the client identity with a broker group identity and a queue manager alias and comprising a time to live value. In response to the creation of the data entry, the provisioning application sends a request to a route builder application to configure the queue manager alias into a broker group identified in the entry in the data store. The route builder application stored in a memory of the at least one computer system that, when executed by a processor of the at least one computer system, receives a request from the provisioning service application to configure the queue manager alias into the identified broker group, sends a message to the identified broker group to configure the queue manager alias into the identified broker group, and removes entries form the data store that comprise an expired time to live. In response to the configuration of the queue manager alias, the message broker stored in a memory of the at least one computer system that, when executed by a processor of the at least one computer system receives a request to send a message to the telemetry client, wherein the request to send the message comprises the client identity of the telemetry, and transmits the message and the queue manager alias to the broker group accessed from the data store. 
     In an embodiment, a method of provisioning a dynamic telemetry client message routing system is disclosed. The method comprises a system receiving a first request to register for message routing services from a first telemetry client, wherein the request to register for message routing services comprises a first client identity of the first telemetry client. In response to receiving the first request to register for message routing services automatically creating a first entry in a data store comprising the first client identity of the first telemetry client, a broker group identity, a first queue manager alias associated with the first telemetry client, and a first time to live, wherein the first time to live is a value determined by a subscription of the first telemetry client for message routing services; sending an address of a broker group identified by the broker group identity to the first telemetry client, and provisioning the first queue manager alias into the broker group. 
     In an embodiment a method of transmitting a control command to a mobile communication device is disclosed. The method comprises the broker group receiving a subscription request from a mobile communication device comprising a client identity. The method further comprises a message broker receiving a message that comprises the first client identity. The method further comprises the message broker accessing an entry in a data store based on the client identity, wherein the entry comprises a time to live value, a broker group identity, and queue manager alias. The method further comprises the message broker sending the message and the queue manager alias to the broker group. In response to receiving the message and the queue manager alias, the broker group validates the queue manager alias, determines that the mobile communication device is subscribed to receive the message, and sends the message to the mobile communication device. 
     These and other features will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure, reference is now made to the following brief description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and detailed description, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts. 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  is a message sequence diagram of a method according to an embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  is a message sequence diagram of a method according to an embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 4  is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 5  is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 6  is an illustration of a mobile communication device according to an embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 7  is a block diagram of a mobile communication device according to an embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIGS. 8A and 8B  are block diagrams of software architecture for a mobile communication device according to an embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates an exemplary computer system suitable for implementing the several embodiments of the disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     It should be understood at the outset that although illustrative implementations of one or more embodiments are illustrated below, the disclosed systems and methods may be implemented using any number of techniques, whether currently known or not yet in existence. The disclosure should in no way be limited to the illustrative implementations, drawings, and techniques illustrated below, but may be modified within the scope of the appended claims along with their full scope of equivalents. 
     The present disclosure provides a system and methods for a dynamic telemetry message routing system. The system comprises clients that send messages about a topic to a message broker as well as other clients that register to receive messages associated with one or more topics. With a queue manager alias and time to live value assigned to each client, the dynamic telemetry message routing system can ensure that each client trying to complete a function is a reputable client; each client that does not have a queue manager alias may be brought in to question and may be blocked to ensure proper security of the dynamic telemetry message routing system. To avoid being blocked, a client simply subscribes to a topic, for example, a vehicle door unlock command, goes through a provisioning sequence and then uses the benefits for a full time to live period. If a fraudulent client manages to complete the provisioning process, they are forced out after the time to live period assigned to the queue manager alias of the client. 
     The disclosure describes a provisioning sequence and an application function sequence of the dynamic telemetry message routing system. During the provisioning sequence, the client sends a message to a provisioning application at a well-known internet protocol address. The provisioning application then creates an entry in a cross reference data store and also transmits the client identity to a message broker. The message broker establishes a time to live value and writes the time to live value to the entry in the data store. The provisioning application then sends a route activation message to a route builder application to activate the route between the client and a broker group. The route builder application also creates a queue manager alias to set authority for clients by referring to the cross reference data store and viewing the entry that corresponds with the client identity and time to live value of the queue manager alias. The route builder stores the configuration of the queue manager alias into an appropriate broker group that is associated with the client identity. Then the provisioning application sends a message to the client which contains the new queue manager alias/broker configuration of the broker group which the client will use as a way to access content. The client stores this information into its persistent memory, completing the provisioning sequence. 
     The application function sequence comprises an enterprise application establishing a connection with the message broker. The message broker then awaits incoming messages from clients. A client publishes an application message on a specific topic to a broker group. The application message&#39;s topic header contains the location of the enterprise application which will perform the requested task in the message. The broker group then sends the application message to the message broker. The message broker sends the application message to the enterprise application which performs the requested function identified by the application message. In some embodiments, this may be the end of the application function sequence. In an embodiment, the enterprise application formulates a reply message containing the client identity which the enterprise application sends to the message broker. The message broker receives the reply message and pulls the client identity from the header of the message. The message broker reads the client identity from the header of the reply message and refers to a cross reference data store so it may direct the reply message to proper broker group using a queue manager alias. The message broker then sends the message to the broker group of the second client. A component of the system known as an object authority manager uses the security settings of the queue manager alias to authorize resolution to the broker group. With resolution granted, the broker group sends the reply message to the client via a well-known internet protocol address. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 1 , a communication system  100  is described. In an embodiment, the system  100  is based on messaging middleware software. In an embodiment, the messaging middleware software may be implemented using message queue software and message queue telemetry transport software from IBM. The system  100  comprises a plurality of wireless devices  101 , and a plurality of respective clients  102 . The plurality of wireless devices  101  may comprise mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDA), media players, in vehicle head units, in vehicle telematics units, or other communication enabled portable electronic devices. In an embodiment, the wireless devices  101  may be implemented as handsets. Details of handsets are discussed in more detail hereinafter. The system  100  may further comprise a network  104 . In an embodiment, it is well known that in order for the plurality of wireless devices  101  to couple with the network  104 , the wireless devices  101  may use a plurality of base transceiver stations (BTS) associated with the network  104 . In an embodiment, base transceiver stations (BTS) may provide a wireless communication link to the plurality of wireless devices  101  according to one or more of a code division multiple access (CDMA) wireless protocol, a global system for mobile communications (GSM) wireless protocol, a long term evolution (LTE) wireless protocol, a worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) wireless protocol, or another wireless protocol. 
     The system  100  may further comprise a broker group  106  that is coupled to the network  104 . The broker group  106  may further comprise a broker  108 , a message queue manager  110 , a plurality of queue manager aliases  112 , a transmit queue (XMIT queue)  114 , and a channel agent  116 . The system  100  further comprises a provisioning services application  118 , a cross reference data store (XREF data store)  120 , a route builder application  122 , a plurality of enterprise applications  124 , and a message broker  126 . In an embodiment, the plurality of enterprise applications  124  may be used to accomplish any number of processes or functions. In an embodiment, the broker group  106  and its respective components, the provisioning service application  118 , the cross reference data store  120 , the route builder application  122 , the plurality of enterprise applications  124 , and the message broker  126  may function on any number of computers, whether there is one computer or a plurality of computers. In an embodiment, the plurality of wireless devices  101  may not initially have the capability for dynamic telemetry client message routing. If the wireless device  101  and/or the client  102  does not have the capability to engage in dynamic telemetry client message routing, the wireless device  101  and/or client  102  may engage in a provisioning sequence. 
     In  FIG. 2 , a message sequence diagram of a provisioning sequence  302  is shown. In an embodiment, the provision sequence  302  provisions the client  304  to communicate with a broker group using the dynamic telemetry client message routing process. 
     In an embodiment, at block  316 , the client  304  sends a provisioning message to the provisioning application  306  at a well-known internet protocol address. The client  304  may do this to provision itself to receive and send dynamic telemetry client messages. At block  318  the provisioning application  306  creates data to be entered in a cross reference data store (XREF data store)  308 . In an embodiment, the cross reference data store  308  may hold information including a client identity of the client  304 , a time to live value, and the information of the location of the broker group  314 . In an embodiment, the client identity is a code that is associated with the client. In an embodiment, access to the cross reference data store  308  may be restricted to the message broker  310  and the provisioning application  306 . At block  319 , the cross reference data store  308  transmits the message from the provisioning application  306  to the message broker  310  to configure a time to live value. In an embodiment, the time to live value is parallel to a subscription period that the client has to utilize the functionality of the dynamic telemetry client message routing system. In an embodiment, the time to live value may be a period of time that includes a month, three months, six months, a year, or two years. At block  320 , the message broker  310  creates a time to live value. At block  321 , the message broker  310  transmits the time to live value in a provisioning message back to the provisioning application  306 . At block  322 , the provisioning application  306  enters the data into the cross reference data store  308 . At block  323 , the provisioning application sends a message to the route builder  312  for route activation. At block  324 , the route builder  312  refers to the cross reference data store  308  to create a queue manager alias. In an embodiment, the queue manager alias is created using the client identity of the client  304 . In an embodiment, the queue manager alias is the feature that allows for the dynamic telemetry message routing to occur. In an embodiment, the mapping of the client identity to the queue manager alias is via the cross reference data store  308  which helps to secure the dynamic telemetry message routing system. 
     At block  325 , the route builder  312  creates the queue manager alias using the client identity found in the cross reference data store  308 . At block  327 , the route builder  312  sends a message that contains the queue manager alias to the broker group  314 . The broker group  314  then stores the queue manager alias configuration. In an embodiment, the address of the broker group  314  is that of an internet protocol address and port number of the broker group  314 . At block  328 , the broker group  314  sends a provisioning message to the provisioning application  306  that confirms that the broker group  314  has stored the queue manager alias. At block  329 , the provisioning application  306  sends a provisioning message which contains the new queue manager alias configuration to the client  304 . The client  304  stores the information from the provisioning message into its persistent memory, ending the provisioning sequence  302 . 
     In  FIG. 3 , a message sequence diagram of an application sequence  330  is shown. In an embodiment, the application sequence  330  propagates a door unlock command, wherein the telemetry client, client B  334 , is installed in a telematics unit of a vehicle, and wherein when the telemetry client, client B  334 , receives the message it commands the telematics unit to unlock the doors of a vehicle. In an embodiment, the broker groups  336 / 342  may comprise brokers, message queue managers, queue manager aliases, transmit queues, and channel agents. In an embodiment, the application sequence  330  may occur when clients  332 / 334  are provisioned with the capability for dynamic telemetry client message routing. 
     In an embodiment, the enterprise application  340  may have an established connection with the message broker  338 . The message broker  338  awaits messages from broker groups. In an embodiment, at block  346 , the client A  332  sends an application message to the first broker group  336  on a specific topic to the queue manager/broker within the first broker group  336 . In an embodiment, the application message indicated at block  346  comprises the client identity of client A  332  and a topic identity, wherein the enterprise application  340  is subscribed to receive messages about the topic identity. In an embodiment, the topic is associated with the enterprise application  340 . In an embodiment, the final destination of the application sequence is client B  334 . At block  348 , the first broker group  336  relays the application message to the message broker  338 . At block  350 , the message broker  338  transmits the application message to the enterprise application  340 . At block  351 , the enterprise application  340  performs the requested function. In an embodiment, this might be the end of the application sequence  330  depending on the task the enterprise application  340  is attempting to accomplish. In an embodiment, a task may include unlocking a car door, remote startup of a car, etc. At block  351 , the enterprise application  340  also creates a reply message. At block  352 , the enterprise application  340  sends the reply message to the message broker  338 . In an embodiment, the reply message may contain the client identity of the second client B  334 . At block  354  the message broker  338  pulls the client identity from the reply message and gathers data from the cross reference data store  344 . 
     The message broker  338  also validates that the client identity contained in the reply message is the correct client identity of the Client B  334 . At block  356 , the cross reference data store  344  transmits the information back to the message broker  338  in the form of a reply message. At block  358 , the message broker  338  sends a message for information validation to the second broker group  342 . The message broker  338  sends the message which is addressed to queue manager alias of the second broker group  342 . In an embodiment, the second broker group  342  receives the message  358  and the queue manager alias from the message broker  338 , verifies that the queue manager alias is configured in the identified second broker group  342 , and verifies that the enterprise application  340  is authorized to send the message indicated by block  352 . The second broker group  342  receives the message via the message queue manager which is associated with the broker associated with the queue manager alias which is associated with the client identity of client B  344 , found in the cross reference data store  334 . 
     Once the message indicated at block  358  reaches the message queue manager, an object authority manager uses the queue manager alias&#39;s security settings to authorize resolution to the transmit queue. In an embodiment, the object authority manager is a component that goes through a separate process which handles authority checking for any connection or write requests to message queue objects. In an embodiment, the transmit queue is the component within the second broker group  342  that shows where the final destination of the application sequence  330  is located. The transmit queue creates a transmit header which shows the client identity for the client B  334  and a topic of a new message. At block  360 , the channel agent of the second broker group  342  reads the message from the transmit queue and sends a new message to the connected client B  334  via a well-known internet protocol address. 
     In  FIG. 4 , a method  200  is described. At block  202 , a provisioning system receives a first request to register for a message routing service from a first telemetry client, wherein the request to register for message routing services comprises a first client identity of the first telemetry client. At block  204 , a first entry is automatically created in a data store comprising the first client identity of the first telemetry client, a broker group identity, a first queue manager alias associated with the first telemetry client, and a first time to live, wherein the first time to live is a value determined by subscription of the first telemetry client for message routing services. At block  206 , an address of a broker group identified by the broker group identity to the first telemetry client is sent. At block  208 , the first queue manager alias is provisioned into the broker group. 
     In  FIG. 5 , a method  210  is described. At block  212 , an application function receives by a broker group a subscription request from a mobile communication device comprising a client identity. At block  214 , a message broker receives a message that comprises the client identity. At block  216 , an entry in a data store is accessed by the message broker based on the client identity, wherein the entry comprises a time to live value, a broker group identity, and a queue manager alias. At block  218 , a message is sent by the message broker containing the queue manager alias to the broker group. At block  220 , the message is received by the broker group; the broker group validates the queue manager alias; the broker group determines that the mobile communication device is subscribed to receive the message; the broker group sends the message to the mobile communication device after the checks are completed. 
       FIG. 6  depicts a mobile device  400 , which is operable for implementing aspects of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure should not be limited to these implementations. Though illustrated as a mobile phone, the mobile device  400  may take various forms including a wireless handset, a pager, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a gaming device, or a media player. The mobile device  400  includes a display  402  and a touch-sensitive surface and/or keys  404  for input by a user. The mobile device  400  may present options for the user to select, controls for the user to actuate, and/or cursors or other indicators for the user to direct. The mobile device  400  may further accept data entry from the user, including numbers to dial or various parameter values for configuring the operation of the handset. The mobile device  400  may further execute one or more software or firmware applications in response to user commands. These applications may configure the mobile device  400  to perform various customized functions in response to user interaction. Additionally, the mobile device  400  may be programmed and/or configured over-the-air, for example from a wireless base station, a wireless access point, or a peer mobile device  400 . The mobile device  400  may execute a web browser application which enables the display  402  to show a web page. The web page may be obtained via wireless communications with a base transceiver station, a wireless network access node, a peer mobile device  400  or any other wireless communication network or system. 
       FIG. 7  shows a block diagram of the mobile device  400 . While a variety of known components of handsets are depicted, in an embodiment a subset of the listed components and/or additional components not listed may be included in the mobile device  400 . The mobile device  400  includes a digital signal processor (DSP)  502  and a memory  504 . As shown, the mobile device  400  may further include an antenna and front end unit  506 , a radio frequency (RF) transceiver  508 , a baseband processing unit  510 , a microphone  512 , an earpiece speaker  514 , a headset port  516 , an input/output interface  518 , a removable memory card  520 , a universal serial bus (USB) port  522 , an infrared port  524 , a vibrator  526 , a keypad  528 , a touch screen liquid crystal display (LCD) with a touch sensitive surface  530 , a touch screen/LCD controller  532 , a camera  534 , a camera controller  536 , and a global positioning system (GPS) receiver  538 . In an embodiment, the mobile device  400  may include another kind of display that does not provide a touch sensitive screen. In an embodiment, the DSP  502  may communicate directly with the memory  504  without passing through the input/output interface  518 . Additionally, in an embodiment, the mobile device  400  may comprise other peripheral devices that provide other functionality. 
     The DSP  502  or some other form of controller or central processing unit operates to control the various components of the mobile device  400  in accordance with embedded software or firmware stored in memory  504  or stored in memory contained within the DSP  502  itself. In addition to the embedded software or firmware, the DSP  502  may execute other applications stored in the memory  504  or made available via information carrier media such as portable data storage media like the removable memory card  520  or via wired or wireless network communications. The application software may comprise a compiled set of machine-readable instructions that configure the DSP  502  to provide the desired functionality, or the application software may be high-level software instructions to be processed by an interpreter or compiler to indirectly configure the DSP  502 . 
     The DSP  502  may communicate with a wireless network via the analog baseband processing unit  510 . In some embodiments, the communication may provide Internet connectivity, enabling a user to gain access to content on the Internet and to send and receive e-mail or text messages. The input/output interface  518  interconnects the DSP  502  and various memories and interfaces. The memory  504  and the removable memory card  520  may provide software and data to configure the operation of the DSP  502 . Among the interfaces may be the USB port  522  and the infrared port  524 . The USB port  522  may enable the mobile device  400  to function as a peripheral device to exchange information with a personal computer or other computer system. The infrared port  524  and other optional ports such as a Bluetooth® interface or an IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless interface may enable the mobile device  400  to communicate wirelessly with other nearby handsets and/or wireless base stations. 
     The keypad  528  couples to the DSP  502  via the interface  518  to provide one mechanism for the user to make selections, enter information, and otherwise provide input to the mobile device  400 . Another input mechanism may be the touch screen LCD  530 , which may also display text and/or graphics to the user. The touch screen LCD controller  532  couples the DSP  502  to the touch screen LCD  530 . The GPS receiver  538  is coupled to the DSP  502  to decode global positioning system signals, thereby enabling the mobile device  400  to determine its position. 
       FIG. 8A  illustrates a software environment  602  that may be implemented by the DSP  502 . The DSP  502  executes operating system software  604  that provides a platform from which the rest of the software operates. The operating system software  604  may provide a variety of drivers for the handset hardware with standardized interfaces that are accessible to application software. The operating system software  604  may be coupled to and interact with application management services (AMS)  606  that transfer control between applications running on the mobile device  400 . Also shown in  FIG. 8A  are a web browser application  608 , a media player application  610 , and JAVA applets  612 . The web browser application  608  may be executed by the mobile device  400  to browse content and/or the Internet, for example when the mobile device  400  is coupled to a network via a wireless link. The web browser application  608  may permit a user to enter information into forms and select links to retrieve and view web pages. The media player application  610  may be executed by the mobile device  400  to play audio or audiovisual media. The JAVA applets  612  may be executed by the mobile device  400  to provide a variety of functionality including games, utilities, and other functionality. 
       FIG. 8B  illustrates an alternative software environment  620  that may be implemented by the DSP  502 . The DSP  502  executes operating system software  628  (for example an operating system kernel) and an execution runtime  630 . The DSP  502  executes applications  622  that may execute in the execution runtime  630  and may rely upon services provided by the application framework  624 . Applications  622  and the application framework  624  may rely upon functionality provided via the libraries  626 . 
       FIG. 9  illustrates a computer system  380  suitable for implementing one or more embodiments disclosed herein. The computer system  380  includes a processor  382  (which may be referred to as a central processor unit or CPU) that is in communication with memory devices including secondary storage  384 , read only memory (ROM)  386 , random access memory (RAM)  388 , input/output (I/O) devices  390 , and network connectivity devices  392 . The processor  382  may be implemented as one or more CPU chips. 
     It is understood that by programming and/or loading executable instructions onto the computer system  380 , at least one of the CPU  382 , the RAM  388 , and the ROM  386  are changed, transforming the computer system  380  in part into a particular machine or apparatus having the novel functionality taught by the present disclosure. It is fundamental to the electrical engineering and software engineering arts that functionality that can be implemented by loading executable software into a computer can be converted to a hardware implementation by well-known design rules. Decisions between implementing a concept in software versus hardware typically hinge on considerations of stability of the design and numbers of units to be produced rather than any issues involved in translating from the software domain to the hardware domain. Generally, a design that is still subject to frequent change may be preferred to be implemented in software, because re-spinning a hardware implementation is more expensive than re-spinning a software design. Generally, a design that is stable that will be produced in large volume may be preferred to be implemented in hardware, for example in an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), because for large production runs the hardware implementation may be less expensive than the software implementation. Often a design may be developed and tested in a software form and later transformed, by well-known design rules, to an equivalent hardware implementation in an application specific integrated circuit that hardwires the instructions of the software. In the same manner as a machine controlled by a new ASIC is a particular machine or apparatus, likewise a computer that has been programmed and/or loaded with executable instructions may be viewed as a particular machine or apparatus. 
     The secondary storage  384  is typically comprised of one or more disk drives or tape drives and is used for non-volatile storage of data and as an over-flow data storage device if RAM  388  is not large enough to hold all working data. Secondary storage  384  may be used to store programs which are loaded into RAM  388  when such programs are selected for execution. The ROM  386  is used to store instructions and perhaps data which are read during program execution. ROM  386  is a non-volatile memory device which typically has a small memory capacity relative to the larger memory capacity of secondary storage  384 . The RAM  388  is used to store volatile data and perhaps to store instructions. Access to both ROM  386  and RAM  388  is typically faster than to secondary storage  384 . The secondary storage  384 , the RAM  388 , and/or the ROM  386  may be referred to in some contexts as computer readable storage media and/or non-transitory computer readable media. 
     I/O devices  390  may include printers, video monitors, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), touch screen displays, keyboards, keypads, switches, dials, mice, track balls, voice recognizers, card readers, paper tape readers, or other well-known input devices. 
     The network connectivity devices  392  may take the form of modems, modem banks, Ethernet cards, universal serial bus (USB) interface cards, serial interfaces, token ring cards, fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) cards, wireless local area network (WLAN) cards, radio transceiver cards such as code division multiple access (CDMA), global system for mobile communications (GSM), long-term evolution (LTE), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), and/or other air interface protocol radio transceiver cards, and other well-known network devices. These network connectivity devices  392  may enable the processor  382  to communicate with the Internet or one or more intranets. With such a network connection, it is contemplated that the processor  382  might receive information from the network, or might output information to the network in the course of performing the above-described method steps. Such information, which is often represented as a sequence of instructions to be executed using processor  382 , may be received from and outputted to the network, for example, in the form of a computer data signal embodied in a carrier wave. 
     Such information, which may include data or instructions to be executed using processor  382  for example, may be received from and outputted to the network, for example, in the form of a computer data baseband signal or signal embodied in a carrier wave. The baseband signal or signal embedded in the carrier wave, or other types of signals currently used or hereafter developed, may be generated according to several methods well known to one skilled in the art. The baseband signal and/or signal embedded in the carrier wave may be referred to in some contexts as a transitory signal. 
     The processor  382  executes instructions, codes, computer programs, scripts which it accesses from hard disk, floppy disk, optical disk (these various disk based systems may all be considered secondary storage  384 ), ROM  386 , RAM  388 , or the network connectivity devices  392 . While only one processor  382  is shown, multiple processors may be present. Thus, while instructions may be discussed as executed by a processor, the instructions may be executed simultaneously, serially, or otherwise executed by one or multiple processors. Instructions, codes, computer programs, scripts, and/or data that may be accessed from the secondary storage  384 , for example, hard drives, floppy disks, optical disks, and/or other device, the ROM  386 , and/or the RAM  388  may be referred to in some contexts as non-transitory instructions and/or non-transitory information. 
     In an embodiment, the computer system  380  may comprise two or more computers in communication with each other that collaborate to perform a task. For example, but not by way of limitation, an application may be partitioned in such a way as to permit concurrent and/or parallel processing of the instructions of the application. Alternatively, the data processed by the application may be partitioned in such a way as to permit concurrent and/or parallel processing of different portions of a data set by the two or more computers. In an embodiment, virtualization software may be employed by the computer system  380  to provide the functionality of a number of servers that is not directly bound to the number of computers in the computer system  380 . For example, virtualization software may provide twenty virtual servers on four physical computers. In an embodiment, the functionality disclosed above may be provided by executing the application and/or applications in a cloud computing environment. Cloud computing may comprise providing computing services via a network connection using dynamically scalable computing resources. Cloud computing may be supported, at least in part, by virtualization software. A cloud computing environment may be established by an enterprise and/or may be hired on an as-needed basis from a third party provider. Some cloud computing environments may comprise cloud computing resources owned and operated by the enterprise as well as cloud computing resources hired and/or leased from a third party provider. 
     In an embodiment, some or all of the functionality disclosed above may be provided as a computer program product. The computer program product may comprise one or more computer readable storage medium having computer usable program code embodied therein to implement the functionality disclosed above. The computer program product may comprise data structures, executable instructions, and other computer usable program code. The computer program product may be embodied in removable computer storage media and/or non-removable computer storage media. The removable computer readable storage medium may comprise, without limitation, a paper tape, a magnetic tape, magnetic disk, an optical disk, a solid state memory chip, for example analog magnetic tape, compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM) disks, floppy disks, jump drives, digital cards, multimedia cards, and others. The computer program product may be suitable for loading, by the computer system  380 , at least portions of the contents of the computer program product to the secondary storage  384 , to the ROM  386 , to the RAM  388 , and/or to other non-volatile memory and volatile memory of the computer system  380 . The processor  382  may process the executable instructions and/or data structures in part by directly accessing the computer program product, for example by reading from a CD-ROM disk inserted into a disk drive peripheral of the computer system  380 . Alternatively, the processor  382  may process the executable instructions and/or data structures by remotely accessing the computer program product, for example by downloading the executable instructions and/or data structures from a remote server through the network connectivity devices  392 . The computer program product may comprise instructions that promote the loading and/or copying of data, data structures, files, and/or executable instructions to the secondary storage  384 , to the ROM  386 , to the RAM  388 , and/or to other non-volatile memory and volatile memory of the computer system  380 . 
     In some contexts, the secondary storage  384 , the ROM  386 , and the RAM  388  may be referred to as a non-transitory computer readable medium or a computer readable storage media. A dynamic RAM embodiment of the RAM  388 , likewise, may be referred to as a non-transitory computer readable medium in that while the dynamic RAM receives electrical power and is operated in accordance with its design, for example during a period of time during which the computer specification  380  is turned on and operational, the dynamic RAM stores information that is written to it. Similarly, the processor  382  may comprise an internal RAM, an internal ROM, a cache memory, and/or other internal non-transitory storage blocks, sections, or components that may be referred to in some contexts as non-transitory computer readable media or computer readable storage media. 
     While several embodiments have been provided in the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods may be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. The present examples are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the intention is not to be limited to the details given herein. For example, the various elements or components may be combined or integrated in another system or certain features may be omitted or not implemented. 
     Also, techniques, systems, subsystems, and methods described and illustrated in the various embodiments as discrete or separate may be combined or integrated with other systems, modules, techniques, or methods without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Other items shown or discussed as directly coupled or communicating with each other may be indirectly coupled or communicating through some interface, device, or intermediate component, whether electrically, mechanically, or otherwise. Other examples of changes, substitutions, and alterations are ascertainable by one skilled in the art and could be made without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein.