Patent Publication Number: US-2021171236-A1

Title: Push button closure

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation application of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/282,426, filed Feb. 22, 2019, which application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/633,841, filed Feb. 22, 2018, both of which are incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Field 
     The disclosed and claimed concept relates to metal container closures and, more particularly, to container closures including a force concentrating construction disposed adjacent a limited container opening. 
     Background Information 
     Metal container closures, or can ends, are constructs structured to close a substantially enclosed space defined by a container body. In one embodiment, the container is a beverage container that includes a beverage can body and a beverage can container closure (or beverage can end). That is, the container body is a beverage can body, such as but not limited to, a can body for carbonated beverages, hereinafter, and as used herein, a beverage can body. The beverage can body includes a bottom, or base, with an upwardly depending sidewall. The base and sidewall define a substantially enclosed space. After the beverage can body is filled with a liquid, a beverage can end, which is a container closure, is coupled to the beverage can body. The can end includes a container opening. That is, the can end includes an end panel and a tear panel. The end panel comprises the bulk of the can end and is generally planar. The tear panel defines the container opening. That is, the tear panel is a small portion of the end panel defined by a score line. The score line weakens the material of the end panel. As is known, a lift tab is coupled to the end panel adjacent the tear panel. When the lift tab is actuated, i.e., lifted, a portion of the lift tab engages the tear panel and causes the tear panel to move relative to the end panel. As the tear panel moves relative to the end panel, the tear panel and the end panel separate at the score line. As is known, the score line does not extend entirely about the tear panel. In this configuration, there is a connection tab that links the tear panel to the end panel. Thus, the tear panel does not fall into the beverage can body, but rather flexes toward the beverage can body so that a consumer may drink the liquid via the container opening. 
     In another embodiment, the container is a food container that includes a food can body and a food can container closure (or food can end). That is, a container body is a food can body, such as but not limited to, a can body for sardines, hereinafter, and as used herein, a food can body. The food can body also includes a bottom, or base, with an upwardly depending sidewall. The base and sidewall define a substantially enclosed space. After the food can body is filled with a food, and in this instance, sardines, a food can end is coupled to the food can body. As before, in this embodiment, the food can end includes an end panel and a tear panel, wherein the tear panel is defined by a score line. In this embodiment, however, the end panel is substantially the perimeter portion of the food can end and the tear panel is a large central portion. A pull tab is coupled to the tear panel adjacent the score line. As is known, the pull tab is lifted to create an initial break at the score line, then pulled to separate the tear panel from the end panel. 
     In another embodiment, the container is a glass jar. That glass jar includes a base and an upwardly depending sidewall. The distal portion of the side wall includes external threads. In this embodiment, the container closure is a twist lug, or, as used herein, a “lid.” That is, a “lid” means a closure structured to be removably coupled to a jar and which includes a generally planar top and a depending sidewall with internal threads. As is known, food stored in glass jars typically requires some process retort (heating/cooling) to sterilize/cook the contents. In the process, the product is exposed to a vacuum during the cooling process. This vacuum exposes the underside of the lid closure to a negative pressure, which makes the closure difficult to open/twist off the jar. One solution to this problem is to provide a push button on the lid. That is, a push button is a type of tear panel that is raised for access. As with the can ends described above, the lid defines an end panel and a tear panel. The tear panel includes a raised portion that is the push button. Further, an arcuate score line defines the tear panel. When a user opens the jar, the user engages the button causing the tear panel to tear at the score line allowing atmosphere to enter the enclosed space thus making removal of the lid easier. 
     In each of the container closures described above, the tear panel, and therefore the container opening, is defined by a score line. The score line is formed by a blade engaging a blank. The blade thins the metal at the score line. That is, in a tooling assembly, an upper tooling includes a blade and a lower tooling includes an anvil opposite the blade. A metal blank is disposed between the upper tooling and the lower tooling. When the upper tooling and the lower tooling are brought together, the blade engages the upper surface of the blank and deforms the metal. That is, the metal under the blade flows to either side of the blade thereby creating a thin portion which is the score line. 
     In some configurations, such as, but not limited to, the lid coupled to a jar, the substantial severing of the tear panel is not required. That is, a small opening is sufficient to allow the atmosphere to enter the enclosed space thus making removal of the lid easier. Known tear panels, however, are relatively large, i.e., approximately the same size as tear panels on a beverage can container closure. This is a disadvantage. Further, the button, or similar constructs, are configured to open the relatively large tear panel. This action requires a force sufficient to separate the entire tear panel from the end panel. This is also a disadvantage. 
     Each of these disadvantages is a problem with container closures. There is, therefore, a need for an improved container closer that addresses these problems. 
     SUMMARY 
     These problems, and others, are addressed by at least one embodiment of the disclosed and claimed concept which provides a container closure including a generally planar body having a product side and a customer side. The container closure body defines a limited container opening and an actuation location. Further, the container body includes a force concentrating construction disposed adjacent the limited container opening. As defined below, a “limited container opening” is an opening defined by a score line wherein the score line is structured to separate the portions of the body upon which the score line is disposed, but, wherein a portion of the body upon which the score line is disposed is moved a minor distance away from the other portion of the body upon which the score line is disposed. That is, generally, a “limited container opening” is relatively small. Further, as the limited container opening is relatively small, the force concentrating construction is structured to, and does, concentrate the force applied by a user to the score line. Thus, because the limited container opening is relatively small, and, because the force applied by the user is concentrated adjacent the limited container opening, a minimal amount of force is needed to open the limited container opening. Thus, this configuration solves the problems stated above. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       A full understanding of the invention can be gained from the following description of the preferred embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  is an isometric view of a container closure. 
         FIG. 2  is a top view of a container closure. 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic cross-sectional view of a shifted material line. 
         FIG. 4  is another schematic cross-sectional view of a shifted material line. 
         FIG. 5  is another schematic cross-sectional view of a shifted material line. 
         FIG. 6  is another schematic cross-sectional view of a shifted material line. 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic side view of a shifted material line with a mingled shift. 
         FIG. 7A  is a schematic cross-sectional view of a shifted material line as shown in  FIG. 7 . 
         FIG. 7B  is another schematic cross-sectional view of a shifted material line as shown in  FIG. 7 . 
         FIG. 7C  is another schematic cross-sectional view of a shifted material line as shown in  FIG. 7 . 
         FIG. 8  is another schematic cross-sectional view of a shifted material line. 
         FIG. 9  is another schematic cross-sectional view of a shifted material line. 
         FIG. 10  is another schematic cross-sectional view of a shifted material line. 
         FIG. 11  is another schematic cross-sectional view of a shifted material line. 
         FIG. 12  is another schematic cross-sectional view of a shifted material line. 
         FIG. 13  is another schematic cross-sectional view of a shifted material line. 
         FIG. 14  is another schematic cross-sectional view of a shifted material line. 
         FIG. 15  is another schematic cross-sectional view of a shifted material line. 
         FIG. 16  is another schematic cross-sectional view of a shifted material line. 
         FIG. 17  is a schematic cross-sectional view of a lid with a button defined by a shifted material line with sealant. 
         FIG. 18  is a schematic cross-sectional view of a tooling assembly that forms a shifted material line.  FIG. 18A  is a detailed view of the shifted material line in  FIG. 18 . 
         FIG. 19  is a schematic cross-sectional view of a press assembly first stage bubble station.  FIG. 19A  is a detailed schematic view of the press assembly first stage bubble station about to act on a blank.  FIG. 19B  is a detailed schematic view of the press assembly first stage bubble station forming a bubble in the blank.  FIG. 19C  is a cross-sectional side view of a blank following forming in a first stage bubble station. 
         FIG. 20  is a cross-sectional view of a press assembly second stage bubble station. 
         FIG. 20A  is a detailed schematic view of the press assembly second stage bubble station about to act on a blank.  FIG. 20B  is a detailed schematic view of the press assembly second stage bubble station forming a second stage bubble in the blank.  FIG. 20C  is a cross-sectional side view of a blank following forming in a second stage bubble station. 
         FIG. 20D  is a cross-sectional side view of a blank with a centered bubble following forming in a second stage bubble station.  FIG. 20E  is a cross-sectional side view of a blank with an offset bubble following forming in a second stage bubble station. 
         FIG. 21  is a cross-sectional view of a press assembly first stage button station. 
         FIG. 21A  is a detailed schematic view of the press assembly first stage button station about to act on a blank.  FIG. 21B  is a detailed schematic view of the press assembly first stage button station forming a first stage button in the blank.  FIG. 21C  is a first cross-sectional side view of a blank following forming in a first stage button station.  FIG. 21D  is a second cross-sectional side view of a blank with a first stage button following forming in a first stage button station. 
         FIG. 22  is a cross-sectional view of a press assembly second stage button station. 
         FIG. 22A  is a detailed schematic view of the press assembly second stage button station about to act on a blank.  FIG. 22B  is a detailed schematic view of the press assembly second stage button station forming a second stage button in the blank. 
         FIG. 23  is a cross-sectional view of a press assembly third stage button station. 
         FIG. 23A  is a detailed schematic view of the press assembly third stage button station about to act on a blank.  FIG. 23B  is a detailed schematic view of the press assembly third stage button station forming a third stage button in the blank. 
         FIG. 24  is a cross-sectional view of a press assembly score station.  FIG. 24A  is a detailed schematic view of the press assembly score station about to act on a blank. 
         FIG. 24B  is a detailed schematic view of the press assembly score station forming a score in the blank.  FIG. 24C  is a detailed schematic view of the press assembly score station score blade.  FIG. 24D  is a detailed schematic view of the press assembly score station score blade and anti-fracture score blade forming the score and anti-fracture score.  FIG. 24E  is a detailed schematic view of the press assembly score station score blade and anti-fracture score blade after forming the score and anti-fracture score.  FIG. 24F  is a detailed schematic view of the press assembly score station score blade forming the score.  FIG. 24G  is a detailed schematic view of the press assembly score station score blade after forming the score.  FIG. 24H  is a detailed schematic view of a press assembly score station chisel nose score blade.  FIG. 24I  is a detailed cross-section showing “necking.” 
         FIG. 25  is a cross-sectional side view of a score station tooling. 
         FIG. 26  is a cross-sectional view of a press assembly embossing station.  FIG. 26A  is a detailed schematic view of the press assembly embossing station about to act on a blank.  FIG. 26B  is a detailed schematic view of the press assembly embossing station embossing the blank. 
         FIG. 27  is a cross-sectional view of a press assembly hemming station.  FIG. 27A  is a detailed schematic view of the press assembly hemming station about to act on a blank.  FIG. 27B  is a detailed schematic view of the press assembly hemming station hemming the blank. 
         FIG. 28A  is a cross-sectional side view of a blank having a first stage bubble. 
         FIG. 28B  is a cross-sectional side view of a blank having a second stage bubble.  FIG. 28C  is a cross-sectional side view of a blank having a first stage button.  FIG. 28D  is a cross-sectional side view of a blank having a second stage button.  FIG. 28E  is a cross-sectional side view of a blank having a third stage button.  FIG. 28F  is a cross-sectional side view of a blank having a score.  FIG. 28G  is a cross-sectional side view of a blank that has been hemmed.  FIG. 28H  is a cross-sectional side view of a blank that has been embossed. 
         FIG. 29  is a top view of a lid having a venting assembly. 
         FIG. 30  is a cross-sectional side view of a lid having a venting assembly.  FIG. 30A  is a detailed cross-sectional side view of a venting assembly. 
         FIG. 31  is a first isometric view of a lid having a venting assembly. 
         FIG. 32  is a second isometric view of a lid having a venting assembly. 
         FIG. 33  is another isometric view of an alternate lid having a venting assembly. 
         FIG. 34  is a schematic cross-sectional view of a press assembly lance station. 
         FIG. 34A  is a detailed schematic view of the press assembly lance station about to act on a blank.  FIG. 34B  is a detailed schematic view of the press assembly lance station forming a bubble in the blank.  FIG. 34C  is a cross-sectional side view of a lance station forming a lance line in a blank.  FIG. 34D  is a cross-sectional side view of a lance station forming a shear line in a blank. 
         FIGS. 35A-35D  are flowcharts of the disclosed method. 
         FIG. 36A  is a top view of a lid including a limited container opening and a force concentrating construction.  FIG. 36B  is an isometric view of the lid in  FIG. 36A .  FIG. 36C  is cross-sectional side view of the lid in  FIG. 36A .  FIG. 36D  is a detail cross-sectional view of the scores in  FIG. 36C .  FIG. 36E  is another isometric view of the lid in  FIG. 36A . 
         FIG. 37A  is a top view of a lid including a limited container opening and a force concentrating construction.  FIG. 37B  is an isometric view of the lid in  FIG. 37A .  FIG. 37C  is cross-sectional side view of the lid in  FIG. 37A . 
         FIG. 38A  is a top view of a lid including a limited container opening and a force concentrating construction.  FIG. 38B  is an isometric view of the lid in  FIG. 38A . 
         FIG. 38C  is a side view of the lid in  FIG. 38A .  FIG. 38C  is cross-sectional side view of the lid in  FIG. 38A . 
         FIG. 39A  is a top view of a lid including a limited container opening and a force concentrating construction.  FIG. 39B  is an isometric view of the lid in  FIG. 39A .  FIG. 39C  is cross-sectional side view of the lid in  FIG. 39A .  FIG. 39D  is another isometric view of the lid in  FIG. 39A .  FIG. 39N  is another isometric view of the lid in  FIG. 39A . 
         FIG. 40A  is a top view of a lid including a limited container opening and a force concentrating construction.  FIG. 40B  is an isometric view of the lid in  FIG. 40A .  FIG. 40C  is cross-sectional side view of the lid in  FIG. 40A .  FIG. 40D  is another isometric view of the lid in  FIG. 40A . 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     It will be appreciated that the specific elements illustrated in the figures herein and described in the following specification are simply exemplary embodiments of the disclosed concept, which are provided as non-limiting examples solely for the purpose of illustration. Therefore, specific dimensions, orientations, assembly, number of components used, embodiment configurations and other physical characteristics related to the embodiments disclosed herein are not to be considered limiting on the scope of the disclosed concept. 
     Directional phrases used herein, such as, for example, clockwise, counterclockwise, left, right, top, bottom, upwards, downwards and derivatives thereof, relate to the orientation of the elements shown in the drawings and are not limiting upon the claims unless expressly recited therein. 
     As used herein, the singular form of “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. 
     As used herein, “structured to [verb]” means that the identified element or assembly has a structure that is shaped, sized, disposed, coupled and/or configured to perform the identified verb. For example, a member that is “structured to move” is movably coupled to another element and includes elements that cause the member to move or the member is otherwise configured to move in response to other elements or assemblies. As such, as used herein, “structured to [verb]” recites structure and not function. Further, as used herein, “structured to [verb]” means that the identified element or assembly is intended to, and is designed to, perform the identified verb. Thus, an element that is merely capable of performing the identified verb but which is not intended to, and is not designed to, perform the identified verb is not “structured to [verb].” 
     As used herein, “associated” means that the elements are part of the same assembly and/or operate together, or, act upon/with each other in some manner. For example, an automobile has four tires and four hub caps. While all the elements are coupled as part of the automobile, it is understood that each hubcap is “associated” with a specific tire. 
     As used herein, “at” means on and/or near. 
     As used herein, the statement that two or more parts or components are “coupled” shall mean that the parts are joined or operate together either directly or indirectly, i.e., through one or more intermediate parts or components, so long as a link occurs. As used herein, “directly coupled” means that two elements are directly in contact with each other. As used herein, “fixedly coupled” or “fixed” means that two components are coupled so as to move as one while maintaining a constant orientation relative to each other. Accordingly, when two elements are coupled, all portions of those elements are coupled. A description, however, of a specific portion of a first element being coupled to a second element, e.g., an axle first end being coupled to a first wheel, means that the specific portion of the first element is disposed closer to the second element than the other portions thereof. Further, an object resting on another object held in place only by gravity is not “coupled” to the lower object unless the upper object is otherwise maintained substantially in place. That is, for example, a book on a table is not coupled thereto, but a book glued to a table is coupled thereto. 
     As used herein, a “fastener” is a separate component structured to couple two or more elements. Thus, for example, a bolt is a “fastener” but a tongue-and-groove coupling is not a “fastener.” That is, the tongue-and-groove elements are part of the elements being coupled and are not a separate component. 
     As used herein, the phrase “removably coupled” or “temporarily coupled” means that one component is coupled with another component in an essentially temporary manner. That is, the two components are coupled in such a way that the joining or separation of the components is easy and would not damage the components. For example, two components secured to each other with a limited number of readily accessible fasteners, i.e., fasteners that are not difficult to access, are “removably coupled” whereas two components that are welded together or joined by difficult to access fasteners are not “removably coupled.” A “difficult to access fastener” is one that requires the removal of one or more other components prior to accessing the fastener wherein the “other component” is not an access device such as, but not limited to, a door. 
     As used herein, “temporarily disposed” means that a first element(s) or assembly (ies) is coupled to a second element(s) or assembly(ies) in a manner that allows the first element/assembly to be moved without having to decouple or otherwise manipulate the first element. For example, a book simply resting on a table, i.e., the book is not glued or fastened to the table, is “temporarily disposed” on the table. 
     As used herein, “operatively coupled” means that a number of elements or assemblies, each of which is movable between a first position and a second position, or a first configuration and a second configuration, are coupled so that as the first element moves from one position/configuration to the other, the second element moves between positions/configurations as well. It is noted that a first element may be “operatively coupled” to another without the opposite being true. 
     As used herein, a “coupling assembly” includes two or more couplings or coupling components. The components of a coupling or coupling assembly are generally not part of the same element or other component. As such, the components of a “coupling assembly” may not be described at the same time in the following description. 
     As used herein, a “coupling” or “coupling component(s)” is one or more component(s) of a coupling assembly. That is, a coupling assembly includes at least two components that are structured to be coupled together. It is understood that the components of a coupling assembly are compatible with each other. For example, in a coupling assembly, if one coupling component is a snap socket, the other coupling component is a snap plug, or, if one coupling component is a bolt, then the other coupling component is a nut. 
     As used herein, “correspond” indicates that two structural components are sized and shaped to be similar to each other and may be coupled with a minimum amount of friction. Thus, an opening which “corresponds” to a member is sized slightly larger than the member so that the member may pass through the opening with a minimum amount of friction. This definition is modified if the two components are to fit “snugly” together. In that situation, the difference between the size of the components is even smaller whereby the amount of friction increases. If the element defining the opening and/or the component inserted into the opening is made from a deformable or compressible material, the opening may even be slightly smaller than the component being inserted into the opening. With regard to surfaces, shapes, and lines, two, or more, “corresponding” surfaces, shapes, or lines have generally the same size, shape, and contours. 
     As used herein, “curvilinear” means elements having multiple curved portions, combinations of curved portions and planar portions, and a plurality of planar portions or segments disposed at angles relative to each other thereby forming a curve. As used herein, “arcuate” means a curve that is substantially circular, i.e., part of a circle. 
     As used herein, a “planar body” or “planar member” is a generally thin element including opposed, wide, generally parallel surfaces, i.e., the planar surfaces of the planar member, as well as a thinner edge surface extending between the wide parallel surfaces. That is, as used herein, it is inherent that a “planar” element has two opposed planar surfaces. The perimeter, and therefore the edge surface, may include generally straight portions, e.g., as on a rectangular planar member, or be curved, as on a disk, or have any other shape. 
     As used herein, a “path of travel” or “path,” when used in association with an element that moves, includes the space an element moves through when in motion. As such, any element that moves inherently has a “path of travel” or “path.” When used in association with an electrical current, a “path” includes the elements through which the current travels. 
     As used herein, the statement that two or more parts or components “engage” one another shall mean that the elements exert a force or bias against one another either directly or through one or more intermediate elements or components. Further, as used herein with regard to moving parts, a moving part may “engage” another element during the motion from one position to another and/or may “engage” another element once in the described position. Thus, it is understood that the statements, “when element A moves to element A first position, element A engages element B,” and “when element A is in element A first position, element A engages element B” are equivalent statements and mean that element A either engages element B while moving to element A first position and/or element A engages element B while in element A first position. 
     As used herein, “operatively engage” means “engage and move.” That is, “operatively engage” when used in relation to a first component that is structured to move a movable or rotatable second component means that the first component applies a force sufficient to cause the second component to move. For example, a screwdriver may be placed into contact with a screw. When no force is applied to the screwdriver, the screwdriver is merely “coupled” to the screw. If an axial force is applied to the screwdriver, the screwdriver is pressed against the screw and “engages” the screw. However, when a rotational force is applied to the screwdriver, the screwdriver “operatively engages” the screw and causes the screw to rotate. Further, with electronic components, “operatively engage” means that one component controls another component by a control signal or current. 
     As used herein, the word “unitary” means a component that is created as a single piece or unit. That is, a component that includes pieces that are created separately and then coupled together as a unit is not a “unitary” component or body. 
     As used herein, the term “number” shall mean one or an integer greater than one (i.e., a plurality). 
     As used herein, for any adjacent ranges that share a limit, e.g., 0%-5% and 5%-10, or, 0.05 inch-0.10 inch and 0.001 inch-0.05 inch, the upper limit of the lower range, i.e., 5% and 0.05 inch in the examples above, means “less than” the identified limit. That is, in the example above, the range 0%-5% means 0%-4.999999%. 
     As employed herein, the terms “can” and “container” are used substantially interchangeably to refer to any known or suitable container, which is structured to contain a substance (e.g., without limitation, liquid; food; any other suitable substance), and expressly includes, but is not limited to, beverage cans, such as beer and beverage cans, as well as food cans. As used herein, in the phrase “[x] moves between its first position and second position,” or, “[y] is structured to move [x] between its first position and second position,” “[x]” is the name of an element or assembly. Further, when [x] is an element or assembly that moves between a number of positions, the pronoun “its” means “[x],” i.e., the named element or assembly that precedes the pronoun “its.” 
     As used herein, “about” in a phrase such as “disposed about [an element, point or axis]” or “extend about [an element, point or axis]” or “[X] degrees about an [an element, point or axis],” means encircle, extend around, or measured around. When used in reference to a measurement or in a similar manner, “about” means “approximately,” i.e., in an approximate range relevant to the measurement as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. 
     As used herein, “generally” means “in a general manner” relevant to the term being modified as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. 
     As used herein, “substantially” means “for the most part” relevant to the term being modified as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. 
     As used herein, a “flattened” button is a construct that, when viewed in cross-section, includes a sidewall with a tall end relative to a base plane and a short end relative to a base line and a generally planar top wall extending between the sidewall tall end and the sidewall short end. Further, a “flattened” button sidewall at the tall end extends at an angle to the base plane. Further, as used herein, a “cylindrical flattened” button is a “flattened” button that, when viewed from a position normal to the cross-section has a generally circular perimeter. 
     As used herein, an “angled” button is a construct that, when viewed in cross-section, includes a sidewall with a tall end relative to a base plane and a short end relative to a base line and a generally planar top wall extending between the sidewall tall end and the sidewall short end. Further, an “angled” button sidewall at the tall end extends generally normal to the base plane. Further, as used herein, a “cylindrical angled” button is an “angled” button that, when viewed from a position normal to the cross-section has a generally circular perimeter. 
     As used herein, an angled button with a “limited height” is an angled button wherein the height of the tall end is between about 0.060 and 0.080 relative to the surface from which it extends. Further, as used herein, an angled button with a “very limited height” is an angled button wherein the height of the tall end is about 0.070 relative to the surface from which it extends. Further, as used herein, a “limited height” and a “very limited height” are related to an angled button; that is, a dome-like button cannot have a “limited height” or a “very limited height” as defined herein. 
     As used herein, “forming a bubble” means forming a dome in a generally planar construct. That is, after “forming a bubble,” the resulting construct is identified alternatively as a “bubble” or a “dome.” 
     As used herein, a bubble or dome has both a “dome radius” and a “base radius.” A “dome radius” is the radius of the arc that defines the protrusion of the dome from a generally planar surface, i.e., the radius that defines the dome height. The dome “base radius” is the radius of curvature between the button sidewall and the surface from which the bubble or dome extends. The “base radius” is measured at the bottom of the dome, i.e., where the cross-sectional area is the greatest. 
     As used herein, a cylindrical angled button has a “top radius” and “base radius” wherein both are the radius of the cylindrical angled button when viewed normal to the plane of the generally planar surface from which the cylindrical angled button protrudes. The “top radius” is the radius of the cylindrical angled button at the top thereof, and the “base radius” is the radius of the cylindrical angled button at the bottom thereof. It is understood that the cylindrical angled button top wall may not be a perfect circle and the “radius” is the measurement that approximates a “radius” as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The “radius” is measured at the bottom of the cylindrical angled button, i.e., where the cross-sectional area is the greatest. 
     As used herein, a cylindrical angled button with a “sharp top radius” means that the radius of curvature between the button sidewall and the button top side, is between about 0.020 and 0.060 inch. Further, a “very sharp top radius” means that the radius of curvature between the button sidewall and the button top side is about 0.040 inch. 
     As used herein, a cylindrical angled button with a “sharp base radius” means that the radius curvature between the button sidewall and the surface from which it extends, is between about 0.005 inch and 0.020 inch. Further, a “very sharp base radius” means that the radius of curvature between the button sidewall and the surface from which the button extends is about 0.008 inch. 
     As used herein, a “limited distance,” when that term is used relative to the distance between a cylindrical angled button radius and a score, means a distance between about 0.0 inch (coincident or overlapping) and 0.008 inch. As used herein, a “very limited distance,” when that term is used relative to the distance between a cylindrical angled button radius and a score means a distance of about 0.0 inch. 
     As used herein, a “limited spacing,” when that term is used relative to the distance between a main score and an anti-fracture score, means a distance between about 0.030 inch and 0.050 inch. As used herein, a “very limited spacing,” when that term is used relative to the distance between a main score and an anti-fracture score, means a distance about 0.040 inch. 
     As used herein, a “limited arc,” when that term is used relative to the distance between a cylindrical angled button radius and a score, means an arc of between about 20 and 200 degrees. As used herein, a “substantially limited arc,” when that term is used relative to the distance between a cylindrical angled button radius and a score, means an arc of between about 30 and 180 degrees. As used herein, a “very limited arc,” when that term is used relative to the distance between a cylindrical angled button radius and a score, means an arc of about 80 degrees. 
     As used herein, a “second bubble” is a bubble (or dome) formed from a prior bubble (or dome). As such, a bubble (or dome) formed from a generally planar material cannot be a “second bubble.” Further, as used herein, a bubble (or dome) formed from a generally planar material without first being formed into a first bubble, or similar construct, is not capable of being a “second bubble.” 
     As used herein, a “minimal score residual” means a score residual of between about to 0.0005 inch to 0.0025 inch. As used herein, a “limited score residual” is about 0.0010 inch. 
     As used herein, “hemming” means to flatten a protrusion so as to form a tab or flange structured to prevent, or resist, movement of the protrusion through an opening. 
     As used herein, a “line” does not mean a two-dimensional construct made by moving a point along a path. Rather, as used herein, a “line” means something that is distinct, elongated, and narrow. 
     As used herein, “generally planar” means a body or member is broadly “planar.” That is, a “generally planar” body or member includes planar bodies with recesses, rivets, and protrusions that are generally in the same plane as other portions of the body or member. Further, a “generally planar” body includes bodies or members that are generally convex or concave, such as, but not limited to, some beverage can container closures (or beverage can ends) exclusive of elements such as a chuck wall and curl. That is, the portion of a closure body  12  defining an end panel  22  and a tear panel  24  are, as used herein, “generally planar.” 
     As used herein, “a portion of material on one side of the, or a line that is, or at one time was, in a first plane, and, another portion of material on the other side of the line that is, or at one time was, in a second plane” means that the two portions of material were at one time generally planar, i.e., were portions of a generally planar member, and can be identified by a line between the portions that extends generally perpendicular to the plane of the generally planar member. The portions of material do not have to be in a planar configuration at, or after, the time a “shifted material line” is formed. 
     As used herein, a “product side” means the side of a construct used in a container that contacts, or could contact, a product such as, but not limited to, a food or beverage. That is, the “product side” of the construct is the side of the construct that, eventually, defines the interior of a container. 
     As used herein, a “customer side” means the side of a construct used in a container that does not contact, or could not contact, a product such as, but not limited to, a food or beverage. That is, the “customer side” of the construct is the side of the construct that, eventually, defines the exterior of a container. 
     As used herein, a “limited container opening” is an opening defined by a score line wherein the score line is structured to separate the portions of the body upon which the score line is disposed, but, wherein a portion of the body upon which the score line is disposed is moved a minor distance away from the other portion of the body upon which the score line is disposed. As used herein, a “minor distance” means a distance sufficient to allow gas to pass through the opening created when the two portions of the body are separated. Stated alternately, a “limited container opening” is a passage resulting from the separation of, or a portion of, a generally linear, or an overall generally straight curvilinear, score line on a closure body sufficient to allow gas to pass through the passage. 
     As used herein, an “overall generally straight curvilinear” score line or opening means a generally straight line which includes a number of curvilinear portions. For example, a score line shaped like a parentheses, or a “(,” is an “overall generally straight curvilinear” score line. Conversely, a score line shaped like a “U” is not an “overall generally straight curvilinear” score line. Stated alternately, for an “overall generally straight curvilinear” score line or opening, the offset between a straight line drawn between the tips of the “overall generally straight curvilinear” score line and the “overall generally straight curvilinear” score line is no more than about 25% of the length of the straight line drawn between the tips of the “overall generally straight curvilinear” score line. 
     As used herein, a “force concentrating construction” means a configuration of score lines that includes, consists essentially of, or consists of, a “force directing score pattern” and/or a force focusing score. 
     As used herein, a “force directing score pattern” means a number of score lines that define a number of “links” and which is structured to reduce the ability of metal in an area to carry/transfer a load applied within the area and to force the load to be transferred via a “link.” Thus, a “force directing score pattern” inherently includes a number of links. 
     As used herein, and in connection with a “force directing score pattern,” a “link” means a narrow, unscored portion of metal between adjacent scores defining an enclosed area or a substantially enclosed area, and, wherein the scores defining an enclosed area or a substantially enclosed area are disposed about an actuation location. The term “link” as defined in this paragraph is not limiting upon the term “link” as used in the definition of the term “coupled,” above. 
     As used herein, an “actuation location” means a location on a metal closure wherein pressure is applied for the purpose of making an opening in the metal closure. For example, in a traditional aluminum container for carbonated beverages, a tab is lifted thereby applying pressure to a tear panel; in this configuration, the location wherein the tab contacts the tear panel is the “actuation location.” In a container closure having a button, the button is the “actuation location.” 
     As used herein, a “force focusing score line” means a score line that includes an incongruous medial portion. That is, non-“force focusing score lines” are generally disposed in straight lines, curvilinear lines, or geometric shapes such as, but not limited to, a rounded triangle. A “force focusing score” includes portions that are disposed in a straight line or an overall generally straight curvilinear line as well as a pointed or curvilinear incongruous medial portion that is not disposed along the straight line or is incongruent with the broad curves of an overall generally straight curvilinear line. Further, a “force focusing score” is convex relative to an “actuation location.” That is, a pointed or curved incongruous medial portion points generally toward, or arcs toward, an “actuation location.” Thus, a rounded triangular tear panel, for example, does not define a “force focusing score” because the “actuation location” for a tear panel is on the tear panel and, as such, the corners of a rounded triangular tear panel are not convex relative to, i.e., arced toward, the “actuation location.” As used herein, the pointed or curved incongruous medial portion points generally toward, or arcs toward, an “actuation location” is also identified as a “nose.” As used herein, a “force focusing score line” inherently includes a “nose.” 
     As used herein, a “circular trapezoid” is a shape with, and which inherently includes, two generally curvilinear and generally parallel sides and two generally straight, radial sides. A “circular trapezoid” is a substantially closed shape defining a substantially enclosed space. In one embodiment, the perimeter defining a “circular trapezoid” includes a number of gaps wherein the shape of the “circular trapezoid” is visually discernable, i.e., identifiable as a “circular trapezoid” by one of ordinary skill in art despite the lack of a contiguous perimeter. In another embodiment, a “circular trapezoid” includes a contiguous perimeter. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , a container closure  10  includes a generally planar body  12  having a product side  14  and a customer side  16 . It is understood that the terms “product side”  14  and “customer side”  16  apply to all portions and/or elements of the container closure  10 . That is, as described below, the container closure body  12  includes a tear panel  24 ; thus, the tear panel  24  has a “product side”  14  and “customer side”  16  as well. The container closure  10  is shown schematically and does not include additional features associated with specific container closures  10 . For example, a container closure that is intended to be coupled to a beverage can body or a food can body (neither shown) includes elements such as, but not limited to, a curl, a chuck wall, or a bead; none of these elements are shown. Similarly, a container closure  10 , or lid, that is intended to be coupled to ajar includes a generally planar portion and a depending sidewall with interior threads. None of these elements are shown. Thus, the container closure  10  is shown schematically and represents a portion of a complete container closure. Further, the portion of the container closure  10  may be part of any of a beverage can container closure (or beverage can end), a food can container closure (or food can end) or a lid, none shown. The container closure body  12  includes, i.e., defines, a container opening  20 . That is, the container opening  20  is defined by a shifted material line  30 . Stated alternately, the container closure body  12  and/or the container opening  20  includes a shifted material line  30 . Further, the container closure body  12  includes an end panel  22  and a tear panel  24 . Generally, and as described above, the end panel  22  is the portion of the container closure  10  that is coupled, directly coupled, fixed, or temporarily coupled to a can body or jar (either shown). The tear panel  24  is a portion of the container closure  10  that moves relative to the end panel  22 . Thus, the tear panel  24  defines the container opening  20 . That is, when the tear panel  24  has been moved relative to the end panel  22 , the tear panel  24  is decoupled, or partially decoupled, from the end panel  22  and defines the container opening  20 . The tear panel  24  is decoupled from the end panel  22  at the shifted material line  30 . Thus, the shifted material line  30  defines the tear panel  24 . The tear panel  24  may be in any shape such as, but not limited to, a generally oval shape and a relatively small portion (when compared to the end panel  22 ) of a container closure  10  associated with a beverage can container closure (or beverage can end), a generally rectangular or circular shape and a relatively large portion (when compared to the end panel  22 ) of a container closure  10  associated with a food can container closure (or food can end), or a button  600  having a generally curvilinear or arcuate shifted material line  30  extending partially about the button  600 , discussed below. Further, it is understood that the container closure  10  is part of a unitary metal body that is initially, i.e., before substantive forming operations, a generally planar blank  1  ( FIG. 19A ). 
     The shifted material line  30  includes, and/or is defined by, a first portion  32  and a second portion  34 . That is, the first portion  32  is disposed on a first side of the shifted material line  30  and the second portion  34  is disposed on a second side of the shifted material line  30 . A shifted material line  30  is one of a “wide line,” a “medium line” or a “narrow line.” As used herein, a “wide line” has width between 0.015 inch and about 0.100 inch. As used herein, a “medium line” has width between 0.005 inch and 0.015 inch. As used herein, a “narrow line” has width between 0.0 inch and 0.005 inch. As used herein, a line with a width of 0.0 inch is a shifted material line  30  wherein material defining the line has separated, i.e., a “lance line” as defined above. In an exemplary embodiment, and as shown, the first portion  32  is part of the end panel  22  and the second portion  34  is part of the tear panel  24 . In an exemplary embodiment, the first portion  32  and second portion  34  are each a generally planar portion.  FIG. 3  shows a lance line  100 . 
     In an embodiment wherein the shifted material line  30  is a lance line  100 , the first portion  32  is separated from the second portion  34 . Further, as shown, the first portion  32  is offset toward the product side  14  relative to the second portion  34 . When the first portion  32 , i.e., the end panel  22 , is offset toward the product side  14  relative to the second portion  34 , i.e., the tear panel  24 , the second portion  34  (or the tear panel  24 ) has, as used herein, a “positive shift.” That is, when the second portion  34 , i.e., the tear panel  24 , is offset generally toward the customer side  16 , the tear panel  24  has a “positive shift.” In this embodiment, the separation defines the shifted material line  30 . In an exemplary embodiment, as discussed below, the separation is created when a tooling assembly  520  acts on the blank and fractures the material of the blank causing the separation. As used herein, a separated shifted material line  30  is a “fractured shifted material line”  30 ′. 
     In another embodiment, the shifted material line  30  is a shear line  102 . In this embodiment as shown, the first portion  32  and the second portion  34  are each a generally planar portion. Further, as shown, the first portion  32  is offset toward the customer side  16  relative to the second portion  34 . When the first portion  32 , i.e., the end panel  22 , is offset toward the customer side  16  relative to the second portion  34 , i.e., the tear panel  24 , the second portion  34  (or the tear panel  24 ) has, as used herein, a “negative shift,” as shown in  FIGS. 8 and 9 . That is, when the second portion  34 , i.e., the tear panel  24 , is offset generally toward the product side  14 , the tear panel  24  has a “positive shift.” In this embodiment, the first portion  32  and second portion  34  are not separated. Thus, the shifted material line  30  is defined by transitional area  40  between the first portion  32  and the second portion  34 . The transitional area  40  has width of between about 0.0 inch and 0.100, about 0.005 inch and 0.015 inch, or about 0.010 inch. If the transitional area  40  is wider than the widest range noted above, the offset portions do not define a “shifted material line  30 ” or a “shear line” as used herein. Further, as noted above, the transitional area  40  is stretched, or otherwise deformed, so as to allow the material on different sides of the shifted material line  30  or shear line  102  to be in different planes. 
     In another embodiment, shown in  FIG. 4 , the tooling assembly  520  initially deforms the metal at the shifted material line  30  so as to form a shear line  102 , as described above. The tooling assembly  520 , in an exemplary embodiment, further moves the first portion  32  and the second portion  34  between a positive shift and a negative shift a number of times, each time deforming the material at the shear line  102 . The tooling assembly  520  then deforms the shear line  102  so that the first portion  32  and the second portion  34  are generally in the same plane. In this embodiment, the offset between the first portion  32  and the second portion  34  is not visible, but the material is weaker than un-deformed material. As used herein, a shifted material line  30  wherein the first portion  32  and the second portion  34  are generally in the same plane have a “neutral shift.” Further, a shifted material line  30  wherein the first portion  32  and the second portion  34  are generally in the same plane following the formation of a shear line  102  is, as used herein, a “hidden shear line”  104  ( FIG. 5 ). To represent the hidden shear line  104 ,  FIG. 5  schematically shows exaggerated micro-fractures  105 . It is understood that the micro-fractures  105  are not visible to the naked eye. 
     In another embodiment, shown in  FIG. 6 , the shifted material line  30  is a relief line  106 . In this embodiment as shown, the first portion  32  and second portion  34  are each a generally planar portion. The shifted material line  30  is formed as a hidden shear line  104 , as described above. The “relief line”  106  further includes a shifted material score line  90  formed by a blade in the tooling assembly  520 . The shifted material score line  90  is disposed on, or immediately adjacent the shifted material line  30 , i.e., the hidden shear line  104 . As shown, the shifted material score line  90  is disposed on the customer side  16  of the container closure body  12 . It is understood, however, that a relief line  106  includes a shifted material score line  90  disposed on either, or both, the product side  14  and the customer side  16  of the container closure body  12 . 
     In another embodiment, shown in  FIG. 7 , the shifted material line  30  has a “mingled shift.” As used herein, a “mingled shift” is when a shifted material line  30  has a first section  80 , a transition section  82  and a second section  84 , as shown in  FIGS. 7A-7C . The first section  80  has a “positive shift,” as described above. The second section  84  has a “negative shift,” as described above. The transition section  82  is the section between the first section  80  and the second section  84  wherein there is a “neutral shift,” as described above. 
     Thus, the shifted material line  30  is any one of a relief line  106 , a shear line  102 , a hidden shear line  104 , or a lance line  100 . Further, the shifted material line  30  is, in an exemplary embodiment, a combination of two or more of a relief line  106 , a shear line  102 , a hidden shear line  104 , and a lance line  100 . As used herein, a shifted material line  30  that includes two or more of a relief line  106 , a shear line  102 , a hidden shear line  104 , and a lance line  100  is a “mingled line”  110 . 
     The shifted material line  30 , or alternately the first portion  32  and the second portion  34 , have one of a negligible shift ( FIG. 14 ), a minimal shift ( FIG. 13 ), a moderate shift ( FIG. 12 ), a maximum shift ( FIG. 11 ), or a spaced shift ( FIG. 10 ). The “shift,” for the purpose of measuring the offset, is measured at the customer side  16  of each of the first portion  32  and the second portion  34 . As used herein, a “negligible shift” means that the first portion  32  and the second portion  34  have an offset of between 0% and 10%, or about 5% of the thickness of the container closure body  12  at the shifted material line  30 . In an exemplary embodiment, a relief line  106  has a “negligible shift” between the first portion  32  and the second portion  34 . As used herein, a “minimal shift” means that the first portion  32  and the second portion  34  have an offset of between 10% and 20%, or about 15% of the thickness of the container closure body  12  at the shifted material line  30 . As used herein, a “moderate shift” means that the first portion  32  and the second portion  34  have an offset of between 20% and 40%, or about 30% of the thickness of the container closure body  12  at the shifted material line  30 . As used herein, a “maximum shift” means that the first portion  32  and the second portion  34  have an offset of between 40% and 250%, or about 100% of the thickness of the container closure body  12  at the shifted material line  30 . As used herein, a “spaced shift” means that the first portion  32  and the second portion  34 , at the interface thereof, are not in the same plane and are separated. 
     As defined above, the shifted material line  30  defines a plane that separates the first portion  32  and the second portion  34 . That is, the thickness of the container closure body  12  at the shifted material line  30  defines a plane which, as used herein, is the “plane of separation”  130 . That is, the plane of separation  130  is the plane passing through the container closure body  12  at the shifted material line  30 , i.e., the plane visible when the when container closure body  12  is viewed in cross-section, as shown in  FIG. 14 . Further, in the examples above, the first portion  32  and the second portion  34  are each shown as generally planar portions. In this configuration, the plane of separation  130  is generally perpendicular to the plane of the container closure body  12 . As used herein, when the plane of separation  130  is generally perpendicular to the plane of the container closure body  12  it is, as used herein, a “normal plane.” 
     In another exemplary embodiment, shown in  FIGS. 15 and 16 , the container closure body  12  includes, i.e., is formed with, an angled portion  140 . That is, the angled portion  140  is angled relative to the plane of the generally planar container closure body  12 . In an exemplary embodiment, the shifted material line  30  is disposed on the angled portion  140 . The shifted material line  30  may be formed before, during, or after, the deformation that angles the angled portion  140  relative to the plane of the generally planar container closure body  12 . When the shifted material line  30  is disposed on the angled portion  140  and when the tear panel  24  has a positive shift, the plane of separation  130  is, as used herein, a “positive plane.” When the shifted material line  30  is disposed on the angled portion  140  and when the tear panel  24  has a negative shift, the plane of separation  130  is, as used herein, a “negative plane.” When the plane of separation  130  includes portions that are both a positive plane and a negative plane, the plane is, as used herein, a “mingled plane.” 
     In the exemplary embodiments shown in  FIG. 17 , the first portion  32  and the second portion  34  are shown as being generally planar, and, as defined above, the first portion  32  and the second portion  34  must have been at some time, generally planar with each other. In another exemplary embodiment, either of the first portion  32  and/or the second portion  34  are not generally planer. For example, as shown in  FIG. 17 , the second portion  34 , that is, the tear panel  24  has been formed into a button  600 . That is, the second portion  34  is generally curvilinear, or generally arcuate, when viewed in cross-section as shown in  FIG. 17 . 
     Further, it is noted that the shifted material line  30  in one exemplary embodiment extends completely about the tear panel  24 , such as, but not limited to, a container closure for a food can. In another exemplary embodiment, the shifted material line  30  does not extend completely about the tear panel  24 , such as, but not limited to, a container closure for a beverage can or on a lid. In the latter embodiment, it is understood that the shift between the first portion  32  and the second portion  34  diminishes to no shift at the ends of the shifted material line  30 . 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the container opening  20  is sealed by a sealant  180  (or sealing material  180 ). Thus, as used herein, the sealant  180  is identified as part of the container opening  20 . The sealant  180  is structured to, and does, create a substantially fluid proof barrier. As used herein, a “substantially fluid proof barrier” means that the barrier does not include any passages through which a fluid passes. A “substantially fluid proof barrier” does not mean that the fluid cannot penetrate the barrier at a molecular level. In an exemplary embodiment, and as shown in  FIG. 17 , the sealant  180  is applied to the product side  14  of the container closure body  12  at the container opening  20 . It is understood that, in other exemplary embodiments, not shown, the sealant  180  is applied to the customer side  16 , or both the product side  14  and the customer side  16 , of the closure body  12  at the container opening  20 . In an exemplary embodiment, the sealant  180  has a thickness of between about 0.010 inch and 0.030 inch, or between about 0.015 inch and 0.025 inch, or about 0.020 inch. The sealant  180  “thickness” is, as used herein, measured in a direction generally perpendicular to the plane of the container closure body  12  and at a location adjacent the shifted material line  30 , as shown in  FIG. 17 , but not at a location defined by the button  600 , i.e., a location wherein the button  600  defines a recess into which sealant  180  is disposed. Further, the sealant has a minimum width of about 0.020 inch, or about 0.010 inch, or about 0.005 inch. As used herein, the sealant  180  “width” is measured in a direction generally parallel to the plane of the container closure body  12  and from the shifted material line  30 . It is understood that the sealant  180  may extend further in one direction from the shifted material line  30  than in the other; thus, the “minimum” width is measured toward the side of the shifted material line  30  having the lesser amount of sealant  180 . 
     Further, in an exemplary embodiment, the container closure body  12  defines a sealant recess  182  adjacent the shifted material line  30 . That is, the container closure body  12  includes a protrusion  184  extending from, i.e., away from, the side of the container closure body  12  to which the sealant  180  is applied. Thus, in an exemplary embodiment, wherein the sealant  180  is applied to the product side  14  of the container closure body  12 , the protrusion  184  extends from the product side  14  of the container closure body  12 . The sealant recess  182  extends generally about the shifted material line  30 . 
     The following describes a press assembly  510  structured to form a lid with a button  600  as well as a shifted material line  30 . It is understood that this is an example and other presses, not shown, are structured to form beverage can closures or food can closures. Further, in this example, the elements of the forming elements of the tooling assembly  520 , discussed below, are generally circular and each station  526 , discussed below, has a centerline. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, a press assembly  510 , shown schematically in  FIGS. 19-27 , includes a reciprocating ram assembly  512  and a tooling assembly  520 . The tooling assembly  520  includes an upper tooling  522  and a lower tooling  524 . The upper tooling  522  is coupled to the ram assembly  512  and reciprocates between a first position, wherein the upper tooling  522  is spaced from the lower tooling  524 , and a second position, wherein the upper tooling  522  is adjacent or immediately adjacent the lower tooling  524 . It is understood that sub-components of the upper tooling  522  and the lower tooling  524  can move independently of other portions thereof, but when the upper tooling  522  is in the first position, the tooling assembly  520  does not engage the blank so as to form the blank. As used herein, to “form” means to alter the shape of the blank. The tooling assembly  520 , or elements thereof, engage the blank to move the blank between stations  526 . 
     As is known, a feed assembly (not shown) moves a blank through the tooling assembly  520  in a series on intermittent steps which is also known as indexing. In an exemplary embodiment, the blank is a generally circular, metal lid. The tooling assembly  520  includes a number of stations  526 . Each time the blank stops moving, the blank is disposed at a new station or an idle station (not shown) wherein no forming operations occur. In an exemplary embodiment, and as the example provided herein, the blanks are jar lids structured to be threadably coupled (screwed onto) jars. As is known, the blanks include a generally planar top wall with a depending sidewall. The depending sidewall includes a curled lip. The height of the depending sidewall defines the height of the blank. The plane defined by the intersection of the top wall and the sidewall is, as used herein, the chime line. As is further known, in an exemplary embodiment, the blank is formed with a generally planar center panel which is downwardly offset relative to the chime line. That is, the offset distance between the distal end of the sidewall and the chime line is greater than the offset distance between the distal end of the sidewall and the plane of the center panel. In an exemplary embodiment, the blank center panel has an initial thickness of between about 0.770 inch and 0.790 or about 0.180 inch. As is known, the area, or a portion of the area, between the center panel and the sidewall may be filled with a resilient and/or sealing material. Further, as is known, the blank includes a product side (which is generally exposed to the product in the jar) and a consumer side (which is generally exposed to the atmosphere). In an exemplary embodiment, the blank is steel. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the blank is a generally circular and includes a center. In this embodiment, the center of the bubble (or first and second bubble) is offset from the center of the blank. Thus, when the bubble is formed into the button, the center of the button is disposed at, or substantially at, the center of the blank. In another embodiment, the center of the button  600 , i.e., a cylindrical angled button  600 , is aligned with or directly on the center of the blank. It is noted that, in this configuration, the high point of the angled button is disposed substantially at the same location as the corresponding surface of the dome. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, and as shown in  FIGS. 29-33 , the tooling assembly  520  is structured to form a lid  596  with a venting assembly  598 , wherein the venting assembly  598  includes an angled button  600 . That is, in an exemplary embodiment, the tooling assembly  520  includes a number of forming stations  530  including a number of bubble forming stations  540 , a number of button forming stations  550 , as well as a number of scoring stations  560  and/or shifted material line stations  700 . The scoring stations  560  or shifted material line stations  700  define the tear panel  24  which includes the angled button  600 . The number of button forming stations  550  includes a station structured to form an angled button  600 . 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the number of bubble forming stations  540  includes a first bubble forming station  542  and a second bubble forming station  544 . The first bubble forming station  542  is structured to form a first bubble  610  ( FIG. 19C ) wherein the first bubble  610  has a dome radius between about 0.770 and 0.790 inch, and, a base radius between 0.180 and 0.200 inch. Further, in an exemplary embodiment, the first bubble forming station  542  is structured to form a first bubble wherein the first bubble has a dome radius of about 0.780 inch and, a base radius of about 1.190 inch. The second bubble forming station  544  is structured to form a first bubble into a second bubble  612 ,  FIG. 20C , wherein the second bubble has a dome radius between about 0.520 and 0.540 inch and, a base radius between about 0.070 and 0.090 inch. In an exemplary embodiment, the second bubble forming station  544  is structured to form a first bubble into a second bubble, wherein the second bubble has a dome radius of about 0.530 inch and, a radius of about 0.080 inch. It is noted that each bubble has a center. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the number of button forming stations  550  includes a first button station  552 , a second button station  554 , and a third button station  556 . The first button station  552  is structured to form a bubble, or dome, into a flattened button. Further, in an exemplary embodiment, the first button station  552  is structured to form a bubble, or dome, into a cylindrical flattened button which has a center. Further, the first button station  552  is structured to form the cylindrical flattened button  602  so that the center of the cylindrical flattened button is offset relative to the position of the second bubble. Further, the first button station  552  is structured to form a generally planar inner panel  604  disposed about the flattened button  602 . The inner panel  604  is downwardly offset relative to the blank center panel. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, and as shown in  FIGS. 19-23B , the second button station  554  is structured to form a step, i.e., a downwardly offset tier  606 , in the inner panel  604  as well as form the flattened button  602  into an angled button  600 . The third button station  556  is structured to increase the height of the angled button  600  relative to the offset tier  606 . In an exemplary embodiment, the angled button  600  has one of a “limited height” or a “very limited height” relative to the offset tier  606 . Further, the number of button forming stations  550  are structured to form a cylindrical angled button  600  with one of a sharp radius or a very sharp radius. 
     In one exemplary embodiment, and as shown in  FIGS. 24-24 , the number of scoring stations  560  includes a first score station  562 . The first score station  562  includes a first score blade  563  (or main score blade  563 ) with an angle of between about 40°-70°, or in an exemplary embodiment, about 50°. In an exemplary embodiment, the first score blade  563  is coupled, directly coupled, or fixed, to the upper tooling  522 . In an exemplary embodiment, at least one of the number of scoring stations  560  includes a raised anvil  566 . As used herein, a “raised anvil” is an anvil with a convex surface structured to be disposed immediately adjacent a score blade when the tooling assembly  520  is in the second position. A raised anvil  566  is schematically shown in  FIG. 24E . 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the raised anvil  566  is coupled to the lower tooling  524 . The first score blade  563  is structured to make a main score  568  in the blank. The raised anvil  566  solves the problems of shearing of metal, i.e., fracturing at the score. 
     The number of scoring stations  560  also includes an anti-fracture score blade  567 , as shown in  FIG. 25 . In an exemplary embodiment, the anti-fracture score blade  567  is also at the first score station  562 . In an exemplary embodiment, the anti-fracture score blade  567  is a chisel nose score blade. As used herein, a “chisel nose” score blade, when viewed in cross-section, includes a long side  572 , a short side  574 , and a transverse side  576  extending between the first and second sides. A score produced by a “chisel nose” score blade is shown in  FIG. 24H . The anti-fracture score blade  567  is structured to form an anti-fracture score  569  in the blank. The anti-fracture score  569  is less deep than the main score  568 . 
     Another embodiment of the anti-fracture score blade  567  is shown in  FIG. 24D  wherein the anti-fracture score blade  567  is disposed between about 0.030 to 0.050 inch from the first score blade  563 , or about 0.040 inch as shown below, or a limited spacing as defined above. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the main score  568  extends over one of a limited arc, a substantially limited arc, or a very limited arc. Further, in an exemplary embodiment, the main score  568  is disposed over one of a limited distance or a very limited distance from the angled button  600  radius. Further, in an exemplary embodiment, main score  568  and the anti-fracture score  569  are spaced apart by one of limited spacing or a very limited spacing. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in  FIGS. 26-26B , the tooling assembly  520  also includes a number of embossing stations  580  and a number of hemming stations  590 . In one embodiment, there is a single embossing station  580  and hemming station  590  (shown in  FIGS. 27-27B ). The embossing station  580  is structured to raise the angled button  600  relative to the offset tier  606 . The top of the angled button  600  is not raised above the chime line. Further, in an exemplary embodiment, the top of the angled button  600  is not raised above the center panel. In another exemplary embodiment, there is no hemming station  590  and the button  600  is not hemmed. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the tooling assembly stations  526  are disposed in the order identified above. That is, the blank moves through the stations in the following order: bubble forming stations  540 , button forming stations  550 , and scoring station  560 . Further, if included, the scoring station  560  is followed by the embossing station  580  and the hemming station  590  and is formed as shown in  FIGS. 28A-28H . 
     In another embodiment, the tooling assembly  520  includes a number of shifted material line stations  700  rather than, or in addition to, scoring stations  560 . Each shifted material line forming station  700  is structured to, and does, form a shifted material line  30 . In the exemplary embodiment, a first shifted material line station  702  is structured to, and does, form a lance line  100 . That is, in an exemplary embodiment, the first shifted material line station  702  is a lance station  704 . It is understood that, as defined above, a lance line  100  is when the material of the lid  596  is separated at the shifted material line  30 . Thus, as described below, the elements of the first shifted material line station  702  move a distance sufficient to separate the material of the lid  596 . It is further understood that a shifted material line station  700  is structured to form another type of shifted material line  30 , for example a shear line  102 , the elements of such a shifted material line station  700  move a distance sufficient to form the identified type of shifted material line  30 . Further, to form a hidden shear line  104 , the elements of such a shifted material line station  700  are structured to reciprocate multiple times so as to form the hidden shear line  104 . 
     Further, in the embodiment shown, the first shifted material line station  702  is structured to make a first section  80  or tear panel  24  with a positive shift. As used herein, “inner” means relative to an axis passing through the center of the blank and generally normal to the surface of the unformed blank. Thus, the first shifted material line station  702  includes inner components  710  and outer components  712 . In the embodiment shown, an upper tooling outer punch  723  and a lower tooling outer anvil  725 , discussed below, are the outer components  712 . The inner components  710  include a lower tooling inner anvil  726  and an inner punch (not shown). The inner components  710  and outer components  712 , if used, generally face, or oppose, each other and are structured to engage, clamp, or progressively clamp the blank as well as otherwise form the blank. It is understood that, depending upon the type of shifted material line  30  being formed, not all the inner components  710  or outer components  712  identified above are required. For example, in the embodiment shown, an inner punch is not required. 
     That is, the disclosed lower tooling  524  includes an inner anvil  726 . It is understood that a first shifted material line station  702  structured to make a first section  80  or tear panel  24  with a negative shift would include an inner punch (not shown) as part of the upper tooling  522 . Further, a first shifted material line station  702  structured to make a hidden shear line  104  would include both an inner punch (not shown) and an inner anvil  726 . 
     In the shown exemplary embodiment, and as shown in  FIGS. 34-34D , the first shifted material line station  702  is a lance station  704  structured to lance the blank. The lance station  704  includes an upper tooling  722  and a lower tooling  724 . In an exemplary embodiment, the upper tooling  722  includes an outer punch  723  and the lower tooling  724  includes an outer anvil  725  and an inner anvil  726 . The outer anvil  725  extends about the inner anvil  726 . The outer punch  723  has a forming surface  730  disposed at a first radius from the center of the blank. As shown, and in an exemplary embodiment, the outer punch forming surface  730  includes a substantially planar first surface as well as a substantially planar second surface that is generally perpendicular to the first surface. As used herein, the surfaces of the inner components  710  and the outer components  712  that contact the blank are the “forming surface(s).” Thus, characteristics (size, shape, etc.) of a “forming surface” depend upon the blank and the configuration of the blank during a specific forming operation. The outer anvil  725 , as shown, also includes a forming surface  732 . The outer anvil forming surface  732  is also generally planar, i.e., the outer anvil forming surface  732  generally defines a plane. Similarly, the inner anvil  726  includes a forming surface  734 . The inner anvil forming surface  734  is also generally planar, i.e., the inner anvil forming surface  734  generally defines a plane. 
     Further, an inner edge  740  of the outer punch forming surface  730  is disposed at a first radius from the station centerline. The outer anvil  725  has a second edge  742  disposed at a second radius from the station centerline. The second radius is greater than the first radius, but not substantially greater. The inner anvil  726  has a third edge  744  disposed at a third radius from the station centerline. The third radius is smaller than the first radius, but not substantially smaller. It is noted that, in this configuration, there is a gap between the outer anvil  725  and the inner anvil  726 . 
     The outer components  712  (in this embodiment, the outer punch  723  and the outer anvil  725 ) are structured to, and do, move relative to the inner components  710  (in this embodiment, the inner anvil  726 ) between a first forming position, wherein the lower tooling forming surfaces, i.e., the outer anvil forming surface  732  and the inner anvil forming surface  734  are generally parallel, and, a second forming position, wherein the lower tooling forming surfaces, i.e., the outer anvil forming surface  732  is shifted relative to the inner anvil forming surface  734 . As used herein, the verb “shifted” means moved in a direction generally perpendicular to the plane of the blank or the plane of the container closure body  12 . That is, the shifting of the outer anvil forming surface  732  relative to the inner anvil forming surface  734  occurs as the outer components  712  move from the first forming position to the second forming position. Further, as the outer components  712  move from the first position to the second position, a shifted material line  30  is formed in the blank. 
     That is, in operation, the outer punch  723  and the outer anvil  725  move toward each other and engage the blank. In one embodiment the outer punch  723  and the outer anvil  725  “clamp” the blank. As used herein, “clamp” means to secure a material, e.g., a blank, in a substantially fixed position so as not to permit the material to move (e.g., slide) or flow in at least one direction. Thus, as employed herein, a material that is “clamped” is secured in a substantially fixed position so as not to permit the material to move (e.g., slide) or flow in at least one direction, for example, the clamped material cannot move/flow between the outer punch  723  and the outer anvil  725 . In another embodiment, the outer punch  723  and the outer anvil  725  “progressively clamp” the blank. As used herein, to “progressively clamp” means to secure a material in a substantially fixed position while initially allowing material to move (e.g., slide) or flow in at least one direction through the “progressively clamped” area. As the force of the engagement increases, the amount of material that moves/flows through the “progressively clamped” area decreases until the amount is negligible. Thus, as employed herein, a material that is “progressively clamped” is secured in a substantially fixed position while allowing some material flow after initially being “progressively clamped” and wherein the force of the engagement increases so as to permit only a negligible amount of material to move/flow through the “progressively clamped” area. 
     After the blank is engaged, clamped, or progressively clamped, and because in the embodiment shown the second portion  34  (or the tear panel  24 ) has a positive shift, the inner anvil  726  moves toward the upper tooling  722 . As shown in  FIG. 34B  this action creates the shifted material line  30  which, in this embodiment, is a lance line  100 . Thus, the inner anvil  726  moves a distance toward the upper tooling  722  sufficient to separate the first portion  32  from the second portion  34 . Generally, the forming component(s) that forms the shifted material line  30  moves a distance sufficient to create a negligible shift, a minimal shift, a moderate shift, a maximum shift, or a spaced shift at the shifted material line  30 . These distances are, as used herein, a “negligible distance,” a “minimal distance,” a “moderate distance,” a “maximum distance,” or a “spaced distance,” respectively. In the exemplary embodiment shown, to form a lance line  100 , the inner anvil  726  moves a distance sufficient to create a spaced shift at the shifted material line  30 . 
     The lance station  704  described above is structured to, and does, create a lance line  100  in the blank. Other shifted material line stations  700  are structured to, and do, form one of a relief line, a shear line, a lance line, or a mingled line. That is, for example, a scoring station  560  combined with, or following a shifted material line station  700 , would be a shifted material line station  700  structured to form a relief line. That is in this embodiment, a scoring station  560  would be a relief score station structured to form a score at the shifted material line  30 . 
     The method of forming a venting assembly, as shown in  FIGS. 35A-35D , includes the following. Providing  1000  a generally planar metal blank, the blank including a product side  14  and a consumer side  16 , the blank having an initial thickness, forming  1100  an angled button  600 , forming  1200  a score adjacent the angled button  600 , and applying  1300  a sealing material at the score. The sealing material is, in an exemplary embodiment, a plastic or poly material such as, but not limited to, Plastisol. 
     Providing  1000  a generally planar metal blank, in an exemplary embodiment, includes providing  1002  a blank including a chime line and an offset, generally planar center panel, the center panel offset in a first direction. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, forming  1100  an angled button includes a number of the following. Forming  1102  a bubble, the bubble including a center, forming  1104  the bubble to be a flattened button, the flattened button having a center, wherein the flattened button center is offset from the bubble center. Forming  1106  a first bubble, wherein the first bubble has a dome radius between about 0.770 and 0.790 inch, and, a base radius between about 0.180 and 0.200 inch, and, forming  1108  the first bubble into a second bubble wherein the second bubble has a dome radius between about 0.520 and 0.540, and, a base radius between about 0.070 and 0.090 inch. Forming  1110  the second bubble into a flattened button includes forming  1112  the flattened button into an angled button. In an exemplary embodiment, forming  1110  the second bubble into a flattened button includes forming  1111  a cylindrical flattened button. Similarly, in an exemplary embodiment, forming  1112  the flattened button into an angled button includes forming  1113  a cylindrical angled button. Forming  1113  a cylindrical angled button includes forming  1120  a cylindrical angled button with one of a sharp base radius or a very sharp base radius as well as forming  1130  an angled button with a limited height. There is also the forming  1140  of an inner panel, wherein the inner panel is offset in the first direction a greater distance from the chime line than a blank&#39;s center panel, forming  1150  an angled button with a limited height, wherein the button does not extend above the chime line, and forming  1152  an angled button with a limited height, wherein the button does not extend above a blank&#39;s center panel. Further, there is forming  1160  a bead between the center panel and the inner panel, and, raising  1170  the angled button relative to the inner panel. That is, as used herein, “raising” means forming an offset in a direction opposite a prior offset. In an exemplary embodiment, the method includes not hemming  1180  the angled button. That is, as used herein, “not hemming” is a negative recitation wherein the angled button  600  is not hemmed. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, forming  1200  a score adjacent the angled button, in an exemplary embodiment, includes forming  1202  a main score, the main score disposed one of a limited distance or a very limited distance from the cylindrical angled button base radius. Further, forming  1200  a score adjacent the angled button, in an exemplary embodiment, includes forming  1204  a main score, the main score disposed a first distance from the cylindrical angled button base radius, and, forming  1206  an anti-fracture score, the anti-fracture score having one of a limited spacing from the main score or a very limited spacing from the main score, as well as forming  1208  a score structured to have one of a minimal score residual or a limited score residual. 
     Further, using the press assembly  510  described above, and as shown in  FIG. 35D , a method of forming a container closure  10  as described above includes providing  1400  a generally planar metal blank, the blank including a product side  14  and a consumer side  16 , the blank having an initial thickness, and, forming  1402  a shifted material line defining a container opening. In an exemplary embodiment, forming a shifted material line  1402  includes applying  1410  a sealing material at the shifted material line. Further, in an exemplary embodiment, forming a shifted material line  1402  includes forming  1420  one of a relief line, a shear line, a hidden shear line, a lance line, or a mingled line. Further, in an exemplary embodiment, forming a shifted material line  1402  includes: defining  1450  a tear panel and an end panel in the blank, and moving  1452  the tear panel to one of a positive position, a normal position, a negative position, or a mingled position. 
     The container closure  10 , the shifted material line  30 , as well as each embodiment thereof, the press assembly  510 , the shifted material line forming station  700 , and the disclosed method solve the problems stated above. 
     In another exemplary embodiment, shown in  FIGS. 36-36N , the container closure is a lid  10 A that includes a generally planar body  12 A having a product side  14 A and a customer side  16 A. As used herein, a “lid”  10 A is a container closure  10  that is structured to be, and is, removably coupled to a can body or jar (neither shown). It is understood that, as used herein, the terms “container closure” and “lid” are equivalent. In an exemplary embodiment, the lid  10 A includes a depending sidewall with interior threads (neither shown). The jar includes an upper opening with exterior threads. The lid  10 A interior threads are structured to, and do, engage the jar exterior threads. When the lid  10 A is coupled to the jar, an enclosed space is defined. As is known, a product disposed in the jar&#39;s enclosed space can be heated, e.g., for sterilization. When the jar cools, a vacuum or partial vacuum is created in the jar. The vacuum, or partial vacuum, draws the lid  10 A into engagement with the jar upper surface. Stated alternately, the lid  10 A is biased against the jar. To loosen the lid  10 A, a user must overcome this bias, or, the bias must be eliminated or reduced. As is known, the vacuum can be eliminated by creating an opening in the lid  10 A so as to allow atmosphere, or another fluid, into the jar. 
     Accordingly, a lid  10 A includes a body  12 A having a product side  14 A and a customer side  16 A. In an exemplary embodiment, the body is generally circular. The lid body  12 A includes an end panel  22 A and a tear panel  24 A as well as a depending sidewall  23 . That is, the depending sidewall  23  extends about the end panel  22 A. In an exemplary embodiment, the end panel  22 A further includes a centrally disposed button  600 , as described above. In this embodiment, the body  12 A further defines a limited container opening  20 A. As defined above, a limited container opening  20 A is defined by a number of score lines  190 . As used herein, “score line  190 ” means a generic score line  190 . Such generic score lines  190  can be included in other constructs and can be identified as being part of that construct by another reference number. The score line(s)  190  is/are, in one embodiment, a shifted material score line  90  as described above. In another embodiment, the score line(s)  190  is/are a traditional score line as opposed to a shifted material score line  90 . That is, as used herein, a “score line” is an area of a container closure body, such as lid body  12 A, wherein the body has been thinned by scoring at least one surface of the body  12 A. It is understood that when a score line  190  is acted upon with sufficient pressure, the body  12 A separates at the score line  190  thereby creating the opening  20 A. That is, the end panel  22 A and a tear panel  24 A separate at the opening  20 A. Thus, as used herein, an “opening” includes a potential opening, or not yet formed opening, defined by a score line. 
     In this embodiment, the number of score lines  190  are disposed adjacent and/or about the button  600 . Thus, the button  600  is the tear panel  24 A. It is understood that because the opening is a limited container opening  20 A, the button  600 /tear panel  24 A does not move significantly relative to the end panel  22 A. That is, the button  600 /tear panel  24 A only needs to move just enough to create the limited container opening  20 A. Further, it is understood that the button  600  is structured to be pressed by a user. Thus, the button  600  defines an actuation location  620 . That is, the lid body  12 A includes an actuation location  620 . 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the score line(s)  190  is/are part of a force concentrating construction  200 . In an exemplary embodiment, the force concentrating construction  200  includes a force directing score pattern  210  and a force focusing score  250 . In one embodiment, as shown, the force directing score pattern  210  includes a plurality of circular trapezoids  212  disposed about the button  600 . As used herein, when a “force directing score pattern  210  “includes” an identified pattern or shape, it means that a number of score lines  190  form the identified shape or pattern. Thus, in this embodiment, the force directing score pattern  210  includes score lines  190  disposed in the shapes of circular trapezoids  212 . Stated alternately, the circular trapezoids  212  are score lines  190  disposed in the specified shape. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 36A-36E , and in an exemplary embodiment, there are three circular trapezoids  212 A,  212 B,  212 C disposed about the button  600 . This is an exemplary embodiment and in other embodiments, the plurality of circular trapezoids  212  includes one of three circular trapezoids  212 , four circular trapezoids  212 , five circular trapezoids  212 , six circular trapezoids  212 , seven circular trapezoids  212  or eight circular trapezoids  212 . As shown, in an exemplary embodiment, the circular trapezoids  212  extend substantially about the button  600 . In another embodiment, not shown, the circular trapezoids  212  do not extend about the button  600 . That is, for example, two circular trapezoids  212  which each extend over an arc of about ninety degrees are disposed adjacent the button  600 . It is understood that to be a force directing score pattern  210 , the two circular trapezoids  212  are spaced so as to form a link  214 , discussed below. 
     In the embodiment shown, each circular trapezoid  212  extends over an arc of slightly less than 120 degrees. Further, the circular trapezoids  212  are spaced from each other along their radial sides. In this configuration, the spaces between the circular trapezoids  212  define links  214 . In an exemplary embodiment, the links are between about 0.020 inch and 0.200 inch, or are about 0.05 inch in width, i.e., the distance between the radial sides of the circular trapezoids  212 . Further, as shown, the circular trapezoids  212  include one circular trapezoid  212 C that has a contiguous perimeter while the other two circular trapezoids, a first circular trapezoid  212 A and a second circular trapezoid  212 B, have a broken perimeter. Each circular trapezoid  212  also includes an inner score line  216 . That is, each inner score line  216  is a score line  190  disposed within the perimeter of one of the circular trapezoids  212 . In an exemplary embodiment, the inner score lines  216  are generally curvilinear and/or arcuate. In an exemplary embodiment, the force directing score pattern  210  is disposed on the offset tier  606  disposed about the button  600 . 
     When the button  600  is actuated, i.e., pressed, the force is transferred through the button  600  and into the offset tier  606 . The force(s) in the offset tier  606  are directed to the links  214 . That is, the force is concentrated on the links  214 . As the force is concentrated at a specific location, less force is required to separate the end panel  22 A and a tear panel  24 A at the score line  190  disposed at a link  214 . This solves the problems stated above. 
     Further, in this embodiment, the force concentrating construction  200  includes a force focusing score  250 . The force focusing score  250  includes a first arcuate portion  252 , a generally arcuate nose  254 , and a second arcuate portion  256 . The first arcuate portion  252  and the second arcuate portion  256  form a general arc that is an “overall generally straight curvilinear line” as defined above. The nose  254  is disposed between, and is contiguous with, the first arcuate portion  252  and the second arcuate portion  256 . The nose  254  is the curvilinear incongruous medial portion that, when associated with an overall generally straight curvilinear line, defines a force focusing score  250 . That is, the shape of the score  190  shown in  FIGS. 36A and 36B  as a force focusing score  250  meets the definition of a “force focusing score” used herein. That is, a score  190  in this configuration focuses a force applied thereto at the nose  254 . Thus, less force is required to open a force focusing score  250  relative to scores  190  of other shapes such as, but not limited to, a generally curvilinear score. In this configuration, the end panel  22 A and the tear panel  24 A separate at least at the nose  254  thereby opening the limited container opening  20 A. 
     The nose  254  is disposed adjacent the perimeter of the button  600 . In an exemplary embodiment, the nose  254  is disposed within one of 0.010 inch, 0.020 inch, 0.025 inch, 0.30 inch or 0.35 inch of the perimeter of the button  600 . As shown, and in an exemplary embodiment, the force focusing score  250  extends across a link  214  and into two of the circular trapezoids  212 A,  212 B. That is, the force focusing score  250  extends through the gap in the perimeter of the circular trapezoids  212 A,  212 B so that the first arcuate portion  252  is disposed within the first circular trapezoid  212 A, and, the second arcuate portion  256  is disposed within the second circular trapezoid  212 B. In this configuration, and for the reasons noted above, the force applied by a user is concentrated on the link  214  focused on the nose  254 . As such, less force is required to separate the score  190  at the nose  254 . Further, when a force is applied to the button  600 , the end panel  22 A and the tear panel  24 A separate at the nose  254  forming the limited container opening  20 A. The limited container opening  20 A allows atmosphere to enter the enclosed space of the jar and reduces the force of engagement between the lid  12 A and the jar. This solves the problems stated above. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, force concentrating construction  200  also includes a number of anti-fracture scores  258 . Each anti-fracture score  258  is disposed adjacent to an associated force focusing score  250 . In an exemplary embodiment, each anti-fracture score  258  has a shape that generally corresponds to the shape of the associated force focusing score  250 . 
     In an exemplary embodiment, each score  190  in the force directing score pattern  210  has a residual. As is known, and as used herein, the “residual” is the thickness of the material at the score  190  following scoring operations. As is known, and in an exemplary embodiment, the anti-fracture scores  258 , have greater residual than the scores  190  of the force directing score pattern  210  and the force focusing score  250 . As shown, the anti-fracture scores  258  are about 0.001 inch less deep than the force directing score pattern  210  and the force focusing score  250 . That is, the residual of the anti-fracture scores  258  is about 0.001 inch thicker than the residual of the force directing score pattern  210  and the force focusing score  250 . 
     In an exemplary embodiment, shown in  FIGS. 39A and 40A , discussed below, the button  600  includes a force application indicia  270 . A force application indicia  270  is structured to, and does, indicate a more effective location whereat a force is applied. In an exemplary embodiment, the force application indicia  270  is a pointed shape  272  that is embossed (raised upwardly) or debossed (indented) in a generally planar upper surface of the button  600 . One raised or indented point of the pointed shape  272  is disposed adjacent, or immediately adjacent, the link  214  upon which the force focusing score  250  is disposed. Alternatively, the force application indicia  270  is a hemisphere, or similar shape, embossed or debossed in the generally planar upper surface of the button  600  adjacent, or immediately adjacent, the link  214  upon which the force focusing score  250  is disposed. Further, the force application indicia  270  is a marking (not shown) applied to the button  600  such as printed mark, a painted mark, a decal, or similar construct. 
     Variations of the configuration of the force concentrating construction  200  are shown in  FIGS. 37A-37E, 38A-38C, 39A-39D, and 40A-40C . For example, in  FIGS. 37A and 37B  the force concentrating construction  200  includes only the force focusing score  250  and an associated anti-fracture score  258  as described above. In  FIGS. 38A and 38B , the force concentrating construction  200  includes four force focusing scores  250  disposed about the button  600 . Further, as shown and in an exemplary embodiment, the four force focusing scores  250  are disposed so that the noses  254  thereof are disposed about ninety degrees apart about the perimeter of the button  600 . It is understood that four force focusing scores  250  are examples and any number of force focusing scores  250  can be disposed about the button  600 . 
     It is understood that a press assembly  510 , as discussed above, includes a number of scoring stations  560  structured to form the scores  190  that are part of the force concentrating construction  200 . Further, the scoring stations  560  include scoring blades (not shown) coupled to the upper tooling  522 , as described above. 
     While specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and alternatives to those details could be developed in light of the overall teachings of the disclosure. Accordingly, the particular arrangements disclosed are meant to be illustrative only and not limiting as to the scope of invention which is to be given the full breadth of the claims appended and any and all equivalents thereof.