Patent Publication Number: US-7708876-B2

Title: Heavy fuel oil

Description:
This application is a national phase application of International Application No. PCT/RU2006/000364, international filing date Jul. 11, 2006 which claims priority to Patent Application of Russian Federation No. 2005122581, filed Jul. 18, 2005. These documents are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to oil processing, more particularly to a composition of a fuel oil, such as heavy fuel oil that may be used in marine power units and boiler plants. 
     A heavy fuel oil is known which comprises a distillate of asphalt thermal cracking and a deasphalting residue in the ratio from 30:70 to 50:50 (SU 1575560, C 10 L 1/04, 1999). 
     However, this fuel may be unstable and does not possess required viscosity-temperature properties. 
     Another type of available fuel is a heavy fuel oil that comprises a viscosity breaking residue of heavy oil fractions and deasphalted heavy oil fractions in the ratio from 70:30 to 90:10. In some instances, this fuel may contain light oil fractions as described in JP 60-123554, C 08 L 91/00, 1985. 
     In Russia, however, deasphalted oil fractions are mainly used as raw stock in production of lubricants, and their availability is limited. 
     Another known heavy fuel oil is based on the viscosity breaking residue of a black oil and tar mixture having the boiling temperature range from 360° C.-KK and comprises 1-5% by wt. of an extract from the process of selective extraction of gas oil, up to 10% by wt. of heavy catalytic cracking gas oil, up to 2% by wt. of a residual component obtained from the process of deasphalting oils with propane, and 0.5-2.5% by wt. of slop wax (RU 2185415, C 10 L 1/04, 2002). 
     A disadvantage of the said technical solution is that the use of a residual component obtained in the process of oils deasphalting with propane in its composition leads to a significant increase in viscosity and a higher pour point of the fuel. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Two objectives of the present disclosure are to lower the viscosity and improve the stability of a heavy fuel oil. 
     Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows. The objects and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. 
     It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     A fuel oil of the present disclosure comprises viscosity breaking residue of heavy oil fractions, an extract from the selective extraction of gas oil, heavy catalytic cracking gas oil, vacuum gas oil, tar or topped residuum and straight-run black oil in the following component ratio, in percent by wt.: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Extract from the selective extraction of gas oil 
                 3-5  
               
               
                   
                 Heavy catalytic cracking gas oil 
                 3-10 
               
               
                   
                 Vacuum gas oil 
                 5-10 
               
               
                   
                 Tar or topped residuum 
                 3-10 
               
               
                   
                 Straight-run black oil 
                 10-20  
               
               
                   
                 Viscosity breaking residue of heavy oil fractions 
                 the rest. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In another embodiment, the fuel oil of the present disclosure may comprise 0.02-0.10% by wt. of a pour-point depressant. 
     The fuel oil of the present disclosure is characterized by that the fuel composition comprises vacuum gas oil, tar or topped residuum and straight-run black oil in the claimed ratio. 
     The selected combination of the components and their ratio are able, for example, to achieve a stable fuel oil having improved viscosity properties. Further, the inclusion of the above components into the fuel composition may enable to expand the range of heavy fuel oils produced for marine and boiler plant applications. 
     In one embodiment, the fuel oil of the present disclosure may be prepared by mixing the components through agitation. 
     Three specimens of the fuel oil of the present disclosure were prepared according to the said method. 
     The characteristics of the components used for preparing the said fuel specimens are shown in Table 1. 
     A tar viscosity breaking residue was used in preparing specimens of the fuel oil of the present disclosure. 
     In one embodiment, an additive on the basis of copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate may be used as a pour-point depressant, for example those known in the field, such as, Paradin-70, ECA-7433. In preparing the fuel specimens the Paradin-70 additive was used. 
     The compositions of the inventive fuel specimens and their quality indices are shown in Table 2. 
     The data from Table 2 confirms that the specimens of the fuel oil of the present disclosure may comply with the Specifications for high-viscosity marine fuel oil (TU 3810113114) and with the national standard for boiler plant fuel oil (GOST 10585-75). 
     It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPONENTS USED FOR PREPARING 
               
               
                 SPECIMENS OF THE INVENTIVE HEAVY FUEL OIL 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Viscosity 
                 Extract from 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 breaking 
                 selective 
                 Heavy catalytic 
                 Vacuum 
                   
                 Topped 
               
               
                 Item 
                 PARAMETERS 
                 residue 
                 treatment of oils 
                 cracking gas oil 
                 gas oil 
                 Tar 
                 residuum 
                 Black oil 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1. 
                 Pour point, ° C. 
                 34 
                 30 
                 22 
                 21 
                 19 
                 18 
                 26 
               
               
                 2. 
                 Conditional viscosity at: 
               
               
                   
                 80° C. 
                 43.3 
                 33.8 
                 1.47 
                 2.10 
                 — 
                 19.5 
                 14.2 
               
               
                   
                 100° C. 
                 16.5 
                 12.6 
                 1.31 
                 1.66 
                 70 
                 8.2 
                 6.05 
               
               
                 3. 
                 Cinematic viscosity, 
               
               
                   
                 mm 2 /sec at: 
               
               
                   
                 80° C., 
                 330 
                 250 
                 5.9 
                 13.0 
                 — 
                 150 
                 107 
               
               
                   
                 100° C. 
                 124 
                 88 
                 4.02 
                 7.6 
                 530 
                 60 
                 45.6 
               
               
                 4. 
                 Mass fraction of sulfur, % 
                 2.8 
                 1.9 
                 1.6 
                 1.8 
                 3.0 
                 2.5 
                 2.6 
               
               
                   
                 Coking ability, % 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 COMPOSITIONS OF THE SPECIMENS OF THE INVENTIVE 
               
               
                 HEAVY FUEL OIL AND THEIR QUALITY INDICES 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Component content, % by wt. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 Specimen 
                 Specimen 
                 Specimen 
               
               
                 Item 
                 COMPONENTS 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1. 
                 Extract from the selective 
                 3 
                 4 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 extraction of gas oil 
               
               
                 2. 
                 Heavy catalytic cracking 
                 3 
                 6 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                 gas oil 
               
               
                 3. 
                 Vacuum gas oil 
                 5 
                 5 
                 10 
               
               
                 4. 
                 Tar 
                 5 
                 — 
                 3 
               
               
                 5. 
                 Topped residuum 
                 — 
                 10 
                 — 
               
               
                 6. 
                 Black oil 
                 10 
                 15 
                 20 
               
               
                 7. 
                 Pour-point depressant 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.10 
               
               
                 8. 
                 Viscosity breaking residue 
                 The rest 
                 The rest 
                 The rest 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 QUALITY INDICES 
                 VALUES 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1. 
                 Conditional viscosity at 
                 46.5 
                 30.6 
                 50.1 
               
               
                   
                 100° C., CV degrees 
               
               
                 2. 
                 Cinematic viscosity at 
                 330 
                 230 
                 360 
               
               
                   
                 100° C., mm 2 /sec 
               
               
                 3. 
                 Pour point, ° C. 
                 30 
                 26 
                 15 
               
               
                 4. 
                 Mass fraction of sulfur, % 
                 2.69 
                 2.58 
                 2.30 
               
               
                 5. 
                 Stability: 
               
               
                   
                 spot 
                 2 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 total residue at chemical 
                 0.02 
                 0.01 
                 0.005 
               
               
                   
                 ageing, %