Patent Publication Number: US-2023154605-A1

Title: Medical devices for treating medical conditions

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This patent application is a continuation of U.S. Nonprovisional application Ser. No. 16,229,299, filed Dec. 21, 2018, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 62/609,807 filed 22 Dec. 2017; the complete disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes as if copied and pasted herein. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This description relates to medical devices. 
     BACKGROUND 
     There is a desire for a technology to enable an initial provisioning and a refilling of a medical device, such as a non-invasive neurostimulator. However, such technology does not exist. Therefore, this disclosure enables such technology. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to an embodiment of this disclosure, a system comprises: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory stores a first content; a medical device coupled to the processor; and a reader coupled to the processor, wherein the reader is configured to read a second content from a storage medium other than the memory such that the processor switches the medical device from a first mode to a second mode based on the first content corresponding to the second content. 
     According to an embodiment of this disclosure, a method comprises: causing, via a processor, a memory to store a first content; causing, via the processor, a reader to read a second content from a storage medium other than the memory; and causing, via the processor, a medical device to switch from a first mode to a second mode based on the first content corresponding to the second content. 
     According to an embodiment of this disclosure, a method comprises: obtaining, via a point-of-sale (POS) terminal, a first content uniquely associated with a medical device; retrieving, via the POS terminal, a second content from a record of a database; writing, via the POS terminal, the first content into the record such that the first content is associated with the second content in the record; and taking an action with respect to the medical device responsive to the writing. 
     According to an embodiment of this disclosure, a method comprises: retrieving, via a point-of-sale (POS) terminal, a first content and a second content from a record of a database, wherein the first content is uniquely associated with a medical device; and programming, via the POS terminal, a storage medium based on the first content and the second content such that the medical device can be switched from a first mode to a second mode based on the storage medium being in proximity of the medical device. 
     According to an embodiment of this disclosure, a method comprises: causing, via a processor, a reader to read a content from a storage medium; causing, via the processor, a medical device to be switched from a first mode to a second mode; tracking, via the processor, a use of the medical device in the second mode; causing, via the processor, the medical device to be switched from the second mode to the first mode in response to a threshold being satisfied based on the use. 
     Note that this disclosure is embodied in various forms illustrated in a set of accompanying illustrative drawings and variations are contemplated as being a part of this disclosure, limited only by a scope of various claims recited below. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       The set of accompanying illustrative drawings shows various example embodiments of this disclosure. Such drawings are not to be construed as necessarily limiting this disclosure. Like numbers and/or similar numbering scheme can refer to like and/or similar elements throughout. 
         FIG.  1 A  shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a system containing a medical device and an input device according to this disclosure. 
         FIG.  1 B  shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a system containing a neurostimulator and a reader according to this disclosure. 
         FIG.  1 C  shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a system containing a neurostimulator and a transceiver according to this disclosure. 
         FIG.  2    shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a network diagram for initially provisioning and refilling a system containing a medical device according to this disclosure. 
         FIG.  3    shows a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for initially provisioning a system containing a medical device according to this disclosure. 
         FIG.  4    shows a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for refilling a system containing a medical device according to this disclosure. 
         FIG.  5    shows a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for using a system containing a medical device according to this disclosure. 
         FIGS.  6 A,  6 B  show an embodiment of a technique for pairing a patient/card and a medical device thereby establishing a master patient/card to device mapping according to this disclosure. 
         FIG.  6 C  shows an embodiment of a graphical user interface (GUI) for programming a storage medium according to this disclosure. 
         FIG.  7    shows an embodiment of a kit according to this disclosure. 
         FIGS.  8 A- 8 G  show an embodiment of a process of pairing a patient/card and a medical device thereby establishing a master patient/card to device mapping according to this disclosure. 
         FIGS.  9 A- 9 J  show an embodiment of a neurostimulator according to this disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Generally, this disclosure discloses a system that includes a medical device, such as a neurostimulator, and an input device, such as a reader, where the medical device is associated with a first content, such as in a one-to-one correspondence. The input device is configured to obtain a second content from a storage medium, such as a card, and then enable the medical device to be switched from a first mode, such as a deactivated mode, to a second mode, such as an activated mode, based on the first content corresponding to the second content, such as logically. Note though that this disclosure is now described more fully with reference to the set of accompanying illustrative drawings, in which example embodiments of this disclosure are shown. This disclosure can be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as necessarily being limited to the example embodiments disclosed herein. Rather, the example embodiments are provided so that this disclosure is thorough and complete, and fully conveys various concepts of this disclosure to those skilled in a relevant art. 
       FIG.  1 A  shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a system containing a medical device and an input device according to this disclosure.  FIG.  1 B  shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a system containing a neurostimulator and a reader according to this disclosure.  FIG.  1 C  shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a system containing a neurostimulator and a transceiver according to this disclosure. In particular, in  FIG.  1 A , a system  100 A includes a housing  102 , a processor  104 , a memory  106 , a medical device  108 , and an input device  110 . The system  100 A is powered via a power source, such as a rechargeable or single-use battery, a mains powerline, a photovoltaic cell, a fluid turbine, or others. For example, when the system  100 A is powered via the battery, then the battery can be positioned interior or exterior to the housing  102 , yet securely supported via the housing  102  (e.g., fastening, mating, interlocking, adhering, hook-and-looping). For example, the battery can be rechargeable, whether over a wired, wireless, or waveguide connection, such as via a wireless charger housed or coupled to the housing  102 . Similarly, when the system  100 A is powered via the mains powerline, then the system  100 A includes a conductive wire (e.g., copper, aluminum) or a cable (e.g., coaxial, data communication) spanning between the housing  102  and the mains powerline, with the conductive wire or the cable being coupled (e.g., mechanically, electrically) the housing  102 , such as via a plug, a socket, a junction box, a pigtail, or others, and the mains powerline, such as via a plug, a socket, a junction box, a pigtail, or others. 
     The housing  102  houses (e.g., internally, externally) the processor  104 , the memory  106 , the medical device  108 , and the input device  110 . The housing  102  can include plastic, metal, rubber, or others. The housing  102  can be rigid, elastic, resilient, or flexible. For example, the housing  102  can be included in or embodied as a phone, a tablet, a laptop, a phone/tablet/laptop case, a patch, an adhesive bandage, a strip, an anklet, a belt, a bracelet, a necklace, a garment, a pad, a ring, a mattress, a pillow, a blanket, a robot, a surgical instrument, a stimulator, an infusion device, or others. For example, the housing  102  can be embodied as described in US Patent Application Publication 20140330336 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,874,205, 9,174,066, 9,205,258, 9,375,571, and 9,427,581, all of which are herein incorporated by reference for all purposes as if copied and pasted herein, such as all structures, all functions, and all methods of manufacture and use, as disclosed therein. As such, the medical device  108  can be embodied as described in US Patent Application Publication 20140330336 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,874,205, 9,174,066, 9,205,258, 9,375,571, and 9,427,581, all of which are herein incorporated by reference for all purposes as if copied and pasted herein, such as all structures, all functions, and all methods of manufacture and use, as disclosed therein. 
     In some embodiments, the housing  102  includes a plurality of housings  102 , where the processor  104 , the memory  106 , the medical device  108 , and the input device  110  are distributed (e.g., internally, externally) among the housings  102  in any permutational or combinatory manner. For example, one of the housings  102  may include the processor  104 , the memory  106 , whereas another of the housings  102  may include the medical device  108 , and the input device  110 , where the one of the housings  102  and the another of the housings  102  are signally coupled to each other, such as via wiring, wireless, transceivers, waveguides, or others. For example, one of the housings  102  may include the processor  104 , the memory  106 , and the medical device  108 , whereas another of the housings  102  may include the input device  110 , where the one of the housings  102  and the another of the housings  102  are signally coupled to each other, such as via wiring, wireless, transceivers, waveguides, or others. 
     In some embodiments, the housing  102  is anti-tamper, such as via a mechanic or chemical technique. Note that anti-tamper includes at least one of a tamper resistance, a tamper detection, a tamper response, or a tamper evidence. For example, the housing  102  can be mechanically anti-tamper via including a screw that can be operated with a non-standard bit. For example, the housing  102  can be chemically anti-tamper via including a tamper evident seal. 
     The processor  104  is coupled to the memory  106 , the medical device  108 , and the input device  110 , such as via wiring, wireless, transceivers, waveguides, or others. The processor  104  can include a single core or multicore processor. The processor  104  can be included in or be a controller, such as a programmable logic controller (PLC) or others. The processor  104  can be distinct from the medical device  108  or be a component of the medical device  108 . 
     The memory  106 , whether volatile or non-volatile, is at least one of a mechanical memory, such as a punch card or others, or a semiconductor memory, such as a flash memory or others. The memory  106  can be distinct from the medical device  108  or be a component of the medical device  108 . The memory  106  can receive, such as via a physical recordation, a wired or wireless connection, or others, and store a logic, such as projections, depressions, holes, modules, objects, programs, apps, firmware, microcode, or other forms of instruction, for execution via the processor  104 . For example, the logic can be programmed or input via a (1) a manufacturer of the system  100 A, (2) a distributor of the system  100 A, (3) a retailer of the system  100 A, (4) a wholesaler of the system  100 A, or (5) a user of the system  100 A, such as a medical service provider, a patient, or others. For example, a pharmacist can receive the system  100 A programmed for use with a specific medical condition, disease, or disorder or a specific dosage or a specific patient or the pharmacist can receive the system  100 A without being programmed for use with a specific medical condition, disease, or disorder or a specific dosage or a specific patient and then the pharmacist can program for use with a specific medical condition, disease, or disorder or a specific dosage or a specific patient, as disclosed herein. For example, a pharmacist or assistant thereof can program, such as over a wired or wireless connection, the logic via a pharmacy electronic terminal, which can include an electronic payment device, such as a payment card reader, a mobile phone wallet reader, a currency input device, a bill acceptor, a cash register, or others, or via a point-of-sale (POS) system, which may include some, most, or all of foregoing, and can be positioned in a customer interaction area or a back pharmacy or restricted personnel area, or others. Such programming can include input or modification of (1) patient identification information, such as personal information, biometrics (e.g., fingerprint, retina scan), or others, (2) medical condition, disease, or disorder type, (3) prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, amelioration, or treatment information, such as medical device operation parameters, such as dosages, timing, or others. For example, the logic can be executed via the processor  104 , such as to authenticate users, to use or to track use of the medical device  108  for at least one of prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, amelioration, or treatment, to modify prescription data, to switch the medical device  108  between a plurality of modes, to communicate with other devices, accessories, peripherals, to reconfigure, retrofit, or update the medical device  108 , or others. 
     The memory  106  also stores a first content, such as an activation code, a set of prescription data, a set of dosage/frequency of use data, or others, that is associated with the medical device  108 , such as uniquely or others. For example, the first content can include a content (e.g., barcode, text, image, sound) that is unique with respect to other similar medical devices  108 , such as a serial number, a device identifier, a device parameter, or others, or a plurality of medical devices listed in a database, as disclosed herein. The first content can be stored internal or external to the logic stored in the memory  106 . The first content can be of any type, such as an alphanumeric, an image, a barcode, a sound, a data structure, a projection, a depression, a hole, or any others. The first content can be formatted in any manner, such as binary, denary, hexadecimal, or others. 
     The medical device  108  can include a sensor, such as one or more sensors, such as, for example, bio-sensors, feedback sensors, chemical sensors, optical sensors, acoustic sensors, vibration sensors, motion sensors, fluid sensors, radiation sensors, temperature sensors, motion sensors, proximity sensors, fluid sensors, or others. The sensor can be used to sense and detect various properties, conditions, and/or characteristics or variations to same or lack thereof. The sensor may generate an output, such as one or more outputs, which are communicated, via wire, wirelessly, or waveguide, to the medical device  108 , a base station, processor, server, or other logic or computing device. The output may be used as an input to one or more of the foregoing devices to forecast or avert an imminent onset or predicted upcoming onset of a symptom, episode, condition or disease. For example, as disclosed in U.S. Patent App. Pub. No. 2017/0120052, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for at least these purposes as if copied and pasted herein, as disclosed herein, and for all purposes as if copied and pasted herein, such as all structures, all functions, and all methods of manufacture and use, as disclosed therein. 
     The medical device  108  can be of any type to at least one of prevent, diagnose, monitor, ameliorate, or treat a medical condition, a disease, or a disorder of a patient, such as a mammal, such as an animal, such as a human, whether male or female, whether infant, child, adult, or elderly, or others. 
     For example, the medical device  108  can be configured to prevent, diagnose, monitor, ameliorate, or treat a neurological condition, such as epilepsy, headache/migraine, whether primary or secondary, whether cluster or tension, neuralgia, seizures, vertigo, dizziness, concussion, aneurysm, palsy, Parkinson&#39;s disease, Alzheimer&#39;s disease, or others, as understood to skilled artisans and which are only omitted here for brevity. 
     For example, the medical device  108  can be configured to prevent, diagnose, monitor, ameliorate, or treat neurological, neuropsychological, or neuropsychiatric activity, such as a modulation of neuronal function or processing to affect a functional outcome. The modulation of neuronal function can be useful with regard to diagnosing, monitoring, preventing, treating, or ameliorating neurological, psychiatric, psychological, conscious state, behavioral, mood, or thought activity. For example, this activity can manifests itself in a form of a disorder, such as attention or cognitive disorders (e.g., Autistic Spectrum Disorders), mood disorder (e.g., major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, dysthymic disorder), anxiety disorder (e.g., panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobic disorder); neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer&#39;s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson&#39;s disease, Huntington&#39;s Disease, Guillain-Barre syndrome, myasthenia gravis, and chronic idiopathic demyelinating disease (CID)), movement disorders (e.g., dyskinesia, tremor, dystonia, chorea and ballism, tic syndromes, Tourette&#39;s Syndrome, myoclonus, drug-induced movement disorders, Wilson&#39;s Disease, Paroxysmal Dyskinesias, Stiff Man Syndrome and Akinetic-Ridgid Syndromes and Parkinsonism), epilepsy, tinnitus, pain, phantom pain, diabetes neuropathy, enhancing or diminishing any neurological or psychiatric function not just an abnormality or disorder or others, as understood to skilled artisans and which are only omitted here for brevity. Neurological activity that may be modulated can include normal functions, such as alertness, conscious state, drive, fear, anger, anxiety, repetitive behavior, impulses, urges, obsessions, euphoria, sadness, and the fight or flight response, as well as instability, vertigo, dizziness, fatigue, photophobia, concentration dysfunction, memory disorders, headache, dizziness, irritability, fatigue, visual disturbances, sensitivity to noise (misophonia, hyperacusis, phonophobia), judgment problems, depression, symptoms of traumatic brain injury (whether physical, emotional, social, or chemical), autonomic functions, which includes sympathetic or parasympathetic functions (e.g., control of heart rate), somatic functions, or enteric functions. 
     For example, the medical device  108  can be configured to prevent, diagnose, monitor, ameliorate, or treat a neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimer&#39;s disease, Parkinson&#39;s disease, multiple sclerosis, postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and postoperative delirium, or others, as understood to skilled artisans and which are only omitted here for brevity. 
     For example, the medical device  108  can be configured to prevent, diagnose, monitor, ameliorate, or treat an inflammatory disorder, such as Alzheimer&#39;s disease, ankylosing spondylitis, arthritis (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis), asthma, atherosclerosis, Crohn&#39;s disease, colitis, dermatitis, diverticulitis, fibromyalgia, hepatitis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), nephritis, Parkinson&#39;s disease, ulcerative colitis, chronic peptic ulcer, tuberculosis, periodontitis, sinusitis, hepatitis, or others, as understood to skilled artisans and which are only omitted here for brevity. 
     For example, the medical device  108  can be configured to prevent, diagnose, monitor, ameliorate, or treat a gastrointestinal condition, such as ileus, irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn&#39;s disease, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or others, as understood to skilled artisans and which are only omitted here for brevity. 
     For example, the medical device  108  can be configured to prevent, diagnose, monitor, ameliorate, or treat a bronchial disorder, such as asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, or others, as understood to skilled artisans and which are only omitted here for brevity. 
     For example, the medical device  108  can be configured to prevent, diagnose, monitor, ameliorate, or treat a coronary artery disease, heart attack, arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, or others, as understood to skilled artisans and which are only omitted here for brevity. 
     For example, the medical device  108  can be configured to prevent, diagnose, monitor, ameliorate, or treat a urinary disorder, such as urinary incontinence, urinalysis, overactive bladder, or others, as understood to skilled artisans and which are only omitted here for brevity. 
     For example, the medical device  108  can be configured to prevent, diagnose, monitor, ameliorate, or treat a cancer, such as bladder cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, colon or rectal cancer, skin cancer, thyroid cancer, brain cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lymphoma, pancreatic cancer, or others, as understood to skilled artisans and which are only omitted here for brevity. 
     For example, the medical device  108  can be configured to prevent, diagnose, monitor, ameliorate, or treat a metabolic disorder, such as diabetes (type 1, type 2, or gestational), Gaucher&#39;s disease, sick cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, hemochromatosis, or others, as understood to skilled artisans and which are only omitted here for brevity. 
     The medical device  108  can be configured to output an energy via an energy source of the medical device  108 , such as a mechanical energy via an actuation source (e.g., actuator) of the medical device  108 , an electrical energy via a current or voltage source (e.g. electrode) of the medical device  108 , an electromagnetic energy via an impulse source (e.g., generator) of the medical device  108 , a thermal energy via a heating (e.g., heating element) or cooling (e.g., ice pack, fan) source of the medical device  108 , an acoustic energy via an acoustic source (e.g., speaker, transducer) of the medical device  108 , or a light energy via a light source (e.g., bulb, laser beam generator) of the medical device  108 . For example, as shown in  FIG.  1 B , the medical device  108  can include a neurostimulator  108 B, whether invasive, non-invasive, or hybrid. For example, the neurostimulator  108 B can be embodied as described in US Patent Application Publication 2014/0330336 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,874,205, 9,037,247, 9,174,066, 9,205,258, 9,375,571, and 9,427,581, all of which are herein incorporated by reference for all purposes as if copied and pasted herein, such as all structures, all functions, and all methods of manufacture and use, as disclosed therein. For example, the neurostimulator can modulate central or peripheral nervous systems. For example, the neurostimulator can be enable spinal cord stimulation to provide therapy for intractable pain and refractory angina; occipital nerve stimulation to provide therapy for occipital neuralgia and transformed migraine; afferent vagus nerve modulation to provide therapy for a host of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as epilepsy, depression, Parkinson&#39;s disease, bulemia, anxiety/obsessive compulsive disorders, Alzheimer&#39;s disease, autism, and neurogenic pain; efferent vagus nerve stimulation for rate control in atrial fibrillation, and to provide therapy for congestive heart failure; gastric nerves or gastric wall stimulation to provide therapy for obesity; sacral nerve stimulation to provide therapy for urinary urge incontinence; deep brain stimulation to provide therapy for Parkinson&#39;s disease, and other neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders; cavernous nerve stimulation to provide therapy for erectile dysfunction. However, as explained herein, note that the medical device  108  can be of any type or modality for at least one of prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, amelioration, or treatment of a medical condition, disease, or a disorder of a patient. For example, the medical device  108  can be configured to output a fluid, such as a liquid, a suspension, or a gas. For example, the medical device  108  can be configured to output a gel, a powder, or a foam. For example, the medical device  108  can be configured to increase or decrease pressure or provide physical support, whether internal or external to a patient. An example of a device that can be used is a mechanical actuator, vibration device, piezoelectric device, electric motor (e.g., brushed, brushless) or engine (e.g., combustion) or any other force generator, applicator, or output device. 
     The medical device  108  can be configured to prevent, diagnose, monitor, ameliorate, or treat a medical condition, a disease, or a disorder of a patient based on a contact with or output of an energy (e.g., mechanical, electrical, thermal, acoustic, photonic) or a fluid (e.g., liquid, gas, gel, suspension, solution) or powder to various organ systems of human body or any components thereof. These organ systems can include a muscular system, such as human skeleton, joints, ligaments, or tendons. 
     These organ systems can include a digestive system, such as mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, mesentery, pancreas, anal canal and anus, or appendix. These organ systems can include a respiratory system, such as nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, or diaphragm. These organ systems can include a urinary system, such as kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra. These organ systems can include a reproductive system, such as female reproductive system, ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, clitoris, placenta, male reproductive system, testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands, penis, or scrotum. These organ systems can include an endocrine system, such as pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, or pancreas. These organ systems can include a circulatory system, such as heart, patent foramen ovale, arteries, veins, or capillaries. These organ systems can include a lymphatic system, such as lymphatic vessel, lymph node, bone marrow, thymus, spleen, or gut-associated lymphoid tissue. These organ systems can include a nervous system, such as brain, brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord, ventricular system, peripheral nervous system, nerves, sensory organs, eye, ear, olfactory epithelium, or tongue. These organ systems can include integumentary system, such as mammary glands, skin, or subcutaneous tissue. 
     The medical device  108  can be configured to prevent, diagnose, monitor, ameliorate, or treat a medical condition, a disease, or a disorder of a patient based on a contact with or output of an energy (e.g., mechanical, electrical, thermal, acoustic, photonic) or a fluid (e.g., liquid, gas, gel, suspension, solution) or powder to various muscles of human body or any components thereof. These muscle systems include These muscle systems include forehead/eyelid, such as occipitofrontalis, occipitalis, frontalis, orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilii, or depressor supercilii. These muscle systems include extraocular muscles, such as levator palpebrae superioris, superior tarsal, rectus muscles, or oblique muscles. These muscle systems include ear, such as auriculares, temporoparietalis, stapedius, or tensor tympani. These muscle systems include nose, such as procerus, nasalis, dilator naris, depressor septi nasi, or levator labii superioris alaeque nasi. These muscle systems include mouth, such as levator anguli oris, depressor anguli oris, levator labii superioris, depressor labii, inferioris, mentalis, buccinator, orbicularis oris, risorius, or zygomatic muscles. These muscle systems include mastication, such as masseter, temporalis, or pterygoid muscles. These muscle systems include tongue, such as genioglossus, hyoglossus, chondroglossus, styloglossus, or palatoglossus. These muscle systems include intrinsic, such as superior longitudinal, transversus, inferior longitudinal, or verticalis muscle. These muscle systems include soft palate, such as levator veli palatini, tensor veli palatini, musculus uvulae, palatoglossus, or palatopharyngeus. These muscle systems include pharynx, such as stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, or pharyngeal muscles. These muscle systems include larynx, such as cricothyroid, arytenoid, thyroarytenoid, or cricoarytenoid muscles. These muscle systems include clavicular, such as platysma, or sternocleidomastoid. These muscle systems include suprahyoid, such as digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, or geniohyoid. These muscle systems include anterior, such as longus colli, longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior, or rectus capitis lateralis. These muscle systems include lateral, such as scalene muscles, levator scapulae, rectus capitis lateralis, obliquus capitis superior, or obliquus capitis inferior. These muscle systems include posterior, such as rectus capitis posterior minor, rectus capitis posterior major, semispinalis capitis, longissimus capitis, splenius capitis, obliquus capitis superior, or obliquus capitis inferior. These muscle systems include back, such as erector spinae, latissimus dorsi, transversospinales, interspinales, intertransversarii, or splenius muscles. These muscle systems include chest, such as intercostals, subcostales, transversus thoracis, levatores costarum, serratus posterior muscles, diaphragm. These muscle systems include abdomen, such as transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, pyramidalis, cremaster, quadratus lumborum, or oblique muscles. These muscle systems include pelvis, such as coccygeus, or levator ani. These muscle systems include perineum, such as sphincter ani, superficial perineal pouch, or deep perineal pouch. These muscle systems include vertebral column, such as trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboids, or levator scapulae. These muscle systems include thoracic walls, such as pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius, or serratus anterior. These muscle systems include shoulder, such as deltoid, teres major, rotator cuff, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, or subscapularis. These muscle systems include arm anterior compartment, such as coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, or brachialis. These muscle systems include arm posterior compartment, such as triceps brachii, or anconeus. These muscle systems include forearm anterior compartment, such as pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, pronator quadratus, flexor digitorum profundus, or flexor pollicis longus. These muscle systems include forearm posterior compartment, such as extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, mobile wad, supinator, extensor indicis, anatomical snuff box, or extensor pollicis brevis. These muscle systems include hand such as opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, adductor pollicis, palmaris brevis, hypothenar, lumbrical, dorsal interossei, or palmar interossei. These muscle systems include lower limb, such as iliopsoas, tensor fasciae latae, gluteal muscles, lateral rotator group, superior gemellus, articularis genus, sartorius, quadriceps femoris, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, or adductor muscles of the hip. These muscle systems include leg, such as tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius, triceps surae, popliteus, tarsal tunnel, longus, or brevis. These muscle systems include foot, such as extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis, abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi, quadratus plantae, lumbrical muscle, flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis, dorsal interossei, or plantar interossei. 
     The medical device  108  can be configured to prevent, diagnose, monitor, ameliorate, or treat a medical condition, a disease, or a disorder of a patient based on a contact with or output of an energy (e.g., mechanical, electrical, thermal, acoustic, photonic) or a fluid (e.g., liquid, gas, gel, suspension, solution) or powder to various nerves of human body or any components thereof. These nerves include nerves, such as abdominal aortic plexus, abducens nerve, accessory nerve, accessory obturator nerve, alderman&#39;s nerve, anococcygeal nerve, ansa cervicalis, anterior interosseous nerve, anterior superior alveolar nerve, auerbach&#39;s plexus, auriculotemporal nerve, axillary nerve, brachial plexus, buccal branch of the facial nerve, buccal nerve, cardiac plexus, cavernous nerves, cavernous plexus, celiac ganglia, cervical branch of the facial nerve, cervical plexus, chorda tympani, ciliary ganglion, coccygeal nerve, cochlear nerve, common fibular nerve, common palmar digital nerves of median nerve, deep branch of the radial nerve, deep fibular nerve, deep petrosal nerve, deep temporal nerves, diagonal band of broca, digastric branch of facial nerve, dorsal branch of ulnar nerve, dorsal nerve of clitoris, dorsal nerve of the penis, dorsal scapular nerve, esophageal plexus, ethmoidal nerves, external laryngeal nerve, external nasal nerve, facial nerve, femoral nerve, frontal nerve, gastric plexuses, geniculate ganglion, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve, genitofemoral nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, greater auricular nerve, greater occipital nerve, greater petrosal nerve, hepatic plexus, hypoglossal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, inferior anal nerves, inferior cardiac nerve, inferior cervical ganglion, inferior gluteal nerve, inferior hypogastric plexus, inferior mesenteric plexus, inferior palpebral nerve, infraorbital nerve, infraorbital plexus, infratrochlear nerve, intercostal nerves, intercostobrachial nerve, intermediate cutaneous nerve, internal carotid plexus, internal laryngeal nerve, interneuron, jugular ganglion, lacrimal nerve, lateral cord, lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm, lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral pectoral nerve, lateral plantar nerve, lateral pterygoid nerve, lesser occipital nerve, lingual nerve, long ciliary nerves, long root of the ciliary ganglion, long thoracic nerve, lower subscapular nerve, lumbar nerves, lumbar plexus, lumbar splanchnic nerves, lumboinguinal nerve, lumbosacral plexus, lumbosacral trunk, mandibular nerve, marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve, masseteric nerve, maxillary nerve, medial cord, medial cutaneous nerve of arm, medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, medial cutaneous nerve, medial pectoral nerve, medial plantar nerve, medial pterygoid nerve, median nerve, meissner&#39;s plexus, mental nerve, middle cardiac nerve, middle cervical ganglion, middle meningeal nerve, motor nerve, muscular branches of the radial nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, mylohyoid nerve, nasociliary nerve, nasopalatine nerve, nerve of pterygoid canal, nerve to obturator internus, nerve to quadratus femoris, nerve to the piriformis, nerve to the stapedius, nerve to the subclavius, nervus intermedius, nervus spinosus, nodose ganglion, obturator nerve, oculomotor nerve, olfactory nerve, ophthalmic nerve, optic nerve, otic ganglion, ovarian plexus, palatine nerves, palmar branch of the median nerve, palmar branch of ulnar nerve, pancreatic plexus, patellar plexus, pelvic splanchnic nerves, perforating cutaneous nerve, perineal branches of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, perineal nerve, petrous ganglion, pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve, pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal nerve, pharyngeal nerve, pharyngeal plexus, phrenic nerve, phrenic plexus, posterior auricular nerve, posterior branch of spinal nerve, posterior cord, posterior cutaneous nerve of arm, posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm, posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh, posterior scrotal nerves, posterior superior alveolar nerve, proper palmar digital nerves of median nerve, prostatic plexus (nervous), pterygopalatine ganglion, pudendal nerve, pudendal plexus, pulmonary branches of vagus nerve, radial nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve, renal plexus, sacral plexus, sacral splanchnic nerves, saphenous nerve, sciatic nerve, semilunar ganglion, sensory nerve, short ciliary nerves, sphenopalatine nerves, splenic plexus, stylohyoid branch of facial nerve, subcostal nerve, submandibular ganglion, suboccipital nerve, superficial branch of the radial nerve, superficial fibular nerve, superior cardiac nerve, superior cervical ganglion, superior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve, superior ganglion of vagus nerve, superior gluteal nerve, superior hypogastric plexus, superior labial nerve, superior laryngeal nerve, superior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm, superior mesenteric plexus, superior rectal plexus, supraclavicular nerves, supraorbital nerve, suprarenal plexus, suprascapular nerve, supratrochlear nerve, sural nerve, sympathetic trunk, temporal branches of the facial nerve, third occipital nerve, thoracic aortic plexus, thoracic splanchnic nerves, thoraco-abdominal nerves, thoracodorsal nerve, tibial nerve, transverse cervical nerve, trigeminal nerve, trochlear nerve, tympanic nerve, ulnar nerve, upper subscapular nerve, uterovaginal plexus, vagus nerve, ventral ramus, vesical nervous plexus, vestibular nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, zygomatic branches of facial nerve, zygomatic nerve, zygomaticofacial nerve, or zygomaticotemporal nerve. 
     The medical device  108  can be configured to prevent, diagnose, monitor, ameliorate, or treat a medical condition, a disease, or a disorder of a patient based on a contact with or output of an energy (e.g., mechanical, electrical, thermal, acoustic, photonic) or a fluid (e.g., liquid, gas, gel, suspension, solution) or powder to various bones of human body or any components thereof. These bones include spine, such as cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, or coccygeal vertebrae. These bones include chest, such as hyoid, sternum, or ribs. These bones include head, such as cranial bones, facial bones, hyoid bones, or middle ear. These bones include arm, such as humerus, pectoral girdle, hand, metacarpals, or phalanges of the hand. These bones include pelvis, such as hip bone, ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum, or coccyx. These bones include leg, such as femur, patella, tibia, fibula, or foot. 
     The medical device  108  has at least a first mode and a second mode. As such, since the processor  104  is coupled (e.g., electrically, mechanically) to the medical device  108 , the processor  104  is able to execute (e.g., serial, parallel) the logic stored on the memory  106  and thereby switch the medical device  108  between the first mode and the second mode based on an input, such as a trigger, a heuristic, an action, or others, and operate the medical device  108  in the first mode or the second mode based on a set of parameters, which may be accessible to or stored in or via the logic via the memory  106 . For example, the first mode can be an off mode and the second mode can be an on mode or vice versa. Similarly, the first mode can be a deactivated mode and the second mode can be an activated mode or vice versa. However, note that (1) the medical device  108  can be in the on mode, yet still be in the deactivated mode, and (2) the medical device  108  can at least one of prevent, diagnose, monitor, ameliorate, or treat the medical condition, disease, or the disorder of the patient in the activated mode. However, note again that, within the activated mode, the medical device  108  may have a plurality of sub-modes as well, such as modes of prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, amelioration, or treatment of various types, intensities, dosages, or others, which can vary based on medical conditions, disorders, diseases, or conditions. For example, the medical device  108  can operate in a first manner during the first mode and in a second manner in the second mode, where the first manner is different from or identical to the second manner, such as in an amount of operation, in an intensity of operation, in a duration of operation, in a modality of operation, in an energy use of operation, or others. For example, when the processor  104  switches the medical device  108  from the first mode (e.g., a deactivated mode) to the second mode (e.g., an activate mode), then such switching can activate the medical device  108  for a specific time period or a number of diagnosis or treatment doses or other parameters or vice versa. For example, the amount of operation includes a number of individual doses of at least one of diagnosis or treatment doses, such as less than or more than 3 doses, 4 doses, 5 doses, 6 doses, 7 doses, 8 doses, 9 doses, 10 doses, 15 doses, 20 doses, 25 doses, 30 doses, 40 doses, 45 doses, 50 doses, 60 doses, 65 doses, 70 doses, 75 doses, 80 doses, 85 doses, 90 doses, 95 doses, 100 doses, 200 doses, 300 doses, 400 doses, 500 doses, 600 doses, 700 doses, 800 doses, 900 doses, 1000 doses, or any other amount of doses from 1 to 1000 or greater, or others, whether a dose is based on a single use or a set of uses within a predefined time period (e.g., milliseconds, seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years). As such, the medical device  108  can be adjusted where the first mode and the second mode can be equal or unequal in amount of doses. Similarly, the intensity of operation includes a degree or type of intensity with which the medical device  108  at least one of prevents, diagnoses, monitors, ameliorates, or treats the medical condition, disease, or the disorder in the patient. For example, the first mode can be associated with a first prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, amelioration, or treatment signal/energy output and the second mode can be associated with a second prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, amelioration, or treatment signal/energy output, wherein the first signal/energy output is identical to or differs from the second signal/energy output in various parameters, such as a content, a format, an amplitude, a frequency, a time period, or others. As such, the medical device  108  can be adjusted to more intensely or less intensely prevent, diagnose, monitor, ameliorate, or treat based on switching between the first mode and the second mode. Likewise, the duration of operation includes a number of defined time periods during which the medical device can at least one of prevent, diagnose, monitor, ameliorate, or treat, such as a number of seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, or others, whether dependent on usage or independent of usage. As such, the medical device  108  can be adjusted to a least one of prevent, diagnose, monitor, ameliorate, or treat between a first defined time period and a second defined time period. 
     The input device  110  is configured to obtain, such as via reading, copying, or others, a second content from a storage medium, such as a magnetic card, a radio frequency identification (RFID) card, a chip card, a barcode, a Quick Response (QR) code, or others, such that the processor  104  switches the medical device  108  between the first mode and the second mode based on the first content corresponding to the second content, such as logically or others, or vice versa. The second content, such as an activation code, a set of prescription data, a set of dosage/frequency of use data, or others, can be associated with the medical device  108 , such as uniquely or others, with a specific mode of operation, such as for preventing, diagnosing, monitoring, ameliorating, or treating a specific medical condition, disease, or disorder, or with a particular user, such as based on a user identifier, such as a personal identification number (PIN), a biometric, or others. Note that the particular user can be associated with the medical device  108 , such as via a primary key of a relational database, as disclosed herein. For example, the primary key can be the PIN or another set of data such that the second content is unique to the particular user. In some embodiments, where the medical device  108  is shared among a plurality of users, the second content can be unique to one of the users, yet access control or authentication between the users can be controlled via another layer or form of identification, such as passwords, biometrics, or others, such as when the system  100 A includes a user input device coupled to the processor  104 . For example, the user input device can include a keyboard or dial, whether physical, virtual (e.g., display), or haptic (e.g., display), a biometric reader, a fob or tag, a barcode, or others. 
     The second content can be of any of type, whether identical to or different from the first content, such as an alphanumeric, an image, a barcode, a sound, a data structure, a projection, a depression, a hole, or any others. The second content can be formatted in any manner, whether identical to or different from the first content, such as binary, denary, hexadecimal, or others. 
     The input device  110  can be of any modality or type, such as a camera, a microphone, a sensor, a card reader, a signal receiver, or others. For example, as shown in  FIG.  1 B , the input device  110  includes a reader  110 B, such as a reader terminal, that is configured to read the second content from the storage medium, such as a card, a display, an interface, a chip, a memory dongle, a paper, or others, whether the storage medium is in or out of a line-of-sight of the reader  110 B. For example, when the storage medium is a card, which can include paper, cardboard, plastic, rubber, metal, wood, or others, and the reader  110 B is a card reader, then the card can be embedded with at least one of a barcode, a magnetic strip, a computer chip, or another storage medium and the card reader can read the at least one of the barcode, the magnetic strip, the computer chip, or the another storage medium. For example, the memory dongle can include a Universal Serial Bus (USB) dongle, a CompactFlash (CF) card, Secure Digital (SD) card, a MultiMediaCard (MMC) card. Therefore, the card can be a dumb card, a smart card, a memory card, a Wiegand card, a proximity card, or others, whether contact or contactless. Correspondingly, the reader  110 B can be a smart card reader, a memory card reader, a Wiegand card reader, a magnetic stripe reader, a proximity reader, or others, whether the reader  110 B is a non-intelligent reader, a semi-intelligent reader, or an intelligent reader. The input device  110  can be distinct from the medical device  108  or be a component of the medical device  108 . The memory  106  can include the storage medium (e.g., removable memory chip) or vice versa. The memory  106  can exclude the storage medium or vice versa. 
     Similarly, as shown in  FIG.  1 C , the input device  110  includes a transceiver  110 C, which includes a receiver, that is configured to receive, whether over a wired, wireless, or waveguide connection, the second content from the storage medium, such a card, a phone, a tablet, a laptop, a wearable, or others, such via a radio technique, an optical technique, an acoustic technique, or others, whether the storage medium is in or out of a line-of-sight of the transceiver  110 C. For example, the radio technique can include a RFID interrogation, a Wi-Fi communication, a Bluetooth communication, or other radio communication formats, which can be encrypted or unencrypted. For example, the optical technique can include a laser beam, an infrared beam, a Li-Fi connection, or others. Note that the transceiver can include a transmitter or a receiver. 
     The input device  110  can obtain the second content from the storage medium in various ways. For example, the input device  110  can obtain the second content electronically, optically, electromagnetically, mechanically, or others, whether the storage medium is in or out of a line-of-sight of the input device  110 . For example, when the input device  110  is the reader  110 B, as per  FIG.  1 B , then the input device  110  can read the second content from the storage medium based on at least one of a barcode of the storage medium (optically), a QR code of the storage medium (optically), a magnetic material of the storage medium (electromagnetically), a chip of the storage medium (electromagnetically), an integrated circuit of the storage medium (electronically), a non-volatile memory of the storage medium (electronically), a punched hole of the storage medium (mechanically), a tactile surface of the storage medium (mechanically), or others. Likewise, when the input device  110  is the transceiver  110 C, then the input device  110  can read the second content from the storage medium via an RFID technique, such as via interrogation, whether the storage medium is passive or active. Note that in some embodiments, the input device  110  includes the reader  110 B and the transceiver  110 C. 
     The first content can correspond to the second content in various ways, such as logically, such as via a Boolean logic, or others. For example, the first content can match the second content in content, format, logic, parameters, encryption, or others. For example, the first content can be equal to the second content, whether in format or value. Similarly, the first content can be unequal to the second content, whether in format or value. Likewise, the first content can logically map to the second content, such as via a logical symmetry where the first content is same as the second content or where the first content is different from the second, but related in a relatively quick computational way. For example, such correspondence can be determined based on or via hashing the first content or the second content. In some embodiments, processor  104  or the input device  110  can convert the first content or the second content before determining whether the first content corresponds to the second content. For example, such conversion can involve a format or a content of the first content or the second content. 
     When the first content does not correspond to the second content, such as the first content does not match the second content in value and format or others, as described above, then the medical device  108  is not switched from the first mode, such as a deactivated mode, to the second mode, such as an activated mode. In some embodiments, when the first content does not correspond to the second content, then the medical device  108  is switched from the first mode to the second mode, but the second mode is as or less operational than the first mode. For example, the second mode is a default mode of operation, a minimal mode of operation, a demo mode of operation, a disabled mode of operation, a kiosk mode of operation, or others. 
     In some embodiments, the system  100  includes an output device, such as a signal transmitter, a light, sound, or vibration source, an actuator, a data writer, or others, coupled to the processor  104 , whether over a wired, wireless, or waveguide connection, where the processor  104  is configured to instruct the output device to interface with the storage medium in response to the input device  110  reading the second content. For example, the output device can include a transmitter and the processor  104  can instruct the transmitter to send a signal to the storage medium such that the storage medium can receive and process the signal, which may involve acting based on such processing. For example, such action can allow deactivating the storage medium based on or after the medical device  108  is switched from the first mode, such as a deactivated mode, to the second mode, such as an activated mode. For example, the processor  104  can request the output device to interface with the storage medium such that the storage medium is locked from further reading, when the storage medium is enabled for such locking. Similarly, the processor  104  can request the output device to interface with the storage medium such that the second content on the storage medium is rendered unusable, when the storage medium is enabled for such data modification rights. Likewise, the processor  104  can request the output device to interface with the storage medium such that the second content on the storage medium is erased from the storage medium, whether temporarily or permanently, when the storage medium is enabled for such data modification rights. Also, the processor  104  can request the output device to interface with the storage medium such that the storage medium is reformatted, when the storage medium is enabled for such data modification rights. Additionally, the processor  104  can request the output device to interface with the storage medium such that the storage medium is modified from a first state to a second state, when the storage medium is enabled for such state modification rights, and where the first state is before the input device  110  obtains the second content from the storage medium, and where the second state is after the input device  110  obtains the second content from the storage medium. Note that such interfacing can include electronically or physically modifying the storage medium or a content or data format thereon. Note that the first state and the second state can differ from each other in various ways (e.g., more or less functionality, more or less energy use, more or less data reading or modification or deletion or reformatting rights). As such, the output device can be useful to lock or wipe the storage medium once the input device  110  reads the second content from the storage medium. 
     When the system  100 A is used to at least one of prevent, diagnose, monitor, ameliorate, or treat the medical condition, disease, or the disorder of the patient, the processor  104  tracks such use and can take an action when a predetermined threshold is satisfied or not satisfied, such as via the logic stored via the memory  106 . For example, the logic tracks a use of the medical device  108  and when a number of uses, as programmed in advance, satisfies or does not satisfy the predetermined threshold, then the processor  104  can take an action, such as switch the medical device  108  between the first mode, such as an activated mode, and the second mode, such as a deactivated mode, or vice versa. Note that the logic has access to or can modify the predetermined threshold. Further, note that the predetermined threshold can be based on a number of single uses within a predefined time period (e.g., within a day, a week, a month, a year) or a number of single uses regardless of any time limit. For example, the action can include activating the medical device  108 , deactivating the medical device  108 , creating, modifying, or deleting a prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, amelioration, or treatment parameter of the medical device  108 , as stored via the medical device  108  or the memory  106 , creating, modifying, or deleting a set of treatment instructions of the medical device  108 , as stored via the medical device  108  or the memory  106 , or others. 
     In one mode of operation, a user of the system  100 A positions the storage medium in proximity thereof, such as within about ten feet or less. The input device  110  interfaces with the storage medium such that the processor  104  switches the medical device  108  between the first mode and the second mode. If the first mode was a deactivated mode and the second mode was an activated mode, then the user can use the system  100 A to prevent, diagnose, monitor, ameliorate, or treat the medical condition, disease, or the disorder of the user or another. For example, the input device  110  can read the second content from the storage medium and pass the second content to the processor  104 . In response, the processor  104  can confirm that the first content, which is uniquely associated with the medical device  108 , matches the second card, such as via value and format. Upon such confirmation, the processor  104  switches the medical device  108  from the first mode to the second mode. 
       FIG.  2    shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a network diagram for initially provisioning and refilling a system containing a medical device according to this disclosure.  FIG.  3    shows a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for initially provisioning a system containing a medical device according to this disclosure. In particular, a system  200  includes a network  202 , a pharmacy client  204 , an input device  206 , a medical device  208 , a server  210 , and a doctor client  212 . The network  202  is in communication, whether over a wireless, wired, or waveguide connection, with the pharmacy client  204 , the server  210 , and the doctor client  212 . The pharmacy client  204  is in communication, whether over a wireless, wired, or waveguide connection, with the input device  206  and the network  202 . 
     The network  202  includes a plurality of nodes that allow for sharing of resources or information. The network  202  can be wired or wireless. For example, the network  202  can be a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a cellular network, a satellite network, or others. 
     Each of the pharmacy client  204  and the doctor client  212  is a workstation that runs an operating system, such as MacOS®, Windows®, or others, and an application, such as an administrator application, on the operating system. The workstation can include and/or be coupled to, whether directly and/or indirectly, an input device, such as a mouse, a keyboard, a camera, whether forward-facing and/or back-facing, an accelerometer, a touchscreen, a biometric reader, a clicker, a microphone, a barcode or QR code reader, or any other suitable input device. The workstation can include and/or be coupled to, whether directly and/or indirectly, an output device, such as a display, a speaker, a headphone, a printer, or any other suitable output device. In some embodiments, the input device and the output device can be embodied in one unit, such as a touch-enabled display, which can be haptic. As such, the application presents a graphical user interface (GUI) configured to interact with a user to perform various functionality, as disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the application on the pharmacy client  204  can operate in an administrator mode and a kiosk mode, such as an agent mode or others, where the administrator mode has more or higher access privileges than the kiosk mode, where the kiosk mode is used for programming the medical device  208  or coupling the medical device  208  to the storage medium, as disclosed herein. Note that the application on the pharmacy client  204  can control access between the administrator mode and the kiosk mode via user identifiers, passwords, biometrics, or others. Further, note that at least one of the pharmacy client  204  or the doctor client  212  can be a non-workstation computer as well, such as a smartphone, a tablet, a laptop, a wearable, an eyewear unit, or others. 
     The server  210  runs an operating system, such as MacOS®, Windows®, or others, and an application, such as a prescription management application, on the operating system. In some embodiments, the server  210  hosts or has access to a database, such as a relational database, an in-memory database, a graphical database, a NoSQL database, or others. For example, the database can include a plurality of records, where each of the records contains a plurality of fields associated with a plurality of categories, such as patient identifier, patient contact information, patient medical record, prescription name, prescription dosage, and others. Note that the database can include or be coupled to an electronic medical records (EMR) database, whether local or remote thereto, whether using a same or different schema (e.g., star, tree). The server  210  can include and/or be coupled to, whether directly and/or indirectly, an input device, such as a mouse, a keyboard, a camera, whether forward-facing and/or back-facing, an accelerometer, a touchscreen, a biometric reader, a clicker, a microphone, or any other suitable input device. The server  210  can include and/or be coupled to, whether directly and/or indirectly, an output device, such as a display, a speaker, a headphone, a printer, or any other suitable output device. In some embodiments, the input device and the output device can be embodied in one unit, such as a touch-enabled display, which can be haptic. 
     The input device  206  is coupled to the pharmacy client  204 , whether over in a wired, wireless, or waveguide connection, and can include a camera, a microphone, a keyboard, whether physical or virtual, a reader, or others. The input device  204  can be battery powered or powered via the pharmacy client  204 . 
     The medical device  208 , such as the system  100 A, the medical device  108 , or others, comprises a device identifier, such as the first content, as disclosed herein, whether internally, such as via the memory  106  or others, or externally, such as on the medical device  108  itself, on a tag coupled to the medical device  108 , such as via adhering, fastening, mating, or others, or on a tag coupled to or depicted or printed on a package containing the medical device  208 . 
     In one mode of operation, as shown in  FIG.  3   , in order to initially provision the medical device  208 , the doctor client  212  sends a set of prescription data to the server  210  over the network  202 . As per block  304 , the pharmacy client  204  retrieves (e.g., reads, copies) the set of prescription data from the server  210  over the network  202 , such as via a patient identifier associated with a record of the database accessible to the server  210 . Upon retrieval, the pharmacy client  204  displays the set of prescription data thereon. 
     As per block  302 , a user of the pharmacy client  204  uses the input device  206  to obtain the device identifier from the medical device  208 . For example, when the device identifier, such as the first content, is internal to the medical device  208 , then the input device  206  can interface with the medical device  208 , whether over a wired, wireless, or waveguide connection, and obtain the device identifier, such as via an RFID interrogation or others. Likewise, when the device identifier is external to the medical device  208 , then the input device  206  obtains the device identifier via reading the device identifier, such as via barcode or QR code scanning or others. Note that the block  302  can occur before, during, or after the block  304 . As such, once the pharmacy client  204  has the device identifier and the set of prescription data, as per block  306 , the pharmacy client  204  associates the device identifier and the set of prescription data, whether locally or on the server  210 , such as via relating the device identifier and the set of prescription data in the database, such as via a primary key or others. Therefore, as per block  308 , an action can be taken with the medical device  208 . For example, the action can be via the pharmacy client  210  prompting a message that the medical device  208  is associated with the set of prescription data, generating a sound alert, modifying a data structure, or others. Similarly, the action can include packaging or repackaging the medical device  208 , shipping the medical device  208 , handing over the medical device  208  to a patient, or others. 
       FIG.  4    shows a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for refilling a system containing a medical device according to this disclosure. In particular, in order to refill the medical device  208 , the doctor client  212  sends a set of prescription data to the server  210  over the network  202 . As per block  404 , the pharmacy client  204  retrieves (e.g., reads, copies) the set of prescription data from the server  210  over the network  202 , such as via a patient identifier associated with a record of the database accessible to the server  210 . Upon retrieval, the pharmacy client  204  displays the set of prescription data thereon. 
     As per block  402 , a user of the pharmacy client  204  uses the input device  206  to obtain the device identifier from the medical device  208 . For example, when the device identifier, such as the first content, is internal to the medical device  208 , then the input device  206  can interface with the medical device  208 , whether over a wired, wireless, or waveguide connection, and obtain the device identifier, such as via an RFID interrogation or others. Likewise, when the device identifier is external to the medical device  208 , then the input device  206  obtains the device identifier via reading the device identifier, such as via barcode or QR code scanning or others. Note that the block  402  can occur before, during, or after the block  404 . 
     As such, once the pharmacy client  204  has the device identifier and the set of prescription data, as per block  406 , the pharmacy client  204  can be used to program or reprogram a storage medium, such as an RFID card or others, based on the set of prescription data, via an output device, such as a signal transmitter, a light, sound, or vibration source, an actuator, a data writer, or others, coupled to the pharmacy client  204 , whether over a wired, wireless, or waveguide connection. For example, such programming can be via an RFID interrogation or other technologies. For example, such programming can involve using the pharmacy client  204  to program the storage medium to match the device identifier that is uniquely associated with the medical device  208 . For example, the pharmacy client  204  can instruct the output device to interface with the storage medium, such as via adding, modifying, or deleting content or format to or from the storage medium such that the storage medium stores the set of prescription data or a logic containing a set of instructions to operate the medical device  208  according to the set of prescription data. Note that this logic can be included in the set of prescription data or generated via the server  210  or the pharmacy client  204  based on the set of prescription data. In some embodiments, the medical device  208  generates this logic based on the set of prescription data as obtained from the storage medium. Therefore, the storage medium can be positioned in proximity (e.g., within about 10 feet or less) of the system  100 A to be read via the input device  110  such that the processor  104  can switch the medical device  108  between the first mode and the second mode. Note that for recordkeeping purposes, the pharmacy client  204  can communicate (e.g., email, texting, social networking, over-the-top) a message informative of such programming to the server  210  over the network  202 , such as for writing into the record of the patient in the database. For example, the pharmacy client  204  associates the device identifier and the set of prescription data, whether locally or on the server  210 , such as via relating the device identifier and the set of prescription data in the database, such as via a primary key or others. 
     Consequently, as per block  408 , the storage medium, as programmed, can be provided to the patient, such as via handing over to the patient, packaging/shipping to the patient, or communicating to the patient, such as via email, text, social networking, over-the-top messaging, or others. As such, a POS terminal, such as the pharmacy client  204 , can be used to (1) obtain a device identifier from the medical device  208 , (2) retrieve a set of prescription data from the server  210 , where the device identifier is uniquely associated with the medical device  208 , and (3) program, such as via encoding or others, a storage medium, such as an RFID card or others, based on the device identifier and the set of prescription data such that the medical device  208  can be switched from a first mode, such as a deactivated mode, to a second mode, such as an activated mode, or load a set of new therapy dose data, based on the storage medium being in proximity of the medical device  208 . 
     In some embodiments, the output device can include a transmitter (e.g., wired, wireless, waveguide) and the pharmacy client  204  can instruct the transmitter to send (e.g., wired, wireless, waveguide) a signal to the storage medium such that the storage medium can receive and process the signal, which may involve acting based on such processing. For example, the pharmacy client  204  can request the output device to interface with the storage medium such that the storage medium is locked from further reading or writing or modifying or deleting, whether in data or format, when the storage medium is enabled for such locking. Similarly, the pharmacy client  204  can request the output device to interface with the storage medium such that the second content on the storage medium is rendered unusable, when the storage medium is enabled for such data modification rights. Likewise, the pharmacy client  204  can request the output device to interface with the storage medium such that the second content on the storage medium is erased from the storage medium, whether temporarily or permanently, when the storage medium is enabled for such data modification rights. Also, the pharmacy client  204  can request the output device to interface with the storage medium such that the storage medium is reformatted, when the storage medium is enabled for such data modification rights. Note that such interfacing can include electronically or physically modifying the storage medium or a content or a data format or an encryption thereon. 
       FIG.  5    shows a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for using a system containing a medical device according to this disclosure. In particular, as per block  502 , a storage medium, such as an RFID card or others, is positioned in proximity of the input device  110 , such as an RFID reader, such that the input device  110  can read a content of the storage medium. For example, the content can include an activation code and a set of prescription data, such as a therapy dosage or others. For example, such reading can occur at a patient location, such as at home, at work, or others, at a pharmacy location, such as at a retail kiosk or others, at a manufacturer location, such as at a warehouse or others, or others. As per block  506 , responsive to such reading, the processor  104  switches the medical device  108  from a first mode, such as a deactivated mode, to a second mode, such as an activated mode. In some embodiments, the processor  104  instructs the output device of the system  100 A to communicate with the storage medium in order to deactivate the storage medium, as disclosed herein, such as via deleting the content from the storage medium, reformatting the card, or others. As per block  508 , the processor  104  tracks usage of the medical device  108  in order to be compliant with the content of the storage medium as read by the input device  110 . For example, if the content mandates 1 use during 24 hours for 1 week, then the processor  104  track time, days, and usage per day or another time period (e.g., minutes, hours). As per block  508 , if the processor  104  determines that the usage of the medical device has reached a predetermined threshold, as per the content read from the storage medium, then the processor  104  switches the medical device  108  from the second mode (the activated mode) to the first mode (the deactivated mode), otherwise the processor  104  allows the usage of the medical device  108 . For example, if the content mandates 1 use during  24  hours for 1 week, then the processor  104  switches the medical device  108  from the second mode to the first mode when 1 week from first use of the medical device  108  passed. 
       FIGS.  6 A,  6 B  show an embodiment of a technique for pairing a patient/card and a medical device thereby establishing a master patient/card to device mapping according to this disclosure.  FIG.  6 C  shows an embodiment of a GUI for programming a storage medium according to this disclosure. As shown in  FIG.  6 A , a POS terminal  600  includes a touch-enabled display  602  that displays a wizard  604 . The POS terminal  600  also includes a camera, whether front or back, and can include a flash illumination device, whether front or back. The POS terminal  600  runs the wizard  604 , whether as a local process or over a network connection from a remote data source, such as via browsing or streaming. As shown in  FIG.  6 B , a neurostimulator  606  is positioned adjacent to a card  608 , which may include a physical contact therebetween or be contactless therebetween, such within about 12 inches or less therebetween, although greater distances are possible, such as over a personal area network (PAN), a LAN, or a WAN. As shown in  FIG.  6 C , the wizard  604  contains a plurality of pages and at least one of the pages presents a plurality of display fields  612  and a plurality input elements  610 . 
     As such, in order to initially provision or refill the neurostimulator  606  for a neurostimulation (or another medical modality) session, as shown in  FIGS.  6 A and  6 C , a user of the POS terminal  600  touch-interacts with the wizard  604  on the display  602  via the input elements  610 . In response, the POS terminal  600  communicates with a remote data source, such as over the network  202  with the server  210  of  FIG.  2   , and receives a set of initial provisioning or refill data from the remote data source for a patient, whether identical to or different from the user. The POS terminal  600  then displays the set of initial provisioning or refill data via the display fields  612 . For example, the display fields  612  display a patient identifier, such as an alphanumeric string, a device identifier, such as an alphanumeric string, a dosage amount, such as a numeric string, and a days of therapy amount, such as a numeric string. For example, there can be about 10, 31, or 93 (or less or more) days or uses of therapy as prescribed by a medical service provider, such as a physician. For example, the dosage amount can be about  2  minutes as prescribed by a medical service provider, such as a physician. Resultantly, the user positions the card  608  adjacent to the POS terminal  600  and then further touch-interacts with the wizard  604  such that the POS terminal  600  programs the card  608  in accordance with the set of initial provisioning or refill data, as presented via the display fields  612 . Note that the POS terminal  600  can program the card  608  in a wired manner, such as via a card reader of the POS terminal  600 , or in a wireless or waveguide manner, such as via a transceiver of the POS terminal  600 . Accordingly, as shown in  FIG.  6 B , the card  608 , as pre-programmed via the POS terminal  600 , is positioned adjacent (e.g., within about 10 feet or less) to the neurostimulator  606  such that the neurostimulator  606  switches from a first mode, such as a deactivated mode, to a second mode, such as an activated mode, as disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the POS terminal  600  can include a cash register that communicates with a tablet, whether in wired, wireless, or waveguide manner, such that the POS terminal  600  and the tablet are distinct physical devices, with the tablet being used to programmatically initially provision or refill the card  608 , which can include via communication with the POS terminal  600 . Note that the tablet is illustrative and other computing devices can be used, whether additionally or alternatively, such as smartphone, laptop, desktop, eyewear unit, wearable, or others. 
       FIG.  7    shows an embodiment of a kit according to this disclosure. A kit  900  includes a tablet  902 , a cable  904 , a product sample  906 , and a stand  908 . For example, the tablet  902 , the cable  904 , the product sample  906 , and the stand  908  can be hosted within a package, whether snugly or non-snugly, such as a cardboard box, a plastic pack, a fabric container, an intermodal container, or others. The tablet  902  can be used as a POS terminal, as disclosed herein. The cable  904  can charge the tablet  902  from a wall socket or from a computing device. The cable  904  can also be used for transferring data to or from the tablet  902 . For example, the cable  904  can be a USB cable, a Firewire cable, or others. The product sample  906  can include a product label, which can include a barcode, such as a QR code. The stand  908  can support the tablet  902  when the tablet  902  is used as a POS terminal, as disclosed herein. Note that the tablet  902  can also be used without the stand  908 . 
     The tablet  902  hosts a plurality of apps and is configured to operate in a plurality of modes, including a pharmacy admin mode and a pharmacy agent mode. The apps include initial provisioning and refilling (IPAR) app, which can interface with a remote or local data source when running on the tablet  902 , whether the tablet  902  is in wired, wireless, or waveguide communication with the remote data source. The tablet  902  can receive the IPAR app from a network-based data source, such as a server (e.g., physical, virtual, web, application, database), or from a memory load, such as via a memory stick, or others. The tablet  902  controls access to the modes based on a user login, which may be via passwords, two factor authentication, biometrics (e.g., fingerprints, retina scans), or others. In some embodiments, the tablet  902  controls access to the modes based on the user login into the IPAR app. The pharmacy admin mode grants an administrator level access to functionality of the tablet  902  and the apps hosted thereon, including the IPAR app. The pharmacy agent mode grants a limited user level access to functionality of the tablet  902  such that the tablet  902  is operated in a kiosk mode involving the IPAR app. For example, in the pharmacy agent mode, a user may be prevented from accessing any, some, most, or all apps other than the IPAR app. Note that the modes may display various visually distinct indicia notifying of what mode the tablet  902  is operating in. For example, the visual indicia can include icons, alphanumeric labels, graphics, images, watermarks, backgrounds, fonts, or any other visual elements, where the visual indicia differ between the modes. 
       FIGS.  8 A- 8 G  show an embodiment of a process of pairing a patient/card and a medical device thereby establishing a master patient/card to device mapping according to this disclosure. The wizard  604  is used in this process and, as shown in  FIG.  8 A , the user operates the POS terminal  600  to input a referral identifier, such as an alphanumeric string, into one of the display fields  612  and interacts with one of the input elements  610  to submit the referral identifier to the remote data source for retrieving the set of initial provisioning or refill data. 
     As shown in  FIG.  8 B , the remote source retrieves the set of initial provisioning or refill data and sends the set of initial provisioning or refill data to the POS terminal  600  such that the POS terminal  600  populates some, most, or all remaining display fields  612  with corresponding information extracted or copied from the set of initial provisioning or refill data. Note that if such remaining display fields  612  do not populate or do not fully populate, then such error may be due to the referral identifier being incorrectly entered or being invalid. Further, note that upon such lack of population or lack of full population, the POS terminal  600  may display a warning message via the wizard  604 , with the warning message requesting re-entry of the referral identifier or suggesting a call to a predetermined phone number, which may be remotely updatable. 
     As shown in  FIG.  8 C , the user again operates the POS terminal  600  to have the POS terminal  600  optically read the neurostimulator  606  (or another medical device) via the camera, such as via barcode scanning. 
     As shown in  FIG.  8 D , the user selects the neurostimulator  606  from an inventory and holds the neurostimulator device  606  with a label having a barcode facing up behind POS terminal  600  such that the camera of the POS terminal  600  can read the barcode. Note that the neurostimulator  606  can be packaged within a package, such as a cardboard box or others, as explained herein, where the package or the neurostimulator  606  hosting the label, or be outside of the package, with the package or the neurostimulator  606  hosting the label. As such, the POS terminal  600  captures an image of the barcode. 
     As shown in  FIG.  8 E , as the POS terminal  600  focuses on capturing the barcode, the POS terminal  600  displays a bounding box (e.g., square, rectangle, oval, circle, triangle, pentagon, octagon, hexagon, polygon) or another closed shape (e.g.,  0 -shape, D-shape) or open shape (e.g., U-shape, C-shape) extending around or about the barcode within the display  602 . Further, note the POS terminal  600  can display multiple bounding boxes, which are visually distinct from each other, such as via color, shape, background, foreground, line style, or others. Moreover, note that the barcode is scanned by aligning the bounding box over the barcode such that the barcode is positioned within the bounding box and activating, such as via touching the display  602 , the bounding box to capture the image of the barcode. Additionally, note that in poor illumination conditions, the POS terminal  600  can activate the flash illumination device to assist in capturing the image of the barcode. Furthermore, if the POS terminal  600  is unable to capture the barcode, then the wizard  604  presented on the POS terminal  600  enables a manual entry of a device identifier, which may be validated against a set of device identifiers, whether stored locally on the POS terminal  600  or stored or accessible via the remote data source. 
     As shown in  FIG.  8 F , after the POS terminal  600  captures the image that depicts the barcode, the POS terminal  600  processes the image to extract, which may include format or value conversion, a device identifier, such as an alphanumeric string, from the image, such as via various optical character recognition and other computer vision techniques, and populates the device identifier into one of the display fields  612 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  8 G , the POS terminal  600  displays a message when the device identifier is successfully validated and mapped, in a one-to-one correspondence, to the referral identifier, e.g. the NPI number or ASPN ID associated with a prescription. As such, the user of the POS terminal  600  can iteratively proceed with mapping another referral identifier with another device identifier. In this manner, a prescription from a healthcare provider (e.g., doctor, therapist) may be associated with a specific device by linking, in one to one correspondence, a patient card to a device identifier. For example, the one-to-one correspondence can mean that the patient card, whether an initial card or a refill, will only be recognized by and usable to activate/refill the specific device which bears the unique device identifier associated with the patient card at the time the patient card was filled or authorized. In a case of an initial satisfaction of a prescription, in which a patient receives a device for a first time, the unique identifier of the device is retrieved and matched with a prescription and patient card by scanning the device (e.g., by scanning a barcode or interrogating an RFID chip associated with the device), scanning the patient card (e.g. by scanning a barcode or interrogating an RFID chip associated with the patient card), and activating the patient card to contain prescription information, such as doses or a designated time period of use or others. Thereafter, when the patient card is held up to the device, the device identifier programmed into the patient card will be recognized by the device and/or card, and the prescription information will be transferred (e.g., wired, wirelessly, waveguide) to the device. If the device identifier programmed into the patient card does not match the device identifier of the device, then at least some, most, or all prescription authorization information will not be transferred to the device. When a patient requires a prescription refill, then a new prescription is obtained (e.g., electronically) from the healthcare provider and submitted (e.g., electronically) to the pharmacy. The pharmacy will program (e.g., keying) the patient card with prescription information, and with the unique patient device identifier associated with the patient&#39;s device. The patient&#39;s device need not be present during the refill process because a system database contains the device identifier associated with the device previously issued to the patient, so the pharmacy can program the patient card with the appropriate dosage information contained in the prescription, and associate the patient card to be uniquely associated with the device identifier of the patient&#39;s device, and only that device. Such a system has a technical advantage or benefit of assuring that the prescribed treatment information may only be transferred from the patient card to the device possessed and previously assigned to the intended patient, and not any other patient or device. 
     Note that all aspects, characteristics, or components of initial provisioning or refilling of a medical device, as described herein, or all uses (e.g., prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, amelioration, or therapy related mechanical, thermal, acoustic, optical, vibratory, digital, data, or electronic acts) of the medical device, as described herein, or all uses of a storage medium (e.g., access, read, write, modify, copy, delete, format, encrypt, decrypt, load, unload, send, receive) can be written or uploaded to a block of a blockchain local to or remote from the medical device or the storage medium. For example, the system  100 A can include or communicate with a node of a blockchain of a blockchain network. The node can enable writing, reading, modifying, copying, or deleting operations relative to a block of the blockchain. These operations can track initial provisioning, refilling, or all usages of the medical device or the storage medium for at least medical device or storage medium recordkeeping purposes (e.g., EMR, prescription, billing, device maintenance, device updates, system security). 
       FIGS.  9 A- 9 J  show an embodiment of a neurostimulator according to this disclosure. As shown in  FIGS.  9 A and  9 G , a neurostimulator  700  can be used to provide non-invasive stimulation of a nerve. For example, the stimulation may be via an electrical energy, a mechanical energy, a thermal energy, an acoustic energy, a vibratory energy, or others. For example, the stimulation may be at a side of a neck of a patient. For example, the nerve can be a vagus nerve, a cranial nerve, a trigeminal nerve, a spinal nerve, or others. 
     The neurostimulator  700  includes a housing  702 , a display  704 , a plurality of stimulation surfaces  706 , a power button  708 , a cap  712 , and a control button  714 . In some embodiments, the neurostimulator  700  includes a speaker housed via the housing  702  and powered via the battery. In some embodiments, the neurostimulator  700  includes a microphone housed via the housing  702  and powered via the battery. The housing  702  houses a signal generator and a battery. The housing  702  is opaque, but can be transparent. The battery powers the signal generator and the display. The power button  708  turns the neurostimulator  700  on and off. The button  708  can be a mechanical button or a touch-enabled surface, which can be haptic or configured to receive a touch input, a slide input, a gesture input, or others. The stimulation surfaces  706  contact a skin of a patient and conduct a stimulation energy, such as an electrical current, an electrical impulse, an actuation, or others, from the signal generator to the skin of the patient. 
     The display  704 , which can present in monochrome, grayscale, or color, indicates a status of the neurostimulator  700 , such as on, off, charging, dosage amount total, dosage amount remaining, stimulation time total, stimulation time remaining, or others. The display  704  can be of any type, such as a segment display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), an electrophoretic display, a field emission display (FED), or others, whether rigid, elastic, resilient, bendable, or flexible. The display  704  can be configured to receive a touch-input, including a gesture, a slide, or others. The cap  712  is mounted to the housing  702 , such as via snug fit, friction, fastening, mating, adhering, or others. The cap  712  is transparent, but can be opaque. The cap  712  covers and protects the stimulation surfaces  706  from mechanical damage, interference, moisture, or others. The control button  714  is operably coupled to the signal generator and is thereby configured to increase or decrease an intensity of the stimulation by controlling the signal generator. The control button  714  can be a mechanical button or a touch-enabled surface, which can be haptic or configured to receive a touch input, a slide input, a gesture input, or others. The neurostimulator  700  can be charged via a charging station  716 , whether in a wired, wireless, or waveguide manner. 
     For example, the neurostimulator  700  can be a multi-use, hand-held, rechargeable, portable device comprising of a rechargeable battery, a set of signal-generating and amplifying electronics, and a control button for operator control of a signal amplitude. The device provides visible (display) and audible (beep) feedback on the device and stimulation status. A pair of stainless steel surfaces, which are a set of skin contact surfaces, allows a delivery of an electrical signal. The patient applies an electrode gel to the contact surfaces to maintain an uninterrupted conductive path from the contact surfaces to the skin on the neck of the patient. The stimulation surfaces are capped when not in use. The neurostimulator  700  can produce a low voltage electric signal including about five 5,000 Hz electric pulses (or less or more) that are repeated at a rate of 25 Hz (or less or more). A waveform of the electric pulses is approximately a sine wave with a peak voltage limited to about 24 volts (or less or more) when placed on the skin of the neck of the patient and a maximum output current of 60 mA (or less or more). The signal is transmitted through the skin of the neck to the vagus nerve. The neurostimulator  700  allows the patient to appropriately position and adjust a stimulation intensity as instructed a healthcare provider. Further details of appropriate waveforms and electrical signals and how to generate and transmit such signals to a desired nerve can be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,874,205; 9,333,347; 9,174,066; 8,914,122 and 9,566,426, which are incorporated herein in their entireties by reference for at least these purposes as if copied and pasted herein, as disclosed herein, and for all purposes as if copied and pasted herein, such as all structures, all functions, and all methods of manufacture and use, as disclosed therein. Each dose can be applied for two minutes, after which the neurostimulator automatically stops delivering the neurostimulation. The neurostimulator  700  can allow for single or multiple uses or sessions. The neurostimulator can deliver a fixed number of treatments within a 24-hour period (or less or more). Once a maximum daily number of treatments has been reached, the neurostimulator  700  will not deliver any more treatments until a following 24-hour period expires. The neurostimulator can be charged via a charging station. The neurostimulator can allow for a fixed number of treatments within a defined time period, such as thirty one days or ninety three days, or some other period of time. 
     The display  704  is able to present a plurality of symbols that are informative of various states of the neurostimulator  700 . As such,  FIGS.  9 B- 9 D  show a table of symbols that can be displayed via the display  704  as icons and a set of corresponding explanations of the symbols. In embodiments where the neurostimulator  704  includes the speaker, the table explains various sounds that can be output via the speaker. Note that such symbols and sounds are illustrative and can vary in color, shape, frequency, geometrical perimeter/volume, acoustical parameters, or others. 
     As shown in  FIG.  9 E , the neurostimulator  700  can be switched between a first mode and a second mode based on a card  716  being positioned in proximity thereof, whether via contact or avoiding contact, whether blocking the display  704  or below the display  704 , as explained above. Note that the display  704  displays (1) a symbol informative of the card  716  being read via the neurostimulator  700 , (2) a symbol informative of the battery of the neurostimulator  700  being full, and (3) a symbol informative of the neurostimulator  700  being reloaded via the card  716 , as explained above. Also, note that the neurostimulator  700  can read the card  716  when the neurostimulator  700  is turned on. Further, note that if the neurostimulator  700  includes the speaker, then the neurostimulator  700  can output the sound alternative or additional to the display  704  displaying an appropriate symbol. 
     As shown in  FIG.  9 F , the charging station  716  can be used to recharge the neurostimulator  700 . The charging station  716  includes a power adapter. As such, the power adapter can be plugged into a power outlet and with the power button  708  facing up, the housing  702  can be placed into the charging station  716 , with the housing  702  snugly fitting into the charging station  716 . Next, the display  704  can display a symbol informative of the battery of neurostimulator  700  being charged. For example, such symbol can change dynamically, such as via flashing, growing/increasing in perimeter/volume, or others. When the battery is fully charged, then the display  704  can display a symbol informative of such status. Note that if the battery is not being charged within the charging station  716 , then the display  704  can display a symbol informative of such status or a symbol informative of an error status. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  9 H and  9 I , the neurostimulator  700  can be used by removing the cap  712  from the housing  702 , applying an energy conductive gel to the stimulation surfaces  706 , and the positioning the stimulation surfaces  706  adjacent to the skin of the patient. In some embodiments, the energy conductive gel can be applied to the skin of the patient. Then, the power button  708  is turned on and the display  704  can display one or more symbols suitable at that time, as explained above. In embodiments where the housing  702  houses the speaker, then the speaker can output one or more sounds suitable at that time, as explained above. Note that the user can increase the intensity of stimulation by repeatedly pressing a top area of the control button  714  to a maximum level the user can tolerate. In embodiments where the neurostimulator  700  includes the speaker, the neurostimulator  700  can output a sound every time the control button  714  is pushed and the display  704  can indicate a numerical value between 1 and 40, although other information systems are possible, such as iconic or alphabetic, which signifies a level of stimulation. 
     As shown in  FIG.  9 J , after the patient completes a session of neurostimulation, the display  704  will display a number of doses and days remaining and a last stimulation level before automatically turning off. In embodiments where the neurostimulator  700  includes the speaker, the neurostimulator  700  can stop automatically after two minutes (or less or more) and the speaker can output a sound informative of such action and automatically stop stimulation. Note that a number of days and doses remaining can be viewed by turning the neurostimulator  700  on. Similarly, the stimulation surfaces  706  can be cleaned by wiping any leftover gel off the stimulation surfaces  706  with a soft dry cloth. Moreover, the cap  712  can be placed back onto the housing  702 . 
     Various terminology used herein can imply direct or indirect, full or partial, temporary or permanent, action or inaction. For example, when an element is referred to as being “on,” “connected” or “coupled” to another element, then the element can be directly on, connected or coupled to the other element and/or intervening elements can be present, including indirect and/or direct variants. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly connected” or “directly coupled” to another element, there are no intervening elements present. 
     Although the terms first, second, etc. can be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not necessarily be limited by such terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, or section without departing from various teachings of this disclosure. 
     Various terminology used herein is for describing particular example embodiments and is not intended to be necessarily limiting of this disclosure. As used herein, various singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” are intended to include various plural forms as well, unless a context clearly indicates otherwise. Various terms “comprises,” “includes” and/or “comprising,” “including” when used in this specification, specify a presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence and/or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, a term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or.” That is, unless specified otherwise, or clear from context, “X employs A or B” is intended to mean any of a set of natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances. 
     Features described with respect to certain example embodiments can be combined and sub-combined in and/or with various other example embodiments. Also, different aspects and/or elements of example embodiments, as disclosed herein, can be combined and sub-combined in a similar manner as well. Further, some example embodiments, whether individually and/or collectively, can be components of a larger system, wherein other procedures can take precedence over and/or otherwise modify their application. Additionally, a number of steps can be required before, after, and/or concurrently with example embodiments, as disclosed herein. Note that any and/or all methods and/or processes, at least as disclosed herein, can be at least partially performed via at least one entity in any manner. 
     Example embodiments of this disclosure are described herein with reference to illustrations of idealized embodiments (and intermediate structures) of this disclosure. As such, variations from various illustrated shapes as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, various example embodiments of this disclosure should not be construed as necessarily limited to various particular shapes of regions illustrated herein, but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. 
     Any and/or all elements, as disclosed herein, can be formed from a same, structurally continuous piece, such as being unitary, and/or be separately manufactured and/or connected, such as being an assembly and/or modules. Any and/or all elements, as disclosed herein, can be manufactured via any manufacturing processes, whether additive manufacturing, subtractive manufacturing, and/or other any other types of manufacturing. For example, some manufacturing processes include three dimensional (3D) printing, laser cutting, computer numerical control routing, milling, pressing, stamping, vacuum forming, hydroforming, injection molding, lithography, and so forth. 
     Any and/or all elements, as disclosed herein, can be and/or include, whether partially and/or fully, a solid, including a metal, a mineral, an amorphous material, a ceramic, a glass ceramic, an organic solid, such as wood and/or a polymer, such as rubber, a composite material, a semiconductor, a nanomaterial, a biomaterial and/or any combinations thereof. Any and/or all elements, as disclosed herein, can be and/or include, whether partially and/or fully, a coating, including an informational coating, such as ink, an adhesive coating, a melt-adhesive coating, such as vacuum seal and/or heat seal, a release coating, such as tape liner, a low surface energy coating, an optical coating, such as for tint, color, hue, saturation, tone, shade, transparency, translucency, opaqueness, luminescence, reflection, phosphorescence, anti-reflection and/or holography, a photo-sensitive coating, an electronic and/or thermal property coating, such as for passivity, insulation, resistance or conduction, a magnetic coating, a water-resistant and/or waterproof coating, a scent coating and/or any combinations thereof. Any and/or all elements, as disclosed herein, can be rigid, flexible, and/or any other combinations thereof. Any and/or all elements, as disclosed herein, can be identical and/or different from each other in material, shape, size, color and/or any measurable dimension, such as length, width, height, depth, area, orientation, perimeter, volume, breadth, density, temperature, resistance, and so forth. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in an art to which this disclosure belongs. Various terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with a meaning in a context of a relevant art and should not be interpreted in an idealized and/or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. 
     Furthermore, relative terms such as “below,” “lower,” “above,” and “upper” can be used herein to describe one element&#39;s relationship to another element as illustrated in the set of accompanying illustrative drawings. Such relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of illustrated technologies in addition to an orientation depicted in the set of accompanying illustrative drawings. For example, if a device in the set of accompanying illustrative drawings were turned over, then various elements described as being on a “lower” side of other elements would then be oriented on “upper” sides of other elements. Similarly, if a device in one of illustrative figures were turned over, then various elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements would then be oriented “above” other elements. Therefore, various example terms “below” and “lower” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. 
     As used herein, a term “about” and/or “substantially” refers to a +/−10% variation from a nominal value/term. Such variation is always included in any given value/term provided herein, whether or not such variation is specifically referred thereto. 
     If any disclosures are incorporated herein by reference and such disclosures conflict in part and/or in whole with this disclosure, then to an extent of a conflict, if any, and/or a broader disclosure, and/or broader definition of terms, this disclosure controls. If such disclosures conflict in part and/or in whole with one another, then to an extent of a conflict, if any, a later-dated disclosure controls. 
     In some embodiments, various functions or acts can take place at a given location and/or in connection with the operation of one or more apparatuses or systems. In some embodiments, a portion of a given function or act can be performed at a first device or location, and a remainder of the function or act can be performed at one or more additional devices or locations. 
     Various corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in various claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. Various embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain various principles of this disclosure and various practical applications thereof, and to enable others of ordinary skill in a pertinent art to understand this disclosure for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to a particular use contemplated. 
     Various diagrams depicted herein are illustrative. There can be many variations to such diagrams or steps (or operations) described therein without departing from various spirits of this disclosure. For instance, various steps can be performed in a differing order or steps can be added, deleted or modified. All of these variations are considered a part of this disclosure. People skilled in an art to which this disclosure relates, both now and in future, can make various improvements and enhancements which fall within various scopes of various claims which follow. 
     This detailed description has been presented for various purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be fully exhaustive and/or limited to this disclosure in various forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations in techniques and structures will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in an art without departing from a scope and spirit of this disclosure as set forth in various claims that follow. Accordingly, such modifications and variations are contemplated as being a part of this disclosure. A scope of this disclosure is defined by various claims, which include known equivalents and unforeseeable equivalents at a time of filing of this disclosure.