Patent Publication Number: US-11034530-B1

Title: Dynamically configurable articulating surfaces for mobile carrier units

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     As users increasingly make online purchases, fulfilment of such purchases and other orders may become increasingly complicated. For example, a fulfillment center may have output of upwards of one million packages per day. With such demands, efficiency of logistics related to processing orders and packages may be important. Accordingly, improvements in various operations of order fulfillment, such as improvements to picking technology, sorting technology, packing technology, and so forth may be desired, such that manual efforts can be redirected to different tasks. In addition, material handling equipment to handle items, packages, or other objects may be used during various fulfillment center operations, and may be used to transport objects and items. Improved handling of objects and items may improve fulfillment center throughput or may otherwise be desired. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a hybrid schematic illustration of an example use case of a fulfillment center workflow and an example process flow in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  is a hybrid schematic illustration of an example use case of a fulfillment center layout and an example process flow in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic illustration of an item sorting system and additional components in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic illustration of an example process flow for item sortation in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic illustration of a sortation system with ramps in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic illustration of a mobile carrier unit with a dynamically configurable articulating surface in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIGS. 7-8  are schematic illustrations of a dynamically configurable articulating surface in various views in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIGS. 9-10  are schematic illustrations of a dynamically configurable articulating surface in an example securing formation in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIGS. 11-12  are schematic illustrations of an object secured by a dynamically configurable articulating surface in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 13  is a schematic illustration of an example process flow for using a dynamically configurable articulating surface in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 14  schematically illustrates an example architecture of a computer system associated with a mobile carrier unit and/or item sorting system in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. 
     
    
    
     The detailed description is set forth with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are provided for purposes of illustration only and merely depict example embodiments of the disclosure. The drawings are provided to facilitate understanding of the disclosure and shall not be deemed to limit the breadth, scope, or applicability of the disclosure. The use of the same reference numerals indicates similar, but not necessarily the same or identical components. Different reference numerals may be used to identify similar components. Various embodiments may utilize elements or components other than those illustrated in the drawings, and some elements and/or components may not be present in various embodiments. The use of singular terminology to describe a component or element may, depending on the context, encompass a plural number of such components or elements and vice versa. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Overview 
     Fulfillment centers may be used to fulfill online purchases and other orders. For example, fulfillment centers may include product inventory that may be pulled when an order for a particular product or multiple products is placed. In some instances, the product(s) may be packed and shipped from the fulfillment center. However, the process of obtaining the product(s), packing the product(s), and shipping the product(s) may be complicated due to the amount of inventory, the number of orders to process, the size of the fulfillment center, and/or other factors. In addition, a portion of the fulfillment center designated for packing or shipping may be different than the portion of the fulfillment center designated for holding product inventory. As a result, transportation of products in an order may be time consuming. Moreover, material handling equipment to handle items, packages, or other objects may be used during various fulfillment center operations, and may be used to transport objects, such as items and/or packages. Transport of certain objects may be difficult at certain speeds. For example, transporting round or cylindrical objects may be difficult because the objects may roll around or move during transport, with the risk of the object moving past sidewalls or other boundaries of equipment and falling off a vehicle, which could cause safety concerns, jams, and so forth. Other objects, such as boxes, may slide around surfaces and may experience similar issues at sharp turns or corners. Accordingly, increasing an amount of control over objects during transport may be desired, so as to increase speed during transport, decrease risk of the object leaving the vehicle during transport, and decrease related risk of issues such as equipment jams. Embodiments of the disclosure may include dynamically configurable articulating surfaces for mobile carrier units that provide increased control over objects by limiting the amount of movement that an object can have on the surface, which can in turn result in increased transport speeds and reduced risk of jams and other incidents. 
     In some instances, orders for products may include multiple items. For example, a user may place an order for two or more products. In such instances, the products that are ordered may not be in the same location of the fulfillment center, or one of the products may take a longer time to obtain or pick than the others. As a result, packing of the order may be delayed until all of the items in the order are ready for packing. To improve the speed of processing orders, in certain instances, robots and other technology may be deployed, such that manual efforts can be redirected to other tasks. For example, robots may be used to assist with locating products in an order during a pick process. However, directing picked products to the appropriate packing station and/or location may form a bottleneck in the operation of the fulfillment center. For example, after products are picked, the products may be placed in a container, such as a tote or other container, and directed to sortation machines to direct the picked products to the appropriate packing location. For example, products in the same order may be directed to the same packing location for consolidation and subsequent packing. However, a tote or other container may include products that are to be sorted to multiple different packing locations, and the sortation process may be slowed by sheer volume of products that are to be processed and/or sorted. 
     In addition, certain items may be harder to transport than other items. For example, items having round, spherical, or circular geometries or other types of contoured surfaces may be difficult to transport as the items may roll or otherwise move around during transport. Moreover, item movement during transport may adversely impact the maximum speed at which the item can be transported. 
     Embodiments of the disclosure include dynamically configurable articulating surfaces for mobile carrier units. Mobile carrier units may be robots or shuttles used to transport items from one location to another. For example, a mobile carrier unit may receive or obtain an item that is part of a multi-item order at an induction portion of an item sorting system. The induction portion may be a portion of the system at which items for sorting are inducted into the system. The mobile carrier unit may transport the item to a container or tote in which items of the multi-item order are aggregated. The mobile carrier unit may then retrieve full containers (e.g., containers that have all of the items associated with an online order, etc.), and deliver the full containers to an outbound portion of the item sorting system. 
     The mobile carrier unit may include a dynamically configurable articulating surface. The dynamically configurable articulating surface may be used instead of, for example, a conveyor belt, and may be used to facilitate loading and unloading of objects, as well as to secure objects within a certain region of the surface during transport. For example, the dynamically configurable articulating surface may include a number of tiles that can be arranged at different angles, which can form a sidewall or raised surface around an object, such that when the object moves, the sidewall or raised surface can limit the movement of the object. The object may therefore not slide past the angled tiles. In some embodiments, rows or columns of tiles may be controlled using an actuator, such that each tile in a row or column is moved to the same angle. In other embodiments, more than one actuator may be used for a row or column, such that different tiles in the same row or column may have a different orientation. In yet other embodiments, tiles may be individually actuated, and may be configured to adjust orientation or angle in or near real-time, such as responsive to sensor (e.g., load sensor, pressure sensor, etc.) feedback related to object movement. Actuation of the tiles of the articulating surface may also be used to facilitate loading and/or unloading of objects may actuating tiles in a sequence (e.g., such as a “wave” sequence, etc.) that results in an object being pushed in a certain direction. As a result, a greater number of objects, such as round items, may be able to be transported using robots such as mobile carrier units, and objects may be transported with increased security. 
     Embodiments of the disclosure include methods and systems for dynamically configurable articulating surfaces for mobile carrier units that may improve processing and fulfillment of single or multi-item orders, or orders that include more than one item. Certain embodiments include item sorting systems with sortation systems that can be used to rapidly sort items for one-to-one or one-to-many sortation needs. Some embodiments include operational process flows for improved handling of items. As a result, throughput of fulfillment centers may be improved, and/or logistics of fulfillment center operations may be less complicated. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , an example use case  100  of a fulfillment center workflow and an example process flow in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. Although discussed in the context of online orders, other embodiments may be directed to any suitable use case where items, such as products, packages, or other items, are picked and/or sorted, such as instances where users may pick up orders rather than receiving a shipment. 
     In  FIG. 1 , a fulfillment center may include a robotic storage platform  110 , a routing sorter  120 , one or more sortation systems  130 , and one or more packing stations  140 . The robotic storage platform  110  may be a portion of the fulfillment center at which products picked from product inventory are placed. Robots may be used to pick products from inventory and to deliver to the robotic storage platform in some instances, while in other instances, manual operators or a combination thereof may be used to pick products. The picking process at the robotic storage platform may include locating a product in an order, obtaining the product, and sending the product to the robotic storage platform  110 , such as via a conveyor belt (e.g., smooth belt, cleated belt, etc.). In the illustrated embodiment, products at the robotic storage platform  110  may be placed in a container, such as a tote. Other types of fulfillment centers may include delivery stations, sort centers, and the like. 
     At the routing sorter  120 , totes including products that have been picked may be routed to an appropriate or designated sortation system. For example, the routing sorter  120  may determine an identifier associated with the tote, and may determine the sortation system associated with the tote using the identifier. The routing sorter  120  may route or direct the tote to the appropriate sortation system. 
     The sortation systems  130  may include one or more sortation system machines. In  FIG. 1 , a first sortation system  132 , a second sortation system  134 , a third sortation system  136 , and so forth may be included. Any number of sortation systems may be included. Some or all of the sortation systems may be associated with certain totes, certain functions, certain geographic regions, and so forth. The sortation systems may be used to consolidate or otherwise aggregate products for single or multi-item orders. For example, a first tote may include a first item of a multi-item order, and a second tote may include a second item of the multi-item order. The sortation system may therefore identify the orders associated with the respective products in a tote, and may transport the products to a container, such as a bin, associated with the order. When the order is complete with all of the products in the associated bin, the order may be packed. Accordingly, a specific sortation system may be designated for fulfillment of a particular order. At the sortation systems  130 , totes that are received via the routing sorter  120  may be emptied, and the products in the respective totes may be transported to the appropriate bins for the orders for which the products were picked. 
     After a single or multi-item order is complete (e.g., the sortation system has delivered all of the products in the order to the appropriate bin, etc.), the order may be packed at the packing station  140 . In some embodiments, one or more packing stations may be included. In some instances, a packing station may service more than one sortation system, while in other instances, more than one packing station may service one sortation system. In the illustration of  FIG. 1 , a first packing station  142  may be used to pack orders from the first sortation system  132 , a second packing station  144  may be used to pack orders from the second sortation system  134 , a third packing station  146  may be used to pack orders from the third sortation system  136 , and so forth. At the packing stations  140 , the orders may be placed into boxes and sealed for subsequent shipment. The packages may then be processed for shipment to the user. In other instances, the sortation systems  130  may be used to sort packages designated for different geographic regions, and may therefore output packages to different loading docks, etc. The sortation systems  130  may be used for additional sortation purposes. 
     At the fulfillment center, an example process flow  150  illustrated in  FIG. 1  may be implemented to improve the efficiency and/or throughput of the fulfillment center. At a first block  160 , items may be picked from the robotic storage platform  110  into a container, such as a tote. At a second block  170 , the tote may be sent to the routing sorter  120  for routing to a sortation system. At a third block  180 , the items from the tote may be sorted from the container by the sortation system. At a fourth block  190 , the items may be packed into a shipment when all of the items in the order are sorted or when an order is complete. 
       FIG. 2  is a hybrid schematic illustration of an example use case of a fulfillment center layout and an example process flow in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. Other embodiments may include additional or fewer components. 
     In  FIG. 2 , an example layout of a fulfillment center  200  is depicted. The fulfillment center  200  may include a robotic field  210  at which product inventory may be stored for picking, one or more routing sorters  220  that may be used to route containers or other items to certain sortation systems, one or more sortation systems or walls  230  that may be used to sort single or multi-item orders, one or more single item sections  260  that may be used to pack single item orders, one or more labeling machines  240  that may be used to apply shipping labels to packages, one or more flat sorters  250  and shipping sorters  270  to sort labeled shipments (e.g., by destination, carrier, etc.) for pickup from the fulfillment center  200 . 
     The fulfillment center  200  may implement a process flow  280  for processing single or multi-item orders. At a first block  282 , items for different orders may be picked into a tote or container that may be sent to a sorting machine, such as one of the sortation systems  230 . The tote may include items from any order that is being consolidated by the specific sortation system machine. The sortation system may sort singular items into single or multi-item orders. At a second block  284 , the tote may be sent to a routing sorter. At a third block  286 , the routing sorter may route or divert the tote to any sortation or an assigned sortation system (e.g., the sortation system that is consolidating items for a particular order for multi-order instances, etc.). At a fourth block  288 , the sortation system may sort singular items from the tote or container into a different tote or container based on the order contents. For example, the containers at the sortation system may be assigned to a particular order that may be single or multi-item. At a fifth block  290 , the order may be packed after all items in the order are sorted. 
     The sortation system machines  220  may include bins or containers of different sizes (e.g., small, medium, large, etc.) and may be configured, in one example, to handle items that weigh up to twenty or more pounds. In some embodiments, the sortation system machines  220  may include multiple chutes, and may be configured to sort items at a rate of about 3,600 units per hour. In some instances, the sortation system machines  220  may have two inductors (e.g., one on each side, etc.) for inducting items from containers, and may be modular. 
     In some embodiments, the sortation system machines  220  may replace other processes, such as manual processes. For example, manual induction of products from a tote to a sorter machine may be a bottleneck that is avoided by the systems and methods described herein. The sortation system  230  may include cross-belt shuttles that sort singulated products into containers or totes. Sortation systems  230  may be capable of sorting at a rate of 3,500 units per hour. Certain sortation system machines  230  may be configured to handle items of up to twenty pounds, or more in some instances (e.g., 100 pounds or more), with dimensions of about 18″×14″×8″ or 28″×14″×9″, which may cover almost all, or all, products at the fulfillment center  200 . The sortation system  230  may operate as a high-speed, high-destination sort solution that intakes items or packages and sorts them into containers using a shuttle that travels vertically and horizontally inside the machine (or outside in some instances). 
     Individual sortation systems may be item sorting systems, and may include a number of, such as two or more, modular sorting machines coupled in series, or otherwise adjacent to each other and connected. The modular sorting machines may include a first modular sorting machine. The modular sorting machines may be configured to singulate items from a tote comprising a plurality of items into a plurality of bins (e.g. induct individual items from a bin that has multiple items, and place the inducted items into the appropriate bin, where bins are associated with single or multi-item orders. The tote from which items are inducted may be associated with the individual sortation system machine (e.g., the modular sorting machines that form the individual sortation system machine, etc.). 
     Accordingly, in some embodiments, sortation systems may be arranged in rows and may receive assigned totes from a routing sorter, thereby streamlining fulfillment center operation and reducing labor and space costs. The sortation systems may process totes for multi-order sortation and consolidation. As a result, there may no longer be a need to singulate and send items to a wall for manual extraction, because each tote may be assigned to a particular sortation system machine. Induct stations can be replaced with sortation system machines. 
     In another embodiment, pickers may pick items directly to a segmented belt conveyor at a station that is near a sortation system machine. Other nearby pick stations may also pick items directly to conveyance for the same sortation system machine. Picked items being transported to a single sortation system machine may merge together to be inducted into their unique sortation system machine, where multi-item orders may be consolidated and sent to packing. 
     Embodiments of the disclosure include dynamically configurable articulating surfaces for mobile carrier units. Certain embodiments may improve processing speed and/or throughput of fulfillment centers. Certain embodiments may improve performance of mechanical equipment for sortation and/or consolidation of items for multi-item orders. While described in the context of online orders, aspects of this disclosure are more broadly applicable to other forms of product sortation. 
     Example embodiments of the disclosure provide a number of technical features or technical effects. For example, in accordance with example embodiments of the disclosure, certain embodiments of the disclosure may improve processing speed, throughput, and/or efficiency of fulfillment centers. The above examples of technical features and/or technical effects of example embodiments of the disclosure are merely illustrative and not exhaustive. 
     One or more illustrative embodiments of the disclosure have been described above. The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the scope of this disclosure and are not intended to be limiting in any way. Accordingly, variations, modifications, and equivalents of the embodiments disclosed herein are also within the scope of this disclosure. The above-described embodiments and additional and/or alternative embodiments of the disclosure will be described in detail hereinafter through reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     Illustrative Embodiments and Use Cases 
       FIG. 3  is a schematic illustration of an item sorting system and additional components in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. Other embodiments may include additional or fewer components. The illustration of  FIG. 3  is not to scale, and may not be illustrated to scale with respect to other figures. The sortation system illustrated in  FIG. 3  may be the same sortation system discussed with respect to  FIGS. 1-2 . 
     In  FIG. 3 , an example use case  300  including a set of totes  310  and item sorting system(s), or sortation system(s)  320 , is depicted. The set of totes  310  may include one or more totes that may be assigned to, or otherwise associated with, the sortation system  320 . For example, Tote 1, Tote 35, Tote 3645, and so forth may be associated with the sortation system  320 . The totes may have identifiers, such as alphanumeric or other identifiers. The totes may be used to place items that have been picked into the totes. The items that are placed in the totes may be associated with orders that are to be consolidated by the sortation system  320 . For example, Tote 1 may include item 1, item 16, and item 23, Tote 35 may include item 1656, Tote 3645 may include item 989, item 145, and item 34, and so forth. The item sorting system, or the sortation system  320 , may be configured to receive items from a tote that includes one or more, such as multiple items, and the tote may be routed to the item sorting system or the sortation system  320 . 
     The totes  310  may be directed to the sortation system  320  for sorting and consolidation. For example, items in the totes  310  may be inducted into the sortation system  320  via a conveyor belt. 
     The sortation system  320  may include one or more modules, and may be adjusted in size by adding or removing modules or standalone sortation systems as needed. For example, the sortation system  320  may include a first sortation system  330  and a second sortation system  340 . The second sortation system  340  may be coupled to the first sortation system  330 , or may be a standalone sortation system. 
     The respective sortation systems  330 ,  340  may include one or more bins, or containers that hold items of a single or multi-item order. For example, as illustrated in side view  360 , the second modular item sorting machine  340  may include a first chute  370 , or vertical stacking, of bins, and a second chute  380  of bins. The bins in the respective chutes may be of different sizes or dimensions, or may be placed in different vertical locations along the chute. The sortation system  320  may include a plurality of bins disposed in an array along one or more sides of the first modular item sorting machine  330  and the second modular item sorting machine  340 . The respective bins may be configured to be repositioned within different chutes and/or at different vertical locations. In  FIG. 3 , Bin 1 and Bin 2 may have the same height, while Bin 3 in the same column or chute may have a different height. Any suitable number of bins may be included in a chute and/or array. 
     Items or products inducted from the totes  310  may be sorted and directed to a bin associated with the order for which the item was picked. The items may be transported by one or more shuttles or mobile carrier units  350 , which may move in one or more directions within the sortation system  320 . In some embodiments, the shuttles or mobile carrier units  350  may be positioned outside of the sortation system  320 . In some embodiments, the sortation system(s)  320  may include one or more mobile carrier units  350  or other shuttles that can be used to move items, such as products, packages, containers, and so forth. Mobile carrier units  350  may include one or more RFIDs that can be used to retain traceability of an item to a carrier, such that the entire system may not have to be purged in case of a complete power loss. The lineage or traceability can be established by associating a barcode or other identifier of the item with the carrier RFID tag at the point of induction or elsewhere. 
     For example, Item 1 may be inducted from Tote 1 and placed in Bin 3, along with Item 989 and Item 34 from Tote 3645. Bin 3 may be associated with an order that included those three items, and may therefore be ready for packing. Similarly, Item 16 may be routed to Bin 4, Item 23 may be routed to Bin 5, Item 145 may be routed to Bin 6, and so forth. Any number of bins, totes, and/or modules may be included. 
       FIG. 4  is a schematic illustration of an example process flow  400  for item sortation in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. One or more of the blocks illustrated in  FIG. 4  may be performed in a different order or across a distributed environment. In some embodiments, the operations of process flow  400  may be performed by a controller or computer system in communication with one or more sortation systems. 
     At block  410 , a first item identifier of a first item at an induction portion of a sortation system may be determined. For example, a computer system or controller having one or more computer processors coupled to memory and configured to execute computer-executable instructions may be configured to determine a first item identifier of a first item at an induction portion of a sortation system. The first item identifier may be a barcode or other machine readable identifier. To determine the first item identifier, the computer system may determine the identifier using a scanner or other component. The first item identifier may be associated with a first item. The first item may be part of an order, such as an online order, and may therefore be associated with an order identifier. The induction portion of the sortation system may be a portion of the sortation system at which items or containers are input or fed into the sortation system. In some instances, the items or containers may be input manually, while in other instances, the items or containers may be automatically fed into the sortation system using materials handling equipment. The computer system may be local or remote relative to the sortation system, and may be in wired or wireless communication with one or more components of the sortation system. In some embodiments, determination of a first item may be completed using various inspection methods, such as weight scans (e.g., using a weight sensor to determine whether an item weight comports with an expected item weight, etc.) or volumetric scans (e.g., using computer vision point cloud to determine whether a size of an item comports with an expected item size, etc.) in addition to, or instead of, barcode scans as a secondary verification to ensure that the item is accurately identified. For example, a barcode scan may be inaccurate due to more than one label on an item or package, etc., so a secondary volumetric scan may provide additional verification. If secondary verification does not result in identification of the item, the item or package may be routed to a location for subsequent automated or manual inspection. 
     At block  420 , an order identifier associated with the first item identifier may be determined. For example, the computer system may determine an order identifier associated with the first item identifier. The order identifier may be associated with each of the item identifiers in an order. The computer system may determine, for example using a database, the order identifier associated with the first item identifier. In some instances, the first item identifier may be associated with more than one order identifier. In such instances, the computer system may determine the order identifier that corresponds to the order that is being sorted by the sortation system, as opposed to a different sortation system. 
     At block  430 , a first container associated with the order identifier may be determined. For example, the computer system may determine a first container associated with the order identifier. The sortation system may include a number of different containers, such as totes, bins, or bags, and the like. The containers may be used to aggregate items for certain orders, packages destined for similar destinations, and so forth. Accordingly, a single container may be associated with one or more order identifiers in some instances. The computer system may determine the first container that is located at the sortation system that is being used to aggregate items for the order identifier. The order identifier associated with a container may remain static until all of the items associated with the order are aggregated in the container. 
     At block  440 , a first mobile carrier unit may be caused to retrieve the first item. For example, the computer system may be configured to cause a first mobile carrier unit to retrieve the item. The computer system may be in communication with one or more mobile carrier units. Mobile carrier units may be configured to retrieve items and/or deposit items into containers, retrieve and/or deposit empty containers into container slots, retrieve and/or deposit full or completed containers to an outbound portion of the sortation system, and so forth. The mobile carrier units may be configured to move about the sortation system using any suitable form of propulsion, such as motors, rollers, belts, mobile drive units, and so forth. Mobile carrier units may include components configured to move items and containers, such as rollers, arms, sidewalls, and/or other components. The computer system may send instructions or commands to a particular mobile carrier unit to retrieve the first item from the induction portion of the sortation system. The mobile carrier unit may therefore maneuver to the induction portion to retrieve or otherwise receive the first item. The mobile carrier unit may be coupled to, or may include, a dynamically configurable articulating surface. 
     At block  450 , the first mobile carrier unit may be caused to deliver the first item to the first container. For example, the computer system may cause the first mobile carrier unit to deliver the first item to the first container. The computer system may send instructions or commands to the first mobile carrier unit to navigate to the designated first container, and to deposit or deliver the first item to the first container. The first mobile carrier unit may navigate to the first container using one or more ramps in some instances, or an elevator lift in other instances. For example, the computer system may cause a track-based pathway to configure a path on which the first mobile carrier unit can move to reach the first container. The first container may be on different levels of the sortation system, and the computer system may cause the first mobile carrier unit to follow the path and/or take an elevator to the appropriate level to reach the first container. The mobile carrier unit may be coupled to, or may include, a dynamically configurable articulating surface. 
     At optional block  460 , it may be determined that the first container comprises the items associated with the first order identifier. For example, the computer system may determine that the first container comprises the items associated with the first order identifier. The first order identifier may be associated with one or more items, and may therefore be associated with one or more items. The computer system may determine that the one or more items are positioned in the first container. For example, all of the items in the order may have been placed into the first container by one or more mobile carrier units. For orders with multiple items, the computer system may determine that the order identifier is associated with a second item identifier of a second item, and may determine that the first container includes the first item and the second item. The computer system may therefore track items that are input and output from the sortation system, as well as the contents of respective containers during the sortation process. In some embodiments, the carrier units may be the same for both item delivery and tote extraction, whereas in other embodiments, the carrier units may be different for item delivery and tote extraction. For example, carrier units used for tote extraction may include additional or different hardware than carrier units used for item or package delivery to containers. 
     At optional block  460 , a second mobile carrier unit may be caused to retrieve the first container. For example, the computer system may cause a second mobile carrier unit to retrieve the first container. In some instances, the second mobile carrier unit may be the same unit as the first mobile carrier unit, while in other instances, the second mobile carrier unit may be a different unit. To retrieve the first container, the mobile carrier unit may navigate to the container slot in which the first container is present, and may retrieve the first container. For example, the mobile carrier unit may pull the container out of the container slot, or the container slot may include hardware, such as a tilting floor, an extendable arm, powered rollers, or other hardware to push or deposit the container onto the mobile carrier unit. 
     At optional block  480 , the second mobile carrier unit may be caused to deliver the first container to a full container outbound portion of the sortation system. For example, the computer system may cause the second mobile carrier unit to deliver the first container to a full container outbound portion. After the container includes all of the items in an order, the container may be determined to be full. In some instances, a full container may not be physically full. In other instances, a full container may be physically full. The full container outbound portion of the sortation system may be a conveyor belt or other portion of the sortation system to which containers that are outbound from the sortation system may be routed. The containers that are outbound may include sorted items. After full containers are removed from the sortation system, the container slot from which the full container was removed may be replaced with an empty container, which may then be associated with a different order identifier. For example, the computer system may cause a container elevator to move a container from an empty container inbound portion to the first mobile carrier unit. The empty container inbound portion may be an input queue or holding at which empty containers may be input or fed into the sortation system. 
     In some embodiments, instead of, or in addition to, determining that the first container comprises the items associated with the first order identifier, the computer system may determine that the container is full. A full container may include a certain predetermined set of items, or may be physically full. The computer system may then cause a mobile carrier unit to retrieve the second container after delivering the first item to the first container. For example, a mobile carrier unit, during the same trip through a container matrix, may first deliver an item, and may then retrieve a full container for delivery to the outbound portion to improve efficiency. 
       FIG. 5  is a schematic illustration of a sortation system  500  with ramps in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. Other embodiments may include additional or fewer components. For example, other sortation systems may include elevators instead of, or in addition to, ramps. The illustration of  FIG. 5  may not be to scale, and may not be illustrated to scale with respect to other figures. The sortation system illustrated in  FIG. 5  may be the same sortation system discussed with respect to  FIGS. 1-4 . Although discussed in the context of sortation systems, mobile carrier units as described herein may be used with any equipment related to transport of objects, and dynamically configurable articulating surfaces may be used with any suitable vehicle. 
     In  FIG. 5 , the sortation system  500  may include a container matrix  510 , an induction portion  520 , an outbound portion  530 , an empty container intake portion  540 , one or more tracks, and one or more mobile carrier units  580 . In the illustrated example, the sortation system  500  may have a length of about seventy feet and a width of about eight feet. 
     The container matrix  510  may be a modular rack system that includes one or more vertically spaced or horizontally spaced levels, where some or all of the levels may include container slots. The container matrix  510  may house containers, such as totes, bins, bags, or other containers, that can be used to hold sorted items, such as items that correspond to certain orders. The container matrix  510  may include an array of containers with removable and/or rearrange-able container configurations. The containers may be of the same or different dimensions. The container matrix  510  may include one or more levels, such as a first level and a second level. The first level may include a first plurality of container slots configured to receive individual containers, and the second level may include a second plurality of container slots configured to receive individual containers. The first level may be an upper level or lower level with respect to the second level. 
     The induction portion  520  may be an induction point for items, such as products or packages, that are input at the sortation system  500  for sortation. The sortation system  500  may sort the inducted items into various containers at the container matrix  510 . Items input at the induction portion  520  may be retrieved by one or more of the mobile carrier units  580  and fed or deposited into designated containers. At the induction portion  520 , an item may be identified, and a computer system may send the mobile carrier unit  580  instructions to retrieve the item and deliver the item to a specific location. The computer system may manage traffic flow of mobile carrier units  580  throughout the sortation system  500 , so as to improve efficiency and avoid collisions. The induction portion  520  may be configured to transport individual items into the sortation system  500 . 
     The outbound portion  530  may be where containers that are full, or that include all of the items in an order, may be directed after completion of sortation. For example, containers that are ready to move to a different stage or portion of a fulfillment center may be retrieved from the container matrix  510  by one or more of the mobile carrier units  580  and delivered to the outbound portion  530 . The outbound portion  530  may be configured to transport full containers out of the sortation system  500 . 
     The empty container intake portion  540  may be where empty containers are input to the sortation system  500 . For example, as full or completed containers are removed from container slots at the container matrix  510 , the container slots may be filled with empty containers. For example, one or more mobile carrier units may retrieve an empty container from the empty container intake portion  540  and deliver the empty container to an empty container slot. In some embodiments, the mobile carrier unit may retrieve an empty container after delivering a completed container, such as by moving backwards or forwards along a track. Although the inbound portion  520 , outbound portion  530 , and empty container intake portion  540  are illustrated in a certain arrangement in  FIG. 5 , other arrangements may be used. For example, the empty container intake portion  540  may be placed on an opposite side of the inbound portion  520  relative to the outbound portion  530 . The empty container intake portion  540  may be configured to transport empty containers into the sortation system  500 , or to feed empty containers into the sortation system  500 . The induction portion  520 , the outbound portion  530 , and the empty container intake portion  540  may optionally include conveyor belts, and may be disposed adjacent to each other. 
     The sortation system  500  may include one or more tracks. The tracks may be used by the mobile carrier units  580  to move between the respective portions of the sortation system  500  and the container matrix  510 . For example, the mobile carrier unit  580  may move along a certain track or set of tracks to reach a first container, and along a different set of tracks to reach a second container. Tracks may lead to different levels of the container matrix  510 . In  FIG. 5 , the sortation system  500  may include a first track  550 , a second track  552 , a third track  554 , and a fourth track  556 . The tracks may be rails or other forms of tracks that guide the mobile carrier units  580 . The tracks may be open or closed loop. The mobile carrier units  580  may move unidirectionally or bidirectionally along the tracks. In one example, the mobile carrier units  580  may move in a counterclockwise direction about the tracks. The tracks may be disposed at different levels. For example, the first track  550  may be disposed at a first level, the second track  552  may be disposed at a second level, the third track  554  may be disposed at a third level, and the fourth track  556  may be disposed at a fourth level. 
     The tracks and/or the sortation system  500  may include one or more ramps that lead to different levels of the container matrix  510 . The ramps may be used by the mobile carrier units  580  to access the different levels of the container matrix  510  and the containers located on the different levels. For example, a first ramp  560  may lead from the fourth track  556  to the third track  554 . A second ramp  562  may lead from the fourth track  556  to the second track  552 . A third ramp  564  may lead from the fourth track  556  to the first track  550 , and so forth. In the illustrated embodiment, the fourth track  556  may therefore be used to access the other tracks of the sortation system  500 . 
     The fourth track  556  may serve as a queuing track, which may be a track at which unused mobile carrier units are queued as the units await instructions to retrieve or deliver items or containers, or may be used by mobile carrier units to move between different tracks and/or levels of the container matrix  510 . For example, the mobile carrier unit  580  may access the third track  554  using the first ramp  560 , or the second track  552  using the second ramp  562 , and so forth. The mobile carrier units  580  may therefore be configured to move between the tracks via the queuing track, or the fourth track  556  in the illustration of  FIG. 5 . The queuing track may form a closed loop that passes through the container matrix  510 . 
     To move between tracks or track components (e.g., ramps, etc.), the sortation system  500  may include any number of switches  570  or other mechanisms to divert mobile carrier units  580  in a certain direction or onto a certain track. Operation or configuration of switches may be controlled by the same computer system or controller that controls operation of the mobile carrier units  580 , or by a different computer system. For example, a first switch  572  may be used to divert mobile carrier units  580  from the fourth track  556  to the third ramp  564 , a second switch  574  may be used to divert mobile carrier units  580  from the fourth track  556  to the second ramp  562 , and so forth. Switches may be used to divert mobile carrier units  580  off of ramps and back onto the fourth track  556 . 
     The mobile carrier units  580  may individually include a dynamically configurable articulating surface, and may be configured to move along the respective tracks of the sortation system  500 . The mobile carrier units  580  may be configured to perform various functions, such as retrieving items, depositing items into containers on the different levels of the container matrix  150 , retrieving full containers from container slots, depositing empty containers into container slots, and other functions. The mobile carrier units  580  may be controlled by one or more computer systems or controllers. The mobile carrier units  580  may include at least two sidewalls on opposite sides of the mobile carrier unit. The sidewalls may be used to secure a payload. Some embodiments may not include sidewalls. Some embodiments may include one or more doors that can be opened or closed. For example, the mobile carrier unit may include a first door disposed transverse to the at least two sidewalls, where the mobile carrier unit is configured to automatically open and/or close the first door. In some instances, the first door, when in an open position, may form a chute that can be angled towards a container on a lower level. In some instances, the mobile carrier unit may include a second door disposed opposite the first door, where the mobile carrier unit is configured to automatically open and/or close the second door. Mobile carrier units that include multiple sidewalls and/or doors that serve as sidewalls may be used to secure various types of payloads, such as round balls or objects that may remain contained within the sidewalls during movement. 
     The mobile carrier units  580  may travel on the track system of the sortation system  500  with fully open, partially enclosed, or fully enclosed surfaces. For example, the mobile carrier units  580  may include one or more sidewalls to secure payloads. Individual tracks about which the mobile carrier units  580  may move can be configured in open or closed loops of the sortation system  500 , such that the mobile carrier units  580  may be recirculated within the system and/or moved to a holding area (e.g., the queuing track, etc.). The tracks can also be layered vertically or horizontally based on the desired throughput from the sortation system  500 , as well as footprint restrictions. In some embodiments, the tracks may include diverting features and/or mechanisms, such as switches  570 , that may allow individual mobile carrier units  580  to be directed to different tracks as well as different elevations vertically. As a result, the sortation system  500  may provide a flexible track layout that may include bypass loops, divert loops, etc. and consequently the ability to queue mobile carrier units  580 , level load different systems of the sortation system  500  based on demand and/or any bottlenecks that may be encountered. 
     In some embodiments, the mobile carrier units  580  and multi-layer/multi-level tracks may be used in conjunction with a high storage density modular rack system, or the container matrix  510 , that is used to receive, hold, and/or dispatch different articles, as illustrated at least in  FIG. 5 . The mobile carrier units  580  may be universal and can accommodate payloads of various form factors (e.g., individual items, full and empty totes, boxes, etc.). The mobile carrier units  580  may include a dynamically configurable articulating surface, as described with respect to  FIG. 6 . The payload may be disposed within an open top box type enclosure with (optional) at least one or at least two fixed walls. The mobile carrier units  580  may be configured to move with various means of propulsion (e.g., conveyors, linear induction motors, drive motors, drive rollers, etc.). 
     The mobile carrier units  580  may include, for example on a top surface, an article movement system, such as a powered belt that can move in one or more directions, such as a direction different from the direction of motion of the mobile carrier unit  580 , tilting floors or units, etc. The article movement system may be configured to move items off the carrier and into a container (e.g., totes, bags, boxes, etc.). The containers may be held inside one or more cells of the modular storage racks. A quick change interface may be provided so that different article movement technologies can be attached to the individual mobile carrier units  580 . The modular rack system can contain sensing and design features to ensure that any payload on the mobile carrier units  580  is properly deposited, held and either offloaded back to the mobile carrier units  580  or an alternative takeaway option for dispatch. Modularity in the modular rack system can include individual cells to hold articles or a column or row of cells that can be individually moved or a bank of columns or rows of cells that can be moved as a unit. 
       FIG. 6  is a schematic illustration of a mobile carrier unit with a dynamically configurable articulating surface in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. Other embodiments may include additional or fewer components. The illustration of  FIG. 6  may not be to scale, and may not be illustrated to scale with respect to other figures. The mobile carrier unit with a dynamically configurable articulating surface illustrated in  FIG. 6  may be the same mobile carrier unit discussed with respect to  FIGS. 1-5 . Although discussed in the context of sortation systems, mobile carrier units as described herein may be used with any equipment related to transport of objects, and dynamically configurable articulating surfaces may be used with any suitable vehicle. 
     In  FIG. 6 , a mobile carrier unit  610  is depicted with a dynamically configurable articulating surface  620 . The mobile carrier unit  610  may be used with any suitable material handling equipment, such as item sortation and/or autonomous transport systems. In some embodiments, the mobile carrier unit  610  may be configured to removably couple to the dynamically configurable articulating surface  620 . The dynamically configurable articulating surface  620  may be configured to facilitate loading and/or unloading of objects or items onto and off of the mobile carrier unit  610 , as well as to secure objects and/or prevent objects from moving on the surface. In some embodiments, the dynamically configurable articulating surface  620  may be used instead of a conveyor belt. 
     The mobile carrier unit  610  (which may the mobile carrier unit discussed with respect to  FIG. 5 ) is depicted in perspective view. The mobile carrier unit  610  may be configured to transport items from one location to another. The mobile carrier unit  610  may include one or more sidewalls, such as a set of at least two fixed sidewalls. For example, the mobile carrier unit  610  may include a first sidewall  612  and a second sidewall  614  that is parallel to the first sidewall  612 . The first sidewall  612  and the second sidewall  614  may form one or more open ends of the mobile carrier unit  610 . An open end may be an end without a sidewall. The sidewalls may prevent items from rolling or otherwise dropping off sides of the mobile carrier unit  610 . However, for some objects, by the time the objects encounter the first sidewall  612  or the second sidewall  614 , the object may be moving at a velocity that allows the object to jump over the respective first sidewall  612  or the second sidewall  614 . The mobile carrier unit  610  may include one or more magnets that may be used for linear induction motion, as well as one or more wheels. Other forms of propulsion may be used. The mobile carrier unit  610  may include wheels and a magnet coupled to a lower surface of the mobile carrier unit  610 . In some embodiments, the mobile carrier unit  610  may include a set of magnets disposed along a lower surface, where the mobile carrier unit  610  is configured to move using a linear induction motor. 
     The mobile carrier unit  610  may include one or more controllers  670  and a power source  690 . The power source  690  may be a battery, a capacitor bank, a wired power source, or another power source. A battery may be rechargeable, and a capacitor bank may be charged during motion of the mobile carrier unit  610 . The controller  670  may be configured to control operation of the mobile carrier unit  610 , such as determining where to direct the mobile carrier unit  610 , when to activate the dynamically configurable articulating surface  620 , and so forth. The mobile carrier unit  610  may, in some instances, use the controller  670  to execute commands received from a computer system associated with an item sorting system or other system on which the mobile carrier unit  610  is operating. 
     The dynamically configurable articulating surface  620  may include a plurality of individual tiles, one or more actuators, one or more optional hinges  670 , and one or more optional sensors  680 . The hinges  670  may be used to couple adjacent tiles to each other, such that actuation of one tile results in motion imparted to an adjacent tile via the hinge. In some embodiments, hinges may be used to impart motion to adjacent tiles while reducing the number of actuators needed. Hinges may be used to generate a saw formation of tiles, with one tile in an inclined position and an adjacent tile in a declined position, and so forth. Optional sensors  680  may be used to determine where an object is on the dynamically configurable articulating surface  620 , and to determine positioning or orientation of tiles based at least in part on object movement during transport. 
     A portion of the dynamically configurable articulating surface  620  is illustrated in a top schematic view in  FIG. 6 . The illustrated portion may be a center portion. The dynamically configurable articulating surface  620  may include a number of tiles. Tiles may be portions of the dynamically configurable articulating surface  620  that can rotate in one or more directions. Tiles may be coupled to a substrate using one or more rods, ball and socket joints, and/or other mechanical attachments, some of which may provide varying degrees of freedom and/or directions of rotation. Tiles may be rectangular, circular, convex, concave, or any other suitable geometry. Tiles may be individual and decoupled from other tiles in some embodiments, and may be coupled to each other in other embodiments. 
     The dynamically configurable articulating surface  620  may include a plurality of tiles that forms a surface on which to receive an object. The plurality of tiles may be arranged in rows and/or columns. For example, the plurality of tiles may include a first tile  622  in a first row and an eighth tile  636  in a first column. The plurality of tiles may include a second tile  624  adjacent to the first tile  622  in the first row, a third tile  626  adjacent to the second tile  624 , a fourth tile  628  adjacent to the third tile  626 , a fifth tile  630  adjacent to the fourth tile  628 , a sixth tile  632  adjacent to the fifth tile  630 , a seventh tile  634  adjacent to the sixth tile  632 , and so forth. Any number of tiles may be included in a row. 
     The plurality of tiles may include a first column of tiles, such as the first tile  622 , the eighth tile  636  which may be adjacent to the first tile  622 , a ninth tile  638  adjacent to the eighth tile  636 , a tenth tile  640  adjacent to the ninth tile  638 , and so forth. Any number of tiles may be included in a column. Although discussed in terms of rows and columns, any number of tiles may be arranged in an array, and rows or columns may be interchangeably used to describe tile arrangement based on an orientation of the dynamically configurable articulating surface  620 . 
     Some of the tiles may be coupled together. For example, the tiles in the first row may be coupled together using a first rod  650 , which may extend across some or all of the first row. Similarly, tiles in a fourth row may be coupled with a second rod  652 . A third rod  660  may be used to couple tiles in the first column. Although illustrated as extending across the entire rows in the portion of the dynamically configurable articulating surface  620  depicted in  FIG. 6 , in other embodiments, rods may extend across a partial number of tiles in a row or column. The rods may include protrusions that may engage detents or gears coupled to the respective tiles, and may be used to impart motion or rotation to the tiles. For example, rotation of the rods may result in rotation of the tiles to which the rod is coupled. 
     A number of actuators may be included. For example, a first actuator  654  may be used to actuate the first rod  650 , which in turn may cause motion of tiles coupled to the first rod  650 . In some embodiments, an additional actuator may be coupled to a second end of the first rod  650  to assist with rotation and/or to provide motion in the opposite direction, as illustrated in  FIG. 6 . A second actuator  656  may be coupled to the second rod  652  (along with an optional additional actuator at an opposite end). A third actuator  662  may be coupled to the third rod  660  at a first end, and a fourth actuator  664  may be coupled to the third rod  660  at a second end. Additional rods may be included, as illustrated in  FIG. 6 . 
     The rows may have rods oriented in and/or may be actuated in a first direction, and the columns may have rods oriented in and/or may be actuated in a second direction that may be perpendicular to the first direction. The actuators may be used to rotate the respective tiles in one or more directions (e.g., two opposite directions, etc.) in the illustrated embodiment. Actuators may be any suitable component configured to impart motion to the respective tiles, and may include electric motors, gears, and/or other components. 
     In the embodiment of  FIG. 6 , the dynamically configurable articulating surface  620  may include a first actuator coupled to the first tile and configured to actuate the first tile in a first direction (e.g., towards a top and/or bottom of the page, etc.), and a second actuator coupled to the second tile and configured to actuate the second tile in a second direction (e.g., toward either side of the page, etc.). The first actuator may also be coupled to the third tile and configured to actuate the third tile in the first direction, and the second actuator may be coupled to the fourth tile and configured to actuator the fourth tile in the second direction. A portion of the plurality of tiles of the dynamically configurable articulating surface  620  may be configured to be actuated into angled orientations at or near a perimeter of an object, such that the object is prevented from sliding along the surface past the portion of the plurality of tiles. In some embodiments, individual tiles may be coupled together using one or more hinges. 
     In some embodiments, the first row may be separated from an edge of the surface by a first distance. This may be because the first row may form a sidewall that is separate from a sidewall (e.g., the first sidewall  612 , etc.) that may be a part of the mobile carrier unit  610 . If the first row were immediately adjacent to the sidewall of the mobile carrier unit, the first row may provide limited benefit. The first column may be separated from the edge by a second distance that is greater than the first distance, such that the first column is farther from the sidewall of the mobile carrier unit  610  than the first row. In other words, in some embodiments, the first row does not form a perimeter of the articulating surface, and the first column does not extend across a width of the articulating surface. 
     In some embodiments, individual tiles may be coupled to individual actuators that are configured to move the respective tiles in a plurality of directions. In such instances, individual tiles of the plurality of tiles may be coupled to sensors, such as pressure sensors, that may allow for individual positioning of tiles based on movement of an object during travel. For example, if pressure increases on a tile, the tile may be moved into an increased angular position to prevent the object from jumping over the tile. 
       FIGS. 7-8  are schematic illustrations of a dynamically configurable articulating surface in various views in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. Other embodiments may include additional or fewer components. The illustrations of  FIGS. 7-8  may not be to scale, and may not be illustrated to scale with respect to other figures. dynamically configurable articulating surface illustrated in  FIGS. 7-8  may be the same dynamically configurable articulating surface discussed with respect to  FIGS. 1-6 . Although discussed in the context of sortation systems, mobile carrier units as described herein may be used with any equipment related to transport of objects, and dynamically configurable articulating surfaces may be used with any suitable vehicle. 
     In  FIG. 7 , a portion of a dynamically configurable articulating surface  700  is illustrated in perspective and detail views. The dynamically configurable articulating surface  700  may include a number of rows that may be actuated together. For example, a first row  710  may be coupled to an actuator via a rod that extends across the row, as illustrated in a lower perspective view  830  in  FIG. 8 . One or more rows may be actuated to generate angled surfaces. For example, the dynamically configurable articulating surface  700  may include a second row  720 , a third row  730 , a fourth row  740 , and a fifth row  750 . The second row  720  may be actuated in a first direction, and the third row  730  may be actuated in a second direction to create a first valley  820  as depicted in perspective view  800  of  FIG. 8  between the second row  720  and the third row  730 , and a second valley  810  may be formed between the fourth row  740  and the fifth row  750 . The fourth row  740  may be actuated in the first direction, and the fifth row  750  may be actuated in the second direction. A first peak  850  may be formed between the third row  730  and the fourth row  740 , and a second peak  840  may be formed between the dynamically configurable articulating surface  700  and the second row  720 , as depicted in  FIG. 8 . 
     In some embodiments, one of the second row  720  or third row  730  may be actuated, and the other row may be passively actuated as a result of coupling between tiles in the respective rows. For example, as depicted in the detail view in  FIG. 7 , a first tile  732  in the third row  730  may be coupled to a second tile  742  in the fourth row  740  via a hinge  734 . A first rod  762  may couple the first tile  732  to a first actuator, and the second tile  742  may be coupled to a passive substrate  770 . Movement of the first tile  732  may cause the second tile  742  to move in an opposite direction. Other embodiments may include actuators instead of, or in addition to, hinges or other coupling devices. 
       FIGS. 9-10  are schematic illustrations of a dynamically configurable articulating surface  900  in an example securing formation in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. Other embodiments may include additional or fewer components. The illustrations of  FIGS. 9-10  may not be to scale, and may not be illustrated to scale with respect to other figures. The dynamically configurable articulating surface illustrated in  FIGS. 9-10  may be the same dynamically configurable articulating surface discussed with respect to  FIGS. 1-8 . Although discussed in the context of sortation systems, mobile carrier units as described herein may be used with any equipment related to transport of objects, and dynamically configurable articulating surfaces may be used with any suitable vehicle. 
     In  FIG. 9 , the dynamically configurable articulating surface  900  is depicted in an example securing formation in a perspective view and a side view  940 . The securing formation may be a tile formation used to secure an object or to otherwise limit movement of an object on the dynamically configurable articulating surface  900  to a certain portion or region of the dynamically configurable articulating surface  900 . For example, the dynamically configurable articulating surface  900  may include a first set of inclined tiles  910 , a set of flat tiles  920 , and a second set of inclined tiles  930 . The first set of inclined tiles  910  may prevent objects from sliding along the dynamically configurable articulating surface  900  in a first direction, and the second set of inclined tiles  930  may prevent objects from sliding along the dynamically configurable articulating surface  900  in a second direction. 
     In  FIG. 10 , a dynamically configurable articulating surface  1000  (which may be the same dynamically configurable articulating surface as that illustrated in  FIG. 9 ), is depicted in a lower perspective view and a bottom view  1040 . As illustrated, the dynamically configurable articulating surface  1000  may include one or more rows or columns of tiles that are separated from a hinged portion of the dynamically configurable articulating surface  1000 . For example, flat tiles  1020  and/or flat tiles  920  may be hinged together using hinges  1050 ,  1060 , etc. and the respective first set of inclined tiles  1010  and/or second set of inclined tiles  1030  may be decoupled from the flat tiles  1020 , in that the inclined tiles may not be hinged to the tiles of the flat portion. The inclined tiles may be coupled to other tiles in their respective rows. In some embodiments, the inclined tiles may be positioned at an opposite angle, or a declined position, and may provide the same barrier to prevent movement of an object. 
       FIGS. 11-12  are schematic illustrations of an object secured by a dynamically configurable articulating surface  1100  in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. Other embodiments may include additional or fewer components. The illustration of  FIGS. 11-12  may not be to scale, and may not be illustrated to scale with respect to other figures. The dynamically configurable articulating surface illustrated in  FIGS. 11-12  may be the same dynamically configurable articulating surface discussed with respect to  FIGS. 1-10 . Although discussed in the context of sortation systems, mobile carrier units as described herein may be used with any equipment related to transport of objects, and dynamically configurable articulating surfaces may be used with any suitable vehicle. 
     In  FIGS. 11-12 , the dynamically configurable articulating surface  1100  is depicted in various views while securing an object  1110 , such as a box, using various orientations of tiles of the dynamically configurable articulating surface  1100 . The dynamically configurable articulating surface  1100  may include a number of tiles arranged to form barriers or sidewalls about the object  1100 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, a first set of tiles  1120  may be oriented such that tiles may have an inclined or declined orientation based on an approximate center of the object  1110 . For example, a first group of the tiles may have an inclined orientation, and a second group of the tiles may have the opposite orientation on an opposite side of the center of the object  1110 , as clearly illustrated with respect to a second set of tiles  1150  on an opposite side of the object  1110 . Both the first set of tiles  1120  and the second set of tiles  1150  may form a “V” shape near a center of the object  1110 , where the respective sets of tiles form barriers or sidewalls on either side of the object  1110 . In other embodiments, the tiles may be arranged in an alternating pattern to form a saw tooth arrangement that acts as a barrier. Types of orientations that can be formed may vary based at least in part on the number of actuators and the respective placement and coupling of the actuators. In the example of  FIGS. 11-12 , the actuators may be placed across rows, thereby enabling the illustrated arrangement. A third set of tiles  1130  may be in a declined arrangement, and a fourth set of tiles  1140  may be in an inclined arrangement to complete the barrier or sidewalls that at least partially surround the object  1110 . The object  1110  may therefore be secured on a particular portion of the dynamically configurable articulating surface  1100 . 
       FIG. 12  illustrates the dynamically configurable articulating surface  1100  in additional perspective and side views, and further illustrates a first group  1152  of the second set of tiles  1150  having a declined orientation, and a second group  1154  of the second set of tiles  1150  having an inclined orientation. As used herein, inclined and declined are merely to describe relative positioning, and not absolute positioning. Other configurations of tiles may be used. 
     The plurality of tiles of the dynamically configurable articulating surface  1100  may be configured to move the object  1100  along the surface via actuation during a loading or unloading process. Tiles in the first column  1150  may form a sidewall about the object with some inclined tiles, and some declined times. Other embodiments may use an arrangement of alternating inclined and declined tiles to form sidewalls or barriers. 
       FIG. 13  is a schematic illustration of an example process flow  1200  for using a dynamically configurable articulating surface in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. One or more of the blocks illustrated in  FIG. 13  may be performed in a different order. The process flow  1300  may be executed by one or more computer systems, such as one in communication with a mobile carrier unit and/or central control system for an item sortation system. 
     At optional block  1210 , computer-executable instructions stored on memory of a device, such as one or more servers or a controller, may be executed to initiate a loading tile sequence. For example, during an object loading process, the tiles of the dynamically configurable articulating surface on a mobile carrier unit may be actuated in a loading tile sequence. The loading tile sequence may be a sequence of tile movements to facilitate loading an object onto the mobile carrier unit, and, in some instances, to a particular location on the dynamically configurable articulating surface. For example, after the object is dropped onto, or otherwise placed on, the mobile carrier unit, the tiles of the articulating surface may be actuated in a wave sequence to push the object in a certain direction. The wave sequence may be actuating a certain set of tiles, such as a row or column, to a certain angle to urge the object in a certain direction, and then actuating a set of adjacent tiles to continue urging the object in the desired direction. When the object is in position, the loading tile sequence may be complete. 
     At block  1220 , computer-executable instructions stored on memory of a device, such as one or more servers or a controller, may be executed to determine the object is loaded onto the articulating surface. For example, in some embodiments, the controller may determine that the object is loaded onto the articulating surface based at least in part on completion of a loading tile sequence. In other embodiments, the controller may receive a signal indicating that the object is loaded onto the articulating system. For example, the controller may receive a signal from a camera, which indicates that the object is loaded, and may further indicate where on the articulating surface the object is positioned. In other embodiments, the controller may determine the object is loaded based at least in part on feedback from one or more sensors, such as pressure sensors, load sensors, and the like. 
     At block  1230 , computer-executable instructions stored on memory of a device, such as one or more servers or a controller, may be executed to determine an object boundary. The object boundary may be a perimeter or boundary about the object. The object boundary may be about a perimeter of the object (e.g., the perimeter surrounding the portion of the object in contact with the articulating surface, etc.), or may be separated from the perimeter. For example, the object boundary may be a boundary separated from the object sides that is the portion of the articulating surface to which the object is to be confined. To determine the object boundary, in one example, the controller may receive data from a camera or other computer system indicating where on the articulating surface the object is positioned, and may determine an object boundary surrounding the object on the articulating surface. The object boundary may be used to determine which tiles of the articulating surface to actuate, and/or the orientation for the tiles to be actuated. 
     At block  1240 , computer-executable instructions stored on memory of a device, such as one or more servers or a controller, may be executed to determine tile orientations about the object boundary. For example, the controller may determine what orientation to position the tiles that are to be actuated so as to form an effective boundary to secure the object. For example, based at least in part on available actuators and directions of motion, the controller may determine that tiles in a certain row are to be angled at opposite angle orientations along certain edges of the object boundary (e.g., as illustrated in  FIG. 11 , etc.), and that tiles in a different row are to be angled at the same angle orientations along certain edges of the object boundary. 
     At block  1250 , computer-executable instructions stored on memory of a device, such as one or more servers or a controller, may be executed to cause the tiles to move into respective orientations. For example, the controller may cause the tiles to move into the respective orientations. As a result, one or more effective sidewalls may be dynamically formed on the articulating surface, and may be used to secure the object. In some embodiments, the controller may receive instructions for positioning of the tiles from a different computer system, and may use the instructions to cause the tiles to move into the correct orientations via actuation of one or more actuators. 
     At optional block  1260 , computer-executable instructions stored on memory of a device, such as one or more servers or a controller, may be executed to initiate an unloading tile sequence. For example, during an object unloading process, the tiles of the dynamically configurable articulating surface on a mobile carrier unit may be actuated in an unloading tile sequence. The unloading tile sequence may be a sequence of tile movements to facilitate unloading an object onto the mobile carrier unit, and, in some instances, may be a reverse sequence of the loading sequence. For example, the tiles of the articulating surface may be actuated in a wave sequence to push the object in a certain direction (e.g., off the articulating surface, etc.). The wave sequence may be actuating a certain set of tiles, such as a row or column, to a certain angle to urge the object in a certain direction, and then actuating a set of adjacent tiles to continue urging the object in the desired direction. When the object is unloaded, the unloading tile sequence may be complete. 
     One or more operations of the methods, process flows, or use cases of  FIGS. 1-13  may have been described above as being performed by a user device, or more specifically, by one or more program module(s), applications, or the like executing on a device. It should be appreciated, however, that any of the operations of the methods, process flows, or use cases of  FIGS. 1-13  may be performed, at least in part, in a distributed manner by one or more other devices, or more specifically, by one or more program module(s), applications, or the like executing on such devices. In addition, it should be appreciated that processing performed in response to the execution of computer-executable instructions provided as part of an application, program module, or the like may be interchangeably described herein as being performed by the application or the program module itself or by a device on which the application, program module, or the like is executing. While the operations of the methods, process flows, or use cases of  FIGS. 1-13  may be described in the context of the illustrative devices, it should be appreciated that such operations may be implemented in connection with numerous other device configurations. 
     The operations described and depicted in the illustrative methods, process flows, and use cases of  FIGS. 1-13  may be carried out or performed in any suitable order, such as the depicted orders, as desired in various example embodiments of the disclosure. Additionally, in certain example embodiments, at least a portion of the operations may be carried out in parallel. Furthermore, in certain example embodiments, less, more, or different operations than those depicted in  FIGS. 1-13  may be performed. 
     Although specific embodiments of the disclosure have been described, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that numerous other modifications and alternative embodiments are within the scope of the disclosure. For example, any of the functionality and/or processing capabilities described with respect to a particular device or component may be performed by any other device or component. Further, while various illustrative implementations and architectures have been described in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that numerous other modifications to the illustrative implementations and architectures described herein are also within the scope of this disclosure. 
     Certain aspects of the disclosure are described above with reference to block and flow diagrams of systems, methods, apparatuses, and/or computer program products according to example embodiments. It will be understood that one or more blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and the flow diagrams, respectively, may be implemented by the execution of computer-executable program instructions. Likewise, some blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams may not necessarily need to be performed in the order presented, or may not necessarily need to be performed at all, according to some embodiments. Further, additional components and/or operations beyond those depicted in blocks of the block and/or flow diagrams may be present in certain embodiments. 
     Accordingly, blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of elements or steps for performing the specified functions, and program instruction means for performing the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flow diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flow diagrams, may be implemented by special-purpose, hardware-based computer systems that perform the specified functions, elements or steps, or combinations of special-purpose hardware and computer instructions. 
     Illustrative Computer Architecture 
       FIG. 14  is a schematic block diagram of one or more illustrative computer system(s)  1300  in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the disclosure. The computer system(s)  1300  may be the controller of the dynamically configurable articulating surfaces and/or the mobile carrier units described with respect to  FIGS. 1-13 , and may include any suitable computing device including, but not limited to, a server system, a voice interaction device, a mobile device such as a smartphone, a tablet, an e-reader, a wearable device, or the like; a desktop computer; a laptop computer; a content streaming device; or the like. The computer system(s)  1300  may correspond to an illustrative device configuration for the controller(s) or computer system(s) of  FIGS. 1-13 . 
     The computer system(s)  1300  may be configured to communicate with one or more servers, user devices, or the like. The computer system(s)  1300  may be configured to control one or more mobile carrier unit and/or dynamically configurable articulating surface components. 
     The computer system(s)  1300  may be configured to communicate via one or more networks. Such network(s) may include, but are not limited to, any one or more different types of communications networks such as, for example, cable networks, public networks (e.g., the Internet), private networks (e.g., frame-relay networks), wireless networks, cellular networks, telephone networks (e.g., a public switched telephone network), or any other suitable private or public packet-switched or circuit-switched networks. Further, such network(s) may have any suitable communication range associated therewith and may include, for example, global networks (e.g., the Internet), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), or personal area networks (PANs). In addition, such network(s) may include communication links and associated networking devices (e.g., link-layer switches, routers, etc.) for transmitting network traffic over any suitable type of medium including, but not limited to, coaxial cable, twisted-pair wire (e.g., twisted-pair copper wire), optical fiber, a hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) medium, a microwave medium, a radio frequency communication medium, a satellite communication medium, or any combination thereof. 
     In an illustrative configuration, the computer system(s)  1300  may include one or more processors (processor(s))  1302 , one or more memory devices  1304  (also referred to herein as memory  1304 ), one or more input/output (I/O) interface(s)  1306 , one or more network interface(s)  1308 , one or more sensor(s) or sensor interface(s)  1310 , one or more transceiver(s)  1312 , one or more optional display(s)  1314 , one or more optional microphone(s)  1316 , and data storage  1320 . The computer system(s)  1300  may further include one or more bus(es)  1318  that functionally couple various components of the computer system(s)  1300 . The computer system(s)  1300  may further include one or more antenna(s)  1330  that may include, without limitation, a cellular antenna for transmitting or receiving signals to/from a cellular network infrastructure, an antenna for transmitting or receiving Wi-Fi signals to/from an access point (AP), a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) antenna for receiving GNSS signals from a GNSS satellite, a Bluetooth antenna for transmitting or receiving Bluetooth signals, a Near Field Communication (NFC) antenna for transmitting or receiving NFC signals, and so forth. These various components will be described in more detail hereinafter. 
     The bus(es)  1318  may include at least one of a system bus, a memory bus, an address bus, or a message bus, and may permit the exchange of information (e.g., data (including computer-executable code), signaling, etc.) between various components of the computer system(s)  1300 . The bus(es)  1318  may include, without limitation, a memory bus or a memory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, and so forth. The bus(es)  1318  may be associated with any suitable bus architecture including, without limitation, an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA), a Micro Channel Architecture (MCA), an Enhanced ISA (EISA), a Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) architecture, an Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) architecture, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) architecture, a PCI-Express architecture, a Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) architecture, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) architecture, and so forth. 
     The memory  1304  of the computer system(s)  1300  may include volatile memory (memory that maintains its state when supplied with power) such as random access memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory (memory that maintains its state even when not supplied with power) such as read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, ferroelectric RAM (FRAM), and so forth. Persistent data storage, as that term is used herein, may include non-volatile memory. In certain example embodiments, volatile memory may enable faster read/write access than non-volatile memory. However, in certain other example embodiments, certain types of non-volatile memory (e.g., FRAM) may enable faster read/write access than certain types of volatile memory. 
     In various implementations, the memory  1304  may include multiple different types of memory such as various types of static random access memory (SRAM), various types of dynamic random access memory (DRAM), various types of unalterable ROM, and/or writeable variants of ROM such as electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, and so forth. The memory  1304  may include main memory as well as various forms of cache memory such as instruction cache(s), data cache(s), translation lookaside buffer(s) (TLBs), and so forth. Further, cache memory such as a data cache may be a multi-level cache organized as a hierarchy of one or more cache levels (L1, L2, etc.). 
     The data storage  1320  may include removable storage and/or non-removable storage including, but not limited to, magnetic storage, optical disk storage, and/or tape storage. The data storage  1320  may provide non-volatile storage of computer-executable instructions and other data. The memory  1304  and the data storage  1320 , removable and/or non-removable, are examples of computer-readable storage media (CRSM) as that term is used herein. 
     The data storage  1320  may store computer-executable code, instructions, or the like that may be loadable into the memory  1304  and executable by the processor(s)  1302  to cause the processor(s)  1302  to perform or initiate various operations. The data storage  1320  may additionally store data that may be copied to the memory  1304  for use by the processor(s)  1302  during the execution of the computer-executable instructions. Moreover, output data generated as a result of execution of the computer-executable instructions by the processor(s)  1302  may be stored initially in the memory  1304 , and may ultimately be copied to the data storage  1320  for non-volatile storage. 
     More specifically, the data storage  1320  may store one or more operating systems (O/S)  1322 ; one or more database management systems (DBMS)  1324 ; and one or more program module(s), applications, engines, computer-executable code, scripts, or the like. Some or all of these module(s) may be sub-module(s). Any of the components depicted as being stored in the data storage  1320  may include any combination of software, firmware, and/or hardware. The software and/or firmware may include computer-executable code, instructions, or the like that may be loaded into the memory  1304  for execution by one or more of the processor(s)  1302 . Any of the components depicted as being stored in the data storage  1320  may support functionality described in reference to corresponding components named earlier in this disclosure. 
     The data storage  1320  may further store various types of data utilized by the components of the computer system(s)  1300 . Any data stored in the data storage  1320  may be loaded into the memory  1304  for use by the processor(s)  1302  in executing computer-executable code. In addition, any data depicted as being stored in the data storage  1320  may potentially be stored in one or more datastore(s) and may be accessed via the DBMS  1324  and loaded in the memory  1304  for use by the processor(s)  1302  in executing computer-executable code. The datastore(s) may include, but are not limited to, databases (e.g., relational, object-oriented, etc.), file systems, flat files, distributed datastores in which data is stored on more than one node of a computer network, peer-to-peer network datastores, or the like. 
     The processor(s)  1302  may be configured to access the memory  1304  and execute the computer-executable instructions loaded therein. For example, the processor(s)  1302  may be configured to execute the computer-executable instructions of the various program module(s), applications, engines, or the like of the computer system(s)  1300  to cause or facilitate various operations to be performed in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure. The processor(s)  1302  may include any suitable processing unit capable of accepting data as input, processing the input data in accordance with stored computer-executable instructions, and generating output data. The processor(s)  1302  may include any type of suitable processing unit including, but not limited to, a central processing unit, a microprocessor, a Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) microprocessor, a Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) microprocessor, a microcontroller, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a System-on-a-Chip (SoC), a digital signal processor (DSP), and so forth. Further, the processor(s)  1302  may have any suitable microarchitecture design that includes any number of constituent components such as, for example, registers, multiplexers, arithmetic logic units, cache controllers for controlling read/write operations to cache memory, branch predictors, or the like. The microarchitecture design of the processor(s)  1302  may be capable of supporting any of a variety of instruction sets. 
     Referring now to other illustrative components depicted as being stored in the data storage  1320 , the O/S  1322  may be loaded from the data storage  1320  into the memory  1304  and may provide an interface between other application software executing on the computer system(s)  1300  and the hardware resources of the computer system(s)  1300 . More specifically, the O/S  1322  may include a set of computer-executable instructions for managing the hardware resources of the computer system(s)  1300  and for providing common services to other application programs (e.g., managing memory allocation among various application programs). In certain example embodiments, the O/S  1322  may control execution of the other program module(s). The O/S  1322  may include any operating system now known or which may be developed in the future including, but not limited to, any server operating system, any mainframe operating system, or any other proprietary or non-proprietary operating system. 
     The DBMS  1324  may be loaded into the memory  1304  and may support functionality for accessing, retrieving, storing, and/or manipulating data stored in the memory  1304  and/or data stored in the data storage  1320 . The DBMS  1324  may use any of a variety of database models (e.g., relational model, object model, etc.) and may support any of a variety of query languages. The DBMS  1324  may access data represented in one or more data schemas and stored in any suitable data repository including, but not limited to, databases (e.g., relational, object-oriented, etc.), file systems, flat files, distributed datastores in which data is stored on more than one node of a computer network, peer-to-peer network datastores, or the like. In those example embodiments in which the computer system(s)  1300  is a mobile device, the DBMS  1324  may be any suitable lightweight DBMS optimized for performance on a mobile device. 
     Referring now to other illustrative components of the computer system(s)  1300 , the input/output (I/O) interface(s)  1306  may facilitate the receipt of input information by the computer system(s)  1300  from one or more I/O devices as well as the output of information from the computer system(s)  1300  to the one or more I/O devices. The I/O devices may include any of a variety of components such as a display or display screen having a touch surface or touchscreen; an audio output device for producing sound, such as a speaker; an audio capture device, such as a microphone; an image and/or video capture device, such as a camera; a haptic unit; and so forth. Any of these components may be integrated into the computer system(s)  1300  or may be separate. The I/O devices may further include, for example, any number of peripheral devices such as data storage devices, printing devices, and so forth. 
     The I/O interface(s)  1306  may also include an interface for an external peripheral device connection such as universal serial bus (USB), FireWire, Thunderbolt, Ethernet port or other connection protocol that may connect to one or more networks. The I/O interface(s)  1306  may also include a connection to one or more of the antenna(s)  1330  to connect to one or more networks via a wireless local area network (WLAN) (such as Wi-Fi) radio, Bluetooth, ZigBee, and/or a wireless network radio, such as a radio capable of communication with a wireless communication network such as a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, WiMAX network, 3G network, a ZigBee network, etc. 
     The computer system(s)  1300  may further include one or more network interface(s)  1308  via which the computer system(s)  1300  may communicate with any of a variety of other systems, platforms, networks, devices, and so forth. The network interface(s)  1308  may enable communication, for example, with one or more wireless routers, one or more host servers, one or more web servers, and the like via one or more networks. 
     The antenna(s)  1330  may include any suitable type of antenna depending, for example, on the communications protocols used to transmit or receive signals via the antenna(s)  1330 . Non-limiting examples of suitable antennae may include directional antennae, non-directional antennae, dipole antennae, folded dipole antennae, patch antennae, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennae, or the like. The antenna(s)  1330  may be communicatively coupled to one or more transceivers  1312  or radio components to which or from which signals may be transmitted or received. 
     As previously described, the antenna(s)  1330  may include a cellular antenna configured to transmit or receive signals in accordance with established standards and protocols, such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), 3G standards (e.g., Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA), CDMA2000, etc.), 4G standards (e.g., Long-Term Evolution (LTE), WiMax, etc.), direct satellite communications, or the like. 
     The antenna(s)  1330  may additionally, or alternatively, include a Wi-Fi antenna configured to transmit or receive signals in accordance with established standards and protocols, such as the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, including via 2.4 GHz channels (e.g., 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n), 5 GHz channels (e.g., 802.11n, 802.11ac), or 60 GHz channels (e.g., 802.11 ad). In alternative example embodiments, the antenna(s)  1330  may be configured to transmit or receive radio frequency signals within any suitable frequency range forming part of the unlicensed portion of the radio spectrum. 
     The antenna(s)  1330  may additionally, or alternatively, include a GNSS antenna configured to receive GNSS signals from three or more GNSS satellites carrying time-position information to triangulate a position therefrom. Such a GNSS antenna may be configured to receive GNSS signals from any current or planned GNSS such as, for example, the Global Positioning System (GPS), the GLONASS System, the Compass Navigation System, the Galileo System, or the Indian Regional Navigational System. 
     The transceiver(s)  1312  may include any suitable radio component(s) for—in cooperation with the antenna(s)  1330 —transmitting or receiving radio frequency (RF) signals in the bandwidth and/or channels corresponding to the communications protocols utilized by the computer system(s)  1300  to communicate with other devices. The transceiver(s)  1312  may include hardware, software, and/or firmware for modulating, transmitting, or receiving—potentially in cooperation with any of antenna(s)  1330 —communications signals according to any of the communications protocols discussed above including, but not limited to, one or more Wi-Fi and/or Wi-Fi direct protocols, as standardized by the IEEE 802.11 standards, one or more non-Wi-Fi protocols, or one or more cellular communications protocols or standards. The transceiver(s)  1312  may further include hardware, firmware, or software for receiving GNSS signals. The transceiver(s)  1312  may include any known receiver and baseband suitable for communicating via the communications protocols utilized by the computer system(s)  1300 . The transceiver(s)  1312  may further include a low noise amplifier (LNA), additional signal amplifiers, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, one or more buffers, a digital baseband, or the like. 
     The sensor(s)/sensor interface(s)  1310  may include or may be capable of interfacing with any suitable type of sensing device such as, for example, inertial sensors, force sensors, thermal sensors, photocells, and so forth. Example types of inertial sensors may include accelerometers (e.g., MEMS-based accelerometers), gyroscopes, and so forth. 
     The optional display(s)  1314  may be configured to output light and/or render content. The optional speaker(s)/microphone(s)  1316  may be any device configured to receive analog sound input or voice data. 
     It should be appreciated that the program module(s), applications, computer-executable instructions, code, or the like depicted in  FIG. 14  as being stored in the data storage  1320  are merely illustrative and not exhaustive and that processing described as being supported by any particular module may alternatively be distributed across multiple module(s) or performed by a different module. In addition, various program module(s), script(s), plug-in(s), Application Programming Interface(s) (API(s)), or any other suitable computer-executable code hosted locally on the computer system(s)  1300 , and/or hosted on other computing device(s) accessible via one or more networks, may be provided to support functionality provided by the program module(s), applications, or computer-executable code depicted in  FIG. 14  and/or additional or alternate functionality. Further, functionality may be modularized differently such that processing described as being supported collectively by the collection of program module(s) depicted in  FIG. 14  may be performed by a fewer or greater number of module(s), or functionality described as being supported by any particular module may be supported, at least in part, by another module. In addition, program module(s) that support the functionality described herein may form part of one or more applications executable across any number of systems or devices in accordance with any suitable computing model such as, for example, a client-server model, a peer-to-peer model, and so forth. In addition, any of the functionality described as being supported by any of the program module(s) depicted in  FIG. 14  may be implemented, at least partially, in hardware and/or firmware across any number of devices. 
     It should further be appreciated that the computer system(s)  1300  may include alternate and/or additional hardware, software, or firmware components beyond those described or depicted without departing from the scope of the disclosure. More particularly, it should be appreciated that software, firmware, or hardware components depicted as forming part of the computer system(s)  1300  are merely illustrative and that some components may not be present or additional components may be provided in various embodiments. While various illustrative program module(s) have been depicted and described as software module(s) stored in the data storage  1320 , it should be appreciated that functionality described as being supported by the program module(s) may be enabled by any combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware. It should further be appreciated that each of the above-mentioned module(s) may, in various embodiments, represent a logical partitioning of supported functionality. This logical partitioning is depicted for ease of explanation of the functionality and may not be representative of the structure of software, hardware, and/or firmware for implementing the functionality. Accordingly, it should be appreciated that functionality described as being provided by a particular module may, in various embodiments, be provided at least in part by one or more other module(s). Further, one or more depicted module(s) may not be present in certain embodiments, while in other embodiments, additional module(s) not depicted may be present and may support at least a portion of the described functionality and/or additional functionality. Moreover, while certain module(s) may be depicted and described as sub-module(s) of another module, in certain embodiments, such module(s) may be provided as independent module(s) or as sub-module(s) of other module(s). 
     One or more operations of the methods, process flows, and use cases of  FIGS. 1-13  may be performed by a device having the illustrative configuration depicted in  FIG. 14 , or more specifically, by one or more engines, program module(s), applications, or the like executable on such a device. It should be appreciated, however, that such operations may be implemented in connection with numerous other device configurations. 
     The operations described and depicted in the illustrative methods and process flows of any of  FIGS. 1-13  may be carried out or performed in any suitable order as desired in various example embodiments of the disclosure. Additionally, in certain example embodiments, at least a portion of the operations may be carried out in parallel. Furthermore, in certain example embodiments, less, more, or different operations than those depicted in  FIGS. 1-13  may be performed. 
     Although specific embodiments of the disclosure have been described, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that numerous other modifications and alternative embodiments are within the scope of the disclosure. For example, any of the functionality and/or processing capabilities described with respect to a particular device or component may be performed by any other device or component. Further, while various illustrative implementations and architectures have been described in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that numerous other modifications to the illustrative implementations and architectures described herein are also within the scope of this disclosure. 
     Certain aspects of the disclosure are described above with reference to block and flow diagrams of systems, methods, apparatuses, and/or computer program products according to example embodiments. It will be understood that one or more blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and the flow diagrams, respectively, may be implemented by execution of computer-executable program instructions. Likewise, some blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams may not necessarily need to be performed in the order presented, or may not necessarily need to be performed at all, according to some embodiments. Further, additional components and/or operations beyond those depicted in blocks of the block and/or flow diagrams may be present in certain embodiments. 
     Accordingly, blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of elements or steps for performing the specified functions, and program instruction means for performing the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flow diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flow diagrams, may be implemented by special-purpose, hardware-based computer systems that perform the specified functions, elements or steps, or combinations of special-purpose hardware and computer instructions. 
     Program module(s), applications, or the like disclosed herein may include one or more software components including, for example, software objects, methods, data structures, or the like. Each such software component may include computer-executable instructions that, responsive to execution, cause at least a portion of the functionality described herein (e.g., one or more operations of the illustrative methods described herein) to be performed. 
     A software component may be coded in any of a variety of programming languages. An illustrative programming language may be a lower-level programming language such as an assembly language associated with a particular hardware architecture and/or operating system platform. A software component comprising assembly language instructions may require conversion into executable machine code by an assembler prior to execution by the hardware architecture and/or platform. 
     Another example programming language may be a higher-level programming language that may be portable across multiple architectures. A software component comprising higher-level programming language instructions may require conversion to an intermediate representation by an interpreter or a compiler prior to execution. 
     Other examples of programming languages include, but are not limited to, a macro language, a shell or command language, a job control language, a script language, a database query or search language, or a report writing language. In one or more example embodiments, a software component comprising instructions in one of the foregoing examples of programming languages may be executed directly by an operating system or other software component without having to be first transformed into another form. 
     A software component may be stored as a file or other data storage construct. Software components of a similar type or functionally related may be stored together such as, for example, in a particular directory, folder, or library. Software components may be static (e.g., pre-established or fixed) or dynamic (e.g., created or modified at the time of execution). 
     Software components may invoke or be invoked by other software components through any of a wide variety of mechanisms. Invoked or invoking software components may comprise other custom-developed application software, operating system functionality (e.g., device drivers, data storage (e.g., file management) routines, other common routines and services, etc.), or third-party software components (e.g., middleware, encryption, or other security software, database management software, file transfer or other network communication software, mathematical or statistical software, image processing software, and format translation software). 
     Software components associated with a particular solution or system may reside and be executed on a single platform or may be distributed across multiple platforms. The multiple platforms may be associated with more than one hardware vendor, underlying chip technology, or operating system. Furthermore, software components associated with a particular solution or system may be initially written in one or more programming languages, but may invoke software components written in another programming language. 
     Computer-executable program instructions may be loaded onto a special-purpose computer or other particular machine, a processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a particular machine, such that execution of the instructions on the computer, processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus causes one or more functions or operations specified in the flow diagrams to be performed. These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium (CRSM) that upon execution may direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement one or more functions or operations specified in the flow diagrams. The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational elements or steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process. 
     Additional types of CRSM that may be present in any of the devices described herein may include, but are not limited to, programmable random access memory (PRAM), SRAM, DRAM, RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the information and which can be accessed. Combinations of any of the above are also included within the scope of CRSM. Alternatively, computer-readable communication media (CRCM) may include computer-readable instructions, program module(s), or other data transmitted within a data signal, such as a carrier wave, or other transmission. However, as used herein, CRSM does not include CRCM. 
     Although embodiments have been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described. Rather, the specific features and acts are disclosed as illustrative forms of implementing the embodiments. Conditional language, such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” or “may,” unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments could include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements, and/or steps. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements, and/or steps are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without user input or prompting, whether these features, elements, and/or steps are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment.