Patent Publication Number: US-11029777-B2

Title: Touch sensing device and display apparatus including the same

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of the Korean Patent Application No. 10-2018-0170728 filed on Dec. 27, 2018, which is hereby incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. 
     FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to a touch sensing device, and more particularly, to a touch sensing device for sensing a touch applied to a display panel. 
     BACKGROUND 
     With the advancement of information-oriented society, various requirements for display apparatuses for displaying an image are increasing. Recently, various types of display apparatuses such as Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) display are being practically used. 
     Recently, display apparatuses including a touch screen panel for sensing a touch input based on a stylus pen or a finger of a user are being widely used without depending on conventional input manners such as buttons, keyboards, and mouse devices. The display apparatuses including the touch screen panel include a touch sensing device for accurately detecting the presence of a touch and touch coordinates (a touch position). 
     The touch sensing device drives touch electrodes disposed in the touch screen panel to detect a touch sensing signal and detects touch information such as the presence of a touch or a touch position by using the touch sensing signal. 
     In a related art touch sensing device, an undesired parasitic capacitance may occur between touch driving patterns and peripheral conductors at the inside or outside of a touch screen in a process of driving the touch screen to sense a touch. When a touch is sensed as a capacitive type in a state where a parasitic capacitance occurs inside or outside the touch screen panel, touch sensitivity may be greatly reduced due to the parasitic capacitance. Such a problem may more severely occur in a case where the touch screen panel is embedded into a display panel. 
     Particularly, in plastic organic light emitting diode (pOLED) displays of which the use is increasing in smartphones and the like, as a thickness of each smartphone is progressively thinned, a high parasitic capacitance occurs between a touch screen panel and a cathode electrode of a plastic OLED. Due to the high parasitic capacitance, it is difficult to design a sensing amplifier based on a feedback factor of a touch sensing device for sensing a touch. 
     Moreover, since a feedback capacitor applied to a sensing amplifier of a touch sensing device should increase due to an increase in a parasitic capacitance, a design area of the touch sensing device increases, and moreover, an output signal of the sensing amplifier is reduced. 
     In addition, display noise may penetrate into a touch screen panel due to a parasitic capacitance, causing the degradation in signal noise ratio (SNR) characteristic. 
     SUMMARY 
     Accordingly, the present disclosure is directed to providing a touch sensing device and a display apparatus including the same that substantially obviate one or more problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art. 
     An aspect of the present disclosure is directed to providing a touch sensing device and a display apparatus including the same, which prevent touch sensing performance from being reduced by a parasitic capacitance. 
     Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to providing a touch sensing device and a display apparatus including the same, which remove common noise from a reception signal received through a touch sensing line. 
     Additional advantages and features of the disclosure will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the disclosure. The objectives and other advantages of the disclosure may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings. 
     To achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the disclosure, as embodied and broadly described herein, there is provided a touch sensing device including: a plurality of buffers buffering a difference between a reference signal and a reception signal received from a touch electrode through a touch sensing line and generating first and second currents corresponding to a buffered signal; a plurality of current mirror unit respectively connected to the plurality of buffers to generate a first output signal from a first mirror current generated through mirroring of the first current and a third mirror current generated through mirroring of the second current and generate a second output signal from a second mirror current generated through mirroring of the first current and a fourth mirror current generated through mirroring of the second current; a plurality of filter circuits generating a first filter signal and a second filter signal by removing common noise included in a first output signal output from an n th  (where n is an integer natural number of 2 or more) current mirror unit of the plurality of current mirror units and a second output signal output from an (n−1) th  current mirror unit of the plurality of current mirror units; and a plurality of integrators respectively connected to the plurality of filter circuits to integrate and output a difference between the first filter signal and the second filter signal respectively output from the plurality of filter circuits. 
     In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a touch sensing device including a first buffer connected to a first touch electrode through a first touch sensing line, the first buffer including a first output circuit including a first pull-up circuit having a cascode configuration and a first pull-down circuit having a cascode configuration; a second buffer connected to a second touch electrode through a second touch sensing line, the second buffer including a second output circuit including a second pull-up circuit having a cascode configuration and a second pull-down circuit having a cascode configuration; a first current mirror unit connected to the first buffer to generate a first mirror current by performing a mirroring operation on a first current flowing in the first pull-up circuit and to generate a third mirror current by performing a mirroring operation on a second current flowing in the first pull-down circuit; a second current mirror unit connected to the second buffer to generate a second mirror current by performing a mirroring operation on a first current flowing in the second pull-up circuit and to generate a fourth mirror current by performing a mirroring operation on a second current flowing in the second pull-down circuit; a filter circuit generating a first filter signal and a second filter signal by removing common noise included in a first output signal generated from the first mirror current and the third mirror current and a second output signal generated from the second mirror current and the fourth mirror current; and an integrator connected to the filter circuit to integrate and output a difference between the first filter signal and the second filter signal. 
     In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a display apparatus including: a touch screen panel including a plurality of touch electrodes and a plurality of touch sensing lines connected to the plurality of touch electrodes to each transmit a reception signal corresponding to a capacitance generated in a corresponding touch electrode; and a touch sensing device connected to the plurality of touch sensing lines to sense whether a touch is applied thereto, wherein the touch sensing device includes: a plurality of buffers respectively connected to the plurality of touch sensing lines to each buffer a difference between a reference signal and a reception signal received from a corresponding touch electrode through a corresponding touch sensing line and generate first and second currents corresponding to a buffered signal; a plurality of current mirror unit respectively connected to the plurality of buffers to generate a first output signal from a first mirror current generated through mirroring of the first current and a third mirror current generated through mirroring of the second current and generate a second output signal from a second mirror current generated through mirroring of the first current and a fourth mirror current generated through mirroring of the second current; a plurality of filter circuits performing a differential operation on a first output signal output from an n th  (where n is a natural number of 2 or more) current mirror unit of the plurality of current mirror units and a second output signal output from an (n−1) th  current mirror unit of the plurality of current mirror units to generate the first filter signal where common noise is removed from the first output signal and the second filter signal where the common noise is removed from the second output signal; a plurality of integrators respectively connected to the plurality of buffers to integrate and output a difference between the first filter signal and the second filter signal respectively output from the plurality of filter circuits. 
     It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present disclosure are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure as claimed. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the principle of the disclosure. In the drawings: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a display apparatus including a touch sensing device according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a circuit diagram for describing an operation of the touch sensing device illustrated in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a circuit diagram illustrating a buffer and a current mirror unit each illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 2 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a diagram illustrating an example of a circuit diagram of a filter circuit each illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 2 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a circuit diagram for describing mutual capacitance sensing by using a touch sensing device according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 6  is a circuit diagram for describing self-capacitance sensing by using a touch sensing device according to an embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 7  is a block diagram of a display apparatus including a touch sensing device and an I/Q demodulator according to another embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the specification, it should be noted that like reference numerals already used to denote like elements in other drawings are used for elements wherever possible. In the following description, when a function and a configuration known to those skilled in the art are irrelevant to the essential configuration of the present disclosure, their detailed descriptions will be omitted. The terms described in the specification should be understood as follows. 
     Advantages and features of the present disclosure, and implementation methods thereof will be clarified through following embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. Further, the present disclosure is only defined by scopes of claims. 
     A shape, a size, a ratio, an angle, and a number disclosed in the drawings for describing embodiments of the present disclosure are merely an example, and thus, the present disclosure is not limited to the illustrated details. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, when the detailed description of the relevant known function or configuration is determined to unnecessarily obscure the important point of the present disclosure, the detailed description will be omitted. 
     In a case where ‘comprise’, ‘have’, and ‘include’ described in the present specification are used, another part may be added unless ‘only˜’ is used. The terms of a singular form may include plural forms unless referred to the contrary. 
     In construing an element, the element is construed as including an error range although there is no explicit description. 
     In describing a position relationship, for example, when a position relation between two parts is described as ‘on˜’, ‘over˜’, ‘under˜’, and ‘next˜’, one or more other parts may be disposed between the two parts unless ‘just’ or ‘direct’ is used. 
     In describing a time relationship, for example, when the temporal order is described as ‘after˜’, ‘subsequent˜’, ‘next˜’, and ‘before˜’, a case which is not continuous may be included unless ‘just’ or ‘direct’ is used. 
     It will be understood that, although the terms “first”, “second”, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. 
     An X axis direction, a Y axis direction, and a Z axis direction should not be construed as only a geometric relationship where a relationship therebetween is vertical, and may denote having a broader directionality within a scope where elements of the present disclosure operate functionally. 
     The term “at least one” should be understood as including any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. For example, the meaning of “at least one of a first item, a second item, and a third item” denotes the combination of all items proposed from two or more of the first item, the second item, and the third item as well as the first item, the second item, or the third item. 
     Features of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be partially or overall coupled to or combined with each other, and may be variously inter-operated with each other and driven technically as those skilled in the art can sufficiently understand. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be carried out independently from each other, or may be carried out together in co-dependent relationship. 
     Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a display apparatus including a touch sensing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to  FIG. 1 , the display device  100 B may include a touch screen panel (TSP)  103  and a touch sensing device  110 B. The touch sensing device  110 B may be packaged as a semiconductor package. 
     The display device  100 B may be a mobile device, and the mobile device may be implemented as a laptop computer, a smartphone, a Mobile Internet device (MID), or an Internet of things (IoT) device. In an embodiment, the display device  100 B may be a display apparatus including a plastic organic light emitting diode (pOLED) display panel. 
     The touch screen panel  103  may include a plurality of touch driving lines TX 1  to TXm (where m is an integer of 2 or more) through which a touch driving signal is transmitted, a plurality of touch electrodes  107 , and a plurality of touch sensing lines  105 - 1  to  105 - n  (where n is an integer of 2 or more) through which voltages (or electric charges) of the touch electrodes  107  are transmitted. Each of the touch electrodes  107  may include a mutual capacitor. The touch sensing lines  105 - 1  to  105 - n  may denote sensing lines of the touch screen panel  103 . In an embodiment, the touch screen panel  103  may be implemented as a type which is embedded into the display device  100 B. For example, the touch screen panel  103  may be disposed as an on-cell type in the display device  100 B. 
     In  FIG. 1 , the touch screen panel  103  is illustrated as a mutual-capacitive touch screen panel including the touch driving lines TX 1  to TXm and the touch sensing lines  105 - 1  to  105 - n . However, the present invention is not limited thereto and may be applied to a self-capacitive touch screen panel where the supply of the touch driving signal and reception of a capacitance generated based on a user touch or a touch of a stylus pen are performed through one touch sensing line. 
     The touch sensing device  100 B senses a touch applied to the touch screen panel  103 . In an embodiment, the touch sensing device  100 B may supply the touch driving signal to the touch electrodes  107  to drive the touch electrodes  107  and may sense a variation of a capacitance caused by a touch applied to each of the touch electrodes  107 . To this end, the touch sensing device  100 B may further include a touch driving signal supply unit (not shown) which supplies the touch driving signal to the touch electrodes  107  through the touch driving lines TX 1  to TXm. 
     The touch sensing device  100 B may include a plurality of buffers  120 - 1  to  120 - n  connected to the touch sensing lines  105 - 1  to  105 - n , a plurality of current mirror units  130 - 1  to  130 - n , a plurality of filter circuits  150 - 1  to  150 -( n +1), and a plurality of integrators  140 - 1  to  140 -( n +1). In the drawings, a reference sign illustrated as a small circle may denote an inverting terminal. 
     The plurality of buffers  120 - 1  to  120 - n  buffer a difference between a reference signal REF and each of reception signals RX 1  to RXn respectively received through the touch sensing lines  105 - 1  to  105 - n  and output buffered signals BF 1  to BFn. Output terminals, outputting output signals OUT 1  to OUTn, of the buffers  120 - 1  to  120 - n  are respectively connected to input terminals, receiving the reception signals RX 1  to RXn, of the buffers  120 - 1  to  120 - n.    
     In an embodiment, each of the buffers  120 - 1  to  120 - n  may be implemented as an operational amplifier having a voltage gain of 1. In this case, each of buffers  120 - 1  to  120 - n  of a first stage may be a unit gain buffer, a unit gain amplifier, or a buffer amplifier. 
     According to an embodiment of the present invention, the touch sensing lines  105 - 1  to  105 - n  are respectively and directly connected to the buffers  120 - 1  to  120 - n , and thus, an additional circuit (for example, a multiplexer (MUX)) may not be needed between each of the buffers  120 - 1  to  120 - n  and a corresponding touch sensing line of the touch sensing lines  105 - 1  to  105 - n.    
     Moreover, according to an embodiment of the present invention, since the touch sensing lines  105 - 1  to  105 - n  are respectively and directly connected to the buffers  120 - 1  to  120 - n , signals may be simultaneously generated in all transmission channels. Here, each of the transmission channels may denote a circuit which includes a buffer, a current mirror unit, and an integrator each needed for processing the reception signals RX 1  to RXn. 
     Therefore, comparing with a conventional time sequence manner where a touch sensing device sequentially senses transmission channels, a sensing time of the touch sensing device  110 B may not increase or may be considerably shortened, and moreover, the degradation in signal quality caused by a time sequence-based sensing time difference may not occur or may be considerably reduced. 
     In a conventional method where one touch sensing line is connected to two channels and differential sensing is performed, there may be a problem where an amplitude of a sensing signal decreases by half. However, according to an embodiment of the present invention, since the touch sensing lines  105 - 1  to  105 - n  are respectively and directly connected to the buffers  120 - 1  to  120 - n , an amplitude of a sensing signal may not be reduced, and thus, a sensing signal having a high signal noise ratio (SNR) may be obtained. 
     Moreover, a first stage of each transmission channel may be configured with a plurality of buffers  120 - 1  to  120 - n , thereby solving a problem where it is difficult to design an amplifier due to a limitation of a feedback factor caused by a high capacitance load (for example, difficulty caused by an amplification speed and current consumption) and a design area increases due to the use of a large feedback capacitor. 
     In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the reference signal REF for single-ended conversion may be selectively used in a first transmission channel and a last transmission channel, and thus, algorithm processing may be easily performed on the reception signals RX 1  to RXn. For example, the algorithm may determine a transmission channel, where noise or a touch does not occur, between the first transmission channel and the last transmission channel and may selectively convert differential signals obtained on the determined transmission channel into a single-ended signal. 
     The plurality of current mirror units  130 - 1  to  130 - n  may convert output signals BF 1  to BFn, provided from the buffers  120 - 1  to  120 - n , into currents and may provide converted currents to the integrators  140 - 1  to  140 - n , respectively. In an embodiment, each of the current mirror units  130 - 1  to  130 - n  may be a charge-to-current converter which converts an input electric charge into an output current. 
     The first current mirror unit  130 - 1  may copy a current flowing in an output circuit of the first buffer  120 - 1  to generate a pair of (or two) mirror currents RX 1 L and RX 1 R, the second current mirror unit  130 - 2  may copy a current flowing in an output circuit of the second buffer  120 - 2  to generate a pair of (or two) mirror currents RX 2 L and RX 2 R, and the n th  current mirror unit  130 - n  may copy a current flowing in an output circuit of the n th  buffer  120 - n  to generate a pair of (or two) mirror currents RXnL and RXnR. 
     In this case, the amounts of the two mirror currents RX 1 L and RX 1 R may be the same, the amounts of the two mirror currents RX 2 L and RX 2 R may be the same, and the amounts of the two mirror currents RXnL and RXnR may be the same. 
     The amount of each of the two mirror currents RX 1 L and RX 1 R may be adjusted by using first control signals, the amount of each of the two mirror currents RX 2 L and RX 2 R may be adjusted by using second control signals, and the amount of each of the two mirror currents RXnL and RXnR may be adjusted by using n th  control signals. 
     Each of the plurality of filter circuits  150 - 1  to  150 -( n +1) may remove common noise from a signal including the common noise and may provide common noise-removed signal to a corresponding integrator of the integrators  140 - 1  to  140 -( n +1). To this end, each of the plurality of filter circuits  150 - 1  to  150 -( n +1) may be implemented as a noise removal circuit for removing the common noise. For example, each of the plurality of filter circuits  150 - 1  to  150 -( n +1) may be implemented as an Input Common Mode Feedback (ICMFB) circuit, but is not limited thereto. 
     Each of the plurality of filter circuits  150 - 1  to  150 -( n +1) may prevent the output signals (for example, the mirror currents) of a corresponding current mirror unit of the current mirror units  130 - 1  to  130 - n  from being changed by an external large signal and noise, thereby decreasing distortion of the output signals. For example, each of the plurality of filter circuits  150 - 1  to  150 -( n +1) may perform a differential operation on two signals which include common noise and are received from an adjacent channel, and thus, may remove the common noise from the signals and may provide noise-removed signals to a corresponding integrator of the integrators  140 - 1  to  140 -( n +1). 
     For example, the second filter circuit  150 - 2  may perform a differential operation on a mirror current RX 1 R of the first current mirror unit  130 - 1  and a mirror current RX 2 L of the second current mirror unit  130 - 2  to remove common noise from the mirror current RX 1 R and the mirror current RX 2 L, thereby generating a first filter signal and a second filter signal. 
     In this case, the second filter circuit  150 - 2  may not directly perform a differential operation on the mirror current RX 1 R of the first current mirror unit  130 - 1  and the mirror current RX 2 L of the second current mirror unit  130 - 2 . The second filter circuit  150 - 2  may calculate a first voltage variation obtained by performing a differential operation on the reference signal REF and a first voltage corresponding to the mirror current RX 1 R of the first current mirror unit  130 - 1 . The second filter circuit  150 - 2  may calculate a second voltage variation obtained by performing a differential operation on the reference signal REF and a second voltage corresponding to the mirror current RX 2 L of the second current mirror unit  130 - 2 . The second filter circuit  150 - 2  may generate first and second filter currents by using a result value corresponding to a difference between the first voltage variation and the second voltage variation. Here, the first filter current may be determined as a component corresponding to the first voltage in the calculated result value, and the second filter current may be determined as a component corresponding to the second voltage in the calculated result value. 
     A detailed description of each of the filter circuits  150 - 1  to  150 -( n +1) will be given below with reference to  FIG. 4 . 
     The first integrator  140 - 1  integrates a difference between the reference signal REF and a first filter signal of the first filter circuit  150 - 1 . Accordingly, an integral signal corresponding to a difference REF-RX 1  between the reference signal REF and a common noise-removed first reception signal RX 1  may be output from the first integrator  140 - 1 . 
     The second integrator  140 - 2  integrates a difference between a second filter signal of the first filter circuit  150 - 1  and a first filter signal of the second filter circuit  150 - 2 . Accordingly, an integral signal corresponding to a difference RX 1 -RX 2  between the common noise-removed first reception signal RX 1  and a common noise-removed second reception signal RX 2  may be output from the second integrator  140 - 2 . 
     The (n+1) th  integrator  140 -( n +1) may integrate a difference between a second filter signal of the (n+1) th  filter circuit  150 -( n +1) and the reference signal REF. Accordingly, an integral signal corresponding to a difference RXn-REF between a common noise-removed n th  reception signal RXn and the reference signal REF may be output from the (n+1) th  integrator  140 -( n +1). 
       FIG. 2  is a circuit diagram for describing an operation of the touch sensing device illustrated in  FIG. 1 . In  FIG. 2 , for convenience of description, a configuration associated with the generating and processing of a first reception signal RX 1  in the touch sensing device  110 B illustrated in  FIG. 1  will be mainly described. 
     When a first reception signal RX 1  transmitted through a first pad PAD 1  connected to a first touch sensing line  105 - 1  and a pulse V DRV  corresponding to the reference signal REF are input to the first buffer  120 - 1 , the first buffer  120 - 1  may output a current i N +i 1  corresponding to a buffered signal BF 1  to the first current mirror unit  130 - 1 . 
     Moreover, when a second reception signal RX 2  transmitted through a second pad PAD 2  connected to a second touch sensing line  105 - 2  and the pulse V DRV  corresponding to the reference signal REF are input to the second buffer  120 - 2 , the second buffer  120 - 2  may output a current i N +i 2  corresponding to a buffered signal BF 2  to the second current mirror unit  130 - 2 . 
     Here, C 1  may denote a touch capacitance (or a touch capacitor) generated from a first touch electrode touched by a finger of a user, C 2  may denote a touch capacitance (or a touch capacitor) generated from a second touch electrode adjacent to the first touch electrode, C P  may denote a parasitic capacitance (or a parasitic capacitor) of the touch screen panel  103 , and C F  may denote a feedback capacitor. 
     Here, i 1  may denote a touch signal (or a touch current) generated from the first touch electrode touched by the finger of the user, i 2  may denote a touch signal (or a touch current) generated from the second touch electrode adjacent to the first touch electrode, and i N  may denote a common noise component (a common noise signal or a common noise current) generated from a common noise source V N  input through each C P . K will be described below with reference to  FIG. 4 . 
     In this case, the first current mirror unit  130 - 1  may output the mirror currents RX 1 L and RX 1 R, and the amounts of the mirror currents RX 1 L and RX 1 R may be the same, and thus, each of the mirror currents RX 1 L and RX 1 R may be expressed as the following Equation (1). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     RX 
                     
                       1 
                       ⁢ 
                       L 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       RX 
                       
                         1 
                         ⁢ 
                         R 
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         
                           i 
                           N 
                         
                         + 
                         
                           i 
                           1 
                         
                       
                       K 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   [ 
                   
                     Equation 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     1 
                   
                   ] 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     The second current mirror unit  130 - 2  may output the mirror currents RX 2 L and RX 2 R, and the amounts of the mirror currents RX 2 L and RX 2 R may be the same, and thus, each of the mirror currents RX 2 L and RX 2 R may be expressed as the following Equation (2). 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     RX 
                     
                       2 
                       ⁢ 
                       L 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       RX 
                       
                         2 
                         ⁢ 
                         R 
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       
                         
                           i 
                           N 
                         
                         + 
                         
                           i 
                           2 
                         
                       
                       K 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   [ 
                   
                     Equation 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     2 
                   
                   ] 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Here, i N  may be a common noise component which is input through the first touch sensing line  105 - 1  and the second touch sensing line  105 - 2  in common, and thus, may be removed by performing a differential operation on a signal ((i N +i 1 )/K) output from the first current mirror unit  130 - 1  and a signal ((i N +i 2 )/K) output from the second current mirror unit  130 - 2 . 
     In an embodiment, the second filter circuit  150 - 2  may directly perform the differential operation on the signal ((i N +i 1 )/K) output from the first current mirror unit  130 - 1  and the signal ((i N +i 2 )/K) output from the second current mirror unit  130 - 2  to remove the common noise component i N . However, in an another embodiment, the second filter circuit  150 - 2  may compare a reference voltage VREF with the signal ((i N +i 1 )/K) output from the first current mirror unit  130 - 1  and the signal ((i N +i 2 )/K) output from the second current mirror unit  130 - 2  and may remove the common noise component i N  by using a result of the comparison. 
     Hereinafter, a method of removing, by the second filter circuit  150 - 2 , the common noise component i N  by using the reference voltage VREF will be described in detail. 
     First, when the signal ((i N +i 1 )/K) output from the first current mirror unit  130 - 1  is input to a first input terminal a of the second filter circuit  150 - 2 , a first voltage V 1  may be applied to the first input terminal a due to the signal ((i N +i 1 )/K). When the signal ((i N +i 2 )/K) output from the second current mirror unit  130 - 2  is input to a second input terminal b of the second filter circuit  150 - 2 , a second voltage V 2  may be applied to the second input terminal b due to the signal ((i N +i 2 )/K). 
     Subsequently, the second filter circuit  150 - 2  may perform a differential operation on the first voltage V 1  and the reference voltage REF to calculate a first voltage variation ΔV 1 , perform a differential operation on the second voltage V 2  and the reference voltage VREF to calculate a second voltage variation ΔV 2 , and calculate a result value of a differential operation performed on the first voltage variation ΔV 1  and the second voltage variation ΔV 2 . 
     The second filter circuit  150 - 2  may generate, as a first filter signal OUTX, a current having a component corresponding to the first voltage V 1  in the calculated result value and may output the first filter signal OUTX through a first filter output circuit. The second filter circuit  150 - 2  may generate, as a second filter signal OUTY, a current having a component corresponding to the second voltage V 2  in the calculated result value and may output the second filter signal OUTY through a second filter output circuit. 
     Therefore, a noise-removed first filter signal OUTX (corresponding to i 1 /K) and a noise-removed second filter signal OUTY (corresponding to i 2 /K) may be differentially amplified by the integrator  140 - 2 , and thus, whether the touch screen panel  103  is touched may be determined. 
     The second integrator  140 - 2  may integrate a difference between the first filter signal OUTX and the second filter signal OUTY each output from the second filter circuit  150 - 2  to provide output signals V OUTP  and V OUTN . The output signals V OUTP  and V OUTN  may each be a difference RX 1 -RX 2  between a first reception signal RX 1  and a second reception signal RX 2  or a signal corresponding to the difference RX 1 -RX 2 . 
     Hereinafter, an operation of each of a buffer and a current mirror unit according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to  FIGS. 1 to 3 .  FIG. 3  is a circuit diagram illustrating a buffer and a current mirror unit each illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . In  FIG. 3 , for convenience of description, only the first buffer  120 - 1 , the first current mirror unit  130 - 1 , the second buffer  120 - 2 , and the second current mirror unit  130 - 2  are illustrated. 
     The first buffer  120 - 1  may include a first operational amplifier AMP 1  and a first output circuit  125 - 1 , and in order to configure a unit gain buffer, an output terminal ND 1  of the first operational amplifier AMP 1  may be connected to an input terminal, receiving the first reception signal RX 1 , of the first operational amplifier AMP 1 . 
     The first output circuit  125 - 1  may include a first pull-up circuit PU 1  and a first pull-down circuit PD 1 . Each of the first pull-up circuit PU 1  and the first pull-down circuit PD 1  may be implemented as a cascode configuration. 
     The first pull-up circuit PU 1  may include a plurality of PMOS transistors P 1  and P 2  serially connected between the output terminal ND 1  and a first power line (or a power node) through which a first power VDD is provided, and in a pull-up operation (or a current sourcing operation), a first current I 1  may flow to the output terminal ND 1  through the first pull-up circuit PU 1 . 
     The first pull-down circuit PD 1  may include a plurality of NMOS transistors N 1  and N 2  serially connected between the output terminal ND 1  and a second power line through which a second power VSS is provided, and in a pull-down operation (or a current sinking operation), a second current I 2  may flow to the second power line through the first pull-down circuit PD 1 . 
     The first current mirror unit  130 - 1  may include a first current mirror circuit  210  and a second current mirror circuit  230 . The first current mirror circuit  210  may include a first mirror current generating circuit  215  and a second mirror current generating circuit  220 , and the second current mirror circuit  230  may include a third mirror current generating circuit  235  and a fourth mirror current generating circuit  240 . 
     The first current mirror circuit  210  may be implemented as a PMOS cascode current mirror circuit and may perform a mirroring operation on the first current I 1  to generate a first mirror current MI 1  and a second mirror current MI 2 . Each of the first mirror current generating circuit  215  and the second mirror current generating circuit  220  may be implemented as a PMOS cascode current mirror circuit. 
     The first mirror current generating circuit  215  may include a plurality of PMOS transistors P 3  and P 4  serially connected between a first mirror output terminal ND 2  and the first power line through which the first power VDD is provided, and in a pull-up operation (or a current sourcing operation), the first mirror current MI 1  may flow to the first mirror output terminal ND 2  through the first mirror current generating circuit  215 . 
     The second mirror current generating circuit  220  may include a plurality of PMOS transistors P 5  and P 6  serially connected between a second mirror output terminal ND 3  and the first power line through which the first power VDD is provided, and in a pull-up operation (or a current sourcing operation), the second mirror current MI 2  may flow to the second mirror output terminal ND 3  through the second mirror current generating circuit  220 . 
     The first pull-up circuit PU 1  and the first mirror current generating circuit  215  may configure a current mirror, and the first pull-up circuit PU 1  and the second mirror current generating circuit  220  may configure a current mirror. 
     The amount of the first current I 1  may be higher than the amount of each of the mirror currents MI 1  and MI 2 , and the amount of the first mirror current MI 1  may be the same as the amount of the second mirror current MI 2 . 
     For example, when it is assumed that lengths of channels of the PMOS transistors P 1  to P 6  are the same, widths of the channels of the PMOS transistors P 1  and P 2  are the same, widths of the channels of the PMOS transistors P 3  to P 6  are the same, and the width of the channel of the PMOS transistor P 1  is K (where K is an integer of 2 or more) times the width of the channel of the PMOS transistor P 3 , the amount of each of the mirror currents MI 1  and MI 2  may be 1/K times the amount of the first current I 1 . 
     Under such an assumption, when widths of the channels of the PMOS transistors P 3  to P 6  are capable of being adjusted by using control signals, the amount of each of the mirror currents MI 1  and MI 2  may be adjusted. 
     The second current mirror circuit  230  may be implemented as an NMOS cascode current mirror circuit and may perform a mirroring operation on the second current I 2  to generate a third mirror current MI 3  and a fourth mirror current MI 4 . Each of the third mirror current generating circuit  235  and the fourth mirror current generating circuit  240  may be implemented as an NMOS cascode current mirror circuit. 
     The third mirror current generating circuit  235  may include a plurality of NMOS transistors N 3  and N 4  serially connected between the first mirror output terminal ND 2  and the second power line VSS, and in a pull-down operation (or a current sinking operation), the third mirror current MI 3  may flow to the second power line VSS through the third mirror current generating circuit  235 . Accordingly, a first output signal RX 1 L corresponding to a difference between the first mirror current MI 1  and the third mirror current MI 3  may be output through the first mirror output terminal ND 2 . 
     The fourth mirror current generating circuit  240  may include a plurality of NMOS transistors N 5  and N 6  serially connected between the second mirror output terminal ND 3  and the second power line VSS, and in a pull-down operation (or a current sinking operation), the fourth mirror current MI 4  may flow to the second power line VSS through the fourth mirror current generating circuit  240 . Accordingly, a second output signal RX 1 R corresponding to a difference between the second mirror current MI 2  and the fourth mirror current MI 4  may be output through the second mirror output terminal ND 3 . 
     The first pull-down circuit PD 1  and the third mirror current generating circuit  235  may configure a current mirror, and the first pull-down circuit PD 1  and the fourth mirror current generating circuit  240  may configure a current mirror. 
     The amount of the second current I 2  may be higher than the amount of each of the mirror currents MI 3  and MI 4 , and the amount of the third mirror current MI 3  may be the same as the amount of the fourth mirror current MI 4 . 
     For example, when it is assumed that lengths of channels of the NMOS transistors N 1  to N 6  are the same, widths of the channels of the NMOS transistors N 1  and N 2  are the same, widths of the channels of the NMOS transistors N 3  to N 6  are the same, and the width of the channel of the NMOS transistor N 1  is K times the width of the channel of the NMOS transistor N 3 , the amount of each of the mirror currents MI 3  and MI 4  may be 1/K times the amount of the second current I 2 . 
     Under such an assumption, when widths of the channels of the NMOS transistors N 3  to N 6  are capable of being adjusted by using control signals, the amount of each of the mirror currents MI 3  and MI 4  may be adjusted. 
     The second buffer  120 - 2  may include a second operational amplifier AMP 2  and a second output circuit  125 - 2 , and in order to configure a unit gain buffer, an output terminal ND 4  of the second operational amplifier AMP 2  may be connected to an input terminal, receiving the second reception signal RX 2 , of the second operational amplifier AMP 2 . 
     The second output circuit  125 - 2  may include a second pull-up circuit PU 2  and a second pull-down circuit PD 2 . Each of the second pull-up circuit PU 2  and the second pull-down circuit PD 2  may be implemented as a cascode configuration. 
     The second pull-up circuit PU 2  may include a plurality of PMOS transistors P 11  and P 12  serially connected between the output terminal ND 4  and the first power line through which the first power VDD is provided, and in a pull-up operation (or a current sourcing operation), a third current I 3  may flow to the output terminal ND 4  through the second pull-up circuit PU 2 . 
     The second pull-down circuit PD 2  may include a plurality of NMOS transistors N 11  and N 12  serially connected between the output terminal ND 4  and the second power line through which the second power VSS is provided, and in a pull-down operation (or a current sinking operation), a fourth current I 4  may flow to the second power line VSS through the second pull-down circuit PD 2 . 
     The second current mirror unit  130 - 2  may include a third current mirror circuit  250  and a fourth current mirror circuit  270 . The third current mirror circuit  250  may include a fifth mirror current generating circuit  255  and a sixth mirror current generating circuit  260 , and the fourth current mirror circuit  270  may include a seventh mirror current generating circuit  275  and an eighth mirror current generating circuit  280 . 
     The third current mirror circuit  250  may be implemented as a PMOS cascode current mirror circuit and may perform a mirroring operation on the third current I 3  to generate a fifth mirror current MI 5  and a sixth mirror current MI 6 . Each of the fifth mirror current generating circuit  255  and the sixth mirror current generating circuit  260  may be implemented as a PMOS cascode current mirror circuit. 
     The fifth mirror current generating circuit  255  may include a plurality of PMOS transistors P 13  and P 14  serially connected between a third mirror output terminal ND 5  and the first power line through which the first power VDD is provided, and in a pull-up operation (or a current sourcing operation), the fifth mirror current MI 5  may flow to the third mirror output terminal ND 5  through the fifth mirror current generating circuit  255 . 
     The sixth mirror current generating circuit  260  may include a plurality of PMOS transistors P 15  and P 16  serially connected between a fourth mirror output terminal ND 6  and the first power line through which the first power VDD is provided, and in a pull-up operation (or a current sourcing operation), the fifth mirror current MI 5  may flow to the fourth mirror output terminal ND 6  through the sixth mirror current generating circuit  260 . 
     The second pull-up circuit PU 2  and the fifth mirror current generating circuit  255  may configure a current mirror, and the second pull-up circuit PU 2  and the sixth mirror current generating circuit  260  may configure a current mirror. 
     The amount of the third current I 3  may be higher than the amount of each of the mirror currents MI 5  and MI 6 , and the amount of the fifth mirror current MI 5  may be the same as the amount of the sixth mirror current MI 6 . 
     For example, when it is assumed that lengths of channels of the PMOS transistors P 11  to P 16  are the same, widths of the channels of the PMOS transistors P 11  and P 12  are the same, widths of the channels of the PMOS transistors P 13  to P 16  are the same, and the width of the channel of the PMOS transistor P 11  is K times the width of the channel of the PMOS transistor P 13 , the amount of each of the mirror currents MI 15  and MI 16  may be 1/K times the amount of the third current I 3 . 
     Under such an assumption, when widths of the channels of the PMOS transistors P 13  to P 16  are capable of being adjusted by using control signals, the amount of each of the mirror currents MI 15  and MI 16  may be adjusted. 
     The fourth current mirror circuit  270  may be implemented as an NMOS cascode current mirror circuit and may perform a mirroring operation on the fourth current I 4  to generate a seventh mirror current MI 7  and an eighth mirror current MI 8 . Each of the seventh mirror current generating circuit  275  and the eighth mirror current generating circuit  280  may be implemented as an NMOS cascode current mirror circuit. 
     The seventh mirror current generating circuit  275  may include a plurality of NMOS transistors N 13  and N 14  serially connected between the third mirror output terminal ND 5  and the second power line VSS, and in a pull-down operation (or a current sinking operation), the seventh mirror current MI 17  may flow to the second power line VSS through the seventh mirror current generating circuit  275 . Accordingly, a third output signal RX 2 L corresponding to a difference between the fifth mirror current MI 5  and the seventh mirror current MI 7  may be output through the third mirror output terminal ND 5 . 
     The eighth mirror current generating circuit  280  may include a plurality of NMOS transistors N 15  and N 16  serially connected between the fourth mirror output terminal ND 6  and the second power line VSS, and in a pull-down operation (or a current sinking operation), the eighth mirror current MI 8  may flow to the second power line VSS through the eighth mirror current generating circuit  280 . Accordingly, a fourth output signal RX 2 R corresponding to a difference between the sixth mirror current MI 6  and the eighth mirror current MI 8  may be output through the fourth mirror output terminal ND 6 . 
     The second pull-down circuit PD 2  and the seventh mirror current generating circuit  275  may configure a current mirror, and the second pull-down circuit PD 2  and the eighth mirror current generating circuit  280  may configure a current mirror. 
     The amount of the fourth current I 4  may be higher than the amount of each of the mirror currents MI 7  and MI 8 , and the amount of the seventh mirror current MI 7  may be the same as the amount of the eighth mirror current MI 8 . 
     For example, when it is assumed that lengths of channels of the NMOS transistors N 11  to N 16  are the same, widths of the channels of the NMOS transistors N 11  and N 12  are the same, widths of the channels of the NMOS transistors N 13  to N 16  are the same, and the width of the channel of the NMOS transistor N 11  is K times the width of the channel of the NMOS transistor N 13 , the amount of each of the mirror currents MI 7  and MI 8  may be 1/K times the amount of the fourth current I 4 . 
     Under such an assumption, when widths of the channels of the NMOS transistors N 13  to N 16  are capable of being adjusted by using control signals, the amount of each of the mirror currents MI 7  and MI 8  may be adjusted. 
     As described above, since each of the output circuits  125 - 1  and  125 - 2  and the current mirror units  130 - 1  and  130 - 2  is implemented as a cascode current mirror, a direct current (DC) current mismatch of MOS transistors configuring each of the current mirror units  130 - 1  and  130 - 2  may be minimized, and thus, a DC current accumulated into each integrator may be minimized. Accordingly, an output range of each integrator may be efficiently used, distortion of differential signals may be removed or considerably reduced, and a function of removing common noise caused by a mismatch with adjacent transmission channels may be enhanced. 
       FIG. 4  is a diagram illustrating an example of a circuit diagram of a filter circuit each illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 2 .  FIG. 4  illustrates an example where a filter circuit is implemented as an ICMFB circuit. In  FIG. 4 , for convenience of description, only the second filter circuit  150 - 2  illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 2  is illustrated. Referring to  FIGS. 1, 2, and 4 , each of signals VBP 1 , VBP 2 , VBP 3 , VBN 1 , VBN 2 , and VBN 3  may be a bias voltage for biasing of corresponding MOS transistors. 
     When a mismatch occurs between the first filter signal OUTX and the second filter signal OUTY which are output signals of the second filter circuit  150 - 2 , a DC current may occur in each of the first filter signal OUTX and the second filter signal OUTY and may be accumulated into the second integrator  140 - 2 , and thus, a range of an output voltage of an amplifier configuring the second integrator  140 - 2  may be reduced. 
     Therefore, the second filter circuit  150 - 2  according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a first filter output circuit  410  for removing common noise from the first output signal RX 1 R. The first filter output circuit  410  includes a plurality of first PMOS transistors P 21  and P 22  disposed in a cascode structure between the first power line VDD and a first filter output node ND 7  and a plurality of first NMOS transistors N 21  and N 22  disposed in a cascode structure between the first filter output node ND 7  and the second power line VSS. The first filter signal OUTX may be output from the first filter output node ND 7  of the first filter output circuit  410 . 
     Moreover, the second filter circuit  150 - 2  according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a second filter output circuit  420  for removing common noise from the second output signal RX 2 R, The second filter output circuit  420  includes a plurality of second PMOS transistors P 23  and P 24  disposed in a cascode structure between the first power line VDD and a second filter output node ND 8  and a plurality of second NMOS transistors N 23  and N 24  disposed in a cascode structure between the second filter output node ND 8  and the second power line VSS. The second filter signal OUTY may be output from the second filter output node ND 8  of the second filter output circuit  420 . 
     As described above, since the MOS transistors P 21  to P 24  and N 21  to N 24  having a cascode structure are included in the second filter circuit  150 - 2 , a mismatch between the first filter signal OUTX and the second filter signal OUTY may be removed or minimized. 
     In this case, based on a direction (for example, an increase or a decrease) of a noise current i N /K, the currents NI 1  and NI 2  should be sourced to the first and second filter output nodes ND 7  and ND 8 , or the currents NI 3  and NI 4  should be sunk from the first and second filter output nodes ND 7  and ND 8 . The MOS transistors P 21  to P 24  and N 21  to N 24  having a cascode structure may remove the noise current i N /K, and thus, the first and second filter signals OUTX and OUTY from which noise components are removed may be provided to the second integrator  140 - 2  through the first and second filter output nodes ND 7  and ND 8 . 
       FIG. 5  is a circuit diagram for describing mutual capacitance sensing by using a touch sensing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to  FIGS. 1, 2, and 5 , when a circuit illustrated in  FIG. 5  is configured, the touch sensing device may perform a mutual capacitance sensing operation. 
       FIG. 6  is a circuit diagram for describing self-capacitance sensing by using a touch sensing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to  FIGS. 1, 2, and 6 , when a circuit illustrated in  FIG. 6  is configured, the touch sensing device may perform a self-capacitance sensing operation. 
       FIG. 7  is a block diagram of a display apparatus including a touch sensing device and an in-phase/quadrature demodulator according to another embodiment of the present invention. Referring to  FIGS. 2 and 7 , the touch sensing device  110 B- 2  of  FIG. 7  may further include a plurality of reset switches SW 1  and SW 2  for respectively resetting feedback capacitors CF, a band pass filter  160 , an I/Q demodulator  170 , an I channel gain control and low pass filter  172 , a first sample and hold circuit  174 , a Q channel gain control and low pass filter  182 , a second sample and hold circuit  184 , a multiplexer  186 , and an analog-to-digital converter  188 , in addition to the elements  120 - 1 ,  120 - 2 ,  130 - 1 ,  130 - 2 ,  140 - 2 ,  150 - 2 , and C F  of the touch sensing device  110 B of  FIG. 2 . 
     Each of the reset switches SW 1  and SW 2  may respectively initialize the feedback capacitors C F  in response to a reset signal RST. 
     The band pass filter  160  may receive the output signals V OUTP  and V OUTN  of the integrator  140 - 2 , may perform band pass filtering on the output signals V OUTP  and V OUTN , and may output band-pass-filtered signals to the I/Q demodulator  170 . 
     The I/Q demodulator  170  may generate in-phase differential signals I and IB and quadrature differential signals Q and QB from the band-pass-filtered signals. Here, I may denote an in-phase component, and Q may denote a quadrature component. 
     The I channel gain control and low pass filter  172  may control a gain of each of the in-phase differential signals I and IB, may perform low pass filtering on gain-controlled in-phase differential signals, and may output low-pass-filtered in-phase differential signals to the first sample and hold circuit  174 . The first sample and hold circuit  174  may perform a sampling operation and a holding operation on the low-pass-filtered in-phase differential signals. 
     The Q channel gain control and low pass filter  182  may control a gain of each of the quadrature differential signals Q and QB, may perform low pass filtering on gain-controlled quadrature differential signals, and may output low-pass-filtered quadrature differential signals to the second sample and hold circuit  184 . The second sample and hold circuit  184  may perform a sampling operation and a holding operation on the low-pass-filtered quadrature differential signals. 
     The multiplexer  186  may provide output signals of the first sample and hold circuit  174  or output signals of the second sample and hold circuit  184  to the analog-to-digital converter  188  in response to selection signals SEL. The analog-to-digital converter  188  may output output signals of the multiplexer  186  as T-bit digital signals. Here, T may be an integer of 2 or more. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1, 2, and 7 , it may be assumed in  FIG. 7  that the touch screen panel  103  is touched by an active pen PEN. A phase of a frequency of a driving signal (for example, a sine wave or a square wave) for the active pen PEN may be asynchronous with a phase of a frequency of the reference signal REF supplied to each of the buffers  120 - 1  and  120 - 2 . Although the phase of the frequency of the driving signal for the active pen PEN is asynchronous with the phase of the frequency of the reference signal REF supplied to each of the buffers  120 - 1  and  120 - 2 , the touch sensing device  110 B- 2  including the elements illustrated in  FIG. 7  may sense, by using the I/Q demodulator  170 , that the active pen PEN touches the touch screen panel  103 . 
     The elements included in the touch sensing devices  110 B and  110 B- 2  described above with reference to  FIGS. 1 to 7  may configure a touch sensing circuit for sensing a touch applied to the touch screen panel  103 , and the touch sensing circuit may be implemented (or provided) in an analog front end (AFE). 
     According to the embodiments of the present invention, since a first stage is configured with a buffer and a current mirror unit and a second stage is configured with a sensing amplifier for differentially sensing outputs of current mirror units of adjacent channels, display noise and external noise occurring in common may be effectively removed. 
     Moreover, according to the embodiments of the present invention, since common noise included in an output signal of a current mirror unit is removed by using a filter circuit disposed at an output terminal of the current mirror unit, only a signal from which noise has been removed may be input to an integrator, thereby enhancing touch sensing performance. 
     Moreover, according to the embodiments of the present invention, since the buffers implemented in the touch sensing device are respectively connected to the touch sensing lines of the touch screen panel, an additional circuit (for example, a multiplexer) may not be needed between each of the buffers and a corresponding touch sensing line of the touch sensing lines. 
     Moreover, according to the embodiments of the present invention, since the buffers implemented in the touch sensing device are respectively connected to the touch sensing lines of the touch screen panel, signals may be simultaneously generated or processed in all channels. Accordingly, comparing with a conventional time sequence manner where a touch sensing device sequentially senses signals of channels, an increase in a sensing time may be reduced, and the degradation in signal quality caused by a time sequence-based sensing time difference may be reduced. 
     Moreover, according to the embodiments of the present invention, since the first stage is configured with buffers, a limitation of a feedback factor based on a high capacitance load may be reduced, and thus, it may be easy to design a sensing amplifier and it may not be required to increase a feedback capacitor, thereby minimizing an increase in a design area and a reduction in an output signal of the sensing amplifier. 
     Moreover, according to the embodiments of the present invention, a gain of an output signal in the second stage may be adjusted by using a current mirror unit included in the first stage, and thus, a value of a feedback capacitor of a sensing amplifier included in the second stage may be reduced, thereby maximizing the design area efficiency of the sensing amplifier. 
     Moreover, according to the embodiments of the present invention, a reference signal for single-ended conversion may be selectively used between a first sensing amplifier and a last sensing amplifier, and thus, each of differential signals may be converted into a single-ended signal by selectively using a channel, where noise or a touch does not occur, of both channels. 
     The above-described feature, structure, and effect of the present disclosure are included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, but are not limited to only one embodiment. Furthermore, the feature, structure, and effect described in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure may be implemented through combination or modification of other embodiments by those skilled in the art. Therefore, content associated with the combination and modification should be construed as being within the scope of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present disclosure without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosures. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure covers the modifications and variations of this disclosure provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.