Patent Publication Number: US-6987677-B2

Title: Switching power supply apparatus

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION DATA 
   The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/415,384, filed Aug. 28, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,912,141, and claims priority to PCT/JP02/08264 filed Aug. 13, 2002. 

   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   This invention relates to a switching power supply apparatus for controlling the switching operation of a switching element adapted for switching a rectified smoothed output of a primary side rectifying smoothing circuit by a switching controlling circuit having a hysteresis low-voltage mistaken operation preventative circuit. 
   BACKGROUND ART 
   Up to now, a switching power supply apparatus for switching a DC current, obtained on rectifying and smoothing the commercial AC current, at a high frequency on the order of, for example, 100 kHz, and for transforming the resulting current to a desired voltage by a transformer to a high efficiency, has been in use. 
   As an output voltage controlling system in the above-described switching power supply apparatus, a pule width modulation (PWM) controlling system for controlling the duty ratio of the switching pulses responsive to changes in the output voltage, and a frequency (e.g., resonation) controlling system or a phase controlling system for controlling the frequency or the phase of switching pulses, have so far been used. 
     FIG. 1  shows an illustrative circuit structure of a conventional switching power supply apparatus employing a PWM controlling system. 
   This switching power supply apparatus  100  includes a primary rectifying smoothing circuit  115  for rectifying and smoothing the AC input supplied from a commercial power supply AC through an AC filter  110 . To this primary rectifying smoothing circuit  115 , there are connected the drain of a switching FET  125  through a primary winding  120 A of a converter transformer  120  and a power supply terminal  130 A of a switching controlling circuit  130  through a startup circuit  140 . The switching controlling circuit  130  controls the switching operation of the switching FET  125  by PWM control. The power supply terminal  130 A is grounded through a capacitor  135 . 
   In order to prevent malfunctions of the switching controlling circuit  130  at the time of lowering of the power supply voltage, the switching controlling circuit  130  has enclosed therein a hysteresis low voltage malfunction prohibiting circuit. When the power supply voltage Vcc, applied to the power supply terminal  130 A, is increased from 0V, the prohibiting circuit starts its operation at Vcc=16.5V and, when the power supply voltage is lowered, the prohibiting circuit interrupts an output at Vcc=9.0V. 
   A secondary rectifying smoothing circuit  150  is connected to a secondary winding  120 B of the converter transformer  120 , such that a converter output obtained in the secondary winding  120 B of the converter transformer  120  is rectified and smoothed by the secondary rectifying smoothing circuit  150  so as to be output via an output filter  155 . An output detection circuit  170  is connected to this secondary rectifying smoothing circuit  150  through a resistance dividing circuit  160  for detecting the output voltage and a resistor  165  for detecting the output current. A detection output by this output detection circuit  170  is fed back via a photocoupler  180  to the switching controlling circuit  130 . The output detection circuit  170  and the photocoupler  180  are actuated by a rectified smoothed output of a rectifying smoothing circuit  190 , connected to a secondary winding  120 B of the converter transformer  120 , as a driving source. 
   The switching controlling circuit  130  is started by the startup current supplied on startup from the primary rectifying smoothing circuit  115 , through a startup circuit  140 , to commence the supply of switching pulses to the switching FET  125 . After startup, the switching controlling circuit  130  is actuated with the rectified smoothed output by a rectifying smoothing circuit  138 , connected to a ternary winding  120 C of the converter transformer  120 , as a driving power supply. That is, the switching controlling circuit PWM-controls the switching operation of the switching FET  125  to stabilize the converter output, by the duty cycle of the switching pulse being changed responsive to the detection output by the output detection circuit  170  fed back by the photocoupler  180 . 
   If, in the conventional switching power supply apparatus  100 , the power of the output detection circuit  170  is taken from an output line in the usual constant current taking operation (constant current charging operation) for a battery, the range of voltage variations is of an extremely wide width, such that a separate power supply is needed which is capable of supplying a constant stable voltage in order to assure stabilized control. To this end, the range of voltage variations is diminished to as small a value as possible by providing a series regulator, using a different winding of the same transformer with loose coupling for use as a power supply relatively insusceptible to load variations, or by using a separate rectifying smoothing circuit for the same winding, in order to provide for stabilized control. 
   In a power source supply system, in which the power for the output detection circuit  170  is supplied by separate rectification from the same winding of the same transformer, in order to control the output of the low power switching power supply performing the intermittent operation during standby to a constant voltage and a constant current, the power required for control during the switching stop time for the intermittent operation is supplied by the smoothing capacitance of a rectifying smoothing circuit  190 . This increases the capacity of a smoothing capacitor  191  of the rectifying smoothing circuit  190 . Moreover, there is raised a problem of the effect of chronological changes in capacitance because a large capacitance is required and hence an electrolytic capacitor of good volume capacitance ratio is used. 
   On the other hand, in a conventional standby power saving type switching power supply apparatus, an intermittent operation is carried out by detecting the oncoming no-load or light-load conditions to stop the switching operation to save the power. 
   For detecting the load, it is known to insert a resistor in series with a load to detect the voltage drop occurring across both ends. If the minute current for the light-load state (of the order of 10 mA) is to be detected accurately by this method, the detection resistance must be set to tens to hundreds of ohms. In the case of a heavy load, the voltage drop or heat evolution at the detection resistor poses a problem. Heretofore, these problems are tackled by a method of shorting the detection resistor with a semiconductor device. However, the circuitry becomes complicated to raise the cost. 
   If the state of the load is detected and found to be a normal load, the LED of the photocoupler for verifying the load state is turned on and the resulting signal is transmitted to a primary side control circuit. If the state of the load is found to be no load or light load state, the LED of the photocoupler is turned off to stop the switching. In order to perform this control, it is necessary to effect the transmission using a photocoupler for verifying the load state distinct from the feedback photocoupler for controlling the constant voltage, thus requiring a redundant circuit. 
   In startup, the photocoupler for verifying the load state experiences an output devoid state and hence the driving voltage is in shortage because certain time is needed until the secondary side output voltage is increased to a setting value. As this state tends to be judged to be the no-load or light-load state, the circuitry for avoiding the mistaken judgment must needs be added. 
   Moreover, the photocoupler is on at all times during the normal operation, thus consuming redundant power, with the result that power saving during the operation is not achieved. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a switching power supply apparatus in which the standby time switching operation is performed intermittently, by simply adjusting the values of respective key devices, without appreciably changing the pre-existing circuit, to minimize the power consumption to achieve energy saving during the standby time, as well as to enable ordinary operations, such as constant voltage constant current operations or various protective functional operations, without being affected by the circuitry designed to perform the intermittent operations. 
   The present invention provides a switching power supply apparatus wherein a startup current from a primary side startup circuit is supplied to a switching controlling circuit having a hysteresis low-voltage mistaken operation prohibiting circuit to start up the switching controlling circuit by the energy accumulated in a capacitor for a voltage range from a low voltage protective voltage of the low-voltage mistaken operation prohibiting circuit to a release voltage, a switching operation of a switching element switching a rectified smoothed output of a primary side rectifying smoothing circuit, supplied to a primary side of a converter transformer, is controlled by the switching controlling circuit, an output of a ternary winding of the converter transformer is rectified and smoothed after startup, by a rectifying smoothing circuit to produce a rectified smoothed output which drives the switching controlling circuit, a converter output, obtained in a secondary winding of the converter transformer, is rectified and smoothed by a secondary side rectifying smoothing circuit, so as to be output, an error signal is fed back from a secondary side output detection circuit through a photocoupler to the switching controlling circuit to control the switching operation of the switching element by the switching controlling circuit, and wherein an output voltage in the ternary winding, changing depending on the load state in a secondary side of the converter transformer, is set so as to be lower than the low voltage protective voltage for the current less than a setting load current and so as to be higher than the low voltage protective voltage for the current not less than the setting load current, whereby an intermittent operation is performed during standby time. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram showing the structure of a conventional switching power supply apparatus. 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram showing the structure of a switching power supply apparatus according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 3  is a waveform diagram showing the waveform of the intermittent operation of the switching power supply apparatus according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 4  is a waveform diagram showing the secondary side output waveform during the intermittent operation of the switching power supply apparatus according to the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENTLY PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   Referring to the drawings, a present embodiment of the present invention is explained in detail. 
   The present invention is applied to a switching power supply apparatus  200  having a structure shown for example in  FIG. 2 . 
   This switching power supply apparatus  200  includes a primary side rectifying smoothing circuit  215 , for rectifying and smoothing the AC input supplied from the commercial power supply AC through an AC filter  210 . To this primary side rectifying smoothing circuit  215  is connected the drain of a switching FET  225  through a primary winding  220 A of a converter transformer  220 . 
   There is also connected a switching controlling circuit  230  for PWM controlling the switching operation of the switching FET  225 . The junction point of the AC filter  210  and the primary side rectifying smoothing circuit  215  is connected through a startup circuit  240  to a power supply terminal  230 A of the switching controlling circuit  230 . 
   The power supply terminal  230 A of the switching controlling circuit  230  is supplied with a rectified smoothed output by a rectifying smoothing output  238 , connected to a ternary winding  220 C of the converter transformer  220 , as a driving power. The power supply terminal  230 A is grounded via a capacitor  235 . 
   In order to prevent mistaken operations in case the power supply voltage is lowered, the switching controlling circuit  230  has enclosed therein a hysteresis low voltage mistaken operation prohibiting circuit, such that, when the power supply voltage Vcc, applied to the power source terminal  230 A, is increased from 0V, the operation is initiated at Vcc=16.5V, with the control output being interrupted at Vcc=9.0V when the power supply voltage is lowered. 
   On the other hand, the switching controlling circuit  230  has a soft start function, specifically, a CS terminal  230 B for soft start control is grounded via a capacitor  231  affording a time constant for soft start, while being connected to the power supply terminal  230 A through a Zener diode  232  adapted for detecting the power supply terminal  230 A. 
   The switching controlling circuit  230  has an over-current limiting function, and includes an IS terminal  230 C for over-current detection, which is connected through a resistor for correcting the input voltage to a junction between the primary side rectifying smoothing circuit  215  and the primary winding  220 A of the converter transformer  220  and which is also connected to a constant power protection circuit  234 , made up by three resistors  234 A,  234 B and  234 C, connected to the source of the switching FET  225 . 
   The startup circuit  240  includes a constant current circuit  241 , connected to a junction between the AC filter  210  and the primary side rectifying smoothing circuit  215 , and which is connected through a reverse current inhibiting diode  248  to a power supply terminal  230 A of the switching controlling circuit  230 . 
   The constant current circuit  241  includes first and second NPN transistors  244 ,  245 , having collectors connected via resistors  242 ,  243  to a junction between the AC filter  210  and the primary side rectifying smoothing circuit  215 . The base of the first NPN transistor  244  is connected to the collector of the second NPN transistor  245 . The junction between the emitter of the first NPN transistor  244  and the base of the second NPN transistor  245  is connected via a current detection resistor  246  to the emitter of the second NPN transistor  245 , while being connected to the cathode of the reverse current inhibiting diode  248 . 
   In the constant current circuit  241 , the voltage across both ends of the current detection resistor  246  is detected by the second NPN transistor  245  to control the current flowing from the resistor  243  to the base of the first NPN transistor  244  to cause the constant current Ic to flow through the current detection resistor  246 . 
   To a secondary winding  220 B of the converter transformer  220 , there are connected a rectifying smoothing circuit  252  for supplying the driving power to a secondary rectifying smoothing circuit  250  and an output detection circuit  270  and a rectifying smoothing circuit  254  for supplying the driving power to the photocoupler  280 . An output end of the secondary rectifying smoothing circuit  250  is connected to an output end of the rectifying smoothing circuit  252  through a diode  253 . 
   A converter output, obtained in a secondary winding  220 B of the converter transformer  220 , is rectified and smoothed by the secondary side rectifying smoothing circuit  250  and output via output filter  255 . To the secondary rectifying smoothing circuit  250  is connected the output detection circuit  270  via a resistance dividing circuit  260  for detecting the output voltage and a resistor  265  for detecting the output current, with the detected output by this output detection circuit  270  being fed back to the switching controlling circuit  230  via photocoupler  280 . 
   In the above-described switching power supply apparatus  200 , the switching controlling circuit  230  is started by being fed in startup via startup circuit  240  to begin to supply the switching pulses to the switching FET  225 . After startup, the switching controlling circuit  230  is driven with the rectified smoothed output by the rectifying smoothing circuit  238  connected to the ternary winding  220 C of the converter transformer  220  as the driving power. The detection output by the output detection circuit  270  is fed back via photocoupler  280  to PWM-control the switching operation of the switching FET  225  to provide for a stabilized converter output. 
   In startup, the switching power supply apparatus  200  operates as follows: 
   When the AC input is supplied from the commercial power supply, the constant current (Ic=0.1 mA) is caused to flow through the resistor  242  of the startup circuit  240 , first NPN transistor  244 , current detection resistor  246  and the reverse current inhibiting diode  248  to the capacitor  235  to start the charging. 
   The voltage Vcc, applied to the power supply terminal  230 A of the switching controlling circuit  230 , is increased gradually as the charging of the capacitor  235  proceeds. When the minimum startup voltage of the low voltage mistaken operation prohibiting circuit (16.5V) is exceeded, the switching controlling circuit  230  commences its operation to output the switching pulses to the switching FET  225 . The current consumption of the switching controlling circuit  230  is increased at this time, with the voltage across the terminals of the capacitor  235  being lowered. By the operation of the low voltage mistaken operation prohibiting circuit with hysteresis, the switching operation is continued by the energy stored in the capacitor  235  up to the minimum operating voltage (V 1 =9V). 
   By the current switched in the interim, the high frequency current is caused to flow via converter transformer  220  through the secondary and ternary windings  220 B,  220 C. This high frequency current is rectified by the secondary rectifying smoothing circuit  250  and output via output filter  255  from the output terminal as a converter output. 
   This voltage is also compared to a reference voltage via resistance dividing circuit  260  by the output detection circuit  270 . If the output voltage is high or low, a light-emitting diode  280 A of the photocoupler  280  is turned on or off, respectively, to transmit the signal to the primary side switching controlling circuit  230  to vary the duty of the switching pulse supplied to the gate of the switching FET  225  to control the output voltage Vout to a preset voltage. 
   On the other hand, the output of the ternary winding  220 C is rectified and smoothed on the primary side by the rectifying smoothing circuit  238  and charged to the capacitor  235  so as to be supplied as the driving power supply for the switching controlling circuit  230 . Since the voltage Vcc (12V under the normal operating state) is higher than the voltage from the startup circuit  240  (11V on stabilized startup), the power supply from the startup circuit  240 , connected via the reverse current inhibiting diode  248 , is halted. 
   With the secondary winding  220 B and the ternary winding  220 C of the converter transformer  220  wound in the opposite direction to that of the primary winding  220 A, the switching power supply apparatus  200  is a switching power supply of the on/off (flyback) switching system. If the load of the controlled secondary winding  220 B is heavy, the output characteristics of the non-controlled ternary winding  220 C become correspondingly higher, termed below the characteristics of cross-regulation, while being independent from the input voltage applied to the primary winding  220 A and being constant for the constant load of the secondary winding  220 B. 
   During the normal operation, the switching power supply apparatus  200  operates as follows: 
   In the present switching power supply apparatus  200 , an error signal, obtained on comparing the output voltage to the reference voltage by the secondary side output detection circuit  270  after startup, is fed back through the photocoupler  280  to an FB terminal  230 D for feedback input of the primary side switching controlling circuit  230  to commence the switching control of the switching FET  225  by the switching controlling circuit  230 . The power supply terminal  230 A of the switching controlling circuit  230  is supplied with a driving power from the rectifying smoothing circuit  238  connected to the ternary winding  220 C of the converter transformer  220 . The switching controlling circuit  230  performs PWM control of the switching operation of the switching FET  225  so that the output voltage Vout will be constant against non-load operations or changes in the input voltage. When more than a design quantity of the load current is taken from the output, the voltage across both ends of the current detection resistor  265  is higher than the design reference value and is detected by the output detection circuit  270  adapted for comparing the voltage across both ends of the current detection resistor  265  to the reference voltage. The switching controlling circuit  230  is responsive to a detection output by the secondary side output detection circuit  270  to lower the output voltage Vout to execute PWM control of the switching operation of the switching FET  225 . 
   Although the output voltage Vout is lowered at this time, the power supply voltage of the output detection circuit  270 , supplied from the rectifying smoothing circuit  252  distinct from the secondary rectifying smoothing circuit  250 , is not lowered as compared to the output voltage Vout, thus enabling stabilized control. On the other hand, the output voltage of the rectifying smoothing circuit  238 , connected to the ternary winding  220 C of the converter transformer  220 , is higher than the minimum operating voltage of the low-voltage mistaken operation prohibiting circuit (V 1 =9V), such that the switching controlling circuit  230  is able to continue the stabilized operation with the output voltage of the rectifying smoothing circuit  238  as the driving power supply. 
   In a no-load condition, the switching power supply apparatus  200  also operates as follows: 
   In the present switching power supply apparatus  200 , an error signal, obtained on comparing the output voltage to the reference voltage by the secondary side output detection circuit  270  after startup is fed back through the photocoupler  280  to an FB terminal  230 D for feedback input of the primary side switching controlling circuit  230  to commence the switching control of the switching FET  225  by the switching controlling circuit  230 . Due to lag in the transient response or to there being no load, the output voltage Vout, generated in the secondary side, is higher than the reference voltage used for comparison in the output detection circuit  270 . The result is that the output to the light emitting diode  280 A of the photocoupler  280  is turned on to actuate the switching controlling circuit  230  to halt the switching operation of the switching FET  225 . Although an output voltage is generated in the interim across the ternary winding  220 C, such voltage is lower than the low voltage protective voltage, because of the light output load, this output voltage being insufficient to raise the power supply voltage Vcc of the switching controlling circuit  230 . The power supply voltage Vcc of the switching controlling circuit  230  is lowered to a level of the minimum operating voltage of the low-voltage mistaken operation prohibiting circuit (V 1 =9V). When the power supply voltage Vcc is lowered to 9V, the switching controlling circuit  230  halts its operation to enter into a standby state. In the standby state, the current consumption of the switching controlling circuit  230  is decreased (6 μA) to increase the power supply voltage Vcc of the switching controlling circuit  230  through the startup circuit  240 . When the power supply voltage Vcc exceeds the minimum startup voltage (16.5 V) of the low-voltage mistaken operation prohibiting circuit, the primary side switching controlling circuit  230  wakes up immediately to cause a PWM switching operation of the switching FET  225 . This switching power supply apparatus  200  reiterates the aforementioned intermittent operating states, as shown in  FIG. 3 , to suppress the power consumption under a no-load condition. 
   It is noted that the low-voltage mistaken operation prohibiting circuit, with the operating voltage of 16.5V, enclosed within the switching controlling circuit  230 , has hysteresis characteristics, such that it takes some time until the operation commencing voltage is reached. The secondary side output detection circuit  270  is continuing its operation in the interim by the energy stored in the capacitor  252 A of the rectifying smoothing circuit  252 . When the voltage is gradually lowered until the potential difference between it and the output exceeds the forward voltage Vf of the diode  253  exceeds the forward voltage Vf of the diode  253 , the diode  253  is turned on so that the output detection circuit  270  continues to be supplied with the energy stored in the capacitors  250 A and  250 B of the secondary rectifying smoothing circuit  250 . The rectified smoothed output by the secondary rectifying smoothing circuit  250 , that is the secondary output voltage Vout, is also lowered in the interim, such that the voltage supplied from the rectifying smoothing circuit  254  to the light emitting diode  280 A of the photocoupler  280  becomes equal to or lower than a limit value (5 V), as shown in  FIG. 4 . This decreases the current flowing through the light emitting diode  280 A so that a photo transistor  280 B of the photocoupler  280  is in the high impedance state. The period of the intermittent operation can be controlled from the secondary side by suitably selecting the capacitances of the capacitors  250 A,  250 B,  252 A and  254 A or by interconnecting plural diodes  254 B of the rectifying smoothing circuit  254  in series, for thereby adjusting the forward voltage value. 
   It should be noted that transistor switches or semiconductor switches may be used in place of the diode  253  supplying the power from the secondary rectifying smoothing circuit  250  to the output detection circuit  270  in the course of the standby intermittent operations. 
   Meanwhile, under the light load condition, this switching power supply apparatus  200  executes the following intermittent operations: 
   That is, in this switching power supply apparatus  200 , an error signal obtained on comparing the output voltage to the reference voltage by the secondary side output detection circuit  270  after startup is fed back to an FB terminal  230 D for feedback input of the primary side switching controlling circuit  230  through the photocoupler  280  to commence the PWM control of the switching operations of the switching FET  225  by the switching controlling circuit  230  to stabilize the output voltage Vout generated in the secondary side. If the load is light, the voltage of the driving supply power supplied to the primary side switching controlling circuit  230  from the ternary winding  220 C of the converter transformer  220  through the rectifying smoothing circuit  238 , is decreased under the effect of the cross-regulation. 
   Thus, in the present switching power supply apparatus  200 , the output voltage of the ternary winding  220 C of the converter transformer  220  is adjusted as follows: 
   The output voltage of the ternary winding  220 C of the converter transformer  220  is set, depending on the number of windings and the degree of linkage thereof and on the resistance value of the resistor  236 , to a voltage not larger than the minimum operating voltage (V 1 =9V) of the low-voltage mistaken operation prohibiting circuit of the switching controlling circuit  230 . This voltage not larger than the minimum operating voltage is 10.1V taking into account the forward voltage Vf of the diodes  235 A and  235 B of the rectifying smoothing circuit  238 . In the case of the load current not less than the normal load current, such as approximately 10 mA, the output voltage of the ternary winding  220 C is set to not less than a voltage for which the low-voltage mistaken operation prohibiting circuit is not in operation (10.2 V). 
   By setting the output voltage of the ternary winding  220 C of the converter transformer  220 , as described above, the supply of the current consumed in the switching controlling circuit  230  falls into shortage, with the power supply voltage Vcc of the switching controlling circuit  230  being progressively lowered to the minimum operating voltage for which the low-voltage mistaken operation prohibiting circuit (V 1 =9V) is in operation. When the power supply voltage Vcc is lowered to 9V, the switching controlling circuit  230  halts its operation to enter into a standby state. In the standby state, the current consumption of the switching controlling circuit  230  is decreased (6 μA) to increase the power supply voltage Vcc of the switching controlling circuit  230  through the startup circuit  240 . When the power supply voltage Vcc exceeds the minimum startup voltage (16.5 V) of the low-voltage mistaken operation prohibiting circuit, the primary side switching controlling circuit  230  wakes up immediately to cause a PWM switching operation of the switching FET  225 . This switching controlling circuit  230  reiterates the aforementioned intermittent operating states to suppress the power consumption under a light load condition. 
   If once the primary side switching FET  225  commences the switching operation, the primary side switching FET  225  continues its switching operation until the secondary side output detection circuit  270  detects that the secondary side output voltage Vout is increased to a value not less than a prescribed value and the resulting detection output is fed back as a switching halting signal via photocoupler  280  to the FB terminal  230 D for feedback input of the primary side switching controlling circuit  230  through the photocoupler  280 . 
   As the aforementioned switching halting signal is fed back to the FB terminal  230 D for feedback input of the primary side switching controlling circuit  230 , the switching operation of the switching FET  225  is halted, such that the voltage V 1  supplied from the capacitor  252 A of the secondary side rectifying smoothing circuit  252  to the output detection circuit  270  or the voltage V 2  supplied from the capacitor  254 A of the rectifying smoothing circuit  254  to the light emitting diode  280 A of the photocoupler  280  is decreased progressively. When the voltage V 2  supplied to the light emitting diode  280 A falls to an operating limit value (5V) or lower, the current flowing through the light emitting diode  280 A is decreased, with the photo transistor  280 B of the photocoupler  280  being in a high-impedance state, thus in a state ready for a switching operation of the primary intermittent period. This establishes the uncontrolled state similar to that at the startup time point, such that, during the switching operation of the next primary intermittent period, the switching controlling circuit  230  commences the switching operation of the switching FET  225  by the PWM signal of the maximum width as determined by the upper limit of the soft stall. When the switching FET  225  commences the switching operation, the charging current flows through diode  254 B to a capacitor  254 A of the secondary side rectifying smoothing circuit  254 . The voltage V 2  supplied from the rectifying smoothing circuit  254  to the light emitting diode  280 A of the photocoupler  280  is raised to a value not lower than the operating limit value (5V) of the light emitting diode  280 A to establish the operating state of the photocoupler  280 . Thus, an error signal obtained on comparing the output voltage to the reference voltage by the secondary side output detection circuit  270  is fed back to an FB terminal  230 D for feedback input of the primary side switching controlling circuit  230  through the photocoupler  280  to commence the PWM control of the switching operations of the switching FET  225  by the switching controlling circuit  230 . 
   It is noted that the capacitance of the capacitor  254 A of the rectifying smoothing circuit  254  is set so that the time until the voltage V 2  supplied from the secondary side rectifying smoothing circuit  254  to the light emitting diode  280 A of the photocoupler  280  is lowered to a value not larger than the operating limit value (5V) of the light emitting diode  280 A will be shorter than the primary intennittent period. 
   In general, the power consumption of the light-emitting diode is larger than that of the output detection circuit  270 , in particular the IC prepared by CMOS, such that, by separating the rectifying smoothing circuit  254  for supplying the driving power to the light emitting diode  280 A of the photocoupler  280  from the rectifying smoothing circuit  252  for supplying the driving power to the output detection circuit  270  and by decreasing the capacitance of the capacitor  254 A of the rectifying smoothing circuit  254 , it is similarly possible to decrease the supplied voltage more promptly as compared to the controlling system before the secondary output voltage Vout is excessively lowered, and to shorten the intermittent period to reduce the output ripple by using a high impedance photocoupler  280 . 
   Moreover, this switching power supply apparatus  200  transfers from the intermittent operation in the non-load or light-load state to the normal operation. 
   That is, in transferring from the intermittent operation under the non-load or light-load state to the normal operation, the load current taken out from the secondary winding  220 B of the converter transformer  220  is increased when the intermittent switch is on. The on-time of the light emitting diode  280 A of the photocoupler  280  by the increasing output voltage becomes shorter, with the light emitting diode  280 A being off in short time. The output voltage of the ternary winding  220 C of the converter transformer  220  is also increased with the increasing load current, with the power supply voltage Vcc of the primary side switching controlling circuit  230  not being lowered to the minimum operating voltage (V 1 =9V) of the low-voltage mistaken operation prohibiting circuit, whereby the switching controlling circuit  230  outputs switching pulses to perform PWM control of the switching operation of the switching FET  225  to provide for the normal continuous operation of the constant voltage output. 
   The switching power supply apparatus  200  transfers from the normal operation to the intermittent operation as follows: 
   That is, in transferring from the normal operation to the intermittent operation under non-load or light-load, the output voltage of the ternary winding  220 C of the converter transformer  220  is decreased with the decreasing load. When the power supply voltage Vcc of the primary side switching controlling circuit  230  is lowered to the minimum operating voltage of the low-voltage mistaken operation prohibiting circuit (V 1 =9V), the switching controlling circuit  230  halts its operation to enter into a standby state. In the standby state, the current consumption of the switching controlling circuit  230  is decreased (6 μA), with the constant current being caused to flow from the startup circuit  240  through the reverse current prohibiting diode  248  to the capacitor  235 , by way of charging, to increase the power supply voltage Vcc of the switching controlling circuit  230 . When the power supply voltage Vcc exceeds the minimum startup voltage (16.5 V) of the low-voltage mistaken operation prohibiting circuit, the primary side switching controlling circuit  230  wakes up immediately to cause a PWM switching operation of the switching FET  225 . This switching controlling circuit  230  reiterates the aforementioned intermittent operating states to suppress the power consumption under a light load condition. 
   Although the present invention is applied to a switching power supply apparatus, employing the PWM controlling system, the present invention may be applied to a switching power supply apparatus employing a frequency controlling system. 
   Thus, according to the present invention, the switching operation during standby may be carried out intermittently, by simply adjusting the value of the respective key devices, without appreciably changing the circuit now in use, such as to achieve energy saving during standby, as well as to perform usual operations, such as constant voltage, constant current and various protective functional operations, without affecting the circuitry designed to execute the intermittent operations. 
   Moreover, the driving power during the normal operations of the primary side switching controlling circuit is supplied from the ternary winding, with the voltage being proportionate to the secondary side output current, by the cross-regulation effect, so that, by setting the sleep state or the wake-up state by exploiting the low-voltage mistaken operation prohibiting circuit of the primary side switching controlling circuit, the intermittent operating state can readily be achieved under the cross-regulation effect. 
   The intermittent period can be controlled by setting the capacitance, bresistance and the number of turns of the windings, thus providing a simplified circuit. 
   The intermittent period can be adjusted readily in stability. 
   Moreover, the output ripple voltage adjustment by the intermittent operation can be adjusted extremely readily.