Patent Publication Number: US-2022215664-A1

Title: Timeline-Video Relationship Processing for Alert Events

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/335,396, filed on Oct. 26, 2016, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/335,399, filed on Oct. 26, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,386,999, issued on Aug. 20, 2019; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/208,578, filed on Jul. 12, 2016; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/208,585, filed on Jul. 12, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,263,802, issued on Apr. 16, 2019, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The disclosed implementations relate generally to video monitoring, including, but not limited, to monitoring and reviewing video feeds, events, and corresponding timelines. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The advancement of internet and mobile technologies has enabled the adoption of remote video surveillance by users. Users can now monitor an area under video surveillance using a website or a mobile application. Such websites or mobile apps typically allow a user to view live video and/or saved video recordings, but otherwise provide little or no additional information regarding the videos. Furthermore, the user interfaces for viewing these live or saved videos have a user control flow that does not provide adequate context or information to the user. Thus, more efficient, informative, and user-friendly presentations of live and saved video surveillance are needed. 
     SUMMARY 
     Accordingly, there is a need for presentations of live and/or saved video with a more efficient user control flow and more useful information. Such methods optionally complement or replace conventional methods for presenting live and/or saved video from video streams. 
     In accordance with some implementations, a method includes, at an electronic device having a display, one or more processors, and memory storing one or more programs for execution by the one or more processors: displaying, via the display of the electronic device, a user interface having a first region and a second region; receiving, and displaying in the first region of the user interface, a live video stream of a physical environment captured by a video camera located remotely from the electronic device, wherein at least some of the live video stream is recorded at a remote server; displaying, in the second region of the user interface, a timeline corresponding to a timespan for a first portion of a duration during which the live video stream may have been recorded; in response to receiving a user interaction indicating a desire to move the timespan to a second portion of the duration during which the live video stream may have been recorded, transitioning the displayed timeline to a new timeline that corresponds to the timespan for the second portion, and while transitioning the displayed timeline to the new timeline, displaying, in the first region of the user interface, a subset of video frames representing the first and/or second portion of the duration during which the live video stream may have been recorded. 
     In accordance with some implementations, an electronic device includes a display, one or more processors, and memory storing one or more programs to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for: displaying, via the display of the electronic device, a user interface having a first region and a second region; receiving, and displaying in the first region of the user interface, a live video stream of a physical environment captured by a video camera located remotely from the electronic device, wherein at least some of the live video stream is recorded at a remote server; displaying, in the second region of the user interface, a timeline corresponding to a timespan for a first portion of a duration during which the live video stream may have been recorded; in response to receiving a user interaction indicating a desire to move the timespan to a second portion of the duration during which the live video stream may have been recorded, transitioning the displayed timeline to a new timeline that corresponds to the timespan for the second portion, and while transitioning the displayed timeline to the new timeline, displaying, in the first region of the user interface, a subset of video frames representing the first and/or second portion of the duration during which the live video stream may have been recorded. 
     In accordance with some implementations, a non-transitory computer readable storage medium stores one or more programs. The one or more programs include instructions, which, when executed by an electronic device with a display and one or more processors, cause the electronic device to perform operations including: displaying, via the display of the electronic device, a user interface having a first region and a second region; receiving, and displaying in the first region of the user interface, a live video stream of a physical environment captured by a video camera located remotely from the electronic device, wherein at least some of the live video stream is recorded at a remote server; displaying, in the second region of the user interface, a timeline corresponding to a timespan for a first portion of a duration during which the live video stream may have been recorded; in response to receiving a user interaction indicating a desire to move the timespan to a second portion of the duration during which the live video stream may have been recorded, transitioning the displayed timeline to a new timeline that corresponds to the timespan for the second portion, and while transitioning the displayed timeline to the new timeline, displaying, in the first region of the user interface, a subset of video frames representing the first and/or second portion of the duration during which the live video stream may have been recorded. 
     In accordance with some implementations, a method includes, at a server system: receiving a video stream from a remote video camera, wherein the video stream comprises a plurality of video frames; selecting a plurality of non-contiguous frames from the video stream, the plurality of non-contiguous frames being associated with a predetermined time interval; encoding the plurality of non-contiguous frames as a compressed video segment associated with the time interval; receiving a request from an application running on a client device to review video from the remote video camera for the time interval; and in response to the request, transmitting the video segment to the client device for viewing in the application. 
     In accordance with some implementations, a computer system includes one or more processors and memory storing one or more programs to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for: receiving a video stream from a remote video camera, wherein the video stream comprises a plurality of video frames; selecting a plurality of non-contiguous frames from the video stream, the plurality of non-contiguous frames being associated with a predetermined time interval; encoding the plurality of non-contiguous frames as a compressed video segment associated with the time interval; receiving a request from an application running on a client device to review video from the remote video camera for the time interval; and in response to the request, transmitting the video segment to the client device for viewing in the application. 
     In accordance with some implementations, a non-transitory computer readable storage medium stores one or more programs. The one or more programs include instructions, which, when executed by a computer system with one or more processors, cause the computer system to perform operations including: receiving a video stream from a remote video camera, wherein the video stream comprises a plurality of video frames; selecting a plurality of non-contiguous frames from the video stream, the plurality of non-contiguous frames being associated with a predetermined time interval; encoding the plurality of non-contiguous frames as a compressed video segment associated with the time interval; receiving a request from an application running on a client device to review video from the remote video camera for the time interval; and in response to the request, transmitting the video segment to the client device for viewing in the application. 
     Thus, computing systems are provided with more efficient methods for presenting live and/or saved video and related information, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such systems. Such methods may complement or replace conventional methods for presenting live and/or saved video. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee. 
       For a better understanding of the various described implementations, reference should be made to the Description of Implementations below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIG. 1  is an example smart home environment, in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating an example network architecture that includes a smart home network, in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a network-level view of an extensible devices and services platform with which the smart home environment of  FIG. 1  is integrated, in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates an abstracted functional view of the extensible devices and services platform of  FIG. 3 , with reference to a processing engine as well as devices of the smart home environment, in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIG. 5A  is a representative operating environment in which a hub device server system interacts with client devices and hub devices communicatively coupled to local smart devices, in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIG. 5B  is a representative operating environment in which a video server system interacts with client devices and hub devices communicatively coupled to local smart devices, in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIG. 6  is a block diagram illustrating a representative hub device, in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIG. 7A  is a block diagram illustrating a representative hub device server system, in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIGS. 7B-7C  are block diagrams illustrating a representative video server system, in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIG. 7D  is a block diagram illustrating a representative client interface server, in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIG. 7E  is a block diagram illustrating a representative camera interface server, in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIG. 8A-8B  are block diagrams illustrating a representative client device associated with a user account, in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIG. 9A  is a block diagram illustrating a representative smart device, in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIG. 9B  is a block diagram illustrating a representative video capturing device (e.g., a camera) in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIG. 10  is a block diagram illustrating a representative smart home provider server system, in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIG. 11A  illustrates a representative system architecture, in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIG. 11B  illustrates a representative processing pipeline, in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIGS. 12A-12M  illustrate example user interfaces on a client device for presenting a timeline-video relationship in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIG. 13  illustrates a flowchart diagram of a method for presenting a timeline-video relationship, in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIGS. 14A-14L  illustrate example screenshots of user interfaces on a client device in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIG. 15  is a block diagram illustrating an example operating environment in which a server system interacts with client devices and smart devices, in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIGS. 16A-16B  illustrate a flow diagram of an example process for generating extracted-frames video in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIG. 17  illustrates a flow diagram of an example process for displaying extracted-frames video in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIGS. 18A-18D  illustrate diagrams showing an example frame extraction arrangement for a video feed segment and a frames arrangement in the corresponding extracted-frames video, in accordance with some implementations. 
         FIG. 19  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of generating and transmitting video for viewing at a client device, in accordance with some implementations. 
     
    
    
     Like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings. 
     DESCRIPTION OF IMPLEMENTATIONS 
     Reference will now be made in detail to implementations, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various described implementations. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various described implementations may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the implementations. 
       FIG. 1  is an example smart home environment  100  in accordance with some implementations. Smart home environment  100  includes a structure  150  (e.g., a house, office building, garage, or mobile home) with various integrated devices. It will be appreciated that devices may also be integrated into a smart home environment  100  that does not include an entire structure  150 , such as an apartment, condominium, or office space. Further, the smart home environment  100  may control and/or be coupled to devices outside of the actual structure  150 . Indeed, one or more devices in the smart home environment  100  need not be physically within the structure  150 . For example, a device controlling a pool heater  114  or irrigation system  116  may be located outside of the structure  150 . 
     The depicted structure  150  includes a plurality of rooms  152 , separated at least partly from each other via walls  154 . The walls  154  may include interior walls or exterior walls. Each room may further include a floor  156  and a ceiling  158 . Devices may be mounted on, integrated with and/or supported by a wall  154 , floor  156  or ceiling  158 . 
     In some implementations, the integrated devices of the smart home environment  100  include intelligent, multi-sensing, network-connected devices that integrate seamlessly with each other in a smart home network (e.g.,  202   FIG. 2 ) and/or with a central server or a cloud-computing system to provide a variety of useful smart home functions. The smart home environment  100  may include one or more intelligent, multi-sensing, network-connected thermostats  102  (hereinafter referred to as “smart thermostats  102 ”), one or more intelligent, network-connected, multi-sensing hazard detection units  104  (hereinafter referred to as “smart hazard detectors  104 ”), one or more intelligent, multi-sensing, network-connected entryway interface devices  106  and  120  (hereinafter referred to as “smart doorbells  106 ” and “smart door locks  120 ”), and one or more intelligent, multi-sensing, network-connected alarm systems  122  (hereinafter referred to as “smart alarm systems  122 ”). 
     In some implementations, the one or more smart thermostats  102  detect ambient climate characteristics (e.g., temperature and/or humidity) and control a HVAC system  103  accordingly. For example, a respective smart thermostat  102  includes an ambient temperature sensor. 
     The one or more smart hazard detectors  104  may include thermal radiation sensors directed at respective heat sources (e.g., a stove, oven, other appliances, a fireplace, etc.). For example, a smart hazard detector  104  in a kitchen  153  includes a thermal radiation sensor directed at a stove/oven  112 . A thermal radiation sensor may determine the temperature of the respective heat source (or a portion thereof) at which it is directed and may provide corresponding blackbody radiation data as output. 
     The smart doorbell  106  and/or the smart door lock  120  may detect a person&#39;s approach to or departure from a location (e.g., an outer door), control doorbell/door locking functionality (e.g., receive user inputs from a portable electronic device  166 - 1  to actuate bolt of the smart door lock  120 ), announce a person&#39;s approach or departure via audio or visual means, and/or control settings on a security system (e.g., to activate or deactivate the security system when occupants go and come). 
     The smart alarm system  122  may detect the presence of an individual within close proximity (e.g., using built-in IR sensors), sound an alarm (e.g., through a built-in speaker, or by sending commands to one or more external speakers), and send notifications to entities or users within/outside of the smart home network  100 . In some implementations, the smart alarm system  122  also includes one or more input devices or sensors (e.g., keypad, biometric scanner, NFC transceiver, microphone) for verifying the identity of a user, and one or more output devices (e.g., display, speaker). In some implementations, the smart alarm system  122  may also be set to an “armed” mode, such that detection of a trigger condition or event causes the alarm to be sounded unless a disarming action is performed. 
     In some implementations, the smart home environment  100  includes one or more intelligent, multi-sensing, network-connected wall switches  108  (hereinafter referred to as “smart wall switches  108 ”), along with one or more intelligent, multi-sensing, network-connected wall plug interfaces  110  (hereinafter referred to as “smart wall plugs  110 ”). The smart wall switches  108  may detect ambient lighting conditions, detect room-occupancy states, and control a power and/or dim state of one or more lights. In some instances, smart wall switches  108  may also control a power state or speed of a fan, such as a ceiling fan. The smart wall plugs  110  may detect occupancy of a room or enclosure and control supply of power to one or more wall plugs (e.g., such that power is not supplied to the plug if nobody is at home). 
     In some implementations, the smart home environment  100  of  FIG. 1  includes a plurality of intelligent, multi-sensing, network-connected appliances  112  (hereinafter referred to as “smart appliances  112 ”), such as refrigerators, stoves, ovens, televisions, washers, dryers, lights, stereos, intercom systems, garage-door openers, floor fans, ceiling fans, wall air conditioners, pool heaters, irrigation systems, security systems, space heaters, window AC units, motorized duct vents, and so forth. In some implementations, when plugged in, an appliance may announce itself to the smart home network, such as by indicating what type of appliance it is, and it may automatically integrate with the controls of the smart home. Such communication by the appliance to the smart home may be facilitated by either a wired or wireless communication protocol. The smart home may also include a variety of non-communicating legacy appliances  140 , such as old conventional washer/dryers, refrigerators, and the like, which may be controlled by smart wall plugs  110 . The smart home environment  100  may further include a variety of partially communicating legacy appliances  142 , such as infrared (“IR”) controlled wall air conditioners or other IR-controlled devices, which may be controlled by IR signals provided by the smart hazard detectors  104  or the smart wall switches  108 . 
     In some implementations, the smart home environment  100  includes one or more network-connected cameras  118  that are configured to provide video monitoring and security in the smart home environment  100 . In some implementations, cameras  118  also capture video when other conditions or hazards are detected, in order to provide visual monitoring of the smart home environment  100  when those conditions or hazards occur. The cameras  118  may be used to determine occupancy of the structure  150  and/or particular rooms  152  in the structure  150 , and thus may act as occupancy sensors. For example, video captured by the cameras  118  may be processed to identify the presence of an occupant in the structure  150  (e.g., in a particular room  152 ). Specific individuals may be identified based, for example, on their appearance (e.g., height, face) and/or movement (e.g., their walk/gait). For example, cameras  118  may additionally include one or more sensors (e.g., IR sensors, motion detectors), input devices (e.g., microphone for capturing audio), and output devices (e.g., speaker for outputting audio). 
     The smart home environment  100  may additionally or alternatively include one or more other occupancy sensors (e.g., the smart doorbell  106 , smart door locks  120 , touch screens, IR sensors, microphones, ambient light sensors, motion detectors, smart nightlights  170 , etc.). In some implementations, the smart home environment  100  includes radio-frequency identification (RFID) readers (e.g., in each room  152  or a portion thereof) that determine occupancy based on RFID tags located on or embedded in occupants. For example, RFID readers may be integrated into the smart hazard detectors  104 . 
     The smart home environment  100  may include one or more sound and/or vibration sensors for detecting abnormal sounds and/or vibrations. These sensors may be integrated with any of the devices described above. The sound sensors detect sound above a decibel threshold. The vibration sensors detect vibration above a threshold directed at a particular area (e.g., vibration on a particular window when a force is applied to break the window). 
     Conditions detected by the devices described above (e.g., motion, sound, vibrations, hazards) may be referred to collectively as alert events. 
     The smart home environment  100  may also include communication with devices outside of the physical home but within a proximate geographical range of the home. For example, the smart home environment  100  may include a pool heater monitor  114  that communicates a current pool temperature to other devices within the smart home environment  100  and/or receives commands for controlling the pool temperature. Similarly, the smart home environment  100  may include an irrigation monitor  116  that communicates information regarding irrigation systems within the smart home environment  100  and/or receives control information for controlling such irrigation systems. 
     By virtue of network connectivity, one or more of the smart home devices of  FIG. 1  may further allow a user to interact with the device even if the user is not proximate to the device. For example, a user may communicate with a device using a computer (e.g., a desktop computer, laptop computer, or tablet) or other portable electronic device  166  (e.g., a mobile phone, such as a smart phone). A webpage or application may be configured to receive communications from the user and control the device based on the communications and/or to present information about the device&#39;s operation to the user. For example, the user may view a current set point temperature for a device (e.g., a stove) and adjust it using a computer. The user may be in the structure during this remote communication or outside the structure. 
     As discussed above, users may control smart devices in the smart home environment  100  using a network-connected computer or portable electronic device  166 . In some examples, some or all of the occupants (e.g., individuals who live in the home) may register their device  166  with the smart home environment  100 . Such registration may be made at a central server to authenticate the occupant and/or the device as being associated with the home and to give permission to the occupant to use the device to control the smart devices in the home. An occupant may use their registered device  166  to remotely control the smart devices of the home, such as when the occupant is at work or on vacation. The occupant may also use their registered device to control the smart devices when the occupant is actually located inside the home, such as when the occupant is sitting on a couch inside the home. It should be appreciated that instead of or in addition to registering devices  166 , the smart home environment  100  may make inferences about which individuals live in the home and are therefore occupants and which devices  166  are associated with those individuals. As such, the smart home environment may “learn” who is an occupant and permit the devices  166  associated with those individuals to control the smart devices of the home. 
     In some implementations, in addition to containing processing and sensing capabilities, devices  102 ,  104 ,  106 ,  108 ,  110 ,  112 ,  114 ,  116 ,  118 ,  120 , and/or  122  (collectively referred to as “the smart devices”) are capable of data communications and information sharing with other smart devices, a central server or cloud-computing system, and/or other devices that are network-connected. Data communications may be carried out using any of a variety of custom or standard wireless protocols (e.g., IEEE 802.15.4, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, Thread, Z-Wave, Bluetooth Smart, ISA100.lla, WirelessHART, MiWi, etc.) and/or any of a variety of custom or standard wired protocols (e.g., Ethernet, HomePlug, etc.), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     In some implementations, the smart devices serve as wireless or wired repeaters. In some implementations, a first one of the smart devices communicates with a second one of the smart devices via a wireless router. The smart devices may further communicate with each other via a connection (e.g., network interface  160 ) to a network, such as the Internet  162 . Through the Internet  162 , the smart devices may communicate with a smart home provider server system  164  (also called a central server system and/or a cloud-computing system herein). The smart home provider server system  164  may be associated with a manufacturer, support entity, or service provider associated with the smart device(s). In some implementations, a user is able to contact customer support using a smart device itself rather than needing to use other communication means, such as a telephone or Internet-connected computer. In some implementations, software updates are automatically sent from the smart home provider server system  164  to smart devices (e.g., when available, when purchased, or at routine intervals). 
     In some implementations, the network interface  160  includes a conventional network device (e.g., a router), and the smart home environment  100  of  FIG. 1  includes a hub device  180  that is communicatively coupled to the network(s)  162  directly or via the network interface  160 . The hub device  180  is further communicatively coupled to one or more of the above intelligent, multi-sensing, network-connected devices (e.g., smart devices of the smart home environment  100 ). Each of these smart devices optionally communicates with the hub device  180  using one or more radio communication networks available at least in the smart home environment  100  (e.g., ZigBee, Z-Wave, Insteon, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and other radio communication networks). In some implementations, the hub device  180  and devices coupled with/to the hub device can be controlled and/or interacted with via an application running on a smart phone, household controller, laptop, tablet computer, game console or similar electronic device. In some implementations, a user of such controller application can view status of the hub device or coupled smart devices, configure the hub device to interoperate with smart devices newly introduced to the home network, commission new smart devices, and adjust or view settings of connected smart devices, etc. In some implementations the hub device extends capabilities of low capability smart device to match capabilities of the highly capable smart devices of the same type, integrates functionality of multiple different device types—even across different communication protocols, and is configured to streamline adding of new devices and commissioning of the hub device. 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating an example network architecture  200  that includes a smart home network  202  in accordance with some implementations. In some implementations, the smart devices  204  in the smart home environment  100  (e.g., devices  102 ,  104 ,  106 ,  108 ,  110 ,  112 ,  114 ,  116 ,  118 ,  120 , and/or  122 ) combine with the hub device  180  to create a mesh network in smart home network  202 . In some implementations, one or more smart devices  204  in the smart home network  202  operate as a smart home controller. Additionally and/or alternatively, hub device  180  operates as the smart home controller. In some implementations, a smart home controller has more computing power than other smart devices. In some implementations, a smart home controller processes inputs (e.g., from smart devices  204 , electronic device  166 , and/or smart home provider server system  164 ) and sends commands (e.g., to smart devices  204  in the smart home network  202 ) to control operation of the smart home environment  100 . In some implementations, some of the smart devices  204  in the smart home network  202  (e.g., in the mesh network) are “spokesman” nodes (e.g.,  204 - 1 ) and others are “low-powered” nodes (e.g.,  204 - 9 ). Some of the smart devices in the smart home environment  100  are battery powered, while others have a regular and reliable power source, such as by connecting to wiring (e.g., to 120V line voltage wires) behind the walls  154  of the smart home environment. The smart devices that have a regular and reliable power source are referred to as “spokesman” nodes. These nodes are typically equipped with the capability of using a wireless protocol to facilitate bidirectional communication with a variety of other devices in the smart home environment  100 , as well as with the smart home provider server system  164 . In some implementations, one or more “spokesman” nodes operate as a smart home controller. On the other hand, the devices that are battery powered are the “low-power” nodes. These nodes tend to be smaller than spokesman nodes and typically only communicate using wireless protocols that require very little power, such as Zigbee, 6LoWPAN, etc. 
     In some implementations, some low-power nodes are incapable of bidirectional communication. These low-power nodes send messages, but they are unable to “listen”. Thus, other devices in the smart home environment  100 , such as the spokesman nodes, cannot send information to these low-power nodes. 
     In some implementations, some low-power nodes are capable of only a limited bidirectional communication. For example, other devices are able to communicate with the low-power nodes only during a certain time period. 
     As described, in some implementations, the smart devices serve as low-power and spokesman nodes to create a mesh network in the smart home environment  100 . In some implementations, individual low-power nodes in the smart home environment regularly send out messages regarding what they are sensing, and the other low-powered nodes in the smart home environment—in addition to sending out their own messages—forward the messages, thereby causing the messages to travel from node to node (i.e., device to device) throughout the smart home network  202 . In some implementations, the spokesman nodes in the smart home network  202 , which are able to communicate using a relatively high-power communication protocol, such as IEEE 802.11, are able to switch to a relatively low-power communication protocol, such as IEEE 802.15.4, to receive these messages, translate the messages to other communication protocols, and send the translated messages to other spokesman nodes and/or the smart home provider server system  164  (using, e.g., the relatively high-power communication protocol). Thus, the low-powered nodes using low-power communication protocols are able to send and/or receive messages across the entire smart home network  202 , as well as over the Internet  162  to the smart home provider server system  164 . In some implementations, the mesh network enables the smart home provider server system  164  to regularly receive data from most or all of the smart devices in the home, make inferences based on the data, facilitate state synchronization across devices within and outside of the smart home network  202 , and send commands to one or more of the smart devices to perform tasks in the smart home environment. 
     As described, the spokesman nodes and some of the low-powered nodes are capable of “listening.” Accordingly, users, other devices, and/or the smart home provider server system  164  may communicate control commands to the low-powered nodes. For example, a user may use the electronic device  166  (e.g., a smart phone) to send commands over the Internet to the smart home provider server system  164 , which then relays the commands to one or more spokesman nodes in the smart home network  202 . The spokesman nodes may use a low-power protocol to communicate the commands to the low-power nodes throughout the smart home network  202 , as well as to other spokesman nodes that did not receive the commands directly from the smart home provider server system  164 . 
     In some implementations, a smart nightlight  170  ( FIG. 1 ), which is an example of a smart device  204 , is a low-power node. In addition to housing a light source, the smart nightlight  170  houses an occupancy sensor, such as an ultrasonic or passive IR sensor, and an ambient light sensor, such as a photo resistor or a single-pixel sensor that measures light in the room. In some implementations, the smart nightlight  170  is configured to activate the light source when its ambient light sensor detects that the room is dark and when its occupancy sensor detects that someone is in the room. In some implementations, the smart nightlight  170  is simply configured to activate the light source when its ambient light sensor detects that the room is dark. Further, in some implementations, the smart nightlight  170  includes a low-power wireless communication chip (e.g., a ZigBee chip) that regularly sends out messages regarding the occupancy of the room and the amount of light in the room, including instantaneous messages coincident with the occupancy sensor detecting the presence of a person in the room. As mentioned above, these messages may be sent wirelessly (e.g., using the mesh network) from node to node (i.e., smart device to smart device) within the smart home network  202  as well as over the Internet  162  to the smart home provider server system  164 . 
     Other examples of low-power nodes include battery-operated versions of the smart hazard detectors  104 . These smart hazard detectors  104  are often located in an area without access to constant and reliable power and may include any number and type of sensors, such as smoke/fire/heat sensors (e.g., thermal radiation sensors), carbon monoxide/dioxide sensors, occupancy/motion sensors, ambient light sensors, ambient temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and the like. Furthermore, smart hazard detectors  104  may send messages that correspond to each of the respective sensors to the other devices and/or the smart home provider server system  164 , such as by using the mesh network as described above. 
     Examples of spokesman nodes include smart doorbells  106 , smart thermostats  102 , smart wall switches  108 , and smart wall plugs  110 . These devices are often located near and connected to a reliable power source, and therefore may include more power-consuming components, such as one or more communication chips capable of bidirectional communication in a variety of protocols. 
     In some implementations, the smart home environment  100  includes service robots  168  ( FIG. 1 ) that are configured to carry out, in an autonomous manner, any of a variety of household tasks. 
     As explained above with reference to  FIG. 1 , in some implementations, the smart home environment  100  of  FIG. 1  includes a hub device  180  that is communicatively coupled to the network(s)  162  directly or via the network interface  160 . The hub device  180  is further communicatively coupled to one or more of the smart devices using a radio communication network that is available at least in the smart home environment  100 . Communication protocols used by the radio communication network include, but are not limited to, ZigBee, Z-Wave, Insteon, EuOcean, Thread, OSIAN, Bluetooth Low Energy and the like. In some implementations, the hub device  180  not only converts the data received from each smart device to meet the data format requirements of the network interface  160  or the network(s)  162 , but also converts information received from the network interface  160  or the network(s)  162  to meet the data format requirements of the respective communication protocol associated with a targeted smart device. In some implementations, in addition to data format conversion, the hub device  180  further processes the data received from the smart devices or information received from the network interface  160  or the network(s)  162  preliminary. For example, the hub device  180  can integrate inputs from multiple sensors/connected devices (including sensors/devices of the same and/or different types), perform higher level processing on those inputs—e.g., to assess the overall environment and coordinate operation among the different sensors/devices—and/or provide instructions to the different devices based on the collection of inputs and programmed processing. It is also noted that in some implementations, the network interface  160  and the hub device  180  are integrated to one network device. Functionality described herein is representative of particular implementations of smart devices, control application(s) running on representative electronic device(s) (such as a smart phone), hub device(s)  180 , and server(s) coupled to hub device(s) via the Internet or other Wide Area Network. All or a portion of this functionality and associated operations can be performed by any elements of the described system—for example, all or a portion of the functionality described herein as being performed by an implementation of the hub device can be performed, in different system implementations, in whole or in part on the server, one or more connected smart devices and/or the control application, or different combinations thereof. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a network-level view of an extensible devices and services platform with which the smart home environment of  FIG. 1  is integrated, in accordance with some implementations. The extensible devices and services platform  300  includes smart home provider server system  164 . Each of the intelligent, network-connected devices described with reference to  FIG. 1  (e.g.,  102 ,  104 ,  106 ,  108 ,  110 ,  112 ,  114 ,  116  and  118 , identified simply as “devices” in  FIGS. 2-4 ) may communicate with the smart home provider server system  164 . For example, a connection to the Internet  162  may be established either directly (for example, using 3G/4G connectivity to a wireless carrier), or through a network interface  160  (e.g., a router, switch, gateway, hub device, or an intelligent, dedicated whole-home controller node), or through any combination thereof. 
     In some implementations, the devices and services platform  300  communicates with and collects data from the smart devices of the smart home environment  100 . In addition, in some implementations, the devices and services platform  300  communicates with and collects data from a plurality of smart home environments across the world. For example, the smart home provider server system  164  collects home data  302  from the devices of one or more smart home environments  100 , where the devices may routinely transmit home data or may transmit home data in specific instances (e.g., when a device queries the home data  302 ). Example collected home data  302  includes, without limitation, power consumption data, blackbody radiation data, occupancy data, HVAC settings and usage data, carbon monoxide levels data, carbon dioxide levels data, volatile organic compounds levels data, sleeping schedule data, cooking schedule data, inside and outside temperature humidity data, television viewership data, inside and outside noise level data, pressure data, video data, etc. 
     In some implementations, the smart home provider server system  164  provides one or more services  304  to smart homes and/or third parties. Example services  304  include, without limitation, software updates, customer support, sensor data collection/logging, remote access, remote or distributed control, and/or use suggestions (e.g., based on collected home data  302 ) to improve performance, reduce utility cost, increase safety, etc. In some implementations, data associated with the services  304  is stored at the smart home provider server system  164 , and the smart home provider server system  164  retrieves and transmits the data at appropriate times (e.g., at regular intervals, upon receiving a request from a user, etc.). 
     In some implementations, the extensible devices and services platform  300  includes a processing engine  306 , which may be concentrated at a single server or distributed among several different computing entities without limitation. In some implementations, the processing engine  306  includes engines configured to receive data from the devices of smart home environments  100  (e.g., via the Internet  162  and/or a network interface  160 ), to index the data, to analyze the data and/or to generate statistics based on the analysis or as part of the analysis. In some implementations, the analyzed data is stored as derived home data  308 . 
     Results of the analysis or statistics may thereafter be transmitted back to the device that provided home data used to derive the results, to other devices, to a server providing a webpage to a user of the device, or to other non-smart device entities. In some implementations, usage statistics, usage statistics relative to use of other devices, usage patterns, and/or statistics summarizing sensor readings are generated by the processing engine  306  and transmitted. The results or statistics may be provided via the Internet  162 . In this manner, the processing engine  306  may be configured and programmed to derive a variety of useful information from the home data  302 . A single server may include one or more processing engines. 
     The derived home data  308  may be used at different granularities for a variety of useful purposes, ranging from explicit programmed control of the devices on a per-home, per-neighborhood, or per-region basis (for example, demand-response programs for electrical utilities), to the generation of inferential abstractions that may assist on a per-home basis (for example, an inference may be drawn that the homeowner has left for vacation and so security detection equipment may be put on heightened sensitivity), to the generation of statistics and associated inferential abstractions that may be used for government or charitable purposes. For example, processing engine  306  may generate statistics about device usage across a population of devices and send the statistics to device users, service providers or other entities (e.g., entities that have requested the statistics and/or entities that have provided monetary compensation for the statistics). 
     In some implementations, to encourage innovation and research and to increase products and services available to users, the devices and services platform  300  exposes a range of application programming interfaces (APis)  310  to third parties, such as charities  314 , governmental entities  316  (e.g., the Food and Drug Administration or the Environmental Protection Agency), academic institutions  318  (e.g., university researchers), businesses  320  (e.g., providing device warranties or service to related equipment, targeting advertisements based on home data), utility companies  324 , and other third parties. The APis  310  are coupled to and permit third-party systems to communicate with the smart home provider server system  164 , including the services  304 , the processing engine  306 , the home data  302 , and the derived home data  308 . In some implementations, the APis  310  allow applications executed by the third parties to initiate specific data processing tasks that are executed by the smart home provider server system  164 , as well as to receive dynamic updates to the home data  302  and the derived home data  308 . 
     For example, third parties may develop programs and/or applications (e.g., web applications or mobile applications) that integrate with the smart home provider server system  164  to provide services and information to users. Such programs and applications may be, for example, designed to help users reduce energy consumption, to preemptively service faulty equipment, to prepare for high service demands, to track past service performance, etc., and/or to perform other beneficial functions or tasks. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates an abstracted functional view  400  of the extensible devices and services platform  300  of  FIG. 3 , with reference to a processing engine  306  as well as devices of the smart home environment, in accordance with some implementations. Even though devices situated in smart home environments will have a wide variety of different individual capabilities and limitations, the devices may be thought of as sharing common characteristics in that each device is a data consumer  402  (DC), a data source  404  (DS), a services consumer  406  (SC), and a services source  408  (SS). Advantageously, in addition to providing control information used by the devices to achieve their local and immediate objectives, the extensible devices and services platform  300  may also be configured to use the large amount of data that is generated by these devices. In addition to enhancing or optimizing the actual operation of the devices themselves with respect to their immediate functions, the extensible devices and services platform  300  may be directed to “repurpose” that data in a variety of automated, extensible, flexible, and/or scalable ways to achieve a variety of useful objectives. These objectives may be predefined or adaptively identified based on, e.g., usage patterns, device efficiency, and/or user input (e.g., requesting specific functionality). 
       FIG. 4  shows processing engine  306  as including a number of processing paradigms  410 . In some implementations, processing engine  306  includes a managed services paradigm  410   a  that monitors and manages primary or secondary device functions. The device functions may include ensuring proper operation of a device given user inputs, estimating that (e.g., and responding to an instance in which) an intruder is or is attempting to be in a dwelling, detecting a failure of equipment coupled to the device (e.g., a light bulb having burned out), implementing or otherwise responding to energy demand response events, providing a heat-source alert, and/or alerting a user of a current or predicted future event or characteristic. In some implementations, processing engine  306  includes an advertising/communication paradigm  410   b  that estimates characteristics (e.g., demographic information), desires and/or products of interest of a user based on device usage. Services, promotions, products or upgrades may then be offered or automatically provided to the user. In some implementations, processing engine  306  includes a social paradigm  410   c  that uses information from a social network, provides information to a social network (for example, based on device usage), and/or processes data associated with user and/or device interactions with the social network platform. For example, a user&#39;s status as reported to their trusted contacts on the social network may be updated to indicate when the user is home based on light detection, security system inactivation or device usage detectors. As another example, a user may be able to share device-usage statistics with other users. In yet another example, a user may share HVAC settings that result in low power bills and other users may download the HVAC settings to their smart thermostat  102  to reduce their power bills. 
     In some implementations, processing engine  306  includes a challenges/rules/compliance/rewards paradigm  410   d  that informs a user of challenges, competitions, rules, compliance regulations and/or rewards and/or that uses operation data to determine whether a challenge has been met, a rule or regulation has been complied with and/or a reward has been earned. The challenges, rules, and/or regulations may relate to efforts to conserve energy, to live safely (e.g., reducing the occurrence of heat-source alerts) (e.g., reducing exposure to toxins or carcinogens), to conserve money and/or equipment life, to improve health, etc. For example, one challenge may involve participants turning down their thermostat by one degree for one week. Those participants that successfully complete the challenge are rewarded, such as with coupons, virtual currency, status, etc. Regarding compliance, an example involves a rental-property owner making a rule that no renters are permitted to access certain owner&#39;s rooms. The devices in the room having occupancy sensors may send updates to the owner when the room is accessed. 
     In some implementations, processing engine  306  integrates or otherwise uses extrinsic information  412  from extrinsic sources to improve the functioning of one or more processing paradigms. Extrinsic information  412  may be used to interpret data received from a device, to determine a characteristic of the environment near the device (e.g., outside a structure that the device is enclosed in), to determine services or products available to the user, to identify a social network or social-network information, to determine contact information of entities (e.g., public-service entities such as an emergency-response team, the police or a hospital) near the device, to identify statistical or environmental conditions, trends or other information associated with a home or neighborhood, and so forth. 
       FIG. 5A  illustrates a representative operating environment  500  in which a hub device server system  508  provides data processing for monitoring and facilitating review of alert events (e.g., motion events) in video streams captured by video cameras  118 . As shown in Figure SA, the hub device server system  508  receives video data from video sources  522  (including cameras  118 ) located at various physical locations (e.g., inside homes, restaurants, stores, streets, parking lots, and/or the smart home environments  100  of  FIG. 1 ). Each video source  522  may be bound to one or more user (e.g., reviewer) accounts, and the hub device server system  508  provides video monitoring data for the video source  522  to client devices  504  associated with the reviewer accounts. For example, the portable electronic device  166  is an example of a client device  504 . 
     In some implementations, the smart home provider server system  164  or a component thereof serves as the hub device server system  508 ; the hub device server system  508  is a part or component of the smart home provider server system  164 . In some implementations, the hub device server system  508  is a dedicated video processing server that provides video processing services to video sources and client devices  504  independent of other services provided by the hub device server system  508 . An example of a video processing server is described below with reference to  FIG. 5B . 
     In some implementations, each of the video sources  522  includes one or more video cameras  118  that capture video and send the captured video to the hub device server system  508  substantially in real-time. In some implementations, each of the video sources  522  optionally includes a controller device (not shown) that serves as an intermediary between the one or more cameras  118  and the hub device server system  508 . The controller device receives the video data from the one or more cameras  118 , optionally performs some preliminary processing on the video data, and sends the video data to the hub device server system  508  on behalf of the one or more cameras  118  substantially in real-time. In some implementations, each camera has its own on-board processing capabilities to perform some preliminary processing on the captured video data before sending the processed video data (along with metadata obtained through the preliminary processing) to the controller device and/or the hub device server system  508 . 
     In some implementations, a camera  118  of a video source  522  captures video at a first resolution (e.g., 720P and/or 1080P) and/or a first frame rate (24 frames per second), and sends the captured video to the hub device server system  508  at both the first resolution (e.g., the original capture resolution(s), the high-quality resolution(s) such as 1080P and/or 720P) and the first frame rate, and at a second, different resolution (e.g., 180P) and/or a second frame rate (e.g., 5 frames per second or 10 frames per second). For example, the camera  118  captures a video  523 - 1  at 720P and/or 1080P resolution (the camera  118  may capture a video at 1080P and create a downscaled 720P version, or capture at both 720P and 1080P). The video source  522  creates a second (or third), rescaled (and optionally at a different frame rate than the version  523 - 1 ) version  525 - 1  of the captured video at 180P resolution, and transmits both the original captured version  523 - 1  (i.e., 1080P and/or 720P) and the rescaled version  525 - 1  (i.e., the 180P version) to the hub device server system  508  for storage. In some implementations, the rescaled version has a lower resolution, and optionally a lower frame rate, than the original captured video. The hub device server system  508  transmits the original captured version or the rescaled version to a client  504 , depending on the context. For example, the hub device server system  508  transmits the rescaled version when transmitting multiple videos to the same client device  504  for concurrent monitoring by the user, and transmits the original captured version in other contexts. In some implementations, the hub device server system  508  downscales the original captured version to a lower resolution, and transmits the downscaled version. 
     In some implementations, a camera  118  of a video source  522  captures video at a first resolution (e.g., 720P and/or 1080P) and/or a first frame rate, and sends the captured video to the hub device server system  508  at the first resolution (e.g., the original capture resolution(s); the high-quality resolution(s) such as 1080P and/or 720P) and first frame rate for storage. When the hub device server system  508  transmits the video to a client device, the hub device server system  508  may downscale the video to a second, lower resolution (e.g., 180P) and/or second, lower frame rate for the transmission, depending on the context. For example, the hub device server system  508  transmits the downscaled version when transmitting multiple videos to the same client device  504  for concurrent monitoring by the user, and transmits the original captured version in other contexts. 
     As shown in Figure SA, in accordance with some implementations, each of the client devices  504  includes a client-side module  502 . The client-side module  502  communicates with a server-side module  506  executed on the hub device server system  508  through the one or more networks  162 . The client-side module  502  provides client-side functionalities for the event monitoring and review processing and communications with the server-side module  506 . The server-side module  506  provides server-side functionalities for event monitoring and review processing for any number of client-side modules  502  each residing on a respective client device  504 . The server-side module  506  also provides server-side functionalities for video processing and camera control for any number of the video sources  522 , including any number of control devices and the cameras  118 . 
     In some implementations, the server-side module  506  includes one or more processors  512 , a video storage database  514 , device and account databases  516 , an I/O interface to one or more client devices  518 , and an I/O interface to one or more video sources  520 . The I/O interface to one or more clients  518  facilitates the client-facing input and output processing for the server-side module  506 . In some implementations, the I/O interface to clients  518  or a transcoding proxy computer (not shown) rescales (e.g., downscales) and/or changes the frame rate of video for transmission to a client  504 . The databases  516  store a plurality of profiles for reviewer accounts registered with the video processing server, where a respective user profile includes account credentials for a respective reviewer account, and one or more video sources linked to the respective reviewer account. The I/O interface to one or more video sources  520  facilitates communications with one or more video sources  522  (e.g., groups of one or more cameras  118  and associated controller devices). The video storage database  514  stores raw video data received from the video sources  522 , as well as various types of metadata, such as motion events, event categories, event category models, event filters, and event masks, for use in data processing for event monitoring and review for each reviewer account. The video storage database  514  also includes in some implementations a collection of curated and condensed video frames (e.g., extracted-frames video, described further below) covering hours or days of stored raw video to facilitate fast, seamless user review/scrubbing using a client side module  502  through key events/cuepoints that occurred in those hours and days of stored video without needing to download to or review on a client device  504  the raw video directly. 
     In some implementations, the server-side module  506  receives information regarding alert events detected by other smart devices  204  (e.g., hazards, sound, vibration, motion). In accordance with the alert event information, the server-side module  506  instructs one or more video sources  522  in the smart home environment  100  where the alert event is detected to capture video and/or associate with the alert event video, received from the video sources  522  in the same smart home environment  100 , that is contemporaneous or proximate in time with the alert event. 
     Examples of a representative client device  504  include, but are not limited to, a handheld computer, a wearable computing device, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a cellular telephone, a smart phone, an enhanced general packet radio service (EGPRS) mobile phone, a media player, a navigation device, a game console, a television, a remote control, a point-of-sale (POS) terminal, vehicle-mounted computer, an ebook reader, or a combination of any two or more of these data processing devices or other data processing devices. For example, client devices  504 - 1 ,  504 - 2 , and  504 - m  are a smart phone, a tablet computer, and a laptop computer, respectively. 
     Examples of the one or more networks  162  include local area networks (LAN) and wide area networks (WAN) such as the Internet. The one or more networks  162  are, optionally, implemented using any known network protocol, including various wired or wireless protocols, such as Ethernet, Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, Long Term Evolution (LTE), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, or any other suitable communication protocol. 
     In some implementations, the hub device server system  508  is implemented on one or more standalone data processing apparatuses or a distributed network of computers. In some implementations, the hub device server system  508  also employs various virtual devices and/or services of third party service providers (e.g., third-party cloud service providers) to provide the underlying computing resources and/or infrastructure resources of the hub device server system  508 . In some implementations, the hub device server system  508  includes, but is not limited to, a handheld computer, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, or a combination of any two or more of these data processing devices or other data processing devices. 
     The server-client environment  500  shown in Figure SA includes both a client-side portion (e.g., the client-side module  502 ) and a server-side portion (e.g., the server-side module  506 ). The division of functionalities between the client and server portions of operating environment  500  can vary in different implementations. Similarly, the division of functionalities between the video source  522  and the hub device server system  508  can vary in different implementations. For example, in some implementations, client-side module  502  is a thin-client that provides only user-facing input and output processing functions, and delegates all other data processing functionalities to a backend server (e.g., the hub device server system  508 ). Similarly, in some implementations, a respective one of the video sources  522  is a simple video capturing device that continuously captures and streams video data to the hub device server system  508  with no or limited local preliminary processing on the video data. Although many aspects of the present technology are described from the perspective of the hub device server system  508 , the corresponding actions performed by the client device  504  and/or the video sources  522  would be apparent to ones skilled in the art without any creative efforts. Similarly, some aspects of the present technology may be described from the perspective of the client device or the video source, and the corresponding actions performed by the video server would be apparent to ones skilled in the art without any creative efforts. Furthermore, some aspects of the present technology may be performed by the hub device server system  508 , the client device  504 , and the video sources  522  cooperatively. 
     It should be understood that operating environment  500  that involves the hub device server system  508 , the video sources  522  and the video cameras  118  is merely an example. Many aspects of operating environment  500  are generally applicable in other operating environments in which a server system provides data processing for monitoring and facilitating review of data captured by other types of electronic devices (e.g., smart thermostats  102 , smart hazard detectors  104 , smart doorbells  106 , smart wall plugs  110 , appliances  112  and the like). 
     The electronic devices, the client devices or the server system communicate with each other using the one or more communication networks  162 . In an example smart home environment, two or more devices (e.g., the network interface device  160 , the hub device  180 , and the client devices  504 - m ) are located in close proximity to each other, such that they could be communicatively coupled in the same sub-network  162 A via wired connections, a WLAN or a Bluetooth Personal Area Network (PAN). The Bluetooth PAN is optionally established based on classical Bluetooth technology or Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology. This smart home environment further includes one or more other radio communication networks  162 B through which at least some of the electronic devices of the video sources  522 - n  exchange data with the hub device  180 . Alternatively, in some situations, some of the electronic devices of the video sources  522 - n  communicate with the network interface device  160  directly via the same sub-network  162 A that couples devices  160 ,  180  and  504 - m . In some implementations (e.g., in the network  1   62 C), both the client device  504 - m  and the electronic devices of the video sources  522 - n  communicate directly via the network(s)  162  without passing the network interface device  160  or the hub device  180 . 
     In some implementations, during normal operation, the network interface device  160  and the hub device  180  communicate with each other to form a network gateway through which data are exchanged with the electronic device of the video sources  522 - n . As explained above, the network interface device  160  and the hub device  180  optionally communicate with each other via a sub-network  162 A. 
     In some implementations, the hub device  180  is omitted, and the functionality of the hub device  180  is performed by the hub device server system  508 , video server system  552 , or smart home provider server system  164 . 
     In some implementations, the hub device server system  508  is, or includes, a dedicated video processing server. Figure SB illustrates a representative operating environment  550  in which a video server system  552  serves as a dedicated video processing server and provides data processing for monitoring and facilitating review of alert events (e.g., motion events) in video streams captured by video cameras  118 . As shown in Figure SB, the video server system  552  receives video data from video sources  522  (including cameras  118 ) located at various physical locations (e.g., inside homes, restaurants, stores, streets, parking lots, and/or the smart home environments  100  of  FIG. 1 ). Each video source  522  may be bound to one or more user (e.g., reviewer) accounts, and the video server system  552  provides video monitoring data for the video source  522  to client devices  504  associated with the reviewer accounts. For example, the portable electronic device  166  is an example of the client device  504 . 
     In some implementations, the smart home provider server system  164  or a component thereof serves as the video server system  552 ; the video server system  552  is a part or component of the smart home provider server system  164 . In some implementations, the video server system  552  is separate from the smart home provider server system  164 , and provides video processing services to video sources  522  and client devices  504  independent of other services provided by the smart home provider server system  164 . In some implementations, the smart home provider server system  164  and the video server system  552  are separate but communicate information with each other to provide functionality to users. For example, a detection of a hazard may be communicated by the smart home provider server system  164  to the video server system  552 , and the video server system  552 , in accordance with the communication regarding the detection of the hazard, records, processes, and/or provides video associated with the detected hazard. 
     In some implementations, each of the video sources  522  includes one or more video cameras  118  that capture video and send the captured video to the video server system  552  substantially in real-time. In some implementations, each of the video sources  522  optionally includes a controller device (not shown) that serves as an intermediary between the one or more cameras  118  and the video server system  552 . The controller device receives the video data from the one or more cameras  118 , optionally, performs some preliminary processing on the video data, and sends the video data to the video server system  552  on behalf of the one or more cameras  118  substantially in real-time. In some implementations, each camera has its own on-board processing capabilities to perform some preliminary processing on the captured video data before sending the processed video data (along with metadata obtained through the preliminary processing) to the controller device and/or the video server system  552 . 
     In some implementations, a camera  118  of a video source  522  captures video at a first resolution (e.g., 720P and/or 1080P) and/or a first frame rate (24 frames per second), and sends the captured video to the video server system  552  at both the first resolution (e.g., the original capture resolution(s), the high-quality resolution(s)) and the first frame rate, and a second, different resolution (e.g., 180P) and/or a second frame rate (e.g., 5 frames per second or 10 frames per second). For example, the camera  118  captures a video  523 - 1  at 720P and/or 1080P resolution (the camera  118  may capture a video at 1080P and create a downscaled 720P version, or capture at both 720P and 1080P). The video source  522  creates a second (or third), rescaled (and optionally at a different frame rate than the version  523 - 1 ) version  525 - 1  of the captured video at 180P resolution, and transmits both the original captured version  523 - 1  (i.e., 1080P and/or 720P) and the rescaled version  525 - 1  (i.e., the 180P version) to the video server system  552  for storage. In some implementations, the rescaled version has a lower resolution, and optionally a lower frame rate, than the original captured video. The video server system  552  transmits the original captured version or the rescaled version to a client  504 , depending on the context. For example, the video server system  552  transmits the rescaled version when transmitting multiple videos to the same client device  504  for concurrent monitoring by the user, and transmits the original captured version in other contexts. In some implementations, the video server system  552  downscales the original captured version to a lower resolution, and transmits the downscaled version. 
     In some implementations, a camera  118  of a video source  522  captures video at a first resolution (e.g., 720P and/or 1080P)) and/or a first frame rate, and sends the captured video to the video server system  552  at the first resolution (e.g., the original capture resolution(s), the high-quality resolution(s) such as 1080P and/or 720P) and the first fame rate for storage. When the video server system  552  transmits the video to a client device, the video server system  552  may downscale the video to a second, lower resolution (e.g., 180P) and/or second, lower frame rate for the transmission, depending on the context. For example, the video server system  552  transmits the downscaled version when transmitting multiple videos to the same client device  504  for concurrent monitoring by the user, and transmits the original captured version in other contexts. 
     As shown in Figure SB, in accordance with some implementations, each of the client devices  504  includes a client-side module  502 . The client-side module  502  communicates with the video server system  552  through the one or more networks  162 . In some implementations, the video server system  552  includes a video server  552 , a client interface server  556 , and a camera interface server  558 . In some implementations, the video server  552  includes the server-side module  506  and its components and modules (Figure SA) or one or more respective components and/or modules of the server-side module  506 . The client-side module  502  provides client-side functionalities for the event monitoring and review processing and communications with the video server system  552 . The video server system  552  provides server-side functionalities for event monitoring and review processing for any number of client-side modules  502  each residing on a respective client device  504 . The video server system  556  also provides server-side functionalities for video processing and camera control for any number of the video sources  522 , including any number of control devices and the cameras  118 . 
     In some implementations, the video server  554  includes one or more processors  512 , a video storage database  514 , and device and account databases  516 . In some implementations, the video server system  552  also includes a client interface server  556  and a camera interface server  558 . The client interface server  556  provides an I/O interface to one or more client devices  504 , and the camera interface server  558  provides an I/O interface to one or more video sources  520 . The client interface server  556  facilitates the client-facing input and output processing for the video server system  552 . For example, the client interface server  556  generates web pages for reviewing and monitoring video captured by the video sources  522  in a web browser application at a client  504 . In some implementations, the client interface server  556  or a transcoding proxy computer rescales (e.g., downscales) and/or changes the frame rate of video for transmission to a client  504 . In some implementations, the client interface server  504  also serves as the transcoding proxy. The databases  516  store a plurality of profiles for reviewer accounts registered with the video processing server, where a respective user profile includes account credentials for a respective reviewer account, and one or more video sources linked to the respective reviewer account. The camera interface server  558  facilitates communications with one or more video sources  522  (e.g., groups of one or more cameras  118  and associated controller devices). The video storage database  514  stores raw video data received from the video sources  522 , as well as various types of metadata, such as motion events, event categories, event category models, event filters, event masks, alert events, and camera histories, for use in data processing for event monitoring and review for each reviewer account. 
     In some implementations, the video server system  552  receives information regarding alert events detected by other smart devices  204  (e.g., hazards, sound, vibration, motion. In accordance with the alert event information, the video server system  552  instructs one or more video sources  522  in the smart home environment  100  where the alert event is detected to capture video and/or associate with the alert event video, received from the video sources  522  in the same smart home environment  100 , that is contemporaneous or proximate in time with the alert event. 
     Examples of a representative client device  504  include, but are not limited to, a handheld computer, a wearable computing device, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a cellular telephone, a smart phone, an enhanced general packet radio service (EGPRS) mobile phone, a media player, a navigation device, a game console, a television, a remote control, a point-of-sale (POS) terminal, vehicle-mounted computer, an ebook reader, or a combination of any two or more of these data processing devices or other data processing devices. For example, client devices  504 - 1 ,  504 - 2 , and  504 - m  are a smart phone, a tablet computer, and a laptop computer, respectively. 
     Examples of the one or more networks  162  include local area networks (LAN) and wide area networks (WAN) such as the Internet. The one or more networks  162  are, optionally, implemented using any known network protocol, including various wired or wireless protocols, such as Ethernet, Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, Long Term Evolution (LTE), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, or any other suitable communication protocol. 
     In some implementations, the video server system  552  is implemented on one or more standalone data processing apparatuses or a distributed network of computers. In some implementations, the video server  554 , the client interface server  556 , and the camera interface server  558  are each respectively implemented on one or more standalone data processing apparatuses or a distributed network of computers. In some implementations, the video server system  552  also employs various virtual devices and/or services of third party service providers (e.g., third-party cloud service providers) to provide the underlying computing resources and/or infrastructure resources of the video server system  552 . In some implementations, the video server system  552  includes, but is not limited to, a handheld computer, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, or a combination of any two or more of these data processing devices or other data processing devices. 
     The server-client environment  550  shown in Figure SB includes both a client-side portion (e.g., the client-side module  502 ) and a server-side portion (e.g., the components and modules in the video server system  552 ). The division of functionalities between the client and server portions of operating environment  550  can vary in different implementations. Similarly, the division of functionalities between the video source  522  and the video server system  552  can vary in different implementations. For example, in some implementations, client-side module  502  is a thin-client that provides only user-facing input and output processing functions, and delegates all other data processing functionalities to a backend server (e.g., the video server system  552 ). Similarly, in some implementations, a respective one of the video sources  522  is a simple video capturing device that continuously captures and streams video data to the video server system  552  with no or limited local preliminary processing on the video data. Although many aspects of the present technology are described from the perspective of the video server system  552 , the corresponding actions performed by the client device  504  and/or the video sources  522  would be apparent to ones skilled in the art without any creative efforts. Similarly, some aspects of the present technology may be described from the perspective of the client device or the video source, and the corresponding actions performed by the video server would be apparent to ones skilled in the art without any creative efforts. Furthermore, some aspects of the present technology may be performed by the video server system  552 , the client device  504 , and the video sources  522  cooperatively. 
     It should be understood that operating environment  550  that involves the video server system  552 , the video sources  522  and the video cameras  118  is merely an example. Many aspects of operating environment  550  are generally applicable in other operating environments in which a server system provides data processing for monitoring and facilitating review of data captured by other types of electronic devices (e.g., smart thermostats  102 , smart hazard detectors  104 , smart doorbells  106 , smart wall plugs  110 , appliances  112  and the like). 
     The electronic devices, the client devices or the server system communicate with each other using the one or more communication networks  162 . In an example smart home environment, two or more devices (e.g., the network interface device  160 , the hub device  180 , and the client devices  504 - m ) are located in close proximity to each other, such that they could be communicatively coupled in the same sub-network  162 A via wired connections, a WLAN or a Bluetooth Personal Area Network (PAN). The Bluetooth PAN is optionally established based on classical Bluetooth technology or Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology. This smart home environment further includes one or more other radio communication networks  162 B through which at least some of the electronic devices of the video sources  522 - n  exchange data with the hub device  180 . Alternatively, in some situations, some of the electronic devices of the video sources  522 - n  communicate with the network interface device  160  directly via the same sub-network  162 A that couples devices  160 ,  180  and  504 - m . In some implementations (e.g., in the network  1   62 C), both the client device  504 - m  and the electronic devices of the video sources  522 - n  communicate directly via the network(s)  162  without passing the network interface device  160  or the hub device  180 . 
     In some implementations, during normal operation, the network interface device  160  and the hub device  180  communicate with each other to form a network gateway through which data are exchanged with the electronic device of the video sources  522 - n . As explained above, the network interface device  160  and the hub device  180  optionally communicate with each other via a sub-network  162 A. 
     In some implementations, a video source  522  may be private (e.g., its captured videos and history are accessible only to the associated user/account), public (e.g., its captured videos and history are accessible by anyone), or shared (e.g., its captured videos and history are accessible only to the associated user/account and other specific users/accounts with whom the associated user has authorized access (e.g., by sharing with the other specific users)). Whether a video source  522  is private, public, or shared is configurable by the associated user. 
     In some implementations, the camera  118  also performs preliminary motion detection on video captured by the camera  118 . For example, the camera  118  analyzes the captured video for significant changes in pixels. When motion is detected by the preliminary motion detection, the camera  118  transmits information to the hub device server system  508  or video server system  552  informing the server system of the preliminary detected motion. The hub device server system  508  or video server system  552 , in accordance with the information of the detected motion, may activate sending of a motion detection notification to a client device  504 , log the preliminary detected motion as an alert event, and/or perform additional analysis of the captured video to confirm and/or classify the preliminary detected motion. 
       FIG. 6  is a block diagram illustrating a representative hub device  180  in accordance with some implementations. In some implementations, the hub device  180  includes one or more processing units (e.g., CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, microprocessors, and the like)  602 , one or more communication interfaces  604 , memory  606 , radios  640 , and one or more communication buses  608  for interconnecting these components (sometimes called a chipset). In some implementations, the hub device  180  includes one or more input devices  610  such as one or more buttons for receiving input. In some implementations, the hub device  180  includes one or more output devices  612  such as one or more indicator lights, a sound card, a speaker, a small display for displaying textual information and error codes, etc. Furthermore, in some implementations, the hub device  180  uses a microphone and voice recognition or a camera and gesture recognition to supplement or replace the keyboard. In some implementations, the hub device  180  includes a location detection device  614 , such as a GPS (global positioning satellite) or other geo-location receiver, for determining the location of the hub device  180 . 
     The hub device  180  optionally includes one or more built-in sensors (not shown), including, for example, one or more thermal radiation sensors, ambient temperature sensors, humidity sensors, IR sensors, occupancy sensors (e.g., using RFID sensors), ambient light sensors, motion detectors, accelerometers, and/or gyroscopes. 
     The radios  640  enables one or more radio communication networks in the smart home environments, and allows a hub device to communicate with smart devices. In some implementations, the radios  640  are capable of data communications using any of a variety of custom or standard wireless protocols (e.g., IEEE 802.15.4, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, Thread, Z-Wave, Bluetooth Smart, ISAl00.lla, WirelessHART, MiWi, etc.) custom or standard wired protocols (e.g., Ethernet, HomePlug, etc.), and/or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Communication interfaces  604  include, for example, hardware capable of data communications using any of a variety of custom or standard wireless protocols (e.g., IEEE 802.15.4, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, Thread, Z-Wave, Bluetooth Smart, ISAl00.lla, WirelessHART, MiWi, etc.) and/or any of a variety of custom or standard wired protocols (e.g., Ethernet, HomePlug, etc.), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Memory  606  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices; and, optionally, includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, one or more optical disk storage devices, one or more flash memory devices, or one or more other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  606 , or alternatively the non-volatile memory within memory  606 , includes a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. In some implementations, memory  606 , or the non-transitory computer readable storage medium of memory  606 , stores the following programs, modules, and data structures, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Operating logic  616  including procedures for handling various basic system services and for performing hardware dependent tasks;   Hub device communication module  618  for connecting to and communicating with other network devices (e.g., network interface  160 , such as a router that provides Internet connectivity, networked storage devices, network routing devices, server system  508 , etc.) connected to one or more networks  162  via one or more communication interfaces  604  (wired or wireless);   Radio Communication Module  620  for connecting the hub device  180  to other devices (e.g., controller devices, smart devices  204  in smart home environment  100 , client devices  504 ) via one or more radio communication devices (e.g., radios  640 );   User interface module  622  for providing and displaying a user interface in which settings, captured data, and/or other data for one or more devices (e.g., smart devices  204  in smart home environment  100 ) can be configured and/or viewed; and   Hub device database  624 , including but not limited to:
           Sensor information  6240  for storing and managing data received, detected, and/or transmitted by one or more sensors of the hub device  180  and/or one or more other devices (e.g., smart devices  204  in smart home environment  100 );   Device settings  6242  for storing operational settings for one or more devices (e.g., coupled smart devices  204  in smart home environment  100 ); and   Communication protocol information  6244  for storing and managing protocol information for one or more protocols (e.g., standard wireless protocols, such as ZigBee, Z-Wave, etc., and/or custom or standard wired protocols, such as Ethernet).   
               

     Each of the above identified elements (e.g., modules stored in memory  206  of hub device  180 ) may be stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices (e.g., the memory of any of the smart devices in smart home environment  100 ,  FIG. 1 ), and corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various implementations. In some implementations, memory  606 , optionally, stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  606 , optionally, stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
       FIG. 7A  is a block diagram illustrating the hub device server system  508  in accordance with some implementations. The hub device server system  508 , typically, includes one or more processing units (CPUs)  702 , one or more network interfaces  704  (e.g., including an I/O interface to one or more client devices and an I/O interface to one or more electronic devices), memory  706 , and one or more communication buses  708  for interconnecting these components (sometimes called a chipset). Memory  706  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices; and, optionally, includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, one or more optical disk storage devices, one or more flash memory devices, or one or more other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  706 , optionally, includes one or more storage devices remotely located from one or more processing units  702 . Memory  706 , or alternatively the non-volatile memory within memory  706 , includes a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. In some implementations, memory  706 , or the non-transitory computer readable storage medium of memory  706 , stores the following programs, modules, and data structures, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Operating system  710  including procedures for handling various basic system services and for performing hardware dependent tasks;   Network communication module  712  for connecting the hub device server system  508  to other systems and devices (e.g., client devices, electronic devices, and systems connected to one or more networks  162 , Figures I-SB) via one or more network interfaces  704  (wired or wireless);   Server-side module  714 , which provides server-side functionalities for device control, data processing and data review, including but not limited to:
           Data receiving module  7140  for receiving data from electronic devices (e.g., video data from a camera  118 , Figure I) via the hub device  180 , and preparing the received data for further processing and storage in the data storage database  7160 ;   Hub and device control module  7142  for generating and sending server-initiated control commands to modify operation modes of electronic devices (e.g., devices of a smart home environment I  00 ), and/or receiving (e.g., from client devices  504 ) and forwarding user-initiated control commands to modify operation modes of the electronic devices;   Data processing module  7144  for processing the data provided by the electronic devices, and/or preparing and sending processed data to a device for review (e.g., client devices  504  for review by a user); and   
           Server database  716 , including but not limited to:
           Data storage database  7160  for storing data associated with each electronic device (e.g., each camera) of each user account, as well as data processing models, processed data results, and other relevant metadata (e.g., names of data results, location of electronic device, creation time, duration, settings of the electronic device, etc.) associated with the data, wherein (optionally) all or a portion of the data and/or processing associated with the hub device  180  or smart devices are stored securely;   Account database  7162  for storing account information for user accounts, including user account information, information and settings for linked hub devices and electronic devices (e.g., hub device identifications), hub device specific secrets, relevant user and hardware characteristics (e.g., service tier, device model, storage capacity, processing capabilities, etc.), user interface settings, data review preferences, etc., where the information for associated electronic devices includes, but is not limited to, one or more device identifiers (e.g., MAC address and UUID), device specific secrets, and displayed titles; and   Device Information Database  7164  for storing device information related to one or more hub devices, e.g., device identifiers and hub device specific secrets, independently of whether the corresponding hub devices have been associated with any user account.   
               

     Each of the above identified elements may be stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices, and corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various implementations. In some implementations, memory  706 , optionally, stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  706 , optionally, stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
       FIGS. 7B-7C  are block diagrams illustrating the video server  554  in accordance with some implementations. The video server  554 , typically, includes one or more processing units (CPUs)  718 , one or more network interfaces  720 , memory  722 , and one or more communication buses  724  for interconnecting these components (sometimes called a chipset). Memory  722  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices; and, optionally, includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, one or more optical disk storage devices, one or more flash memory devices, or one or more other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  722 , optionally, includes one or more storage devices remotely located from one or more processing units  718 . Memory  722 , or alternatively the non-volatile memory within memory  722 , includes a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. In some implementations, memory  722 , or the non-transitory computer readable storage medium of memory  722 , stores the following programs, modules, and data structures, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Operating system  726  including procedures for handling various basic system services and for performing hardware dependent tasks;   Network communication module  728  for connecting the video server  554  to other systems and devices (e.g., client devices, electronic devices, and systems connected to one or more networks  162 , Figures I-SB) via one or more network interfaces  720  (wired or wireless);   Video server module  730 , which provides server-side data processing and functionalities for video and event monitoring and review, including but not limited to:
           Account administration module  7300  for creating reviewer accounts, performing camera registration processing to establish associations between video sources to their respective reviewer accounts, and providing account login-services to the client devices  504 ;   Video data receiving module  7302  for receiving raw video data from the video sources  522 , and preparing the received video data for event processing and long-term storage in the video storage database  514 ;   Camera control module  7304  for generating and sending server-initiated control commands to modify the operation modes of the video sources, and/or receiving and forwarding user-initiated control commands to modify the operation modes of the video sources  522 ;   Event detection module  7306  for detecting motion event candidates in video streams from each of the video sources  522 , including motion track identification, false positive suppression, and event mask generation and caching;   Event categorization module  7308  for categorizing motion events detected in received video streams;   Zone creation module  73010  for generating zones of interest in accordance with user input;   Person identification module  73012  for identifying characteristics associated with presence of humans in the received video streams;   Filter application module  73014  for selecting event filters (e.g., event categories, zones of interest, a human filter, etc.) and applying the selected event filter to past and new motion events detected in the video streams;   Zone monitoring module  73016  for monitoring motions within selected zones of interest and generating notifications for new motion events detected within the selected zones of interest, where the zone monitoring takes into account changes in surrounding context of the zones and is not confined within the selected zones of interest;   Real-time motion event presentation module  73018  for dynamically changing characteristics of event indicators displayed in user interfaces as new event filters, such as new event categories or new zones of interest, are created, and for providing real-time notifications as new motion events are detected in the video streams; and   Event post-processing module  3020  for providing summary time-lapse for past motion events detected in video streams, and providing event and category editing functions to user for revising past event categorization results;   Alert events module  73022  for receiving information on alert events (e.g., detected hazards, detected sounds, etc.), instructing cameras  118  to capture video in accordance with alert event information, and determining chronologies of alert events;   Camera events module  73024  for associating captured video with alert events, from the same smart home environment  100 , that are proximate or contemporaneous in time, and logging camera histories of camera events;   Frame extraction module  73026  for extracting frames from raw video data from the video sources  522 ;   Encoding module  73028  for encoding extracted-frames video using frames extracted by the frame extraction module  73026 ; and   Thumbnails module  73030  for selecting frames for and generating thumbnails for respective portions of video corresponding to events or alerts; and   
           Server database  732 , including but not limited to:
           Video storage database  7320  storing raw video data associated with each of the video sources  522  (each including one or more cameras  118 ) of each reviewer account, as well as event categorization models (e.g., event clusters, categorization criteria, etc.), event categorization results (e.g., recognized event categories, and assignment of past motion events to the recognized event categories, representative events for each recognized event category, etc.), event masks for past motion events, video segments for each past motion event, preview video (e.g., sprites) of past motion events, and other relevant metadata (e.g., names of event categories, location of the cameras  118 , creation time, duration, etc.) associated with the motion events;   Account database  7324  for storing account information for user accounts, including user account information, information and settings for linked hub devices and electronic devices (e.g., hub device identifications), hub device specific secrets, relevant user and hardware characteristics (e.g., service tier, device model, storage capacity, processing capabilities, etc.), user interface settings, data review preferences, etc., where the information for associated electronic devices includes, but is not limited to, one or more device identifiers (e.g., MAC address and UUID), device specific secrets, and displayed titles;   Device Information Database  7326  for storing device information related to one or more hub devices, e.g., device identifiers and hub device specific secrets, independently of whether the corresponding hub devices have been associated with any user account;   Camera events history  7328  for storing per-camera histories of camera events, including alert events, chronologies of alert events, and references to associated videos in the video storage database  7320 ;   Extracted frames and extracted-frames videos database  7330  for storing frames extracted from videos received from cameras  118  (e.g., extracted from high quality videos  7321 ) and for storing extracted-frames video generated by encoding module  73028  by encoding (e.g., in H.264 encoding format) series of extracted frames; and   Event thumbnails  7332  for storing thumbnails representative of portions of videos corresponding to events or alerts.   
               

     Video data stored in the video storage database  7320  includes high-quality versions  7321  and low-quality versions  7322  of videos associated with each of the video sources  522 . High-quality video  7321  includes video in relatively high resolutions (e.g., 720P and/or 1080P) and relatively high frame rates (e.g., 24 frames per second). Low-quality video  7322  includes video in relatively low resolutions (e.g., 180P) and relatively low frame rates (e.g., 5 frames per second, 10 frames per second). 
     Each of the above identified elements may be stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices, and corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various implementations. In some implementations, memory  722 , optionally, stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  722 , optionally, stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
       FIG. 7D  is a block diagram illustrating the client interface server  556  in accordance with some implementations. The client interface server  556 , typically, includes one or more processing units (CPUs)  734 , one or more network interfaces  736 , memory  738 , and one or more communication buses  740  for interconnecting these components (sometimes called a chipset). Memory  738  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices; and, optionally, includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, one or more optical disk storage devices, one or more flash memory devices, or one or more other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  738 , optionally, includes one or more storage devices remotely located from one or more processing units  734 . Memory  738 , or alternatively the non-volatile memory within memory  738 , includes a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. In some implementations, memory  738 , or the non-transitory computer readable storage medium of memory  738 , stores the following programs, modules, and data structures, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Operating system  742  including procedures for handling various basic system services and for performing hardware dependent tasks;   Network communication module  744  for connecting the client interface server  556  to other systems and devices (e.g., client devices, video server  554 , and systems connected to one or more networks  162 , Figures I-SB) via one or more network interfaces  740  (wired or wireless);   Client interface module  746 , which provides an I/O interface between client devices  504  and the video server  554 , including but not limited to:
           Video feed module  7462  for transmitting videos from the video server system, or images extracted from same videos, to client devices as video streams or periodically refreshed images, and optionally transmitting particular views of videos or images from videos;   Transcode module  7464  for rescaling (e.g., downscaling from 720P to 180P) video for transmission to client devices  504 ;   Client input module  7466  for receiving and processing input commands from client devices (e.g., client device  504 )  504  to change the video view being transmitted or controlling a video source  522 ;   Camera view module  7468  for determining which views of videos or images from videos are to be transmitted to client devices; and   User interface module  74610  for generating user interfaces (e.g., web pages), transmitted to client devices  504 , for viewing video feeds and corresponding event histories.   
               

     Each of the above identified elements may be stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices, and corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various implementations. In some implementations, memory  738 , optionally, stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  738 , optionally, stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
       FIG. 7E  is a block diagram illustrating the camera interface server  558  in accordance with some implementations. The camera interface server  558 , typically, includes one or more processing units (CPUs)  748 , one or more network interfaces  750 , memory  752 , and one or more communication buses  754  for interconnecting these components (sometimes called a chipset). Memory  752  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices; and, optionally, includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, one or more optical disk storage devices, one or more flash memory devices, or one or more other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  752 , optionally, includes one or more storage devices remotely located from one or more processing units  748 . Memory  752 , or alternatively the non-volatile memory within memory  752 , includes a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. In some implementations, memory  752 , or the non-transitory computer readable storage medium of memory  752 , stores the following programs, modules, and data structures, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Operating system  756  including procedures for handling various basic system services and for performing hardware dependent tasks;   Network communication module  758  for connecting the camera interface server  558  to other systems and devices (e.g., client devices, video server  554 , and systems connected to one or more networks  162 , Figures I-SB) via one or more network interfaces  754  (wired or wireless); and   Camera interface module  760  for providing an I/O interface between video sources  522  and the video server  554 .       

     Each of the above identified elements may be stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices, and corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various implementations. In some implementations, memory  752 , optionally, stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  752 , optionally, stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some implementations, at least some of the functions of the video server  554 , client interface server  556 , and camera interface server  558  are performed by the hub device server system  508 , and the corresponding modules and sub-modules of these functions may be included in the hub device server system  508 . In some implementations, at least some of the functions of the hub device server system  508  are performed by the video server  554 , client interface server  556 , and/or camera interface server  558 , and the corresponding modules and sub-modules of these functions may be included in the video server  554 , client interface server  556 , and/or camera interface server  558 . 
       FIGS. 8A-8B  are block diagrams illustrating a representative client device  504  associated with a user (e.g., reviewer) account in accordance with some implementations. The client device  504 , typically, includes one or more processing units (CPUs)  802 , one or more network interfaces  804 , memory  806 , and one or more communication buses  808  for interconnecting these components (sometimes called a chipset). The client device also includes a user interface  810  and one or more built-in sensors  890  (e.g., accelerometer  892  and gyroscope  894 ). User interface  810  includes one or more output devices  812  that enable presentation of media content, including one or more speakers and/or one or more visual displays. User interface  810  also includes one or more input devices  814 , including user interface components that facilitate user input such as a keyboard, a mouse, a voice-command input unit or microphone, a touch screen display, a touch-sensitive input pad, a gesture capturing camera, or other input buttons or controls. Furthermore, the client device  504  optionally uses a microphone and voice recognition or a camera and gesture recognition to supplement or replace the keyboard. Further, the client device  504  optionally uses the accelerometer to detect changes in the orientation of the client device  504 , and in particular applications and contexts interpret the change in orientation detected by the accelerometer as user input. In some implementations, the client device  504  includes one or more cameras, scanners, or photo sensor units for capturing images (not shown). In some implementations, the client device  504  optionally includes a location detection device  816 , such as a GPS (global positioning satellite) or other geo-location receiver, for determining the location of the client device  504 . 
     Memory  806  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices; and, optionally, includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, one or more optical disk storage devices, one or more flash memory devices, or one or more other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  806 , optionally, includes one or more storage devices remotely located from one or more processing units  802 . Memory  806 , or alternatively the non-volatile memory within memory  806 , includes a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. In some implementations, memory  806 , or the non-transitory computer readable storage medium of memory  806 , stores the following programs, modules, and data structures, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Operating system  818  including procedures for handling various basic system services and for performing hardware dependent tasks;   Network communication module  820  for connecting the client device  504  to other systems and devices (e.g., hub device server system  508 , video server system  552 , video sources  522 ) connected to one or more networks  162  via one or more network interfaces  804  (wired or wireless);   Presentation module  821  for enabling presentation of information (e.g., user interfaces for application(s)  824  and web browser module  823  or the client-side module  502 , widgets, websites and web pages thereof, and/or games, audio and/or video content, text, etc.) at the client device  504  via the one or more output devices  812  (e.g., displays, speakers, etc.) associated with the user interface  810 ;   Input processing module  822  for detecting one or more user inputs or interactions from one of the one or more input devices  814  and optionally the accelerometer  892  and interpreting the detected input or interaction;   Web browser module  823  for navigating, requesting (e.g., via HTTP), and displaying websites and web pages thereof, including a web interface for logging into a reviewer account, controlling the video sources associated with the reviewer account, establishing and selecting event filters, and editing and reviewing motion events detected in the video streams of the video sources;   One or more applications  824  for execution by the client device  504  (e.g., games, social network applications, smart home applications, and/or other web or non-web based applications), for controlling devices (e.g., sending commands, configuring settings, etc. to hub devices and/or other client or electronic devices), and for reviewing data captured by the devices (e.g., device status and settings, captured data, or other information regarding the hub device or other connected devices);   User interface module  826  for providing and displaying a user interface in which settings, captured data, and/or other data for one or more devices (e.g., smart devices  204  in smart home environment  100 ) can be configured and/or viewed;   Client-side module  502 , which provides client-side data processing and functionalities for device control, data processing, data review, and monitoring and reviewing videos from one or more video sources and camera events, including but not limited to:
           Hub device and device control module  8280  for generating control commands for modifying an operating mode of the hub device or the electronic devices in accordance with user inputs; and   Data review module  8282  for providing user interfaces for reviewing data processed by the hub device server system  508  or video server system  552 ;   Account registration module  8284  for establishing a reviewer account and registering one or more video sources with the hub device server system  508  or video server system  552 ;   Camera setup module  8286  for setting up one or more video sources within a local area network, and enabling the one or more video sources to access the hub device server system  508  or video server system  552  on the Internet through the local area network;   Camera control module  8288  for generating control commands for modifying an operating mode of the one or more video sources in accordance with user input;   Event review interface module  82810  for providing user interfaces for reviewing event timelines, camera histories with camera events, editing event categorization results, selecting event filters, presenting real-time filtered motion events based on existing and newly created event filters (e.g., event categories, zones of interest, a human filter, etc.), presenting real-time notifications (e.g., pop-ups) for newly detected motion events, and presenting smart time-lapse of selected motion events;   Zone creation module  82814  for providing a user interface for creating zones of interest for each video stream in accordance with user input, and sending the definitions of the zones of interest to the hub device server system  508  or video server system  552 ;   Notification module  82814  for generating real-time notifications for all or selected alert events or motion events on the client device  504  outside of the event review user interface;   Camera view module  82816  for generating control commands for modifying a view of a video transmitted to the client device  504  in accordance with user input;   Timeline module  82818  for presenting information corresponding to video transmitted to the client device  504  in a timeline format, facilitating user manipulation of the information displayed in timeline format, and facilitating manipulation of display of the video in accordance with user manipulation of the information, including requesting additional video from the hub device server system  508  or video server system  552  in accordance with the user manipulation; and   Decoding module  82820  for decoding extracted-frames video;   
           Client data  830  storing data associated with the user account, electronic devices, and video sources  522 , including, but is not limited to:
           Account data  8300  storing information related to both user accounts loaded on the client device  504  and electronic devices (e.g., of the video sources  522 ) associated with the user accounts, wherein such information includes cached login credentials, hub device identifiers (e.g., MAC addresses and UUIDs), electronic device identifiers (e.g., MAC addresses and UUIDs), user interface settings, display preferences, authentication tokens and tags, password keys, etc.;   Local data storage database  8302  for selectively storing raw or processed data associated with electronic devices (e.g., of the video sources  522 , such as a camera  118 ); and   Video data cache  8304  for caching video and image data from video feeds;   
           Blurred image data  832 ;   Blurring algorithms and parameters  834 , for generating blurred image data  832  from video/image data in video data cache  8304 ;   Cached extracted-frames videos  836  for storing or caching extracted-frames videos received from the video server  554 ; and   Cached event thumbnails  838  for storing or caching event thumbnails received from the video server  554 .       

     Video data cache  8304  includes cached video/image data for respective cameras associated with a user of the client device  804 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 8B , the video data cache  8304  includes cached video/image data  8304 - 1  for a first camera, cached video/image data  8304 - 2  for a second camera, up to cached video/image data  8304 - p  for a p-th camera. At a given moment, video data cache  8304  may not have cached video/image data for a given camera (e.g., due to the camera being newly associated with the user, due to the cache being cleared, due to the cached video/image data being expired and removed from the cache). 
     Blurred image data  832  includes sets of progressively blurred images for respective cameras. For example, as shown in  FIG. 8B , the blurred image data  832  includes blurred image data (e.g., a set of progressively blurred images)  832 - 1  for the first camera, blurred image data  832 - 2  for the second camera, up to blurred image data  832 - p  for the p-th camera. 
     In some implementations, the client device  504  caches camera history as well as video data  8304 . For example, whenever the client device  504  receives camera events history  7328  data from the video server  554 , the most recent camera events history (e.g., history from the past two hours, the most recent 20 events) is cached at the client device (e.g., in client data  830 ). This cached history data may be accessed for quick display of camera history information. 
     In some implementations, the client-side module  502  and user interface module  826  are parts, modules, or components of a particular application  824  (e.g., a smart home management application). 
     Each of the above identified elements may be stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices, and corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, modules or data structures, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various implementations. In some implementations, memory  806 , optionally, stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  806 , optionally, stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     In some implementations, at least some of the functions of the hub device server system  508  or the video server system  552  are performed by the client device  504 , and the corresponding sub-modules of these functions may be located within the client device  504  rather than the hub device server system  508  or video server system  552 . In some implementations, at least some of the functions of the client device  504  are performed by the hub device server system  508  or video server system  552 , and the corresponding sub-modules of these functions may be located within the hub device server system  508  or video server system  552  rather than the client device  504 . The client device  504  and the hub device server system  508  or video server system  552  shown in  FIGS. 7A-8 , respectively, are merely illustrative, and different configurations of the modules for implementing the functions described herein are possible in various implementations. 
       FIG. 9A  is a block diagram illustrating a representative smart device  204  in accordance with some implementations. In some implementations, the smart device  204  (e.g., any devices of a smart home environment  100 ,  FIGS. 1 and 2 ) includes one or more processing units (e.g., CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, microprocessors, and the like)  902 , one or more communication interfaces  904 , memory  906 , radios  940 , and one or more communication buses  908  for interconnecting these components (sometimes called a chipset). In some implementations, user interface  910  includes one or more output devices  912  that enable presentation of media content, including one or more speakers and/or one or more visual displays. In some implementations, user interface  910  also includes one or more input devices  914 , including user interface components that facilitate user input such as a keyboard, a mouse, a voice-command input unit or microphone, a touch screen display, a touch-sensitive input pad, a gesture capturing camera, or other input buttons or controls. Furthermore, some smart devices  204  use a microphone and voice recognition or a camera and gesture recognition to supplement or replace the keyboard. In some implementations, the smart device  204  includes one or more image/video capture devices  918  (e.g., cameras, video cameras, scanners, photo sensor units). Optionally, the client device includes a location detection device  916 , such as a GPS (global positioning satellite) or other geo-location receiver, for determining the location of the smart device  204 . 
     The built-in sensors  990  include, for example, one or more thermal radiation sensors, ambient temperature sensors, humidity sensors, IR sensors, occupancy sensors (e.g., using RFID sensors), ambient light sensors, motion detectors, accelerometers, and/or gyroscopes. 
     The radios  940  enable one or more radio communication networks in the smart home environments, and allow a smart device  204  to communicate with other devices. In some implementations, the radios  940  are capable of data communications using any of a variety of custom or standard wireless protocols (e.g., IEEE 802.15.4, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, Thread, Z-Wave, Bluetooth Smart, ISAl00.lla, WirelessHART, MiWi, etc.) custom or standard wired protocols (e.g., Ethernet, HomePlug, etc.), and/or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Communication interfaces  904  include, for example, hardware capable of data communications using any of a variety of custom or standard wireless protocols (e.g., IEEE 802.15.4, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, Thread, Z-Wave, Bluetooth Smart, ISAl00.lla, WirelessHART, MiWi, etc.) and/or any of a variety of custom or standard wired protocols (e.g., Ethernet, HomePlug, etc.), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Memory  906  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices; and, optionally, includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, one or more optical disk storage devices, one or more flash memory devices, or one or more other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  906 , or alternatively the non-volatile memory within memory  906 , includes a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. In some implementations, memory  906 , or the non-transitory computer readable storage medium of memory  906 , stores the following programs, modules, and data structures, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Operating logic  920  including procedures for handling various basic system services and for performing hardware dependent tasks;   Device communication module  922  for connecting to and communicating with other network devices (e.g., network interface  160 , such as a router that provides Internet connectivity, networked storage devices, network routing devices, server system  508 , etc.) connected to one or more networks  162  via one or more communication interfaces  904  (wired or wireless);   Radio Communication Module  924  for connecting the smart device  204  to other devices (e.g., controller devices, smart devices  204  in smart home environment  100 , client devices  504 ) via one or more radio communication devices (e.g., radios  940 )   Input processing module  926  for detecting one or more user inputs or interactions from the one or more input devices  914  and interpreting the detected inputs or interactions;   User interface module  928  for providing and displaying a user interface in which settings, captured data, and/or other data for one or more devices (e.g., the smart device  204 , and/or other devices in smart home environment  100 ) can be configured and/or viewed;   One or more applications  930  for execution by the smart device  930  (e.g., games, social network applications, smart home applications, and/or other web or non-web based applications) for controlling devices (e.g., executing commands, sending commands, and/or configuring settings of the smart device  204  and/or other client/electronic devices), and for reviewing data captured by devices (e.g., device status and settings, captured data, or other information regarding the smart device  204  and/or other client/electronic devices);   Device-side module  932 , which provides device-side functionalities for device control, data processing and data review, including but not limited to:
           Command receiving module  9320  for receiving, forwarding, and/or executing instructions and control commands (e.g., from a client device  504 , from a smart home provider server system  164 , from user inputs detected on the user interface  910 , etc.) for operating the smart device  204 ;   Data processing module  9322  for processing data captured or received by one or more inputs (e.g., input devices  914 , image/video capture devices  918 , location detection device  916 ), sensors (e.g., built-in sensors  990 ), interfaces (e.g., communication interfaces  904 , radios  940 ), and/or other components of the smart device  204 , and for preparing and sending processed data to a device for review (e.g., client devices  504  for review by a user); and   
           Device data  934  storing data associated with devices (e.g., the smart device  204 ), including, but is not limited to:
           Account data  9340  storing information related to user accounts loaded on the smart device  204 , wherein such information includes cached login credentials, smart device identifiers (e.g., MAC addresses and UUIDs), user interface settings, display preferences, authentication tokens and tags, password keys, etc.; and   Local data storage database  9342  for selectively storing raw or processed data associated with the smart device  204  (e.g., video surveillance footage captured by a camera  118 ).   
               

     Each of the above identified elements may be stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices, and corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various implementations. In some implementations, memory  906 , optionally, stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  906 , optionally, stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
       FIG. 9B  is a block diagram illustrating a representative camera  118  in accordance with some implementations. In some implementations, the camera  118  includes one or more processing units (e.g., CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, microprocessors, and the like)  942 , one or more communication interfaces  944 , memory  946 , and one or more communication buses  948  for interconnecting these components (sometimes called a chipset). In some implementations, the camera  118  includes one or more input devices  950  such as one or more buttons for receiving input and one or more microphones. In some implementations, the camera  118  includes one or more output devices  952  such as one or more indicator lights, a sound card, a speaker, a small display for displaying textual information and error codes, playing audio, etc. In some implementations, the camera  118  optionally includes a location detection device  954 , such as a GPS (global positioning satellite) or other geo-location receiver, for determining the location of the camera  118 . 
     Communication interfaces  944  include, for example, hardware capable of data communications using any of a variety of custom or standard wireless protocols (e.g., IEEE 802.15.4, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, Thread, Z-Wave, Bluetooth Smart, ISAl00.lla, WirelessHART, MiWi, etc.) and/or any of a variety of custom or standard wired protocols (e.g., Ethernet, HomePlug, etc.), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document. 
     Memory  946  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices; and, optionally, includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, one or more optical disk storage devices, one or more flash memory devices, or one or more other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  946 , or alternatively the non-volatile memory within memory  946 , includes a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. In some implementations, memory  946 , or the non-transitory computer readable storage medium of memory  946 , stores the following programs, modules, and data structures, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Operating system  956  including procedures for handling various basic system services and for performing hardware dependent tasks;   Network communication module  958  for connecting the camera  118  to other computing devices (e.g., hub device server system  508 , video server system  552 , the client device  504 , network routing devices, one or more controller devices, and networked storage devices) connected to the one or more networks  162  via the one or more communication interfaces  944  (wired or wireless);   Video control module  960  for modifying the operation mode (e.g., zoom level, resolution, frame rate, recording and playback volume, lighting adjustment, AE and IR modes, etc.) of the camera  118 , enabling/disabling the audio and/or video recording functions of the camera  118 , changing the pan and tilt angles of the camera  118 , resetting the camera  118 , and/or the like;   Video capturing module  964  for capturing and generating a video stream and sending the video stream to the hub device server system  508  or video server system  552  as a continuous feed or in short bursts, and optionally generating a rescaled version of the video stream and sending the video stream at the original captured resolution and the rescaled resolution;   Video caching module  966  for storing some or all captured video data locally at one or more local storage devices (e.g., memory, flash drives, internal hard disks, portable disks, etc.);   Local video processing module  968  for performing preliminary processing of the captured video data locally at the camera  118 , including for example, compressing and encrypting the captured video data for network transmission, preliminary motion event detection, preliminary false positive suppression for motion event detection, preliminary motion vector generation, etc.; and   Camera data  970  storing data, including but not limited to:
           Camera settings  972 , including network settings, camera operation settings, camera storage settings, etc.; and   Video data  974 , including video segments and motion vectors for detected motion event candidates to be sent to the hub device server system  508  or video server system  552 .   
               

     Each of the above identified elements may be stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices, and corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various implementations. In some implementations, memory  946 , optionally, stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  946 , optionally, stores additional modules and data structures not described above. Additionally, camera  118 , being an example of a smart device  204 , optionally includes components and modules included in smart device  204  as shown in  FIG. 9A  that are not shown in  FIG. 9B . 
       FIG. 10  is a block diagram illustrating the smart home provider server system  164  in accordance with some implementations. The smart home provider server system  164 , typically, includes one or more processing units (CPUs)  1002 , one or more network interfaces I  004  (e.g., including an I/O interface to one or more client devices and an I/O interface to one or more electronic devices), memory I  006 , and one or more communication buses  1008  for interconnecting these components (sometimes called a chipset). Memory  1006  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices; and, optionally, includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, one or more optical disk storage devices, one or more flash memory devices, or one or more other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  1006 , optionally, includes one or more storage devices remotely located from one or more processing units I  002 . Memory I  006 , or alternatively the non-volatile memory within memory I  006 , includes a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. In some implementations, memory I  006 , or the non-transitory computer readable storage medium of memory I  006 , stores the following programs, modules, and data structures, or a subset or superset thereof:
         Operating system  1010  including procedures for handling various basic system services and for performing hardware dependent tasks;   Network communication module  1012  for connecting the smart home provider server system  164  to other systems and devices (e.g., client devices, electronic devices, hub device server system  508 , video server system  552 , and systems connected to one or more networks  162 , Figures I-SB) via one or more network interfaces  1004  (wired or wireless);   Server-side module  1014 , which provides server-side functionalities for device control, data processing and data review, including but not limited to:
           Data receiving module  10140  for receiving data from electronic devices (e.g., video data from a camera  118 , Figure I), and preparing the received data for further processing and storage in the data storage database  10160 ;   Device control module  10142  for generating and sending server-initiated control commands to modify operation modes of electronic devices (e.g., devices of a smart home environment I  00 ), and/or receiving (e.g., from client devices  504 ) and forwarding user-initiated control commands to modify operation modes of the electronic devices;   Data processing module  10144  for processing the data provided by the electronic devices, and/or preparing and sending processed data to a device for review (e.g., client devices  504  for review by a user); and   
           Server database  1016 , including but not limited to:
           Data storage database  10160  for storing data associated with each electronic device (e.g., each camera) of each user account, as well as data processing models, processed data results, and other relevant metadata (e.g., names of data results, location of electronic device, creation time, duration, settings of the electronic device, etc.) associated with the data, wherein (optionally) all or a portion of the data and/or processing associated with the electronic devices are stored securely; and   Account database  10162  for storing account information for user accounts, including user account information, information and settings for linked hub devices and electronic devices (e.g., hub device identifications), hub device specific secrets, relevant user and hardware characteristics (e.g., service tier, device model, storage capacity, processing capabilities, etc.), user interface settings, data review preferences, etc., where the information for associated electronic devices includes, but is not limited to, one or more device identifiers (e.g., MAC address and UUID), device specific secrets, and displayed titles.   
               

     Each of the above identified elements may be stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices, and corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various implementations. In some implementations, memory  1006 , optionally, stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  1006 , optionally, stores additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     Furthermore, in some implementations, the functions of any of the devices and systems described herein (e.g., hub device  180 , hub device server system  508 , video server system  552 , client device  504 , smart device  204 , camera  118 , smart home provider server system  164 ) are interchangeable with one another and may be performed by any other devices or systems, where the corresponding sub-modules of these functions may additionally and/or alternatively be located within and executed by any of the devices and systems. As one example, generating of user interfaces may be performed by the user interface module  74610  (which may be located at the client interface server  556  or at the video server  554 ) or by the user interface module  826 , depending on whether the user is accessing the video feeds and corresponding histories through a web browser  823  or an application  824  (e.g., a dedicated smart home management application) at the client device  504 . The devices and systems shown in and described with respect to  FIGS. 6-10  are merely illustrative, and different configurations of the modules for implementing the functions described herein are possible in various implementations. 
       FIG. 11A  illustrates a representative system architecture  1100  and  FIG. 11B  illustrates a corresponding data processing pipeline  1112 . 
     In some implementations, the server system  508  or  552  includes functional modules for an event processor  11060 , an event categorizer  11080 , and a user-facing frontend  11100 . The event processor  11060  (e.g., event detection module  7306 ,  FIG. 7B ) obtains the motion event candidates (e.g., by processing the video stream or by receiving the motion start information from the video source  522 ). The event categorizer  11080  (e.g., event categorization module  7308 ,  FIG. 7B ) categorizes the motion event candidates into different event categories. The user-facing frontend  11100  (e.g., alert events module  73022 ,  FIG. 7B ) generates event alerts and facilitates review of the motion events by a reviewer through a review interface on a client device  504 . The client facing frontend also receives user edits on the event categories, user preferences for alerts and event filters, and zone definitions for zones of interest. The event categorizer optionally revises event categorization models and results based on the user edits received by the user-facing frontend. The server system  508 / 522  also includes a video and source data database  1106 , event categorization modules database  1108 , and event data and event masks database  1110 . In some implementations, each of these databases is part of the server database  732 . 
     In some implementations, the server system  508 / 552  also includes a frame extractor and encoder  11300 . The frame extractor and encoder (e.g., frame extraction module  73026 , encoding module  73028 ;  FIG. 7B ) extracts frames from raw video (e.g., video stream  1104 ) and encodes the extracted frames into an extracted-frames video. In some implementations, the frame extractor and encoder  11300  extracts frames at a predefined rate or a lower rate for portions of the video stream without alert events, and extracts frames at a higher rate for portions with alert events (e.g., the portion with the alert event and bracketing portions before and after the portion with the alert event). In some implementations, the overall, average rate at which the frames are extracted is a predefined rate (e.g., 20 frames per 20 minutes, 60 frames per hour, 1 frame per minute). The server system  508 / 522  also includes an extracted frames and extracted-frames videos  1130  database. In some implementations, extracted frames and extracted-frames videos  1130  are part of the server database  732  (e.g., extracted frames and extracted-frames videos database  7330 ,  FIG. 7C ). 
     The server system  508 / 522  receives the video stream  1104  from the video source  522  and optionally receives motion event candidate information  1102  such as motion start information and video source information  1103  such as device settings for camera  118 . In some implementations, the event processor sub-module  11060  communicates with the video source  522 . The server system sends alerts for motion (and other) events  1105  and event timeline information  1107  to the client device  504 . The server system  508 / 522  optionally receives user information from the client device  504  such as edits on event categories  1109  and zone definitions  1111 . The server system also sends to the client device  504  video  1136  (which may be the video stream  1104  or a modified version thereof) and, on request by the client device  504 , extracted-frames video  1138 . 
     The data processing pipeline  1112  processes a live video feed received from a video source  522  (e.g., including a camera  118  and an optional controller device) in real-time to identify and categorize motion events in the live video feed, and sends real-time event alerts and a refreshed event timeline to a client device  504  associated with a reviewer account bound to the video source  522 . The data processing pipeline  1112  also processes stored video feeds from a video source  522  to reevaluate and/or re-categorize motion events as necessary, such as when new information is obtained regarding the motion event and/or when new information is obtained regarding motion event categories (e.g., a new activity zone is obtained from the user). 
     After video data is captured at the video source  522  ( 1113 ), the video data is processed to determine if any potential motion event candidates are present in the video stream. A potential motion event candidate detected in the video data is also sometimes referred to as a cuepoint. Thus, the initial detection of a motion event candidate is referred to as motion start detection and/or cuepoint detection. Motion start detection ( 1114 ) triggers performance of a more thorough event identification process on a video segment (also sometimes called a “video slice” or “slice”) corresponding to the motion event candidate. In some implementations, the video data is initially processed at the video source  522 . Thus, in some implementations, the video source sends motion event candidate information, such as motion start information, to the server system  508 . In some implementations, the video data is processed at the server system  508  for motion start detection. In some implementations, the video stream is stored on server system  508  (e.g., in video and source data database  1106 ). In some implementations, the video stream is stored on a server distinct from server system  508 . In some implementations, after a cuepoint is detected, the relevant portion of the video stream is retrieved from storage (e.g., from video and source data database  1106 ). 
     In some implementations, the more thorough event identification process includes segmenting ( 1115 ) the video stream into multiple segments then categorizing the motion event candidate within each segment ( 1116 ). In some implementations, categorizing the motion event candidate includes an aggregation of background factors, motion entity detection identification, motion vector generation for each motion entity, motion entity features, and scene features to generate motion features ( 11166 ) for the motion event candidate. In some implementations, the more thorough event identification process further includes categorizing each segment ( 11167 ), generating or updating a motion event log ( 11168 ) based on categorization of a segment, generating an alert for the motion event ( 11169 ) based on categorization of a segment, categorizing the complete motion event ( 1119 ), updating the motion event log ( 1120 ) based on the complete motion event, and generating an alert for the motion event ( 1121 ) based on the complete motion event. In some implementations, a categorization is based on a determination that the motion event candidate is within a particular zone of interest. In some implementations, a categorization is based on a determination that the motion event candidate involves one or more particular zones of interest. 
     Frames are extracted from the video ( 1132 ) and an extracted-frames video is encoded from the extracted frames ( 1134 ). In some implementations, more frames are extracted per unit time of video from portions of the video during and proximate to the start and end of alert events (e.g., proximate to cuepoints) than from portions of the video without alert events. Thus, portions of the extracted-frames video without alert events have less frames per unit time than portions of the extracted-frames video with alert events. 
     The event analysis and categorization process may be performed by the video source  522  and the server system  508 / 552  cooperatively, and the division of the tasks may vary in different implementations, for different equipment capability configurations, and/or for different network and server load situations. After the server system  508  categorizes the motion event candidate, the result of the event detection and categorization may be sent to a reviewer associated with the video source  522 . 
     In some implementations, the server system  508 / 522  also determines an event mask for each motion event candidate and caches the event mask for later use in event retrieval based on selected zone(s) of interest. 
     In some implementations, the server system  508 / 522  stores raw or compressed video data (e.g., in a video and source data database  1106 ), event categorization models (e.g., in an event categorization model database  1108 ), and event masks and other event metadata (e.g., in an event data and event mask database  1110 ) for each of the video sources  522 . In some implementations, the video data is stored at one or more display resolutions such as 480p, 780p, 1080i, 1080p, and the like. In some implementations, the server system  508 / 522  also stores the extracted-frames video in the same or a similar database (e.g., in an extracted frames and extracted-frames video database  1130 ). 
     It should be appreciated that while the description of  FIGS. 11A-11B  refer to motion events, the system architecture  1100  and the data processing pipeline  1112  apply similarly to other types of events or alerts (e.g., alerts or events from other smart devices  204 , such as hazard alerts). Indeed, such alerts and events may be processed together alongside motion events in the same system architecture  1100  and pipeline  1112 . 
     In some implementations, one or more of the modules and data stores associated with server system  508  or  552  ( FIGS. 5A-5B ) or  1501  ( FIG. 15 ) may be located in the camera (e.g., camera  118 ) itself and/or in a computing device or system local to the camera (e.g., a server or digital video recorder device or hub device (e.g., hub device  180 ) located in the same house as the camera  118 ). In some implementations, one or more of the operations that are described as being performed at or by the server system  508  or  552  or  1501  may be performed by the camera itself and/or by the computing device or system local to the camera. For example, the camera and/or the local device/system may include analogous modules and data stores for processing the video feed captured by the camera to detect alert events and to identify frames in the video feed for extraction (e.g., analogue to video data receiving module, event detection module  7306 , etc.), storing the video feed (e.g., analogue to video storage database  7320 ), extracting the identified frames (e.g., analogue to frame extraction module  73026 ), encoding the extracted frames into extracted-frames video (e.g., analogue to encoding module  73028 ), storing the extracted frames video (e.g., analogue to extracted frames and extracted-frames video database  7330 ), and receiving requests from a client device for the video feed and/or extracted-frames video and transmitting the video feed and/or extracted-frames video to the client device (e.g., analogue to I/O interface to clients  516  or client interface server  556  or front-end  1508 ). 
     Example User Interfaces 
       FIGS. 12A-12M  illustrate example user interfaces on a client device for monitoring and reviewing video feeds in accordance with some implementations.  FIG. 12A  illustrates a client device  504  (e.g., a mobile device, such as a smart phone) with a touch screen  12002  and optionally an accelerometer  892  and/or a gyroscope  894  ( FIG. 8A ). A user interface  12004  of an application  824  is displayed on the touch screen  12002 . In some implementations, the application is a dedicated smart home management application (also referred to below as a “smart home application”), and the user interface  12004  is a home page or screen of the smart home management application. The user interface  12004  includes multiple user interface objects (e.g., buttons, icons, etc.) that display information associated with a smart home environment  100  associated with the user and/or that serve as affordances with which a user may interact to access functionalities associated with the smart home application. For example, the user interface  12004  includes a menu object  12006 , a settings object  12008 , a mode icon  12009  and corresponding label  12010 , one or more thermostat objects  12012 , a “Protect” object  12014 , and one or more camera objects  12016  with respective corresponding labels  12018 . 
     Other examples of a user interface that is a home page or screen of a smart home application are shown in FIGS. 11B, 14A, 14F, 14H, 14I, 14N-14R, and 14Y-14Z of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/208,578, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     The menu and settings objects  12006  and  12008 , when activated by the user, provide access to an options menu or interface and a settings menu or interface for the smart home application, respectively. In some implementations, the menu object  12006  is displayed as a “hamburger menu” icon consisting of three parallel lines (e.g., as shown in  FIG. 12A ), and the settings icon is displayed as a gear icon (e.g., as shown in  FIG. 12A ). The mode icon  12009  and label  12010  indicates the operating mode of the smart home environment  100  with which the information displayed in user interface  12004  is associated (e.g., the user&#39;s home). For example, the smart home environment  100  may operate in a “Home” mode and an “Away” mode. In the “Home” mode, the user is presumed to be in the smart home environment  100  (e.g., within the structure  150 ). In the “Away” mode, the user is presumed to be remote from the smart home environment  100 . Smart devices  204  may operate differently in the “Home” mode than in the “Away” mode, and certain notifications of events may be elided when in “Home” mode. The user may access a menu to change the mode by activating the mode icon  12009  (e.g., by tapping on the mode icon  12009  with a single tap gesture). 
     Thermostat objects  12012 -A and  12012 -B correspond to respective smart thermostats  102  in the smart home environment  100  and display the current detected temperatures and/or the set temperatures at the corresponding smart thermostats  102 . “Protect” object  12014  provides access to a history of alert events (e.g., detected hazards, detected sounds, detected vibrations, operation of smart door lock  120 , etc.) associated with the smart home environment  100 . The user accesses the “Protect” history by activating the “Protect” object  12014  (e.g., by tapping on the “Protect” object  12014  on the touch screen  12002 ). 
     The camera objects  12016 -A,  12016 -B, and  12016 -C correspond to respective video sources  522  (or, more particularly, respective cameras  118 ) within the smart home environment  100 . The labels  12018 -A,  12018 -B, and  12018 -C indicate the respective video sources  522  to which the respective camera objects  12016  correspond. For example, the camera object  12016 -A corresponds to a camera  118  labeled “Outside”  12018 -A. 
     Within a respective camera object  12016 , a view of a video feed or stream from the corresponding camera is displayed. For example, a view  12020  of the video feed from the “Outside”  12018 -A camera is displayed in camera object  12016 -A, a view  12022  of the video feed from the “Front door”  12018 -B camera is displayed in camera object  12016 -B, and a view  12024  of the video feed from the “Dining room”  12018 -C camera is displayed in camera object  12016 -C. In some implementations, the view of a video feed is displayed in a camera object  12016  as a real-time (or near real-time) live video stream from the corresponding camera or as periodically refreshed (e.g., at a rate less than typical frame rates for video) still images from the corresponding camera. In some implementations, the view is displayed at a resolution different from the original resolution and/or frame rate in which the video was captured. For example, the video views displayed in the camera objects  12016  are displayed at an 180P (180 horizontal lines progressive scan) resolution and at a frame rate of 5 or 10 frames per second, which is different from the original capture resolution (e.g., 720P, 1080P, 4K resolution) and the original frame rate. 
     In some implementations, the view displayed in a camera object  12016  is cropped from the original video to fit the size and shape of the camera object  12016 , and the cropping is positioned to focus on a particular portion of the video for display. For example, view  12020  is cropped to view  12020 - 1  to fit into circle-shaped object  12016 -A, view  12022  is cropped to view  12022 - 1  to fit into circle-shaped object  12016 -B, and view  12024  is cropped to view  12024 - 1  to fit into circle-shaped object  12016 -C. 
     It should be appreciated that while the camera objects  12016  are shown in the drawings as having a circular shape, the camera objects  12016  may be in other shapes (e.g., square, rectangle, etc.) or each camera object  12016  may have a distinct shape (e.g., one camera object  12016  has a circular shape, another camera object  12016  has a square shape, and so on). 
     Each of the camera objects  12016  are associated with a respective camera and its corresponding video feed. A user may perform a gesture on one of the camera objects  12016  to access a user interface that shows the video corresponding to that camera object uncropped and alert event information associated with the corresponding video feed. For example, in  FIG. 12A  a single tap gesture with contact  12026  is detected on the camera object  12016 -C. In response to detection of the gesture, user interface  12028  is displayed on the touch screen  1102 , replacing user interface  12004 , as shown in  FIG. 12B . 
     User interface  12028  includes a camera name  12030  (e.g., indicating or identifying the camera  118  for which a video feed is shown in the interface  12028 ) and optionally a description, a backtracking affordance  12032  to backtrack to a previous user interface (e.g., back to user interface  12004 ), a settings affordance  12034 , a live video indicator  12036 , and a video region  12038 . Within the video region  12038 , a video feed from a camera  118  (e.g., the video feed from the “Dining room”  12018 -C camera corresponding to the tapped-upon camera object  12016 -C) is displayed. A date description or indicator  12052  indicates the date of a frame of the video feed currently shown in the video region  12038 . 
     Also displayed in the user interface  12028  is a timeline region  12040 . In some implementations, one or more of a microphone icon  12042 , a video clip creation icon  12044 , and a timeline event filtering icon  12046  are also displayed in the user interface  12028 . The microphone icon  12042  corresponds to an affordance for activating audio capability between the device  504  and the camera  118  for which the video feed is displayed in the video region  12038  (if the camera  118  is equipped and configured for audio input and/or output). The video clip creation icon  12044  corresponds to an affordance for starting a process to save a portion of the video feed as a user-created video clip. The timeline event filtering icon  12046  corresponds to an affordance for filtering alert events displayed in the timeline by, for example, alert event type and/or the zone in which an alert event was detected. 
     The timeline region  12040  displays a timeline of the video feed displayed in the video region  12038 ; the timeline of the video feed corresponds to the date and time of the video feed displayed in the video region  12038 . The timeline region  12040  includes a time position marker  12048  and time increment markers  12050 . The time position marker  12048  marks a time in the timeline to which the portion of the video feed currently displayed in the video region  12038  corresponds; the time position marker  12048  marks the current position in the video feed on the timeline. In some implementations, the time position marker  12048  is also a “scrubber” for the video feed displayed in the video region  12038 ; the user may move the time position marker  12048  relative to the timeline or the timeline relative to the time position marker  12048  to “scrub” through the video feed in order to locate a particular portion of or to go to a particular time in the video feed. In some implementations, a date indicator  12052  is displayed in the user interface  12028  (e.g., proximate to the timeline region  12040 ). The date indicator  12052  indicates the date to which the time marked by the time position marker  12048 , and optionally the portion of the timeline displayed in the timeline region  12040 , corresponds. In some implementations, a count of events (not shown) associated with the video feed is displayed along with the date indicator  12052 . 
     Time increment markers  12050  indicate time units or increments on the timeline. For example, time increment marker  12050 -A marks 10 AM of a certain day on the timeline, time increment marker  12050 -B marks 9 AM on the timeline, time increment marker  12050 -C marks 8 AM on the timeline, time increment marker  12050 -D marks 7 AM on the timeline, and time increment marker  12050 -E marks 6 AM on the timeline. Thus, the time increment markers  12050 , as shown in  FIG. 12B , indicate one-hour increments on the timeline. In some implementations, the increments may be of another size (e.g., two-hour increments, half-hour increments, IO-minute increments, etc.). In some implementations, the smart home application, either in the user interface  12048  or elsewhere, includes an affordance for changing the time unit or increment size of the timeline (e.g., changing form one-hour increments as shown in  FIG. 12B  to another increment size). In some implementations, the timeline may be zoomed in or out by the user, thus changing the time increment size. In some implementations, the time unit or increment size is independent of how much display length (e.g., in pixels) on the timeline an increment occupies on the timeline, further details of which are described below. 
     In some implementations, indicators of alert events associated with the video feed displayed in the video region  12038  are displayed on the timeline in the timeline region  12040 . For example, in  FIG. 12B , alert event indicators  12054 ,  12056 ,  12058 , and  12060  are displayed on the timeline. In some implementations, information regarding alert events is obtained from smart devices  204 . Further details regarding these alert event indicators are described below. 
     In some implementations, time increments on the timeline during which one or more alert events occurred or were otherwise detected by a smart device, as indicated by alert event indicators in those time increments (e.g., alert event indicators  12054 ,  12056 ,  12058 , and/or  12060 ), occupy more display length on the timeline than time increments in which no alert event occurred or was detected, as indicated by the lack of alert event indicators in those time increments. For example, one or more alert events occurred during the 9 AM-10 AM hour (the “9-AM increment”) between time increment markers  12050 -A and  12050 -B, as indicated by alert event indicators  12054 ,  12056 ,  12058 , and  12060  displayed in that time increment. The display length between time increment markers  12050 -A and  12050 -B (the 9-AM increment) is longer than any of the respective display lengths between time increment markers  12050 -B and  12050 -C (the 8-AM increment), time increment markers  12050 -C and  12050 -D (the 7-AM increment), and time increment markers  12050 -D and  12050 -E (the 6-AM increment), where no alert event had occurred or were detected. In some implementations, increments that have alert events respectively have one display length, and increments that do not have alert events respective have another, shorter display length. For example, increments that have alert events respectively have lengths of X pixels on the timeline, and increments that do not have alert events respectively have lengths of X/4 pixels on the timeline. 
     For convenience, in this specification, the term “occur” or “occurrence” is used to collectively refer to occurrence of an alert event or detection of the alert event by a smart device. A time increment during which one or more alert events occurred and was detected by a smart device is described in this specification as a time increment with an alert event. Conversely, a time increment during which no alert event occurred or was detected by a smart device is described as a time increment without an alert event. 
     In some implementations, the timeline in the timeline region  12040  is arranged vertically, with the direction of time from past to present going from bottom to top on the timeline, as shown in  FIG. 12B . In some implementations, the timeline is arranged vertically, but the direction of time from past to present goes from top to bottom. In some implementations, the timeline in the timeline region is arranged horizontally and the direction of time from past to present goes from, depending on the particular implementation, left to right or right to left. It should be appreciated that in this specification, the “length” of the timeline is parallel to the direction-of-time orientation of the timeline. For example, if the timeline is vertically arranged, as with the timeline in the timeline region  12040  as shown in  FIG. 12B , the “length” of the timeline is the vertical dimension of the timeline. In some implementations, the timeline is an overlay over the video region  12038  as opposed to being a distinct region. For example, the video region  12038  may be sized to fit the width of the display, and the timeline is a vertically arranged timeline overlaid on one side (e.g., the right side) of the video region  12038  and displayed semi-transparently or translucently. 
     In some implementations, the video feed playing in the video region  12038  is a live or approximately live video stream originally captured by the camera  118  and received through a server system  508  or  552  (e.g., video  7321 ,  FIG. 7C ). Correspondingly, while the video feed is playing, the timeline in the timeline region  12040  scrolls, relative to the time position marker  12048 , at the same rate as and in accordance with real-time. For example, as shown in  FIGS. 12B-12D , the video feed is live, as indicated by live video indicator  12036 . The timeline in the timeline region  12040  moves in direction  12062 , in accordance with the actual passage of time and playback of the video feed, such that the time position marker  12048  continually marks approximately the present time on the timeline. Concurrently, the video feed plays in the video region  12038  along with the scrolling timeline and the position of the time position marker  12048  relative to the timeline. In some implementations, the time position marker  12048  is stationary within the timeline region  12040 ; the user sees the time position marker  12048  remaining in place while respective time increments in the timeline scroll by. 
     As the timeline scrolls, respective time increments in the timeline that are further in the past are scrolled out of display and respective time increments closer to the present are scrolled into display. For example, in  FIG. 12C , the 6-AM increment, the 7-AM increment, and the 8-AM increment have scrolled out of display, and the 10-AM increment between time increment markers  12050 -A and  12050 -F have scrolled completely into display. As the timeline scrolls further, portions of the 9-AM increment have scrolled out of display. The 11-AM increment between time increment markers  12050 -F and  12050 -G, the 12-PM increment between time increment markers  12050 -G and  12050 -H, the I-PM increment between time increment markers  12050 -H and  12050 - 1 , and the 2-PM increment between time increment markers  12050 - 1  and  12050 -J scroll into display, as shown in  FIG. 12D . 
     In some implementations, the video feed is encoded (e.g., by server system  508 ; by video server system  552 ) such that portions of the video feed corresponding to time increments with an alert event have more frames per unit time than portions of video feed corresponding to time increments without an alert event. In some implementations, the differences in timeline display length between time increments with an alert event and time increments without an alert event is associated with the difference in frames per unit time between time increments with an alert event and time increments without an alert event. As the timeline scrolls, when the time position marker  12048  is located over a time increment without an alert event, the video plays at less frames per unit time than when the time position marker  12048  is located over a time increment with an alert event. Thus, for example, portions of the video feed corresponding to the 9-AM increment and the 10-AM increment have more frames per unit time (e.g., frames per hour, frames per second) than the 6-AM increment, the 7-AM increment, the 8-AM increment, the 11-AM increment, the 12-PM increment, the I-PM increment, or the 2-PM increment. When the timeline is scrolling, the video feed plays in the video region  12038  in accordance with these different frame rates. 
     In some implementations, the time position marker  12048  displays digitally the time corresponding to the current location of the time position marker  12048  relative to the timeline. For example, in  FIG. 12B , the time position marker  12048  shows the time marked by the time position marker  12048  as “10:15:17 AM.” In some implementations, the time position marker  12048  displays the time corresponding to the current location of the time position marker  12048  relative to the timeline in analog form (e.g., with a graphic or icon resembling an analog clock). For example, the time position marker  12048  as shown in  FIG. 12E  includes an analog clock icon that shows the time marked by the time position marker  12048 . The analog clock icon has hour and minute hands that show the time marked by the time position marker  12048 . In implementations where the time position marker  12048  includes the analog clock icon or graphic, the date indicator  12052  may include, along with the date, the time marked by the time position marker  12048  in digital form, as shown in  FIG. 12E  for example. 
     In some implementations, the timeline scrolls backward or forward in time in accordance with a manual user input. The user may perform a gesture on the touch screen  12002  over the timeline region  12040 . The smart home application detects the gesture, and scrolls the timeline in accordance with the detected gesture. For example, as shown in  FIG. 12F , a gesture with contact  12064  (hereinafter “gesture  12064 ” for convenience) is detected in timeline region  12040 . The gesture  12064  moves in direction  12066 . In accordance with the gesture  12064  and its direction  12066 , the timeline scrolls in direction  12067 , backwards toward past time, as shown in  FIG. 12G  for example. Meanwhile, time position marker  12048  remains stationary, thus marking a new time by virtue of the timeline scrolling relative to the time position marker  12048 , thus positioning the time position marker  12048  at a new location on the timeline. As shown in  FIG. 12G , live video indicator  12036  indicates that the video feed content displayed in video region  12038  is not live; the timeline has scrolled backward to a past time corresponding to historical video content in the video feed. In some embodiments, in response to the time position marker  12048  being moved to a past time, the recorded video feed corresponding to that past time will be requested and subsequently displayed in video region  12038 . Thus, by scrolling the timeline, the user can access the recorded video feed backward or forward in time in order to find a desired portion for viewing, where the recorded video feed could be recorded locally (e.g., on the camera, such as camera  118 , or another electronic storage device in proximity to the camera) or remotely (e.g., on a server system remote from the camera, such as server system  508 ,  552 , or  1501 ). In some implementations, whichever time on the timeline the user scrolls to, the video feed resumes playback from the approximate time on the timeline where the scrolling stopped. In some implementations, the user can also scroll the timeline all the way forward in time to resume live video in the video region  12038 . In which case, e.g., the client device  504  may request the live video feed from the camera (e.g., camera  118 ) itself or a server system remote from the camera (e.g., server system  508 ,  552 , or  1501 ). 
     In some implementations, while the user is moving in time through the video feed (e.g., with gesture  12064 ), the video content displayed in the video region  12038  is an extracted-frames video (e.g., extracted-frames video from database  7330 ) version of the video feed, encoded (e.g., by server system  508 / 552 ) from frames extracted from the original video from the camera  118  (e.g., high-quality video  7321 ). In some implementations, the extracted-frames video averages a predefined frame rate (e.g., 20 frames per 20 minutes, 60 frames per hour, 1 frame per minute), but the frame rate between portions of the extracted-frames video may vary, with the portions of the extracted-frames video corresponding to an alert event having more frames per unit time than portions without an alert event. Frames are extracted from the video feed for generation of the extracted-frames video, such that frames are extracted closer together (e.g., frames extracted at higher than the average rate) from portions of the video feed in proximity to an alert event (e.g., a cuepoint) than from portions of the video feed without an alert event (e.g., frames extracted at or lower than the average rate). When the user scrubs the timeline (i.e., moves in time through the recorded video feed), the portions of the extracted-frames video with an alert event have frames closer together in time than the portions of the extracted-frames video without an alert event. As the user scrubs the video feed, frames from the extracted-frames video are displayed in the video region  12038 , instead of frames from the original version of the video feed that plays when the timeline is not being manually scrolled. In other words, in some implementations, the original video feed is not displayed while the user is scrubbing the video feed—rather, only a subset of frames from the original video feed are displayed. Further, in some implementations, frames of the extracted-frames video may be requested from the server system (e.g., server system  508  or  552 , a server or recording/storage device local to the camera  118 ) as the user scrolls the timeline. This facilitates the efficient provision of extracted-frames video for scrubbing while keeping the extracted-frames video generation and storage primarily at the server system  508 / 522 . In some implementations, the extracted-frames video operationally is more akin to a set of still images or a time-lapse video; the still images or time-lapse frames (e.g., the frames in the extracted-frames video) are displayed as the user scrubs the video feed. In at least one embodiment, while a user scrolls through the timeline of a recorded video feed, only a subset of frames from the original video feed are displayed rather than the actual recorded video feed. Once the user stops scrolling, however, or otherwise indicates a desire to playback the original video feed at a particular historical time, the client device  504  will request and display the recorded video feed from that historical time on. In some implementations, the client device  504  may not request or display the recorded video feed in such an instance. For example, a user account may have one of a number of a different subscription tiers. Different qualities or amounts of recorded video feed may be provided to the user based on their subscription tier. For example, on a paid subscription, the client device  504  may give the user the full experience of subsets of frames while scrolling and then the full recorded video feed on response to the user selecting a particular time in history to begin playback. For an unpaid subscription, however, while the client device  504  may give the user the experience of subsets of frames while scrolling, in response to the user selecting a particular time in history to begin playback the client device  504  may not actually playback any video. In some embodiments, and in accordance with different subscription tiers, the client device  504  may playback historical video for only a select number of hours (e.g., 1, 3, 12, etc.) or days (e.g., 1, 7, 30, etc.). In some embodiments, a still image from the subset of frames may be displayed instead of the recorded video stream. In some embodiments, a message indicating different subscription plans are available may be displayed or superimposed on the still image. In some embodiments, the subsets of frames may be displayed only for historical times during which an event occurred. E.g., the subsets of frames may be displayed during the time a particular event occurred, and a still image or message may be displayed during the time that no events have occurred. 
     As described above, the timeline may include one or more alert event indicators (e.g., alert event indicators  12054 ,  12056 ,  12058 ,  12060 ). These alert event indicators indicate on the timeline occurrences of alert events detected by smart devices. In some implementations, alert event indicators indicate alert events corresponding to any of multiple types, including for example: motion events in a user-defined or automatically generated zone in the field of view captured by the camera  118  and shown in the video feed, motion events in the field of view generally or not in any user-defined or automatically generated zone, hazard events (e.g., hazards detected by a hazard (e.g., smoke, carbon monoxide) detector), a window or door activity event (e.g., detection of a window or door being opened or closed), a door lock event (e.g., detection of a door lock being engaged or disengaged), and a thermostat or HVAC event (e.g., a thermostat temperature change, activation of thermostat programming, the thermostat turning on or off, etc.). In some implementations, additional indicators or information from the smart devices may be displayed on the timeline along with alert event indicators. For example, the ambient temperature as detected by the thermostat or HVAC system may be plotted as a line graph on the timeline. 
     In some implementations, an alert event indicator is displayed as a graphical object (e.g., a “pill” graphical object, called such because its shape and rounded ends resemble a medicine pill) with a display length parallel to the timeline; the display length is based on the duration of the alert event. For example, alert event indicators  12054  and  12056  ( FIG. 12B ) have different display lengths, and correspondingly reflect different durations. Alert event indicators corresponding to alert events associated with a toggle event or a state change event (e.g., a simple on-to-off event or vice versa, a door lock changing state from engaged to disengaged) may have a default or nominal display length independent of duration (e.g., as with indicator  12060 ). Alert event indicators are displayed on the timeline in a manner that indicates approximate start and end times of the respective corresponding alert events based on their respective locations on the timeline and optionally their lengths. For example, the alert event corresponding to alert event indicator  12054  starts sometime after 9 AM and lasts until sometime after 10 AM. 
     In some implementations, the timeline region  12040  includes multiple sub-regions or sub-sections or columns (for a vertically oriented timeline) or rows (for a horizontally oriented timeline)  12068  running parallel to the timeline. For example,  FIGS. 12G and 12H  show sub-sections  12068 -A,  12068 -B,  12068 -C, and  12068 -D in timeline region  12040 , running parallel to the timeline. It should be appreciated that the dotted lines dividing the sub-sections  12068  in  FIGS. 12G and 12H  are shown in the figures for illustrative purposes only, and are not actually displayed in the user interface  12028  and are not otherwise visible to users. Alert event indicators and other information from smart devices are displayed in respective sub-sections  12068  based on the alert event type or information type. For example, alert event indicators corresponding to motion events in a “Table” zone (e.g., indicator  12054 ) are displayed in sub-section  12068 -A. Alert event indicators corresponding to motion events in a “Window” zone (e.g., indicators  12056  and  12070 ) are displayed in sub-section  12068 -B. Alert event indicators corresponding to motion events in a “Door” zone (e.g., indicator  12058 ) are displayed in sub-section  12068 -C. Alert event indicators corresponding to door lock events for a respective door lock (e.g., indicator  12060 ) are displayed in sub-section  12068 -D. In some implementations, the number of sub-sections  12068  is limited (e.g., four as shown in  FIGS. 12G and 12H ) due to display space and legibility considerations; multiple alert event types may be assigned the same sub-section. For example, sub-section  12068 -A may be shared by alert event indicators corresponding to “Table” zone motion events and alert event indicators corresponding to motion events not in any of the user-created or automatically generated zones. As another example, one sub-section  12068  may be shared by non-motion events (e.g., hazard alerts) and motion events not in any user-created or automatically created zone, and other sub-sections  12068  are reserved for motion events in respective zones. 
     In some implementations, one or more of the sub-regions/sub-sections/columns display other information from smart devices. For example, the ambient 
     temperature as detected by the thermostat or HVAC system may be plotted as a line graph in one of the sub-sections. 
     Locations on the timeline with alert event indicators may correspond to portions of the video feed that were captured and recorded while the respective corresponding alert events were detected. When the time position marker  12048  overlaps one or more alert event indicators on the timeline, the video feed portion that is played or displayed in the video region  12038  was captured concurrently with detection of the corresponding alert events. For example, as shown in  FIGS. 12G and 12H , the time position marker overlaps alert event indicators  12054 ,  12056 , and  12058 . Indicator  12054  corresponds to a motion event in a “Table” zone, e.g., a person  12072  moving in a zone named “Table.” Indicator  12056  corresponds to a motion event in a “Window” zone, e.g., a person  12074  moving in a zone named “Window.” Indicator  12058  corresponds to a motion event in a “Door” zone, e.g., a person  12076  moving in a zone named “Door.” 
     In some implementations, different portions of the video feed portion may be recorded and accessible. These may be accessible based on, e.g., a subscription tier associated with the user. For example, in accordance with one subscription tier, video may be recorded and accessible only during the time that an event occurs. In some embodiments, the full video may not be available but rather only a subset of the frames corresponding to that event. In accordance with another subscription tier, video may be recorded and accessible not only during events but also when events do not occur. Depending on the particular subscription tier, the amount of recorded video recorded and/or accessible may be different, e.g., a certain number of hours or a certain number of days, weeks, or years. 
     In some implementations, the alert event indicators have different visual characteristics based on the corresponding alert event type. The different visual characteristic may be different colors, for example. For example, indicators corresponding to “Table” zone motion events (e.g., indicator  12054 ) have a first color, indicators corresponding to “Window” zone motion events (e.g., indicators  12056  and  12070 ) have a second color, indicators corresponding to “Door” zone motion events (e.g., indicator  12058 ) have a third color, indicators corresponding to door lock events for a particular door (e.g., indicator  12060 ) have a fourth color, and so on. In  FIGS. 12G-12H , the different colors are represented in the figures by the different fill patterns in the alert event indicators. 
     In some implementations, when the video feed portion that is being played or displayed corresponds to a portion with one or more alert events corresponding to motion events in zones (i.e., the time position marker  12048  overlaps one or more alert event indicators corresponding to motion events in zones), the zone(s) in which the motion event(s) were detected are highlighted in the video feed portion. For example, as shown in  FIG. 12H , “Table” zone  12078 , “Window” zone  12080 , and “Door” zone  12082  are highlighted. In some implementations, the respective zones are highlighted with the same respective colors as their respective corresponding alert event indicators. 
     In some implementations, the order in which alert event types corresponding to motion events in zones are assigned, relative to each other, to respective sub-sections  12068  is based on the order of the zones in the field of view of the camera  118 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 12H , “Table” zone  12078 , “Window” zone  12080 , and “Door” zone  12082  had been defined in the field of view of the video feed, in the order from left to right as shown in the figure. Following that ordering, indicators for “Table” zone motion events are assigned to sub-section  12068 -A, indicators for “Window” zone motion events are assigned to sub-section  12068 -B, and indicators for “Door” zone motion events are assigned to sub-section  12068 -C. 
       FIG. 121  illustrates user interface  12028  with a “Condense” affordance  12084  (e.g., a virtual button or other user interface object) displayed amongst multiple consecutive time increments without an alert event (e.g., the 8-AM increment, the 7-AM increment, etc.). In some implementations, consecutive time increments without alert events may be condensed on the timeline. For example, by activating the “Condense” affordance  12084  (e.g., tapping on the “Condense” affordance with a tap gesture  12086 , as shown in  FIG. 12J ), the respective one-hour time increments between time increment markers  12050 -B and  12050 -C,  12050 -C and  12050 -D,  12050 -D and  12050 -E,  12050 -E and  12050 -K,  12050 -K and  12050 -L, and  12050 -L and  12050 -M are condensed or collapsed into one multi-hour time increment represented by multi-hour marker  12092  ( FIG. 12K ). In some implementations, activation of the “Condense” affordance also causes other consecutive time increments without alert events elsewhere in the timeline to condense or collapse. The condensing pulls other time increments, and any alert event indicators within these other time increments, into view. For example, one or more other alert event indicators (alert event indicators  12070  and  12090 ) and associated time increments (e.g., the time increment between multi-hour marker  12092  and time increment marker  12050 -N) are pulled into view by the condensing of the increments between time increment markers  12050 -M and  12050 -B. After the condensing, an “Expand” affordance  12088  (e.g., a virtual button or other user interface object) is displayed over the multi-hour marker  12092  (e.g., as shown in  FIG. 12K ). The condensing may be reversed by activation of the “Expand” affordance  12088  in a similar manner as activation of the “Condense” affordance  12084  (e.g., with a tap gesture). 
       FIG. 12L-12M  illustrate examples in which additional information is displayed in the timeline. In  FIG. 12L , in the timeline region  12040 , alert event indicators  12102 ,  12104 , and  12106  are aligned in one sub-section (the sub-section delineations not shown in the  FIG. 12L ) within the timeline region  12040 , alert event indicators  12108  and  12110  are aligned in another sub-section in the timeline region  12040 , and alert event indicators  12112  and  12114  are aligned in a third sub-section in the timeline region  12040 . A “Live” label in time position marker  12048  indicates that the video feed displayed in the video region  12038  is the live video feed. While the live video feed is played, microphone icon  12128  (similar in function to microphone icon  12042 ) is displayed; a user may activate the microphone icon  12128  to activate audio capability between the device  504  and the camera  118 . 
     Along with the alert event indicators  12102 ,  12104 ,  12106 ,  12108 ,  12110 ,  12112 , and  12114 , event thumbnails  12116 ,  12118 , and  12120  may be displayed in the timeline region  12040 . Lines  12122 ,  12124 , and  12126  visually connect the event thumbnails  12116 ,  12118 , and  12120  to respective associated alert event indicators. For example, thumbnail  12116  is associated with alert event indicator  12108 , thumbnail  12118  is associated with alert event indicator  12104 , and thumbnail  12120  is associated with alert event indicator  12114 . In some implementations, for a respective alert event indicator, the associated event thumbnail is a frame from the portion of the video feed associated with the alert event indicator. In some implementations, the user may interact with an event thumbnail. For example, the user may tap on an event thumbnail displayed on the touch screen  12002  to jump in the timeline to the time corresponding to the beginning of the video portion with which the tapped event thumbnail is associated. In other words, in response to a user selection of a particular event thumbnail, the client device  504  may request the stored video associated with that event thumbnail and begin playing back the video stored at that time in the video region  12038 . In some implementations, up to a predefined number (e.g., two) of event thumbnails are displayed per one-hour increment; the predefined number ultimately depends on the visual size (e.g., pixel size) of the time increments on the time line and the size of the display (e.g., touch screen  12002 ), as the limit on the number of event thumbnails to be displayed is an accommodation to limited on-screen display space. In some embodiments, the thumbnail may not be a thumbnail image of the entire frame from the video feed, but rather may be a thumbnail image illustrating only a portion of a frame from the video feed. For example, the thumbnail image may be an image portion associated with a zone in which motion was detected. For another example, the thumbnail image may be an image portion associated with a person, pet, object, or other entity that was detected by way of classification mechanisms or otherwise. For another example, the thumbnail image may be an image portion associated with an event such as fire or smoke. For another example, the thumbnail image may be an image portion associated with other sensors located within field of view or otherwise associated with the camera and in response to sensor detections. For example, an image portion associated with the door in response to the door lock being actuated. Or an image portion associated with a window which is monitored by a window sensor in response to the window sensor being actuated (e.g., detecting a window break). 
     In  FIG. 12M , in the timeline region  12040 , alert event indicators  12202 ,  12204 ,  12206 , and  12208  are aligned in one sub-section (the sub-section delineations not shown in the  FIG. 12M ) within the timeline region  12040 , alert event indicators  12210  and  12212  are aligned in another sub-section in the timeline region  12040 , and alert event indicators  12114  and  12116  are aligned in a third sub-section in the timeline region  12040 . A time is shown digitally on time position marker  12048 , indicating that the video feed displayed in the video region  12038  is non-live, historical video. While the non-live video feed is shown, a “go live” button or icon  12218  is displayed; the user may activate the “go live” button  12218  to jump to the current time in the timeline and live video in the video region  12038 . 
     Along with the alert event indicators  12202 ,  12204 ,  12206 ,  12208 ,  12210 ,  12212 ,  12214 , and  12216 , event thumbnails  12220 ,  12222 , and  12224  and event category icons  12226 ,  12228 ,  12230 ,  12232 , and  12234  are displayed in the timeline region  12040 . The event category icons indicate a type or category of an alert event (e.g., motion event, hazard event, sound event, thermostat event). Each of the event thumbnails is associated with an alert event indicator. Each of the event category icons is associated with an alert event indicator. The event thumbnails and the event category icons are visually linked to their associated alert event indicators by lines. For example, line  12236  connects event category icon  12226  to alert event indicator  12202 , line  12238  connects event thumbnail  12220  to alert event indicator  12210 , line  12240  connects event category icon  12228  and event thumbnail  12222  to alert event indicator  12212 , line  12242  connects event category icon  12230  to alert event indicator  12204 , line  12244  connects event category icon  12232  and event thumbnail  12224  to alert event indicator  12206 , and line  12246  connects event category icon  12234  to alert event indicator  12208 . 
     In some implementations, and as previously disclosed, viewing of the video feed (e.g., how much the user can view, what the user can do with the video feed) and other functionality may be restricted based on whether the user has a paid subscription. For example, viewing of historical content of the video feed beyond a certain day and/or time (e.g., viewing portions of the video feed that are older than six hours from the current time) may be restricted to subscribed users. When the user tries to view restricted content without a paid subscription, the smart home application may attempt to promote paid subscriptions to the user. For example, when the user tries to scroll the timeline past the restriction point, so that the time position marker  12048  marks a time past the restriction point, instead of displaying the corresponding portion of the video feed in the video region  12038 , the user interface  12028  may display a prompt, pop-up, or other message to the user, informing the user that portions of the video feed beyond the restriction point is limited to paid subscribers and promoting a paid subscription to the user. Further, in some implementations, additional functionality limitations may be imposed on non-subscribers. For example, snapshots of event activity (e.g., frames from portions of the video feed with an alert event) are displayed in the video region  12038  to non-subscribers instead of playback of the video feed. In some implementations, there are multiple subscription tiers for the service, and the functionality and storage limitations and restrictions depend on the particular subscription tier (e.g., the number of days for which video is retained and stored depends on the particular subscription tier). 
     As described above with reference to  FIG. 12F , a user may scroll the timeline backwards or forwards with a gesture on the timeline region  12040 . In some implementations, the scrolling is based also on the type of gesture detected by the smart home application. For example, the gesture may be a dragging gesture or a swipe (or flick) gesture. In a drag gesture, the contact stays on and moves on the touch screen  12002 , and the timeline scrolls in accordance with the movement of the contact, as if the contact is dragging the timeline along. In a swipe or flick gesture, the contact moves on and releases from the touch screen  12002  quickly, and the timeline scrolls in the direction of the contact&#39;s movement with a decaying speed, e.g., the timeline scrolls with inertial scrolling. 
     When the gesture is a dragging gesture, frames of the extracted-frames video version of the video feed may be displayed in the video region  12038  as the timeline scrolls relative to the time position marker  12048 . In some implementations, depending on the speed of the gesture (and thus the speed of the scrolling), some frames of the extracted-frames video may be omitted from display as the timeline scrolls past the time position marker  12048 , so that the display of the frames can keep pace with the scrolling of the timeline. 
     When the gesture is a swipe gesture, frames of the extracted-frames video are displayed in the video region  12038  as the timeline scrolls, with inertial scrolling, relative to the time position marker  12048 . In some implementations, as with the scrolling caused by a dragging gesture, some frames of the extracted-frames video may be omitted from display as the timeline scrolls past the time position marker  12048 . Further, as the inertial scrolling of the timeline decays, less frames need to be omitted as the display of the frames of the extracted-frames video are better able to keep pace with the scrolling of the timeline. 
     In some implementations, an alert events summary view may be displayed. This view may be activated by activation of a predefined affordance (e.g., date indicator  12052 ,  FIG. 12B ). In some implementations, the summary view shows thumbnails of video portions corresponding to alert events arranged chronologically. As the view is scrolled up or down, the video portions are played one at a time. In some implementations, the summary view shows the timeline in miniature and thumbnails of video portions corresponding to alert events grouped by zone or event type. Within a respective zone or type, video portion thumbnails are ordered chronologically. 
     In some implementations, video feeds from multiple cameras  118  are displayed concurrently. For example, video feeds from up to four cameras  118  may be displayed in a two-by-two arrangement on a display (e.g., a display of a tablet computer device). A shared timeline for the video feeds may be displayed. The shared timeline includes a respective sub-section  12068  for each of the video feeds displayed. 
     In some implementations, an event thumbnail shows a cropped and zoomed-in version of the frame selected for the event thumbnail. The event thumbnail is cropped and zoomed-in to focus on an area of interest in the frame (e.g., motion activity). 
     Example Processes 
       FIG. 13  illustrates a flowchart diagram of a method  1300  for presenting a timeline-video relationship in accordance with some implementations. In some implementations, the method  1400  is performed at an electronic device with one or more processors, memory, a display (e.g., a computer display, a television display, a mobile device display, a touchscreen display), and optionally a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touchscreen display, a touchpad), an accelerometer, and/or an audio input device. For example, in some implementations, the method  1400  is performed by a client device  504  ( FIGS. 5A-5B and 8A-8B ) or  1504  ( FIG. 15 ) in an operating environment (e.g., environment  500 ,  550 ,  1500 ) or one or more components thereof (e.g., client-side module  502 , presentation module  821 , input processing module  822 , web browser module  823 , application  824 , user interface module  826 ). In some implementations, the method  1400  is governed by instructions that are stored in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium (e.g., the memory  806 ) and the instructions are executed by one or more processors of the electronic device (e.g., the CPUs  802 ). 
     The electronic device displays, via the display of the electronic device, a user interface having a first region and a second region ( 1302 ). The client device  504  displays a user interface  12028  on the touch screen  12002 . The user interface  12028  includes a video region  12038  and a timeline region  12040 . 
     The electronic device receives, and displays in the first region of the user interface, a live video stream of a physical environment captured by a video camera located remotely from the electronic device, wherein at least some of the live video stream is recorded at a remote server ( 1304 ). The client device  504  receives a video feed (e.g., video captured by camera  118 ) from a server system  508 / 552 ; the camera  118  transmits captured video to the server system  508 / 552 , which stores the at least some of the video and transmits at least some of the video to the client device  504 . The video feed is displayed in video region  12038  of the user interface  12028 . In some implementations, the video feed includes a live video stream. In some implementations, the video feed includes recorded video of the live video stream (e.g., past recordings of the live video stream). The video feed is video of a physical environment captured by the camera  118 , which is located remotely from the client device  504 . The server  508 / 552  is also remotely located from the client device  504 . 
     The electronic device displays, in the second region of the user interface, a timeline corresponding to a timespan for a first portion of a duration during which the live video stream may have been recorded ( 1306 ). The client device  504  displays in the timeline region  12040  of the user interface  12028  a timeline. The timeline includes multiple time increments  12050 . The portion of the timeline displayed in the timeline region  12040  at a given instance, represented by the time increments  12050  displayed in the region  12040  at the given instance, corresponds to a timespan for a portion of a duration (e.g., a continuous time duration) during which the video feed may have been recorded (e.g., during the continuous time duration, video feed from the camera  118  may be recorded at the server system  508 / 552  or not recorded (e.g., because the camera  118  was turned off, camera  118  lost network connectivity, recording was beyond limits of the associated user&#39;s subscription tier)). In some implementations, the timespan is an amount or span of time (e.g., some number of hours) at a certain point in history (e.g., the duration). For example, the span of time between 3 AM to 10 AM on a certain day is a different timespan from the span of time between 10 AM to 3 PM on the same day, or from 3 AM to 10 AM on another day. A timespan in the timeline is the amount of time corresponding to the portion of the timeline that is displayed in the timeline region  12040  at any given moment. 
     In response to receiving a user interaction indicating a desire to move the timespan to a second portion of the duration during which the live video stream may have been recorded ( 1308 ), the electronic device transitions ( 1310 ) the displayed timeline to a new timeline that corresponds to the timespan for the second portion, and while transitioning the displayed timeline to the new timeline, displays ( 1312 ), in the first region of the user interface, a subset of video frames representing the first and/or second portion of the duration during which the live video stream may have been recorded. In response to a user interaction (e.g., a gesture  12064  on touchscreen display  12002 ) to move the timespan of the timeline to a second portion of the duration (e.g., to have timeline in the timeline region  12040  show another timespan with another set of time increments  12050 ; the user “scrubs” or scrolls the timeline), the client device  504  transitions the displayed timeline to another timespan with another set of time increments  12050  (e.g., scroll the timeline such that another timespan is displayed in the timeline region  12040 ). While transitioning the timeline, the client device  504  displays in the video region  12038  frames from the extracted-frames video(s) for the time duration portion(s) displayed in the timeline region  12040  during the transition; frames from the extracted-frames videos are displayed in the video region  12038  for the time period displayed in the timeline region  12040  while the timeline scrolls in accordance with the gesture. 
     In some implementations, the electronic device obtains the subset of video frames separately from receiving the live video stream. The client device  504  obtains the extracted-frames video separately from the video feed. The video feed and the extracted-frames video are separate transmissions from the server system  508 / 552  to the client device  504 . 
     In some implementations, after the transitioning, the electronic device displays in the first region a recorded portion of the live video stream recorded during the second portion of the duration. After the transitioning (e.g., after the scrolling ends), the client device  504  plays the video feed in the video region  12038  (e.g., resume playback of the video feed) instead of displaying frames from the extracted-frames video. The portion of video feed where playback is resumed from is a portion associated with the time duration portion displayed in the timeline at the end of the scrolling. 
     In some implementations, the second portion of the duration includes the current time, and displaying in the first region a recorded portion of the live video stream includes displaying in the first region the live video stream. If the transition (e.g., the timeline scrolling) transitions the timeline to the current time (i.e., the end of the timeline closest to the current or present time), the client device  504  plays the live video stream in the video region  12038 . 
     In some implementations, the user interaction includes a gesture (e.g., a gesture on touchscreen display  12002 ) configured to activate a scrolling effect on the timeline. The user interaction indicating the desire to move the span may be a gesture that activates a scrolling effect on the timeline. 
     In some implementations, the gesture is one of a swipe gesture or a dragging gesture. The scrolling gesture may be a swipe gesture or a dragging gesture in the timeline region  12040 . Other gestures that may be configured to activate the scrolling effect include a flick gesture in the timeline region  12040  or a tap gesture on a predefined portion of the user interface  12028  (e.g., tap on the top of the user interface  12028  near the top edge of the touch screen  12002  or on a displayed affordance (e.g., “Go Live” affordance  12218 ) to have the timeline automatically scroll to the current time, tap on the bottom of the user interface  12028  near the bottom edge of the touch screen  12002  to have the timeline scroll automatically to the back limit of the timeline (e.g., time corresponding to the limit of possible video recording and storage time based on the user&#39;s subscription tier)). 
     In some implementations, the electronic device receives information indicating one or more alert events within the timespan, and in accordance with the alert events information, displays on the timeline an alert event indicator for each of the alert events within the timespan. The client device  504  receives alerts events information or data from the server system  508 / 552 . In some implementations, the alert events information is received in the form of metadata. The alert events information include data indicating alert events that were detected by smart devices in the operating environment  500 / 550  during the time duration in the timeline. Alert event indicators (e.g., alert event indicators  12054 ,  12056 ,  12058 ,  12060 , etc.) are displayed in the timeline for each alert event in the time duration in the timeline. 
     In some implementations, the subset of video frames includes a first sub-subset of video frames and a second sub-subset of video frames distinct from the first sub-subset, the first sub-subset of video frames is associated with an alert event of the alert events, the second sub-subset of video frames is associated with no alert event, the first sub-subset has a first frame rate, and the second sub-subset has a second frame rate lower than the first frame rate. When frames are extracted from the video feed, frames may be extracted at different rates depending on whether a frame is around or proximate in time to an alert event or cuepoint (e.g., associated with an alert event). Frames around or proximate in time to an alert event or cuepoint are extracted at a higher rate than frames not around or proximate to an alert event or cuepoint. When these frames are encoded into an extracted-frames video, the frames that were extracted at a higher rate become a set of frames within the extracted-frames video with a higher frame rate (i.e., more frames per unit time; the frames are denser) than the set of frames that were extracted at the lower rate (i.e., less frames per unit time; the frames are less dense). In some implementations, due to this difference in frame rate, when the timeline moves, in response to a timespan-moving user interaction, to a time with an alert event, more frames may be displayed than when the timeline moves in response to a timespan-moving user interaction to a time without an alert event; the higher frame rate in the set of frames proximate to the alert event/cuepoint supplies more frames for display than the lower frame rate set of frames not proximate to any alert event/cuepoint. 
     In some implementations, the alert event indicator for an alert event includes a pill object, the pill object has a length parallel to the timeline, and the length represents the duration of the alert event. The alert event indicator may be displayed as a pill graphical object with a length parallel to the timeline. For example,  FIG. 12B  shows alert event indicators  12054 ,  12056 ,  12058 , and  12050  as pill objects with different lengths. The lengths represents the durations of the corresponding events. In some implementations, if an alert event indicator indicates an event without a specific duration or where duration is not relevant (e.g., a toggle from one state to another), the alert event indicator may be displayed as a pill object with a default length or as a pill object that has devolved into another shape (e.g., circular shape as with alert event indicator  12060 ). 
     In some implementations, the alert events include alert events of one or more alert event types, the types including one or more of: motion events in a defined zone, motion events not in a defined zone, hazard events, sound events, thermostat events, and door events. The alert events detected by the smart devices in the environment belong to one of multiple types, which may include motion events in a zone defined by a user (and, in some implementations, where motion in each defined zone is its own type), motion events not in a defined zone, hazard events (e.g., smoke, fire, gas leak, carbon monoxide), sound events (e.g., sudden sounds over a decibel threshold), thermostat events (e.g., change in ambient temperature, change in temperature settings), and door events (e.g., smart door lock engaged/disengaged, door open/closed). 
     In some implementations, an alert event indicator for an alert event of a first type of the alert event types differs from an alert event indicator for an alert event of a second type of the alert event types in at least one visual characteristic. In some implementations, the differing visual characteristic is color. Alert event indicators corresponding to different alert event types may be distinguished visually in the timeline region  12040  by differences in a visual characteristic. For example, alert event indicators may differ in color, where the color represents a respective alert event type. 
     In some implementations, alert event indicators of alert events types have different visual characteristics based on the smart device that detected the alert event. For example, alert events indicators for alert events detected by one smart device may have one color, and alert events indicators for alert events detected by another smart device may have a different color. 
     In some implementations, alert event indicators for alert events of a first type of the alert event types are arranged along a first linear path, parallel to the timeline, in the second region; alert event indicators for alert events of a second type of the alert event types are arranged along a second linear path, parallel to the first linear path and to the timeline, in the second region; and the first linear path and the second linear path are parallel to each other and to the timeline. Alert event indicators of different types may be arranged in respective parallel linear paths (e.g., columns) by alert event type in the timeline region  12040 . For example,  FIG. 12L  shows indicators  12102 ,  12104 , and  12106  (corresponding to one alert event type) in one linear path parallel to the timeline, indicators  12108  and  12110  (corresponding to another alert event type) in another linear path parallel to the timeline, and indicators  12112  and  12114  (corresponding to yet another alert event type) in yet another linear path parallel to the timeline. In some implementations, each linear path or column has its own sub-section (e.g., sub-sections  12068 ,  FIG. 12G ) in the timeline region  12040 . 
     In some implementations, the electronic device  504  displays in the second region one or more event type icons. Each event type icon is associated with an alert event indicator and indicating an event type of an alert event to which the alert event indicator corresponds. Icons identifying alert event types (e.g., icons  12226 ,  12228 ,  12230 ,  12232 , and  12234 ,  FIG. 12M ) may be displayed in the timeline region  12040 . Each event type icon is associated with a respective alert event indicator, and is visually linked to the associated alert event indicator by a line (e.g., line  12236 ,  12242 ,  12246 ). 
     In some implementations, displaying the timeline includes displaying a plurality of consecutive time increments, the plurality of consecutive time increments corresponding to a cumulative time duration and not associated with any alert event. Further, while displaying the plurality of consecutive time increments, the electronic device displays in the second region a first affordance to collapse the plurality of consecutive time increments into a cumulative time increment in the timeline, the cumulative time increment corresponding to the cumulative time duration. The electronic device detects a user interaction activating the first affordance, and in response to detecting the user interaction activating the first affordance, replaces display of the plurality of consecutive time increments with display of the cumulative time increment. The client device  504  displays time increments in the timeline. For example, in  FIG. 121 , one-hour increments are displayed in the timeline in the timeline region  12040 . In some implementations, an increment with one or more alert events (e.g., the 9 AM increment starting at marker  12050 -B in  FIG. 121 ) takes up more space in the timeline region  12040  than a time increment without an alert event (e.g., the 3 AM increment between markers  12050 -M and  12050 -L in  FIG. 121 ). When there are multiple consecutive time increments that do not have alert events (e.g., the six one-hour increments between markers  12050 -B and  12050 -M,  FIGS. 121-124  an affordance (e.g., affordance  12084 ) for condensing or collapsing these increments into one increment equivalent in time (e.g., condense the six one-hour increments into a 6-hour increment corresponding to marker  12092 ,  FIG. 12K ) is displayed. In some implementations, the client device  504  determines whether there are multiple consecutive time increments without alert events. In response to a user interaction on the touch screen  12002  to activate the affordance (e.g., gesture  12086  on touchscreen display  12002  over affordance  12084 ,  FIG. 12J ), the consecutive increments are replaced in the timeline region  12040  with an equivalent increment (e.g., the six one-hour increments are replaced with a 6-hour increment corresponding to marker  12092 ,  FIG. 12K ). 
     In some implementations, while displaying the cumulative time increment, the electronic device displays in the second region a second affordance to expand the cumulative time increment into the plurality of consecutive time increments, detects a user interaction activating the second affordance, and in response to detecting the user interaction activating the second affordance, replaces display of the cumulative time increment with display of the plurality of consecutive time increments. For example, as shown in  FIG. 12K , while the equivalent increment is displayed as marker  12092 , an affordance  12088  to expand is displayed in the timeline region  12040  (e.g., in proximity to the equivalent increment in the timeline). In response to a user interaction on the touch screen  12002  to activate the affordance (e.g., a tap gesture on touchscreen display  12002  over affordance  12088 ), the equivalent increment is replaced in the timeline region  12040  with the consecutive increments (e.g., the 6-hour increment corresponding to marker  12092  is replaced with the six one-hour increments between markers  12050 -M and  12050 -B). 
     In some implementations, the electronic device displays in the second region a thumbnail associated with a first alert event indicator of the alert event indicators, where the thumbnail is displayed proximate to the first alert event indicator, and the thumbnail includes a frame from a recorded portion of the live video stream proximate in time to an alert event to which the first alert event indicator corresponds. One or more thumbnails (e.g., thumbnails  12116 ,  12118 ,  12120 ,  FIG. 12L ; thumbnails  12220 ,  12222 ,  12224 ,  FIG. 12M ) may be displayed in the timeline region  12040 . Each displayed thumbnail is associated with a respective alert event indicator and displayed in proximity to the associated alert event indicator (e.g., in  FIG. 12L , thumbnail  12116  is associated with alert event indicator  12108 ), and a thumbnail is visually linked to its associated alert event indicator by a line (e.g., thumbnail  12116  is linked to alert event indicator  12108  by line  12122 ). Each thumbnail includes a frame from a portion of the video feed proximate in time to the alert event of the associated alert event indicator. In some implementations, the frame in a thumbnail may be different from the frames in the extracted-frames video for the same time period. 
     In some implementations, the electronic device displays in the second region, for a predefined time increment unit on the timeline, up to a predefined number of thumbnails associated with respective alert event indicators. For example, for a one-hour increment in the timeline, there may be a limit of up to two thumbnails that may be displayed for alert event indicators in that one-hour increment. In some implementations, the limit is predefined (e.g., coded into the application). In some implementations, the limit scales based on the screen size (e.g., size of touch screen  12002 , which depends on the particular client device) and how much of the screen space is occupied by the timeline region  12040 . 
     In some implementations, the electronic device displays a time marker on the timeline. The client device  504  displays a time position marker  12048  in the timeline region  12040 . 
     In some implementations, the time displayed with the time position marker  12048  and optionally with the date indicator  12052  is the time closest to the time on the timeline corresponding to the pixel position of the time position marker  12048  relative to the timeline. For example, if there are 360 pixels between a 10-PM-and-11-PM increment, if the time position marker  12048  aligns with the 180th pixel, the time “10:30:00 PM” is displayed as the time marked by the time position marker  12048 . In some implementations, when the video feed is being played in the video region  12038 , the time displayed is the timestamp of the frame of the video feed being played. In some implementations, while the user is interacting with the timeline to move the timespan (e.g., manually scrolling the timeline with a gesture on the touch screen  12002 ), there is no relationship between the time displayed with the time position marker  12048  and the frame of the extracted-frames video being displayed in video region  12038 ; the pixel position of the time position marker  12048  relative to the timeline governs the time that is displayed with the time position marker  12048 . 
     In some implementations, in accordance with a determination that a time on the timeline marked by the time position marker  12048  corresponds to a respective alert event (e.g., the time position marker  12048  intersects with an alert event indicator) and the alert event is motion in a defined zone, the client device  504  highlights the defined zone while playing the portion of the video feed with the alert event. For example, in  FIG. 12H , zones  12078 ,  12090 , and  12082  are highlighted in the playing video feed in the video region  12038  when the time position marker  12048  intersects with alert event indicators  12054 ,  12056 , and  12058 . 
     In some implementations, the client device  504  requests frames of the extracted-frames video(s) from the server  508 / 552  as the user interacts with the timeline to move the timespan. The client device  504  may request frames from the server as needed or in blocks or intervals (e.g., 20-minutes blocks, one-hour blocks). In some implementations, frames of the extracted-frames video are requested based on a sliding window around the current manual scrolling position; the frames are decoded for display based on the sliding window as well. In some implementations, frames of the extracted-frames video are requested independently of the scrolling position (e.g., continuously or periodically requested and streamed to the client device). 
     In some implementations, when the video feed is playing in the video region  12038  (i.e., whenever the user is not interacting with the timeline to move the timespan and the video feed is not paused), the timespan moves along automatically; the timeline scrolls automatically as the video feed plays. The time position marker  12048 , based on its position relative to the timeline, acts as a position marker in the video feed. The frames displayed while the video feed is played are frames of the video feed. 
     In some implementations, the ordering of the linear paths/columns/sub-sections of alert event indicators in the timeline region  12040  correspond to the ordering of defined zones in the video feed. For example, if there are three zones in the video feed going in a certain order from left to right, the columns for the alert event indicators corresponding to these zones have the same relative order going from left to right within the timeline region  12040 . 
     In some implementations, a time increment with alert event(s) has a longer display length (e.g., the increment between markers  12050 -A and  12050 -B,  FIG. 12B ) in the timeline region  12040  than an increment without alert event(s) (e.g., the increment between markers  12050 -B and  12050 -C,  FIG. 12B ). 
     Example Screenshots 
       FIGS. 14A-14L  illustrate example screenshots of user interfaces on a client device in accordance with some implementations. In some implementations, the user interfaces depicted in  FIGS. 14A-14L  are user interfaces for a smart home application on a client device (e.g., client device  504 ), such as a smart phone or a tablet computer. 
       FIG. 14A  illustrates a user interface with a video region and a timeline in a timeline region. The flow of time in the timeline goes from top to bottom. The timeline is being manipulated by the user, and the time position marker is marking a time in the past that doesn&#39;t have an alert event. The 8-AM to 9-AM increment, which includes an alert event, occupies more display length than the 9-AM to 10-AM segment, which does not include an alert event. 
       FIG. 14B  illustrates the timeline being manipulated by the user, such that the time position marker is marking a time in the past with an alert event; the time position marker overlaps with an alert event indicator. The zone corresponding to the alert event is highlighted in the video. 
       FIG. 14C  illustrates the time position marker is marking a time in the past with multiple, concurrent alert events; the time position marker overlaps with multiple alert event indicators. The zones corresponding to the concurrent alert events are highlighted in the video. 
       FIG. 14D  illustrates the time position marker is marking the present time; the video is a live video stream. 
       FIG. 14E  illustrates an alert events summary, or “daily brief’ view, which includes the timeline in miniature and to the side, and a summary of alert events for a time period (e.g., the last 24 hours, the current calendar day, etc.). The summary of alert events is presented as one or more sets of thumbnails of portions of the video feed that correspond to alert events. Each set corresponds to a by event type (where motion in a zone may count as an individual type). Within a set, the video feed portion thumbnails may be ordered chronologically or by importance of the alert event as determined by the server system. In some implementations, this summary view may be activated by the client-side module  502  (e.g., event review interface module  82810 ) at the client device (e.g., client device  504 ) in response to activation of a predefined affordance in the user interface at the client device by a user. 
       FIG. 14F  illustrates a user interface with a video region and a timeline in a timeline region. The flow of time in the timeline goes from bottom to top. A “condense” affordance is displayed for a set of consecutive time increments without an alert event. 
       FIG. 14G  illustrates the consecutive time increments without an alert event collapsed into an equivalent time increment marker as a result of activation of the “condense” affordance. An “expand” affordance is displayed for the collapsed equivalent time increment. Activation of the “expand” affordance reverses the collapsing. 
       FIG. 14H  illustrates respective alert event indicators corresponding to respective alert events displayed on the timeline, and thumbnails of respective video portions corresponding to the respective alert events displayed adjacent to the corresponding alert event indicators. 
       FIG. 14I  illustrates another example alert events summary view, with video portions corresponding to alert events ordered chronologically. The videos are played one at a time as the summary view is scrolled up or down. 
       FIG. 14J  illustrates a video view in landscape orientation, with the timeline as an overlay on the right side. 
       FIG. 14K  illustrates a user interface with a video region and a timeline in a timeline region. In the timeline region, event thumbnails are displayed along with alert event indicators. Each displayed thumbnail is associated with an alert event indicator, and is connected to that alert event indicator visually by a line. There are multiple columns of alert event indicators, and with different colors for the alert event indicators of each column (e.g., alert event indicators of a first column are colored gray, alert event indicators of a second column are colored red, and alert event indicators of a third column are colored light green). 
       FIG. 14L  illustrates a user interface with a video region and a timeline in a timeline region. In the timeline region, event category icons, as well as alert event indicators and event thumbnails, are displayed. Each displayed event category icon is associated with an alert event indicator and optionally a displayed event thumbnail, and is connected to that alert event indicator (and the optionally associated event thumbnail) visually by a line. 
     Example Operating Environment 
       FIG. 15  illustrates an operating environment with a server system in communication with client devices and smart devices, in accordance with some implementations. The operating environment  1500  includes a server system  1501  that includes multiple modules. In some implementations, these modules may themselves be implemented as server systems. In some implementations, video server system  552  and/or hub device server system  508  are implemented as server system  1501 . In some implementations, operating environment  500  or  550  may be implemented in the form of operating environment  1500 . 
     In the operating environment  1500 , server system  1501  is communicatively coupled to one or more smart devices  1502  (e.g., smart devices  204 , including camera  118 ) and one or more client devices  1504  (e.g., client device  504 ) with a client side module  1506  (e.g., client side module  502 ). The communicative coupling may be through one or more networks (e.g., networks  162 ), not shown in  FIG. 15  for sake of convenience and brevity. The server system  1501  is remote from the smart device(s)  1502  and the client device(s)  1504 . The smart device(s)  1502  and the client device  1504  are associated with a user and the use&#39;s corresponding user account. 
     The camera  118 , when powered on and video capture is enabled, continuously captures video at a predetermined resolution (e.g., 1080P, 4K). In some implementations, the camera  118  also performs motion detection pre-processing and/or other pre-processing on the captured video. If the camera performs pre-processing on the video, the camera  118  generates metadata associated with the captured video in accordance with the pre-processing. 
     The camera  118  transmits the captured video (raw or pre-processed) and the metadata ( 15102 ) to the server system  1501 . Other smart devices  1502  (e.g., hazard detector, thermostat) also transmit metadata ( 15102 ) to the server system  1501 . The metadata transmitted by the other devices include information on detected alerts or events. 
     At the server system  1501 , the received video and metadata are received by a front end  1508 . The front end  1508  transmits the received captured video and metadata ( 15104 ) to the video processing and event notification system  1512  for further processing, and ( 15106 ) to the storage system  1514  (e.g., a database system) for storage. 
     The video processing and event notification system  1512  performs various processing on the video. The video processing and event notification system  1512  also processes the received metadata to identify alerts and events. The video processing and event notification system  1512  processes the video to further detect alerts and events, such as motion events, and to correlate events identified from the metadata to portions of the video. The video processing and event notification system  1512  also selects frames of the video for use in event thumbnails, and generates the thumbnails from the selected frames. The video processing and event notification system  1512  also generates event notifications, in accordance with the events information contained in the metadata and obtained from the video processing, and transmits the event notifications ( 15108 ) to the client device  1504 . Further, in some implementations, the video processing and event notification system  1512  identifies frames for extraction by the frame extraction and encoding system  1516  based on the events information. 
     In some implementations, the video processing and event notification system  1512  transmits the events information and the generated thumbnails ( 15110 ) to the storage database  1514  for storage. In some implementations, the video processing and event notification system  1512  also generates frames information based on the events information; the frames information indicates timestamps of frames to be extracted for use in the generation of extracted-frames videos. 
     In some implementations, for a given camera  118 , the captured video and corresponding metadata and event information that are stored in the storage system  1514  has a upper limit. What the upper limit is for the given camera  118  depends on whether the user account with which the camera  118  is associated includes a subscription to a video service with which the server system  1501  is associated. If the user account includes a subscription, the upper limit is higher than if the user account does not includes a subscription (e.g., the last 30 days with a subscription vs. the last 10 days without a subscription). 
     At the client device  1504 , when a user is viewing the timeline for the camera  118  in the client-side module  1506  without manual scrubbing, the front end  1508  transmits captured video retrieved ( 15106 ) from the storage system  1514 , and events information and event thumbnails obtained ( 15112 ) from the video processing and events notification system  1512  to the client  1504  ( 15114 ). 
     The frame extraction and encoding system  1516  extracts frames from the captured video and encodes the extracted frames into extracted-frames videos. The frame extraction and encoding system  1516  retrieves the captured video  15116  from storage system  1514  (or the front end  1518  transmits the captured video to the frame extraction and encoding system  1516  as well as to storage system  1514  and video processing and event notification system  1512 ), and extracts frames from the captured video. The frame extraction and encoding system  1516  generates extracted-frames video by encoding the extracted frames in a predetermined format (e.g., H.264) and stores the extracted-frames video in extracted-frames video storage system  1518  ( 15122 ). 
     In some implementations, the frame extraction and encoding system  1516  extracts frames from captured video (retrieved from storage system  1514 ) based on frames indicated by the video processing and event notification system  1512 . The frame extraction and encoding system  1516  requests frames information ( 15118 ) from the video processing and event notification system  1512 , and in response to the request, the video processing and event notification system  1512  transmits frames information ( 15120 ) to the frame extraction and encoding system  1516 . The frame extraction and encoding system  1516  extracts the frames from the captured video in accordance with the fames information and encodes the frames to generate the extracted-frames videos. 
     The client-side module  1506  makes a request for extracted-frames video ( 15124 ) to the server system  1501  through an application programming interface  1510 . In some implementations, the client-side module  1506  makes the request in response to a timeline scrolling input by a user. The front end  1508  transmits the request ( 15126 ) to the frame extraction and encoding system  1516 , which retrieves the extracted-frames video ( 15122 ) from the extracted-frames video storage  1518 , and transmits the extracted-frames video ( 15128 ) to the front end  1508 , which transmits the extracted-frames video ( 15130 ) to the client device  1504 . 
     In some implementations, the video processing and event notification system  1512  also selects frames from the video to serve as event thumbnails (e.g., event thumbnails  12116 ,  12118 ,  12120 ,  12220 ,  12222 ,  12224 ) for events. The video processing and event notification system  1512  processes the video and the metadata to identify event cuepoints and significant changes or transitions in the video, among other things. Based on identified cuepoints and significant changes, the video processing and event notification system  1512  selects, for an event, a frame to be a representative for the event, and generates the event thumbnail from the selected frame. 
     Frame Extraction and Encoding 
     As described above, the server system  1501  generates extracted-frames videos from the original video feeds. Extracted-frames video is displayed at the client device  1504  whenever a user is manually scrolling the timeline (including inertial scrolling stemming from manual scrolling, e.g., inertial scrolling from a swipe gesture), i.e., scrubbing the video feed, on the client device  1504 . When the user is not scrolling the timeline (i.e., the video is left to play back automatically), the captured video is played. 
       FIGS. 16A-16B  illustrate a flow diagram of an example process  1600  for generating extracted-frames video in accordance with some implementations. In some implementations, the process  1600  is implemented in operating environment  1500 . 
     The front end  1508  receives ( 1602 ) captured video and metadata from smart devices  1502 . The front end  1508  receives raw or pre-processed captured video from a camera  118 . The front end  1508  also receives event metadata from the camera  118  and other smart devices. The front end  1508  transmits ( 1604 ) the video and the metadata to the video processing and event notification system  1512  (hereinafter “video processing system” for convenience). The front end  1508  also transmits the video and optionally the metadata to a storage system  1514  for storage. 
     The video processing system  1512  receives ( 1606 ) captured video and metadata, and processes ( 1608 ) the video and the metadata. The video processing system  1512  analyzes the video to detect motion events (e.g., by determining cuepoints corresponding to motion events), and correlates portions of the video to events indicated in the metadata. 
     The video processing system  1512  generates ( 1610 ) frames information based on the processing of the video and the metadata. The video processing system  1512  generates frames information that identifies the frames for extraction in order to generate extracted-frames video. In some implementations, the frames information includes timestamps of the frames to be extracted. 
     In some implementations, blocks  1602 ,  1604 ,  1606 ,  1608 , and  1610  are repeated periodically as video and metadata is continuously received from smart devices  1502 . 
     The frame extraction and encoding system  1516  periodically requests ( 1612 ) frames information from the video processing system  1512 . For example, requests may be made every minute, in order to generate extracted-frames video that covers up to the current time. 
     The video processing system  1512  receives ( 1614 ) the request and transmits ( 1616 ) the frames information to the frame extraction and encoding system  1516 . The frame extraction and encoding system  1516  receives ( 1618 ) the frames information, and extracts ( 1620 ) frames from video retrieved from the storage system  1512  in accordance with the frames information. The frame extraction and encoding system  1516  encodes ( 1622 ) the extracted frames into extracted-frames video, which is stored in extracted-frames video storage system  1518 . 
       FIG. 17  illustrates a flow diagram of an example process  1700  for displaying extracted-frames video in accordance with some implementations. In some implementations, the process  1700  is implemented in operating environment  1500 . 
     The front end  1508  transmits ( 1702 ) video and events information to a client device  1504 . For example, a live video feed and events information for display in a timeline format is streamed to the client device  1504 . In some implementations, event thumbnails are also transmitted to the client device  1504 . 
     The client device  1504  receives ( 1704 ) the video and events information, and displays ( 1706 ) the video and a timeline. The video is played back, and a timeline is displayed in accordance with the events information (e.g., the timeline is populated with alert events indicators and optionally event thumbnails, as in  FIGS. 12B-12M ). 
     The client device  1504  makes ( 1708 ) a request to the front end  1508  for extracted-frames video. In some implementations, the request is made through an API  1510 . The request may be made periodically (e.g., every minute, every 20 minutes, every hour) and/or on-demand whenever user scrolling of the timeline is detected. In some implementations, the request is for the extracted-frames video for a certain time period or for a particular frame from the extracted-frames video for a certain time period. 
     The front end  1508  receives the request and transmits ( 1710 ) the request to the frame extraction and encoding system  1516 . The frame extraction and encoding system  1516  receives ( 1712 ) the request, retrieves the requested extracted-frames video from the extracted-frames video storage system  1518 , and transmits ( 1714 ) the retrieved video to the front end  1508 . The front end  1508  receives the video and transmits ( 1716 ) the video to the client device  1504 . The client device  1504  receives ( 1718 ) the extracted-frames video, and decodes and displays ( 1720 ) the extracted-frames video whenever the user scrolls the timeline. Extracted-frames video received by the client device  1504  may be cached (e.g., memory  806  as cached extracted-frames videos  836 ), so that multiple downloads of the same extracted-frames videos are reduced. 
       FIGS. 18A-18D  illustrate diagrams showing an example frame extraction arrangement for a video feed segment and a frames arrangement in the corresponding extracted-frames video, in accordance with some implementations. For a given camera  118 , extracted-frames video covering a predefined time period up to approximately the current time is stored in the extracted-frames video storage  1518 . In some implementations, the predefined time period is the last 24 hours. Thus, there is extracted-frames video corresponding to the last 24 hours of the video feed. 
     In some implementations, extracted-frames video is generated from the video feed in segments, of predefined time length, of the predefined time period. In some implementations, each segment is 20 minutes long. In some implementations, each segment is 1 hour long. 
       FIG. 18A  is a diagram illustrating the last 24 hours of a video feed  1800  divided into past segments  1802 - 12  through  1802 - n  and a live segment  1804 . Extracted-frames video is generated for each of these segments  1802  and  1804 . In some implementations, as captured video is continuously received from the camera  118 , an extracted-frames video for the live segment  1804  is generated and periodically updated (e.g., re-encoded with additional and possibly different frames in accordance with additional events information) until the extracted-frames video for the live segment  1804  covers the predefined segment time length. As the extracted-frames video for the live segment  1804  is periodically updated with new frames, the extracted-frames video for the live segment  1804  may have different frames minute-by-minute. When the extracted-frame video for the live segment covers the predefined segment time length, the extracted-frames video for the live segment  1804  is completed and becomes an extracted-frames video for a past segment  1802  (i.e., no longer updated); the live segments  1804  becomes the most recent past segment  1802 . A new extracted-frames video for a new live segment  1804  is generated. As an analogy, the extracted-frames video for the live segment  1804  may be thought of as a cup that starts empty and is periodically being filled with water. When the cup is completely filled, the cup is moved aside and no longer being filled, and a new empty cup takes its place. Thus, each of the extracted-frames videos for the past segments  1802  is an extracted-frames video for a previously live segment, where the extracted-frames video has since been “locked-in” once the live segment becomes a past segment. 
     In some implementations, the predefined segment length is 20 minutes; the extracted-frames videos corresponding to the past segments  1802  are each 20 minutes long, and the extracted-frames video corresponding to the live segment  1804  grows from 0 minutes long until 20 minutes long. In some implementations, the predefined segment length is 60 minutes; the extracted-frames videos corresponding to the past segments  1802  are each 60 minutes long, and the extracted-frames video corresponding to the live segment  1804  grows from 0 minutes long until 60 minutes long. 
     In some implementations, frames are extracted from the video feed, for encoding of extracted-frames video, at a predefined average rate. The predefined average rate is, for example, 20 frames per 20 minutes or 60 frames per 60 minutes. Thus, if there are no events, a frame is extracted from the original video per minute. 
     In some implementations, the predefined average rate of frame extraction described above is also the constant rate of frame extraction. In these implementations, frames are extracted at the rate regardless of whether a frame is in proximity to a detected event or not. Also, in these implementations, frame may be extracted without first requesting frames information from the video processing system  1512  since the extraction rate is a predefined constant. 
     In some implementations, frames are extracted at variable rates based on events detected in the video feed and by other smart devices  204 , such that more frames are extracted from the video feed in proximity to a detected event, while maintaining the predefined average rate. Thus, in proximity to an alert event (e.g., near a cuepoint), frames are extracted closer together. To maintain the average rate, frames are extracted farther apart in portions without alert events. 
       FIG. 18B  includes a diagram  1806  illustrating frames of a segment (e.g., segment  1802 - 2 ) of the video feed  1800  that are indicated for extraction. In diagram  1806 , cuepoints  1811  and  1813  were detected by the video processing system  1512 . For the segment  1802 - 2 , frame sets  1808 ,  1810 ,  1812 , and  1814  are indicated for extraction in frames information generated by the video processing system  1512 . The video processing system  1512  generates frames information that indicates the timestamps of each frame in the frame sets  1808 ,  1810 ,  1812 , and  1814  for extraction. Frame sets  1810  and  1814  are in proximity to cuepoints  1811  and  1813 , respectively, and thus the frames in those frame sets are closer together than the frames in frame sets  1808  and  1812 . The frames not in proximity to detected events/cuepoints may be extracted at the predefined average rate, or at a rate even less than the predefined average rate (for a smoother transition between frames not in proximity to an event/cuepoint to frames in proximity to an event/cuepoint, and vice versa). 
     In some implementations, the encoding is done using the H.264 format. It should be appreciated that other encoding formats are possible. 
     The extracted-frames video, when encoded using the H.264 format, includes a “group of pictures” (“GOP”).  FIG. 18C  includes a diagram illustrating a GOP  1816  for the extracted-frames video encoded from frames extracted from segment  1802 - 2  in accordance with the frame indications in diagram  1806 . The GOP  1816  includes an I-frame  1818  and P-frames  1820 . The frames indicated in diagram  1806  are encoded into either an I-frame or a P-frame. The I-frame  1818  may be any one of the indicated frames in diagram  1806 . The I-frame  1818  and P-frames  1820  follow the time spacing of the frame sets  1808 ,  1810 ,  1812 , and  1814  as shown in  FIG. 18B ; frames in proximity to a detected event/cuepoint are closer together than frames not in proximity to a detected event/cuepoint. In some implementations, a P-frame expresses a delta or a difference from the I-frame; higher compression rates may be achieved by encoding the extracted-frames video as including a reference frame (the I-frame) and deltas from the reference frame (the P-frames). 
     In some implementations, a GOP may have multiple I-frames, and the P-frames within the GOP refer to a different I-frame within the GOP depending on their respective positions within the GOP. In some implementations, a GOP has a single I-frame and the P-frames within the GOP refer to the single I-frame. 
       FIG. 18D  illustrates a set of extracted-frames videos  1850  corresponding to the last 24 hours of the video feed  1800  diagrammed in  FIG. 18A . The extracted-frames videos  1850  include static (i.e., no longer updated) extracted-frames videos  1852  corresponding to the past segments  1802  and dynamic (i.e., periodically updated until grown to the predefined segment time length) extracted-frames video  1852  corresponding to the live segment  1804 . Static extracted-frames video  1852 - 2  corresponds to segment  1802 - 2 ; static extracted-frames video  1852 - 2  includes the GOP  1816 . Similarly, the other static extracted-frames videos  1852  also include their respective GOPs, and the dynamic extracted-frames video  1854  also includes a GOP. Extracted-frames video  1854  is periodically re-encoded by the frame extraction and encoding system  1516  to include additional frames and possibly different frames until the length of the extracted-frames video  1854  has grown to the predefined segment time length. 
       FIG. 19  is a flow diagram illustrating a method  1900  of generating and transmitting video for viewing at a client device, in accordance with some implementations. In some implementations, the method  1900  is implemented at a server system  1501  in an operating environment  1500 . 
     The server system receives ( 1902 ) a video stream from a remote video camera, where the video stream comprises a plurality of video frames. The server system  1502  (e.g., the front end  1508 ) receives a video feed (e.g., captured video) from a camera  118 . The video feed includes many video frames (e.g., the video feed received is 1080P video at 24 frames per second). The server system  1501  also receives metadata from the camera  118  and other smart devices  1502 . 
     The server system selects ( 1904 ) a plurality of non-contiguous frames from the video stream, the plurality of non-contiguous frames being associated with a predetermined time interval. The video processing system  1512  processes the video feed and metadata to select and identify certain frames within a time interval (e.g., the interval corresponding to the current live segment  1804 ; the interval is predetermined at least to the extent that the interval has a predefined maximum length and the interval corresponds to a particular interval of actual time and date) for extraction. The frames are identified in accordance of an average rate of 1 frame per minute. Thus, at least some of the identified frames are non-contiguous, in that the identified frames are frames that do not immediately succeed one another in sequence in the video feed. The video processing system  1512  generates frames information with the selected and identified frames. 
     The server system encodes ( 1906 ) the plurality of non-contiguous frames as a compressed video segment associated with the time interval. The frame extraction and encoding system  1516  extracts the selected frames from the video feed and encodes the extracted frames, using a video compression format (e.g., H.264), into an extracted-frames video. In some implementations, the extracted-frames video has a lower resolution than the original video feed (e.g., 360P for the extracted-frames video vs. 1080P for the original video feed). In some implementations, the extracted-frames video has the same resolution than the original video feed. In some implementations, multiple versions of the extracted-frames video are encoded—one version with lower resolution than the original video feed and one with the same resolution as the original video feed. 
     The server system receives ( 1908 ) a request from an application running on a client device to review video from the remote video camera for the time interval. The front end  1508  receives a request from the client-side module  1506  of a client device  1504  for extracted-frames video associated with the camera  118  for the time interval. In some implementations, the request is made through an API  1510 . 
     In response to the request, the server system transmits ( 1910 ) the video segment to the client device for viewing in the application. The server system  1501  transmits the extracted-frames video to the client device  1504 , where the client-side module  1506  can decode the extracted-frames video for display in a user interface of the module. 
     In some implementations, the predetermined time interval has a length of one hour. In some implementations, the predetermined time interval has a length of twenty minutes. The extracted-frames video corresponds to a segment of the video feed with a predefined length of 20 minutes or an hour (or up to that predefined length if the segment is the live segment). 
     In some implementations, the non-contiguous frames are spaced evenly. If the frames are extracted at a constant rate (i.e., the frame selection does not take into account whether a frame is in proximity to a detected event/cuepoint), then the selected frames will be evenly spaced. 
     In some implementations, the non-contiguous frames are variably spaced in time, with frames in proximity to an event occurring in the video segment being spaced more closely than frames not in proximity to an event. The event may be a motion event detected in the video feed by the video processing system  1512  and/or camera  118  or an alert event such as hazard alarm as indicated in metadata transmitted by a smart device  1502 . Frames selected for extraction may be closer together if the frames are in proximity to a detected event/cuepoint (e.g., frame sets  1810  and  1814 ,  FIG. 18B ). 
     In some implementations, the server system, prior to the encoding, processes the video stream to identify events; and in accordance with the processing, identifies one or more events, identifies a first time interval that includes at least a portion of an identified event, and identifies a second time interval that does not include any of the identified events, where both the first time interval and the second time interval have the same length. The video processing system  1512  processes the video feed and the metadata to identify events associated with the video (e.g., motion events in the video). The identified events are correlated to segments of the video feed, and certain segments may have one or more events and other segments may have no events. 
     In some implementations, the server system, for the first time interval, encodes a first number of non-contiguous frames as a compressed video segment associated with the first time interval; and for the second time interval, encodes a second number of non-contiguous frames as a compressed video segment associated with the second time interval, where the second number is less than the first number. The frame extraction and encoding system  1516  encodes extracted-frames video for a segment with one or more events to include more frames than for a segment without an event. More generally, in some implementations, more frames are extracted from portions of the video feed with an alert event (e.g., in proximity to an event/cuepoint) than from portions with an alert event. Thus, the portion of the extracted-frames video corresponding to the video feed portion with the alert event will have more frames than the portion of the extracted-frames video corresponding to the video feed portion without the alert event. 
     In some implementations, the server system, for the first time interval, encodes a plurality of contiguous frames as a compressed video segment associated with the first time interval, and for the second time interval, encodes a plurality of non-contiguous frames as a compressed video segment associated with the second time interval. 
     In some implementations, the server system receives event information from one or more of: the remote video camera, and one or more smart devices, and identifying one or more events includes identifying one or more events in accordance with the processing and the received event information. The server system  1501  receives metadata from camera  118  and other smart devices  1502 . The metadata include information that indicates detected events or markers of events in the video or otherwise associated with the video (e.g., markers of detected motion in the video, alerts triggered). 
     In some implementations, the server system, prior to the encoding, receives event information from the remote video camera, wherein the event information is generated by the remote video camera processing the video stream. The camera  118  may pre-process the video feed to detect motion, and transmit metadata indicating the detected motion to the server system  1501 . 
     In some implementations, the server system, prior to the encoding, receives event information from one or more smart devices. Other smart devices  1502  in the operating environment  1500  transmit metadata indicating events (e.g., alerts triggered) to the server system  1501 . The metadata from the camera  118  and smart devices  1502  are used by the video processing system  1512  to detect and identify events and to correlate them with the video feed. 
     In some implementations, transmitting the video segment to the client device includes transmitting frames of the video segment, a plurality of frames of an immediately preceding video segment, and a plurality of frames of an immediately succeeding video segment. The extracted-frames video may be requested by the client module  1506  in sliding windows; wherever the marked time on the timeline is based on the user&#39;s scrolling of the timeline, the client module  1506  requests extracted-frames video frames for the marked time and some number of frames immediately before and some number for frames immediately after. In some implementations, the extracted-frames video is requested independently of the user&#39;s scrolling of the timeline. For example, the client device  1504  may periodically or continuously request frames of the extracted-frames video. 
     In some implementations, transmitting the video segment to the client device includes transmitting the frames corresponding to the video segment associated with the requested time interval. The extracted-frames video may be requested by the client module  1506  on demand; wherever the marked time on the timeline is based on the user&#39;s scrolling of the timeline, the client module  1506  requests extracted-frames video frames for the marked time as the user scrolls the timeline. 
     In some implementations, the video segment (e.g., the extracted-frames video) is encoded using a H.264 video compression format, and the encoded video segment includes I-frames and P-frames. In some implementations, the original video feed is also encoded using the H.264 video compression format; the original video feed also includes I-frames and P-frames. The server system, in response to a user ceasing to manually scrub through the video from the remote video camera at the client device, transmits an I-frame and P-frames of the original video feed to the client device for resumption of playback of the video feed at the client device; playback of the original video feed resumes from approximately the time corresponding to where the user ceased scrubbing on the timeline by decoding the nearest I-frame before that time and continuing from there. For extracted-frames videos, the server system transmits I-frames and P-frames of the extracted-frames video by request of the client device (e.g., in a sliding window around the scrubbing position or independently of the scrubbing position). As the user continues scrubbing the video feed, I-frames and P-frames of the extracted-frames video are decoded for display. In some implementations, when scrubbing is stopped, an I-frame of the extracted-frames video that is close in time to an I-frame of the original video feed is displayed in the video region  12038  before playback of the video feed resumes, so that playback of the video feed can be smoothly resumed from the last shown scrubbing position. 
     In some implementations, if the frame for the marked time is a P-frame, the corresponding I-frame may be transmitted also since I-frame is needed for decoding of the P-frame. 
     In some implementations, frames in the extracted-frames video are encoded in reverse chronological order (i.e., from more recent to less recent). For example, in an extracted-frames video that is encoded in reverse order, the frame closest to the present time is encoded as an I-frame, and frames preceding that frame in time are encoded in the reverse chronological order as P-frames. In this way, the ordering of the I-frames and P-frames in the extracted-frames video is consistent with backwards-in-time scrubbing by a user, which may reduce the number of requests for frames in the extracted-frames video whenever the user scrubs backwards in time. 
     In some implementations, when the user scrubs the timeline, the initial extracted-frames video frame(s) that are requested and displayed in the video region  12038  to the user depends on the direction of the user scrubbing. The frames requested are behind the direction of the user scrubbing. For example, if the scrubbing is going forward in time, the frames requested are a sequence of frames nearest to the scrubbing position that are backwards in time from to the scrubbing position. If the scrubbing is going backwards in time, the frames requested are a sequence of frames nearest to the scrubbing position that are forward in time from to the scrubbing position. 
     As described above, the video processing system  1512  processes the video feed and received metadata to detect and identify events (e.g., cuepoints in the video feed indicative of events). Using the information on the detected events, the video processing system  1512  selects and identifies frames of the video feed for extraction by the frame extraction and encoding system  1516 , as well as selecting frames from which event thumbnails are generated. In some implementations, the processing performed by the video processing system  1512  includes detecting specifically persons (e.g., detecting faces) and detecting particular objects, as well as detecting anomalies between frames. Individual frames may be scored based on these detections. Based on the scores, cuepoints and event thumbnail frames are identified. 
     In some implementations, frames that are extracted for encoding into extracted-frames video are I-frames in the original video feed (which in some implementations is also encoded in accordance with the H.264 format and thus includes I-frames and P-frames), and P-frames in the video feed are excluded from the extraction and encoding of the extracted-frames video. When the user stops scrubbing (e.g., ceases the scrubbing input), the video feed resumes playback from the video feed I-frame that was displayed as an extracted-frames video frame when the scrubbing ceased. In this way, resumption of video feed playback from a stop in the scrubbing is smoother. 
     In some implementations, the I-frames of the video feed are identified by the server system  508 / 552 / 1501  (e.g., video processing and event notification system  1512 ) for extraction by the frame extraction and encoding system  1516 . The I-frames of the video feed are scored in isolation by the video processing and event notification system  1512  based on one or more criteria (e.g., detection of person, detection of object of interest, detection of motion, position of the person/object/motion in the frame, etc.). When frames are requested for extraction, the I-frames are identified for extraction based multiple criteria. In some implementations, the criteria for identifying frames for extraction include, in order of priority, (1) the best scoring I-frames, (2) even spacing (i.e., constant frame extraction rate), and (3) coverage of alert events/cuepoints (e.g., each alert event/cuepoint has at least one frame identified for extraction). In some implementations, the even spacing criterion may be traded off for higher frame rate in proximity or around an alert event/cuepoint. 
     In some implementations, the identification of frames for extraction is performed using a greedy algorithm that optimizes the identified frames under one or more constraints. In some implementations, the constraints include minimum delta between frame times (two frames has to be at least a certain amount of time apart), minimizing gaps between frames, maximizing quality (e.g., best scoring), selecting frames from cuepoints, and choosing available frames. 
     In some implementations, a thumbnail is cropped and zoomed-in to focus on content of interest in the thumbnail. Frames of the video feed may be scored based on detection of faces, persons, and objects of interest in the frames. The server system  508 / 552 / 1501  (e.g., a frame scoring module within the video server  554 , not shown, event detection module  7306 ) scores frames of the video feed on faces, persons, and objects of interest detected in the frames. This may include detecting the face, person, or object in a frame, determining a bounding box around the face/person/object, and scoring the bounding box. The best scoring frame for an alert event is selected by the server system  508 / 552  for use as the thumbnail to be displayed with the corresponding alert event indicator, and the thumbnail may be cropped and zoomed-in to focus on the bounding box. 
     As described above, in some implementations, there is a limit to how many thumbnails can be displayed for alert event indicators (e.g., up to two thumbnails per one-hour increment on the timeline). Alert events/cuepoints may be scored for importance by the server system  508 / 552 / 1501  based on one or more criteria, and thumbnails are displayed for the alert event indicators for the highest-importance alert events in accordance with the limit to how many thumbnails can be displayed. In this way, the user can see in the timeline visualizations of the highest-importance alert events. In some implementations, importance of alert events/cuepoints may also be used for the issuance of alert event notifications (e.g., emphasize notifying on alert events with high importance). 
     In some implementations, the criteria for determining or scoring importance include one or more of:
         recent importance scores (e.g., a cuepoint is less important if a recent cuepoint was important);   likelihood (e.g., how rare is a cuepoint at this time of the week);   face/person/object detected;   anomaly (e.g., how rare are appearances of persons for this device or camera view);   motion probability (e.g., how much motion there was, likelihood the detected motion is a true positive, confidence that the detected motion is a true positive);   whether a notification or alert was sent for the alert event;   user implicit feedback (e.g., more scrubbing and other interaction on certain cuepoints vs. others); and   user explicit feedback.       

     In some implementations, the server system  508 / 552 / 1501  has (e.g., in memory  722 ) profiles of cameras  118 . The profile of a camera  118  includes an aggregation of historical data for the camera  118 , including historical data for detection of persons and activity (e.g., motion), amount of activity, and time of activity. When scoring an alert event or cuepoint in video captured by the camera  118 , the alert event or cuepoint may be compared to the profile to determine whether a person or activity is anomalous, and the alert event/cuepoint is scored accordingly. For example, if the profile for a camera  118  indicates that persons rarely enter into the view of the camera  118 , then a person detected in a cuepoint may be determined to be anomalous. 
     In some implementations, a thumbnail is guaranteed to be displayed for certain types of alert events. For example, a hazard event (e.g., smoke, carbon monoxide) in the timeline may be guaranteed to have a thumbnail. In accordance with the limit on the number of thumbnails in a time increment, the guaranteed thumbnail may be displayed at the expense of a thumbnail for an alert event/cuepoint that was otherwise scored highly. Similar thumbnail guarantee priority may be assigned by device in the operating environment (e.g., to a particular camera  118 , to a particular smart device). In some implementations, the thumbnail guarantee priority (whether it be by alert event type or by device) is configurable by the user. 
     In some implementations, in the timeline region  12040 , the position, on the timeline, of a line connecting a thumbnail to an alert event indicator corresponds to a cuepoint associated with the alert event indicator. In some implementations, a thumbnail that is displayed in the timeline region  12040  may be displayed in a manner such that the thumbnail is centered (vertically if the timeline is vertical, horizontally if the timeline is horizontal) about a cuepoint (e.g., the line connecting the thumbnail to an associated alert event indicator). For example, in  FIG. 12L , the position of the line  12122  on the timeline corresponds to a cuepoint, and the thumbnail  12116  is vertically centered about the line  12122  (i.e., the line  12122  and the vertical center of the thumbnail  12116  are aligned). As another example, in  FIG. 12M , the position of the line  12238  on the timeline corresponds to a cuepoint, and the thumbnail  12220  is vertically centered about the line  12238  (i.e., the line  12238  and the vertical center of the thumbnail  12220  are aligned). 
     In some implementations, one or more of the thumbnails may be displayed in a manner such that they are not centered about their associated cuepoints (e.g., in  FIG. 12M , line  12240  and the vertical center of thumbnail  12222  are not aligned), while the locations of the cuepoints are maintained. In this way, the likelihood of displayed thumbnails overlapping with each other due to the centering and other factors, such as screen size constraints and the density of cuepoints on the timeline, is reduced. The client device  504  (e.g., the client module  502 ) may use any of multiple strategies to adjust the centering (and/or other positioning parameters) of the thumbnails in the timeline region  12040  to reduce the likelihood of thumbnail overlap. For example, in some implementations, the client device  504  may maximize the number of thumbnails that are centered, and minimize the number of thumbnails that are not centered. In some implementations, the client device  504  may maximize the number of thumbnails that are centered and located at the edges of the screen or of the timeline region  12040 , while allowing thumbnails in the middle of the screen or of the timeline region  12040  to float (e.g., be not centered). In some implementations, the client device  504  may adjust the positioning of the thumbnails so that they are equally spaced from one another regardless of whether they are centered. In some implementations, the client device  504  may optimize the positions of the thumbnails so that the thumbnails are equally spaced and are centered. 
     In some implementations, the detection of alert events/cuepoints includes generating a confidence level that expresses a measure of confidence that the detected event, motion, person, object, etc. is a true positive (e.g., for person detection, the confidence level expresses a measure of how confident the video processing system  1512  is that the detected person is detected correctly). The confidence level may be a criterion in the score for determining cuepoint importance. 
     In some implementations, a notification of an alert event includes an indication of the confidence level of detection of the alert event. For example, if the event is that a person is in the room, and the confidence level is very high (e.g., 99-100%), the notification may say “person in room,” and if the confidence is lower (e.g., 80%), the notification may say “person may be in room.” 
     It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. are, in some instances, used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first user interface could be termed a second user interface, and, similarly, a second user interface could be termed a first user interface, without departing from the scope of the various described implementations. The first user interface and the second user interface are both types of user interfaces, but they are not the same user interface. 
     The terminology used in the description of the various described implementations herein is for the purpose of describing particular implementations only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described implementations and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     As used herein, the term “if’ is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting” or “in accordance with a determination that,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in accordance with a determination that [a stated condition or event] is detected,” depending on the context. 
     It is to be appreciated that “smart home environments” may refer to smart environments for homes such as a single-family house, but the scope of the present teachings is not so limited. The present teachings are also applicable, without limitation, to duplexes, townhomes, multi-unit apartment buildings, hotels, retail stores, office buildings, industrial buildings, and more generally any living space or work space. 
     It is also to be appreciated that while the terms user, customer, installer, homeowner, occupant, guest, tenant, landlord, repair person, and the like may be used to refer to the person or persons acting in the context of some particularly situations described herein, these references do not limit the scope of the present teachings with respect to the person or persons who are performing such actions. Thus, for example, the terms user, customer, purchaser, installer, subscriber, and homeowner may often refer to the same person in the case of a single-family residential dwelling, because the head of the household is often the person who makes the purchasing decision, buys the unit, and installs and configures the unit, and is also one of the users of the unit. However, in other scenarios, such as a landlord-tenant environment, the customer may be the landlord with respect to purchasing the unit, the installer may be a local apartment supervisor, a first user may be the tenant, and a second user may again be the landlord with respect to remote control functionality. Importantly, while the identity of the person performing the action may be germane to a particular advantage provided by one or more of the implementations, such identity should not be construed in the descriptions that follow as necessarily limiting the scope of the present teachings to those particular individuals having those particular identities. 
     For situations in which the systems discussed above collect information about users, the users may be provided with an opportunity to opt in/out of programs or features that may collect personal information (e.g., information about a user&#39;s preferences or usage of a smart device). In addition, in some implementations, certain data may be anonymized in one or more ways before it is stored or used, so that personally identifiable information is removed. For example, a user&#39;s identity may be anonymized so that the personally identifiable information cannot be determined for or associated with the user, and so that user preferences or user interactions are generalized (for example, generalized based on user demographics) rather than associated with a particular user. 
     Although some of various drawings illustrate a number of logical stages in a particular order, stages that are not order dependent may be reordered and other stages may be combined or broken out. While some reordering or other groupings are specifically mentioned, others will be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art, so the ordering and groupings presented herein are not an exhaustive list of alternatives. Moreover, it should be recognized that the stages could be implemented in hardware, firmware, software or any combination thereof. 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific implementations. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the claims to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The implementations were chosen in order to best explain the principles underlying the claims and their practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best use the implementations with various modifications as are suited to the particular uses contemplated.