Patent Publication Number: US-5897-P

Title: Strawberry Jewel

Description:
SUMMARY 
     This invention is a new and distinct variety of strawberry (Fragaria×Ananassa) which is exceptional for its very attractive large fruit, all-around performance and good fruit quality. 
     ORIGIN 
     This new cultivar was developed by the small fruits breeding program of the Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, N.Y. The cross was N.Y. 1221×`Holiday`, which was made in 1969. The specific clone was the sole selection of 292 seedlings from the cross and was selected in June 1971. It has been extensively tested under the number N.Y. 1324. In the fall of 1985, N.Y. 1324 will be named `Jewel`. ##STR1## 
     DESCRIPTION 
     N.Y. 1324 has a moderately vigorous plant growth habit. The trifoliate leaves are borne on erect to semierect moderately stout petioles. The petioles are covered with a moderately dense coating of hairs which are generally perpendicular to the petiole epidermis or tending to tilt slightly toward the apical end. The leaflet shape is generally oval to round with approximately straight edges at the base subtending an obtuse angle. Leaflet margins are coarsely toothed. Leaflet upper epidermis is smooth, slightly ridged between lateral veins, dark green and lightly populated with hairs. The lower epidermis is smooth and light green with few hairs. 
     N.Y. 1324 spreads by means of runners of moderate vigor and number, producing a matted row of medium plant density when that cultural method is used. It also appears well adapted to ribbon-row culture. Propagation is by means of the runner plants and by tissue culture. N.Y. 1324 is adapted to the Northeastern, Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the United States. It is a hardy and consistent-cropping cultivar resistant to mildew and leaf spot but susceptible to verticillium wilt and red stele. 
     The fruit of N.Y. 1324 ripens in mid-to-late-midseason. The primary and secondary berries are medium to large, bright red, glossy and blunt-conic to oblate in shape. Tertiary and quarternary berries are smaller and mostly round. Seeds are yellow and set flush with, or slightly raised above, the berry surface. The calyx is medium to large in size, attractive, medium green in color, slightly reflexed and set into a slightly depressed basal surface of the berry. The berry skin is better than average in abrasion resistance. The flesh is slightly firmer than average. The berry color is a bright red, corresponding to Red 46A of The Royal Horticultural Society (London) Colour Chart. The flavor is moderately sweet and slightly acid with some of the aromatic quality of its parent, `Holiday`. Picking ease is good, with the pedicel tending to snap cleanly a short distance below the calyx. 
     Table 1 sets forth mean maturity dates based on a 1982 field trial. Traditional cultivars are underlined. Mean date of harvest was calculated on a weighted basis. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different, based on Waller and Duncan&#39;s BSD test, K=100. 
     Table 2 sets forth mean subjective fruit skin toughness scores. Traditional cultivars are underlined. Skin toughness was subjectively determined by rubbing the skin of several berries in the hand from each replicate of each genotype. Each plot at each harvest (replicate) was scored independently. Each genotype was rated 1 to 9 with `9` being most resistant to skin abrasion. 
     Table 3 sets forth mean Instron measurements from 1982 (firmest fruit listed first). Traditional cultivars are underlined. Each genotype mean score reflects the force required for the Instron probe to penetrate the flesh of undamaged berries. Twelve berries were tested of each genotype on the same day of harvest for each harvest date. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different, based on Waller and Duncan&#39;s BSD test, K=100. 
     Table 4 sets forth mean berry weight of 29 strawberry genotypes based upon 1982 field trials. Traditional cultivars are underlined. Mean berry weight was determined by dividing total yield per plot by total number of berries per plot. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different based on Waller and Duncan&#39;s BDS test, K=100. 
     Table 5 sets forth mean subjective fruit appearance scores. Traditional cultivars are underlined. Berries were rated 1 to 9 with `9` being the most attractive. Each plot at each harvest (replicate) was scored independently. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different, based upon Waller and Duncan&#39;s BSD test, K=100. 
     Table 6 sets forth mean subjective flavor scores. Traditional cultivars are underlined. Berries were rated 1 to 9 with `9` being best flavor. Each plot at each harvest (replicate) was scored independently. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different, based on Waller and Duncan&#39;s BSD test, K=100. 
     Table 7 sets forth fruit rot incidence on strawberry cultivars and selections tested in 1978. Shown is the combined score for all rots (Botrytis, soft rots and white mold). Data supplied by Dr. H. S. Aldwinckle, Department of Plant Pathology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station. 
     
                       TABLE 1                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Mean maturity date of NY 1324 vs. other cultivars.                        
Gentoype     Mean Weighted Date of Harvest.sup.1                          
______________________________________                                    
`Earlidawn`  June 23   A                                                  
`Midland`    June 24   AB                                                 
NY 1402      June 25   ABC                                                
MDUS 4380    June 26   BCD                                                
`Lester`     June 26   BCD                                                
MDUS 4355    June 26   BCD                                                
NY 1524      June 26   BCD                                                
MDUS 4774    June 26   BCD                                                
`Catskill`   June 27   CDE                                                
NY 1560      June 27   CDEF                                               
`Honeoye`    June 28   DEFG                                               
`Holiday`    June 28   DEFG                                               
NY 1530      June 28   DEFG                                               
MDUS 4579    June 28   DEFGH                                              
`Raitan`     June 28   DEFGHI                                             
NY 1570      June 29   EFGHIJ                                             
NY 1333      June 29   FGHIJK                                             
MDUS 4426    June 29   FGHIJK                                             
NY 1324 - `Jewel`                                                         
             June 30   GHIJKL                                             
NY 1529      July 1    HIJKLM                                             
NY 1368      July 1    HIJKLMN                                            
NY 1431      July 1    IJKLMN                                             
NY 1406      July 1    IJKLMN                                             
NY 1580      July 1    JKLMN                                              
`Allstar`    July 1    JKLMN                                              
`Canoga`     July 2    KLMN                                               
`Scott`      July 2    LMN                                                
`Sparkle`    July 3    MN                                                 
NY 1482      July 4    N                                                  
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                       TABLE 2                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Mean subjective fruit skin toughness scores for NY 1324                   
and other cultivars.                                                      
Treatment  Replicates   Mean Score*                                       
______________________________________                                    
NY 1524    6            7.7 A                                             
NY 1529    5            7.6 AB                                            
NY 1324 - `Jewel`                                                         
           5            7.4 AB                                            
NY 1530    6            7.2 ABC                                           
MDUS 4426  5            7.0 ABCD                                          
NY 1368    5            6.8 ABCDE                                         
MDUS 4579  5            6.8 ABCDE                                         
`Holiday`  8            6.8 ABCDE                                         
NY 1580    3            6.7 ABCDEF                                        
`Canoga`   4            6.5 ABCDEF                                        
`Scott`    8            6.5 BCDEF                                         
`Lester`   7            6.3 BCDEF                                         
`Allstar`  4            6.2 BCDEFG                                        
NY 1333    5            6.0 CDEFG                                         
NY 1406    9            5.9 DEFG                                          
MDUS 4355  6            5.8 DEFG                                          
MDUS 4774  5            5.6 EFGH                                          
NY 1482    4            5.5 EFGHI                                         
NY 1560    4            5.3 FGHI                                          
NY 1402    5            5.2 FGHI                                          
NY 1431    5            5.2 FGHI                                          
`Raritan`  7            5.0 GHI                                           
`Honeoye`  7            4.5 HIJ                                           
MDUS 4380  6            4.3 IJK                                           
`Sparkle`  5            3.8 JK                                            
`Earlidawn`                                                               
           8            3.7 JK                                            
Midland    7            3.0 K                                             
NY 1570    1            2.0 KL                                            
`Catskill` 7            1.1 L                                             
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                       TABLE 3                                                     
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Mean firmness measurements for NY 1324 and other cultivars.               
                  Mean puncture force                                     
Genotype          (daltons)*                                              
______________________________________                                    
NY 1570           65.8 A                                                  
NY 1529           62.7 A                                                  
MDUS 4579         57.6 A                                                  
MDUS 4774         56.4 A                                                  
NY 1524           53.9 AB                                                 
NY 1530           46.9BC                                                  
NY 1580           46.7BC                                                  
NY 1560           46.1BCD                                                 
`Holiday`         45.7CD                                                  
`Canoga`          44.7CDE                                                 
MDUS 4426         44.2CDE                                                 
`Allstar`         39.3CDEF                                                
NY 1431           38.3DEFG                                                
`Scott`           37.6EFGH                                                
NY 1406           35.9FGHI                                                
NY 1324 - `Jewel` 33.5FGHIJ                                               
NY 1402           32.5FGHIJ                                               
NY 1333           30.8GHIJ                                                
NY 1482           30.1GHIJK                                               
MDUS 4380         30.0HIJK                                                
`Honeoye`         28.8IJK                                                 
MDUS 4355         28.7IJK                                                 
`Lester`          28.6IJK                                                 
`Midland`         27.1JKL                                                 
NY 1368           27.1JKL                                                 
`Raritan`         25.9JKL                                                 
`Earlidawn`       25.6JKL                                                 
`Sparkle`         22.0KL                                                  
`Catskill`        19.9L                                                   
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                       TABLE 4                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Mean berry weight for NY 1324 and other cultivars                         
Genotype          Grams/berry*                                            
______________________________________                                    
NY 1524           14.4 A                                                  
`Canoga`          13.7 AB                                                 
`Allstar`         13.6 AB                                                 
NY 1333           13.5 ABC                                                
MDUS 4426         13.4 ABC                                                
NY 1431           12.6 ABCD                                               
NY 1482           12.5 ABCD                                               
NY 1529           11.8 BCDE                                               
NY 1570           11.5 CDEF                                               
NY 1324 - `Jewel` 11.3 DEFG                                               
`Lester`          11.2 DEFG                                               
NY 1580           11.2 DEFG                                               
NY 1406           10.9 DEFGH                                              
NY 1368           10.8 DEFGHI                                             
`Holiday`         10.7 DEFGHIJ                                            
NY 1560           10.5 EFGHIJK                                            
MDUS 4579         10.2 EFGHIJKL                                           
`Honeoye`         10.0 EFGHIJKL                                           
MDUS 4380         10.0 EFGHIJKL                                           
NY 1402           10.0 EFGHIJKL                                           
MDUS 4774         9.7 FGHIJKL                                             
`Raritan`         9.3 GHIJKL                                              
`Scott`           9.1 HIJKL                                               
MDUS 4355         9.0 HIJKL                                               
`Catskill`        8.9 HIJKL                                               
NY 1530           8.8 IJKL                                                
`Midland`         8.7 JKL                                                 
`Sparkle`         8.6 KL                                                  
`Earlidawn`       8.3 L                                                   
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                       TABLE 5                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Mean fruit appearance scores for NY 1324 and other cultivars.             
Genotype     Replicates   Mean Score*                                     
______________________________________                                    
NY 1333      5            7.6 A                                           
`Lester`     7            7.3 AB                                          
NY 1324 - `Jewel`                                                         
             5            6.8 ABC                                         
NY 1524      6            6.5 ABCD                                        
NY 1530      6            6.3 ABCD                                        
MDUS 4355    6            6.3 ABCDE                                       
`Honeoye`    7            6.3 ABCDE                                       
NY 1529      5            6.2 ABCDEF                                      
MDUS 4380    6            6.2 BCDEF                                       
`Scott`      8            6.1 BCDEF                                       
NY 1368      5            6.0 BCDEF                                       
NY 1560      4            5.8 CDEF                                        
`Raritan`    7            5.7 CDEFG                                       
`Allstar`    4            5.5 CDEFG                                       
`Canoga`     4            5.5 CDEFG                                       
`Holiday`    8            5.5 CDEFG                                       
NY 1431      5            5.4 CDEFG                                       
NY 1530      3            5.3 CDEFG                                       
NY 1482      4            5.3 DEFG                                        
NY 1402      5            5.0 EFG                                         
NY 1406      9            4.9 FG                                          
MDUS 4774    5            4.8 FG                                          
`Earlidawn`  8            4.6 G                                           
MDUS 4426    5            4.2 G                                           
MDUS 4579    5            4.0 G                                           
`Midland`    7            4.0 G                                           
`Sparkle`    5            3.4 G                                           
NY 1570      2            3.0 GH                                          
`Catskill`   7            1.9 H                                           
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                       TABLE 6                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Mean flavor scores for NY 1324 and other cultivars.                       
Treatment     Replicates    Mean Score*                                   
______________________________________                                    
`Lester`      7             6.3 A                                         
NY 1570       2             6.0 AB                                        
NY 1529       5             6.0 AB                                        
NY 1324 - `Jewel`                                                         
              5             5.8 AB                                        
`Holiday`     8             5.8 AB                                        
NY 1368       5             5.6 AB                                        
NY 1560       4             5.5 AB                                        
`Sparkle`     5             5.4 AB                                        
NY 1524       6             5.3 AB                                        
`Raritan`     7             5.3 AB                                        
`Honeoye`     7             5.1 AB                                        
`Allstar`     4             5.0 AB                                        
`Canoga`      4             5.0 AB                                        
MDUS 4380     6             5.0 AB                                        
`Scott`       8             4.9 AB                                        
NY 1530       6             4.8 AB                                        
MDUS 4355     6             4.8 AB                                        
MDUS 4426     5             4.8 AB                                        
NY 1333       5             4.8 AB                                        
NY 1431       5             4.8 AB                                        
NY 1580       3             4.7 AB                                        
MDUS 4774     5             4.6B                                          
NY 1402       5             4.6B                                          
`Midland`     7             4.4B                                          
NY 1406       9             4.2B                                          
NY 1482       4             4.0B                                          
`Catskill`    7             4.0B                                          
MDUS 4579     5             3.8B                                          
`Earlidawn`   8             3.8B                                          
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                       TABLE 7                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Mean fruit rot scores for NY 1324 and other cultivars.                    
                Mean Number                                               
Cultivar or Selection                                                     
                Rotted Per 12 Reps.                                       
______________________________________                                    
Earlidawn       11.7 A        3                                           
NY 1476         11.2 A        5                                           
NY 1402         11.2 A        5                                           
Vibrant         10.6 AB       5                                           
Veestar         10.6 AB       5                                           
NY 1477         10.4 AB       5                                           
NY 1515         10.0 ABC      3                                           
NY 1531          9.8 ABC      5                                           
NY 1530          9.8 ABC      5                                           
NY 1415          9.8 ABC      5                                           
NY 1287          9.8 ABC      5                                           
NY 1475          9.4 ABCD     5                                           
V6747R6          9.4 ABCD     5                                           
Holiday          9.4 ABCD     5                                           
MD 4359 (Lester)                                                          
                 9.2 ABCDE    5                                           
NY 1529          9.0 ABCDEF   5                                           
NY 1527          9.0 ABCDEF   4                                           
NY 1261          9.0 ABCDEF   5                                           
Surecrop         9.0 ABCDEF   5                                           
NY 1366          8.0 ABCDEFG  3                                           
NY 1264           8.0BCDEFG   4                                           
Tenira            7.4CDEFG    5                                           
NY 1285           7.2CDEFGH   5                                           
NY 1524           7.0CDEFGH   3                                           
NY 1431           7.0CDEFGH   5                                           
NY 1368           7.0CDEFGH   5                                           
NY 1333           6.8CDEFGH   5                                           
NY 1362 (Canoga)                                                          
                  6.6DEFGH    5                                           
NY 1384          6.4EFGH      5                                           
Guardian          6.2FGH      5                                           
NY 1324 - `Jewel`                                                         
                  5.8GH       5                                           
NY 1406           5.2GH       5                                           
NY 1404           4.8GH       5                                           
NY 1409 (Honeoye)                                                         
                  4,4H        5                                           
______________________________________                                    
 Combined score for all rots (Botrytis, soft rots, and white mold). Data  
 supplied by Dr. H. S. Aldwinckle, Department of Plant Pathology, New York
 State Agricultural Experiment Station.                                   
 
    
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF PHOTOGRAPHS 
     The following describes the accompanying photographs, documenting the unique features characterizing this new culture. 
     FIG. 1. Ribbon-row of `Jewel` in second year from planting. Plot is a single line of plants spaced 6&#34; apart in the row and all runners kept removed. 
     FIG. 2. Fruit of `Jewel` in a one-quart box. Note size of fruit, wedge-conic shape and glossy, attractive appearance. 
     FIG. 3. Comparison of the fruit of `Jewel` with the corresponding color from The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart. 
    
    
     MERITS 
     The most outstanding feature of N.Y. 1324 is its well-balanced, all-around performance. It combines good fruit size (Table 4), attractiveness (Table 5), quality (Table 6), tough skin (Table 2) and moderately firm flesh (Table 3). In addition, the fruit of N.Y. 1324 are better than average in resistance to various fruit rots (Table 7). Also, N.Y. 1324 has consistently been rated above most other cultivars in frozen fruit taste panel trials. 
     The plants of N.Y. 1324 have good hardiness and wide regional adaptation. Thirteen of sixteen cooperative testers from different regions rated N.Y. 1324 as above-average to outstanding for all of the following traits: yield, flavor, fruit size, appearance, firmness, keeping quality and foliar disease resistance.