Patent Publication Number: US-2023163475-A1

Title: Electronic device including antenna

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/KR2022/095136 designating the United States, filed on Oct. 19, 2022, in the Korean Intellectual Property Receiving Office and claiming priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0161047, filed on Nov. 22, 2021, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, and to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0001626, filed on Jan. 5, 2022, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosures of all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Field 
     The disclosure relates to an electronic device including an antenna. 
     Description of Related Art 
     In line with development of wireless communication technologies, electronic devices (for example, electronic devices for communication) have been widely used in daily life, and content usage has exponentially increased accordingly. Network capacities have gradually reached limitations as a result of such an increase in content usage. In order to satisfy the demand for wireless data traffic that has been increasing since commercialization of 4 th  generation (4G) communication systems, there has been research regarding a communication system (for example, 5 th  generation (5G), pre-5G communication system, or new radio (NR)) for transmitting and/or receiving signals using frequencies in a high-frequency band (for example, mmWave band (for example, about 20 GHz or higher), about 3 GHz-300 GHz band). 
     An electronic device may include an antenna capable of transmitting and/or receiving signals using frequencies in a high-frequency band (for example, mmWave band, about 3 GHz-300-GHz, band, super-high-frequency band). Antennas (for example, antenna modules) have been developed to have efficient mounting structures for overcoming high levels of free space loss and improving the gain, in view of characteristics of high-frequency bands, and in various types conforming thereto. For example, antennas may include array antennas having various numbers of antenna elements (for example, conductive patches and/or conductive patterns) disposed at an interval on a dielectric structure (for example, substrate). 
     An electronic device may include a wireless communication circuit (for example, radio frequency front end (RFFE)) for transmitting and/or receiving signals substantially simultaneously through multiple antenna elements included in an array antenna. The wireless communication circuit may include multiple amplification circuits (for example, power amplifier (PA) and/or low noise amplifier (LNA) and/or multiple frequency conversion devices (for example, mixer and/or phase lock loop (PLL)) in order to transmit and/or receive signals through respective antenna elements. The wireless communication circuit (for example, RFFE) may require a relatively larger physical area in proportion to the complexity of the structure thereof. 
     When a signal is transferred from the wireless communication circuit to the antenna elements included in the array antenna, loss may increase in proportion to the distance between the wireless communication circuit and the antenna elements. 
     SUMMARY 
     Embodiments of the disclosure provide a method for designing an electronic device having a reduced physical distance between an antenna (for example, antenna module) and a wireless communication circuit in order to reduce situations in the electronic device has degraded radio-signal performance regarding a high-frequency band. 
     According to various example embodiments, an electronic device may include: a housing, a first substrate disposed in an inner space of the housing and including a first surface facing a first direction, a second surface facing a direction opposite to the first surface, and a first recess area at least partially corresponding to the first surface, a second substrate disposed in the first recess area of the first substrate, a third substrate at least partially disposed on one surface of the second substrate and including multiple antenna elements including at least one antenna, and a wireless communication circuit disposed on the second surface of the first substrate and electrically connected to the second substrate. The second substrate may include at least one matching circuit electrically connected to the wireless communication circuit corresponding to each of the multiple elements. 
     According to various example embodiments, an electronic device may include: a housing, a first substrate disposed in an inner space of the housing and including a first surface facing a first direction, a second surface facing a direction opposite to the first surface, a first recess area at least partially corresponding to the first surface, and a second recess area at least partially corresponding to the second surface, a second substrate disposed in the first recess area of the first substrate, a third substrate at least partially disposed on one surface of the second substrate and including multiple antenna elements comprising at least one antenna, and a wireless communication circuit disposed in the second recess area of the first substrate. The second substrate may include at least one matching circuit electrically connected to the wireless communication circuit corresponding to each of the multiple elements. 
     According to various example embodiments, in order to reduce situations in which signal performance is degraded during wireless communication through a high-frequency band, disposition of respective components may be adjusted so as to reduce the physical distance between a wireless communication circuit and an antenna (for example, antenna module) of an electronic device. 
     According to an example embodiment, a first substrate may be designed such that an antenna and a wireless communication circuit are disposed adjacent to each other. As a result, signal performance regarding radio signals may be maintained, and the internal space of an electronic device may be utilized more efficiently. Various other advantageous effects identified explicitly or implicitly through the disclosure may be provided. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In connection with the description of the drawings, like or similar reference numerals may be used for like or similar elements. Further, the above and other aspects, features and advantages of certain embodiments of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG.  1    is a block diagram illustrating an example electronic device in a network environment according to various embodiments; 
         FIG.  2    is a block diagram illustrating an example configuration of an electronic device configured to support legacy network communication and  5 G network communication according to various embodiments; 
         FIG.  3 A  is a front perspective view of a mobile electronic device according to various embodiments; 
         FIG.  3 B  is a rear perspective view of a mobile electronic device according to various embodiments; 
         FIG.  3 C  is an exploded perspective view of a mobile electronic device according to various embodiments; 
         FIG.  4 A  is an exploded perspective view illustrating a first example of a structure in which an antenna structure, a first substrate, a second substrate, and/or a wireless communication circuit are arranged according to various embodiments; 
         FIG.  4 B  is a perspective view illustrating a second example of a structure in which an antenna structure, a first substrate, a second substrate, and/or a wireless communication circuit are arranged according to various embodiments; 
         FIG.  5    is a cross-sectional view of an antenna structure, a first substrate, a second substrate, and/or a wireless communication circuit taken along line A-A of  FIG.  4 B  according to various embodiments; 
         FIG.  6 A  is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example first process of manufacturing a first substrate according to various embodiments; 
         FIG.  6 B  is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example second process of manufacturing a first substrate according to various embodiments; 
         FIG.  6 C  is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example third process of manufacturing a first substrate according to various embodiments; 
         FIG.  6 D  is an exploded cross-sectional view illustrating an example of an operation of coupling an antenna structure, a second substrate, a first substrate, and/or a wireless communication circuit according to various embodiments; 
         FIG.  7    is a diagram illustrating an example matching circuit included in a second substrate according to various embodiments; 
         FIG.  8    is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device including antenna elements are attached to a second substrate as individual components according to various embodiments; 
         FIG.  9 A  is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device including a second substrate and a wireless communication circuit that are directly connected according to various embodiments; 
         FIG.  9 B  is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device including antenna elements arranged in one antenna structure in the structure shown in  FIG.  9 A  according to various embodiments; 
         FIG.  9 C  is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device including at least two antenna elements arranged in one antenna structure in the structure shown in  FIG.  9 A  according to various embodiments; 
         FIG.  10 A  is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device including an example in which a first antenna structure is disposed to correspond to one surface of a second substrate and a second antenna structure is disposed to correspond to the other surface of the second substrate according to various embodiments; 
         FIG.  10 B  is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device including an example in which a first antenna structure is disposed to correspond to one surface of a second substrate and a second antenna structure is disposed to correspond to the other surface of the second substrate according to various embodiments; and 
         FIG.  11    is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device including an example in which an antenna structure, a second substrate, and/or a wireless communication circuit are coupled to each other on a first substrate including a first recess area implemented such that the second substrate is inserted thereinto and a second recess area implemented such that the wireless communication circuit is inserted thereinto according to various embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG.  1    is a block diagram illustrating an example electronic device  101  in a network environment  100  according to various embodiments. Referring to  FIG.  1   , the electronic device  101  in the network environment  100  may communicate with an electronic device  102  via a first network  198  (e.g., a short-range wireless communication network), or at least one of an electronic device  104  or a server  108  via a second network  199  (e.g., a long-range wireless communication network). According to an embodiment, the electronic device  101  may communicate with the electronic device  104  via the server  108 . According to an embodiment, the electronic device  101  may include a processor  120 , memory  130 , an input module  150 , a sound output module  155 , a display module  160 , an audio module  170 , a sensor module  176 , an interface  177 , a connecting terminal  178 , a haptic module  179 , a camera module  180 , a power management module  188 , a battery  189 , a communication module  190 , a subscriber identification module (SIM)  196 , or an antenna module  197 . In various embodiments, at least one of the components (e.g., the connecting terminal  178 ) may be omitted from the electronic device  101 , or one or more other components may be added in the electronic device  101 . In various embodiments, some of the components (e.g., the sensor module  176 , the camera module  180 , or the antenna module  197 ) may be implemented as a single component (e.g., the display module  160 ). 
     The processor  120  may execute, for example, software (e.g., a program  140 ) to control at least one other component (e.g., a hardware or software component) of the electronic device  101  coupled with the processor  120 , and may perform various data processing or computation. According to an embodiment, as at least part of the data processing or computation, the processor  120  may store a command or data received from another component (e.g., the sensor module  176  or the communication module  190 ) in volatile memory  132 , process the command or the data stored in the volatile memory  132 , and store resulting data in non-volatile memory  134 . According to an embodiment, the processor  120  may include a main processor  121  (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU) or an application processor (AP)), or an auxiliary processor  123  (e.g., a graphics processing unit (GPU), a neural processing unit (NPU), an image signal processor (ISP), a sensor hub processor, or a communication processor (CP)) that is operable independently from, or in conjunction with, the main processor  121 . For example, when the electronic device  101  includes the main processor  121  and the auxiliary processor  123 , the auxiliary processor  123  may be adapted to consume less power than the main processor  121 , or to be specific to a specified function. The auxiliary processor  123  may be implemented as separate from, or as part of the main processor  121 . 
     The auxiliary processor  123  may control at least some of functions or states related to at least one component (e.g., the display module  160 , the sensor module  176 , or the communication module  190 ) among the components of the electronic device  101 , instead of the main processor  121  while the main processor  121  is in an inactive (e.g., sleep) state, or together with the main processor  121  while the main processor  121  is in an active state (e.g., executing an application). According to an embodiment, the auxiliary processor  123  (e.g., an image signal processor or a communication processor) may be implemented as part of another component (e.g., the camera module  180  or the communication module  190 ) functionally related to the auxiliary processor  123 . According to an embodiment, the auxiliary processor  123  (e.g., the neural processing unit) may include a hardware structure specified for artificial intelligence model processing. An artificial intelligence model may be generated by machine learning. Such learning may be performed, e.g., by the electronic device  101  where the artificial intelligence is performed or via a separate server (e.g., the server  108 ). Learning algorithms may include, but are not limited to, e.g., supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, or reinforcement learning. The artificial intelligence model may include a plurality of artificial neural network layers. The artificial neural network may be a deep neural network (DNN), a convolutional neural network (CNN), a recurrent neural network (RNN), a restricted boltzmann machine (RBM), a deep belief network (DBN), a bidirectional recurrent deep neural network (BRDNN), deep Q-network or a combination of two or more thereof but is not limited thereto. The artificial intelligence model may, additionally or alternatively, include a software structure other than the hardware structure. 
     The memory  130  may store various data used by at least one component (e.g., the processor  120  or the sensor module  176 ) of the electronic device  101 . The various data may include, for example, software (e.g., the program  140 ) and input data or output data for a command related thereto. The memory  130  may include the volatile memory  132  or the non-volatile memory  134 . 
     The program  140  may be stored in the memory  130  as software, and may include, for example, an operating system (OS)  142 , middleware  144 , or an application  146 . 
     The input module  150  may receive a command or data to be used by another component (e.g., the processor  120 ) of the electronic device  101 , from the outside (e.g., a user) of the electronic device  101 . The input module  150  may include, for example, a microphone, a mouse, a keyboard, a key (e.g., a button), or a digital pen (e.g., a stylus pen). 
     The sound output module  155  may output sound signals to the outside of the electronic device  101 . The sound output module  155  may include, for example, a speaker or a receiver. The speaker may be used for general purposes, such as playing multimedia or playing record. The receiver may be used for receiving incoming calls. According to an embodiment, the receiver may be implemented as separate from, or as part of the speaker. 
     The display module  160  may visually provide information to the outside (e.g., a user) of the electronic device  101 . The display module  160  may include, for example, a display, a hologram device, or a projector and control circuitry to control a corresponding one of the display, hologram device, and projector. According to an embodiment, the display module  160  may include a touch sensor adapted to detect a touch, or a pressure sensor adapted to measure the intensity of force incurred by the touch. 
     The audio module  170  may convert a sound into an electrical signal and vice versa. According to an embodiment, the audio module  170  may obtain the sound via the input module  150 , or output the sound via the sound output module  155  or a headphone of an external electronic device (e.g., an electronic device  102 ) directly (e.g., wiredly) or wirelessly coupled with the electronic device  101 . 
     The sensor module  176  may detect an operational state (e.g., power or temperature) of the electronic device  101  or an environmental state (e.g., a state of a user) external to the electronic device  101 , and then generate an electrical signal or data value corresponding to the detected state. According to an embodiment, the sensor module  176  may include, for example, a gesture sensor, a gyro sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, a magnetic sensor, an acceleration sensor, a grip sensor, a proximity sensor, a color sensor, an infrared (IR) sensor, a biometric sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, or an illuminance sensor. 
     The interface  177  may support one or more specified protocols to be used for the electronic device  101  to be coupled with the external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  102 ) directly (e.g., wiredly) or wirelessly. According to an embodiment, the interface  177  may include, for example, a high definition multimedia interface (HDMI), a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a secure digital (SD) card interface, or an audio interface. 
     A connecting terminal  178  may include a connector via which the electronic device  101  may be physically connected with the external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  102 ). According to an embodiment, the connecting terminal  178  may include, for example, a HDMI connector, a USB connector, a SD card connector, or an audio connector (e.g., a headphone connector). 
     The haptic module  179  may convert an electrical signal into a mechanical stimulus (e.g., a vibration or a movement) or electrical stimulus which may be recognized by a user via his tactile sensation or kinesthetic sensation. According to an embodiment, the haptic module  179  may include, for example, a motor, a piezoelectric element, or an electric stimulator. 
     The camera module  180  may capture a still image or moving images. According to an embodiment, the camera module  180  may include one or more lenses, image sensors, image signal processors, or flashes. 
     The power management module  188  may manage power supplied to the electronic device  101 . According to an embodiment, the power management module  188  may be implemented as at least part of, for example, a power management integrated circuit (PMIC). 
     The battery  189  may supply power to at least one component of the electronic device  101 . According to an embodiment, the battery  189  may include, for example, a primary cell which is not rechargeable, a secondary cell which is rechargeable, or a fuel cell. 
     The communication module  190  may support establishing a direct (e.g., wired) communication channel or a wireless communication channel between the electronic device  101  and the external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  102 , the electronic device  104 , or the server  108 ) and performing communication via the established communication channel. The communication module  190  may include one or more communication processors that are operable independently from the processor  120  (e.g., the application processor (AP)) and supports a direct (e.g., wired) communication or a wireless communication. According to an embodiment, the communication module  190  may include a wireless communication module  192  (e.g., a cellular communication module, a short-range wireless communication module, or a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communication module) or a wired communication module  194  (e.g., a local area network (LAN) communication module or a power line communication (PLC) module). A corresponding one of these communication modules may communicate with the external electronic device via the first network  198  (e.g., a short-range communication network, such as Bluetooth TM  wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi) direct, or infrared data association (IrDA)) or the second network  199  (e.g., a long-range communication network, such as a legacy cellular network, a 5G network, a next-generation communication network, the Internet, or a computer network (e.g., LAN or wide area network (WAN)). These various types of communication modules may be implemented as a single component (e.g., a single chip), or may be implemented as multi components (e.g., multi chips) separate from each other. The wireless communication module  192  may identify and authenticate the electronic device  101  in a communication network, such as the first network  198  or the second network  199 , using subscriber information (e.g., international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI)) stored in the subscriber identification module  196 . 
     The wireless communication module  192  may support a 5G network, after a 4G network, and next-generation communication technology, e.g., new radio (NR) access technology. The NR access technology may support enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC), or ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC). The wireless communication module  192  may support a high-frequency band (e.g., the mmWave band) to achieve, e.g., a high data transmission rate. The wireless communication module  192  may support various technologies for securing performance on a high-frequency band, such as, e.g., beamforming, massive multiple-input and multiple-output (massive MIMO), full dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antenna, analog beam-forming, or large scale antenna. The wireless communication module  192  may support various requirements specified in the electronic device  101 , an external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  104 ), or a network system (e.g., the second network  199 ). According to an embodiment, the wireless communication module  192  may support a peak data rate (e.g., 20 Gbps or more) for implementing eMBB, loss coverage (e.g., 164 dB or less) for implementing mMTC, or U-plane latency (e.g., 0.5 ms or less for each of downlink (DL) and uplink (UL), or a round trip of 1 ms or less) for implementing URLLC. 
     The antenna module  197  may transmit or receive a signal or power to or from the outside (e.g., the external electronic device) of the electronic device  101 . According to an embodiment, the antenna module  197  may include an antenna including a radiating element including a conductive material or a conductive pattern formed in or on a substrate (e.g., a printed circuit board (PCB)). According to an embodiment, the antenna module  197  may include a plurality of antennas (e.g., array antennas). In such a case, at least one antenna appropriate for a communication scheme used in the communication network, such as the first network  198  or the second network  199 , may be selected, for example, by the communication module  190  (e.g., the wireless communication module  192 ) from the plurality of antennas. The signal or the power may then be transmitted or received between the communication module  190  and the external electronic device via the selected at least one antenna. According to an embodiment, another component (e.g., a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC)) other than the radiating element may be additionally formed as part of the antenna module  197 . 
     According to various embodiments, the antenna module  197  may form a mmWave antenna module. According to an embodiment, the mmWave antenna module may include a printed circuit board, a RFIC disposed on a first surface (e.g., the bottom surface) of the printed circuit board, or adjacent to the first surface and capable of supporting a designated high-frequency band (e.g., the mmWave band), and a plurality of antennas (e.g., array antennas) disposed on a second surface (e.g., the top or a side surface) of the printed circuit board, or adjacent to the second surface and capable of transmitting or receiving signals of the designated high-frequency band. For example, the plurality of antennas may include a patch array antenna and/or a dipole array antenna. 
     At least some of the above-described components may be coupled mutually and communicate signals (e.g., commands or data) therebetween via an inter-peripheral communication scheme (e.g., a bus, general purpose input and output (GPIO), serial peripheral interface (SPI), or mobile industry processor interface (MIPI)). 
     According to an embodiment, commands or data may be transmitted or received between the electronic device  101  and the external electronic device  104  via the server  108  coupled with the second network  199 . Each of the electronic devices  102  or  104  may be a device of a same type as, or a different type, from the electronic device  101 . According to an embodiment, all or some of operations to be executed at the electronic device  101  may be executed at one or more of the external electronic devices  102 ,  104 , or  108 . For example, if the electronic device  101  should perform a function or a service automatically, or in response to a request from a user or another device, the electronic device  101 , instead of, or in addition to, executing the function or the service, may request the one or more external electronic devices to perform at least part of the function or the service. The one or more external electronic devices receiving the request may perform the at least part of the function or the service requested, or an additional function or an additional service related to the request, and transfer an outcome of the performing to the electronic device  101 . The electronic device  101  may provide the outcome, with or without further processing of the outcome, as at least part of a reply to the request. To that end, a cloud computing, distributed computing, mobile edge computing (MEC), or client-server computing technology may be used, for example. The electronic device  101  may provide ultra low-latency services using, e.g., distributed computing or mobile edge computing. In an embodiment, the external electronic device  104  may include an internet-of-things (IoT) device. The server  108  may be an intelligent server using machine learning and/or a neural network. According to an embodiment, the external electronic device  104  or the server  108  may be included in the second network  199 . The electronic device  101  may be applied to intelligent services (e.g., smart home, smart city, smart car, or healthcare) based on 5G communication technology or IoT-related technology. 
       FIG.  2    is a block diagram  200  illustrating an example configuration of an electronic device  101  supporting legacy network communication and  5 G network communication according to various embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG.  2   , according to various embodiments, the electronic device  101  may include a first communication processor (e.g., including processing circuitry)  212 , a second communication processor (e.g., including processing circuitry)  214 , a first radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC)  222 , a second RFIC  224 , a third RFIC  226 , a fourth RFIC  228 , a first radio frequency front end (RFFE)  232 , a second RFFE  234 , a first antenna module  242 , a second antenna module  244 , and an antenna  248 . The electronic device  101  may include the processor  120  and the memory  130 . The network  199  may include a first network  292  and a second network  294 . According to an embodiment, the electronic device  101  may further include at least one component among the components illustrated in  FIG.  1   , and the network  199  may further include at least one other network. According to an embodiment, the first communication processor  212 , the second communication processor  214 , the first RFIC  222 , the second RFIC  224 , the fourth RFIC  228 , the first RFFE  232 , and the second RFFE  234  may be at least a part of the wireless communication module  192 . According to an embodiment, the fourth RFIC  228  may be omitted, or may be included as a part of the third RFIC  226 . 
     The first communication processor  212  may include various processing circuitry and establish a communication channel of a band to be used for wireless communication with the first network  292 , and may support legacy network communication via the established communication channel According to an embodiment, the first network may be a legacy network including second generation (2G), third generation (3G), fourth generation (4G), or long-term evolution (LTE) network. The second communication processor  214  may include various processing circuitry and establish a communication channel corresponding to a designated band (e.g., approximately 6 GHz to 60 GHz) among bands to be used for wireless communication with the second network  294 , and may support 5G network communication via the established communication channel According to an embodiment, the second network  294  may be a 5G network (e.g., new radio (NR)) defined in 3GPP. In addition, according to an embodiment, the first communication processor  212  or the second communication processor  214  may establish a communication channel corresponding to another designated band (e.g., approximately 6 GHz or less) among bands to be used for wireless communication with the second network  294 , and may support 5G network communication via the established communication channel According to an embodiment, the first communication processor  212  and the second communication processor  214  may be implemented in a single chip or a single package. According to an embodiment, the first communication processor  212  or the second communication processor  214  may be implemented in a single chip or a single package, together with the processor  120 , the sub-processor  123 , or the communication module  190 . 
     According to an embodiment, the first communication processor  212  may perform data transmission or reception with the second communication processor  214 . For example, data which has been classified to be transmitted via the second network  294  may be changed to be transmitted via the first network  292 . 
     In this instance, the first communication processor  212  may receive transmission data from the second communication processor  214 . For example, the first communication processor  212  may perform data transmission or reception with the second communication processor  214  via an inter-processor interface. The inter-processor interface may be implemented as, for example, a universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) (e.g., a high speed-UART (HS-UART)) or a peripheral component interconnect bus express (PCIe), but the type of interface is not limited thereto. For example, the first communication processor  212  and the second communication processor  214  may exchange control information and packet data information using, for example, a shared memory. For example, the first communication processor  212  may perform transmission or reception of various types of information such as sensing information, information associated with an output strength, and resource block (RB) allocation information, with the second communication processor  214 . 
     Depending on implementation, the first communication processor  212  may not be directly connected to the second communication processor  214 . In this instance, the first communication processor  212  may perform data transmission or reception with the second communication processor  214 , via the processor  120  (e.g., an application processor). For example, the first communication processor  212  and the second communication processor  214  may perform data transmission or reception via the processor  120  (e.g., an application processor) and a HS-UART interface or a PCIe interface, but the type of interface is not limited. For example, the first communication processor  212  and the second communication processor  214  may exchange control information and packet data information using the processor  120  (e.g., an application processor) and a shared memory. According to an embodiment, the first communication processor  212  and the second communication processor  214  may be implemented in a single chip or a single package. According to various embodiments, the first communication processor  212  or the second communication processor  214  may be implemented in a single chip or a single package, together with the processor  120 , the sub-processor  123 , or the communication module  190 . 
     In the case of transmission, the first RFIC  222  may convert a baseband signal generated by the first communication processor  212  into a radio frequency (RF) signal in the range of approximately 700 MHz to 3 GHz, which is used in the first network  292  (e.g., a legacy network). In the case of reception, an RF signal is obtained from the first network  292  (e.g., a legacy network) via an antenna (e.g., the first antenna module  242 ), and may be preprocessed via an RFFE (e.g., the first RFFE  232 ). The first RFIC  222  may convert the preprocessed RF signal into a baseband signal so that the baseband signal is processed by the first communication processor  212 . 
     In the case of transmission, the second RFIC  224  may convert a baseband signal generated by the first communication processor  212  or the second communication processor  214  into an RF signal (hereinafter, a 5G Sub6 RF signal) in an Sub6 band (e.g., approximately 6 GHz or less) used in the second network  294  (e.g., a 5G network). In the case of reception, a 5G Sub6 RF signal may be obtained from the second network  294  (e.g., a 5G network) via an antenna (e.g., the second antenna module  244 ), and may be preprocessed by an RFFE (e.g., the second RFFE  234 ). The second RFIC  224  may convert the preprocessed 5G Sub6 RF signal into a baseband signal so that the signal may be processed by a corresponding communication processor among the first communication processor  212  or the second communication processor  214 . 
     The third RFIC  226  may convert a baseband signal generated by the second communication processor  214  into an RF signal (hereinafter, a 5G Above6 RF signal) of a 5G Above6 band (e.g., approximately 6 GHz to 60 GHz) to be used in the second network  294  (e.g., a 5G network). In the case of reception, a 5G Above6 RF signal is obtained from the second network  294  (e.g., a 5G network) via an antenna (e.g., the antenna  248 ), and may be preprocessed by the third RFFE  236 . The third RFIC  226  may convert the preprocessed 5G Above6 RF signal into a baseband signal so that the signal is processed by the second communication processor  214 . According to an embodiment, the third RFFE  236  may be implemented as a part of the third RFIC  226 . 
     According to an embodiment, the electronic device  101  may include the fourth RFIC  228 , separately from or, as a part of, the third RFIC  226 . In this instance, the fourth RFIC  228  may convert a baseband signal produced by the second communication processor  214  into an RF signal (hereinafter, an IF signal) in an intermediate frequency band (e.g., approximately 9 GHz to 11 GHz), and may transfer the IF signal to the third RFIC  226 . The third RFIC  226  may convert the IF signal into a 5G Above6 RF signal. In the case of reception, a 5G Above6 RF signal may be received from the second network  294  (e.g., a 5G network) via an antenna (e.g., the antenna  248 ), and may be converted into an IF signal by the third RFIC  226 . The fourth RFIC  228  may convert the IF signal into a baseband signal so that the second communication processor  214  is capable of processing the baseband signal. 
     According to an embodiment, the first RFIC  222  and the second RFIC  224  may be implemented as at least a part of a single chip or a single package. According to an embodiment, the first RFFE  232  and the second RFFE  234  may be implemented as at least a part of a single chip or single package. According to an embodiment, at least one of the first antenna module  242  or the second antenna module  244  may be omitted or may be combined with another antenna module, so as to process RF signals of a plurality of corresponding bands. 
     According to an embodiment, the third RFIC  226  and the antenna  248  may be disposed in the same substrate, and may form a third antenna module  246 . For example, the wireless communication module  192  or the processor  120  may be disposed in a first substrate (e.g., a main PCB). In this instance, the third RFIC  226  is disposed in apart (e.g., a lower part) of a second substrate (e.g., a sub PCB) different from the first substrate, and the antenna  248  is disposed in another part (e.g., an upper part), so that the third antenna module  246  may be formed. By disposing the third 
     RFIC  226  and the antenna  248  in the same substrate, the length of a transmission line therebetween may be reduced. For example, this may reduce a loss (e.g., a diminution) of a high-frequency band signal (e.g., approximately 6 GHz to 60 GHz) used for 5G network communication, the loss being caused by a transmission line. Accordingly, the electronic device  101  may improve the quality or speed of communication with the second network  294  (e.g., a 5G network). 
     According to an embodiment, the antenna  248  may be implemented as an antenna array including a plurality of antenna elements which may be used for beamforming. In this instance, the third RFIC  226 , for example, may include a plurality of phase shifters  238  corresponding to a plurality of antenna elements, as a part of the third RFFE  236 . In the case of transmission, each of the plurality of phase shifters  238  may shift the phase of a 5G Above6RF signal to be transmitted to the outside of the electronic device  101  (e.g., a base station of a 5G network) via a corresponding antenna element. In the case of reception, each of the plurality of phase shifters  238  may shift the phase of a 5G Above6 RF signal received from the outside via a corresponding antenna element into the same or substantially the same phase. This may enable transmission or reception via beamforming between the electronic device  101  and the outside. 
     The second network  294  (e.g., a 5G network) may operate independently (e.g., Standalone (SA)) from the first network  292  (e.g., a legacy network), or may operate by being connected thereto (e.g., Non-Standalone (NSA)). For example, in the 5G network, only an access network (e.g., 5G radio access network (RAN) or next generation RAN (NG RAN)) may exist, and a core network (e.g., next generation core (NGC)) may not exist. In this instance, the electronic device  101  may access the access network of the 5G network, and may access an external network (e.g., the Internet) under the control of the core network (e.g., an evolved packed core (EPC)) of the legacy network. Protocol information (e.g., LTE protocol information) for communication with the legacy network or protocol information (e.g., new radio (NR) protocol information) for communication with the 5G network may be stored in the memory  130 , and may be accessed by another component (e.g., the processor  120 , the first communication processor  212 , or the second communication processor  214 ). 
       FIG.  3 A  is a front perspective view of an electronic device  300  according to various embodiments.  FIG.  3 B  is a rear perspective view of the electronic device  300  according to various embodiments. The electronic device  300  in  FIG.  3 A and  3 B  may be at least partially similar to the electronic device  101  of  FIG.  1    or  FIG.  2   , or may include various embodiments of the electronic device. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  3 A and  3 B , the electronic device  300  (e.g., the electronic device  101  in  FIG.  1   ) according to various embodiments may include a housing  310  including a first surface (or a front surface)  310 A, a second surface (or a rear surface)  310 B, and a side surface  310 C surrounding the space (or the internal space) between the first surface  310 A and the second surface  310 B. In an embodiment (not illustrated), the term “housing  310 ” may refer, for example, to a structure forming a part of the first surface  310 A, the second surface  310 B, and the side surface  310 C. According to an embodiment, at least a portion of the first surface  310 A may be defined by a substantially transparent front plate  302  (e.g., a glass plate or a polymer plate including various coating layers). The second surface  310 B may be defined by a substantially opaque rear plate  311 . The rear plate  311  may be made of, for example, coated or colored glass, ceramic, a polymer, or a metal (e.g., aluminum, stainless steel (STS), or magnesium), or a combination of two or more of the above-mentioned materials. The side surface  310 C may be defined by a side bezel structure (or a “side member”)  318  coupled to the front plate  302  and the rear plate  311  and including a metal and/or a polymer. In some embodiments, the rear plate  311  and the side bezel structure  318  may be integrally configured, and may include the same material (e.g., a metal material such as aluminum). 
     According to various embodiments, the front plate  302  may include, at the long opposite side edges thereof, first regions  310 D, which are bent from the first surface  310 A toward the rear plate  311  and extend seamlessly. In the illustrated embodiment (see  FIG.  3 B ), the rear plate  311  may include, at the long opposite side edges thereof, second regions  310 E, which are bent from the second surface  310 B toward the front plate  302  and extend seamlessly. In various embodiments, the front plate  302  (or the rear plate  311 ) may include only one of the first regions  310 D (or the second regions  310 E). In an embodiment, the front plate  302  (or the rear plate  311 ) may not include a part of the first regions  310 D (or the second regions  310 E). In an embodiment, when viewed from a side of the electronic device  300 , the side bezel structure  318  may have a first thickness (or width) on the side surface portions where the first regions  310 D or the second regions  310 E are not included, and may have a second thickness (or width), which is smaller than the first thickness, on the side surface portions where the first regions  310 D or the second regions  310 E are included. 
     According to an embodiment, the electronic device  300  may include at least one of a display  301 , audio modules  303 ,  307 , and  314 , sensor modules  304  and  319 , camera modules  305 ,  312 , and  313 , key input devices  317 , an indicator (not illustrated), and connector holes  308  and  309 . In some embodiments, in the electronic device  300 , at least one of the components (e.g., the key input devices  317 , the indicator, or the connector holes  308  and  309 ) may be omitted, or other components may be additionally included. 
     According to various embodiments, the display  301  may be viewable through a substantial portion of the front plate  302 . In some embodiments, at least a part of the display  301  may be viewable through the front plate  302  defining the first surface  310 A and the first regions  310 D of the side surface  310 C. In some embodiments, the edges of the display  301  may be configured to be substantially the same as the shape of the periphery of the front plate  302  adjacent thereto. In an embodiment (not illustrated), the distance between the periphery of the display  301  and the periphery of the front plate  302  may be substantially constant in order to enlarge the visible area of the display  301 . 
     In an embodiment (not illustrated), a recess or an opening may be disposed in a part of the screen display region of the display  301 , and at least one of an audio module  314 , a sensor modules  304 , a camera module  305 , or an indicator aligned with the recess or the opening may be included. In an embodiment (not illustrated), on the rear surface of the screen display region of the display  301 , at least one of the audio module  314 , the sensor module  304 , the camera module  305 , or the indicator may be included. For example, the audio module  314 , the camera module  305 , the sensor module  304  and/or the indicator may be disposed in the internal space in the electronic device  300  to be in contact with the external environment through an opening perforated in the display  301  up to the front plate  302 . As another example, some of the sensor modules  304 , the camera module  305  and/or the indicator may be disposed in the internal space in the electronic device  300  so as to perform the functions thereof without being viewable through the front plate  302 . For example, a region of the display  301  facing the sensor module  304 , the camera module  305 , and/or the indicator may not require a perforated opening. 
     In an embodiment (not illustrated), the display  301  may be coupled to or disposed adjacent to a touch-sensitive circuit, a pressure sensor capable of measuring a touch intensity (pressure), and/or a digitizer configured to detect a magnetic-field-type stylus pen. In some embodiments, at least some of the sensor modules  304  and  319  and/or at least some of the key input devices  317  may be disposed in the first regions  310 D and/or the second regions  310 E. 
     According to various embodiments, the audio modules  303 ,  307 , and  314  may include a microphone hole  303  and speaker holes  307  and  314 . The microphone hole  303  may include a microphone disposed therein so as to acquire external sound, and in some embodiments, multiple microphones disposed therein so as to detect the direction of sound. The speaker holes  307  and  314  may include an external speaker hole  307  and a phone call receiver hole  314 . In some embodiments, the speaker holes  307  and  314  and the microphone hole  303  may be implemented as a single hole, or a speaker free of speaker holes  307  and  314  (e.g., a piezo speaker) may be included. 
     According to various embodiments, the sensor modules  304  and  319  may generate electrical signals or a data value corresponding to the internal operating state of the electronic device  300  or an external environmental state. The sensor modules  304  and  319  may include, for example, a first sensor module  304  (e.g., a proximity sensor) and/or a second sensor module (not illustrated) (e.g., a fingerprint sensor) disposed on the first surface  310 A of the housing  310 , and/or a third sensor module  319  (e.g., an HRM sensor) disposed on the second surface  310 B of the housing  310 . A fingerprint sensor may be disposed not only on the first surface  310 A (e.g., the display  301 ) of the housing  310 , but also on the second surface  310 B. For example, a fingerprint sensor (e.g., an ultrasonic fingerprint sensor or an optical fingerprint sensor) may be disposed below the display  301  of the first surface  310 A. The electronic device  300  may further include at least one of sensor modules (not illustrated), such as a gesture sensor, a gyro sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, a magnetic sensor, an acceleration sensor, a grip sensor, a color sensor, an infrared (IR) sensor, a biometric sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, or an illuminance sensor  304 . 
     According to various embodiments, the camera modules  305 ,  312 , and  313  may include, for example, a first camera device  305  disposed on the first surface  310 A of the electronic device  300  and a second camera device  312  and/or a flash  313  disposed on the second surface  310 B of the electronic device  300 . The camera modules  305  and  312  may include one or more lenses, an image sensor, and/or an image signal processor. The flash  313  may include, for example, a light-emitting diode or a xenon lamp. In various embodiments, two or more lenses (e.g., an infrared camera, a wide-angle lens, and a telephoto lens), and image sensors may be disposed on one surface of the electronic device  300 . 
     According to various embodiments, the key input devices  317  may be disposed on the side surface  310 C of the housing  310 . In an embodiment, the electronic device  300  may not include some or all of the key input devices  317 , and a key input device  317  not included in the electronic device  300  may be implemented in the form of a soft key on the display  301 . In some embodiments, a key input device  317  may be implemented using a pressure sensor included in the display  301 . 
     According to various embodiments, an indicator (not illustrated) may be disposed on the first surface  310 A of the housing  310 . The indicator may provide, for example, the status information of the electronic device  300  in an optical form. In an embodiment, the indicator may provide, for example, a light source that is interlocked with the operation of the camera module  305 . The indicator may include, for example, an LED, an IR LED, and a xenon lamp. 
     According to various embodiments, the connector holes  308  and  309  may include a first connector hole  308  capable of accommodating a connector (e.g., a USB connector) for transmitting/receiving power and/or data to/from an external electronic device, and/or a second connector hole  309  capable of accommodating a connector (e.g., an earphone jack) for transmitting/receiving an audio signal to/from an external electronic device. 
       FIG.  3 C  is an exploded perspective view of the electronic device  300  according to various embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG.  3 C , according to various embodiments, the electronic device  300  may include a side bezel structure  321 , a first support member  3211  (e.g., a bracket), a front plate  322 , a display  323 , a printed circuit board  324  (e.g., a main board), a battery  325 , a second support member  326  (e.g., a rear case), an antenna  327 , and a rear plate  328 . In some embodiments, at least one of the components (e.g., the first support member  3211  or the second support member  326 ) may be omitted from the electronic device  300 , or other components may be additionally included in the electronic device  300 . At least one of the components of the electronic device  300  may be the same as or similar to at least one of the components of the electronic device  300  of  FIG.  3 A  or  FIG.  3 B , and a redundant description thereof may not be repeated here. 
     According to various embodiments, the first support member  3211  may be disposed inside the electronic device  300 , and the first support member  332  may be connected to the side bezel structure  321 , or may be integrated with the side bezel structure  321 . The first support member  3211  may be made of, for example, a metal material and/or a non-metal material (e.g., a polymer). The display  323  may be coupled to one surface of the first support member  3211 , and the printed circuit board  324  may be coupled to the other surface of the first support member  332 . A processor (e.g., the processor  120  in  FIG.  1   ), a memory (e.g., the memory  130  in  FIG.  1   ), and/or an interface (e.g., the interface  177  in  FIG.  1   ) may be mounted on the printed circuit board  324 . The processor may include at least one of, for example, a central processing unit, an application processor, a graphics processor, an image signal processor, a sensor hub processor, a communication processor, or the like. 
     The memory may include, for example, a volatile memory (e.g., the volatile memory  132  in  FIG.  1   ) or a nonvolatile memory (e.g., the nonvolatile memory  134  in  FIG.  1   ). 
     The interface may include, for example, a high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI), a universal serial bus (USB) interface, an SD card interface, and/or an audio interface. The interface may electrically or physically connect, for example, the electronic device  300  to an external electronic device, and may include a USB connector, an SD card/MMC connector, or an audio connector. 
     According to various embodiments, the battery  325  may include a device for supplying power to at least one component of the electronic device  300  and may include, for example, a non-rechargeable primary battery, a rechargeable secondary battery, or a fuel cell. At least a portion of the battery  325  may be disposed on substantially the same plane as, for example, the printed circuit board  324 . The battery  325  may be integrally disposed inside the electronic device  300 , or may be detachably disposed on the electronic device  300 . 
     According to various embodiments, the antenna  327  may be disposed between the rear plate  328  and the battery  325 . The antenna  327  may include, for example, a near field communication (NFC) antenna, a wireless charging antenna, and/or a magnetic secure transmission (MST) antenna, or the like. The antenna  327  may perform short-range communication with, for example, an external electronic device, or may transmit/receive power required for charging to/from the external device in a wireless manner In an embodiment, an antenna structure may be a part of the side bezel structure  321  and/or the first support member  3211 , or a combination thereof. 
     According to various embodiments, the electronic device  300  may have a bar-type or plate-type appearance, but the appearance of the electronic device  300  is not limited thereto. For example, the electronic device  300  may be a part of a foldable electronic device, a slidable electronic device, a stretchable electronic device, and/or a rollable electronic device. 
       FIG.  4 A  is an exploded perspective view illustrating a first example of a structure in which an antenna structure  410 , a first substrate  400  (e.g., a first printed circuit board (PCB) and a main PCB), a second substrate  510  (e.g., a second printed circuit board (PCB), and a sub-PCB), and/or a wireless communication circuit  430  is arranged according to various embodiments.  FIG.  4 B  is a perspective view illustrating a second example of a structure in which an antenna structure  410 , a first substrate  400 , a second substrate  510 , and/or a wireless communication circuit  430  are arranged according to various embodiments. According to an embodiment, the antenna structure  410  of  FIG.  4 A  and  FIG.  4 B  may be at least partially similar to the third antenna module  246  in  FIG.  2    or may include various embodiments of an antenna module. 
     According to various embodiments with reference to  FIG.  4 A  and  FIG.  4 B , the antenna structure  410  may include at least one antenna element  420 . For example, the antenna structure  410  may be implemented as an array antenna having a form in which at least one antenna element  420  is disposed at regular intervals and may be electrically connected to the wireless communication circuit  430  through the second substrate  510 . For another example, the antenna structure  410  may include a substrate and at least one antenna element  420  may be formed on the substrate. 
     According to various embodiments with reference to  FIG.  4 A  and  FIG.  4 B , the first substrate  400  may include a recess area  402  (as used herein, the term recess may include various structures configured to receive a substrate e.g., including, but not limited to, a furrow, a groove, an opening, a recess, a hole, a cavity, or the like) such that the second substrate  510  is at least partially coupled thereto. For example, the second substrate  510  may be disposed to be inserted into the recess area  402  of the first substrate  400  and may be electrically connected to the wireless communication circuit  430  through the first substrate  400 . According to an embodiment, the second substrate  510  may be disposed to be inserted into the recess area  402  formed on the first substrate  400  as shown in  FIG.  4 B  when a first surface  404  of the first substrate  400  is viewed from above (e.g., viewed from the z-axis direction along the -z-axis direction). 
     According to an embodiment, the antenna structure  410  may include a first surface  412  (e.g., a surface exposed to the outside when viewed from above (e.g., viewed from the z-axis direction along the -z-axis direction)) and a second surface  414  facing an opposite direction (e.g., the -z-axis direction) of the first surface  412 . For example, the antenna structure  410  may be disposed to cover the second substrate  510 . The antenna structure  410  may be disposed to have a form in which the second surface  414  of the antenna structure  420  is at least partially attached to the first surface  404  of the first substrate  400 . For another example, the antenna structure  410  may be disposed to have a form of generally covering the recess area  402  such that the recess area  402  is not exposed to an external environment. According to an embodiment, the second substrate  510  may be disposed to overlap the antenna structure at least partially  410  when viewed from above (e.g., viewed from the z-axis direction along the -z-axis direction). According to an embodiment, the at least one antenna element  420  included in the antenna structure  410  may be electrically connected to the second substrate  510  and electrically connected to the wireless communication circuit  430  through the first substrate  400 . According to an embodiment, an electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  101  in  FIG.  1    and the electronic device  300  in  FIG.  3   ) may perform wireless communication through the antenna structure  410  under the control of the wireless communication circuit  430 . 
     According to various embodiments, the second substrate  510  may include a first surface  502  and a second surface  504  facing an opposite direction of the first surface  502 . The first surface  502  of the second substrate  510  may be electrically and/or physically connected to the second surface  414  of the antenna structure  410 , and the second surface  504  of the second substrate  510  may be electrically and/or physically connected to the first substrate  400  in a form of being inserted into the recess area  402  of the first substrate  400 . 
     According to an embodiment, the second substrate  510  may include multiple conductive layers and multiple non-conductive layers alternately stacked with the conductive layers. The second substrate  510  may provide electrical connection between electronic components arranged on the second substrate  510  and/or outside using wires and conductive vias formed on the conductive layer. According to an embodiment, the second substrate  510  may include at least one matching circuit for electrically connecting the wireless communication circuit  430  and at least one antenna element  420  included in the antenna structure  410 . According to an embodiment, the first substrate  400  may include at least one via for electrically connecting the second substrate  510  and the wireless communication circuit  430 . 
     According to an embodiment, the second substrate  510  may be designed to have permittivity (e.g., tan δ) relatively lower than that of the first substrate  400 . For example, the permittivity may a figure indicating a degree of polarization of molecules with respect to an electrical signal. The lower the permittivity, the better the insulation and the lower the transmission loss of an electrical signal. For example, when a permittivity (tans) of the first substrate  400  is about 0.03, a permittivity of the second substrate  510  may be about 0.002. For example, the low permittivity may refer, for example, to a low transmission loss of an electrical signal and a high transmission efficiency. The second substrate  510  may have a permittivity relatively lower than that of the first substrate  400 , a fast electrical signal processing speed, and a lower transmission loss with respect to an electrical signal. 
     According to an embodiment, the second substrate  510  may include at least one matching circuit and increase transmission efficiency with respect to an electrical signal between the wireless communication circuit  430  and the antenna structure  410 . For example, the at least one matching circuit may be electrically connected correspondingly to each of at least one antenna element  420 . 
     According to an embodiment, the wireless communication circuit  430  may be electrically connected to at least one circuit (e.g., a communication processor, a matching circuit, and/or a PMIC) disposed on the second substrate  510  through the first substrate  400 . For example, the wireless communication circuit  430  may be connected to at least one circuit (e.g., a communication processor, a matching circuit, and/or a PMIC) included in the second substrate  510  through at least one via included in the first substrate  400  and may perform transmission and/or reception of a signal (e.g., a control signal, a baseband signal, or an IF signal). The wireless communication circuit  430  may perform wireless communication with an external device (e.g., a server) through the antenna structure  410  electrically connected to the second substrate  510 . 
       FIG.  5    is a cross-sectional view of an antenna structure  410 , a first substrate  400 , a second substrate  510 , and/or a wireless communication circuit  430  taken along line A-A of the  FIG.  4 B  according to various embodiments. According to an embodiment, the antenna structure  410  of  FIG.  5    may be at least partially similar to the third antenna module  246  in  FIG.  2    or may include various embodiments of an antenna module. 
     According to various embodiments with reference to  FIG.  5   , the first substrate  400  may include multiple conductive layers and/or multiple non-conductive layers alternately stacked with the conductive layers. The first substrate  400  may be implemented to have a form in which multiple layers are stacked. According to an embodiment, the first substrate  400  may include a recess area  540  (e.g., the recess area  402  in  FIG.  4 A , and a groove) such that the second substrate  510  is at least partially coupled thereto. For example, some layers among multiple layers forming the first substrate  400  may be designed to include an opening. The first substrate  400  may be implemented to have a form in which layers including an opening and layers not including an opening are stacked. Referring to  FIG.  5   , the recess area  540  may include a form in which layers including an opening are stacked to form a groove having a depth of a first length  550  on the first substrate  400 . For example, when the first substrate  400  is formed by stacking based on about  10  layers, about four layers disposed adjacent to the wireless communication circuit  430  may be formed by stacking layers not including an opening, and about six remaining layers may be formed by stacking layers including an opening. For example, the opening may be implemented to have substantially the same size and the recess area  540  for allowing the second substrate  510  to be inserted thereto may be formed based on the opening. The layers (e.g., about six layers) including an opening may be included in a first group and the layers (e.g., about four layers) not including an opening may be included in the second group. For example, the recess area  540  may be formed based on a size of the second substrate  510 . Referring to  FIG.  5   , the first substrate  400  may include at least one via  531 ,  532 ,  533 ,  534  for electrically connecting between the second substrate  510  and the wireless communication circuit  430 . For example, the at least one via  531 ,  532 ,  533 ,  534  may be used as an electrical connection path respectively corresponding to at least one matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  included in the second substrate  510 . For example, the at least one via  531 ,  532 ,  533 ,  534  may include a first via  531 , a second via  532 , a third via  533 , and/or a fourth via  534 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  5   , the second substrate  510  may be at least partially inserted into or coupled to the recess area  540  of the first substrate  400 . According to an embodiment, the second substrate  510  may include multiple conductive layers and/or multiple non-conductive layers alternately stacked with the multiple conductive layers. In an embodiment, a thickness of the second substrate  510  may be determined based on a depth (e.g., the first length  550 ) of the recess area  540  formed on the first substrate  400 . For example, multiple layers corresponding to the recess area  540  may be included in a first group and the recess area  540  may be implemented by stacking the layers included in the first group. In an embodiment, the second substrate  510  may be designed to include at least one matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  based on the conductive layers and/or the non-conductive layers, and the at least one matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  may be used as a transmission path with respect to a signal. For example, the at least one matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  may include a first matching circuit  511 , a second matching circuit  512 , a third matching circuit  513 , and/or a fourth matching circuit  514 . The first matching circuit  511  may be electrically connected to the wireless communication circuit  430  through the first via  531  of the first substrate  400 . A contact part corresponding to one end of the first matching circuit  511  may be determined based on a position of the first via  531 . According to an embodiment, at least one of the at least one matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  may be connected to the at least one via  531 ,  532 ,  533 ,  534  of the first substrate  400 . For another example, the at least one matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  is omitted and at least one signal line may be formed. According to an embodiment, various types of circuits (e.g., a signal line and a signal wire) may be included in the second substrate  510  based on stacked multiple layers. 
     According to an embodiment, one end of the at least one matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  may be electrically connected to the at least one antenna element  420  included in the antenna structure  410 , and another end thereof may be electrically connected to the wireless communication circuit  430 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  5   , in an embodiment, the at least one antenna element  420  may be disposed on the first surface  412  (e.g., a surface seen when viewed from above (e.g., viewed from the z-axis direction along the -z-axis direction)) or adjacent to the first surface  412  of the antenna structure  410 . For example, the at least one antenna element  420  may include a first antenna element  421 , a second antenna element  422 , a third antenna element  423 , and/or a fourth antenna element  424 . The antenna structure  410  may include at least one circuit  521 ,  522 ,  523 ,  524  (e.g., a wire, a line, a hole, and a via) for electrically connecting the at least one antenna element  420  and the at least one matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  included in the second substrate  510 . For example, the at least one circuit  521 ,  522 ,  523 ,  524  may include a first circuit  521 , a second circuit  522 , a third circuit  523 , and/or a fourth circuit  524 . According to an embodiment, the first antenna element  421  may be electrically connected to the first matching circuit  511  of the second substrate  510  through the first circuit  521 , and the second antenna element  422  may be electrically connected to the second matching circuit  512  of the second substrate  510  through the second circuit  522 . For example, the at least one antenna element  420  may be connected to the at least one matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  of the second substrate  510 . In an embodiment, the antenna structure  410  may be disposed in a form of at least partially covering the recess area  540  of the first substrate  400 . For example, when viewed from above (e.g., viewed from the z-axis direction along the -z-axis direction), the antenna structure  410  may be in a state at least partially overlapping the second substrate  510  coupled to the recess area  540 . 
     According to an embodiment, the wireless communication circuit  430  may be electrically connected to the first matching circuit  511  of the second substrate  510  through the first via  531  of the first substrate  400  and may be electrically connected to the first antenna element  421  included in the antenna structure  410  through the first matching circuit  511 . The wireless communication circuit  430  may perform wireless communication with an external device (e.g., a server) through the at least one antenna element  420 ,  421 ,  422 ,  423 ,  424 . According to an embodiment, the wireless communication circuit  430  may convert a frequency with respect to a wireless signal in a high frequency band (e.g., an mmWave band), or perform an amplification function with respect to the wireless signal. For example, the wireless communication circuit  430  may include an LNA and/or a PA, perform an amplification function using an LNA when receiving a wireless signal, and perform an amplification function using a PA when transmitting a wireless signal. According to an embodiment, the wireless communication circuit  430  may include a split/combiner and phase shifter circuit, and may control a phase difference with respect to multiple high frequency band signal using the split/combiner and phase shifter circuit. According to an embodiment, the wireless communication circuit  430  may at least partially combine electromagnetic signals input or output through the multiple antenna elements, and generate a signal in a beam form having directionality and control the signal to be emitted along a configured direction. 
     According to an embodiment, the first substrate  400 , the second substrate  510 , the antenna structure  410 , and the wireless communication circuit  430  may be at least partially fixed, based on a conductive bonding process  561 - 577  (e.g., soldering and a soldering process). For example, the second substrate  510  may be disposed to be inserted into the recess area  540  of the first substrate  400  and may be at least partially fixed to the first substrate  400 , based on the conductive bonding process  566 ,  567 ,  568 ,  569 ,  570 . The antenna structure  410  may be at least partially fixed to the first substrate  400  and the second substrate  510 , based on the conductive bonding process  561 ,  562 ,  563 ,  564 ,  565 . The wireless communication circuit  430  may be at least partially fixed to a lower surface of the first substrate  400 , based on the conductive bonding process  571 ,  572 ,  573 ,  574 ,  575 ,  576 ,  577 . According to an embodiment, each of substrates may be fixed to each other through a conductive bonding process (e.g., soldering), thus reinforcing rigidity of each substrate. The conductive bonding process may not be limited to a specific position and performed in consideration of placement of internal components and a wire structure. 
     According to an embodiment, the antenna structure  410  (e.g., the third substrate), the first substrate  400 , and/or the second substrate  510  may be designed to have different characteristics. For example, since high-speed signal transmission is not essential and a size and integration are high, the first substrate  400  may be implemented based on a material not causing much cost when designed. The first substrate  400  may have a relatively high transmission loss compared to the antenna structure  410  and the second substrate  510 . The antenna structure  410  may be implemented to have a small size antenna to reduce a resonant wavelength length at a desired operating frequency. The antenna structure  410  (e.g., the third substrate) may be implemented to have a high dielectric constant (DK) (e.g., a relative dielectric constant) value to be implemented to have a small size antenna. For example, the DK value may indicate a ratio of a dielectric constant of a measuring object and a dielectric constant in a vacuum state (e.g., air) (e.g., a relative dielectric constant is about 1). The antenna structure  410  may be implemented to have substantially the same permittivity as that of the second substrate  510  to reduce transmission loss with respect to an electrical signal. For example, the second substrate  510  may be designed to have a form in which multiple layers are stacked, and a distance between a layer including the matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  and a GND layer may be small. The second substrate  510  may be designed to have a thick thickness of the matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  to facilitate impedance tuning with respect to an electrical signal and may be implemented to have a low dielectric constant (DK) (e.g., a relative dielectric constant) value. A thickness of the second substrate  510  may be determined based on a depth (e.g., the first length  550 ) of the recess area  540 . For example, the second substrate  510  may be implemented, based on a material (e.g., a liquid crystal polymer) having a low relative dielectric constant. According to an embodiment, the second substrate  510  may be implemented to have DK and permittivity relatively lower than those of the first substrate  400  and/or the antenna structure  410 . 
     According to an embodiment, a size of the second substrate  510  may be determined based on a size of the recess area  540  included in the first substrate  400 . The second substrate  510  may be disposed to be inserted into the recess area  540  and thus a whole thickness including the second substrate  510 , the antenna structure  410 , and the first substrate  400  may be reduced. According to an embodiment, space utilization with respect to the inside of the electronic device  101  may be improved. 
       FIG.  6 A  is a cross-sectional view illustrating a first process of manufacturing a first substrate  400  according to various embodiments.  FIG.  6 B  is a cross-sectional view illustrating a second process of manufacturing a first substrate  400  according to various embodiments.  FIG.  6 C  is a cross-sectional view illustrating a third process of manufacturing a first substrate  400  according to various embodiments.  FIG.  6 D  is an exploded cross-sectional view illustrating an example of an operation of coupling an antenna structure  410 , a second substrate  510 , a first substrate  400 , and/or a wireless communication circuit  430  according to various embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG.  6 A , the first substrate  400  may include multiple conductive layers and/or multiple non-conductive layers alternately stacked with the multiple conductive layers. The first substrate  400  may be implemented to have a form in which multiple layers are stacked. According to an embodiment, the first substrate  400  may be formed to have a from including the recess area  540  (e.g., the recess area  402  in  FIG.  4 A , and a groove) such that the second substrate (e.g., the second substrate  510  in  FIG.  4 A ) is at least partially coupled thereto, based on staked multiple layers. For example, some layers among multiple layers forming the first substrate  400  may be designed to include an opening for implementing the recess area  540 . Referring to  FIG.  6 A , the recess area  540  may be implemented to have a form in which layers including an opening are stacked to form a groove having a depth of a first length  550  on the first substrate  400 . Referring to  FIG.  6 A , the first substrate  400  may be manufactured to have the recess area  540  filled with a dielectric material (general material). The first substrate  400  may be implemented as a form including at least one via  611 ,  612 ,  613 ,  614  (e.g., the at least one via  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  in  FIG.  5   ) penetrating the first substrate  400 . For example, at least one via  611 ,  612 ,  613 ,  614  may be used as an electrical connection path for respectively connecting at least one matching circuit (e.g., the at least one matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  in  FIG.  5   ) included in the second substrate  510  and a wireless communication circuit (e.g., the wireless communication circuit  430  in  FIG.  5   ). The at least one via  611 ,  612 ,  613 ,  614  may include a first via  611 , a second via  612 , a third via  613 , and/or a fourth via  614 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  6 B , the first substrate  400  may be subject to a second process in which the dielectric material filled in the recess area  540  is removed. For example, the dielectric material may be removed from the first substrate  400  using a milling machine to etch the dielectric material. Referring to  FIG.  6 B , the first substrate  400  may secure an insertion space corresponding to the recess area  540  such that the second substrate  510  may be inserted thereinto. 
     Referring to  FIG.  6 C , the first substrate  400  may be subject to a plating process (e.g., a third process) with respect to a portion exposed to an external environment. For example, a plating process may be performed with respect to a portion (e.g.,  630  and  640 ) exposed to the outside, based on a first surface (e.g., a surface exposed to the outside when view from above (e.g., viewed from the z-axis direction along the -z-axis direction) of the first substrate  400  and a second surface facing a direction opposite to the first surface. For example, the plating process may be performed based on portions corresponding to one end  633 ,  634 ,  637 ,  638  and another end  642 ,  643 ,  646 ,  647  of the at least one via  611 ,  612 ,  613 ,  614 , or a portion  631 ,  632 ,  635 ,  636 ,  639 ,  639 - 1  which corresponds to the first surface of the first substrate  400  and is exposed to the outside and a portion  641 ,  644 ,  645 ,  648  which corresponds to the second surface facing a direction opposite to the first surface and is exposed to the outside. According to an embodiment, in the first substrate  400 , a metal member to which the plating process is performed may include a conductive pad. For example, the conductive pad may be formed on a partial area of the first substrate  400  and used as an electrical connection member for electrical connection between the second substrate  510  disposed on the first surface of the first substrate  400  and the wireless communication circuit  430  disposed on the second surface of the first substrate  400 . 
     According to an embodiment, the second substrate  510  may be electrically connected to the first substrate  400 , based on a conductive bonding process (e.g., soldering and a soldering process) with respect to a conductive pad  632 ,  633 ,  634 ,  635 ,  636 ,  637 ,  638 ,  639  formed on the first surface of the first substrate  400 . According to an embodiment, the wireless communication circuit  430  may be electrically connected to the first substrate  400 , based on a conductive bonding process with respect to a conductive pad  641 ,  642 ,  643 ,  644 ,  645 ,  646 ,  647 ,  648  formed on the second surface of the first substrate  400 . According to an embodiment, the second substrate  510  and the wireless communication circuit  430  may be electrically connected to each other through a conductive pad  633 ,  634 ,  637 ,  638 ,  642 ,  643 ,  646 ,  647  formed based on at least one via  611 ,  612 ,  613 ,  614  included in the first substrate  400 . 
       FIG.  6 D  is an exploded cross-sectional view illustrating an operation of coupling an antenna structure  410 , a second substrate  510 , a first substrate  400 , and/or a wireless communication circuit  430 . For example, the second substrate  510  may be coupled to the first substrate  400  in a form of being inserted into the recess area  540  formed on the first substrate  400  along a first direction  651  (e.g., the -z-axis direction). The antenna structure  410  may be at least partially coupled to the first substrate  400  and the second substrate  510  in a form of covering the second substrate  510  along the first direction  651 . The wireless communication circuit  430  may be at least partially coupled to the lower end of the first substrate  400  along a second direction  652  (e.g., the z-axis direction). In an embodiment, the antenna structure  410 , the second substrate  510 , and the first substrate  400 , and the wireless communication circuit  430  may be coupled and fixed to each other by a soldering method (e.g., a conductive bonding process and soldering). For example, by performing a conductive bonding process (e.g., soldering) with respect to a first conductive pad  632 ,  633 ,  634 ,  635 ,  636 ,  637 ,  638 ,  639  formed so as to correspond to the first surface (e.g., a surface exposed to the outside along a second direction (the z-axis direction)), the first substrate  400  may be electrically connected to the second substrate  510 . For example, by performing a conductive bonding process (e.g., soldering) with respect to a second conductive pad  641 ,  642 ,  643 ,  644 ,  645 ,  646 ,  647 ,  648  formed so as to correspond to the second surface (e.g., a surface exposed to the outside along a first direction (the -z-axis direction), the first substrate  400  may be electrically connected to the wireless communication circuit  430 . For example, the antenna structure  410  may be electrically connected to the first substrate  400  and the second substrate  510 , based on a third conductive pad  631 ,  639 - 1  formed so as to correspond to the first surface of the first substrate  400  and a one-end contact part  511 - 1 ,  512 - 1 ,  513 - 1 ,  514 - 1  of the at least one matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  included in the second substrate  510 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  6 D , an other-end contact part  511 - 2 ,  512 - 2 ,  513 - 2 ,  514 - 2  of the at least one matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  included in the second substrate  510  may be electrically connected to a (1-1)th conductive pad  633 ,  634 ,  637 ,  638  formed so as to correspond to the at least one via  611 ,  612 ,  613 ,  614  included in the first substrate  400 . A one-end contact part  511 - 1 ,  512 - 1 ,  513 - 1 ,  514 - 1  of the at least one matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  included in the second substrate  510  may be electrically connected to the at least one circuit  521 ,  522 ,  523 ,  524  (e.g., a wire, a line, a hole, and a via) included in the antenna structure  410 . For example, the second substrate  510  and the antenna structure  410  may be electrically connected to each other through a conductive bonding process (e.g., soldering). For example, at least one circuit  521 ,  522 ,  523 ,  524  may be electrically connected to the at least one antenna element  420  disposed on the antenna structure  410 . For example, the first antenna element  421  may be electrically connected to a first one-end contact part  511 - 1  of a first matching circuit  511  through a first circuit  521 . A first other-end contact part  511 - 2  of the first matching circuit  511  may be electrically connected to the wireless communication circuit  430  through the first via  611  of the first substrate  400 . The wireless communication circuit  430  may transmit a signal to the first antenna element  421  and perform wireless communication with an external device (e.g., a server) through the first matching circuit  511  included in the second substrate  510 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  6 D , a (2-1)th conductive pad  642 ,  643 ,  646 ,  647  formed corresponding the at least one via  611 ,  612 ,  613 ,  614  included in the first substrate  400  may be electrically connected to the wireless communication circuit  430 . According to an embodiment, the at least one matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  included in the second substrate  510  may be variously implemented based on a position of the at least one circuit  521 ,  522 ,  523 ,  524  included in the antenna structure  410  and a position of the at least one via  611 ,  612 ,  613 ,  614  included in the first substrate  400 . 
       FIG.  7    is a diagram illustrating an example matching circuit included in a second substrate  510  according to various embodiments. 
     According to various embodiments with reference to  FIG.  7   , the second substrate  510  may include at least one matching circuit  711 ,  712 ,  713 ,  714  (e.g., the at least one matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  in  FIG.  5   ) corresponding to the at least one antenna element  420 . For example, the at least one antenna element  711 ,  712 ,  713 ,  714  may be respectively connected so as to correspond to the at least one antenna element  421 ,  422 ,  423 ,  424 . In the second substrate  510 , an one-end contact part  721 ,  722 ,  723 ,  724  with respect to the at least one matching circuit  711 ,  712 ,  713 ,  714  may be exposed to the outside, corresponding to a first surface  701  of the second substrate  510  facing a first direction (e.g., the z-axis direction), and the one-end contact parts  721 ,  722 ,  723 ,  724  may be electrically connected to the at least one antenna elements  421 ,  422 ,  423 ,  424 , respectively. In the second substrate  510 , an other-end contact part  731 ,  732 ,  733 ,  734  with respect to the at least one matching circuit  711 ,  712 ,  713 ,  714  may be exposed to the outside, corresponding to a second surface  702  of the second substrate  510  facing a direction (e.g., a second direction and the -z-axis direction) opposite to the first surface  701 , and the other-end contact parts  731 ,  732 ,  733 ,  734  may be electrically connected to the wireless communication circuit  430  through the at least one via (e.g., the at least one via  531 ,  532 ,  533 ,  534  in  FIG.  5   ) of the first substrate  400 . 
     For example, the first antenna element  421  may be electrically connected to a first one-end contact part  721  of the first matching circuit  711  and electrically connected to the wireless communication circuit  430  through a first other-end contact part  731  of the first matching circuit  711 . According to an embodiment, the at least one matching circuit  711 ,  712 ,  713 ,  714  may be implemented in a form of a conductive pattern. For example, the at least one matching circuit  711 ,  712 ,  713 ,  714  may include an additional pattern  741 ,  742 ,  743 ,  744  in addition to the one-end contact part  721 ,  722 ,  723 ,  724  and the other-end contact part  731 ,  732 ,  733 ,  734 , and the additional pattern  741 ,  742 ,  743 ,  744  may be used as an electrical path for a signal. At least one additional pattern  744  of the additional pattern  741 ,  742 ,  743 ,  744  may be connected to a ground portion (e.g., a GND and a ground). 
     According to an embodiment, the second substrate  510  may be designed to have a thick thickness of the matching circuit  711 ,  712 ,  713 ,  714  to facilitate impedance tuning with respect to an electrical signal and may be implemented to have low dielectric constant (DK) (e.g., a relative dielectric constant). For example, the second substrate  510  may be implemented, based on a material (e.g., a liquid crystal polymer) having a low relative dielectric constant. According to an embodiment, the second substrate  510  may be implemented to have DK and permittivity relatively lower than those of the first substrate  400  and/or the antenna structure  410 . The second substrate  510  may be implemented to have low permittivity to increase transmission efficiency with respect to an electrical signal. 
       FIG.  8    is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device including an example in which antenna elements are attached to a second substrate  510  as individual components according to various embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG.  8   , the second substrate  510  may be at least partially inserted into or coupled to the recess area  540  of the first substrate  400 . The second substrate  510  may include at least one matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  corresponding to the at least one antenna element  420 . For example, the at least one matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  may be respectively connected so as to correspond to the at least one matching circuit  421 ,  422 ,  423 ,  424 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  8   , one or more antenna elements  421 ,  422 ,  423 ,  424  may be disposed to independent antenna structures  410 - 1 ,  410 - 2 ,  410 - 3 ,  410 - 4 , respectively. For example, a first antenna element  421  may be disposed on a first antenna structure  410 - 1  and may be electrically connected to the first matching circuit  511  of the second substrate  510  through the first circuit  521  of the first antenna structure  410 - 1 . For example, the first antenna structure  410 - 1  may be at least partially disposed on the second substrate  510  through a conductive bonding process (e.g., soldering). A second antenna element  422  may be disposed on a second antenna structure  410 - 2  and may be electrically connected to the second matching circuit  512  of the second substrate  510  through the second circuit  522  of the second antenna structure  410 - 2 . For another example, a third antenna element  423  or a fourth antenna element  424  may be applied substantially identical to the first antenna element  421 . According to an embodiment, at least one antenna element may be disposed on the antenna structure and each antenna element may be designed as an individual component. 
     According to an embodiment, at least one antenna element  421 ,  422 ,  423 ,  424  may be used as an array antenna and arranged at regular intervals. According to an embodiment, the antenna structure may be electrically connected to the second substrate  510  through a conductive bonding process (e.g., soldering). 
     According to various example embodiments, an electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  101  in  FIG.  1   ) may include: a housing, a first substrate (e.g., the first substrate  400  in  FIG.  4 A  and a main PCB) disposed in an inner space of the housing and including a first surface facing a first direction (e.g., the z-axis direction), a second surface facing a direction (e.g., the -z-axis direction) opposite to the first surface, and a first recess area (e.g., the recess area  402  in  FIG.  4 A ) at least partially corresponding to the first surface, a second substrate (e.g., the second substrate  510  in  FIG.  4 A  and a sub PCB) disposed in the first recess area of the first substrate, a third substrate (e.g., the antenna structure  410  in  FIG.  4 A ) at least partially disposed on one surface of the second substrate and including multiple antenna elements including at least one antenna (e.g., the antenna element  420  in  FIG.  4 A ), and a wireless communication circuit (e.g., the wireless communication circuit  430  in  FIG.  4 A ) disposed on the second surface of the first substrate and electrically connected to the second substrate. The second substrate may include at least one matching circuit (e.g., the matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  in  FIG.  5   ) electrically connected to the wireless communication circuit and corresponding to each of the multiple antenna elements. 
     According to an example embodiment, the first substrate may include at least one via (e.g., the via  531 ,  532 ,  533 ,  534  in  FIG.  5   ) configured to electrically connect the second substrate and the wireless communication circuit. 
     According to an example embodiment, the first substrate may be have at least one layer stacked, a layer included in a first group among the at least one layer may include an opening corresponding to the first recess area. 
     According to an example embodiment, one end of the at least one matching circuit included in the second substrate may be electrically connected to the at least one antenna element included in the third substrate, and another end thereof may be electrically connected to the wireless communication circuit through the via included in the first substrate. 
     According to an example embodiment, the third substrate includes the at least one antenna element disposed at regular intervals and may comprise an array antenna based on the at least one antenna element. 
     According to an example embodiment, the third substrate may include a first antenna structure (e.g., the first antenna structure  410 - 1  in  FIG.  8   ) on which a first antenna element comprising an antenna is disposed, and a second antenna structure (e.g., the second antenna structure  410 - 2  in  FIG.  8   ) on which a second antenna element comprising an antenna is disposed and comprise an array antenna based on the first antenna element and the second antenna element. 
     According to an example embodiment, the third substrate may be at least partially disposed on at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate. 
     According to an example embodiment, the second substrate may comprise a material having permittivity lower than a permittivity of the first substrate or transmission loss less than a specified threshold with respect to an electrical signal. 
     According to an example embodiment, the third substrate may have a dielectric constant (DK) value greater than a DK value of the first substrate and the second substrate and a permittivity substantially the same as a permittivity of the second substrate. 
     According to an example embodiment, the number of the at least one matching circuit may be based on the number of the antenna elements disposed on the third substrate, and the at least one matching circuit may comprise a conductive pattern. 
       FIG.  9 A  is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device in which a second substrate  510  and a wireless communication circuit  430  are directly connected according to various embodiments.  FIG.  9 B  is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device including a form in which antenna elements  420  are arranged in one antenna structure  410  in the structure shown in  FIG.  9 A  according to various embodiments.  FIG.  9 C  is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device in which at least two antenna elements are arranged in one antenna structure in the structure shown in  FIG.  9 A  according to various embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG.  9 A , the first substrate  910  (e.g., the first substrate  400  in  FIG.  4 A ) may include multiple conductive layers and/or multiple non-conductive layers alternately stacked with the multiple conductive layers. The first substrate  910  may be implemented to have a form in which multiple layers are stacked. According to an embodiment, the first substrate  910  may include multiple layers stacked in a form including a first recess area  921  (e.g., a furrow, a groove, and a cavity) for receiving the second substrate  510  (e.g., the second substrate  510  in  FIG.  4 A ) at least partially coupled thereto and a second recess area  922  for receiving a wireless communication circuit  430  (e.g., the wireless communication circuit  430  in  FIG.  4 A ) at least partially located therein. For example, layers included in a first group among multiple layers forming the first substrate  910  may be designed to include an opening for implementing the first recess area  921 , and layers included in a second group may be designed to include an opening for forming the second recess area  922 . For example, the first recess area  921  may be implemented to have a first depth  911  (e.g., a first length) by stacking the layers included in the first group, and the second recess area  922  may be implemented to have a second depth  912  (e.g., a second length) by stacking the layers included in the second group. When the layers included in the first group are stacked, the first recess area  921  having the first depth  911  may be implemented, and when the layers included in the second group are stacked, the second recess area  922  having a second depth  912  may be implemented. According to an embodiment, the first recess area  921  may include an opening having a size relatively larger than that of the second recess area  922 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  9 A , the second substrate  510  may be coupled to the first substrate  910  in a form of being inserted into the first recess area  921 , and the wireless communication circuit  430  may be located on the first substrate  910  in a form of being inserted into the second recess area  922 . The second substrate  510  and the wireless communication circuit  430  may be in direct or physical contact with each other and may be electrically connected to each other. 
     In an embodiment, the first recess area  921  and the second recess area  922  may communicate with each other and one opening may be formed to penetrate the first substrate  910 . For example, a size of the one opening may be determined based on the second recess area  922 . According to an embodiment, the second substrate  510  and the wireless communication circuit  430  may be directly or physically connected to each other through the one opening. 
     Referring to  FIG.  9 A , the second substrate  510  may include at least one matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  corresponding to the at least one antenna element  420 . For example, the at least one matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  may be respectively connected so as to correspond to the at least one matching circuit  421 ,  422 ,  423 ,  424 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  9 A , one or more antenna elements  421 ,  422 ,  423 ,  424  may be disposed to independent antenna structures  931 ,  932 ,  933 ,  934 , respectively. For example, a first antenna element  421  may be disposed on a first antenna structure  931  and may be electrically connected to the first matching circuit  511  of the second substrate  510  through the first circuit  521  of the first antenna structure  931 . A second antenna element  422  may be disposed on a second antenna structure  932  and may be electrically connected to the second matching circuit  512  of the second substrate  510  through the second circuit  522  of the second antenna structure  932 . For another example, a third antenna element  423  or a fourth antenna element  424  may be applied substantially identical to the first antenna element  421 . According to an embodiment, at least one antenna element may be disposed on the antenna structure and each antenna element may be designed as an individual component. 
     Referring to  FIG.  9 B , in the arrangement structure shown in  FIG.  9 A , at least one antenna elements  421 ,  422 ,  423 ,  424  may be arranged on one antenna structure  410  at regular intervals. For example, each of antenna elements may be arranged on the antenna structure  930  parallel with each other and may be electrically connected to the matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  of the second substrate  510  through the at least circuit  521 ,  522 ,  523 ,  524  included in the antenna structure  930 . The at least one antenna element  421 ,  422 ,  423 ,  424  may be used as an array antenna and arranged parallel with each other at regular intervals. 
     According to an embodiment, the structure in  FIG.  9 B  may have both ends of the antenna structure  930  attached and fixed to the first substrate  910  and thus has rigidity relatively stronger than the structure in  FIG.  9 A . 
     Referring to  FIG.  9 C , in the arrangement structure shown in  FIG.  9 A , at least one antenna elements  421 ,  422 ,  423 ,  424  may be arranged on a first antenna structure  941  and/or a second antenna structure  942  at regular intervals. For example, the first antenna element  421  and the second antenna element  422  may be disposed on the first antenna structure  941  and may be electrically connected to matching circuits  511 ,  512  of the second substrate  510  through the first circuit  521  and the second circuit  522  included in the first antenna structure  941 . For example, the third antenna element  423  and the fourth antenna element  424  may be disposed on the second antenna structure  942  and may be electrically connected to matching circuits  513 ,  514  of the second substrate  510  through the third circuit  523  and the fourth circuit  524  included in the second antenna structure  942 . The at least one antenna element  421 ,  422 ,  423 ,  424  may be used as an array antenna and arranged parallel with each other at regular intervals. 
     According to an embodiment, in the structure in  FIG.  9 C , a portion of the first antenna structure  941  may be attached to the first substrate  910  and a remaining portion of the first antenna structure  941  may be attached to the second substrate  510 . In the structure in  FIG.  9 C , a portion of the second antenna structure  942  may be attached to the first substrate  910  and a remaining portion of the second antenna structure  942  may be attached to the second substrate  510 . The structure in  FIG.  9 C  includes the first antenna structure  941  and the second antenna structure  942  which are disposed over the first substrate  910  and the second substrate  510  and may thus have rigidity relatively stronger than that of the structure in  FIG.  9 A . However, the structure in  FIG.  9 C  may have rigidity relatively weaker than that of the structure in  FIG.  9 B . 
       FIG.  10 A  is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device in which a first antenna structure  1031  is disposed to correspond to a surface (e.g., a surface facing a second direction  1052  (e.g., the z-axis direction) of a second substrate  510  and a second antenna structure  1032  is disposed to correspond to the other surface (e.g., a surface facing a first direction  1051  (e.g., the -z-axis direction) of the second substrate  510  according to various embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG.  10 A , a first substrate  1010  (e.g., the first substrate  400  in  FIG.  4 A ) may include multiple conductive layers and/or multiple non-conductive layers alternately stacked with the multiple conductive layers. The first substrate  1010  may be implemented to have a form in which multiple layers are stacked. According to an embodiment, the first substrate  1010  may include multiple layers stacked in a form including a first recess area  1011  (e.g., the first recess area  921  in  FIG.  9 A , a furrow, a groove, and a cavity) for receiving the second substrate  510  (e.g., the second substrate  510  in  FIG.  4 A ) at least partially coupled thereto and a second recess area  1012  (e.g., the second recess area  922  in  FIG.  9 A ) for receiving a wireless communication circuit  1030  (e.g., the wireless communication circuit  430  in  FIG.  4 A ) and a second antenna structure  1032  at least partially coupled thereto. For example, layers included in a first group among multiple layers forming the first substrate  1010  may be designed to include an opening for implementing the first recess area  1011 , and layers included in a second group may be designed to include an opening for forming the second recess area  1012 . For example, the first recess area  1011  may be implemented to have a first depth  1041  (e.g., a first length) by stacking the layers included in the first group, and the second recess area  1012  may be implemented to have a second depth  1042  (e.g., a second length) by stacking the layers included in the second group. 
     Referring to  FIG.  10 A , the second substrate  510  may be at least partially coupled to the first substrate  1010  in a form of being inserted into the first recess area  1011 , and the wireless communication circuit  1030  may be at least partially coupled to the second substrate  510  in a form of being inserted into the second recess area  1012 . The second substrate  510  and the wireless communication circuit  1030  may be in direct or physical contact with each other and may be electrically connected to each other. 
     Referring to  FIG.  10 A , the second substrate  510  may include the first antenna structure  1031  disposed on one surface thereof along the first direction  1051  and the second antenna structure  1032  disposed on the other surface thereof along the second direction  1052 . For example, the first antenna structure  1031  may include a first antenna element  1033  and a second antenna element  1034  disposed thereon, and the second antenna structure  1032  may include a third antenna elements  1035  and a fourth antenna element  1036  disposed thereon. The second substrate  510  may include at least one matching circuit  1021 ,  1022 ,  1023 ,  1024  for electrically connecting the at least one antenna element  1033 ,  1034 ,  1035 ,  1036  to the wireless communication circuit  1030 . For example, the at least one matching circuit  1021 ,  1022 ,  1023 ,  1024  may be respectively connected so as to correspond to the at least one matching circuit  1033 ,  1034 ,  1035 ,  1036 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  10 A , the first antenna structure  1031  on which the first antenna element  1033  and the second antenna element  1034  among multiple antenna elements  1033 ,  1034 ,  1035 ,  1036  are disposed may be at least partially disposed on a first surface  502  (e.g., the first surface  502  of the second substrate  510  in  FIG.  4 A ) of the second substrate  510  and a first surface  1013  (e.g., the first surface  404  of the first substrate  400  in  FIG.  4 A ) of the first substrate  1010 . The second antenna structure  1032  on which the third antenna element  1033  and the fourth antenna element  1034  among multiple antenna elements  1035 ,  1036 ,  1035 ,  1036  are disposed may be at least partially coupled to a second surface  504  (e.g., the second surface  504  of the second substrate  510  in  FIG.  4 A ) of the second substrate  510 . According to an embodiment, the first antenna element  1031  may be disposed so as to correspond to the first surface  502  of the second substrate  510 , and the second antenna structure  1032  may be disposed so as to correspond to the second surface  504  of the second substrate  510 , which corresponds to an opposite direction of the first surface. According to an embodiment, the number of antenna elements disposed on the first antenna structure  1031  and the second antenna structure  1032  is not limited, and the number of matching circuits included in the second substrate  510  is also not limited. 
     According to an embodiment, the second substrate  510  may include the first antenna structure  1031  disposed on the first surface  502  thereof along the first direction  1051  and the second antenna structure  1032  disposed on the second surface  504  thereof along the second direction  1052 . The first antenna structure  1031  and the second antenna structure  1032  may be disposed to have a form in which signals are radiated in opposite directions. According to an embodiment, the first antenna structure  1031  and the second antenna structure  1032  may include antenna elements each independently formed in a form of an antenna array. 
       FIG.  10 B  is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device in which a (1-1)th antenna structure  1031 - 1  is disposed to correspond to a surface (e.g., the first surface  502 ) of a second substrate  510  and a second antenna structure  1032  is disposed to correspond to the other surface (e.g., the second surface  504 ) of the second substrate  510  according to various embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG.  10 B , a first substrate  1060  (e.g., the first substrate  400  in  FIG.  4 A ) may include multiple conductive layers and/or multiple non-conductive layers alternately stacked with the multiple conductive layers. The first substrate  1060  may be implemented to have a form in which multiple layers are stacked. According to an embodiment, the first substrate  1060  may include multiple layers stacked in a form including a first recess area  1061  (e.g., a furrow, a groove, and a cavity) for receiving the second substrate  510  (e.g., the second substrate  510  in  FIG.  4 A ) at least partially coupled thereto and a second recess area  1062  for receiving a second antenna structure  1032  at least partially coupled thereto. For example, layers included in a first group among multiple layers forming the first substrate  1060  may be designed to include a first opening for implementing the first recess area  1061 , and layers included in a second group may be designed to include a second opening for forming the second recess area  1062 . For example, the first recess area  1061  may be implemented to have a first depth  1041  (e.g., a first length) by stacking the layers included in the first group, and the second recess area  1062  may be implemented to have a second depth  1042  (e.g., a second length) by stacking the layers included in the second group. 
     Referring to  FIG.  10 B , the second substrate  510  may be at least partially coupled to the first substrate  1060  in a form of being inserted into the first recess area  1061  so as to correspond to a first surface  1063  (e.g., the first surface  404  of the first substrate  400  in  FIG.  4 A ) of the first substrate  1060  along the first direction  1051 . The wireless communication circuit  1030  (e.g., the wireless communication circuit  430  in  FIG.  4 A ) may be at least partially disposed on the second surface  1064  (e.g., the second surface  406  of the first substrate  400  in  FIG.  4 A ) of the first substrate  1060  along the second direction  1052 . The first substrate  1060  may include at least one via (e.g., the via  531 ,  532 ,  533 ,  534  in  FIG.  5   ) for electrically connecting the wireless communication circuit  1030  and the second substrate  510 . According to an embodiment, the second substrate  510  may be electrically connected to the wireless communication circuit  1030  through the at least one via included in the first substrate  1060 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  10 B , the second substrate  510  may include at least one matching circuit  1071 ,  1072 ,  1073 ,  1074  electrically connected based on the at least one antenna element  1033 ,  1034 ,  1035 ,  1036 . For example, the at least one matching circuit  1071 ,  1072 ,  1073 ,  1074  may be respectively connected so as to correspond to the at least one matching circuit  1033 ,  1034 ,  1035 ,  1036 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  10 B , the (1-1)th antenna structure  1031 - 1  on which the first antenna element  1033  and the second antenna element  1034  among multiple antenna elements  1033 ,  1034 ,  1035 ,  1036  are disposed may be at least partially disposed on a first surface  502  (e.g., the first surface  502  of the second substrate  510  in  FIG.  4 A ) of the second substrate  510  and a first surface  1063  (e.g., the first surface  404  of the first substrate  400  in  FIG.  4 A ) of the first substrate  1010 . The second antenna structure  1032  on which the third antenna element  1035  and the fourth antenna element  1036  among multiple antenna elements  1035 ,  1036 ,  1035 ,  1036  are disposed may be at least partially coupled to a second surface  504  (e.g., the second surface  504  of the second substrate  510  in  FIG.  4 A ) of the second substrate  510 . According to an embodiment, a size of the first recess area  1061  may be determined based on a size of the second substrate  510 , and a size of the second recess area  1062  may be determined based on a size of the second antenna structure  1032 . Referring to  FIG.  10 B , the wireless communication circuit  1030  may be at least partially coupled to the first substrate  1060  along the second direction  1052 . According to an embodiment, the number of antenna elements disposed on the (1-1)th antenna structure  1031 - 1  and the second antenna structure  1032  is not limited, and the number of matching circuits included in the second substrate  510  is also not limited. 
     According to an embodiment, the (1-1)th antenna element  1031 - 1  may further include a first antenna element  1033 , a second antenna element  1034 , a fifth antenna element  1081 , and/or a sixth antenna element  1082 . For example, a matching circuit included in the second substrate  510  may be further added based on the fifth antenna element  1081  or the sixth antenna element  1082 . According to an embodiment, the (1-1)th antenna structure  1031 - 1  and the second antenna structure  1032  may be disposed to have a form in which signals are radiated in opposite directions. According to an embodiment, antenna elements included in the (1-1)th antenna structure  1031 - 1  may be arranged in a form of an antenna array. 
     According to an embodiment, since a space corresponding to the second recess area  1032  of the structure in  FIG.  10 B  is relatively smaller than that of the structure in  FIG.  10 A  (e.g., since a space occupied by the first substrate  1060  of the structure in  FIG.  10 B  is relatively larger than that of the structure in  FIG.  10   a   ), the structure in  FIG.  10 B  may have relatively stronger rigidity. 
       FIG.  11    is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device in which an antenna structure  410 , a second substrate  510 , and/or a wireless communication circuit  430  are coupled to each other on a first substrate  1110  including a first recess area  1111  implemented thereon such that the second substrate  510  is inserted thereinto and a second recess area  1112  implemented such that the wireless communication circuit  430  is inserted thereinto according to various embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG.  11   , the first substrate  1110  (e.g., the first substrate  400  in  FIG.  4 A ) may include multiple conductive layers and/or multiple non-conductive layers alternately stacked with the multiple conductive layers. The first substrate  1110  may be implemented to have a form in which multiple layers are stacked. According to an embodiment, the first substrate  1110  may include multiple layers stacked in a form including a first recess area  1111  (e.g., a furrow, a groove, and a cavity) for receiving the second substrate  510  (e.g., the second substrate  510  in  FIG.  4 A ) at least partially coupled thereto and a second recess area  1112  for receiving a wireless communication circuit  430  (e.g., the wireless communication circuit  430  in  FIG.  4 A ) at least partially coupled thereto. For example, layers included in a first group among multiple layers forming the first substrate  1110  may be designed to include a first opening for implementing the first recess area  1111 , and layers included in a second group may be designed to include a second opening for forming the second recess area  1112 . For example, the first recess area  1111  may be implemented to have a first depth  1141  (e.g., a first length) by stacking the layers included in the first group, and the second recess area  1112  may be implemented to have a second depth  1142  (e.g., a second length) by stacking the layers included in the second group. Some layers of the multiple layers may be implemented to include at least one via  531 ,  532 ,  533 ,  534  for electrically connecting the second substrate  510  and the wireless communication circuit  430 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  11   , the second substrate  510  may be at least partially coupled to the first substrate  1110  in a form of being inserted into the first recess area  1111 , and the wireless communication circuit  430  may be at least partially coupled to the first substrate  1110  in a form of being inserted into the second recess area  1112 . For example, the first substrate  1110  may include at least one via  531 ,  532 ,  533 ,  534  electrically connecting the second substrate  510  and the wireless communication circuit  430 . According to an embodiment, the second substrate  510  and the wireless communication circuit  430  may be electrically connected to each other through the at least one via  531 ,  532 ,  533 ,  534  of the first substrate  1110 . 
     Since the structure in  FIG.  11    includes some layers of the multiple layers forming the first substrate  1110  not including an opening, and thus may have rigidity relatively stronger than the structure in  FIG.  10 A  and the structure in  FIG.  10 B . 
     According to various example embodiments, an electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  101  in  FIG.  1   ) may include: a housing, a first substrate (e.g., the first substrate  910  in  FIG.  9 A  and a main PCB) disposed in an inner space of the housing and including a first surface facing a first direction (e.g., the z-axis direction), a second surface facing a direction opposite to the first surface, a first recess area (e.g., the first recess area  921  in  FIG.  9 A ) at least partially corresponding to the first surface, and a second recess area (e.g., the second recess area  922  in  FIG.  9 A ) at least partially corresponding to the second surface, a second substrate (e.g., the second substrate  510  in  FIG.  4 A  and a sub PCB) disposed in the first recess area of the first substrate, a third substrate (e.g., the antenna structure  410  in  FIG.  4 A ) at least partially disposed on one surface of the second substrate and including multiple antenna elements including at least one antenna (e.g., the antenna element  420  in  FIG.  4 A ), and a wireless communication circuit (e.g., the wireless communication circuit  430  in  FIG.  4 A ) disposed in the second recess area of the first substrate. The second substrate may include at least one matching circuit (e.g., the matching circuit  511 ,  512 ,  513 ,  514  in  FIG.  5 A ) electrically connected to the wireless communication circuit corresponding to each of the multiple antenna elements. 
     According to an example embodiment, the first substrate may include at least one stacked layer, a layer included in a first group among the at least one layer may include a first opening corresponding to the first recess area, and a layer included in a second group among the at least one layer may include a second opening corresponding to the second recess area. 
     According to an example embodiment, one end of the at least one matching circuit included in the second substrate may be electrically connected to the at least one antenna element included in the third substrate, and another end thereof may be electrically connected to the wireless communication circuit. 
     According to an example embodiment, the second substrate and the wireless communication circuit may be physically and directly connected to each other, based on the first recess area and the second recess area. 
     According to an example embodiment, the first substrate may include a hole penetrating the first substrate, based on the first recess area and the second recess area. 
     According to an example embodiment, the third substrate may include a first antenna structure including an antenna (e.g., the first antenna structure  1031  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed based on one surface of the second substrate disposed in the first recess area and a second antenna structure including an antenna (e.g., the second antenna structure  1032  in  FIG.  10 A ) disposed on the other surface of the second substrate based on the second recess area. 
     According to an example embodiment, the first antenna structure may include at least one first antenna element disposed at regular intervals, and a wireless communication signal may be emitted along the first direction (e.g., the z-axis direction), based on the at least one first antenna element. 
     According to an example embodiment, the second antenna structure may include at least one second antenna element disposed at regular intervals, and a wireless communication signal may be radiated along the second direction (e.g., the z-axis direction), based on the at least one second antenna element. 
     According to an example embodiment, the second antenna structure may be disposed on the other surface of the second substrate together with the wireless communication circuit, based on the second recess area (e.g., the second recess area  1012  in  FIG.  10 A ). 
     According to an example embodiment, the second substrate comprise a material having a permittivity less than a permittivity of the first substrate or transmission loss less than a transmission loss with respect to an electrical signal. 
     According to an example embodiment, the third substrate may be at least partially disposed on at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate. 
     According to an example embodiment, the number of the at least one matching circuit may be based on the number of the antenna elements disposed on the third substrate, and the at least one matching circuit may comprise a conductive pattern. 
     According to an example embodiment, the first substrate (e.g., the first substrate  1110  in  FIG.  11   ) may include at least one via (e.g., the via  531 ,  532 ,  533 ,  534  in  FIG.  11   ) configured to connect the first recess area (e.g., the first recess area  1111  in  FIG.  11   ) and the second recess area (e.g., the second recess area  1112  in  FIG.  11   ), one end of the at least one matching circuit may be electrically connected to the at least one antenna element included in the third substrate, and another end of the least one matching circuit may be electrically connected to the wireless communication circuit through the at least one via of the first substrate. 
     The electronic device according to various embodiments may be one of various types of electronic devices. The electronic devices may include, for example, a portable communication device (e.g., a smartphone), a computer device, a portable multimedia device, a portable medical device, a camera, a wearable device, a home appliance, or the like. According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the electronic devices are not limited to those described above. 
     It should be appreciated that various embodiments of the present disclosure and the terms used therein are not intended to limit the technological features set forth herein to particular embodiments and include various changes, equivalents, or replacements for a corresponding embodiment. It is intended that features described with respect to separate embodiments, or features recited in separate claims, may be combined unless such a combination is explicitly specified as being excluded or such features are incompatible. 
     With regard to the description of the drawings, similar reference numerals may be used to refer to similar or related elements. 
     It is to be understood that a singular form of a noun corresponding to an item may include one or more of the things, unless the relevant context clearly indicates otherwise. 
     As used herein, each of such phrases as “A or B,” “at least one of A and B,” “at least one of A or B,” “A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” and “at least one of A, B, or C,” may include any one of, or all possible combinations of the items enumerated together in a corresponding one of the phrases. 
     As used herein, such terms as “1st” and “2nd,” or “first” and “second” may be used to simply distinguish a corresponding component from another, and does not limit the components in other aspect (e.g., importance or order). 
     It is to be understood that if an element (e.g., a first element) is referred to, with or without the term “operatively” or “communicatively”, as “coupled with,” “coupled to,” “connected with,” or “connected to” another element (e.g., a second element), the element may be coupled with the other element directly (e.g., wiredly), wirelessly, or via a third element. 
     As used in connection with various embodiments of the disclosure, the term “module” may include a unit implemented in hardware, software, or firmware, or any combination thereof, and may interchangeably be used with other terms, for example, “logic,” “logic block,” “part,” or “circuitry”. A module may be a single integral component, or a minimum unit or part thereof, adapted to perform one or more functions. For example, according to an embodiment, the module may be implemented in a form of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). 
     Various embodiments as set forth herein may be implemented as software (e.g., the program  140 ) including one or more instructions that are stored in a storage medium (e.g., internal memory  136  or external memory  138 ) that is readable by a machine (e.g., the electronic device  101 ). For example, a processor (e.g., the processor  120 ) of the machine (e.g., the electronic device  101 ) may invoke at least one of the one or more instructions stored in the storage medium, and execute it, with or without using one or more other components under the control of the processor. This allows the machine to be operated to perform at least one function according to the at least one instruction invoked. The one or more instructions may include a code generated by a compiler or a code executable by an interpreter. The machine-readable storage medium may be provided in the form of a non-transitory storage medium. Wherein, the “non-transitory” storage medium is a tangible device, and may not include a signal (e.g., an electromagnetic wave), but this term does not differentiate between where data is semi-permanently stored in the storage medium and where the data is temporarily stored in the storage medium. 
     According to an embodiment, a method according to various embodiments of the disclosure may be included and provided in a computer program product. The computer program product may be traded as a product between a seller and a buyer. The computer program product may be distributed in the form of a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM)), or be distributed (e.g., downloaded or uploaded) online via an application store (e.g., PlayStore™), or between two user devices (e.g., smart phones) directly. If distributed online, at least part of the computer program product may be temporarily generated or at least temporarily stored in the machine-readable storage medium, such as memory of the manufacturer&#39;s server, a server of the application store, or a relay server. 
     According to various embodiments, each component (e.g., a module or a program) of the above-described components may include a single entity or multiple entities, and some of the multiple entities may be separately disposed in different components. According to various embodiments, one or more of the above-described components may be omitted, or one or more other components may be added. Alternatively or additionally, a plurality of components (e.g., modules or programs) may be integrated into a single component. In such a case, according to various embodiments, the integrated component may still perform one or more functions of each of the plurality of components in the same or similar manner as they are performed by a corresponding one of the plurality of components before the integration. According to various embodiments, operations performed by the module, the program, or another component may be carried out sequentially, in parallel, repeatedly, or heuristically, or one or more of the operations may be executed in a different order or omitted, or one or more other operations may be added. 
     While the disclosure has been illustrated and described with reference to various example embodiments, it will be understood that the various example embodiments are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. It will be further understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the true spirit and full scope of the disclosure, including the appended claims and their equivalents. It will also be understood that any of the embodiment(s) described herein may be used in conjunction with any other embodiment(s) described herein.