Patent Publication Number: US-8525786-B1

Title: Multi-directional remote control system and method with IR control and tracking

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION INFORMATION 
     The present application claims priority under 35 USC 119(e) to U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/159,001 filed Mar. 10, 2009, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to remote control systems for controlling entertainment systems, such as televisions, multimedia systems, Internet access systems and browsers, and related methods. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art and Related Information 
     A need has arisen for providing multi-directional mouse type control capabilities in the living room along with the ability to control the conventional entertainment devices typically present in the living room. For example, combined PC and TV systems have been introduced which integrate the capabilities of the personal computer with the television. One such system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,675,390. Also, set top Internet access devices have been introduced which integrate Internet access capabilities with conventional televisions. The ability to provide full control of a PC or an Internet browser typically requires the use of a keyboard and a multi-directional controller such as a mouse. A conventional remote control is therefore inadequate for control of such combined entertainment systems. Also, the advent of digital video recorders (DVRs), wireless networking systems for video, audio and picture transfer to TVs, and other digital devices linked to the TV has introduced many more functions to TV control, including complex display menus, introducing a need for a better remote control interface. 
     Wireless keyboards are one addition to the conventional remote control in the living room that have been introduced to allow the user of a combined PC and TV system or the user of a TV Internet access device to provide convenient text input, for example for creating emails or searching. However, convenient control of PC type functions also requires an ability to interface with a Graphical User Interface (GUI). To address this need wireless keyboards may include an up-down-left-right control to move around in a limited GUI interface. This type of up-down-left-right control is also typically added to conventional remotes and used to navigate a cable TV menu or digital TV peripheral device menu, such as a DVR. This type of up-down-left-right control is more restricted and clumsy to use than a mouse type controller and limits the flexibility of a GUI interface and the menu layout. Alternatively, wireless keyboards may include an integrated trackball or other pointing device to provide mouse type control of the PC or Internet functions. These types of multi-directional controls are less natural and convenient to use than a separate mouse controller. Also, such systems require both hands to use making simple one handed navigation of a GUI TV interface impossible. A wireless mouse controller is an option, however, a mouse requires a clean flat surface within easy reach and is not convenient for a living room setting. Some attempts have been made to provide a mouse type controller suitable for living room use, for example, using gyroscopic motion detection, however such controllers suffer from various problems such as cost, complexity and lack of naturalness of use. Furthermore, to provide all the desired types of controls of a PC/TV entertainment system three separate wireless remote controls would be needed, a hand-held remote control, a wireless keyboard and a freely movable mouse type control. This of course introduces undesirable cost, a confusing number of control functions, and clutter in the living room. 
     Accordingly, the addition of complex digital devices as well as PC and/or Internet access capabilities to the conventional TV based entertainment system has introduced the problem of controlling such systems with a convenient yet full function remote control system. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In a first aspect the present invention provides a remote control method, comprising operating a remote control in a first mode employing an infrared LED in the remote to transmit modulated signals to a receiver to control a system including a display, operating the remote control in a second mode employing the LED to transmit a substantially unmodulated signal, tracking the remote control position using a camera imaging an area including the remote control and tracking the LED operating in the second mode, and controlling the position of a cursor or other object displayed on the display using the detected remote control position. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the remote control method the substantially unmodulated LED signal is continuously on. Alternatively, the substantially unmodulated LED signal has an on cycle sufficiently high to appear continuously on at the camera frame rate. In response to a button activation on the remote modulated signals may be transmitted in the first mode of LED operation to transmit a control signal to the receiver to initiate a tracking operation algorithm prior to switching to the second mode of LED operation. In response to button activation or release on the remote control the LED may then exit the second mode of operation and transmit modulated signals in the first mode to the receiver to exit the tracking operation. The method may also cause the tracking operation to be exited if the LED is not detected for a predetermined time interval. 
     In another aspect the present invention provides a remote control, comprising a housing including one or more buttons including at least a button for initiating a tracking operation, a first IR LED transmitter for wirelessly transmitting modulated control signals to a separate device in response to activation of the buttons, a second IR LED for transmitting a substantially continuous IR signal in response to activation of the button for initiating a tracking operation, and a microcontroller controlling timing of activation of the first and second IR LEDs. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the remote control the second LED is higher power than the first LED. The second LED also preferably has a wider beam angle than the first LED. The second LED may be on continuously when tracking operation is initiated. Alternatively, the second LED may be on at a sufficiently high duty cycle to appear continuously on to a camera when tracking operation is initiated. 
     In another aspect the present invention provides a remote control method for controlling a system including a display, comprising operating the remote control in response to activation of a button on the remote to cause an LED to transmit a substantially unmodulated signal, tracking the remote control position using a camera imaging an area including the remote control and tracking the LED, and controlling the position of a cursor or other object displayed on the display using the detected remote control position. The method further comprises detecting release of the button and initiating a first timer window, detecting reactivation of the button within the first timer window and initiating a second timer window, detecting release of the button within the second timer window and initiating a third timer window, and selecting a function corresponding to position of the cursor or other object on the display if the tracking LED is not reactivated within the third timer window. 
     Further features and advantages of the present invention will be appreciated from the following detailed description of the invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an improved entertainment system in accordance with the present invention in a presently preferred embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  is a top view of the remote controller of the present invention in a presently preferred embodiment. 
         FIG. 3  is a block schematic diagram illustrating control circuitry of the remote controller of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic diagram illustrating the image data captured by the imager of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram illustrating the image data after background processing, which image data corresponds to the desired image data, and derived relative position information. 
         FIG. 6  is a flow diagram illustrating the processing of image data by the system of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  is a simplified schematic of the display control/input device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 8  is a flow diagram illustrating the process flow of the display control/input device for converting detected position data to a cursor or other GUI multi-directional control function. 
         FIG. 9A  is a process flow diagram corresponding to activation of conventional remote control buttons. 
         FIG. 9B  is a process flow diagram corresponding to multi-directional control. 
         FIG. 10A  is a graphical depiction of a transition in IR output when switching from control to tracking operation. 
         FIG. 10B  is a graphical depiction of a transition in IR output when selecting during tracking operation. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The disclosures of U.S. utility patent application Ser. No. 11/255,647 filed Oct. 21, 2005, and PCT application PCT/US2006/041306, filed Oct. 23, 2006, now assigned utility patent application Ser. No. 12/083,811, are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
     The present invention provides a remote control system and method adapted for use with an entertainment system employing a multi-directional control function such as a GUI control interface. Any such multi-directional control capability is referred to herein, for shorthand purposes only, as a GUI interface. In  FIG. 1  an improved entertainment system in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in a perspective view in a presently preferred embodiment. Details of such systems beyond the novel control features described herein are known and will not be described in detail herein. For example, a PC/TV system with internet access is one example of such an entertainment system and is disclosed in the above noted &#39;390 patent, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     In one embodiment this invention is directed to a system and method for moving a cursor on a screen of a display by analyzing images of one or more LEDs contained in a handheld remote control captured by a stationary camera in proximity to the screen. The user presses and holds a predefined button on the remote control to move the cursor. The signal from the remote control activates a tracking algorithm on a microprocessor, which analyzes captured images of the LEDs to calculate a displacement for the cursor and move the cursor. When the user releases the predefined button, the tracking algorithm stops. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , the entertainment system  100  includes a multi-directional remote controller  110 , a display  112 , which for example may be a TV or monitor, a primary display control/input device  114  and a secondary display control/input device  116 . Primary display control/input device  114  and secondary display control/input device  116  may comprise any of a variety of devices using a TV or display for output. Primary control/input device  114  is adapted for a GUI interface control displayed on the display  112 . For example, the primary input device  114  may comprise a multi-media PC such as in the above noted &#39;390 patent or other device adapted for utilizing a multi-directional control, such as a GUI interface. Other examples of primary input device  114  include digital cable or satellite TV boxes, DVR systems, networked digital media systems adapted for media transfer from a networked PC, internet steaming media devices, digital video game players, etc. A variety of possible devices may therefore comprise primary input device  114 . Furthermore the functionality of input device  114  may be incorporated in the display system  112  and is simply illustrated as a separate device for illustration of one possible configuration. Secondary input device  116  may also comprise any of a variety of known devices employed in entertainment systems and may include a DVR, cable TV box, or other digital or combined analog and digital interface device. Device  116  may incorporate a GUI type interface or a more conventional interface for TV systems adapted for, e.g. a push button LED remote control. Also, the functionality of device  116  may be incorporated along with device  114  or display  112  and again the illustration of a separate input device is purely for illustration of a possible configuration and without limitation. Plural devices  114 ,  116  are shown to clarify that the control system of the present invention may control a conventional device as well as a GUI device, with an (optional) combined universal remote/multi-directional control capability in one embodiment of a controller  110  as described below. 
     System  100  includes an imager or camera  150  which receives light in its field of view including IR light from conventional IR LED(s) in controller  110 . Imager  150  may comprise a suitable commercially available digital imager, for example commercially available imagers providing relatively high-quality digital images and which are sensitive to IR light are available at relatively low cost and may be advantageously employed for imager  150 . The output of imager  150  will be image data corresponding to the pixels in the field of view of the imager  150 , which field of view is suitably chosen to encompass the area in front of the controller including the controller  110  shown in  FIG. 1 . An IR filter may advantageously be provided in front of the imager or incorporated in the camera lens assembly to reduce background image while passing the IR light from controller  110 . The pixel data output from imager  150  is provided to a processor in device  114  which may be a suitably programmed general purpose processor, forming part of a PC for example, programmed in a manner to provide the image processing and cursor control functions described in more detail below. 
     Remote controller  110  in combination with the imager and image data processing provides a multi-directional control capability which is schematically illustrated by control of cursor  118  displayed in the monitor  112 . The image data may be processed to provide absolute pointing position control over cursor  118  or the data may provide movement control over the cursor corresponding to changes in image position between frames. It should be appreciated however that a variety of different multi-directional control interfaces may be employed other than a cursor such as in a typical mouse control of a PC. For example the multi-directional controller  110  may control highlighting and selection of different icons or other GUI interface layouts displayed on the screen of display  112  by device  114  and/or device  116 . Also, the multi-directional controller could simply enable rapid scrolling through large channel lists such as in digital cable menus without the tedious up-down-left-right scrolling typically employed. As will be described in more detail below, remote controller  110  thus provides a freely movable multi-directional motion based control similar to a mouse control of a PC but without being limited to use on a flat surface. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , the remote controller  110  is illustrated in more detail in a top view. As shown, the remote controller may have a configuration similar to a typical remote control employed in an entertainment system. Alternatively, the controller  110  may have a shape more similar to a mouse type controller or other desirable ergonomic configuration adapted for use in one hand in a living room setting. The top surface of the controller housing  120  may include a number of first remote control inputs indicated generally at  122 . This first set of control inputs  122  may include conventional remote control functions typically found in hand-held TV remote controls or universal remote controls adapted to control multiple entertainment devices such as TVs, DVRs, CD players, DVD players, etc. Therefore the first set of remote control inputs  122  may include the volume up and down set of controls  124 , a channel up and down set of controls  126 , a power button  128  and a set of numeric inputs  130 . Also, a number of programmable or special purpose control buttons may be provided that are indicated generally as buttons  132 . As further illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the first set of controls  122  preferably include conventional up, down, left, right (UDLR) navigation buttons  136  and an OK or Select button  138  which together provide conventional navigation of a menu. The first set of controls  122  activate a conventional IR LED wireless transmitter  134  configured at one end of the housing  120 . A button  140  is preferably provided to activate the multi-directional control capability of the controller  110  by transmitting a control signal to device  114  via IR transmitter  134 . This may at the same time cause the control input device  114  to display cursor  118  and/or a suitable menu adapted for multi-directional control on the display screen  112 . The imager  150  detects the IR signal from the controller and moves the cursor. With the multi-directional control by image data processing the remote  110  thus provides dual mode navigation in a simple conventional remote configuration. 
     Although one button  140  is shown several menu buttons may be provided which enable display of the appropriate menu and at the same time enable the multi-directional control capability. Also some or all of the functions of inputs  122  may be allocated to GUI control on the screen. The controller  110  may also provide various degrees of enhanced “universal control” GUI capability over various devices, such as device  116  or TV  112  as described in more detail in the above noted &#39;647 and &#39;811 applications. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , a block schematic diagram is illustrated showing the circuitry of the remote controller. As shown in  FIG. 3 , the controller circuitry includes microprocessor (or microcontroller)  154  which controls IR transmitter  134  to transmit signals to the output control device  114  (or  116 ) shown in  FIG. 1  in response to activation of keys  122  (shown in  FIG. 2 ) provided from key detect circuit  156 . Microprocessor  154  may also store codes for universal control operation. An (optional) receiver  148  may also be provided, e.g. to receive a signal from device  114  with information from device  114 , e.g. to customize the control functions for different GUI interfaces. If device  114  has a networked wireless interface, such as a WiFi interface, controller  110  may also employ this protocol and be networked with device  114 . Microprocessor  154  also receives as an input the control signal from switch  140  which, as described in detail in  FIG. 5 , may transmit a control signal from transmitter  134  to activate a menu or other interface signaling activation of the multi-direction controller function and a GUI interface. A single IR transmitter may be employed for transmitting both modulated control signals and a IR signal for tracking under the control of microprocessor  154 . Two transmitters  134  and  142  may be advantageously employed however were the control signals from switches  122  provide a conventional LED type control signal which may be used for standard remote protocols and IR transmitter  142  provides a signal better adapted for tracking, for example, having a different transmission scheme with less or no off modulation for easier tracking or a wider beam pattern or higher power. Also, both IRs  134 ,  142  may be activated simultaneously during tracking operation for added brightness and to provide a two LED image as an aid in detection and tracking. 
     Next, referring to  FIGS. 4-6  the image processing implemented by processor  328  in  FIG. 7  will be described in more detail. First of all, referring to  FIG. 6  the first stage in the image processing is to capture a frame of image data as illustrated at  300 . In  FIG. 4  the image data captured by imager  150  is illustrated. As shown, the field of view  200  includes image data (pixels)  202  corresponding to the desired object (remote control  110  shown in  FIG. 1 ) as well as background image data  203 . The image data  202  has several characteristics which distinguish it from the background and which allow it to be reliably detected by the image processing software. These characteristics include the following: the image data  202  will be brighter than the background (after IR filtering); the image data  202  will not be static (the remote will be in motion); and the IR within image region of interest  202  will have a round shape. These characteristics may be employed to eliminate the irrelevant background images and clearly discern the image  202 . Next, referring to  FIG. 6 , at  302 , the image processing flow proceeds to eliminate background image data and isolate the image data  202 . This processing employs some or all of the above noted unique characteristics of the image  202  to eliminate the background image data. In particular, as shown in  FIG. 4  by the shaded area, a majority of the background image data  203  will have a brightness substantially less than image data  202  and this portion of the background can be rejected by rejecting the pixel data below a reference brightness threshold. The remaining groups of image data will correspond to relatively bright objects which may occur in the field of view, illustrated for exemplary purposes in  FIG. 4  by image data  204 ,  206 . For example, such image data may correspond to a bright object such as a lamp&#39;s image data  204 . Also, reflected image data  206 , for example corresponding to a reflection off of a coffee table or other reflective surface in the field of view may be present. Image data  204  and  206  may be readily eliminated by using shape and movement selective processing. Additional characteristics of the desired data  202  may be used if necessary. Also, reflections of the remote LED itself may be eliminated by doing a comparison of the brightness of the two images and selecting the brighter of the two objects. Furthermore, the reflections may be substantially eliminated from the image data by employing a polarized filter in the lens assembly  144 . 
     In the unlikely event that the image processing locks onto an incorrect object a simple reset may be provided, e.g. simply releasing button  140  or some other manually activated input. This allows the user to reset the image tracking system, for example if it inadvertently locks onto a window in a room, after pointing the controller at the display screen and hitting a reset button. 
     After the above noted processing the remaining image data corresponds to the desired image data  202 , namely an area of interest surrounding the remote LED, as generally illustrated in  FIG. 5 . The processing flow then proceeds to derive the center of the image from this remaining image data at processing step  304 , illustrated in  FIG. 6 . The process flow next proceeds to derive the relative position of the center of the detected image  208  to the center  210  of the field of view  200  (and the center of the optical axis of the imager lens assembly). As shown in  FIG. 5 , this offset information may be readily calculated from the image center pixel information derived previously and offset values X,Y may be derived as shown. Alternatively, purely image feature motion detection may be used for the multi-directional control, without employing the relative position offset of the imager axis to the detected image feature. Instead changes in the position of the detected image feature between frames may be used to provide motion control. The position information determined at  304  may then be just the change in image position from a prior frame. However, while the approach using imager axis offset information allows either pointing position based or motion based control, this approach only allows the latter. 
     Next, referring to  FIGS. 7 and 8  the control processing using the position data, is shown. 
     As shown in  FIG. 7  the input device  114  will include a receiver  324  for receiving the image data from camera  150 , which may be a standard port if a wired connection to the camera is provided. An IR receiver  322  is provided for receiving the remote control input signals from the control inputs  122  on the remote control and also from the multi-directional control button  140 . The receiver  322  is coupled to suitable demodulation and amplification circuits  326 , which in turn provide the received demodulated IR transmitted data to a microprocessor  328 . A transmitter  325  and modulator  327  may also be provided to communicate with the controller  110  or a networked wireless device. Microprocessor  328  will perform a number of functions which will depend on the particular device and will include functional block  330  for providing image processing and control of a GUI interface based on received image data from the camera and functional block  332  for providing remote-control functions from the other inputs  122  in controller  110 . Although these functional blocks are illustrated as part of the system microprocessor  328  and may be programs implemented on a general purpose processor, it will be appreciated they may be also provided as separate circuits or separately programmed microprocessors dedicated to the noted functions. 
     Referring to  FIG. 8 , a simplified process flow for converting the position data to a multi-directional control function is illustrated. As shown at  350 , the process flow begins when a GUI or other multi-directional control mode is entered and the appropriate display will be provided on the display screen  112 . Next the process flow activated by entry into the multi-directional control mode operates to determine the position of the controller  110  as described above. At  370  the position information is then processed and translated to cursor position information. Converting the position information to cursor position control information at  370  may employ a variety of different functions depending on the particular application and entertainment system configuration and intended use. In general, this translation operation will provide a mapping between the received position information and cursor position based on a sensitivity which may be user adjustable. In particular, the user may choose to adjust the sensitivity based on how close the screen is to the user which will affect the amount of angular motion of the controller  110  required to move the cursor a particular amount in the display screen. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 9-10  the dual mode IR LED control and tracking operation is illustrated. 
     In  FIG. 9A  the process flow corresponding to activation of buttons  122  is shown. This flow illustrates conventional remote control functionality including button detection  400 , transmission of modulated IR control signals  410  using transmitter  134  ( FIGS. 2 and 3 ) and detection and decoding of the IR signals at receiver and demodulator  322 ,  326  at device  114  to activate the selected function  420 . This control flow may include standard navigation and selection using UDLR and select buttons  136 ,  138  ( FIG. 2 ). 
     In  FIG. 9B  the process flow corresponding to multi-directional control is shown. At  500  the button  140  activation is detected at the remote which initiates multi-directional control by transmitting a coded IR signal using transmitter  134  which signal is detected and decoded at receiver and demodulator  322 ,  326  at device  114  at  520 . This causes device  114  to display cursor  118  at  520  (and/or display a GUI menu), and initiates tracking of the IR at  530 . The tracking  530  process flow is generally shown in  FIG. 6  described above and includes image capture  300 , background processing  302  using known features of the IR image from the LED transmitter to eliminate background image data and detection of the position of the remote IR LED at  304 . This process flow is performed in microprocessor  328  which may be a suitably programmed general purpose processor. At  540  the cursor displayed on the screen is moved by tracking the IR image from frame to frame. In a motion based control, as the detected IR position moves up, down, left or right in the camera field of view the cursor position is correspondingly changed. Additional processing may be employed such as smoothing for jitter control, etc. Processing variations and details are described in more detail in the above noted &#39;647 and &#39;811 applications. 
     Referring to  FIG. 10A , a graphical depiction of a transition in IR output when switching from control to tracking operation is shown. The IR control operation described above may use a conventional IR modulation scheme and a variety of such schemes are known. Most modulation schemes incorporate some form of amplitude modulation typically superposed on a carrier of 30 to 40 KHz. Such a modulated signal is shown schematically at  802 . This modulated signal may have unpredictable stretches of low amplitude IR which can result in tracking difficulty by causing flashing effects in the camera image or a variation in size of the LED in the image from frame to frame. In  FIG. 10A  the specific modulated signal  802  corresponds to a coded IR signal responsive to button  140  which is detected at receiver  322  and indicates entry into the IR tracking mode ( 520  and  530  in  FIG. 9B ). At the end of transmission of the signal  802  the microprocessor  154  switches the IR signal to an unmodulated or high average amplitude signal  804 . Although shown as a flat fixed amplitude signal it may comprise a high frequency carrier which for example at 30-40 KHz will appear constant from frame to frame and will not cause tracking problems of the IR by the camera. Also, some duty cycling of signal  804  may be provided to reduce power consumption and LED lifetime while providing sufficiently consistent ON operation to ensure consistent IR signal levels within a camera frame exposure time. When the button  140  is released to exit tracking a transition back to a modulated signal at  806  occurs under control of the microprocessor  154  which provides an off code to signal exit of tracking to device  114  via receiver  322 . This corresponds to step  560  in  FIG. 9B . Alternatively the button release may simply terminate the IR LED operation and the absence of the IR may be detected at receiver  322  and control exit of tracking at  560 . The camera tracking may also be employed to detect exit step  560  with the IR image disappearing triggering exit step  560 . However, preferably the detected IR at receiver  322  is also employed to maintain tracking operation to avoid a false detection in the image processing locking operation in tracking mode. Therefore, preferably both receiver  322  and camera  150  (with image processing) must detect the IR during tracking or a robust button release code  806  is used to avoid false detection lock. Instead of changing the modulation of IR LED  134  at  804  to increase IR brightness for tracking, a second IR LED  142  may be activated by microprocessor  154  in response to button  140  at entry into the IR tracking mode ( 520  and  530  in  FIG. 9B ) providing a stronger signal  804 . Such second IR transmitter  142  may have an altered beam pattern from IR LED  134 , for example having a wider pattern, to facilitate tracking as the remote is turned through an angle to control cursor movement. 
     Referring to  FIG. 10B , a graphical depiction of a transition in IR output when selecting during tracking operation, corresponding to step  550  in  FIG. 9B , is shown. At  900  the system is in tracking mode and the cursor is being moved responsive to movement of the remote. When the cursor is at a position over an icon or other selection point, the button  140  may simply be released and clicked again to select. Specifically, at  902  the release of button  140  corresponds to a transition in IR output, either to a coded exit signal (such as  806  in  FIG. 10A ) or a turn off of the LED. This transition is detected either by receiver  322  or by the camera and image processing. This detection initiates a timer under control of microprocessor  328  with a window t 1 . If button  140  is pressed within this window the IR reappears and is detected at  904 , by receiver  322  detecting a coded signal or by the camera and image processing. This detection initiates a second timer under control of microprocessor  328  with a window t 2 . If a second button  140  release is detected within window t 2  by receiver  322  detecting a coded signal or by the camera and image processing at  906 , this initiates a third timer under control of microprocessor  328  with a window t 3 . If timer window t 3  times out without a new IR detection event a valid selection is determined at  908  and the selected menu function activated. This selection process allows tracking and selection with a single button  140 . Windows t 1 , t 2  and t 3  are chosen so temporary button release to reposition the users hand during tracking will not trigger selection. For example, t 1  and t 2  may be about 250 ms, and t 3  about 750 MS. 
     Alternatively, menu selection from tracking mode at  550  may be made with a separate button in which case selection would be by detection of a IR code received at receiver  322 . In such case a button having a function when not in tracking mode, such as OK/select used during normal navigation, could be shared with the tracking selection if desired. Also, two types of selection may be provided, such as normal left and right mouse button selecting in mouse style cursor control of a PC. In this case the flow of  FIG. 9B  could be used for left mouse button selection type control and a separate button employed for right mouse control functions. Similarly, a separate button may be used for tracking  540  ( FIG. 9B ) from activation  500 - 510 . Therefore, while the above described flow allows convenient use of a single button (shown as  140  in  FIG. 2 ) for each of multi-directional activation, cursor movement and selection, separate buttons may be used for one or more of these functions shown in  FIG. 9 . For example, one or more of buttons  132  ( FIG. 2 ) may be assigned such functions. Also standard function remote buttons may be simply reassigned functionality for multi-directional control. Therefore, standard remote control navigation (such as UDLR/OK  138 ) may be combined with multi-directional navigation in a standard remote configuration. 
     It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely an illustration of the present invention in currently preferred implementations. A wide variety of modifications to the illustrated embodiments are possible while remaining within the scope of the present convention. Therefore, the above description should not be viewed as limiting but merely exemplary in nature.