Patent Publication Number: US-5158202-A

Title: Plate

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a generally flat glazed article that is produced by firing in a kiln, such as a glazed dinner plate. 
     A glazed dinner plate is fired while standing on a saggar. Because the glaze will stick fast to the saggar during the firing process, it is important that any part of the plate that will be in contact with the saggar should be free from glaze. 
     A typical plate has a foot-ring on which it stands. This foot-ring is a small protrusion from the underside of the generally flat plate. Normally, it has the same general form as the outline of the plate, being for instance circular on a circular plate and, for ease of manufacture, a continuous circle. However, it is also possible to have a foot-ring which comprises only segments of the circle or the other appropriate geometric shape, which is normally similar to the shape of the outline of the plate. In any case, the bottom of this foot-ring is the only part of the plate to come in contact with the saggar during firing. Consequently, all parts of the plate other than the bottom of the foot-ring may be covered with glaze. 
     According to the conventional manufacturing technique, the plate is first totally covered with glaze and the bottom of the foot-ring is wiped clean prior to firing. As a result the bottom of the foot-ring remains unglazed, leaving the finished plate with a rough surface which, even after polishing, remains slightly abrasive. When plates are stacked, one upon another, the unglazed bottom of the foot-ring of one plate stands upon the glazed upper surface of the plate beneath, and can scratch the glaze. When large numbers of plates are staked on a regular basis, such as in an hotel or other catering establishment, the risk of scratching is increased. The very action of stacking or unstacking plates means that the unglazed bottom of the foot-ring is drawn across the glazed upper surface of the plate beneath. In a tall stack the weight of the plates above presses each plate hard against the one beneath. The daily movement of such stacks of plates from wash place, to storage area, to dining area, and back again, tends further to increase this scratching effect by grinding the plates one upon another, so that the glaze on the upper surface of the plates becomes dull and possibly discolored. 
     Various techniques have been tried to obviate or reduce this scratching effect. One solution is to glaze the bottom of the plate&#39;s foot-ring so that it will be as smooth as the rest of the plate. This is achieved by glazing the whole plate, and then firing it while it is supported from below on three pins. However, this requires that the plate be sufficiently rigid to stand on the pins without distortion. This necessary rigidity can only be achieved by pre-firing the plate, which makes the manufacturing process more complicated and expensive. In addition, the three pins leave small defects in the glaze of the underside of the plate. Moreover, because such plates are uniformly shiny, they tend to slide about when stacks of plates are moved, increasing the risk of breakages. 
     Another method of avoiding the problem is to shape the plate so that, when it is stacked on a similar plate, only the rim of the plate is in contact with the next plate. Such a technique requires that the rim of the plate has an edge portion with an enlarged vertical extension to enable one plate to &#34;hang&#34; in another without its foot-ring touching the upper surface of the plate below. This gives the plate a &#34;bowl&#34; profile, which may not be acceptable for normal dinner plates. Such plates are also more difficult to handle when stacking and unstacking them in large numbers. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention may be used to avoid the drawbacks mentioned above and yet provide a plate which may be manufactured economically by normal production methods and whose profile is generally conventional. This is achieved by providing the plate with inner and outer foot-rings protruding from its underside and having their bottom surfaces at different horizontal levels, and only the foot-ring having its bottom surface on a higher level is glazed on its bottom surface. To ensure maximum stability of the plate the foot-rings have the same general outline as the plate. Preferably, the plate and the foot-rings are basically circular. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the foot-ring whose bottom surface is on a lower level is the inner foot-ring, so that the plate stands on the inner foot-ring while being fired. As the outer foot-ring does not touch the saggar on which the inner foot-ring is standing during the firing process, it may be totally glazed with the rest of the plate. Further, the upper surface of the plate is so shaped that, when the plate is stacked on another similar plate, only the outer, totally glazed foot-ring touches the plate beneath, whereas the rough unglazed inner foot-ring remains out of contact with the plate beneath. Thereby the wear caused by the unglazed bottom surface of a foot-ring scratching the plate beneath is minimized. 
     In order to enable such plates to stand more steadily one upon another, in a preferred embodiment of the invention the upper surface of the plate is provided with a small step, to coincide with the outside of the outer foot-ring of the plate above. When similar plates of this design are stacked, the outer foot-ring of a plate engages with this step on the upper surface of the plate beneath and this prevents it from sliding from side to side when being transported. It is possible to form this step as one side of a shallow groove. This gives the benefit that the groove may also be used for decorative purposes. In either case the dimensions of the step are such that sufficient clearance remains between the edges of the plates to ensure ease of handling. 
     When stacking and unstacking plates of this design, only the fully glazed outer foot-ring is drawn across the glazed surface of the plate beneath. Even if the unglazed bottom surface of the inner foot-ring may theoretically contact the plate beneath, this does not happen during a normal stacking or unstacking operation, provided that the plates are properly formed. 
     In order to make certain that the plate stands steadily on a table or similar flat supporting surface, while at the same time allowing proper space for the outer foot-ring, the inner foot-ring should preferably have a diameter of 45% to 70% of the diameter of the plate. For obtaining a good pile stability it is preferred that the outer foot-ring should have a diameter of 65% to 85% of the diameter of the plate. For obtaining a suitable difference in horizontal level of the two foot-rings while still keeping the plate fairly flat, the distance between the two foot-rings should preferably be 7% to 15% of the diameter of the plate. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a plate according to the invention, standing on a flat surface, 
     FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a plate according to the invention, standing on a similar plate, and 
     FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c are sectional views showing a plate according to the invention being drawn over a similar plate. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     FIG. 1 shows a plate 1 according to the invention standing on a flat supporting surface 2. The plate 1 is circular and is formed with inner and outer circular foot-rings 3 and 4, which are concentric with the plate. The inner foot-ring 3 is in contact with the flat surface 2, but the outer foot-ring 4 is at a distance of about one millimeter or more above the surface 2. There is a circular step or groove 5 on the upper surface of the plate for receiving the fully glazed outer foot-ring 4 when similar plates are stacked. Because of the difficulty of achieving accurate dimensions in ceramic dinner plates, there must be a reasonable dimensional tolerance in the step and foot-ring fit in order to ensure that the bottom of the foot-ring 4 of the upper plate will be received in the step 5 of the lower plate when the upper plate is placed concentrically on the lower plate. Therefore, the inner and outer radii of the step 5 are, respectively, slightly less than and slightly greater than the inner and outer radii of the bottom of the outer foot-ring 4. 
     FIG. 2 shows two plates 1a and 1b according to the invention stacked one upon the other. The upper plate 1a rests on the lower plate through its fully glazed outer foot-ring 4 whose bottom engages in the step 5 of the lower plate 1b. The partially unglazed inner foot-ring 3 of the upper plate 1a does not touch the lower plate 1b at all. 
     FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c show plate 1a being drawn across plate 1b, for instance when stacking or unstacking. During a normal stacking or unstacking operation, the glazed foot-ring 4 of the upper plate 1a contacts the lower plate 1b at or near its rim and prevents the partially unglazed inner foot-ring 3 from contacting the lower plate. The inner foot-ring of the upper plate does not contact the lower plate during normal handling. 
     The invention is not limited to the embodiment shown, but several modifications thereof are feasible within the scope of the attached claims.