Patent Publication Number: US-RE49515-E

Title: Medicament delivery device

Description:
CROSS REFERENCECROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This is an application for reissue of U.S. Pat. No. 10,512,724, which issued on Dec. 24, 2019. 
     The present application is a U.S. National Phase Application pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Application No. PCT/EP2015/074463 filed Oct. 22, 2015, which claims priority to Swedish Patent Application No. 1451399-8 filed Nov. 20, 2014. The entire disclosure contents of these applications are herewith incorporated by reference into the present application. 
     TECHNICAL AREA 
     The present disclosure relates to a medicament delivery device that is provided with communication capabilities. 
     BACKGROUND 
     There is a constant development of medicament delivery devices that are intended and designed to be used and handled by users that are not qualified nursing staff or physicians, i.e. handled by the patients themselves. Because the patients themselves handle the treatment, based on a specific treatment scheme, the physicians treating the patient have no direct information that the treatment schemes are followed as prescribed. 
     In order to obtain more information regarding the treatment, a number of devices have been developed that are capable of monitoring the dose delivery operations and to store this information. Some devices are also capable of transmitting the information to external storage locations that are accessible to a trained healthcare staff. This enables access to relevant dose delivery information to e.g. a physician of a patient. 
     Document U.S. Pat. No. 8,361,026 discloses a medicament delivery device that is arranged with a number of intelligent functions that may monitor the operation of the device. Among the functions are monitoring of appliance and/or adherence of the patient and uploading of the information to a suitable storage means of a remote device, where the latter could be a remote communication network, a computer, a smart phone, personal digital assistant, etc. Information could also be downloaded to the medicament delivery device to be accessible to the user, such as if the drug of a medicament in the device has been recalled by the manufacturer of the drug, that the drug has expired or updated user information. In this regard, the device is arranged with a number of switches that are activated during different functional stages. 
     In order for the device to function it is energized before use by pressing a start button, thus requiring a specific handling step in order to be able to use the device. Further, when the device is energized, its different electronics components and many functions will consume energy. This may be a pronounced drawback if the device is energized but not used directly for some reason. There is further a risk that the start button is operated unintentionally, thereby energizing the device by accident. If the device then is to be used at a later state, the power source of the device may be depleted of power. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION 
     The aim of the present disclosure is to remedy the drawbacks of the state of the art medicament delivery devices. This aim is obtained by a medicament delivery device comprising the features of the independent patent claim. Preferable embodiments of the disclosure form the subject of the dependent patent claims. 
     According to one aspect of the disclosure the medicament delivery device may comprise a housing, which housing is arranged to accommodate a medicament container. Further a drive mechanism is arranged, capable of, upon activation, acting on the medicament container for expelling a dose of medicament. 
     According to a preferable feature, a communication unit may be associated with the housing. This means that the communication unit may be integrated in the medicament delivery device or arranged as a separate unit connectable to the medicament delivery device. The communication unit may have a number of features and functions that enable communication between the medicament delivery device and the surroundings; from direct communication with the user to wireless communication with remotely located receivers and transmitters of information, such as e.g. via the internet. 
     The medicament delivery device preferably comprises a switch, which is operably connected to the drive mechanism and connected to the communication unit for activating the communication unit when operated. In this respect it is an advantage that the switch is operated by the drive mechanism at the end of a dose delivery sequence. This feature provides the advantage that the medicament delivery device does not have to be activated beforehand by a specific activation operation. This reduces the number of handling steps required by the user in that the switch is operated at the end of dose delivery. Further, the energy consumption is reduced in that the medicament delivery device is non-activated or “dead” until a dose of medicament has been delivered. 
     According to a preferred solution, the drive mechanism may further comprise a force element, which force element enables said drive mechanism to operate said switch. The force element enables an automatic operation of the drive mechanism such that the user does not have to perform the dose delivery manually. In that respect, the force element may be a drive spring arranged to act on and move a plunger rod of the drive mechanism in a proximal direction. In order to utilize the built-in force of the drive spring, it may preferably be arranged to act in a distal direction at the end of the dose delivery sequence. Thereby the residual force of the drive spring is used for activating the switch so that the communication unit is activated. Thus, no additional force elements are needed for operating the switch. 
     According to one feasible solution, the spring may be arranged to act on a switching element, where the switching element is arranged to be released at the end of the dose delivery sequence and to act on the switch. This solution entails a holding or locking of the switching element until the dose of medicament has been delivered. In this respect, the distal end of the drive spring may be in contact with, and act on the switching element, and when the dose has been delivered, the switching element is released and is forced in the distal direction by the drive spring, wherein the switching element is moved in contact with the switch. 
     As a variant, a plunger rod driver is used, wherein the drive spring is arranged to act on the plunger rod driver of the drive mechanism, such that the plunger rod driver is moved in a proximal direction acting on the switching element at the end of the dose delivery sequence. Here the contact between the plunger rod driver and the switching element causes the switch to close. 
     The communication unit may be arranged to communicate in a number of different ways. According to one simple and robust solution, the communication unit is arranged to communicate directly with a user. Thus, at the end of the dose delivery operation, the device may provide the user with specific information that is stored in the communication unit. The information may be audibly and/or visually presented to the user. 
     As an alternative, the communication unit may be arranged to communicate via a smart device. With this solution, the functionality of the smart device is used for informing the user. Thus, the end of dose operation may trigger the smart device to provide information audibly and/or visually to the user. With this solution the medicament delivery device may require fewer components and functions than if the device was to communicate directly. Regarding communication with external receivers, the medicament delivery device may be arranged with communication elements that are capable of communicating with wireless networks, comprising transmitting and receiving data. If designed such, then the medicament delivery device may transmit information regarding functions and events to for example a physician or a medical centre so monitoring the user&#39;s medicament handling and e.g. compare it with prescribed treatment schemes. 
     In that respect, and in order to increase the information obtainable, the communication unit may be operably connected to a number of sensors of the medicament delivery device. For example, the sensors may comprise functions that can derive information from the medicament container. The information may then be stored in many ways, such as EAN-codes, QR-codes or RFID-chips. The information from the medicament container may then be compared with information stored in databases, such as date of manufacture, batch number, date of expiry, etc. The comparison could then be used to alert the user that the date of expiry has passed and that the medicament container should be replaced with a new, that the batch has been re-called, whereby the medicament container should be discarded or sent back to the manufacturer, just to mention a few functions. 
     Other types of sensors may be set dose size sensors that are capable of sensing the dose that the user has set if the device is provided with such functions. Again, the set, and used, dose sizes may then be transmitted and compared with required dose sizes according to the treatment scheme. The collection of data from the medicament delivery device by the communication unit may thus be used to monitor patient adherence. In that respect, the communication unit may be arranged to obtain information regarding patient adherence, which may be communicated to the user. 
     In order to effectively handle the information obtained from the sensors of the device as well as the information obtained from outside and transmitted to the communication unit, it may preferably comprise data storage means. With this solution, data obtained when the medicament delivery device is used can be stored and does not have to be transmitted directly. That may be an advantage if for instance the medicament delivery device is used in a location where no communication connection can be established. The data is then firstly stored and then later transmitted to external receivers when a communication connection can be established. 
     According to a specific solution of the medicament delivery device, the communication unit may comprise a function for automatic connection with an emergency call centre. This may be advantageous if the medicament delivery device is designed as an emergency device that only is to be used when there is a crisis for a user, such as an allergic attack where there is a risk for anaphylaxis. The medicament delivery device may then alert an emergency call centre, wherein a connection is obtained automatically. In that respect, the communication unit may comprise a loud-speaker and a microphone for enabling speech information between user and emergency call centre. 
     Further, the communication unit may also comprise a positioning function, capable of obtaining the geographical position when the switch is activated, and being capable of transmitting said geographical position to the emergency call centre. This enables the emergency call centre to send appropriate paramedic help to the location of the user in need. 
     These and other aspects of, and advantages with, the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description of the disclosure and from the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       In the following detailed description of the disclosure, reference will be made to the accompanying drawings, of which 
         FIG.  1    shows a perspective view of the outer housing of one embodiment of the medicament delivery device of this disclosure; 
         FIG.  2    shows a perspective view of the needle shield of the device of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  3    shows a perspective view of medicament container and drive mechanism of the device of  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  4 a  shows a perspective view of a component of the drive mechanism of  FIG.  3   ; 
         FIG.  4 b  shows a perspective view of a component of the drive mechanism of  FIG.  3   ; 
         FIG.  5 a  shows perspective views of several components of the drive mechanism of  FIG.  3   ; 
         FIG.  5 b  shows a perspective view of a component of the drive mechanism of  FIG.  3   ; 
         FIG.  5 c  shows perspective views of several components of the drive mechanism of  FIG.  3   ; 
         FIG.  6 a  shows a schematic representation of the operation of several components of the drive mechanism of  FIG.  3    relative to one embodiment of the communication unit and operatively associated switch; 
         FIG.  6 b  shows a schematic representation of the operation of several components of the drive mechanism of  FIG.  3    relative to one embodiment of the communication unit and operatively associated switch; 
         FIG.  6 c  shows a schematic representation of the operation of several components of the drive mechanism of  FIG.  3    relative to one embodiment of the communication unit and operatively associated switch; 
         FIG.  7 a  shows perspective cross-sectional view of several components of another embodiment of a drive mechanism and associated switch components of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  7 b  shows a second perspective cross-sectional view of several components of the drive mechanism and associated switch components of  FIG.  7 a ; 
         FIG.  8 a  shows a perspective cross-sectional view of several components of the drive mechanism and associated switch components of  FIG.  7 a  in a different operational state; 
         FIG.  8 b  shows a second perspective cross-sectional view of several components of the drive mechanism and switch components of  FIG.  8 a ; 
         FIG.  9 a  shows perspective cross-sectional view of several components of another embodiment of a drive mechanism and associated switch components of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  9 b  shows a second perspective cross-sectional view of several components of the drive mechanism and associated switch components of  FIG.  9 a ; 
         FIG.  10 a  shows a perspective cross-sectional view of several components of the drive mechanism and associated switch components of  FIG.  9 a  in a different operational state; 
         FIG.  10 b  shows a second perspective cross-sectional view of several components of the drive mechanism and associated switch components of  FIG.  9 a ; 
         FIG.  11    shows a perspective view partly dis-assembled of a second embodiment of a medicament delivery device comprising a communication unit; 
         FIG.  12    shows an exploded perspective view of several components of a drive mechanism of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  13    shows a cross-sectional view of the drive mechanism of  FIG.  12   ; 
         FIG.  14    shows a cross-sectional view of the drive mechanism of  FIG.  12    on a first operational state; 
         FIG.  15    shows a cross-sectional view of the drive mechanism of  FIG.  14    in a second operational state; and 
         FIG.  16    shows a communication unit according to the disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the present application, the term “distal part/end” refers to the part/end of the device, or the parts/ends of the members thereof, which under use of the device, is located the furthest away from a delivery site of a patient. Correspondingly, the term “proximal part/end” refers to the part/end of the device, or the parts/ends of the members thereof, which under use of the device is located closest to the delivery site of the patient. 
     In the following description, the wording smart devices will be used. In this context, smart devices may include electronic devices that are provided with processors that are capable of running computer programs as well as storage space to store programs as well as data retrieved from different external sources. It is further to be understood that the smart devices are provided with communication systems that are capable of communicating with data networks in order to access different databases. It is to be understood that databases may be accessed via the internet, so called cloud services, and/or databases that are connected directly to and accessed via local area networks. It is further to be understood that the smart devices in this context comprise some sort of human-machine interface for two-way communication. The human-machine interface may comprise displays, keyboards, microphones, loudspeakers, I/O-ports for connection of peripherals. Further the smart devices may be provided with antennas for wireless communication with the networks. Also, the smart devices may be arranged with receiving and transmitting mechanisms capable of communicating with NFC tags as well as programs capable of establishing and handling the communication with the NFC tags. 
     Further, in the following description, the wording medicament delivery device will be used. In this context, medicament delivery devices may include a number of devices capable of delivering certain doses of medicament to a user, such as e.g. injection devices with or without injection needles, inhalers of all kinds, such as powder, aerosol driven, gas, nebulizers having mouth or nasal pieces, dispensers for medicament in tablet form, eye dispensers, etc. The medicament delivery devices may be of either disposable type or re-usable type and may be provided with medicament containers suitably arranged for specific drugs in specific forms. 
     As seen in  FIG.  1   , a medicament delivery device comprising the present disclosure may comprise a tubular housing  10  having a proximal end  12  and an opposite distal end  14 . The housing  10  may further comprise a container holder  16  which is coaxially arranged within the housing for holding a medicament container  18 ,  FIG.  3   . The medicament delivery device further comprises an end cap  20  fixedly attached to the distal end  14  of the housing. 
     As seen in  FIG.  2   , the medicament delivery device may further be arranged with a tubular activation member  22  in the form of a medicament delivery member guard. The activation member  22  may be arranged with first co-acting elements  24 , which in an exemplary embodiment are two protrusions, which are used for activating the medicament delivery device as will be described in detail below. According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a tension spring  25  is arranged at the proximal end of the activation member  22  for moving it in a proximal direction. 
       FIG.  3    illustrates the interior of the medicament delivery device. The medicament container  18  is arranged within the container holder  16  and has a predetermined volume of medicament, a slidable stopper  26  and a medicament delivery member  28 . The medicament container  18  may be a syringe provided with a needle  28  as the delivery member; however the disclosure should not be limited to this. The medicament delivery device may also comprise a tubular rotator  30 ,  FIG.  4 a , comprising grooves  32  on its outer surface interactively connected to the protrusions  24  of the medicament delivery member guard  22 ,  FIG.  2   . 
     Further the medicament delivery device comprises a drive mechanism  34 ,  FIG.  5   . The drive mechanism comprises a plunger rod  36  and a compression spring  38  arranged within the plunger rod  36 . The plunger rod  36  comprises a cut-out/recess  40 ,  FIG.  5   , interactively connected to inwardly directed protrusions  42  on proximally directed flexible arms  44  of an actuator  46 ,  FIG.  4 b . The proximal end of the plunger rod  36  is in contact with the slidable stopper  26 . The rotator  30 ,  FIG.  4 a , is rotatably and coaxially arranged around the actuator  46 , acting on the flexible arms  44 . 
     The drive mechanism  34  further comprises a switching element  48 , the purpose of which will be described below. In the illustrated embodiment, the switching element  48  comprises an elongated u-shaped bracket, provided with at least two elongated arms  50 , directed in the proximal direction, and a lower part  52 , a distal transversal end wall, directed in the distal direction of the medicament delivery device. The switching element  48  may be made from metal, plastic, or any combination of these materials. 
     The proximal ends of the arms  50  of the switching element  48  are provided with angled support protrusions  54  extending in generally radially outward directions with regard to a longitudinal axis of the switching element  48 . The arms  50  of the switching element  48  are arranged to extend along the length of the plunger rod  36 ,  FIG.  5 a , and the support protrusions  54  are adapted to rest on a proximally directed end surface  56  of the actuator  46  when the plunger rod  36  and the compression spring  38  are in a tensioned state, i.e. the inwardly directed protrusions  42  of the flexible tongues  44  of the actuator  46  are positioned in the recesses  40  of the plunger rod  36 . When the plunger rod  36  and the compression spring  38  are in the pre-tensioned state, the distal end of the switching element  48  is arranged at a predetermined distance “D”,  FIG.  6 a , from an inner distal surface of a switch  58 , the function of which will be described in detail below. 
     The device is intended to function as follows. The user presses the proximal end of the device with the medicament delivery member guard  22  against a dose delivery site and when an injection needle is used as medicament delivery member  28 , a penetration is performed on the user&#39;s skin. The penetration causes the housing  10  to be moved in the proximal direction in relation to the medicament delivery member guard  22 . This in turn causes the protrusions  24  of the medicament delivery member guard  22  to move in the grooves  32  of the rotator  30  such that the protrusions  24  will come in contact with inclined groove sections  32   i , which will cause the rotator  30  to turn around the longitudinal axis of the medicament delivery device. 
     The turning of the rotator  30  will activate the drive mechanism  34  in that the arms  44  of the actuator  46  are freed. The arms  44  may then flex outwardly, whereby the inwardly directed protrusions  42  of the arms  44  are moved out of contact with the recesses  40  of the plunger rod  36 . The drive spring  38  of the plunger rod  36  now urges the plunger rod  36  in the proximal direction for expelling a dose of medicament through the medicament delivery member  28  until the stopper  26  of the medicament container  18  reaches its most proximal position. 
     When the stopper  26  has been moved by the plunger rod  36  to almost the proximal end inside the medicament container  18 , the plunger rod  36  is moved out of contact with the arms  50  of the switching element  48  as seen in  FIG.  6 c . The arms  50  of the switching element  48  are thus free to flex inwards such that the support protrusions  54  are moved out of contact with the surfaces  56  of the actuator  46 , and due to the force of the compression spring  38  in contact with and acting on the lower part  52  of the switching element  48 , the switching element  48  will be moved suddenly in the distal direction the distance D until the distal end of the switching element  48  hits the switch  58 , thereby activating the switch  58 ,  FIG.  6 c . The activation of the switch will in turn activate a communication unit  60 , i.e. powering the communication unit. The function of the communication unit will be described in detail below. 
     It is to be understood that the switch may have a number of different designs depending on the type of device and its operating components as well as the kind of signal that is to be obtained.  FIGS.  7  and  8    show one type of switch that can be used with the switching element described in connection with the above embodiment. 
     Here a distal end of the actuator  46  is arranged with an end wall  62 , provided with a generally rectangular cut-out  64 . On opposite sides of the cut-out, two proximally directed, somewhat inclined, contact surfaces  66  are arranged, which surfaces the switching element  48  will hit when released. The inclined contact surfaces are provided with conductive material. The conductive material extends through the cut-out  64  as leads  68 , wherein suitable conduits  70 ,  FIG.  6 c , are connected to these leads  68  and then extend to the communication unit  60 . Further, the switching element  48  may be made of metal, such that when the switching element  48  is moved in contact with the contact surfaces  66 , the switch is closed. As an alternative the distal end surface  72  of the switching element may also be covered with conductive material. The contact surfaces  66  may further be arranged with protrusions  74 ,  FIG.  7 b , in order to enhance the contact reliability between the switching element  48  and the contact surfaces  66 .  FIG.  8    show when the switching element is moved in contact with the contact surfaces. 
       FIGS.  9  and  10    display another embodiment of a switch to be used with the medicament delivery device described above. Also here, the actuator is arranged with an end wall  62  at its distal end. The end wall  62  is arranged with a generally rectangular cut-out  76 . One proximally directed, somewhat inclined, contact surface  78  is arranged adjacent one edge of the cut-out. The contact surface is arranged with conductive material, which extends through the cut-out as a lead  79 , wherein a suitable conduit is connected to this lead, which conduit is connected to the communication unit  60 . Further, a contact element  80  is arranged. It comprises a tongue  82  of a flexible material extending into the interior of the actuator with an inclination a in relation to a normal of the longitudinal axis L of the medicament delivery device when in unaffected, initial, position. Further, in the unaffected, initial, position there is a certain gap between the free end of the tongue  82  and the contact surface  78 . Even though the tongue  82  is arranged to be flexible it is understood that it should be so rigid that the tongue  82  cannot be moved in contact with the contact surface if the medicament delivery device is dropped on the floor for instance. 
     The tongue  82  is attached to, or made integral with, a generally tubular seat  84  surrounding a distal part of the actuator  46 . The seat  84  is further arranged with conductive material and is connected to the communication unit  60  via a suitable conduit  70 . When the switching element  48  pushes on the tongue  82  in the distal direction with its lower part  52 , whereby the tongue  82  is moved in contact with the contact surface  78  and the switch is closed, as seen in  FIG.  10   . In this embodiment, the switching element may be of any suitable material; it does not have to be made of metal. 
     Regarding the contact surfaces and the leads of the embodiments described above, they can be created in many ways. They can be made by thin conductive sheet material that is bonded to components in suitable ways, such as gluing. As an alternative, the Laser Direct Structuring (LDS) technology may be utilized in creating conductive surfaces on different components. In this regard, the switching element of the first switch embodiment may be of a non-conductive material, where the distally directed end surface is treated with a conductive material, for instance with LDS. 
       FIGS.  11 - 15    disclose a second embodiment of a medicament delivery device comprising the present disclosure. The embodiment shown in the drawings comprises a generally elongated main housing  100  having a distal end  102  and a proximal end  104 ,  FIG.  11   . 
     The housing  100  is designed to accommodate a medicament container  108 ,  FIG.  14   . An appropriate medicament delivery member  110 ,  FIG.  14   , is attached to, or made integral with, the medicament container  108 . A movable stopper  112  is further arranged inside the medicament container,  FIG.  14   . 
     Surrounding the medicament container  108  and coaxial therewith is a medicament delivery member shield  114 ,  FIG.  11   . The medicament delivery member shield  114  can move in the longitudinal direction in relation to the housing  100 . 
     The device further comprises a drive mechanism  116 ,  FIG.  13   . The drive mechanism  116  comprises a plunger rod driver  118  arranged axially moveable within the housing  100 . The proximal end of the plunger rod driver  118  is operably connected to a distal end of an elongated plunger rod  120 ,  FIG.  11   . 
     The drive mechanism  116  further comprises a drive spring  122 , here in the form of a helical coil spring,  FIG.  13   , which biases the plunger rod driver  118  towards its proximal end position. A manually operated release button  124 , for releasing the plunger rod driver  118  of the drive mechanism  116  from the distal, or cocked, position to the proximal, or extended, position is arranged extending through the housing  100 ,  FIG.  11   . The release button  124  is operably connected to a drive mechanism locking element  126  which locks and interworks with the plunger rod driver  118  via a proximally directed ledge  128  positioned in a groove  130  to hold the plunger rod driver  118  with the drive spring  122  in the tensioned state. 
     According to the second embodiment, the drive mechanism  116  is arranged with a switching mechanism. It comprises a switching element  132 ,  FIG.  12   , comprising an elongated tubular body  134 , provided with a circular end plate  136  with a proximally directed end surface, which is intended to be in contact with a distally directed end surface of the plunger rod  120 . Further, the side surface of the body  134  of the switching element  132  is arranged with a circumferential groove  138 ,  FIG.  12   . The body  134  is arranged to fit into a central passage  140  of a tubular element  142  attached to a proximal area of the plunger rod driver  118 ,  FIG.  13   . 
     The tubular element  142  is arranged with a proximally directed annular switch  144  at the proximal end of the plunger rod driver  118 ,  FIG.  12   . The switch  144  can be of many different configurations and designs. For example, the switch  144  may be a piezo-electric element capable of providing an electric signal when mechanically affected. Further, the switch can also be a mechanical contact having electric contact points that are brought in contact when the switch is mechanically affected as will be explained below. The switch  144  is further connected to a microcontroller  145  of a communication unit  160  of the medicament delivery device,  FIG.  16   , arranged to perform a number of functions as will be described. 
     The area of the plunger rod driver  118  proximal of the switching element  132  has a diameter somewhat larger than the diameter of the end plate  136 , such that the latter may fit into the proximal end of the plunger rod driver  118 , as seen in  FIG.  12   . 
     Preferably the device is arranged with a switching delay mechanism. It comprises a friction enhancing element  146  intended to fit into the circumferential groove  138  of the switching element  132 . In the embodiment shown the friction enhancing element is an O-ring made of a resilient material such as rubber. The central passage  140  of the tubular element  142  is arranged with a first section  147 ,  FIG.  13   , having a diameter somewhat smaller than the diameter of the O-ring when fitted into the circumferential groove such that the O-ring is compressed when placed in the first section  147 . The central passage is further arranged with a second section  148 ,  FIG.  13   , which has a diameter that is slightly larger than the diameter of the O-ring, the function of which will be described below. 
     Further, a switching mechanism for the release mechanism is provided on the plunger rod driver  118 . It comprises two arms  150 ,  FIG.  13   , attached to the plunger rod driver  118  and extending in the proximal direction, where the arms  150  are positioned on opposite sides of the central passage  140 . Each arm  150  is arranged with a generally radially inwardly directed ledge  152 . The inwardly directed ledges  152  are arranged to extend into the central passage  140 . Further the arms  150  are arranged with generally radially outwardly extending ledges  154 , the function of which will be described below. 
     This second embodiment is intended to function as follows. When to be used, the proximal end of the medicament delivery device is pressed against a dose delivery site. The user depresses the trigger button  124 , whereby the drive spring  122  is released. The plunger rod driver  118  and the drive spring  122  then acts to force the plunger rod  120  in the proximal direction acting on the stopper  112  inside the medicament container  108 . Since the medicament is incompressible and the passage through the medicament delivery member  110  is narrow, the medicament container  108  will be moved in the proximal direction. The movement of the medicament container  108  will now cause a penetration of the medicament delivery member  110  into the skin of the user. 
     The force of the drive spring  122  now forces the plunger rod  120  in the proximal direction in relation to the medicament container  108 , moving the stopper  112  in the proximal direction, whereby a dose of medicament is delivered into the body of the user. When the plunger rod  120  is moving in the proximal direction, so is the switching element  132 . This is due to the arms  150  being forced radially inwards due to the outwardly directed ledges  154  being in contact with an inner surface of the medicament delivery member guard  114  as seen in  FIG.  13   . The inwardly directed ledges  152  of the arms  150  are then abutting a distally directed surface of the end plate  136  of the switching element  132 . 
     When the plunger rod driver  118 , the switching element  132 , the plunger rod  120  and the stopper  112  have reached a position close to the proximal end position of the stopper  112 , the outwardly directed ledges  154  of the arms  150  will enter cut-outs  156  of the medicament delivery member shield  114 ,  FIGS.  14  and  15   . The arms  150  are then free to move radially outwardly when the outwardly directed ledges  154  enter the cut-outs  156 . Thereby, the inwardly directed ledges  152  will be moved out of contact with the end plate  136  of the switching element  132 . 
     The force of the drive spring  122  will continue to urge the plunger rod driver  118  in the proximal direction in relation to the switching element  132 . However, the relative movement between the plunger rod driver  118  and the switching element  132  is slowed due to the friction enhancing element  146  frictionally acting on the inner surface of the tubular element  142  of the plunger rod driver  118 . The friction also aids in transferring some force to the plunger rod  120 , ending the injection sequence. 
     The relative movement continues between the plunger rod driver  118  and the switching element  132 . When the friction enhancing element  146  has been moved along the first section  147  it reaches the second section  148 , as seen in  FIG.  14   . Now the friction enhancing element  132  is moved out of contact with the inner surface of the tubular element  142 . As seen, the distally directed surface of the end plate  136 , is positioned a distance d from the switch  144  as seen in  FIG.  14   . The force from the spring  122  still acts on the plunger rod driver  118  and since it now can move freely, it will accelerate in the proximal direction the distance d until the distally directed surface of the end plate  136  comes in contact with the switch  144 , as seen in  FIG.  15   . The switch then activates the communication unit  160  of the medicament delivery device. 
     According to the disclosure, the activation of the device may cause a number of functions to be performed, all depending on the intended and desired use of the device. 
     According to one aspect of the disclosure the switch, when activated, will for example trigger the microcontroller  145  of the communication unit by connecting it to a suitable power source  250  arranged in the device,  FIG.  16   . A power source may e.g. be a battery such as a button cell or the like. Other types of power sources may be piezo elements, solar cell panels or the like. The microcontroller  145  is arranged to control at least one electronics module  152  153 of the communication unit  60 ,  160  that may be arranged with different types of sensors. The electronics module may also be energized by the power source. 
     The electronics module may now perform a number of different functions either alone or in combination with other functions. One basic function that the electronics module may perform is to communicate directly with the user of the device. This communication may be done visually, e.g. by text stored in the electronics module that is displayed on a suitable display  154  on the device. In addition to, or instead, the communication may be performed audibly, e.g. by a recorded message stored in the electronics module that is played in an appropriate loudspeaker  256  of the electronics module or of the device as such. 
     In this regard, the electronics module may be arranged with a communication module that is capable of communicating with other devices, preferably wireless. Feasible communication systems are Bluetooth, ANT, mobile communication systems such as GSM, 4G, 5G, wlan etc, such that the device may communicate its status to a suitable receiver. 
     A suitable receiver may be databases set up for handling information from medicament delivery devices. The databases may be set up to communicate back to the user via the communication unit of the medicament delivery device, providing the user with specific information. In this respect, the information may be transmitted from the databases via the wireless networks, or may be stored beforehand in the communication unit and activated by a transmitted signal from the databases. 
     Regarding the information that the user may receive, either stored or received on activation, may be of different nature depending on the type of device, user prescription, type of drug, etc. 
     For example, if the device is a disposable injection device, the user may then be prompted to discard the device in a safe way, e.g. placing it in a safe container. In addition, the information may ask the user to attach a protective cap on the medicament delivery member in order to avoid damages. On the other hand, if the device is a reusable, the information may be to replace the used medicament container with a new container in order to make the device ready for a subsequent dose delivery. Also, the user may be prompted to remove the used medicament delivery member and to replace it with a new, sterile medicament delivery member. 
     The user information may further comprise an indication when the next dose should be taken, based on pre-determined prescription scheme. This scheme may be stored in the electronics module, or in the smart device or in the cloud and down-loaded to the medicament delivery device or the smart device upon activation. Other types of information may be how to store the medicament delivery device regarding temperature and/or light exposure. 
     The information from the electronics module may include features that are important to for example a physician of the patient/user. The information may then include event data such as time and date when the medicament was delivered to the user. In this respect, the activation of the electronics module may trigger the recording/logging of the date and time of the activation. This storage may be done in the electronics module if it has the means of obtaining such information from outside the medicament delivery device. Further, the information may be stored on the internet in that a signal from the electronics module, either direct or via a smart device, will trigger a time and date registration on a computer or in a database connected to the internet. 
     Event data may further include replacement of a used medicament container with a new medicament container. In that respect, when the medicament delivery device has been activated by the switch, a number of sensors can be used and activated in the medicament delivery device. For example, a sensor may be arranged that is capable of sensing the presence of a medicament container. In its simplest design, the sensor may be a proximity sensor or even a contact switch that is affected by the presence and/or removal of a medicament container. 
     The sensor may further be more intelligent in that it may be capable of deriving certain information. In that respect, the medicament container may be arranged with information that is specifically connected to the drug inside the medicament container. The information may comprise the type of drug, the concentration or strength of the drug, the expiry date of the drug, if there are any temperature requirements, etc. This information may be stored in appropriate ways on the medicament container, preferably such that it cannot be tampered with or compromised. The information may for example be arranged on a label that is firmly attached to the outer surface of the medicament container. The information may then be presented in different forms such as EAN-code, QR-code or the like readable code. 
     The medicament delivery device may in that respect be arranged with appropriate sensors or readers that are capable of deriving information from those types of code. The labels may instead be arranged with radio-frequency chips or RFID-chip, and suitably NFC-chips. The sensors are then arranged to read the chips and to derive information stored thereon. This information may then be communicated to either a smart device and/or to wireless networks. Further, the use of NFC-chips enable the reading of the chip by a smart device, if the latter is arranged with a function enabling reading of NFC-chips. Further, instead of using labels, the NFC-chips may be embedded in the material of the medicament container in order to further minimize the risk of manipulating the information. 
     Regarding temperature, there is a possibility of obtaining information regarding if the medicament container has been expose to temperatures outside certain approved ranges in that the NFC-chip is provided with temperature sensors. Should the medicament container have been exposed to temperatures outside the approved, this may be read from the NFC-chip. 
     The triggering of the medicament delivery device by the end of dose switch may provide further information. For instance, the electronics module may be arranged with a positioning function whereby the geographical position of the user may be obtained and used for different purposes. In this respect, the positioning may be obtained by different functions. Either the electronics module is provided with a GPS-function, whereby the actual position of the user when the dose is delivered is recorded by GPS coordinates. Another possibility is to use the GSM-function for locating the position. The GPS-function and the GSM-function may further be combined with a WIFI location function for improved indoors location. 
     The accuracy of the positioning function is dependent on the purpose of the location information. For instance if it is important to know if the drug is used in the right country, for instance to be able to track that the drug is not imported or sold to others if the user has received the drug for free or with large subsidies, then it is only necessary to obtain country-based positioning information. In that case the GSM-function may be used to obtain information in which country the medicament delivery device is used. 
     On the other hand, if the medicament delivery device is a so called emergency device, which is to be used only when an emergency occurs like for instance if a patient suffers an allergic attack that results in an anaphylaxis, then the positioning accuracy may be important. The anaphylaxis may be treated by epinephrine and several patients have been provided with auto-injectors filled with epinephrine. However, if such a medicament delivery device was used, there is still a risk that the patient needs further care if for instance the injection of epinephrine was not completely successful. In that case it might be very important that the positioning of the patient is precise and accurate so that paramedics can find the patient. Therefore a GPS-function should preferably be used, maybe also together with a WIFI or network positioning function in order to derive positioning information from both. The GPS-function should preferably be transmitting continuously until the medicament delivery device is switched off or the battery is depleted. This is because the emergency use of the medicament delivery device may take place on a moving vehicle, whereby the position of the patient is changing. In order for the paramedics to then find the patient, they need to receive the position continuously. 
     The signalling from the emergency device may further result in an automatic emergency call to a health care call centre. The patient may then talk directly to a physician or a nurse via a microphone  158 , wherein they can acquire the state of the patient. The call may be performed by the medicament delivery device, if provided with such functionality and with loudspeaker and microphone. 
     The positioning functionality may either be arranged in the medicament delivery device directly or may be incorporated in a smart device that can communicate with the medicament delivery device. However, when the positioning functionality is used for an emergency device, then it might be more advantageous that the positioning function is comprised directly in the device, because otherwise the signalling is dependent on two devices. This is a disadvantage because the patient might not have the smart device with him, or the smart device is dead due to depleted batteries. 
     As an alternative, the medicament delivery device may in addition be used together with a smart device. The communication unit of the medicament delivery device may then be arranged with circuits that are capable of connecting with the smart device. Such a smart device may be any smart device capable of receiving and transmitting information. If such a device receives certain information from a medicament delivery device, it may communicate directly to the user. Again, the communication may be done visually, e.g. by text stored in the smart device. Also, the communication may be done audibly, e.g. by a recorded message stored in the smart device and played through loudspeakers of the smart device. In this respect, the smart device may be arranged with a computer program or application that is started when the smart device receives the information from the electronics module of the medicament delivery device. 
     In this respect, the smart device may be arranged with communication modules that are capable of communicating with wireless networks, such as Wifi-networks, mobile communication networks, etc. such that it may transmit and/or receive information after being activated by the electronics module of the medicament delivery device. For instance, instead of having a program or an application stored in the smart device, the smart device may connect to suitable sites on the internet, where the appropriate information may be presented to the user. 
     Even though the medicament delivery devices have been described in connection with a medicament container filled with a treatment drug, it is to be understood that the medicament container could be a so called dummy that does not contain any medicament and that can be used for tutorial purposes. It is further to be understood that the communication unit may be integrated in the medicament delivery device, but it may also be arranged as a separate unit that could be connectable to the medicament delivery device; an add-on. 
     It is to be understood that the embodiments described above and shown in the drawings are to be regarded only as non-limiting examples of the disclosure and that it may be modified in many ways within the scope of the patent claims.