Patent Publication Number: US-9431703-B1

Title: Differential phase shifter assembly

Description:
This application claims priority to DE Patent Application No. 10 2015 006 622.6 filed 22 May 2015, and DE Patent Application No. 10 2015 121 799.6 filed 15 Dec. 2015, the entire contents of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     The invention relates to a differential phase shifter assembly according to the preamble of claim  1 . 
     In particular, the mobile radio antennas provided for a base station usually include an antenna arrangement with a reflector, in front of which are numerous radiator elements, vertically offset from one another, thus forming an array. These can transmit and receive, for example in one or two mutually perpendicular polarizations. The radiator elements can be developed for receiving in only one frequency band. However, the antenna arrangement can also be developed as a multi-band antenna, for example for sending and receiving in two frequency bands offset from one another. So-called tri-band antennas are also generally known. 
     It is known that the mobile radio network is of cellular design, where each cell is assigned a corresponding base station with at least one mobile radio antenna for sending and receiving. The antennas are so constructed in this case that they generally radiate at a particular angle with respect to the horizontal with a downwardly directed main lobe, a certain cell size being defined thereby. This tilt angle is also known to be called the down-tilt angle. 
     A type-defining differential phase shifter assembly is already known from EP 1 208 614 B1 or US 2008/0211600 A1, wherein, with a single-column antenna array with numerous vertically arranged radiators, the down-tilt angle can be separately adjusted continuously. According to this prior publication, differential phase shifters are used for this purpose, which ensure, with different adjustments, that the running times and thus the phase shift in the two outputs of a respective phase shifter are adjusted in different directions, the tilt angle being adjusted thereby. 
     The adjustment and shifting of the phase shifter angle can be carried out manually or by means of a remotely controlled retrofit unit, as is known for example from DE 101 04 564 C1. 
     The type-defining differential phase shifter assembly includes at least two concentrically arranged stripline sections. At the respective opposite ends of these stripline sections, connection points are provided at which connecting lines to different radiators of an antenna array (particularly a mobile radio antenna) can be connected. 
     The phase shifter assembly also includes a feeding or tapping element (which is hereafter sometimes designated as a feeding and/or tapping arm or device), which can be pivoted about a central and/or pivot axis, the pointer-shaped feeding or tapping element being pivotable back and forth over the multiple concentric striplines. 
     The individual striplines are usually mechanically held and anchored at their ends with respect to the conductive housing or the conductive housing shells, using insulators. In order to ensure a coupling distance as uniform as possible between the corresponding sections of the feeding or tapping element, on the one hand, and the respective sections of the striplines on the other hand, it has already been proposed to so equip a differential phase shifter assembly, basically known from EP 1 208 614 B1, that the pointer-shaped feeding or tapping element is designed to extend in a kind of fork from the rotation axis, so that a section of the feeding or tapping element extends on the one side over all the striplines up to a radially outward end, and a second section of the feeding or tapping element on the opposite side is led over all striplines up to an outer end, so that all striplines are virtually positioned in the fork- or pocket-shaped receptacle between the two parallel running sections of the feeding or tapping element. At the same time, the desired capacitive coupling between the feeding and/or tapping element and the corresponding overlaid section of the respective striplines is effected in these respectively overlapping areas, for which purpose an insulator is inserted between the two sections, arranged at a distance from one another, of the feeding and/or tapping element and the adjacent overlaid area of the respective stripline. 
     Furthermore, a functionally comparable solution to the previously explained construction is known, wherein a suitable fork-shaped branch is so accomplished when accommodating a section of the stripline, which for each stripline a separate fork-shaped branch is provided, forming an accommodation space for one stripline each. In other words, the mentioned feeding or tapping element (feeding or tapping arm) runs from the rotation axis along one side of all the striplines, a fork-shaped branch in every case preferably leading in front of each stripline into an overlying plane facing the rotation axis, so that between the fork-shaped branch on the one hand and the associated section of the feeding or tapping arm an accommodation space is produced in which the corresponding stripline section is located. Above the insulation layer lying in between them, a galvanic separation from the electrically conductive sections of the feeding or tapping elements on the one hand and from the associated fork-shaped branched section on the other hand is ensured in every case. 
     A corresponding construction is also obtainable from EP 1 870 959 B1. 
     In order to achieve a certain power distribution with respect to the different striplines, it is additionally proposed (even if this is only possible to a limited degree) in EP 1 208 614 B1 to provide the feeding or tapping element with different width extensions (parallel to the plane of the stripline) at various radially situated locations. 
     In this respect, the object of the present invention is to provide an improved phase shifter assembly. 
     The object is accomplished according to the invention by means of the features given in claim  1 . Advantageous embodiments of the invention are shown in the subclaims. 
     It should be considered quite surprising that a greatly improved power distribution with respect to the different striplines is possible with comparatively simple means compared to prior solutions. In particular, however, the invention does offer the possibility of obtaining an improved power distribution in a targeted manner. 
     According to the invention, this is accomplished in that the pockets, described for example in EP 1 208 614 B1, which are formed by a fork-shaped design of a respective section of the feeding or tapping device are not provided for all striplines, but, rather, at least only for one stripline, or at least only for n−1 striplines at most, if the phase shifter assembly includes n striplines. 
     In a preferred embodiment, it is possible for a pocket-shaped design to be provided using a fork-shaped branch, for example only for the stripline closest to the rotation axis, and thus innermost. 
     It is also possible for the branched feeding and/or tapping device (hereafter also sometimes called branched feeding and/or tapping element or arm) additionally formed by the branch to have an elongated design, and for example guided over two or three striplines spaced in parallel to the feeding and/or tapping arm overlying all the striplines, so that, for example, one of the third or fourth or farther outlying stripline sections remote from the rotation axis is not overlaid by the branched section. 
     By this construction it is ensured that, for the striplines additionally overlaid by the branched section, for example a roughly 100% larger coupling surface can be formed, so that in these areas with a significantly increased coupling surface a correspondingly greater power share can also then be transferred to the individual striplines or from the striplines to the central power supply network. 
     Instead of a branched section which runs over at least two or more striplines, a separate fork-shaped branched section can also be provided for each of the striplines to be correspondingly supplied with larger power shares, whereby ultimately a capacitive coupling is established on both sides of an associated stripline, thus allowing an increased power transfer. 
     The last-named variant offers the advantage that for arbitrary striplines a respective associated branched feeding and/or tapping device can be provided, which therefore need not always include the inmost situated stripline(s). This is because these additional separate branched feeding and/or tapping devices can, for example, also be provided selectively only to a second and/or third and/or fourth, etc., stripline. 
     Generally, therefore, the power distribution can be adjusted for the shape and/or geometry of the respective acceptor, i.e., the respective coupling device. Thus, within the scope of the invention, an adjustment of the power distribution to different striplines is made possible by different coupling situations. 
     These different coupling situations can be accomplished, for example, by suitable combinations, wherein for example at particular striplines only one single-sided coupling is formed, while on the other hand, at other selectively determinable striplines, a two-sided coupling is implemented. 
     In other words, a considerably higher power distribution is therefore achievable due to the previously explained possible combination of the two coupling concepts. This variant offers significant advantages compared to the prior art, which up to this point only allowed one possible power distribution, in that the associated feeding and/or tapping arm overlying all the striplines was altered by having a different material thickness and/or extent in the area of the coupling sections as well as the area located between them. With these existing concepts, however, the desired power distribution is limited by the minimum necessary mechanical specification and dimensions with regard to the feeding and/or tapping arm. On the other hand, with the same basic mechanical dimensions with regard to the branched feeding and/or tapping device compared with the feeding and/or tapping arm overlying all striplines, an increase in the power distribution by 2 dB, for example, is possible, which was not achievable until now. 
     In an additional preferred embodiment or variant of the invention it is also possible to provide an additional branched feeding and/or tapping device for the one or more additional secondary capacitive couplings, which is so constructed that adjacent to the rotation axis not only is an additional capacitive coupling formed at the innermost stripline or additionally at another subsequent stripline, but, rather, the additional capacitive coupling can be assigned to any desired stripline. In other words, it is preferred to provide so-called capacitive-free or low-capacitance zones between the pivot axis, or a stripline closer to the pivot axis, and an outer stripline more remote from it, in which zones the additional branched feeding and/or tapping device runs, but in which no or no relevant secondary capacitive coupling is established. 
    
    
     
       The invention will be explained hereafter in more detail using different exemplary embodiments. Shown in detail are the following: 
         FIG. 1 : a schematic plan view of a differential phase shifter assembly according to the invention, with the housing cover removed and/or half of the housing removed; 
         FIG. 2 : a partial enlarged detail view of the feeding and/or tapping element shown in  FIG. 1  and a corresponding detail of the corresponding striplines; 
         FIG. 3 : a cross-sectional view in the longitudinal direction of the feeding and/or tapping element along line III-III in  FIG. 2  with regard to a first exemplary embodiment expanded with respect to  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 3 a   : an enlarged detail view relating to the feed; 
         FIG. 4 a   : a plan view of a first exemplary embodiment according to the invention relating to a differential phase shifter assembly with only two striplines; 
         FIG. 4 b   : a cross-sectional view along line IVb-IVb in  FIG. 4   a;    
         FIG. 5 : a schematic cross-sectional view of  FIG. 4 b   , but relating to a different exemplary embodiment; 
         FIGS. 6 to 11 : additional different modified exemplary embodiments in schematic cross-sectional views, similar to the example in  FIG. 5 ; 
         FIG. 12 : a modified exemplary embodiment in plan view; 
         FIG. 13 : a cross-sectional view of the modified exemplary embodiment according to the invention shown in  FIG. 12 ; 
         FIG. 14 : a simplified cross-sectional view of a differential phase shifter known in the prior art with two circular arc striplines; 
         FIG. 15 : an embodiment according to the invention with two circular arc striplines, as already basically shown in  FIGS. 4 a   ,  4   b;    
         FIG. 16 : a diagram for elucidating a maximum possible power distribution in a differential phase shifter assembly according to the prior art, as shown in  FIG. 14 ; and 
         FIG. 17 : a corresponding view using a diagram for clarifying an improved power distribution for the various striplines, as achievable for example in a variant of the invention according to  FIG. 15 . 
     
    
    
       FIG. 1  depicts a plan view of a schematic illustration of the phase shifter assembly according to the invention, with the housing cover removed or half of the housing removed. 
     From this it can be seen that according to this exemplary embodiment, the differential phase shifter assembly includes three circular arc striplines  5  which are arranged concentrically with respect to a center  7 . The striplines  5  are usually arranged in a common plane E. The striplines must not necessarily be half-circular in shape, but rather can also have a circular arc of more than 180°. In general, the striplines  5  have a length with which they only enclose an arc of less than 180°. 
     A central or pivot axis  9  about which a lever-, finger-, arm- and/or pointer-shaped feeding and/or tapping device  13  corresponding to the double arrow view  11  can be pivoted runs perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, and thus perpendicular to the plane E in which the striplines  5  lie. The feeding and/or tapping device  13  mentioned includes for this purpose a suitable feeding and/or tapping element  13   a  which runs on one side of the striplines over all striplines, thus intersecting the striplines and respectively overlying them with a suitable coupling section. 
     A primary capacitive coupling KK 1  is established in known fashion in each case between the feeding and/or tapping element  13   a  and each of the striplines  5 , and is established in the overlapping area between a section of the feeding and/or tapping element  13   a  on the one hand and the section  5 ′ of the stripline  5  respectively overlying it. 
     For this purpose, the feeding and/or tapping element  13   a  is arranged running from the inward central or pivot axis over the striplines  5 , including the outermost striplines  5 . The end  13 ′ of the corresponding feeding and/or tapping element  13   a  usually also overlies at least the outer edge of the outermost stripline  5   a . A first coupling surface KF 11  of the feeding and/or tapping element  13   a  overlies a section of the stripline located a distance away from it, which is also designated as a second primary coupling surface KF 12 . Between these first and second primary coupling surfaces KF 11 , KF 12  is located an insulator or dielectric  27 , generally not in the form of air, but rather in the form of a solid material. This insulator  27  is usually affixed or anchored to the feeding and/or tapping element  13   a  and pivots with it. The so-called primary capacitive coupling KK 1  between the feeding and/or tapping element  13  and the respective stripline  5  cooperating with it is thus established in the overlying area due to these two cooperating first and second primary coupling surfaces KF 11 , KF 12 . 
     By suitable pivoting of the pointer-shaped feeding and/or tapping arm  13   a , the respective path length between a stripline coupling section  5 ′ of a stripline  5  and the respective remaining stripline end  17  is increased or reduced with respect to the opposite stripline section, thus changing the run time of the signals in the opposite direction in a known fashion. For example, a down-tilt angle of attached radiators can be adjusted differently in this way. For this purpose, connecting lines  2  which lead to the individual radiators  1   a  through  1   f  and which are only indicated in the drawings are connected to the stripline ends  17  at the connection points  19  formed there. 
     On the basis of  FIG. 2 , an enlarged detail section of the feeding and/or tapping device  13  is shown, namely, with the already mentioned feeding and/or tapping arm  13   a , which can be adjusted about a central axis  9  over the striplines  5  generally up to the stripline ends  17 . In the exemplary embodiments explained hereafter, for example four concentric striplines  5  are provided, which are shown only partially in the plan view according to  FIG. 2 , the branched feeding and/or tapping device according to the invention, recognizable hereafter in the cross-sectional view of  FIG. 3 , is not yet shown in the schematic plan view according to  FIG. 2 . 
       FIG. 3  shows a cross-sectional view along line III-III in  FIG. 2 , but with a branched feeding and/or tapping device additionally provided within the scope of the invention according to a first variant of the invention. The feeding of the feeding and/or tapping arm  13   a  is accomplished in the area of the central or pivot axis  9 . 
     For this purpose—as can also be seen in particular in the cross-sectional view of  FIG. 3 —in the area of the central and pivot axis  9  a central feed  20  with a first coupling device or coupling surface  21  is provided, which is connected to a central feed line  23  via a coupling connection  22  ( FIG. 3 ). 
     An indicator head  25  of the feeding and/or tapping arm  13   a  is offset with respect to this first coupling surface  21  (which hereafter is also designated as a feed line-side coupling surface  21 ) in the direction of the central or pivot axis  7 ,  9 , generally with a dielectric or insulator  26  connected in between. 
     The feed line-side coupling surface  21  is preferably designed as a coupling ring  21 ′ with a recess  21   a  ( FIG. 3 a   ). In addition, the indicator head  25  which forms the pointer- or tapping arm-side second coupling surface  24  generally has a central recess  29 , and the dielectric  26  has a recess  26   a  through which runs an axial body  31  which forms the pivot axis and carries the pointer or tapping arm  13   a , and which is made of an insulating plastic to avoid a galvanic connection. 
     The entire arrangement is generally likewise mechanically held and anchored by an insulator  33 , which forms a base, on the inside  18 ′ of the housing  18 , i.e., the at least one-half housing  18   a.    
     In order to now specifically provide, for example, a different power distribution for specific striplines, in the exemplary embodiment according to  FIG. 3  a branched device  113  is provided which in the exemplary embodiment shown is connected, usually galvanically but possibly also capacitively, to the actual feeding and/or tapping arm  13   a , namely, preferably at a holding section  40  located nearer to the central and/or pivot axis  9 . A secondary capacitive coupling KK 2  is ultimately achieved which includes a first secondary coupling surface KF 21  and a second coupling surface K 22 , which will be discussed hereafter. 
     This branched feeding and/or tapping device  113  with the shown branched feeding and/or tapping element or arm  113   a  now overlies with its corresponding first secondary coupling surface KF 21  a corresponding section, i.e., a corresponding second secondary coupling surface KF 22  on the associated stripline  5 , namely, on the side opposite the actual feeding and/or tapping arm  13   a . The mentioned secondary capacitive coupling KK 2  is thereby formed, namely, likewise once again preferably with a fixed dielectric or insulator  127  connected in between. This insulator  127  is preferably affixed to and/or formed on the branched feeding and/or tapping arm  113   a  and is movable along with it. The height or thickness of this insulator  127  on the opposite side between the strip element and the actual feeding and/or tapping element  13   a  usually corresponds to the clear distance between the respective coupling surfaces KF 21  and KF 22 . Likewise, as a rule an insulator  27  relating to the primary capacitive coupling KK 1  is provided, the thickness thereof corresponding to the distance between the first primary coupling surface KF 11  and the second primary coupling surface KF 22 . This insulator  27  is usually applied to the feeding and/or tapping element  13  and held so as to pivot with it, also continuously if necessary over one or more of the striplines, as can be seen in the sectional view of  FIG. 3 . 
     With reference to the schematic plan view in  FIG. 4 a    and the schematic cross-sectional view in  FIG. 4 b   , for a phase shifter assembly including two concentric striplines it is shown only by way of example that the strengthened and improved power distribution according to the invention is yet further improved if, for the feeding and/or tapping device  13  which overlies all the striplines  5 , between the two coupling sections relating to the two striplines  5  the associated feeding and/or tapping arm  13   a  has a line section  13 ″ which has a tapered, narrower material section compared to the coupling sections, particularly running transverse to the direction of extension. This minimal transverse extent should generally not be below 4.0 mm so as to maintain sufficient mechanical stability or stiffness. From the plan view of  FIG. 4 a    it can be seen that, for example, the primary coupling area between the first feeding and/or coupling arm  13   a  and the outer as well as the inner stripline  5  is wider in the pivot direction than is the width of a line section  13 ″ located between them. Likewise, in the area of the secondary capacitive coupling, the second feeding and/or tapping device  113  provided for the inner stripline  5  is wider than the mentioned line section  13 ″ between the two coupling areas of the primary feeding and/or tapping element  13   a . Both the primary and the secondary capacitive couplings KK 1 , KK 2  can have coupling areas which in their width extension, that is, corresponding to the pivot direction  11 , are of the same or similar size or are even differently dimensioned. 
     In the variant according to  FIG. 5 , four striplines are provided, so that n=4, and at least one, i.e., in this case the innermost, stripline, is equipped with the additional second coupling device in the form of the branched feeding and/or tapping element  113 . 
     In the variant of  FIG. 6 , a cross-sectional view is rendered which is similar to the variant of  FIG. 5 , the branched feeding and/or tapping element  113   a , however, being designed with a larger radial longitudinal extent, and hence overlying not only the innermost first stripline  5  on the side opposite the feeding and/or tapping arm  13 , but also the second stripline  5  more distant from it, and here as well establishing an additional capacitive coupling in this second stripline  5 . Both interior striplines  5  hereby obtain a greater power share. A suitable insulator is usually provided in each of these additional branched feeding and/or tapping elements  113   a  at the corresponding first secondary coupling surface KF 21 , which during pivoting of the feeding and/or tapping element  13   a  over the striplines on their surfaces, is pivotable while remaining in contact with this surface. If necessary, however, the additional installation of such an insulator  127  can be forgone in one case or another if a suitable insulator  127  is provided, for example at an adjacent secondary capacitive coupling and/or an adjacent stripline. Similarly, the insulators  27  are usually provided on the feeding and/or tapping arm  13 , which are not illustrated in  FIGS. 6 through 11 . 
     In the variant of  FIG. 7 , this arm  113   a  reaches to the penultimate stripline  5  counting from the inside, so that only the outermost, that is, the nth, stripline  5  is not equipped with an additional second coupling device, and for that reason a lower power share is allocated to it. 
     The depicted construction is valid basically independently of whether the number n of striplines is larger or smaller than the four striplines shown in the explained exemplary embodiment. 
     What matters here, contrary to the prior art, is that at least the one or the plurality of striplines  5 , which are not intended to be allocated a higher power share, are not equipped with a corresponding branched feeding and/or tapping device. This principle of the invention applies basically independently of how many striplines the phase shifter assembly includes. This principle of the invention can be used if a phase shifter assembly—as explained—includes at least two striplines in particular concentrically positioned next to one another, to which a stated feeding and/or tapping device as well as a suitable branched feeding and/or tapping device are allocated. 
     However, a higher power share can also be allocated to individual or multiple striplines in a targeted manner due to another implementation of the invention. 
     In the variant of  FIG. 8 , likewise also for a differential phase shifter with four striplines  5 , it is shown, for example, that only the second stripline, for example, needs to be supplied with a higher power share. 
     For this purpose, a suitable branched feeding and/or tapping device  113  is provided which is connected here, generally galvanically, possibly also capacitively, to the corresponding section between the first and second striplines  5  on the feeding or tapping arm  13   a  running on one side of the striplines, and is mechanically held by means of an angular attachment  41 , and for that reason is pivotable together with the feeding and/or tapping element  13 . 
     This additional second branched feeding and/or tapping device  113  is so constructed that, for example, it additionally overlies only the second stripline measured from the pivot axis  9  on the side opposite the feeding and/or tapping element  13   a , and allocates a larger power share to this second stripline. 
     In the variant of  FIG. 9 , the corresponding branched feeding and/or tapping device  113 , unlike in  FIG. 7 , is of extended construction and overlies not only the second stripline  5 , viewed from the pivot axis, but also the third stripline  5 . It is indicated there in dashes that the mentioned branched feeding and/or tapping device  113  could also again be constructed extending in the radial direction, and also provides a further additional secondary coupling device for the outermost, i.e., the nth, stripline  5 . 
     However, unlike in  FIG. 9 , the corresponding capacitive coupling devices can also be so formed according to  FIG. 10  that one or more additional branched feeding and/or tapping elements  113   a ,  113   b , and so forth are provided. 
     For example, at least one of the at least two additionally provided branched feeding and/or tapping elements  113   a ,  113   b , and so forth can each overlie only a single stripline  5  and be capacitively coupled via it. However, it would also be possible for one of more of the branched feeding and/or tapping elements  113   a ,  113   b , and so forth to overlie, for example, two or more striplines positioned next to one another, and thus be capacitively coupled. Within the scope of the construction according to the invention, it is necessary only that the additional branched feeding and/or tapping device  113  provided is only provided for at least one, and at most n−1, striplines, for which purpose individual striplines can be allocated an increased power share in a targeted manner. 
     In the variant according to  FIG. 11 , one of the two separate branched feeding and/or tapping arms  113 , for example the one closer to the central axis  9 , is of extended construction, so that its branched feeding and/or tapping arm  113   a  overlies two striplines located next to one another, namely, the second or third striplines measured from the central axis, and thus allocates a second coupling arrangement and therefore a coupling surface for increasing the power transfer, whereas the branched feeding and/or tapping arm  113   b  allocated to the outermost stripline, that is, the nth stripline, is of shortened construction and is allocated only to this outermost stripline  5 . 
     As a result of the depicted construction, due to the solution according to the invention one or more striplines  5 , which are arbitrarily determinable, can be allocated an additional coupling surface, and thus a coupling device, in a targeted manner for increasing the power branching. 
     The corresponding coupling surfaces KF 11 , KF 12  and/or KF 21 , KF 22  which achieve the capacitive coupling can also be provided with coupling attachments  35  protruding in the pivot direction, first on their own feeding and/or tapping arm  13  but also on the branched feeding and/or tapping arms  113   a ,  113   b , and so forth, as shown only by way of example in the modified plan view of  FIG. 4 a    for a modified exemplary embodiment including only two striplines. 
     In the variant according to  FIG. 4 a   , for example the feeding and/or tapping arm  13   a  which sweeps over all the striplines  5  relating to the outermost stripline, i.e., in the exemplary embodiment shown, relating to the second stripline  5  counting from the inside, is provided with coupling attachments  35  which protrude laterally in the pivot direction, as the result of which the coupling surface of this stripline  5  is also enlarged. 
     Regarding the inner first stripline  5 , the feeding and/or tapping arm  13   a  cannot be equipped with coupling attachments  35  of this type, or cannot be equipped with comparably sized radially protruding coupling attachments  35 . However, it is also possible that the coupling attachments  35  are even larger than, the same size as, or smaller than the corresponding coupling attachments  135  on the additionally provided at least one branched feeding and/or tapping device  113 . Any desired different dimensioning is also possible at each provided primary and/or capacitive coupling KK 1  and/or KK 2 . 
     Due to the mentioned differently dimensioned coupling attachments  35 , which usually protrude in the pivot direction over the line sections  13 ″ and/or  113 ″ located between two couplings KK 1 -KK 1  or KK 2 -KK 2 , an even further additional fine tuning relating to the power distribution can be undertaken. This additional fine tuning relating to the power distribution can be even further developed by designing the line section  13 ″ between two adjacent primary capacitive couplings with a reduced or increased line cross-section, as described by means of the exemplary embodiment of  FIGS. 4 a  and 4 b   . This also applies for a branched feeding and/or tapping device  113 , if it is equipped with at least two secondary capacitive couplings KK 2 , that is, overlying at least two adjacent striplines  5  and capacitively coupled with them. Here as well, a line section  113 ″ between two adjacent capacitive couplings KK 2  can have an enlarged or a reduced material cross section if necessary, at least in relation to the actual coupling surfaces, whereby the adjacent striplines are allocated different power shares within the scope of the secondary capacitive coupling KK 2 . 
     Thus, as a result of the depicted construction, a different power distribution relating to different striplines can be carried out due to an arbitrary combination of two different capacitive coupling concepts. The different coupling concepts include, on the one hand, that particular striplines only have a simple capacitive coupling to the feeding and/or tapping element  13   a , whereas on the other hand at least one to a maximum of n-striplines additionally has/have another capacitive coupling device, namely, in the form of an additionally provided branched feeding and/or tapping device  113 , which is positioned opposite to the feeding and/or tapping arm  13   a  with respect to the respective stripline. 
     This additional branched feeding and/or tapping device  113  can, for example, be anchored on the actual feeding and/or tapping element or arm or device via an angular attachment adjacent to an associated stripline  5 . This angular attachment  41  with the associated first secondary coupling surface KF 21  is preferably galvanically, possibly also capacitively, connected and coupled to the feeding and/or tapping element  13   a  carrying it. The corresponding mounting and holding area  40  for the angular attachment  41  is thereby preferably referenced to an associated stripline  5  (with which the capacitive coupling is to be effected) on the side closer to the central and/or pivot axis  7 ,  9 , but could also be positioned on the opposite side of the respective stripline  5  (also referring to the associated stripline  5  most distant from the pivot axis) on the feeding and/or tapping arm  13   a  running parallel to it, held there and pivotable with it. 
     In the case in which the branched feeding and/or tapping device  113  overlies only the innermost stripline or only a plurality of interior striplines which are therefore closer to the central and/or pivoting axis  9 , and effects a capacitive coupling in each case here, it is also possible that the branched feeding and/or tapping device  113  on the side facing the pivot axis  7 ,  9  is not, or is not directly mounted, and held on, and thus electrically connected to, the feeding and/or tapping element  13   a . In this case the feeding and/or tapping devices  113 , with their mounting and holding area  40 ′, which can be constructed here in the manner of an indicator head  43 , can thus be directly anchored and supported on the axis body  31 . With a co-rotating axis body  31 , the entire feeding and/or tapping element  13   a  is then pivoted with the associated branched feeding and/or tapping device  113 , or both of the indicator heads  25 ,  43  located in the area of the pivot axis  9  are mechanically connected and coupled for carrying out a shared pivoting motion. 
     It has already been mentioned that the branched feeding and/or tapping device  113  can, for example, have a holding attachment  41  by which it is held and situated on the feeding and/or tapping device  13 . The feeding and coupling can occur here galvanically or capacitively. The same then also applies if the feeding and/or tapping device  113  is held by an indicator head  43 , as is shown for example by  FIGS. 4 a , 4 b    or also  FIGS. 5 through 7 . It can generally be noted that the larger the coupling areas which cooperate here, the larger the coupling between the holding attachment  41  and the feeding and/or tapping device  13  and/or the indicator head  43  and the indicator head  25  of the feeding and/or tapping device. 
     With reference to the schematic plan view of  FIG. 12  and the schematic cross-sectional view of  FIG. 13 , a modification of the previous exemplary embodiments is shown in that here, for example, an additional branched feeding and/or tapping device  113   a  is shown extending from an indicator head  43  in the area of the pivot axis  7 ,  9  and leading up to the outermost stripline  5 ,  5   a . In this exemplary embodiment, a plurality of additional secondary capacitive couplings KK 2  is held and carried by means of this additional branched feeding and/or tapping device  113 ,  113   a  (similarly to  FIG. 6  and  FIG. 7 , for example), whereby, however, in a departure therefrom, the two additional secondary capacitive couplings KK 2  provided in the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 12  and  FIG. 13  are allocated not to two adjacent striplines  5 , but, rather, to two more remote striplines  5 , namely, with the interconnection of a stripline  5 ,  5   c  which is provided without an additional secondary capacitive coupling KK 2 . In this respect a coupling-free or minimally coupled zone  61  is formed here, because no coupling surfaces KF 21 , KF 22  are provided with suitable dimensioning here. Only the branched feeding and/or tapping arrangement  113  carrying the coupling device KK 2  itself is guided at a distance over the penultimate stripline  5  in this exemplary embodiment, for example without a fixed dielectric or insulator. The additional branched feeding and/or tapping device  113  is designed to be so narrow that virtually no effective coupling area is produced thereby with respect to the stripline which crosses it at a distance. 
     It can be seen in the plan view of  FIG. 12  that, for example, the width of this additional branched feeding and/or tapping device  113  is preferably considerably smaller than 50%, particularly smaller than 40%, 30%, 20% and if necessary even smaller than 10%, of the width of the primary feeding and/or tapping device  13 . 
     This opens the possibility of thus allocating coupling devices KK 2  to arbitrary striplines by means of a single pointer-like branched feeding and/or tapping device  113 , as no coupling device need be provided between two coupling devices of this type or even between the one feeding point in the area of the indicator head  43  and a first coupling device KK 2 , as is also accomplished in the variant of  FIG. 12  and  FIG. 13  (because the innermost stripline  5  here also has a coupling-free or minimally coupled zone  61 , which is crossed at a distance therefrom only by the narrow additional branched feeding and/or tapping device). 
     In the cross-sectional view of  FIG. 13 , it is indicated in dashes that the additional branched feeding and/or tapping device  113  does not necessarily have to run in a plane, but, rather, that the additional branched feeding and/or tapping device  113  can have tilted or curved sections, especially in the coupling-free or minimally coupled zones  61 , which are so constructed that the distance D between the lower side of the additional branched feeding and/or tapping device  113 ′ and the upper side of the stripline  5  crossing below it is further enlarged, whereby purely theoretical small coupling effects are yet further reduced. 
     The advantages which are achievable according to the invention are briefly presented hereafter. 
     A simplified cross-sectional view for a differential phase shifter assembly as is known from the prior art is shown in  FIG. 14 .  FIG. 13 , on the other hand, relates to a comparable differential phase shifter assembly according to the invention with increased power distribution. The variant of  FIG. 15  corresponds to the exemplary embodiment, which has already been explained with reference to  FIGS. 4 a    and  4   b.    
     The power distribution that is achievable, with regard to the inner or outer circular arc shaped striplines  5 , according to the prior art is shown in the diagram of  FIG. 16 . The diagram of  FIG. 15 , on the other hand, describes the possible improved and increased power distribution according to the invention between the inner and the outer striplines  5 , when a differential phase shifter assembly as explained with reference to  FIG. 15  is used. 
     The power distribution that is achievable in the variant of  FIG. 12 , with regard to the outer stripline  5   a  and the so-called inner stripline  5   b  nearer to the pivot axis  7 ,  9 , is shown in the diagram in  FIG. 15 . 
     The diagram of  FIG. 15  indicates the power distribution between the two striplines  5   a  and  5   b  over the frequency range from 1.7 GHz to 2.7 GHz. The upper line in the diagrams in  FIG. 16  describes the falling power share on the inner, stripline  5   b , that is, closer to the pivot axis  7 ,  9 , whereas the lower curve in the diagrams of  FIG. 16  over the frequency range describes the power share that impinges on the outer stripline  5   a , which is thus located farther away from the pivot axis  7 ,  9 . 
     Corresponding relationships for an exemplary embodiment in  FIG. 15  according to the invention are given in the diagram in  FIG. 17 . Here as well, the upper line describes the power share impinging on the inner stripline  5   b , whereas the line drawn below it describes the frequency-dependent power share which impinges on the outer stripline  5   a . It can be seen that within the scope of the exemplary embodiment according to the invention, with regard to the striplines  5   a  and  5   b , a considerably larger power distribution is possible than with the embodiments according to the prior art.