Patent Publication Number: US-2022225327-A1

Title: Bandwidth query report poll

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/669,266, filed Oct. 30, 2019, which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/799,130, filed Oct. 31, 2017, entitled “BANDWIDTH QUERY REPORT POLL”, which claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/419,159, filed Nov. 8, 2016, entitled “BANDWIDTH QUERY REPORT POLL”, assigned to the assignee of this application, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties for all purposes. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     This disclosure generally relates to wireless communication systems and methods for querying bandwidth in a wireless local area network (WLAN), including but not limited to systems and methods for resource allocation in a WLAN. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     Wireless communication systems can be multiple-access systems that are capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources within a wireless network. A wireless network (e.g., a WLAN, such as a WiFi network conforming to one or more of the IEEE 802. 11 family of standards) oftentimes includes an access point (AP) that communicates with one or more stations (STAs) or mobile devices. The AP can oftentimes be coupled to a network, such as the Internet, and can enable a station or mobile device to communicate via the network (and/or communicate with other devices coupled to the AP). 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Various objects, aspects, features, and advantages of the disclosure will become more apparent and better understood by referring to the detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters identify corresponding elements throughout. In the drawings, like reference numbers generally indicate identical, functionally similar, and/or structurally similar elements. 
         FIG. 1A  is a block diagram depicting an embodiment of a network environment including one or more wireless communication devices in communication with one or more devices or stations; 
         FIGS. 1B and 1C  are block diagrams depicting embodiments of computing devices useful in connection with the methods and systems described herein; 
         FIG. 2A  is a block diagram depicting an embodiment of a wireless communication system; 
         FIG. 2B  is a diagram of a wireless communication system utilizing BQRP to allocate resources according to an example embodiment; and 
         FIG. 2C  is a representation of a BQRP frame format according to an example embodiment. 
         FIG. 2D  is a flow diagram of an example embodiment of a method for wireless communication. 
         FIG. 2E  is a flow diagram of another example embodiment of a method for wireless communication. 
     
    
    
     The details of various embodiments of the methods and systems are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following standard(s) and specification(s), including any draft versions of such standard(s) and specification(s), are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and are made part of the present disclosure for all purposes: Long-Term Evolution (LTE); LTE-Advanced (LTE-A); 3GPP; and IEEE 802.11. Although this disclosure can reference aspects of these standard(s) and specification(s), the disclosure is in no way limited to these aspects. Various embodiments of these standard(s) and specification(s), such as LTE-U, sometimes referred to as licensed-assisted access (LLA) LTE, are within the scope of the disclosure. 
     For purposes of reading the description of the various embodiments below, the following descriptions of the sections of the specification and their respective contents can be helpful:
         Section A describes a network environment and computing environment which can be useful for practicing embodiments described herein; and   Section B describes embodiments of systems and methods for WLAN operation.       

     A. Computing and Network Environment 
     Prior to discussing specific embodiments of the present solution, aspects of the operating environment as well as associated system components (e.g., hardware elements) are described in connection with the methods and systems described herein. Referring to  FIG. 1A , an embodiment of a network environment is depicted. In brief overview, the network environment includes a wireless communication system that includes one or more base stations  106 , one or more wireless communication devices  102  and a network hardware component  192 . The wireless communication devices  102  can for example include laptop computers  102 , tablets  102 , personal computers  102  and/or cellular telephone devices  102 . The details of an embodiment of each wireless communication device and/or base station are described in greater detail with reference to  FIGS. 1B and 1C . The network environment can be an ad hoc network environment, an infrastructure wireless network environment, a subnet environment, etc., in one embodiment. 
     Terms such as “wireless communication device”, “user equipment,” “mobile station,” “mobile,” “mobile device,” “subscriber station,” “subscriber equipment,” “access terminal,” “terminal,” “handset,” and similar terminology, can refer to a wireless device utilized by a subscriber or user of a wireless communication service to receive or convey data, control, voice, video, sound, gaming, or substantially any data-stream or signaling-stream. The foregoing terms can be utilized interchangeably in the present disclosure. Likewise, terms such as “access point (AP),” “wireless access point (WAP),” “base station,” “base transceiver station”, “Node B.” “evolved Node B (eNode B or eNB),” home Node B (HNB),” “home access point (HAP),” and similar terminology, can be utilized interchangeably in the present disclosure, and refer to a wireless network component or apparatus that serves and receives data, control, voice, video, sound, gaming, or substantially any data-stream or signaling-stream from a set of wireless devices. 
     Referring again to  FIG. 1A , the base stations  106  can be operably coupled to the network hardware  192  via local area network connections. The network hardware  192 , which can include a router, gateway, switch, bridge, modem, system controller, appliance, etc., can provide a local area network connection for the communication system. Each of the base stations  106  can have an associated antenna or an antenna array to communicate with the wireless communication devices  102  in its area. The wireless communication devices  102  can register with a particular access point  106  to receive services from the communication system (e.g., via a SU-MIMO or MU-MIMO configuration). For direct connections (e.g., point-to-point communications), some wireless communication devices  102  can communicate directly via an allocated channel and communications protocol. Some of the wireless communication devices  102  can be mobile or relatively static with respect to the access point  106 . 
     In some embodiments, a base station  106  includes a device or module (including a combination of hardware and software) that allows wireless communication devices  102  to connect to a wired network using LTE, Wi-Fi, and/or other standards. A base station  106  can be implemented, designed and/or built for operating in a wireless local area network (WLAN), such as in a cellular network. A base station  106  can connect to a router (e.g., via a wired network) as a standalone device in some embodiments. In other embodiments, a base station can be a component of a router. A base station  106  can provide multiple devices  102  access to a network. A base station  106  can, for example, connect to a wired Ethernet connection and provide wireless connections using radio frequency links for other devices  102  to utilize that wired connection. A base station  106  can be built and/or implemented to support a standard for sending and receiving data using one or more radio frequencies. Those standards and the frequencies they use can be defined by the IEEE or 3GPP for example. A base station  106  can be implemented and/or used to support cellular coverage, public Internet hotspots, and/or on an internal network to extend the network&#39;s signal (e.g., Wi-Fi) range. 
     In some embodiments, the base stations  106  can be used for (e.g., in-home or in-building) wireless networks (e.g., IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, ZigBee, cellular, any other type of radio frequency based network protocol and/or variations thereof). Each of the wireless communication devices  102  can include a built-in radio and/or is coupled to a radio. Such wireless communication devices  102  and/or base stations  106  can operate in accordance with the various aspects of the disclosure as presented herein to enhance performance, reduce costs and/or size, and/or enhance broadband applications. Each wireless communication devices  102  can have the capacity to function as a client node seeking access to resources (e.g., data, and connection to networked nodes such as servers) via one or more base stations  106 . 
     The network connections can include any type and/or form of network and can include any of the following: a point-to-point network, a broadcast network, a telecommunications network, a data communication network, a computer network. The topology of the network can be a bus, star, or ring network topology. The network can be of any such network topology as known to those ordinarily skilled in the art capable of supporting the operations described herein. In some embodiments, different types of data can be transmitted via different protocols. In other embodiments, the same types of data can be transmitted via different protocols. 
     The communications device(s)  102  and base station(s)  106  can be deployed as and/or executed on any type and form of computing device, such as a computer, network device or appliance capable of communicating on any type and form of network and performing the operations described herein.  FIGS. 1B and 1C  depict block diagrams of a computing device  100  useful for practicing an embodiment of the wireless communication devices  102  or the base station  106 . As shown in  FIGS. 1B and 1C , each computing device  100  includes a central processing unit  121 , and a main memory unit  122 . As shown in  FIG. 1B , a computing device  100  can include a storage device  128 , an installation device  116 , a network interface  118 , an I/O controller  123 , display devices  124   a - 124   n , a keyboard  126  and a pointing device  127 , such as a mouse. The storage device  128  can include, without limitation, an operating system and/or software. As shown in  FIG. 1C , each computing device  100  can also include additional optional elements, such as a memory port  103 , a bridge  170 , one or more input/output devices  130   a - 130   n  (generally referred to using reference numeral  130 ), and a cache memory  140  in communication with the central processing unit  121 . 
     The central processing unit  121  is any logic circuitry that responds to and processes instructions fetched from the main memory unit  122 . In many embodiments, the central processing unit  121  is provided by a microprocessor unit, such as: those manufactured by Intel Corporation of Mountain View, Calif.; those manufactured by International Business Machines of White Plains, N.Y.; those manufactured by ARM Holdings, plc of Cambridge, England. or those manufactured by Advanced Micro Devices of Sunnyvale, Calif. The computing device  100  can be based on any of these processors, or any other processor capable of operating as described herein. 
     Main memory unit  122  can be one or more memory chips capable of storing data and allowing any storage location to be directly accessed by the microprocessor  121 , such as any type or variant of Static random access memory (SRAM), Dynamic random access memory (DRAM), Ferroelectric RAM (FRAM), NAND Flash, NOR Flash and Solid State Drives (SSD). The main memory  122  can be based on any of the above described memory chips, or any other available memory chips capable of operating as described herein. In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1B , the processor  121  communicates with main memory  122  via a system bus  150  (described in more detail below).  FIG. 1C  depicts an embodiment of a computing device  100  in which the processor communicates directly with main memory  122  via a memory port  103 . For example, in  FIG. 1C  the main memory  122  can be DRDRAM. 
       FIG. 1C  depicts an embodiment in which the main processor  121  communicates directly with cache memory  140  via a secondary bus, sometimes referred to as a backside bus. In other embodiments, the main processor  121  communicates with cache memory  140  using the system bus  150 . Cache memory  140  typically has a faster response time than main memory  122  and is provided by, for example, SRAM, BSRAM, or EDRAM. In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1C , the processor  121  communicates with various I/O devices  130   a - n  via a local system bus  150 . Various buses can be used to connect the central processing unit  121  to any of the I/O devices  130 , for example, a VESA VL bus, an ISA bus, an EISA bus, a MicroChannel Architecture (MCA) bus, a PCI bus, a PCI-X bus, a PCI-Express bus, or a NuBus. For embodiments in which the I/O device is a video display  124 , the processor  121  can use an Advanced Graphics Port (AGP) to communicate with the display  124 .  FIG. 1C  depicts an embodiment of a computer  100  in which the main processor  121  can communicate directly with I/O device  130   b , for example via HYPERTRANSPORT, RAPIDIO, or INFINIBAND communications technology.  FIG. 1C  also depicts an embodiment in which local busses and direct communication are mixed: the processor  121  communicates with U/O device  130   a  using a local interconnect bus while communicating with U/O device  131  directly. 
     A wide variety of I/O devices  130   a - n  and  131  can be present in the computing device  100 . Input devices include keyboards, mice, trackpads, trackballs, microphones, dials, touch pads, touch screen, and drawing tablets. Output devices include video displays, speakers, inkjet printers, laser printers, projectors and dye-sublimation printers. The U/O devices  130   a - n  can be controlled by an U/O controller  123  as shown in  FIG. 1B . The U/O controller can control one or more U/O devices such as a keyboard  126  and a pointing device  127 , e.g., a mouse or optical pen. Furthermore, an U/O device can also provide storage and/or an installation medium  116  for the computing device  100 . In still other embodiments, the computing device  100  can provide USB connections (not shown) to receive handheld USB storage devices such as the USB Flash Drive line of devices manufactured by Twintech Industry, Inc. of Los Alamitos, Calif. 
     Referring again to  FIG. 1B , the computing device  100  can support any suitable installation device  116 , such as a disk drive, a CD-ROM drive, a CD-R/RW drive, a DVD-ROM drive, a flash memory drive, tape drives of various formats, USB device, hard-drive, a network interface, or any other device suitable for installing software and programs. The computing device  100  can further include a storage device, such as one or more hard disk drives or redundant arrays of independent disks, for storing an operating system and other related software, and for storing application software programs such as any program or software  120  for implementing (e.g., built and/or designed for) the systems and methods described herein. Optionally, any of the installation devices  116  could also be used as the storage device. Additionally, the operating system and the software can be run from a bootable medium. 
     Furthermore, the computing device  100  can include a network interface  118  to interface to the network  104  through a variety of connections including, but not limited to, standard telephone lines, LAN or WAN links (e.g., 802.11, T1, T3, 56 kb, X.25, SNA, DECNET), broadband connections (e.g., ISDN, Frame Relay, ATM, Gigabit Ethernet, Ethernet-over-SONET), wireless connections, or some combination of any or all of the above. Connections can be established using a variety of communication protocols (e.g., TCP/IP, IPX, SPX, NetBIOS, Ethernet, ARCNET, SONET, SDH, Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), RS232, IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ax, IEEE 802.11ad, CDMA, GSM, WiMax, LTE, LTE-A and direct asynchronous connections). In one embodiment, the computing device  100  communicates with other computing devices  100 ′ via any type and/or form of gateway or tunneling protocol such as Secure Socket Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS). The network interface  118  can include a built-in network adapter, network interface card, PCMCIA network card, card bus network adapter, wireless network adapter, USB network adapter, modem or any other device suitable for interfacing the computing device  100  to any type of network capable of communication and performing the operations described herein. 
     In some embodiments, the computing device  100  can include or be connected to one or more display devices  124   a - 124   n . As such, any of the I/O devices  130   a - 130   n  and/or the I/O controller  123  can include any type and/or form of suitable hardware, software, or combination of hardware and software to support, enable or provide for the connection and use of the display device(s)  124   a - 124   n  by the computing device  100 . For example, the computing device  100  can include any type and/or form of video adapter, video card, driver, and/or library to interface, communicate, connect or otherwise use the display device(s)  124   a - 124   n . In one embodiment, a video adapter can include multiple connectors to interface to the display device(s)  124   a - 124   n . In other embodiments, the computing device  100  can include multiple video adapters, with each video adapter connected to the display device(s)  124   a - 124   n . In some embodiments, any portion of the operating system of the computing device  100  can be implemented for using multiple displays  124   a - 124   n . One ordinarily skilled in the art will recognize and appreciate the various ways and embodiments that a computing device  100  can be implemented to have one or more display devices  124   a - 124   n.    
     In further embodiments, an I/O device  130   a - n  can be a bridge between the system bus  150  and an external communication bus, such as a USB bus, an Apple Desktop Bus, an RS-232 serial connection, a SCSI bus, a FireWire bus, a FireWire 800 bus, an Ethernet bus, an AppleTalk bus, a Gigabit Ethernet bus, an Asynchronous Transfer Mode bus, a FibreChannel bus, a Serial Attached small computer system interface bus, a USB connection, or a HDMI bus. 
     A computing device  100  of the sort depicted in  FIGS. 1B and 1C  can operate under the control of an operating system, which control scheduling of tasks and access to system resources. The computing device  100  can be running any operating system such as any of the versions of the MICROSOFT WINDOWS operating systems, the different releases of the Unix and Linux operating systems, any version of the MAC OS for Macintosh computers, any embedded operating system, any real-time operating system, any open source operating system, any proprietary operating system, any operating systems for mobile computing devices, or any other operating system capable of running on the computing device and performing the operations described herein. Typical operating systems include, but are not limited to: Android, produced by Google Inc.; WINDOWS 7 and 8, produced by Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash.; MAC OS, produced by Apple Computer of Cupertino, Calif.; WebOS, produced by Research In Motion (RIM); OS/2, produced by International Business Machines of Armonk, N.Y.; and Linux, a freely-available operating system distributed by Caldera Corp. of Salt Lake City, Utah, or any type and/or form of a Unix operating system, among others. 
     The computer system  100  can be any workstation, telephone, sensor, desktop computer, laptop or notebook computer, server, handheld computer, mobile telephone, or other portable telecommunications device, media playing device, a gaming system, mobile computing device, or any other type and/or form of computing, telecommunications or media device that is capable of communication. The computer system  100  has sufficient processor power and memory capacity to perform the operations described herein. 
     In some embodiments, the computing device  100  can have different processors, operating systems, and input devices consistent with the device. For example, in one embodiment, the computing device  100  is a smart phone, mobile device, tablet or personal digital assistant. In still other embodiments, the computing device  100  is an Android-based mobile device, an iPhone smart phone manufactured by Apple Computer of Cupertino, Calif., or a Blackberry or WebOS-based handheld device or smart phone, such as the devices manufactured by Research In Motion Limited. Moreover, the computing device  100  can be any workstation, desktop computer, laptop or notebook computer, server, handheld computer, mobile telephone, any other computer, or other form of computing or telecommunications device that is capable of communication and that has sufficient processor power and memory capacity to perform the operations described herein. 
     Aspects of the operating environments and components described above will become apparent in the context of the systems and methods disclosed herein. 
     B. WLAN Operation 
     In a WLAN system in which a central controller makes decisions about which device accesses the medium, resources are allocated after consideration of competing resource requests from participating stations (STAs), in one or more embodiments. The central controller (e.g., Access Point) provides resource units for each given phase of data exchange, where each phase of data exchange provides resource units to more than one participating STA corresponding to a single window of time, in one or more embodiments. The resource units for different STAs are orthogonal through various means, e.g. frequency orthogonal, spatially orthogonal, etc., in one or more embodiments. In each of the allocated resource unit, an AP or a non-AP STA transmits an A-MPDU (Aggregated Media Access Point Protocol Data Unit) in a single user PLCP protocol data unit (PPDU) or multi-user PPDU to the intended recipient STA for efficiency improvement, in one or more embodiments. The allocated resource unit is a fragment or the whole operating channel of the AP, in one or more embodiments. 
     A non-AP STA (e.g., with A-BQR Support subfield of its high efficiency (HE) Capabilities element equal to 1) delivers bandwidth query reports (BQRs) to assist a corresponding AP in allocating downlink (DL) multi user (MU) and/or uplink (UL) MU resources in an efficient way, in one or more embodiments. The non-AP STA either implicitly delivers BQRs in the BQR A-Control field of any frame transmitted to the AP (unsolicited BQR), or explicitly delivers BQRs in any frame sent to the AP in response to a trigger frame received from the AP, in one or more embodiments. 
     A non-AP STA reports its channel availability information (unsolicited BQR) to the AP to which it is associated using the BQR A-Control field of frames it transmits, in one or more embodiments. The STA reports the channel availability information in the BQR A-Control subfield of frames the STA transmits if the AP has indicated the AP&#39;s support (e.g., in the A-BQR Support subfield of its HE Capabilities element); otherwise the STA reports the channel availability information in the BQR A-Control subfield, in one or more embodiments. 
     A HE AP solicits one or more HE non-AP STAs (e.g., with A-BQR Support subfield of its HE Capabilities element equal to 1) for their BQR(s) by sending a trigger frame, in one or more embodiments. The present disclosure provides a bandwidth query report poll (BQRP) as a trigger frame for triggering one or more STAs to send BQRs to an AP, in one or more embodiments. The AP transmits the BQRP to the one or more STAs that are intended to communicate with the AP, in one or more embodiments. The BQRP frame includes resource allocation information indicating resource units allocated (or intended/proposed to be allocated) for each STA, and triggering information that requests the STA to respond with BQR upon receiving the BQRP, in one or more embodiments. 
     In one or more embodiments, the BQRP frame has various frame formats, such as 9.3.1.23 (Trigger frame format). In one or more embodiments, the non-AP STA (e.g., with A-BQR Support subfield of its HE Capabilities element equal to 1) responds (solicited BQR) as defined below: 
     The STA that receives a BQRP frame follows the rules defined in 25.5.2.3 (STA behavior) to generate the trigger-based PPDU when the BQRP frame contains the STA&#39;s association identification (AID) in any of the Per User Info fields; otherwise the STA follows the rules defined in 25.5.2.6 (UL Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) based random access) to gain access to a random RU and generate the Trigger-based PPDU when the BQRP frame contains one or more random RU(s), in one or more embodiments. 
     The STA includes in the HE trigger-based PPDU one or more QoS (quality of service) Null frames containing the BQR A-Control field with the channel availability information of the STA when the AP has indicated its support in the A-BSR Support subfield of its HE Capabilities element, in one or more embodiments. The HE STA does not solicit an immediate response for the frames carried in the trigger-based PPDU (e.g., by setting the Ack Policy subfield of the frame to Normal Ack or Implicit BAR), in one or more embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2A , a wireless communication system  200  is depicted according to an example embodiment. The wireless communication system  200  includes a wireless access point (AP)  202  and multiple stations (e.g., STA 1 -STA 5 ) according to one or more embodiments. The AP  202  communicates with the multiple stations via a wireless network (e.g., WLAN) according to one or more embodiments. The AP  202  assigns an AID value to each of the stations STA 1 -STA 5 , and identifies the stations STA 1 -STA 5  using their assigned AID values, according to one or more embodiments. 
     In one or more embodiments, each of the AP  202  and the stations can be any suitable wireless device including, for example, a smart phone, personal digital assistant, tablet device, laptop computer, etc. In one or more embodiments, each of the AP  202  and the stations includes one or more transceivers, one or more processors, and/or one or more memory resources. In one or more embodiments, the one or more memory resources include a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores instructions for performing operations described in this disclosure. In one or more embodiments, the AP  202  can be any suitable device that allows one or more wireless devices to connect to a network (e.g., LAN, WAN, MAN, Internet) via the AP  202  using wireless communications such as WiFi, Bluetooth, and cellular communications. 
     In one or more embodiments, the AP  202  determines a bandwidth in the wireless network and/or allocates resource units within the bandwidth to the multiple stations. In one or more embodiments, the bandwidth determination and/or resource allocation include the AP  202  assigning each STA to a frequency channel and determine a channel availability of a corresponding frequency channel. In one or more embodiments, the AP  202  generates a BQRP frame including the resource allocation information and/or a bandwidth query requesting a receiving station to respond with a bandwidth query report (BQR). In one or more embodiments, the AP  202  transmits, directs or broadcast the BQRP frame to each of the stations. 
     In one or more embodiments, each station receives the BQRP frame from the AP  202  and determines a channel assigned to the station using information in the BQRP frame. In one or more embodiments, each station determines an availability of the assigned channel. In one or more embodiments, each station generates a respective BQR frame including information about the availability of the assigned channel. In one or more embodiments, each station transmits the BQR to the AP  202  in response to the BQRP. 
     In one or more embodiments, the AP  202  receives a BQR from each station and allocates resource units to each station based on the BQRs. In one or more embodiments, if or when the AP  202  receives a BQR from a station indicating that an assigned channel is not available, the AP does not allocate any resource units to the station. In one or more such embodiments, the AP  202  assigns another channel to the station and sends another BQRP frame indicating the updated channel assignment. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2B , a diagram of a wireless communication system utilizing BQRP to allocate resources is depicted according to an example embodiment. In one or more embodiments, the wireless communication system includes an AP (not shown) and eight stations (STA 1 -STA 8 ). In one or more embodiments, the AP communicates with the stations via a network with a predetermined bandwidth (e.g., a 160 MHz band). In one or more embodiments, the network is based on IEEE 802. 11 standards (e.g., a WiFi or WLAN network). In one or more embodiments, the network is based on IEEE 802.15 standards (e.g., a Bluetooth network). In one or more embodiments, the network is based on any suitable cellular or wireless communication standards. In one or more embodiments, the network has a bandwidth that is suitable for any corresponding network standards and allows the AP and the stations to communicate within the network. 
     In one or more embodiments, the AP divides the network bandwidth into a plurality of channels (or bands or subband), and assigns each station to a channel. For example, as shown in  FIG. 2B , the network has a 160 MHz bandwidth according to an example embodiment. The AP divides the 160 MHz bandwidth into multiple channels of the same or different bandwidths, e.g., into eight 20 MHz bandwidth channels for instance, according to one or more embodiments. The AP determines channel availability for each channel according to one or more embodiments, e.g., independent of the stations. The AP determines the channel availability by sensing whether the channel is clear for new communication according to one or more embodiments. In one or more embodiments, when the AP determines that one or more channels are not clear, the AP avoids assigning these channel(s) to the STAs. 
     For example, as shown in  FIG. 2B , the AP assigns channels to STA 1 -STA 8 . In one or more embodiments, the AP assigns initially assigns each channel to each station (e.g., channel  1  to STA 1 , channel  2  to STA 2 , etc.). The AP determines whether each of the channels  1 - 8  is available for the assigned STA according to one or more embodiments. In one or more embodiments, the AP determines that channel  3  and channel  5  are not clear according to the sensing results. In one or more such embodiments, the AP assigns or reassigns channel  4  to STA 3  (and STA 4 ), and channel  6  to STA 5  (and STA 6 ), so that STA  3  and STA  4  shares resources of channel  4  and STA  5  and STA  6  shares resources of channel  6 . In one or more embodiments, each channel includes a number of resource units (RUs). For example, the 160 MHz network bandwidth is divided into eight channels, and each channel has 20 MHz and/or  242  resource units in one or more embodiments. When a channel is assigned to a single STA, the STA can use all the RUs of the channel (e.g., 242 RUs of channel  1  assigned to STA 1 ). When a channel is assigned to more than one STA, the RUs of the channel are divided between the more than one STA (e.g., 106 RUs of channel  4  assigned to STA 3 , the other 106 RUs of channel  4  assigned to STA 4 .). 
     In one or more embodiments, the AP can operate on any suitable network with any bandwidths (e.g., 80 MHz, 80+80 MHz, etc.) In one or more embodiments, the AP can divide the network bandwidth into any suitable numbers of channels (e.g., divide the network into multiple 5 MHz channels). 
     In one or more embodiments, the AP sends a multi-user request-to-send (MU-RTS) frame to quieten one or more of the plurality of wireless stations operating in the vicinity and/or plurality of frequency channels. For example, the AP sends a MU-RTS to STAs  1 - 8 . In one or more embodiments, the AP defines one or more channels as primary channels, and sends the MU-RTS frame through the one or more primary channels. In one or more embodiments, the MU-RTS addresses (or is transmitted or broadcasted to) all the STAs that participate in the wireless communication with the AP, e.g., by including the STAs&#39; names in the frame. In one or more embodiments, the MU-RTS does not include or specify the STAs&#39; names. In one or more embodiments, a set of RUs (e.g., 26 RUs of 80 MHz channel) is set as a broadcast RU, so that all the other STAs around the AP do not respond to the MU-RTS. In one or more embodiments, the AP receives at least one clear-to-send (CTS) frame from the one or more STAs, e.g., in response to the MU-RTS. 
     In one or more embodiments, the AP generates a BQRP frame and sends the BQRP frame independent of the MU-RTS and CTS frames. In one or more embodiments, the AP can transmit the BQRP frame to the STAs before or after sending the MU-RTS to the STAs. The BQRP includes resource allocation information (e.g., channels and/or RUs assignments) and triggers a STA to respond a BQR upon receiving the BQRP frame, in one or more embodiments. In one or more embodiments, each STA receives the BQRP from the AP. In one or more embodiments, the STA receives information indicating that a channel and/or a plurality of RUs within the channel are assigned to the STA. In one or more embodiments, the STA determines a channel availability of the channel assigned to the STA, e.g., by sensing whether the assigned channel is busy or clear. In one or more embodiments, the STA generates a BQR (e.g., in response to the BQRP) that includes the channel availability information, and transmits the BQR to the AP. In one or more embodiments, the STA determines whether the assigned RUs are available for/to the STA. For example, as shown in  FIG. 2B , STA  3  senses that 106 RUs of the channel  4  that are assigned to the STA  3  are busy, in one or more embodiments. The STA 3  generates a report as feedback to the AP (e.g., a BQR) indicating that the assigned RUs are not available for the STA  3  to transmit or communicate data. By way of another example, as shown in  FIG. 2B , STA  7  is initially assigned to channel  7  with all the 242 RUs of channel  7 . Upon receiving the BQRP, the STA  7  senses or determines a channel availability of the channel  7 , and determines that the channel  7  is busy and not available for the STA  7  to communicate data with the AP. The STA  7  reports the determined channel availability back to the AP in response to the BQRP. 
     In one or more embodiments, the use of a BQRP frame enables all the recipients of the BQRP frame to respond with a corresponding BQR including the corresponding resource/channel availability. In one or more embodiments, the AP receives BQRs from some or all of the STAs, and modifies/updates resource allocations to the STAs based on the BQRs. In one or more embodiments, upon receiving the BQRs, the AP starts data transmission to the STAs that have reported or confirmed availability of resources. In one or more embodiments, the AP does not send data packets to STAs that reported unavailability of sufficient channel resources. For example, as shown in  FIG. 2B , STA  3  and STA  7  transmits BQRs to the AP indicating that the assigned channel  4  and channel  7  are busy. In this case, the AP does not transmit data to the STAs  3  and  7  according to one or more embodiments. In one or more embodiments, the AP transmits data to STAs  1 ,  2 ,  4 - 6 , and  8  upon receiving the BQRs indicating the assigned channels are available. In one or more embodiments, the STAs  1 ,  2 ,  4 - 6 , and  8  transmits block acknowledgement (BA) back to the AP acknowledging receipt of the data from the AP. 
     In one or more embodiments, the STAs have available BQR (A-BQR) support subfield including a HE capability element. In one or more embodiments, when the HE capability element equals to 1, the STA delivers a BQR to the AP for assisting the AP in allocating downlink multi user and/or uplink multiple user resources in an efficient way. In one or more embodiments, the STAs delivers BQRs in an available channel bit map field (A-control field) of any frame transmitted to the AP (unsolicited BQR) or explicitly deliver BQRs in any frame sent to the AP in response to a BQRP variant trigger frame (solicited BQR). 
     In one or more embodiments, a STA can only report its channel availability information to the AP to which it is associated, using the BQR A-Control field of a frame it transmits, if the AP has indicated its support in the A-BQR support subfield of its HE capability element. Otherwise, the STAs cannot report the channel availability information in the BQR A-Control subfield. 
     In one or more embodiments, the BQRP described herein enables the AP to solicit the STAs (e.g., with A-BQR support subfield of their HE capabilities element equal to 1) for their BQRs. In one or more embodiments, the STAs that receive the BQRP frame operate according to the rules defined in IEEE 25.5.2.3 (STA behavior) standard to generate the trigger-based PPDU when the BQRP frame contains the STA&#39;s AID in any of the user information fields of the BQRP. In one or more embodiments, the STAs operate according to the rules defined in IEEE 25.5.2.6 (UL OFDMA-based random access) to gain access to a random RU and generate the trigger-based PPDU when the BQRP contains one or more random RUs. 
     In one or more embodiments, each STA includes one or more QoS Null frames in the HE trigger-based PPDU containing the BQR A-Control field with the channel availability information of the STA, when the AP has indicated its support in the A-BSR support subfield of its HE capabilities element. In one or more embodiments, the HE STA does not solicit an immediate response for the frames carried in the trigger-based PPDU (e.g., by setting the Ack policy subfield of the frame to Normal Ack or Implicit BAR). 
     In one or more embodiments, the A-Control field includes eight bits. In one or more embodiments, the first four bits of the A-Control field indicates the channel availability of a primary channel. For example, for a 20 MHz channel, the first bit of the A-Control field is set to 1 if the channel is available, and is set to 0 otherwise. For a 40 MHz channel, the first bit of the A-Control field is set to 1 if the 20 MHz covering tone [−244:−3] is available and is set to 0 otherwise, and the second bit of the A-Control field is set to 1 if the 20 MHz covering tone [3:244] is available and is set to 0 otherwise. In one or more embodiments, the last four bits of the A-Control field indicates the channel availability of the secondary channel. For example, the fifth bit is set to 1 if the 20 MHz covering tone [−500:−259] is available and is set to 0 otherwise, and the sixth bit of the A-Control field is set to 1 if the 20 MHz covering tone [−258:−17] is available and is set to 0 otherwise, the seventh bit is set to 1 if the 20 MHz covering tone [17:258] is available and is set to 0 otherwise, the eight bit is set to 1 if the 20 MHz covering tone [259:500] is available and is set to 0 otherwise. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2C , a diagram of a BQRP frame format is depicted according to an example embodiment. In one or more embodiments, the BQRP frame  300  includes features similar to those described above, including resource allocation information and the ability to trigger a recipient STA to report or respond with a BQR. In one or more embodiments, the BQRP frame is a trigger frame with any suitable format that is used for triggering a STA to respond with a BQR. In one or more embodiments, the BQRP frame has a format as defined in  FIG. 2C , including a common information field  302  and one or more user information fields  304 . In one or more embodiments, the BQRP frame includes a first set of user information fields dedicated to a specific set of STAs by including or specifying an identifier (e.g., a STA ID) of each corresponding STA. In one or more embodiments, the BQRP frame includes a second set of user information fields (e.g., intended for another set of STAs) which do not identify specific STA IDs. 
     In one or more embodiments, the common information field  302  includes a trigger type subfield  308 . In one or more embodiments, the trigger type subfield  308  is defined with any suitable bit configuration or representation for carrying the trigger type information (e.g., 4 bits as shown in  FIG. 2C ). In one or more embodiments, the trigger type subfield  308  is used to indicate to a recipient of the BQRP frame to respond a BQR. In one or more embodiments, the common information field  302  includes a CS require subfield  310 . In one or more embodiments, the CS require subfield is set to 1 which represents a request or instruction to the recipient STA to consider the status of the CCA (using Energy Detect defined in 21.3.18.5.2 CCA sensitivity for operating classes requiring CCA-ED) and the virtual carrier sense (NAV) before UL MU transmission in response to the BQRP frame. 
     In one or more embodiments, the user information field  304  includes an AID12 subfield  312  identifying a participated STA. In one or more embodiments, the user information field  304  includes a RU allocation subfield  314  including resource allocation information for the corresponding STA. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2D , one example embodiment of a method for wireless communication is depicted. In one or more embodiments, the method includes transmitting, by an access point, a BQRP frame to one of a plurality of wireless stations (operation  402 ). The AP receives a BQR from each of the plurality of wireless stations in response to the BQRP frame (operation  404 ). The AP allocates one or more resource units to each of the plurality of wireless using the received BQR (operation  406 ). 
     Referring now to operation  402 , and in one or more embodiments, an AP (e.g., with features similar to those described above) generates a BQRP frame including resource allocation information and a query/request for a BQR. In one or more embodiments, the AP transmits, sends or broadcasts the BQRP to a plurality of STAs. In one or more embodiments, each of the plurality of STAs is assigned (or initially assigned) to one of a plurality of frequency channels for communication. In one or more embodiments, each of the plurality of frequency channels is associated with a channel bandwidth and comprises a plurality of resource units. In one or more embodiments, each of the plurality of STAs is assigned to a set of RUs within the assigned frequency channel. 
     In one or more embodiments, the BQRP frame includes resource allocation information of the channel assignments and/or the RUs assignments. In one or more embodiments, the BQRP frame includes resource allocation information of initial/proposed channel assignments and/or RUs assignments, to be confirmed via feedback to be provided by BQRs. In one or more embodiments, a first bandwidth query for a first wireless station of the plurality of stations is specified in a first user information field of the BQRP frame. In one or more embodiments, the first wireless station is identified via information in an association ID subfield of the first user information field. In one or more embodiments, the BQRP frame further includes an additional bandwidth query that is not directed to a specific wireless station, the additional bandwidth query corresponding to a user information field with an association ID subfield set to a value of zero. 
     Referring now to operation  404 , a BQR is received by the AP from each of the plurality of wireless stations in response to the BQRP frame, according to one or more embodiments. Each BQR indicates whether the frequency channel assigned to the corresponding wireless station is available to the corresponding wireless station, according to one or more embodiments. In one or more embodiments, the BQRP frame enables each of the STAs to respond with a BQR to assist the AP to allocate resource and/or conduct data transmission/communication efficiently. 
     Referring now to operation  406 , the AP uses the received BQRs from the plurality of STAs to allocate (or confirm the initial/proposed allocation of) resource units to each STA, according to one or more embodiments. In one or more embodiments, allocation of resources to a station represents or corresponds to using or providing the resources (or resource units) to transmit data to the station. The AP does not allocate any resource units to a STA that reports with a BQR indicating that the assigned channel is busy and not available for data transmission, according to one or more embodiments. The AP reallocates resource units to a STA that reports a BQR indicating that the assigned (or proposed) channel is busy and not available for data transmission, according to one or more embodiments. The AP allocates resource units within the assigned channel to a STA when the STA reports with a BQR indicating that the assigned (or proposed) channel is available, according to one or more embodiments. The AP transmits data through the allocated resource units to the STA, according to one or more embodiments. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2E , one example embodiment of a method for wireless communication is depicted. In one or more embodiments, the method includes receiving, by a wireless station, a bandwidth query report poll (BQRP) frame from an AP (operation  502 ). The STA generates a bandwidth query report in response to the BQRP frame (operation  504 ). The STA transmits the BQR to the access point (operation  506 ). The STA receives information indicating one or more resource units assigned to the wireless station when the frequency channel is available (operation  508 ). 
     Referring now to operation  502 , and in one or more embodiments, a STA receives a BQRP frame which is similar as the BQRP frame described above. The STA determines resource allocation information using the BQRP frame, in one or more embodiments. In one or more embodiments, the BQRP frame provides, specifies or proposes an assignment of a channel to the STA, and/or an assignment of resource units of the assigned channel to the STA, according to one or more embodiments. The STA is associated with a unique identifier, according to one or more embodiments. The STA uses the identifier to locate resource allocation information included in a user information field of the BQRP frame, according to one or more embodiments. 
     Referring now to operations  504  and  506 , and in one or more embodiments, the STA determines a channel availability of the assigned channel, e.g., by sensing or detecting (via energy detection for instance) whether the assigned channel is clear. In one or more embodiments, the STA generates a BQR report (including the determined channel availability information) in response to the BQRP. In one or more embodiments, the STA transmits the BQR to the AP, in response to the BQRP. 
     Referring now to operation  508 , in response to transmitting the BQR to the AP, the STA receives an allocation of one or more resource units by the access point to the STA, when the corresponding frequency channel is available. In one or more embodiments, the STA receives the allocation of resource units according to the allocation previously proposed or specified in the BQRP. In one or more embodiments, the STA receives the allocation of resource units by receiving a transmission of data from the AP. In one or more embodiments, the STA receives the allocation of the one or more resource units, when the frequency channel is determined to be available, according to one or more embodiments. The STA receives the same resource allocation information as included or specified in the BQRP frame when the STA transmits a BQR indicating the assigned channel is available, according to one or more embodiments. In one or more embodiments, the STA receives information or a message from the BQRP confirming the allocation of one or more resource units by the access point to the STA. In one or more embodiments, the STA receives this information as part of a transmission of data from the AP, e.g., in a header of a received frame. A STA receives no resource allocation when the STA transmits a BQR indicating that the assigned channel is not available, according to one or more embodiments. 
     Although the disclosure might reference one or more “users”, such “users” can refer to user-associated devices, for example, consistent with the terms “user” and “multi-user” typically used in the context of a MU-MIMO environment for instance. Although examples of communications systems described above can include devices and access points operating according to an IEEE 802.11, 3GPP or LTE standard, it should be understood that embodiments of the systems and methods described can operate according to other standards and use wireless communications devices other than devices implemented as devices and base stations. For example, communication interfaces associated with cellular networks, satellite communications, vehicle communication networks, 802.11 and other non-802.11 wireless networks can utilize the systems and methods described herein to achieve improved overall capacity and/or link quality without departing from the scope of the systems and methods described herein. 
     It should be noted that certain passages of this disclosure can reference terms such as “first” and “second” in connection with devices, arrays, direction, etc., for purposes of identifying or differentiating one from another or from others. These terms are not intended to merely relate entities (e.g., a first device and a second device) temporally or according to a sequence, although in some cases, these entities can include such a relationship. Nor do these terms limit the number of possible entities (e.g., devices) that can operate within a system or environment. 
     It should be understood that the systems described above can provide multiple ones of any or each of those components and these components can be provided on either a standalone machine or, in some embodiments, on multiple machines in a distributed system. In addition, the systems and methods described above can be provided as one or more computer-readable programs or executable instructions embodied on or in one or more articles of manufacture. The article of manufacture can be a floppy disk, a hard disk, a CD-ROM, a flash memory card, a PROM, a RAM, a ROM, or a magnetic tape. In general, the computer-readable programs can be implemented in any programming language, such as LISP, PERL, C, C++, C#, PROLOG, or in any byte code language such as JAVA. The software programs or executable instructions can be stored on or in one or more articles of manufacture as object code. 
     While the foregoing written description of the methods and systems enables one of ordinary skill to make and use various embodiments of these methods and systems, those of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiment, method, and examples herein. The present methods and systems should therefore not be limited by the above described embodiments, methods, and examples, but by all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the disclosure.