Patent Publication Number: US-8982647-B2

Title: Resistive random access memory equalization and sensing

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The subject disclosure relates generally to semiconductor electronics, and more particularly to signal equalization for resistive random access memory in conjunction with memory sensing. 
     BACKGROUND 
     A recent innovation within the field of integrated circuit technology is the resistive random access memory (RRAM). While much of RRAM technology is in the development stage, various technological concepts for RRAM have been demonstrated and are in one or more stages of verification to prove or disprove associated theory(ies). Even so, RRAM technology promises to hold substantial advantages for future growth in the semiconductor electronics industry. 
     According to various theoretical models, the RRAM can be configured to have multiple resistive states; for instance, the RRAM can be configured to have a relatively low resistance or a relatively high resistance. Moreover, the RRAM can generally be configured to enter one or another resistive state in response to an external condition imposed upon the RRAM. Thus, in transistor parlance, applying or removing the external condition can serve to program or de-program the RRAM. Moreover, depending on physical makeup and electrical arrangement, an RRAM can generally maintain a programmed or de-programmed state. Maintaining a state might require other conditions be met (e.g., existence of a minimum operating voltage, existence of a minimum operating temperature, . . . ), or no conditions be met, depending on a makeup of the RRAM. Generally speaking, the capacity to be in one of two states and maintain one or another of the states can serve to represent one binary bit of information. Thus, RRAM is theoretically usable as electronic memory in suitably arranged electronic circuits. 
     Several proposals for practical utilization of RRAM technology include various transistor-based memory applications. For instance, RRAM elements are often theorized as viable alternatives, at least in part, to metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) type memory transistors commonly employed for electronic storage of digital information. Models of RRAM-based memory devices provide some potential advantages over non-volatile FLASH MOS type transistors, including smaller die size, higher memory density, fast switching (e.g., from a relatively conductive state to a relatively non-conductive state, or vice versa), good data reliability, low manufacturing cost, and others. Because of these potential benefits, and because demand for faster and smaller electronic devices appears to continue unabated, much interest in RRAM technology and RRAM development exists. 
     SUMMARY 
     The following presents a simplified summary of the subject disclosure in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects described herein. This summary is not an extensive overview of the disclosed subject matter. It is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of the disclosed subject matter nor delineate the scope of the subject innovation. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of the disclosed subject matter in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later. 
     Aspects of the subject disclosure provide for a resistive random access memory (RRAM) architecture that can mitigate sneak path current (also referred to herein as leak current) in conjunction with electronic memory applications. Such applications can include, but are not limited to, a program (or write) application, a read application, or an erase application. Particular aspects disclose employing a voltage mimicking mechanism to dynamically drive un-selected bitlines of the electronic memory at a voltage observed by a selected bitline. According to these aspects, time-varying changes observed by the selected bitline can be applied to the un-selected bitlines as well. This can help reduce or avoid voltage differences between the selected bitline and the un-selected bitlines, thereby also reducing or avoiding sneak path currents between respective bitlines of the RRAM architecture. 
     In one or more aspects is disclosed an input/output (I/O) based memory architecture. The I/O based memory architecture can facilitate improvements in reduced sneak path current as disclosed herein. Particularly, the I/O based memory architecture can be configured to connect respective I/O contacts of a memory array comprising multiple blocks of memory, to a subset of bitlines of respective blocks of memory. As one illustrative example, a single I/O contact could be connected to one bitline of a first block of memory, another bitline of a second block of memory, and so on, to reduce or avoid leak current between bitlines within a particular block of memory (e.g., the first block of memory, the second block of memory, . . . ) measured at the single I/O contact. By isolating non-selected blocks of memory from the I/O contact, leak current among different blocks of memory can also be mitigated or avoided. 
     In another aspect(s), disclosed is a sense amplifier for measuring signal characteristics of an RRAM array. The sense amplifier can be configured to facilitate a mimicking circuit, similar to the mimicking mechanism described above, to dynamically drive non-selected bitlines and a selected bitline with a common signal. Further, the sense amplifier can be pre-charged to further mitigate or avoid leak current in an RRAM array. 
     In still other aspects, disclosed is a Y multiplexing (YMUX) circuit. The YMUX circuit can be configured for interconnecting various portions of an RRAM array to facilitate memory operations on subsets of the RRAM array (e.g., respective blocks of memory, respective bitlines, . . . ). In particular aspects, the YMUX can be configured to selectively connect a subset of bitlines or a subset of blocks of memory with an I/O contact(s). In further aspects, the YMUX circuit can be configured to selectively apply a mimicked voltage (e.g., a mimicked bias voltage) to dynamically selected subsets of bitlines of the RRAM array. Dynamic selection of subsets of bitlines can provide a flexible circuit that responds quickly to memory cell selections and facilitates real-time sneak path mitigation in conjunction with RRAM sensing or other memory operations. 
     In a further aspect, the subject disclosure provides a semiconductor memory. The semiconductor memory can comprise a set of RRAM, and a set of bitlines connected to respective subsets of the set of RRAM and configured to activate or deactivate respective ones of the subsets of the set of RRAM by application of a bias voltage. Furthermore, the semiconductor memory can comprise a bias voltage replication circuit configured to dynamically track an observed voltage at a selected one of the set of bitlines resulting from application of the bias voltage to the selected one of the set of bitlines, and to apply the dynamically tracked observed voltage to a non-selected one of the set of bitlines. 
     In one or more additional aspects, provided is a method of fabricating a semiconductor memory. The method can comprise forming a plurality of bitlines and a plurality of wordlines onto the semiconductor memory and forming an array of resistive random access memory (RRAM) having columns aligned along respective ones of the plurality of bitlines and rows aligned along respective ones of the plurality of wordlines. Moreover, the method can comprise connecting respective first contacts of respective ones of the array of RRAM to one of the plurality of bitlines and respective second contacts of the respective ones of the array of RRAM to one of the plurality of wordlines and forming a multiplexer circuit in the semiconductor memory configured for selectively applying an operation signal at least to a subset of the plurality of bitlines. In addition, the method can comprise forming an equalization circuit for driving a second subset of the plurality of bitlines with an operation voltage observed at the subset of the plurality of bitlines in response to the operation signal. 
     In yet another aspect, disclosed herein is a method of operating electronic memory. The method can comprise selecting a wordline of the electronic memory and applying a read voltage to a bitline of the electronic memory that is connected to a RRAM element selected for reading. Furthermore, the method can comprise connecting the bitline to a circuit that dynamically mimics an actual voltage at the bitline of the electronic memory and driving at least one additional bitline adjacent to the bitline with the actual voltage in conjunction with reading a state of the RRAM element. 
     The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative aspects of the disclosed subject matter. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the innovation can be employed and the disclosed subject matter is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. Other advantages and novel features of the disclosed subject matter will become apparent from the following detailed description of the innovation when considered in conjunction with the drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a block diagram of an example resistive random access memory circuit architecture according to one or more aspects of the subject disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  depicts a circuit diagram of a sample resistive random access memory (RRAM) array architecture according to one or more aspects. 
         FIGS. 3A and 3B  depict diagrams of an example RRAM circuit comprising sneak path currents according to further aspects. 
         FIG. 4  depicts a circuit diagram of an example circuit configured to mitigate or avoid sneak current in an RRAM array according to particular aspects. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a block diagram of an example RRAM architecture comprising a circuit for mitigating or avoiding sneak path currents. 
         FIG. 6  depicts a circuit diagram of an example multiplexer for selective control of dynamic bias and sensing connections for an RRAM memory. 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a circuit diagram of an example sense amplifier according to one or more additional aspects of the subject disclosure. 
         FIG. 8  depicts a diagram of an example input/output based RRAM architecture according to one or more further aspects. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates a flowchart of a sample method for fabricating an RRAM array with reduced sneak path current pursuant to disclosed aspects. 
         FIG. 10  depicts a flowchart of an example method for operating an RRAM memory with reduced sneak path current according to further aspects. 
         FIG. 11  illustrates a block diagram of an example electronic operating environment according to one or more additional aspects of the subject disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The disclosed subject matter is described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout the description. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the subject innovation. It may be evident, however, that the disclosed subject matter may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram or schematic form in order to facilitate describing the subject innovation. 
     In various aspects of the subject disclosure, provided is an architecture and one or more circuit components for mitigating or avoiding sneak path current in a two-terminal memory device array. Two-terminal memory devices, as utilized herein, comprise circuit components having two electrical contacts with an active region between the two conductive contacts. The active region of the two-terminal memory device exhibits linear or non-linear non-volatile resistive characteristics in response to a voltage difference applied at the two conductive contacts. Examples of two-terminal memory devices, though not exhaustive, can include resistive random access memory (RRAM), phase-change memory (PCM), a phase-change random access memory (PCRM), a magneto-resistive access memory (MRAM) or a ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM), or the like, or a suitable combination thereof. As utilized herein, where one type of two-terminal memory device is referenced (e.g., RRAM), it should be appreciated that the scope of the subject disclosure contemplates substitution of other suitable types of two-terminal memory (e.g., PCM, PCRM, MRAM, FeRAM, . . . ) for the referenced two-terminal memory, except where otherwise clear from context. 
     With respect to RRAM, an example of an RRAM can include a filamentary-based RRAM, which in turn can include: a p-type silicon bearing layer (e.g., p-type polysilicon, p-type SiGe), an undoped amorphous silicon layer (i.e., having intrinsic characteristics), and an active metal layer for providing filament forming ions to the amorphous silicon layer (e.g., silver (Ag), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), aluminum (AI), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), vanadium (V), cobalt (Co), platinum (Pt), and palladium (Pd)). Some details pertaining to RRAM similar to the foregoing example can be found in the following U.S. patent applications that are licensed to the assignee of the present application for patent: application Ser. No. 11/875,541 filed Oct. 19, 2007 and application Ser. No. 12/575,921 filed Oct. 8, 2009, each of which are incorporated by reference herein in their respective entireties. 
     It should be appreciated that a variety of RRAM technologies exist, having different physical properties. For instance, different RRAM technologies can have different discrete programmable resistances, different associated program/erase voltages, as well as other differentiating characteristics. For instance, a unipolar RRAM, once initially programmed, can be later programmed in response to a first positive voltage (e.g., three volts) and erased in response to a second positive voltage (e.g., between four and five volts). Bipolar RRAM, on the other hand, becomes programmed in response to a positive voltage and erased in response to a negative voltage. Where no specific RRAM technology or program/erase voltage is specified for the various aspects and embodiments herein, it is intended that such aspects and embodiments incorporate any suitable RRAM technology and be operated by program/erase voltages appropriate to that RRAM technology, as would be known by one of ordinary skill in the art or made known by way of the context provided herein. It should be appreciated further that where substituting a different RRAM technology would require circuit modifications that would be known to one of ordinary skill in the art, or changes to operating signal levels that would be known to one of such skill, embodiments comprising the substituted RRAM technology(ies) or signal level changes are considered within the scope of the subject disclosure. 
     RRAM memory cells have several advantages over conventional FLASH or metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) memory devices. First, RRAM technology can generally be small, consuming silicon area on the order of 4F 2  per adjacent RRAM device (e.g., a memory cell comprising two RRAM devices would therefore be approximately 8F 2  if constructed in adjacent silicon space). Non-adjacent RRAM devices, e.g., stacked above or below each other, can consume as little as 4F 2  for a set of multiple non-adjacent devices. This leads to great semiconductor component density and memory density, and low manufacturing costs for a given number of transistors. RRAM also has fast programming speed and low programming current, and smaller cell sizes enabling greater component densities. Additionally, RRAM is non-volatile memory, having the capacity to store data without continuous application of power. In addition to the foregoing, RRAM cells can generally be built between metal interconnect layers, enabling RRAM-based devices to be usable for two-dimension as well as three-dimension semiconductor architectures. 
     One problem common to RRAM-type crossbar memory arrays of many varieties is sneak path current, also referred to as leak current. Sneak path current can result from a voltage difference across adjacent or nearby bitlines of a memory array. For instance, a RRAM memory cell positioned between metal inter-connects (e.g., bitlines and wordlines) of a crossbar array is not a true electrical insulator, and thus a small amount of current can flow in response to the aforementioned voltage differences. Further, these small amounts of current can add together, particularly when caused by multiple voltage differences observed across multiple metal inter-connects. During a memory operation, a sneak path current(s) can co-exist with an operating signal (e.g., program signal, erase signal, read signal, . . . ) and reduce operational margin. For instance, in conjunction with a read operation on a selected memory cell, sneak path current sharing a read path with the selected memory cell can add to a sensing current, reducing sensing margin of read circuitry. 
     A cross point RRAM configuration (e.g., see  FIG. 3 , infra) can experience sneak path currents. Because RRAM components positioned at intersections of bitlines and wordlines have finite resistance, small currents resulting from voltage differences of metal inter-connects can occur. These small currents, or sneak path currents, can reduce efficacy of operational margin for RRAM memory architectures. 
     In some aspects, sneak path current can be mitigated by driving a set of bitlines at a common voltage (e.g., a bias voltage). This intended effect of driving each bitline with a common voltage is to reduce voltage difference among bitlines of the set—at least in theory. In practice, however, voltage of a target bitline can vary a small amount depending on a state of an RRAM connected to the target bitline. For instance, in the context of a read operation, if a selected RRAM is in a conductive state (e.g., a program state) and permits a relatively large amount of current to flow in response to application of a read signal at the target bitline, a voltage observed by the target bitline can change from the nominal bias voltage value. Other RRAM that are not selected will be non-conductive, and permit relatively little current to flow. Bitlines connected to these other RRAM will tend to remain much closer to the bias voltage, resulting in a voltage difference between the target bitline and other bitlines, leading to sneak path currents throughout the array of the unselected cell. 
     The foregoing problem of voltage difference among metal inter-connects can be readily observed within a given block of memory, comprising sets of closely packed bitlines. This phenomenon can commonly occur in crossbar connected arrays. During a read operation, one row of a selected block of memory is read. Because respective RRAM cells can be in either a program or erase state (in the binary context), voltages of bitlines within the selected block can differ based on program or erase states of RRAM cells on a selected bitline, as well as RRAM cells on non-selected bitlines. Large numbers of bitlines and wordlines can lead to large numbers of sneak path currents, drastically reducing sensing margin of read operations. Thus, group equalization, or driving bitlines with a common bias voltage, can be less than ideal for a word-based RRAM array, since all bitlines of a memory block are connected to a common I/O connect in such an array. 
     To address the foregoing problems, the subject disclosure dynamically drives non-selected bitlines with an observed voltage of a selected bitline. To accomplish this result, a bias voltage replication circuit is provided that dynamically mimics a voltage of the selected bitline. Further, an output of the bias voltage replication circuit is utilized to bias the non-selected bitlines. In this manner, voltage changes in the selected bitline during a read operation (e.g., resulting from program or erase state of a selected RRAM cell) can be propagated to non-selected bitlines, reducing or avoiding voltage differences among the bitlines. In various other aspects, there is also disclosed a sensing amplifier to facilitate application of the bias voltage replication circuit, a multiplexer (YMUX) for selectively connecting an input and an output of the bias voltage replication circuit to different subsets of RRAM cells, as well as for selectively connecting bitlines to an I/O connect of the sensing amplifier, and an I/O based RRAM architecture for further facilitating mitigation or avoidance of bitline voltage differences and resulting sneak path currents within bitlines of a block of memory. 
     Referring now to the drawings,  FIG. 1  illustrates a block diagram of an example memory architecture  100  according to one or more aspects of the subject disclosure. Memory architecture  100  can be dynamically configured to mitigate or avoid sneak path current in conjunction with operating an RRAM array  102 . Accordingly, memory architecture  100  can preserve a substantial amount of sensing margin, potentially reducing read errors in RRAM memory applications. 
     RRAM array  102  can comprise at least one set of wordlines  104  and at least one set of bitlines  108 . Wordlines  104 , as depicted, include WL 0 , WL 1 , WL 2 , . . . WL N , where N is a suitable integer greater than one. Further, bitlines  108  include members of the set from 0 to X; stated differently, the set of bitlines  108  includes BL 0 , BL 1 , BL 2 , . . . , BL X , where X is also a suitable integer greater than one. In some aspects of the subject disclosure, the integers N and X can have the same value (e.g., eight, . . . ). However, the disclosure need not be limited to these aspects, and in other aspects N and X can have different values. 
     Wordlines  104  and bitlines  108  can form a block of memory within RRAM array  102  (which can also be referred to herein as a group of memory, a memory group, a memory block, or the like), which can be activated or deactivated by a select line SL  106 . In some aspects, the block of memory can have a RRAM cell positioned at an intersection of some or all wordlines  104  and bitlines  108 . In particular aspects, wordlines  104  can be local wordlines, commonly activated by one or more transistors connected to a global wordline (e.g., see  FIG. 2 , infra, at  206 ,  210  and  212 ). In this case, RRAM cells can instead be positioned at an intersection of subsets of local wordlines  104  and bitlines  108 . Although a single set of wordlines  104  and set of bitlines  108  is depicted for RRAM array  102 , it should be appreciated that RRAM array  102  can instead comprise multiple blocks of memory, including multiple sets of wordlines  104  and multiple sets of bitlines  108 . Likewise, respective ones of the blocks of memory can be activated or deactivated by respective ones of multiple select lines SL  106 . 
     Memory operations of memory architecture  100  (e.g., a read operation, a write operation, an erase operation, . . . ) can be directed toward a single block of memory at a given time, or in some aspects, one or more operations directed toward different blocks of memory can be implemented concurrently. For instance, in at least one aspect, a read operation (or multiple read operations) could be implemented for a bitline of a block of memory (e.g., in an I/O based array, see  FIG. 8 , infra). In other aspects, a read operation can be directed toward a subset of bitlines  108  of a single block of memory. In still other aspects, multiple respective read operations can target multiple respective subsets of bitlines of one or more blocks of memory. 
     RRAM array  102  can be selectively connected to or isolated from a YMUX circuit  110 . YMUX circuit  110  can be configured to selectively connect or disconnect subsets of bitlines  108  with a dynamic biasing sense amplifier  114 . This can be accomplished through sets of switches  112 . Switches  112  can include a set of Y select switches comprising switches 0 to X for each of bitlines  108  (depicted as Y SEL&lt;X:0&gt; ), and a set of Y selectB switches, also comprising switches 0 to X for each of bitlines  108  (depicted as Y SEL     —     B&lt;X:0&gt; ). Switches  112  can serve to dynamically connect or isolate subsets of bitlines  108  with an I/O contact(s)  116 A or V BIAS  contact(s)  118 A related to dynamic biasing sense amplifier  114  (e.g., see  FIG. 6 , infra, for one example circuit implementation of YMUX  110 ). 
     Dynamic biasing sense amplifier(s)  114  can comprise a set of I/O connects  116 B (having a shared set of contacts at I/O connects  116 A of YMUX circuit  110 ) as well as one or more V BIAS  contacts  118 B (having shared contacts at V BIAS    118 A of YMUX circuit  110 ). According to particular aspects of the subject disclosure, V BIAS    118 B can be generated from a voltage observed at a target one of bitlines  108  and relayed to YMUX circuit  110  at V BIAS  contact  118 A. As such, V BIAS    118 B can dynamically mimic changes in the observed voltage of the target bitline. Utilizing switches  112 , this dynamically mimicked V BIAS    118 B can be connected from V BIAS  contact  118 A to a subset of bitlines  108 ; or more specifically, to non-selected ones of bitlines  108 . Thus, V BIAS    118 B can be utilized to drive the non-selected ones of bitlines  108 , thereby mitigating voltage differences between the target bitline and the non-selected bitlines. As described above, this can in turn mitigate sneak path currents within RRAM array  102  caused by such voltage differences. 
     Upon connecting non-selected ones of bitlines  108  to V BIAS  contact  118 A, YMUX circuit  110  can then connect dynamic biasing sense amplifier  114  to RRAM array  102 . A pre-charge signal  120  can be applied at one or more of bitlines  108  (or wordlines  104 , in some aspects of the subject disclosure) to facilitate a memory operation on RRAM array  102 . For a read operation directed toward the above-mentioned selected RRAM cell, a bitline read voltage V BL     —     READ    122  can be applied to the target bitline associated with this selected RRAM cell. If activated (e.g., programmed), a relatively high read current will flow through the selected programmed RRAM cell. If deactivated (e.g., erased) a relatively low read current will instead flow through the selected erased RRAM cell. YMUX circuit  110  can connect I/O contact  116 B of dynamic biasing sense amplifier  114  to a read path of selected RRAM cell (through I/O contact  116 A) to sense or measure a magnitude of current at the selected RRAM cell in response to read voltage V BL     —     READ    122  being applied at the target bitline. A suitable reference current I REF    124  can be chosen to delineate the erased cell read current from the programmed cell read current. Thus, by measuring the current at the selected RRAM cell via I/O contact  116 A and I/O contact  116 B, and comparing the measured current to I REF    124 , dynamic biasing sense amplifier  114  can determine whether the selected RRAM cell is activated or deactivated, thereby reading the cell. Furthermore, measuring the current of the selected RRAM cell can be done with relatively little or no sneak path current, because V BIAS    118 B and YMUX circuit  110  can dynamically drive non-selected ones of bitlines  108  at a voltage observed by the target bitline. This can render a read operation more efficient and effective, and can improve sensing margin of dynamic biasing sense amplifier  114 , providing a significant advantage over conventional memory operations suffering from un-mitigated sneak path currents. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a circuit diagram of an example memory block  200  according to particular aspects of the subject disclosure. Memory block  200  can be a block of RRAM memory cells, as depicted by resistive elements. Although not depicted in memory block  200 , in alternative aspects of the subject disclosure one or more of the RRAM memory cells can be a non-linear resistive cell (e.g., represented by a resistive element in series with a diode element). These non-linear resistive cells can have much lower reverse current as compared with forward current. The subject disclosure is not limited to the depicted aspects or the alternative aspects of the subject disclosure, and instead can comprise still other examples of RRAM memory cells aside from basic resistive elements or non-linear resistive memory cells, as is known in the art or made known to one of skill in the art by way of the context provided herein. 
     Memory block  200  comprises a set of bitlines  202  intersected by a set of wordlines  204 . Note that individual RRAM cells  208  of memory block  200  are not located at intersections of respective bitlines  202  and wordlines  204 . Rather, a set of local wordlines, including local wordline  210 , provide a common contact for respective RRAM cells  208  of a row of RRAM cells  208  of memory block  200 . Thus, a selected row  206  indicated by the shaded oval comprises a set of X RRAM cells  208 , connected at respective first contacts thereof to respective ones of bitlines  202 , and connected at respective second contacts thereof to local wordline  210 . Selection of selected row  206  can be accomplished via an associated wordline WL 1  (which can also be referred to as a global wordline, spanning multiple memory blocks  200 ) and a wordline select transistor  212 , and a source line  214 . By applying a select signal at WL 1  optionally in conjunction with a suitable bias voltage at source line  214 , wordline select transistor  212  can be activated, thereby connecting RRAM cells  208  of selected row  206  to a corresponding sensing bitline(s) (not depicted). Meanwhile, wordlines WL 0  through WL N  can be biased at a low voltage or inhibit voltage (or can float), thereby deactivating corresponding select transistors associated with these wordlines. 
     Application of a read voltage to a target bitline of bitlines  202  can serve to select an associated RRAM cell  208  (connected to the target bitline) of selected row  206  for a read operation. Particularly, in the event that the read voltage is applied to BL 5 , then the depicted RRAM cell  208  of selected row  206  that is connected at its first contact to BL 5  will effectively be selected for the read operation. With WL 1  driven at a select voltage (e.g., high signal), wordline select transistor  212  is activated, thereby connecting RRAM cell  208  to source line  214 . If RRAM cell  208  is in an activated state permitting a relatively large read current (e.g., programmed), this large read current will flow to sensing path  214  in response to application of the read voltage at BL 5 . If, on the other hand, RRAM cell  208  is in a deactivated state only permitting a relatively low erase current (e.g., erased state, deprogrammed state, . . . ), this relatively low erase current will instead flow to sensing patch  214  in response to application of the read voltage at BL 5 . By measuring the relatively large read current or the relatively low erase current at sensing path  214 , a state of RRAM cell  208  can be determined. 
     The particular arrangement of memory block  200  provides high performance high density RRAM memory cells  208 , but also can generate sneak path currents along bitlines  202  and local wordlines  210 . Particularly, if a voltage difference is observed between subsets of bitlines  202 , sneak path currents can flow at local wordline  210  between respective bitlines  202  (e.g., see  FIG. 3 , infra). These sneak path currents can distort the read current or erase current of a selected RRAM cell  208 . This distortion in turn reduces sensing margin at sensing path  214 , worsening efficacy of read operations of memory block  200 . Accordingly, techniques for mitigating sneak path current can significantly improve these read operations as compared with memory systems that do not have reliable mechanisms to mitigate sneak path currents. 
       FIG. 3A  illustrates a diagram of an example memory architecture  300 A experiencing sneak path currents according to one or more aspects of the subject disclosure. Memory architecture  300 A comprises a cross-point array, having intersecting wordlines  302 A and bitlines  304 A. At each intersection of a wordline  302 A and a bitline  304 A is an RRAM memory cell. Lightly shaded RRAM memory cells are un-selected RRAM cells  306 A, whereas the darkly shaded RRAM memory cell is a selected RRAM cell  308 A. Particularly, selected RRAM cell  308  is selected for a read operation in the diagram of  FIG. 3A . 
     For the example memory architecture  300 A of  FIG. 3A , different wordlines  302 A observe different small differences in voltage (e.g., because the program pattern in the array is different). For instance, the middle wordline connected to selected RRAM memory cell  308 A experiences 1.0 volts, whereas the top and bottom wordlines connected only to un-selected RRAM memory cells  306 A experience 0.95 volts. This difference of 50 millivolts can result in several sneak path currents  312 A throughout memory architecture  300 A, depicted by the dashed lines. 
     As described herein, a read operation generally involves measuring or sensing a magnitude of a current flowing through a selected memory cell in response to application of a read voltage to that selected memory cell. As depicted in FIG.  3 A, a read current, I READ    310 A is depicted by the bold line, following a read path through the middle of wordlines  302 A, through selected RRAM memory cell  308 A, and finally out the middle of bitlines  304 A. However, a magnitude of I READ    310 A will add with other currents along the read path, including the sneak path currents  312 A (depicted by the dashed lines). Thus, sneak path currents along wordlines  302 A and bitlines  304 A can add to (or subtract from, depending on polarity) the magnitude of TREAD  310 A, distorting its value. For instance, if the net effect of the sneak currents is to increase a 10 microamp I READ    310 A to 15 microamps, a loss of 5 microamps of sensing margin is observed at memory architecture  300 A. This can negatively impact data integrity and performance of the read operations of RRAM cells of memory architecture  300 A. However, if the voltage differences experiences by wordlines  302 A or bitlines  304 A can be significantly reduced, the magnitudes of these sneak path currents can likewise be significantly reduced, thereby restoring a substantial part of the data integrity and performance of the read operation. Particular aspects for reducing sneak path currents are described throughout the subject disclosure. These aspects can be implemented separately, for some improvement, or in various suitable combinations, for synergistic improvement, significantly alleviating the problems depicted by sneak path currents  312 A of memory architecture  300 A or similar memory architectures. 
       FIG. 3B  illustrates a schematic view  300 B of memory architecture  300 A to illustrate the paths of sneak currents and read currents. A set of wordlines  302 B intersect a set of bitlines  304 B, with RRAM elements interconnecting respective intersections of respectives ones of the set of wordlines  302 B and respective ones of the set of bitlines  304 B. Read current  310 B depicted by a solid arrow flows down a middle one of set of bitlines  304 B and out a middle one of set of wordlines  302 B. Sneak path currents  312 B are depicted by dotted lines. Sneak path currents  312 B have current paths from the middle of the set of bitlines  304 B to the remaining ones of the set of bitlines  304 B, via the outside ones of the set of wordlines  302 B. By sharing a path with read current  310 B along the middle one of the set of bitlines  304 B, the sneak path currents  312 B can affect a magnitude of read current  310 B, distorting measurements of read current  310 B and reducing sensing margin. By diminishing sneak path currents  312 B, the distortion of read current  310 B can be reduced or avoided. 
       FIG. 4  depicts a circuit diagram of an example sensing circuit  400  that facilitates reduction of sneak path currents in electronic memory, according to one or more particular aspects of the subject disclosure. Sensing circuit  400  can comprise a sense amplifier  116 , which can be substantially similar to sense amplifier  114  of  FIG. 1  (including at least a subset of the features of sense amplifier  114  of  FIG. 1 ). However, it should be appreciated that sense amplifier  116  can include additional features as described below. Sense amplifier  116  is connected to a YMUX circuit  110 , which can be substantially similar to YMUX circuit  110  of  FIG. 1 . As depicted, YMUX circuit  110  provides a selected bitline signal  404  as an input to sense amplifier  116 . Additionally, a reference generator  406  generates a reference voltage V REF  which serves as a second input to sense amplifier  116 . 
     Sense amplifier  116  can comprise an amplifier circuit  402 . Amplifier circuit  402  includes at least two inputs, as depicted, a + input (non-inverting input) and a minus input (inverting input). Selected bitline signal  404  is provided to the non-inverting input, with the reference voltage being provided to the inverting input. An output of amplifier  402  S OUT     —     B    408  is fed back through a reference resistor R REF    410  to the selected non-inverting input of amplifier  402 . 
     Additionally, selected bitline signal  404  and the R REF    410  feedback are input to a replication amplifier  412 . Replication amplifier outputs a replication signal  414  that dynamically mimics the selected bitline voltage  404 . This replication signal  414  is provided back to YMUX circuit  110 . Accordingly, YMUX circuit  110  can be configured to drive non-selected bitlines with replicated signal  414 , to reduce or eliminate voltage differences between the selected bitline and the non-selected bitlines, thereby mitigating or avoiding sneak path currents caused by these voltage differences. 
       FIG. 5  depicts a block diagram of an example memory architecture  500  according to alternative or additional aspects of the subject disclosure. Memory architecture  500  can comprise an RRAM array  502 . In at least one aspect, RRAM array  502  can be substantially similar to RRAM array  102  of  FIG. 1 , although the subject disclosure is not limited to this aspect(s). As depicted, RRAM array  502  can comprise a set of wordlines, including wordlines WL 0 , WL 1 , WL 2 , . . . , WL N . Additionally, RRAM array  502  can comprise a set of bitlines, including a target bitline(s)  508  and a set of un-selected bitlines  510 . Depending on a type of memory operation employed and a particular architectural implementation of RRAM array  502 , more than one target bitline  508  can be activated or selected for a given memory operation (e.g., see  FIG. 8 , infra). While the following description will refer to target bitline  508  in the singular, it is intended to include implementations having multiple target bitlines as is known in the art or made known to one of skill in the art by way of the context provided herein. 
     RRAM array  502  can be selectively connected to or electrically isolated from a YMUX  504 . YMUX  504  can be substantially similar to YMUX circuit  110  in some aspects of the subject disclosure, although in other aspects YMUX  504  and YMUX circuit  110  can share a subset of common features, while having one or more additional features unique to one or another device. In at least one aspect, YMUX  504  can be substantially similar to YMUX circuit  600  of  FIG. 6 , infra. 
     YMUX  504  is configured to receive and route a voltage signal  512  of target bitline  508  to a sense amp  506 . Changes in the voltage of target bitline  508  (e.g., due to activation of target bitline  508 , application of a read voltage, change in current flow through target bitline  508 , . . . ) can be reflected in voltage signal  512  as well. Sense amp  506  can comprise a signal replication circuit that mimics dynamic changes in voltage signal  512  (and the voltage of target bitline  508 ) and outputs a replicated signal  514  associated therewith. Particularly, replicated signal  514  can be generated to dynamically reflect changes that might occur in the voltage of target bitline  508 . Replicated signal  514  is provided as an input to YMUX  504 . 
     Upon receiving replicated signal  514 , YMUX  504  can be configured to selectively connect replicated signal  514  to a subset of the bitlines of RRAM array  502 . For instance, YMUX  504  can be configured to connect replicated signal  514  to respective ones of unselected bitlines  510 , and isolate replicated signal  514  from target bitline  508 , in at least one aspect. Alternatively, or in addition, YMUX  504  can be configured to connect replicated signal  514  to a subset of unselected bitlines  510 . This subset can comprise, for instance, bitlines immediately adjacent to target bitline  508 , bitlines that are removed from target bitline  508  by a predetermined number of bitlines or fewer, or bitlines experiencing a voltage difference with respect to target bitline  508  that rises above a predetermined magnitude, or the like, or a suitable combination thereof. 
     Upon connecting replicated signal  514  to the subset of the bitlines of RRAM array  502 , respective voltage differences between respective ones of the subset of bitlines and target bitline  508  can be reduced. This reduction in voltage difference can in turn reduce magnitude of some or all sneak path currents within RRAM array  502  (e.g., see  FIG. 3 , supra). In at least one aspect of the subject disclosure, utilizing a replication signal  514  to reduce sneak path current within a RRAM array  502  can be implemented in conjunction with an I/O based architecture (e.g., see  FIG. 8 , infra). The I/O based architecture can connect a subset of bitlines of multiple memory blocks to a given I/O connection with a sense amplifier (e.g., sense amp  506 , . . . ). In this manner, other bitlines of a given memory block can be isolated from the I/O connection, mitigating effects of sneak path currents generated by these other bitlines, at least as observed by the sense amp at the given I/O connection. The I/O based architecture can be employed in conjunction with driving unselected bitlines  510  with a signal that dynamically mimics voltage changes in target bitline  508 , for synergistic improvements in efficiency and efficacy of read operations of a RRAM memory architecture. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a circuit diagram of an example Y-multiplexer (YMUX)  600  according to one or more particular aspects of the subject disclosure. YMUX  600  can be configured to selectively interconnect one or more bitlines of an RRAM array with a dynamic V BIAS  signal, according to an aspect, and further can be configured to selectively interconnect one or more bitlines of the RRAM array with an I/O contact for sensing. Furthermore, it should be appreciated that a subset of the bitlines can dynamically change for different memory operations of the RRAM array. For instance, YMUX  600  can select a first subset of bitlines to connect to the V BIAS  signal for a first memory operation, and then select a second subset of bitlines, different from the first subset of bitlines, to connect to the V BIAS  signal for a second memory operation, and so on. Likewise, YMUX  600  can select a third subset of bitlines (different from the first subset, the second subset, . . . ) to connect to the I/O contact for the first memory operation, and then select a fourth subset of the bitlines (different from the first subset, the second subset, the third subset, . . . ) to connect to the I/O contact for the second memory operation, or the like. 
     YMUX  600  comprises a set of contacts with a corresponding set of bitlines of a memory array. As depicted, the set of bitline contacts can include contacts for BL &lt;0&gt;    602 , BL &lt;1&gt;    604 , BL &lt;2&gt;    606 , . . . BL &lt;X&gt;    608  (referred to collectively as bitline contacts  602 - 608 ). Each of the bitline contacts  602 - 608  also has an associated set of switches, including a respective I/O switch  610  and a respective V BIAS  switch  612 . Thus, BL &lt;0&gt;   602  has an associated I/O switch  610  and an associated V BIAS  switch  612 , and likewise for other bitlines of bitline contacts  602 - 608 . Respective I/O switches  610  are activated or deactivated by respective Y select signals, including Y SEL&lt;0&gt;  for an I/O switch  610  associated with BL &lt;0&gt;   602 , Y SEL&lt;1&gt;  for an I/O switch  610  associated with BL &lt;1&gt;   604 , and so on. Activation of a particular I/O switch connects a corresponding bitline contact  602 - 608  with I/O contact  614 . In at least some aspects of the subject disclosure, I/O contact  614  can be connected to a sense amplifier (e.g., the non-inverting input of amplifier  402  of sense amp  116  of  FIG. 4 , supra) for sensing a signal at one or more of bitline contacts  602 - 608 , for instance. In addition to the foregoing, respective V BIAS  switches  612  are activated or deactivated by respective Y select_B signals, including Y SEL     —     B&lt;0&gt;  for a V BIAS  switch  612  associated with BL &lt;0&gt;   602 , Y SEL     —     B&lt;1&gt;  for a V BIAS  switch  612  associated with BL &lt;1&gt; , and so on. Activation of a particular V BIAS  switch connects a corresponding bitline contact  602 - 608  with V BIAS  signal  616 . 
     In operation, YMUX  600  can selectively connect a subset of bitline contacts  602 - 608  to V BIAS  signal  616 , by activating corresponding Y select_B signals of the subset of bitline contacts  602 - 608 . Other bitline contacts  602 - 608  can be isolated from V BIAS  signal  616  by leaving corresponding Y select_B signals of these other bitline contacts  602 - 608  at low magnitude, or deactivated. Likewise, YMUX  600  can selectively connect a second subset of bitline contacts  602 - 608  to I/O contact  614  by selectively activating (setting to high magnitude) Y select signals of the second subset of I/O switches  610  corresponding with the second subset of bitline contacts  602 - 608 . 
     The following is a particular example of operation of YMUX  600  for a read operation of a memory cell connected to BL &lt;0&gt; . It should be appreciated that this example can be extended to read operations of memory cells on other bitlines, in an analogous manner of operation. Upon selection of BL &lt;0&gt;   602  for the read operation, Y SEL&lt;0&gt;  can activate I/O switch  610  associated with BL &lt;0&gt;   602 , thereby connecting bitline contact  602  with I/O contact  614 . A voltage measurement of bitline contact  602  can be acquired (e.g., by a replication amplifier  412  of  FIG. 4 , supra) and applied to V BIAS  contact  616 . In addition, YMUX  600  can activate Y SEL     —     B&lt;1&gt;  associated with BL &lt;1&gt;   604 , Y SEL     —     B&lt;2&gt;  associated with BL &lt;2&gt;   606 , . . . through Y SEL     —     B&lt;X&gt;  associated with BL &lt;X&gt; 608 , thereby connecting bitline contacts  604 - 608  to V BIAS  signal  616 , to drive bitline contacts  604 - 608  with the voltage measurement of bitline contact  602 , mitigating voltage differences between bitline contact  602  and respective ones of bitline contacts  604 - 608 . This can effectively reduce sneak path currents of the memory array associated with bitline contacts  602 - 608 , as described herein. 
       FIG. 7  depicts a circuit diagram of an example sensing circuit  700  for reading selected cells of an RRAM array, according to one or more additional aspects of the subject disclosure. Sensing circuit  700  can comprise a sense amplifier  710 , delineated by the bold dashed rectangle, connected with a replication amplifier  730  and an operational amplifier OA  720 . Respective amplifier circuits perform different functions in conjunction with a memory array, as described below. 
     Sense amplifier  710  can comprise an amplifier  712  that receives a voltage V OUT    714  as an input, and that outputs a signal S OUT     —     B . Particularly, S OUT     —     B  can be indicative of a state of a measured memory cell, such as an RRAM cell. V OUT    714  can be a voltage provided by I/O contact  740  in conjunction with a bitline read voltage V BL     —     READ    724  output by OA  720 . A pre-charge signal  718  can be applied to a pre-charge switch to selectively connect or isolate V BL     —     READ    724  from an input of amplifier  712 . Likewise, a signal V CASCODE     —     REF    716  can activate or deactivate a switch CASCODE    717  that connects or isolates the input of amplifier  712  from I/O contact  740  and the pre-charge switch  718  as depicted. V CASCODE     —     REF    716  sets the bitline voltage approximately at V CASCODE     —     S −V T  (where V T  is the threshold of the transistor comprising switch CASCODE    717 ). Accordingly, the input of amplifier  712  as well as the constituent parts of such input can be individually controlled by different components of sense amp  710 . 
     Also, as depicted, a reference current switch activated or deactivated by reference current I REF    715  can integrate a reference signal (not depicted) as a component of V OUT    714 . I REF    715  can be set to delineate a read current (e.g., current of a programmed cell) from an erase current (e.g., current of an erased cell) of a selected memory cell in response to application of the bitline read voltage V BL     —     READ    722  to a bitline associated with the selected memory cell. When sensing a programmed cell, current of the cell &gt;I REF  and S OUT     —     B  has a relatively high magnitude. On the other hand, when sensing an erased cell, current of the cell &lt;I REF  and consequently S OUT     —     B  has a relatively low magnitude (e.g., approximately zero, or approaching zero). 
     OA  720  provides the bitline read voltage V BL     —     READ    724  for sense amp  710 . The bitline read voltage can be based on a bitline reference voltage V BL     —     READ     —     REF    722  input to OA  720 . In some aspects of the subject disclosure, V BL     —     READ    722  can be a voltage applied to a target bitline for sensing a memory cell connected to the target bitline (e.g., see  FIG. 2 , supra). 
     Replication amplifier  730  can be employed to replicate a signal at I/O contact  740  and output the replicated signal as a bias voltage V BIAS    732 . V BIAS    732  can in turn be utilized to drive non-selected bitlines of a memory cell to mitigate voltage differences among bitlines of the memory cell, as described herein. 
     An example read operation pertaining to a selected RRAM cell of an RRAM memory device is described below. It should be appreciated that the example read operation is not intended to be exclusive, and other read operations known in the art or made known to one of ordinary skill in the art by way of the context provided herein are intended to be included within the scope of the subject disclosure. Particularly, the read operation comprises a pre-charge operation followed by a sensing operation. The pre-charge operation can comprise a voltage V dd  applied to pre-charge contact  718  and to a wordline select contact (e.g., see  FIG. 2 , supra) of an RRAM memory array. Un-selected wordlines can be grounded, or driven at zero volts. I REF    715  can be applied at a suitable reference current for delineating a read current of the selected memory cell and an erase current of the selected memory cell. Selected and unselected bitlines can be pre-charged at 1 volt, along with V BL     —     READ     —     REF    722 . Furthermore, V CASCODE     —     REF    716  can be pre-charged at the bitline read voltage V BL     —     READ    724  plus the threshold voltage V t  of the switch CASCODE    717  transistor. To read the selected memory cell, the sensing operation can be initiated in which the voltage at pre-charge contact  718  is changed from V dd  to zero volts, and the selected bitline and unselected bitlines are biased at V BL     —     READ , and other signals remain the same as the pre-charge operation. According to these operations, when the selected memory cell is programmed V BL     —     READ  drops below one volt and V OUT  follows V BL     —     READ . Consequently, S OUT     —     B  rises to V dd . When the selected memory cell is erased, V BL     —     READ  remains approximately at one volt, V OUT  rises toward V dd , and S OUT     —     B  falls to approximately ground. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a diagram of an example memory architecture  800  according to one or more additional aspects of the subject disclosure. Memory architecture  800  comprises multiple blocks of RRAM memory cells, including block 1    802 , block 2    804 , . . . , block Y    806 , wherein Y is a suitable positive integer greater than 1 (referred to collectively as memory blocks  802 - 806 ). Each memory block  802 - 806  comprises a respective set of bitlines, including BL 1 &lt;0:N&gt;  808  of block 1    802 , BL 2 &lt;0:N&gt;  812  of block 2    804  through BL Y &lt;0:N&gt;  814  of block Y    806  (referred to collectively as sets of bitlines  808 ,  812 ,  814 ). Furthermore, memory architecture  800  can be configured as an I/O based architecture (as opposed, e.g., to a word based architecture). In the I/O based architecture depicted by  FIG. 8 , each bitline of the respective sets of bitlines  808 ,  812 ,  814  can be connected to a respective I/O contact (e.g., through a YMUX) of a set of I/O contacts. For instance, bitlines of set of bitlines BL 1 &lt;0:N&gt;  808  can be connected to a first I/O contact  816 A. Bitlines of set of bitlines BL 2 &lt;0:N&gt;  812  can be connected to a second I/O contact  816 B, and bitlines of set of bitlines BL Y &lt;0:N&gt;  814  can be connected to Y th  I/O contact  816 C. According to this arrangement, first bitline BL1 &lt;0&gt;   810 A can be activated or selected while other bitlines of block 1    802  are non-selected or inhibited, to mitigate effects of voltage differences among the bitlines of block 1    802  as measured at first I/O contact  816 A, and likewise with other selected bitlines  810  of block 2    804  and block Y    806 . As described herein, voltage differences can be further reduced by driving other bitlines of block 1    802  by a bias voltage that tracks a voltage of BL1 &lt;0&gt;   810 A, further reducing voltage differences among the bitlines of block 1    802 . 
     The aforementioned diagrams have been described with respect to interaction between several components, or memory architectures. It should be appreciated that such diagrams can include those components and architectures specified therein, some of the specified components/architectures, and/or additional components/architectures. For example, a memory cell architecture could include a combination of memory architecture  800 , sensing circuit  400  and YMUX  600 . Sub-components could also be implemented as electrically connected to other sub-components rather than included within a parent architecture. Additionally, it should be noted that one or more disclosed processes could be combined into a single process providing aggregate functionality. For instance, a program process can comprise an erase process, or vice versa, to facilitate programming and erasing a semiconductor cell by way of a single process. In addition, it should be appreciated that respective rows of disclosed memory architectures can be erased in groups (e.g., multiple rows erased concurrently) or individually. Moreover, it should be appreciated that multiple RRAM cells on a particular row can be programmed in groups (e.g., multiple RRAM cells programmed concurrently) or individually. Components of the disclosed architectures can also interact with one or more other components not specifically described herein but known by those of skill in the art. 
     In view of the exemplary diagrams described supra, process methods that can be implemented in accordance with the disclosed subject matter will be better appreciated with reference to the flow charts of  FIGS. 9 and 10 . While for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the methods  900 ,  1000  are shown and described as a series of blocks, it is to be understood and appreciated that the claimed subject matter is not limited by the order of the blocks, as some blocks may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other blocks from what is depicted and described herein. Moreover, not all illustrated blocks may be required to implement the methods  900 ,  1000  described hereinafter. Additionally, it should be further appreciated that the methods  900 ,  1000  disclosed hereinafter and throughout this specification are capable of being stored on an article of manufacture to facilitate transporting and transferring such methodologies to an electronic device. The term article of manufacture, as used, is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, device in conjunction with a carrier, or storage medium. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates a flowchart of an example method  900  for fabricating an RRAM memory device according to one or more additional aspects of the subject disclosure. At  902 , method  900  can comprise forming a plurality of bitlines and a plurality of wordlines onto a semiconductor memory device. At  904 , method  900  can comprise forming an array of RRAM having columns aligned along respective ones of the plurality of bitlines and rows aligned along respective ones of the plurality of wordlines. Additionally, at  906 , method  900  can comprise connecting respective first contacts of respective ones of the array of RRAM to one of the plurality of bitlines and respective second contacts of the respective ones of the array of RRAM to one of the plurality of wordlines. At  908 , method  900  can comprise forming a multiplexer circuit in the semiconductor memory configured for selectively applying an operation signal at least to a subset of the plurality of bitlines. At  910 , method  900  can comprise forming an equalization circuit for driving a second subset of the plurality of bitlines with an operation voltage observed at the subset of the plurality of bitlines in response to the operation signal. 
     In one or more other aspects, method  900  can additionally comprise forming a set of input/output contacts in the semiconductor memory that are electrically connected to respective ones of the plurality of bitlines or respective ones of the plurality of wordlines. In another aspect, method  900  can comprise forming a sensing circuit in the semiconductor memory and connecting the sensing circuit to the set of input/output contacts for measuring a state of selected RRAM of the array of RRAM. In still other aspects, forming the equalization circuit can further comprise forming an operational amplifier wherein forming the multiplexer comprises forming a bitline output lead that conveys the operation voltage as an input to the operational amplifier. In alternative, or additional aspects of the subject disclosure, method  900  can comprise forming a feedback loop that provides an output of the operational amplifier as a second input to the operational amplifier. In at least one aspect, method  900  can comprise forming respective sets of switches for respective ones of the set of bitlines for selectively applying the operation signal or the operation voltage to one or more of the set of bitlines. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 10 , there is depicted a flowchart of an example method  1000  for operating an RRAM array according to alternative or additional aspects of the subject disclosure. At  1002 , method  1000  can comprise selecting a wordline of the electronic memory. At  1004 , method  1000  can comprise applying a read voltage to a bitline of the electronic memory that is connected to a RRAM element selected for reading. At  1006 , method  1000  can comprise connecting the bitline to a circuit that dynamically mimics an actual voltage at the bitline of the electronic memory. Moreover, method  1000  can comprise, at  1008 , driving at least one additional bitline adjacent to the bitline with the actual voltage in conjunction with reading a state of the RRAM element. According to one or more particular aspects, method  1000 , at  1010 , can further comprise activating an input/output contact that is connected to a set of bitlines of the electronic memory, where the set of bitlines comprises at least the bitline and the one additional bitline. In further aspects, method  1000  can comprise connecting a sensing amplifier to an output of the bitline, and activating a reference signal and comparing a response of the RRAM element to the reference signal, and determining whether the response is greater than or less than the reference signal. 
     In order to provide a context for the various aspects of the disclosed subject matter,  FIG. 11 , as well as the following discussion, is intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable environment in which various aspects of the disclosed subject matter can be implemented or processed. While the subject matter has been described above in the general context of semiconductor architectures and process methodologies for fabricating and operating such architectures, those skilled in the art will recognize that the subject disclosure also can be implemented in combination with other architectures or process methodologies. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the disclosed processes can be practiced with a processing system or a computer processor, either alone or in conjunction with a host computer, which can include single-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, mini-computing devices, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices (e.g., PDA, phone, watch), microprocessor-based or programmable consumer or industrial electronics, and the like. The illustrated aspects may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. However, some, if not all aspects of the claimed innovation can be practiced on stand-alone electronic devices, such as a memory card, Flash memory module, removable memory, or the like. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located in both local and remote memory storage modules or devices. 
       FIG. 11  illustrates a block diagram of an example operating and control environment  1100  for a RRAM array  1102  according to aspects of the subject disclosure. In at least one aspect of the subject disclosure, RRAM array  1102  can comprise a variety of RRAM memory cell technology. Particularly, RRAM array can be configured or operated to mitigate or avoid sneak path currents of the RRAM array, as described herein. 
     A column controller  1106  can be formed adjacent to RRAM array  1102 . Moreover, column controller  1106  can be electrically coupled with bit lines of RRAM array  1102 . Column controller  1106  can control respective bitlines, applying suitable program, erase or read voltages to selected bitlines. 
     In addition, operating and control environment  1100  can comprise a row controller  1104 . Row controller  1104  can be formed adjacent to column controller  1106 , and electrically connected with word lines of RRAM array  1102 . Row controller  1104  can select particular rows of memory cells with a suitable selection voltage. Moreover, row controller  1104  can facilitate program, erase or read operations by applying suitable voltages at selected word lines. 
     A clock source(s)  1108  can provide respective clock pulses to facilitate timing for read, write, and program operations of row control  1104  and column control  1106 . Clock source(s)  1108  can further facilitate selection of word lines or bit lines in response to external or internal commands received by operating and control environment  1100 . An input/output buffer  1112  can be connected to an external host apparatus, such as a computer or other processing device (not depicted) by way of an I/O buffer or other I/O communication interface. Input/output buffer  1112  can be configured to receive write data, receive an erase instruction, output readout data, and receive address data and command data, as well as address data for respective instructions. Address data can be transferred to row controller  1104  and column controller  1106  by an address register  1110 . In addition, input data is transmitted to RRAM array  1102  via signal input lines, and output data is received from RRAM array  1102  via signal output lines. Input data can be received from the host apparatus, and output data can be delivered to the host apparatus via the I/O buffer. 
     Commands received from the host apparatus can be provided to a command interface  1114 . Command interface  1114  can be configured to receive external control signals from the host apparatus, and determine whether data input to the input/output buffer  1112  is write data, a command, or an address. Input commands can be transferred to a state machine  1116 . 
     State machine  1116  can be configured to manage programming and reprogramming of RRAM array  1102 . State machine  1116  receives commands from the host apparatus via input/output interface  1112  and command interface  1114 , and manages read, write, erase, data input, data output, and like functionality associated with RRAM array  1102 . In some aspects, state machine  1116  can send and receive acknowledgments and negative acknowledgments regarding successful receipt or execution of various commands. 
     To implement read, write, erase, input, output, etc., functionality, state machine  1116  can control clock source(s)  1108 . Control of clock source(s)  1108  can cause output pulses configured to facilitate row controller  1104  and column controller  1106  implementing the particular functionality. Output pulses can be transferred to selected bit lines by column controller  1106 , for instance, or word lines by row controller  1104 , for instance. 
     As utilized herein, terms “component,” “system,” “architecture” and the like are intended to refer to a computer or electronic-related entity, either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software (e.g., in execution), or firmware. For example, a component can be one or more transistors, a memory cell, an arrangement of transistors or memory cells, a gate array, a programmable gate array, an application specific integrated circuit, a controller, a processor, a process running on the processor, an object, executable, program or application accessing or interfacing with semiconductor memory, a computer, or the like, or a suitable combination thereof. The component can include erasable programming (e.g., process instructions at least in part stored in erasable memory) or hard programming (e.g., process instructions burned into non-erasable memory at manufacture). 
     By way of illustration, both a process executed from memory and the processor can be a component. As another example, an architecture can include an arrangement of electronic hardware (e.g., parallel or serial transistors), processing instructions and a processor, which implement the processing instructions in a manner suitable to the arrangement of electronic hardware. In addition, an architecture can include a single component (e.g., a transistor, a gate array, . . . ) or an arrangement of components (e.g., a series or parallel arrangement of transistors, a gate array connected with program circuitry, power leads, electrical ground, input signal lines and output signal lines, and so on). A system can include one or more components as well as one or more architectures. One example system can include a switching block architecture comprising crossed input/output lines and pass gate transistors, as well as power source(s), signal generator(s), communication bus(ses), controllers, I/O interface, address registers, and so on. It is to be appreciated that some overlap in definitions is anticipated, and an architecture or a system can be a stand-alone component, or a component of another architecture, system, etc. 
     In addition to the foregoing, the disclosed subject matter can be implemented as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using typical manufacturing, programming or engineering techniques to produce hardware, firmware, software, or any suitable combination thereof to control an electronic device to implement the disclosed subject matter. The terms “apparatus” and “article of manufacture” where used herein are intended to encompass an electronic device, a semiconductor device, a computer, or a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or media. Computer-readable media can include hardware media, or software media. In addition, the media can include non-transitory media, or transport media. In one example, non-transitory media can include computer readable hardware media. Specific examples of computer readable hardware media can include but are not limited to magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips . . . ), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD) . . . ), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., card, stick, key drive . . . ). Computer-readable transport media can include carrier waves, or the like. Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize many modifications can be made to this configuration without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosed subject matter. 
     What has been described above includes examples of the subject innovation. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the subject innovation, but one of ordinary skill in the art can recognize that many further combinations and permutations of the subject innovation are possible. Accordingly, the disclosed subject matter is intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Furthermore, to the extent that a term “includes”, “including”, “has” or “having” and variants thereof is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as “comprising” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim. 
     Moreover, the word “exemplary” is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs. Rather, use of the word exemplary is intended to present concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or”. That is, unless specified otherwise, or clear from context, “X employs A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form. 
     Additionally, some portions of the detailed description have been presented in terms of algorithms or process operations on data bits within electronic memory. These process descriptions or representations are mechanisms employed by those cognizant in the art to effectively convey the substance of their work to others equally skilled. A process is here, generally, conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of acts leading to a desired result. The acts are those requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities. Typically, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical and/or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and/or otherwise manipulated. 
     It has proven convenient, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like. It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise or apparent from the foregoing discussion, it is appreciated that throughout the disclosed subject matter, discussions utilizing terms such as processing, computing, replicating, mimicking, determining, or transmitting, and the like, refer to the action and processes of processing systems, and/or similar consumer or industrial electronic devices or machines, that manipulate or transform data or signals represented as physical (electrical or electronic) quantities within the circuits, registers or memories of the electronic device(s), into other data or signals similarly represented as physical quantities within the machine or computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission and/or display devices. 
     In regard to the various functions performed by the above described components, architectures, circuits, processes and the like, the terms (including a reference to a “means”) used to describe such components are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any component which performs the specified function of the described component (e.g., a functional equivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure, which performs the function in the herein illustrated exemplary aspects of the embodiments. In addition, while a particular feature may have been disclosed with respect to only one of several implementations, such feature may be combined with one or more other features of the other implementations as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application. It will also be recognized that the embodiments include a system as well as a computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for performing the acts and/or events of the various processes.