Patent Publication Number: US-2020297134-A1

Title: System for retaining an image within a frame

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 15/849,418, filed Dec. 20, 2017, which claims priority to U.S. Ser. No. 62/436,958, filed Dec. 20, 2016 and is related to U.S. Ser. No. 62/231,969, filed Jul. 21, 2015, U.S. Ser. No. 62/335,751, filed May 13, 2016 and U.S. Ser. No. 15/265,417, filed Sep. 14, 2016, each of which is incorporated by reference as if expressly set forth in their respective entirety herein. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The idea of entrapping a flat item between two sheets of transparent material is likely nearly as old as the invention of sheet glass. The present invention describes novel structures that allow a printed image, in particular, to be readily located and held between two transparent sheets that are, in turn, held within a frame. 
     In a conventional construction, the pressure between two sheets of glass pinches the image in position, and the paired sheets of glass are then fixed within, for example, a rabbet in the back of a wooden picture frame. The image then appears to float ahead against any ambient background, often with the open glass surrounding area serving cosmetically in place of an opaque picture mat. 
     This configuration produces a pleasing appearance, but poses a number of challenges. First, glass sheet dangerous to handle, and is subject to impact or breakage from impact or from a fall. Second, an image with a transparent surround allows the inside of the frame to be seen, which places constraints on how the frames can be attractively assembled and finished. Third, it is difficult to secure the paired sheets reliably to one another, given seasonal fluctuations in common dimensional materials such as wood moldings. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present invention therefore proposes a number of novelties. The entrapping sheets may electively be composed of molded plastic, and can therefore include functional components. Among these functional components are a recessed tray to locate and retain an image of a specific dimension, an opening through which at least one finger may be inserted to lift the image out of the recessed tray, and an integrated tension system that maintains tension between two transparent sheets so that they cannot separate or loosen. 
     Such functional features as alignment trays or finger holes may be located on one of the sheets, while the other may be a simple flat sheet. The functional components may also electively be divided between the two sheets. Alternatively, as will be shown, some functions may electively be integrated into external fixtures, and the entrapping sheets made of simple cut sheet stock of clear glass or polymer. 
     A sheet carrying functional components may be injection-molded with a clear polymer material, such as acrylic or styrene. Various combinations of materials may be selected for rigidity, durability, clarity, UV-resistance, reflectivity, texture, birefringence, manufacturability, scratch resistance, or other quality may be elected according to knowledge available to those practiced in the art. 
     Alternately, the exposed surface may, for example, be made of glass, and the glass pre-attached to the frame, so that the sharp edges of the glass are sheltered by the frame rails. In this embodiment, secondary assembly can be accomplished with minimal risk of injury. Because of the relative rigidity of glass, the transparent backer, amenably made of clear plastic sheet, can be reduced in thickness. 
     The reduced thickness makes the plastic sheet relatively compliant, and it has been found that this modification can be usefully and economically substituted for the molded component carrying the recessed tray, as describe above. Provisions disclosed in this specification enable the precise alignment of a printed image with the frame. 
     External Alignment Fixture 
     In this modification, an external alignment fixture can be used that has the same ability to place the image at a predetermined location relative to the frame as the recessed tray previously described. 
     When a molded external alignment fixture is used, the cost of the molded alignment component can be distributed over a large number of frames. The external fixture typically has some features that the recessed, transparent display panel would have, but can have additional functional features as well. 
     For example, in common with the variation in which the alignment feature is integrated into the final frame assembly, the external alignment fixture can usefully include a recessed tray having the dimensions of an anticipated printed item, and can have finger holes open through the fixture so that the printed item can be readily lifted from the recess. 
     The alignment fixture can include a second larger tray whose perimeter is sized to contain the transparent backer sheet. Also, the external alignment fixture need not be made of transparent material, and can carry instructions, marks, and other indicia intended to facilitate assembly and minimize error. The assembler need not be concerned, in this case, with leaving fingerprints on a clear sheet during the final assembly of the frame. 
     Snap Fittings 
     The frame subassembly within the invention also includes novel features. Namely, the frame subassembly essentially includes two frame structures, the first of which is preassembled. The preassembled frame is provided with a relief profile such that an intermediate snap fitting array can be affixed to it. This snap fitting array may amenably be injection molded. The snap fitting can be linear, or can be integrated into functional molded corner inserts. 
     Hidden Fasteners 
     The frame described within the invention has the advantage that it may be assembled using fasteners that are hidden once the frame system is fully assembled, so that there are no visible nails, brads, or other fasteners. V-nails, staples, corrugated fasteners, or plastic “bow-ties” may be usefully employed for such purposes within the invention. 
     A novel and advantageous property of the invention is that the staples, fasteners, or V-nails can be located on a land devised between the back plane and the front plane of the frame, and hidden after final assembly. Furthermore, this location has been found to be the optimal position for keeping a miter closed, as fastening from the front is unattractive, while fastening from the back permits the most visible face of the miter to open and leave a perceptible gap. 
     The snap fitting array includes attachment features that engage both with the preassembled frame and the secondary frame elements. In an exemplary embodiment, the snap fittings are devised to engage with each rail of the preassembled frame such that the insertion is primary and relatively resistant to withdrawal. 
     The snap pins or caps associated with the secondary frame provide secure and unambiguous positioning and assembly, but are intentionally more reversible. In this way, the secondary frame elements can be inserted and removed at will, while the plastic snap fitting arrays tend to remain in place upon the preassembled frame. 
     The snap fitting arrays may be designed as a modular component, so that a number of the components may be aligned within a single length of rail or molding. In this way, larger dimensions of frame may be accommodated without the cost of fabricating a large mold for each situation. 
     Layered Mounting System 
     The secondary frame includes a number of discrete components. In a rectangular application of the invention, four linear splines are dimensionally matched to four plastic corner parts. The components are devised so that the corner parts and the splines all snap into place, and meet in a reliable, continuous, and visually pleasing way. 
     These components also include a setback or rabbet so that a planar backer board may held at a remove to create a shadowbox effect. The backer board need not be opaque, but may be opaque, transparent, translucent, a combination thereof, or patterned in any imaginable way. 
     The assembly process may be summarized as follows. Four pieces of molding having engageable surface features, typically grooves, are mitered and fastened into a rectangle. The frame is provided as a kit including the remaining components to a second assembly location. A sheet of transparent material may electively be preinstalled in the frame at this stage. 
     Optionally and conveniently, the frame may be provided as a kit including the remaining components to a second assembly location. In the invention, the secondary assembly typically needs no mechanical joinery aside from that intrinsic to the design of the wood moldings and snap fittings. No adhesive is required, except when tape is used to fix the photo to the transparent backing sheet. The frame is completed through a series of simple operations. 
     Print Alignment, 1 st  Embodiment 
     In a first embodiment, the preassembled frame is laid upon a flat surface. A printed image of predetermined sized is placed with the shallow recessed tray in the injection-molded sheet. The second sheet is placed on top of the sheet carrying the printed image making an aligned paring of the two sheets. The sheets are flipped and placed in the frame. 
     Print Alignment, 2nd Embodiment 
     In a second embodiment, the preassembled frame is again laid upon a flat surface, but in this embodiment one transparent sheet is preinstalled in the frame. A printed image of predetermined sized is placed with the shallow recessed tray in the external alignment fixture. Adhesive, typically in the form of one or more strips of two-sided adhesive tape, is applied to the back of the printed image. The clear backing sheet is then placed on top of the printed image and within the second and larger recessed tray. This subassembly is then removed from the fixture and placed in the frame. 
     Assembly Overview 
     As in prior versions of the invention, splines and frames made according the invention may be rapidly and successfully assembled by an inexpert operator through the use of an assembly aide in the form of a fixture having hinged fences. Preferably, the fences are devised with a centerless hinge, so that the center of rotation of the fences does not jam against the edges of the frame as the fences are closed. A detailed embodiment of such a fixture is described later in this specification. 
     Irrespective of the embodiment, four initial snap fitting components are inserted into the frame, and snapped firmly into place. The splines are reversibly snapped or pressed into the frame. 
     Secondary snap components are the installed at the corners to further secure the rails. The splines then bear against the mated clear sheets, entrapping the printed item and pressing the stack of sheet materials against the frame. This procedure provides a safe, clean, and secure process that yields an attractive graphic arts product that can be assembled by an unpracticed assembler in a minimum amount of time. 
     A plain or patterned backer board may be electively attached to the provided recesses, or the image may be left open to its ambient background, such as a wall or other existing partition. The backer board may be devised to be reversible, with differing colors, finishes, patterns, or imagery upon its opposite faces. The backer board may be prepared with texturing or coating, for example, to receive a particular ink or additional lamination. 
     The frame may be stood on its own or upon a stand, or provided with hardware to be placed upon a wall. The frame or rail may be amenably devised with grooves or channels to compatibly attach a hook or hanger. The features of the invention may be variously integrated, and may be implemented through a diversity of processes and materials. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES 
       The present invention may be appreciated by reference to the following descriptions and drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is an exploded view of the major elements of the print frame, 
         FIG. 2  is a sectional view of the frame profile, 
         FIG. 3  is a sectional view of the frame profile with a conformal finish layer over part of its surface, 
         FIG. 4  is a sectional view of the spline profile, 
         FIG. 5  is a sectional view of the spline profile, with a conformal finish layer over part of its surface, 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic sectional view of the spline and rail profile, illustrating their complementary interfitting structures, 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic perspective view of a subassembly comprising a joined, mitered frame with a glass sheet preinstalled, 
         FIG. 8  is an oblique perspective view of the hollow molded corner insert, showing the open end of the insert, showing beveled tabs for snap fitting the insert to the frame, and the corner cap to the insert, 
         FIG. 9  is a bottom view of the corner cap, facing the inside of the “L”, and showing the two rectangular detents that connect with the corresponding tabs on the corner inserts shown in  FIG. 8 , 
         FIG. 10  is a top view of the corner cap, showing the beveled hole for the resilient bumper, 
         FIG. 11  is a plan view of the print alignment fixture, corresponding to the size of the frame and print illustrated in exemplary  FIG. 1 , 
         FIG. 12  is an exploded perspective view of the alignment fixture showing the fixture, the photo, two strips of tape, and a clear backing sheet, located in their relative positions for merging into a subassembly, 
         FIG. 13  is a cutaway perspective view of a corner of the assembled frame, showing the structural features of the corner insert that engage both the frame and the corner cap, 
         FIG. 14  is a cutaway elevation view, showing a corner cap in place, and identifying the internal, concealed location of a V-nail, 
         FIG. 15  is an illustration of a metal hanger used compatibly in conjunction with the invention, 
         FIG. 16  is a rear perspective view of the assembled shadowbox frame, including an opaque backer board, and showing the final position of the elements floating photo frame, 
         FIG. 17  is a sectional view of the aluminum base extrusion used in the illustrated variation of the assembly fixture, 
         FIG. 18  is a sectional view of aluminum fence extrusion used in illustrated variation of the assembly fixture, 
         FIG. 19  is a detailed schematic end view of a locking linkage mechanism, in its lowered position, 
         FIG. 20  is a detailed schematic end view of a locking linkage mechanism, in its raised position, 
         FIG. 21  shows a descriptive perspective view of a molded fixture corner block, showing tool holder a material positioning screw exploded to a location beyond the corner block, 
         FIG. 22  is a detailed perspective view of a spline insertion tool alone, showing the sectional profile of the tool head extrusion, 
         FIG. 23  is a perspective view of the working assembly fixture, fences lowered, 
         FIG. 24  is a perspective view the working assembly fixture, fences raised, and 
         FIG. 25  shows the working assembled fixture, fences up, with the tool in place at a raised angle. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 1  is an exploded view of complete print frame assembly  800 . Print frame assembly  800  is safely and usefully provided with the mitered rails already joined into a frame, and the glass already installed in the assembled frame.  FIG. 1  shows preassembled mitered frame  600 . Preassembled mitered frame  600  is made using four mitered sections of frame stock  100  having the profile illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 3 . The rail sections are represented in the illustrated exemplary rectangular frame by short mitered rails  100 A and long mitered rails  100 B. 
     Mitered corners are joined here using V-nails. V-nails are right-angled connectors typically made of fine-gauge, hardened steel, and are used in the framing trade to securely join frame parts, ideally without splitting the frame stock. 
     However, it may be appreciated that the typical location of a V-nail, upon the flat back face of the frame, is not available in the wood molding design shown. Instead, in the invention, V-nail  2  is installed into expressly and conscientiously devised land  110 , as may be more fully appreciated by reference to  FIG. 14 . 
     Returning to  FIG. 1 , typically glass sheet  10  is adhered to the preassembled frame using beads of adhesive  70 , and this subassembly is provided as a component in a boxed frame assembly kit. When the picture mounting process is completed, as may be appreciated most simply by reference to  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 16 , the box may be reused as a presentation box for the completed, enclosed photo or art display. 
     In the picture mounting process, the mitered frame, with glass preinstalled, is inverted on a flat surface. Using the print alignment fixture depicted in  FIGS. 11 and 12 , exemplary print  20  is then attached to one side of clear plastic support sheet  30 . The stack of planar materials set into the frame. In  FIG. 1 , mat board backer panel  40 , four short splines  200 A, four long splines  200 B, four hollow corner inserts  300 , four corner caps  400 , four bumper pads  50 , and metal hanger  500 , are substantially shown in positions relative to their ultimate order and mode of insertion. 
     Spline installation fixture  2000 , illustrated in  FIGS. 17 through 25  inclusive, may amenably and advantageously be employed with either the print mounting system described in this application, or may equally and interchangeably be used in the fabric mounting system described in pending U.S. application Ser. No. 15/265,417, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     In the present embodiment, corner inserts  300  snap into pre-assembled frame  600 , splines  200  are inserted along the four sides of the frame  600 , between corner inserts  300 , so as to ultimately bear against a stack composed of glass sheet  10 , photograph  20 , and clear plastic support sheet  30 . 
     Mat board backer panel  40  is set into compatible recess in spline stock  200 , and corner caps  400  are snapped into corner inserts  300  to secure and retain the entire set of materials. Four bumper pads  50  are typically composed of resilient material, such as an elastomer. Metal hanger  500 , illustrated in detail in  FIG. 15 , is secured into compatible grooves expressly incorporated in the profile of spline stock  100 . 
     Further features and operations may be appreciated by reference to more detailed features of the invention.  FIGS. 2 through 6  inclusive illustrate operational and cosmetic features of the milled wood components. Frame rail parts  100 A and  100 B are mitered lengths cut from rail stock  100 , as typified by the profile shown in  FIG. 2  and  FIG. 3 . Frame spline parts  200 A and  200 B are mitered lengths cut from rail stock  200 , as typified by the profile shown in  FIG. 4  and  FIG. 5 .  FIG. 6  shows the spline and rail profile mechanically joined, illustrating their complementary, interfitting structures. 
       FIG. 3  is a sectional view of the profile of frame rail stock  100 , with a conformal finish layer  60  over part of its surface, while  FIG. 5  shows a similar surface treatment applied to frame spline stock  200 . This surface treatment may be a wrap or film composed of polymer, foil, paper, composite, or other suitable material. It may be attached to the milled wood core material by heat, adhesive, or both. It may be of any color, pattern, or aspect, and may be variously treated, textured, molded, or embossed to simulate natural materials. 
     It may be appreciated that the selective application of the conformal layer permits a picture frame, assembled from a spline and rail as in  FIG. 6 , to exhibit a consistent finish once the splines and rails are joined, as no unfinished wood surfaces are exposed to the visible interior faces of the frame assembly. 
     Referring now to the relief features of frame rail stock  100 , flat rail stock land is devised to receive one or more V-nails using an automated stapling device. A V-nailer usually holds a frame down against a table and staples the V-nails in place. In the present invention, the anvil of an automated V-nailer can be adjusted so that it is raised above the table to approximately half the height of the wood rail, so that the anvil bears on the land at the time the joint is secured by the V-nails. In this manner, a V-nail joint can be made that is wholly concealed once the frame is assembled. This gives the frame a finished appearance when mounted on a stand, or in any other situation where the back is exposed to view. 
     Relief features of rail stock  100  further include dado  120 , retainer lip  130 , compression ridge  140 , and retaining rabbet  150 . By reference to  FIGS. 4 through 6  inclusive, compatible features may be found on frame spline stock  200 , including spline stop land  210 , spline guide ridge  220 , spline engagement ridge  230 , spline compression face  240 , spline stack retention face  250 , spline backer retention lip  260 , and angled spline lifting face  270 . 
     It may be appreciated by particular reference to  FIG. 6  that the relief features of the lightly engaged parts acts as a guide, so that the application of mechanical force to spline top face  280  of spline stock  200 , when rail stock  100  is securely held and stationary, induces guided mechanical engagement between the compatible features of the rail and the spline. 
       FIG. 7 through 15  inclusive show details of parts and subassemblies that relate to the operation of the system of the invention.  FIG. 7  shows preassembled mitered frame  600 , with glass sheet  10  secured with adhesive, to form frame prefabricated subassembly  700 . 
       FIG. 8  is an oblique perspective view of hollow molded corner insert  300 . L-shaped connection ridge  310 , understood more completely by concurrent reference to  FIGS. 13 and 14 , fits into short sections of the grooves at each interior location where the milled wooden frame parts meet at a miter. When tilted in toward the interior of its associated mitered joint, corner insert  300  snaps into place under a geometrically compatible rim, conscientiously milled into the inside of the wooden frame profile. 
     Corner insert  300  therefore includes two pairs of tapered snap hooks that promote, first, the joining of the corner insert to the frame, and then, second and later in the assembly process, the joining of the corner caps to the corner inserts. The initial insertion end of corner insert  300  includes L-shaped connection ridge  310 , corner insert stop face  320 , and sliding core aperture  330 . Corner insert stop face  320  ensures that the corner cap will be seated at a height flush with the back of the wooden frame, and places partial rim  350  substantially flush with the back of the frame. Sliding core aperture  330  permits the efficient molding of internal snap fitting (locking tabs)  340 , shown in  FIG. 5 . 
       FIG. 8  shows that the open end of corner insert  300  is delimited by partial rim  350 . The rim is said to be partial because the perimeter does not describe a complete square, but is interrupted by a deep notch defined by valley rim  355 . The notch defined by valley rim  355  permits the polymer partition wall to deflect, and allows spring force to hold the corner insert in place at two locations positioned at 90° to one another. This action may be appreciated by reference to the cutaway view shown in  FIG. 13 . 
     The larger external, raised, oppositely-beveled tabs  360  are designed to have the injection mold parting line at their common apices. This arrangement allows the mold halves to be parted, and a dual-ramped snap tab to be formed without undercuts. Two smaller, internal beveled snap tabs  340 , used for fastening the corner cap to the installed corner inserts, are shown formed at the top of sliding core aperture  330 . 
       FIG. 9  illustrates the underside of exemplary corner cap  400 . Hollow rectangular stub  410  is devised to fit into partial rim  350  of corner insert  300 , and carries recessed detents  420  dimensioned to receive internal snap fitting  340  formed on corner insert  300 . L-shaped retention wall  430  is scaled to entrap mat backer board  40  once the kit is fully assembled. Internal cap face  440  overlaps spline stock  200  during the kit&#39;s final assembly. Cap through-hole  450  is shown in  FIG. 9  and  FIG. 10 .  FIG. 10  is a top view of the corner cap, showing cap through-hole  450  devised to receive resilient bumper  50 . The hole is surrounded by hole bevel  460 , and the bevel by external cap face  470 . 
     Both corner inserts  300  and corner caps  400  may be amenably fabricated from injection-molded polymer, including but not limited to high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), nylon, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Polymers may be variously pigmented, modified, or reinforced with additives, as is well understood in the trade. The materials for the corner insert and the corner cap may be the same, similar, or different. 
       FIG. 11  is a plan view of print alignment fixture  1000 , substantially corresponding to the size of the frame and print illustrated in exemplary  FIG. 1 . An alignment fixture such as the exemplary design shown in  FIG. 11  may be implemented in various embodiments and with diverse modifications, so that a range of sizes and layouts can be provided by a user or vendor. 
     Specific features of print alignment fixture  1000  include outer tray  1010 , inner tray  1020 , tape locators  1030 , finger indents  1040 , finger holes  1050 , raised release ribs  1060 , and instructional indicia panel  1070 . 
     Instructional indicia panel  1070  can identify requisite the print and frame, and may electively include further guidance on the use and handling of the associated materials. An exemplary use of print alignment fixture  1000  is illustrated in the exploded view shown in  FIG. 12 . Print  20  is locates such that its edges abut the substantially commensurate perimeter of inner tray  1020 . The radiused and set-back corners of the perimeter prevent bending or fraying of the corners of the print. Two-sided tape strips are applied in visual alignment with tape locators  1030 . 
     Outer tray  1010  is devised to be substantially commensurate with clear plastic support sheet  30 . Clear plastic support sheet  30  is placed within the bounds of outer tray  110  and in the desired positional relationship relative to the print. Clear plastic support sheet  30  is then pressed into secure contact with two-sided tape strips  80  such that print  20  and clear plastic support sheet  30  are mutually adhered. 
     Tape may be taken from a spool, but may more conveniently be provided in precut strips, provided with release liner on two sides, and provided with tabs or slits to aid in its application, as is well understood and appreciated in the general practice of tape adhesion. Liquid, gelatin, or semisolid, or aerosol adhesive may be substituted for the tape herein described, without departing from the spirit of the invention. 
     Once the subassembly composed of the printed material, the adhesive, and the clear backer sheet  30  is laminated into a stack, that stack of materials is removed from the alignment fixture. Finger indents  1040 , release holes  1050 , and raised release ribs  1060  provide means to lift the stack of materials with minimal resistance. The holes and ribs allow airflow under the print, subverting vacuum adhesion, while finger indents  1040  allow the laminated stack to be lifted without touching any surface that is visible in the assembled product. It may be appreciated that the inclusion of dust and fingerprints generally requires remediation, which greatly lengthens the requisite assembly cycle. 
     For example, the tray or trays receiving the print or prints may provide margins may that in width or proportion, are skewed relative to the frame, accommodate multiple prints, accommodate prints of differing sizes or orientations, are arranged in a regular or irregular mosaic, or are of freeform or arbitrary shape. In general, the fixture should be understood to retain a print, in any embodiment thereof, in desired position relative to the shape of the associated geometrical frame. 
       FIG. 13  and  FIG. 14  show details that reveal the inner structure of the frame at two stages of the assembly process. In  FIG. 13 , The view is cut away through the middle of a mitered corner of the frame, and through the middle of corner insert  300 . Preassembled frame  600 , joined with glass into frame prefabricated subassembly  700 , had been fitted with corner insert  300  and short rail  200 A. It may be seen that corner insert  300  fits into dado  120  in the frame rail via L-shaped connection ridge  310 . 
     As the corner piece is installed, oppositely-beveled tabs  360  are deflected by, and then bypass, retainer lip  130 , effectively in the manner of a snap fitting. Corner insert stop face  320  arrests the insertion at the proper depth. Four corner inserts  300  are thereby secured in each of the four corners of the exemplary frame. 
       FIG. 14 . Shows a partial cutaway of the assembled frame. The view is cut away at the limit of the corner insert, and therefore includes a complete elevation view of the corner insert shown in  FIG. 8 . The sequence of assembly may be appreciated by concurrent reference to the exploded perspective views of  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 12 . 
     The preassembled frame  600  has been provided within frame prefabricated subassembly  700 , in which the glass and frame have been preadhered using adhesive  70 . The stack of laminated sheet materials comprising print  30 , two-sided tape strips  80 , and clear plastic support sheet  30  is set into the frame such that the stack rests upon the glass surface. The print and the tape strips are outside of this cutaway view, and their relative positions may be appreciated by particular reference to  FIG. 12 . 
     The four splines are loosely set into the rails. Mat board backer panel  40  is received by spline backer retention lips  260  Four splines, including two short splines  200 A and two long splines  200 B, are then pressed into place through the combined use of spline installation fixture  2000  and spline installation tool  3000 , as described in subsequent  FIGS. 17 through 25  inclusive. This process entraps both the laminated stack of display materials, and mat board backer panel  40 . 
     Each hollow rectangular stub  410 , formed integrally to each corner cap  400 , fits into its respective corner insert  300  and attaches via the commensurate scale and positioning of internal snap fitting  340  and recessed detents  420 . L-shaped retention wall  430  bears against mat board backer panel  40 , and inhibits unwanted deflection of the fibrous panel. Internal cap face  440  bears against the splines and secures them against unintended withdrawal. 
       FIG. 15  is an illustration of metal hanger  500  having sawtooth plate  510 . The structural features and the installation of the hanger may be more fully apprehended by reference to  FIG. 1 , to  FIGS. 2 through 6  inclusive, and to  FIG. 16 . Metal hanger  500  is devised to clip onto any length of spline stock  200  by bridging spline backer retention lip  260  and angled spline lifting face  270 . Channel  520  fits under spline backer retention lip  260 . As the hanger is pressed into place, upper channel bead  530  rides over the rounded segment of spline lifting face  270 , and snaps into a secure relationship with the installed spline. The tension securely retains the hanger in its lateral position. Sawtooth plate  510  provides plural positions for mounting upon a screw, nail, or hanger, so that any imbalance in the center of gravity of the frame may be practically addressed whenever the frame is mounted on the wall. The use of the hanger is elective, as the frame can stand alone, or electively be mounted on an easel, stand, or other supplementary display. 
       FIG. 16  shows the appearance of the back of print frame assembly  800  once its set of components is installed. Resilient bumpers  50  are introduced by hole bevel  460  into through-hole  450 , so that the heads of the bumpers bear upon the external cap face  470 . External cap face  470  covers any raw wood surfaces and any rough ends of the butted splines, and thereby imparts a neat, formal, and finished look to the back of the completed frame. 
     The frame assembly herein described may be appreciated as component in a comprehensive and versatile print display assembly system using common mechanisms to increase the speed and quality of the assembled kits. The broader invention may be apprehended to include compatible holding and insertion devices that can accommodate a modular range of kitted display materials. 
     Spline installation fixture  2000 , illustrated in  FIGS. 17 through 25  inclusive, may amenably and advantageously be employed with the print mounting system described in this application, while remaining compatible with previously disclosed embodiments of the comprehensive system of the invention. 
     Spline installation fixture  2000  is a tabletop assembly aid that includes four fences, each of which can be separately raised into a vertical position. The fixture is used to hold and secure a preassembled frame as splines are inserted into the frame. As this wedging action often requires considerable mechanical force to ensure secure assembly, the fixture also includes engagement features for a tool that imparts substantial force, without the noise, damage, or danger implicit in any impact tool. 
     Platen  2900  provides a flat base onto which a preassembled frame may be located for assembly in accordance with the invention. It may be made of metal, acrylic, styrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), phenolic, or other polymer or resin. 
     A tight fit with a full range of frame designs requires that the perimeter of the platen not be occupied by any hinge pin, pintle, or axle at the center of rotation of the displaceable fence. Accordingly, fixtures most suitable for use within the invention employ centerless hinges. The structure of a fence system combining a centerless hinge with a locking linkage is shown in the sectional views illustrated in  FIGS. 17 through 20  inclusive. 
       FIG. 17  shows base extrusion  2100 .  FIG. 18  shows fence extrusion  2200 . 
       FIG. 19  and  FIG. 20  depict those two component, as well as two additional lengths of aluminum extrusion and two injection-molded polymer components, showing the set of parts assembled into a displaceable fence subassembly.  FIG. 19  shows that raising the handle of linkage extrusion  2300  lowers the fence, while lowering the linkage extrusion raises the fence. Compatible imagery is shown in illustrations of the complete fixture shown in  FIGS. 23, 24, and 25 . 
     Returning now to  FIG. 17 , base extrusion  2100  includes base T-slot  2110 , platen ledge  2120 , centerless hinge hook  2130 , and screw channels  2140 . In  FIG. 18 , showing fence extrusion  2200 , features of the extrusion include fence T-slot  2210 , semicircular socket  2220 , centerless hinge half-ring  2230 , tool hook  2240 , and fence bearing face  2250 . Fence perpendicular extension  2260  geometrically connects tool hook  2240  and fence bearing face  2250   
     When base extrusion  2100  and fence extrusion  2200  are interlinked, as shown in  FIG. 19  and  FIG. 20 , a centerless hinge is formed, and the parts allowed to be displaced into a perpendicular relationship without obstruction of the inner volume.  FIG. 19  and  FIG. 20  include further components which limit and activate the displaceable fence components. 
     Linkage extrusion  2300  includes linkage fence socket  2310 , linkage beam  2320 , linkage tie-bar socket  2330 , and linkage handle  2340 . Mounting extrusion  2400  includes C-shaped channel  2410  and mounting tie-bar socket  2120 . Molded fence coupling  2500  includes fence-coupling T-fitting  2510  and coupling linkage axle  2520 . Molded tie-bar  2600  includes tie-bar axles  2610  and  2620 . Base extrusion  2100  and fence extrusion  2200  are moveably interlinked. Molded fence coupling  2500  links fence extrusion moveably to linkage extrusion  2200 . Linkage extrusion  2300  is connected to mounting extrusion via molded tie-bar  2600 . 
     As may be appreciated by the drawings, each of the four rotational features in the linkage can move freely, but only over designated angular range. The illustrated configuration provides bi-stable operation, namely, the fence naturally locks in a secure position at each extent of the allowed angular range. This property allows hands-free operation, and prohibits premature displacement of the fences as force is applied to install the splines into the frame. 
     The linear aluminum extrusions are laid upon molded positioning ledge  2710  of quarter-round base component  2700  and joined to the molded base part using screw channels  2140 . Screws are fitted through pilot holes  2720  and tapped into screw channels  2140  formed integrally with base extrusion  2100 . Screw retention fins  2730  deter screws from lifting from their designated slots. 
     Clip depression  2740  is dimensioned to receive tool holder  2810 . Tool holder  2810  is amenably made of plated spring steel, and is fixed in place by the collaborative action of tool holder screw  2820  and the conformal contours of clip depression  2740 . Base concavity allows room for the knob on spline insertion tool  3000 , shown in detail in  FIG. 22 . Angled pin mounting  2760  is formed in the base such that, at each corner, threaded pin  2830  may be located in its associated mounting, and its extension from the mounting feature independently adjusted. 
     The mounting pin may be used to position a protective fabric liner within the fixture. As noted previously, spline installation fixture  2000  is devised to be useful in aspects of the larger invention, including the general tensioning of splines. The operation of prior embodiments of the invention, while analogous to those in the print-mounting system herein detailed, include variations of the invention in which splines entrap and tension printed fabric. The inclusion of these alignment and mounting pins allows the implementation and distribution of a universal fixture that can be used compatibly with a wide range of frames within the larger graphic arts system. 
     Briefly, in the fabric-tensioning application, a piece of fabric is trimmed to an irregular octagon, punched in four locations along the four short sides of the octagon, and mounted via the four holes onto the angled pins. The holes may be precisely and repeatably located through the use of a punch having a tray attached to the platen side of the punch. The tray has a raised, integrally molded fence including one sides conformal to full length of the short side, and two angled stops conformal to abbreviated sections of the long sides, such that the fabric may be laid at a consistent location in the tray, and the fabric pierced by the punch at a predetermined location. In accordance with prior application of the invention, these four holes may be placed over threaded pins  2830 . 
     With these diverse applications of the invention in mind, the operation of spline installation fixture  2000  may be more thoroughly understood by reference to the design of the tool shown in  FIG. 22 , and sequence of actions illustrated in  FIGS. 23 through 25 , inclusive. 
     Spline installation tool  3000  includes toolhead  3100 . The toolhead may be made out of cast, machined, or extruded aluminum, but may also be made of other metals, or any suitably hard plastic. Tool shaft  3010  may be machined from bar stock, and is threaded at each end. Spherical tool knob  3020  prevents slippage as manual force is applied to the tool. 
     The toolhead has two critical faces that transmit manual force imparted by the operator via the tool handle. Toolhead linear pivot  3110  allows the tool to freely and slideably engaged with tool hook  2240 . Rotation of the toolhead within the constraint of tool hook  2240  imparts a progressive application of force upon a compatibly-dimensioned frame-and-spline system, such as the ones described in this and previously referenced applications. 
     Toolhead bearing face  3120  is devised to anticipate the progressive insertion of the spline into the rail. Accordingly, the requisite force and the location, in three dimensions, of the line of contact, may vary over the stroke of the tool. The profile of the bearing face will typically depart from a simple radius, and more commonly may be devised to have an elliptical, parabolic, hyperbolic, involute, or cycloidal profile. 
     Spline installation fixture  2000  is shown assembled with the fences in their lowered position in  FIG. 23 . While the four molded quarter-round base components  2700  are identical, only one is provided with tool holder  2810 . The tool holder is used to prevent misplacement of spline installation tool  3000  when the fixture is not in use. In this figure, all four linkage extrusions  2300  are in their raised position, placing the fences in their lowered position, and yielding a hopper-like shape. In this position, the fixture can receive and position a preassembled frame. 
     Pressing down on the elevated linkage extrusions induces the fences to obtain their raised position. Fence perpendicular extensions  2260  entrap the preassembled frame (for clarity of detail, not shown in  FIGS. 23 through 25 ). At this point, the splines are loosely inserted into the rails, toolhead linear pivot  3110  slidably engaged with tool hook  2240 , and the tool handle rotated down ward so that toolhead bearing face  3120  presses upon the splines until the relative position of the splines and rails approximates that shown in  FIG. 6 . As may be appreciated by reference to spline installation tool  3000  can be repositioned along each fence and pressure applied to the splines until they are substantially flush with the back of the rails. 
     This fixture may be used compatibly with the shadowbox-mounted print frame design described in this specification. It is also compatible with frames in which fabric is tensioned over the rails of the preassembled frame by the action of the splines. In this case, a perforation in a fold of fabric is located over the four angled, adjustable pins, and fence perpendicular extensions  2260  assist in the folding of the fabric. The splines are then inserted using the fixture and the compatibly designed tool, the frame removed, and the corner pleats turned into the mitered corners using any thin device such as a card or blade, as described in prior embodiments. 
     Synthetic, polymer, composite, or metal materials may be substituted for the milled wood stock illustrated in the figures, without departing from the invention. Treatments such as aerosols, surface texturing, spacers, deglossers, powders, such as talc or cornstarch, static removers or promoters, are all envisioned within the invention, and various implementations, modifications, and refinements of the invention are envisioned. 
     In the version of the invention illustrated in  FIG. 1 , and subsequent depictions of the invention within this specification, it may be appreciated that the completed frame provides a neat and consistent finish, whether viewed from the front or back, that the rails and splines can be made to match perfectly through the application of a conformal covering, that the assembly can be quickly and reliably achieved through the use of compatible alignment and assembly fixtures, that the assembly system is fully reversible, and thereby reduces both material waste and labor, that two differing colors or patterns can be included on the mat board backer, that a print, or a set of prints, can be mounted, in diverse and pleasing ways, using one integrated system, and that the final product can be provided to the end-user in a dependable and attractive package. 
     It is to be understood that like numerals in the drawings represent like elements through the several figures, and that not all components and/or steps described and illustrated with reference to the figures are required for all embodiments or arrangements. 
     Thus, illustrative embodiments and arrangements of the present devices and methods provide a method for applying a hair fastener. The flowchart in the figures illustrates the operation of possible implementations of methods according to various embodiments and arrangements. It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. 
     The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising”, when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     Also, the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,” “comprising,” or “having,” “containing,” “involving,” and variations thereof herein, is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. 
     The subject matter described above is provided by way of illustration only and should not be construed as limiting. Various modifications and changes can be made to the subject matter described herein without following the example embodiments and applications illustrated and described, and without departing from the true spirit and scope of the present disclosure, which is set forth in the following claims.