Patent Publication Number: US-7897558-B1

Title: Siloxane solvent compositions

Description:
ORIGIN OF INVENTION 
     The invention described herein was made by employees of the United States Government and may be manufactured and used by or for the Government for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a unique combination of two or more alkylated cyclic siloxanes and glycol ethers as solvents characterized as low-volatile organic or non-volatile organic compositions with flash points above 140° F., and vapor pressures of less than seven millimeters of mercury (7 mm Hg.). 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Solvent cleaners are known for their excellent cleaning ability, quick drying, metal compatibility, and low surface tension to facilitate penetration. Unfortunately, some solvents are known also for the air pollution they cause (as volatile organic compounds or VOC), toxicity, flammability, and incompatibility with plastics. 
     The use of volatile organic compounds (VOC) solvents has been discouraged due to their deleterious effect on the environment. Regulations have been promulgated to accelerate the phase-out of environmentally destructive solvents. 
     The Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) promulgates rules and regulations regarding environmental concerns such as VOCs. EPA has defined VOC&#39;s to include volatile compounds of carbon which promote atmospheric photochemical reactivity. Thus, there is a need to reduce the use of conventional VOC solvents and it is apparent that there is a need for solvents which have little or no VOC content. 
     The old specification P-D-680 solvent, commonly called Stoddard solvent or mineral spirits, contains petroleum fractions that are complex mixtures of aliphatic hydrocarbons, but may contain some aromatics and olefinics. P-D-680 contains hazardous air pollutants (HAP&#39;s) and VOC&#39;s, and causes health and environmental concerns. The revision to MIL-PRF-680 eliminated the HAP&#39;s, but MIL-PRF-680 still covers a petroleum-based solvent containing the same amount of VOC&#39;s as P-D-680. Since P-D-680 was first written, these solvents have been specified for general cleaning to remove oil and grease from aircraft and engine components and from ground support equipment. 
     There are several alternatives to the P-D-680/MIL-PRF-680 solvents: water-based, semi-aqueous, and solvent-based cleaners. Water-based cleaners contain detergents to remove grease and oil and may be used hot and/or with various forms of agitation (spray or ultrasonic). Disadvantages include flash rusting, embrittlement of high strength steel and poor cleaning efficiency. Semi-aqueous cleaning processes incorporate not only detergents, but also solvents to improve effectiveness. Some products contain solvents emulsified in water while others contain water-rinsable solvents. A significant disadvantage to semi-aqueous cleaners is their susceptibility to separation. Solvent-based cleaners, however, continue to be used in effective, low cost cleaning processes. In order to retain the capability of solvent cleaning, a new type of solvent is needed to meet the HAP and VOC requirements. 
     Under Title III of the 1990 Clean Air Act (CAA) amendments, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established emissions standards for categories and sub-categories of sources that emit or have the potential to emit listed HAPs. In addition, under the proposed rule, MIL-PRF-680 will no longer be allowed in solvent degreasing operations in the SCAQMD. If a substitute material or process is not authorized, the Aircraft Intermediate Maintenance Detachment (AIMD) at Lemoore and other maintenance facilities will not be able to perform specific maintenance requirements in accordance with NAVAIR technical manuals. Since MIL-PRF-680 is the only material authorized by the applicable maintenance manuals to clean flight critical parts, an approved alternative for MIL-PRF-680 is necessary to meet the new environmental regulations. 
     To meet the new regulations, NAVAIR&#39;s Aircraft Materials Laboratory at Patuxent River, Md., recently tested several commercial products. As a result, a new specification MIL-PRF-32295 entitled “Cleaner, Non-Aqueous, Low-VOC, HAP-Free solvents,” was developed to provide environmentally friendly cleaners to the Department of Defense (DoD) services. The new specification requires that a solvent must be free of HAPs, must contain no more than 25 grams per liter of VOC&#39;s, must be effective on grease and oil, must not contain ozone-depleting substances (non-ODS), must be non-toxic, must be compatible with metals and non-metals, and must be safe to use. In addition, the Aerospace National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) states that immersion-cleaning solvents must have vapor pressures less than seven millimeters of mercury (7 mm Hg.), and wipe cleaning solvents must have vapor pressures less than 45 mm Hg. MIL-PRF-32295 classifies low vapor pressure solvents (less than 7 mm Hg) as Type I and moderate vapor pressure solvents (less than 45 mm Hg) as Type II. This invention will meet the requirements of MIL-PRF-32295 Type II specification. Products of this invention qualify to be used to clean weapon systems across DoD maintenance facilities as an alternative to MIL-PRF-680. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to solvent compositions characterized as low-volatile organic or non-volatile organic solvents. The non-volatile (non-VOC) organic solvents consist essentially of a unique combination of at least one or more alkylated cyclicsiloxanes having from 5 to 8 repeating siloxane units wherein said alkyl or alkylated substituents have from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and at least one alkylated cyclicsiloxane having 3 or 4 repeating siloxane units wherein said alkyl or alkylated substituents have 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and at least one glycol alkyl ether. These non-volatile organic cyclicsiloxane solvents are further characterized as having flash points above 140° F. and vapor pressures of less than seven millimeters of mercury (7 mm Hg.). 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to organic compositions consisting essentially of low-volatile (low-VOC) or non-volatile (non-VOC) compounds. These organic compositions are further characterized as having flash points above 140° F., and have vapor pressures of less than seven millimeters of mercury (7 mm Hg.). 
     The organic compositions are particularly useful as non-volatile (non-VOC) solvents and consist essentially of about 50 to 70 and more particularly 55 to 65 parts by weight of at least one alkylated cyclicsiloxane having from 5 to 8 repeating siloxane units wherein said alkylation or alkyl substituents have from 1 to 6 linear or branched carbon atoms including, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, and from about 20 to 40 and more particularly 25 to 35 parts by weight of at least one alkylated cyclicsiloxane having 3 or 4 repeating siloxane units wherein said alkylation or alkyl substituents have from 1 to 4 linear or branched carbon atoms including, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, and isobutyl, and from about 5 to 15 and more particularly 8 to 12 parts by weight of at least one glycol alkyl ether wherein said alkyl substituent has 4 to 8 branched or linear carbon atoms. The alkylation of the cyclicsiloxanes can be derived from alkyl compounds that are branched or linear and are either all the same or different alkyl compounds. It is important that the alkyl groups of the glycol alkyl ethers have at least four carbon atoms derived from the same or different alkyl compounds. 
     Typical examples of the cyclicsiloxanes having 5 to 8 repeating siloxane units, and the cyclicsiloxanes having 3 or 4 siloxane units include, for example, tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, 1,3,5,7-tetraethylcyclotetrasiloxane, 1,3,5,7,9-pentamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 1,3,5,7,9-pentaethylcyclopentasiloxane octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane, decamethyl pentacyclosiloxane. Particularly suitable is a mixture or blend of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane and a diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether. The glycol alkyl ethers particularly include the monoalkyl ethers of diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, and the lower molecular weight polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers wherein the alkyl group must have at least four (4) branched or linear carbon atoms. 
     The following are specific examples illustrating the cyclicsiloxane glycol ether compositions of this invention. 
     Example I 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Parts by Weight 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane 
                 57-62 
               
               
                   
                 Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane 
                 28-32 
               
               
                   
                 Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether 
                  8-12 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example II 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Parts by Weight 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Decaalkylcyclopentasiloxane 
                 55-65 
               
               
                   
                 Octaethylcyclotetrasiloxane 
                 25-35 
               
               
                   
                 Trithylene glycol alkyl ether 
                  8-12 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example III 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Parts by Weight 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Decaethylcyclopentasiloxane 
                 50-70 
               
               
                   
                 Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane 
                 20-40 
               
               
                   
                 Diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether 
                  5-15 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Properties of the Cyclicsiloxane Compositions of the Invention 
     I. Cleaning Efficiency 
     The cleaning efficiency test for the cyclosiloxane solvents (Navsolve cleaner) of this invention was conducted in accordance with MIL-PRF-32295 specification (test Method 4.5.9) as described below. 
     Preparation of test specimens. Stainless steel coupons 1 by 2 by 0.05 inches (25 by 50 by 1.3 mm) shall be polished with 240 grit aluminum oxide abrasive paper or cloth and solvent wiped with isopropyl alcohol. Coupons shall be weighed (weight=W1), coated on one side with 20-25 mg of soil, then reweighed (weight=W2). Soils to be tested were as follows:
         a. MIL-G-21164   b. MIL-PRF-83282   c. MIL-PRF-10924       

     Test procedure. Fresh solvent was used for each soil tested. Each test coupon was cyclically immersed and withdrawn from a 150-ml beaker containing 100 ml of the cleaner at a rate of 20 cycles per minute for 5 minutes. Each coupon shall then be dried for 10 minutes at 140±4° F. (60±2° C.), cooled to room temperature, and reweighed (weight=W3). Cleaning efficiency for the cleaner was calculated as follows for each coupon:
 
% Cleaning efficiency=( W 2 −W 3)/( W 2 −W 1)×100
 
The test result for each soil shall be the average of three coupon cleaning efficiencies.
 
                                                 Soil/Product   Control (MIL-PRF-680)   Navsolve                          MIL-G-21164   68%   74%           MIL-PRF-10924   86%   94%           MIL-PRF-83282   97%   97%                        
II. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Analysis
 
     The VOC content for the cyclosiloxane solvents of this inventin (Navsolve cleaner) was measured in accordance with MIL-PRF-32295 Specification (SCAQMD Method 313-06). The VOC analysis for the cyclosiloxane solvents (Navsolve cleaner) was found as 4.0 g/l; the VOC content for MIL-PRF-680 is more than 750 g/l. 
     III. Total Immersion Corrosion Test 
     The total immersion corrosion test for the cyclosiloxane solvents (Navsolve cleaner) was conducted in accordance with the requirements of MIL-PRF-32295 specification (ASTM F483) and gave the following results: 
                                         MIL-PRF-32295   Navsolve       Metal/Product   mg/cm2/day   mg/cm2/day                  Aluminum (SAE-AMS-QQ-A-250/4   0.04   0.01       Aluminum (SAE-AMS-QQ-A-250/12)   0.04   0.01       Titanium (SAE-AMS4911)   0.04   0.01       Magnesium (SAE-AMS-M-3171)   0.20   0.01       Steel (SAE-AMS5040)   0.04   0.01                    
IV. Sandwich Corrosion Test
 
     The sandwich corrosion test for the cyclosiloxane solvents (Navsolve cleaner) was conducted in accordance with MIL-PRF-32295 specification requirements (ASTM F1110); the product met the requirements successfully. The following aluminum alloys were used in conducting the sandwich corrosion test: 
     Aluminum SAE 250/4 
     Aluminum SAE 250/5 
     Aluminum SAE 250/12 
     Aluminum SAE 250/13 
     V. Flash Point 
     The flash point of flammable liquid is the lowest temperature at which it can form an ignitable mixture in air. The flash point for the cyclosiloxane solvents (Navsolve cleaner) was measured in accordance with MIL-PRF-32295 specification (ASTM D-56) and found as 141° F. To avoid the flammability problems, the flash point for the solvent must be 140° F. or higher. The flash point property is essential for solvent cleaner selection to ensure worker safety and health protection. 
     VI. Hydrogen Embrittlement Test 
     The hydrogen embrittlement test was conducted in accordance with MIL-PRF-32295 specification (ASTM F519); using cadmium-plated AIS14340, type 1a specimens. Each specimen was stressed by applying a load equivalent to 45 percent of notch fracture strength. The notch was immersed in the cleaner for the duration of the test (150 hours). The cyclosiloxane solvent of this invention (Navsolve cleaner) met the requirements successfully. 
     Advantages and New Features 
     To meet the new environmental regulations, it is essential to identify and validate effective, safe, and environmentally friendly products for cleaning applications. The advantages of the cyclosiloxane solvent (Navsolve cleaner) are listed below:
         Low VOC contents (4.0 g/L)   Free of Hazard Air Pollution (HAP-free)   Acceptable flash point (140° F.-145° F.)   Compatible with metals and non-metals   Non-corrosive   Non-Toxic       

     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Properties and Test Methods 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 TEST 
                   
               
               
                 PROPERTY 
                 REQUIREMENT 
                 METHOD 
                 RESULT 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 VOC content,  
                 25 
                 SCAQMD 
                 NOT  
               
               
                 grams/liter  
                   
                 Method 313 
                 TESTED 
               
               
                 (maximum) 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Apparent specific  
                 No change from 
                 ASTM  
                 0.963 
               
               
                 gravity, 80/80 F. 
                 qualification  
                 D891  
                 Informational 
               
               
                   
                 sample 
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Vapor pressure,  
                 Type I  
                 Type II 
                 ASTM  
                 2 mm Hg 
               
               
                 mm Hg at 20° C.  
                 7  
                 45 
                 D2879 
                 Conforms  
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 (maximum) 
                   
                   
                 (Types I &amp; II) 
               
               
                 Flash point, ° F.  
                 140  
                 ASTM  
                 No flash  
               
               
                 (° C.)  
                 (80)   
                 D56  
                 to 141° F. 
               
               
                 (minimum) 
                   
                   
                 Conforms 
               
               
                 Nonvolatile  
                 5 
                 ASTM  
                 3 mg/100 mls 
               
               
                 residue, 
                   
                 D1353 
                 Conforms 
               
               
                 mg/100 ml, 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 (maximum) 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Acidity 
                 0.02* 
                 ASTM  
                 *Acidity as  
               
               
                   
                   
                 D1613 
                 Acetic Acid, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 wgt. % = &lt;0.01 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Conforms 
               
               
                 Odor 
                 No-offensive,  
                 ASTM  
                 Non-offensive, 
               
               
                   
                 low intensity,  
                 D1296 
                 low intensity, 
               
               
                   
                 non-residual 
                 and 4.5 10 
                 non-residual 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Conforms 
               
               
                 Miscibility  
                 Immiscible 
                 4.5.1 
                 Immiscible 
               
               
                 with water 
                   
                   
                 Conforms 
               
               
                 Drying time,  
                 50 
                 4.5.2 
                 Less than  
               
               
                 minutes, 
                   
                   
                 50 min. 
               
               
                 (maximum) 
                   
                   
                 Conforms 
               
               
                 Low temperature  
                 No freezing and  
                 4.5.3 
                 No freezing/ 
               
               
                 stability 
                 no separation 
                   
                 separation 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Conforms 
               
               
                 Sandwich  
                 Rating of 1 
                 ASTM  
                 Ratings = 1,  
               
               
                 corrosion 
                   
                 F1110 
                 maximum 
               
               
                 (maximum) 
                   
                   
                 Conforms 
               
               
                 Immersion  
                   
                 ASTM  
                 QQ-A-250/ 
               
               
                 corrosion, 
                   
                 F483  
                 4: 0.01 
               
               
                 mg/cm 2 /day 
                   
                 and 
                 QQ-A-250/ 
               
               
                 (maximum 
                   
                 4.5.4 
                 *12: 0.01 
               
               
                 Aluminum,  
                 0.04 
                   
                 AMS-4011:  
               
               
                 Titanium, Steel 
                   
                   
                 0.01 
               
               
                 Magnesium 
                 0.20 
                   
                 AMS-5040: 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 0.01 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AMS-4377:  
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 0.01 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Conforms 
               
               
                 Cadmium  
                 0.20 
                 ASTM  
                 0.01 mg/ 
               
               
                 corrosion test 
                   
                 F1111 
                 cm 2 /day 
               
               
                 mg/cm 2 /day  
                   
                   
                 Conforms 
               
               
                 (maximum) 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Copper corrosion  
                 1b 
                 ASTM  
                 1a 
               
               
                 rating (maximum) 
                   
                 D130  
                 Conforms 
               
               
                   
                   
                 and 4.5.5 
                   
               
               
                 Effect on  
                 No streaks 
                 ASTM  
                 Conforms 
               
               
                 unpainted surfaces 
                 or stains 
                 F485  
                   
               
               
                 Hydrogen  
                 No failures in  
                 ASTM  
                 Type 1a, 
               
               
                 embrittlement 
                 less than 
                 F519  
                 cadmium  
               
               
                   
                 150 hours  
                 and 4.5.6 
                 plated: 
               
               
                   
                 when specimens 
                   
                 No failures 
               
               
                   
                 are loaded to 45  
                   
                 within 150 
               
               
                   
                 percent of  
                   
                 hours 
               
               
                   
                 fracture 
                   
                 Conforms 
               
               
                   
                 strength and 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 immersed in  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 cleaner 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Titanium stress 
                 No cracking 
                 ASTM 
                 AMS 4911/ 
               
               
                 corrosion  
                   
                 F945  
                 AMS 4918 
               
               
                 (examined 
                   
                 Method A 
                 No cracking 
               
               
                 with 500X 
                   
                   
                 Conforms 
               
               
                 magnification) 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Effect on painted 
                 No streaks, fading,  
                 ASTM 
                 No effect 
               
               
                 surfaces 
                 blisters, or 
                 F502  
                 Conforms 
               
               
                   
                 discoloration 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 No softening  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 &gt;1 pencil  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 hardness 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Effect on plastics 
                   
                 ASTM 
                 Type A:  
               
               
                 Acrylic,  
                 No crazing 
                 F484  
                 No crazing 
               
               
                 Type A &amp; C 
                   
                   
                 Conforms 
               
               
                 Polycarbonate 
                 No crazing after 2 
                   
                 Type C: 
               
               
                 AMS-P-83310 
                 hrs at 2000 psi  
                   
                 No crazing 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Conforms 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 83310:  
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 No crazing 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Conforms 
               
               
                 Effect on  
                 No more  
                 4.5.7 
                 No dielectric  
               
               
                 polyimide wire 
                 insulation  
                   
                 breakdown  
               
               
                   
                 cracking than 
                   
                 or leakage. 
               
               
                   
                 with distilled  
                   
                 Conforms 
               
               
                   
                 water and no 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 subsequent 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 dielectric  
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 breakdown 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 or leakage 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Effect on sealant 
                 No change in  
                 4.5.8 
                 No change in  
               
               
                   
                 Shore A  
                   
                 Shore A 
               
               
                   
                 hardness greater 
                   
                 hardness  
               
               
                   
                 than ±5 units 
                   
                 greater  
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 than ±5 units 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Conforms 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Cleaning  
                 Type I  
                 Type II 
                 4.5.9 
                 MIL-PRF- 
               
               
                 efficiency on  
                   
                   
                   
                 83282: 97% 
               
               
                 MIL-PRF- 
                 No  
                 No 
                   
                 MIL-G- 
               
               
                 83282 soil 
                 less 
                 less 
                   
                 21164: 74% 
               
               
                   
                 than 
                 than 
                   
                 MIL-PRF- 
               
               
                   
                 85% 
                 95% 
                   
                 10924; 94% 
               
               
                 MIL-G-21164 
                 No 
                 No 
                   
                 Conforms 
               
               
                 soil 
                 less 
                 less 
                   
                 (Type I &amp; 
               
               
                   
                 than 
                 than 
                   
                 Type II) 
               
               
                   
                 60% 
                 70% 
                   
                   
               
               
                 MIL-PRF-10924 
                 No 
                 No 
                   
                   
               
               
                 grease 
                 less 
                 less 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 than 
                 than 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 85% 
                 85% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE II 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 MIL-PRF-32295A Properties and Test Methods 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                 TEST 
               
               
                 PROPERTY 
                 REQUIREMENT 
                 METHOD 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 VOC content, grams/liter 
                 Type  
                 Type  
                 Type  
                 SCAQMD 
               
               
                 (maximum) 
                 I 
                 II 
                 III 
                 Method  
               
               
                   
                 25  
                 25  
                 Exempt 
                 313 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Apparent specific gravity, 
                 No change from 
                 ASTM 
               
               
                 60/60° F. 
                 qualification sample 
                 D891  
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Vapor pressure, mm Hg at 
                 Type  
                 Type  
                 Type  
                 ASTM  
               
               
                 20° C. (maximum) 
                 I  
                 II 
                 III 
                 D2879 
               
               
                   
                 7  
                 45 
                 No  
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 limit 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Flash point, ° F. (° C.)  
                 140  
                 ASTM  
               
               
                 (minimum) 
                 (60)  
                 D56  
               
               
                 Nonvolatile residue, 
                 5 
                 ASTM  
               
               
                 mg/100 ml, (maximum) 
                   
                 D1353 
               
               
                 Acidity 
                 0.02 
                 ASTM  
               
               
                   
                   
                 D1613 
               
               
                 Odor 
                 Non-offensive, low 
                 ASTM  
               
               
                   
                 intensity,  
                 D1296 
               
               
                   
                 non-residual 
                 and 4.5.10 
               
               
                 Miscibility with water 
                 Immiscible 
                 4.5.1 
               
               
                 Drying time, minutes 
                 50 
                 4.5.2 
               
               
                 (maximum) 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Low temperature stability 
                 No freezing and  
                 4.5.3 
               
               
                   
                 no separation 
                   
               
               
                 Sandwich corrosion 
                 Rating of 1 
                 ASTM  
               
               
                 (maximum) 
                   
                 F1110 
               
               
                 Immersion corrosion, 
                   
                 ASTM 
               
               
                 mg/cm 2 /day (maximum) 
                   
                 F483   
               
               
                 Aluminum, Titanium, Steel 
                 0.04 
                 and 4.5.4 
               
               
                 Magnesium 
                 0.20 
                   
               
               
                 Cadmium corrosion test, 
                 0.20 
                 ASTM  
               
               
                 mg/cm 2 /day (maximum) 
                   
                 F1111 
               
               
                 Copper corrosion rating 
                 1b 
                 ASTM  
               
               
                 (maximum) 
                   
                 D130  
               
               
                   
                   
                 and 4.5.5 
               
               
                 Effect on unpainted surfaces 
                 No streaks or stains 
                 ASTM  
               
               
                   
                   
                 F485  
               
               
                 Hydrogen embrittlement 
                 No failures in less  
                 ASTM  
               
               
                   
                 than 150 hours when  
                 F519  
               
               
                   
                 specimens are loaded  
                 and 4.5.6 
               
               
                   
                 to 45 percent of 
                   
               
               
                   
                 fracture strength and 
                   
               
               
                   
                 immersed in cleaner 
                   
               
               
                 Titanium stress corrosion 
                 No cracking 
                 ASTM  
               
               
                 (examined with 500X 
                   
                 F945  
               
               
                 magnification) 
                   
                 Method A 
               
               
                 Effect on painted surfaces 
                 No streaks, facing,  
                 ASTM  
               
               
                   
                 blisters, 
                 F502  
               
               
                   
                 or discoloration 
                   
               
               
                   
                 No softening &gt;1  
                   
               
               
                   
                 pencil hardness 
                   
               
               
                 Effect on plastics 
                   
                 ASTM  
               
               
                 Acrylic, type A&amp;C 
                 No crazing 
                 F484  
               
               
                 Polycarbonate,  
                 No crazing after 
                   
               
               
                 AMS-P-83310 
                 2 hours at 2000 psi 
                   
               
               
                 Effect on 
                 No more insulation 
                 4.5.7 
               
               
                 polyimide wire 
                 cracking than with 
                   
               
               
                   
                 distilled water and 
                   
               
               
                   
                 no subsequent 
                   
               
               
                   
                 dielectric breakdown 
                   
               
               
                   
                 or leakage 
                   
               
               
                 Effect on sealant 
                 No change in  
                 4.5.8 
               
               
                   
                 Shore A hardness 
                   
               
               
                   
                 greater than ±5 units 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Cleaning efficiency on 
                 Type 1  
                 Type 1I  
                 Type 1II 
                 4.5.9 
               
               
                 MIL-PRF-83282 soil 
                 ≧85%  
                 ≧95% 
                 ≧85% 
                   
               
               
                 Mil-G-21164 soil 
                 ≧60%  
                 ≧70% 
                 ≧60% 
                   
               
               
                 Mil-PRF-10924 soil 
                 ≧75%  
                 ≧85% 
                 ≧75% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The following is a list of the ASTM standard test used to obtain the data set forth in Tables I and II. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 ASTM INTERNATIONAL 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 ASTM D56 
                 Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup  
               
               
                   
                 Tester (DoD adopted) 
               
               
                 ASTM D130 
                 Standard Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from 
               
               
                   
                 Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test (Dod Adopted) 
               
               
                 ASTM D891 
                 Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of 
               
               
                   
                 Liquid Industrial Chemicals (DoD Adopted) 
               
               
                 ASTM D1296 
                 Standard Test Method for odor of Volatile Solvents and  
               
               
                   
                 Diluents (DoD Adopted) 
               
               
                 ASTM D1353 
                 Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter in  
               
               
                   
                 Volatile Solvents for Use in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and  
               
               
                   
                 Related Products (DoD Adopted) 
               
               
                 ASTM D1613 
                 Standard Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents  
               
               
                   
                 and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, 
               
               
                   
                 Lacquer, and related products (DoD) Adopted) 
               
               
                 ASTM D2240 
                 Standard Test Method for Rubber Property- 
               
               
                   
                 Durometer Hardness (DoD Adopted) 
               
               
                 ASTM D2879 
                 Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure-Temperature 
               
               
                   
                 Relationship and Initial Decomposition Temperature of  
               
               
                   
                 Liquids by Isoteniscope (DoD Adopted) 
               
               
                 ASTM F483 
                 Standard Test Method for Total Immersion Corrosion  
               
               
                   
                 Test for Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals (DoD Adopted) 
               
               
                 ASTM F484 
                 Standard Test Method for Stress Crazing of Acrylic  
               
               
                   
                 Plastics in Contact with Liquid or Semi-liquid  
               
               
                   
                 Compounds (DoD Adopted) 
               
               
                 ASTM F485 
                 Standard Test Method for Effects of Cleaners on  
               
               
                   
                 Unpainted Aircraft Surfaces 
               
               
                 ASTM F502 
                 Standard Test Method for Effects of Cleaning and  
               
               
                   
                 Chemical Maintenance Materials on Painted Aircraft  
               
               
                   
                 Surfaces (DoD Adopted) 
               
               
                 ASTM F519 
                 Standard Test Method for Mechanical Hydrogen 
               
               
                   
                 Embrittlement Evaluation of Plating/Coating Processes and  
               
               
                   
                 Service Environments (DoD Adopted) 
               
               
                 ASTM F945 
                 Standard Test Method for Stress-Corrosion of Titanium  
               
               
                   
                 Alloys by Aircraft Engine Cleaning Materials  
               
               
                   
                 (DoD Adopted) 
               
               
                 ASTM F1110 
                 Standard Test Method for Sandwich Corrosion Test (Dod 
               
               
                   
                 Adopted) 
               
               
                 ASTM F1111 
                 Standard Test Method for Corrosion of Low- 
               
               
                   
                 Embrittling Cadmium Plate by Aircraft 
               
               
                   
                 Maintenance Chemicals (DoD Adopted) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Immersion Corrorion.  
               
               
                 The immersion corrosion test was conducted in accordance with  
               
               
                 ASTM F483 (using the 7 day duration) on 
               
               
                 test panels constructed on the following materials: 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 WEIGHT CHANGE 
               
               
                   
                 (mg/cm 2 /day) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 MAX. 
                   
               
               
                 TEST PANEL 
                 ALLOWABLE 
                 RESULTS 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Aluminum alloy 2024 (T3 temper), 
                 0.04 
                 0.01 
               
               
                 conforming to SAE-AMS-QQ-A-250/4 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Aluminum alloy 7075 (T6 temper), 
                 0.04 
                 0.01 
               
               
                 conforming to SAE-AMS-QQ-A-250/12 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Titanium alloy (6Al-4V), conforming 
                 0.04 
                 0.01 
               
               
                 to SAE-AMS4911 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Carbon steel (1020), conforming to 
                 0.04 
                 0.01 
               
               
                 SAE-AMS5040 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Magnesium alloy (AZ31B-H24),  
                 0.20 
                 0.01 
               
               
                 conforming to  
                   
                   
               
               
                 SAE-AMS4377, chrome pickled  
                   
                   
               
               
                 to SAE-AMS-M-3171, type VI 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     While various embodiments of the invention have been disclosed, the specific composition and methods described herein are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.