Patent Publication Number: US-9409704-B2

Title: Capsule for making beverages

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This U.S. application claims priority under 35 U.S.C 371 to, and is a U.S. National Phase application of, the International Patent Application No. PCT/IB2013/055105, filed Jun. 21, 2013, which claims the benefit of prior Italian Application No. VR2012A000133 filed Jul. 3, 2012. The entire contents of the above-mentioned patent applications are incorporated by reference as part of the disclosure of this U.S. application. 
     This invention relates to a capsule for making beverages. In particular reference is made to those capsules comprising a body and a lid which closes the top of the body and in which a powdered food substance (for example coffee powder) is positioned, which can be extracted by passing water (which may be pressurised) through it to make a beverage, for example coffee. More specifically reference is made to those capsules in which the body comprises a lower wall and a side wall which form a chamber in which a rigid or semi-rigid filter is positioned. 
     In more detail, reference is made to those capsules suitable for use in beverage making systems in which the capsule is pierced at the lid, to allow the injection of water (which may be pressurised) into the capsule itself, and at the lower wall, to allow dispensing outside the capsule of the beverage produced by the interaction of the water with the powdered food substance. 
     In such capsules the filter is substantially a flat filter, normally disk-shaped, positioned close to the lower wall of the capsule body and separates the powdered food substance from the lower wall in such a way that powder does not come out of the capsule after a piercing element has penetrated through the lower wall. In fact, the filter comprises openings which allow the beverage to pass through it in such a way that said beverage can come out of the capsule through the lower wall (through the hole made by the piercing element or through a channel present in the latter). However, at the same time the openings allow the powdered food substance to be retained. 
     However, this prior art technology may have several disadvantages under certain circumstances. 
     In particular, with some types and particle sizes of the powdered food substance the prior art capsules may not allow optimum extraction of the powdered food substance. In fact, for example, the beverage made by the interaction between the water and the powder located close to the lid, in order to be able to come out of the capsule must reach the filter and therefore must pass through all of the powder below which may obstruct its path. In fact, once moistened with the water, the powdered food substance tends to become compacted, obstructing the flow of the liquids which encounter increased resistance to permeation through the powder. In fact, the water injected into the capsule tends to draw the powdered food substance with it, carrying it towards the filter and causing it to build up and become compacted precisely at the filter, therefore increasing the resistance of the powdered food substance to the passage of liquids through it and resulting in difficulties draining the beverage through it. Therefore, during the injection of water into the capsule, areas are created in the powder which are compacted to different degrees. Therefore, prior art capsules have the disadvantage that the powdered food substance can only be permeated unevenly, that is to say, to drastically different degrees depending on the position of the powdered food substance in the capsule. Moreover, in prior art capsules, since the water tends to flow in the zones of the powder which are less resistant to permeation, preferential channels for the passage of the water are easily created, the result being that the powdered food substance is not all permeated homogeneously. 
     In this context, the technical purpose which forms the basis of this invention is to provide a capsule for making beverages which overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages. 
     In particular, the technical purpose of this invention is to provide a capsule for making beverages which allows the water fed in to permeate the powdered food substance more evenly than the prior art capsules. 
     It is also the technical purpose of this invention to provide a capsule for making beverages which allows limitation, compared with prior art capsules, of the risk of forming highly compacted zones, in the powdered food substance, which could obstruct the flow of the beverage. 
     This invention also has for a technical purpose to provide a capsule for making beverages which, compared with prior art capsules, promotes water permeation through the entire powdered food substance, limiting the risk of forming in the latter preferential channels for the passage of the water. 
     The technical purpose specified and the aims indicated are substantially achieved by a capsule for making beverages as described in the appended claims. 
     Further features and advantages of this invention are more apparent in the detailed description below, with reference to several preferred, non-limiting embodiments of a capsule for making beverages, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which: 
    
    
     
         FIG. 1  is an axonometric top view of a capsule according to this invention, cut according to a first vertical cutting plane passing through an axis of extension of it; 
         FIG. 2  is a vertical cross-section of the capsule of  FIG. 1 , according to a second vertical plane passing through the axis of extension and rotated by 22.5° compared with the first cutting plane; it also illustrates an injecting element and a piercing element which respectively pass through the lid and the lower wall; 
         FIG. 3  is a view of the detail III of  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 4  is an exploded view of the capsule of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 5  is an axonometric top view, cut according to a first vertical cutting plane passing through an axis of extension of it, of a second embodiment of the filter (or more generally the filter element) of a capsule made according to this invention; 
         FIG. 6  is an axonometric top view of a third embodiment of the filter of a capsule made according to this invention; 
         FIG. 7  is an axonometric top view, cut according to a first vertical cutting plane passing through an axis of extension of it, of the third embodiment of  FIG. 6 ; and 
         FIG. 8  is a front view of the filter of  FIG. 7 . 
         FIG. 9  is a vertical cross-section of a capsule with an additional filter element for intercepting the beverage coming out of the filter. 
     
    
    
     With reference to the accompanying drawings, the numeral  1  denotes in its entirety a capsule for making beverages in accordance with this invention. 
     This invention relates to a capsule  1  for making beverages comprising at least one powdered food substance which can be extracted by passing water through it to make a beverage. The powdered food substance, for example powdered coffee, can be extracted for example by infusion or is soluble to make a beverage such as coffee or tea, infusions, soups, etc. The capsule  1  may be suitable for allowing extraction of the powdered food substance, such as coffee, by passing pressurised water through it, for example to make an espresso coffee. 
     The capsule  1  comprises a substantially cup-shaped body  2  which in turn comprises a lower wall  3  and a side wall  4 . In the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS. 1 to 4 , the lower wall  3  of the capsule  1  mainly extends in a circular fashion and the side wall  4  extends from it with a shape that to a first approximation is frusto-conical, the upper part of it ending with an edge  5  located on the opposite side to the lower wall  3 . A lid  6  is fixed to the body  2  at the edge  5  and closes the top of the capsule  1  body  2 . The body  2  and the lid  6  of the capsule  1  may each be made of different materials. The body  2  may, for example, be made of a plastic material whilst the lid  6  may be made of an aluminium sheet. Between the lid  6  and the inner surface of the body  2  there is a chamber. During use of the capsule  1 , the beverage is made in the chamber after interaction between the powdered food substance and the water. Between a central point of the lid  6  and a central point of the lower wall  3  is identified an axis of extension  7  of the capsule  1 , visible in  FIG. 2 . In the embodiments illustrated the capsule  1  is symmetrical relative to the axis of extension  7 . Advantageously, in the embodiments illustrated, the lid  6  can be pierced to allow water to be injected into the capsule  1  and the lower wall  3  can also be pierced to allow the beverage to come out of the capsule  1 . Therefore, hereinafter preferential reference will be made to this solution. The capsule  1  is therefore suitable for use in a beverage making system which advantageously comprises a housing in which the capsule  1  can be inserted for use for making a beverage, for example coffee. As shown in  FIG. 2 , a system suitable for using the capsule  1  illustrated comprises, in the substantially known way, means for injecting water into the capsule  1 , which can be associated with the lid  6 , comprising an injecting element  8  such as a needle or a blade comprising a channel for the passage of the water, and it also comprises means for extracting the beverage from the capsule  1 , which can be associated with the lower wall  3 , said means in turn comprising a piercing element  9  for piercing/penetrating the lower wall  3  of the capsule  1  body  2 . In this context, the term piercing element  9  refers to any element, substantially of the known type, able to pierce, cut or tear, for example a spike or a blade, fixed or mobile. 
     The capsule  1  also comprises a rigid or semi-rigid filter  10  positioned in the chamber. That filter  10 , in particular, comprises openings  11  for allowing fluid communication through it. The openings  11  are in fact advantageously able to allow the passage of beverages through them and at the same time to substantially retain the powdered food substance so that, during use of the capsule  1 , the beverage can pass through the filter  10  and then come out of the capsule  1  (for example through a hole made by the piercing element  9  in the lower  3  or through a channel made in the piercing element  9 ) and the powdered food substance can remain substantially trapped inside. 
     According to this invention, the filter  10  extends between a substantially annular rim  12  of the filter located at the top of the filter  10  and positioned close to the capsule  1  lid  6 , and a bottom portion  13  located at the bottom of the filter  10  and positioned close to the lower wall  3 . 
     The filter  10  is coupled to the capsule  1  body  2  at a coupling portion  14  with substantially annular extension about the axis of extension  7  and located on the side wall  4 . 
     According to this invention, the coupling portion  14  is located close to the edge  5  of the side wall  4  and the filter  10  is coupled to the coupling portion  14  substantially at the rim  12 . Therefore, advantageously the rim  12  of the filter  10  also has substantially annular extension about the axis of extension  7 . The coupling between the filter  10  and the capsule  1  body  2  is described in more detail below. 
     In accordance with this invention the filter  10  substantially separates the chamber into a first compartment  15  in which the powered food substance is contained and a second compartment  16 . In the preferred embodiments the piercing element  9 , during use, can be inserted in the second compartment  16  without damaging the filter  10 , after penetrating through the lower wall  3 . 
     The water injected into the capsule  1  passes through the powdered food substance contained in the first compartment  15 . Advantageously, as shown in the accompanying drawings, the rim  12  of the filter  10  substantially delimits an access aperture to the first compartment  15  which in the embodiments illustrated is substantially circular. Therefore, the filter  10  is advantageously open at the top, that is to say, on the side facing towards the lid  6 . That solution has two advantages: first, during capsule  1  production, when the lid  6  is separate from the body  2 , the powdered food substance can be inserted in the first compartment  15  by simply pouring it into said compartment through the access aperture. Second, as shown in  FIG. 2 , during use of the capsule  1  the injecting element  8  may advantageously pass through the lid  6  and be partly inserted in the first compartment  15  through the access aperture for injecting the water directly into it. 
     Therefore, in the first compartment  15  the powered food substance interacts with the water injected into the capsule  1  to make the beverage. In contrast, the second compartment  16  is intended, during use, to receive the beverage made in the first compartment  15  and which comes out of the latter through the openings  11  present in the filter  10 . 
     In accordance with this invention, the first compartment  15  is delimited at least between the filter  10  and the lid  6 ; however, the first compartment  15  may also be delimited by a small annular portion of side wall  4  located between the edge  5  of the side wall  4  itself and the coupling portion  14  (which, as indicated, is close to the edge  5 ). The first compartment  15  is at least mainly configured as a cavity, delimited by the filter  10 , which advantageously extends over most of the volume of the chamber and in which the powdered food substance is positioned. 
     Also according to this invention, the second compartment  16  is delimited between the filter  10 , the lower wall  3  and the portion of side wall  4  located between the lower wall  3  and the coupling portion  14 . Moreover, at least part of the second compartment  16  is positioned between the side wall  4  and the filter  10 . In other words, the second compartment  16  surrounds at least part of the filter  10 . In particular, the second compartment  16  extends along the side wall  4  at least for most of the distance, measured parallel with the axis of extension  7 , between the coupling portion  14  and the lower wall  3 . In other words, the second compartment  16  surrounds the filter  10  for most of its extension assessed parallel with the axis of extension  7 . According to this invention, the openings  11  are made at least at the part of the second compartment  16  positioned between the filter  10  and the side wall  4 . In this way, the openings  11  made in the part of the second compartment  16  positioned between the filter  10  and the side wall  4  allow a reduction, compared with prior art capsules, in the average distance that the water must cover through the powdered food substance in order to be able to come out of the filter  10  (or out of the first compartment  15 ) in the form of the beverage, with the advantage that the water encounters less resistance to its passage through the substance. Consequently, the filter  10  allows improved filtering of the beverage, a reduced tendency of the powdered food substance to become unevenly compacted and therefore more even permeation of the powdered food substance by the water injected into the capsule  1 . 
     However, advantageously, the openings  11  are also made at the bottom portion  13 , thereby increasing the possibility of the beverage coming out of the first compartment and further improving filtering of the beverage. Even more advantageously, as in the embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the second compartment  16  extends along the side wall  4  to the coupling portion  14 . Since the filter  10  is coupled to the coupling portion  14  at the rim  12 , the substantial totality of the filter  10  is surrounded by the second compartment  16 . Advantageously, the openings  11  are distributed over the entire surface of the filter  10  surrounded by the second compartment  16 , and in particular over the entire surface of the filter  10  which is at the portion of the second compartment  16  located between the filter  10  and the side wall  4 . In the embodiments illustrated, advantageously, the openings  11  are evenly distributed around the filter and are grouped together in groups which are in turn substantially distributed in an even way along the extension of the filter  10  between the rim  12  and the bottom portion  13 . 
     As already indicated, the filter  10  is coupled to the side wall  4  at the coupling portion  14 . The coupling may be made in various ways. 
     In the embodiment illustrated in the detail in  FIG. 3 , the filter  10  comprises a shoulder  17 , close to the rim  12 , with substantially annular extension about the axis of extension  7  and projecting radially relative to the rest of the filter  10 , again with reference to the axis of extension  7 . In other words, seen in a radial section with reference to the axis of extension  7 , the filter  10  comprises a step close to the rim  12 . The filter  10  advantageously rests on the coupling portion  14  by means of the shoulder  17 . In fact, the coupling portion  14  comprises a counter-shoulder  18  which also has substantially annular extension about the axis of extension  7  and which projects radially, with reference to the axis of extension  7 , relative to the portion of side wall  4  adjacent to it on the lower wall  3  side. Therefore, as shown in  FIG. 3 , the shoulder  17  rests on the counter-shoulder  18 . In the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS. 1 to 4 , the rim  12  is coupled to an annular region  19  of the coupling portion  14  which is located between the counter-shoulder  18  and the edge  5  of the side wall  4  to which the lid  6  is fixed ( FIG. 3 ). Therefore, advantageously, in the preferred embodiments, the filter  10  is in contact with the body  2  of the capsule  1 , and in particular with the coupling portion  14 , substantially at two annular portions, one corresponding to the rim  12  and another corresponding to the shoulder  17 . In particular, the contact between the shoulder  17  and the counter-shoulder  18  allows the filter  10 , once inserted in the capsule  1  body  2 , to stop at the counter-shoulder  18 . In other words, the counter-shoulder  18  acts as a contact element which prevents the filter  10  from being subject to further movements towards the lower wall  3  of the capsule  1 . That is particularly useful for keeping the filter  10  in a predetermined position, as described in more detail below. 
     However the coupling is created between the filter  10  and the coupling portion  14 , the filter  10  is advantageously coupled to the coupling portion  14  by mechanical interference, and moreover, in addition or alternatively, the filter  10  is coupled to the coupling portion  14 , forming a sealed contact with it, where “sealed contact” in this context advantageously refers to a contact which is watertight. Moreover, the sealed contact may also be useful during capsule  1  production. In fact, during insertion of the powdered food substance in the first compartment  15 , advantageously the substance being poured through the access aperture as described above, the sealed contact (at the coupling portion  14 ) allows a guarantee that the powder cannot accidentally be poured into the second compartment  16  (which would compromise use of the capsule  1  for making the beverage). The coupling which uses mechanical interference and/or is sealed can be made in various ways. 
     In the embodiment illustrated in the detail in  FIG. 3 , the mechanical interference coupling is created between the rim  12  of the filter  10  and the above-mentioned annular region  19  of the coupling portion  14 . In  FIG. 3  the rim  12  is shown interpenetrating with the annular region  19 , however that illustration is representative of the design dimensions respectively of the filter  10  and the capsule  1  body  2  and does not reflect the real interaction between said elements which obviously cannot coexist in the same space. In particular, said representation implies that the interference contact between the rim  12  and the annular region  19  in reality, advantageously, requires at least one of these to be in a state of deformation (advantageously elastic). 
     Mechanical interference is possible thanks to the elastic deformability of the rim  12  and/or of the annular region  19 , the elasticity advantageously being allowed by the material used to make them and/or by their shape. In the embodiments illustrated the annular region  19 , that is to say, the region of the coupling portion  14  located between the counter-shoulder  18  and the edge  5 , is advantageously able to bend. In particular, the annular region  19  presses against the rim  12  of the filter  10  thanks to the elastic deformation to which it is subjected. As shown in  FIG. 3 , the annular region  19 , seen in axial section, extends at an angle relative to the axis of extension  7 : in particular proceeding from the edge  5  towards the lower wall  3  the annular region  19  moves away from the axis of extension  7 . Moreover, the coupling portion  14  at the edge  5  or at the part of the annular region  19  adjacent to the edge  5 , has a cross-section, perpendicularly to the axis of extension  7 , which is advantageously less than the area delimited by the rim  12  in the plane perpendicular to the axis of extension  7 . Advantageously, for that reason, during capsule  1  production the coupling portion  14 , and in particular its annular region  19 , resists the passage of the rim  12  during the end step of filter  10  insertion in the chamber. Filter  10  insertion in the chamber therefore requires pressure to be applied on the filter  10 , directed towards the lower wall  3 , at least as the rim  12  passes at the annular region  19 . In the preferred embodiment, advantageously, the pressure on the filter  10  is maintained until the shoulder  17  is resting against the counter-shoulder  18 , thus creating a snap-on type insertion. That particular shape of the coupling portion  14  and its interaction with the filter  10 , and in particular with the rim  12 , advantageously prevents removal of the filter  10  from inside the capsule  1  body  2 , for example after a thrust applied on the bottom portion  13  of the filter  10  and directed towards the lid  6 . 
     Moreover, advantageously, the sealed contact is also created between the rim  12  of the filter  10  and the annular region  19  of the coupling portion  14 . In particular, in the embodiment illustrated, the rim  12  and the annular region  19  are made in such a way that between them there is continuous contact, and the seal is guaranteed by mechanical interference. 
     The filter  10  may come in various shapes. For example, in the preferred embodiments illustrated, the filter  10  is substantially cup-shaped and comprises a side portion  20  extending about the axis of extension  7  between the bottom portion  13  and the rim  12 . The openings  11  are located at least on the side portion  20 , but advantageously they are also located on the bottom portion  13 . The filter  10  substantially determines the shape of the first compartment  15 , whilst the shape of the second compartment  16  is determined by the filter  10  together with the capsule  1  body  2 . As already indicated, the second compartment  16  is advantageously made in such a way that the piercing element  9  can penetrate through the lower wall  3  of the capsule  1  without damaging the filter  10 . The piercing element  9  can pass through the lower wall  3  of the capsule  1  centrally or off-centre as shown in  FIG. 2 . 
     To avoid contact with the piercing element  9  as it penetrates into the second compartment  16  (if the lower wall  3  can be pierced), the filter  10  will advantageously have a shape that allows the piercing element  9  to enter but at the same time avoids contact with it, considering its dimensions, the related stroke and its positioning. 
     For example, the bottom portion  13  may comprise a recess towards the lid  6  in which the piercing element  9  can be inserted. The dimensions of the recess will be proportionate to those of the piercing element  9  and to the related stroke that it must cover inside the capsule  1  (the distance between the lower wall  3  and the tip of the piercing element  9 , when the latter is inserted in the capsule  1 ). Depending if the piercing element  9  passes through the lower wall  3  centrally or off-centre, the recess will be located respectively at the centre of the bottom portion  13  or off-centre relative to the axis of extension  7 , in the latter case having an extension that is advantageously annular about it. This configuration is illustrated in  FIG. 5  where the bottom portion  12  comprises an outer annular zone  23  and an inner zone  24 ; the outer annular zone  23  being spaced from the lower wall  3 , whilst the inner zone  24  is close to the lower wall  3 . The two zones  23 ,  24  are connected by an auxiliary wall  25  which, together with the inner zone  24 , delimits a protuberance having a further cup shape in the lower wall  3 . Whilst in the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 5  openings  11  are made at the outer annular zone  23  and the inner zone  24  but not at the auxiliary wall  25 , in other embodiments either the openings may be made also in the auxiliary wall  25 , or they may not be made in the outer annular zone  23  and/or in the inner zone  24 . Furthermore, alternatively to the presence of an annular recess, the filter  10  may have a substantially conical shape, the taper being such that it prevents contact with the piercing element  9  even when it is completely inserted (considering its maximum stroke) in the second compartment  16 . 
     Advantageously, in the preferred embodiment of  FIGS. 1 to 4 , the bottom portion  13  of the filter  10  is spaced from the lower wall  3  to allow, during capsule  1  use in a system suitable for using it, insertion of the piercing element  9  in the capsule  1 , through the lower wall  3 , without the bottom portion  13  of the filter  10  being damaged. Moreover, the bottom portion  13  of the filter  10  preferably mainly comprises a flat disk extending in a substantially circular fashion about the axis of extension  7 . 
     In the embodiments illustrated, the position of the counter-shoulder  18  on the coupling portion  14  and the position of the shoulder  17  on the filter  10 , are established to determine a distance between the lower wall  3  of the body  2  and the bottom portion  13  of the filter  10  which is greater than the distance between the tip of the piercing element  9  and the lower wall  3  when the piercing element  9  is inserted in the capsule  1 . 
     Again with reference to the shape of the filter  10 , it is, as already indicated, in contact with the side wall  4  at the coupling portion  14 . Starting from the coupling portion  14  and proceeding towards the lower wall  3 , the filter  10  and the side wall  4  are separated from one another, advantageously radially with reference to the axis of extension  7 , that is to say, between the side wall  4  of the body  2  and the side portion  20  of the filter  10  there is an empty space which corresponds to the part of the second compartment  16  positioned between the side wall  4  and the filter  10 . 
     Advantageously, the distance between the filter  10  and the side wall  4  at the second compartment  16  increases proceeding towards the bottom portion  13 . For example, if the side wall  4  extends in a substantially conical fashion with reference to the axis of extension  7 , proceeding from the lid  6  towards the lower wall  3 , the side portion  20  of the filter  10  may for example have a similar extension but with a more pronounced taper. However, in the preferred embodiments illustrated, the side portion  20  of the filter  10  has the structure of superposed rings  21 , which are concentric about the axis of extension  7  and connected to each other. Each ring  21 , proceeding from the rim  12  towards the bottom portion  13  of the filter  10 , delimits a respective section of the first compartment  15 , in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis of extension  7 , having an area greater than that delimited by the next ring  21 . Advantageously, in the embodiments illustrated, the same ring  21  delimits various sections of the first compartment  15  (which are perpendicular to the axis of extension  7 ) which have decreasing areas proceeding in the direction from the rim  12  towards the bottom portion  13 . In other words, each ring  21 , proceeding from the rim  12  towards the bottom portion  13 , moves closer to the axis of extension  7 . In the preferred embodiments illustrated, each section delimited by a ring  21  is substantially circular and its centre is identified by the intersection with the axis of extension  7 . The ring  21  delimiting the section with the smallest area (and advantageously radius), that is to say, the ring  21  closest to the lower wall  3 , surrounds the bottom portion  13 . Said structure of the side portion  20  of the filter  10  gives it rigidity and makes its production easier, which advantageously can be carried out using injection moulding. 
     The side portion  20 , seen in radial section relative to the axis of extension  7 , comprises, on the side facing towards the first compartment  15 , a substantially stepped profile, each step corresponding to one of the rings  21 . Advantageously, even on the side facing towards the side wall  4  the side portion  20  of the filter  10  comprises a stepped profile, each step radially recessed, with reference to the axis of extension  7 , relative to the adjacent step positioned between it and the rim  12 . In other words, the side portion  20  of the filter  10  comprises inner steps, formed by the rings  21 , and outer steps, facing towards the side wall  4 . As shown in  FIGS. 1, 2 and 4 , advantageously, the inner steps and the outer steps are not aligned with each other. In particular, each outer step extends substantially from approximately half the height, measured parallel with the axis of extension  7 , of each inner step. In other words, each inner step (or ring  21 ) is opposite to an outer step only at a portion of the former which advantageously extends over around half of the extension of the inner step (or ring  21 ) and which in the accompanying drawings corresponds to the half of each ring  21  positioned towards the rim  12 . However, in other embodiments, other side portion  20  configurations and structures are possible. 
     The openings  11  which allow fluid communication through the filter  10 , that is to say, which allow the beverage to pass from the first compartment  15  to the second compartment  16 , at least mainly preventing the passage of the powdered food substance which remains confined in the first compartment  15 , are, as already indicated, located at least on the portion of the filter  10  which is at the part of the second compartment  16  positioned between the filter  10  and the side wall  4  of the capsule  1  body  2  Therefore, advantageously, the openings  11  are made at the side portion  20  of the filter  10 . In the preferred embodiments illustrated, there are several openings  11  on each of the rings  21 . In particular, the openings  11  are formed by slits extending mainly parallel with the axis of extension  7 , being arranged side by side. As shown in the accompanying drawings, the slits extend substantially over the entire height of each ring  21  (and therefore of each inner step). However, only the part of each slit extending on the portion of inner step (or ring  21 ) not opposite to an outer step forms an opening  11 . 
     As already indicated, the openings  11  are advantageously also made in the bottom portion  13  (which mainly has the shape of a flat disk). In the embodiments illustrated, said openings  11  are elongate slots extending on the bottom portion  13  in directions which are radial relative to the axis of extension  7 . 
     However, more generally, whatever the shape of the filter  10  and wherever the openings  11  are positioned, they may have a different shape, orientation, arrangement and dimensions, for example, they may be circular holes, or cross-shaped, elongate slits, curves, etc. Moreover, the filter  10  may comprise different types of openings  11 . 
     In the preferred embodiments the filter  10  also comprises stiffening ribs  22  which, advantageously, are at least located on the side portion  20  of the filter  10 . As shown in the accompanying drawings, advantageously, the ribs  22  of the side portion  20  extend longitudinally from the rim  12  at least to the bottom portion  13  and lie substantially in planes passing through the axis of extension  7 . Preferably, the ribs  22  also extend on the bottom portion  13 . In the preferred embodiments illustrated, more precisely, some ribs  22  extend over radial stretches (with reference to the axis of extension  7 ) on the bottom portion  13  whilst other ribs  22  extend over annular stretches about the axis of extension  7 . The ribs  22  with annular extension and radial extension may meet one another, as shown in  FIGS. 1 and 4 . Some ribs  22  of the bottom portion  13  which extend radially may also extend from the ribs  22  of the side portion  20 . 
     In the embodiments illustrated, the ribs  22  of the side portion  20  extend on the rings  21  and on the outer steps in which the side portion  20  is structured and they project radially relative to the latter, creating an overall frusto-conical shape: in other words, each rib  22  is angled in such a way that, proceeding from the rim  12  towards the bottom portion  13  of the filter  10 , the distance between its outer surface and the capsule  1  axis of extension  7  is reduced, and therefore, the distance between it and the side wall  4  is increased. 
     In the preferred embodiments the ribs  22  do not make contact with the capsule  1  body  2 , except at the coupling portion  14 . However, in general the filter  10  may be in contact with the capsule  1  body  2  even at various points other than the coupling portion  14 , provided that there is no interruption in the fluid communication both through the filter  10  and with the beverage outfeed zone through the lower wall  3 . Therefore, in some embodiments, one or more of the ribs  22  present on the side portion  20  and/or on the bottom portion  13  may be in contact with the capsule  1  body  2 : for example the longitudinal ribs  22  present on the side portion  20  could be in contact at one or more points with the side wall  4  located between the coupling portion  14  and the lower wall  3 , whilst between one rib  22  and another the filter  10  is distanced from the side wall  4 . 
     Finally,  FIGS. 6 to 8  show a further alternative embodiment of the filter  10  which is advantageously applied in cases in which at least a perimetric edge  26  of the bottom portion  13  (which in the case illustrated corresponds to the connecting zone between the side portion  20  and the bottom portion  13  of the filter  10 ) projects towards the lower wall  3  relative to the self-same bottom portion  13 , and in use is made to rest against a different element of the capsule  1 . In particular, it may for example be the case that the perimetric edge  26  rests on an additional filter element  27  positioned in the inner chamber of the capsule  1  between the filter  10  and the lower wall  3  for in use intercepting the beverage which comes out of the filter  10  and flows towards the lower wall  3 , as shown in  FIG. 9 . In this case, advantageously the additional filter element  27  comprises at least one layer of flexible filtering material and is coupled to the inner part of the outer body  2 . Preferably, the additional filter element  27  will also have the shape of a disk positioned transversally to the axis of extension  7 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 6 to 8 , in this embodiment the perimetric edge  26  has a notched profile in such a way as to guarantee non-continuous contact with the different element on which it rests. In this way, it is possible to guarantee that the flow of beverage coming out of the openings  11  made in the lateral portion of the filter can reach any part of the additional filter element, making full use of its potential. 
     It should be noticed that if an additional filter element  27  is being used in combination with the filter  10 , as depicted in  FIG. 9 , it is appropriate that all of the openings  11  be of a size such that they act as a filter for the powdered food substance, to retain it at least when it is larger than a predetermined particle size (the size usually being selected so that it is less than the nominal size of the powdered substance). 
     As indicated, the capsule  1  is suitable for use in a beverage making system based on capsules which comprises water injecting means that can be associated with the capsule  1  lid  6  and beverage extracting means which can be associated with the lower wall  3  of the capsule  1 . In particular, in the preferred embodiments, an injecting element  8  which pierces the lid  6  is used to inject the water into the first compartment  15  which contains the powdered food substance. The water interacts with the powdered food substance, making the beverage which, driven by the water flow (which may be pressurised), passes through the powder, covering stretches of it until it reaches the openings  11  present in the filter  10 . While the powdered food substance at least mainly remains confined in the first compartment  15 , the beverage passes through the openings  11  from the first compartment  15  to the second compartment  16 , where it can come out of the capsule  1  after the action of the piercing element  9  which penetrates the lower wall  3 . Depending on the type of beverage making system, the beverage may come out through the hole left by the piercing element  9  or through a channel present in said element. 
     This invention brings important advantages. 
     The presence of the openings in the surface of the filter located at the portion of the second compartment positioned between the filter and the side wall of the capsule body allows a reduction in the average distance that the water must cover through the powdered food substance in order to be able to come out of the filter. For example, the beverage made close to the lid is not forced to pass through substantially all of the powdered food substance in order to be able to come out through the bottom portion of the filter, but can come out through the above-mentioned openings closest to it. In that way, the beverage encounters less resistance during its movement. Moreover, in that way, the risk of the formation of highly compacted areas linked to the substantially unidirectional flow of water and beverage is reduced. In this way, while the beverage is being made the powdered food substance maintains substantially even compactness, consequently reducing the risk of the formation of preferential water flow channels, and the water can therefore permeate the food substance more evenly and homogeneously, leading to an increase in the quality of the beverage made. 
     Added to that is the fact that the filter of the capsule which is the subject of this invention, thanks to its shape and the presence of the above-mentioned openings, comprises a filtering surface greater than that of a common flat filter (the dimensions of the capsule being the same), while keeping the quantity of powdered food substance contained in it substantially unchanged. That allows improved filtering of the beverage. Finally, it should be noticed that this invention is relatively easy to produce and that even the cost linked to implementing the invention is not very high. 
     The invention described above may be modified and adapted in several ways without thereby departing from the scope of the inventive concept. Moreover, all details of the invention may be substituted with other technically equivalent elements and the materials used, as well as the shapes and dimensions of the various components, may vary according to requirements.