Patent Publication Number: US-2020278833-A1

Title: Audio based image capture settings

Description:
CLAIM OF PRIORITY 
     The present application for patent claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/811,838, entitled “AUDIO BASED IMAGE CAPTURE SETTINGS,” filed Feb. 28, 2019, assigned to the assignee hereof. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This disclosure generally relates to image capture settings, and more particularly, to techniques for determining image capture settings based on audio inputs. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Many electronic devices, such as smartphones, laptops, tablets, home security systems, automobiles, drones, and aircrafts, use one or more cameras to capture images and video. The one or more cameras may determine one or more image capture settings, such as an exposure setting for image brightness, a white balance gain so the colors of the image appear the same in the image as they would in the real world, and/or a lens position for correct focus. One or more processors may use the image capture settings for capturing and/or processing one or more frames and/or images. Determining and/or estimating image capture settings is a time consuming process because small adjustments to the image capture settings are applied in real time until a final determination is made. The delay in determining the image capture settings can be frustrating to a user because it may result in missed scenes or moments that passed while the device was determining the image capture settings. It is desirable to improve the speed and accuracy of determining image capture settings. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to methods and devices for audio based image capture settings. In one aspect a device may include a memory, a camera including a lens and a sensor, and a processor coupled to the camera and the memory. The processor may be configured to receive an audio input. The processor may be configured to determine contextual information based on the audio input. The processor may be configured to determine one or more image capture settings based on the contextual information. The processor may be configured to output the one or more image capture settings. The processor may be configured to cause the camera to capture an image using the one or more image capture settings. 
     In some aspects, the contextual information may include context associated with an environment the device is in. In some aspects, the contextual information may include one or more lighting conditions associated with an environment. In some aspects, the contextual information may include metadata associated with a current state of the device. In some aspects, the contextual information may include one or more keywords identified in the audio input. 
     In some aspects, the one or more image capture settings may include at least one of a white balance gain, one or more exposure settings, and a lens position. 
     Determining the one or more image capture settings may include determining the white balance gain. Determining the white balance gain may include determining current statistics associated with a current frame and determining the white balance gain based on the current statistics and one or more of the audio input and the contextual information. 
     In some aspects, outputting the one or more image capture settings may include applying the white balance gain to one or more subsequent frames. In some aspects, the processor may be configured to output the one or more subsequent frames with the applied white balance gain for display. 
     In some aspects, determining the one or more image capture settings may include determining the one or more exposure settings. Determining the one or more exposure settings may include determining current statistics associated with a current frame, determining a current sensor gain associated with the current frame, determining a current digital gain associated with the current frame, determining a current exposure time associated with the current frame, and determining the one or more exposure settings based on the current statistics, the current sensor gain, the current digital gain, the current exposure time, and one or more of the audio input and the contextual information. Determining the one or more exposure settings may include at least one of determining a subsequent sensor gain, determining a subsequent digital gain, and determining a subsequent exposure time. 
     In some aspects, outputting the one or more image capture settings may include applying the one or more exposure settings. Applying the one or more exposure settings may include at least one of applying the subsequent sensor gain when capturing one or more subsequent frames, applying the subsequent digital gain to the one or more subsequent frames, and applying the subsequent exposure time when capturing the one or more subsequent frames. In some aspects, the processor may be configured to output the one or more subsequent frames with the applied one or more exposure settings for display. 
     In some aspects, determining the one or more image capture settings may include determining the lens position based on one or more of the audio input and the contextual information. In some aspects, the processor may be configured to cause the camera to move a lens of the camera from a current lens position to the determined lens position. In some aspects, the lens position is an initial lens position. 
     In some aspects, the audio input and the contextual information may be stored in the memory for a period of time. Determining the one or more image capture settings based on the audio input may include determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of a camera application based on the audio input stored in the memory for the period of time. Determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application may include determining a white balance gain based on the audio input. Determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application may include determining one or more exposure settings based on the audio input. Determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application may include determining an initial lens position based on the audio input. 
     In some aspects, the device may include a display. In some aspects, the device may include a microphone. 
     In one example of the disclosure, a method may include receiving an audio input, determining one or more image capture settings based on the audio input, and outputting the one or more image capture settings. 
     In another example, this disclosure describes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed, causes one or more processors to receive an audio input, determine contextual information based on the audio input, determine one or more image capture settings based on the contextual information, and output the one or more image capture settings. 
     In a further aspect, a device is disclosed. The device may include means for receiving an audio input, means for determining contextual information based on the audio input, means for determining one or more image capture settings based on the contextual information, and means for outputting the one or more image capture settings. 
     The details of one or more examples are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages will be apparent from the description, drawings, and claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIGS. 1A-1B  depict example environments of a device. 
         FIGS. 2A-2B  depict examples of devices including a camera. 
         FIGS. 2C-2D  depict examples of devices including multiple cameras. 
         FIGS. 3A-3B  depict examples of smart home and/or connected home devices. 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram of an example device. 
         FIG. 5  is a block diagram showing the operation of an image signal processor pipeline. 
         FIG. 6  is a flow chart illustrating an example operation for determining image capture settings based on an audio input. 
         FIG. 7A  depicts a frame divided into a plurality of portions. 
         FIG. 7B  depicts an exemplary graph used to determine white balance gain. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Aspects of this disclosure, as will be described in further detail below, may include receiving an audio input, determining one or more image capture settings based on the audio input, and outputting the one or more image capture settings to one or more frames. 
     Electronic devices may include voice recognition functionality that can provide a variety of features and/or services in response to an audio input (e.g., spoken words and/or commands). Electronic devices that include intelligent automated assistants (e.g., virtual assistants), for example, allow users to interact with the electronic device using natural language in spoken form. For example, a user can access functionality of an electronic device by providing a spoken audio input in natural language form to a virtual assistant associated with the electronic device. One or more processors of the electronic device may perform natural language processing on the spoken audio input to interpret tasks or commands. The tasks may then be performed by executing one or more functions of the electronic device. 
     Virtual assistant interactions may be triggered in a variety of ways. In one example, a virtual assistant session may be initiated in response to detecting a spoken trigger. For example, the electronic device can listen for a trigger word or phrase such as “Assistant,” “Hey Assistant,” “Hi Assistant,” “Helper,” “Secretary,” or the like. Alternatively, the spoken trigger word or phrase can include commands, actions, queries, or other actionable words or phrases. For example, certain commands or questions can be used as spoken triggers to initiate actions (e.g., executing the associated commands or responding to questions). In some examples, application or program names may be used as spoken triggers to launch those applications. A user can say, for example, “When is my next meeting,” “What is the weather,” “What time is it,” “Launch the camera application,” “Camera,” “Email,” “Play music,” “Flashlight,” or any of a variety of other application names, phrases, and/or commands that can be recognized as spoken triggers to launch an application, execute a command, and/or respond to a query. In some examples, launching some applications, executing some commands, and/or responding to some queries may be done without fully initiating a session with a virtual assistant (e.g., without explicitly interacting with a virtual assistant by saying “Assistant” or the like prior to saying the application name, command and/or query. 
     As described above, it is understood that a variety of words, phrases, actions, commands, queries, and/or combinations thereof may be used as spoken triggers. The spoken triggers may vary based on user preferences, devices, and/or manufacturers. Because the spoken triggers may be spoken at any time, the electronic device must always be receiving an audio input including sounds of its surrounding environment. The electronic device may process the audio input to determine whether any trigger words, phrases, commands, and/or queries are included within the audio input. Alternatively, the electronic device may transmit the audio input to a remote device for the remote device to process the audio input. The electronic device may then receive any identified trigger words, phrases, commands, and/or queries from the remote device. In other words, the electronic device is always receiving sounds of its surrounding environment via one or more microphones. For example, the electronic device may receive a conversation between people near the electronic device. 
     In some examples, the electronic device may use the received sounds (e.g., an audio input) of its surrounding environment to determine contextual information. In this way, the electronic device may receive audio inputs other than just spoken words, for example, music playing, street noise, birds chirping, etc. The contextual information may be supplemented with metadata by utilizing other sensors, subsystems, and/or peripheral devices. For example, the electronic device may include one or more sensors or subsystems, including, but not limited to, a motion sensor, a light sensor, a positioning system (e.g., a GPS receiver), a temperature sensor, a biometric sensor, a gyroscope, a compass, an accelerometer, and the like. Using any of the sensors, subsystems, or peripheral devices, the contextual information may include metadata and/or information associated with the physical state of the electronic device (e.g., date, time, device orientation, device location, device temperature, exterior temperature, power level, speed, acceleration, motion, cellular strength, etc.). 
     Since the electronic device is always listening and processing/analyzing the audio input including sounds of its surrounding environment, even if a trigger word, phrase, command, or query is not identified as part of the audio input, the audio input may include helpful contextual information, as discussed above. In some cases, the audio input and/or contextual information may be provided to a third party application. The third party application may use the audio input and/or contextual information to provide a more personalized, targeted user experience (e.g., tailor ads and marketing to newsfeeds, etc.). 
     This disclosure describes techniques for using at least a part of an audio input to determine one or more image capture settings. At least a part of the audio input may include sounds and/or one or more keywords. As used herein, keywords may be identified words in the audio input or may include words associated with contextual information determined based on the audio input (e.g., if bird are chirping, one example keyword may include “outside”). As will be discussed in further detail below, one or more image capture settings may be determined based on the audio input and/or the contextual information determined from the audio input. 
     In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth such as examples of specific components, circuits, and processes to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. The term “coupled” as used herein means connected directly to or connected through one or more intervening components or circuits. Also, in the following description and for purposes of explanation, specific nomenclature is set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that these specific details may not be required to practice the teachings disclosed herein. In other instances, well-known circuits and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring teachings of the present disclosure. Some portions of the detailed descriptions which follow are presented in terms of procedures, logic blocks, processing and other symbolic representations of operations on data bits within a computer memory. These descriptions and representations are the means used by those skilled in the data processing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. In the present disclosure, a procedure, logic block, process, or the like, is conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of steps or instructions leading to a desired result. The steps are those requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, although not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated in a computer system. 
     All of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the following discussions, it is appreciated that throughout the present application, discussions utilizing the terms such as “causing,” “accessing,” “receiving,” “sending,” “using,” “selecting,” “determining,” “normalizing,” “multiplying,” “averaging,” “monitoring,” “comparing,” “applying,” “updating,” “measuring,” “deriving,” “estimating” or the like, refer to the actions and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system&#39;s registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices. 
     In the figures, a single block may be described as performing a function or functions; however, in actual practice, the function or functions performed by that block may be performed in a single component or across multiple components, and/or may be performed using hardware, using software, or using a combination of hardware and software. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are described below generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure. Also, the example devices may include components other than those shown, including well-known components such as a processor, memory, equivalents thereof, and the like. Aspects of the present disclosure are applicable to any suitable device (such as smartphones, tablets, laptop computers, digital cameras, web cameras, a security system, automobiles, drones, aircraft, and so on) having or coupled to one or more cameras. For multiple cameras, the cameras may include a primary camera and one or more auxiliary cameras with similar capabilities as the primary camera. For example, a device may include a dual camera module with two cameras. The camera(s) may be able to capture and process still images or video. While described below with respect to capturing and processing images, aspects of the present disclosure are applicable to capturing and processing video, and are therefore not limited to still images. 
       FIGS. 1A and 1B  depict an example environment in which an electronic device is physically located. As shown in  FIGS. 1A and 1B , two people  102 ,  104  may be in a room indoors. Electronic device  100  may be included within the room. The room includes at least one window  106  with curtains and/or blinds  108 . The curtains and/or blinds  108  may be open, as depicted in  FIG. 1A . Electronic device  100  (e.g., always-on listening device) may always be receiving audio inputs from its surrounding environment via one or more microphones (not shown). For example, the people  102 ,  104  in the room may be having a conversation, and person  102  may ask person  104  to close the curtains  108 . Electronic device  100  may receive the audio input including the instruction to close the curtains. 
     In some examples, electronic device  100  may process the audio input to determine contextual information about the surrounding environment of the electronic device  100 , including one or more lighting conditions of the environment. Alternatively, the electronic device  100  may transmit the audio input to a remote device and may receive the contextual information based on the audio input from the remote device. For example, one or more processors of electronic device  100  may receive the audio input including, at least, the words “close the curtains.” The one or more processors may determine contextual information about the environment based on the words “close the curtain.” For example, the contextual information associated with “close the curtains” may include a determination that the electronic device  100  is at least indoors and that after the curtains are closed, little to no daylight (if it is even daytime) will be entering the room via the window  106 . Prior to closing the curtain, without further audio inputs, such as “it&#39;s bright in here” or “turn on the lights,” electronic device  100  may not be able to determine current lighting conditions of the environment in the room with just “close the curtain.” However, electronic device  100  may determine that in the near future, the curtains will close, and little to no natural sunlight will be entering the room. Thus, the lighting condition of the room will likely be an artificial light source (e.g., incandescent lighting, fluorescent lighting, etc.) or shade. 
     The contextual information may be supplemented with metadata and/or may be based upon the audio input and metadata. For example, electronic device  100  may determine its location in the real world (e.g., city, state, country, etc.), a current local time, and/or current weather condition in the location in order to determine further contextual information, such as whether it is day time, night time, sunny, cloudy, etc. Alternatively, electronic device  100  may receive this additional contextual information and/or metadata from a remote device. Continuing with the example above, if the curtains are currently open, and the electronic device determines that it is day time and sunny, then the contextual information may further include that the surrounding environment of electronic device  100  in  FIG. 1A  is indoors with bright, natural light. However, electronic device  100  may determine that, based on the audio input including “close the curtains,” that the lighting conditions may change in the immediate future, such that the environment will have little to no natural light and will not be as bright. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1B , the curtains  108  are now closed and little to no natural light is entering the room from window  106 . Based on the audio input and/or the contextual information, electronic device  100  may determine one or more image capture settings for the camera of electronic device  100  for the environment of  FIG. 1B . For example, the electronic device  100  may determine one or more exposure settings (e.g., shutter speed and/or exposure time, aperture size, sensor gain, digital gain, ISO setting, etc.), white balance (e.g., illuminant, white balance gains, etc.), and/or focus settings (e.g., lens position, etc.) based on the audio input and/or the contextual information (e.g., indoors and change in lighting conditions). This may result in faster focus, faster convergence speed for a target exposure level, and/or a faster and/or more accurate white balance determination. 
       FIG. 2A  depicts an example device  200  including a camera  202  arranged in a first configuration, and  FIG. 2B  depicts an example device  210  including a camera  212  arranged in a second configuration.  FIG. 2C  depicts an example device  220  including a dual camera with a first camera  222  and a second camera  224  arranged in a first configuration, and  FIG. 2D  depicts an example device  230  including a dual camera with a first camera  232  and a second camera  234  arranged in a second configuration. In some aspects, one of the cameras (such as the first cameras  222  and  232  of respective devices  220  and  230 ) may be a primary camera, and the other of the cameras (such as the second cameras  224  and  234  respective devices  220  and  230 ) may be an auxiliary camera. The second cameras  224  and  234  may have the same characteristics and capabilities (such as the same focal length, same capture rate, same resolution, same color palette, and the same field of view or capture) as the first cameras  222  and  232 , respectively. Alternatively, the second cameras  224  and  234  may have different characteristics and abilities than the first cameras  222  and  232 , respectively. Although the first cameras  222 ,  232  and second cameras  224 ,  234  are depicted in  FIGS. 2C and 2D  as being disposed on a common side of example devices  220  and  230 , it will be understood that in some implementations a first camera can be disposed so as to face a different direction than a second camera. Thus, techniques and aspects disclosed herein can be implemented using a front facing camera and a rear facing camera. Similarly, the techniques and aspects disclosed herein can be applied in devices having other camera configurations, for example, 360 degree capture devices having at least one camera with a field-of-view that at least partially overlaps or at least abuts a field-of-view of a second camera. Any configuration of cameras may be used, and the disclosure should not be limited to the illustrated examples in  FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D . 
       FIGS. 3A and 3B  depict example smart home and/or connected home devices. Smart home and/or connected home devices may include surveillance devices. While  FIG. 3A  depicts smart home device  300  with a display  302  and camera  304 , techniques and aspects disclosed herein can be implemented using any smart home device.  FIG. 3B  depicts a connected home device  310  that is different than smart home device  300 . As shown, connected home device  310  does not include a display, but does include camera  312 . While not shown in  FIGS. 3A and/or 3B , smart home and/or connected home devices  300 ,  310  may include a microphone. These are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be a limitation of this disclosure. 
     The term “electronic device” and/or “device” may be used interchangeably herein and is not limited to one or a specific number of physical objects (such as one smartphone). As used herein, a device may be any electronic device with multiple parts that may implement at least some portions of this disclosure. In one example, a device may be a video security system including one or more hubs and one or more separate cameras. In another example, a device may be a computer. In another example, a device may be a smartphone including two cameras such as, for example, the example devices  220  and  230  of  FIGS. 2C and 2D , respectively. While the below description and examples use the term “device” to describe various aspects of this disclosure, the term “device” is not limited to a specific configuration, type, or number of objects. 
       FIG. 4  is a block diagram of an example device  400  that may be used to determine one or more capture settings based on an audio input. Device  400  may include or may be coupled to a camera  402 , and may further include a processor  406 , a memory  408  storing instructions  410 , a camera controller  412 , a display  416 , and a number of input/output (I/O) components  418  including one or more microphones (not shown). The example device  400  may be any suitable device capable of capturing and/or storing images or video including, for example, wired and wireless communication devices (such as camera phones, smartphones, tablets, security systems, smart home devices, connected home devices, surveillance devices, internet protocol (IP) devices, dash cameras, laptop computers, desktop computers, automobiles, drones, aircraft, and so on), digital cameras (including still cameras, video cameras, and so on), or any other suitable device. The device  220  may include additional features or components not shown. For example, a wireless interface, which may include a number of transceivers and a baseband processor, may be included for a wireless communication device. Device  400  may include or may be coupled to additional cameras other than the camera  402 . The disclosure should not be limited to any specific examples or illustrations, including the example device  400 . 
     Camera  402  may be capable of capturing individual image frames (such as still images) and/or capturing video (such as a succession of captured image frames). Camera  402  may include one or more image sensors (not shown for simplicity) and shutters for capturing an image frame and providing the captured image frame to camera controller  412 . Although a single camera  402  is shown, any number of cameras or camera components may be included and/or coupled to device  400  (such as  FIGS. 2C and 2D ). For example, the number of cameras may be increased to achieve greater depth determining capabilities or better resolution for a given FOV. 
     Memory  408  may be a non-transient or non-transitory computer readable medium storing computer-executable instructions  410  to perform all or a portion of one or more operations described in this disclosure. Device  400  may also include a power supply  420 , which may be coupled to or integrated into the device  400 . 
     Processor  406  may be one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs (such as the instructions  410 ) stored within memory  408 . In some aspects, processor  406  may be one or more general purpose processors that execute instructions  410  to cause device  400  to perform any number of functions or operations. In additional or alternative aspects, processor  406  may include integrated circuits or other hardware to perform functions or operations without the use of software. While shown to be coupled to each other via processor  406  in the example of  FIG. 4 , processor  406 , memory  408 , camera controller  412 , display  416 , and I/O components  418  may be coupled to one another in various arrangements. For example, processor  406 , memory  408 , camera controller  412 , display  416 , and/or I/O components  418  may be coupled to each other via one or more local buses (not shown for simplicity). 
     Display  416  may be any suitable display or screen allowing for user interaction and/or to present items (such as captured images and/or videos) for viewing by the user. In some aspects, display  416  may be a touch-sensitive display. Display  416  may be part of or external to device  400 . Display  416  may comprise an LCD, LED, OLED, or similar display. I/O components  418  may be or may include any suitable mechanism or interface to receive input (such as commands) from the user and/or to provide output to the user. For example, I/O components  418  may include (but are not limited to) a graphical user interface, keyboard, mouse, microphone and speakers, and so on. 
     Camera controller  412  may include an image signal processor  414 , which may be (or may include) one or more image signal processors to process captured image frames or videos provided by camera  402 . For example, image signal processor  414  may be configured to perform various processing operations for automatic focus (AF), automatic white balance (AWB), and/or automatic exposure (AE) that are described herein. Examples of image processing operations include, but are not limited to, cropping, scaling (e.g., to a different resolution), image stitching, image format conversion, color interpolation, image interpolation, color processing, image filtering (e.g., spatial image filtering), and/or the like. 
     In some example implementations, camera controller  412  (such as the image signal processor  414 ) may implement various functionality, including imaging processing and/or control operation of camera  402 . In some aspects, image signal processor  414  may execute instructions from a memory (such as instructions  410  stored in memory  408  or instructions stored in a separate memory coupled to image signal processor  414 ) to control image processing and/or operation of camera  402 . In other aspects, image signal processor  414  may include specific hardware to control image processing and/or operation of camera  402 . Image signal processor  414  may alternatively or additionally include a combination of specific hardware and the ability to execute software instructions. 
     While not shown in  FIG. 4 , in some implementations, image signal processor  414  and/or camera controller  412  may include an AF module, an AWB module, and/or an AE module. Image signal processor  414  and/or camera controller  412  may be configured to execute an AF process, an AWB process, and/or an AE process. In some examples, image signal processor  414  and/or camera controller  412  may include hardware-specific circuits (e.g., an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)) configured to perform the AF, AWB, and/or AE processes. In other examples, image signal processor  414  and/or camera controller  412  may be configured to execute software and/or firmware to perform the AF, AWB, and/or AE processes. When configured in software, code for the AF, AWB, and/or AE processes may be stored in memory (such as instructions  410  stored in memory  408  or instructions stored in a separate memory coupled to image signal processor  414  and/or camera controller  412 ). In other examples, image signal processor  414  and/or camera controller  412  may perform the AF, AWB, and/or AE processes using a combination of hardware, firmware, and/or software. When configured as software, AF, AWB, and/or AE processes may include instructions that configure image signal processor  414  and/or camera controller  412  to perform various image processing and device managements tasks, including the techniques of this disclosure. 
       FIG. 5  is a block diagram showing the operation of an image signal processor determining one or more image capture settings in more detail. Image signal processor  414  may be configured to execute an image signal processing (ISP) pipeline  502  to process input image data. 
     In the example of  FIG. 5 , ISP  414  may receive input image data from camera  402  of  FIG. 4  and/or an image sensor (not shown) of camera  402 . In some examples, such as shown in  FIG. 5 , the input image data may include color data of the image/frame and/or any other data (e.g., depth data). In the example of  FIG. 5 , the color data received for the input image data may be in a Bayer format. Rather than capturing red (R), green (G), and blue (B) values for each pixel of an image, image sensors (e.g., an image sensor of camera  402 ) may use a Bayer filter mosaic (or more generally, a color filter array (CFA)), where each photosensor of a digital image sensor captures a different one of the RGB colors. Typical filter patterns for a Bayer filter mosaic may include 50% green filters, 25% red filters, and 25% blue filters, but this is for exemplary purposes only and is not meant to be a limitation of this disclosure. 
     Bayer processing unit  510  may perform one or more initial processing techniques on the raw Bayer data received by ISP  414 , including, for example, subtraction, rolloff correction, bad pixel correction, black level compensation, and/or denoising. 
     Stats screening process  512  may determine Bayer grade or Bayer grid (BG) statistics of the received input image data. In some examples, BG statistics may include a red color to green color ratio (R/G) (which may indicate whether a red tinting exists and the magnitude of the red tinting that may exist in an image) and/or a blue color to green color ratio (B/G) (which may indicate whether a blue tinting exists and the magnitude of the blue tinting that may exist in an image). For example, the (R/G) for an image or a portion/region of an image may be depicted by equation (1) below: 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     R 
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                           1 
                         
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                         Red 
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                           ( 
                           n 
                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         Σ 
                         
                           n 
                           = 
                           1 
                         
                         N 
                       
                        
                       
                         Green 
                          
                         
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                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
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                   1 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     where the image or a portion/region of the image includes pixels  1 -N, each pixel n includes a red value Red(n), a blue value Blue(n), or a green value Green(n) in an RGB space. The (R/G) is the sum of the red values for the red pixels in the image divided by the sum of the green values for the green pixels in the image. Similarly, the (B/G) for the image or a portion/region of the image may be depicted by equation (2) below: 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
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                         Blue 
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                         Green 
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                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In some other example implementations, a different color space may be used, such as Y′UV, with chrominance values UV indicating the color, and/or other indications of a tinting or other color temperature effect for an image may be determined. 
     AWB module and/or process  504  may analyze information relating to the received image data to determine an illuminant of the scene, from among a plurality of possible illuminants, and may determine an AWB gain to apply to the received image and/or a subsequent image based on the determined illuminant. White balance is a process used to try to match colors of an image with a user&#39;s perceptual experience of the object being captured. As an example, the white balance process may be designed to make white objects actually appear white in the processed image and gray objects actually appear gray in the processed image. 
     An illuminant may include a lighting condition, a type of light, etc. of the scene being captured. In some examples, a user of an image capture device (e.g., such as device  400  of  FIG. 4 ) may select or indicate an illuminant under which an image was captured. In other examples, the image capture device itself may automatically determine the most likely illuminant and perform white balancing based on the determined illuminant (e.g., lighting condition). In order to better render the colors of a scene in a captured image or video, an AWB algorithm on a device and/or camera may attempt to determine the illuminants of the scene and set/adjust the white balance of the image or video accordingly. 
     Device  400 , during the AWB process  504 , may determine or estimate a color temperature for a received frame (e.g., image). The color temperature may indicate a dominant color tone for the image. The true color temperature for a scene being captured in a video or image is the color of the light sources for the scene. If the light is radiation emitted from a perfect blackbody radiator (theoretically ideal for all electromagnetic wavelengths) at a particular color temperature (represented in Kelvin (K)), and the color temperatures are known, then the color temperature for the scene is known. For example, in a Commission Internationale de l&#39;éclairage (CIE) defined color space (from 1931), the chromaticity of radiation from a blackbody radiator with temperatures from 1,000 to 20,000 K is the Planckian locus. Colors on the Planckian locus from approximately 2,000 K to 20,000 K are considered white, with 2,000 K being a warm or reddish white and 20,000 K being a cool or bluish white. Many incandescent light sources include a Planckian radiator (tungsten wire or another filament to glow) that emits a warm white light with a color temperature of approximately 2,400 to 3,100 K. 
     However, other light sources, such as fluorescent lights, discharge lamps, or light emitting diodes (LEDs), are not perfect blackbody radiators whose radiation falls along the Planckian locus. For example, an LED or a neon sign emit light through electroluminescence, and the color of the light does not follow the Planckian locus. The color temperature determined for such light sources may be a correlated color temperature (CCT). The CCT is the estimated color temperature for light sources whose colors do not fall exactly on the Planckian locus. For example, the CCT of a light source is the blackbody color temperature that is closest to the radiation of the light source. CCT may also be denoted in K. 
     CCT may be an approximation of the true color temperature for the scene. For example, the CCT may be a simplified color metric of chromaticity coordinates in the CIE 1931 color space. Many devices may use AWB to estimate a CCT for color balancing. 
     The CCT may be a temperature rating from warm colors (such as yellows and reds below 3200 K) to cool colors (such as blue above 4000 K). The CCT (or other color temperature) may indicate the tinting that will appear in an image captured using such light sources. For example, a CCT of 2700 K may indicate a red tinting, and a CCT of 5000 K may indicate a blue tinting. 
     Different lighting sources or ambient lighting may illuminate a scene, and the color temperatures may be unknown to the device. As a result, the device may analyze data captured by the image sensor to estimate a color temperature for an image (e.g., a frame). For example, the color temperature may be an estimation of the overall CCT of the light sources for the scene in the image. The data captured by the image sensor used to estimate the color temperature for a frame (e.g., image) may be the captured image itself. 
     After device  400  determines a color temperature for the scene (such as during performance of AWB), device  400  may use the color temperature to determine a color balance for correcting any tinting in the image. For example, if the color temperature indicates that an image includes a red tinting, device  400  may decrease the red value or increase the blue value for each pixel of the image, e.g., in an RGB space. The color balance may be the color correction (such as the values to reduce the red values or increase the blue values). 
     Example inputs to AWB process  504  may include the Bayer grade or Bayer grid (BG) statistics of the received image data determined via stats screening process  512 , an exposure index (e.g., the brightness of the scene of the received image data), and auxiliary information, which may include the contextual information of the scene based on the audio input (as will be discussed in further detail below), depth information, etc. It should be noted that AWB process  504  may be included within camera controller  412  of  FIG. 4  as a separate AWB module. 
     AE process  506  may include instructions for configuring, calculating, and/or storing an exposure setting of camera  402  of  FIG. 4 . An exposure setting may include an amount of sensor gain to be applied, an amount of digital gain to be applied, shutter speed and/or exposure time, an aperture setting, and/or an ISO setting to use to capture subsequent images. As will be discussed in further detail below, AE process  506  may use the audio input and/or the contextual information of the scene based on the audio input to determine and/or apply exposure settings faster. It should be noted that AE process  506  may be included within camera controller  412  of  FIG. 4  as a separate AE module. 
     AF process  508  may include instructions for configuring, calculating and/or storing an auto focus setting of camera  402  of  FIG. 4 . As will be discussed in further detail below, AF process  508  may determine the auto focus setting (e.g., an initial lens position, a final lens position, etc.) based on the audio input and/or the contextual information of the scene based on the audio input. It should be noted that AF process  508  may be included within camera controller  412  of  FIG. 4  as a separate AF module. 
     Demosaic processing unit  514  may be configured to convert the processed Bayer image data into RGB values for each pixel of an image. As explained above, Bayer data may only include values for one color channel (R, G, or B) for each pixel of the image. Demosaic processing unit  514  may determine values for the other color channels of a pixel by interpolating from color channel values of nearby pixels. In some ISP pipelines  402 , demosaic processing unit  514  may come before AWB, AE, and/or AF processes  504 ,  506 ,  508  or after AWB, AE, and/or AF processes  504 ,  506 ,  508 . 
     Other processing unit  516  may apply additional processing to the image after AWB, AE, and/or AF processes  504 ,  506 ,  508  and/or demosaic processing unit  514 . The additional processing may include color, tone, and/or spatial processing of the image. 
       FIG. 6  is an illustrative flow chart depicting an example of a method  600  for determining image capture settings based on an audio input. Method  600  may be stored as instructions  410  within memory  408  of  FIG. 4 . Method  600  may be executed by one or more processors (e.g., processor  406 , camera controller  412 , and/or image signal processor  414  as shown in  FIG. 4 , and/or other processors not shown in  FIG. 4 ). 
     At block  602 , method  600  may receive an audio input. The audio input may be received via one or more microphones. As discussed above, the device (e.g., device  400  of  FIG. 4 ) may include one or more microphones. The device may always receive audio inputs of its surrounding environment via the one or more microphones. The audio inputs may include, but is not limited to, speech, music, and/or ambient noises/sounds, such as street noise. 
     At block  604 , method  600  may determine contextual information based on the audio input. Determining contextual information may include processing the audio input to analyze the audio input for the contextual information. In some examples, the audio input and/or the contextual information may include one or more keywords. One or more processors and/or hardware accelerators of the device may determine the contextual information and/or keywords based on the audio input. The contextual information may include data that gives context to the environment in which the device is in. For example, contextual information may include data about the environment such as whether the device is indoors or outdoors and what the lighting conditions of the environment may be (e.g., low light, incandescent, fluorescent, sunlight, bright, shade, etc.). While the contextual information may be determined from the audio input alone, in some examples, the contextual information may be determined from various sensors, subsystems, and/or peripheral devices that gather additional information and/or metadata about the surrounding environment of the device. For example, the device may include one or more sensors or subsystems, including, but not limited to, a motion sensor, a light sensor, a positioning system (e.g., a GPS receiver), a temperature sensor, a biometric sensor, a gyroscope, a compass, an accelerometer, and the like. Using any of the sensors, subsystems, or peripheral devices, metadata associated with the physical state of the device (e.g., date, time, device orientation, device location in the real world, device temperature, exterior temperature, power level, speed, acceleration, motion, cellular strength, etc.) may be determined. In this manner, the contextual information may be determined based on the audio input and the metadata. For example, the metadata may provide information such as whether the device is moving at a particular speed in a specific location in the real world, what the current local time is where the device is located, and/or what the current weather conditions are where the device is located. 
     A list of contextual information and/or keywords that device  400  may use to determine one or more image capture settings based on the audio input may be stored in memory (e.g., memory  408  of  FIG. 4 ). The audio input and/or the contextual information may be stored in a lookup table. The audio input and/or the contextual information may be encoded into combinations that may be meaningful to different applications of device  400  (e.g., camera, etc.). In some cases, the audio input and/or contextual information is stored for a period of time before being overwritten by a current audio input and/or contextual information determined from the current audio input. For example, the period of time may be 10 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, 2 minutes, etc. The period of time may vary based on user preferences, the audio input and/or the contextual information being stored, the application that may request or require the audio input and/or the contextual information, and/or the device itself. 
     The audio input and/or the contextual information may be provided to camera controller  412  and/or ISP  414  of  FIG. 4 . In some cases, all of the audio input, keywords, and/or the contextual information (encoded or not encoded)) that are determined may be output to camera controller  412  and/or ISP  414  as an input to use to determine the one or more image capture settings. In other cases, only a subset of the audio input, keywords, and/or the contextual information (encoded or not encoded) that are determined may be output to camera controller  412  and/or ISP  414  as an input to use to determine the one or more image capture settings. For example, all of the audio input, the contextual information, and/or keywords may be provided to camera controller  412  and/or the ISP  414  in real time and/or within a threshold period of time (which may be the same as or different as the period of time discussed above) and/or a subset of the audio input, the contextual information and/or keywords may be provided to camera controller  412  and/or the ISP  414  in real time and/or within a threshold period of time. The subset of the audio input, the contextual information and/or keywords may include the contextual information and/or keywords that may help determine the one or more image capture settings. For example, birds chirping may indicate that the device is either indoors with the windows open or is outdoors, while music alone may not necessarily help determine the one or more image capture settings. In some cases, camera controller  412  and/or ISP  414  may request the audio input, the contextual information, and/or keywords (encoded or not encoded) when a camera application is launched and/or initialized. In other cases, if the camera application is currently open, the audio input, the contextual information, and/or keywords may be received first at initialization and in real time thereafter, or first at initialization and then periodically thereafter. Alternatively, the audio input, the contextual information, and/or keywords may be received by camera controller  412  and/or ISP  414  first at initialization and then when a change in the environment is detected based on the audio input, the contextual information, and/or keywords after initialization. 
     At block  606 , method  600  may determine one or more image capture settings based on the audio input and/or the contextual information. The audio input and/or the contextual information may include one or more keywords. The one or more image capture settings may be determined periodically and/or in real time or near real time while the camera application is open/active. The one or more image capture settings may be determined after a camera application has been initialized. The one or more image capture settings may be determined upon initialization of the camera application based on the audio input, the contextual information, and/or keywords stored in the memory for the period of time, as discussed above. 
     The one or more image capture settings may be determined periodically and/or in real time or near real time while the camera application is open/active. The one or more image capture settings may include at least one of a white balance gain, an exposure setting, and/or a lens position. A first frame may be received via camera  402  of  FIG. 4  in or near real-time. The first frame may or may not be stored in permanent memory (e.g., memory  408  of  FIG. 4  or external memory not shown in  FIG. 4 ). The first frame may include a preview frame as part of a preview stream that may be displayed via a display associated with device  400  (e.g., a preview frame displayed via display  416  of  FIG. 4 ). The first frame may include a frame (e.g., image) to be captured by device  400  (e.g., an image to be stored in memory  408  and/or a photo library for later access by a user). The first frame may include a field of view of device  400 . The first frame may be the first frame of a plurality of frames (e.g., a plurality of frames being received at device  400  for preview, image capture, or video capture). For example, the first frame may be the first frame received at device  400  after accessing and/or opening camera  402  and/or a camera application of device  400 . Alternatively, the first frame may be any frame within a plurality of frames received at device  400  (e.g., for preview, image capture, or video capture). 
     Determining one or more image capture settings may include determining a white balance gain. As described above, determining the white balance gain based on a current frame (e.g., the first frame) may include determining current statistics associated with the current frame and determining the white balance gain based on the current statistics and the audio input and/or the contextual information (which may include keywords). 
     Determining current statistics associated with the current frame (e.g., the first frame) may be determined in a similar manner as described above with reference to stats screening process  512  of  FIG. 5 . Referring to  FIG. 7A , the current frame  700  (e.g., the first frame) may be divided into portions  702   a - 702   n  (e.g., 3,072 portions, or any other number of portions, including 1 portion as the entire frame). The current statistics may include BG stats (e.g., R/G and B/G). The R/G and the B/G may be calculated for each portion  702   a - 702   n . For example, if the current frame  700  is divided into 3,072 portions, then 3,072 pairs of BG stats (e.g., 3,072 R/G stats and 3,072 B/G stats) may be determined for the current frame. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7B , graph  704  depicts an example distribution of the R/G versus the B/G for some portions  702   a - 702   n  of current frame  700  of  FIG. 7A . While any white balance algorithm may be used to determine white balance gains and/or color correction based on the current statistics, one technique may include the “gray world assumption”, which assumes that any scene is a neutral gray. That is, under the “gray world assumption”, all the colors in a frame (e.g., image) should average out to a neutral gray. The distribution of BG stats (e.g., an example distribution is shown in  FIG. 7B ) may include different regions of the distribution (e.g., different regions in graph  704 ) they may be defined as “gray zones” for different illuminants. For example, the most likely illuminant of the image may be determined based on the illuminant for which the most BG stats fall within a defined region or zone. For example, graph  704  may include a gray zone (e.g., gray zone  706 ). Gray zone  706  may be used to estimate an illuminant based on the current statistics. In one example, incandescent lighting (such as having a color temperature of 2400 K) may cause measurements (e.g., statistics) for portions of the image to be located in graph  704  farther away from the B/G axis. In another example, fluorescent lighting (such as having a color temperature of 4100 K) may cause measurements (e.g., statistics) for portions of the image to be located in graph  704  closer to the B/G axis. In this manner, if the device determines that a cluster of portions (such as having a number of points greater than a threshold within a range of R/G to B/G) is near a location for a type of lighting, the device may determine the color temperature for the current frame to be near or approximate to the color temperature for the illuminant (e.g., incandescent lighting, fluorescent lighting, shade, etc.). As discussed above, this is for exemplary purposes only and is not meant to be a limitation of this disclosure. As such, any white balance algorithm may be used. 
     The white balance gain may be determined based on the current statistics and the audio input and/or the contextual information. While the current statistics may indicate the most likely illuminant for a scene or environment being captured, more than one illuminant may be identified, thus causing ambiguities in illuminant selection or the most likely illuminant may be inaccurate. To alleviate the ambiguities in illuminant selection, weight values may be assigned to various illuminants based on the audio input and/or the contextual information. In this manner, device  400  may use the current statistics with a probability, as indicated by the weight value, that a particular illuminant is likely to be close to the actual illuminant of the scene/environment. For example, the audio input and/or the contextual information may provide a relative likelihood of whether device  400  at the time or near the time at which the current frame was received and/or captured is indoors or outdoors. Based on the audio input and/or the contextual information indicating that device  400  is outdoors while capturing the current frame, relatively higher weight values may be assigned to outdoor illuminants than indoor illuminants. Alternatively, based on the audio input and/or the contextual information indicating that device  400  is indoors while capturing the current frame, relatively higher weight values may be assigned to indoor illuminants than outdoor illuminants. 
     For example, perhaps the current statistics for the current frame indicate that the same or near same (e.g., within a threshold) number of statistics exist for a sunny midday illuminant as for a shade illuminant (e.g., the shade illuminant could be indoors or outdoors). However, the audio input and/or the contextual information received at or near the time at which the current frame was received indicates that device  400  is outdoors (e.g., street noise, wind noise, etc.). As such, higher weight values may be assigned to outdoor illuminants than indoor illuminants, resulting in the sunny midday illuminant having a higher weight than the shade illuminant. 
     Continuing with this example, if device  400  receives an audio input of a conversation including the words “let&#39;s go in the shade” “let&#39;s go under the tree,” device  400  may determine the contextual information of the surrounding environment of device  400  may change in the near future. Based on the fact that the device is outdoors, as previously determined, and with the new contextual information indicating that device  400  may be moving to a shaded area (e.g., either by the words indicating shade or under the tree), a higher weight value may be assigned to the shade illuminant than the sunny midday illuminant. Based on the higher weight value assigned to the shade illuminant, device  400  may determine white balance gains based on the shade illuminant. Device  400  may apply the white balance gains to the current frame and/or to one or more subsequent frames. 
     Device  400  may select the most likely illuminant based on current statistics and the applied weight values. Device  400  may then determine the white balance gain to apply to the current frame or a subsequent frame after the current frame based on the most likely illuminant. 
     In some examples, the assigned weight values may gradually change over time. For example, if at time t when the current frame was received, a first weight value is assigned to the sunny midday illuminant and a second weight value is assigned to the shade illuminant, where the first weight value is greater than the second weight value, and a few seconds later, new (e.g., current) contextual information indicates that the lighting conditions of the surrounding environment of device  400  may change in the near future to a shade illuminant, but has not actually changed yet based on continuously received frames, the weight values associated with the sunny midday illuminant, the shade illuminant, and/or other illuminants may gradually change over time such that smaller and smaller weight values may be assigned to the sunny midday illuminant and greater and greater weight values may be assigned to the shade illuminant over time as device  400  moves to the shaded area, as indicated by the audio input. In this manner, white balance gains associated with the shade illuminant or white balance gains associated with an illuminant more similar to the shade illuminant than the sunny midday illuminant may be determined and/or applied to frames being received at device  400  by the time device  400  is moved into the shade. The determined white balance gains and/or most likely illuminant may be stored to memory (e.g., memory  408  of  FIG. 4 ). 
     Determining one or more image capture settings may include determining one or more exposure settings. The one or more exposure settings may include at least one of an ISO setting, a shutter speed and/or an exposure time, an aperture size, a sensor gain, and/or a digital gain. The ISO setting may indicate the sensitivity of the image sensor, with a higher value indicating higher sensitivity for the image sensor. The shutter speed may indicate the number of frames that can be captured in a second, the amount of time before closing the shutter of a camera, or some other measurement of time indicating the amount of time the image sensor is exposed (e.g., exposure time) for receiving light through the aperture. The aperture size may be a number or value to indicate the size of the aperture. The value may indicate a specific size of the aperture or indicate the size of the aperture relative to the size of the image sensor. The sensor gain may be a multiplier applied at the image sensor that amplifies light levels received at the image sensor. The digital gain may be a multiplier applied by the camera controller  412 , ISP  414 , and/or AE process/module  506  to amplify the light levels of the image during image processing. 
     Determining the one or more exposure settings may include determining current statistics associated with a current frame (e.g., the first frame from the example above), determining a current sensor gain associated with the current frame, determining a current digital gain associated with the current frame, determining a current exposure time associated with the current frame, and determining the one or more exposure settings based on the current statistics, the current sensor gain, the current digital gain, the current exposure time, and the audio input and/or the contextual information. The current statistics associated with the current frame may be the same as the current statistics determined above with reference to stats screening process  512 . The current sensor gain, the current digital gain, and the current exposure time and/or shutter speed associated with the current frame may be known parameters. Determining known parameters of one or more current exposure settings associated with the current frame may include the camera controller  412  and/or ISP  414  receiving the known parameters as input with the input image data, receiving the known parameters from memory, receiving the known parameters from AE process  506 , and/or by other means. The device may use the known parameters along with the current statistics associated with the current frame to determine one or more exposure settings based on the audio input and/or the contextual information. 
     Determining one or more exposure settings based on the audio input and/or the contextual information may include determining one or more of a subsequent sensor gain, a subsequent digital gain, and/or a subsequent exposure time. Device  400  may have a target luma value for incoming frames indicating the target brightness of the incoming frames. If the incoming frames do not match with the target luma value, changes in one or more exposure settings may be made until the target luma value is reached in subsequent frames. The target luma value may be based on the BG stats. For example, if the target luma value is 50, but the current luma value based on the current statistics associated with the current frame is  200 , and the current sensor gain, the current digital gain, and the current exposure time is known, device  400  may adjust one or more of the exposure settings to reach the target luma value of 50 for one or more subsequent frames. For example, device  400  may determine that a subsequent sensor gain to be applied at the sensor should be 4 times less than the current sensor gain (e.g., 200/50=4). Device  400  may further determine that a subsequent digital gain to be applied by ISP  414  should be 4 times greater than the current digital gain. In some examples, until the brightness of the current frame actually begins to change as compared to a previous frame, the subsequent sensor gain and the subsequent digital gain should be inversely proportional to one another to ensure that the overall total sensitivity based on the sensor gain and the digital gain is the same. In the example above, the subsequent sensor gain is determined to be 4 times less, and the subsequent digital gain is determined to be 4 times greater, which is inversely proportional to the subsequent sensor gain. When the brightness of the current frame begins to change as compared to a previous frame, different amounts of gain may be determined for the sensor gain and the digital gain such that they are not inversely proportional to each other and the total sensitivity based on the sensor gain and the digital gain may be changed. 
     Determining the one or more exposure settings may include determining a subsequent exposure time. Using the example above, if the current exposure time is known and the target luma value is 50, but the current luma value based on the current statistics is  200 , device  400  may determine to adjust the exposure time for capturing one or more subsequent frames. For example, determining the subsequent exposure time for the example above may include reducing the exposure time when capturing the one or more subsequent frames. Because the current luma value is higher than the target luma value, the current frame may be brighter than the target brightness, and so reducing the exposure time (and/or the shutter speed) for capturing one or more subsequent frames in addition to or independent of adjusting the sensor gain and/or the digital gain may reduce the overall brightness of the one or more subsequent frames. 
     Determining the one or more exposure settings (e.g., one or more of the subsequent sensor gain, the subsequent digital gain, and/or one or more of the shutter speed and/or the exposure time) may include determining the one or more exposure settings based on the current statistics, the current sensor gain, the current digital gain, the current exposure time, and the audio input and/or the contextual information. For example, if the current frame is currently at the target brightness and device  400  receives an audio input including a conversation in the surrounding environment that includes the words “turn on the light,” or “open the curtains,” the device may determine that in a short period of time, the lighting conditions of the environment/scene may change to a brighter state. As such, device  400  may determine, based on the audio input and/or the contextual information, a subsequent sensor gain, a subsequent digital gain, and/or a subsequent exposure time and/or shutter speed based on the indication that the environment may be brighter in the near future. In this manner, device  400  may determine to reduce the sensor gain as compared to the current sensor gain, increase the digital gain as compared to the current digital gain, and/or adjust the shutter speed and/or the exposure time to a shorter exposure time in preparation for the brighter environment. The adjustments may be made immediately or the adjustments may happen gradually over time until the lighting conditions actually change. In this manner, by the time the light turns on or the curtains are opened, the camera and/or device is already in a state with adjusted exposure settings such that either the sensor does not saturate due to the drastic change in lighting and/or when the light conditions do change, final exposure settings may be determined faster than waiting to make any adjustments at all until the lighting conditions actually change. Alternatively, if the audio input includes the words “turn off the light” or “close the curtains,” the device may make gradual adjustments to one or more exposure settings to compensate for an upcoming change of lighting conditions for less light (e.g., longer exposure time and/or higher shutter speed, higher sensor gain, lower digital gain, etc.). 
     Determining the one or more exposure settings may include determining a subsequent aperture size and/or a subsequent ISO setting based on the audio input and/or the contextual information. Similarly as above, based on the current statistics associated with the current frame and/or one or more other known parameters of the one or more exposure settings and the known target luma value, device  400  may determine a subsequent aperture size and/or a subsequent ISO setting based on the audio input and/or the contextual information for capturing one or more subsequent frames. The determined one or more exposure settings (e.g., the one or more subsequent exposure settings) may be stored to memory (e.g., memory  408  of  FIG. 4 ). 
     Determining the one or more image capture settings based on the audio input and/or the contextual information may include determining a lens position based on the audio input and/or the contextual information. For example, if the audio input includes the words “let&#39;s go outside,” then the device may determine that in the near future, device  400  may be moving from indoors to outdoors. In this manner, device  400  may determine that a current lens position of the camera (e.g., camera  402  of  FIG. 4 ) should move to a lens position for an outdoors landscape where regions of interest may be farther away from device  400  and/or camera  402  than in an indoor setting. The adjustment may occur immediately or gradually over time. Alternatively, if the audio input includes the words “let&#39;s go inside,” then device  400  may determine that in a short period of time, device will be moving from outdoors to indoors. In this manner, device  400  may determine that a current lens position of camera  402  should move to a lens position for indoor image capture where regions of interest may be closer to camera  402  and/or device  400  than in an outdoor setting. While further adjustments to the lens position may be made at the time of capturing an image, the lens may be moved to a position closer to the final lens position based on the audio input, resulting in a faster autofocus process than waiting to move the lens until the user is ready to capture an image. The determined lens position may be stored to memory (e.g., memory  408  of  FIG. 4 ). 
     At block  608 , method  600  may output the one or more image capture settings. The one or more image capture settings may include one or more of the determined white balance gains, the one or more determined exposure settings (e.g., the one or more subsequent exposure settings), and/or the determined lens position. Outputting the one or more image capture settings may include applying the white balance gain to the current frame and/or one or more subsequent frames. Outputting the one or more image capture settings may include storing the white balance gain to memory. Outputting the one or more image capture settings may include applying the one or more exposure settings. Applying the one or more exposure settings may include one or more of applying the subsequent sensor gain when capturing one or more subsequent frames, applying the subsequent digital gain to one or more subsequent frames, applying the subsequent exposure time and/or shutter speed when capturing one or more subsequent frames (e.g., adjusting the current shutter speed and/or exposure time to the subsequent shutter speed and/or subsequent exposure time), applying the subsequent aperture size (e.g., adjusting the current aperture size to the subsequent aperture size), and/or applying the subsequent ISO setting (e.g., adjusting the current ISO setting to the subsequent ISO setting). Outputting the one or more image capture settings may include storing the one or more exposure settings to memory. Outputting the one or more image capture settings may include applying the lens position (e.g., adjusting a current lens position of the camera to a subsequent lens position of the camera). Outputting the one or more image capture settings may include storing the lens position. 
     Device  400  may output the current frame and/or one or more subsequent frames with the applied one or more image capture settings for display via a display associated with device  400  (e.g., e.g., display  416  of  FIG. 4 ). Outputting the current frame and/or one or more subsequent frames with the applied one or more image capture settings for display may include outputting the current frame and/or one or more subsequent frames with the applied white balance gain for display. Outputting the current frame and/or one or more subsequent frames with the applied one or more image capture settings for display may include outputting the current frame and/or one or more subsequent frames with the applied one or more exposure settings for display. Outputting the current frame and/or one or more subsequent frames with the applied one or more image capture settings for display may include outputting the current frame and/or one or more subsequent frames with the applied lens position for display. 
     In some examples, determining the one or more image capture settings based on the audio input and/or the contextual information may include determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of a camera application based on the audio input and/or the contextual information stored in the memory for a period of time. For example, perhaps the camera application is currently closed and has not been opened and/or initialized yet, but device  400  is still receiving audio inputs (e.g., because the device is an always-on or always listening device). As discussed above, device  400  may store the audio input and/or contextual information (including one or more keywords) in memory (e.g., memory  408  of  FIG. 4 ) for a period of time. When the camera application is opened and/or initialized, camera controller  412  and/or ISP  414  may receive the audio input and/or contextual information that was stored within the memory within a threshold period of time (e.g., 10 seconds, 20 seconds, 30 seconds, etc.) before the camera application was opened in order to use the most recent audio inputs and/or contextual information received prior to opening the camera application in order to determine initial image capture settings. In this manner, a current or first frame may not be received when the initial image capture settings are determined. In the examples above, a current frame and its current statistics and/or image capture settings may be known and may be used with the audio input and/or contextual information to determine image capture settings and/or adjustments. In some examples, however, when the camera application is initializing, the image capture settings may be determined independent of a current frame and its associated statistics and/or image capture settings. 
     Determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application may include determining the white balance gain based on the audio input and/or contextual information. Without having statistics associated with a current frame, device  400  may determine and/or select an initial illuminant based on the audio input and/or the contextual information. For example, if the audio input and/or the contextual information from the last 30 seconds of opening the camera application indicates that device  400  is inside, then indoor illuminants may be assigned higher weight values than outdoor illuminants. In some examples, additional information (e.g., the contextual information including metadata about the current state of device  400 ) may be used to further refine the illuminant selection. For example, whether it is daytime or nighttime may indicate whether any lights or lamps are being used as a light source. In this manner, the camera application may be initialized and an illuminant and/or white balance gains may initially be determined and applied when a first frame is received. Once the first frame is received, adjustments may be made based on the current statistics, as discussed above. 
     Determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application may include determining one or more exposure settings based on the audio input and/or contextual information. Without having statistics associated with a current frame, device  400  may determine and/or select initial exposure settings based on the audio input and/or the contextual information. For example, if the audio input and/or the contextual information from the last 30 seconds of opening the camera application indicates that device  400  is outside at nighttime, then device  400  may determine that its surrounding environment includes low light levels. In this example, the camera application may initialize with initial exposure settings such as a longer exposure time with a higher sensor gain and a lower digital gain than if the device were in a well-lit area. The one or more exposure settings may then be applied when capturing and/or receiving a first frame. Once the first frame is received, adjustments may be made based on the current statistics and current exposure settings, as discussed above. 
     Determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of the camera application may include determining an initial lens position based on the audio input and/or contextual information. If the audio input and/or the contextual information from the last 30 seconds of opening the camera application indicates that device  400  is outside, then device  400  may determine that the lens of camera  402  should be moved to a position for outdoor landscape photography (e.g., where objects may be farther away from the device  400  than objects in an indoor scene). In this example, the camera application may initialize with an initial lens position for outdoor landscape photography. Once the first frame is received, adjustments may be made based on how in-focus or out-of-focus the region of interest is. Alternatively, if the audio input and/or the contextual information from the last 30 seconds of opening the camera application indicates that device  400  is indoors, then device  400  may determine that the lens of camera  402  should be moved to a position for indoor photography (e.g., where objects may be closer to the device  400  than objects in an outdoor scene). In this example, the camera application may initialize with an initial lens position for an indoor scene. Once the first frame is received, adjustments may be made based on how in-focus or out-of-focus the region of interest is. 
     In some examples, determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of a camera application based on the audio input and/or the contextual information stored in the memory for a period of time may include determining the one or more image capture settings upon initialization of a camera application based on comparing the audio input and/or contextual information to one or more previously stored image capture settings from a previous image capturing session. For example, one or more image capture settings that were used in a previous image capturing session may be stored in memory. The camera application may have then been closed. Upon initialization of the camera application after it was closed, one or more image capture settings may be determined by comparing the audio input and/or the contextual information with the previously stored image capture settings to determine whether new settings, as discussed above, should be used upon initialization. 
     Certain aspects of this disclosure have been provided above. Some of these aspects may be applied independently and some of them may be applied in combination as would be apparent to those of skill in the art. In the foregoing description, for the purposes of explanation, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the invention. However, it will be apparent that various aspects may be practiced without these specific details. The figures and description are not intended to be restrictive. Rather, the ensuing description of the exemplary aspects will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing an exemplary aspect. It should be understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. 
     Specific details are given in the description to provide a thorough understanding of the different aspects of the disclosure. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the examples described may be practiced without these specific details. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to obscure the embodiments in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the embodiments. 
     Also, it is noted that individual embodiments may be described as a process which is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed, but could have additional steps not included in a figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination can correspond to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function. 
     Moreover, the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention. 
     Further, the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in any of a variety of devices such as general purposes computers, wireless communication device handsets, or integrated circuit devices having multiple uses including application in wireless communication device handsets and other devices. Any features described as modules or components may be implemented together in an integrated logic device or separately as discrete but interoperable logic devices. If implemented in software, the techniques may be realized at least in part by a computer-readable data storage medium comprising program code including instructions that, when executed, performs one or more of the methods described above. The computer-readable data storage medium may form part of a computer program product, which may include packaging materials. The computer-readable medium may comprise memory or data storage media, such as random access memory (RAM) such as synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), read-only memory (ROM), non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), FLASH memory, magnetic or optical data storage media, and the like. The techniques additionally, or alternatively, may be realized at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium that carries or communicates program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed, read, and/or executed by a computer, such as propagated signals or waves. 
     The program code may be executed by a processor, which may include one or more processors, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), general purpose microprocessors, an application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable logic arrays (FPGAs), or other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuitry. Such a processor may be configured to perform any of the techniques described in this disclosure. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor; but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. Accordingly, the term “processor,” as used herein may refer to any of the foregoing structure, any combination of the foregoing structure, or any other structure or apparatus suitable for implementation of the techniques described herein. In addition, in some aspects, the functionality described herein may be provided within dedicated software modules or hardware modules configured for encoding and decoding, or incorporated in a combined video encoder-decoder (CODEC). 
     As noted the computer-readable medium may include transient media, such as a wireless broadcast or wired network transmission, or storage media (that is, non-transitory storage media), such as a hard disk, flash drive, compact disc, digital video disc, Blu-ray disc, or other computer-readable media. In some examples, a network server (not shown) may receive encoded video data from the source device and provide the encoded video data to the destination device, e.g., via network transmission. Similarly, a computing device of a medium production facility, such as a disc stamping facility, may receive encoded video data from the source device and produce a disc containing the encoded video data. Therefore, the computer-readable medium may be understood to include one or more computer-readable media of various forms, in various examples. 
     While the present disclosure shows illustrative aspects, it should be noted that various changes and modifications could be made herein without departing from the scope of the appended claims. Additionally, the functions, steps or actions of the method claims in accordance with aspects described herein need not be performed in any particular order unless expressly stated otherwise. Furthermore, although elements may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitation to the singular is explicitly stated. Accordingly, the disclosure is not limited to the illustrated examples, and any means for performing the functionality described herein are included in aspects of the disclosure.