Patent Publication Number: US-7712656-B2

Title: Method of transmitting electronic signature during a financial transaction

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/787,382 filed Apr. 16, 2007, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/046,142 filed Jan. 27, 2005, which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/688,545 filed Oct. 17, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,905,072, which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/826,675 filed Apr. 5, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,702,181, which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/076,051 filed May 11, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,315,195, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application 60/082,299 filed Apr. 17, 1998. The disclosures of all the foregoing Applications are herein incorporated by reference. 

   TECHNICAL FIELD 
   This invention relates to devices for conducting financial transactions. This invention relates to systems that can utilize information received from a data bearing record, such as a card. Specifically exemplary embodiments relate to a transaction apparatus and system which enables a single card with a programmable memory to be used as a substitute for a plurality of conventional credit cards, identification cards, benefit cards, and other objects which include indicia such as magnetic indicia or bar code. An exemplary financial banking system uses a computer to compare information read from a card with stored information to allow an individual to use a banking machine to reallocate funds among various accounts. 
   BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
   The most common type of credit and debit cards in use today are magnetic stripe type cards. The standardized format used for such cards includes indicia on a front side of the card. Such indicia identifies the card owner, an account number, a card type, a card issuer, an expiration date as well as possibly other information. Such indicia is presented as raised letters and numbers which can be used to make an impression on a multipart carbon or carbonless form. The rear of such cards have a magnetic stripe supported thereon. The magnetic stripe includes several tracks of information. This information includes magnetic indicia representative of the information found on the front of the card as well as other information that is used in processing transactions electronically. Magnetic stripe cards are commonly used for credit card types such as MasterCard®, VISA®, Discover®, American Express®, Diner&#39;s Club® and others. 
   Most people also carry debit cards which allow them to access money in their checking and savings accounts using automated banking machines. Some debit cards also function as credit cards. Most debit cards in use today are magnetic stripe cards similar in format to credit cards. 
   Due to the convenience of using credit and debit cards most people carry several such cards in their wallet. Because of financial incentives associated with the issuance and sponsorship of credit cards, many users are offered cards by different banks, clubs, fraternal organizations and merchandising organizations. As a result it is not uncommon for people to have several different MasterCard® and VISA® accounts. This gives consumers the opportunity to take advantage of premiums such as frequent flyer miles and rebates offered by card sponsors. Having several different credit cards also enables consumers to take advantage of the credit limits on all their cards. While having many credit and debit cards is a benefit to consumers, it also requires them to carry several cards. It also exposes consumers to a greater risk if their wallet or purse that includes all their credit and debit cards is lost or stolen. 
   Most individuals also carry a number of other objects or cards which include machine readable indicia. These often include for example, a health insurance card which indicates that a person is a member of a particular group insurance plan. Such cards are often magnetic stripe cards similar to credit cards. Alternatively such health insurance cards may include bar code indicia or other visible indicia which can be read with a scanner. Some health insurance cards include both visible and magnetic indicia. Persons who are members of a health insurance plan can identify themselves and their account to medical providers by showing their card which can be read or scanned by appropriate devices. 
   Persons also commonly carry other types of cards with visible or magnetic indicia. These may include for example, library cards, identification or access cards, employee identification cards, student identification cards, driver&#39;s license cards, professional license cards and other types of cardlike objects. The magnetic or visible indicia on these cards is usually read when presented by the card holder to identify the person as an authorized user of services or facilities. 
   Another type of card which has been developed is the stored value card commonly referred to as a “smart card.” Stored value cards are similar to credit and debit cards in construction in that they include a front side which has raised identifying indicia which can be transferred to a carbon or carbonless multipart form. Such cards also commonly include a magnetic stripe including magnetic indicia which enables the card to work like any other credit or debit card. Stored value cards also include a programmable memory mounted on the card. Such programmable memory stores data representative of cash value. The value on the stored value card can be used like cash by the bearer to purchase goods or services. The stored value data on the card is also often encrypted or stored using schemes to prevent fraud or tampering therewith. 
   Stored value cards, like debit and credit cards, require the customer to interact with a stationary terminal device to utilize the card. For example, in the case of credit cards, credit is obtained when the customer presents their card to a merchant. The merchant (unless they process transactions manually) utilizes a point of sale or electronic funds transfer terminal to charge an amount to the customer&#39;s account and credit the merchant&#39;s account. Similarly the use of a debit card requires that the user present their card to an automated banking machine such as an ATM. The ATM operates to add or deduct amounts from the user&#39;s account as funds are deposited or received by the user. Similarly, stored value cards are used in connection with a stationary terminal device such as an electronic funds transfer terminal or automated banking machine which has the special capabilities to handle the particular type of stored value card used. The terminal modifies the value information stored in memory on the card to reflect the addition or subtraction of value represented thereon as transactions are conducted. 
   Having to use a stationary terminal device to conduct transactions is often inconvenient. Most merchants only accept certain types of credit cards. Locating an ATM that accepts the debit card of a person&#39;s financial institution can be difficult. Often the use of a “foreign” card at another bank&#39;s ATM results in a significant service charge. It is also difficult to find a merchant or ATM that can process stored value cards. 
   Thus there exists a need for an apparatus and method that can reduce the number of credit, debit and other cards or cardlike objects that a person must carry while still obtaining the benefit of carrying all such cards and objects individually. 
   There further exists a need for an apparatus and method which changes the character of the indicia on a card so as to give a single card the ability to be used as a substitute for any one of a plurality of credit, debit or other cards. 
   Finally there further exists a need for an apparatus and method for carrying out transactions using a stored value card that does not require a user to interact with a stationary terminal device such as an automated banking machine, electronic cash register or an electronic funds transfer terminal. 
   OBJECTS OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
   It is a an object of an exemplary form of the present invention to provide a novel transaction apparatus. 
   It is a further object of an exemplary form of the present invention to provide a transaction apparatus which enables a user to use a single card which can be changed to conduct transactions using a plurality of the user&#39;s accounts. 
   It is a further object of an exemplary form of the present invention to provide a transaction apparatus which can be used in lieu of a plurality of credit, debit and other cards and objects. 
   It is a further object of an exemplary form of the present invention to provide a transaction apparatus that selectively displays visible indicia reproduced from a card or object, which visible indicia can be read by individuals or with a machine. 
   It is a further object of an exemplary form of the present invention to provide a transaction apparatus which can transfer value to or from a stored value card without the use of a stationary terminal device. 
   It is a further object of an exemplary form of the present invention to provide a transaction apparatus that is compact, portable and lightweight. 
   It is a further object of an exemplary form of the present invention to provide a transaction apparatus that can be configured in a manner which conforms to the shape of a conventional purse, wallet or keyfob and which may perform the functions thereof as well as the functions associated with carrying out transactions. 
   It is a further object of an exemplary form of the present invention to provide a transaction apparatus that authorizes operation based on a physical characteristic of an authorized user. 
   It is a further object of an exemplary form of the present invention to provide a transaction apparatus which includes a rechargeable power supply. 
   It is a further object of an exemplary form of the present invention to provide a transaction apparatus that is economical to produce and easy to operate. 
   It is a further object of an exemplary form of the present invention to provide a method for storing data about a plurality of accounts held by user in a single memory carried on a card. 
   It is a further object of an exemplary form of the present invention to provide a method for accessing data corresponding to plurality of accounts from the memory on a single card and selectively transferring such data to a magnetic stripe or visual display in connection with the card. 
   It is a further object of an exemplary form of the present invention to provide a method for selectively deleting and writing indicia corresponding to any one of a plurality of selected accounts onto the magnetic stripe of a single card. 
   It is a further object of an exemplary form of the present invention to provide a method for transferring value between a plurality of accounts and the memory of a stored value card without using a stationary terminal device. 
   Further objects of exemplary forms of the present invention will be made apparent in the following Detailed Description of Exemplary Embodiments and the appended claims. 
   The foregoing objects are accomplished in one exemplary embodiment of the invention by an apparatus which includes a card which is of a type which includes a magnetic stripe supported thereon. The magnetic stripe may be of a conventional configuration and capable of having magnetic indicia recorded or written thereon. The card also includes a programmable memory which is supported on the card. The programmable memory preferably includes data representative of a plurality of accounts which the user has, such as various credit card accounts, debit card accounts and other accounts. 
   The apparatus further includes a portable terminal. The portable terminal is preferably sufficiently small so as to be readily portable. The terminal may be incorporated into a wallet, purse or keyfob. The portable terminal is releasably engageable with the card and includes a memory reading device which is operative to read the account data from the memory on the card. The portable terminal also includes an input device which enables the user to select data from the card memory corresponding to any one of the plurality of the user&#39;s accounts. The portable terminal preferably further includes a magnetic writing device which enables the user to write magnetic indicia corresponding to a selected account in the programmable memory to the magnetic stripe on the card. This enables the user to use the card in place of the dedicated credit card for that particular account. The portable terminal further preferably includes a magnetic stripe erasing device which enables the user to erase the indicia from the magnetic stripe so that the user may subsequently write data corresponding to a different account to the magnetic stripe when desired. 
   The card memory may further include data representative of a stored amount. This amount represents a monetary value which the user may use as a cash substitute. The portable terminal device preferably includes a communications device which enables the user to make the transfers between the accounts for which data is held in memory and the monetary amount stored on the card. In addition the monetary amount stored on the card may be transferred using stationary terminals such as ATMs and point of sale terminals which have stored value card capabilities. 
   The card memory may further include data representative of visual indicia which are found on a plurality of cards or other objects associated with the user. The visible indicia may include for example, bar code indicia representative of a user&#39;s account with a group health plan. Alternatively such visible indicia may include bar code or other indicia associated with a student I.D., employee access card, driver&#39;s license or other types of objects. The visible indicia may also include a reproduction of the user&#39;s signature or other identifying characteristics. The portable terminal may include a display upon which the stored visible indicia may be reproduced in response to inputs to an input device. This enables visible indicia to be read with a machine from the display, which serves as a substitute for scanning off the card or object which the user is no longer required to carry. The card memory may also include data representative of icons or other graphics as well as data representative of instructions which are used by a processor in the portable terminal for carrying out transactions. 
   In some embodiments the portable terminal may further include object reading devices such as a magnetic stripe reader and a bar code scanner. Such devices are used to read magnetic indicia from the original credit and debit cards and to transfer such information may be stored in the programmable memory of the card used in connection with the invention. Similarly the object reader in the form of a scanner may read the visible indicia such as a bar code from an object so that such indicia may be stored in the memory on the card. The input device of the exemplary terminal is used to input designators which are stored in correlated relation with the data which corresponds to the various types of magnetic stripes and bar codes. The memory on the card may further include data representative of an access code as well as instructions to minimize the risk that an unauthorized user may gain access to the data stored in memory. Alternatively, the card memory may further include data uniquely associated with the user such as fingerprint data or other biometric data. The terminal may include a reader for reading such data to assure that the user is the person authorized to use the card. 
   The exemplary form of the invention enables a user to carry a single card which the user may use in lieu of a plurality of cards or other objects which the user would otherwise be required to carry. The exemplary form of the invention further enables a user to transfer amounts between a stored value card and their various accounts without having to use a stationary terminal such as a point of sale terminal or an automated banking machine. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a top plan view of one embodiment of a transaction apparatus of the present invention including a multifunction card and a portable terminal. 
       FIG. 2  is an isometric view of the portable terminal of the type shown in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 3  is an isometric view of the portable terminal shown in  FIG. 2  in combination with a wallet structure. 
       FIG. 4  is a schematic view of the components of the portable terminal as well as a system through which the portable terminal communicates. 
       FIGS. 5-14  are views of exemplary function selection screens through which a user may select functions to be executed using the transaction apparatus. 
       FIGS. 15-24  are examples of screens displayed on the portable terminal and associated with the logic flow for adding a new card type to the programmable memory on the multifunction card. 
       FIGS. 25-31  are a series of screens displayed on the programmable terminal and associated with the logic flow for deleting a card from the programmable memory on the multifunction card. 
       FIGS. 32-42  are screens displayed on the portable terminal and associated with the logic flow for writing selected card information to the magnetic stripe of the multifunction card. 
       FIGS. 43-52  are screens displayed on the portable terminal and associated with the logic flow for adding a bar code to the programmable memory on the multifunction card. 
       FIGS. 53-56  are screens displayed by the programmable terminal and associated with the logic flow for displaying a bar code corresponding to information stored on the programmable memory of the multifunction card. 
       FIGS. 57-61  are screens displayed on the portable terminal and associated with the logic flow for deleting a bar code from the programmable memory on the multifunction card. 
       FIGS. 62 and 63  are screens displayed on the portable terminal and associated with the logic flow for checking the stored cash value represented by the data stored in the programmable memory on the multifunction card. 
       FIGS. 64-74  are screens displayed on the portable terminal and associated with the logic flow for transferring cash value to the programmable memory on the multifunction card. 
       FIGS. 75-88  are screens displayed on the portable terminal and associated with the logic flow for transferring value from the programmable memory on the multifunction card to a selected user account. 
       FIGS. 89-95  are screens displayed on the portable terminal and associated with the logic flow for assuring that a user is authorized to use the terminal. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
   Referring now to the drawings and particularly to  FIG. 1  there is shown therein a transaction apparatus of one exemplary embodiment of the present invention generally indicated  10 . The apparatus includes a multifunction card  12  and a portable terminal  14 . The exemplary portable terminal and multifunction card are releasably engageable in a manner later discussed to enable carrying out a plurality of functions and transactions. 
   The multifunction card  12  may have the dimensional configuration of conventional credit and debit cards. It includes a magnetic stripe  16  on a rear face thereof. The magnetic stripe is capable of holding magnetic indicia similar to the magnetic stripes on conventional debit, credit and similar cards. Like the stripes on such cards, magnetic stripe  16  is also preferably capable of having the magnetic indicia thereon erased with an erase head or similar device, and having new indicia recorded or written thereon. 
   Multifunction card  12  further includes a programmable memory  18  supported thereon. Programmable memory  18  includes a plurality of electrical or other contacts  20  which are accessible on the front of the card. In the exemplary embodiment the card and programmable memory are a type and configuration such as is commercially available from a number of suppliers including Diebold, Incorporated, the Assignee of the present invention. The contacts  20  and the magnetic stripe  16  are positioned in predetermined locations on the card to enable the card to be used with a variety of devices. Of course in other embodiments of the invention nonconventional orientations and configurations of the magnetic stripe and the programmable memory contacts may be used. 
   As later explained, multifunction card  12  is designed to be used as a substitute for a plurality of varied types of credit, debit and other cards. However in embodiments of the invention, card  12  may include information on the face or rear thereof so as to identify the particular user to whom the card belongs, an issuer of the card, as well as other data. In some embodiments, the front side of the card may include raised numbers and letters corresponding to a particular credit card account and from which an impression may be made onto a carbon or carbonless form. For example information on the face of the card may correspond to a user&#39;s MasterCard®, VISA®, American Express®, Discovery®, Novus®, Diner&#39;s Club® or other card. This enables the exemplary multifunction card to be used as the user&#39;s regular credit card when purchasing goods or services in establishments that do manual processing of credit card transactions. Of course while in the embodiment discussed conventional credit card indicia may be included on the front of the multifunction card, in other embodiments special indicia may be presented on the card. 
   Portable terminal  14  includes a display  22  on the front face thereof. In one exemplary form of the invention display  22  is an LCD type display or other suitable display that may be used for displaying words, graphics and other visible indicia in a manner later explained. Portable terminal  14  further includes at least one input device that may be used to input information by a user. In the embodiment shown, the input device includes a manual input device which consists of a plurality of buttons. These buttons include a scroll up button  24  and a scroll down button  26 . These scroll up and scroll down buttons  24 ,  26  which may be referred to hereafter as “up button” and “down button” respectively, are pressed by a user to selectively display items on the display. 
   The input device of the terminal further includes an enter button  28 . The enter button is used in a manner later explained to initiate execution of a function corresponding to the information displayed on display  22 . Terminal  14  further includes an on/off button  30 . Button  30  is preferably used in the manner later explained to initiate a transaction or to signify completion of a transaction and to turn the terminal off. It should be understood that the input device comprised of manual input buttons  24 ,  26 ,  28  and  30  are exemplary only and that other embodiments of the invention may incorporate other arrangements of manual and other types of input devices. 
   As shown in  FIG. 2  portable terminal  14  further includes a slot  32 . Slot  32  extends through the body of the terminal and is sized to enable multifunction card  12  to be passed therethrough. An exemplary form of the portable terminal includes an external object reading device  34  positioned on the exterior of the terminal body. In one form of the invention the external object reading device may include a bar code reader which enables reading bar code off of cards and other objects so that information corresponding to such visible indicia may be read and stored in the memory of the multifunction card. 
   The components which comprise an exemplary embodiment of the portable terminal  14  are schematically indicated in  FIG. 4 . Terminal  14  includes at least one onboard processor  36  which is in operative connection with the other components of the portable terminal. Processor  36  is also in connection with at least one data store or memory  38 . Memory  38  may be a volatile or nonvolatile memory which is capable of holding and recovering data which is received from or delivered to the processor  36 . 
   Processor  36  is in operative connection with other components within the portable terminal  14 . These components are represented schematically in  FIG. 4  and are indicative of hardware and software components operatively connected with the processor. These components include the display component  40 . Display component  40  includes display  22  as well as the other hardware and software devices which enable the display to provide visual outputs in response to processor  36 . A manual input component  42  corresponds to a manual input device which in the described exemplary form of the terminal includes buttons  24 ,  26 ,  28  and  30 . Component  42  includes the hardware and software which enables communicating the inputs from the user through the buttons to the processor so that the processor may carry out the functions of the portable terminal in response thereto. 
   Portable terminal  14  further includes a magnetic stripe read and write component  44 . In the exemplary form of the invention this component includes magnetic heads which are selectively operated to read magnetic indicia from the stripe of a card as well as to write magnetic indicia thereto. It should be understood while component  44  shows these functions as combined, it actually represents two separate functions. These are the functions of reading magnetic indicia from a card and writing magnetic indicia to a card stripe. These functions may be separate in other embodiments. Component  44  includes the necessary hardware and software interfaces to the processor  36  to carry out these functions in a manner later discussed. A magnetic stripe erase component  46  is further indicated schematically as part of the portable terminal  FIG. 4 . This magnetic stripe erase component includes an erase head or other comparable device as well as the hardware and software devices that may be used to selectively erase or otherwise clear magnetic indicia from the magnetic stripe of the multifunction card. In some embodiments of the invention the magnetic stripe erase component may be combined with the components which function to read and write indicia to the magnetic stripe of cards. In the exemplary form of the invention the heads which operate to read, write and erase magnetic stripe indicia from credit cards are positioned in the interior of terminal  14  and adjacent to slot  32 . This enables the reading, writing and erasing functions to be carried out as a card is passed manually therethrough. It should be understood however that in other embodiments other methods may be provided for reading, writing and erasing magnetic stripe data. 
   As shown in  FIG. 4  portable terminal  14  further includes a card memory read/write component  48 . Component  48  serves to read and write data to the programmable memory  18  on multifunction card  12 . In the embodiment shown the memory reading and writing functions are combined. However it should be understood that these are separate functions and may be carried out through separate arrangements of hardware and software. Component  48  also includes electrical contacts which are positioned adjacent to slot  32  in the portable terminal. These electrical contacts are configured to engage the contacts  20  which enable communication with the programmable memory  18  of the multifunction card  12 . Component  48  further includes the hardware and software devices required to read data from and write data into the programmable memory on the card. 
   Portable terminal  14  in the embodiment shown includes a scanner component  50 . Scanner component  50  includes bar code scanner  34  or similar device for reading visible indicia from an object. Component  50  further includes the hardware and software devices necessary to communicate with processor  36  and the other components of the portable terminal. It should be understood that while the embodiment of the portable terminal shown includes object reading devices for reading magnetic stripe indicia, visual indicia and indicia stored in the programmable memory of cards, other embodiments of the invention may include other types of object reading devices. Likewise other types of object writing devices may be included depending on the particular uses made of the portable terminal. 
   For example in some embodiments scanner  50  may be a scanner suitable for scanning and reading written indicia. This may include the signature of an authorized user. Data representative of such a signature may be input and produced with the scanning device and stored in the programmable memory of the card. The signature may then be reproduced on the display or transmitted to a remote location for purposes of identifying the authorized user or the authenticity of a transaction. 
   Alternative embodiments of the invention may include a biometric reader component  47 . The biometric reader component may include hardware and software components that can be used to sense a characteristic of a user which uniquely identifies the person as an authorized user. In some embodiments the biometric reader component  47  may include a fingerprint reading device. Alternatively, the reader may include an audio input device which can be used to identify a user by voice. Alternatively, visual readers for identifying unique visible features, or a combination of identifying features of the user may be used. The programmable memory of the card may include data representative of the identifying biometric features of the authorized user or users. This stored data is used to enable authorized users of the card to operate the terminal with the card while others are prevented from such operation. 
   Terminal  14  in the embodiment shown includes a communications component  52 . Communications component  52  may include a modem or other communications devices that are selectively operative under the control of the processor to communicate with other systems and devices located outside and preferably remote from the portable terminal. In some embodiments the communications component  52  may include a connector for communicating through a network  54  to a computer or similar device at a remote location, schematically indicated  56 . A connection to the remote location may be selectively made based on an address which is used by the communications component  52  to selectively communicate to the desired remote location. 
   In one form of the invention the communications component includes a wireless type modem. In such an embodiment network  54  includes a cellular phone network which enables communicating to a transaction network. This is done through computers located at one or more remote addresses which are accessed via a phone number which serves as the address. Alternatively communications component  52  may communicate through a conventional telephone access port which includes a telephone connector on the body of the portable terminal. In other embodiments the communications network  54  may include communications intranets or public networks such as the internet, which selectively enable communication by the portable terminal to selected nodes in the network. In such environments the addresses to which the portable terminal communicates are the addresses of the network nodes which may properly receive transaction messages. 
   As shown in  FIG. 4  the portable terminal includes a power source schematically indicated  58 . Power source  58  may include any suitable source of power for the components in the portable terminal. Suitable power sources may include rechargeable or nonrechargeable batteries or connectors to external power sources such as the cigarette lighter of a vehicle. The power source  58  may further include a renewable energy source, such as a solar panel  60  which may be used to provide energy from the sun or other available light source. 
   As shown in  FIG. 3  portable terminal  14  may be integrated into a carrier  62  which may take the form of a wallet such as that shown in  FIG. 3 . Alternatively the carrier may be of a type which performs other functions such as those of a purse, personal digital assistant, notebook computer, keyfob, pager, cellular phone or other component carried by a user. As demonstrated by the carrier  62  shown in  FIG. 3 , the portable terminal  14  may be integrated into a wallet type device which includes spaces for holding the multifunction card as well as other credit cards and identification cards. The carrier may further include spaces for holding cash, keys and other items in a manner of a conventional wallet. Similarly the carrier  62  may include a supporting surface for the solar panel  60  as well as other features and components which may be desired by a user. The small size and portability of the terminal  14  of the exemplary embodiment enables it to be integrated into any one of a plurality of carrier type devices while still enabling such devices to carry out their traditional and/or nontraditional functions. 
   In an exemplary form of the invention the portable terminal  14  operates to perform a plurality of functions. These functions are carried out based on instructions which may be included in whole or in part in the programmable memory  18  of the multifunction card  12 . The processor  36  of the portable terminal  14  carries out instruction steps in response to the inputs provided by the user of the card and portable terminal. In embodiments of the invention the memory  38  in connection with the portable terminal may also include certain programmed instructions which are permanently stored therein so as to facilitate certain operations of the terminal. The programmable memory on the card may also include the data representative of accounts, indicia, access codes, monetary values, graphics, location data and other information which is used in the operation of the apparatus. 
   In one exemplary embodiment of the invention the functions which are enabled to be executed include adding a new card to the memory. This is accomplished by reading information off of a magnetic stripe of an existing dedicated card with the portable terminal and storing it in the programmable memory of the multifunction card. This information can be recovered later and the magnetic indicia written on the magnetic stripe of the multifunction card. 
   Another function executed in an exemplary embodiment of the invention is to selectively delete card data from the memory on the card. This could be done for example when a user no longer desires to use the multifunction card as a substitute for the dedicated card. 
   Another function or an exemplary embodiment of the invention is to write the indicia stored in the memory of the magnetic stripe card onto the magnetic stripe of the multifunction card or perhaps another magnetic stripe card. 
   Another function which is carried out in an exemplary embodiment of the invention is to add visual indicia such as a bar code to the memory of the multifunction card. Likewise, another function is to delete a bar code or other visual indicia stored in the card memory. A further function is to display one of the selected visual indicia such as a bar code or a user&#39;s signature which is stored in the memory of the card. 
   Other functions of embodiments of the invention may be to carry out financial transactions without the need to use a stationary terminal. Such functions include checking the cash equivalent value stored in the memory of the multifunction card. Another transaction is to transfer value stored in the memory of the multifunction card to another account. The transfer of funds from an account to the programmable memory on the multifunction card so that it can be used as a cash equivalent therefrom is a further transaction which may be carried out by embodiments of the invention. 
   The various functions which the described embodiments of the transaction apparatus may carry out and the logic associated therewith are now explained with reference to  FIGS. 5-95  which disclose transaction steps carried out by a user in executing the various functions. In the form of the invention described, the programmable memory  18  on the card includes data representative of prompt messages. When the multifunction card  12  is extended in the terminal so that the contacts  20  thereon can be read by the connectors of the card memory read/write component  48 , the stored instructions which include the prompt messages and the associated logic may be read. The processor  36  then operates the display component  40  to selectively display prompt messages on the display  22  of the terminal  14 . 
   In an exemplary form of the invention security measures are provided to assure that only a proper authorized user is enabled to operate the system. This may be accomplished by requiring a user to input an access code which is known only to them before the terminal functions may be accessed. This access code may be programmed in the programmable memory  18  using a separate terminal device. Alternatively provisions may be made for executing a software program which enables the user to select their access code the first time that the multifunction card is used in connection with the portable terminal. This program may be stored in the memory of the terminal or on the card. In alternative embodiments the card holds biometric data related to authorized users. The biometric data of a user is input through the biometric reader  47 . For example, when the reader  47  includes a fingerprint reader a user may place a predetermined finger adjacent to the reader. If the input data corresponds to an authorized user, the terminal may be operated. In some embodiments the user may scan a single fingerprint to gain access. The particular finger selected may be one chosen by and known only to the user. In other embodiments a plurality of fingerprints from one or both hands, may need to be read in a selected order. This may increase the security level. 
   One form of the logic flow associated with assuring that an authorized user uses the apparatus of the invention is demonstrated with reference to  FIGS. 89-95 . In initiating the operation of the terminal the user is first required to place the multifunction card  12  in the slot  32  of the portable terminal  14 . The card is preferably inserted into the slot in a manner which enables the electrical connectors associated with component  48  to engage the contacts  20  on the card. The slot corresponds closely to the width of the card and serves as a guide for positioning the card as it is passed therethrough. A spring loaded finger or other releasable stop may be positioned adjacent the slot to stop the card at the proper depth inside the terminal to engage the contacts. The user preferably knows how to insert the card into the slot in order to achieve this connection based on experience. Alternatively, instructions printed on the face of the card and/or the terminal may instruct the user in how to insert the card. The memory  38  in the terminal  14  may also include data representative of prompts which are displayed on the screen  22  which instruct the user on how to properly insert the multifunction card. 
   For purposes of this example, the sign on process for a user preferably begins with the display screen  100  shown in  FIG. 89 . Screen  100  is a blank screen which indicates that the terminal is off. When the user presses the on/off button  30  a screen  102  shown in  FIG. 90  is displayed. Screen  102  preferably includes a prompt which instructs the user to enter their access code. 
   The entry of the user&#39;s personal access code is demonstrated in  FIG. 91-94 . In entering the access code of the embodiment shown, the user starts with a screen  104  shown in  FIG. 91 . Screen  104  includes seven spaces in which the user may input alphabetical or numerical characters which make up the access code. Pressing the up button  24  when screen  104  is displayed begins a scrolling process in the first space for input of the access code. This causes the screen to change the first space from a blank space to the letter “a.” This is shown in  FIG. 92  and is represented by a screen  106 . Pressing the up button  24  again (or continuing to hold it) changes the first character to the letter “b” as indicated by a screen  108  in  FIG. 93 . The user may move to subsequent letters by holding or repeatedly pushing the up button, thus scrolling through the alphabet and/or numerical values until the desired first character of the access code is displayed in the first space. Of course the user may scroll backwards by pushing the down button. In this example the letter “b” is the first character of the user&#39;s access code and the user indicates that fact by pressing the enter button  28  as schematically indicated in  FIG. 93 . 
   After the first character is entered the user selects the second character of the access code in a similar manner. This is again done by selectively pressing the up and down buttons  24  and  26  until the desired alphabetical or numerical character is displayed in the second space. Once the desired character is displayed in the second space the user presses the enter button  28  to move to the next character. This is represented by screen  110  in  FIG. 94 . In the embodiment shown the user may enter up to seven characters as the access code. However in the exemplary embodiment the user may not require seven characters and may simply choose to leave certain characters as blanks. In the embodiment shown the user&#39;s access code is the five letter word “broom” and the two final characters are simply left blank. After the user indicates this by pressing the enter button  28  to leave blanks for the last two characters, a screen  112  shown in  FIG. 95  is displayed. 
   In screen  112  the user is given the option of either changing their access code or proceeding to a main menu. The user may select the option of changing their access code by pressing the up button  24 . This will lead the user through a series of prompt screens to enter a new access code. This series of prompt screens may lead the user through appropriate steps in accordance with the instructions stored in the memory on the card or in the terminal so as to enter a new code. In alternative embodiments of the invention a biometric identifier may be used as an access code. In such a system the user would be prompted through the display  40  to input identifying biometric data to the biometric reader  47 . For example, if the biometric reader is a fingerprint reader, the user may be prompted to bring a finger that they have preselected adjacent to the reader. The reader  47  would read the fingerprint and produce suitable signals to compare the input data to the data stored on the card. If the input data corresponds to an authorized user, the user is authorized to further operate the terminal. The user may be given the option to change the biometric data, such as to add data for another authorized user, or to change the finger used for providing fingerprint data in the accessing process or to use a sequence of fingerprints to obtain access. 
   Alternative embodiments may use other processes and criteria to access the card data. Once the user has properly gained access they may be given the option of changing the access code or other sign on procedures. For purposes of this example however the user chooses the option of displaying a main menu which is selected by pressing the down button  26  as indicated schematically in  FIG. 95 . 
   The prompt messages in  FIGS. 5-13  represent a main menu showing the various transactions that can be conducted with the apparatus.  FIG. 5  shows a screen  64  which includes a prompt which queries a user as to whether they wish to add a new card to the memory on the multifunction card. In the embodiment shown the fact that additional options are available by scrolling up or scrolling down are indicated by a dual pointed arrow adjacent to the text displayed. By pressing the down button  26  as indicated schematically, the user may move to screen  66  shown in  FIG. 6 . This screen indicates the availability of the selection of the transaction to delete a card from memory. Pressing the down button again causes the display of the terminal to provide the screen  68  shown in  FIG. 7 . This screen provides a prompt corresponding to the transaction in which data stored in the programmable memory of the multifunction card is written to a magnetic stripe. 
   Scrolling with the down button  26  from screen  68  causes screen  70  in  FIG. 8  to be displayed. Screen  70  includes a prompt corresponding to a transaction in which bar code is added to the programmable memory of the multifunction card.  FIG. 9  discloses a screen  72  which may be displayed by scrolling with the down button from screen  70 . Screen  72  corresponds to deleting a bar code from the memory on the multifunction card. Screen  74  shown in  FIG. 10  includes a prompt to the user which enables selection of a transaction in which bar codes stored in the memory may be displayed. 
     FIG. 11  shows a screen  76  which includes a prompt which corresponds to a transaction in which a user may check the cash value represented by data stored on the programmable memory of the card. Such data corresponds to a cash value which enables the multifunction card to be used in a manner identical to cash. From  FIG. 11  a user may scroll to a screen  78  shown in  FIG. 12  which prompts the user to select an available transaction in which value may be transferred from the stored value on the multifunction card.  FIG. 13  shows a screen  80  with a prompt which enables the user to select a transaction in which value will be transferred onto the memory of the multifunction card. 
   In the exemplary form of the invention the prompts in the screens of the main menu enable scrolling back to prior screens either by pushing the up or down buttons. As shown in  FIG. 13  by pressing the down button from screen  80  the user causes the first screen  64  to again be displayed. Of course the user can move up and down by pressing buttons  26  and  24  which enables them to select any of the transactions available in the main menu. For purposes of a first example if a user wishes to add a new card to memory they can manually depress the enter button  28  of the input device as represented schematically in  FIG. 14 . Pressing the enter button  28  from screen  64  causes the processor  36  to begin executing the instructions stored in the programmable memory of the card and/or memory  38  of the terminal to add a new card into the memory. 
   This routine begins as schematically indicated in  FIG. 15  with screen  64 .  FIG. 15  is identical to  FIG. 14 , the screen being repeated herein for the sake of clarity. In response to a user pressing the enter button  28  a screen  80  of the type shown in  FIG. 16  is presented. This screen includes a screen prompt which prompts the user to identify the type of card to be added. The memory on the multifunction card or the terminal preferably includes data representative of icons of major card types. These may include for example the icons representative of the logos for MasterCard®, VISA®, American Express®, Novus®, Discovery® and/or other common card types which a user is likely to want to enter. In screen  80  a MasterCard® logo is displayed by way of example, with an arrow indicating that other selections are available by pressing the down button  26 . 
   By pressing the down button from screen  80 , screen  82  shown in  FIG. 17  is displayed. This prompt screen includes the VISA® designator and logo, and allows the user to indicate that the card they are about to add is a VISA® card. The arrows adjacent to the VISAS logo displayed on the screen pointing both up and down indicates that the user may press the up or down buttons to display other card types. For purposes of this example it will be assumed that the card that the user wishes to add to the memory is a VISA® card. To indicate this the user presses the enter button  28  as indicated in  FIG. 17 . 
   In the operation of the described embodiment the user is now requested to input a card identifier to distinguish the particular type of VISA® card which they are about to add to memory. This is done through a screen  84  which prompts a user to input a plurality of alphabetical or numerical characters which serve as a designator to identify the particular card. As shown in  FIG. 18  the interface described enables a user to select letters of the alphabet to identify this particular type of card. For example by pressing and holding the up and down buttons the user is enabled to scroll through letters of the alphabet until they find the first letter of the designator they wish to input. When the letter is displayed they can enter that as the first letter of the designator by pressing the enter button  28 . They can then move on to the next letter of the designator selecting it with the up and down buttons. When a space is desired to be entered the user can leave the blank space which is preferably included as the initial option. In the case of screen  84  the designator is BP_VISA which may be a designator for a VISA® card provided by British Petroleum. Once the user has entered their desired designator any leftover spaces may be simply left blank by repeatedly pushing the enter button  28 . After all the spaces are filled the input of the designator is complete. 
   Screen  86  shown in  FIG. 19  indicates the input of an alternative designator. In this screen the designator input is “KEY_BANK_ATM.” This may indicate for example that the card which is being input is the debit card which corresponds to the user&#39;s account at Key Bank. It should be understood that the particular designator used is purely in the discretion of the user and the user is free to use highly descriptive terminology or a secret code which is known only to them to identify their various cards. In the exemplary form of the invention sufficient security is provided for accessing the memory on the multifunction card that the user is enabled to use descriptive terminology as a designator if they wish to do so. 
   Once the designator has been input, the instructions read from the memory on the card or in the terminal causes a screen  88  shown in  FIG. 20  to be displayed on the display  22 . Screen  88  includes a prompt message to remove the stored value card from engagement with the portable terminal  14 . Once the terminal senses that the stored value card has been removed by the disengagement of the contacts thereon with the portable terminal, a screen  90  shown in  FIG. 21  is displayed. Screen  90  includes a prompt for the user to pass their original BP_VISA card through the portable terminal. As shown in the exemplary form of the invention the display further visually instructs the user on how to pass the original card through the terminal so that it is properly read by the magnetic stripe reading device. In response to the screen  90  a user preferably passes their original card through the slot  32  in the portable terminal. On sensing the proper reading of the magnetic stripe on the card, screen  92  shown in  FIG. 22  is displayed. Screen  92  indicates to the user that the stripe has been properly read and that they should now reinsert the multifunction card face up. 
   It should be understood that the stored instructions may include provisions for a time out routine. In the event that the user fails to proceed to the next step at any point in the transaction, the time out returns the terminal to the main menu or to an off condition. Such a time out routine or failure routine may be accompanied by appropriate user prompts to advise the user why the terminal has proceeded to shut itself off or return to the main menu. 
   If from screen  92  the user reinserts the multifunction card into the slot  32 , the logic flow next moves to display a screen  94  shown in  FIG. 23 . Screen  94  prompts the user as to whether they wish to add the BP_VISA card to the memory of the multifunction card. As shown in  FIG. 94  the screen includes the default response which is “yes” with an arrow adjacent thereto which indicates to the user that they may change to other than the default response by pressing the down button  26 . In this example the user wishes to add the card to the memory of the multifunction card, in which case the enter button  28  is pressed while screen  94  is displayed. This results in screen  96  shown in  FIG. 24  being displayed, which indicates that the function has been carried out successfully. The user may press button  30  once to turn the terminal off or twice to return to the main menu. 
   The logic associated with deleting information concerning a card from the memory of the multifunction card is now demonstrated with reference to  FIGS. 25-31 . This process begins with a screen  98 . Screen  98  corresponds to screen  66  shown in  FIG. 6  of the main menu. To choose this operation the user presses the enter button  28  as schematically indicated in  FIG. 25 . This causes the screen  114  shown in  FIG. 26  to be displayed. 
   Screen  114  prompts a user to select which of the cards that are stored in the programmable memory on the card is to be deleted. The cards are referenced through displayed the designators which have been previously input by the user. Screen  114  displays the first one of these cards which has the designator “KEY_BANK_ATM.” The arrows next to the designator indicate that the user may select other cards by pressing the up or down button. As shown in  FIG. 26  the user presses the down button  26  which causes the display to move to a screen  116  shown in  FIG. 27 . Screen  116  displays the next card designator which is “MBNA_MC” which the user has previously input to designate an MBNA MasterCard. Assuming that the user wishes to select this card as the card to be deleted, they press the enter button  28  as schematically indicated in  FIG. 27 . Pressing the enter button from screen  116  causes a confirmation screen  118  shown in  FIG. 28  to be displayed. This screen prompts the user to confirm that they want to delete that card. An arrow displayed next to the default option which is “yes” advises a user that they can change to another option by pressing the down button. 
   In screen  118  shown in  FIG. 28  if the user presses the enter button  28  as schematically indicated therein the terminal next displays screen  120  shown in  FIG. 29  in which the terminal outputs an indication that the card has been deleted. 
   Alternatively if from screen  118  shown in  FIG. 28  the user presses the down button  26  as schematically indicated in  FIG. 30 , a screen  122  shown in  FIG. 21  as displayed. Screen  122  shows that the selected card will not be deleted and pressing the enter button  28  from this screen will return the terminal to the main menu. Alternatively in screen  122  pressing the up button  24  returns to screen  118 . It can be appreciated that the stored programmed instructions enable a user to correct errors that are made in the course of operating the input devices on the terminal. 
   The execution of the steps which enable the exemplary apparatus to configure the multifunction card so it may be used as a substitute for any one of a plurality of original magnetic stripe credit or debit cards, is now explained with reference to  FIGS. 32-42 . The logic executed to carry out this function begins with a screen  124 . Screen  124  is identical to screen  68  of the main menu. As shown schematically with reference to  FIG. 32 , pressing the enter button  28  from screen  124  causes a screen  126  shown in  FIG. 33  to be displayed. Screen  126  includes a prompt requesting that the user identify the card in the memory whose identifying indicia is to be transferred to the magnetic stripe of the multifunction card. The user is enabled to scroll through the designators for the cards stored in memory by pushing the buttons  24  and  26 . 
   As indicated by a screen  128  in  FIG. 34 , the user selects the card data stored in correlated relation with the designator “BP_VISA” in the memory of the multifunction card by scrolling with the buttons until this designator is displayed and then pressing the enter button  28 . 
   In response to the selection of the particular card in memory the indicia corresponding to the magnetic indicia on the “BP_VISA” card which has been stored in the memory of the multifunction card is transferred to the memory  38  of the terminal. Similarly the instructions which the processor will need to execute to complete the steps of writing the magnetic indicia onto the multifunction card are transferred temporarily into the memory of the terminal so that the steps may be completed with the memory of the multifunction card disengaged from the terminal. 
   Once the necessary information has been loaded into the memory of the terminal a screen  130  shown in  FIG. 35  is displayed. Screen  130  includes a prompt instructing the user to remove the multifunction card from engagement with the portable terminal. Upon sensing the disengagement of the multifunction card the screen  132  shown in  FIG. 36  is presented by the portable terminal. Screen  132  includes a prompt for the user to pass the stored value card through slot  32  in the terminal. The prompt preferably includes instructions on the orientation of the card and the magnetic stripe. This is done so that any indicia that has been previously been recorded on the magnetic stripe of the multifunction card is erased. 
   In response to screen  132  the user preferably passes the multifunction card through the portable terminal such that the magnetic stripe passes through an area of the slot in connection with an erase head which clears the magnetic stripe. Upon sensing that the card has been passed through the terminal a screen  134  shown in  FIG. 37  is displayed by the portable terminal. The sensing can be done with the spring loaded finger in the slot or with another suitable stripe or card sensing device in the slot. 
   The portable terminal then further operates under control of the processor and the instructions stored in its memory  38  to display the screen  136  shown in  FIG. 38 . Screen  136  includes a prompt which includes an instruction for the user to now pass the multifunction card through the slot  32  in a different orientation so that the magnetic indicia corresponding to the selected BP_VISA card may be written to the magnetic stripe of the multifunction card. It should be noted that in the embodiment shown, the orientation of the card for erasing the stripe and for writing indicia to the stripe are different. This is done because a different head is used for erasing as opposed to reading and writing. In alternative embodiments a single head may perform both the erasing and writing functions or alternatively multiple heads may be aligned in the slot so that the card is passed in the same manner to carry out both the erasing, reading and writing functions. 
   The exemplary form of the invention includes appropriate sensors and instructions so that if the multifunction card is inserted wrong, the screen such as screen  138  shown in  FIG. 39  is displayed. This may be done based on the sensing finger sensing the card but the magnetic head not sensing the stripe which indicates an improper card orientation, or in other ways. This screen is displayed so that if the user begins to insert the card improperly they are prompted to make a correction. Removal of the card may return the terminal to the screen  136  or may abort the instruction sequence such as by displaying the screen  140  shown in  FIG. 42 . 
   If however the card has been passed through the portable terminal properly a screen  142  shown in  FIG. 40  is presented. This screen indicates that the indicia corresponding to the magnetic indicia on the original BP_VISA card has been written to the magnetic stripe on the multifunction card. From screen  142  the terminal then moves to display a screen  144  shown in  FIG. 41  indicating that the transaction is complete and the user may turn off the portable terminal by pressing the on/off button  30 . 
   If for any reason an error has been sensed in carrying out the transaction, a screen  140  shown in  FIG. 42  preferably appears. The user may then select either the option to retry the transaction to write the material to the card by pressing the up arrow, or may quit by pressing the down arrow which will return the terminal to the main menu. Alternatively in an exemplary embodiment of the invention pressing the on/off button  30  from screen  140  is also a suitable way to end the transaction. 
   Assuming that the selected card data has been written to the magnetic stripe on the multifunction card  12 , the user may now take the multifunction card and present it to any standard transaction terminal which accepts that type of magnetic stripe card. For example if a user wishes to charge goods or services to their BP_VISA account, they may present that card to a merchant who passes the stripe through a point of sale terminal, electronic cash register or other appropriate terminal. This will result in the user&#39;s BP_VISA account being charged for those goods or services. Similarly if a user wishes to get cash out of an ATM and charge it to their BP_VISA account they may present the multifunction card to an ATM. The ATM may be operated in the usual manner as one would operate it using the original BP_VISA card. 
   The multifunction card may be configured to include the user&#39;s signature in a space on a face of the card. This would enable a merchant accepting the card to compare a user&#39;s signature on a transaction receipt to the signature on the card. Alternatively, or in addition, a reproduction of the user&#39;s signature may be stored in the memory on the card. The user could display a reproduction of their signature on the screen of the terminal so that a merchant could verify the signature. Alternatively, user identifying electronic signature data may be transmitted through a communications device such as by modem or infrared transmitter, or otherwise read from the terminal into the merchant&#39;s system, so that the merchant may store the electronic signature data from the terminal with the transaction data. 
   In alternative methods of operation the merchant may use an electronic signature capture system for transaction receipts. In such a system the merchant&#39;s computer system may include software to compare the signals generated by the user&#39;s actual signature on an electronic signature pad to the signature data stored on the card. Such comparisons would provide an indication where the signature data does not correspond to a sufficient degree, which may suggest that the user of the card is not the authorized user. 
   After completing a transaction the user may choose to leave the magnetic stripe data for the selected card on the stripe. Alternatively the user may choose to change the magnetic stripe to a different card. For example if the multifunction card has embossed data on the front corresponding to one particular card, the user may choose to return the magnetic stripe indicia to correspond with the indicia embossed on the front of the card. Alternatively the user may choose to completely erase the magnetic stripe data as may be done by returning the multifunction card to the terminal and repeating the steps associated with writing card data to the magnetic stripe up through the point in the steps where the magnetic indicia is erased from the magnetic stripe. The user may then exit the routine by pressing the on/off button leaving the card with a blank stripe. In embodiments where no information is embossed on the front of the multifunction card users may find this advantageous as the multifunction card is of absolutely no value as a credit or debit card unless the access code has been appropriately entered. 
   The exemplary forms of the present invention may also be used to selectively record and display visible indicia such as a bar code. These functions are graphically represented and the logic flow associated therewith explained with reference to  FIGS. 43-61 . 
     FIG. 43  shows a screen  146 . Screen  146  is identical to screen  70  shown in  FIG. 8  of the main menu. To select this function a user presses the enter button  28  from the main menu as schematically indicated in  FIG. 43 . From screen  146  a screen  148  is presented as shown in  FIG. 44 . Screen  148  prompts a user to enter a bar code ID or designator corresponding to a bar code that is to be read from an object. This is done in a manner similar to the entry of designators for credit or debit cards or entry of the access code. The user scrolls through alphabetical and numerical characters by pressing the up and down buttons  24  and  26  as represented by screens  150  and  152  shown in  FIGS. 45 and 46  respectively, until a desired character is displayed in a desired position. When the desired character is reached, the enter button  28  is pressed at which point the user moves on to the next character. 
   For purposes of this example it will be assumed that the user is going to scan a bar code off of a medical benefits identification card which the user has chosen to designate “BLU_CROSS ID.” This is represented in  FIG. 47  by a screen  154 . The user indicates that they have completed the designator by pressing the enter button  28  a sufficient number of times to null any remaining spaces in the available spaces entry for characters. 
   Once the terminal is advised that the entire ID has been entered, the logic flow operates to display the prompt shown in screen  156  and  FIG. 48 . This prompt instructs a user to scan the bar code off the object such as their Blue Cross® identification card. The process also operates to initiate operation of the scanner component  50 . The user then brings their identification card in proximity to the scanning device  34  on the housing of the portable terminal and the processor operates in response to the stored instructions to capture the bar code data on the card. When the bar code data has been captured, the screen  158  shown in  FIG. 49  is displayed. As previously discussed, if the bar code cannot be read or is not read in a sufficient time, the instructions may include provisions for returning the terminal to screen  146  or providing a screen such as screen  160  shown in  FIG. 52  in which the user is given the option to either quit or retry scanning the bar code. 
   Assuming that the bar code is properly read as indicated by screen  158 , the terminal then displays screen  162  shown in  FIG. 50  which prompts a user as to whether they wish to add this bar code to the memory on the multifunction card. As is the case with prior prompts the default value is “yes”, but the user is enabled to change the default to a “no” by pressing button  26 . For purposes of this example it will be assumed that the user wishes to add the bar code for their medical identification card to the memory which they do by pressing button  28  in response to screen  162 . In response to the user pressing the enter button the screen  164  shown in  FIG. 51  is displayed. The user can now turn the terminal off by pressing button  30 . 
   It should be understood that while the type of visual indicia added to the memory on the multifunction card in the foregoing example is bar code associated with a medical plan, other types of bar code may be added. For example the multifunction card may be used to store data representative of bar code associated with a driver&#39;s license, student identification card, employee access card, library card or any other type of bar code. In addition the system may be configured to read and store other types of visual indicia which are capable of being read, stored and reproduced. 
   When a user desires to use the terminal to display one of the bar codes or other indicia stored in memory, they may do so from a screen  166  shown in  FIG. 53 . Screen  166  is identical to screen  74  in the main menu. To proceed with the display of a selected bar code the user presses the enter button  28  as schematically indicated. 
   In response to the user selecting the display bar code routine from the main menu, the terminal proceeds to display a screen  168  shown in  FIG. 54 . Screen  168  asks the user to identify the bar code that they wish to display. The user is enabled to select designators for the various bar codes stored in the memory of the multifunction card. This is done using the up and down buttons on the terminal device. 
   Assuming for purposes of this example that the user wishes to display their medical plan ID, the designators for the various stored bar code indicia are scrolled through by pressing the buttons until the medical plan ID designator is displayed, which is represented by a screen  170  in  FIG. 55 . In response to pressing the enter button  28  the processor is operative to retrieve the data corresponding to the bar code in the memory and to display a reproduction of the bar code on the terminal. This is represented by a screen  172  in  FIG. 56 . The displayed reproduction of the bar code may be scanned from the display  22  of the portable terminal using the scanner or similar bar code reading device which is schematically represented by a scanner  174  in  FIG. 56 . Thus the user may identify themselves to a medical provider as a participant in their medical plan and the user may input their identifying information in the conventional manner using the same scanner that is used for scanning a regular identification card. When the scanning process is finished, the user can discontinue the display of the bar code by pressing on/off button  30 . 
   The bar codes which have previously been stored in the memory associated with the multifunction card may also be selectively erased therefrom. This may be done for example when a user&#39;s regular card is replaced such that a new bar code or other visual indicia is associated therewith. Alternatively a user may simply wish to discontinue the use of a particular card. This may happen for example with regard to a library card which a user had been using in a city where they previously resided. Once the user moves they no longer use that library. Likewise a user may delete their driver&#39;s license data when they move to another state and obtain a new license. 
   The deletion of a bar code from the memory is represented by the logic flow associated with  FIGS. 57-61 . The screen  176  corresponds with the screen  72  in the main menu, and includes a prompt which enables a user to select the logic which operates to delete a bar code from the memory. The user selects this transaction by pressing the enter button  28 . A screen  178  is then displayed which asks a user to identify the bar code they wish to delete from the memory. The user selects the bar code by pressing the up and down buttons  24  and  26 . As shown in  FIG. 59  the user selects a card which has the associated designator “CLE_LIB_CARD” stored in association therewith in the memory of the multifunction card. This is represented by a screen  180 . Pressing the enter button  30  with the bar code designator displayed causes a screen  182  shown in  FIG. 60  to be displayed. Screen  182  queries the user as to whether they in fact wish to delete that particular bar code. The user is enabled to change from the default setting by pressing the down button. As schematically represented in  FIG. 60 , assuming the user wishes to delete that particular bar code from memory they press the enter button  28 . This causes a screen  184  shown in  FIG. 61  to be displayed on the portable terminal. This screen includes the prompt message to indicate that the bar code has been deleted. The user may then exit the routine by pressing the on/off button  30 . 
   It should be understood that while the described embodiment operates to store and to reproduce visible indicia corresponding to bar code, other embodiments of the invention may produce other forms of indicia. This may include visual indicia that is intended to be read by machines for identification purposes as well as indicia intended to be read by the human eye. Any form of indicia which can be read, stored in the memory of the multifunction card and/or displayed on the portable terminal is intended to be encompassed by the present invention. As previously discussed, a user&#39;s signature is a further example of visual indicia that may be stored and selectively reproduced. Such indicia may also be transmitted by the terminal to a remote system and used to verify the authenticity of a transaction or for other purposes. 
   The exemplary form of the present invention also operates as a stored value card system and transaction apparatus which operates to store value equivalent to a cash value in the memory of the multifunction card, as well as to transfer value between the card and various accounts. The programmable memory  18  on the multifunction card  12  may include therein any one of a number of different public or proprietary schemes for storing information representative of cash value. This value storage method may be compatible with other terminals which may read the memory and transfer data representative of value to or from the memory, while also operating to transfer funds between accounts of the user and providers of goods, services or cash. 
   It should be understood that the multifunction card of exemplary embodiments may store value in one or several forms of proprietary schemes. For example the card may have cash value stored and associated with a Mondex® scheme. It may have a different cash value stored and associated with a VISA® CASH scheme. The card may also store data representative of cash values in any one of several other schemes. Although the present invention will be described with respect to a card in which value representative of cash is stored thereon with respect to a single scheme, it should be understood that multiple schemes may be used. Further in the following description in which amounts may be transferred between accounts of the user, it is within the scope of the invention to transfer amounts between one stored value proprietary scheme stored in the programmable memory of the card to another proprietary scheme stored within the card. Such transfers may be made in a manner similar to transfers between accounts which are carried out by the terminal as described hereafter, although it should be understood that in such situations additional steps are carried out by the processor in the portable terminal so as to decrement and increment the various stored value amounts stored in the memory of the card. 
   To facilitate accounting for such transactions it will also be desirable for the portable terminal to connect to various remote locations which provide gateways to electronic transaction systems and networks which assure that funds are properly accounted for. For example communication will be carried out with various remote systems to assure that indications are provided that a user has transferred cash value on their card from one stored value card scheme to another. 
   One of the common functions that a user will execute in connection with the exemplary apparatus of the invention is to check the stored value representative of cash that is stored on the programmable memory of the multifunction card. This is represented by the logic flow described with reference to  FIGS. 62 and 63 .  FIG. 62  shows a screen  186 . Screen  186  corresponds to screen  76  of the main menu. Screen  186  prompts a user as to whether they wish to check the stored value balance on their multifunction card. To do so the user presses the enter button  28 . In response to the user selecting this item from the main menu the memory of the card is read and processor  36  causes a screen  188  shown in  FIG. 63  to be displayed on the portable terminal. This screen indicates to the user the current cash value stored on the card. If the multifunction card includes stored value schemes for several different programs, intermediate screens may be provided to prompt the user to select one of the several stored value schemes which are employed on the card. As shown in  FIG. 63  when a user has finished displaying the stored value amount they may exit by pressing the on/off button  30 . 
   The transfer of funds to the memory of the stored value card is represented by  FIGS. 64-74 .  FIG. 64  shows a screen  190 . Screen  190  corresponds to screen  80  in  FIG. 13  of the main menu. A user selects the transaction which includes a transfer of value to their stored value card (which is the multifunction card) by pressing the enter button  28  when screen  190  is displayed. 
   To transfer value representative of cash value onto the memory of the multifunction card, a source of the money to be transferred is identified. This is done by the processor operating in response to the instructions stored on the card to display a screen  192  shown in  FIG. 65 . Screen  192  prompts a user to identify the source of the money to be added into the memory of the card. The user is enabled to select the source by pressing the up and down buttons which causes the various sources of available funds to be selected. Such sources may include money stored in stored value schemes on the memory of the card itself. In the case of screen  192  if the user indicates that they want the source of funds to be their BP_VISA card, this is indicated by pressing the enter button  28  when this card designator is displayed. 
   After the source of the funds is designated, a screen  194  shown in  FIG. 66  is displayed. This screen prompts the user to enter the amount of money to be added to the card. This is done by the user entering a numerical amount in a manner similar to the way that access codes and designators have been previously entered. However in the exemplary form of the invention only numerals may be entered in this step. The user enters the numerical values by scrolling to the particular numerical value desired and then hitting the enter button  28 . This causes the program logic to move to the next value. After all the value characters have been entered as represented by screen  196  in  FIG. 67  the user is prompted through a screen  198  shown in  FIG. 68  as to whether they want to add the amount input to their stored value card. As shown in screen  198  the default value is “yes” however the user may change this to “no” by pressing the down button. For purposes of this example it will be assumed that the user wishes to add that amount and so indicates by pressing the enter button  28 . 
   In response to the user indicating that they wish to add this amount to the data representative of value in the memory of the multifunction card, the processor operates in response to instructions stored on the card memory to contact the remote location appropriate to obtain funds from the user&#39;s BP_VISA account, and to indicate that the amount has been transferred onto the user&#39;s stored value card. In one form of the invention this is accomplished by the processor causing the communications component  52  to dial up the remote location. This is done using the address appropriate for making the connection which is preferably stored in memory on the card. In this case the address may be a telephone number. In alternative forms of the invention the address which the communications component uses to contact the appropriate location may be a node or TCP/IP address in a computer system such as a private intranet or public system such as the internet. The particular approach depends on the nature of the system in which the portable terminal  14  is intended to operate. 
   The portable terminal exchanges messages with the remote location and the computer system therein, which operates to charge the user&#39;s account for the funds which are to be transferred as cash value onto the stored value card. Alternatively the terminal may communicate to a number of locations to indicate both the charge to the user&#39;s account as well as to track accounting entries, so that it is recorded that the user now has such funds available in their particular stored value scheme. Various transaction messages are transferred between one or more remote locations and the portable terminal so as to accomplish the transfer of funds. These messages may be in an ISO 8583 format or appropriate variants thereof, or other proprietary message formats of suitable types, so as to accomplish the transfer of funds and a record thereof. In one exemplary embodiment, while the remote terminal is connecting to the address a screen  200  shown in  FIG. 69  is presented on the display of the remote terminal. As the remote terminal exchanges messages with the remote locations to transfer the funds after the connection has been made, the display of the remote terminal may present the screen  202  shown in  FIG. 70  to indicate that the transaction is going forward. 
   If the transaction is successfully completed the remote terminal displays a screen  204  shown in  FIG. 71  to indicate a transaction has been approved. The logic next moves to cause a screen  206  to be displayed. Screen  206  which is shown in  FIG. 72  is operative to show the user the new stored value balance stored on the multifunction card. 
   If for some reason the terminal is unable to make connections to the remote location, either because it is unable to make a connection or because of some other malfunction, a screen  208  shown in  FIG. 73  may be displayed. This screen prompts a user to select whether to retry the transaction or to quit. Similarly the user may decide to turn the terminal off by pressing the on/off button  30 . Alternatively the user&#39;s request to transfer the funds may be denied by the remote location, such as because it would put the user over their credit limit. In such circumstances the instructions stored in the multifunction card are received from the remote location and causes screen  210  shown in  FIG. 74  to be presented on the terminal. This screen shows the user that the transaction was denied and that their card balance remains at the prior amount. Of course the user is free to again attempt the transaction using a different source of funds, or alternatively to transfer funds from a different stored value scheme stored on the memory of the card. 
   The exemplary form of the invention also enables transferring the value from the stored value card to one of the user&#39;s accounts. This may include for example a checking or savings account which the user maintains with a financial institution. Alternatively this may include transferring value from one stored value scheme stored on the card to another stored value scheme stored on the card. 
   The transfer of value from the stored value card is commenced in an exemplary embodiment of the invention from a screen  212  shown in  FIG. 75 . Screen  212  corresponds to screen  78  in the main menu. Pressing the enter button from this screen causes the processor to execute various instructions on the multifunction card associated with this transaction. 
   In executing the transfer from the card the user is next prompted through a screen  214  shown in  FIG. 76  to identify a destination of the finds. This is done by user using the up and down buttons to select one of the available destinations. In this case the user has selected the account associated with the designator “KEY_BANK_ATM.” The selection is made by pressing the enter button  28 . 
   As shown in  FIG. 77  the user must next enter an amount to be transferred from the memory of the stored value card into the designated account. The user must enter an amount which is prompted through a screen  216 . The entry of an amount is accomplished in the manner previously described by using the up and down buttons and the enter button. In the case of this example the user enters an amount to transfer of $200 as indicated by screen  218  in  FIG. 78 . 
   In response to the user entering the transfer amount the terminal next operates to display a screen  220  shown in  FIG. 79  in which the user is asked to confirm that they wish to make the transfer to the particular account. In the situations where the user is obtaining funds from financial institutions or other sources where they may have multiple accounts, the user may be prompted through additional screens to select particular accounts that may be held at the institutions which are sources of funds. This is demonstrated in  FIGS. 80 and 81 . For example in screen  222  the user is first prompted to state whether they wish to transfer funds to savings. By pressing the down button the user may cause screen  224  to be displayed which then asks them if they prefer to transfer the funds into checking. For purposes of this example it will be assumed that the user wishes to transfer the funds to checking, which they select by pressing button  28  as shown in  FIG. 81 . 
   When the user is transferring funds to or from a debit card account, the PIN number uniquely associated with the user&#39;s account is required to be input to gain access. The nature of the account which the user has identified as the destination or source of funds, is generally indicative that a PIN number is required for access thereto. The instructions stored in memory on the card or the memory of the terminal may cause screens associated with the entry of a PIN number and/or the selection of various accounts to be displayed when particular accounts are selected. 
   In the present example because a bank account which requires the entry of a PIN number is being used as the destination of the funds, the stored instructions cause a screen  226  shown in  FIG. 82  to be displayed. Screen  226  prompts the user to input a PIN number. The user inputs their PIN number either by alphabetic or numerical characters in the manner previously described for entry of designators and numerical values into the remote terminal. Once the user has completed the input of their PIN number as indicated by a screen  228  in  FIG. 83 , they are presented with a prompt that asks them to confirm the PIN number input. Confirming the input in response to this prompt is done by pressing the enter button  28 . In embodiments where the biometrics reader is used, biometric data may be used in addition to or in lieu of a PIN to identify the user to a remote system. Alternatively, a user&#39;s PIN number may be stored on the card. If the user has first identified themselves with an access code or biometric data to operate the terminal with the card, the level of security may be considered already sufficient that the PIN may be recalled from memory and forwarded by the terminal. Alternatively, the user may be required to input biometric data and in response to the proper biometric input the PIN is recovered from the card memory and output by the terminal. 
   After the data required to conduct a transaction has been input, the user is questioned concerning whether they wish for the transaction to proceed. As shown in  FIG. 84  a screen  230  is presented which prompts the user to confirm that they wish the transaction to go forward. Confirmation is presented by pressing the enter button. In response thereto the remote terminal contacts the appropriate computer address to transfer the funds to the account designated. While this is being done the screens  232  and  235  shown in  FIGS. 85 and 86  are displayed. As previously discussed contact may be via a phone system or by computer network to the appropriate address. 
   If the transaction is successfully completed the instructions cause the screen  236  shown in  FIG. 87  to be displayed. In the exemplary form of the invention the instructions then cause the display of the screen  237  which shows the user the amount of value remaining on the card. 
   While various methods of communicating between the remote terminal and the remote locations may be used, in one exemplary embodiment of the invention it is desirable for the communications device to include a wireless modem. The wireless modem enables communication over a cellular telephone network. Appropriate encryption is provided to enhance security. This enables a user to transfer funds between the multifunction card and their various accounts from any convenient location where the user happens to be. This may be particularly advantageous when a user finds that they are in need of cash and do not have an automated teller machine or a telephone line readily available. The user is enabled to load cash value onto the multifunction card so they can complete their transactions. 
   In addition while the exemplary form of the invention has been described as being used to make transactions from value stored on the card to various accounts of the user, forms of the invention may also be used to transfer funds from the stored value card of one user to the stored value card of another user. This enables users to carry out the equivalent of cash transactions using stored value cards. In such circumstances the terminal would contact the appropriate remote locations for recording the transfers of funds for accounting purposes, if necessary. Alternatively if sufficient security is provided, the electronic information corresponding to cash value may be deemed sufficiently self-authenticating so that no independent accounting of the cash value need be kept in an external system. 
   Alternative forms of the present invention may also be used in various ways. For example, forms of the present invention may enable an authorized user to create duplicate credit or debit cards which they may provide to trusted friends or family members on a temporary basis. This will enable such individuals to access funds of the user when needed. This may be appropriate for example when family members are traveling and are separated from the primary card user. 
   As will be appreciated the exemplary form of the present invention enables a user to continue to use a large number of credit cards, debit cards and other various forms of cards and objects bearing indicia, without having to carry those cards on their person. As a result the user is enabled to keep such cards at home or another secure location where they are less likely to be lost or stolen. 
   Further the exemplary form of the present invention is highly flexible in configuration and can accommodate a number of different types of transactions depending on the instructions stored in the memory of the multifunction card and/or the portable terminal. As a result the apparatus and method of the exemplary form of the present invention is highly and readily adaptable to the carrying out of different or additional transaction types, whether financial or otherwise. 
   Thus the new transaction apparatus and method of the present invention achieves at least one of the above stated objectives, eliminates difficulties encountered in the use of prior devices and systems, solves problems and attains the desirable results described herein. 
   In the foregoing description certain terms have been used for brevity, clarity and understanding. However no unnecessary limitations are to be implied therefrom because such terms are used for descriptive purposes and are intended to be broadly construed. Moreover the descriptions and illustrations given herein are by way of examples and the invention is not limited to the exact details shown and described. 
   In the following claims any feature described is a means for performing a function shall be construed as encompassing any means capable of performing the recited function known to those skilled in the art, and shall not be limited to the particular means shown in the foregoing description as performing the recited function or means merely equivalent thereto. 
   Having described the features, discoveries and principals of the invention, the manner in which it is constructed, operated and utilized, and the advantages and useful results attained; the new and useful structures, devices, elements, arrangements, parts, combinations, systems, equipment, operations, methods and relationships are set forth in the appended claims.