Patent Publication Number: US-5025051-A

Title: Synthetic resin composition

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This invention relates to synthetic resin compositions. More specifically, this invention relates to synthetic resin compositions excellent in light resistance and heat resistance. 
     TECHNICAL BACKGROUND 
     It has generally been known that molded articles of synthetic resins such as polyvinyl chloride, a polyethylene and an ABS resin, when used out of doors for a long period of time, are affected by sunrays such as ultraviolet rays, heat rays, etc., and a decline in their mechanical strength or a change in their color is caused thereby. In order to prevent these phenomena, there have been used various ultraviolet ray stabilizers of the benzophenone, benzotriazole, benzoate or piperidine series. Out of these ultraviolet ray stabilizers, the compounds having piperidyl groups, i.e. the so-called hindered amine-type ultraviolet ray stabilizers have been universally used for synthetic resins because of their excellent property of stabilizing ultraviolet rays, and there has been extensively made a study of development and application thereof. 
     It has been known, however, that when compounds having piperidyl groups per se are singly blended with synthetic resins as an ultraviolet ray stabilizer, the activity of the piperidyl groups is imparted by substances contained in said resins and detrimental to the piperidyl groups. As the origin of such substances detrimental to the piperidyl groups, there may be mentioned, for example, catalyst residues at the time of polymerization of said resins, various heat stabilizers for imparting heat stability at the time of processing at high temperatures, halogen-containing resins which per se have detrimental halogens, synthetic resins having fire retardants of the halogen series blended therewith, etc. 
     Compound having piperidyl groups are affected in some way or other by such substances as above contained in synthetic resins and at the time of processing at high temperatures, and there has been observed a decline in the effect of blending. 
     DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of this invention to provide novel synthetic resin compositions. 
     It is another object of this invention to provide synthetic resin compositions excellent in light resistance and heat resistance. 
     It is a further object of this invention to provide novel synthetic resin compositions which can exhibit at its maximum an improvement of light resistance and heat resistance based on compounds having at least one piperidyl group. 
     The further object and advantages of this invention will be made clear from the below description. 
     The above objects and advantages of this invention, according to this invention, can be achieved by synthetic resin compositions comprising 
     (A) 100 parts by weight of a synthetic resin and 
     (B) 0.01-10 parts by weight of a mixed product of 
     (a) a compound having at least one piperidyl group, 
     (b) perchloric acid, and 
     (c) optionally, an inorganic substance other than perchloric acid. 
     The mixed product (B) used in this invention is a mixed product of (a) a compound having at least one piperidyl group and (b) perchloric acid, or a mixed product of (a), (b) and (c) an inorganic substance other than perchloric acid. As the compound having at least one piperidyl group, there may be mentioned, for example, a compound expressed by the below formula (1): ##STR1## wherein r 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 4  are identical or different and each denote a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms; R 5  denotes a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, a hydroxy alkyl group having 2-4 carbon atoms or an acyl group having 2-4 carbon atoms; and R 6  and R 7  are identical or different and each denote a monovalent organic group, for example, an acyloxy group and a substituted amino group, or R 6  and R 7  may together form a substituted alkylenedioxy group, or a polymer expressed by the below formula (2): ##STR2## wherein the definitions of r 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 4  and R 6  are the same as in the above formula (1); X denotes a group -NH- or -COO-; R 8  denotes a divalent organic group; and n is a number showing a degree of polymerization. 
     As the compounds having piperidyl groups used in this invention, for example, as compounds covered by the above formula (1), there may be mentioned the below compounds: 
     2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidylbenzoate: ##STR3## 
     N-hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidynolbis(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl-propionate): ##STR4## 
     Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate: ##STR5## 
     Bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-04-piperidyl) sebacate: ##STR6## 
     Bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl4-piperidyl)-2-n-butyl-2-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) malonate: ##STR7## 
     Tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) nitrilotriacetate: ##STR8## 
     Tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate: ##STR9## 
     Bis(9-aza-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl03-ethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro [5,5 --3-undercylmethyloxycarbonyloxy)-4,4&#39;-isopropylidenebiscyclohexane: ##STR10## 
     Bix(9-aza-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl-3-hydroxy-methyl-1,5-dioxaspiro [5,5]-3-undercylmethyl) ether: ##STR11## 
     [2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino]2-butyryl[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-imino]: ##STR12## 
     Further, as polymers covered by the above formula (2), there may be mentioned, for example, N-hydroxyethyl02,2,6,6-tetramethyl04piperidynol/dimethyl succinate condensate: ##STR13## 
     Cyaurie chloride/t-octylamine/bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidylamino)hexame condensate: ##STR14## 
     Poly[6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl]-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino]hexamethylene[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl-imino)]: ##STR15## 
     As the compounds having piperidyl groups used in this invention, there are preferred compounds expressed by the above formula (1) and having 1 to 4 piperidyl groups. More preferably, these compounds have a molecular weight of 80-800. 
     The polymers expressed by the above formula (2) have at least n piperidyl groups. n is usually a number of 2-15. 
     Further, for the mixed product used in this invention, there are used (b) perchloric acid and optionally an inorganic substance other than perchloric acid. 
     As the inorganic substance other than perchloric acid, there may be mentioned, for example, an oxide, hydroxide, inorganic acid salt, basic inorganic acid salt or double salt of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Al, Sn and Pb, further a metallic aluminum powder, or a metal oxide such as SnO 2 , TiO 2  or ZrO 2 . 
     As the oxide of the metal mentioned in the above group, there may be mentioned, for example, MgO, CaO, BaO, ZnO, SrO 2 , or PbO, and as the hydroxide of said metal, there may be mentioned, for example, LiOH, Mg(OH) 2 , Ca(OH) 2  or Al(OH) 3 . 
     As the inorganic acid which provides an inorganic acid salt or basic inorganic acid salt of a metal, there may be mentioned, for example, phosphoric acid, phosphorus acid, sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid, carbonic acid, boric acid or silicic acid. 
     The inorganic acid salt or basic inorganic acid salt can be produced by an ordinary method such as coprecipitation or fusion, for example, from the abovementioned inorganic acid and metal or an oxide or hydroxide of said metal. 
     The basic inorganic acid salt may also be an optional mixture of an inorganic acid salt and an oxide or hydroxide. 
     These salts may also be in the form of a double salt. Further, these salts may also be anhydrides or those having crystal water. 
     As the inorganic acid salt in the form of an anhydride, there may be mentioned, for example, LiSiO 3 , Na 2  SO 4 , Na 2  HPO 4 , K 2  CO 3 , Mg(PO) 2 , Mg(NO 3 ) 2 , CaCO 3 , SrHPO 4 , BaSiO 3 , ZnPO 4 , Al 2  (HPO 3 ) 3 , SnHPO 3 , PbSiO 3 , ZnB 4  O 7  or Ba(BO 2 ) 2 . 
     As the basic inorganic acid salt in the form of an anhydride, there may be mentioned, for example, 2CaO.Na 3  PO 4 , MgO.K 2  SiO 3 , Mg(OH) 2 .MgCO 3 , Al(OH) 3 .MgSO 4 , 3CaO.Ca 3  (PO 4 ) 2 , Sr(OH) 2 .Sr 3  (PO 4 ) 2 , 3BaO.Ba 2  SiO 3 , 2ZnO.ZnHPO 3 , Al 2  O 3 .Al(PHO 3 ) 3 , 3SnO.Sn 3  (PO 4 ) 2 , 3PbO.PbSO 4  or 5Ca(OH) 2 .Ca 2  (BO 3 ) 2 . 
     Further, in this invention, as the inorganic salt, there may be used a complex compound of Mg and Al hydroxide having a composition expressed by the below formula: 
     
         Mg.sub.1-x Al.sub.x (OH).sub.2 (A).sub.x/2.mH.sub.x O 
    
     wherein x is a number which satisfies 0&lt;×≦0.5, 
     A is CO 3   2-  or SO 3   2- , and m is a number of 0-5, which is known as a hydrotalcite compound. A compound having a composition equivalent to the composition in which in the above compositional formula, part or all of Mg has been substituted with a divalent metal such as Ca, Sr, Ba or Zn can also be used as the inorganic salt. 
     As the inorganic substance, the above-mentioned compounds may be used singly or in combination. 
     The mixed product (B) used in this invention can be prepared by mixing a compound (a) having at least one piperidyl group and perchloric acid (b) and optionally an inorganic substance (c) other than perchloric acid in an optional order. When the compound (a) and the perchloric acid (b) are used, it is a matter of course to mix these compounds with each other. When the compound (a), the perchloric acid (b) and the inorganic substance (c) are used, there may be mentioned four methods: a method of first mixing the compound (a) with the inorganic substance (c) and then mixing the mixture with the compound (b); a method of first mixing the compound (a) with the compound (b) and then mixing the mixture with the inorganic substance (c); a method of first mixing the inorganic substance (c) with the compound (b) and then mixing the mixture with the compound (a); and a method of simultaneously mixing the compound (a), the inorganic substance (c) and the compound (b). Of these methods, the method of first mixing the compound (a) with the inorganic substance (c) and then mixing the mixture with the compound (b) is preferred, because the resulting mixed product is obtained as a comparatively good powdery substance. If the resulting mixed product is in not very good powdery conditions, it is desirable to pulverize the mixed product into a good powdery substance for use. 
     The mixed product used in this invention has an average particle diameter of preferably 100-1 μm, more preferably 10-1 μm. 
     The ingredients may be mechanically and directly mixed using no medium. They can also be mixed in an inert medium such as an alcohol, for instance. 
     Proportions in which the compound (a), perchloric acid (b) and inorganic substance (c) are mixed may be 0.05-19 parts by weight each of the perchloric acid (b) and inorganic substance (c) per 1 part by weight of the compound (a), but more preferably 0.1-5 parts by weight of the perchloric acid (b) and 0.1-16 parts by weight of the inorganic substance (c) per 1 part by weight of the compound (a). The most preferable proportions are those within the above-mentioned ranges and in which, for instance, the resulting mixed product has not a pH of 3 or below, i.e. strong acidity. 
     It is not necessarily clear what compound the mixed product (B) used in this invention is. It is believed, however, that when the compound (a) is expressed, for example, by the above formula (1), between the compound (a) and the perchloric acid (b), there is formed an addition compound which is expressed by the below formula (1)&#39;: ##STR16## wherein the definitions of R 1  -R 5  are the same as defined in the formula (1), and m is a number of 0.01-1. 
     Further, it is suggestive, it is believed, that as a compound which is formed among the compound (a), the perchloric acid (b) and the inorganic substance (c), between the perchloric acid (b) and the inorganic substance (c), there is formed a compound expressed by the below formula: 
     
         Mg.sub.4.5 Al.sub.2 (OH).sub.13.(CO.sub.3).sub.0.5 (ClO.sub.4).sub.1.0.3.5H.sub.2 O 
    
     or 
     
         Mg.sub.4.5 Al.sub.2 (OH).sub.13.(ClO.sub.4).sub.2.0.3.5H.sub.2 O 
    
     in accordance with an amount of the perchloric acid (b) in the case where the inorganic substance (c) is a hydrotalcite group compound having a composition, for example, of Mg 4 .5 Al 2  (OH) 13 .CO 3 .3.5H 2  O, or there is formed a compound expressed by the below formula: 
     
         Mg(OH)(ClO.sub.4).H.sub.2 O 
    
     or 
     
         Mg(ClO.sub.4).sub.2.2H.sub.2 O 
    
     in accordance with an amount of the perchloric acid (b) in the case where the inorganic substance (c) is magnesium hydroxide. 
     As the synthetic resin (A) used in this invention, there may be mentioned, for example, a halogen-containing resin, a polyolefin resin, a copolymer of an olefin and a vinyl group-containing carboxylic acid or its ester, a styrene resin, a polyester resin, a polyamide resin, a polyacrylonitrile resin, a polymethacrylic resin, a polycarbonate resin, a polyacetal resin, a polyvinyl acetate resin, a polyurethane resin, an epoxy resin, an urea resin, a melamine resin, and a phenol resin. 
     Of these resins, as the halogen-containing resin, there may be mentioned, for example, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl bromide, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene chloride, chlorinated polyethylene, chlorinated polypropylene, brominated polyethylene, chlorinated rubber, a vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer, a vinyl chloride/ethylene copolymer, a vinyl chloride/propylene copolymer, a vinyl chloride/styrene copolymer, a vinyl chloride/isobutylene copolymer, a vinyl chloride/vinylidene chloride copolymer, a vinyl chloride/styrene/maleic anhydride terpolymer, a vinyl chloride/styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer, a vinyl chloride/butadiene copolymer, a vinyl chloride/isoprene copolymer, a vinyl chloride/ chlorinated propylene copolymer, a vinyl chloride/ vinylidene chloride/vinyl acetate terpolymer, a vinyl chloride/acrylate copolymer, a vinyl chloride/maleate copolymer, a vinyl chloride/methacrylate copolymer, a vinyl chloride/acrylonitrile copolymer, a vinyl chloride/urethane copolymer, etc. 
     As the polyolefin resin, there may be mentioned, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polyisobutylene, etc. 
     As the copolymer of an olefin and a vinyl group-containing carboxylic acid or its ester, there may be mentioned, for example, a copolymer of an olefin such as ethylene, propylene, butylene or isobutylene and a vinyl group-containing carboxylic acid or its ester such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl benzoate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, an acrylic ester or methacrylic ester. 
     As the styrene resin, there may be mentioned, for example, polystyrene, AS, ABS, etc. 
     As the polyester resin, there may be mentioned, for example, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, etc. 
     Though there have been given no examples of the other synthetic resins, this invention is applied to synthetic resins known to persons skilled in the art. 
     Further, a blend of synthetic resins, for example, the so-called polymer blend such as a blend of a vinyl chloride resin and an ABS resin or a blend of a vinyl chloride resin and a polyurethane resin is also used as the synthetic resin (A) in this invention. 
     The synthetic resin compositions of this invention contain 0.01-10 parts by weight of the mixed product (B) in this invention per 100 parts by weight of the synthetic resin (A). If the amount of said mixed product is below the lower limit, said mixed product will have little effect. If the amount of said mixed product exceeds the upper limit, no effect can be expected from the increased amount, and this is useless from the mixed product economical point of view. Preferably, said is contained in an amount of 0.1-3 parts by weight based on the same as above. 
     The synthetic resin is blended with a fire retardant for the purpose of making the resin fire retardant. The compositions of this invention also exhibit an improvement effect in the case where there is blended a fire retardant, especially a retardant of the halogen series. 
     The compositions of this invention containing a fire retardant, for example, a fire retardant of the halogen series exhibit more excellent stability to ultraviolet rays and more excellent fire retardancy than known resin compositions containing an ultraviolet stabilizer having piperidyl groups and a fire retardant of the halogen series. 
     As the fire retardant of the halogen series which is used for the composition of this invention, there may be mentioned, for example, halogen-containing phosphoric esters, aliphatic chlorides, aliphatic bromides, aromatic chlorides, aromatic bromides, etc., i.e. halogen-containing phosphoric esters such as trischloroethyl phosphate, tris(dichloropropyl) phosphate, trischloropropyl phosphate, tris-dichloropropyl chloropropyl phosphate, bischloropropyl dichloropropyl phosphate, bischloropropyl chloroethyl phosphate, bischloroethyl dichloropropyl phosohate, tris(dibromopropyl) phosphate and tris(bromochloropropyl) phosphate; and chlorides or bromides of aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons such as acetylene tetrabromide, dibromotetrachloroethane, tetrabromoethane, tetrabromobutane, acetic acid dibromide, ethylbenzene pentabromide, benzene tetrabromide, benzene pentabromide, benzene hexabromide, pentabromo-cyclohexane chloride, ethane hexachloride, methane diiodide, ammonium bromide, brominated polyphenyl, chlorinated polyphenyl, perchloropentacyclodecane, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, 1,2,3-tribromopropane, hexabromocyclododecane, chlorinated diphenyl, chlorotetrabromoethane, tetrabromobisphenol A, tetrabromophthalic anhydride, hexabromocyclododecane, bis(bromoethylether)tetrabromobisphenol A, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, chlorendic acid, chlorentic acid, chlorinated paraffin, tribromopolystyrene and decabromodiphenoxyethane. 
     The compositions of this invention exhibit especially excellent light resistance and heat resistance in the case where the synthetic resin (A) is a halogen containing resin and/or contains a fire retardant of the halogen series. 
     Further, for the compositions of this invention, there may be used one or more types of common additive according to types of the synthetic resin. As such additives, there may be mentioned, for example, antioxidants, organic phosphite compounds, ultraviolet stabilizers, metal salts of organic acids, oxides of metals, hydroxides of metals, basic salts of inorganic acids, hydrotalcite compounds, metal salts of organic phosphoric acid, polyols, nitrogen-containing nonmetallic compounds, beta-diketone compounds, epoxy compounds, organic tin compounds, etc. 
     Of these common additives, metal salts of organic acids and organic phosphite compounds have the effect of further improving the properties of the compositions of this invention. 
     As such organic acids, for example, carboxylic acids or phenols are preferred, and as the salts thereof, for example, salts of Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Cd, Pb and Sn are preferred. As such carboxylic acids, there may be mentioned, for example, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylhexoic acid, tridecanoic acid, capric acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, thioglycolic acid, mercaptopropionic acid, laurylmercaptopropionic acid, benzoic acid, p-t-butylbenzoic acid, dimethylbenzoic acid, aminobenzoic acid, salicylic acid, amino acid, glutamic acid, oxalic acid, glutaric acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, adipic acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, thiodipropionic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, mellitic acid, etc. 
     As examples of the phenols, there may be mentioned phenol, nonylphenol, t-butylphenol, octylphenol, isoamylphenol, cresol, xylate, etc. 
     As examples of preferred organic phosphite compounds, there may be mentioned isooctylphosphite, phosphite, trilaurylphosphite, tristearylphosphite, tridipropyleneglycolphosphite, diphenylphosphite, triisononylphenylphosphite, triphenylphosphite, diphenylisodecylphosphite, diphenylisooctylphosohite, phenyldiisooctylphosphite, diisodecylpentaerythritoldiphosphite, tetraphenyldipropyleneglycoldiphosphite, polydipropyleneglycolphenylphosphite, trilauryltrithiophosphite, trisnonylphenylphosphite, distearylpentaerythritoldiphosphite, bis(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)pentaerythritoldiphosphite, dilaurylphosphite, ditridecylphosphite, ethylhexyldiphenylphosphite, phenylneopentyleneglycolphosphite, heptakistripropyleneglycolphosphite, diphenyldidecyl(2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentadiol)diphosphite, diisooctylphenylphosphite, poly4,4&#39;-isopropylidenephenolneodol 25 alcohol phosphite, etc. Further, fire retardant aids such as antimony trioxide and inorganic borates, plasticizers, lubricants, pigments, foaming agents, fillers, antistatic agents, heavy metal-inactivating agents, nucleating agents, processing aids, etc. may be added, as required, to the compositions of this invention. 
    
    
     With reference to examples, this invention will be more specifically described below. 
     Table 1 below shows mixed products used in Examples 1-16 and compounds having piperidyl groups used for the production thereof. 
     
                                           TABLE 1                                 
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                          Mixed product                                   
                          Amount of compound used                         
                                Perchloric acid                           
                                (in terms of                              
Compound having piperidyl group                                           
                          Piperidyl                                       
                                100% per-                                 
Compound               abb.                                               
                          compound                                        
                                chloric acid)                             
                                        abb.                              
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Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate                              
                       a   481 g                                          
                                 200 g  A                                 
   &#34;                   a  481   100     B                                 
2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino]-2-                             
                       c  381   200     C                                 
butyryl[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino]                           
Bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl]-2-n-                               
                       d  685   200     D                                 
butyl-2-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-                                 
malonate                                                                  
Cyanuric chloride/t-octylamine/bis(2,2,6,6-                               
                       e  250    20     E                                 
tetramethyl-4-piperidylamine]hexane condensate                            
Poly[6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl]-                               
                       f  150    54     F                                 
[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino]hexa-                             
methylene[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-                              
imino]                                                                    
__________________________________________________________________________
 
    
     The mixed products were prepared as below. Preparation of mixed products A, B and D: 
     Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate (a) (481 g) was dissolved in 200 g of methanol, and 334 g of an aqueous solution of 60 % perchloric acid (200 g in terms of 100 % perchloric acid) was dropwise added thereto with stirring. After the dropwise addition, the stirring was continued for 1 hour, and the solvent was evaporated to give a white-colored powdery product (A) having a melting point of 140°-150° C. 
     In the same way as above, mixed products B and D were prepared respectively using compounds b and d as compounds having piperidyl groups. Preparation of mixed products E, F and C: 
     An aqueous solution of 20 % perchloric acid (100 g) (20 g in terms of 100 % perchloric acid) was dropwise added with stirring to 250 g of a cyanuric chloride/t-octylamino/bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4piperidylamino)hexane condensate (e). After the dropwise addition, the stirring was continued for about 1 hour, and drying was carried out under reduced pressure to give a white-colored powder (E) having a melting point of 135°-160° C. 
     In the same way as above, mixed products F and C were prepared respectively using compounds f and c as compounds having piperidyl groups. 
     EXAMPLES 1-4 and COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1-3 
     In each run, test sheets having a thickness of 0.5 mm were prepared by means of a kneading roll using a blend of the below formulation: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Polyvinyl chloride 100    parts by weight                                 
                          (halogen resin)                                 
DOP                40     parts by weight                                 
Epoxidized soybean oil                                                    
                   1.0    parts by weight                                 
TiO.sub.2          1.0    parts by weight                                 
Ba-nonylphenate    0.8    parts by weight                                 
Zn-stearate        0.2    parts by weight                                 
Mixed product      0.2    parts by weight                                 
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     The test sheets were examined for discoloration under the conditions of 180°C., 15 minutes and 30 minutes using a Geer oven, and a degree of discoloration was visually judged. Further, a degradation by light was measured using a sunshine weatherometer. A degree of degradation was expressed by a retention of elongation (%) after an elapse of 400 hours. Furthermore, the degree of discoloration of the test sheets after an elapse of the same period of time as above was visually observed, and a color tone was also described. It is shown that the closer the retention of elongation is to 100 %, the less the degradation by light is. For comparison, the same tests were conducted on a blend of the same formulation except that 0.2 part by weight of a compound having piperidyl groups was used instead of 0.2 part by weight of the mixed product. The results are shown in Table 2. 
     
                                           TABLE 2                                 
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          Mixed product       Sunshine weatherometer                      
          or compound         (400 hours)                                 
       Run                                                                
          having  Discoloration at 180° C.                         
                              Retention of                                
                                      Color of                            
       No.                                                                
          piperidyl group                                                 
                  15 min.                                                 
                        30 min.                                           
                              elongation (%)                              
                                      test piece                          
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Example                                                                   
       1  A       white pale yellow                                       
                              95      pale yellow                         
       2  B       white pale yellow                                       
                              90      pale yellow                         
       3  D       white pale yellow                                       
                              95      pale yellow                         
       4  E       white pale yellow                                       
                              90      pale yellow                         
Comparative                                                               
       1  a       pale brown                                              
                        brown 66      brown                               
Example                                                                   
       2  d       pale brown                                              
                        brown 72      brown                               
       3  e       pale brown                                              
                        brown 61      brown                               
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     EXAMPLES 5-6 and COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 4-5 
     In each run, test sheets having a thickness of 0.5 mm were prepared by kneading and then pressing a blend of the below formulation: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Polyethylene      100    parts by weight                                  
                         (non-halogen resin)                              
Perchloropenta-   15     parts by weight                                  
cyclodecane              (fire retardant of                               
                         the halogen series)                              
Ca stearate       1.0    parts by weight                                  
Pentaerythrityl-tetrakis-                                                 
                  0.2    parts by weight                                  
[3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-                                                     
hydroxyphenyl)propionate                                                  
Distearylthiodipropionate                                                 
                  0.1    parts by weight                                  
Mixed product     0.2    parts by weight                                  
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     A period of time till the test sheets brittled (light resistance) was measured using a sunshine weatherometer. Further, a degree of discoloration after an elapse of 500 hours was measured. The results are shown in Table 3. 
     
                       TABLE 3                                                     
______________________________________                                    
                  Sunshine weatherometer                                  
         Mixed product        Degree of                                   
         or compound          discoloration                               
         having    Light      after an                                    
         piperidyl resistance elapse of                                   
         group     (hours)    500 hrs.                                    
______________________________________                                    
Example 5      C           1030     pale yellow                           
        6      F           1150     pale yellow                           
Compara-                                                                  
        4      c            750     pale brown                            
tive    5      f            870     pale brown                            
Example                                                                   
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     In Comparative Examples 4 and 5, there was used a blend of the same formulation as in Example 5 except that 0.2 part by weight of the mentioned compound having piperidyl groups was used instead of 0.2 part by weight of the mixed product. 
     EXAMPLES 714 9 and COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 6-7 
     In each run, test sheets having a thickness of 0.5 mm were prepared by kneading and then pressing a blend of the below formulation: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Polypropylene     100    parts by weight                                  
                         (non-halogen resin)                              
Tribromopolystyrene                                                       
                  10     parts by weight                                  
                         (fire retardant of                               
                         the halogen series)                              
Ca stearate       0.3    parts by weight                                  
Pentaerythrityl-tetra-                                                    
                  0.2    parts by weight                                  
kis[3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-                                                  
hydroxyphenyl)propionate                                                  
Mixed product     0.3    parts by weight                                  
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     A period of time till the test sheets brittled (light resistance) was measured using a fadeometer. The results are shown in Table 4. 
     For comparison, the same tests were conducted on a blend of the same formulation as above except that 0.3 part by weight of a compound having piperidyl groups was used instead of 0.3 part by weight of the mixed product. 
     
                       TABLE 4                                                     
______________________________________                                    
        Mixed product                                                     
        or compound                                                       
        having      Light resistance measured                             
        piperidyl   by means of a fedeometer                              
        group       (hours)                                               
______________________________________                                    
Example 7     A             610                                           
        8     D             650                                           
        9     E             720                                           
Compara-                                                                  
        6     a             450                                           
tive    7     e             510                                           
Example                                                                   
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     EXAMPLES 10-12 and COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 8-9 
     In each run, test sheets having a thickness of 2 mm were prepared by kneading and then pressing a blend of the below formulation: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
ABS resin         100    parts by weight                                  
                         (non-halogen resin)                              
Tetrabromobisphenol A                                                     
                  9      parts by weight                                  
                         (fire retardant of                               
                         the halogen series)                              
4,4&#39;-butyridenebis-                                                       
                  0.1    parts by weight                                  
(3-methyl-6-t-butyl-                                                      
phenol)                                                                   
Mixed product     0.2    parts by weight                                  
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     A retention of tensile strength of the test sheets after an elapse of 500 hours in a weatherometer was measured. For comparison, the same tests as above were conducted on a blend of the same formulation as above except that 0.2 part by weight of a compound having piperidyl groups was used instead of 0.2 part by weight of the mixed product. 
     The results are shown in Table 5. 
     
                       TABLE 5                                                     
______________________________________                                    
                             Retention                                    
                Mixed product or                                          
                             of tensile                                   
         Run    compound having                                           
                             strength                                     
         No.    piperidyl group                                           
                             (%)                                          
______________________________________                                    
Example    10       C            81                                       
           11       D            80                                       
           12       F            85                                       
Comparative                                                               
            8       c            55                                       
Example     9       f            63                                       
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     EXAMPLES 13-16 
     In each run, test sheets having a thickness of 0.5 mm were prepared by kneading a blend of the below formulation at a temperature of 180° C. using a kneading roll. A retention of elongation and a degree of discoloration after an elapse of 1000 hours were measured using a sunshine weatherometer. 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Polyvinyl chloride                                                        
                 70    parts by weight                                    
                       (halogen resin)                                    
ABS resin        30    parts by weight                                    
                       (non-halogen resin)                                
Trisdibromopropyl                                                         
                 0.2   parts by weight                                    
phosphate              (fire retardant of                                 
                       the halogen series                                 
DOP              30    parts by weight                                    
Calcium carbonate                                                         
                 10    parts by weight                                    
Ba-stearate      1.0   parts by weight                                    
Zn-octoate       0.5   parts by weight                                    
ST-210*.sup.1    0.5   parts by weight                                    
Mixed product C  0.3   parts by weight                                    
Organic phosphite      mentioned in Table 6                               
compound                                                                  
______________________________________                                    
 *.sup.1 A partial ester of dipentaerythritol dibasic acid, a product of  
 Ajinomoto K.K.                                                           
 
    
     The results are shown in Table 6. 
     
                       TABLE 6                                                     
______________________________________                                    
                     Sunshine weatherometer                               
Organic phosphite compound                                                
                     (1000 hours)                                         
                    Amount   Retention                                    
Ex-                 added    of elon-                                     
ample               (part by gation  Color of                             
No.   Type          weight)  (%)     test piece                           
______________________________________                                    
13    Diphenyldecyl 0.8      70      pale yellow                          
      phosphite                                                           
14    Tetra(tridecyl)-                                                    
                    0.4      65      pale yellow                          
      4,4&#39;-isopropylidene-                                                
      diphenyldiphosphite                                                 
15    Trisnonylphenyl-                                                    
                    0.4      60      pale yellow                          
      phosphite                                                           
16    Distearylpentaery-                                                  
                    0.2      63      pale yellow                          
      thritoldiphosphite                                                  
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     The mixed products used in Examples 17-44 were prepared as follows using the compound having piperidyl groups mentioned in Table 1. 
     PREPARATION OF MIXED PRODUCT G 
     The compound a mentioned in Table 1 (481 g) as the compound having piperidyl groups and 507 g of a hydrotalcite compound Mg 4 .5 Al 2  (OH) 13  CO 3 .3.5H 2  O (trade name: DHT-4A, a product of Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), as an inorganic substance were mixed with each other for 5 minutes by means of a high-speed Henschel mixer to give 985 g of a mixture (hereinafter referred to as a preparatory mixture). 
     The preparatory mixture (985 g) and 500 g of methanol were stirred by means of a universal stirrer for a powdery substance into a slurry. Perchloric acid (361 g) was dropwise added to the slurry with stirring. After the dropwise addition, the stirring was continued for 1 hour. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was pulverized to give a white-colored powdery product G. 
     PREPARATION OF MIXUTRE PRODUCT H 
     A preparatory mixture (985 g) prepared in the same formulation as in case of the mixed product G was put in a universal stirrer for a powdery substance and stirred in a state of powdery substance. Perchloric acid (120 g) was dropwise added thereto with stirring. After one hour of the stirring, the mixture was dried under reduced pressure and pulverized to give a white-colored powdery product H. 
     PREPARATION OF MIXED PRODUCT M 
     The compound f mentioned in Table 1 (1500 g) as a compound having piperidyl groups and 420 g of MgCO 3  and 405 g of Ca 3  (PO 4 ) 3  as inorganic substances were mixed with each other for 5 minutes by means of a high-speed Henschel mixer to give 2320 g of a preparatory mixture. 
     The preparatory mixture (2320 g) and 1000 g of methanol were stirred by means of a universal stirrer for a powdery substance to give a slurry. Perchloric acid (1500 g) was dropwise added bit by bit to the slurry with stirring. When 1500 g of the perchloric acid was dropwise added, the slurry showed a pH of 6.8, and so the dropwise addition of the perchloric acid was terminated. The stirring was further continued for 1 hour. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was pulverized to give a white-colored powdery product M. 
     PREPARATION OF MIXED PRODUCT N 
     A preparatory mixture (2320 g) prepared in the same formulation as in case of the mixed product M was put in a universal stirrer for a powdery substance, and 700 g of perchloric acid was dropwise added thereto. Stirring was carried out for 1 hour. Then, the mixture was dried under reduced pressure and pulverized to give a white-colored powdery product N. 
     Mixed products I, J, K and L were prepared in the formulations mentioned in Table 7 below in the same way as in case of the mixed products G, H, M and N. In Table 7, there was also mentioned the formulation each of the mixed products G, H, M and N. 
     
                       TABLE 7                                                     
______________________________________                                    
      Compounds                                                           
      having                        Per-                                  
      piperidyl                     chloric                               
Mixed group       Inorganic substance                                     
                                    acid                                  
pro-         Amount              Amount Amount                            
duct  abb.   used     Compound   used   used                              
______________________________________                                    
G     a       481 g   DHT-4A      507 g 361 g                             
H     &#34;      &#34;         &#34;         &#34;      120 g                             
I     c      381      Alcamizer-4*                                        
                                 270    150 g                             
                      SiO.sub.2  100                                      
J     &#34;      &#34;        Ca(OH).sub.2                                        
                                 110    240 g                             
                      Al powder   9                                       
K     d      685      Ba(OH).sub.2.BaSO.sub.4                             
                                 202    210 g                             
L     e      250      DHT-4A     507    250 g                             
                      3SnO.Sn.sub.3 (PO.sub.4).sub.2                      
                                 158                                      
M     f      150      MgCO.sub.3  42    150 g                             
                      Ca.sub.3 (PO.sub.4).sub.3                           
                                  41                                      
N     &#34;      150      MgCO.sub.3  42     70 g                             
                      Ca.sub.3 (PO.sub.4).sub.3                           
                                  41                                      
______________________________________                                    
 *Alcamizer-4, the trade name of a product of Kyowa Chemical Industry Co.,
 Ltd. (a hydrotalcite compound in which part of Mg is substituted with Zn)
 
    
     EXAMPLES 1714 23 and COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 
     In each run, test sheets having a thickness of 0.5 mm were prepared by means of a kneading roll using a blend of the below formulation: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Polyvinyl chloride 100    parts by weight                                 
DOP                40     parts by weight                                 
Epoxidized soybean oil                                                    
                   2.0    parts by weight                                 
TiO.sub.2          0.5    parts by weight                                 
Ba-nonylphenate    0.7    parts by weight                                 
Zn-stearate        0.3    parts by weight                                 
Mixed product      mentioned in Table 8                                   
mentioned in Table 8                                                      
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     The test sheets were examined for discoloration under the conditions of 180° C., 15 minutes and 30 minutes using a Gear oven, and a degree of discoloration was visually judged. Degradation by light was measured using a sunshine weatherometer. A degree of degradation was expressed by a retention of elongation (%) after an elapse of 800 hours. The degree of discoloration of the test sheets after an elapse of the same period of time was visually observed, and a color tone has also been described. It is shown that the closer the retention of elongation is to 100 %, the less the degradation by light is. For comparison, the same tests as above were conducted on preparatory mixtures corresponding to the mixed products prior to preparation with perchloric acid. The results are shown in Table 8. 
     In Table 8, G-N in the column of types of mixed products respectively denote the mixed products mentioned in Table 7, G&#39;-N&#39; denote corresponding preparatory mixtures (mixed products of a compound having piperidyl groups and an inorganic substance; The same applies to the following.), and a denotes the compound having piperidyl groups mentioned in Table 1. 
     
                                           TABLE 8                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
       Mixed product          Sunshine weatherometer (800 hours)          
          Amount of the                                                   
                  Discoloration at 180° C.                         
                              Retention of                                
                                        Color of                          
Run No.                                                                   
       Type                                                               
          product used                                                    
                  15 min.                                                 
                        30 min.                                           
                              elongation (%)                              
                                        test piece                        
__________________________________________________________________________
Example                                                                   
17     G  0.2     white pale yellow                                       
                              90        pale yellow                       
18     H  0.2     &#34;     &#34;     87        &#34;                                 
19     I  0.2     &#34;     &#34;     90        &#34;                                 
20     J  0.2     &#34;     &#34;     85        &#34;                                 
21     K  0.2     &#34;     &#34;     83        &#34;                                 
22     L  0.2     &#34;     &#34;     92        &#34;                                 
23     M  0.2     &#34;     &#34;     90        &#34;                                 
24     N  0.2     &#34;     &#34;     85        &#34;                                 
Comparative                                                               
Example                                                                   
10      G&#39;                                                                
          0.2     pale yellow                                             
                        brown 65        brown                             
11      H&#39;                                                                
          0.2     &#34;     &#34;     60        &#34;                                 
12      I&#39;                                                                
          0.2     &#34;     &#34;     67        &#34;                                 
13      J&#39;                                                                
          0.2     &#34;     &#34;     60        &#34;                                 
14      K&#39;                                                                
          0.2     &#34;     &#34;     65        &#34;                                 
15      L&#39;                                                                
          0.2     &#34;     &#34;     73        &#34;                                 
16      M&#39;                                                                
          0.2     &#34;     &#34;     65        &#34;                                 
17      N&#39;                                                                
          0.2     &#34;     &#34;     60        &#34;                                 
18     a  0.1     &#34;     &#34;     58        &#34;                                 
19     a  0.2     &#34;     &#34;     75        &#34;                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
 
    
     EXAMPLES 24-27 and COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 20-23 
     In each run, test pieces were prepared by extrusion molding using a blend of the below formulation: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Polyethylene        100    parts by weight                                
Ca stearate         1.0    parts by weight                                
Pentaerythrityl-tetra-                                                    
                    0.2    parts by weight                                
kis[3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-                                                  
hydroxyphenyl) propionate                                                 
Dilaurylthiodipropionate                                                  
                    0.1    parts by weight                                
Mixed product       0.2    parts by weight                                
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     A period of time till the test pieces brittled (light resistance) was measured using a sunshine weatherometer. A degree of discoloration after an elapse of 800 hours was measured. The results are shown in Table 9. For comparison, the same tests as above were conducted on preparatory mixtures, and the results are also shown in Table 9. 
     
                       TABLE 9                                                     
______________________________________                                    
              Sunshine weatherometer                                      
                    Light     Degree of discolor-                         
          Mixed     resistance                                            
                              ation after an                              
Run No.   product   (hours)   elapse of 800 hrs.                          
______________________________________                                    
Example                                                                   
24        G         1600      white                                       
25        I         1500      white                                       
26        K         1650      white                                       
27        M         1450      white                                       
Comparative                                                               
Example                                                                   
20         G&#39;       1100      pale yellow                                 
21         I&#39;       1000      pale yellow                                 
22         K&#39;       1100      pale yellow                                 
23         M&#39;        900      pale yellow                                 
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     EXAMPLES 2814 31 and COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 24-31 
     In each run, test sheets having a thickness of 0.5 mm were prepared by kneading and then press molding using a blend of the below formula: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Polypropylene       100    parts by weight                                
Ca stearate         0.5    parts by weight                                
Pentaerythrityl-tetra-                                                    
                    0.3    parts by weight                                
kis[3-(3,5-di-5-butyl-4-                                                  
hydroxyphenyl) propionate                                                 
Mixed product       Mentioned in Table 10                                 
(in Table 10)                                                             
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     A period of time till the test sheets brittled (light resistance) was measured using a fadeometer. The results are shown in Table 10. For comparison, the same tests as above were conducted on preparatory mixtures respectively corresponding to the mixed products and compounds having piperidyl groups. The results are also shown in Table 10. 
     
                       TABLE 10                                                    
______________________________________                                    
                      Light resistance                                    
        Mixed product measured by means                                   
                  Amount of   of a fadeometer                             
Run No.   Type    product used                                            
                              (hours)                                     
______________________________________                                    
Example                                                                   
28        H       0.2         1100                                        
29        J       0.2         1200                                        
30        L       0.2         1000                                        
31        N       0.2         1100                                        
Comparative                                                               
Example                                                                   
24         H&#39;     0.2         500                                         
25         J&#39;     0.2         550                                         
26         L&#39;     0.2         400                                         
27         N&#39;     0.2         550                                         
28        c       0.1         550                                         
29        f       0.1         600                                         
30        c       0.2         850                                         
31        f       0.2         900                                         
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     EXAMPLES 32-37 and COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 32-37 
     In each run, test press pieces were prepared using a blend of the below formulation containing a fire retardant: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Polypropylene       100    parts by weight                                
Fire retardant of   10     parts by weight                                
the halogen series                                                        
(types in Table 11)                                                       
Ca stearate         1.0    parts by weight                                
Dioctyl Sn maleate  1.0    parts by weight                                
Pentaerythrityl-tetra-                                                    
                    0.2    parts by weight                                
kis[3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-                                                  
hydroxyphenyl) propionate                                                 
Mixed product (in Table 11)                                               
                    0.3    parts by weight                                
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     A period of time till the test pieces brittled (light resistance) was measured using a fadeometer. The results are shown in Table 11. 
     
                       TABLE 11                                                    
______________________________________                                    
                              Light resistance                            
                     Mixed    measured by means of                        
Run No.  Fire retardant                                                   
                     product  a fadeometer (hours)                        
______________________________________                                    
Example                                                                   
32       perchloropenta-                                                  
                     G        800                                         
         cyclodecane                                                      
33       perchloropenta-                                                  
                     J        850                                         
         cyclodecane                                                      
34       perchloropenta-                                                  
                     L        700                                         
         cyclodecane                                                      
Comparative                                                               
Example                                                                   
32       perchloropenta-                                                  
                     G&#39;       450                                         
         cyclodecane                                                      
33       perchloropenta-                                                  
                     J&#39;       500                                         
         cyclodecane                                                      
34       perchloropenta-                                                  
                     L&#39;       400                                         
         cyclodecane                                                      
Example                                                                   
35       tribromopoly-                                                    
                     G        900                                         
         styrene                                                          
36       tribromopoly-                                                    
                     J        920                                         
         styrene                                                          
37       tribromopoly-                                                    
                     L        850                                         
         styrene                                                          
Comparative                                                               
Example                                                                   
35       tribromopoly-                                                    
                     G&#39;       500                                         
         styrene                                                          
36       tribromopoly-                                                    
                     J&#39;       550                                         
         styrene                                                          
37       tribromopoly-                                                    
                     L&#39;       450                                         
         styrene                                                          
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     EXAMPLES 38-40 and COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 38-40 
     In each run, test sheets having a thickness of 2 mm were prepared by kneading and then press molding using a blend of the below formulation: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
ABS resin          100    parts by weight                                 
4,4&#39;-butylidenebis(3-                                                     
                   0.2    parts by weight                                 
methyl-6-t-butylphenol)                                                   
Mixed product      0.3    parts by weight                                 
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     A retention of tensile strength after an elapse of 1000 hours was measured using a weatherometer. The results are shown in Table 12. For comparison, the same tests as above were conducted on preparatory mixtures. The results are also mentioned in Table 12. 
     
                       TABLE 12                                                    
______________________________________                                    
              Measured  Retention of                                      
Run No.       product   tensile strength (%)                              
______________________________________                                    
Example                                                                   
38            G         85                                                
39            I         80                                                
40            K         83                                                
Comparative                                                               
Example                                                                   
38             G&#39;       50                                                
39             I&#39;       40                                                
40             K&#39;       45                                                
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     EXAMPLES 41-44 
     In each run, when the mixed product having an average particle diameter of 35 μm in this invention was further finely pulverized into a mixed product having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less, there was given a further improved effect. 
     Test sheets having a thickness of 0.5 mm were prepared by means of a kneading roll using a blend of the below formulation: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Polyvinyl chloride  70     parts by weight                                
ABS resin           30     parts by weight                                
Trisbromopropylphosphate                                                  
                    0.3    parts by weight                                
(fire retardant of the                                                    
halogen series)                                                           
Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3    1.0    parts by weight                                
(fire retardant aid)                                                      
DOP                 40     parts by weight                                
Calcium carbonate   10     parts by weight                                
Ba nonylphenate     1.0    parts by weight                                
Zn octate           0.5    parts by weight                                
ST-210*             0.5    parts by weight                                
Mixed product       0.4    parts by weight                                
(in Table 13)                                                             
______________________________________                                    
 *A partial ester of dipentaerythritol dibasic acid, a product of Ajinomot
 K. K.                                                                    
 
    
     A retention of elongation after an elapse of 100 hours and a degree of discoloration were measured using a sunshine weatherometer. The results are shown in Table 13. 
     
                       TABLE 13                                                    
______________________________________                                    
                   Sunshine weatherometer                                 
Mixed product      (1000 hours)                                           
                 Average   Retention                                      
                 particle  of elong-                                      
                                    Color of                              
Example Type     diameter  ation (%)                                      
                                    test piece                            
______________________________________                                    
41      I         9 μm  70       pale yellow                           
42      M         7 μm  75       pale yellow                           
43      I        35 μm  53       yellow                                
44      M        35 μm  60       yellow                                
______________________________________