Patent Publication Number: US-2022239565-A1

Title: Frame-based network condition indicator for user equipment including for 5g or other next generation user equipment

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
     The subject patent application is a continuation of, and claims priority to, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/867,038, filed May 5, 2020, and entitled “FRAME-BASED NETWORK CONDITION INDICATOR FOR USER EQUIPMENT INCLUDING FOR 5G OR OTHER NEXT GENERATION USER EQUIPMENT,” the entirety of which application is hereby incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The subject application relates to wireless communications systems in general, and more particularly to conveying network communication-related status data to users. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Contemporary wireless communication technologies including Long Term Evolution (LTE) Advanced and Fifth Generation (5G) are introducing new network enhancements and services, including internet of things (IoT), virtual reality (VR) and other real-time applications. The quality of these services can significantly change based on the network conditions (e.g., higher speeds, lower latency) that are available at any given time. 
     However, network indicators on user equipment (UEs) do not adequately show the network capabilities available to support such services. Currently, the network status or quality indicator typically appears at the top of UE screen and only displays a number of bars (1 to 5) that indicate the signal strength, along with a small icon to indicate the communication technology in use, e.g., 3G, 4G, LTE, 5Ge, 5G or 5G+. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments of the subject disclosure are described with reference to the following figures, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various views unless otherwise specified. 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an example user equipment configured with a frame-based indicator to present network-related information, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the subject disclosure. 
         FIGS. 2-4  illustrate various examples of user equipment with frame-based indicators conveying network-related information, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the subject disclosure. 
         FIGS. 5A and 5B  are example representations of wearable user equipment with the thickness of a frame-based indicator conveying network-related information, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the subject disclosure. 
         FIGS. 6A and 6B  are example representations of a user equipment conveying network-related information via a frame-based indicator while an application program is loading ( FIG. 6A ), and operating without the frame-based indicator while the application program is running ( FIG. 6B ), in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the subject disclosure. 
         FIG. 7  illustrates example operations of a user equipment to convey network-related information via a frame-based indicator, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the subject disclosure. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates example operations of a user equipment to convey and update network-related information via a frame-based indicator, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the subject disclosure. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates example operations of a device that generates frame-based indicator data to visibly represent network condition data, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the subject disclosure. 
         FIG. 10  illustrates an example block diagram of an example mobile handset operable to engage in a system architecture that facilitates wireless communications according to one or more embodiments described herein. 
         FIG. 11  illustrates an example block diagram of an example computer/machine system operable to engage in a system architecture that facilitates wireless communications according to one or more embodiments described herein. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The technology described herein is generally directed towards presenting a network indicator on a user equipment, which, from a user&#39;s perspective, conveniently conveys the current network conditions, including by displaying information that indicates the type of service and quality of service the user is likely to experience. In one aspect, a frame-based network indicator is provided to augment the limited information (e.g., signal strength bars and technology icon) currently available on user equipment. 
     As will be understood, the technology described herein provides a dynamic way to show network customers the current network conditions and/or the type and quality of services available, eliminating customer confusion with respect to not knowing what services are available. For example, certain services that a user may wish to invoke can benefit from having more detailed network condition indicators, including to accurately show if a service is available, and/or if a service can operate efficiently and successfully. For example, a UE frame-based indicator as described herein can represent current network capabilities and conditions such as congestion, speed, latency, noise and the like, thereby allowing customers to make informed decisions as to the quality and type of service currently supported by the network. As a more particular example, whether a user has a good or bad experience with respect to playing an interactive streaming video game generally depends on the current latency; a user deciding whether to play such a game can quickly decide whether or not to play based on the current latency conditions as represented in the user equipment&#39;s frame-based indicator. 
     One or more embodiments are now described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various embodiments. It is evident, however, that the various embodiments can be practiced without these specific details (and without applying to any particular networked environment or standard). 
     As used in this disclosure, in some embodiments, the terms “component,” “system” and the like are intended to refer to, or include, a computer-related entity or an entity related to an operational apparatus with one or more specific functionalities, wherein the entity can be either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. As an example, a component may be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, computer-executable instructions, a program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration and not limitation, both an application running on a server and the server can be a component. 
     One or more components may reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component may be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon. The components may communicate via local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network such as the Internet with other systems via the signal). As another example, a component can be an apparatus with specific functionality provided by mechanical parts operated by electric or electronic circuitry, which is operated by a software application or firmware application executed by a processor, wherein the processor can be internal or external to the apparatus and executes at least a part of the software or firmware application. As yet another example, a component can be an apparatus that provides specific functionality through electronic components without mechanical parts, the electronic components can include a processor therein to execute software or firmware that confers at least in part the functionality of the electronic components. While various components have been illustrated as separate components, it will be appreciated that multiple components can be implemented as a single component, or a single component can be implemented as multiple components, without departing from example embodiments. 
     Further, the various embodiments can be implemented as a method, apparatus or article of manufacture using standard programming and/or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware or any combination thereof to control a computer to implement the disclosed subject matter. The term “article of manufacture” as used herein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable (or machine-readable) device or computer-readable (or machine-readable) storage/communications media. For example, computer readable storage media can include, but are not limited to, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD)), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., card, stick, key drive). Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize many modifications can be made to this configuration without departing from the scope or spirit of the various embodiments. 
     Moreover, terms such as “mobile device equipment,” “mobile station,” “mobile,” subscriber station,” “access terminal,” “terminal,” “handset,” “communication device,” “mobile device” (and/or terms representing similar terminology) can refer to a wireless device utilized by a subscriber or mobile device of a wireless communication service to receive or convey data, control, voice, video, sound, gaming or substantially any data-stream or signaling-stream. The foregoing terms are utilized interchangeably herein and with reference to the related drawings. Likewise, the terms “access point (AP),” “Base Station (BS),” BS transceiver, BS device, cell site, cell site device, “gNode B (gNB),” “evolved Node B (eNode B),” “home Node B (HNB)” and the like, can be utilized interchangeably in the application, and can refer to a wireless network component or appliance that transmits and/or receives data, control, voice, video, sound, gaming or substantially any data-stream or signaling-stream from one or more subscriber stations. Data and signaling streams can be packetized or frame-based flows. 
     Furthermore, the terms “user equipment,” “device,” “communication device,” “mobile device,” “subscriber,” “customer entity,” “consumer,” “customer entity,” “entity” and the like may be employed interchangeably throughout, unless context warrants particular distinctions among the terms. It should be appreciated that such terms can refer to human entities or automated components supported through artificial intelligence (e.g., a capacity to make inference based on complex mathematical formalisms), which can provide simulated vision, sound recognition and so forth. 
     Embodiments described herein can be exploited in substantially any wireless communication technology, comprising, but not limited to, wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), global system for mobile communications (GSM), universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), enhanced general packet radio service (enhanced GPRS), third generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE), third generation partnership project 2 (3GPP2) ultra mobile broadband (UMB), high speed packet access (HSPA), Z-Wave, Zigbee and other 802.11 wireless technologies and/or legacy telecommunication technologies. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , a user equipment (UE)  100  obtains network condition information  102 , such as by reports  104  obtained via the communication network with which the UE  100  is communicating, UE measurements  106  (e.g., measured latency), and other measurements and/or reports  108 , such as data download/upload rates which can be measured based on recent data communications and/or obtained via third party program(s). The network condition information  102  can be obtained as a whole or in appropriate parts thereof on demand and/or on some relatively frequent basis so as to be current or generally current in time. 
     In the example of  FIG. 1 , the network condition information  102  is accessed by frame-based indicator controller logic  110 . Any of this network condition information  102  can be made available in a suitable format to a requesting program, e.g., via an interface or the like to the frame-based indicator controller logic  110  (or to a container of the network condition information  102 ), such as called by an operating system module  112  or an application program  114 . 
     As one example, the operating system module  112  can request some portion of the network condition information  102 , such as current latency data, to be returned. The network condition information  102  that is returned as network condition data can be numeric values (e.g., the current value as is) or transformed in some way, such as network condition data reformatted as rendering parameter data, e.g., color, pattern, size or the like. Such parameter data can be based on rules that map to default indicator data  114 ; note that in one or more implementations, some or all of the default indicator data  114  can be overridden by user preference indicator data. 
     As a more particular example, consider that latency data (e.g., a ping&#39;s response time) above some high latency threshold corresponds to a red frame-based indicator, latency below the high latency threshold and above some low latency threshold corresponds to a yellow frame-based indicator, and latency below low latency threshold corresponds to a green frame-based indicator. When queried for latency data, the frame-based indicator controller logic  110  can respond with red, yellow or green by default, or alternatively with a high, medium or low values, such as 3, 2 or 1, respectively. In any event, which component performs the transformation is a design choice; however, what gets rendered (via rendering engine  116 ) on the frame-based network condition indicator  118  of the user equipment display  120  visibly conveys the result to the user. 
     It should be noted that while default indicator data  122  can be predefined, e.g., to provide a red, yellow or green color scheme to display to indicate the current latency conditions, in one or more implementations user preference indicator data  124  can override at least some of the default parameter data. For example, a color-blind user can override the default color scheme with a different, user-customized color scheme, and so on for other accessibility reasons. As another example, certain flash rates can cause medical issues with some individuals, and such individuals can customize any such flash rate or replace the flash rate with a more static indicator. 
     Moreover, the scheme for presenting information can be determined by an application program. By way of another example, consider that the application program  114  can request some or all of the network condition information  102  in numeric form or the like (instead of or in addition to having the data returned as transformed data). In this way, the application program  114  can apply its own scheme for representing the network condition information in a custom way (e.g., as represented in  FIG. 1  by application-custom indicator data  126 ). As a more particular example, a browser program can request current download speed information, and using application-custom indicator parameter data  120  can process the current (numeric) network speed data into visible rendering data. The representation of the speed can be done in various ways, including by animation; for example, a brightened portion or symbol (e.g., a down arrow symbol for download, an up arrow for upload) can be animated to go around the frame-based indicator at a rate that is generally proportional to the current download rate. 
       FIG. 2  shows an example of how a frame-based indicator  218  can be provided on a display screen  220  of a user equipment  200  such as a smartphone, tablet or the like. Because space is limited at the top of the UE screen, the dynamic frame-based indicator  218  (which can be in addition to the signal strength and technology icon currently available) is provided. In general, the frame wraps around (e.g., borders, surrounds, encircles etc.) the main content portion of the display screen, at least in part. As can be readily understood, the size, color, intensity and so on of the frame-based indicator  218  can be used to indicate the various network capabilities and services. 
     As in the example above, the color of the frame can be used to show network latency, which significantly impacts augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) and gaming applications, e.g., the color of the frame (Red-Yellow-Green) can indicate the latency quality. As also described above, a vendor can define default thresholds and rulesets for the frame-based indicator  218 , and/or thresholds and/or rulesets can also be based on crowd-sourced data, at least in part. The frame-based indicator  218  can time out, such as a few seconds after the display screen first lights up, and/or can also alternate to convey different types of information as described herein. A user can manually turn a frame-based indicator on or off, including temporarily (such as by interaction with the display/touchscreen device or by verbal command) or as a semi-permanent device setting. 
     To summarize, one advantage of a frame-based indicator is to show network latency. Note that network latency significantly impacts multiple 5G use cases, including augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), gaming and other real-time applications, yet there is no known contemporary UE indicator today that shows latency. A network demands relatively low latency to support such applications, and the frame-based indicator described herein provides a convenient way for users to know if the network will support a program/service and/or what quality of service can be expected. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , in addition to (or instead of) color, different patterns and the like can be used to convey network condition information. This can help users avoid confusion; in the above examples solid colors can be used to convey latency, and animation can be used to convey download (or upload) speed, which users can get used to. As one example, signal quality can also use color, but with a different background pattern (or possibly a color gradient) so users can easily differentiate between when latency versus signal quality is being represented. 
     The frame-based network indicator can alternate over time to indicate different types of network condition information. For example, particularly if the main selection screen is being presented, the frame-based network indicator can convey latency conditions for a few seconds, followed by download speed for a few seconds, followed by signal quality, and so on. 
     Further, as shown in  FIG. 4 , a frame-based network indicator can have two or more parts, such as an upper part  418   a  and a lower part  418   b . This allows an application program, for example, to simultaneously (instead of alternating) convey two or more pieces of network condition information that may be relevant to that application program&#39;s perceived performance. A multi-part frame-based network indicator can also alternate (in time) one or more of its parts with other network condition information displays. 
     It should be noted that  FIG. 4  also exemplifies an alternative embodiment, (one which is not necessarily tied to a multi-part frame-based network indicator). In  FIG. 4 , it can be seen that the traditional signal bars, current time and battery charge status (as well as any other such icons that tend to always be present) are shown as outside of the frame-based network indicator. Thus, it should be understood that although not explicitly shown, the frame based indicator in the examples of  FIGS. 2 and 3  can similarly wrap around at least part of the main display area without encompassing such traditional icons, or the frame based indicator of  FIG. 4  can encompass such traditional icons, whether or not being a multi-part frame. 
       FIGS. 5A and 5B  show a different type of user equipment, which in this example is a wearable fitness type device  500  with a display  520 . In this example, the thickness of the frame-based network indicator conveys the network condition information, e.g., network congestion. In a first instance, congestion is high, whereby the frame-based network indicator  518   a  is displayed as a relatively thick ring around the inner portion of the display  520 . In a second instance, congestion is lower, whereby the frame-based network indicator  518   b  is displayed as a relatively thin ring around the inner portion of the display  520 . Note that relative thicknesses of a frame-based network indicator are not limited to conveying congestion data. 
     As is understood, the thickness of a frame-based network indicator can be varied with any type of user equipment, such as the user device  200  of the type exemplified in  FIG. 2 . For example, during an event, the network in a venue can get very congested. The UE conventionally may show full bars on LTE or 5G, but the user may still have a hard time accessing the network, which causes user frustration or worse. Indeed, the user can expect to experience a great network performance based on the signal strength, but in reality, the experience is the opposite. Thus, while the signal strength indicator cannot relay the network congestion status to the user, this can be done by a frame-based indicator that more accurately describes a user&#39;s expectations with respect to a network experience; that is, when congested the user can understand that some accessibility issues and/or dropped calls may be experienced. 
     Turning to another aspect, a frame-based network indicator can be temporary, such as controlled by an application program. By way of example,  FIG. 6A  shows a frame-based network indicator  618  that conveys network condition information while an application program (e.g., an interactive streaming game) is loading. Once the game play starts the application program turns off the frame-based network indicator ( FIG. 6B ) so that the full display  620  is available for playing the game. Note that the application program can re-render the frame-based network indicator  618  at any time, such as if the latency suddenly increases and the application program wants to let the user know that it is the network conditions rather than the game itself that is possibly problematic. A configurable time period can be set, e.g., for an actual amount time or a time period corresponding to an event, e.g., the time period for which the frame-based network indicator ends when the game play starts. The frame-based network indicator can be animated out, e.g., the main portion of the display can grow as the frame-based network indicator shrinks, the frame-based network indicator can blink a few times and the disappear, the frame-based network indicator can gradually fade out, and so on. 
     One or more example aspects are represented in  FIG. 7 , and can correspond to a user equipment, comprising a processor, and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor of the user equipment of a communications network, facilitate performance of operations. Operation  702  represents obtaining current network condition information for the communication network. Operation  704  represents outputting network condition data based on the current network condition information to a program for a rendering of a frame-based indicator via a display screen of the user equipment, in which the frame-based indicator visibly conveys a representation of at least part of the current network condition information. 
     Further operations can include obtaining updated communication network condition information, and outputting updated network condition data based on the updated network condition information to the program to render an updated frame-based indicator on the display screen of the user equipment. 
     Outputting the network condition data can include transforming at least some of the current network condition information into the network condition data. 
     The program can be an application program, and outputting can include returning the network condition data to the application program in response to a request from the application program. 
     The user equipment can be a fifth generation (5G) device, the communication network can be a 5G network, and the program can include an operating system module running on the 5G device. 
     Obtaining the current network condition information can include obtaining the current network condition information based on a measurement made by the user equipment. 
     Obtaining can include obtaining the current network condition information by at least one of: receiving the current network condition information at the user equipment via the communication network, or receiving the current network condition information as crowd-sourced information at the user equipment via the communication network. 
     The current network condition information can include at least one of: signal power information, signal quality information, noise information, type of available band information, network speed information, network congestion information or network latency information. 
     The frame-based indicator can visibly convey the representation of the current network condition information via appearance information, which can include at least one of: frame size, frame thickness, frame texture pattern, frame color, frame color intensity, frame opacity, frame shadow, frame background gradient, frame flashing rate, frame flashing pattern, or frame animation. 
     At least part of the appearance information can be user customizable. 
     The frame-based indicator can temporarily convey the representation of the current network condition information for a configurable time period. The frame-based indicator can wrap around at least part of the display screen. 
     One or more example aspects are represented in  FIG. 8 , and can correspond to operations of a method. Operation  802  represents, at a user device that communicates via a network, displaying, using a processor of the user device, a frame-based indicator via a display screen of the user device to indicate current network condition data representative of a current network condition associated with operation of the network. Operation  804  represents updating, by the user device, the frame-based indicator to indicate changed network condition data indicative of a change to the current network condition. 
     Displaying the frame-based indicator can include indicating at least one of: signal power, signal quality, noise, type of band available, network speed, network congestion or network latency. 
     Aspects can include selecting, by the user device, the current network condition data based on an output from an application program. 
     Updating the frame-based indicator can include visibly modifying at least one of: frame size, frame thickness, frame texture pattern, frame color, frame color intensity, frame opacity, frame shadow, frame background gradient, frame flashing rate, frame flashing pattern, or frame animation. 
     Aspects can include measuring, by the user device, the current network condition data at the user device. Aspects can include receiving, by the user device, the current network condition data at the user device via the network. 
     One or more aspects are represented in  FIG. 9 , such as implemented in a machine-readable storage medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of a communication system comprising a transceiver, facilitate performance of operations. Example operation  902  represents obtaining current network condition data for the communication system. Operation  904  represents generating frame-based indicator data that, when displayed as a frame-based indicator via a display screen of the system, visibly represents at least part of the current network condition data. 
     Further operations can include, in response to obtaining updated network condition data for the communication system, generating an updated frame-based indicator. 
     Further operations can include, as part of providing the frame-based indicator to the system for display via the display screen, outputting parameter data for consumption by a program that generates rendering data usable to render a visible representation of the frame-based indicator. 
     As can be seen, the use of a frame-based indicator can convey valuable information to a user, by relaying the network conditions and the type and quality of service available. This helps users set more accurate expectations leading to an improved experience. A frame-based indicator can be appealing given contemporary device screen resolution. The frame can fit the shape of the UE. 
     The frame can be used to indicate various network information, including, but not limited to signal power, signal quality, noise, type of band available (e.g., mmWave, Licensed Assisted Access or LAA, large Bandwidth), network speeds and network latency. Network quality and types of services can be indicated by the following (non-limiting) mechanisms: frame size or type (solid, dashed, etc.), frame color, frame color intensity, frame background gradient, frame flash pattern, frame animation, and so forth. 
     The service provider and/or device vendor can define thresholds and rulesets for the frame. For example, for latency, frame color can be chosen with Red-Yellow-Green thresholds set in the rules. An application program also can decide what information to show on the frame-based indicator, and how it should be presented. As new services and/or features are introduced, the service provider and/or device vendor can quickly customize the frame-based network indicator solution to showcase those new services and features. 
     The indicator can also be based on crowd sourced data in that area. For example, speed data can be used for speed indicator, whereas other data can be used to indicate signal power, quality, noise, etc. The solution can be customized based on the service or network requests or requirements and transformed into an indicator that the customer can easily understand. This allows users to know if a service is available in an area and/or the quality of service available. This indicator can be turned ON/OFF by the user as desired. 
     Turning to aspects in general, a wireless communication system can employ various cellular systems, technologies, and modulation schemes to facilitate wireless radio communications between devices (e.g., a UE and the network equipment). While example embodiments might be described for 5G new radio (NR) systems, the embodiments can be applicable to any radio access technology (RAT) or multi-RAT system where the UE operates using multiple carriers e.g., LTE FDD/TDD, GSM/GERAN, CDMA2000 etc. For example, the system can operate in accordance with global system for mobile communications (GSM), universal mobile telecommunications service (UMTS), long term evolution (LTE), LTE frequency division duplexing (LTE FDD, LTE time division duplexing (TDD), high speed packet access (HSPA), code division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCMDA), CDMA2000, time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA), single-carrier code division multiple access (SC-CDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-spread OFDM) single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Filter bank based multi-carrier (FBMC), zero tail DFT-spread-OFDM (ZT DFT-s-OFDM), generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM), fixed mobile convergence (FMC), universal fixed mobile convergence (UFMC), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), unique word DFT-spread OFDM (UW DFT-Spread-OFDM), cyclic prefix OFDM CP-OFDM, resource-block-filtered OFDM, Wi Fi, WLAN, WiMax, and the like. However, various features and functionalities of system are particularly described wherein the devices (e.g., the UEs and the network equipment) of the system are configured to communicate wireless signals using one or more multi carrier modulation schemes, wherein data symbols can be transmitted simultaneously over multiple frequency subcarriers (e.g., OFDM, CP-OFDM, DFT-spread OFDM, UFMC, FMBC, etc.). The embodiments are applicable to single carrier as well as to multicarrier (MC) or carrier aggregation (CA) operation of the UE. The term carrier aggregation (CA) is also called (e.g., interchangeably called) “multi-carrier system”, “multi-cell operation”, “multi-carrier operation”, “multi-carrier” transmission and/or reception. Note that some embodiments are also applicable for Multi RAB (radio bearers) on some carriers (that is data plus speech is simultaneously scheduled). 
     In various embodiments, the system can be configured to provide and employ 5G wireless networking features and functionalities. With 5G networks that may use waveforms that split the bandwidth into several sub-bands, different types of services can be accommodated in different sub-bands with the most suitable waveform and numerology, leading to improved spectrum utilization for 5G networks. Notwithstanding, in the mmWave spectrum, the millimeter waves have shorter wavelengths relative to other communications waves, whereby mmWave signals can experience severe path loss, penetration loss, and fading. However, the shorter wavelength at mmWave frequencies also allows more antennas to be packed in the same physical dimension, which allows for large-scale spatial multiplexing and highly directional beamforming. 
     Performance can be improved if both the transmitter and the receiver are equipped with multiple antennas. Multi-antenna techniques can significantly increase the data rates and reliability of a wireless communication system. The use of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) techniques, which was introduced in the third-generation partnership project (3GPP) and has been in use (including with LTE), is a multi-antenna technique that can improve the spectral efficiency of transmissions, thereby significantly boosting the overall data carrying capacity of wireless systems. The use of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques can improve mmWave communications; MIMO can be used for achieving diversity gain, spatial multiplexing gain and beamforming gain. 
     Note that using multi-antennas does not always mean that MIMO is being used. For example, a configuration can have two downlink antennas, and these two antennas can be used in various ways. In addition to using the antennas in a 2×2 MIMO scheme, the two antennas can also be used in a diversity configuration rather than MIMO configuration. Even with multiple antennas, a particular scheme might only use one of the antennas (e.g., LTE specification&#39;s transmission mode  1 , which uses a single transmission antenna and a single receive antenna). Or, only one antenna can be used, with various different multiplexing, precoding methods etc. 
     The MIMO technique uses a commonly known notation (M×N) to represent MIMO configuration in terms number of transmit (M) and receive antennas (N) on one end of the transmission system. The common MIMO configurations used for various technologies are: (2×1), (1×2), (2×2), (4×2), (8×2) and (2×4), (4×4), (8×4). The configurations represented by (2×1) and (1×2) are special cases of MIMO known as transmit diversity (or spatial diversity) and receive diversity. In addition to transmit diversity (or spatial diversity) and receive diversity, other techniques such as spatial multiplexing (comprising both open-loop and closed-loop), beamforming, and codebook-based precoding can also be used to address issues such as efficiency, interference, and range. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 10 , illustrated is a schematic block diagram of an example end-user device such as a user equipment) that can be a mobile device  1000  capable of connecting to a network in accordance with some embodiments described herein. Although a mobile handset  1000  is illustrated herein, it will be understood that other devices can be a mobile device, and that the mobile handset  1000  is merely illustrated to provide context for the embodiments of the various embodiments described herein. The following discussion is intended to provide a brief, general description of an example of a suitable environment  1000  in which the various embodiments can be implemented. While the description includes a general context of computer-executable instructions embodied on a machine-readable storage medium, those skilled in the art will recognize that the various embodiments also can be implemented in combination with other program modules and/or as a combination of hardware and software. 
     Generally, applications (e.g., program modules) can include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the methods described herein can be practiced with other system configurations, including single-processor or multiprocessor systems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can be operatively coupled to one or more associated devices. 
     A computing device can typically include a variety of machine-readable media. Machine-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by the computer and includes both volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example and not limitation, computer-readable media can include computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media can include volatile and/or non-volatile media, removable and/or non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information, such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media can include, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD ROM, digital video disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by the computer. 
     Communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of the any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media. 
     The handset  1000  includes a processor  1002  for controlling and processing all onboard operations and functions. A memory  1004  interfaces to the processor  1002  for storage of data and one or more applications  1006  (e.g., a video player software, user feedback component software, etc.). Other applications can include voice recognition of predetermined voice commands that facilitate initiation of the user feedback signals. The applications  1006  can be stored in the memory  1004  and/or in a firmware  1008 , and executed by the processor  1002  from either or both the memory  1004  or/and the firmware  1008 . The firmware  1008  can also store startup code for execution in initializing the handset  1000 . A communications component  1010  interfaces to the processor  1002  to facilitate wired/wireless communication with external systems, e.g., cellular networks, VoIP networks, and so on. Here, the communications component  1010  can also include a suitable cellular transceiver  1011  (e.g., a GSM transceiver) and/or an unlicensed transceiver  1013  (e.g., Wi-Fi, WiMax) for corresponding signal communications. The handset  1000  can be a device such as a cellular telephone, a PDA with mobile communications capabilities, and messaging-centric devices. The communications component  1010  also facilitates communications reception from terrestrial radio networks (e.g., broadcast), digital satellite radio networks, and Internet-based radio services networks. 
     The handset  1000  includes a display  1012  for displaying text, images, video, telephony functions (e.g., a Caller ID function), setup functions, and for user input. For example, the display  1012  can also be referred to as a “screen” that can accommodate the presentation of multimedia content (e.g., music metadata, messages, wallpaper, graphics, etc.). The display  1012  can also display videos and can facilitate the generation, editing and sharing of video quotes. A serial I/O interface  1014  is provided in communication with the processor  1002  to facilitate wired and/or wireless serial communications (e.g., USB, and/or IEEE 1394) through a hardwire connection, and other serial input devices (e.g., a keyboard, keypad, and mouse). This supports updating and troubleshooting the handset  1000 , for example. Audio capabilities are provided with an audio I/O component  1016 , which can include a speaker for the output of audio signals related to, for example, indication that the user pressed the proper key or key combination to initiate the user feedback signal. The audio I/O component  1016  also facilitates the input of audio signals through a microphone to record data and/or telephony voice data, and for inputting voice signals for telephone conversations. 
     The handset  1000  can include a slot interface  1018  for accommodating a SIC (Subscriber Identity Component) in the form factor of a card Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) or universal SIM  1020 , and interfacing the SIM card  1020  with the processor  1002 . However, it is to be appreciated that the SIM card  1020  can be manufactured into the handset  1000 , and updated by downloading data and software. 
     The handset  1000  can process IP data traffic through the communication component  1010  to accommodate IP traffic from an IP network such as, for example, the Internet, a corporate intranet, a home network, a person area network, etc., through an ISP or broadband cable provider. Thus, VoIP traffic can be utilized by the handset  800  and IP-based multimedia content can be received in either an encoded or decoded format. 
     A video processing component  1022  (e.g., a camera) can be provided for decoding encoded multimedia content. The video processing component  1022  can aid in facilitating the generation, editing and sharing of video quotes. The handset  1000  also includes a power source  1024  in the form of batteries and/or an AC power subsystem, which power source  1024  can interface to an external power system or charging equipment (not shown) by a power I/O component  1026 . 
     The handset  1000  can also include a video component  1030  for processing video content received and, for recording and transmitting video content. For example, the video component  1030  can facilitate the generation, editing and sharing of video quotes. A location tracking component  1032  facilitates geographically locating the handset  1000 . As described hereinabove, this can occur when the user initiates the feedback signal automatically or manually. A user input component  1034  facilitates the user initiating the quality feedback signal. The user input component  1034  can also facilitate the generation, editing and sharing of video quotes. The user input component  1034  can include such conventional input device technologies such as a keypad, keyboard, mouse, stylus pen, and/or touch screen, for example. 
     Referring again to the applications  1006 , a hysteresis component  1036  facilitates the analysis and processing of hysteresis data, which is utilized to determine when to associate with the access point. A software trigger component  1038  can be provided that facilitates triggering of the hysteresis component  1038  when the Wi-Fi transceiver  1013  detects the beacon of the access point. A SIP client  1040  enables the handset  1000  to support SIP protocols and register the subscriber with the SIP registrar server. The applications  1006  can also include a client  1042  that provides at least the capability of discovery, play and store of multimedia content, for example, music. 
     The handset  1000 , as indicated above related to the communications component  810 , includes an indoor network radio transceiver  1013  (e.g., Wi-Fi transceiver). This function supports the indoor radio link, such as IEEE 802.11, for the dual-mode GSM handset  1000 . The handset  1000  can accommodate at least satellite radio services through a handset that can combine wireless voice and digital radio chipsets into a single handheld device. 
     In order to provide additional context for various embodiments described herein,  FIG. 11  and the following discussion are intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable computing environment  1100  in which the various embodiments of the embodiment described herein can be implemented. While the embodiments have been described above in the general context of computer-executable instructions that can run on one or more computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments can be also implemented in combination with other program modules and/or as a combination of hardware and software. 
     Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various methods can be practiced with other computer system configurations, including single-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, distributed computing systems, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can be operatively coupled to one or more associated devices. 
     The illustrated embodiments of the embodiments herein can be also practiced in distributed computing environments where certain tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices. 
     Computing devices typically include a variety of media, which can include computer-readable storage media, machine-readable storage media, and/or communications media, which two terms are used herein differently from one another as follows. Computer-readable storage media or machine-readable storage media can be any available storage media that can be accessed by the computer and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable storage media or machine-readable storage media can be implemented in connection with any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable or machine-readable instructions, program modules, structured data or unstructured data. 
     Computer-readable storage media can include, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD), Blu-ray disc (BD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, solid state drives or other solid state storage devices, or other tangible and/or non-transitory media which can be used to store desired information. In this regard, the terms “tangible” or “non-transitory” herein as applied to storage, memory or computer-readable media, are to be understood to exclude only propagating transitory signals per se as modifiers and do not relinquish rights to all standard storage, memory or computer-readable media that are not only propagating transitory signals per se. 
     Computer-readable storage media can be accessed by one or more local or remote computing devices, e.g., via access requests, queries or other data retrieval protocols, for a variety of operations with respect to the information stored by the medium. 
     Communications media typically embody computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other structured or unstructured data in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery or transport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signals refers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in one or more signals. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media include wired media, such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. 
     With reference again to  FIG. 11 , the example environment  1100  for implementing various embodiments of the aspects described herein includes a computer  1102 , the computer  1102  including a processing unit  1104 , a system memory  1106  and a system bus  1108 . The system bus  1108  couples system components including, but not limited to, the system memory  1106  to the processing unit  1104 . The processing unit  1104  can be any of various commercially available processors. Dual microprocessors and other multi-processor architectures can also be employed as the processing unit  1104 . 
     The system bus  1108  can be any of several types of bus structure that can further interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memory controller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of commercially available bus architectures. The system memory  1106  includes ROM  1110  and RAM  1112 . A basic input/output system (BIOS) can be stored in a non-volatile memory such as ROM, erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the computer  1102 , such as during startup. The RAM  1112  can also include a high-speed RAM such as static RAM for caching data. 
     The computer  1102  further includes an internal hard disk drive (HDD)  1114  (e.g., EIDE, SATA), one or more external storage devices  1116  (e.g., a magnetic floppy disk drive (FDD)  1116 , a memory stick or flash drive reader, a memory card reader, etc.) and an optical disk drive  1120  (e.g., which can read or write from a CD-ROM disc, a DVD, a BD, etc.). While the internal HDD  1114  is illustrated as located within the computer  1102 , the internal HDD  1114  can also be configured for external use in a suitable chassis (not shown). Additionally, while not shown in environment  1100 , a solid state drive (SSD), non-volatile memory and other storage technology could be used in addition to, or in place of, an HDD  1114 , and can be internal or external. The HDD  1114 , external storage device(s)  1116  and optical disk drive  1120  can be connected to the system bus  1108  by an HDD interface  1124 , an external storage interface  1126  and an optical drive interface  1128 , respectively. The interface  1124  for external drive implementations can include at least one or both of Universal Serial Bus (USB) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1394 interface technologies. Other external drive connection technologies are within contemplation of the embodiments described herein. 
     The drives and their associated computer-readable storage media provide nonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executable instructions, and so forth. For the computer  1102 , the drives and storage media accommodate the storage of any data in a suitable digital format. Although the description of computer-readable storage media above refers to respective types of storage devices, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of storage media which are readable by a computer, whether presently existing or developed in the future, could also be used in the example operating environment, and further, that any such storage media can contain computer-executable instructions for performing the methods described herein. 
     A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and RAM  1112 , including an operating system  1130 , one or more application programs  1132 , other program modules  1134  and program data  1136 . All or portions of the operating system, applications, modules, and/or data can also be cached in the RAM  1112 . The systems and methods described herein can be implemented utilizing various commercially available operating systems or combinations of operating systems. 
     Computer  1102  can optionally include emulation technologies. For example, a hypervisor (not shown) or other intermediary can emulate a hardware environment for operating system  1130 , and the emulated hardware can optionally be different from the hardware illustrated in  FIG. 11 . In such an embodiment, operating system  1130  can include one virtual machine (VM) of multiple VMs hosted at computer  1102 . Furthermore, operating system  1130  can provide runtime environments, such as the Java runtime environment or the .NET framework, for applications  1132 . Runtime environments are consistent execution environments that allow applications  1132  to run on any operating system that includes the runtime environment. Similarly, operating system  1130  can support containers, and applications  1132  can be in the form of containers, which are lightweight, standalone, executable packages of software that include, e.g., code, runtime, system tools, system libraries and settings for an application. 
     Further, computer  1102  can be enabled with a security module, such as a trusted processing module (TPM). For instance, with a TPM, boot components hash next in time boot components, and wait for a match of results to secured values, before loading a next boot component. This process can take place at any layer in the code execution stack of computer  1102 , e.g., applied at the application execution level or at the operating system (OS) kernel level, thereby enabling security at any level of code execution. 
     A user can enter commands and information into the computer  1102  through one or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., a keyboard  1138 , a touch screen  1140 , and a pointing device, such as a mouse  1142 . Other input devices (not shown) can include a microphone, an infrared (IR) remote control, a radio frequency (RF) remote control, or other remote control, a joystick, a virtual reality controller and/or virtual reality headset, a game pad, a stylus pen, an image input device, e.g., camera(s), a gesture sensor input device, a vision movement sensor input device, an emotion or facial detection device, a biometric input device, e.g., fingerprint or iris scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit  1104  through an input device interface  1144  that can be coupled to the system bus  1108 , but can be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, an IEEE 1394 serial port, a game port, a USB port, an IR interface, a BLUETOOTH® interface, etc. 
     A monitor  1146  or other type of display device can be also connected to the system bus  1108  via an interface, such as a video adapter  1148 . In addition to the monitor  1146 , a computer typically includes other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc. 
     The computer  1102  can operate in a networked environment using logical connections via wired and/or wireless communications to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer(s)  1150 . The remote computer(s)  1150  can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, a personal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainment appliance, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described relative to the computer  1102 , although, for purposes of brevity, only a memory/storage device  1152  is illustrated. The logical connections depicted include wired/wireless connectivity to a local area network (LAN)  1154  and/or larger networks, e.g., a wide area network (WAN)  1156 . Such LAN and WAN networking environments are commonplace in offices and companies, and facilitate enterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all of which can connect to a global communications network, e.g., the Internet. 
     When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer  1102  can be connected to the local network  1154  through a wired and/or wireless communication network interface or adapter  1158 . The adapter  1158  can facilitate wired or wireless communication to the LAN  1154 , which can also include a wireless access point (AP) disposed thereon for communicating with the adapter  1158  in a wireless mode. 
     When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer  1102  can include a modem  1160  or can be connected to a communications server on the WAN  1156  via other means for establishing communications over the WAN  1156 , such as by way of the Internet. The modem  1160 , which can be internal or external and a wired or wireless device, can be connected to the system bus  1108  via the input device interface  1144 . In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer  1102  or portions thereof, can be stored in the remote memory/storage device  1152 . It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are example and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers can be used. 
     When used in either a LAN or WAN networking environment, the computer  1102  can access cloud storage systems or other network-based storage systems in addition to, or in place of, external storage devices  1116  as described above. Generally, a connection between the computer  1102  and a cloud storage system can be established over a LAN  1154  or WAN  1156  e.g., by the adapter  1158  or modem  1160 , respectively. Upon connecting the computer  1102  to an associated cloud storage system, the external storage interface  1126  can, with the aid of the adapter  1158  and/or modem  1160 , manage storage provided by the cloud storage system as it would other types of external storage. For instance, the external storage interface  1126  can be configured to provide access to cloud storage sources as if those sources were physically connected to the computer  1102 . 
     The computer  1102  can be operable to communicate with any wireless devices or entities operatively disposed in wireless communication, e.g., a printer, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portable data assistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment or location associated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk, news stand, store shelf, etc.), and telephone. This can include Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) and BLUETOOTH® wireless technologies. Thus, the communication can be a predefined structure as with a conventional network or simply an ad hoc communication between at least two devices. 
     The computer is operable to communicate with any wireless devices or entities operatively disposed in wireless communication, e.g., a printer, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portable data assistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment or location associated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk, news stand, restroom), and telephone. This includes at least Wi-Fi and Bluetooth™ wireless technologies. Thus, the communication can be a predefined structure as with a conventional network or simply an ad hoc communication between at least two devices. 
     Wi-Fi, or Wireless Fidelity, allows connection to the Internet from a couch at home, a bed in a hotel room, or a conference room at work, without wires. Wi-Fi is a wireless technology similar to that used in a cell phone that enables such devices, e.g., computers, to send and receive data indoors and out; anywhere within the range of a base station. Wi-Fi networks use radio technologies called IEEE802.11 (a, b, g, n, etc.) to provide secure, reliable, fast wireless connectivity. A Wi-Fi network can be used to connect computers to each other, to the Internet, and to wired networks (which use IEEE802.3 or Ethernet). Wi-Fi networks operate in the unlicensed 2.4 and 8 GHz radio bands, at an 11 Mbps (802.11b) or 84 Mbps (802.11a) data rate, for example, or with products that contain both bands (dual band), so the networks can provide real-world performance similar to the basic “10BaseT” wired Ethernet networks used in many offices. 
     As it employed in the subject specification, the term “processor” can refer to substantially any computing processing unit or device comprising, but not limited to comprising, single-core processors; single-processors with software multithread execution capability; multi-core processors; multi-core processors with software multithread execution capability; multi-core processors with hardware multithread technology; parallel platforms; and parallel platforms with distributed shared memory. Additionally, a processor can refer to an integrated circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic controller (PLC), a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. Processors can exploit nano-scale architectures such as, but not limited to, molecular and quantum-dot based transistors, switches and gates, in order to optimize space usage or enhance performance of user equipment. A processor also can be implemented as a combination of computing processing units. 
     In the subject specification, terms such as “store,” “data store,” “data storage,” “database,” “repository,” “queue”, and substantially any other information storage component relevant to operation and functionality of a component, refer to “memory components,” or entities embodied in a “memory” or components comprising the memory. It will be appreciated that the memory components described herein can be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or can include both volatile and nonvolatile memory. In addition, memory components or memory elements can be removable or stationary. Moreover, memory can be internal or external to a device or component, or removable or stationary. Memory can include various types of media that are readable by a computer, such as hard-disc drives, zip drives, magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards or other types of memory cards, cartridges, or the like. 
     By way of illustration, and not limitation, nonvolatile memory can include read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). Additionally, the disclosed memory components of systems or methods herein are intended to include, without being limited, these and any other suitable types of memory. 
     In particular and in regard to the various functions performed by the above described components, devices, circuits, systems and the like, the terms (including a reference to a “means”) used to describe such components are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any component which performs the specified function of the described component (e.g., a functional equivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure, which performs the function in the herein illustrated example aspects of the embodiments. In this regard, it will also be recognized that the embodiments include a system as well as a computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for performing the acts and/or events of the various methods. 
     Computing devices typically include a variety of media, which can include computer-readable storage media and/or communications media, which two terms are used herein differently from one another as follows. Computer-readable storage media can be any available storage media that can be accessed by the computer and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable storage media can be implemented in connection with any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, program modules, structured data, or unstructured data. 
     Computer-readable storage media can include, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, solid state drive (SSD) or other solid-state storage technology, compact disk read only memory (CD ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD), Blu-ray disc or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or other tangible and/or non-transitory media which can be used to store desired information. 
     In this regard, the terms “tangible” or “non-transitory” herein as applied to storage, memory or computer-readable media, are to be understood to exclude only propagating transitory signals per se as modifiers and do not relinquish rights to all standard storage, memory or computer-readable media that are not only propagating transitory signals per se. Computer-readable storage media can be accessed by one or more local or remote computing devices, e.g., via access requests, queries or other data retrieval protocols, for a variety of operations with respect to the information stored by the medium. 
     On the other hand, communications media typically embody computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other structured or unstructured data in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery or transport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signals refers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in one or more signals. By way of example, and not limitation, communications media include wired media, such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media 
     Further, terms like “user equipment,” “user device,” “mobile device,” “mobile,” station,” “access terminal,” “terminal,” “handset,” and similar terminology, generally refer to a wireless device utilized by a subscriber or user of a wireless communication network or service to receive or convey data, control, voice, video, sound, gaming, or substantially any data-stream or signaling-stream. The foregoing terms are utilized interchangeably in the subject specification and related drawings. Likewise, the terms “access point,” “node B,” “base station,” “evolved Node B,” “cell,” “cell site,” and the like, can be utilized interchangeably in the subject application, and refer to a wireless network component or appliance that serves and receives data, control, voice, video, sound, gaming, or substantially any data-stream or signaling-stream from a set of subscriber stations. Data and signaling streams can be packetized or frame-based flows. It is noted that in the subject specification and drawings, context or explicit distinction provides differentiation with respect to access points or base stations that serve and receive data from a mobile device in an outdoor environment, and access points or base stations that operate in a confined, primarily indoor environment overlaid in an outdoor coverage area. Data and signaling streams can be packetized or frame-based flows. 
     Furthermore, the terms “user,” “subscriber,” “customer,” “consumer,” and the like are employed interchangeably throughout the subject specification, unless context warrants particular distinction(s) among the terms. It should be appreciated that such terms can refer to human entities, associated devices, or automated components supported through artificial intelligence (e.g., a capacity to make inference based on complex mathematical formalisms) which can provide simulated vision, sound recognition and so forth. In addition, the terms “wireless network” and “network” are used interchangeable in the subject application, when context wherein the term is utilized warrants distinction for clarity purposes such distinction is made explicit. 
     Moreover, the word “exemplary” is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs. Rather, use of the word exemplary is intended to present concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or”. That is, unless specified otherwise, or clear from context, “X employs A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form. 
     In addition, while a particular feature may have been disclosed with respect to only one of several implementations, such feature may be combined with one or more other features of the other implementations as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes” and “including” and variants thereof are used in either the detailed description or the claims, these terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising.” 
     The above descriptions of various embodiments of the subject disclosure and corresponding figures and what is described in the Abstract, are described herein for illustrative purposes, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosed embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It is to be understood that one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that other embodiments having modifications, permutations, combinations, and additions can be implemented for performing the same, similar, alternative, or substitute functions of the disclosed subject matter, and are therefore considered within the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the disclosed subject matter should not be limited to any single embodiment described herein, but rather should be construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the claims below.