Patent Publication Number: US-2023135805-A1

Title: Systems and methods for quality monitoring of pallets

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/273,293 filed Oct. 29, 2021. The entire disclosure of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/273,293 is incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for quality monitoring of pallets of goods (e.g., fresh seafood, other perishable goods, nonperishable goods, etc.) in a cargo. 
     BACKGROUND 
     This section provides background information related to the present disclosure which is not necessarily prior art. 
     A wireless radio frequency (RF) logger or tracker may be used to indicate that a shipment, cargo, or load including pallets and cases thereon (e.g., cases of fresh fish, etc.) was above a desired storage temperature during transit to a distribution center, warehouse, store, or other receiving location or facility in the supply chain. In response to the logger or tracker indicating that the shipment exceeded the desired storage temperature during transit, personnel at the receiving location may then visually inspect each pallet and case of the shipment. Oftentimes, it is not necessary to reject an entire shipment when only part of that shipment was actually compromised by the temperature excursion. For example, a pallet at a rear of a trailer and/or goods on a pallet near the ceiling of the trailer may sometimes be the only part of a shipment that is actually compromised by a temperature excursion during transit. 
    
    
     
       DRAWINGS 
       The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only of selected embodiments and not all possible implementations, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  1    illustrates example components of a system configured for quality monitoring of a pallet of goods (e.g., fresh seafood, other perishable goods, nonperishable goods, etc.) in a cargo according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, the system includes a temperature performance tag, a pallet level label including a shipping serial container code (SSCC), a portable monitoring device (e.g., RF logger or tracker, etc.), and an oversight cloud or cloud-based online portal. 
         FIGS.  2 - 4    illustrate steps of an exemplary method for quality monitoring of pallets of goods (e.g., fresh seafood, other perishable goods, nonperishable goods, etc.) in a cargo according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  5    illustrates scanning label outcomes that may occur when a temperature performance tag is scanned by QC personnel using a handheld label scanner according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  6    is a diagram illustrating that a temperature performance tag inside the control box may be scanned when any pallet temperature performance tag is outside of the allowed temperature/time range according to an exemplary embodiment of a method for quality monitoring of pallet(s) of goods (e.g., fresh seafood, other perishable goods, nonperishable goods, etc.) in a cargo. 
         FIG.  7    is a diagram illustrating the data integration to deliver reports/insights that may occur in a pallet level quality monitoring system and method according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  8    is a diagram illustrating data sharing between a shipper/supplier and a customer and data sharing between the customer and a cloud-based online portal (e.g., Oversight cloud-based online portal and app, etc.). 
         FIG.  9    is a diagram illustrating data sharing between a distribution center and a customer and data sharing between the customer and a cloud-based online portal. 
         FIG.  10    is a process flow diagram of a pallet level quality monitoring method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  11    illustrates an outcome matrix and decision tree that may be used in a pallet level quality monitoring system and method according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  12    illustrates example chemical indicators configured for visibly indicating temperature change occurrences by color changes. The chemical indicators may be used in a pallet level quality monitoring system and method according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS.  13 A and  13 B  illustrate an example pallet label before and after the chemical indicator shown in  FIG.  12    was applied to the pallet label. 
         FIG.  14 A  illustrates the example pallet label shown in  FIG.  13 B  after the chemical indicator&#39;s first portion has changed color (e.g., green, etc.) to thereby indicate that the allowed temperature/time range was not exceeded. 
         FIG.  14 B  illustrates the example pallet label shown in  FIG.  13 B  after the chemical indicator&#39;s second and third portions have changed colors (e.g., yellow and red, etc.) to thereby indicate a dual temperature excursion and visibly notify quality control personnel that the pallet should be inspected. 
         FIG.  15    is a diagram illustrating the pallet label with the chemical indicator shown in  FIG.  13 B  being incorporated into a pallet level quality monitoring method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  16    includes exemplary screen shots of an App installed in a device that may be used in a pallet level quality monitoring system and method according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     Corresponding reference numerals may indicate corresponding (though not necessarily identical) features throughout the several views of the drawings. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     The present disclosure generally relates to cargo wireless RF loggers or trackers and the oversight of cold chain tracking and monitoring via a web-based portal and tracking system. As disclosed herein, exemplary embodiments are configured to enable data tracking and analysis of perishable products or goods on pallet(s) shipped via cargo, e.g., from a warehouse to a store, etc. Each pallet is provided with its own barcode and labels for determining the quality or health of the products or goods on each individual pallet. This will help the receiver identify if each pallet is acceptable or not via a physical indicator (e.g., color changing label, etc.) on the pallet. Devices may be used for scanning the labels or barcodes of the pallets. A cloud-based portal and App may be used to save and verify the information of each cargo. 
     As disclosed herein, exemplary embodiments tie or marry temperature information for each item on a pallet in a shipped cargo order to the overall temperature information for the shipping container, and ties that temperature information to the purchase order (PO) number, supplier information, and customer information. The information is uploaded to a cloud-based online portal (e.g., Oversight cloud, etc.), which, in turn, may communicate the information to the customer&#39;s cloud via an API network (Application Programming Interfaces). 
     Accordingly, aspects of the present disclosure include combining or marrying: 
     (1) data from a wireless RF logger or tracker (which is typically one per shipment per purchase order (PO) regardless of the number of pallets on the PO); with 
     (2) the data from a visual label (which is one per pallet per shipment per PO); with 
     (3) the supplier, customer, distributor, and carrier info. The combined data/information may be used for the purpose of data analytics in the cloud and enabling a specific assessment of the quality of a shipment on a pallet by pallet level and on a level by level of a pallet. In exemplary embodiments, a logger or tracker may be provided on each pallet, and a label may be provided on a tote on the pallet. 
     By providing individual temperature labels on each pallet that are scannable by a handheld device and tying that information to the overall temperature data for the shipment, the customer can determine if certain items shipped can still be used if the overall temperature data might indicate that all the items in an order should be discarded. Also, this information may be tracked each time an order is loaded or unloaded during a shipment and can be used over time to determine if a supplier or shipper is unreliable. 
     Accordingly, disclosed herein are exemplary embodiments of systems and methods for quality monitoring of pallets and overall shipment from a supplier or distributor to an entity (e.g., customer, other recipient, etc.) that submitted the order for the shipment (e.g., fresh seafood or other perishable goods, etc.). In exemplary embodiments, a method includes placing a physical indicator (e.g., color changing label, etc.) on each pallet along with a cargo logger or tracker. 
     By way of background, when a shipment arrives at a distribution center or store, a logger or tracker may sometimes indicate that the load was above the desired storage temperature. In which case, personnel at the receiving location may visually inspect each pallet and case of fish or other goods on each pallet. The entire shipment is not necessarily rejected out of hand because oftentimes only part of the shipment may have been compromised by the temperature excursion. For example, pallets at the rear of the truck and those items on that pallet near the ceiling of the trailer may sometimes be the only part of a shipment that is actually compromised by a temperature excursion during transit. Advantageously, exemplary embodiments disclosed herein include visual indicators on each container (e.g., of fish or other perishable goods, etc.) stacked on a single pallet, which indicators can be relatively quickly scanned by receiving dock personnel using a handheld scanner. This greatly shortens the time to make the assessment on the shipment. In addition, the scanned information may be acquired and matched with the logger or tracker data. And the information about the shipment may be shared to the cloud for analysis, e.g., for the purpose of building a knowledge database for a customer to help identify unreliable shippers, distributors, suppliers, etc. 
     Exemplary embodiments are disclosed of systems and methods for quality monitoring pallets of goods (e.g., fresh seafood, other perishable goods, etc.) in a cargo. In exemplary embodiments, an application (App) may be installed in a handheld label scanner (broadly, a device), which may be configured to remotely store and monitor information of the goods. A first label or tag is attached to a pallet of goods. The first label includes information related to the goods. A second label or tag is also attached to the pallet of goods. The second label includes information mostly related to quality of the goods, which information is different than the information of the first label. The handheld label scanner is usable for scanning and reading the status/information of the first and second labels on the pallet of goods. The status/information of the first and second labels from the handheld label scanner is uploaded to an oversight cloud or cloud-based online portal, which, in turn, sends the status/information to the customer. 
     In exemplary embodiments, the first label attached to the pallet of goods is a shipping label. The second label attached to the pallet of goods is a temperature indicating label providing individual temperature information related to the goods. The second label may be configured to visibly indicate temperature change occurrences by changing its color. For example, the second label may comprise a temperature performance tag including a chemical indicator as shown in  FIGS.  12 - 15   . The chemical indicator may include a first portion that changes to a first color (e.g., green, etc.) to indicate that the allowed temperature/time range was not exceeded. The chemical indicator may include a second portion that changes to a second different color (e.g., yellow, etc.) to indicate that a first temperature/time range (e.g., greater than 38° F. for four hours, etc.) was exceeded but a second temperature/time range (e.g., greater than 70° F. for four hours, etc.) was not exceeded. The chemical indicator may include a third portion that changes to a third different color (e.g., red, etc.) to indicate that the second temperature/time range (e.g., greater than 70° F. for four hours, etc.) was exceeded. In addition, both the second and third portions of the chemical indicator may change their colors to indicate a dual temperature excursion, e.g., a first temperature excursion during which the first temperature/time range was exceeded, and a second temperature excursion when the second temperature/time range was exceeded. 
     In exemplary embodiments, the application (App) installed in the handheld label scanner (broadly, a device) for tracking and monitoring may comprise a tracker or logger application. The tracker or logger application may be configured to be operable for keeping track of cold chain shipments with real-time temperature, location, and security data. 
     In exemplary embodiments, individual temperature information for each item on a pallet is tied to the overall temperature information for the shipping container, which, in turn, is tied to the PO order number, supplier information, and customer information. By providing individual temperature labels that are scannable by a handheld device and tying that information to the overall temperature data for the shipment, the customer can determine if certain items shipped can still be used if the overall temperature data might indicate that all the items in an order should otherwise be discarded. 
     In exemplary embodiments, the information is tracked each time an order is loaded or unloaded during a shipment. The oversight cloud or cloud-based online portal sends the information to the customer cloud via an API network. The outcomes of scanning the labels or tags with the handheld label scanner may include green for within the allowed temperature/time range, red for outside temperature range for  4  hours, yellow for outside temperature for  2  hours, and grey for tag not activated. 
     With reference now to the figures,  FIG.  1    illustrates example components of a system  100  configured for quality monitoring of a pallet of goods (e.g., fresh seafood, other perishable goods, nonperishable goods, etc.) in a cargo according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, the system  100  includes a temperature performance label or tag  104 , a pallet level label or tag  108 , a portable monitoring device  112 , and an oversight cloud or cloud-based online portal  116 . 
     The pallet level label  108  may comprise a shipping label including a shipping serial container code (SSCC). The temperature performance tag  104  may comprise a temperature indicating label providing individual temperature information related to the goods, e.g., Fresh Seafood 40° F., etc. The temperature performance tag  104  may be configured to be operable via a reaction to changes in temperature starts or stops “melting” process and simulates surface of product versus air temperature. The temperature performance tag  104  may be less sensitive to temperature changes (thermal mass) than an IoT device. The temperature performance tag  104  may be pre-conditioned and applied in a cold area (freezer). The temperature performance tag  104  may be pull-tab activated (e.g., an irreversible action). The temperature performance tag  104  may have a typical “run-off time” of 4 hours at about 50° F.—product surface simulation, wherein warmer temperatures yields faster run-off time and colder temperatures yields slower run-off time. The temperature performance tag  104  may have an adhesive back for attachment to a pallet. 
     The portable monitoring device  112  may comprise a wireless tracker, logger, recorder, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc. The cloud-based online portal  116  (e.g., Oversight cloud-based online portal and app, etc.) may be configured for communicating with a customer cloud-based system (e.g., database of shipment information, etc.) via an Application Programming Interface (API), e.g., for reporting data analytics in the cloud and enabling a specific assessment of the quality of a shipment on a pallet by pallet level and on a level by level of a pallet, etc. 
       FIGS.  2 - 4    illustrate steps of an exemplary method for quality monitoring of pallets of goods (e.g., fresh seafood, other perishable goods, nonperishable goods, etc.) in a cargo. As shown in  FIG.  2   , the following may occur at the point of shipment (e.g., outbound to distribution center (DC), etc.). A shipment of pallets is prepared and placed in cold storage. Temperature performance tags are retrieved from cold storage. A temperature performance tag  104  is placed on or applied to each pallet  120  and activated. In this example, the method further includes allocating and clearly marking a control box per purchase order, and activating and placing a temperature performance tag in the control box. A portable monitoring device  112  (e.g., a wireless RF tracker, logger, recorder, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc.) is activated and located per purchase order. A pallet level label  108  (e.g., a shipping label including a shipping serial container code (SSCC), etc.) is placed on or applied to each pallet  120 . Thereafter, the shipment is shipped. 
     The temperature performance tag  104  should preferably be kept in cold storage (e.g., a freezer, etc.) for optimal or improved performance. And activation of the temperature performance tags  104  should preferably occur where the product is stored. 
     As shown in  FIG.  3   , the following may occur at the point of receipt. The shipment arrives at a destination (e.g., distribution center (DC), etc.), and the portable monitoring device  112  (e.g., wireless tracker, logger, recorder, etc.) for the purchase order automatically sends status information regarding whether the purchase order was within allowed temperature/time range or out of allowed temperature/time range. The data is shared with customer internal systems  124  (e.g., customer cloud-based database of shipment information, etc.) via Application Programming Interface (API). The pallets are offloaded. The portable monitoring device is collected and report printed. 
     As shown in  FIG.  4   , the following may occur at the point of inspection. The status of the portable monitoring device (e.g., wireless tracker, logger, recorder, etc.) for the purchase order indicates whether the purchase order was within the allowed temperature/time range or out of the allowed temperature/time range. The inspection process includes quality control (QC) personnel starting an App on a handheld label scanner (broadly, a device including a scanner). The QC personnel scans the wireless serial number, the shipping serial container code (SSCC) labels on the pallets, and the temperature performance tags on the pallets. If needed, the control box tag may also be scanned. If the scanned temperature performance tags indicate that a pallet(s) was out of the allowed temperature/time range, the App generates an alert(s). And standard operating procedures (SOP) are initiated. Information is pushed to the oversight cloud or cloud-based online portal  116 , which information is shared with the customer internal systems  124  via API. The handheld label scanner  128  may comprise a camera (e.g., camera of a smartphone, etc.), infrared scanner, Bluetooth (BT) device, a near field communication (NFC) device, radio-frequency identification (RFID) device, etc. 
       FIG.  5    illustrates scanning label outcomes that may occur when a temperature performance tag  104  is scanned by QC personnel using a handheld label scanner  128 . As shown in  FIG.  5   , the scanning label outcomes include that the goods (e.g., fresh seafood, other perishable goods, etc.) were within the allowable temperature/time range, out of the allowed temperature/time range (e.g., temperature exceeded 40° F. for 4 hours, etc.), or that the temperature performance tag was not activated. The color of the display of the handheld label scanner  128  may visibly indicate the outcome. For example, a green display may indicate the goods were within the allowable temperature/time range, a red display may indicate the goods were out of the allowed temperature/time range, and a grey display may indicate that the temperature performance tag was not activated. 
     As shown in  FIG.  6   , the temperature performance tag  104  inside the control box  132  may be scanned with the handheld label scanner  128  whenever any pallet temperature performance tag  104  is outside of the allowed temperature/time range (e.g., more than 40° F. for four hours, etc.), 
       FIG.  7    illustrates data integration to deliver reports/insights, which may occur in a pallet level quality monitoring system and method according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, the handheld label scanner  128  may upload information to the oversight cloud or cloud-based online platform  116 . The uploaded information may be used for reports and analytics. The uploaded information may also be shared with customer internal systems  124  (e.g., customer cloud-based database of shipment information, etc.) via Application Programming Interface (API). The information may be shared from the handheld label scanner  128  to the cloud for analysis, e.g., for the purpose of building a knowledge database for a customer to help identify unreliable shippers, distributors, suppliers, etc. The handheld label scanner  128  may be configured with one-way firewall access to the oversight cloud or cloud-based online platform  116 . The data integration shown in  FIG.  7    may provide added insights and an improved cold chain, supplier management, and quality layer. 
       FIG.  8    illustrates data sharing between a shipper/supplier  136  and a customer  124  and data sharing between the customer  124  and the oversight cloud or cloud-based online portal  116 . As shown in  FIG.  8   , shipment information (e.g., purchase order number (PO #), shipping serial container code number (SSCC #), etc.) and the logger serial number may be shared via advance ship notice (ASN) to the customer  124  via GS 1  datapool. The shipment information, logger serial number, and individual tag performance may be shared via partner GS 1  data pool. The cloud-based online portal  116  is located in the cloud, such as at one or more offsite or third party locations with online or networked storage, etc. 
       FIG.  9    illustrates data sharing between a distribution center  140  and a customer  124  and data sharing between the customer  124  and the oversight cloud or cloud-based online portal  116 . As shown in  FIG.  9   , shipment information (e.g., purchase order number (PO #), shipping serial container code number (SSCC #), etc.) and the logger serial number may be shared between the distribution center and the customer the via the customer&#39;s internal systems. The shipment information, logger serial number, and individual tag performance may be shared between the customer and the cloud-based online portal via the customer&#39;s internal systems. 
       FIG.  10    is a process flow diagram of a pallet level quality monitoring method  202  according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. At  206 , an HCCPA shipment arrives, e.g., at the distribution center, etc. 
     At  210 , if the logger, tracker, or recorder indicates that allowed temperature/time range (e.g., above 40° F. for 4 hours, etc.) was exceeded, then the method  202  proceeds to  214  at which the purchase order (PO) is offloaded. But if the logger, tracker, or recorder indicates that allowed temperature/time range was not exceeded at  210 , then the method  202  proceeds to  218  at which the purchase order (PO) is also offloaded. 
     At  222 , the temperature performance tags on the pallets are scanned. If all temperature performance tags are in range at  226 , then the method proceeds to  230  for pulp/inspection of a reduced sample size to determine whether or not to accept the full or partial purchase order (PO) at  234 . 
     In exemplary embodiments, the inspection process includes offloading pallets from the truck. The designated number of pallets are then broken into sections based on position within the truck (front, mid, rear) and then broken into sections based on pallet height (low, mid, high). After selection of boxes containing product to pulp is completed, the package is opened and the pulp probe is inserted into the product. This process is repeated and performed to meet the SOP of the customer, etc. With information whether pallets were exposed to prolonged temperature excursions or not, the customer can either increase (all tags out of range) or decrease (all tags in range) the number of pallets and boxes to be inspected and pulped to verify pulp temperature per food safety requirements. 
     The conditions to accept or reject a full purchase order is determined by the customer utilizing the exemplary system//method disclosed herein. Performance tag outcomes in conjunction with wireless IOT data offer an additional data point to drive better food safety decisions. The performance tags indicate if they have been exposed to temperature excursion events where they are located. As such, one scenario would include a wireless/RF logger or tracker (e.g., GO Wireless/Go Real-Time RF logger or tracker, etc.) indicating no temperature excursion, all tags are in range. This information may lead to reduced points of pulp inspection and subsequently saves time to accept inventory and reduces labor of QC to otherwise perform their standard QC tasks without such a system/method disclosed herein. 
     If all temperature performance tags are not in range at  226 , then the method proceeds to  238  at which the temperature performance tag(s) inside the control box(es) are collected and scanned. If the control box(es) tag(s) are in range at  242 , then the method proceeds to  230  for pulp/inspection of a reduced sample size to determine whether or not to accept the full or partial purchase order (PO) at  234 . But if the control box(es) tag(s) are not in range at  242 , then the method proceeds to  246  for pulp/inspection of an increased sample size to determine whether or not to accept the full or partial purchase order (PO) at  250 . 
     In the event a wireless/RF logger or tracker (e.g., GO Wireless/Go Real-Time RF logger or tracker, etc.) indicates a temperature excursion, as well as performance tags are out of range, the process (based on customer SOP) could be reversed. In an effort to ensure product is not wasted by rejection, an increased number of pallets and boxes are selected for pulping (internal temperature). 
     Referring back to  214 , the purchase order (PO) is offloaded if the logger, tracker, or recorder indicates that allowed temperature/time range (e.g., above 40° F. for 4 hours, etc.) was exceeded. At  254 , the temperature performance tags on the pallets are scanned. If all temperature performance tags are in range at  258 , then the method proceeds to  270  for pulp/inspection of a reduced sample size to determine whether or not to accept the full or partial purchase order (PO) at  274 . 
     But if all temperature performance tags are not in range at  258 , then the method proceeds to  262  at which the control box(es) temperature performance tag(s) are collected and scanned. If the control box(es) tag(s) are in range at  266 , then the method proceeds to  270  for pulp/inspection of a reduced sample size to determine whether or not to accept the full or partial purchase order (PO) at  274 . But if the control box(es) tag(s) are not in range at  266 , then the method proceeds to  278  for pulp/inspection of a reduced sample size and the full purchase order (PO) is rejected at  282 . 
     In this scenario, the control tag (which was inside of the box) offers insight into what may have happened at product level. If this tag is out of range, it is likely that other product is bad. As such, the customer (based on their internal QC SOPs) may want to reduce the pulp sample size to more quickly come to the determination to reject the full purchase order (PO). 
       FIG.  11    illustrates an outcome matrix and decision tree that may be used in a pallet level quality monitoring system and method according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In this example, the temperature performance tags comprise chemical indicators that are configured to visibly indicate temperature change occurrences by changing colors (e.g.,  FIGS.  12 - 15   , etc.). 
     As shown for outcome  1 , the shipment is immediately received without requiring any quality control (QC) if the radio frequency (RF) logger (e.g., portable monitoring device  112  ( FIGS.  1  and  2   ), etc.) for the purchase order (PO) and the chemical indicators indicate that the allowed temperature/time range was not exceeded. 
     For outcome  2 , reduced quality control is required if the radio frequency (RF) logger for the purchase order (PO) indicates that the allowed temperature/time range was not exceeded but one or more (but not all) of the chemical indicators indicate that the allowed temperature/time range was exceeded. This may occur due to poor handling of the goods and/or chemical indicators prior to shipment. 
     For outcome  3 , reduced quality control is required if the radio frequency (RF) logger for the purchase order (PO) indicates that the allowed temperature/time range was exceeded but one or more (but not all) of the chemical indicators indicate that the allowed temperature/time range was not exceeded. This may occur due to poor air circulation in transit. 
     For outcome  4 , the shipment is immediately rejected without requiring any quality control (QC) if the radio frequency (RF) logger and the chemical indicators indicate that the allowed temperature/time range was exceeded. 
       FIG.  12    illustrates example chemical indicators  348  configured for visibly indicating temperature change occurrences by color changes. As shown in  FIG.  12   , the chemical indicator  348  may include a removable portion or pull-tab  352  that is removed by the user for activation and to indicate that the chemical indicator  348  is activated. 
     The chemical indicator  348  may include first, second, and third portions  356 ,  360 ,  364  configured for visibly indicating temperature change occurrences by color changes. For example, the chemical indicator&#39;s first portion  356  may be configured to change to a first color (e.g., green, etc.) to indicate that the allowed temperature/time range was not exceeded. The chemical indicator&#39;s second portion  360  may be configured to change to a second color (e.g., yellow, other color different than the first color, etc.) to indicate that a first temperature/time range (e.g., greater than 38° F. for four hours, etc.) was exceeded but a second temperature/time range (e.g., greater than 70° F. for four hours, etc.) was not exceeded. The chemical indicator&#39;s third portion  364  may be configured to a third color (e.g., red, other color different than the first and second colors, etc.) to indicate that the second temperature/time range (e.g., greater than 70° F. for four hours, etc.) was exceeded. In addition, both the second and third portions  360 ,  364  of the chemical indicator  348  may change their colors to indicate a dual temperature excursion, e.g., a first temperature excursion during which the first temperature/time range was exceeded, and a second temperature excursion when the second temperature/time range was exceeded. 
       FIGS.  13 A and  13 B  illustrate an example pallet label  368  before and after the chemical indicator  348  shown in  FIG.  12    was applied to the pallet label  368 . 
       FIG.  14 A  illustrates the example pallet label  368  shown in  FIG.  13 B  after the first portion  356  of the chemical indicator  348  has changed color (e.g., green, etc.) to thereby indicate that the allowed temperature/time range was not exceeded. 
       FIG.  14 B  illustrates the example pallet label  368  shown in  FIG.  13 B  after the second and third portions  360 ,  364  of the chemical indicator  348  have changed colors (e.g., yellow and red, etc.) to thereby indicate a dual temperature excursion and visibly notify quality control personnel that the pallet should be inspected. 
       FIG.  15    is a diagram illustrating the pallet label  368  with the chemical indicator  348  shown in  FIG.  13 B  being incorporated into a pallet level quality monitoring method  372  according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. At  376 , the pallet label  368  (and the chemical indicator  348  thereon) is placed or applied to a pallet of goods (e.g., fresh seafood, other perishable goods, nonperishable goods, etc.). At  380 , the chemical indicator  348  is activated before the pallet is shipped at  384 . The pallet may then be inspected at  388 , e.g., if the chemical indicator  348  indicates (e.g., orange, etc.) should be inspected. At  392 , the pallet is accepted or rejected depending on the chemical indicator  348  and pallet inspection. Accordingly, exemplary embodiments may advantageously integrate temperature performance into existing labels, connect to pallet level (shipping serial container code number (SSCC)/advance ship notice (ASN)), provide visual indicators (e.g., green=OK, orange=inspect, etc.), and combine label and temperature information. 
     In exemplary embodiments, the labels may be barcode scannable. GS 1  data may be combined with indicator information and wireless RF logger data in the oversight cloud or cloud-based online portal. The labels may include an easily visible and discernible pass/inspect indicator (e.g., green for pass, orange for inspect, etc.). Exemplary embodiments may be configured to provide end-to-end cold chain visibility (e.g., farm to store, etc.) and/or be enabled for GS1 GTIN. Exemplary embodiments may provide a solution that visually alerts quality control (QC) if a pallet has been outside of an allowed temperature/time range, which will allow QC to expedite or be selective about which pallets to accept/reject, improve inventory turns, and more efficient use of skilled labor. 
     Exemplary embodiments disclosed herein may provide one or more (but not necessarily any or all) of the following benefits including: time and effort savings to QC personnel, layer of information at individual pallet performance (indicator), inventory turn-over improvements yielding cost savings, added data insights and corrective suggestions, wireless RF tracker or logger provides historical data of temperature (e.g., exact date and time of trailer temperature excursion event), traceability between Inbound to DC and Outbound to Store, and database integration allows for traceability and connecting IoT devices with purchase orders (POs) and performance indicators. 
     Example embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough, and will fully convey the scope to those who are skilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth such as examples of specific components, devices, and methods, to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that specific details need not be employed, that example embodiments may be embodied in many different forms and that neither should be construed to limit the scope of the disclosure. In some example embodiments, well-known processes, well-known device structures, and well-known technologies are not described in detail. 
     The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “have,” and “having,” are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order discussed or illustrated, unless specifically identified as an order of performance. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed. 
     When an element or layer is referred to as being “on”, “engaged to”, “connected to” or “coupled to” another element or layer, it may be directly on, engaged, connected or coupled to the other element or layer, or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly engaged to”, “directly connected to” or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there may be no intervening elements or layers present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (e.g., “between” versus “directly between,” “adjacent” versus “directly adjacent,” etc.). As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. 
     The term “about” when applied to values indicates that the calculation or the measurement allows some slight imprecision in the value (with some approach to exactness in the value; approximately or reasonably close to the value; nearly). If, for some reason, the imprecision provided by “about” is not otherwise understood in the art with this ordinary meaning, then “about” as used herein indicates at least variations that may arise from ordinary methods of measuring or using such parameters. For example, the terms “generally”, “about”, and “substantially” may be used herein to mean within manufacturing tolerances. 
     Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as “first,” “second,” and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments. 
     Spatially relative terms, such as “inner,” “outer,” “beneath”, “below”, “lower”, “above”, “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature&#39;s relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. Spatially relative terms may be intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the example term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated  90  degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. 
     The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure. Individual elements, intended or stated uses, or features of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but, where applicable, are interchangeable and can be used in a selected embodiment, even if not specifically shown or described. The same may also be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the disclosure, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.