Patent Publication Number: US-2019166913-A1

Title: Vaporizer device with removable cartridge and apparatus and method for filling removable cartridge

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/593,906, filed Dec. 2, 2017, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This application relates generally to vaporization of phyto materials, and more specifically to cartridges usable with vaporizer devices, vaporizer devices using removable cartridges and apparatuses and methods for filling cartridges usable with vaporizer devices. 
     INTRODUCTION 
     The following is intended to introduce the reader to the detailed description that follows and not to define or limit the claimed subject matter. 
     Phyto materials extracts are used for various therapeutic and health applications. For instance,  cannabis  extracts are used to treat a variety of medical conditions, such as glaucoma, epilepsy, dementia, multiple sclerosis, gastrointestinal disorders and many others.  Cannabis  extracts have also been used for the general management of pain. 
     While interest in the therapeutic uses of  cannabis  is growing, there are a number of challenges associated with its safe and effective use. Challenges include establishing dosing regimens, standardizing the potency and efficacy of  cannabis  products, and monitoring the use of  cannabis  by individual patients. These challenges also relate to the various forms in which  cannabis  can be delivered (e.g. ingestion, smoking, vaporizing). While vaporization of phyto materials avoids some of the deleterious side effects of smoking, there is often still uncertainty in the dose provided by vaporization due to variability in factors such as vaporization temperature, duration and flow volume. 
     Additionally, the phyto material products themselves (e.g. loose leaf phyto material, extracts etc.) may vary in potency from batch to batch, resulting in different experiences for the patient when consuming different batches of even the same phyto material product. Furthermore, the type or potency of phyto material product that a user consumes may vary over time, as their therapeutic needs change. 
     SUMMARY 
     The following introduction is provided to introduce the reader to the more detailed description to follow and not to limit or define any claimed or as yet unclaimed invention. One or more inventions may reside in any combination or sub-combination of the elements or process steps disclosed in any part of this document including its claims and figures. 
     In accordance with one aspect of this disclosure, which may be used alone or in combination with any other aspect, a vaporization device that allow users to consume removable cartridges filled with phyto material products is provided. The vaporizer devices may facilitate the consumption of varying types and/or potencies of phyto material products through the same vaporizer device. The vaporizer devices can provide a compact nesting arrangement for cartridges that enables the cartridges to be easily installed and removed. The vaporizer devices can also ensure that, once installed, the cartridges are secured and can provide a sealed fluid path through the device. 
     In accordance with this broad aspect, there is provided a vaporizer device comprising: a vaporizer body comprising: an elongated base extending from a first end to a second end, the elongated base including a pair of opposed sidewalls extending between the first end and the second end and a second end wall at the second end; a mouthpiece formed at the second end of the base, the mouthpiece comprising an inhalation aperture through the second end wall; an air intake manifold mounted to the base, the air intake manifold having a first manifold end and a second manifold end, the air intake manifold comprising an ambient air input port disposed between the first manifold end and the second manifold end, the ambient air input port being exposed to an external environment; a cartridge receptacle formed within the elongated base, wherein the cartridge receptacle is defined between the sidewalls, the second end wall and the second end of the air intake manifold; and a cartridge removably mountable in the cartridge receptacle, the cartridge comprising: a cartridge housing extending from a first cartridge end to a second cartridge end; an elongated storage compartment, the storage compartment being configured to store a vaporizable material, the storage compartment comprising an inner storage volume wherein the vaporizable material is storable in the inner storage volume, wherein the inner storage volume is enclosed by the cartridge housing; a heating assembly disposed at the first cartridge end, the heating assembly comprising a heating element and a wicking element, wherein the heating element thermally coupled to the wicking element, and wherein the wicking element is in fluid communication with the inner storage volume; and a fluid conduit extending through the cartridge housing, the fluid conduit having a fluid conduit inlet at the first cartridge end and a fluid conduit outlet at the second cartridge end, wherein the fluid conduit is in fluid communication with the wicking element; wherein when the cartridge is mounted within the cartridge receptacle, the fluid conduit inlet is fluidly connected to the air intake manifold and the fluid conduit outlet is fluidly connected to the mouthpiece, and a fluid flow passage is defined between the ambient air input port and the inhalation aperture, the fluid flow passage passing through the heating assembly whereby vaporized material is inhalable through the inhalation aperture. 
     In some embodiments, the fluid conduit outlet protrudes beyond the second cartridge end and is received by the mouthpiece when the cartridge is mounted within the cartridge receptacle. 
     In some embodiments, the cartridge includes a plurality of cartridge electrical contacts disposed at the first cartridge end; the device body includes a plurality of device electrical contacts disposed at the second end of the air intake manifold, the plurality of device electrical contacts engaging the plurality of cartridge electrical contacts when the cartridge is mounted within the cartridge receptacle. 
     In some embodiments, the device includes a cartridge lock unit, the cartridge lock unit configured to secure the cartridge in a mounted position within the cartridge receptacle, the cartridge lock unit being adjustable between a locked position and an unlocked position, where when the cartridge is mounted in the cartridge receptacle and the cartridge lock unit is in the locked position, the cartridge lock unit retains the cartridge in the cartridge receptacle and prevents removal of the cartridge, and when the cartridge is positioned in the cartridge receptacle and the cartridge lock unit is in the unlocked position, the cartridge unit is removable from the cartridge receptacle. 
     In some embodiments, the device includes an ejection actuator positioned within the base underlying the cartridge receptacle, the ejection actuator adjustable between an extended position in which the ejection actuator extends into the cartridge receptacle and a retracted position in which the actuator is retracted within the base. The ejection actuator can be biased to the extended position. 
     In some embodiments, the inner storage volume at least partially surrounds the fluid conduit. 
     In some embodiments, an outer surface of the elongated storage compartment is externally exposed when the cartridge is mounted within the cartridge receptacle. 
     In some embodiments, the elongated storage compartment includes a viewing region overlying at least a portion of the inner storage volume, the viewing region positioned on a portion of the exposed outer surface of the elongated storage compartment, where the viewing region is at least partially transparent such that vaporizable liquid positioned in the storage compartment is visible through the viewing region. 
     In some embodiments, the device body includes a plurality of display indicators proximate the first end of the base, the plurality of display indicators including a plurality of light emitting diodes. 
     In some embodiments, the vaporizer body includes: at least one energy storage member mounted to base; and a recharging port proximate the first end of the base. 
     In some embodiments, the center of gravity of the vaporizer device is closer to the first end of base than to the second end of the base. 
     In some embodiments, the vaporizer body has an elliptical cross section. 
     In some embodiments, the vaporizer body is tapered from the first end to the second end, such that a first surface area of the elliptical cross-section proximate the first end is greater than a second surface area of the elliptical cross-section proximate the second end. 
     In some embodiments, the base is formed using a metal material. 
     In some embodiments, the base has a unitary construction. 
     In some embodiments, the base defines a recess, the recess extending from the first end of the device body to the second end of the device body. 
     In some embodiments, the recess includes a plurality of recess sections, the plurality of recess sections including a first recess section and a second recess section, the first section extending from the first end of the base towards the second end of the base, and the second section defining the cartridge receptacle; and at least one of an energy storage member and a control circuit are mounted within the first recess section. 
     In some embodiments, the air intake manifold is mounted within a third recess section that is between the first recess section and the second recess section. 
     In some embodiments, the vaporizer body includes a body cover that is securable to the base, where the body cover overlies the first recess section. 
     In some embodiments, the body cover is formed using a non-conductive material. 
     In some embodiments, the vaporizer device includes a control circuit assembly that includes the control circuit mounted to a support assembly, the support assembly including a support member that extends through the first recess section to the first end of the base, where the support assembly includes a rubberized end cover member that frictionally engages the base and the body cover at the first end of the base and defines a first end of the vaporizer body at the first end of the base. 
     In some embodiments, the cartridge includes a plurality of cartridge electrical contacts disposed at a first cartridge end; the vaporizer body includes a plurality of device electrical contacts disposed at the second manifold end, the plurality of device electrical contacts engaging the plurality of cartridge electrical contacts when the cartridge is secured within the cartridge receptacle; and the vaporizer body includes a control circuit assembly having a wireless communication module and at least one energy storage member, and the control circuit assembly is electrically connected to the plurality of device electrical contacts. 
     In some embodiments, a flow sensor is disposed within the air intake manifold, the flow sensor operable to detect a mass of air entering the ambient air input port. 
     In some embodiments, the fluid flow sensor includes a mass airflow sensor. 
     In some embodiments, the fluid flow sensor includes a volumetric airflow sensor. 
     In some embodiments, the volumetric airflow sensor includes a microphone. 
     In some embodiments, a puff sensor is disposed within the air intake manifold, the puff sensor operable to detect air entering the ambient air input port. 
     In some embodiments, the device body includes a plurality of device electrical contacts disposed at the second end of the air intake manifold; the cartridge includes a plurality of cartridge electrical contacts disposed at the first cartridge end; and the elongated storage compartment includes at least one registration feature, the registration feature permitting the cartridge to engage the cartridge receptacle with the fluid conduit fluidly connected to the air intake manifold at the first cartridge end and the fluid conduit fluidly connected to the mouthpiece at the second cartridge end and with the plurality of device electrical contacts engaging the plurality of cartridge electrical contacts, and preventing the cartridge from being secured within the cartridge receptacle in any other orientation. 
     In some embodiments, the cartridge includes a filling aperture defined in the cartridge housing extending into the inner storage volume, the filling aperture configured to allow the vaporizable material to be deposited into the inner storage volume; and the filling aperture is sealable by heating the filling aperture to a melting temperature to seal the inner storage volume with the vaporizable material deposited therein. 
     In some embodiments, the vaporizer body includes an activation lock, the activation lock being adjustable between an activated state and a deactivated state, in the deactivated state the activation lock prevents the heating assembly from being energized, and in the activated state the activation lock enables energizing of the heating assembly, and the activation lock is set to the deactivated state by default. 
     In some embodiments, the vaporizer body includes an activation lock input, the activation lock input being usable to adjust the activation lock between the activated state and the deactivated state. 
     In some embodiments, when the cartridge is mounted within the cartridge receptacle, the cartridge housing is fluidically sealed from the external environment apart from the ambient air input port and the inhalation aperture. 
     In accordance with another aspect of this disclosure, which may be used alone or in combination with any other aspect, a cartridge encloses a fluid conduit and has a storage compartment for a vaporizable phyto material. The fluid conduit can extend throughout the length of the cartridge defining a substantially linear flow passage. This may facilitate the flow of air and vapor through the cartridge and make it easier for a user to inhale vapor from a vaporization device using the cartridge. The storage compartment can be arranged to surround the fluid conduit. This may also allow the cartridge to provide an increased storage volume for vaporizable material. 
     The heating element assembly can also be positioned concentrically with both the storage compartment and the fluid conduit, in between the storage compartment and fluid conduit. This may allow the heating element assembly to provide an increased surface area for vaporizing the material from the storage compartment. This may also allow the device to include additional apertures between the storage compartment and heating assembly. 
     In accordance with this broad aspect, there is provided a cartridge usable with a vaporizer device that includes a mouthpiece having an inhalation aperture, the cartridge comprising: a cartridge housing extending from a first end of the cartridge to a second end of the cartridge; an elongated storage compartment, the storage compartment being configured to store a vaporizable material, the storage compartment comprising an inner storage volume wherein the vaporizable material is storable in the inner storage volume, wherein the inner storage volume is enclosed by the cartridge housing; a heating assembly disposed at the first end of the storage compartment, the heating assembly comprising a heating element, a wicking element, and a storage interface member, wherein the heating element is in thermal contact with the wicking element, wherein the storage interface member surrounds the wicking element, and the storage interface member includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced fluid apertures fluidly connecting the wicking element to the inner storage volume; and a fluid conduit extending through the housing from a conduit inlet at the first end to a conduit outlet at the second end, wherein the fluid conduit is fluidly connected to the wicking element, the fluid conduit passes through the heating assembly; wherein the storage compartment, heating assembly and fluid conduit are concentrically disposed; wherein the storage compartment surrounds the heating assembly and the fluid conduit; and wherein the fluid conduit extends along the entire length of the elongated storage compartment. 
     In some embodiments, the elongated storage compartment has a first storage section and a second storage section, the second storage section surrounds the fluid conduit proximate the second end of the cartridge, and the first storage section surrounding the heating assembly and the fluid conduit; the inner storage volume in the first storage section has a first section inner radius; the inner storage volume in the second storage section has a second section inner radius; and the second section inner radius is less than the first section inner radius. 
     In some embodiments, the housing has a first housing section and a second housing section; the first housing section extends from the first end of the cartridge towards the second end, and the second housing section extends from the first housing section to the second end of the cartridge; a non-transitory computer readable memory and a plurality of electrical contacts are disposed within the first housing section; and the heating element and storage compartment are entirely contained within the second housing section. 
     In some embodiments, the cartridge includes a plurality of cartridge electrical contacts at the first end of the housing, the plurality of electrical contacts being engageable with corresponding base electrical contacts provided on the vaporizer device. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of cartridge electrical contacts are flush with the housing at the first end of the cartridge. 
     In some embodiments, the housing has an elliptical cross section. 
     In some embodiments, the housing has planar side sections that extend perpendicular to the major axis of the elliptical cross-section. 
     In some embodiments, the housing is tapered from the first end to the second end, such that a first surface area of the elliptical cross-section proximate the first end is greater than a second surface area of the elliptical cross-section proximate the second end. 
     In some embodiments, the fluid conduit includes a first conduit section, a second conduit section, and a third conduit section, wherein the second conduit section is downstream from the first conduit section and upstream from the third conduit section; the first conduit section extends from the first end of the housing to an upstream end of the heating assembly; the second conduit section extends from the upstream end of the heating assembly to a downstream end of the heating assembly through the heating assembly, and the second conduit section is fluidly connected to the wicking element; the third conduit section extends from the downstream end of the heating assembly to the second end of the housing. 
     In some embodiments, the housing includes at least one mounting member that is engageable with corresponding mounting components of the vaporizer device; and the at least one mounting member is asymmetric whereby the housing is engageable with the corresponding mounting components in only one orientation. 
     In accordance with another aspect of this disclosure, which may be used alone or in combination with any other aspect, a cartridge encloses a fluid conduit and has a storage compartment for a vaporizable phyto material. The cartridge can include a viewing region formed in the cartridge housing that allows the interior of the storage compartment to be visible through the housing, even when the cartridge is installed for user. This may allow a user to easily assess the remaining quantity of vaporizable material in the storage compartment. The fluid conduit may also be visible from the exterior of the cartridge. A user can use the viewing region to assess the state of the fluid conduit while the cartridge is installed. 
     In accordance with this broad aspect, there is provided a cartridge usable with a vaporizer device that includes a mouthpiece having an inhalation aperture, the cartridge comprising: a housing extending from a first end of the cartridge to a second end of the cartridge; an elongated storage compartment, the storage compartment being configured to store a vaporizable material, the storage compartment comprising an inner storage volume wherein the vaporizable material is storable in the inner storage volume, wherein the inner storage volume is enclosed by the cartridge housing, wherein the cartridge housing includes a viewing region overlying at least a portion of the inner storage volume and the viewing region is at least partially transparent to enable the vaporizable material to be visible through the viewing region; a heating assembly disposed at the first end of the cartridge, the heating assembly comprising a heating element and a wicking element, wherein the heating element is in thermal contact with the wicking element, and wherein the wicking element is fluidly connected to the inner storage volume; and a fluid conduit extending through the housing from a conduit inlet at the first end to a conduit outlet at the second end, wherein the fluid conduit is fluidly connected to the wicking element; wherein the storage compartment surrounds the fluid conduit. 
     In some embodiments, the cartridge includes a plurality of cartridge electrical contacts at the first end of the housing, the plurality of electrical contacts being engageable with corresponding base electrical contacts provided on the vaporizer device; and a temperature sensor in thermal communication with the heating element; where the temperature sensor is electrically coupled with the plurality of cartridge electrical contacts, and the temperature sensor is configured to output a temperature signal indicative of a temperature of the heating element. 
     In some embodiments, the cartridge includes a plurality of cartridge electrical contacts at the first end of the housing, the plurality of electrical contacts being engageable with corresponding base electrical contacts provided on the vaporizer device; and a non-transitory computer readable memory having stored thereon a unique cartridge identifier for uniquely identifying the cartridge, where the memory is electrically coupled with the first plurality of electrical contacts. 
     In some embodiments, the cartridge housing has an elliptical cross section. 
     In some embodiments, the cartridge housing has planar side sections that extend perpendicular to the major axis of the elliptical cross-section. 
     In some embodiments, the cartridge housing is tapered from the first end to the section end, such that a first surface area of the elliptical cross-section proximate the first end is greater than a second surface area of the elliptical cross-section proximate the second end. 
     In some embodiments, the fluid conduit includes a first conduit section, a second conduit section, and a third conduit section, where the second conduit section is downstream from the first conduit section and upstream from the third conduit section; the first conduit section extends from the first end of the housing to an upstream end of the heating assembly; the second conduit section extends from the upstream end of the heating assembly to a downstream end of the heating assembly through the heating assembly, and the second conduit section is fluidly connected to the wicking element; and the third conduit section extends from the downstream end of the heating assembly to the second end of the housing. 
     In some embodiments, the cartridge includes a filling aperture that extends through the cartridge housing and into the inner storage volume, the filling aperture configured to allow the vaporizable material to be deposited into the inner storage volume; where the filling aperture is sealable by heating the filling aperture to a melting temperature to seal the inner storage volume with the vaporizable material deposited therein. 
     In some embodiments, the cartridge includes a plurality of cartridge electrical contacts at the first end of the housing, the plurality of electrical contacts being engageable with corresponding base electrical contacts provided on the vaporizer device; and a cartridge control unit electrically coupled with the plurality of cartridge electrical contacts. 
     In some embodiments, the heating assembly includes a storage volume interface member that engages an inner surface of the enclosed storage compartment; the storage volume interface member surrounds the wicking element; and the storage volume interface member includes a plurality of fluid apertures fluidly connecting the wicking element to the inner storage volume. 
     In some embodiments, the fluid apertures are circumferentially spaced around the storage volume interface member at regular intervals. 
     In some embodiments, the heating element has a ceramic outer layer having an annular cross-section with an inner heating element surface and an outer heating element surface; the heating element includes a resistive heating wire secured within the ceramic outer layer; the wicking element is wrapped around the outer heating element surface; and the inner heating element surface defines a portion of the fluid conduit. 
     In some embodiments, the viewing region is on a first outer surface of the storage compartment; and the storage compartment also includes an opaque region aligned with the viewing region. 
     In some embodiments, the fluid conduit is positioned between the viewing region and the opaque region, and the fluid conduit is at least partially visible through the viewing region. 
     In some embodiments, an interior surface of the opaque region includes a cartridge identification label. 
     In some embodiments, the opaque region is provided on an inner surface of the storage compartment. 
     In some embodiments, the cartridge housing includes at least one mounting member that is engageable with corresponding mounting components of the vaporizer device; and the at least one mounting member is asymmetric such that the housing is engageable with the corresponding mounting components in only one orientation. 
     In some embodiments, the fluid conduit protrudes beyond the second end of the housing, and the protruding section of the fluid conduit is configured to engage with the mouthpiece. 
     In accordance with another aspect of this disclosure, which may be used alone or in combination with any other aspect, a phyto material cartridge has a lid formed separately from the base. The lid and base can be sealed after being filled, which can simplify the process of filing the storage compartment. In some cases, the lid and base may using mating mechanical securing members to secure the lid to the base. This may allow the lid to be removed and the cartridge to be refilled. 
     In accordance with this broad aspect, there is provided a cartridge usable with a vaporizer device that includes a mouthpiece having an inhalation aperture, the cartridge comprising: a cartridge body extending from a first end of the cartridge to a second end of the cartridge, the cartridge body having a cartridge base and a cartridge cover; an elongated storage compartment that is configured to store a vaporizable material, the storage compartment including a compartment base and storage compartment sidewalls, the storage compartment sidewalls being defined by the cartridge base, the storage compartment sidewalls extending around the compartment base and the storage compartment sidewalls extending from the compartment base to an upper sidewall perimeter; a heating assembly disposed at the first end of the cartridge, the heating assembly comprising a heating element and a wicking element, wherein the heating element is in thermal contact with the wicking element, and wherein the wicking element is fluidly connected to the inner storage volume; and a fluid conduit extending through the housing from the first end to the second end, wherein the fluid conduit is fluidly connected to the wicking element; wherein the cartridge base and the cartridge cover are formed separately; and the cartridge cover is secured to the cartridge base with the cartridge cover engaging the storage compartment sidewalls throughout the upper sidewall perimeter to define an enclosed inner storage volume that is fluidly sealed along the upper sidewall perimeter, and the vaporizable material is storable in the inner storage volume; 
     In some embodiments, the cartridge cover is secured to the cartridge base at a plurality of securing locations around an outer periphery of the cartridge cover. 
     In some embodiments, the cartridge cover includes a plurality of cover engagement members and the cartridge base includes a corresponding plurality of base engagement members; and the cartridge cover is secured to the cartridge base, with the cartridge cover enclosing the inner storage volume, by engaging the cover engagement members with the corresponding base engagement members. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of cover engagement members comprise snap fittings. 
     In some embodiments, the cartridge cover has a cover body that defines a top outer surface of the cartridge, the top surface facing in a first direction away from the inner storage volume; the plurality of cover engagement members project from the cover body in a second direction, the second direction being opposite to the first direction; and the plurality of base engagement members are provided on opposing lateral sides of the cartridge base. 
     In some embodiments, each cover engagement member comprises a first member section and a second member section, the first member section extending in the second direction from the cover body to a distal member end, and the second member section extends laterally inward of the first member section at the distal member end; and each base engagement member comprises a recess shaped to receive the second member section of the corresponding cover engagement member, and to retain the cover engagement member in the recess when the cartridge cover is mounted to the cartridge base. 
     In some embodiments, each cover engagement member is a resilient engagement member; and when the cartridge cover is lowered onto the cartridge base, the resilient engagement member automatically engages the corresponding base engagement member with the second member section inserted into the corresponding recess. 
     In some embodiments, the cartridge cover includes a viewing region overlying at least a portion of the inner storage volume and the viewing region is at least partially transparent to enable the vaporizable material to be visible through the viewing region. 
     In some embodiments, the cartridge includes a compressible seal member extending along the upper sidewall perimeter between the cartridge cover and the cartridge base, where when the cartridge cover is secured to the cartridge base, the seal member is compressed and defines the seal between the cartridge cover and the cartridge base. 
     In some embodiments, the compartment base is in thermal contact with the fluid conduit. 
     In some embodiments, the fluid conduit is in contact with the compartment base throughout the majority of the elongated storage compartment. In some cases, the fluid conduit is in contact with the compartment base throughout the entire length of the elongated storage compartment. 
     In some cases, the storage compartment includes a tongue member defining the compartment base; and the tongue member also defines a wall of the fluid conduit. In some embodiments, the tongue member is metallic. 
     In some embodiments, the fluid conduit defines a linear airflow passage throughout a majority of the cartridge housing. 
     In some embodiments, the wicking element extends into the inner storage volume. 
     In some embodiments, the cartridge includes a plurality of electrical contacts proximate the first end of the cartridge body, the plurality of electrical contacts being engageable with corresponding electrical contacts provided on the vaporizer device, the plurality of electrical contacts positioned on a bottom surface of the cartridge base. 
     In some embodiments, the cartridge body has a top surface defined by the cartridge cover and a bottom surface defined by the cartridge base that is opposite to the top surface; a central axis extends through the cartridge body from the first end to the second end, the central axis being equidistant from the top surface and the bottom surface; and the fluid conduit is positioned below the storage compartment on the bottom side of the central axis. In some cases, the fluid conduit may be positioned on the bottom side of the central axis for the majority of its length. In some cases, the fluid conduit may be positioned on the bottom side of the central axis for the entirety of its length downstream of an upstream end of the heating chamber. 
     In accordance with another aspect of this disclosure, which may be used alone or in combination with any other aspect, the storage compartment of a phyto material cartridge may be filled prior to installing the lid of the cartridge. This may allow vaporizable liquids to be dispensed using wider dispensing nozzles, increasing the speed at which cartridges can be filled. This may also allow vaporizable material to be deposited in semi-fluid or even solid form and then enclosed within the storage compartment. 
     In accordance with this broad aspect, there is provided a method for filling a cartridge with a vaporizable material, the cartridge having a cartridge base and a cartridge lid, the cartridge base defining a bottom surface and a peripheral sidewall of a storage compartment that has an open top side, the method comprising: positioning the cartridge base within a filling tray with the bottom surface of the storage compartment facing upwardly; depositing vaporizable material into the open top side of the storage compartment; lowering the cartridge lid onto the cartridge base; and securing the cartridge lid to the cartridge base at a plurality of fastening locations around the perimeter of the cartridge lid. 
     In some embodiments, securing the cartridge lid to the cartridge base involves engaging corresponding frictional engagement members providing on the cartridge lid and on the cartridge base. 
     In some embodiments, the frictional engagement members engage automatically as the cartridge lid is lowered onto the cartridge base. 
     In some embodiments, the peripheral sidewall extends around the bottom surface and extends from the bottom surface to an upper sidewall perimeter, and the method includes: positioning a seal member around the upper sidewall perimeter; and compressing the seal member as the cartridge lid is lowered onto the cartridge base. 
     In some embodiments, depositing vaporizable material into the open top side of the storage compartment involves injecting liquid vaporizable material using an injection syringe. 
     In some embodiments, the vaporizable material is deposited into the open top side of the storage compartment in a solid or semi-solid state. 
     In accordance with another aspect of this disclosure, which may be used alone or in combination with any other aspect, the storage compartment of a phyto material cartridge is filled through a filling aperture formed in a cartridge housing manufactured of a thermoplastic material. The filling aperture can then be sealed by melting a section of housing adjacent to the aperture and using the melted section to form a wall sealing the filling aperture. This may allow a wider filling aperture to be used, while ensuring that the storage compartment is enclosed after being filled. 
     In accordance with this broad aspect, there is provided a method of filling a cartridge with a vaporizable material, the method comprising: providing a storage compartment having an outer wall defining an inner storage volume, the outer wall having a filling aperture formed thereon; inserting a filling nozzle into the filling aperture; injecting liquid vaporizable material through the filling aperture into the inner volume; and sealing the filling aperture after the liquid vaporizable material is injected to define an enclosed inner storage volume. 
     In some embodiments, the outer wall is formed from a thermoplastic material having a defined melting temperature, and method involves sealing the filling aperture by: heating an outer wall section adjacent the filling aperture to the defined melting temperature to provide a melted outer wall section; and forming the melted outer wall section over the filling aperture to seal the filling aperture. 
     In some embodiments, heating the outer wall section involves inserting a heated plunger into the filling aperture. 
     In accordance with another aspect of this disclosure, which may be used alone or in combination with any other aspect, a filling apparatus has a filling tray assembly and a robotic arm assembly. The arm assembly can automatically fill multiple cartridges positioned within the tray assembly. The arm assembly can also seal multiple cartridges after filling while they are positioned in the filling assembly. This may provide a more efficient method of filling multiple phyto material cartridges. 
     In accordance with this broad aspect, there is provided an apparatus for filling a cartridge with a vaporizable material, the cartridge having a cartridge base and a storage compartment, the apparatus comprising: an apparatus base; a tray secured to the apparatus base, the tray shaped to retain the cartridge base; a movable arm assembly secured to the apparatus base, the movable arm assembly including a dispensing nozzle; and a storage reservoir usable to house the vaporizable material, the storage reservoir fluidly coupled to the dispensing nozzle; wherein the movable arm assembly is operable to direct a nozzle outlet of the dispensing nozzle into the storage compartment; and the dispensing nozzle is operable to inject vaporizable material from the storage reservoir into the cartridge. 
     In some embodiments, the storage compartment has an outer wall defining an inner storage volume and a filling aperture formed in the outer wall; the dispensing nozzle is sized to be accommodated within the filling aperture; and the movable arm assembly is operable to insert the nozzle outlet into the filling aperture when the cartridge is positioned in the tray, and to inject the vaporizable material into the cartridge through the filling aperture. 
     In some embodiments, the outer wall is formed from a thermoplastic material having a defined melting temperature; the movable arm assembly includes an extensible plunger having a heatable distal end; the arm assembly is configured to heat the distal end of the plunger to a defined melting temperature, and to move the plunger to contact an outer wall section of the outer wall adjacent to the filling aperture to melt the outer wall section to seal the filling aperture. 
     In some embodiments, the movable arm assembly is configured to extend the heated plunger into the filing aperture to melt the outer wall section. 
     In some embodiments, the apparatus includes an array of trays secured to the base; each tray is shaped to retain the cartridge base of a corresponding cartridge; and the arm assembly is moveable direct the nozzle outlet of the dispensing nozzle into the storage compartment of the corresponding cartridge positioned in each tray. 
     In some embodiments, the arm assembly includes a lid support member operable to grasp a lid corresponding to each cartridge, and the arm assembly is configured to lower the lid onto the corresponding cartridge base positioned in each tray. 
     In some embodiments, the arm assembly is configured to compress the lid onto the corresponding cartridge base until the lid secures itself to the base. 
     In some embodiments, the arm assembly is configured to direct the nozzle outlet into an open top surface of the cartridge positioned in each tray. 
     These and other aspects and features of various embodiments will be described in greater detail below. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the described embodiments and to show more clearly how they may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a top front perspective view of an example vaporization device with removable cartridge in an unlocked position in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 2  is a side perspective view of an example control circuit assembly removed from the base of the vaporization device of  FIG. 1  in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 3  is a front perspective view of a base and cover of the body of the vaporization device of  FIG. 1  in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 4  is an exploded perspective view of an example cartridge assembly in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 5  is a front perspective view of an example heating element assembly that may be used in the cartridge assembly of  FIG. 4  in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 6  is a side cutaway view showing the example cartridge assembly of  FIG. 4  in an unlocked position relative to a portion of the cartridge receptacle of the example vaporization device of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 7  is an isolated perspective view of the example cartridge assembly of  FIG. 4  and an example air intake manifold that may be used with the example vaporization device of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 8  is a sectional view of the example air intake manifold of  FIG. 7  attached to the example cartridge assembly of  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 9  is an enlarged view taken of a filling aperture of the example cartridge assembly of  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 10  is a top cutaway view of the example vaporization device of  FIG. 1  showing the removable cartridge assembly in an installed position; 
         FIG. 11  is an example diagram of a cartridge identifier label that may be used with the cartridge assembly of  FIG. 4  in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 12  is a top front perspective view of another example vaporization device and cartridge assembly in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 13  is a top front perspective view of the vaporization device base of  FIG. 12  with the cartridge assembly removed in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 14  is a top front perspective view of an insert assembly of the vaporization device of  FIG. 13  in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 15  is a bottom front perspective view of the cartridge assembly of  FIG. 12  in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 16  is a side perspective view of the vaporization device of  FIG. 12  with a vaporization body housing removed in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 17  is a side perspective view of a vaporization body housing that may be used with the vaporization device of  FIG. 12  in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 18  is an isolation view of an example air intake manifold that may be used with the vaporization device of  FIG. 12  in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 19  is an exploded view of the example air intake manifold of  FIG. 18 ; 
         FIG. 20  is a top perspective view of the example air intake manifold of  FIG. 18 ; 
         FIG. 21  is side section view of the example air intake manifold of  FIG. 18  along line  21 - 21  shown in  FIG. 20 ; 
         FIG. 22  is a side perspective view of the vaporization device of  FIG. 12  with the cartridge assembly partially removed; 
         FIG. 23  is a rear side perspective view of the vaporization device of  FIG. 22  with the cartridge assembly partially removed; 
         FIG. 24  is a front perspective view of the cartridge assembly of  FIG. 12  with a cartridge cover removed in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 25  is a front perspective view of another example cartridge assembly that may be used with the vaporization device of  FIG. 12  with a cartridge cover removed in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 26  is a cross-sectional side view of the cartridge assembly of  FIG. 25  installed in the vaporization device of  FIG. 12  in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 27  is a rear perspective exploded view of the cartridge assembly of  FIG. 24  showing the cartridge body, cartridge cover and a sealing member in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 28  is a front perspective exploded view of the cartridge assembly of  FIG. 27 ; 
         FIG. 29  is a front perspective isolation view of a storage compartment base and heating assembly that may be used with the cartridge assembly of  FIG. 24  in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 30  is a rear perspective isolation view of the storage compartment base and heating assembly of  FIG. 29 ; 
         FIG. 31  is a front perspective view of a heating assembly that may be used with the cartridge assembly of  FIG. 24  in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 32  is a rear perspective view of the heating assembly of  FIG. 31 ; 
         FIG. 33  is an exploded view of the heating assembly of  FIG. 31 ; 
         FIG. 34  is a top perspective view of a heating element that may be used with the heating assembly of  FIG. 31  in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 35  is a side view of the heating element of  FIG. 34 ; 
         FIG. 36  is a top plan view of the heating element of  FIG. 34 ; 
         FIG. 37  is a side view of another heating element that may be used with the heating assembly of  FIG. 31  in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 38  is a top plan view of the heating element of  FIG. 37 ; 
         FIG. 39  is a bottom plan view of the heating element of  FIG. 37 ; 
         FIG. 40  is a top front perspective view of the cartridge cover of the cartridge assembly of  FIG. 25  in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 41  is a top front perspective view of the cartridge base of the cartridge assembly of  FIG. 25  in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 42  is a perspective cut-away view of the cartridge base of  FIG. 41  with a portion of the base housing removed; 
         FIG. 43  is a perspective view of an example heating assembly that can be used with the cartridge assembly of  FIG. 25  in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 44  is a perspective view of an example heating element and an example wick element that can be used in the heating assembly of  FIG. 43 ; 
         FIG. 45  is a perspective view of the heating element of  FIG. 44 ; 
         FIG. 46  is a top front perspective view of the cartridge cover of the cartridge assembly of  FIG. 24  in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 47  is a top front perspective view of the cartridge base of the cartridge assembly of  FIG. 24  in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 48  is a perspective cut-away view of the cartridge base of  FIG. 47  with a portion of the base housing removed; 
         FIG. 49  is a perspective view of an example heating assembly that can be used with the cartridge assembly of  FIG. 24 ; 
         FIG. 50  is a perspective view of an example heating element and an example wick element that can be used in the heating assembly of  FIG. 49 ; 
         FIG. 51  is a perspective view of the heating element of  FIG. 50 ; 
         FIG. 52  is a top front perspective view of the cartridge cover of another example cartridge assembly in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 53  is a top front perspective view of the cartridge base of the cartridge assembly of  FIG. 52  in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 54  is a perspective cut-away view of the cartridge base of  FIG. 53  with a portion of the base housing removed; 
         FIG. 55  is a perspective view of an example heating assembly that can be used with the cartridge assembly of  FIG. 52 ; 
         FIG. 56  is a perspective view of the example heating assembly of  FIG. 55  with a wick element removed; 
         FIG. 57  is a perspective view of the heating element of  FIG. 56 ; 
         FIG. 58  is a perspective view of the heating element of  FIG. 57  with a heating element cover removed; 
         FIG. 59  is a perspective view of another example vaporization device and cartridge assembly in accordance with an embodiment with the cartridge assembly removed; 
         FIG. 60  is a side perspective view of the vaporization device and cartridge assembly of  FIG. 59  with the cartridge assembly removed; 
         FIG. 61  is a side perspective view of the vaporization device and cartridge assembly of  FIG. 59  with the cartridge assembly installed in the vaporization device body; 
         FIG. 62  is a schematic sectional view of the cartridge assembly and cartridge receptacle of the vaporization device and cartridge assembly of  FIG. 59  in accordance with an embodiment with the cartridge assembly removed; 
         FIG. 63  is a schematic illustration of a cartridge engagement member that may be used in the vaporization device of  FIG. 59  in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 64  is a front perspective view of a cartridge filling apparatus in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 65  is a front perspective view of the cartridge filling apparatus of  FIG. 64  with a cartridge base mounted to a cartridge engagement member in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 66  is a front perspective view of the cartridge filling apparatus of  FIG. 64  with a cartridge cover mounted to a cartridge engagement member in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 67  is a top front perspective view of a cartridge testing assembly in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 68  is a top front perspective view of the cartridge testing assembly of  FIG. 67  with a cartridge assembly being positioned within a cartridge receiving region; 
         FIG. 69  is a schematic circuit drawing of an example heating element sensing unit that may be used with a vaporization device in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 70  is an example plot illustrating heating element current and heating element temperature of an example vaporization device; 
         FIG. 71  is a top plan view an example vaporization device having a user input interface positioned on a device cover, in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 72  is a cutaway perspective view of the vaporization device of  FIG. 71 ; 
         FIG. 73  is a side plan view of an example vaporization device having an activation sensor in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 74  is a bottom cut-away perspective view of a storage compartment base member that may be used in a cartridge assembly in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 75  is a top perspective view of the storage compartment base member installed within the storage compartment of a cartridge assembly in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIG. 76  is a top perspective view of the storage compartment of the cartridge assembly of  FIG. 75  with the storage compartment base member removed; 
         FIG. 77  is an example plot illustrating differential pressure measurements and inhalation volume measurements over a period of time; 
         FIG. 78  is another example plot illustrating differential pressure measurements and inhalation volume measurements over a period of time; and 
         FIG. 79  is a schematic drawing illustrating an example of a fluid manifold system that may be used with the cartridge assembly of  FIG. 12  in accordance with an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     The drawings included herewith are for illustrating various examples of articles, methods, and apparatuses of the teaching of the present specification and are not intended to limit the scope of what is taught in any way. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Various apparatuses, methods and compositions are described below to provide an example of an embodiment of each claimed invention. No embodiment described below limits any claimed invention and any claimed invention may cover apparatuses and methods that differ from those described below. The claimed inventions are not limited to apparatuses, methods and compositions having all of the features of any one apparatus, method or composition described below or to features common to multiple or all of the apparatuses, methods or compositions described below. It is possible that an apparatus, method or composition described below is not an embodiment of any claimed invention. Any invention disclosed in an apparatus, method or composition described below that is not claimed in this document may be the subject matter of another protective instrument, for example, a continuing patent application, and the applicant(s), inventor(s) and/or owner(s) do not intend to abandon, disclaim, or dedicate to the public any such invention by its disclosure in this document. 
     Furthermore, it will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration, where considered appropriate, reference numerals may be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. In addition, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the example embodiments described herein. However, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the example embodiments described herein may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the example embodiments described herein. Also, the description is not to be considered as limiting the scope of the example embodiments described herein. 
     The terms “an embodiment,” “embodiment,” “embodiments,” “the embodiment,” “the embodiments,” “one or more embodiments,” “some embodiments,” and “one embodiment” mean “one or more (but not all) embodiments of the present invention(s),” unless expressly specified otherwise. 
     The terms “including,” “comprising,” and variations thereof mean “including but not limited to,” unless expressly specified otherwise. A listing of items does not imply that any or all of the items are mutually exclusive, unless expressly specified otherwise. The terms “a,” “an,” and “the” mean “one or more,” unless expressly specified otherwise. 
     Embodiments described herein relate generally to vaporization of vaporizable material, such as phyto materials and phyto material products. Although embodiments are described herein in relation to vaporization of phyto material and phyto material products, it will be understood that other vaporizable materials, such as vaporizable nicotine products and/or synthesized vaporizable compounds, or combinations of vaporizable components may be used. For instance, various vaporizable products containing nicotine or plant derived extracts or oils, such as  cannabis  extract, CBD or terpine extracts and/or synthesized compounds may be used. Phyto material products may be derived from phyto materials such as the leaves or buds of  cannabis  plants. 
     Various methods of vaporizing phyto materials and phyto material products, such as  cannabis  products, are known. Phyto material is often vaporized by heating the phyto material to a predetermined vaporization temperature. The emitted phyto material vapor can then be inhaled by a user for therapeutic purposes. 
     Devices that vaporize phyto materials are generally known as vaporizers. In some cases, oils or extracts derived or extracted from the phyto materials may also be vaporized. For  cannabis  oils or extracts, temperatures in the range of about 500 to 700 degrees Fahrenheit may be applied to vaporize these phyto material products can generate phyto material vapor. 
     The phyto material vapor may be emitted at a temperature that is uncomfortable for a user to inhale. Accordingly, it may be desirable to cool the vapor prior to inhalation. 
     Phyto material products, such as oils and extracts, may be generated in batches. The batches may be mixed in a liquid or semi-liquid state. This may facilitate testing of the potency of the phyto material product and provide greater consistency of potency throughout a batch of phyto material product. 
     Phyto material products, such as oils and extracts may be provided in various liquid, semi-liquid/semi-solid, and solid forms. These liquid phyto material products may be stored in a cartridge or capsule that can be used with a vaporizer device. 
     In some cases, a vaporizable material can be added into a cartridge, and in turn, this cartridge is inserted into a vaporizer. However, it can be quite difficult to fill the cartridges with vaporizable material. Typically, a thin syringe is used to inject very dense oil through a very small applicator tip/orifice into the cartridge. This is a slow process that takes a significant amount of time and, as a result, is not very efficient. Some pressurized systems exist that allow for pressurized extracts to be injected into a cartridge. However, these systems tend to be very inefficient and require manual intervention. 
     Vaporization devices that provide for removable cartridges to be vaporized can allow users to adjust the type and/or potency of phyto material products being consumed. A user may insert a cartridge of a particular type into their vaporization device based on the desired therapeutic effect. If a different effect is desired, or the cartridge is spent, the old cartridge can be removed and a new or different cartridge can be inserted for subsequent vaporization. 
     Vaporization of material from a phyto material cartridge may involve airflow through the phyto material cartridge. However, it can be difficult to ensure consistent airflow through the cartridge as the space available within the vaporization devices limits the space available for a fluid conduit through the cartridge. Smaller fluid conduits through a phyto material cartridge may restrict airflow and cause user inconvenience or discomfort, since the user may be required to repeatedly puff or inhale short sharp intakes of air to encourage air flow through the cartridge. 
     Embodiments described herein related generally to methods and devices for vaporizing phyto material, in particular liquids containing phyto material such as medical  cannabis . In embodiments discussed herein, examples of vaporization devices or vaporizer devices are described that can be used to vaporize cartridges containing vaporizable products such as liquid phyto material products. The example vaporizer devices may be associated with any suitable type of cartridge containing vaporizable liquid materials that is engageable with the vaporizer devices, such as the example cartridges described herein. 
     Similarly, in embodiments discussed herein, examples of cartridges usable to store liquid vaporizable materials that are vaporizable using vaporizer devices are described. The example cartridges may be associated with any suitable type of vaporizer device operable to receive the cartridges, such as the example vaporizer devices described herein. 
     Furthermore, in embodiments discussed herein, examples of apparatuses and methods for filling cartridges with liquid vaporizable material are described. The example filling apparatuses and methods may be associated with any suitable type of cartridge, such as the example cartridges described herein. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 1-11 , shown therein is an example of a vaporization device  100 . Vaporization device  100  is an example of a vaporization device that can be used to vaporize material that may be derived from or contain extracts from phyto materials such as  cannabis . Vaporization device  100  may be used to vaporize phyto material products in a liquid or semi-liquid form, which may be referred to herein as vaporizable liquids or liquid vaporizable materials. 
     In the example shown, vaporization device  100  has a top side  121 , a bottom side  123 , a front side  125 , a rear side  127 , and opposed lateral sides. Vaporization device  100  generally includes a device body  102  that includes a base  104  and a cover  144 . Base  104  defines a bottom surface and opposed lateral sides of vaporization device  100 . The device body  102  can be used to house and retain various components of the vaporization device  100 , such as a control assembly  108 , air intake manifold  110 , and a cartridge assembly  200 . 
     Base  104  defines a cartridge receptacle  116  that is shaped to receive and engage a cartridge, such as cartridge  200 , used to store liquid vaporizable material. The cartridge  200  can be removably mounted to the device body  102  in the cartridge receptacle  116 . The vaporization device  100  can then be activated to vaporize the vaporizable liquid in the cartridge  200  and generate phyto material vapor. A user may then inhale the emitted vapor through inhalation aperture  112  to achieve therapeutic effects. 
     Device body  102  extends from a first device end  102 A to a second device end  102 B. The terminology “first”, “second” and “third” and the like used herein is arbitrary and interchangeable. The inhalation aperture  112  can be provided at the second end  102 B. A user may inhale through the inhalation aperture  112  to consume the phyto material vapor. 
     The device body  102  can have an elongated form that extends over a device length L D  from the first device end  102 A to the second device end  102 B. In the example shown, the device body  102  includes a base  104  that extends between the first device end  102 A and the second device end  102 B. The base  104  can define a housing or outer walls of the device body  102 , such as a bottom wall and sidewalls for body  102 . The base  104  can define an interior device cavity or recess  106  within the housing walls. Various components of the vaporizer device  100  can be positioned within the recess  106 . 
     In the example shown, the base  104  defines a single combined bottom and sidewall extending between the first device end  102 A and the second device end  102 B. The base  104  has inwardly curved sidewalls, with a semi-annular shape along the length of device body  102 . In alternative embodiments, the base  104  may be formed with various other configurations, such as triangular, rectangular, hexagonal, etc. In general, however, the base  104  may have at least one open or exposed (or at least partially exposed) side to allow components, such as a cartridge  200 , to be inserted into the device body  102 . 
     The recess  106  defined by the base  104  can include a portion or section that defines a cartridge receptacle  116 . In the example shown, the cartridge receptacle  116  is defined by the recess  106  proximate the second end  102   b  of device body  102 . The cartridge receptacle  116  can be shaped to receive a phyto material cartridge such as cartridge  200 . 
     The recess  106  may include a plurality of sections or regions along the length of vaporizer device  100 . For example, the recess  106  may include a first section  107  defining a control assembly receiving space and a second section  109  defining the cartridge receptacle  116 . In the example shown, the second recess section  109  is defined proximate the second end  102 B of vaporizer device  100  extending towards the first end  102 A of the vaporizer device  100 . The first recess section  107  is defined proximate the first end  102 A of vaporizer device  100  extending towards the second end  102 B of the vaporizer device  100 . 
     In the example shown, the base  104  has an open first end  102 A. That is, the recess  106  is not enclosed (i.e. the base  104  does not include a wall) at the first device end  102 A. The base  104  may have a substantially closed second end  102 B, apart from inhalation aperture  112 . The recess  106  is thus mostly closed at the second device end  102 B by the base  104  other than inhalation aperture  112 . 
     The inhalation aperture  112  can be defined in the sidewall of base  104 . In the example shown, inhalation aperture  112  is provided in the end wall of base  104  at the second device end  102 B. Inhalation aperture  112  can provide fluid communication between an external environment that surrounds the vaporization device  100  and the interior device cavity  106 . As in the example shown, the inhalation aperture  112  can be formed in the portion of base  104  that defines cartridge receptacle  116 . A fluid flow path through the vaporization device  100  to inhalation aperture  112  may then extend through a cartridge  200  that is positioned in the cartridge receptacle  116 . 
     In some cases, in the absence of a cartridge  200 , the vaporizer device  100  may not define an enclosed fluid flow path that extends to the inhalation aperture  112 . For instance, the cartridge receptacle  116  has an open top side when the cartridge  200  is removed. Thus, the cartridge  200  may be required in order to complete a fluid flow path through vaporizer  100 . 
     In some embodiments, the inhalation aperture  112  may be flush with the end wall of base  104 , e.g. as shown. Alternatively, inhalation aperture  112  may be provided as part of a mouthpiece that extends outwardly from the outer surface of the end wall of base  104 . The mouthpiece may include a removable mouthpiece cover that can be cleaned and/or replaced. 
     The vaporizer  100  may include a control assembly  108 . The control assembly  108  can be positioned within the interior device space  106  (see e.g.  FIG. 1 ). For instance, control assembly  108  can be positioned within the first recess section  107 . 
     The control assembly  108  may be enclosed within the recess  106 . For example, a cover  144  can be secured over the first section  107  of recess  106  within which the control assembly  108  is positioned. This may protect elements of control assembly  108  from exposure to dirt or debris from the external environment. 
     As shown, the control assembly  108  may be mounted to a support member  114 . The support member  114  may extend from a first member end  108 A to a second member end  108 B. The support member  114  may define a control assembly length L CC  measured from the first member end  108 A to the second member end  108 B. 
     The support member  114  can be positioned within the device cavity  106  with the first member end  108 A located at the first device end  102 A. The support member  114  may include an end cover member  118  at the first member end  108 A. The end cover member  118  may define a first end wall for the vaporizer device  100 . The end cover member  118  can engage the first end  102 A of the base  104  to enclose the first end  102 A. 
     In some cases, the end cover member  118  may be wholly or partially rubberized. For example, an inner surface of the end cover member  118  (facing the second end  102 B) may be rubberized. This rubberized end cover member  118  may engage the base  104  at the first end  102 A of when the support member  114  is positioned within the device  102 . This may assist with securing the support member  114  to device  102  and enclosing the first end  102 A. 
     Control circuit assembly  108  may include a control circuit  120 , one or more wireless communication modules ( 122 ,  124 ,  126 ) such as Bluetooth, near-field communication (NFC), and Wi-Fi modules, and an energy storage module  128 , such as one or more batteries. The control circuit  120 , Bluetooth module  122 , NFC module  124 , Wi-Fi module  126 , and energy storage module  128  can all be mounted on, or supported by, the assembly support base  114 . In some embodiments, the assembly support base  114  may include a motherboard that permits electrical communication between all components mounted thereon. 
     Energy storage module  128  can be electrically coupled to the control circuit  120  and the one or more wireless modules. The control circuit  120  can be electrically coupled to the wireless modules and may be configured to control the operation of the Bluetooth module  122 , the NFC module  124  and the Wi-Fi Module  126 . The wireless modules may allow firmware installed on vaporizer device  100 , such as the control circuit  120 , to be updated remotely (e.g. from a central server or through a user application). 
     Control circuit  120  can be configured to monitor and control various components of vaporization device  100 . For example, control circuit  120  can be used to monitor and control the flow of current from energy storage members  128 . Control circuit  120  may also be used to provide user interface functionality and user feedback, such as audio or visual outputs. The control circuit  120  may also be used to control the operation of vaporization device  100 , such as monitoring device activation and controlling operation of a heating assembly that is onboard vaporization device  100  (including heating assembly provided within removable phyto material cartridges). Control circuit  120  may also monitor the state of various components of vaporization device  100 , such as battery discharge levels, air flow sensor activity, sensor signals, heating element temperature and so forth. Control circuit  120  may also monitor one or more device sensors and feedback indicators, examples of which are described in further detail below. 
     In some embodiments, energy storage module  128  may be a rechargeable energy storage module, such as a battery or super-capacitor. Vaporization device  100  may include a power supply port (e.g. a USB-port or magnetic charging port) that allows the energy storage module  128  to be recharged. The energy storage module  128  may optionally be removable to allow it to be replaced. For instance, energy storage module  128  may include non-rechargeable batteries in some alternative cases. 
     In some embodiments, the vaporization device  100  may include a plurality of device status indicators. The status indicators may include various types of status indicators, such as auditory indicators, visual indicators, haptic feedback (e.g. a vibrating motor). The device status indicators may provide a user with information or feedback on various aspects of the device operation, such as remaining battery capacity, on/off status, mode of operation (e.g., high heat, medium heat, or low heat), temperature of a heating assembly, fill status of a cartridge, presence or absence of a cartridge in cartridge receptacle  116 , whether to initiate an inhalation, whether to inhale deeper, whether to stop inhalation and so on. 
     For example, one or more indicator lights (e.g. Light-emitting diodes) may be provided on the vaporization device  100 . The indicator lights may be electrically coupled to the control circuit  120 . Accordingly, the control circuit  120  may control the operation of the indicator lights. 
     The indicator lights can be positioned proximate the first member end  108 A, e.g. at device end  102 A. The indicator lights may be visible from the exterior of vaporizer device  100 , to allow a user to easily identify the status of the vaporizer device  100 . 
     In the example shown, the indicator lights may include a plurality light emitting diodes (LEDs)  130 . The LEDs  130  may be positioned around the member base  118  at the first member end  108 A. 
     The vaporizer device  100  can include a cover  144 . The cover  144  can be secured to base  104  to enclose components of the vaporizer device  100 . 
     As shown, the cover  144  can be secured to base  104  overlying the first recess section  107 . The cover  144  may thus enclose the support member  114 , and associated components mounted thereon, within the recess  106 .  FIG. 1  shows the vaporization device  100  with the cover  144  removed, illustrating the control assembly  108  that may be enclosed by cover  144 . 
     Optionally, device cover  144  may be removably mounted to the body device  102 . This may permit access to the control assembly  108  for repairs and/or replacement. In other cases, the device cover  144  may be fixed to base  104  with the control assembly  108  positioned within the recess  106 . In some such cases, the control assembly  108  may still be accessible, e.g. by sliding the support member  114  out the first device end  102 A. In some embodiments the device cover  144  may be formed with the base  104  as a unitary construction (i.e. a unitary cover and base). 
     In the example shown, the device cover  144  extends between a first cover end  144 A and a second cover end  144 B over a cover length L C . The first cover end  144 A can be secured to base  104  aligned with the first device end  102 A. 
     In the example shown, device cover  144  can be attached to the device base  104  by sliding the device cover  144  in a forward direction  146  from the first device end  102 A towards the second device end  102 B until the first cover end  144 A aligns with the first device end  102 A. Similarly, to remove the device cover  144  from the device body  102 , the device cover  144  may be slid in a rearward direction  148  towards the first device end  102 A. 
     In some embodiments, the device cover  144  may have an indent or recess  150  formed thereon, e.g. as shown in  FIG. 3 . Indent  150  may provide a grip for a user to manipulate the device cover  144 , e.g. by inserting a finger or fingernail in recess  150  to slide device cover in directions  146  and  148 . In some embodiments, instead of sliding, the device cover  144  can be secured to the device body  102  by aligning the first cover end  144 A with the first device end  102  and then applying pressure to the device cover  138  to secure it to the device body  102 . For instance, the device cover  144  may be secured in an upper side of the base  104  by a friction fit. 
     In the example shown, the device cover  144  may have a first lateral edge  144 C and a second later edge  144 D. Base  104  may include a first lateral upper edge  104 A and a second lateral upper edge  104 B. Each upper edge  104 A and  104 B of the base  104  may have an inner lip for at least a portion of the recess  106 . In the example shown, upper edges  104 A and  104 B include inner lips that are shaped to correspond to the lateral edges  114 C and  144 D, respectively. The inner lips may be defined as the curved upper edges of a semi-annular device base  104 . 
     Preferably, the inners lips on upper edges  104 A and  104 B extend from the first device end  102 A over the first recess section  107 . In some cases, the inner lips of the upper edges  104 A and  104 B may also extend over a third section  111  of recess  106  that is between the first recess section  107  and the cartridge receptacle  116 . The inner lips defined in upper edges  104 A and  104 B may assist in retaining components such as the control circuit assembly  108  and air intake manifold  110  secured within base  104 . 
     The inner lips may be defined to extend for a length substantially equal to the cover length L C . The outer edges  144 C and  144 D of device cover  144  can frictionally engage the lips of upper edges  104 A and  104 B. This frictional engagement between the outer edges  144 C,  144 D and the upper lips of edges  104 A,  104 B can maintain the device cover  144  in a fixed position when attached to the device base  104 . Additionally or alternatively, in other embodiments, the device cover  144  and base  104  may include other engagement members, e.g. mating engagement members such as snap fittings. 
     Device cover  144  may be manufactured of a non-conductive material. This may facilitate communication using the wireless modules disposed within the recess  106 . In some embodiments, the device cover  144  may be from rubber or thermoplastic materials. 
     The device cover  144  may be manufactured using material with a higher coefficient of friction than device base  104 . This may facilitate attaching and removing the device cover  144  from base  104 . The cover  144  may also provide a different tactile sense for a user gripping vaporizer device  100 . 
     The base  104  may include a lined inner surface. An inner surface  132  of recess  106  may be lined (wholly or in part) with a partially compressible, resilient material. This may allow components, such as a cartridge  200  and/or support member  114  to be positioned in recess  106  and then secured by frictionally engaging the inner lining of surface  132 . For instance, the inner surface  132  of the recess  106  may be lined with a rubberized material. 
     In the example shown, the support member  114  has a generally rectangular shape. The outer lateral edges of support member  114  can frictionally engage the inner surface  132  of the base  104  when the support member is positioned within recess  106 . When support member  114  is inserted into base  104 , the lateral edges of support member  114  may compress the lining on the inner surface  132 . The inner lining may be formed using a resilient material inclined to return to its uncompressed state. The resilience of inner lining can then assist in retaining support member  114  within the recess  106 . 
     In some embodiments, the support member  114  may include angled sections along its lateral edges. The angled sections may define undercuts along both lateral edges of support member  114 . When the support member  114  (and control assembly  108 ) is positioned within the recess  106 , the undercuts can frictionally engage the inner lining on inner surface  132  of base  104 . This frictional engagement between the undercuts and the internal surface  132  can secure and retain the control assembly  108  in position within the recess  106 . 
     In the example shown, the rectangular support base  114  includes a first outer edge  114 A and a second outer edge  114 B opposite the first outer edge  114 A. Outer edges  114 A and  114 B include undercuts  134  that can engage the rubber lined inner surface  132  of the interior device cavity  106 . 
     Base  104  can be manufactured using a metallic material. For example, the base  104  can be manufacturing using a machining process, such as a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining process. In other cases, the base may be manufacturing using a metal injection molding (MIM) process. In general, however, the base  104  can be formed as a unitary base (i.e. base  104  can have a unitary construction). In some cases, the inner surface  132  of base  104  may then be lined with a compressible, resilient material such as a rubber or thermoplastic material. 
     Alternative materials may also be used for the base  104 . Ceramics, such as ceramics containing zirconium oxide, may be used to manufacture base  104 . Alternatively, thermoplastic materials may be used to manufacture base  104 . 
     Device body  102  can be tapered along its length. For example,  FIG. 3  shows the device body  102  tapering from the first device end  102 A to the second device end  102 B (i.e. forward direction  146 ). In the example shown, a first device cross-section  152  taken proximate the first device end  102 A may have a first sectional surface area  152 A. Similarly, a second device cross-section  154  taken proximate the second device end  102 B may have a second surface area  154 A. As shown, the first surface area  152 A is larger than second surface area  154 A due to the taper of the device body  102 . It will be appreciated that as the degree of the taper increases or decreases, the difference in size between first surface area  152 A and second surface area  154 A will correspondingly increase or decrease. 
     In the example shown, the device body  102  has a generally elliptical cross-section. The elliptical cross-section can prevent the vaporization device  100  from rolling when placed on a surface (e.g. for storage). In addition, the elliptical cross-section may provide a comfortable grip from the user&#39;s hand and improve structural integrity by minimizing sharp edges. In some embodiments, the device body  102  may have other cross sectional configurations, such as circular, triangular, rectangular, hexagonal, etc. 
     The vaporizer  100  can also include an air intake manifold  110 . The air intake manifold  110  can be positioned within the recess  106 . In some, air intake manifold  110  may be provided on support assembly  114 . For example, air intake manifold  110  may be provided along with the control assembly  108  on the support member  114 . Alternatively, the air intake manifold  110  can be positioned within recess  106  adjacent to, and even contacting, the second end  108 B of control assembly  114 . 
     For example, recess  106  may include a third recess section  111  between the first recess section  107  and the second recess section  109 . The third recess section  111  can receive the air intake manifold  110 . In some cases, the third recess section  111  may not be enclosed by cover  144 , but rather an upper surface of air intake manifold  110  may be externally accessible. 
     Alternatively, the cover  144  may overlie some or all of the air intake manifold  110 . In such cases, the cover  144  may include a gap or access section allow a user to access a release actuator  162  usable to engage or disengage a cartridge  200  within receptacle  116 . 
     In some cases, the air intake manifold  110  can be fixed within the base  104 . The air intake manifold  110  can then define a fixed first end of the receptacle  116 . 
     The air intake manifold  110  may have a first manifold end  110 A and a second manifold end  1106  opposite the first manifold end  1106 . In some embodiments, first manifold end  110 A may be positioned to abut the second end  108 B of the control assembly  108 . In the example shown, the air intake manifold  110  may be mounted on the assembly support base  114 . Mounting the air intake manifold  110  on the assembly support base  114  can permit the air intake manifold  110  to be held in position along with the control assembly  108 . When mounted on the assembly support base  114 , the second manifold end  1106  can be substantially aligned with the second member end  108 B. Thus, the support base  114  may be positioned in both the first and third sections of recess  106 , with the control assembly  108  positioned in the first section  107  and the air intake manifold  110  positioned in the third section  111 . 
     In some cases, the air intake manifold  110  may be secured within the base  104  while permitting a slight deflection or compression of air intake manifold  110 . For instance, a gap or compressible coupling may be provided between air intake manifold  110  and the end  108 B of control assembly  108 . When a cartridge  200  is inserted into receptacle  116 , the air intake manifold  110  can be deflected towards the first end  102 A of device body  102  to allow the cartridge  200  to rotate into position within receptacle  116 . The air intake manifold  110  can be biased or resiliently supported and encouraged to return to its base position, thus providing a further frictional engagement with the upstream end of a cartridge  200  positioned within receptacle  116 . 
     In some cases, the second manifold end  1106  may include a compressible coupling member. The compressible coupling member may permit a slight deformation when cartridge  200  is inserted in receptacle  116 . This coupling member may then assist in securing cartridge within receptacle  116 . For example, the coupling member may be in the form of a compressible seal member that extends around the perimeter of air intake manifold second end  1106 . 
     Air intake manifold  110  may include a manifold fluid flow channel  136  defined therethrough. The manifold  110  can include at least one air input aperture  138 , which may be referred to as an ambient air inlet or ambient air aperture. The manifold  110  can also include a manifold outlet  139  at the second manifold end  1106 . The manifold outlet  139  may be positioned facing the cartridge receptacle  116 . The manifold fluid channel  136  can extend between the one or more ambient air inlets  138  and the manifold outlet  139 , defining a fluid passage between the ambient air inlet and the cartridge receptacle  116 . 
     In some embodiments one or more porous screens may be disposed within fluid channel  136 , e.g. at inlets  138 . The porous screens may be configured to encourage laminar air flow in the ambient air entering fluid channel  136 . The screen or screens may have pores of about 0.1 mm or 0.2 mm or 0.3 mm. The screens may also filter the ambient air to prevent dirt or debris from entering fluid channel  136 . 
     The ambient air inlet  138  can be aligned with a lateral side of the vaporizer base  104 . The base  104  can also include at least one air input port  140  corresponding to the ambient air inlet  138 . Each air input port  140  can be aligned with at least one of the air input apertures  138  of the air intake manifold  110  when the vaporization device  100  is assembled. 
     The ambient air inlet  138  can be positioned in the third recess section  111  (i.e. aligned with the location of air intake manifold  110  between the first end  102 A and the second end  102 B). As a result, the fluid flow path in vaporizer device  100  may not pass through any part of the first recess section  107  in which the control assembly  108  is positioned. 
     In some cases, the vaporizer device  100  may include a plurality of ambient air inlets. In the example shown, the at least one air input aperture  138  includes air input apertures  138 A and  138 B on opposite sides of the air intake manifold  110 . The device base  104  includes corresponding input ports  140 A and  140 B corresponding to apertures  138 A and  138 B. The air input apertures  138 A and  138 B may be fluidly connected to the same manifold fluid channel, and may join together as they flow downstream towards the manifold outlet. 
     In some embodiments, the air intake manifold  110  can include a fluid flow sensor  142  (see e.g.,  FIG. 8 ). The fluid flow sensor  142  can be configured to determine a volume or mass of ambient air  60  being drawn into the manifold fluid flow channel  136 . Optionally, instead of, or in addition to, the fluid flow sensor  142 , the air intake manifold  110  may include a puff sensor (not shown) positioned within the manifold fluid flow channel  136 . The puff sensor and the fluid flow sensor  142  sensor may determine a volume of ambient air  60  passing through the air intake manifold  110 . Optionally, an audio microphone may be positioned with the manifold fluid flow channel  136  to determine a volume or mass of airflow passing through the air intake manifold  110 . 
     Air intake manifold  110  can be electrically coupled to the control circuit  120 . In some embodiments, the air intake manifold  110  can be electrically coupled to the control circuit  120  through the assembly support base  114 . The fluid flow sensor  142  can provide flow signals to control circuit  120 . The control circuit  120  may use the flow signals to determine the air flow through the air intake manifold  110 . Based on the detected airflow, the control circuit  120  may perform various operations, such as activating/deactivating the heating assembly and/or adjusting a temperature of the heating assembly. 
     In some embodiments, the vaporizer device  100  can include a lock unit usable to secure the cartridge  200  within cartridge receptacle  116 . For example, the air intake manifold  110  may have a lock unit  160  positioned proximate the second manifold end  110 B (i.e. proximate the upstream end of receptacle  116 ). 
     Lock unit  160  can include a lock member  164  configured to engage the cartridge  200  when cartridge  200  is positioned within receptacle  116 . For example, the lock member  164  may be in the form of a flange extending from the second manifold end  110 B into the receptacle  116 . The lock member  164  may be adjustable between an extended or locked position, in which lock member  164  extends into receptacle  116  and a retracted or unlocked position in which lock member  164  recedes from receptacle  116 , e.g. into manifold  110 . 
     Lock unit  160  may also include a release member or actuator  162 . The actuator  162  may be usable by a user to adjust the lock member  164  between the locked and unlocked positions. For example, release actuator  162  may be in the form of a slider. A user may slide the actuator  162  to adjust the lock member  164  to the unlocked position to allow a cartridge  200  to be removed. In some cases, the lock member  164  (and actuator  162 ) can be biased to the locked position. This may allow the cartridge to automatically lock into place in vaporizer  100  when lowered into the receptacle  116 . 
     In some embodiments, the vaporizer device  100  may include a cartridge ejection actuator  170 . The ejection actuator  170  can be mounted within the cartridge receptacle  116 . The ejection actuator  170  may be operable to eject the cartridge  200  from receptacle  116  when the lock member  164  is unlocked. 
     For example, the ejection actuator may be a spring attached to the base  104  of the vaporizer device  100  proximate the second manifold end  1106  (within the receptacle  116 ). The spring may be movable between an extended position, in which the actuator extends into the receptacle  116 , and a retracted position in which the actuator is receded to extend less (or retracted into the base  104 ). 
     When the removable cartridge assembly  200  is fully inserted within the cartridge receptacle  116  and held in place by the releasable locking unit  160 , the spring  170  can be forced to a compressed state. When the lock unit is released, the spring&#39;s biasing to the extended position can encourage the cartridge assembly  200  to be ejected from receptacle  116 . 
     The base  104  may define a lip or overhang  156  in receptacle  116  proximate the second device end  102 B. The lip  156  may extend from the second device end  102 B towards the first device end  102 A to cover a small portion of receptacle  116  inwardly adjacent to inhalation aperture  112 . To insert a cartridge into the receptacle  116 , an outlet end of the cartridge can be inserted under the lip  156 , facing inhalation aperture  112 . In some cases, the outlet end may extend into (and even through inhalation aperture  112 ). The cartridge may then be lowered from the position shown in  FIG. 6 , e.g. along angle θ, until the upstream end of the cartridge  200  engages the air intake manifold  110  and the cartridge is secured by lock unit  160 . 
     A cartridge receptacle length L R  can be measured between the second member end  108 B and the second device end  102 B. The cartridge receptacle length L R  combined with the support member length L CC  (including the air intake manifold  110 ) can define the device length L D . A ratio of the cartridge receptacle length L R  to the device length L D  may be between 0.2 and 0.8. In the example shown, the ratio is approximately 0.25. That is, the control assembly length L CC  is about 75% of the device length L D  or the cartridge receptacle length L R  is 25% the device length L D . It will be appreciated that the ratio between the cartridge receptacle length L R  and the device length L D  may vary. 
     The center of gravity  174  of the vaporization device  100  may be positioned closer to the first device end  102 A than the second device end  102 B. When a cartridge is removed from receptacle  116 , or the vaporizable material  50  stored in the storage reservoir  216  decreases as it is vaporized, the center of gravity  174  may shift even closer to the first device end  102 A. Having the center of gravity  174  positioned closer to the first device end  102 A than the second device end  102 B may make holding the vaporization device  100  to a user&#39;s mouth more comfortable, since the weight may be positioned near the first end  102 A that is grasped by a user. When a user inserts the inhalation aperture  112  into their mouth, the device  100  will naturally tend to hang at an angle to the horizontal as this may provide a more comfortable use position for the user. 
       FIG. 4  shows an exploded perspective view of an example removable cartridge assembly  200 . In the example shown, cartridge  200  has a top side  201 , a bottom side  203 , a front side  205 , a rear side  207 , and opposed lateral sides. Removable cartridge assembly  200  may include a cartridge housing  202 , a fluid conduit  204 , a heating assembly that includes a heating chamber  206 , a wicking element  208 , and a heating element assembly  210 , a housing end cover  212 , and a storage compartment  216 . 
     Cartridge housing  202  can extend between a first cartridge end  202 A and a second cartridge end  202 B opposite the first cartridge end  202 A. A housing sidewall  214  may extend between the first cartridge end  202 A and the second cartridge end  202 B. A housing length L H  can be measured between the first housing end  202 A and the second cartridge end  202 B. 
     The fluid conduit  204  can extend through the cartridge housing  202  from the first cartridge end  202 A to the second cartridge end  202 B. The fluid conduit  204  can include a cartridge conduit inlet or upstream inlet  204 A at the first cartridge end  202 A. The fluid conduit  204  can include a cartridge conduit outlet or downstream inlet  204 B at the second cartridge end  2026 . The fluid conduit  204  can include a plurality of conduit sections, including a first or upstream section  258 , a second or intermediate section  226 , and a third or downstream section  223 . 
     A cartridge aperture  218  can be defined in the cartridge housing  202  at the conduit outlet  204 B. As will be described in more detail herein below, when the removable cartridge assembly  200  is positioned within the cartridge receptacle  116  of vaporization device  100 , the cartridge aperture  218  can be aligned with, and engage, the inhalation aperture  112 . The inhalation aperture  112  can thus be fluidly coupled to fluid conduit  204 . 
     In some embodiments, the cartridge aperture  218  of the fluid conduit  204  may protrude from the housing  202  at the second cartridge end  202 B, e.g. as shown in  FIG. 8 . In this configuration, the cartridge aperture  218  may thus provide an engagement member that can engage the inhalation aperture  112 . 
     The storage compartment or reservoir  216  can be used to store vaporizable material for use with a vaporizer  100 . The storage compartment  216  can be enclosed by the outer housing sidewall  214 . In the example shown, the storage compartment  216  can surround the fluid conduit  204 . That is, the fluid conduit  204  may define a passage that extends through the center of the storage compartment  216 . 
     In the example shown, the storage compartment  216  has a substantially annular or toroidal shape. That is, the storage compartment  216  has an outer periphery or surface defined by cartridge housing  202  and an inner periphery or surface defined by wall  220 . As shown, wall  220  can also define and enclose a downstream section  223  of the fluid conduit  204 . The storage compartment  216  and the fluid conduit  204  can be concentrically disposed about a central axis of the conduit  204 . 
     The storage compartment  216  can also be fluidly connected to a heating assembly. The heating assembly can be used to vaporize the material stored in the storage compartment  216  so that it can be inhaled by a user of the vaporizer device  100 . As shown, inner wall  220  of the storage compartment  216  can also enclose a heating chamber section  226  of the fluid conduit  204 . 
     The heating assembly can include a heating chamber  206  within the cartridge  200 . The heating chamber  206  can be surrounded by the storage compartment  216 . The heating chamber  206  may be positioned proximate the end of the storage compartment  216 . In cartridge  200 , the heating chamber  206 , fluid conduit  204  and storage compartment  216  can be concentrically and coaxially positioned. 
     Heating chamber  206  may extend between a first chamber end  206 A and a second chamber end  206 B opposite the first chamber end  206 A. The heating chamber  206  may be defined by an interface member or wall  224  that extends between the first chamber end  206 A and the second chamber end  206 B. A heating chamber length L CH  can be measured between the first chamber end  206 A and the second chamber end  206 B. 
     Interface member  224  can enclose a heating chamber cavity that defines a second section  226  of the fluid conduit  204 . In the example shown, the heating chamber outer wall  224  extends cylindrically between the first and second chamber ends  206 A and  206 B, making the heating chamber  206  a cylindrical heating chamber. It will be appreciated that the heating chamber  206  can have many other configurations, such ovular, triangular, rectangular, hexagonal, etc. 
     The interface member  224  can also define a fluid coupling between the heating chamber  206  and the storage compartment  216 . The interface member  224  can include a plurality of apertures  228  positioned facing the storage compartment  216 . The apertures  228  can be circumferentially spaced around interface member  224 . The inner wall  220  of storage compartment  216  may have one or more apertures aligned with the apertures  228  to allow vaporizable material to flow into the heating chamber  206 . Alternatively, inner wall  220  may have a gap or void section that extends around its entire circumference aligned with the aperture  228 . 
     In the example shown, heating chamber  206  is positioned surrounded by the storage reservoir  216 . Fluid can flow into the heating chamber  206  from the surrounding storage reservoir  216  via apertures  228 . 
     A heating element assembly  210  can be contained within the heating chamber  206 . The heating element assembly  210  extends from a first assembly end  210 A to a second assembly end  210 B. A heating element length L HE  can be measured between the first assembly end  210 A and the second assembly end  210 B. The heating element assembly  210  may have an outer heating element surface  230  that extends between the first and second ends  210 A and  2106 . The fluid conduit  204  can pass through an inner surface of the heating element assembly  210 . 
     In the example shown, the heating element assembly  210  is generally cylindrical in shape. The heating element assembly  210  can thus be positioned concentrically with the storage compartment  216 . As shown, heating element assembly  210  is also concentric with fluid conduit  204 . 
     The heating assembly can also include a wicking element  208 . The wicking element  208  can at least partially surround the heating element assembly  210 . The wicking element  208  can also be arranged concentrically and co-axially with the heating element assembly  210 . The wicking element  208  can be thermally coupled to heating element assembly  210 , e.g. by contacting the outer surface  230  of the heating element assembly  210 . 
     The wicking element  208  can be positioned between the interface member  224  and the heating element assembly  210 . Vaporizable material from the storage compartment  216  can be drawn to the heating element assembly  210  by wicking element  208 . The vaporizable material in the wicking element  208  can then be heated by the heat emitted from the outer surface  230  of the heating element assembly  210 . 
     Optionally, one or both of heating element assembly  210  and wicking element  208  may be manufactured using porous materials. For example, heating element assembly  210  may be manufactured using a porous ceramic. 
     In embodiments where both heating element assembly  210  and wick  208  are manufactured using porous materials, the pore sizes of the heating element assembly  210  and wick  208  may differ. For instance, the wicking element  208  can have pores with a smaller diameter than the pores of heating element assembly  210 . For example, a porous ceramic material used with heating element assembly  210  may be macro-porous having pores with a diameter larger than 50-80 nm, and in some cases larger than 100 nm. The wicking element  208  may have pores with diameters smaller than 50 nm. 
     When assembled, the wick  208  and the heating element assembly  210  can be positioned with the heating chamber cavity  226  of heating chamber  106 . The heating chamber cavity  226  can include a void or vapor aperture  234  fluidly connecting the wicking element  208  and the fluid conduit  204 . Vapor emitted from heating the vaporizable material in wick  208  can then be drawn into fluid conduit  204  through vapor aperture  234 . 
     Heating element assembly  210  may be positioned within the heating chamber cavity  226  with the wicking element  208  fluidly coupling the fluid conduit  204  to the storage compartment  216 . As shown, wicking element  208  is in fluid communication with vaporizable material  50  held in the storage reservoir  216  via the plurality of vaporizable material receiving apertures  228  defined on the heating chamber outer wall  224 . The vaporizable material  50  can thus be drawn towards the heating element assembly  210  by wicking element  208 . 
     When energized, the heating element assembly  210  can emit heat to heat wick  208 . The vaporizable material drawn into wick  208  can then be heated as well. By heating the vaporizable material  50  to a predetermined vaporization temperature, a phyto material vapor  70  can be emitted. The predetermined vaporization temperature may vary depending on user preference and/or the form of the vaporizable material. 
     The vapor can then pass through fluid flow gap  234  into the fluid conduit  204 . The vapor can travel through the fluid conduit  204  towards the cartridge aperture  218 . When the cartridge  200  is positioned within the cartridge receptacle  116 , with the cartridge aperture  218  engaged with inhalation aperture  112 , the vapor can then be inhaled by a user of vaporizer device  100 . 
     Preferably, heating chamber length L CH  is smaller than heating element length L HE . Second element end  110 B may abut the second chamber end  106 B, e.g., as shown in  FIG. 8 . Since the heating chamber length L CH  is longer than the heating element length L HE , a fluid flow gap  234  may be provided between the second element end  210 B and the second chamber end  206 B. 
     The heating element assembly  210  may include a resistive heating wire. Alternatively, a plurality of resistive heating wire bands  264  are positioned between the first and second element ends  210 A and  210 B, e.g. as shown. The resistive heating bands  264  may be energizable to emit heat by providing current through the bands  264 . As shown in  FIG. 5 , the resistive bands  264  can be enclosed with an outer wall  230  of the heating element assembly. The outer wall may be manufactured of a material having limited thermal conductivity, such as a porous ceramic material. The porous ceramic material may initially provide a partial thermal and electrical insulator that allows the resistive heating element  264  to heat up relatively fast due to the low thermal inertia of wall  230 . However, when the porous ceramic outer wall  230  is saturated with a vaporizable material, such as a phyto material extract, the thermal conductivity of outer wall  230  can increase. When energized, the heat emitted by the resistive heating wire flows outwardly through the heating element outer wall  230  to heat the wicking element  208 . 
     In some cases, the heating element assembly  210  may include a temperature sensor  266 . Temperature sensor  266  may be able to measure a temperature of the heat emitted by the resistive heating wire. 
     Heating element assembly  210  and, in particular, the resistive heating wire  264  and the temperature sensor  266  disposed therein, may be electrically coupled to a cartridge control circuit  242 . For instance, electrical couplings  268  can extend between the heating element assembly  210  and control circuit  242 . 
     In some embodiments, rather than, or in addition to the temperature sensor  266 , cartridge control unit  242  may be configured to extrapolate the temperature of heating element assembly  210 . For example, vaporization device may store a calibration lookup table usable to correlate the voltage and current through the resistive heating element  264  with the temperature of heating element assembly  210 . The temperature of the resistive heating wire  264  may be estimated by sensing a current applied to the heating element assembly  210 . 
     The current applied can be measured by a current sensing integrated circuit, such as ACS722 (manufactured by Allegro MicroSystems) and an analog to digital converter (e.g. a 12, 14 or 16 Bit ADC) to measure battery rail voltage. With the combination of applied current and battery rail voltage, a temperature of the heating element assembly  210  or the resistive heating wire  264  may be extrapolated using a formula based on calibration data contained in a lookup table (LUT). 
     The memory module  254  may also store temperature related calibration parameters for the resistive wire  164 . For example a calibration relationship between a current through the resistive wire and an overall temperature of the heating element assembly  210  can be determined. The determined calibration values may be programmed into the memory module  254  during manufacturing production. 
     A cartridge may be installed in a testing apparatus, such as testing and calibration apparatus  1100  shown in  FIGS. 67 and 68 . A known current can be applied to the heating element assembly  210  and a temperature of the heating element assembly  210  can be measured. For example, a thermal sensing camera, such as one made by FLIR, or other remote temperature sensing apparatus may be used. The calibration apparatus  1100  can then determine a calibration relationship between the applied current and the measured temperature, and store the calibration relationships within the memory module  254 . 
     This process may be repeated automatically for a plurality of currents and a plurality of resulting temperatures. The calibration apparatus  1100  can include low resistance current sensing resistor, for example, a current sensing resistor having a resistance of 50 μΩ or 100 μΩ or 1 milliΩ or a fraction of an Ohm may be used. The current sensing resistor is disposed in series with the resistive wire  264 . An ADC can then be used to measure a voltage drop across this current sensing resistor to determine voltage across the resistive wire  264  (and thus the current). 
     Cartridge control circuit  242  may be used to control operation of the heating element assembly  210 . Cartridge control circuit  242  may be used to activate/deactivate the heating element assembly  210 , e.g. when the temperature measured by the temperature sensor  266  falls below a certain value. In some cases, the cartridge control circuit  242  may be used to selectively activate the heating element assembly  210  to heat only selected portions of the resistive heating wire. Cartridge control circuit  242  may also be used to adjust the settings of heating element assembly  210 , such as adjusting the predetermined vaporization temperature. In some cases, the predetermined vaporization temperature may be adjusted based on the data stored in the memory module  254  indicating the type of vaporizable material in storage compartment  216 . 
     Cartridge control circuit  242  may monitor other operational characteristics of vaporization device  100 , such as determining that the cartridge  200  no longer contains, or has a low volume of vaporizable material. For example, control circuit  242  may determine that the heating element assembly  210  is increasing in temperature too rapidly (e.g. at a rate above a heating threshold). Control circuit  242  may then determine that heating element assembly  210  is no longer in contact with vaporizable material indicating that the cartridge  200  is empty or nearly empty. Cartridge control circuit  242  can provide a feedback signal to control circuit  120 , which in turn can provide an indication to the user that the cartridge  200  is empty or nearly empty. 
     The cartridge assembly  200  can also include a base or end cap assembly  212 . The base  212  may include a chamber sheath  236 , a sheath support  238 , an end cap conduit section  240 , and a base closure member  244 . The cartridge control circuit  242  can be mounted on base  212 . 
     Chamber sheath  236  can enclose a portion  246  of the first conduit section  226 . An outer dimension of the chamber sheath  236  may be substantially equal to, although slightly larger than, an outer dimension of the heating chamber  206 . Accordingly, the heating chamber  206  may be, at least partially, inserted into the chamber sheath  236 . 
     Chamber sheath  236  may be connected directly to the cartridge control circuit  242 . Optionally, a sheath support  238  may be mounted to the chamber sheath  236  to provide added structural support. Sheath support  238  may connect the chamber sheath  236  to the cartridge control circuit  242 , e.g. as shown. Frictional engagement between an interior surface  248  of chamber sheath  236  and the heating chamber outer wall  224  may secure the heating chamber  206  to the end cap assembly  210 . For instance, the heating chamber  206  may be mounted in chamber sheath  236  in a friction fit. 
       FIG. 5  shows a front perspective view of the heating element assembly  210  attached to the end cap assembly  212 . Both the chamber sheath  236  and the sheath support  238  of the end cap assembly  212  have been removed to illustrate internal components. As noted above, when the removable cartridge assembly  200  is assembled, storage reservoir  216  may be closed at the second cartridge end  202 B by the end cap assembly  212 . In the example shown, the base closure member  244  is configured to substantially match the configuration of the open first cartridge end  202 A. The end cap assembly  212  can be inserted within the open first cartridge end  202 A with the base closure member  244  acting as a plug to close the first cartridge end  202 A. Frictional engagement between the housing sidewall  214  and an outer edge  250  of the base closure member  244  may secure the end cap assembly  210  within the outer housing  202 . The outer edge  250  of base closure member  244  may include compressible material, such as a rubberized lining, that provides a snug engagement between base closure member  244  and the housing sidewall  214  when inserted in first end  202 A. 
     Cartridge control circuit  242  may be electrically coupled to the base closure member  244 . Optionally, the cartridge control circuit  242  may be configured to substantially correspond to the configuration of the base closure member  244 , e.g. as shown. Frictional engagement between the housing sidewall  214  and an outer edge  252  of the cartridge control circuit  242  may further support engagement of the end cap assembly  210  and the cartridge housing  202 . In alternative embodiments, the cartridge control circuit  242  may be mounted directly to the base closure member  244 . 
     In the example shown, the cartridge control circuit  242  includes a memory module  254 . Memory module  254  may store data associated with cartridge  200 , such as a unique identifier (e.g. an identification serial number) that can be used to identify the removable cartridge assembly  200 . The memory  254  can store data (e.g., type, concentration, dose, etc.) regarding the vaporizable material  50  within the removable cartridge assembly  200 . In some cases, the unique identifier may be used to retrieve data associated with cartridge assembly  200  and/or vaporizable material  50 . 
     Closure member  244  may include an end cap conduit section  240  that forms an upstream portion of the first conduit section  258 . The end cap conduit section can extend between a first end cap conduit end  240 A and a second end cap conduit end  240 B opposite the first end cap conduit end  240 A. An end cap conduit outer wall  256  can extend between the first end cap conduit end  240 A and the second end cap conduit end  240 B. In the example shown, the end cap conduit outer wall  256  extends cylindrically between the first and second end cap conduit ends  240 A and  240 B, forming a cylindrical conduit section. Although a cylindrical end cap conduit section is shown, it will be appreciated that the end cap conduit  240  may have many other configurations, such ovular, triangular, rectangular, hexagonal, etc. 
     In the example shown, the end cap conduit section  240  extends through apertures  260  and  262  defined in the cartridge control circuit  242  and the base closure member  244 , respectively. The apertures  260  and  262  may be sized to be substantially equal to, although be slightly larger than, an outer dimension of the end cap conduit section  240 . Accordingly, when the end cap is being assembly, the outer wall  256  of end cap conduit section  240  can be inserted through the apertures  260  and  262 . Preferably, outer wall  256  is inserted through apertures  260  and  262  until the first end conduit end  240 A is flush with the base closure member  244 , e.g. as shown in  FIG. 7 . 
     End cap conduit portion  240  may be fluidly connected with a sheath fluid conduit portion  246 . Preferably, the second end cap conduit end  240 B is axially aligned with the second heating element end  210 B, e.g. as shown. When assembled, the end cap fluid portion  240  (defining first conduit section  258 ), the sheath fluid conduit portion  246  and heating chamber cavity (together defining second fluid conduit section  226 ), and the downstream section  223  together define the fluid conduit  204  extending throughout the length of cartridge  200 . That is, the fluid conduit  204  defines a cartridge fluid flow path  278  that extends the entire length of the cartridge housing  202  between the first cartridge end  202 A and the second cartridge end  202 B, e.g. as shown in  FIG. 8 . As shown in  FIG. 8 , the fluid flow path  278  can be a linear flow path throughout the length of cartridge  200 , which may facilitate air flow through the cartridge  200  by reducing backpressure and airflow loss that might otherwise be caused by turns in the air flow passage. 
       FIG. 6  shows a side cutaway view showing the removable cartridge assembly  200  in an unlocked position relative to the vaporization device  100 . Removable cartridge assembly  200  may be dimensioned to fit snugly within the cartridge receptacle  116  defined within the interior device cavity  106 , e.g. shown in  FIG. 1 . The device body  102  and cartridge assembly  200  can include one or more registration features to ensure that cartridge assembly  200  is installed correctly within receptacle  116 . 
     For example, housing sidewall  214  may define a registration feature that allows the removable cartridge assembly  200  to be inserted into the cartridge receptacle  116  is only one way. The registration feature may be referred to as a polarizing feature that restricts insertion of the removable cartridge assembly  200  to only one orientation. Accordingly, the user may be prevented from inserting the removable cartridge assembly  200  in the wrong way. 
     In the example shown, the registration feature can include a projection tab  270  that extends outwardly from the second cartridge end  202 B. Projection tab  270  may have a projection aperture (not shown) defined therethrough. Projection aperture may substantially align with the cartridge aperture  218 , thus enabling fluid communication between the projection aperture and the cartridge aperture  218 . The projection tab  270  can extend outwardly from cartridge end  202 B so that cartridge  200  cannot be inserted in receptacle  116  unless the tab  270  is engaged with inhalation aperture  112 . 
     Alternatively, the projection tab  270  can be integrally formed with the outer housing  202 , e.g. formed by the housing sidewall  214 . In embodiments where the projection tab  270  is integrally formed with the outer housing  202 , the projection tab  270  may have the cartridge aperture  218  defined therethrough. 
     As shown in  FIG. 6 , to insert the cartridge  200  into vaporization device  100 , a user can insert the projection tab  270  into the inhalation aperture  112  through the cartridge receptacle  116  at the second device end  102 A. Removable cartridge assembly  200  may be inserted at an insertion angle θ measured relative to the device body  102 . Preferably, the insertion angle is approximately 45 degrees, e.g. as shown. However, insertion angles between 20 and 70 degrees are possible. Insertion angle θ may permit the projection tab  270  to enter the cartridge receptacle  116  (and inhalation aperture  112 ) beneath the overhang  156  formed by the housing sidewall  214 , e.g. as shown. 
     A user may then fully insert the removable cartridge assembly  200  within the cartridge receptacle  116  by rotating cartridge  200  relative to device body  100  to reducing the insertion angle θ to 0 degrees, i.e. lowering the first cartridge end  202 A to be adjacent the second manifold end  210 B. When the user is lowering the first cartridge end  202 A into the cartridge receptacle  116 , the overhang  156  (and inhalation aperture  112 ) can maintain the second cartridge end  202 B in position within the cartridge receptacle  116 . This may prevent dislodgement of the removable cartridge assembly  200  from the cartridge receptacle  116  during the insertion process. The overhang  156  may also prevent side to side rotation of the cartridge  200  when being inserted into receptacle  116 , or after insertion, by engaging the top surface of cartridge  200 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 6 , a plurality of cartridge electrical contacts  272  can protrude from the first cartridge end  202 A. The plurality of cartridge electrical contacts  272  may extend from the base closure member  244 , e.g. as shown in  FIG. 7 . The plurality of cartridge electrical contacts  272  may be in electrical communication with cartridge control circuit  242 . The electrical contacts  272  can also be electrically connected to heating assembly  210  to allow current from energy storage module  128  to be directed through the resistive wire  264 . 
     Referring again to  FIG. 1 , a plurality of device electrical contacts  158  can be contained within device body  102 . The device electrical contacts  158  may extend outwardly from the second manifold end  1106 . The device electrical contacts  158  can be electrically connected to control circuit  120  and energy storage module  128 . 
     As noted above, the air intake manifold  110  may be electrically coupled to the control circuit  120 . In some embodiments, the air intake manifold  110  can be electrically coupled to the control circuit  120  through the assembly support base  114 . Alternatively, the air intake manifold  110  can be directly electrically coupled to the control circuit  120 . Accordingly, the plurality of manifold electrical contacts  158  may be in electrical communication with control circuit  120  through manifold  110 . 
     The registration feature of the removable cartridge discussed above (e.g., projection tab  270 ) can ensure that the plurality of manifold electrical contacts  158  substantially align and engage with the plurality of cartridge electrical contacts  272  when the removable cartridge assembly  200  is fully inserted within the cartridge receptacle  116 . As a result, when fully inserted, the cartridge control circuit  242  and heating element assembly  210  of the removable cartridge assembly  200  may be in electrical communication with the control circuit  120 . Energy storage module  128  may be used to energize the cartridge control circuit  242  and the heating element assembly  210 . Control circuit  120  may also be used to control the operation of the cartridge control circuit  242 . 
     As mentioned above, the device body  102  may further include a releasable lock unit  160  defined proximate the second manifold end  1106 . The lock unit  160  can include a lock member  164  that may project into the receptacle  116 . As the first cartridge end  202 A of the removable cartridge assembly  200  is lowered into the cartridge receptacle  116  during insertion, the lock member  164  may be forced, from contact with the first cartridge end  202 A, to move in an unlocking direction  166  toward the first manifold end  110 A. 
     When the removable cartridge assembly  200  is completely inserted into the cartridge receptacle  116 , the lock member  164  can automatically move back in a locking direction  168  to protrude from the second manifold end  1106 . The lock member  164  may thus automatically secure the removable cartridge assembly  200  within the cartridge receptacle  116 . When the removable cartridge assembly  200  is positioned within the cartridge receptacle  116  and held in place by the releasable locking unit  160 , the removable cartridge assembly  200  may be considered to be in a secured position. 
     In the secured position, the cartridge aperture  218  can be substantially aligned with the inhalation aperture  112 . Accordingly, the cartridge aperture  218  and the inhalation aperture  112  may be in fluid communication. Thus, when the removable cartridge assembly  200  is in the locked position, the cartridge fluid flow path  278  may be in fluid communication with the external environment surrounding the vaporization device  100  through inhalation aperture  112  and ambient air inlet ports  138 . The cartridge fluid flow path  278  may otherwise be fluidically sealed from the external environment. 
     To release the removable cartridge assembly  200  from the cartridge receptacle  116  (e.g. after vaporization), the release member  162  can be moved in the unlocking direction  166 . For example, a user may grip the slider  162  with their fingers and slide it in the unlocking direction  166 . Moving the release member  162  in the unlocking direction  166 , can retract the lock member  164  such that it no longer protrudes outwardly from the second manifold end  1106  to engage cartridge  200 . As a result, the lock member  164  may no longer retain the removable cartridge assembly  200  within the cartridge receptacle  116 . The ejection actuator  170  may then promote ejection of the cartridge assembly  200  from receptacle  116 . 
     Additionally or alternatively, a fingernail groove (not shown) may be formed between the cartridge housing  202  and base  104  to facilitate removal of the removable cartridge assembly  200  from the cartridge receptacle  116 . The fingernail groove may extend in a direction substantially orthogonal to the housing length L H , and preferably be formed proximate the first cartridge end  202 A. The fingernail groove may have a width suitable for a user to insert one of their fingernails or a tool such as a pin or knife into, for e.g. preferably between 0.5 and 2 mm. For example, as the lateral slider  162  is moved in the unlocking direction  166  to release the removable cartridge assembly  200  from being retained by the lock flange  164 , the fingernail groove may be accessed by the user&#39;s fingernail to pull the removable cartridge assembly  200  out of the cartridge receptacle  116 . 
       FIG. 7  shows a rear perspective view of the air intake manifold  110  separated from the removable cartridge assembly  200 .  FIG. 7  illustrates the corresponding plurality of cartridge electrical contacts  272  of the removable cartridge assembly  200  and manifold electrical contacts  158  of the air intake manifold  110 . 
     In order to fit snuggly within the cartridge receptacle  116 , the cartridge housing  202  may be dimensioned to correspond to the taper of the device body  102 . In the example shown in  FIG. 7 , the cartridge housing  202  tapers from the first cartridge end  202 A to the second cartridge end  202 B. A first housing cross-section  274  taken proximate the first cartridge end  202 A may have a first surface area  274 A. Similarly, a second housing cross-section  276  taken proximate the second cartridge end  202 B may have a second surface area  276 A. Due to the taper of the outer housing  202 , the first surface area  274 A may be larger than second surface area  276 A. It will be appreciated that as the degree of the taper increases or decreases, the difference in size between first surface area  274 A and second surface area  276 A will correspondingly increase or decrease. 
     In the example shown, the outer housing  202  has an elliptical cross-section. The elliptical cross-section of cartridge housing  202  may correspond substantially to the elliptical cross-section of the device body  102  at the cartridge receptacle  116  (although cartridge housing  202  may be slightly narrower). 
     The elliptical cross-section may prevent the removable cartridge assembly  200  from rolling when placed on a surface (e.g. for storage). In addition, the elliptical cross-section may improve structural integrity of the removable cartridge assembly  200  by minimizing sharp edges. In some embodiments, the outer housing  202  may have other configurations, such as circular, triangular, rectangular, hexagonal, etc. to substantially match the configuration of the device body  102 . 
       FIGS. 7 and 8  illustrate the manifold fluid flow channel  136  defined within the air intake manifold  110 . In the example shown, the manifold fluid flow channel  136  extends inwardly from the second manifold end  1106  towards the first manifold end  110 A. However, in the example shown the manifold fluid channel  136  does not extend to the second manifold end  1106 , but rather to lateral input apertures  138 . In the example shown in  FIG. 7 , an air input aperture  138 B is positioned proximate the first manifold end  110 A. Air input aperture  138 A is similarly positioned on the opposite side of the air intake manifold  110  (see e.g.  FIG. 8 ). Air input apertures  138 A and  138 B can be fluidly connected with the manifold fluid flow channel  136  and define upstream ends of fluid flow channel  136 . 
     Ambient air  60  can enter the manifold fluid flow channel  136  via air input apertures  138 A and  138 B. The air input ports  140 A and  140 B defined on opposite sides of the device body  102  can be aligned with the air input apertures  138 A and  138 B of the air intake manifold  110 , respectively, when the vaporization device  100  is assembled. Accordingly, ambient air  60  from the external environment surrounding the vaporization device  100  may be drawn into the manifold fluid flow channel  136  through the air input ports  140 A and  140 B and the air input apertures  138 A and  138 B, respectively. 
     When removable cartridge assembly  200  is positioned in receptacle  116 , the manifold fluid flow channel  136  can be aligned with the first conduit section  258 . The manifold outlet  139  can fluidly engage the cartridge conduit inlet shown as end cap conduit end  240 A. Accordingly, the manifold fluid flow channel  136  may be in fluid communication with the cartridge fluid flow path  278  defined within the removable cartridge assembly  200 . A continuous flow can be defined between, the air input apertures  138  and the inhalation aperture  122  extending through the manifold fluid flow channel  136  and the cartridge fluid flow path  278 . 
       FIG. 8  show a sectional view of the removable cartridge assembly and the air intake manifold  110  taken along their lengths with the removable cartridge  200  installed and engaging the manifold  110 . As shown in  FIG. 8 , the fluid conduit  204  defines a linear fluid flow passage throughout the length of cartridge  200 . 
     The plurality of cartridge electrical contacts  272  of removable cartridge assembly  200  are shown electrically connected with the plurality of manifold electrical contacts  158  of air intake manifold  110 . Manifold fluid flow channel  136  is shown in fluid communication with first cartridge conduit section  258 . Optionally, a sealing element  172  can be provided at the second manifold end  110 A, e.g. as shown. Sealing element  172  may surround the cartridge conduit inlet  240 A when the removable cartridge assembly  200  is in the locked position. Sealing element  172  may prevent air and/or vapor from escaping the continuous fluid flow path between the second manifold end  1106  and the fluid conduit  240 . The sealing element  172  may be a compressible seal member that is defines a gasket seal between manifold  110  and cartridge  200  when the cartridge  200  is installed in receptacle  116 . 
     When a user inhales from the inhalation aperture  112 , ambient air  60  may be drawn from the external environment into the manifold fluid flow channel  232  via the at least one air input port  240  and the at least one air input aperture  238 . Ambient air  60  flows through the manifold fluid flow channel  232  before entering the cartridge fluid flow path  278  at the junction of the second manifold end  2106  and the cartridge conduit inlet  240 A. While being drawn by the user&#39;s inhalation through the cartridge fluid flow path  178 , the ambient air  60  may mix with the vapor  70  emitted within the heating chamber conduit section  226  prior to exiting the inhalation aperture  112 . 
     Preferably, user inhalation and the vaporization of the vaporizable material  50  can be synchronized. In some cases, the control assembly  108  may activate the heating element assembly  210  (or provide a signal to cartridge control circuit to activate the heating element assembly  210 ) in response to the fluid flow sensor  142  detecting ambient air passing through the air intake manifold  110 . Additionally or alternatively, the plurality of LEDs  130  may indicate that the heating element assembly  210  is heated to the predetermined vaporization temperature. This may indicate that the vaporization device  100  is ready for a user inhalation. In other cases, alternative status indicators may be used. For instance, a vibration notification may be used to notify the user to initiate inhalation, to stop inhalation and/or to increase a depth of inhalation. 
     It may be desirable for mixture of ambient air and emitted vapor flowing out of the heating chamber cavity  226  may enter the downstream conduit section  223  at a first temperature T 1  and exit through cartridge aperture  218  at a second temperature T 2  that is lower than the first temperature T 1 . That is, the mixture may cool as it flows within the housing downstream conduit section  223  toward the cartridge aperture  218 . This may provide the user with a more comfortable, and safer, temperature of vapor for inhalation. 
     By enclosing the downstream portion  223  of the fluid conduit  204  within the storage compartment  216 , cooling of the emitted vapor may be encouraged. The inner walls  222  of the storage compartment  216  may permit heat transfer between the inner volume of the storage compartment  216  and the fluid conduit  204 . As the vaporizable material stored in the storage compartment  216  is maintained at a temperature (typically near room temperature) lower than the vaporization temperature, the heat transfer may serve to cool the vapor before it reaches the inhalation aperture  112 . Similarly, the vapor may warm the vaporizable material to reduce viscosity and facilitate fluid flow from the storage compartment  216  to wicking element  208 . 
       FIG. 9  shows an enlarged view taken of a filling aperture  290  of cartridge assembly  200 . The enlarged view of  FIG. 9  corresponds to region  9  shown in  FIG. 8 . When cartridge assembly  200  is initially manufactured, a filling tube or aperture may be defined in the housing sidewall  214 . Filling tube  290  may fluidly connect the storage reservoir  216  to the external environment. In the example shown, the filling tube  290  is defined proximate the second cartridge end  202 B. Filling tube  290  may be used to fill the storage reservoir  216  with the vaporizable material  50 . For example, a predetermined amount of vaporizable material  50  may be added to the storage reservoir  216 . In this way, the filling tube  290  may provide for predetermined amounts of vaporizable material  50  to be filled into the storage reservoir  216 . 
     Once the predetermined amount of vaporizable material  50  has been added to the storage reservoir  216 , the filling tube  290  may be sealed, for e.g. by heat sealing. In some embodiments an elastomeric plug may be used to seal the filling tube  290 . 
     An internal dimension L FT  of the filling tube may be between 2 to 5 mm. The internal dimension L FT  may permit the filling of viscous liquid vaporizable material  50  into the storage reservoir  216  using a wider filling nozzle. It will be appreciated that the preferred internal dimension L FT  of the filling tube  280  may depend on the type and viscosity of the liquid vaporizable material  50  to be added to the storage reservoir  216 . 
       FIG. 10  shows a top cutaway view of the vaporization device  100  with the removable cartridge assembly  200  in the locked position. As shown, a portion of the outer housing  202  of the removable cartridge assembly  200  may be made from a non-transparent material  282  (e.g. opaque material). Accordingly, vaporizable material  50  within the storage reservoir  216  may not be visible through the non-transparent material  282 . Non-transparent material  282  may include a label  284  printed thereupon. Label  284  may be visible to a user of the vaporization device  100  and/or a user handling the removable cartridge assembly before inserting it into the vaporization device  100 . Label  284  may include a patient name  284 A, a vaporizable material type  284 B, and/or a unique identification number  284 C, e.g. as shown. 
     Outer housing  202  and/or the label  284  may also include a marking or markings (not shown) (e.g. with a characteristic UV, IR or other wavelength-specific ink) that can be detected by the vaporizer device  100 . For example, the marking(s) may include an infrared-scannable barcode located on the outer housing  202  and/or label  284 . In some embodiments, the marking(s) may be a pattern, such as a QR code, bar code, etc., that indicate information about the removable cartridge assembly  200  and/or the contents (e.g. vaporizable material  50 ) within the cartridge removable cartridge  200 . In some cases, the marking(s) may be a symbol and/or alphanumeric. 
     The marking(s) may be “read” or detected directly by the vaporizer device  100 , which may include a camera, scanner or other optical detector (not shown), or it may be indirectly detected via communication with a second device (e.g., a user&#39;s smartphone, tablet, etc.) having a camera or an optical detector. For example, the marking(s) on the outer housing  202  and/or label  284  may be detected by the user&#39;s smartphone using an application (e.g., software) on the user&#39;s smartphone usable to identify characteristics of the cartridge  200 . For instance, the application may be configured determine one or more cartridge properties from a look-up table (LUT), or it may directly communicate the marking to the vaporization device  100  that may look up the properties, and/or it may communicate with an external server (not shown) that may look up the properties and communicate them to the vaporizer device  100  directly or through the user&#39;s smartphone or Wi-Fi connection. In some embodiments to conserve battery power, the vaporizer device  100  may communicate using a wireless module (e.g. Bluetooth or Wi-Fi radio) when the device  100  is being recharged. In some embodiments, device firmware may be updated while the device  100  is being recharged. The device  100  (i.e. control circuit  120 ) may be configured to update only while recharging, to prevent unnecessary battery drain. 
     In some cases, the outer housing  202  may have a viewing region that includes a transparent window  286  defined in the housing sidewall  214 . Transparent window  286  may extend partially along the housing length L H , e.g. as shown. Storage reservoir  216  may be visible through the transparent window  286 . Thus, a user may be able to see the vaporizable material  50  contained in the storage reservoir  216  when the removable cartridge assembly is in the locked position. That is, the user may be able to assess the quantity and type of the vaporizable material  50  through the transparent window  286  when the removable cartridge assembly  200  is inserted within the cartridge receptacle  116 . Preferably, the transparent window  286  is made from a material that is BPA free and is of medical and food grade. 
     In some cases, the fluid conduit  204  may also be visible through the window  286 . For instance, a portion of the inner wall  222  may be transparent allowing a user to view fluid conduit  204 . This may allow a user to assess the state of conduit  204  and identify any clogging or blockage. 
       FIG. 11  shows an example diagram of cartridge identifier data that may be encoded within the memory module  254  of the removable cartridge assembly  200 . The cartridge identifier data shown in  FIG. 11  can also be provided on the cartridge assembly  200  and/or as feedback on a digital display of the vaporizer device  100 . In some cases, the cartridge identifier label may be indicated on an inner surface of storage compartment  216  visible through the window  286 . 
     The cartridge identifier data may include a unique identification number  288 , e.g. “ABCD123” as shown. The cartridge identifier data may also include a concentration  290 , such as 10% CBD and 17% THC, or other data related to concentration. The cartridge identifier data may also include a vaporizable material type  292 , such as such as  cannabis  or nicotine. The cartridge identifier data may also include a fill amount  294 , such as a quantity of vaporizable material  50  that was filled into the storage reservoir  216 , e.g. “500 mg” as shown. The cartridge identifier data may also include a remaining amount  296 , such as a quantity of vaporizable material  50  that remains in the storage reservoir  216 . 
     Other cartridge identifier data that may be stored in the memory module  254  may include configuration of the removable cartridge assembly  200  (e.g. electrical properties of heating element assembly  210 ), a lot number of the removable cartridge assembly  200 , a date of manufacture of the removable cartridge assembly  200 , an expiration date of the vaporizable material  50 , information of the apparatus used to fill the removable cartridge assembly  200 , viscosity properties of the vaporizable material  50 , etc. This cartridge identifier data may be directly encoded in the memory module  254  or a reference indicator (e.g. unique identification number  288 ) may be provided that the control circuit  120  may use as an index to look up some or all of this information, or a combination of the reference number and the directly encoded cartridge identifier data may be provided. 
     A filling apparatus (described in more detail herein below) used to fill the vaporizable material  50  into the removable cartridge assembly  200  may retrieve the cartridge identifier data stored in the memory module  254  and fill the storage reservoir  216  according to the retrieved cartridge identifier data. Alternatively, the filling apparatus may program or encode the cartridge identifier data into the memory module  254  after filling the storage reservoir  216  of removable cartridge assembly  200 . 
     In some cases, the filling apparatus may be used in conjunction with a calibration apparatus  1100  usable to enable operation of the heating element and probe the heating element temperature. The calibration apparatus  1100  may store calibration values in memory module  254 , such as a lookup table correlating temperature with the current applied to the heating element. 
     A predetermined amount of vaporizable material  50  may be filled into the storage reservoir  216  of removable cartridge assembly  200  (e.g. using filling tube  280 ). The predetermined amount of vaporizable material  50  may be added using either a “volume-based” or “weight-based” method. After filing the storage reservoir  216  of removable cartridge assembly  200  with the predetermined amount of vaporizable material  50 , the memory module  254  ( FIG. 5 ) may be encoded or programmed with cartridge identifier data. As discussed above, the memory module  254  may be in electrical communication with the plurality of cartridge electrical contracts  272 . As a result, when the removable cartridge assembly  200  is in the locked position, by virtue of the electrical coupling of the plurality of cartridge electrical contracts  272  with the plurality of manifold electrical contacts  158 , the memory module  254  may be in electrical communication with control circuit  120  of control circuit assembly  108 . 
     Control circuit  120  may be wirelessly coupled with the external server through at least one of the Bluetooth module  122 , the NFC module  124  and the Wi-Fi module  126 . Accordingly, operating parameters of the control circuit  120  may be adjusted based on the cartridge identifier data stored on the memory module  254  as well as the information/data received from the external server. 
     When the removable cartridge assembly  200  is in the locked position, the cartridge identifier data stored in the memory module  254  may be accessed and read by the control circuit  120 . The control circuit  120  may adjust the operation of the heating element assembly  210  based on the cartridge identifier data, e.g. adjust the temperature, increase/decrease the power supply from energy storage module  128 , etc. Control circuit  120  may also perform calculations based on the mass of air flow entering the vaporization device  100  (e.g. measured by the fluid flow sensor  142 ) and the cartridge identifier data to achieve a predetermined dose. The control circuit  110  may also perform calculations based on the mass of air flow entering the vaporization device  100  in conjunction with cartridge identifier data. 
     In some embodiment, memory module  254  may generally be implemented using any non-transitory memory, such as RAM, ROM, Flash, and an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM). The removable cartridge assembly  200  may be recognized and/or identified by communication between the memory module  254  within the removable cartridge assembly  200  and the control circuit  120  within the vaporizer device  100 . It may be advantageous to use one or more of the electrical connections on the cartridge (e.g., plurality of manifold electrical contacts  158 ) that are also used to energize and/or control the heater element assembly  210  to communicate with the memory module  254 . 
     Generally, communication between the removable cartridge assembly  200  and the vaporizer device  100  may be one way (e.g., reading information about the removable cartridge assembly  200  and/or the vaporizable material  50  contained in the removable cartridge assembly  200  stored in the memory module  254  by the vaporizer device  100 ) or it may be two-way (e.g., reading information about the removable cartridge assembly  200  and/or the vaporizable material  50  contained in the removable cartridge assembly  200  and writing information about the operation of the vaporization device  100  into the memory module  254 , e.g., number of uses, duration of use, temperature settings, etc.). That is, information may be written in the memory module  254  of removable cartridge assembly  200 , and this information may be used to derive other information about the removable cartridge assembly  200 , including the amount of material left in the cartridge, etc. The information written in the memory module  254  of removable cartridge assembly  200  may also include air flow data of the mass and/or volume of ambient air  60  passing through the air intake manifold  110  (e.g. collected by fluid flow sensor  142 ). 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 12-24 , shown therein is an example of a vaporization device  400 . Vaporization device  400  is another example of a vaporization device usable to vaporize vaporizable material. Vaporization device  400  may be used to vaporize vaporizable material that is provided in a semi-liquid and/or liquid form. In some cases, vaporization device  400  may allow vaporizable materials to be inserted and/or stored in a solid or semi-solid form and subsequently vaporized in a semi-liquid or liquid form. Elements in vaporization device  400  having similar structure and/or performing similar function as those in the example vaporizer device  100  of  FIGS. 1-11  are numbered similarly, with the reference numerals incremented by 300. 
     Vaporization device  400  will be described in combination with another example of a cartridge assembly  500 . Cartridge assembly  500  is another example of a cartridge assembly that may be used to store vaporizable material for use with vaporization device  400 . Elements in cartridge assembly  500  having similar structure and/or performing similar function as those in the example cartridge assembly  200  of  FIGS. 1-11  are numbered similarly, with the reference numerals incremented by 300. 
     The vaporizer device  400  has a top side  421 , a bottom side  423 , a front side  425 , a rear side  427  and a pair of opposed lateral sides. As shown, vaporization device  400  includes a device body  402  and a removable cartridge  500 . In  FIG. 1 , the removable cartridge assembly  500  is shown in a locked position with respect to the vaporization device  400 . Removable cartridge assembly  500  may contain vaporizable material therein for vaporization. 
     The device body  402  can include a base  404  and a cover  333 . The device base  404  may include a plurality of device sections. A first device section  407 , proximate the first end  402 A, can contain various components of the vaporization device such as a control assembly and/or energy storage members. A second device section  409 , proximate the second end  402 B can define a receptacle  416  for the cartridge assembly  500 . 
     The base  404  of vaporizer  400  can define a recess  406  similar to recess  106 . In vaporizer  400 , the recess  406  extends generally from the first end  402 A of body  402  to the second end  402 B of body  402 . In some cases, as with base  104 , the base  404  may be open at the first end  402 A. A control assembly  408  can be inserted into the first section  407  of base  404 . The control assembly  408  can include a first end closure member  418  that encloses the first end  402 A. The closure member  418  may also have an outer rim or lip that may help secure the cover  444  to base  404 , similar to closure member  118 . 
     The control assembly  408  may be secured within the base  404 , e.g. by frictional engagement with an inner surface  432  of base  404 . As with base  102 , the inner surface  432  of base  404  may be lined to provide a compressible material that allows the control assembly  408  to be inserted therein with a frictional fit. For instance, the control assembly  408  may be slid into the base  404  initially from the first end  402 A. The control assembly  408  may also be further secured to base  404  using fasteners such as screws, bolts, and/or adhesives for example. In some embodiments the control assembly  408  can be secured in place by the cover  444 . The cover  444  may be secured to control assembly  408  and/or base  404  using a specialized mechanical fastening. A specialized tool corresponding to the fastening may be used to couple and uncoupled the cover  444  from control assembly  408  and/or base  404 . 
     The base  402  may also have a tapered structure, similar to base  102 . The base  402  may have a larger cross-sectional area  452  proximate the first end  402 A than the cross-sectional area  454  proximate the second end  402 B. The first section of the vaporizer  400 , with a larger cross-sectional area, may provide recess  406  with an enlarged space within which to store components of the vaporizer such as the control assembly  408  and energy storage members  428 . The reduced cross-sectional area of vaporizer  400  proximate the second end  402 B, may allow device  400  to provide an inhalation aperture  412  with a size that is more approachable for a user to partially insert into their lips for inhalation. 
     The control assembly  408  can include a control circuit  420  and one or more energy storage members  428 . The control assembly  408  may also include various components generally similar to the first recess section of vaporization device  100 , such as the control circuit  420 , wireless communication modules  422 ,  424 ,  426 , energy storage members  428 , feedback indicators  430  and so forth. 
     As shown in  FIG. 14 , the air intake manifold  410  in vaporizer  400  can be provided with the control assembly  408 . The control assembly  408  can also include a plurality of electrical contacts  458  that are positioned at the second end  4106  of air intake manifold  410 . In the example shown, the device electrical contacts  458  extend beyond the second manifold end  458 B towards the second end  402 B of vaporizer  400 . As shown, the device electrical contacts  458  are positioned on a bottom surface of receptacle  416  facing upwards into receptacle  416 . 
     The contacts  458  can be positioned to engage corresponding electrical contacts on the cartridge assembly  500  when inserted into receptacle  416 . The electrical contacts  458  may allow for various signals to be transferred between the vaporizer control assembly  408  and the cartridge assembly  500 , such as power signals, sensor signals, control signals and the like. 
     The vaporizer device  400  can also include a cover  444  that can be used to enclose the first section of the vaporizer base  404 .  FIGS. 12 and 13  show the vaporization device  400  with the cover  444  connected to base  404 . 
     The cover  444  can protect the components of the control assembly  408  from concussive damage and exposure to dirt or debris. As with cover  144 , the cover  444  may be manufactured using a non-conductive material to facilitate wireless communication by the control assembly  408 . In some cases, the main body of cover  444  may be manufactured using metallic materials that may interfere with signal transmission. In such cases, the end closure member  418  of control assembly  408  may be formed using a non-conductive material, such as plastic, to facilitate signal transmission therethrough. 
     In some embodiments, the cover  444  may be manufactured using materials having a higher coefficient of friction from base  404 . This may provide a user with a different hand feel when grasping device  400 . In some cases, the cover  444  may be electrically insulated from the base  404  when secured to base  404 . This may facilitate conductive sensing by the control assembly  408 , as a user&#39;s hand grasping the vaporizer  400  may be detected via capacitive sensing (as the user&#39;s hand can couple the base  402  to the cover  444 ). The control assembly  408  may use these capacitive sensing signals (the base  402  being electrically insulated from the cover  444 ) to activate the control circuit  420  from a low-power mode to a more active mode in anticipation of user inhalation. 
     As with vaporizer  100 , the center of gravity  474  of vaporizer device  400  may be positioned closer to the first end  402 A than to the second end  402 B of the device  400  (see e.g.  FIG. 22 ). The heavier components of vaporizer  400 , such as the energy storage members  428 , can be positioned within the first device section  407 . By providing the majority of the weight of vaporizer device  400  nearer to the first end  402 A, the vaporizer device  400  will provide a user with a balanced weight when grasped near the first end  402 A. As the inhalation aperture  412  is positioned proximate the second end  402 B, a user may be inclined to grasp the vaporizer device  400  around the first section  407  so that the second end  402 B can be raised to contact the user&#39;s lips and mouth for inhalation. 
     The base  404  of the vaporizer body may be manufactured in a manner similar to base  102 . For instance, the base  404  may be formed as a unitary construction. The base  404  may be manufactured using metal, thermoplastic or ceramic materials such as zirconium oxide or other ceramics. When the base  404  is manufactured using metal, machining processes or metal injection molding processes may be used. 
     The vaporizer  400  can include a mouthpiece having an inhalation aperture  412  at the second end  402 B. The inhalation aperture  412  may be formed as a void section in the second end  402 B. Optionally, a removable mouthpiece cover may also be provided with aperture  412 . 
     The base  404  can also define a receptacle  416  configured to receive the cartridge assembly  500 . The receptacle  416  may be defined in the second portion  409  of the device base  402  proximate the second end  402 B. The receptacle  416  may be formed as a recess within the base  402  into which the cartridge assembly  500  can be inserted. 
     The inhalation aperture  412  can be fluidly connected to the cartridge receptacle  416 . When the cartridge assembly  500  is inserted into the receptacle  416 , the inhalation aperture  412  can be fluidly connected to a fluid conduit  504  that extends through cartridge assembly  500  from a cartridge conduit inlet  504 A to a cartridge conduit outlet  504 B. In some cases, a downstream end  518  of the fluid conduit  504  may extend outward through the mouthpiece to define a protruding inhalation aperture  412 . In other cases, the inhalation aperture  412  may be flush with the second end  402 B of the device body  402 , e.g. as shown. 
     As with vaporizer  100 , the vaporizer  400  can also include an air intake manifold  410 . The air intake manifold  410  can be configured to allow ambient air to be drawn into vaporizer device  400  and directed into a cartridge  500  positioned within the cartridge receptacle  416 . The air intake manifold  410  can be positioned within a third, central section  411  of the device body  402 . In vaporizer device  400 , unlike vaporizer  100 , the cover  444  extends over the air intake manifold  410  as well as the control assembly  408 . As shown, the cover  444  may include an ambient air aperture  440  that can be fluidly coupled to an ambient air inlet  438  of air intake manifold  410 . A screen or filter  441  may optionally be positioned at the ambient air inlet  438  to filter ambient air entering the air intake manifold  410  (see e.g.  FIG. 14 ). 
     Air intake manifold  410  can extend from a first manifold end  410 A to a second manifold end  410 B. The first manifold end  410 A can be positioned within the recess  406  adjacent to, or contacting, the second end  408 B of the control assembly  408 . As with air intake manifold  110 , the air intake manifold  410  may be mounted to support member  414  and/or positioned adjacent a front end of the support member  414 . The second manifold end  410 B can face into the cartridge receptacle  416 . A manifold outlet  439  can be positioned at the second manifold end  4106 . A manifold fluid flow path  436  may extend between the ambient air inlet  438  and the manifold outlet  439 . 
     The air intake manifold  410  may include a fluid flow sensor  442 . The fluid flow sensor  442  can be used to identify ambient air  360  being drawn into the vaporizer  400  via ambient air inlet  438 . In some cases, the fluid flow sensor  442  may be configured to identify the volume of air being drawn into the vaporizer  400 . The fluid flow sensor  442  can provide flow signals to control circuit  420 , to allow control circuit  420  to activate/deactivate the cartridge heating assembly  510  and/or adjust the temperature of the heating element  564 . 
     In the example shown, a mass airflow sensor  442  is used. Mass airflow sensor  442  has an upstream input port  442   a  and a downstream input port  442   b . The mass airflow sensor can include a pressure sensing element disposed between the upstream port  442   a  and downstream port  442   b . The pressure sensing element can determine the mass of air being drawn past the upstream port  442   a  and downstream port  442   b  by determining the difference in pressure between upstream port  442   a  and downstream port  442   b . In some cases a thermal hot wire anemometer, or solid state hot wire mass airflow sensor may be used for mass airflow sensor  442 . In other cases, individual barometric pressure sensors can be provided at each of the upstream port  442   a  and downstream port  442   b . A difference between the barometric pressure sensors (resulting from the pressure drop element within the fluid channel) can be used to determine the mass airflow. 
     The output signal from the mass airflow sensor  442  can be used by control circuit  420  to determine the volume of air being drawn into vaporization device  400 , e.g. using a lookup table with values providing a correlation between pressure difference and mass air flow. 
     In some cases, the correlation between the mass air flow sensed and the volume of air entering the air intake manifold  410  may vary based on the temperature of the ambient air. The air intake manifold  410  may include an air temperature sensor (embedded into mass airflow sensor  442  or separate). The air temperature sensor can be configured to measure a temperature of air propagating in a bypass configuration between the between the upstream port  442   a  and downstream port  442   b . The control circuit  420  may then use the measured temperature and air flow mass to determine the volume of air entering air intake manifold  410  (and in turn fluid conduit  504 ). 
     In some embodiments, the air intake manifold  410  can include an auditory sensor  443  disposed proximate the air inlet  438 . The auditory sensor  443  may be a microphone disposed facing the manifold fluid flow path  436  proximate ambient air inlet  438 . The auditory sensor  443  may be used to detect air flow into the ambient air inlet  438 . The auditory sensor  443  can output a volume signal to the control circuit  420  that can be used to determine whether ambient air  360  is being drawn into the air intake manifold  410 . In some cases, the auditory sensor  443  can be configured with a volume threshold. When the volume threshold is reached, the auditory sensor  443  may transmit an air flow detection signal. This signal may be used (as an alternative to, or in combination with signals from mass airflow sensor  442 ) to wake the control circuit  420  from a low power or sleep mode. In some cases, the auditory sensor  443  may be mounted within the air intake manifold by an insulating material, such as rubber, to reduce false triggers. 
     Additionally or alternatively, other airflow sensors, such as puff sensors may be used to detect airflow through the air intake manifold  410 . For example, signals from the puff sensor may be used to enable/disable operation of a portion of control circuit  420  and/or mass airflow sensor  442 . This may ensure that the control circuit  420  and/or mass airflow sensor  442  are not unnecessarily active and draining power from energy storage members  428  in the absence of airflow. 
     Using signals from the airflow sensor  442  and/or auditory sensor  443  to activate the control circuit  420  may allow the vaporization device  400  to conserve energy when the device  400  is not being used. In some cases the mass airflow sensor  442  may be configured to operate semi-continuously (e.g. at 0.5 Hz, 1 Hz, 2 Hz) in a low power mode to measure a pressure differential between upstream port  442   a  and downstream port  442   b . The lower power mode of mass airflow sensor  442  can be configured to trigger an activation signal to enable/disable operation of a portion of control circuit  420 . 
     Optionally, vaporizer  400  may include a cartridge detection circuit. For example, the electrical contacts  458  may include a pair of cartridge detection contacts that can be connected when the cartridge assembly  500  is inserted into the receptacle  416 . The vaporizer  400  may use the cartridge detection circuit as an initial enabling signal that allows the control circuit  420  to be activated. For instance, the cartridge detection circuit may be required to be completed prior to signals from the airflow sensors, described herein above, are able to activate the control circuit  420 . 
     The vaporizer device  400  and cartridge assembly  500  may also include one or more registration features. The registration features can be configured to ensure that cartridge assembly  500  is installed in receptacle  416  in the proper orientation. 
     For example, the base  404  may define an inwardly projecting lip or overhang  456  in receptacle  416  proximate the second end  402 B, e.g. as shown in  FIG. 13 . The lip  456  may extend from the second end  402 B towards the first end  402 A to cover a small portion of receptacle  416  adjacent to inhalation aperture  112 . 
     The cartridge assembly  500  may include a corresponding registration feature configured to engage the lip  456 . For instance, cartridge  500  can include registration projections  570 A and  570 B that can be inserted into the receptacle  416  under the lip  456 . The projections  570 A and  570 B may prevent cartridge  500  from being installed within receptacle  416  in an incorrect orientation. 
     To install cartridge  500  in the receptacle  416 , the second end  502 B of cartridge  500  may be initially inserted into the second end  402 B of device body  402  (i.e. with cartridge aperture  518  engaging inhalation aperture  412 ). The cartridge assembly  500  may then be lowered into receptacle  416  with the projections  570 A and  570 B engaging the inner surface  432  of base  402  under lip  456 . The electrical contacts  572  on the base of cartridge assembly  500  can also engage corresponding electrical contacts  458  extending from air intake manifold  410 . Accordingly, electrical contacts  572  may also define an additional registration feature that may prevent cartridge assembly  500  from being installed within receptacle  416  in an incorrect orientation. 
     A plurality of LEDs  430  can be provided on the control assembly  408 . The LEDs  430  may correspond to apertures  430 A formed in the base  402  of vaporizer  400 . The LEDs may be used to indicate various operational characteristics of vaporizer  400 . For example, the LEDs  430  may vary in color and/or intensity to indicate different states or functions of the vaporizer  400 . 
     In some embodiments, the air intake manifold  410  may be constructed from a pair of manifold housing shells. For example,  FIGS. 18 and 19  illustrate an example of how the air intake manifold  410  can be formed using two outer shell sections  417 A and  417 B. The air intake manifold may be manufactured using a dual injection molding process. Each shell section  417 A and  417 B may be manufacturing of thermoplastic materials and joined using a thermoplastic elastomer such as polycarbonate and TPU. 
     The outer shell sections  417 A and  417 B can be joined together around a central manifold member  419 . The central manifold member  419  may define a manifold air input aperture  438  that is externally exposed in vaporization device  400 . The airflow sensor  442  and/or auditory sensor  443  can be mounted to the central manifold member  419 . Together, the outer shell sections  417 A and  417 B may substantially enclose the central manifold member  419  defining the manifold air flow passage  438  therebetween. The air input aperture  438  on central manifold member may be positioned overlying, and sealed to, both shell sections  417 A and  4176  when assembled. 
     The cartridge receptacle  416  can be defined in the base  404  of vaporizer  400  extending between the second manifold end  410 B and the second end  402 B of the vaporizer body  402 . The cartridge receptacle  416  can be shaped to frictionally engage the cartridge assembly  500  when cartridge assembly  500  is lowered into receptacle  416 . As with receptacle  116 , the cartridge receptacle  416  may include a lined, or partially line, inner surface  432  that is formed of a compressible material such as rubber. The cartridge  500  may compress the inner surface of receptacle  416 , and the resilience of the inner lining may frictionally engage and secure the cartridge assembly  500  within receptacle  416 . 
     When cartridge  500  is positioned in receptacle  416 , the upstream end of cartridge  500  can be fluidly connected to the manifold outlet  439 . A vaporizer flow path may then be defined from the ambient air inlet  438 /air aperture  440  to inhalation aperture  412  through the cartridge  500 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 13 and 21 , the second end  410 B of the air intake manifold  410  may be arranged at an angle. That is, when air intake manifold  410  is positioned in vaporizer  400 , the second manifold end  410 B may have a second end surface  411  that is sloped at an angle to the horizontal plane of vaporizer  400 . The upstream end of cartridge  500  can be formed with a corresponding angled or sloped surface. Thus, when cartridge  500  is inserted into the receptacle  416 , the interface between cartridge  500  and the air intake manifold  410  can be angled/sloped. This may promote an enhanced seal between cartridge  500  and air intake manifold  410  to reduce or prevent air flow losses at the interface between the intake manifold  410  and cartridge  500 . 
     The cartridge  500  has a top side  501 , a bottom side  503 , a front side  505 , a rear side  507 , and opposed lateral sides. As with cartridge  200 , the cartridge  500  includes a fluid conduit  504 , a heating assembly having a wicking element  508  and a heating element assembly  510 , and an elongated storage compartment  516 . The storage compartment  516  can be configured to store vaporizable material in a liquid or semi-liquid form (e.g. having a wax-like consistency), similar to storage compartment  216 . Cartridge  500  may facilitate the insertion of vaporizable material into storage compartment  516  in a semi-liquid or even solid form. Nonetheless, during operation of vaporizer device  400 , the vaporizable material may flow from compartment  516  into the heating assembly in a liquid or semi-liquid form. 
     When cartridge  500  is positioned within the receptacle  516 , the upstream end  504 A of fluid conduit  504  can be fluidly connected to the manifold outlet  439 . The fluid conduit  504  can then define a cartridge flow passage that extends from manifold outlet  439  through the cartridge  500  (and also through receptacle  416 ) to the inhalation aperture  412  formed at the second end  402 B of vaporizer  400 . The cartridge flow passage, in combination with the manifold fluid flow path  436  can define an enclosed vaporizer fluid flow passage that extends from the ambient air aperture  440  to inhalation aperture  412 . 
     The cartridge  500  can enclose a fluid conduit  504  having a wider cross-sectional area to facilitate airflow. This may allow a user to inhale from vaporization device  400  more easily, without requiring multiple subsequent puffs. Instead, a user may inhale through inhalation aperture  412  more naturally, e.g. using some of the lung tidal volume to reduce the effort required to inhale the vapor emitted within vaporization device  400 . 
     Enabling a user to perform a deep inhalation (e.g. an inhalation that approaches a lung tidal volume such as 0.3 L, 0.4 L, or 0.5 L), rather than merely a puff (e.g. 0.1 L or less), increases the likelihood of the aerosolized vaporizable material in the emitted vapor penetrating more deeply into the user&#39;s lungs. This may allow for improved absorption by the user&#39;s alveoli. 
     For example, the fluid conduit  504  may have a cross-sectional area of about 4 mm 2  or greater. In some cases, the cross-sectional area of the fluid conduit  504  may be about 5 mm 2  (e.g. a width of about 5 mm and a height of about 1 mm). In some cases, the cross-sectional area of fluid conduit  504  may be about 6 mm 2  (e.g. a width of about 6 mm and a height of about 1 mm). 
     With cartridge  500  installed in receptacle  416 , the vaporizable material  350  in storage compartment can be vaporized by activating the heating element assembly  510 . The vaporizable material  350  can be drawn from storage compartment  516  and into wicking element  508  that is thermally connected to the heating element assembly  510 . Current from the energy storage members  428  within the recess  406  of vaporizer  400  can be directed through a resistive heating element  564 . The heat emitted by resistive heating element  564  can heat the vaporizable material in wicking element  508  to a predetermined vaporization temperature. When a user inhales from inhalation aperture  412 , the vapor emitted by heating the vaporizable material can be drawn into the fluid conduit  504  and entrained with the ambient air that has been drawn into the ambient air inlet  440 . This mixture of ambient air and vapor can be inhaled by a user through inhalation aperture  412 . 
     In some cases, the wicking element  508  may be formed integrally with the heating element assembly  510 . For example, the heating element assembly  510  may be manufactured from a porous material (e.g. porous ceramics) with pores sized to receive the vaporizable material. The pores may also allow the emitted vapor to pass therethrough when heating element  564  is energized. 
     When the cartridge  500  is removed from receptacle  416 , the receptacle  416  can be open or exposed to ambient air. Thus, when the cartridge  500  is absent, the vaporizer  400  may not have an enclosed fluid passage that extends to inhalation aperture  412 . In vaporizer  400 , only the manifold fluid flow path  436  is defined by the device body  402 . The majority of the fluid flow passage through vaporizer  400  is instead defined within the cartridge  500 . 
     As shown, for example in  FIG. 24 , the cartridge  500  may have a cartridge base unit  502  and a cover  525 . The base unit  502  includes an inner storage volume  516  configured to contain the vaporizable material. The cartridge cover  525  and base  502  can enclose the inner storage volume  516 . 
     The cartridge base  502  and cartridge cover  525  can be formed separately and then secured to one another. Once the storage volume  516  is filled with vaporizable material, the cover  525  can be secured to the base unit  502  to enclose the storage volume  516 . The base unit  502  and cover  525  can be configured to frictionally engage one another to provide the enclosed cartridge. 
     In some embodiments a wicking gap or space may be provided between the cover  525  and rear end of tongue  545  in a rear portion  516 A of the storage compartment  516 . For instance, spacer  561  may provide a wicking gap within the storage compartment  516  (see e.g.  FIGS. 42, 47 and 53 ). 
     In the storage compartment shown in  FIGS. 74-76 , the wicking gap may be positioned proximate the apertures  515   b . The wicking gap may hold a portion of the liquid vaporizable material proximate the apertures  515   b  due to the viscosity of the liquid vaporizable material. This may ensure that vaporizable material remains proximate apertures  515   b  regardless of the orientation of the vaporization device  500 . The size of the wicking gap may vary depending on the viscosity of the liquid vaporizable material. For example, the wicking gap may be in a range of about 0.2 mm-0.3 mm to facilitate maintain some liquid vaporizable material therein. 
     The inner surface of the cover  525  can define an upper wall (or upper inside surface) of the storage compartment  516 . The inner surface of cover  525  can be positioned facing the bottom of storage compartment  516 , and may be generally parallel with the bottom of storage compartment  516 . The space between the cover  525 , the bottom surface of storage compartment  516  and the sidewalls  514  of storage compartment  516  defined by base  502  define the inner storage volume for vaporizable material. 
     The cartridge  500  may include mechanical engagement members that are used to secure the cover  525  and base  502 . The mechanical engagement members may facilitate mounting the cover  525  to base  502  after the storage compartment  516  has been filled with vaporizable material. The mechanical engagement members may also allow the cover  525  to be removed, so that storage compartment  516  can be re-filled and cartridge  500  may be re-used. 
     The cover  525  can include a plurality of cover engagement members  555 . The base unit  502  can include a corresponding plurality of base engagement members  535 . The base engagement members  535  and cover engagement members  555  can be aligned around the perimeter of the cartridge  500 . When the cover  525  is lowered onto the base unit  502 , the engagement members  555  and  535  can engage one another in a frictional engagement, securing the cover  525  to the base  502 . 
     The cover engagement members  555  can be in the form of snap clips. The engagement members  555  may extend or project downward from the main body of the cover  525 . At the distal ends of the projection, the engagement members  555  can include an inwardly extending section  555 A. The inwardly extending sections  555 A may have a substantially flat upper inner surface. In some cases, the inwardly extending sections  555 A may even be angled slightly with an acute angle relative to the downwardly extending sections. 
     The base engagement members  535  can be defined as recesses in the lateral sides of the cartridge base  502 . The recesses can be shaped to accommodate the inwardly extending sections  555 A of the cover engagement members  555 . When the cover  535  is lowered onto base unit  502 , the inwardly extending sections  555 A can be received within the corresponding recesses in base unit  502 . An upper inner surface  535 A of the recesses can engage the upper surfaces of the inwardly extending sections  555 A and prevent the cover  525  from separating from base unit  502 . 
     The cover engagement members  555  may be resilient engagement members. When the cover  525  is lowered on to base  502 , the engagement members  555  may be pushed outwardly by the sides of base  502 . When the engagement members  555  meet engagement members  535 , the cover engagement members  555  can resiliently return to a substantially vertical alignment with the inwardly extending sections  555 A of engagement members  555  secured in the recesses of base engagement members  535 . 
     Additionally or alternatively, the cover  525  and base  502  may be secured to one another using other fastening means, such as ultrasonic welds and/or adhesives. The cover  525  and base  502  may include a plurality of fastening locations around the circumference/perimeter of cover  525 . In some cases, the fastening locations may be formed as a continuous weld or adhesive extending along the circumference of cover  525 . 
     The cartridge  500  can also include a seal member  598 . The seal member  598  can extend around the upper periphery of the storage compartment  516 . The seal member  598  can be secured between the cover  525  and base  502 . The storage compartment sidewalls  514  defined by base  502  may extend to upper edges defining an upper perimeter or upper peripheral edge of the storage compartment  516 . The seal member  598  may extend around the entire upper perimeter of storage compartment  516 . 
     The seal member  598  can define a fluid seal between the cover  525  and base  502 , enclosing the inner volume of storage compartment  516 . The seal member  598  can prevent leakage at the interface between the cover  525  and base  502 . The seal member  598  may provide a gasket seal between cover  525  and base  502 . 
     The seal member  598  can be formed of a compressible material. The seal member  598  may be provided initially on one of the cover  525  and base  502 . The seal member  598  may be secured temporarily or permanently to the one of base  502  and cover  525  (e.g. using an adhesive or formed integrally with the periphery of base  502  or cover  525 ). When the cover  525  is secured to base  502 , the seal  598  can be compressed to provide a gasket seal surrounding the upper perimeter of the storage compartment  516 . 
     Providing a cover  525  that can be secured to the base  502  using mechanical engagement members  535  and  555  (while sealing storage compartment  516 ) may facilitate filling the vaporizable material into storage compartment  516 . As is described in further detail below, vaporizable material may be deposited initially into the storage compartment  516  of base  502  prior to cover  525  being secured thereto. This may allow more viscous fluid or waxy vaporizable materials to be easily deposited into storage compartment  516 . For example, viscous  cannabis  extracts, such as shatter or crystals may be used within the elongated storage compartment  516 . In some cases, the vaporizable material may be deposited into storage compartment in a semi-solid or solid form. For instances, sections of vaporizable material may be cut or formed into the shape of storage compartment  516  and then deposited therein. Following deposition of the vaporizable material into the storage compartment  516 , the cover  525  can be secured to base  502  enclosing the vaporizable material within storage compartment  516 . 
     The cover  525  can extend along the entire length of the base unit  502  on the upper side of cartridge  500 . In some cases, the cover  525  may extend beyond the base unit  502 , e.g. beyond the first end  502 A of base  502  as shown in  FIG. 22 ). 
     The cover  525  may include a tail portion  527  that extends rearward of the first end  502 A of base  502 . The tail portion  527  may provide a grip or groove  529  for a user to insert the cartridge  500  into receptacle  416  or remove cartridge  500  therefrom, e.g. as shown in  FIG. 23 . When cartridge assembly  500  is installed in receptacle  416 , the tail portion  527  may extend at least partially over the air intake manifold  410 . A gap can be provided between the tail portion  527  and the cover  444  of the vaporizer  400 . The gap may allow a user to grasp the tail portion  527  and remove the cartridge assembly  500  from receptacle  416 . The gap may be sized to allow a user to insert a fingernail or tool and access the rear end of tail portion  527 . 
     In some embodiments, cover  525  can be impermeable to prevent any air or fluid flow therethrough. This may prevent any leakage from storage compartment  516 . 
     In other embodiments, the cover  525  may include one or more vent apertures. The vent apertures can be shaped to allow airflow communication between the storage compartment  516  and the external environment, while substantially reducing or preventing an amount of vaporizable material from exiting storage compartment  516 . This may facilitate pressure equalization for the storage compartment  516  to facilitate flow of the vaporizable material out of the storage compartment  516  and onto wicking element  508 . In some cases, the vent aperture is about 0.1 mm in diameter. In some cases, wicking elements or pads may be disposed proximate the vent apertures to further prevent any loss of vaporizable material. For instance, a porous material may be positioned proximate the vent aperture of (e.g. having a pore diameter of about 100 micrometers) to further prevent leakage of vaporizable material. 
     In some cases, the cover  525  may include a series of channels connecting the vent apertures to the storage compartment  516 . Additionally, a screen or filter may be provided between vent apertures and storage compartment  516 . In some cases, a gas permeable liquid impermeable membrane may be provided with the vent apertures to prevent leakage. This may facilitate ambient air flow while reducing or preventing the flow of vaporizable material out through the vent apertures. 
     The storage compartment  516  in cartridge  500  may be provided separately from the fluid conduit  504 . Unlike with cartridge  200 , the storage compartment  516  is not annular in shape and does not surround the fluid conduit  504 . Rather, the storage compartment  516  occupies a majority of the upper portion  584 A of the cartridge  500  while the fluid conduit  504  is positioned almost entirely in a lower portion  584 B of the cartridge  500 . The storage compartment  516  may also occupy some of the lower portion  584 B of the cartridge  500 . 
     For instance, the cartridge  500  may define a central axis  583  extending from a first end  502 A to a second end  502 B of the cartridge  500 . A horizontal plane along central axis  583  may bisects the cartridge assembly  500  into an upper portion  584 A and a lower portion  584 B. The fluid conduit  504  may be contained almost entirely within the lower portion  584 B, while the majority of the storage compartment  516  is positioned in the upper portion  584 A of cartridge  500 . As shown, the sections of the fluid conduit  504  that are aligned with, and downstream from, the heating assembly are entirely contained in the lower portion  584 B. 
     As shown, the storage compartment  516  overlies the fluid conduit  504  for the entire length of the storage compartment  516 . By providing the fluid conduit  504  in the lower section  584 B of the cartridge  500 , without any lateral portion of the storage compartment  516  occupying the lateral width of the cartridge  500  where the fluid conduit  504  is positioned, a wider fluid conduit  504  can be provided. As shown, the fluid conduit  504  may extend across substantially all of the internal width of the lower portion  584 B. This may provide an increased cross-sectional area throughout fluid conduit  504 , resulting in easier air flow and inhalations from vaporizer  400 . 
     In cartridge assembly  500 , the fluid conduit  504  extends from the first end  502 A of base  502  to the second end  502 B of base  502 . The fluid conduit  504  can extend generally in parallel with storage compartment  516 . The fluid conduit  504  extends from a first conduit end  504 A at cartridge inlet aperture  540  to a second end  504 B at cartridge outlet aperture  518 . The fluid conduit  504  can define a fluid flow passage through the cartridge assembly  500  that is linear throughout the majority of the length of cartridge assembly  500 . When installed in receptacle  416 , the cartridge inlet aperture  540  can engage manifold outlet  539  and cartridge outlet aperture  518  can engage inhalation aperture  412 . 
     In alternative embodiments, the fluid conduit can be formed between the base  402  and the cartridge inserted into receptacle  516 . The cartridge may define an enclosed fluid passageway there beneath when inserted in receptacle  5176 . 
     The base or bottom surface of the storage compartment  516  may contact the fluid flow path that extends through cartridge  500 . The base may be defined by a tongue  545  (see e.g.  FIG. 29 ) that extends the majority of the length of storage compartment  516 . The tongue  545  may define an upper wall of the section of fluid conduit  504  downstream from the heating assembly. 
     The tongue may facilitate heat transfer between the fluid conduit  504  and storage compartment  516 . For example, the tongue  545  may be manufactured of a thermally conductive material, such as a metal (e.g. steel, copper, or gold plated copper) or thermally conductive ceramic. 
     As shown in  FIG. 26 , the fluid conduit  504  may extend along the length of the storage compartment  516 . The fluid conduit  504  can be thermally coupled to the bottom of the storage compartment  516  by tongue  545 . This may encourage thermal transfer between fluid conduit  504  and storage compartment  516 , which may promote cooling of the vapor through fluid conduit  504  as well as heating of the liquid vaporizable material  350  in storage compartment  516 . This may provide a user with a more comfortable temperature of vapor for inhalation. This may also reduce the viscosity of the liquid vaporizable material  350  in storage compartment  516 , which may facilitate uptake into the heating assembly (e.g. into wicking element  508  or through apertures  515   b  formed in proximity of a resistive heating element  564   d  as shown in  FIGS. 74-76 ). 
     In certain examples, the vaporizable material  350  may have a viscosity between about 1 and 250,000 Centipoise. In other embodiments, the vaporizable material may exhibit a viscosity between about 50,000 and 250,000 Centipoise. As the tongue  545  is heated by heating element assembly  510  and vapor is flowing through conduit  504 , the tongue  545  can transfer this heat to the vaporizable material  350  and reduce the viscosity of the vaporizable material proximate a first end  516 A of the elongated storage compartment  516 . This can facilitate the flow of vaporizable material into wicking element  508  and/or through fluid apertures  515 . 
     The cartridge assembly  500  can include a heating chamber  506  disposed at the first end  516 A of the storage compartment. The heating chamber  506  can include a wicking element  508  and a heating element assembly  510 . 
     The wicking element  508  can be arranged in fluid contact with the interior of the storage compartment  516 . The wicking element  508  can draw vaporizable material from storage compartment  516  into the heating chamber  506 . As shown in the example of  FIGS. 26 and 41 , the wicking element  508  may extend into the inner volume of the storage compartment  516 . Alternatively, the wicking element  508  may be positioned at the end of the storage compartment  516 , or adjacent thereto, and coupled via apertures  515 . In some cases, the wicking element  508  may be integrated into the heating element assembly (see e.g.  FIGS. 74-76 ) 
     The heating element assembly  510  can include a resistive heating element  564 . The resistive heating element  564  can be activated to emit heat by directing current from energy storage members  428  therethrough. The heating element assembly  510  can be positioned in thermal contact with the wicking element  508 . The heat emitted by heating element  564  can heat the vaporizable material that was drawn into wicking element  508  to a predetermined vaporization temperature to generate phyto material vapor. 
     In an alternative embodiment, the heating element may be provided by an ultrasonic or vibrational heating element. A high-frequency vibrational heating element may be used in combination with a resistive heating element in some cases. The vibrational heating element may operate to heat, as well as atomize, the liquid vaporizable material simultaneously. 
     In some embodiments, the heating element assembly  510  may be thermally insulated from the cartridge body  502 . For instance, an air gap may be provided between heating element assembly  510  and body  502 . In some cases, a seal member may be positioned between heating element assembly  510  and body  502 . For example, a silicone rubber seal member or other elastomeric seal may be used (see e.g. seal member  597  shown in  FIG. 76 ). The seal member may prevent leakage of the vaporizable material into other portions of cartridge  500 , such as fluid conduit  504 , prior to vaporization. 
     The heating element assembly  510  may also be thermally insulated from the tongue  545  by wicking element  508 . The enclosure  563  (e.g. ceramic housing which may include an elastomeric seal) may also provide further separation between heating element  564  and tongue  545 . 
     In some cases, the heating element assembly  510  may also be thermally insulated from the tongue  545  using a thermoplastic elastomeric seal  597 . In the example shown in  FIGS. 74 and 76 , the seal  597  may be positioned about the heating element assembly  510  to enclose apertures  515   b  about their periphery by the thermoplastic elastomeric (e.g. TPU, silicone) seal. 
     Optionally, a temperature sensor  566  may be in thermal communication with the heating element  564 . The temperature sensor  566  can generate a temperature signal indicative of the temperature of heating element  564  and/or heating chamber  506 . The temperature sensor  566  can be electrically connected to the first plurality of electrical contacts  572  on cartridge assembly  500 . When cartridge assembly  500  is installed in receptacle  416 , the temperature signals from temperature sensor  566  can be provided to control circuit  520  via electrical contacts  572 . 
     The heating chamber  506  can be positioned generally at the first end  516 A of storage compartment  516  (proximate first end  502 A). The heating chamber  506  can include a heating element assembly  510  that is in thermal communication with a wicking element  508 . The heating element assembly  510  is also in fluid communication with a fluid conduit  504  extending through the cartridge  500 . 
     The heating chamber  506  can include a heating element fluid port  519  coupling the heating chamber  506  to fluid conduit  504 . Air entering the fluid port  519  can be heated by heating element  564 . The heating element  564  can also be fluidly coupled to the vaporizable material by fluid apertures  515 . Vaporizable material can be drawn through fluid apertures  515  (e.g. using wicking element  508 ) and then heated by heating element  564  to generate vapor. The vapor can mix with the air drawn in through fluid port  519  and then pass out the downstream heating element outlet along fluid conduit  504  to inhalation aperture  412 . 
     In some embodiments, the apertures  515  can be formed overlying the heating chamber  506 . A wicking element  508  may be provided extending through apertures  515 , or underlying the apertures  515 . The fluid may then flow into wicking element  508  which, in turn can be heated by heating element assembly  510 . 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIGS. 74-76 , fluid apertures  515   b  can be formed in tongue  545  surrounding the perimeter of a heating element assembly that includes a heating element  564   d  and wicking element  508   c . In the example shown, the heating element assembly and heating element  564   d  can be arranged in thermal contact with a portion of tongue  545 . The apertures  515   b  surrounding the heating element assembly may at least partially isolate the remainder of tongue  545  from the heat emitted by heating element  654   d.    
     The apertures  515   b  can also allow the vaporizable material from the storage compartment  516  to flow through to heating element  564   d  and/or a wicking element  508   c  (that may be provided using a porous ceramic in some instances). For example, the apertures  515   b  may be formed through tongue  545  using a laser drilling process. The diameter of the apertures  515   b  can be selected to permit flow of liquid vaporizable material therethrough. For instance apertures  515   b  may have aperture diameters in the range of about 0.06 mm to 0.08 mm. 
     As shown, the heating element  564   d  is formed as a film heating element on the underside of tongue  545 . The heating element  564   d  may be a thick film heater that is deposited onto a substrate (e.g. ceramic or stainless steel) through a thick-film screen printing process. Insulating materials, heating resistors, conductors and a protective glaze may also be provided in the deposition process. The apertures  515   b  can be formed around the perimeter of the deposited heating element  564   d  to provide thermal insulation as well as increasing the available flow passages for vaporizable material. As with the various heating element assemblies described herein above, a temperature sensor can also be provided in proximity to the heating element  564   d.    
     In general, the heating chamber  506  can include one or more fluid apertures  515  that allow vaporizable material from storage compartment  516  to pass through to be heated by the heating element assembly  510 . Wicking elements  508  can be provided either extending into storage compartment  516  through apertures  515  (see e.g.  FIG. 24 ) or outside the storage compartment in fluid communication with apertures  515  (e.g. a wicking sheet or pad). The wicking element  508  can be thermally coupled to (e.g. in contact with) heating element assembly  510  to allow the collected vaporizable material to be heated and then entrained into fluid conduit  504 . For example, the wicking element  508  may be secured to one or more outer surfaces of a heating element enclosure  563 . 
     In some embodiments, a resistive heating element  564   b  may be patterned and sintered into a substrate  573  (see e.g.  FIGS. 37-39 ). For example, the substrate  573  may be a ceramic or stainless steel substrate. The heating element  564   b  can be formed on substrate  573  using a thick film process. 
     Vapor apertures  575  can be formed within the substrate  573  to facilitate the flow of vapor from a wicking element, such as wicking element  508 ′ disposed on the surface of the substrate  573  to the fluid conduit  504 . The substrate may include a resistive film  566   b  usable to sense a temperature of the heating element  571 . 
     Optionally, one or more micro-heaters may be formed on a silicon substrate using a conducting MEMS process. Through the MEMS process, silicon under the bridge micro heater is etched away to release a thin resistive wafer having a serpentine resistive conductor. The heating element assembly thus formed may provide micro-heaters suspended as a bridge from a silicon substrate. Because the micro heater is etched out and has a low thermal mass, the heater may be rapidly heated (e.g. up to approximately 230 Celsius within less than a second) using low current levels. The micro-heaters may operate similar to a miniature hot plate when current is applied thereto from the control circuit  420 . 
     In some cases, the micro-heaters may also include a thermally coupled resistor. The thermally coupled resistor may be configured to operate as a temperature sensor providing for real-time thermal monitoring and control. 
       FIGS. 40-45  illustrate an example of cartridge assembly  500  with a first example heating assembly.  FIGS. 46-51  illustrate an example of a variant cartridge  500 ′ with a second example heating assembly.  FIGS. 52-57  illustrate an example of a variant cartridge  500 ″ with a third example heating assembly. In general, the body  502 , storage compartment  516  and cover  525  are the same for cartridges  500 ,  500 ′ and  500 ″. However, a slightly modified heating assembly is used in each cartridge. 
     Cartridge  500  includes a heating element  510  in which a resistive coil wire  564  is enclosed within an outer heating element enclosure  563 . The heating element enclosure  563  may be manufactured from a porous ceramic material and can enclose the resistive coil  564  therein. Heat can then be transferred to the vaporizable material in wick  508  through the outer surface of enclosure  563 . In some embodiments the heating element  510  may include a plurality of resistive wire coils. Each coils may be separately coupled to the control circuit and individually operable. Each coil may be individually triggered in response to control signals from the control circuit, e.g. based on mass airflow data from the vaporization device  400 . 
     Wicking element  508  extends into the storage compartment  516  through apertures  515 . The wicking element  508  may include first, or proximal ends that are secured to heating element  564 . The second, or distal ends of wicking element  508  can extend into the storage compartment  516 . This may facilitate capillary action of wicking element  508  in drawing the vaporizable material from compartment  516  to the proximity of heating element assembly  510 . 
     In cartridge assembly  500   b , the heating element assembly  510  can include the resistive wire  564  disposed on the surface of a heating element enclosure  563 . The enclosure  563  may be formed using a porous ceramic material and may provide a substantially flat contact surface for vaporization. The resistive wire  564  can be exposed on the contact surface of the heating element assembly  510 . 
     A substantially planar wicking element  508   b  can be positioned on the surface of the enclosure  563 . This may provide an extended contact surface area between wicking element  508   b  and the heating element assembly  510 . For instance, a cotton sheet or pad with a thickness of about 0.1-0.3 mm may be used for wicking element  508   b . The wicking element  508   b  may be positioned in the heating chamber  506 , external to the storage compartment  516 . 
     In cartridge assembly  500   c , the heating element assembly  510  can include the resistive wire  564  embedded within the heating element enclosure  563 . The enclosure  563  may be formed using a porous ceramic material and may provide a substantially flat contact surface for vaporization. A wicking element  508   b  can then be provided on the surface of enclosure  563 . 
     When the cover  525  is secured to base  502 , the storage compartment  516  may be entirely enclosed (by cover  525 , tongue  545  and sidewalls  514 ) with the exception of one or more fluid apertures  515  fluidly coupling storage compartment  516  to heating chamber  506 . The fluid apertures  515  can be formed in a first end of the tongue  545 . In the example shown, the fluid apertures  515  are shown as circular apertures. However, alternative shapes of fluid apertures, such as slots, square, and oval apertures may also be used. The typically size of the fluid apertures  515  may range between about 0.1 mm to about 2 mm in diameters. Examples of suitable aperture diameter can include range of approximately 0.1 mm to 1 mm in diameter, and about 1.1 mm to 1.5 mm. In some cases fluid apertures  515  having diameters between about 0.05 mm and 0.08 mm provided, e.g. using a laser drilling process. 
     The diameter of the fluid apertures  515  may vary based on the viscosity of the material stored in storage compartment  516 . In general, where the vaporizable material has a high viscosity, the size of fluid apertures  515  may be increased. 
     The cartridge  500  may be manufactured using a dual injection and insert molding process. Initially, tongue  545  can be inserted and held within an injection mold. A thermoplastic polymer, such as a polycarbonate, can then be injecting around tongue  545  to form body  502 . Subsequently, a soft thermoplastic elastomer may be injected about the upper periphery of  502  (e.g. the upper edges of sidewalls  514 ) to define the seal member  594 . In some cases, the elastomeric material may also be provided about the periphery of cartridge inlet  540  and cartridge outlet  518  to define seals for the ends of fluid conduit  504 . Providing compressible or elastomeric seal members about the periphery of inlet  540  and outlet  518  may facilitate the creation of an enclosed fluid flow path through the vaporizer  400  when cartridge  500  is installed therein. 
     The cartridge  500  may have a semi-elliptical cross-section (e.g. the cover  525  may define a semi-elliptical upper section of compartment  516 ). As with cartridge  200 , cartridge  500  (as well as storage compartment  516  to a lesser extent) can be tapered having a larger cross-sectional area proximate the first end  516 A of storage compartment  516  and a smaller cross-sectional area proximate the second end  516 B of the storage compartment  516 . 
     As with cartridge  200 , the cartridge  500  may have a viewing region that includes a transparent window defined in the base  502  and/or cover  525 . The transparent window may extend partially along the length of the storage compartment  516 . Storage reservoir  516  may be visible through the transparent window. 
     Preferably, the window can be formed in cover  525 . Thus, a user may be able to see the vaporizable material contained in the storage reservoir  516  when the removable cartridge assembly is installed in receptacle  416 . That is, the user may be able to assess the remaining quantity of vaporizable material when the removable cartridge assembly  500  is inserted within the cartridge receptacle  416 . 
     An opaque area may also be formed on a portion of the base  502  and/or cover  525 . The opaque area may be used to print or mark identifying data, such as a cartridge identifier and/or patient identifier associated with cartridge  500 . 
     The cartridge  500  may also include an onboard memory storage module  554  (e.g. RAM, flash, or EEPROM memory). The memory may be usable to store cartridge identifying data, such as a unique cartridge identifier. The memory may also be used to store data indicative of the vaporizable material in storage compartment  516 . When the cartridge  500  is filled, data regarding the vaporizable material deposited in storage compartment  516  can be stored in the memory. The memory module  554  can be coupled to cartridge control circuit  544  to allow vaporizer  400  to access the stored cartridge data. This may allow control circuit  420  to use the stored data to adjust configuration settings of the vaporizer, such as the predetermined vaporization temperature, based on the vaporizable material in the cartridge. This may also allow the control circuit  420  to provide a user with feedback regarding the cartridge assembly  500  and/or the material in storage compartment  516 . 
     Optionally, the vaporizer  100 / 400  or cartridge  200 / 500  may include an air quality sensor, such as a volatile organic compound sensor (e.g. a SGP30 or CCS811 sensor). The air quality sensor may be disposed proximate the inhalation aperture  112 / 412 . The air quality sensor may be coupled with the control circuit and operable to evaluate the mixture of air and vapor prior to it being inhaled from the mouthpiece. 
     The cover  525  and base  502  of the cartridge  500  need not be made of the same material, in particular where snap fit engagement members are used. For example, the base unit  502  that includes the heating assembly can be made from ceramic with an optionally integrated vapor tube. The cover  525 , in turn, may be manufactured using a polycarbonate that may be partially or completely transparent. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 59-63 , shown therein is another example of a vaporization device  700 . Vaporization device  700  is another example of a vaporization device usable to vaporize liquid vaporizable material, such as vaporizable material derived from various materials, such as nicotine, synthetic compositions and phyto materials such as  cannabis . Vaporization device  700  may be used to vaporize vaporizable material in liquid or semi-liquid (e.g. waxy) forms. Elements having similar structure and/or performing similar function as those in the example vaporization device  100  of  FIGS. 1-11  are numbered similarly, with the reference numerals incremented by 600. 
       FIG. 59  shows a side perspective view of the vaporization device  700 . Vaporization device  700  includes a device body  702  and a removable cartridge assembly  800 .  FIG. 1  shows the removable cartridge assembly  800  removed from the vaporization device  700 . Removable cartridge assembly  800  may contain vaporizable material therein for vaporization. 
     Device body  702  may have a first device end  702 A and a second device end  702 B opposite the first device end  702 A. A device base or sidewall extends between the first device end  702 A and the second device end  702 B. In the example shown, a sidewall of base  704  extends between the first device end  702 A and the second device end  702 B to define an interior device cavity or recess  706 . Interior device space  706  may contain a control assembly similar to control assembly  108  of  FIG. 2 . 
     In the example shown, the interior device cavity  706  is closed at both the first device end  702 A and the second device end  702 B by base  704 . An inhalation aperture  712  can be defined in the base  704 , for instance at the closed second device end  702 B as shown. Inhalation aperture  712  may permit fluid communication between an external environment that surrounds the vaporization device  700  and the interior device cavity  706 . 
     In some embodiments, the inhalation aperture  712  may be flush with the sidewall of base  704 . Alternatively, the inhalation aperture  712  may be defined within a mouthpiece  776  that extends outwardly from the sidewall of base  704 , e.g. as shown. In the example shown, the inhalation aperture  712  is mounted to a mouthpiece  776 . Mouthpiece  776  is removably mounted to the device body  702  at the second device end  702 B. Mouthpiece  776  may be removable to allow the mouthpiece  776  to be cleaned and/or replaced. 
     A cartridge receptacle  716  may be defined by the device base  704 . Preferably, the cartridge receptacle  716  is defined closer to the second device end  702 B than the first device end  702 A, e.g. as shown. In this position, a control assembly (e.g. control circuitry, energy storage members, output indicators, communication modules etc.) can be positioned within the interior device space  706  between the first device end  702 A and the cartridge receptacle  716 . 
     Cartridge receptacle  716  may be defined by an outer edge  778  and an internal surface  732  extending from the outer edge  778  within the interior device cavity  706 , e.g. as shown. In some embodiments, the internal surface  732  may be lined with a rubber material. In the example shown, the outer edge  778  is an elliptical outer edge. However, it will be appreciated that the outer edge  778  be any number of possible configurations, such as square, rectangular, triangular, etc. 
     Removable cartridge assembly  800  may include an outer cartridge housing  802 . Cartridge housing  802  may have a first housing end  802 A and a second housing end  802 B opposite the first housing end  802 A. A housing sidewall  814  can extend between the first housing end  802 A and the second housing end  802 B. Housing sidewall  814  can define and enclose a storage compartment or reservoir  816 . 
     In the example shown, storage reservoir  816  is closed at both the first housing end  802 A and the second housing end  802 B by the housing sidewall  814 . That is, the housing sidewall  814  may fully enclose the storage reservoir  816 . Storage reservoir  816  may hold a vaporizable material  650  (e.g.  FIG. 62 ) for vaporization. Preferably, the vaporizable material  650  is a liquid vaporizable material similar to the liquid vaporizable material  50  of  FIG. 8 . 
     Housing sidewall  814  may be configured to correspond to the outer edge  778  of the cartridge receptacle  716 . The removable cartridge assembly  800  can be sized to fit snuggly into the cartridge receptacle  716 . In some cases, the cartridge receptacle  716  may have a resilient inner lining to allow the cartridge assembly  800  to be positioned in receptacle  716  and then held therein by frictional engagement with the sides of receptacle  716 . 
       FIGS. 60 and 61  illustrate an example of how removable cartridge assembly  800  may be loaded into vaporization device  700 .  FIG. 60  shows the removable cartridge assembly  600  in an unloaded position with respect to the vaporization device  700 , while  FIG. 61  shows the removable cartridge assembly  600  in a loaded position. 
     In  FIG. 60 , the removable cartridge assembly  800  is shown oriented to fit within the outer edge  778  of the cartridge receptacle  716 . A user may then insert the removable cartridge assembly  800  into the cartridge receptacle  716 , e.g. by sliding the cartridge assembly  800  downward into receptacle  716 . 
     Frictional engagement between the housing sidewall  814  of removable cartridge assembly  800  and the internal surface  732  of the cartridge receptacle  716  may retain the removable cartridge assembly  800  in the loaded position. In some embodiments, the internal surface  732  may be lined with a rubber material to increase the frictional engagement between the housing sidewall  814  and the rubber lined internal surface  732  of the cartridge receptacle  716 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 61 , when in the loaded position, a portion of the removable cartridge assembly may protrude out of the cartridge receptacle  716 . To remove the removable cartridge assembly  800  from the cartridge receptacle  716 , a user may apply force in a direction  779 , away from the vaporization device  700 , to the protruding portion of removable cartridge  800  strong enough to overcome the frictional engagement between the between the housing sidewall  814  and the internal surface  732 . 
       FIG. 62  is a cutaway view of the vaporization device  700  showing the insertion of the removable cartridge assembly  800  into the cartridge receptacle  716 . Cartridge receptacle  716  may include a heating element assembly  780  positioned therein. Heating element assembly  780  may have a first element end  780 A and a second element end  780 B opposite the first element end. First element end  780 A may connect to the internal surface  732  of the cartridge receptacle  716 . Second element end  780 B may define a cartridge engagement member  782 . 
     Heating element assembly  780  may extend from the internal surface  732  into the cartridge receptacle  716 . The heating element assembly  780  may include a projecting engagement member  782  that is configured to pierce the cartridge  800  when the cartridge is positioned in receptacle  716 . The projection  782  may include a sharpened or pointed end facing outward from the base of receptacle  716 . 
     A heating element assembly outer wall  784  extends from the first element end  780 A to the projection  782  at the second element end  780 B. Heating element assembly outer wall  784  may define a heating chamber  786 . A heating element  788  may be positioned within the heating chamber  786 . 
     Heating element  788  may have an outer surface or layer manufactured from a porous ceramic material. Heating element  788  may include a resistive heating wire  790  disposed within the outer enclosure. Resistive heating wire  790  may be a resisting heating wire coil, e.g. as shown, that extends along the length of the heating element  788 . As explained above, the heating element may also include a high frequency atomizer (e.g. an ultrasonic atomizer). The high-frequency atomizer may be used to heat as well as agitate the vaporizable material to generate vapor. 
     In some embodiments, the heating element  788  may be integrated with projecting engagement member  782 . For example, a resistive heating element may be formed on, or enclosed within, the projecting engagement member  782 . 
     For example, projection  782  may be manufactured from stainless steel. A thick film tubular heating element may be formed on projection  782  using a thick-film screen printing process as discussed above. 
     Heating element assembly  780  may also include a wicking element  792 . In the example shown, the wick  792  at least partially surrounds the heating element  788 . When energized, the heat emitted by the resistive heating wire  790  flows outwardly into the wick  792  surrounding the heating element  788 . In embodiments where the heating element  788  is made from the porous ceramic material, heat emitted from the resistive heating wire  790  can flow outwardly through pores defined in the porous ceramic material to heat the wick  792 . 
     As the user inserts the removable cartridge assembly  800  into the cartridge receptacle  716 , the projection  782  of the heating element assembly  780  may penetrate the housing sidewall  814  at the second housing end  802 B, e.g. as shown. The heating element assembly  780  may then extend at least partially into the storage reservoir  816 . 
     In some embodiments, the cartridge housing sidewall  814  can be manufactured from a penetrable material. That is, the housing sidewall may be manufactured from a material that is easily punctured by the tip of projection  782 . Alternatively, only a portion of the housing sidewall  814  is made of penetrable material. This may help maintain the structural integrity of the removable cartridge assembly  800  and avoid inadvertently puncturing the cartridge  800  prior to installation. 
     The penetrable portion of the housing sidewall  814  may include an identifier or marking. For instance, the penetrable portion may include a bullseye marking or have a different surface color from the rest of the housing sidewall  814 . The marked portion may provide an indication to a user of the orientation in which to insert the removable cartridge assembly  800  in receptacle  716 . 
       FIG. 63  is an enlarged view taken of portion  63  in  FIG. 62 . Heating element assembly outer wall  784  may have at least one vaporizable material receiving aperture  794  defined therethrough. When the removable cartridge is in the loaded position, the at least one vaporizable material receiving aperture  794  may permit the heating chamber  786  to be in fluid communication with the storage reservoir  816  of removable cartridge assembly  800 . Accordingly, in the loaded position, the vaporizable material  650  contained in the storage reservoir  816  may enter the heating chamber  786  via the at least one vaporizable material receiving aperture  794 . In the example shown, the vaporizable material receiving aperture  794  is positioned near the puncturing tip  782 , proximate the second element end  780 B. 
     Wick  792  may be in fluid communication with the vaporizable material  650  as it enters the heating chamber  786  via the at least one vaporizable material receiving aperture  794 . When energized, the heating element  788  may heat wick  792  positioned around it. As wick  792  is in fluid communication with the vaporizable material  650 , the heated wick  792  can heat the vaporizable material entering the heating chamber  786  via the at least one vaporizable material receiving aperture  794 . Vaporizable material  650  may be vaporized when heated to a vaporization temperature. An emitted vapor  670  can then be inhaled by a user for therapeutic purposes. 
     Referring again to  FIG. 62 , the device body  702  may include an air input port  740  defined therein along its length. A fluid flow path  796  may extend within the interior device cavity  706  between the air input port  740  and the inhalation aperture  712 , e.g. as shown. Accordingly, ambient air  660  from an external environment surrounding the vaporization device  700  may be drawn into the fluid flow path  796  through the air input port  740 . 
     As shown, heating element assembly  780  is open at the first element end  780 A. Heating element assembly  780  may be connected to the internal surface  732  such that the heating chamber  786  is in fluid communication with the fluid flow path  786  via the open first element end  780 A. 
     When a user inhales from the inhalation aperture  712 , ambient air  860  may be drawn from the external environment into the fluid flow path  796  via the air input port  740 . While being drawn by the user&#39;s inhalation through the fluid flow path  796 , the ambient air  660  may mix with the emitted vapor  670  within the heating chamber  786  prior to exiting the inhalation aperture  612 . 
     The mixture of ambient air and vapor flowing out of the heating chamber  786  may enter the fluid flow channel  796  at a first temperature T 1  and exit through inhalation aperture  712  at a second temperature T 2  that is lower than the first temperature T 1 . That is, the mixture may cool as it flows within the fluid flow path  796  between the heating chamber  786  and the inhalation aperture  712 . This may provide the user with a more comfortable, and safer, temperature of vapor for inhalation. 
     Optionally, a seal (not shown) may be provided around the outer edge  778  of the cartridge receptacle  716 . For example, the seal may be a rubberized or other elastomeric seal. In the inserted position, the seal may provide additional fiction between the outer edge  778  and the housing sidewall  814 . The seal may also prevent the escape of vaporizable material  650  and/or emitted vapor  670  from the cartridge receptacle  716 . 
     In some embodiments, the heating element assembly  780  may be removably connected to the internal surface  732  of the cartridge receptacle  716 . Accordingly, the heating element assembly  780  can be removed from the vaporization device  700  for cleaning and/or maintenance. Alternatively, the heating element assembly  780  may be replaced with a replacement heating element assembly, that may be the same or different. 
     In the example shown, vaporization device  700  includes the heating element assembly  780 . Accordingly, the removable cartridge assembly  800 , e.g. as shown, may not include a heating element assembly. In comparison to removable cartridges  200  and  500 , removable cartridge  800  may provide for a simpler and less expensive construction with fewer parts. 
     In some embodiments, the vaporization device  700  may include a fluid quality sensor  798 . Fluid quality sensor  798  may be contained within the interior device cavity  706 . Preferably, the fluid quality sensor  798  is in fluid communication with the fluid flow path  796  downstream of the heating element assembly  780 , e.g. as shown. Accordingly, the mixture of ambient air and emitted vapor may pass through the fluid quality sensor  798  as it drawn down the fluid flow path  796  toward the inhalation aperture  712 . Fluid quality sensor  798  may be electrically coupled to the control assembly. Fluid quality sensor  798  may be used to measure an amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the mixture to determine the quality or density of the vapor being inhaled. 
     In some embodiments, the vaporization device  700  may also include a fluid flow sensor  799 . Fluid flow sensor  799  may operate in a similar manner as the fluid flow sensor  142  of vaporization device  100 . Fluid flow sensor  799  may be contained within the interior device cavity  706 . Preferably, the fluid flow sensor  799  is in fluid communication with the fluid flow path  796  upstream of the heating element assembly  780 , e.g. as shown. Accordingly, the fluid flow sensor  799  may measure the mass or volume of ambient air  660  drawn into the fluid flow path  796 . Fluid flow sensor  799  may be electrically coupled to the control assembly. Fluid flow sensor  799  may also be used to assist in dose control, as discussed herein. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 71-72 , shown therein is another example of a vaporization device  1400 . Vaporization device  1400  provides a schematic illustration of vaporization activation security features that may be used to prevent unwanted or unauthorized use of the vaporizer. For instance, the security features may be used to prevent children from activating the vaporization device  1440 . The features described in reference to vaporization device  1400  may be incorporated into the various other embodiments of vaporization devices ( 100 ,  400 ,  700 ) described herein. 
     The vaporization device  1400  may be generally similar to the vaporization device  400  shown in  FIG. 12-58 , except that the vaporization device  1400  includes an activation interface on the outer surface of the device body. The activation interface may be usable to control a device activation lock of the vaporization device  1400 . Elements having similar structure and/or performing similar function as those in the example vaporization device  400  in  FIGS. 12-58  are numbered similarly, with the reference numerals incremented by 1000. 
     The vaporization device  1400  may include an activation lock that can be configured to control whether vaporization device is enabled to vaporize vaporizable material inserted therein. The activation lock may be adjustable between an activated state and a deactivated state. In the activated state, the activation lock enables the vaporization device heating assembly to be energized to heat vaporizable material. In the deactivated state, the activation lock prevents the heating assembly from being heated to a vaporization temperature. The activation lock may be provided in various forms, such as an electronic lock managed by the control circuit, or a switch (mechanical or otherwise) usable to connect/disconnect the heating assembly and an energy storage member. 
     In the example shown, the activation interface includes a keypad  1445  positioned on the device cover  1444 . Keypad  1445  may be used to prevent unauthorized use of the vaporization device  1400 . 
     Keypad  1445  may be usable to enable activation of the vaporization device  1400  by controlling the activation lock. For example, prior to using the vaporization device  1400 , a user may be required to unlock the activation lock using the keypad  1445 . Similarly, after use, the user may use the keypad  1445  to lock the device  1400  (i.e. adjust activation lock to the deactivated state), thereby preventing unauthorized use. 
     In some cases, vaporization device  1400  may be automatically secured after a specific time has elapsed since last use or since being unlocked. Locking the vaporization device  1400 , in general, may mean that the vaporization device  1400  is unable to vaporize the vaporizable material contained therein. For example, locking the vaporization device  1400  may be accomplished by preventing the energization of the heating element assembly. In contrast, when the vaporization device  1400  is unlocked, the heating element assembly may be energized to vaporize the vaporizable material. 
     Keypad  1445  may include at least one user input  1447 . The user input  1447  may be provided in various forms, such as a button on the cover  1444  or as an input to a touch screen in device cover  1444 . 
     For example, the user input  1447  may be operable using a capacitive sensing circuit. Device cover  1444  may be manufactured from a non-metallic material while the device body  1402  is made from a metallic material. A sensing circuit may be positioned beneath the at least one button  1447  within the device body  1402 . The circuit may be able to detect a touch applied by the user the at least one button  1447 . The circuit may be electrically coupled to a processor (e.g. control circuits  120 ,  420 ) positioned within the device body  1402 . The processor may be configured to receive and process signals received from the circuit. The processor may be configured to control operation of the activation lock. 
     The at least one button  1447  and the circuit may be a capacitive touchscreen and a capacitive circuit, respectively. Alternatively, the at least one button  1447  and the circuit may be a resistive touchscreen and a resistive circuit, respectively. In the example shown, the keypad  1445  includes five capacitive touch segments  1447 A to  1447 E positioned in sequence along the length of the device cover  1444 . Accordingly, a capacitive circuit (not shown) may be positioned beneath the capacitive buttons  1447 A to  1447 E within the device body  1402 . The capacitive buttons may be labelled, as for example “A”, 
     In some cases, vaporization device  1400  may be manufactured with a preset code stored in the memory module that is uniquely associated to that vaporization device. The user may enter the preset code, for example “ABDE” using the keypad  1445  to lock or unlock their vaporization device  1400 . When the user is entering the preset code, the capacitive circuit may detect each of the user&#39;s touches on capacitive touchscreens  1447 A to  1447 E. The capacitive circuit may send a signal to the processor after each touch. The processor may determine the entered code, based on the received signal and compare this entered code to the preset code in the memory module. If the codes match, the vaporization device may be unlocked. If the codes do not match, the vaporization device may not be unlocked. In some cases, after a predetermined number of incorrect codes have been entered, the vaporization device  1400  may be locked for a preset period of time. For example, after five successive incorrect attempts to enter the code, the vaporization device may be locked for a lockout period (e.g. 30 minutes) and unable to be unlocked for that time period. 
     A user may, in some embodiments, use their device (e.g. smartphone or tablet) to connect to the vaporization device to allow the device to be unlocked in a time less than the lockout period. In some embodiments a notification may be provided to the user&#39;s device that the device has had attempted unlocking operations without success. 
     In some cases, the code may be used to personalize the device to a unique user. In other cases, a single device may be used by multiple users and each user may have a corresponding user-specific code. Each user may also have a user profile associated with the device that may be stored and monitored using an application on their device (e.g. a smartphone or tablet app) or on a remote server. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one button  1447  may be a single capacitive touchscreen capable of detecting a directional swipe or pattern entered by the user. For example, the user may enter a two-dimensional pattern on the capacitive touchscreen. The capacitive circuit may detect the user&#39;s touch and send a signal to the processor. The processor may determine the entered pattern, based on the received signal and compare this entered pattern to a preset pattern in the memory module. If the patterns match, the vaporization device may be unlocked. If the patterns do not match, the vaporization device may not be unlocked. 
     In some embodiments, the user may apply a plurality of touches, each touch having a touch duration, to the capacitive touchscreen  1447  (e.g. similar to Morse code). The capacitive circuit may detect each touch and the touch direction of each touch and send a signal to the processor. The processor may determine an entered code, based on the received signal and compare this entered code to a preset code in the memory module. If the codes match, the vaporization device may be unlocked. If the codes do not match, the vaporization device may not be unlocked. 
     The vaporization device  1400  may allow a user to define create a new activation code or pattern. The new activation may replace any previous code or pattern in the memory module. In some cases, the user may create a new code or pattern with a user device (e.g. a smartphone or tablet) that is wirelessly coupled to the memory module. In some cases, the user may operate a corresponding application on the smartphone or tablet to control activation/deactivation of the activation lock. 
     In some embodiments, instead of keypad  1445  positioned on the device cover  1444 , the vaporization device  1400  may have a dial or combination lock for locking and unlocking the device. The dial or combination lock may be positioned on the device cover  1444 . Alternatively, it may be positioned on the device body  1402 . In some embodiment, a membrane switch may be positioned on the device cover  1444 . The membrane switch may be used to lock and/or unlock the vaporization device, in a similar manner as the keypad  1445 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 73 , shown therein is another example of a vaporization device  2400 . The vaporization device  2400  is similar to the vaporization device  400  shown in  FIG. 12-58 , except that the vaporization device  2400  includes a pressure sensor  2449  positioned beneath device cover  2444  within the device body  2402 . Elements having similar structure and/or performing similar function as those in the example vaporization device  400  in  FIGS. 12-58  are numbered similarly, with the reference numerals incremented by 2000. 
       FIG. 73  shows a side plan view of the vaporization device  2400 . Pressure sensor  2449  may detect a force  2451  applied by a user to the vaporization device  2400  through the device cover  2444 . When the force  2451  applied by the user is a force greater than a preset force, the vaporization device  2400  may be unlocked. Similarly, if the force  2451  is less than or equal to the preset force, the vaporization device  2400  may not be unlocked. The preset force may be defined at a force threshold that is difficult for a child to achieve, thereby preventing them from unlocking the vaporizer device  2400 . 
     Pressure sensor  2449  may be electrically coupled to a processor (e.g. control circuits  120 ,  420 ) positioned within the device body  2402 . The processor may be configured to receive and process signals received from the pressure sensor  2449 . 
     Vaporization device  2400  may be shipped with the preset force defined in the memory module. The vaporization device  2400  may give the user an option to create a new preset force. The new preset force may replace the previous preset force in the memory module. In some cases, the user may create a new preset force with the user device (e.g. the user&#39;s smartphone) that is wirelessly coupled to the memory module. In some cases, however, the preset force may be fixed for the vaporization device  2400  (e.g. unable to be lowered). This may ensure that the vaporization device  2400  cannot be activated by a child. 
     Alternatively, a user device may be used to lock and/or unlock a vaporization device associated to that user device. For example, the user device may be a smartphone, tablet, notebook computer, desktop computer, etc. The user device may be associated to a vaporization device through a registration process. The user device may be wirelessly coupled to a control circuit or processor of the vaporization device via a wireless communication module positioned within the device body  2402 . 
     In some cases, a user device proximity threshold may be used to lock and/or unlock an associated vaporization device. That is, when the user device is within a proximity threshold, the vaporization device may be unlocked. In contrast, when the user device is outside the proximity threshold, the vaporization device may be locked. 
     For example, the vaporization device may employ a relative received signal indicator (RSSI) electrically coupled to a processor. The RRSI may be used to measure the power present in a received signal from the user device. The processor may convert the measured power into a measured proximity. If the measured proximity is greater than the proximity threshold, the vaporization device may be unlocked. In contrast, if the measured proximity is less than or equal to the proximity threshold, the vaporization device may be locked. For example, the proximity threshold may be set at 2 meters. In some cases, the proximity threshold may be adjusted by the user with their user device. 
     In some embodiments, a fingerprint scanner may be used to lock and/or unlock the vaporization device. The fingerprint scanner may be positioned on the device cover or elsewhere on the vaporization device. The fingerprint scanner may be electrically coupled to a process within the vaporization device. The fingerprint scanner may also be wirelessly coupled to the memory module. Memory module may store a plurality of fingerprint records, each fingerprint record being associated with a vaporization device. To lock or unlock a vaporization device, a user may scan their finger using the fingerprint scanner on the vaporization device. The processor may compare the scanned fingerprint to the fingerprint records stored in the memory module. If the scanned fingerprint matches the fingerprint associated with that vaporization device, the vaporization device may be lock or unlocked. In some cases, a user may unlock the vaporization device by inputting a fingerprint to their smartphone or tablet while interacting with an application configured to control the vaporization device. In some other cases the user may be required to inhale a predetermined pattern of inhalations to unlock the device. For example three quick puffs or a single puff and then a longer inhalation and then a puff. 
     In some embodiments, a preset air flow velocity is required to energize the heating element assembly. The air flow velocity of each inhalation may be detected by an air flow sensor positioned within the vaporization device (e.g. fluid flow sensors  142 ,  442 ). If the measured air flow is greater than the preset air flow velocity, the heating element assembly may be energized. If the air measured airflow velocity is less than or equal to the preset airflow velocity, the heating element may not be energized. The preset airflow velocity may be set such that is difficult for a child to achieve, thereby preventing them from energizing the heating element assembly. 
     Embodiments described herein may also facilitate filling cartridges with liquid vaporizable materials. In many existing processes, cartridges may be filled through extremely small apertures in the cartridge surface, which may require long filing times or pressurized filling systems. This process can be inefficient and reduce the number of cartridges that can be produced by a manufacturer. Embodiments described herein may facilitate rapidly filling one or more cartridges. 
       FIG. 64  shows a side perspective view of an example apparatus  1000  that may be used to fill cartridges, such as the cartridge assemblies  200 ,  500  and  800  described herein. As shown, cartridge filling apparatus  1000  can include a cartridge base or tray assembly  1002 , an arm assembly  1004 , a phyto material reservoir  1006 , and a data server  1008 . 
     The tray assembly  1002  can include a plurality of trays within which cartridges can be positioned. The cartridge trays can be configured into an array usable to hold a plurality of cartridges. 
     Arm assembly  1004  may be referred to as a robotic arm assembly. The arm assembly  1004  may be configured to automatically fill cartridges positioned within the trays in cartridge base  1002 . 
     The arm assembly  1004  can include a support base  1010  and a multi-axis robotic arm  1012  movably connected to the support base  1010 . The arm  1012  may include one or more operative attachments usable to engage cartridges to be filled. For example, a fluid dispenser  1014  may be removably connected to the multi-axis robotic arm  1012 . 
     Support base  1010  may be positioned on a support surface (not shown), and may be secured to the support surface using fasteners such as bolts, screws or rivets for example. In the illustrated example, the support base  1010  includes four mounting apertures  1016 . For example, support base  1010  may be mounted to the support surface with four fasteners (not shown) that respectively pass through the four mounting apertures  1016 . 
     Phyto material reservoir  1006  can store a vaporizable material that is to be dispensed into the cartridges. Vaporizable material may be a liquid vaporizable material  1018 , e.g. as shown. 
     Vaporizable material reservoir  1006  can be fluidly connected to the fluid dispenser  1014 . In the example shown, the vaporizable material reservoir  1006  is fluidly connected to the fluid dispenser  1014  via a linking tube  1020 . Accordingly, the liquid vaporizable material  1018  may pass from the vaporizable material reservoir  1006  to the fluid dispenser  1014  via the linking tube  1020 . 
     Cartridge base  1002  may include a plurality of molds or trays configured to hold cartridge assemblies. Each mold may be configured to accommodate a specific configuration of the cartridge assembly being filled. That is, each mold may be dimensioned such that the specific cartridge assembly fits inside. In the illustrated example, the cartridge tray  1002  includes four molds  1022 A,  1022 B,  1022 C and  1022 D. It will be appreciated that the cartridge tray  1002  may be configured with differing numbers of molds and mold configurations defined therein. 
     Fluid dispenser  1014  may include a filling nozzle  1024  extending from the fluid dispenser  1014 , e.g. as shown. Filling nozzle  1024  may direct the vaporizable material  1018  from the fluid dispenser  1014  into the cartridge assemblies that are being held in the plurality of molds. 
     Multi-axis robot arm  1012  may be movably connected to the support base  1010  by a universal joint  1032 , e.g. as shown. Universal joint  1032  may allow the multi-axis robot arm  1012  to move in three-dimensions with respect to the support base  1010 . 
     Cartridge base  1002  may be connected to the support base  1010 , e.g. as shown in  FIG. 64 . The cartridge base  1002  can be aligned with support base  1010  to provide a defined arrangement of trays relative to base  1002 . This can provide a pre-defined sequence of movements for the arm assembly  1012  to engage the cartridges to be filled and then closed. Movement of the multi-axis robotic arm  1012  may be automated according to the arrangement of the base  1002 . 
     Accordingly, the multi-axis robotic arm  1012  may position the filling nozzle  1024  above a mold prior to dispensing the vaporizable material  1018  into the cartridge assembly held in that mold. For example,  FIG. 64  shows filling nozzle  1024  positioned by the multi-axis robot arm  1012  over mold  1022 A. The filling nozzle  1024  may include a filling nozzle valve that is operable to enable and disable fluid flow through nozzle  1024 . The valve may be automatically operate by a control application, e.g. provided on server  1008 . 
     For example, if cartridge filling apparatus  1000  is used to fill the removable cartridge assembly  200 , the filling nozzle  1024  can be positioned within the filling tube  280  prior to dispensing the liquid vaporizable material  1018 . In this way, the vaporizable material  1018  may flow from the vaporizable material reservoir  1006  through the linking tube  1020  into the fluid dispenser  1016  and then be dispensed from the filling nozzle  1024  directly into the storage reservoir  216  via filling tube  280 . In some embodiments the liquid vaporizable material may be heated to facilitate its flow through the linking tube  1020  into the fluid dispenser  1016 . After being heated, the liquid vaporizable material may be dispensed from the filling nozzle  1024 . 
     In some embodiments, fluid dispenser  1014  may include a heated plunger  1026 , e.g. as shown. This may be particularly useful where cartridge assembly  200  is being filled. Heated plunger  1026  can be heatable to a temperature greater than the melting temperature of the filling tube  280 . After filling, heated plunger  1026  may extend (i.e. plunge) to contact filling tube  280 . The plunger  1026  can contact filling tube  280  and cause the filling tube  280  to melt and thus seal the filling tube  280 . The liquid vaporizable material  1018  (e.g. vaporizable material  50  of  FIG. 8 ) can then be enclosed within the storage reservoir  216 . 
     Filling nozzle  1024  may dispense a predetermined amount of liquid vaporizable material  1018  from the fluid dispenser  1014  into the storage reservoir of each cartridge assembly. A “volume-based” or weight-based” method may be used to dispense the predetermined amount. 
     Apparatus  1000  may include a liquid flow sensor in fluid communication with the filling nozzle  1024 . The liquid flow sensor may monitor the volume of vaporizable material dispensed from filling nozzle  1024 . The filling apparatus  1024  may be configured to automatically operate the filling nozzle valve to disable fluid nozzle  1024  after a predetermined volume of vaporizable material has been dispensed. 
     In some embodiments, tray  1002  may include a weight sensor or scale beneath molds  1022 . The weight sensor may monitor the weight of cartridges positioned within the molds  1022 A- 1022 D. For example, the weight sensor may measure an initial weight when the cartridges are installed. The weight sensor may continuously monitor the weight of the cartridges as vaporizable material is being dispensed. When weight sensor determines that a predetermined weight of vaporizable material has been dispensed, filling nozzle valve may be automatically operate to deactivate filling nozzle  1024 . 
     After filling the cartridge assembly to the predetermined amount (weight or volume), a memory module (e.g., memory module  254 ) may be programmed with a unique identification number (e.g. unique identification number  288 ) and/or additional cartridge identification data. Cartridge filling apparatus  1000  may program or encode the unique cartridge identification number and/or the cartridge identification data into the memory module. 
       FIG. 64  shows three cartridge assemblies, one being held in each of molds  1022 A,  1022 B and  1022 C, respectively (e.g. each cartridge assembly may be the removable cartridge assembly  500  of  FIG. 25 ). Each cartridge assembly may have its lid removed, e.g. as shown, exposing its internal storage reservoir (e.g. storage reservoir  516 ). With the cartridge assembly&#39;s lid removed, the storage reservoir may be open to filling nozzle  1024  during filling. That is, removing the lid of the storage compartment  516  may allow vaporizable material to be easily filled in storage compartment  516 . 
     For example, wide bore filling tubes or syringes may be used to insert vaporizable material that may have a high viscosity. For instance, a wider tube may be heated to allow a semi-liquid or waxy vaporizable material to flow more easily into the storage compartment  516 . 
     In some cases, the vaporizable material may be provided in a semi-solid form. For instance, vaporizable material may be die cut from a sheet of vaporizable material into shapes corresponding to the storage compartment. Vaporizable material can rolled into a sheet having a predetermined thickness. A die having a predetermined shape can be used to stamp out predetermined weights or volumes of the vaporizable materiel in the semi-solid form. This may facilitate inserting a harder, more solid, extract or derived phyto material product within the storage compartment, which may not otherwise be insertable through a small filling tube due to its viscosity. 
     Alternatively, filling nozzle  1024 , e.g. in the form of a vacuum chuck, may be used to dispense solid vaporizable material, e.g. cooled tablets or segments of vaporizable material. For example, where the filling apparatus  1000  is used to fill cartridge  500 , solid vaporizable material may be deposited into the storage compartment  516  from the top side prior to the cover  525  being attached. The cover  525  may then enclose the vaporizable material within storage compartment  516 . In some cases, the cover  525  may compact the deposited vaporizable material and/or force the vaporizable material to spread throughout the storage compartment  516 . 
     In some cases, the vaporizable material may be provided as semi-solid or solid tablets or formed segments. The formed segments may be formed into the desired size for storage compartment  516 . In some cases, the segments can be formed with a defined weight or size of vaporizable material that cartridge  500  is intended to deliver. The formed segments can be maintained below their melting point (in some cases cooled and hardened) prior to insertion into storage compartment  516 . Once cover  525  is secured to base  502 , the deposited material may be allowed to increase in temperature (e.g. to room temperature) and melt to spread throughout storage compartment  516 . 
     In some cases, the filling apparatus may include a vacuum chuck operable to load the formed segments into the vaporizable material reservoir  1006 . In such cases, the segments may be heated to melt prior to deposition into a storage compartment via the filling nozzle. 
     Filling apparatus  1000  may also be configured to load cartridges into the cartridge tray  1002  prior to filing. The filling apparatus  1000  may include a cartridge adapter  1028  at the end of arm  1012 . In some cases, the cartridge adapter  1028  may be provided in combination with the filling nozzle  1024  (e.g. an electromagnetic adapter surrounding the filling nozzle). In other cases, the nozzle  1024  may be removed and replaced with cartridge adapter  1028  when cartridges, and/cartridge covers are being positioned. 
     In some cases, the filling apparatus  1000  may provide a combined loading and filling apparatus that loads the cartridge tray  1002  with cartridge assemblies and then fill the cartridge assemblies in successive loading and filling processes. In other cases, a sequence of filling apparatus may be provided, a first using a cartridge adapter  1028  and a second using a filling nozzle  1024 . After the cartridge tray  1002  has been loaded with cartridge assemblies, the tray  1002  may be moved (e.g. on a conveyor belt) downstream to the cartridge filling apparatus  1000 . 
       FIG. 66  shows an example of filling apparatus  1000  being used as a cartridge sealing apparatus. Cartridge sealing apparatus  1000  may be used to seal the cartridge assemblies, filled previously with vaporizable material  1018 , with a lid or cover  525 , e.g. as shown. In some cases, the filling apparatus may provide a combined loading, filling and sealing apparatus that loads the cartridge tray  1002  with cartridge assemblies, then fill the cartridge assemblies with liquid vaporizable material  1018 , the seal the cartridge assemblies with the lid, in successive loading, filling and sealing processes. In other cases, after the cartridge assemblies have been filled with liquid vaporizable material  1018 , the cartridge tray  1002  may be moved (e.g. on a conveyor belt) downstream to another filling apparatus  1000  configured as a cartridge sealing apparatus. The sealed cartridges may subsequently be inserted into a blister packaging machine and blister packed for transport. 
     In some embodiments, a data server  1008  may be communicatively coupled to the vaporizable material reservoir  1006 , e.g. as shown in  FIG. 64 . In some embodiments, the data server  1008  may be communicatively coupled to the arm assembly  1004  and the cartridge tray  1002 , e.g. as shown in  FIG. 65 . In some embodiments, the data server  1008  may be communicatively coupled to the vaporizable material reservoir  1006 , the robotic arm assembly  1004  and the cartridge tray  1002 . 
     Empty mold  1022 D shows electrical contacts  1030 . Data server  1008  may be communicatively coupled to the cartridge filling device  1000 , the cartridge loading device  1000 ′ and the cartridge sealing device  1000 ′. Because the cartridges held within the cartridge tray  1022  have the PCB on an opposite side of the filling side, electrical contact may be made between the electrical contacts  1030  of the filling system and the plurality of electrical contacts  272 ,  572  of the cartridge assemblies  200  and  500 . Cartridge identification data can then be programmed into the memory storage module of each cartridge assembly. The cartridge identification data may also be stored within the data sever  1008 . The vaporizer devices may then access the cartridge identification data from the memory storage module (or from the data server) when the cartridges are installed into the cartridge receptacles. This allows the vaporizer device to determine the volume, weight and type of vaporizable material provided, and may adjust various operational settings (e.g. vaporization temperature) using this information. 
     Once a cartridge is filled with vaporizable material, or during filling by the filling apparatus  1000 , a memory circuit disposed within the cartridge may be programmed with a unique identification number. This unique identification number can be stored on server  1008  to allow that cartridge to be uniquely identified and tracked. In some embodiments the unique identification number can used to determine whether the cartridge has been legitimately produced (e.g. filled by an authorized filling station such as an authorized licensed producer or authorized agent). 
     Filling apparatus  1000  may also be configured to apply a label to the lid or cover (e.g. label  284  of  FIG. 10 ). In some cases, the label may be applied to an inner surface of the storage compartment  516 . In such cases, the storage compartment may include a viewing region to allow the label to be visible from outside the storage compartment  516 . For instance, cover  525  may injection molded from a transparent plastic material. An outer surface of cover  525  may be painted or obscured with a dark color. A laser removal process may be used in order to expose the viewing region. This process can provided a cleaner finish than using a spray mask. In some cases a laser removal process may also be used to create a machine readable optical pattern (e.g. a barcode or QR code). 
       FIGS. 67 and 68  show an example of a cartridge testing apparatus  1100 . Cartridge testing apparatus  1100  may be used to test and calibrate a cartridge inserted therein. The cartridge testing apparatus  1100  may test various aspects of cartridge testing apparatus, such as its function, heating chamber, airflow, etc. 
     The testing apparatus  1100  can define a testing receptacle  1116  shaped to receive a cartridge  500 . The receptacle  1116  can include contacts  1158  positioned to engage the cartridge contacts  572  of an inserted cartridge. The testing apparatus  1100  may use this coupling to update the memory module of the cartridge  500 , e.g. with calibration data or identifier data. The testing apparatus  1100  can include a fluid inlet  1140  that can be coupled to the cartridge by a fluid flow manifold  1110 . Manifold  1110  can be shaped to correspond to manifold  410 , so that the manifold outlet  1139  can engage the fluid conduit  504  of an inserted cartridge. 
     In some cases, testing apparatus  1100  may measure volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from an inhalation aperture  1112  upon heating up of the heating chamber. The testing apparatus  1100  may also include sensors to detect small amounts of THC or CBD or nicotine being atomized when the heating assembly is energized. For example, vaporization device may be used to vaporize small volumes of ingredients of interest (e.g. THC, CBD or nicotine) when inserted in testing apparatus  1100 . The emitted vapor can be directed into a sampling container at the outlet of testing apparatus  1100 . The contents of sampling container may be analyzed using various analysis systems, such as Raman Spectroscopy, mass spectrometers or HPLC or combinations thereof. This may allow quantitative measurement of the vaporizable material of interest. This may also permit dose calibration of the liquid vaporizable material after it has been atomized. 
     As mentioned above, testing apparatus  1100  may also perform a calibration process with the mass airflow sensor and other sensors to determine a correlation between a quantity of vaporized material that is emitted per volume or mass of air that is propagated through the fluid flow path. The emitted quantities of ingredients of interest (e.g. THC, CBD or nicotine) and airflow through the cartridge can be monitored. The calibration results can be stored in the memory module in the cartridge in relation to at least some of the mass airflow rate, heating chamber temperature, current, voltage applied to the resistive heating element and so forth. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 69 , shown therein is an example of a temperature estimation circuit that may be used in embodiments of the vaporization devices or cartridges described herein. In some cases, the temperature of a resistive heating element such as a wire may be estimated by sensing a current being applied to the heating element (atomizer). A current sensing integrated circuit may be used to measure a first voltage VM 1  and a 12 bit ADC can be used to measure battery rail voltage and for providing a second voltage VM 2 . The temperature of the atomizer heating element may then be determined, e.g. using calibration values stored in a look-up table on the memory module of the device or cartridge. For example, the look-up table may include calibration values correlating the heating element temperature with the current through, and voltage across, the heating element. 
       FIG. 70  illustrates different pulse width modulations (PWM) applied to the heating element as part of the atomizer.  FIG. 70  illustrates atomizer temperature. As shown, when the PWM is increased a current is increased as well as a voltage drop is increased. Through calibration with a known atomizer wire resistance, an approximate temperature of the atomizer can be extrapolated. Where a FLIR thermal camera is used, read temperature data can be correlated with the current, voltage drop and known atomizer wire resistance to approximate the temperature of the heating chamber. A mass of air that is entering the ambient air input port can be measure using the calibration configuration shown in  FIGS. 67-68 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 79 , shown therein is a schematic drawing illustrating a fluidic manifold system (FMS) that may be used with cartridge  500  in accordance with an embodiment. 
     As shown in  FIG. 79 , a fluidic manifold system (FMS) can be positioned between the storage compartment  516  and fluid apertures  515 . The FMS may be housed within the compartment  516  along with the vaporizable material. The fluidic manifold system (FMS) may be used to couple fluid apertures  515  to the vaporizable material within storage compartment  516 . The FMS may be used to monitor and/or control the flow of vaporizable material through apertures  515 . 
     In some cases, the FMS may include a liquid flow sensor (LFS). The LFS may be configured to measure the flow of liquid vaporizable material from the storage compartment  516  to the fluid apertures  515 . The LFS may be configured to provide flow rates in the low microliter/minute range, and upwards of 1 ml/min. 
     For example, a planar microfluidic glass substrate with down-mount fluidic ports may be used for the LFS. The LFS may be manufactured so that glass is the only wetted material. The LFS may include a combination of microfluidic chips and digital micro-sensor chips. This may facilitate the measurement of liquid flow within the planar glass substrate. 
     The digital micro-sensor chip used in LFS may be configured to process the received flow measurements and generate a linearized digital output that can be provided to the control circuit. The micro-sensor chip may be calibrated with cartridge  500 , and may provide temperature compensation for the fluid measurements. The LFS may be implemented with a low thermal mass, enabling response times below 30 ms to be reached. 
     Optionally, a valve mechanism (VM) may be positioned downstream or upstream of the LFS. The valve VM may be operable to enable or prevent the flow of vaporizable material through apertures  515 . For instance, where a predetermined volume of vaporizable material has passed through LFS (e.g. a defined volume per period time), the valve VM may be activated to prevent further vaporizable material from passing therethrough. This may prevent excess vaporizable material from existing the storage compartment  516  prior to preceding vaporizable material having been vaporized. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 77 and 78 , shown therein are plots of inhalation volume, and differential pressure measured by, an example air intake manifold  410  that includes a differential pressure sensor  442 . The plot of  FIG. 77 , a cumulative inhalation volume as air is drawn in a breath is shown on the left axis and a differential pressure measured by the mass airflow sensor  442  is shown on the right axis. The differential pressure is shown in kPA without a calibration factor applied (i.e. a raw reading). 
     The area under the curve is the total volume inhaled in a single inhalation. In the plot shown in  FIG. 77 , the graph includes three inhalations that use an approximately tidal volume (i.e. approximately 0.5 L) of inhalation (shown by the major peaks of the inhalation plot line) and then there are a plurality of puffing inhalations where the user puffs on the vaporizer and these result in much smaller volumes (shown by the minor peaks of the inhalation plot line between the second and third major peaks). The tidal inhalation volumes illustrated represent about 0.3 L, 0.65 L and 0.4 L inhaled respectively. The puffing inhalations each have about less than 0.1 L in volume. As explained above, inhalation volumes above puffing inhalation volumes may facilitate or improve vapor absorption in a user&#39;s lungs. 
     The plot shown in  FIG. 78 , illustrates tidal type inhalations that are labeled with ‘T’ that are that have a total inhaled volume of about 0.35 L per inhalation. A number of puffing inhalations are also shown. Puffing inhalations may occur in many pen-style vaporizer devices having small inhalation apertures and vapor conduits. Due to the small size of the flow passage, it can be difficult to achieve a tidal style inhalation because of flow restrictions in the diameter of the fluid conduit. 
       FIG. 78  shows an example of a plot in which a differential pressure threshold of 100 has been defined. As a result, the mass airflow is not measured unless the differential pressure is equal to or greater than 100. If the differential pressure is less than 100, a mass airflow measurement is not performed. This may ensure that the vaporization device monitors inhalations of greater volumes (closer to tidal inhalations) and does not monitor shorter inhalations (i.e. puffs). These mass airflow measurements may then be converted to volumetric air flow using known techniques. 
     As used herein, the wording “and/or” is intended to represent an inclusive-or. That is, “X and/or Y” is intended to mean X or Y or both, for example. As a further example, “X, Y, and/or Z” is intended to mean X or Y or Z or any combination thereof. 
     While the above description describes features of example embodiments, it will be appreciated that some features and/or functions of the described embodiments are susceptible to modification without departing from the spirit and principles of operation of the described embodiments. For example, the various characteristics which are described by means of the represented embodiments or examples may be selectively combined with each other. Accordingly, what has been described above is intended to be illustrative of the claimed concept and non-limiting. It will be understood by persons skilled in the art that other variants and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the claims appended hereto. The scope of the claims should not be limited by the preferred embodiments and examples, but should be given the broadest interpretation consistent with the description as a whole.