Patent Publication Number: US-11639583-B1

Title: Rail tie plate with spike retention capability

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a Continuation-In-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/719,935 filed Apr. 13, 2022, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,492,762, which is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/503,297 filed Oct. 16, 2021, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,359,335, which claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 63/204,697 filed Oct. 19, 2020, which is incorporated herein by specific reference thereto. The entire disclosure of each of the applications listed in this paragraph are incorporated herein by specific reference thereto. 
    
    
     FIELD OF INVENTION 
     This invention relates to railroad tie spikes, and in particular to apparatus, devices, assemblies, systems and methods of using clips over spikes for holding railroad tie spikes down to wood and concrete railroad ties and hold the spike heads to the rails. 
     BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART 
     Trains run on rails supported on cross ties formed of wood. The rails are commonly made of a steel, and have mounting flanges. The mounting flanges are adapted to rest on metallic bearing plates, generally referred to as tie plates or fishplates. The fishplates rest on the wooden ties, and spikes are used for securing rails to wooden ties. Spikes are often inserted in an opening or cavity in the fishplate and the spike shank is driven into the tie. The head of the spike is generally adapted to engage with the flange of the rail, thereby securing the rail to the tie. Alternatively, the tie plates or fish plates are equipped with a metal clip or boss that engages to the flange of the rail, and the head of the spike is adapted to engage with the fishplate to secure the rail to the tie. See for example, U.S. Pat. No. 457,584 to Goldie; U.S. Pat. No. 4,141,500 to Gragnani; U.S. Pat. No. 4,350,291 to Dobson; U.S. Pat. No. 4,461,422 to Harkus; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,513,912 and 4,756,477 to Schumaker and U.S. Pat. No. 6,808,120 to Oram et al. 
       FIG.  1    is an upper perspective exploded view of a prior art assembly  1  of spikes  2 ,  4 ,  6 ,  8  about to be attached through holes  13 ,  15  in a rail tie plate  10  to hold down a rail  20  to a rail tie  30 . The side flanges of the rail  20  are positioned between the first ridge  12  and the second ridge  16  on top of the rail tie plate  10 . 
       FIG.  2    is an upper perspective assembled view of the assembly  1  of  FIG.  1    with spikes  2 ,  4  attached through a rail tie plate  10  holding a rail  20  to a rail tie  30 . spikes  6 ,  8 , not shown on the other side of the rail  20  also are driven into holes (not shown) in the rail tie plate  10  to hold the rail  20  to the rail tie  30 . 
     Further attempts to secure or anchor a spike have included threaded spikes, and the like. See for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,808,120 to Oram et al., 
     Over time the ordinary spikes often work loose from the tie due to the working action that occurs as the rail deflects under the load and vibration of passing trains and due to expansion and contraction of the wood fibers of the tie due to temperature, humidity and other environmental changes. The loosening of the spikes will necessitate replacement of the spikes or other parts of the track assembly. 
     Furthermore, after such spikes have been in service an appreciable length of time, they will have a tendency to work in the hole established in the tie by the spike shank. Working of the spike acts to enlarge the hole surrounding the shank and to damage the surrounding wood fibers, causing the spike to loosen over time. The enlarged hole may also permit water and other chemicals to enter the hole surrounding the spike shank, thereby further weakening the spike or the surrounding wood fibers. Removal of the spikes usually causes additional damage to the ties. As such, spike removal often requires replacement of the entire tie in order to ensure that the replacement spike will anchor the rail to the tie with sufficient holding power. 
     The prior art does not describe, simple and effective techniques for protecting the spike heads from popping up from the ties over time to correct for the above discussed problems. 
     G-rail clips are well known. See for example E813 RAIL CLIP, E187 RAIL CLIP, and E2055 RAIL CLIP, manufactured by Hanzi Industrial International Co., Ltd. Of SHANGHAI, CHINA. See for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,050,284 to Miller, which is incorporated by reference in its&#39; entirety. 
     Many different types of rail clips are known and used with rail roads. See for example: U.S. Pat. No. 3,067,947 to Deenik; U.S. Pat. No. 3,939,617 to Eisses; U.S. Pat. No. 4,150,792 to Qureshi U.S. Pat. No. 4,050,284 to Miller; U.S. Pat. No. 4,325,511 to Young; U.S. Pat. No. 4,313,563 to Young; U.S. Pat. No. 4,379,521 to Young et al; U.S. Pat. No. 4,399,941 to Lubbers; U.S. Pat. No. 5,549,245 to Kish; which are all incorporated by reference. However, none of the known rail clips are used to hold down spikes to wood rail road ties. 
     Thus, the need exists for solutions to the above problems with the prior art. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A primary objective of the present invention is to provide apparatus, devices, assemblies, systems and methods of using clips over spikes for holding railroad tie spikes down to wooden ties and concrete ties and hold the spike heads to the rail so that the spikes will not come out. 
     A secondary objective of the present invention is to provide apparatus, devices, assemblies, systems and methods of using clips over spikes for retaining railroad tie spikes to railroad ties by w spring clips which press against the top of the head of the rail spikes and can be locked in place. 
     A third objective of the present invention is to provide apparatus, devices, assemblies, systems and methods of using clips over spikes for retaining railroad tie spikes to railroad ties by w spring clips which press against the top of the head of the rail spikes and can be locked in place. 
     A fourth objective of the present invention is to provide apparatus, devices, assemblies, systems and methods of using tie plates with vertical brackets having through-holes for passing horizontal rods held in place with cotter pins for retaining heads of spikes from coming out of railroad ties. 
     A fifth objective of the present invention is to provide apparatus, devices, assemblies, systems and methods of using tie plates with vertical studs having threaded ends for allowing flat plates to be attached, and through-holes in the studs for cotter pins, in order to retain spikes from coming out of railroad ties. 
     A first embodiment of a railroad spike retention system for retaining spikes to rail ties, can include a tie plate with spaced apart parallel first and second raised ridges for positioning a rail to a rail tie, a first plurality of holders fixed to the tie plate adjacent to an outer side of the first raised ridge on the tie plate, a first plurality of w shaped spring clips, each with free ends and a loop mid portion, the free ends and the loop mid portion facing in a same direction, wherein the free ends of each first w shaped spring clip are inserted into the first plurality of holders and the mid portion of each first spring clip is positioned over head portions of a first set of side spikes for retaining the first set of side spikes in place, a second plurality of holders fixed to the tie plate adjacent to an outer side of the second raised ridge on the tie plate, and a second plurality of W shaped spring clips, each with free ends and a loop mid portion, the free ends and the loop mid portion facing in a same direction, wherein the free ends of each second W shaped spring clip are inserted into the second plurality of holders and the mid portion of each second spring clip is positioned over head portions of a second set of side spikes for retaining the second set of side spikes in place. 
     The first plurality of holders can include first box shapes attached to a first base plate attached to the outer side of the first raised ridge of the tie plate, and the second plurality of holders include second box shapes attached to the outer side of the second raised ridge of the tie plate. 
     The plurality of first holders can be welded to the first base plate which are welded to the outer side of the first raised ridge of the tie plate, and the plurality of second holders can be welded to the second base plate which are welded the outer side of the second raised ridge of the tie plate. 
     The first plurality of holders can include four holders in a row, the first side spike can be a pair of first side spikes, the second plurality of holders can include four holders in a row, and the second side spike can be a pair of second side spikes. 
     The first w shaped spring clip can include a first pair of w shaped spring clips with the mid portions of each of first w shaped spring clips for holding down heads of the pair of spikes, and wherein the second w shaped spring clip can include a second pair of w shaped spring clips for holding down heads of the second pair of spikes. 
     The first w shaped spring clip and the second w shaped spring clip can be steel clips. 
     The railroad spike retention system can include first pins for locking the free ends of each first w shaped spring clip to the first plurality of holders, and second pins for locking the free ends of each second w shaped spring clip to the second plurality of holders 
     The first pins and the second pins can include cotter pins. 
     A method of retaining spikes in railroad ties, can include the steps of mounting a first plurality of holders fixed to the tie plate adjacent to an outer side of a first raised ridge. mounting a second plurality of holders fixed to the tie plate adjacent to an outer side of a second raised ridge. positioning the tie plate with the mounted first and second plurality of holders on a rail tie below a rail so that the rail is between the first raised ridge and the second raised ridge on the tie plate, attaching flange ridges of the rail to a rail tie with first and second sets of spikes, providing a set of first w shaped spring clips, each with free ends and a loop mid portion, the free ends and the loop mid portion facing in a same direction, inserting the free ends of each of the first set of w shaped spring clips into the first plurality of holders, positioning the mid portion of each of the first spring clips over head portions of the first set of spikes for retaining the first set of spikes in place in place to the rail tie, providing a set of second w shaped spring clips, each with free ends and a loop mid portion, the free ends and the loop mid portion facing in a same direction, inserting the free ends of each of the second set of w shaped spring clips into the second plurality of holders, and positioning the mid portion of each of the second spring clips is over head portions of the second set pf spikes for retaining the second set of spikes in place to the rail tie. 
     The method can include the steps of locking the free ends of the first w shaped spring clips to the first plurality of holders with first cotter pins, and locking the free ends of the second w shaped spring clips to the second plurality of holders with second cotter pins 
     A second embodiment of a railroad spike retention system for retaining spikes to rail ties, can include a tie plate with spaced apart parallel first and second raised ridges for positioning a rail to a rail tie, first spaced apart vertical brackets fixed to the tie plate adjacent to the first raised ridge, each of the first brackets having an upper through-hole passing from one side to an opposite side, each upper through-hole above heads of first rail spikes, a first elongated rod being inserted through each upper through-hole in the vertical brackets over the top of the spikes to retain the first spikes from coming out, second spaced apart vertical brackets fixed to the tie plate adjacent to the second raised ridge, each of the second brackets having an upper through-hole passing from one side to an opposite side, each upper through-hole above heads of second rail spike, and a second elongated rod being inserted through each upper through-hole in the vertical brackets over the top of the spikes to retain the second spikes from coming out 
     The railroad spike retention system can include first cotter pins for passing through through-holes in ends of the first elongated rod for locking the first elongated rod to the first vertical brackets, and second cotter pins for passing through through-holes in ends of the second elongated rod for locking the second elongated rod to the second vertical brackets. 
     A third embodiment of a railroad spike retention system for retaining spikes to rail ties, can include a tie plate with spaced apart parallel first and second raised ridges for positioning a rail to a rail tie, first spaced apart studs with threaded ends fixed to the tie plate adjacent to the first raised ridge, each of the first studs having an upper through-hole passing from one side to an opposite side, each upper through-hole above heads of first spikes, a first flat plate attached to the threaded ends of the first studs over the top of the first spikes to retain the first spikes from coming out, second spaced apart studs with threaded ends fixed to the tie plate adjacent to the second raised ridge, each of the second studs having an upper through-hole passing from one side to an opposite side, each upper through-hole above heads of second spikes, and a second flat plate attached to the threaded ends of the second studs over the top of the second spikes to retain the second spikes from coming out; 
     The railroad spike retention system can include nuts with washers and/or without first cotter pins for passing through the through-holes in the first studs for locking the first flat plate to the first studs, and nuts with washers and/or second cotter pins for passing through the through-holes in the second studs for locking the second flat plate to the second studs. 
     Further objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the presently preferred embodiments which are illustrated schematically in the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       The drawing figures depict one or more implementations in accord with the present concepts, by way of example only, not by way of limitations. In the figures, like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements. 
         FIG.  1    is an upper perspective exploded view of a prior art assembly of a spikes about to be attached to a rail tie plate to hold down a rail to a rail tie. 
         FIG.  2    is an upper perspective assembled view of  FIG.  1    with spikes attached through a rail tie plate holding a rail to a rail tie. 
         FIG.  3    is an upper perspective view of a spring clip tie plate embodiment. 
         FIG.  4    is a top view of the spring clip tie plate of  FIG.  3   . 
         FIG.  5    is a side view of the spring clip tie plate of  FIG.  4    along arrow  4 X. 
         FIG.  6    is a front end view of the spring clip tie plate of  FIG.  4    along arrow  4 Y. 
         FIG.  7 A  is an upper perspective view of a w spring clip. 
         FIG.  7 B  is a top view of the w spring clip of  FIG.  7 A . 
         FIG.  7 C  is a side view of the w spring clip of  FIG.  7 A  along arrow  7 C. 
         FIG.  7 D  is a front view of the w spring clip of  FIG.  7 A  along arrow  7 D. 
         FIG.  7 E  is a rear view of the w spring clip of  FIG.  7 A  along arrow  7 E. 
         FIG.  8 A  is an upper perspective view of the spring clip tie plate of  FIGS.  3 - 6    mounted between a rail and a tie, with the w spring clip(s) of  FIGS.  7 A- 7 C  about to be attached. 
         FIG.  8 B  is an upper perspective view of  FIG.  8 A  with the w spring clip(s) assembled with the spring clip tie plate. 
         FIG.  9    is an upper perspective view of a second embodiment of a tie plate with vertical steel brackets for supporting steel rods to retain railroad spikes. 
         FIG.  10    is a top view of the tie plate with vertical steel brackets of  FIG.  9   . 
         FIG.  11    is a side view of the tie plate with vertical steel brackets of  FIG.  10    along arrow  11 X. 
         FIG.  12    is a front end view of the tie plate with vertical steel brackets of  FIG.  10    along arrow  12 Y. 
         FIG.  13 A  is an upper perspective view of the tie plate with vertical steel brackets of  FIGS.  10 - 12    mounted between a rail and tie with a steel rod ready to be inserted through holes in the vertical brackets/ FIG.  13 B  is an upper perspective view of  FIG.  13 A  with the steel rod mounted through the holes in the vertical brackets over the top of the spikes and locked in place with cotter pins. 
         FIG.  14    is an upper perspective view of a third embodiment of a tie plate with upwardly facing vertical studs having threaded ends for flat plates to be attached to retain railroad spikes. 
         FIG.  15    is a top view of the tie plate with upwardly facing threaded end vertical studs of  FIG.  14   . 
         FIG.  16    is a side view of the tie plate with upwardly facing threaded end vertical studs of  FIG.  15    along arrow  16 X. 
         FIG.  17    is a front end view of the tie plate with upwardly facing threaded end vertical studs of  FIG.  15    along arrow  17 Y. 
         FIG.  18 A  is an upper perspective view of the tie plate of  FIGS.  14 - 17    mounted between a rail and tie with a flat plate about to be attached to the upwardly facing threaded end vertical studs and nuts and washers used on the threaded ends with cotter pins. 
         FIG.  18 B  is an upper perspective view of  FIG.  18 A  with the flat plate attached to the threaded ends of the vertical studs with nuts washers over the top of the spikes and locked in place with cotter pins. 
         FIG.  19 A  is an upper perspective view of another unassembled spring clip tie plate with w spring clip(s) about to be attached in a fourth embodiment. 
         FIG.  19 B  is an upper perspective view of  FIG.  19 A  with the w spring clip(s) assembled with the spring clip tie plate retaining the spikes. 
         FIG.  19 C  is an upper perspective view of an alternative unassembled spring clip tie plate with w spring clip(s) about to be attached in a fourth embodiment in  FIG.  19 A . 
         FIG.  19 D  is an upper perspective view of  FIG.  19 C  with the w spring clip(s) assembled with the spring clip tie plate retaining the spikes. 
         FIG.  20    is an upper perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the assembled spring clip tie plate of  FIG.  19 B . 
         FIG.  21    is a top view of the assembled spring clip tie plate of  FIG.  20   . 
         FIG.  22    is a side view of the assembled spring clip tie plate of  FIG.  21    along arrow  22 X. 
         FIG.  23    is a front end view of the assembled spring clip tie plate of  FIG.  21    along arrow  23 Y. 
         FIG.  24 A  is an upper perspective view of a w spring clip used in  FIGS.  19 A- 19 B . 
         FIG.  24 B  is a top view of the w spring clip of  FIG.  24 A . 
         FIG.  24 C  is a side view of the w spring clip of  FIG.  24 A  along arrow  24 C. 
         FIG.  24 D  is a front view of the w spring clip of  FIG.  24 A  along arrow  24 D. 
         FIG.  24 E  is a rear view of the w spring clip of  FIG.  24 A  along arrow  24 E. 
         FIG.  25 A  is an upper perspective view of another spring clip tie plate with w spring clip(s) about to be attached in a fifth embodiment. 
         FIG.  25 B  is an upper perspective view of  FIG.  25 A  with the w spring clip(s) assembled with the spring clip tie plate retaining the spikes. 
         FIG.  26    is an upper perspective view of a fifth embodiment of the spring clip tie plate of  FIG.  25 B . 
         FIG.  27    is a top view of the spring clip tie plate of  FIG.  26   . 
         FIG.  28    is a side view of the spring clip tie plate of  FIG.  27    along arrow  28 X. 
         FIG.  29    is a front end view of the spring clip tie plate of  FIG.  27    along arrow  29 Y. 
         FIG.  30 A  is an upper perspective view of a w spring clip used in  FIGS.  25 A- 25 B . 
         FIG.  30 B  is a top view of the w spring clip of  FIG.  30 A . 
         FIG.  30 C  is a side view of the w spring clip of  FIG.  30 A  along arrow  30 C. 
         FIG.  30 D  is a front view of the w spring clip of  FIG.  30 A  along arrow  30 D. 
         FIG.  30 E  is a rear view of the w spring clip of  FIG.  30 A  along arrow  30 E. 
         FIG.  31 A  is an upper perspective view of another spring clip tie plate with w spring clip(s) about to be attached in a sixth embodiment. 
         FIG.  31 B  is an upper perspective view of  FIG.  31 A  with the w spring clip(s) assembled with the spring clip tie plate retaining the spikes. 
         FIG.  32    is an upper perspective view of a sixth embodiment of the spring clip tie plate of  FIG.  31 B . 
         FIG.  33    is a top view of the spring clip tie plate of  FIG.  32   . 
         FIG.  34    is a side view of the spring clip tie plate of  FIG.  33    along arrow  34 X. 
         FIG.  35    is a front end view of the spring clip tie plate of  FIG.  33    along arrow  35 Y. 
         FIG.  36 A  is an upper perspective view of a w spring clip used in  FIGS.  31 A- 31 B . 
         FIG.  36 B  is a top view of the w spring clip of  FIG.  36 A . 
         FIG.  36 C  is a side view of the w spring clip of  FIG.  36 A  along arrow  36 C. 
         FIG.  36 D  is a front view of the w spring clip of  FIG.  36 A  along arrow  36 D. 
         FIG.  36 E  is a rear view of the w spring clip of  FIG.  36 A  along arrow  36 E. 
       Seventh Embodiment 
         FIG.  37 A  is an upper perspective side view of a seventh embodiment of a concave back C clip. 
         FIG.  37 B  is a side view of the concave back C clip of  FIG.  37 A . 
         FIG.  37 C  is a front end left end view of the concave back C-clip of  FIG.  37 B . 
         FIG.  37 D  is a rear end right end view of the concave back C-clip of  FIG.  37 B . 
         FIG.  37 E  is a top side view of the concave back C-clip of  FIG.  37 A . 
         FIG.  37 F  is a bottom side view of the concave back C-clip of  FIG.  37 A . 
         FIG.  37 G  is a lower perspective side view of the C-clip of  FIG.  37 A . 
         FIG.  38 A  is an exploded perspective view of using a left and right pairs of the C-clips of  FIGS.  37 A- 37 G  with a left and right double box housing structures for holding spikes down through a rail tie plate about a railroad tie. 
         FIG.  38 B  is an assembled perspective view of  FIG.  38 A . 
         FIG.  38 C  is a top view of the assembled view of  FIG.  38 B . 
         FIG.  39    is a front end view of  FIG.  38 C  along arrows  39 . 
         FIG.  40    is a cross-sectional view of  FIG.  38 C  along arrows  40 . 
         FIG.  41 A  is an exploded perspective view of using a left and right C-clips of  FIGS.  37 A- 37 G  with a left and right box housing structures and raised auxiliary plates for holding spikes through a rail tie plate about a railroad tie. 
         FIG.  41 B  is another exploded view of  FIG.  41 A  with lowered auxiliary plates. 
         FIG.  41 C  is an assembled perspective view of  FIGS.  41 A and  41 B . 
         FIG.  42    is a top view of the assembled view of  FIG.  41 V . 
         FIG.  43    is a front end view of  FIG.  42    along arrows  43 . 
         FIG.  44    is a cross-sectional view of  FIG.  42    along arrows  44 . 
         800  Eighth Embodiment-Convex back C clip 
         FIG.  45 A  is an upper perspective side view of a eighth embodiment of a convex back C clip. 
         FIG.  45 B  is a side view of the convex back C clip of  FIG.  45 A . 
         FIG.  45 C  is a front end left end view of the convex back C-clip of  FIG.  45 B . 
         FIG.  45 D  is a rear end right end view of the convex back C-clip of  FIG.  45 B . 
         FIG.  45 E  is a top side view of the convex back C-clip of  FIG.  45 A . 
         FIG.  45 F  is a bottom side view of the convex back C-clip of  FIG.  45 A . 
         FIG.  45 G  is a lower perspective side view of the C-clip of  FIG.  45 A . 
         FIG.  46 A  is an exploded perspective view of using a left and right pairs of the C-clips of  FIGS.  45 A- 45 G  with a left and right double box housing structures for holding spikes down through a rail tie plate about a railroad tie. 
         FIG.  46 B  is an assembled perspective view of  FIG.  45 A . 
         FIG.  47    is a top view of the assembled view of  FIG.  46 B . 
         FIG.  48    is a front end view of  FIG.  47    along arrows  48 . 
         FIG.  49    is a cross-sectional view of  FIG.  47    along arrows  49 . 
         FIG.  50 A  is an exploded perspective view of using a left and right C-clips of  FIGS.  45 A- 45 G  with a left and right box housing structures and raised auxiliary plates for holding spikes through a rail tie plate about a railroad tie. 
         FIG.  50 B  is another exploded view of  FIG.  50 A  with lowered auxiliary plates. 
         FIG.  50 C  is an assembled perspective view of  FIGS.  50 A- 50 B . 
         FIG.  51    is a top view of the assembled view of  FIG.  50 C . 
         FIG.  52    is a front end view of  FIG.  51    along arrows  52 . 
         FIG.  53    is a cross-sectional view of  FIG.  51    along arrows  53 . 
         900  Ninth Embodiment-double hook flat C clip 
         FIG.  54 A  is an upper side perspective view of a double hook flat C-clip. 
         FIG.  54 B  is a side view of the double hook flat C-clip of  FIG.  54 A . 
         FIG.  54 C  is a front end view of the double hook flat C-clip of  FIG.  54 A . 
         FIG.  54 D  is a rear end view of the double hook flat C-clip of  FIG.  54 A . 
         FIG.  54 E  is a top view of the double hook flat C-clip of  FIG.  54 A . 
         FIG.  54 F  is a bottom view of the double hook flat C-clip of  FIG.  54 A . 
         FIG.  54 G  is a lower side perspective view of the double hook flat C-clip of  FIG.  54 A . 
         FIG.  55 A  is an exploded perspective view of using a left and right pair of the double hook flat C-clips of  FIGS.  54 A- 54 G  with a left and right double box housing structures with side slots for holding spikes down through a rail tie plate about a rail. 
         FIG.  55 B  is an assembled perspective view of  FIG.  55 A . 
         FIG.  56    is a top view of the assembled view of  FIG.  57   . 
         FIG.  57    is a front end view of  FIG.  56    along arrows  48 . 
         FIG.  58    is a cross-sectional view of  FIG.  56    along arrows  58 . 
         FIG.  59 A  is an exploded perspective view of using a left and right double hook flat C-clips of  FIGS.  54 A- 54 G  with a left and right box housing structures with side slots and raised auxiliary plates for holding spikes through a rail tie plate about a railroad tie. 
         FIG.  59 B  is another exploded view of  FIG.  59 A  with lowered auxiliary plates. 
         FIG.  59 C  is an assembled perspective view of  FIGS.  59 A- 59 B . 
         FIG.  60    is a top view of the assembled view of  FIG.  59 C . 
         FIG.  61    is a front end view of  FIG.  60    along arrows  61 . 
         FIG.  62    is a cross-sectional view of  FIG.  60    along arrows  62 . 
         1000  Tenth Embodiment double hook two wire C clip 
         FIG.  63 A  is an upper front side perspective view of a double hook two wire C clip 
         FIG.  63 B  is a side view of a double hook two wire C clip of  FIG.  63 A . 
         FIG.  63 C  is a front end view of a double hook two wire C clip of  FIG.  63 A . 
         FIG.  63 D  is a rear end view of a double hook two wire C clip of  FIG.  63 A . 
         FIG.  63 E  is a top view of a double hook two wire C clip of  FIG.  63 A . 
         FIG.  63 F  is a bottom view of a double hook two wire C clip of  FIG.  63 A . 
         FIG.  63 G  is a lower rear side perspective view of a double hook two wire C clip of  FIG.  63 A . 
         FIG.  64 A  is an exploded perspective view of using left and right pairs of the double hook two wire C clips of  FIGS.  63 A- 63 G  with a left and right double box housing structures with side slots for holding spikes down through a rail tie plate about a rail. 
         FIG.  64 B  is an assembled perspective view of  FIG.  64 A . 
         FIG.  65 A  is an exploded perspective view of using a left and right double hook two wire C clips of  FIGS.  63 A- 63 G  with a left and right single box housing structures with side slots and raised auxiliary plates for holding spikes through a rail tie plate about a railroad tie. 
         FIG.  65 B  is another exploded view of  FIG.  65 A  with lowered auxiliary plates. 
         FIG.  65 C  is an assembled perspective view of  FIGS.  65 A- 65 B . 
         FIG.  66    is a top view of the assembled view of  FIG.  65 C . 
         FIG.  67    is a front end view of  FIG.  66    along arrows  67 . 
         FIG.  68    is a cross-sectional view of  FIG.  60    along arrows  68 . 
         1100  Eleventh Embodiment G clip 
         FIG.  69 A  is an upper perspective view of the G-clip  FIG.  69 B  is a lower perspective view of the G-clip of  FIG.  69 A . 
         FIG.  69 C  is a top view of the G-clip of  FIG.  69 A . 
         FIG.  69 D  is a bottom view of the G-clip of  FIG.  69 A . 
         FIG.  69 E  is a right perspective view of the G-clip of  FIG.  69 A . 
         FIG.  69 F  is a left perspective view of the G-clip of  FIG.  69 A . 
         FIG.  70 A  is an exploded view of the G-clips with collars and raised auxiliary plates with pre-welded bars on both sides of the rail, above the spikes in the tie plate. 
         FIG.  70 B  is another exploded view of  FIG.  70 B  with auxiliary plates with pre-welded bars on top of the spike heads and footer edge of the rail. 
         FIG.  70 C  is an assembled view of  FIG.  70 A- 70 B  with collars fixably attached to the tie plate with the G-clips attached thereto pressing down on both the auxiliary plates over the spike heads and on the footer edge of the rail. 
         FIG.  71    is a top view of the assembled view of  FIG.  70 C . 
         FIG.  72    is a front end view of  FIG.  71    along arrows  72 . 
         FIG.  73    is a cross-sectional view of  FIG.  71    along arrows  73 . 
         1200  Twelfth Embodiment W clip 
         FIG.  74 A  is an upper perspective view of a W-clip. 
         FIG.  74 B  is a top view of the W-clip of  FIG.  74 A . 
         FIG.  74 C  is a bottom view of the W-clip of  FIG.  74 A . 
         FIG.  74 D  is a right side view of the W-clip of  FIG.  74 A . 
         FIG.  74 E  is a rear end view of the W-clip of  FIG.  74 A . 
         FIG.  74 F  is a front end view of the W-clip of  FIG.  74 A . 
         FIG.  75 A  is an exploded perspective view of the W-clips clip holder structure, raised auxiliary plate with pre-welded bars above a tie plate on sides of a rail. 
         FIG.  75 B  is another exploded perspective view of  FIG.  75 A  with the auxiliary plate with pre-welded bars installed on both sides of a rail. 
         FIG.  75 C  is an assembled perspective view of  FIGS.  74 A- 74 B  with W-clips pressed into the holder structure, which is riveted to the tie plate. 
         FIG.  76    is a top view of the assembled view of  FIG.  75 C . 
         FIG.  77    is a front end view of  FIG.  76    along arrows  77 . 
         FIG.  78    is a cross-sectional view of  FIG.  76    along arrows  78 . 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Before explaining the disclosed embodiments of the present invention in detail it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its applications to the details of the particular arrangements shown since the invention is capable of other embodiments. Also, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. 
     In the Summary above and in the Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments and in the accompanying drawings, reference is made to particular features (including method steps) of the invention. It is to be understood that the disclosure of the invention in this specification does not include all possible combinations of such particular features. For example, where a particular feature is disclosed in the context of a particular aspect or embodiment of the invention, that feature can also be used, to the extent possible, in combination with and/or in the context of other particular aspects and embodiments of the invention, and in the invention generally. 
     In this section, some embodiments of the invention will be described-more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout, and prime notation is used to indicate similar elements in alternative embodiments. 
     Other technical advantages may become readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art after review of the following figures and description. 
     It should be understood at the outset that, although exemplary embodiments are illustrated in the figures and described below, the principles of the present disclosure may be implemented using any number of techniques, whether currently known or not. The present disclosure should in no way be limited to the exemplary implementations and techniques illustrated in the drawings and described below. 
     Unless otherwise specifically noted, articles depicted in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. 
     A list of components will now be described.
           1  Prior Art View of spikes attached to rail tie plate to hold rail to rail tie     2  spike     4  spike     6  spike     8  spike     10  Rail tie plate     12  first ridge     13  first hole     15  second hole     16  second ridge     20  Rail     30  rail tie     100  First Embodiment Rail Tie Plate with Holders for w Shaped Spring Clips     110  rail tie plate     112  first elongated ridge     113  first spike hole     115  second spike hole     116  second elongated ridge     117  third spike hole     119  fourth spike hole     120  left base plate     122  first left holder (box)     123  side openings for cotter pin     124  second left holder (box)     125  side openings for cotter pin     126  third left holder (box)     127  side openings for cotter pin     128  fourth left holder (box)     129  side openings for cotter pin     130  right base plate     132  first right holder (box)     133  side openings for cotter pin     134  second right holder (box)     135  side openings for cotter pin     136  third right holder (box)     137  side openings for cotter pin     138  fourth right holder (box)     139  side openings for cotter pin     140  W shaped spring clip     142  first leg     143  through-hole in first leg     144  mid portion     146  second leg     147  through-hole in second leg     152  first cotter pin     154  second cotter pin     156  third cotter pin     200  Second Embodiment Rail Tie Plate with Vertical Supports for Horizontal Bars     202  first spike     204  second spike     210  rail tie plate     212  first elongated ridge     213  first spike hole     215  second spike hole     216  second elongated ridge     217  third spike hole     219  fourth spike hole     222  first left vertical bracket     223  upper through-hole     224  first right vertical bracket     225  upper through hole     232  second left vertical bracket     233  upper through-hole     234  second right vertical bracket     235  upper through-hole     240  first elongated rod     241  through-hole in one end     247  through-hole in opposite end     250  second elongated rod     251  through-hole in one end     257  through-hole in opposite end     260  cotter pin(s)     300  Third Embodiment Rail Tie Plate with Vertical Threaded Bar Ends &amp; Nuts     302  first spike     304  second spike     310  rail tie plate     312  first elongated ridge     213  first spike hole     315  second spike hole     316  second elongated ridge     317  third spike hole     319  fourth spike hole     322  first left stud with threaded end     323  upper through-hole     324  first right stud with threaded end     325  upper through hole     332  second left stud with threaded end     333  upper through-hole     334  second right stud with threaded end     335  upper through-hole     240  first flat plate     341  through-hole in one end     347  through-hole in opposite end     250  second flat plate     351  through-hole in one end     257  through-hole in opposite end     360  cotter pin(s)     370  nuts &amp; washers     400  Fourth Embodiment Tie Plate with Inverted L-shaped brackets     402  first spike     404  second spike     410  tie plate     412  first elongated ridge     413  first spike hole     415  second spike hole     416  second elongated ridge     417  third spike hole     419  fourth spike hole     422  first left stud with threaded end     424  first right stud with threaded end     432  second left stud with threaded end     434  second right stud with threaded end     440  first horizontal plate     441  through-hole adjacent one end     442  first plates inverted L shape bracket     444  second inverted L shape bracket     446  third inverted L shape bracket     448  fourth inverted L shape bracket     449  through-hole adjacent opposite end     450  second horizontal plate     451  through-hole adjacent one end     452  first plates inverted L shape bracket     454  second inverted L shape bracket     456  third inverted L shape bracket     458  fourth inverted L shape bracket     459  through-hole adjacent opposite end     470  nuts &amp; washers     480  W shaped spring clip     482  first leg     483  groove/notch in first leg     484  mid portion     486  second leg     487  groove/notch in second leg     500  Fifth Embodiment Tie Plate of plurality of metal structures and with horizontal channels/openings     502  first spike     504  second spike     510  tie plate     512  first elongated ridge     513  first spike hole     515  second spike hole     516  second elongated ridge     517  third spike hole     519  fourth spike hole     540  plurality of left metal structures with horizontal channel openings     542  first left metal structure with horizontal channel opening     543  first left structure side through-hole     544  second left metal structure with horizontal channel opening     545  second left structure side through-hole     546  third left metal structure with horizontal channel opening     547  third left structure side through-hole     548  fourth left metal structure with horizontal channel opening     549  fourth left structure side through-hole     550  cotter pins     560  plurality of right metal structures with horizontal channel openings     562  first right metal structure with horizontal channel opening     563  first right structure side through-hole     564  second right metal structure with horizontal channel opening     565  second right structure side through-hole     566  third right metal structure with horizontal channel opening     567  third right structure side through-hole     568  fourth right metal structure with horizontal channel opening     569  fourth right structure side through-hole     570  cotter pins     580  w shaped spring clip     582  first leg     583  through-hole in first leg     584  mid portion     586  second leg     587  through-hole in second leg     600  SIXTH Embodiment Tie Plate of plurality of metal structures with angled channel openings     602  first spike     604  second spike     610  tie plate     612  first elongated ridge     613  first spike hole     615  second spike hole     616  second elongated ridge     617  third spike hole     619  fourth spike hole     640  plurality of left metal structures with angled channel openings     642  first left metal structure with angled channel     643  first left structure side through-hole     644  second left metal structure with angled channel     645  second left structure side through-hole     646  third left metal structure with angled channel     647  third left structure side through-hole     648  fourth left metal structure with angled channel     649  fourth left structure side through-hole     650  cotter pins     660  plurality of right metal structures with angled channel openings     662  first right metal structure with angled channel     663  first right structure side through-hole     664  second right metal structure with angled channel     665  second right structure side through-hole     666  third right metal structure with angled channel     667  third right structure side through-hole     668  fourth right metal structure with angled channel     669  fourth right structure side through-hole     670  cotter pins     680  w shaped spring clip     682  first leg     683  through-hole in first leg     684  mid portion     686  second leg     687  through-hole in second leg     700  Seventh Embodiment-Concave back C clip     710  double box housing structure     712  left rectangular vertical frame     713  left rectangular frame base     714  right rectangular vertical frame     715  right rectangular frame base     722  left support tab     723  through-hole in left support tab     724  middle support tab connects each box housing structure     725  through-hole in middle support tab     726  right support tab     727  through-hole in right support tab     730  single box housing structure     732  rectangular vertical frame     733  rectangular frame base     742  left support tab     743  through-hole in left support tab     746  right support tab     747  through-hole in right support tab     750  rivet(s)     760  auxiliary plate     762  left spike notch     764  rectangular cut-out     766  right spike notch     770  bar(s)     780  flat concave back C clip     782  leg with concave top side &amp; convex lower side     783  leg end     784  upward curved edge     786  downward curved edge     788  outer hook end     800  Eighth Embodiment-Convex back C clip     810  double box housing structure with upper slots     812  left rectangular vertical frame     813  upper slot left rectangular frame     814  right rectangular vertical frame     815  upper slot in right rectangular frame     822  left support tab     823  through-hole in left support tab     824  middle support tab connects each box housing structure     825  through-hole in middle support tab     826  right support tab     827  through-hole in right support tab     830  single box housing structure with upper slot     832  rectangular vertical frame     833  upper slot in rectangular frame base     842  left support tab     843  through-hole in left support tab     846  right support tab     847  through-hole in right support tab     850  rivet(s)     860  auxiliary plate     862  left spike notch     864  rectangular cut-out     866  right spike notch     870  bar(s)     880  flat convex back C clip with extended tail     882  leg (tail) with concave top side &amp; convex lower side     883  leg end     884  upward curved hook     885  hook end     900  Ninth Embodiment-double hook flat C clip     910  double box housing structure with side slots     912  left box structure     913  side slot in left box structure     914  right box structure     915  side slot in right box structure     922  left support tab     923  through-hole in left support tab     924  middle support tab connects each box housing structure     925  through-hole in middle support tab     926  right support tab     927  through-hole in right support tab     930  single box structure with side slot     932  single box structure     933  side slot in single box structure     942  left support tab     943  through-hole in left support tab     946  right support tab     947  through-hole in right support tab     950  rivets     960  auxiliary plate     962  left spike notch     964  rectangular cut-out     966  right spike notch     970  bar(s)     980  double hook flat C clip     982  left inwardly facing hook     984  flat top     986  right inwardly facing hook     988  stepped space between hook ends     1000  Tenth Embodiment double hook two wire C clip     1010  double box housing structure with side slots     1012  left box structure     1013  side slot in left box structure     1014  right box structure     1015  side slot in right box structure     1022  left support tab     1023  through-hole in left support tab     1024  middle support tab connects each box housing structure     1025  through-hole in middle support tab     1026  right support tab     1027  through-hole in right support tab     1030  single box structure with side slot     1032  single box structure     1033  side slot in single box structure     1042  left support tab     1043  through-hole in left support tab     1046  right support tab     1047  through-hole in right support tab     1050  rivets     1060  auxiliary plate     1062  left spike notch     1064  rectangular cut-out     1066  right spike notch     1070  bar(s)     1080  double hook two wire C-clip     1082  left inwardly facing hook     1084  flat top     1086  right inwardly facing hook     1088  Stepped space between hook ends     1100  Eleventh Embodiment G clip     1110  collar     1112  front curved end     1114  base     1116  stud extending downward     1160  auxiliary plate     1162  left notch     1164  middle rectangular section     1166  right notch     1170  bar     1180  G clip     1182  flat protruding end     1184  first bend     1186  second bend     1188  straight end     1200  Twelfth Embodiment W-clip     1210  Clip holder structure     1220  base plate     1222  left tab     1223  through-hole in left tab     1224  raised middle section     1226  right tab     1227  through-hole in right tab     1230  left facing bracket     1240  right facing bracket     1250  rivets     1260  auxiliary plate     1262  left notch     1264  middle rectangular cut-out     1266  right notch     1270  bar(s)     1280  W-clip     1282  left leg     1283  notch on left leg end     1284  left bend     1285  middle bend     1286  right bend     1288  right leg     1289  notch on right leg end       

     First Embodiment 
       FIG.  3    is an upper perspective view of a spring clip tie plate  100   FIG.  4    is a top view of the spring clip tie plate  100  of  FIG.  3   .  FIG.  5    is a side view of the spring clip tie plate  100  of  FIG.  4    along arrow  4 X.  FIG.  6    is a front end view of the spring clip tie plate  100  of  FIG.  4    along arrow  4 Y. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  3 - 6   , a tie plate  110  similar to those shown and described in the prior art of  FIGS.  1 A and  1 B  and can be modified. 
     The new railroad tie plate embodiment  100  can be manufactured in a factory and replaces the old railroad tie plate. This happens when the railroad ties need replacing or when service work needs to be done. It also happens when new rail track is laid down. 
     A first plurality of holders that can have box shapes  122 ,  124 ,  16 ,  128  can be fixed to an upper surface of a left rectangular base plate  120  by being welded, and the like. Each of the first plurality of holders can have side through-holes  123 ,  125 ,  127 ,  129  running from one side of each box shape through to another side of each box shape. The outer facing sides of each of the plurality of holders  122 ,  124 ,  126 ,  128  can be open. The left base plate  120  with first plurality of holders  122 ,  124 ,  126 ,  128  can be attached to an upper surface of the tie plate  110  adjacent to an outer side of the first raised ridge  112  by being welded, and the like. 
     A second plurality of holders that can have box shapes  132 ,  134 ,  136 ,  138  can be fixed to an upper surface of a right rectangular base plate  120  by being welded, and the like. Each of the second plurality of holders can have side through-holes  133 ,  135 ,  137 ,  139  running from one side of each box shape through to another side of each box shape. The outer facing sides of each of the plurality of holders  132 ,  134 ,  136 ,  138  can be open. The right base plate  130  with second plurality of holders  132 ,  134 ,  136 ,  138  can be attached to an upper surface of the tie plate  110  adjacent to an outer side of the second raised ridge  114  by being welded, and the like. 
     The tie plate  110  can include a first spike hole  113 , and second spike hole  115  running from a top side of the tie plate  110  through the elongated ridge  112 , through the bottom side of the tie plate  110 . The tie plate  110  can include a third spike hole  117 , and fourth spike hole  119  running from a top side of the tie plate  110  through the other elongated ridge  116 , through the bottom side of the tie plate  110 . 
       FIG.  7 A  is an upper perspective view of a W spring clip  140 .  FIG.  7 B  is a top view of the W spring clip  140  of  FIG.  7 A .  FIG.  7 C  is a side view of the W spring clip  140  of  FIG.  7 A  along arrow  7 C.  FIG.  7 D  is a front view of the W spring clip  140  of  FIG.  7 A  along arrow  7 D.  FIG.  7 E  is a rear view of the W spring clip  140  of  FIG.  7 A  along arrow  7 E. 
     Each W spring clip  140  can be made from steel, spring steel and the like, with a first leg  142 , through-hole  143  running from one side of the first leg  142  to welded, and the other side, curved (bent) midportion  144 , a second leg  146  and a through-hole  147  running from one side of the second leg  146  to the other side. 
     A process for using invention will now be described; A machine on the tracks pulls existing spikes out on a section of track. Then a machine, such as a crane, lifts the tracks high enough to remove the existing railroad tie plates. Then the wooden tie is pulled out from underneath the rails. Then new ties are inserted under the rails as they are still lifted up. Once the wooden ties are in place the new railroad tie plates  100  are slid under the rail which is then lowered on to the plates  110 . Each rail  20  sits between two bumps (elongated parallel ridges  112 ,  116 , which form a pocket for the rail  20 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  1 - 6  and  8   , the spikes  6 ,  8  are then driven into the spike holes  113 ,  115 , and another pair of spikes (not shown) driven into the spike holes  117 ,  119 . 
       FIG.  8 A  is an upper perspective view of the spring clip tie plate  100  of  FIGS.  3 - 6    mounted between a rail  20  and a tie  30 , with the W spring clip(s)  140  of  FIGS.  7 A- 7 C  about to be attached. 
       FIG.  8 B  is an upper perspective view of  FIG.  8 A  with the W spring clip(s)  140  assembled with the spring clip tie plate embodiment  100 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  7 A- 7 E and  8 A- 8 B , the free ends  142 ,  146  of the w clips  140  by the W clips are pushed into the apertures outer side openings in the plurality of holders  122 ,  124 ,  126 ,  128 ,  132 ,  134 ,  135 ,  138  and the bent midportion  144  of the W spring clips  140  are pushed and over the top of the spike heads on the spikes  6 ,  8 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  3 ,  8 A and  8 B , to lock the W clips  140  in place, cotter pins  152 ,  154 ,  156 ,  158  are then pushed into the holes securing and locking the legs  142   m    146  of the w clips  140  to the tie plate  110 . 
     The other side of the rail  20  is similarly attached to the rail tie with another set of w clips  140  in a similar manner. 
     Second Embodiment 
     The new railroad tie plate embodiment  200  can be manufactured in a factory and replaces the old railroad tie plate. This happens when the railroad ties need replacing or when service work needs to be done. It also happens when new rail track is laid down. 
     A process for using invention will now be described which is similar to the process for installing the first embodiment above. A machine on the tracks pulls existing spikes out on a section of track. Then a machine, such as a crane, lifts the tracks high enough to remove the existing railroad tie plates. Then the wooden tie is pulled out from underneath the rails. Then new ties are inserted under the rails as they are still lifted up. Once the wooden ties are in place the new railroad tie plates  210  (shown in  FIGS.  9 - 12   ) are slid under the rail which is then lowered on to the plates  210 . 
     Each rail  20  sits between two bumps (elongated parallel elongated ridges  212 ,  216  on the rail tie plate  210  which form a pocket for the rail  20 . 
     Spikes  202 ,  204  (shown in  FIGS.  13 A- 13 B  are then driven into spike holes  213 ,  215  in the tie plate  210  and another pair of spikes (not shown) driven into another set of spike holes  217 ,  219 . 
       FIG.  9    is an upper perspective view of a second embodiment  200  of a tie plate  210  with vertical steel brackets  222 ,  224 ,  322 ,  324  for supporting steel rods to retain railroad spikes.  FIG.  10    is a top view of the tie plate  210  with vertical steel brackets  222 ,  224 ,  322 ,  324  of  FIG.  9   . 
       FIG.  11    is a side view of the tie plate  210  with vertical steel brackets  222 ,  224 ,  322 ,  324  of  FIG.  10    along arrow  11 X.  FIG.  12    is a front end view of the tie plate  210  with vertical steel brackets  222 ,  224 ,  322 ,  324  of  FIG.  10    along arrow  12 Y. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  9 - 12   , a rail tie plate  210  can have a first spike hole  213 , and second spike hole  215  running from a top side of the tie plate  210  through the elongated ridge  212 , through the bottom side of the tie plate  210 . The tie plate  210  can include a third spike hole  217 , and fourth spike hole  219  running from a top side of the tie plate  210  through the second elongated ridge  216 , through the bottom side of the tie plate  210 . 
     A first left bracket  222  can be welded to the outer side of the tie plate  210  along the left side of the first elongated ridge  212 , and a first right bracket  224  can be welded to an opposite outer side of the tie plate  210  along the right side of the first elongated ridge  212 . 
     A second left bracket  232  can be welded to the outer side of the tie plate  210  along the left side of the second elongated ridge  216 , and a second right bracket  224  can be welded to an opposite outer side of the tie plate  210  along the right side of the second elongated ridge  216 . 
     The vertical brackets  222 ,  224 ,  232 ,  234  can each have upper through-holes  223 ,  235 ,  233 ,  235  passing from one side of each bracket to an opposite side. 
       FIG.  13 A  is an upper perspective view of the tie plate  210  with vertical steel brackets  222 ,  224 ,  232 ,  234  of  FIGS.  10 - 12    mounted between a rail  20  and tie  30  with a steel rod  240  ready to be inserted through holes in the vertical brackets  222 ,  224 . One end or steel rod  240  with through-hole  241  is inserted into through-hole  225  of second vertical bracket  224  and then through through-hole  223  of first elongated bracket  222 . 
       FIG.  13 B  is an upper perspective view of  FIG.  13 A  with the steel rod mounted  240  through the holes  223 ,  225  in the first vertical brackets  222 ,  224  over the top of the spikes  202 ,  204  and locked in place with cotter pins  260  inserted into through-holes  241 ,  247  in the ends of first elongated rod  240 . As shown in  FIG.  13 B , a second elongated rod  250  having ends with through holes  251 ,  257  can be similarly mounted in second left vertical bracket  232 , and second right vertical bracket  234  and locked in place with additional cotter pins  260  to be used to retain another set of spikes (not shown) in place. 
     Third Embodiment 
     The new railroad tie plate embodiment  300  can be manufactured in a factory and replaces the old railroad tie plate. This happens when the railroad ties need replacing or when service work needs to be done. It also happens when new rail track is laid down. 
     A process for using invention will now be described which is similar to the process for installing the first and second embodiment above. A machine on the tracks pulls existing spikes out on a section of track. Then a machine, such as a crane, lifts the tracks high enough to remove the existing railroad tie plates. Then the wooden tie is pulled out from underneath the rails. Then new ties are inserted under the rails as they are still lifted up. Once the wooden ties are in place the new railroad tie plates  310  (shown in  FIGS.  9 - 12   ) are slid under the rail which is then lowered on to the plates  310 . 
     Each rail  20  sits between two bumps (elongated parallel elongated ridges  312 ,  316  on the rail tie plate  310  which form a pocket for the rail  20 . 
     Spikes  302 ,  304  (shown in  FIGS.  18 A- 18 B  are then driven into spike holes  313 ,  315  in the tie plate  210  and another pair of spikes (not shown) driven into another set of spike holes  317 ,  319 . 
       FIG.  14    is an upper perspective view of a third embodiment  300  of a tie plate with upwardly facing vertical studs  322 ,  324 ,  332 ,  334  having threaded ends for flat plates  340 ,  350  to be attached to retain railroad spikes. 
       FIG.  15    is a top view of the tie plate  310  with upwardly facing threaded end vertical studs  322 ,  324 ,  332 ,  334  of  FIG.  14   .  FIG.  16    is a side view of the tie plate  310  with upwardly facing threaded end vertical studs  322 ,  324 ,  332 ,  334  of  FIG.  15    along arrow  16 X.  FIG.  17    is a front end view of the tie plate  310  with upwardly facing threaded end vertical studs  322 ,  324 ,  332 ,  334  of  FIG.  15    along arrow  17 Y. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  14 - 17   , a rail tie plate  310  can have a first spike hole  313 , and second spike hole  315  running from a top side of the tie plate  310  through the first elongated ridge  312 , through the bottom side of the tie plate  310 . The tie plate  310  can include a third spike hole  317 , and fourth spike hole  319  running from a top side of the tie plate  310  through the second elongated ridge  316 , through the bottom side of the tie plate  310 . 
     A first left stud with threaded end  322  can be welded through the tie plate  310  along a left side of the first elongated ridge  312 , and a first right stud with threaded end  324  can be welded through the tie plate  310  along the right side of the first elongated ridge  312 . 
     A second left stud with threaded end  332  can be welded through the tie plate  310  along the left side of the second elongated ridge  316 , and a second right stud with threaded end  334  can be welded through the tie plate  310  along the right side of the second elongated ridge  316 . 
     The vertical oriented studs with threaded ends  322 ,  324 ,  332 ,  334  can each have upper through-holes  323 ,  325 ,  333 ,  335  passing from one side of each threaded ends to an opposite side. 
       FIG.  18 A  is an upper perspective view of the tie plate  310  of  FIGS.  14 - 17    mounted between a rail  20  and tie  30  with a flat plate about to be attached to the studs and nuts used on the threaded ends with cotter pins. 
       FIG.  18 B  is an upper perspective view of  FIG.  18 A  with the flat plate attached to the threaded ends of the vertical studs with nuts and washers over the top of the spikes  302 ,  304  and locked in place with cotter pins  360 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  18 B , a second flat plate  350  having ends with through holes  351 ,  357  can be similarly mounted in second left vertical stud with threaded end  332 , and second right vertical stud with threaded end  334  and locked in place with nuts &amp; washers  370  and additional cotter pins  360  to be used to retain another set of spikes (not shown) in place. 
     Fourth Embodiment 
       FIG.  19 A  is an upper perspective view of another unassembled spring clip tie plate  410  with w spring clip(s)  480  about to be attached in a fourth embodiment  400   
       FIG.  19 B  is an upper perspective view of  FIG.  19 A  with the w spring clip(s)  480  assembled with the spring clip tie plate  410  retaining the spikes  402 ,  404 . 
       FIG.  20    is an upper perspective view of a fourth embodiment  400  of the assembled spring clip tie plate  410  of  FIG.  19 B .  FIG.  21    is a top view of the assembled spring clip tie plate  410  of  FIG.  20   .  FIG.  22    is a side view of the assembled spring clip tie plate  410  of  FIG.  21    along arrow  22 X.  FIG.  23    is a front end view of the assembled spring clip tie plate  410  of  FIG.  21    along arrow  23 Y. 
       FIG.  24 A  is an upper perspective view of a w spring clip  480  used in  FIGS.  19 A- 19 B .  FIG.  24 B  is a top view of the w spring clip  480  of  FIG.  24 A .  FIG.  24 C  is a side view of the w spring clip of  FIG.  24 A  along arrow  24 C.  FIG.  24 D  is a front view of the w spring clip  480  of  FIG.  24 A  along arrow  24 D.  FIG.  24 E  is a rear view of the w spring clip  480  of  FIG.  24 A  along arrow  24 E. 
     The w spring clip  480  can be similar to the spring clip used and described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,520,330 to Brown et al., which is incorporated by reference in its&#39; entirety. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  24 A- 24 E , the w spring clip  480  can include a first leg  482  with groove/notch  483 , and a bent midportion  484 , and second leg  486  with groove/notch  487 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  19 A- 24 E , the fourth embodiment  400  can include a tie plate  410  having a first elongated ridge  412  parallel to a second elongated ridge  416  that is used to orient the rail  10  therebetween. 
     The tie plate  410  includes a first set of spike holes  413 ,  415  for allowing spikes  402 ,  404  to pass through adjacent to the first raised ridge  412  and a second set of spike holes spikes  417 ,  419  adjacent a second raised ridge  416  for allowing a second set of spikes (not shown) to pass through. The spikes are used to attach the tie plate to a railroad tie  30 . 
     The tie plate  410  includes a first pair of upwardly extending studs  422 ,  424  with threaded ends fixed to the tie plate  410  adjacent to the first raised ridge  412 , and a second pair of upwardly extending studs  432 ,  434  with threaded ends fixed to the tie plate  41 —adjacent to the second raised ridge  416 . 
     A first horizontal metal plate  440  can include upwardly facing first inverted L shaped brackets  442 ,  444 ,  446 ,  448 , and through-holes  441 ,  449  for allowing the threaded ends of the first studs  422 ,  424  to pass therethrough, with fasteners  470  for attaching the first horizontal plate  440  to the threaded ends of the first studs  422 ,  424 . The fasteners  470  can include nuts with or without washers. 
     The first inverted L shaped brackets,  442 ,  444 ,  446 ,  448  can be welded to an upper surface of the first horizontal plate  440  or forged thereon. 
     The tie plate  410  can include a second horizontal metal plate  450  with upwardly facing first inverted L shaped brackets  452 ,  454 ,  456 ,  458 , and through-holes  451 ,  459  for allowing the threaded ends of a second set of studs  432 ,  434  to pass therethrough, with fasteners  470  for attaching the second horizontal plate  450  to the threaded ends of the second studs  432 ,  434 . The fasteners  470  can include nuts with or without washers. 
     Similarly, the second inverted L shaped brackets,  452 ,  454 ,  456 ,  458  can be welded to an upper surface of the second horizontal plate  450  or forged thereon. 
     A pair of w shaped spring clips  480  can inserted into the first inverted L-shaped brackets  442 ,  444 ,  446 ,  448  with mid portions  484  of the w shaped spring clips  480  pushed over tops of the first set of spikes  402 ,  404  to retain the first set of spikes  402 ,  404  from coming out of the tie plate  410 . 
     Similarly, another pair of pair of w shaped spring clips  480  can inserted into the second inverted L-shaped brackets  452 ,  454 ,  456 ,  458  with mid portions  484  of the w shaped spring clips  480  pushed over tops of another pair of spikes (not shown) to retain another pair of spikes from coming out of the tie plate  410 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  19 A- 19 B,  20  and  21   , the horizontal plates  440 ,  450  can further be welded about perimeter edges to tie plate  410 . Fasteners  470  can further be welded to the studs  422 ,  424 ,  432 ,  434 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  19 A,  19 B, and  24 B , the overhanging angled lip edges on inverted L-shaped brackets  442 ,  444 ,  446 ,  448 ,  452 ,  454 ,  456 ,  458  can fit into and engage with the grooves (notches)  483 ,  487  on legs  482 ,  486  of the spring clip(s)  480 , locking the spring clip(s)  480  in place. 
       FIG.  19 C  is an upper perspective view of an alternative unassembled spring clip tie plate with w spring clip(s)  480  about to be attached in a fourth embodiment in  FIG.  19 A . 
       FIG.  19 D  is an upper perspective view of  FIG.  19 C  with the w spring clip(s)  480  assembled with the spring clip tie plate retaining the spikes. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  19 C- 19 D , upwardly protruding studs/rods  422 ,  424  without threaded ends can be used where the top of the studs/rods are heated and a hydraulic press, and the like, compresses the upper ends forming a head attaching a horizontal plate  440  to the tie plate  410 . Alternatively, the upper ends of the studs  422 ,  424  can be welded or forged to the horizontal plate  440 , and perimeter edges of horizontal plate  440  can be welded or forged to tie plate  410 . 
     Fifth Embodiment 
       FIG.  25 A  is an upper perspective view of another spring clip tie plate  520  with w spring clip(s)  580  about to be attached in a fifth embodiment  500 . 
       FIG.  25 B  is an upper perspective view of  FIG.  25 A  with the w spring clip(s)  580  assembled with the spring clip tie plate  510  retaining the spikes  502 ,  504 . 
       FIG.  26    is an upper perspective view of a fifth embodiment  500  of the spring clip tie plate  510  of  FIG.  25 B .  FIG.  27    is a top view of the spring clip tie plate  510  of  FIG.  26   .  FIG.  28    is a side view of the spring clip tie plate  520  of  FIG.  27    along arrow  28 X.  FIG.  29    is a front end view of the spring clip tie plate  510  of  FIG.  27    along arrow  29 Y. 
       FIG.  30 A  is an upper perspective view of a w spring clip  580  used in  FIGS.  25 A- 25 B .  FIG.  30 B  is a top view of the w spring clip  580  of  FIG.  30 A .  FIG.  30 C  is a side view of the w spring clip  580  of  FIG.  30 A  along arrow  30 C.  FIG.  30 D  is a front view of the w spring clip  580  of  FIG.  30 A  along arrow  30 D.  FIG.  30 E  is a rear view of the w spring clip  580  of  FIG.  30 A  along arrow  30 E. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  25 A- 30 E , the fifth embodiment  500  can include a metal tie plate  510 , with a first elongated ridge  512  running parallel to a second elongated ridge  516 . A first spike hole  513  and a second spike hole  515  pass through the first elongated ridge  512 , and a third spike hole  517  and fourth spike hole  519  pass through the second elongated ridge  516 . 
     A plurality of spaced apart left metal structures  540  can be fixed to the tie plate  510  adjacent to the first elongated ridge  512 . The plurality of left metal structures  540  can be welded and/or forged to the metal tie plate  510 . 
     In this preferred embodiment, the plurality of spaced apart left metal structures  540  can include a first left metal structure  542  with side through-hole  543 , second left metal structure  544  with side through-hole  545 , third left metal structure  546  with side through-hole  547 , and fourth left metal structure  548  with side through-hole  549 . Each of the left metal structures  540  having horizontal channel openings substantially parallel with each other. The horizontal channel openings of each of the plurality of spaced apart left metal structures  540  having longitudinal axes, substantially perpendicular to the first elongated ridge  512 . 
     The w shaped spring clip  580  can include a first leg  582 , with side through-hole  583 , a bent mid portion  584 , and a second leg  586  with side through-hole  587 . 
     The installer can insert the legs  582 ,  586  of one spring clip  580  into the horizontal channel openings of a pair of metal structures  542 ,  544 . Another spring clip  580  can have its&#39; legs  582 ,  586  into the horizontal channel openings of a second pair of metal structures  546 ,  548 . 
     The spring clips  580  can be locked to respective metal structures  542 ,  544  by one of the cotter pins  570  passing through a side through-hole  543  in a first left metal structure  542  and through a side through-hole  583  in the first leg  528  of the spring clip  580 . Another one of the cotter pins  570  can be passed through a side through-hole  545  in a second left metal structure  544  and through a side through-hole  587  in a second leg  586  of the spring clip  580 . Another spring clip  580  can be locked to a second pair of metal structures  546  and  548  with another one of the cotter pins  570  passing through adjacent through-holes  547   583  and adjacent through-holes  549 ,  587 . 
     A plurality of spaced apart right metal structures  560  can be fixed to the tie plate  510  adjacent to the second elongated ridge  516 . The plurality of right metal structures  560  can be welded and/or forged to the metal tie plate  510 . 
     In this preferred embodiment, the plurality of spaced apart right metal structures  560  can include a first right metal structure  562  with side through-hole  563 , second right metal structure  564  with side through-hole  565 , third right metal structure  566  with side through-hole  567 , and fourth left metal structure  568  with side through-hole  569 . Each of the right metal structures  560  having horizontal channel openings substantially parallel with each other. The horizontal channel openings of each of the plurality of spaced apart right metal structures  560  having longitudinal axes substantially perpendicular to the second elongated ridge  516 . Each of the plurality of right metal structures  560  can include a first right metal structure  562  with side through-hole  563 , second right metal structure  564  with side through-hole  565 , third right metal structure  566  with side through-hole  567  and fourth right metal structure  568  with side through-hole  569 . 
     Another set of spring clips  580  can be locked into the horizontal channel openings of the plurality of right metal structures  560  with additional cotter pins  570  in a similar manner to the cotter pins  570  used with the left plurality of metal structures  540 . 
     The bent midportions  584  of each spring clip  580  is pushed over a portion of each head of the spikes  502 ,  504  retaining the spikes  502 ,  504  in place. 
     The bent midportions  584  of each spring clip  580  is pushed over a portion of each head of the spikes  502 ,  504  retaining the spikes  502 ,  504  in place.  FIG.  25 B  shows the bent midportion  584  of the spring clip  580  pushed over the heads of the spikes  502 ,  504 . 
     Sixth Embodiment 
       FIG.  31 A  is an upper perspective view of another spring clip tie plate  620  with w spring clip(s)  680  about to be attached in a sixth embodiment  600 .  FIG.  31 B  is an upper perspective view of  FIG.  31 A  with the w spring clip(s)  680  assembled with the spring clip tie plate  610  retaining the spikes  602 ,  604 .  FIG.  32    is an upper perspective view of a sixth embodiment  600  of the spring clip tie plate  610  of  FIG.  31 B . 
       FIG.  33    is a top view of the spring clip tie plate  610  of  FIG.  32   .  FIG.  34    is a side view of the spring clip tie plate  610  of  FIG.  33    along arrow  34 X.  FIG.  35    is a front end view of the spring clip tie plate  610  of  FIG.  33    along arrow  35 Y. 
       FIG.  36 A  is an upper perspective view of a w spring clip  680  used in  FIGS.  31 A- 31 B .  FIG.  36 B  is a top view of the w spring clip  680  of  FIG.  36 A .  FIG.  36 C  is a side view of the w spring clip  680  of  FIG.  36 A  along arrow  36 C.  FIG.  36 D  is a front view of the w spring clip  680  of  FIG.  36 A  along arrow  36 D.  FIG.  36 E  is a rear view of the w spring clip  680  of  FIG.  36 A  along arrow  36 E. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  31 A- 36 E , the sixth embodiment  600  can include a metal tie plate  610 , with a first elongated ridge  612  running parallel to a second elongated ridge  616 . A first spike hole  613  and a second spike hole  615  pass through the first elongated ridge  612 , and a third spike hole  617  and fourth spike hole  619  pass through the second elongated ridge  616 . 
     A plurality of spaced apart left metal structures  640  can be fixed to the tie plate  610  adjacent to the first elongated ridge  612 . The plurality of left metal structures  640  can be welded and/or forged to the metal tie plate  610 . 
     In this preferred embodiment, the plurality of spaced apart left metal structures  640  can include a first left metal structure  642  with side through-hole  643 , second left metal structure  644  with side through-hole  645 , third left metal structure  646  with side through-hole  647 , and fourth left metal structure  648  with side through-hole  649 . Each of the left metal structures  640  having angled channel openings substantially parallel with each other. The angle channel openings of each of the plurality of spaced apart left metal structures  640  having longitudinal axes substantially perpendicular to the first elongated ridge  612 . 
     The w shaped spring clip  680  can include a first leg  682 , with side through-hole  683 , a bent mid portion  684 , and a second leg  686  with side through-hole  687 . 
     The installer can insert the legs  682 ,  686  of one spring clip  680  into the angled channel openings of a pair of metal structures  642 ,  644 . Another spring clip  680  can have its&#39; legs  682 ,  686  into the angled channel openings of a second pair of metal structures  646 ,  648 . 
     The spring clips  680  can be locked to respective metal structures  642 ,  644  by one of the cotter pins  670  passing through a side through-hole  543  in a first left metal structure  542  and through a side through-hole  583  in the first leg  528  of the spring clip  580 . Another one of the cotter pins  570  can be passed through a side through-hole  645  in a second left metal structure  644  and through a side through-hole  687  in a second leg  686  of the spring clip  680 . Another spring clip  680  can be locked to a second pair of metal structures  646  and  648  with another pair of cotter pins  570  passing through adjacent through-holes  647   683  and adjacent through-holes  649 ,  687 . 
     A plurality of spaced apart right metal structures  660  can be fixed to the tie plate  610  adjacent to the second elongated ridge  616 . The plurality of right metal structures  660  can be welded and/or forged to the metal tie plate  610 . 
     In this preferred embodiment, the plurality of spaced apart right metal structures  660  can include a first right metal structure  662  with side through-hole  663 , second right metal structure  664  with side through-hole  665 , third right metal structure  666  with side through-hole  667 , and fourth left metal structure  668  with side through-hole  669 . Each of the right metal structures  660  having angled channel openings substantially parallel with each other. The angled channel openings of each of the plurality of spaced apart right metal structures  660  having longitudinal axes, substantially perpendicular to the second elongated ridge  616 . Each of the plurality of right metal structures  660  can include a first right metal structure  662  with side through-hole  663 , second right metal structure  664  with side through-hole  665 , third right metal structure  666  with side through-hole  667  and fourth right metal structure  668  with side through-hole  669 . 
     Another set of spring clips  680  can be locked into the angled channel openings of the plurality of right metal structures  660  with additional cotter pins  670  in a similar manner to the cotter pins  670  used with the left plurality of metal structures  640 . 
     The bent midportions  684  of each spring clip  680  is pushed over a portion of each head of the spikes  602 ,  604  retaining the spikes  602 ,  604  in place.  FIG.  31 B  shows the bent midportion  684  of the spring clip  680  pushed over the heads of the spikes  602 ,  604 . 
     Although the embodiments show the use of pins, such as cotter pins being used, other types of fasteners, such as but not limited to screws with or without nuts and washers, and the like can also be used. 
     While the above embodiments describe attaching base plates to tie plates, and attaching metal brackets and metal parts to metal tie plates by welding, other types of attachment techniques can be used, such as but not limited to mechanical attachments, and any other way of forming attachments, such as but not limited to forging, and the like. 
     The w spring clips can further be attached to mechanical structures shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,520,330 to Brown et al., which is incorporated by reference. 
       700  Seventh Embodiment 
       FIG.  37 A  is an upper perspective side view of a seventh embodiment of a concave back C clip  780 .  FIG.  37 B  is a side view of the concave back C clip  780  of  FIG.  37 A .  FIG.  37 C  is a front end left end view of the concave back C-clip  780  of  FIG.  37 B .  FIG.  37 D  is a rear end right end view of the concave back C-clip  780  of  FIG.  37 B .  FIG.  37 E  is a top side view of the concave back C-clip  780  of  FIG.  37 A .  FIG.  37 F  is a bottom side view of the concave back C-clip  780  of  FIG.  37 A .  FIG.  37 G  is a lower perspective side view of the C-clip of  FIG.  37 A . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  37 A- 37 G , concave back C-clip  380  can be formed from spring steel and include a leg  382  with concave top side and convex lower side with leg end  783 , and an upward curved edge  784 , downward curved edge  786  and outer hook end  788 . 
       FIG.  38 A  is an exploded perspective view of using a left and right pairs of the C-clips  780  of  FIGS.  37 A- 37 G  with a left and right double box housing structures  710  for holding spikes  402 ,  404  down through a rail tie plate  310  about a railroad tie  20 . 
       FIG.  38 B  is an assembled perspective view of the seventh embodiment  700  of  FIG.  38 A . 
       FIG.  38 C  is a top view of the assembled view of  FIG.  38 B . 
       FIG.  39    is a front end view of  FIG.  38 C  along arrows  39 . 
       FIG.  40    is a cross-sectional view of  FIG.  38 C  along arrows  40 . 
       FIGS.  37 A through  37    G shows a C shaped Elastic C clip made of spring steel going through a baseplate in  FIGS.  38 A and  39    B,  38  C,  39  and  40 . 
     Railroad tie  20  sits on top of a railroad tie plate  310  between a front elongated ridge  312  and rear elongated ridge  314  (not shown). 
     Before assembly, the rail  20  is set on top of the railroad tie plate  310  between the shoulders  312 ,  314  of the rail tie plate  310 , then the spikes  402 ,  404  are driven into the wooden railroad ties. 
     A double box housing structure  710  has a left rectangular vertical frame  712  with a left rectangular frame base  713  and a right rectangular vertical frame  714  with right rectangular frame base  715 . 
     A double box housing structure  710  is is already attached to the tie plate  310  on both the left side and right side of the railroad tie  20 . 
     Each double box housing structure  710  includes a left support tab  722  with through-hole  723  in left support tab, middle support tab  724  connects each box housing structure together, through-hole  725  in middle support tab  724  and right support tab  726  with through-hole  727  in right support tab. 
     Rivets  750  can attach each double box housing structure  710  to the tie plate  310 . 
     The C-clips are pressed into the left vertical fame  712  and right vertical frame  714  so that the downwardly curved edge  786  sits within each frame base  713 ,  715 , and the lower convex surface of the leg  782  presses down on the top of the heads of spikes  402 ,  404 . 
     Similar C-clips  780  are shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,782,406 to Lgwemezzie, which is incorporated by reference in its&#39; entirety. shows an assembly which is designed to be embedded in a concrete railroad tie. Concrete railroad ties do not have railroad tie plates as the rail sits on a rubber pad and sits directly on the concrete with just a rubber pad in between. This expired patent only holds the rail to the concrete tie. 
       FIG.  41 A  is an exploded perspective view of using a left and right C-clips  780  of  FIGS.  37 A- 37 G  with a left and right box housing structures  730  and raised auxiliary plates  760  for holding spikes  402 ,  404  through a rail tie plate  310  about a railroad tie  20 . 
       FIG.  41 B  is another exploded view of  FIG.  41 A  with lowered auxiliary plates  760 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  41 A- 41 B , a left and right single box housing structure  730  can be used on both sides of the railroad  20 . Each single box housing structure  730  can include a rectangular vertical frame  732 , rectangular frame base  733  with left support tab  742  and through-hole  743  and right support tab  746  with through-hole  747 . 
     A left and right auxiliary plate(s)  760  can be used on both sides of the rail road  20 . Each auxiliary plate  760  can have a left notch  762  for a left spike  402  and a right notch  766  for a right spike  404 , with a rectangular cut-out  764 . 
     Metal bars  770  can be welded on top of the notches  762 ,  766 . 
       FIG.  41 C  is an assembled perspective view of  FIGS.  41 A and  41 B . 
       FIG.  42    is a top view of the assembled view of  FIG.  41 V . 
       FIG.  43    is a front end view of  FIG.  42    along arrows  43 . 
       FIG.  44    is a cross-sectional view of  FIG.  42    along arrows  44 . 
     Before assembly, the rail  20  is set on top of the railroad tie plate  310  between the shoulders  312 ,  314  of the rail tie plate  310 , then the spikes  402 ,  404  are driven into the wooden railroad ties. 
     Each single box housing structure  730  can be attached to the tie plate  310  by rivets  750 . 
       FIG.  41    B shows an auxiliary plate  760  with notches  762 ,  766  where the spike head has metal surrounding the spike heads. The reason for this is the C clip  780  is pushed towards the rail  20 . The spike heads surrounded by the auxiliary plate  760  keeps the plate from sliding forward when the clip  780  is pushed over the auxiliary plate  760 . The auxiliary plate  760  is about the thickness of the spike head so the notches  762 ,  766  provide a space where the spike heads can sit as the spike head would be even with the top of the auxiliary plate  760 . so that the auxiliary plate  760  can sit flush on top of the rail foot. Retaining bars  770  would be pre-welded in a factory across the tops of the spike head cutouts  762 ,  766 .  FIGS.  41 B,  41 C,  42 ,  43 ,  44    also show a single box housing structure  730  fixedly attached to the railroad tie plate  310 . 
     The C clip  780  is pressed into the retaining baseplate. housing structure 
     Installation is as follows: The rail road tie is laid down. Then the railroad tie plate  310  is set on the tie, the rail  20  is then laid between the shoulders of the railroad tie plate  310 , the spikes  402 ,  404  are driven. Then the auxiliary plate  760  is set in place and the notches  762 ,  766  are aligned over the spike heads with the pre-welded bars  770  covering the spike heads to retain them in place. Then the C clip  780  is pressed through the housing structure  730  and the foot of the C clip  780  pushes down on the auxiliary plate  760  which hold both the rail  20  down and retains the spikes  402 ,  404 . 
     The C-clips  780  are pressed into the rectangular vertical frame  732  so that the downward curved edge  786  is located in the rectangular frame base  733  and the lower convex surface of each leg  782  presses down on the top of the auxiliary plate  760  holding down the heads of spikes  402 ,  404 . 
       800  Eighth Embodiment—Convex back C clip 
       FIG.  45 A  is an upper perspective side view of a eighth embodiment of a convex back C clip  880  with extending tail.  FIG.  45 B  is a side view of the convex back C clip  880  of  FIG.  45 A .  FIG.  45 C  is a front end left end view of the convex back C-clip  880  of  FIG.  45 B .  FIG.  45 D  is a rear end right end view of the convex back C-clip  880  of  FIG.  45 B .  FIG.  45 E  is a top side view of the convex back C-clip  880  of  FIG.  45 A . 
       FIG.  45 F  is a bottom side view of the convex back C-clip  880  of  FIG.  45 A . 
       FIG.  45 G  is a lower perspective side view of the C-clip  880  of  FIG.  45 A . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  45 A- 456 G , the flat convex back C clip with extended tail  880  can include a leg  882  (tail) with concave top side &amp; convex lower side with leg end  883 , upward curved hook  884 , and hook end  885 . 
       FIG.  46 A  is an exploded perspective view of an eight embodiment  800  using a left and right pairs of the C-clips  880  of  FIGS.  45 A- 45 G  with left and right double box housing structures  810  for holding spikes  402 ,  404  down through a rail tie plate  310  about a railroad tie  20 . 
       FIG.  46 B  is an assembled perspective view of  FIG.  45 A . 
       FIG.  47    is a top view of the assembled view of  FIG.  46 B . 
       FIG.  48    is a front end view of  FIG.  47    along arrows  48 . 
       FIG.  49    is a cross-sectional view of  FIG.  47    along arrows  49 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  46 A- 49   , a pair of double box housing structure with upper slots  810  are shown on each side of a rail  20 . Each double box structure  880  can include a left rectangular vertical frame  812  with upper slot  813 , a right rectangular vertical frame  814  with upper slot  815 , a left support tab  822  with through-hole  823 , a middle support tab  824  with through-hole  825 , and a right support tab  826  with through-hole  827 . Rivets  850  can pass through the tab through-holes to attach the double housing structure  810  to the tie plate  310 .  FIG.  45 A through  45    G show a C clip made of spring steel with an extended tail. 
       FIGS.  46 A   46 B  47   48  and  49  show the C clip with extended tale  880  with hook end  885  going through the upper slots  813 ,  815  in the double box housing structure, which is being fixedly attached by rivets to the railroad tie plate  310 . The C clips  880  are shown being pressed in t0 the rectangular vertical frames  812 ,  814  and the concave surface of the leg (tail) tail presses down on the railroad spikes  402 ,  404  and the leg (tai) holding both the rail  20  and spikes  402 ,  404  down. 
       FIG.  50 A  is an exploded perspective view of using a left and right C-clips  880  of  FIGS.  45 A- 45 G  with a left and right box housing structures  830  and raised auxiliary plates  860  for holding spikes  402 ,  404  through a rail tie plate  310  about a rail  20 . 
       FIG.  50 B  is another exploded view of  FIG.  50 A  with lowered auxiliary plates  860 . 
       FIG.  50 C  is an assembled perspective view of  FIGS.  50 A- 50 B . 
       FIG.  51    is a top view of the assembled view of  FIG.  50 C . 
       FIG.  52    is a front end view of  FIG.  51    along arrows  52 . 
       FIG.  53    is a cross-sectional view of  FIG.  51    along arrows  53 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  50 A- 53   , auxiliary plate  860  can include left spike notch  862 , and right spike notch  864  with bars  870  welded thereon. The auxiliary plate  860  can include a rectangular cut-out  864  along one side. 
       FIG.  50 A  is an exploded view of a rail section railroad tie plate  310 , an auxiliary plate  860  with spike hold down bars  870  welded across the spike head cutouts (notches)  862 ,  866 , and a single box housing structure  830  for the inverted C clip  880  with an extended tail and railroad spikes  402 ,  404 . 
       FIG.  50 B  shows the auxiliary plate  860  set in place and the single box housing structure  830  and C clip  880  with the extended leg (tail). 
       FIG.  50 C  shows the assembly in place with the C clip  880  pressed into the rectangular vertical frame  832  and the extended leg (tail)  882  holding the auxiliary plate  860  down which holds the rail  20  down and the spikes  402 ,  404 . 
       900  Ninth Embodiment—Double Hook Flat C Clip 
       FIG.  54 A  is an upper side perspective view of a double hook flat C-clip  980 .  FIG.  54 B  is a side view of the double hook flat C-clip  980  of  FIG.  54 A . 
       FIG.  54 C  is a front end view of the double hook flat C-clip  980  of  FIG.  54 A . 
       FIG.  54 D  is a rear end view of the double hook flat C-clip  980  of  FIG.  54 A . 
       FIG.  54 E  is a top view of the double hook flat C-clip  980  of  FIG.  54 A . 
       FIG.  54 F  is a bottom view of the double hook flat C-clip  980  of  FIG.  54 A . 
       FIG.  54 G  is a lower side perspective view of the double hook flat C-clip  980  of  FIG.  54 A . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  54 A- 54 G , the C-clip  980  can include a left inwardly facing hook  982 , flat top  984 , right inwardly facing hook  986  and stepped space  988  between hook ends. 
       FIG.  55 A  is an exploded perspective view of using left and right pairs of the double hook flat C-clips  980  of  FIGS.  54 A- 54 G  with a left and right double box housing structures  910  with side slots for holding spikes  402 ,  404  down through a rail tie plate  310  about a rail  20 . 
       FIG.  55 B  is an assembled perspective view of  FIG.  55 A . 
       FIG.  56    is a top view of the assembled view of  FIG.  57   . 
       FIG.  57    is a front end view of  FIG.  56    along arrows  48 . 
       FIG.  58    is a cross-sectional view of  FIG.  56    along arrows  58 .  FIG.  5 A . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  54 A- 58   , the double box housing structure  910  with side slots, can include a left box structure  912  with side slot  913 , a right box structure  914  with side slot  915 , and a left support tab and through-hole  922 / 923 , a middle tab and through-hole  924 / 925  and right tab and through-hole  926 / 927  that allow for rivets to attach the double box housing structure  910  to the tie plate  310 . 
       FIGS.  54 A through  54 G  show a somewhat closed C clip (double hook flat C-clip  980 ) which is designed to pass over the top of its single box structure  930  with left inwardly facing hook  982  hooked into side slots  913 / 915  and curves back around over the top of the baseplate to right inwardly facing hook  986  to hold down the rail spikes  402 ,  404 . 
       FIG.  55 A  shows the rail the railroad tie plate  310  the double box housing structure  910  which will be fixedly attached to the railroad tie plate  310  and the somewhat double hook flat C-clip  980  which are made of spring steel. 
       FIG.  55 B  shows the whole assembly installed with the double hook flat C-clips  980  pressed in to hold both spikes  402 ,  404  and rail  20  down. 
       FIG.  56    is a top view of  FIG.  55 B   
       FIG.  57    is a front view of  FIG.  56    along arrows  57 . 
       FIG.  58    is a cross-sectional view of  FIG.  56    along arrows  58 . 
       FIG.  59 A  is an exploded perspective view of using a left and right double hook flat C-clips  980  of  FIGS.  54 A- 54 G  with a left and right box housing structures  930  with side slots and raised auxiliary plates  960  for holding spikes  402 ,  404  through a rail tie plate  310  about a rail  20 . 
       FIG.  59 B  is another exploded view of  FIG.  59 A  with lowered auxiliary plates. 
       FIG.  59 C  is an assembled perspective view of  FIGS.  59 A- 59 B . 
       FIG.  60    is a top view of the assembled view of  FIG.  59 C . 
       FIG.  61    is a front end view of  FIG.  60    along arrows  61 . 
       FIG.  62    is a cross-sectional view of  FIG.  60    along arrows  62 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  591 - 62   , the single box structure with side slot  930  includes a single box structure  932  and side slot  933 , and left support tab and through-hole  942 ,  943  and right support tab and through-hole  946 ,  947  and rivets  950  that fixably attach the single box structure(s)  930  to the tie plate  310 . 
     An auxiliary plate  960  can include left spike notch  962  and right spike notch  966  along with metal bars  970  that can be welded over the notches  962 ,  964 , and rectangular cut-out  964  along one side. Right inwardly facing hook  982  can fit into side slot  933 , and opposite facing right inwardly facing hook  986  presses against auxiliary plate  960 . 
       FIG.  59 A  shows an exploded view of the rail  20 , the auxiliary plate  960 , the railroad tie plate  310  the single box structure(s)  930 , the double hook flat C-clips  980 , and spikes  402 ,  404 . 
       FIG.  59 B  shows the single box structure(s)  930  is position over the rail  20  and spikes  402 ,  404 , and the double hook flat C-clips  980 . 
       FIG.  59 C  shows the auxiliary plate  960  installed over the spike heads  402 ,  404  and on top of the rail  20  foot with the double hook flat C-clips  980  press in locking in to place on top of the auxiliary plate  960  which hold both the rail  20  and spikes  402 ,  404  in place. 
       1000  Tenth Embodiment Double Hook Two Wire C Clip 
       FIG.  63 A  is an upper front side perspective view of a double hook two wire C clip  1080 .  FIG.  63 B  is a side view of a double hook two wire C clip  1080  of  FIG.  63 A .  FIG.  63 C  is a front end view of a double hook two wire C clip  1080  of  FIG.  63 A .  FIG.  63 D  is a rear end view of a double hook two wire C clip  1080  of  FIG.  63 A .  FIG.  63 E  is a top view of a double hook two wire C  1080  clip of  FIG.  63 A .  FIG.  63 F  is a bottom view of a double hook two wire C clip  1080  of  FIG.  63 A . 
       FIG.  63 G  is a lower rear side perspective view of a double hook two wire C clip  1080  of  FIG.  63 A . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  63 A- 63 G , the double hook two wire C clip  1080  can include a front end with an inwardly facing hook  1082 , and generally flat top  1084 , and a rear end with an inwardly facing hook  1086 , along with a stepped space  1088  between hook ends of hooks  1082 ,  1086 . 
       FIG.  64 A  is an exploded perspective view of using a left and right pairs of the double hook two wire C clips  1080  of  FIGS.  63 A- 63 G  with a left and right double box housing structures  1010  with side slots for holding spikes  402 ,  404  down through a rail tie plate  310  about a rail  20 . 
       FIG.  64 B  is an assembled perspective view of  FIG.  64 A . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  63 A- 64 B , a double box housing structure with side slots  1010  can be positioned on both sides of a rail  20 . Each double box housing structure  1010  can include a left box structure  1012  with side slot  103 , and a right box structure  1014  with side slot  1015 . A left tab with through-hole  1022 / 1023 , a middle tab with through-hole  1024 / 1025  and a right tab with through-hole  1026 / 1027  can mount the double box housing structure  1010  to the tie plate with rivets  1050 . 
       FIGS.  63 A through  63 G  show a similar closed off C clip to clips  980  (in  FIGS.  54 A- 54 G ) but it being made of a spring steel wire/rod material. Its construction is easier to fabricate and serves the same function as the solid clips  980  (in  FIGS.  54 A- 54 G ) closed off version. 
     Both the solid closed of C ( 980  (in  FIGS.  54 A- 54 G )) and wire rod versions ( FIGS.  63 A- 64 G ) are well known in the industry and are both are in the public domain. See for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,067,947 to Deenik et al.; 3,939,617 to Eisses; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,399,941 to Lubbers, which are all incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
       FIG.  64 A  shows the rail the rail road tie plate  310  the double box housing structure(s)  1010  which are to be fixedly attached to the railroad tie plates  310  the rod/wire C clips ( 1080   FIGS.  63 A- 64 G ) and the spikes  402 ,  404 . 
       FIG.  64 B  shows the C clips  1080  pressed in to the side slots  1013 ,  1015  of the housing structure(s)  1010 ) with the top  1084  of the C clips  1080  pushed up and over the top of the left box structure  1012  and right box structure  1014  snapping down into position with the right inwardly facing hook(s)  1082  over the spike heads  402 ,  404  holding both the spikes  402 ,  404  and the rail d20 down. 
       FIG.  65 A  is an exploded perspective view of using a left and right double hook two wire C clips  1080  of  FIGS.  63 A- 63 G  with a left and right single box housing structures  1030  with side slots and raised auxiliary plates  1060  for holding spikes  402 ,  404  through a rail tie plate  310  about a rail  20 . 
       FIG.  65 B  is another exploded view of  FIG.  65 A  with lowered auxiliary plates  1060 . 
       FIG.  65 C  is an assembled perspective view of  FIGS.  65 A- 65 B . 
       FIG.  66    is a top view of the assembled view of  FIG.  65 C . 
       FIG.  67    is a front end view of  FIG.  66    along arrows  67 . 
       FIG.  68    is a cross-sectional view of  FIG.  60    along arrows  68 . 
     Referring  FIGS.  65 A- 68   , single box structure with side slot  1030  can be attached to the tie plate  310  on both sides of the rail  20 . 
     Each single box structure  1030  can include a single box  1032  with side slot  1033 , a left tab with through-hole  1042 / 1043  and a right tab with through-hole  1046 / 1047 , and rivets  1050  for fixably attaching the single box structures  1010  to the tie plate  310 . 
       FIG.  65 A  shows the rail the auxiliary plate  1060  with the pre-welded bars  1070  across the spike cutouts (notches)  1062 ,  1064 , the wire rod clips  1080 , the single box structure(s)  1030 , the railroad tie plate  310 , spikes  402 ,  404  and a single box structure(s)  1030  with side slot  1033  for the C clip  1080  which will be fixedly attached to the railroad tie plate  310 . 
       FIG.  65 B  shows the bars  1070  over the cutouts (notches)  1062 ,  1064  in the auxiliary plate  106  said bars  1070  are pre-welded over the cutouts  1062 ,  1064  in a factory. 
       FIG.  65 C  shows the auxiliary plate  1060  installed over the top of the spike heads  402 ,  404  and on top of the rail  20  foot. 
     The left inwardly facing hook  1082  of the C clip(s)  1080  are pressed into slot(s)  1033  and flat top  1084  passes over the top of the single box structure  1032  with the right inwardly facing hook  1086  snapping in to place over the auxiliary plate  1060  to hold both the rail  20  and spikes  402 ,  404  down. 
       1100  Eleventh Embodiment G clip 
       FIG.  69 A  is an upper perspective view of the G-clip  1180 .  FIG.  69 B  is a lower perspective view of the G-clip  1180  of  FIG.  69 A .  FIG.  69 C  is a top view of the G-clip  1180  of  FIG.  69 A .  FIG.  69 D  is a bottom view of the G-clip  1180  of  FIG.  69 A .  FIG.  69 E  is a right perspective view of the G-clip  1180  of  FIG.  69 A . 
       FIG.  69 F  is a left perspective view of the G-clip  1180  of  FIG.  69 A . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  69 A- 69 F , the G-clip  1180  can include flat protruding end  1182 , first bend,  1184 , second bend  1186  and straight end  1188 , made of spring steel, are well known in the rail industry. 
     As described in the background section, G-clips are well known. See for example E813 RAIL CLIP, E187 RAIL CLIP, and E2055 RAIL CLIP, manufactured by Hanzi Industrial International Co., Ltd, of SHANGHAI, CHINA. See for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,050,284 to Miller, which is incorporated by reference in its&#39; entirety. 
       FIG.  70 A  is an exploded view of the G-clips  1180  with collars  110  and raised auxiliary plates  1160  with pre-welded bars  1170  on both sides of the rail  20 , above the spikes  402 ,  404  in the tie plate  310 . 
       FIG.  70 B  is another exploded view of  FIG.  70 B  with auxiliary plates  1160  with pre-welded bars  1170  on top of the spike  402 ,  403  heads and footer edge of the rail  20 . 
       FIG.  70 C  is an assembled view of  FIG.  70 A- 70 B  with collars  1110  fixably attached to the tie plate  310  with the G-clips  1180  attached thereto pressing down on both the auxiliary plates  1160  over the spike heads  402 ,  403  and on the footer edge of the rail  20 . 
       FIG.  71    is a top view of the assembled view of  FIG.  70 C . 
       FIG.  72    is a front end view of  FIG.  71    along arrows  72 . 
       FIG.  73    is a cross-sectional view of  FIG.  71    along arrows  73 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  70 A- 73   , each collar  1110  can include a front curved end  112  and base  114  with downwardly extending stud  116 . The auxiliary plate  1160  can include a left notch  1162 , middle rectangular section  1164  and right notch  1166 , with a bar  1170  pre-welded over the notches  1162 ,  1116 . 
       FIG.  70 A  shows a rail  20 , a G-clip  1180 , a retaining collar f 110  for the G clip  1180 , an auxiliary plate  1160  with a pre welded bar  1170  over the spike head cutouts (notches)  1162 ,  1166  in the auxiliary plate  1160 , spikes  402 ,  403  and a railroad tie plate  310 . The collar  1110  is fixedly attached to the railroad tie plate  310  by a stud  1116  on the bottom of the collar  1110  which is inserted in to the rail road tie plate  310  through an aperture whereby the stud on the backside of the plate  310  Is heated and a head is forged to firmly hold the collar  1110  in place. The collar  1110  can also be welded to the railroad tie plate  310 .  FIG.  70 B  shows the auxiliary plate  1160  installed over the top of the spike heads  402 ,  403  and sitting on top of the rail foot edge of the rail  20 . 
       FIG.  70    C shows the straight leg end  1188  of the G-clip  1180  pressed into the collar  1110  under the front curved end  1112 , and the foot (flat protruding end  1182 ) of the G-clip  1180  pressing down on top of the auxiliary plate  1160  holding the rail  20  and the spikes  402 ,  403  down. 
       1200  Twelfth Embodiment E Clip 
       FIG.  74 A  is an upper perspective view of a W-clip  1280 .  FIG.  74 B  is a top view of the W-clip  1280  of  FIG.  74 A .  FIG.  74 C  is a bottom view of the W-clip  1280  of  FIG.  74 A .  FIG.  74 D  is a right side view of the W-clip  1280  of  FIG.  74 A .  FIG.  74 E  is a rear end view of the W-clip  1280  of  FIG.  74 A .  FIG.  74 F  is a front end view of the W-clip  1280  of  FIG.  74 A . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  74 A- 74 F , the W-clip includes left leg  1282 , notch  1283  on left leg end  1282 , left bend  1284 , middle bend  1285 , right bend  1286 , right leg  1288 , and notch  1289  on right leg end  1288 . 
       FIG.  75 A  is an exploded perspective view of the W-clips  1280 , clip holder structure  1210 , raised auxiliary plate  1260  with pre-welded bars  1270  above a tie plate  310  on both sides of a rail  20 . 
       FIG.  75 B  is another exploded perspective view of  FIG.  75 A  with the auxiliary plate  1260  with pre-welded bars  1270  installed on both sides of a rail  20 . 
       FIG.  75 C  is an assembled perspective view of  FIGS.  74 A- 74 B  with W-clips  1280  pressed into the holder structure  1210 , which is riveted to the tie plate  310  by rivets  1250 . 
       FIG.  76    is a top view of the assembled view of  FIG.  75 C .  FIG.  77    is a front end view of  FIG.  76    along arrows  77 .  FIG.  78    is a cross-sectional view of  FIG.  76    along arrows  78 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  75 A- 79   , a clip holder structure  1210  can include a base plate  1220 , a left tab  1222 , with through-hole  1223 , a raised middle section  1224 , a right tab  1226  with through-hole  1227 . On top of the middle section  1224  can be a left facing bracket  1230  and right facing bracket  1240 . Rivets  1250  can be used to fixably attach the clip holder structure  1210  to the tie plate  1310 . 
       FIGS.  74 A through  74 F  show a W Clip  1280  which is made of spring steel.  FIG.  75 A  shows a rail an auxiliary plate  1260  with a pre welded bar(s)  1270  over the top of the spike head cutouts  1262 ,  1266 , a clip holder structure  1210  and base plate  1220  with L shaped brackets  1230 ,  1240 , a W clip  1280  with notches  1283 ,  1289  on the legs  1282 ,  1288  of the W clip  1280  to lock the W-clip  1280  in place with the L brackets  1230 ,  1240  on the base plate  1220 , a railroad tie plate  310  where the baseplate  1220  with L brackets  1230 ,  1240  is fixedly attached to the railroad tie plate  310  and spikes  402 ,  404 . 
       FIG.  75 B  shows the auxiliary plate  1260  over the top of the spike heads  402 ,  404  and sitting on top of the foot edge of the rail  20 . 
       FIG.  75 C  shows the W-Clip  1280  pressed into the base plate  1230  with the notches  1283 ,  1289  in Legs  1282 ,  1288  of the W-clip  1280  secured in to the 
     L shaped brackets  1230 ,  1240  on the base plate  1220 . The W-clip  1280  is pressing down on the auxiliary plate  1260  which is holding down both the rail  20  and the spikes  402 ,  404 . 
     While the embodiments show and describe retaining railroad spikes to rail ties, the embodiments can be used to retain railroad screw shaped spikes to rail ties. 
     Although fasteners, such as nuts and washers are shown and described, other types of fasteners can be used, such as but not limited to locking washers, and the like. Parts can be attached together by welding, forging, heating with and without hydraulic presses and the like. 
     While some embodiments reference using upwardly protruding studs with threaded ends for nuts to attach metal plates to the metal tie plate, other techniques can be used to fasten metal parts together. 
     For example, an upwardly protruding rod without a threaded end can be used where the rod is heated and a hydraulic press compresses the upper end forming a head attaching a horizontal plate to the tie plate. See for example,  FIG.  19 B , and anywhere nuts and washers were referenced. 
     The upwardly protruding rod can initially be a stud with a head on one end that is pushed up through holes in the tie plate, and the head of the stud can be welded to the undersurface of the tie plate. Afterward a horizontal plate can be attached to the tie plate as previously described. 
     This new railroad tie plate invention is very important to the safety of the railroad industry. Currently rail spikes are constantly coming out and with the constant pounding of the freight trains no method of keeping them in exists. 
     Lag screws are also prone to coming loose and this causes the rail gauge too separate causing train derailments. 
     A Global rail infrastructure company sees the value in this invention. 
     It could save countless lives and many millions of dollars in damage caused by train derailments. 
     Although specific advantages have been enumerated above, various embodiments may include some, none, or all of the enumerated advantages. 
     Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the systems, apparatuses, and methods described herein without departing from the scope of the disclosure. For example, the components of the systems and apparatuses may be integrated or separated. Moreover, the operations of the systems and apparatuses disclosed herein may be performed by more, fewer, or other components and the methods described may include more, fewer, or other steps. Additionally, steps may be performed in any suitable order. As used in this document, “each” refers to each member of a set or each member of a subset of a set. 
     To aid the Patent Office and any readers of any patent issued on this application in interpreting the claims appended hereto, applicants wish to note that they do not intend any of the appended claims or claim elements to invoke 35 U.S.C. 112(f) unless the words “means for” or “step for” are explicitly used in the particular claim. 
     While the invention has been described, disclosed, illustrated and shown in various terms of certain embodiments or modifications which it has presumed in practice, the scope of the invention is not intended to be, nor should it be deemed to be, limited thereby and such other modifications or embodiments as may be suggested by the teachings herein are particularly reserved especially as they fall within the breadth and scope of the claims here appended.