Patent Publication Number: US-9405191-B2

Title: Resin, resist composition and method for producing resist pattern

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to Japanese Application No. 2014-187425 filed on Sep. 16, 2014. The entire disclosures of Japanese Application No. 2014-187425 is incorporated hereinto by reference. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The disclosure relates to a resin, a resist composition and a method for producing resist pattern. 
     2. Related Art 
     A resist composition including a resin having a combination of structural units below, a resin having an acid-labile group and an acid generator is described in Patent document of JP2014-41346A. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The disclosure provides following inventions of &lt;1&gt; to &lt;10&gt;. 
     &lt;1&gt; A resist composition includes 
     (A1) a resin which includes a structural unit represented by formula (a4): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 3  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and 
     R 4  represents a C 1  to C 24  saturated hydrocarbon group having a fluorine atom, and a methylene group contained in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group; 
     a structural unit represented by formula (II): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 7  represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C 1  to C 6  alkyl group that may have a halogen atom; and 
     ring X 1  represents a C 2  to C 36  heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom and a carbonyl group, a hydrogen atom contained in the heterocyclic group may be replaced by a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C 1  to C 24  hydrocarbon, a C 1  to C 12  alkoxyl group, a C 2  to C 4  acyl group, or a C 2  to C 4  acyloxy group, and a methylene group contained in the heterocyclic group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group; and 
     the resin having no acid-labile group, 
     (A2) a resin having an acid-labile group, and 
     an acid generator. 
     &lt;2&gt; The resist composition according to &lt;1&gt;, wherein 
     the resin (A1) further includes a structural unit represented by formula (I): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 1  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, 
     L 1  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 18  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a methylene group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group, and 
     R 2  represents a C 3  to C 18  alicyclic hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a C 1  to C 8  aliphatic hydrocarbon group or a hydroxy group, provided that the carbon atom directly bonded to L 1  has no aliphatic hydrocarbon group by which a hydrogen atom has been replaced. 
     &lt;3&gt; The resist composition according to &lt;2&gt;, wherein 
     R 2  is an unsubstituted C 3  to C 18  alicyclic hydrocarbon group. 
     &lt;4&gt; The resist composition according to any one of &lt;1&gt; to &lt;3&gt;, wherein 
     the structural unit represented by the formula (a4) is at least one structural unit selected from the group consisting of a structural unit represented by formula (a4-0), a structural unit represented by formula (a4-1), a structural unit represented by formula (a4-2) and a structural unit represented by formula (a4-3): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R f1  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and 
     R f2  represents a C 1  to C 20  saturated hydrocarbon group having a fluorine atom; 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R f3  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, 
     L 3  represents a C 1  to C 18  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a methylene group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group, and
         R f4  represents a C 1  to C 20  saturated hydrocarbon group having a fluorine atom;       

     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R f5  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, 
     L 4  represents a C 1  to C 18  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a methylene group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group, and 
     R f6  represents a C 1  to C 20  saturated hydrocarbon group having a fluorine atom; 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R f7  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, 
     L 5  represent a C 1  to C 6  alkanediyl group, 
     A f13  represents a C 1  to C 18  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group that may have a fluorine atom, 
     X f12  represents an oxycarbonyl group or a carbonyloxy group, 
     A f14  represents a C 1  to C 17  saturated hydrocarbon group that may have a fluorine atom, and 
     provided that at least one of A f13  and A f14  represents a saturated hydrocarbon group having a fluorine atom. 
     &lt;5&gt; The resist composition according to any one of &lt;1&gt; to &lt;4&gt;, wherein 
     the resin (A2) includes a structural unit selected from the group consisting of a structural unit represented by formula (a1-1) and a structural unit represented by formula (a1-2): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein L a1  and L a2  independently represent —O— or *—O—(CH 2 ) k1 —CO—O—, 
     k1 represents an integer of 1 to 7, 
     * represents a binding site to —CO—, 
     R a4  and R a5  each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, 
     R a6  and R a7  each independently represent a C 1  to C 8  alkyl group, a C 3  to C 18  alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a combination thereof, 
     m1 represents an integer of 0 to 14, 
     n1 represents an integer of 0 to 10, and 
     n1′ represents an integer of 0 to 3. 
     &lt;6&gt; The resist composition according to any one of &lt;1&gt; to &lt;5&gt;, wherein 
     the resin (A2) is includes a structural unit represented by formula (a1-1) and a structural unit represented by formula (a1-2). 
     &lt;7&gt; A method for producing a resist pattern includes steps (1) to (6); 
     (1) applying the resist composition according to any one of &lt;1&gt; to &lt;6&gt; onto a substrate; 
     (2) drying the applied composition to form a composition layer; 
     (3) exposing the composition layer; 
     (4) heating the exposed composition layer, and 
     (5) developing the heated composition layer. 
     &lt;8&gt; A resin includes 
     a structural unit represented by formula (a4): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 3  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and 
     R 4  represents a C 1  to C 24  saturated hydrocarbon group having a fluorine atom, and a methylene group contained in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group; 
     a structural unit represented by formula (II): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 7  represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C 1  to C 6  alkyl group that may have a halogen atom; 
     ring X 1  represents a C 2  to C 36  heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom and a carbonyl group, a hydrogen atom contained in the heterocyclic group may be replaced by a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C 1  to C 24  hydrocarbon, a C 1  to C 12  alkoxyl group, a C 2  to C 4  acyl group, or a C 2  to C 4  acyloxy group, and a methylene group contained in the heterocyclic group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group; 
     the resin has no acid-labile group. 
     &lt;9&gt; The resin according to &lt;8&gt;, further includes a structural unit represented by formula (I): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 1  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, 
     L 1  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 18  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a methylene group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group, and 
     R 2  represents a C 3  to C 18  alicyclic hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a C 1  to C 8  aliphatic hydrocarbon group or a hydroxy group, provided that the carbon atom directly bonded to L 1  has no aliphatic hydrocarbon group by which a hydrogen atom has been replaced. 
     &lt;10&gt; The resist composition according to &lt;9&gt;, wherein 
     R 2  is an unsubstituted C 3  to C 18  alicyclic hydrocarbon group. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     “(Meth)acrylic monomer” means a monomer having a structure of “CH 2 ═CH—CO—” or “CH 2 ═C(CH 3 )—CO—”, as well as “(meth)acrylate” and “(meth)acrylic acid” mean “an acrylate or methacrylate” and “an acrylic acid or methacrylic acid,” respectively. Herein, chain structure groups include those having a linear structure and those having a branched structure. The indefinite articles “a” and “an” are taken as the same meaning as “one or more”. 
     In the specification, the term “solid components” means components other than solvents in a resist composition. 
     &lt;Resin&gt; 
     The resin of the disclosure, which is sometimes referred to as “resin (A1)”, includes a structural unit represented by formula (a4) as described later and a structural unit represented by formula (II), and has no acid-labile group. 
     The resin is usable for resist compositions including that of the disclosure. 
     The resin (A1) may further include a structural unit represented by formula (I) as described later. 
     &lt;Resist Composition&gt; 
     The resist composition of the disclosure includes 
     the resin (A1), 
     a resin which has an acid-labile group (which resin is sometimes referred to as “resin (A2)”), and 
     an acid generator. 
     Here the “acid-labile group” means a group having a leaving group capable of detaching by contacting with an acid to thereby form a hydrophilic group such as a hydroxy or carboxy group. 
     The resist composition preferably includes a quencher (which is sometimes referred to as “quencher (C)”) and/or a solvent (which is sometimes referred to as “solvent (E)”) in addition to the resins (A1) and (A2), and the acid generator. Further, the resist composition may include a resin other than the resins (A1) and (A2) (which is sometimes referred to as “resin (X)”). 
     &lt;Resin (A1)&gt; 
     The resin (A1) includes a structural unit represented by formula (a4) (which is sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a4)”): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and 
     R 4  represents a C 1  to C 24  saturated hydrocarbon group having a fluorine atom, and a methylene group contained in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group. 
     Examples of the saturated hydrocarbon group having a fluorine atom of R 4  include a fluorinated alkyl group such as difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, perfluoroethyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropyl, 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropyl, perfluoroethylmethyl, 1-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl, 1-(trifluoromethyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, perfluoropropyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluorobutyl, 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluorobutyl, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutyl, perfluorobutyl, 1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)methyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-(perfluoropropyl)ethyl, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluoropentyl, perfluoropentyl, 1, 1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-decafluoroentyl, 1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, 2-(perfluorobutyl)ethyl, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-decafluorohexyl, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-dodecafluorohexyl, perfluoropentylmethyl and perfluorohexyl groups; and a fluorinated cycloalkyl group such as perfluorocyclohexyl and perfluoroadamantyl groups. 
     The structural unit (a4) is preferably a structural unit represented by formula (a4-0), a structural unit represented by formula (a4-1), a structural unit represented by formula (a4-2), and a structural unit represented by formula (a4-3) described later, more preferably the structural unit represented by formula (a4-0), the structural unit represented by formula (a4-1) and the structural unit represented by formula (a4-2), still more preferably the structural unit represented by formula (a4-0). 
     Hereinafter, the structural unit represented by formula (a4-0), the structural unit represented by formula (a4-1), the structural unit represented by formula (a4-2), and the structural unit represented by formula (a4-3) are sometimes referred to as “the structural unit (a4-0), “the structural unit (a4-1)”, “the structural unit (a4-2)”, and “the structural unit (a4-3)”, respectively. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In the formula (a4-0), R f1  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and 
     R f2  represents a C 1  to C 20  saturated hydrocarbon group having a fluorine atom. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In the formula (a4-1), R f3  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, 
     L 3  represents a C 1  to C 18  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a methylene group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group, and 
     R f4  represents a C 1  to C 20  saturated hydrocarbon group having a fluorine atom. 
     The total carbon number contained in the group of L 3  and R f4  is preferably 21 or less. The total carbon number of the group includes the number of the carbon atom replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In the formula (a4-2), R f5  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, 
     L 4  represents a C 1  to C 18  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a methylene group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group, and 
     R f6  represents a C 1  to C 20  saturated hydrocarbon group having a fluorine atom. 
     The total carbon number contained in the group of L 4  and R f6  is preferably 21 or less. 
     In the formula (a4-1) and the formula (a4-2), examples of the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group of L 3  and L 4  include a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group and a saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferred. 
     Examples of the saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group include an alkanediyl such as methylene, ethylene, propanediyl, butanediyl and pentanediyl. 
     Examples of the saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group include any of a monocyclic group and a polycyclic group. Examples of the monocyclic group include cycloalkanediyl group such as cyclopentanediyl and cyclohexanediyl groups. Examples of the polycyclic group include adamantanediyl and norbornanediyl groups. 
     Examples of the saturated hydrocarbon group in which a methylene group has been replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group include groups represented by formula (L3-1) to formula (L3-3). In the formula (L3-1) to the formula (L3-3), * represents a binding site to an oxygen atom. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In the formulae, X 3   X1  represents an oxycarbonyl group or a carbonyloxy group, 
     L 3   X1  represents a C 1  to C 16  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, 
     L 3   X2  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 15  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, 
     provided that the total carbon number contained in the group of L 3   X1  and L 3   X2  is 16 or less; 
     L 3   X3  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 17  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, 
     L 3   X4  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 16  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, 
     provided that the total carbon number contained in the group of L 3   X3  and L 3   X4  is 17 or less; 
     L 3   X5  represents a C 1  to C 15  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, 
     L 3   X6  and L 3   X7  each independently represent a single bond or a C 1  to C 14  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, 
     provided that the total carbon number contained in the group of L 3   X5 , L 3   X6  and L 3   X7  is 15 or less. 
     L 3   X1  is preferably a C 1  to C 8  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably methylene or ethylene group. 
     L 3   X2  is preferably a C 1  to C 8  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably methylene or ethylene group. 
     L 3   X3  is preferably a C 1  to C 8  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group. 
     L 3   X4  is preferably a C 1  to C 8  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group. 
     L 3   X5  is preferably a C 1  to C 8  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably methylene or ethylene group. 
     L 3   X6  is preferably a C 1  to C 8  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably methylene or ethylene group. 
     L 3   X7  is preferably a C 1  to C 8  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group. 
     Examples of the group represented by the formula (L3-1) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the group represented by the formula (L3-2) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the group represented by the formula (L3-3) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     L 3  and L 4  are preferably methylene group or ethylene group. 
     Examples of the saturated hydrocarbon group having a fluorine atom include the same examples as those referring to the group of R 4  in the formula (a4). 
     Examples of the structural unit (a4-0) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the structural unit (a4-0) include those in which a methyl group corresponding to R f1  has been replaced by a hydrogen atom in the structural units represented by the above formulae. 
     Examples of the structural unit (a4-1) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the structural unit (a4-1) include those in which a methyl group corresponding to R f3  has been replaced by a hydrogen atom in the structural units represented by the above formulae. 
     Examples of the structural unit (a4-2) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the structural unit (a4-2) include those in which a methyl group corresponding to R f5  has been replaced by a hydrogen atom in the structural units represented by the above formulae. 
     Examples of the structural unit (a4) include a structural unit presented by the formula (a4-3) (which is sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a4-3)”): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R f7  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, 
     L 5  represent a C 1  to C 6  alkanediyl group, 
     A f13  represents a C 1  to C 18  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group that may have a fluorine atom, 
     X f12  represents an oxycarbonyl group or a carbonyloxy group, and 
     A f14  represents a C 1  to C 17  saturated hydrocarbon group that may have a fluorine atom, 
     provided that at least one of A f13  and A f14  represents a saturated hydrocarbon group having a fluorine atom. 
     In the formula (a4-3), the total carbon number contained in the group of L 5 , A f13  and A f14  is preferably 20 or less. 
     Examples of the alkanediyl group of L 5  include a chain alkanediyl group such as methylene, ethylene, propane-1,3-diyl, butane-1,4-diyl, pentane-1,5-diyl and hexane-1,6-diyl groups; 
     a branched alkanediyl group such as 1-methylpropane-1,3-diyl, 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl, 2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl, 1-methylbutane-1,4-diyl and 2-methylbutane-1,4-diyl groups. 
     Examples of the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group of A f13  include any of a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group, or a combination thereof. The aliphatic hydrocarbon group may have a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, and is preferably a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group. 
     The saturated hydrocarbon group that may have a fluorine atom of A f13  is preferably the saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group that may have a fluorine atom, and preferably a perfuloroalkandiyl group. 
     Examples of the divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon that may have a fluorine atom include an alkanediyl group such as methylene, ethylene, propanediyl, butanediyl and pentanediyl groups; a perfluoroalkanediyl group such as difluoromethylene, perfluoroethylene, perfluoropropanediyl, perfluorobutanediyl and perfluoropentanediyl groups. 
     The divalent saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group that may have a fluorine atom is any of a monocyclic or a polycyclic group. 
     Examples of the monocyclic group include cyclohexanediyl and perfluorocyclohexanediyl groups. 
     Examples of the polycyclic group include adamantanediyl, norbornanediyl, and perfluoroadamantanediyl groups. 
     Examples of the saturated hydrocarbon group of A f14  include any of a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group, or a combination thereof. The aliphatic hydrocarbon group may have a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, and is preferably a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group. 
     Examples of the saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group that may have a halogen atom include trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, methyl, perfluoromethyl, 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl, ethyl, perfluoropropyl, 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropyl, propyl, perfluorobutyl, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutyl, butyl, perfluoropentyl, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoropentyl, pentyl, hexyl, perfluorohexyl, hepthyl, perfluoroheptyl, octyl and perfluorooctyl groups. 
     The saturated cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group that may have a fluorine atom is any of monocyclic or polycyclic group. Examples of the monocyclic group include cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and perfluorocyclohexyl groups. Examples of the polycyclic group include adamantyl, norbornyl and perfluoroadamantyl groups Examples of the combination of the saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group and saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group include adamantylmethyl, norbornylmethyl, and perfluoroadamantylmethyl groups 
     In the formula (a4-3), L 5  is preferably an ethylene group. 
     The saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group of A f13  is preferably a C 1  to C 6  aliphatic hydrocarbon group, more preferably a C 2  to C 3  aliphatic hydrocarbon group. 
     The saturated hydrocarbon group of A f14  is preferably a C 3  to C 12  saturated hydrocarbon group, more preferably a C 3  to C 10  hydrocarbon group. Among these, A f14  is preferably a group containing a C 3  to C 12  alicyclic hydrocarbon group, more preferably a cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, norbornyl or adamantyl group. 
     Examples of the structural unit (a4-3) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the structural unit (a4-3) include those in which a methyl group corresponding to R f7  has been replaced by a hydrogen atom in the structural units represented by the above formulae. 
     The structural unit (a4-0) is derived from a compound represented by formula (a4′-0) (which is sometimes referred to as “compound (a4′-0)”): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R f1  and R f2  are as defined above. 
     As the compound (a4′-0), a marketed product or a compound which is produced by a known method may be used. 
     The known method includes a method in which (meth)acrylic acid or derivatives thereof, for example, (meth)acrylic chloride is condensed with a suitable alcohol (HO—R 2 ). The marketed product is the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The structural unit (a4-1) is derived from a compound represented by formula (a4′-1) (which is sometimes referred to as “compound (a4′-1)”): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R f3 , R f4  and L 3  are as defined above. 
     The compound (a4′-1) can be produced by reacting a compound represented by formula (a4′-1-1) with a compound represented by formula (a4′-1-2) in the presence of a basic catalyst in a solvent: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 3 , R f4  and L 3  are as defined above. 
     Preferred examples of the solvent include tetrahydrofuran. 
     Preferred examples of the basic catalyst include pyridine. 
     Examples of the compound represented by the formula (a4′-1-1) include hydroxyethylmethacrylate, which is available on the market. Also, a compound which is produced by a known method including a method in which (meth)acrylic acid or derivatives thereof, for example, (meth)acrylic chloride is condensed with a suitable diol (HO-L 3 -OH), can be used. 
     As the compound represented by the formula (a4′-1-2), an anhydrate that has been converted from an appropriate caroboxylic acid in accordance with R f4  can be used. Examples of the marketed product include heptafluorobutyric anhydride. 
     The structural unit (a4-2) is derived from a compound represented by formula (a4′-2) (which is sometimes referred to as “compound (a4′-2)”): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R f5 , R f6  and L 4  are as defined above. 
     The compound (a4′-2) can be produced by reacting a compound represented by formula (a4′-2-1) with a compound represented by formula (a4′-2-2) in the presence of a catalyst in a solvent: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R f6 , R 3  and L 4  are as defined above. 
     Preferred examples of the solvent include dimethylformamide. 
     Preferred examples of the catalyst include potassium carbonate and potassium iodide. 
     Preferred examples of the compound represented by the formula (a4′-2-1) include a methacrylic acid, which is available on the market. 
     The compound represented by the formula (a4′-2-2) can be produced by reacting a compound represented by formula (a4′-2-3) with a compound represented by formula (a4′-2-4) in the presence of a basic catalyst in a solvent: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R f6  and L 4  are as defined above. 
     Preferred examples of the solvent include tetrahydrofuran. 
     Preferred examples of the basic catalyst include pyridine. 
     As the compound represented by the formula (a4′-2-3), a compound in accordance with R f4  can be used. When chloroacetyl chloride is used as the compound represented by the formula (a4′-2-3), a compound represented by the formula (a4′-2-2) in which L 4  is methyl group can be produced. Chloroacetyl chloride is available on the market. 
     As the compound represented by the formula (a4′-2-4), an alcohol in accordance with R f6  can be used. When 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-1-butanol is used as the compound represented by the formula (a4′-2-4), a compound represented by the formula (a4′-2-2) in which R f6  is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group has been substituted with fluorine atom can be produced. 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-Heptafluoro-1-butanol is available on the market. 
     The structural unit (a4-3) is derived from a compound represented by formula (a4′-3) (which is sometimes referred to as “compound (a4′-3)”): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R f7 , L 5 , A f13 , X f12  and A f14  are as defined above. 
     The compound represented by the formula (a4′-3) can be produced by reacting a compound represented by the formula (a4′-3-1) with a carboxylic acid represented by the formula (a4′-3-2). This reaction is generally carried out in a solvent: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R f7 , L 5 , A f13 , X f12  and A f14  are as defined above. 
     Preferred examples of the solvent include tetrahydrofuran and toluene. 
     As the compound represented by the formula (a4′-3-1), a marketed product or a compound which is produced by a known method may be used. 
     The known method includes a method in which (meth)acrylic acid or derivatives thereof, for example, (meth)acrylic chloride is condensed with a suitable diol (HO-L 5 -OH). Examples of the marketed product include hydroxyethyl methacrylate. 
     The compound represented by the formula (a4′-3-2) can be produced by a known method. Examples thereof include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The resin (A1) includes a structural unit represented by formula (II) (which is sometimes referred to as “structural unit (II)”): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 7  represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C 1  to C 6  alkyl group that may have a halogen atom; and 
     ring X 1  represents a C 2  to C 36  heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom and a carbonyl group, a hydrogen atom contained in the heterocyclic group may be replaced by a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C 1  to C 24  hydrocarbon, a C 1  to C 12  alkoxyl group, a C 2  to C 4  acyl group, or a C 2  to C 4  acyloxy group, and a methylene group contained in the heterocyclic group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group. 
     Examples of the halogen atom include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine atoms. 
     Examples of the alkyl group include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl groups. 
     Examples of the alkyl group which has a halogen atom include perfluoromethyl, perfluoroethyl, perfluoropropyl, perfluoro-isopropyl, perfluorobutyl, perfluoro-sec-butyl, perfluoro-tert-butyl, perfluoropentyl and perfluorohexyl groups. 
     The heterocyclic group represented by ring X 1  has a carbonyl group and a nitrogen atom as a ring-constituting group or atom. Further the heterocyclic group may be any of an aromatic heterocyclic group and a non-aromatic heterocyclic group, and any of monocyclic and polycyclic group. 
     Specific examples of ring X 1  include the following ones. In each formula, * represent a bonding site. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The hydrocarbon group may be any of an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group and a combination thereof. 
     Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl groups. 
     Examples of the monocyclic group include a cycloalkyl group such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyls; and examples of the polycyclic group include decahydronaphtyl, adamantyl and norbornyl groups as well as the following groups. In each formula, * represents a binding site. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include an aryl group such as phenyl, naphthyl, anthnyl, p-methylphenyl, p-tert-butylphenyl, p-adamantylphenyl, tolyl, xylyl, cumenyl, mesityl, biphenyl, anthryl, phenanthryl, 2,6-diethylphenyl and 2-methyl-6-ethylphenyl groups. 
     Examples the combination of an aliphatic hydrocarbon group and an alicyclic hydrocarbon group include methylcyclohexyl, cyclohexyl group dimethylcyclohexyl and methylnorbornyl groups. 
     Examples the combination of an aliphatic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic hydrocarbon group include an aralkyl group such as benzyl, phenethyl, phenylpropyl, naphthylmethyl and naphthylethyl groups. 
     Examples of the halogen atom include a chlorine atom, a fluorine atom and bromine atom. 
     Examples of the alkoxyl group include methoxy, ethoxy, -propoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, heptyloxy, octyloxy, decyloxy and dodecyloxy groups. 
     Examples of the acyl group include acetyl, propionyl and butyryl groups. 
     Examples of the acyloxy group include acethyloxy, propyonyloxy, butylyloxy and iso-butylyloxy groups. 
     In the formula (II), R 7  is preferably a hydrogen atom or methyl group. 
     Ring X 1  is preferably a 4 to 7-membered heterocycle containing a nitrogen atom and carbonyl group, or a cyclic group having the 4 to 7-membered heterocyclic structure, and more preferably a 4 to 6-membered heterocycle containing a nitrogen atom and carbonyl group, or a cyclic group containing the 4 to 6-membered heterocyclic group. 
     The carbonyl group is preferably positioned so as to be adjacent to the nitrogen atom, i.e., ring X 1  is preferably a lactam ring. 
     The structural unit (II) is preferably any one of structural units represented by formula (IIA) and formula (IIB): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 23  represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C 1  to C 6  alkyl group that may have a halogen atom; 
     R 24  to R 29  each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C 1  to C 24  hydrocarbon group, or at least two of R 24  to R 29  may be bonded together to form a C 3  to C 30  ring, a hydrogen atom contained in the hydrocarbon group and the ring may be replaced by a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C 1  to C 12  alkyl group, a C 1  to C 12  alkoxyl group, a C 2  to C 4  acyl group, or a C 2  to C 4  acyloxy group, and a methylene group contained in the hydrocarbon group and the ring may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group; and 
     n′ represents an integer of 0 to 3; 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 39  represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C 1  to C 6  alkyl group that may have a halogen atom; 
     R 40  to R 49  each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C 1  to C 12  hydrocarbon group, or at least two of R 40  to R 49  may be bonded together to form a C 3  to C 24  ring, a hydrogen atom contained in the hydrocarbon group and the ring may be replaced by a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C 1  to C 12  alkyl group, a C 1  to C 12  alkoxyl group, a C 2  to C 4  acyl group, or a C 2  to C 4  acyloxy group, and a methylene group contained in the hydrocarbon group and the ring may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group; and 
     n4 and n5 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 3; 
     Examples of the structural unit represented by formula (IIB) where at least two of R 40  to R 49  form a ring include a structural unit represented by formula (IIC): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 52  represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C 1  to C 6  alkyl group that may have a halogen atom; 
     R 53  to R 68  independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C 1  to C 12  hydrocarbon group, or at least two of R 53  to R 68  may be bonded together to form a C 3  to C 18  ring, a hydrogen atom contained in the hydrocarbon group and the ring may be replaced by a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C 1  to C 12  alkyl group, a C 1  to C 12  alkoxyl group, a C 2  to C 4  acyl group, or a C 2  to C 4  acyloxy group, and a methylene group contained in the hydrocarbon group and the ring may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group; and 
     n6, n7 and n8 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 3: 
     The structural unit (II) is more preferably one represented by formula (IID) or formula (IIE): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 31  represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C 1  to C 6  alkyl group that may have a halogen atom; 
     R 32  represents a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C 1  to C 12  alkyl group, a C 1  to C 12  alkoxyl group, a C 2  to C 4  acyl group or a C 2  to C 4  acyloxy group; and 
     n9 represents an integer of 0 to 8; 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 33  represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C 1  to C 6  alkyl group that may have a halogen atom; 
     R 34  represents a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C 1  to C 12  alkyl group, a C 1  to C 12  alkoxyl group, a C 2  to C 4  acyl group, or a C 2  to C 4  acyloxy group; 
     n10 represents an integer of 0 to 14. 
     Examples of the rings formed by bonding two of R 24  to R 29 , by bonding two of R 40  to R 49 , or by bonding two of R 53  to R 68  include the same hydrocarbon rings which the above-mentioned specific examples of the ring X have, such as C3 to C12 hydrocarbon group including a cycloalkyl group or aromatic hydrocarbon group, which may be a monocyclic or polycyclic group. 
     n′ is preferably 0 or 1, and more preferably 0. 
     n4 is preferably 0 or 1, and more preferably 0. 
     n5 is preferably 1 or 2, and more preferably 1. 
     n6 is preferably 0 or 1, and more preferably 0. 
     n7 is preferably 0 or 1, and more preferably 0. 
     n8 is preferably 0 or 1, and more preferably 1. 
     n9 is preferably 0 or 1, and more preferably 0. 
     n10 is preferably 0 or 1, and more preferably 0. 
     Examples of the structural unit (II) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the structural unit (II) include those in which a methyl group corresponding to R 7  in the structural units represented by the above formulae has been replaced by a hydrogen atom. 
     Among these, the structural unit represented by the formula (IIA) and the structural unit represented by the formula (IIB) are preferred, and the structural unit represented by the formula (IID) is more preferred. 
     The structural unit (II) is derived from a compound represented by formula (II′) (which is sometimetimes referred to as “compound (II′)”): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 7  and ring X 1  are as defined above. 
     The compound (II′) can be produced according to the method described in JP2011-148967A, and is available on the market. 
     The proportion of the structural unit (a4) is preferably 20 to 97% by mole, preferably 25 to 95% by mole, still more preferably 30 to 90% by mole, with respect to the total structural units (100% by mole) of the resin (A1). 
     The structural unit (II) is preferably 3 to 80% by mole, more preferably 5 to 75% by mole, still more preferably 5 to 70% by mole, with respect to the total structural units (100% by mole) of the resin (A1). 
     When the proportions of the structural unit (a4) and the structural unit (II) are within the above ranges, resist patterns with excellent DOF and reduced defects can be produced. 
     The resin (A1) can be produced by a known polymerization method, for example, radical polymerization method, using one or more species of monomers inducing the structural units as described above, such as the monomer (a4′-0), the monomer (a4′-1), the monomer (a4′-2), the monomer (a4′-3) and the monomer represented by formula (II′), and optionally one or more of a monomer represented by formula (I′) and/or other monomers having no acid-labile group, as described below. The proportion of the structural unit in the resin (A1) can be adjusted by changing the amount of a monomer used in polymerization. 
     The resin (A1) preferably further includes a structural unit represented by formula (I) which is different from the structural unit (a6) (which is sometimes referred to as “structural unit (I)”). The structural unit (I) does not include a structural unit represented by formula (a2) described below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In the formula, R 1  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, 
     L 1  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 18  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a methylene group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group, and 
     R 2  represents a C 3  to C 18  alicyclic hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a C 1  to C 8  aliphatic hydrocarbon group or a hydroxy group, provided that the carbon atom directly bonded to L 1  has no aliphatic hydrocarbon group by which a hydrogen atom has been replaced. 
     A methylene group contained in the saturated hydrocarbon group of L 1  may be replaced by an oxygen atom, and an ethylene group contained in the saturated hydrocarbon group of L 1  may be replaced by an ester group. 
     Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group of R 2  include any one of a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group. Examples of the monocyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl groups. Examples of the polycyclic hydrocarbon group include adamantyl and norbornyl groups. 
     Examples of the C 1  to C 8  aliphatic hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, 2-ethylhexyl and n-octyl groups. 
     Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group having a substituent of R 2  include 3-hydroxyadamantyl group and 3-methyladamantyl group. 
     R 2  is preferably an unsubstituted C 3  to C 18  alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably an adamantyl, norbornyl or cyclohexyl group. 
     Examples of the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group of L 1  include a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group and a saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferred. 
     Examples of the saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group include an alkanediyl such as methylene, ethylene, propanediyl, butanediyl and pentanediyl. 
     Examples of the saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group include any of a monocyclic group and a polycyclic group. Examples of the monocyclic group include cycloalkanediyl group such as cyclopentanediyl and cyclohexanediyl groups. Examples of the polycyclic group include adamantanediyl and norbornanediyl groups. 
     Examples of the saturated hydrocarbon group in which a methylene group has been replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group include groups represented by the formula (L1-1) to the formula (L1-4). In the formula (L1-1) to the formula (L1-4), * represents a binding site to an oxygen atom. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In the formulae, X X1  represents an oxycarbonyl group or a carbonyloxy group, 
     L X1  represents a C 1  to C 16  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, 
     L X2  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 15  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, 
     provided that the total carbon number contained in the groups of L X1  and L X2  is 16 or less; 
     L X3  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 17  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, 
     L X4  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 16  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, 
     provided that the total carbon number contained in the groups of L X3  and L X4  is 17 or less; 
     L X5  represents a C 1  to C 15  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, 
     L X6  and L X7  each independently represent a single bond or a C 1  to C 14  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, 
     provided that the total carbon number contained in the groups of L X5 , L X6  and L X7  is 15 or less; 
     L X8  and L X9  each independently represent a single bond or a C 1  to C 12  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, 
     W X1  represents a C 3  to C 15  divalent saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group, provided that the total carbon number contained in the groups of L X8 , L X9  and W X1  is 15 or less. 
     L X1  is preferably a C 1  to C 8  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably a methylene or ethylene group. 
     L X2  is preferably a single bond or a C 1  to C 8  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably a single bond. 
     L X3  is preferably a C 1  to C 8  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group. 
     L X4  is preferably a single bond or a C 1  to C 8  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group. 
     L X5  is preferably a C 1  to C 8  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably methylene or ethylene group. 
     L X6  is preferably a single bond or a C 1  to C 8  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably methylene or ethylene group. 
     L X7  is preferably a single bond or a C 1  to C 8  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group. 
     L X8  is preferably a single bond or a C 1  to C 8  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably a single bond or a methylene group. 
     L X9  is preferably a single bond or a C 1  to C 8  divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably a single bond or methylene group. 
     W X1  is preferably a C 3  to C 10  divalent saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably a cyclohexanediyl or adamantanediyl group. 
     Examples of the group represented by the formula (L1-1) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the group represented by the formula (L1-2) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the group represented by the formula (L1-3) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the group represented by the formula (L1-4) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     L 1  is preferably a single bond or the groups represented by the formula (L1-1). 
     Examples of the structural unit (I) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the structural unit (I) include those in which a methyl group corresponding to R 1  has been replaced by a hydrogen atom in the structural units represented by the above formulae. 
     The structural unit (I) is derived from a compound represented by formula (I′) (which is sometimes referred to as “compound (I′)”): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 1 , L 1  and R 2  are as defined above. 
     As the compound (I′), a marketed product or a compound which is produced by a known method may be used. 
     The known method includes a method in which (meth)acrylic acid or derivatives thereof, for example, (meth)acrylic chloride is condensed with a suitable alcohol (HO-L 1 -R 2 ). Examples of the marketed product include adamantane-1-yl methacrylate and adamantane-1-yl acrylate. 
     When the resin (A1) includes the structural unit (I), the proportion of the structural unit (a4) is preferably 20 to 80% by mole, more preferably 25 to 70% by mole, still more preferably 30 to 60% by mole, with respect to the total structural units (100% by mole) of the resin (A1). 
     When the resin (A1) includes the structural unit (I), the proportion of the structural unit represented by formula (II) is preferably 3 to 50% by mole, more preferably 5 to 40% by mole, still more preferably 3 to 30% by mole, with respect to the total structural units (100% by mole) of the resin (A1). 
     When the resin (A1) includes the structural unit (I), the proportion of the structural unit (I) is preferably 17 to 77% by mole, more preferably 25 to 70% by mole, still more preferably 35 to 65% by mole, with respect to the total structural units (100% by mole) of the resin (A1). 
     When the proportions of the structural unit (a4), the structural unit represented by formula (II) and the structural unit (I) are within the above ranges, resist patterns with excellent shape and reduced defects can be produced. 
     The resin (A1) may further include a structural unit (a2) and/or a structural unit (a3) described below. 
     The weight average molecular weight of the resin (A1) is preferably 5,000 or more (more preferably 7,000 or more, and still more preferably 10,000 or more), and 80,000 or less (more preferably 50,000 or less, and still more preferably 30,000 or less). 
     In the present specification, the weight average molecular weight is a value determined by gel permeation chromatography using polystyrene as the standard product. 
     The detailed condition of this analysis is described in Examples. 
     &lt;Resin (A2)&gt; 
     The resin (A2) includes a structural unit having an acid-labile group (which is sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a1)”). Also, the resin (A2) may preferably include a structural unit other than the structural unit (a1). Examples of the structural unit other than the structural unit (a1) include a structural unit having no acid-labile group (which is sometimes referred to as “structural unit (s)”), a structural unit other than the structural unit (a1), a structural unit (a2) as described later and a structural unit (a3) as described later (which is sometimes referred to as “structural unit (t)”). 
     &lt;Structural Unit (a1)&gt; 
     The structural unit (a1) is derived from a monomer having an acid-labile group (which is sometimes referred to as “monomer (a1)”). 
     In the resin (A2), the acid-labile group contained in the structural unit (a1) is preferably the following group (1) and/or group (2): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R a1  to R a3  each independently represent a C 1  to C 8  alkyl group, a C 3  to C 20  alicyclic hydrocarbon group or combination thereof, or R a1  and R a2  may be bonded together with a carbon atom bonded thereto to form a C 3  to C 20  divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group; 
     na represents an integer of 0 or 1; and 
     * represents a binding site; 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R a1′  and R a2′  each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C 1  to C 12  hydrocarbon group, R a3′  represents a C 1  to C 20  hydrocarbon group, or R a2′  and R a3′  may be bonded together with a carbon atom and X bonded thereto to form a divalent C 3  to C 20  heterocyclic group, and a methylene group contained in the hydrocarbon group or the divalent heterocyclic group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; 
     X represents —O— or —S—; and 
     * represents a binding site. 
     Examples of the alkyl group of R a1  to R a3  include methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl and n-octyl groups. 
     Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group of R a1  to R a3  include monocyclic groups such as a cycloalkyl group, i.e., cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl groups; and polycyclic groups such as decahydronaphtyl, adamantyl and norbornyl groups as well as the following groups. In each of the formulae, * represents a binding site. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The carbon number of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group of R a1  to R a3  is preferably 3 to 16. 
     Examples of groups combining the alkyl group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group include methyl cyclohexyl, dimethyl cyclohexyl, methyl norbornyl and cyclohexylmethl, adamantylmethyl and norbornyletyl groups. 
     na is preferably 0. 
     When R a1  and R a2  is bonded together to form a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, examples of the group —C(R a1 )(R a2 )(R a3 ) include the following groups. The carbon number of the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferably 3 to 12. In each of the formulae, * represent a binding site to —O—. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In each formula, R a3  is as defined above. 
     Specific examples of the group represented by the formula (1) include, for example, 
     1,1-dialkylalkoxycarbonyl group (a group in which R a1  to R a3  are alkyl groups, preferably tert-butoxycarbonyl group, in the formula (1)), 
     2-alkyladamantane-2-yloxycarbonyl group (a group in which R a1 , R a2  and a carbon atom form adamantyl group, and R a3  is alkyl group, in the formula (1)), and 
     1-(adamantane-1-yl)-1-alkylalkoxycarbonyl group (a group in which R a1  and R a2  are alkyl group, and R a3  is adamantyl group, in the formula (1)). 
     The hydrocarbon group of R a1′  to R a3′  includes any of an alkyl group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group and a group formed by combining thereof. 
     Examples of the alkyl group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group are the same examples as described above. 
     Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include an aryl group such as phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, p-methylphenyl, p-tert-butylphenyl, p-adamantylphenyl, tolyl, xylyl, cumenyl, mesityl, biphenyl, phenanthryl, 2,6-diethylphenyl and 2-methyl-6-ethylphenyl groups. 
     Examples of the divalent heterocyclic group formed by bonding with R a2′  and R a3′  include the following groups. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In each formula, R a1′  and X are as defined above. 
     At least one of R a1′  and R a2′  is preferably a hydrogen atom. 
     Specific examples of the group represented by the formula (2) include the following groups. In each of the formulae, * represents a binding site. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The monomer (a1) is preferably a monomer having an acid-labile group and an ethylenically unsaturated bond, and more preferably a (meth)acrylic monomer having an acid-labile group. 
     Among the (meth)acrylic monomer having an acid-labile group, a monomer having a C 5  to C 20  alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferred. When a resin (A2) including a structural unit derived from a monomer (a1) having a bulky structure such as the alicyclic hydrocarbon group is used for a resist composition, the resist composition having excellent resolution tends to be obtained. 
     Examples of a structural unit derived from the (meth)acrylic monomer having the group represented by the formula (1) preferably include structural units represented by the formula (a1-0), the formula (a1-1) and the formula (a1-2) below. These may be used as a single structural unit or as a combination of two or more structural units. The structural unit represented by the formula (a1-0), the structural unit represented by the formula (a1-1) and a structural unit represented by the formula (a1-2) are sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a1-0)”, “structural unit (a1-1)” and “structural unit (a1-2)”), respectively, and monomers inducing the structural unit (a1-0), the structural unit (a1-1) and the structural unit (a1-2) are sometimes referred to as “monomer (a1-0)”, “monomer (a1-1)” and “monomer (a1-2)”), respectively: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein L a01  represents —O— or —O—(CH 2 ) k01 —CO—O—, 
     k01 represents an integer of 1 to 7, 
     * represents a binding site to —CO—, 
     R a01  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and 
     R a02 , R a03  and R a04  each independently represent a C 1  to C 8  alkyl group, a C 3  to C 18  alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a combination thereof. 
     L a01  is preferably an —O— or *—O—(CH 2 ) k01 —CO—O— in which k01 is preferably an integer of 1 to 4, more preferably an integer of 1, more preferably an —O—. 
     Examples of the alkyl group and an alicyclic hydrocarbon group of R a02 , R a03  and R a04  and the combination thereof are the same examples as the group described in R a1  to R a3  in the formula (1). 
     The alkyl group of R a02 , R a03  and R a04  is preferably a C 1  to C 6  alkyl group. 
     The alicyclic hydrocarbon group of R a02 , R a03  and R a04  is preferably a C 3  to C 8  alicyclic hydrocarbon group, more preferably a C 3  to C 6  alicyclic hydrocarbon group. 
     The group formed by combining the alkyl group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group has preferably 18 or less of carbon atom. Examples of those groups include methylcyclohexyl, dimethylcyclohexyl and methylnorbornyl groups. 
     R a02  and R a03  is preferably a C 1  to C 6  alkyl group, more preferably a methyl or ethyl group. 
     R a04  is preferably a C 1  to C 6  alkyl group or a C 5  to C 12  alicyclic hydrocarbon group, more preferably methyl, ethyl, cyclohexyl or adamantyl group. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In each formula, L a1  and L a2  each independently represent —O— or *—O—(CH 2 ) k1 —CO—O—, 
     k1 represents an integer of 1 to 7, 
     * represents a binding site to —CO—, 
     R a4  and R a5  each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, 
     R a6  and R a7  each independently represent a C 1  to C 8  alkyl group, a C 3  to C 18  alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a combination thereof, 
     m1 represents an integer of 0 to 14, 
     n1 represents an integer of 0 to 10, and 
     n1′ represents an integer of 0 to 3. 
     L a1  and L a2  are preferably —O— or *—O—(CH 2 ) k1′ —CO—O— in which k1′ represents an integer of 1 to 4 and more preferably 1, and still more preferably —O—. 
     R a4  and R a5  are preferably a methyl group. 
     Examples of the alkyl group of R a6  and R a7  include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, 2-ethylhexyl and n-octyl groups. 
     Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group of R a6  and R a7  include monocyclic hydrocarbon groups such as a cycloalkyl group, i.e., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclohexyl, dimethylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl and cyclodecyl groups; and polycyclic hydrocarbon groups such as decahydronaphtyl, adamantyl, 2-alkyadamantane-2-yl, 1-(adamantane-1-yl) alkane-1-yl, norbornyl, methyl norbornyl and isobornyl groups. 
     Examples of group formed by combining the alkyl group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group of R a6  and R a7  include an aralkyl group such as benzyl and phenethyl groups. 
     The alkyl group of R a6  and R a7  is preferably a C 1  to C 6  alkyl group. 
     The alicyclic hydrocarbon group of R a6  and R a7  is preferably a C 3  to C 8  alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably a C 3  to C 6  alicyclic hydrocarbon group. 
     m1 is preferably an integer of 0 to 3, and more preferably 0 or 1. 
     n1 is preferably an integer of 0 to 3, and more preferably 0 or 1. 
     n1′ is preferably 0 or 1, and more preferably 1. 
     Examples of the monomer (a1-0) preferably include monomers represented by formula (a1-0-1) to formula (a1-0-12), and more preferably monomers represented by formula (a1-0-1) to formula (a1-0-10) below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the structural units (a1-0) include structural units in which a methyl group corresponding to R a01  has been replaced by a hydrogen atom in the structural units represented by the above formulae. 
     Examples of the monomer (a1-1) include monomers described in JP 2010-204646A. 
     Among these, the monomers are preferably monomers represented by formula (a1-1-1) to formula (a1-1-8), and more preferably monomers represented by formula (a1-1-1) to formula (a1-1-4) below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the monomer (a1-2) include 1-methylcyclopentane-1-yl (meth)acrylate, 1-ethylcyclopentane-1-yl (meth)acrylate, 1-methylcyclohexane-1-yl (meth)acrylate, 1-ethylcyclohexane-1-yl (meth)acrylate, 1-ethylcycloheptane-1-yl (meth)acrylate, 1-ethylcyclooctane-1-yl (meth)acrylate, 1-isopropylcyclopentane-1-yl (meth)acrylate and 1-isopropylcyclohexane-1-yl (meth)acrylate. Among these, the monomers are preferably monomers represented by formula (a1-2-1) to formula (a1-2-12), and more preferably monomers represented by formula (a1-2-3), formula (a1-2-4), formula (a1-2-9) and formula (a1-2-10), and still more preferably monomer represented by formula (a1-2-3) and formula (a1-2-9) below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     When the resin (A2) includes the structural unit (a1-0) and/or the structural unit (a1-1) and/or the structural unit (a1-2), the total proportion thereof is generally 10 to 95% by mole, preferably 15 to 90% by mole, and more preferably 20 to 85% by mole, with respect to the total structural units (100% by mole) of the resin (A2). 
     Further, examples of the structural unit (a1) having the group (1) include a structural unit presented by formula (a1-3). The structural unit represented by the formula (a1-3) is sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a1-3)”. The monomer from which the structural unit (a1-3) is derived is sometimes referred to as “monomer (a1-3)”. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In the formula, R a9  represents a carboxy group, a cyano group, a —COOR a13 , a hydrogen atom or a C 1  to C 3  aliphatic hydrocarbon group that may have a hydroxy group, 
     R a13  represents a C 1  to C 8  aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a C 3  to C 20  alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a group formed by combining thereof, a hydrogen atom contained in the aliphatic hydrocarbon group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by a hydroxy group, a methylene group contained in the aliphatic hydrocarbon group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group, and 
     R a10 , R a11  and R a12  each independently represent a C 1  to C 8  alkyl group, a C 3  to C 20  alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a group formed by combining thereof, or R a10  and R a11  may be bonded together with a carbon atom bonded thereto to form a C 1  to C 20  divalent hydrocarbon group. 
     Here, examples of —COOR a13  group include a group in which a carbonyl group is bonded to the alkoxy group, such as methoxycarbonyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups. 
     Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group that may have a hydroxy group of R a9  include methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxymethy and 2-hydroxyethyl groups. 
     Examples of the C 1  to C 8  aliphatic hydrocarbon group of R a13  include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, 2-ethylhexyl and n-octyl groups. 
     Examples of the C 3  to C 20  alicyclic hydrocarbon group of R a13  include cyclopentyl, cyclopropyl, adamantyl, adamantylmetyl, 1-(adamantyl-1-yl)-methylethyl, 2-oxo-oxolane-3-yl, 2-oxo-oxolane-4-yl groups. 
     Examples of the alkyl group of R a10  to R a12  include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, 2-ethylhexyl and n-octyl groups. 
     Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group of R a10  and R a12  include monocyclic groups such as a cycloalkyl group, i.e., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclohexyl, dimethylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, and cyclodecyl groups; and polycyclic groups such as decahydronaphtyl, adamantyl, 2-alkyl-2-adamantyl, 1-(adamantane-1-yl) alkane-1-yl, norbornyl, methyl norbornyl and isobornyl groups. 
     When R a10  and R a11  are bonded together with a carbon atom bonded thereto to form a divalent hydrocarbon group, examples of the group-C(R a10 )(R a11 )(R a12 ) include the following groups. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In each formula, R a12  is as defined above. 
     Examples of the monomer (a1-3) include tert-butyl 5-norbornene-2-carboxylate, 1-cyclohexyl-1-methylethyl 5-norbornene-2-carboxylate, 1-methylcyclohexyl 5-norbornene-2-carboxylate, 2-methy-2-adamantane-2-yl 5-norbornene-2-carboxylate, 2-ethyl-2-adamantane-2-yl 5-norbornene-2-carboxylate, 1-(4-methycyclohexyl)-1-methylethyl 5-norbornene-2-carboxylate, 1-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)-1-methylethyl 5-norbornene-2-carboxylate, 1-methyl-(4-oxocyclohexyl)-1-ethyl 5-norbornene-2-carboxylate, and 1-(1-adamantane-1-yl)-1-methylethyl 5-norbornene-2-carboxylate. 
     The resin (A2) including the structural unit (a1-3) can improve the resolution of the obtained resist composition because it has a bulky structure, and also can improve a dry-etching tolerance of the obtained resist composition because of incorporated a rigid norbornene ring into a main chain of the resin (A2). 
     When the resin (A2) includes the structural unit (a1-3), the proportion thereof is preferably 10% by mole to 95% by mole, more preferably 15% by mole to 90% by mole, and still more preferably 20% by mole to 85% by mole, with respect to the total structural units constituting the resin (A2) (100% by mole). 
     Examples of a structural unit (a1) having the group (2) include a structural unit represented by formula (a1-4). The structural unit is sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a1-4)”. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In the formula, R a32  represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C 1  to C 6  alkyl group that may have a halogen atom, 
     R a33  in each occurrence independently represent a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C 1  to C 6  alkyl group, a C 1  to C 6  alkoxy group, a C 2  to C 4  acyl group, a C 2  to C 4  acyloxy group, an acryloyloxy group or methacryloyloxy group, 
     la represents an integer 0 to 4, 
     R a34  and R a35  each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C 1  to C 12  hydrocarbon group; and 
     R a36  represents a C 1  to C 20  hydrocarbon group, or R a35  and R a36  may be bonded together with a C—O bonded thereto to form a divalent C 2  to C 20  hydrocarbon group, and a methylene group contained in the hydrocarbon group or the divalent hydrocarbon group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. 
     Examples of the alkyl group of R a32  and R a33  include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl groups. The alkyl group is preferably a C 1  to C 4  alkyl group, and more preferably a methyl or ethyl group, and still more preferably a methyl group. 
     Examples of the halogen atom of R a32  and R a33  include a fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine atoms. 
     Examples of the alkyl group that may have a halogen atom include trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, methyl, perfluoromethyl, 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl, ethyl, perfluoropropyl, 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropyl, propyl, perfluorobutyl, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutyl, butyl, perfluoropentyl, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoropentyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl and n-perfluorohexyl groups. 
     Examples of an alkoxy group include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy and hexyloxy groups. The alkoxy group is preferably a C 1  to C 4  alkoxy group, more preferably a methoxy group and an ethoxy group, and still more preferably a methoxy group. 
     Examples of the acyl group include acetyl, propanonyl and butylyl groups. 
     Examples of the acyloxy group include acetyloxy, propanonyloxy and butylyloxy groups. 
     Examples of the hydrocarbon group of R a34  and R a35  are the same examples as described in R a1′  to R a2′  in the formula (2). 
     Examples of hydrocarbon group of R a36  include a C 1  to C 18  alkyl group, a C 3  to C 18  alicyclic hydrocarbon group, a C 6  to C 18  aromatic hydrocarbon group or a group formed by combining thereof. 
     In the formula (a1-4), R a32  is preferably a hydrogen atom. 
     R a33  is preferably a C 1  to C 4  alkoxy group, more preferably a methoxy group and an ethoxy group, and still more preferably a methoxy group. 
     la is preferably 0 or 1, and more preferably 0. 
     R a34  is preferably a hydrogen atom. 
     R a35  is preferably a C 1  to C 12  hydrocarbon group, and more preferably a methyl or an ethyl group. 
     The hydrocarbon group of R a36  is preferably a C 1  to C 18  alkyl group, a C 3  to C 18  alicyclic hydrocarbon group, a C 6  to C 18  aromatic hydrocarbon group or a combination thereof, and more preferably a C 1  to C 18  alkyl group, a C 3  to C 18  alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a C 7  to C 18  aralkyl group. The alkyl group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group of R a36  are preferably unsubstituted. When the aromatic hydrocarbon group of R a36  has a substituent, the substituent is preferably a C 6  to C 10  aryloxy group. 
     Examples of the monomer from which the structural unit (a1-4) is derived include monomers described in JP 2010-204646A. Among these, the monomers are preferably the following monomers represented by the formula (a1-4-1) to the formula (a1-4-7), and more preferably monomers represented by the formula (a1-4-1) to the formula (a1-4-5). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     When the resin (A2) includes the structural unit (a1-4), the proportion thereof is preferably 10% by mole to 95% by mole, more preferably 15% by mole to 90% by mole, and still more preferably 20% by mole to 85% by mole, with respect to the total structural units constituting the resin (A2) (100% by mole). 
     Examples of the structural unit having an acid-labile group include a structural unit represented by formula (a1-5). The structural unit is sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a1-5)”. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In the formula (a1-5), R a8  represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C 1  to C 6  alkyl group that may have a halogen atom, 
     Z a1  represent a single bond or *—(CH 2 ) h3 —CO-L 54 -, 
     h3 represents an integer of 1 to 4, 
     * represents a binding site to L 51 , 
     L 51 , L 52  and L 53  each independently represent —O— or —S—, 
     s1 represents an integer of 1 to 3, and 
     s1′ represents an integer of 0 to 3. 
     In the formula (a1-5), R a8  is preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or trifluoromethyl group; 
     L 51  is preferably —O—; 
     L 52  and L 53  are independently preferably —O— or —S—, and more preferably one is —O— and another is —S—. 
     s1 is preferably 1; 
     s1′ is preferably an integer of 0 to 2; 
     Z a1  is preferably a single bond or *—CH 2 —CO—O—. 
     Examples of a monomer from which the structural unit (a1-5) is derived include a monomer described in JP 2010-61117A. Among these, the monomers are preferably monomers represented by the formula (a1-5-1) to the formula (a1-5-4), and more preferably monomers represented by the formula (a1-5-1) to the formula (a1-5-2) below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     When the resin (A2) includes the structural unit (a1-5), the proportion thereof is preferably 1% by mole to 50% by mole, more preferably 3% by mole to 45% by mole, and more preferably 5% by mole to 40% by mole, with respect to the total structural units (100% by mole) constituting the resin (A2). 
     The resin (A2) includes, as the structural unit (a1), preferably at least one, more preferably two or more structural units selected from the structural unit (a1-0), the structural unit (a1-1), the structural unit (a1-2) and the structural unit (a1-5), still more preferably a combination of the structural unit (a1-1) and the structural unit (a1-2), a combination of the structural unit (a1-1) and the structural unit (a1-5), a combination of the structural unit (a1-1) and the structural unit (a1-0), a combination of the structural unit (a1-2) and the structural unit (a1-0), a combination of the structural unit (a1-5) and the structural unit (a1-0), a combination of the structural unit (a1-0), the structural unit (a1-1) and the structural unit (a1-2), a combination of the structural unit (a1-0), the structural unit (a1-1) and the structural unit (a1-5). In particular, the resin (A2) includes, as the structural unit (a1), preferably at least one of the structural unit (a1-1) and the structural unit (a1-2) and more preferably the structural unit (a1-1) and the structural unit (a1-2). 
     &lt;Structural Unit (s)&gt; 
     The structural unit (s) is derived from a monomer having no acid-labile group (which monomer is sometimes referred to as “monomer (s)”). 
     As the monomer (s) from which the structural unit (s) is derived, a known monomer having no acid-labile group can be used. 
     As the structural unit (s), a structural unit having a hydroxy group or a lactone ring but having no acid-labile group is preferred. When a resin including the structural unit derived from a structural unit having a hydroxy group but having no acid-labile group (such structural unit is sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a2)”) and/or a structural unit having a lactone ring but having no acid-labile group (such structural unit is sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a3)”) is used, the adhesiveness of resist to a substrate and resolution of resist pattern tend to be improved. 
     &lt;Structural Unit (a2)&gt; 
     The structural unit (a2) having a hydroxy group may be an alcoholic hydroxy group or a phenolic hydroxy group. 
     When KrF excimer laser lithography (248 nm), or high-energy irradiation such as electron beam or EUV (extreme ultraviolet) is used for the resist composition, using the structural unit having a phenolic hydroxy group as the structural unit (a2) is preferred. 
     When ArF excimer laser lithography (193 nm) is used, using the structural unit having an alcoholic hydroxy group as the structural unit (a2) is preferred, and using the structural unit represented by the formula (a2-1) is more preferred. 
     The structural unit (a2) may be used as a single structural unit or as a combination of two or more structural units. 
     Examples of the structural unit (a2) having a phenolic hydroxy group include a structural unit represented by the formula (a2-0) (which is sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a2-0)”). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R a30  represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C 1  to C 6  alkyl group that may have a halogen atom, 
     R a31  in each occurrence independently represents a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C 1  to C 6  alkyl group, a C 1  to C 6  alkoxy group, a C 2  to C 4  acyl group, a C 2  to C 4  acyloxy group, an acryloyloxy group or methacryloyloxy group, and 
     ma represents an integer 0 to 4. 
     Examples of the alkyl group include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, n-pentyl and n-hexyl groups. 
     Examples of the halogen atom include a chlorine atom, a fluorine atom and bromine atom. 
     Examples of a C 1  to C 6  alkyl group that may have a halogen atom of R a30  include trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, methyl, perfluoromethyl, 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl, ethyl, perfluoropropyl, 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropyl, propyl, perfluorobutyl, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutyl, butyl, perfluoropentyl, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoropentyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl and n-perfluorohexyl groups. 
     R a30  is preferably a hydrogen atom or a C 1  to C 4  alkyl group, and more preferably a hydrogen atom, methyl or ethyl group, and still more preferably a hydrogen atom or methyl group. 
     Examples of a C 1  to C 6  alkoxy group of R a31  include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, and hexyloxy groups. R a31  is preferably a C 1  to C 4  alkoxy group, more preferably a methoxy and ethoxy group, and still more preferably methoxy group. 
     Examples of the acyl group include acetyl, propanonyl and butylyl groups. 
     Examples of the acyloxy group include acetyloxy, propanonyloxy and butylyloxy groups. 
     ma is preferably 0, 1 or 2, more preferably 0 or 1, still more preferably 0. 
     The structural unit (a2-0) having a phenolic hydroxy group is preferably a structural unit represented below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Among these, a structural unit represented by the formula (a2-0-1) and the formula (a2-0-2) are preferred. 
     Examples of a monomer from which the structural unit (a2-0) is derived include monomers described in JP2010-204634A. 
     The resin (A2) which includes the structural units (a2) having a phenolic hydroxy group can be produced, for example, by polymerizing a monomer where its phenolic hydroxy group has been protected with a suitable protecting group, followed by deprotection. The deprotection is carried in such a manner that an acid-labile group in the structural unit (a1) is significantly imparired. Examples of the protecting group for a phenolic hydroxy group include an acetyl group. 
     When the resin (A2) includes the structural unit (a2-0) having the phenolic hydroxy group, the proportion thereof is preferably 5% by mole to 95% by mole, more preferably 10% by mole to 80% by mole, and still more preferably 15% by mole to 80% by mole, with respect to the total structural units (100% by mole) constituting the resin (A). 
     Examples of the structural unit (a2) having an alcoholic hydroxy group include the structural unit represented by the formula (a2-1) (which is sometimes referred to as “structural unit (a2-1)”). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In the formula (a2-1), L a3  represents —O— or *—O—(CH 2 ) k2 —CO—O—, 
     k2 represents an integer of 1 to 7, 
     * represents a binding site to —CO—, 
     R a14  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, 
     R a15  and R a16  each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a hydroxy group, and 
     ol represents an integer of 0 to 10. 
     In the formula (a2-1), L a3  is preferably —O—, —O—(CH 2 ) f1 —CO—O—, here f1 represents an integer of 1 to 4, and more preferably —O—. 
     R a14  is preferably a methyl group. 
     R a15  is preferably a hydrogen atom. 
     R a16  is preferably a hydrogen atom or a hydroxy group. 
     ol is preferably an integer of 0 to 3, and more preferably an integer of 0 or 1. 
     Examples of the monomer from which the structural unit (a2-1) is derived include monomers described in JP 2010-204646A. Among these, the structural units (a2-1) are preferably structural units represented by the formula (a2-1-1) to the formula (a2-1-6), more preferably structural units represented by the formula (a2-1-1) to the formula (a2-1-4), and still more preferably structural units represented by the formula (a2-1-1) and the formula (a2-1-3). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     When the resin (A2) includes the structural unit (a2-1) having an alcoholic hydroxy group, the proportion thereof is generally 1% by mole to 45% by mole, preferably 1% by mole to 40% by mole, more preferably 1% by mole to 35% by mole, and still more preferably 2% by mole to 20% by mole, with respect to the total structural units (100% by mole) constituting the resin (A2). 
     &lt;Structural Unit (a3)&gt; 
     The lactone ring included in the structural unit (a3) may be a monocyclic ring such as β-propiolactone, γ-butyrolactone, δ-valerolactone, or a condensed ring of monocyclic lactone ring with another ring. Examples of the lactone ring preferably include γ-butyrolactone, amadantane lactone, or bridged ring with γ-butyrolactone. 
     Examples of the structural unit (a3) include structural units represented by any of formula (a3-1), formula (a3-2), formula (a3-3) and formula (a3-4). These structural units may be used as a single unit or as a combination of two or more units. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In each formula, L a4  represents *—O— or *—O—(CH 2 ) k3 —CO—O—, k3 represents an integer of 1 to 7, * represents a binding site to a carbonyl group, 
     R a18  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, 
     R a21  in each occurrence represents a C 1  to C 4  aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and 
     p1 represents an integer of 0 to 5, 
     L a5  represents *—O— or *—O—(CH 2 ) k3 —CO—O—, k3 represents an integer of 1 to 7, * represents a binding site to a carbonyl group, 
     R a19  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, 
     R a22  in each occurrence represents a carboxy group, a cyano group or a C 1  to C 4  aliphatic hydrocarbon group, 
     q1 represents an integer of 0 to 3, 
     L a6  represents *—O— or *—O—(CH 2 ) k3 —CO—O—, k3 represents an integer of 1 to 7, * represents a binding site to a carbonyl group, 
     R a20  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, 
     R a23  in each occurrence represents a carboxy group, a cyano group or a C 1  to C 4  aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and 
     r1 represents an integer of 0 to 3, 
     R a24  represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C 1  to C 6  alkyl group that may have a halogen atom, 
     L a7  represents a single bond, *-L a8 -O—, *-L a8 -CO—O—, *-L a8 -CO—O-L a9 -CO—O—, or *-L a8 -O—CO-L a9 -O—; * represents a binding site to a carbonyl group, and 
     L a8  and L a9  each independently represent a C 1  to C 6  alkanediyl group. 
     Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group of R a21 , R a2  and R a23  include an alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl groups. 
     Examples of the halogen atom of R a24  include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine atoms; 
     Examples of the alkyl group of R a24  include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl and n-hexyl groups, preferably a C 1  to C 4  alkyl group, more preferably methyl and ethyl groups. 
     Examples of the alkyl group having a halogen atom of R a24  include trifluoromethyl, perfluoroethyl, perfluoropropyl, perfluoro-isopropyl, perfluorobutyl, perfluoro-sec-butyl, perfluoro-tert-butyl, perfluoropentyl, perfluorohexyl, trichloromethyl, tribromomethyl and triiodomethyl groups. 
     Examples of the alkanediyl group of L a8  and L a9  include methylene, ethylene, propane-1,3-diyl, propane-1,2-diyl, butane-1,4-diyl, pentane-1,5-diyl, hexane-1,6-diyl, butane-1,3-diyl, 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl, 2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl, pentane-1,4-diyl and 2-methylbutane-1,4-diyl groups. 
     In the formulae (a3-1) to (a3-3), L a4  to L a6  is independently preferably —O—, *—O—(CH 2 ) k3′ —CO—O—, here k3′ represents an integer of 1 to 4, more preferably —O— or *—O—CH 2 —CO—O—, and still more preferably *—O—. 
     R a18  to R a21  is preferably a methyl group. 
     R a22  and R a23  are independently preferably a carboxy group, a cyano group or a methyl group. 
     p1, q1 and r1 are independently preferably an integer of 0 to 2, and more preferably 0 or 1. 
     In the formula (a3-4), R a24  is preferably a hydrogen atom or a C 1  to C 4  alkyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, and still more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. 
     L a7  is preferably a single bond or *-L a8 -CO—O—, and more preferably a single bond, —CH 2 —CO—O— or —C 2 H 4 —CO—O—. 
     Examples of the monomer from which the structural unit (a3) is derived include monomers described in JP 2010-204646A, monomers described in JP2000-122294A and monomers described in JP2012-41274A. The structural units (a3) are preferably structural units represented by the formula (a3-1-1) to the formula (a3-1-4), the formula (a3-2-1) to the formula (a3-2-4), the formula (a3-3-1) to the formula (a3-3-4), the formula (a3-4-1) to the formula (a3-4-12), more preferably structural units represented by the formula (a3-1-1) to the formula (a3-1-2), the formula (a3-2-3), the formula (a3-2-4), the formula (a3-4-1) and the formula (a3-4-12), still more preferably structural units represented by the formula (a3-4-1) and the formula (a3-4-12), and further still preferably the formula (a3-4-1) to the formula (a3-4-6) below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the structural unit (a3) include the structural units represented by the formula (a3-4-1) to the formula (a3-4-12) and those in which a methyl group corresponding to R a24  has been replaced by a hydrogen atom in the structural units represented by the above formulae. 
     When the resin (A2) includes the structural units (a3), the total proportion thereof is preferably 5% by mole to 70% by mole, more preferably 10% by mole to 65% by mole, still more preferably 10% by mole to 60% by mole, with respect to the total structural units (100% by mole) constituting the resin (A2). 
     The proportion each of the formula (a3-1), the formula (a3-2), the formula (a3-3) and the formula (a3-4) is preferably 5% by mole to 60% by mole, more preferably 5% by mole to 50% by mole, still more preferably 10% by mole to 50% by mole, with respect to the total structural units (100% by mole) constituting the resin (A2). 
     &lt;Other Structural Unit (t)&gt; 
     The resin (A2) may further include a structural unit other than the structural unit (a1) and the structural unit (s) described above (which is sometimes referred to as “structural unit (t)”). Examples of the structural unit (t) include the structural unit (a4), the structural unit (I), and another structural unit other than the structural unit (a2) and the structural unit (a3). 
     When the resin (A2) includes the structural unit (a4), the proportion thereof is preferably 1 to 20% by mole, more preferably 2 to 15% by mole, and still more preferably 3 to 10% by mole, with respect to the total structural units (100% by mole) of the resin (A2). 
     When the resin (A2) includes the structural unit (I), the proportion thereof is preferably 1 to 30% by mole, more preferably 2 to 20% by mole, and still more preferably 3 to 15% by mole, with respect to the total structural units (100% by mole) of the resin (A2). 
     The resin (A2) is preferably a resin having the structural unit (a1) and the structural unit (s), that is, a copolymer of the monomer (a1) and the monomer (s). In this copolymer, the structural unit (a1) is preferably at least one of the structural unit (a1-1), the structural unit (a1-2) (preferably the structural unit having a cyclohexyl group or a cyclopentyl group) and the structural unit (a1-5), and more preferably is the structural unit (a1-1) or the structural unit (a1-2) (preferably the structural unit having a cyclohexyl group or a cyclopentyl group). 
     The structural unit (s) is preferably at least one of the structural unit (a2) and the structural unit (a3). The structural unit (a2) is preferably the structural unit represented by the formula (a2-1). The structural unit (a3) is preferably the structural unit having at least one of a γ-butyrolactone ring, a bridged ring including a γ-butyrolactone ring or an adamantane lactone ring, i.e., the structural units (a3-1-1) to (a3-1-4), the structural units (a3-2-1) to (a3-2-4) and the structural units (a3-4-1) to (a3-4-2). 
     The proportion of the structural unit derived from the monomer having an adamantyl group (in particular, the structural unit (a1-1)) in the resin (A2) is preferably 15% by mole or more with respect to the structural units (a1). As the mole ratio of the structural unit derived from the monomer having an adamantyl group increases within this range, the dry etching resistance of the resulting resist improves. 
     The resin (A2) can be produced by a known polymerization method, for example, radical polymerization method, using one or more species of monomers inducing the structural units as described above. The proportion of the structural unit in the resin (A2) can be adjusted by changing the amount of a monomer used in polymerization. 
     The weight average molecular weight of the resin (A2) is preferably 2,000 or more (more preferably 2,500 or more, and still more preferably 3,000 or more), and 50,000 or less (more preferably 30,000 or less, and still more preferably 15,000 or less). 
     The proportion of the resin (A1) is preferably 1 to 60 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass, and still more preferably 1 to 40 parts by mass, in particular preferably 2 to 30 parts by mass, with respect to the resin (A2) (100 parts by mass). 
     &lt;Resin (X)&gt; 
     The resist composition of the disclosure may include a resin (X) other than the resin (A1) and the resin (A2). Examples of the resin (X) include a resin consisting of the structural unit (s) such as the structural unit (a2), the structural unit (a3). 
     The weight average molecular weight of the resin (X) is preferably 6,000 or more (more preferably 7,000 or more), and 80,000 or less (more preferably 60,000 or less). The method of measuring of the weight average molecular weight of the resin (X) is the same as the resin (A1). 
     When the resist composition contain the resin (X), the proportion thereof is preferably 1 to 60 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass, and still more preferably 1 to 40 parts by mass, in particular preferably 2 to 30 parts by mass, with respect to the resin (A1) (100 parts by mass). 
     The total proportion of the resin (A1) and the resin (A2) is preferably 80% by mass to 99% by mass, more preferably 90% by mass to 99% by mass, with respect to the total amount of solid components of the resist composition. 
     When the resist composition includes the resin (X), the total proportion of the resin (A1), the resin (A2) and the resin (X) is preferably 80% by mass to 99% by mass, more preferably 90% by mass to 99% by mass, with respect to the total amount of solid components of the resist composition. 
     The proportion of the solid components in the resist composition and that of the resins in the solid components can be measured with a known analytical method such as liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. 
     &lt;Acid Generator (B)&gt; 
     The acid generator (B) may be an ionic acid generator or a non-ionic acid generator. The acid generator (B) may be used any an ionic acid generator and a non-ionic acid generator. Examples of the nonionic compounds for the acid generator include organic halogenated compounds; sulfonate esters, e.g. 2-nitrobenzylester, aromatic sulfonates, oximesulfonate, N-sulfonyloxyimide, sulfonyloxyketone, and diazonaphtoquione 4-sulfonate; sulfones, e.g., disulfone, ketosulfone, and sulfonium diazomethane. The ionic compounds for the acid generator include onium salts having an onium cation, e.g., diazonium salts, phosphonium salts, sulfonium salts and iodonium salts. Examples of the anions of onium salt include a sulfonic acid anion, a sulfonylimide anion, sulfonylmethide anion. 
     As the acid generator, the compounds giving an acid by radiation can be used, which are mentioned in JP63-26653A1, JP55-164824A1, JP62-69263A1, JP63-146038A1, JP63-163452A1, JP62-153853A1, JP63-146029A1, U.S. Pat. No. 3,779,778B1, U.S. Pat. No. 3,849,137B1, DE3914407 and EP126,712A1. The acid generator for the photoresist composition can be produced by the method described in the above-mentioned documents. 
     The acid generator is preferably a fluorine-containing compound, more preferably a salt represented by formula (B1) (which is sometimes referred to as “acid generator (B1)”): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein Q 1  and Q 2  each respectively represent a fluorine atom or a C 1  to C 6  perfluoroalkyl group, 
     L b1  represents a C 1  to C 24  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a methylene group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group and a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a hydroxyl group or fluorine atom, and 
     Y represents an optionally substituted C 3  to C 18  alicyclic hydrocarbon group where a methylene group may be replaced by an oxygen atom, a carbonyl group or a sulfonyl group, and 
     Z +  represents an organic cation. 
     Examples of the perfluoroalkyl group of Q 1  and Q 2  include trifluoromethyl, perfluoroethyl, perfluoropropyl, perfluoro-isopropyl, perfluorobutyl, perfluoro-sec-butyl, perfluoro-tert-butyl, perfluoropentyl and perfluorohexyl groups. 
     Q 1  and Q 2  independently are preferably trifluoromethyl or fluorine atom, and both of Q 1  and Q 2  are more preferably a fluorine atom. 
     Examples of the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group of L b1  include any of a chain or a branched alkanediyl group, a divalent mono- or a poly-alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, and a combination thereof. 
     Specific examples of the chain alkanediyl group include methylene, ethylene, propane-1,3-diyl, propane-1,2-diyl, butane-1,4-diyl, pentane-1,5-diyl, hexane-1,6-diyl, heptane-1,7-diyl, octane-1,8-diyl, nonane-1,9-diyl, decane-1,10-diyl, undecane-1,11-diyl, dodecane-1,12-diyl, tridecane-1,13-diyl, tetradecane-1,14-diyl, pentadecane-1,15-diyl, hexadecane-1,16-diyl, heptadecane-1,17-diyl groups. 
     Specific examples of the branched chain alkanediyl group include ethane-1,1-diyl, propane-1,1-diyl, propane-1,2-diyl, propane-2,2-diyl, pentane-1,4-diyl, pentane-2,4-diyl, 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl, 2-methylpropane-1,2-diyl and 2-methylbutane-1,4-diyl groups. 
     Specific examples of the mono-alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group include a cycloalkanediyl group such as cyclobutan-1,3-diyl, cyclopentan-1,3-diyl, cyclohexane-1,4-diyl and cyclooctan-1,5-diyl groups. 
     Specific examples of the poly-alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon group include norbornane-1,4-diyl, norbornane-2,5-diyl, adamantane-1,5-diyl and adamantane-2,6-diyl groups. 
     Examples of the saturated hydrocarbon group of L b1  in which a methylene group has been replaced by oxygen atom or a carbonyl group include the following groups represented by formula (b1-1) to formula (b1-3): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein L b2  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 22  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a fluorine atom; 
     L b3  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 22  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and a methylene group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group; 
     provided that the total carbon number contained in the group of L b2  and L b3  is 22 or less; 
     L b4  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 22  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a fluorine atom; 
     L b5  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 22  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and a methylene group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group; 
     provided that the total carbon number contained in the group of L b4  and L b5  is 22 or less; 
     L b6  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 23  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group; 
     L b7  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 23  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and a methylene group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group; 
     provided that the total carbon number contained in the group of L b6  and L b7  is 23 or less, and 
     * represents a binding site to —Y. 
     In formula (b1-1) to formula (b1-3), when a methylene group has been replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group, the carbon number of the saturated hydrocarbon group corresponds to the number of the carbon atom before replacement. 
     Examples of the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group are the same examples as the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group of L b1 . 
     L b2  is preferably a single bond. 
     L b3  is preferably a C 1  to C 4  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group. 
     L b4  is preferably a C 1  to C 8  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a fluorine atom. 
     L b5  is preferably a single bond or a C 1  to C 8  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group. 
     L b6  is preferably a single bond or a C 1  to C 4  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a fluorine atom. 
     L b7  is preferably a single bond or a C 1  to C 18  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group, and where a methylene group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group. 
     Among these, the group represented by the formula (b1-1) or the formula (b1-3) is preferred. 
     Examples of the divalent group represented by the formula (b1-1) include the following groups represented by formula (b1-4) to formula (b1-8): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein L b8  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 22  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group; 
     L b9  represents a C 1  to C 20  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group; 
     L b10  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 19  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group; 
     provided that the total carbon number contained in the group of L b9  and L b10  is 20 or less; 
     L b11  represents a C 1  to C 21  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group; 
     L b12  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 20  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group; 
     provided that the total carbon number contained in the group of L b11  and L b12  is 21 or less; 
     L b13  represents a C 1  to C 19  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group; 
     L b14  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 18  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group; 
     L b15  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 18  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group; 
     provided that the total carbon number contained in the group of L b13 , L b14  and L b15  is 19 or less; 
     L b16  represents a C 1  to C 18  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group; 
     L b17  represents a C 1  to C 18  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group; 
     L b18  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 17  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a fluorine atom or a hydroxy group; 
     provided that the total carbon number contained in the group of L b16 , L b17  and L b18  is 19 or less. 
     L b8  is preferably a C 1  to C 4  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group. 
     L b9  is preferably a C 1  to C 8  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group. 
     L b10  is preferably a single bond or a C 1  to C 19  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group, and more preferably a single bond or a C 1  to C 8  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group. 
     L b11  is preferably a C 1  to C 8  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group. 
     L b12  is preferably a single bond or a C 1  to C 8  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group. 
     L b13  is preferably a C 1  to C 12  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group. 
     L b14  is preferably a single bond or a C 1  to C 6  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group. 
     L b15  is preferably a single bond or a C 1  to C 18  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group, and more preferably a single bond or a C 1  to C 8  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group. 
     L b16  is preferably a C 1  to C 12  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group. 
     L b17  is preferably a C 1  to C 6  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group. 
     L b18  is preferably a single bond or a C 1  to C 17  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group, and more preferably a single bond or a C 1  to C 4  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group. 
     Examples of the divalent group represented by the formula (b1-3) include the following groups represented by formula (b1-9) to formula (b1-11): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein L b19  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 23  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a fluorine atom; 
     L b20  represent a single bond or a C 1  to C 23  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group or an acyloxy group, and a methylene group contained in an acyloxy group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group, and a hydrogen atom contained in an acyloxy group may be replaced by a hydroxy group, 
     provided that the total carbon number contained in the group of L b19  and L b20  is 23 or less; 
     L b21  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 21  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a fluorine atom; 
     L b22  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 21  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group; 
     L b23  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 21  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group or an acyloxy group, and a methylene group contained in an acyloxy group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group, and a hydrogen atom contained in an acyloxy group may be replaced by a hydroxy group, 
     provided that the total carbon number contained in the group of L b21 , L b22  and Lb 23  is 21 or less; 
     L b24  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 20  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a fluorine atom; 
     L b25  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 21  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group; 
     L b26  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 20  divalent saturated hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group or an acyloxy group, and a methylene group contained in an acyloxy group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group, and a hydrogen atom contained in an acyloxy group may be replaced by a hydroxy group, 
     provided that the total carbon number contained in the group of L b24 , L b25  and L b26  is 21 or less. 
     In formula (b1-9) to formula (b1-11), when a hydrogen atom has been replaced by an acyloxy group, the carbon number of the saturated hydrocarbon group corresponds to the number of the carbon atom, CO and O in addition to the carbon number of the saturated hydrocarbon group. 
     For formula (b1-9) to formula (b1-11), examples of the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group include an alkanediyl and a monocyclic or polycyclic divalent saturated hydrocarbon group, and a combination of two or more such groups. 
     Examples of the acyloxy group include acetyloxy, propionyloxy, butyryloxy, cyclohexyl carbonyloxy and adamantyl carbonyloxy groups. 
     Examples of the acyloxy group having a substituent include oxoadamantyl carbonyloxy, hydroxyadamantyl carbonyloxy, oxocyclohexyl carbonyloxy and hydroxycyclohexyl carbonyloxy groups. 
     Examples of the group represented by the formula (b1-4) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the group represented by the formula (b1-5) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the group represented by the formula (b1-6) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the group represented by the formula (b1-7) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the group represented by the formula (b1-8) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the group represented by the formula (b1-2) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the group represented by the formula (b1-9) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the group represented by the formula (b1-10) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the group represented by the formula (b1-11) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group of Y include groups represented by formula (Y1) to formula (Y11). 
     Examples of the monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group of Y in which a methylene group has been replaced by an oxygen atom, a carbonyl group or a sulfonyl group include groups represented by formula (Y12) to formula (Y27). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Among these, the alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferably any one of groups represented by the formula (Y1) to the formula (Y19), more preferably any one of groups represented by the formula (Y11), (Y14), (Y15) or (Y19), and still more preferably group represented by the formula (Y11) or (Y14). 
     Examples of the substituent for the alicyclic group of Y include a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C 1  to C 12  alkyl group, a hydroxy group-containing C 1  to C 12  alkyl group, a C 3  to C 16  monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, a C 1  to C 12  alkoxy group, a C 6  to C 18  monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group, a C 7  to C 21  aralkyl group, a C 2  to C 4  acyl group, a glycidyloxy group and —(CH 2 ) j2 —O—CO—R b1 — in which R b1  represents an C 1  to C 16  alkyl group, a C 3  to C 16  monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, or a C 6  to C 18  monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group, and j2 represents an integer of 0 to 4. 
     Examples of the hydroxy group-containing alkyl group include hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl groups 
     Examples of the alkoxyl group include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, heptyloxy, octyloxy, decyloxy and dodecyloxy groups. 
     Examples of the monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group include an aryl group such as phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, p-methylphenyl, p-tert-butylphenyl, p-adamantylphenyl, tolyl, xylyl, cumenyl, mesityl, biphenyl, phenanthryl, 2,6-diethylphenyl and 2-methyl-6-ethylphenyl groups. 
     Examples of the aralkyl group include benzyl, phenethyl, phenylpropyl, naphthylmethyl and naphthylethyl groups. 
     Examples of the acyl group include acetyl, propionyl and butyryl groups. 
     Examples of the halogen atom include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine atoms. 
     Examples of Y include the groups below. * represents a binding site to L b1 . 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Y is preferably a C 3  to C 18  monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, more preferably an adamantyl group which may have a substituent and one or more methylene group contained in the adamantyl group may be replaced with an oxygen atom, a carbonyl group or a sulfonyl group, and still more preferably an adamantyl group, a hydroxyadamantyl group or an oxoadamantyl group. 
     The sulfonic acid anion in the salt represented by the formula (B1) is preferably an anions represented by formula (B1-A-1) to formula (B1-A-33), and more preferably an anions represented by formula (B1-A-1) to formula (B1-A-4), formula (B1-A-9), formula (B1-A-10), formula (B1-A-24) to formula (B1-A-33), below. 
     In the formula (B1-A-1) to the formula (B1-A-33), R i2  to R i7  independently represent, for example, a C 1  to C 4  alkyl group, and preferably methyl or ethyl group, R i8  represent, for example, a C 1  to C 12  aliphatic hydrocarbon group, preferably a C 1  to C 4  alkyl group, a C 5  to C 12  monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a group formed by a combination thereof, more preferably a methyl, ethyl group, cyclohexyl group or adamantyl group. L 44  represents a single bond or a C 1  to C 4  alkanediyl group. Q 1  and Q 2  represent the same meaning as defined above. 
     Specific examples of the sulfonic acid anion in the salt represented by the formula (B1) include anions mentioned in JP2010-204646A1. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Among these, preferred examples of the sulfonic acid anion for the salt represented by the formula (B1) include anions represented by formulae (B1a-1) to (B1a-15). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Among them, preferred examples of the sulfonic acid anion include anions represented by the formulae (B1a-1) to (B1a-3) and (B1a-7) to (B1a-15). 
     Examples of the organic cation represented by Z +  include an organic onium cation such as an organic sulfonium cation, an organic iodonium cation, an organic ammonium cation, a benzothiazolium cation and an organic phosphonium cation, and an organic sulfonium cation and an organic iodonium cation are preferred, and an arylsulfonium cation is more preferred. 
     Z +  of the formula (B1) is preferably represented by any of the formula (b2-1) to the formula (b2-4): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R b4 , R b5  and R b6  independently represent a C 1  to C 30  aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a C 3  to C 36  alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a C 6  to C 36  aromatic hydrocarbon group, a hydrogen atom contained in an aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by a hydroxy group, a C 1  to C 12  alkoxy group, a C 3  to C 12  alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a C 6  to C 18  aromatic hydrocarbon group, a hydrogen atom contained in an alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by a halogen atom, a C 1  to C 18  aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a C 2  to C 4  acyl group or a glycidyloxy group, a hydrogen atom contained in an aromatic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by a halogen atom, a hydroxy group or a C 1  to C 12  alkoxy group, or R b4  and R b5  may be bonded together with a sulfur atom bonded thereto to form a sulfur-containing ring, a methylene group contained in the ring may be replaced by an oxygen atom, a —SO— or a carbonyl group; 
     R b7  and R b8  in each occurrence independently represent a hydroxy group, a C 1  to C 12  aliphatic hydrocarbon group or a C 1  to C 12  alkoxy group, 
     m2 and n2 independently represent an integer of 0 to 5; 
     R b9  and R b10  each independently represent a C 1  to C 36  aliphatic hydrocarbon group or a C 3  to C 36  alicyclic hydrocarbon group, or R b9  and R b10  may be bonded together with a sulfur atom bonded thereto to form a sulfur-containing ring, and a methylene group contained in the ring may be replaced by an oxygen atom, a —SO— or a carbonyl group; 
     R b11  represents a hydrogen atom, a C 1  to C 36  aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a C 3  to C 36  alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a C 6  to C 18  aromatic hydrocarbon group; 
     R b12  represents a C 1  to C 12  aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a C 3  to C 18  alicyclic hydrocarbon group and a C 6  to C 18  aromatic hydrocarbon group, a hydrogen atom contained in an aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by a C 6  to C 18  aromatic hydrocarbon group, and a hydrogen atom contained in an aromatic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by a C 1  to C 12  alkoxy group or a C 1  to C 12  alkyl carbonyloxy group; 
     R b11  and R b12  may be bonded together with —CH—CO— bonded thereto to form a ring, and a methylene group contained in the ring may be replaced by an oxygen atom, a —SO— or a carbonyl group; 
     R b13 , R b14 , R b15 , R b16 , R b17  and R b18  in each occurrence independently represent a hydroxy group, a C 1  to C 12  aliphatic hydrocarbon group or a C 1  to C 12  alkoxy group; 
     L b11  represents —S— or —O—;
         o2, p2, s2 and t2 independently represent an integer of 0 to 5;   q2 or r2 independently represent an integer of 0 to 4; and       

     u2 represents an integer of 0 or 1. 
     Examples of the aliphatic group preferably include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl and 2-ethylhexyl groups. 
     Among these, the aliphatic hydrocarbon group of R b9  to R b12  is preferably a C 1  to C 12  aliphatic hydrocarbon group. 
     Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group preferably include monocyclic groups such as a cycloalkyl group, i.e., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclodecyl groups; and polycyclic groups such as decahydronaphtyl, adamantyl and norbornyl groups as well as the following groups. * represents a binding site. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Among these, the alicyclic hydrocarbon group of R b9  to R b12  is preferably a C 3  to C 18  alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably a C 4  to C 12  alicyclic hydrocarbon group. 
     Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by an aliphatic hydrocarbon group include methylcyclohexyl, dimethylcyclohexyl, 2-alkyladamantane-2-yl, methylnorbornyl and isobornyl groups. In the alicyclic hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, the total carbon number of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group and the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferably 20 or less. 
     Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group preferably include an aryl group such as phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, cumenyl, mesityl, p-ethylphenyl, p-tert-butylphenyl, p-cyclohexylphenyl, p-adamantylphenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, 2,6-diethylphenyl and 2-methyl-6-ethylphenyl groups. 
     When the aromatic hydrocarbon includes an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, a C 1  to C 18  aliphatic hydrocarbon group or a C 3  to C 18  alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferred. 
     Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by an alkoxy group include a p-methoxyphenyl group. 
     Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by an aromatic hydrocarbon group include an aralkyl group such as benzyl, phenethyl phenylpropyl, trityl, naphthylmethyl and naphthylethyl groups. 
     Examples of the alkoxy group include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, heptyloxy, octyloxy, and dodecyloxy groups. 
     Examples of the acyl group include acetyl, propionyl and butyryl groups. 
     Examples of the halogen atom include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine atoms. 
     Examples of the alkylcarbonyloxy group include methylcarbonyloxy, ethylcarbonyloxy, n-propylcarbonyloxy, isopropylcarbonyloxy, n-butylcarbonyloxy, sec-butylcarbonyloxy, tert-butyl carbonyloxy, pentylcarbonyloxy, hexylcarbonyloxy, octylcarbonyloxy and 2-ethylhexylcarobonyloxy groups. 
     The sulfur atom-containing ring which is formed by R b4  and R b5  may be a monocyclic or polycyclic group, which may be an aromatic or non-aromatic group, and which may be a saturated or unsaturated group. The ring is preferably a ring having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably a ring having 4 to 13 carbon atoms. Examples of the sulfur atom-containing ring include a 3- to 12-membered ring, preferably a 3- to 7-membered ring, examples thereof include the following rings. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the ring formed by R b9  and R b10  may be any of monocyclic, polycyclic, aromatic, non-aromatic, saturated and unsaturated rings. The ring may be a 3- to 12-membered ring, preferably a 3- to 7-membered ring. Examples of the ring include thiolane-1-ium ring (tetrahydrothiophenium ring), thian-1-ium ring and 1,4-oxathian-4-ium ring. 
     Examples of the ring formed by R b11  and R b12  may be any of monocyclic, polycyclic, aromatic, non-aromatic, saturated and unsaturated rings. The ring may be a 3- to 12-membered ring, preferably a 3- to 7-membered ring. Examples of the ring include oxocycloheptane ring, oxocyclohexane ring, oxonorbornane ring and oxoadamantane ring. 
     Among the cations represented by the formula (b2-1) to the formula (b2-4), the cation represented by the formula (b2-1) is preferred. 
     Examples of the cation (b2-1) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the cation (b2-2) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the cation (b2-3) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of the cation (b2-4) include the following ones. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Preferred acid generators (B1) are represented by the formula (B1-1) to the formula (B1-30). Among these, the formulae (B1-1), (B1-2), (B1-3), (B1-5), (B1-6), (B1-7), (B1-11), (B1-12), (B1-13), (B1-14), (B1-17), (B1-20), (B1-21), (B1-23), (B1-24), (B1-25), (B1-26) and (B1-29) which contain arylsulfonium cation are preferred. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The proportion of the acid generator (B1) is preferably 30% by mass or more, and 100% by mass or less, more preferably 50% by mass or more, and 100% by mass or less, and still more preferably substantially 100% by weight with respect to 100% by mass of total acid generator (B). 
     In the resist composition of the disclosure, the proportion of the acid generator (B) is preferably 1 parts by mass or more and more preferably 3 parts by mass or more, and preferably 30 parts by mass or less and more preferably 25 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin (A1). 
     In the resist composition of the disclosure, the acid generator (B) may be used as a single salt or as a combination of two or more of salts. 
     &lt;Solvent (E)&gt; 
     The proportion of a solvent (E) is generally 90% by mass or more, preferably 92% by mass or more, and more preferably 94% by mass or more, and also preferably 99% by mass or less, and more preferably 99.9% by mass or less. The proportion of the solvent (E) can be measured with a known analytical method such as liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. 
     Examples of the solvent (E) include glycol ether esters such as ethylcellosolve acetate, methylcellosolve acetate and propyleneglycolmonomethylether acetate; glycol ethers such as propyleneglycolmonomethylether; esters such as ethyl lactate, butyl acetate, amyl acetate and ethyl pyruvate; ketones such as acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, 2-heptanone and cyclohexanone; and cyclic esters such as γ-butyrolactone. These solvents may be used as a single solvent or as a mixture of two or more solvents. 
     &lt;Quencher (C)&gt; 
     The resist composition of the disclosure may include a quencher such as a basic nitrogen-containing organic compound and a salt which generates an acid weaker in acidity than an acid generated from the acid generator. 
     The proportion of the quencher is preferably 0.01% by mass to 5% by mass with respect to the total solid components of the resist composition. 
     Examples of the basic nitrogen-containing organic compound include an amine and ammonium salts. The amine may be an aliphatic amine or an aromatic amine. The aliphatic amine includes any of a primary amine, secondary amine and tertiary amine. 
     Specific examples of the amine include 1-naphtylamine, 2-naphtylamine, aniline, diisopropylaniline, 2-, 3- or 4-methylaniline, 4-nitroaniline, N-methylaniline, N,N-dimethylaniline, diphenylamine, hexylamine, heptylamine, octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, dibutylamine, dipentylamine, dihexylamine, diheptylamine, dioctylamine, dinonylamine, didecylamine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, tripentylamine, trihexylamine, triheptylamine, trioctylamine, trinonylamine, tridecylamine, methyldibutylamine, methyldipentylamine, methyldihexylamine, methyldicyclohexylamine, methyldiheptylamine, methyldioctylamine, methyldinonylamine, methyldidecylamine, ethyldibutylamine, ethyldipentylamine, ethyldihexylamine, ethyldiheptylamine, ethyldioctylamine, ethyldinonylamine, ethyldidecylamine, dicyclohexylmethylamine, tris[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]amine, triisopropanolamine, ethylene diamine, tetramethylene diamine, hexamethylene diamine, 4,4′-diamino-1,2-diphenylethane, 4,4′-diamino-3,3′-dimethyldiphenylmethane, 4,4′-diamino-3,3′-diethyldiphenylmethane, 2,2′-methylenebisaniline, imidazole, 4-methylimidazole, pyridine, 4-methylpyridine, 1,2-di(2-pyridyl)ethane, 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethane, 1,2-di(2-pyridyl)ethene, 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethene, 1,3-di(4-pyridyl)propane, 1,2-di(4-pyridyloxy)ethane, di(2-pyridyl)ketone, 4,4′-dipyridyl sulfide, 4,4′-dipyridyl disulfide, 2,2′-dipyridylamine, 2,2′-dipicolylamine and bipyridine. Among these, diisopropylaniline is preferred, particularly 2,6-diisopropylaniline is more preferred. 
     Specific examples of the ammonium salt include tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraisopropylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, tetrahexylammonium hydroxide, tetraoctylammonium hydroxide, phenyltrimethyl ammonium hydroxide, 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, tetra-n-butyl ammonium salicylate and choline. 
     &lt;Weak Acid Salt&gt; 
     The salt generating an acid which is lower in acidity than an acid generated from the acid generator (B) is sometimes referred to as “weak acid salt”. The “acidity” can be represented by acid dissociation constant, pKa, of an acid generated from a weak acid salt. Examples of the weak acid salt include a salt generating an acid of pKa represents generally more than −3, preferably −1 to 7, and more preferably 0 to 5. 
     Specific examples of the weak acid salt include the following salts, the salt of formula (D), and salts as disclosed in JP2012-229206A1, JP2012-6908A1, JP2012-72109A1, JP2011-39502A1 and JP2011-191745A1, preferably the salt of formula (D). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In the formula (D), R D1  and R D2  in each occurrence independently represent a C 1  to C 12  hydrocarbon group, a C 1  to C 6  alkoxyl group, a C 2  to C 7  acyl group, a C 2  to C 7  acyloxy group, a C 2  to C 7  alkoxycarbonyl group, a nitro group or a halogen atom; 
     m′ and n′ each independently represent an integer of 0 to 4. 
     Examples of the hydrocarbon group of R D1  and R D2  include any of an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group and a combination thereof. 
     Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl and nonyl groups. 
     The alicyclic hydrocarbon group is any one of monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon group, and saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group. Examples thereof include a cycloalkyl group such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclononyl and cyclododecyl groups; adamantyl and norbornyl groups. The alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferably saturated hydrocarbon group. 
     Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include an aryl group such as phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-propylphenyl, 4-isopropylphenyl, 4-butylphenyl, 4-tert-butylphenyl, 4-hexylphenyl, 4-cyclohexylphenyl, anthryl, p-adamantylphenyl, tolyl, xylyl, cumenyl, mesityl, biphenyl, phenanthryl, 2,6-diethylphenyl and 2-methyl-6-ethylphenyl groups. 
     Examples of the combination thereof include an alkyl-cycloalkyl, a cycloalkyl-alkyl, aralkyl (e.g., phenylmethyl, 1-phenylethyl, 2-phenylethyl, 1-phenyl-1-propyl, 1-phenyl-2-propyl, 2-phenyl-2-propyl, 3-phenyl-1-propyl, 4-phenyl-1-butyl, 5-phenyl-1-pentyl and 6-phenyl-1-hexyl groups) groups. 
     Examples of the alkoxyl group include methoxy and ethoxy groups. 
     Examples of the acyl group include acetyl, propanonyl, benzoyl and cyclohexanecarbonyl groups. 
     Examples of the acyloxy group include a group in which oxy group (—O—) bonds to an acyl group. 
     Examples of the alkoxycarbonyl group include a group in which the carbonyl group (—CO—) bonds to the alkoxy group. 
     Example of the halogen atom is a chlorine atom, a fluorine atom and bromine atom. 
     In the formula (D), R D1  and R D2  in each occurrence independently preferably represent a C 1  to C 8  alkyl group, a C 3  to C 10  cycloalkyl group, a C 1  to C 6  alkoxyl group, a C 2  to C 4  acyl group, a C 2  to C 4  acyloxy group, a C 2  to C 4  alkoxycarbonyl group, a nitro group or a halogen atom. 
     m′ and n′ independently preferably represent an integer of 0 to 3, more preferably an integer of 0 to 2, and more preferably 0. 
     Specific examples of the salt of the formula (D) include compounds below. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The salt of the formula (D) can be produced by a method described in “Tetrahedron Vol. 45, No. 19, p6281-6296”. Also, commercially available compounds can be used as the salt of the formula (D). 
     In the resist composition of the disclosure, the proportion of the salt which generates an acid weaker in acidity than an acid generated from the acid generator, for example, the salt of the formula (D) is preferably 0.01% by mass to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.01% by mass to 4% by mass, and still more preferably 0.01% by mass to 3% by mass with respect to total solid components of the resist composition. 
     &lt;Other Ingredient&gt; 
     The resist composition can also include other ingredient (which is sometimes referred to as “other ingredient (F)”). Examples of the other ingredient (F) include various additives such as sensitizers, dissolution inhibitors, surfactants, stabilizers, and dyes, as needed. 
     &lt;Preparing the Resist Composition&gt; 
     The present resist composition can be prepared by mixing the resins (A1) and (A2), the acid generator (B), the resin other than the resin (A), the quencher, the solvent (E) and the other ingredient (F), as needed. There is no particular limitation on the order of mixing. The mixing may be performed in an arbitrary order. The temperature of mixing may be adjusted to an appropriate temperature within the range of 10 to 40° C., depending on the kinds of the resin and solubility in the solvent (E) of the resin. The time of mixing may be adjusted to an appropriate time within the range of 0.5 to 24 hours, depending on the mixing temperature. There is no particular limitation to the tool for mixing. An agitation mixing may be used. 
     After mixing the above ingredients, the present resist compositions can be prepared by filtering the mixture through a filter having about 0.003 to 0.2 m pore diameter. 
     &lt;Method for Producing Resist Pattern&gt; 
     The method for producing a resist pattern of the disclosure includes the steps of: 
     (1) applying the resist composition of the disclosure onto a substrate; 
     (2) drying the applied composition to form a composition layer; 
     (3) exposing the composition layer; 
     (4) heating the exposed composition layer, and 
     (5) developing the heated composition layer. 
     Applying the resist composition onto the substrate can generally be carried out through the use of a resist application device, such as a spin coater known in the field of semiconductor microfabrication technique. Examples of the substrate include inorganic substrates such as silicon wafer. The substrate may be washed, and an organic antireflection film may be formed on the substrate by use of a commercially available antireflection composition, before the application of the resist composition. 
     The solvent evaporates from the resist composition and a composition layer with the solvent removed is formed. Drying the applied composition layer, for example, can be carried out using a heating device such as a hotplate (so-called “prebake”), a decompression device, or a combination thereof. The temperature is preferably within the range of 50 to 200° C. The time for heating is preferably 10 to 180 seconds. The pressure is preferably within the range of 1 to 1.0×10 5  Pa. 
     The obtained composition layer is generally exposed using an exposure apparatus or a liquid immersion exposure apparatus. The exposure is generally carried out using with various types of exposure light source, such as irradiation with ultraviolet lasers, i.e., KrF excimer laser (wavelength: 248 nm), ArF excimer laser (wavelength: 193 nm), F 2  excimer laser (wavelength: 157 nm), irradiation with harmonic laser light of far-ultraviolet or vacuum ultra violet wavelength-converted laser light from a solid-state laser source (YAG or semiconductor laser or the like), or irradiation with electron beam or EUV or the like. In the specification, such exposure to radiation is sometimes referred to be collectively called as exposure. The exposure is generally carried out through a mask that corresponds to the desired pattern. When electron beam is used as the exposure light source, direct writing without using a mask can be carried out. 
     After exposure, the composition layer is subjected to a heat treatment (so-called “post-exposure bake”) to promote the deprotection reaction. The heat treatment can be carried out using a heating device such as a hotplate. The heating temperature is generally in the range of 50 to 200° C., preferably in the range of 70 to 150° C. 
     The developing of the baked composition film is usually carried out with a developer using a development apparatus. Developing can be conducted in the manner of dipping method, paddle method, spray method and dynamic dispensing method. 
     Temperature for developing is generally 5 to 60° C. The time for developing is preferably 5 to 300 seconds. 
     The photoresist pattern obtained from the photoresist composition may be a positive one or a negative one by selecting suitable developer. 
     The development for obtaining a positive photoresist pattern is usually carried out with an alkaline developer. The alkaline developer to be used may be any one of various alkaline aqueous solution used in the art. Generally, an aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide or (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide (commonly known as “choline”) is often used. The surfactant may be contained in the alkaline developer. 
     After development, the resist pattern formed is preferably washed with ultrapure water, and the residual water remained on the resist film or on the substrate is preferably removed therefrom. 
     The development for obtaining a negative photoresist pattern is usually carried out with a developer containing an organic solvent. The organic solvent to be used may be any one of various organic solvents used in the art, examples of which include ketone solvents such as 2-hexanone, 2-heptanone; glycol ether ester solvents such as propyleneglycolmonomethylether acetate; ester solvents such as the butyl acetate; glycol ether solvents such as the propyleneglycolmonomethylether; amide solvents such as N,N-dimethylacetamide; aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as anisole. 
     In the developer containing an organic solvent, the amount of organic solvents is preferably 90% by mass to 100% by mass, more preferably 95% by mass to 100% by mass of the developer. The developer still more preferably consists essentially of organic solvents. 
     Among these, the developer containing an organic solvent preferably contains butyl acetate and/or 2-heptanone. In the developer containing an organic solvent, the total amount of butyl acetate and 2-heptanone is preferably 50% by mass to 100% by mass of the developer, more preferably 90% by mass to 100% by mass of the developer. The developer still more preferably consists essentially of butyl acetate and/or 2-heptanone. 
     Developers containing an organic solvent may contain a surfactant. Also, the developer containing an organic solvent may include a little water. 
     The developing with a developer containing an organic solvent can be finished by replacing the developer by another solvent. 
     After development, the photoresist pattern formed is preferably washed with a rinse agent. Such rinse agent is not unlimited provided that it does not detract a photoresist pattern. Examples of the agent include solvents which contain organic solvents other than the above-mentioned developers, such as alcohol agents or ester agents. 
     After washing, the residual rinse agent remained on the substrate or photoresist film is preferably removed therefrom. 
     &lt;Application&gt; 
     The resist composition of the disclosure is useful for excimer laser lithography such as ArF, KrF, electron beam (EB) exposure lithography or extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) exposure lithography, and is more useful for ArF excimer laser exposure lithography. 
     The resist composition of the disclosure can be used in semiconductor microfabrication. 
     EXAMPLES 
     The disclosure will be described more specifically by way of examples, which are not construed to limit the scope of the disclosure. 
     All percentages and parts expressing the content or amounts used in the Examples and Comparative Examples are based on mass, unless otherwise specified. 
     The weight average molecular weight is a value determined by gel permeation chromatography. 
     Column: TSK gel Multipore HXL-M x 3+guardcolumn (Tosoh Co. Ltd.) 
     Eluant: tetrahydrofuran 
     Flow rate: 1.0 mL/min 
     Detecting device: RI detector 
     Column temperature: 40° C. 
     Injection amount: 100 μL 
     Standard material for calculating molecular weight: standard polystyrene (Tosoh Co. ltd.) 
     Structures of compounds were determined by mass spectrometry (Liquid Chromatography: 1100 Type, manufactured by AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES LTD., Mass Spectrometry: LC/MSD Type, manufactured by AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES LTD.). The value of the peak in the mass spectrometry is referred to as “MASS”. 
     Synthesis Example 1 
     Synthesis of the Salt Represented by the Formula (B1-5) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Into a reactor, 50.49 parts of compound represented by the formula (B1-5-a) and 252.44 parts of chloroform were charged and stirred at 23° C. for 30 minutes. Then 16.27 parts of compound represented by the formula (B1-5-b) were dropped thereinto and the obtained mixture was stirred at 23° C. for one hour to obtain a solution containing a salt represented by the formula (B1-5-c). To the obtained solution, 48.80 parts of a salt represented by the formula (B1-5-d) and 84.15 parts of ion-exchanged water were added and the obtained mixture was stirred at 23° C. for 12 hours. From the obtained solution which had two layers, the chloroform layer was collected and then 84.15 parts of ion-exchanged water were added thereto for washing. The washing with water step was conducted five times. To the washed chloroform layer, 3.88 parts of active carbon was added and the obtained mixture was stirred, followed by filtrating. The collected filtrate was concentrated and then 125.87 parts of acetonitrile were added thereto and the obtained mixture was stirred, followed by being concentrated. 20.62 parts of acetonitrile and 309.30 parts of tert-butyl methyl ether were added to the obtained residues, followed by being stirred at 23° C. for about 30 minutes. Then the supernatant was removed therefrom, and the residues were concentrated. To the concentrated residues, 200 parts of n-heptane were added and the obtained mixture was stirred at 23° C. for about 30 minutes, followed by being filtrated whereby giving 61.54 parts of the salt represented by the formula (B1-5). 
     MASS(ESI(+)Spectrum):M+ 375.2 
     MASS(ESI(−)Spectrum):M− 339.1 
     Synthesis Example 2 
     Synthesis of the Salt Represented by the Formula (B1-21) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The compound represented by the formula (B1-21-b) was produced according to a method recited in JP2008-209917A1. 
     Into a reactor, 30.00 parts of compound represented by the formula (B1-21-b) and 35.50 parts of salt represented by the formula (B1-21-a), 100 parts of chloroform and 50 parts of ion exchanged water were charged and stirred at 23° C. for about 15 hours. The obtained reaction mixture, which had two layers, was separated into a chloroform layer therefrom. To the chloroform layer, 30 parts of ion exchanged water was added and washed with it. These steps were conducted five times. Then the washed layer was concentrated, and then, 100 parts of tert-butyl methyl ether was added to the obtained residues and the obtained mixture was stirred at 23° C. for about 30 minutes. The resulting mixture was filtrated to obtain 48.57 parts of salt represented by the formula (B1-21-c). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Into a reactor, 20.00 parts of salt represented by the formula (B1-21-c), 2.84 parts of compound represented by the formula (B1-21-d) and 250 parts of monochlorobenzene were charged and stirred at 23° C. for 30 minutes. To the resulting mixture, 0.21 parts of copper (II) dibenzoate was added and the obtained mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and then, 200 parts of chloroform and 50 parts of ion exchanged water were added to the obtained residues and the obtained mixture was stirred at 23° C. for 30 minutes, followed by separating an organic layer to wash with water. 50 parts of ion exchanged water was added to the obtained organic layer, and the obtained mixture was stirred at 23° C. for 30 minutes, followed by separating an organic layer. The washing step with water was conducted five times. The obtained organic layer was concentrated, and then the obtained residues were dissolved in 53.51 parts of acetonitrile. Then the mixture was concentrated, and then 113.05 parts of tert-butyl methyl ether was added thereto and the obtained mixture was stirred, followed by filtrating it to obtain 10.47 parts of the salt represented by the formula (B1-21). 
     MASS(ESI(+)Spectrum):M+ 237.1 
     MASS(ESI(−)Spectrum):M− 339.1 
     Synthesis Example 3 
     Synthesis of the Salt Represented by the Formula (B1-22) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Into a reactor, 11.26 parts of salt represented by the formula (B1-21-a), 10 parts of compound represented by the formula (B1-22-b), 50 parts of chloroform and 25 parts of ion exchanged water were charged and stirred at 23° C. for about 15 hours. The obtained reaction mixture, which had two layers, was separated into a chloroform layer therefrom. To the chloroform layer, 15 parts of ion exchanged water were added and washed with it: These steps were conducted five times. Then the washed layer was concentrated, and then 50 parts of tert-butyl methyl ether was added to the obtained residues, and the obtained mixture was stirred at 23° C. for about 30 minutes. The resulting mixture was filtrated to obtain 11.75 parts of the salt represented by the formula (B1-22-c). 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Into a reactor, 11.71 parts of a salt represented by the formula (B1-22-c), 1.70 parts of a compound represented by the formula (B1-21-d) and 46.84 parts of monochlorobenzene were charged and stirred at 23° C. for 30 minutes. To the resulting mixture, 0.12 parts of copper (II) dibenzoate was added and the obtained mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and then 50 parts of chloroform and 12.50 parts of ion exchanged water were added to the obtained residues, and the obtained mixture was stirred at 23° C. for 30 minutes, followed by separating an organic layer to wash with water. 12.50 parts of ion exchanged water was added to the obtained organic layer and the obtained mixture was stirred at 23° C. for 30 minutes, followed by separating an organic layer to wash with water. The washing step with water was conducted eight times. Then the obtained organic layer was concentrated, and then 50 parts of tert-butyl methyl ether were added thereto and the obtained mixture was stirred, followed by filtrating it to obtain 6.84 parts of the salt represented by the formula (B1-22). 
     MASS(ESI(+)Spectrum):M+ 237.1 
     MASS(ESI(−)Spectrum):M− 323.0 
     Synthesis Examples of Resins 
     The monomers used for Synthesis Examples of the resins are shown below. These monomers are referred to as “monomer (X)” where “(X)” is the symbol of the formula representing the structure of each monomer. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Example 1 
     Synthesis of Resin A1-1 
     Monomer (a4-0-1), monomer (I-2) and monomer (II-1) were mixed together with the mole ratio of monomer (a4-0-1), monomer (I-2) and monomer (II-1)=50:35:15, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate was added thereto in the amount equal to 1.2 times by mass of the total amount of monomers to obtain a solution. Azobisisobutyronitrile and azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were added as initiators to the solution in the amounts of 0.85% by mole and 2.55% by mole respectively with respect to the total amount of monomers, and the resultant mixture was heated for about 5 hours at 75° C. Then, the obtained reaction mixture was poured into a large amount of a mixture of methanol and ion exchanged water to precipitate a resin. The obtained resin was filtrated. The obtained resin was poured into another methanol to wash. The obtained resin was filtrated to obtain the copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 12000 in 80% yield. This resin, which had the structural units of the following formulae, was referred to Resin A1-1. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Example 2 
     Synthesis of Resin A1-2 
     Monomer (a4-0-12), monomer (I-1) and monomer (II-1) were mixed together with the mole ratio of monomer (a4-0-12), monomer (I-1) and monomer (II-1)=50:45:5, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate was added thereto in the amount equal to 1.2 times by mass of the total amount of monomers to obtain a solution. Azobisisobutyronitrile and azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were added as initiators to the solution in the amounts of 0.85% by mole and 2.55% by mole respectively with respect to the total amount of monomers, and the resultant mixture was heated for about 5 hours at 75° C. Then, the obtained reaction mixture was poured into a large amount of a mixture of methanol and ion exchanged water to precipitate a resin. The obtained resin was filtrated. The obtained resin was poured into another methanol to wash. The obtained resin was filtrated to obtain the copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 13000 in 68% yield. This resin, which had the structural units of the following formulae, was referred to Resin A1-2. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Example 3 
     Synthesis of Resin A1-3 
     Monomer (a4-0-1) and monomer (II-1) were mixed together with the mole ratio of monomer (a4-0-1) monomer (II-1)=70:30, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate was added thereto in the amount equal to 1.2 times by mass of the total amount of monomers to obtain a solution. Azobisisobutyronitrile and azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were added as initiators to the solution in the amounts of 0.9% by mole and 2.7% by mole respectively with respect to the total amount of monomers, and the resultant mixture was heated for about 5 hours at 75° C. Then, the obtained reaction mixture was poured into a large amount of a mixture of methanol and ion exchanged water to precipitate a resin. The obtained resin was filtrated. The obtained resin was poured into another methanol to wash. The obtained resin was filtrated to obtain the copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 12000 in 60% yield. This resin, which had the structural units of the following formula, was referred to Resin A1-3. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Example 4 
     Synthesis of Resin A1-4 
     Monomer (a4-0-12), monomer (I-1) and monomer (II-1) were mixed together with the mole ratio of monomer (a4-0-12), monomer (I-1) and monomer (II-1)=50:45:5, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate was added thereto in the amount equal to 1.2 times by mass of the total amount of monomers to obtain a solution. Azobisisobutyronitrile and azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were added as initiators to the solution in the amounts of 1% by mole and 3% by mole respectively with respect to the total amount of monomers, and the resultant mixture was heated for about 5 hours at 75° C. Then, the obtained reaction mixture was poured into a large amount of a mixture of methanol and ion exchanged water to precipitate a resin. The obtained resin was filtrated. The obtained resin was poured into another methanol to wash. The obtained resin was filtrated to obtain the copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 8200 in 68% yield. This resin, which had the structural units of the following formula, was referred to Resin A1-4. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Example 5 
     Synthesis of Resin A1-5 
     Monomer (a4-0-12), monomer (I-2) and monomer (II-1) were mixed together with the mole ratio of monomer (a4-0-12), monomer (I-2) and monomer (II-1)=50:45:5, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate was added thereto in the amount equal to 1.2 times by mass of the total amount of monomers to obtain a solution. Azobisisobutyronitrile and azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were added as initiators to the solution in the amounts of 1% by mole and 3% by mole respectively with respect to the total amount of monomers, and the resultant mixture was heated for about 5 hours at 75° C. Then, the obtained reaction mixture was poured into a large amount of a mixture of methanol and ion exchanged water to precipitate a resin. The obtained resin was filtrated. The obtained resin was poured into another methanol to wash. The obtained resin was filtrated to obtain the copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 7900 in 77% yield. This resin, which had the structural units of the following formula, was referred to Resin A1-5. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Example 6 
     Synthesis of Resin A1-6 
     Monomer (a4-0-12), monomer (I-1) and monomer (II-2) were mixed together with the mole ratio of monomer (a4-0-12), monomer (I-1) and monomer (II-2)=50:45:5, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate was added thereto in the amount equal to 1.2 times by mass of the total amount of monomers to obtain a solution. Azobisisobutyronitrile and azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were added as initiators to the solution in the amounts of 1% by mole and 3% by mole respectively with respect to the total amount of monomers, and the resultant mixture was heated for about 5 hours at 75° C. Then, the obtained reaction mixture was poured into a large amount of a mixture of methanol and ion exchanged water to precipitate a resin. The obtained resin was filtrated. The obtained resin was poured into another methanol to wash. The obtained resin was filtrated to obtain the copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 8800 in 75% yield. This resin, which had the structural units of the following formula, was referred to Resin A1-6. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Example 7 
     Synthesis of Resin A1-7 
     Monomer (a4-0-12), monomer (I-1) and monomer (II-2) were mixed together with the mole ratio of monomer (a4-0-12), monomer (I-1) and monomer (II-2)=50:45:5, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate was added thereto in the amount equal to 1.2 times by mass of the total amount of monomers to obtain a solution. Azobisisobutyronitrile and azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were added as initiators to the solution in the amounts of 1% by mole and 3% by mole respectively with respect to the total amount of monomers, and the resultant mixture was heated for about 5 hours at 75° C. Then, the obtained reaction mixture was poured into a large amount of a mixture of methanol and ion exchanged water to precipitate a resin. The obtained resin was filtrated. The obtained resin was poured into another methanol to wash. The obtained resin was filtrated to obtain the copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 8200 in 77% yield. This resin, which had the structural units of the following formula, was referred to Resin A1-7. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Synthesis Example 4 
     Synthesis of Resin A2-1 
     Monomer (a1-1-3), monomer (a1-2-9), monomer (a2-1-3) and monomer (a3-4-2) were mixed together with a mole ratio of monomer (a1-1-3), monomer (a1-2-9), monomer (a2-1-3) and monomer (a3-4-2)=45:14:2.5:38.5, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate was added thereto in the amount equal to 1.5 times by mass of the total amount of monomers to obtain a solution. Azobisisobutyronitrile and azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were added as initiators to the solution in the amounts of 1% by mole and 3% by mole respectively with respect to the total amount of monomers, and the resultant mixture was heated for about 5 hours at 73° C. Then, the obtained reaction mixture was poured into a large amount of a mixture of methanol and water to precipitate a resin. The obtained resin was filtrated. The obtained resin was dissolved in another propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate to obtain a solution, and the solution was poured into a large amount of a mixture of methanol and water to precipitate the resin. The obtained resin was filtrated. These operations were repeated twice to obtain the copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 7600 in 68% yield. This resin, which had the structural units of the following formulae, was referred to Resin A2-1. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Synthesis Example 5 
     Synthesis of Resin A2-2 
     Monomer (a1-1-3), monomer (a1-2-9), monomer (a2-1-1) and monomer (a3-4-2) were mixed together with a mole ratio of monomer (a1-1-3), monomer (a1-2-9), monomer (a2-1-1) and monomer (a3-4-2)=45:14:2.5:38.5, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate was added thereto in the amount equal to 1.5 times by mass of the total amount of monomers to obtain a solution. Azobisisobutyronitrile and azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were added as initiators to the solution in the amounts of 1% by mole and 3% by mole respectively with respect to the total amount of monomers, and the resultant mixture was heated for about 5 hours at 73° C. Then, the obtained reaction mixture was poured into a large amount of a mixture of methanol and water to precipitate a resin. The obtained resin was filtrated. The obtained resin was dissolved in another propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate to obtain a solution, and the solution was poured into a large amount of a mixture of methanol and water to precipitate the resin. The obtained resin was filtrated. These operations were repeated twice to obtain the copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 7900 in 67% yield. This resin, which had the structural units of the following formulae, was referred to Resin A2-2. 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Synthesis Example 6 
     Synthesis of Resin A1X-1 
     Monomer (a4-0-1) and monomer (I-2) were mixed together with a mole ratio of monomer (a4-0-1) and monomer (I-2)=50:50, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate was added thereto in the amount equal to 1.2 times by mass of the total amount of monomers to obtain a solution. Azobisisobutyronitrile and azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) were added as initiators to the solution in the amounts of 0.9% by mole and 2.7% by mole respectively with respect to the total amount of monomers, and the resultant mixture was heated for about 5 hours at 75° C. The obtained reaction mixture was poured into a large amount of a mixture of methanol and ion exchanged water to precipitate a resin. The obtained resin was filtrated. The obtained resin was poured into another methanol to wash. The obtained resin was filtrated to obtain the copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 12000 in 90% yield. This resin, which had the structural units of the following formula, was referred to Resin A1X-1. 
                         
(Preparing Resist Compositions)
 
     Resist compositions were prepared by mixing and dissolving each of the components shown in Table 1, and then filtrating through a fluororesin filter having 0.2 μm pore diameter. The obtained resist compositions were stored for 3 weeks at 30° C. Then, the properties of the resist compositions were evaluated. 
                                     TABLE 1                       Acid    Weakly                Resin   Generator    Acidic Inner   PB/PEB       Resist Comp.   (parts)   (B) (parts)   Salt (D) (parts)   (° C./° C.)                  Composition 1   A1-1/   B1-21/    D1 = 0.28   90/85           A2-1 =    B1-22 =                   0.7/10   0.9/0.4               Composition 2   A1-1/   B1-5/    D1 = 0.28   90/85           A2-1 =    B1-22 =                   0.7/10   0.4/0.4               Composition 3   A1-2/   B1-21/    D1 = 0.28   90/85           A2-1 =    B1-22 =                   0.7/10   0.9/0.4               Composition 4   A1-3/   B1-21/    D1 = 0.28   90/85           A2-1 =    B1-22 =                   0.7/10   0.9/0.4               Composition 5   A1-4/   B1-21/    D1 = 0,28   90/85           A2-1 =    B1-22 =                   0.7/10   0.9/0.4               Composition 6   A1-5/   B1-21/    D1 = 0.28   90/85           A2-1 =    B1-22 =                   0.7/10   0.9/0.4               Composition 7   A1-6/   B1-21/    D1 = 0.28   90/85           A2-1 =    B1-22 =                   0.7/10   0.9/0.4               Composition 8   A1-7/   B1-21/    D1 = 0.28   90/85           A2-1 =    B1-22 =                   0.7/10   0.9/0.4               Composition 9   A1-4/    B1-21/    D1 = 0.28   90/85           A2-2 =   B1-22 =                   0.7/10   0.9/0.4               Composition 10   A1-5/   B1-21/    D1 = 0.28   90/85           A2-2 =    B1-22 =                   0.7/10   0.9/0.4               Composition 11   A1-6/   B1-21/    D1 = 0.28   90/85           A2-2 =    B1-22 =                   0.7/10   0.9/0.4               Composition 12   A1-7/   B1-21/    D1 = 0.28   90/85           A2-2 =    B1-22 =                   0.7/10   0.9/0.4               Comparative   A1X-1/    B1-21/    D1 = 0.28   90/85       Comp. 1   A2-1 =   B1-22 =                   0.7/10   0.9/0.4                    
&lt;Resin&gt;
 
     Resins: Resins A1-1 to A1-7, A2-1, A2-2 and A1X-1, each prepared by the method as described above. 
     &lt;Acid Generator (B)&gt; 
     B1-5: Salt represented by the formula (B1-5) 
     B1-21: Salt represented by the formula (B1-21) 
     B1-22: Salt represented by the formula (B1-22) 
     &lt;Weakly Acidic Inner Salt (D)&gt; 
     D1: Compound as follow, a product of Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., LTD 
                         
&lt;Solvent for Resist Compositions&gt;
 
                                                Propyleneglycolmonomethylether acetate    265 parts           Propyleneglycolmonomethylether     20 parts           2-Heptanone     20 parts           γ-butyrolactone    3.5 parts                        
&lt;Evaluation of Resist Compositions&gt;
 
     A composition for an organic antireflective film (“ARC-29”, by Nissan Chemical Co. Ltd.) was applied onto 12-inch silicon wafer and baked for 60 seconds at 205° C. to form a 78 nm thick organic antireflective film. 
     One of the resist compositions was then applied thereon by spin coating in such a manner that the thickness of the composition layer after drying (pre-baking) became 85 nm. 
     The obtained wafer was then pre-baked for 60 sec on a direct hot plate at the temperature given in the “PB” column in Table 1. 
     On the wafers on which the composition layer had thus been formed, the film was then exposed through a mask for forming trench patterns (pitch 120 nm/trench width 40 nm) with changing exposure quantity stepwise, by an ArF excimer laser stepper for liquid-immersion lithography (“XT:1900Gi” by ASML Ltd.: NA=1.35, Annular ρout=0.9 σin=0.7 XY-pol.). Ultrapure water was used for medium of liquid-immersion. 
     After the exposure, post-exposure baking was carried out for 60 seconds at the temperature given in the “PEB” column in Table 1. 
     Then, development was carried out with butyl acetate (a product of Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., LTD) at 23° C. for 20 seconds in the manner of dynamic dispensing method to obtain negative resist patterns. 
     Effective sensitivity was represented as the exposure quantity at which the resist pattern with 40 nm trench width was obtained. 
     &lt;Focus Margin (DOF) Evaluation&gt; 
     Negative resist patterns were produced in the same manner as described above, except that the exposure was conducted with changing the distance from the source of exposure stepwise, and the exposure quantity was kept at what is equivalent to the effective sensitivity at the beginning of the exposure. DOF (nm) is represented by the focus range, i.e. the maximum difference among the distances in which the width of the trench pattern is 40 nm±5% (38 to 42 nm). 
     Table 2 illustrates the results thereof. 
     (Evaluation of Defects) 
     Negative resist patterns were produced in the same manner as described above, except that the film was exposed with exposure quantity at which the ratio of widths between the line and space became 1:1, using an ArF excimer laser stepper for immersion lithography (“XT:1900Gi” by ASML Ltd.: NA=1.35, Annular σ out =0.85 σ in =0.65 XY-pol.) and a mask for making a 1:1 Line and space patterns (pitch 80 nm, line width 40 nm). 
     Thereafter, the number of defects was counted using a defect inspection apparatus (KLA-2360, KLA-Tencor Co. Ltd.). Table 2 illustrates the results thereof. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Resist Composition  
                 DOF (nm) 
                 Defects 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Ex. 8 
                 Composition 1 
                 120 
                 340 
               
               
                 Ex. 9 
                 Composition 2 
                 120 
                 320 
               
               
                 Ex. 10 
                 Composition 3 
                 135 
                 280 
               
               
                 Ex. 11 
                 Composition 4 
                 120 
                 360 
               
               
                 Ex. 12 
                 Composition 5 
                 150 
                 290 
               
               
                 Ex. 13 
                 Composition 6 
                 135 
                 340 
               
               
                 Ex. 14 
                 Composition 7 
                 120 
                 340 
               
               
                 Ex. 15 
                 Composition 8 
                 120 
                 380 
               
               
                 Ex. 16 
                 Composition 9 
                 150 
                 280 
               
               
                 Ex. 17 
                 Composition 10 
                 150 
                 320 
               
               
                 Ex. 18 
                 Composition 11 
                 120 
                 340 
               
               
                 Ex. 19 
                 Composition 12 
                 120 
                 370 
               
               
                 Comparative Ex. 1 
                 Comparative Comp. 1 
                 90 
                 980 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The resin of the disclosure is useful for resist compositions. The resist composition including the resin can show excellent preservation stability, and provide with satisfactory wide focus margin (DOF) and reduced defects. The resist composition is useful for semiconductor microfabrication.