Patent Publication Number: US-11660163-B2

Title: Surgical system with RFID tags for updating motor assembly parameters

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a non-provisional application claiming priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/868,457, entitled SURGICAL SYSTEMS WITH MULTIPLE RFID TAGS, filed on Jun. 28, 2019, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The present invention relates to surgical instruments and, in various embodiments, to surgical cutting and stapling instruments and staple cartridges therefor that are designed to cut and staple tissue. In various embodiments, RFID technology can be used to identify the components of a surgical instrument, such as staple cartridges, for example. Examples of surgical systems which use RFID technology can be found in the disclosures of U.S. Pat. No. 7,959,050, entitled ELECTRICALLY SELF-POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH MANUAL RELEASE, which issued on Jun. 14, 2011, and U.S. Patent Application No. 2015/0053743, entitled ERROR DETECTION ARRANGEMENTS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENT ASSEMBLIES, which published on Feb. 26, 2015, and both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
     SUMMARY 
     In various embodiments, a surgical instrument is disclosed including an end effector operable to treat tissue, a shaft extending proximally from the end effector, and a housing assembly extending proximally from the shaft. The housing assembly includes a radio-frequency identification (RFID) scanner and a motor-assembly compartment including a motor assembly interchangeably retained by the motor-assembly compartment in an assembled configuration. The motor assembly is movable relative to the motor-assembly compartment between the assembled configuration and an unassembled configuration. The motor assembly includes a motor configured to drive the end effector to treat the tissue and an RFID tag detectable by the RFID scanner in the assembled configuration. The RFID tag stores motor-assembly information. 
     In various embodiments, a surgical instrument is disclosed including an end effector operable to treat tissue, a shaft extending proximally from the end effector, and a housing assembly extending proximally from the shaft. The housing assembly includes a radio-frequency identification (RFID) scanner and a motor-assembly compartment including a motor assembly interchangeably retained by the motor-assembly compartment in an assembled configuration. The motor assembly is movable relative to the motor-assembly compartment between the assembled configuration and an unassembled configuration. The motor assembly includes a motor configured to drive the end effector to treat the tissue and an RFID tag positioned at or within a detection range of the RFID scanner in the assembled configuration. The RFID tag stores motor-assembly information. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The features of various aspects are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The various aspects, however, both as to organization and methods of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings as follows. 
         FIG.  1    depicts a perspective view of an exemplary circular stapler, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  2    depicts a perspective view of the circular stapler of  FIG.  1   , with a battery pack removed from a housing assembly and an anvil removed from a stapling head assembly, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  3    depicts a perspective view of the stapling head assembly of the circular stapler of  FIG.  1   , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  4    depicts another perspective view of the anvil of  FIG.  3   , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  5    depicts an exploded perspective view of the stapling head assembly of  FIG.  3   , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  6    depicts an exploded perspective view of the circular stapler of  FIG.  1   , with portions of the shaft assembly shown separately from each other, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  7    depicts a detailed perspective view of an anvil actuation assembly of the housing assembly of  FIG.  6   , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  8    depicts a detailed perspective view of an anvil lockout assembly of the anvil actuation assembly of  FIG.  7   , with the anvil lockout assembly in an unlocked position, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  9    depicts a detailed side elevational view of the anvil actuation assembly of  FIG.  7   , with the anvil lockout assembly of  FIG.  8    in the unlocked position, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  10    depicts another detailed side elevational view of the anvil actuation assembly of  FIG.  7   , with the anvil lockout assembly of  FIG.  8    in a locked position, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  11    depicts a detailed perspective view of an alternative configuration of the anvil lockout assembly of  FIG.  8   , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  12    depicts stapling head assembly and an anvil being coupled to a trocar of the stapling head assembly, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  13    depicts a partial transverse cross-sectional view of an anvil in an improper seating orientation with a stapling head assembly, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  14    depicts a partial longitudinal cross-sectional view of an anvil in an improper seating orientation with a stapling head assembly, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  15    depicts a control system of a surgical stapling instrument, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  16    depicts a logic flow diagram of a process depicting a control program or a logic configuration for operating a surgical stapling instrument, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  17    depicts a logic flow diagram of a process depicting a control program or a logic configuration for properly orienting an anvil with respect to stapling head assembly of a surgical stapling instrument, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  18    depicts a surgical instrument that can be selectively assembled from any one of a number of different end effectors, any one of a number of different shafts, and a housing assembly, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  19    depicts a schematic diagram of an assembled surgical instrument, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  20    depicts a logic flow diagram of a process depicting a control program or a logic configuration for adjusting at least one operational parameter of a motor of the surgical instrument of  FIG.  19   . 
         FIG.  21    depicts a graph illustrating firing loads of the surgical instrument of  FIG.  19    in accordance with two different firing algorithms. 
         FIG.  22    depicts graphs illustrating adjustments of various closure and firing thresholds of the surgical instrument of  FIG.  19   . 
         FIG.  23    depicts a logic flow diagram of a process depicting a control program or a logic configuration for operating a surgical stapling instrument, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  24    depicts a partial elevational view of a surgical instrument and three motor assemblies for use with the surgical instrument, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  25    depicts a logic flow diagram of a process depicting a control program or a logic configuration for adjusting operational parameters of a motor of the surgical instrument of  FIG.  24   , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  26    is graph depicting a relationship between motor torque on the Y-axis and motor speed on the X-axis for three different motors, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  27    depicts a control system of the surgical instrument of  FIG.  24   , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  28    depicts a table or database of various control algorithms of the surgical instrument of  FIG.  25   , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  29    illustrates a partial perspective view of a surgical instrument, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  30    illustrates a control circuit of the surgical instrument of  FIG.  29   , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  31    illustrates a logic flow diagram of a process depicting a control program or a logic configuration for operating the surgical instrument of  FIG.  29   , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  32    illustrates a control circuit of the battery pack, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  33    illustrates the compatibility of the surgical instrument of  FIG.  29    with a plurality of different battery packs, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  34    illustrates a graph which shows various motor torque/speed/current relationships for the surgical instrument of  FIG.  29    when powered by different battery packs, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  35    illustrates a bar graph which shows various energy densities for different battery packs which can be utilized with the surgical instrument of  FIG.  29   , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  36    illustrates a bar graph which shows comparisons of actual energy densities vs. rated energy densities for different battery packs which can be utilized with the surgical instrument of  FIG.  29   , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  37    illustrates a bar graph which shows nominal voltages of different battery packs which can be utilized with the surgical instrument of  FIG.  29   , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  38    illustrates a graph which shows discharge curves of different battery packs which can be utilized with the surgical instrument of  FIG.  29   , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  39    illustrates a graph which shows a discharge curve for a lithium-Ion battery which can be utilized with the surgical instrument of  FIG.  29   , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  40    illustrates a graph which shows different discharge curves for different temperatures of a lithium-ion battery which can be utilized with the surgical instrument of  FIG.  29   , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  41    illustrates a graph which shows different discharge curves for different discharge rates of a CR123 battery which can be utilized with the surgical instrument of  FIG.  29   , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  42    illustrates various operational differences between a dumb battery, an intelligent battery and an adaptive surgical instrument, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  43    illustrates a graph which shows the output current capabilities of different battery packs when utilized with the adaptive surgical instrument of  FIG.  42   , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  44    illustrates a graph which shows the output voltage capabilities of different battery packs when utilized with the adaptive surgical instrument of  FIG.  42   , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  45    illustrates a graph which shows the output voltage capabilities of different battery packs when utilized with the adaptive surgical instrument of  FIG.  42   , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  46    illustrates a battery for use with the adaptive surgical instrument of  FIG.  42   , in accordance with at least aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  47    illustrates a logic flow diagram of a process depicting a control program or a logic configuration for operating the adaptive surgical instrument of  FIG.  42   , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  48    illustrates a logic flow diagram of a process depicting a control program or a logic configuration for verifying authenticity and/or compatibility of surgical instruments components of a surgical instrument, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION 
     Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. Patent Applications that were filed on Jun. 30, 2019 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entireties:
         U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,104, entitled METHOD FOR AUTHENTICATING THE COMPATIBILITY OF A STAPLE CARTRIDGE WITH A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0405301;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,108, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEM COMPRISING AN RFID SYSTEM, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0405436;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,111, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN RFID SYSTEM FOR TRACKING A MOVABLE COMPONENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0405437;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,114, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN ALIGNED RFID SENSOR, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0405438;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,105, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM HAVING AN INFORMATION DECRYPTION PROTOCOL, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0405302;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,110, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM HAVING AN INFORMATION ENCRYPTION PROTOCOL, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0405297;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,120, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM HAVING A LOCKOUT MECHANISM FOR AN INCOMPATIBLE CARTRIDGE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0405303;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,125, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM HAVING A FRANGIBLE RFID TAG, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0405441; and   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,103, entitled PACKAGING FOR A REPLACEABLE COMPONENT OF A SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0405296.       

     Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. Patent Applications that were filed on Jun. 30, 2019 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entireties:
         U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,107, entitled METHOD OF USING MULTIPLE RFID CHIPS WITH A SURGICAL ASSEMBLY, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0405311;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,109, entitled MECHANISMS FOR PROPER ANVIL ATTACHMENT SURGICAL STAPLING HEAD ASSEMBLY, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0405312;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,119, entitled MECHANISMS FOR MOTOR CONTROL ADJUSTMENTS OF A MOTORIZED SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0405314;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,115, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH BATTERY COMPATIBILITY VERIFICATION FUNCTIONALITY, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0405313;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,121, entitled SURGICAL SYSTEMS WITH MULTIPLE RFID TAGS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0405440;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,122, entitled RFID IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0410177;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,106, entitled RFID IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0405316;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,112, entitled SURGICAL RFID ASSEMBLIES FOR DISPLAY AND COMMUNICATION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0405409;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,116, entitled SURGICAL RFID ASSEMBLIES FOR COMPATIBILITY DETECTION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0410180; and   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,118, entitled SURGICAL RFID ASSEMBLIES FOR INSTRUMENT OPERATIONAL SETTING CONTROL, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0405410.       

     Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. patent applications that were filed on May 1, 2018 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entireties:
         U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/665,129, entitled SURGICAL SUTURING SYSTEMS;   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/665,139, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS COMPRISING CONTROL SYSTEMS;   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/665,177, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS COMPRISING HANDLE ARRANGEMENTS;   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/665,128, entitled MODULAR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS;   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/665,192, entitled SURGICAL DISSECTORS; AND   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/665,134, entitled SURGICAL CLIP APPLIER.       

     Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. patent applications that were filed on Aug. 24, 2018 which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entireties:
         U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,129, entitled SURGICAL SUTURING INSTRUMENT CONFIGURED TO MANIPULATE TISSUE USING MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL POWER;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,155, entitled SURGICAL SUTURING INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A CAPTURE WIDTH WHICH IS LARGER THAN TROCAR DIAMETER;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,168, entitled SURGICAL SUTURING INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A NON-CIRCULAR NEEDLE;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,180, entitled ELECTRICAL POWER OUTPUT CONTROL BASED ON MECHANICAL FORCES;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,193, entitled REACTIVE ALGORITHM FOR SURGICAL SYSTEM;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,099, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN ADAPTIVE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,112, entitled CONTROL SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS FOR A MODULAR SURGICAL INSTRUMENT;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,119, entitled ADAPTIVE CONTROL PROGRAMS FOR A SURGICAL SYSTEM COMPRISING MORE THAN ONE TYPE OF CARTRIDGE;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,097, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS COMPRISING BATTERY ARRANGEMENTS;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,109, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS COMPRISING HANDLE ARRANGEMENTS;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,114, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS COMPRISING FEEDBACK MECHANISMS;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,117, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS COMPRISING LOCKOUT MECHANISMS;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,095, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS COMPRISING A LOCKABLE END EFFECTOR SOCKET;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,121, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS COMPRISING A SHIFTING MECHANISM;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,151, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS COMPRISING A SYSTEM FOR ARTICULATION AND ROTATION COMPENSATION;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,154, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS COMPRISING A BIASED SHIFTING MECHANISM;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,226, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS COMPRISING AN ARTICULATION DRIVE THAT PROVIDES FOR HIGH ARTICULATION ANGLES;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,062, entitled SURGICAL DISSECTORS AND MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,098, entitled SURGICAL DISSECTORS CONFIGURED TO APPLY MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,237, entitled SURGICAL CLIP APPLIER CONFIGURED TO STORE CLIPS IN A STORED STATE;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,245, entitled SURGICAL CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING AN EMPTY CLIP CARTRIDGE LOCKOUT;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,249, entitled SURGICAL CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING AN AUTOMATIC CLIP FEEDING SYSTEM;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,253, entitled SURGICAL CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING ADAPTIVE FIRING CONTROL; and   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/112,257, entitled SURGICAL CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING ADAPTIVE CONTROL IN RESPONSE TO A STRAIN GAUGE CIRCUIT.       

     Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. patent applications that were filed on Oct. 26, 2018 which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entireties:
         U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/172,130, entitled CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING INTERCHANGEABLE CLIP RELOADS;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/172,066, entitled CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING A MOVABLE CLIP MAGAZINE;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/172,078, entitled CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING A ROTATABLE CLIP MAGAZINE;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/172,087, entitled CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING CLIP ADVANCING SYSTEMS;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/172,094, entitled CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING A CLIP CRIMPING SYSTEM;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/172,128, entitled CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING A RECIPROCATING CLIP ADVANCING MEMBER;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/172,168, entitled CLIP APPLIER COMPRISING A MOTOR CONTROLLER;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/172,164, entitled SURGICAL SYSTEM COMPRISING A SURGICAL TOOL AND A SURGICAL HUB; and   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/172,303, entitled METHOD FOR OPERATING A POWERED ARTICULATING MULTI-CLIP APPLIER.       

     Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. patent applications, filed on Dec. 4, 2018, the disclosure of each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety:
         U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,385, titled METHOD OF HUB COMMUNICATION, PROCESSING, STORAGE AND DISPLAY;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,395, titled METHOD OF HUB COMMUNICATION;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,403, titled METHOD OF CLOUD BASED DATA ANALYTICS FOR USE WITH THE HUB;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,407, titled METHOD OF ROBOTIC HUB COMMUNICATION, DETECTION, AND CONTROL;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,416, titled METHOD OF HUB COMMUNICATION, PROCESSING, DISPLAY, AND CLOUD ANALYTICS;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,423, titled METHOD OF COMPRESSING TISSUE WITHIN A STAPLING DEVICE AND SIMULTANEOUSLY DISPLAYING THE LOCATION OF THE TISSUE WITHIN THE JAWS;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,427, titled METHOD OF USING REINFORCED FLEXIBLE CIRCUITS WITH MULTIPLE SENSORS TO OPTIMIZE PERFORMANCE OF RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,433, titled METHOD OF SENSING PARTICULATE FROM SMOKE EVACUATED FROM A PATIENT, ADJUSTING THE PUMP SPEED BASED ON THE SENSED INFORMATION, AND COMMUNICATING THE FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS OF THE SYSTEM TO THE HUB;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,447, titled METHOD FOR SMOKE EVACUATION FOR SURGICAL HUB;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,453, titled METHOD FOR CONTROLLING SMART ENERGY DEVICES;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,458, titled METHOD FOR SMART ENERGY DEVICE INFRASTRUCTURE;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,465, titled METHOD FOR ADAPTIVE CONTROL SCHEMES FOR SURGICAL NETWORK CONTROL AND INTERACTION;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,478, titled METHOD FOR SITUATIONAL AWARENESS FOR SURGICAL NETWORK OR SURGICAL NETWORK CONNECTED DEVICE CAPABLE OF ADJUSTING FUNCTION BASED ON A SENSED SITUATION OR USAGE;   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,490, titled METHOD FOR FACILITY DATA COLLECTION AND INTERPRETATION; and   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,491, titled METHOD FOR CIRCULAR STAPLER CONTROL ALGORITHM ADJUSTMENT BASED ON SITUATIONAL AWARENESS.       

     Before explaining various aspects of surgical devices and systems in detail, it should be noted that the illustrative examples are not limited in application or use to the details of construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings and description. The illustrative examples may be implemented or incorporated in other aspects, variations and modifications, and may be practiced or carried out in various ways. Further, unless otherwise indicated, the terms and expressions employed herein have been chosen for the purpose of describing the illustrative examples for the convenience of the reader and are not for the purpose of limitation thereof. Also, it will be appreciated that one or more of the following-described aspects, expressions of aspects, and/or examples, can be combined with any one or more of the other following-described aspects, expressions of aspects and/or examples. 
     Various surgical systems and instruments (e.g. surgical stapling instrument, surgical clip applier, surgical suturing instrument) are described in connection with the present disclosure. The surgical systems and/or instruments comprise a radio-frequency identification (RFID) system that includes one or more RFID scanners and one or more RFID tags, as will be discussed in greater detail below. Examples of surgical systems which use RFID technology are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,959,050 and U.S. Patent Application No. 2015/0053743, both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
     Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is used in a variety of industries to track and identify objects. RFID relies on radio waves to transfer digitally-stored information from a RFID tag to a RFID reader or receiver configured to receive the information. RFID technology uses RFID tags, sometimes referred to as chips, which contain electronically-stored information, and RFID readers, which serve to identify and communicate with the RFID tags. There are two different types of RFID systems—active RFID systems and passive RFID systems. Active RFID systems include RFID tags that comprise an on-board power source to broadcast their signals. Active RFID tags can include a battery within the RFID tag which allows the active RFID tag to function independently from the RFID reader. As such, RFID tags in an active RFID system do not need to wait to receive a signal from a RFID reader before sending out information. Instead, the active RFID tags are free to continuously send out a signal, or beacon. Many commercially available active RFID systems often operate at one of two main frequency ranges—433 MHz and 915 MHz, but any suitable frequency range can be used. Typically, a RFID tag must be within a specific distance or frequency range in order to be identified by its corresponding RFID reader. 
     Passive RFID systems include RFID tags which do not comprise an on-board power source but instead receive the energy needed to operate from an RFID reader. Contrary to active RFID tags, RFID tags in a passive RFID system do not actively send out a signal before receiving a prompt. Instead, passive RFID tags wait to receive information from a RFID reader before sending out a signal. Many commercially-available passive RFID systems often operate within three frequency ranges—Low Frequency (“LF”), High Frequency (“HF”) &amp; Near-Field Communication (“NFC”), and Ultra High Frequency (“UHF”). The LF bandwidth is 125-134 KHz and includes a longer wavelength with a short read range of approximately one to ten centimeters. The HF and NFC bandwidth is 13.56 MHz and includes a medium wavelength with a typical read range of one centimeter to one meter. The UHF bandwidth is 865-960 MHz and includes a short, high-energy wavelength of one meter which translates into a long read range. The above being said, any suitable frequency can be used. 
     A variety of RFID systems comprising differently-sized RFID tags exist. However, some are better suited for use in technology areas that require the tracking of very small objects. For example, Hitachi Chemical Co. Ltd. is a leading manufacturer in the RFID technology field. The Ultra Small size UHF RFID tag manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co. Ltd. is typically no larger than 1.0 to 13 mm and enables communication between a RFID tag and a RFID reader at distances of several centimeters or more. Due to its compact nature, the Hitachi RFID tag is suitable for very small products which need to be identified. Each Hitachi RFID tag comprises an antenna, an IC chip connected to the antenna, and a sealing material that seals the IC chip and the antenna. Because the Hitachi RFID tag incorporates an antenna and an IC chip in a single unit, the Hitachi RFID tag is convenient enough to easily affix to any small object using an adhesive or tape, for example. 
     The Hitachi RFID tag comprises a square stainless steel plate and a metal antenna. The antenna comprises a LC resonant circuit or any other suitable circuit and is electrically connected to the plate. After the plate and the antenna are connected to one another, the antenna and plate are sealed together in a single unit with a sealing material. The sealing material is primarily composed of epoxy, carbon, and silica to enhance the heat resistance capabilities of the Hitachi RFID tag. That is, the heat resistance of the RFID tag substantially depends on the heat resistance capabilities of the sealing material. The sealing material has a high heat resistance withstanding temperatures of up to 250 to 300° C. for shorter time periods, such as a few seconds, and is resistant to heat for longer periods of time up to 150° C. Accordingly, the Hitachi RFID tag has a higher heat resistance than conventional RFID tags and can still operate normally even at high temperatures. Additional information regarding the Hitachi RFID tag can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 9,171,244, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
       FIGS.  1 - 2    depict an example surgical circular stapling instrument  10  that can be adapted to include an RFID system and a control system thereof, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The stapling instrument  10  may be used to provide an end-to-end anastomosis between two sections of an anatomical lumen such as a portion of a patient&#39;s digestive tract. Instrument  10  of this example comprises a housing assembly  100 , a shaft assembly  200 , a stapling head assembly  300 , and an anvil  400 . Housing assembly  100  comprises a casing  110  defining an obliquely oriented pistol grip  112 . Although the housing assembly  100  is depicted in the form of a handle, this is not limiting. In various instances, the housing assembly  100  can be a component of a robotic system, for example. 
     Housing assembly  100  further includes a window  114  that permits viewing of a movable indicator needle. In some versions, a series of hash marks, colored regions, and/or other fixed indicators are positioned adjacent to window  114  in order to provide a visual context for indicator needle, thereby facilitating operator evaluation of the position of needle within window  114 . The movement of the indicator needle corresponds to a closing motion of the anvil  400  relative to the stapling head assembly  300 . The hash marks, colored regions, and/or other fixed indicators can define an optimal anvil closure zone for firing the instrument  10 . Accordingly, when the indicator needle is in the optimal anvil closure zone, the user may fire the instrument  10 . Various suitable alternative features and configurations for housing assembly  100  will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the teachings herein. 
     Instrument  10  of the present example further includes a power source which can be in the form of a battery pack  120 . Battery pack  120  is operable to provide electrical power to a motor  160  ( FIG.  15   ) in pistol grip  112 . In various aspects, battery pack  120  is removable from housing assembly  100 . In particular, as shown in  FIGS.  1 - 2   , battery pack  120  may be inserted into a socket  116  defined by casing  110 . Once battery pack  120  is fully inserted in socket  116 , latches  122  of battery pack  120  may resiliently engage interior features of casing  110  to provide a snap fit. To remove battery pack  120 , the operator may press latches  122  inwardly to disengage latches  122  from the interior features of casing  110  then pull battery pack  120  proximally from socket  116 . It should be understood that battery pack  120  and housing assembly  100  may have complementary electrical contacts, pins and sockets, and/or other features that provide paths for electrical communication from battery pack  120  to electrically powered components in housing assembly  100  when battery pack  120  is inserted in socket  116 . It should also be understood that, in some versions, battery pack  120  is unitarily incorporated within housing assembly  100  such that battery back  120  cannot be removed from housing assembly  100 . 
     Shaft assembly  200  extends distally from housing assembly  100  and includes a preformed bend. In some versions, the preformed bend is configured to facilitate positioning of stapling head assembly  300  within a patient&#39;s colon. Various suitable bend angles or radii that may be used will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the teachings herein. In some other versions, shaft assembly  200  is straight, such that shaft assembly  200  lacks a preformed bend. Various exemplary components that may be incorporated into shaft assembly  200  will be described in greater detail below. 
     Stapling head assembly  300  is located at the distal end of shaft assembly  200 . As shown in  FIGS.  1 - 2   , anvil  400  is configured to removably couple with shaft assembly  200 , adjacent to stapling head assembly  300 . Anvil  400  and stapling head assembly  300  are configured to cooperate to manipulate tissue in three ways, including clamping the tissue, cutting the tissue, and stapling the tissue. A knob  130  at the proximal end of housing assembly  100  is rotatable relative to casing  110  to provide precise clamping of the tissue between anvil  400  and stapling head assembly  300 . When a safety trigger  140  of housing assembly  100  is pivoted away from a firing trigger  150  of housing assembly  100 , firing trigger  150  may be actuated to thereby provide cutting and stapling of the tissue. 
     In the following discussion of anvil  400 , the terms “distal” and “proximal” and variations thereof will be used with reference to the orientation of anvil  400  when anvil  400  is coupled with shaft assembly  200  of instrument  10 . Thus, proximal features of anvil  400  will be closer to the operator of instrument  10 ; while distal features of anvil  400  will be further from the operator of instrument  10 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  4   , anvil  400  of the present example comprises a head  410  and a shank  420 . Head  410  includes a proximal surface  412  that defines a plurality of staple forming pockets  414 . Staple forming pockets  414  are arranged in two concentric annular arrays. In some other versions, staple forming pockets  414  are arranged in three or more concentric annular arrays. Staple forming pockets  414  are configured to deform staples as the staples are driven into staple forming pockets  414 . For instance, each staple forming pocket  414  may deform a generally “U” shaped staple into a “B” shape as is known in the art. As best seen in  FIG.  4   , proximal surface  412  terminates at an inner edge  416 , which defines an outer boundary of an annular recess  418  surrounding shank  420 . 
     Shank  420  defines a bore  422  and includes a pair of pivoting latch members  430  positioned in bore  422 . Latch members  430  are positioned within bore  422  such that their distal ends are positioned at the proximal ends of lateral openings  424 , which are formed through the sidewall of shank  420 . 
     Lateral openings  424  thus provide clearance for the distal ends  434  of the latch members  430  to deflect radially outwardly from the longitudinal axis defined by shank  420 . However, latch members  430  are configured to resiliently bias their distal ends radially inwardly toward the longitudinal axis defined by shank  420 . Latch members  430  thus act as retaining clips. This allows anvil  400  to be removably secured to a trocar  330  of stapling head assembly  300 . It should be understood, however, that latch members  430  are merely optional. Anvil  400  may be removably secured to a trocar  330  using any other suitable components, features, or techniques. 
     In addition to or in lieu of the foregoing, anvil  400  may be further constructed and operable in accordance with at least some of the teachings of U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,205,459; 5,271,544; 5,275,322; 5,285,945; 5,292,053; 5,333,773; 5,350,104; 5,533,661; and/or U.S. Pat. No. 8,910,847, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein. Still other suitable configurations will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the teachings herein. 
     Referring to  FIG.  3   , stapling head assembly  300  of the present example is coupled to a distal end of shaft assembly  200  and comprises a tubular casing  310  housing a slidable staple driver member. A cylindrical inner core member  312  extends distally within tubular casing  310 . Tubular casing  310  is fixedly secured to an outer sheath  210  of shaft assembly  200 , such that tubular casing  310  serves as a mechanical ground for stapling head assembly  300 . 
     Trocar  330  is positioned coaxially within inner core member  312  of tubular casing  310 . Trocar  330  is operable to translate distally and proximally relative to tubular casing  310  in response to rotation of knob  130  relative to casing  110  of housing assembly  100 . Trocar  330  comprises a shaft  332  and a head  334 . Head  334  includes a pointed tip  336  and an inwardly extending proximal surface  338 . Shaft  332  thus provides a reduced outer diameter just proximal to head  334 , with surface  338  providing a transition between that reduced outer diameter of shaft  332  and the outer diameter of head  334 . While tip  336  is pointed in the present example, tip  336  is not sharp. Tip  336  will thus not easily cause trauma to tissue due to inadvertent contact with tissue. Head  334  and the distal portion of shaft  332  are configured for insertion in bore  422  of anvil  420 . Anvil  400  is thus secured to trocar  330  through a snap fit due to latch members  430 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  5   , Staple driver member  350  is operable to actuate longitudinally within tubular casing  310  in response to activation of a motor  160 . Staple driver member  350  includes two distally presented concentric annular arrays of staple drivers  352 . Staple drivers  352  are arranged to correspond with the arrangement of staple forming pockets  414  described above. Thus, each staple driver  352  is configured to drive a corresponding staple into a corresponding staple forming pocket  414  when stapling head assembly  300  is actuated. It should be understood that the arrangement of staple drivers  352  may be modified just like the arrangement of staple forming pockets  414  as described above. Staple driver member  350  also defines a bore  354  that is configured to coaxially receive core member  312  of tubular casing  310 . An annular array of studs  356  project distally from a distally presented surface surrounding bore  354 . 
     A cylindrical knife member  340  is coaxially positioned within staple driver member  350 . Knife member  340  includes a distally presented, sharp circular cutting edge  342 . Knife member  340  is sized such that knife member  340  defines an outer diameter that is smaller than the diameter defined by the inner annular array of staple drivers  352 . Knife member  340  also defines an opening that is configured to coaxially receive core member  312  of tubular casing  310 . An annular array of openings  346  formed in knife member  340  is configured to complement the annular array of studs  356  of staple driver member  350 , such that knife member  340  is fixedly secured to staple driver member  350  via studs  356  and openings  346 . Other suitable structural relationships between knife member  340  and stapler driver member  350  will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the teachings herein. 
     A deck member  320  is fixedly secured to tubular casing  310 . Deck member  320  includes a distally presented deck surface  322  defining two concentric annular arrays of staple openings  324 . Staple openings  324  are arranged to correspond with the arrangement of staple drivers  352  and staple forming pockets  414  described above. Thus, each staple opening  324  is configured to provide a path for a corresponding staple driver  352  to drive a corresponding staple through deck member  320  and into a corresponding staple forming pocket  414  when stapling head assembly  300  is actuated. It should be understood that the arrangement of staple openings  322  may be modified just like the arrangement of staple forming pockets  414  as described above. It should also be understood that various structures and techniques may be used to contain staples within stapling head assembly  300  before stapling head assembly  300  is actuated. Such structures and techniques that are used to contain staples within stapling head assembly  300  may prevent the staples from inadvertently falling out through staple openings  324  before stapling head assembly  300  is actuated. Various suitable forms that such structures and techniques may take will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the teachings herein. 
     As best seen in  FIG.  6   , deck member  320  defines an inner diameter that is just slightly larger than the outer diameter defined by knife member  340 . Deck member  320  is thus configured to allow knife member  340  to translate distally to a point where cutting edge  342  is distal to deck surface  322 . 
     In addition to or in lieu of the foregoing, stapling head assembly  300  may be further constructed and operable in accordance with at least some of the teachings of U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,205,459; 5,271,544; 5,275,322; 5,285,945; 5,292,053; 5,333,773; 5,350,104; 5,533,661; and/or 8,910,847, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein. Still other suitable configurations will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the teachings herein. 
       FIG.  6    shows various components of shaft assembly  200 , which couples components of stapling head assembly  300  with components of housing assembly  100 . In particular, and as noted above, shaft assembly  200  includes an outer sheath  210  that extends between housing assembly  100  and tubular casing  310 . In the present example, outer sheath  210  is rigid and includes a preformed curved section as noted above. 
     Shaft assembly  200  further includes a trocar actuation rod  220  and a trocar actuation band assembly  230 . The distal end of trocar actuation band assembly  230  is fixedly secured to the proximal end of trocar shaft  332 . The proximal end of trocar actuation band assembly  230  is fixedly secured to the distal end of trocar actuation rod  220 . It should therefore be understood that trocar  330  will translate longitudinally relative to outer sheath  210  in response to translation of trocar actuation band assembly  230  and trocar actuation rod  220  relative to outer sheath  210 . Trocar actuation band assembly  230  is configured to flex such that trocar actuation band assembly  230  may follow along the preformed curve in shaft assembly  200  as trocar actuation band assembly  230  is translated longitudinally relative to outer sheath  210 . However, trocar actuation band assembly  230  has sufficient column strength and tensile strength to transfer distal and proximal forces from trocar actuation rod  220  to trocar shaft  332 . Trocar actuation rod  220  is rigid. A clip  222  is fixedly secured to trocar actuation rod  220  and is configured to cooperate with complementary features within housing assembly  100  to prevent trocar actuation rod  220  from rotating within housing assembly  100  while still permitting trocar actuation rod  220  to translate longitudinally within housing assembly  100 . Trocar actuation rod  220  further includes a coarse helical threading  224  and a fine helical threading  226 . 
     Shaft assembly  200  further includes a stapling head assembly driver  240  that is slidably received within outer sheath  210 . The distal end of stapling head assembly driver  240  is fixedly secured to the proximal end of staple driver member  350 . The proximal end of stapling head assembly driver  240  is secured to a drive bracket  250  via a pin  242 . It should therefore be understood that staple driver member  350  will translate longitudinally relative to outer sheath  210  in response to translation of stapling head assembly driver  240  and drive bracket  250  relative to outer sheath  210 . Stapling head assembly driver  240  is configured to flex such that stapling head assembly driver  240  may follow along the preformed curve in shaft assembly  200  as stapling head assembly driver  240  is translated longitudinally relative to outer sheath  210 . However, stapling head assembly driver  240  has sufficient column strength to transfer distal forces from drive bracket  250  to staple driver member  350 . 
     It should be understood that shaft assembly  200  may further include one or more spacer elements within outer sheath  210 . Such spacer elements may be configured to support trocar actuation band assembly  230  and/or stapling head assembly driver  240  as trocar actuation band assembly  230  and/or stapling head assembly driver  240  translate through outer sheath  210 . For instance, such spacer elements may prevent trocar actuation band assembly  230  and/or stapling head assembly driver  240  from buckling as trocar actuation band assembly  230  and/or stapling head assembly driver  240  translate through outer sheath  210 . Various suitable forms that such spacer elements may take will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the teachings herein. 
     In addition to or in lieu of the foregoing, shaft assembly  200  may be further constructed and operable in accordance with at least some of the teachings of U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,205,459; 5,271,544; 5,275,322; 5,285,945; 5,292,053; 5,333,773; 5,350,104; 5,533,661; and/or U.S. Pat. No. 8,910,847, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. Still other suitable configurations will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the teachings herein. 
     Additional operational details of the surgical instrument  10 , and other instruments suitable for use with the present disclosure, are also described in United States Patent Publication No. 20160374665, titled SURGICAL STAPLER WITH ELECTROMECHANICAL LOCKOUT, filed Jun. 26, 2015, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     Instrument  1100  is similar in many respects to instrument  10 . For example, like instrument  10 , instrument  1100  is a surgical instrument configured to grasp, staple, and/or cut tissue. Also, like instrument  10 , instrument  1100  includes a shaft assembly  1206  ( FIG.  12   ), a stapling head assembly  1300  ( FIG.  12   ), and an anvil  1200  ( FIG.  12   ). In addition, Instrument  1100  includes a lockout assembly such as, for example, an anvil lockout assembly  1170 . Anvil lockout assembly  1170  is generally configured to prevent further adjustment of the longitudinal position of the anvil once safety trigger  1140  is actuated. Such a feature may be desirable because lockout of the anvil may prevent an operator from improperly changing the gap distanced once a suitable gap distanced is reached. Anvil lockout assembly  1170  comprises an inner lockout member  1172 , an outer lockout member  1176 , and an actuation member  1180 . As is best seen in  FIG.  8   , inner lockout member  1172  is disposed about a portion of a portion of knob  1130  and is fixedly secured thereto. Inner lockout member  1172  of the present example includes a plurality of triangular teeth  1174  extending radially outwardly from inner lockout member  1172 . Teeth  1174  are configured to engage with corresponding teeth  1184  of outer lockout member  1176  to prevent rotation of knob  1130 , thereby preventing translation of trocar actuation rod  1122 . 
     Various lockout out assemblies that are suitable for use with the present disclosure are described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,143,923, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING A FIRING LOCKOUT FOR AN UNCLOSED ANVIL, which issued on Dec. 5, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 7,044,352, SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING A SINGLE LOCKOUT MECHANISM FOR PREVENTION OF FIRING, which issued on May 16, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 7,000,818, SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING SEPARATE DISTINCT CLOSING AND FIRING SYSTEMS, which issued on Feb. 21, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 6,988,649, SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING A SPENT CARTRIDGE LOCKOUT, which issued on Jan. 24, 2006; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,978,921, SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT INCORPORATING AN E-BEAM FIRING MECHANISM, which issued on Dec. 27, 2005, which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
     Outer lockout member  1176  has a generally cylindrical shape and defines an opening  1177  that is sized to receive inner lockout member  1172 . The inner diameter of outer lockout member  1176  defines a plurality of teeth  1178 , which correspond to teeth  1147  of inner lockout member  1172 . Teeth  1178  are configured to engage teeth  1174  of inner lockout member  1172  to prevent further adjustment of the longitudinal position of anvil  1200 , by preventing further rotation of knob  1130 . Outer lockout member  1176  further includes a plurality of protrusions  1179  protruding radially outwardly from the outer diameter of outer lockout member  1176 . Protrusions  1179  are disposed in corresponding channels  1113  within casing  1112  to rotationally fix outer lockout member  1176  in position while still permitting at least some translation. 
     Although inner and outer lockout members  1172 ,  1176  of the present example are shown as including teeth  1174 ,  1178 , it should be understood that in other examples any other suitable surfacing treatment or geometry may be used. For instance, in some examples lockout members  1172 ,  1176  include corresponding knurled surfaces, bumps, splines, ridges, detent features, or any other suitable surface treatment or geometry that may be configured to correspondingly engage to prevent relative rotational movement between lockout members  1172 ,  1176 . 
     Actuation member  1180  comprises an elongate body  1182  extending from outer lockout member  1176  to safety trigger  1140 . In particular, body  1182  includes a trigger bracket  1184  that is configured to couple with safety trigger  1140 . Trigger bracket  1184  includes a channel  1185  that permits bracket  1184  to be pivotably coupled to safety trigger  1140 . Similarly, the proximal end of body  1182  is configured to couple with at least one protrusion  1179  of outer lockout member  1176 . Accordingly, movement of safety trigger  1140  is transferred to outer lockout member  1176  via actuation member  1180 . In other words, outer lockout member  1176  translates longitudinally in response to pivoting of safety trigger  1140 . Outer lockout member  1176  is generally responsive to safety trigger  1140  to selectively lock actuation of the anvil  1200 . 
       FIGS.  9 - 11    show an exemplary sequence of operation of anvil lockout assembly  1170 . As can be seen in  FIG.  9   , anvil lockout assembly  1170  initially begins in an unlocked state. In such a state, outer lockout member  1176  is positioned proximally away from inner lockout member  1172  such that inner lockout member  1172  is freely rotatable relative to outer lockout member  1176 . It should be understood that when inner lockout member  1172  is freely rotatable, knob  1130  is similarly freely rotatable such that the longitudinal position of the anvil may be adjusted via trocar actuation rod  1122 . 
     Once the operator has rotated knob  1130  to adjust the longitudinal position of the anvil to achieve an appropriate gap distance d, it may be desirable to prevent further adjustment of the longitudinal position of the anvil.  FIG.  10    shows anvil lockout assembly  1170  in a locked state. To advance anvil lockout assembly  1170  to the locked state, the operator may pivot safety trigger  1140  proximally. Proximal movement of safety trigger  1140  causes safety trigger  1140  to drive actuation member  1180  distally. 
     Distal movement of actuation member  1180  results in corresponding movement of outer lockout member  1176 . As outer lockout member  1176  is moved distally, teeth  1178  of outer lockout member  1176  will begin to engage teeth  1174  of inner lockout member  1176 . Once teeth  1178  of outer lockout member  1176  fully engage with teeth  1174  of inner lockout member  1176 , outer lockout member  1176  will prevent relative rotational movement of inner lockout member  1172  via protrusions  1179  and casing  1112 . Because inner lockout member  1172  is fixedly secured to knob  1130 , rotational movement of knob  1130  will also be prevented. With knob  1130  locked in position, further adjustment of the longitudinal position of the anvil will be prevented. With further adjustment of the longitudinal position of the anvil prevented, the operator may then actuate firing trigger  1142  to initiate the stapling sequence. 
     In some examples, it may be desirable to drive outer lockout member  1176  using an actuation mechanism  1190  such as a solenoid. As illustrated in  FIG.  11   , actuation mechanism  1190  is aligned with the longitudinal axis of actuation member  1180  and is fixedly secured to actuation member  1180 . To accommodate actuation mechanism  1190 , actuation member  1180  may be shortened or otherwise modified to intersect with actuation mechanism  1190 . Actuation mechanism  1190  includes a plurality of wires  1192  that may connect to a circuit board, switch, and/or sensor. In various examples, the wires  1192  are connected to the control circuit  1210  ( FIG.  15   ). In various examples, the actuation mechanism  1190  may be actuated using safety trigger  1140  using a similar configuration as safety trigger  1040  of instrument  100 . For instance, actuation of safety trigger  1140  may complete a circuit that activates actuation mechanism  1190 , thereby driving lockout member  1176  longitudinally into engagement with lockout member  1172 . 
     In operation, actuation mechanism  1190  generally provides the same function as safety trigger  1140 , except actuation mechanism  1190  removes the necessity for actuation member  1180  to extend the entire distance to safety trigger  1140 . Although actuation mechanism  1190  is shown and described herein as comprising a solenoid, it should be understood that any other suitable actuator may be used as will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the teachings herein. 
     Referring primarily to  FIGS.  12 - 14   , a distinct issue with circular staplers is that their anvils are detachable from their stapling head assemblies, and must be separately introduced to a surgical site in different manners and from different access points. Accordingly, unlike other stapling instruments, circular staplers are at risk of anvil-staple head assembly mismatching and/or anvil-staple cartridge mismatching. Further, to be properly assembled or coupled an anvil and a stapling head assembly must be properly oriented with respect to each other at a specific orientation at the surgical site. Improper orientation of an anvil and a corresponding stapling head assembly, as illustrated in  FIG.  13   , can lead to a misalignment between the staple forming pockets  414  ( FIG.  12   ) of the anvil and staple openings  324  ( FIG.  3   ) of a staple cartridge  1320 , which may lead to improper staple formation. In addition, the improper orientation of an anvil and a corresponding stapling head assembly can lead to improper seating of the anvil with respect to the stapling head assembly. An improperly seated, or partially seated, anvil may become unseated, or separated from the stapling head assembly, due to externally applied loads from the tissue captured between the anvil and the stapling head assembly during closure. 
     To address the issues above, the surgical instrument  1100  includes an anvil  1200  equipped with a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag  1201  recognizable or detectable by an RFID scanner  1202  on a stapling head assembly  1300  of the surgical instrument  1100 . Likewise, the staple cartridge  1320  includes an RFID tag  1203  also recognizable or detectable by the RFID scanner  1202 . The RFID tag  1201  stores information about the anvil  1200 , and the RFID tag  1203  stores information about the staple cartridge  1320 . As described below, the information can be checked and compared for authentication and/or compatibility. 
     The identification mechanisms described herein can either be active systems or passive systems. In various embodiments, a combination of active and passive identification systems are used. Passive systems can include, for example, a barcode, a quick response (QR) code, and/or a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. Passive systems do not comprise an internal power source, and the passive systems described herein require a reader and/or scanner to send a first signal, such as an interrogation signal, for example. 
     Passive radio frequency identification (RFID) systems communicate information by using radio frequencies. Such passive RFID systems comprise an RFID scanner and an RFID tag with no internal power source. The RFID tag is powered by electromagnetic energy transmitted from the RFID scanner. Each RFID tag comprises a chip, such as a microchip, for example, that stores information about the replaceable component and/or a surgical instrument with which the replaceable component is compatible. While the chip may only contain an identification number, in various instances, the chip can store additional information such as, for example, the manufacturing data, shipping data, and/or maintenance history. Each RFID tag comprises a radio antenna that allows the RFID tag to communicate with the RFID scanner. The radio antenna extends the range in which the RFID tag can receive signals from the RFID scanner and transmit response signals back to the RFID scanner. In a passive RFID system, the RFID scanner, which also comprises its own antenna, transmits radio signals that activate RFID tags that are positioned within a pre-determined range. The RFID scanner is configured to receive the response signals that are “bounced back” from RFID tags, allowing the RFID scanner is to capture the identification information representative of the replaceable component. In various instances, the one or more response signals comprise the same signal as the interrogation signal. In various instances, the one or more response signals comprise a modified signal from the interrogation signal. In various instances, the RFID scanner is also able to write, or encode, information directly onto the RFID tag. In any event, the RFID scanner is able to pass information about the replaceable component to a controller, such as the control system of a surgical instrument and/or a remote surgical system or hub. The RFID scanner is configured to read multiple RFID tags at once, as the RFID tags are activated by radio signals. Additionally, in certain instances, the RFID scanner is able to update, or rewrite, information stored on an RFID tag in signal range with the RFID scanner. The updates can, for example, be transmitted to the RFID scanner from a surgical hub, or any suitable server. Various surgical hubs are described in described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,395, titled METHOD OF HUB COMMUNICATION, and filed Dec. 4, 2018, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     Active radio frequency identification (RFID) systems also comprise an RFID tag and an RFID scanner. However, the RFID tag in an active RFID system comprises an internal power source. Active RFID systems utilize battery-powered RFID tags that are configured to continuously broadcast their own signal. One type of active RFID tag is commonly referred to as a “beacon.” Such beacon RFID tags do not wait to receive a first signal from an RFID scanner. Instead, the beacon RFID tag continuously transmits its stored information. For example, the beacon can send out its information at an interval of every 3-5 seconds. Another type of active RFID tag comprises a transponder. In such systems, the RFID scanner transmits a signal first. The RFID transponder tag then sends a signal back to the RFID scanner with the relevant information. Such RFID transponder tag systems are efficient, as they conserve battery life when, for example, the RFID tag is out of range of the RFID scanner. In various instances, the active RFID tag comprises an on-board sensor to track an environmental parameter. For example, the on-board sensor can track moisture levels, temperature, and/or other data that might be relevant. 
     In operation the anvil  1200  is coupled or attached to the stapling head assembly  1300 , as illustrated in  FIG.  12   . When the RFID tag  1201  is at or below an attachment threshold distance, defined by the radius (R) of a perimeter extending around the RFID scanner  1202 , the RFID scanner  1202  is able to detect or recognize the RFID tag  1201 . The attachment distance is the distance between the RFID tag  1201  and the RFID scanner  1203  while the anvil  1200  is coupled or attached to stapling head assembly  1300 . 
     Further to the above, the RFID tag  1303  is positioned under the deck member  320  of the stapling head assembly  1300 , and can be detected as well by the RFID scanner  1202 . As described in greater detail below, signal strength between the RFID scanner  1202  and one or both of the RFID tags  1201 ,  1203  can be used to determine whether the anvil  1200  is properly oriented and/or fully seated with respect to the stapling head assembly  1300 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  12   , the anvil  1200  is similar in many respects to the anvil  400 . For example, like the anvil  400 , the anvil  1200  includes the head  410 , the staple forming pockets  414 , and a shank  1420 . In the example of  FIG.  12   , the RFID tag  1201  is supported by the shank  1420 , on an outer surface thereof, near the bore  422 . In at least one example, a recess or pocket is defined in the shank  1420 , and the RFID tag  1201  is positioned in the recess or pocket. The RFID tag  1201  can be held in place in the recess, or pocket, using any suitable technique such as, for example, friction fitting or biocompatible adhesive. 
     As described above in greater detail, the anvil  1200  is coupled or assembled with the stapling head assembly  1300  by advancing the anvil  1200  toward the trocar  330  such that the trocar  330  is received through the bore  422 , as illustrated in  FIG.  12   . Proximal surface  338  of the head  334  of the trocar  330  and latch shelves  436  of the shank  1420  have complementary positions and configurations such that latch shelves  436  engage proximal surface  338  when shank  1420  of anvil  1200  is fully seated on trocar  330  of the stapling head assembly  1300 , as illustrated in  FIG.  14   . Anvil  1200  is thus secured to trocar  330  through a snap fit due to latch members  430 . In the example illustrated in  FIG.  14   , the RFID tag  1201  is at a first longitudinal position that is distal, or slightly distal, to a second longitudinal position of the pointed tip  226  of the head  334  of the trocar  330 . 
     In at least one example, the RFID tag  1201  is positioned on the shank  1420  at a first longitudinal position that corresponds, or substantially corresponds, to a second longitudinal position of the tip  336  of the head  334  of the trocar  330  when the anvil  1200  is properly oriented and fully seated with respect to the stapling head assembly  1300 . In other words, the tip  336  of the head  334  of the trocar  330 , when it is received in the shank  1420  at its final seating position, is transversely aligned, or at least substantially aligned, with the RFID tag  1201 . In at least one example, the RFID tag  1201  is positioned on the shank  1420  at a position distal to the bore  422  and proximal to the lateral openings  424  and/or proximal to the latch members  430  ( FIGS.  3 - 4   ). 
     Referring to  FIG.  12   , the RFID scanner  1202  is located on an outer surface of a cylindrical inner core member  1312  that extends distally within a tubular casing  1310  of the stapling head assembly  1300 . Tubular casing  1310  is fixedly secured to an outer sheath  210  of shaft assembly  1206 , such that tubular casing  1310  serves as a mechanical ground for stapling head assembly  1300 . The RFID scanner  1202  is supported by the inner core member  1312 , on an outer surface thereof, near its distal end. In at least one example, a recess or pocket is defined in the inner core member  1312 , and the RFID scanner  1202  is positioned in the recess or pocket. The RFID scanner  1202  can be held in place in the recess, or pocket, using any suitable technique such as, for example, friction fitting or biocompatible adhesive. Alternatively, the RFID scanner  1202  can be positioned on an inner surface of the cylindrical inner core member  1312 . In the example of  FIG.  12   , the RFID scanner  1202  is located at a distal portion of the inner core member  1312  below the deck member  320  of the staple cartridge  1320 . In various example, the RFID tag  1201  and the RFID tag  1203  are insulated from the shank  1420  and the inner core member  1312 , respectively, using any suitable insulative material. 
     In various examples, RFID tag  1201  and the RFID tag  1203  are recognizable or detectable by the RFID scanner  1202  in a closed configuration of the instrument  1100  where tissue is captured between the anvil  1200  and stapling head assembly  1300 . 
       FIG.  15    illustrates a logic diagram of a control system  1211  of a surgical instrument or tool in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The control system  1211  includes a control circuit  1210  that can be integrated with the RFID scanner  1202  or can be coupled to, but positioned separately from, the RFID scanner  1202  in the housing assembly  100 , for example. The control circuit  1210  can be configured to receive input from the RFID scanner  1202  indicative of the information about the staple cartridge  1320  stored in the RFID tag  1203  and/or information about the anvil  1200  stored in the RFID tag  1201 . 
     In various examples, the RFID tag  1203  stores identification information of the staple cartridge  1320  and the RFID tag  1201  stores identification information of the anvil  1200 . In such examples, the control circuit  1210  receives input from the RFID scanner  1202  indicative of the identification information of the staple cartridge  1320  and verifies the identity of the staple cartridge  1320  based on the input. Further, the control circuit  1210  receives input from RFID scanner  1202  indicative of the identification information of the anvil  1200  and verifies the identity of the anvil  1200  based on the input. 
     In at least one example, the control circuit  1210  includes a microcontroller  1213  that has a processor  1214  and a storage medium such as, for example, a memory  1212 . The memory  1212  stores program instructions for performing various processes such as, for example, identity verification. The program instructions, when executed by the processor  1214 , cause the processor  1214  to verify the identity of the staple cartridge  1320  and the identity of the anvil  1200  by comparing the identification information received from the RFID tags  1201 ,  1203  to identification information stored in the memory  1212  in the form of an identity database or table, for example. 
     In at least one example, the control circuit  1210  can be configured to check compatibility of the anvil  1200  with staple cartridge  1320  of the stapling head assembly  1300  based on input from the RFID scanner  1202 . The processor  1214  can, for example, check the identity information of the anvil  1200  and the staple cartridge  1320  against a compatibility database or table stored in memory  1212 . 
     In various examples, the memory  1212  comprises a local memory of the instrument  1100 . In other examples, identity databases or tables and/or compatibility databases or tables can be downloaded from a remote server. In various aspects, the instrument  1100  may transmit the information received from RFID tags  1201 ,  1203  to a remote server that stores the databases or tables for performing the identity and/or compatibility checks remotely. 
       FIG.  16    is a logic flow diagram of a process  1220  depicting a control program or a logic configuration for operating a surgical stapling instrument such as, for example, the instrument  1100 . In at least one example, the process  1220  is executed by a control circuit  1210  ( FIG.  15   ) that includes a processor  1214  and a memory  1212  storing a set of computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor  1214 , cause the processor  1214  to perform of the process  1220 . In certain examples, a set of computer-executable instructions, stored in the memory  1212  may cause the processor  1214  to perform discrete portions of the process  1220 . Although the process  1220  is described as being executed by a control circuit  1210 , this is merely for brevity, and it should be understood that the process  1220  and other processes described herein, or portions thereof, can be executed by circuitry that can include a variety of hardware and/or software components and may be located in or associated with various suitable systems such as, for example, combinational logic circuits or sequential logic circuits. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  16   , the process  1220  includes detecting  1231  identification information of the staple cartridge  1320 . In at least one example, the control circuit  1210  receives input from the RFID scanner  1202  indicative of the identification information of the staple cartridge  1320  stored in the RFID tag  1203 . If authentication of the staple cartridge ID is not successful, or staple cartridge ID is not detected, the control circuit  1210  causes an indicator  1209  to alert  1241  that the staple cartridge  1320  is not attached and/or that the staple cartridge authentication failed. 
     In various instances, the indicator  1209  may comprise one or more visual feedback systems such as display screens, backlights, and/or LEDs, for example. In certain instances, the indicator  1209  may comprise one or more audio feedback systems such as speakers and/or buzzers, for example. In certain instances, the indicator  1209  may comprise one or more haptic feedback systems, for example. In certain instances, the indicator  1209  may comprise combinations of visual, audio, and/or haptic feedback systems, for example. 
     The process  1220  further includes verifying  1232  compatibility of the staple cartridge  1320  and the instrument  1100 . In at least one example, the control circuit  1210  checks the identification information of the staple cartridge  1320  against staple cartridge-instrument compatibility database or table, which can be stored in the memory  1212 , for example. If compatibility is verified  1232 , the control circuit  1210  causes the indicator  1209  to alert  1242  that the staple cartridge  1320  is compatible with the instrument  1100 . At this stage, the control circuit  1210  may also cause the indicator  1209  to alert  1246  the user regarding color and/or size of the attached staple cartridge  1320 . 
     The process  1220  further includes verifying  1233  a cartridge firing status. Staple cartridges are generally disposed of after filing. To ensure that a previously fired staple cartridge is not accidently re-used without staples, the RFID tag  1201  of a staple cartridge  1320  that has been previously fired stores a previously-fired status. In at least one example, the control circuit  1210  causes the RFID scanner  1202  to change the firing status of a staple cartridge  1320  from an unfired status to a previously fired status after completion of a firing sequence. Further, if the control circuit  1210  received input from the RFID scanner  1202  indicating that an attached staple cartridge  1320  has been previously fired, the control circuit  1210  may cause the indicator  1209  to alert  1243  the user of the same. 
     The process  1220  further includes detecting  1234  identification information of the anvil  1200 . In at least one example, the control circuit  1210  receives input from the RFID scanner  1202  indicative of the identification information of the anvil  1200  stored in the RFID tag  1201 . If authentication of the anvil ID is not successful, or if no anvil ID is received, the control circuit  1210  may cause an indicator  1209  to alert  1244  that the anvil is not attached and/or that the anvil authentication failed. 
     Referring still to  FIG.  16   , if a proper anvil identification is detected  1234 , the process  1220  further checks  1235  compatibility of the anvil  1200  and the staple cartridge  13020 . If the anvil  1200  and the staple cartridge  13020  are incompatible, the process  1220  alerts  1245  a user regarding the mismatch. If, however, the anvil  1200  and the staple cartridge  13020  are compatible, the control circuit  1210  permits  1236  closure drive assembly  136  ( FIG.  15   ) to proceed  1237  with anvil closure. During anvil closure, the control circuit  1210  continues to monitor the RFID scanner  1202  to ensure that the anvil  1200  remains attached or coupled to the stapling head assembly  1300  throughout the closure process. If during closure the RFID scanner  1202  loses the signal from the RFID tag  1201 , the control circuit  1210  causes the closure drive assembly  136  to pause the closure, and alert  1244  the user that the anvil  1200  is not attached, or at least not detected. Otherwise, the anvil closure continues until a closed configuration between the anvil  1200  and the stapling head assembly  1300  is achieved  1238  by reaching  1238  a predetermined zone or threshold. At, or beyond, the predetermined zone or threshold, the control circuit  1210  permits  1239  the firing drive assembly  1136  to begin a firing sequence to staple and cut tissue captured between the anvil  1200  and the staple cartridge  1320  in the closed configuration. 
     The process  1220  further includes assessing or detecting  1247  anvil orientation and/or seating with respect to the stapling head assembly  1300 . As illustrated in  FIG.  12   , the shank  1420  of anvil  1200  is fully seated on trocar  330  of the stapling head assembly  1300  when latch shelves  436  engage proximal surface  338 . At this point, the RFID tag  1201  reaches or crosses the attachment threshold distance and, as such, is detected by the RFID scanner  1202 . The detection of the RFID tag  1201  by the RFID scanner  1202  indicates full seating of the anvil  1200  with respect to the stapling head assembly  1300 . In at least one example, receiving an input from the RFID scanner  1202  indicative of detection of the RFID tag  1201  causes the control circuit  1210  to determine that the anvil  1200  is fully seated with respect to the stapling head assembly  1300 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  12  and  15   , in various examples, an RFID scanner  1204  is employed in addition to the RFID scanner  1202  to detect the RFID tag  1201  and/or the RFID tag  1203 . The RFID scanner  1204  can be positioned within the stapling head assembly  1300 . In the example illustrated in  FIG.  12   , the RFID scanner  1204  is supported by the tubular casing  1310 . The control circuit  1210  can be configured to receive input from the RFID scanner  1204  in addition to the input from the RFID scanner  1202 . In at least one example, the RFID scanner  1204  is configured to detect the RFID tag  1203  while the RFID scanner  1202  can be configured to detect the RFID tag  1201 . 
     With regard to anvil orientation, the control circuit  1210  is configured to determine whether an attached anvil  1200  is properly oriented with respect to the stapling head assembly  1300  by using the RFID scanner  1202  and/or the RFID scanner  1204  to detect and measure strength of the signal transmitted by the RFID tag  1201 . In a proper orientation of the anvil  1200 , the RFID scanner  1202  detects the signal from the RFID tag  1201  and measures a unique first signal strength that corresponds to the distance d 1  between the RFID tag  1201  and the RFID scanner  1202 . Likewise, the RFID scanner  1204  detects the signal from the RFID tag  1201  and measures a unique second signal strength that corresponds to the distance d 2  between the RFID tag  1201  and the RFID scanner  1204 . The control circuit  1210  can be configured to assess proper orientation of the anvil  1200  based on the first signal strength and/or the second signal strength. 
       FIG.  13    depicts an improper orientation of the anvil  1200  where the shank  1420  is at an angle α away from proper orientation with the stapling head assembly  1300 . The misalignment between the anvil  1200  and the stapling head assembly  1300  causes the distances d 1 , d 2  to be different from their values at proper orientation, which causes the first signal strength and second signal strength to be different from their values at a proper orientation. In the example of  FIG.  13   , the misalignment between the anvil  1200  and the stapling head assembly  1300  increases the value of the distance d 1  and decreases the value of the distance d 2 . As such, the misalignment at  FIG.  13    decreases the first signal strength and increases the second signal strength from their values at a proper orientation. 
     Accordingly, by monitoring the strength of the signal transmitted by the RFID tag  1201 , the control circuit  1210  is able to assess whether the anvil  1200  is properly oriented with respect to the  1300 . In various instances, the memory  1212  stores a database or table of signal strength values, or ranges, that represent a proper orientation of the anvil  1200 . In such instances, the control circuit  1210  may check the signal strength values collected by the RFID scanner  1202  and/or RFID scanner  1204  against the values, or ranges, in the database, or table, to assess whether the anvil  1200  is properly oriented. 
     In various examples, proper orientation of an anvil  1200  with respect to the stapling head assembly  1300  is examined by the control circuit  1210  after determining that the anvil  1200  is fully seated, as described above. In other examples, proper orientation of an anvil  1200  with respect to the stapling head assembly  1300  is examined by the control circuit  1210  at a closed, or at least partially closed, configuration of the instrument  1100 . In certain examples, proper orientation of an anvil  1200  with respect to the stapling head assembly  1300  is continuously examined by the control circuit  1210  following the detection of the RFID tag  1201  by the RFID scanner  1202  and/or RFID scanner  1204 . 
       FIG.  17    depicts a logic flow diagram of a process  1250  depicting a control program or a logic configuration for properly orienting an anvil with respect to stapling head assembly of a surgical stapling instrument. In at least one example, the process  1250  is executed by a control circuit  1210  ( FIG.  15   ) that includes a processor  1214  and a memory  1212  storing a set of computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor  1214 , cause the processor  1214  to perform of the process  1250 . In certain examples, a set of computer-executable instructions, stored in the memory  1212  may cause the processor  1214  to perform discrete portions of the process  1250 . Although the process  1250  is described as being executed by a control circuit  1210 , this is merely for brevity, and it should be understood that the process  1250  and other processes described herein, or portions thereof, can be executed by circuitry that can include a variety of hardware and/or software components and may be located in or associated with various suitable systems such as, for example, combinational logic circuits or sequential logic circuits. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  15  and  17   , the control circuit  1210  is configured to detect  1251  an improper orientation of the anvil  1200  with respect to the stapling head assembly  1300 , as described above. Further, the control circuit  1210  may employ the indicator  1209  to alert  1252  a user regarding the improper orientation. In addition, the control circuit  1210  may suggest  1253  through the indicator  1209  a direction and/or degree of rotation of the anvil  1200  to achieve a proper orientation. The control circuit  1210  may continue to check  1254  whether proper orientation is achieved based on input from the RFID scanner  1201  and/or RFID scanner  1204 . When proper orientation is detected by the control circuit  1210 , the control circuit  1210  may further cause the indicator  1209  to alert  1255  the user that the anvil  1200  now properly aligned with the stapling head assembly  1300 . 
     As described above in greater detail, the instrument  1100  includes an anvil lockout assembly  1170 . The anvil lockout assembly  1170  is generally configured to prevent further adjustment of the longitudinal position of the anvil once safety trigger  1140  is actuated. In various examples, the anvil lockout assembly  1170  includes an outer lockout member  1176  that is generally responsive to a safety trigger  1140  to selectively lock actuation of the anvil  1200 . In other examples, the control circuit  1210  is configured to drive outer lockout member  1176  using an actuation mechanism  1190  such as a solenoid. In either event, the anvil lockout assembly  1170  is configured to transition between an unlocked state and a locked state, wherein: (i) in the unlocked state, the lockout assembly  1170  is configured to permit translation of the anvil  1200 , and (ii) in the locked state, the lockout assembly  1170  is configured to prevent translation of the anvil  1200 . In various examples, the control circuit  1210  employs the indicator  1209  to alert a user that it is safe to transition the lockout assembly  1170  to the unlocked state based on input from the RFID scanner  1202  and/or the RFID scanner  1204  indicative of detecting the RFID tag  1201 . In other examples, the control circuit  1210  employs the actuation mechanism  1190  to transition the lockout assembly  1170  to the unlocked state based on input from the RFID scanner  1202  and/or the RFID scanner  1204  indicative of detecting the RFID tag  1201 . 
     Further to the above, in certain examples, the control circuit  1210  detects detachment of the anvil  1200  from the stapling head assembly  1300  based on a loss of the input from the RFID scanner  1202  and/or the RFID scanner  1204 , or an input from the RFID scanner  1202  and/or the RFID scanner  1204  indicative of a loss of the signal transmitted by RFID tag  1201 . In response, the control circuit  1210  may cause the indicator  1209  to alert a user of the detachment of the anvil  1200  and, optionally, provide instructions regarding reattachment of the anvil  1200  to the stapling head assembly  1300 . Additionally, or alternatively, the control circuit  1210  may cause the actuation mechanism  1190  to transition the lockout assembly  1170  to the locked state until reattachment of the anvil  1200  is detected by the control circuit  1210  based on input from RFID scanner  1202  and/or the RFID scanner  1204  indicative of redetection of the signal from the RFID tag  1201 , for example. 
     Referring to  FIG.  15   , motors  160 , 1160  are coupled to motor drivers  161  and  1161 , respectively, which are configured to control the operation of the motors  160  and  1160  including the flow of electrical energy from a power source (e.g. battery pack  120 ) to the motors  160  and  1160 . In various examples, the processor  1214  is coupled to the motors  160 ,  1160  through the motor drivers  1160 ,  1161 . In various forms, the motor  160  and/or the motor  1160  may be a brushed direct current (DC) motor with a gearbox and mechanical links to effect a tissue treatment by a surgical end effector. In one aspect, motor drivers  1160 ,  1161  may be in the form of an A3941 available from Allegro Microsystems, Inc. Other motor drivers may be readily substituted for use with the control system  11211 . 
     In various forms, the motors  160 ,  1160  may be a brushed DC driving motor having a maximum rotational speed of approximately 25,000 RPM. In other arrangements, the motors  160 ,  1160  may include a brushless motor, a cordless motor, a synchronous motor, a stepper motor, or any other suitable electric motor. The motor driver  161 ,  1161  may comprise an H-bridge driver comprising field-effect transistors (FETs), for example. The motors  160 ,  1160  can be powered by a power source. The power source may comprise a battery which may include a number of battery cells connected in series that can be used as the power source to power the surgical instrument or tool. In certain circumstances, the battery cells of the power source may be replaceable and/or rechargeable. In at least one example, the battery cells can be lithium-ion batteries which can be couplable to and separable from the power source. 
     In various aspects, a motor driver in accordance with the present disclosure may be a full-bridge controller for use with external N-channel power metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) specifically designed for inductive loads, such as brush DC motors. The motor driver may comprise a unique charge pump regulator that provides full (&gt;10 V) gate drive for battery voltages down to 7 V and allows the A3941 to operate with a reduced gate drive, down to 5.5 V. A bootstrap capacitor may be employed to provide the above battery supply voltage required for N-channel MOSFETs. An internal charge pump for the high-side drive allows DC (100% duty cycle) operation. The full bridge can be driven in fast or slow decay modes using diode or synchronous rectification. In the slow decay mode, current recirculation can be through the high-side or the low-side FETs. The power FETs are protected from shoot-through by resistor-adjustable dead time. Integrated diagnostics provide indications of undervoltage, overtemperature, and power bridge faults and can be configured to protect the power MOSFETs under most short circuit conditions. Other motor drivers may be readily substituted for use in the tracking system  480  comprising an absolute positioning system. 
     In various aspects, one or more of the motors of the present disclosure can include a rotatable shaft that operably interfaces with a gear assembly that is mounted in meshing engagement with a set, or rack, of drive teeth on a displacement member of a firing drive assembly  1163  or a closure drive assembly  163 , for example. A sensor element may be operably coupled to a gear assembly such that a single revolution of the position sensor element corresponds to some linear longitudinal translation of the displacement member. An arrangement of gearing and sensors can be connected to the linear actuator, via a rack and pinion arrangement, or a rotary actuator, via a spur gear or other connection. A power source supplies power to the absolute positioning system and an output indicator may display the output of the absolute positioning system. The displacement member represents the longitudinally movable drive member comprising a rack of drive teeth formed thereon for meshing engagement with a corresponding drive gear of the gear reducer assembly. The displacement member represents the longitudinally movable a closure member, firing member, firing bar, I-beam, or combinations thereof. 
     In certain examples, as illustrated in  FIG.  15   , transition of the anvil  1200  to a closed configuration with the stapling head assembly  1300  is driven by the motor  1160 . In such examples, the control circuit  1210  permits the motor  1160  to drive closure of the anvil  1200  if proper orientation, full seating, and/or proper identity of the anvil  1200  is detected by the control circuit  1210  based on input from the RFID scanner  1202  and/or RFID scanner  1204 , as described above. Accordingly, a detected failure at establishing one or more of proper orientation, full seating, and/or proper identity of the anvil  1200  causes the control circuit  1210  to prevent the motor  1160  from starting and/or completing closure of the anvil  1200 . 
     In certain examples, the control circuit  1210  permits the motor  160  to drive staple firing and advancement of the cylindrical knife member  340  if staple cartridge-anvil compatibility is confirmed based on the information stored in the RFID tags  1201 ,  1203  as reported by RFID scanners  1202 ,  1204 . Conversely, the control circuit  1210  is configured to prevent the motor  160  from driving staple firing and advancement of the cylindrical knife member  340  if the staple cartridge-anvil compatibility cannot be established based on the information stored in the RFID tags  1201 ,  1203  as reported by RFID scanners  1202 ,  1204 . 
     In various examples, antennas of one or more of the RFID tags  1201 ,  1203  and the RFID scanners  1202 ,  1204  may be supplemented with booster antennas that are engaged upon connection. In various examples, the antennas of active RFID tags on the surgical instrument  1100  such as, for example, the RFID tag  1201  and RFID tag  1203  can be cut during normal operation of the surgical instrument  1100  in planned manner. The lost signals from such RFID tags can signify completion of a surgical task. 
     In various aspects, an RFID tag can be positioned along the pathway of the cylindrical knife member  340 . The RFID tag may transmit a signal through its antenna to the RFID scanner  1202 , for example. When the antenna is severed by the knife member  340 , the signal is lost. The signal loss can confirm advancement of the knife member  340 . 
     In one example, the RFID tag is positioned on a breakable washer of the anvil  1200 . In such example, the breakable washer is broken by the knife member  340  toward the end of a full distal range of motion of the knife member  340 . The knife member  340  cuts the antenna of the RFID tag while breaking the breakable washer. When the antenna is severed, the signal transmitted from the RFID tag to the RFID scanner  1202 , for example, is lost. The RFID scanner  1202  can be coupled to the control circuit  1210 , and can report the signal loss to the control circuit  1210 . The signal loss is interpreted by the control circuit  1210  to indicate completion of a firing sequence of the surgical instrument  1100 . 
     In various aspects, as described above greater detail, a surgical instrument such as, for example, the instrument  1100  includes an anvil  1200  movable toward a stapling head assembly  1300  to capture tissue therebetween in a closed configuration. The tissue is then stapled and cut in a firing sequence of the surgical instrument  1100 . The instrument  1100  further includes an RFID tag such as, for example, the RFID tag  1201  and an RFID scanner such as, for example, the RFID scanner  1202  that is configured to read and/or write to the RFID tag  1201 . The RFID tag  1201  and the RFID scanner  1202  define an RFID system that can be employed by a control circuit  1210  to determine a characteristic of the tissue based on the RF signal backscatter from the tissue. 
     The positions of the RFID tag  1201  and the RFID scanner  1202  with respect to the tissue grasped between the anvil  1200  and the stapling head assembly  1300  can be selected for optimal measurements of the RF signal backscatter. In at least one example, the RFID tag  1201  and the RFID scanner  1202  can be positioned on opposite sides of the tissue. 
     The RF signal from the backscatter data can be gathered and correlated with known tissue characteristics to permit tissue analysis. In various aspects, the spectral characteristics of the backscatter data can be analyzed to determine various characteristics of the tissue. In at least one example, the backscatter data is employed to identify boundary features within the tissue. In at least one example, the backscatter data can be used to assess thickness of the tissue grasped between the anvil  1200  and the stapling head assembly  1300 . 
       FIG.  18    depicts a surgical instrument  2200  that can be selectively assembled from any one of a number of different end effectors such as, for example, end effectors  2210 ,  2210 ′, any one of a number of different shafts such as, for example, shafts  2230 ,  2230 ′,  2230 ″,  2230 ′″, and a housing assembly  2240 . Components of the surgical instrument  2200  are selected based on various factors including surgical procedure type, tissue type, and/or patient anatomy. 
     In various instances, the end effectors of the surgical instrument  2200  are circular stapler end effectors of different sizes. In the example of  FIG.  18   , 25 mm and 31 mm circular stapler end effectors are depicted. However this is not limiting, other suitable end effectors can be readily utilized with the surgical instrument  2200 . In the example illustrated in  FIG.  18   , the shafts  2230 ,  2230 ′,  2230 ″,  2230 ′″ comprise profiles that are different in length and/or curvature. However this is not limiting, shafts with other suitable shaft profiles can be readily used with the surgical instrument  2200 . 
     Further to the above, the shafts  2230 ,  2230 ′,  2230 ″,  2230 ′″ comprise RFID tags  2203 ,  2203 ′,  2203 ″,  2203 ′″, respectively, which store shaft information, as described in greater detail below. In addition, the end effectors  2210 ,  2210 ′ comprise RFID tags  2201 ,  2201 ′, respectively, which store end-effector information, as described in greater detail below. 
       FIG.  19    depicts a schematic diagram an example surgical instrument  2200  assembled from the end effector  2210 , the shaft  2230 , and a housing assembly  2240 . Various components and/or connections between components of the end effector  2210 , the shaft  2230 , and a housing assembly  2240  are removed for clarity. The surgical instrument  2200  is similar in many respects to the surgical instruments  100 ,  1100 . For example, the end effector  2210  has a stapling head assembly  2300  that is similar in many respect to the stapling head assemblies  300 ,  1300 , and an anvil  2400  that is similar in many respects to the anvils  400 ,  1200 . 
     In operation, as described above in greater detail with respect to the surgical instruments  100 ,  1100 , the anvil  2400  is coupled to the stapling head assembly  2300 . The anvil  2400  is then retracted from a starting position toward the stapling head assembly  2300  a closure stroke or distance “d” to transition the stapling head assembly  2300  from an open configuration to a closed configuration. Tissue is grasped between the anvil  2400  and the stapling head assembly  2300  in the closed configuration. Further, the stapling head assembly  2300  includes a staple cartridge that houses staples that are deployed from the staple cartridge toward the anvil  2400  in the closed configuration. The staples are deployed through the grasped tissue and are formed by Staple forming pockets  414  of the anvil  2400 . In addition, a knife member  340  is translated distally to a point where cutting edge  342  is distal to a deck surface  322  of the stapling head assembly  2300  to cut the tissue. 
     In addition to or in lieu of the foregoing, stapling head assembly  2300  and anvil  2400  may be further constructed and operated in accordance with at least some of the teachings of U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,205,459; 5,271,544; 5,275,322; 5,285,945; 5,292,053; 5,333,773; 5,350,104; 5,533,661; and/or 8,910,847, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein. Still other suitable configurations will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the teachings herein. 
     Referring still to  FIG.  19   , the housing assembly  2240  includes one or more motors  2160  and one or more motor drivers  2161 , which are similar in many respects to motors  160 , 1160  and motor drivers  161 ,  1161 . In various examples, the control circuit  1210  is configured to control a motor driver  2161  to cause a motor  2160  to move the anvil  2400  a closure stroke or distance “d” toward the stapling head assembly  2300  to transition the end effector  2210  from the open configuration to the closed configuration. The control circuit  1210  is further configured to control a motor driver  2161  to cause a motor  2160  to apply a load onto the end effector  2210  in a firing motion to deploy the staples into tissue grasped by the end effector  1210  in the closed configuration, and cut the grasped tissue by advancing the knife member  340  distally through the tissue. In at least one example, the knife member  340  is advanced toward a breakable washer of the anvil  2400 . In such example, the breakable washer is broken by the knife member  340  toward the end of a full distal range of motion of the knife member  340 . 
     To properly staple and cut tissue by a surgical instrument  2200 , operational parameters of the motor(s)  2160  need to be adjusted to yield closure distances and/or firing loads that are suitable for a selected end effector  2210  and/or shaft  2230  of the surgical instrument  2200 . Longer and/or curved shafts, for example, require different closure distances than shorter ones. Likewise, larger staple cartridges generally require higher firing loads than smaller ones. To address this matter, the end effectors of a surgical instrument  2200  are equipped with RFID tags  2201  that store end-effector information, and are detectable by RFID scanners  2202 . Additionally, in certain instances, the shafts of the surgical instrument  2200  are also equipped with RFID tags  2203  that store shaft information, and are detectable by RFID scanners  2204 . As illustrated in  FIG.  20   , in accordance with a process  2250 , the control circuit  1210  can be configured to receive  2252  input from an RFID scanner  2202  indicative of the end-effector information, receive  2254  input from an RFID scanner  2204  indicative of the shaft information, and adjust  2256  at least one parameter of operation of the motor(s)  2160  to yield closure distances and/or firing loads that are based on the end-effector information and the shaft information. 
     In at least one example, the process  2250  is executed by a control circuit  1210  ( FIG.  15   ) that includes a processor  1214  and a memory  1212  storing a set of computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor  1214 , cause the processor  1214  to perform of the process  2250 . In certain examples, a set of computer-executable instructions, stored in the memory  1212  may cause the processor  1214  to perform discrete portions of the process  2250 . Although the process  2250  is described as being executed by a control circuit  1210 , this is merely for brevity, and it should be understood that the process  2250  and other processes described herein, or portions thereof, can be executed by circuitry that can include a variety of hardware and/or software components and may be located in or associated with various suitable systems such as, for example, combinational logic circuits or sequential logic circuits. 
     In the example illustrated in  FIG.  19   , the RFID tag  2201  and corresponding RFID scanner  2202  are arranged such that the RFID tag  2201  is within the detection range of the RFID scanner  2202  when the end effector  2210  is an assembled configuration with the shaft  2230 . Also, the RFID tag  2203  and corresponding RFID scanner  2204  are arranged such that the RFID tag  2203  is within the detection range of the RFID scanner  2204  when the shaft  2230  is an assembled configuration with housing assembly  2240 . Accordingly, the RFID scanner  2202  is positioned at the distal portion of the shaft  2230  while the RFID tag  2203  is positioned at the proximal portion of the shaft  2230 . In at least one example, one or both of the RFID tag  2201  and the RFID scanner  2202  are positioned at an interface between the end effector  2210  and the shaft  2230 . Additionally, or alternatively, one or both of the RFID tag  2203  and the RFID scanner  2204  are positioned at an interface between the shaft  2230  and housing assembly  2240 . 
     Further to the above, end-effector information stored in the RFID tag  2201  can be read by the RFID scanner  2202  in the assembled configuration, and can be communicated to the control circuit  1210 . Also, shaft information stored in the RFID tag  2203  can be read by the RFID the scanner  2204 , and can be communicated to the control circuit  1210 . In various aspects, the end effector-information can include identification information, manufacturer information, staple cartridge size, type, and/or color, anvil type, and/or one more suitable adjustment values for default closure distances and/or firing loads. Likewise, the shaft information can include identification information, manufacturer information, shaft profiles, and/or one more suitable adjustment values for default closure distances and/or firing loads. 
     Referring to  FIG.  21   , a graph  2260  represents a relationship between firing Load (lbs) on the Y-axis and firing time (sec) on the X-axis. Graph  21  depicts a default, unadjusted, firing algorithm  2263  and an adjusted firing algorithm  2263 . The graph  2260  further depicts a default maximum firing load threshold  2261  (e.g. 400 lbs) and a final maximum firing load threshold  2262  (e.g. 485 lbs) for a firing load applied by a motor  2160  to the end effector  2210  of the surgical instrument  2200 . The default maximum firing load threshold  2261  is adjusted to the final maximum firing load threshold  2262  based on end-effector information of the end effector  2210  that is stored in the RFID tag  2201  and read by the RFID scanner  2202  of the surgical instrument  2200 . In the example of  FIG.  21   , the end-effector information represents a staple cartridge that comprises a larger size (e.g. 31 mm) than a default staple cartridge (e.g. 25 mm). The default staple cartridge size (e.g. 25 mm) is associated with the default firing algorithm  2263  and default maximum firing load threshold  2261 . Meanwhile, the larger staple cartridge size (e.g. 31 mm) is associated with the final firing algorithm  2264  and final maximum firing load threshold  2262 . 
     The end-effector information stored in the RFID tag  2201  can include the staple cartridge size and/or a firing load adjustment value (e.g. 85 lbs) based on the cartridge size. In the event of the staple cartridge size, the control circuit  1210  can use a database or a lookup table of staple cartridge sizes and corresponding firing load adjustment values to look up a suitable firing load adjustment values. 
     Further, input from the RFID scanner  2201  indicative of the end-effector information causes the control circuit  1210  to adjust the default maximum firing load threshold  2261  (e.g.  400 ) to the final maximum firing load threshold  2262  (e.g. 485 lbs), and maintain a firing algorithm  2264  below the final maximum firing load threshold  2262 , as illustrated in  FIG.  20   . 
     In the example of  FIG.  21   , the control circuit  1210  adjusts or introduces a minimum wait-time “t” before causing the motor  2160  to apply the firing algorithm  2263  to the end effector  2210 . In various instances, the minimum wait-time “t” is a time period between completion of a closure sequence of an end effector of the surgical instrument  2200 , where tissue is grasped by the end effector in a closed configuration, and commencement of a firing sequence of the end effector, where the grasped tissue is stapled and cut. The minimum wait time “t” permits tissue creep where the grasped tissue adjusts to a lower average pressure thereby reducing the maximum firing load necessary to complete the firing sequence of the end effector  2210  to a value at or below the final maximum firing load threshold  2262 . In the default firing algorithm  2263 , without the minimum wait-time “t”, the firing algorithm  2263  must be interrupted  2267  for a time period from time t 3  to time t 4  to prevent the firing load from exceeding the final maximum firing load threshold  2262 . By comparison, the firing algorithm  2264  is continued through the time period between t 3  and t 4 , as illustrated in  FIG.  21     
     Referring still to  FIG.  21   , another factor that can influence the minimum wait time “t” is the user-selected form height of the staples deployed from the stapling head assembly  2300 . The control circuit  1210  can prompt a user through the indicator  1209  to select a desired form height of the staples. In at least one example, the control circuit  1210  can present the user with a number of form height options to choose from. Additionally, or alternatively, the control circuit  1210  can recommend an optimal form height based on the tissue being treated by the surgical instrument  2200 . In any event, the user-selected form height can cause the control circuit  1210  to further adjust the minimum wait time “t”. In at least one example, the memory  1212  stores, in a database or a lookup table, form heights and corresponding wait-time adjustments. The control circuit  1210  can adjust the minimum wait time “t” by identifying a wait-time adjustment associated with a user-selected form height, and then adjusting the minimum wait time “t” in accordance with the identified wait-time adjustment. 
     Generally, a more formed staple is associated with a greater firing load, and requires a greater minimum wait time “t” than a lesser formed staple. In the example of  FIG.  21   , the user-selected form height  2265  is associated with a firing load “F 2 ”, and is greater than a minimum form height  2266  associated with a minimum firing load “F 1 ”. The minimum firing loads “F 1 ” and “F 2 ” represent firing loads at which staple legs begin to buckle. Accordingly, the wait time “t” of the example of  FIG.  21    is a result of the greater (31 mm) than the default (25 mm) staple cartridge size, and the selected form height  2265 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  22   , Graph  2270  illustrates adjustments made to a default maximum firing load threshold  2272  (e.g. 400 lbs) of the surgical instrument  2200 . The adjustments are based on end-effector information  2271  and shaft information  2273  received by a control circuit  1210  from RFID scanners  2202 ,  2204 , as described above in greater detail. The shaft information  2273  identifies a long curved shaft  2230 , and provides a corresponding first adjustment value  2274  (e.g. 35 lbs) to the default maximum firing load threshold  2272 . Similarly, the end-effector information  2271  identifies an end effector  2210  with staple cartridge comprising a size of 31 mm, and provides a corresponding second adjustment value  2276  (e.g. 85 lbs) to the default maximum firing load threshold  2272 . Adding the adjustment values  2274 ,  2276  to the default maximum firing load threshold  2272  yields a final maximum firing load threshold  2278 . As described above, the adjustment values  2274 ,  2276  can be part of the end-effector information  2271  and the shaft information  2273 , respectively, or can be determined by the control circuit  1210  from a database or lookup table stored in the memory  1212 , for example, based on the identification information of the end effector  2210  and the shaft  2230 . 
     In at least one example, a surgical instrument  2200  can be assembled from a curved long shaft  2230  and an end effector  2210 ′ comprising a default staple cartridge size (e.g. 25 mm). In such examples, the end effector information yields a zero adjustment value, and the shaft information yields the first adjustment value  2274  that modifies the default maximum firing load threshold  2272  to a final maximum firing load threshold  2279 , as illustrated in Graph  2270 . In other examples, the surgical instrument  2200  can be assembled from various combinations of end effectors and shafts that yield different adjustment values for modifying the default maximum firing load threshold  2272 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  22   , Graph  2280  illustrates adjustments made to a default minimum closure stroke or distance  2282  of the surgical instrument  2200 . A minimum closure stroke or distance a surgical instrument  2200  is a minimum permissible or recommended closure stroke or distance that bring an end effector of the surgical instrument  2200  such as, for example, the end effector  2210  to a closed configuration suitable for deploying staples into tissue grasped between an anvil and a staple cartridge of the end effector. The adjustments to the default minimum closure stroke or distance  2282  are based on end-effector information  2271  and shaft information  2273  received by a control circuit  1210  from RFID scanners  2202 ,  2204 , as described above in greater detail. 
     The shaft information  2273  identifies a long curved shaft  2230 , and provides a corresponding first adjustment value  2284  to the default minimum closure stroke or distance  2282 . The added length and curvature of the shaft  2230 , in comparison to a default shaft, yields a longer minimum closure stroke or distance  2289  than the default minimum closure stroke or distance  2282 . Similarly, the end-effector information  2271  identifies an end effector  2210  with a staple cartridge comprising a size of 31 mm, and provides a corresponding second adjustment value  2286  to the default minimum closure stroke or distance  2282 . Adding the adjustment values  2284 ,  2286  to the default minimum closure stroke or distance  2282  yields a final default minimum closure stroke or distance  2288 . As described above, the adjustment values  2284 ,  2286  can be part of the end-effector information  2271  and the shaft information  2273 , respectively, or can be determined by the control circuit  1210  from a database or lookup table stored in the memory  1212 , for example, based on identification information of the end effector  2210  and the shaft  2230 . 
     In at least one example, a surgical instrument  2200  can be assembled from a curved long shaft  2230  and an end effector  2210 ′ comprising a default staple cartridge size (e.g. 25 mm). In such examples, the end effector information yields a zero adjustment value and the shaft information yields the first adjustment value  2284 , which modify the default minimum closure stroke or distance  2282  to a final minimum closure stroke or distance  2289 , as illustrated in Graph  2280 . In other examples, the surgical instrument  2200  can be assembled from various combinations of end effectors and shafts that yield different adjustment values for modifying the default minimum closure stroke or distance  2282 . 
     Further to the above, the end-effector information  2271  and the shaft information  2273  can cause the control circuit  1210  to adjust a default closure range  2281  of user-selectable closure strokes or distances of the surgical instrument  2200 . A closure range of a surgical instrument  2200  is a range of permissible or recommended closure strokes or distances that bring an end effector of the surgical instrument  2200  such as, for example, the end effector  2210  to a closed configuration suitable for deploying staples into tissue grasped between an anvil and a staple cartridge of the end effector. In at least one example, the closure range of a surgical instrument  2200  can be in the form of a visual guide presented to a user by the indicator  1209 . 
     In various examples, the closure range of a surgical instrument  2200  is defined by the control circuit  1210  based on the end-effector information and/or the shaft information received from the RFID scanners  2203 ,  2204 . Graph  2280  depicts, for example, a default closure range  2281 , an adjusted closure range  2283 , and an adjusted closure range  2285 . The adjusted closure range  2283  is defined by the control circuit  1210  in response to the shaft information transmitted from the RFID scanner  2204 . The adjusted closure range  2285  is defined by the control circuit  1210  in response to end-effector information transmitted from the RFID scanner  2202  and shaft information transmitted from the RFID scanner  2204 . In other words, the adjusted closure range  2285  is defined by the cumulative impact of the end-effector information and the shaft information. 
     In various aspects, the transmitted shaft information can include the adjusted closure range  2283 . Alternatively, the transmitted shaft information can includes upper and lower adjustment values of the default closure range  2281 . Alternatively, the transmitted shaft information can include shaft identification information. In at least one example, the control circuit  1210  can determine an adjusted closure range  2283  from a database or lookup table stored in the memory  1212 , for example, based on the shaft identification information. 
     In various aspects, the transmitted end-effector information can include an adjusted closure range. Alternatively, the transmitted end-effector information can includes upper and lower adjustment values of the default closure range  2281 . Alternatively, the transmitted end-effector information can include end-effector identification information. In at least one example, the control circuit  1210  can determine an adjusted closure range from a database or lookup table stored in the memory  1212 , for example, based the end-effector identification information. 
     In at least one example, the control circuit  1210  can determine an adjusted closure range  2285  from a database or lookup table stored in the memory  1212 , for example, based on shaft identification information and end-effector identification information. In at least one example, the control circuit  1210  can determine an adjusted closure range  2285  from the cumulative impact of upper and lower adjustment values of the default closure range  2281 , which are provided by the end-effector information and shaft information. 
     Referring still to  FIG.  22   , Graph  2290  illustrates firing velocity (m/s) on the Y-axis verses time (seconds) on the X-axis. In example of Graph  2290 , the firing velocity represents the velocity of a longitudinally movable firing member coupled to a motor  2160  ( FIG.  19   ) of the surgical instrument  2200 , and configured to effect deployment of staples from the stapling head assembly  2300  toward the anvil  2400 , and advancement of the knife member  340 , as described above in greater detail. In other examples, the firing velocity can be a rotation velocity of the motor  2160 . 
     Graph  2290  illustrates adjustments made to a default maximum threshold  2292  of the firing velocity of the surgical instrument  2200 , which are based on end-effector information and shaft information received by a control circuit  1210  from RFID scanners  2202 ,  2204 , as described above in greater detail. The shaft information identifies a long curved shaft  2230 , and provides a corresponding first adjustment value  2294  to the default maximum threshold  2292 . Similarly, the end-effector information identifies an end effector  2210  with a staple cartridge comprising a size of 31 mm, and provides a corresponding second adjustment value  2296  to the default maximum threshold  2292 . 
     In the example of Graph  2290 , the adjustment values  2294 ,  2296  are combined  2295  to reduce the default maximum threshold  2292  to a final maximum threshold  2298  of the firing velocity of the surgical instrument  2200 . The adjustment values  2294 ,  2296  can be part of the end-effector information and the shaft information, respectively, or can be determined by the control circuit  1210  from a database or lookup table stored in the memory  1212 , for example, based on identification information of the end effector  2210  and the shaft  2230 . 
     In at least one example, a surgical instrument  2200  can be assembled from a curved long shaft  2230  and an end effector  2210 ′ comprising a default staple cartridge size (e.g. 25 mm). In such examples, the end effector information yields a zero adjustment value and the shaft information yields the adjustment value  2294 , which modify the default maximum threshold  2282  to a final maximum threshold  2297 , as illustrated in Graph  2290 . In other examples, the surgical instrument  2200  can be assembled from various combinations of end effectors and shafts that yield different adjustment values for modifying the default maximum threshold  2292  of the firing velocity. 
     Further to the above, Graph  2290  depicts three firing velocity curves  2307 ,  2301 ,  2302  that represent three different firing algorithms. The firing velocity curve  2307  represents a first firing algorithm that failed to comply with the default maximum threshold  2292  of the firing velocity due to failure to account for inertia of the firing member. The firing velocity curve  2301  represents a second firing algorithm that failed to comply with a statically adjusted maximum threshold  2298  due to failure to account for inertia of the firing member. The firing velocity curve  2302  represents a third firing algorithm that dynamically modified a statically adjusted final maximum threshold  2298  by an adjustment value  2304  to achieve a dynamically and statically adjusted final maximum threshold  2299 . The adjustment value  2304  is based on a slope  2305  of the velocity curve  2302 . 
     In at least one example, as illustrated in  FIG.  23   , a process  2310  depicting a control program or a logic configuration for operating the surgical instrument  2200 , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. In at least one example, the process  2310  is executed by a control circuit  1210  ( FIG.  15   ) that includes a processor  1214  and a memory  1212  storing a set of computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor  1214 , cause the processor  1214  to perform of the process  2310 . In certain examples, a set of computer-executable instructions, stored in the memory  1212  may cause the processor  1214  to perform discrete portions of the process  2310 . Although the process  2310  is described as being executed by a control circuit  1210 , this is merely for brevity, and it should be understood that the process  2310  and other processes described herein, or portions thereof, can be executed by circuitry that can include a variety of hardware and/or software components and may be located in or associated with various suitable systems such as, for example, combinational logic circuits or sequential logic circuits. 
     Further to the above, the process  2310  comprises receiving  2312  input from the RFID scanner  2202  indicative of the end-effector information, receiving  2314  input from the RFID scanner  2204  indicative of the shaft information, and statically adjusting  2316  a default maximum threshold  2292  of the firing velocity of the surgical instrument  2200  to a final maximum threshold  2298  based on the end-effector information and the shaft information. Additionally, in certain instances, the process  2310  further comprises dynamically adjusting  2318  the final maximum threshold  2298  of the firing velocity to a new final maximum threshold  2299  based on the slope  2305  of the firing velocity curve  2302  to account for the firing member inertia, as illustrated in the example of Graph  2290 . 
     Referring primarily to  FIG.  24   , three motor assemblies  5000 ,  5000 ′,  5000 ″ are interchangeably usable with a surgical instrument  5002 . The motor assemblies  5000 ,  5000 ′,  5000 ″ include motors  5001 ,  5001 ′,  5001 ″ and gearboxes  5003 ,  5003 ′,  5003 ″, respectively. The motors  5001 ,  5001 ′,  5001 ″, even with similar design parameters, have differing outputs based on winding techniques, wire quality, internal component quality, and/or magnetic densities. Further, the gearboxes  5003 ,  5003 ′,  5003 ″ associated with the motors  5001 ,  5001 ′,  5001 ″ also have variable losses and efficiencies based on their materials, lubrications, tolerance stack-up, and manufacturing methodologies. The implication of these variations is that motor assemblies such as, for example, the motor assemblies  5000 ,  5000 ′,  5000 ″ are likely to have dramatically different efficiencies and outputs for the same applied voltage and current, even if they are produced by a single supplier. In various aspects, the surgical instrument  5002  addresses these variations by employing an RFID system  5004  ( FIG.  27   ) that is configured for detection and communication with a motor assembly  5000 , for example, in order to retrieve information associated with the motor assembly  5000  that can aid the surgical instrument  5002  in addressing motor-assembly variations. In various aspects, the detection of a motor assembly such as, for example, the motor assembly  5000  is achieved only when the surgical instrument  5002  is in an assembled configuration with the motor assembly  5000 , as described in greater detail below. 
       FIG.  26    is a graph  5009  with three lines  5011 ,  5011 ′,  5011 ″ that represent the relationship between motor torque (NM) on the Y-axis and motor speed (RPM) on the X-axis for the motors  5001 ,  5001 ′,  5001 ″, respectively. The lines  5011 ,  5011 ′,  5011 ″ demonstrate variations that exist among interchangeable motors. The lines  5011 ,  5011 ′,  5011 ″ intersect the Y-axis at different points that represent the motor-stall torques  5015 , and intersect the X-axis at different points that represent the no-load speeds  5017 . The graph  5009  also shows the motors&#39; speeds at maximum suitable power. In various aspects, as described below in greater detail, information extracted from the relationships represented by the lines  5011 ,  5011 ′,  5011 ″ can used by a control circuit  1210  to adjust one or more operational parameters of a motor, select an a control algorithm, and/or adjust a default control algorithm to ensure delivery of predictable outputs from the motor assemblies  5000 ,  5000 ′,  5000 ″. 
     Referring still to  FIG.  24   , the surgical instrument  5002  includes a housing assembly  5006  that has a motor-assembly compartment  5007  configured to interchangeably receive, and be releasably coupled with, motor assemblies such as, for example the motor assemblies  5000 ,  5000 ′,  5000 ″. For brevity, the following description of the interaction between the surgical instrument  5002  and a motor assembly will focus on the motor assembly  5000 . Nonetheless the following description is equally applicable to other suitable motor assemblies such as, for example, the motor assemblies  5000 ′. Although the housing assembly  5006  is depicted in the form of a handle, this is not limiting. In various instances, the housing assembly  100  can be a component of a robotic system, for example. 
     The surgical instrument  5002  is similar in many respects to other surgical instruments described elsewhere herein such as, for example, the surgical instruments  100 ,  1100 . For example, the surgical instrument  5002  includes a shaft  5008  extending distally from the housing assembly  5006 , and an end effector  5019  extending distally from the shaft  5008 . Various end effectors suitable for use with the surgical instrument  5002  such as, for example, a circular stapler end effector that includes an anvil  400  and a stapling head assembly  300 , are described elsewhere in the present disclosure and/or other disclosures incorporated by reference in the present disclosure. 
     The motor assembly  5000  is movable relative to the housing assembly  5006  between an assembled configuration and an unassembled configuration with the housing assembly  500 . Various suitable electrical connectors can be employed to connect a power source  5014  in the housing assembly  5006  to the motor assembly  5000  to power to the motor  5001  in the assembled configuration. Also, various suitable mechanical connectors can be employed to operably transmit a motion, generated by the motor  5001 , from the gearbox  5003  to the end effector to treat tissue grasped by the end effector. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 9,504,520, titled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH MODULAR MOTOR, and issued Nov. 29, 2016, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, describes several mechanical and electrical connectors that are suitable for use with the surgical instrument  5002  and the motor assembly  5000 . In at least one example, a motor assembly  5000  comprises a body  5010 , a base  5011 , and a pair of pogo pins, for example, that are configured to deliver electrical power to the motor  5001  housed within body  5010 . Pogo pins can engage a plurality of wires in the housing assembly  5006 , which are coupled to an electrical power source  5014 . In various aspects, the motor assembly  5000  is secured or retained within, or at least partially within, the motor-assembly compartment  5007  of the housing assembly  5006  by latching members, clamps, clips, screw-down members, etc. When motor assembly  5000  is inserted into the motor-assembly compartment  5007 , the mechanical and electrical connectors of the motor assembly  5000  are coupled to corresponding structures within the housing assembly  5006  through an electro-mechanical interface  5023  ( FIG.  27   ) to form the assembled configuration. 
     Referring to  FIG.  27   , the RFID system  5004  includes an RFID scanner  5022  and RFID tag  5021  detectable by the RFID scanner in the assembled configuration. In various aspects, the RFID scanner  5022  is configured to read and/or write to the RFID tag  5021  in the assembled configuration. In the example illustrated in  FIG.  27   , the RFID scanner  5022  comprises a detection range defined by a distance “d”. The RFID tag  5021  is at or within the detection range defined by the distance “d” when the motor assembly  5000  is in an assembled configuration with the housing assembly  5006 . 
     Referring still to  FIG.  27   , the RFID scanner  5022  is coupled to a control circuit  1210  that includes a microcontroller comprising a processor  1214  and a storage medium such as, for example, the memory  1212 , as described elsewhere herein in greater detail. The RFID tag  5021  stores information indicative of the motor assembly  5000 , which is read by the RFID scanner  5022  while the motor assembly  5000  is retained by the motor-assembly compartment  5007  in the assembled configuration. 
     In at least one example, the control circuit  1210  receives an input from the RFID scanner  5022  indicative of the motor-assembly information, and adjusts one or more parameters of operation of the motor  5001  based on the motor-assembly information. The control circuit  1210  can employ a motor driver  5018  to perform the parameter adjustments. In the example illustrated in  FIG.  27   , the motor driver  5018  is positioned within the housing assembly  5006 , and interfaces with the motor  5001  in the assembled configuration through the electro-mechanical interface  5023 . In other examples, the motor driver  5018  is a part of the motor assembly  5000 , and is configured to interface with the control circuit  1210  through the electro-mechanical interface  5023 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  28   , the processor  1214  of the control circuit  1210  can be configured to select a control algorithm of the surgical instrument  5002  based on the motor-assembly information retrieved from the RFID tag  5021  by the RFID scanner  5022 . The control algorithms can be stored in the memory  1214 , for example, in the form of a database or a look-up table  5030 . Alternatively, or additionally, the motor-assembly information of a motor assembly can include a control algorithm recommended for use with the motor assembly. 
     In various examples, the motor-assembly information of a motor assembly  5000 , for example, comprises one or more of identification information, manufacturer information, and specific tolerances of the motor  5001  and/or the gearbox  5003 , for example. The motor-assembly information can include model numbers, lot numbers, manufacturing dates, and/or any other relevant information. 
     In the example illustrated in  FIG.  28   , each row represents a control algorithm associated with a motor assembly, which can be selected by the processor  1214  based on the retrieved motor-assembly information. The values in the outer left column are based on input from the RFID scanner  5022  indicative of the motor-assembly information of motor assemblies MA 1 -MA n . In at least one example, the values in the outer left column can be motor-assembly identification or model numbers. The middle columns include values of motor velocity, inertia/dynamic breaking, stroke length, current limits/force limits that are associated with each of the motor assemblies MA 1 -MA n . The values in the outer right column represent suitable voltage and discharge values of a power source  5014  configured to power motor assemblies MA 1 -MA n  when coupled to the surgical instrument  5002 . 
     Referring still to  FIG.  5   , in various aspects, the control circuit  1210  is configured to employ the RFID system  5004  to retrieve motor-assembly information that identify a motor assembly coupled to the surgical instrument  5002 . The control circuit  1210  then determines, from the look-up table  5030  suitable voltage and discharge values for the power source  5014  based on the retrieved motor-assembly information. 
     In various aspects, the control circuit  1210  employs a formula or calibration factor to adjust the operational parameters of a motor assembly  5000 , for example. The formula or calibration factor can be stored by the RFID tag  5021 , and received by the control circuit  1210  through input from the RFID scanner  5022 . Alternatively, the formula or calibration factor can be retrieved from a storage medium such as, for example, the memory  1212  based on identification information of the memory assembly associated with such formula or calibration factor. 
     Referring to  FIG.  25   , a logic flow diagram of a process  5050  depicts a control program or a logic configuration for adjusting operational parameters of a motor  5001 , for example, of the surgical instrument  5002 . In at least one example, the process  5050  is executed by a control circuit  1210  ( FIG.  27   ) that includes a processor  1214  and a memory  1212  storing a set of computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor  1214 , cause the processor  1214  to perform of the process  5050 . In certain examples, a set of computer-executable instructions, stored in the memory  1212  may cause the processor  1214  to perform discrete portions of the process  5050 . Although the process  5050  is described as being executed by a control circuit  1210 , this is merely for brevity, and it should be understood that the process  5050  and other processes described herein, or portions thereof, can be executed by circuitry that can include a variety of hardware and/or software components and may be located in or associated with various suitable systems such as, for example, combinational logic circuits or sequential logic circuits. 
     In various aspects, the process  5050  includes reading  5051  an internal component identification information from an RFID tag  5021  by an RFID scanner  5022 , for example. In at least one example, the internal component is a motor assembly  5000 , a motor  5001 , a gearbox  5003 , or a power source  5014 . The process  5050  further determines  5052  whether an algorithm adjustment parameter is included with the internal component identification information. If so, the process  5050  adjusts  5053  a control algorithm associated with the internal component in accordance with the received algorithm adjustment parameter. If an algorithm adjustment parameter is included, the process  5050  uses  5054  the internal component identification information to retrieve an algorithm adjustment parameter, or select a suitable control algorithm, for the internal component based on a database or look-up table of internal component identification information and corresponding algorithm adjustment parameters, or control algorithms. 
     Many surgical instruments utilize a battery to provide the electrical power required to operate a surgical instrument. Such batteries can include, for example, a primary cell/non-rechargeable battery such as an alkaline battery or a lithium battery, or a secondary cell/rechargeable battery such as a nickel metal hydride battery or a lithium ion battery. The different types of batteries can have different materials, chemistries, sizes, electrical characteristics (e.g., nominal voltages, discharge rates, etc.), discharge efficiencies, and costs. The type of battery utilized in a given surgical instrument is typically selected based on a variety of factors such as, among other things, disposable vs. rechargeable, size, output characteristics and cost. 
     As battery technology continues to advance, different battery chemistries having different capacities, output characteristics, etc. continue to evolve. It is now conceivable that throughout the useful life of a given surgical instrument, different battery packs which have differing capabilities and are made by different manufacturers may be utilized at different times with the given surgical instrument. For such instances, in order to optimize the performance of the surgical instrument, it is desirable for the given surgical instrument to be able to differentiate between the different batteries. 
     It is also now conceivable that throughout the useful life of a given battery, the given battery may be utilized to power different surgical instruments at different times, where the power requirements of the different surgical instruments can vary. Therefore, in order to match the capability of the battery with the power requirement of a given surgical instrument, it is desirable for the battery to be able to differentiate between the different surgical instruments and to be able to adjust the electrical characteristics of the battery as needed. 
       FIG.  29    illustrates a partial perspective view of a surgical instrument  3000 , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The surgical instrument  3000  is similar to the surgical circular stapling instrument  10  described hereinabove and includes a housing assembly  3002 , a shaft assembly  3004 , a stapling head assembly (not shown) and an anvil (not shown), where the housing assembly  3002  is similar or identical to the housing assembly  100 , the shaft assembly  3004  is similar or identical to the shaft assembly  200 , the stapling head assembly (not shown) is similar or identical to the stapling head assembly  300  and the anvil (not shown) is similar or identical to the anvil  400 . As shown in  FIG.  29   , the surgical instrument  3000  is also configured to receive a battery  3006 . In some aspects, the surgical instrument  3000  further includes the battery  3006 . Although not shown for purposes of clarity in  FIG.  29   , the surgical instrument also includes an electric motor  3008  (See  FIG.  30   ) which is similar or identical to the motor  160 . The electric motor  3008  is couplable with the battery  3006 , and is configured to move the anvil toward the staple head assembly to grasp tissue between the anvil and the staple head assembly, and to fire staples of the stapling head assembly into the grasped tissue. Although the surgical instrument  3000  is shown as a circular stapler, it will be appreciated that according to other aspects, the surgical instrument  3000  may be a linear stapler or other powered surgical instrument. In various aspects the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  is similar in many respects to the surgical instrument  2200 , and can be assembled from one or more of the interchangeable components of the surgical instrument  2200  illustrated in  FIG.  18   . 
     The battery  3006  may be any suitable type of battery, and may include any suitable number of cells. For example, according to various aspects, the battery  3006  may include a lithium battery such as a lithium manganese oxide (Li—MnO 2 ) or CR123 battery, a lithium ion battery such as a 15270 battery, an alkaline battery such as a manganese oxide (MnO 2 ) battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, etc. In at least one aspect, the battery  3006  is in the form of a battery pack which includes a plurality of cells. For purposes of brevity, the battery  3006  will be referred to hereinafter as the battery pack  3006 . The battery pack  3006  is similar to the battery pack  120  but is different in that the battery pack  3006  includes a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag  3010  positioned within the battery pack  3006 . The RFID tag  3010  stores information related to the battery pack  3006  and such information may include, for example, a battery identification number, the manufacturer/brand of batteries in the battery pack  3006 , the chemistry/type of batteries (lithium, lithium-ion, etc.) in the battery pack  3006 , whether the type of batteries in the battery pack  3006  are chargeable or non-rechargeable, the capacity of the battery pack  3006 , the nominal voltage of the batteries in the battery pack  3006 , the current draw characteristics of the batteries in the battery pack  3006 , other output characteristics of the battery pack  3006 , etc. The RFID tag  3010  is very compact in size (e.g., 13 mm square or less), thereby allowing for the RFID tag  3010  to be incorporated into the battery pack  3006  without unduly increasing the overall size of the battery pack  3006 . According to various aspects, the RFID tag  3010  may be similar to the miniaturized RFID tag described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,171,244. 
     The surgical instrument  3000  is different from the surgical circular stapling instrument  10  in that the surgical instrument  3000  further includes an RFID scanner  3012 . The RFID scanner  3012  is positioned within the housing assembly  3002  and is configured to read the information stored at the RFID tag  3010 , where the stored information is related to the battery pack  3006 . The RFID scanner  3012  is also configured to communicate data indicative of the read information to a control circuit  3014  (See  FIG.  30   ) of the surgical instrument  3000  for processing. The RFID tag  3010  and the RFID scanner  3012  cooperate to collectively allow for the surgical instrument  3000  to be able to identify the battery pack  3006 , and determine whether the battery pack  3006  is suitable for use with the surgical instrument  3000 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  29   , the RFID scanner  3012  is positioned at a battery interface  3013  of the housing assembly  3002 . The RFID tag  3010  is configured to be detected by the RFID scanner  3012  in an assembled, or at least partially assembled, configuration of the battery  3006  with the housing assembly  3002 . This approach eliminates the need for a separate scanning step by tethering the detection of the RFID tag  3010  by the RFID scanner  3012  to the assembly of the battery  3006  to the housing assembly  3002 . It also ensures that the detected battery  3006  is the one ultimately assembled with the housing assembly  3002 . In various aspects, the detection range of an RFID scanner  3012  is limited such that it is only able to detect a corresponding RFID tag  3010  in an assembled, or at least partially assembled, configuration of the battery  3006  with the housing assembly  3002 . 
     Similarly, the RFID tag  3032  is positioned at the battery interface  3013  of the housing assembly  3002 . The RFID tag  3032  is configured to be detected by the RFID scanner  3034  in an assembled, or at least partially assembled, configuration of the battery  3006  with the housing assembly  3002 . In various aspects, the detection range of an RFID scanner  3034  is limited such that it is only able to detect a corresponding RFID tag  3032  in an assembled, or at least partially assembled, configuration of the battery  3006  with the housing assembly  3002 . 
     In various aspects, as illustrated in  FIG.  29   , the RFID scanner  3034  and the RFID tag  3010  are configured to be aligned with the RFID tag  3032  and the RFID scanner  3012 , respectively, in the assembled configuration. The alignment, once achieved, brings the RFID tag  3010  within the detection range of the RFID scanner  3012 , and the RFID tag  3032  within the detection range of the RFID scanner  3034 . 
       FIG.  30    illustrates a control circuit  3014  of the surgical instrument  3000 , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The control circuit  3014  is communicably connected to the RFID scanner  3012  and is similar to the control circuit  1210  in that the control circuit  3014  includes a processor  3016  and a storage medium such as, for example, a memory  3018 . The memory  3018  stores program instructions for performing various processes such as, for example, determining whether the battery pack  3006  is compatible for use with the surgical instrument  3000  (e.g., battery compatibility verification). The program instructions, when executed by the processor  3016 , cause the processor  3016  to verify the compatibility of the battery pack  3006  with the surgical instrument  3000  by comparing the information received from the RFID tag  3010  to information stored in the memory  3018 . The information stored at the memory  3018  may be in the form of, for example, a compatibility database or a lookup table which includes information regarding identification information for batteries which can be utilized with the surgical instrument  3000 , output characteristics of batteries which can be utilized with the surgical instrument  3000 , etc. According to various aspects, the control circuit  3014  is communicably connected to other processors and/or memories of the surgical instrument  3000  and/or a surgical hub system, and the described functionality of the control circuit  3014  can be realized with the other processors and/or memories of the surgical instrument  3000  and/or the surgical hub system. The surgical hub system is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,395, titled METHOD OF HUB COMMUNICATION, and filed Dec. 4, 2018, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. 
       FIG.  31    illustrates a logic flow diagram of a process  3020  depicting a control program or a logic configuration for operating the surgical instrument  3000 , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. In at least one example, the process  3020  is executed by the control circuit  3014 . In certain examples, a set of computer-executable instructions, stored in the memory  3018  of the control circuit  3014 , may cause the processor  3016  of the control circuit  3014  to perform discrete operations of the process  3020 . Although the process  3020  is being described in the context of being executed by the control circuit  3014 , it will be understood that the process  3020  and other processes described herein, or portions thereof, can be executed by circuitry that can include a variety of hardware and/or software components and may be located in or associated with various suitable systems such as, for example, combinational logic circuits or sequential logic circuits. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  31   , the process  3020  includes detecting  3022  battery information of the RFID tag  3010  via the RFID scanner  3012 . In various aspects, the RFID scanner  3012  can perform the detection whenever the battery pack  3006  is brought in close proximity to the surgical instrument  3000 . In other instances, the RFID scanner  3012  performs the detection after the battery pack  3006  is inserted into the housing assembly  3002  of the surgical instrument  3000 . The RFID scanner  3012  thereafter communicates  3024  data which is indicative of the detected battery information of the RFID tag  3010  to the control circuit  3014 . The communication of the data may be realized by wired communication or by wireless communication. The processor  3016  of the control circuit  3014  thereafter checks/compares  3026  the communicated data against a battery/surgical instrument compatibility database or lookup table which may be stored in the memory  3018  of the control circuit  3014 . If the check/comparison  3026  results in a match  3029 , the processor  3016  determines  3028  the battery pack  3006  is compatible for use with the surgical instrument  3000 , and a user of the surgical instrument  3000  may be alerted to the compatibility by a visual or audible indicator such as, for example, a light emitting diode or a speaker. However, if the check/comparison  3026  does not result in a match  3029 , the processor  3016  determines  3030  the battery pack  3006  is incompatible for use with the surgical instrument  3000 , and a user of the surgical instrument  3000  may be alerted to the incompatibility by a visual or audible indicator such as, for example, a light emitting diode or a speaker. Additionally, in at least one aspect, when the processor  3016  determines that the battery pack  3006  is incompatible with the surgical instrument  3000 , the processor  3016  may communicate a signal or instruction which operates to cause one or more functionalities of the surgical instrument  3000  to be electrically locked out (e.g., by preventing power being applied to the electric motor  3008  of the surgical instrument  3000 ). Although the process  3020  was described in the context of a given battery pack  3006 , it will be appreciated that the above-described process  3020  may be repeated any number of times for any number of different battery packs. 
     Returning to  FIG.  29   , in at least one aspect, the surgical instrument  3000  further includes an RFID tag  3032  positioned within the housing assembly  3002 , and the battery pack  3006  further includes an RFID scanner  3034  positioned within the battery pack  3006 . The RFID tag  3032  is similar to the RFID tag  3010 , and stores information related to the surgical instrument  3000 . Such information may include, for example, a surgical instrument identification number, the manufacturer/brand of the surgical instrument, the type of surgical instrument (circular stapler, linear stapler, grasper, etc.), type of motor in the surgical device (brushed, brushless), performance capabilities of the surgical instrument, control algorithms residing at the surgical instrument, etc. The RFID scanner  3034  is similar to the RFID scanner  3012 , and is configured to read the information stored at the RFID tag  3032 , where the stored information is related to the surgical instrument  3000 , and communicate data which is indicative of the read information to a control circuit  3040  (See  FIG.  32   ) of the battery pack  3006  for processing. The RFID tag  3032  and the RFID scanner  3034  collectively allow for the battery pack  3006  to be able to identify the surgical instrument  3000 , and verify that the surgical instrument  3000  is suitable for use with the battery pack  3006 . 
       FIG.  32    illustrates a control circuit  3040  of the battery pack  3006 , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The control circuit  3040  is communicably connected to the RFID scanner  3034  and is similar to the control circuit  3014  in that the control circuit  3040  includes a processor  3042  and a storage medium such as, for example, a memory  3044 . The memory  3044  stores program instructions for performing various processes such as, for example, determining whether the surgical instrument  3000  is compatible for use with the battery pack  3006  (e.g., surgical instrument compatibility verification). The program instructions, when executed by the processor  3042 , cause the processor  3044  to verify the compatibility of the surgical instrument  3000  with the battery pack  3006  by comparing the information received from the RFID tag  3032  to information stored in the memory  3044 . The information stored at the memory  3044  may be in the form of, for example, a compatibility database or a lookup table which includes information regarding identification information for various surgical instruments, power requirements of the various surgical instruments, performance parameters of the various surgical instruments, etc. The process executed by the control circuit  3040  to verify the compatibility of the surgical instrument  3000  with the battery pack  3006  is analogous to the process  3020  utilized by the control circuit  3014  to verify the compatibility of the battery pack  3006  with the surgical instrument  3000 . For example, when the processor  3042  determines that the surgical instrument  3000  is incompatible with the battery pack  3006 , the processor  3042  may communicate a signal or instruction which operates to electrically lockout the battery pack  3006  and prevent the battery pack  3006  from providing power to the surgical instrument  3000 . 
     In view of the above-described aspects, it will be appreciated that a number of different batteries can be compatible with the surgical instrument  3000 . Stated differently, the surgical instrument  3000  can be compatible with a number of different batteries. When the surgical instrument  3000  includes the RFID scanner  3012  and the RFID tag  3032 , and various batteries include a RFID tag and a RFID scanner with functionality similar or identical to those of the RFID tag  3010  and the RFID scanner  3034 , the surgical instrument  3000  can identify a plurality of different batteries and determine the compatibility of each of those batteries with the surgical instrument  3000 . Similarly, when the battery pack  3006  includes the RFID tag  3010  and the RFID scanner  3034 , and various surgical instruments include a RFID tag and a RFID scanner with functionality similar or identical to those of the RFID tag  3032  and the RFID scanner  3032 , the battery pack  3006  can identify a plurality of different surgical instruments and determine the compatibility of each of those surgical instruments with the battery pack  3006 . 
       FIG.  33    illustrates the compatibility of the surgical instrument  3000  with a plurality of different battery packs  3006   a ,  3006   b ,  3006   c , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The battery pack  3006   a  includes a RFID tag  3010   a  and a RFID scanner  3034   a  positioned therein, the battery pack  3006   b  includes a RFID tag  3010   b  and a RFID scanner  3034   b  positioned therein, and the battery pack  3006   c  includes a RFID tag  3010   c  and a RFID scanner  3034   c  positioned therein. According to various aspects, the battery pack  3006   a  includes a CR123/lithium battery, the battery pack  3006   b  includes a 15270/lithium ion battery, and the battery pack  3006   c  includes a battery other than a lithium battery or a lithium ion battery. When any one of the battery packs  3006   a ,  3006   b ,  3006   c  is in proximity to or is received by the surgical instrument  3000 , as described above, the respective RFID tag/RFID scanner pairs allow for (1) the surgical instrument  3000  to be able to identify the applicable battery pack  3006   a ,  3006   b ,  3006   c , and determine whether the applicable battery pack  3006   a ,  3006   b ,  3006   c  is compatible with/suitable for use with the surgical instrument  3000  and (2) any of the battery packs  3006   a ,  3006   b ,  3006   c  to be able to identify the surgical instrument  3000  and determine whether the surgical instrument  3000  is compatible with/suitable for use with the applicable battery pack  3006   a ,  3006   b ,  3006   c.    
     Different batteries can have different chemistries, different capacities, different output characteristics, different operational abilities, etc., and different surgical instruments can have different power requirements.  FIG.  34    illustrates a graph  3050  which shows various motor torque/speed/current relationships for the surgical instrument  3000  when powered by different battery packs, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. For the graph  3050 , units of speed (or current) are shown along the vertical axis  3052  and units of torque are shown along the horizontal axis  3054 . The solid line  3056  represents the torque-speed relationship for a lithium ion/15270 battery, where the left end of the solid line  3056  represents the no load speed and the right end of the solid line  3056  represents the stall torque. The solid line  3058  represents the torque-speed relationship for a lithium/CR-123 battery, where the left end of the solid line  3058  represents the no load speed and the right end of the solid line  3058  represents the stall torque. In general, the torque is inversely proportional to the speed of an output shaft of the electric motor  3008  of the surgical instrument  3000 . In other words, the greater the speed—the lower the torque (or the greater the torque, the lower the speed). 
     The dashed line  3060  represents the current drawn from a lithium ion/15270 battery, where the left end of the dashed line  3060  represents the no load current and the right end of the dashed line  3060  represents the stall current. The dashed line  3062  represents the current drawn from a lithium/CR-123 battery, where the left end of the dashed line  3062  represents the no load current and the right end of the dashed line  3062  represents the stall current. For both batteries, the no-load current is greater than zero because it takes a certain amount of current to overcome the internal friction of the electric motor  3008 . In general, when an external load is applied, the current drawn from the respective batteries increases to produce the torque required to match it (the torque is proportional to the applied current), and the speed of the electric motor  3008  is reduced. As the external bad is further increased, the speed of the electric motor  3008  is further reduced, eventually reaching stall. In view of the above, it will be appreciated that the motor torque/speed/current relationships can vary appreciably based on the specific battery pack utilized to power the surgical instrument  3000 . 
       FIG.  35    illustrates a bar graph  3070  which shows various energy densities for different battery packs which can be utilized with the surgical instrument  3000 , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The respective energy densities are representative of the amounts of energy stored in the different battery packs per unit mass. For the graph  3070 , watt-hours per kilogram of mass (Wh/Kg) are shown along the vertical axis  3072  and the different battery packs are shown along the horizontal axis  3074 . The bar  3076  representative of the energy density of a nickel metal hydride rechargeable battery is shown as being approximately 80 Wh/Kg, the bar  3078  representative of the energy density of a lithium ion rechargeable battery is shown as being approximately 160 Wh/Kg, the bar  3080  representative of the energy density of an alkaline manganese oxide (MnO 2 ) battery is shown as being approximately 205 Wh/Kg, and the bar  3082  representative of the energy density of a primary/disposable lithium battery is shown as being approximately 400 Wh/Kg. In view of the above, it will be appreciated that the energy densities of the various battery packs which can be utilized with the surgical instrument  3000  can vary appreciably. 
       FIG.  36    illustrates a bar graph  3090  which shows comparisons of actual energy densities vs. rated energy densities for different battery packs which can be utilized with the surgical instrument  3000 , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. For the graph  3090 , watt-hours per kilogram of mass (Wh/Kg) are shown along the vertical axis  3092  and the different battery packs are shown along the horizontal axis  3094 . For each different type of battery, the actual energy density is less than the rated energy density. In some instances such as for a nickel metal hydride rechargeable battery or a lithium ion rechargeable battery, the actual energy density is only approximately 15%-20% less than the rated energy density. For a primary/disposable lithium battery, the actual energy density is approximately 30% less than the rated energy density. For the alkaline manganese oxide (MnO 2 ) battery, the actual energy density is approximately 75% less than the rated energy density. More specifically, for a nickel metal hydride rechargeable battery, the bar  3096  representative of the rated energy density is shown as being approximately 75 Wh/Kg and the bar  3098  representative of the actual energy density is shown as being approximately 60 Wh/Kg. For a primary/disposable lithium ion battery, the bar  3100  representative of the rated energy density is shown as being approximately 140 Wh/Kg and the bar  3102  representative of the actual energy density is shown as being approximately 120 Wh/Kg. For the alkaline manganese oxide (MnO 2 ) battery, the bar  3104  representative of the rated energy density is shown as being approximately 210 Wh/Kg and the bar  3106  representative of the actual energy density is shown as being approximately 50 Wh/Kg. For the primary/disposable lithium battery, the bar  3108  representative of the rated energy density is shown as being approximately 250 Wh/Kg and the bar  3110  representative of the actual energy density is shown as being approximately 170 Wh/Kg. In view of the above, it will be appreciated that the calculated/rated energy density of a given battery which can be utilized with the surgical instrument  3000  can vary appreciably. 
       FIG.  37    illustrates a bar graph  3111  which shows nominal voltages of different battery packs which can be utilized with the surgical instrument  3000 , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. For the graph  3111 , units of cell voltage (V) are shown along the vertical axis  3112  and the different battery packs are shown along the horizontal axis  3114 . For a primary/disposable lithium battery, the bar  3116  representative of the nominal cell voltage is shown as being approximately 3.0 volts. For a silver oxide battery, the bar  3118  representative of the nominal cell voltage is shown as being approximately 1.6 volts. For an alkaline manganese oxide (MnO 2 ) battery, the bar  3120  representative of the nominal cell voltage is shown as being approximately 1.5 volts. For a nickel metal hydride rechargeable battery, the bar  3122  representative of the nominal cell voltage is shown as being approximately 1.3 volts. For a lithium ion rechargeable battery, the bar  3124  representative of the nominal cell voltage is shown as being approximately 3.8 volts. In view of the above, it will be appreciated that the nominal voltages of different battery cells which can be utilized with the surgical instrument  3000  can vary appreciably. 
     Different brands of batteries, which can be made by different companies, can have different capacities (e.g., Ampere-Hours) for a given discharge rate (e.g., current/hour). For example, different brands of CR-123A/CR17335 batteries can have different capacities for given discharge rates. Different capacities for given discharge rates for different brands of CR-123A/CR17335 batteries are set forth in Table B1 below, where the respective discharge currents will discharge the respective batteries in one hour. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE B1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Code  
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Used 
                 Amp-Hrs @ 
                 Amp-Hrs @ 
                 Amp-Hrs @ 
                 Amp-Hrs @ 
               
               
                   
                 in 
                 100 mA 
                 700 mA 
                 1500 mA 
                 2200 mA 
               
               
                 Brand 
                 FIG. 
                 Discharge 
                 Discharge 
                 Discharge 
                 Discharge 
               
               
                 Name 
                 38 
                 Current 
                 Current 
                 Current 
                 Current 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Autec 
                 AU 
                 0.616 
                 0.688 
                 0.439 
                 0.625 
               
               
                 Duracell 
                 DC 
                   
                 1.234 
                 0.632 
                 0.730 
               
               
                 Energizer 
                 EI 
                   
                 1.210 
                 0.655 
                 0.700 
               
               
                 Maxell 
                 MX 
                   
                 1.100 
                 0.466 
                 0.543 
               
               
                 Panasonic 
                 PS 
                   
                 1.260 
                 0.692 
                 0.692 
               
               
                 Powerizer 
                 PW 
                   
                 0.880 
                 0.499 
                 0.502 
               
               
                 PowPower 
                 PP 
                   
                 1.040 
                 0.801 
                 0.817 
               
               
                 Sanyo 
                 SY 
                   
                 1.080 
                 0.487 
                 0.557 
               
               
                 Tenergy 
                 TE 
                   
                 0.900 
                 0.488 
                 0.626 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As shown in Table B1, the capacity of a battery can vary based on the discharge current. For example, for the Autec battery, the capacity is shown in Table B1 as being 0.616 Amp-Hrs at a 100 mA discharge current, 0.688 Amp-Hrs at a 700 mA discharge current, 0.439 Amp-Hrs at a 1500 mA discharge current and 0.625 Amp-Hrs at a 2200 mA discharge current. As also shown in Table B1, at a discharge current of 700 MA, the capacities of the different brands of CR-123A/CR17335 batteries can vary from a low of 0.688 Amp-Hrs for the Autec battery to a high of 1.260 Amp-Hrs for the Panasonic battery. At a discharge current of 1500 mA, the capacities of the different brands of CR-123A/CR17335 batteries can vary from a low of 0.439 Amp-Hrs for the Autec brand to a high of 0.801 Amp-Hrs for the PowPower brand. At a discharge current of 2200 mA, the capacities of the different brands of CR-123A/CR17335 batteries can vary from a low of 0.543 Amp-Hrs for the Maxell brand to a high of 0.817 Amp-Hrs for the PowPower brand. In view of the above, it will be appreciated that the capacities of different batteries which can be utilized with the surgical instrument  3000  can vary appreciably based on both the manufacturer/brand of the battery and the discharge current of the battery. 
       FIG.  38    illustrates a graph  3130  which shows discharge curves of different CR123A/CR17335 batteries which can be utilized with the surgical instrument  3000 , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. For the graph  3130 , units of voltage (Volts) are shown along the vertical axis  3132 , units of energy charge in Ampere-Hours (Amp-Hrs) are shown along the horizontal axis  3134 , and the respective discharge curves are labeled with the two-letter codes listed in Table B1 (e.g., AU, DC, EI, MX, PS, PW, PP, SY, TE) for the different brands of batteries. The respective discharge curves correspond to the different brands of CR-123A/CR17335 batteries listed in Table B1 above, and are based on a discharge current of 1500 mA. As shown in  FIG.  38   , each brand of CR-123A/CR17335 battery can have its own characteristic nominal voltage and its own characteristic discharge curve. Stated differently, each brand of CR-123A/CR17335 battery can provide different voltages for different amounts of time. For example, the Autec battery (Au) is shown as having provided 0.3 Amp-Hrs of energy charge before its voltage drops to 2.0 volts whereas the PowPower battery (PP) is shown as having provided approximately 0.8 Amp-Hrs of energy charge before its voltage drops to 2.0 volts. In view of the above, it will be appreciated that the energy charge provided by different batteries which can be utilized with the surgical instrument  3000  can vary appreciably. 
       FIG.  39    illustrates a graph  3140  which shows a discharge curve  3142  for a lithium-ion battery which can be utilized with the surgical instrument  3000 , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. For the graph  3140 , units of voltage (Volts) are shown along the vertical axis  3144  and units of capacity (Ah) are shown along the horizontal axis  3146 . As shown in  FIG.  39   , the nominal voltage of the lithium-ion battery is approximately 4.3 volts, the lithium-ion battery provides a voltage of at least approximately 3.75 volts until the lithium-ion battery has discharged approximately 5.0 Ah of capacity, then the voltage provided by the lithium-ion battery drops significantly thereafter until the lithium-ion battery has fully discharged approximately 5.5 Ah of its capacity. 
     The discharge rate of a given battery can vary by temperature, sometimes dramatically.  FIG.  40    illustrates a graph  3150  which shows different discharge curves for different temperatures of a lithium-ion battery which can be utilized with the surgical instrument  3000 , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. For the graph  3150 , units of voltage (Volts) are shown along the vertical axis  3152 , units of capacity (Ah) are shown along the horizontal axis  3154 , and the discharge current is 1100 mA which is equivalent to a C/5 rate for the lithium-ion battery. A C-rate is a measure of the rate at which a battery is discharged relative to its maximum capacity. As shown in  FIG.  40   , for the discharge curve  3156 , which represents the discharge curve for the lithium-ion battery at −40° C., the lithium-ion battery provides a voltage of at least 3.0 volts until the lithium-ion battery has discharged approximately 2.0 Ah of capacity, then provides a voltage slightly below 3.0 volts until the lithium-ion battery has discharged approximately 3.5 Ah of capacity, then the voltage provided by the lithium-ion battery begins to drop significantly thereafter. For the discharge curve  3158 , which represents the discharge curve for the lithium-ion battery at −30° C., the lithium-ion battery provides a voltage of at least 3.0 volts until the lithium-ion battery has discharged approximately 4.1 Ah of capacity, then the voltage provided by the lithium-ion battery begins to drop significantly thereafter. For the discharge curve  3160 , which represents the discharge curve for the lithium-ion battery at 20° C., the lithium-ion battery provides a voltage of at least 3.8 volts until the lithium-ion battery has discharged approximately 4.8 Ah of capacity, then the voltage provided by the lithium-ion battery begins to drop significantly thereafter. For the discharge curve  3162 , which represents the discharge curve for the lithium-ion battery at 60° C., the lithium-ion battery provides a voltage of at least 3.80 volts until the lithium-ion battery has discharged approximately 4.5 Ah of capacity, then the voltage provided by the lithium-ion battery begins to drop significantly thereafter. In view of the above, it will be appreciated that the discharge rate of a given lithium-ion battery does not vary linearly by temperature, and temperatures which are too cold or too hot can negatively affect the performance of the lithium-ion battery. 
     The energy capacity of a given battery can vary based on the rate the battery is discharged.  FIG.  41    illustrates a graph  3170  which shows different discharge curves for different discharge rates of a CR123 battery which can be utilized with the surgical instrument  3000 , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. For the graph  3170 , units of voltage (Volts) are shown along the vertical axis  3172 , units of power in Watt-Hours (Wh) are shown along the horizontal axis  3174 , and the CR123 battery is a Panasonic Lithium Power battery. As shown by the discharge curve  3176 , for a discharge current of 3.0 amperes, the energy capacity of the battery is approximately 1.2 Wh. As shown by the discharge curve  3178 , for a discharge current of 2.0 amperes, the energy capacity of the battery is approximately 2.3 Wh. As shown by the discharge curve  3180 , for a discharge current of 1.0 amperes, the energy capacity of the battery is approximately 3.2 Wh. As shown by the discharge curve  3182 , for a discharge current of 0.5 amperes, the energy capacity of the battery is approximately 3.7 Wh. As shown by the discharge curve  3184 , for a discharge current of 0.2 amperes, the energy capacity of the battery is approximately 4.1 Wh. As shown by the discharge curve  3186 , for a discharge current of 0.1 amperes, the energy capacity of the battery is approximately 4.25 Wh. In view of the above, it will be appreciated that, in general, the lower the discharge current, the greater the energy capacity of the CR123 battery. Stated differently, in general, the higher the discharge current, the lower the energy capacity of the CR123 battery. 
       FIG.  42    illustrates various operational differences between a dumb battery  3190 , an intelligent battery  3192  and an adaptive surgical instrument  3194 , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. In various aspects, the battery pack  3006  can be configured as the dumb battery  3190 . For the dumb battery  3190 , an RFID tag of the dumb battery  3190  is energized  3196  when the dumb battery  31900  is brought into proximity with or received by a surgical instrument (e.g., the surgical instrument  3000 ), and the dumb battery  3190  then communicates battery identification information to an RFID scanner of the surgical instrument. The surgical instrument may then utilize the battery identification information as described above to verify the compatibility of the dumb battery  3190  with the surgical instrument. 
     In various aspects, the battery pack  3006  can be configured as the intelligent battery  3192 . The intelligent battery  3192  is configured to read  3198  identification information of a surgical instrument, determine/verify  3200  whether the identified surgical instrument is compatible for use with the intelligent battery  3192 , adjust  3202  the output characteristics of the intelligent battery  3192  as needed for proper performance of the identified surgical instrument, energize  3204  the outputs of the intelligent battery  3192 , then provide  3206  the identified surgical instrument with expected battery identification information so that the identified surgical instrument recognizes it is being powered by a known compatible battery. In this way, newer more intelligent batteries that are not necessarily identified in compatibility databases/lookup tables of the identified surgical instrument can nonetheless be permitted to provide power to the identified surgical instrument. As described in more detail hereinafter, the intelligent battery  3192  can mimic the performance of a known compatible battery. 
     In various aspects, the surgical instrument  3000  can be configured as the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 . For the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 , the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  powers up  3208 , reads  3210  the battery identification information provided by a battery such as, for example, the intelligent battery  3192  or the dumb battery  3190  when the battery is brought in proximity to or is received by the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 , determines/verifies  3212  whether the identified battery is compatible for use with the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 , then adjusts  3214  the operation (e.g., motor operation, operational control parameters, etc.) of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  based on the received battery identification information. For example, in various aspects, the operation of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  can vary depending on whether the identified battery is rechargeable or non-rechargeable, the chemistry of the identified battery (e.g., nickel metal hydride, lithium ion, alkaline manganese oxide, lithium, etc.) and/or the output capabilities of the identified battery. In this way, the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  can utilize a much wider variety of different batteries than otherwise possible. 
     For a given battery pack, the relationship between the voltage potential of the battery pack and the current drawn from the battery pack is given by the equation V=IR, where V is the voltage of the battery pack, I is the current drawn from the battery pack and R is the resistance of the load connected to the battery pack. Because different battery packs can have different voltage potentials and different internal resistances, the current to be drawn from the battery pack can vary from battery pack to battery pack when powering a given surgical instrument. Voltage and current values for two different battery packs, one which includes four CR123A batteries and one which includes four 15270 batteries, are shown in Table B2 below for various resistances. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE B2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Battery 
                 Resistance 
                 Voltage 
                 Current 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 CR123A 
                  1.5 ohms 
                  7.5 volts 
                 5.0 amperes 
               
               
                   
                 15270 
                 1.68 ohms 
                 15.0 volts 
                 8.9 amperes 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG.  43    illustrates a graph  3220  which shows the output current capabilities of different battery packs when utilized with the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. For the graph  3220 , units of current I (amperes) are shown along the vertical axis  3222  and units of time are shown along the horizontal axis  3224 . As shown in  FIG.  43   , the current output  3226  from a standard CR-123 battery pack (e.g., 4 batteries) can average approximately 5.0 amperes between the times X and Y, and the current output  3228  from a standard 15270 battery can average approximately 8.9 amperes between the times X and Z. By utilizing the above-described RFID capability, the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  can cause the current drawn from the standard 15270 battery pack to mimic  3230  the current which would be drawn from the standard CR-123 battery pack. In various aspects, the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  can achieve this by adapting a speed control algorithm of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  to lower the speed of the electric motor  3008 , by increasing the resistance which is seen by the 15270 battery pack, by using a voltage divider, etc. to cause the 15270 battery pack to adjust its current output to effectively mimic the current output of the standard CR-123 battery pack. For example, according to various aspects, a processor of a control circuit of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  can communicate an instruction which operates to adapt a speed control algorithm of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  or by using a voltage divider, for example. As the surgical instrument  3000  may be configured as the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 , the control circuit of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  may be similar or identical to the control circuit  1210  and/or the control circuit  3014 . For instances where the 15270 battery pack is an intelligent battery pack (e.g., the intelligent battery  3192 ), the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  can communicate instructions to the intelligent battery pack to operate as a CR-123 battery pack would. 
       FIG.  44    illustrates a graph  3240  which shows the output voltage capabilities of different battery packs when utilized with the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. For the graph  3240 , units of voltage (Volts) are shown along the vertical axis  3242  and units of capacity in Ampere-Hours (AmHrs) are shown along the horizontal axis  3244 . As shown in  FIG.  44   , the voltage output  3246  from a standard CR-123 battery pack discharging at a rate of 1.25 amperes per hour can average approximately 7.0 volts during the time the standard CR-123 battery pack has discharged from approximately 0.05 AmHrs to approximately 0.4 AmHrs, and the voltage output  3248  from a standard 15270 battery pack can average approximately 14.0 volts during the time the standard 15270 battery pack has discharged from approximately 0.08 AmHrs to approximately 0.5 AmHrs. By utilizing the above-described RFID capability, the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  can cause the voltage provided by the standard 15270 battery pack to mimic  3250  the voltage provided by the standard CR-123 battery pack. In various aspects, the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  can achieve this by adapting a speed control algorithm of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  to lower the speed of the electric motor  3008 , by increasing the resistance which is seen by the 15270 battery pack, etc. to cause the 15270 battery pack to adjust its voltage output to effectively mimic the voltage output of the standard CR-123 battery pack. For instances where the 15270 battery pack is an intelligent battery pack (e.g., the intelligent battery  3192 ), the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  can communicate instructions to the intelligent battery pack to operate as a CR-123 battery pack would. In at least one example, a voltage divider could be employed to adjust the voltage output of the battery pack. 
       FIG.  45    illustrates a graph  3260  which shows the output voltage capabilities of different battery packs when utilized with the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. For the graph  3260 , units of voltage (Volts) are shown along the vertical axis  3262  and units of power in Watt-Hours (Whrs) are shown along the horizontal axis  3264 . The graph  3260  is similar to the graph  3240 , but is different in that units of power are shown along the horizontal axis  3264 . As shown in  FIG.  45   , the voltage output  3266  from a standard CR-123 battery pack can average approximately 7.15 volts during the time the standard CR-123 battery pack has provided approximately 0.25 watt-hours of power to the time the standard CR-123 battery pack has provided approximately 3.2 watt-hours of power. During this time period, the voltage provided by the standard CR-123 battery pack is both predictable and stable. Therefore, when the above-described RFID capability is utilized by the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  to cause the voltage  3268  provided by the standard 15270 battery pack to mimic  3261  the voltage provided by the standard CR-123 battery pack. It follows that the “adjusted” voltage provided by the standard CR-123 battery pack is also both predictable and stable during the above-described time period. 
     The dimensional size of many surgical instruments continues to get smaller and smaller. Despite the reduced size, many of the surgical instruments have to accommodate increasing loads, higher performance requirements, and higher over stress conditions. For surgical instruments which include radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology such as radio-frequency identification tags and/or radio-frequency identification scanners, in order to meet the reduced size requirements, the profile of the RFID tags and/or RFID scanners and the associated electronics are continually getting smaller and lower. These smaller systems may not have the memory overhead, processing power, or capacities (range, power, etc.) necessary to accomplish all of the tasks a user would like from the identification systems of the surgical instruments. Therefore, in order to provide additional capabilities like encryption, authentication of multiple components, compatibility verification of multiple components, reprocessing tracking, etc., in various aspects, it can be desirable to utilize encryption/decryption keys which are external to the surgical instrument, and printed or secondary stored data locations to help expand the capabilities and capacities of these smaller less capable systems. 
     Returning to  FIG.  42   , it will be appreciated that the above-described functionality of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  is dependent upon the RFID tag  3010  of the battery pack  3006  being able to communicate the battery identification information to the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  and the RFID scanner  3012  of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  being able to read the battery identification information provided by the RFID tag  3010  of the battery pack  3006 . In certain instances, the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  is unable to determine the compatibility of the battery pack  3006 . For example, in instances where the RFID tag  3010  of the battery pack  3006  has experienced a failure (e.g., a failure in an integrated circuit chip of the RFID tag  3010 , a failure in the electrical connection between the integrated circuit chip and the antenna of the RFID tag  3010 , etc.) such that the RFID tag  3010  fails to communicate the battery identification information, the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  is unable to determine the compatibility of the battery pack  3006 . Similarly, in instances where the RFID scanner  3012  of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  has experienced a failure (e.g., a failure of a wire in the circuitry of the RFID scanner  3012 , a failure in a communication board of the RFID scanner  3012 , etc.) such that the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  is not able to capture, process and/or communicate the battery identification information provided by the battery pack  3006 , the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  is unable to determine the compatibility of the battery pack  3006 . For such instances, it is desirable to have secondary/alternative ways of determining the compatibility of a given battery pack with a given adaptive surgical instrument. 
       FIG.  46    illustrates a battery  3300  for use with the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  of  FIG.  42   , in accordance with at least aspect of the present disclosure. The battery  3300  may be any suitable type of battery, and may include any suitable number of cells. For brevity, the battery  3300  will be referred to hereinafter as the battery pack  3300 . The battery pack  3300  is similar to the battery pack  3006  in that the battery pack  3300  includes a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag  3302 , but is different in that the battery pack  3300  also includes a quick response (QR) code  3304  and/or a product code  3306  positioned on an external surface of the battery pack  3300 . The RFID tag  3302  may be similar or identical to the RFID tag  3010 . 
     The QR code  3304  is a machine-readable optical label which contains information about the battery pack  3300 . Such information can include, for example, a battery identification number, the manufacturer/brand of batteries in the battery pack  3300 , the chemistry/type of batteries (lithium, lithium-ion, etc.) in the battery pack  3300 , whether the type of batteries in the battery pack  3300  are chargeable or non-rechargeable, the capacity of the battery pack  3300 , the nominal voltage of the batteries in the battery pack  3300 , the current draw characteristics of the batteries in the battery pack  3300 , other output characteristics of the battery pack  3300 , etc. In various aspects, a smartphone, tablet, etc. equipped with a camera and a QR code scanner application can be utilized to read the QR code  3304  from the battery pack  3300 . 
     The product code  3306  may include any sequence of numbers, letters, symbols, etc. which uniquely identify the battery pack  3300 . In some aspects, the product code  3306  may be utilized to assist the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  in determining whether the battery pack  3300  is compatible for use with the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 . 
       FIG.  47    illustrates a logic flow diagram of a process  3320  depicting a control program or a logic configuration for operating the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. In at least one example, the process  3320  is executed by a control circuit  1210  ( FIG.  15   ) that includes a processor  1214  and a memory  1212  storing a set of computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor  1214 , cause the processor  1214  to perform of the process  3320 . In certain examples, a set of computer-executable instructions, stored in the memory  1212  may cause the processor  1214  to perform discrete portions of the process  3320 . Although the process  3320  is described as being executed by a control circuit  1210 , this is merely for brevity, and it should be understood that the process  3320  and other processes described herein, or portions thereof, can be executed by circuitry that can include a variety of hardware and/or software components and may be located in or associated with various suitable systems such as, for example, combinational logic circuits or sequential logic circuits. 
     The process  3320  includes ways/methods for determining whether a given battery pack such as, for example, the battery pack  3300 , is compatible for use with the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 . For brevity, the process  3320  will be described in the context of its applicability with the battery pack  3300 . The alternative ways/methods may be utilized in instances where (1) the battery pack  3300  is unable to communicate the battery identification information to the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  and/or the RFID scanner  3012  of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  is unable to read battery identification information provided by the RFID tag  3302  of the battery pack  3300  and (2) the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  is unable to determine/verify the compatibility of the battery pack  3300  with the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  47   , the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  powers up  3322 , then tries to read  3324  the battery identification information provided by the battery pack  3300 , when the battery pack  3300  is brought in proximity to or is received by the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 . In instances where the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  is able to read  3324  the battery identification information, a control circuit of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  (e.g., the control circuit  3014  and/or another control circuit of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 ) determines/verifies  3326  whether the identified battery is compatible for use with the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 , then adjusts  3328  the operation (e.g., motor operation, operational control parameters, etc.) of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  based on the received battery identification information, as described elsewhere herein in greater detail. For example, in various aspects, the operation of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  can vary depending on whether the identified battery is rechargeable or non-rechargeable, the chemistry of the identified battery (e.g., nickel metal hydride, lithium ion, alkaline manganese oxide, lithium, etc.) and/or the output capabilities of the identified battery. In this way, the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  can utilize a much wider variety of different batteries than otherwise possible. In at least one aspect, in addition to storing information in the form of a compatibility database or a lookup table, the memory  3018  of the control circuit  3014  may also store information in the form of an authentication database. 
     However, in instances where the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  is unable to read  3324  the battery identification information (e.g., due to failures in either the RFID tag  3302  of the battery pack  3300  and/or failures of the RFID scanner  3012  of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 ), an indication such as, for example, a visual indication or an audible indication, can be provided through the indicator  1209  ( FIG.  19   ) which notifies a user of the failure of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  to read  3324  the battery identification information. The user or another party may then cause the QR code  3304  and/or the product code  3306  of the battery pack  3300  to be input  3330  to a server. In at least one aspect, the smartphone, tablet, etc. utilized to capture the QR code  3304  may communicate the QR code  3304  to the server through a wired or wireless connection. The communication of the QR code  3304  to the server may be an encrypted communication, just as the communications between the battery pack  3300  and adaptive surgical instrument  3194  may be. The server may be any suitable server such as, for example, a server of a surgical hub system. An example of a surgical hub system is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,395, titled METHOD OF HUB COMMUNICATION, and filed Dec. 4, 2018, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. 
     The server is configured to compare the battery identification information provided by the QR code  3304  and/or the product code  3306  to a database/table to determine  3332  the authenticity of the battery pack  3300  identified by the QR code  3304  and/or product code  3306 . For instances where the server determines that the battery pack  3300  identified by the QR code  3304  and/or product code  3306  is authenticated, the server can generate  3334  a temporary override token which is communicated through a wired or wireless connection to the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 , where a control circuit of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  (e.g., the control circuit  3014  and/or another control circuit of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 ) utilizes the temporary override token as a substitute for the unread battery identification information. The communication of the temporary override token to the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  may be an encrypted communication. The temporary override token effectively acts to override the lockout of the operation of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  which can occur when the battery pack  3300  is not authenticated by the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 . In at least one aspect, the lockout operation is initiated and/or carried out by the control circuit  3014 . For instances where the battery pack  3300  identified by the QR code  3304  and/or product code  3306  is not authenticated, an indication such as, for example, a visual indication or an audible indication, can be provided through the indicator  1209 , which notifies a user of the failure to authenticate the battery pack  3300 . 
     With the temporary override token in place, the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  may then determine/verify  3326  whether the identified battery pack  3300  is compatible for use with the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  as described above. However, if for any reason the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  is unable to verify that the identified battery pack  3300  is compatible with the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 , an indication such as, for example, a visual indication or an audible indication, can be provided which notifies a user of the failure of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  to verify the compatibility of the battery pack  3300  with the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 . In such instances, the user or another party may then cause the QR code  3304  and/or the product code  3306  of the battery pack  3300  to be input  3336  to the server. The server is further configured to compare the battery identification information provided by the QR code  3304  and/or the product code  3306  to a database/table to determine  3338  whether the battery pack  3300  identified by the QR code  3304  and/or product code  3306  is compatible for use with the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 . For instances where the server determines that the battery pack  3300  identified by the QR code  3304  and/or product code  3306  is compatible with the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 , the server can generate  3340  another temporary override token which is communicated to the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 , where a control circuit of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  (e.g., the control circuit  3014  and/or another control circuit of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 ) utilizes the temporary override token as a substitute for the unverified compatibility determination. The communication of another temporary override token to the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  may be an encrypted communication. The other temporary override token effectively acts to override the lockout of the operation of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  which can occur when the compatibility of the battery pack  3300  is not verified by the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 . The adaptive surgical instrument  3194  may thereafter adjust  3328  the operation (e.g., motor operation, operational control parameters, etc.) of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  as described above. 
     Although the description of the process  3320  of  FIG.  47    was limited to (1) determining authenticity of the battery pack  3300  and (2) determining/verifying compatibility of the battery pack  3300  and the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 , the basic logic of the process  3320  may also be utilized to determine the compatibility of any number of components and/or sub-systems which can be utilized with the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 . For example, by providing a given staple cartridge and a given anvil with the above-described RFID capability, the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  can receive staple cartridge identification information from the RFID tag of the given staple cartridge and anvil identification information from the RFID tag of the given anvil. In at least one aspect, the shaft assembly of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  is configured to receive the anvil, and the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  is configured to receive the staple cartridge. In instances where the staple cartridge identification information and the anvil identification information are encrypted, a control circuit of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  (e.g., the control circuit  3014  and/or another control circuit of the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 ) can utilize a universal private key to decrypt the received staple cartridge identification information and the received anvil identification information, then determine/verify the compatibility of the given staple cartridge with the given anvil, as well as the compatibility of the given staple cartridge and the given anvil with the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 . In instances where it is determined that the staple cartridge is not compatible with the anvil, the server and/or another system may provide an indication of the source of the incompatibility issue and provide details regarding how to correct the incompatibility issue through the indicator  1209 , for example. 
     Additionally, the basic logic of the process  3320 , and QR codes, product codes and one or more servers as described above, can be utilized to determine authenticity/compatibility of any number of components and/or sub-systems when the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  is unable to receive/read the applicable identification information. For example, in addition to determining the authenticity of the battery pack  3300  and the compatibility of the battery pack  3300  with the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  when the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  is unable to receive/read the applicable identification information (e.g., due to a failure of the RFID tags and/or RFID scanners), the same basic process of utilizing the QR codes, product codes and one or more servers can be utilized to determine the authenticity of anvils and staple cartridges, as well as the compatibility of a given anvil with a given cartridge, as well as the compatibility of the given anvil and the given cartridge with the adaptive surgical instrument  3194 . In instances where the server determines that the staple cartridge is not compatible with the anvil, the server and/or another system may provide an indication of the source of the incompatibility issue and provide details regarding how to correct the incompatibility issue. 
     Additionally, as many components and sub-systems which can be utilized with the adaptive surgical instrument  3194  come in a packaging, if applicable QR codes and/or product codes are included on the packaging, the basic logic of the process  3320 , and QR codes, product codes and one or more servers as described above, can be utilized to determine authenticity/compatibility of any number of components and/or sub-systems which are presumed to be in the packaging. 
       FIG.  48    illustrates a logic flow diagram of a process  3400  depicting a control program or a logic configuration for verifying authenticity and/or compatibility of surgical instruments components of a surgical instrument such as, for example, the surgical instruments  2200 ,  3194 . In at least one example, the process  3400  is executed by a control circuit  1210  ( FIG.  15   ) that includes a processor  1214  and a memory  1212  storing a set of computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor  1214 , cause the processor  1214  to perform of the process  3400 . In certain examples, a set of computer-executable instructions, stored in the memory  1212  may cause the processor  1214  to perform discrete portions of the process  3400 . Although the process  3320  is described as being executed by a control circuit  1210 , this is merely for brevity, and it should be understood that the process  3400  and other processes described herein, or portions thereof, can be executed by circuitry that can include a variety of hardware and/or software components and may be located in or associated with various suitable systems such as, for example, combinational logic circuits or sequential logic circuits. 
     In various examples, the control circuit  1210 , for example, can employ the process  3400  to verify authenticity and/or compatibility of a surgical instrument and a battery pack releasably couplable to the surgical instrument between an assembled configuration and an unassembled configuration. In other examples, the control circuit  1210 , for example, can employ the process  3400  verifies authenticity and/or compatibility of an anvil and a staple cartridge of a surgical instrument. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  48   , the process  3400  includes receiving  3402  a first input indicative of a first identification information of a first surgical instrument component of a surgical instrument such as, for example, the surgical instrument  2200  ( FIG.  19   ). The first identification information can be stored in a first RFID tag of the first surgical instrument component. The process  3400  includes receiving  3404  a second input indicative of a second identification information of a second surgical instrument component of the surgical instrument. The second identification information can be stored in a second RFID tag of the second surgical instrument component. As illustrated in  FIG.  19   , for example, control circuit  1210  can be coupled to one or more RFID scanner configured to read the stored identification information. 
     The process  3400  further includes receiving  3406  a third input indicative of a third identification information of a packaging of the first surgical instrument component of the surgical instrument. In a first example, the packaging comprises an RFID tag that stores the third identification information. In a second example, the packaging comprises a CR code that comprises the third identification information. In a third example, the packaging comprises a product number that comprises the third identification information. The third identification information is an encrypted conglomeration of the first identification information and the second identification information, and can be retrieved by the control circuit  1210  via an RFID scanner in the first example, or any suitable smartphone, tablet, etc. equipped with a camera in the second and third examples. 
     In various instances, the process  3400  further includes decrypting  3408  the encryption of the third identification information, and determining  3410  authenticity of the first and second surgical instrument components by comparing the first identification information and the second identification information to the decrypted third identification information. In certain instances, the memory  1212  may store a decryption key that can be utilized by the processor  1214  to decrypt the encryption of the third identification information. 
     Furthermore, in certain examples, the process  3400  may include determining  3412  compatibility of the first and second surgical components based on the first identification information and the second identification information. In at least one example, the memory  1212  stores a compatibility database or lookup table that can be utilized by the processor  1214  to assess compatibility of the first and second surgical instrument components. In certain examples, the first identification information identify the surgical instrument itself, and can be stored in the memory  1212  of the control circuit  1210  where it can be retrieved by the processor  1214 . In certain examples, the second surgical instrument component is a battery pack such as, for example, the battery pack  120 . In at least one example, the first surgical instrument component is an anvil such as, for example, the anvil  2400 , while the second surgical instrument component is a staple cartridge such as, for example, the staple cartridge of the stapling head assembly  2300 . Other examples of first and second surgical instrument components suitable for use with the process  3400  are contemplated by the present disclosure. 
     Various aspects of the subject matter described herein are set out in the following examples. 
     Example Set 1 
     
         
         
           
             Example 1—A surgical instrument comprising a housing, a shaft assembly extending distally from the housing, a stapling head assembly located at a distal end of the shaft assembly, an anvil couplable with the stapling head assembly, and an anvil adjustment assembly. The stapling head assembly comprises a distal surface. The stapling head assembly is operable to drive an annular array of staples through the distal surface. The stapling head assembly comprises a radio-frequency identification (RFID) scanner. The anvil is translatable relative to the stapling head assembly toward a closed configuration. The anvil comprises an RFID tag. The anvil adjustment assembly comprises a translating member. The translating member is operable to translate relative to the housing along a longitudinal axis to thereby adjust a longitudinal position of the anvil relative to the distal surface of the stapling head assembly. The RFID tag is detectable by the RFID scanner at or below an attachment threshold distance. 
             Example 2—The surgical instrument of Example 1, wherein the RFID tag is adapted to store information about the anvil. 
             Example 3—The surgical instrument of Examples 1 or 2, wherein the anvil comprises a head and a shank extending from the head. The shank supports the RFID tag. 
             Example 4—The surgical instrument of Example 3, wherein the shank comprises a recess sized to receive the RFID tag. 
             Example 5—The surgical instrument of Examples 3 or 4, wherein the RFID tag is insulated from the shank. 
             Example 6—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 1-5, wherein the RFID tag is detectable by the RFID scanner in the closed configuration. 
             Example 7—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 1-6, wherein the stapling head assembly comprises an inner core member. The inner core member supports the RFID scanner. 
             Example 8—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 1-7, further comprising a control circuit configured to detect a proper seating orientation of the anvil with respect to the stapling head assembly based on input from the RFID scanner. 
             Example 9—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 1-8, further comprising a control circuit configured to check compatibility of the anvil with a staple cartridge of the stapling head assembly based on input from the RFID scanner indicative of information about the anvil. 
             Example 10—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 1-9, further comprising a control circuit configured to detect the closed configuration based on input from the RFID scanner. 
             Example 11—The surgical instrument of Example 10, further comprising an indicator coupled to the control circuit. The control circuit is configured to cause the indicator to issue an alert indicative of the closed configuration. 
             Example 12—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 1-11, further comprising a lockout assembly. The lockout assembly is configured to transition between a first state and a second state. In the first state, the lockout assembly is configured to permit translation of the translating member. In the second state, the lockout assembly is configured to prevent translation of the translating member. 
             Example 13—The surgical instrument of Example 12, further comprising a control circuit configured to select between the first state and the second state based on input from the RFID scanner. 
             Example 14—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 1-13, further comprising a control circuit configured to detect detachment of the anvil from the stapling head assembly based on loss of a signal between the RFID scanner and the RFID tag. 
             Example 15—A surgical instrument comprising a shaft assembly, a stapling head assembly located at a distal end of the shaft assembly, and an anvil couplable with the stapling head assembly. The stapling head assembly comprises a staple cartridge and an RFID scanner. The staple cartridge comprises a cartridge deck. The stapling head assembly is operable to drive staples from the staple cartridge through the cartridge deck. The staple cartridge comprises a first RFID tag. The first RFID tag is adapted to store information about the staple cartridge. The RFID scanner is configured to detect the first RFID tag of the staple cartridge retained the stapling head assembly. The anvil is translatable relative to the stapling head assembly toward a closed configuration. The anvil comprises a second RFID tag. The second RFID tag is adapted to store information about the anvil. The RFID scanner is configured to detect the second RFID tag in the closed configuration. 
             Example 16—The surgical instrument of Example 15, further comprising a control circuit coupled to the RFID scanner. The control circuit is configured to determine compatibility between the anvil and the staple cartridge based on the information stored in the first RFID tag and the information stored in the second RFID tag. 
             Example 17—The surgical instrument of Examples 15 or 16, further comprising a control circuit coupled to the RFID scanner. The control circuit is configured to determine a firing status of the staple cartridge based on the information stored in the first RFID tag. 
             Example 18—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 15-17, further comprising a control circuit configured to detect a proper seating orientation of the anvil with respect to the stapling head assembly based on signals transmitted to the RFID scanner from the first RFID tag and the second RFID tag. 
             Example 19—A surgical instrument comprising a housing, a shaft assembly extending distally from the housing, a stapling head assembly located at a distal end of the shaft assembly, an anvil couplable with the stapling head assembly, and an RFID system. The stapling head assembly comprises a distal surface. The stapling head assembly is operable to drive an annular array of staples through the distal surface. The anvil is translatable relative to the stapling head assembly toward a closed configuration to capture tissue therebetween. The RFID system comprises an RFID scanner and an RFID tag adapted to store information about the anvil. The RFID tag is configured to transmit an RF signal indicative of the information to the RFID scanner in the closed configuration. The surgical instrument further comprises a control circuit coupled to the RFID scanner. The control circuit is configured to determine a characteristic of the tissue based on RF signal backscatter from the tissue. 
             Example 20—The surgical instrument of Example 19, wherein the characteristic is tissue thickness. 
           
         
       
    
     Example Set 2 
     
         
         
           
             Example 1—A surgical instrument comprising an end effector, a shaft, and a housing. The end effector comprises an anvil, a staple cartridge including staples deployable toward the anvil and through tissue grasped between the anvil and the staple cartridge, a cutting member configured to cut the tissue, and a first radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag configured to store end effector information. The shaft comprises a distal portion selectively transitionable with the end effector between a first attached configuration and a first detached configuration, a first RFID scanner near the distal portion, a proximal portion, and a second RFID tag configured to store shaft information. The first RFID scanner is configured to detect the first RFID tag in the first attached configuration. The housing is selectively transitionable with the proximal portion of the shaft between a second attached configuration and a second detached configuration. The housing comprises a second RFID scanner configured to detect the second RFID tag in the second attached configuration, a motor configured to apply a load to the end effector to staple and cut the tissue, and a control circuit. The control circuit is configured to receive input from the first RFID scanner indicative of the end effector information, receive input from the second RFID scanner indicative of the shaft information, and adjust at least one parameter of operation of the motor based on the end effector information and the shaft information. 
             Example 2—The surgical instrument of Example 1, wherein the end effector information is indicative of a staple cartridge size. The shaft information is indicative of a shaft profile. 
             Example 3—The surgical instrument of Example 2, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine a final maximum load threshold of the load applied by the motor to the end effector based on the staple cartridge size and the shaft profile. 
             Example 4—The surgical instrument of Example 3, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine the final maximum load threshold by adjusting a default maximum load threshold by a first adjustment value based on the staple cartridge size and a second adjustment value based on the shaft profile. 
             Example 5—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 2-4, wherein the control circuit is configured to delay an activation of the motor a predetermined time period based on the staple cartridge size. 
             Example 6—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 1-5, wherein the control circuit is configured to receive input from a user and adjust the at least one parameter of operation of the motor based on at least two of the user input, the end effector information, and the shaft information. 
             Example 7—The surgical instrument of Example 6, wherein the input from the user comprises a user-selected form height. 
             Example 8—A surgical instrument comprising an end effector and a housing assembly. The end effector comprises an anvil, a staple cartridge including staples deployable toward the anvil and through tissue grasped between the anvil and the staple cartridge, a cutting member configured to cut the tissue, and a first RFID tag configured to store end effector information. The housing assembly comprises a shaft selectively transitionable with the end effector between an attached configuration and an detached configuration, an RFID scanner configured to detect the RFID tag in the attached configuration, a motor configured to apply a load to the end effector to staple and cut the tissue, and a control circuit. The control circuit is configured to receive input from the RFID scanner indicative of the end effector information and adjust at least one parameter of operation of the motor based on the end effector information. 
             Example 9—The surgical instrument of Example 8, wherein the end effector information is indicative of a staple cartridge size. 
             Example 10—The surgical instrument of Example 9, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine a final maximum load threshold of the load applied by the motor to the end effector based on the staple cartridge size. 
             Example 11—The surgical instrument of Example 10, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine the final maximum load threshold by adjusting a default maximum load threshold by an adjustment value based on the staple cartridge size. 
             Example 12—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 9-11, wherein the control circuit is configured to delay an activation of the motor a predetermined time period based on the staple cartridge size. 
             Example 13—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 8-12, wherein the control circuit is configured to receive input from a user and adjust the at least one parameter of operation of the motor based on the user input and the end effector information. 
             Example 14—The surgical instrument of Example 13, wherein the input from the user comprises a user-selected form height. 
             Example 15—A surgical instrument comprising an end effector, a shaft, and a housing. The end effector comprises a stapling head assembly, an anvil movable a closure distance relative to the stapling head assembly to transition the end effector from an open configuration to a closed configuration, and a first RFID tag configured to store end effector information. Tissue is grasped between the anvil and the stapling head assembly in the closed configuration. The shaft, comprises a distal portion selectively transitionable with the end effector between a first attached configuration and a first detached configuration, a first RFID scanner near the distal portion, a proximal portion, and a second RFID tag configured to store shaft information. The first RFID scanner is configured to detect the first RFID tag in the first attached configuration. The housing is selectively transitionable with the proximal portion of the shaft between a second attached configuration and a second detached configuration. The housing comprises a second RFID scanner configured to detect the second RFID tag in the second attached configuration, a motor configured to generate a closure motion to cause the anvil to move the closure distance, and a control circuit. The control circuit is configured to receive input from the first RFID scanner indicative of the end effector information, receive input from the second RFID scanner indicative of the shaft information, and adjust at least one parameter of operation of the motor based on the end effector information and the shaft information. 
             Example 16—The surgical instrument of Example 15, wherein the end effector information is indicative of a staple cartridge size. The shaft information is indicative of a shaft profile. 
             Example 17—The surgical instrument of Example 16, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine a final minimum threshold of the closure distance based on the staple cartridge size and the shaft profile. 
             Example 18—The surgical instrument of Example 17, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine the final minimum threshold of the closure distance by adjusting a default minimum threshold of the closure distance by a first adjustment value based on the staple cartridge size and a second adjustment value based on the shaft profile. 
             Example 19—The surgical instrument of Example 15, wherein the control circuit is configured to adjust a user-selectable closure-distance range of the anvil based on the end effector information and the shaft information. 
           
         
       
    
     Example Set 3 
     
         
         
           
             Example 1—A surgical instrument comprising a housing assembly including a battery interface configured to releasably retain a battery, a radio-frequency identification scanner positioned at the battery interface, and a control circuit. The radio-frequency identification scanner is configured to receive information from the battery. The control circuit is configured to determine a compatibility of the battery with the surgical instrument based on the information received from the battery. 
             Example 2—The surgical instrument of Example 1, wherein the housing assembly is configured to receive the battery in an assembled configuration. 
             Example 3—The surgical instrument of Example 2, wherein the radio-frequency identification scanner is further configured to receive the information from a radio-frequency identification tag of the battery in the assembled configuration. 
             Example 4—The surgical instrument of Example 2, further comprising the battery. The battery comprises a radio-frequency identification tag in a detection range of the radio-frequency identification scanner in the assembled configuration. 
             Example 5—The surgical instrument of Example 4, wherein the radio-frequency identification tag stores at least one of the following: a battery identification number, a manufacturer of the battery, a chemistry of the battery, whether the battery is rechargeable, a capacity of the battery, a nominal voltage of the battery, a current draw characteristic of the battery, and an output characteristic of the battery. 
             Example 6—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 1-5, wherein the control circuit comprises a processor electrically connected to the radio-frequency identification scanner and a memory electrically connected to the processor. 
             Example 7—The surgical instrument of Example 6, wherein the memory stores at least one of the following: a compatibility database and a lookup table. 
             Example 8—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 1-7, further comprising an electric motor positioned within the housing assembly. The control circuit is further configured to electronically lockout operation of the electric motor. 
             Example 9—A surgical instrument comprising a housing assembly including a battery interface, a radio-frequency identification tag positioned at the battery interface, an electric motor positioned within the housing assembly, a battery electrically couplable to the electric motor, and a control circuit. The battery comprises a radio-frequency identification scanner. The radio-frequency identification scanner is configured to receive information from the radio-frequency identification tag of the surgical instrument in an assembled configuration with the housing assembly. The control circuit is configured to determine a compatibility of the surgical instrument with the battery based on the information received from the radio-frequency identification tag. 
             Example 10—The surgical instrument of Example 9, wherein the radio-frequency identification tag stores at least one of the following: a surgical instrument identification number, a manufacturer of the surgical instrument, a type of the surgical instrument, a type of the electric motor, a performance capability of the surgical instrument, and a control algorithm residing at the surgical instrument. 
             Example 11—The surgical instrument of Examples 9 or 10, wherein the control circuit comprises a processor electrically connected to the radio-frequency identification scanner and a memory electrically connected to the processor. 
             Example 12—The surgical instrument of Example 11, wherein the memory stores at least one of the following: a compatibility database and a lookup table. 
             Example 13—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 9-12, wherein the surgical instrument further comprises a second radio-frequency identification tag positioned within the battery a second radio-frequency identification scanner positioned at the battery interface, and a second control circuit. The second radio-frequency identification scanner is configured to receive information from the second radio-frequency identification tag in the assembled configuration. The second control circuit configured to determine a compatibility of the battery with the surgical instrument based on the information received from the second radio-frequency identification tag. 
             Example 14—A surgical instrument comprising a housing assembly, a radio-frequency identification scanner positioned within the housing assembly, and a control circuit. The housing assembly is configured to receive a first battery and a second battery after the first battery has been removed from the housing assembly. Output characteristics of the second battery are different from output characteristics of the first battery. The control circuit is configured to adjust operation of the surgical instrument to cause the second battery to mimic the output characteristics of the first battery. 
             Example 15—The surgical instrument of Example 14, wherein at least one of the output characteristics of the first battery comprises a voltage of the first battery. 
             Example 16—The surgical instrument of Examples 14 or 15, wherein at least one of the output characteristics of the first battery comprises a current drawn from the first battery. 
             Example 17—The surgical instrument of at least one of Examples 14-16, wherein at least one of the output characteristics of the first battery comprises an output capacity of the first battery. 
             Example 18—The surgical instrument of at least one of Examples 14-17, wherein at least one of the output characteristics of the first battery comprises power provided by the first battery. 
             Example 19—The surgical instrument of at least one of Examples 14-18, wherein the radio-frequency identification scanner is configured to receive first information from the first battery and second information from the second battery. 
             Example 20—The surgical instrument of at least one of Examples 14-19, wherein the control circuit comprises a processor electrically connected to the radio-frequency identification scanner and a memory electrically connected to the processor. 
           
         
       
    
     Example Set 4 
     
         
         
           
             Example 1—A surgical instrument comprising an end effector operable to treat tissue, a shaft extending proximally from the end effector, and a housing assembly extending proximally from the shaft. The housing assembly comprises a radio-frequency identification (RFID) scanner and a motor-assembly compartment comprising a motor assembly interchangeably retained by the motor-assembly compartment in an assembled configuration. The motor assembly is movable relative to the motor-assembly compartment between the assembled configuration and an unassembled configuration. The motor assembly comprises a motor configured to drive the end effector to treat the tissue and an RFID tag detectable by the RFID scanner in the assembled configuration. The RFID tag stores motor-assembly information. 
             Example 2—The surgical instrument of Example 1, further comprising a control circuit configured to receive an input from the RFID scanner in the assembled configuration, the input being indicative of the motor-assembly information. 
             Example 3—The surgical instrument of Example 2, wherein the control circuit is further configured to adjust at least one parameter of operation of the motor based on the motor-assembly information. 
             Example 4—The surgical instrument of Examples 2 or 3, wherein the control circuit is further configured to select a control algorithm of the surgical instrument based on the motor-assembly information. 
             Example 5—The surgical instrument of Example 4, wherein the control circuit is further configured to select the control algorithm from control algorithms each associated with a different motor-assembly information. 
             Example 6—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 2-5, wherein the control circuit is further configured to determine a motor setting based on the motor-assembly information. 
             Example 7—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 1-6, wherein the motor assembly comprises a gearbox operably coupled to the motor. 
             Example 8—The surgical instrument of Example 7, wherein the motor-assembly information comprises gearbox information and motor information. 
             Example 9—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 1-8, further comprising a power source coupled to the motor assembly in the assembled configuration. 
             Example 10—The surgical instrument of Example 9, wherein the power source is configured to generate a power output to cause the motor to drive the end effector to treat the tissue. 
             Example 11—The surgical instrument of Example 10, wherein the control circuit is further configured to determine a value of the power output based on the motor-assembly information. 
             Example 12—A surgical instrument comprising an end effector operable to treat tissue, a shaft extending proximally from the end effector, and a housing assembly extending proximally from the shaft. The housing assembly comprising a radio-frequency identification (RFID) scanner and a motor-assembly compartment comprising a motor assembly interchangeably retained by the motor-assembly compartment in an assembled configuration. The motor assembly is movable relative to the motor-assembly compartment between the assembled configuration and an unassembled configuration. The motor assembly comprises a motor configured to drive the end effector to treat the tissue and an RFID tag positioned at or within a detection range of the RFID scanner in the assembled configuration. The RFID tag stores motor-assembly information. 
             Example 13—The surgical instrument of Example 12, further comprising a control circuit configured to receive an input from the RFID scanner in the assembled configuration, the input being indicative of the motor-assembly information. 
             Example 14—The surgical instrument of Example 13, wherein the control circuit is further configured to adjust at least one parameter of operation of the motor based on the motor-assembly information. 
             Example 15—The surgical instrument of Examples 13 or 14, wherein the control circuit is further configured to select a control algorithm of the surgical instrument based on the motor-assembly information. 
             Example 16—The surgical instrument of Example 15, wherein the control circuit is further configured to select the control algorithm from control algorithms each associated with a different motor-assembly information. 
             Example 17—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 13-16, wherein the control circuit is further configured to determine a motor setting based on the motor-assembly information. 
           
         
       
    
     Example Set 5 
     
         
         
           
             Example 1—A surgical instrument comprising a housing assembly, a shaft assembly coupled to the housing assembly, at least one radio-frequency identification scanner configured to receive information from radio-frequency identification tags which correspond to components which are couplable to the surgical instrument, and a control circuit. The control circuit is configured to determine, for each component, authenticity of the component based on the information received from the radio-frequency identification tags. 
             Example 2—The surgical instrument of Example 1, wherein the information comprises a first identification information of a first component of the components and a second identification information of a second component of the components. The at least one radio-frequency identification scanner is configured to receive a third identification information from a radio-frequency identification tag of a packaging of the first component, and wherein the third identification information is encrypted. 
             Example 3—The surgical instrument of Example 2, wherein the control circuit is configured to decrypt the third identification information and determine authenticity of the first component and the second component by comparing the first identification information and the second identification information to the decrypted third identification information. 
             Example 4—The surgical instrument of Examples 3 or 4, wherein the control circuit employs a private key to decrypt the third identification information. 
             Example 5—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 1-4, wherein the components comprise a battery, an anvil, and a staple cartridge. 
             Example 6—The surgical instrument of Example 5, wherein the housing assembly is configured to receive the battery. 
             Example 7—The surgical instrument of Examples 5 or 6, wherein the surgical instrument is configured to receive the staple cartridge. 
             Example 8—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 1-7, wherein the control circuit comprises a processor electrically connected to the at least one radio-frequency identification scanner and a memory electrically connected to the processor. 
             Example 9—The surgical instrument of Example 8, wherein the memory stores at least one of the following: an authentication database, a compatibility database, and a lookup table. 
             Example 10—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 1-9, wherein the control circuit is further configured to electronically lockout operation of the surgical instrument based on a determination of a lack of authenticity for any one of the components. 
             Example 11—The surgical instrument of Example 10, wherein the control circuit is further configured to override the lockout of the surgical instrument based on a temporary override token received from a server. 
             Example 12—The surgical instrument of Example 11, wherein the temporary override token is based on at least one of the following: a quick response code associated with any one of the components and a product code associated with any one of the components. 
             Example 13—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 1-12, wherein the control circuit is further configured to determine, for each component, whether the component is compatible with the surgical instrument based on the information received from the radio-frequency identification tags. 
             Example 14—The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 1-13, wherein the control circuit is further configured to determine whether one of the components is compatible with another one of the components based on the information received from the radio-frequency identification tags. 
             Example 15—The surgical instrument of Example 1, wherein the control circuit is further configured to override a lockout of the surgical instrument based on a temporary override token received from a server. 
             Example 16—A surgical assembly comprising a surgical instrument comprising a first identification information, a battery pack couplable to the surgical instrument, and a control circuit. The battery pack is configured to transmit energy to the surgical instrument in an assembled configuration with the surgical instrument. The battery pack comprises a battery RFID tag storing a second identification information. The control circuit is configured to receive input indicative of an encrypted third identification information stored in an RFID tag of a packaging of the surgical instrument, decrypt the third identification information, and determine authenticity of the surgical instrument and the battery pack by comparing the first identification information and the second identification information to the decrypted third identification information. 
             Example 17—The surgical assembly of Example 16, wherein the control circuit is further configured to determine compatibility of the battery pack with the surgical instrument based on the first identification information and the second identification information. 
             Example 18—The surgical assembly of Examples 16 or 17, wherein the control circuit comprises a processor and a memory electrically connected to the processor. The memory stores at least one of the following: a compatibility database and a lookup table. 
             Example 19—A surgical assembly comprising a surgical instrument component and a surgical instrument. The surgical instrument component comprises an RFID tag storing a first identification information of the surgical instrument component. The surgical instrument component is releasably couplable to the surgical instrument between an assembled configuration and an unassembled configuration. The surgical instrument comprises an RFID scanner configured to read the first identification information and a control circuit coupled to the RFID scanner. The control circuit is configured to detect incompatibility of the surgical instrument component with the surgical instrument based on the first identification information, retrieve a second identification information of the surgical instrument component, retrieve a temporary override token based on the second identification information, and employ the temporary override token to bypass the incompatibility detection. 
             Example 20—The surgical assembly of Example 19, wherein the second identification information is a serial number of the surgical instrument component. 
             Example 21—The surgical assembly of Examples 19 or 20, wherein a QR code comprises the second identification information. 
           
         
       
    
     While several forms have been illustrated and described, it is not the intention of the applicant to restrict or limit the scope of the appended claims to such detail. Numerous modifications, variations, changes, substitutions, combinations, and equivalents to those forms may be implemented and will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, the structure of each element associated with the described forms can be alternatively described as a means for providing the function performed by the element. Also, where materials are disclosed for certain components, other materials may be used. It is therefore to be understood that the foregoing description and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, combinations, and variations as falling within the scope of the disclosed forms. The appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, variations, changes, substitutions, modifications, and equivalents. 
     The foregoing detailed description has set forth various forms of the devices and/or processes via the use of block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples. Insofar as such block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples contain one or more functions and/or operations, it will be understood by those within the art that each function and/or operation within such block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples can be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. Those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the forms disclosed herein, in whole or in part, can be equivalently implemented in integrated circuits, as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), as firmware, or as virtually any combination thereof, and that designing the circuitry and/or writing the code for the software and or firmware would be well within the skill of one of skill in the art in light of this disclosure. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein are capable of being distributed as one or more program products in a variety of forms, and that an illustrative form of the subject matter described herein applies regardless of the particular type of signal bearing medium used to actually carry out the distribution. 
     Instructions used to program logic to perform various disclosed aspects can be stored within a memory in the system, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), cache, flash memory, or other storage. Furthermore, the instructions can be distributed via a network or by way of other computer readable media. Thus a machine-readable medium may include any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer), but is not limited to, floppy diskettes, optical disks, compact disc, read-only memory (CD-ROMs), and magneto-optical disks, read-only memory (ROMs), random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic or optical cards, flash memory, or a tangible, machine-readable storage used in the transmission of information over the Internet via electrical, optical, acoustical or other forms of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.). Accordingly, the non-transitory computer-readable medium includes any type of tangible machine-readable medium suitable for storing or transmitting electronic instructions or information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). 
     As used in any aspect herein, the term “control circuit” may refer to, for example, hardwired circuitry, programmable circuitry (e.g., a computer processor comprising one or more individual instruction processing cores, processing unit, processor, microcontroller, microcontroller unit, controller, digital signal processor (DSP), programmable logic device (PLD), programmable logic array (PLA), or field programmable gate array (FPGA)), state machine circuitry, firmware that stores instructions executed by programmable circuitry, and any combination thereof. The control circuit may, collectively or individually, be embodied as circuitry that forms part of a larger system, for example, an integrated circuit (IC), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a system on-chip (SoC), desktop computers, laptop computers, tablet computers, servers, smart phones, etc. Accordingly, as used herein “control circuit” includes, but is not limited to, electrical circuitry having at least one discrete electrical circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one integrated circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one application specific integrated circuit, electrical circuitry forming a general purpose computing device configured by a computer program (e.g., a general purpose computer configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein, or a microprocessor configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein), electrical circuitry forming a memory device (e.g., forms of random access memory), and/or electrical circuitry forming a communications device (e.g., a modem, communications switch, or optical-electrical equipment). Those having skill in the art will recognize that the subject matter described herein may be implemented in an analog or digital fashion or some combination thereof. 
     As used in any aspect herein, the term “logic” may refer to an app, software, firmware and/or circuitry configured to perform any of the aforementioned operations. Software may be embodied as a software package, code, instructions, instruction sets and/or data recorded on non-transitory computer readable storage medium. Firmware may be embodied as code, instructions or instruction sets and/or data that are hard-coded (e.g., nonvolatile) in memory devices. 
     As used in any aspect herein, the terms “component,” “system,” “module” and the like can refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. 
     As used in any aspect herein, an “algorithm” refers to a self-consistent sequence of steps leading to a desired result, where a “step” refers to a manipulation of physical quantities and/or logic states which may, though need not necessarily, take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It is common usage to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like. These and similar terms may be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities and/or states. 
     A network may include a packet switched network. The communication devices may be capable of communicating with each other using a selected packet switched network communications protocol. One example communications protocol may include an Ethernet communications protocol which may be capable permitting communication using a Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). The Ethernet protocol may comply or be compatible with the Ethernet standard published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) titled “IEEE 802.3 Standard”, published in December, 2008 and/or later versions of this standard. Alternatively or additionally, the communication devices may be capable of communicating with each other using an X.25 communications protocol. The X.25 communications protocol may comply or be compatible with a standard promulgated by the International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T). Alternatively or additionally, the communication devices may be capable of communicating with each other using a frame relay communications protocol. The frame relay communications protocol may comply or be compatible with a standard promulgated by Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone (CCITT) and/or the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Alternatively or additionally, the transceivers may be capable of communicating with each other using an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) communications protocol. The ATM communications protocol may comply or be compatible with an ATM standard published by the ATM Forum titled “ATM-MPLS Network Interworking 2.0” published August 2001, and/or later versions of this standard. Of course, different and/or after-developed connection-oriented network communication protocols are equally contemplated herein. 
     In various aspects, a microcontroller of control circuit in accordance with the present disclosure may be any single-core or multicore processor such as those known under the trade name ARM Cortex by Texas Instruments. In one aspect, the main microcontroller  461  may be an LM4F230H5QR ARM Cortex-M4F Processor Core, available from Texas Instruments, for example, comprising an on-chip memory of 256 KB single-cycle flash memory, or other nonvolatile memory, up to 40 MHz, a prefetch buffer to improve performance above 40 MHz, a 32 KB single-cycle SRAM, and internal ROM loaded with StellarisWare® software, a 2 KB EEPROM, one or more PWM modules, one or more QEI analogs, and/or one or more 12-bit ADCs with 12 analog input channels, details of which are available for the product datasheet. 
     Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the foregoing disclosure, it is appreciated that, throughout the foregoing disclosure, discussions using terms such as “processing,” “computing,” “calculating,” “determining,” “displaying,” or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system&#39;s registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices. 
     One or more components may be referred to herein as “configured to,” “configurable to,” “operable/operative to,” “adapted/adaptable,” “able to,” “conformable/conformed to,” etc. Those skilled in the art will recognize that “configured to” can generally encompass active-state components and/or inactive-state components and/or standby-state components, unless context requires otherwise. 
     The terms “proximal” and “distal” are used herein with reference to a clinician manipulating the housing portion of the surgical instrument. The term “proximal” refers to the portion closest to the clinician and the term “distal” refers to the portion located away from the clinician. It will be further appreciated that, for convenience and clarity, spatial terms such as “vertical”, “horizontal”, “up”, and “down” may be used herein with respect to the drawings. However, surgical instruments are used in many orientations and positions, and these terms are not intended to be limiting and/or absolute. 
     Those skilled in the art will recognize that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,” etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to claims containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should typically be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. 
     In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that typically a disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms unless context dictates otherwise. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be typically understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.” 
     With respect to the appended claims, those skilled in the art will appreciate that recited operations therein may generally be performed in any order. Also, although various operational flow diagrams are presented in a sequence(s), it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in other orders than those which are illustrated, or may be performed concurrently. Examples of such alternate orderings may include overlapping, interleaved, interrupted, reordered, incremental, preparatory, supplemental, simultaneous, reverse, or other variant orderings, unless context dictates otherwise. Furthermore, terms like “responsive to,” “related to,” or other past-tense adjectives are generally not intended to exclude such variants, unless context dictates otherwise. 
     It is worthy to note that any reference to “one aspect,” “an aspect,” “an exemplification,” “one exemplification,” and the like means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the aspect is included in at least one aspect. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in one aspect,” “in an aspect,” “in an exemplification,” and “in one exemplification” in various places throughout the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same aspect. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more aspects. 
     Any patent application, patent, non-patent publication, or other disclosure material referred to in this specification and/or listed in any Application Data Sheet is incorporated by reference herein, to the extent that the incorporated materials is not inconsistent herewith. As such, and to the extent necessary, the disclosure as explicitly set forth herein supersedes any conflicting material incorporated herein by reference. Any material, or portion thereof, that is said to be incorporated by reference herein, but which conflicts with existing definitions, statements, or other disclosure material set forth herein will only be incorporated to the extent that no conflict arises between that incorporated material and the existing disclosure material. 
     In summary, numerous benefits have been described which result from employing the concepts described herein. The foregoing description of the one or more forms has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or limiting to the precise form disclosed. Modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The one or more forms were chosen and described in order to illustrate principles and practical application to thereby enable one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the various forms and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the claims submitted herewith define the overall scope.