Patent Publication Number: US-2006004778-A1

Title: System, method and article of manufacture for a common cross platform framework for development of DVD-video content integrated with ROM content

Description:
This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/898,479 for “SYSTEM, METHOD AND ARTICLE OF MANUFACTURE FOR A. COMMON CROSS PLATFORM FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPMENT OF DVD-VIDEO CONTENT INTEGRATED WITH ROM CONTENT” filed Jul. 2, 2001, which is a non-provisional claiming priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/216,822 for “SYSTEM, METHOD AND ARTICLE OF MANUFACTURE FOR A COMMON CROSS PLATFORM FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPMENT OF DVD-VIDEO CONTENT INTEGRATED WITH ROM CONTENT” filed Jul. 7, 2000, all of which are incorporated herein by reference as if set for in their entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
      The present invention relates to enhancement of multimedia content and more particularly to a system, method and apparatus for enhancing multimedia content with supplemental content.  
      Multimedia computer systems have become increasingly popular over the last several years due to their versatility and their interactive presentation style. A multimedia computer system can be defined as a computer system having a combination of video and audio outputs for presentation of audio-visual displays. A modern multimedia computer system typically includes one or more storage devices such as an optical drive, a CD-ROM, DVD (DVD-Video or DVD Audio etc), Laser Disc, Video Disc or Audio Disc, or a hard drive. Audio and video data are typically stored on one or more of these mass storage devices. In some file formats the audio and video are interleaved together in a single file, while in other formats the audio and video data are stored in different files, many times on different storage media. Audio and video data for a multimedia display may also be stored in separate computer systems that are networked together. In this instance, the computer system presenting the multimedia display would receive a portion of the necessary data from the other computer system via the network-cabling.  
      Multimedia computer systems have become increasingly popular over the last several years due to their versatility and their interactive presentation style. A multimedia computer system can be defined as a computer system having a combination of video and audio outputs for presentation of audio-visual displays. A modern multimedia computer system typically includes one or more storage devices such as an optical drive, a CD-ROM, a hard drive, a videodisc, or an audio disc, and audio and video data are typically stored on one or more of these mass storage devices. In some file formats the audio and video are interleaved together in a single file, while in other formats the audio and video data are stored in different files, many times on different storage media. Audio and video data for a multimedia display may also be stored in separate computer systems that are networked together. In this instance, the computer system presenting the multimedia display would receive a portion of the necessary data from the other computer system via the network cabling.  
      Graphic images used in Windows multimedia applications can be created in either of two ways, these being bit-mapped images and vector-based images. Bit-mapped images comprise a plurality of picture elements (pixels) and are created by assigning a color to each pixel inside the image boundary. Most bit-mapped color images require one byte per pixel for storage, so large bit-mapped images create correspondingly large files. For example, a full-screen, 256-color image in 640-by-480-pixel VGA mode requires 307,200 bytes of storage, if the data is not compressed. Vector-based images are created by defining the end points (corners), thickness, color, pattern and curvature of lines and solid objects within an image. Thus, a vector-based image includes a definition that consists of a numerical representation of the coordinates of the object, referenced to a corner of the image.  
      Bit-mapped images are the most prevalent type of image storage format, and the most common bit-mapped-image file formats are as follows. A file format referred to as BMP is used for Windows bit-map files in 1-, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 24-bit color depths. BMP files contain a bit-map header that defines the size of the image, the number of color planes, the type of compression used (if any), and the palette used. The Windows DIB (device-independent bit-map) format is a variant of the BMP format that includes a color table defining the RGB (red green blue) values of the colors used. Other types of bit-map formats include the TIF (tagged image format file), the PCX (Zsoft Personal Computer Paintbrush Bitmap) file format, the GIF (graphics interchange file) format, and the TGA (Texas Instruments Graphic Architecture) file format.  
      The standard Windows format for bit-mapped images is a 256-color device-independent bit map (DIB) with a BMP (the Windows bit-mapped file format) or sometimes a DIB extension. The standard Windows format for vector-based images is referred to as WMF (Windows meta file).  
      Full-motion video implies that video images shown on the computer&#39;s screen simulate those of a television set with identical (30 frames-per-second) frame rates, and that these images are accompanied by high-quality stereo sound. A large amount of storage is required for high-resolution color images, not to mention a full-motion video sequence. For example, a single frame of NTSC video at 640-by-400-pixel resolution with 16-bit color requires 512K of data per frame. At 30 flames per second, over 15 Megabytes of data storage are required for each second of full motion video. Due to the large amount of storage required for full motion video, various types of video compression algorithms are used to reduce the amount of necessary storage. Video compression can be performed either in real-time, i.e., on the fly during video capture, or on the stored video file after the video data has been captured and stored on the media. In addition, different video compression methods exist for still graphic images and for full-motion video.  
      Examples of video data compression for still graphic images are RLE (run-length encoding) and JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) compression. RLE is the standard compression method for Windows BMP and DIB files. The RLE compression method operates by testing for duplicated pixels in a single line of the bit map and stores the number of consecutive duplicate pixels rather than the data for the pixel itself. JPEG compression is a group of related standards that provide either lossless (no image quality degradation) or lossy (imperceptible to severe degradation) compression types. Although JPEG compression was designed for the compression of still images rather than video, several manufacturers supply JPEG compression adapter cards for motion video applications.  
      In contrast to compression algorithms for still images, most video compression algorithms are designed to compress full motion video. Video compression algorithms for motion video generally use a concept referred to as interframe compression, which involves storing only the differences between successive frames in the data file. Interframe compression begins by digitizing the entire image of a key frame. Successive frames are compared with the key frame, and only the differences between the digitized data from the key frame and from the successive frames are stored. Periodically, such as when new scenes are displayed, new key frames are digitized and stored, and subsequent comparisons begin from this new reference point. It is noted that interframe compression ratios are content-dependent, i.e., if the video clip being compressed includes many abrupt scene transitions from one image to another, the compression is less efficient. Examples of video compression which use an interframe compression technique are MPEG, DVI and Indeo, among others.  
      MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group) compression is a set of methods for compression and decompression of full motion video images that uses the interframe compression technique described above. The MPEG standard requires that sound be recorded simultaneously with the video data, and the video and audio data are interleaved in a single file to attempt to maintain the video and audio synchronized during playback. The audio data is typically compressed as well, and the MPEG standard specifies an audio compression method referred to as ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation) for audio data.  
      A standard referred to as Digital Video Interactive (DVI) format developed by Intel Corporation is a compression and storage format for full-motion video and high-fidelity audio data. The DVI standard uses interframe compression techniques similar to that of the MPEG standard and uses ADPCM compression for audio data. The compression method used in DVI is referred to as RTV 2.0 (real time video), and this compression method is incorporated into Intel&#39;s AVK (audio/video kernel) software for its DVI product line. IBM has adopted DVI as the standard for displaying video for its Ultimedia product line. The DVI file format is based on the Intel i750 chipset and is supported through the Media Control Interface (MCI) for Windows. Microsoft and Intel jointly announced the creation of the DV MCI (digital video media control interface) command set for Windows 3.1 in 1992.  
      The Microsoft Audio Video Interleaved (AVI) format is a special compressed file structure format designed to enable video images and synchronized sound stored on CD-ROMs to be played on PCs with standard VGA displays and audio adapter cards. The AVI compression method uses an interframe method, i.e., the differences between successive frames are stored in a manner similar to the compression methods used in DVI and MPEG. The AVI format uses symmetrical software compression-decompression techniques, i.e., both compression and decompression are performed in real time. Thus AVI files can be created by recording video images and sound in AVI format from a VCR or television broadcast in real time, if enough free hard disk space is available.  
      As discussed above, such audio and video content is often stored on media such as CD-ROM or digital video disc (DVD). However, once a vendor has delivered such content to a customer, the vendor loses any practical control over the product. Even if the product is delivered under license rather than out right sale, it has traditionally been difficult to prevent a customer from copying the content or providing the content to any number of friends so that they might illegally copy the content.  
      The now familiar compact disk preserves information as a series of microscopic pits and smooth areas, oriented in concentric circular or helical tracks, on the otherwise smooth, planar surface of an annular disk. Recorded information is read from a compact disk by directing a focused laser beam along the recorded tracks, and detecting variations in the intensity of the laser beam along the recorded tracks, and detecting variations in the intensity of the laser beam as it encounters the microscopic pits and smooth areas on the disk. The coherence and relatively short wavelength of laser radiation enables large volumes of information to be written onto very small spaces of a recording medium.  
      Compact disks were first introduced in the music recording industry in 1982, and now account for 43% of all recorded music sales. In the United States alone, over three hundred million compact disks are sold annually, with a retail value of over three billion dollars, according to the Recording Industry Association of America. The most prevalent format for recording multimedia events onto such disks is Digital Video or Versatile Disk (DVD). The DVD is a read only format for recording a relatively large amount of high quality data. When delivered to a user, the disk is input into a CD-ROM player on a client device such as a computer. Software on the client device allows the DVD formatted data to be read.  
      Once the DVD disk has been manufactured the content is essentially fixed. The content that the user can access from the disk is limited to the content provided when the disk was manufactured. In order to update the information, a new disk must be created and delivered to the user. This is an expensive and inconvenient solution.  
      Thus there remains a need for a system for easily and efficiently updating content provided on a DVD-disk. Such a system would preferably allow update information to be delivered via a network such as the Internet. In addition, such a system would take advantage of software capabilities already present on the client device, and would importantly be able to function on the many different possible platforms of client devices, such as for example Macintosh, PC or a set top box.  
      Disc technologies that are re-writeable like a CD-RW or technologies that allow multiple sessions can be used for adding additional or updated content directly to the disc. Thus for multi-session discs, where the first session of the disc is write-once and additional sessions on the disc can be either write-one, or rewriteable, additional or updated content can be added to these additional sessions of the disc. This includes such technologies as the “Orange Book” specification for CD-ROM, including CD-PROM and Multimedia discs such a Dataplay.  
      Flash memory based and other similar memory technologies can be used for storing multimedia and additional or updated content as well. This includes IBM technology that uses a USB interface to coupled a personal computer to a storage device such as a “keychain” memory device.  
      The present invention advantageously addresses the above and other needs.  
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
      The present invention advantageously addresses the needs above as well as other needs by providing the enhancement of multimedia content and more particularly to providing a system, method and apparatus for enhancing multimedia content with supplemental content.  
      In one embodiment, the invention can be characterized as a method for providing enhanced content for play across multiple play platforms. The method employs steps of delivering media content to a client device; delivering HTML content to a client device, the HTML content being accessible and usable by a plurality of client device platforms; activating a browser to access the HTML content, the browser being located on and compatible for use with the client device; activating firmware on the client device to access the media content; and incorporating the accessed HTML content with the accessed media content.  
      In another embodiment, the invention can be characterized as a method for enhancing multimedia content. The method employs steps of providing a recording medium; recording content onto the recording medium; integrating HTML content with the recorded content; accessing the recorded content and the HTML content; and playing a multimedia event based on the accessed content. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
      The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the following more particular description thereof, presented in conjunction with the following drawings wherein:  
       FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of a hardware implementation of one embodiment of the present invention;  
       FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of a system for enhancing a DVD multimedia experience;  
       FIG. 2A  is a flow chart illustrating steps traversed upon insertion of a DVD disk (or other media) into a device, such as a DVD player;  
       FIG. 3  is a flowchart illustrating logic for incorporating update information to supplement a DVD multimedia play experience;  
       FIG. 4  is graphical representation of data layouts for bitmap layers;  
       FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating a method for providing an enhanced multimedia experience; and  
       FIG. 6  is a flowchart illustrating a method for enhancing DVD content with ROM content. 
    
    
      Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding components throughout the several views of the drawings.  
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
      The following description of the presently contemplated best mode of practicing the invention is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merely for the purpose of describing the general principles of the invention. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the claims.  
       FIG. 1  illustrates a system for providing enhanced DVD content for play across multiple user platforms. Both DVD-Video content and HTML content are recorded on DVD discs and provided to a user. The HTML content includes various directories that allow it to be accessed by multiple platforms of user devices. Once inserted into a user device, browser software on the user device accesses the HTML content and supplies supplemental update information to enhance the play experience provided by the DVD-Video content. The supplemental update information can be either retrieved via a network such as the Internet or can be provided directly from the HTML data itself stored on the DVD disc.  
      In various embodiments, the client devices may take the form of computers, televisions, stereos, home appliances, or any other types of devices. In one embodiment, the client apparatuses and the host computer each include a computer such as an IBM compatible computer, Apple Macintosh computer or UNIX based workstation.  
      A representative hardware environment is depicted in  FIG. 1 , which illustrates a typical hardware configuration of a workstation in accordance with a preferred embodiment having a central processing unit  110 , such as a microprocessor, and a number of other units interconnected via a system bus  112 . The workstation shown in  FIG. 1  includes a Random Access Memory (RAM)  114 , Read Only Memory (ROM)  116 , an I/O adapter  118  for connecting peripheral devices such as disk storage units  120  (i.e. DVD playback device) to the bus  112 , a user interface adapter  122  for connecting a keyboard  124 , a mouse  126 , a speaker  128 , a microphone  132 , and/or other user interface devices such as a touch screen (not shown) to the bus  112 , communication adapter  134  for connecting the workstation to a communication network (e.g., a data processing network) and a display adapter  136  for connecting the bus  112  to a display device  138 . The workstation typically has resident thereon an operating system such as the Microsoft Windows NT/2000 or Windows 95/98/ME Operating System (OS), the IBM OS/2 operating system, the MAC OS, or UNIX operating system. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may also be implemented on platforms and operating systems other than those mentioned.  
      A preferred embodiment is written using JAVA, C, HTML and the C++ language and utilizes object oriented programming methodology. Object oriented programming (OOP) has become increasingly used to develop complex applications. As OOP moves toward the mainstream of software design and development, various software solutions require adaptation to make use of the benefits of OOP. A need exists for these principles of OOP to be applied to a messaging interface of an electronic messaging system such that a set of OOP classes and objects for the messaging interface can be provided.  
      A preferred embodiment of the invention utilizes Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) to implement documents on the Internet together with a general-purpose secure communication protocol for a transport medium between the client and the Newco. HTTP or other protocols could be readily substituted for HTML without undue experimentation. Information on these products is available in T. Berners-Lee, D. Connoly, “RFC 1866: Hypertext Markup Language—2.0” (November 1995); and R. Fielding, H, Frystyk, T. Berners-Lee, J. Gettys and J. C. Mogul, “Hypertext Transfer Protocol—HTTP/1.1: HTTP Working Group Internet Draft” (May 2, 1996). HTML is a simple data format used to create hypertext documents that are portable from one platform to another. HTML documents are SGML documents with generic semantics that are appropriate for representing information from a wide range of domains. HTML has been in use by the World-Wide Web global information initiative since 1990. HTML is an application of ISO Standard 8879; 1986 Information Processing Text and Office Systems; Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).  
      To date, Web development tools have been limited in their ability to create dynamic Web applications which span from client to server and interoperate with existing computing resources. Until recently, HTML has been the dominant technology used in development of Web-based solutions. However, HTML has proven to be inadequate in the following areas: 
          Poor performance;     Restricted user interface capabilities;     Can only produce static Web pages;     Lack of interoperability with existing applications and data; and     Inability to scale.        

      Sun Microsystem&#39;s Java language solves many of the client-side problems by: 
          Improving performance on the client side;     Enabling the creation of dynamic, real-time Web applications; and     Providing the ability to create a wide variety of user interface components.        

      With Java, developers can create robust User Interface (UI) components. Custom “widgets” (e.g., real-time stock tickers, animated icons, etc.) can be created, and client-side performance is improved. Unlike HTML, Java supports the notion of client-side validation, offloading appropriate processing onto the client for improved performance. Dynamic, real-time Web pages can be created. Using the above-mentioned custom UI components, dynamic Web pages can also be created.  
      Sun&#39;s Java language has emerged as an industry-recognized language for “programming the Internet.” Sun defines Java as: “a simple, object-oriented, distributed, interpreted, robust, secure, architecture-neutral, portable, high-performance, multithreaded, dynamic, buzzword-compliant, general-purpose programming language. Java supports programming for the Internet in the form of platform-independent Java applets.” Java applets are small, specialized applications that comply with Sun&#39;s Java Application Programming Interface (API) allowing developers to add “interactive content” to Web documents (e.g., simple animations, page adornments, basic games, etc.). Applets execute within a Java-compatible browser (e.g., Netscape Navigator) by copying code from the server to client. From a language standpoint, Java&#39;s core feature set is based on C++. Sun&#39;s Java literature states that Java is basically, “C++ with extensions from Objective C for more dynamic method resolution.” 
      Another technology that provides similar function to JAVA is provided by Microsoft and ActiveX Technologies, to give developers and Web designers wherewithal to build dynamic content for the Internet and personal computers. ActiveX includes tools for developing animation, 3-D virtual reality, video and other multimedia content. The tools use Internet standards, work on multiple platforms, and are being supported by over 100 companies. The group&#39;s building blocks are called ActiveX Controls, small, fast components that enable developers to embed parts of software in hypertext markup language (HTML) pages. ActiveX Controls work with a variety of programming languages including Microsoft Visual C++, Borland Delphi, Microsoft Visual Basic programming system and, in the future, Microsoft&#39;s development tool for Java, code named “Jakarta.” ActiveX Technologies also includes ActiveX Server Framework, allowing developers to create server applications. One of ordinary skill in the art readily recognizes that ActiveX could be substituted for JAVA without undue experimentation to practice the invention.  
      In accordance with one embodiment, a cross-platform DVD specification defined, which is called InterActual Technologies Cross Platform, hereafter referred to by the name ITX. By following the ITX specification, DVD authors can create HTML-enhanced DVD-Video/Audio content that can play reliably across multiple playback platforms, ranging from computers (such as Windows and Macintosh) to Internet-connected set-top devices (such as the Sony Playstation II and Nuon-enhanced consumer DVD players). The general requirements for enhanced DVD authoring and the requirements for the playback devices, both hardware and software are described herein.  
      The ITX enables DVD-Video/Audio (hereafter referred to only as DVD-Video) content developers to create products that seamlessly combine the Internet and/or other DVD-ROM capabilities with DVD-Video to create a richer, more interactive, and personalized entertainment experience for their customers. All this is accomplished without the need for content developers to create special content for each unique playback platform, and without the need of becoming an expert programmer on Windows, Macintosh, and other platforms. Additionally the present invention allows for customized content and functions tailored for specific platform(s).  
      Internet connectivity is not a requirement for the use of ITX. A stand-alone system with HTML browser functionality is all that is required. In addition, CD-DA (standard music CDs) can also be enhanced by use of ITX.  
      The following terms are defined as follows:  
                                                   Term   Description                          BCA   Burst Cutting Area. Area near inner               ring on a DVD disc where custom data               can be imprinted           ATVEF   Advanced Television Enhancement Forum               (spec allows combining HTML and TV               programming)           PIP   Picture in Picture           DVD-Video   A disc authored in accordance with               the DVD-Video specification. Any               place where the term DVD-Video is               used it also applies to DVD-Audio,               unless specifically excluded.           UOP   User Operations (as defined DVD-Video               and DVD-Audio specifications)                      
 
      The following documents are incorporated by reference:  
                                      1.   HTML Cross Platform Authoring Guidelines       2.   ISO-9660       3.   ATVEF Specification (http://www.atvef.com)       4.   DVD-Video (Book 3) and DVD-Audio (Book 4)           specifications                  
 
      The ITX specification provides a common framework whereby content developers, browser providers, and hardware manufacturers can successfully create and playback Internet-enhanced DVD and CD products.  
      This description of the embodiments is divided into three major sections, targeting three different audiences: 
          Content Development Requirements: Addresses issues specific to DVD authors and content creators. The target audience includes DVD authoring facilities, web designers, and graphics and creative production facilities. This section outlines the integration of DVD-Video with Web Pages, Programming Interfacing, and other cross-platform DVD-Video and DVD-ROM authoring considerations.     Browser Requirements: Addresses issues specific to browser implementation. The target audience includes establishments such as: PlanetWeb, Spyglass, Liberate, and VM Labs (with a custom implementation of the Spyglass browser). This section outlines basic browser requirements to support ITX titles and integration of a DVD-Video programming interface.     Platform/Rardware Requirements: Addresses issues specific to DVD-Video hardware platforms. The target audience includes specialized chip manufacturers, consumer DVD-Video player, game system manufacturers (Sony Playstation, Nintendo, Sega), and any others who might incorporate web connectivity into DVD player products. This section outlines display requirements, browser interfaces, and other hardware-specific requirements.        

      With reference to  FIG. 2 , in an embodiment, a system  200  is provided for enhancing an internet play experience. ROM/HTIM content  202  is recorded onto a DVD disc  204 . Additionally DVD-Video content  206  is also recorded onto the DVD disc. The disc  104  is inserted into a client device  208  that contains Browser/Presentation software  210  thereon. The client device hardware also includes a DVD Firmware/Navigator  212  that reads the DVD-Video content. In addition, the client device  208  includes a Browser/Presentation Engine software  110 , which reads the ROM/HTML Content. The Browser/Presentation Engine can be for example Netscape Navigator or some other engine commonly available on personal computers. After reading the ROM/HTML content, the browser software  110  searches the Internet to find supplemental information related to the DVD content and incorporates the supplemental information into the DVD content  202 ,  206  to create an Internet Enhanced DVD Experience  214 .  
      To better understand the purpose and goals of ITX three possible usage scenarios are described, each with an increasing level of complexity.  
      DVD-Video Disc with Movie Script Provided:  
      A movie is authored with the entire screenplay provided on the DVD disc in HTML format. Clicking on any scene visually represented in the HTML immediately links the user to that scene within the DVD-Video. Besides being a finer granularity than the normal chapter navigation provided on DVD-Video, the HTML-based script could contain other media (pictures, audio) and/or live web links for other information (stored either on the DVD disk, or accessible through the Internet). Further, the text of the screenplay in HTML could automatically “scroll” with the DVD-Video to give the appearance of being synchronized with the DVD-Video. Although many of these types of features (minus live web links and synchronized scrolling) could be authored in DVD-Video, HTML authoring is much more efficient, immediate and widely known.  
      More Complex Menus:  
      A DVD-Video is shipped with a simple HTML page that does little except start a movie. However, the HTML page also uses the Internet and checks to see if that movie has any web site updates. If it does, then the HTML page launches a new movie menu that is downloaded from the web. This new menu might have e-commerce opportunities (buy gifts based on the movie; buy tickets for the sequel to the DVD, etc.). Because the new movie menu is not on the DVD-Video, but rather is on a server accessible via the internet, the window of time during which the choices on the new movie menu is available can be decided by the studio long after the DVD-Video has shipped. The new movie menu may have new links to an actor&#39;s web site, which can be particularly advantageous if, for example, the actor has become a star since the movie was made, and therefore wasn&#39;t given star treatment in the original DVD-Video. The new movie menu may just be a more convenient way to navigate the disc to a finer granularity than the chapters provided. Advantageously, in accordance with the present embodiment, the DVD can have new movie menus stored on a server accessible through the internet, and that can be changed over time. If the DVD-Video is played without ITX, the DVD-Video operates in a conventional manner.  
      Live Webcast with the Director or Stars in Live Chat:  
      A DVD-Video movie is shipped with an HTML page that links the user to an ITX web site. This site (and studio advertising) notifies the user of the date/time of a “live chat” with, for example, the movie&#39;s director, who will discuss the making of the movie. Near the event starting time, the user connects to the web site with the DVD-Video in his/her DVD player. At the start time, the director begins sending voice (such as streaming audio, e.g., Real Audio) over the Internet. The director controls the DVD player of the user, as well as other DVD players, by sending play, pause, fast-forward, and rewind commands, etc. (Latecorners are automatically synchronized). User (if they have, for example, a browser with a keyboard) can enter questions. The director can choose which questions to answer and control every DVD player to an appropriate scene in the movie and discuss the scene. Through the use of bitmap overlay layers and drawing tools, the director can pause the video and draw on the screen (like a football play) to better explain the details involved in creating a certain scene, for example. As the director moves from one question to another the video can use transitions and special effects to make the presentation more professional and entertaining.  
      In order to support the above-described functionality, the present embodiment is as follows. An ITX disk can contain DVD Video and ITX-compatible ROM data, DVD-Audio and ITX-compatible ROM data, CD-Audio and ITX-compatible ROM data, or the like. The ITX compatible ROM data can be any digital file type including HTML and graphics, including for example, HTML graphics, subject to file system limitations described below. There is no theoretical limit to the amount of ITX compatible ROM data that can be placed on a DVD disk, except for physical constraints of the DVD disk (or in an alternative embodiment CD-disk).  
      An ITX-compatible disk adheres to rules regarding capability, detection, file system, directory structure, and content location, each of which is described in further detail herein. As multi-platform support is a goal of the present embodiment, an ITX disk provides for both platform-specific behavior and general-purpose behavior. Platform-specific behavior can be accomplished using the ITX-API described above, by either placing platform-specific binaries on the DVD disk in predefined directories, described herein, or by authoring general purpose HTML content that uses, for example, ECMAScript or JavaScript and the ITX API to detect specific platforms and to “serve” web pages specifically designed for a particular platform, i.e., particular type of device. General purpose content can be created for playback on multiple platforms using HTML content and the ITX API. Both approaches can be combined so that platform-specific behavior can be employed with certain devices, while other devices, such as devices developed after release of the DVD disk, can be supported with general-purpose behavior.  
      For personal computers, such as personal computers operating under Microsoft Windows, ITX content can be viewed through a proprietary browser client per the ITX content viewed through the proprietary browser client can be the same content that is displayed on, for example, a browser-enhanced consumer electronics system, such as a set top box, a game console, or an internet-connected DVD player or the like.  
      The device must provide a capability to determine the type of media that has been inserted into the device. Specifically, the device must be able to determine whether the media is a DVD disk or some form of CD disk. For CD-DA, there may or may not be a file structure formatted on the CD-DA disk, such as described herein and therefore the CD-DA disk table of contents must be read per the “red-book” specification.  
      An ITX-compatible DVD or CD is detected by checking for the existence of a file named index.htm in a directory named common. The ITX-API version information can be found in a mediated area in the index.htm file, which is an HTML file.  
      The index.htm file provides JavaScript that detects the particular type of device into which the DVD disk has been inserted, and the device is “navigator,” and provides general framework for interactive playback. For a disk not authored in accordance with the ITX content, a content homepage is employed, i.e., file named default.htm is employed. The default.htm file may be stored in memory on the device.  
      Content Development Requirements:  
      This section describes the requirements for content developers, DVD authors, and creative houses. This section outlines how DVD-Video can be integrated with ROM content for playback across multiple hardware platforms and multiple browsers. For more information regarding cross-platform HTML development (independent of integration with DVD-Video), refer to the InterActual™ HTML Cross Platform Authoring Guidelines document. This reference document outlines platform/browser detection, use of JavaScript files (.js files) and other HTML authoring techniques.  
      DVD/ROM Authoring Considerations:  
      ITX Directory and File Naming Conventions (Mandatory Compliance)  
      When making an ITX disk, DVD video zone files must be placed physically at the beginning of the ITX disk, contiguously, in the order specified by the DVD-Video specification, likewise, DVD-Audio zone files must follow the DVD-Video files in contiguous order.  
      The DVD specifications for DVD-Video and DVD-Audio require that each disc contain specific directories and files. For example, the DVD-Video files are contained in a directory (or folder) with the name VIDEO_TS; DVD-Audio files in the AUDIO_TS directory. The VIDEO_TS and AUDIO_TS directories should be the first entries in the directory descriptor (the true order of the directory and file entries is usually hidden, since most operating systems list them in, for example, alphabetical order). There is no such requirement for “DVD-ROM” content, and, thus, developers can arrange other files on a disc in any desired manner. It is best to place ROM-zone files in subdirectories versus the root directory. The placement of files on a dual-layered disk (DVD-9, DVD-14, or DVD-18) is generally independent of layer details. DVD-Video and DVD-Audio files must begin on layer zero. ROM-zone files are beginning after the DVD-Video (or DVD-Audio) files and can cross layer boundaries, if needed. In order to prevent problems that can arise from this open aspect of the specifications, ITX provides a convention for ordering and naming files.  
      Files stored for use with ITX can be in any DVD disc directory. However, there must be a method that allows the platform-specific browser and/or playback engine to identify the initial starting HTML file in the case were there is no executable file. Also, in order to simplify support, it is strongly suggested that the full convention described below be followed on all ITX-authored discs.  
      ITX Naming Standard:  
      Each DVD-Video authoring system and tool set supports different naming capabilities; such as ISO-9660, ISO-9660 with Joliet extensions, Macintosh file names, support for Macintosh resources, hybrid discs, etc. Some authoring tools go even further by forcing a certain character case (e.g., the Toshiba authoring system forces all characters to uppercase). These issues must be taken into account as part of the development process since some playback platforms may operate differently depending on the physical layout and file structure on the DVD. As a specific example, Windows and Macintosh operating systems are case insensitive, whereas Unix and Linux operating systems are case sensitive.  
      For ITX compliance, the following naming standard must be followed: 
          UDF 1.02 and ECMA 167 (second edition)     Support for hybrid Windows/Macintosh discs (whereby resource forks for the Macintosh operating system are preserved)        

      All files and directories must be developed with case sensitivity in mind. The recommended approach is to use only capital letters for all directories, file names, and HTML references. To be safe, only use A-Z, 0-9 and the underscore. The initial HTML file shall have a name of ITX.HTM.  
      ITX Directories:  
      The ITX.HTM file must be located in a directory that follows these rules. Other files, based on individual authoring needs may be located in any directory following any convention. There may be more than one ITX.HTM file. For example, there could be a different one for each platform supported, or just one primary one and one alternate for a single platform that requires special operations.  
                                                   Directory name   Platform                          COMMON   All (default)           LINUX   linux operating               system           MAC   Macintosh           NINTENDO   Nintendo Dolphin           SONY   Playstation II and               CE           NUON   VMLabs           WIN   Windows           SEGA   Sega Dreamcast           TOSHIBA   Toshiba           WIN   Windows           ZORAN   Zoran           To be determined   all other ITX               directory names must               be registered to               insure no conflicts.                      
 
     Directory Naming Conventions  
      Note that any new platform directory names should be reserved and assigned before use. However, each platform developer can control the directory structure under its reserved top-level directory name. For example, Sony could create a PS2 and PS3 directory under the SONY directory.  
      This directory structure allows for proprietary executable binary files for each platform. For example, a current PCFriendly DVD (i.e., a DVD in accordance with the present embodiment) can utilize the directory structure by placing the Windows version of software in a WIN directory, and a Macintosh version of software in a MAC directory. Upon insertion of the disc, the platform will initiate execution of the appropriate binaries (based on some platform-specific autorun feature) and then the binaries will load the ITX.HTM file.  
      The set-top player browser shall locate its starting file via the following logic: 
          Check for online updates enabled and online     If OK, then check web for update and use, if found     Else check for its platform-specific directory.     If the platform-specific directory exists and the ITX.HTM file is found, then start;     Else if the COMMON ROM directory exists and the ITX.HTM file is found, then start;     Else the disc is not an ITX disc and it should be played as a DVD-Video disc.        

      The above-described structure allows for device specific executable binary file for each type of device supported by a particular DVD disk. The platform-specific directory structure and its associated set of binaries enable any platform to run executables specifically designed for any device provided that such executables are available on the particular DVD disk being utilized. This capability, in essence, allows the device specific binaries to override general purpose ITX content or override a standard browser mechanism. While the actual ROM content may reside in a device specific directory, it is recommended that all content reside in the common directory when possible. The common directory can support any number of subdirectories, including device specific subdirectories.  
      The common directory stores, in most cases, the actual ITX content (versus platform specific binaries). It is recommended that all ITX content (even platform specific ITX content reside in the common directory as this provides an intuitive content development approach. By maintaining a single content directory, Java Script can easily be used to detect platforms and render appropriate HTML players pages tailored to specific devices.  
      There may be cases where device specific binaries may be included on the DVD disk, but still the general-purpose content. For example, an ITX disk can utilize the directory structure by placing a Windows version of software in the WIN directory, and the Macintosh version of the software in the MAC directory. Upon insertion of the ITX disk, the platform will initiate execution of the appropriate binaries (based on a device specific feature, such as autorun) and then the binaries will load the index.htm file located in the common directory, the starting point for any general-purpose ITX disk.  
      The starting or entry point is the index.htm file, with which resides in the top level of the common directory. It is recommended that all ITX content (with the exception of device-specific binaries) be stored in the common directory. Java Script can then be used to detect platforms and render appropriate HTML pages tailored to specific platforms. The index.htm file will be the background “container” web page while standard playback occurs. This page enables Java Script event handlers to be loaded and activate to handle events during playback. The meta-data of the index.htm file contains the ITX-API version information.  
      Referring to  FIG. 2A , a flow chart is shown of steps traversed upon the coupling of a storage medium with, e.g., insertion of a DVD disk into, a device, e.g., a personal computer, a consumer electronics device, a game console, or the like. Steps traversed upon insertion of the DVD disk into the device are divided into phases as follows. During the first phase, a disk detection algorithm determines if the disk has content in accordance with the present embodiment, i.e., whether the disk is an ITX disk, i.e., whether the disk contains ITX content. This determination is made by examining whether a file named index.htm is located in a “common” directory on the DVD disk.  
      If the index.htm file exists, then the DVD disk is an ITX disk. Otherwise, the DVD disk is determined not to be an ITX disk. During a second phase, a determination is made as to whether the DVD disk is a DVD-Video or a DVD-Audio, or whether a disk of another type has been inserted, such as a CD-DA. Logic for performing the second phase is included, generally, in the device, and this is not discussed in detail further herein. (Such logic is known.)  
      During a third phase, a determination is made as to a default playback mode of the device. This is determined by reading a “player mode” from the property, e.g., InterActual.PlayerMode. If the device is configured for “play” mode, ITX content, e.g., HTML content, is bypassed, whereas if the device is configured for ITX mode, then the ITX content is launched beginning with the index.htm file in the common directory. The ITX content itself can then be updated dynamically if the device is connected to the Internet, or an equivalent network. There is no Internet connection, or equivalent connection, the device renders ITX content from a ROM portion of the DVD disk.  
      For non-ITX disks, when the device is configured for ITX mode, a default content home page (called default.htm) is displayed and an Internet connection, or equivalent, is attempted to provide potential ITX content for the non-ITX disk.  
      During a fourth phase, platform specific file detection occurs, and a determination is made as to whether there are platform specific binary files on the DVD disk for the device. This is accomplished by searching for a predefined directory, as described above, associated with the device.  
      During a fifth phase, a determination is made as to whether a connection to the internet or similar network, can be made. This step is performed for ITX disks in order to determine whether updated content is available from a server. Additionally, for DVD disks without ITX content, a connection to an on-line database can be attempted, so that the database can be interrogated to determine whether a server containing content associated with the DVD disk is available. If such content is available, an interactive experience similar to that available on ITX disk can be offered to the user of the device. When the device is in “play” mode, then ITX disk can display an icon, to signify that ITX content is available from the DVD disks ROM area. If the user selects the icon, a content home page is displayed, i.e., default.htm, so that the user can switch to ITX mode.  
      With reference to  FIG. 3 , a process  300  for obtaining update information is described. The process  300  begins with a decision step  302  wherein a determination is made as to whether the user is online and whether the user prefers to check for updates online. If the answer to decision step  302  is no, then in another decision step  304  a determination is made as to whether HTML update information is available. If such information is available then in an operation  306 , the ITX.HTM is started from the web and the update information is retrieved. If the answer to question  302  or both questions  302  and  304  are no, then in yet another decision step  308  a determination is made whether a platform directory exists, the platform directory applicable to the platform of the user device. If an appropriate platform directory does exist, then in an operation  310 , ITX.HTM is started in the platform directory. If an appropriate platform directory does not exist, then in a decision step  312  a determination is made as to whether a common directory exists which can be used with the platform of the user device. If such a common directory does exist, then ITX.HTM is started in that directory. If such a common platform directory does not exist, then in a step  316  the DVD is played a normal video without Internet enhancement.  
      It is recommended that each player have a user setup that allows the ITX functionality to be overridden, such as: 
          Check for ITX and start as ITX if found (default setting)     Check for ITX and give the user a menu choice of ITX or Standard     Show the ITX icon on the screen for several seconds when ITX is found (include a remote control function that re-starts discs in ITX mode     Play all discs as DVD-Video, ignoring ITX        

      ITX Programming Interface (Mandatory Compliance):  
      This section describes the ITX application programming interface (API) for controlling and scripting ITX-enhanced discs. The API is divided into five sections: 
          Embedding. Syntax for embedding DVD-Video within a web page. This section also addresses displaying video full screen and in a window.     Commands. Commands control the playback and search mechanisms of a DVD-Video disc.     Properties. Properties are used to query attributes of the DVD-Video and set certain configuration properties.     Events. Events are used to trigger notification of various playback conditions, such as time changes, title changes and UOP changes. Events are essential for scripting and synchronizing the video with other assets. 
 
 Embedding: 
       

      This section describes how to embed DVD-Video within an HTML page and control its layout.  
      Computer operating systems shall embed DVD-Video using currently available embedding techniques. Examples for each of the major computer operating systems is are provided below:  
                                   Operating           System   Example                  Windows   &lt;object ID=“PCFriendly”            CLASSID=“clsid: A0739DE5-571F-11D2-           A031-0060977F760C”            BORDER=“1” WIDTH=50% HEIGHT=60% &gt;           &lt;/object&gt;       Apple/Macintosh   &lt;embed ID=”PCFriendly”            TYPE=”application/x-pcfriendly-           plugin”            ALT=”PCFriendly Plug In”            HIDDEN=”TRUE” &gt;           &lt;/embed&gt;       Linux   TBD       Others   TBD                  
 
     Examples for Embedding DVD-Video in HTML  
      After the DVD-Video object is embedded in the web page, it can be accessed using any style sheet, link, or scripting language. Values for the ID string must begin with a letter (A-Z or a-z) and may be followed by any number of letters, digits, hyphens, and periods up to a maximum of  48 .  
      Unlike computers, set-top boxes do not generally have a full-blown operating system and browser. Therefore, the capabilities within the browser are often more restricted. For embedding DVD-Video within these platforms using ITX, the “PCFriendly” ID must be integrated within the embedded browser as any other tag structure. With this approach, any embedded browser that encounters the “PCFriendly” tag, would automatically associate this identifier with the ITX programming API described later in this section.  
      While many possible windows configurations are possible for displaying the update data, the update data is preferably provided on a screen in the following manner: 
          Toggling between full screen     Displaying within frame     Dynamic resizing 
 
 Commands: 
       

      Commands (also known as functions or methods in OOP terminology) control the playback and navigation mechanisms of a DVD-Video/Audio or CD-DA disc. Commands can be used by the calling application (HTML, C++, or other) to initiate a DVD/CD playback function. The commands supported by ITX are listed below. 
          All commands support return values as shown above.     See notes at the end of the table and for a description of the optional time and FX parameters designated by [*].        

      Items in square brackets [ ] are optional.  
                                                           DVD   CD-   Support           ITX Commands   Description   Player   DA   Level   Range                  Open(filename   Opens specified   Both   Y   Base   —       | type)   file name.           See note 1.       Play([*])   Start playback of   Both   Y   Base   —           the DVD.       Pause([*])   Pause playback of   Both   Y   Base   —           the DVD           (Pause_On).           Subsequent issue           of Pause( ) resumes           playback           (Pause_Off)       Stop([*])   Stop playback of   Both   Y   Base   —           the current DVD.           Stops execution of           current PGC and           transfers to Stop           State.       FastForward([x[,*]])   Fast forward the   Both       Base   2-99,           current DVD at x               although           speed. (By               some           default, x = 2)               players                           may                           allow                           only                           the DVD                           values                           of                           2, 4, 8, 1                           6, 32       Rewind([x[,*]])   Rewind the current   Both       Base   same as           DVD at x speed.               above           (By default, x = 2)       Slow([x[,*]])   Play the current   Both       Adv   2-99           DVD at x speed.               (reciprocal           (By default, x = 2               values)           for ½ speed).           Supported Features           should be checked           first to determine           if capability is           supported.           See note 2.       SlowReverse(x[,*])   Play the current   Both       Adv   same as           DVD at x speed in               above           reverse. (By           default, x = 2 for           ½ speed).           Supported Features           should be checked           first to determine           if capability is           supported.           See note 2.       Step([n[, *]])   Steps playback of   Both       Adv   1-30           the DVD forward n           frames. Supported           Features should be           checked first to           determine if           capability is           supported. By           default, n = 1.       NextChapter([*])   Halts playback of   Video       Base   —           the current           chapter and starts           playback from the           next chapter           within the title.       PrevChapter([*])   Halts playback of   Video       Base   —           the current           chapter and starts           playback from the           start of the           current chapter;           or if near the           start of a chapter           goes to the           previous chapter.       NextTrack( )   Halts playback of   Audio   Y   Base   —           the current track           and starts           playback from the           next track in the           same Audio Title           within the Title           Group.       PrevTrack( )   Halts playback of   Audio   Y   Base   —           the current track           and starts           playback from the           previous track in           the same Audio           Title within the           Title Group.       NextDisplay([*])   Presents the next   Audio       Base   —           visual           display/slide in           the display list           to the user.       PrevDisplay([*])   Presents the   Audio       Base   —           previous visual           display/slide in           the display list           to the user.       TitlePlay(t[,*])   Start playback at   Video       Base   1-99           the specified           title index, t.           (Initializes all           GPRMs and SPRMs).       ChapterPlay(t,c[,*])   Start playback at   Video       Base   t: 1-99           the specified               c: 1-99           title index and           chapter value. If           in TT_DOM and           already within           specified title,           ChapterSearch is           issued to maintain           all GPRM and SPRM           values. Otherwise,           ChapterPlay is           issued and all           GPRMs and SPRMs           are initialized.       TimePlay(h,m,s,f[,*])   Start playback at   Both       Base   h: 00-23           the specified.               m: 00-59           Specify time in               s: 00-59           hours, minutes,               f: 00-29           seconds, frames.           (Computer must           translate into           milliseconds). If           in TT_DOM or           TT_GR_DOM and           already within           specified title,           TimeSearch is           issued to maintain           all GPRM and SPRM           values. Otherwise,           TimePlay is issued           and all GPRMs and           SPRMs are           initialized.       TitleGroupPlay(g[,*])   Start playback at   Audio       Base   g: tbd           the specified           title group           number.       TrackPlay(g,t[,*])   Start playback at   Audio   Y   Base   g: tbd           the specified               t: tbd           title group number           and track number.           If in TT_GR_DOM           and already within           specified title           group, TrackSearch           is issued to           maintain all GPRM           and SPRM values.           Otherwise,           TrackPlay is           issued and all           GPRMs and SPRMs           are initialized.           In case of CD-DA,           group number           should be 1 by           default.       HiddenGroupPlay(g[,*])   Plays desired   Audio       Adv   g: tbd           hidden/locked           group.       HiddenTrackPlay(g,t[,*])   Plays desired   Audio       Adv   g: tbd           hidden/locked               t: tbd           track within           Hidden Group.       HiddenTimePlay(h,m,s[,*])   Plays from   Audio       Adv   h: 00-23           specific time           within Hidden               m: 00-59           Group.               s: 00-59       Menu(x[,*])   Display the   Both       Base   1-5           specified menu.           See note 3.       GotoMenuID(x[,*])   Displays menu   Both       Adv   —           associated with           entered menu ID       GotoBookMark(x[,*])   Continues playback   Both   Y   Adv   —           at the specified           bookmark location           by number.           See note 4.       SaveBookMark(x[,*])   Creates a bookmark   Both   Y   Adv   0-n           at the current               n is           location to store               system           with a given               dependent,           number.               about           See note 4.               32       Resume([*])   Resume DVD   Both       Base   —           playback (if           applicable based           on Navigation).       StillOff([*])   Continue with   Both       Base   —           still off.       UOPMask( )   Retrieve current   Video       Base   —           UOPs.       AutoMouseHide(b)   Show or hide the   Both       Adv           mouse cursor when           the DVD is           playing. (Hide           occurs 2 seconds           after no activity)       UpButtonSelect([n])   Selects the up   Both       Base   1-36           direction button n           times. By default           n = 1.       DownButtonSelect([n])   Selects the down   Both       Base   1-36           direction n times.           By default n = 1.       LeftButtonSelect([n])   Selects the left   Both       Base   1-36           direction button n           times. By default           n = 1.       RightButtonSelect([n])   Selects the right   Both       Base   1-36           direction button n           times. By default           n = 1.       ButtonActivate( )   Activate the   Both       Base   —           current           highlighted           button.       ButtonSelect   Activate the   Both       Base   1-36       And   specified       Activate(n)   highlighted           button, where n is           the button number           between 1 and 36.       AudioSelect(n)   Sets the stream   Both       Base   1-8           number of the           Audio to play       SubPictureSelect(n)   Sets the stream   Video       Base   1-32           number of the           Subpicture to           display       SubPictureEnable(n)   Enables or   Video       Base   0 = off           Disables               1 = on           Subpictures (sub           titles)       AngleSelect(n)   Sets the stream   Video       Base   1-8           number of the           Angle to play       MenuLanguage   Selects the   Both       Base   1-tbd       Select(n)   language for the           System Menu           according to the           language code (n).           Only available in           a Stop State.       TextLanguage   Selects the   Audio       Base   1-tbd       Select(n)   language for the           Audio Text Data.       ParentalLevel   Selects parental   Video       Base   1-8       Select(n)   level of player.       ParentalCountry   Selects the   Video       Base   1-tbd       Select(n)   country for the           parental level.       KaraokeSelect(x)   Changes the Audio   Video       Adv   1:           mode for Karaoke.               vocalist 1                           2:                           vocalist 2                           3:                           guide                           melody       Zoom([x, y[,*]])   Zoom (or scale) by   Both       Adv   2500-40000           a percentage               (16-bit           factor of x               unsigned           (horizontal) and y               values)           (vertical).           Individual players           may support           various zoom           ranges, but 25% to           400% is           recommended (2500 &lt; x,           y &lt; 40000).           See note 5.           X and Y are           integers, 100           times the           percentage. By           default, x and y           are 10000 (100%).       Pan([x,y[,*]])   Set center point   Both       Adv   −5000           of zoomed display               to           to x, y coordinates               +5000           based on           percentage of           normal content           full screen           display.           See note 5.           X and Y are           integers, 100           times the           percentage. By           default, x and y           are zero (center           point).       VideoBlending([a,c[,*]])   Controls whether   Both       Adv   a: 0-255           the video is               c: 32-           played in its own               bit           window/full screen               ARGB           (a = 0) or if the           video is in the           background and           HTML content is           blended on top of           it (where a is the           alpha blending           value from 1 to           255; c is HTML the           HTML background           color that is           clear). By           default, a = 255           (HTML on top) and           c = white (white           HTML background is           clear for video to           show through).           See note 6.       Bitmap Layer       Extensions       CreateLayer(b,c,r,d,p)   Create an overlay   Both   Y   Adv   b: 1-9           layer               c: 32-           b is the bitmap               bit           overlay ref number               ARGB           (or handle)               r: 1-4           Initialize to               d: 1,           color c               2, 4,           r is the               8, 15,           resolution               16, 24,           d is the number of               32           bits per pixel. p               p:           is the palette               palette           when b = 1, 2, 4 or 8               tbl           See note 7.       ChangePalette(b,p[,*])   Change the palette   Both   Y   Adv   b: 1-9           for layer b               p:                           palette                           tbl       DestroyLayer(b)   Destroy an overlay   Both   Y   Adv   1-9           layer. If b = 0           then destroy all           layers.       ShowLayer(b[,*])   Make a layer   Both   Y   Adv   1-9           visible       HideLayer(b[,*])   Hide a layer   Both   Y   Adv   1-9       SetVectorDraw(b,c,w[,*])   Set default   Both   Y   Adv   b: 1-9           drawing color (c)               c: 32-           and width (w) for               bit           layer b.               ARGB or           c: ARGB or index               palette           into palette               index           w: 1 to 16 pixels               w: 1-16       SetVectorCorners(x1,y1,x2,y2)   Set the user               x: 0-720           coordinate system               (or           to: x1, y1 (upper               1920)           left corner);               y: 0-480,           x2, y2 (lower right               576 (or           corner).               1080)           The default is           0, 0..720, 480 for           NTSC and 0, 0..720           576 for PAL; which           matches one to one           to pixels in the           layer. (All values           are 16-bit signed           integers)           This coordinate           system is used for           VectorMove and           VectorDraw       VectorMove(x   Move to x, y on,y,b[,*])   Both   Y   Adv   x: 0-720           layer b.               (or           (x, y based on               1920)           SetVectorCorners)               y: 0-480,                           576 (or                           1080)                           b: 1-9       VectorDraw(x,y,b[,*])   Draw to x, y on   Both   Y   Adv   x: 0-720           layer b.               (or           (x, y based on               1920)           SetVectorCorners)               y: 0-480,                           576 (or                           1080)                           b: 1-9       DisplayImage(f, b,a[,*])   Display image from   Both   Y   Adv   f:           file (types: JPEG,               filename           Gif) in layer b,               b: 1-9           with alpha blend               a: 0-255           level a. (Layer           must have           sufficient bit           depth.)       Time and FX       SetRelTime([t])   Set the relative   Both   Y   Base   t: 0-2 31             time counter to t.               unsigned           (unsigned 32-bit               32-           integer in ms)               bit           See GetRelTime               integer           property. The           relative time           affects only           commands issued           for delayed           execution           (queued). Once           queued commands           use machine           absolute time. By           default, t = 0.       FlushCmdQueue( )   Flush and/or   Both   Y   Base           initialize the           command queue.       Misc       Extensions       SetMixVolume(x[,*]   Set primary audio   Both   Y   Adv   x: 0-100           stream volume               0 = mute           level to               main           percentage x to               audio           allow overmixing.       FullScreen(w[,*])   Toggles video   Both       Base   0 = full           playback between               1 = window           full screen and           window.       NetConnect([u[,*]])   Establish WWW   Both   Y   Adv   u = text           connection to               string           optional URL           provided. By           default,           connection is made           with no URL.       Computer   The following               —       Only:   commands should be           ignored in set-top           players       Close( )   Close the driver   Both   Y   Base   —           and stop playback           of the current           DVD.       ShowControls(x,y[,*])   Show or hide the   Both   Y   Base   x: 0-1920           video controls in               y: 0-1200           full screen mode,           at x, y. Use −1,−1           to hide.       ShowContextMenu( )   Controls the right   Both       Base   —           mouse click           context menu.       PopUpMenu( )   Displays and   Both       Base   —           allows the audio           languages, sub-           pictures, and           angles to be set           to those currently           available.       SuppressErrors(b)   Suppresses display   Both   Y   Base   0 = suppress           of error messages               1 = show           (0 = suppress           display of error           messages, 1 = display           error           messages)                  
 
     ITX Command Summary  
      Command Notes:  
      [*] optional parameters 
          Special effects and timed operations are performed with four optional parameters. See section 2.1.2.2.3 for complete details. 
 
 1. Open. 
       

      Opening of VOB files and MPEG files is required for baseline support. Other file types are advanced features. An open file can be played, paused, stopped. Fast forward and rewind are not available. Stopping causes the file pointer to be reset to the start of the file.  
      2. Slow and Slow Reverse.  
      If slow is supported a speed of ½ is required. Other slow speeds may also be supported; decreasing powers of two are recommended: ¼, ⅛, 1/16, etc although any value from ½ to 1/99 is allowed. Integer reciprocal values are used for the speeds, such as 2 for ½ and 4 for ¼, etc.  
      3. Menu.  
      Menu choices are: 
          1: Title Menu     2: Root Menu     3: Chapter Menu     4: Audio Languages Menu     5: Subpicture Languages Menu 
 
 4. Bookmarks. 
       

      The bookmarks are assigned a number when set. A GotoBookMark returns to the same position on the disc as when the bookmark was set (saved). Preservation of bookmarks during powerdown is not required, however, if implemented, bookmarks shall be unique to the disc (using a generated disc id). A minimum of one bookmark per disc is required if implemented (32 recommended). It is recommended that bookmarks save the entire DVD-Video or DVD-Audio state, but this is not required. At a minimum, the correct title and time must be saved.  
      5. Zoom and Pan.  
      Zoom parameters are based on a percentage, so integer values of 10000 and 10000 (x and y) indicate 100% of normal full screen display with no zoom. Normally the x and y scale factors should be the same to maintain a correct aspect ratio. When zooming to a value greater than 100%, by default, the center point of the image remains on the center of the display. Panning allows moving the center point of the portion of the image to be displayed. These x and y pan parameters are provided as a percentage of the display from −50% to +50% using integer values from −5000 to +5000. (This is done so that the differences between NTSC and PAL do not have to be calculated in pixels. Additionally, it may also be possible to use the same HTML code for handling 4:3 and 16:9 as well.) If the pan parameters would cause the display to pan off the edge of the video, then the platform software shall only set that panning parameter to the largest or smallest value that keeps the video in the display area.  
      6. Blending.  
      This advanced feature allows an HTML page to be constructed that includes a background color (the colorkey) that is treated as clear. Other information on the page (graphics or text) is then alpha blended with the video. An alpha value of 0 indicates that the video shows everywhere. An alpha value of 255 indicates that the HTML page shows everywhere (except where it is clear as defined by the colorkey value). This allows, for example, placing textual titles on top of the video (or blended with the video). Graphical menus can be added in the same manner. A minimum of 16 (256 recommended) discreet alpha values are required if this feature is supported. However, the alpha blend parameter is always from 0 to 255.  
      7. Bitmap Layers.  
      The bitmap layer features allow defining and using multiple layers (possibly only one active at a time depending on the playback device) with other layers stored in memory and ready to be activated when needed. This is how an event moderator can remotely draw onto the video image. The number of bits per pixel (color depth) can be 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 16, 24 or 32. For bpp of 1, 2, 4 and 8 a palette must be provided (32-bit ARGB data). It is anticipated that the most frequently used capability will be bpp values of 1 or 2 to be used for image markup, like a chalkboard with 1 to 4 colors. Bpp values of 15, 16, 24 and 32 allow images to be used on a layer.  
      Errors and Warnings  
      All commands shall return one of the following error codes  
                                           number   name   description   commands                  0   OK   Successful   all       1   General   Other or Unknown error   all           Error   condition       1   FileNot   File not found   Open,           Found       DisplayImage       2   NotSupported   File type or feature not               supported       3   NoDisc   Attempt to play with no   Play, +others?               disc       4   BadParam   Parameter out of range   many       5   ParamError   Parameter out of range   many               for current disc or               current condition       6   NoMem   Not enough memory for   CreateLayer,               operation   DisplayImage       7   QueueFull   Command queue is full   Time delayed                   command       8   QueueFail   Timed command error   Time delayed               (such as overlapping   command               command)       9   QueueWarn   Timed command accepted,   Time delayed               but action may be   command               emulated                  
 
     Error and Warning Summary  
      Layers and Pixel Formats:  
      With reference to  FIG. 4 , a data layout  400  for a layer with 2 bpp, resolution is depicted. Also depicted is a data layout  402  for a layer with a 4 bpp resolution. The pixel formats for data in a layer may be stored (internally) in any format. The diagrams on the next page illustrate how it might work in one implementation. The data in the LUT (lookup table) is provided as a color palette by CreateLayer( ) or ChangePalette( ). Each entry in the palette is a 32-bit integer as follows: 
          byte  0 : blue (least significant byte)     byte  1 : green     byte  2 : red     byte  3 : alpha        

      An alpha value of 0 indicates a transparent color (i.e. the video shows through) and 255 is a solid opaque color (i.e. no video shows through). The first entry in every color palette should consist of 4 bytes of zero, a clear color. The default color value, c, in CreateLayer( ) should normally be zero to initialize the layer to a clear color. Special visual effects can be created by use of other values, such as initializing a layer to red, then erasing it off with a series of drawing commands and/or by changing alpha values, in the color palette, etc. Layers and data on them are not affected by video transitions and special effects having to do with video playback.  
      As described in the next section, some commands may be modified with time parameters and special effects or transitions. Of particular note to the bitmap layer commands are the ChangePalette( ) and VectorDraw( ) commands. A VectorDraw( ) command with a time duration simply draws a line incrementally. However, the ChangePalette( ) command with a time duration should be implemented such that there are three complete palettes, the original, the final and the current palette. At each time increment every palette table entry is interpolated towards its final value. The ShowLayer( ) and HideLayer( ) commands may have a timed special effect applied to them such as a wipe or fade.  
      Transitions, Special Effects and Timing:  
      Similar to how an author might use transitions and special effects during video editing, ITX allows a subset of these types of capabilities, depending on the unique capabilities of each playback system. If a system cannot produce the effect due to hardware or software limitations then it should gracefully degrade to some emulation or simply produce no effect at all, but concluding at the same logical end point.  
      Transitions can be used, for example, when switching from one scene to another with a time search or chapter search. If no effect is specified, then the playback system would normally produce a standard cut or possibly insert black frames between the scenes. However, if a wipe left is specified, then the final still frame of scene  1  is shown and scene  2  wipes in from the left at the specified rate. (No attempt is made to provide a moving image for both scenes simultaneously.)  
      The following table details the optional parameters and their ranges:  
                                                   Description   range                                                        xxx(?[t1,t2,fx,p])   Command xxx with optional   t1: 0-2 31             see command list   parameters as follows:   t2: 0-2 31             in 2.1.2.2 where   t1: time 1 (0 or relative   fx: 0-999           [*] is replaced by   start time)   p: 32-bit           [t1,t2,fx,p]   t2: time 2 (duration (if   value               t1=0) or relative end time)   based on x               fx: special effect number   all               p: extra parameter based on   unsigned               fx   32-bit               There are two basic modes:   integers               1. If t1=0, then t2 is the               command duration.               2. If t1&gt;0, then t1=starting               relative time and t2=ending               relative time.               t1 and t2 are unsigned 32-               bit integers in               milliseconds.               The possible choices for the               variable numbers of               parameters are:               t1 (not allowed)               t1, t2               t1, t2, fx               t1, t2, fx, p                      
 
     Optional Parameter Format for Timed Commands and Special Effects  
      Notes:  
      1. Immediate Execution  
      To cause a timed command or special effect to start immediately, the t 1  parameter must be set to zero (or to a value less than the current relative time). The t 2  parameter contains the duration of the command (when t 1 =0). If t 1  is greater than zero, but less than the current relative time then the duration is equal to t 2 -t 1 . A negative duration is treated as the shortest possible time for that operation.  
      2. Delayed Execution  
      To cause a command to be queued for later execution, the t 1  parameter must be set to a non-zero value greater than the current relative time. To accomplish this the current relative time can be queried via the GetRelTime property. Alternatively, the relative time can be set using the SetRelTime command. Once a command has been queued, the player shall convert the relative time to an absolute time for its scheduled execution and cannot be changed. (However, the command queue can be flushed.)  
       3 . SpecialFX.  
      Any immediate or delayed execution command can have a special effect or transition (with optioannl parameter) added to modify its operation. All special effects and transitions must be accepted by all players but may be emulated or ignored if the effect cannot be performed. The same is true of the timed nature of various commands—if a player has a fixed duration for executing a particular command, then the requested duration is ignored.  
       4 . Command Macros  
      Macros of commands can be created by using the SetRelTime and then issuing various commands based with offsets from that time.  
      5. Command Queue  
      The player must support a command queue with a depth of at least two items (eight is recommended; PC/Mac: 64 is recommended). That is, two items are pending execution at a later time while further commands continue to execute. If a command is accepted for the queue, then it must be executed (unless flushed or some other operation negates or overrides its action). Times stored in the queue should be in an absolute machine time (not relative time and not DVD playback time) so that subsequent changes to the relative time do not affect commands already queued.  
      6. Conflicting Commands  
      Because it is possible to schedule commands that have overlapping times, these must be checked prior to acceptance for the queue. Non-conflicting, overlapping operation can be accepted. Conflicting overlapping operations may be accepted also if the operations can still be logically completed. Conflicting overlapping operations that are accepted shall return a warning code. An example of a conflicting operation would be to schedule a chapter advance with a 5 second fade in and a second chapter advance after only 2 seconds. Robust internally interlocks must be used if there is any chance of an erroneous program to lock up a machine due to the use of timed or delayed execution commands. A fallback to basic sequential operation is suggested.  
      Exemplary transitions and special effects according to an embodiment of the invention include the following.  
                                           num   name   description   parameters                   0   none   standard cut, no effect   none        1   dissolve   old scene dissolves away,   none               new scene appears        2   fade   old fades to color, new   color: 32-bit               scene fades in   ARGB        3   wipe   old scene is wiped off   LRTB               revealing new scene        4   reveal   old scene is pulled off,   LRTB               revealing new scene        5   slide   new scene slides on,   LRTB               covering old scene        6   push   new scene pushes old scene   LRTB               off        7   peal   old scene is peeled off   LFTB               (like a wipe, but 3D)        8   corner   wipe from a corner   ULURLLLR           wipe        9   corner   reveal from a corner   ULURLLLR           reveal        10   corner   slide from a corner   ULURLLLR           slide        11   corner   peel from a corner   ULURLLLR           peal        12   random   random boxes poke holes in   box size in           boxes   old scene revealing new   pixels               scene        13   blinds   horiz or vert blinds wipe   blind size in               off revealing new scene   pixels       14-99       reserved for other               transitions       100   none   standard video and audio   none       101   YUV   adjustments are made to luma   byte 0: V               and chroma   byte 1: U                   byte 2: Y                   byte 3:                   reserved 0                   (signed byte                   adjustments)       102   snow   snow is added to the display   0 = none                   255 = maximum       103   ripple   video is played like   0 = none               underwater   255 = maximum       104-999       reserved       1000       assignable for specific       and       system effects       up                 Notes:            LRTB: 1 = left, 2 = right, 3 = top, 4 = bottom            ULURLLLR: 1 = upper left, 2 = upper right, 3 = lower left, 4 = lower right             
 
     List of Transitions and Special Effects  
      Notes:  
      LRTB: 1=left, 2=right, 3=top, 4=bottom  
      ULURLLLR: 1=upper left, 2=upper right, 3=lower left, 4=lower right  
      All transitions and/or effects do not make sense with each command. The guiding philosophy should be to implement only those that make sense. The following table is the recommended set features for the most advanced playback systems with Y 1  being the most basic to Y 4  the most advanced.  
                                                               time                       delayed   time   effect/tr           ITX Command   (queued)   duration   ansition                          ChangePalette   Y 1     Y 4                 (b,p[,*])           ChapterPlay(t,   Y 1     Y 2     Y 2             c[,*])           DisplayImage(f,   Y 1     Y 3     Y 3             b, a[,*])           FastForward([   Y 1     Y 2     Y 2             x[,*]])           FullScreen(w[,*])   Y 1     Y 3             GotoBookMark(x[,*])   Y 1             GotoMenuID(x[,*])   Y 1     Y 2     Y 2             HiddenGroupPlay   Y 1             (g[,*])           HiddenTimePlay   Y 1             (h,m,s[,*])           HiddenTrackPlay   Y 1             (g,t[,*])           HideLayer(b[,*])   Y 1     Y 3     Y 3             Menu(x[,*])   Y 1     Y 2     Y 2             NetConnect([u   Y 2             [,*]])           NextChapter([*])   Y 1     Y 2     Y 2             NextDisplay([*])   Y 1     Y 2     Y 2             Pan([x,y[,*]])   Y 1     Y 2             Pause([*])   Y 1     Y 2     Y 2             Play([*])   Y 1     Y 2     Y 2             PrevChapter([*])   Y 1     Y 2     Y 2             PrevDisplay([*])   Y 1     Y 2     Y 2             Resume([*])   Y 1     Y 2     Y 2             Rewind([x[,*]])   Y 1     Y 2     Y 2             SaveBookMark(   Y 1             x[,*])           SetMixVolume(   Y 1             x[,*])           SetVectorDraw   Y 1             (b,c,w[,*])           ShowControls(x,   Y 1     Y 3     Y 3             y[,*])           ShowLayer(b[,*])   Y 1     Y 3     Y 3             Slow([x[,*]])   Y 1     Y 2     Y 2             SlowReverse(x   Y 1     Y 2     Y 2             [,*])           Step([n[,*]])   Y 1             StillOff([*])   Y 1             Stop([*])   Y 1     Y 2     Y 2             TimePlay(h,m,   Y 1     Y 2     Y 2             s,f[,*])           TitleGroupPlay   Y 1             (g[,*])           TitlePlay(t[,*])   Y 1     Y 2     Y 3             TrackPlay(g,t   Y 1             [,*])           VectorDraw(x,   Y 1     Y 3             y,b[,*])           VectorMove(x,   Y 1     Y 3             y,b[,*])           VideoBlending   Y 1     Y 2             ([a,c[,*]])           Zoom([x,y[,*]])   Y 1     Y 2                                    
 
     Recommended Commands and Special Effects Matchups  
      ITX Events  
      Events are integral to synchronizing DVD-Video with other media. With these events, web pages can be synchronized with the audio or video. For example, each ChapterEvent (start of new chapter) can change an HTML storyboard that corresponds to the movie. Time events can be used to coordinate advertising messages in HTML while the video is playing: when James Bond is driving his BMW, an appropriate web page (BMW or auto sales site) can automatically be displayed at the same time.  
      The value of events is that these external media do NOT have to be embedded or even be known at the time the DVD-Video is authored. This flexibility keeps DVD-Video authoring on schedule and greatly minimizes the authoring costs while adding valuable and unique features to each disc.  
      Events can be used by the calling application (HTML, C++, or other) to receive notification of DVD playback status. If a platform does not support an event, then an error code must be returned when its use is attempted. Supported events are:  
                                                           Sup-                   CD-   port       ITX Events   Description   DA   Level   Range                  TitleEvent(t)   Called when title       Base   1-99           changes. Returns the           new title number in t.       ChapterEvent(c)   Called when chapter       Base   1-99           changes. Returns the           new chapter number in           c.       TitleGroupEvent   Called when title       Base   1-tbd       (g)   group changes.           Returns the new           title group           number in g.       TrackEvent(t)   Called when the track   Y   Base   1-tbd           changes. Returns the           new track number in t.       TimeEvent(e,t)   Called on time change.       Base   e: 1-2 31             Returns elapsed time           t: 1-2 31             in e and total time in           (˜2 24             t. Both in           is           milliseconds.           practical                       limit       DisplayChange(x)   Called when       Base   tbd           slide/display list           changes. Returns slide           number in x.       AngleEvent(x)   Called on angle       Base   1-9           change. Returns new           angle number in x.       StateEvent(x)   Called when play state       Base   0-6           changes (i.e., play to           pause). Returns state           in x.           See CurrentState           property for values.       SpeedEvent(x)   Called when speed       Base   1-32           changes (i.e., play to           scanning). Returns           new speed in x.       UOPSEvent(n)   Called when any UOP       Base   32           changes. Returns           16-bit           UOPs array in n.                       values       DomainEvent(x)   Called when domain       Base           changes. Returns           domain in x.       MenuEvent(x)   Called when menu ID       Adv           changes. Returns the           ID of the new menu in           x.       MenuButtonEvent   Called when user       Adv   1-32       (x)   clicks a button on a           menu. Returns the ID           of the button selected           in x.       MouseEvent(b,x,y)   Called when the user       Adv   b: tbd           clicks either the left           x: 0-720           or right mouse button.           y: 0-480           Returns mouse button           or           in b, x coordinate in           576           x, and y coordinate in           y.       AudioEvent(x)   Called when user   Y   Base   1-tbd           changes audio track.           Returns audio number           in x.       SubpictureEvent   Called when user       Base   1-32       (x)   changes subpicture           track. Returns           subpicture number in           x.       AngleEvent(c,m)   Called when user       Base   c: 1-9           changes video angle.           m: 1-9           Returns current angle           number in c and total           number of angles in m       MenuLanguageEvent   Called when user       Base   1-tbd       (x)   changes menu           language. Returns           menu language           number in x.       TextLanguageEvent   Called when user       Base   1-tbd       (x)   changes text language.           Returns text language           number in x.       VideoErrorEvent   Called when an error       Base   tbd       (n)   occurs. Returns error           number in n.       ParentalEvent(p,c)   Called when parental       Adv   p: 1-8           control changes.           c: tbd           Returns level in p and           country in c.       KaraokeEvent(b)   Called when karaoke       Adv   0-1           event changes. Returns           1 if karaoke track has           begun playing, 0 if           just finished.       EjectEvent( )   Called when disc is   Y   Base   —           ejected from device.           No return value.       InsertEvent( )   Called when disc is   Y   Base   —           inserted into device.           No return value.                  
 
     ITX Events Summary  
      ITX Properties  
      Properties can be used to find information about commonly used variables; such as time, title and chapter. All properties must be supported even if the advanced feature itself is not supported. Non-supported features may return a reasonable default value (for example if the zoom feature is not supported the zoom properties should always return 10000.) If a feature is not supportable and there is no reasonable value, then a −1 should be returned.  
      The following properties are supported:  
                                                       CD   Support           ITX Property   Description   DA   Level   Range                  CurrentElapsed   Elapsed time of   Y   Base   0-2 31         Time   current title (in           milliseconds)       CurrentTotalTime   Total time of current       Base   0-2 31             title (in           milliseconds)       CurrentTitle   Currently playing       Base   0-99           title       CurrentTitleGroup   Currently playing       Base   0-99           title group       CurrentChapter   Currently playing       Base   0-99           chapter       CurrentTrack   Currently playing   Y   Base   0-99           track       CurrentDisplay   Currently playing       Base   0-99           display list item       CurrentState   Current play state   Y   Base   0-6           (0=None, 1=Scanning,           2=Stop, 3=Pause,           4=Play, 5=Slow Play,           6=Menu)       CurrentDomain   Current domain       Base   tbd       CurrentAudio   Current audio track   Y   Base   0-99       CurrentSubpicture   Current sub picture       Base   0-31           track       CurrentAngle   Current video angle       Base   1-9       CurrentMenuLang   Current menu language       Base   1-8       NumAudio   Number of audio       Base   1-8           languages/tracks           currently available       NumSubpicture   Number of subpictures       Base   0-31           currently available       NumAngles   Number of angles       Base   1-9           currently available       NumMenuLang   Number of menu       Base   1-8           languages available       GetAudioLanguage   Returns audio language       Base   0-99       (x)   (and extensions) for           specified audio number           x. Returned audio           language is the 2-           digit locale.       GetSubpictureLanguage   Returns subpiucture       Base   0-99       (x)   language (and           extensions) for           specified subpicture           number x. Returned           subpicture language is           the 2-digit locale.       GetMenuLanguage   Returns menu for       Base   0-99       (x)   specified menu number           x. Returned menu           language is the 2-           digit locale.       SupportedFeatures   Returns feature bits   Y   Base   32-bit           corresponding to           mask           capabilities of           current system (Must           be available before           the navigator is in           the play state).           See section 4.1 and           4.2 for details.       Version   Returns version of   Y   Base   Two           platform. This field           16-bit           can also be used to           integers           determine parsing of               certain components in           the SupportedFeatures           property. Returns           major version and           minor version unique           to each playback           system.       CurrentZoomX   Current Zoom X value       Base   Unsigned                       16-bit       CurrentZoomY   Current Zoom Y value       Base   Unsigned                       16-bit       CurrentPanX   Current Pan X value       Base   Unsigned                       16-bit       CurrentPanY   Current Pan Y value       Base   Unsigned                       16-bit       CurrentMenuID   Current ID associated       Base   0-99           with currently           selected menu       NumLayers   Number of overlay   Y   Base   0-9           layers currently           possible (based on           memory available at           resolution 1, bpp = 1)           See note 8.       MaxLayers   Maximum number of   Y   Base   0-9           simultaneous overlay           layers supported           See note 8.       MaxAlpha   Maximum number of   Y   Base   16,           alpha blending steps           32,           supported. (i.e. DVD           64,           subpictures requires           128,           16 levels but hardware           256           may support 256           levels).       MaxFast   Maximum number of fast       Base   0-99           speeds.       MaxFastReverse   Maximum number of       Base   0-99           reverse fast speeds.       MaxSlow   Maximum number of slow       Base   0-99           speeds. Could be zero           if not supported.       MaxSlowReverse   Maximum number of       Base   0-99           reverse slow speeds.           Could be zero if not           supported.       MaxCmdQueue   Maximum size of the   Y   Base   0-255           command queue       MaxBookmarks(x)   Maximum number of   Y   Base   Unsigned           bookmarks based on x:           16-bit           1: total in volatile           memory           2: total in non-           volatile memory           3: per disc in           volatile memory           4: per disc in non-           volatile memory       NumBookmarks(x)   Number of bookmarks   Y   Base   Unsigned           available based on x.           16-bit           (same as above)       GetRelTime   Gets the relative time   Y   Base   0-2 31             counter.       CurrentCmdQueue   Current number of   Y   Base   0-255           empty slots in the           command queue       GetDiscType   Gets the current disc   Y   Base   0-2 16             type and sub-type.           low 8           types:           bits           0 = drive empty or           is an           unknown state           integer           1 = DVD           type;           2 = CD audio           high 8           3 = other           bits           4-255 = reserved           are           sub-types for DVD (bit           bit           fields):           fields           0 = DVD-Video           1 = DVD-Audio           2 = DVD-ROM material           present           3 = PCFriendly           4 = ITX           5-7 = reserved           See section 2.1.2.4.1           for details       QueryNet   Gets Internet   Y   Base   0-9           connection status           0 = not available,           ever           1 = not currently           avail           2 = available, not           online           3 = online, speed           unknown           4 = up to 23.8K           5 = up to 56K           6 = up to 128K           7 = up to 1.5M           8 = up to 10M           9 = &gt;10M                  
 
     ITX Properties Summary  
      Notes:  
      8. Layer Properties.  
      The MaxLayers property is how many simultaneous overlay layers the hardware can process or the software/hardware system can effectively emulate as simultaneous overlays in real time and blend with a full screen video. The NumLayers property returns the number of layers that can be created (but not necessarily used simultaneously) based on the amount of free memory currently available.  
      The concept of layer resolution is that a 720×480 image requires some number of bytes of data (depending on the bpp) at a resolution of 1. A resolution of 2 uses one data item for a 2×2 pixel area of the image (i.e. 4× less data). This allows a layer to be defined for markup that doesn&#39;t need high accuracy and/or a method for a platform to perform graceful degradation if not enough memory is available for a full resolution layer. Resolution  3  is a 3×3 pixel area, and is somewhat awkward. Resolution  4  is a 4×4 pixel area. No other resolutions are defined.  
      Disc Type Detection  
      The GetDiscType property requires that the type of disc in the player be available to the application. A disc may be only one of the following types: 
          0: drive empty or unknown state     1: DVD     2: CD     3: other        

      For a DVD disc, any number of the DVD sub-types may be detected and have their respective bits set as follows:  
                                       Bit               number   Description   Detection method                  0   DVD-Video   VIDEO_TS\VIDEO_TS.IFO               file present       1   DVD-Audio   AUDIO_TS\AUDIO_TS.IFO               file present       2   DVD-ROM   Any file in the main           material   directory other than           present   VIDEO_TS and AUDIO_TS               directories       3   PCFriendly   DISC.ID file present       4   ITX   ITX.HTM file present       5-7   reserved   N/A                  
 
     Disc Sub-Types Bit Fields  
      Browser Requirements  
      Web browsers and the software environment on each platform shall be capable of the following  
                                                       Support           Feature   Level                          ITX features in para 2.1.2.2-2.1.2.4   Base/Adv           Presentation layer must properly   Base           interpret HTML with embedded video           HTML version 4.0   Base           JavaScript version 1.2   Base           Platform determination   Base           (navigator.platform)           Language determination   Base           (navigator.language)           JavaScript handlers for           Methods   Base           Properties   Base           Events   Base           Graphic support (JPG, GIF)   Base           Graphic support (BMP)   Adv           Animated GIF support   Adv           XML   Adv           Java support   Adv           Streaming media support   Adv           Macromedia Flash   Base/Adv           Macromedia Shockwave   Adv           QuickTime   Adv           Interfaces to common hardware features   Base           (ID, cookie, etc.)                      
 
     Browser Requirements Summary  
      HTTP Header Formatting (Base)  
      Each HTTP header should be formatted with the following information (in addition to standard HTTP header information: 
          Language     Screen resolution     Hardware platform identifier and version     Browser identifier and version 
 
 Cookies (Base) 
       

      Browser must be able to support cookie mechanism, which of course places a memory requirement on the hardware device. Cookie shall be placed by browser in local persistent memory and shall be readable only by a specific server and browser/hardware partner. Cookie shall contain: 
          User/hardware ID: generated by computer software or by hardware platform (in case of set-top)     Disc ID: generated by local hardware based on a hashing algorithm.     BCA number: read from lead-in area of DVD        

      The following is matter of design choice. 
          Format of cookie     When to place cookie (i.e., insertion event) 
 
 Direct Connection to Navigator (Adv) 
       

      Ability to pass commands directly to DVD/CD navigator, such as: 
          All DVD/CD navigation commands     Additionally, must have ability to set GPRMs 
 
 Platform/Hardware Requirements 
       

      In order to provide a consistent baseline platform for ITX content developers it is important that the platform and hardware vendors properly support the ITX API. Not all hardware platforms will have identical capabilities. So it is important that each platform provide access to the features that are available and graceful degradation for those that are not supported—and provide this as feedback so that content developers understand how their content will function on different platforms.  
      Baseline Hardware Platform Requirements  
      Hardware platform vendors must provide hardware and interfaces capable of performing all the functions specified as base above to be ITX compatible. If the feature is not available it is important that it either be emulated or degrade gracefully in some manner. Items marked as advanced can be supported or not, but the Supported Features bits must accurately indicate what features are available.  
      It is expected that hardware platforms meet these minimum specifications: 
          Support HTML 3.2 browser and other requirements in paragraphs 3.x        

      Play video full screen down to a 4:1 downscale (180×120 (NTSC), 180×144 (PAL)).  
                                           ITX Baseline           bit   Command Group   Command list                  0   GRP_OPENVOB   Open(filename |               type)       1   GRP_TRANSPORT   Play([*])               Pause([*])               Stop([*])               FastForward([x[,*]])               Rewind([x[,*]])               NextChapter([*])               PrevChapter([*])               Resume([*])               StillOff([*])       2   GRP_AUDIOTRANSPORT   NextTrack( )               PrevTrack( )               NextDisplay([*])               PrevDisplay([*])       3   GRP_SEARCH   TitlePlay(t[,*])               ChapterPlay(t,c[,*])               TimePlay(h,m,s,f[,*])               Menu(x[,*])       4   GRP_AUDIOSEARCH   TitleGroupPlay(g[,*])               TrackPlay(g,t[,*])       5   GRP_UOP   UOPMask( )       6   GRP_SELECT   UpButtonSelect([n])               DownButtonselect([n])               LeftButtonSelect([n])               RightButtonSelect([n])               ButtonActivate( )               ButtonSelectAndActivate               (n)       7   GRP_VFEATURES   SubPictureSelect (n)               SubPictureEnable(n)               AudioSelect (n)               AngleSelect (n)               MenuLanguageSelect(n)               ParentalLevelSelect(n)               ParentalCountrySelect               (n)               FullScreen(w[,*])       8   GRP_AFEATURES   TextLanguageSelect(n)       9   GRP_PC   Close( )               ShowControls(x,y[,*])               ShowContextMenu( )               PopUpMenu( )       10    GRP_DOWNSCALE   From HTML embedded               object width and               height parameters               Zoom(x,y[,*])               (downscale required               for baseline;               upscale is advanced)       11-15   N/A   reserved (must               return 0)                  
 
     Baseline Capabilities Grouping  
      Advanced Hardware Platform Requirements:  
      Each advanced feature requires that it be fully supported for its feature bit to be enabled. However, different playback systems may have differing levels of support for some features, such as the number of bookmarks supported or the variety of special effects supported.  
                                           ITX Advanced           bit   Command Group   Command List                  16   GRP_FILEOPEN   Open(filename |               type)               Play files other               than VOB and MPG.               Audio:               WAV               MID               Video:               AVI       17   GRP_ADVPLAY   Slow([x[,*]])               SlowReverse([x[,*]])               Step([n[,*]])       18   GRP_HIDDEN   HiddenGroupPlay(g[,*])               HiddenTrackPlay(g,t[,*])               HiddenTimePlay(h,m,s[,*])       19   GRP_MENU   GotoMenuID(x[,*])       20   GRP_BOOKMARK   GotoBookMark(x[,*])               SaveBookMark(x[,*])       21   GRP_MOUSE   AutoMouseHide(b)       22   GRP_KARAOKE   KaraokeSelect(x)       23   GRP_ZOOMPAN   Zoom([x,y[,*]])               Pan([x,y[,*]])       24   GRP_BLEND   VideoBlending([a,c[,*]])       25   GRP_LAYER   CreateLayer(b,c,r,d,p)               ChangePalette(b,p[,*])               DestroyLayer(b)               ShowLayer(b[,*])               HideLayer(b,[,*])               DisplayImage(f,b,a[,*])       26   GRP_DRAW   SetVectorDraw(b,c,w[,*])               SetVectorCorners(x1,               y1,x2,y2)               VectorMove(x,y,b[,*])               VectorDraw(x,y,b[,*])       27   GRP_AUDIOMIX   SetMixVolume(x[,*])       28   GRP_QUEUE   FlushCmdQueue( )               SetRelTime([t])               all optional timed               command parameters               and special effects       29   GRP_WEB   NetConnect([u[,*]])       30-31   N/A   reserved (must               return 0)                  
 
     Advanced Capabilities Grouping  
      Local Storage/Memory Requirements:  
      The only local storage requirement of ITX is minimal memory for the purpose of placing cookies. Optionally, the hardware platform can also support larger local memory for the purposes of caching web pages. More information: TBD.  
      Hardware Platform Considerations  
      Some set-top players may not be able to access both DVD-Video and ROM content at the same time. The application will need to permit intelligent caching, and the platform will need to provide sufficient memory.  
      Directory Structure for Current PCFriendly Client:  
                                                  /ROOT             PCFRIEND.EXE (WIN)             PCFRIEND (MAC)             README (MAC)             README (WIN)             /COMMON               /SETUP                 LANG.INI                 SETUP_EN.BMP                 SETUP_JA.BMP                 SETUP_FR.BMP                 LIC_EN.TXT                 LIC_JA.TXT                 LIC_FR.TXT               /CONTENT                 general content (runs on multiple platforms)             /MAC               /SETUP                 PCFRIENDLY PLUG IN                 FLASH 4               /CONTENT             /WIN               /SETUP                 PCFRIEND.ICO                 INUNINST.EXE                 UPDATE.DAT               /CABINETS                 MAIN.CAB                 VIDEO.CAB                 OTHER.CAB               /THIRDPTY             /MACROMED               SWFLASH.EXE             /MSIE               /EN               /JA                      
 
      User Operation Control:  
                                                      DVD-Video   DVD-Audio   DVD-Audio +           Only   Only   Video                                                     Function   Menu   Title   Stop   AMGM   Title   Stop   AMGM   Title   Stop               TitlePlay   X   X   X       X   X   X   X   X       Title_Group_Play       PTTPlay,   X   X   X       X   X   X   X   X       TrackPlay       TimePlay   X   X   X       X   X   X   X   X       Stop   X   X           X       X   X       TimeSearch       X           X           X       PTTSearch,       X           X           X       TrackSearch       NextTrack                   X           X       PrevTrack                   X           X       NextPG   X   X                   X       PrevPG   X   X                   X       NextDisplay                               X       PrevDisplay                               X       ForwardScan   X   X           X       X   X       BackwardScan   X   X           X       X   X       Menu   X   X   X                   X   X       Resume   X                       X       Up   X   X                   X   X       Down   X   X                   X   X       Left   X   X                   X   X       Right   X   X                   X   X       Enter   X   X                   X   X       ButtonSelectand   X   X                   X   X       Activate       Pause   X   X           X       X   X       MenuLanguageSelect           X                       X       TextLanguageSelect                       X           X       AudioChange   X   X   X       X   X   X   X   X       SubpictureChange   X   X   X                   X   X       AngleChange   X   X   X                   X       ParentalLevel           X       ParentalCountry           X       VideoPresentation   X   X   X               X   X   X       Mode       KaraokeMode   X   X   X       HiddenGroupPlay                   X   X   X   X   X       HiddenTrackPlay                   X   X   X   X   X       HiddenTimePlay                   X   X   X   X   X                  
 
     User Operation Control Summary  
      AMGM (Audio Manager Menu): Optional Visual Menu defined in the Audio Manager (AMG). The Audio Manager contains the information and data to control all Audio Title Sets (ATS), all Video Title Sets (VTSs) for Audio Titles and the AMGM.  
      Enumerations:  
                                                       Item   Options   Value                                                        Domain   First Play   1               Video Manager Menu   2               Video Title Set Menu   3               Title   4               Stop   5               Unknown   −1           Menus   Title Menu   2               Root Menu   3               Subpicture Languages   4               Menu               Audio Languages Menu   5               Angle Menu   6               Chapter Menu   7           Play State   None   0               Scanning   1               Stop   2               Pause   3               Play   4               Slow   5               Step   6               Unknown   −1           Speed State   Normal Speed   0               Double Speed   1               Slow Forward Speed   2               Slow Backward Speed   3               Fast Forward Speed   4               Fast Backward Speed   5               Step Speed   6               Unknown   −1                      
 
     Enumerations  
      With reference to  FIG. 5 , a process  500  is described for providing an enhanced multimedia experience. In an operation  502 , DVD content is recorded onto a DVD disc. Then, in an operation,  504 , the HTML content is recorded onto the same disc. Thereafter, in an operation  506 , the disc is inserted into a client device. The client device can be, for example a personal computer having DVD capabilities and an Internet browser. The client device could also be a set top box. Then in an operation  508 , the DVD content is accessed by DVD software present on the client device. In a step  510 , the HTML data is accessed. The HTML content is preferably accessed by the browser software already present on the client device. The HTML content is can include data obtained via the Internet by the browser software under the direction of the HTML content recorded onto the disc. Also, the HTML content can consist of only the recorded HTML data with no need for Internet connection. Finally, in an operation  512 , the DVD content is supplemented with the HTML content to provide an enhanced multimedia event. The HTML content can be added to the DVD content in multiple ways. For example, the HTML content can be in the form of a picture within a picture, (e.g. a relatively small window within a DVD video). The HTML content could also be update data incorporated directly into a video or could be in the form of navigation commands or relevant Internet links.  
      With reference to  FIG. 6 , a general process  600  is described for enhancing DVD-content with ROM content. In an operation  602 , DVD content is recorded onto a disc. The DVD content is in the form of standard DVD content familiar to those skilled in the art. Then, in an operation  604  DVD-ROM content is generated. This content is preferably HTML encoded content which can be read and operated on by standard Internet browsers. In an operation  606 , a plurality of directories are incorporated into the DVD-ROM content. The directories allow operation with multiple user device platforms. The directories preferably include common directories which can be used on several platforms sharing common properties as well as platform specific directories for use with platforms having unique interface requirements. Thereafter, in an operation  608 , the DVD-ROM content along with the directories is recorded onto the disc. Then, in an operation  610 , the user&#39;s particular device platform is determined. This operation occurs automatically upon the user&#39;s attempt to use the disc. Then, in an operation,  612 , a directory appropriate for use with the determined user device platform is selected from among the plurality of directories. This selected directory is called using Javascript function and appropriate tags associated with the directories.  
      While the invention herein disclosed has been described by means of specific embodiments and applications thereof, numerous modifications and variations could be made thereto by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention set forth in the claims.