Patent Publication Number: US-2022230549-A1

Title: Methods and systems for generating crew and passenger friendly operations recovery solutions

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     The present application claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/139,570, entitled “METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR GENERATING CREW AND PASSENGER FRIENDLY OPERATIONS RECOVERY SOLUTIONS” and filed Jan. 20, 2021, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present specification generally relates to methods and systems for generating airline recovery scheduling solutions and, more specifically, methods and systems for generating airline recovery scheduling solutions that breaks a minimal number of original crew pairings and a minimal number of original passenger connections. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In general, airlines face disruptions to their regular scheduling operations daily due to many reasons, such as aircraft maintenance issues, inclement weather, air traffic congestion, and/or security reasons. Upon an occurrence of one or more disruptions, an airline&#39;s flight schedule for the day and beyond can become disrupted. 
     Methods and systems for providing an airline recovery scheduling solution that reduces airline cost and improves crew and passenger satisfaction would benefit airlines and passengers alike when such disruptions occur. 
     SUMMARY 
     In a first aspect, a method for generating an airline recovery scheduling solution in response to an airline scheduling disruption is provided. The method includes receiving, by a processing device, an airline recovery scheduling solution request to modify an original airline schedule operations solution based on one or more disruptive events associated with one or more airline flights, wherein the one or more disruptive events causes the airline scheduling disruption. The method further includes computing, by the processing device, a flight recovery solution based on rescheduling one or more flights with a minimum number of breaks in one or more original crew-pairings and a minimum number of breaks in one or more original passenger connections for connecting flights in order to reschedule one or more disrupted flights, generating, by the processing device, a crew recovery solution using the flight recovery solution by assigning one or more flight crews to one or more rescheduled disrupted flights, generating, by the processing device, a passenger recovery solution based on the crew recovery solution and re-assigning one or more disrupted passengers to the one or more rescheduled disrupted flights, and configuring, by the processing device, the airline recovery scheduling solution using the flight, the crew, and the passenger recovery solutions in order to transmit the airline recovery scheduling solution to an airline operations control center with the one or more disrupted flights. 
     In a second aspect, a disruption management module includes a flight recovery module configured to receive a request for an airline recovery scheduling solution from an airline scheduling system and compute a flight recovery solution based a minimal amount of breaks in original crew pairings and a minimal amount breaks in original passenger connections for reconnecting flights to reschedule one or more disrupted flights. The disruption management module further includes a crew recovery module electrically coupled and in communication with the flight recovery module and configured to receive the flight recovery solution to solve for a crew recovery solution, the crew recovery solution comprising at least one rescheduled disrupted flight with an assigned crew. The disruption management module further includes a passenger recovery module electrically coupled and in communication with the crew recovery module. The passenger recovery module is configured to generate a passenger recovery schedule solution comprising at least one disrupted passenger assigned to the rescheduled disrupted flight and transmit the airline recovery scheduling solution to the airline scheduling system. 
     In a third aspect, an airline operations system includes an airline scheduling module configured to compute and transmit an airline schedule operations solution to an airline operations control center controlling an aircraft to follow a flight plan associated with the airline schedule operations solution and requesting an airline recovery scheduling solution upon a detection of one or more disruptions to one or more airline flights. The airline operations system further includes a disruption management module coupled in communication with the airline scheduling module to receive a request for the airline recovery scheduling solution and is configured to compute an airline recovery scheduling solution based on a flight recovery solution having a minimal amount of breaks in original crew-pairings and a minimal amount of original passenger misconnections for reconnecting flights to reschedule one or more disrupted flights and transmit the airline recovery scheduling solution to the airline scheduling module. 
     Additional features and advantages of the aspects described herein will be set forth in the detailed description, which follows, and in part will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing the embodiments described herein, including the detailed description, which follows, the claims, as well as the appended drawings. 
     It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description describe various embodiments and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the claimed subject matter. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the various embodiments, and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate the various embodiments described herein, and together with the description serve to explain the principles and operations of the claimed subject matter. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The embodiments set forth in the drawings are illustrative and exemplary in nature and not intended to limit the subject matter defined by the claims. The following detailed description of the illustrative embodiments can be understood when read in conjunction with the following drawings, where like structure is indicated with like reference numerals and in which: 
         FIG. 1  schematically depicts an illustrative airline operations system of an airline operations control center organization (AOCC) that can practice one or more embodiments shown and described herein and is in communication with one or more airports to reschedule one or more disrupted flights during one or more disruptive events; 
         FIG. 2  depicts a block diagram of an illustrative AOCC system used by the AOCC of  FIG. 1 , according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein; 
         FIG. 3  depicts a block diagram of various internal hardware components of a disruption management module, according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a block diagram depicting an example disruption management module using one or more software module components to access and utilize one or more of the hardware components of  FIG. 3 , according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein; 
         FIG. 5  depicts a flow chart of an illustrative method of optimally rescheduling airline flights caused by one or more disruptive events, according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein; 
         FIG. 6  depicts an illustrative logical block diagram implementing a method of optimally rescheduling one or more airline flights caused by one or more disruptive events according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein; and, 
         FIG. 7  depicts an illustrative logical block diagram implementing a method of rescheduling airline flights caused by one or more disruptive events, according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The present disclosure relates to methods and systems for generating airline recovery scheduling solutions. The methods and systems enable commercial airlines to generate an airline recovery scheduling solution by selecting and rescheduling one or more flights based on a minimal number of breaks in existing or original crew pairings and a minimal number of breaks in existing or original passenger connections. A crew pairing solution may include one or more crew duty periods, or a sequence of connectable flight legs within the same fleet, that starts from and ends with the same crew base or origin, where the crew actually lives. It is sometimes referred to as an itinerary for the crew assigned to a specific journey. A passenger connection may include a passenger starting a flight, at an origin, and a sequence of one more connecting flights until a destination is reached. 
     When an airline disruption occurs, airline scheduling personnel must devise a new schedule that meets constraints imposed by the disruption, a process known as schedule recovery. The airline schedulers provide a flight operations recovery schedule by rerouting aircrafts, delaying and canceling flights, re-assigning crews to flights, and rerouting passengers. 
     Additionally, it requires multiple iterations to obtain a flight operations recovery schedule before being implemented by the airlines. The process for developing a flight operations recovery schedule is currently developed manually. Additionally, this manual process is time consuming and cumbersome, and may not represent the most efficient, cost effective, passenger-friendly, and/or crew-friendly means of rescheduling flights. It should be appreciated that this manual process also results in sub-optimal airline operations and significantly increases the cost of operating airlines, which are frequently pressured to find new ways to cut costs. 
     For example, in the United States, national airspace congestion is responsible for over 50% of the schedule disruptions. Aircraft subsystem failures resulting in unplanned maintenance and other airline related issues account for over 40% of the disruptions. Inclement weather and security-related issues account for the rest of the disruptions. Most disruptions are known with little lead time resulting in flight delays, cancellations, ferried aircraft, along with crew and passenger misconnections. 
     The various embodiments described herein may provide benefits to airline operation systems by generating an airline recovery scheduling solution based on selecting and rescheduling one or more flights with a minimal number of breaks in original crew pairings and a minimal number of breaks in original passenger connections. Rescheduling flights that cause a minimal number of breaks in original crew pairings and a minimal number of breaks in original passenger connections reduces airline costs. One reason for this reduced cost is that mending or creating new crew pairings is often difficult to repair once a crew pairing is broken and expensive because breaking an original crew pairing may cause one or more crew misconnections for the reminder of the journey. One more benefit may include generating a faster and more accurate airline recovery scheduling solution because the embodiments disclosed herein limit a number of iterations to search for a best version of an airline scheduling recovery solution based on a least number of flight cancellations and the least amount of delays for each delayed flight. Another benefit may include providing a passenger recovery solution that ensures that passengers are not delayed more than necessary in making their connecting flights, which in turn is a cost benefit because passengers are not missing as many connecting flights and needing to be rerouted to different flights. One more benefit to implementing one or more of the embodiments disclosed herein includes generating the flight recovery solution and crew recovery solution that is feasible without manual intervention. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 1 , there is shown an example-operating environment that includes an example of an airline operations system  10 . In some embodiments, the airline operations system  10  includes one or more aircrafts  12 , one or more airports  14 , a communications network  18 , and an Airline Operations Control Center (AOCC)  16  operating an AOCC system  20 . 
     The one or more aircrafts  12  may include one or more planes that carry one or more passengers and/or goods. The one or more aircrafts  12  may be connected to the communications network  18  and in communication with the AOCC  16 , via the AOCC system  20 , and the one or more airports  14 . 
     The one or more airports  14  may include one or more facilities to store and maintain one or more aircrafts  12 . The one or more airports  14  may include one or more network computers (not shown). Each airport  14  may be configured to with a bilateral communications link in order to communicate with the AOCC  16 , via the AOCC system  20 , and the one or more aircrafts  12 . 
     The communications network  18  may include any suitable data communication, telecommunication, wired, wireless, or other technology for facilitating communications. The communications network  18  may be used to connect any number of devices, systems, or components, including one or more networking computers are not specifically described herein. For example, the communications network  18  may use one or more of a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a personal area network (PAN), a virtual private network (VPN), the internet, a cellular network, a paging network, a private branch exchange (PBX), and/or the like. Data sent via the communications network  18  may be encrypted or unencrypted. 
     In some embodiments, the AOCC  16  may include a command, coordination, and control center for an airline with the one or more airports  14 . In one or more embodiments, the AOCC  16  may integrate one or more diverse processes relating to passenger, baggage, cargo, and aircrafts  12 . In at least one embodiment, the AOCC  16  may be responsible for transmitting and communicating the airline scheduling solution to the one or more airports  14  and the one or more aircrafts  12 . In other words, the AOCC  16  may be responsible for providing, transmitting and/or displaying the airline scheduling solution to personnel at the one or more airports  14 , the one or more aircrafts  12  and one or more related airline entities (not shown). 
     In one or more embodiments, the AOCC  16  provides each aircraft  12  with a predetermined planned route to fly with one or more passengers aboard having diverse itineraries with various connecting flights to convey them from a source airport to a destination airport. Prior to an aircraft&#39;s departure, the one or more airports  14  or the one or more aircrafts  12  may experience one or more disruptive events caused by at least one or more of: aircraft maintenance issues, inclement weather, air traffic congestions, and/or security issues. 
     In some embodiments, the AOCC system  20  of the AOCC  16  is electronically operated and maintained by the AOCC  16  or by another entity. In one embodiment, the AOCC system  20  may monitor each of the aircraft maintenance issues, inclement weather, air traffic congestions, and or security issues by receiving updates and notifications from the one or more airports  14  and the one or more aircrafts  12 . Additionally, the AOCC system  20  may monitor weather data and air traffic management data to determine or detect if the data reaches or falls below or above a predetermined threshold. In one or more embodiments, the AOCC system  20 , the aircraft  12  and/or airport  14  may identify, determine and/or detect an occurrence of the one or more disruptive event that may cause a delay or cancellation by using one more networking systems (not shown) such as a maintenance system of an aircraft, weather system surrounding a nearby airport, or a problem with air traffic management data. More specifically, the AOCC system  20  may monitor the airline scheduling solution in real time to detect and/or determine whether one or more flights are on time or delayed and any related reasons and causes for any delayed or canceled flights. 
     Still referring to  FIG. 1 , in general, the AOCC system  20  may generate an airline scheduling solution and transmit and/or display the airline scheduling solution to one or more airports along with one or more aircrafts  12 . In some embodiments, the AOCC system  20  may constantly and continuously monitor data and information related to each airport  14  and aircraft  12  for the one or more disruptive events and receive a signal or notification indicating the occurrence of one or more disruptive events along with descriptions to identify specifically the one or more disruptive events. In at least one embodiment, the AOCC system  20  may automatically generate an airline recovery scheduling solution in response to the one or more disruptive events. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , the AOCC system  20  may include routines, programs, objects, devices, modules, components, data structures, and/or the like that have the technical effect of performing particular tasks or implementing particular data types by machine-executable instructions, such as program codes executed by machines in the communications network  18 . Machine-executable instructions represent examples of codes for executing the methods disclosed herein. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , in some embodiments, the AOCC system  20  may include an airline scheduling module  22  communicatively coupled to a disruption management module  24 . In one embodiment, the airline scheduling module  22  may develop an airline scheduling solution and continuously monitors the airline schedule operation to determine or detect the occurrence of one or more disruptions, as described in greater detail herein. In return, in some embodiments, the airline scheduling module  22  may request that the disruption management module  24  provide an airline recovery scheduling solution to compensate for the disruptions. 
     In some embodiments, the airline scheduling module  22  may include routines, programs, codes, instructions, objects, components, data structures, etc. perform particular tasks that can be implemented by machine-executable instructions stored in a data storage device (not shown), and executed and processed via one or more processors (not shown) and a memory component (not shown). 
     In some embodiments, the airline scheduling module  22  may generate the airline scheduling solution as described herein. In one or more embodiments, the airline scheduling solution may sequentially solve for three operations: the flight schedule operations, the crew schedule operations and the passenger schedule operations. During the flight schedule operations, the airline scheduling module may schedule a plurality of airline flights and assign specific aircraft for every airline flight (commonly called a tail assignment). After the flight schedule operation has been determined, the airline scheduling module  22  may transmit and/or display the flight schedule and begin the crew scheduling operations. 
     During the crew scheduling operations, the airline scheduling module  22  may define crew duty periods or crew pairings that will cover all of the airline flights for a specific period of time. Next, the airline scheduling module  22  may assign specific crew members to the crew pairings and transmit the crew scheduling operations. 
     In some embodiments, the airline scheduling module  22  may initiate, any time after the flight schedule is transmitted, the passenger schedule operations. In doing so, the airline scheduling module  22  may receive passenger data for specific aircrafts  12 , wherein passengers may have purchased airline tickets for one or more seats on the airline flight and be assigned to a specific airline flight and aircraft  12  associated with the purchased airline tickets for the passenger in one or more embodiments. In one more embodiments, the airline scheduling module  22  may begin assigning passengers to the one or more aircrafts after the crew scheduling operations are complete. In some embodiments, the airline scheduling module  22  may update the passenger schedule up until passengers begin boarding onto an airline flight and transmit and/or display the passenger schedule any time before and/or during boarding. 
     Once the airline scheduling solution has been sent, the airline scheduling module  22  may monitor the airline scheduling solution to determine the occurrence of one or more disruptive events that may affect the airline schedule and thereby, cause flight delays and/or cancellations. 
     In one or more embodiments, the occurrence of one or more disruptive events may include, but is not limited to, any one or more of the following: cancelled flights, delayed arrival flights, delayed departure flights, enroot delays, crew delays, crew no shows, passenger delays, aircraft malfunctions, air traffic control, adverse weather conditions, and the like. While monitoring one or more of the disruptive events, the airline scheduling module  22  may determine or detect an occurrence of the one or more disruptive events via a notification from the one or more aircrafts  12 , the one or more airports  14  or real-time monitoring of one or more parameters such as the inclement weather conditions or air traffic control or the like. In at least one embodiment, after the one or more disruption events occurs, the airline scheduling module  22  may transmit a request or signal, to the disruption management module  24 , for the airline recovery scheduling solution. The airline scheduling module  22  will be discussed in further detail below. 
     Now referring to  FIG. 3 , a block diagram of an example disruption management module  24  in accordance with some embodiments is provided. In one or more embodiments, the disruption management module  24  may be a computing device of the airline operations system  10  and may be in the form of electronic hardware components that may be located throughout the airline operations system  10 . In some embodiments, the disruption management module  24 , for example, may be associated with other devices for implementing the processes disclosed herein. 
     In one or more embodiments, the disruption management module  24  may include communication devices  25 , a processor  26 , a memory component  28 , data storage devices  30 , output devices  27 , input devices  32 , and a local communication bus  33  along with any and all of the hardware, software, and firmware associated with the AOCC system  20  or any of one or more networked computers (not shown) associated with the airline operations system  10 . In one or more embodiments, the disruption management module  24  may include any and all of the hardware, software, and firmware associated with the airline scheduling system to perform any of the functionality of its application. In some embodiments, the disruption management module  24  may include routines, programs, codes, instructions, objects, components, data structures, etc. that performs particular tasks that can be implemented by machine-executable instructions stored in the data storage devices  30 , and executed and processed via the processor  26  and the memory component  28 . 
     In some embodiments, the communication devices  25  may be configured to receive and/or transmit data communications via the communications network  18  to another device or system, such as the airline scheduling module  22  (e.g. other examples include, but not limited to an administrator device or client device, not shown) and transmit information and data to the processor  26  and the memory component  28 . 
     In some embodiments, the processor  26  may include one or more Central Processing Units (CPUs) in the form of a one-chip microprocessors or a multi-core processor. The processor  26  may be coupled to and in communication with, via the local communication bus  33 , the memory component  28 , the communication devices  25 , the output devices  27 , and the data storage devices  30 . The processor  26  may perform and implement the instructions of the disruption management module to operate thereby in accordance with any of the embodiments described herein. The disruption management module  24  may be stored in a compressed, uncompiled, and/or encrypted format. Program instructions for the disruption management module  24  may include other program elements, such as an operating system, a database reporting system, and/or other device drivers used by the processor  26  to interface with, for example, a client, an airline administrator, and other devices (not shown in  FIG. 3 ) In some embodiments, the memory component  28  may include one or more RAM memory modules. In some embodiments, the input devices  32  may include one or more input devices  32 , such as a touchscreen, a mouse, a keyboard, and/or the like. In some embodiments, the output devices  27  may include one or more output devices  27 , such as a computer monitor display (e.g. LCD display), a touchscreen display, a printer, a scanner, a fax machine or the like. 
     In some embodiments, the data storage devices  30  may include an appropriate information storage device, including machine-readable media. In one or more embodiments, the machine-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM, or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, solid state drives, semiconductor memory devices other magnetic storage devices or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of machine-executable instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer or other machine with the processor  26 . In one or more embodiments, when information is transferred or provided over a network or another communication connection (e.g. hardwired, wireless, or a combination of hardwired and wireless) to a machine, the machine properly views the connection as a machine-readable medium, thus, any such connection is properly termed a machine-readable medium. In one embodiment, combinations of the above are also included within the scope of machine-readable media. 
     In one or more embodiments, the data storage devices  30  may store program code or instructions to control an operation of the database engine to generate a flight recovery solution that is based on selecting and rescheduling one or more disrupted flights having a minimum number of breaks in the one or more original crew pairings and a minimum number of breaks in the one or more original passenger connections of an original airline scheduling solution. In some embodiments, the data storage devices  30  may include data used by the airline operations system  10 , in some aspects, in performing one or more of the processes herein including individual processes, individual operations of those processes, and combinations of the individual processes and the individual process operations. 
     In one or more embodiments, the data stored in the data storage devices  30  may include fight related data. In one or more embodiments, the flight related data may include but not limited airline real-time and projected traffic management information data, disrupted flight information, and the like. In some embodiments, the airline traffic management information data may include airborne air traffic, airport status, demand information for aircrafts  12  arrivals and departures, traffic management plans, airport special events, etc. 
     In one or more embodiments, the data stored in the data storage devices  30  may include crew related data. In some embodiments, the crew related data may include data related to one or more on-duty crews, reserved crews, standby crews, start times, stop times, crew pairings, itineraries, salaries, and the like. In one or more embodiments, the data stored in the data storage devices  30  may include passenger related data. In some embodiments, the passenger related data may include data related to one or more passengers, passenger connections, cost of passenger&#39;s flights, and passenger itineraries, and the like. 
     In one or more embodiments, the data stored in the data storage devices  30  may include data related to airports, airlines, route information, plane information, country codes, airline timetable or flight schedule, airfares, flight tracking data, historical data, etc. 
     In some embodiments, the data stored in the data storage devices  30  may further include constraints data. In one or more embodiments, the constraints data may include one or more conditions or controls that may govern, limit and/or effect how one or flights or one or more crews may be scheduled. In one or more embodiments, the constraints data may include one or more constraints related to conditions and limitations regulating to flight time, duty time and required rest for crew members, aircraft maintenance schedules, crew member qualifications, crew vacations, crew bid requests, labor agreements, airline rules (e.g. pairing experienced crew members with more junior crew members and returning crews to their base at the end of their trip) and/or the occurrence of one or more disruptive events. In one embodiment, a constraint may include a condition that each selected reserve crew must be deadhead or travel in time to meet connection time requirements. In some embodiments, a constraint may include a condition that all flights must either be delayed or cancelled. In one or more embodiments, another constraint may include a condition that each uncovered flight must be assigned a reserve crew or cancelled as in one or more embodiments. 
     In one or more embodiments, for example, the data may comprise a persistence layer of a data system and store one or more objectives, one or more constraints, one or more flight recovery solutions, one or more crew recovery solutions, an airline scheduling solution, and/or one or more airline recovery scheduling solutions in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein. 
     As disclosed herein, information may be received by or transmitted to, for example, the airline scheduling module  22  from another device, system, a software application, or module within the airline operations system  10  from another software application, module, device, system, or any other source. 
     As shown in  FIG. 4 , an example block diagram of the disruption management module  24  may further include one or more subroutines, databases or modules, such as a constraints database  34 , a world data file database  36 , a flight recovery module  42 , a crew recovery module  44 , an uncovered flights adjustment module  46 , and a passenger recovery module  48 . In one or more embodiments, the world data file database  36  and the constraints database  34  may be located and stored within the data storage devices  30 . In some embodiments, the flight recovery module  42 , the crew recovery module  44 , the uncovered flights adjustment module  46 , and the passenger recovery module  48  may be located and stored in the memory component  28 . 
     In some embodiments, the flight recovery module  42  is communicatively coupled to the crew recovery module  44 . In at least one embodiment, the crew recovery module  44  in return is communicatively coupled to the uncovered flights adjustment module  46 . In some embodiments, the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  is communicatively coupled to the passenger recovery module  48  and the flight recovery module  42 . 
     In one or more embodiments, the flight recovery module  42  may be configured to receive input from the one or more input devices  32  and/or the communication devices  25  of the disruption management module  24 , via the local communication bus  33 . In some embodiments, the flight recovery module  42  may utilize and include at least a portion of each of the communication devices  25 , the processor  26 , the memory component  28 , the data storage devices  30 , the input devices  32  along with any and all of electronic hardware, software, and firmware associated with and located throughout the airline operations system  10  to perform any of the functionality of its application. In some embodiments, the flight recovery module  42  may include routines, programs, codes, instructions, objects, components, data structures, etc. to perform one or more particular tasks that can be implemented by machine-executable instructions stored in the data storage devices  30 , and executed and processed via the processor  26  and the memory component  28 . 
     In some embodiments, the crew recovery module  44  may be configured to communicate with the flight recovery module  42 , via the local communication bus  33 . In some embodiments, the crew recovery module  44  may utilize and include at least a portion of each of the processor  26 , the memory component  28 , the data storage devices  30 , the local communication bus  33 , and the input devices  32  along with any and all of the hardware, software, and firmware associated with the airline operations system  10  to perform any of the functionality of its application. In some embodiments, the crew recovery module  44  may include routines, programs, codes, instructions, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks that can be implemented by a program including machine-executable instructions stored in the data storage devices  30 , and executed and processed via the processor  26  and the memory component  28  via the local communication bus  33 . 
     In one or more embodiments, the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  may be in the form electronic hardware components are located throughout the airline operations system  10 . In some embodiments, the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  may utilize and include the processor  26 , memory component  28 , the data storage devices  30 , the input devices  32  along with any and all of the hardware, software, and firmware associated with the airline operations system  10  to perform any of the functionality of its application. The uncovered flights adjustment module  46  may receive input from one or more of the input devices  32  and the communication devices  25  of the disruption management module  24 . The uncovered flights adjustment module may receive flight data and crew data from the data storage devices  30 . In some embodiments, the uncovered flights adjustment module may be configured to output an airline recovery scheduling request along recommending delaying or cancelling one or more uncovered flights. 
     In one or more embodiments, the passenger recovery module  48  may be in communication with the uncovered flights adjustment module  46 . The passenger recovery module  48  may be in the form electronic hardware components are located throughout the airline operations system  10 . In some embodiments, the passenger recovery module  48  may utilize and include the processor  26 , the memory component  28 , the data storage devices  30 , the output devices  27  along with any and all of the hardware, software, and firmware associated with the airline operations system  10  to perform any of the functionality of its application. The passenger recovery module  48  may receive data from the uncovered flights adjustment module  46 , the constraints database  34 , and the world data file database  36 , and transmit data via the output devices  27  and the communication devices  25 . 
     In one or more embodiments, the constraints and the world data file databases  34 ,  36  may each include a relational database, a multi-dimensional database, an extendable Markup Language (XML) document, or any other data storage system storing structured and/or unstructured database. In one or more embodiments, the constraints and world data file databases  34 ,  36  may include a distributed database system having data distributed among several relational databases, multi-dimensional databases and/or other data sources, an object oriented database, a hybrid database, and other types of database management systems including an in-memory database system that can be provided in a “cloud.” In one or more embodiments, the constraints and world data file databases  34 ,  36  may be stored in the data storage devices  30 . In one or more embodiments, the world data file databases  36  may include the flight related data, the crew related data, and the passenger related data. In some embodiments, the constraints database  34  may include the constraints related data. 
     Now referring to  FIG. 5 , an example flowchart illustrating an example method  100  of the example system for generating an airline recovery scheduling solution using the example disruption management module  24  is shown. At block  110 , the disruption management module  24  may be configured to receive a request for an airline recovery solution via the communication devices  25  from the airline scheduling module  22 . The airline scheduling module  22  may continuously monitor the airline schedule for any kind of disturbances that may affect an original airline schedule. Once one or more disturbances are observed, reported or detected by one or more airports  14 , one or more aircrafts  12 , or the airline scheduling module  22 , the airline scheduling module  22  may transmit the request for an airline recovery scheduling solution to the disruption management module  24  in order to modify the original airline scheduling solution based on an occurrence of the one or more disruptive events. 
     In one or more embodiments, the disruption management module  24  may receive the request for the airline recovery scheduling solution to modify the airline scheduling solution in response to an airline scheduling disruption. In doing so, in some embodiments, the disruption management module  24  may solve for the airline recovery scheduling solution by sequentially solving for a flight recovery solution, a crew recovery solution, and a passenger recovery solution. Alternatively, the disruption management module  24  may solve for the airline recovery scheduling solution by simultaneously solving for the flight recovery solution and the crew recovery solution, then solving for the passenger recovery solution. 
     In some embodiments, in block  120 , the disruption management module may generate, using the processor  26  and the memory component  28 , a flight recovery solution and a crew recovery solution based on the request for the airline recovery scheduling solution and the occurrence of the one or more disruptive events. More specifically, the disruption management module  24  may be configured to retrieve flight data from the world data file database  36  of the data storage devices  30 , via the local communication bus  33 , and compute, generate, and/or formulate a flight recovery solution, using the processor  26  and the memory component  28 . In one or more embodiments, the flight recovery solution may include one or more rescheduled flights that were affected by the one or more disruption events in order to modify the original airline scheduling solution. In rescheduling the one or more disrupted flights, the disruption management module  24  may delay or cancel one or more of the disrupted flights. 
     After computing the flight recovery solution, the disruption management module  24  may sequentially generate, compute, and/or formulate a crew recovery solution, using the processor  26  and the memory component  28 , based on the flight recovery solution and the crew related data stored within the data storage devices  30 . The disruption management module  24  may generate, using the processor  26  and the memory component  28 , the crew recovery solution by assigning one or more disrupted crews to one or more rescheduled flights. In at least one embodiment, the crew recovery solution may include covered flights and uncovered flights. In some embodiments, a covered flight may include a rescheduled flight with an assigned crew. In one or more embodiments, an uncovered flight may include a rescheduled flight without an assigned crew. 
     In some embodiments, at block  130 , the disruption management module  24  may iteratively generate one or more recommendations for delaying or canceling uncovered flights and transmit one or more requests for subsequent airline recovery scheduling solutions along with one or more iteratively generated recommendations. More specifically, in at least one embodiment, the disruption management module  24  may receive the crew recovery solution and determine whether the crew recovery solution is feasible. In some embodiments, if the crew recovery solution contains uncovered flights, then the disruption management module  24  may determine that the crew recovery solution is not feasible because, in general, any flight without an assigned crew cannot be flown. In some embodiments, if the disruption management module  24  determines there are one or more uncovered flights, the method  100  proceeds to block  140 . 
     At block  140 , the disruption management module  24  may iteratively generate one or more subsequent flight and crew recovery solutions based on the iteratively generated recommendations and determine a best recovery solution for the airline recovery scheduling solution. The best recovery solution may include a crew recovery solution along with a corresponding flight recovery solution having rescheduled flights with the least amount of delays for one or more delayed flights and the least amount of flight cancellations over an iteration period. The iteration period may include a predetermined start time for the beginning of an optimization process until a predetermined end time for ending the optimization process has been reached or a maximum iteration value has been reached. The disruption management module  24  may continue to search for the best recovery solution, using the processor  26  and the memory component  28 , by iteratively generating recommendations and the one or more subsequent flight and crew recovery solutions in a closed loop until the crew recovery solution includes only covered flights and/or an iteration threshold is reached. Using the best recovery solution, the disruption management module  24  may generate a passenger recovery solution based on the best recovery solution such that the disruption management module  24  may assign one or more disrupted passengers to the one or more covered flights. After generating the passenger recovery solution, the disruption management module  24  may formulate the airline recovery scheduling solution using the best recovery solution and the passenger recovery solution and proceed to block  150 . 
     At block  150 , the disruption management module  24  may transmit the airline recovery scheduling solution to the airline scheduling module  22 , one or more airports  14  and/or one or more aircrafts  12 . 
     Now referring to  FIG. 6 , a flowchart is provided in order to provide a more detailed discussion of the one or more embodiments of a method  200  using the airline operations system  10 . At block  210 , in one embodiment, upon indication of the occurrence of the one or more disruption events, the airline scheduling module  22  may transmit the request for the airline recovery scheduling solution to the flight recovery module  42 . The airline scheduling module  22  may transmit the request for the airline recovery scheduling solution based on a notification from the one or more aircrafts  12 , the one or more airports  14 , and/or a real-time detection of one or more delayed or cancelled flights indicating the occurrence of the one or more disruption events. 
     At block  220 , the flight recovery module  42  may be configured to receive one or more requests, via the communication devices  25 , for an airline recovery scheduling solution to modify an original airline operations scheduling solution to meet new constraints imposed by the occurrence of one or more disruptions. Once the request is received, the flight recovery module  42  electronically retrieves and, using the processor  26  and the memory component  28 , reads flight data and non-fly crew data of the world data file database  36 , via the local communication bus  33 . In doing so, in some embodiments, the flight recovery module  42  may delay one or more previously scheduled flights and determine a delay amount associated with one or more delayed flights. In one embodiment, the flight recovery module  42  may determine whether one or more of the disrupted flights may be canceled, and if necessary, cancel one or more of the disrupted flights. In at least one embodiment, the flight recovery module  42  may swap any aircraft  12  with another aircraft  12 . In one embodiment, the flight recovery module  42  may determine whether one or more ferries may be used. In some embodiments, the flight recovery module  42  may add one or more flights to the flight recovery solution. In other words, based on the flight data, the constraints and any objective functions, the flight recovery module  42  may reschedule one or more disrupted flights by delaying, cancelling, swapping, and or ferrying the one or more disrupted flights. 
     In one or more embodiments, using the data for flight delays, flight cancellations, aircraft swaps, ferries and the constraints, the flight recovery module  42  may also configure one or more cost of alternative solutions for delaying or canceling the one or more disrupted flights. In one embodiment, the costs may include flight costs and crew costs. In some embodiments, the flight costs may include airport cost of approach and taxing, service costs, an average maintenance costs for a type of aircraft, fuel cost, etc. In one or more embodiments, the crew costs may include an average or real salary cost of select crews, hotel costs, and extra-crew travel costs. Knowing each of the above-mentioned costs allows the flight recovery module to select the most cost efficient and productive flight recovery solution that provides for the most efficient use of resources in order to recover from the one or more disruptions to the original airline scheduling solution. One of the goals of an airline is to run a cost efficient model. Thus, in general, the most cost effective model may be selected as the flight recovery solution. 
     Using the flight data, cost data, and the constraints data, the flight recovery module  42  generates, compiles, and formulates, using the processor  26  and the memory component  28 , the flight recovery solution having one or more rescheduled flights that were affected by the one or more disruptive events. For example, the flight recovery solution may include one or more flight delays, one or more flight cancellations, one or more added flights, and one or more swapped flights. After solving for the flight recovery solution at block  220 , the flight recovery module  42  may transmit, using the processor  26  and the memory component  28 , a request for a crew recovery solution along with the flight recovery solution, via the local communication bus  33 , to the crew recovery module  44  at block  230 . 
     At block  230 , the crew recovery module  44  may receive, using the processor  26  and the memory component  28 , the request for the crew recovery solution and the flight recovery solution, via the local communication bus  33 , then solve, using the processor  26  and the memory component  28 , for the crew recovery solution based on the flight recovery solution. The crew recovery solution may be solved by re-assigning one or more disrupted flight crews to one or more rescheduled flights, and transmitting, using the processor  26  and the memory component  28 , the crew recovery solution to the uncovered flights adjustment module  46 , via the local communication bus  33  and the method  200  proceeds to block  240 . 
     At block  240 , the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  may save the flight and crew recovery solutions as a best recovery solution in some embodiments. In one or more embodiments, the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  may optimize and/or improve the flight recovery solution by iteratively searching for one or more flight and crew recovery solutions to identify the best recovery solution over an iteration period until the iteration maximum value is reached. The iteration period may include a period of time from which the iteration value is incremented from 0 to 1, the start of the optimization process, until either the iteration value is reset to 0 or the iteration value exceeds the maximum iteration value, the end of the optimization process. In one embodiment, the best recovery solution may include a saved crew recovery solution having a greatest number of covered flights, a least amount of flight delays, a lowest number of cancellations, and no uncovered flights. In some embodiments, the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  may compare a saved best recovery solution to a subsequent crew recovery solution to determine whether the subsequent crew recovery solution includes less delay amounts for delayed flights, fewer flight cancellations than the saved crew recovery solution, and no uncovered flights. 
     Upon receipt of the crew recovery solution, the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  compares, using the processor  26  and the memory component  28 , the crew recovery solution to the saved best recovery solution. The best recovery solution may include a combined recovery solution having previously determined flight and crew solutions produced and saved during a same iteration count. If there is no previously saved crew recovery solution, the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  may save received flight and crew recovery solutions as the best recovery solution and determines whether an iteration value has reached the maximum iteration amount. 
     Once the best recovery solution has been saved at block  250 , the uncovered flights adjustment module may determine whether the iteration value has reached it maximum at block  250  in some embodiments. If no, then the method  200  proceeds to block  260 . If yes, then method  200  proceeds to block  300 . 
     At block  260 , the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  iteratively searches for the best recovery solution by determining whether the iteration value is equal to 0 or a predetermined number. If no, then proceed to block  270 . If yes, then proceed to block  280 . In one or more embodiments, in order to search for the best recovery solution, the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  determines whether to invoke a delay model at block  270  or an optimization model at block  280 . In some embodiments, if the iteration value is not equal to 0, the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  may invoke the delay model and proceed to block  270 . In one or more embodiments, the delay model may include identifying and obtaining all uncovered flights in the crew recovery solution, incrementing a delay value for all of the uncovered flights and formulating a recommendation based on the delayed model for each all of the uncovered flights. 
     In some embodiments, if the iteration value equals to 0, the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  may invoke the optimization model and proceed to block  280 . In at least one embodiment, at block  280 , the optimization model may include identifying and obtaining one or more uncovered flights in the crew recovery solution, generating a set of potential deadhead flights, generating a set of reserve/standby crews that can be assigned to the one or more uncovered flights with or without deadheading to an origin station of the one or more uncovered flights and formulating a recommendation for each of the one or more uncovered flights whether to delay or cancel each of one or more uncovered flights. A crewmember may be deadheading if a crewmember is flying in a passenger seat and not working as part of an assigned crew for a specific flight, such that the crewmember is being reposition by the airline as part of the workday. A cost of deadheading may include a cost associated with having the crewmember assigned to a flight as a passenger instead of being a working member of the flight. 
     In some embodiments, the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  may include an optimizing model component for modeling one or more scenarios for delaying uncovered rescheduled flights with the reserved crew and/or the standby crew. In one embodiment, the optimizing model component may use one or more algorithms to process an incoming flight and crew recovery solutions to generate, calculate, and determine whether to cancel or delay one or more uncovered flights. The one or more algorithms may include using a mathematical program or simulation, such as an orchestration math program, where the particular optimization algorithm executed by the uncovered flights adjustment module may depend on a user specific selection or preference, a complexity of the optimization being performed or a combination thereof. In one or more embodiments, the orchestration programming solver may determine whether a delay or cancellation is needed for each of the uncovered flights. In one embodiment, in providing a recommendation to modify a flight recovery solution for the uncovered flights, orchestration math program solver may minimize a cost collection of delay cost, cancellations costs, deadheading costs. 
     In some embodiments, using data for uncovered flights, reserve and standby crews, and one or more scheduled flights to deadhead one or more reserve and standby crews, the orchestration math program solver may compute the recommendation for each of the uncovered flights that includes an optimal delay or cancellation configuration that will allow the subsequent flight recovery solution to include a maximum number of rescheduled flights with assigned crews using the reserve and/or standby crews. In at least one embodiment, for each recommended delayed flight, the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  may also determine a delay amount associated with each delayed flight. 
     At block  290 , the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  may formulate a recommendation based on the delayed model for all of the uncovered flights and transmits the recommendation along with a request, using the processor  26  and the memory component  28 , for an airline recovery scheduling solution to the flight recovery module  42 . Along with the recommendation, the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  may produce a request for a subsequent airline recovery scheduling solution with delayed and/or cancelled flight recommendations to be transmitted to the flight recovery module  42 . 
     Using the request and recommendations, the flight recovery module  42  starts to repeat and proceed to block  220  using the request and the recommendations to produce a subsequent or second flight recovery solution and transits the subsequent or second flight recovery solution to the crew recovery module  44 . Again, at block  240 , the crew recovery module  44 , in turn, solves and transmits a subsequent or second crew recovery solution. 
     In some embodiments, the uncovered flights adjustment module  46 , the flight recovery module  42 , and the crew recovery module  44  may be configured in a closed loop feedback system until the maximum iteration value is reached; the output of the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  is an input to the flight recovery module  42 ; in turn, the output of the flight recovery module  42  is an input to the crew recovery module  44 ; and the output of the crew recovery module  44  is an input to the uncovered flights adjustment module  46 . The output of the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  provides feedback into the flight recovery module  42  and the flight recovery module  42  may re-determine the flight recovery solution or a subsequent flight recovery solution using the recommendation to delay or cancel any uncovered flight rescheduled based on a previous flight recovery solution. Likewise, output of the flight recovery module  42  is an input into the crew recovery module  44  and is used to produce a subsequent crew recovery solution. The output of the flight recovery module  42  is once again inputted into the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  until the maximum threshold has been reached. Once the maximum threshold is reached, the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  transmits the best recovery solution wherein the best recovery solution includes a crew recovery solution generated, calculated or determined to have a least amount of cancellation flights and a least amount of delay for one or more covered delayed flights based on the minimized cost of a collection of costs over the period of time. 
     At block  300 , in some embodiments, the passenger recovery module  48  may receive the best recovery solution and assign one or more disrupted passengers previously scheduled on one or more covered flights and solve for the passenger recovery solution. At block  310 , the passenger recovery module  48  may publish the airline recovery scheduling solution. More specifically, the passenger recovery module  48  may generate, store, and transmit the airline recovery scheduling solution based the best recovery solution and the passenger recovery solution to other devices (such as a display), the one or more airports  14 , one or more aircrafts  12 , and/or one or more systems (e.g. a database management system, the airline scheduling module  22 ). 
     While the above-mentioned examples use reserved/standby crews to determine recommendations for uncovered rescheduled flight delays/cancellations, in some embodiments, the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  may provide recommendations using all disrupted crews in determining whether to assign a crew to an uncovered flight if a specific crew could rerouted to cover the uncovered flights in time. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7 , an example flow chart of a method  400  using the airline operations system  10  is now discussed. At block  410 , the flight recovery module  42  receives, using the processor  26  and the memory component  28 , a request for an airline recovery flight solution needed to modify an original airline schedule to meet new constraints imposed by one or more disruptions from an airline scheduling module. In one or more embodiments, an originally scheduled crew pairing may include one or more crew duty periods or crew pairings that were originally scheduled to cover all of the airline flights for a specific period of time prior to the occurrence to the one or more disruptive events. A passenger connection may include a start or origin connection of passenger flight or itinerary may and one or more connecting flight segments to reach a destination. A passenger misconnection may include one or more breaks in the passenger&#39;s original flight itinerary or one or more connecting flights. 
     At block  420 , the flight recovery module  42  generates a crew and passenger friendly objective function that penalizes delayed flights that breaks one or more original crew-pairings and one or more original passenger connections associated with the original airline scheduling solution. A user (e.g. administrator) or another entity (e.g. airline) may input the objective function to preset one or more objective values. In one or more embodiments, the crew friendly objective may consider one or more costs including flight delay costs, flight cancellation costs, and ferry aircraft costs. A ferry aircraft is an aircraft that needs to be moved without passengers from one airport  14  to another airport  14  in order to satisfy a flight recovery solution. Thus, ferry aircraft costs relate to costs associated with flying the one or more aircrafts  12  from one airport  14  to another airport  14  without passengers in order to satisfy the flight recovery solution. 
     In some embodiments, the flight recovery module  42  may generate one or more flight recovery scenarios to determine a crew and passenger friendly flight recovery solution for the airline recovery scheduling solution by generating a flight recovery solution that is focused on minimizing a number of breaks in original crew pairings and a number of breaks in original passenger connections. In some embodiments, a crew-friendly flight recovery solution may include a flight recovery solution with the least amount of breaks in an original crew pairing of the original airline scheduling solution prior to the one or more disruptions. In one or more embodiments, a passenger-friendly flight recovery solution may include a flight recovery solution having a least possible number of breaks in original passenger connections of the original airline scheduling solution prior to the one or more disruptions. 
     In one or more embodiments, the flight recovery module  42  may include a crew and passenger program modeling component (not shown) in order to generate the one or more flight scenarios. In one embodiment, the crew and passenger friendly program modeling component may include computing the flight recovery solution based on the minimal amount of breaks in original crew pairing and the minimal amount of breaks in original passenger connections of the original airline scheduling solution. More specifically, in one or more embodiments, the crew and passenger friendly program modeling component may include a mathematical optimization model. In some embodiments, the mathematical optimization model may be formulated using a network flow math program, such as a mixed integer linear program solver. In some embodiments, the mixed integer linear program solver may include an objective function and one or more constraints to solve for the flight recovery solution. In one or more embodiments, the mixed integer linear program solver may minimize a collection of costs including flight delays, flight cancellations, added flights, swapped flights, and added ferries. In some embodiments, the flight recovery module  42  may generate the objective function that penalizes flights delays, flight cancellations, tail swaps, aircraft ferries, crew-pairing violations, and/or passenger misconnections. 
     Additionally, the objective function may be subject to one or more of the following constraints regarding crew pairings: assigning a cost amount to each delayed flight having one or more crew pairings breaks, assigning a cost amount to each delayed flight without breaking the one or more crew pairings, and increasing the cost amount to each delayed flight having broken crew pairings as a number of broken crew pairings increases. The cost amount assigned to the each delayed flight without breaking original crew pairings is selected to be substantially higher than the cost amount assigned to the each delayed flight with broken crew pairings in order to discourage the network math program solver from using or selecting flights that break original crew pairings and, promote and encourage flights that with minimal or no breaks in original crew pairings. 
     Likewise, the objective function may also be subject to one or more of the following constraints related to the one or more passenger misconnections: assigning a cost amount to each delayed flight having one or more passenger misconnections, assigning a cost amount to each delayed flight without having the one or more passenger connections and the cost amount for each delayed flight with one or more passenger misconnections must be greater than the cost amount for each delayed flight without the one or more passenger misconnections. 
     At block  430 , the flight recovery module  42  formulates a flight recovery solution using the objective, the constraints, and a modeling component to simulate one or more scenarios such that the flight recovery solution is based on a scenario with a minimal cost of a collection of flight delay costs, flight cancellation costs, and ferry costs. The flight recovery module  42  may retrieve the flight data from the world data file database  36  and the constraints from the constraints database  34  in order to use in the modeling component to determine the flight recovery solution. The flight recovery solution may include one or more rescheduled delayed flights, one or more canceled flights, and one or more ferried aircrafts to transfer between locations to position one or more aircrafts  12  to be assigned for one or more scheduled flights. 
     In doing so, in some embodiments, the flight recovery module  42  may delay one or more previously scheduled flights and determine a delay amount associated with delayed flights. In one embodiment, the flight recovery module  42  may determine whether any one or more of the disrupted flights may be canceled, and if necessary, cancel the one or more disrupted flights. In at least one embodiment, the flight recovery module  42  may swap any aircraft with another aircraft. In one embodiment, the flight recovery module  42  may determine whether one or more ferries may be used. In some embodiments, the flight recovery module  42  may add one or more flights to the flight recovery solution. In other words, based on the flight data, the constraints and the objective function, the flight recovery module  42  may reschedule one or more disrupted flights by delaying, cancelling, swapping, and or ferrying the one or more disrupted flights. 
     In one or more embodiments, using the data for flight delays, flight cancellations, aircraft swaps, ferries and the constraints, the flight recovery module  42  may also configure one or more cost alternative solutions for delaying or canceling the one or more disrupted flights. In one embodiment, the costs may include flight costs and crew costs. In some embodiments, the flight costs may include airport cost of approach and taxing, service costs, an average maintenance costs for a type of aircraft, fuel cost, etc. In one or more embodiments, the crew costs may include an average or real salary cost of select crews, hotel costs, and extra-crew travel costs. Knowing each of the above-mentioned costs allows the flight recovery module  42  to select the most cost efficient and productive flight recovery solution that provides for the most efficient use of resources in order to recover from the one or more disruptions to the original airline scheduling solution. One of the goals of an airline is to run a cost efficient model. Thus, in general, a most cost effective model based on selecting flights with the least amount of breaks in original crew pairings and the least amount of breaks in original passenger connections may be selected as the flight recovery solution. 
     After solving the flight recovery solution, the flight recovery module  42  transmits the flight recovery solution and a request for a crew recovery solution to the crew recovery module  44 . At block  440 , the crew recovery module  44  generates the crew recovery solution based on the flight recovery solution. More specifically, the crew recovery module  44  assigns one or more disrupted crews to the one or more reschedule flights to determine the crew recovery solution in some embodiments. In one or more embodiments, the crew recovery module  44  may assign disrupted and/or reserved airline crews to the rescheduled flights to produce a crew recovery solution. In at least one embodiment, the scheduled airline crew may include any crew directly affected by the occurrence of the one or more disruptive events. 
     The crew recovery solution may include covered and uncovered flights. A covered flight may include a rescheduled flight with an assigned crew. On the other hand, an uncovered flight may include a rescheduled flight without an assigned crew. The crew recovery module  44  may transmit the crew recovery solution to the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  at block  450 . 
     At block  450 , the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  receives the crew recovery solution and determines whether the crew recovery solution is feasible. If the crew recovery solution includes uncovered flights, then the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  may determine that the crew recovery solution is not feasible because a rescheduled flight without an assigned crew cannot be flown. If the crew recovery solution includes only covered flights, then the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  may determine that the crew recovery solution is feasible because all of the rescheduled flights can be flown because each flight has an assigned crew. 
     Thus, at block  450 , a determination is made of whether the crew recovery solution is feasible. If yes, then proceed to block  460 . If no, then proceed to block  480 . At block  480 , the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  optimally determines which uncovered flights to delay or cancel and transmits a recommendation and request to re-solve or formulate a subsequent flight recovery solution based on the recommendations and the object function. After the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  generates the recommendation, the uncovered flights adjustment module  46  transmits the recommendation and a subsequent request for the airline recovery scheduling solution and the method proceed to again to block  430  for further processing. 
     At block  460 , the passenger recovery module  48  receives the crew recovery module  44 . In return, the passenger recovery module  48  may solve and generate the passenger recovery solution by assigning disrupted passengers to the covered flights and proceed to block  470 . At block  470 , the passenger recovery module  48  may compile and generate the airline recovery scheduling solution based on the flight, crew and passenger recovery solutions and transmit the airline recovery scheduling solution to the one or more airports  14  and the one or more aircrafts  12 . 
     It is noted that the terms “substantially” and “about” may be utilized herein to represent the inherent degree of uncertainty that may be attributed to any quantitative comparison, value, measurement, or other representation. These terms are also utilized herein to represent the degree by which a quantitative representation may vary from a stated reference without resulting in a change in the basic function of the subject matter at issue. 
     While particular embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it should be understood that various other changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed subject matter. Moreover, although various aspects of the claimed subject matter have been described herein, such aspects need not be utilized in combination. It is therefore intended that the appended claims cover all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of the claimed subject matter. 
     Further aspects of the invention are provided by the subject matter of the following clauses: 
     1. A method for generating an airline recovery scheduling solution in response to an airline scheduling disruption, the method comprising; receiving, by a processing device, an airline recovery scheduling solution request to modify an original airline schedule operations solution based on one or more disruptive events associated with one or more airline flights, wherein the one or more disruptive events causes the airline scheduling disruption, computing, by the processing device, a flight recovery solution based on rescheduling one or more flights with a minimum number of breaks in one or more original crew-pairings and a minimum number of breaks in one or more original passenger connections for connecting flights in order to reschedule one or more disrupted flights, generating, by the processing device, a crew recovery solution using the flight recovery solution by assigning one or more flight crews to one or more rescheduled disrupted flights, generating, by the processing device, a passenger recovery solution based on the crew recovery solution and re-assigning one or more disrupted passengers to the one or more rescheduled disrupted flights, and configuring, by the processing device, the airline recovery scheduling solution using the flight, the crew, and the passenger recovery solutions in order to transmit the airline recovery scheduling solution to an airline operations control center with the one or more disrupted flights. 
     2. The method of any preceding clause, wherein computing the flight recovery schedule further comprises: generating, by the processing device, one or more modeling scenarios to compute the flight recovery solution, wherein the flight recovery solution is determined based on a minimal cost collection of flight delay costs, flight cancellation costs, and ferry costs. 
     3. The method of any preceding clause, wherein computing the flight recovery schedule further comprises: generating, by the processing device, an objective function that penalizes flight delays, cancellations, tail swaps, aircraft ferries, crew pairing violations, and passenger misconnections; and computing, by the processing device, the flight recovery solution using the objective function and the one or more modeling scenarios. 
     4. The method of any preceding clause, wherein computing, by the processing device, the flight recovery solution further comprises: assigning, by the processing device, a cost amount to each of flight delay, flight cancellation, tail swap, aircraft ferry, crew pairing, and passenger misconnections. 
     5. The method of any preceding clause, wherein assigning, by the processing device, the cost amount includes at least one of: assigning, by the processing device, a cost amount to each delayed flight having one or more original crew pairings breaks; assigning, by the processing device, a cost amount to each delayed flight without breaking one or more original crew pairings; and increasing, using the processing device, the cost amount to each delayed flight having broken crew pairings as a number of broken crew pairings increases. 
     6. The method of any preceding clause, wherein the cost amount assigned to the each delayed flight without breaking the one or more original crew pairings is substantially higher than the cost amount assigned to the each delayed flight with breaks in the one or more original crew pairings. 
     7. The method of any preceding clause, wherein assigning the cost amount includes: assigning, by the processing device, a cost amount to each delayed flight having one or more passenger misconnections; and assigning, by the processing device, a cost amount to each delayed flight without having the one or more passenger connections, wherein the cost amount for each delayed flight with the one or more passenger misconnections is greater than the cost amount for each delayed flight without the one or more passenger misconnections. 
     8. A disruption management module comprising: a flight recovery module configured to receive a request for an airline recovery scheduling solution from an airline scheduling system and compute a flight recovery solution based a minimal amount of breaks in original crew pairings and a minimal amount breaks in original passenger connections for reconnecting flights to reschedule one or more disrupted flights; a crew recovery module electrically coupled and in communication with the flight recovery module and configured to receive the flight recovery solution to solve for a crew recovery solution, the crew recovery solution comprising at least one rescheduled disrupted flight with an assigned crew; and a passenger recovery module electrically coupled and in communication with the crew recovery module, the passenger recovery module configured to: generate a passenger recovery schedule solution comprising at least one disrupted passenger assigned to the rescheduled disrupted flight, and transmit the airline recovery scheduling solution to the airline scheduling system. 
     9. The disruption management module of any preceding clause, wherein the flight recovery module is further configured to generate at least one or more modeling scenarios to compute the flight recovery solution, wherein the flight recovery solution is determined based on a minimal cost collection of flight delay costs, flight cancellation costs, and ferry costs. 
     10. The disruption management module of any preceding clause, wherein the flight recovery module is further configured to generate an objective function that penalizes flight delays, cancellations, tail swaps, aircraft ferries, crew pairing violations, and passenger misconnections, and compute the flight recovery solution using the objective function and the one or more modeling scenarios. 
     11. The disruption management module of any preceding clause, wherein computing the flight recovery solution further comprises: assigning a cost amount to each of flight delay, cancellation, tail swap, aircraft ferry, one or more crew pairings violations and one or more passenger misconnections. 
     12. The disruption management module of any preceding clause, wherein assigning the cost amount comprises: assigning to each delayed flight a predetermined cost; assigning to each delayed flight having one or more original crew pairings breaks is given a higher cost than the delayed flight without breaking the one or more original crew pairings; and assigning the predetermined cost of a delayed flight is increased as an amount of broken crew pairings for the delayed flight increases. 
     13. The disruption management module of any preceding clause, wherein assigning the cost amount comprises: assigning a cost amount to each delayed flight with one or more passenger misconnections; and assigning a cost amount to each delayed flight without the one or more passenger misconnections, wherein the cost amount for each delayed flight with the one or more passenger misconnections is substantially greater than the cost amount for a delayed flight without the one or more passenger misconnections, and increasing the cost amount to each delayed flight with the one or more passenger misconnections as a number of passenger misconnections increases. 
     14. An airline operations system comprising: an airline scheduling module configured to compute and transmit an airline schedule operations solution to an airline operations control center controlling an aircraft to follow a flight plan associated with the airline schedule operations solution and requesting an airline recovery scheduling solution upon a detection of one or more disruptions to one or more airline flights; and a disruption management module coupled in communication with the airline scheduling module to receive a request for the airline recovery scheduling solution and is configured to: compute an airline recovery scheduling solution based on a flight recovery solution having a minimal amount of breaks in original crew-pairings and a minimal amount of original passenger misconnections for reconnecting flights to reschedule one or more disrupted flights, and transmit the airline recovery scheduling solution to the airline scheduling module. 
     15. The airline operations system of any preceding clause, wherein the disruption management module is further configured to generate at least one or more modeling scenarios to compute the flight recovery solution, wherein the flight recovery solution is determined based on a minimal collection of flight delay costs, flight cancellation costs, and ferry costs. 
     16. The airline operations system of any preceding clause, wherein the disruption management module is further configured to generate an objective function that penalizes flight delays, cancellations, tail swaps, aircraft ferries, crew pairing violations, and passenger misconnections, and compute the flight recovery solution using the objective function and the one or more modeling scenarios. 
     17. The airline operations system of any preceding clause, wherein the disruption management module is further configured to assign a cost amount to each of flight delay, cancellation, tail swap, aircraft ferry, crew pairings, and passenger misconnections. 
     18. The airline operations system of any preceding clause, wherein assigning the cost amount further comprises: assigning to each delayed flight a predetermined cost; assigning to each delayed flight having one or more original crew pairings breaks is given a higher cost than the delayed flight without breaking the one or more original crew pairings; and assigning the predetermined cost of a delayed flight is increased as an amount of broken original crew pairings for the delayed flight increases. 
     19. The airline operations system of any preceding clause, wherein assigning the cost amount further comprises: assigning a cost amount to each delayed flight with one or more passenger misconnections; and assigning a cost amount to each delayed flight without the one or more passenger misconnections, wherein the cost amount for each delayed flight with the one or more passenger misconnections is substantially greater than the cost amount for a delayed flight without the one or more passenger misconnections, and increasing the cost amount to each delayed flight with the one or more passenger misconnections as a number of passenger misconnections increases. 
     20. The airline operations system of any preceding clause, wherein the disruption management module solves for a crew recovery solution using the flight recovery solution by assigning one or more disruptive crews to one or more rescheduled disrupted flights, wherein the crew recovery solution includes the one or more rescheduled disrupted flights with an assigned crew and the one or more rescheduled disrupted flights without the assigned crew such that the disruption management module optimally determines whether to delay or cancel each of the one or more rescheduled disrupted flights without the assigned crew.