Patent Publication Number: US-2023148790-A1

Title: Drinkware container with active temperature control

Description:
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE TO ANY PRIORITY APPLICATIONS 
     Any and all applications for which a foreign or domestic priority claim is identified in the Application Data Sheet as filed with the present application are hereby incorporated by reference under 37 CFR 1.57. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Field 
     The invention is directed to dishware and drinkware and food containers, such as plates, mugs, soup containers and lunch boxes, and more particularly to actively heated or cooled dishware and drinkware and food containers. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     Dishware (e.g., plates, bowls), serverware (e.g., platters, serving dishes, hot plates) and drinkware (e.g., cups, mugs, travel mugs, liquid containers, baby bottles, drinking bottles) are sometimes made of ceramic materials. Plates are sometimes heated by placing into an oven, so that the food on the plate can be maintained warm for a longer time than if the plate was not heated. For example, in some restaurants, plates will be heated prior to food being placed thereon, or simultaneously with the food (e.g., a steak) thereon. For example, a plate holding a steak can be placed into an oven to cook the steak, and once removed the plate maintains the food warm for a while. In some instances, a plate or bowl might also be chilled to maintain food thereon cold for a longer period of time (e.g., salad, gazpacho) than if the plate was not chilled. However, such heating and cooling mechanisms are passive mechanisms that rely on the release of heat, in the case of a heated plate, or the absorption of heat, in the case of a chilled plate, by the plate based on the heat transfer properties of the ceramic material. 
     However, technology for actively heating, or cooling, dishwasher safe dishware or drinkware or food containers is not readily available. Accordingly, there is a need for dishware (e.g., plates, bowls), serverware (e.g., platters, serving dishes, hot plates), drinkware (e.g., cups, mugs, travel mugs, liquid containers, baby bottles, drinking bottles) and food containers (e.g. lunch boxes, soup containers) that can be actively heated or cooled during use. 
     SUMMARY 
     In accordance with one embodiment, an actively heated mug or travel mug is provided. The actively heated mug or travel mug comprises a body having a receiving portion for receiving and holding a liquid and a heating system. The heating system comprises one or more heating elements configured to heat one or more surfaces of the receiving portion of the body, one or more power storage elements, and a wireless power receiver configured to wirelessly receive power from a power source. The heating system further comprises control circuitry electrically connected to the wireless power receiver, the control circuitry configured to charge the one or more power storage elements and to control the delivery of electricity from the one or more power storage elements to the one or more heating elements. The heating system further comprises one or more sensors configured to sense a parameter of the liquid and/or sense a parameter of the heating system and communicate said sensed parameter information to the control circuitry. The control circuitry is configured to turn on, turn off, and/or operate the one or more heating elements at a given power setting based at least in part on the sensed parameter information. 
     In accordance with another embodiment, an actively heated mug or travel mug is provided. The actively heated mug or travel mug comprises a body having a receiving portion for receiving and holding a liquid, the body having a vacuum insulated chamber configured to reduce the rate in which heat energy exits the mug or travel mug, and a heating system. The heating system comprises one or more heating elements configured to heat one or more surfaces of the receiving portion of the body, one or more power storage elements, and a wireless power receiver configured to wirelessly receive power from a power source. The heating system further comprises control circuitry electrically connected to the wireless power receiver, the control circuitry configured to charge one or more power storage elements and to control the delivery of electricity from the one or more power storage elements to the one or more heating elements. 
     In accordance with another embodiment, an actively heated mug or travel mug is provided. The actively heated mug or travel mug comprises a body having a receiving portion for receiving and holding a liquid, and a heating system. The heating system comprises one or more heating elements configured to heat one or more surfaces of the receiving portion of the body, one or more heating elements configured to heat one or more surfaces of the receiving portion of the body, and control circuitry electrically connected to the wireless power receiver, the control circuitry configured to charge one or more power storage elements and to control the delivery of electricity from the one or more power storage elements to the one or more heating elements. The actively heated mug or travel mug further comprises a user interface on a surface of the body, the user interface being electrically connected to the control circuitry and having one or more user actuatable controls to provide operating instructions to the control circuitry. The control circuitry is configured to operate the one or more heating elements to actively heat at least a portion of the body to maintain the liquid in a heated state generally at a user selected temperature setting based at least in part on said instructions. 
     In accordance with another embodiment, an actively heated mug or travel mug is provided. The actively heated mug or travel mug comprises a body having a receiving portion for receiving and holding a liquid, and a heating system. The heating system comprises one or more heating elements configured to heat one or more surfaces of the receiving portion of the body, one or more power storage elements, a wireless power receiver configured to wirelessly receive power from a power source, and control circuitry electrically connected to the wireless power receiver, the control circuitry configured to charge one or more power storage elements and to control the delivery of electricity from the one or more power storage elements to the one or more heating elements. The heating system further comprises a wireless transmitter or receiver and/or transceiver configured to establish a communication connection with a remote device or mobile electronic device. 
     In accordance with another embodiment, an actively heated or cooled cup, mug, travel mug, baby bottle, beer mug, carafe, water bottle or liquid container is provided comprising a body having a receiving portion for receiving and holding a liquid and a heating or cooling system. The heating or cooling system comprises one or more heating or cooling elements configured to actively heat or cool at least a portion of the receiving portion of the body, control circuitry configured to control the operation of the one or more heating or cooling elements, and one or more liquid level sensors configured to sense a liquid level in the receiving portion and to communicate the sensed liquid level to the control circuitry. The control circuitry is configured to operate each of the one or more heating or cooling elements independently of each other based at least in part on the sensed liquid level, such that the control circuitry can turn off or turn on or reduce power to or increase power to at least one of the one or more heating or cooling elements based at least in part on the sensed liquid level. In a further aspect, where the one or more heating or cooling elements are one or more thermoelectric elements, the control circuitry can reverse polarity to at least one of the one or more thermoelectric elements. 
     In accordance with another embodiment, an actively heated or cooled cup, mug, travel mug, baby bottle, beer mug, carafe, water bottle or liquid container is provided comprising a body having a receiving portion for receiving and holding a liquid and a heating or cooling system. The heating or cooling system comprises one or more heating or cooling elements configured to actively heat or cool at least a portion of the receiving portion of the body, and control circuitry configured to control the operation of the one or more heating or cooling elements. The control of or location of the one or more heating or cooling elements is configured to induce a circulation of liquid within the receiving portion of the body to maintain substantially uniform liquid temperature within the volume of liquid in the receiving portion. 
     In accordance with another embodiment, an actively heated or cooled cup, mug, travel mug, baby bottle, beer mug, carafe, water bottle or liquid container is provided comprising a body having a receiving portion for receiving and holding a liquid and a heating or cooling system. The heating or cooling system comprises one or more heating or cooling elements configured to actively heat or cool at least a portion of the receiving portion of the body, one or more power storage elements, a wireless power receiver configured to wirelessly receiver power from a power source, control circuitry electrically connected to the wireless power receiver, the control circuitry configured to control the charging of the one or more power storage elements and to control the delivery of electricity from the one or more power storage elements to the one or more heating or cooling elements to maintain a temperature of the liquid at a predetermined drinking temperature or within a predetermined drinking temperature range, and one or more ultrasound liquid sensors configured to sense a level of the liquid in the receiving portion via a change in frequency and to communicate said sensed level information to the control circuitry. The control circuitry is configured to operate the one or more heating or cooling elements to actively heat or cool at least a portion of the receiving portion of the body to maintain the temperature of the liquid generally at a user selected or factory preset drinking temperature setting based at least in part on the sensed liquid level. 
     In accordance with another embodiment, an actively heated or cooled cup, mug, travel mug, baby bottle, beer mug, carafe, water bottle or liquid container is provided comprising a body having a receiving portion for receiving and holding a liquid and a heating or cooling system. The heating or cooling system comprises one or more heating or cooling elements configured to actively heat or cool at least a portion of the receiving portion of the body, one or more power storage elements, and control circuitry configured to control the charging of the one or more power storage elements and to control the delivery of electricity from the one or more power storage elements to the one or more heating or cooling elements to maintain a temperature of the liquid at a predetermined drinking temperature or within a predetermined drinking temperature range. A wireless transmitter or receiver and/or transceiver is configured to establish a communication connection with a remote device or mobile electronic device, the transceiver configured to transmit operation information to the remote device or mobile electronic device as well as to receive instructions from the remote device or mobile electronic device. A display screen is on a surface of the body, the display screen being electrically connected to the control circuitry. 
     In accordance with another embodiment, an actively heated or cooled cup, mug, travel mug, baby bottle, beer mug, carafe, water bottle or liquid container is provided comprising a body having a receiving portion for receiving and holding a liquid and a heating or cooling system. The heating or cooling system comprises one or more heating or cooling elements configured to actively heat or cool at least a portion of the receiving portion of the body, one or more temperature sensors configured to sense a temperature of the liquid in the receiving portion, and control circuitry configured to communicate with the one or more temperature sensors and to control the operation of the one or more heating or cooling elements based at least in part on the sensed temperature. A wireless transmitter or transceiver configured to establish a communication connection with a remote mobile phone or tablet computer, wherein the transmitter or transceiver is configured to transmit sensed temperature information or information related to sensed temperature information to the mobile phone or tablet computer to display said sensed temperature information on the mobile phone or tablet computer. 
     In accordance with another embodiment, an actively heated or cooled cup, mug, travel mug, baby bottle, beer mug, carafe, water bottle or liquid container is provided comprising a body having a receiving portion for receiving and holding a liquid and a heating or cooling system. The heating or cooling system comprises one or more heating or cooling elements configured to actively heat or cool at least a portion of the receiving portion of the body, one or more temperature sensors configured to sense a temperature of the liquid in the receiving portion, and control circuitry configured to communicate with the one or more temperature sensors and to control the operation of the one or more heating or cooling elements based at least in part on the sensed temperature. A wireless transmitter or transceiver configured to establish a communication connection with a remote mobile phone or tablet computer. A display screen or indicator lights are on a surface of the body, the display screen or indicator lights being electrically connected to the control circuitry and configured to display the sensed temperature information or display a message and/or visual indication related to the sensed temperature information. The transmitter or transceiver is configured to transmit sensed temperature information or information related to sensed temperature information to the mobile phone or tablet computer to display said sensed temperature information or a message and/or notification related to the sensed temperature on the mobile phone or tablet computer. 
     In accordance with another embodiment, an actively heated or cooled cup, mug, travel mug, baby bottle, beer mug, carafe, water bottle or liquid container is provided comprising a body having a receiving portion for receiving and holding a liquid and a heating or cooling system. The heating or cooling system comprises one or more heating or cooling elements configured to actively heat or cool at least a portion of the receiving portion of the body, one or more temperature sensors configured to sense a temperature of the liquid in the receiving portion, and control circuitry configured to communicate with the one or more temperature sensors and to control the operation of the one or more heating or cooling elements based at least in part on the sensed temperature. A wireless receiver or transceiver is configured to establish a communication connection with a remote mobile phone or tablet computer, wherein the receiver or transceiver is configured to receive operating instructions from the remote mobile phone or tablet computer, the control circuitry configured to control the operation of the one or more heating or cooling elements at least in part based on said received operating instructions from the mobile phone or tablet computer. 
     In accordance with another embodiment, an actively heated or cooled cup, mug, travel mug, baby bottle, beer mug, carafe, water bottle or liquid container is provided comprising a body having a receiving portion for receiving and holding a liquid and a heating or cooling system. The heating or cooling system comprises one or more heating or cooling elements configured to actively heat or cool at least a portion of the receiving portion of the body, and one or more liquid level sensors configured to sense a liquid level in the receiving portion. A wireless transmitter or transceiver is configured to establish a communication connection with a remote mobile phone or tablet computer, wherein the transmitter or transceiver is configured to transmit sensed liquid level information to the mobile phone or tablet computer to display said liquid level information on the mobile phone or tablet computer. 
     In accordance with one aspect, an actively heated or cooled portable container is provided. The container comprises a portable body having a receiving portion defined by an inner sidewall and inner bottom wall for receiving and holding a liquid, and a heating and cooling system housed in the portable body. The heating and cooling system comprises a cooling element comprising a phase change material disposed in a chamber that surrounds at least a portion of the inner sidewall so that the phase change material is in thermal communication with at least a portion of the inner sidewall of the portable body, the phase change material configured to transition from one phase to a second phase at a predetermined temperature. The heating and cooling system also comprises a heating element in thermal communication with at least a portion of the inner sidewall or inner bottom wall of the portable body. The heating and cooling system also comprises control circuitry disposed in a portion of the portable body, the control circuitry configured to control the operation of the heating element. The heating and cooling system also comprises one or more power storage elements disposed in another portion of the portable body and configured to provide electrical energy to one or both of the heating element and control circuitry. The cooling element removes heat from a liquid disposed in the receiving portion that has a temperature above the predetermined temperature to lower the temperature of the liquid toward the predetermined temperature, and the control circuitry controls the heating element to add heat to the liquid in the receiving portion to maintain the temperature of the liquid at said predetermined temperature or increase the temperature of the liquid above said predetermined temperature. 
     In accordance with another aspect, an actively heated or cooled portable container is provided. The container comprises a portable body having a receiving portion defined by an inner sidewall and inner bottom wall for receiving and holding a liquid, and a heating and cooling system housed in the portable body. The heating and cooling system comprises means for passively cooling at least a portion of the inner sidewall of the portable body to remove heat from a liquid in the receiving portion of the portable body, a heating element in thermal communication with at least a portion of the inner sidewall or inner bottom wall of the portable body, control circuitry disposed in a portion of the portable body, the control circuitry configured to control the operation of the heating element, and one or more power storage elements disposed in another portion of the portable body and configured to provide electrical energy to one or both of the heating element and control circuitry. The control circuitry controls the heating element to add heat to the liquid in the receiving portion to maintain the temperature of the liquid at a predetermined temperature or increase the temperature of the liquid above said predetermined temperature. 
     In accordance with another aspect, an actively heated or cooled portable container is provided. The container comprises a portable body having a receiving portion defined by an inner sidewall and inner bottom wall for receiving and holding a liquid and an outer sidewall radially spaced apart from the inner sidewall to define an annular chamber therebetween. The container also comprises a heating and cooling system housed in the portable body, comprising a cooling element comprising a heat sink disposed in the annular chamber that is in thermal communication with at least a portion of the inner sidewall of the portable body, a heating element in thermal communication with at least a portion of the inner sidewall or inner bottom wall of the portable body, control circuitry disposed in a portion of the portable body, the control circuitry configured to control the operation of the heating element, and one or more power storage elements disposed in another portion of the portable body and configured to provide electrical energy to one or both of the heating element and control circuitry. The cooling element removes heat from a liquid disposed in the receiving portion, and wherein the control circuitry controls the heating element to add heat to the liquid in the receiving portion to maintain the temperature of the liquid at a predetermined temperature or increase the temperature of the liquid above said predetermined temperature. 
     In accordance with another aspect, an actively heated container is provided, comprising a portable body having a receiving portion defined by an inner sidewall and inner bottom wall for receiving and holding a liquid and an outer sidewall radially spaced apart from the inner sidewall to define an annular chamber therebetween. The container also comprises an active heating system, comprising one or more heating elements in thermal communication with at least a portion of the inner sidewall or inner bottom wall of the portable body, control circuitry disposed in a portion of the portable body, the control circuitry configured to control the operation of the one or more heating elements, and one or more power storage elements disposed in another portion of the portable body and configured to provide electrical energy to one or both of the control circuitry and the one or more heating elements. The control circuitry is configured to calculate a volume of the liquid in the receiving portion of the portable body based on sensed information indicative of a temperature of the liquid in the receiving portion. 
     In accordance with one aspect, a heated or cooled food container is provided. The food container comprises a lid movable between an open and a closed position, and an insulated body having a sidewall that defines a perimeter of the body and a base, the sidewall and base defining a chamber configured to be sealed by the lid when in the closed position. The food container also comprises a temperature control system with one or more heating or cooling elements disposed in the container configured to heat or cool at least a portion of the chamber. 
     In accordance with another aspect, an actively heated or cooled food container is provided. The food container comprises a lid movable between an open and a closed position and an insulated body having a sidewall that defines a perimeter of the body and a base, the sidewall and base defining a chamber configured to be sealed by the lid when in the closed position. The food container also comprises an active temperature control system that comprises one or more heating or cooling elements in thermal communication with one or both of the sidewall and the base and configured to heat or cool one or both of the sidewall and the base, one or more power storage elements configured to provide power to the one or more heating or cooling elements, and control circuitry configured to control the operation of the one or more heating or cooling elements. The active temperature control system also comprises a wireless communication module configured to communicate with a remote electronic device to one or both of transmit information to the remote electronic device and receive information from the remote electronic device. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, an actively heated or cooled drinkware container is provided. The drinkware container (e.g., a baby bottle) includes a vessel having a chamber configured to receive a liquid and a heating or cooling module. The heating or cooling module includes a first heating or cooling element operable to heat or cool one portion of the chamber, and a second heating or cooling element operable to heat or cool another portion of the chamber, the second heating element spaced from the first heating element. Operation of the first heating or cooling element and the second heating or cooling element is configured to generate a circulation current in a volume of liquid in the chamber that mixes the liquid in the chamber to thereby inhibit a temperature stratification of the liquid in the volume of liquid in the chamber. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, an actively heated or cooled drinkware container is provided. The drinkware container (e.g., a baby bottle) includes a vessel having a chamber configured to receive a liquid, the vessel including an upper vessel and a lower vessel removably coupleable to the upper vessel to define the chamber. The drinkware container also includes a heating or cooling module disposed in the lower vessel. The heating or cooling element includes a first heating or cooling element operable to heat a portion of a bottom of the chamber and a second heating or cooling element operable to heat a portion of a side of the chamber, the second heating or cooling element spaced from the first heating or cooling element. Operation of the first heating or cooling element and the second heating or cooling element is configured to generate a circulation current in a volume of liquid in the chamber that mixes the liquid in the chamber to thereby inhibit a temperature stratification of the liquid in the volume of liquid in the chamber. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, an actively heated or cooled drinkware container is provided. The drinkware container (e.g., a baby bottle) includes a vessel having a chamber configured to receive a liquid, the vessel including an upper vessel and a lower vessel removably coupleable to the upper vessel to define the chamber. The drinkware container also includes a heating or cooling module disposed in the lower vessel. The heating or cooling element includes a first heating or cooling element operable to heat a portion of a bottom of the chamber and a second heating or cooling element operable to heat a portion of a side of the chamber, the second heating or cooling element spaced from the first heating or cooling element. The drinkware container also includes one or more sensors operable to sense one or more of: a presence of liquid in the chamber, a level of the liquid in the chamber, a type of liquid I the chamber and a temperature of the liquid in the chamber. Operation of the first heating or cooling element and the second heating or cooling element is configured to generate a circulation current in a volume of liquid in the chamber that mixes the liquid in the chamber to thereby inhibit a temperature stratification of the liquid in the volume of liquid in the chamber. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a schematic cross-sectional side view of one embodiment of a heated or cooled plate. 
         FIG.  2    is a schematic exploded view of the heated or cooled plate of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  3    is a schematic cross-sectional side view of the heated or cooled plate of  FIG.  1    and a charging base for the plate. 
         FIG.  3 A  is a schematic perspective bottom view of another embodiment of a heated or cooled plate that is similar to the plate of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  3 B  is a schematic perspective top view of the heated or cooled plate of  FIG.  3 A  and a charging base for the plate. 
         FIG.  4    is a schematic perspective view of a charging stand for storing multiple heated or cooled plates, and a plurality of heated or cooled plates stored on the stand. 
         FIG.  5    is a schematic perspective view of the charging stand of  FIG.  4   . 
         FIG.  6    is a schematic perspective top view of another embodiment of a heated or cooled plate. 
         FIG.  7    is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a heated or cooled plate. 
         FIG.  8    is a schematic cross-sectional side view of one embodiment of a heated or cooled mug and its charging base. 
         FIG.  9    is a schematic exploded view of the heated or cooled mug in  FIG.  8   . 
         FIG.  9 A  is a schematic exploded view of another embodiment of a heated or cooled mug. 
         FIG.  10    is a schematic perspective cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a heated or cooled travel mug. 
         FIG.  11    is a schematic perspective exploded view of the heated or cooled travel mug of  FIG.  10   . 
         FIG.  12    is a schematic perspective view of the heated or cooled travel mug of  FIG.  10    and its associated charging base. 
         FIG.  13    is a schematic perspective cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a heated or cooled travel mug. 
         FIG.  14    is a schematic perspective cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a heated or cooled travel mug. 
         FIG.  15    is a schematic perspective view of the heated or cooled travel mug of  FIG.  14   . 
         FIG.  16    is a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of a heated or cooled plate, bowl or serving dish. 
         FIG.  17    is a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of a heated or cooled plate, bowl or serving dish. 
         FIG.  18    is a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of a heated or cooled plate, bowl or serving dish. 
         FIG.  19    is a schematic perspective view of one embodiment of a wand for use with a heated or cooled plate, bowl, serving dish, mug, cup, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container. 
         FIG.  20    is a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of a heated or cooled plate, bowl or serving dish. 
         FIG.  21    is a schematic perspective view of one embodiment of a charging station for use with one or more plates, bowls or serving dishes. 
         FIG.  22    is a schematic front view of the charging station in  FIG.  21   . 
         FIG.  23    is a schematic perspective view of the charging station of  FIG.  21    holding a plurality of plates, bowls or serving dishes. 
         FIG.  24 A  is a schematic perspective view of the charting station of  FIG.  23    with one of the plates, bowls or serving dishes shown dismounted from the charging station. 
         FIG.  24 B  is a schematic view of another embodiment of a charging station with a resonant coupling wireless power transmitter. 
         FIG.  24 C  is a schematic view of another embodiment of a charging station. 
         FIG.  25    is a schematic exploded view of one embodiment of a heated or cooled plate. 
         FIG.  26    is a schematic cross-sectional assembled view of the heated or cooled plate of  FIG.  25   . 
         FIG.  27    is a schematic perspective exploded view of another embodiment of a heated or cooled plate, bowl or serving dish. 
         FIG.  28    is a schematic bottom perspective exploded view of the heated or cooled plate, bowl or serving dish of  FIG.  27   . 
         FIG.  29    is a schematic perspective exploded view of another embodiment of a heated or cooled plate, bowl or serving dish. 
         FIG.  30    is a schematic bottom perspective exploded view of the heated or cooled plate, bowl or serving dish of  FIG.  29   . 
         FIG.  31    is a schematic exploded view of one embodiment of a heated or cooled baby bottle liquid container. 
         FIG.  32    is a schematic cross-sectional assembled view of the heated or cooled baby bottle of  FIG.  31   . 
         FIG.  32 A  is a schematic cross-sectional assembled view of another embodiment of a heated or cooled baby bottle. 
         FIG.  33    is a box diagram of one method of operating a heated or cooled plate, bowl, serving dish, mug, cup, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container. 
         FIG.  34 A  is a schematic diagram showing counterclockwise circulation of liquid flow induced by a heating or cooling system in a cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container. 
         FIG.  34 B  is a schematic diagram showing clockwise circulation of liquid flow induced by a heating or cooling system in a cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container. 
         FIG.  34 C  is a schematic diagram showing counterclockwise circulation of liquid flow induced by a heating or cooling system in a cup, mug, travel mug or liquid container, where operation (e.g., turning off, on) of one or more heating and cooling elements depends at least in part on sensed liquid level. 
         FIG.  34 D  is a schematic cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a chilled drinkware unit, such as a beer mug. 
         FIG.  34 E  shows a schematic cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a liquid container with one or more heating or cooling elements. 
         FIG.  34 F  shows a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a liquid container with one or more heating or cooling elements. 
         FIG.  34 G  shows a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a liquid container with one or more heating or cooling elements. 
         FIG.  34 H  shows a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a liquid container with one or more heating or cooling elements. 
         FIG.  34 I  shows a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a liquid container with one or more heating or cooling elements. 
         FIG.  34 J  shows a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a liquid container with one or more heating or cooling elements. 
         FIG.  34 K  shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the liquid container of  FIG.  34 G  operating in heating mode. 
         FIG.  34 L  shows a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a liquid container with one or more heating or cooling elements. 
         FIG.  34 M  shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the liquid container of  FIG.  34 J  operating in cooling mode. 
         FIG.  35    is a schematic view of a user interface on a travel mug depicting weather information. 
         FIG.  36    is a schematic view of a user interface on a travel mug depicting the temperature of the liquid in the travel mug. 
         FIG.  37    is a schematic view showing communication between a travel mug and an electronic device (e.g., mobile phone). 
         FIG.  37 A  is a schematic view showing communication between a mug and an electronic device (e.g., mobile phone). 
         FIG.  38 A  shows one embodiment of a wireless energy transmitter in a table, counter, or bar for transmitting power to a travel mug placed thereon. 
         FIG.  38 B  shows one embodiment of a wireless energy transmitter in a table, counter, or bar for transmitting power to a mug placed thereon. 
         FIG.  38 C  shows one embodiment of a wireless energy transmitter in a table, counter, or bar for transmitting power to a bowl placed thereon. 
         FIG.  38 D  shows one embodiment of a wireless energy transmitter in a table, counter, or bar for transmitting power to a plate placed thereon. 
         FIG.  38 E  shows one embodiment of a wireless energy transmitter in a table, counter, or bar for transmitting power to a beer mug placed thereon. 
         FIG.  38 F  shows one embodiment of a wireless energy transmitter in a table, counter, or bar for transmitting power to a baby bottle placed thereon. 
         FIGS.  38 G-H  shows one embodiment of a wireless energy transmitter in a coffee or tea making machine. 
         FIG.  38 I  shows one embodiment of a liquid container with a liquid quality sensor. 
         FIG.  39    is a schematic cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a double walled travel mug. 
         FIG.  40    is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a double-walled travel mug. 
         FIG.  41    is a schematic view of an actively heated bread basket. 
         FIG.  42    is a schematic view of an actively heated tortilla warmer. 
         FIG.  43    is a schematic view of a mug (e.g., travel mug) with an electric hand warmer. 
         FIG.  44    is a schematic block diagram showing communication between an electronic module in actively heated/cooled drinkware, dishware, or serverware and a user interface thereon and/or on a remote electronic device. 
         FIG.  45    is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heat sink cooling mechanism. 
         FIG.  46    is a schematic view of another embodiment of a cooling mechanism. 
         FIG.  47    is a schematic view of one embodiment of a lid mechanism. 
         FIG.  48    is a schematic view of one embodiment of a kinetic electricity generator. 
         FIGS.  49 A- 49 B  show the use of a removable insert for holding liquid. 
         FIG.  50    is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a drinkware container. 
         FIG.  50 A  is a schematic partial transverse cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a drinkware container. 
         FIG.  51    is a perspective cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a drinkware container; 
         FIG.  52    is a perspective cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a drinkware container; 
         FIG.  53    is a perspective cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a drinkware container; 
         FIG.  54    is a perspective cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a drinkware container; 
         FIG.  55    is a perspective cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a drinkware container; 
         FIG.  56    is a perspective cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a drinkware container; 
         FIG.  57    is a perspective cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a drinkware container; 
         FIG.  58    is a perspective cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a drinkware container; 
         FIG.  59    is a perspective cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a drinkware container; 
         FIG.  60    is a perspective cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a drinkware container; 
         FIG.  61    is a perspective cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a drinkware container; 
         FIG.  62    is a perspective cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a drinkware container; 
         FIG.  63    is a perspective cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a drinkware container; 
         FIG.  64    is a perspective partial view of another embodiment of a drinkware container. 
         FIG.  65    is a perspective cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a drinkware container. 
         FIG.  66    is a perspective cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a drinkware container. 
         FIG.  67    is a perspective cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a drinkware container. 
         FIG.  68    is a perspective cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a drinkware container. 
         FIGS.  69 A- 69 B  show a perspective view of another embodiment of a drinkware container. 
         FIGS.  70 A- 70 B  show a perspective view of another embodiment of a drinkware container. 
         FIGS.  71 A- 71 B  show a perspective view of another embodiment of a drinkware container. 
         FIGS.  72 A- 72 B  show a perspective view of another embodiment of a drinkware container. 
         FIG.  73    shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a drinkware container and charging base system. 
         FIGS.  74 A- 74 B  show a schematic view of an embodiment of a drinkware container assembly. 
         FIGS.  75 A- 75 B  show a schematic view of an embodiment of a drinkware container assembly. 
         FIGS.  76 A- 76 C  show a schematic view of an embodiment of a drinkware container and charging base system. 
         FIGS.  77 A- 77 C  show an embodiment of a drinkware container assembly. 
         FIGS.  78 A- 78 B  show an embodiment of a drinkware container assembly. 
         FIGS.  79 A- 79 B  show an embodiment of a drinkware container assembly. 
         FIGS.  80 - 81    show an embodiment of a food container. 
         FIG.  82    is a schematic view of a drinkware container with a heating or cooling assembly operable to induce recirculation and/or mixing of a liquid in the container to reduce thermal stratification of the liquid in the drinkware container. 
         FIG.  83    is a schematic view of a drinkware container with a heating or cooling assembly operable to induce recirculation and/or mixing of a liquid in the container to reduce thermal stratification of the liquid in the drinkware container. 
         FIG.  84 A  is a schematic view of a drinkware container with a heating or cooling assembly operable to reduce thermal stratification of the liquid in the drinkware container. 
         FIG.  84 B  is a schematic view of a drinkware container with a heating or cooling assembly operable to reduce thermal stratification of the liquid in the drinkware container. 
         FIG.  85    is a schematic view of a drinkware container with a mixing element operable to induce mixing of a liquid in the container to reduce thermal stratification of the liquid in the drinkware container. 
         FIG.  86    is a schematic view of a drinkware container with a mixing element operable to induce mixing of a liquid in the container to reduce thermal stratification of the liquid in the drinkware container. 
         FIG.  87    is a schematic view of a drinkware container with a mixing element operable to induce mixing of a liquid in the container to reduce thermal stratification of the liquid in the drinkware container. 
         FIG.  88    is a schematic view of a drinkware container with acoustic and/or magnetic agitation and/or mixing of a liquid in the container to reduce thermal stratification of the liquid in the drinkware container. 
         FIG.  89 A- 89 B  is a schematic view of a drinkware container with a mixing element operable to induce mixing of a liquid in the container to reduce thermal stratification of the liquid in the drinkware container. 
         FIG.  90 A  is a schematic front view of a drinkware container. 
         FIG.  90 B  is a schematic perspective bottom view of the drinkware container in  FIG.  90 A . 
         FIG.  90 C  is an exploded view of the drinkware container in  FIG.  90 A . 
         FIG.  90 D  is a cross-sectional side view of the drinkware container in  FIG.  90 A  with a cap on the container. 
         FIG.  91    is a perspective top view of a bottom vessel of the drinkware container of  FIG.  90 A . 
         FIG.  92    is a schematic view of a circulation current of liquid formed in the bottom vessel of  FIG.  91    to induce recirculation and/or mixing of the liquid in the drinkware container to reduce thermal stratification of the liquid in the drinkware container. 
         FIG.  93    is a schematic view of a heater assembly for the bottom vessel of  FIG.  91    for use with the drinkware container. 
         FIG.  94    is a perspective bottom view of the bottom vessel of  FIG.  91    showing a probe heater. 
         FIG.  95    is a schematic view of the probe heater of  FIG.  94    for use with the bottom vessel of the drinkware container. 
         FIG.  96    is a schematic view of the probe heater of  FIGS.  94 - 95    showing the location of temperature sensors. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIGS.  1 - 3    show one embodiment of heated or cooled dishware or serverware. In particular,  FIGS.  1 - 3    show one embodiment of a heated or cooled plate  100 , bowl or serving dish. In the illustrated embodiment, the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish has a circumferential wall  10  with a side surface  30   a  and a base  20  having a top surface  20   a , where the side surface  30   a  and top surface  20   a  define a recess  30  that can hold food (e.g., receiving portion of the plate that holds food). In another embodiment, the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish can be flat with a generally flat top surface (e.g., where the food receiving portion is not recessed). The wall  10  extends from a top edge  12  to a bottom edge  14 . A bottom portion  40  of the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish defines a bottom surface  42  of the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish, which is recessed relative to the edge  14 . A bottom section  19  defines a recess  16  of the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish, such that the edge  14 , not the bottom surface  42 , contacts a table or counter surface when the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish is placed on the table or counter surface. In another embodiment, the bottom surface  42  can be flush with the bottom edge  14 , not recessed relative to the edge  14 . In still another embodiment, the bottom surface  42  can protrude from the bottom of the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish relative to the edge  14 . The plate  100 , bowl or serving dish can look (e.g., be sized and shaped) like a conventional plate and fit within standard dishwasher racks. 
     With continued reference to  FIG.  1   , the bottom portion  40  attaches to the wall  10  so that a cavity  50  is defined between the bottom portion  40  and the base  20 , where the cavity  50  is sized to house several components, as described below. As shown in  FIG.  2   , the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish can include a heating or cooling system  55 , which can include a heating or cooling element  60 , an insulative member  70 , one or more electrical energy storage devices  80  electrically connected to the heating of cooling element  60 , and an electronic module  90 . The heating or cooling element  60 , insulative member  70 , electrical energy storage devices  80  and electronic module  90  can be disposed (e.g., embedded) in a bottom section of the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish. In another embodiment, the heating or cooling system  55  can be housed in a module that is removably attachable to the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish. In this embodiment, the heating or cooling element  60  and insulating member  70  can be a part of the removable module or can be disposed in the plate, and not part of the removable module. 
     In one embodiment, the heating or cooling element  60  can be heater wire or heating wire that is disposed adjacent a bottom surface  20   b  of the base  20  (e.g., adhered or otherwise secured to the bottom surface  20   b ), where the heater wire can heat up and transfer heat to the top surface  20   a  of the base  20  via conduction through the base  20  (e.g., to raise the temperature of the base  20  above ambient temperature to maintain food on the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish warm, such as at a desired temperature or within a desired temperature range). In one embodiment, the heating or cooling system  55  can include a drive transistor to accommodate heavy switching current flowing from the electrical energy storage element  80  to one or more low resistance heating or cooling element  60 . The insulative member  70  can be plate-like and disposed proximate the heating or cooling element  60  so that the heating or cooling element  60  is interposed between the insulative member  70  and the base  20 . In one embodiment, the insulative member  70  can be a ceramic plate. However, in other embodiments, the insulative member  70  can be made of other suitable materials that are thermally insulative. In still other embodiments, the insulative member  70  can be excluded. 
     With continued reference to  FIG.  2   , the one or more energy storage devices  80  can in one embodiment be batteries, such as rechargeable batteries. For example, the one or more energy storage devices  80  can be lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries or lithium polymer (Li-poly) batteries. However, in other embodiments where the energy storage devices  80  are batteries, the batteries can be other suitable types (e.g., lead acid, nickel cadmium, nickel metal hydride). In one embodiment, the battery can be provided in combination with a step-up transformer to provide the required voltage. In another embodiment, the one or more energy storage devices  80  can be capacitors. The one or more energy storage devices  80  can be electrically connected to the heating or cooling element  60  and configured to supply power to the heating or cooling element  60  to heat or cool at least a portion of the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish. 
     The electronic module  90  can be attached to a top surface  44  of the bottom portion  40  and electrically connected to the one or more energy storage devices  80 . In one embodiment, the electronic module  90  can include one or more of a wireless power receiver  92 , control circuitry  94  (e.g., controller circuit, microcontroller, etc.) and a charger  96  (e.g., charging circuit) for charging the one or more energy storage devices  80 . In other embodiments, the electronic module  90  can have different or additional electronics. The electronic module  90  can include a microcontroller unit (MCU) with capacitive sensing and graphic control features. In one embodiment, the wireless power receiver  92  is electrically connected to the battery charger  96 , which is connected to the one or more energy storage devices  80  that are then electrically connected to the heating or cooling element  60  through a controller circuit  94 . The control circuitry can also be used to manage the charging of the one or more energy storage devices  80 . In another embodiment, where the energy storage devices  80  are excluded (as discussed further below), the wireless power receiver  92  can be electrically connected directly to the heating or cooling element  60 . The control circuitry  94  can operate to manage the power delivered to the heating or cooling element  60 . 
     In one embodiment, the bottom portion  40  can be removably attached to the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish to allow access to the heating or cooling system  55  in the cavity  50 . For example, the bottom portion  40  can be mechanically coupled to the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish (e.g., with screws, a threaded interface between the bottom portion  40  and the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish, a press-fit connection, etc.). The bottom portion  40  can be removed to allow the replacing of the one or more energy storage devices  80  and the servicing of the heating or cooling system  55 . In one embodiment, the bottom portion  40  can be a water resistant lid that can be removably attachable (e.g., threaded on or screwed) to the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish for accessing the heating or cooling system  55 . In another embodiment, the bottom portion  40  can be a water resistant lid that can be removably attachable (e.g., threaded on or screwed) to the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish for accessing the one or more energy storage devices  80 . In yet another embodiment, the energy storage devices  80  can be in a pack that is attached (e.g., threaded, snap fit, screwed down) onto the bottom of the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish, where the pack&#39;s electrical contacts connect with a set of electrical contacts on the bottom of the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish, as shown for example in  FIGS.  27 - 28    and described below. In still another embodiment, the one or more energy storage devices  80  can be sealed in the body of the plate  100  and not be removable (e.g., the heating or cooling system  55  and electronics of the plate  100  can be sealed in the plate so as to not be removable). This configuration (e.g., sealed energy storage elements  80  that are not removable) can also be incorporated into any other drinkware, dishware or serverware devices, such as the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , mug  400  and travel mug  600 , cup, baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container discussed below. 
     With continued reference to  FIG.  3   , a charging base  200  can have a protruding or raised section  220  with a top surface  222  and a bottom surface  224 . A wireless power transmitter  240  can be attached to the bottom surface  224 . The protruding section  220  is preferably shaped and sized to at least partially fit into the recess  16  in the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish, such that the top surface  222  is adjacent the bottom surface  42  of the bottom portion  40 . Advantageously, the protruding section  220  fits at least partially into the recess  16  so as to generally align the electronic module  90  over the wireless power transmitter  240  to facilitate wireless power transmission between the wireless power transmitter  240  and the wireless power receiver  92 . In another embodiment, the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish can have a protruding portion and the charging base  200  a recessed portion, where the protruding portion fits at least partially within the recessed portion when the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish is coupled to the charging base  200 . The wireless power transmitter  240  can be electrically connected to a power source (not shown), such as a wall outlet, via a power cord (not shown). 
     In one embodiment, the wireless power transmitter  240  can be an induction coil and the wireless power receiver  92  can also be an induction coil. Therefore, in one embodiment, the charging base  200  can wirelessly transmit power from the wireless power transmitter  240  to the wireless power receiver  92  via induction coupling. However, transmission of power from the wireless power transmitter  240  to the wireless power receiver  92  is not limited to inductive coupling. In other embodiments, other forms of short-distance wireless energy transfer can be used (e.g., microwave energy). In still other embodiments, further discussed below, long-distance wireless energy transfer can be used to transmit power to the wireless power receiver  92 , without the use of a charging base. 
     In one embodiment, the heating or cooling system  55  is advantageously embedded or housed in the body of the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish so that no portion of the heating or cooling system  55  is exposed or can be contacted by a user while holding the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish. Therefore, the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish can advantageously be exposed to water or other liquids, e.g., in a sink or in a dishwasher, without exposing the heating or cooling system  55  to said water or liquids, thereby inhibiting damage to the heating or cooling system  55 . Additionally, by having all components embedded or housed in the body of the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish, the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish can be aesthetically pleasing as it looks like a conventional plate. 
       FIGS.  3 A- 3 B  shows another embodiment of a heated or cooled plate  100 ′″, bowl or serving dish. The heated or cooled plate  100 ′″, bowl or serving dish is similar to the heated or cooled plate  100 , bowl or serving dish and includes the same components and features disclosed for the heated or cooled plate  100 , except as noted below. Thus, the reference numerals used to designate the various components of the heated or cooled plate  100 ′″, bowl or serving dish are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the heated or cooled plate  100 , bowl or serving dish in  FIGS.  1 - 3   , except that a “′″” has been added to the reference numerals. 
     In another embodiment, shown in  FIGS.  3 A and  3 B , the plate  100 ′″, bowl or serving dish can include one or more corrosion resistant electrical contacts  46 ′″ on an outer surface of the plate  100 ′″, bowl or serving dish, such as the bottom surface  42 ′″ of the bottom portion  40 ′″ of the plate  100 ′″, bowl or serving dish, where the electrical contacts are sized and shaped to contact corresponding electrical contacts  246 ′″ on the charging base  200 ′″ (e.g., on the top surface  222 ′″ of the protruding section  220 ′″ of the charging base  200 ′″), when the plate  100 ′″, bowl or serving dish is placed on the charging base  200 ′″ so that power is transmitted from the charging base  200 ′″ to the energy storage devices  80 ′″, heating or cooling element  60 ′″ and/or electronic module  90 ′″ in the plate  100 ′″, bowl or serving dish through the electrical contacts  46 ′″,  246 ′″. In one embodiment, the electrical contacts of the plate  100 ′″, bowl or serving dish can protrude from a surface of the plate  100 ′″, bowl or serving dish, such as electrical posts. In another embodiment, shown in  FIG.  3 A , the electrical contacts  46 ′″ of the plate  100 ′″, bowl or serving dish can be one or more contact pads on the bottom surface  42 ′″ of the bottom portion  40 ′″ of the plate  100 ′″, bowl or serving dish, which can contact corresponding contacts, such as the pin contacts  246 ′″ on the top surface  222  of the charging base  200 ′″. However, the electrical contacts on the plate  100 ′″, bowl or serving dish and charging base  200 ′″ can have other suitable configurations. As shown in  FIGS.  3 A and  3 B , the plate  100 ′″ can have a slot  48 ′″ on the bottom surface of the plate  100 ′″, bowl or serving dish (e.g., formed on the bottom surface  42 ′″ of the bottom portion  40 ′″ of the plate  100 ′″, bowl or serving dish) that is sized and shaped to receive a pin or key  248  on the charging base  200 ′″. The slot  48 ′″ and pin or key  248 ′″ provide a “clocking” aspect of the plate  100 ′″, bowl or serving dish that allows the electrical contacts  46 ′″ of the plate  100 ′″, bowl or serving dish to readily align with the electrical contacts  246 ′″ of the charging base  200 ′″. However, in another embodiment, the slot can be formed on the charging base  200 ′″ and the pin or key can be formed on the bottom of the plate  100 ′″, bowl or serving dish. This configuration of electrical contacts and slot/key arrangement can also be incorporated into any other drinkware, dishware or serverware devices, such as the plate  800 ,  800 ′,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , mug  400  and travel mug  600 , cup, baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container discussed below. 
     In another embodiment, the heating or cooling system  55  can be housed in a non-water proof module that can be removably attached to the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish (e.g., threadably coupled to the plate  100 , or coupled via a pin/slot assembly where the module twists into the bottom of a plate  100 ) to heat or cool the plate  100 . In this embodiment, when the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish is to be washed, the heating or cooling module can be decoupled from the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish before the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish is washed (e.g., placed in the dish washing machine). The heating or cooling module can then be placed on a corresponding charging station for use at a later time when it can again be coupled to a plate  100 , bowl or serving dish to heat or cool food on the plate  100 . The embodiment described above can apply to other forms of dishware (e.g., mug, cup, serving dish). 
     In another embodiment, the charging base  200  can be excluded and power can be transmitted to the wireless power receiver  92  via a remote power transmitter using long-distance wireless energy transmission, as further discussed below. In this embodiment, where the heated or cooled plate  100 , bowl or serving dish also does not have energy storage devices, such as the energy storage devices  80 , the heating or cooling element  60  is electrically connected to the wireless power receiver  92  via the control circuit  94 , which is operable to control the amount of power that is provided to the heating or cooling element  60 . During operation, if the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish is out of range of the wireless power transmission, the heating or cooling element  60  will lose power and shut off. For example, in this embodiment if the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish is not on a charging base, such as the charging base  200 , or out of the range of power transmission from a remote wireless power transmitter, the heating or cooling element  60  in the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish will lose power and shut off. 
       FIGS.  4  and  5    show one embodiment of a charging stand  300  that can be stored in a cabinet, such as a kitchen cabinet, or on a countertop or in a pantry. The charging stand  300  can have a plurality of charging bases  220 ′, each of which is attached to a rear wall  320  of the charging stand  300  by a connecting support  230 ′. The charging stand  300  can also have a pair of arms  310  on either side of the charging base  220 ′, each arm  310  having a surface  312  that can contact at least a portion of the wall  10  of the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish and helps support the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish on the charging base  220 ′. Each of the charging bases  220 ′ can have a wireless power transmitter, such as the wireless power transmitter  240 , disposed therein, which can transmit power to a wireless power receiver in the heated or cooled plate  100 , bowl or serving dish that is placed on the charging base  220 ′. The charging stand  300  can have a power cord (not shown) to connect the stand to, for example, a wall outlet, in order to electrically connect the wireless power transmitters in the charging bases  220 ′ with the power source. 
     In another embodiment, the charging stand  300  can be excluded, and the plates  100  can be stacked on top of each other, with a single charging base at the bottom of the stack (e.g., the charging base  200  in  FIG.  3   ) In this embodiment, the electronic module  90  in each plate  100 , bowl or serving dish can include a repeater circuit that takes the power coming in from the wireless power receiver  92  (inside the plate  100 ) and then energizes a wireless power transmitter (not shown) which would be mounted just underneath bottom surface  20   b  inside the same plate  100 . In this embodiment, when another plate is stacked on top of this plate  100 , the top plate can receive power from the wireless power transmitter which is located in the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish directly beneath it. In this manner, when a number of plates were stacked on top of each other, each plate would wirelessly receive power from the plate beneath it, and transmit power to the plate above it. In one embodiment, the energy storage devices are excluded from the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish (or mug  400  or travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container discussed below), so the wireless power receiver can be electrically connected to the heating or cooling element. This allows a stack of plates  100  to be positioned on one stand. 
       FIG.  6    shows another embodiment of a heated or cooled plate  100 ′. The heated or cooled plate  100 ′, bowl or serving dish is similar to the heated or cooled plate  100 , bowl or serving dish and includes the same components and features disclosed for the heated or cooled plate  100 , except as noted below. Thus, the reference numerals used to designate the various components of the heated or cooled plate  100 ′, bowl or serving dish are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the heated or cooled plate  100 , bowl or serving dish in  FIGS.  1 - 3   , except that a “′” has been added to the reference numerals. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the heated or cooled plate  100 ′, bowl or serving dish has a heating or cooling element  60 ′ that includes a trace pattern that is traced or laid onto at least a portion of the top surface  20   a ′ of the base  20 ′ of the plate  100 ′. For example, the trace pattern can be screen printed onto the top surface  20   a ′ and have a connecting portion (not shown) that electrically connects the heating or cooling element  60 ′ to the energy storage devices  80 ′, wireless power receiver  92 ′, and/or control circuitry  94 ′. This configuration of a heating or cooling element can also be incorporated into any other drinkware, dishware or serverware devices, such as the plate  800 ,  800 ′,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , mug  400  and travel mug  600 , cup, baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container discussed below. 
       FIG.  7    shows another embodiment of a heated or cooled plate  100 ″. The heated or cooled plate  100 ″, bowl or serving dish is similar to the heated or cooled plate  100 , bowl or serving dish and includes the same components and features disclosed for the heated or cooled plate  100 , except as noted below. Thus, the reference numerals used to designate the various components of the heated plate  100 ″, bowl or serving dish are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the heated plate  100 , bowl or serving dish in  FIGS.  1 - 3   , except that a “″” has been added to the reference numerals. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the cavity  50 ″ in the heated or cooled plate  100 ″, bowl or serving dish can be subdivided by the insulative member  70  into a first cavity  50   a  between the bottom portion  40  and the insulative member  70  and a second cavity  50   b  between the insulative member  70  and the base  20 . The energy storage devices  80  and electronic module  90  are disposed in the first cavity  50   a . The insulative member  70  is positioned against a ledge  10   a  defined between the bottom portion  40  and the base  20  so that the insulative member  70  is spaced from the heating or cooling element  60 , thereby defining the second cavity  50   b . In the illustrated embodiment, the second cavity  50   b  is under a vacuum, which advantageously further thermally insulates the energy storage devices  80  and electronic module  90  from the heating or cooling element  60 . Additionally, having the second cavity  50   b  under a vacuum advantageously allows the top surface  20   a  of the base  20  to maintain its temperature for a longer period of time, as the vacuum in the second cavity  50   b  inhibits heat transfer through the bottom of the plate  100 ″. In the illustrated embodiment, the heating or cooling element  60  can be electrically connected to the one or more energy storage devices  80  via a connector (not shown) that extends between the first and second cavities  50   a ,  50   b  (e.g., a trace line printed on the side wall of the first and second cavities  50   a ,  50   b ). This vacuum configuration can also be incorporated into any other drinkware, dishware or serverware devices, such as the plate  800 ,  800 ′,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , mug  400  and travel mug  600 , cup, baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container discussed below. 
       FIGS.  8 - 9    illustrate a heated or cooled mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container with a circumferential wall  412  having a side surface  412   a , a handle  414  and a base  420  having a top surface  420   a , where the side surface  412   a  and top surface  420   a  define a cavity  418  that can hold a liquid or solid (e.g., coffee, soup, ice cream). The heated or cooled mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can have a bottom portion  419  that defines a recess  450  between a bottom edge  416   a  and the base  420 . A bottom member (e.g., plate)  440  can be positioned against a ledge  419   a  of the bottom portion  419 , so as to define a cavity  450   a  between the bottom member  440  and the base  420 . In the illustrated embodiment, a heating or cooling system  455  can be disposed (e.g., embedded) in the cavity  450   a . The heating or cooling system  455  can include a heating or cooling element  460 , an insulative member  470 , one or more energy storage devices  480  and an electronic module  490 , and these components can be arranged and connected in the same manner described above in connection with the heated or cooled plate  100 . In another embodiment, the insulative member  470  can be excluded. 
     The heating or cooling element  460  can be disposed adjacent a bottom surface  420   b  of the base  420  so as to conduct heat through the base  420  to a top surface  420   a  of the base  420 . In one embodiment, the heating or cooling element  460  can also be disposed within the wall  412  and behind a side surface  412  of the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. In one embodiment, the heating or cooling element  460  can be a heater wire or heating wire. In another embodiment, the heating or cooling element  460  can be a resistive heater. However, in other embodiments, the heating or cooling element  460  can include other suitable mechanisms. In one embodiment, the heating or cooling system  455  can include a drive transistor to accommodate heavy switching current flowing from the electrical energy storage element  480  to one or more low resistance heating or cooling element  460 . 
     The electronic module  490  can be attached to a top surface  444  of the bottom member  440  and include one or more of a wireless power receiver  492 , control circuitry  494  (e.g., controller circuit, microcontroller, etc.) and a charger  496  (e.g., charging circuit) for charging the one or more energy storage devices  480 . The electronic module  490  can include a MCU with capacitive sensing and graphic control features. The control circuitry  494  can operate to manage the power delivered to the heating or cooling element  460 . The control circuitry  494  can also be used to manage the charging of the one or more energy storage devices  480 . In one embodiment, the wireless power receiver  492  is electrically connected to the battery charger  496 , which is electrically connected to the energy storage devices  480  that in turn are electrically connected to the heating or cooling element  460 . In another embodiment, where energy storage devices are excluded (as discussed further below), the wireless power receiver  492  can be electrically connected to the heating or cooling element  460 . In one embodiment, the heating or cooling system  455  is completely disposed in the bottom portion  419  so that no part of the system  455  is visible (i.e., the mug  400  looks like a conventional mug). In another embodiment, the heating or cooling system  455  can be housed in a module that is removably attachable to the mug  400 . 
     With continued reference to  FIGS.  8 - 9   , the bottom portion  440  can be axially spaced from the bottom edge  416   a  so as to define a recess  416  at the bottom of the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. A charging base  500  for the heated or cooled mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can include a raised portion  520  with a top surface  522 , where the raised portion  520  is sized and shaped to fit at least partially within the recess  416  when the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container is placed on the charging base  500 , so that a bottom surface  442  of the bottom member  440  is adjacent the top surface  522  of the raised portion  520 . The charging base can include a wireless power transmitter  540  attached to a bottom surface  524  of the raised portion  520 , where the wireless power transmitter  540  is arranged on the bottom surface  524  so as to generally align with the electronic module  490  when the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container is positioned on the charging base  500  to facilitate wireless power transmission between the wireless power transmitter  540  and the wireless power receiver  492  (e.g., via short distance wireless energy transfer, such as inductive coupling, as discussed above). In another embodiment, the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can have a protruding portion at its bottom and the charging base  500  can have a corresponding recessed portion, where the protruding portion fits within the recessed portion when the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container is coupled to the charging base  500 . The wireless power transmitter  540  can be electrically connected to a power source (not shown), such as a wall outlet, via a power cord (not shown). 
     In one embodiment, the bottom member  440  can be removably attached to the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container to allow access to the heating or cooling system  455  in the cavity  450   a . For example, the bottom member  440  can be mechanically coupled to the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container (e.g., with screws, a threaded interface between the bottom member  440  and mug  400 , a press-fit connection). The bottom member  440  can be removed to allow the replacing of the one or more energy storage devices  480  and the servicing of the heating or cooling system  455 . In one embodiment, the bottom member  440  can be a water resistant lid that can be removably attachable (e.g., threaded on or screwed) to the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container for accessing the heating or cooling system  455 . In another embodiment, the bottom member  440  can be a water resistant lid that can be removably attachable (e.g., threaded on or screwed) to the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container for accessing the one or more energy storage devices  480 . In yet another embodiment, the energy storage devices  480  can be in a pack that is attached (e.g., threaded, snap fit, screwed down) onto the bottom of the mug  400 , where the pack&#39;s electrical contacts connect with a set of electrical contacts on the bottom of the mug  400 . 
     In another embodiment, the charging base  500  can be excluded and power can be transmitted to the wireless power receiver  492  via a remote power transmitter using long-distance wireless energy transmission, as further discussed below. In this embodiment, where the heated or cooled mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container also does not have energy storage devices, such as the energy storage devices  480 , the heating or cooling element  460  is electrically connected to the wireless power receiver  492  via the control circuit  494 , which is operable to control the amount of power that is provided to the heating or cooling element  460 . During operation, if the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container is out of range of the wireless power transmission, the heating or cooling element  460  will lose power and shut off. For example, in this embodiment if the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container is not on a charging base, such as the charging base  500 , or out of the range of power transmission from a remote wireless power transmitter, the heating or cooling element  460  in the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container will lose power and shut off. 
     The one or more energy storage devices  480  can advantageously supply power to the heating or cooling element  460  for a prolonged period of time before its power charge diminishes, thereby advantageously maintaining the contents of the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container (e.g., soup, coffee, ice cream) hot or cold, for a prolonged period of time. In one embodiment, the energy storage devices  480  can power the heating or cooling element  460  for at least 15 minutes. In another embodiment, the energy storage devices  480  can power the heating or cooling element  460  for between about 30 minutes and about 60 minutes. However, in another embodiment, the energy storage devices  480  can power the heating or cooling element  460  for greater than 60 minutes. In another embodiment, the power level, or desired temperature, can be selected by the user (e.g., via a switch) which will extend or shorten the duration of time that the heating or cooling element  460  will run for, as further discussed below. 
     As discussed above, in one embodiment, the heating or cooling system  455  is advantageously embedded in the body of the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container (e.g., embedded in the bottom portion  419  of the mug  400 ) so that no portion of the heating or cooling system  455  is exposed or can be contacted by a user while holding the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. Therefore, the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can advantageously be exposed to water or other liquids, e.g., in a sink or in a dishwasher, without exposing the heating or cooling system  455  to said water or liquids, thereby inhibiting damage to the heating or cooling system  455 . Additionally, by being embedded in the body of the mug  400 , the mug  400  can be aesthetically pleasing as it looks like a conventional mug. 
     In another embodiment, the heating or cooling system  455  can be housed in a non-water proof module that can be removably attached to the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container (e.g., threadably coupled to the mug  400 , or coupled via a pin/slot assembly where the module twists into the bottom of a mug  400 ) to heat or cool the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. In this embodiment, when the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container is to be washed, the heating or cooling module can be decoupled from the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container before the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container is washed (e.g., placed in the dish washing machine). The heating or cooling module can then be placed on a corresponding charging station for use at a later time when it can again be coupled to a mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container to heat or cool the contents of the mug  400 . 
     In another embodiment, the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can include one or more corrosion resistant electrical contacts (not shown) on an outer surface of the mug  400 , such as the bottom surface  442  of the bottom portion  440  of the mug  400 , where the electrical contacts are sized and shaped to contact corresponding electrical contacts (not shown) on the charging base  500  when the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container is placed on the charging base  500 . In one embodiment, the electrical contacts of the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can protrude from a surface of the mug  400 , such as electrical posts. In another embodiment, the electrical contacts of the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can be one or more contact pads (not shown) on the bottom surface  442  of the bottom portion  440  of the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container that can contact corresponding contact pads (not shown) on the top surface  522  of the charging base  500 . However, the electrical contacts on the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container and charging base  500  can have other suitable configurations. 
       FIG.  9 A  shows another embodiment of a heated or cooled mug  400 ′, cup, water bottle or liquid container. The heated or cooled mug  400 ′, cup, water bottle or liquid container is similar to the heated or cooled mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container and includes the same components and features disclosed for the heated or cooled mug  400 , except as noted below. Thus, the reference numerals used to designate the various components of the heated or cooled mug  400 ′, cup, water bottle or liquid container are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the heated or cooled mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container in  FIGS.  8 - 9   , except that a “′” has been added to the reference numerals. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the heated or cooled mug  400 ′, cup, water bottle or liquid container can have a heating or cooling element  460 ′, which is shown schematically in  FIG.  9 A . In one embodiment, the heating or cooling element  460 ′ can be a heater wire or heating wire, such as the heating or cooling element  460  shown in  FIGS.  8 - 9   . In another embodiment, the heating or cooling element  460 ′ can be a resistive heater. However, in other embodiments, the heating or cooling element  460 ′ can include other suitable mechanisms. In one embodiment, the heating or cooling element  460 ′ can be an active cooling element or a passive cooling element. For example, where the heating or cooling element  460 ′ is a passive cooling element, the heating or cooling element  460 ′ can include a thermoelectric system with one or more Peltier elements in contact with, or in proximity to, the bottom surface  420   b  of the base  420 . In another embodiment, where the heating or cooling element  460 ′ is an active cooling element, the heating or cooling element  460 ′ can include a chilled fluid circulation system with channels (not shown) disposed in contact with, or in proximity to, the bottom surface  420   b  of the base  420 . In still another embodiment, the heating or cooling element  460 ′ can be a FREON® cooling system with an expansion channel (not shown) inside a bottom portion  419  of the mug  400 ′, cup, water bottle or liquid container (or other dishware device). However, the heating or cooling element  460 ′ can include other suitable active cooling arrangements. Though the illustrated embodiment is for a heated or cooled mug  400 ′, the heating or cooling element  460 ′ can be incorporated into any dishware, drinkware or serverware device, such as the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish and travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container (discussed below). In some embodiments, the dishware, drinkware or serverware device can include a heat sink (e.g., one or more fins) to dissipate heat generated by the heating or cooling element. In one embodiment, the heat sink can be incorporated into the body of the dishware, drinkware or serverware device. In another embodiment, the heat sink can be removably attached to the dishware, drinkware or serverware device. The heating or cooling element  460 ′ can be operated to maintain liquid or solid food in the dishware, drinkware or serverware device warm or cool (e.g., to raise or lower the temperature of the receiving portion of the dishware, drinkware or serverware device above or below ambient temperature to maintain the food warm or cool, such as at a desired temperature or within a desired temperature range). 
       FIGS.  10 - 12    show one embodiment of a travel mug  600 , such as a travel coffee mug, that incorporates some of the same features described above with respect to the mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. In the illustrated embodiment, the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container has an outer circumferential wall  610 , a handle  612  and a bottom portion  640 , where the bottom portion  640  can, in one embodiment, be removably attached to the distal end of the outer circumferential wall  610 . In the illustrated embodiment, the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container has an inner circumferential wall  620  that extends from a proximal portion  622  to a base  626  and has a distal portion  624  adjacent the base  626 . The inner circumferential wall  620  defines a chamber  620   c  (e.g., receiving portion) for holding a liquid (e.g., coffee, tea). The travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can be sized to fit in a standard diameter cup holder of an automobile. Additionally, the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can have a height that allows the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container to fit in a drawer (e.g., top drawer) of a dishwasher rack, such that the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can be placed upside down in the dishwasher for cleaning in a generally vertical orientation. In one embodiment, the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can hold about 16 ounces of liquid. However, other liquid containment sizes can be used. 
     The inner circumferential wall  620  can attach at its proximal portion  622  to a proximal end  612   a  of the outer circumferential wall  610 . As shown in  FIG.  10   , the inner circumferential wall  620  is shaped relative to the outer circumferential wall  610  so as to define an annular gap  628  between the inner circumferential wall  620  and the outer circumferential wall  610 . Additionally, the base  626  of the inner circumferential wall  620  is spaced apart from the bottom portion  640  so as to define a cavity  630  therebetween, where the cavity  630  is in communication with the annular gap  628 . A cover  670  can be removably disposed over the opening O in the inner circumferential wall  620  to substantially seal the opening O. 
     With continued reference to  FIGS.  10 - 11   , the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can have a heating or cooling system  655  disposed in the cavity  630 . In one embodiment, the heating or cooling system can include a heating or cooling element  660 , one or more energy storage devices  680  and an electronic module  690 , where these components can be arranged and connected in the same manner described above in connection with the heated or cooled plate  100 , bowl or serving dish and heated or cooled mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. The heating or cooling element  660  can be disposed adjacent the distal portion  624  of the inner circumferential wall  620 . In the illustrated embodiment, the heating or cooling element  660  can be wrapped around the distal portion  624  and in contact with an outer surface  620   a  of the inner circumferential wall  620  at the location of the distal portion  624  so as to conduct heat through the distal portion  624  of the inner circumferential wall  620  and into the liquid in the chamber  620   c . In one embodiment, the heating or cooling system  655  can include a drive transistor to accommodate heavy switching current flowing from the electrical energy storage element  680  to one or more low resistance heating or cooling element  660 . 
     The electronic module  690  can be attached to a top surface  644  of the bottom portion  640  and can include one or more of a wireless power receiver  692  (e.g., that can receive power from an inductive coupling transmitter in a charging base or a charging pad), control circuitry  694  (e.g., controller circuit, microcontroller, etc.) and a charger  696  (e.g., charging circuit) for charging the one or more energy storage devices  680 . The electronic module  690  can include a MCU with capacitive sensing and graphic control features. The control circuitry  694  can operate to manage the power delivered to the heating or cooling element  660 . The control circuitry can also be used to manage the charging of the one or more energy storage devices  680 . In another embodiment, an insulative member, such as the insulative member  70 ,  470  discussed above, can be disposed between the base  626  of the inner circumferential wall  620  and the electronic module  690  to thermally isolate the heating or cooling element  660  from the electronic module  690 . 
     In one embodiment, the wireless power receiver  692  is electrically connected to the battery charger  696 , which is electrically connected to the energy storage devices  680  that in turn are electrically connected to the heating or cooling element  660 . In another embodiment, where energy storage devices  680  are excluded, the wireless power receiver  692  can be electrically connected to the heating or cooling element  660 . In one embodiment, the heating or cooling system  655  is completely disposed in the cavity  630  so that no part of the system  655  is visible (i.e., the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container looks like a conventional travel mug). 
     In one embodiment, the bottom portion  640  can be removably attached to the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container to allow access to the heating or cooling system  655  in the cavity  630 . For example, the bottom portion  640  can be mechanically coupled to the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container (e.g., with screws, a threaded interface between the bottom portion  640  and travel mug  600 , a press-fit connection). The bottom portion  640  can be removed to allow the replacing of the one or more energy storage devices  680  and the servicing of the heating or cooling system  655 . In one embodiment, the bottom portion  640  can be a water resistant lid that can be removably attachable (e.g., threaded on or screwed) to the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container for accessing the heating or cooling system  655 . In another embodiment, the bottom portion  640  can be a water resistant lid that can be removably attachable (e.g., threaded on or screwed) to the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container for accessing the one or more energy storage devices  680 . In yet another embodiment, the energy storage devices  680  can be in a pack that is attached (e.g., threaded snap fit, screwed down) onto the bottom or side of the travel mug  600 , where the pack&#39;s electrical contacts connect with a set of electrical contacts on the bottom or side of the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. 
     With continued reference to  FIGS.  10 - 12   , a charging base  700  for the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can include a recessed portion  710  with a base  720 , where the recessed portion  710  is sized and shaped to at least partially receive the distal portion of the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container therein, so that a bottom surface  642  of the bottom portion  640  is adjacent the base  720  when the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container is placed on the charging base  700 . The charging base  700  can include a wireless power transmitter (not shown) attached to a bottom surface of the base  720 , in a similar manner as discussed above in connection with the charging base  200 ,  500 . The wireless power transmitter is arranged on the bottom surface of the base  720  so as to generally align with the electronic module  690  when the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container is positioned on the charging base  700  to facilitate wireless power transmission between the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver  692  (e.g., via short distance wireless energy transfer, such as inductive coupling, as discussed above). In another embodiment, the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can have a recessed portion, and the charging base  700  a corresponding protruding portion that can at least partially fit within the recessed portion of the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container when the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container is coupled to the charging base  700 . The wireless power transmitter can be electrically connected to a power source (not shown), such as a wall outlet, via a power cord (not shown). 
     In another embodiment, the charging base  700  can be excluded and power can be transmitted to the wireless power receiver  692  via a remote power transmitter using long-distance wireless energy transmission, as further discussed below. In this embodiment, where the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container also does not have energy storage devices, such as the energy storage devices  680 , the heating or cooling element  660  is electrically connected to the wireless power receiver  692  via the control circuit  694 , which is operable to control the amount of power that is provided to the heating or cooling element  660 . During operation, if the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container is out of range of the wireless power transmission, the heating or cooling element  660  will lose power and shut off. For example, in this embodiment if the mug  600  is not on a charging base, such as the charging base  700 , or out of the range of power transmission from a remote wireless power transmitter, the heating or cooling element  660  in the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container will lose power and shut off. In still another embodiment, the travel mug  600 , or plate  100 , bowl or serving dish or mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can include one or more energy storage devices  80 ,  480 ,  680  electrically connected to the heating or cooling element  60 ,  460 ,  660  and the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690  can switch to battery power (e.g., via the control circuit  94 ,  494 ,  694 ) when the travel mug  600 , plate  100 , bowl or serving dish or mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container is out of range of power transmission from the remote wireless power transmitter so that the heating or cooling element  60 ,  460 ,  660  can continue to heat or cool the contents of the travel mug  600 , plate  100 , bowl or serving dish or mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container for a period of time. 
     As with the embodiments discussed above, the heating or cooling element  660  can in one embodiment be a heater wire or heating wire. In another embodiment, the heating or cooling element  660  can be a resistive heater. However, in other embodiments, the heating or cooling element  660  can include other suitable mechanisms. In one embodiment, the heating or cooling element  660  can be an active cooling element or a passive cooling element. For example, where the heating or cooling element  660  is a passive cooling element, the heating or cooling element  660  can include a thermoelectric system with one or more Peltier elements. In another embodiment, where the heating or cooling element  660  is an active cooling element, the heating or cooling element  660  can include a chilled fluid circulation system with channels (not shown) disposed in contact with, or in proximity to, the distal portion  624  of the inner circumferential wall  620 . In still another embodiment, the heating or cooling element  660  can be a FREON® cooling system with an expansion channel inside the bottom portion of the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container (or other dishware device). However, the heating or cooling element  660  can include other suitable active cooling arrangements. 
     The one or more energy storage devices  680  can advantageously supply power to the heating or cooling element  660  for a prolonged period of time before its power charge diminishes, thereby advantageously maintaining the contents of the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container (e.g., coffee, soft drink) hot or cold, for a prolonged period of time (e.g., while a user is commuting to work). In one embodiment, the energy storage devices  680  can power the heating or cooling element  660  for at least 15 minutes. In another embodiment, the energy storage devices  680  can power the heating or cooling element  660  for between about 30 minutes and about 60 minutes. However, in another embodiment, the energy storage devices  680  can power the heating or cooling element  660  for greater than 60 minutes. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container includes a user interface  695  that is electrically connected to the electronic module  690  via one or more electrical lines (not shown). In one embodiment, the electrical lines can include trace patterns screen printed on an inner surface  610   a  of the inner circumferential wall  610  and extend between the user interface  695  and the electronic module  690 . In another embodiment, the electrical lines can include one or more standard electrical wires. The user interface  695  can include one or more user selection members  695   a , such as buttons, which the user can actuate to effect a desired control of the heating or cooling system  655 . For example, one of the user selection members  695   a  can be used to turn off the heating or cooling element  660  (e.g., if the user does not want to continue to heat or cool the contents of the travel mug  600 ). In another embodiment, one or more of the user selection members  695   a  can be used to control the heating or cooling element  660  to provide a desired temperature for the liquid in the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. In still another embodiment, at least one of the user selection members  695   a  can be used to set a timer for when power to the heating or cooling element  660  is to be turned off. However, the user selection members  695   a  can be used to control other parameters of the operation of the heating or cooling element  660 . For example, the heating or cooling element  660  could have multiple power settings that can be set with the user selection members  695   a . When set to a higher power setting the heating or cooling element  660  will run for a shorter period of time before the power storage element  680  can no longer power the heating or cooling element  660 . When set to a lower power setting, the heating or cooling element  660  will run for a longer period of time before the power storage element  680  can no longer power the heating or cooling element  660 . In another embodiment, the temperature level can be selected by a user via an adjustable thermostat on the user interface  695 . The thermostat can advantageously be adjusted to one of multiple temperature settings by the user to control the heating or cooling element  660  within the travel mug  600  (or other dishware or drinkware device) in order to maintain its contents at a specified temperature or within a specified temperature range. 
     As discussed above, in one embodiment, the heating or cooling system  655  is advantageously housed in the body of the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container (e.g., housed in the cavity  630 ) so that no portion of the heating or cooling system  655  is exposed or can be contacted by a user while holding the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. Therefore, the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can advantageously be exposed to water or other liquids, e.g., in a sink or in a dishwasher, without exposing the heating or cooling system  655  to said water or liquids, thereby inhibiting damage to the heating or cooling system  655 . Additionally, by being housed in the body of the travel mug  600 , the travel mug  600  can be aesthetically pleasing as it looks like a conventional travel mug. In another embodiment, the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can include one or more electrical contacts (e.g., electrical posts, contact pads) on an outer surface of the travel mug  600 , as discussed above in connection with the mug  400 , where the electrical contacts are sized and shaped to contact corresponding electrical contacts (not shown) on the charging base  700  when the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container is placed on the charging base  700 . 
     In another embodiment, the heating or cooling system  655  can be housed in a non-water proof module that can be removably attached to the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container (e.g., threadably coupled to the travel mug  600 , or coupled via a pin/slot assembly where the module twists into the bottom of a travel mug  600 ) to heat or cool the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. In this embodiment, when the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container is to be washed, the heating or cooling module can be decoupled from the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container before the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container is washed (e.g., placed in the washing machine). The heating or cooling module can then be placed on a corresponding charging station for use at a later time when it can again be coupled to a travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container to heat or cool food on the travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. 
       FIG.  13    shows another embodiment of a heated or cooled travel mug  600 ′, cup, water bottle or liquid container. The heated or cooled travel mug  600 ′, cup, water bottle or liquid container is similar to the heated or cooled travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container and includes the same components and features disclosed for the heated or cooled travel mug  600 , except as noted below. Thus, the reference numerals used to designate the various components of the heated or cooled travel mug  600 ′, cup, water bottle or liquid container are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the heated or cooled travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container in  FIGS.  10 - 12   , except that a “′” has been added to the reference numerals. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the heated or cooled travel mug  600 ′, cup, water bottle or liquid container has a heating or cooling element  660 ′ that includes a trace pattern that is traced or laid onto at least a portion of the inner surface  620   b ′ of the distal portion  624 ′ of the inner circumferential wall  620 ′. For example, the trace pattern can be screen printed onto the inner surface  620   b ′ and have a connecting portion (not shown) that electrically connects the heating or cooling element  660 ′ to the energy storage devices  680  or wireless power receiver  692 . This heating or cooling element configuration can also be incorporated into any other drinkware, dishware or serverware devices, such as the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , mug  400 , cup, baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container discussed below. 
       FIGS.  14 - 15    shows another embodiment of a heated or cooled travel mug  600 ″, cup, water bottle or liquid container. The heated or cooled travel mug  600 ″, cup, water bottle or liquid container is similar to the heated or cooled travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container and includes the same components and features disclosed for the heated or cooled travel mug  600 , except as noted below. Thus, the reference numerals used to designate the various components of the heated or cooled travel mug  600 ″, cup, water bottle or liquid container are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the heated or cooled travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container in  FIGS.  10 - 12   , except that a “″” has been added to the reference numerals. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the cavity  630 ″ in the heated or cooled travel mug  600 ″, cup, water bottle or liquid container can be subdivided by a base  614 ″ of the outer cylindrical wall  610 ″ and an adjacent top wall  616 ″ into a first cavity  630   a ″ between the bottom portion  640 ″ and the top wall  616 ′″ and a second cavity  630   b ″ between the base  614 ″ of the outer cylindrical wall  610 ″ and the annular gap  628 ″. The energy storage devices  680  and electronic module  690  are disposed in the first cavity  630   a ″. In the illustrated embodiment, the second cavity  630   b ″ is under a vacuum, which advantageously further thermally insulates the energy storage devices  680  and electronic module  690  from the heating or cooling element  660 . Additionally, having the second cavity  630   b ″ under a vacuum advantageously allows the inner surface  620   b  of the inner circumferential wall  620  to maintain its temperature for a longer period of time, and therefore maintain the temperature of the liquid in the chamber C for a longer period of time, as the vacuum in the second cavity  630   b ″ inhibits heat transfer through the outer cylindrical wall  610 ″ and base  614 ″. In the illustrated embodiment, the heating or cooling element  660  can be electrically connected to the one or more energy storage devices  680  and the electronic module  690  with a connector (e.g., one or more wires, or a trace line printed on the side wall  620   a ″,  610   a ″ of the inner and outer circumferential walls  610 ″,  620 ) (not shown) that extends between the first and second cavities  630   a ″,  630   b ″. This vacuum arrangement can also be incorporated into any other drinkware, dishware or serverware devices, such as the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , mug  400 , cup, baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container discussed below. 
     In one embodiment, the heating or cooling system  55 ,  455 ,  655  is embedded or housed in the body of the dishware device (e.g., plate  100 , mug  400 , travel mug  600 , etc.). In another embodiment, the heating or cooling system  55 ,  455 ,  655  can be housed in a closed water-resistant or water-proof compartment, such as the cavity  50 ,  450 ,  630  disposed in a recess of the dishware device. For example, in one embodiment the compartment can be disposed in said recess such that a surface of the compartment is flush with the surrounding surface of the dishware device. In another embodiment, the compartment can protrude from a surface of the dishware device. In one embodiment, the water resistant or water-proof compartment can be removably disposed in said recess of the dishware device (e.g., the compartment can be removably attachable to the dishware, drinkware or serverware device). In another embodiment, the water resistant or water-proof compartment can be fixed within said recess (e.g., attached to the dishware device within the recess via an adhesive, screws, etc.). 
     As discussed above, in one embodiment power can be transmitted wirelessly from a wireless power transmitter, such as the wireless power transmitter  240 ,  540 , to a wireless power receiver, such as the power receiver  92 ,  492 ,  692 , via short-distance wireless energy transfer, such as inductive coupling. In another embodiment, the wireless power receiver  92 ,  492 ,  692  of the heated or cooled dishware and drinkware, such as the mug  400 , plate  100 , bowl or serving dish and travel mug  600 , can receive power from a remote transmitter via long-distance wireless energy transmission, so that a charging base need not be used to transmit power to the heated or cooled dishware and drinkware. 
     In one embodiment, the remote transmitter can be disposed on a wall or ceiling of a home or restaurant, or can be disposed outside the home or restaurant. The transmitter can wirelessly transmit power over a distance of a few to several meters to the wireless power receiver  92 ,  492 ,  692  using resonant inductive coupling. In one embodiment, an inductive coil in the remote transmitter can have a capacitance plate attached to each end of the coil wire. As electricity travels through the coil, the coil can resonate with a resonant frequency that is a product of the inductance of the coil and the capacitance of the plates. The wireless power receiver, such as the wireless power receiver  92 ,  492 ,  692 , can have a similar inductive coil with the same resonant frequency as the inductive coil in the remote transmitter, so that energy can be transmitted from the transmitter to the wireless power receiver  92 ,  492 ,  692 . Accordingly, the heated or cooled dishware or drinkware, such as the mug  400 , plate  100 , bowl or serving dish and travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can be powered wirelessly without the use of a charging base. In use, a user can charge the one or more energy storage devices, such as the energy storage devices  80 ,  480 ,  680 , via the charging base and/or the remote transmitter. Once charged, the dishware or drinkware can be heated or cooled via the heating or cooling element  60 ,  460 ,  660  thereof to maintain food or liquids therein warm or chilled, as the case may be, for a prolonged period of time. Additionally, since the heating or cooling system  55 ,  455 ,  655  is disposed (e.g., embedded) in the body of the dishware or drinkware, such as the mug  400 , plate  100 , bowl or serving dish or travel mug  600 , the dishware and drinkware can be exposed to water (e.g., in a sink or dishwasher) while inhibiting damage to the heating or cooling system  55 ,  455 ,  655 . In another embodiment, as discussed above, the heating or cooling system  55 ,  455 ,  655  can be housed in a closed water resistant or water-proof compartment, where said compartment is fixed or removably attachable to the dishware device (e.g., mug  400 , plate  100 , etc.). 
     In one embodiment, the dishware or drinkware device (e.g., plate  100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container) can include an orientation sensor (e.g., gyro) that senses the orientation of the dishware or drinkware device, and communicates with the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690  to control the operation of the dishware or drinkware device. For example, the gyro can sense when the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish has been turned on its side or when the mug  400 , cup, water bottle, liquid container or travel mug  600  have been turned upside down (e.g., when loading into a dishwasher) and communicates a signal to the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690  to discontinue power to the heating or cooling element  60 ,  460 ,  660 , thereby turning the heating or cooling element off. However, other suitable devices (e.g., sensors) other than a gyro can be used to sense the orientation of the dishware, drinkware or serverware device, such as the plate  100 , mug  400 , cup, water bottle, liquid container or travel mug  600 . In another embodiment, the dishware or drinkware device (e.g. plate  100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container) can have one or more accelerometer sensors which can sense changes in velocity or changes in motion or in orientation of the dishware or drinkware. 
     In one embodiment, the orientation (or tilt) sensor can sense when the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish is tilted more than a certain predetermined amount (e.g., more than) 45° from the horizontal axis, and the electronic module  90  turns off power to the heating or cooling system  55  (e.g., to the heating or cooling element  60 ) and disables user interface buttons (discussed further below) on the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish. The plate  100 , bowl or serving dish can then be inserted into a dishwasher for cleaning. The user interface buttons can be enabled once the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish is placed back on the charging station, such as the charging stand  300 . 
     In another embodiment, the orientation (or tilt) sensor can sense when the mug  400 , cup, water bottle, liquid container or travel mug  600  is tilted by more than a certain predetermined amount (e.g., more than 135°) from the upright vertical axis, and the electronic module  490 ,  690  turns off power to the heating or cooling system  455 ,  655  (e.g., to the heating or cooling element  460 ,  660 ) and disables user interface buttons and sensors (such as liquid sensors or liquid level sensors, discussed further below) on the mug  400 , cup, water bottle, liquid container or travel mug  600 . The mug  400 , cup, water bottle, liquid container or travel mug  600  can then be inserted into a dishwasher for cleaning. The user interface buttons can be enabled once the mug  400 , cup, water bottle, liquid container or travel mug  600  is returned to a right side up orientation, and the mug  400 , cup, water bottle, liquid container or travel mug  600  can again be operated by selecting the “on” button thereon, or by placing the mug  400 , cup, water bottle, liquid container or travel mug  600  back on its associated charging stand  500 ,  700  and thereafter removing it, which resets the operation of the electronic module  490 ,  690 . 
     Though the orientation or tilt sensor feature disclosed above may be described in connection with a plate  100 , mug  400  or travel mug  600 , one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , travel mug  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Automatic Shut-Off 
     In one embodiment, the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690  of the plate  100 , mug  400  or travel mug  600  (or bowl, serving dish, cup, water bottle or liquid container) can automatically turn off power to the heating or cooling element  60 ,  460 ,  660  (e.g., via the control circuitry  94 ,  494 ,  694 ), when a predetermined level of the one or more electrical energy storage devices  80 ,  480 ,  680  (e.g., batteries) is detected. For example, if the charge or electrical energy storage level of the one or more electrical energy storage devices  80 ,  480 ,  680  is below a predetermined percentage of an amount corresponding to a full charge, the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690  can shut-off power to the heating or cooling element  60 ,  460 ,  960  to inhibit damage to the electrical energy storage devices  80 ,  480 ,  680  or other components of the plate  100 , mug  400  or travel mug  600  (or bowl, serving dish, cup, water bottle or liquid container). In one embodiment, the predetermined power level of the electrical energy storage devices  80 ,  460 ,  660  below which power to the heating or cooling element(s)  60 ,  460 ,  660  is shut off can be about 30%. However, in other embodiments, the predetermined charge level can be higher or lower than this value (e.g., 20%). 
     Though the automatic shut-off feature disclosed above may be described in connection with a plate  100 , mug  400  or travel mug  600 , one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup, bottle, baby bottle and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , travel mug  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Timed Shut-Off 
     In another embodiment, the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690  of the plate  100 , mug  400  or travel mug  600  (or bowl, serving dish, water bottle or liquid container) can automatically turn off power to the heating or cooling element  60 ,  460 ,  660  (e.g., via the control circuitry  94 ,  494 ,  694 ) after a predetermined period of time during which the heating or cooling element  60 ,  460 ,  660  has been operating (e.g., continuously operating or intermittently operating). For example, in one embodiment, the predetermined period of time can be 3 hours. In another embodiment, the predetermined period of time can be 20 minutes. In still another embodiment, the predetermined period of time can be 5 hours. However, the predetermined period of time can be higher or lower than this. 
     Though the timed shut-off feature disclosed above may be described in connection with a plate  100 , mug  400  or travel mug  600 , one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , travel mug  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Operation Based on Food Detection 
     In one embodiment, the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish can have a have one or more sensors (such as sensors  820 A- 820 D in  FIG.  16   ) that sense when food has been placed on the plate, bowl or serving dish and sends a signal to the electronic module  90  (e.g., sends a signal to the controller circuit  94 ) to control the operation of the heating or cooling element  60  based at least in part on the signal. For example, the electronic module  90  can turn on the heating or cooling element  60  upon receiving the signal that food has been placed on the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish. In one embodiment, the sensor can be a weight sensor. In one embodiment, the sensor can be a pressure sensor. In one embodiment, the sensor can be a liquid sensor. In one embodiment, the sensor can be a proximity sensor. In one embodiment, the sensor can be an optical sensor. In one embodiment, the sensor can be a near field sensor. In one embodiment, the sensor can sense a change in resonant frequency when food is placed on the plate, bowl or serving dish. For example, a component of the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish can transmit or broadcast a signal at a standard frequency and the sensor can sense a change or shift in the frequency of the signal (e.g., ultrasound type detection). In one embodiment, the frequency can be above or below an inductive coupling frequency (e.g., above or below about 100-120 kHz). For example, in one embodiment, the broadcast frequency of the signal can be about 40-50 kHz. In an embodiment where the sensor is an optical sensor, the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish can act as an optical filter and the optical signal can be transmitted through the plate, bowl or serving dish. In such an embodiment, the sensor would sense a modulated signal, relative to the set optical signal, which would indicate the presence of food on the plate  100 . In another embodiment, the sensor could be a temperature sensor (such as sensors  820 A- 820 D in  FIG.  16   ), which could detect a change in temperature (due to placement of food on the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish), to thereby sense the presence of food on the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish. Any combination of the above sensing techniques can be used to enhance the food detection capabilities of the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish. 
     Similarly, the mug  400  or travel mug  600  (or cup, water bottle or liquid container) can have a sensor, or combination of sensors such as the sensors discussed above, to sense when liquid is present within the mug  400  or travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. In one embodiment, when the mug  400  or travel mug  600  is removed from its associated charging station  500 ,  700  or inductive coupling power pad, the electronic module  490 ,  690  can place the mug  400  and travel mug  600  in standby mode and activate the liquid sensor. In one embodiment, the liquid sensor can be located at a bottom inner surface of the mug  400  or travel mug  600 , or at a distance from the bottom surface of the mug  400  or travel mug  600  (e.g., at ½ inch or 1 inch from the bottom along the inner side surface, though other locations are possible). Once liquid is poured into the mug  400  or travel mug  600 , the liquid sensor can sense the liquid (e.g., via sensing of a change in temperature, weight, pressure, electrical conductivity, electrical continuity, electrical resistance between two conductors, change in frequency detection, optical sensor, or any combination of sensors above) and turn on the heating or cooling system  455 ,  655  (e.g., after liquid has been sensed for a predetermined period of time, such as 2 seconds, or substantially instantaneously if desired, such as within less than 0.1 sec or 0.1 msec of sensing. In one embodiment, the mug  400  or travel mug  600  can have a visual indicator or screen (e.g., digital screen) that can be activated upon turning on of the heating or cooling system  455 ,  655  (e.g., illustrating an illuminated logo, or temperature mode, or displaying the temperature of the liquid, etc.). In another embodiment, the visual indicator can be an illuminated logo or icon or can be a simple indicator light which tells the user that the heating or cooling system  455 ,  655  has been activated. Once on, the mug  400  or travel mug  600  can operate the heating or cooling element  460 ,  660  at a predetermined user selected temperature (e.g., the temperature selected by the user the last time the mug  400  or travel mug  600  was used, or a new temperature that the user has selected). The user can change the power level setting or temperature setting via one or more buttons (e.g., soft touch, touch switch, dial, push-button, touch pad, etc.) on a user interface of the mug  400  or travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. In another embodiment, the power level or temperature setting can be adjusted using a dial, a switch, a gesture sensor, or any other type of user-interface mechanism in communication with the electronic module  490 ,  690 . In one embodiment, the user-interface display on the mug  400  or travel mug  600  can warn a user if the liquid within the mug  400  or travel mug  600  is too hot to consume or is above or below a predetermined temperature (e.g., the user&#39;s preferred or selected temperature). 
     The heating or cooling system  455  or  655  of the mug  400  or travel mug  600  can be configured to turn off once the liquid sensor (or combination of sensors) senses that the liquid inside the mug  400  or travel mug  600  has been depleted to a predetermined level or depleted completely. Once liquid is again poured into the mug  400  or travel mug  600  so that the sensor (or combination of sensors) senses the poured liquid, the mug  400  or travel mug  600  can again be operated as described above. 
     Additionally, the mug  400  or travel mug  600  can have one or more liquid level sensors for detecting a liquid level in the mug  400  or travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. The one or more liquid level sensors can be of the type discussed above (e.g., sensing a change in temperature, weight, pressure, electrical conductivity, electrical continuity, electrical resistance between two conductors, frequency detection such as ultrasound frequency detection, change in frequency, optical sensor, or any combination above) and can communicate sensed information to the electronic module  490 ,  690 , which can transmit information to one or more indicators (e.g., visual indicators or audible indicator, such as a sound, or a vibration) on the mug  400  or travel mug  600  to indicate to the user the amount of liquid left in the mug  400  or travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container (or that the liquid in the cup, mug, or travel mug is at, above, or below, the user preferred drinking temperature). In one embodiment, the liquid level sensor can be used in combination with the orientation sensor (e.g. gyro) so that the liquid level within the mug  400  or travel mug  600  will only be taken when the mug  400  or travel mug  600  is in the upright position. This technique would advantageously avoid the improper reading of the liquid level when the user tilts the mug off of vertical axis to take a drink. In one embodiment, the one or more liquid level sensors can communicate signals to the electronic module  490 ,  690 , allowing the electronic module  490 ,  690  to determine if the mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container has been tilted. Accordingly, the one or more liquid level sensors can operate as orientation sensors to sense an orientation of the mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. 
     In one embodiment, the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottle or liquid container (such as beer mug  1600 , baby bottle  1500 ) can have one or more liquid level sensors (e.g. ultrasound sensors, as discussed above). In one embodiment, the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottle or liquid container (such as beer mug  1600 , baby bottle  1500 ) can have a plurality of liquid level sensors (e.g., disposed at various vertical locations of the sidewall, such as sidewall SW in  FIG.  34 A ). In one embodiment, the one or more liquid level sensors can communicate liquid level information to the electronic module (such as electronic module EM, see  FIG.  44   ), and the electronic module can operate the one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., see HC in  FIG.  44   ) based at least in part on said sensed level information. For example, in one embodiment the electronic module could turn on, turn off or adjust power to at least one of the one or more heating or cooling elements based at least in part on said sensed level information. 
     In one embodiment, where the one or more heating or cooling elements are arranged vertically on a sidewall (e.g., a panel embedded in the sidewall) of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottle or liquid container (such as beer mug  1600 , baby bottle  1500 ), as discussed further below, the electronic module can turn off each of the heating or cooling elements as the liquid level drops below the vertical location of said heating or cooling element (see  FIGS.  34 A- 34 C ). This can advantageously allow the efficient operation of the heating or cooling elements, as they are not operated once the liquid level has dropped below the location of the heating or cooling element. 
     In one embodiment, the liquid level sensing of a cup, mug, travel mug, baby bottle, beer mug, carafe, water bottle or liquid container can be achieved through sensed electrical characteristics of the heating or cooling elements (e.g. when a heating or cooling element is submerged beneath a liquid level, or alternatively, exposed above a liquid level, the control circuitry can be configured to recognize the difference in the electrical characteristics of the heating or cooling element in order to determine if a heating or cooling element is below or above a liquid level). In this embodiment, the heating or cooling elements can be used to determine a general liquid level within the cup, mug, travel mug, baby bottle, beer mug, carafe, water bottle or liquid container. This method of sensing is also advantageous for sensing if the liquid is near or not near a heating or cooling element (e.g. if the user places his or her cup, mug, travel mug, baby bottle, beer mug, carafe, water bottle or liquid container on its side, or partially on its side, the control circuitry can sense that the liquid is not in thermal contact with said heating or cooling element, and can turn off or reduce power to said heating or cooling element). 
     Though operation based on sensing the presence of food (solid or liquid) disclosed above may be described in connection with a plate  100 , mug  400  or travel mug  600 , one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , travel mug  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Power Level Adjustment to Heating/Cooling Element Based on Food Heat Absorption 
     In one embodiment, the plate  100 , mug  400  or travel mug  600  (or bowl, serving dish, cup, water bottle or liquid container) can have a temperature sensor (such as the sensors  820 A- 820 D in  FIG.  16   ) in communication with the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690  (e.g., in communication with the control circuitry  94 ,  494 ,  694 ). The temperature sensor can sense a temperature of food placed on the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish or sense a temperature of a liquid poured into the mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. The temperature sensor can be an infrared sensor, a thermistor, thermocouple, a diode type sensor, a resistance temperature detector (RTD) sensor or any other suitable type of temperature sensor. 
     With respect to the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish, the sensor (such as sensors  820 A- 820 D of plate  800  in  FIG.  16   ) can sense the temperature of the food placed on the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish and communicate the sensed temperature to the electronic module  90 , which can then modulate power to the heating or cooling element  60  to vary (e.g. increase or decrease) the amount of energy provided by the heating or cooling element  60  to the plate, bowl or serving dish based on the difference between the sensed temperature and a user selected temperature set point for the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish. In one embodiment, if when placed on the plate, bowl or serving dish the food is above the user selected temperature set point, the electronic module  90  can control the heating or cooling element  60  to not activate (or to shut-off if the heating or cooling element  60  has been in operation). This can advantageously extend the working time of the one or more electrical energy storage devices  80  (e.g., between charging events), which can allow the heating or cooling system  55  to have a longer working time (e.g., between charging events of the one or more electrical energy storage devices  80 ). In another embodiment, the electronic module  90  can control the operation of the heating or cooling element  60  to actively decrease or increase the temperature of the food toward the user selected temperature set point. As the temperature of the food on the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish decreases or increases, the electronic module  90  can control the operation of the heating or cooling element  60  (e.g., adjust the power level up or down to increase or decrease the amount of energy provided by the heating or cooling element  60 ) based at least in part on feedback to the electronic module  90  from the food temperature sensor to provide energy to the food to maintain the temperature of the food at the user selected temperature set point, or within a given temperature range about the user selected temperature set point. In one embodiment, the temperature sensor can be located on the food-receiving surface of the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish generally at the center, or multiple sensors can be spread out across the food-receiving surface of the plate, bowl or serving dish so that an average temperature can be used (e.g., sensors  820 A- 820 D on surface S of plate  800  in  FIG.  16   , or sensors  920  on surface S of plate  900  in  FIG.  18   ). In another embodiment, discussed further below, where the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish has a plurality of heating or cooling elements  60  (e.g., heating or cooling elements  860 A- 860 D in  FIG.  16   , or heating or cooling elements  960  in  FIG.  18   ) that provide energy to different sections (e.g., quadrants) of the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish, a plurality of temperature sensors can be provided, each temperature sensor associated with one of said different sections of the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish. In still another embodiment, the temperature sensor can be located so that it is in communication with the food receiving surface of the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish even if the sensor is not located on the food receiving surface (e.g., the sensor can be located on an underside of the heated portion of the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish). 
     With respect to the mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container, the sensor can sense the temperature of the liquid poured into the mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container, and communicate the sensed temperature to the electronic module  490 ,  690 , which can then modulate power to the heating or cooling element  460 ,  660  to vary (e.g. increase or decrease) the amount of energy provided by the heating or cooling element  460 ,  660  to the mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container based on the difference between the sensed temperature and a user selected temperature set point for the mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. In one embodiment, if when poured into the mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container the liquid (e.g., coffee, tea) is above the user selected temperature set point, the electronic module  490 ,  690  can control the heating element  460 ,  660  to not activate (or to shut-off if the heating element  460 ,  660  has been in operation). This can advantageously extend the working time of the one or more electrical energy storage devices  480 ,  680  (e.g., between charging events), which can allow the heating or cooling system  455 ,  655  to have a longer working time (e.g., between charging events of the one or more electrical energy storage devices  480 ,  680 ). 
     In another embodiment, the electronic module  490 ,  690  can control the operation of the heating or cooling element  460 ,  660  to actively decrease the temperature of the liquid toward the user selected temperature set point. As the temperature of the liquid in the mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container decreases, the electronic module  490 ,  690  can control the operation of the heating or cooling element  460 ,  660  (e.g., adjust the power level up or down to increase or decrease the amount of energy provided by the heating or cooling element  460 ,  660 ) based at least in part on feedback to the electronic module  490 ,  690  from liquid temperature sensor to provide energy to the liquid to maintain the temperature of the liquid at the user selected temperature set point, or within a given temperature range about the user selected temperature set point. In one embodiment, the temperature sensor can be located on the liquid-receiving surface of the mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. For example, in one embodiment, the temperature sensor can be provided on an inner side surface of the mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container a certain distance (e.g., one inch, or other distance) from a bottom surface. In another embodiment, the temperature sensor can be provided on the bottom surface of the liquid-receiving portion of the mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. In still another embodiment, the temperature sensor can be located so that it is in communication with the liquid receiving surface of the mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container, even if the sensor is not located on the inner surface (e.g., sensor could be located beneath the surface or integrated into the surface) of the mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. 
     Though power level adjustment to the heating or cooling element  60 ,  460 ,  660  based on heat absorption of the food item (solid or liquid) disclosed above may be described in connection with a plate  100 , mug  400  or travel mug  600 , one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , travel mug  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Thermal Protector Switch 
     In one embodiment, the plate  100  (or bowl or serving dish), mug  400  and travel mug  600  (or cup, water bottle or liquid container) can have a thermal protection switch (e.g., as part of the controller circuit  94 ,  494 ,  694 ). In use, if the temperature of the heating or cooling system  55 ,  455 ,  655  (e.g., the temperature of the heating or cooling element  60 ,  460 ,  660 ) of the plate  100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container rises above a predetermined temperature (e.g., a predetermined high temperature limit), the thermal protection switch will open a circuit that electrically connects the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690  and the heating or cooling element  60 ,  460 ,  660 , so that the heating or cooling element will turn off. 
     Though the thermal protection switch (or circuit) disclosed above may be described in connection with a plate  100 , mug  400  or travel mug  600 , one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , travel mug  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Battery Maintenance 
     In one embodiment, where the one or more electrical energy storage devices  80 ,  480 ,  680  are batteries, the plate  100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can have smart battery functions to maximize the life of the one or more batteries  80 ,  480 ,  680 . For example, the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690  can operate the heating or cooling system  55 ,  455 ,  655  so that the one or more batteries  80 ,  480 ,  680  are drained at certain intervals. In one embodiment, the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690  (e.g., charging circuit  96 ,  496 ,  696 ) can monitor cell balancing of the one or more batteries  80 ,  480 ,  680  during operation, as well as the discharge rate of the one or more batteries  80 ,  480 ,  680 . The charging circuit  96 ,  496 ,  696  can also monitor the one or more batteries  80 ,  480 ,  680  to determine if they are all giving up energy generally equally, as well as that the battery level is not unsafe. 
     Additionally, the charging circuit  96 ,  496 ,  696  can control the charging operation of the plate  100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container to ensure the one or more batteries  80 ,  480 ,  680  are not overcharged and can discontinue the charging process once battery charge reaches full capacity. In another embodiment, if a plate  100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container has been sitting on the charging station for a while without use and the battery level has decreased over time, the charging circuit  96 ,  496 ,  696  can sense this drop off in battery level and allow the one or more batteries  80 ,  480 ,  680  to be charged to reach a predetermined full charge level. The charging circuit  96 ,  496 ,  696  can also sense a discharge rate for the one or more batteries  80 ,  480 ,  680 . If the discharge rate exceeds a rate that is acceptable or will cause long-term damage to the one or more batteries  80 ,  480 ,  680 , the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690  can provide a visual indication, audible indication, and/or reduce power to the heating or cooling element  60 ,  460 ,  660 . 
     Though smart battery functions (e.g., maintenance) disclosed above may be described in connection with a plate  100 , mug  400  or travel mug  600 , one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , travel mug  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Isolated Heating Areas 
       FIG.  16    shows another embodiment of a plate  800 , bowl or serving dish. The plate  800 , bowl or serving dish is similar to the plate  100 ,  100 ′ described above and includes the same components (with the same numerical identifiers) and features disclosed for the plate  100 ,  100 ′, except as noted below. 
     In one embodiment, the plate  800 , bowl or serving dish can have a plurality of heating or cooling elements  860 A- 860 D, each of the heating or cooling elements  860 A- 860 D associated with a particular section (e.g., quadrant, half, or other fraction)  810 A- 810 D of the plate  800 , bowl or serving dish (e.g., a section of a flat portion of the plate where food is placed), isolated from each other, and being operated by the electronic module  90  independently of the other heating or cooling elements  860 A- 860 D based on input from the user (e.g., via a user interface on the plate  800 , bowl or serving dish, discussed further below). For example, the plurality of heating or cooling elements  860 A- 860 D could be arranged in a grid, where each of the heating or cooling elements  860 A- 860 D can heat a section of the plate  800 , bowl or serving dish associated with that portion of the grid. For example, the user could turn on and off the heating or cooling element  860 A- 860 D in a particular area (e.g., quadrant) of the plate  800 , bowl or serving dish via a user interface, such as the user interface  830  of plate  800 ′ in  FIG.  17   . The plate  800 ′ is similar to the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800  described above and includes the same components (with the same numerical identifiers) and features disclosed for the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 , except as noted below. In one embodiment, the plate  800 ,  800 ′, bowl or serving dish could provide a visual indicator  830  of which sections (e.g., quadrants) of the plate  800 ,  800 ′, bowl or serving dish have the heating or cooling element  860 A- 860 D turned on or off (or in cooling mode versus heating mode), described further below. Said visual indication could be provided (e.g., on a rim or edge of the plate  800 ,  800 ′, bowl or serving dish, as shown in  FIG.  17   ) via one or more light sources or visual indicators (e.g., electroluminescence, OLEDs, or any other type of flat light emitter or slide light emitter, or edge lighting or a digital screen) in communication with the electronic module  90 . In another embodiment, the sections of the plate  800 ,  800 ′, bowl or serving dish that are being actively heated or cooled could be illuminated using one or more light sources, such as those described above. 
     In one embodiment, one section  810 A- 810 D of the plate  800 ,  800 ′, bowl or serving dish can have its associated heating or cooling element  860 A- 860 D turned on to heat the section of the plate  800 ,  800 ′, bowl or serving dish (e.g., where the section receives a hot food item, such as steak), and another section  810 A- 810 D (e.g., quadrant, half) of the plate  800 ,  800 ′, bowl or serving dish could have its associated heating or cooling element  860 A- 860 D turned off where the section of the plate  800 ,  800 ′, bowl or serving dish receives a cold food item, such as salad). As discussed above, the plate  800 ,  800 ′, bowl or serving dish can have a plurality of temperature sensors  820 A- 820 D for sensing a temperature of food placed on the plate  800 ,  800 ′, bowl or serving dish, where each (or a plurality) of the temperature sensors  820 A- 820 D is associated with one of said sections  810 A- 810 D of the plate  800 ,  800 ′, bowl or serving dish. The temperature sensor  820 A- 820 D can communicate the sensed temperature to the electronic module  90  (e.g., to the control circuitry  94 ), and the electronic module  90  can determine whether a hot (e.g., steak) or cold (e.g., salad) food item is placed on the particular section of the plate  800 ,  800 ′, bowl or serving dish based at least in part on the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor  820 A- 820 D in that section  810 A- 810 D. The electronic module  90  can turn on the heating element  860 A- 860 D associated with that section  810 A- 810 D if a hot food item has been placed thereon, or keep the heating element  860 A- 860 D off if a cold food item has been placed thereon. In another embodiment, the electronic module  90  can control at least one operating parameter of the heating or cooling system  55  (e.g., of the one or more heating or cooling elements  860 A- 860 D) of the one or more plates  800 ,  800 ′, bowl or serving dishes based at least in part on an average of sensed temperature information from the plurality of temperature sensors  820 A- 820 D. For example, the one or more temperature sensors  820 A- 820 D associated with a particular section  810 A- 810 D of the plate  800 ,  800 ′, bowl or serving dish can communicate temperature information to the electronic module  90 , the control circuitry  94  can average the sensed temperatures, and the electronic module can control operation of the heating or cooling element  860 A- 860 D based at least in part on the average of the sensed temperatures (e.g., increase power to the heating or cooling element  860 A- 860 D if the average temperature is below the user selected temperature set point or a range about said set point, maintain the same power to the heating or cooling element  860 A- 860 D if the average temperature is within said range about the user selected temperature set point, or maintain power to the heating or cooling element  860 A- 860 D off if the average temperature is above said range about the user selected temperature set point). 
       FIG.  18    shows another embodiment of a plate  900 , bowl or serving dish. The plate  900  is similar to the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′ described above and includes the same components (with the same numerical identifiers) and features disclosed for the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′, except as noted below. 
     In one embodiment, the plate  900 , bowl or serving dish can have a plurality of heating or cooling elements  960  that can be a plurality of thermoelectric elements (e.g., Peltier elements), where each of the thermoelectric elements  960  is associated with a different section  910  (e.g., quadrant, half, other fraction) of the plate  900 , bowl or serving dish. The electronic module  90  can control power delivery to each of the thermoelectric elements  960 , and the polarity to the thermoelectric element to control whether the thermoelectric element  960  (e.g., Peltier element) operates as a heating device or as a cooling device to heat or cool the particular section  910  of the plate  900 , bowl or serving dish associated with the thermoelectric element  960 . As discussed above, each of the sections  910  of the plate  900 , bowl or serving dish can have a separate temperature sensor  920  for sensing the temperature of the food placed on that section  910  of the plate  900 , bowl or serving dish. The temperature information can be communicated to the electronic module  90 , which can then operate the thermoelectric elements  960  to heat or cool the particular section  910  of the plate  900 , bowl or serving dish based at least in part on the sensed temperature information. For example, if a hot food item (e.g., steak) is placed on one or more sections  910  of the plate  900 , bowl or serving dish, the electronic module  90  can control the operation of the thermoelectric element  960  associated with the one or more sections  910  to operate as a heating element to heat the one or more sections  910  of the plate  900 , bowl or serving dish to maintain the hot food item at a certain temperature (or within a range of a user selected temperature). Additionally, if a cold food item (e.g., salad) is placed on another section  910  of the plate  900 , bowl or serving dish, the electronic module  90  can control the operation of the electronic element  960  associated with that section  910  to operate as a cooling element to cool the section  910  of the plate  900 , bowl or serving dish to maintain the cold food item at a certain temperature (e.g., the initial sensed temperature of the cold food item). In another embodiment, a Peltier type cooling system can be used in combination with a heating system (e.g. one or more heating elements) so that all or a portion of the plate can be either heated or cooled. In another embodiment, the plurality of heating or cooling elements can be heating elements. 
     Though the isolated heating areas disclosed above may be described in connection with a plate  800 ,  800 ′,  900 , one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600  and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , travel mug  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     In one embodiment, the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , and/or liquid container can have one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., Peltier elements, heater wire, etc.) HC, as discussed above, such as a plurality of heating or cooling elements HC. The one or more heating or cooling elements HC (e.g., multiple heating or cooling elements HC) can be arranged along or around a side wall SW (e.g., incorporated into the side wall) of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , and/or liquid container, as shown in  FIGS.  34 A- 34 C . In one embodiment, the one or more heating or cooling elements HC can be arranged along or around a sidewall at two or more locations (e.g., have multiple heating or cooling elements on two opposite sides, or wrapping around the circumference) of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container. 
     In one embodiment, as discussed above, the one or more heating or cooling elements HC (e.g., a plurality of heating or cooling elements HC) can be operated independently of each other (e.g., each of the heating or cooling elements, such as Peltier elements, can be operated to heat or cool depending on the selected mode of operation). 
     In one embodiment, the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container can have a plurality of thermoelectric elements along a side wall SW (such as shown in  FIGS.  34 A- 34 C ). Control circuitry can be used to turn on or off the plurality of thermoelectric elements all together or independently. The control circuitry can also reverse the polarity to the thermoelectric elements all together or independently, so that the thermoelectric elements can be used to actively heat or actively cool the liquid within the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container depending on the polarity of the power that is delivered to said thermoelectric elements. 
     In one embodiment, the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container can have one thermoelectric element along a side wall SW. Control circuitry can be used to turn on or off the thermoelectric element. The control circuitry can also reverse the polarity to the thermoelectric element, so that the thermoelectric element can be used to actively heat or actively cool the liquid within the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container depending on the polarity of the power that is delivered to the said thermoelectric element. 
     In another embodiment, the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container can have one or more thermoelectric elements which can be used to actively cool the liquid within the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container, and one or more heating elements (e.g. heater wire) which can be used to actively heat the liquid within the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container. 
     In one embodiment, the heating or cooling elements HC can be operated (e.g., by the electronic module, such as the electronic module  690 ,  2090 ,  2190  disclosed herein) to induce, promote, facilitate or generate a circulation of liquid flow C (i.e. convection currents) within the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container, so as to facilitate a more uniform (e.g., even, constant) temperature across the volume of liquid. For example, the heating or cooling elements HC can be selectively operated to induce a counterclockwise flow C (i.e. convection current), as shown in  FIG.  34 A . In another embodiment, the heating or cooling elements HC can be selectively operated to induce a clockwise flow C (i.e. convection current), as shown in  FIG.  34 B . Advantageously, the circulation of liquid flow C or “waterfall effect”, where liquid circulates between the upper portion and the lower portion of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottle or liquid container (e.g., beer mug  1600 , baby bottle  1500 ) can cause natural convection heat transfer within the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottle or liquid container to thereby allow for more uniform heating or cooling of the liquid in the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottle or liquid container. In one embodiment, said circulation of the liquid advantageously results in the liquid in the bottom portion and the liquid in the top portion of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottle or liquid container having substantially the same temperature (e.g., differ in temperature by less than 15 degrees F., differ in temperature by less than 10 degrees F., differ in temperature by less than 5 degrees F., differ in temperature by less than 3 degrees F., differ in temperature by less than 1 deg. F.) such that the liquid in the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottle or liquid container has a substantially uniform temperature. 
     In one embodiment, the circulation effect can be induced, promoted, facilitated or generated simply by the strategic location of the heating or cooling element HC, or a plurality of heating or cooling elements HC. For example, in one embodiment, to actively cool the liquid within the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container, one or more cooling elements can be used (e.g. thermoelectric element), and can be located near a top level of the container, so that the liquid that is cooled by the one or more cooling elements HC begins to drop which displaces the warmer liquid that was at the bottom, which causes that warmer liquid to then rise, and the cycle repeats, which advantageously establishes a uniform liquid temperature within the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container. In another example, in yet another embodiment, to actively cool the liquid within the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container, one or more cooling elements HC can be used (e.g. thermoelectric element), and can be located along a side wall of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container, so that the liquid that is cooled by the one or more cooling elements HC begins to drop along the side wall which displaces the warmer liquid that was at the bottom, which causes that warmer liquid to then rise, and the cycle repeats, which advantageously establishes a uniform liquid temperature within the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container. In yet another example, to actively heat the liquid within the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container, one or more heating elements HC can be used (e.g. thermoelectric element, heater wire, etc.), and can be located near a base of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container, so that the liquid that is heated by the one or more heating elements HC begins to rise to the top which displaces the cooler liquid that was at the top, which causes that cooler liquid to then fall, and the cycle repeats, which advantageously establishes a uniform liquid temperature within the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container. In yet another example, to actively heat the liquid within the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container, one or more heating elements HC can be used (e.g. thermoelectric element, heater wire, etc.), and can be located along a side wall or around a side wall, near the bottom portion of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container, so that the liquid that is heated by the one or more heating elements begins to rise to the top which displaces the cooler liquid that was at the top, which causes that cooler liquid to then fall, and the cycle repeats, which advantageously establishes a uniform liquid temperature within the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container. 
     In one embodiment, the circulation effect can be induced, promoted, facilitated or generated by operating one or more of a plurality of heating or cooling elements HC. For example, in one embodiment, the circulation C can be induced, promoted, facilitated or generated by operating one of the plurality of heating or cooling elements HC (e.g., located in the top portion of the cup, mug, travel mug, baby bottle, beer mug, water bottle or liquid container). In another embodiment, the circulation can be induced, promoted, facilitated or generated by operating two of the plurality of heating or cooling elements HC (e.g., located in the top portion of the cup, mug, travel mug, baby bottle, beer mug, water bottle or liquid container). In still another embodiment, the circulation can be induced, promoted, facilitated or generated by operating more than two of the plurality of heating or cooling elements HC (e.g., located in the top portion of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container. In one embodiment, the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container can have four heating and cooling elements HC (e.g., in a panel disposed on or incorporated in a side wall of the cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container), such as shown in  FIGS.  34 A- 34 C . However, in other embodiments, the cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container can have fewer than four or more than four heating or cooling elements HC. In one embodiment, the one or more heating or cooling elements HC are preferably arranged on the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container and/or operated in a manner that such circulation of fluid is induced, promoted facilitated or generated. 
     In one embodiment, the heating or cooling elements HC can be spaced from each other (e.g., vertically spaced) along the sidewall of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400  baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container. In another embodiment, the heating or cooling elements HC can be adjacent each other. In still another embodiment, each of the heating or cooling elements HC can be in contact with at least one adjacent heating and cooling element. In one embodiment, the heating or cooling elements HC can be arranged in a panel (e.g., a panel of Peltier elements) or a cluster (e.g. a cluster of Peltier elements). 
     In one embodiment, the electronic module of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container can operate the one or more heating and cooling elements HC (e.g., Peltier elements, resistive coil heaters) to induce, promote, facilitate or generate said circulation flow C based at least in part on the sensed liquid level information sensed by the one or more liquid level sensors (e.g., ultrasound sensors) as discussed above (and as discussed further with respect to  FIG.  44    herein). For example, where the electronic module (such as the electronic module  490 ,  690 ,  2090 ,  2190 , EM) operates two or more heating or cooling elements HC in an upper portion of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottle or liquid container (e.g., beer mug  1600 , baby bottle  1500 ) to generate said circulation of flow C (e.g., even if there are more than two heating or cooling elements HC in the sidewall SW of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottle or liquid container), as the liquid level drops below the first HC 1  of the two or more heating and cooling elements HC, the electronic module can turn said first heating and cooling element HC 1  off. Optionally, the electronic module can also turn on, activate, or power on another heating or cooling element HC 2  below the second of the two heating and cooling elements HC so that there remain two or more heating and cooling elements HC in operation to effect said circulation flow. 
       FIG.  34 E  shows one embodiment of a liquid container LC (e.g., a cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle). The liquid container can have one or more power storage elements PS (e.g., batteries), an electronic module EM and one or more heating or cooling elements HC, as described in embodiments herein. In the illustrated embodiment, the liquid container LC can have a cooling element HC 3  that can be in thermal communication with at least a portion (e.g., one side) of a circumferential side wall SW that defines the liquid holding chamber (e.g., along at least a portion of the height of the holding chamber) and can have a heating element HC 4  in thermal communication with at least another portion (e.g., an opposite side) of the circumferential wall SW. In the illustrated embodiment, the cooling element HC 3  can have a greater height than the heating element HC 4 . In another embodiment, the height of the heating element and cooling element can be the same. In another embodiment the heating element can have a greater height than the cooling element. The liquid container LC can have a sensor LS disposed at the bottom of the liquid holding chamber. In one embodiment, the sensor LS can be a liquid level sensor, such as an ultrasound sensor. In other embodiments, the liquid level sensor can be other types of sensors discloses herein. In still other embodiments, the sensor LS can be a liquid quality sensor (e.g., pH sensor), a temperature sensor, a tilt sensor, etc., as described herein. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the cooling element HC 3  is operated (e.g., by the electronic module EM) to cool at least a portion of the wall SW it is in thermal communication with, while the heating element HC 4  is operated to heat at least a portion of the wall SW it is in thermal communication with. In one embodiment, the cooling element HC 3  is optionally operated at a higher power level than the heating element HC 4 . Advantageously, operation of the heating and cooling elements HC 3 , HC 4  induces, promotes, facilitates or generates the circulation C of the liquid within the chamber. In one embodiment, the one or more cooling elements on one side of the liquid container can induce a liquid falling effect (the coldest liquid within a body of liquid will sink) along that side SW of the liquid container. On the opposite side wall, one or more heating elements can induce a liquid rising effect (the hottest liquid within a body of liquid will rise). The falling of liquid down one side of the liquid container and the rising of the liquid along the opposite side of the liquid container can induce a circulation effect, advantageously circulating the liquid within the liquid container. This circulation effect can be used to stir or mix the liquid within the liquid container for the sake of discouraging more buoyant particles from separating from less buoyant particles, or the circulation effect can be used to keep the temperature of the liquid within the liquid container substantially uniform. 
       FIG.  34 F  shows another embodiment of a liquid container LC 2  (e.g., a cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle) that is similar to the liquid container LC except as described below. The liquid container LC 2  has one or more (e.g., multiple) heating or cooling elements HC in thermal communication with at least a portion of the circumferential side wall SW of the liquid holding chamber, and a heating or cooling element HC 4  in thermal communication with another portion (e.g., an opposite side) of the side wall SW. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, a cooling element HC 5  of the one or more heating or cooling elements HC is operated (e.g., by the electronic module EM) to cool the portion of the side wall SW it is in thermal communication with, while the heating element HC 4  is operated to heat the portion of the wall SW it is in thermal communication with. At least a portion of the cooling element HC 5  is disposed below liquid level. As the liquid level drops (e.g., due to consumption of the liquid by the user), the heating and cooling elements HC are operated (e.g., by the electronic module EM based at least in part on the sensed liquid level sensed by the liquid level sensor LS) so that only one or more cooling elements HC 5  at least partially below the liquid level or in thermal communication with the liquid, are operated. Advantageously, operation of the heating and cooling elements HC 5 , HC 4  induces, promotes, facilitates or generates the circulation C of the liquid within the chamber. 
       FIG.  34 G  shows another embodiment of a liquid container LC 3  (e.g., a cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle) that is similar to the liquid container LC except as described below. The liquid container LC 3  can have a cooling element HC 3  that can be in thermal communication with at least a portion (e.g., one side) of a circumferential side wall SW that defines the liquid holding chamber (e.g., along at least portion of the height of the holding chamber). Unlike the liquid container LC, the liquid container LC 3  does not have another heating or cooling element on another portion (e.g., on an opposite side) of the holding chamber. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the cooling element HC 3  is operated (e.g., by the electronic module EM) to cool the portion of the wall SW it is in thermal communication with. As shown in  FIG.  34 G , the cooling element HC 3  can remain in operation regardless of the change in liquid level, so that operation of the cooling element HC 3  in this embodiment does not depend on the sensed liquid level. The orientation and placement of the cooling element HC 3  along a sidewall of the liquid container can induce a liquid falling effect down that side of the liquid container and can induce, promote, facilitate or generate the circulation C of the liquid within the chamber. 
       FIG.  34 H  shows another embodiment of a liquid container LC 4  (e.g., a cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle) that is similar to the liquid container LC 2  except as described below. The liquid container LC 4  has one or more (e.g., multiple) cooling elements HC in thermal communication with at least a portion of the circumferential side wall SW of the liquid holding chamber. Unlike the liquid container LC 2 , the liquid container LC 4  does not have a heating element on another portion (e.g., on an opposite side) of the holding chamber. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, a cooling element HC 5  of the one or more cooling elements HC is operated (e.g., by the electronic module EM) to cool the portion of the side wall SW it is in thermal communication with. At least a portion of the cooling element HC 5  is disposed below liquid level. As the liquid level drops (e.g., due to consumption of the liquid by the user), the cooling elements HC are operated (e.g., by the electronic module EM based at least in part on the sensed liquid level sensed by the liquid level sensor LS) so that only one or more cooling elements HC 5  at least partially below the liquid level or in thermal communication with the liquid, are operated. Advantageously, operation of the cooling element HC 5  induces, promotes, facilitates or generates the circulation C of the liquid within the chamber. 
       FIG.  34 I  shows another embodiment of a liquid container LC 5  (e.g., a cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle). The liquid container LC 5  can include a liquid holding chamber H with thermally conductive walls SW′. The liquid container LC 5  can also have a heating or cooling element HC 6  in thermal communication with at least a portion of the liquid holding chamber H. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the heating and cooling element HC 6  is operated (e.g., by the electronic module EM) to cool the liquid holding chamber H about the periphery of the liquid holding chamber H, which advantageously induces, promotes, facilitates or generates the circulation C of the liquid within the chamber as shown. In the illustrated embodiment, the liquid level sensor can optionally be excluded, and the heating and cooling element HC can be operated independent of the liquid level in the chamber. In another embodiment, only a portion of the sidewall SW′ of the liquid holding chamber H is thermally conductive (e.g. thermally conductive bands or belts can wrap around the outer circumference of the liquid holding chamber H, or in another example, certain areas of the liquid holding chamber H can be thermally conductive and other areas may not be). In one embodiment, a cooling element HC 6  can be operated to cool at least a portion of the side walls SW′ around the perimeter of a liquid chamber and can lower the temperature of the liquid nearest to the side walls. In this embodiment the liquid along the side walls becomes colder than that liquid in the remaining body of liquid and will fall in a downwards direction along the sidewall of the liquid holding chamber H. This can advantageously induce a circulation effect, circulating the liquid within the liquid container LC 5 . This circulation effect can be used to stir or mix the liquid within the liquid container for the sake of discouraging more buoyant particles from separating from less buoyant particles, or the circulation effect can be used to keep the temperature of the liquid within the liquid container LC 5  substantially uniform. In another embodiment (not shown in the illustration), one or more heating elements can be added to the above embodiment and can be in thermal contact with a base or a bottom of the liquid holding chamber H. In this embodiment, the heating element can be operated to heat at least a portion of the liquid near the center of the liquid chamber, at the base, so that it can further support the rise of hotter liquid up the center of the body of liquid (this would further strengthen the circulation effect). 
       FIG.  34 J  shows another embodiment of a liquid container LC 6  (e.g., a cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle) that is similar to the liquid container LC 7  except as described below. The liquid container LC 6  has one or more (e.g., multiple) heating elements HC in thermal communication with at least a portion of the circumferential side wall SW of the liquid holding chamber. Unlike the liquid container LC 7 , the liquid container LC 6  operates all heating elements HC 7  that are at least partially below the liquid level or in thermal contact with the liquid in the holding chamber. As the liquid level drops, the number of heating elements HC 8  that are operated drops. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, heating elements HC 7 , HC 8  of the one or more heating elements HC are operated (e.g., by the electronic module EM) to heat the portion of the side wall SW they are in thermal communication with. Advantageously, operation of the heating element HC 7 , HC 8  induces, promotes, facilitates or generates the circulation C of the liquid within the chamber as shown. 
       FIG.  34 K  shows the liquid container LC 3  (e.g., a cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle). In this embodiment, the heating element HC 3  that is in thermal communication with at least a portion (e.g., one side) of a circumferential wall SW that defines the liquid holding chamber (e.g., along at least portion of the height of the holding chamber) is operated (e.g., by the electronic module EM) to heat the portion of the side wall SW it is in thermal communication with. As shown in  FIG.  34 K , the heating element HC 3  can remain in operation regardless of the change in liquid level, so that operation of the heating element HC 3  in this embodiment does not depend on the sensed liquid level. Advantageously, operation of the heating elements HC 3  induces, promotes, facilitates or generates the circulation C of the liquid within the chamber. 
       FIG.  34 L  shows another embodiment of a liquid container LC 7  (e.g., a cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle) that is similar to the liquid container LC 4  except as described below. The liquid container LC 7  has one or more (e.g., multiple) heating elements HC in thermal communication with at least a portion of the circumferential side wall SW of the liquid holding chamber. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, a heating element HC 9  of the one or more heating elements HC is operated (e.g., by the electronic module EM) to heat the portion of the side wall SW it is in thermal communication with. As shown in  FIG.  34 L , the heating element HC 9  is proximate the bottom the holding chamber of the liquid container LC 7  and operation of the heating element HC 9  does not change with the change in liquid level. Advantageously, operation of the heating element HC 9  induces, promotes, facilitates or generates the circulation C of the liquid within the chamber. 
       FIG.  34 M  shows the liquid container LC 6  (e.g., a cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle) operating in cooling mode. The liquid container LC 6  operates all cooling elements HC 7  that are at least partially below the liquid level or in thermal contact with the liquid in the holding chamber. As the liquid level drops, the number of heating and cooling elements HC 8  that are operated drops. 
     In one embodiment, circulation or mixing of the liquid within a cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container can be accomplished using kinetic movement such as a diaphragm that moves in and out, similar to the cone of an audio speaker (e.g., a diaphragm attached to, embedded in or otherwise incorporated into the body, such as sidewall, of the container). In another embodiment, circulation or mixing of the liquid within a cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container can be accomplished using sound waves or sound vibrations (e.g. a small speaker or piezoelectric speaker mounted to a surface of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container). In another embodiment, circulation or mixing of the liquid within a cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container can be accomplished using kinetic movement such as a piston or shaft that moves in and out, causing a disruption of the liquid and therefore mixing the liquid. In another embodiment, circulation or mixing of the liquid within a cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container can be accomplished using kinetic movement such as one or more rotating mixer blades or arms (e.g., attached to or otherwise incorporated into the body of the container). In such embodiments, the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container can have a single heating or cooling element (e.g., a single thermoelectric element), which can optionally be disposed in a bottom portion (e.g., base portion) thereof, and the mechanical or kinetic or acoustic mixing mechanism can be operated (e.g., by the control unit or electronics module) to circulate or mix the liquid within the liquid receiving portion so that the temperature of the liquid volume is generally uniform. 
     In another embodiment, the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container can have one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric element), such as the heating or cooling elements HC,  60 ,  460 ,  1660  along a side wall SW that moves along at least a portion of the length of the sidewall SW as the liquid level changes. In one embodiment, the one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric element) can be mounted on a track attached to a surface (e.g., inner surface, outer surface) of the liquid receiving portion. The one or more heating or cooling elements can be attached to a float member that floats on the liquid level, such that the one or more heating or cooling elements remain at least partially submerged under the liquid line, and as the user drinks the liquid and the liquid level drops, the one or more heating or cooling elements will move (e.g., downward) along the side wall SW so that it remains at least partially submerged under the liquid level line. In one embodiment, the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container has at least one heating or cooling element (e.g., thermoelectric element) that moves along the side wall SW (e.g., riding on a track), as discussed above, and can be moved using electromagnets, or a motor or can be manually moved along the track. Where the heating or cooling element is a thermoelectric element, control circuitry can be used to turn on or off the thermoelectric element. The control circuitry can also reverse the polarity to the thermoelectric element, so that the thermoelectric element can be used to actively heat or actively cool the liquid within the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container depending on the polarity of the power that is delivered to the said thermoelectric element. 
     In another embodiment, the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container can have one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric element, heater coil, etc.), such as the heating or cooling elements HC,  60 ,  460 ,  1660  operatively coupled to one or more heat pipes that direct thermal energy to or from one or more portions of the liquid receiving portion of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container. For example, one heat pipe can direct thermal energy to or from a base portion, another heat pipe can direct thermal energy to or from a middle portion and another heat pipe can direct thermal energy to or from a top portion of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container. In one embodiment, a valve member (e.g., an electromagnetic assembly) can be actuated to direct thermal energy to or from the heating or cooling element to or from a particular heat pipe or heat pipes to thereby direct thermal energy to or from a desired portion of the liquid receiving portion. In one embodiment, the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container can have one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric element, heater coil, etc.) selectively thermally connected to one or more heat pipes, as discussed above. For example, actuation of the valve can thermally connect the heating or cooling element to a particular heat pipe and deactivation of the valve can thermally disconnect the heating or cooling element from said heat pipe. In one embodiment, the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container can have one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric element, heater coil, etc.) thermally connected to one or more heat pipes that direct thermal energy to or from one or more portions of the liquid receiving portion of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container. Where the heating or cooling element is a thermoelectric element, control circuitry can be used to turn on or off the thermoelectric element. The control circuitry can also reverse the polarity to the thermoelectric element, so that the thermoelectric element can be used to actively heat or actively cool the liquid within the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container depending on the polarity of the power that is delivered to the said thermoelectric element. 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with a travel mug, mug, cup, water bottle or liquid container (such as the mug  400 , and travel mug  600 ), one of skill in the art will recognize that this embodiment can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Generation of Electricity with Heating or Cooling Elements 
     In one embodiment, one or more of the heating or cooling elements HC can generate electricity that can be used (e.g., by the electronic module, such as the electronic module  490 ,  690 ,  2090 ,  2190 , EM) to charge the one or more power storage devices (e.g., the power storage devices  480 ,  680 ,  2080 ,  2180 , PS). In another embodiment, one or more thermoelectric elements within a cup, mug  400 , bowl B, travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container (such as those disclosed in embodiments herein) can receive heat energy from hot liquid that has been poured into said cup, mug  400 , bowl B, travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container and the heat energy can be converted to electricity. This electricity can be used to recharge one or more power storage elements PS or can be used to directly power a specific feature (such as a thermostat or a BLUETOOTH® radio, or WiFi radio, or indicator lights, or an indicator display which displays the temperature of the liquid, or any of the features described within this specification). In another embodiment, one or more thermoelectric elements within a cup, mug  400 , bowl B, travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container can receive heat energy from hot liquid that has been poured into said cup, mug  400 , bowl B, travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container and the heat energy can be converted to electricity. The control circuitry within said cup, mug  400 , bowl B, travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container can direct such electricity to charge the one or more power storage devices (e.g., power storage elements PS, batteries, capacitors) disclosed herein, which can advantageously prolong the working period of the cup, mug  400 , bowl B, travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container (e.g., maintain the liquid at the predetermined or preselected temperature or temperature range for a longer period of time). 
     In another embodiment, the control circuitry within the cup, mug  400 , bowl B, travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container can activate one or more of a plurality of thermoelectric elements (such as those disclosed herein, for example HC) in order to actively heat or cool the liquid within the cup, mug  400 , bowl B, travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container. In this embodiment, the one or more thermoelectric elements that are not in use (i.e. not powered up to actively heat or cool the liquid) can be used to generate electricity (e.g. from the heat energy of the liquid) and can be used to charge the one or more power storage elements (e.g., power storage elements PS, batteries, capacitors). In another embodiment, the electricity generated by the not-in-use thermoelectric elements can be used to directly or indirectly direct power to the one or more thermoelectric elements that are in use (i.e. powered up to actively heat or cool the liquid). 
     In another embodiment, the control circuitry within the cup, mug  400 , bowl B, travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container can activate one or more of a plurality of thermoelectric elements in order to actively heat the liquid within the cup, mug  400 , bowl B, travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container. In this embodiment, if the liquid that is poured into the cup, mug  400 , bowl B, travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container is a higher temperature than the user-selected or factory-selected temperature set point, the one or more thermoelectric elements can be used to generate electricity (to charge the one or more power storage elements, such as PS) until the point in which the user-selected or factory-selected liquid temperature has been reached. At this point, the one or more thermoelectric elements can be utilized by the control circuitry in order to maintain said liquid temperature (i.e. be powered up to emit heat and be controlled by the control circuitry). This embodiment uses the thermoelectric elements both to generate electricity and also to actively heat the liquid within the cup, mug  400 , bowl B, travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container, and the dual purpose use of said thermoelectric elements is controlled by the control circuitry. This configuration advantageously takes advantage of the hot liquid in the cup, mug  400 , bowl B, travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container in order to generate electricity while the liquid is too hot. This allows the one or more power storage elements to be charged or receive additional charging, so that the duration of time that the liquid can be kept at the temperature set point is prolonged. 
     In another embodiment, one or more thermoelectric generators can be used independent of the heating or cooling elements HC, and can be used to generate electricity to charge one or more energy storage devices within a cup, mug  400 , bowl B, travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container. 
     In another embodiment, the cup, mug, bowl, travel mug, baby bottle, water bottle or liquid container can have a port in which an external electronic device (e.g., mobile phone, radio, fitness monitoring device, PDA) can be connected, and the electricity generated from the thermoelectric elements can be used to power or charge said external electronic device. In a similar embodiment, wireless power can be used (as opposed to a port) to electrically connect an external electronic device (e.g. mobile phone, radio, fitness monitoring device, PDA) so that the external electronic device can receive power from the cup, mug  400 , bowl B, travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container. 
     In another embodiment, there need not be an electricity generator within the cup, mug  400 , bowl B, travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container. A port or wireless power transmitter within the cup, mug  400 , bowl B, travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container can be used to transmit power to an external electronic device (e.g. mobile phone, radio, fitness monitoring device, PDA) in order to power or charge said external electronic device. The one or more power storage elements (e.g. power storage elements PS, batteries or capacitors) within the cup, mug  400 , bowl B, travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container can be used to provide the electricity that is used to transmit to said external electronic device. 
     Though the generation of electricity with the heating or cooling elements HC disclosed above may be described in connection with a mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottle or liquid container (such as a beer mug  1600  or baby bottle  1500 ), one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Chilled Drinkware (e.g., Beer Mug) 
       FIG.  34 D  shows one embodiment of chilled drinkware  1600 . In the illustrated embodiment, the chilled drinkware  1600  can be a beer mug  1600 . The beer mug  1600  can have a body  1612  with a circumferential wall  1612   a , an inner side surface  1612   b , a handle  1614  and a base  1620  having a top surface  1620   a , where the inner side surface  1612   b  and top surface  1620   a  define a cavity  1618  that can hold a liquid (e.g., beer, soft drink, water). The beer mug  1600  can have a cooling system  1655  which can be disposed (e.g., embedded) in a cavity  1650   a  between the circumferential wall  1612   a  and the inner side surface  1612   b . The cooling system  1655  can include one or more cooling elements  1660  (e.g. Peltier elements) disposed against an outer surface of the inner side surface  1612   b  so as to cool said inner side surface  1612   b  and thereby cool the liquid in the cavity  1618 , an insulative member  1670 , one or more energy storage devices  1680  and an electronic module  1690 , and these components can be arranged and connected in the same manner described above in connection with the heated or cooled plate  100 , mug  400 , or travel mug  600 . In one embodiment, one or more heat sinks can be thermally attached to the one or more cooling elements  1660  (heat sinks not shown). In another embodiment, an active cooling system (e.g. fan, diaphragm cooler, etc.) can be used to actively cool said heat sinks (not shown). In another embodiment, the insulative member  1670  can be excluded. In another embodiment, the one or more power storage devices or elements  1680  can be excluded. 
     The electronic module  1690  can be attached to a top surface  1644  of a bottom member  1640  of the mug  1600  and include one or more of a wireless power receiver  1692 , control circuitry  1694  (e.g., controller circuit, microcontroller, etc.) and optionally a charger  1696  (e.g., charging circuit) for charging the one or more energy storage devices  1680  in embodiments where the mug  1600  includes the energy storage devices  1680 . The electronic module  1690  can include a MCU with capacitive sensing and graphic control features. The control circuitry  1694  can operate to manage the power delivered to the one or more cooling elements  1660 , which in one embodiment can be controlled independently of each other as discussed herein. The control circuitry  1694  can also be used to manage the charging of the one or more energy storage devices  1680 . In one embodiment, the wireless power receiver  1692  is electrically connected to the battery charger  1696 , which is electrically connected to the energy storage devices  1680  that in turn are electrically connected to the cooling element  1660 . In another embodiment, where energy storage devices  1680  are excluded (as discussed above), the wireless power receiver  1692  can be electrically connected to the cooling elements  1660  (and can be controlled by control circuitry to maintain a specific temperature set point). In one embodiment, the cooling system  1655  is completely disposed in the body  1612  so that no part of the system  1655  is visible (i.e., the mug  1600  looks like a conventional mug). In another embodiment, the cooling system  1655  can be housed in a module that is removably attachable to the mug  1600 . In another embodiment, a portion of the cooling system can be disposed in the body and a portion of the cooling system can be disposed outside the body (e.g. heat sink, etc.). 
     As discussed herein, the wireless power receiver  1692  can receive power from a wireless power transmitter (e.g., in a charging base on which the mug is placed, in a table, bar, counter or desk that incorporates a wireless power transmitter, etc.). Where a charging base is used, in one embodiment at least a portion of the charging base can extend into the bottom of the mug  1600  or be proximate the bottom surface of the mug  1600 . 
     In one embodiment, the bottom member  1640  can be removably attached to the mug  1600  to allow access to the cooling system  1655  in the cavity  1650   a . For example, the bottom member  1640  can be mechanically coupled to the mug  1600  (e.g., with screws, a threaded interface between the bottom member  1640  and mug  1600 , a press-fit connection). The bottom member  1640  can be removed to allow the replacing of the one or more energy storage devices  1680  and the servicing of the cooling system  1655 . In one embodiment, the bottom member  1640  can be a water resistant lid that can be removably attachable (e.g., threaded on or screwed) to the mug  1600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container for accessing the cooling system  1655 . In another embodiment, the bottom member  1640  can be a water resistant lid that can be removably attachable (e.g., threaded on or screwed) to the mug  1600  for accessing the one or more energy storage devices  1680 . In yet another embodiment, the energy storage devices  1680  can be in a pack that is attached (e.g., threaded, snap fit, screwed down) onto the bottom of the mug  1600 , where the pack&#39;s electrical contacts connect with a set of electrical contacts on the bottom of the mug  1600 . 
     In another embodiment, the mug  1600  can include one or more corrosion resistant electrical contacts (not shown) on an outer surface of the mug  1600 , such as a bottom surface  1642  of the bottom portion  1640  of the mug  1600 , where the electrical contacts are sized and shaped to contact corresponding electrical contacts (not shown) (e.g., on a charging base when the mug  1600  is placed on the charging base). In one embodiment, the electrical contacts of the mug  1600  can protrude from a surface of the mug  1600 , such as electrical posts. In another embodiment, the electrical contacts of the mug  1600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can be one or more contact pads (not shown) on the bottom surface  1642  of the bottom portion  1640  of the mug  1600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container that can contact corresponding contact pads (not shown) on the charging base. However, the electrical contacts on the mug  1600  and associated charging base can have other suitable configurations. 
     The mug  1600  can operate in a similar manner as discussed above in connection with the mug  400  or travel mug  600 . In one embodiment, where the mug  1600  has power storage devices  1680 , the electronic module  1690  can store energy received (wirelessly via the wireless power receiver  1692 , or via a direct electrical connection as discussed above) in the power storage devices  1680  for powering the one or more cooling elements  1660 . In another embodiment, where power storage devices  1680  are excluded, said received energy or power can be directed to the cooling elements  1660 . 
     As discussed herein, the active cooling systems described in embodiments above can be incorporated into chilled drinkware, such as a beer mug  1600 . The active cooling system  1655  can include one or more cooling elements  1660  (e.g., Peltier elements) on a wall  1612   b  (e.g., sidewall) of the beer mug body  1612  that can cool a liquid in the receiving cavity  1618  of the mug. In some embodiments, the mug  1600  can include one or more power storage elements  1680  that can supply power to the one or more cooling elements  1660 . The mug  1600  can optionally include a wireless power receiver  1692  that can wirelessly receive power from a power source, as discussed in the embodiments herein, and control circuitry  1694  that can operate the one or more cooling elements  1660 , and charge the one or more power storage elements  1680 . The mug  1600  can also incorporate all of the sensors discussed herein (e.g., liquid level sensors, temperature sensors, tilt sensors). The one or more cooling elements  1660  can be operated in unison or individually and independent of each other, as described herein (e.g., to induce circulation of liquid flow, to maintain the liquid at a predetermined or preselected temperature or temperature range). In one embodiment, the one or more cooling elements  1660  can be operated to maintain the liquid in the mug at 60 degrees F. or less. In another embodiment, the one or more cooling elements  1660  can be operated to maintain the liquid in the mug at 50 degrees F. or less, such as about 45 degrees F. In another embodiment, the one or more cooling elements  1660  can be operated to maintain the liquid in the mug at 40 degrees F. or less. In one embodiment, the beer mug  1600  can have a user interface, which can allow the user to turn on or off the cooling system or set a specific liquid temperature set point or mode of cooling operation (e.g., High, Medium, Low), or set an approximate liquid temperature set point. In another embodiment, the beer mug can be controlled via wireless remote or via mobile electronic device (e.g. mobile phone or tablet). 
     Though the chilled drinkware disclosed above may be described in connection with a beer mug  1600 , one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Wireless Power Transmitter 
     As discussed in the embodiments herein, the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottle or liquid container (e.g., chilled drinkware, such as beer mug  1600 , baby bottle  1500 ) can have an active heating or cooling system. In one embodiment, the heating or cooling system can include a wireless power receiver that receives power (e.g., via induction) from a power source and uses it to store energy in one or more power storage devices PS (see  FIG.  44   ), which can then provide power to one or more heating or cooling elements HC (e.g., the elements can be operated to provide both heating and cooling). In another embodiment, the heating or cooling system can exclude power storage devices PS and power is transmitted from the wireless power receiver to the one or more heating or cooling elements HC (or can be transmitted to the electronics module EM which can control the power flow to the heating or cooling elements HC). 
     In one embodiment, the power source can be one or more wireless power transmitters  1800  (e.g., and inductive power pad) that can be attached to, coupled to, embedded in, or otherwise incorporated into a table top, counter top, bar top, desk top or any other support surface  1850 . In use, as shown in  FIGS.  38 A- 38 F , the user can place the actively heated or cooled bowl B, plate  100 ,  100 ′,  100 ″,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottle or liquid container (e.g., chilled drinkware such as a beer mug  1600 , baby bottle  1500 ) on said table top, counter top, bar top, desk top or support surface  1850  and the wireless power transmitter  1800  therein can provide wireless power to the wireless power receiver in actively heated or cooled bowl B, plate  100 ,  100 ′,  100 ″,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottle or liquid container (e.g., chilled drinkware such as a beer mug  1600 , baby bottle  1500 ). As discussed above, where the heating or cooling system includes one or more power storage devices, said transmitted wireless power can be used to store energy in the one or more power storage devices (e.g., charge the batteries). In embodiments where the heating or cooling system excludes power storage devices, said transmitted wireless power can be used to provide power to the one or more heating or cooling elements via the electronic module of the heating or cooling system. 
     In another embodiment, said transmitted wireless power can be used to provide power directly to the one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., HC, see  FIG.  44   ) within the bowl B, plate  100 ,  100 ′,  100 ″,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottle or liquid container (e.g., chilled drinkware such as a beer mug  1600 , baby bottle  1500 ), and the electronic module can be omitted. This embodiment of said dishware can have a wireless power receiver and one or more heating or cooling elements, and no other circuitry, or very minimal circuitry, in order to keep manufacturing costs low. In another embodiment, said transmitted wireless power can be used to provide power to the one or more heating or cooling elements within the bowl B, plate  100 ,  100 ′,  100 ″,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottle or liquid container (e.g., chilled drinkware such as a beer mug  1600 , baby bottle  1500 ), and said dishware can have a simple circuit that can limit the power to the one or more heating or cooling elements or can have a simple thermostat circuit that can keep the temperature of the liquid at a predetermined temperature or temperature range. As such, the wireless power transmitters  1800  can be incorporated into tables (indoor or outdoor), counters or bars at cafes or coffee shops, restaurants, bars, as well as into desk tables (e.g., at work, school). Such wireless power transmitters  1800  can also be incorporated into cup holders (e.g., at movie theatres, in an automobile, etc.). 
     In one embodiment, where the liquid container is a coffee cup with the active heating or cooling system incorporated therein, in the manner discussed herein, a wireless power transmitter can be attached to, coupled to, embedded in or otherwise incorporated in a saucer plate associated with the coffee cup and on which the coffee cup can rest. The saucer plate can in turn be connected to a power source (e.g., wall outlet) and can provide power to the heating or cooling system in the coffee cup. In one embodiment, the saucer plate can have one or more power storage elements, which can be charged and can provide power to said coffee cup via electrical contacts or wireless power. In another embodiment, the saucer plate can be a different form factor, such as a disc shape, or cradle shape, or any other suitable shape that the coffee cup can sit on. These embodiments can have all of the same features and/or functions as the saucer plate (described above). 
     In another embodiment, the wireless power transmitter can be coupled to, attached to, embedded in or otherwise incorporated into a cup holder (e.g., in an automobile, truck, bus, boat, airplane) that can receive the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container therein, such that the wireless power transmitter can transmit power to the wireless power receiver in the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle or liquid container when the latter is placed in or supported by the cup holder. 
     In another embodiment, shown in  FIGS.  38 G- 38 H , the wireless power transmitter can be attached to, coupled to, embedded in or otherwise incorporated in a container receiving area  1810  of a coffee making machine CM (e.g., a single-serving coffee machine, or coffee machine with a carafe, etc.). When the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container is placed on the receiving area RA of the machine CM it can sit over the wireless power transmitter  1810 A, which can transmit power to the wireless power receiver in the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container. As previously discussed, said wireless power can be used to store energy in one or more power storage devices (e.g.,  680 ,  2080 ,  2180 ) of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container or it can be directly directed to the heating or cooling elements in embodiments where the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container exclude power storage devices. The cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container can in one embodiment use the power received from the wireless power transmitter to pre-heat the liquid receiving area of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container either before or coincident with delivery of liquid from the machine into the receiving area. Such implementation of a wireless power transmitter into the coffee making machine can advantageously provide a mechanism for a preheating system within the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container. In one embodiment, where the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container has one or more power storage devices (e.g. batteries, capacitors, etc.), once the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container is removed from the receiving area of the coffee making machine, the electronic module (e.g., electronic module EM in  FIG.  44    or other control circuitry) can operate the one or more heating or cooling elements to maintain the liquid at the user selected or predetermined temperature or temperature range. In other embodiments, where the power storage elements are excluded, once the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container is removed from the receiving area of the coffee making machine, the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container will slowly cool down over time, in accordance with the heat dissipation characteristics of the material of the cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container. Thermal materials can be used to prolong the amount of time that the cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container stays hot (e.g. phase change material, etc.). In one embodiment, the said cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container can have an inductive coupling receiver and a heating or cooling element (e.g., heating or cooling element HC, such as a Peltier element, resistive heater). In another embodiment, there can be other circuitry in the said cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container, such as a temperature sensor (e.g., the temperature sensors  820 A- 820 D,  920 , or S 1 -Sn in  FIG.  44   ) and an electronics module (e.g., electronic module  90 , EM in  FIG.  44   ) which can regulate the temperature of the heating or cooling elements. 
     In another embodiment, said cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container can have a wireless power receiver, a thermostat circuit, a temperature sensor, and one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., a heater coil). In this embodiment, when the cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container is placed in the receiving area of the coffee making machine, and the wireless power transmitter of the machine is turned on, the cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container can use its thermostat circuit to control the pre-heating process at a user selected or predetermined temperature or temperature range. This embodiment can have a user interface, or can exclude a user-interface and rely on a factory set temperature or temperature range. In another embodiment, similar to the above embodiment, instead of using a thermostat circuit, said cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container can have a wireless power receiver, a power limiting device (i.e. current limiter, voltage limiter or wattage limiter), and heating or cooling elements (e.g., a heater coil). In this embodiment, when the cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container is placed in the receiving area of the coffee making machine, and the wireless power transmitter of the coffee making machine is turned on, the cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container can use its power limiting device to control the pre-heating temperature at a user selected or predetermined temperature or temperature range. This embodiment can have a user interface, or can exclude a user-interface and rely on a factory predetermined temperature or temperature range. In another embodiment, said cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container can have a wireless power receiver and one or more heating or cooling elements. In this embodiment, the user can select a pre-heat temperature or pre-heat temperature range (e.g. “low” or “medium” or “high”) for said cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container via a user interface located on the coffee making machine. In this embodiment, the coffee making machine can limit or control the power level of its wireless power transmitter (based on the user-selected temperature or temperature range), so as to control the amount of power delivered to the wireless power receiver within the cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container. In this embodiment the coffee making machine can use a voltage limiter or an amperage limiter or a wattage limiter or can slowly modulate or pulse the power or use pulse width modulation (PWM) (e.g., pulsing of power at a high frequency) to adjust the power level provided by the wireless power transmitter in the coffee making machine to the wireless power receive in the cup, mug, travel mug, carafe, water bottle or liquid container, and thereby adjust the power provided to the one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., heater coil) of the cup, mug, travel mug, carafe, water bottle or liquid container. In this manner, a specific power level can be provided to the one or more heating or cooling elements in order to heat or cool the liquid holding portion of the cup, mug, travel mug, carafe, water bottle or liquid container to a specific temperature or temperature range (e.g., low, medium, high). This embodiment advantageously allows the user to select a pre-heat temperature or pre-heat temperature range for the cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container directly on the coffee maker machine, and the manufacturing costs for the cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container can be reduced due to the reduced number of components within the cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container. This embodiment can have a user interface on the coffee machine (as described above), or can exclude a user-interface and rely on a factory predetermined temperature or temperature range. In another embodiment, the cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container can have a temperature sensor, a wireless transmitter for transmitting data, one or more heating or cooling elements and a wireless power receiver. In this embodiment, the temperature sensor can transmit sensed temperature information to the coffee maker, so that the coffee maker can regulate the power level that is delivered to the cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container, at least in part based on said sensed information received from the temperature sensor. In this embodiment, the coffee maker machine can regulate power to its wireless power transmitter in order to control the temperature of at least a portion of the liquid receiving portion of the cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container. Although the machine described in the above embodiments is a coffee making machine, the above embodiments can work with a tea making machine, or coffee and tea making machine, or other hot or cold liquid dispensing machines. 
     As discussed previously, the cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container can have a user-selected temperature set point or mode (e.g., low, medium, high). As discussed herein, such user-selected temperature set point or range can be provided, in one embodiment, via a user interface on the cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container. In one embodiment, the base of the coffee making machine could have a user interface (e.g., temperature set point selector, such as a dial) with which the user could preset the temperature for the cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container that is placed on the base or receiving area. In other embodiments, the cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container can have a preselected temperature set point (e.g., a factory pre-set temperature). In still another embodiment, the cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container need not have a preselected (e.g., at factory) or user selected temperature set point. Rather, the amount of heat provided by the heating or cooling element can be controlled by the amount of amperage, voltage or wattage passed through the induction transmitter. In such an embodiment, the coffee making machine could include a potentiometer that controls the amperage (or voltage or wattage) provided to the base or receiving area of the coffee making machine to set the temperature on the cup, mug or travel mug placed on the receiving area. Although the machine described in the above embodiments is a coffee making machine, the above embodiments can work with a tea making machine, or coffee and tea making machine, or other hot or cold liquid dispensing machines. 
     Though the wireless power transmitter disclosed above may be described in connection with a cup, mug, travel mug, coffee carafe, water bottle or liquid container, one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     In another implementation, the receiving area RA of the beverage dispensing machine (e.g., coffee maker) CM has a power transmitter  1810 A with one or more (e.g., multiple, two, three) electrical contacts that can interface with corresponding electrical contacts in a drinkware container (e.g., mug, cup) placed on the receiving area RA. The electrical contacts can be circular or ring-shaped (e.g., continuous ring) contacts. In one example, the electrical contacts include two circular or ring-shaped spaced apart contacts. In another example, the electrical contacts include three circular or ring-shaped spaced apart contacts. In one example, at least one (e.g., two) of the one or more (e.g., two, three) electrical contacts are used to communicate power to electronics in the drinkware container. In another example, at least one (e.g., one) of the one or more (e.g., three) electrical contacts is used to communicate or transfer data and/or instructions (e.g., temperature setpoint for operation) between the beverage dispensing machine (e.g., coffee maker) CM and the drinkware container while the drinkware container is disposed on the receiving area RA of the beverage dispensing machine (e.g., coffee maker) CM. Advantageously, the circular or ring-shaped electrical contacts allow transfer of power, data and/or instructions between the beverage dispensing machine (e.g., coffee maker) CM and the drinkware container irrespective of the orientation of the drinkware container on the receiving area RA. In another implementation, as discussed above, wireless power is provided by the beverage dispensing machine (e.g., coffee maker) CM to the drinkware container while the drinkware container is disposed on the receiving area RA. Additionally or alternatively, data and/or instructions are wirelessly transferred between the beverage dispensing machine (e.g., coffee maker) CM and the drinkware container while the drinkware container is disposed on the receiving area RA. 
     Wireless Control 
     In one embodiment, operation of the plate  100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can be controlled wirelessly (e.g., via Wi-Fi, BLUETOOTH®, ZIGBEE™, IR or RF communication). For example, the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690  can include a communication transceiver (e.g., Wi-Fi, BLUETOOTH®, ZIGBEE™, IR or RF transceiver) that allows the plate  100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container to send information to the remote device, as well as to receive information and/or instructions from the remote device. In one embodiment, the plate  100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can have an IP address and be linked to a user via a Wi-Fi network. Accordingly, the plate  100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container (e.g., beer mug  1600 , baby bottle  1500 ) can connect wirelessly to a cloud (e.g., a cloud-based communication system). In another embodiment, the plate  100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can have a near field communication (NFC) pad, so that a user can use their mobile electronic device to connect to the plate  100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container via BLUETOOTH® (e.g., via a BLUETOOTH® link using a BLUETOOTH® chip) or other wireless communication means. 
     In one embodiment, the remote device can be a wireless remote control. In another embodiment, the remote device can be a mobile electronic device (e.g., smart phone, PDA, tablet computer, laptop, notebook, etc.) that can communicate via the cloud, or that can be paired or synchronized (e.g., via BLUETOOTH®), with the plate  100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container (e.g., chilled drinkware, baby bottle). With respect to plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers, the mobile electronic device can be paired with one of the plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers to control the operation of that individual plate  100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container or can be paired with a plurality of plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers to control the operation of the plurality of plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers at the same time. 
     In one embodiment, a mobile application (e.g., an IPHONE™ ANDROID™, BLACKBERRY® or WINDOWS® mobile application) can be installed on the mobile electronic device to allow the mobile electronic device to communicate with the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers (e.g., via the cloud or via a BLUETOOTH® connection). 
     The wireless remote control or mobile electronic device can receive operational data from the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers with which the wireless remote control or mobile electronic device communicates via the cloud or is paired (e.g., via BLUETOOTH®). For example, charge level of the one or more batteries  80 ,  480 ,  680 ; heating/cooling status or temperature of the plate  100  bowl or serving dish or different sections of the plate  100  bowl or serving dish, or of the cup, liquid container, mug  400  or the travel mug  600 ; ambient temperature; and/or diagnostic information for the heating or cooling system  55 ,  455 ,  655  can be communicated to the wireless remote control or mobile electronic device. In one embodiment, the mobile electronic device can receive information from the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers (e.g., via the cloud or via a near field communication system, or via Wi-Fi or via BLUETOOTH®). For example, the mobile electronic device could receive information on how many cups of coffee the user has had throughout the day. Additionally, using the liquid level sensors (discussed above), the mobile electronic device could receive information from the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottle or liquid container on the volume (e.g., ounces) of liquid (e.g., coffee, tea, water, milk, formula, beer, soft drink) that the user has consumed (e.g., on a daily basis, on a weekly basis, on a monthly basis, etc.). Accordingly, the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottle or liquid container could communicate with the cloud to provide information on the coffee, beer, water (etc.) intake of the user, thereby tracking user behavior. The user could use such information to track information about their habits (e.g., times of day that they drink coffee, number of cups of coffee consumed a day, type of coffee drink or tea that they like, etc.). Such information could also be used to limit user intake (e.g., of coffee), by communicating such habit information (e.g., set by the user via the user interface on the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container, or via a mobile application or website, as discussed further herein, or stored on the cloud based on information compiled from the user over, for example a week, a month, etc.) to the user via the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , water bottle or liquid container. For example, the cup, mug or travel mug could activate an alarm (e.g., visual alarm, auditory alarm) to let the user know when the intake limit for coffee has been reached for the day, such drink limit information communicated from the cloud to the cup, mug, baby bottle, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container. Similarly, the chilled drinkware (e.g., beer mug) could activate an alarm (e.g., visual alarm, auditory alarm, etc.) when the number of beers consumed reaches a preselected limit (e.g., chosen by the user, bartender, etc.) via an electronic device (e.g., mobile electronic device, desk top computer, etc.) through the cloud or a near field communication system, or can be selected via a user-interface on the chilled drinkware device (e.g., beer mug  1600 ). 
     As discussed above, the information collected by the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , cups, baby bottles  1500 , water bottles or liquid containers can be sent to a cloud based data collection/storage system that the user can access via a dashboard interface on an electronic device (e.g., a mobile electronic device, a desktop computer, etc.). In one embodiment, the cloud could be local, where the user&#39;s mobile phone, PDA, tablet computer, etc., can link to a router and can then be used to send instructions to and receive information from the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , cups, baby bottles  1500 , water bottles or liquid containers. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the electronic device (e.g., mobile electronic device, desktop computer) could communicate with the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , cups, baby bottles  1500 , water bottles or liquid containers, without using the internet. 
     In one embodiment, the information stored on the cloud can be communicated to social networking sites, e.g., by the user, to share information (e.g., progress in reducing coffee intake, or sharing the user&#39;s favorite type of coffee or tea drinks, or the user&#39;s daily coffee or tea drinking habits, etc.) with the user&#39;s social network. 
     RFID Tag 
     In one embodiment, the cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container can have an RFID tag. In this embodiment, user data can be transmitted via the RFID tag to an RFID reader at a coffee shop, tea shop, coffee café, café, grocery store, food &amp; beverage location, or other retail location. The RFID tag can communicate certain data, such as the user&#39;s favorite coffee or tea drink, or the user&#39;s drinking habits, or what coffee and/or tea shops the user has visited, or what other retail locations the user has visited, or what temperature the user prefers to keep his or her coffee or tea drink. In another embodiment, the RFID tag can receive information from the retail location (e.g., the RFID tag can receive information on the specific coffee or tea purchased, such as where it was grown, etc.), and such information can be displayed to the user (e.g., via a visual display on the cup, mug, travel mug, carafe, water bottle or liquid container). In another embodiment, the RFID tag within the cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container can be used to pay for the beverage, food or merchandise that the user chooses to purchase. In this embodiment, the RFID tag within the cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container can communicate with an RFID reader of the coffee shop, tea shop, coffee café, café, grocery store, food &amp; beverage location or other retail location, and can communicate the user&#39;s identification information, or account information, or credit card information, or bank account information, or credit account information (e.g. such as a coffee shop credit account or coffee shop pre-paid account, or a credit account or pre-paid account of another suitable type). In this embodiment, the user can use his or her cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container to pay for food, beverage or other merchandise. In another embodiment, the RFID tag within the cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container can be used as part of a customer loyalty rewards program. As an example, the coffee shop, tea shop, coffee café, grocery store, food &amp; beverage location or other retail location can reward the user a free cup of coffee or tea for every 10 cups of coffee or tea that the user purchases. Each time the user purchases a cup of coffee or tea, the RFID tag can communicate said information to an RFID reader, or the purchasing data can be stored on the RFID tag, or within other data storage circuitry inside the cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container, or on a cloud based data storage system, or a local or remote data storage system. Although the example given above states one free cup of coffee or tea for every ten cups of coffee or tea purchased, other rewards programs can be used (e.g. food, beverage, merchandise, rewards points, reward dollars, dollars, currency, etc. can be extended to the customer in exchange for total amount of coffee or tea consumed or purchased by the customer, or certain types of coffee or tea purchased by the customer, or a reward points system, or other beverages purchased, or total amount of dollars spent, or number of times per day, month, or year the customer makes purchases, or any other suitable rewards program can be used). In one embodiment, the reward points, or rewards dollars, or other reward program information can be displayed on the user&#39;s cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container via a display screen or can be displayed on the user&#39;s mobile electronic device, or cell phone, or tablet or on the cloud, or on the user&#39;s dashboard, or on a website or on a mobile phone or tablet application, etc. In another embodiment, the RFID tag within the cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container can communicate information to an RFID reader within a coffee shop, tea shop, coffee café, café, grocery store, food &amp; beverage location or other retail location for the purposes of accumulating data that can be used to calculate the approximate or exact amount of paper cups or disposable cups not used or number of trees saved, etc. In this embodiment, as an example, when the user uses his or her cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container to consume a purchased beverage, a disposable cup has been saved (i.e. not used). This user data can be collected and can be transmitted via the RFID tag and ultimately can be displayed on the user&#39;s cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container via a display screen or can be displayed on the user&#39;s mobile electronic device, or cell phone, or tablet, or on the user&#39;s internet dashboard, or on a website or on a mobile phone or tablet application, or on a social media website or app, or on a screen inside or outside the coffee shop, tea shop, coffee café, café, grocery store, food &amp; beverage location or other retail location, etc. (e.g. total number or approximate total number of trees saved, or total number of disposable cups saved or not used, or total carbon footprint offset, or other suitable green or eco initiative information). In this embodiment, the information can be single user information (e.g. how many disposal cups the user has independently saved) or the data collection can be cumulative and can include data from a group of users or all users, etc. (e.g., total number or approximate total number of disposable cups saved, or trees saved, or carbon footprint offset, across all users of said RFID tag enabled cups, mugs, travel mugs, water bottles or liquid containers). In another embodiment, the user&#39;s data can be collected and displayed directly on a screen of the user&#39;s cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container or can be displayed on a screen of the user&#39;s mobile phone or mobile electronic device via BLUETOOTH® pairing (e.g. how many disposal cups the user has independently saved or the number of trees saved, or total carbon footprint offset, etc.) and in this embodiment the use of transmitted user data (e.g. RFID tag) would not be necessary. Although the embodiments described in this paragraph use an RFID tag and RFID reader to communicate data, other suitable methods of wireless communication can be used to transmit said data (e.g. the cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container can communicate said data via a WiFi connection, or via a BLUETOOTH® radio, or via ZIGBEE™ radio, or via near field communication (NFC), or any other suitable RF, Infrared or ultrasound transmitter or receiver). In one embodiment, multiple stages of communications can lead to the data arriving in a targeted location (e.g. a BLUETOOTH® radio of the cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container can transmit certain data to a mobile electronic device (via BLUETOOTH® pairing) and the mobile electronic device can relay or transmit said data to the internet via its cellular or WiFi connection to the internet). 
     In another embodiment, the data described in this paragraph above can be transmitted to the coffee shop, tea shop, coffee café, café, grocery store, food &amp; beverage location or other retail location via a QR code that is displayed on a screen of the user&#39;s cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container (e.g. the user can pay for beverage, food or merchandise via the use of a QR code that is displayed on a screen of the user&#39;s cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container, or a user can transmit reward points information, or identification information, or any other information, as outlined in this paragraph above, via a QR code on a screen of the user&#39;s cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container). In another embodiment, said QR code can be displayed on a mobile phone, or mobile electronic device via a wireless transmission of data from the cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container to the user&#39;s mobile phone or mobile electronic device. Although the embodiment described in this paragraph utilizes a QR code, in other embodiments another graphic or symbol or barcode can be used instead of a QR code. 
     In one embodiment, the wireless remote control or mobile electronic device can display the temperature of the liquid that is within the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , water bottle or liquid container (e.g., sensed by the one or more temperature sensors in the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , water bottle or liquid container). In one embodiment, the wireless remote control or mobile electronic device can display the liquid level within the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , water bottle or liquid container (e.g., sensed by the one or more liquid level sensors in the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , water bottle or liquid container). In another embodiment, the wireless remote control or mobile electronic device can display the temperature of the food that is on the plate  100 ,  800 ,  900  or serving dish or the temperature of the food or soup within the bowl (e.g., sensed by the one or more temperature sensors  820 A- 820 D,  920 ). 
     The wireless remote control or mobile electronic device can be used by the user to communicate instructions to the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers with which the wireless remote control or mobile electronic device communicates (e.g., via the cloud) or is paired or associated with (e.g., via BLUETOOTH®, via near field communication system, via WiFi, etc.). For example the user can operate the wireless remote control or mobile electronic device to turn on or off one or more heating or cooling elements  60 ,  60 ′ in a plate  100 ,  100 ′, bowl or serving dish, cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container or a set of plates  100 ,  100 ′, bowls or serving dishes, cups, mugs, travel mugs, water bottles or liquid containers (e.g., turn on or off a plurality of heating or cooling elements  60 ,  60 ′ associated with different sections of the plate  100 ,  100 ′, bowl or serving dish or set of plates  100 ,  100 ′, bowl or serving dishes), which would advantageously allow operation of a large number of plates, cups, mugs, serving dishes, etc., at the same time, for example by a catering company; to provide temperature set points for different sections of the plate  100 ,  100 ′, bowl or serving dish, or cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container or plates  100 ,  100 ′, bowl or serving dishes, or cups, mugs, travel mugs, water bottles or liquid containers; to set times (e.g., for how long one or more of the heating or cooling elements  60 ,  60 ′ is to operate); or to set limited function mode features, as described further below. However, the wireless remote control or mobile electronic device can be used to provide instructions to the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers to control any operational parameter (e.g. temperature mode). Such functionality advantageously allows the user to control the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers (e.g., chilled drinkware, such as beer mugs  1600 ) remotely. For example, if a user left the actively heated or cooled travel mug in his or her car, the user could turn off operation of the travel mug remotely via their smartphone or tablet computer or laptop computer, etc. 
     Though the wireless communication via the cloud, BLUETOOTH®, WiFi, or near field communication system disclosed above may be described in connection with a mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottle or liquid container (such as a beer mug  1600  or baby bottle  1500 ), one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     In one embodiment, the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers can have a color-mixing LED indicator as a visual indicator which can be adjusted to an individual color (e.g., one user&#39;s plate can have a pink glowing indicator, another user&#39;s plate can have a blue glowing indicator), allowing the users to identify their specific plate  100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container paired with their individual remote control or mobile electronic device. In another embodiment, each of the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers can have a digital readout, allowing each user to have an identifier displayed (e.g., a name, numerical identifier, symbol, unique marking). In another embodiment, the plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers can be sold in a multi-piece set or as individual unique units with a permanent identifier marking (e.g. logo, sticker, number, letter, icon, housing shape, housing color, a colored portion of the housing, glowing colored light, name or any other suitable identifier marking) so that the individual user can pair to their unique plate  100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. In another embodiment, the individually marked plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers can all be controlled together or in groups via a wireless remote or mobile electronic device. 
     As discussed above, the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers (e.g. beer mugs  1600 , coffee carafes, baby bottles  1500 ) can have a user interface, such as a digital screen, that can display operational information (e.g., temperature, liquid level, battery charge level) as well as information communicated to the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers (e.g., from the cloud or via BLUETOOTH® from a mobile electronic device).  FIGS.  35 - 37    show one embodiment of a travel mug  1700 A with a user interface  1710 A. The travel mug  1700 A can have a structural arrangement and heating or cooling system similar to the one described herein for the mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 . In the illustrated embodiment, the user interface  1710 A can be a digital screen (e.g., LCD screen). The user interface  1710 A can display operational information (e.g., temperature, liquid level, battery charge level) of the travel mug  1700 A (e.g., operational information communicated from the electronic module to the user interface  1710 A), and optionally, can also display information communicated wirelessly W to the travel mug  1700 A from an electronic device, such as a mobile electronic device  1750 A (see  FIG.  37   ) or from the internet via a WiFi connection. As discussed above, in one embodiment, information can be communicated via the cloud. In another embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG.  37   , the mobile electronic device  1750 A can communicate with the travel mug  1700 A, as an example via a BLUETOOTH® connection, where the mobile electronic device  1750 A can be paired with one or more travel mugs  1700 A. In one embodiment, the travel mug  1700 A can receive information (e.g., via the cloud, via BLUETOOTH®) such as time, date, financial information (e.g., stock information), weather information such as expected high and low temperature for the day, personal information (e.g., appointments from calendar, birthday reminders, information from social networking sites) and displays the information on the user interface  1710 A. In one embodiment, as discussed previously, the user can input instructions via the user interface  1710 A (e.g., change beverage temperature set point, change the heating or cooling system setting between, for example, a variety of power modes, a sleep mode, an on mode or an off mode). 
     In one embodiment, the user interface  1710 A (e.g., digital screen) can go into sleep mode, for example, if motion of the travel mug  1700 A (or of the plate, cup, mug, baby bottle, water bottle or liquid container with said user interface) is not detected after a certain period of time, in order to preserve energy (e.g., battery power). In on embodiment, the user interface  1710 A (e.g., digital screen) can be “woken up” by moving or shaking the travel mug  1700 A (or of the plate, cup, mug, bay bottle, water bottle or liquid container with said user interface), which can cause a motion sensor (e.g., gyroscope, tilt sensor, such as those disclosed above) to send a signal to the electronic module to power-on the user interface  1710 A. In another embodiment, the user interface  1710 A (e.g., digital screen) can be “woken up” via a gesture sensor (as discussed herein), where the user can wave a hand in front of the sensor or near the sensor, which can then send a signal to the electronic module to power-on the user interface  1710 A. In other embodiments, sensors other than a gesture sensor can be used to sense a motion by the user, such as a motion sensor, infrared sensor, which can sense motion (e.g., the user approaching the travel mug  1700 A, or the plate, cup, mug, baby bottle, water bottle or liquid container, etc.). In still another embodiment, the user interface  1710 A (e.g., digital screen) can be “woken up” via a contact sensor that can sense when the user touches the travel mug  1700 A (or the plate, cup, mug, baby bottle, water bottle or liquid container, etc.) and communicates a signal to the electronic module to power-on the user interface  1710 A. In yet another embodiment, the user interface  1710 A (e.g., digital screen) can be “woken up” via a push button switch or other type of switch. 
     Though the communication with the user interface disclosed above may be described in connection with a travel mug  1700 A, one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , cup, mug  400 , travel mug,  600 ,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , beer mug  1600 , baby bottle  1500 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIG.  37 A  shows the mug  400  paired with the mobile electronic device  1750 A. The mobile electronic device  1750 A can communicate wirelessly W with the mug  400  to transmit information thereto (e.g., to set the operating temperature of one or more heating and cooling elements HC of the mug  400 ) and/or to receive information therefrom (e.g., sensed liquid temperature, sensed liquid level, battery charge level). As discussed above, in one embodiment, information can be communicated via the cloud. In another embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG.  37   , the mobile electronic device  1750 A can communicate with the mug  400 , as an example via a BLUETOOTH® connection, where the mobile electronic device  1750 A can be paired with one or more mugs  400 . The mug  400  can have a wireless power receiver, one or more energy storage devices, one or more heating or cooling elements, one or more temperature sensors, control circuitry and a wireless transceiver, as disclosed in embodiments herein. In another embodiment, the transceiver is excluded and the mug  400  can have a user interface to set the temperature at which the heating or cooling elements are to heat the liquid in the mug  400  to. In another embodiment, the transceiver and the user interface can be excluded and the mug  400  can have a factory pre-set temperature or temperature range at which the one or more heating or cooling elements operate at. 
     In another embodiment, the mug  400  can also have a motion sensor (e.g., vibration sensor, accelerometer, gyro, etc.). While the heating or cooling elements are in operation, if the motion sensor detects no motion of the mug  400  for a predetermined amount of time (e.g., 15 minutes), which can be stored in a memory that communicates with the electronic module of the mug  400 , the heating or cooling elements will be turned off (e.g., the electronic module will cease supplying power to the heating or cooling elements). In another embodiment, the automatic turn-off time period can be adjusted by a user (e.g., via a remote mobile device). In another embodiment, sensed movement or motion by the motion sensor can turn on the one or more heating or cooling elements. 
     In another embodiment, the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers (such as a beer mug  1600  or baby bottle  1500 ) can have a gesture sensor, which can allow the user to control operation of the plate  100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , cup, water bottle or liquid container (e.g., beer mug  1600 , baby bottle  1500 ) with one or more gestures (e.g., of the user&#39;s face, eyes, arms, hands or fingers). 
     Though the wireless control disclosed above may be described in connection with a plate  100 , mug  400  or travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , beer mug  1600  or baby bottle  1500 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     In one embodiment, the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers (e.g., chilled drinkware, baby bottle  1500 ) can communicate (e.g., via WiFi or ZIGBEE™ or the cloud or BLUETOOTH®, etc.) with one or more electronic devices (e.g., mobile electronic devices such as mobile telephones, PDAs, tablet computers, laptop computers or electronic watch or desktop computers). In one embodiment, the one or more cups, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottles or liquid containers (e.g., chilled drinkware such as beer mug  1600 , baby bottles  1500 ) can send an alert (e.g., visual signal, auditory signal, worded message) to the electronic device when the liquid level in the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A, water bottle or liquid container reaches a predetermined level or set point (as sensed by the one or more liquid sensors) so that the person with the electronic device (which could be the user or a different person) can know that it&#39;s time to replenish the liquid (e.g., water, coffee, tea, beer, alcohol) in the one or more cups, mugs, travel mugs, water bottles or liquid containers (e.g., chilled drinkware, such as beer mugs, baby bottles, etc.). In one example, this can advantageously allow the user or their assistant to replenish the drinks in the one or more cups, mugs, travel mugs, water bottles or liquid containers in an efficient manner and without unduly interrupting the holder of the cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container. For example, when used in a boardroom environment, the drinks can be replenished without unduly interrupting a meeting. In another embodiment, where in a bar or restaurant environment, this can advantageously allow the waitress/waiter or barkeep to efficiently replenish drinks without having to constantly monitor the user of the cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container to see if they are in need of a refill (e.g., water, soft drink, coffee, tea, alcohol, such as beer, etc.). 
     In another embodiment, when the liquid level in the one or more cups, mugs, travel mugs, water bottles or liquid containers reaches a predetermined level or set point (as discussed above), an alert can be sent to a mobile electronic device (of the user, of a third person, etc.) and the mobile electronic device can access a navigation application to locate the nearest location (e.g., coffee shop, convenience store, restaurant) where the user can replenish the liquid in their cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container. 
     In one embodiment, discussed above, the one or more cups, mugs, travel mugs, water bottles or liquid containers can be in wireless communication with an automobile or vehicle and the one or more cups, mugs, travel mugs, water bottles or liquid containers (e.g., chilled drinkware, baby bottles) can communicate (e.g., via BLUETOOTH®) with the automobile or vehicle to provide the information discussed in the embodiments above (e.g., volume of liquid left or liquid level, liquid temperature, battery charge level). The automobile&#39;s or vehicle&#39;s communication system can be used to provide said information to the user via the user interface on the vehicle. In one embodiment, the user can also control the operation of the one or more cups, mugs, travel mugs, water bottles or liquid containers via the vehicle&#39;s user interface (e.g., via touch controls or voice activated controls). In one embodiment, when the liquid level within the cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container drops below a predetermined level, the vehicle&#39;s user interface can provide information on nearby locations (e.g., coffee shops, convenience stores, gas stations, restaurants) where the user can replenish the liquid in the cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container. 
     Though the alert notification based on liquid or food level disclosed above may be described in connection with a cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottle or liquid container, one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Sensing Boldness of Liquid 
     In one embodiment, the one or more cups, mugs, travel mugs, liquid containers or water bottles (e.g., drinkware or baby bottles) can include one or more quality sensors (such as the sensor LS in  FIG.  34 E ) that can sense a quality of the liquid contained therein, such as the boldness (e.g., of coffee or tea), flavor, acidity, caffeine, calories, sugar, etc. In one embodiment, the one or more quality sensors can be visual sensors, light sensors, ultrasound sensors, pH sensors, chlorine sensors, fluoride sensors, taste sensors, or other suitable types of sensors. In one embodiment, the one or more drink quality sensors can sense the quality (e.g., boldness, flavor, acidity, caffeine, calories, sugar, sodium content, chlorine content, fluoride content, etc.) of the drink and communicate the sensed information to the electronic module, which can communicate the information to the user via a user interface on the cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container (e.g., drinkware or baby bottle), or communicate the information wirelessly to an electronic device (e.g., mobile electronic device such as a smart phone, PDA, tablet computer; desk top computer, etc.), either via the cloud, as discussed above, or via a wireless connection (e.g., BLUETOOTH® or WiFi or ZIGBEE™) The drink quality information can be communicated on a display screen or in the form of a verbal message, a text message, a visual message, a meter, a visual signal (e.g., glowing or blinking lights), an auditory signal or other suitable signals. In one embodiment, the one or more quality sensors can be used to communicate boldness information on coffee. In another embodiment, the one or more quality sensors can be used to communicate information to the user when a tea bag steeping process is completed. In another embodiment, the one or more drink quality sensors can be used to determine if milk or formula has gone bad inside of a baby bottle or liquid container and communicate said information to the user. In another embodiment, the one or more drink quality sensors can be used to determine if milk or formula inside of a baby bottle or liquid container is healthy to drink and communicate said information to the user. 
       FIG.  381    shows one embodiment of a liquid container LC 8  (e.g., a cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , water bottle). The liquid container LC 8  can include one or more quality sensors that can sense a quality of the liquid contained therein, such as the boldness (e.g., of coffee or tea), flavor, acidity, caffeine, calories, sugar, etc. In one embodiment, the one or more quality sensors can be visual sensors, light sensors, ultrasound sensors, pH sensors, chlorine sensors, fluoride sensors, taste sensors, or other suitable types of sensors. In one embodiment, the one or more drink quality sensors can sense the quality (e.g., boldness, flavor, acidity, caffeine, calories, sugar, sodium content, chlorine content, fluoride content, etc.) of the drink and communicate the sensed information to the electronic module, which can communicate the information to the user via a user interface UI 1  on the cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container (e.g., drinkware or baby bottle), or communicate the information wirelessly to an electronic device (e.g., mobile electronic device such as a smart phone, PDA, tablet computer; desk top computer, etc.), either via the cloud, as discussed above, or via a wireless connection (e.g., BLUETOOTH® or WiFi or ZIGBEE™). The drink quality information can be communicated on a display screen UI 1  or in the form of a verbal message, a text message, a visual message, a meter, a visual signal (e.g., glowing or blinking lights), an auditory signal or other suitable signals. 
     In one embodiment, the liquid container LC 8  (e.g., water bottle) can have a liquid quality sensor, as discussed above, a wireless power receiver, one or more power storage elements PS, and can exclude a heating or cooling system. In another embodiment, the wireless power receiver can be replaced with a kinetic electricity generator, as discussed further below. In one embodiment, the liquid container LC 8  can have one or more solar panels SP on an outside surface thereof for collecting solar energy that can be used to power the one or more quality sensors, visual display, etc. 
     Though the quality sensor disclosed above may be described in connection with a mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottle or liquid container, one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     In one embodiment, the cup, mug, travel mug, water bottle or liquid container can have a timer feature which can be set and/or activated by the user or by a third party (e.g. an employee of a coffee shop). Said timer feature can alert the user as to when the tea bag steeping process is complete. The alert can be an audible sound, a notification on a display screen, a notification or audible sound on the user&#39;s mobile electronic device or mobile phone, or any other suitable means of notifying the user). 
     Vacuum Sealed Mug 
       FIG.  39    shows one embodiment of a travel mug  2000 , such as a travel coffee mug, that can incorporate some of the same features described above with respect to the mug  400 , cup, travel mug  600 ,  1700 A, water bottle or liquid container. In the illustrated embodiment, the travel mug  2000  has an outer circumferential wall  2010 , a handle  2012  and a bottom portion  2040 , where the bottom portion  2040  can, in one embodiment, be removably attached to the distal end of the outer circumferential wall  2010 . In the illustrated embodiment, the travel mug  2000  has an inner circumferential wall  2020  that extends from a proximal portion  2022  to a base  2026 . The inner circumferential wall  2020  defines a chamber  2018  (e.g., receiving portion or cavity) for holding a liquid (e.g., coffee, tea). The travel mug  2000  can in one embodiment be sized to fit in a standard diameter cup holder (e.g., in an automobile, theatre). Additionally, the travel mug  2000  can be sized (e.g., have a height) to allow it to fit in a drawer (e.g., top drawer) of a dishwasher rack, such that the travel mug  2000  can be placed upside down in the dishwasher for cleaning in a generally vertical orientation. In one embodiment, the travel mug  2000  can hold about 16 ounces of liquid. However, other liquid containment sizes can be used (e.g., 12 oz., 24 oz., etc.). 
     The inner circumferential wall  2020  can attach at its proximal portion  2022  to a proximal end  2012   a  of the outer circumferential wall  2010 . The inner circumferential wall  2020  is shaped relative to the outer circumferential wall  2010  so as to define an annular gap  2028  between the inner circumferential wall  2020  and the outer circumferential wall  2010 . Additionally, the base  2026  of the inner circumferential wall  2020  is spaced apart from the bottom portion  2040  so as to define a cavity  2030  therebetween, where the cavity  2030  is walled off or separated from the annular gap  2028 . A cover  2070  can be removably disposed over the opening in the inner circumferential wall  2020  to substantially seal the top of the cavity or liquid receiving portion  2018 . 
     The travel mug  2000  can have a heating or cooling system  2055 , similar to heating or cooling systems discloses herein, such as for the mug  400 , travel mug  600 , plate  100  (e.g., a system that can have one or more Peltier elements that can operate in heating and cooling modes to selectively provide heating and cooling to the liquid in the travel mug  2000 ), though for simplicity the heating elements of the heating or cooling system have been excluded from  FIG.  39   . In one embodiment, the heating or cooling system  2055  can include one or more energy storage devices  2080  and an electronic module  2090 , where these components can be arranged and connected in the same manner described above in connection with the heated or cooled plate  100 , bowl or serving dish and heated or cooled mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. One or more heating or cooling elements (not shown) can be disposed adjacent the inner wall  2020  (e.g., along at least a portion of the height of the inner wall  2020 ), such as in contact with an outer surface  2020   a  of the inner circumferential wall  2020  to thereby provide heating or cooling to the liquid in the chamber or cavity  2018 . 
     The electronic module  2090  can be attached to the bottom portion  2040  and can include one or more of a wireless power receiver  2092  (e.g., that can receive power from an inductive coupling transmitter in a charging base, such as charging base  700 , or a charging pad, such as one embedded in a table as discussed herein), control circuitry  2094  (e.g., controller circuit, microcontroller, etc.) and a charger  2096  (e.g., charging circuit) for charging the one or more energy storage devices  2080 . The electronic module  2090  can include a MCU with capacitive sensing and graphic control features. The control circuitry  2094  can operate to manage the power delivered to the one or more heating or cooling elements. The control circuitry  2094  can also be used to manage the charging of the one or more energy storage devices  2080 . 
     In one embodiment, the wireless power receiver  2092  is electrically connected to the battery charger  2096 , which is electrically connected to the energy storage devices  2080  that in turn are electrically connected to the heating or cooling elements. In another embodiment, where energy storage devices  2080  are excluded, the wireless power receiver  2092  can be electrically connected to the heating or cooling elements. 
     In one embodiment, the bottom portion  2040  can be removably attached to the travel mug  2000  to allow access to the heating or cooling system  2055  in the cavity  2030 . For example, the bottom portion  2040  can be mechanically coupled to the travel mug  2000 , (e.g., with screws, a threaded interface between the bottom portion  640  and travel mug  600 , a press-fit connection). The bottom portion  2040  can be removed to allow the replacing of the one or more energy storage devices  2080  and the servicing of the heating or cooling system  2055 . In one embodiment, the bottom portion  2040  can be a water resistant lid that can be removably attachable (e.g., threaded on or screwed) to the travel mug  2000 , cup, water bottle or liquid container for accessing the heating or cooling system  2055 . In another embodiment, the bottom portion  2040  can be a water resistant lid that can be removably attachable (e.g., threaded on or screwed) to the travel mug  2000 , cup, water bottle or liquid container for accessing the one or more energy storage devices  2080 . In yet another embodiment, the energy storage devices  2080  can be in a pack that is attached (e.g., threaded snap fit, screwed down) onto the bottom or side of the travel mug  2000 , where the pack&#39;s electrical contacts connect with a set of electrical contacts on the bottom or side of the travel mug  2000 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. 
     With continued reference to  FIG.  39   , the travel mug  2000  is a double walled unit with the inner wall  2020  and the outer wall  2010 . In one embodiment, the travel mug  2000  can be vacuum sealed, such that a vacuum exists in the gap  2028 . In another embodiment, the travel mug  2000  need not be vacuum sealed, but can have the double wall structure separated by the gap  2028 . In the illustrated embodiment, one or more spacers  2098  interconnects the base  2026  of the inner wall  2020  and the inner surface  2010   a  of the outer wall  2010 . In one embodiment, the one or more spacers  2098  can be of a thermally conductive material (e.g., aluminum, copper). The one or more spacers  2098  can advantageously provide a thermal bridge to transfer heat from the cavity  2018  to the outer wall  2010   a . In one embodiment, the inner wall  2020  and surface  2010   a  are part of a single piece (e.g., monolithic piece) that can be inserted into the body of the travel mug  2000 . 
     A temperature sensor (e.g., thermistor, thermostat) can be connected to the outer wall  2010   a  and can be in thermal communication with the one or more spacers  2098  to thereby provide a temperature reading of the temperature in the cavity  2018 . The temperature sensor can communicate with the electronic module  2090 , which can communicate the sensed temperature information as discussed herein (e.g., communicate it to a user interface of the travel mug  2000 , communicate it to an electronic device, such as a mobile electronic device, via the cloud or a near field communication system). This embodiment advantageously allows obtaining of temperature information from the cavity  2018  in a double walled travel mug  2000  (e.g., a vacuum sealed mug) without the need to extend wiring through a vacuum chamber in the gap  2028 . 
     In another embodiment, the one or more spacers  2098  can alternatively (or additionally) serve as a sound bridge and allow the sensing of liquid volume or level within the cavity  2018 . For example, a sound generator (e.g., an ultrasound generator) can be coupled to the outer wall  2010  adjacent one of the one or more spacers  2098  and generate a signal (e.g., a vibration signal) that can be communicated into the liquid in the cavity  2018  via the spacer  2098 . A microphone (e.g., an ultrasound microphone) can be coupled to the outer wall  2010  adjacent another of the one or more spacers  2098  and communicate a signal to the electronic module  2090 , which could determine a volume (or level) of liquid in the cavity  2018  based on a comparison of the frequency of the signal generated by the sound generator and the frequency received by the microphone. In another embodiment an ultrasound sensor can be used where the speaker and microphone are part of one sensor device, and that sensor device can be coupled to an outer wall of the vacuum sealed chamber, in close proximity to or in audible communication with the spacer  2098 . 
     In another embodiment, where the spacer  2098  is excluded, a temperature sensor (e.g., thermistor, thermostat), or ultrasound sensor, can be coupled to the outer surface of the base  2026  and one or more wires run through the outer wall  2010  with an air-tight seal (if the travel mug is vacuum sealed) or non-airtight seal (if the travel mug is not vacuum sealed) between the dual wall unit to thereby provide temperature and/or liquid level or volume information from the cavity  2018  to the electronic module  2090 . 
       FIG.  40    shows another embodiment of a travel mug  2100 . The travel mug  2100  is similar to the travel mug  2000  and can include many of the same features. As such, similar features in the travel mug  2100  and travel mug  2000  have similar numerical identifiers, except that the identifier for the feature in the travel mug  2100  is prefaced by “21” instead of “20”. The description below therefore focuses on the features of the travel mug  2100  that differ from the travel mug  2000 . 
     The travel mug  2100  can be a double walled unit with an inner wall  2120  and an outer wall  2110 . The base  2126  of the inner wall  2120  can have one or more portions  2126   c  that can contact one or more portions  2110   c  of a base  2110   b  of the outer wall  2110 . A temperature sensor (e.g., thermistor, thermostat) can be connected to the one or more portions  2110   c  of the base  2110   b  to thereby provide a temperature reading of the temperature in the cavity  2118 . The temperature sensor can communicate with the electronic module  2190 , which can communicate the sensed temperature information as discussed herein (e.g., communicate it to a user interface of the travel mug  2100 , communicate it to an electronic device, such as a mobile electronic device, via the cloud or a BLUETOOTH® connection). This embodiment advantageously allows obtaining of temperature information from the cavity  2118  in a double walled travel mug  2100  (e.g., a vacuum sealed mug) without the need to extend wiring through a vacuum chamber in the gap  2128  and without the use of a spacer between the inner wall  2120  and the outer wall  2110   a . In one embodiment, the inner wall  2120  and surface  2110   a  are part of a single piece (e.g., monolithic piece) that can be inserted into the body of the travel mug  2100 . 
     In another embodiment, the contact between the one or more portions  2126   c  of the inner wall  2120  and one or more portions  2110   c  of the outer wall  2110  can alternatively (or additionally) serve as a sound bridge and allow the sensing of liquid volume or level within the cavity  2118 . For example, a sound generator (e.g., an ultrasound generator) can be coupled to the outer surface of the outer wall  2110  adjacent one of said contacting one or more portions  2126   c  of the inner wall  2126  and one or more portions  2110   c  of the outer wall  2110   b  and generate a signal (e.g., a vibration signal) that can be communicated into the liquid in the cavity  2118 . A microphone (e.g., an ultrasound microphone) can be coupled to an outer surface of the outer wall  2110  adjacent another of said contacting one or more portions  2126   c  of the inner wall  2126  and one or more portions  2110   c  of the outer wall  2110   b  and communicate a signal to the electronic module  2190 , which could determine a volume (or level) of liquid in the cavity  2118  based on a comparison of the frequency of the signal generated by the sound generator and the frequency received by the microphone. 
     In still another option, not shown, the one or more portions  2126   c  can have an opening defined by an edge that can be coupled (e.g., welded) to the one or more portions  2110   c  of the outer wall  2110   b  such that the temperature or liquid volume/level sensors can be attached to an outer surface of the outer wall  2110   b  and so their signals need only pass through the single wall. 
     Though the temperature and/or liquid sensing disclosed above may be described in connection with a travel mug  2000 ,  2100 , one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2400 , beer mug  1600 , baby bottle  1500 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Bread Basket 
       FIG.  41    shows a bread basket  2200  that can include many of the features discussed above with respect to the plate  100 , bowl, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 . In particular, the bread basket  2200  or bread warmer device can include a heating system (not shown), which can include one or more heating elements, an electronic module (including a wireless power receiver, control circuitry and/or charging circuitry), and one or more sensors to sense operating parameters of the heating system and the temperature of the bread basket. In one embodiment, the bread basket or bread warmer can have a heating system (e.g. one or more heating elements), one or more power storage elements (e.g. battery or capacitor) and a thermostat circuit (or can exclude a thermostat circuit). In this embodiment, the one or more power storage elements within the bread basket or bread warmer can be charged via inductive coupling, or other wireless power configurations, or via electrical contacts on the bread basket or bread warmer, or via a connection cable, or the one or more power storage elements can be removable and charged on a charging station. In another embodiment, the power storage elements can be excluded. In this embodiment, the bread warmer or bread basket can receive power via wireless power or via electrical contacts or a connection cable and can use said power to activate one or more heating elements within the bread warmer or bread basket. This embodiment can be used to pre-heat the bread basket or bread warmer, or the electrical connection can be maintained and the bread basket or bread warmer can stay actively heated while the bread is being served. A thermostat circuit can also be used, optionally, within this embodiment. The operation of the heating system in the bread basket  2200  or bread warmer can be similar to that disclosed herein for other embodiments (e.g., the plate  100 ; bowl; serving dish; mugs  400 ; travel mugs  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ; beer mug  1600 , etc.). 
     Tortilla Warmer 
       FIG.  42    shows a tortilla warmer  2300  that can have a container  2310  and a cover  2320  and can include many of the features discussed above with respect to the plate  100 , bowl, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 . In particular, the tortilla warmer  2300  can include a heating system (not shown), which can include one or more heating elements, an electronic module (including a wireless power receiver, control circuitry and/or charging circuitry), and one or more sensors to sense operating parameters of the heating system and the temperature of the tortilla warmer. In one embodiment, the tortilla warmer can have a heating system (e.g. one or more heating elements), one or more power storage elements (e.g. battery or capacitor) and a thermostat circuit (or can exclude a thermostat circuit). In this embodiment, the one or more power storage elements within the tortilla warmer can be charged via inductive coupling, or other wireless power configurations, or via electrical contacts on the tortilla warmer, or via a connection cable, or the one or more power storage elements can be removable and charged on a charging station. In another embodiment, the power storage elements can be excluded. In this embodiment, the tortilla warmer can receive power via wireless power or via electrical contacts or a connection cable and can use said power to activate one or more heating elements within the tortilla warmer. This embodiment can be used to pre-heat the tortilla warmer, or the electrical connection can be maintained and the tortilla warmer can stay actively heated while the tortillas are being served. A thermostat circuit can also be used, optionally, within this embodiment. The operation of the heating system in the tortilla warmer  2300  can be similar to that disclosed herein for other embodiments (e.g., the plate  100 ; bowl; serving dish; mugs  400 ; travel mugs  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ; beer mug  1600 , etc.). 
     Electric Hand Warmer 
       FIG.  43    shows one embodiment of a mug  2400  with an electric hand warmer  2410 . The mug  2400  can have some or all of the same features as discussed above for the mug  400 , or travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2100 , including a heating or cooling system with one or more heating or cooling elements, an electronic module (with a wireless power receiver, control circuitry, and optionally charging circuitry), and optionally one or more power storage devices (e.g., batteries, capacitors). In the illustrated embodiment, the hand warmer  2410  can have one or more heating elements  2412  on an outer surface  2414  of the mug  2400  or a handle (not shown) of the mug  2400 , where the one or more heating elements  2412  (e.g., heater wire, thermoelectric elements, resistive heaters, etc.) can be activated (e.g., selectively activated or automatically activated) to warm an outer surface  2414  of the mug  2400 , so that the user&#39;s hands can be warmed as the user holds the mug  2400 . The one or more heating elements  2412  can in one embodiment be distributed around a portion of the outside circumference of the mug  2400  and attached to, coupled to, embedded in or otherwise incorporated in an outer surface  2414  of the mug  2400  (e.g., disposed beneath an outer layer of the mug  2400 ). In another embodiment, the one or more heating elements can be elsewhere within the mug or travel mug and can be in thermal communication with an outer surface  2402  of the mug or travel mug (e.g. the heat energy can be conducted to the outer surface from a heat source located anywhere within the mug or travel mug). 
     In one embodiment, the heat generated from the heating or cooling system within the mug (i.e. the heating or cooling system that actively heats or cools the liquid within the mug or travel mug) can be used to conduct heat to a hand warmer feature (e.g. the heat energy from the heating or cooling system can be conducted to an outer surface  2402  of the mug or travel mug and act as a hand warmer feature). The hand warmer  2410  can in one embodiment be automatically activated (e.g., via the control circuitry of the mug  2400 ) when the mug  2400  is used, such as when a liquid is poured into the mug  2400  (e.g., when the presence of liquid is sensed, as discussed in embodiments herein). In another embodiment, the hand warmer  2410  can be selectively actuated (e.g., turned on, off, or to selected temperature set points such as high, medium, low, or a specific temperature) by the user via a user interface (such as the user interface  695 ,  1710 A) on the mug  2400 , which communicates the user&#39;s instructions to the control circuitry of the mug  2400 . In still another embodiment, the hand warmer  2410  can be selectively actuated (e.g., turned on, off, or to selected temperature set points such as high, medium, low, or a specific temperature) by the user via a user interface on an electronic device (e.g., mobile electronic device such as the mobile phone  1750 A) that communicates with the mug  2400  (e.g., communicates with the control circuitry of the mug  2400 ) via the cloud or a BLUETOOTH® connection. In yet another embodiment, a temperature sensor on the mug  2400  (e.g., on an outer surface of the mug  2400 ) can sense the ambient temperature and actuate (e.g., automatically actuate via the control circuitry) the hand warmer  2410  if the sensed ambient temperature is below a predetermined set point or range. In one embodiment, operation of the hand warmer  2410  can be powered by one or more power storage devices (e.g., batteries, capacitors, etc.). In one embodiment, a mug or travel mug can have an electric hand warmer feature, one or more power storage elements (to power the hand warmer) and control circuitry (to turn on or off the hand warmer, or to control certain preset temperature set points, etc.). In this embodiment, a user interface can optionally be included, which can allow the user to select certain hand warmer operation modes, or temperature modes, or other settings that effect the operation of the hand warmer feature. 
     Though the electric hand warmer disclosed above may be described in connection with a mug  2400 , one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , beer mug  1600 , baby bottle  1500 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Chilled Dishware 
     In one embodiment, a cup, mug, travel mug, beer mug, beverage container or other liquid container (such as the mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , beer mug  1600 ) can have one or more thermoelectric elements configured to cool the liquid within the cup, mug, travel mug, beer mug, beverage container or other liquid container, one or more heat sinks thermally coupled to said one or more thermoelectric elements, and an active cooling device (such as a fan, diaphragm, etc.) which can move air across said one or more heat sinks. This airflow can advantageously increase the productivity of the one or more thermoelectric elements and can create a colder beverage temperature within the cup, mug, travel mug, beer mug, beverage container or other liquid container. In one embodiment, the cooling fan can be a water resistant or water proof cooling fan and air flow can be ducted to the location of the heat sink. The use of a waterproof or water resistant cooling fan can enable the creation of a dishwasher safe or water safe cup, mug, travel mug, beer mug, beverage container or other liquid container. In another embodiment, a water resistant or water proof diaphragm can be used to create said airflow. The cup, mug, travel mug, beer mug, beverage container or other liquid container described in this paragraph can include any of the features described above or below of the plate  100 ; bowl; serving dish; mug  400 ; travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ; beer mug  1600 , etc. (e.g. power storage elements, wireless communications, wireless power, user-interface, electronics module, etc.). 
     Wand 
     In one embodiment, the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers can be actuated with a wand  1000  (see  FIG.  19   ) that can be waived over one or more of the plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers to turn the heating or cooling element  60 ,  460 ,  660  on or off, or to set a desired temperature or turn on or off other features For example, when a plurality of plates  100  (or bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers) are laid out and arranged on a counter (e.g., kitchen counter) or a table, the wand  1000  can be passed over the plates  100  (or bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers) to turn the heating or cooling element  60 ,  460 ,  660  on or off, or to set an operating parameter of the one or more plates  100  (or bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers), as described below. The one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers can have a receiver (e.g., an RF receiver) that can receive a signal (e.g., RF signal) from the wand  1000  as the wand  1000  passes over them. In another embodiment, the wand  1000  can transmit at a certain frequency, or using a magnet or magnetic field that changes a state in the electronics of the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers that can, for example, communicate instructions to the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers (e.g., via the electric module  90 ,  490 ,  690 ) to turn on. In one embodiment, the wand  1000  and one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers can form an inductive loop that when the wand gets close to the plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers (e.g., within 3-6 inches, or less than 3 inches, or more than 6 inches), the inductive loop being charged (e.g., RFID passive loop sensing). The RFID loop in the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers can be energized when the wand  1000  passes over it, changing the state of the electronics from a first state to a second state to turn the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers on, or to turn on a wireless receiver which can then receive a signal from the wand  1000  with a given command (e.g. temperature mode setting, etc.). 
     In another embodiment, the wand  1000  can be used to communicate operational information or instructions to the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers. For example, the wand  1000  can be used to communicate one or more predetermined temperature set points or power settings. For example, the wand  1000  can have a user interface  1010  allowing the user to select a predetermined temperature set point or power setting and to communicate the information to the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers as the wand  1000  is waved over them. Additionally, the wand  1000  can be used to turn on or off limited function modes (as described further below) on one or more of the plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers. More generally, the wand  1000  can perform a data upload to, and/or data download from, the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers. 
     In one embodiment, the wand  1000  can transmit an RF signal at a certain frequency to transmit instructions to the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers. In other embodiments, the wand  1000  can transmit in other frequencies to the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers. 
     In another embodiment, the wand  1000  can communicate with the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers via IR or other types of optical transmission. 
     Though the wand  1000  disclosed above may be described in connection with a plate  100 , mug  400  or travel mug  600 , one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , travel mug  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , beer mug  1600 , baby bottle  1500 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     User Interface 
       FIG.  20    shows another embodiment of a plate  1100 , bowl or serving dish. The plate  1100  is similar to the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′ described above and includes the same components (with the same numerical identifiers) and features disclosed for the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′, except as noted below. 
     In one embodiment, the plate  1100 , bowl or serving dish (or mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container) can have a user interface  1110  that can include one or more soft touch or touch switch buttons  1120  electrically connected to the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690  to operate the heating or cooling system  55 ,  455 ,  655 . For example, the one or more soft touch or touch switch buttons  1120  can be actuated by a user (e.g., can sense the electricity or resistance in the user&#39;s body when touched, such as capacitive touch sensing) to turn on or off the one or more heating elements  60 ,  460 ,  600  of the plate  1100 , bowl, or serving dish (or mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container). In another embodiment, the one or more soft touch or touch switch buttons  1120  can be actuated to provide a predetermined temperature set point (e.g., low, medium, high, or specific temperature settings) to the one or more heating elements  60 ,  460 ,  600  in the one or more plates  1100 , bowls, or serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers. For example, the one or more soft touch or touch switch buttons  1120  can operate like a toggle switch, where the user can touch the button  1120  one time to turn the heating or cooling system  55 ,  455 ,  655  on, touch it a second time to set the operation of the heating or cooling element  60 ,  60 ,  660  to a first level (e.g., low), touch a third time to set the operation of the heating or cooling element  60 ,  60 ,  660  to a second level (e.g., medium), touch a fourth time to set the operation of the heating or cooling element  60 ,  60 ,  660  to a third level (e.g., high), and touch a fifth time to turn the heating or cooling element  60 ,  460 ,  660  off. In another embodiment, the first touch of the soft touch or touch switch button  1120  can both turn the heating or cooling system  55 ,  455 ,  655  on and set the operation of the heating or cooling element  60 ,  60 ,  660  to the first level (e.g., low). The user-interface controls on the plate  1100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can also be other suitable user-interface mechanisms such as a push-button switch, slide switch, rocker switch, dial or wheel, etc. 
     With respect to the one or more plates  1100 , bowls or serving dishes, the one or more soft touch or touch switch buttons  1120  can be located on a rim  1130  of the plate  1100 , bowl or serving dish. In one embodiment, the one or more soft touch or touch switch buttons  1120  on the plate  1100 , bowl or serving dish can be a set of three soft touch buttons on the rim  1130  of the plate  1100 , bowl or serving dish and can each be backlit (e.g., with white light). The three soft touch buttons  1120  can correspond to different operating levels (e.g., low, medium, high) or temperatures (e.g., 130° F., 165° F., 200° F.) at which the heating or cooling element  60 ,  60 ′ of the plate  1100 , bowl or serving dish is to operate when the button  1120  is actuated. In one embodiment, multiple soft touch or touch switch buttons  830  can be located along the periphery of the plate  800 ′ or serving dish, each button  830  associated with one of a plurality of heating or cooling elements  860 A- 860 D (e.g., where different sections, such as quadrants, of the plate  800 ′, bowl or serving dish have separate heating or cooling elements  860 A- 860 D associated with them), as shown in  FIG.  17   . In one embodiment, the user interface  1110  on the one or more plates  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers can include one or more visual indicators  1140  (e.g., located on a rim  1130  of the plate  1100 , bowl or serving dish or located on the side or top of a cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , water bottle or liquid container) that can indicate an operating condition or parameter of the one or more plates  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers. For example, the one or more visual indicators  1140  can display operating information, such as charge level, power level, selected temperature, etc. The visual indicator  1140  can be one or more of an LED, glowing light, or digital screen; however, other suitable visual indicators can be used. In one embodiment, the user interface can be behind a tinted semi-transparent layer of plastic so that when the screen goes dark, the user interface screen is unnoticeable as it is behind the layer of plastic. When the screen is activated by the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690 , it illuminates through the translucent plastic layer (e.g., tinted plastic or frosted plastic or colored plastic). The screen can be automatically activated when liquid is sensed in the mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container or when food is sensed on the plate, bowl or serving dish and can display one or more parameters (e.g. liquid temperature or food temperature or user-selected temperature mode). The user interface on the plate  1100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can have one or more buttons (e.g., soft touch buttons) that the user can toggle to change the operation of the heating or cooling system  55 ,  455 ,  655 . For example, the user can toggle the one or more buttons to change the power level or temperature setting for the heating or cooling element  60 ,  460 ,  660 , or to change between different operating functions of the plate  1100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. In another embodiment, the user can press and hold the button to increase the temperature setting for the plate  1100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container, which can increase in predetermined temperature increments (e.g., 5° F. increments) until a maximum temperature setting is reached, after which continued pressing of the button can cause the temperature setting to begin incrementing again from the minimum temperature setting. Once the user stops pressing the button, the operating temperature will be set for the heating or cooling element  60 ,  460 ,  660  in the plate  1100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. 
     As discussed above, the one or more buttons (e.g., buttons  1120 ) can be pressed to toggle between different functions, one of which can be the temperature setting for the plate  1100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. Toggling the button again can have the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690  display on the user interface the charge level of the one or more batteries  80 ,  480 ,  680  in the plate  1100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. Toggling again the button can have the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690  display the BLUETOOTH® pairing mode, or allow the user to pair the plate  1100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container to a desired mobile electronic device (e.g., by pressing and holding the button). Once paired, the mobile electronic device can then receive information (e.g., temperature, battery charge level, liquid level) from the plate  1100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container, as well as transmit instruction (e.g., temperature setting, power setting, on or off, etc.) to the plate  1100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. 
     In one embodiment, the one or more soft touch or touch switch buttons (such as buttons  1120  in  FIG.  20   ) can glow or be lit once actuated by a user to signify that the associated heating or cooling element  60 ,  460 ,  660  is operating. For example, the soft touch or touch switch buttons can be backlit (e.g., with one or more LEDs or electroluminescence or OLEDs). Similarly, the soft touch or touch switch buttons can be unlit or not glow when the associated heating or cooling element  60 ,  460 ,  660  is not in operation. In another embodiment, the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690  can additionally (or alternatively) cause an audible sound (e.g., from a piezo speaker incorporated into the one or more plates  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers) to be generated when the user presses the one or more soft touch or touch switch buttons (or any other type of button, dial or switch). 
     Though the user interface disclosed above may be described in connection with a plate  1100 , mug  400  or travel mug  600 , one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1300 ,  1400 , travel mug  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , beer mug  1600 , baby bottle  1500 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Actuation 
     In one embodiment, the electronic module  90  can control the heating or cooling system  55  of the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers to actuate or turn on when they are removed from their associated charging station, such as the charging station  1700  described below. For example, in one embodiment, the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers can have a sensor (e.g., proximity sensor, magnet, electrical current removal detector, etc.) in communication with the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690 , where the proximity sensor sends a signal to the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690  when the plate  100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container is removed from the charging stand, and the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690  turns on power to the heating or cooling element  60 ,  60 ′,  460 ,  660  based at least in part on said signal. In another embodiment, the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690  can place the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers in standby mode when removed from the charging stand, but does not turn on the one or more heating or cooling elements  60 ,  60 ′,  460 ,  660 , which can thereafter be turned on, for example, via user actuation of the one or more soft touch buttons (such as the buttons  830 ,  1120 ), use of a wireless remote control or mobile electronic device, or wand  1000 , or liquid or food sensing as described in the embodiments above. 
     Though the actuation functionality disclosed above may be described in connection with a plate  100 , mug  400  or travel mug  600 , one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , travel mug  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , beer mug  1600 , baby bottle  1500 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Charging Station 
       FIGS.  21 - 24 A  show one embodiment of a charging station  1700  or charging stand. In one embodiment, the charging station  1700  can have a user interface  1710  that communicates with the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690  in the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers. For example, the user interface  1710  on the charging station  1700  can be actuated by the user to set one or more operating parameters of the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers, such as user selected predetermined temperature set points or power setting modes. 
     With respect to the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes, the user can actuate one or more buttons on the charging station  1700  that holds a plurality of plates  100 ,  1100  (e.g., be a charging stand that holds the plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes in stacked form, as shown in  FIG.  23   , such as suspended from a base surface of the charging station). The user can set the desired operating temperature or power level for each of the plurality of plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes (e.g., set either individually for each plate  100 , bowl or serving dish, or set for all plates  100 , bowls or serving dishes at once with one command), said instructions communicated from the user interface  1710  on the charging stand  1700  to the electronic module  90  in the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes (e.g., via wireless communication such as RF, or via electrical contacts on the charging station  1700  that interface with corresponding electrical contacts on the plates, bowls or serving dishes, such as contacts  46 ′″ in  FIG.  3 A ). Subsequently, when the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes are removed from the charging station  1700  (as shown in  FIG.  24 A ), the electronic module  90  can automatically turn the heating or cooling element  60 ,  60 ′ in the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes on to the preselected temperature or power setting (e.g., low, medium, high) previously selected by the user via the interface  1710  (e.g., stored in a memory, such as Flash memory on the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690 ) while the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes were on the charging station  1700 . 
     In another embodiment, the user can actuate one or more buttons on the charging station  1700  while the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes are positioned on the charging station  1700  to instruct at least one of the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes to not turn on when the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes is removed from the charging station  1700 , allowing the heating or cooling system  55  in the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes to remain off, or in a standby mode when removed from the charging station  1700 . The user can then separately turn on the heating or cooling element  60 ,  60 ′ in the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes (e.g., via actuation of the one or more soft touch buttons on the plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes, use of the wireless remote control or mobile electronic device, or via the wand, as described above). In another embodiment, the user-interface buttons  1710  on the charging station  1700  can be used to put the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes into a given mode (e.g. temperature mode or power level mode) or to activate other features within the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes. In another embodiment, the user-interface  1710  on the charging station  1700  can be used to communicate certain information to the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes (e.g. the username of a user, favorite setting, icon selection, the ambient temperature, etc.) In another embodiment, the user can actuate one or more buttons  1710  on the charging station  1700  while the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes are not on the charging station  1700  (e.g. the plate or plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes are on the counter or on the dinner table and the user can turn one or more of the plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes on from the charging station  1700  via an RF transmitter in the charging station  1700 ). In this embodiment, the charging station  1700  operates as a wireless remote to control the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes. Said buttons or interface  1710  on the charging station  1700  can be a soft touch button, touch switch, push button switch, slider switch, dial or any other means of user-interface control. The charging base  1700  and charging base functions described in this paragraph can also be for other embodiments of the invention such as one or more bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers. 
     The user interface  1710  on the charging station  1700  can have one or more visual indicators  1720  showing a charging status or level (e.g., percentage of battery power) of the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes positioned on the charging station  1700  (e.g., one visual charging indicator for each plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl or serving dish). For example, the charging station  1700  can have a plurality of visual indicators  1720 , each associated with one plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl or serving dish positioned on the charging station  1700 , and showing the charging status or level for the battery  80  of the associated plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl or serving dish. The one or more visual indicators  1720  can also show the user selected temperature set point or power level for the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes on the charging station  1700 . A charging station for the mug  400  or travel mug  600  can have a similar user interface and one or more visual indicators. 
     In one embodiment, the charging station  1700  or stand that can hold a plurality of plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes (e.g., can hold four plates, or more, or less) can charge the plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes via one or more direct electrical connections between the charging station  1700  and the plates  100 . In another embodiment, the charging station  1700  or stand can charge the plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes via inductive coupling, as discussed above. In one embodiment, the charging station can have an inductive coupling column  1740  (e.g., a vertically oriented inductive coupling system), with one or more inductive coupling transmitters  1730  that inductively couple with a plurality of plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes positioned on the charging station  1700  or stand. In one embodiment, the plurality of inductive coupling transmitters  1730  can be in a linear array, as to interface with a plurality of plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes. 
     The charging station  1700  can have a plurality of inductive coupling transmitters  1730 , e.g., in the shape of a slanted ledge  1732 , where each transmitter  1730  can couple to at least a portion of an underside (e.g., an underside of the rim) of a corresponding plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl or serving dish (as shown in  FIGS.  23 - 24   ) on the charging station  1700  to inductively couple to the plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl or serving dish. However in other embodiments, the inductive coupling transmitters  1730  can have other shapes and can inductively couple to other areas of a corresponding plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl or serving dish (e.g., an edge of the plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl or serving dish, a bottom of the plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl or serving dish, a cylindrical female/male port within the plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl or serving dish, or other section of the plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl or serving dish). In another embodiment, the inductive coupling charging station or stand can be in a horizontal orientation, so that the plurality of plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes can be vertically oriented similar to the way a plate sits in the dishwasher. In another embodiment, the inductive coupling charging station can be integrated into a dishwasher DW (see  FIG.  23   ) so that the plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes can be charged while they are in the dishwasher. The charging station and charging station functions described in this paragraph can also be for other embodiments of the invention such as one or more bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers. 
       FIG.  24 B  shows another embodiment of a charging station  1700 ′, which can be similar to the charging station  200 ,  300 ,  500 ,  700 ,  1700 , except as described below. The charging station  1700 ′ can include a resonant coupling wireless power transmitter  1770  (e.g., resonant coupling wireless power transmitter) that can transmit power to one or more (e.g., a plurality of) plates  100   800 ,  900 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers without the use of repeater circuits in the plates  100   800 ,  900 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers so that the power transmission  1772  radiates through the units stacked on the charging station  1700 ′. The resonant coupling wireless power transmitter  1770  can optionally be located in a base portion of the charging station  1700 ′. 
       FIG.  24 C  shows another embodiment of a charging station  1700 ″, which can be similar to the charging station  200 ,  300 ,  500 ,  700 ,  1700 ,  1700 ′ except as described below. The charging station  1700 ″ can include a wireless power transmitter  1770 ′ that can transmit power to one or more (e.g., a plurality of) plates  100   800 ,  900 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers. Each of the plates  100   800 ,  900 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers can have a repeater circuit so that power transmission  1772 ′ is provided by each of the units to an adjacent unit to provide wireless power thereto. The wireless power transmitter  1770 ″ (e.g., resonant coupling wireless power transmitter or inductive coupling wireless power transmitter) can optionally be located in a base portion of the charging station  1700 ″. 
     In another embodiment, the charging station (e.g.  300 ,  500 ,  700 ,  1700 ) can be sized to accommodate one plate  100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container, respectively. The charging station can have one or more visual indicators, which can indicate an operating condition of the charging station and/or plate  100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. For example, the one or more visual indicators can be an indicator light that illuminates when the plate  100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container is charging, or has completed its charging, or an indicator to illustrate the current percentage of charge level. 
     Though the charging station and charging station functions disclosed above may be described in connection with a plate  100 ,  1100 , one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , beer mug  1600 , baby bottle  1500 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. Additionally, though the charging station functions disclosed above are described in connection with the charging station  1700  one of skill in the art will recognize that these functions can also apply to the charging base  200 ,  300 ,  500 , and  700 . 
     Preheat Mode 
     In one embodiment, the charging station  1700  can have one or more buttons  1710  (e.g., three buttons) on its user interface  1710  for different temperature set points (e.g., 130° F., 165° F., 200° F.) or operating levels (e.g., low, medium, high), which can be actuated by the user to initiate a preheat mode for the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers positioned on the charging station  1700  or stand. In one embodiment, the one or more buttons  1710  can control a preheat feature for all of the plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers positioned on the charging stand  1700  (e.g., control all simultaneously). In another embodiment, separate sets of buttons can be provided on the charging station  1700 , each set of buttons associated with one charging location that receives one plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container thereon for charging on the charging station. 
     Once a user presses the one or more preheat buttons  1710  on the charging station  1700 , the charging station  1700  will communicate instructions to the electronic module  90  of the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers to turn on the heating or cooling element  60 ,  460 ,  660  to the user selected temperature or power level mode. In said preheat mode, power to the heating or cooling element  60 ,  460 ,  660  in the plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers can be provided by the charging station  1700  (e.g., via inductive coupling or electrical contacts), rather than from the one or more batteries  80 ,  480 ,  680  within the plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers, thereby conserving battery power. Once the desired preheat temperature has been obtained, a visual indicator light  1720  on the charging station  1700  can change color (e.g., change to a green light) to indicate to the user that the preselected preheat temperature has been obtained and that the plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers can be removed. Other suitable indicators can be used to indicate to the user that the selected preheat temperature has been obtained (e.g. audible sound, flashing light, digital screen with a message or an icon, glowing icon, etc.). 
     Once the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers are removed from the charging station  1700 , the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690  can operate the heating or cooling element  60 ,  460 ,  660  with the one or more electrical energy storage elements (e.g., batteries)  80 ,  480 ,  680  to maintain a user selected temperature. In another embodiment, the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers need not have an energy storage device, and can receive its power from the charging station  1700  (e.g. via inductive coupling or electrical contacts) for the purpose of preheating the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers. Once removed from the charging station  1700  (or preheat station) the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers would eventually cool down over time, in accordance with the heat dissipation characteristics of the material of the plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. Thermal materials can be used to prolong the amount of time that the plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container stays hot (e.g. phase change material, etc.). In one embodiment, the said plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container can have an inductive coupling receiver and a heating or cooling element (e.g., heating or cooling element  60 ). In another embodiment, there can be other circuitry in the said plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container such as a temperature sensor (e.g., the temperature sensors  820 A- 820 D,  920 ) and an electronics module (e.g., electronic module  90 ) which can regulate the temperature of the heating or cooling element. In another embodiment, the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers would receive different levels of power from the charging station (preheat station) based on a user-selected temperature or power setting. 
     The one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers can also have a visual indicator light (e.g., on a side wall or an edge or rim, such as visual indicator light  1140  on plate  1100 )) to indicate when the plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container is in preheat mode on the charging station  1700  (e.g., a red light, or a glowing icon or a flashing light), or when the preheat mode has been completed and the desired temperature has been obtained (e.g., a green light or a glowing icon, or flashing light, etc.). 
     Though the preheat mode disclosed above may be described in connection with a plate  100 ,  1100  mug  400  or travel mug  600 , one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1300 ,  1400 , cup, travel mug  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , beer mug  1600 , baby bottle  1500 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300  etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. Additionally, though the preheat mode disclosed above is described in connection with the charging station  1700  one of skill in the art will recognize that this feature can also apply to the charging base  200 ,  300 ,  500 , and  700 . 
     Limited Function Mode 
     In one embodiment, the charging station  1700  can have one or more limited function switches  1750  that can be actuated by the user to limit the function of the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes associated with the charging location on the charging station  1700  or stand. In one embodiment, the limited function switch  1750  can disable one or more operating temperatures or modes of the plate  100 ,  1100  (e.g., via communication of instructions from the charging station  1700  to the electronic module  90  of the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes). For example, the limited function switch  1750  can disable a high and medium operating temperature or power level in the plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes, thereby allowing the plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl or serving dish to operate in only a low operating temperature or power level. Such a limited function mode can be used, for example, when the plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl or serving dish will hold food for a child (to inhibit the risk of injury). In another embodiment, the limited function switch  1750  can also (or alternatively) be located on the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes themselves (e.g., can be a soft touch, touch switch button or any other type of switch on a rim of the plate  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes or underneath the plate, bowl or serving dish). In one embodiment, the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes can have a visual indicator (e.g., a backlit icon, glowing light, or other indicator on the rim or other location of the plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl or serving dish, such as indicator  1150  on plate  1100 ) that can indicate whether the limited function mode is turned on. 
     In one embodiment, at least one of the one or more limited function switches  1750  on the charging station  1700  can be a two position slider switch on a surface (e.g., a back surface) of the charging station  1700  that can be used as a child lock switch. The switch can be actuated between a “Child lock On” and a “Child lock Off” state. The “Child lock On” state can limit the power level or temperature in one or more of the plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes on the charging station  1700  to the low power level or temperature (e.g., via communication with the electronic module  90 ), and a padlock icon on the plate, such as the padlock icon  1150  of plate  1100 , bowl or serving dish in  FIG.  20    (e.g., on the front side of the plate) can be illuminated (e.g., green backlight) when the plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl or serving dish is removed from the charging station  1700  to illustrate that the plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl or serving dish is in Child lock mode. If the user then touches the button (e.g., soft touch button, such as the soft touch button  1120  of plate  1100 ) associated with the low power level or temperature (e.g., 130° F.), the electronic module  90  will turn the heating or cooling element  60  on and operate it at that level. If the user touches another button (e.g., soft touch button, such as the soft touch button  1120  of plate  1100 ) on the plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl or serving dish to try to change the mode of operation of the plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl or serving dish to a higher temperature setting, the electronic module  90  will cause the glowing child lock icon to flash or strobe to indicate to the user that the child lock is on and that the plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl or serving dish cannot be changed to a higher temperature mode. In one embodiment, a user can disable the child lock mode on the plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl or serving dish as discussed further below by entering, for example, an unlock combination button-push sequence (e.g., pushing the temperature mode buttons in a specific order). Once the plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl or serving dish is again placed on the charging station  1700 , and the child lock switch  1750  (or limited function switch) on the charging station  1700  is on, the charging station  1700  will communicate instructions to the electronic module  90  of the plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl or serving dish to again turn on the child lock mode back on, so that the next time the plate  100 ,  1100 , bowl or serving dish is removed from the charging station  1700  it will again be in child lock mode. 
     In one embodiment, limited function mode (e.g., child lock mode) can be manually disabled or overridden in one or more ways (e.g. by pushing and holding predetermined buttons for a period of time, or pushing a combination of buttons in a predetermined sequence on the charging station or one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls or serving dishes). In another embodiment, the limited function mode can be actuated or disabled using a wireless remote control, mobile electronic device or wand, as discussed above. 
     Though the user limited function mode and child lock mode features disclosed above may be described in connection with a plate  100 ,  1100 , one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1300 ,  1400 , mug  400  or travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , beer mug  1600 , baby bottle  1500 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Water Tight and Dishwasher Safe 
     In one embodiment, the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers can be water tight, thereby inhibiting damage to the electronic and electrical components. In one embodiment the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers can be submersible up to 1 meter. However, in other embodiments, the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers can be submersible to depths lower or greater than this. 
     In one embodiment, the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers can be constructed so as to withstand temperatures of up to 200° F., thereby being suitable for cleaning in high temperature dishwashers, including commercial dishwashers with a sanitation cycle of about 180° F. In another embodiment, the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers can be sealed (e.g., via the bottom portion or member  40 ,  440 ,  640 ) so as to inhibit exposure of the electronics and electrical components to liquids (e.g., chemical bath during cleaning in a dishwasher). 
     In one embodiment, the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers can include liquid shielding technology to protect the circuitry and electrical components from water damage. For example, DRYWIRED™, LIQUIPEL™ or HZO WATERBLOCK™ can be used to protect the electronics in the one or more plates  100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, water bottles or liquid containers. Such liquid sealing technology can be used in addition to, or instead of the one or more water tight sealed compartments or cavities in the plate  100 , bowl, serving dish, mug  400 , travel mug  600 , cup, water bottle or liquid container. 
     Though the water tight and dishwasher safe features disclosed above may be described in connection with a plate  100 , mug  400  or travel mug  600 , one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , travel mug  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Bottom Glow 
     In one embodiment, the one or more plates  100  can have a visual indicator on the bottom of the plates  100 , which are illuminated (e.g., controlled by the electronic module  90 ) when the heating or cooling element  60 ,  60 ′ is in operation. For example, a multicolor LED (e.g., in a graphic LED grid) can be provided on the base of each of the plates  100  and when the one or more plates  100  are placed on a counter, the LED causes a soft glow to radiate (e.g., at a plurality of different brightness levels) from under each plate  100 . The electronic module  90  can control the operation of the multicolor LED to glow in a first color (e.g., red) when the heating or cooling element  60  is on, to glow in a second color when the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish is in a standby mode, or to glow in a third color when the plate  100 , bowl or serving dish is in a preheat mode (described above) on the charging station. In another embodiment, the lighting on the underside of the plate can be one color only. 
     Though the preheat mode disclosed above may be described in connection with a plate  100 , one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , mug  400  or travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Hot Plate or Cooled Plate 
       FIGS.  25 - 26    show one embodiment of a hot or cooled plate  1200 . The hot or cooled plate  1200  is similar to the plate  100 ,  100 ′ described above and includes the same components (with the same numerical identifiers) and features disclosed for the plate  100 ,  100 ′ described above, except as noted below. 
     The hot or cooled plate  1200  can have a generally flat top surface  1220 A and can receive thereon one or more plates, bowls, serving dishes, mugs, travel mugs, cups, water bottles or liquid containers (e.g., conventional dishware or drinkware) to heat the dishware or drinkware (e.g., before or after it has received a hot food item (e.g., steak)), or to chill the dishware or drinkware (e.g., before or after it has received a cold food item (e.g., salad)). The hot or cooled plate  1200  can operate in a similar manner as the plate  100 ,  100 ′ and can have one or more of the features disclosed in connection with the description of the operation of the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 , or baby bottle  1500 . For example, the hot or cooled plate  1200  can interface with a charging station, in a similar manner as the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 , and be actuated by a wand  1000  or other remote control mechanism or mobile electronic device. 
     Removable Battery Pack 
       FIGS.  27  and  28    show another embodiment of a plate  1300 , bowl or serving dish. The plate  1300  is similar to the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900  described above and includes the same components (with the same numerical identifiers) and features disclosed for the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 , except as noted below. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the plate  1300  can have a removable battery pack  80 ′ that removably couples to a bottom of the plate  1300 . In one embodiment, the battery pack  80 ′ can have an electrical contact  82 ′ that contacts an electrical contact  1330  on the plate  1300  to electrically connect the battery pack  80 ′ to the plate  1300  (e.g., to provide power to the electronic module  90 , including the controller circuit  94  and charging circuit  96 , and the heating or cooling element  60 ). In the illustrated embodiment, the electrical contact  82 ′ is ring shaped; however, the electrical contact  82 ′ can have other shapes. In one embodiment, the electrical contact  82 ′ can be an electrical contact strip (e.g., a gold plated electrical contact strip), though in other embodiments the electrical contact  82 ′ can have other suitable types or made of other suitable materials. Advantageously, the electrical contact  82 ′ is shaped so that the electrical connection between the battery pack  80 ′ and plate  1300  can be provided irrespective of the rotational orientation of the battery pack  80 ′ when coupled to the plate  1300 . 
     The battery pack  80 ′ can have a threaded portion  84 ′ that can mate with a threaded portion  1340  in a bottom of the plate  1300  to mechanically couple the battery pack  80 ′ to the plate  1300 . However, other suitable mechanisms can be used to mechanically couple the battery pack  80 ′ to the plate  1300  (e.g., tab and groove structure, press-fit connection). The battery pack  80 ′ can have a user handle or grip member  86 ′ to allow the user to hold and couple the battery pack  80 ′ to the plate  1300 . 
     The threaded connection between the battery pack  80 ′ and the plate  1300  can substantially seal the bottom of the plate  1300  in a water tight manner, as discussed above. In one embodiment, the battery pack  80 ′ can be sized to define substantially the entire base of the plate  1300  when coupled to the plate  1300 . In another embodiment, the battery pack  80 ′ can be sized to define only a portion of the base (e.g., less than the entire base) of the plate  1300 . 
     Though the battery pack feature disclosed above may be described in connection with a plate  1300 , one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 , mug  400  or travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Removable Base 
       FIGS.  29 - 30    show another embodiment of a plate  1400 , bowl or serving dish. The plate  1400  is similar to the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900  described above and includes the same components (with the same numerical identifiers) and features disclosed for the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 , except as noted below. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the plate  1400  can have a bottom portion (or base)  40 ′ that can be removably coupled to a bottom of the plate  1400  to substantially seal a compartment or cavity  50  in the bottom of the plate  1400  that houses the heating or cooling system  55 , including the insulative member  70  and one or more electrical energy storage devices  80  (e.g., batteries). In the illustrated embodiment, the bottom portion  40 ′ can be removably coupled to the bottom of the plate  1400  with one or more fasteners  46 ′ (e.g., screws, bolts, pins, or other suitable fasteners). In one embodiment, the one or more fasteners  46 ′ can extend through the bottom portion  40 ′ and couple to a coupling member  56 ′ (e.g., female threaded portion, grommet) in the body  1410  of the plate  1400 . The bottom portion  40 ′ can couple to the body  1410  of the plate  1400  so as to substantially seal the bottom of the plate  1300  in a water tight manner, as discussed above. 
     Though the removable feature disclosed above may be described in connection with a plate  1400 , one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 , mug  400  or travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Liquid Container (e.g., Baby Bottle) 
       FIGS.  31 - 32    show another embodiment of a liquid container  1500 . In the illustrated embodiment, the liquid container  1500  is a baby bottle. The liquid container  1500  is similar to the mug  400  and travel mug  600  described above and includes the same components (with the same numerical identifiers) and features disclosed for the mug  400  and travel mug  600  described above, except as noted below. 
     The baby bottle  1500  can have a body  1510  that defines a liquid holding chamber  1518  therein and a bottom surface  1520 . The baby bottle  1500  can have a heating or cooling system  1555 , similar to the heating or cooling system  455 ,  655  described above, and have a heating or cooling element  1560 , an insulative member  1570 , one or more electrical energy storage devices  1580  and an electronic module  1590 , which can include a wireless power receiver  1592 , a control circuitry  1594  and a charging circuit  1596 . The heating or cooling system  1555  can function in the same way as described above for the heating or cooling system  55 ,  155 ,  655 . In another embodiment, the baby bottle  1500  can have one or more electrical contacts (e.g., electrical contacts on a surface of the baby bottle  1500 ) that can contact electrical contacts on a charging station for providing electrical power to one or more components in the baby bottle  1500  (e.g., to the one or more energy storage devices  1580  to charge them, to the heating or cooling element  1560 , etc.). 
     The heating or cooling system  1555  can be housed in a chamber or cavity  1550  in the body  1510  of the baby bottle  1500 , where in one embodiment at least a portion of the heating or cooling system  1555  (e.g., the one or more electrical energy storage devices  1580 , such as batteries) can be accessed via a removable bottom portion  1540  (or base) that can removably couple to a bottom of the baby bottle  1500 . The bottom portion  1540  can couple to the body  1510  of the baby bottle  1500  so as to substantially seal the bottom of the baby bottle  1500  in a water tight manner, as discussed above. In another embodiment, the bottom portion of the baby bottle  1500  can be excluded or it can be sealed to the body  1510  of the baby bottle  1500  so that the electronics, power storage devices  1580  or heating or cooling system  1555  are sealed within the body  1510  and not accessible. 
       FIG.  32 A  shows another embodiment of a baby bottle  1500 ′, which is similar to the baby bottle  1500 , except as described below. The baby bottle  1500 ′ can have a liquid holding chamber  1518 ′ defined at least in part by a circumferential wall  1519 . The baby bottle  1500 ′ can have one or more heating or cooling elements  1560 ′ (e.g., one or more thermoelectric elements) in thermal communication with the wall  1519  at least along a portion of the length of the wall  1519 . The one or more heating or cooling elements  1560 ′ can be operated based at least in part on sensed liquid level, as discussed herein. In another embodiment, only one heating or cooling element can be used along a sidewall of the baby bottle and can be used to induce circulation of the liquid, as described in other embodiments above. In another embodiment, one or more heating or cooling elements can be thermally attached to a thermally conductive wall or walls of the liquid holding chamber similar to the embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  34 I , advantageously inducing a circulation of the liquid within the liquid holding chamber. The baby bottle  1500 ′ can have one or more power storage devices  1580 , as described above, that can provide power to the one or more heating or cooling elements  1560 ′. Though not shown, the baby bottle  1500 ′ can also have an electronic module, which can include a wireless power receiver, control circuitry and/or a charging circuit. 
     In one embodiment, the baby bottle  1500 ,  1500 ′ can have a heating or cooling system  1555  and can be operated (e.g., by an electronic module once the system is actuated by the user) to heat the milk inside the baby bottle  1500  to a lukewarm temperature (e.g., 97 deg. F. to 100 deg. F.). In one embodiment, the baby bottle  1500 ,  1500 ′ filled with milk or formula can be stored in a separate cooler (e.g., travel cooler, refrigerator) by the user to keep the milk or formula cold. 
     Once ready for use, the user can turn on the heating system (e.g., manually via an actuation button, wirelessly via their mobile phone or tablet) and the one or more heating or cooling elements  1560 ,  1560 ′ of the heating or cooling system  1555  can be activated to heat the liquid (e.g., milk, formula) inside the baby bottle  1500 ,  1500 ′. The electronic module  1590  can control the heating process (e.g., based on sensed temperature information of the liquid in the baby bottle) to control the amount of heat, and/or the rate of heat, delivered by the one or more heating or cooling elements  1560 ,  1560 ′ to achieve the desired temperature or temperature range (e.g., lukewarm temperature). In another embodiment, the cooler (e.g., travel cooler) can be excluded. The heating or cooling system  1555  can be activated to operate in cooling mode to keep the liquid (e.g., milk, formula) in the baby bottle  1500 ,  1500 ′ cool (e.g., at a temperature of between about 35 deg. F. and about 45 deg. F.). Once ready for use, the user can actuate the heating or cooling system  1555  (e.g., manually by pushing a button, wirelessly via a mobile phone or tablet, or by removing the baby bottle from its charging base, etc.) to operate in heating mode so that the one or more heating or cooling elements  1560 ,  1560 ′ are activated to heat the liquid (e.g., milk, formula) inside the baby bottle  1500 ,  1500 ′. Again, the electronic module  1590  or control circuitry can control the heating process (e.g., based on sensed temperature information of the liquid in the baby bottle) to control the amount of heat, and/or the rate of heat, delivered by the one or more heating or cooling elements  1560 ,  1560 ′ to achieve the desired temperature or temperature range (e.g., lukewarm temperature). Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with a liquid container or baby bottle  1500 , one of skill in the art will recognize that it can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , mug  400  or travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , beer mug  1600 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. Additionally, one of skill in the art will recognize that the liquid container  1500  or baby bottle can incorporate any of the features or components disclosed in this application (e.g., the features or components disclosed in embodiments above in connection with a plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , or mug  400  or travel mug  600 ,  600 ′,  600 ″). 
     Travel Mug 
     In another embodiment, a travel mug, such as the travel mug  600 ,  600 ′,  600 ″, cup, mug, water bottle or liquid container can only have one or more temperature sensors (such as the sensor  820 A- 820 D,  920 ) for sensing the temperature of the liquid in the travel mug, mug, cup, water bottle or liquid container (e.g., sensing the temperature at the bottom or on a side surface of the inner chamber of the travel mug, mug, cup, liquid container). In this embodiment, the one or more temperature sensors can communicate the sensed temperature information to a visual indicator (e.g., digital display, one or more lights, such as LED lights, glowing icon, including the indicator types disclosed above) on a surface of the travel mug, mug, cup, liquid container viewable by the user to communicate the temperature information to the user. In this embodiment, the travel mug, mug, cup, water bottle or liquid container can exclude the heating or cooling system and can only have the one or more temperature sensors and one or more visual indicators. 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with a travel mug, mug, cup, water bottle or liquid container (such as the mug  400 , and travel mug  600 ), one of skill in the art will recognize that this embodiment can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , travel mug  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 , beer mug  1600 , baby bottle  1500 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Cooling Mechanism 
     In another embodiment, the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container can have one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., heater coil), as discussed in one or more embodiments above, and can have a heat sink  2500  (see  FIG.  45   ) operably thermally coupleable to a side wall SW of the liquid receiving portion to thereby transfer heat from the liquid in the liquid receiving portion to the heat sink  2500 . In one embodiment, a portion of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container that is the heat sink or includes the heat sink  2500  can be moved (e.g., rotated, slid, etc.) into thermal contact with a heat port  2510  (e.g., metal slab, aluminum slab) operably connected to at least a portion of the side wall SW of the liquid receiving portion so that heat from the liquid in the liquid receiving portion is transferred to the heat sink  2500  via the heat port  2510 . Said heat is dissipated from the heat sink  2500  (e.g., via radiation, convection). When the heat sink  2500  is moved out of thermal contact with the heat port  2510  (e.g., by rotating or sliding the heat sink  2500  relative to the heat port  2510 ), heat transfer from the liquid in the liquid receiving portion to the heat sink  2500  is inhibited (e.g., prevented). In another embodiment, the heating or cooling element can be excluded from the assembly. In one embodiment, the heat sink  2500  can be moved (e.g., rotated, slid) into and out of contact with the heat port  2510  manually by the user. In another embodiment, the heat sink  2500  can be moved into and out of thermal contact with the heat port  2510  via an electric motor (e.g., servo motor, linear actuator) or an electromagnet assembly. In one embodiment, the motor or electromagnet is operated via a controller (e.g., electronic module, such as electronic module EM). In another embodiment, the motor can be operated by the user (e.g., via an actuation button actuated by the user to operate the motor). In one embodiment, the heat sink  2500  can be mechanical and include one or more fins  2502  for dissipating heat. In another embodiment, the heat sink  2500  can include a chamber filled with mineral oil, where heat is transferred to the mineral oil when the heat sink  2500  is moved so that the heat port  2510  is in contact with at least a portion of the chamber. In one embodiment, the heat sink  2500  need not be a traditional heat sink with cooling fins  2502 , but can be a portion of the outer body of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container, or a flat or curved surface or any other heat dissipating member (e.g. aluminum, copper, thermal plastic, etc.). 
     In another embodiment, the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container can have one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., heater coil), as discussed in one or more embodiments above, and can have a lid (e.g. removable lid)  2520  that can be moved (e.g., rotated, slid, etc.) to uncover one or more openings  2530  so that heat from the liquid in the liquid receiving portion is vented through said one or more openings  2530 , thereby cooling the liquid volume (see  FIG.  46   ). Said heat is dissipated from the liquid via convection heat transfer. When the lid  2520  is moved (e.g., rotated, slid, etc.) to cover or close said one or more openings  2530 , dissipation of heat from the liquid in the liquid receiving portion through said openings  2530  is inhibited (e.g., prevented). 
     In one embodiment, the lid  2520  can be moved (e.g., rotated, slid, etc.) manually by the user to allow and disallow said heat dissipation. In another embodiment, the lid  2520  can be moved (e.g., rotated, slide, etc.) to allow and disallow said heat dissipation via an electric motor (e.g., servo motor, linear actuator) or an electromagnet. In one embodiment, the motor or electromagnet is operated via a controller (e.g., electronic module, such as electronic module EM). In another embodiment, the motor or electromagnet can be operated by the user (e.g., via an actuation button actuated by the user to operate the motor). 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with a travel mug, mug, cup, water bottle or liquid container (such as the mug  400 , and travel mug  600 ), one of skill in the art will recognize that this embodiment can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Molecular Sensor 
     In one embodiment, the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container can include one or more molecular sensors to analyze the chemical makeup of the liquid therein (e.g., coffee, tea). Said one or more molecular sensors can communicate the sensed information to the controller (e.g., electronic module EM) and/or can communicate the sensed information to a visual display of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container. The molecular sensor can communicate information about the make-up of the contents in the receiving portion (e.g., nutritional facts, caffeine content, calories, etc.), or can tell the user when a tea bag is done being steeped, or can tell the user the caffeine content or sugar content or calories of a beverage. The controller (e.g., electronic module EM) can have a memory module (e.g., non-volatile memory) that collects the sensed information and can communicate such information to the user (e.g., in desired intervals, such as every week, every month), such as, for example, how much caffeine the user has consumed (e.g., in a week, in a month, etc.). 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with a travel mug, mug, cup, water bottle or liquid container (such as the mug  400 , and travel mug  600 ), one of skill in the art will recognize that this embodiment can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. for sensing the chemical makeup of food placed thereon and communicating the sensed information with a controller (e.g., electronic module EM) and/or visual display, and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Lid Mechanism 
     As discussed above, in one embodiment, the travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottle or liquid container can have a lid (e.g. removable lid)  2600  (see  FIG.  47   ). In one embodiment, the lid  2600  can have a cover that covers the drinking spout and the cover can open between a closed position (covering the drinking spout) and an open position (exposing the drinking spout). The lid  2600  can have a magnetic coupling mechanism  2610  for releasing the cover from the closed position. In one embodiment, the magnetic coupling mechanism  2610  can be manually actuated by the user (e.g., by pushing a button  2620 ) to release the cover from the closed position by moving (e.g. sliding, rotating, twisting) a magnet  2612  relative to a magnet  2614  in the cover to reverse the polarity of the magnets  2612 ,  2614  from an attractive force to a repelling force. In one embodiment, the cover is spring loaded and can move from a closed position to an open position via the spring force. In this embodiment, when the magnetic coupling is deactivated by the user, the cover will automatically move from a closed position to an open position. In another embodiment this can be reversed, so that the spring force activates the cover from an open position to a closed position. In this embodiment, when the magnetic coupling is deactivated by the user, the cover will automatically close. In other embodiments, the cover can slide open or hinge open or twist open or rotate open, and the cover can have a spring force causing the cover to move from a closed position to an open position. In this embodiment, two or more magnets  2612 ,  2614  can be used to secure the cover in the closed position (e.g., one or more magnets are located in the cover and one or more magnets are located in the lid or in the body of the travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , water bottle or liquid container). In this embodiment, one of the one or more magnets can be moved from a first position to a second position, decoupling the one or more magnets in the cover from the one or more magnets in the lid or the body. The movement of the one or more magnets from a first position to a second position can be accomplished using a user-actuated button  2620 , which can be on the cover or on the lid or on the body or can be actuated using a motor or an electromagnet. In the above embodiments, the “body” can refer to the body of the travel mug, water bottle or liquid container or can refer to the body of a removable cap or removable lid of the travel mug, water bottle or liquid container. All of the embodiments described in the above paragraph require at least one or more magnets within the cover and one or more magnets within the lid or the body. Alternatively, the magnetic coupling can be achieved using a magnet in one portion of the assembly and a magnetically attractive metal in another portion of the assembly. Magnets attract to ferrous metals such as iron, nickel, cobalt, certain steels and other alloys. In one embodiment, one or more magnetics can be in the cover and one or more pieces of magnetically attractive material (e.g. iron, nickel, cobalt, certain steels and other alloys) can be in the lid or the body. In another embodiment, this can be reversed and the one or more magnets can be in the lid or the body and one or more pieces of magnetically attractive material (e.g. iron, nickel, cobalt, certain steels and other alloys) can be in the cover. 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with a travel mug, water bottle or liquid container (such as the travel mug  600 ), one of skill in the art will recognize that this embodiment can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup, baby bottle and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc., and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Kinetic Electricity Generator 
     In one embodiment, the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container can have one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., heater coil), one or more power storage elements (e.g., batteries) that provide power to the one or more heating or cooling elements, as discussed in one or more embodiments above, and can have a kinetic electricity generator  2700  for charging the one or more power storage elements during use of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container. In one embodiment, the kinetic electricity generator  2700  can be housed in or on the body of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container. As the user moves the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container (e.g., tilting it to consume a beverage, vibrations transferred from the user to the container while carrying it), the kinetic electricity generator  2700  generates electricity and directs the electricity to the one or more power storage elements to charge them. 
     In one embodiment, the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container can exclude a heating or cooling system and can have one or more liquid quality sensors, one or more power storage elements, a visual display (e.g. display screen, indicator lights, glowing icons, etc.) and can have a kinetic electricity generator  2700  for charging the one or more power storage elements during use of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container. The energy from the one or more power storage elements PS can be used to power the liquid quality sensor system. In one embodiment, the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container can exclude a heating or cooling system and can have one or more liquid quality sensors, a visual display (e.g. display screen, indicator lights, glowing icons, etc.) and can have a kinetic electricity generator for powering the liquid quality sensing circuit of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container. In one embodiment, the kinetic electricity generator can be housed in or on the body of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container. As the user moves the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container (e.g., tilting it to consume a beverage, vibrations transferred from the user to the container while carrying it), the kinetic electricity generator generates electricity and directs the electricity to the one or more power storage elements to charge them. In one embodiment, the kinetic electricity generator can be a piezoelectric generator and can be activated by vibrations or movements or a user-actuated push button or lever, etc. In another embodiment the kinetic electricity generator can be an electromagnetic induction generator. In one embodiment the kinetic electricity generator can generate electricity via vibrations and movement of the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container (e.g. vibrations caused from transporting the mug in a backpack or in a car (road vibrations), etc.). 
     As shown in  FIG.  48   , in one embodiment the kinetic electricity generator can include a magnet  2710  that travels relative to a coiled wire  2720  (e.g., the magnet travels within a space defined by the coiled wire  2720 ). As the user moves (e.g., tilts) the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container it generates electricity via electromagnetic induction. In one embodiment, the magnet  2710  moves relative to the coiled wire  2720 . In another embodiment, the coiled wire  2720  moves relative to the magnet  2710 . 
     In another embodiment, the cup, mug  400 , travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , baby bottle  1500 , beer mug  1600 , carafe, water bottle or liquid container (e.g., water bottle, baby bottle) can have one or more solar cells on at least a portion of its body to collect solar energy that can be used to supply power to the different components of the device. 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with a travel mug, mug, cup, water bottle or liquid container (such as the mug  400 , and travel mug  600 ), one of skill in the art will recognize that this embodiment can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Liquid Container Insert 
     In one embodiment, the travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , mug, water bottle or liquid container can include a removable insert for holding the liquid within the body of the travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , mug, water bottle or liquid container. In one embodiment, the insert  2800  can be disposable, as shown in  FIG.  49 A . In one embodiment, the insert  2800  can be made of paper or plastic (e.g., recyclable plastic). In another embodiment, the insert  2810  can be non-disposable (e.g., made of hard plastic or metal), as shown in  FIG.  49 B , and can be removably inserted into the receiving portion of the travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , mug, water bottle or liquid container to hold the liquid. In this manner, following use of the travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , mug, water bottle or liquid container, the user can remove the insert  2810  and wash only the insert  2810 , without having to also wash the travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , mug, water bottle or liquid container. Preferably, the insert  2810  can be made of a material that allows heat transfer therethrough, thereby allowing heat transfer to or from the one or more heating or cooling elements of the travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , mug, water bottle or liquid container to or from the liquid held in the insert. The insert  2810 , once placed in the receiving portion of the travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , mug, water bottle or liquid container can make a thermal connection with an inner surface of the body. In one embodiment, the insert  2810  can have a size and shape generally corresponding to the size and shape of the receiving portion of the travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , mug, water bottle or liquid container. In the embodiments described above, the travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , mug, water bottle or liquid container can have a sensor (e.g. magnetic coupling sensor, proximity sensor, ultrasound sensor, etc.) an can detect if the disposable or non-disposable insert has been inserted or is missing. In this embodiment certain features of the travel mug  600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , mug, water bottle or liquid container can be disabled or the power can be automatically shut off when the insert is not detected. In another embodiment, certain features can be enabled or the power can be turned on when the insert is detected. 
     Method of Remote Control Operation 
       FIG.  33    shows one embodiment of a method  1900  of operating the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, and liquid containers. In the illustrated embodiment, a remote control or mobile electronic device can be paired  1910  with one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, and liquid containers. The remote control or mobile electronic device can then receive one or more instructions from a user  1920  regarding the operation of the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, and liquid containers. The remote control or mobile electronic device can then transmit  1930  said one or more instructions to the paired one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, and liquid containers. The one or more instructions can then be performed  1940  by the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, and liquid containers. Additionally, the remote control or mobile electronic device can receive  1950  information from the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, and liquid containers (e.g., sensed food temperature, battery charge or level, current temperature setting, etc.). Optionally, an application can be loaded  1960  onto the remote control or mobile electronic device to allow the remote control or mobile electronic device to interface with the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 , cups, and liquid containers. 
       FIG.  44    shows a block diagram of a communication system for the devices described herein (e.g., the one or more plates  100 ,  1100 , bowls, serving dishes, mugs  400 , travel mugs  600 ,  1700 ,  2100 ,  2400 , cups, liquid containers such as beer mugs  1600  and baby bottles  1500 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc.). In the illustrated embodiment, the electronic module EM (such as the electronic module disclosed herein for the plates, cups, mugs, travel mugs, liquid containers, beer mugs, baby bottles, bread basket, tortilla warmer, etc.) can receive sensed information from one or more sensors S 1 -Sn (e.g., liquid level sensors, liquid volume sensors, temperature sensors, battery charge sensors, drink quality sensors, tilt sensors or gyroscopes). The electronic module EM can also receive information from and transmit information (e.g., instructions) to one or more heating or cooling elements HC (e.g., to operate each of the heating or cooling elements in a heating mode, in a cooling mode, turn off, turn on, vary power output of, etc.) and optionally to one or more power storage devices PS (e.g., batteries, such as to charge the batteries or manage the power provided by the batteries to the one or more heating or cooling elements). The electronic module EM can also communicate with a wireless power transmitter WPT (e.g., an inductive power transmitter). The electronic module EM can also communicate with (e.g., transmit information to and receive information, such as user instructions from, a user interface UI 1  on the unit (e.g., on the body of the plates, cups, mugs, travel mugs, liquid containers, beer mugs, baby bottles, bread basket, tortilla warmer, etc.). The electronic module EM can also communicate with an electronic device ED (e.g., a mobile electronic device such as a mobile phone, PDA, tablet computer, laptop computer, electronic watch; or a desktop computer) via the cloud CL or via a wireless communication system such as BLUETOOTH® BT. The electronic device ED can have a user interface UI 2 , that can display information associated with the operation of the actively heated/cooled drinkware, dishware, serverware, etc. (as disclosed herein), and that can receive information (e.g., instructions) from a user and communicate said information to the actively heated/cooled drinkware, dishware, serverware, etc. (as disclosed herein). 
     Drinkware Container 
     The various embodiments described below refer to a drinkware container. One of skill in the art will understand that the terms “drinkware container” broadly refer to any portable handheld container that can hold a liquid for consumption, and includes containers such as cups, mugs, travel mugs, beer mugs, baby bottles, carafes and other handheld portable liquid containers. 
       FIG.  50    shows a lengthwise cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a drinkware container  5000  (hereinafter “container  5000 ”). As only a cross-section is shown, the other half of the drinkware container  5000  is excluded in  FIG.  50    to illustrate the various components of the container  5000 . One of skill in the art will understand that the excluded portion of the drinkware container  5000  in  FIG.  50    is a mirror image of the portion of the drinkware container  5000  that is shown in  FIG.  50   . In the illustrated embodiment, the container  5000  is shown as a travel mug. However, as discussed above, the drinkware container  5000  can be other types of containers, such as a cup, mug, beer mug, baby bottle, carafe or other handheld portable liquid containers. 
     The container  5000  has an inner sidewall  5010  (e.g., a circumferential or cylindrical inner sidewall) and inner bottom wall  5012 , which together define a chamber  5015  that receives and holds a liquid therein. The container  5000  also has a second sidewall  5020  (e.g., a circumferential or cylindrical inner sidewall) that is spaced apart from the inner sidewall  5010  so as to define a chamber (e.g., an annular chamber)  5024  between the inner wall  5010  and the second wall  5020 . Optionally, the inner sidewall  5010  can be made of metal (e.g., stainless steel). However, in other embodiments, the inner sidewall  5010  can be made of other suitable materials. Optionally, the second sidewall  5020  can be made of the same material as the inner sidewall  5010  (e.g., both the inner sidewall  5010  and the second sidewall  5020  can be made of metal, such as stainless steel). In another embodiment, the second sidewall  5020  can be made of a different material than the inner sidewall  5010 ; for example, the inner sidewall  5010  can be made of metal, such as stainless steel, and the second sidewall  5020  can be made of a plastic material that insulates the outer portion of the container  5000  from the inner sidewall  5010  and the liquid contents of the chamber  5015 . Optionally, the inner sidewall  5010  and the second sidewall  5020  are part of a single piece (e.g., monolithic piece), so that the inner and second sidewall  5010 ,  5020  are fixed (e.g., not removable) relative to each other. 
     The chamber  5024  can be filled with a phase change material (PCM)  5025 . The PCM  5025  can be a solid-solid phase change material, or a solid-liquid phase change material. The PCM  5025  can be a wax (e.g., Paraffin wax). However, other suitable phase change materials (e.g., a metal) can be used. 
     The PCM  5025  can be selected to have a predetermined transition (e.g., melting) temperature that generally corresponds to a suitable drinking temperature for a heated liquid. In some embodiments, the predetermined transition temperature can optionally be between 135 degrees F. and 145 degrees F., such as optionally be 140 degrees F. In one embodiment, when the liquid (e.g., hot coffee, hot tea, soup) poured into the chamber  5015  of the container  5000  has a temperature above the predetermined transition temperature, the PCM  5025  can absorb heat from the liquid to cause the PCM  5025  to transition, for example, from a solid to a liquid, thereby decreasing the temperature of the liquid toward the said predetermined temperature. As the temperature of the liquid drops (e.g., via conduction of heat from the liquid through the inner sidewall  5010  to the PCM  5025 ), the operation of the container  5000  approaches a steady state of operation where the temperature of the liquid approaches the predetermined transition temperature, where it can remain for an extended period of time (e.g., for at least 1 hour, for at least 2 hours, for at least 3 hours, etc.). 
     The container  5000  can have an outer sidewall  5030  (e.g., a circumferential or cylindrical inner sidewall) that extends from a rim  5031  of the container  5000  to an outer bottom wall  5032 . The rim  5031  can optionally partially define a drinking lip  5031   a  of the container  5000 , e.g., along with an opening Lo in a lid L that can removably cover the proximal end of the container  5000 . Optionally, the outer sidewall  5030  and outer bottom wall  5032  can be a single piece (e.g., monolithic with no seams). However, in other embodiments, at least a portion of the outer sidewall  5030  can be separate from the bottom wall  5032 , as discussed further below. The outer sidewall  5030  can be disposed radially outward from the second sidewall  5020 . Optionally, the outer sidewall  5030  can be radially spaced apart from the second sidewall  5020  to define a chamber  5034  (e.g., an annular chamber) therebetween. In one embodiment, the chamber  5034  can provide an air gap between the second sidewall  5020  and outer sidewall  5030 , where said air gap can insulate the outer sidewall  5030  from the second sidewall  5020  and the inner sidewall  5010 . In other embodiments, the chamber  5034  can be filled with an insulative material (e.g., foam). In still another embodiment, the chamber  5034  can optionally be under vacuum. However, in other embodiments, the outer sidewall  5030  can be adjacent the second sidewall  5020  so that there is no gap therebetween. Optionally, the outer sidewall  5030  can be made of an insulative material (e.g., foam, plastic). 
     With continued reference to  FIG.  50   , the container  5000  can optionally have one or more heating elements  5040  disposed about (e.g., circumferentially about) at least a portion of the inner wall  5010  so that it is in direct thermal communication with liquid in the chamber  5015 . In the illustrated embodiment, the one or more heating elements  5040  are disposed about at least a portion of the inner wall  5010  at a location below the chamber  5024 . The one or more heating elements  5040  are optionally one or more resistive heaters. In one embodiment, the one or more heating elements  5040  can optionally be defined by a trace pattern screen printed onto the surface of the inner wall  5010 . A connecting lead line (not shown) can electrically connect the one or more heating elements  5040  to one or more power storage elements  5060  disposed in a bottom chamber  5050  and/or control circuitry  5080  disposed in the bottom chamber  5050 . For example, in one embodiment such a lead line can extend from the one or more heating elements  5040  downward along the inner bottom wall  5012  to the one or more power storage elements  5060  and/or control circuitry  5080 . In one embodiment, the one or more heating elements  5040  can optionally be a thermoelectric element. Though the discussion in this paragraph refers to one or more heating elements  5040 , one of skill in the art will recognize that this can also apply to one or more cooling elements or one or more heating and cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric elements), and that this disclosure is meant to apply to all these options for the container  5000 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the outer sidewall  5030  and outer bottom wall  5032  are optionally a single piece (e.g. monolithic with no seams), such that the one or more power storage elements  5060  (e.g., batteries, capacitors) and control circuitry  5080  are permanently housed in the chamber  5050 . In another embodiment, the outer bottom wall  5032  is removable relative to the outer sidewall  5030  to allow access to the chamber  5050  (e.g., to replace the power storage elements  5060 , perform maintenance on the electronics, etc.). In another embodiment, at least a portion of the outer sidewall  5030  can be separate from the outer bottom wall  5032  (and/or at least another portion of the outer sidewall  5030 ) so that the one or more power storage elements  5060  and control circuitry  5080  are housed in a module that can be removably coupled to the rest of the container  5000 . For example, said module can be coupled to a bottom plate  5036  via a threaded connection, key-slot connection, magnetic connection, or other suitable connection. In such an embodiment, the lead line from the heating element  5040  can terminate at the bottom plate  5036  and establishes an electrical connection with a separate lead line in said module when the module is coupled to the container  5000 . In still another embodiment, the outer bottom wall  5032  can be removably attached to the container  5000  and can be removed to access the control circuitry  5080  and/or one or more power storage elements  5060  for maintenance, testing and/or replacement. In some embodiments, the bottom wall  5032  can have one or more electrical contacts on an outer surface thereof that contacts a corresponding electrical contact on a charging base (See e.g., charging base  7400  in  FIG.  73   , described below), through which the one or more power storage elements  5060  can be charged when the container  5000  is disposed on the charging base. Said one or more electrical contacts on the bottom wall  5032  can be circular (similar to the electrical contact  7398  shown in  FIG.  76 A  and discussed further below). 
     The control circuitry  5080  can optionally control the charging of the one or more power storage elements (e.g., the control circuitry  5080  can include a charging circuit) can control delivery of power to the heating element  5040 . In one embodiment, the control circuitry  5080  can control delivery of power to the heating element  5040  to maintain the liquid in the chamber  5015  at the predetermined temperature. In another embodiment, the control circuitry  5080  can control delivery of power to the heating element  5040  to input heat to the liquid to increase the temperature of the liquid to a user selected temperature. Said user selected temperature can optionally be provided via a user interface on the body of the container  5000 . In another embodiment, the user selected temperature can be provided wirelessly to the control circuitry (which can have a receiver) from a portable electronic device (e.g., smart phone or tablet computer), e.g., so that there are no buttons or other controls on the container  5000  that the user manually actuates. In still another embodiment, the temperature can be preselected or preset (e.g., during manufacture). Optionally, the control circuitry  5080  can control delivery of power to the heating element  5040  based at least in part on information from one or more sensors that sense a parameter of quality of the liquid (e.g., temperature, liquid volume or level, acidity, pH) where said one or more sensors can be on a surface of one or both of the inner sidewall  5010  and inner bottom wall  5012 . Said sensors can be any of the sensors disclosed herein and can communicate with the control circuitry  5080  in any manner disclosed herein. 
     During operation, a user can pour a hot liquid into the chamber  5015 . If the temperature of the liquid is above the transition temperature of the PCM  5025 , heat can be transferred from the liquid to the PCM  5025  to drop the temperature of the liquid in the chamber  5015  until an equilibrium is achieved. The control circuitry  5080  can then operate (e.g., based on the information provided by the sensors) to supply power to the one or more heating elements  5040  to either maintain the temperature of the liquid in the chamber  5015  relatively steady (or within a desired temperature range) for an extended period of time, or to increase the temperature of the liquid in the chamber  5015 . 
     With continued reference to  FIG.  50   , the outer sidewall  5030  of the container  5000  can include a lower portion  5038  with a smaller diameter than an upper portion of the outer sidewall  5030  so as to define a stepped portion in a lower portion of the container  5000 . The container  5000  can optionally also include a movable sidewall  5039  disposed about the lower portion  5038 . In the illustrated embodiment, the movable sidewall  5039  can rotate relative to the lower portion  5038  (e.g., about the axis of the container  5000 ), e.g. via a bearing. In one embodiment, the movable sidewall  5039  can have substantially the same diameter as the outer sidewall  5030  at a location above the lower portion  5038 , so that the movable sidewall  5039  is substantially aligned with the outer sidewall  5030  at said location above the lower portion  5038 . In one embodiment, the movable sidewall  5039  can be in operative communication with one or more sensors that can sense the rotation of the movable sidewall  5039  with respect to at least a portion of the outer sidewall  5030  (e.g., with respect to at least a portion of the lower portion  5038 ). In one embodiment, at least one of said one or more sensors can be an optical sensor. In another embodiment, at least one of said one or more sensors can be a Hall effect sensor. However, other suitable sensors for sensing the movement of the movable sidewall  5039  can be used (e.g., capacitance sensor). 
     Said one or more sensors can communicate the sensed rotation of the movable sidewall  5039  to the control circuitry  5080 , which can control the operation of the one or more heating elements  5040  based at least in part on said sensed rotation. In one embodiment, the control circuitry  5080  can, via an algorithm stored in a memory of the control circuitry  5080 , associate an incremental rotation of the movable sidewall  5039  with an incremental change in a user selected temperature (as discussed above), and can operate the one or more heating elements  5040  so that the liquid in the chamber  5015  approaches said user selected temperature. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the movable sidewall  5039  can be used to change a temperature set point for the container  5000  to which the liquid in the chamber  5015  is to be heated. 
     With continued reference to  FIG.  50   , in one embodiment the container  5000  can optionally have one or more capacitance touch sensors (not shown) on the outer sidewall  5030 , which the user can actuate to control the operation of the container  5000 . Said capacitance touch sensors can be similar to the soft touch sensors discussed above. The capacitance touch sensors can communicate with the control circuitry  5080  (e.g., via a lead line that extends between the one or more sensors and the control circuitry  5080 ). For example, the user can touch the capacitance touch sensor to unlock or wake up the control circuitry  5080 , allowing an adjustment in the user selected temperature (as discussed above) by rotating the movable sidewall  5039 . After a period of time (which can be a set period of time saved in a memory of the control circuitry  5080 ), the control circuitry  5080  can lock out the control of the container  5000  such that further rotation of the movable sidewall  5039  will not adjust the user selected temperature. If the user wishes to again adjust the user selected temperature, they can again contact the capacitance touch sensor to again unlock the control of the container  5000 , and thereby adjust the user selected temperature via the rotation of the movable sidewall  5039 . 
     In one embodiment, the one or more capacitance touch sensors can be used to turn one and off the electronics of the container  5000 . For example, in embodiments where there is only one capacitance touch sensor, the user can press the sensor for an X amount of time (e.g., 2 seconds, 3 seconds, 5 seconds) to turn the electronics (e.g., control circuitry  5080 ) on if it was previously off, or to turn the electronics off if they were previously on. 
     In one embodiment, the container  5000  can optionally include a visual indication screen (similar to visual indication screen  7395  in  FIG.  75 A , described below) on the outer sidewall  5030 , which can communicate with the control circuitry  5080  and can display information associated with the operation of the container  5000 . For example, the visual indication screen can indicate when the control circuitry is in operation (e.g., “ON”). In another example, the visual indication screen can indicate the user selected temperature, e.g., as the user rotates the movable sidewall  5039  to adjust the user selected temperature, as discussed above. In still another embodiment, the visual indication screen can display information (e.g., the user&#39;s name) communicated to the control circuitry  5080  from a mobile electronic device (e.g., via BLUETOOTH® or other wireless communication method) of via the internet from a remote computer, or display other operational information (e.g., liquid level in container  5000 , such as “HALF FULL”, “QUARTER FULL”, battery charge level or operating time left before battery needs charging). 
     As shown in  FIG.  50 A , in one embodiment, the container  5000 ′ can include one or more sensors  5016  that can sense information indicative of a liquid level in the chamber  5015 . Such sensors can be any of the types of sensors disclosed herein (e.g., capacitance sensors, ultrasound sensors, temperature sensors). In one embodiment, the one or more sensors  5016  can be a plurality of sensors  5016  that are in contact with the inner sidewall  5010  along a length (e.g., the entire length, ¾ of the length, etc.) of the inner sidewall  5010  and communicate the sensed temperature information to the control circuitry  5080  (e.g., via one or more lead lines between the sensors  5016  and the control circuitry  5080 ). For example, the plurality of sensors  5016  can be mounted to a flex strip attached to (e.g., adhered to, such as with a thermally conductive adhesive) the inner sidewall  5010 . In one embodiment, as shown in  FIG.  50 A , the plurality of sensors  5016  are on the outer surface of the inner sidewall  5010  so as not to be within the chamber  5015 . In the illustrated embodiment, the strip of sensors  5016  are positioned against the outer surface of the inner sidewall  5010  at a recessed location  5017  where the second sidewall  5020  and PCM  5025  are not present; as shown in  FIG.  50 A , the second sidewall  5020  contacts the inner sidewall  5010  on either side of said recess  5017  in which the strip of sensors  5016  is placed. In one embodiment, the plurality of sensors  5016  can be Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistors. 
     In one embodiment, the control circuitry  5080  can determine (e.g., based on one or more algorithms stored in a memory thereof) the liquid level in the chamber  5015  based at least in part on the sensed information (e.g., sensed temperature or information indicative of temperature) communicated from the plurality of sensors  5016 . In one embodiment, the control circuitry  5080  can, based on the information sensed by the plurality of sensors  5016 , determine the differential in temperature between any two adjacent sensors. Where such differential exceeds a certain amount (e.g., 5 degrees F., 10 degrees F., 15 degrees F.) and/or indicates a temperature higher than ambient by a certain amount, the control circuitry  5080  can determine that the liquid level in the chamber  5015  is between said two sensors of the plurality of sensors  5016  that exhibit this temperature differential, and can indicate the location of liquid level (e.g., based on the arrangement of the plurality of sensors  5016  vertically along the inner sidewall  5010 ), such as by communicating information associated with the determined liquid level (e.g., to a visual indication screen on the container  5000 , to a mobile electronic device associated with the container  5000 , etc.). Said information associated with the determined liquid level that is communicated to the user can be in the form of a quantitative value provided to the user (e.g., level at 6/10, 5/10, 1/10) or qualitative level (e.g., “half full”, “quarter full”, etc.). In another embodiment, said information associated with the determined liquid level can be communicated via a visual graphic to the user (e.g., a chamber shown half full, a quarter full, etc.) without any text or numerical indication of the level. 
     In one embodiment, the plurality of sensors  5016  are not calibrated and the control circuitry  5080  uses the relative change in sensed temperature (or relative change in sensed information indicative of temperature) from the plurality of sensors  5016  to determine the liquid level in the chamber  5015 . In another embodiment, the plurality of sensors  5016  can be calibrated when the chamber  5015  has been filled entirely and the temperature of the liquid in the chamber  5015  has stabilized to increase the accuracy of the sensors  5016 . For example, such sensors  5016  with increased accuracy can be used to indicate not only the liquid level in the chamber  5015 , but also the level of another substance (e.g., foam) on top of the liquid in the chamber  5015 . 
     As discussed previously, in one embodiment the sensed liquid level, such as the level determined based on information from the plurality of sensors  5016 , can be combined with a sensed tilting of the container  5000  (e.g., via a gyroscope). Therefore, when the tilt sensors senses that the container  5000  has been titled by more than a predetermined amount from vertical (e.g., more than 25 degrees from vertical, etc.), the control circuitry  5080  can turn off power to the one or more heating (or cooling) elements  5040 , and can cease control based on information provided from the sensors, until the sensed orientation of the container  5000  is less than the predetermined amount (e.g., less than 25 degrees from vertical, etc.). 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  5000 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5100 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIG.  51    shows a lengthwise cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a drinkware container  5100  (hereinafter “container”). As only a cross-section is shown, the other half of the drinkware container  5100  is excluded in  FIG.  51    to illustrate the various components of the container  5100 . One of skill in the art will understand that the excluded portion of the drinkware container  5100  in  FIG.  51    is a mirror image of the portion of the drinkware container  5100  that is shown in  FIG.  51   . In the illustrated embodiment, the container  5100  is shown as a travel mug. However, as discussed above, the drinkware container  5100  can be other types of containers, such as a cup, mug, beer mug, baby bottle, carafe or other handheld portable liquid containers. 
     The container  5100  has an inner sidewall  5110  (e.g., a circumferential or cylindrical inner sidewall) and inner bottom wall  5112 , which together define a chamber  5115  that receives and holds a liquid therein. The container  5100  also has a second sidewall  5120  (e.g., a circumferential or cylindrical inner sidewall) and second bottom wall  5122  that are spaced apart from the inner sidewall  5110  and inner bottom wall  5112 , respectively, so as to define a chamber (e.g., an annular chamber)  5124  between the inner walls  5110 ,  5112  and the second walls  5120 ,  5122 . Optionally, the inner sidewall  5110  can be made of metal (e.g., stainless steel). However, in other embodiments, the inner sidewall  5110  can be made of other suitable materials. Optionally, the second sidewall  5120  can be made of the same material as the inner sidewall  5110  (e.g., both the inner sidewall  5110  and the second sidewall  5120  can be made of metal, such as stainless steel). In another embodiment, the second sidewall  5120  can be made of a different material than the inner sidewall  5110 ; for example, the inner sidewall  5110  can be made of metal, such as stainless steel, and the second sidewall  5120  can be made of a plastic material that insulates the outer portion of the container  5100  from the inner sidewall  5110  and the liquid contents of the chamber  5115 . 
     The chamber  5124  can be filled with a phase change material (PCM)  5125 . The PCM  5125  can be a solid-solid phase change material, or a solid-liquid phase change material. The PCM  5125  can be a wax (e.g., Paraffin wax). However, other suitable phase change materials (e.g., a metal) can be used). In the illustrated embodiment the PCM  5125  between the sidewalls  5110 ,  5120  is the same as the PCM  5125  between the bottom walls  5112 ,  5122 . However, in other embodiments, the PCM  5125  between the sidewalls  5110 ,  5120  can be different than the PCM  5125  between the bottom walls  5112 ,  5122 . 
     The PCM  5125  can be selected to have a predetermined transition (e.g., melting) temperature that generally corresponds to a suitable drinking temperature for a heated liquid. In some embodiments, the predetermined transition temperature can optionally be between 135 degrees F. and 145 degrees F., such as optionally be 140 degrees F. In one embodiment, when the liquid (e.g., hot coffee, hot tea, soup) poured into the chamber  5115  of the container  5100  has a temperature above the predetermined transition temperature, the PCM  5125  can absorb heat from the liquid to cause the PCM  5125  to transition, for example, from a solid to a liquid, thereby decreasing the temperature of the liquid toward the said predetermined temperature. As the temperature of the liquid drops (e.g., via conduction of heat from the liquid through the inner sidewall  5110  to the PCM  5125 ), the operation of the container  5100  approaches a steady state of operation where the temperature of the liquid approaches the predetermined transition temperature, where it can remain for an extended period of time (e.g., for at least 1 hour, for at least 2 hours, for at least 3 hours, etc.). 
     The container  5100  can have an outer sidewall  5130  (e.g., a circumferential or cylindrical inner sidewall) that extends from a rim  5131  of the container  5100  to an outer bottom wall  5132 . The rim  5131  can optionally define a drinking lip of the container  5100 . Optionally, the outer sidewall  5130  and outer bottom wall  5132  can be a single piece (e.g., monolithic with no seams). However, in other embodiments, at least a portion of the outer sidewall  5130  can be separate from the bottom wall  5132 , as discussed further below. The outer sidewall  5130  can be disposed radially outward from the second sidewall  5120 . Optionally, the outer sidewall  5130  can be radially spaced apart from the second sidewall  5120  to define a chamber  5134  (e.g., an annular chamber) therebetween. In one embodiment, the chamber  5134  can provide an air gap between the second sidewall  5120  and outer sidewall  5130 , where said air gap can insulate the outer sidewall  5130  from the second sidewall  5120  and the inner sidewall  5110 . However, in other embodiments, the outer sidewall  5130  can be adjacent the second sidewall  5120  so that there is no gap therebetween. Optionally, the outer sidewall  5130  can be made of an insulative material (e.g., foam, plastic). 
     With continued reference to  FIG.  51   , the container  5100  can have a heating element  5140  disposed above (e.g., on) the inner bottom wall  5112  and covers at least a portion of the inner bottom wall  5112  so that it is in direct thermal communication with liquid in the chamber  5115 . In the illustrated embodiment, the heating element  5140  covers substantially the entire bottom inner wall  5112 . The heating element  5140  is optionally a resistive heater. In one embodiment, the heating element  5140  can be defined by a trace pattern screen printed onto the surface of the inner bottom wall  5112 . A connecting lead line (not shown) can electrically connects the heating element  5140  to one or more power storage elements  5160  disposed in a first bottom chamber  5150  and/or control circuitry  5180  disposed in a second bottom chamber  5170 . For example, in one embodiment such a lead line can extend from the heating element  5140  upward along the inner sidewall  5110 , downward along the second sidewall  5120  and then optionally cross through a dividing wall  5136  that separates the one or more power storage elements  5160  from the second bottom wall  5122 . The lead line can optionally extend through a second dividing wall  5138  that separates the one or more power storage elements  5160  from the control circuitry  5180 . In another embodiment, said lead line can extend from the heating element  5140 , through a conduit (not shown) between the inner bottom wall  5112  and second bottom wall  5122 , and optionally pass through the bottom wall  5136  and/or second bottom wall  5138  to electrically connect the heating element with the one or more power storage elements and/or control circuitry  5180 . Though the discussion in this paragraph refers to one or more heating elements  5140 , one of skill in the art will recognize that this can also apply to one or more cooling elements or one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric elements), and that this disclosure is meant to apply to all these options for the container  5100 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the outer sidewall  5130  and outer bottom wall  5132  are optionally a single piece (e.g. monolithic with no seams), such that the one or more power storage elements  5160  (e.g., batteries, capacitors) and control circuitry  5180  are permanently housed in the chambers  5150 ,  5170 . In another embodiment, at least a portion of the outer sidewall  5130  can be separate from the outer bottom wall  5132  (and/or at least another portion of the outer sidewall  5130 ) so that the one or more power storage elements  5160  and control circuitry  5180  are housed in a module that can be removably coupled to the rest of the container  5100 . For example, said module can be coupled to the bottom plate  5136  via a threaded connection, key-slot connection, or other suitable connection. In such an embodiment, the lead line from the heating element  5140  can terminate at the bottom plate  5136  and establishes an electrical connection with a separate lead line in said module when the module is coupled to the container  5100 . In still another embodiment, the outer bottom wall  5132  can be removably attached to the container  5100  and can be removed to access the control circuitry  5180  and/or one or more power storage elements  5160  for maintenance, testing and/or replacement. 
     The control circuitry  5180  can control the charging of the one or more power storage elements (e.g., the control circuitry  5180  can include a charging circuit) can control delivery of power to the heating element  5140 . In one embodiment, the control circuitry  5180  can control delivery of power to the heating element  5140  to maintain the liquid in the chamber  5115  at the predetermined temperature. In another embodiment, the control circuitry  5180  can control delivery of power to the heating element  5140  to input heat to the liquid to increase the temperature of the liquid to a user selected temperature. Said user selected temperature can optionally be provided via a user interface on the body of the container  5100 . In another embodiment, the user selected temperature can be provided wirelessly to the control circuitry (which can have a receiver) from a portable electronic device (e.g., smart phone or tablet computer). Optionally, the control circuitry  5180  can control delivery of power to the heating element  5140  based at least in part on information from one or more sensors that sense a parameter of quality of the liquid (e.g., temperature, volume, acidity, pH) where said one or more sensors can be on a surface of one or both of the inner sidewall  5110  and inner bottom wall  5112 . 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  5100 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 ,  5200 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIG.  52    illustrates a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a drinkware container  5200  (hereinafter “container  5200 ”). The container  5200  is similar to the container  5100  shown in  FIG.  51   , except as noted below. Thus, the reference numerals used to designate the various components of the container  5200  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  5100  in  FIG.  51   , except that the reference numerals of the container  5200  begin with “52” instead of “51”. Therefore the description for the various components of the container  5100  shown in  FIG.  51    are understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  5200  in  FIG.  52   , except as described below. 
     As only a cross-section is shown, the other half of the drinkware container  5200  is excluded in  FIG.  52    to illustrate the various components of the container  5200 . One of skill in the art will understand that the excluded portion of the drinkware container  5200  in  FIG.  52    is a mirror image of the portion of the drinkware container  5200  that is shown in  FIG.  52   . 
     As shown in  FIG.  52   , the heating element  5240  can be in thermal communication with (e.g., in contact with or disposed against) a portion of the inner sidewall  5210  of the container  5200  (e.g., a portion of the circumference of the inner sidewall  5210 , such as one defined by an arc length less than the circumference of the inner sidewall  5210 ), such as in a side portion of the chamber  5224 . Though the illustrated embodiment shows the heating element  5240  axially disposed proximate the inner bottom wall  5212 , in other embodiments, the heating element  5240  can be disposed at other locations along the inner sidewall  5210  (e.g., midway between the inner bottom wall  5212  and the rim  5231 , proximate the rim  5231 , etc.). The PCM  5225  can be disposed in the chamber  5224  above and below the heating element  5240 . A lead line (not shown) can extend from the heating element  5240  (e.g., from a portion of the second sidewall  5220  in thermal and/or electrical communication with the heating element  5240 ) to one or both of the one or more power storage elements  5260  and control circuitry  5280 , as discussed above in connection with the container  5100  of  FIG.  51   . The PCM  5225  and heating element  5240  can operate as discussed above for the PCM  5125  and heating element  5140 . Though the discussion in this paragraph refers to one or more heating elements  5240 , one of skill in the art will recognize that this can also apply to one or more cooling elements or one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric elements), and that this disclosure is meant to apply to all these options for the container  5200 . 
     Operation of the heating element  5240  can induce a circulation flow (e.g., a convection current) in the chamber  5215  holding liquid to create a convection or “waterfall effect,” where liquid circulates upward from the heating element  5240  and along a portion of the inner sidewall  5210  in thermal communication with the heating element  5240 , across to an opposite portion of the sidewall  5210 , downward along said opposite portion of the sidewall  5210  to the inner bottom wall  5212 , and across the inner bottom wall  5212  back to the portion of the inner sidewall  5210  in thermal communication with the heating element  5240 . Said convection or circulation advantageously results in the liquid in the bottom portion of the container  5200  and the liquid in the top portion of the container  5200  having substantially the same temperature (e.g., differ in temperature by less than 15 degrees F., differs in temperature by less than 10 degrees F., differ in temperature by less than 5 degrees F., differ in temperature by less than 3 degrees F., differ in temperature by less than 1 deg. F.) such that liquid in the container  5200  has a substantially uniform temperature during use of the container  5200 . 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  5200 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 5100 ,  5300 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIG.  53    illustrates an embodiment of a drinkware container  5300  (hereinafter “container  5300 ”). The container  5300  is similar to the containers  5100  and  5200  shown in  FIGS.  51 - 52   , except as noted below. Thus, the reference numerals used to designate the various components of the container  5300  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  5100  in  FIG.  51   , except that the reference numerals of the container  5300  begin with “53” instead of “51”. Therefore the description for the various components of the container  5100  and container  5200  shown in  FIGS.  51 - 52    are understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  5300  in  FIG.  53   , except as described below. 
     As only a cross-section is shown, the other half of the drinkware container  5300  is excluded in  FIG.  53    to illustrate the various components of the container  5300 . One of skill in the art will understand that the excluded portion of the drinkware container  5300  in  FIG.  53    is a mirror image of the portion of the drinkware container  5300  that is shown in  FIG.  53   . 
     As shown in  FIG.  53   , the heating element  5340  extends along the entire circumference of the inner sidewall  5310  and is in thermal communication with a portion of the sidewall  5310 . Though the illustrated embodiment shows the heating element  5340  axially optionally disposed proximate the inner bottom wall  5312 , in other embodiments, the heating element  5340  can be disposed at other locations along the inner sidewall  5310  (e.g., midway between the inner bottom wall  5312  and the rim  5331 , proximate the rim  5331 , etc.). The PCM  5325  can be disposed in a chamber  5324  that extends above the heating element  5340  (e.g., solely above the heating element  5340  so that there is no PCM  5325  disposed below the heating element  5340 ). A lead line (not shown) can extend from the heating element  5340  to one or both of the one or more power storage elements  5360  and control circuitry  5380 , as discussed above in connection with the container  5100  of  FIG.  51   . Though the discussion in this paragraph refers to one or more heating elements  5340 , one of skill in the art will recognize that this can also apply to one or more cooling elements or one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric elements), and that this disclosure is meant to apply to all these options for the container  5300 . 
     The PCM  5325  and heating element  5340  can operate as discussed above for the PCM  5125 ,  5225  and heating element  5140 ,  5240 . The heating element  5340  can optionally be a resistive heater (such as a coil heater), or a thermoelectric element (e.g., Peltier element). Operation of the heating element  5340  can induce a circulation flow (e.g., a convection current) in the chamber  5315  to create a convection or “waterfall effect,” as discussed above, which can advantageously result in the liquid in the bottom portion of the container  5300  and the liquid in the top portion of the container  5300  having substantially the same temperature (e.g., differ in temperature by less than 15 degrees F., differs in temperature by less than 10 degrees F., differ in temperature by less than 5 degrees F., differ in temperature by less than 3 degrees F., differ in temperature by less than 1 deg. F.) such that liquid in the container  5300  has a substantially uniform temperature during use of the container  5300 . 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  5300 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 5200 ,  5400 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIG.  54    illustrates an embodiment of a drinkware container  5400  (hereinafter “container  5400 ”). The container  5400  is similar to the container  5100  shown in  FIG.  51   , except as noted below. Thus, the reference numerals used to designate the various components of the container  5400  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  5100  in  FIG.  51   , except that the reference numerals of the container  5400  begin with “54” instead of “51”. Therefore the description for the various components of the container  5100  shown in  FIG.  51    are understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  5400  in  FIG.  54   , except as described below. 
     As only a cross-section is shown, the other half of the drinkware container  5400  is excluded in  FIG.  54    to illustrate the various components of the container  5400 . One of skill in the art will understand that the excluded portion of the drinkware container  5400  in  FIG.  54    is a mirror image of the portion of the drinkware container  5400  that is shown in  FIG.  54   . 
     As shown in  FIG.  54   , the chamber  5424  that contains the PCM  5425  extends solely above a plane defined by the inner bottom wall  5412 , so that the PCM  5425  is not disposed below the inner bottom wall  5412  (i.e., the chamber  5424  does not extend below the inner bottom wall  5412 ). 
     The heating element  5440  is optionally disposed above (e.g., on) the inner bottom wall  5412  and covers at least a portion of the inner bottom wall  5412  so that it is in direct thermal communication with liquid in the chamber  5415 . In the illustrated embodiment, the heating element  5440  covers substantially the entire bottom inner wall  5412 . The heating element  5440  is optionally a resistive heater. In one embodiment, the heating element  5440  can be defined by a trace pattern screen printed onto the surface of the inner bottom wall  5412 . Though the discussion in this paragraph refers to one or more heating elements  5440 , one of skill in the art will recognize that this can also apply to one or more cooling elements or one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric elements), and that this disclosure is meant to apply to all these options for the container  5400 . 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  5400 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 5300 ,  5500 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIG.  55    illustrates an embodiment of a drinkware container  5500  (hereinafter “container  5500 ”). The container  5500  is similar to the container  5400  shown in  FIG.  54   , except as noted below. Thus, the reference numerals used to designate the various components of the container  5500  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  5400  in  FIG.  54   , except that the reference numerals of the container  5500  begin with “55” instead of “54”. Therefore the description for the various components of the containers  5100 ,  5400  shown in  FIGS.  51 ,  54    are understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  5500  in  FIG.  55   , except as described below. 
     As only a cross-section is shown, the other half of the drinkware container  5500  is excluded in  FIG.  55    to illustrate the various components of the container  5500 . One of skill in the art will understand that the excluded portion of the drinkware container  5500  in  FIG.  55    is a mirror image of the portion of the drinkware container  5500  that is shown in  FIG.  55   . 
     As shown in  FIG.  55   , the container  5500  differs from the container  5400  solely in that the heating element  5540  is optionally disposed below (e.g., in contact with a bottom surface of) the inner bottom wall  5512  and covers at least a portion of the bottom surface of the inner bottom wall  5512  so that the heating element  5540  is in thermal communication (e.g., indirect thermal communication) with liquid in the chamber  5515  via conduction heat transfer through the inner bottom wall  5512 . The heating element  5540  is optionally a resistive heater. In one embodiment, the heating element  5540  can be defined by a trace pattern screen printed onto at least a portion of the bottom surface of the inner bottom wall  5512 . A lead line (not shown) can extend from the heating element  5540  to one or both of the one or more power storage elements  5560  and control circuitry  5580 , as discussed above in connection with the container  5100  of  FIG.  51   . Though the discussion in this paragraph refers to one or more heating elements  5540 , one of skill in the art will recognize that this can also apply to one or more cooling elements or one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric elements), and that this disclosure is meant to apply to all these options for the container  5500 . 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  5500 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 5400 ,  5600 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIG.  56    illustrates an embodiment of a drinkware container  5600  (hereinafter “container  5600 ”). The container  5600  is similar to the container  5100  shown in  FIG.  51   , except as noted below. Thus, the reference numerals used to designate the various components of the container  5600  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  5100  in  FIG.  51   , except that the reference numerals of the container  5600  begin with “56” instead of “51”. Therefore the description for the various components of the container  5100  shown in  FIG.  51    are understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  5600  in  FIG.  56   , except as described below. 
     As only a cross-section is shown, the other half of the drinkware container  5600  is excluded in  FIG.  56    to illustrate the various components of the container  5600 . One of skill in the art will understand that the excluded portion of the drinkware container  5600  in  FIG.  56    is a mirror image of the portion of the drinkware container  5600  that is shown in  FIG.  56   . 
     In  FIG.  56   , the heating element is excluded to show the inner bottom wall  5612  of the container  5600  and the chamber  5624  that extends between the second sidewall  5620  and outer sidewall  5630  as well as between the inner bottom wall  5612  and the bottom plate  5636 . In one embodiment the chamber  5634  can be filled with air, which can provide for thermal insulation of the outer sidewall  5630  relative to the inner and second sidewalls  5610 ,  5620 . Such insulation can facilitate the ability of a user to comfortably hold the container  5600  with a hot liquid therein (e.g., for extended periods of time) without burning their hand or feeling uncomfortable after a while due to the heat transferred from the hot liquid to the outer sidewall  5630 . Though the heating element is excluded from  FIG.  56   , one of skill in the art will recognize that the container  5600  can have a heating element like the heating element  5140 ,  5240 ,  5340 ,  5440  or  5540  previously described. Though the discussion in this paragraph refers to one or more heating elements, one of skill in the art will recognize that this can also apply to one or more cooling elements or one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric elements), and that this disclosure is meant to apply to all these options for the container  5600 . 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  5600 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 5500 ,  5700 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIG.  57    illustrates an embodiment of a drinkware container  5700  (hereinafter “container  5700 ”). The container  5700  is similar to the containers  5100 ,  5600  shown in  FIGS.  51 , 56   , except as noted below. Thus, the reference numerals used to designate the various components of the container  5700  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  5100  in  FIG.  51   , except that the reference numerals of the container  5700  begin with “57” instead of “51”. Therefore the description for the various components of the container  5100  shown in  FIG.  51    are understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  5700  in  FIG.  57   , except as described below. 
     As only a cross-section is shown, the other half of the drinkware container  5700  is excluded in  FIG.  57    to illustrate the various components of the container  5700 . One of skill in the art will understand that the excluded portion of the drinkware container  5700  in  FIG.  57    is a mirror image of the portion of the drinkware container  5700  that is shown in  FIG.  57   . 
     In  FIG.  57   , the chamber  5734  between the second sidewall  5720  and the outer sidewall  5730  can be filled with a material  5735 . The material  5735  can be a thermally insulating material, which can provide for thermal insulation of the outer sidewall  5730  relative to the inner and second sidewalls  5710 ,  5720 . Such insulation can facilitate the ability of a user to comfortably hold the container  5700  with a hot liquid therein (e.g., for extended periods of time) without burning their hand or feeling uncomfortable after a while due to the heat transferred from the hot liquid to the outer sidewall  5730 . The material  5735  can be a plastic material, a polymer material or a metal. In some embodiments, the material  5735  is optionally a solid material (e.g., a foam material). In other embodiments, the material is optionally a liquid material. Though the heating element is excluded from  FIG.  57   , one of skill in the art will recognize that the container  5700  can have a heating element like the heating element  5140 ,  5240 ,  5340 ,  5440  or  5540  previously described. Though the discussion in this paragraph refers to one or more heating elements, one of skill in the art will recognize that this can also apply to one or more cooling elements or one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric elements), and that this disclosure is meant to apply to all these options for the container  5700 . 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  5700 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 5600 ,  5800 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIG.  58    illustrates an embodiment of a drinkware container  5800  (hereinafter “container  5800 ”). The container  5800  is similar to the container  5100  shown in  FIG.  51   , except as noted below. Thus, the reference numerals used to designate the various components of the container  5800  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  5100  in  FIG.  51   , except that the reference numerals of the container  5800  begin with “58” instead of “51”. Therefore the description for the various components of the container  5100  shown in  FIG.  51    are understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  5800  in  FIG.  58   , except as described below. 
     As only a cross-section is shown, the other half of the drinkware container  5800  is excluded in  FIG.  58    to illustrate the various components of the container  5800 . One of skill in the art will understand that the excluded portion of the drinkware container  5800  in  FIG.  58    is a mirror image of the portion of the drinkware container  5800  that is shown in  FIG.  58   . 
     In  FIG.  58   , the heating element is excluded to show the inner bottom wall  5812  of the container  5800 . Though the heating element is excluded from  FIG.  58   , one of skill in the art will recognize that the container  5800  can have a heating element like the heating element  5140 ,  5240 ,  5340 ,  5440  or  5540  previously described. Though the discussion in this paragraph refers to one or more heating elements, one of skill in the art will recognize that this can also apply to one or more cooling elements or one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric elements), and that this disclosure is meant to apply to all these options for the container  5800 . 
     With continued reference to  FIG.  58   , the inner sidewall  5810  can be made of a different material than the second sidewall  5820 . In one embodiment, the inner sidewall  5810  can be made of metal, such as stainless steel, and the second sidewall  5820  can be made of a different material (e.g., a plastic material) with lower thermal conductivity properties, such that the second sidewall insulates the outer portion of the container  5800  from the liquid in the chamber  5815  and the inner sidewall  5810 . Such insulation can facilitate the ability of a user to comfortably hold the container  5800  with a hot liquid therein (e.g., for extended periods of time) without burning their hand or feeling uncomfortable after a while due to the heat transferred from the hot liquid to the outer surface of the container  5800 . 
     With continued reference to  FIG.  58   , the outer sidewall  5830  can optionally be adjacent (e.g., in contact with) the second sidewall  5820  so that there is no gap (such as chamber  5134  in  FIG.  1   ) between the second sidewall  5820  and the outer sidewall  5830 . As discussed previously, the outer sidewall  5830  can optionally be made of an insulative material (e.g., a foam material, a plastic material, etc.). In another embodiment, the outer sidewall  5830  can be excluded such that the second sidewall  5820  defines the outer wall of the container  5800 . In such an embodiment, the chambers  5850 ,  5870  that house the one or more power storage elements  5860  and control circuitry  5880  would have a sidewall that is generally aligned with the second sidewall  5820 . 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  5800 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 5700 ,  5900 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIG.  59    illustrates an embodiment of a drinkware container  5900  (hereinafter “container  5900 ”). The container  5900  is similar to the container  5100  shown in  FIG.  51   , except as noted below. Thus, the reference numerals used to designate the various components of the container  5900  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  5100  in  FIG.  51   , except that the reference numerals of the container  5900  begin with “59” instead of “51”. Therefore the description for the various components of the container  5100  shown in  FIG.  51    are understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  5900  in  FIG.  59   , except as described below. 
     As only a cross-section is shown, the other half of the drinkware container  5900  is excluded in  FIG.  59    to illustrate the various components of the container  5900 . One of skill in the art will understand that the excluded portion of the drinkware container  5900  in  FIG.  59    is a mirror image of the portion of the drinkware container  5900  that is shown in  FIG.  59   . 
     In  FIG.  59   , the heating element is excluded to show the inner bottom wall  5912  of the container  5900 . Though the heating element is excluded from  FIG.  59   , one of skill in the art will recognize that the container  5900  can have a heating element like the heating element  5140 ,  5240 ,  5340 ,  5440  or  5540  previously described. Though the discussion in this paragraph refers to one or more heating elements, one of skill in the art will recognize that this can also apply to one or more cooling elements or one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric elements), and that this disclosure is meant to apply to all these options for the container  5900 . 
     With continued reference to  FIG.  59   , the chamber  5934  between the second sidewall  5920  and the outer sidewall  5930  can be under a vacuum so that it defines a vacuum insulated chamber. The chamber  5934  can therefore thermally insulate the outer sidewall  5930  from the inner and second sidewalls  5910 ,  5920  to facilitate the ability of a user to comfortably hold the container  5900  with a hot liquid therein (e.g., for extended periods of time) without burning their hand or feeling uncomfortable after a while due to the heat transferred from the hot liquid to the outer surface of the container  5900 . The chamber  5934  can also thermally insulate the bottom plate  5936  from the second bottom wall  5922 . 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  5900 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 5800 ,  6000 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIG.  60    illustrates an embodiment of a drinkware container  6000  (hereinafter “container  6000 ”). The container  6000  is similar to the container  5100  shown in  FIG.  51   , except as noted below. Thus, the reference numerals used to designate the various components of the container  6000  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  5100  in  FIG.  51   , except that the reference numerals of the container  6000  begin with “60” instead of “51”. Therefore the description for the various components of the container  5100  shown in  FIG.  51    are understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  6000  in  FIG.  60   , except as described below. The container  1001  excludes the use of a phase change material (PCM) and chamber where the PCM is contained. 
     As only a cross-section is shown, the other half of the drinkware container  6000  is excluded in  FIG.  60    to illustrate the various components of the container  6000 . One of skill in the art will understand that the excluded portion of the drinkware container  6000  in  FIG.  60    is a mirror image of the portion of the drinkware container  6000  that is shown in  FIG.  60   . 
     As shown in  FIG.  60   , the container  6000  has an inner sidewall  6010  (e.g., circumferential or cylindrical inner sidewall  6010 ) and an inner bottom wall  6012  that together at least partially define the chamber  6015  in the container that holds liquid (e.g., hot coffee, hot tea, soup, hot chocolate). The container has an outer sidewall  6030  radially spaced apart from the inner sidewall  6010  to define a chamber  6034  (e.g., annular chamber or gap) therebetween. Additionally, the outer sidewall  6030  has one or more proximal openings  6033   b  formed in a proximal portion of the outer sidewall  6030  and one or more distal openings  6033   a  formed in a distal portion of the outer sidewall  6030 . The openings  6033   a ,  6033   b  allow air to flow through the one or more distal openings  6033   a , along the chamber  6034  and out the one or more proximal openings  6033   b , where said airflow provides a passive chimney effect to draw heat away from the inner sidewall  6010  and therefore draw heat from the liquid in the chamber  6015 . Said airflow can also facilitate thermal insulation of the outer sidewall  6030  relative to the inner sidewall  6010  to facilitate the ability of a user to comfortably hold the container  6000  with a hot liquid therein (e.g., for extended periods of time) without burning their hand or feeling uncomfortable after a while due to the heat transferred from the hot liquid to the outer surface of the container  6000 . 
     Optionally, the one or more proximal and distal openings  6033   b ,  6033   a  can remain open at all times such that said chimney effect through the chamber  6034  is available during use of the container  6000 . In other embodiments, one or both of the one or more proximal and distal openings  6033   b ,  6033   a  can be selectively closed, as further described below. 
     Optionally, the container  6000  can have a heat sink  6090  in thermal communication with the inner side wall  6010 . In the illustrated embodiment, the heat sink  6090  is adjacent an outer surface of the inner sidewall  6010  with one or more fins  6092  (e.g., a plurality of fins  6092 ) extending into the chamber  6034  so that the fin(s)  6092  are exposed to the airflow through the chamber  6034 . The heat sink  6090  can facilitate the removal of heat from the inner sidewall  6010  and therefore from the chamber  6015  that holds the liquid. 
     The outer sidewall  6030  can optionally be a single wall, and can optionally be made of a thermally insulative material (e.g., a plastic material, a foam material, etc.). In other embodiments, the outer sidewall  6030  can optionally define a chamber therein (e.g., be defined by two walls) that can contain air, or can be a vacuum chamber, to provide thermal insulation to the outer sidewall  6030  relative to the inner sidewall  6010  and liquid in the chamber  6015 . 
     In  FIG.  60   , the heating element is excluded to show the inner bottom wall  6012  of the container  6000 . Though the heating element is excluded from  FIG.  60   , one of skill in the art will recognize that the container  6000  can have a heating element like the heating element  5140 ,  5240 ,  5340 ,  5440  or  5540  previously described (e.g., a heating element disposed above the inner bottom wall  6012  or disposed below the inner bottom wall  6012 , or disposed in thermal communication with at least a portion of the inner sidewall  6010 ; a resistive heater or Peltier element; a screen printed heating element printed on the inner bottom wall  6012 , etc.). Though the discussion in this paragraph refers to one or more heating elements, one of skill in the art will recognize that this can also apply to one or more cooling elements or one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric elements), and that this disclosure is meant to apply to all these options for the container  6000 . 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  6000 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 5900 ,  6100 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIG.  61    illustrates an embodiment of a drinkware container  6100  (hereinafter “container  6100 ”). The container  6100  is similar to the container  5100 ,  6000  shown in  FIGS.  51  and  60   , except as noted below. Thus, the reference numerals used to designate the various components of the container  6100  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  5100  in  FIG.  51    and the container  6000  in  FIG.  60   , except that the reference numerals of the container  6100  begin with “61” instead of “51” or “60”. Therefore the description for the various components of the container  5100  shown in  FIG.  51   , and of the container  6000  shown in  FIG.  60   , are understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  6100  in  FIG.  61   , except as described below. The container  6100  excludes the use of a phase change material (PCM) and chamber where the PCM is contained. 
     The container  6100  differs from the container  6000  in that one or more of the one or more proximal or distal openings  6133   a ,  6133   b  are selectively closed to inhibit or cease the chimney effect of airflow through the chamber  6134 , as described above in connection with the container  6000 . In the illustrated embodiment, the one or more proximal openings  6133   b  are selectively closed with one or more gates  6195  to prevent airflow through the openings  6133   b , thereby ceasing the chimney airflow effect through the chamber  6134 . Though only the one or more gates  6195  are shown that selectively close the one or more proximal openings  6133   b , one of skill in the art will understand that alternatively, or additionally, gates can be actuated to selectively close the one or more distal openings  6133   b  in the outer sidewall  6130 . 
     The one or more gates  6195  can be actuated mechanically or electrically. In one embodiment, the one or more gates  6195  can be manually slid to cover or close the one or more proximal openings  6133   b . For example, a user can push a slide button or lever on a surface of the container  6100  that is mechanically coupled to the one or more gates  6195 , where actuation of the push button or lever by the user slides the one or more gates  6195  to cover or uncover the one or more proximal openings  6133   b.    
     In another embodiment, the one or more gates  6195  can be driven by an electrical actuator (e.g., electric motor, solenoid, electromagnet, etc.), which can be powered by the one or more power storage elements  6160  and/or controlled by the control circuitry  6180 , and which can be actuated by a user pushing on a user interface (e.g., button) on a surface of the container  6100 . 
     In another embodiment, the one or more gates  6195  can be automatically driven by the electrical actuator. For example, the control circuitry  6180  can have a receiver that receives commands from a remote mobile phone or tablet computer, and can actuate the one or more gates  6195  to selectively close or open the one or more proximal openings  6133   b . In still another embodiment, the control circuitry  6180  can optionally actuate the one or more gates  6195  to selectively open or close the one or more proximal openings  6133   b  based at least in part on a sensed parameter during use of the container  6100 . For example, the control circuitry  6180  can actuate the one or more gates  6195  to close the one or more proximal openings  6133   b  based on sensed temperature information for the liquid in the chamber  6115  to inhibit further cooling of the liquid in the chamber  6115 . In another embodiment, the control circuitry  6180  can actuate the one or more gates  6195  to close the one or more proximal openings  6133   b  based on a sensed energy level of the one or more power storage elements  6160  to conserve energy as closing the one or more proximal openings  6133   b  will result in a decreased loss of heat from the liquid in the chamber  6115 , which will therefore require less energy input from a heating element of the container  6100  to maintain the liquid in the chamber  6115  at a predetermined or user selected temperature, thereby reducing the power demand and increasing the operating life of the one or more power storage elements  6160 . 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  6100 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 6000 ,  6200 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIG.  62    illustrates an embodiment of a drinkware container  6200  (hereinafter “container  6200 ”). In the illustrated embodiment, the drinkware container  6200  is in the form of a baby or infant bottle. Some of the features of the container  6200  are similar to features in the container  5100  in  FIG.  51   . Thus, references numerals used to designate the various components of the container  6200  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  5100  in  FIG.  51   , except that the reference numerals of the container  6200  begin with “62” instead of “51”. Therefore, the description for the various components of the container  5100  in  FIG.  51    is understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  6200  in  FIG.  62   , except as described below. 
     As only a cross-section is shown, the other half of the drinkware container  6200  is excluded in  FIG.  62    to illustrate the various components of the container  6200 . One of skill in the art will understand that the excluded portion of the drinkware container  6200  in  FIG.  62    is a mirror image of the portion of the drinkware container  6200  that is shown in  FIG.  62   . 
     As shown in  FIG.  62   , a connector  6297  attaches to a proximal end of the container  6200  so that it covers the lip  6231 . In the illustrated embodiment, the connector  6297  can optionally include a nipple. The nipple can be of a flexible material (e.g., rubber) such as those used in baby bottles, or can be or a relatively rigid material (e.g., plastic) such as those used in sippy cups. 
     The container  6200  has an inner sidewall  6210  and inner bottom wall  6212  that together define a chamber  6215  that receives and holds a liquid (e.g., milk) therein. The container  6200  also has an outer sidewall  6230  that circumferentially surrounds and is radially spaced apart from the inner sidewall  6210  so as to define an annular chamber  6234  therebetween. The annular chamber  6234  can optionally extend below the inner bottom wall  6212  so that there is a gap between the inner bottom wall  6212  and a bottom plate  6236 . The annular chamber  6234  can optionally be filled with air, which can facilitate thermal insulation of the outer sidewall  6230  of the container  6200  relative to the inner sidewall  6210  and liquid in the chamber  6215 . In another embodiment, the annular chamber  6234  can optionally be under vacuum to provide a vacuum chamber that facilitates thermal insulation of the outer sidewall  6230  of the container  6200  relative to the inner sidewall  6210  and liquid in the chamber  6215 . In still another embodiment, the annular chamber  6234  can be filled with a material (e.g., insulative material, such as foam, that can facilitate thermal insulation of the outer sidewall  6230  of the container  6200  relative to the inner sidewall  6210  and liquid in the chamber  6215 . In one embodiment, the outer sidewall  6230  can optionally be of a different material than the material of the inner sidewall  6210 . In another embodiment, the inner sidewall  6210  and outer sidewall  6230  can be made of the same material (e.g., glass, a plastic material, a metal). 
     A chamber  6250  can be defined between the bottom plate  6236  and a second bottom plate  6232 , where the chamber  6250  can optionally removably house one or both of one or more power storage elements  6260  and control circuitry  6280  therein. 
     The container  6200  can have a heating element  6240  optionally disposed below (e.g., in contact with a bottom surface of) the inner bottom wall  6212  that covers at least a portion of the bottom surface of the inner bottom wall  6212  so that the heating element  6240  is in thermal communication (e.g., indirect thermal communication) with liquid in the chamber  6215  via conduction heat transfer through the inner bottom wall  6212 . The heating element  6240  is optionally a resistive heater. In other embodiments, the heating element  6240  can optionally be a thermoelectric element (e.g., Peltier element). In some embodiments, as discussed above, the heating element  6240  can be defined by a trace pattern screen printed onto at least a portion of the bottom surface of the inner bottom wall  6212 . A lead line (not shown) can extend from the heating element  6240  to one or both of the one or more power storage elements  6260  and control circuitry  6280 , as discussed above in connection with the container  5100  of  FIG.  51   . Though the embodiment in  FIG.  62    shows the heating element  6240  disposed below the inner bottom wall  6212 , in other embodiments the heating element  6240  can be disposed above the inner bottom wall  6212 , similar to the heating element  5140  shown in  FIG.  51   , so that it is in thermal communication (e.g., direct thermal communication) with liquid in the chamber  6215 . Though the discussion in this paragraph refers to one or more heating elements  6240 , one of skill in the art will recognize that this can also apply to one or more cooling elements or one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric elements), and that this disclosure is meant to apply to all these options for the container  6200 . 
     The control circuitry  6280  can control the operation of the heating element  6240  to control the amount of energy supplied to the liquid in the chamber  6215  to maintain or increase the temperature of the liquid. Optionally, the control circuitry  6280  can control delivery of power to the heating element  6240  based at least in part on information from one or more sensors that sense a parameter of quality of the liquid (e.g., temperature, volume, acidity, pH) where said one or more sensors can be on a surface of one or both of the inner sidewall  6210  and inner bottom wall  6212 . 
     The control circuitry can include a memory that stores or receives one or more algorithms that can be executed by the control circuitry  6280  to control the operation of the heating element  6240  and/or to determine a parameter of the liquid based on sensed information. In one embodiment, such algorithms can be used to determine one or more parameters of the liquid in the container  6200  based on sensed information for another parameter of the liquid. In one embodiment, the container  6200  can include a sensor in communication with the chamber  6215  (e.g., in contact with the inner sidewall  6210  or inner bottom wall  6212 , whose sensed information can provide an indication of a temperature of the liquid in the container  6200 , and an algorithm can calculate a volume of the liquid in the chamber  6215  based on the sensed information of the same sensor. For example, by sensing how long it takes for the liquid to change temperature upon actuation of the heating element  6240 , the algorithm can calculate the approximate volume of liquid in the chamber  6215  (e.g., if the container  6200  is full of liquid, it may take X seconds for the sensed temperature to change, but if the container  6200  is half-full of liquid, it may take Y seconds for the sensed temperature to change). Though such algorithms are described in connection with the container  6200 , one of skill in the art will recognize that such algorithms can be implemented or use by the control circuitry  5180 - 6180 ,  6380 ,  6580 ,  6680 - 6880  of the other containers  5100 - 6100 ,  6300 ,  6400 ,  6500 ,  6600 - 6800  disclosed herein. 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  6200 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 6100 ,  6300 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIG.  63    illustrates an embodiment of a drinkware container  6300  (hereinafter “container  6300 ”). The container  6300  is similar to the container  6200  shown in  FIG.  62   , except as noted below. Thus, the reference numerals used to designate the various components of the container  6300  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  6200  in  FIG.  62   , except that the reference numerals of the container  6300  begin with “63” instead of “62”. Therefore the description for the various components of the container  6200  shown in  FIG.  62    are understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  6300  in  FIG.  63   , except as described below. 
     As only a cross-section is shown, the other half of the drinkware container  6300  is excluded in  FIG.  63    to illustrate the various components of the container  6300 . One of skill in the art will understand that the excluded portion of the drinkware container  6300  in  FIG.  63    is a mirror image of the portion of the drinkware container  6300  that is shown in  FIG.  63   . 
     As shown in  FIG.  63   , the heating element  6340  optionally surrounds at least a portion of the inner sidewall  6310  (e.g., surrounds the inner sidewall  6310  along substantially its entire length). The heating element  6340  can optionally be a resistive heater, such as a coil heater. In another embodiment, the heating element  6340  can be a thermoelectric element (e.g., Peltier element). Though the discussion in this paragraph refers to one or more heating elements  6340 , one of skill in the art will recognize that this can also apply to one or more cooling elements or one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric elements), and that this disclosure is meant to apply to all these options for the container  6300 . 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  6300 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 6200 ,  6400 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIG.  64    illustrates an embodiment of a drinkware container  6400  (hereinafter “container  6400 ”). The container  6400  can be similar to the container  6200 ,  6300  shown in  FIGS.  62 - 63   , except as noted below. Thus, the reference numerals used to designate the various components of the container  6400  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  6200 ,  6300  in  FIGS.  62 - 63   , except that the reference numerals of the container  6400  begin with “64” instead of “62” or “63”. Therefore the description for the various components of the container  6200 ,  6300  shown in  FIGS.  62 - 63    are understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  6400  in  FIG.  64   , except as described below. 
     As shown in  FIG.  64   , the container  6400  optionally has one or more viewing windows W on the outer sidewall  6430  that allow viewing of the liquid in the container  6400  (e.g., to see the level of the liquid in the container  6400 ). Though such one or more viewing windows W are shown in connection with container  6400 , one of skill in the art will recognize that such one or more viewing windows W can be incorporated into the other containers  5100 - 5300 ,  6500 ,  6600 - 6800  disclosed herein. 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  6400 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 6300 ,  6500 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIG.  65    illustrates an embodiment of a drinkware container  6500  (hereinafter “container  6500 ”). The container  6500  is similar to the container  6200  shown in  FIG.  62   , except as noted below. Thus, the reference numerals used to designate the various components of the container  6500  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  6200  in  FIG.  62   , except that reference numerals of the container  6500  begin with “65” instead of “62”. Therefore the description for the various components of the container  6200  shown in  FIG.  62    are understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  6500  in  FIG.  65   , except as described below. 
     As only a cross-section is shown, the other half of the drinkware container  6500  is excluded in  FIG.  65    to illustrate the various components of the container  6500 . One of skill in the art will understand that the excluded portion of the drinkware container  6500  in  FIG.  65    is a mirror image of the portion of the drinkware container  6500  that is shown in  FIG.  65   . 
     As shown in  FIG.  65   , the heating element  6540  optionally surrounds at least a portion of the inner sidewall  6510  (e.g., surrounds the inner sidewall  6510  along less than half its length). The heating element  6540  can optionally be a resistive heater, such as a coil heater. In another embodiment, the heating element  6540  can be a thermoelectric element (e.g., Peltier element). In the illustrated embodiment, the heating element  6540  surrounds a bottom portion of the inner sidewall  6510  (proximate the bottom inner wall  6512 ). However, in other embodiments, the heating element  6540  can optionally surround the top portion of the inner sidewall  6510 , or can optionally surround an intermediate portion of the inner sidewall  6510  that is between the bottom and top ends of the inner sidewall  6510 . Though the discussion in this paragraph refers to one or more heating elements  6540 , one of skill in the art will recognize that this can also apply to one or more cooling elements or one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric elements), and that this disclosure is meant to apply to all these options for the container  6500 . 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  6500 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 6400 ,  6600 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIG.  66    illustrates an embodiment of a drinkware container  6600  (hereinafter “container  6600 ”). The container  6600  is similar to the container  6200  shown in  FIG.  62   , except as noted below. Thus, the reference numerals used to designate the various components of the container  6600  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  6200  in  FIG.  62   , except that the reference numerals of the container  6600  begin with “66” instead of “62”. Therefore the description for the various components of the container  6200  shown in  FIG.  62    are understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  6600  in  FIG.  66   , except as described below. 
     As only a cross-section is shown, the other half of the drinkware container  6600  is excluded in  FIG.  66    to illustrate the various components of the container  6600 . One of skill in the art will understand that the excluded portion of the drinkware container  6600  in  FIG.  66    is a mirror image of the portion of the drinkware container  6600  that is shown in  FIG.  66   . 
     As shown in  FIG.  66   , the heating element  6640  includes a bottom heating element  6640   a  optionally disposed below (e.g., in contact with a bottom surface of) the inner bottom wall  6612  that covers at least a portion of the bottom surface of the inner bottom wall  6612  so that the heating element  6640   a  is in thermal communication (e.g., indirect thermal communication) with liquid in the chamber  6615  via conduction heat transfer through the inner bottom wall  6612 . The heating element  6640  also includes a side heating element  6640   b  that optionally surrounds at least a portion of the inner sidewall  6610  (e.g., surrounds the inner sidewall  6610  along less than half its length). One or both of the bottom and side heating elements  6640   a ,  6640   b  can optionally be a resistive heater, such as a coil heater. In another embodiment, one or both of the bottom and side heating elements  6640   a ,  6640   b  can be a thermoelectric element (e.g., Peltier element). In the illustrated embodiment, the side heating element  6640   b  surrounds a bottom portion of the inner sidewall  6610  (proximate the bottom inner wall  6612 ). However, in other embodiments, the heating element  6640   b  can optionally surround the top portion of the inner sidewall  6610 , or can optionally surround an intermediate portion of the inner sidewall  6610  that is between the bottom and top ends of the inner sidewall  6610 . Though the discussion in this paragraph refers to one or more heating elements  6640 , one of skill in the art will recognize that this can also apply to one or more cooling elements or one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric elements), and that this disclosure is meant to apply to all these options for the container  6600 . 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  6600 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 6500 ,  6700 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIG.  67    illustrates an embodiment of a drinkware container  6700  (hereinafter “container  6700 ”). The container  6700  is similar to the container  6200  shown in  FIG.  62   , except as noted below. Thus, the reference numerals used to designate the various components of the container  6700  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  6200  in  FIG.  62   , except that the reference numerals of the container  6700  begin with “67” instead of “62”. Therefore the description for the various components of the container  6200  shown in  FIG.  62    are understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  6700  in  FIG.  67   , except as described below. 
       FIG.  67    shows a cross-section of the outer sidewall  6730  and connector  6797 , as well as a cross-section of the chamber  6750 , wall  6732  and one or more power storage elements  6760  and control circuitry  6780 . The other half of these components is excluded in  FIG.  67    to illustrate the various components of the container  6700 . One of skill in the art will understand that the excluded portion of the drinkware container  6700  in  FIG.  67    is a mirror image of the portion of the drinkware container  6700  that is shown in  FIG.  67   . 
     As shown in  FIG.  67   , the heating element  6740  can optionally be a band that extends along at least a portion of the length of the sidewall  6710  (e.g., along substantially the entire length of the inner sidewall  6710 ). The heating element  6740  can have a width that is less than a circumference of the sidewall  6710 , such that the heating element  6740  only extends over a portion of the circumference of the inner sidewall  6710 . The heating element  6740  can optionally be a resistive heater. In another embodiment, the heating element  6740  can be a thermoelectric element (e.g., Peltier element). In the illustrated embodiment, the heating element  6740  optionally extends along substantially the entire length of the inner sidewall  6710 . In another embodiment, the heating element  6740  can optionally extend over only a portion (e.g., less than half, less than ⅓) of the length of the inner sidewall  6710 . Though the discussion in this paragraph refers to one or more heating elements  6740 , one of skill in the art will recognize that this can also apply to one or more cooling elements or one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric elements), and that this disclosure is meant to apply to all these options for the container  6700 . 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  6700 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 6600 ,  6800 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIG.  68    illustrates an embodiment of a drinkware container  6800  (hereinafter “container  6800 ”). The container  6800  is similar to the container  6200  shown in  FIG.  62   , except as noted below. Thus, the reference numerals used to designate the various components of the container  6800  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  6200  in  FIG.  62   , except that the reference numerals of the container  6800  begin with “68” instead of “62”. Therefore the description for the various components of the container  6200  shown in  FIG.  62    are understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  6800  in  FIG.  68   , except as described below. 
       FIG.  68    shows a cross-section of the outer sidewall  6830  and connector  6897 , as well as a cross-section of the chamber  6850 , wall  6832  and one or more power storage elements  6860  and control circuitry  6880 . The other half of these components is excluded in  FIG.  68    to illustrate the various components of the container  6800 . One of skill in the art will understand that the excluded portion of the drinkware container  6800  in  FIG.  68    is a mirror image of the portion of the drinkware container  6800  that is shown in  FIG.  68   . 
     As shown in  FIG.  68   , the heating element  6840  includes a bottom heating element  6840   b  optionally disposed below (e.g., in contact with a bottom surface of) the inner bottom wall  6812  that covers at least a portion of the bottom surface of the inner bottom wall  6812  so that the heating element  6840   b  is in thermal communication (e.g., indirect thermal communication) with liquid in the chamber  6815  via conduction heat transfer through the inner bottom wall  6812 . The heating element  6840  also includes a side heating element  6840   a  that can optionally be a band that extends along at least a portion of the length of the sidewall  6810  (e.g., along substantially the entire length of the inner sidewall  6810 ). The heating element  6840   a  can have a width that is less than a circumference of the sidewall  6810 , such that the heating element  6840   a  only extends over a portion of the circumference of the inner sidewall  6810 . One or both of the bottom and side heating elements  6840   b ,  6840   a  can optionally be a resistive heater, such as a coil heater. In another embodiment, one or both of the bottom and side heating elements  6840   b ,  6840   a  can be a thermoelectric element (e.g., Peltier element). In the illustrated embodiment, the side heating element  6840   a  optionally extends along substantially the entire length of the inner sidewall  6810 . In another embodiment, the side heating element  6840   a  can optionally extend over only a portion (e.g., less than half, less than ⅓) of the length of the inner sidewall  6810 . Though the discussion in this paragraph refers to one or more heating elements  6840 , one of skill in the art will recognize that this can also apply to one or more cooling elements or one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric elements), and that this disclosure is meant to apply to all these options for the container  6800 . 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  6800 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 6700 ,  6900 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIGS.  69 A- 69 B  illustrate an embodiment of a drinkware container  6900  (hereinafter “container  6900 ”). In the illustrated embodiment, the drinkware container  6900  is in the form of a baby or infant bottle. Some of the features of the container  6900  are similar to features in the container  6200  in  FIG.  62   . Thus, references numerals used to designate the various components of the container  6900  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  6200  in  FIG.  62   , except that the reference numerals of the container  6900  begin with “69” instead of “62”. Therefore, the structure and description for the various components of the container  6200  in  FIG.  62    is understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  6900  in  FIGS.  69 A- 69 B , except as described below. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  69 A- 69 B , a connector  6997  attaches to a proximal end of the container  6900  so that it covers a lip (not shown, but similar to  6231  in  FIG.  62   ). In the illustrated embodiment, the connector  6997  can optionally include a nipple. The nipple can be of a flexible material (e.g., rubber) such as those used in baby bottles, or can be or a relatively rigid material (e.g., plastic) such as those used in sippy cups. 
     The container  6900  an outer sidewall  6930  and a chamber  6950  at a bottom of the container  6900  and defined at least in part by a bottom surface  6936  of the container  6900 . 
     With continued reference to  FIGS.  69 A- 69 B , a module  6990  (e.g., a heating module) can optionally include one or more of heating elements  6940  (similar to heating element  6240 ), one or more power storage element (not shown, but similar to power storage element  6260 ) and/or control circuitry (not shown, but similar to control circuitry  6280 ). The module  6990  can removably couple to the bottom portion of the container  6900  so that the one or more heating elements  6940  is in contact with the bottom surface  6936 . In another embodiment, the one or more heating elements can be incorporated into the container  6900  (as disclosed in other embodiments herein), and power to the one or more heating elements can be communicated from the module  6990  via one or more electrical contacts between the container  6900  and the module  6990 . Though the discussion in this paragraph refers to one or more heating elements  6940 , one of skill in the art will recognize that this can also apply to one or more cooling elements or one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric elements), and that this disclosure is meant to apply to all these options for the container  6900 . 
     The module  6990  can have one or more magnets  6992  configured to magnetically couple to one or more magnets  6994  on the bottom surface  6936  to couple the module  6990  to the container  6900 . Once the user is done using the module  6990  (e.g., to heat a liquid in the container  6900 ), the user can decouple the module  6990  from the container  6900  (e.g., to allow the container  6900  to be washed). 
     Advantageously, because the module  6990  is removable, it can be used with a plurality of separate containers  6900 . Thus, a user can use one module  6990  to heat a plurality of separate containers  6900  and need not purchase a plurality of containers that each includes its separate electronics and heating unit. 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  6900 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 6800 ,  7000 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIGS.  70 A- 70 B  illustrate an embodiment of a drinkware container  7000  (hereinafter “container  7000 ”). In the illustrated embodiment, the drinkware container  7000  is in the form of a baby or infant bottle. Some of the features of the container  7000  are similar to features in the container  6200  in  FIG.  62   . Thus, references numerals used to designate the various components of the container  7000  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  6200  in  FIG.  62   , except that the reference numerals of the container  7000  begin with “70” instead of “62”. Therefore, the structure and description for the various components of the container  6200  in  FIG.  62    is understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  7000  in  FIGS.  70 A- 70 B , except as described below. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  70 A- 70 B , a connector  7097  attaches to a proximal end of the container  7000  so that it covers a lip (not shown, but similar to  6231  in  FIG.  62   ). In the illustrated embodiment, the connector  7097  can optionally include a nipple. The nipple can be of a flexible material (e.g., rubber) such as those used in baby bottles, or can be or a relatively rigid material (e.g., plastic) such as those used in sippy cups. 
     The container  7000  an outer sidewall  7030  and a chamber  7050  at a bottom of the container  7000  and defined at least in part by a bottom surface  7036  of the container  7000 . 
     With continued reference to  FIGS.  70 A- 70 B , a module  7090  can optionally include one or more of heating elements  7040  (similar to heating element  6240 ), one or more power storage element (not shown, but similar to power storage element  6260 ) and/or control circuitry (not shown, but similar to control circuitry  6280 ). The module  7090  can removably couple to the bottom portion of the container  7000  so that the one or more heating elements  7040  is in contact with the bottom surface  7036 . In another embodiment, the one or more heating elements can be incorporated into the container  7000  (as disclosed in other embodiments herein), and power to the one or more heating elements can be communicated from the module  7090  via one or more electrical contacts between the container  7000  and the module  7090 . Though the discussion in this paragraph refers to one or more heating elements  7040 , one of skill in the art will recognize that this can also apply to one or more cooling elements or one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric elements), and that this disclosure is meant to apply to all these options for the container  7000 . 
     The module  7090  can have a threaded portion  7092  configured to threadably couple to a threaded portion  7094  on a bottom of the container  7000  to couple the module  7090  to the container  7000 . Once the user is done using the module  7090  (e.g., to heat a liquid in the container  7000 ), the user can decouple the module  7090  from the container  7000  (e.g., to allow the container  7000  to be washed). 
     Advantageously, because the module  7090  is removable, it can be used with a plurality of separate containers  7000 . Thus, a user can use one module  7090  to heat a plurality of separate containers  7000  and need not purchase a plurality of containers that each includes its separate electronics and heating unit. 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  7000 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 6900 ,  7100 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIGS.  71 A- 71 B  illustrate an embodiment of a drinkware container  7100  (hereinafter “container  7100 ”). In the illustrated embodiment, the drinkware container  7100  is in the form of a baby or infant bottle. Some of the features of the container  7100  are similar to features in the container  6200  in  FIG.  62   . Thus, references numerals used to designate the various components of the container  7100  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  6200  in  FIG.  62   , except that the reference numerals of the container  7100  begin with “71” instead of “62”. Therefore, the structure and description for the various components of the container  6200  in  FIG.  62    is understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  7100  in  FIGS.  71 A- 71 B , except as described below. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  71 A- 71 B , a connector  7197  attaches to a proximal end of the container  7100  so that it covers a lip (not shown, but similar to  6231  in  FIG.  62   ). In the illustrated embodiment, the connector  7197  can optionally include a nipple. The nipple can be of a flexible material (e.g., rubber) such as those used in baby bottles, or can be or a relatively rigid material (e.g., plastic) such as those used in sippy cups. 
     The container  7100  an outer sidewall  7130  and a chamber  7150  at a bottom of the container  7100  and defined at least in part by a bottom surface  7136  of the container  7100 . 
     With continued reference to  FIGS.  71 A- 71 B , a module  7190  can optionally include one or more of heating elements (similar to heating element  6240 ), one or more power storage element (not shown, but similar to power storage element  6260 ) and/or control circuitry (not shown, but similar to control circuitry  6280 ). The module  7190  can removably couple to the bottom portion of the container  7100  in a press-fit manner so that the one or more heating elements of the module  7190  contact the bottom surface  7136 . In another embodiment, the one or more heating elements can be incorporated into the container  7100  (as disclosed in other embodiments herein), and power to the one or more heating elements can be communicated from the module  7190  via one or more electrical contacts  7192  that contact electrical contacts  7194  of the container  7100 . Additionally, power can be provided to one or more sensors (e.g., temperature sensors, capacitance sensors, tilt sensors) in the container  7100  via an electrical contact  7196  in the module  7190  that contacts an electrical contact  7198  in the container  7100  when the module  7190  is coupled to the container  7100 . Though the discussion in this paragraph refers to one or more heating elements, one of skill in the art will recognize that this can also apply to one or more cooling elements or one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric elements), and that this disclosure is meant to apply to all these options for the container  7100 . 
     Once the user is done using the module  7190  (e.g., to heat a liquid in the container  7100 ), the user can decouple the module  7190  from the container  7100  (e.g., to allow the container  7100  to be washed). 
     Advantageously, because the module  7190  is removable, it can be used with a plurality of separate containers  7100 . Thus, a user can use one module  7190  to heat a plurality of separate containers  7100  and need not purchase a plurality of containers that each includes its separate electronics and heating unit. 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  7100 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 7000 ,  7200 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIGS.  72 A- 72 B  illustrate an embodiment of a drinkware container  7200  (hereinafter “container  7200 ”). In the illustrated embodiment, the drinkware container  7200  is in the form of a baby or infant bottle. Some of the features of the container  7200  are similar to features in the container  6200  in  FIG.  62   . Thus, references numerals used to designate the various components of the container  7200  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  6200  in  FIG.  62   , except that the reference numerals of the container  7200  begin with “72” instead of “62”. Therefore, the structure and description for the various components of the container  6200  in  FIG.  62    is understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  7200  in  FIGS.  72 A- 72 B , except as described below. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  72 A- 72 B , a connector  7297  attaches to a proximal end of the container  7200  so that it covers a lip (not shown, but similar to  6231  in  FIG.  62   ). In the illustrated embodiment, the connector  7297  can optionally include a nipple. The nipple can be of a flexible material (e.g., rubber) such as those used in baby bottles, or can be or a relatively rigid material (e.g., plastic) such as those used in sippy cups. 
     The container  7200  an outer sidewall  7230  and a chamber  7250  at a bottom of the container  7200  and defined at least in part by a bottom surface  7236  of the container  7200 . 
     With continued reference to  FIGS.  72 A- 72 B , a module  7290  can include one or more of heating elements  7240  (similar to heating element  6240 ), one or more power storage element (not shown, but similar to power storage element  6260 ) and/or control circuitry (not shown, but similar to control circuitry  6280 ). The module  7290  can removably couple to the bottom portion of the container  7200  so that the one or more heating elements  7240  is in contact with the bottom surface  7236 . In another embodiment, the one or more heating elements can be incorporated into the container  7200  (as disclosed in other embodiments herein), and power to the one or more heating elements can be communicated from the module  7290  via one or more electrical contacts between the container  7200  and the module  7290 . Though the discussion in this paragraph refers to one or more heating elements  7240 , one of skill in the art will recognize that this can also apply to one or more cooling elements or one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric elements), and that this disclosure is meant to apply to all these options for the container  7200 . 
     The module  7290  can have a pin portion  7292  configured to couple to a notched or recessed portion  7294  on a bottom of the container  7200  to couple the module  7290  to the container  7200  in a twist-lock manner (e.g., by inserting the module  7290  into the chamber  7250  and rotating the module  7290 , for example a quarter turn, to lock the module  7290  to the container  7200 ). Once the user is done using the module  7290  (e.g., to heat a liquid in the container  7200 ), the user can decouple the module  7290  from the container  7200  (e.g., to allow the container  7200  to be washed). 
     Advantageously, because the module  7290  is removable, it can be used with a plurality of separate containers  7200 . Thus, a user can use one module  7290  to heat a plurality of separate containers  7200  and need not purchase a plurality of containers that each includes its separate electronics and heating unit. 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  7200 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 7100 ,  7300 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIG.  73    illustrates an embodiment of a drinkware container  7300  (hereinafter “container  7300 ”). In the illustrated embodiment, the drinkware container  7300  is in the form of a baby or infant bottle. Some of the features of the container  7300  are similar to features in the container  6900  in  FIGS.  69 A- 69 B . Thus, references numerals used to designate the various components of the container  7300  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  6900  in  FIGS.  69 A- 69 B , except that the reference numerals of the container  7300  begin with “73” instead of “69”. Therefore, the structure and description for the various components of the container  6900  in  FIGS.  69 A- 69 B  is understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  7300  in  FIG.  73   , except as described below. 
     As shown in  FIG.  73   , the container  7300  can include a cover  7310  and a cap  7320 . In one embodiment, the cover  7310  can be a clear polycarbonate cover. In one embodiment, the cap  7320  can be made of plastic. The container  7300  can also include connector  7397  (see  FIGS.  74 A- 74 B ) that attaches to a cap  7320  and extends into the cover  7310  when the cover  7310  is disposed over the cap  7320 . In one embodiment, the connector  7397  can optionally include a nipple. The nipple can be of a flexible material (e.g., rubber) such as those used in baby bottles, or can be or a relatively rigid material (e.g., plastic) such as those used in sippy cups. The cap  7320  can attach to an outer sidewall  7330  so that it covers a lip (not shown, but similar to lip  6231  in  FIG.  62   ), and the outer sidewall  7330  together with a bottom surface  7336  of the container  7300  defines a chamber  7315  that can hold a liquid (e.g., milk, water). The outer sidewall  7330  can in one embodiment be made of clear polycarbonate material. The bottom surface or wall  7336  can in one embodiment be made of metal, and be embedded into a bottom of the container  7300 , as described further below. 
     With continued reference to  FIG.  73   , a module  7390  (e.g., a heating module) can optionally include one or more of heating elements  7340  (similar to heating element  6940  in  FIG.  69 A ), one or more power storage element (not shown, but similar to power storage element  6260  in  FIG.  62   ) and/or control circuitry (not shown, but similar to control circuitry  6280  in  FIG.  62   ). In embodiments where the element  7340  is a thermoelectric module, the element can function in heating or cooling mode to heat or cool the liquid in the container  7300 . The module  7390  can removably couple to the bottom portion of the container  7300  so that the one or more heating elements  7340  is in contact with the bottom surface  7336 . Accordingly, in this embodiment, the electronics are only housed in the module  7390 , not in the vessel defined by the outer sidewall  7330  and bottom surface or wall  7336 . In another embodiment, the one or more heating elements can be incorporated into the container  7300  (as disclosed in other embodiments herein), and power to the one or more heating elements can be communicated from the module  7390  via one or more electrical contacts between the container  7300  and the module  7390  (such as disclosed above in connection with container  7100 ). Though the discussion in this paragraph refers to one or more heating elements  7340 , one of skill in the art will recognize that this can also apply to one or more cooling elements or one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric elements), and that this disclosure is meant to apply to all these options for the container  7300 . 
     The module  7390  can have one or more magnets  7392  (see  FIGS.  74 A- 74 B ) configured to magnetically couple to the bottom surface  7336  where the surface  7336  is made of metal. In other embodiments, where the bottom surface  7336  is not made of metal (e.g., it&#39;s made of polycarbonate material), the bottom surface  7336  can have one or more magnets on an outer surface thereof or embedded therein, to which the one or more magnets  7392  can couple when the module  7390  couples to the bottom of the container  7300 . Once the user is done using the module  7390  (e.g., to heat a liquid in the container  7300 ), the user can decouple the module  7390  from the container  7300  (e.g., to allow the container  7300  to be washed). 
     Advantageously, the magnetic coupling allows a user to couple the container  7300  to the module  7390  with one hand (e.g., while holding a baby or infant with their other arm), thereby greatly facilitating the heating of the contents of the container  7300 . For example, a user can keep one or more containers  7300  filled with a liquid (e.g., milk) in a refrigerator, travel cooler, etc. Once the baby or infant awakens at night or is otherwise ready for a feeding, the user can take one of the containers  7300  out of the refrigerator with one hand (e.g., while holding the baby or infant in their other arm), place it over the module  7390  (which can be docked over a charging base  7400  at the time), whereby the magnets  7392  automatically couple the module  7390  to the container  7300 . The user can then lift the container  7300  with the attached module  7390  and give it to the baby or infant once ready (e.g., walk back to place the baby or infant in bed and provide them with the container  7300  with the heated liquid). In one embodiment, the module  7390  can provide an indication (e.g., visual, vibration, auditory) that the liquid has been heated to the preselected or predetermined temperature (as discussed further below). For example, as shown in  FIGS.  75 A- 75 B , the module  7390  can have a visual indication screen  7395  that can indicate to the user the status of the heating process.  FIG.  75 A  shows a “HEATING” notice, which identifies the user that the liquid in the container  7300  is not yet at the desired drinking temperature. However, other suitable notices, such as NOT READY, etc. can be used, or the screen can blink.  FIG.  75 B  shows a “READY” notice, which identifies to the user that the liquid in the container  7300  has been heated to the desired temperature (or temperature range) and is ready for consumption. However, other suitable notices, such as SAFE or OKAY, etc. can be used, or the screen can remain lit (not blink). The visual indication screen  7395  can be automatically activated when the module  7390  couples to the container  7300 . In one embodiment, the visual indication screen  7395  can be a hidden till-lit white LED dot matrix display. The visual indication screen  7395  can also provide other information, such as operating information (e.g., battery life, liquid level, heating or cooling operation). 
     In one embodiment, the user can decouple the module  7390  from the container  7300  before handing the container  7300  to the baby or infant for consumption. In another embodiment, the module  7390  can remain attached to the container  7300  while the baby or infant consumes the liquid in the container  7300 . As noted above, the container  7300  can advantageously be coupled to the module  7390  with one hand by the user (e.g., while their other hand is occupied, such as holding the infant) by placing the container  7300  over the module  7390 . In one embodiment, the module  7390  couples to the container  7300  solely via the magnets  7392  as discussed above; the magnetic coupling force can be large enough to inhibit the decoupling of the module  7390  from the container  7300  by the baby or infant (e.g., while consuming the liquid in the container  7300 ). 
     In another embodiment, the module  7390  couples to the container  7300  via a combination of mechanisms disclosed herein. For example, the module  7390  can couple to the container  7300  via magnets  7392 , as discussed above, and in addition the bottom of the container  7300  and top of the module  7390  can have a pin-notch system (similar to the one described above for container  7200  in  FIG.  72 A ) or a ramp and notch mechanism that provides a twist-lock arrangement to the coupling to thereby provide a connection between the container  7300  and module  7390  that is more difficult to remove (e.g., more difficult for the baby or infant to decouple, such as while consuming the liquid in the container  7300 ). For example, where the container  7300  and module  7390  have a ramp and notch system in addition to magnets  7392 , when the user places the container  7300  over the module  7390  (which may be sitting on the charging base  7400 ), the magnets  7392  on the module  7390  start to draw the module  7390  toward the bottom surface  7336  of the container  7300 . As the module  7390  is drawn toward the bottom surface  7336 , the ramps (on the module  7390  or the container  7300 ) can engage the notches or recesses (on the container  7300  or the module  7390 ) to provide for a locking connection between the module  7390  and the container  7300 . In one embodiment, the engagement of the ramps and notches or recesses can cause the module  7390  to rotate relative to the container  7300  as the locking connection is achieved. 
     In one embodiment, the container  7300  that is used with the removable module  7390  can be a conventional plastic or glass baby bottle. In another embodiment, the container  7300  can be a conventional sippy cup made of plastic. In such embodiments, the container  7300  includes no electronics therein; all the electronics and heating elements are housed in the removable module  7390 . 
     Advantageously, because the module  7390  is removable, it can be used with a plurality of separate containers  7300 . Thus, a user can use one module  7390  to heat a plurality of separate containers  7300  and need not purchase a plurality of containers that each includes its separate electronics and heating unit. 
     In one embodiment, actuation of the one or more heating elements  7340  can begin automatically upon the coupling of the module  7390  to the container  7300 . For example, one or more sensors can sense when the module  7390  couples to the container  7300  and communicate a signal to control circuitry  7380  (see  FIGS.  74 A- 74 B ) in the module  7390  to provide power to the one or more heating elements  7340  to generate heat. Said heat can be communicated from the one or more heating elements  7340  to the bottom surface  7336  of the container  7300  via conduction heat transfer, and the heat transferred through the bottom surface  7336  to the contents of the container  7300 . Conversely, actuation of the one or more heating elements  7340  can cease automatically upon decoupling of the module  7390  from the container  7300  (e.g., based on sensed information from one or more sensors that the module  7390  is not coupled to the container  7300 . Such one or more sensors can include a pressure sensor, a contact sensor, a capacitance sensor, an optical sensor, or any other suitable type of sensor for sensing the coupling or decoupling of the module  7390  with the container  7300 . 
     The control circuitry  7380  (see  FIGS.  74 A- 74 B ) can control the operation of the one or more heating elements  7340  to control the amount of energy supplied to the liquid in the chamber of the container  7300  to maintain or increase the temperature of the liquid. Optionally, the control circuitry  7380  can control delivery of power to the one or more heating elements  7340  based at least in part on information from one or more sensors that sense a parameter of quality of the liquid (e.g., temperature, volume, acidity, pH) where said one or more sensors can be on a surface of one or both of the module  7390  and container  7300 . For example, such sensors can be on the bottom surface  7336  and/or the top surface of the module  7390 . 
     The control circuitry  7380  can include a memory that stores or receives one or more algorithms (e.g., wirelessly via a tablet or smartphone app, via a wired connection or during manufacturing of the module  7390  at the factory) that can be executed by the control circuitry  7380  to control the operation of the one or more heating elements  7340  and/or to determine a parameter of the liquid based on sensed information. In one embodiment, such algorithms can be used to determine one or more parameters of the liquid in the container  7300  based on sensed information for another parameter of the liquid. In one embodiment, the container  7300  can include one or more sensors in communication with inner liquid holding chamber  7315  (e.g., in contact with the sidewall  7330  or bottom wall  7336 , whose sensed information can provide an indication of a temperature of the liquid in the container  7300 , and an algorithm can calculate a volume of the liquid in the chamber based on the sensed information of the same sensor. For example, by sensing how long it takes for the liquid to change temperature upon actuation of the one or more heating elements  7340 , the algorithm can calculate the approximate volume of liquid in the chamber (e.g., if the container  7300  is full of liquid, it may take X seconds for the sensed temperature to change, but if the container  7300  is half-full of liquid, it may take Y seconds for the sensed temperature to change). Though such algorithms are described in connection with the container  7300 , one of skill in the art will recognize that such algorithms can be implemented or use by the control circuitry of the containers  5000 - 7200 ,  7400 - 7700 , and other containers disclosed herein. 
     The sensed temperature can be communicated to the control circuitry  7380 , which can then adjust the amount of power supplied to the one or more heating elements  7340  based on the sensed temperature (e.g., the control circuitry can reduce power to the one or more heating elements  7340  as the desired temperature for the liquid is approached). Additionally, the control circuitry  7380  can control the operation of the one or more heating elements  7340  based on preselected temperature (e.g., user selected temperature, such as one provided by the user directly via a user interface (e.g., similar to movable sidewall  5039  in  FIG.  50   ) on the module  7390 , or wirelessly via a tablet or smartphone app), or based on a predetermined temperature set point (e.g., temperature set point saved into a memory of the control circuitry  7380 , either by a user, such as via a tablet or smartphone app, or at the factory during manufacture). The control circuitry  7380  can advantageously control the amount of power supplied to the one or more heating elements  7340  to prevent the temperature of the liquid from increasing above the predetermined or preselected temperature. For example, in one embodiment, the control circuitry  7380  can include a temperature sensitive switch, which can open if the sensed temperature of the liquid in the container  7300  increases above a temperature set point, thereby cutting off power supply to the one or more heating elements  7340 . 
     With continued reference to  FIG.  73   , a charging assembly  7400  can be provided for charging the module  7390 . The charging assembly  7400  can have a charging plate  7410  with one or more recesses  7420  into which a bottom portion of the module  7390  can be placed so that a corresponding electrical contact on a charging base  7396  of the module  7390  contacts an electrical contact  7430  of the charging plate  7410 . In one embodiment, the electrical contact  7430  can be circular, though other shapes are possible. In one embodiment, the electrical contact  7430  is gold plated. The illustrated embodiment shows the charging plate  7410  with two recesses  7420  and two electrical contacts  7430  to charge two separate modules  7390  at the same time. However, in other embodiments, the charging plate  7410  can have a single recess  7420  and single electrical contact  7430 . The charging plate  7410  can connect via an electrical cord  7440  to an electrical connector  7450 . In the illustrated embodiment, the electrical connector  7450  is a wall connector for connecting to AC power. In other embodiments, the electrical connector  7450  can be a connector for connecting to DC power, such as to a car charger. In still another embodiment, the electrical connector  7450  can be a USB connector that allows the electrical cord to be connected to a computer, portable battery, or to a separate wall connector for connecting to a wall outlet. 
       FIGS.  74 A- 74 B  show a cross-sectional view and sectional view of portions of the container  7300 . As discussed above, the bottom wall  7336  can be coupled or otherwise embedded in a bottom of the container  7300 . In the illustrated embodiment, the bottom wall  7336  is made of metal and molded into a bottom surface of the container  7300  so that the bottom wall  7336  is circumscribed by, or held in place by, a bottom rim  7331 . As shown in  FIGS.  74 A- 74 B , the bottom wall  7336  extends below a bottom edge of the outer sidewall  7330 . 
     With continued reference to  FIGS.  74 A- 74 B , the one or more magnets  7392  on the module  7390  can be a donut shaped or annular in shape. In the illustrated embodiment, the one or more heating elements  7340  is disposed at the center of the module  7390  and radially spaced apart from the magnet  7392 . One or more temperature sensors  7393  can optionally be located on a perimeter of the module  7390  and spaced radially apart from the one or more heating elements  7340  to facilitate sensing of temperature of the liquid in the container  7300  while inhibiting the sensing of the temperature of the one or more heating elements  7340 . 
     As shown in  FIGS.  74 A-B , the charging base  7396  of the module  7390  can have an electrical contact  7398  that corresponds in shape with the electrical contact  7430  on the charging plate  7410 . In some embodiments, the charging base  7396  can optionally include one or more weight sensors that communicate with the control circuitry  7380  and, using one or more algorithms stored in a memory of the control circuitry  7380 , can measure the level or volume of liquid in the container  7300 , and keep track of consumption of liquid (e.g., by correlating sensed weight with liquid volume using said algorithms). 
     As shown in  FIGS.  76 A- 76 C , the charging base  7396  of the module  7390  can have an electrical contact  7398  that is annular or donut shaped and surrounds a base surface  7399 . In the illustrated embodiment, the module  7390  can be decoupled from the container  7300  by rotating R the module  7390  relative to the container  7300 . Requiring such rotation R for decoupling of the module  7390  from the container  7300  can provide further child proofing of the system to prevent the module  7390  from inadvertently decoupling from the container  75300  during use by the infant or baby. 
     Though the features disclosed, including the charging assembly  7400 , above may be described in connection with the container  7300 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 7200 ,  7400 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIGS.  77 A- 77 C  illustrates an embodiment of a drinkware container  7500  (hereinafter “container  7500 ”). In the illustrated embodiment, the drinkware container  7500  is in the form of a baby or infant bottle. Some of the features of the container  7500  are similar to features in the container  7300  in  FIG.  73   . Thus, references numerals used to designate the various components of the container  7500  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  7300  in  FIG.  73   , except that the reference numerals of the container  7500  begin with “75” instead of “73”. Therefore, the structure and description for the various components of the container  7300  in  FIG.  73    is understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  7500  in  FIGS.  77 A- 77 C , except as described below. 
     The illustrated embodiment differs from the embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  73    only in that the module  7590  includes one or more buttons  7594  that a user can press to release the coupling between the module  7590  and the container  7500 . For example, pressing the buttons  7594  can optionally actuate the control circuitry in the module  7590  to change the polarity of the one or more magnets so that they provide a repelling force, instead or an attracting force, relative to the container  7500 . In another embodiment, pushing the buttons  7594  mechanically decouples the magnets on the module  7590  from the bottom wall of the container  7500 . The use of such buttons  7594  can provide further child proofing of the system to prevent the module  7590  from inadvertently decoupling from the container  7500  during use by the infant or baby. 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  7500 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 7400 ,  7600 - 7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIGS.  78 A- 78 B  illustrate an embodiment of a drinkware container  7600  (hereinafter “container  7600 ”). In the illustrated embodiment, the drinkware container  7600  is in the form of a baby or infant bottle. Some of the features of the container  7600  are similar to features in the container  7300  in  FIG.  73   . Thus, references numerals used to designate the various components of the container  7600  are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the container  7300  in  FIG.  73   , except that the reference numerals of the container  7600  begin with “76” instead of “73”. Therefore, the structure and description for the various components of the container  7300  in  FIG.  73    is understood to apply to the corresponding components of the container  7600  in  FIGS.  76 A- 76 B , except as described below. 
     The illustrated embodiment differs from the embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  73    in that the module  7690  has a twist lock mechanism including protrusions or tabs  7692  that can engage corresponding slots or grooves on the container  7600 . Additionally, the module  7690  has electrical contacts  7694 , as shown on  FIG.  78 B , configured to connect to corresponding contacts on the container  7600  to connect with sensor strip  7693  that extends along at least a portion of a height of the container  7600  to sense one or more parameters (e.g., liquid level, temperature, etc.) of the liquid in the container  7600 . Said sensed parameter information is communicated to the control circuitry  7680  via the electrical connection  7694 . In addition, the module  7690  includes electrical contacts  7698  on a bottom surface of the module  7690  for contacting a corresponding electrical contact on a charging plate, such as the charging plate  7410  discussed above. 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  7600 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 7500 ,  7700 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIGS.  79 A- 79 B  illustrate an embodiment of a drinkware container  7700  (hereinafter “container  7700 ”). In the illustrated embodiment, the drinkware container  7700  is in the form of a baby or infant bottle. However, the container  7700  can have other forms, e.g. a sippy cup. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the container  7700  has an outer wall  7730  and bottom wall  7736  made of plastic, glass or other conventional material used for, e.g., baby bottles, and define a chamber  7715  therebetween for holding a liquid (e.g., milk). A cap  7720  can couple to the top of the container  7700 , and a connector  7797  can be held in place on top of the container  7700  by the cap  7720 . In the illustrated embodiment, the connector  7797  can be a nipple (e.g., made of rubber, silicone, or other common material used in baby bottle nipples). In another embodiment, the connector  7797  can be similar to a drinking spout in a sippy cup. 
     A module  7790  can be inserted into the container  7700  and held in place by the cap  7720 . The module  7790  can have a sensor strip  7793  that extends along at least a portion of the module  7790 , and at least one heating element  7740  that can be disposed within the chamber  7715  and can heat the liquid in the chamber  7715 . The at least one heating element  7740  can be activated as soon as it&#39;s inserted into the chamber  7715  (e.g., by sensing contact with a liquid. Alternatively, the heating element  7740  can be activated based on user input (e.g., via an interface of the module  7790  or wirelessly). Though the discussion in this paragraph refers to one or more heating elements  7740 , one of skill in the art will recognize that this can also apply to one or more cooling elements or one or more heating or cooling elements (e.g., thermoelectric elements), and that this disclosure is meant to apply to all these options for the container  7700 . 
     The module  7790  can further have one or more power storage elements  7760  and a control circuitry  7780 . A rim  7795  of the module  7790  can rest on the rim (not shown) of the container  7700  when in use. The rim  7795  can include charging contacts  7798  that can contact corresponding electrical contacts on a charging assembly (not shown) when the power storage elements  7760  are charged. One or more passages between the rim  7795  of the module  7790  and the heating element  7740  allow for flow of liquid to pass along flow path F and into the connector  7797  for consumption. Therefore, the module  7790  can be left in place in the container  7700  while the infant or baby consumes the contents of the container  7700 . Alternatively, the module  7790  can be removed from within the chamber  7715  and the cap  7720  and connector  7797  reattached to the container  7700  before the liquid is consumed by the infant or baby. 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  7700 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the portable liquid containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  5000 - 7600 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
       FIG.  44    above shows a block diagram of a communication system for any of the drinkware containers described herein. In the illustrated embodiment, the electronic module EM (such as the electronic module disclosed herein for the drinkware containers) can receive sensed information from one or more sensors S 1 -Sn (e.g., liquid level sensors, liquid volume sensors, temperature sensors, battery charge sensors, capacitance sensors, tilt sensors or gyroscopes). The electronic module EM can also receive information from and transmit information (e.g., instructions) to one or more heating elements HC (e.g., to operate each of the heating elements in a heating mode, turn off, turn on, vary power output of, etc.) and optionally to one or more power storage devices PS (e.g., batteries, such as to charge the batteries or manage the power provided by the batteries to the one or more heating or cooling elements). The electronic module EM can also communicate with a wireless power transmitter WPT (e.g., an inductive power transmitter) on the drinkware container. The electronic module EM can also communicate with (e.g., transmit information to and receive information, such as user instructions from, a user interface UI 1  on the unit (e.g., on the body of the drinkware container). The electronic module EM can also communicate with an electronic device ED (e.g., a mobile electronic device such as a mobile phone, PDA, tablet computer, laptop computer, electronic watch; or a desktop computer) via the cloud CL or via a wireless communication system such as BLUETOOTH® BT. The electronic device ED can have a user interface UI 2 , that can display information associated with the operation of the drinkware container (as disclosed herein), and that can receive information (e.g., instructions) from a user and communicate said information to the drinkware container (as disclosed herein). 
     The term “electronic module” is meant to refer to electronics generally. Furthermore, the term “electronic module” should not be interpreted to require that the electronics be all in one physical location or connected to one single printed circuit board (PCB). One of skill in the art will recognize that the electronic module or electronics disclosed herein can be in one or more (e.g., plurality) of separate parts (coupled to one or a plurality of PCBs) and/or located in different physical locations of the body of the drinkware container, as disclosed herein. That is, the electronic module or electronics can have different form factors. 
     Food Container 
       FIGS.  80 - 81    show one embodiment of a food container  7800  (e.g., a lunch box, a soup container). The container  7800  can have a cover or lid  7810  that can optionally be insulated and can cover a body  7820 . The body  7820  can define a chamber or cavity  7830  that can hold one or more foodstuffs (e.g., directly or in separate packages, such as Tupperware®, sandwich bags, etc.). Though the illustrated embodiment shows the container  7800  having one chamber  7830 , in other embodiments, the container  7800  can have multiple chambers. The chamber  7830  can be defined between sidewalls  7822  and a base  7824 . The sidewalls  7822  can optionally be insulated (e.g., vacuum insulated) to keep the foodstuff warm or cold for a longer period of time. In one embodiment, the container  7800  is generally square or rectangular in shape. In another embodiment, the container  7800  is generally cylindrical in shape. As used herein, the term “food”, “foodstuff” or “foodstuffs” includes any substance, whether solid or liquid, that can be eaten or drunk by an individual (e.g., water, juice, milk, soup, sandwiches, meats, vegetables, cheeses, fruits, nuts), for example as part of a meal. As used herein “beverage” in understood to mean any consumable liquid (e.g., water, coffee, tea, soup, hot chocolate, etc.). Also, the drinkware or beverage containers disclosed herein are understood to also receive solid or semi-solid, or blended food. 
     The body  7820  can have a bottom chamber or cavity  7835  defined below the base  7824 . The bottom chamber  7835  can house an temperature control system  7840  that can include one or more heating or cooling elements  7846  (e.g., one or more of a heating elements such as resistive heaters, a cooling elements such as a phase change material or heat sink, heating/cooling elements such as thermoelectric heaters or Peltier elements, or any combination thereof) in thermal communication with one or both of the base  7824  and sidewalls  7822 . The body  7820  can optionally have one or more power storage elements  7844  electrically connected to the one or more heating or cooling elements  7846 , and optionally have control circuitry  7850 . In one embodiment, the bottom chamber  7835  can also include an insulative layer  7842  between the one or more heating or cooling elements  7846  and the rest of the electronics (e.g. power storage elements  7844  and control circuitry  7850 ) to thermally isolate the one or more heating or cooling elements  7846  from the electronics. 
     The temperature control system  7840  in one embodiment is an active temperature control system that can advantageously operate during at least a period of time (e.g., a portion of the period of time) during which the food container  7800  is used. Accordingly, the term “active”, as used herein, is not limited to continuous operation of the temperature control system  7840 . As used herein, heat transfer encompasses a heating, as well as a cooling, process. Therefore, a “heat transfer element” as used herein is an element that can effect a heating or a cooling process. 
     The control circuitry  7850  can optionally include one or more printed circuit boards (PCBs)  7852 , a timer  7854 , and a wireless communication module  7856  (e.g., BLUETOOTH®). In one embodiment, the one or more power storage elements  7844  can be rechargeable. In one embodiment, the body  7820  can have a removable bottom cover (not shown) that can be removed to access the electronics in the bottom chamber  7835 , such as to replace the one or more power storage elements  7844 . In another embodiment, the bottom chamber  7835  can be sealed and the one or more power storage elements  7844  can be charged, for example, via induction, using a charging base on which the food container  7800  can be placed. 
     The control circuitry  7850  can advantageously communicate (e.g., using BLUETOOTH®) with a remote electronic device (e.g., smart phone, smart watch, tablet computer, laptop computer) via which the user can control the operation of the food container  7800 . For example, the user can control the start time and stop time of the heating process (or cooling process) for the foodstuff in the container  7800  via the remote electronic device. In another embodiment, the timer  7854  can be preset (e.g., via a user interface on the container  7800  or via the remote electronic device) to begin the heating process (or cooling process) at a certain time. For example, parents can preset the timer  7854  to coincide with their children&#39;s school lunch period. In one embodiment, the control circuitry  7850  can have multiple timers, for example used to control operation of the temperature control system  7840  during multiple meal breaks (e.g., a snack break at 10 AM, and a lunch break at 12 PM). 
     The control circuitry  7850  can include a temperature limiting switch that can limit the temperature to which the foodstuff is heated or cooled, for example, to prevent the overheating of the one or more heating or cooling elements  7846  or the overheating of the foodstuff. The container  7800  can have one or more temperature sensors that can sense a temperature in the chamber  7830  an communicate the sensed temperature to the control circuitry  7850 , which can adjust power to the one or more heating or cooling elements  7846  based at least in part on the sensed temperature information. In one embodiment, the user can input one or more preselected temperatures or temperature ranges (e.g., warm, hot) via the user interface on the container  7800  or via the remote electronic device, and the control circuitry can operate the one or more heating or cooling elements  7846  based on the preselected temperature and the sensed temperature information from the temperature sensor(s) to heat (or cool) the foodstuff to approximately the preselected temperature. For example, one preselected temperature can be for a first meal break (e.g., a snack period) and the second preselected temperature can be for a second meal break (e.g., a lunch period). 
     In one embodiment, the remote electronic device (e.g., smart phone, tablet computer, laptop computer) can utilize and app through which the remote electronic device can control the operation of the temperature control system  7840 , such as via the control circuitry  7850 . For example, a parent can enter a time of day when the user (e.g., child) has a meal break (e.g., at school). The control circuitry  7850  can operate the temperature control system  7840  to heat (or cool) the foodstuff in the container  7800  to the preselected temperature by the time of the meal break. In one embodiment, the control circuitry  7850  can control the temperature control system  7840  to begin heating (or cooling) the foodstuff a predetermined period (e.g., 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes) before the time of the meal break (e.g., using a timer) so that the foodstuff is at the desired temperature once the meal break arrives. In another embodiment, the container  7800  can include one or more sensors that sense a level in the chamber  7830  (e.g., where the foodstuff is soup), and the control circuitry  7850  calculates a heating period based at least in part on a sensed temperature of the foodstuff and a sensed level in the chamber  7830  (or calculated volume in the chamber  7830  based on the sensed level) to determine how long it will take to heat (or cool) the foodstuff to the desired temperature from the sensed temperature (e.g., predetermined period), and controls the operation of the temperature control system  7840  (e.g., controls the start time for operation of the one or more heating or cooling elements  7846 ) based on the predetermined period, so that the foodstuff is at the preselected temperature by the time the meal break arrives. Accordingly, the calculated predetermined period would be longer if the initial state of the foodstuff was at a refrigerated temperature, versus if the initial state of the foodstuff was at room temperature. 
     In one embodiment, the chamber  7830  can have a plurality of separate compartments, some of which can house foodstuff meant to be cooled and other compartments that can house foodstuff meant to be heated. The one or more heating or cooling elements  7846  can include a plurality of heating or cooling elements  7846  where the heating or cooling elements  7846  under the cooling compartments can advantageously be operated (by the control circuitry  7850 ) to cool the compartment and the heating or cooling elements  7846  under the heating compartments can advantageously be operated (by the control circuitry) to heat the compartments to thereby cool and heat the foodstuff in those compartments, respectively. In this manner, the user and enjoy their food at the desired temperature or temperature range (e.g., cold, cool, warm, hot). 
     In one embodiment, an outer surface  7821  of the body  7820  and/or an outer surface  7811  of the cover  7810  can have an electronic ink outer shell to display custom logos or skins to personalize the food container  7800 . In one embodiment, the electronic ink shells can be electrically connected to one or more of the control circuitry  7850  and one or more power storage elements  7844  and wireless communication module  7856 . The user can change the skin or logo on the electronic ink shells via the remote electronic device (which can be wirelessly paired with the food container  7800  via the wireless communication module  7856 ). In one embodiment, the user can purchase skins via an app through their remote electronic device, and select the desired skin for display on the electronic ink shell of the food container  7800 . 
     In another embodiment, the container  7800  can exclude the control circuitry  7850  and power storage elements  7844 , and the temperature control system  7840  can include a passive heating or cooling element  7846  (e.g., a phase change material) that can heat or cool the foodstuff. 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the container  7800 , one of skill in the art will recognize that any of the features described in this embodiment can also apply to any of the containers disclosed herein (e.g.,  400 ,  600 ,  1500 ,  1600 ,  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2800 ,  5000 - 7600 ), drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ,  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , carafe, bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Recirculation and/or Mixing 
       FIG.  82    shows a drinkware container  400 A. The drinkware container  400 A can have any of the form factors disclosed herein (e.g., cup or mug, travel mug, infant bottle, liquid container) and the structure and features of any drinkware containers described herein (e.g., cup or mug  400 , travel mug  600 , liquid container LC-L 7 ,  1600 ,  5000 - 6100 , infant bottle,  6200 - 7300 ,  7300 A,  7500 ,  7600 ) can be combined with the features described below for the drinkware container  400 A. 
     The drinkware container  400 A has a circumferential wall  412 A and a base  420 , a cavity or chamber  418 A defined by the circumferential wall  412 A and the base  420 . In one example, the circumferential wall  412 A can include an inner sidewall  412 A 1  and an outer sidewall  412 A 2  spaced from the inner sidewall  412 A 1  so that the drinkware container  400 A is double walled, the inner sidewall  42 A 1  being adjacent the chamber  418 A. A gap between inner sidewall  412 A 1  and outer sidewall  412 A 2  can optionally be under vacuum, or filled with air, or filled with an insulating material, so that the circumferential wall  412 A is insulated. 
     The drinkware container  400 A has one or more heating or cooling elements  460 A in thermal communication with the base  420 A. In the illustrated example, the drinkware container  400 A has a heating element  460 A 1  surrounded by an unheated portion or a cooling element  460 A 2 . Optionally, the heating element  460 A 1  can be aligned with a center of the base  420 A. the heating element  460 A 1  is operable to heat the adjacent portion of the base  420 A to heat liquid in the chamber  418 A adjacent said portion of the base  420 A. Where the portion surrounding the heating element  460 A 1  is an unheated portion  460 A 2 , said portion transfers no heat to the liquid in the chamber  418 A. Where a cooling element  460 A 2  surrounds the heating element  460 A 1 , the cooling element  460 A 2  is operable to cool the adjacent portion of the base  420 A to cool liquid in the chamber  418 A adjacent said portion of the base  420 A. 
     In operation, the heating element  460 A 1  provides a heating spot for the base  420 A that heats liquid above the base  420 A aligned with the heating element  460 A 1 , decreasing the local density of said liquid. The lower density (e.g., lighter) liquid rises in the chamber  418 A due to buoyancy, creating a convection current and inducing recirculation C which facilitates (e.g., aids in, makes easier) mixing of the liquid in the chamber  418 A. As the rising liquid loses heat to the surrounding liquid, its density increases and the colder liquid sinks down toward the base  420 A, displacing higher density liquid adjacent the base  420 A (e.g., adjacent the unheated portion  460 A 2  or cooling element  460 A 2 ). 
     Advantageously, the resulting bulk motion of the liquid due to the induced recirculation C diffuses temperature throughout the liquid volume in the chamber  418 A (e.g., the recirculation C induces mixing of the liquid in the chamber  418 A that reduces temperature stratification of the liquid volume in the chamber  418 A, thereby causing the temperature throughout the liquid volume in the chamber  418 A approach or achieve a uniform temperature). The heat input by the heating element  460 A 1  can be continuous or pulsed (e.g., by continuously operating or intermittently operating the heating element  460 A 1 ), depending on the temperature stratification (which can be measured with one or more temperature sensors of the drinkware container  400 A, such as temperature sensors at various vertical locations of the drinkware container  400 A). Advantageously, the amount of heat added by the heating element  460 A 1  can be small enough and regulated so that there is no significant rise in the bulk temperature of the liquid in the chamber  418 A. The location of the heating element  460 A 1  and/or amount of heating provided by it is optimized so that the induced convection (e.g., induced recirculation C) is strong enough and sustained without adding too much heat to the liquid. 
       FIG.  83    shows a drinkware container  400 B. The drinkware container  400 B can have any of the form factors disclosed herein (e.g., cup or mug, travel mug, infant bottle, liquid container) and the structure and features of any drinkware containers described herein (e.g., cup or mug  400 , travel mug  600 , liquid container LC-L 7 ,  1600 ,  5000 - 6100 , infant bottle,  6200 - 7300 ,  7300 A,  7500 ,  7600 ) can be combined with the features described below for the drinkware container  400 B. Some of the features of the drinkware container  400 B are similar to features of the drinkware container  400 A in  FIG.  82   . Thus, reference numerals used to designate the various components of the drinkware container  400 B are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the drinkware container  400 A in  FIG.  82   , except that a “B” instead of an “A” has been added to the numerical identifier. Therefore, the structure and description for the various features of the drinkware container  400 A and how it&#39;s operated and controlled in  FIG.  82    are understood to also apply to the corresponding features of the drinkware container  400 B in  FIG.  83   , except as described below. 
     The drinkware container  400 B differs from the drinkware container  400 A in that the one or more heating or cooling elements  460 B include a cooling element  460 B 2  surrounded by a heating or cooling element  460 B 1 . The heating or cooling element  460 B 1  is in thermal communication with the base  420 B and operable to heat or cool adjacent portions of the base  420 B to thereby heat or cool liquid in the chamber  418 B adjacent said portions of the base  420 B to reduce or increase (change in density effectively) the density of said liquid and cause it to rise (or fall) within the liquid volume in the chamber  418 B. The cooling element  460 B 2  protrudes above the base  420 B and into the chamber  418 B. In the illustrated example, the cooling element  460 B 2  has a cone shape. However, the cooling element  460 B 2  can have other suitable form factors, such as cylindrical. The cooling element  460 B 2  is operable to cool liquid in the chamber  418 B adjacent the cooling element  460 B 2  to increase the density of said liquid and cause it to sink within the liquid volume in the chamber  418 B and toward the base  420 B, where it displaces liquid adjacent the base  420 B. Advantageously, the added surface area provided by the cooling element  460 B 2  (e.g., cone shaped cooling element) for extracting heat from liquid facilitates (e.g., makes easier, aids) a recirculation motion C in the chamber  418 B. Colder liquid along the surface (e.g. inclined surface) of the cooling element  460 B 2  displaces liquid at the bottom of the chamber  418 B (e.g., adjacent the base  420 B), to induce the recirculation motion C and mixing or convection of the liquid in the chamber  418 B. Advantageously, such recirculation motion C diffuses temperature throughout the liquid volume in the chamber  418 B (e.g., the recirculation C induces mixing of the liquid in the chamber  418 B that reduces temperature stratification of the liquid volume in the chamber  418 B, thereby causing the temperature throughout the liquid volume in the chamber  418 B approach or achieve a uniform temperature). 
       FIG.  84 A  shows a drinkware container  400 C. The drinkware container  400 C can have any of the form factors disclosed herein (e.g., cup or mug, travel mug, infant bottle, liquid container) and the structure and features of any drinkware containers described herein (e.g., cup or mug  400 , travel mug  600 , liquid container LC-L 7 ,  1600 ,  5000 - 6100 , infant bottle,  6200 - 7300 ,  7300 A,  7500 ,  7600 ) can be combined with the features described below for the drinkware container  400 C. 
     The drinkware container  400 C has a circumferential wall  412 C and a base (not shown) that define a chamber of the drinkware container  400 C that can receive and hold a liquid. Though not shown, the circumferential wall  412 C can be a double-walled structure with an inner sidewall and an outer sidewall (e.g., that is spaced from the inner sidewall). The drinkware container has one or more heating or cooling elements  460 C. The heating or cooling elements  460 C can include one or more heat spreaders or heat pipes  460 C 1  extending along at least a portion of the height of the drinkware container  400 C. The heat spreader(s) or heat pipe(s)  460 C 1  can be made of metal (e.g., copper) and/or have high thermal conductivity. The heat spreader(s) or heat pipe(s)  460 C 1  can be disposed on an outer surface of the circumferential wall  412 A (e.g., on the outer sidewall), or where circumferential wall  412 C is a double-walled structure the heat spreader(s) or heat pipe(s)  460 C 1  can be located adjacent an outer surface of the inner sidewall. The one or more heating or cooling elements  460 C can also include additional heating or cooling elements (not shown) in thermal communication with the base to heat or cool the base (and can have similar structure disclosed above for drinkware containers). 
     In operation, the heat spreader(s) or heat pipe(s)  460 C 1  can be in connection with a cooling element to cool liquid in the chamber aligned with or proximate the heat spreader(s) or heat pipe(s)  460 C 1 . The high thermal conductivity of the heat spreader(s) or heat pipe(s)  460 C 1  can allow them to cool liquid evenly along a vertical direction of the drinkware container  400 C. Such cooling can cause the liquid to increase in density and sink toward the base of the chamber, displacing liquid near the base and inducing recirculation in the chamber. Such recirculation can advantageously diffuse temperature throughout the liquid volume in the chamber (e.g., the recirculation reduces temperature stratification of the liquid volume in the chamber, such as by reducing a temperature differential between an upper portion of the chamber and a lower portion of the chamber proximate the base, thereby causing the temperature throughout the liquid volume in the chamber approach or achieve a uniform temperature). 
       FIG.  84 B  shows a drinkware container  400 D. The drinkware container  400 D can have any of the form factors disclosed herein (e.g., cup or mug, travel mug, infant bottle, liquid container) and the structure and features of any drinkware containers described herein (e.g., cup or mug  400 , travel mug  600 , liquid container LC-L 7 ,  1600 ,  5000 - 6100 , infant bottle,  6200 - 7300 ,  7300 A,  7500 ,  7600 ) can be combined with the features described below for the drinkware container  400 D. Some of the features of the drinkware container  400 D are similar to features of the drinkware container  400 C in  FIG.  84 A . Thus, reference numerals used to designate the various components of the drinkware container  400 D are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the drinkware container  400 C in  FIG.  84 A , except that a “D” instead of a “C” has been added to the numerical identifier. Therefore, the structure and description for the various features of the drinkware container  400 C and how it&#39;s operated and controlled in  FIG.  84 A  are understood to also apply to the corresponding features of the drinkware container  400 D in  FIG.  84 B , except as described below. The drinkware container  400 D differs from the drinkware container  400 C in that the one or more heating or cooling elements  460 D includes one or more heat spreaders or heat pipes  460 D 1  are embedded in the circumferential wall  412 D. 
       FIG.  85    shows a drinkware container  400 E. The drinkware container  400 E can have any of the form factors disclosed herein (e.g., cup or mug, travel mug, infant bottle, liquid container) and the structure and features of any drinkware containers described herein (e.g., cup or mug  400 , travel mug  600 , liquid container LC-L 7 ,  1600 ,  5000 - 6100 , infant bottle,  6200 - 7300 ,  7300 A,  7500 ,  7600 ) can be combined with the features described below for the drinkware container  400 D. Some of the features of the drinkware container  400 E are similar to features of the drinkware container  400 A in  FIG.  82   . Thus, reference numerals used to designate the various components of the drinkware container  400 E are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the drinkware container  400 A in  FIG.  82   , except that an “E” instead of an “A” has been added to the numerical identifier. Therefore, the structure and description for the various features of the drinkware container  400 A and how it&#39;s operated and controlled in  FIG.  82    are understood to also apply to the corresponding features of the drinkware container  400 E in  FIG.  85   , except as described below. 
     The drinkware container  400 E differs from the drinkware container  400 A in that instead of the heating element  460 A 1  it has a shaft  422 E that protrudes from the base  420 E and extends into the liquid volume in the chamber  418 E. The shaft  422 E is driven by a motor  423 E to rotate R within the liquid volume in the chamber  418 E. Advantageously, rotation of the shaft  422 E applies a shear force on the liquid adjacent the shaft  422 E, so that rotation of the shaft  422 E moves the liquid adjacent the shaft  422 E. The resulting bulk motion of the liquid (e.g., over time) advantageously diffuses temperature throughout the liquid volume in the chamber  418 E (e.g., the rotation R of the shaft  422 E and resultant liquid movement induce mixing of the liquid in the chamber  418 E that reduces temperature stratification of the liquid volume in the chamber  418 E, thereby causing the temperature throughout the liquid volume in the chamber  418 E approach or achieve a uniform temperature). The shaft  422 E can have any suitable shape (e.g., can have a shape other than cylindrical) and can be optimized to create higher levels of sustained turbulence in the liquid volume in the chamber  418 E. 
       FIG.  86    shows a drinkware container  400 F. The drinkware container  400 F can have any of the form factors disclosed herein (e.g., cup or mug, travel mug, infant bottle, liquid container) and the structure and features of any drinkware containers described herein (e.g., cup or mug  400 , travel mug  600 , liquid container LC-L 7 ,  1600 ,  5000 - 6100 , infant bottle,  6200 - 7300 ,  7300 A,  7500 ,  7600 ) can be combined with the features described below for the drinkware container  400 F. Some of the features of the drinkware container  400 F are similar to features of the drinkware container  400 E in  FIG.  85   . Thus, reference numerals used to designate the various components of the drinkware container  400 F are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the drinkware container  400 E in  FIG.  85   , except that an “F” instead of an “E” has been added to the numerical identifier. Therefore, the structure and description for the various features of the drinkware container  400 E and how it&#39;s operated and controlled in  FIG.  85    are understood to also apply to the corresponding features of the drinkware container  400 F in  FIG.  86   , except as described below. 
     The drinkware container  400 F differs from the drinkware container  400 E in that instead of a rotatable shaft  422 E it has a rotatable disc  422 F driven by a motor  423 F to rotate R. Advantageously, rotation of the disc  422 F applies a shear force on the liquid adjacent the disc  422 F, so that rotation of the disc  422 F moves the liquid adjacent the disc  422 F. The resulting bulk motion of the liquid (e.g., over time) advantageously diffuses temperature throughout the liquid volume in the chamber  418 F (e.g., the rotation R of the disc  422 F and resultant liquid movement induces mixing of the liquid in the chamber  418 F that reduces temperature stratification of the liquid volume in the chamber  418 F, thereby causing the temperature throughout the liquid volume in the chamber  418 F approach or achieve a uniform temperature). 
       FIG.  87    shows a drinkware container  400 G. The drinkware container  400 G can have any of the form factors disclosed herein (e.g., cup or mug, travel mug, infant bottle, liquid container) and the structure and features of any drinkware containers described herein (e.g., cup or mug  400 , travel mug  600 , liquid container LC-L 7 ,  1600 ,  5000 - 6100 , infant bottle,  6200 - 7300 ,  7300 A,  7500 ,  7600 ) can be combined with the features described below for the drinkware container  400 G. Some of the features of the drinkware container  400 G are similar to features of the drinkware container  400 E in  FIG.  85   . Thus, reference numerals used to designate the various components of the drinkware container  400 G are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the drinkware container  400 E in  FIG.  85   , except that a “G” instead of an “E” has been added to the numerical identifier. Therefore, the structure and description for the various features of the drinkware container  400 E and how it&#39;s operated and controlled in  FIG.  85    are understood to also apply to the corresponding features of the drinkware container  400 G in  FIG.  87   , except as described below. 
     The drinkware container  400 G differs from the drinkware container  400 E in that instead of a rotatable shaft  422 E it has a translating plunger  422 G driven by a motor  423 G via a shaft  424 G, the plunger  422 G operable to move between a position adjacent or in line (e.g., flush) with the base  420 G and a position above (e.g., spaced from) the base  420 G. The translating motion of the plunger  422 G causes tip vortices V to be shed from the plunger  422 G due to fluid shearing along the surface of the moving plunger  422 G. 
     The vortices V can be coherent turbulent structures and can be varied (e.g. optimized) by varying the diameter and/or the frequency of the translating plunger  422 G. The vortices V or turbulent structures can travel within the liquid volume in the chamber  481 G, advantageously resulting in mixing of the liquid in the chamber  418 G, which diffuses temperature throughout the liquid volume in the chamber  418 G (e.g., the translation of the plunger  422 G and resultant shedding of vortices V induces mixing of the liquid in the chamber  418 G that reduces temperature stratification of the liquid volume in the chamber  418 G, thereby causing the temperature throughout the liquid volume in the chamber  418 G approach or achieve a uniform temperature). In one implementation, the plunger  422 G can be flush with the base  420 G or sub-flush when inactive (e.g., a default position when not being translated). In the illustrated implementation, the plunger  422 G is a plate attached to the shaft  424 G that moves relative to the base  420 G. In another example, the plunger  422 G is a flexible (e.g., elastic, resilient) diaphragm that is attached to the base  420 G (e.g., flush with the surface of the base  420 G) and the shaft  424 G is moved up and down relative to the base  420 G to press/deflect the diaphragm into a space above the base  420 G to generate the vortices V. In some examples, the motor  423 G can also drive a fan used to cool a hot side heat sink (e.g., where the one or more heating or cooling elements  460 G are Peltier elements coupled to a hot side heat sink), the motor  423 G coupled to the shaft  424 G via, for example, a cam or gear mechanism. 
       FIG.  88    shows a partial view of a drinkware container  400 H. The drinkware container  400 H can have any of the form factors disclosed herein (e.g., cup or mug, travel mug, infant bottle, liquid container) and the structure and features of any drinkware containers described herein (e.g., cup or mug  400 , travel mug  600 , liquid container LC-L 7 ,  1600 ,  5000 - 6100 , infant bottle,  6200 - 7300 ,  7300 A,  7500 ,  7600 ) can be combined with the features described below for the drinkware container  400 H. Some of the features of the drinkware container  400 H are similar to features of the drinkware container  400 E in  FIG.  85   . Thus, reference numerals used to designate the various components of the drinkware container  400 H are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the drinkware container  400 E in  FIG.  85   , except that an “H” instead of an “E” has been added to the numerical identifier. Therefore, the structure and description for the various features of the drinkware container  400 E and how it&#39;s operated and controlled in  FIG.  85    are understood to also apply to the corresponding features of the drinkware container  400 H in  FIG.  88   , except as described below. 
     The drinkware container  400 H differs from the drinkware container  400 E in that instead of a rotatable shaft  422 E it has one or more (e.g., two) vibration or magnetic elements  422 H. When vibration elements  422 H are used, they can create pressure waves inside the liquid volume in the chamber  418 H using vibration or ultrasonic excitation. The location, number and/or materials of the vibration elements  422 H can be varied (e.g., optimized) to generate a desired excitation of the liquid. Resonance can be used to amplify the resultant agitation in the liquid volume in the chamber  418 H. The excitation frequency can be ultrasonic or in the audible range. When magnetic elements  422 H are used, they can induce agitation of the liquid in the chamber  418 H. For example, water is diamagnetic (weakly repelled by magnets). The magnetic elements  422 H can be used to induce agitation using oscillating magnetic fields (e.g., the magnetic elements  422 H being electromagnets). The location and number of magnetic coils for the magnetic elements  422 H can be varied, for example depending on the geometry of the drinkware container  400 H. 
     The vibration or magnetic elements  422 H advantageously induce mixing of the liquid in the chamber  418 H, which diffuses temperature throughout the liquid volume in the chamber  418 H (e.g., the vibration or magnetic elements  422 H induce mixing of the liquid in the chamber  418 H that reduces temperature stratification of the liquid volume in the chamber  418 H, thereby causing the temperature throughout the liquid volume in the chamber  418 H approach or achieve a uniform temperature). 
       FIGS.  89 A- 89 B  show a drinkware container  400 I. The drinkware container  400 I can have any of the form factors disclosed herein (e.g., cup or mug, travel mug, infant bottle, liquid container) and the structure and features of any drinkware containers described herein (e.g., cup or mug  400 , travel mug  600 , liquid container LC-L 7 ,  1600 ,  5000 - 6100 , infant bottle,  6200 - 7300 ,  7300 A,  7500 ,  7600 ) can be combined with the features described below for the drinkware container  400 I. Some of the features of the drinkware container  400 I are similar to features of the drinkware container  400 E in  FIG.  85   . Thus, reference numerals used to designate the various components of the drinkware container  400 I are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the drinkware container  400 E in  FIG.  85   , except that an “I” instead of an “E” has been added to the numerical identifier. Therefore, the structure and description for the various features of the drinkware container  400 E and how it&#39;s operated and controlled in  FIG.  85    are understood to also apply to the corresponding features of the drinkware container  400 I in  FIGS.  89 A- 89 B , except as described below. 
     The drinkware container  400 I differs from the drinkware container  400 E in that instead of a rotatable shaft  422 E it has a float  422 I connected by a shaft  424 I to the base  420 I via a hinge  425 I so that the float  422 I can pivot (via the hinge  4251 ) relative to the base  420 I. Movement of the float  422 I (e.g., during use of the drinkware container  400 I), such as while tilting the drinkware container  400 I (e.g., during a drinking motion), displaces liquid around the float  422 I in the chamber  418 I and advantageously induces mixing of the liquid in the chamber  418 I, which diffuses temperature throughout the liquid volume in the chamber  418 I (e.g., the movement of the float  422 I in the chamber  418 I induces mixing of the liquid in the chamber  418 H that reduces temperature stratification of the liquid volume in the chamber  418 I, thereby causing the temperature throughout the liquid volume in the chamber  418 I approach or achieve a uniform temperature). 
       FIGS.  90 A- 90 D  show a drinkware container  7300 A. The drinkware container  7300 A is in the form of a baby bottle or infant bottle. However, the features disclosed below for the drinkware container  7300 A can be implemented in any of the form factors disclosed herein (e.g., cup or mug, travel mug, infant bottle, liquid container) that can be actively heated or cooled and one or more portions of the structure of the drinkware container  7300 A can be incorporated into or combined with features of any drinkware containers described herein (e.g., cup or mug  400 , travel mug  600 , liquid container LC-L 7 ,  1600 ,  5000 - 6100 , infant bottle,  6200 - 7300 ,  7500 ,  7600 ). Some of the features of the drinkware container  7300 A are similar to features of the drinkware container  7300  in  FIGS.  73 - 76 C . Thus, reference numerals used to designate the various components of the drinkware container  7300 A are identical to those used for identifying the corresponding components of the drinkware container  7300  in  FIGS.  73 - 76 C , except that an “A” has been added to the numerical identifier. Therefore, the structure and description for the various features of the drinkware container  7300  and how it&#39;s operated and controlled in  FIGS.  73 - 76 C  are understood to also apply to the corresponding features of the drinkware container  7300 A in  FIGS.  90 A- 90 D , except as described below. 
     The drinkware container  7300 A can include a cover  7310 A and a cap  7320 A. The cover  7310 A can optionally be a clear polycarbonate cover. The cap  7320 A can optionally be made of plastic. The drinkware container  7300 A can also include connector  7397 A that extends into the cover  7310 A when the cover  7310 A is disposed over the cap  7320 A. In one example, the connector  7397 A is detachable from the cover  7310 A. In another example, the connector  7397 A and the cover  7310 A are a single piece (e.g., monolithic, seamless). In one example, the connector  7397  is a nipple. The nipple can be of a flexible material (e.g., rubber) such as those used in baby bottles, or can be or a relatively rigid material (e.g., plastic) such as those used in sippy cups. 
     The drinkware container  7300 A includes an upper vessel  7302 A with an outer sidewall  7330 A and a lower vessel  7304 A with an outer sidewall  7305 A that together define a vessel of the drinkware container  7300 A (e.g., define a chamber of the drinkware container  7300 A that can receive and hold a liquid, such as milk or baby formula). The upper vessel  7302 A can optionally be made of clear polycarbonate material. Optionally, a volume scale  7303 A can be included in the outer sidewall  7330 A to indicate a liquid volume amount in the drinkware container  7300 A. The upper vessel  7302 A has a first or upper connector T 1  (e.g., one or more threads T 1 ) and a second or lower connector T 2  (e.g., one or more threads T 2 ) via which the upper vessel  7302 A can removably couple to the cap  7320 A (e.g., via the first or upper connector T 1 ) and to the lower vessel  7304 A (e.g., via the second or lower connector T 2 ). The cap  7320 A can attach to an outer sidewall  7330 A so that it covers the first or upper connector T 1  of the upper vessel  7302 A. The lower vessel  7304 A has a connector T 3  (e.g., one or more threads T 3 ) that couples to the second or lower connector T 2  of the upper vessel  7302 A when the upper vessel  7302 A couples to the lower vessel  7304 A. The upper vessel  7302 A has an upper chamber  7315 A and the lower vessel  7304 A has a lower chamber  7316 A that together define the liquid chamber (e.g., that receives and holds liquid) of the drinkware container  7300 A when the upper vessel  7302 A is coupled to the lower vessel  7304 A. In another implementation the first or upper connector T 1 , the second or lower connector T 2  and the connector T 3  can be a key-lock mechanism (e.g., pin-notch mechanism, ramp-notch mechanism). In another implementation the first or upper connector T 1 , the second or lower connector T 2  and the connector T 3  can be magnets, allowing the user to assembly the drinkware container  7300 A with one hand (e.g., while holding an infant). 
     The lower vessel  7304 A includes a heating or cooling module  7390 A (e.g., a heating module) operable to heat or cool a liquid in the drinkware container  7300 A (e.g., in the chamber of the drinkware container  7300 A) as further discussed below. The lower vessel  7304 A (e.g., the heating or cooling module  7390 A) includes a bottom surface or wall  7336 A (e.g., made of metal or other material with high thermal conductivity) that defines the bottom of the lower chamber  7316 A (and a bottom of the liquid chamber when the upper vessel  7302 A is coupled to the lower vessel  7304 A). The lower vessel  7304 A (e.g., the heating or cooling module  7390 A) optionally includes a probe  7337 A that protrudes from the bottom surface or wall  7336 A and into the lower chamber  7316 A. In one example, the probe  7337 A has a cylindrical shape. However, the probe  7337 A can have other suitable shapes (e.g., a cone or tapered shape). In one example, the probe  7337 A can be hollow (e.g., be a hollow tube). In another implementation, the probe is excluded (e.g., the bottom surface or wall  7336 A defines an entire bottom of the lower chamber  7316 A. 
     The lower vessel  7304 A can have a base  7396 A with one or more (e.g., multiple, two, three) electrical contacts  7398 A that can interface with corresponding electrical contacts in a power or charging base when the drinkware container  7300 A is placed on the power or charging base. Such a power or charging base with electrical contacts can be used to provide power or charge batteries in any drinkware container disclosed herein, as well as to transfer data or instructions between the power or charging base and the drinkware container. The electrical contacts  7398 A can be circular or ring-shaped (e.g., continuous ring) contacts. In one example, the electrical contacts  7398 A include two circular or ring-shaped spaced apart contacts. In another example, the electrical contacts  7398 A include three circular or ring-shaped spaced apart contacts. The electrical contacts  7398 A can surround a center surface  7399 A of the base  7396 A. In one example, the center surface  7399 A can optionally include a button operable (e.g., that can be manually pressed) to do one or more of the following: a) turn on electronics in the lower vessel  7304 A, b) turn off electronics in the lower vessel  7304 A, pair the drinkware container  7300 A with a remote electronic device (e.g., a smartphone, a tablet computer), for example via a wireless communication system (e.g., BLUETOOTH®, Wi-Fi, LTE antenna). In one example, at least one (e.g., two) of the one or more (e.g., two, three) electrical contacts  7398 A are used to communicate power to electronics in the lower vessel  7304 A (e.g., when the drinkware container  7300 A is placed on a power or charging base). In another example, at least one (e.g., one) of the one or more (e.g., three) electrical contacts  7398 A is used to communicate or transfer data from one or more sensors in the drinkware container  7300 A (e.g., when the drinkware container  7300 A is placed on a power or charging base), with at least one (e.g., two) of the one or more (e.g., three) electrical contacts  7398 A are used to communicate power to electronics in the lower vessel  7304 A (e.g., when the drinkware container  7300 A is placed on a power or charging base). Advantageously, the circular or ring-shaped electrical contacts  7398 A allow transfer of data from the drinkware container  7300 A and/or transfer of power to electronics in the drinkware container  7300 A irrespective of the orientation of the drinkware container  7300 A (e.g., the orientation of the drinkware container  7300 A when placed on a power or charging base). In another implementation, the electrical contacts  7398 A are excluded and circuitry in the lower vessel  7304 A instead includes an inductive power receiver via which power is transferred to the lower vessel  7304 A, and the circuitry optionally includes a wireless transmitter to transmit data (e.g., sensed temperature data) from the lower vessel  7304 A. 
     In some implementations, the lower vessel  7304 A (e.g., the base  7396 A) can optionally include one or more weight sensors. The weight sensor(s) can communicate with a control circuitry and, using one or more algorithms stored in a memory of the control circuitry, can measure the level or volume of liquid in the drinkware container  7300 A, and keep track of consumption of liquid (e.g., by correlating sensed weight with liquid volume using said algorithms), as further discussed below. 
       FIGS.  91 - 95    show features of the heating or cooling module  7390 A (e.g., a heating module) that is disposed in the lower vessel  7304 A of the drinkware container  7300 A. However, one or more (e.g., all) of the features disclosed below for the heating or cooling module  7390 A can be implemented in any of the form factors disclosed herein (e.g., cup or mug, travel mug, infant bottle, liquid container) and the structure of the heating or cooling module  7390 A incorporated into or combined with features of any drinkware containers described herein (e.g., cup or mug  400 , travel mug  600 , liquid container LC-L 7 ,  1600 ,  5000 - 6100 , infant bottle,  6200 - 7300 ,  7500 ,  7600 ). In other implementations, the heating or cooling module  7390 A can instead be a cooling module  7390 A or a heating module  7390 A and the heating elements described below can instead be cooling elements or heating or cooling elements (e.g., where thermoelectric elements or Peltier elements are used for heating and/or cooling). 
     The heating or cooling module  7390 A is cup shaped with a circumferential wall  7335 A and the bottom surface or wall  7336 A defining the chamber  7316 A (e.g., lower chamber). The heating or cooling module  7390 A can be made of metal (e.g., stainless steel) or other material with high thermal conductivity. As discussed above, the probe  7337 A extends or protrudes above the bottom surface or wall  7336 A and into the chamber  7316 A (e.g., lower chamber). The heating or cooling module  7390  includes one or more heating or cooling elements  7340 A operable to heat a liquid in the chamber  7316 A (e.g., the lower chamber). 
     With reference to  FIGS.  91 - 93   , the one or more heating or cooling elements  7340 A can include a first or bottom heating or cooling element  7341 A (e.g., a first or bottom heating element, a first or bottom cooling element) and a second or side heating or cooling element  7342 A (e.g., a second or side heating element, a second or side cooling element). The first or bottom heating or cooling element  7341 A and the second or side heating or cooling element  7342 A can be connected to each other and to an electrical connector  7344 A (via which the first or bottom heating or cooling element  7341 A and the second or side heating or cooling element  7342 A connect to at least one of the one or more electrical contacts  7398 A or to circuitry of the drinkware container  7300 A). The first or bottom heating or cooling element  7341 A can be attached to (e.g., adhered to) a surface  7347 A of the heating or cooling module  7390 A opposite (e.g., on an underside of) the bottom surface or wall  7336 A. The second or side heating or cooling element  7342 A can be attached to (e.g., adhered to) a side surface  7343 A opposite (e.g., outward from) the circumferential wall  7335 A. The first or bottom heating or cooling element  7341  can be arc shaped (e.g., extend over a span less than a circle) and the second or side heating or cooling element  7342 A can be linear. In one example, the first or bottom heating or cooling element  7341 A is a first or bottom heating element (e.g., a resistive heater) and the second or side heating or cooling element  7342 A is a second or side heating element (e.g., a resistive heater). 
     The first or bottom heating or cooling element  7341 A can span an angle less than 360 degrees (e.g., the first or bottom heating element  7341 A spans less than a circle). In one example, the first or bottom heating or cooling element  7341 A can span an angle α of between 150 and 300 degrees, such as between about 180 and 270 degrees, or between about 220 and 240 degrees. In one example, the second or side heating or cooling element  7342 A can additionally also span less than 360 degrees once attached to the side surface  7343 A. In one example, the second or side heating or cooling element  7342 A can span the same angle as the first or bottom heating or cooling element  7341 A once they are attached to the surface  7347 A and the side surface  7343 A, respectively. Accordingly, the first or bottom heating or cooling element  7341 A and the second or side heating or cooling element  7342 A, once attached to the surface  7347 A and the side surface  7343 A, respectively, are spaced from each other and operable to heat or cool a portion of the heating or cooling module  7390 A while another portion of the heating or cooling module  7390 A is unheated (e.g., another portion of the surface  7347 A and side surface  7343 A is not heated by the heating or cooling elements  7340 A). That is, the one or more heating or cooling elements  7340 A (e.g., the first or bottom heating or cooling element  7341 A and the second or side heating or cooling element  7342 A) of the heating or cooling module  7390 A provide asymmetric heating or cooling to the liquid in the chamber or lower chamber  1416 A. 
     Advantageously, such asymmetric heating element configuration facilitates (e.g., enables, induces, aids in) the formation of a circulation C current (or recirculation current) within the liquid volume in the chamber  7316 A (or lower chamber, and therefore in the chamber  7315 A+ 7316 A of the drinkware container  7300 A once the upper vessel  7302 A is coupled to the lower vessel  7304 A). Such circulation C current (or recirculation current) advantageously induces mixing of the liquid in the chamber  7316 A (or lower chamber, and therefore in the combined chamber  7315 A+ 7316 A of the drinkware container  7300 A once the upper vessel  7302 A is coupled to the lower vessel  7304 A), which diffuses temperature throughout the liquid volume in the chamber  7316 A (or lower chamber, and therefore in the combined chamber  7315 A+ 7316 A of the drinkware container  7300 A once the upper vessel  7302 A is coupled to the lower vessel  7304 A). That is, the recirculation of liquid in the chamber induces mixing of the liquid in the chamber  7316 A (and therefore the combined chamber  7315 A+ 7316 A) that reduces temperature stratification of the liquid volume in the chamber  7316 A (or lower chamber, and therefore in the combined chamber  7315 A+ 7316 A of the drinkware container  7300 A once the upper vessel  7302 A is coupled to the lower vessel  7304 A, thereby causing the temperature throughout the liquid volume in the chamber  7315 A+ 7316 A approach or achieve a uniform temperature). The strength of the circulation C current (or recirculation current) can be tuned depending on the required heat flux, geometry of the liquid volume and arrangement (e.g., span angle) of the heating or cooling elements (e.g., first or bottom heating element  7341 A and second or side heating element  7342 A) to approximate or achieve uniform heating (or cooling) of the liquid in the chamber (e.g., combined chamber  7315 A+ 7316 A of the drinkware container  7300 A once the upper vessel  7302 A is coupled to the lower vessel  7304 A) while inhibiting (e.g., preventing) over-heating and/or creation of hot spots within the liquid volume in the chamber. 
     With reference to  FIGS.  94 - 96   , the one or more heating or cooling elements  7340 A of the heating or cooling module  7390 A can optionally include a third or probe heater  7345 A that can be attached to a surface  7338 A (e.g. inner surface) within the optional probe  7337 A. The third or probe heater  7345 A can have an electrical connector  7346 A (via which the third or probe heater  7345 A connects to at least one of the one or more electrical contacts  7398 A or to circuitry of the drinkware container  7300 A). The third or probe heater  7345 A is operable to detect a presence of liquid in the chamber  7316 A (or lower chamber, and therefore in the combined chamber  7315 A+ 7316 A of the drinkware container  7300 A once the upper vessel  7302 A is coupled to the lower vessel  7304 A). Additionally or alternatively, the third or probe heater  7345 A is operable to detect a level of liquid in the chamber  7316 A (or lower chamber, and therefore in the combined chamber  7315 A+ 7316 A of the drinkware container  7300 A once the upper vessel  7302 A is coupled to the lower vessel  7304 A). The optional third or probe heater  7345 A can include one or more sensors (e.g., temperature sensors), such as Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistors. In implementations where the probe  7337 A is excluded, the one or more sensors (e.g., NTC 0  to NTC 6 ) can be located in the lower vessel  7304 A adjacent the side surface  7343 A and operated as described above to one or more of: sense a liquid level in the chamber (e.g., the chamber  7315 A+ 7316 A), b) detect a presence of liquid in the chamber (e.g., the chamber  7315 A+ 7316 A) and c) detect a liquid type in the chamber (e.g., the chamber  7315 A+ 7316 A). As shown in  FIG.  95   , the third or probe heater  7345 A can have seven sensors (e.g., temperature sensors) NTC 0  to NTC 6 . In another example, shown in  FIG.  96   , the third or probe heater  7345 A can have six sensors (e.g., temperature sensors) NTC 0  to NTC 5 . In one example, four sensors (e.g., temperature sensors), such as NTC 0 , NTC 1 , NTC 2  and NTC 3  are used to detect a level of liquid in the chamber  7316 A (or lower chamber, and therefore in the combined chamber  7315 A+ 7316 A of the drinkware container  7300 A once the upper vessel  7302 A is coupled to the lower vessel  7304 A). For example, where the liquid level is between the NTC 2  sensor and the NTC 3  sensor, the temperature sensed by NTC 0 , NTC 1  and NTC 2  would be approximately the same and the temperature sensed by NTC 3  would be different (e.g., higher) than that sensed by NTC 0 -NTC 2 . Similarly, where the liquid level is between the NTC 1  sensor and the NTC 2  sensor, the temperature sensed by NTC 0  and NTC 1  would be approximately the same and the temperature sensed by NTC 2  and NTC 3  would be different (e.g., higher) than that sensed by NTC 0 -NTC 1 , and the temperature sensed by NTC 3  would be different (e.g., higher) than that sensed by NTC 2 . In one implementation, sensed liquid level can be used (e.g., by an algorithm, discussed further below, to calculate a volume of liquid in the chamber ( 7315 A+ 7316 A) of the drinkware container  7300 A (e.g., chamber  7316 A of the lower vessel  7304 A), which can be used to track a volume consumed by a user (e.g., amount of milk or formula consumed by an infant), such as by comparing a starting liquid level or volume with an end liquid level or volume. 
     Optionally, one of the four sensors (e.g., temperature sensors), such as NTC 0  can be used to detect the presence of liquid in the chamber  7316 A (or lower chamber, and therefore in the combined chamber  7315 A+ 7316 A of the drinkware container  7300 A once the upper vessel  7302 A is coupled to the lower vessel  7304 A). For example, if the temperature sensed by the NTC 0  sensor is lower than that sensed by the rest of the sensors (NTC 1 -NTC 3 ) and/or has a different profile, then a liquid presence is detected. Alternatively, if the temperature sensed by the NTC 0  sensor is higher than that sensed by one or more of the rest of the sensors (NTC 1 -NTC 3 ) and/or has approximately the same profile, then a liquid presence is not detected. 
     In one example, remaining sensors (e.g., temperature sensors), such as NTC 4 -NTC 5  in  FIG.  96    or NTC 4 -NTC 6  in  FIG.  95    can be used for safety (e.g., as a hardware failsafe) or redundant sensors to the first four sensors, for example to inhibit (e.g., prevent) overheating when the liquid in the chamber  7316 A (or lower chamber, and therefore in the combined chamber  7315 A+ 7316 A of the drinkware container  7300 A once the upper vessel  7302 A is coupled to the lower vessel  7304 A) is low (e.g., below the NTC 0  sensor) or completely depleted. 
     In one implementation, the third or probe heater  7345 A is operated to detect a liquid type in the chamber  7316 A (or lower chamber, and therefore in the combined chamber  7315 A+ 7316 A of the drinkware container  7300 A once the upper vessel  7302 A is coupled to the lower vessel  7304 A) based on temperature response time and/or profile. For example, the third or probe heater  7345 A can be pulsed one or more (e.g., multiple) times and the sensed temperature response time and/or profile (by the one or more sensors, such as NTC 0 -NTC 3 ) recorded and compared (e.g., using a look up table, using a formula) against temperature response time and/or profile of known liquids (e.g., water, milk, infant formula). The pulses can be varied (e.g., in frequency, amplitude). Identification of the liquid type can be used to control the first or bottom heating or cooling element  7341 A and/or the second or side heating or cooling element  7342 A to bring the liquid (of said liquid type) in the chamber  7316 A (or lower chamber, and therefore in the combined chamber  7315 A+ 7316 A of the drinkware container  7300 A once the upper vessel  7302 A is coupled to the lower vessel  7304 A) to a set temperature (e.g., user selected temperature, factory set temperature setpoint) without over-heating (or over cooling) the liquid and/or creating local hot spots (or cold spots), for example by maximizing convection (e.g., a circulation C current or recirculation current), as discussed above, in the liquid type. 
     In one implementation, the drinkware container  7300 A (e.g., the lower vessel  7304 A) does not include any batteries or power storage elements, and the one or more heating or cooling elements  7340 A (e.g., the first or bottom heating element  7341 A, the second or side heating element  7342 A, the third or probe heater  7345 A) are operable (e.g., receive power) only when the drinkware container  7300 A is disposed on a power or charging base. Therefore, once the heating of the liquid is completed and the drinkware container  7300 A is removed from the power or charging base, the one or more heating or cooling elements  7340 A are not heated (or cooled), for example during a feeding while an infant consumes the liquid in the drinkware container  7300 A. 
     When disposed on the power or charging base, power is transferred to the heating or cooling module  7390 A (e.g., to the one or more heating or cooling elements  7340 A, such as the first or bottom heating element  7341 A, the second or side heating element  7342 A, and/or the third or probe heater  7345 A) via the one or more electrical contacts  7398 A. The electrical connectors  7344 A,  7346 A can be electrically connected to the electrical contacts  7398 A (e.g., via lead lines), or can be connected to circuitry in the lower vessel  7304 A that is connected to the one or more electrical contacts  7398 A (e.g., via lead lines), thereby connecting the one or more heating or cooling elements  7340 A and the one or more sensors (e.g., sensors NTC 0 -NTC 5  or NTC 0 -NTC 6 ) with the electrical contacts  7398 A. In another implementation, the circuitry in the lower vessel  7304 A includes an inductive power receiver and the one or more heating or cooling elements  7340 A and the one or more sensors (e.g., sensors NTC 0 -NTC 5  or NTC 0 -NTC 6 ) receive power wirelessly (via induction) when the drinkware container  7300 A is placed on the power or charging base. Additionally, the circuitry in the lower vessel  7304 A includes a wireless transmitter to transmit data (e.g., sensed temperature data from the sensors NTC 0 -NTC 5  or NTC 0 -NTC 6 ) from the lower vessel  7304 A (e.g., to the power or charging base, to a remote electronic device, such as a smartphone or tablet computer) when the drinkware container  7300 A is placed on the power or charging base. 
     In another implementation, the drinkware container  7300 A (e.g., the lower vessel  7304 A) includes one or more batteries or power storage elements that provide power to the circuitry, the one or more heating elements  7340 A and the one or more sensors (e.g., NTC 0 -NTC 5  or NTC 0 -NTC 6 ) of the drinkware container  7300 A (e.g. in the lower vessel  7304 A). Such batteries or power storage elements can be charged via power provided via the electrical contacts  7398 A when placed on the power or charging base, or where electrical contacts are excluded can be charged via inductive power charging via a wireless power receiver of the drinkware container  7300 A (e.g., in the lower vessel  7304 A) that receives power via induction from the power or charging base (e.g., from a wireless power transmitter in the power or charging base). Data (e.g., sensed temperature form the one or more sensors NTC 0 -NTC 5  or NTC 0 -NTC 6 ) can be transferred via the electrical contacts  7398 A or wirelessly, in the same manner discussed above. 
     In one embodiment, the heating module  7390 A can provide an indication (e.g., visual, vibration, auditory) that the liquid has been heated to the preselected or predetermined temperature (as discussed further below). 
     In one embodiment, actuation of the one or more heating or cooling elements  7340 A can begin automatically upon the drinkware container  7300 A being placed on the power or charging base. In another implementation, actuation of the one or more heating or cooling elements  7340 A does not begin automatically upon the drinkware container  7300 A being placed on the power or charging base, and a user interface on the power or charging base is actuated (e.g., pressed by the user) to being actuation of the one or more heating or cooling elements  7340 A. In another implementation, the power or charging base can have a timer function allowing the user to place the drinkware container  7300 A on the power or charging base and program the power or charging base to actuate the one or more heating or cooling elements  7340 A at a desired time (e.g., corresponding to an infant&#39;s typical feeding time). Actuation of the one or more heating or cooling elements  7340 A can cease automatically upon removing the drinkware container  7300 A from the power or charging base. 
     The power or charging base can include circuitry operable to control the operation of the one or more heating or cooling elements  7340 A. Alternatively, circuitry in the drinkware container  7300 A (e.g., in the lower vessel  7304 A) is operable to control the operation of the one or more heating or cooling elements  7340 A once receiving power from the power or charging base. The control circuitry (e.g., in the power or charging base, or alternatively in the drinkware container  7300 A) can include a memory that stores or receives one or more algorithms (e.g., for heating a particular liquid type, look-up tables for correlating sensed temperature response or profile with liquid type, correlating sensed liquid level with volume of liquid consumed, such as in a feeding) used in the operation of the one or more heating or cooling elements  7340 A. The circuitry can control the operation of the one or more heating or cooling elements  7340 A based on sensed temperature in the drinkware container  7300  (e.g., sensed temperature in the chamber  7316 A), detected liquid type, liquid level, and/or other parameters (e.g., sensed pH, acidity, etc.). 
     Sensors 
     With respect to any of the containers disclosed above, one or more sensors S 1 -Sn can be provided. In some embodiments, at least one sensor S 2  of the one or more sensors S 1 -Sn can sense a liquid level (or information indicative of a liquid level) in a chamber (e.g., such as chamber  15  in  FIG.  1   , etc.) of the container. 
     In one embodiment, the sensor S 2  can be a load cell that can sense a weight of the container (e.g., container  5000 - 7800 ). The electronic module EM of the container can receive the sensed weight information and compare it against a reference weight data (e.g., previously sensed when the container was empty and/or that is stored in a memory of the electronic module EM), and calculate a volume or level of the liquid in the container (e.g., using an algorithm to convert the sensed weight information to liquid volume or level measurement). 
     In another embodiment, the sensor S 2  can be a pressure sensor on a bottom of the chamber (e.g., chamber  5015 ,  5115 , etc.) of the container (e.g., container  5000 - 7800 ) and can sense a hydrostatic pressure of the liquid in the chamber. The electronic module EM can calculate a liquid volume or level based at least in part on the sensed pressure information from the sensor S 2 . 
     In another embodiment, the sensor S 2  can be a capacitance sensor (e.g., capacitance sensing strip) that extends along at least a portion of the length of an inner sidewall (e.g., inner sidewall  5010 ,  5110 , etc.) that defines the chamber (e.g., chamber  5015 ,  5115 , etc.) of the container (e.g., container  5000 - 7800 ). The sensor S 2  can sense a capacitance of a liquid in the container relative to a capacitance of air above the liquid level and communicate the sensed information to the electronic module EM, which can provide a measurement of liquid volume or liquid level in the container based on the sensed information. In another embodiment, the sensor S 2  can sense a conductivity of the liquid or air proximate the sensor and the electronic module EM can provide a measurement of liquid level or volume based at least in part on the sensed information. 
     In another embodiment, the sensor S 2  can be an ultrasonic sensor on an inner sidewall (e.g., inner sidewall  5010 ,  5110 , etc.) that defines the chamber (e.g., chamber  5015 ,  5115 , etc.) of the container (e.g., container  5000 - 7800 ). The sensor S 2  can use a pulse-echo or wall resonance (e.g. resonance of inner sidewall  5010 ,  5110 , etc.) to sense information indicative of a liquid level in the container. For example, the sensor S 2  can sense a time it takes for pulse emitted by the sensor S 2  into the chamber of the container to return to the sensor (e.g., once it bounces from the liquid level location). The sensor S 2  can transmit the sensed information to the electronic module EM, which can provide a measurement of liquid volume or liquid level in the container based on the sensed information. 
     In another embodiment, the sensor S 2  can be an accelerometer or tilt sensor. The sensor S 2  can sense an orientation (or change in orientation) of the container (e.g., container  5000 - 7800 ) and communicate the sensed orientation information to the electronic module EM. The electronic module EM can estimate a liquid level in the container based on the sensed orientation information (e.g., using an algorithm that correlates a tilt angle to a liquid level). For example, if the sensor S 2  senses an orientation of less than a first threshold (e.g., less than 30 degrees from an upright position) when a user has the container against their lips (e.g., sensed via a sensor on the container lip or lid, such as a contact sensor, temperature sensor, etc.) then the electronic module estimates the liquid level to be about full, and if the sensor S 2  senses an orientation greater than a second threshold (e.g., greater than 90 degrees from an upright position) when a user has the container against their lips (e.g., sensed via a sensor on the container lip or lid, such as a contact sensor, temperature sensor, etc.) then the electronic module estimates the liquid level to be about empty, and the electronic module EM can use an algorithm to interpolate between the two thresholds to infer intermediate liquid levels of the container (e.g., half full, quarter full, etc.). 
     In another embodiment, the sensor S 2  can be a light sensor that measures light attenuation through the liquid and provides the sensed information to the electronic module EM, which can provide a measurement of liquid volume or liquid level in the container based on the sensed information (e.g., using an algorithm to correlate light attenuation with liquid volume or level). 
     In another embodiment, the sensor S 2  can be a float that floats on the liquid level in the chamber (e.g., chamber  5015 ,  5115 , etc.) of the container (e.g., container  5000 - 7800 ) and communicates the sensed position information to the electronic module EM, which can provide a measurement of liquid volume or liquid level in the container based on the sensed information. 
     In another embodiment, liquid level in the container (e.g., container  5000 - 7800 ) is measured based on sensed temperature (or information indicative of temperature) from one or more (e.g., a plurality of) temperature sensors S 3  (e.g., as discussed above in connection with the operation of the container  5000 ). In one embodiment, the one or more sensors S 3  can sense how long it takes the temperature to increase a reference number of degrees (e.g., 1 degree F. or 1 degree C.) when the chamber of the container is full of liquid to provide a first reference time, and the first reference time can be stored in a memory (e.g., a memory of the electronic module EM). Optionally, additional reference times can be provided by the one or more sensors S 3  when the chamber of the container has other volumes of liquid therein (e.g., half full, ¾ full) and the reference times stored in said memory. During operation of the container, the one or more temperature sensors S 3  can measure how long it takes for the temperature in the chamber to change by said reference number of degrees and communicate the sensed time information to the electronic module EM, which can provide a measurement of liquid volume or liquid level in the container based on the sensed time information, for example, based on an algorithm correlating time versus liquid volume or level. In one embodiment, the sensed time information is compared against one or more of the reference times and the liquid level or volume interpolated between the level or volume values corresponding to the reference times. Optionally, the algorithm can calculate the liquid volume or level based at least in part on sensed ambient temperature (e.g., from a sensor S 4 ), to account for variations in how long it takes the temperature to increases by the reference number of degrees depending on ambient temperature (e.g., at high altitude, low altitude, in winter, in summer, etc.). Use of the one or more temperature sensor S 3  therefore advantageously allows measurement of temperature and liquid level in the container with one sensor instead of requiring a separate sensor to measure liquid level, which provides for a simpler and less costly system. 
     While certain embodiments of the inventions have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. Indeed, the novel methods and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms. For example, though the features disclosed herein are in describe for drinkware containers, the features are applicable to containers that are not drinkware containers (e.g., bowls, serverware, food storage containers) and the invention is understood to extend to such other containers. Furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the systems and methods described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the disclosure. Accordingly, the scope of the present inventions is defined only by reference to the appended claims. 
     Features, materials, characteristics, or groups described in conjunction with a particular aspect, embodiment, or example are to be understood to be applicable to any other aspect, embodiment or example described in this section or elsewhere in this specification unless incompatible therewith. All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive. The protection is not restricted to the details of any foregoing embodiments. The protection extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed. 
     Furthermore, certain features that are described in this disclosure in the context of separate implementations can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations, one or more features from a claimed combination can, in some cases, be excised from the combination, and the combination may be claimed as a subcombination or variation of a subcombination. 
     Moreover, while operations may be depicted in the drawings or described in the specification in a particular order, such operations need not be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. Other operations that are not depicted or described can be incorporated in the example methods and processes. For example, one or more additional operations can be performed before, after, simultaneously, or between any of the described operations. Further, the operations may be rearranged or reordered in other implementations. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that in some embodiments, the actual steps taken in the processes illustrated and/or disclosed may differ from those shown in the figures. Depending on the embodiment, certain of the steps described above may be removed, others may be added. Furthermore, the features and attributes of the specific embodiments disclosed above may be combined in different ways to form additional embodiments, all of which fall within the scope of the present disclosure. Also, the separation of various system components in the implementations described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all implementations, and it should be understood that the described components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single product or packaged into multiple products. 
     For purposes of this disclosure, certain aspects, advantages, and novel features are described herein. Not necessarily all such advantages may be achieved in accordance with any particular embodiment. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure may be embodied or carried out in a manner that achieves one advantage or a group of advantages as taught herein without necessarily achieving other advantages as may be taught or suggested herein. 
     Conditional language, such as “can,” “could,” “might,” or “may,” unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements, and/or steps. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements, and/or steps are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without user input or prompting, whether these features, elements, and/or steps are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment. 
     Conjunctive language such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y, and Z,” unless specifically stated otherwise, is otherwise understood with the context as used in general to convey that an item, term, etc. may be either X, Y, or Z. Thus, such conjunctive language is not generally intended to imply that certain embodiments require the presence of at least one of X, at least one of Y, and at least one of Z. 
     Language of degree used herein, such as the terms “approximately,” “about,” “generally,” and “substantially” as used herein represent a value, amount, or characteristic close to the stated value, amount, or characteristic that still performs a desired function or achieves a desired result. For example, the terms “approximately”, “about”, “generally,” and “substantially” may refer to an amount that is within less than 10% of, within less than 5% of, within less than 1% of, within less than 0.1% of, and within less than 0.01% of the stated amount. As another example, in certain embodiments, the terms “generally parallel” and “substantially parallel” refer to a value, amount, or characteristic that departs from exactly parallel by less than or equal to 15 degrees, 10 degrees, 5 degrees, 3 degrees, 1 degree, or 0.1 degree. 
     The scope of the present disclosure is not intended to be limited by the specific disclosures of preferred embodiments in this section or elsewhere in this specification, and may be defined by claims as presented in this section or elsewhere in this specification or as presented in the future. The language of the claims is to be interpreted broadly based on the language employed in the claims and not limited to the examples described in the present specification or during the prosecution of the application, which examples are to be construed as non-exclusive. 
     Though the features and ideas disclosed above may be related to actively heating or cooling food or beverage, the embodiments above may also be used to heat or cool air spaces, such as refrigeration devices, cold boxes, coolers, portable coolers, or portable refrigerators, or hot boxes, or warmer drawers, or heat chambers, or any other device that would benefit from the heating or cooling of the air within a defined cavity or chamber. 
     Though the features disclosed above may be described in connection with the plate  100 ,  1100 , mug  400 , and travel mug  600 , one of skill in the art will recognize that this embodiment can also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., bowl, serving dish, hot plate, cup and/or liquid container), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , travel mug  1700 A,  2000 ,  2100 ,  2400 , beer mug  1600 , baby bottle  1500 , bread basket  2200 , tortilla warmer  2300 , etc. and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. 
     Though the embodiments above are described in connection with dishware and drinkware, such as mugs, plates and travel mugs, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the above described features and functions can also be incorporated into dinnerware, serverware (e.g., serving platters, bowls, tureens, Chafing Dishes, coffee carafes, bread baskets, bread warmers, tortilla warmers, trays, hot plates) and bakeware (e.g., casserole dishes) or bottles (e.g. baby bottles or portable drinking bottles) or other liquid or food containers. Additionally, the drinkware, dishware, serverware, etc. can be made of a ceramic material or other suitable materials (e.g., plastic or glass). 
     Various embodiments reference an electronic module, such as the electronic module  90 ,  490 ,  690 . The term “electronic module” is meant to refer to electronics generally. Furthermore, the term “electronic module” should not be interpreted to require that the electronics be all in one physical location or connected to one single printed circuit board (PCB). One of skill in the art will recognize that the electronic module or electronics disclosed herein can be in one or more (e.g., plurality) of separate parts (coupled to one or a plurality of PCBs) and/or located in different physical locations of the body of the plate, serving dish, hot/cool plate, mug, travel mug, cup, liquid container or baby bottle, as disclosed herein. That is, the electronic module or electronics can have different form factors. 
     Of course, the foregoing description is that of certain features, aspects and advantages of the present invention, to which various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Moreover, the heated or cooled dishware and drinkware need not feature all of the objects, advantages, features and aspects discussed above. Thus, for example, those of skill in the art will recognize that the invention can be embodied or carried out in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or a group of advantages as taught herein without necessarily achieving other objects or advantages as may be taught or suggested herein. In addition, while a number of variations of the invention have been shown and described in detail, other modifications and methods of use, which are within the scope of this invention, will be readily apparent to those of skill in the art based upon this disclosure. For example, one of skill in the art will recognize that the passive or active cooling elements described above for  FIG.  9 A  can be incorporated into any of the other embodiments disclosed for the drinkware or dishware (e.g., plate  100 , mug  400 , travel mug  600 ). Additionally, one of skill in the art will recognize that a vacuum chamber can also be incorporated into all embodiments described above, such as the mug  400 , the plate  100 ′, bowl or serving dish and the travel mug  600 ′, in a manner similar to that described above in connection with the plate  100 ″, bowl or serving dish or travel mug  600 ″, cup, water bottle or liquid container. It is contemplated that various combinations or subcombinations of these specific features and aspects of embodiments may be made and still fall within the scope of the invention. In addition, though the embodiments disclosed herein may be described in connection with a heated or cooled plate, mug, or travel mug, one of skill in the art will recognize that the features also apply to any liquid container, drinkware, dishware or serverware (e.g., platter), including the plate  100 ′,  800 ,  800 ′,  900 ,  1100 ,  1300 ,  1400 , mug  400 , travel mug  600 , hot/cooled plate  1200 , water bottle and baby bottle  1500  and the scope of disclosure and the invention is understood to cover such liquid containers, drinkware, dishware and serverware. Accordingly, it should be understood that various features and aspects of the disclosed embodiments can be combined with or substituted for one another in order to form varying modes of the discussed heated or cooled dishware, drinkware and/or serverware.