Patent Publication Number: US-2019173534-A1

Title: Method for uplink transmisison

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention generally relates to a method of wireless communications and, more particularly, to a method for uplink transmission from a user equipment including multiple transmission resources in a wireless communication system. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     A New Radio (NR; fifth generation (5G) radio access technology) system operating in higher frequency bands (e.g., Millimeter Wave (mmWave)) are being studied in the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). A user equipment (UE) operated in the higher frequency bands such as mmWave may equip two or more antenna panels, each of which might have different directivity from each other. For example, the two or more antenna panels may be disposed on two planes such as a front plane and a back plane of the UE. Each plane of the UE may include at least an antenna panel. Alternatively, multiple antenna panels may be disposed on 4, 6, or more planes of the UE. 
     Furthermore, mmWave channel characteristics differ greatly from channel characteristics of conventional frequency bands. As a result, for example, only a part of the multiple antenna panels of the UE may effectively operate compared to other multiple antenna panels, due to large path loss and blockage for higher frequency bands. 
     Therefore, an effective antenna panel switching (selection) technology may be required in a wireless communication system operating in higher frequency bands such as mmWave bands. However, current Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards do not support an antenna panel switching scheme, which is required for NR system. 
     CITATION LIST 
     Non-Patent Reference 
     [Non-Patent Reference 1] 3GPP, TS 36.211 V 13.2.0 
     [Non-Patent Reference 2] 3GPP, TS 36.213 V 13.2.0 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, a method for uplink (UL) transmission from a user equipment (UE) to a base station (BS) includes selecting, with the UE, a transmission resource used for the UL transmission from multiple transmission resources of the UE, based on selection information or determination in the UE, and transmitting, from the UE to the BS, a UL signal or a UL channel using the selected transmission resource. The selection information may indicate a transmission resource designated by the BS. 
     According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, a method for Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) transmission from a user equipment (UE) includes receiving, with the UE, SRS resource configuration information that indicates multiple SRS resources from a base station (BS), selecting, with the UE, at least one transmission resource for the SRS transmission based on the multiple SRS resources, and transmitting, form the UE to the BS, at least one SRSs using the at least one transmission resource. 
     According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, a method of transmit power control (TPC) includes performing, with a user equipment (UE), different TPC for each transmission resources of the UE. 
     According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, a UE including multiple transmission resources can properly select the transmission resource for transmission of a physical channel (signal). 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram showing a configuration of a wireless communication system according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, and 2E  are diagrams showing example deployment configurations of multiple transmission resources of a UE according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a sequence diagram showing an example operation for PUSCH transmission according to one or more embodiments of a first example of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a sequence diagram showing an example operation for PUSCH transmission according to one or more embodiments of a modified first example of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a sequence diagram showing an example operation for PUSCH transmission according to one or more embodiments of a modified first example of the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  is a sequence diagram showing an example operation for PUSCH transmission according to one or more embodiments of a second example of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  is a sequence diagram showing an example operation for PUSCH transmission according to one or more embodiments of a modified second example of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  is a sequence diagram showing an example operation for PUSCH transmission according to one or more embodiments of a third example of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  is a sequence diagram showing an example operation for PUSCH transmission according to one or more embodiments of a fourth example of the present invention. 
         FIG. 10  is a sequence diagram showing an example operation for PUSCH transmission according to one or more embodiments of a fifth example of the present invention. 
         FIG. 11  is a diagram showing an example of transmission resource selection according to one or more embodiments of another example of the present invention. 
         FIG. 12  is a sequence diagram showing an example operation for SRS transmission according to one or more embodiments of a sixth example of the present invention. 
         FIG. 13  is a sequence diagram showing an example operation for SRS transmission according to one or more embodiments of a modified sixth example of the present invention. 
         FIG. 14  is a sequence diagram showing an example operation of transmission resource selection according to one or more embodiments of another example of the present invention. 
         FIG. 15  is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a base station according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 16  is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a user equipment according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, with reference to the drawings. In embodiments of the invention, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in detail to avoid obscuring the invention. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a wireless communications system  1  according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. The wireless communication system  1  includes a user equipment (UE)  10 , a base stations (BS)  20 , and a core network  30 . The wireless communication system  1  may be a New Radio (NR) system, an LTE/LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) system, or other systems. The wireless communication system  1  is not limited to the specific configurations described herein and may be any type of wireless communication system. 
     The BS  20  may communicate uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) signals with the UE(s)  10  in a cell  21 . The DL and UL signals may include control information and user data. The BS  20  may communicate DL and UL signals with the core network  30  through backhaul links  31 . The BS  20  may be gNodeB (gNB) or Evolved NodeB (eNB). 
     The BS  20  includes one or more antennas, a communication interface to communicate with an adjacent BS  20  (for example, X2 interface), a communication interface to communicate with the core network  30  (for example, S1 interface), and a CPU (Central Processing Unit) such as a processor or a circuit to process transmitted and received signals with the UE  10 . Operations of the BS  20  may be implemented by the processor processing or executing data and programs stored in a memory. However, the BS  20  is not limited to the hardware configuration set forth above and may be realized by other appropriate hardware configurations as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Numerous BSs  20  may be disposed so as to cover a broader service area of the wireless communication system  1 . 
     The UE  10  may communicate DL and UL signals that include control information and user data with the BS  20 . The UE  10  may be a mobile station, a smartphone, a cellular phone, a tablet, a mobile router, or information processing apparatus having a radio communication function such as a wearable device. The wireless communication system  1  may include one or more UEs  10 . 
     The UE  10  includes a CPU such as a processor, a RAM (Random Access Memory), a flash memory, and a radio communication device to transmit/receive radio signals to/from the BS  20  and the UE  10 . For example, operations of the UE  10  described below may be implemented by the CPU processing or executing data and programs stored in a memory. However, the UE  10  is not limited to the hardware configuration set forth above and may be configured with, e.g., a circuit to achieve the processing described below. 
     According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, the UE  10  may include multiple transmission resources used for uplink transmission. In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the transmission resource may be referred to as an antenna panel including multiple antennas (antenna ports), a group of antennas (or an antenna), a beam for the uplink transmission, or a combination of multiple antennas ports, the group of multiple antennas, and the beam. For example, in one or more embodiments of the present invention, the transmission resource may be a combination of antenna ports and the beam for the uplink transmission associated with the antenna ports. Each of the transmission resources may have directivity different from each other.  FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, and 2E  are diagrams showing example deployment configurations of the multiple transmission resources of the UE  10 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 2A , two transmission resources  11 A and  11 B may be disposed on a front plane side and a back plane side in the UE  10 , respectively. As shown in  FIG. 2B , four transmission resources  11 A,  11 B,  11 C, and  11 D may be disposed on the front plane side, the back plane side, and both lateral plane sides in the UE  10 , respectively. As shown in  FIG. 2C , six transmission resources  11 A,  11 B,  11 C,  11 D,  11 E, and  11 F may be disposed on the front plane side, the back plane side, the both lateral plane sides, and both vertical plane sides in the UE  10 , respectively. As another example, as shown in  FIG. 2D , when the UE  10  includes four transmission resources  11 A,  11 B,  11 G, and  11 H, two transmission resources  11 A and  11 G may be disposed on the front plane side and other transmission resources  11 B and  11 H may be disposed on the front plane side. As another example, as shown in  FIG. 2E , both of the transmission resources  11 A and  11 B may be disposed in the UE  10  so as to face the same direction. For example, when a user grips the UE  10  such as the smartphone so as to cover a lower side of the UE  10  with a user&#39;s hand, the configuration of  FIG. 2E  may be effective. However, the deployment configuration of the transmission resources  11  of the UE  10  is not limited to the configuration set forth above. Furthermore, the number of the transmission resources  11  of the UE  10  is not limited to two, four, six set for the above and may be more than six. In one or embodiments of the present invention, transmission resources  11 A,  11 B,  11 C,  11 D,  11 E, and  11 F are also referred to transmission resources #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, and #6, respectively. 
     PUSCH Transmission 
     Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission by the UE  10  including multiple transmission resources  11  will be described in detail below in embodiments of first to fifth examples of the present invention. Furthermore, in one or more embodiments of the present invention, the PUSCH transmission is an example of uplink transmission of an uplink channel or an uplink signal. 
     First Example 
     According to one or more embodiments of a first example of the present invention, the BS  20  may designate the transmission resource  11  of the UE  10  used for the PUSCH transmission and notify the UE  10  of the designated transmission resource  11  implicitly and/or explicitly.  FIG. 3  is a sequence diagram showing an example operation for the PUSCH transmission according to one or more embodiments of the first example of the present invention. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , the BS  20  may transmit resource selection information to the UE  10  (step S 101 ). The resource selection information may include at least one transmission resource index (number) indicating the transmission resource  11  of the UE  10  used for the PUSCH transmission. For example, the resource selection information may include at least one of the transmission resource index, an antenna port related information such as antenna port index or another index designating the transmission resource  11 . The resource selection information may be transmitted via at least one of semi-static signaling such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling and dynamic signaling such as signaling using a Downlink control information (DCI) format. For example, the resource selection information may be included in an uplink (UL) grant. 
     After the UE  10  may receive the resource selection information from the BS  20 , the UE  10  may select the transmission resource  11  (transmission resource selection) for the PUSCH transmission based on the transmission resource index of the received transmission resource designation information (step S 102 ). In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the transmission resource selection may be referred to as transmission resource switching. Then, the UE  10  may transmit the PUSCH from the selected transmission resource  11  to the BS  20  (step S 103 ). 
     Thus, according to one or more embodiments of the first example of the present invention, the UE  10  include multiple transmission resources  11 . The UE  10  may receive, from the BS  20 , the resource selection information that indicates a transmission resource designated by the BS  20 . The UE  10  may select a transmission resource used for the PUSCH transmission (uplink transmission) based on the resource selection information. For example, UE  10  may select the transmission resource designated by the BS  20  as the transmission resource used for the PUSCH transmission. The UE  10  may transmit the PUSCH (uplink signal or uplink channel) using the selected transmission resource. 
     In one or more embodiments of the first example of the present invention, the resource selection information may indicate a plurality of transmission resources designated by the BS  20 . The UE  10  may select the designated plurality of transmission resources as transmission resources for the uplink transmission. 
     Modified First Example 
     According to one or more embodiments of a first example of the present invention, the BS  20  may designate the number of the transmission resources  11  of the UE  10  used for the PUSCH transmission and notify the UE  10  of the designated the number of the transmission resources  11  implicitly and/or explicitly.  FIG. 4  is a sequence diagram showing an example operation for the PUSCH transmission according to one or more embodiments of the modified first example of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 4 , the BS  20  may transmit resource selection information including the number of transmission resources  11  used for the PUSCH transmission (S 101   a ). Furthermore, the resource selection information may include the transmission resource index in addition to the number of transmission resources  11 . 
     After the UE  10  may receive the resource selection information from the BS  20 , the UE  10  may select the transmission resource  11  for the PUSCH transmission based on the number of the transmission resources of the received resource selection information (step S 102   a ). For example, when the number of the transmission resources is one, the UE  10  may select any one of the transmission resources  11 . The step S 103  in  FIG. 4  is the same as the step S 103  in  FIG. 3 . 
     As another example, the BS  20  may transmit the resource selection information based on a transmission resource designation request from the UE  10 . As shown in  FIG. 5 , the UE  10  may transmit the transmission resource designation request to the BS  20 . Then, the BS  20  may designate the transmission resource  11  based on the received transmission resource designation request. The steps S 101  to S 103  in  FIG. 5  are the same as the steps S 101  to S 103  in  FIG. 3 , respectively. Furthermore, for example, the UE  10  may transmit information regarding the selected transmission resource to the BS  20 . 
     Second Example 
     According to one or more embodiments of a second example of the present invention, the UE  10  may determine a transmission resource  11  used for the PUSCH transmission and select, from multiple transmission resources of the UE  10 , a transmission resource  11  used for the uplink transmission based on the determined transmission resource  11  (determination in the UE  10 ).  FIG. 6  is a sequence diagram showing an example operation for PUSCH transmission according to one or more embodiments of a second example of the present invention. 
     As shown in  FIG. 6 , the BS  20  may transmit predetermined reference signals to the UE  10  (step S 201 ). For example, the predetermined reference signal may be a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a dedicated reference signal (DRS), a Cell-specific Reference Signal (CRS). The reference signal may be a newly defined signal. 
     After the UE  10  may receive the reference signal from the BS  20 , the UE  10  may perform reception quality (or path loss) measurements based on the received reference signal (step S 202 ). The reception quality may be a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) or other information that reflects channel quality. The UE  10  may select the transmission resource  11  for the PUSCH transmission based on the measurement results (step S 203 ). For example, the UE  10  may select the transmission resource  11  having the highest reception quality (or the smallest path loss). Then, the UE  10  may transmit the PUSCH from the selected transmission resource  11  to the BS  20  (step S 204 ). Furthermore, the BS  20  may notify the UE  10  of transmission power of the downlink reference signal, and then the UE  10  may measure the path loss of the RS using the transmission power. The UE  10  may notify the BS  20  of selected transmission resource information that indicates the selected transmission resource  11  used for the PUSCH transmission (step S 205 ). 
     Thus, according to one or more embodiments of the second example of the present invention, the UE  10  may receive predetermined reference signals from the BS  20  and determine a transmission resource based on reception quality of the received predetermined reference signals. Then, UE  10  may select, from the multiple transmission resources of the UE  10 , the determined transmission resource as a transmission resource used for the uplink transmission. 
     Modified Second Example 
     According to one or more embodiments of a modified second example of the present invention, the UE  10  may notify the BS  20  of information indicating the selected transmission resource  11 .  FIG. 7  is a sequence diagram showing an example operation for the PUSCH transmission according to one or more embodiments of the modified second example of the present invention. The steps S 201  to S 203  in  FIG. 7  are the same as the steps S 201  to S 203  in  FIG. 6 , respectively. 
     As shown in  FIG. 7 , at the step S 203 , the UE  10  may select the transmission resource  11 . The UE  10  may transmit information indicating the selected transmission resource  11  (selected transmission resource information) to the BS  20  (S 205 ). Furthermore, the UE  10  may transmit the selected transmission resource information before the PUSCH transmission at the step S 204 . 
     In one or more embodiments of the modified second example of the present invention, when the BS  20  may receive the selected transmission resource information from the UE  10 , the BS  20  may switch quasi co-location information based on the selected transmission resource information. 
     Third Example 
     A method according to one or more embodiments of a third example of the present invention may switch between the method for designating the transmission resource  11  by the BS  20  and the method for determining the transmission resource  11  by the UE  10 .  FIG. 8  is a sequence diagram showing an example operation for the PUSCH transmission according to one or more embodiments of the third example of the present invention. 
     As shown in  FIG. 8 , the BS  20  may transmit instruction information to the UE  10  (step S 301 ). The instruction information may designate whether the resource information used for the uplink transmission is to be selected based on the selection information or the determination in the UE. The instruction information may be transmitted via at least one of the higher layer signaling such as the RRC signaling and DCI. 
     The BS  20  may transmit, to the UE  10 , the resource selection information that indicates the transmission resource index designated by the BS  20  (step S 302 ). 
     The BS  20  may transmit reference signals to the UE  10  (step S 303 ). 
     The UE  10  may select the transmission resource  11  for the PUSCH transmission based on the instruction information (step S 304 ). 
     When the instruction information designates the transmission resource selection based on the resource selection information from the BS, the UE  10  may select the transmission resource  11  for the PUSCH transmission based on the designated transmission resource  11  in the selection information. 
     On the other hand, when the instruction information designates the transmission resource selection based on determination in the UE  10 , the UE  10  may determine a transmission resource using the received reference signals and select the transmission resource  11  for the PUSCH transmission based on the determined transmission resource. For example, the UE  10  may determine the transmission resource based on reception quality (or path loss) of the received reference signals. 
     Then, the UE  10  may transmit the PUSCH from the selected transmission resource  11  to the BS  20  (step S 305 ). 
     According to one or more embodiments of the third example of the present invention, for example, when the number of the transmission resources  11  is two, in the resource selection information, the transmission resource  11 A (transmission resource index “1”), the transmission resource  11 B (transmission resource index “2”), ant the instructions of the transmission resource selection to the UE  10  may be indicated as “00”, “01”, and “10” using a two-bit field, respectively. 
     As another example, for example, when the number of the transmission resources  11  is two, the resource selection information may use an one-bit field, and information indicating the transmission resource selection performed by the BS  20  and information indicating the transmission resource selection performed by the UE  10  may be indicated as “0” and “1”, respectively. 
     Fourth Example 
     LTE Rel. 13 defines a configurable codebook in downlink Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), which is applicable for various antenna configurations. Specifically, according to the configurable codebook, the UE  10  generate codebooks based on prior information including the number of antenna ports of the BS  20  notified from the BS  20 . According to one or more embodiments of a fourth example of the present invention, the UE  10  may generate a codebook based on prior information such as the number of the transmission resources  11  and select the transmission resource  11  using a transmitted precoding matrix indicator (TPMI).  FIG. 9  is a sequence diagram showing an example operation for the PUSCH transmission according to one or more embodiments of the fourth example of the present invention. 
     As shown in  FIG. 9 , the BS  20  may transmit a notification of the number of the transmission resource  11  (step S 401 ). Then, the UE  10  may generate the codebook based on the number of the transmission resources  11  (step S 402 ). For example, the transmission resource  11 A (transmission resource index “1”) and the transmission resource  11 B (transmission resource index “2”) may be associated with a 16-Tx codebook and an 8-Tx codebook, respectively. Implementation examples of the codebook will be described below in detail. For example, different transmission resources  11  may be associated with identical prior information. 
     The BS  20  may transmit the TPMI or some other signal to achieve the transmission resource selection that implicitly indicates designation of the transmission resource  11  for the PUSCH transmission to the UE  10  (step S 403 ). That is, the TPMI may include the resource selection information that indicates a transmission resource designated by the BS  20 . 
     After the UE  10  may receive the TPMI or some other signal to achieve the transmission resource selection from the BS  20 , the UE  10  may select the transmission resource  11  based on the received PMI and the generated codebook (step S 404 ). Then, the UE  10  may transmit the PUSCH from the selected transmission resource  11  to the BS  20  (step S 405 ). 
     The codebook according to one or more embodiments of the fourth example of the present invention may be implemented as follows. 
     First Implementation Example of Codebook 
     
       
      
       y=HW 
       f 
       x+n  
      
     
     
       
      
       W 
       f 
       =W 
       p 
       ⊗S  
      
     
     y: Rx signal, H: Channel matrix, Wf: Precoder, x: Tx signal, n: noise, 
     Wp: Precoder per transmission resource, S: Transmission resource switching vector 
     Furthermore, Kronecker product may be used in the above first implementation example of the codebook. 
     S is a row vector with a length of the number of the transmission resources, in which the element in the selected transmission resource is 1 and the other elements are 0. 
     Non-zero elements for S can be multiple. Total power among the transmission resource can be constant (power per transmission resource can be scaled in order to maintain total transmit power). 
     S is a row vector with a length of the number of the transmission resources, in which sigma (Si2)=1, where Si is i-th element of the vector S. 
     S is a row vector with a length of the number of the transmission resources, in which the element in the selected transmission resource is 1/(sqrt(N)) and the other elements are 0 (N is the number of selected transmission resources). 
     Second Implementation Example of Codebook 
     
       
         
           
             
               W 
               f 
             
             = 
             
               
                 ∑ 
                 
                   i 
                   = 
                   0 
                 
                 
                   P 
                   - 
                   1 
                 
               
                
               
                 
                   W 
                   p 
                   i 
                 
                 ⊗ 
                 
                   S 
                   i 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     The second implementation example of the codebook may be used when the precoder is changed per transmission resource. Furthermore, Kronecker product may be used in the above second implementation example of the codebook. 
     P is the number of transmission resources. 
     Wpi is the precoder for i-th transmission resource (zero matrix for non-selected transmission resource). 
     Si can be a row vector with the length of the number of the transmission resources. 
     For the selected transmission resource, the i-th element is non-zero and the other elements are 0. 
     Sigma(Sij)=1, where Sij is j-th element of Si 
     Non-zero element can be 1/(sqrt(N)) 
     For non-selected transmission resource, all the elements are 0. 
     Fifth Example 
     According to one or more embodiments of a fifth example of the present invention, the UE  10  may select the transmission resources  11  based on a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI).  FIG. 10  is a sequence diagram showing an example operation for the PUSCH transmission according to one or more embodiments of the fifth example of the present invention. For example, the CRI may be called SRS resource indicator (SRI). 
     As shown in  FIG. 10 , the BS  20  may transmit the CRI to the UE  10  (step S 501 ). In one or more embodiments of the fifth example of the present invention, the CRI may include information indicating the transmission resource index designated by the BS  20 . 
     After the UE  10  may receive the CRI from the BS  20 , the UE  10  may select the transmission resource  11  for the PUSCH transmission based on the transmission resource index of the CRI (step S 502 ). Then, the UE  10  may transmit the PUSCH from the selected transmission resource  11  to the BS  20  (step S 503 ). 
     Furthermore, the BS  20  may calculate and transmit all or part of a Rank Indicator (RI), a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), and a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) based on the selected transmission resource  11 , e.g., selected CRI. 
     Another Example of First Example 
     As another example, for example, the transmission resources  11  designated by the BS  20  may be limited. As shown in  FIG. 11 , for example, the UE  10  may include four transmission resources  11 A to  11 D (transmission resource index “1” to “4”). When one or two transmission resources  11  are selected for the PUSCH transmission, there are 10 combinations of the transmission resources at most. However, according to one or more embodiments of another example of the present invention, the selectable combinations of the transmission resources  11  may be limited so that there are 8 combinations as shown in  FIG. 11 . In such a case, for example, the BS  20  may transmit the one or two transmission resource indexes designated form the above 8 combinations. For example, the BS  20  may transmit the transmission resource indexes of the above 8 combinations. Furthermore, the selectable combinations is not limited to 8 combinations as shown in  FIG. 11  but may be predetermined combinations. 
     As another example, for example, the transmission resource selection may be performed independently for each physical channel or signal, or commonly for each physical channel or signal. Furthermore, the transmission resource selection may be performed independently between an uplink and a downlink, or commonly between the uplink and the downlink. 
     As another example, for example, the transmission resources  11  designated by the BS  20  or selected by the UE  10  may be identical in all frequency bands or a sub band unit. 
     SRS Transmission 
     A Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) transmission by the UE  10  including multiple transmission resources  11  will be described in detail below in embodiments of a sixth example of the present invention. 
     Sixth Example 
     According to one or more embodiments of a sixth example of the present invention, the UE  10  may transmit each of the multiple SRSs. In one or more embodiments of the sixth example of the present invention, multiple SRS processes (or SRS resources) may be configured for the SRS transmission, like downlink CSI processes.  FIG. 12  is a sequence diagram showing an example operation for the SRS transmission according to one or more embodiments of the sixth example of the present invention. 
     For example, SRS parameters in the SRS process (SRS resource configuration information) include Cell-specific SRS parameters and UE-specific SRS parameters. 
     The Cell-specific SRS parameters may be transmitted using a broadcast channel or other control channels. The Cell-specific SRS parameters include “srs-SubframeConfig” and “srs-BandwidthConfig”. “srs-SubframeConfig” indicates a subframe(s) in which the SRS is able to be transmitted. “srs-BandwidthConfig” indicates a configuration of a bandwidth of the SRS transmission. 
     The UE-specific SRS parameters may be transmitted using the RRC signaling. The UE-specific SRS parameters may be configured independently from periodic SRS transmission. The UE-specific SRS parameters include “srs-ConfigIndexAp,” “srs-BandwidthAp,” “freqDomainPositionAp,” “cyclicShiftAp,” “transmissionCombAp,” and “srs-AntennaPortAp.” “srs-ConfigIndexAp” indicates transmission timing of the UE-specific SRS. “srs-BandwidthAp” indicates a bandwidth of the SRS transmission. “freqDomainPositionAp” indicates a frequency location of the SRS. “cyclicShiftAp” and “transmissionCombAp” may be used for multiple antennas multiplexing. “srs-AntennaPortAp” indicates the number of antenna ports of the SRS transmission. 
     As shown in  FIG. 12 , the BS  20  may transmit multiple SRS processes (e.g., SRS processes #1 and #2) to the UE  10  (steps S 601   a  and  601   b ). Each SRS process may be associated with each of the transmission resources  11  designated by the BS  20 . For example, the SRS processes #1 and #2 may be associated with the transmission resource #1 and #2, respectively. Furthermore, according to one or more embodiments of the present invention, the number of SRS processes is not limited to two but may be more than at least one. Furthermore, the BS  20  may transmit SRS resource configuration information that indicates multiple SRS resources to the UE  10 . 
     After the UE  10  may receive the multiple SRS processes from the BS  20 , the UE  10  may select the transmission resource  11  for each SRS transmission based on the SRS processes (step S 602 ). For example, the UE  10  may select the transmission resource  11  associated with the transmission resource #1 for the SRS transmission corresponding to the SRS process #1 (SRS #1 transmission). The UE  10  may select the transmission resource  11  associated with the transmission resource #2 for the SRS transmission corresponding to the SRS process #2 (SRS #2 transmission). 
     Then, the UE  10  may transmit the SRS #1 and #2 from the selected transmission resources  11  associated with the transmission resource #1 and #2 to the BS  20 , respectively (steps S 603   a  and S 603   b ). 
     Furthermore, for example, according to one or more embodiments of the sixth example of the present invention, the SRS process may be identical between the uplink and the downlink or different between the uplink and the downlink independently. 
     Furthermore, for example, according to one or more embodiments of the sixth example of the present invention, the number of the configurable SRS processes may be limited. For example, the number of the configurable SRS processes may be limited to be equal to and less than a predetermined upper limit value such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 16. 
     Furthermore, for example, according to one or more embodiments of the sixth example of the present invention, groups of antenna ports included in a single SRS process may be grouped in the transmission resources  11 . For example, an antenna port group #1 consist of antenna ports 1-4 may be associated with the transmission resource  11 A (transmission resource index “1”) and an antenna port group #2 consist of antenna ports 5-8 may be associated with the transmission resource  11 B (transmission resource index “2”). Furthermore, for example, the UE  10  (or the BS  20 ) may notify the BS  20  (or the UE  10 ) of the number of antenna port groups. 
     Modified Sixth Example 
     According to one or more embodiments of a modified sixth example of the present invention, like downlink enhanced MIMO (eMIMO)-Type B CSI-RS, a SRS process includes multiple SRS resources, each of which is associated with the transmission resources  11  designated for the SRS transmission.  FIG. 13  is a sequence diagram showing an example operation for the SRS transmission according to one or more embodiments of the modified sixth example of the present invention. 
     As shown in  FIG. 13 , the BS  20  may transmit the SRS process including multiple SRS resources (e.g., SRS resources #1, #2, and #3) to the UE  10  (steps S 601   c ). Each SRS resource may be associated with each of the transmission resources  11  designated by the BS  20 . For example, the SRS resources #1, #2, and #3 may be associated with the transmission resource #1, #2, and #3, respectively. Furthermore, according to one or more embodiments of the present invention, the number of SRS resources included in the SRS process is not limited to three but may be more than at least one. 
     After the UE  10  may receive the SRS process include the multiple SRS resources from the BS  20 , the UE  10  may select the transmission resource  11  for each SRS transmission based on the multiple SRS resources (steps S 602 ). For example, the UE  10  may select the transmission resource  11  associated with the transmission resource #1, #2, and #3 for the SRS transmission corresponding to the SRS resources #1, #2, and #3 (SRSs #1, #2, and #3 transmission), respectively. 
     Then, the UE  10  may transmit the SRS #1, #2, and #3 from the selected transmission resources #1, #2, and #3 to the BS  20 , respectively (steps S 603   c , S 603   d , and S 603   e ). 
     Furthermore, one or more transmission resources (referred to as main transmission resource as below) (e.g., the selected transmission resource  11 ) may require sounding with high accuracy. For example, the main transmission resource may be at least a predetermined transmission resource  11 . As another example, according to one or more embodiments of a modified sixth example of the present invention, transmission periodicity and a transmission frequency band of the SRS transmission may be configured for each transmission resource  11 . For example, the transmission periodicity and the transmission frequency band of the SRS transmission may be configured for each SRS configuration (SRS process) or each antenna port group. For example, the transmission periodicity from the main transmission resource may be shorter than the transmission periodicity from other transmission resources. For example, the transmission frequency band from the main transmission resource may be a broader frequency band than the transmission frequency band from other transmission resources. Furthermore, when the transmission resource  11  used as the main transmission resource is switched, the transmission periodicity, the frequency band, and a multiplexed way for the switched main transmission resource may be changed. 
     As another example, according to one or more embodiments of the modified sixth example of the present invention, when an aperiodic SRS is transmitted, the transmission resource  11  may be selected based on the transmission resource  11  designated by the BS  20 . As another example, the aperiodic SRS may be transmitted from only the main transmission resource (one or more selected transmission resources  11 ). As another example, for example, when the aperiodic SRS is transmitted for a switch of the transmission resource  11 , a periodic SRS may be transmitted from sub transmission resources, which are transmission resources  11  other than the main transmission resource. 
     PUCCH Transmission 
     Seventh Example 
     The transmission resource selection for Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) transmission according to one or more embodiments of a seventh example of the present invention will be described below. According to one or more embodiments of the seventh example of the present invention, the transmission resource  11  for the PUCCH transmission selected by the UE  10  may be the same as transmission resource  11  selected for other physical channels and/or signals. For example, the transmission resource  11  for the PUCCH transmission selected by the UE  10  may be the same as transmission resource  11  selected for the PUSCH transmission. 
     As another example of the transmission resource selection for PUCCH transmission, according to one or more embodiments of the seventh example of the present invention, the transmission resource  11  having the best reception quality or the smallest path loss may be selected as the transmission resource  11  for the PUCCH transmission. 
     PRACH Transmission 
     Eighth Example 
     The transmission resource selection for Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) transmission according to one or more embodiments of an eighth example of the present invention will be described below. According to one or more embodiments of the eighth example of the present invention, the transmission resource  11  for the PRACH transmission selected by the UE  10  may be the same as transmission resource  11  selected for other physical channels and/or signals. For example, the transmission resource  11  for the PRACH transmission selected by the UE  10  may be the same as transmission resource  11  selected for the PUSCH (or PUCCH) transmission. 
     For example, when initial access or transmitting and receiving a UE-specific signal in a random access procedure are performed with a certain absence, the BS  20  can not designate the transmission resource  11  of the UE  10  properly. Therefore, as another example of the transmission resource selection for PRACH transmission, according to one or more embodiments of the present invention, the UE  10  may autonomously select the transmission resource  11 . For example, the UE  10  may select the transmission resource  11  for the PRACH transmission based on the path loss or the reception quality (e.g., RSRP and RSRQ) of the downlink signals. Furthermore, the UE  10  may select the transmission resource  11  for the PRACH transmission autonomously based on a predetermined condition such that an idle period is longer than a predetermined period. 
     As another example of the transmission resource selection for PRACH transmission, according to one or more embodiments of the eighth example of the present invention, the transmission resource  11  may be switched during PRACH transmission period so as to provide a high diversity gain. 
     As another example of the transmission resource selection for PUCCH transmission, according to one or more embodiments of the eighth example of the present invention, the PRACH may be simultaneously transmitted from the multiple transmission resources  11  during a single PRACH transmission period so as to provide the high diversity gain. 
     DM-RS Transmission 
     Ninth Example 
     The transmission resource selection for Demodulation Reference Signal (DM-RS) transmission according to one or more embodiments of a ninth example of the present invention will be described below. According to one or more embodiments of the ninth example of the present invention, the transmission resource  11  for the DM-RS transmission selected by the UE  10  may be the same as transmission resource  11  selected for other physical channels and signals. For example, the transmission resource  11  for the PUCCH transmission selected by the UE  10  may be the same as transmission resource  11  selected for the PUSCH (or PUCCH) transmission. This can be referred to as a quasi co-location information. In this sense, the UE  10  can assume DM-RS is quasi co-located with associated PUSCH (or PUCCH). 
     Another Example of Transmission Resource Selection for Uplink Channel Transmission 
     As another example of the above transmission resource selection for the PUSCH, SRS, PUCCH, PRACH, and DM-RS transmission, according to one or more embodiments of the present invention, the UE  10  may notify the BS  20  of the number of the transmission resources  11  of the UE  10 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 14 , the UE  10  may transmit transmission resource information that indicates a configuration of each of the multiple transmission resources  11  to the BS  20  (step S 701 ). The transmission resource information may include at least one of the number of the transmission resource  11  of the UE  10 , the number of the transmission resources which are simultaneously able to transmit and/or receive signals, and an antenna configuration of the transmission resource  11 . For example, the transmission resource information may be transmitted as UE capability information. For example, the transmission resource information may include the number of Transceiver units (TXRUs), the number of streams, and a transport block size. For example, the number of TXRUs, the number of streams, and a transport block size may be for each transmission resource  11 . The transmission resource index may be assigned to each transmission resource  11 . For example, the transmission resource information may indicate the number of transmission resources available in the UE  10 . 
     The BS  20  may designate the transmission resource  11  based on the transmission resource information. Then, the BS  20  may transmit the resource selection information including the transmission resource index to the BS  20  (step S 702 ). 
     After the UE  10  may receive the resource selection information from the BS  20 , the UE  10  may select the transmission resource  11  for the PUSCH transmission based on the transmission resource index of the received resource selection information (step S 703 ). For example, the number of the transmission resources designated by the BS may be less than or equal to the number of the transmission resources available in the UE  10 . Then, the UE  10  may transmit the PUSCH (SRS, PUCCH, PRACH, or DM-RS) from the selected transmission resource  11  to the BS  20  (step S 704 ). 
     Furthermore, the antenna configuration of the transmission resource  11  may be for each transmission resource  11 . For example, the antenna configuration may be indicated as 8-Tx and 4-Tx, which mean the UE  10  includes two transmission resources  11  consist of the 8-Tx transmission resource and the 4-Tx transmission resource. For example, the antenna configuration of the transmission resource  11  may include all or part of the number of the planer (vertical/horizontal) antennas and polarized antennas for each transmission resource  11 . For example, the antenna configuration may be transmitted from the UE  10  to the BS  20  as the applied codebook. Furthermore, the antenna configurations of the multiple transmission resources  11  may be assumed as identical in the BS  20 . 
     Furthermore, the number of the transmission resources  11  which can be transmitted by the UE  10  may be limited. For example, when the UE  10  includes 16 transmission resources, the UE may select the number of the transmission resources  11  among predetermined candidates: e.g., (1, 2), (1, 2, 3, 4), (1, 2, 4, 6), (1, 2, . . . , 5, 6), (1, 2, . . . , 7, 8), (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16), (1, 2, 3, 4, . . . , 15, 16) for the notification to the BS  20 . 
     Transmit Power Control 
     Tenth Example 
     According to one or more embodiments of a tenth example of the present invention, the UE  10  may independently perform transmit power control (TPC) for each transmission resource  11 . For example, the UE  10  may perform different open loop TPC (for example, path loss estimation) for each transmission resource  11 . For example, the UE  10  may perform different closed loop TPC for each transmission resource  11 . For example, the UE  10  may transmit different parameters for the TPC (e.g., Pcmax, P0, alpha, and DTF in LTE) for each transmission resource  11 . 
     Modified Tenth Example 
     According to one or more embodiments of a modified tenth example of the present invention, the transmission resources  11  to which the TPC is applied may be limited for reduction of signaling overheads. For example, the TPC (for example, the closed loop TPC) may be applied for at least a predetermine transmission resource  11  selected by the UE  10  or designated by the BS  20 . As another example, the TPC may be performed using the predetermined transmission resource  11  as a reference. 
     According to one or more embodiments of a modified tenth example of the present invention, when the transmission resource  11  is switched (selected), an offset value of existing closed loop TPC may be reset or taken over. The BS  20  may designate whether closed loop TPC is reset or taken over. 
     According to one or more embodiments of a modified tenth example of the present invention, when the transmission resource  11  is switched (selected), existing transmit power may be reused. For example, closed loop TPC information (e.g., the offset value of the closed loop TPC) may be recalculated based on the existing transmit power. 
     Transmit Power Control for SRS Transmission 
     Eleventh Example 
     When channel quality of the different transmission resources  11  are fairly compared, it may be required that transmit power for the SRS transmission from the transmission resources  11  is the same (or a relative power difference between each transmission resource  11  is acknowledged). In such a case, for example, it may be required to avoid error propagation caused by accumulation-type control. According to one or more embodiments of an eleventh example of the present invention, the UE  10  may set the transmit power for the SRS transmission from the multiple transmission resources  11  to be identical. As another example, the UE  10  may differentiate the transmit power for the SRS transmission from the multiple transmission resources  11  relatively. For example, the difference of the transmit power may be transmitted from the UE  10  to the BS  20 . As another example, the UE  10  may notify the BS  20  of an absolute value of the transmit power for the SRS transmission. 
     Modified Eleventh Example 
     According to one or more embodiments of a modified eleventh example of the present invention, the UE  10  may determine the transmit power for the SRS transmission from the transmission resources relatively based on the transmit power for the PUSCH transmission. For example, the UE  10  may determine the transmit power for the SRS transmission from each transmission resources  11  based on a relative value to the transmit power for the PUSCH transmission from each transmission resources  11 . For example, the UE  10  may determine the transmit power for the SRS transmission from the selected transmission resource  11  based on the transmit power for the PUSCH transmission from the selected transmission resource  11 . 
     Transmit Power Control for PRACH Transmission 
     Twelfth Example 
     According to one or more embodiments of a twelfth example of the present invention, when the UE  10  may perform the TPC for the PRACH transmission, the TPC may apply to each transmission resource  11  independently. 
     Modified Eleventh Example 
     According to one or more embodiments of a modified twelfth example of the present invention, when the UE  10  may perform the TPC for the PRACH transmission, the TPC may commonly apply to the switched transmission resources  11 . For example, when the UE  10  select (switch) the transmission resource  11  for the PRACH transmission (e.g., when the transmission resource (index) “1” is switched to the transmission resource (index) “2” and then the transmission resource (index) “2” is switched to the transmission resource (index) “1”), the common ramp up control may apply to the transmission resource (index) “1” and the transmission resource (index) “2.” As another example, the transmit power may be ramped up so that the transmit power of the transmission resource (index) “1” is x, the transmit power of the transmission resource (index) “2” is x+k, the transmit power of the transmission resource (index) “1” is x+2k, and the transmit power of the transmission resource (index) “2” is x+3k. Otherwise, for example, the transmit power may be ramped up so that the transmit power of the transmission resource (index) “1” is x, the transmit power of the transmission resource (index) “2” is x, the transmit power of the transmission resource (index) “1” is x+k, and the transmit power of the transmission resource (index) “2” is x+k. Here, the transmit power presented above can be presented in dB. 
     The transmit power for the PRACH transmission may be indicated as the following formula: 
         P   PRACH (dB)= x+k ( n− 1). 
     n is the number of PRACH transmission attempts. N is the number of the transmission resources of the UE. x is initial transmit power. k is a predetermined coefficient. 
     As another example, the transmit power for the PRACH transmission may be indicated as the following formula: 
         P   PRACH (dB)= x+k ┌( n− 1)/ N┐.  
 
     According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, the initial transmit power x may be determined based on the path loss or the reception quality (e.g., RSRP and RSRQ) of the downlink signals in all or part of the multiple transmission resources  11 . For example, the part of the multiple antennas  11  may be consist of the m transmission resources which have the higher reception quality. For example, the reception quality may be an average value of the reception quality in the multiple transmission resources  11 . 
     As another example, according to one or more embodiments of the present invention, the initial transmit power x may be determined based on the path loss or the reception quality of the downlink signals in one of the multiple transmission resource  11 . For example, the transmission resource  11  used for determination of the initial transmit power x may be the transmission resource  11  having the smallest path loss. 
     Transmission Timing Control 
     Thirteenth Example 
     According to one or more embodiments of a thirteenth example of the present invention, the UE  10  may perform different transmission timing control for each transmission resource  11 . For example, the UE  10  may independently perform timing advance control for each transmission resource  11 . As another example, the UE  10  may apply the simultaneous transmission timing to all or part of the transmission resources  11 . 
     Another Example of Transmit Power Control and Transmission Timing Control 
     For example, when radiation directions of the multiple transmission resources  11  are the same (or almost the same), the common TPC and transmission timing control may be applied to all or part of the transmission resources  11 . As another example, multiple transmission resources  11  (or antenna group) may be grouped. For example, a timing advance group associated with at least an transmission resource  11  may be defined. For example, multiple transmission resources  11  (or antenna group) may be grouped. For example, a TPC group associated with at least a transmission resource  11  may be defined. For example, each TPC group may apply the same TPC and each timing advance group may apply the same timing advance control. 
     As another example, a common transmission resource  11  may be used for a plurality of physical channels and signals. As another example, the common transmission resource  11  may be used for the uplink and the downlink transmission. As another example, the transmission resource selection may be performed based on the CSI or Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements. 
     Configuration of Base Station 
     The BS  20  according to one or more embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to  FIG. 15 .  FIG. 15  is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the BS  20  according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. The BS  20  may include a plurality of antennas  201 , amplifier  202 , transceiver (transmitter/receiver)  203 , a baseband signal processor  204 , a call processor  205  and a transmission path interface  206 . 
     User data that is transmitted on the DL from the BS  20  to the UE  20  is input from the core network  30 , through the transmission path interface  206 , into the baseband signal processor  204 . 
     In the baseband signal processor  204 , signals are subjected to Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer transmission processing such as division and coupling of user data and RLC retransmission control transmission processing, Medium Access Control (MAC) retransmission control, including, for example, HARQ transmission processing, scheduling, transport format selection, channel coding, inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, and precoding processing. Then, the resultant signals are transferred to each transceiver  203 . As for signals of the DL control channel, transmission processing is performed, including channel coding and inverse fast Fourier transform, and the resultant signals are transmitted to each transceiver  203 . 
     The baseband signal processor  204  notifies each UE  10  of control information (system information) for communication in the cell by higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling and broadcast channel). Information for communication in the cell includes, for example, UL or DL system bandwidth. 
     In each transceiver  203 , baseband signals that are precoded per antenna and output from the baseband signal processor  204  are subjected to frequency conversion processing into a radio frequency band. The amplifier  202  amplifies the radio frequency signals having been subjected to frequency conversion, and the resultant signals are transmitted from the antennas  201 . 
     As for data to be transmitted on the UL from the UE  10  to the BS  20 , radio frequency signals are received in each antennas  201 , amplified in the amplifier  202 , subjected to frequency conversion and converted into baseband signals in the transceiver  203 , and are input to the baseband signal processor  204 . 
     The baseband signal processor  204  performs FFT processing, IDFT processing, error correction decoding, MAC retransmission control reception processing, and RLC layer and PDCP layer reception processing on the user data included in the received baseband signals. Then, the resultant signals are transferred to the core network  30  through the transmission path interface  206 . The call processor  205  performs call processing such as setting up and releasing a communication channel, manages the state of the BS  20 , and manages the radio resources. 
     Configuration of User Equipment 
     The UE  10  according to one or more embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to  FIG. 15 .  FIG. 15  is a schematic configuration of the UE  10  according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. The UE  10  has a plurality of UE antennas  101 , amplifiers  102 , transceiver (transmitter/receiver)  103 , a baseband signal processor  104 , and an application  105 . 
     As for DL, radio frequency signals received in the UE antennas  101  are amplified in the respective amplifiers  102 , and subjected to frequency conversion into baseband signals in the transceiver (transmitter/receiver)  103 . These baseband signals are subjected to reception processing such as FFT processing, error correction decoding and retransmission control and so on, in the baseband signal processor  104 . The DL user data is transferred to the application  105 . The application  105  performs processing related to higher layers above the physical layer and the MAC layer. In the downlink data, broadcast information is also transferred to the application  105 . 
     On the other hand, UL user data is input from the application  105  to the baseband signal processor  104 . In the baseband signal processor  104 , retransmission control (Hybrid ARQ) transmission processing, channel coding, precoding, DFT processing, IFFT processing and so on are performed, and the resultant signals are transferred to each transceiver  103 . In the transceiver  103 , the baseband signals output from the baseband signal processor  104  are converted into a radio frequency band. After that, the frequency-converted radio frequency signals are amplified in the amplifier  102 , and then, transmitted from the antenna  101 . 
     In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the transmission resource may be replaced with an antenna group or another concept such as another antenna dimension (e.g., N3) in addition to the number of the vertical, horizontal, and polarized antennas. In one or more embodiments of the present invention, an index to group a plurality of antenna ports (for each transmission resource) may be introduced. 
     Although the present disclosure mainly described examples of uplink transmission, the present invention is not limited thereto. One or more embodiments of the present invention may apply to downlink transmission. Furthermore, one or more embodiments of the present invention may apply to methods for transmitting and receiving signals. For example, a method of the transmission resource selection in the UE may apply to a method of an antenna (or transmission resource) selection in the BS. 
     One or more embodiments of the present invention may be used for each of the uplink and the downlink independently. One or more embodiments of the present invention may be also used for both of the uplink and the downlink in common. For example, the transmission resource selection may be performed for each of the uplink and the downlink independently or for both of the uplink and the downlink in common. 
     One or more embodiments of the present invention may be used for each physical channel (or physical signal) independently. One or more embodiments of the present invention may be also used for a plurality of physical channels (or physical signals) in common. For example, the transmission resource selection may be performed for each physical channel (or physical signal) independently or for a plurality of physical channels (or physical signals) in common. 
     Although the present disclosure mainly described examples of physical channels and physical signals such as the PUSCH, the SRS, the PUCCH, the PRACH, and the DM-RS, the present invention is not limited thereto. One or more embodiments of the present invention may apply to another channel and signal. 
     Although the present disclosure mainly described examples of a channel and signaling scheme based on LTE/LTE-A, the present invention is not limited thereto. One or more embodiments of the present invention may apply to another channel and signaling scheme having the same functions as LTE/LTE-A, New Radio (NR), and a newly defined channel and signaling scheme. 
     Although the present disclosure mainly described examples of the UE including planer antennas, the present invention is not limited thereto. One or more embodiments of the present invention may also apply to the UE including one dimensional antennas and predetermined three dimensional antennas. 
     In one or more embodiments of the present invention, it may not be required that each of the multiple transmission resources has different directivity from each other. One or more embodiments of the present invention may also apply to the multiple transmission resources have the same directivity. 
     The above examples and modified examples may be combined with each other, and various features of these examples can be combined with each other in various combinations. The invention is not limited to the specific combinations disclosed herein. 
     Although the disclosure has been described with respect to only a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having benefit of this disclosure, will appreciate that various other embodiments may be devised without departing from the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the attached claims. 
     EXPLANATION OF REFERENCES 
     
         
         
           
               1  Wireless communication system 
               10  User equipment (UE) 
               11  Transmission resource 
               101  Antenna 
               102  Amplifier 
               103  Transceiver (transmitter/receiver) 
               104  Baseband signal processor 
               105  Application 
               20  Base station (BS) 
               201  Antenna 
               202  Amplifier 
               203  Transceiver (transmitter/receiver) 
               204  Baseband signal processor 
               205  Call processor 
               206  Transmission path interface