Patent Publication Number: US-2007099253-A1

Title: Method for producing a specific antiserum against the universal tumorous antigen and method for diagnosing malignant tumours using said antiserum

Description:
This application is a Continuation of co-pending application Ser. No. 09/673,686 filed on Jul. 25, 2001 and for which priority is claimed under 35 U.S.C § 120. Application Ser. No. 09/673,686 is the national phase of PCT International Application No. PCT/RU1998/000143 filed on May 18, 1998 under 35 U.S.C. § 371. The entire contents of each of the above-identified applications are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF INVENTION  
      The present invention pertains to the field of medicine, particularly to oncology, its spheres and diagnosing malignant tumors.  
     BACKGROUND OF INVENTION  
      A brief review of immunodiagnostics in oncology shows the following.  
      In 1949 it was first mentioned by L. A. Zilber and in 1957 it was proven by T. Pran and G. Main that malignant cells have their own antigens.  
      According to Abilev there are 4 groups of antigens.  
      1) Viral tumorous antigens. They are identical for any viral tumor of this type.  
      2) Carcinogenic tumorous antigens. They are individual for patients as well as for tumors.  
      3) Isoantigens of transplantation type or tumorous-specific transplantation antigens. They are different in all individual types of tumors, induced by chemical agents. And they are the same in different tumors caused by the same virus.  
      4) Embryonic antigens.  
      During the process of carcinogenesis, cells are put to dedifferentiation, thus they acquire an embryonal structure. In them there are to be found embryonic antigens, specific to embryonic development of organisms. These antigens can immunize the organism against tumors. The more studied antigens are the following: α-fetoprotein and cancer embryonic antigen (CEA). The former is to be found by carcinoma of the liver, the latter—by adenocarcinomas of the intestine, stomach, esophagus and pancreas.  
      Children having neuroblastoma, lymphosarcoma or tumor of the brain have α2-fetoprotein. Those who have carcinoma of the stomach have fetal sulfoglycoprotein. The above mentioned antigens are localized inside the cell membrane or circulating in the blood.  
      There is a specific group of antigens, so called heterospecific antigens, existing. They could not be classified as heterologous to the organism, which besides tumors they exist in other normal tissues. Among heterospecific antigens there is a renal antigen, which exists as a norm in the kidney and in the tumor of liver-hepatoma.  
      Adenocarcinoma of kidney contains an antigen of lungs and liver.  
      The immunological diagnosis of malignant tumors is based on indication in the subject&#39;s blood the above mentioned antigens, antibodies to them and on revealing lymphocytes sensitized to tumoral antigen.  
      Methods for diagnosing lymphosarcoma and neuroblastoma are based on revealing α-fetoprotein. (On revealing antibodies to CEA—see Method in the Patent RU, 2077725, G. 01 N 33/53.)  
      On revealing heterogenous antigens see Patent RU N 2063768, 1991, A 61K 39/00, Patent RU N 2025734, MPK G 01 N 33/53, author&#39;s certificate USSR N 170922, author&#39;s certificate N 1589215.  
      In the author&#39;s certificate N 1805392 (G 01 N 33/53) the method for diagnosing cancer by lymphocyte antigens (H1a-b 35) is described.  
      In fact, no test of the existing level of diagnosis is universal. Revealing antibodies in blood is a less reliable test, for in human blood there is a very wide spectrum of antitumoral and tissue antibodies. There is no method existing for revealing a specific universal tumorous antigen.  
      In this field perspective is revealing sensitized lymphocytes which inhibit the growth of malignant cells. Though, they are active only against “their own” type of tumor.  
      Thus, the used methods for tumor immunological diagnosis do not satisfy in all respects the requirements of primary diagnosis of tumors, they are totally unsatisfactory in screening malignant neoplasms and groups of high risk. Therefore, they may be used to a certain degree only in immunomonitoring healing of malignant tumors.  
      Failures in existing methods may be explained by the fact that the used antiserums against malignant tumorous antigens do not satisfy their own characteristics 
    
    
     REVELATION OF THE INVENTION  
      The aim of the Invention is producing antiserum against universal tumorous antigen, independent of tumor and organ type.  
      The prototype of the claimed method for producing specific antiserum as well as the method for diagnosis using the said antiserum is the method described in Patent RU N2063768, 1991, IPC, A 61 K 39/00 This method involves sampling tumor tissues from dead men, freezing it, obtaining a cell suspension, cell dispersion and decantation, extraction of antigens from suspernatant fluid, extract immunization of animals, sampling blood from the immunized animals, obtaining the product from it, filling the specific antiserum into the reaction with the subject&#39;s blood, on the result of which a tumor is being diagnosed.  
      The claimed method unlike the well-known one allows obtaining antiserum for idiotype of the T-cellular receptor functioning in malignant tumors, that is to obtain antiidotypic antiembryonic serum. Such serum allows diagnosis of all types of tumors independently of their genesis and situs.  
      To accomplish the method for producing specific antiserum it is necessary to carry out two-stage immunization. That involves sampling an embryo at the fetal stage from animals of the same genetic type, dispersing it, obtaining a cell suspension. Then the animal of the same genetic line is immunized by the cell suspension. After immunization it is necessary to sample spleen cells from the animal, to separate lymphocytes from the cell suspension at density gradient of 1,065-1,079. Using the above-mentioned lymphocytes it is necessary to accomplish multiple immunization of syngeneic intact animals and then obtain antiserum from them using the standard method. This antiserum should be filtered (approximate diameter of pores in filters is 20 mcm).  
      The obtained antiserum has given reaction of precipitation with different types of tumors sampled from different people and in different organs.  
      It allowed devising methods for diagnosing malignant tumors on the basis of the obtained antiserum.  
      The well-known analogous methods for diagnosing tumors do not possess high enough sensibility. Even the more effective among them have the sensitivity level of not more than 40-60%. Such a low level of well-known oncologic immunodiagnostic tests can be explained so that the oncomarkers, used in said reactions, do not in fact satisfy their own characteristics. They are organo-specific or oncofetal antigens, characteristic of individual organisms or systems of organs in a norm. It leads to the following; an expected universal immunological expression of only tumor formation mechanism pecularities is substituted by individual immunological expression, characteristic of non-tumorous conditions (inflammation, collagenosis).  
      Organo-specific antigens are well-known for being not binding for tumoral cell-transformation. That gives high percent of false positive results in diagnosing malignant tumors.  
      The proposed method for revealing of the oncomarker strongly differs from the well-known ones by disclosing a universal highly specific antigenic marker of tumoral growth, preserved during the whole period of tumoral progression.  
      The method is based on the results of author&#39;s theoretical and experimental works establishing that in histologically different cells of malignant tumors there is a process stable in tumoral progression functioning, which recognizes superficial embryospecific antigens. The mechanism is proved to be on the basis of tumor formation (immortalization and progress) phenomena.  
      To carry out the present method for diagnosing tumors it is necessary to obtain the specific antiserum using the proposed method, to fill the antiserum against universal tumoral antigen into immunological reaction with the subject&#39;s tissues or physiologic fluid. After it the tumor is diagnosed by immuno-fluorescence or by blood tests. Tissues of tumor in immuno-fluorescence reaction or the subject&#39;s blood test can be used as tissues.  
      The tumor diagnosis is proved by statistically reliable differences of the reaction results between tentative and control tests.  
      By obtaining the blood test the following formula for calculating the differences between tentative and control tests should be used:  
       α   =              (     A   -         B   1     +     B   2       2       )          ×   X     50         
 
      where α—diagnostic coefficient, if there is a tumor α≧1.5  
      A—definition of blood test in tentative test (the antiserum for tumor antigen is added to the subject&#39;s citrated blood)  
      B 1  and B 2 —definition of the blood test in control tests (the serum of the same animal, used for obtaining the antiserum, is added to the patient&#39;s citrated blood)  
      X—maximum definition of the blood test in the test  
      A or the average B 1  and B 2 , that is  
           B   1     +     B   2       2       
 
     VARIANTS OF INVENTION ACCOMPLISHMENT  
      An example of accomplishing method for diagnosing malignant tumors.  
      At the fetal stage an embryo is sampled from Wistar line rats, of 300-500 g weight. The embryo&#39;s tissues are dispersed in the medium 199 at the following proportion of volumes and tissue: medium 199 1:5. The obtained suspension is used for weekly immunization of intact Wistar line rats.  
      After a period of 1.5 month spleen cells are taken from the animals, dispersed and at the phyco-verografin gradient 1.065-1.079 lymphocytes are obtained.  
      From the said lymphocytes a suspension is obtained: medium 199 at the correlation 1:1, which is weekly put into other intact rats. After five immunizations the rats are killed, the blood is taken from them, “lightened”, the antiserum is obtained from it, filtered. With the above mentioned antiserum the blood test was taken from the below mentioned groups of patients. To carry out the blood test the standard capillary with innerdiameter about 0.8 mm is used 800 mcl of whole fresh venous blood, taken during the analysis, not later then 20 seconds after the moment of taking, is added to 200 mcl of 5%-sodium citrate buffer solution.  
      The analysis should be carried out within 60 minutes since mixing the blood and the preservative. The analysis must not be taken in the case of hemolysis or coagulation. The blood should be shared into 3 parts, 70 mcl each, the parts should be put into three separate test-tubes. One of the parts should be added with a tentative (with antibodies) serum, the two others should be added with the control (without antibodies) serum, 20 mcl each. The sera are to be filled directly into the blood with preservative, not on the walls. The capillaries should be of the same size. The mixtures are mixed and filled into the capillaries to the level mark 5/0. This way they are to be kept 60 minutes. 60 minutes later the indices are to be read and calculated according to the above mentioned mathematic formula.  
      The antiserum, obtained by the method using Wistar line rats, was used for diagnosing disease with certain patients.  
      In the blood test of a patient K., 1942 y.o.,  
      d-s; rectum carcinoma, the obtained results were the following:  
      A=25, B 1 =28, B 2 =28  
      According to the mathematic formula the coefficient α was calculated:  
         α   =                (     25   -       25   +   28     2       )          ×   28     50     =   1       ,   7       
 
      1.7&gt;1.5, that is diagnosis malignant tumor was proven.  
      In the blood test of a patient with fibroma of lobule of the auricle the results were the following.  
      A=10, B 1 =12, B 2 =12  
      According to the mathematic formula the α coefficient was calculated:  
       α   =                (     10   -       12   +   12     2       )          ×   12     50     =   0.48         
 
      α&lt;1.5, that is diagnosis of benign tumor was proved.  
      Below there are the results of the investigating a group of patients having malignant tumors.  
      Comedocarcinoma—125 patients  
      Sensibility—83.2%  
      Carcinoma of the lung—247 patients  
      Sensibility—98.1%  
      Carcinoma of the stomach—156 patients  
      Sensibility—85.2%  
      Carcinoma of the colon intestine—23 patients  
      Sensibility—82.5%  
      Carcinoma of the rectum intestine 27 patients  
      Sensibility—92.5%  
      Struma maligna—58% patients  
      Sensibility—79.5%  
      Cardnoma of the kidney—38 patients  
      Sensibility—78.6%  
      Carcinoma of the body of the womb—412 patients  
      Sensibility—75.0%  
      Carcinoma of the neck of the womb—41 patients  
      Sensibility—818%  
      Control Group  
      Almost healthy—400 patients  
      Sensibility—5.1%  
      Mastopathia cystica-fibrotic—221 patients  
      Sensibility—8.3%  
      Gastritis—120 patients  
      Sensibility—6.2%  
      Gastric ulcer—62 patients  
      Sensibility—8.3%  
      Collagenosis—40 patients,  
      Sensibility—6.5%  
      Pneumonia—40 patients,  
      Sensibility 7.2%  
      (acute and chronic)  
      Prostatitis—18 patients,  
      Sensibility—2.1%  
      Chronic colitis—115 patients,  
      Sensibility—4.2%  
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY  
      Conclusion: The proposed method possesses sensibility of not less than 92.4%, it is a highly effective diagnosing test.  
      In the application the specific antiserum against universal tumoral antigen is the main component of the diagnosing device, on sale in Russia and abroad under the trade mark Turtest R.