Patent Publication Number: US-2013248071-A1

Title: Pneumatic tire manufacturing method and pneumatic tire

Description:
This application is a Divisional of application Ser. No. 12/334,017, filed Dec. 12, 2008. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to: a method of manufacturing a pneumatic tire having surface fasteners on its tire inner surface; and a pneumatic tire manufactured by the method. Specifically, the present invention relates to a pneumatic tire manufacturing method which improves the productivity of pneumatic tires each having surface fasteners on its tire inner surface, and which avoids manufacturing a pneumatic tire having a deteriorated uniformity, as well as which prevents engagement elements of each surface fastener from being crushed. The present invention also relates to a pneumatic tire manufactured by the manufacturing method. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     In a pneumatic tire, noise absorbing materials are provided to the inner surface of the tire cavity for the purpose of reducing cavity resonance. The applicant of the present invention has made a proposal on a pneumatic tire having surface fasteners each made of a resin such as nylon or polyester on the tire inner surface so that such noise absorbing materials can be attached to the tire easily (see Japanese patent application Kokai publication No. 2006-44503, for example). 
     Surface fasteners capable of engaging with the surface fasteners provided to the tire inner surface are also attached to the noise absorbing materials. The surface fasteners attached to the noise absorbing materials are engaged with the surface fasteners provided to the tire inner surface, respectively. This engagement scheme enables the noise absorbing materials to be easily attached to and easily detached as needed from the tire inner surface. 
     In general, a pneumatic tire of the foregoing type having surface fasteners on the tire inner surface is produced by curing a formed green tire having the surface fasteners beforehand adhered to its inner surface. The pneumatic tire manufacturing method includes a step of deforming a first formed body into a toroidal shape by expansion, the first formed body having been obtained by beforehand adhering an inner liner layer, a carcass layer and the like together on a making drum. In this deforming step, if the surface fasteners each made of a resin such as nylon and polyester are annularly attached to the first formed body which has not yet been deformed by expansion, the surface fasteners can not follow the posterior deformation of the first formed body by expansion, thus falling off from the green tire, since the inner periphery length of the first formed body is extended to a large extent. For this reason, such surface fasteners are attached to the green tire after the first formed body is deformed into the toroidal shape by expansion. 
     However, the surface fasteners need to be attached to the inner surface of the cavity of the green tire. The attachment requires meticulous work and results in a lower workability. This is a cause of decreasing the productivity. In addition, the surface fasteners are attached to the curved inner surface by hand. This manual work makes it difficult to attach the surface fasteners to the inner surface around an entire circuit of the tire evenly, and inevitably results in deteriorated uniformity. 
     In general, the green tire is cured in the mold while pressed from its inside by a bladder. As a result, engagement elements of each surface fastener which are exposed to the tire inner surface may be crushed by a pressing force of the bladder. For this reason, measures for this problem are required to be taken as well. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to provide a pneumatic tire manufacturing method which improves the productivity of pneumatic tires each having surface fasteners on its tire inner surface, and which avoids manufacturing a pneumatic tire having a deteriorated uniformity, as well as which prevents engagement elements of each surface fastener from being crushed. The object of the present invention is to additionally provide a pneumatic tire manufactured by the manufacturing method. 
     The pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention made for the purpose of attaining the foregoing object is characterized by including the steps of, in making a green tire having two-side fasteners in its tire inner surface in its tire circumferential direction, each two-side fastener including an engagement element group on both sides: covering the engagement element groups on first sides of the two-side fasteners with a protective rubber layer made of an uncured rubber; making a cylindrical first formed body on a making drum, with the two-side fasteners covered with the protective rubber layer being intermittently attached to an inner circumferential surface of the first formed body in a circumferential direction thereof with the engagement element groups on second sides of the two-side fasteners being interposed in between; bonding the first formed body to an inner circumference of an annular second formed body by compression through expanding the first formed body into a toroidal shape, and thereby making the green tire; and curing the green tire inside a mold of a curing machine while pressing the green tire from its inside by a bladder. 
     The pneumatic tire according to the present invention is characterized by being manufactured by the pneumatic tire manufacturing method. 
     The present invention is capable of avoiding falling off of the two-side fasteners from the inner circumferential surface of the first formed body while the first formed body is being deformed into the toroidal shape by expansion. That is because the present invention described above causes the first formed body to be made by intermittently attaching the two-side fasteners to the inner circumferential surface of the first formed body. Thus, the intermittent portions of the first formed body between the neighboring two-side fasteners are allowed to be stretched by following the expanding deformation of the first formed body into the toroidal shape while not obstructed by the two-side fasteners, when the first formed body is thus deformed. 
     Consequently, the present invention makes it possible to attach the two-side fasteners to the inner circumferential surface of the first formed body on the making drum. This makes it easy to attach the two-side fasteners thereto, and makes it possible to enhance the productivity. Concurrently, this makes it possible to easily attach the two-side fasteners to the predetermined locations on the making drum. For this reason, the present invention is capable of preventing unbalanced attachments of the two-side fasteners, and is accordingly capable of avoiding manufacturing a pneumatic tire having a deteriorated uniformity. 
     In addition, the present invention causes the protective rubber layer to protect, at the time of curing, the engagement element groups on the first sides of the two-side fasteners to which an attachment such as a noise absorbing material is detachably attached. For this reason, the present invention prevents the engagement element groups from being crushed by the pressing force of the bladder. 
     Furthermore, the present invention uses the two-side fasteners instead of an adhesive or the like. The two-side fasteners are attached to the inner circumferential surface of the first formed body by use of the engagement element groups on the second sides of the two-side fasteners. For this reason, no adhesive or the like needs to be applied to the fasteners in this attachment. Accordingly, the present invention makes it easy to attach the fasteners thereto, and thus makes it possible to enhance the productivity. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a half cross-sectional view showing an example of a pneumatic tire manufactured by a pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a partial and simplistic perspective view showing the pneumatic tire whose part is cut away for the purpose of showing a tire inner surface of the pneumatic tire. 
         FIG. 3  is a magnified cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a two-side fastener shown in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a step of making a protective rubber layer having two-side fasteners which is obtained by attaching the two-side fasteners to the protective rubber layer in a first embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a step of winding the protective rubber layer having the two-side fasteners around a making drum in the first embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a step of making a first formed body by further winding other tire components around the protective rubber layer having the two-side fasteners in the first embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a step of bonding the first formed body to a second formed body by compression through expanding the first formed body in the first embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a way of making a green tire by making a laminated body obtained by laying the protective rubber layer having the two-side fasteners on an inner liner layer in the first embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a step of making a protective rubber layer having a two-side fastener obtained by attaching the two-side fastener to the protective rubber layer in a second embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 10  is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a step of cutting the two-side fastener in the second embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 11  is a partial explanatory view showing an inner surface of a deformed inner liner layer with the protective rubber layer being removed in the second embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 12  is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a way of making a green tire by making a laminated body obtained by laying the protective rubber layer having the two-side fastener on the inner liner layer in the second embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 13  is a partial plan view of a two-side fastener used in a third embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 14  is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a step of making a protective rubber layer having the two-side fastener obtained by attaching the two-side fastener to the protective rubber layer in the third embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method of the present invention. 
         FIG. 15  is a partial explanatory view showing an inner surface of a deformed inner liner layer with the protective rubber layer being removed in the third embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 16  is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a way of making a green tire by making a laminated body obtained by laying the protective rubber layer having the two-side fastener on the inner liner layer in the third embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 17  is a partial perspective explanatory view of a two-side fastener used in a fourth embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 18  is a partial perspective explanatory view showing a step of attaching a protective rubber layer to the two-side fastener in the fourth embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 19  is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a step of laying the two-side fastener to which the protective rubber layer is attached on an inner liner layer in the fourth embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 20  is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a step of making a protective rubber layer having a two-side fastener obtained by attaching the two-side fastener to the protective rubber layer in a fifth embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 21  is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a step of forming the protective rubber layer having the two-side fastener into a particular shape in the fifth embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 22  is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a step of attaching the thus-formed protective rubber layer having the two-side fastener to an inner liner layer in the fifth embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 23  is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a way of making a green tire by use of multiple two-side fasteners in the fifth embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 24  is a partial cross-sectional view showing a desirable example of a bladder. 
         FIG. 25  is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a case in which a rear rubber layer is used. 
         FIG. 26  is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a case in which a rubber releasing film is used. 
         FIG. 27  is a simplistic cross-sectional view showing another example of a pneumatic tire having two-side fasteners in its tire inner surface, which is manufactured by the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Detailed descriptions will be provided hereinbelow for embodiments of the present invention by referring to the attached drawings. 
       FIG. 1  shows an example of a pneumatic tire manufactured by a pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. Reference numeral T denotes the pneumatic tire;  1 , a tread part;  2 , a sidewall part; and  3 , a bead part. 
     Inside the tire, a carcass layer  4  is extended between left and right bead parts  3 . The carcass layer  4  is obtained by burying reinforcement cords in a rubber layer in a way that the reinforcement cords are arranged one after another in predetermined intervals in a tire circumferential direction. In this respect, each reinforcement cord extends in a tire radial direction. Each of the two end portions of the carcass layer  4  is folded back around a bead core  5  buried in the bead part  3  from the tire inside to the tire outside in a tire axial direction in a way that the folded-back portions of each end portion of the carcass layer  4  interpose a bead filler  6 . 
     Multiple belt layers  7  and a belt reinforcement layer  7   a  are provided at the outer peripheral side of the carcass layer  4  in the tread part  1 . A tread rubber layer  8  is provided at the outer peripheral side of the belt reinforcement layer  7   a.  A side rubber layer  9  is provided at the outer side of the carcass layer  4  in the sidewall part  2 . A cushion rubber layer  10  is provided at the outer side of each folded-back portion of the carcass layer  4  in the bead part  3 . 
     An inner liner layer  11  is arranged in the inner side of the carcass layer  4 . The inner liner layer  11  functions as an air-permeation preventing layer. As shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , multiple two-side fasteners  12  are intermittently attached to an inner surface  11   a  of the inner liner layer  11  at predetermined intervals in the tread part  1  in the tire circumferential direction. Furthermore, a belt-shaped protective rubber layer  13  is provided in an annular shape on the inner surface  11   a  in a way that all of the multiple two-side fasteners  12  are covered with the protective rubber layer  13 . 
     Each two-side fastener  12  is made of a resin. As shown in  FIG. 3 , each two-side fastener  12  has a structure in which engagement element groups  12   x,    12   y  are provided in the two sides of a sheet-shaped base material (a base fabric)  12 N, respectively. An attachment such as a noise absorbing material (not illustrated) is detachably engaged with the engagement element group  12   x  on a first side  12   a  of each two-side fastener  12  (a first side of the base material  12 N). The engagement element group  12   y  on a second side  12   b  of the two-side fastener  12  (a second side of the base material  12 N) is buried in the inner liner layer  11 , and thus functions as anchor elements. 
     Descriptions will be provided hereinbelow for a method of manufacturing the pneumatic tire T configured as shown in  FIG. 1  by use of a first embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention by referring to  FIGS. 4 to 7 . 
     First of all, as shown in  FIG. 4 , multiple two-side fasteners  12  are intermittently attached to a first side  13 ′ a  of a belt-shaped protective rubber layer  13 ′ made of an uncured rubber at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the protective rubber layer  13 ′ in away that the engagement element group  12   x  on the first side  12   a  of each two-side fastener  12  is buried in the first side  13 ′ a  of the protective rubber sheet  13 ′. Thereby, a protective rubber layer  14  with the two-side fasteners is formed. 
     It is desirable that the length of each two-side fastener  12  should be as short as possible in the longitudinal direction of the protective rubber layer as long as the length of the two-side fastener is long enough for its corresponding attachment to be attached to the two-side fastener. A portion of the protective rubber layer  14  to which each two-side fastener  12  is attached is not stretched because the two-side fastener  12  restricts the portion of the protective rubber layer  14 . Consequently, when a first formed body  22  is expanded as described later, the portion of the protective rubber layer  14  restricts the expansion of the carcass layer located inward of the protective rubber layer  14 . For this reason, the intermittent arrangement of the multiple two-side fasteners  12  each formed shorter in length makes it possible to check the arrangement of the reinforcement cords in the carcass layer  4  from being put out of order. 
     Subsequently, as shown in  FIG. 5 , the protective rubber layer  14  with the two-side fasteners is entirely adhered onto (wound around) a making drum  21  into an annular shape with the multiple two-side fasteners  12  being located outward, and with the protective rubber layer  13 ′ being located closer to the making drum  21 . 
     After the protective rubber layer  14  with the two-side fasteners is adhered onto the making drum  21 , an uncured inner liner  11 ′, an uncured carcass layer  4 ′, a bead core  5  to which an uncured bead filler  6 ′ is attached, an uncured cushion rubber layer  10 ′ and an uncured side rubber layer  9 ′ are sequentially adhered onto the protective rubber layer  14  with the two-side fasteners in the same manner as a conventional type of pneumatic tire. Thereby, the first formed body  22  shaped like a cylinder is made, which has the left and right end portions being folded in the inner circumferential direction (see  FIG. 6 ). In other words, the inner liner layer  11 ′ is wound around the protective rubber layer  14  with the two-side fasteners in such a way as to be shaped like a cylinder with the engagement element groups  12   y  of the second sides  12   b  of the multiple two-side fasteners  12  being buried in the inner liner layer  11 ′. Subsequently, the other tire components constituting the first formed body  22  are adhered onto the inner liner layer  11 ′ thus wounded. Thereby, the first formed body  22  is formed on the making drum  21 . 
     Thereafter, the first formed body  22  is removed from the making drum  21 . As shown in  FIG. 7 , the first formed body  22  thus removed is attached to a shaping drum  23 . After that, an inflation pressure is applied to the first formed body  22  thus attached. Hence, the first formed body  22  is lifted. Thereby, the first formed body  22  is deformed into a toroidal shape by expansion. At this time, even if the inner circumferential length of the first formed body  22  is increased to a large extent, the two-side fasteners  12  do not fall off from the uncured inner liner layer  11 ′. That is because a rubber portion of the uncured inner liner layer  11 ′ existing between each two neighboring two-side fasteners  12  stretches in response to the deformation of the first formed body  22  while not obstructed by the two-side fasteners  12 . 
     The first formed body  22  thus deformed into the toroidal shape by expansion is bonded to the inner circumference of a second formed body  24  arranged in the outer circumference of the first formed body  22  by compression. In this respect, the second formed body  24  is obtained by adhering uncured belt layers  7 ′, an uncured belt reinforcement layer  7   a′  and an uncured tread rubber layer  8 ′ together, and is formed into an annular shape. The uncured tread rubber layer  8 ′ is adhered to the outer circumference of the uncured belt reinforcement layer  7   a′.  Thereby, a green tire is made in which the two-side fasteners  12  are arranged on the tire inner surface in the tire circumferential direction and are covered with the protective rubber layer  13 ′. 
     Subsequently, the protective rubber layer  13 ′ is cured by heating. Thereafter, the resultant green tire is set in a mold of a tire curing machine. After that, the green tire thus set is cured while being pressed from its inside to the mold by a bladder. At this time, the engagement element groups  12 X provided to the first sides  12   a  of the two-side fasteners  12  for detachably attaching the attachment such as a noise absorbing material to the two-side fasteners  12  are protected by the protective rubber layer  13 . For this reason, no engagement elements x of each engagement element group  12   x  are crushed by the pressing force of the bladder. 
     After its curing, the cured tire is removed from the tire curing machine. Thereby, the pneumatic tire T shown in  FIG. 1  is obtained. Although the protective rubber layer  13  is attached to the pneumatic tire T shown in  FIG. 1 , a pneumatic tire having no protective rubber layer  13  may be manufactured by removing the protective rubber layer  13  from the cured tire depending on the necessity. 
     In this embodiment, the first formed body  22  is made by adhering the protective rubber layer  14  with the two-side fasteners to the making drum  21  and then adhering the uncured inner liner layer  11 ′ onto the protective rubber layer  14  with the two-side fasteners. Instead, the first formed body  22  may be made as follows. The protective rubber layer  14  with the two-side fasteners is beforehand laid on the inner liner layer  11 ′ in a way that the engagement element groups  12   y  on the second sides  12   b  of the two-side fasteners  12  are buried in the inner liner layer  11 ′ (see  FIG. 8 ). Subsequently, a laminated body  15  obtained by laying the protective rubber layer  14  with the two-side fasteners on the inner liner layer  11 ′ is wound around the making drum  21  into a cylindrical shape with the protective rubber layer  13 ′ being located closer to the making drum  21 . After that, the other tire components constituting the first formed body  22  are adhered onto the laminated body  15 . Thereby, the first formed body  22  is made. 
     As described above, in making the green tire provided with the two-side fasteners  12  on its tire inner surface in its tire circumferential direction, the present invention causes the first formed body  22  to be made by intermittently attaching the two-side fasteners  12  to the first formed body  22 . For this reason, when the first formed body  22  is deformed into a toroidal shape by expansion, the rubber portion of the inner liner layer  11 ′ between each two-side fasteners  12  attached to the inner line liner  11 ′ is stretched by following the deformation of the first formed body  22  while not obstructed by the two-side fasteners  12 . Accordingly, the present invention is capable of avoiding falling off of the two-side fasteners  12  from the inner liner layer  11 ′. 
     This makes it possible to attach the two-side fasteners  12  to the first formed body  22  on the making drum  21 . For this reason, the present invention makes it easy to attach the two-side fasteners to the first formed body  22 , and is accordingly capable of enhancing the productivity. In addition, the present invention makes it possible to easily attach the two-side fasteners  12  to the respective predetermined locations on the making drum  21 , and is accordingly capable of preventing the pneumatic tire from deteriorating its uniformity due to unbalanced attachments of the two-side fasteners  12 . 
     Furthermore, the present invention causes the protective rubber layer  13  to protect the engagement element groups  12   x  on the first sides  12   a  of the two-side fasters  12  to which the attachment such as a noise absorbing material is detachably attached, while the green tire is being cured, respectively. Accordingly, the present invention is capable of preventing the engagement element groups  12   x  from being crushed by the pressing force of the bladder. 
     Moreover, the present invention uses the two-side fasteners  12  instead of an adhesive or the like. The two-side fasteners  12  are attached to the inner liner layer  11 ′ by use of the engagement element groups  12   y  on the second sides  12   b  of the two-side fasteners  12 . Thus, no adhesive or the like needs to be applied to the fasteners  12  in this attachment. Accordingly, the present invention makes it easy to attach the fasteners  12  to the inner liner layer  11 ′, and is thus capable of enhancing the productivity further. 
       FIGS. 9 to 11  show a second embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 9 , this manufacturing method causes a protective rubber layer  14  with a two-side fastener to be made by intermittently attaching a single belt-shaped two-side fastener  12  on a first side  13 ′ a  of a single belt-shaped protective rubber layer  13 ′ made of an uncured rubber in a longitudinal direction of the protective rubber layer  13 ′ in a way that engagement element groups  12   x  on a first side  12   a  of the two-side fastener  12  are buried in the first side  13 ′ a  of the protective rubber layer  13 ′. In this respect, the engagement element groups  12   x  are arranged on the first side  12   a  of the two-side fastener  12  at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the two-side fastener  12 , whereas engagement element groups  12   y  are arranged on a second side  12   b  of the two-side fastener  12  at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction thereof. 
     Subsequently, as shown in  FIG. 10 , the belt-shaped two-side fastener  12  is cut between each two neighboring engagement element groups  12   x  or  12   y.  Thereby, the two-side fastener  12  has a constitution in which multiple two-side fastener pieces  12 A are arranged. From a viewpoint of a better balance, it is desirable that the belt-shaped two-side fastener  12  should be cut in the middle between each two neighboring engagement element groups  12   x  or  12   y.    
     Thereafter, in the same manner as are shown in  FIGS. 5 to 7 , the protective rubber layer  14  with the two-side fastener thus cut is wound entirely around a making drum  21  into an annular shape with the two-side fastener  12  being located outward, and with the protective rubber layer  13 ′ being located closer to the making drum  21 . Thereby, the green tire is made. When a first formed body  22  is deformed into a toroidal shape by expansion, a rubber portion  11 ′ r  of an inner liner layer  11 ′ between each two neighboring locations in which the two-side fastener pieces  12 A are attached to the inner liner layer  11 ′ is stretched by following the expanding deformation of the first formed body  22  (see  FIG. 11 ). For this reason, the two-side fastener  12  which is cut into the two-side fastener pieces  12 A does not fall off from the inner liner layer  11 ′ . In addition, the two-side fastener  12  is protected by the protective rubber layer  13  while the green tire is cured. Accordingly, the second embodiment is capable of offering the same effects as the first embodiment. 
     In the case of the second embodiment, the first formed body  22  may be similarly formed as follows. The protective rubber layer  14  with the two-side fastener thus cut is beforehand laid on the inner liner layer  11 ′ in a way that the engagement element groups  12   y  on the second side  12   b  of the two-side fastener  12  are buried in the inner liner layer  11 ′ (see  FIG. 12 ). Subsequently, a laminated body  15  obtained by laying the protective rubber layer  14  with the two-side fastener on the inner liner layer  11 ′ is wound around the making drum  21  into a cylindrical shape with the protective rubber layer  13 ′ being located closer to the making drum  21 . After that, the other tire components constituting the first formed body  22  are adhered onto the laminated body  15 . Thereby, the first formed body  22  is made. 
       FIGS. 13 to 16  show a third embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. As shown in  FIGS. 13 and 14 , this manufacturing method causes a protective rubber layer  14  with a two-side fastener to be made by use of a single belt-shaped two-side fastener  12  as follows. Engagement element groups  12   x  are arranged on a first side  12   a  of the two-side fastener  12  at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the two-side fastener  12 , whereas engagement element groups  12   y  are arranged on a second side  12   b  of the two-side fastener  12  at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction thereof. In addition, a cut line  16  is provided between each two neighboring engagement element groups  12   x  or  12   y.  As shown in  FIG. 14 , this belt-shaped two-side fastener  12  is intermittently attached onto a first side  13 ′ a  of a single belt-shaped protective rubber layer  13 ′ made of an uncured rubber in a longitudinal direction of the protective rubber layer  13 ′ in a way that the engagement element groups  12   x  on the first side  12   a  are buried in the first side  13 ′ a  of the protective rubber layer  13 ′. Thereby, the protective rubber layer  14  with the two-side fastener is made. 
     Thereafter, in the same manner as are shown in  FIGS. 5 to 7 , the protective rubber layer  14  with the two-side fastener is wound entirely around a making drum  21  into an annular shape with the two-side fastener  12  being located outward, and with the protective rubber layer  13 ′ being located closer to the making drum  21 . Thereby, the green tire is made. When a first formed body  22  is deformed into a toroidal shape by expansion, as shown in  FIG. 15 , the belt-shaped two-side fastener  12  is cut into two-side fastener parts  12 B along the cut lines  16 , and a rubber portion  11 ′ r  of an inner liner layer  11 ′ between each two neighboring locations in which the corresponding two-side fastener parts  12 B are intermittently attached to the inner liner layer  11 ′ is stretched by following the expanding deformation of the first formed body  22 . For this reason, the two-side fastener  12  does not fall off from the inner liner layer  11 ′. In addition, the two-side fastener  12  is protected by the protective rubber layer  13  while the green tire is cured. Accordingly, the third embodiment is capable of offering the same effects as the foregoing embodiments. 
     In the case of the third embodiment, the first formed body  22  may be similarly formed as follows. The protective rubber layer  14  with the two-side fastener is beforehand laid on the inner liner layer  11 ′ in a way that the engagement element groups  12   y  on the second side  12   b  of the two-side fastener  12  are buried in the inner liner layer  11 ′ (see  FIG. 16 ). Subsequently, a laminated body  15  obtained by laying the protective rubber layer  14  with the two-side fastener on the inner liner layer  11 ′ is wound around the making drum  21  into a cylindrical shape with the protective rubber layer  13 ′ being located closer to the making drum  21 . After that, the other tire components constituting the first formed body  22  are adhered onto the laminated body  15 . Thereby, the first formed body  22  is made. 
       FIGS. 17 to 19  show a fourth embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. In this manufacturing method, a belt-shaped two-side fastener  12  is constituted as shown in  FIGS. 17 and 19 . Specifically, engagement element groups  12   x  are arranged on a first side of a base material  12 N at predetermined intervals, whereas engagement element groups  12   y  are arranged on a second side of the base material  12 N at predetermined intervals. In addition, a folding line  17  crossing the two-side fastener  12  in a width direction thereof is formed in the middle of a base material portion  12 Na between each two neighboring engagement element groups  12   x  or  12   y.  Thereby, each base material portion  12 Na can be folded. This belt-shaped two-side fastener  12  is longer than the inner circumferential length of a first formed body  22  which is made on a making drum  21 , and is almost as long as the inner circumferential length of the first formed body  22  which is deformed by expansion. 
     As shown in  FIG. 18 , the engagement element groups  12   x  on the first side  12   a  of the belt-shaped two-side fastener  12  are respectively covered with protective rubber layers  13 ′ made of an uncured rubber. Subsequently, as shown in  FIG. 19 , the two-side fastener  12  thus covered is laid on an inner liner layer  11 ′ with the base material portion  12 Na, located between each two neighboring engagement element groups  12   x  or  12   y,  being folded in a way that the engagement element groups  12   y  on the second side  12   b  of the two-side fastener  12  are buried in the inner liner layer  11 ′. Thereby, the two-side fastener  12  is intermittently attached to the inner liner layer  11 ′ in a longitudinal direction thereof with the engagement element groups  12   y  being in between in a way that each base material portion  12 Na can be stretched in response. 
     Subsequently, as the same manner as is described above, a laminated body  15  obtained by laying the two-side fastener  12  covered with the protective rubber layer  13 ′ on the inner liner layer  11 ′ is wound around the making drum  21  into a cylindrical shape with the protective rubber layer  13 ′ being located closer to the making drum  21 . Thereafter, the other tire components constituting the first formed body  22  are adhered onto the laminated body  15  thus wound. Thereby, the first formed body  22  is made. Then, a green tire is made. When the first formed body  22  is deformed into a toroidal shape by expansion, a rubber portion  11 ′ r  of the inner liner layer  11 ′ between each two neighboring locations in which two corresponding engagement element groups are attached to the inner liner layer  11 ′ is stretched by following the deformation of the first formed body  22 . Simultaneously, a folded base material portion  12 Na is stretched by following the deformation of the rubber portion  11 ′. For this reason, the two-side fastener  12  does not fall off from the uncured rubber sheet  13 ′. In addition, the two-side fastener  12  is protected by the protective rubber layer  13  while the green tire is cured. Accordingly, the fourth embodiment is capable of offering the same effects as the foregoing embodiments. 
       FIGS. 20 to 22  show a fifth embodiment of the pneumatic tire manufacturing method according to the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 20 , this manufacturing method causes a single belt-shaped two-side fastener  12  to be attached to a belt-shaped protective rubber layer  13 ′ made of an uncured rubber in a longitudinal direction of the protective rubber layer  13 ′ in a way that a continuous engagement element group  12   x  on a first side of the two-side fastener  12  are buried in a first side  13 ′ a  of the protective rubber layer  13 ′. In this respect, the continuous engagement element group  12   x  is provided on the first side of the two-side fastener  12 , whereas a continuous engagement element group  12   y  is provided on a second side of the two-side fastener  12 . A protective rubber layer  14  with the two-side fastener which is obtained by attaching the two-side fastener  12  to the protective rubber layer  13 ′ is longer than the inner circumferential length of a first formed body  22  which is made on a making drum  21 , and is almost as long as the inner circumferential length of the first formed body which is deformed by expansion. 
     Subsequently, as shown in  FIG. 21 , the protective rubber layer  13 ′ is cured while the protective rubber layer  14  with the two-side fastener is formed into a meandering shape in its thickness direction. Thereby, a protective rubber layer  14 X with the two-side fastener formed into the meandering shape in its thickness direction (see  FIG. 22 ) is obtained. 
     After that, as shown in  FIG. 22 , the protective rubber layer  14 X with the two-side fastener thus formed is attached to an inner liner layer  11 ′ in a way that the engagement element group  12   y  on the second side of the two-side fastener  12  is intermittently buried in the inner liner layer  11 ′ at predetermined intervals. 
     A complex  18  obtained by attaching the protective rubber layer  14 X with the two-side fastener thus formed to the inner liner layer  11 ′ is wound around the making drum  21  into a cylindrical shape with the protective rubber layer  13  being located closer to the making drum  21 . Subsequently, in the same manner as is described above, the other tire components constituting the first formed body  22  are adhered onto the complex  18 . Thereby, the first formed body  22  is made. Then, a green tire is made. When the first formed body  22  is deformed into a toroidal shape by expansion, a rubber portion  11 ′ r  of the inner liner layer  11 ′ between each two neighboring locations in which the protective rubber layer  14 X with the two-side fastener thus formed is attached to the inner liner layer  11 ′ is stretched by following the expanding deformation of the first formed body  22 . Simultaneously, a meandering portion  14 Xa of the protective rubber layer  14 X with the two-side fastener thus formed is stretched by following the deformation of the rubber portion  11 ′ r.  For this reason, the two-side fastener  12  does not fall off from the inner liner layer  11 ′. In addition, the two-side fastener  12  is protected by the protective rubber layer  13  while the green tire is cured. Accordingly, the fifth embodiment is capable of offering the same effects as the foregoing embodiments. 
     In the case of the fifth embodiment, similarly, the first formed body  22  may be made as follows. After cured, the protective rubber layer  14 X with the two-side fastener thus formed is wound around the making drum  21  into a cylindrical shape while kept formed with the two-side fastener  12  being located outward. Subsequently, the inner liner layer  11 ′ is wound around this cylindrical protective rubber layer  14 X with the two-side fastener thus formed into a cylindrical shape in a way that the engagement element group  12   y  on a second side  12   b  of the two-side fastener  12  is intermittently buried in the inner liner layer  11 ′. After that, the other tire components constituting the first formed body  22  are adhered onto the inner liner layer  11 ′. Thereby, the first formed body  22  is made. 
     The embodiment shown in  FIGS. 20 to 22  uses the single belt-shaped two-side fastener  12 . Nevertheless, as shown in  FIG. 23 , multiple two-side fasteners  12  each shorter in length may be used for the embodiment. In this case, the two-side fasteners  12  are attached to first sides  13 ′ a  of protective rubber layers  13 ′ in a way that the engagement element groups  12   x  on first sides  12   a  thereof are buried in the first sides  13 ′ a,  respectively. Subsequently, the protective rubber layers  13 ′ are cured while protective rubber layers  14  with the two-side fasteners which are obtained by attaching the two-side fasteners  12  to the first sides  13 ′ a  is kept formed into the meandering shape in its thickness direction. Thereby, protective rubber layers  14 X with the two-side fasteners formed into the meandering shape in the thickness direction is obtained. 
     Thereafter, the cured protective rubber layers  14 X with the two-side fasteners thus formed are attached to the inner liner layer  11 ′ at predetermined intervals in a longitudinal direction of the inner liner layer  11 ′ in a way that the engagement element groups  12   y  on the second sides of the two-side fasteners  12  in the protective rubber layers  14 X with the two-side fasteners thus formed are intermittently buried in the inner liner layer  11 ′. Thus, a complex  18  obtained by attaching the protective rubber layers  14 X with two-side fasteners thus formed to the inner liner layer  11 ′ is made. This complex  18  is wound around the making drum  21  into a cylindrical shape with the protective rubber layers  13  being closer to the making drum  21  as described above. After that, the other tire components constituting the first formed body  22  are adhered onto the complex  18  thus wound. Thereby, the first formed body  22  is made. Then, a green tire is made. This manufacturing scheme is capable of offering the same effects as the foregoing embodiments. 
     In the present invention, for example, nylon or polyester may be cited as the resin used for the two-side fastener(s)  12 . From a viewpoint of the heat resistance, it is desirable that nylon should be used. Nylon 6, nylon 66 and their co-polymer nylon can be included in examples of such nylon. 
     No specific restriction is imposed on the shape and type of the two-side fastener(s)  12 . The engagement elements x and y may be shaped into any form like a hook, a loop, a wedge or the like as long as the engagement elements x and y are capable of engaging with the attachment and the inner liner layer  11 ′, respectively. In addition, it is desirable that each of the engagement elements x and y should be not less than 0.5 mm but not more than 2 mm in height. The heights of the engagement elements x and y in this range enhance the engagement effects. Furthermore, for the purpose of decreasing the adhesiveness with the protective rubber layer(s)  13 , a surface treatment using a rubber releasing agent maybe applied to the engagement elements x and y in the engagement element groups  12   x  and  12   y  of the two-side fastener  12 . 
     It is desirable that a rubber material used for the protective rubber layer(s)  13  should be selected from a viewpoint that the adhesiveness of the protective rubber layer(s)  13  with the engagement elements x and y in the engagement element groups  12   x  and  12   y  of the two-side fastener  12  needs to be lower. Nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) can be cited as a desirable example of the rubber material. It is desirable that the modulus of the protective rubber layer(s)  13  measured when the rubber is stretched by 100% should be set in a range of 0.2 MPa to 3 MPa. If the modulus thereof measured when the rubber is stretched by 100% is less than 0.2 MPa, the protective rubber layer(s)  13  is apt to tear while the pneumatic tire is under production. On the contrary, if the modulus exceeds 3 MPa, the protective rubber layer(s)  13  is hard to be stretched in the stretch of the pneumatic tire (apt to fall off from the tire). Note that the modulus of the protective rubber layer(s)  13  should be measured by use of a No. 3 dumbbell specimen in accordance with JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) K6251 when the rubber is stretched by 100%. 
     In the case where, as described above, the engagement element group(s)  12   y  on the second side(s) of the two-side fastener(s)  12  is used as the anchor element, it is desirable that an extremity of each engagement element y of the engagement element group(s)  12   y  should be formed as an enlarged portion y 1  (see  FIG. 3 ) which is not less than 0.3 mm but not more than 1 mm in width. When the width of the enlarged portion y 1  is set at 0.3 mm or more, the anchor effect of the engagement element group(s)  12   y  can be increased. However, when the width thereof is set at 1 mm or more, the engagement element group(s)  12   y  is made difficult to anchor into the rubber. 
     The protective rubber layer(s)  13  maybe formed into any shape as long as the protective rubber layer(s)  13  is capable of protecting the engagement element group(s)  12   x.  It is desirable that, as shown in  FIG. 3 , the tire meridional cross-section of the protective rubber layer(s)  13  should be shaped like a trapezoid in which a base closer to the two-side fastener  12  is longer than the other base. When the tire meridional cross-section of the protective rubber layer(s)  13  is shaped like such a trapezoid, a bladder B is likely to be brought into intimate contact with the protective rubber layer(s)  13  when the protective rubber layer(s)  13  is pressed with the bladder B. This makes it possible to prevent a curing failure from occurring due to air holes which would otherwise be formed between the bladder B and the protective rubber layer(s)  13 . It is desirable that an angle θ of an acute section  13   m  in the cross section of the trapezoid-shaped protective rubber layer(s)  13  should be set at 45° or less from a viewpoint of an effect of checking air holes. It is desirable that the lower limit of the angle θ should be set at least 5° from a viewpoint of the manufacturing of the pneumatic tire. 
     In the case where, as described above, the tire in which the two-side fastener(s)  12  is provided with the protective rubber layer(s)  13  is manufactured, as shown in  FIG. 24 , it is desirable to use the bladder B in which a thickness T 1  of its portion corresponding to the protective rubber layer  13  is thinner than a thickness T 2  of its surrounding portion. Once the protective rubber layer  13  is provided to the two-side fastener  12 , heat applied to the bladder B when the green tire is cured is hard to be conducted to the inner liner layer  11 ′ in a part of the bladder B in which the protective rubber layer  13  exists. With this phenomenon taken into consideration, the thickness T 1  of the portion of the bladder B corresponding to the protective rubber layer  13  is set thinner than the thickness T 2  of the surrounding portion of the bladder B. This makes it better for the heat to be conducted to the inner liner layer  11 ′ through the part of the bladder B in which the protective rubber layer(s)  13  exist. Accordingly, it is possible to make the curing condition even throughout the green tire. 
     Like in the foregoing embodiments, it is desirable that the two-side fastener(s)  12  should be directly attached to the inner liner layer  11 ′ from viewpoint of the weight. However, as shown in  FIG. 25 , a rear rubber layer  30  made of an uncured rubber which is the same as the uncured rubber constituting the inner liner layer  11 ′ maybe laid on each second side  12   b  of the two-side fastener(s)  12 . In the case where the rear rubber layer  30  is provided in this manner, as shown in  FIG. 25 , it is desirable that the thickness of the inner liner layer  11 ′ should be partially thin by a thickness corresponding to the thickness of the rear rubber layer  30  in a location in which the two-side fastener  12  is arranged on the inner liner layer  11 ′. 
     The protective rubber layer(s)  13  is finally removed from the tire, because the attachment such as a noise absorbing material is attached to the engagement element group(s)  12   x  on the first side(s)  12   a  of the two-side fastener  12 . For the purpose of removing the protective layer(s)  13  from the tire easily, as shown in  FIG. 26 , it is desirable that a rubber releasing film  40  which is easily released from the rubber should be used so that the rubber releasing film  40  is beforehand adhered to the first side(s)  12   a  of the two-side fastener(s)  12  to which the protective rubber layer(s)  13  is attached. 
     It is desirable that, as described above, the protective rubber layer(s)  13  should be cured before the green tire is cured from a viewpoint of enhancing the protecting effect which the protective rubber layer(s)  13  has on the engagement element group(s)  12   x  of the two-side fastener(s)  12 . Instead of being cured before the green tire is cured, however, the protective rubber layer(s)  13  may be cured simultaneously when the green tire is cured. 
     The case in which the pneumatic tire T with the two-side fastener(s)  12  being attached to its tire inner surface  1   a  in its center portion  1 A on its tread part  1  is manufactured has been shown for each foregoing embodiment. However, the manufacturing method according to the present invention is not limited to this. The manufacturing method according to the present invention may be that by which a pneumatic tire with a two-side fastener(s)  12  being attached to its tire inner surface  1   b  in each of its two shoulder parts  1 B on its tread part  1 .