Patent Publication Number: US-2007096631-A1

Title: Flat panel display and fabricating method thereof

Description:
This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No.  2005 - 0103745 , filed on Nov. 1, 2005, No. 2006-0032881, filed on Apr. 11, 2006, and No. 2006-0084737, filed on Sep. 4, 2006 and all the benefits accruing therefrom under 35 U.S.C. §119, and the contents of which in their entireties are herein incorporated by reference.  
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
      1. Field of the Invention  
      The present invention relates to a flat panel display and a fabricating method thereof, and more particularly, to a flat panel display that can minimize inflow of oxygen and moisture from the outside and a fabricating method thereof.  
      2. Description of the Related Art  
      Among flat panel displays, an organic light emitting diode (“OLED”) has some advantages because it is driven with a low voltage, is thin and light, has a wide view angle, has a relatively short response time, etc. The OLED includes a thin film transistor (“TFT”) having a gate electrode, a source electrode and a drain electrode. The OLED also includes a pixel electrode connected to the TFT, a partition wall dividing the pixel electrodes from each other, an organic emission layer formed on the pixel electrode between the partition walls, and a common electrode formed on the organic emission layer.  
      Here, the organic emission layer is susceptible to moisture and oxygen. Therefore, the performance and the lifespan of the organic emission layer are likely to be decreased by moisture and oxygen. To prevent the organic emission layer from deteriorating, an encapsulating process is performed to make an insulating substrate provided with the organic emission layer face and combined to a cover substrate for blocking moisture and oxygen. Further, an organic sealant is formed along an edge between the two substrates, thereby joining the two substrates together.  
      However, the organic sealant has a relatively high permeability to moisture (i.e., about 10 g/m 2  day). Therefore, a water getter has been internally provided in the flat panel display so as to remove permeated moisture. In this conventional method, the water getter increases a production cost, and the permeated moisture is likely to deteriorate the organic emission layer, thereby decreasing the lifespan and the performance of the flat panel display.  
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
      Accordingly, the present invention provides a flat panel display that can minimize inflow of oxygen and moisture from the outside.  
      Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of fabricating a flat panel display that can minimize inflow of oxygen and moisture from the outside.  
      Additional aspects and/or advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present invention.  
      The foregoing and/or other aspects of the present invention can be achieved by providing a flat panel display including an insulating substrate having a display element disposed thereon, a cover substrate facing and joined with the insulating substrate, and a frit formed along an edge between the insulating substrate and the cover substrate.  
      According to another aspect of the present invention, the flat panel display may further include a heat transfer member formed along the frit, and the heat transfer member may be inserted in the frit. Alternatively, the heat transfer member may be provided between the frit and at least one of the insulating substrate and the cover substrate. In yet another alternative embodiment, the heat transfer member is provided in at least one side of the frit.  
      The heat transfer member may include at least one wiring line. The heat transfer member may be arranged in a zigzag shape or arranged like a mesh. Alternatively, the heat transfer member may be shaped like a sheet having a predetermined width, such as shaped like a thin film.  
      The frit may have a width within a range of 0.1 mm to 5 mm, and a thickness within a range of 5 μm to 3 mm.  
      The frit may be cured by heat.  
      The heat transfer member may have a thickness within a range of 50 μm to 5 mm, and a width within a range of 5 μm to 5 mm.  
      Alternatively, the heat transfer member may have a thickness within a range of 5 μm to 50 μm, and a width within a range of 0.1 mm to 5 mm.  
      The heat transfer member may include at least one of nickel, tungsten, Kanthal and alloy thereof. The frit and the heat transfer member may be alternately stacked to have a multi-layered structure. The heat transfer member may be formed with a passivation layer for anti-oxidization, where the passivation layer may include an inorganic layer including at least one of an oxide layer, a nitride layer, and pyro-carbon.  
      The insulating substrate may be provided with a signal line, and at least one of the frit and the heat transfer member may at least partially overlap with the signal line, and a width of the heat transfer member in an overlapped region may be different from that of a non-overlapped region. The width of the heat transfer member in the overlapped region may be narrower than that of the non-overlapped region.  
      According to another aspect of the present invention, the flat panel display may further include a filler that is interposed between the insulating substrate and the cover substrate and joins the two substrates together, and the filler may include a first part spaced apart from the frit and covering the display element, and a second part interposed between the frit and the insulating substrate.  
      In such an embodiment, the frit may have a thickness within a range of 100 μm to 600 μm, and the frit may have a permeability to moisture within a range of 1 g/m 2  day to 10 g/m 2  day.  
      The flat panel display may further include a moisture absorber provided in a space between the frit and the first part. The moisture absorber may be spaced apart from at least one of the frit and the first part at a predetermined distance, and may include at least one of calcium Ca and barium Ba.  
      The flat panel display may further include a first inorganic film interposed between the display element and the filler, and may further include a second inorganic film and an additional filler, which are interposed between the filler and the insulating substrate, wherein the second inorganic film is placed on the first filler, and the additional filler is placed between the second inorganic film and the cover substrate.  
      The first and second inorganic films may have a thickness of 100 nm through 3000 nm, and may have a multi-layered structure.  
      A surface of the frit facing the insulating substrate may be planarized.  
      The foregoing and/or other aspects of the present invention may also be achieved by providing a method of fabricating a flat panel display, the method including preparing a cover substrate, forming a first frit along an edge of the cover substrate, forming a heat transfer member along the first frit, forming a second frit on the heat transfer member, and aligning an insulating substrate with the cover substrate, the insulating substrate having a display element, and curing the first and second frits by supplying power to the heat transfer member.  
      The method may further include semi-curing the first frit before forming the heat transfer member. Semi-curing the first frit may be performed at a temperature of 100° C. through 250° C., and may use at least one of an oven, a hot-plate, and a laser.  
      Alternatively, the method may further include semi-curing the first frit after forming the heat transfer member, wherein semi-curing the first frit may be performed by supplying power to the heat transfer member. In such an embodiment, the method may further include planarizing the first frit between semi-curing the first frit and aligning the insulating substrate with the cover substrate.  
      The first and second frits may be formed by either of a dispensing method or a screen-printing method. The curing process may be performed at a temperature of 300° C. or more. The heat transfer member may be formed by at least one of a sputtering method and a chemical vapor deposition. The aligning process for the cover and insulating substrates and the curing process for the first and second frits may be performed in a vacuum chamber. The heat transfer member may receive high frequency power from an RF power source in the curing process.  
      The method may further include forming a passivation layer for anti-oxidization on the heat transfer member.  
      The foregoing and/or other aspects of the present invention may further be achieved by providing a method of fabricating a flat panel display, the method including preparing a cover substrate, forming a frit along an edge of the cover substrate, curing the frit, forming a filler on at least one of the cover substrate and an insulating substrate formed with a display element, and curing a filler after joining the cover substrate and the insulating substrate together.  
      The method may further include planarizing one surface of the frit facing the insulating substrate after curing the frit.  
      The filler may include a first part corresponding to the display element on either of the insulating substrate or the cover substrate, and a second part formed on one surface of the frit.  
      The method may further include interposing a moisture absorber within a space between the frit and the first part either before or after forming the filler.  
      The method may further include forming a first inorganic film covering at least a part of the display element either before or after forming the filler. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
      The above and/or other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompany drawings of which:  
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view illustrating a structure of an exemplary flat panel display according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention;  
       FIG. 2  is a sectional view of the exemplary flat panel display, taken along line II-II in  FIG. 1 ;  
       FIG. 3  is an enlarged perspective view of portion ‘A’ in  FIG. 1 ;  
       FIG. 4  is a perspective view illustrating a structure of an exemplary flat panel display according to a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention;  
       FIG. 5  is a perspective view illustrating a structure of an exemplary flat panel display according to a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention;  
       FIG. 6  is a perspective view illustrating a structure of an exemplary flat panel display according to a fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention;  
       FIG. 7 a  perspective view illustrating a structure of an exemplary flat panel display according to a fifth exemplary embodiment of the present invention;  
       FIG. 8  is a sectional view of an exemplary flat panel display according to a sixth exemplary embodiment of the present invention;  
       FIG. 9  is a plan view of an exemplary flat panel display according to a seventh exemplary embodiment of the present invention;  
       FIG. 10A  is a perspective view illustrating a structure of an exemplary flat panel display according to an eighth exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and  FIG. 10B  is an enlarged perspective view of portion B of  FIG. 10A ;  
       FIG. 11  is a sectional view of the exemplary flat panel display, taken along line XI-XI in  FIG. 10 ;  
       FIG. 12  is a sectional view illustrating a structure of an exemplary flat panel display according to a ninth exemplary embodiment of the present invention;  
       FIG. 13  is a sectional view illustrating a structure of an exemplary flat panel display according to a tenth exemplary embodiment of the present invention;  
       FIG. 14  is a sectional view illustrating a structure of an exemplary flat panel display according to an eleventh exemplary embodiment of the present invention;  
       FIG. 15  is a perspective view illustrating a structure of an exemplary flat panel display according to a twelfth exemplary embodiment of the present invention;  
       FIG. 16  is a sectional view of the exemplary flat panel display, taken along line XVI-XVI in  FIG. 15 ;  
       FIG. 17  is an enlarged perspective view of portion ‘D’ in  FIG. 15 ;  
       FIG. 18A  is an exploded perspective view of an exemplary flat panel display according to the twelfth exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and  FIG. 18B  is an enlarged perspective view of portion E in  FIG. 18A ;  
       FIGS. 19A through 19E  illustrate an exemplary method of fabricating the exemplary flat panel display according to the first exemplary embodiment of present invention;  
       FIGS. 20A through 20G  illustrate an exemplary method of fabricating the exemplary flat panel display according to the eighth exemplary embodiment of the present invention;  
       FIGS. 21A through 21F  illustrate an exemplary method of fabricating the exemplary flat panel display according to the twelfth exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and  
       FIGS. 22A through 22C  illustrate another exemplary method of fabricating the exemplary flat panel display according to the twelfth exemplary embodiment of the exemplary flat panel display. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
      The invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.  
      It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on” another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may be present there between. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” another element, there are no intervening elements present. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.  
      It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the present invention.  
      The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” or “includes” and/or “including” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.  
      Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath”, “below”, “lower”, “above”, “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature&#39;s relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.  
      Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.  
      Embodiments of the present invention are described herein with reference to cross section illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments of the present invention. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, a region illustrated or described as flat may, typically, have rough and/or nonlinear features. Moreover, sharp angles that are illustrated may be rounded. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.  
      Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to accompanying drawings. For example, an organic light emitting diode (“OLED”) among various flat panel displays will be described below, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Alternatively, the present invention may be applied to another flat panel display such as a liquid crystal display (“LCD”), a plasma display panel (“PDP”), etc. In the following embodiments, a frit is employed as one of various sealants, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Alternatively, any sealant can be used as long as it is cured by heat and has a low permeability to moisture or oxygen.  
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view illustrating a structure of an exemplary flat panel display according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention,  FIG. 2  is a sectional view of the exemplary flat panel display, taken along line II-II in  FIG. 1 , and  FIG. 3  is an enlarged perspective view of portion ‘A’ in  FIG. 1 .  
      An OLED  1  includes an organic material that receives an electric signal and emits light by itself. Such an organic material is susceptible to moisture, such as water, and oxygen. Therefore, an encapsulating method can be employed to effectively prevent oxygen and moisture from being permeated into the organic material (an organic emission layer).  
      As shown in  FIGS. 1 through 3 , an OLED  1  according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes an insulating substrate  100  provided with a display element  110  to display an image, a cover substrate  120  facing and combining with the insulating substrate  100  and preventing oxygen or moisture from being introduced into the display element  110 , a frit  130  formed along an edge between the insulating substrate  100  and the cover substrate  120 , and a heat transfer member  140  formed along the frit  130 .  
      The insulating substrate  100  is transparent, and may include a glass substrate or a plastic substrate. Further, a barrier layer (not shown) may be formed on the insulating substrate  100 , i.e., between the display element  110  and the insulating substrate  100 . The barrier layer prevents oxygen or moisture from being introduced into the display element  110  through the insulating substrate  100 , and may include SiON, SiO 2 , SiN x , Al 2 O 3 , etc. Here, the barrier layer can be formed by a sputtering method.  
      The display element  110  can be provided by a well-known method. Further, the display element  110  includes a thin film transistor (“TFT”) having a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode. The display element  110  further includes a pixel electrode connected to the TFT, a partition wall dividing the pixel electrodes from each other, an organic emission layer formed on the pixel electrode between the partition walls, and a common electrode formed on the organic emission layer. Here, the display element  110  displays an image corresponding to a video signal outputted from an information processor. Although a particular embodiment of the display element  110  is described, other features of the display element  110  may also be incorporated.  
      The cover substrate  120  may be made of the same material as the insulating substrate  100 . For example, the cover substrate  120  may include a soda-lime glass substrate, a boro-silicate glass substrate, a silicate glass substrate, a lead glass substrate, or etc. Here, the cover substrate  120  can have a thickness of 0.1 mm through 10 mm, and more preferably may have a thickness of 1 mm through 10 mm, thereby preventing moisture and oxygen from being permeated into the display element  110  through the cover substrate  120 .  
      The frit  130  is formed along the edge between the insulating substrate  100  and the cover substrate  120 . The frit  130  may be formed on a non-display region of the OLED  1 . Here, the frit  130  is employed as a sealant for preventing oxygen or moisture from being introduced through a gap between the insulating substrate  100  and the cover substrate  120 . In this embodiment, the frit  130  is described as one among various sealants, but not limited thereto. Alternatively, any sealant can be employed as long as it is cured by heat and has a very low permeability to moisture or oxygen. In addition, the frit  130  is used for joining the two substrates  100  and  120  together.  
      The frit  130  has a width d 1  of 0.1 mm through 5 mm, and a thickness d 2  of 5 μm through 3 mm. If the width d 1  of the frit  130  is smaller than 0.1 mm, then a joining strength between the two substrates  100  and  120  would be deteriorated and defective. It would also be difficult to apply a dispensing method or a screen-printing method to form the frit  130  if the width d 1  of the frit  130  is smaller than 0.1 mm. On the other hand, if the width d 1  of the frit  130  is larger than 5 mm, then the area of the frit  130  would be too large to be entirely cured by the heat transfer member  140 . In such a case, the flat panel display would not be sufficiently protected from heat and moisture. Meanwhile, if the thickness d 2  of the frit  130  is smaller than 5 μm, then it would be difficult to apply the dispensing method or the screen-printing method to form the frit  130 , and the defective joining may arise. On the other hand, if the thickness d 2  of the frit  130  is larger than 3 mm, then the frit  130  would not be entirely cured by the heat transfer member  140 , and it would further be difficult to make the flat panel display thin. For example, the frit  130  has a width d 1  of 1 mm through 2 mm, and a thickness d 2  of 100 μm through 600 μm. Here, the width d 1  and the thickness d 2  of the frit  130  can increase or decrease in proportion to the size of the flat panel display.  
      The frit  130  may include an adhesive powdered glass such as SiO 2 , TiO 2 , PbO, PbTiO 3 , Al 2 O 3 , etc. Such a frit  130  has a very low permeability to moisture and oxygen, so that the organic emission layer in the display element  110  is prevented from deteriorating and a water getter is not required. Further, the frit  130  has a sufficient durability to endure vacuum mounting, so that the OLED  1  can be fabricated in a vacuum chamber, thereby minimizing the permeability of oxygen and moisture from the outside. Thus, the lifespan of the flat panel display increases and the performance thereof is improved. Here, the frit  130  is thermosetting, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Alternatively, the frit  130  may be thermoplastic.  
      The frit  130  may be cured at a high temperature. Therefore, a laser may be locally applied to the frit  130 , thereby curing the frit  130 . However, in a method using the laser, high technology is required for laser-scanning, bubbles arise in the frit  130 , adhesion between heterogeneous substrates is difficult due to difference in a thermal expansion coefficient, and the laser is likely to cause a metal wiring line such as gate and data lines to have defects. In the meantime, an organic sealant to be cured by light or heat can be used together with the frit  130 . When both the organic sealant and the frit  130  are used, it is possible to get good results as compared with the case of using only the sealant. However, in this case, a processing cost due to using the frit  130  is relatively high and the above-mentioned problem due to using the laser may still arise.  
      To avoid the above-described issues, according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a member for locally applying heat to the frit  130  is provided along the frit  130 , and power is supplied to this member, thereby making it generate heat. For example, as shown in  FIGS. 1 through 3 , the heat transfer member  140  is formed along the frit  130 , and power is supplied to the heat transfer member  140 , thereby curing the frit  130 . Referring to  FIGS. 1 through 3 , the heat transfer member  140  is inserted inside the frit  130 . The heat transfer member  140  may include a plurality of wiring lines such as hot wires, which are arranged in parallel with each other, but not shown. Further, the heat transfer member  140  has opposite ends connected to a power supply  150 , as will be further described below. When the power supply  150  supplies power to the heat transfer member  140 , the heat transfer member  140  generates heat to cure the frit  130 . That is, when power is supplied to the heat transfer member  140 , the internal resistance of the heat transfer member  140  causes heat, so that the frit  130  is cured. Here, the heat transfer member  140  includes at least one of nickel, tungsten, kanthal and alloy thereof, and is formed by a sputtering method or a chemical vapor deposition (“CVD”) method. Further, the heat transfer member  140  may be covered with a passivation layer to prevent the heat transfer member  140  from being oxidized. Here, the passivation layer may be an inorganic material including at least one of an oxide layer, a nitride layer, and pyro-carbon. Also, the heat transfer member  140  is conductive. Meanwhile, the frit  130  and the heat transfer member  140  may be alternately stacked to have a multi-layered structure. In other words, the heat transfer member  140  may be formed in more than one layer with the frit  130  formed between layers of the heat transfer member  140 .  
      The heat transfer member  140  may have a thickness d 3  of 50 μm through 5 mm. If the thickness d 3  of the heat transfer member  140  is smaller than 50 μm, then it would be unsuitable to generate sufficient heat for curing the frit  130 . In more detail, a temperature of 300° C. or more is required to cure the frit  130 . From an electrical resistance point of view, if the thickness d 3  of the heat transfer member  140  is smaller than 50 μm, then the heat transfer member  140  would likely be short-circuited by high voltage applied thereto, so that it would be difficult to make a temperature of 300° C. or more. Further, if the thickness d 3  is relatively small, then it would be difficult to locally cure the frit  130 , thereby causing defective adhesion. On the other hand, if the thickness d 3  of the heat transfer member  140  is larger than 5 mm, then it would be difficult to make the flat panel display thin and the internal metal wiring line of the display element  110  may be deteriorated by excessively high temperature heat. For instance, the gate line or the data line within the display element  110  may include aluminum that has a relatively low melting point, so that the resistance thereof may be varied by high temperature. If the metal wiring line of the display element  110  is deteriorated, then a video signal would be abnormally transmitted through the metal wiring line, and a desired image would not be displayed.  
      Further, the heat transfer member  140  can have a width d 4  of 5 μm through 5 mm. If the width d 4  is smaller than 5 μm, then the heat transfer member  140  may be short-circuited from the electrical resistance point of view, it would be difficult to make a temperature of 300° C. or more, and it would be difficult to locally cure the frit  130 , thereby causing defective adhesion. On the other hand, if the width d 4  is larger than 5 mm, it would be difficult to make the flat panel display thin and the internal metal wiring line of the display element  110  may be deteriorated by excessively high temperature heat.  
      To cure the frit  130  more effectively, it is preferable that the thickness d 3  and the width d 4  of the heat transfer member  140  are formed in proportion to the width d 1  and the thickness d 2  of the frit  130 .  
      Both ends of the heat transfer member  140  are connected to the power supply  150 . The power supply  150  is not included in the OLED  1 , and is disconnected from the OLED  1  after supplying power to the heat transfer member  140  for curing the frit  130 . In general, the power supply  150  may be implemented by a well-known device. Further, a radio frequency (“RF”) power source of supplying high frequency power may be used as the power supply  150 .  
      Below, flat panel displays according to the second through sixth exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.  4  though  8 , in which the second through sixth embodiments show various shapes of the heat transfer member  140 . Only different points as compared with the first embodiment will be described. Therefore, like elements refer to like numerals, and repetitive descriptions will be avoided as necessary.  
       FIG. 4  is a perspective view illustrating a structure of an exemplary flat panel display according to a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown therein, the heat transfer member  140  is arranged in a zigzag or serpentine shape. Here, the width and the thickness of the frit  130  and the heat transfer member  140  may be the same as those of the first exemplary embodiment. As the heat transfer member  140  is formed in a zigzag shape, heat is uniformly applied to the frit  130 , thereby entirely curing the frit  130 . Therefore, the defective adhesion between two substrates  100  and  120  is minimized. Further, there is provided a flat panel display that can minimize inflow of oxygen and moisture from the outside.  
       FIG. 5  is a perspective view illustrating a structure of an exemplary flat panel display according to a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown therein, the heat transfer member  140  is shaped like a mesh with portions of the mesh-like shape intersecting with each other. Here, the width and the thickness of the frit  130  and the heat transfer member  140  may be substantially the same as those of the first exemplary embodiment. As the heat transfer member  140  is formed in a mesh pattern on the frit  130 , heat is uniformly applied to the frit  130 , thereby entirely curing the frit  130 . Therefore, the defective adhesion between two substrates  100  and  120  is minimized. Further, there is provided a flat panel display that can minimize inflow of oxygen and moisture from the outside.  
       FIG. 6  is a perspective view illustrating a structure of an exemplary flat panel display according to a fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown therein, the heat transfer member  140  is shaped like a sheet having a predetermined width. Here, the width of the heat transfer member  140  may be smaller than or equal to that of the frit  130 , but the thickness of the frit  130  and the heat transfer member  140  may be substantially the same as those according to the first exemplary embodiment. As the heat transfer member  140  is formed to have a sheet shape on the frit  130 , heat is uniformly applied to the frit  130 , thereby entirely curing the frit  130 . Therefore, the defective adhesion between two substrates  100  and  120  is minimized. Further, there is provided a flat panel display that can minimize inflow of oxygen and moisture from the outside.  
       FIG. 7 a  perspective view illustrating a structure of an exemplary flat panel display according to a fifth exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown therein, the heat transfer member  140  is shaped like a thin film, and may be formed in multiple layers within the frit  130 . For example, the heat transfer member  140  can have a thickness of 5 μm through 50 μm. If the thickness of the heat transfer member  140  is smaller than 5 μm, then it would be difficult to not only form the heat transfer member  140  but also make a temperature of 300° C. or more from the electrical resistance point of view. On the other hand, if the thickness of the heat transfer member  140  is larger than 50 m, then it would not be a thin film. In consideration of the electrical resistance point, the width d 4  of the thin film heat transfer member  140  should be larger than that of the first exemplary embodiment, e.g., 0.1 mm through 5 mm. As shown in  FIG. 7 , the thin film heat transfer member  140  can be formed in at least one of the opposite lateral surfaces and the inside of the frit  130 . Here, the heat transfer member  140  can be formed by the sputtering method or the chemical vapor deposition (“CVD”) method. As the heat transfer member  140  is shaped like a thin film, heat is uniformly applied to the frit  130 , thereby entirely curing the frit  130 . Further, there is provided a flat panel display that can minimize inflow of oxygen and moisture from the outside.  
       FIG. 8  is a sectional view of an exemplary flat panel display according to a sixth exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 8 , the heat transfer member  140  is interposed between the insulating substrate  100  and the frit  130  and between the cover substrate  120  and the frit  130 . That is, the heat transfer member  140  is first formed along the edges of the two substrates  110  and  120  to be formed with the frit  130 , and then the frit  130  is formed between and around the heat transfer members  140 . Here, the widths d 1 , d 4  and the thicknesses d 2 , d 3  of the frit  130  and the heat transfer member  140  may be substantially the same as those of the first exemplary embodiment. Thus, heat is uniformly applied to the frit  130 , thereby entirely curing the frit  130 . Further, there is provided a flat panel display that can minimize inflow of oxygen and moisture from the outside. Alternatively, the heat transfer member  140  may be either provided only between the insulating substrate  100  and the frit  130  or only between the cover substrate  120  and the frit  130 .  
      A flat panel display according to a seventh exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to  FIG. 9 . In the seventh exemplary embodiment, the frit  130  and the heat transfer member  140  are applied to an exemplary OLED that is exemplarily illustrated as the flat panel display.  FIG. 9  is a schematic plan view of the exemplary OLED as one type of flat panel display.  
      Referring to  FIG. 9 , a display region B of the flat panel display includes a plurality of gate lines  210  extended in a horizontal direction, a first direction, a plurality of data lines  220  extending in a vertical direction, a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction, and intersecting the gate lines  210  and defining pixels, a plurality of driving voltage lines  230  arranged in parallel with the data lines  220 , a plurality of pixel TFTs formed in regions where the gate lines  210  intersect the data lines  220 , and a plurality of driving TFTs formed in regions where the gate lines  210  intersect the driving voltage lines  230 . Here, the gate line  210 , the data lines  220 , a common voltage bar  280 , and fan-out portions  240  and  250  are used as signal lines for transmitting signals.  
      Further, in at least one side of a non-display region C of the flat display, there are provided a gate driving circuit connected to ends of the gate lines  210 , and a data driving circuit connected to ends of the data lines  220 . Here, the gate driving circuit and the data driving circuit supply various driving signals from the outside to the gate lines  210  and the data lines  220 , respectively. As a connection type between the gate driving circuit and the data driving circuit, there may be a chip on glass (“COG”) in which a driver is directly mounted on a substrate, a tape carrier package (“TCP”) in which a driving circuit is attached to and mounted on a polymer film, a chip on film (“COF”) in which a driver is mounted on and then attached to a driving circuit substrate, etc. In the display region B, the gate lines  210  and the data lines  220  are extended toward the outside and connected to the gate driving circuit and the data driving circuit through a gate pad (not shown) and a data pad (not shown), respectively. Meanwhile, at least one gate fan-out portion  240  and at least one data fan-out portion  250  are formed in connection regions between the gate lines  210  and the gate driving circuit and between the data lines  220  and the data driving circuit, respectively. In the gate and data fan-out portions  240 ,  250 , the gate lines  210  and the data lines  220  have narrower intervals there between, respectively.  
      The non-display region C includes the driving voltage bar  260  connected to one end of each of the driving voltage lines  230 , and at least one driving voltage pad  270  applying a driving voltage to the driving voltage bar  260 . The driving voltage lines  230  receive power from the outside through the driving voltage bar  260  and the driving voltage pad  270 , and the power is supplied to the driving TFTs. The driving TFTs apply a predetermined voltage to the pixel electrodes, thereby allowing holes and electrons to be transitioned in the organic emission layers. Further, each pixel electrode includes the organic emission layer to emit light corresponding to the voltage applied from the pixel electrode. The common voltage bar  280  is provided in a side opposite to the gate fan-out portion  240  of the gate lines  210 , but is not limited thereto. Alternatively, the common voltage bar  280  may be provided in a side opposite to fan-out portion  250  of the data lines  220 . Further, the common voltage bar  280  may be provided in at least one of the gate fan-out portion  240  and the data fan-out portion  250 . Here, the common voltage bar  280  is electrically connected to a common electrode to be entirely applied to the display region B, thereby applying a common voltage to the common electrode.  
      According to the seventh exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the frit  130  may be at least partially overlapped with either of the driving voltage bar  260  or the driving voltage pad  270 . Further, the frit  130  may be at least partially overlapped with the common voltage bar  280 . Also, the frit  130  may be at least partially overlapped with one of the gate fan-out portion  240  and the data fan-out portion  250 .  
      That is, the insulating substrate  100  is provided with the common electrode, and the common voltage bar  280  for applying voltage to the common electrode. The frit  130  has a region overlapped with the common voltage bar  280 , and the region may have a width different from the width of a region not overlapped with the common voltage bar  280  so as to minimize interaction (electric interference) with a common voltage. For example, the frit  130 , which includes metal grains, or the metal heat transfer member  140 , is narrowed in the region overlapped with the common voltage bar  280 , thereby advantageously decreasing interaction (or electric interference). Further, on the insulating substrate  100  are formed the plurality of gate lines  210  and the gate fan-out portion or portions  240  in which the interval between the plurality of gate lines  210  narrows. The heat transfer member  140  and the frit  130  can have a width different from the region not overlapped with the gate fan-out portion or portions  240 . For example, the frit  130 , which includes metal grains, or the metal heat transfer member  140 , is narrowed in the region overlapped with the gate fan-out portion or portions  240 , thereby advantageously decreasing interaction (or electric interference).  
      An exemplary flat panel display according to an eighth exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to  FIGS. 10A, 10B , and  11 . The eighth exemplary embodiment relates to a sealing structure of the OLED, which is different from that of the first exemplary embodiment, and more particularly, to a sealing structure using a frit for sealing the OLED. In the eighth exemplary embodiment, only different features from the first exemplary embodiment will be described, and reference may be made to the first exemplary embodiment or to a known structure for omitted descriptions. For convenience, like numerals refer to like elements.  
       FIG. 10A  is a perspective view illustrating a structure of an exemplary flat panel display according to an eighth exemplary embodiment of the present invention,  FIG. 10B  is an enlarged perspective view of portion B in  FIG. 10A , and  FIG. 11  is a sectional view of the exemplary flat panel display, taken along line XI-XI in  FIG. 10A .  
      A frit  130  according to the eighth exemplary embodiment of the present invention is placed in an outer region of a display element  110 , in which no image is displayed. The frit  130  has a width d 1  of 0.1 mm through 5 mm, and a thickness d 2  of 5 μm through 3 mm. If the width d 1  of the frit  130  is smaller than 0.1 mm, then it would be difficult to apply a dispensing method, a screen-printing method, a slit-coating method, or a roll-coating method to form the frit  130 . On the other hand, if the width d 1  of the frit  130  is larger than 5 mm, then the margin of the outer region becomes larger, and there is no effect to overcome the shortcomings. Meanwhile, if the thickness d 2  of the frit  130  is smaller than 5 μm, then it would be difficult to apply the dispensing method, the screen-printing method, the slit-coating method or the roll-coating method to form the frit  130 . On the other hand, if the thickness d 2  of the frit  130  is larger than 3 mm, then it would not be appropriate to make the flat panel display thin. For example, the frit  130  has a width d 1  of 1 mm through 2 mm, and a thickness d 2  of 100 μm through 600 μm, but the exemplary embodiments of the frit  130  are not limited thereto. Alternatively, the width d 1  and the thickness d 2  of the frit  130  can increase and decrease in proportion to the size of the flat panel display.  
      One surface of the frit  130  facing the insulating substrate  100  may be planarized by a polishing process. Thus, a top surface of the frit  130  is improved in flatness and uniformity, thereby enhancing adhesive uniformity and adhesive effect between the two substrates  100  and  120 .  
      Further, the frit  130  has very low permeability to moisture and oxygen, for example, about 1 g/m 2  day through 10 g/m 2  day, so that it can prevent the organic emission layer within the display element  110  from deteriorating. Also, the frit  130  is formed on the cover substrate  120  and then cured to be joined with the insulating substrate  100 , so that defects due to high temperature for curing the frit  130  can decrease. Here, the frit  130  can be cured by a laser or by a hot-wire or an oven in contact therewith. Preferably, the frit  130  may be thermoplastic.  
      A filler  160  is provided between the insulating substrate  100  and the cover substrate  120 . The filler  160  may be a general sealant used for sealing the OLED  1 . The filler  160  joins the two substrates  100  and  120  with each other, and serves to protect the organic emission layer within the display element  110  from moisture and oxygen. Here, the filler  160  includes an adhesive organic material and covers the display element  110 . According to the eighth exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the filler  160  comprises a first part  160   a  covering the display element  110 , and a second part  160   b  spaced apart from the first part  160   a  and formed on the frit  130 . The first part  160   a  protects the display element  110 , and the second part  160   b  joins the frit  130  with the insulating substrate  100 . With this structure, the second part  160   b  can have a thickness d 5  of about 5 μm or less, thereby minimizing moisture or oxygen that could be introduced through the second part  160   b . Further, a space  161  is defined between the first part  160   a  and the second part  160   b , and the space  161  is placed in a non-display region of the OLED.  
      The filler  160  can be formed by one of a dispenser method, the screen-printing method, the slit-coating method, and the roll-printing method. The width of the space  161  is sized sufficiently to form a moisture absorber  170  therein. For example, the moisture absorber  170  includes melamine resin, urea resin, phenol resin, resorcinol resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, poly urethane resin, acrylic resin, etc., but is not limited thereto.  
      The moisture absorber  170  is provided inside the space  161 , and contacts both the insulating substrate  100  and the cover substrate  120 . Here, the moisture absorber  170  prevents oxygen or moisture from being introduced through a gap formed between the insulating substrate  100  and the cover substrate  120 . To enhance the performance of the moisture absorber  170 , the moisture absorber  170  is preferably spaced apart from at least one of the first part  160   a  and the frit  130  by a predetermined distance. Thus, a space required for activating the moisture absorber  170  is secured. The moisture absorber  170  is a liquid thermoplastic material cured by heat, and has very low permeability to moisture and oxygen such that the organic emission layer within the display element  110  is prevented from deteriorating. Therefore, the lifespan and the performance of the flat panel display are improved. The moisture absorber  170  can be formed within the space  161  by the dispensing method or the screen-printing method. Further, the moisture absorber  170  can include at least one of barium Ba and calcium Ca. Alternatively, the moisture absorber  170  may include various known materials such as “Drylox” from Dupont or “DESIPASTE” from Süd-Chemie AG.  
      Exemplary flat panel displays according to ninth through eleventh exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to  FIGS. 12 through 14 . The ninth through eleventh exemplary embodiments relate to flat panel displays having sealing structures different from that of the eighth exemplary embodiment. In the ninth through eleventh exemplary embodiments, only different features from the eighth exemplary embodiment will be described, and reference may be made to the eighth exemplary embodiment or a known structure for omitted descriptions. For convenience, like numerals refer to like elements.  
       FIG. 12  is a perspective view illustrating a structure of an exemplary flat panel display according to a ninth exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Unlike the eighth exemplary embodiment, in the ninth exemplary embodiment, the space  161  and the moisture absorber  170  as shown in  FIG. 11  are not provided, and a filler  160  is partially extended in an arrow direction between the frit  130  and the insulating substrate  100 . According to the present invention, the frit  130  has good durability and very low permeability to moisture, thereby reliably minimizing the permeability of moisture and oxygen without the moisture absorber  170 . As the moisture absorber  170  is not needed in this embodiment, a production cost decreases. Here, the filler  160  provided on the insulating substrate  100  or the cover substrate  120  is filled between the frit  130  and the insulating substrate  100  when the insulating substrate  100  or the cover substrate  120  are pressed, thereby forming the flat panel display as shown in  FIG. 12 . Thus, there is provided the flat panel display of which the production cost decreases and oxygen and moisture introduced from the outside is minimized.  
       FIG. 13  is a perspective view illustrating a structure of an exemplary flat panel display according to a tenth exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 13 , a first inorganic film  180  is formed between the display element  110  and the filler  160 . The first inorganic film  180  may further extend between the insulating substrate  100  and the frit  130 , the moisture absorber  170 , and the space  161 . The first inorganic film  180  has a thickness d 6  of about 100 nm through 3000 nm, and has a single or multi-layered structure. In the case of the multi-layered structure, the respective layers may be made of different materials or formed by different methods. Thus, the first inorganic film  180  including an inorganic material having excellent moisture-proof properties and non-permeability of moisture is provided, thereby protecting the display element  110  from moisture and oxygen.  
       FIG. 14  is a perspective view illustrating a structure of an exemplary flat panel display according to an eleventh exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 14 , a filler  160  and an additional filler  165  are provided between the insulating substrate  100  and the cover substrate  120 , and a second inorganic film  185  is provided between the filler  160  and the additional filler  165 . The two substrates  100  and  120  are joined with each other after the filler  160  is provided on the cover substrate  120  and the additional filler  165  and the second inorganic film  185  are provided on the insulating substrate  100 . Alternatively, the filler  160 , the second inorganic film  185 , and the additional filler  165  are formed in sequence on one of the insulating substrate  100  and the cover substrate  120 , and that substrate is then joined with the other substrate. Like the first inorganic film  180  shown in  FIG. 13 , the second inorganic film  185  can have a thickness of about 100 nm through 3000 nm, and have a single or multi-layered structure. In addition, although not illustrated, the first inorganic film  180  may also be provided to cover the display element  110  within the eleventh exemplary embodiment, as in the tenth exemplary embodiment. Thus, there is provided a flat panel display in which moisture and oxygen from the outside are effectively blocked off.  
      An exemplary flat panel display according to a twelfth exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to  FIGS. 15 through 18 B. The twelfth exemplary embodiment relates to a sealing structure of the OLED, which is different from that of the first exemplary embodiment, and more particularly, to a sealing structure using a frit for sealing the OLED. In the twelfth exemplary embodiment, only different features from the first exemplary embodiment will be described, and reference should be made to the first exemplary embodiment or a publicly known structure for omitted descriptions. For convenience, like numerals refer to like elements.  
      As shown in  FIGS. 15 through 17 , the frit  130  according to the twelfth exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a first frit  130   a  contacting the insulating substrate  100 , and a second frit  130   b  contacting the cover substrate  120 . The first and second frits  130   a  and  130   b  can be formed by one of a screen-printing method, a dispensing method, and a dipping method. Each of the first and second frits  130   a  and  130   b  has a width d 1  of 0.1 mm through 5 mm, and a thickness d 2  of 5 μm through 3 mm. The ranges for width and thickness allow for the two substrates  100  and  120  to be stably joined together and provide the advantages to the OLED  1 .  
      As shown in  FIGS. 15 through 18 B, the heat transfer member  140  is inserted in the frit  130 .  
      Referring to  FIGS. 18A and 18B , the heat transfer member  140  substantially has a rectangular shape, and includes a first sub-plate  140   a , a second sub-plate  140   b , a third sub-plate  140   c , and a fourth sub-plate  140   d . Each of the sub-plates  140   a ,  140   b ,  140   c , and  140   d  includes a main body  141  inserted in the frit  130  between the first and second frits  130   a ,  130   b , and a cut part  142  extended from the main body  141  away from the frit  130  and decreased in thickness. That is, the thickness d 8  at the end of the cut part  142  is thinner than the thickness d 7  of the main body  141 . Further, the cut part  142  is lengthwise along each long edge of the first through fourth sub-plates  140   a ,  140   b ,  140   c , and  140   d . The purpose of the foregoing structure of the heat transfer member  140  will be described below with the description of a fabricating process of the flat panel display according to the twelfth exemplary embodiment.  
      The main body  141  has a thickness d 7  of 10 μm through 1000 μm, and the thickness d 8  at the end of the cut part  142  is 30% through 80% of the thickness d 7 . If the thickness d 7  of the main body  141  is smaller than 10 μm, then it would be unsuitable to radiate heat for curing the frit  130 . In order to cure the frit  130 , a temperature of 300° C. or more is required. Thus, if the thickness d 7  of the main body  141  is smaller than 10 μm, then the heat transfer member  140  may be short-circuited when high voltage is applied thereto and be unsuitable for radiating heat at a temperature of 300° C. or more. Further, if the thickness d 7  of the main body  141  is smaller than 10 μm, the frit  130  is not entirely cured, thereby causing defective adhesion. On the other hand, if the thickness d 7  of the main body  141  is larger than 1000 μm, then it would not properly make the display compact. Also, if the thickness d 7  of the main body  141  is larger than 1000 μm, then heat at an excessively high temperature of 700° C. or more may be applied to the main body  141 , and the interior metal wiring lines of the display element  110  may be affected by the heat, thereby causing defects. Meanwhile, the gate or data lines of the interior metal wiring lines may include aluminum, and the high-temperature heat can change the resistance of the gate or data lines because the melting point of aluminum is relatively low. Thus, a video signal may be abnormally transmitted, and so an undesired image may be displayed. The lengthwise edge of the heat transfer member  140  is provided to have substantially the same length as the edge of the insulating substrate  100 . In other words, the lengthwise edge of the heat transfer member  140  may be approximately equal to, larger than, or smaller than the edge of the insulating substrate  100 . Further, the short edge L 1  of the heat transfer member  140  is larger than the width d 1  of the frit  130 .  
      Thus, it is preferable for curing the frit  130  that the thickness d 7  and the length L 1  of the main body  141  are formed in proportion to the width d 1  and the thickness d 2  of the frit  130 .  
      The heat transfer member  140  includes at least one material selected from a group consisting of stainless steel, iron, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, aluminum, and alloy thereof. However, the heat transfer member  140  is not limited to the foregoing materials. Alternatively, the heat transfer member may include other materials than the foregoing materials as long as it is conductive to supply the high-temperature heat to the frit  130 . Further, a passivation layer may be provided to prevent the heat transfer member  140  from oxidation. The passivation layer can be implemented by an inorganic layer including at least one of an oxide layer, a nitride layer, and a pyro-carbon layer.  
      A method of fabricating the exemplary flat panel display according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to  FIGS. 19A through 19E .  FIGS. 19A through 19E  are sectional views showing the exemplary fabricating method according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
      First, as shown in  FIG. 19A , the cover substrate  120  is provided. The cover substrate  120  is made of a glass or plastic substrate as is the insulating substrate  100 . Alternatively, the cover substrate  120  may be made of a soda-lime glass substrate, a boro-silicate glass substrate, a silicate glass substrate, and a lead glass substrate, etc. The cover substrate  120  can have a thickness of 0.1 mm through 10 mm, and more preferably 1 mm through 10 mm, for a sufficient thickness to prevent moisture or oxygen from being permeated into the display element  110  through the cover substrate  120 . Further, a barrier layer (not shown) may be formed on the cover substrate  120  by the sputtering method, which includes SiON, SiO 2 , SiN x , Al 2 O 3 , etc. Here, the barrier layer prevents oxygen or moisture from being introduced from the outside.  
      Referring to  FIG. 19B , a first frit  130   a  is formed along an edge of the cover substrate  120 . The first frit  130   a  can be formed by a dispensing method or a screen-printing method. Such a frit  130   a  includes an adhesive powdered glass such as SiO 2 , TiO 2 , PbO, PbTiO 3 , Al 2 O 3 , etc. Further, the frit  130   a  has a very low permeability to moisture and oxygen, so that the organic emission layer within a display element is prevented from deteriorating and a water getter is not needed. Also, the first frit  130   a  has a sufficient durability to endure vacuum mounting, so that the OLED can be fabricated in a vacuum chamber, thereby minimizing the permeability of oxygen and moisture from the outside. The first frit  130   a  has a width d 1  of 0.1 mm through 5 mm, and a thickness d 2  of 5 μm through 3 mm. Such ranges are provided for allowing the two substrates  100  and  120  to be stably joined together and have the advantages previously described.  
      Then, the first frit  130   a  is semi-cured, so that impurities contained in the first frit  130   a  and bubbles to be generated when cured are removed. The semi-curing process is performed at a temperature of 100° C. through 250° C. Further, an oven and a hot-plate can be used in the semi-curing process. Alternatively, a laser may be used in the semi-curing process. This process is optional, but good to improve the performance and the lifespan of a product. After the semi-curing process, a process of planarizing the first frit  130   a  can be additionally performed to remove the bubbles generated in the first frit  130   a  and enhance adhesion to the insulating substrate  100  having the display element  110 .  
      Referring to  FIG. 19C , the heat transfer member  140  is formed along the first frit  130   a . The heat transfer member  140  is a wiring line such as a hot wire, and can be shaped like a line, a zigzag, a mesh, a sheet, a thin film, etc. In  FIG. 19C , the heat transfer member  140  is exemplarily formed as the wiring line or the sheet shape. In this case, the heat transfer member  140  has a thickness d 3  of 50 μm through 5 mm, and a width d 4  of 5 μm through 5 mm. Such ranges are provided for increasing the temperature of the frit  130   a ,  130   b  to be cured from the electrical resistance point of view and minimizing the defective adhesion. Further, the ranges are provided for making the flat panel display thin and minimizing defects in the under metal wiring line.  
      Here, the heat transfer member  140  includes at least one of nickel, tungsten, Kanthal and alloy thereof, and is formed by the sputtering method or the CVD method. Further, the heat transfer member  140  may be conductive. As shown in  FIG. 1 , both ends of the heat transfer member  140  are connected to the power supply  150 . When the power supply  150  supplies power to the heat transfer member  140 , the heat transfer member  140  generates heat and cures the frit  130 . In addition, the heat transfer member  140  may be covered with a passivation layer (not shown) to prevent the heat transfer member  140  from being oxidized. Here, the passivation layer may be an inorganic material including at least one of an oxide layer, a nitride layer, and pyro-carbon.  
      In the meantime, when it is difficult to use the oven, the hot-plate, and the laser, or when the first frit  130   a  is semi-cured without a separate device, the heat transfer member  140  provided on the first frit  130   a  can be used to semi-cure the first frit  130   a . In this case, the heat transfer member  140  is formed along the first frit  130   a  after forming the first frit  130   a , and is then connected to the power supply  150  as shown in  FIG. 1 , so that it is possible to semi-cure the frit  130   a.    
      Referring to  FIG. 19D , a second frit  130   b  is formed on the heat transfer member  140 . The second frit  130   b  can be formed by the same method and under the same conditions as the first frit  130   a.    
      Referring to  FIG. 19E , the insulating substrate  100  provided with the display element  110  is joined to the cover substrate  120 , and then power is supplied to the heat transfer member  140  via the power supply  150  while pressing the two substrates  100  and  120 , thereby curing the frits  130   a  and  130   b . Preferably, the curing process is performed at a temperature of 400° C. or more to completely cure the frits  130   a  and  130   b . Further, the heat transfer member  140  can be connected to the power supply  150  before or after joining the two substrates  100  and  120  together. Preferably, the process of joining the two substrates  100  and  120  is performed in the vacuum chamber and with a pressure of about  760  torr. Further, the power supply  150  can be a general well-known device. The power supply  150  can be an RF power source supplying high frequency power. The power supply  150  is not included in the OLED  1 , so that it can be removed after supplying power to the heat transfer member  140  for curing the frits  130   a  and  130   b . Thus, the display element  110  is effectively protected from moisture and oxygen. Such an encapsulating process is simple, and thus can be easily applied to mass-production.  
      An exemplary method of fabricating an exemplary flat panel display according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention will now be described. Here, repetitive descriptions will be avoided as compared with the method based on  FIGS. 19A through 19E .  
      In the OLED  1  according to another exemplary embodiment contrary to  FIG. 19D , the second frit  130   b  is formed on the insulating substrate  100  provided with the display element  110  while facing the first frit  130   a  of the cover substrate  120 , and then the two substrates  100  and  120  are joined together.  
      According to another exemplary embodiment, there are provided the cover substrate  120  and the insulating substrate  100  having the display element  110 . In this embodiment, the heat transfer member  140  is formed along an edge of at least one of the two substrates  100  and  120 , and then the frits  130   a ,  130   b  are formed in at least one of two substrates  100  and  120  in correspondence with the heat transfer member  140 . Then, the two substrates  100  and  120  are joined together and cured.  
      An exemplary method of fabricating the exemplary flat panel display according to the eighth exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to  FIGS. 20A through 20G .  
      Referring to  FIG. 20A , the frit  130  is formed along the edges of the cover substrate  120 . Here, the frit  130  can have a width d 1  of 0.1 mm through 5 mm, and a thickness d 2  of 5 μm through 3 mm, in which the importance of such ranges are described above. Likewise, the material and the role of the frit  130  are the same as described above. After the frit  130  is formed, the frit  130  is cured by applying a high temperature, such as to the cover substrate  120 . To cure the frit  130 , a high temperature of about 300° C. or more is required. Further, exemplary methods of curing the frit  130  include applying laser to the frit  130 , using an oven, or supplying electric power to a hot wire provided inside the frit  130 .  
      In the conventional method, the frit is cured after forming it on the insulating substrate or in the state that the insulating substrate and the cover substrate are joined together. However, the display element provided on the insulating substrate may become defective because of the high temperature applied for curing the frit. On the other hand, according to the present invention, the frit  130  is cured after forming it on the cover substrate  120 , so that a defect of the display element  110  due to the high temperature is minimized or prevented. After the frit  130  is cured, the surface of the frit  130  undergoes the polishing process and is planarized. Thus, the top surface of the frit  130  is improved in flatness and uniformity, thereby enhancing adhesive uniformity and adhesive effect between the two substrates  100  and  120 .  
      Then, as shown in  FIGS. 20B and 20C , the filler  160  is formed on the cover substrate  120 . Here, the filler  160  can be formed by one of the dispensing method, the screen-printing method, the slit-coating method, and the roll-printing method. According to the eighth exemplary embodiment, the filler  160  includes the first part  160   a  provided on an area of the cover substrate  120  corresponding to the display element  110 , and the second part  160   b  spaced apart from the first part  160   a  and formed on the frit  130 . The first part  160   a  protects the display element  110 , and the second part  160   b  joins the frit  130  with the insulating substrate  110 . Alternatively, the filler  160  may be formed on the insulating substrate  100 .  
      Then, as shown in  FIGS. 20D and 20E , a liquid moisture absorbing solution is dropped within the space  161  between the first part  160   a  of the filler  160  and the frit  130 , thereby forming the moisture absorber  170  on the cover substrate  120 . Here, the moisture absorber  170  can be formed by dropping the moisture absorbing solution within the space  161  while a dispenser is moved along the space  161 , or by the screen-printing method. The moisture absorber  170  has a very low permeability to moisture and oxygen, so that the organic emission layer within the display element  110  is prevented from deteriorating.  
      Alternatively, the moisture absorber  170  may be formed on the cover substrate  120  before forming the filler  160 . Then, the moisture absorber  170  and the frit  130  can be cured at the same time, or the moisture absorber  170  can be separately cured after curing the frit  130 .  
      Then, as shown in  FIG. 20F , the insulating substrate  100  and the cover substrate  120  are aligned and joined with each other. Preferably, the two substrates  100  and  120  are pressed to make the filler  160  cover the display element  110  formed on the insulating substrate  100  uniformly. Further, the two substrates  100  and  120  are pressed to minimize the distance there between, so that oxygen and moisture, which can be introduced between the two substrates  100  and  120 , are minimized.  
      Then, as shown in  FIG. 20G , in the state that the two substrates  100  and  120  are joined to each other, at least one of heat and light is applied to the filler  160  and the moisture absorber  170 , so that the filler  160  and the moisture absorber  170  are cured, thereby completing the OLED  1 .  
      An exemplary method of fabricating the exemplary flat panel display according to the twelfth exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to  FIGS. 21A through 21F .  
      First, as shown in  FIG. 21A , the frit  130  is formed on the insulating substrate  100  and the cover substrate  120 . In more detail, the first frit  130   a  and the second frit  130   b  are formed along the edges of the insulating substrate  100  and the cover substrate  120 , respectively. The first frit  130   a  and the second frit  130   b  can be formed by one of the screen-printing method, the dispensing method, and the dipping method. The processes of forming the first and second frits  130   a  and  130   b  can be performed at the same time, or can be performed in sequence.  
      Such a frit  130  includes an adhesive powdered glass such as SiO 2 , TiO 2 , PbO, PbTiO 3 , Al 2 O 3 , etc. Further, the frit  130  has a very low permeability to moisture and oxygen, so that the organic emission layer within the display element  110  is prevented from deteriorating and a water getter is not needed. Also, the frit  130  has sufficient durability to endure vacuum mounting, so that the OLED can be fabricated in a vacuum chamber, thereby minimizing the permeability of oxygen and moisture from the outside. The first and second frits  130   a  and  130   b  have a width d 1  of 0.1 mm through 5 mm, and a thickness d 2  of 5 μm through 3 mm. Such ranges allow the two substrates  100  and  120  to be stably joined together and have merits as a product as previously described.  
      The insulating substrate  100  is already formed with the display element  110  prior to forming the first frit  130   a  thereon.  
      As shown in  FIGS. 21B and 21C , the insulating substrate  100 , the cover substrate  120 , and the heat transfer member  140  are aligned such that the heat transfer member  140  manufactured by injecting molding or extrusion molding is partially interposed between the first frit  130   a  and the second frit  130   b  opposite to each other. Referring to  FIG. 21B , the heat transfer member  140  substantially includes rectangular plates. The heat transfer member  140  includes the first sub-plate  140   a , the second sub-plate  140   b , the third sub-plate  140   c , and the fourth sub-plate  140   d . As shown in  FIG. 21C , each of the sub-plates  140   a ,  140   b ,  140   c , and  140   d  includes the main body  141  to be inserted between the first and second frits  130   a  and  130   b , and a cut part  142  extended outwardly from the main body  141  and formed with a cut groove  143 . The heat transfer member  140  is disposed to interpose the main body  141  between the first and second frits  130   a  and  130   b . Further, each sub-plate  140   a ,  140   b ,  140   c , and  140   d  is decreased in thickness within the cut groove  143 . Each cut groove  143  is provided adjacent each lengthwise edge of the first through fourth sub-plates  140   a ,  140   b ,  140   c , and  140   d . The main body  141  has a thickness d 7  of 10 μm through 1000 μm, and the thickness d 8  at the cut groove  143  of the cut part  142  is 30% through 80% of the thickness d 7 . The lengthwise edge of the first through fourth sub-plates  140   a ,  140   b ,  140   c , and  140   d  is provided to substantially have the same length as the edge of the insulating substrate  100 . Further, the short edge of the heat transfer member  140  has a length L 1  longer than the width d 1  of the frit  130 . Such dimensions are needed for obtaining the proper temperature to cure the frits  130   a  and  130   b  and for minimizing defective adhesion. Further, such dimensions are needed for making the display compact and minimizing defects of a lower metal wiring line.  
      Then, as shown in  FIG. 21D , the insulating substrate  100  and the cover substrate  120  are joined together while making the display element  110  face the cover substrate  120 . Preferably, this joining process is performed in a vacuum chamber with a pressure of about 760 torr. The main body  141  of the heat transfer member  140  is aligned between the frits  130   a  and  130   b  such that the cut part  142  of the heat transfer member  140  is positioned outside of the frit  130 .  
      Then, as shown in  FIG. 21E , a power supply  150  is connected between opposite ends of the heat transfer member  140  and supplies electric power to the heat transfer member  140 , thereby curing the frit  130 . In more detail, when electric power is supplied to the heat transfer member  140 , heat is generated owing to the interior resistance of the heat transfer member  140  and thus cures the frit  130 . To completely cure the frit  130 , the electric power is supplied such that the heat transfer member  140  is heated within the temperature of 300° C. through 700° C. The power supply  150  may be connected to the heat transfer member  140  after the two substrates  100  and  120  are joined together. Alternatively, the power supply  150  may be connected to the heat transfer member  140  before the two substrates  100  and  120  are joined together. Here, the power supply  150  can be implemented by a publicly-known device that is generally capable of supplying electric power. For example, an RF power source supplying high frequency power may be employed for the power supply  150 . Since the power supply  150  is not included in the OLED  1 , it is removed after supplying power to the heat transfer member  140  for curing the frit  130 . Thus, the display element  110  is effectively protected from moisture and oxygen. Such an encapsulating process is simple, and thus can be easily applied to mass-production.  
      As shown in  FIG. 21F , the cut part  142  of the heat transfer member  140  is removed from the main body  141 , such as by a cutting process. The cutting process for the cut part  142  is performed by bending the cut part  142  up and down with respect to the cut groove  143 . Alternatively, the cut part  142  may be removed from the main body  141  by cutting the cut groove  143  with a cutting tool such as a knife. Thus, the heat transfer member  140  includes the cut groove  143  having the relatively thin thickness, so that the cut part  142 , which of no use after curing the frit  130 , can be easily removed after the curing process. Therefore, the OLED  1  is completed while the end of the cut part  142  is decreased in thickness as compared with that of the main body  141 , as shown in  FIG. 18B .  
      Another exemplary method of fabricating the exemplary flat panel display according to the twelfth exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to  FIGS. 22A, 22B , and  22 C. In the following description, only different features from the foregoing exemplary fabricating method will be described, and thus reference may be made to the foregoing fabricating method or publicly known technology for omitted or brief descriptions. For convenience, like numerals refer to like elements.  
      First, as shown in  FIGS. 22A and 22B , the first frit  130   a  and the second frit  130   b  are attached to opposite surfaces of the heat transfer member  140  manufactured by injection molding or extrusion molding. In more detail, the first frit  130   a  is formed on one surface of the main body  141 , and the second frit  130   b  is formed on an opposite surface of the main body  141 . Here, the frit  130  can have a predetermined viscous property, and can be attached to the opposite surfaces of the main body  141  by the dispensing method, the screen-printing method, or the dipping method.  
      As shown in  FIG. 22C , after forming the first and second frits  130   a  and  130   b  on opposite surfaces of each of the sub-plates  140   a ,  140   b ,  140   c , and  140   d , the insulating substrate  100 , the cover substrate  120 , and the heat transfer member  140  are aligned such that the first and second frits  130   a  and  130   b  are disposed between the edge of the insulating substrate  100  and the cover substrate  120 .  
      As in the fabricating method of the first exemplary embodiment, the power supply is connected to and supplies electric power to the heat transfer member  140  so as to cure the frit  130 . Then, the cut part  142  is removed at the cut groove  143 , thereby completing the OLED. As described above, the present invention provides a flat panel display that can minimize inflow of oxygen and moisture from the outside.  
      Further, the present invention provides a method of fabricating a flat panel display that can minimize inflow of oxygen and moisture from the outside.  
      Although a few embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.