Patent Publication Number: US-10775191-B2

Title: Selection and presentation of geographic content in an automotive environment

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/291,987, filed on May 30, 2014, entitled “Selection and Presentation of Geographic Content in an Automotive Environment,” the entire disclosure of which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY 
     This application generally relates to interactive digital maps and, more particularly, to generating automatic suggestions when a user interacts with a digital map. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The background description provided herein is for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the disclosure. Work of the presently named inventors, to the extent it is described in this background section, as well as aspects of the description that may not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the present disclosure. 
     Many modern electronic devices support digital mapping services that provide interactive digital maps, navigation directions, and geographic commercial content (such as geographically relevant advertisements, for example). These digital mapping services can include client-side mapping applications and, in some cases, tasks executing on network servers. The network servers can select and provide geographic content to client devices, which may include personal computers, smartphones, and head units of vehicles. The geographic content can include responses to specific requests, results of geographic search queries, automatic suggestions, etc. In some cases, the network servers generate a large amount of content, which may take the user a long time to review. 
     SUMMARY 
     In accordance with the techniques of this disclosure, a digital mapping service determines that a client device is operating in a vehicle, selects geographic content relevant specifically to an automotive context, and provides the selected geographic content to the client device for display in the vehicle as a “car-friendly” list. In this manner, the digital mapping service minimizes unnecessary user interaction with a user interface, while in a car. The digital mapping service can provide the geographic content to the client device in response to a search query or a request for automatic suggestions, for example. The geographic content can be based at least in part on previous interactions of the user of the client device with the digital mapping service. These interactions can include, for example, previous requests for navigation directions, previous searches, reviews of businesses, etc. In some embodiments, the user operates certain controls and/or installs certain applications to allow the digital mapping service to generate geographic content using this type of data. 
     More specifically, one embodiment of these techniques is a system including a non-transitory computer-readable medium and processing hardware coupled to the non-transitory computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium stores profile data for a registered user, where the profile data including indications of previous interactions of the user with a digital mapping service. The processing hardware is configured to (i) receive a request for geographic content from a client device, where the request includes an indication that the user invoked the digital mapping service in a vehicle, (ii) in response to the request, automatically generate geographic content based at least in part on the indications of previous interactions, including select the geographic content in view of its relevance to an automotive context, and (iii) provide the geographic content to the client device for presentation in the vehicle. 
     Another embodiment is a method for providing geographic content in an automotive context. The method includes receiving a request for geographic content from a client device, where the request includes (i) an indication that a user invoked the digital mapping service in a vehicle and (ii) an identifier of the user. The method also includes automatically retrieving, in response to the request, profile data for the user, the profile data including indications of previous interactions of the user with a digital mapping service. The method further includes generating geographic content based on the indications of previous interactions in view of relevance of the previous interactions to an automotive context, and providing the geographic content to the client device for presentation in the vehicle. 
     Yet another embodiment is a computing device includes a network interface to communicate with a network server providing a digital mapping service, and processing hardware coupled to the network interface. The processing hardware is configured to (i) determine that the computing device is currently operating in a vehicle, (ii) send, via the network interface, a request for geographic content to the network server, where the request includes an indication that the computing device is currently operating in the vehicle and identity of a user operating the computing device, (iii) receive, via the network interface, geographic content automatically generated at the network server based on indications of previous interactions of the user with the digital mapping service, in view of relevance of the geographic content to an automotive context, and (iv) provide the geographic content to the user via a user interface. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an example system for generating geographic content relevant to an automotive context, to present to the user; 
         FIG. 2A  is a block diagram of an example portable device that can operate in the system of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 2B  is a block diagram of an example server that can operate in the system of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a flow diagram of an example method for communicating to a user a filtered list of automatically generated geographic content, which can be implemented in the server in  FIG. 1 ; and 
         FIG. 4  is a flow diagram of an example method for displaying a filtered list of automatically generated geographic content, which can be implemented in the portable device in  FIG. 1 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Overview 
     Generally speaking, when a system of this disclosure determines that a registered user is interacting with a digital mapping service in an automotive environment, the system adjusts the selection of automatically generated geographic content so as to make this information more relevant to the automotive environment. To interact with the digital mapping service, the registered user can invoke a mapping software executing in a head unit of a vehicle or in a portable device, for example. In some cases, the portable device can be connected to the head unit of the vehicle via a short-range communication link, so that the user can interact with the digital mapping software executing on the portable device via the user interface embedded in the head unit. Portable, embedded, and other devices that can execute mapping software are collectively referred to in this application as “client devices.” The user of a client device is referred to below as the driver of the car, but in general the user and the driver need not be the same person. 
     In an example implementation, a content server stores the driver&#39;s profile data that includes indications of past categorical searches, searches for specific businesses, reviews of businesses, requests for driving directions, etc. These indications can be stored with respective timestamps. The digital mapping software can request a list of recent queries, new search results, or personalized suggestions from the system for display in the vehicle. The request can include an indication that a client device is operating in a vehicle and, when the user drives several vehicles, an indication of which of the several vehicles the user is currently driving. In some embodiments, the user operates certain controls and/or installs certain applications on the client device to allow the content server to generate geographic content using this type of data. 
     In response, the system can “filter” the profile data to prioritize information related to driving in general and to the current context of the client device (e.g., the current location, the navigation route, the identity of the vehicle) in particular. The system can lower the priority of the data that probably has little or no relevance to present driving context and, in some cases, not provide this information to the portable device at all. For example, a certain driver typically may drive only to destinations within ten miles of her current location. The driver is unlikely to be interested in a destination outside of this range, and thus the system deprioritize data related to locations farther than ten miles from the current location of the driver. 
     Example Communication Systems, Devices, and Methods 
     An example system that generates geographic content in view of the automotive context is discussed next, followed by a discussion of an example portable device and an example content server that can operate in this system. 
     Referring first to  FIG. 1 , an example system  10  includes a portable user device  12  in communication with a head unit  14  of a vehicle via a short-range communication wired link such as Universal Serial Bus (USB) or a wireless link such as IEEE 802.15 (Bluetooth®) or Wi-Fi Direct®. Additionally, the portable user device  12  communicates with a content server  18  via a communication network  20 , which can be a wide area network such as the Internet. The content server  18  is coupled to a geospatial database  22  and a user profile database  24 . 
     The portable user device  12  can be a portable computing device such as a smartphone or a tablet computer, for example. An example implementation of the portable device  12  is discussed with reference to  FIG. 2A . The content server  18  can be implemented as a single device or a group of servers (e.g., a set of front-end servers and a set of back-end servers). The corresponding databases  22  and  24  can be implemented in any suitable manner, such as relational databases implemented in dedicated storage devices, dedicated groups of storage devices, or on the server  18 , for example. The content server contains a data filtering module  28  that prioritizes and assesses the relevance of user profile data  26  in view of the automotive context. An example implementation of the content server  18  is discussed with reference to  FIG. 2B . 
     In operation, the portable device  12  determines that it is operating in an automotive environment. For example, the driver can explicitly direct output of the mapping software operating in the portable device  12  to the head unit  14  by operating appropriate user interface controls, or implicitly direct the output to the head unit  14  by connecting the devices  12  and  14  with a USB cable. The portable user device  12  then transmits, to the content server  18 , an indication that a digital mapping service has been invoked in an automotive context, the current location of the portable device  12 , and an identifier of the driver, according to an example implementation. The indication can also include an identifier of the head unit  14  associated with the vehicle. The identifier can be any suitable number or alphanumeric string sufficiently unique to the head unit  14  and/or the vehicle in which the head unit  14  is installed. For example, the identifier can be the serial number of the head unit  14  or the Media Access Control (MAC) address of the USB port on the head unit  14 . 
     The content server  18  identifies the user profile data  26  stored in the user profile database  24  associated with the driver. The user profile data  26  includes indications of past interactions of the user with a digital mapping service, which may include a chronologically ordered list of addresses searched, categorical searches, reviews submitted, business searched, etc. The user profile data  26  may also include locations that the driver frequently visits while using the vehicle associated with the head unit. The content server  18  also identifies relevant geospatial data stored in the geospatial database  22  as it pertains to the current location of the portable device and the user profile data  26 . 
     The data filtering module  28  filters the user profile data  26  based on its relevance to the automotive context to generate a car-friendly filtered list  32 . To assess relevance to the automotive context, the data filtering module  28  can use a set of signals  27  that can include such signals as distance from the route being driven, relevance to driving, etc. For example, locations in the user profile data  26  may include destinations that are unreachable by car. The data filtering module  28  accordingly may exclude the unreachable location from the filtered list  32 . In another example, the data filtering module  28  may determine that the driver usually visits destinations within a ten-mile radius of the current location of portable user device  12 , and accordingly deprioritize or exclude destinations outside of the-ten mile radius from the filtered list  32 . As another example, because a driver frequently drives to a certain destination, the data filtering module  28  may assign a higher priority to that destination within the filtered list  32 . Further, the data filtering module  28  may assign priorities and/or exclude geographic content in view of other factors, such as, for example, distance from a current driving route, type of interaction with the digital mapping service associated with the location (e.g. seeking directions to a location may be more relevant than reviewing a business), and relevance of the business to the driving context (e.g. a gas station is highly relevant to the driving context). 
     The data filtering module  28  may also filter the user profile data  26  based on the identifier of the head unit  14  associated with the vehicle. A driver may have a tendency to drive to different locations in different vehicles. For example, a driver may use one car to drive to work on weekdays and a separate vehicle to drive the family on weekends. In this case, when the data filtering module  28  determines that the driver is using the first car, the driver&#39;s office may appear near the top of the filtered list  32 . However, when the vehicle filtering service  28  determines that the driver is using the second car, the data filtering module  28  may deprioritize or even exclude the office from the filtered list  32 . The data filtering module  28  may weigh these and other factors differently when determining the relevance of a destination to the automotive context. 
     After generating the filtered list  32 , the content server  18  can transmit geographic content in accordance with the filtered list  32  to the portable user device  12 . More particularly, the content server  18  can transmit the geographic content in the form of an ordered list (corresponding to the order of the filtered list  32 ), with each entry including a geographic search term, an identifier of a geographic location, the name and address of a business, etc. In some cases, the geographic content can include more robust data such as detailed descriptions of businesses and destinations, images, audio announcements, etc. Depending on the scenario, the portable user device  12  can display or playback the geographic content via the user interface of the portable device  12  or via the head unit  14 . The driver can scroll through the geographic content using finger gestures, voice commands, or by operating hardware buttons, for example. 
     In another implementation, digital mapping and navigation software can be implemented in the head unit  14 . In this case, the head unit  14  can directly communicate with the content server  18 , and the portable user device  12  need not be used at all. 
     Now referring to  FIG. 2A , a portable user device  100  can operate in the communication system  10  (as the portable user device  12 , for example) or in another suitable computing environment. The user device  100  includes processing hardware such as one or more processor(s)  102 , such as a central processing unit (CPU), coupled to a memory  104 . The memory  104  can include one or several persistent memory modules such as a flash memory, hard disc, optical disc, etc. and/or one or several non-persistent memory modules such as a Random Access Memory (RAM) module, readable by the processor(s)  102 . In some implementations, the one or more processor(s) also include a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) to more accurately and efficiently render graphics content. Further, the user device  100  can include a wired and/or wireless short-range communication interface  106  that supports a scheme such as Bluetooth®, Wi-Fi Direct®, or USB, and a long-range communication interface  108  that supports a scheme such as 802.11 (Wi-Fi®) or a suitable telephony protocol, for example. 
     The user device  100  further includes input and output device(s)  110  such as a touchscreen, a microphone, a non-touch screen, a keyboard, a mouse, speakers, etc. Further, the user device  10  in this example implementation includes positioning sensor(s)  112  which may include a GPS sensor and/or a proximity sensor, for example. The user device  100  in some embodiments can determine its current location using the communication  106  and  108  to locate Wi-Fi hotspots having known positions and perform triangulation. The components  102 - 112  can be interconnected via a digital bus  120 , for example. 
     The memory  104  stores a mapping/navigation module  132  that provides geographic data to a vehicle and, in some cases, receives data from the vehicle. In some embodiments, the mapping/navigation module  132  operates as a digital mapping module that generates an interactive digital map for display via a screen of the portable device  100  and/or the head unit of a vehicle. To this end, the user device  100  can receive geographic data in vector and/or raster format, as well as filtered lists of suggested destinations, from a content server, such as the content server  18  of  FIG. 1 . The mapping/navigation module  132  can include compiled instructions, non-compiled instructions interpreted by another software module, or both. The mapping/navigation module  132  can be, for example, a standalone application, library, or a plugin. 
     The mapping/navigation module  132  is further configured to receive an indication a digital mapping service is invoked and a vehicle identifier via the short-range communication interface  106 , provide the indication and vehicle identifier to a content server (such as the server  18 ) via the long-range communication interface  108 , and receive a filtered list of suggestion destinations and the relevant geographic content. When the mapping/navigation module  132  receives geographic content organized into a filtered list, the mapping/navigation module  132  can display at least a portion of the filtered list. Example operation of the mapping/navigation module  132  is further discussed with reference to  FIG. 4 . 
     Next,  FIG. 2B  illustrates an example content server  150  which can operate as the content server  18  of  FIG. 1 , for example. The server  150  includes processing hardware including one or more processor(s)  152  coupled to a memory  154 . The example server  150  also includes a network interface  156  and a digital bus  158  via which the components of the server  150  are interconnected. The memory  154  stores a data filtering module  182 , which can be similar to the data filtering module  28  discussed above. The service  182  can be implemented, for example, using software instructions executable on the processor(s)  152 . 
     In an example scenario, the vehicle filtering service  182  receives an indication that a digital mapping service has been invoked in an automotive context, a user name associated with the driver, and a vehicle identifier. The service  182  can access a user profile database that may be coupled to the content server  150 . The user profile database may also be implemented in the memory  154 . The vehicle filtering service  182  generates a filtered list of suggested destinations to be transmitted to a portable user device. Example operation of the service  182  is further discussed with reference to  FIG. 3 . 
     Referring generally to  FIGS. 2A and 2B , it will be understood that the portable user device  100  and the content server  150  can include additional components or, conversely, be implemented without some of the illustrated components. Further, two or more of the illustrated components can be implemented as a single component. Still further, some of the components illustrated as single blocks can be made up of multiple interconnected components. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates an example method  200  for communicating to a user a filtered list of automatically generated geographic content. The method  200  can be implemented in the content server  18  of  FIG. 1  as a set of computer instructions, for example. 
     At block  202 , an indication that a mapping software was invoked in a vehicle is received. As discussed above, the indication can include vehicle context data including at least some of the following parameters: the identifier of the user as recognized by the digital mapping service, the current location of the vehicle, an identifier of the vehicle (when the user drives multiple vehicles). In some cases, the indication is received along with a request for geographic content, which may be explicit (e.g., “provide recent geographic search queries of the user” or “provide automatic suggestions”) or implicit (e.g., “provide navigation directions from the current location to Sydney”). 
     At block  204 , user profile data indicative of the user&#39;s past interactions with the digital mapping is retrieved, including time-stamped reviews, searches, requests for navigation directions, etc. Next, at blocks  206 - 210 , the profile data is selected and organized into a car-friendly list. In particular, the list of indications of past user&#39;s interactions is sorted chronologically at block  206 . Data related to searched-for businesses that are disposed farther than a certain distance D from the current location of the vehicle is filtered out at block  208 . In a similar manner, business reviews and other activities related to locations disposed farther than distance D can be filtered out. At block  210 , activities that are likely to be irrelevant to the automotive context are deprioritized and/or filtered out. For example, reviews of businesses may be filtered out while navigation directions may be retained. 
     It is noted that the method  200  can include activities related to selecting and prioritizing geographic content in addition to the actions discussed with reference to blocks  206 - 210 . For example, geographic content can be further filtered in view of the specific vehicle the user is driving. 
     At block  212 , the suggested geographic content is sent to the client device, in accordance with the list generated at blocks  206 - 210 . 
     Next,  FIG. 4  illustrates an example method  250  for displaying a filtered list of automatically generated geographic content, which can be implemented in the portable device in  FIG. 1 , for example. Similar to the method  200 , the method  250  can be implemented as a set of instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable one or more processors. 
     The method  250  begins at block  252 , where it is determined that a mapping service was invoked in a vehicle. For example, a mapping application operating in a smartphone can determine that the user chose to direct output to the head unit of a vehicle. An indication of the current automotive context is sent to the server at block  254 . Depending on the scenario, the indication can be sent as part of a request for automatic suggestions, a request for a list of recent activities, a request for navigation directions, etc. The indication of the current automotive context can include an identifier of the user, an identifier of the vehicle, the current location of the vehicle, an indication of current speed, etc. The geographic content is then received in response to the sent indication at block  256 , and displayed at block  258 . 
     Additional Considerations 
     The following additional considerations apply to the foregoing discussion. Throughout this specification, plural instances may implement components, operations, or structures described as a single instance. Although individual operations of one or more methods are illustrated and described as separate operations, one or more of the individual operations may be performed concurrently, and nothing requires that the operations be performed in the order illustrated. Structures and functionality presented as separate components in example configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component. Similarly, structures and functionality presented as a single component may be implemented as separate components. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements fall within the scope of the subject matter of the present disclosure. 
     Additionally, certain embodiments are described herein as including logic or a number of components or modules. Modules may constitute either software modules (e.g., code stored on a machine-readable medium) or hardware modules. A hardware module is tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain manner. In example embodiments, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone, client or server computer system) or one or more hardware modules of a computer system (e.g., a processor or a group of processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an application or application portion) as a hardware module that operates to perform certain operations as described herein. 
     A hardware module may comprise dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured (e.g., as a special-purpose processor, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)) to perform certain operations. A hardware module may also comprise programmable logic or circuitry (e.g., as encompassed within a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor) that is temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. It will be appreciated that the decision to implement a hardware module in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software) may be driven by cost and time considerations. 
     Accordingly, the term hardware should be understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certain operations described herein. Considering embodiments in which hardware modules are temporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of the hardware modules need not be configured or instantiated at any one instance in time. For example, where the hardware modules comprise a general-purpose processor configured using software, the general-purpose processor may be configured as respective different hardware modules at different times. Software may accordingly configure a processor, for example, to constitute a particular hardware module at one instance of time and to constitute a different hardware module at a different instance of time. 
     Hardware and software modules can provide information to, and receive information from, other hardware and/or software modules. Accordingly, the described hardware modules may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multiple of such hardware or software modules exist contemporaneously, communications may be achieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses) that connect the hardware or software modules. In embodiments in which multiple hardware modules or software are configured or instantiated at different times, communications between such hardware or software modules may be achieved, for example, through the storage and retrieval of information in memory structures to which the multiple hardware or software modules have access. For example, one hardware or software module may perform an operation and store the output of that operation in a memory device to which it is communicatively coupled. A further hardware or software module may then, at a later time, access the memory device to retrieve and process the stored output. Hardware and software modules may also initiate communications with input or output devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection of information). 
     The various operations of example methods described herein may be performed, at least partially, by one or more processors that are temporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured to perform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanently configured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented modules that operate to perform one or more operations or functions. The modules referred to herein may, in some example embodiments, comprise processor-implemented modules. 
     Similarly, the methods or routines described herein may be at least partially processor-implemented. For example, at least some of the operations of a method may be performed by one or processors or processor-implemented hardware modules. The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed among the one or more processors, not only residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some example embodiments, the processor or processors may be located in a single location (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment or as a server farm), while in other embodiments the processors may be distributed across a number of locations. 
     The one or more processors may also operate to support performance of the relevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as an SaaS. For example, as indicated above, at least some of the operations may be performed by a group of computers (as examples of machines including processors), these operations being accessible via a network (e.g., the Internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., APIs). 
     The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed among the one or more processors, not only residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some example embodiments, the one or more processors or processor-implemented modules may be located in a single geographic location (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment, or a server farm). In other example embodiments, the one or more processors or processor-implemented modules may be distributed across a number of geographic locations. 
     Some portions of this specification are presented in terms of algorithms or symbolic representations of operations on data stored as bits or binary digital signals within a machine memory (e.g., a computer memory). These algorithms or symbolic representations are examples of techniques used by those of ordinary skill in the data processing arts to convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. As used herein, an “algorithm” or a “routine” is a self-consistent sequence of operations or similar processing leading to a desired result. In this context, algorithms, routines and operations involve physical manipulation of physical quantities. Typically, but not necessarily, such quantities may take the form of electrical, magnetic, or optical signals capable of being stored, accessed, transferred, combined, compared, or otherwise manipulated by a machine. It is convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to such signals using words such as “data,” “content,” “bits,” “values,” “elements,” “symbols,” “characters,” “terms,” “numbers,” “numerals,” or the like. These words, however, are merely convenient labels and are to be associated with appropriate physical quantities. 
     Unless specifically stated otherwise, discussions herein using words such as “processing,” “computing,” “calculating,” “determining,” “presenting,” “displaying,” or the like may refer to actions or processes of a machine (e.g., a computer) that manipulates or transforms data represented as physical (e.g., electronic, magnetic, or optical) quantities within one or more memories (e.g., volatile memory, non-volatile memory, or a combination thereof), registers, or other machine components that receive, store, transmit, or display information. 
     As used herein any reference to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular element, feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. The appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. 
     Some embodiments may be described using the expression “coupled” and “connected” along with their derivatives. For example, some embodiments may be described using the term “coupled” to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact. The term “coupled,” however, may also mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other, but yet still co-operate or interact with each other. The embodiments are not limited in this context. 
     As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, “or” refers to an inclusive or and not to an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present). 
     In addition, use of the “a” or “an” are employed to describe elements and components of the embodiments herein. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the description. This description should be read to include one or at least one and the singular also includes the plural unless it is obvious that it is meant otherwise. 
     Upon reading this disclosure, those of skill in the art will appreciate still additional alternative structural and functional designs for generating geographic content for use in a vehicle through the disclosed principles herein. Thus, while particular embodiments and applications have been illustrated and described, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are not limited to the precise construction and components disclosed herein. Various modifications, changes and variations, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art, may be made in the arrangement, operation and details of the method and apparatus disclosed herein without departing from the spirit and scope defined in the appended claims.