Patent Publication Number: US-11020315-B2

Title: Pipeless water jet assembly

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation-in-part and claims priority to U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 15/988,469 filed on May 24, 2018 titled “Pipeless Water Jet Assembly”, which is a continuation of U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 14/733,049 filed on Jun. 8, 2015 titled “Pipeless Water Jet Assembly”, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/008,661 filed on Jun. 6, 2014 titled “Pipeless Water Jet Assembly” and the disclosures of which are incorporated herein. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a jet assembly for generating a massaging pulse of water commonly associated with whirlpools, hot tubs, pedicure spas, swimming pools, bathtubs, medical tubs, and other such devices that are commonly subsequently cleaned and/or disinfected prior to subsequent use. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     It is generally known to provide a jet stream of water in such products as health and swim spas, whirlpools, jet stream exercisers, foot spas, bathtubs, etc. such that the stream of water can provide a massaging effect to the person positioned proximate the outflow of the jet. Such jet producing systems have been in commercial use for decades. However, all of the water jet producing devices in existence today have disadvantages including being difficult and sometimes almost impossible to thoroughly clean and/or disinfect. While it is accepted that diligent adherence to published procedures for cleaning and/or treatment can often maintain a desired level of clarity and sanitary condition of the water associated with such appliances, many such processes are commonly complicated, costly and time consuming such that such cleaning procedures are rarely strictly adhered to and/or followed. 
     More aggressive cleaning protocols can require the user or service personnel to disassemble pump and jet assemblies such that disassembly of pump impellers, screens and/or stators, etc, such that the cleaning process takes an inordinate amount of time and associated with the inability to use the respective appliance. Such service and cleaning down time considerations cost commercial users of such devices to lose income as well as endure the expense associated with such services and the intermediate chemical treatments. In the case of consumers, complicated cleaning procedures of piped or even pipe free water jet systems are hardly, if ever, strictly adhered to. Such inattention can result in the collection of the undesired matter in the jet system which is expelled into the user environment upon subsequent operation of the jet system. 
     Several actions can be taken in an attempt to overcome the difficulty of sanitation, including the addition of chemicals (e.g., bleach, chlorine, bromine) into the water to help control bacteria growth. Despite such efforts, however, water quality is sometimes still difficult to maintain. For example, bacteria can develop simple defense mechanisms such as the formation of a protective barrier or layer to counter chemical attacks. The destruction of the outer coating or barrier is generally successful with chemicals alone but most often times chemicals are only effective in destroying the outer barrier when used for extended periods of time, sometimes hours. Therefore, the preferred method of eliminating bacteria from jet pumping systems is through mechanical means such as abrasion (e.g., removal with a rag and a chemical cleanser that has anti-bacterial capabilities). 
     Unfortunately, many spa devices have intricate and elaborate systems of passages, cavities, orifices and pipes that move water from a pump, through a filtering system, and ultimately to one or more nozzles (e.g., openings) that deliver water back to a basin for re-circulation. In the case of a pedicure basin or whirlpool, the process of cleaning after each use involves draining the water from the system, spraying the basin with an anti-bacterial cleanser, circulating the water for a period of time, discarding the cleaning fluid, rinsing the basin, refilling with fresh water, re-circulating and draining once again. The various pipes and fittings often render it difficult if not impossible to mechanically scrub every component that comes into contact with the circulated water. Further, after a system is drained, some water commonly remains within the piping system, usually in cracks, crevices, and low portions of the circulation loop. For example, the pump itself is usually a sealed unit that may be difficult to completely drain. It is within these areas that bacteria tend to grow the outer barrier coating as a defensive mechanism against attack from anti-bacterial chemicals, especially when the system is not used for extended periods (e.g., overnight, weekends, etc.). Consequently, water quality may be diminished in conventional piped systems that are not effectively cleaned. 
     Another consideration to jet system constructions is that the jet streams produced by all systems in existence today rely on a high velocity, low mass flow stream to impart a massaging effect. The jet streams produced are harsh and can become uncomfortable after only a few minutes of use. Generally, people will sit in the jet stream for only a short period of time and then turn the jets off or remove themselves from the stream or, for those systems that include adjustable jets, reduce the velocity of the jet stream to levels that can be tolerated for longer durations. Such actions commonly satisfy the desires of one user to the detriment of the desires of other users. 
     The sometimes harsh massaging effect associated with many spa systems is commonly generated by pointing a small number of nozzles (e.g., openings) toward the body of the user. These nozzles are generally connected via pipes and hoses to a single centrifugal pump that produces a very high pressure (20-40 psi) and a relatively low volume of water. Many customers often complain that the jets of water produced in this manner are too rough, in some cases even producing pain or discomfort. Although the jets can be partially closed to reduce the force of the water stream, this also reduces the volume of water communicated from the discrete jets. Consequently, the massage effect is reduced since the jets are often a considerable distance away from the body (e.g., in the walls of the basin). 
     U.S. Pat. No. 2,312,524 to Cox discloses one example of a foot bathing device that utilizes foot rests that consist of a disk of heavy wire screening or a perforated plate. This type of system can have several disadvantages including producing unrestricted streams of water. For example, Cox discloses the use of a flat foot rest containing a uniform pattern of openings across the entire foot rest that is not capable of directing the water in any particular direction (e.g., a foot rest that includes a uniform grid pattern across the entire foot rest). 
     Therefore, there is a need for jet assembly that generates a desired massage effect and that mitigates some of the sanitation problems disclosed above. Further, it would be advantageous to provide an apparatus that does not require disassembly in order to achieve adequate disinfection. It would be further advantageous to have a device that produced a very large volume of water flow with very little pressure so that the massaging effect would not become uncomfortable after relatively short periods of exposure to same. It would also be advantageous to provide a massaging jet assembly that can be fluidly isolated for the contents of the basin to simplify winterization of such devices. Finally, it would also be advantageous to more efficiently create a pulsation of water so that the cost associated with operation of the water movement or pumping apparatus could be reduced. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention discloses a water jet pumping apparatus or device that overcomes one or more of the shortcomings discussed above. One aspect of the invention discloses a water jet assembly that includes a faceplate with at least one opening, a housing constructed to cooperate with the faceplate, and a mover disposed within a chamber of the housing. The mover is configured to move between a first position adjacent the at least one opening of the face plate and a second position offset from the faceplate to provide a volume within the chamber. The water jet assembly also includes an exciter connected to the housing and configured to transition the mover between the first position and the second position to increase and decrease the volume to move fluid in and out of the chamber via the at least one opening. The at least one opening is shaped and oriented to generate a toroidal waveform associated with operation of the exciter. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the exciter may be at least one of a solenoid, a pneumatic system, and a rotational actuator. A rotational actuator includes a rotational shaft and a cam disposed at a distal end of the rotational shaft. The cam is coupled to a linkage that translates motion of the rotational actuator to the mover. A pneumatic system includes a pneumatic valve, a pneumatic chamber, and a pneumatic relief valve. The pneumatic valve is configured to provide air or another fluid to a pneumatic chamber within the housing. The pneumatic relief valve is disposed in the mover and configured to relieve pressure within the pneumatic chamber. When the pressure is increased within the pneumatic chamber, the mover transitions to the first position. When the pressure is decreased within the pneumatic chamber, the mover transitions to the second position. 
     In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, the mover may include a piston and a diaphragm coupled together. In one instance, a ferromagnetic plate may be disposed in either the second end of the diaphragm or the first end of the piston, and a magnet may be disposed in the other of the second end of the diaphragm or the first end of the piston. The piston and diaphragm may then be joined via the ferromagnetic plate and the magnet. 
     Another aspect of the invention useable with one or more of the features or the aspects above discloses a method of manufacturing a water jet assembly that includes providing a housing having a chamber disposed therein, disposing a mover within the chamber, and securing a faceplate to the first end of the housing, the faceplate having at least one opening formed therein to access the accessible volume. The mover is configured to move between a first position adjacent a first end of the housing and a second position offset from the first end of the housing to provide an accessible volume within the chamber. An exciter may be connected to the housing and configured to transition the mover between the first position and the second position to increase and decrease the accessible volume and move fluid in and out of the chamber via the at least one opening. 
     In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the mover may be formed as a piston and a diaphragm. A first end of the diaphragm is secured to the first end of the housing, and a second end of the diaphragm is secured to a first end of the piston. In one instance, the method may include disposing a ferromagnetic plate in one of the second end of the diaphragm and the first end of the piston and disposing a magnet in the other of the second end of the diaphragm and the first end of the piston. The ferromagnetic plate and the magnet are configured to interact to secure the second end of the diaphragm to the first end of the piston. 
     In accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention, the exciter may be formed as at least one of a solenoid, a rotational actuator, and a pneumatic system. The rotational actuator is formed by providing a rotational shaft powered by a motor, coupling a cam to a distal end of the rotational shaft, and coupling the cam to a linkage. The linkage may then be coupled to the mover. The pneumatic system may be formed as a pneumatic valve coupled to the housing to provide air into a pneumatic chamber and increase pressure therein and a pneumatic relief valve disposed in the mover to decrease pressure within the pneumatic chamber. 
     Preferably, the water jet apparatus according to the present invention provides a means for pumping fluid while utilizing a toroidal soliton effect. Another feature of the present invention is to provide a means to pump water with a device that does not require disassembly to maintain proper cleaning or a desired sanitation of the jet assembly. Another feature of the present invention is to provide a means to create the effect of pumping large volumes of water without actually pumping large volumes of water. Another feature of the present invention is to provide a means to provide a massaging feel that is greatly improved over current technology. Another feature of the present invention is to force nearly or all of the entrained water out of the jet assembly when not operating. 
     Another feature of the present invention provides a means to destroy bacteria that may remain in the pumping mechanism through the use of silver or other suitable alternative plating or antibacterial materials on the internal surfaces associated with the pumping activity. Another feature of the present invention is to provide a water jet apparatus that does not require circulation pipes or pumps between the inlet and the outlet of the discrete jet assemblies. Such a consideration mitigates bacterial problems common to spa and hot tub assemblies that include a plurality of jets whose operation is associated with a primary pump associated with hidden plumbing features. 
     Another feature of the present invention is to provide an apparatus that can be properly disinfected after use without physical scrubbing or cleaning and/or without disassembly of the discrete jet flow generating devices. Another feature of the present invention is to provide a spa apparatus that does not have a single continuous elongated flow of water directed into and then out of the respective water jet devices and which can cause undesirable materials to be delivered and/or re-circulated by water and/or air jet systems. Another aspect or feature of the device is to provide a massaging effect that is unlike any other device in use today and which commonly requires high volume and high velocity water flows. 
     These and other aspects and features of the present invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description and the enclosed drawings. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a jet assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is an exploded perspective view of the jet assembly shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 2B  is a longitudinal cross section view of the jet assembly shown in  FIG. 1  with a graphical representation of the exciter associated therewith; 
         FIGS. 3 and 4  are perspective views of a faceplate of the jet assembly shown in  FIG. 1  with an indication of a water flow associated with operation of the jet assembly; 
         FIG. 5  is a sectional view of a basin, such as a hot tub, equipped with multiple jet assemblies as shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIGS. 6 and 7  are perspective graphical representations of an exciter assembly associated with forming a water jet assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 8  is a perspective graphical representation of an exciter assembly associated with forming a water jet assembly according to another embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 9  is a perspective graphical representation of an exciter assembly associated with forming a water jet assembly according to another embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 10  is a graph showing the generation of sequential soliton waves associated with operation of a water jet assembly equipped with an exciter according to any of the above embodiments; 
         FIG. 11  is a perspective view of a jet assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 12  is a perspective cross-section view of the jet assembly of  FIG. 11 ; 
         FIG. 13  is an elevational cross-section view of the jet assembly of  FIG. 11 ; 
         FIG. 14  is a perspective view of a jet assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 15  is a perspective cross-section view of the jet assembly of  FIG. 14 ; 
         FIG. 16  is an elevational cross-section view of the jet assembly of  FIG. 14 ; 
         FIG. 17  is a perspective view of a jet assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 18  is a perspective cross-section view of the jet assembly of  FIG. 17 ; 
         FIG. 19  is an elevational cross-section view of the jet assembly of  FIG. 17 ; 
         FIG. 20  is a perspective view of a jet assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 21  is a perspective cross-section view of the jet assembly of  FIG. 20 ; 
         FIG. 22  is an elevational cross-section view of the jet assembly of  FIG. 20 ; 
         FIG. 23  is a perspective view of a jet assembly according to another embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 24  is an elevational cross-section view of the jet assembly of  FIG. 23 ; 
         FIG. 25  is a perspective cross-section view of a jet assembly according to another embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 26  is an elevational cross-section view of the jet assembly of  FIG. 25 ; 
         FIG. 27  is a perspective cross-section view of a jet assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 28  is an elevational cross-section view of the jet assembly of  FIG. 27 ; 
         FIG. 29  is a perspective view of a jet assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 30  is an elevational cross-section view of the jet assembly of  FIG. 29 ; 
         FIG. 31  is a perspective partial cross-section view of a jet assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 32  is an exploded perspective view of a piston the jet assembly of  FIG. 31 ; 
         FIG. 33  is an elevational cross-section view of the jet assembly of  FIG. 31 ; 
         FIG. 34  is a perspective cross-section view of a jet assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 35  is an elevational cross-section view of the jet assembly of  FIG. 34 ; 
         FIG. 36  is a perspective view of a jet assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 37  is an elevational cross-section view of the jet assembly of  FIG. 36 ; 
         FIG. 38  is a perspective view of a jet assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 39  is an elevational cross-section view of the jet assembly of  FIG. 38 ; 
         FIG. 40  is a perspective view of a jet assembly according to yet another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 41  is an exploded perspective view of the jet assembly shown in  FIG. 40 ; 
         FIG. 42  is a longitudinal cross section view of the jet assembly shown in  FIG. 40 ; 
         FIG. 43  is a top view of a housing of the jet assembly shown in  FIG. 40 ; 
         FIG. 44  is a top view of an exciter frame of the jet assembly shown in  FIG. 40 ; 
         FIG. 45  is a perspective view of a jet assembly according to another embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 46  is a longitudinal cross section view of the jet assembly of  FIG. 45 ; 
         FIG. 47  is an exploded perspective view of a cam and follower drive arrangement of the jet assembly of  FIG. 45 ; and 
         FIG. 48  is a partially exploded perspective view of a piston of the jet assembly of  FIG. 45 . 
     
    
    
     Before describing any preferred, exemplary, and/or alternative embodiments of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the details of construction and the arrangement of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments or being practiced or carried out in various ways. It is also to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     It is appreciated that, while the disclosed embodiments are illustrated as a jet apparatus designed for bathtubs, spas, whirlpools, hot tubs and the like, the present invention discloses and includes features that have a much wider applicability. For instance, it is appreciated that the present invention is usable with various tub, pool, and/or spa designs which can be adapted for various uses such as hand spas, other body parts, entire bodies, one or multiple persons, etc. Further, the size and relative orientation of the various components and the size of the apparatus can be widely varied. It is further appreciated that the various jet assemblies disclosed herein can be usable in other applications such as fluid mixing or agitation systems. 
     It is further appreciated that the particular materials used to construct the exemplary embodiments are also illustrative. Components of the device, assembly, or apparatus can be manufactured from thermoplastic resins such as injection molded high density polyethylene, polypropylene, other polyethylenes, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (“ABS”), polyurethane, nylon, any of a variety of homopolymer plastics, copolymer plastics, plastics with special additives, filled plastics, etc. Also, various molding operations may be used to form these components, such as blow molding, injection or cast molding, rotational molding, etc. In addition, various components of the jet assembly and/or spa apparatus can be manufactured from stamped alloy materials such as steel or aluminum, or other metallic materials. 
     Proceeding now to descriptions of the preferred and exemplary embodiments,  FIGS. 1-5  show various views of a water jet device or assembly  10  and a basin, hot tub, bath tub, or spa equipped with multiple water jet assemblies according to one embodiment of the present invention. Although usable in a plurality of environments as alluded to above, jet assembly  10  is configured for use in fluid environments such as basins, pools, whirlpools, hot tubs, bathtubs, spas, and the like, as described further below and as shown in  FIG. 5 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1-4 , jet assembly  10  includes a faceplate  12  that is constructed to cooperate with a housing or base  14 . Faceplate  12  defines an outlet  13  and a plurality of inlets  15  associated with generating a toroidal shaped water jet stream as disclosed further below. A diaphragm  16  is disposed between faceplate  12  and base  14 . A seal  18  extends about a circumference of diaphragm  16  and is disposed between faceplate  12  and base  14 . A flap assembly or arrangement  20  is disposed between base  14  and diaphragm  16 . Faceplate  12  and base  14  cooperate with one another to define a chamber  22  that is shaped to accommodate motion of diaphragm  16  as disclosed further below. One lateral side of diaphragm  16  is exposed to the working fluid associated with jet assembly  10  whereas the opposite side of diaphragm  16  is fluidly isolated from the working fluid via a circumferential sealed cooperation between diaphragm  16 , faceplate  12 , and base  14 . 
     Jet assembly  10  includes an exciter  24  whose operation manipulates the position of diaphragm  16  relative to faceplate  12 . Exciter  24  imparts motion to or oscillates diaphragm  16  to facilitate the generation of the water jet stream. Exciter  24  can be provided in any number of forms such as a solenoid, a piston pump, a linear actuator, a rotational actuator, a speaker coil, etc. It is further appreciated that each respective exciter  24  can be physically connected to a corresponding diaphragm  16  to effectuate the desired movement of the diaphragm or positionally associated therewith such that a vacuum or other pressure signal can be utilized to effectuate motion of diaphragm  26  in response to operation of the respective exciter  24 . 
     Jet assembly  10  pumps a very small amount of fluid that travels through the medium, in this case water, as if it was a large pulse of energy, a “wave” if you will. This effect is known in scientific communities as the toroidal soliton effect and was first characterized in mathematics and physics. A soliton is a self-reinforcing solitary wave (a wave packet or pulse) that maintains its shape while it travels at constant speed. Solitons are caused by a cancellation of nonlinear and dispersive effects in the medium. Dispersive effects refer to dispersion relations between the frequency and the speed of the waves. The soliton phenomenon was first described by John Scott Russell (1808-1882) who observed a solitary wave in the Union Canal in Scotland. Russell reproduced the phenomenon in a wave tank and named it the “Wave of Translation”. 
     In fluid dynamics such waves are commonly referred to as Scott Russell solitary wave or solitons. Such waves are stable, and can travel over very large distances thereby providing a unique advantage in whirlpools, pools, bathtubs, etc. The term “toroidal” or torus refers to the three dimension doughnut shape of the soliton wave as it moves in a generally outward linear direction away from the origin of the soliton wave form or a direction generally aligned with an axis normal to an imaginary plane defined by the faceplate. It is appreciated that the soliton wave form can be provided as any of a ring torus, horn torus, or spindle torus, or other poly sided toroidal shapes for example, by manipulation of shape, size, and construction of the faceplate and/or inlets and outlets associated therewith, and/or via manipulation of the rate and/or amplitude associated with operation of exciter  24  and the diaphragm  16  associated therewith. Regardless of the shape, jet assembly  10  generates a soliton wave that travels in a generally outward direction, indicated by arrows  54  ( FIG. 5 ) normal to the plane associated with faceplate  12  to generate the massaging effect associated with operation of each discrete jet assembly  10 . 
     These and other advantages and features of the present invention are accomplished (individually, collectively, or in various subcombinations) as described below. In one embodiment of the invention, a basin  28  shaped to retain a fluid includes one or more holes or openings shaped to provide for the attachment of multiple discrete water jet assemblies  10 —as shown schematically in  FIG. 5 . 
     In its simplest form, the exciter  24  associated with each water jet assembly  10  is provided as a piston pump or linear actuator that is configured to control operation of diaphragm  16  relative to a respective faceplate  12  that defines an orificed outlet. To produce the soliton effect, the volume of water displaced by operation of the piston in a unit of time is sized to work in concert with the diameter of the orifice. If the velocity of the water exiting the orifice is too low, the flow will not separate and “roll” into a donut like or toroid shape soliton. When the flow through the orifice is properly configured, a rolling donut of energy forms and that rolling donut soliton wave can travel for long distances without losing the energy in the wave. In this way each water jet assembly  10  can provide for a pleasing pulse of massage with minimal energy input. 
     Operation of the piston is tuned to provide a dwell or delay between generation of successive soliton waves after expelling the previous pulse of water such that the retraction associated with operation of the piston does not “suck” the toroidal flow backward and destroy some, and in some cases all, of the energy associated with the respective soliton wave. The inlets  15  and outlet  13  are shaped to mitigate interference between the incoming and outgoing fluid flows. Accordingly, the piston associated with operation of exciter  24  is allowed to dwell at the top of the travel path thereby allowing each discrete soliton wave  30  to move away from the orifice associated with outlet  13 . In addition, the inlets  15  allow for additional flow into the chamber  22  in conjunction with the outlet  13 , which increases the efficiency of the jet assembly  10  by reducing the necessary intake energy. The flap arrangement  20  is configured to block the inlets  15  and force the fluid completely through the outlet  13  when fluid is flowing out of the chamber  22  during each outlet or discharge stroke associated with the cyclic operation of jet assembly  10 . 
     Additionally, retraction of a piston associated with the respective exciter  24  pulls a new pulse of water from the bathing environment into the pumping cavity via retraction of diaphragm  16  relative to inlets  15 . Inlets  15  are dispersed circumferentially about faceplate  12  and radially outboard of outlet  13  to mitigate undesirable sucking of anything other than water into each water jet assembly  10  and degradation of the discrete soliton waves attributable to the incoming water stream. Check valves or flap assembly or arrangement  20  mitigate the ability of water to exit the pumping cavity or area immediately behind faceplate  12  and adjacent diaphragm  16  except through outlets  13 . That is, flap arrangement  20  and diaphragm  16  cooperate with one another such that a fluid path associated with inlets  15  is interrupted prior to interruption of outlet  13  during translation of diaphragm  16  toward an inward facing surface  40  of faceplate  12 . 
     Conversely, during intake operation, flap arrangement  20  and diaphragm  16  cooperate with the interior facing surface of faceplate  12  such that obstruction of the fluid path associated with inlets  15  is opened prior to diaphragm  16  achieving a spaced relationship relative to outlet  13 . Such a consideration achieves the desired common fluid flow direction through each jet assembly  10  during operation of the discrete jet assemblies  10 . When not operating, diaphragm  16  cooperates with the inward facing surface  40  of faceplate  12  such that diaphragm  16  occupies the void or flow path associated with the water flow path between inlets  15  and outlet  13  associated with the jet pumping operation. Such a construction mitigates the retention of environment water within the workings of jet assemblies  10  when the jet assemblies are not operated. Preferably, one or more of at least the working fluid exposed surfaces of faceplate  12 , diaphragm  16 , and/or base are coated with a silver layer or other suitable antibacterial material or coating to further mitigate existence or propagation of bacteria growth. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 3-5 , it is envisioned that basin  28  can include a plurality of jet assemblies  10 . Although shown as a tub or spa, it is further appreciated that basin  28  can be provided in a variety of shapes and configured to accommodate an entire body or just portions thereof. It is further appreciated that each jet assembly  10  can be constructed to cooperate with basin  28  in a sealed manner. As shown in  FIG. 2B , a wall  27  of basin  28  includes one or more openings configured to slideably receive a respective water jet assembly  10 . A nut  32  or other securing arrangement rotationally cooperates with an external surface  34  of housing or base  14  of each jet assembly  10  such that each jet assembly can be secured to basin  28  in a sealed manner. It is appreciated that nut  32  could be provided to cooperate with a structure of water jet assembly  10  that is internal or external to basin  28 . It is further appreciated that basin  28  could include a threaded or other interference interface about the perimeter of each opening configured to receive a respective water jet assembly  10  in a sealed manner. It is further appreciated that the sealed interaction between each jet assembly  10  and basin  28  can be provided at an interface between base  14  and faceplate  12  or other structure associated with each discrete jet assembly  10  and basin  28 . It is further appreciated that extraneous securing structures, such as nut  32 , can be configured to cooperate with the respective jet assemblies  10  from directions internal to the basin or external thereto. 
     Regardless of the specific mounting arrangement, each jet assembly  10  is connected to a control system  48  configured to control operation of the discrete exciters  24  and the jet assembly  10  associated therewith. Although each jet assembly  10  is fluidly isolated from the other jet assemblies, aside from being exposed to the working fluid associated with basin  28 , each jet assembly  10  is connected to control system  48  by one or more elongated connectors  50 ,  52 , such as wires or pneumatic tubing, to communicate the desired operating instructions to the discrete jet assemblies  10  to achieve a desired output or massage action associated with operation of the respective jet assemblies  10 . 
     Control system  48  preferably includes a display  56  and one or more inputs  58 ,  60 ,  62 ,  64 ,  66 ,  68  configured to allow a user  70  to generate a desired output or massage affect associated with utilization of basin  28 . Preferably control system  48  allows a limited degree of adjustability associated with the amplitude and/or frequency associated with the generation of the discrete soliton waves  30  during utilization of basin  28 . It is appreciated that control system  48  can also be configured to allow the operation of only selected or desired jet assemblies  10  to satisfy different user preferences. When provided in such a methodology, it is further appreciated that the respective jet assemblies designated as preferably providing no massage effect, default to an “OFF” condition wherein the diaphragm obstructs both the outlet  13  and inlets  15  associated with a discrete jet assembly thereby isolating the internal workings of the same from the operating environment, or be allowed to operate at a frequency and/or an amplitude wherein the discrete jet assembly  10  does not generate a soliton wave  30  having an amplitude perceptible by a user  70 . It should be appreciated that the operation of each discrete jet assembly  10  can be adjusted to manipulate the amplitude and or frequency of the soliton wave  30  such that the wave collapses before impinging on user  70  of basin  28 . Such a consideration allows basin  28  to provide various preferred massaging effects to satisfy preferences specific to different users of basin  28 . 
     It should be appreciated that exciter  24  associated with jet assemblies  10  can be provided in a variety of forms configured to generate the oscillated operation of diaphragm  26 . It should be appreciated, from the generally elongated shape, that exciter  24  shown in  FIG. 1  is commonly referred to as a linear actuator that includes a driven element that translates in a direction generally aligned with the elongated shape of the exciter. Understandably, it may periodically be desired, or even necessary, to provide the desired operation of diaphragm  16  in a more compact of alternate configuration to accommodate use of soliton water jet assemblies under various spatial constraints.  FIGS. 6-9  show various views of some such exemplary exciter configurations. 
       FIGS. 6 and 7  shown a first exciter drive arrangement  100  according to an alternate embodiment of the present invention. Drive arrangement  100  includes a drive element  102  and a driven element  104 . Drive element  102  is configured to be driven in a rotational direction, indicated by arrow  106 , relative to driven element  104  and a base or housing element  108 . An outward radial surface  110  of drive element  102  includes a chase for groove  112  that extends circumferentially about outward radial surface  110  of drive element  102 . A post  114  extends from a radially inward facing surface  116  of driven element  104  and slideably cooperates with groove  112  defined by drive element  102 . 
     An outward radial surface  118  of driven element  104  includes one or more ribs  120 , that slideably cooperate with a respective groove  122  associated with a radially inward facing surface  124  of housing  108 . The slideable cooperation of ribs  120  and grooves  122  facilitates an axially slideable association between driven element  104  and drive element  102  and housing  108 . Groove  112  associated with drive element  102  translates in an axial direction, indicated by arrow  128 , along the circumference of the exterior surface  110  of drive element  102 . During rotation  106  of drive element  102 , the slideable cooperation between post  114  and groove  112  effectuate axial translation  128  of driven element  104  relative to drive element  102  and housing  108  thereby generating linear axial oscillation of driven element  104  in response to rotation  106  of drive element  102 . The linear axial translation  128  of driven element  104  relative to housing  108  and drive element  102  generates the desired oscillation of diaphragm  116 , so as to facilitate sequential generation of multiple soliton waves  30  in response to a rotational input signal associated with rotation  106  of drive element  102 . 
       FIGS. 8 and 9  show alternate exciter drive arrangements,  150 ,  200  according to yet other embodiments of the present invention. Each drive arrangement  150 ,  200  includes a drive element  152 ,  202  that is driven in a rotational direction, indicated by arrows  154 ,  204 , respectively, and operatively associated with a driven element  156 ,  206 . Each drive element  152 ,  202  includes a post  158 ,  208  that slideably cooperates with a groove or channel  160 ,  210  associated with the respective driven element  156 ,  206 . Each channel  160 ,  210  is contoured to generate a linear axial translation, indicated by arrows  162 ,  212  of the respective driven element  156 ,  206  in response to rotation  154 ,  204  of the respective drive element  152 ,  202 . Respective posts  158 ,  208  are offset in a radial direction relative to the respective axis of rotation,  166 ,  216  of the respective drive element  152 ,  202 , such that the slideable cooperation between posts  158 ,  208  with respective channels,  160 ,  210  effectuate the sequential axial translation,  162 ,  212  of the respective driven element  156 ,  206  and generate the desired oscillation of diaphragm  16  to facilitate sequential generation of solid time waves  30 . 
     As compared to the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 6 and 7 , wherein the axis of rotation associated with drive element  102  is generally aligned with the longitudinal displacement axis  128 , it should be appreciated that rotational axes  166 ,  216  associated with the embodiments shown in  FIGS. 8 and 9  are oriented in a crossing direction relative to the axis associated with the longitudinal displacement axis  162 ,  212 , respectively, of the driven element. Such a consideration accommodates those configurations wherein close spatial restrictions reduce the ability to utilize generally elongated exciter orientations, such as that shown in  FIG. 2 . It is further appreciated that the various embodiments shown in  FIGS. 6-9 , are merely exemplary of various exciter drive arrangements envisioned to be utilized in the generation of soliton waves  30 . It should be further appreciated that the general orientation, shape, and construction of posts  158 ,  208  and channels,  160 ,  210  are merely exemplary and that other configurations, even reverse configurations of the post and channel relative to the drive and driven elements, are envisioned for converting the rotational input associated with operation of respective drive elements  152 ,  202 , to generate the longitudinal axial displacement,  162 ,  212  associated with respective driven elements  156 ,  206 . 
     The table below includes the data associated with sequentially generating a plurality of soliton waves  30  according to any of the embodiments described above. The data in each successive right hand column follows the data in the immediately preceding left hand column.  FIG. 10  is a graphical representation of the data presented below. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Time (Sec) 
                 Position (in  
                 Veloc (in/s)  
                 Accel (g&#39;s) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 0.000 
                 0.478 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 0.001 
                 0.478 
                 0.833 
                 2.156 
               
               
                   
                 0.002 
                 0.481 
                 2.504 
                 4.323 
               
               
                   
                 0.003 
                 0.485 
                 4.182 
                 4.343 
               
               
                   
                 0.004 
                 0.491 
                 5.870 
                 4.370 
               
               
                   
                 0.005 
                 0.498 
                 7.584 
                 4.435 
               
               
                   
                 0.006 
                 0.508 
                 9.329 
                 4.515 
               
               
                   
                 0.007 
                 0.519 
                 11.100 
                 4.585 
               
               
                   
                 0.008 
                 0.532 
                 12.909 
                 4.680 
               
               
                   
                 0.009 
                 0.547 
                 14.773 
                 4.824 
               
               
                   
                 0.010 
                 0.563 
                 16.692 
                 4.968 
               
               
                   
                 0.011 
                 0.582 
                 18.675 
                 5.132 
               
               
                   
                 0.012 
                 0.603 
                 20.754 
                 5.378 
               
               
                   
                 0.013 
                 0.626 
                 22.937 
                 5.650 
               
               
                   
                 0.014 
                 0.651 
                 25.226 
                 5.923 
               
               
                   
                 0.015 
                 0.678 
                 27.615 
                 6.184 
               
               
                   
                 0.016 
                 0.709 
                 30.158 
                 6.575 
               
               
                   
                 0.017 
                 0.742 
                 32.923 
                 7.161 
               
               
                   
                 0.018 
                 0.777 
                 35.915 
                 7.743 
               
               
                   
                 0.019 
                 0.817 
                 39.172 
                 8.430 
               
               
                   
                 0.020 
                 0.859 
                 42.823 
                 9.448 
               
               
                   
                 0.021 
                 0.906 
                 46.853 
                 10.430 
               
               
                   
                 0.022 
                 0.958 
                 51.370 
                 11.691 
               
               
                   
                 0.023 
                 1.014 
                 56.712 
                 13.825 
               
               
                   
                 0.024 
                 1.077 
                 63.096 
                 16.520 
               
               
                   
                 0.025 
                 1.139 
                 61.495 
                 −4.142 
               
               
                   
                 0.026 
                 1.192 
                 52.658 
                 −22.870 
               
               
                   
                 0.027 
                 1.237 
                 45.740 
                 −17.904 
               
               
                   
                 0.028 
                 1.278 
                 40.129 
                 −14.521 
               
               
                   
                 0.029 
                 1.313 
                 35.258 
                 −12.620 
               
               
                   
                 0.030 
                 1.344 
                 30.867 
                 −11.349 
               
               
                   
                 0.031 
                 1.371 
                 26.928 
                 −10.196 
               
               
                   
                 0.032 
                 1.394 
                 23.439 
                 −9.028 
               
               
                   
                 0.033 
                 1.414 
                 20.234 
                 −8.296 
               
               
                   
                 0.034 
                 1.431 
                 17.200 
                 −7.851 
               
               
                   
                 0.035 
                 1.446 
                 14.301 
                 −7.502 
               
               
                   
                 0.036 
                 1.457 
                 11.537 
                 −7.153 
               
               
                   
                 0.037 
                 1.466 
                 8.907 
                 −6.808 
               
               
                   
                 0.038 
                 1.473 
                 6.324 
                 −6.683 
               
               
                   
                 0.039 
                 1.476 
                 3.754 
                 −6.652 
               
               
                   
                 0.040 
                 1.478 
                 1.234 
                 −6.522 
               
               
                   
                 0.041 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 −3.193 
               
               
                   
                 0.042 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.043 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.044 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.045 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.046 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.047 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.048 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.049 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.050 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.051 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.052 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.053 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.054 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.055 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.056 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.057 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.058 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.059 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.060 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.061 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.062 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.063 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.064 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.065 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.066 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.067 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.068 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.069 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.070 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.071 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.072 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.073 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.074 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.075 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.076 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.077 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.078 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.079 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.080 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.081 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.082 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.083 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.084 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.085 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.086 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.087 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.088 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.089 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.090 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.091 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.092 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.093 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.094 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.095 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.096 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.097 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.098 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.099 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.100 
                 1.478 
                 0.000 
                 0.000 
               
               
                   
                 0.101 
                 1.476 
                 −1.246 
                 −3.225 
               
               
                   
                 0.102 
                 1.472 
                 −3.762 
                 −6.511 
               
               
                   
                 0.103 
                 1.466 
                 −6.308 
                 −6.590 
               
               
                   
                 0.104 
                 1.457 
                 −8.893 
                 −6.688 
               
               
                   
                 0.105 
                 1.446 
                 −11.546 
                 −6.867 
               
               
                   
                 0.106 
                 1.431 
                 −14.300 
                 −7.126 
               
               
                   
                 0.107 
                 1.414 
                 −17.192 
                 −7.485 
               
               
                   
                 0.108 
                 1.394 
                 −20.074 
                 −7.459 
               
               
                   
                 0.109 
                 1.374 
                 −20.620 
                 −1.414 
               
               
                   
                 0.110 
                 1.353 
                 −20.358 
                 0.680 
               
               
                   
                 0.111 
                 1.333 
                 −20.096 
                 0.678 
               
               
                   
                 0.112 
                 1.313 
                 −19.835 
                 0.676 
               
               
                   
                 0.113 
                 1.294 
                 −19.574 
                 0.674 
               
               
                   
                 0.114 
                 1.274 
                 −19.316 
                 0.668 
               
               
                   
                 0.115 
                 1.255 
                 −19.062 
                 0.658 
               
               
                   
                 0.116 
                 1.237 
                 −18.810 
                 0.652 
               
               
                   
                 0.117 
                 1.218 
                 −18.559 
                 0.648 
               
               
                   
                 0.118 
                 1.200 
                 −18.308 
                 0.649 
               
               
                   
                 0.119 
                 1.182 
                 −18.056 
                 0.653 
               
               
                   
                 0.120 
                 1.164 
                 −17.803 
                 0.655 
               
               
                   
                 0.121 
                 1.146 
                 −17.550 
                 0.654 
               
               
                   
                 0.122 
                 1.129 
                 −17.300 
                 0.649 
               
               
                   
                 0.123 
                 1.112 
                 −17.053 
                 0.639 
               
               
                   
                 0.124 
                 1.095 
                 −16.811 
                 0.627 
               
               
                   
                 0.125 
                 1.078 
                 −16.571 
                 0.619 
               
               
                   
                 0.126 
                 1.062 
                 −16.333 
                 0.617 
               
               
                   
                 0.127 
                 1.046 
                 −16.093 
                 0.620 
               
               
                   
                 0.128 
                 1.030 
                 −15.851 
                 0.628 
               
               
                   
                 0.129 
                 1.015 
                 −15.607 
                 0.632 
               
               
                   
                 0.130 
                 0.999 
                 −15.363 
                 0.632 
               
               
                   
                 0.131 
                 0.984 
                 −15.121 
                 0.626 
               
               
                   
                 0.132 
                 0.969 
                 −14.883 
                 0.617 
               
               
                   
                 0.133 
                 0.955 
                 −14.649 
                 0.605 
               
               
                   
                 0.134 
                 0.940 
                 −14.418 
                 0.597 
               
               
                   
                 0.135 
                 0.926 
                 −14.188 
                 0.594 
               
               
                   
                 0.136 
                 0.912 
                 −13.958 
                 0.597 
               
               
                   
                 0.137 
                 0.898 
                 −13.724 
                 0.605 
               
               
                   
                 0.138 
                 0.885 
                 −13.489 
                 0.608 
               
               
                   
                 0.139 
                 0.872 
                 −13.254 
                 0.608 
               
               
                   
                 0.140 
                 0.859 
                 −13.021 
                 0.604 
               
               
                   
                 0.141 
                 0.846 
                 −12.790 
                 0.596 
               
               
                   
                 0.142 
                 0.833 
                 −12.563 
                 0.588 
               
               
                   
                 0.143 
                 0.821 
                 −12.338 
                 0.583 
               
               
                   
                 0.144 
                 0.809 
                 −12.113 
                 0.582 
               
               
                   
                 0.145 
                 0.797 
                 −11.888 
                 0.583 
               
               
                   
                 0.146 
                 0.785 
                 −11.661 
                 0.587 
               
               
                   
                 0.147 
                 0.774 
                 −11.434 
                 0.587 
               
               
                   
                 0.148 
                 0.763 
                 −11.208 
                 0.584 
               
               
                   
                 0.149 
                 0.752 
                 −10.984 
                 0.581 
               
               
                   
                 0.150 
                 0.741 
                 −10.761 
                 0.577 
               
               
                   
                 0.151 
                 0.730 
                 −10.539 
                 0.574 
               
               
                   
                 0.152 
                 0.720 
                 −10.318 
                 0.574 
               
               
                   
                 0.153 
                 0.710 
                 −10.096 
                 0.574 
               
               
                   
                 0.154 
                 0.700 
                 −9.874 
                 0.573 
               
               
                   
                 0.155 
                 0.690 
                 −9.653 
                 0.573 
               
               
                   
                 0.156 
                 0.681 
                 −9.433 
                 0.570 
               
               
                   
                 0.157 
                 0.672 
                 −9.214 
                 0.565 
               
               
                   
                 0.158 
                 0.663 
                 −8.997 
                 0.562 
               
               
                   
                 0.159 
                 0.654 
                 −8.780 
                 0.561 
               
               
                   
                 0.160 
                 0.645 
                 −8.563 
                 0.562 
               
               
                   
                 0.161 
                 0.637 
                 −8.345 
                 0.565 
               
               
                   
                 0.162 
                 0.629 
                 −8.126 
                 0.566 
               
               
                   
                 0.163 
                 0.621 
                 −7.908 
                 0.566 
               
               
                   
                 0.164 
                 0.613 
                 −7.690 
                 0.563 
               
               
                   
                 0.165 
                 0.606 
                 −7.475 
                 0.558 
               
               
                   
                 0.166 
                 0.599 
                 −7.261 
                 0.551 
               
               
                   
                 0.167 
                 0.591 
                 −7.050 
                 0.548 
               
               
                   
                 0.168 
                 0.585 
                 −6.838 
                 0.549 
               
               
                   
                 0.169 
                 0.578 
                 −6.624 
                 0.552 
               
               
                   
                 0.170 
                 0.572 
                 −6.409 
                 0.557 
               
               
                   
                 0.171 
                 0.565 
                 −6.193 
                 0.559 
               
               
                   
                 0.172 
                 0.559 
                 −5.977 
                 0.559 
               
               
                   
                 0.173 
                 0.554 
                 −5.763 
                 0.555 
               
               
                   
                 0.174 
                 0.548 
                 −5.551 
                 0.549 
               
               
                   
                 0.175 
                 0.543 
                 −5.341 
                 0.543 
               
               
                   
                 0.176 
                 0.538 
                 −5.132 
                 0.540 
               
               
                   
                 0.177 
                 0.533 
                 −4.923 
                 0.541 
               
               
                   
                 0.178 
                 0.528 
                 −4.713 
                 0.545 
               
               
                   
                 0.179 
                 0.524 
                 −4.500 
                 0.550 
               
               
                   
                 0.180 
                 0.519 
                 −4.287 
                 0.552 
               
               
                   
                 0.181 
                 0.515 
                 −4.074 
                 0.552 
               
               
                   
                 0.182 
                 0.511 
                 −3.852 
                 0.548 
               
               
                   
                 0.183 
                 0.508 
                 −3.652 
                 0.543 
               
               
                   
                 0.184 
                 0.504 
                 −3.444 
                 0.538 
               
               
                   
                 0.185 
                 0.501 
                 −3.237 
                 0.536 
               
               
                   
                 0.186 
                 0.498 
                 −3.029 
                 0.537 
               
               
                   
                 0.187 
                 0.495 
                 −2.820 
                 0.541 
               
               
                   
                 0.188 
                 0.493 
                 −2.610 
                 0.545 
               
               
                   
                 0.189 
                 0.490 
                 −2.399 
                 0.546 
               
               
                   
                 0.190 
                 0.488 
                 −2.188 
                 0.545 
               
               
                   
                 0.191 
                 0.486 
                 −1.978 
                 0.543 
               
               
                   
                 0.192 
                 0.484 
                 −1.770 
                 0.539 
               
               
                   
                 0.193 
                 0.483 
                 −1.563 
                 0.537 
               
               
                   
                 0.194 
                 0.481 
                 −1.355 
                 0.537 
               
               
                   
                 0.195 
                 0.480 
                 −1.147 
                 0.538 
               
               
                   
                 0.196 
                 0.479 
                 −0.939 
                 0.540 
               
               
                   
                 0.197 
                 0.478 
                 −0.730 
                 0.541 
               
               
                   
                 0.198 
                 0.478 
                 −0.521 
                 0.541 
               
               
                   
                 0.199 
                 0.478 
                 −0.312 
                 0.540 
               
               
                   
                 0.200 
                 0.478 
                 −0.104 
                 0.539 
               
               
                   
                 0.201 
                 0.478 
                 0.833 
                 2.425 
               
               
                   
                 0.202 
                 0.481 
                 2.504 
                 4.323 
               
               
                   
                 0.202 
                 0.485 
                 4.182 
                 4.343 
               
               
                   
                 0.204 
                 0.491 
                 5.870 
                 4.370 
               
               
                   
                 0.205 
                 0.498 
                 7.584 
                 4.435 
               
               
                   
                 0.206 
                 0.508 
                 9.329 
                 4.515 
               
               
                   
                 0.207 
                 0.519 
                 11.100 
                 4.585 
               
               
                   
                 0.208 
                 0.532 
                 12.909 
                 4.680 
               
               
                   
                 0.209 
                 0.547 
                 14.773 
                 4.624 
               
               
                   
                 0.210 
                 0.563 
                 16.692 
                 4.968 
               
               
                   
                 0.211 
                 0.582 
                 18.675 
                 5.132 
               
               
                   
                 0.212 
                 0.603 
                 20.754 
                 5.378 
               
               
                   
                 0.213 
                 0.626 
                 22.937 
                 5.650 
               
               
                   
                 0.214 
                 0.651 
                 25.226 
                 5.923 
               
               
                   
                 0.215 
                 0.678 
                 27.615 
                 6.184 
               
               
                   
                 0.216 
                 0.709 
                 30.156 
                 5.575 
               
               
                   
                 0.217 
                 0.742 
                 32.923 
                 7.161 
               
               
                   
                 0.218 
                 0.777 
                 35.915 
                 7.743 
               
               
                   
                 0.219 
                 0.817 
                 39.172 
                 8.430 
               
               
                   
                 0.220 
                 0.859 
                 42.823 
                 9.448 
               
               
                   
                 0.221 
                 0.906 
                 46.853 
                 10.430 
               
               
                   
                 0.222 
                 0.958 
                 51.370 
                 11.691 
               
               
                   
                 0.223 
                 1.014 
                 56.712 
                 13.825 
               
               
                   
                 0.224 
                 1.077 
                 63.096 
                 16.520 
               
               
                   
                 0.225 
                 1.139 
                 61.495 
                 −4.142 
               
               
                   
                 0.226 
                 1.192 
                 52.658 
                 −25.870 
               
               
                   
                 0.227 
                 1.237 
                 45.740 
                 −17.904 
               
               
                   
                 0.228 
                 1.278 
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                 −14.521 
               
               
                   
                 0.229 
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                 35.253 
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                 0.230 
                 1.344 
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                 −11.349 
               
               
                   
                 0.231 
                 1.371 
                 26.928 
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                 0.232 
                 1.394 
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                 −9.028 
               
               
                   
                 0.233 
                 1.414 
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                 −8.296 
               
               
                   
                 0.234 
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                 17.200 
                 −7.851 
               
               
                   
                 0.235 
                 1.446 
                 14.301 
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                 1.457 
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                 −7.153 
               
               
                   
                 0.237 
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                 8.907 
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                 0.238 
                 1.473 
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                 −6.683 
               
               
                   
                 0.239 
                 1.476 
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                 −6.652 
               
               
                   
                 0.240 
                 1.478 
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                 1.478 
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                 1.478 
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                 0.243 
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                 0.255 
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     Referring to  FIG. 10 , a soliton wave  30  associated with the maximum acceleration and velocity data, is generated for each rotation or axial translation of the exciter drive arrangement associated with any of the above embodiments described above. As shown therein, a delay or dwell event  300  is provided immediately after generation of each soliton wave to mitigate detraction from the energy associated with each wave caused by subsequent oscillation of the diaphragm  16  necessary for generation of subsequent soliton waves. It should be appreciated that the physical arrangement and cooperation between the respective elements of any of the exciter drive arrangements described above can be manipulated so as to manipulate the amplitude associated with each soliton wave and the timing associated with subsequent wave generation. Such considerations allow each exciter drive arrangement to be configured to generate a soliton wave having a desired magnitude and sequencing. 
       FIGS. 12-39  depict various jet assemblies according to alternate respective embodiments of the invention.  FIGS. 11-13  are various views of a jet assembly  400  according to first alternate embodiment of the present invention. Jet assembly  400  includes a faceplate  402  that is constructed to cooperate with a housing or base  404 . The faceplate  402  includes at least one opening  406  formed therein, which assists in generating a toroidal shaped water jet stream as discussed in further detail below. In the representative embodiment of the invention, the faceplate  402  includes a disc  402   a  and a retainer  402   b . The previously discussed, at least one opening  406  of the faceplate  402  is formed in the disc  402   a  of the faceplate  402 . The disc  402   a  is placed in contact with a first end  426  of the housing  404 . The retainer  402   b  secures the disc  402   a  to the first end  426  of the housing  404 . As shown in  FIG. 13 , the retainer  402   b  is threadably coupled to the first end  426  of the housing  404 . In other embodiments of the invention, the retainer  402   b  may be coupled to the housing  404  by alternative methods. 
     The housing  404  includes a chamber  412  formed therein to allow movement of a mover  408  within the chamber  412 . In the representative embodiment of the invention, the mover  408  of  FIGS. 11-13  includes a diaphragm  408   a  and a piston  408   b . The jet assembly  400  further includes an exciter  410  whose operation manipulates the diaphragm  408   a  and the piston  408   b  to generate a water jet stream. 
     In the representative embodiment of the invention, the exciter  410  is in the form of a rotational actuator oriented generally perpendicular to the axis of motion of the bellows  408   a  and piston  408   b , which move in concert with each other along the same axis of motion. In particular, the rotational motion of the exciter  410  causes the piston head  408   b  to move from a first position to a second position along the axis of motion. In turn, the movement of the piston  408   b  from the first position to the second position causes the diaphragm  408   a  to contract and expand, respectively. This described below in further detail. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 12 and 13 , the diaphragm  408   a  may be in the form of a bellows having collapsible sides. A first end  414  of the bellows  408   a  is in contact with an inner surface  416  of the faceplate  402 . In the representative embodiment of the invention, a rim  428  at the first end  414  of the bellows  408   a  is secured between the disc  402   a  of the faceplate  402  and the first end  426  of the housing  404 . A second end  418  of the bellows  408   a  is coupled to a first end  420  of the piston  408   b . While  FIG. 13  depicts the bellows  408   a  extending from the inner surface  416  of the faceplate  402  to the piston head  408   b , it is contemplated that a first end  414  of the bellows may be extend to a location adjacent or spaced apart from the faceplate  402 . Movement of the first end  420  of the piston  408   b  is directly translated to movement of the second end  416  of the bellows  408   a.    
     In the representative embodiment of the invention, the second end  416  of the bellows  408   a  is magnetically coupled to the first end  420  of the piston  408   b . As shown in  FIG. 13 , a magnet  422  is disposed in the first end  420  of the piston head  408   b . In addition, a plate  424  is disposed in the second end  416  of the bellows  408   a . The plate  424  may be steel or any other ferromagnetic metal. However, it is contemplated that the bellows  408   a  and piston  408   b  may be coupled together via alternative methods in other embodiments of the invention. 
     As described above, movement of the exciter  410  is translated to movement of the piston head  408   b  and the bellows  408   a . The cross-sectional views of  FIGS. 12 and 13  further illustrates the transfer of motion between the exciter  410  and the piston  408   b . As stated above, the exciter  410  exhibits rotational motion. That is, a shaft  410   a  of the exciter  410  rotates one of clockwise or counterclockwise. In the representative embodiment of the invention, rotation of the shaft  410   a  is powered by a motor  410   b . Motor  410   b  can be any of a pneumatic or electric motor wherein introduction of the respective input signal effectuates rotation of the shaft  410   a  associated with motor  410   b . A cam  410   c  is disposed at a distal end  411  of the shaft  410   a . The cam  410   c  includes at least one orifice  410   d  formed therein and configured to receive a connecting pin  428 . In turn, the connecting pin  428  connects the cam  410   c  to a linkage  408   c  of the mover  408 , such as a slide crank. As a result, rotation of the cam  410   c  results in corresponding movement of the slide crank  408   c  by way of the connecting pin  428 . In turn, movement of the slide crank  408   c  causes the piston  408   b  to move between the above discussed first position and second position. 
     Movement of the piston head  408   b  and the bellows  408   a  causes an available volume  430  of the chamber  412  to change or be adjusted. For instance, when the piston  408   b  is in the second position and the bellows  408   a  is expanded, the volume  430  is increased and a pulse of water is pulled into the chamber  412  through the opening  406  of the faceplate  402 . After a delay, the piston  408   b  is moved to the first position and the bellows  408   a  is contracted, which reduces the volume  430  and ejects the water from the chamber  412  and through the opening  406  in a toroidal waveform. 
     The jet assembly may further include an alternative exciter  413  in the form of a pneumatic system. The pneumatic system  413  includes a pneumatic valve  413   a  coupled to the housing  404  in order to supply air or a fluid to a pneumatic chamber  413   b . The pneumatic chamber  413   b  is representative of the space within the housing  404  between the second end  427  of the housing  404  and the first end  420  of the piston  408   b . When the pneumatic system  410  increases the pressure within the pneumatic chamber  413   b , the piston  408   b  is moved toward the faceplate  402  of the jet assembly  400  to the first position in order to increase the size of the pneumatic chamber  413   b . The pneumatic system  413  also includes a pneumatic relief valve  413   c  disposed at a first end  420  of the piston  408   b  and extending into the pneumatic chamber  410   b . The pneumatic relief valve  413   c  assists in decreasing the pressure within the pneumatic chamber  413   b  in order to move the piston  408   b  away from the faceplate  402  and to the second position. As a result, the size of the pneumatic chamber  413   b  is decreased. 
       FIGS. 14-16  depict an alternative embodiment of a jet assembly  500 . The jet assembly  500  is similarly constructed to the jet assembly  400  of  FIGS. 11-13 . Jet assembly  500  includes a faceplate  502  constructed to cooperate with a housing or base  504 . The faceplate  502  includes a disc  502   a , a retainer  502   b , and at least one opening  506  formed through the disc  502   a  of the faceplate  502  to assist in generating a toroidal shaped water jet stream. As shown in  FIG. 16 , the retainer  502   b  secures the disc  502   a  to a first end  526  of the housing  504 . While the representative embodiment of the invention depicts the retainer  502   b  as being threadably coupled to the first end  526  of the housing  504 , the retainer  502   b  may be coupled to the housing  504  may other methods in other embodiments of the invention. 
     A chamber  512  is disposed within the housing  504  and configured to allow movement of a mover  508  within the chamber  512 . In this embodiment of the invention, the mover  508  is represented by a piston  508   b  that moves between a first position and a second position and a diaphragm  508   a  that transitions accordingly. The jet assembly  500  also includes an exciter  510  that operates to transition the piston  508   b  between the first and second positions and generate a toroidal water jet stream. 
     Similar to the exciter  410  of the jet assembly  400 , the exciter  510  of the jet assembly  500  is in the form of a rotational actuator oriented perpendicular to the axis of motion of the piston  508   b . Movement of the exciter  510  is translated to movement of the piston  508   b . As shown in  FIG. 16 , the exciter  510  includes a pneumatic or electronic motor  510   b  that powers rotation of a shaft  510   a . In turn, the shaft  510   a  rotates either clockwise or counterclockwise. The distal end  511  of the shaft  510   a  includes a cam  510   c  having at least one orifice  510   d  formed therein. A connecting pin  528  extends through the orifice  510   d  and connects the cam  510   c  to a linkage  508   c  of the mover  408 , such as a slide crank. As a result, rotation of the shaft  510   a , causes rotation of the cam  510   c , which results in corresponding movement of the slide crank  508   c  by way of the connecting pin  528 . Further, movement of the slide crank  508   c  causes the piston  508   b  to move between the respective first position and second position as disclosed above. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 15 and 16 , the diaphragm  508   a  of the jet assembly  500  is in the form of a rolling diaphragm or rolling bellows wherein respective portions of the bellow bypass along one another during motion of the bellows. A first end  514  of the bellows  508   a  is secured to an inner surface  516  of the disc  502   a  of the faceplate  502 . In the representative embodiment of the invention, a rim  528  at the first end  514  of the bellows  508   a  is secured between the disc  502   a  of the faceplate  502  and the first end  526  of the housing  504 . A second end  518  of the bellows  508   a  is attached to a first end  520  of the piston  508   b .  FIG. 16  depicts the second end  518  of the bellows  508   a  mechanically coupled to the first end  520  of the piston  508   b  by a number of fasteners  522 . In other embodiments of the invention, the second end  518  of the bellows  508   a  may be coupled to the first end  520  of the piston  508   b  by other means. 
     Movement of the first end  520  of the piston  508   b  results in movement of the second end  516  of the bellows  508   a . In other words, as the piston  508   b  moves from the second position to the first position, the bellows  508   a  rolls onto itself. Conversely, as the piston  508   b  moves from the first position to the second position, the bellows  508   a  unrolls. 
     In this instance, movement of the piston  508   b  causes an available or accessible volume  530  of the chamber  512  to change. For instance, in the first position, the piston  508   b  is placed nearer the faceplate  502  of the jet assembly  500  to minimize the volume  530  and prevent water from entering the chamber  512 . On the other hand, when the piston head  508   b  is in the second position, the piston head  508   b  is displaced from the faceplate  502  to maximize the volume  530  and allow water to enter the chamber  512 . As a result, when the piston  508   b  is moved from the first position to the second position, the volume  530  is increased and a pulse of water is pulled into the chamber  512  through the opening  506  of the faceplate  502 . After a delay, the piston  508   b  is then moved back to the first position and the volume  530  is reduced, which causes the water within the chamber  512  to be ejected through the opening  506  in a toroidal waveform. 
     The jet assembly  500  may also include an alternative exciter  513  in the form of a pneumatic system. The pneumatic system  513  includes a pneumatic valve  513   a , a pneumatic chamber  513   b , and a pneumatic relief valve  513   c . The pneumatic valve  513   a  is coupled to the housing  504  in order to supply air or a fluid to the pneumatic chamber  413   b , which is representative of the space within the housing  504  between the second end  527  of the housing  504  and the first end  520  of the piston  508   b . The pneumatic relief valve  513   c  is disposed in a first end  520  of the piston  508   b  and extends into the pneumatic chamber  513   b . The pneumatic system  513  is able to increase the pressure within the pneumatic chamber  513   b  via the pneumatic valve  513   a  and move the piston  408   b  toward the faceplate  502  to the first position in order to increase the size of the pneumatic chamber  513   b . The pneumatic system  513  is also able to decrease the pressure within the pneumatic chamber  513   b  via the relief valve  513   c  in order to allow the piston  508   b  to move away from the faceplate  502  and to the second position, which results in the size of the pneumatic chamber  513   b  decreasing. 
     Now referring to  FIGS. 17-19 , another alternative jet assembly  600  is shown. Jet assembly  600  includes a faceplate  602  constructed to cooperate with a housing or base  604 . The faceplate  602  includes a disc  602   a  and a retainer  602   b . At least one opening  606  is formed through the disc  602   a  of the faceplate  602  to expose a chamber  612  within the housing  604 . The disc  602   a  is placed in contact with a first end  626  of the housing  604 . The retainer  602   b  is then coupled to the first end  626  of the housing  604  to secure the disc  602   a  in place. While  FIG. 16  depicts the retainer  602   b  being threadably coupled with the first end  626  of the housing  604 , it is contemplated that the retainer  602   b  may be coupled to the housing  604  by other methods in other embodiments of the invention. 
     The chamber  612  within the housing  604  allows a mover  608  to move within the chamber  612 . As shown in  FIGS. 18 and 19 , the mover  608  includes a diaphragm  608   a  and a piston  608   b . The piston  608   b  moves between a first position and a second position. In turn, the diaphragm expands and contracts accordingly. The jet assembly  600  also includes an exciter  610 . In operation, the exciter  610  causes the piston  608   b  to transition between the first and second positions, which generates a toroidal water jet stream. 
     In the representative embodiment of the invention of  FIG. 19 , the diaphragm  608   a  is in the form of a bellows having concave sidewalls configured to move outward as it collapses. The bellows  608   a  includes a first end  614  in contact with an inner surface  616  of the faceplate  602  and a second end  618  coupled to a first end  620  of the piston  608   b . As shown in  FIG. 19 , the first end  614  of the bellows  608   a  includes a rim  628 , which is secured between the disc  602   a  of the faceplate  602  and the first end  626  of the housing  604 . The second end  618  of the bellows  608   a  is mechanically coupled to the first end  620  of the piston  608   b  by a number of fasteners  622 . However, it is also contemplated that the second end  518  of the bellows  608   a  may be coupled to the first end  620  of the piston  608   b  by other means in other embodiments of the invention. 
     The exciter  610  of the jet assembly  600  is in the form of a rotational actuator similar to the exciters  410 ,  510  previously discussed above. As shown in  FIG. 19 , the exciter  610  includes a rotating shaft  610   a  that is powered by a motor  610   b . In particular, the motor  610   b  causes the shaft  610   a  to rotate in one of a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. A cam  610   c  is disposed at a distal end  611  of the shaft  610   a . The cam  610   c  includes at least one orifice  610   d  formed therein and configured to receive a connecting pin  628 . The connecting pin  628  couples the cam  610   c  to a linkage  608   c , such as a slide crank. In turn, movement of the slide crank  608   c  directly causes the piston  608   b  to transition between the first and second positions, as discussed above. 
     An available or accessible volume  630  within the chamber  612  is changed by movement of the piston  608   b . For instance, in the first position, the piston  608   b  is disposed adjacent the faceplate  602  of the jet assembly  600  to minimize the volume  630  and prevent water from entering the chamber  612 . In the second position, the piston  608   b  is spaced apart from the faceplate  602  to maximize the volume  630  and allow water from a respective basin to enter the chamber  612 . As the piston  608   b  is moved from the first position to the second position, the volume  530  is increased and a volume of water is pulled into the chamber  612  through the opening  606  in the faceplate  602 . As the piston  608   b  is moved from the second position toward the first position, the volume  530  is decreased and a toroidal pulse of water is ejected from the chamber  512  through the opening  606 . It is contemplated that the piston  608   b  may be maintained in the first position for a delay period before returning toward the second position such that the toroidal wave can fully propagate and travel in a direction away from the faceplate such 
     that a subsequent intake stroke does not detract or reduce the previously generated soliton fluid wave. 
     The jet assembly  600  may also include an alternative exciter  613  in the form of a pneumatic system. The pneumatic system  613  may include a pneumatic valve  613   a  coupled to the housing  604  in order to supply air or another fluid to a pneumatic chamber  613   b . The pneumatic chamber  613   b  is representative of the space within the housing  604  between the second end  627  of the housing  604  and the first end  620  of the piston  608   b . When the pneumatic system  613  increases the pressure within the pneumatic chamber  613   b , the piston  608   b  is moved to the first position in order to increase the size of the pneumatic chamber  613   b . The pneumatic system  613  may also include a pneumatic relief valve  613   c  disposed at a first end  620  of the piston  608   b  and extending into the pneumatic chamber  610   b . The pneumatic relief valve  613   b  may be used to decrease the pressure within the chamber  613   b  in order to move the piston  608   b  to the second position and decrease the size of the pneumatic chamber  613   b.    
     Next,  FIGS. 20-22  depict another alternative jet assembly  700 . Similar to previously described jet assemblies, the jet assembly  700  includes a faceplate  702  and a housing or base  704 . The faceplate  702  includes a disc  702   a  and a retainer  702   b . The disc  702   a  includes at least one opening  706  formed therethrough to expose a chamber  712  within the housing  704 . The disc  702   a  is placed at a first end  726  of the housing  704  and secured relative thereto by the retainer  702   b . As shown in  FIG. 22 , the retainer  702   b  is threadably coupled to the first end  726  of the housing  704  in order to secure the disc  702   a  to the first end  726  of the housing  704 . The retainer  702   b  may be coupled to the first end  726  of the housing  704  by other means in alternative embodiments of the invention. 
     A mover  708  is disposed within the chamber  712  of the housing  704 . The chamber  712  is configured to allow the mover  708  to move within the chamber  712 . In the representative embodiment of the invention, the mover  708  comprises a diaphragm  708   a  and a piston  708   b . The piston  708   b  moves between a first position and a second position, while the diaphragm  708   a  transitions accordingly. This will be described in further detail below. The jet assembly  700  also includes an exciter  710  that causes the piston  708   b  to move between the first and second positions and generate a toroidal water jet stream through the opening  706 . 
     The exciter  710  of the jet assembly  700  is in the form of a rotational actuator oriented perpendicular to the axis of motion of the piston  708   b . Movement of the exciter  710  is translated to movement of the piston  708   b  between the first and second positions. As shown in  FIG. 22 , the exciter  710  includes a rotational shaft  710   a  that is powered by a motor  710   b . The shaft  710   a  is configured to rotate either clockwise or counterclockwise in response to operation of the motor  710   b . A cam  710   c  is disposed adjacent or spaced apart from a distal end  711  of the shaft  710   a . The cam  710   c  is configured to rotate with the shaft  710   a . The cam  710   c  is further aligned with a displacement element  708   c  at a second end  742  of the piston  708   b . As a result, when the cam  710   c  rotates, the displacement element  708   c  moves forward and backward thereby causing the piston  708   b  to move between the first position and the second position. The displacement element  708   c  includes a bearing  732  that is aligned with the cam  710   c . The bearing  732  is configured to rotate around a shaft  734  of the displacement member  732  as it is displaced forward and backward. 
     A biasing element  734 , such as a spring, is disposed within a biasing channel  740  of the housing  704  in order to surround the piston  708   b . A first end  738  of the biasing channel  740  is disposed adjacent the first end  726  of the housing  704 . The second end  742  of the piston  708   b  includes an extension portion  744  that extends in a radially outward direction, which defines a second end  746  of the biasing channel  740 . In turn, the biasing element  734  extends from a first end  748  that is in contact with the first end  738  of the biasing channel  740  and a second end  750  that is in contact with a front face  752  of the extension portion  744  of the piston  708   b . As a result, when the exciter  710  and displacement member  708   c  cause the piston  708   b  to move to the first position, the biasing element  734  compresses as the movement of the extension portion  744  reduces the size of the biasing channel  740 . In turn, when the exciter  710  and the displacement member  708   c  move backward, the biasing element  734  exerts a force on the extension portion  744  of the piston  708   b  and causes the piston  708   b  to move to the second position, which in turn allows the biasing element  734  to expand as the size of the biasing channel  740  is increased. 
       FIG. 22  further depicts the diaphragm  708   a  in the form of a rolling bellows, similar to the diaphragm  508   a  of the jet assembly  500  shown in  FIG. 14 . A first end  714  of the bellows  708   a  is secured to an inner surface  716  of the faceplate disc  702   a . The first end  714  of the bellows  708   a  may include a rim  728  that is disposed between the disc  702   a  of the faceplate  702  and the first end  726  of the housing  704  in order to secure the first end  714  of the bellows  708   a  in place. A second end  718  of the bellows  708   a  is preferably magnetically attached to a first end  720  of the piston  708   b . A magnet  722  may be disposed in the first end  720  of the piston  708   b , and a magnetically responsive plate  724  may be disposed in the second end  716  of the bellows  708   a . The plate  724  may be steel or any other ferromagnetic material. In other embodiments of the invention, other methods may be used to couple the second end  716  of the bellows  708   a  to the first end  720  of the piston  708   b . As the piston  708   b  moves from the second position to the first position, the bellows  708   a  transitions by rolling onto itself. As the piston  708   b  moves from the first position to the second position, the bellows  708   a  transitions by unrolling itself. 
     Movement of the piston  708   b  causes an available or accessible volume  730  of the chamber  712  to change. For instance, when the piston  708   b  is in the first position, it is disposed adjacent the faceplate  702  to minimize the volume  730  and prevent water from entering the chamber  712 . Conversely, when the piston  708   b  is in the second position, it is spaced apart from the faceplate  702  to maximize the volume  730  and allow water to enter the chamber  712 . Further, when the piston  708   b  transitions from the first position to the second position, the volume  730  is increased and a pulse of water is pulled into the chamber  712  through the opening  706 . After a delay, the piston  708   b  transitions from the second position to the first position thereby decreasing the volume  730  associated with chamber  712  and ejecting the water from the chamber  712  and through the opening  706  in a toroidal waveform. 
     The jet assembly  700  may further include an alternative exciter  713 , such as a pneumatic system. The pneumatic system  713  includes a pneumatic valve  713   a , a pneumatic chamber  713   b , and a pneumatic relief valve  713   c . The pneumatic valve  713   a  is coupled to the housing  704  and supplies air or another fluid to the pneumatic chamber  713   b . The pneumatic chamber  713   b  is representative of the space within the housing  704  between the second end  727  of the housing  704  and the first end  720  of the piston  708   b . The pneumatic system  713  is able to increase the pressure within the pneumatic chamber  713   b  via the pneumatic valve  713   a  and move the piston  70   b  to the first position and increase the size of the pneumatic chamber  713   b . The pneumatic relief valve  713   c  is disposed in the first end  720  of the piston  708   b  and extends into the pneumatic chamber  713   b . The pneumatic relief valve  713   c  assists in decreasing the pressure within the chamber  713   b  in order to move the piston  708   b  to the second position and decrease the size of the pneumatic chamber  713   b.    
     Referring next to  FIGS. 23-24 , a jet assembly  800  is shown according to yet another embodiment of the invention. The jet assembly  800  includes a faceplate  802  constructed to cooperate with a housing or base  804 . At least one opening  806  is formed in the faceplate  802  to assist in generating a toroidal shaped water jet stream. In the representative embodiment of the invention, the faceplate  802  includes a disc  802   a  and a retainer  802   b  configured to secure the faceplate  802  to the housing  804 . The disc  802   a  is placed in contact with a first end  826  of the housing  804  and includes the previously discussed opening  806 . The retainer  802   b  is threadably coupled to the first end  826  of the housing  804  in order to secure the disc  802   a  to the first end  826  of the housing  804 . In other embodiments of the invention, the retainer  802   b  may be secured to the housing  804  via other methods. 
     The housing  804  includes a chamber  812  disposed therein. The chamber  812  is configured to allow a mover  708  to move within the chamber  812 . As shown in  FIG. 24 , the mover  808  includes a diaphragm  808   a  and a piston  808   b . The piston  808   b  transitions between a first position and a second position as it moves within the chamber  812 . In turn, the diaphragm  808   a  moves with the piston  808   b . The jet assembly  800  also includes an exciter  810  that causes the piston  608   b  to move between the first and second positions and generate a toroidal water jet stream. 
       FIG. 24  depicts the diaphragm  808   a  in the form of a seal secured to a first end  820  of the piston  808   b . As a result, the diaphragm  808   a  moves in unison with the first end  820  of the piston  808   b . The diaphragm  808   a  is sized so as to maintain a seal with the sidewalls  812   a  of the chamber  812 . While the representative embodiment of the invention depicts the diaphragm  808   a  as being coupled to the first end  820  of the piston  808   b  via at least one fastener  822 , it is contemplated that the diaphragm  808   a  may be coupled to the piston  808   b  via other methods. 
     The exciter  810  of the jet assembly  800  is in the form of a rotational actuator. As shown in  FIG. 24 , the exciter  810  includes a rotating shaft  810   a . A motor  810   b  powers the shaft  810   a  to rotate in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. A rotating plate  810   c  is centered on the shaft  810   a  and includes an orifice  810   d  spaced apart from the shaft  810   a . A connecting pin  828  is disposed within the orifice  810   d  and connects the rotating plate  810   c  to a linkage  808   c , such as a slide crank. As a result, the rotation of the shaft  810   a  causes the rotation of the plate  810   c , which causes movement of the slide crank  808   c , which causes the piston  808   b  to move between the first and second positions. 
     The chamber  812  includes an accessible volume  830  that is changed by the movement of the piston  808   b . In the first position, the piston  808   b  is located adjacent the faceplate  802  of the jet assembly  800  so as to minimize the volume  830  and prevent water from entering the chamber  812 . In the second position, the piston  808   b  is spaced apart from the faceplate  802  of the jet assembly  800  so as to maximize the volume  830  and allow water to enter the chamber  812  through the opening  806  in the faceplate  802 . More specifically, when the piston  808   b  moves from the first position to the second position, the volume  830  is increased and water is pulled into the chamber  812 . On the other hand, when the piston  808   b  moves from the second position to the first position, the volume  830  is decreased and the water is jettisoned from the chamber  812  via the opening  806  in a toroidal waveform. It is also contemplated that the piston  808   b  may be maintained in the first or second position for a dwell or delay period before moving to the other position to mitigate interference between the intake and discharge strokes associated with operation of piston  808   b  and the development and outward propagation of the toroidal wave into the operating environment, respectively. 
     Next,  FIGS. 25-26  depict a jet assembly  900  according to yet another embodiment of the invention. The jet assembly  900  includes a faceplate  902  and a housing  904  having a chamber  912  formed therein. The faceplate  902  is coupled to a first end  926  of the housing  904 . In varying embodiments of the invention, the faceplate  902  may be coupled to the first end  926  of the housing  904  by threading, fastening, or other coupling means or mechanisms. 
     A mover  908  is disposed within the chamber  912  of the housing  904  and is able to move within the chamber  912 .  FIG. 26  illustrates the mover  908  as including a diaphragm  908   a  and a piston or plunger  908   b . The piston  908   b  moves between a first position and a second position, while the diaphragm  908   a  transitions accordingly. The jet assembly  900  further includes an exciter  910  to cause movement of the piston  908   b , which generates a toroidal water jet stream through the opening  906  of the faceplate  902 . 
     The exciter  910  is in the form of a solenoid  910   a  coupled to the housing  904  opposite the faceplate  902 . A shaft  946  extends from the piston  908   b  and extends into a cavity  948  formed within the solenoid  910   a . Energization and de-energization of solenoid  910   a  imparts a driving force upon shaft  946  and thereby transitions piston  908   b  from the first position to the second position. 
     As shown in  FIG. 26 , the diaphragm  908   a  is in the form of a flexible bellows that collapses and expands as the piston  908   b  moves between the first and second positions. A first end  914  of the diaphragm  908   a  is secured to an inner surface  916  of the faceplate  902 . For example, the first end  914  of the diaphragm  908   a  is pinned between the inner surface  916  of the faceplate  902  and the first end  926  of the housing  904 . Meanwhile, the second end  918  of the diaphragm  908   a  is coupled to the piston  808   b . In the representative embodiment of the invention, the piston  808   b  includes a piston head  950 . In turn, the second end  918  of the diaphragm  908   a  is molded to surround and encapsulate the piston head  950 . As a result, movement of the piston  908   a  and piston head  950  directly causes movement of the second end of the diaphragm  908   a  and the resultant collapsing and expansion of the diaphragm  908   a.    
       FIG. 26  further illustrates a biasing element  934  that is disposed within the chamber  912 . The biasing element is oriented to surround the diaphragm  908   a  and piston head  950 . A first end  948  of the biasing element  934  is located at the first end  926  of the housing  904 . Meanwhile, a second end  951  of the biasing element  934  is in contact with an extension plate  944 . The extension plate  944  extends radially from the shaft  946  of the piston  908   b  at a location adjacent the second end  918  of the diaphragm  908   a . In alternative embodiments of the invention, the extension plate  944  may be spaced apart from the second end  918  of the diaphragm  908   a . As a result, when the solenoid  910   a  is activated and the piston  908   b  moves from toward the first end  926  of the housing  904 , the extension plate  944  also moves toward the first end  926  of the housing  904  and compresses the biasing element  934 . In turn, when the solenoid  910   a  is deactivated, the biasing element  934  exerts a force on the extension plate  944  and the piston  908   b  and extension plate  944  move away from the first end  926  of the housing, which allows the biasing element  934  to expand. Alternatively, it is further appreciated that solenoid  910   a  could be provided as a bidirectional pneumatic or electronic solenoid wherein energization of the solenoid effectuates the desired movement of piston  908   b  between the first and second positions. 
     As the piston  908   b  moves, an available or accessible volume  930  in the chamber  812  changes. For example, when the piston  908   b  is in the first position, the piston head  946  is disposed adjacent the faceplate  902  to reduce the volume  930  and prevent water from entering the chamber  912 . When the piston  908   b  is in the second position, the piston head  946  is spaced apart from the faceplate  902  to maximize the volume  930  and allow water to enter the chamber  912 . Movement of the piston  908   b  from the first position toward the second position causes the volume  930  to increase and a pulse of water to be pulled into the chamber  912  through the opening  906  in the faceplate  902 . Conversely, movement of the piston  908   b  from the second position toward the first position causes the volume  930  to decrease and eject water from the chamber  912  in a toroidal waveform through the opening  906  in the faceplate  902 . Upon reaching the first position or second position, the piston  908   b  may delay before moving toward the other position. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 27-28 , another embodiment of a jet assembly  1000  according to the present disclosure includes a faceplate  1002  that is coupled to a first end  1026  of a housing  1004 . The housing  1004  includes a chamber  1012  formed therein. In varying embodiments of the invention, the faceplate  1002  may be coupled to the housing  1004  by a threaded engagement or other mechanical coupling. 
     A mover  1008  is disposed within the chamber  1012  of the housing  1004 . The mover  1008  is able to move between first and second positions within the chamber  1012 .  FIG. 28  illustrates the mover  1008  as a piston  1008   b  including a diaphragm  1008   a  in the form of a seal or an O-ring that is supported by the piston and disposed at a first end  1020  of the piston  1008   b . The piston  1008   b  moves between a first position and a second position, while the diaphragm  1008   a  moves in concert with the piston  1008   b.    
     As mentioned above,  FIG. 28  depicts the diaphragm  1008   a  in the form of an o-ring seal disposed adjacent the first end  1020  of the piston  1008   b . In the representative embodiment of the invention, the piston  1008   b  includes a channel  1050  disposed in a sidewall  1052  of the piston  1008   b . The channel  1050  is configured to receive the seal  1008   a . In turn, the seal  1008   a  is able to maintain a sealed interaction with the sidewalls  1012   a  of the chamber  1012 , while the piston  1008   b  moves between the first and second positions. While  FIG. 28  depicts the channel  1050  as being adjacent the first end  1020  of the piston  1008   b , it is contemplated that the channel  1050  and corresponding diaphragm  1008   a  may be located at any location along a length of the piston  1008   b.    
     The jet assembly  1000  further includes an exciter  1010  that is configured to actuate movement of the piston  1008   b  between the first and second positions in order to generate a toroidal water jet output. In the representative embodiment of the invention, the exciter  1010  is in the form of a solenoid  1010   a  disposed within the piston  1008   b . As shown in  FIG. 28 , the piston  1008   b  includes a subsequent channel  1054  formed in the piston  1008   b . The solenoid  1010   a  is disposed within the channel  1054  of the piston  1008   b  in order to surround a piston core  1056  and not extend past an outer surface of the piston  1008   b  to maintain a streamlined piston  1008   b  for movement within the chamber  1012 . Activation and deactivation of the solenoid  1010   a  effectuates movement of the piston  1008   b  between the previously discussed first and second positions. 
     As the piston  1008   b  moves, an available or accessible volume  1030  in the chamber  1012  is modified. For instance, when the piston  1008   b  is in the first position, the piston  1008   b  is disposed adjacent the faceplate  1002  to minimize the volume  1030  and prevent water from entering the chamber  1012 . When the piston  1008   b  is in the second position, the piston  1008   b  is spaced apart from the faceplate  1002  to maximize the volume  1030  and allow water to enter the chamber  1012 . As a result, when the piston  1008   b  moves from the first position to the second position, the volume  1030  increases and a volume of water is pulled into the chamber  1012  through the opening  1006  in the faceplate  1002 . When the piston  1008   b  moves from the second position toward the first position, the volume  1030  decreases and water is ejected from the chamber  1012  in a toroidal waveform through the opening  1006  in the faceplate  1002 . It is contemplated that upon reaching the first or second position, the piston  1008   b  may be maintained in the relative top and bottom stroke positions for a delay period before transition to the other position. 
     Referring next to  FIGS. 29-30 , a jet assembly  1100  is shown according to yet another embodiment of the invention. The jet assembly  1100  includes a faceplate  1102  and a housing  1104  with a chamber  1112  formed therein. The faceplate  1102  is coupled to a first end  1126  of the housing  1104 . In some embodiments of the invention, the faceplate  1102  may be coupled to the housing  1104  by threading. However, other embodiments of the invention may couple the faceplate  1102  to be housing  1104  by fastening or other mechanical coupling techniques. 
     A mover  1108  is disposed within the chamber  1112  of the housing  1104  and transitions between first and second positions. In the representative embodiment of the invention, the mover  1108  includes a diaphragm  1108   a  and a piston  1108   b . An exciter  1110  causes the piston  1108   b  to move between a first position and a second position to create a toroidal waveform. 
     The diaphragm  1108   a  is depicted as being in the form of an o-ring seal disposed adjacent a first end  1120  of the piston  1108   b . As shown in  FIG. 30 , the piston  1108   b  includes a channel  1150  formed in a sidewall  1152  thereof. The channel  1150  is configured to receive the seal  1108   a . As a result, the seal  1108   a  is able to maintain contact with the sidewalls  1112   a  of the chamber  1112  during movement of the piston  1108   b  between the first and second positions. While the channel  1150  is shown as being located adjacent the first end  1120  of the piston  1108   b , other embodiments of the invention may have the channel  1105  and corresponding diaphragm  1108   a  disposed at any location along a length of the piston  1108   b.    
     The exciter  1110  is in the form of a solenoid  1110   a  attached to the housing  1104  opposite the faceplate  1102 . The piston  1108   b  includes a main body  1144  and a plunger  946  extending from a cavity  1152  within the main body  1144  to a cavity  1148  formed within the solenoid  1110   a . Meanwhile, the plunger  1146  also further includes a head  1154 , which is disposed within the centrally-located cavity  1152  of the main body  114  of the piston  1108   b . The cavity  1152  is formed to receive the head  1154  of the plunger  1146  so as to secure the plunger  1146  in place. In other words, the cavity  1152  includes a head portion  1152   a  and a shaft portion  1152   b  configured to receive corresponding portions of the plunger  1146  so that movement of the plunger  1146  is directly translated into movement of the piston  1108   b.    
     Movement of the piston  1108   b  changes an available or accessible volume  1130  within the chamber  1112 . When the piston  1108   b  is in the first position, the first end  1120  of the piston  1108   b  is disposed adjacent the faceplate  1102  to minimize the volume  1130  and prevent water from entering the chamber  112 . When the piston  1108   b  is in the second position, the first end  1120  of the piston  1108   b  is spaced apart from the faceplate  1102  to maximize the volume  1130  and allow water to enter the chamber  112  through the opening  11066  in the faceplate  1102 . As a result, movement of the piston  1108   b  from the first position to the second position causes the volume  1130  to increase and a pulse of water to be pulled into the chamber  1112  through the opening  1106  in the faceplate  1102 . Meanwhile, movement of the piston  1108   b  from the second position toward the first position causes the volume  1130  to increase and the water to be ejected through the opening  1106  of the faceplate  1102  in a toroidal waveform. It is contemplated that the piston  1108   b  may be provided with a dwell or delay before transitioning from one from a respective one of the first and second positions toward the other of the respective first or second position. 
       FIGS. 31-33  depict a jet assembly  1200  according to another embodiment of the invention. The jet assembly  1200  includes a faceplate  1202  secured to a first end  1226  of a housing  1204 . The faceplate  1202  includes at least one opening  1206  to assist in generating a toroidal shaped water jet stream. In the representative embodiment of the invention, the faceplate  1202  includes a disc  1202   a  and a retainer  1202   b . The disc  1202   a  is placed in contact with the first end  1226  of the housing  1204  and includes the previously discussed opening  1206 . The retainer  1202   b  is threadably coupled to the first end  1226  of the housing  1204  to secure the disc  1202   a  to the first end  1226  of the housing  1204 . Other mechanical coupling methods may be used to secure the retainer  1202   b  to the housing  1204 , in other embodiments of the invention. 
     The housing  1204  includes a chamber  1212  formed therein and configured to allow a mover  1208  to be disposed therein. As shown in  FIG. 33 , the mover  1208  includes a diaphragm  1208   a  and a piston  1208   b . The piston  1208   b  includes a piston head  1209  and a piston base  1211  that are movably coupled to each other. The piston head  1209  of the piston  1208   b  transitions between a first position and a second position within the chamber  1212 , while the piston base  1211  is maintained in a stationary position relative to housing  1204 . In turn, the diaphragm  1208   a  moves with the head  1209  of piston  1208   b  and sealingly cooperates with the interior facing surface of housing  1240  to maintain the desired fluid isolation between chamber  1212  and the interior surface of housing  1204  that is rearward of piston head  1209 . The jet assembly  1200  also includes an exciter  1210  that causes the movement of the piston head  1209  of the piston  1208   b  to create a toroidal water jet stream. 
       FIG. 33  further depicts the diaphragm  1208   a  in the form of an o-ring seal disposed adjacent a first end  1220  of the piston head  1209  of the piston  1208   b . The piston head  1209  includes a channel  1250  formed in a sidewall  1252  thereof and configured to receive the seal  1208   a . The seal  1208   a  and channel  1250  are sized so that the seal  1208   a  is able to maintain contact with the sidewalls  1212   a  of the chamber  1212 , while the piston head  1209  moves between the first and second positions. In other embodiments of the invention, the channel  1250  and corresponding seal  1208   a  may be disposed at any location along a length of the piston head  1209 . 
     As described above, the piston head  1209  is movably disposed within the chamber  1212 , while the piston base  1211  is stationary within the chamber  1212 . As shown in  FIG. 33 , the piston base  1211  includes a main body portion  1211   a  and a rim  1211   b  extending outward from an end of the main body portion  1211   a . In turn, the rim  1211   b  is disposed between the second end  1227  of the housing  1204  and the cap  1205 , in order to be secured in place. As a result, the piston base  1211  is unable to move within the chamber  1212 . The main body portion  1211   a  of the piston base  1211  extends from the rim  1211   b  and toward the first end  1226  of the housing  1204  to a first end  1214  of the piston base  1211 . A number of slots  1252  are formed in the sidewalls  1211   c  of the main body portion  1211   a  of the piston base  1211 . The slots  1252  are configured to receive corresponding arms  1254  of the piston head  1209  that extend from the main portion  1209   a  of the piston head  1209  toward the second end  1227  of the housing  1204 . The arms  1254  of the piston head  1209  are coupled to a spring plate  1250  disposed within the piston base  1211 . 
     The exciter  1210  is in the form of a pneumatic system including a pneumatic valve  1210   a , a pneumatic chamber  1210   b , and a pneumatic relief valve  1210   c . The pneumatic valve  1210   a  is coupled to a second end  1227  of the housing  1204 . In the representative embodiment of the invention, a cap  1205  is threadably coupled to the second end  1227  of the housing  1204 , and the pneumatic valve  1201   a  is disposed within the cap  1205 . The pneumatic system  1210  provides air or another fluid into the pneumatic chamber  1210   b  via the pneumatic valve  1210   a . The pneumatic chamber  1210   b  is representative of the space between the main portion  1209   a  of the piston head  1209  and the cap  1205 . As the pressure within the pneumatic chamber  1210   b  increases, the piston head  1209  is moved toward the faceplate  1202  of the jet assembly  1200  in response to an increase in the volume of the pneumatic chamber  1210   b . In turn, the spring plate  1250 , which is coupled to the piston head  1209  as described above, also moves toward the faceplate  1202  of the jet assembly  1200 . 
     A biasing element  1234 , such as a spring, is disposed within a biasing chamber  1240  disposed within the piston base  1211 . A first end  1238  of the biasing chamber  1240  is at a first end  1213  of the piston base  1211 , opposite the rim  1211   b  of the piston base  1211 . The biasing element  1234  extends from a first end  1248  in contact with the first end  1238  of the biasing chamber  1240  to a second end  1249  in contact with the spring plate  1250 . As a result, when the pneumatic system  1210  increases the air pressure within the pneumatic chamber  1210   b  and moves the spring plate  1250 , the biasing element  1234  is compressed as the movement of the spring plate  1250  reduces the spacing between the spring plate  1250  and the first end  1238  of the biasing chamber  1240 . When the pneumatic system  1210  reduces the pressure within the pneumatic chamber  1210   b  via the pneumatic relief valve  1201   c , the biasing element  1234  exerts a force on the spring plate  1250  and causes the piston head  1209  and spring plate  1250  to move away from the faceplate  1202 . As the spacing between the spring plate  1250  and the first end  1238  of the biasing chamber  1240  increases, the biasing element  1234  expands. 
     The pneumatic relief valve  1210   c  is in the form of a membrane coupled to the first end  1220  of the piston head  1209  by a fastener  1244 , such as a rivet or the like. The membrane  1210   c  covers at least one orifice  1245  formed in the first end  1220  of the piston head. To reduce the pressure within the pneumatic chamber  1210   b , the membrane  1210  is supported by the piston head such that the membrane can move away from the first end  1220  of the piston head  1209  to expose the orifice  1245  that lies therebehind while remaining coupled to the piston head  1209 . 
     As the piston head  1209  of the piston  1208   b  moves between the first and second positions, an available or accessible working fluid volume  1230  within the chamber  1212  is modified. For example, when the piston  1208   b  is in the first position, the first end  1220  is adjacent the faceplate  1202  to reduce the volume  1230  and prevent water from entering the chamber  1212 . Conversely, when the piston  1208   b  is in the second position, the first end  1220  is spaced apart from the faceplate  1202  to increase the volume  1230  and allow water to enter the chamber  1212 . As such, when the piston  1208   b  moves from the first position to the second position, the volume  1230  increases and a pulse of water is pulled into the chamber  1212  through the opening  1206 . After a delay, the piston  1208   b  may be moved from the second position to the first position to reduce the volume  1230  and eject the water from the chamber  1212  and through the opening  1206  to create a toroidal jet of water. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 34-35 , another alternative jet assembly  1300  is shown. The jet assembly  1300  includes a faceplate  1302  coupled to a first end  1326  of a housing  1304 . The faceplate  1300  includes a disc  1302   a  and a retainer  1302   b . The disc  1302   a  includes at least one opening  1306  formed therein to expose a chamber  1312  within the housing  1304 . The disc  1302   a  is placed at the first end  1326  of the housing  1304  and secured thereto by the retainer  1302   b . As shown in  FIG. 35 , the retainer  1302   b  is threadably coupled to the first end  1326  of the housing  1304  in order to secure the disc  1302   a  to the first end  1326  of the housing  1304 . In other embodiments of the invention, the retainer  1302   b  may be coupled to the first end  1326  of the housing  1304  by other mechanical coupling methods. 
     A mover  1308  is disposed within the chamber  1312  of the housing  1304 . Further, the mover  1308  is able to move within the chamber  1312 . As shown in  FIGS. 34-35 , the mover  1308  is shown as including a diaphragm  1308   a  and a piston  1308   b . The piston  1308   b  moves between a first position and a second position, while the diaphragm  1308   a  transitions accordingly, which will be described in further detail below. The jet assembly  1300  also includes an exciter  1310  that causes the piston  1308   b  to move between the first and second positions in order to generate a toroidal water jet stream through the opening  1306  of the faceplate  1302 . 
     The exciter  1310  of the jet assembly  1300  is in the form of a pneumatic system including a pneumatic valve  1310   a , a pneumatic chamber  1310   b , and a pneumatic relief valve  1310   c . The pneumatic valve  1310   a  is coupled to a second end  1327  of the housing  1304  opposite the first end  1326  of the housing  1304 , the pneumatic chamber  1310   b  is disposed within the piston  1308   b , and the pneumatic relief valve  1310   c  is disposed at a first end  1320  of the piston  1308   b  and extends into the pneumatic chamber  1310   b . The pneumatic system  1310  provides air or another fluid into the pneumatic chamber  1310   b  via the pneumatic valve  1310   a . As the pressure increases within the pneumatic chamber  1310   b , the piston  1308   b  is moved toward the faceplate  1302  of the jet assembly  1300 . In turn, the pneumatic relief valve  1310   c  may be used to decrease the pressure within the pneumatic chamber  1310   b  in order to move the piston  1308   b  away from the faceplate  1302 . 
     A biasing element  1334 , such as a spring, is disposed within a biasing chamber  1340  of the housing  1304  in order to surround the piston  1308   b . A first end  1338  of the biasing chamber  1340  may be disposed adjacent the first end  1326  of the housing  1304 . Further, the second end  1342  of the piston  1308   b  may include an extension portion  1344  extending radially outward therefrom and into the biasing chamber  1340 . The biasing element  1334  extends from a first end  1348  in contact with the first end  1338  of the biasing chamber  1340  and a second end  1350  in contact with a front face  1352  of the extension portion  1344  of the piston  1308   b . As a result, when the pneumatic system  1310  increases the air pressure within the pneumatic chamber  1310   b  and moves the piston  1308   b  to the first position, the biasing element  1334  compresses as the movement of the extension portion  1344  reduces the spacing between the extension portion  1344  and the first end  1338  of the biasing chamber  1340 . When the pneumatic system reduces the air pressure within the pneumatic chamber  1310   b , the biasing element  1334  exerts a force on the extension portion  1344  and causes the piston  1308   b  to move to the second position. In turn, the biasing element  1334  expands as the spacing between the extension portion  1344  and the first end  1338  of the biasing chamber  1340  increases. 
       FIGS. 34 and 35  further illustrate the diaphragm  1308   a  in the form of a rolling bellows, similar to a number of embodiments described above. A first end  1314  of the bellows  1308   a  is secured to an inner surface  1316  of the faceplate disc  1302   a . The first end  1314  of the bellows  1308   a  may include a rim  1328  that is disposed between the disc  1302   a  of the faceplate  1302  and the first end  1326  of the housing  1304  to secure the first end  1314  of the bellows  1308   a  in place. A second end  1318  of the bellows  1308   a  may be mechanically coupled to the first end  1320  of the piston  1308   b . While the representative embodiment of the invention depicts the second end  1318  of the bellows  1308   a  as being coupled to the first end  1320  of the piston  1308   b  via a number of fasteners  1322 , other embodiments of the invention may use other coupling methods. Movement of the piston  1308   a  causes movement of the second end  1316  of the bellows  1308   a . For example, as the piston  1308   b  moves from the second position to the first position, the bellows  1308   a  rolls onto itself. Conversely, as the piston  1308   b  moves from the first position to the second position, the bellows  1308   a  unrolls. 
     Movement of the piston  1308   b  causes an accessible volume  1330  within the chamber  1312  to be modified. For example, when the piston  1308   b  is in the first position, the first end  1320  of the piston  1308   b  is placed adjacent the faceplate  1302  of the jet assembly  1300  to minimize the volume  1330  and prevent water from entering the chamber  1312 . When the piston  1308   b  is in the second position, the first end  1320  of the piston  1308   b  is spaced apart from the faceplate  1302  to maximize the volume  1330  and allow water to enter the chamber  1312  through the opening  1306  in the faceplate  1302 . As a result, when the piston  1308   b  moves from the first position to the second position, the volume  1330  is increased and a pulse of water is pulled into the chamber  1312  through the opening  1306  in the faceplate  1302 . After a delay, the piston  1308   b  is then moved back to the first position and the volume  1330  is reduced to cause the water within the chamber  1312  to be ejected through the opening  1306  in the faceplate  1302  in a toroidal waveform. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 36-37 , a jet assembly  1400  is shown according to yet another embodiment of the invention. The jet assembly  1400  includes a faceplate  1402  secured to a housing  1404 . The faceplate  1402  includes a disc  1402   a  and a retainer  1402   b . The disc  1402   a  includes at least one orifice  1406  and is in contact with a first end  1426  of the housing  1404 . The retainer  1402   b  is threadably coupled to the first end  1426  of the housing  1404  in order to secure the disc  1402   a  to the first end  1426  of the housing  1404 . In other embodiments of the invention, the retainer  1402   b  may be coupled to the housing  1404  by way of other mechanical coupling methods. 
     A chamber  1412  is disposed within the housing  1404 , and a mover  1408  is disposed within the chamber  1412 . As shown in  FIG. 37 , the mover  1408  includes a diaphragm  1408   a  and a piston  1408   b . The piston  1408   b  moves between a first position and a second position, while the diaphragm  1408   a  transitions accordingly. The jet assembly  1400  also includes an exciter  1410  that causes movement of the piston  1408   b  to create a toroidal water jet stream through the opening  1406  of the faceplate  1402 . 
     The diaphragm  1408   a  is in the form of a rolling diaphragm or rolling bellows. A first end  1414  of the bellows  1408   a  is secured to an inner surface  1416  of the faceplate disc  1402   a . In the representative embodiment of the invention, the bellows  1408   a  includes a rim  1428  that is held in place between the disc  1402   a  and the first end  1426  of the housing  1404  in order to secure the first end  1414  of the bellows  1408   a  to the inner surface  1416  of the faceplate disc  1402   a . A second end  1418  of the bellows  1408   a  is coupled to a first end  1420  of the piston  1408   b . While  FIG. 37  depicts the second end  1418  of the bellows  1408   a  being secured to the first end  1420  of the piston  1408   b  by way of fasteners  1444 , other coupling methods are contemplated. Regardless of the connection methodology associated with securing bellows  1408   a  relative to piston  1408   b , when the piston  1408   b  moves from the second position toward the first position, the bellows  1408   a  transitions by rolling onto itself. When the piston  1408   a  moves from the first position toward the second position, the bellows  1408   a  transitions by unrolling itself. 
     The exciter  1410  is in the form of a solenoid  1410   a  coupled to a second end  1427  of the housing  1404 , opposite the first end  1426  of the housing  1404 . The solenoid  1410   a  includes a shaft  1446  that extends toward and is coupled to the piston  1408   b . In turn, when the solenoid is activated, the piston  1408   b  is pulled by the shaft  1446  toward the second end  1427  of the housing  1404  and to the second position. When the solenoid is deactivated, the piston  1408   b  is able to return toward the first end  1426  of the housing  1404  and to the first position. It is appreciated that solenoid  1410   a  could be provided in a generally reverse operational nature, wherein actuation of the solenoid drives piston  1408   b  toward the faceplate and deactivation of the solenoid allows the piston  1408   a  to translate toward the second position, or a configuration wherein dissimilar drive signals effectuate driven operation of the piston toward the respective first and second positions. 
     Referring to  FIG. 37 , in a preferred configuration, a biasing element  1434  is disposed within the housing  1404  and surrounding the shaft  1446  of the solenoid  1410   a . The biasing element  1434  extends from a first end  1448  in contact with an extension portion  1444  to a second end  1451  in contact with a second end  1427  of the housing  1404 . The extension portion  1444  extends radially outward from the piston  1408   b  at a location spaced apart from the first end  1420  of the piston  1408   b . As a result, when the solenoid  1410   a  pulls the piston  1408   b  toward the second end  1427  of the housing  1404 , the biasing element  1444  is compressed. In turn, when the solenoid  1410   a  is deactivated, the biasing element  1444  exerts a force on the extension portion  1444  and pushed the piston  1408   b  toward the first position. 
     As the piston  1408   b  moves, an available or accessible volume  1430  associated with the working fluid disposed within the chamber  1412  is modified. When the piston  1408   b  is in the first position, the first end  1420  of the piston  1408   b  is generally disposed adjacent the faceplate  1402  to reduce the volume  1430  and prevent water from entering the chamber  1412 . When the piston  1408   b  is in the second position, the first end  1420  of the piston  1408   b  is spaced apart from the faceplate  1402  to increase the volume  1430  and allow water to enter the chamber  1412 . Hence, when the piston  1408   b  moves from the first position to the second position, the volume  1430  is increased and a volume of water is pulled into the chamber  1412  through the opening  1406 . After a delay, the piston  1408   b  may be moved back toward the first position from the second position any thereby reduce the volume  1430  and cause the water within the chamber  1412  to be ejected through the opening  1406  in the form of a toroidal water jet stream. 
     The jet assembly may further include an alternative exciter  1413  in the form of a pneumatic system. The pneumatic system  1413  may include a pneumatic valve  1413   a , a pneumatic chamber  1413   b , and a pneumatic relief valve  1413   c . The pneumatic valve  1413   a  is coupled to the housing  1404  to supply air or another fluid to a pneumatic chamber  413   b , which is representative the space within the housing  1404  between the second end  1427  of the housing  1404  and the first end  1420  of the piston  1408   b . When the pneumatic system  1410  increases the pressure within the pneumatic chamber  1413   b , the piston  1408   b  is moved to the first position in order to increase the size of the pneumatic chamber  1413   b . The pneumatic relief valve  1413   c  is disposed at the first end  1420  of the piston  1408   b  and extends into the pneumatic chamber  1410   b . The pneumatic relief valve  1413   c  assists in decreasing the pressure within the pneumatic chamber  1413   b  in order to move the piston  1408   b  to the second position and decrease the size of the pneumatic chamber  1413   b.    
     Next,  FIGS. 38-39  depicts a jet assembly  1500  according to another embodiment of the invention. The jet assembly  1500  includes a faceplate  1502 , a housing  1504 , and a chamber  1512  within the housing  1504 . The faceplate  1502  is secured to a first end  1526  of the housing  1504 . As shown in  FIG. 38 , the housing  1504  may include a neck  1504   a  at its first end  1526 . 
     A mover  1508  is disposed within the chamber  1512  of the housing  1504 . In this embodiment of the invention, the mover  1508  includes a diaphragm  1508   a  and a shaft  1508   b  extending from the diaphragm and out a second end  1527  of the housing  1504  opposite the first end  1526 . The diaphragm  1508   a  is oriented to divide the chamber  1512  into a first portion  1512   a  and a second portion  1512   b . The first portion  1512   a  is fluidly coupled to the working fluid environment via an opening  1506  in the faceplate  1502 , while the second portion  1512   b  is fluidically coupled with an exciter  1510 , such as a pneumatic system, coupled to the housing  1512 . 
     The pneumatic system  1510  includes a pneumatic valve  1510   a , which, as shown in  FIG. 38 , is coupled to the housing  1504  of the jet assembly  1500 . The pneumatic system  1510  provides air or another fluid into a pneumatic chamber  1510   b  representative of the second portion  1512   b  of the chamber  1512 . As will be described in further detail below, the diaphragm  1508   b  is configured to transfer between a first position and a second position in response to air entering and leaving the second portion  1512   b  of the chamber  1512 . 
     As disclosed above, the shaft  1508   b  of the mover  1508  extends from the diaphragm  1408   a , through a second end  1527  of the housing  1504 , to a distal end  1509  of the shaft  1508   b  located outside the housing  1504 . A spring plate  1550  is coupled to the distal end  1509  of the shaft  1508   b . The spring plate  1500  extends laterally from the distal end  1509  of the shaft  1508   b . As shown in  FIG. 39 , supports  1552  are coupled to the plate  1550  and oriented to extend parallel to the shaft  1508   b  in a direction toward the housing  1504 . When the diaphragm  1508   a  is in a neutral or resting position, the supports  1552  are spaced apart from the second end  1527  of the housing  1504 . When the diaphragm is in the second position, the supports  1552  are further spaced apart from the second end  1527  of the housing  1504 . When the diaphragm is in the first position, the supports  1552  extend through orifices  1554  formed through the second end  1527  of the housing  1504 . 
       FIG. 39  further depicts a biasing element  1534  disposed between the second end  1527  of the housing  1504  and the plate  1550 . In the representative embodiment of the invention, the biasing element  1534  is in the form of a spring surrounding the shaft  1508   b  outside the housing  1504 . When the pneumatic system  1510  provides air into the second portion  1512   b  of the chamber  1512 , the diaphragm  1508   b  is moved to the first position. In turn, the shaft  1508   b  moves with the diaphragm  1508   b , and the plate  1550  moves with the shaft  1508   b  to be oriented nearer the second end  1527  of the housing  1504 . Further, the supports  1552  extend through the orifices  1554  of the second end  1527  of the housing  1504  and dislodge a membrane  1556  located within the chamber  1512  of the housing  1504  at the second end  1527  of the housing  1504 . Dislodging the membrane  1556  causes the air to be released from the second portion  1512   b  of the chamber  1512 . The membrane  1556  and orifices  1554  work together as a pneumatic relief valve  1510   c.    
     As a result, when the diaphragm  1508   a  is moved to the first position and the pneumatic system  1510  stops providing air to the second portion  1512   b  of the chamber  1512 , the biasing element  1524  is able to exert a force on the plate  1550  to cause the diaphragm  1508   a  to move from the first position to the second position away from the first end  1526  of the housing  1504 . In turn, the shaft  1508   b  moves with the diaphragm  1508   a , the plate  1550  moves away from the second end  1527  of the housing, the supports  1552  are spaced apart from the second end  1527  of the housing. As such, the membrane  1556  reengages the interior facing surface of the housing  1504  and covers the orifices  1554  thereby sealing the second portion  1512   b  of the chamber  1512  from atmosphere. 
     As the diaphragm  1508   a  and the shaft  1508   b  move, an available or accessible volume  1530  in the chamber  1512  is modified. In this embodiment of the invention, the first portion  1512   a  of the chamber  1512  is representative of the volume  1530 . When the mover  1508  is in the first position, the diaphragm  1508   a  flexes toward the first end  1526  of the housing  1504  to reduce the volume  1530  associated with chamber  1512  and thereby reduce the amount of water in the first portion  1512   a  of the chamber  1512 . Conversely, when the mover  1508  is in the second position, the diaphragm  1508   a  is flexed away from the first end  1526  of the housing and toward the second end  1527  of the housing  1504 . In turn, the volume  1530  increases thereby increasing the amount of water associated with the first portion  1512   a  of the chamber  1512 . As the mover  1508  moves from the first position to the second position, the volume  1530  is increased and a volume of water is pulled into the first portion  1512   a  of the chamber  1512 . When the mover  1508  moves from the second position toward the first position, the volume  1530  is decreased and a toroidal jet of water if ejected from the first portion  1512   a  of the chamber  1512  through the opening  1506  in the faceplate  1502 . 
     Referring next to  FIGS. 40-44 , a jet assembly  1610  according to another embodiment of the present application is shown and that is constructed similar to jet assembly  10  as shown in  FIGS. 1-4  as described above. The jet assembly  1610  includes a faceplate  1612 , a housing  1614 , a diaphragm  1616  disposed between the faceplate  1612  and the housing  1614 , a seal  1618 , a flap arrangement  1620 , and an exciter  1624 . As shown in  FIG. 41 , the flap arrangement  1620  is disposed between the faceplate  1612  and the diaphragm  1616 , which is contained within a chamber  1622  similar to chamber  22  of jet assembly  10 . The flap arrangement  1620  is coupled to the faceplate  1612  by way of a retaining element  1617 . 
     As further shown in  FIG. 42 , a slot  1626  is formed in faceplate  1612  and sized to receive the retaining element  1617  and an extension  1621  of the flap arrangement  1620  extending vertically from the main body  1623  of the flap arrangement  1620 . In the representative embodiment of the invention, the retaining element  1617  and the extension  1621  of the flap arrangement  1620  are configured to interfit with the sidewalls of the slot  1626  and each other in order to secure both the retaining element  1617  and the flap arrangement  1620  in place. That is, the retaining element  1617  and the extension  1621  of the flap arrangement  1620  include tabs  1617 A,  1621 A, respectively, that interfit with detents  1617 B,  1621 B, respectively, in the sidewalls of the slot  1626 . When both the retaining element  1617  and the extension  1621  of the flap arrangement are inserted into the slot  1626 , they exert a force on each other so that the tabs  1617 A,  1621 A interfit with their respective detents  1617 B,  1621 B in the sidewalls in a locked orientation. It is appreciated that discrete detents could be provided in discrete slots formed in the sidewalls such that retaining element  1617  flap arrangement  1620  can be secured in an independent manner relative to faceplate  1612 . 
     The main body  1623  of the flap arrangement  1620  is in the form of flaps that extend outward and are aligned with the inlets  1615  of the faceplate  1612 . During the inlet flow, a fluid is able to enter the chamber  1622  through both the inlets  1615  and the outlet  1613  without interference by the flap  1623 . During the outlet flow, the flaps  1623  block fluid from leaving the chamber  1622  via inlets  1615  such that fluid is forced to leave chamber  1622  through outlet  1613  defined by faceplate  1612 . 
       FIG. 42  is a longitudinal cross section view of jet assembly  1610  and further illustrates the diaphragm  1616 . A first end  1607  of the diaphragm  1616  is secured to the housing  1614  at a first end  1605  of the housing  1614 . A retaining ring  1619  is secured at the first end  1605  of the housing  1614  and secures the first end  1607  of the diaphragm  1616  to the first end  1605  of the housing  1614 . In the representative embodiment of the invention, a rim  1609  at the first end  1607  of the diaphragm  1616  is secured between the first end  1605  of the housing and the retaining ring  1619 . In addition, the seal  1618  disposed between the diaphragm  1620  and the faceplate  1612 . The seal  1618  is disposed within a recess  1611  of the faceplate  1612 . When the faceplate  1612  is engaged with the housing  1614 , the retaining ring  1619  described above comes in contact with the faceplate  1612  and secures the seal  1618  in the recess  1611 . 
     A second end  1603  of the diaphragm  1616  is secured to a piston  1628 . The piston  1628  moves linearly from a first position to a second position in response to movement of the exciter  1624 . In the first position shown in  FIG. 42 , the piston  1628  is spaced apart from the faceplate  1612  thereby increasing the volume within the chamber  1622 . In the second position, the piston  1628  is moved nearer to or adjacent the faceplate  1612  relative the first position such that the volume of chamber  1622  is reduced or decreases relative to the volume of the chamber when piston  1628  is oriented in the first position. As the piston  1628  moves from the second position toward the first position, fluid flows into the chamber through the outlet  1613  and the inlets  1615 . Conversely, as the piston moves from the first relative position toward the second relative position, fluid flows out of the chamber through the outlet  1613 . 
       FIG. 42  further illustrates the attachment of the housing  1614  to the exciter  1624 . The exciter  1624  has a frame  1630  that encloses the components of the exciter  1624 . It is appreciated that exciter  1624  may be configured to operate in various operational methodologies including and not limited as a rotational actuator, a mechanical actuator, a pneumatic system, or the like. Regardless of the operational methodology employed associated with operation of exciter  1624 , operation of exciter  1624  is configured to generate at least partly linear operation of a flexible member such as a diaphragm or bellows as disclosed further below to effectuate the cyclic intake and discharge strokes associated with the discrete jet assemblies. 
     In the representative embodiment of the invention, the housing  1614  may be threadably engaged with the exciter frame  1630  to couple the housing  1614  to the remainder of the exciter  1624  structure.  FIGS. 43 and 44  further illustrate the interiors of the housing  1614  and the exciter frame  1630 , respectively. As shown, the interior of the housing  1614  includes a number of ratchet elements  1632  having detents  1633  formed in a second end  1634  of the housing  1614 . In addition, the ratchet elements  1632  may also include fingers  1635  extending inwardly. Ratchet elements  1632  are oriented in a generally radial direction and are spaced about a circumference of second end  1634  of the housing  1614 . Meanwhile, the interior of the exciter frame  1630  includes a centrally located ratchet portion  1636  including a number of teeth or tabs  1638  extending outwardly therefrom. To secure the housing  1614  within the exciter frame  1630 , the housing  1614  is disposed within the exciter frame  1630  and rotated to threadably engage an outer surface of the housing  1614  with an inner surface of the exciter frame  1630 . The tabs  1638  of the ratchet portion  1636  of the exciter frame  1630  interact with the detents  1632  and fingers  1635  of the housing  1614  to lock the housing  1614  within the exciter frame  1630  to prevent rotation in the direction that would be necessary to separate the housing  1614  and the exciter frame  1630 . As a result, the housing  1614  is secured within the exciter frame  1630  in a locked position so that operation of the jet assembly  1610  will not interfere with the desired operational connection between the housing  1614  and the exciter frame  1630 . 
       FIGS. 45-48  depict a jet assembly  1710  according to another embodiment of the invention. Similar to jet assembly  1610  described above, jet assembly  1710  includes a faceplate  1712 , a housing  1714 , a diaphragm  1716  disposed within a cavity  1722  of the housing  1714 , and a flap arrangement  1720 . The flap arrangement  1720  is secured proximate the faceplate  1712  by way of a retaining element  1717 . The orientation and interaction between flap arrangement  1720  and retaining element  1717  is the same as shown and described with regard to flap arrangement  1620  and retaining element  1617  of jet assembly  1610 . It is contemplated that the jet assembly  1710  may include a retaining ring similar to the retaining ring  1619  of the previously described jet assembly  1610 . 
     The diaphragm  1716  includes a first end  1707  and a second end  1703 . The first end  1707  of the diaphragm  1716  includes a rim  1709  that is secured between an inner surface of the faceplate  1712  and a first end  1705  of the housing  1712 . Meanwhile, the second end  1703  of the diaphragm  1716  is attached to a mover  1728 , such as a piston, that reciprocates between a first position and a second position. In the first position, the piston  1728  is displaced from the inner surface of the faceplate  1712  thereby increasing the volume defined by chamber  1722 . In the second position, the piston  1728  is moved toward the inner surface of the faceplate  1712  relative to the first position and thereby decreases the volume within the chamber  1722  relative to the first position. During movement of the piston  1728  from the first position toward the second position, fluid flows into the chamber through the outlet  1713  and the inlets  1715 . As the piston moves from the second position toward the first position, fluid flows out of the chamber through the outlet  1713 , as the flap arrangement  1720  at least substantially blocks fluid flow through the inlets  1715 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 46 , the housing  1712  is threadably engaged with an exciter frame  1730 . The exciter frame  1730  includes a lower or bottom half  1731  and an upper half  1733 . In the representative embodiment of the invention, an exciter  1724 , such as a motor, or other suitable drive source several of which are disclosed elsewhere herein, is coupled to the exciter frame  1730 . The exciter  1724  is configured to interact with a cam assembly  1732  disposed within the exciter frame  1730 . The cam assembly  1732  is configured to translate the motion of the exciter  1724  into reciprocating axial or lateral motion of the piston  1728  relative to the chamber, the effects of which are further described above. 
     The cam assembly  1732  includes an upper cam element  1734  and a lower cam element  1736  that slidably interact with one another to effectuate oscillation of the piston  1728 . The upper cam element  1734  is shown in both  FIGS. 46 and 47 . The upper cam element  1734  includes a main body  1738 . At a first end  1740  of the main body  1738 , the upper cam element  1734  includes an extension element  1742  that extends outwardly from the main body  1738 . The extension element  1742  increases the diameter of the upper cam element  1734  at its first end  1740 . As shown in  FIG. 46 , the extension element  1742  of the upper cam element  1734  extends toward the exciter  1724 . In turn, an outer surface  1744  of the extension element  1742  is placed in contact with the exciter  1724  so that rotational motion of the exciter  1724  is rotates the extension element  1742  and thereby the upper cam element  1734 . It is contemplated that the outer surface  1744  of the extension element  1742  may include gears formed therein and be configured to interact with a geared feature of the exciter  1724  to effectuate the desired rotation therebetween. 
       FIG. 47  further shows an inner surface  1746  of the main body  1738  of the upper cam element  1734 . In the representative embodiment of the invention, an upper guide surface  1748  extends inward from the inner surface  1746 . The upper guide surface  1748  of the upper cam element  1734  is configured to interact with a lower guide surface  1750  of the lower cam element  1736 . As shown in  FIG. 47 , the guide surface  1750  of the lower cam element  1736  extends inward and upward from a main body  1752  of the lower cam element  1736 . 
     The lower cam element  1736  is coupled to the upper cam element  1734  so that rotation of the respective upper cam element  1734  or lower cam element  1736  causes rotation of the cooperating respective cam element  1734 ,  1736 . It is contemplated that the upper and lower cam elements  1734 ,  1736  may be axially secured together by way of fasteners to prevent axial separation. In turn, the upper and lower guide surfaces  1748 ,  1750  of the cam elements  1734 ,  1736  are consistently spaced apart from each other to provide a follower path  1752 . The piston  1728  includes followers  1754  extending radially outward therefrom and are configured to be disposed within the follower path  1752 . In the representative embodiment of the invention, the followers  1754  are shown as rotational elements such as ball bearings or the like fastened to the piston  1728  via a bolts, but may be in the form of any extrusion or attachment in varying embodiments of the invention. Rotation of the cam elements  1734 ,  1736  causes the followers  1754  to move along the follower path  1752 . Due to the contouring of the guide surfaces  1748 ,  1750 , and, as a result, the contouring of the follower path  1752 , as the followers  1754  move along the follower path  1752 , the followers are moved laterally or axially, that is either up and down or side to side depending upon the orientation of the jet assembly  1710 . Since the followers  1754  extend statically outward from the piston  1728 , lateral movement of followers  1754  as they move along the follower path  1752  translates to lateral movement of the piston  1728  relative to housing  1712  and thereby effectuate the expansion and contraction of the volume of the volume associated with jet assembly  1710  in the same manner and to the same effect as disclosed above with respect to the previously described jet assemblies. 
     The follower path  1752  and the follower  1754  are symmetrically balanced with the piston  1728 . In the representative embodiment of the invention, the follower path  1752  is configured to oscillate the piston  1728  twice per every revolution of the cam elements  1734 ,  1736 . In other embodiments of the invention, the follower path  1752  may be adjusted to increase or decrease the number of oscillations of the piston  1782  per revolutions of the cam elements  1734 ,  1736 . 
       FIGS. 46 and 48  each illustrate the use of a retaining element  1758 , such as a square stock key, and insert  1760  disposed within the piston  1728  in order to prevent rotation of the piston  1728 . Although shown as having a square cross sectional shape, it should be appreciated that other cross sectional shapes are envisioned that would facilitate rotational drive forces effectuating axial operation of piston  1728  while providing a symmetrical balance of the loads communicated therebetween. Regardless of the specific geometry of the cross sectional shape interface, rotation of the cam elements  1734 ,  1736  causes linear oscillation of the piston  1728  without any rotation of the piston  1728 . As shown in  FIG. 48 , the bolts  1755  retaining the bearings  1757  of the followers  1754  may extend into the piston  1728  and secure the insert  1760  relative to the piston  1728 . While the insert  1760  is shown as including two pieces  1760   a ,  1760   b , it is contemplated that the insert  1760  may include any number of pieces in varying embodiments of the invention. The retaining element  1758  is statically coupled to the exciter frame  1730  and disposed within an opening  1762  of the insert  1760  contoured to match the shape of the retaining element  1758 . Statically coupling the retaining element  1758  to the exciter frame  1730  prevents the retaining element  1758  from rotating. Disposing the static retaining element  1758  within the inset  1760  prevents the inset  1760  from rotation. Finally, coupling the insert  1760  to the piston  1728  prevents the piston  1728  from rotating. 
     The present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiment. The several embodiments disclosed herein are related as being related to the assembly as generally shown in the drawings. It is recognized that equivalents, alternatives, and modifications, aside from those expressly stated, the embodiments summarized, or the embodiment shown in the drawings, are possible and within the scope of the appending claims. The appending claims cover all such alternatives and equivalents.