Patent Publication Number: US-2021164232-A1

Title: Wheelchair ramps, hand railings, and modular accessibility systems incorporating the same

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a National Stage Application of International Application No. PCT/US2018/015497, filed on 26 Jan. 2018, which claims priority to, and the benefit of, U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos. 62/450,588 and 62/450,590, both of which were filed on 26 Jan. 2017. The entire contents of each of these applications is hereby incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Technical Field 
     The present disclosure relates to accessibility systems and, more specifically, to wheelchair ramps, hand railings, and modular accessibility systems incorporating the same. 
     Background of Related Art 
     Many personal residences, commercial establishments, government buildings, public facilities, and outdoor venues include accessibility systems to accommodate individuals that utilize wheelchairs or are otherwise physically impaired. In fact, in many cases, such accessibility systems are mandated by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Some of these accessibility systems are intended for permanent or long-term use, while others are for temporary or short-term use. 
     Regardless of whether the accessibility systems are required for long-term or short-term use, the manufacture, transportation, and installation of such systems can be challenging. For example, the various components of an accessibility system, e.g., platforms, ramps, and hand railings, may be welded together during manufacturing to form large, heavy, bulky subassemblies, thus making the transportation of these subassemblies from the manufacturing facility to the installation site difficult and expensive. In addition, the welding process itself requires a trained technician in order to ensure safety and effectiveness of the welds. 
     Systems that do not utilize significant amounts of welding to form subassemblies may instead rely on a variety of joint and connection parts to secure the various components of the accessibility system, e.g., platforms, ramps, and hand railings, to one another. However, the use of such joint and connection parts may overly complicate assembly and/or result in protruding areas, gaps, and/or other disturbances between the components, which could be a safety concern as well as unsightly. 
     Accordingly, there is a continuing need for accessibility systems including, for example, wheelchair ramps and/or hand railings, that facilitate simplified manufacturing, transportation, and on-site installation of such systems. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present disclosure provides modular accessibility systems including, for example, wheelchair ramps and/or hand railings, that facilitate simplified manufacturing, transportation, and on-site installation of such systems. To the extent consistent, any of the aspects described herein may be used in conjunction with any of the other aspects described herein. 
     Provided in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is a modular system including a first surface-defining assembly including a plurality of panels, each panel including a plate portion, a first connector disposed towards and extending along a first side of the plate portion, and a second connector disposed towards and extending along a second side of the plate portion. The first and second connectors of adjacent panels are configured to engage one another to thereby engage the plurality of panels with one another in side-by-side relation such that the plate portions cooperate to define a continuous surface of the first surface-defining assembly. 
     In an aspect of the present disclosure, the first surface-defining assembly is a platform assembly. Alternatively, the first surface-defining assembly is a ramp assembly. 
     In another aspect of the present disclosure, engagement of the first and second connectors of adjacent panels defines a screw boss for receipt of a fastener. 
     In another aspect of the present disclosure, first surface-defining assembly further includes at least one connector panel extending along a side of the first surface-defining assembly and engaged with the plurality of panels at ends thereof. The first surface-defining assembly may further include at least two connector panels extending along sides of the first surface-defining assembly and engaged with sides of outer-most panels of the plurality of panels. Additionally or alternatively, the surface-defining assembly further includes at least one side rail extending along a side of the surface-defining assembly and engaged with a side of an outer-most panel of the plurality of panels. 
     In yet another aspect of the present disclosure, the at least one connector panel and the at least one side rail are formed similarly to one another, wherein the at least one side rail is engaged with the first surface-defining assembly in an inverted orientation relative to the engagement of the at least one connector panel with the first surface-defining assembly. 
     In still another aspect of the present disclosure, the engagement of the first and second connectors of adjacent panels defines a screw boss for receipt of a fastener to secure the connector panel to the plurality of panels. In such aspects, receipt of the fastener within the screw boss may also secure the adjacent panels in engagement with one another. 
     In still yet another aspect of the present disclosure, each of the panels further includes at least one rib member extending therefrom and defining a screw boss for receipt of a fastener. 
     In another aspect of the present disclosure, the connector panel includes a web defining upper and lower channels, and wherein the modular system further includes at least one hanger configured for engagement within the upper and lower channels. In such aspects, a second surface-defining assembly may be engaged with the first surface-defining assembly via the connector panel and the at least one hanger. 
     In another aspect of the present disclosure, the connector panel further includes a plate portion disposed on the web that is configured to define a bridge surface between the first surface-defining assembly and the second surface-defining assembly. 
     In another aspect of the present disclosure, the first surface-defining assembly further includes a side rail extending along a side thereof and engaged with a side of an outer-most panel of the plurality of panels. The side rail may define upper and lower channels, and the modular system may further include a bracket configured for engagement within the upper and lower channels. 
     In yet another aspect of the present disclosure, the bracket includes flanges extending therefrom and is configured for insertion into the side rail in a first orientation and subsequent rotation to a second orientation to engage the flanges within the upper and lower channels. 
     In another aspect of the present disclosure, a leg and/or or a hand railing os configured for engagement within the bracket. 
     In still yet another aspect of the present disclosure, a corner bracket is disposed at each corner of the first surface-defining assembly. A leg may be configured for engagement within one of the corner brackets. 
     In another aspect of the present disclosure, a third surface-defining assembly is provided including a first connector disposed towards and extending along a first end thereof and a second connector disposed towards and extending along a second end thereof. The first or second connector of the third surface-defining assembly is configured to engage a free one of the first or second connectors of one of the panels of the surface-defining assembly to thereby engage the first surface-defining assembly and the third surface-defining assembly with one another. In such aspects, engagement of the first or second connector of the third surface-defining assembly with the free one of the first or second connectors of the first surface-defining assembly defines a screw boss, and a set screw is engaged within the screw boss to secure engagement of the first surface-defining assembly and the third surface-defining assembly with one another. 
     In still another aspect of the present disclosure, at least two first components are provided each including a web defining a body having a first channel disposed along an upper portion of the body and a second channel disposed along a lower portion of the body. The first and second channels are orientated towards one another and define a first height between exteriors thereof and a second height between interiors thereof. The at least two first components are operatively connected to opposing sides of the first surface-defining assembly such that the first and second channels are substantially horizontally oriented relative to the continuous surface. 
     In yet another aspect of the present disclosure, a bracket is configured for engagement with one of the at least two first components. The bracket includes a base having first and second flanges extending from opposite ends thereof and a frame extending from the base and defines a third height between ends of the first and second flanges greater than the second height and less than the first height. A portion of the bracket is configured for insertion into one of the at least two first components in a first orientation and is further configured for rotation relative to one of the at least two first components such that the first and second flanges are respectively received within the first and second channels to engage the bracket relative to the one of the at least two first components. 
     In another aspect of the present disclosure, the frame of the bracket defines a passageway therethrough for receipt of a second component. 
     In another aspect of the present disclosure, the bracket further includes a clamp fastener operably engaged with the frame and selectively advancable into and withdrawable from the passageway. The second component, in aspects, is disposed within the passageway and advancement of the clamp fastener into the passageway causes the clamp fastener to operably engage the second component advancing the second component towards the one of the at least two first components. Advancement of the second component towards the one of the at least two first components causes the second component to engage the one of the at least two first components, in aspects. 
     In still yet another aspect of the present disclosure, at least one corner bracket is disposed adjacent at least one corner of the first surface-defining assembly. The at least one corner bracket may define a corner passageway therethrough for receipt of a second component. 
     Additional aspects and features of the present disclosure are provided in the following enumerated paragraphs: 
     A1. A modular system, comprising: a first sub-assembly, including: a first component including a first connector; a second component including a second connector, wherein the first and second connectors are configured to engage one another to engage the first and second components with one another, and wherein engagement of the first and second connectors defines a screw boss therebetween; and a fastener configured for receipt within the screw boss to secure the first and second components in engagement with one another. 
     A2. The modular system according to A1, wherein the first and second components are panels configured to engage one another to define a continuous surface. 
     A3. The modular system according to A1, wherein the first connector defines an n-shaped configuration and wherein the second connector defines a u-shaped configuration. 
     A4. The modular system according to A1, wherein one of the first connector or the second connector defines a tongue and the other of the first connector or the second connector defines a groove, the tongue configured for engagement within the groove upon engagement of the first and second connectors with one another. 
     A5. The modular system according to A1, further comprising a third component, and wherein the fastener is further configured to engage the third component to the first and second components. 
     A6. The modular system according to A5, wherein the third component is a side rail or a connector panel. 
     A7. The modular system according to A6, wherein, in a first orientation, the third component functions as a side rail and wherein, in a second orientation, the third component functions as a connector panel. 
     A8. The modular system according to A5, wherein the third component includes a web configured to receive a bracket or a hanger. 
     A9. The modular system according to A8, further comprising: a second sub-assembly, including: a fourth component including a fourth connector; a fifth component including a fifth connector, wherein the fourth and fifth connectors are configured to engage one another to engage the fourth and fifth components with one another, and wherein engagement of the fourth and fifth connectors defines a screw boss therebetween; and a second fastener configured for receipt within the screw boss to secure the fourth and fifth components in engagement with one another, wherein the second sub-assembly is configured to engage the first sub-assembly via the third component and the hanger. 
     A10. The modular system according to A8, further comprising a leg or a hand railing, wherein the third component and the bracket are configured to engage the leg or the hand railing to the first sub-assembly. 
     B1. A modular system, comprising: a first component including a web defining a body having a first channel disposed along an upper portion of the body and a second channel disposed along a lower portion of the body, the first and second channels orientated towards one another and defining a first height between exteriors thereof and a second height between interiors thereof; and a bracket configured for engagement with the first component, the bracket including a base having first and second flanges extending from opposite ends thereof, the bracket further including a frame extending from the base, wherein the bracket defines a third height between ends of the first and second flanges greater than the second height and less than the first height, wherein a portion of the bracket is configured for insertion into the first component in a first orientation and is further configured for rotation relative to the first component such that the first and second flanges are respectively received within the first and second channels to engage the bracket relative to the first component. 
     B2. The modular system according to B1, wherein a second orientation is offset from the first orientation by 90 degrees. 
     B3. The modular system according to B1, wherein the frame of the bracket defines a passageway therethrough for receipt of a second component. 
     B4. The modular system according to B3, wherein the bracket further includes a clamp screw operably engaged with the frame, the clamp screw selectively advancable into and withdrawable from the passageway. 
     B5. The modular system according to B3, wherein, a second orientation of the bracket, the passageway is vertically-oriented. 
     B6. The modular system according to B3, wherein, with the second component engaged within the passageway, advancement of the clamp screw into the passageway urges the second component towards the first component. 
     B7. The modular system according to B6, wherein advancement of the clamp screw into the passageway urges the second component to engage the first component. 
     B8. The modular system according to B3, wherein the passageway is offset between about 80 degrees and 90 degrees relative to longitudinal axes of the first and second channels. 
     B9. The modular system according to B1, further comprising a surface-defining assembly, wherein the first component is operatively connected to a side of the surface-defining assembly and wherein the first and second channels are substantially parallel to a top surface defined by the surface-defining assembly. 
     B10. The modular system according to B9, wherein the surface-defining assembly comprises a plurality of panels, each panel including: a plate portion; a first connector disposed towards and extending along a first side of the plate portion; and a second connector disposed towards and extending along a second side of the plate portion, wherein the first and second connectors of adjacent panels are configured to engage one another to thereby engage the plurality of panels with one another in side-by-side relation such that the plate portions cooperate to define a continuous surface of the surface-defining assembly. 
     C1. A modular system, comprising: a first component including a web defining a body having a first channel disposed along an upper portion of the body and a second channel disposed along a lower portion of the body, the first and second channels orientated towards one another and defining a first height between exteriors thereof and a second height between interiors thereof; and a hanger configured for engagement with the first component, the hanger including a base having first and second flanges extending from opposite ends thereof, the hanger further including a saddle extending from the base, wherein the hanger defines a third height between ends of the first and second flanges greater than the second height and less than the first height, wherein the hanger is configured for insertion into the first component in a first position and is further configured for manipulation relative to the first component such that the first and second flanges are respectively received within the first and second channels to engage the hanger within the first component. 
     C2. The modular system according to C1, wherein manipulation of the hanger from the first position to the second position includes rotating the hanger relative to the first component. 
     C3. The modular system according to C1, wherein manipulation of the hanger from the first position to the second position includes tilting the hanger relative to the first component. 
     C4. The modular system according to C1, wherein the first and second flanges are respectively received within the first and second channels substantially simultaneously with one another. 
     C5. The modular system according to C1, wherein one of the first or second flanges is received within the respective first or second channel before receipt of the other of the first or second flanges within the respective first or second channel 
     C6. The modular system according to C1, further comprising a surface-defining assembly, wherein the first component is operatively connected to a side of the surface-defining assembly and wherein the first and second channels are substantially parallel to a top surface defined by the surface-defining assembly. 
     C7. The modular system according to C6, wherein the surface-defining assembly comprises a plurality of panels, each panel including: a plate portion; a first connector disposed towards and extending along a first side of the plate portion; and a second connector disposed towards and extending along a second side of the plate portion, wherein the first and second connectors of adjacent panels are configured to engage one another to thereby engage the plurality of panels with one another in side-by-side relation such that the plate portions cooperate to define a continuous surface of the surface-defining assembly. 
     D1. A modular system, comprising: first and second rail segments; and a post assembly configured to engage the first and second rail segments with one another in end-to-end relation, the post assembly including: a first post component defining a first flat outwardly-facing side and a first inwardly-facing side including a first plurality of spaced-apart ribs; and a second post component defining a second flat outwardly-facing side and a second inwardly-facing side including a second plurality of spaced-apart ribs, wherein the first post component is configured to engage the first rail segment with the first flat outwardly facing side abutting an end of the first rail segment, wherein the second post component is configured to engage the second rail segment with the second flat outwardly facing side abutting an end of the second rail segment, and wherein the first and second pluralities of spaced-apart ribs are configured to engage one another in inter-fit relation to engage the first and second post components with one another, thereby engaging the first and second rail segments with one another. 
     D2. The modular system according to D1, wherein each of the first and second rail segments includes a web disposed within a hollow interior thereof, each web defining a screw boss, and wherein the first and second post components are configured to engage the first and second rail segments via fasteners extending through apertures defined within the respective first and second post components and into engagement within the screw bosses of the webs of the first and second rail segments. 
     D3. The modular system according to D2, wherein the screws are hidden from view when the first and second post components are engaged with the first and second rail segments and with one another. 
     D4. The modular system according to D1, wherein a portion of at least one rib of the first post component is removed to create a pocket, and wherein the first post component defines at least one aperture within the pocket, the at least one aperture extending between the first outwardly-facing side and the first inwardly-facing side. 
     D5. The modular system according to D1, wherein a portion of at least one rib of the second post component is removed to create a pocket, and wherein the second post component defines at least one aperture within the pocket, the at least one aperture extending between the second outwardly-facing side and the second inwardly-facing side. 
     D6. The modular system according to D1, further comprising a bolt configured to secure the first and second post components with one another with the first and second pluralities of spaced-apart ribs engaged with one another in inter-fit relation. 
     D7. The modular system according to D1, wherein at least one rib of the first plurality of fingers includes an engagement feature and wherein at least one rib of the second plurality of fingers includes a complementary engagement feature, the engagement feature and the complementary engagement feature configured to engage one another to secure the first and second post components with one another with the first and second pluralities of spaced-apart rib engaged with one another in inter-fit relation. 
     D8. The modular system according to D7, wherein the engagement feature and the complementary engagement feature are configured for snap-fit engagement with one another. 
     D9. The modular system according to D1, further comprising third and fourth rail segments extending in generally parallel orientation relative to the first and second rail segments, wherein the post assembly is configured to engage the third and fourth rail segments with one another in end-to-end relation. 
     D10. The modular system according to D1, wherein the first and second post components are substantially identical to one another. 
     D11. The modular system according to D1, wherein each of the first and second post components is formed monolithically via extrusion. 
     D12. The modular system according to D1, wherein each of the first and second rail segments is formed monolithically via extrusion. 
     E1. A modular system, comprising: a post assembly; and first and second rail segments configured to engage one another in end-to-end relation, each of the first and second rail segments including: an outer tube defining a subtantially hollow interior; and a web connected to internal surfaces of the outer tube and extending across the hollow interior thereof, the web including at least one screw boss configured for receipt of a fastener to enable engagement of each of the first and second rail segments with the post assembly. 
     E2. The modular system according to E1, wherein the at least one screw boss is spaced-apart from the outer tube. 
     E3. The modular system according to E2, wherein the at least one screw boss is remote from the outer tube. 
     E4. The modular system according to E1, wherein each of the first and second rail segments is formed monolithically via extrusion. 
     E5. The modular system according to E1, wherein the web includes a plurality of screw bosses disposed in alignment with one another. 
     E6. The modular system according to E1, wherein the web includes a plurality of screw bosses disposed remote from the outer tube. 
     E7. The modular system according to E1, wherein the web includes a plurality of screw bosses disposed spaced-apart from the outer tube. 
     E8. The modular system according to E1, wherein the web includes a plate portion connected to the internal surfaces of the outer tube and extending across the hollow interior of the outer tube. 
     E9. The modular system according to E8, wherein the at least one screw boss extends from the plate portion. 
     E10. The modular system according to E1, wherein web is disposed on a neutral plane of the outer tube. 
     E11. The modular system according to E1, wherein the at least one screw boss is disposed on a centerline of the outer tube. 
     E12. The modular system according to E1, wherein at least one of the first or second rails segments is bent to a desired configuration. 
     E13. The modular system according to E1, wherein at least one of the first or second rail segments includes a feature defined on or within the outer tube thereof, the feature selected from the group consisting of: a plurality of spaced-apart apertures, a channel, and a flange. 
     E14. The modular system according to E13, wherein the plurality of apertures are configured for engagement of spindles therein, and wherein the channel is configured for engagement of an obstruction panel therein. 
     F1. A modular system, comprising: a first surface-defining assembly including a plurality of panels, each panel including: a plate portion; a first connector disposed towards and extending along a first side of the plate portion; and a second connector disposed towards and extending along a second side of the plate portion, wherein the first and second connectors of adjacent panels are configured to engage one another to thereby engage the plurality of panels with one another in side-by-side relation such that the plate portions cooperate to define a continuous surface of the surface-defining assembly. 
     F2. The modular system according to F1, wherein the engagement of the first and second connectors of adjacent panels defines a screw boss for receipt of a fastener. 
     F3. The modular system according to F1, wherein each of the panels further includes at least one rib member extending from the bottom surface and defining a screw boss for receipt of a fastener. 
     F4. The modular system according to F1, further comprising at least two first components each including a web defining a body having a first channel disposed along an upper portion of the body and a second channel disposed along a lower portion of the body, the first and second channels orientated towards one another and defining a first height between exteriors thereof and a second height between interiors thereof, wherein the at least two first components are operatively connected to opposing sides of the first surface-defining assembly such that the first and second channels are substantially parallel relative to the continuous surface. 
     F5. The modular system according to F4, further comprising at least 4 first components including a web defining a body having a first channel disposed along an upper portion of the body and a second channel disposed along a lower portion of the body, the first and second channels orientated towards one another and defining a first height between exteriors thereof and a second height between interiors thereof; and wherein the first components are operatively connected to the other opposing sides of the first surface-defining assembly wherein the first and second channels are substantially horizontal to a top of the first surface-defining assembly. 
     F6. The modular system according to F4 and/or F5, further configured for engagement with one of the at least two first components, the bracket including a base having first and second flanges extending from opposite ends thereof, the bracket further including a frame extending from the base, wherein the bracket defines a third height between ends of the first and second flanges greater than the second height and less than the first height, wherein a portion of the bracket is configured for insertion into one of the at least two first components in a first orientation and is further configured for rotation relative to one of the at least two first components such that the first and second flanges are respectively received within the first and second channels to engage the bracket relative to the one of the at least two first components. 
     F7. The modular system according to F6, wherein the frame of the bracket defines a passageway therethrough for receipt of a second component. 
     F8. The modular system according to F7, wherein the passageway is offset between 80 and 90 degrees relative to the first and second channel 
     F9. The modular system according to F7, wherein, the passageway is vertically-oriented. 
     F10. The modular system according to F7, wherein the bracket further includes a clamp fastener operably engaged with the frame, the clamp fastener selectively advancable into and withdrawable from the passageway. 
     F11. The modular system according to F10, further includes the second component engaged within the passageway wherein advancement of the clamp fastener into the passageway causes the clamp fastener to operably engage the second component advancing the second component towards the one of the at least two first components. 
     F12. The modular system according to F11, wherein advancement of the second component towards the one of the at least two first components causes the second component to engage the one of the at least two first components. 
     F13. The modular system according to F12, wherein the passageway is offset between 80 &amp; 90 degrees relative to the first and second channel 
     F14. The modular system according to F12, wherein, the passageway is vertically-oriented. 
     F15. The modular system according to F5, further comprising at least one corner bracket disposed adjacent at least one corner of the first surface-defining assembly. 
     F16. The modular system according to F15, wherein the corner bracket is operatively connected to at least one of the first and second channel of at least one first component via a fastener. 
     F17. The modular system according to F16, wherein the corner bracket defines a corner passageway therethrough for receipt of a second component. 
     F18. The modular system according to F17, wherein the corner bracket includes a clamp fastener operably engaged with the corner bracket, the clamp fastener selectively advancable into and withdrawable from the corner passageway. 
     F19. The modular system according to F18, further includes the second component engaged within the corner passageway wherein advancement of the clamp fastener into the corner passageway causes the clamp fastener to operably engage the second component advancing the second component towards an inside surface of the corner passageway. 
     F20. The modular system according to F19, wherein advancement of the second component towards the inside surface of the corner passageway causes the second component to engage the corner bracket. 
     F21. The modular system according to F54 and/or F5, further comprising at least one hanger configured for engagement with the first component, the hanger including a base having first and second flanges extending from opposite ends thereof, the hanger further including a receiving area extending from the base, wherein the hanger defines a third height between ends of the first and second flanges greater than the second height and less than the first height, wherein a portion of the hanger is configured for insertion into the first component such that the first and second flanges are respectively received within the first and second channels to engage the hanger relative to the first component. 
     F22. The modular system according to F21, further comprising: a second surface-defining assembly wherein the second surface-defining assembly is in supported relation to the first surface-defining assembly via the receiving area of the hanger. 
     F23. The modular system according to F22, wherein the second surface-defining assembly comprises a plurality of panels, each panel including: the plate portion; the first connector disposed towards and extending along the first side of the plate portion; and the second connector disposed towards and extending along the second side of the plate portion, wherein the first and second connectors of adjacent panels are configured to engage one another to thereby engage the plurality of panels with one another in side-by-side relation such that the plate portions cooperate to define a continuous surface of the surface-defining assembly. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Various aspects of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to the drawings wherein like reference numerals identify similar or identical elements and: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a modular accessibility system in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  is an exploded, perspective view of a platform assembly of the modular accessibility system; 
         FIG. 3  is an exploded, perspective view illustrating engagement of a corner bracket, platform panels, and connector panels of the platform assembly; 
         FIG. 4  is an exploded, perspective view illustrating engagement of a connector panel with platform panels of the platform assembly; 
         FIG. 5  is an exploded, perspective view illustrating engagement of a side rail with ramp panels of the ramp assembly; 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view illustrating engagement of a hanger with a connector panel of the platform assembly; 
         FIGS. 7-9  are progressive, perspective views illustrating engagement of a ramp assembly of the modular accessibility system with the platform assembly via hangers; 
         FIG. 10  is a cross-sectional view illustrating the ramp assembly engaged with the platform assembly via hangers; 
         FIG. 11  is a cross-section view illustrating the ramp assembly engaged and secured with the platform assembly via hangers; 
         FIG. 12  is a cross-section view illustrating the ramp assembly engaged, in an alternate manner, and secured with the platform assembly via hangers; 
         FIG. 13-15  are progressive, perspective views illustrating engagement and securement of ramp panels of the ramp assembly with one another; 
         FIG. 16  is a perspective view of a portion of the modular accessibility system illustrating a leg and a hand railing assembly engaged with the ramp assembly; 
         FIGS. 17-20  are progressive, perspective views illustrating engagement of a bracket with the ramp assembly; 
         FIG. 21  is an exploded, perspective view illustrating insertion of a leg into the bracket; 
         FIG. 22  is a perspective view illustrating engagement and securement of the leg within the bracket engaged with the ramp assembly; 
         FIGS. 23 and 24  are perspective views illustrating engagement and securement of the hand railing assembly with another bracket engaged with the ramp assembly; 
         FIGS. 25 and 26  are perspective views of different configurations of a hand railing assembly in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 27  is an exploded, perspective view of the hand railing assembly; 
         FIG. 28  is an exploded, perspective view illustrating engagement of rails and post assemblies of the hand railing assembly; 
         FIG. 29  is a perspective view illustrating the rails and post assemblies engaged with one another; 
         FIGS. 30 and 31  are schematic drawings illustrating an engagement configuration of the components of a post assembly; 
         FIGS. 32 and 33  are schematic drawings illustrating another engagement configuration of the components of a post assembly; 
         FIG. 34  is a side view illustrating the rails and post assemblies engaged with one another; 
         FIG. 35  is another exploded, perspective view illustrating the rails and post assemblies engaged with one another; 
         FIG. 36  is an end view of an intermediate rail of the hand railing assembly; 
         FIG. 37  is a perspective view of an end rail of the hand railing assembly; 
         FIGS. 38 and 39  are end views of the tube ends of the end rail; 
         FIG. 40  is a perspective view of another configuration of the hand railing assembly; 
         FIG. 41  is a perspective view of still another configuration of the hand railing assembly; 
         FIG. 42  is an exploded, perspective view of a pivoting connector of the hand railing assembly; 
         FIG. 43  is a perspective view of the ramp assembly including hand railing assemblies having spindles and obstruction panels; 
         FIGS. 44 and 45  are perspective views of upper and lower portions, respectively, of the hand railing assembly illustrating attachment apertures for the spindles; 
         FIGS. 46 and 47  are perspective views of upper and lower portions, respectively, of the hand railing assembly illustrating attachment channels for the obstruction panels; and 
         FIG. 48  is a perspective view of another portion of the hand railing assembly including a projection surface extending therefrom. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Turning to  FIG. 1 , provided in accordance with the present disclosure is a modular accessibility system identified generally by reference numeral  10 . Modular accessibility system  10  includes various aspects and features, detailed below. However, it is understood that the various aspects and features, although detailed with respect to modular accessibility system  10 , need not necessarily be utilized together with one another and/or may find other application outside of modular accessibility system  10 . Accordingly, modular accessibility system  10  is merely one exemplification of the aspects and features of the present disclosure. 
     Modular accessibility system  10  generally includes one or more platform assemblies  100 , one or more ramp assemblies  200 , one or more hand railing assemblies  300  supported by the platform assemblies  100  and/or ramp assemblies  200 , and one or more legs  500  supporting the platform assemblies  100  and ramp assemblies  200 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 2-4 and 6 , a platform assembly  100  is described. Platform assembly  100  includes a plurality of platform panels  110  engaged with one another to define the usable, generally planar surface  102  of platform assembly  100 , one or more connector panels  130  extending along sides of platform assembly  100 , and a plurality of, e.g., four (4), corner brackets  150  disposed at the corners of platform assembly  100 . As an alternative to one or more of the connector panels  130 , platform assembly  100  may include one or more side rails (not shown, similar to side rail  270  of ramp assembly  200  (see  FIG. 5 )), extending along sides of platform assembly  100 . As detailed below, in some configurations, connector panels  130  and the side rails may be different components or, in other configurations, may be the same component oriented differently to suite the application. For example, the connector panels  130  and side rails may be the same component wherein, for use as a connector panel  130  of platform assembly  100 , the component is oriented right-side-up (see  FIGS. 3 and 4 ) and, for use as a side rail, e.g., side rail  270  of ramp assembly  200 , the component is oppositely oriented in an up-side-down orientation (see  FIG. 5 ). 
     Each of the plurality of platform panels  110  may be monolithically formed as a single piece of material, e.g., via extrusion or other suitable process (although other manufacturing methods are also contemplated), defining an elongated strip-like configuration and including a plate portion  112 , first and second connectors  114 ,  116  depending from plate portion  112  at opposing sides thereof, and one or more rib members  118  depending from plate portion  112  intermediate the opposing sides thereof. Platform panels  110  may define any suitable dimensions depending upon a particular purpose and any suitable number of platform panels  110  may be combined to define a planar surface  102  of platform assembly  100  of suitable dimensions, again depending upon a particular purpose. 
     The plate portion  112  of each platform panel  110  defines a generally planar configuration including an upper surface that forms part of generally planar surface  102  of platform assembly  100 . More specifically, upon engagement of platform panels  110  with one another in side-by-side relation, as detailed below, plate portions  112  cooperate to define generally planar surface  102  of platform assembly  100 . Each plate portion  112  may include ridges, protrusions, or other features defined on the upper surface thereof to facilitate traction on generally planar surface  102  of platform assembly  100 . 
     First and second connectors  114 ,  116  extend along and depend from plate portions  112  at opposed sides thereof, as noted above. Each first connector  114  defines a generally n-shaped configuration having three sides and a downwardly-facing opening. Each second connector  116 , on the other hand, defines a generally u-shaped configuration having three sides and an upwardly-facing opening. Each first connector  114  further includes a tongue  115  extending partially across the downwardly-facing opening thereof, and each second connector  116  further defines a groove  117  on the side opposite the upwardly-facing opening thereof. 
     The above-detailed configurations of first and second connectors  114 ,  116  enable engagement of the first connector  114  of a platform panel  110  with the second connector  116  of an adjacent platform panel  110  to engage the adjacent platform panels  110  with one another. More specifically, each first connector  114  is fit within the adjacent second connector  116  with the tongue  115  received within the groove  117  to engage the adjacent platform panels  110  with one another. Further, the inter-fit n-shaped and u-shaped first and second connectors  114 ,  116 , respectively, cooperate to define a screw boss  120  of appropriate dimensions to be capable of receiving and securing therein a fastener, e.g., a screw “S,” as detailed below. 
     Each rib member  118  of each platform panel  110  depends from the plate portion  112  thereof intermediate the opposing sides of the platform panel  110 , as noted above. Each rib member  118  may define a c-shaped channel  119  of appropriate dimensions to serve as a screw boss capable of receiving and securing therein a screw “S,” as detailed below. 
     Continuing with reference to  FIGS. 2-4  and, each connector panel  130  of platform assembly  100  extends along a side of platform assembly  100 . Each connector panel  130  may be monolithically formed as a single piece of material defining an elongated strip-like configuration, although other configurations are also contemplated. Each connector panel  130  includes a plate portion  132  defining an elongated strip-like configuration, and a web  134  depending from an underside of plate portion  132 , extending therealong, and oriented substantially perpendicularly relative to plate portion  132  so as to define a generally T-shaped configuration therewith. 
     The plate portion  132  defines a generally planar configuration and is configured to abut, overlay, or underlay the plate portion  112  of one or more platform panels  110  to serve as an extension of planar surface  102  of platform assembly  100  along a side thereof. The plate portion  132  may include ridges, protrusions, or other features configured to facilitate traction, similarly as with plate portions  112  of platform panels  110 . 
     The web  134  of each connector panel  130 , as noted above, depends from an underside of the plate portion  132  thereof, extends therealong, and is oriented to define a generally T-shaped configuration therewith. However, the web  134  is offset towards one side of plate portion  132  such that plate portion  132  includes a wide segment  133   a  on one side of web  134  and a narrow segment  133   b  on the other side of web  134 . Web  134  includes a body  136  which may include a plurality of spaced-apart screw apertures defined therethrough and is configured to define the upright portion of the generally T-shape of web  134  and plate portion  132 . Web  134  further includes an upper c-shaped channel  138  disposed at one end of body  136 , depending from an underside of the narrow segment  133   b  of plate portion  132 , and oriented such that the opening in the upper c-shaped channel  138  faces downwardly; and a lower c-shaped channel  139  disposed at the other end of body  136  and oriented such that the opening in the lower c-shaped channel  139  faces upwardly, opposing the opening of upper c-shaped channel  138 . 
     As best illustrated in  FIG. 4 , in order to engage a connector panel  130  alongside the platform panels  110 , the connector panel  130  is positioned such that wide segment  133   a  of plate portion  132  abuts, overlays, or underlays the ends of plate portions  112  of platform panels  110 . Screws “S” may then be inserted through the spaced-apart screw apertures and into engagement within the c-shaped channels  119  of rib members  118  of platform panels  110  and/or the screw bosses  120  formed by the first and second connectors  114 ,  116  of adjacent platform panels  110  to thereby secure connector panel  130  in position extending along the sides of the platform panels  110  such that the plate portion  132  of connector panel  130  serves as an extension of planar surface  102  of platform assembly  100 . With respect to engagement of fasteners, e.g., screws “S,” within the screw bosses  120  formed by the first and second connectors  114 ,  116  of adjacent platform panels  110 , not only does this secure the connector panel  130  to the platform panels  110 , but the engagement of screws “S” within screw bosses  120  may also serves to lock the adjacent platform panels  110  in engagement with one another, inhibiting disengagement of the first and second connectors  114 ,  116  from one another. 
     Referring back to  FIGS. 2 and 3 , corner brackets  150  are disposed at the corners of platform assembly  100 . Each corner bracket  150  includes a body  152  defining a vertically-oriented passageway  154  having a rectangular cross-section (although other configurations are also contemplated) and configured to receive a leg  500  to support platform assembly  100  off the ground. The leg  500  may be engaged within passageway  154  by set screws  155  extending through a corner of body  152  into passageway  154 , although other positions of set screws  155  and/or other suitable mechanisms for retaining leg  500  are also contemplated. As can be appreciated, set screws  155  (or another mechanism, if so provided) may be adjustable to vary a position of leg  500 , thereby varying a height of platform assembly  100  relative to the ground. Each corner bracket  150  further includes a pair of flanges  156 ,  158  extending therefrom and may be disposed in perpendicular orientation relative to one another. Flanges  156 ,  158  each define one or more screw apertures enabling fasteners, e.g., screws “S” to be inserted therethrough and into upper and lower c-shaped channels  138 ,  139  of connector panels  130  on either side of the corner bracket  150  to secure the connector panels  130  to one of the corner brackets  150  at each corner of platform assembly  100 . As can be understood, the upper and lower c-shaped channels  138 ,  139  of connector panels  130  may also be configured to serve as screw bosses. 
     With momentary reference to  FIG. 5 , as noted above, as an alternative to one or more of connector panels  130 , one or more side rails may be utilized along one or more sides of a platform assembly  100 , similarly as detailed below and illustrated in  FIG. 5  with respect to side rails  270  of platform assembly  200 . Connector panels  130  may be utilized on a side of platform assembly  100 , for example, where another surface-defining assembly, e.g., another platform assembly  100 , a ramp assembly  200 , etc. (see  FIG. 1 ), is desired to be connected to that side of platform assembly  100 . The side rails, on the other hand, may be utilized on a side of platform assembly  100  where no further surface-defining assemblies are intended to be joined but rather, only legs  500  and/or hand railing assemblies  300  are to be attached. Each side rail may be configured similarly to the connector panels  130  or, as mentioned above, these may be the same component, just oriented differently depending upon whether use as a connector panel  130  or side rail. 
     Turning to  FIG. 6 , as noted above, one or more hangers  180  may be operably coupled with a connector panel  130  to enable attachment of another component with platform assembly  100 , for example, a ramp assembly  200  ( FIGS. 7-15 ) (although another platform assembly  100  ( FIG. 1 ) or other surface-defining assembly is also contemplated), with connector panel  130  serving as the bridge between the platform assembly  100  and ramp assembly  200 . Each hanger  180  includes a base or back panel  182  and a saddle  184  extending from the back panel  182  genearlly perpendicularly therefrom. Back panel  182  includes an upper end defining a first flange or guide rail  186  and a lower end defining a second flange or guide rail  187 . An extension  188  extends from back panel  182  in a direction opposite the direction saddle  184  extends. Saddle  184  defines a receiving area  185  and includes a clamp screw  189  that is selectively extendable into and withdrawable from receiving area  185 . 
     In order to operably couple a hanger  180  to a connector panel  130 , the hanger  180  is positioned such that first and second guide rails  186 ,  187  are aligned with the open ends of upper and lower c-shaped channels  138 ,  139 , respectively, of the connector panel  130 , and is slid relative thereto such that first and second guide rails  186 ,  187  are slidably received within upper and lower c-shaped channels  138 ,  139 , respectively. Extension  188  of hanger  180  may ensure appropriate spacing between back panel  182  of hanger  180  and body  136  of web  134  of connector panel  130  to permit hanger  180  to slide along connector panel  130  without interference from the screw heads of screws “S.” Any suitable number of hangers  180  may be operably coupled to connector panel  130  in this manner and slid to suitable positions depending upon, for example, the component to be engaged to the connector panel  130 . As an alternative to the above, hanger  180  can be maneuvered into position similarly as detailed below with respect to bracket  400  ( FIGS. 16-24 ). More specifically, hanger  180  may be oriented such that first and second guide rails  186 ,  187  extend vertically and, thereafter, hanger  180  may be inserted transversely into web  134  of connector panel  130  between upper and lower c-shaped channels  138 ,  139 . Once hanger  180  is in this position, hanger  180  is rotated such that first and second guide rails  186 ,  187  are horizontally-oriented. As hanger  180  is rotated in this manner, first and second guide rails  18 ,  187  are inserted into engagement within upper and lower c-shaped channels  138 ,  139  to achieved the engaged configuration detailed above. In yet another alternative, first guide rail  186  is first inserted into upper c-shaped channel  138  with the remainder of hanger  180  angling outwardly from web  134  of connector panel  130 . Thereafter, second guide rail  187  is maneuvered and/or web  134  manipulated such that second guide rail  187  is positioned above lower c-shaped channel  139  and dropped down into engagement within lower c-shaped channel  139 . The reverse is also contemplated, e.g., wherein second guide rail  187  is first engaged within lower c-shaped channel  139  and thereafter first guide rail  186  maneuvered and/or web  134  manipulated to engage first guide rail  186  within upper c-shaped channel  138 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 7-15 , as noted above, a ramp assembly  200  may be engaged to platform assembly  100  via connector panel  130  and one or more hangers  180 . Ramp assembly  200  may include a plurality of ramp panels  210  engaged with one another and arranged transversely with respect to a length of ramp assembly  200 . Ramp panels  210  may be similar to platform panels  110  ( FIGS. 2-6 ) and, in some configurations, may be the same component just cut to a different length depending on the desired width of the ramp assembly  200 . The ramp panels  210  may be engaged with one another in a similar manner as with platform panels  110  to achieve a desired length of ramp assembly  200 . Each ramp panel  210  generally includes a plate portion  212 , a first connector  214  along a first side of the plate portion  212 , a second connector  216  along a second side of the plate portion  212 , and a rib member  218  extending along plate portion  212  at an intermediate position between first and second connectors  214 ,  216 . Rib member  218  may define a c-shaped channel  219  which serves as a screw boss capable of receiving and securing therein a screw “S,” as detailed above. Ramp panels  210  may further define a c-shaped channel  217   a  on a rib member  217   b  extending from first and/or second connectors  214 ,  216 . For example, as illustrated in  FIGS. 10-12 , second connector  216  may include a rib member  217   b  extending downwardly therefrom and including a c-shaped channel  217   a  defined on rib member  217   b.  More specifically, the rib member  217   b  of the end ramp panel  210  of ramp assembly  200  may define a more robust configuration, including an increased thickness, to increase strength at the joint between ramp assembly  200  and platform assembly  100  and or to increase strength at the joint between ramp assembly  200  and ramp assembly  200  as illustrated in  FIGS. 14 and 15 . A c-shaped channel  217   a  may be disposed on the increased-thickness rib member  217   b,  and/or may be defined on any other ramp panel  210  at either end thereof. Platform panels  110  ( FIGS. 2-4 ) may be formed in a similar manner. 
     With additional reference to  FIG. 5 , ramp assembly  200  may also include side rails  270 . As noted above, similar side rails  270  may be utilized to engage platform panels  110  along the sides of platform assembly  100  (see  FIG. 5 ) and, in some configurations, the side rails may be the same component, cut to a desired length. Further, as also noted above, side rails  270  may be the same component as the connector panels  130 , but in an up-side-down orientation, or may be different components. 
     Side rails  270  each include a plurality of screw apertures  271  and upper and lower opposed c-shaped channels  274  (only the lower c-shaped channel  274  is visible in  FIG. 5 ). Screw apertures  271  enable fasteners, e.g., screws “S,” to be inserted through side rails  270  and into engagement within the c-shaped channels  219  of rib members  218  of ramp panels  210  and/or the screw bosses  220  formed by the first and second connectors  214 ,  216  of adjacent ramp panels  210  to thereby secure the side rail  170  in position extending along the ends of the ramp panels  210 . Upper and lower opposed c-shaped channels  274  (only the lower c-shaped channel  274  is visible in  FIG. 5 ) are similar in configuration and function as those of webs  134  of connector panels  130  (see  FIGS. 3, 4, and 6 ) and, as noted above, may be the same component turned up-side-down. 
     With more particular reference to  FIGS. 7-11 , and initially to  FIGS. 7-9 , in order to engage ramp assembly  200  with platform assembly  100  via connector panel  130  and hangers  180 , the ramp assembly  200  is maneuvered such that the rib member  217   b  extending downward from the exposed first connector  214  of the end ramp panel  210  of ramp assembly  200  (although it could also be the rib member (not shown) extending downward from the exposed second connector  216  of the other end ramp panel  210  of ramp assembly  200 , if ramp assembly  200  were oriented oppositely), is seated at least partially within the receiving area  185  of the saddle  184  of each of the hangers  180 . With reference to  FIGS. 10 and 11 , once the rib member  217   b  is seated within saddles  184 , the clamp screw  189  of each saddle  184  may be sufficiently tightened, e.g., sufficiently extended into receiving area  185 , such that each clamp screw  189  is urged into the rib member  217   b  of the first connector  214  to retain the ramp panel  210  in position, thereby engaging ramp assembly  200  in abutment with connector panel  130 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 12 , engagement between ramp assembly  200  and connector panel  130  can be further secured, in the vertical direction in particular, via tucking first connector  214  underneath the narrow segment  133   b  of plate portion  132  of connector panel  130  to establish a tongue and groove engagement similarly as detailed above with respect to the engagement of first and second connectors  114 ,  116  of platform panels  110  of platform assembly  100  (see  FIGS. 3 and 4 ). Once this position is achieved, each clamp screw  189  may be tightened as noted above to secure the engagement between the ramp assembly  200  and the connector panel  130 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 13, 14 and 15 , multiple ramp assemblies  200  may be engaged with one another with the adjacent end ramp panels  210  of each ramp assembly  200  being engaged similarly as detailed above with respect to engagement of platform panels  110  of platform assembly  100  with one another (see  FIGS. 3 and 4 ). That is, the first connector  214  of the end ramp panel  210  of one of the ramp assemblies  200  is fit within the adjacent second connector  216  of the end ramp panel  210  of the other ramp assembly  200  to engage the ramp assemblies  200  and define screw bosses  220 . A fastener, e.g., a screw “S” ( FIG. 4 ), alone or inserted through a side rail  270 , may be engaged within the screw boss  220  to secure the ramp assemblies  200  to one another. Alternatively, as illustrated in  FIGS. 14 and 15 , another fastener, e.g., a set screw “SS,” may be engaged within the screw boss  220  to secure the ramp assemblies  200  to one another. 
     Turning to  FIGS. 16-24 , as noted above, modular accessibility system  10  includes one or more hand railing assemblies  300  supported by the platform assemblies  100  and/or ramp assemblies  200 , and one or more legs  500  supporting the platform assemblies  100  and ramp assemblies  200 . In order to enable efficient and effective attachment of hand railing assemblies  300  and/or legs  500  to platform assemblies  100  and/or ramp assemblies  200 , brackets  400  are provided. More specifically, brackets  400  are configured for operable coupling with side rails  270  of platform assemblies  100  and/or ramp assemblies  200 , respectively. Thus, although brackets  400  are detailed below with respect to engagement with a side rail  270  of a ramp assembly  200 , it is understood that the below similarly applies to the engagement of brackets  400  with the side rails of platform assemblies  100  and/or the connector panels  130  of platform assemblies  100 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 17-20 , each bracket  400  includes a base  410  including first and second flanges  412 ,  414  extending from opposing ends thereof. Each bracket  400  further includes a u-shaped frame  420  monolithically formed with or otherwise engaged to base  410  to define a generally rectangular passageway  430  extending through bracket  400 . First and second vertically-spaced clamp screws  440 ,  450  are operably engaged with u-shaped frame  420  and configured for selective extension into and withdrawal from passageway  430 , independently of one another. 
     With continued reference to  FIGS. 17-20 , in order to engage a bracket  400  within a side rail  270 , the bracket  400  is first rotated to a horizontal orientation wherein flanges  412 ,  414  are horizontally-oriented. In this position, bracket  400  may be inserted transversely into side rail  270  between the upper and lower c-shaped channels  272 ,  274 , respectively, thereof. Once inserted in this manner, bracket  400  is rotated back to a vertical orientation wherein flanges  412 ,  414  are vertically-oriented and extend through the slots defined within upper and lower c-shaped channels  272 ,  274  into upper and lower c-shaped channels  272 ,  274 , respectively. In this manner, bracket  400  is inhibited from being removed from side rail  270 , but may freely slide therealong, at least at this point. 
     Turning to  FIGS. 21-22 , to engage a leg  500  with bracket  400 , for example, leg  500  is inserted vertically through passageway  430  to a desired position, for example, depending upon the desired height of ramp assembly  200  at that location. Once the desired position has been reached, clamp screws  440 ,  450  are tightened against leg  500  to retain leg  500  in the desired position. The tightening of clamp screws  440 ,  450  also serves to urge leg  500  into contact with side rail  270  in press-fit engagement therewith, thereby inhibiting bracket  400  from sliding along side rail  270 . The brackets  400  ability to slide along and rotate relative to the side rail  270  makes it easily adjustable. When installing a ramp for example this versatility allows adjustment, which can accommodate varying degrees of slope (e.g., 0° to 45° or more specifically a 4.8 degree angle; 8.3% grade as is regulated for hand-propelled wheelchair and/or 7.1 degree angle; 12.5% grade as is regulated for powered wheelchairs) as well as repositioning a leg  500  along the length of a ramp to accommodate for terrain variations or obstacles encountered during an installation. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 23 and 24 , to engage a hand railing assembly  300  with bracket  400 , a post assembly  310  of the hand railing assembly  300  is inserted vertically through passageway  430  to a desired position, similarly as detailed above with respect to the engagement of leg  500  ( FIGS. 21 and 22 ). Alternatively, second clamp screw  450  may be sufficiently extended into passageway  430  such that the post assembly  310  may be inserted into passageway  430  and sit atop the portion of second clamp screw  450  extending into passageway  430 . In this manner, the hand railing assembly  300  may be assembled before being fully engaged with bracket  400 , whereby second clamp screw  450  is withdrawn and post assembly  310  moved to the desired final position before tightening first clamp screw  440  and re-tightening second clamp screw  450  against post assembly  310 . Additionally or alternatively, a pin “P” or other suitable structure protruding from post assembly  310  may contact bracket  400  to set a depth of insertion of post assembly  310  into bracket  400 . In either configuration, once the desired final position of post assembly  310  has been achieved, clamp screw  440  and/or clamp screw  450  may be tightened against post assembly  310  to retain post assembly  310  in the desired position while also inhibiting bracket  400  from sliding along side rail  270 , similar to engaging the leg  500 , as detailed above. 
     Turning now to  FIGS. 25-48 , hand railing assemblies  300  provided in accordance with the present disclosure and configured for use with modular accessibility system  10  ( FIG. 1 ) or independently thereof are described. The hand railing assemblies  300  may take various forms depending upon particular needs. Some of such configurations are detailed below, although other configurations are also contemplated. 
     With initial general reference to  FIGS. 25-27 , each hand railing assembly  300  generally includes one or more post assemblies  310 , one or more intermediate rails  330 , and one or more end rails  350 . Curved connector rails  370  ( FIGS. 26 and 40 ) and/or pivoting connectors  390  ( FIGS. 41 and 42 ) may also be provided. Additionally or alternatively, spindles  600  ( FIGS. 43-47 ), obstruction panels  700  ( FIGS. 43-47 ), and/or projection surfaces  800  ( FIG. 48 ) may be provided. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 27-35 , each post assembly  310  may includes first and second post components  312 ,  314  configured to engage one another in inter-fit manner, as detailed below. First and second post components  312 ,  314  each define a plate-like configuration including opposing sides and may each be formed as a single, monolithic component. Generally flat surfaces  316 ,  318  are defined on the outwardly-facing sides of first and second post components  312 ,  314 , respectively, while a plurality of spaced-apart ribs  320 ,  322  which in  FIGS. 30-33  appear similar to fingers that extend from the inwardly-facing sides of first and second post components  312 ,  314 , respectively. Ribs  320  of first post component  312  are offset relative to ribs  322  of second post component  314  to enable post components  312 ,  314  to engage one another with ribs  320 ,  322  in an inter-fit manner such that first and second post components  312 ,  314  are laterally fixed relative to one another. As illustrated in  FIGS. 30 and 31 , this may be sufficient to engage first and second post components  312 ,  314  with one another. Alternatively, as illustrated in  FIGS. 32 and 33 , some ribs  320 ,  322 , e.g., the outer-most ribs, of first and second post components  312 ,  314  may include complementary snap-fit features  321   a,    321   b  and recesses  323   a,    323   b,  e.g., corresponding protrusions and recesses, to further engage first and second post components  312 ,  314  in snap-fit manner in addition to the inter-fit engagement therebetween. First and second post components  312 ,  314  may be the same component, e.g., two of the same component oriented to face one another. Alternatively, first and second post components  312 ,  314  may be different from one another, e.g., one being a male component and the other a complementary female component. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 34 and 35 , in configurations where only inter-fit engagement is provided between first and second post components  312 ,  314  (see  FIGS. 30 and 31 ), a bolt “B” and nut “N” may be utilized to secure first and second post components  312 ,  314  with one another. With respect to embodiments where snap-fit engagement is also provided, bolt “B” and nut “N” need not be utilized, but may, if so desired. 
     Continuing with reference to  FIG. 35 , first and second post components  312 ,  314  each further defines one or more sets of apertures  325 ,  327 , respectively, which may be configured to align with one another upon engagement of first and second post components  312 ,  314 . Each post component  312 ,  314  may include multiple sets of aperture  325 ,  327 , which may be located at various positions along the length thereof. For example, first sets of aperture  325 ,  327  may be disposed at the upper ends of first and second post components  312 ,  314 , second sets of apertures  325 ,  327  may be disposed towards but spaced-apart from the upper ends of first and second post components  312 ,  314 , and/or third sets of apertures  325 ,  327  may be disposed towards but spaced-apart from the lower ends of first and second post components  312 ,  314  (see  FIGS. 43, 45, and 47 ). 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 35 , each set of apertures  325 ,  327  of the first and second post components  312 ,  314 , respectively, includes three apertures  326   a,    326   b,    326   c  and  328   a,    328   b,    328   c  disposed in vertical registration with one another. However, it is also contemplated that other suitable arrangements be provided, e.g., different numbers of apertures and/or different orientations thereof such as horizontal registration. One or more of the aperture  326   a,    326   b,    326   c  and  328   a,    328   b,    328   c  of each of the first and second post components  312 ,  314 , respectively, is configured to receive a screw “S” therethrough, wherein the heads of the screws “S” are disposed on the inwardly-facing sides of first and second post components  312 ,  314 , respectively, and the shanks of the screws “S” extend through first and second post components  312 ,  314  and outwardly from the outwardly-facing sides thereof. As detailed below, such a configuration enables engagement of screws “S” with intermediate rails  330 , end rails  350 , and/or other suitable rails. Pockets  329  surrounding sets of apertures  325 ,  327  may be defined within one or more of ribs  320 ,  322  of first and second post components  312 ,  314  to accommodate the heads of screws “S” when first and second post components  312 ,  314  are engaged with one another. Pockets  329  my be a feature that is molded into the first and second post components  312 ,  314  or may be created by removing of a portion (e.g., by a machining operation) of one or more ribs as can be seen in  FIG. 35 . 
     Turning to  FIGS. 35 and 36 , each rail component configured for use with hand railing assembly  300 , e.g., intermediate rails  330 , end rails  350 , and curved connector rails  370 , includes a tube segment of similar configuration and is configured to engage post assemblies  310  in a similar manner. Thus, although described in detail below with respect to intermediate rails  330 , it is understood that the following applied similarly to end rails  350  and curved connector rails  370 , except as specifically contradicted hereinbelow. Further, although detailed and illustrated herein as being circular in cross-section, the tube segments may alternatively define oval, square, or other suitable cross-sectional configurations, depending upon a particular purpose. 
     Intermediate rails  330  each include an outer tube  332  defining a hollow interior  334  extending longitudinally therethrough and a web  336  disposed within hollow interior  334 . Each intermediate rail  330  may be monolithically formed as a single piece of material, e.g., via extrusion or other suitable process. Web  336  extends across hollow interior  334  and is connected with outer tube  332 , on an inner surface of outer tube  322 , at opposing ends of web  336 . Web  336  defines a plate-like portion  338  and a set of c-shaped channels  340  disposed on plate-like portion  338 . For example, the set of c-shaped channels  340  may include three (3) aligned c-shaped channels  342 ,  344 ,  346 , although other suitable configurations and/or numbers of channels are also contemplated. C-shaped channels  342 ,  344 ,  346  define screw bosses  343 ,  345 ,  347 , respectively, of appropriate dimensions to enable receipt of the shanks of the screws “S” engaged with post assembly  310 , as detailed below. C-shaped channels  324 ,  344 ,  346  may share walls with adjacent C-shaped channels  324 ,  344 ,  346 . Instead of C-shaped channels  342 ,  344 ,  346 , other suitable structure forming screw bosses  343 ,  345 ,  347  for the receipt of the shanks of the screws “S” or other fasteners are also contemplated. The C-shaped channels  342 ,  344 ,  346 , may be positioned adjacent to or remote from the outer tube  322 . In some applications it may be desirable to space the C-shaped channels  342 ,  344 ,  346  away from the outer tube  322  enough e.g., on web  336 ) so that the heads of the screws “S” will be hidden from view in the final assembly (e.g., at the top of the post assemblies  310 ). In this way the pocket  329  will have ribs  320 ,  322  on all four sides (e.g., above, below, right side and left side) as can be seen in  FIG. 35 . This configuration will allow the screws “S” to be obscured from view in the final assembly as can be seen in  FIG. 29 . 
     Plate-like portion  338  of web  336  may extend across hollow interior  334  of outer tube  332  at a position off-center therefrom such that the c-shaped channels  342 ,  344 ,  346  may be centered or positioned on a center line relative to outer tube  332 , e.g., aligned on a diameter thereof. Additionally or alternatively, plate-like portion  338  of web  336  may be aligned on the neutral plane of outer tube  332 , as detailed below with respect to end rails  350  ( FIGS. 37-39 ). 
     Referring again to  FIGS. 28, 29, and 34-36 , in order to couple intermediate rails  330  to one another in end-to-end fashion with post assemblies  310  disposed therebetween, the generally flat surface  316  of the first post component  312  is abutted against the end of one of the intermediate rails  330  such that one set of apertures  325  of first post component  312  is aligned with the set of c-shaped channels  340  of the intermediate rail  330 . Thereafter, one or more screws “S” may be inserted through one or more apertures  326   a,    326   b,    326   c  of the set of apertures  325  and into engagement within the aligned c-shaped channels  342 ,  344 ,  346  of the set of c-shaped channels  340  to engage first post component  312  with the intermediate rail  330 . The particular number of screws “S” utilized may depend on a particular purpose or preference. For example, two screws “S” may be utilized and engaged with the outer apertures  326   a,    326   c  and outer c-shaped channels  342 ,  346  (as illustrated), a single center screw “S” may be utilized, three screws “S” may be utilized, etc. 
     Next, the generally flat surface  318  of the second post component  314  is abutted against the end of the other intermediate rail  330  such that one set of apertures  327  of second post component  314  is aligned with the set of c-shaped channels  340  of the intermediate rail  330  and screws “S” are inserted therethrough to engage second post component  314  with the intermediate rail  330 , similarly as detailed above. Once first and second post components  312 ,  314  are each engaged with one of the intermediate rails  330 , the first and second post components  312 ,  324  may be engaged with one another, as detailed above, to thereby couple intermediate rails  330  to one another in end-to-end fashion with the post assembly  310 . 
     Intermediates rails  330  may be provided singularly between post assemblies  310 , in pairs, e.g., as illustrated in  FIGS. 25-27 , wherein each pair of intermediate rails  330  includes upper and lower closely-spaced intermediate rails  330  extending generally parallel to one another between post assemblies  310  or as illustrated in  FIGS. 40-47  wherein each pair of intermediate rails  330  includes upper and lower further-spaced intermediate rails  330  extending generally parallel to one another between post assemblies  310 , or maybe provided in sets of any suitable number. 
     Turning now to  FIGS. 37-39 , an end rail  350  is illustrated including a curved configuration such that first and second ends  351   a,    351   b  of the end rail  350  are oriented in similar directions. Plate-like portion  358  of web  356  of end rail  350  may be aligned on the neutral plane “NP-NP” of outer tube  332 . The neutral plane “NP-NP” is the plane in which a tube, when loaded by a bending force, is not under stress. The material on one side of the neutral plane “NP-NP” (the outer portion of the bend) is in tension as a result of the bending force, and the material on the other side of the neutral plane “NP-NP” (the inner portion of the bend) is in compression as a result of the bending force. Providing the plate-like portion  358  of the web  356  on the neutral plane “NP-NP” eliminates stress from being imparted thereto despite the bend in the end rail  350 . Indeed, providing a plate-like portion of the web on any curved component, e.g., end rail  350  or curved connector rail  370 , reduces stress therein, as detailed above, regardless of the particular curve configuration. End rails  350  may define any suitable shape, bend angle, or other configuration. Referring to  FIG. 40 , hand railing assembly  300  is shown including a pair of curved connector rails  370  connected to adjacent intermediate rails  330  via post assemblies  310 . Curved connector rails  370  may define any suitable bend angle, e.g.,  30 ,  45 ,  60 ,  90 , or  180  degrees, depending on a particular purpose. 
     In some configurations, the intermediate rails  330 , end rails  350 , and curved connector rails  370  are initially formed from the same component and thereafter bent and/or cut to achieve the desired configuration. 
     With reference to  FIGS. 41 and 42 , pivoting connectors  390  are illustrated. Each pivoting connector  390  includes first and second tube segments  392 ,  394  interconnected by a pivot joint  396 . One or more screw shanks “SSS” extends from each of the first and second tube segments  392 ,  394  to enable attachment of the pivoting connector  390  to an intermediate rail  330  or other rail component at either end thereof, e.g., via engagement of each screw shank “SSS” within one of the c-shaped channels  342 ,  344 ,  346  of the web  336  of the intermediate rail  330  or other rail component. Pivoting connectors  390  enable of the components on either side thereof after-assembly, to achieve a desired configuration. 
     Turning to  FIGS. 43-47 , any of the rail components such as, for example, intermediate rails  330  may include attachment features to enable attachment of, e.g., spindles  700  or obstruction panels  800 . More specifically, spaced-apart aperture  710  may be defined within upper and lower intermediate rails  330  to enable receipt of a plurality of spaced-apart spindles  700  therebetween. Additionally or alternatively, channels  810  recessed into the exterior surface of outer tubes  332  (formed therein during extrusion of the intermediate rails) of upper and lower intermediate rails  330  may be provided for receipt of an obstruction panel  800 , e.g., a sheet of glass, metal, plywood, metal, plastic, etc. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 48 , any of the rail components such as, for example, intermediate rails  330 , end rails  350 , and curved connector rails  370  (as illustrated) may include features such as a projection surface  900  for example a rib, web or fin, extending therefrom, which may also be formed during extrusion, may be attached to the curved connector rail  370  in any suitable manner, or may be otherwise formed. The projection surface  900  may be disposed on the neutral plane of intermediate rails  330 , end rails  350 , and curved connector rail  370 , providing a similar benefit when it comes to bending the rail component, as detailed above. Rail components which include such a projection  900  enable spindles  700  and/or obstructions  800  to be attached directly to the projection  900 . Although, rail components which include such a projection  900  may also include features, such as apertures and/or channels, to enable spindles  700  and/or obstructions  800  to be attached in the manner detailed above. 
     From the foregoing and with reference to the various drawing figures, those skilled in the art will appreciate that certain modifications can also be made to the present disclosure without departing from the scope of the same. While several embodiments of the disclosure have been shown in the drawings, it is not intended that the disclosure be limited thereto, as it is intended that the disclosure be as broad in scope as the art will allow and that the specification be read likewise. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of particular embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto.