Patent Publication Number: US-2006007724-A1

Title: Double-cell memory device

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION  
      This application claims the priority benefits of U.S. provisional application titled” “DOUBLE-CELL MEMORY DEVICE” filed on Feb. 3, 2004, Ser. No. 60/541,611. All disclosure of this application is incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
      1. Field of Invention  
      The present invention relates to flash memory. More particularly, the present invention relates to a double-cell flash memory.  
      2. Description of Related Art  
      Non-volatile memory device, such as flash memory device, allows multiple times erase and program operation inside system. As a result, flash memory is suitable to many of advance hand-held digital equipments, including solid state disks, cellar phones, digital cameras, digital movie cameras, digital voice recorders, and PDA, that are demanding a low-cost, high-density, low-power-consumption, highly reliable file memory.  
      Conventionally, flash memory is characterized into two cell structures, in which one is double poly NAND type memory cell with Poly 1  as a floating gate to store charges, and the other one is the single poly SONOS cell with SiN as storage node, wherein ONO represent the dielectric stack layer of oxide/nitride/oxide (O/N/O). FIGS.  1 A- 1 B are cross-sectional views, schematically illustrating conventional stack gate NAND flash memory cell. In  FIG. 1A , the conventional NAND flash includes numerous strings of series connected N-channel transistor. For one memory cell, it has the control gate  110  and the floating gate  112  stacked together. The control gates are respectively connected to the word lines WL 0 , WL 1 , . . . . The selection transistor  106  and  108  are used to select a memory block. One source/drain (S/D) region of the selection transistor  106  is coupled to the corresponding bit line, while the S/D region of the selection transistor  108  is coupled to a voltage source Vss, which usually is a ground voltage. The memory cells are formed in a triple-well  104 . Since the memory device a CMOS device with logic part, the triple-well  104  is also within a deep N-well  102 , which is formed in the P-type substrate  100 .  
       FIG. 1B  is the cross-sectional structure along the word line direction with respect to  FIG. 1A . The shallow trench isolation (STI)  116  structures are between cells. However, due to the necessary of alignment, the floating gate  112  has an overlap region  118  with the STI  116 . The cause additional cell size by for example about 0.5 F. Here, F known by the ordinal skilled artisans represents the minimum size, such as critical dimension. The cell size for the conventional cell structure is 2.5F×2.0F.  
      The operation of NAND Flash utilizes channel FN programming and erase as shown in  FIGS. 2A-2B . The threshold Vth is used to store the binary data. In  FIG. 2A , the programming process is to bring a negative threshold value to the positive threshold value. The reverse direction is for the erase operation.  
      In  FIG. 2B , according to the FN tunneling mechanism, when cell content is erased, the world line is applied a ground voltage while the TPW is applied with a positive voltage. As a result, electrons in the floating gate  120  are ejected to the substrate. When the programming operation is performed, the S/D region is applied a ground voltage while the world line is applied a positive voltage Vpp. As a result, the electrons are injected into the floating gate by tunneling effect. The operation is known by the skilled artisans, and is not further described.  
      For another design of SONOS type flash memory, the device operation of SONOS cell is adopted channel hot carrier programming and band-to-band (B-B) hot hole erase. Cell size of SONOS cell is around 4F 2 . However the reliability of SONOS cell is very sensitivity to hot electron and hot hole stress during program and erase operation.  FIG. 3A  is a drawing, schematically illustrating the content distribution of the memory cells with O/N/O dielectric layer design.  FIG. 3B  is a drawing, schematically illustrating the operation mechanism for the memory cell with O/N/O dielectric layer design. In  FIG. 3B , the gate dielectric layer is an ONO structure layer  122 , in which the nitride layer serves as the storage layer.  
      For the programming operation, the one S/D region  126  is grounded, and the other S/D region is coupled to the bit line (BL) with a voltage V D , and the word line  124  is applied with a higher voltage. The hot electrons are tunneled into the nitride layer. When the erase operation is performed, the word line is applied with a negative voltage and bit line is applied with positive voltage. As a result, the B-B hot holes are injected into the nitride layer to annihilate with the trapped electrons. The operation mechanism is also known by the skilled artisans and is not further described.  
      Based on the programming and erase mechanism, the conventional stack gate NAND flash memory is designed as shown in  FIG. 4A  and  FIG. 4B .  FIG. 1A  also shows the cross-sectional structure. In  FIG. 4A , the gates SGD and SGS are two selection gates to select the memory block. One S/D regions  130  (dotted) beside the gate SGD is coupled to the bit line BL 0 , BL 1 , . . . BLn by the plug structures  132 . One S/D region  130  beside the selection gate SGS is coupled to the source line  134  through the plug structures  136 . There also are doped source region  130  in the substrate beside the world lines WL 0 , WL 1 , . . . WLn, which are also the gates of the transistors for the memory cells. The equivalent circuit structure is shown in  FIG. 4B .  
      It should be noted that, the cell size is in the conventional cell array is 2F×2.5F=5 F 2 . The operation for the NAND string cell have eight NMOS Flash cell in series is for example shown in Table 1. The disadvantage of prior art for the stack gate NAND Flash at least that the cell size of prior invention is closely to 5F 2  that is limited by Floating Gate overlap Active. The SONOS Flash has the disadvantages at least that cell reliability is strongly affected by hot electron and hole stress during program and erase operation respectively.  
               TABLE 1                          Device operation of conventional NAND Flash memory cell.                                                     Program                       Program   (non-           NODE   ERASE   (selected)   selected)   Read                       BL   FG   GND   VCC   IV           SGD   FG   VCC   VCC   VCC           WL0   GND   1/2VPP   1/2VPP   VCC           WL1   GND   1/2VPP   1/2VPP   VCC           WL2   GND   1/2VPP   1/2VPP   VCC           WL3   GND   1/2VPP   1/2VPP   VCC           WL4   GND   1/2VPP   1/2VPP   VCC           WL5   GND   VPP   VPP   GND           (selected WL)           WL6   GND   1/2VPP   1/2VPP   VCC           WL7   GND   1/2VPP   1/2VPP   VCC           SGS   FG   GND   GND   VCC           VS   FG   GND   GND   GND           P-WELL   VPP   GND   GND   GND                      
 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
      The invention provides a double-cell memory device, which save the source/drain regions of a conventional memory cell. Instead, additional gates are formed on the substrate corresponding to the locations of the conventional source/drain regions. When one gate is selected, the other gates are applied a pass voltage to allow the two source/drain regions to extend to the side of the selected gate.  
      The invention provides a cell string structure of double-cell memory device with respect to a bit line. The cell string structure comprises a first doped region and a second doped region in a substrate, and a plurality of gate structures in a string, formed on the substrate between the first doped region and the second doped region. Wherein, at least a portion of the gate structures serves as a memory cell. the gate structures is separately coupled to a word line. In this structure, for example, when the first doped region and the second doped region are respectively applied a first voltage and a second voltage, and a selected gate of the gate structures is applied with a third voltage, then the other gate structures are applied a pass voltage, so that the first doped region and the second doped region in the substrate extend to each side of the selected gate.  
      In another aspect, the present invention further comprises a first selection MOS transistor and a second selection MOS transistor. The first selection MOS transistor has a first source/drain region coupled to the bit line and a second source/drain region serving as the first doped region. The second selection MOS transistor has a first source/drain region coupled to a system voltage source Vss and a second source/drain region serving as the second doped region.  
      The invention also provides a layout of a double-cell memory device. The layout comprises a plurality of gate structure lines, adjacently disposed over a substrate along a direction, wherein at least a portion of the gate structure lines have memory function. A plurality of first doped regions is in the substrate at a side of a first line of the gate structure lines. A plurality of second doped regions is in the substrate at a side of a last line of the gate structure lines, wherein the first doped regions and the second doped regions respectively for a plurality of pairs of doped region with respect to a plurality of bit lines.  
      It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary, and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
      The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.  
       FIGS. 1A-1B  are cross-sectional views, schematically illustrating a conventional semiconductor structure of a NAND flash memory.  
       FIG. 2A  is a drawing, schematically illustrating the content distribution of the memory cells with floating gate in stack-gate design.  
       FIG. 2B  is a drawing, schematically illustrating the operation mechanism for the memory cell with floating gate in stack-gate design.  
       FIG. 3A  is a drawing, schematically illustrating the content distribution of the memory cells with O/N/O dielectric layer design of NOR type SONOS device.  
       FIG. 3B  is a drawing, schematically illustrating the operation mechanism for the memory cell of SONOS memory cell.  
       FIG. 4A  is a top view, schematically illustrating the conventional stack gate NAND flash memory.  
       FIG. 4B  is a drawing, schematically illustrating a circuit for the conventional NAND flash memory with respect to  FIG. 4A .  
       FIG. 5  is a perspective view, schematically illustrating a structure of the memory device, according to an embodiment of the invention.  
       FIGS. 6A-6C  are cross-sectional views in two directions, schematically illustrating the semiconductor structure for the memory device, according to an embodiment of the invention.  
       FIG. 7  is a drawing, schematically illustrating a content distribution for the memory device, according to an embodiment of the invention.  
       FIGS. 8A-8C  are drawings, schematically illustrating the operation mechanism of the memory function, according to an embodiment of the invention.  
       FIG. 9  is a drawing, schematically illustrating a content distribution for the memory device, according to another embodiment of the invention.  
       FIGS. 10A-10C  are drawings, schematically illustrating the operation mechanism of the memory function, according to another embodiment of the invention.  
       FIG. 11A  is a top view, schematically illustrating the double-cell memory device memory device, according to another embodiment of the invention.  
       FIG. 11B  is a drawing, schematically illustrating the circuit for the double-cell memory device in  FIG. 11A , according to another embodiment of the invention.  
       FIG. 11C  is a cross-sectional view, schematically illustrating an alternative structure with respect to the circuit in  FIG. 11B .  
       FIGS. 12-18  are cross-sectional views, schematically illustrating various designs, according to another embodiment of the invention.  
       FIGS. 19A-19B  are cross-sectional views, schematically illustrating another design in Stack Gate NAND cell, according to another embodiment of the invention.  
       FIGS. 20A-20B  are circuit diagrams, schematically illustrating the operation with respect to  FIGS. 19A-19B .  
       FIGS. 21A-21H  are cross-sectional views, schematically illustrating the fabrication process with respect to the structure in  FIG. 19A . 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
      The invention provides a nonvolatile memory device, such as flash memory. The flash memory can further, for example, be a double-cell memory device, which save the source/drain regions of a conventional memory cell. Instead, additional gates are formed on the substrate corresponding to the locations of the conventional source/drain regions. When one gate is selected, the other gates are applied a pass voltage to allow the two source/drain regions to extend to the side of the selected gate.  
      In other words, a double poly electrically programmable SONOS Flash memory with NAND cell structure is disclosed as an example. The memory device includes many of NAND cells blocks. Every NAND cell blocks include two groups of NAND SONOS memory cells in series that are named as SONOS-P 1  and SONOS-P 2 . Each of NAND cells block has a Drain selection transistor (SDG) for the corresponding BL, a series array of SONOS-P 1 /SONOS-P 2 , and a Source selection transistor to the corresponding Source line. Each SONOS cell consisted of a control gate and ONO film structure, where the SIN acts as storage node to store electron or hole for cell of “0” and “1” state respectively. SONOS-P 2  cells will act as Pass Gate transistor during Program/Read operation of SONOS-P 1 . On the other hand SONOS-P 1  cells serves as the pass-gate transistor for operation of SONOS-P 2 . Erase operation is performed by whole array F-N erase.  
      Above, from the practical operation point of view, the cell SONOS-P 1  and the cell SONOS-P 2  are used to distinguish the poly 1  gate from the poly 2  gate. The poly 2  gate is located above the position for the conventional S/D regions. In the invention the S/D doped regions are saved. Actually, it is not necessary to group the cells into SONOS-P 1  and the cell SONOS-P 2  (see  FIG. 5 ), as to be described in better details. For example, if there are 64 gates, then it can be adapted into 64 word lines, or adapted into 32 word lines with one word line having double cells. The later arrangement with double-cell is taken as the example for descriptions but not for the limitation.  
      In order to at least get smaller cell size and perform good reliability, a new compact NAND-type Flash Memory cell, such as double-cell structure, is proposed in the invention.  FIG. 5  is a perspective view, schematically illustrating a structure of the memory device, according to an embodiment of the invention. In  FIG. 5 , the newly proposed double NAND Cell structure is adopted in the NAND Type array architecture. Each of NAND cells block, for example, include 2 groups of SONOS cells in series. One group (SONOS-P 1 ) is corresponding to the usual polysilicon gate poly 1   504 . Another group (SONOS-P 2 ) is corresponding to the gates poly 2   506  above the conventional S/D doped regions. The S/D doped regions between the word lines or the gates  504  and  506  are saved in the invention. In other words, one cell has a double-cell structure. However, the arrangement of double-cell is for practical operation for multiple programming flash memory. In general, it is not necessary to distinguish the gates of poly 1  and poly 2 . The gates poly 1   504  and poly 2   506  can be used by a sequential word lines. In  FIG. 5 , the cell structure has the ONO dielectric layer  508  as the example. The cell size is (2F×2F)/2=2F 2 . Here, since the S/D region is bot pre-formed in the substrate, 0.5F for the alignment (see  FIG. 1A ) is further saved.  
       FIGS. 6A-6C  are cross-sectional views in two directions, schematically illustrating the semiconductor structure for the memory device, according to an embodiment of the invention. In  FIG. 6A , a cross-sectional semiconductor structure along the bit line direction is shown. The selection transistor  500  with the selection gate SGD and the selection transistor  502  with the selection gate SGS are located on both sides. Several gates corresponding to the word lines WL 0 -P 1 , WL 0 -P 2 , WL 1 -P 1 , WL 1 -P 2 , . . . , are located between the selection transistors  500 ,  502 . The selection transistors are used to select the memory block, which is to be described in  FIG. 11B . The memory cell are, for example, N-type MOS devices formed on a P-type well (triple P-well, TP-well). The S/D region is the N+ doped region. One S/D region serving as the drain region is coupled to the bit line BL, while the S/D region beside the selection gate SGS, serving as the source region, is coupled to the source line with the voltage VS.  
      In the invention, the operation mechanism is described as follows. The selection transistors  500 ,  502  are to provide the source region and the drain region. However, in the invention, the doped S/D region between the word lines are saved. As the foregoing description, the world lines with P 2  are corresponding to the conventional S/D regions. Once one cell with respect to one word line, such as WL 0 -P 2 , is selected, the other gates are applied with a pass voltage to allow the S/D region to extend to each side of the gate WL 0 -P 2 . Here, the pass voltage has the similar function of the turn-on voltage on the gate for the usual MOS transistor, so as to create the channel region under the gate. In this manner, the channel region and the S/D region are joined together as a large junction region. In other words, the other gates serve as the passing gates for passing the S/D regions. In  FIG. 6A , the memory cell is a SONOS cell as the example with the ONO dielectric layer  508  for storing the binary data.  FIG. 6B  and  FIG. 6C  are the cross-sectional views along the word lines for WL-P 1  and WL-P 2 .  
      For this kind of memory cell, the binary data is stored by the threshold voltage V TH  as shown in  FIG. 7 . For example, the lower threshold value, such as the negative threshold value, represents the binary 1. The higher threshold value represent the binary data “0”. However, the actual definition for “1” and “0” can be reversed with respect to  FIG. 7 .  
       FIGS. 8A-8C  are drawings, schematically illustrating the operation mechanism of the memory function. The operation of the memory basically includes programming, erasing, and reading. In  FIG. 8A , when the memory is to be erased, all word lines can be applied a low voltage, such as a ground voltage GND, while the substrate is applied with a higher voltage Vpp. In this manner, the holes in the region  600  of the substrate are injected into the nitride layer of the ONO layer  508 , so as to annihilate with the trapped electrons. The cells are cleared. For the flash memory, the whole block is usually eased at the same time.  
      In  FIG. 8B , when the cell is to be programmed, the word line for the selected cell is applied with voltage VPP, and the other word lines are applied by the pass voltage. Here, the word lines are also the gate lines. As foregoing descriptions in  FIG. 6A , the source region and the drain region can be extended to the sides of the selected word line WL. Since the selected word line WL is also applied with the voltage VPP, the junction region  602  in the substrate is created. Due to the electric-field force produced from the voltage VPP and the ground substrate, the electrons in the junction region  602  are injected into the nitride layer of the ONO layer  508 . Then the trapped electrons change the threshold voltage for storing one binary data.  
      In  FIG. 8C , when the cell is to be read, the gate (word line) for the cell to be read is applied to a low voltage, such as the ground voltage. The other gates (word lines) are applied with a voltage Vcc, so as to extend the S/D region to the side of the gate (word line WL). Based on whether or not the nitride layer has trapped electrons causing the difference of the threshold level, the binary data is read out. The operation voltages depending on the actual operation is, for example, listed in Table 2.  
      Alternatively, the ONO layer  508  as shown in  FIGS. 8A-8C  can be continuous.  FIG. 9  shows the threshold relation for storing the binary data, and is similar to  FIG. 7 .  FIGS. 10A-10C  are also similar to  FIGS. 8A-8C  but the ONO layer  508 ′ is continuous through the cells. In this situation, the electrons trapped in the nitride layer under the corresponding gate may be not so localized as done in  FIGS. 8A-8C . However, it does not significantly affect the read operation to read the correct data.  
      For the layout of the memory device, the structure can be arranged as shown in  FIG. 11A  with the equivalent circuit  FIG. 11B . In  FIG. 11A , the memory cells are arranged into a two-dimensional array. Several cells in string are arranged to the same bit line BL 0 , BL 1 , . . . BLn. Taking the cell string belonging to one bit line as the example for description. One bit line BL 0  is coupled to the doped region  801  beside the selection gate SGD, serving as the drain region. The other doped region, serving as another S/D region, is located another side of the selection gate SGD. It is similar for the selection transistor with the selection gate SGS. However, one S/D region is coupled to the source line through the plug  802 . In other words, the selection transistors also provide the S/D region for the memory cells. The memory cells has no S/D region.  
      Continuously, several gate lines, that are, world lines WL 0 -P 1 , WL 0 -P 2 , WL 1 -P 1 , WL 1 -P 2 , . . . W 15 -P 1 , WL 15 -P 1 , are adjacently arranged together. Here, 16 word lines in two group are taken as the example. It is not necessary to be limited the number of 16. The cross-sectional view along the bit line direction is shown in  FIG. 6A . The word lines in P 1  group is alternating positioned with the word lines in P 2  group. For example, for word line WL 0 , there are two cells in P 1  and P 2 , called double-cell. However, the two groups, each with 16 word, can also be treated as 32 word lines in sequence. This is depending on the actual operation. For the double-cell structure, the driving circuit (not shown) can be design to select the WL 0 -P 1  or WL 0 -P 2  without problem. In other words, the S/D regions for the typical MOS transistor are saved in the invention. Instead, the pass gates are formed.  
      In  FIG. 11B  as one example, each word line has two cells by P 1  and P 2 . The conventional S/D electrode between the word lines can be saved. Once one word line is selected, the other word lines serves as the pass gates to extend or pass the S/D regions from the selection gate to the gates adjacent to both sides of the selected gate. In this situation the cell size is reduced to about half, such as (2F×2F)/2=2F 2 . Here, since the alignment with the STI is not necessary, it can for example further reduce 0.5F as mentioned in  FIG. 1B .  
      For the example in  FIG. 11B , the operation voltages for erase, program, and read are for example listed in Table 2.  
               TABLE 2                          Device operation of Double NAND Flash memory cell.       For example, NAND string cell have two groups       (SONOS-P1, SONOS-P2) of SONOS NAND cells, and       each group has four SONOS Flash cells.                                                     Program                       Program   (non-           NODE   ERASE   (selected)   selected)   Read                       BL   FG   GND   VCC   IV           SGD   FG   VCC   VCC   VCC           SONOS -   GND   Vpass   Vpass   VCC           P1 -WL0           SONOS -   GND   Vpass   Vpass   VCC           P2 -WL0           SONOS -   GND   Vpass   Vpass   VCC           P1 -WL1           SONOS -   GND   Vpass   Vpass   VCC           P2 -WL1           SONOS -   GND   VPP   VPP   GND           P1 -WL2           (selected WL)           SONOS -   GND   Vpass   Vpass   VCC           P2 -WL2           SONOS -   GND   Vpass   Vpass   VCC           P1 -WL3           SONOS -   GND   Vpass   Vpass   VCC           P2 -WL3           SGS   FG   GND   GND   VCC           VS   FG   GND   GND   GND           P-WELL   VPP   GND   GND   GND                         Note:                for example, VPP value is from 8 to 20 V. Vpass value is from VCC to 12 V             
 
      Referring to  FIG. 6A ,  FIG. 11A , and  FIG. 11B , for the erase Operation, the block erase or whole chip erase is performed by applying a high voltage VPP on TP-well and DN-well, and keeping all of the word lines of SONOS-P 1  and SONOS-P 2  to a ground voltage GND. Bit line BL, Source line, SGD and SGS are in Floating or VPP that can prevent high electric field from crossing gate and S/D junction of selection transistor region. While the high electric filed is across the ONO layer of the SONOS cell, it causes the F-N hole injection from the substrate through the bottom tunnel oxide into SiN storage node, and causing cell threshold voltage down to negative value that is defined as “1” state, for example.  
      Alternative way of erase operation is negative gate erasing by applying negative voltage on control gate, and all of the others terminal GND.  
      For the program operation, in which the SONOS-P 1  cell is to be programmed as the example, byte or page programming and program verification is applied on the selected cell. The high voltage VPP is applied to the selected word line of SONOS-P 1 , the other unselected WL&#39;s of SONO-P 1  and word lines of SONO-P 2  are performing as the pass gate transistor (biased to Vpass) to pass BL voltage (GND) to the channel of selected program cell. A high electric filed then exits on ONO film of programmed cell to induce the F-N electrons, tunneling from the substrate into nitride storage node. The threshold voltage of the program cell therefore increases to the positive value that is defined as “0” state, for example.  
      In regarding to the program disturbance, the same WL of program inhibit cells can be alleviated from the program disturbance because of the unselected BL voltage is held at VCC that will pass to the channel of program inhibited cell. This program inhibited cell can prevent word line disturbance. On the other hand, program inhibited cells in the same BL can prevent program disturb due to the gate voltage Vpass that does not cause electron tunnel through tunnel oxide.  
      For the read operation, in which the SONOS-P 1  cell is to be programmed as the example, the selected bit line BL is applied to a relative low voltage, such as about 1V. The selected word line of the selected cell, such as SONOS-P 1  cell, is held at a low voltage, such as ground voltage GND, while the other word line of un-selected cells of SONOS-P 1  cells and SONOS-P 2  cells are biased at pass voltage, such as VCC, and the source is, for example grounded to GND.  
      The operation voltages can be changed according to the actual design. With the same design aspect, it is not necessary to be limited to the SONOS memory cell.  FIG. 11C  shows the alternative memory cells with the stack-gate design. The equivalent circuit is also shown in  FIG. 11B , but the memory function is provided by the floating gate  800 . In this situation, the operation voltages may change but the storing mechanism is understandable for the ordinary skilled artisans.  
      With the same operation mechanism, the memory cells can include both the stack-gate cells and the SONOS cells as shown in  FIG. 12  and  FIG. 13 . In  FIG. 12 , the equivalent circuit is the same. However, for example, the group P 1  is in stack-gate cells while the group P 2  is in SONOS cells. In  FIG. 13 , for example, the group P 1  is in SONOS cells while the group P 2  is in stack-gate cells. Preferably, the group P 1  and the group P 2  are alternatively disposed but the invention is not limited to this arrangement. In this design, the operation voltages on the selected gate and the un-selected gates may be different but the feature of pass gate still exits.  
      For another design of the memory array, it is not necessary to use all of the gates for memory function. In general, it may be sufficient to use at least a potion of the gates for memory function. In this situation, the gate not for memory function can be a simple gate structure with a gate electrode and a single gate dielectric layer on the substrate. In  FIG. 14 , the gates  810  in group P 1  can be the usual gate structure with the gate dielectric layer  812  between the gate  810  and the substrate P-sub. The gate  810  are used for pass gate. The gates in group P 2  are the SONOS gates, used for memory function. In  FIG. 15 , The group P 1  and the group P 2  are reversed, then the group P 1  is used for memory function. Again, it is not necessary that the group p 1  and the group P 2  are alternatively disposed.  
      Alternatively, the SONOS gates in  FIGS. 14 and 15  can be replaced by the stack gate structure with the floating gate  800 . In  FIG. 16 , the SONOS gate structures for the group P 2  in  FIG. 14  are replaced with the stack gate structure. In  FIG. 17 , the SONOS gate structures for the group P 1  in  FIG. 15  are replaced with the stack gate structures.  
      Alternatively, in semiconductor structure, the same circuit can be equivalently designed with the N-type MOS device or the P-type MOS device. The difference is the operation voltages. For the invention, the semiconductor structure, for example in  FIG. 6A , can be changed into the PMOS design as shown in  FIG. 18 . The electric type of the semiconductor is reversed. In this situation, the operation voltages are different, but the features of pass gate still remain. The semiconductor structures in  FIGS. 12-17  are NMOS devices formed on the P-type well. However, the NMOS devices can be changed into the PMOS devices. Then the operation voltages are accordingly changed and should be known by the ordinary skilled artisans, so as to accordingly change the threshold values for storing binary data.  
      Alternatively, for the stack-gate NAND cell, the actual design and operation are shown in  FIGS. 19A-19B  and  FIGS. 20A-20B . In  FIG. 19A , the structure is similar to the structure in  FIG. 16  but the selection gate has modified without an actual transistor or an additional doped region. For the operation, if the indicated cell with respect to word line WL 1  and bit line BL 1  is to be accessed as an example shown in  FIG. 20A , the operation voltages for the situation in  FIG. 19A  and  FIG. 20A  are listed in Table 3. In this design, it should be noted that the selection gate SG 1  is applied by the voltage just above the threshold voltage VT, while all the word lines are applied with the relative higher voltage VPP. In this situation, the ground voltage GND is passed to the position under the selection gate SG 1 . The programming voltage VPGM from the source VS is passed to the position under the selected word line WL 1 . In this situation, since the voltage VT is much smaller than the voltage of VPGM, a strong electric filed is created at the gape, then electrons are injected into the floating gate of the stack gate WL 1 .  
               TABLE 3                          Device operation of NAND Flash memory       cell with split gate structure.                                             Program-1               NODE   ERASE   (selected)   Read                       BL   FG   GND   VBL           SGS   FG   VPASS   VCC           Selected WL   VNG/GND   VPP   GND/VR           Un-selected WL   GND   VPP   VCC           Selected SG   FG   VT   VCC           Un-selected SG   FG   VPASS   VCC           Un-selected BL   FG   GND   GND           VS   FG   VPGM   GND           TP-WELL   VPW   GND   GND                         Note:                VPP value is from 8 to 16 V.                VPASS value is around 5-12 V.                VPGM is from 3 to 8 V.                VBL is from 0.6 to 2 V                VT is threshold voltage of select gate device, such as about 1 V.                VNG is from −3 to −12 V.                VPW is from 6 to 20 V.                VR is 0 to 2 V.             
 
      Alternatively, since the structure is symmetric, the operational direction can be reversed, as shown in  FIG. 19B  and  FIG. 20B . In  FIG. 19B  and  FIG. 20B , the bit line BL 1  is applied by the voltage VPGM wile the source VS is applied by the ground voltage GND. The selection gate SG 2  is now at the voltage of VT. The operation voltages are listed in Table 4.  
               TABLE 4                          Device operation of NAND Flash memory       cell with split gate structure.                                             Program-2               NODE   ERASE   (selected)   Read                       BL   FG   VPGM   VBL           SGS   FG   VPASS   VCC           Selected WL   −VNG/GND   VPP   GND/VR           Un-selected WL   GND   VPP   VCC           Selected SG   FG   VT   VCC           Un-selected SG   FG   VPASS   VCC           Un-selected BL   FG   GND   GND           VS   FG   GND   GND           TP-WELL   VPW   GND   GND                      
 
      The design in  FIGS. 19A-19B  also uses the selection gate to control the access. As a result, it has been sufficient with two doped regions. Further still, in better general, the selection gate SGS neat to the VS terminal can be further omitted without affecting the features of the invention. In other words, it has been sufficient to have the selection gat SGO near the bit line.  
       FIGS. 21A-21H  are cross-sectional views, schematically illustrating the fabrication process with respect to the structure in  FIG. 19A . In  FIG. 21A , a substrate  1000  has the D-type well (DNW)  1002 , and the T-type well (TPW)  1004 . A tunnel oxide layer  1006  is formed over the substrate  1000  with a thickness of, for example, about 6 nm-110 nm. The tunneling oxide layer is used to allow electrons to tunnel through under the F-N operation. A polysilicon layer  1008  is formed over the tunneling oxide layer  1006  with a thickness of for example about 800-1500 angstroms. A dielectric layer such as O/N/O dielectric layer  1010  is formed over the polysilicon layer  1008 . A polysilicon layer  1012  is formed over the O/N/O dielectric layer  1010  with a thickness of for example about 1200-2500 angstroms.  
      In  FIG. 21B , the patterned photoresist layer  1014  is formed over the polysilicon layer  1012  to serve as an etching mask. Then, an anisotropic etching process is performed to expose the tunneling oxide layer  1006 . The remaining portion of the polysilicon layer  1008  and  1012  form the stack gate structure.  
      In  FIG. 21C , after removing the photoresist layer  1014 , a oxide layer  1016  is formed over the exposed peripheral surface of the polysilicon layers  1008  and  1012  by, for example, the oxide layer can be thermal oxidation or deposition. The thickness is for example 100-300 angstroms. Then a conductive layer, such as polysilicon layer  1018 , is formed over the stack gates structure.  
      In  FIG. 21D , an etching back process or chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process is performed to remove the top portion of the polysilicon layer  1018  and expose the polysilicon layer of the stack gate structure. Preferably, the height of the polysilicon layer  1018  is lower than the height of the stack gate structure. Here, the remaining portion of the polysilicon layer  1018  serving as the selection gate and is isolated from the stack gate structure by the oxide layer  1016 .  
      In  FIG. 21E , a photoresist layer  1020  is formed over the substrate to serve as the etching mask. Then, the etching back process is performed to remove a portion of the polysilicon layer  1018  at the side portion.  
      In  FIG. 21F , an implantation process with another photoresistor mask (not shown) is performed to implant dopants into the substrate to form the doped regions  1022 . One of the doped regions  1022  serves as the bit line terminal to apply the bit line voltage, and the other one of the doped regions  1022  serves as the source terminal.  
      In  FIG. 21G , a dielectric layer is formed over the substrate and an planarization process, such as etching back process or CMP process is performed to expose the stack gate structure.  
      In  FIG. 21H , the remaining portion of the dielectric layer is indicated by  1024 , which covers the selection gate. In order to have the better ohm contact for the subsequent interconnect structure, a silicide layer  1026  is formed on the exposed Si-contained surface, such as the top polysilicon layer of the stack gate and the doped region. The silicide process typically includes, for example, depositing a metal layer, such as titanium, over the substrate, and a thermal reaction process is performed to have the metal layer reacting with silicon to form the silicide. After then, the metal layer without reaction is removed. Here, the structures  1040   a,    1040   b  are one example, representing a repeated structure without further descriptions. The foregoing process is the example for forming the desired structure with respect to  FIG. 19A .  
      The present invention particularly saves the conventional S/D region. Instead, additional gates are formed at the corresponding locations. The gate structures of the invention can have the memory function and also serves as the pass gate when being not selected. The function of pass gate is to extent the S/D region the side of the selected gate, so that the applied voltage on the source and the drain can be led to the selected gate. In other words, one transistor with memory function is created, wherein the source region and the drain region pass through multiple gates. Alternatively, the required drain voltage with respect to the bit line and the source voltage with respect to the source line can be applied to the whole extended S/D regions.  
      It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the structure of the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. In view of the foregoing, it is intended that the present invention covers modifications and variations of this invention provided they fall within the scope of the following claims and their equivalents.