Patent Publication Number: US-2023160670-A1

Title: Target Stand

Description:
GOVERNMENT INTEREST 
     The invention(s) described herein may be manufactured, used, and/or licensed by or for the Government of the United States of America without payment by the Government of any royalties thereon. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure pertains to a target stand, and more particularly to a target stand configured to move a target object under test. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Destructive testing may be used to measure or characterize the performance of an object under test. Typically, destructive testing is conducted in accordance with a test specification which defines time-consuming and sometimes difficult-to-execute test procedures. An example of destructive testing is when the object under test is subjected to projectile penetration. One example is a battery having a 6T form factor, as described in MIL-PRF-32565 (17 Nov. 2016), the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Here, the battery is expected to not exceed SAE J2464 Hazard Severity Level 4 when the battery case is penetrated by three 7.62 mm armor piercing incendiary projectiles. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to one non-limiting embodiment of the disclosure, a target stand is described. The target stand may comprise a frame; a first rail; a second rail; and a trolley. The frame may support the first and second rails, wherein the first and second rails are inclined and each have an upper end and a lower end, wherein the first and second rails each extend relative to a y-axis and a z-axis, wherein the second rail is spaced from the first rail relative to an x-axis. The trolley may comprise a base, a first wheel assembly coupled to the base and in contact with the first rail, and a second wheel assembly coupled to the base and in contact with the second rail, wherein the trolley is movable between the respective lower ends of the first and second rails and the respective upper ends of the first and second rails via the first and second wheel assemblies contacting the first and second rails. The base of the trolley may comprise a proximal portion and a cantilevered portion extending away from the proximal portion to a free end, wherein the first and second wheel assemblies are coupled to the proximal portion and the cantilevered portion extends over the first and second rails. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Figure ( FIG.  1    depicts an example schematic view of a test system comprising a firing range, a rifle at a firing line of the firing range, a non-limiting embodiment of a target stand which is located down-range of the rifle, and a target object under test (“target”) carried by the target stand, wherein the target stand comprises a frame and a trolley. 
         FIG.  2    is an enlarged view of a portion of  FIG.  1    illustrating an example frame-of-reference relative to the target, frame, and trolley. 
         FIG.  3    is a front view of the trolley carrying the target, further illustrating the example frame-of-reference shown in  FIG.  2    and the motion of the trolley (and target) relative to the frame-of-reference (some features of the trolley are hidden for clarity). 
         FIG.  4    is a perspective view of the target stand shown in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  5    is a front side view of the target stand shown in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  6    is a top view of the target stand shown in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  7    is a partial sectional view along section lines  7 - 7  shown in  FIG.  5   , wherein the partial sectional view illustrates a portion of the frame and a pair of rails of the target stand, wherein other feature are hidden. 
         FIG.  8    is a perspective view of the trolley shown in  FIG.  1   , wherein some features are hidden from view. 
         FIG.  9    is a partial side view of a wheel assembly of the trolley. 
         FIG.  10    is a partial perspective view a clip of the wheel assembly shown in  FIG.  9   . 
         FIG.  11    illustrates a schematic view of another embodiment of a test system at the range facilitating electrical communication to move the trolley of the target stand. 
         FIGS.  12 - 14    depict partial front views of the target stand shown in  FIG.  1   , wherein the trolley is shown at various positions—by way of example only, an initial position ( FIG.  12   ), an intermediate position ( FIG.  13   ), and a final position ( FIG.  14   ). 
         FIG.  15    illustrates a top view of an example target object under test (a battery), wherein directional lines depict projectile penetration related to destructive testing. 
         FIG.  16    is a front view of the battery shown in  FIG.  15    further illustrating an impact region on a front face of the target. 
         FIG.  17    is a side view of the battery shown in  FIG.  15    further illustrating an impact region on a side face of the target. 
         FIG.  18    depicts the impact region (on the front face) of the battery shown in  FIG.  16   , further illustrating impact spacing of three projectiles. 
         FIG.  19    depicts the impact region (of the side face) of the battery shown in  FIG.  17   , further illustrating impact spacing of three projectiles. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Turning now to  FIG.  1   , wherein like elements denote similar features or functions, a test system  10  is disclosed. Test system  10  comprises a range  12  wherein a projectile source  14  (e.g., such as a rifle) is located at a firing line  16  and aimed (and fired) at a target object under test B (e.g., hereinafter, “target B”) relative to a longitudinal axis x. Target B is carried by a non-limiting embodiment of a target stand  20 . Target stand  20  may comprise a frame  22 , a trolley  24  that is movable with respect to frame  22 , and an actuator  26  that, when actuated, causes the trolley  24  to move relative to frame  22 . Actuator  26  may be located at a position up-range of the target stand  20  (e.g., from a position near projectile source  14  (e.g., within a user&#39;s reach)). Target B may be secured to and carried by trolley  24 , and trolley  24  may be supported by frame  22 . 
     By firing multiple projectiles P relative to axis x and by moving trolley  24 , a front face F of target B may be impacted at several different points without moving the projectile source  14 . As shown in  FIGS.  1 - 3   , front face F of the target B (and thus impact points due to fired projectiles P) may coincide with a plane-YZ (wherein plane-YZ is defined by a lateral axis y and a vertical axis z).  FIG.  1    illustrates a target line  28  that also may be within plane-YZ. 
     Test system  10 , and more particularly target stand  20 , may facilitate testing in accordance with stringent projectile penetration requirements for objects such as target B. As described more below, target stand  20  may be used to fulfill requirements that define a relatively small impact region and/or projectile grouping such as those set forth in MIL-PRF-32565. For purposes of aiding a non-limiting explanation herein, test system  10  will be explained below with respect to testing a STANAG 4015 battery having a 6T form factor using 7.62 mm armor piercing incendiary (API) projectiles (fired from a 7.62 mm compatible weapon) wherein the 7.62 API projectiles impact front face F at an angle normal to the face F, as defined in MIL-PRF-32565. However, it will be appreciated that test system  10  may be used with different test objects under test, using different projectiles/projectile sources, at different angular orientations, etc. Thus, while a test system is described that facilitates military performance testing, test system  10  may be used for commercial and industrial testing as well (e.g., and in some circumstances, test system  10  may be applicable testing targets for police, private security, and/or other suitable entities). 
     The range  12  of test system  10  may be any suitable firing range. Range  12  is defined as a longitudinal region between the firing line  16  and an optional backstop  30  (or a sufficient longitudinal distance so that persons, objects, etc. are not disrupted by projectiles P). Thus, range  12  may include target line  28 . Optional backstop  30  may include a hill of soil, a man-made structure for slowing projectiles, etc. Range  12  may be equipped with known safety systems (not shown) to promote safety of the users of the range. Additionally, range  12  may operate with predetermined protocols—e.g., regarding when operators are free to resume fire following a technician being down-range (e.g., anywhere between the firing line  16  and backstop  30 ). As explained below, execution of range protocols may be time-consuming during testing as delays may occur each time a technician enters the range  12 , makes an adjustment to the target stand  20 , and then exits the range. Range  12  may be suitable for large-caliber weapons, firing rifles, shotguns, handguns, other small arms, cross- and other bows, etc. 
     Projectile source  14  refers to any machine which propels projectiles P. Non-limiting examples include large-caliber weapons, rifles, shotguns, handguns, other small arms, cross- and other bows, and the like. Projectile source  14  may be supported by a stand or other suitable structure  34 . Stand or other suitable structure  34  may permit a human user to fire the projectile source  14  without moving or disturbing the aim of source  14 ; alternatively, projectile source  14  may be fired by stand itself or by some other suitable mechanism (e.g., as in a weapon station). Some non-limiting examples of stand or other suitable structure  34  include a tripod stand, a pedestal stand, any suitable rest, recoil-reducing devices, or a combination thereof. In at least one example, projectile source  14  is 7.62 mm compatible weapon, projectiles P are 7.61 mm API, and the stand or other suitable structure  34  is a pedestal stand that positions the 7.62 mm compatible weapon so that its projectiles P strike front face F of target B normal to the front face F. 
     Turning to  FIGS.  4 - 10   , as described above, target stand  20  may comprise the frame  22 , the trolley  24  which moves relative to the frame  22 , and actuator  26  that controls movement of the trolley  24 . Each will be discussed in turn. 
     Frame  22  may be any structure suitable for supporting trolley  24  and facilitating movement thereof. In at least one example, frame  22  comprise a front side portion  42 , a rear side portion  42 ′, an end bracket  46 , and an end bracket  48 . In at least one embodiment—but not required, front and rear side portions  42 ,  42 ′ may be identical and may be oriented as mirror images of one another; therefore, only one will be explained in detail. 
     Front side portion  42  may comprise a first upright member  50 , a second upright member  52 , a lower strut  54  extending between and coupling corresponding lower portions of first upright member  50  and second upright member  52 , and an inclined member  56  (extending between and coupling corresponding upper portions of first and second upright members  50 ,  52 ). In some embodiments (although not required), inclined member  56  may have a hockey stick shape comprising a body  58  and a flange  60  coupled to and extending from body  58 , wherein an end portion  62  of body  58  may be coupled to an upper portion  64  of first upright member  50 , wherein an end portion  66  of flange  60  may be coupled to an upper portion  68  of second upright member  52 . In at least one example, front side portion  42  may be formed in a single, unitary piece; however, this is not required. 
     Inclined member  56  (more particularly, body  58 ) is shown oriented at angle α ( FIG.  5   ); i.e., the angle of inclined member  56  relative to level ground. According to one embodiment, angle α is between 34° and 36°. According to another embodiment, angle α is between 30° and 40°. Still larger and different ranges may be used. In one embodiment, angle α of inclined member  56  corresponds to a testing procedure defined in MIL-PRF-32565 and the size of an impact region on the side of target B, as will be described in more detail below. 
     Inclined member  56  may comprise a plurality of holes  70  (e.g., through-holes) which may be spaced linearly along at least a portion of the length of inclined member  56 . According to an example, these holes  70  may be extend from an outboard face  72  to an inboard face  74  along a lower region  76  of the inclined member  56 . And in at least one embodiment, these holes  70  are aligned in a straight line. As will be discussed more below, these holes  70  may be used to move the trolley  24  a predetermined (and incremental) distance along the target stand  20 . The spacing between any two holes  70  may vary; accordingly, the incremental distances may vary as well. 
     Target stand  20  further may comprise a pair of rails  80 ,  80 ′ (e.g., a first rail and a second rail, respectively); rails  80 ,  80 ′ may be spaced from one another relative to the x-axis. In at least one example, these rails  80 ,  80 ′ may be identical and may be oriented as the mirror images of one another (e.g., rail  80  may be coupled to inclined member  56  and rail  80 ′ may be coupled to inclined member  56 ′). Thus, only one will be described in detail. 
     Rail  80  may extend along inboard face  74  at an upper region  82  (of inclined member  56 ); it may be coupled to inclined member  56  via any suitable technique (e.g., fasteners, welding, etc.). Rail  80  may comprise an upper end  84  and a lower end  86  having an inclined orientation (extending relative to the y- and z-axes)—e.g., in at least one embodiment, rail  80  extends parallel to body  58 . Other examples also exist; e.g., rail  80  may have an orientation according to any of the orientations of inclined member  56 , as described above. Further, in at least one example, the orientation of rail  80  may differ from that of inclined member  56 . 
     As best shown in  FIG.  7   , rail  80  may have a C-shaped cross-section defining a channel  87 , a track  88  at the base of the channel  87 , and captive upper and lower flanges  90 ,  92  (rail  80 ′ is shown having a track  88 ′ and corresponding flanges  90 ′,  92 ′). Other cross-sections are possible as well; e.g., rail  80  may have any shape which can support trolley  24  (e.g., via the wheels, rollers, etc. thereof). In another embodiment, rails  80 ,  80 ′ could be formed within the inclined members  56 ,  56 ′ (e.g., integral thereto). In at least some embodiments, rail  80  is comprised of extruded aluminum or extruded plastic; however, other examples also exist. 
     Locating the rails  80 ,  80 ′ on inboard faces  74 ,  74 ′ of the rails  80 ,  80 ′, respectively, offers some ballistic protection during live-fire testing; however, other embodiments of rails  80 ,  80 ′ also may be used. E.g., rails  80 ,  80 ′ could be mounted on an upper surface of each of the respective inclined members  56 ,  56 ′ so that channels  87 ,  87 ′ face upwardly instead of inwardly. 
     As discussed above, rear side portion  42 ′ may comprise similar features. Each feature is designated using an apostrophe (′), and for sake of brevity, will not be re-described here. 
     End bracket  46  may comprise a rectangular border  94  which comprises, among other things, a side  96  and a side  98  (which is opposite side  96 ). Sides  96 ,  98  may be coupled to (and between) front and rear side portions  42 ,  42 ′, respectively. In the illustrated embodiment, end bracket  46  also comprises a criss-cross brace  100  extending within and coupled to border  94 ; in other embodiments, a different brace may be used or no brace may be present. 
     End bracket  48  may be similar to end bracket  46 , except it may be taller to accommodate the height of the target stand  20  on an opposite end; thus, frame  22  has a high end  48 H (corresponding to end bracket  48 ) and a low end  46 L (corresponding to end bracket  46 ), wherein the frame  22  slopes downwardly from high end  48 H to low end  46 L with respect to the y- and z-axes. For example, end bracket  48  may comprise a rectangular border  104  which comprises, among other things, a side  106  and a side  108  (which is opposite side  106 ). Sides  106 ,  108  may be coupled to (and between) front and rear side portions  42 ,  42 ′, respectively. In the illustrated embodiment, end bracket  48  also comprises a criss-cross brace  110  extending within and coupled to border  104 ; in other embodiments, a different brace may be used or no brace may be present. 
     Frame  22  may comprise other features as well. E.g., in the illustrations, frame  22  includes a first stanchion  112  and a second stanchion  114 . First stanchion  112  may extend between inclined members  56 ,  56 ′ (and more particularly, between flanges  60 ,  60 ′). Second stanchion  114  may extend between lower strut  54  (of front side portion  42 ) and lower strut  54 ′ (of rear side portion  42 ′). In the illustrated embodiment, first stanchion  112  is positioned directly above second stanchion  114 ; however, this is not required in all embodiments. In at least one embodiment, frame  22  further comprises adjustable feet  116 . E.g., feet  116  may facilitate leveling frame  22  when the ground is uneven (see  FIG.  5   ). 
     It should be appreciated that the figures illustrate an embodiment of frame  22  and that other embodiments could be employed that suitably support trolley  24  and movement of trolley  24 , as described more below. Further, frame  22  may be comprise of any suitable material. E.g., frame  22  may be composed of metal or composite; non-limiting examples include aluminum, steel, high hard steel, or the like. Further, couplings of the elements of frame  22  may include any suitable fasteners (screws, bolts, etc.), weldments, etc. 
     According to an embodiment, trolley  24  may comprise a base  120 , an actuator bracket  122  coupled to the base  120 , a first wheel assembly  124 , and a second wheel assembly  124 ′, wherein the first and second wheel assemblies  124 ,  124 ′ each may be coupled to base  120  and actuating bracket  122 . Each will be discussed in turn. 
     Base  120  may be any suitable platform for carrying target B. In the illustrations, it is illustrated as rectangular plate (oriented with respect to (e.g., parallel to) the x- and y-axes) having a proximal portion  130  and a cantilevered portion  132 , wherein the proximal portion  130  is nearer the first and second wheel assemblies  124 ,  124 ′, wherein the cantilevered portion extends over the rails  80 ,  80 ′. As used herein, the base  120  comprising cantilevered portion  132  may refer to the base  120  being a rigid structural element and being supported at only one end (in this case supported only at the proximal portion  130  and not at the cantilevered portion  132 ). In at least one embodiment, an edge  134  of the proximal portion  130  is coupled to the actuator bracket  122 , and a free end  136  in the cantilevered portion  132  is not coupled to anything. As will be clarified more in the description below, cantilevered portion  132  may be suitable for live fire testing as target B is positioned away from the remainder of the target stand  20  so as to minimize damage of the target stand  20  due to stray projectiles P. Base  120  may be sized to fit and move between the front and rear side portions  42 ,  42 ′ of frame  22 . In at least some examples, base  120  may be configured to be slightly larger than the intended target; however, this is not required. Other embodiments of base  120  are also contemplated. While not shown, base  120  may comprise additional straps, brackets, etc. to retain target B thereto during testing. 
     Actuator bracket  122  may comprise any suitable plate that extends away from base  120  and is used to move the trolley  24  on frame  22 . In the illustrated embodiment, actuator bracket  122  extends upwardly and is oriented with respect to (e.g., parallel to) the x- and z-axes such that an edge  138  is coupled to edge  134 . This is merely an example, and actuator bracket  122  may have different shapes or sizes in other embodiments. 
     In at least one example, actuator bracket  122  may comprise a T-bracket or other suitable bracket  140  on a side  142  (side  142  facing away from base  120 ). In the illustrations, bracket  140  comprises a feature  144  (e.g., holes) for coupling to actuator  26 . In this manner, actuator  26  may pull the trolley  24 , as explained more below. 
     First wheel assembly  124  and second wheel assembly  124 ′ may be mirror images of one another; therefore, only one will be described in detail. That said, first and second wheel assemblies could differ from one another; an example of a wheel assembly follows. First wheel assembly  124  may comprise a wheel portion  150  and a stopper portion  152 . 
     Wheel portion  150  may comprise a carrier  154  which may comprise an elongated plate having axle holes (not shown) with a plurality of (or set of) wheels  158  carried via the axle holes (see  FIG.  8   ; some elements (such as wheels) are hidden in  FIG.  3   , and some elements (e.g., T-bracket and clip) are hidden in  FIG.  8   ). In one embodiment, wheels  158  are sized to move without interference within channel  87  of rail  80 , to ride on track  88 , and to stay within channel  87  being retained by flanges  90 ,  92 . In at least one embodiment, the wheels  158  are in alignment with one another and each wheel  158  is positioned radially outwardly of an outboard side  160  of the carrier  154 . Here, three wheels  158  are shown; however, more or fewer wheels may be used in other embodiments. 
     Stopper portion  152  may comprise a flange portion  162  extending from one side  164  (downwardly) of carrier  154 , a spacer  166 , and a clip  170 . In some examples, carrier  154  and flange portion  162  may be formed in one unitary piece; however, this is not required. The carrier  154 , the flange portion  162 , or both may be coupled to outer edges  172 ,  174  of the base  120  and actuator bracket  122 , respectively—giving the trolley  24  rigidity and a robustness for live-fire testing. 
     Spacer  166  may be any suitable protrusion that extends radially outwardly from outboard side  160  of flange portion  162 . In the illustrated example, spacer  166  is a rectangular block having a first side  178  that abuts and is coupled to outboard side  160  and an opposite side  180  that abuts clip  170 ; however, other shapes may be used instead. The span between sides  178 ,  180  of spacer  166  may be sufficiently large so as to permit clip  170  to engage the holes  70  along inclined member  56  as the trolley  24  moves via actuator  26  and rails  80 ,  80 ′. In some embodiments of stopper portion  152 , the spacer  166  and clip  170  are integrated into a single element; in other embodiments, the spacer  166  is not required. 
     According to an embodiment shown in the illustrations, clip  170  comprises a spring  186  and a unidirectional lock  188 . In this example, spring  186  comprises a first leg  190  that is coupled to side  180  of spacer  166 , a second leg  192  (shown in a nominal position) having a free end  194 , and a U-shaped bend  196  coupled to first and second legs  190 ,  192  (one leg extending from each end of bend  196 ). When the free end  194  of the second leg  192  is displaced toward the first leg  190  (i.e., radially inwardly) (to a displaced position), U-shaped bend  196  is biased to cause the second leg  194  to return to the nominal position (biased radially outwardly). The free end  194  of second leg  192  may be oriented toward (and positioned closer to) actuator bracket  122  (and end bracket  48  of frame  22 ), whereas the U-shaped bend  196  may be oriented toward (and positioned closer to) free end  136  of trolley  24  (and accordingly, closer to end bracket  46  of frame  22 ). While not required in all embodiments, spring  186  may be oriented parallel to rail  80 . 
     Lock  188  may comprise a ramped projection  200  coupled near free end  194  and extending radially outwardly from second leg  192 . In at least one embodiment, ramped projection  200  has a circular periphery  202 ; however, this is not required. Ramped projection  200  may be sized to fit without interference into any of holes  70  of inclined member  56  (of frame  22 )—e.g., as trolley  24  moves between inclined members  56 ,  56 ′. More particularly, lock  188  may comprise a low edge  204  and a high edge  206  and a radially-outwardly facing surface  208  that gradually slopes from low edge  204  to high edge  206 . Low edge  204  may be nearer free end  194 , and high edge  206  may be nearer the U-shaped bend  196 . Based on this orientation (and as described more below), trolley  24  may be moved (by actuator  26 ) toward upper ends  84 ,  84 ′ of rails  80 ,  80 ′—and as the trolley  24  is moved in this direction, free end  194  of second leg  192  of spring  186  may bend radially inwardly as lock  188  contacts the inboard face  74  of inclined member  56  (i.e., between the holes  70 ) and lock  188  may enter holes  70  as the trolley  24  moves into a corresponding position, wherein a radially extending side  210  of periphery  202  may inhibit trolley  24  from moving toward lower ends  86 ,  86 ′ of rails  80 ,  80 ′, respectively—e.g., when actuator is OFF or inactive. 
     The illustrated arrangement is merely an example. Other suitable springs and locks may be used instead. Spring  186  may be any suitable mechanism including but not limited to a compression springs, torsion springs, clock springs, various flat-form springs, various wire-form springs, and the like, just to name a few examples. Similarly, lock  188  may be any device that engages the inclined member  56  to cause the trolley  24  to brake and/or be retained in a desired position. Hence, non-limiting examples of lock  188  may comprise other protrusions, calipers, etc. Lock  188  and spring  186  may be integrated in a single piece or may be two elements that are coupled to one another. 
     According to at least one embodiment, only one of the first or second wheel assemblies  124 ,  124 ′ comprise stopper portion  152 . According to another embodiment, both of the first and second wheel assemblies  124 ,  124 ′ comprise stopper portion  152 . 
     Turning now to the actuator of target stand  20 , according to one embodiment of actuator  26 , actuator  26  may comprise a cable  220  and a cable feed system  222  (see  FIGS.  1 - 6   ). Cable  220  may be any suitable rope, metal braided line, etc. that is suitably strong to move the trolley  24  along rails  80 ,  80 ′, suitably flexible to weave within cable feed system  222 , and suitably long to extend from a first end  224  (coupled to feature  144  of bracket  140 ) to a second end  226  that is located up-range near firing line  16  (e.g., on the user side of the firing line  16 , at or near projectile source  14 ). According to at least one embodiment, cable  220  is comprised of braided steel cable or synthetic rope. 
     Cable feed system  222  may comprise any suitable elements to physically route the cable  220 —while also permitting cable translation (in either direction) and cable turns (e.g., at a corner or bend). In the illustrated example (see  FIGS.  4 - 6   ), cable feed system  222  comprises an upper pulley  228  and a lower pulley  230 ; however, this of course is merely an example. Upper pulley  228  may be coupled to first stanchion  112  and may be oriented towards end brackets  46 ,  48 . Cable  220  may extend from bracket  140  (of actuator bracket  122 ) toward and onto upper pulley  228  and thereafter extend from upper pulley  228  downwardly toward and onto lower pulley  230 . Lower pulley  230  may be coupled to second stanchion  114  and may be oriented towards front and rear side portions  42 ,  42 ′. Thus, cable  220  may extend away from lower pulley  230  toward front side portion  42  and continue towards firing line  16 —ultimately terminating near the user and projectile source  14 . In this manner, cable  220  may be manually pulled by the user, and in response, the trolley  24  may move upwardly until the lock  188  detents into a desired hole  70 . 
     Trolley  24  may be comprised of any suitable metal or composite material. Actuator bracket  122  may be fastened or welded to base  120 . Similarly, wheel assemblies  124 ,  124 ′ may be fastened or welded to actuator bracket  122  and/or base  120 . Wheels  158  of trolley  24  may be located within rails  80 ,  80 ′; thereafter, rails  80 ,  80 ′ may be assembled to frame  22 . Once frame  22  and trolley  24  are assembled, cable feed system  222  may be coupled to frame and trolley, and thereafter, cable  220  may be routed as previously described. 
     As disclosed above, when the actuator  26  is actuated, the trolley  24  may be moved incrementally in at least one direction. According to the embodiment previously described, trolley  24  may move upwardly (e.g., toward upper pulley  228 ). Lock  188  (and a corresponding unidirectional lock on wheel assembly  124 ′ (not shown)) may detent through a number of holes  70  of inclined members  56 ,  56 ′. In this manner, if the target (located on base  120 ) is aligned with a firing path of projection source  14 , trolley  24  may be inhibited from moving downwardly. Further, a predetermined sequence of trolley positions may be achieved by moving trolley  24  until the locks  188  are positioned in the desired holes  70 . 
     Other target stand examples also exist. According to an example, inclined members  56 ,  56 ′ may have at least some curvature. E.g., the previously described inclined members (and rails) were illustrated as straight; however, this is not required in all examples. 
     In at least one embodiment, target stand  20  is equipped with an electrical harness that is secured to the frame  22  at a first point and to trolley  24  at a second point in such a manner that the electrical harness dangles sufficiently between the first and second points to permit movement of trolley  24  from an upper end of inclined members  56 ,  56 ′ to a lower end thereof—and it such a manner that the electrical harness does not create interference of such movement. In this manner, when target B is a battery, the battery may be connected to a resistive load (not on the trolley  24 ) during live fire testing. In other embodiments, the resistive load is carried by the trolley  24  as well (and no harness-routing on frame  22  is required). 
     Still other embodiments exist. For example,  FIG.  11    illustrates a test system  10 ′ that comprises an actuator  26 A that is partially automated. Here, actuator  26 A additionally comprises a motor  240  coupled a second end  226 ′ of a cable  220 ′ (cable  220 ′ does not extend up-range), a down-range communication device  242  (near or mounted to frame  22 ) electrically coupled to motor  240 , and an up-range communication device  244  (near user behind firing line  16 ). In operation, a user operates an interface  246  on device  244  to communicate wirelessly with device  242  (e.g., via Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi Direct, Bluetooth, cellular, etc.). In response to such a communication, down-range communication device  242  sends a signal to motor  240  which in turn actuates the winding of the cable  220 ′ a predetermined amount—thereby moving the trolley  24  upwardly a predetermined distance. In this arrangement, holes  70  (on inclined members  56 ,  56 ′) and stopper portion  152  may not be needed; in fact, in this embodiment, the trolley  24  could be raised (e.g., translated along rails  80 ,  80 ′ toward the end bracket  48 ) or lowered (e.g., translated along rails  80 ,  80 ′ toward the end bracket  46 ) a predetermined amount. 
     In another embodiment, the wireless communication could be replaced with a wired link. E.g., an electrical cable could extend from the interface  246  to the motor  240 . 
     Still other examples exist as well. For example, channels  87 ,  87 ′ of rails  80 ,  80 ′ may include a rack gear, and wheels  158  of trolley  24  may comprise corresponding pinion gears. In such an embodiment, the trolley could move upwardly or downwardly incrementally or otherwise. This arrangement may be used in conjunction with actuator  26 , actuator  26 A, or another actuator configuration. Further, other implementations could be employed that permit the trolley to move upwardly toward the upper ends  84  of rails  80 ,  80 ′ or to move downwardly toward the lower ends  86  of rails  80 ,  80 ′. 
     Each of  FIGS.  12 - 14    depict a partial front view of the target stand  20 , wherein trolley  24  is shown at various positions along inclined members  56 ′,  56 ′ (inclined member  56 ′ and rails  80 ,  80 ′ are hidden in these views). Hence collectively,  FIGS.  12 - 14    depict trolley  24  incrementally moving in one direction (e.g., upwardly). Incremental (or incrementally) may refer to multiple movements on a fixed scale of movement—e.g., the fixed scale may be defined by the hole pattern and spacing of holes  70 . Consequently and according to one embodiment, trolley  24  may move a multiple of these increments (1×, 2×, 3×, etc.). In  FIGS.  12 - 14   , trolley  24  is displaced 2× or has been moved in increments of two holes  70 . 
       FIG.  12    illustrates trolley  24  in an example initial position,  FIG.  13    illustrates trolley  24  in an example intermediate position, and  FIG.  14    illustrates trolley  24  in an example final position. In each of  FIGS.  12 - 14   , unidirectional lock  188  is shown in different holes  70 . These figures are used to explain an example use embodiment following a detailed description of an example target B, wherein it may be desirable to impact target B with precision and within a predetermined impact region. 
       FIGS.  15 - 19    illustrate various aspects of one embodiment of target B. Here, target B is illustrated as a STANAG 4015 battery having a 6T form factor. As discussed above, MIL-PRF-32565 sets forth destructive testing of the STANAG 4015 battery using an example projectile P (the 7.62 mm API projectile).  FIG.  15    illustrates a top view of target B, wherein directional lines illustrate firing projectiles through front face F, a rear face R, a left side face LS, and a right side face RS. Each face F, R, LS, RS is defined by an edge of target B—namely corner edges CE 1 , CE 2 , CE 3 , CE 4 , top edges TE_F, TE_R, TE_LS, TE_RS, and bottom edges BE_F, BE_R, BE_LS, BE_RS. In  FIG.  15   , dashed lead lines are used to indicate the bottom edges: BE_F, BE_R, BE_LS, BE_RS of target B. 
     According to an example, front face F of target B may be positioned co-planar with respect to plane-YZ (e.g., shown in  FIGS.  1 ,  11   ). And according to at least one example, when trolley  24  is moved by actuator  26 , front face F remains within plane-YZ. Similarly, regardless of which face of target B is the subject of live fire testing (e.g., face F, R, LS, RS), the respective face may be positioned to be within plane-YZ. 
     Each face F, R, LS, RS of the target B may have an impact region, wherein the impact region may be an area within which projectiles P are to strike the target B; a front impact region  300  is shown in  FIGS.  16  and  18   , and a right side impact region  302  is shown in  FIGS.  17  and  19   . It should be appreciated that a rear impact region may be similar to impact region  300 , a left side impact region may be similar to impact region  302 . According to an embodiment set forth in MIL-PRF-32565, impact region  300  may defined by an area measured 40 mm from each edge of the target B—e.g., for the front view shown in  FIG.  16   , 40 mm inwardly of each of top edge TE_F to a top boundary b 1 , bottom edge BE_F to a bottom boundary b 3 , corner edge CE 1  to a left boundary b 4 , and corner edge CE 4  to a right boundary b 2 . Dimensions of the STANAG 4015 battery are shown for illustrative purposes only. Impact region  302  may be defined similarly (e.g., see b 1 ′, b 2 ′, b 3 ′, b 4 ′ in  FIGS.  17  and  19   ). 
     MIL-PRF-32565 requires (a) three projectiles P to impact within impact region  300 ; (b) that each of the impacts are to be at least 50 mm on center from one another; (c) that each projectile strike the impact region  300  at a 90° angle; and (d) that the first projectile strike the target B within 90 seconds of the third projectile. It will be appreciated that projectiles P are fired at target B from a distance—and while some degree of accuracy is attainable—perfection is typically not possible. For instance, in some examples it is desirable to perform live fire testing of 7.62 mm projectiles at a distance between 8 and 100 meters. Accordingly, the target stand  20  facilitates striking the impact region  300  (or  302 ). Using the target stand  20  which raises the trolley  24  and target B diagonally, a span S of the impact region  300  can be utilized without moving the projectile source  14  (i.e., without moving the weapon). Since span S is longer than the width (w) or height (h) of impact region  300 , the space between projectiles can be increased thereby increasing the likelihood that three projectiles P can be fired at the target B and that all requirements of MIL-PRF-32565 can be met. Further, since the trolley  24  can be remotely moved (e.g., by a user of the projectile source  14  up-range), the 90 second requirement may be more easily achievable. 
     It will be appreciated that though MIL-PRF-32565 identifies an electric battery as the targeted object under test. Other examples of target B also could be used instead—e.g., such as bulletproof glass, bulletproof vests, armor or armor plating, etc. Target stand  20  may be adapted to meet other military requirements regarding timing of projectile firing and projectile spacing. Further, it should be appreciated that while a few example targets have been listed; this list is not intended to be exhaustive, nor is the target stand  20  intended to be limited to military testing. E.g., commercial security, police, and other industries similarly may design and implement target stand  20  for testing of any suitable projectile testing. 
     Thus, there has been described a target stand for a range. The target stand includes a frame and trolley that is adapted to carry a target. The trolley comprises a base; the base comprises a proximal portion that is coupled to a pair of wheel assemblies and a cantilevered portion that protrudes away from the proximal portion. According to an example described above (and not intending to be limiting), the trolley may be actuated to move diagonally upwardly with respect to the frame so that multiple projectiles may be fired at the target from an up-range position and so that a relatively-small impact region may be struck in accordance with a predetermined spacing. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above. It is to be understood, however, that the disclosed embodiments are merely examples and other embodiments can take various and alternative forms. Further, it is contemplated that one or more embodiments may be combined with one another—regardless of whether such various combinations of embodiments are explicitly illustrated in the figures or described in the written description. 
     The figures are not necessarily to scale; some features could be exaggerated or minimized to show details of particular components. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the embodiments. 
     In addition, relative terms in the detailed description or in the claims such as “upper,” “lower,” “middle,” “above,” “over,” “b el ow,” “under,” “front,” “back,” “forward,” “rearward”, “right,” “left,” and the like are not intended to be limiting; instead, such terms are used to illustrate, to enhance explanation, to explain relative positions of the elements, etc. Terms in the detailed description or in the claims such as “first,” “second,” “third,” etc. are not intended to be limiting either; instead, such terms are used merely to differentiate elements from one another or the like. 
     Herein, the term “coupled” refers to either “coupled directly” or “coupled indirectly”. For example, where a structure comprises X coupled to Y and Y is further coupled to Z, then X may be referred to as “coupled” to Z. Additionally, X may be referred to as “indirectly coupled” to Z and “directly coupled” to Y. Thus, where the detailed description or claims recite “coupled”, this term means either “coupled directly” or “coupled indirectly”. Alternatively, if the detailed description or claims mean coupled directly or coupled indirectly, it explicitly uses the terms “directly” or “indirectly”.