Patent Publication Number: US-7907883-B2

Title: Method and apparatus for electrostatic brush cleaning in an image production device

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Disclosed herein is a method for electrostatic brush cleaning in an image production device, as well as corresponding apparatus and computer-readable medium. 
     High speed, high volume printers typically use electrostatic brush cleaners. These cleaners are designed to reliably clean up to a maximum toner input rate. When the maximum toner input rate is exceeded, more than a single pass through the cleaning system is required to completely remove toner from the photoreceptor. 
     The highest toner input to the cleaner occurs when the printer is recovering from a paper jam. Untransferred, full-developed density images, rather than normal low density post-transfer residual, must be cleaned in a specified number of photoreceptor jam recovery cycles. When a jam occurs, the printer performs the number of jam recovery cycles needed for maximum toner input independent of the actual toner input rate to the cleaner. This process results in lost productivity due to longer jam recovery time than needed for most documents. During normal operation, with low density input, the cleaner continues to operate at the high cleaning capacity condition causing unnecessary wear on the cleaning system and photoreceptor. 
     SUMMARY 
     A method and apparatus for electrostatic brush cleaning of excess toner particles on a photoreceptor device in an image production device is disclosed. The method may include determining if an image transfer occurred in the image production device, wherein if it is determined that the image transfer occurred, rotating one or more electrostatic brushes at a first speed, and if it is determined that the image transfer did not occur, rotating the one or more electrostatic brushes at a second speed, wherein the first speed is slower than the second speed. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is an exemplary diagram of an image production device in accordance with one possible embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  is a exemplary block diagram of the image production device in accordance with one possible embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 3  is a diagram of an exemplary electrostatic brush section of an image production device in accordance with one possible embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 4  is a flowchart of an exemplary electrostatic brush cleaning process in accordance with one possible embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIGS. 5A-5C  are exemplary diagrams of electrostatic brush cleaning capacities in accordance with one possible embodiment of the disclosure; and 
         FIG. 6  is a diagram of an exemplary halftone dot counting process in accordance with one possible embodiment of the disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein relate to a method for high capacity copying and printing in an image production device, as well as corresponding apparatus and computer-readable medium. 
     The disclosed embodiments may include a method for electrostatic brush cleaning of excess toner particles on a photoreceptor device in an image production device. The method may include determining if an image transfer occurred in the image production device, wherein if it is determined that the image transfer occurred, rotating one or more electrostatic brushes at a first speed, and if it is determined that the image transfer did not occur, rotating the one or more electrostatic brushes at a second speed, wherein the first speed is slower than the second speed. 
     The disclosed embodiments may further include an image production device that may include a photoreceptor device, one or more electrostatic brushes that remove excess toner particles from the photoreceptor device, and an electrostatic brush cleaning controller that determines if an image transfer occurred in the image production device, wherein if electrostatic brush cleaning controller determines that the image transfer occurred, the electrostatic brush cleaning controller rotates the one or more electrostatic brushes at a first speed, and if the electrostatic brush cleaning controller determines that the image transfer did not occur, the electrostatic brush cleaning controller rotates the one or more electrostatic brushes at a second speed, wherein the first speed is slower than the second speed. 
     The disclosed embodiments may further include an electrostatic brush cleaning section for use in an image production device. The electrostatic brush cleaning section may include a photoreceptor device, and one or more electrostatic brushes that remove excess toner particles from the photoreceptor device, wherein if an image transfer occurred in the image production device, the one or more electrostatic brushes rotate at a first speed, and if the image transfer did not occur, the one or more electrostatic brushes rotate at a second speed, wherein the first speed is slower than the second speed. 
     This disclosure may concern modifying an electrostatic brush cleaner to operate in varying cleaning capacity modes. During normal machine operation, when input to the cleaner consists of very low density residual toner from transfer, the cleaner may operate in a reduced cleaning capacity mode, e.g., slow brush speed. During high cleaning stress conditions, such as cleaning untransferred images during jam recovery, the cleaner may operate in a high cleaning capacity mode, e.g., high brush speed. By sensing the toner input to the cleaner, during jam recovery the number of cleaning cycles required to clean the untransferred pages may be optimized. Jam recovery cycles can be reduced for low toner input and increased for high toner input. Operating at a cleaning capacity matching the toner input to the cleaner reduces machine wear and contamination and increases reliability, life and productivity. 
     High speed, high volume image production devices (such as printers and copiers) typically use electrostatic brush (ESB) cleaners. These cleaners may be designed to reliably clean up to a maximum toner input rate in a single pass under the cleaner. When the maximum toner input rate is exceeded, more than a single pass through the cleaning system may be required to completely remove toner from the photoreceptor. The highest toner input to the cleaner may occur when the printer or copier is recovering from a paper jam. Untransferred, full developed density images, rather than low density post-transfer residual, may be cleaned in a specified number of photoreceptor jam recovery cycles. Typically two jam recovery cycles may be used, but occasionally three or more cycles may be allowed. 
     Since transfer efficiencies are typically 90% or higher, the requirement to clean high input toner rates during jam recovery may result in the cleaning requirement being much less than maximum cleaning capacity during normal operation. When a jam occurs the printer performs the number of jam recovery cycles needed for maximum toner input, independent of the actual toner input rate to the cleaner. This results in lost productivity due to longer jam recovery time than needed for most documents. For some machines, approximately 40% of the documents printed are less than 6% area coverage. 
     To avoid unnecessary cycling of the machine during jam recovery, this disclosure may concern optimizing the number of jam recovery cycles based on the number of cleaning passes required to clean the actual toner on the jammed images. Image characteristic limit criteria may be established for single pass cleaning. The image characteristics of the jammed images may be measured and compared to the limit criteria. If the jammed images exceed the limit criteria then additional cleaning passes may be required during jam recovery. The jammed image characteristics may be measured by evaluating the image on the photoreceptor, for example, with a full width array sensor (micro-densitometer array) or the electronic data representing the image can be examined. If the electronic data has been examined, then the number of jam recovery cycles may be determined based on the cleaning capacity of the ESB cleaner. 
     If the actual toner image on the photoreceptor is detected by a sensor, then the jam recovery cycles may continue until the image toner has been completely removed by the cleaner. Use of a sensor may provide the advantage of compensating for possible degradation in cleaning efficiency. When the machine is operating normally, cleaner parameters may be adjusted to reduce the cleaning capacity to the level required for transfer residual input cleaning. For most cleaners, this may be 10% to 20% of maximum cleaning capacity. 
     Operating in a reduced cleaning capacity condition results in a reduction in machine and cleaner deterioration and may lead to extensions in system and cleaner lives. The cleaner may be set to a specified reduced cleaning capacity condition or if the toner image is being evaluated with a sensor, the cleaning capacity condition may be varied to match the toner input. Use of the sensor system may capture more of the possible increases in system and cleaner life due to deterioration reduction. 
     Cleaning capacity may be reduced through changes to electrostatic or mechanical conditions. The electrostatic conditions may relate to toner charge and the electric field that attracts the charged toner particles to the cleaning brush fibers. Toner charge may be controlled by modifying toner particle charges before they enter the brush nip with the pre-clean charge device. The electric field attracting toner to fibers may be controlled by the ESB bias voltage. Reductions in charge current or brush bias are unlikely to result in charge device or cleaner brush life improvements greater than about 10%. Xerographic system life may be increased due to a reduction in photoreceptor charging by the cleaning system. 
     The mechanical conditions that can be altered during machine operation may be brush-to-photoreceptor interference and brush speed. Both interference and speed reduce the forces of the brush on the photoreceptor surface. The brush set may be reduced, but the impact may not be significant. Reducing the interference and/or speed may reduce wear of brush fiber tips and reduce buildup due to impaction of toner, etc. on the brush fiber tips. These changes may be unlikely to produce large improvements in cleaner brush life unless a problem due to brush wear or impaction already exists. 
     Significant improvements in photoreceptor life may be possible, however, due to the reduction in brush contact forces. Reducing brush-to-photoreceptor interference may be helpful, but reductions in brush speed may be more effective and more easily accomplished. Testing has consistently shown that brush speed may be the key factor in reducing photoreceptor filming, scratching and wear. By reducing brush speed to the minimum required for the cleaning input conditions, photoreceptor life may be increased. 
     The benefits of reduced jam recovery cycling may include improvement in productivity for the customer and improved machine reliability because of reduced usage, contamination and wear. By also operating the cleaner at a reduce cleaning capacity condition during normal operation the cleaner, machine and especially the photoreceptor may benefit from reduced cycling, contamination and wear. 
     The benefits of this process may be applied to low area coverage prints that consist mainly of text and some small non-text image features. Because a large fraction of prints are low area coverage, this process may be applied often enough to make a significant impact on machine productivity and reliability during jam recovery. The benefits of a reduced cleaning capacity mode during normal machine operation maybe realized even if jam recovery cycles are not optimized (slow speed for normal cleaning, high speed for fixed multi-pass jam recovery). 
     Benefits of cleaner input sensing for jam recovery optimization and improved machine life and reliability may include: 
     Reduced Jam Recovery Cycles
         Greater productivity for customer—reduced recovery time following jam   Improved machine reliability—fewer machine cycles, especially beneficial to photoreceptor       

     Cleaner Operation in Reduced Cleaning Capacity Condition—reduced brush speed
         Longer brush life—reduced wear and/or toner accumulation on fiber tips   Longer photoreceptor life—reduced wear, scratching and/or filming   Improved machine reliability—reduced toner contamination with slower brushes       

     Some possible process variations
         A. Two speed ESB cleaning
           Low speed for cleaning post-transfer residual (low stress)   High speed for jam recovery (high stress) as currently practiced—including multiple passes   
           B. Two speed ESB cleaning with feed-forward optimization of jam recovery cycles
           Low speed for cleaning post-transfer residual (low stress)   High speed for jam recovery (high stress)   Number of jam recovery cleaning cycles determined through feed-forward interrogation of digital electronic image representation   
           C. Two speed ESB cleaning with sensing of toner past the cleaner
           Low speed for cleaning post-transfer residual (low stress)   High speed for jam recovery (high stress)   Jam recovery cycles continue until sensor indicates that photoreceptor is clean   
           D. Two speed ESB cleaning with feed-forward optimization and verification of jam recovery cycles
           Low speed for cleaning post-transfer residual (low stress)   High speed for jam recovery (high stress)   Number of jam recovery cleaning cycles determined through feed-forward interrogation of digital electronic image representation   Sensor verifies that photoreceptor is clean after the number of cycles determined using feed-forward   
           E. Two speed ESB cleaning with feed-forward optimization, verification of cleaning and diagnosis of machine performance
           Low speed for cleaning post-transfer residual (low stress)   High speed for jam recovery (high stress)   Number of jam recovery cleaning cycles determined through feed-forward interrogation of digital electronic image representation   Sensor measures cleaning after the number of cycles determined using feed-forward   
               

     If complete cleaning is not accomplished after the number of cycles determined using feed-forward, then further investigation may be needed to discover the cause of higher than expected toner input or lower than expected cleaning capacity. 
       FIG. 1  is an exemplary diagram of an image production device  100  in accordance with one possible embodiment of the disclosure. The image production device  100  may be any device that may be capable of making image production documents (e.g., printed documents, copies, etc.) including a copier, a printer, a facsimile device, and a multi-function device (MFD), for example. 
       FIG. 2  is an exemplary block diagram of the image production device  100  in accordance with one possible embodiment of the disclosure. The image production device  100  may include a bus  210 , a processor  220 , a memory  230 , a read only memory (ROM)  240 , an electrostatic brush (ESB) cleaning controller  250 , a user interface  260 , an output section  270 , a communication interface  280 , and an image production section  290 . Bus  210  may permit communication among the components of the image production device  100 . 
     Processor  220  may include at least one conventional processor or microprocessor that interprets and executes instructions. Memory  230  may be a random access memory (RAM) or another type of dynamic storage device that stores information and instructions for execution by processor  220 . Memory  230  may also include a read-only memory (ROM) which may include a conventional ROM device or another type of static storage device that stores static information and instructions for processor  220 . 
     Communication interface  280  may include any mechanism that facilitates communication via a network. For example, communication interface  280  may include a modem. Alternatively, communication interface  280  may include other mechanisms for assisting in communications with other devices and/or systems. 
     ROM  240  may include a conventional ROM device or another type of static storage device that stores static information and instructions for processor  220 . A storage device may augment the ROM and may include any type of storage media, such as, for example, magnetic or optical recording media and its corresponding drive. 
     User interface  260  may include one or more conventional mechanisms that permit a user to input information to and interact with the image production unit  100 , such as a keyboard, a display, a mouse, a pen, a voice recognition device, touchpad, buttons, etc., for example. Output section  270  may include one or more conventional mechanisms that output image production documents to the user, including output trays, output paths, finishing section, etc., for example. The image processing section  290  may include an image printing and/or copying section, a scanner, a fuser, etc., for example. 
     The image production device  100  may perform such functions in response to processor  220  by executing sequences of instructions contained in a computer-readable medium, such as, for example, memory  230 . Such instructions may be read into memory  230  from another computer-readable medium, such as a storage device or from a separate device via communication interface  280 . 
     The image production device  100  illustrated in  FIGS. 1-2  and the related discussion are intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable communication and processing environment in which the disclosure may be implemented. Although not required, the disclosure will be described, at least in part, in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by the image production device  100 , such as a communication server, communications switch, communications router, or general purpose computer, for example. 
     Generally, program modules include routine programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other embodiments of the disclosure may be practiced in communication network environments with many types of communication equipment and computer system configurations, including personal computers, hand-held devices, multi-processor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, and the like. 
       FIG. 3  is a diagram of an exemplary electrostatic brush (ESB) cleaning section  300  of an image production device in accordance with one possible embodiment of the disclosure. Note that while one particular ESB cleaning section  300  configuration is shown, the ESB cleaning process disclosed herein may work with other ESB cleaning section configurations. The exemplary ESB cleaning section  300  may include a spots blade  310 , a photoreceptor device  320 , a plurality of rollers  325 , excess toner particles  330 , a first electrostatic brush (first ESB)  340 , a second electrostatic brush  350  (second ESB), a plurality of electrostatic brush fibers (ESB fibers)  355  that are attached to the first and second ESBs  340 ,  350 , a first flicker bar  360 , a second flicker bar  370 , an air manifold  380 , a waste collection path  385 , a pre-clean dicorotron (dicor)  390 , and a pre-clean erase device  395 . Note that while  FIG. 3  shows 2 ESBs, only one or more than two ESBs may be used in the process described in the disclosed embodiments. 
     The photoreceptor device  320  is shown as a belt being moved by the plurality of rollers  325  which may be connected to a motor (not shown). The photoreceptor device  320  may also be drum or other device that may carry toner to be placed upon a document in the image production device  100 . 
     In the electrostatic cleaning operation, excess toner particles  330  are left on the photoreceptor device  320  as a result of normal printing (a relatively small amount of toner) or from a paper jam in which no document image was transferred (a relatively large amount of toner), for example. 
     As the excess toner particles  330  move toward the ESBs  340 ,  350 , the excess toner particles  330  may be given an optimal negative charge by the pre-clean dicor  390 . The pre-clean erase device  395  (such as a lamp, etc., for example) may neutralize most of the charge remaining on the photoreceptor device  320 . The first ESB  340  and its ESB fibers  355  may be positively-charged and may attract the negatively-charged excess toner particles  330  and the ESB fibers  355  pick up the excess toner particles  330 . 
     As the first ESB  340  is rotated counterclockwise (or clockwise depending on the orientation of the ESB cleaning section  300  and/or the rotation of the photoreceptor device  320 , the flicker bar  370  may loosen the excess toner particles  330  from the ESB fibers  355  and the excess toner particles  330  may be sucked into an air manifold  380 . The excess toner particles  330  may then be sent through the waste collection path  385  and deposited into a waste collection point (not shown). 
     If any excess toner particles  330  evade the ESB fibers  355  of the first ESB  340  (due to being positively-charged, for example), the second ESB  350  may remove any residual toner. The second ESB  350  maybe negatively-charged and rotate in a counterclockwise direction or in the same direction as the first ESB  340 . The excess toner particles  330  may be attracted to the ESB fibers  355  of the second ESB  350  and may be loosened by flicker bar  360 . As with the operation of the first ESB  340 , the excess toner particles  330  may be sucked into an air manifold  380 , sent through the waste collection path  385 , and deposited into a waste collection point. 
     Finally, if any excess toner particles  330  evade both the first and second ESBs  340 ,  350 , the spots blade  310  may prevent particles from remaining on the photoreceptor device  320  by scraping them back into the path of the second ESB  350 . Note that sensor  335  may be any type of sensor known to those of skill in the art that may be used to determine the amount of excess toner particles  330  on the photoreceptor device  320 . 
     Note that within the spirit and scope of this disclosure, the ESBs  340 ,  350  may be rotated at at least two different speeds depending on the existence or non-existence of an image transfer (or paper jam that may prevent the image transfer) or the amount of excess toner particles  330  determined or sensed to exist on the photoreceptor device  320 . 
     For illustrative purposes, the operation of the ESB cleaner controller  250 , the exemplary ESB cleaning section  300 , and the exemplary electrostatic brush cleaning process are described in  FIG. 4  in relation to the block diagrams shown in  FIGS. 1-3 . 
       FIG. 4  is a flowchart of an exemplary electrostatic brush cleaning process in accordance with one possible embodiment of the disclosure. The method begins at  4100 , and continues to  4200  where the ESB cleaning controller  250  may determine if an image transfer occurred in the image production device. If the ESB cleaning controller  250  determines that an image transfer occurred, at step  4300 , the ESB cleaning controller  250  may rotate the first and second ESB  340 ,  350  (or one or more electrostatic brushes) at a first (or low) speed. The process may then go to step  4500  and end. 
     If the ESB cleaning controller  250  determines that the image transfer did not occur, then at step  4400 , the ESB cleaning controller  250  may rotate the one or more ESBs  340 ,  350  at a second (or high) speed. Note that the first speed is slower than the second speed. The process may then go to step  4500  and end. 
       FIGS. 5A-5C  are exemplary diagrams of electrostatic brush cleaning capacities in accordance with one possible embodiment of the disclosure.  FIG. 5A  illustrates a situation  510  where the ESBs  340 ,  350  having a nip  550  must clean excess toner particles  540  at less than a maximum capacity.  FIG. 5B  illustrates a situation  520  where the ESBs  340 ,  350  having a nip  550  must clean excess toner particles  560  at the maximum capacity.  FIG. 5C  illustrates a situation  530  where the ESBs  340 ,  350  having a nip  550  must clean excess toner particles  570  at more than a maximum capacity. 
     The maximum cleaning capacity may be defined as the continuous toner input density that can be completely cleaned in a single pass (or cycle) under the ESBs  340 ,  350 . Toner inputs greater than the maximum cleaning capacity may require additional passes to clean. Each pass under the ESBs  340 ,  350  may remove an amount of toner up to the maximum cleaning capacity. In three cleaning passes, for example, a toner input equal to three times the maximum cleaning capacity may be cleaned. 
     At maximum cleaning capacity as shown in  FIG. 5B , the full width of the cleaning nip  550  for ESBs  340   350  may be used to clean excess toner particles  560  from the photoreceptor device  320 . As shown in  FIG. 5A , excess toner particles  560  equal to half of the maximum cleaning capacity may require half of the cleaning nip  550  to clean the photoreceptor device  320 . As shown in  FIG. 5C , if there are excess toner particles  570  input greater than the maximum cleaning capacity, excess toner particles  580  may pass through the cleaning nip  550 . 
     Non-continuous excess toner particles  570  greater than the cleaning capacity toner input density may be cleaned if they are not too long in the process direction. All ESB fibers  245  may be assumed to collect the same amount of excess toner particles  330  when cleaning at the maximum capacity or greater. The maximum amount of toner that may be cleaned within the brush nip  550  may be equal to the toner input rate (cleaning capacity toner input density times the photoreceptor device  320  speed) times the time to travel through the nip  550  (nip width÷photoreceptor speed). The result may be the cleaning capacity toner input density times the nip width  550 . A toner density greater than the cleaning capacity toner input density (SAD max ) may be cleaned if the length of the image in the process direction (L) is equal to or less than the maximum amount of toner that can be cleaned in the brush nip (SAD max ×NIP) divided by the toner density to be cleaned (D in ):
 
 L =(SAD max   ×NIP )/ D   in  
 
     As an example, a Φ60 cleaning brush with a 2 mm brush-to-photoreceptor interference may have a 21.5 mm nip width. The cleaning capacity may be 0.6 mg/cm 2  continuous solid area input. Since the maximum solid area developed density may be 1.2 mg/cm 2 , two cleaning passes may be required for jam recovery. The ESB cleaning section  300  may be capable of cleaning the maximum solid area developed density (1.2 mg/cm 2 ) in a single cleaning pass if the length of the developed image is less than or equal to half of the nip width  550 , or 10.75 mm. This length may be greater than any normal text font and typical features found on text pages. For half-toned images, the length of the image may be increased based on the reduction in toner density due to the percent half toning used. Therefore, even many longer untransferred image features may be cleanable in a single pass if their halftone densities (D in ) are sufficiently low. 
       FIG. 6  is a diagram of an exemplary halftone dot counting process  600  in accordance with one possible embodiment of the disclosure. Since most image features do not have constant density, the process may be required to convert the requirement for single pass cleaning into a practical decision criteria. One feed-forward method may be to count the developed halftone dots of toner in the process direction. The exemplary halftone dot counting process diagram  600  shows developed halftone dots  620  on photoreceptor device  610 . The developed halftone dots  620  are measured using a sampling zone  630  that is an ESB nip-width long by N halftone dots wide. 
     The number of halftone toner dots  620  in a length equal to the ESB cleaning nip  550  multiplied by the toner mass per dot and divided by the toner dot width may result in the input mass to the cleaner (m in ) that can be compared to the single pass cleaning requirement (SAD max ×NIP). If the input mass to the ESBs  340 ,  350  is greater than the single pass cleaning requirement, then more than one jam recovery cycle may be required. 
     It is unlikely that a high density line only one halftone toner dot wide may not be cleaned in a single pass. Because of halftone dot pattern differences and differences between ESBs  340 ,  350 , such as brush weave density, fiber length, interference-to-photoreceptor, speed and bias, the actual width of the line (N halftone dots wide) that could not be cleaned in a single pass may be determined experimentally for each specific ESB cleaning section  300 . Instead of counting the toner halftone dots in a single process direction line, dots may be counted in a zone that is N dots wide. A register may record the maximum value within a page of a running sum of the number of toner dots in process direction sampling zones  630  having a length equal to the ESB cleaning nip width  550  by N halftone dots wide, as shown by the sampling zone  630 , for example. 
     The maximum toner input mass, M in , is the maximum number of toner halftone dots (n max ) inside a sampling zone  630  as long as the ESB cleaning nip width  550  in the process direction by N halftone dots wide anywhere on the page multiplied by the toner mass per halftone dot (m dot ) and divided by N halftone dot widths (w dot ).
 
 M   in =( n   max   ×m   dot )/( N×w   dot )
 
     If the maximum input mass to the cleaner (M in ) may be less than or equal to the single pass cleaning requirement (SAD max ×NIP), then only a single jam recovery cycle may be needed. If the input mass to the cleaner may greater than the single pass cleaning requirement but less than twice the single pass cleaning requirement, then two jam recovery cycles may be needed. The total number of required jam recovery cycles may be one plus the integer part of M in /(SAD max ×NIP). 
     In a similar manner a full-width array sensor (micro-densitometer array) could be used to measure toner input to the cleaner. Measurements within a specified width zone in the process direction may be integrated to determine the excess toner particle mass  330  into the cleaner over a length equal to the brush nip width  550 . The maximum excess toner particle mass  330  into the ESBs  340 ,  350  measured within the page for all process direction zones may be compared to the single pass cleaning requirement to determine the number of jam recovery cycles required. 
     The full-width array sensor may also be used to determine the number of jam recovery cleaning passes required by directly measuring the amount of excess toner particles  330  that passes under the ESBs  340 ,  350 . Jam recovery cycles may be continued until the full width array senses that the photoreceptor device  320  has been completely cleaned. By combining the feed-forward process of determining the required number of jam recovery cycles from the electronic data representing the image and full-width array sensing of the actual excess toner particles  330  on the photoreceptor device  320 , the feed-forward process may be verified. 
     This process may also serve as a check on machine performance. If the feed-forward prediction of the required number of jam recovery cleaning cycles at high ESB speed is less than the actual number of required cleaning cycles, then either the excess toner particle  330  input rate to the ESBs  340 ,  350  may be greater than expected or the cleaning capacity of the ESBs  340 ,  350  may have deteriorated more than expected. Such a condition may indicate the need for diagnostic evaluation of development and/or ESB cleaning section  300  functions. In the case of the ESB cleaning section  300 , this condition may indicate the need to replace worn or contaminated ESBs  340 ,  350 . Failure to achieve feed forward predictions of cleaning transferred images at slow ESB speed may indicate the need for diagnostic evaluation of development, transfer and/or ESB cleaning section  300  functions. 
     Jam recovery may not be the only normal occurrence of high density toner images entering the ESB cleaning section  300 . Control patches and other features developed outside of the document area may regularly enter the cleaner without having gone through transfer. Typically these features may be given several passes through the ESB cleaning section  300  to be removed. The patches may be developed at a low enough frequency to allow several cleaning passes or they can be moved in position to allow multiple cleaning passes without interrupting normal print productivity. If the ESB cleaning section  300  is operating in the reduced cleaning capacity mode and an untransferred patch must be cleaned more quickly, then the brush speed may be increased momentarily for the high cleaning stress of the patch and then returned to the reduced cleaning capacity mode. 
     In consideration of the above where the ESBs  340 ,  350  may be operated at at least two speed whereby the first speed is slower than the second speed, the ESB cleaning controller  250  may determine if the excess toner particles  330  have been removed from the photoreceptor device  320 . If the ESB cleaning controller  250  determines that the excess toner particles  330  have not been removed, the ESB cleaning controller  250  may rotate the one or more ESBs  340 ,  350  at the second speed for a second cycle. 
     The ESB cleaning controller  250  may determine an amount of excess toner particles  330  to be removed from the photoreceptor device  320 . The ESB cleaning controller  250  may then determine a maximum amount of excess toner particles  330  that can be removed on one cleaning cycle. Using this information, the ESB cleaning controller  250  may determine a number of cleaning cycles needed to clean the excess toner particles  330  based on the determined amount of excess toner particles  330  to be removed from the photoreceptor device  320  and the determined maximum amount of excess toner particles  330  that can be removed on one cleaning cycle. 
     The sensor  335  may sense an amount of excess toner particles  330  on the photoreceptor device  320 . The ESB cleaning controller  250  may determine the speed of the one or more ESBs  340 ,  350  based on the received sensor  335  input. The ESB cleaning controller  250  may also determine the number of cleaning cycles needed to remove the excess toner particles from the photoreceptor device  320  based on the received sensor  335  input. 
     The sensor  335  may also measure excess toner particles  330  input to the one or more ESBs  340 ,  350 . The ESB cleaning controller  250  may determine the number of cleaning cycles needed to remove the excess toner particles  330  from the photoreceptor device  320  based on the measured excess toner particles  330 . 
     The sensor  335  may also serve to count a number of halftone dots  620  of excess toner particles  330  in a direction in which the image transfer was to occur. The ESB cleaning controller  250  may then determine the number of cleaning cycles needed to remove the excess toner particles  330  from the photoreceptor device  320  based on the number of halftone dots  620  of excess toner particles  330  counted. 
     Embodiments as disclosed herein may also include computer-readable media for carrying or having computer-executable instructions or data structures stored thereon. Such computer-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures. When information is transferred or provided over a network or another communications connection (either hardwired, wireless, or combination thereof to a computer, the computer properly views the connection as a computer-readable medium. Thus, any such connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of the computer-readable media. 
     Computer-executable instructions include, for example, instructions and data which cause a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or special purpose processing device to perform a certain function or group of functions. Computer-executable instructions also include program modules that are executed by computers in stand-alone or network environments. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, and data structures, and the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Computer-executable instructions, associated data structures, and program modules represent examples of the program code means for executing steps of the methods disclosed herein. The particular sequence of such executable instructions or associated data structures represents examples of corresponding acts for implementing the functions described therein. It will be appreciated that various of the above-disclosed and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may be desirably combined into many other different systems or applications. Also that various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art which are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims.