Patent Publication Number: US-11640577-B2

Title: Data capture instructions for asset tracking

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 63/039,659, titled “Data Capture Instructions And Trigger Configuration For Asset Tracking Devices”, filed on Jun. 16, 2020, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to telematics, and in particular to asset tracking for telematics systems and the processing of data collected therefor. 
     BACKGROUND 
     A telematics system may track the location of an asset, such as a vehicle, and other data related to the asset, directly through the asset or through an asset tracking device located onboard the asset. The asset, or its asset tracking device, may communicate with a satellite navigation system, such as a Global Positioning System (GPS), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), cellular tower network, Wi-Fi network, or other system to track the location of the asset. An asset tracking device may collect additional information via sensors on the asset tracking device, such as accelerometer data or other data. An asset tracking device may also collect information through a data connection with the asset itself, such as, in the case of a vehicular asset, through an onboard diagnostic port from which engine speed, battery temperature, fuel level, tire pressure, outside temperature, or other asset data may be obtained. Such data may be received and recorded by technical infrastructure of the telematics system and used in the provision of fleet management tools, other telematics services, or for further data analysis. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to an aspect of the disclosure, a method for capturing data from an asset or asset tracking device is provided. The method involves obtaining raw data from a data source onboard an asset and monitoring the raw data for satisfaction of a simplified data capture trigger. The method further involves, when the simplified data capture trigger is satisfied, performing a dataset simplification algorithm on the raw data to generate a simplified set of raw data, and logging the simplified set of raw data, and monitoring the raw data for satisfaction of a rich data capture trigger. The method further involves, when the rich data capture trigger is satisfied, identifying and logging an unsimplified block of raw data for rich data analysis. The unsimplified block of raw data spans a data window that covers a time at which the rich data capture trigger was satisfied. The unsimplified block of raw data contains raw data that is additional to the raw data contained in the simplified set of raw data. The method further involves transmitting the simplified set of raw data and the unsimplified block of raw data to a server. 
     Monitoring the raw data for satisfaction of the rich data capture trigger may involve evaluating the rich data capture trigger for a first data type, and the unsimplified block of raw data may include raw data of the first data type. Evaluation of the rich data capture trigger may include one or more of determining whether a value of a data point in the raw data of the first data type surpasses a first threshold value, and determining whether a composite value of a group of data points in the raw data of the first data type that spans an evaluation window surpasses a second threshold value. The unsimplified block of raw data further may include raw data of a second data type different from the first data type. The raw data of the second data type may span a supplementary data window that is greater in duration than the data window that is spanned by the raw data of the first data type. The asset may include a vehicle, the first data type may include a vehicle accelerometer data, and the second data type may include vehicle speed data or vehicle location data. The simplified set of raw data is to be processed for telematics services, and wherein the method further comprises flagging the unsimplified block of raw data for rich data analysis separate from processing of the simplified set of raw data for the telematics services. The rich data analysis may include machine learning analysis. The data source may include one or more of: an onboard diagnostic port of the asset, a locating device of the asset, a locating device of an asset tracking device onboard the asset, a sensor of the asset, and a sensor of an asset tracking device onboard the asset. The method may further involve buffering the raw data in a raw data buffer where the raw data is monitored for satisfaction of the simplified data capture trigger and the rich data capture trigger. The dataset simplification algorithm may include a line simplification algorithm that reduces a curve of raw data composed of line segments into a similar curve with fewer points. 
     According to another aspect of the disclosure, an asset tracking device is provided. The asset tracking device includes an interface layer to obtain raw data from a data source onboard an asset, a memory to store the raw data, and a controller to execute simplified data capture instructions. The controller executes the simplified data capture instructions to monitor the raw data for satisfaction of a simplified data capture trigger, and when the simplified data capture trigger is satisfied, perform a dataset simplification algorithm on the raw data to generate a simplified set of raw data and log the simplified set of raw data. The controller also executes rich data capture instructions to monitor the raw data for satisfaction of a rich data capture trigger, when the rich data capture trigger is satisfied, identify and log an unsimplified block of raw data for rich data analysis. The unsimplified block of raw data spans a data window that covers a time at which the rich data capture trigger was satisfied. The unsimplified block of raw data contains raw data that is additional to the raw data contained in the simplified set of raw data. The asset tracking device further includes a communication interface to transmit the simplified set of raw data and the unsimplified block of raw data to a server. 
     The asset tracking device may include a raw data buffer to store the raw data to be monitored for satisfaction of the simplified data capture trigger and the rich data capture trigger. The asset tracking device may include logging memory to store the logged simplified set of raw data and the logged unsimplified block of raw data prior to transmission by the communication interface to the server. The asset tracking device may further include a sensor to gather sensor data at the asset tracking device, and a locating device to obtain location data of the asset tracking device, wherein the data source comprises the sensor, the locating device, or an onboard diagnostic port of the asset, and wherein the interface layer comprises a first interface to obtain the sensor data from the sensor, a second interface to obtain the location data from the locating device, and a third interface to obtain asset data from the onboard diagnostic port. 
     According to yet another aspect of the disclosure, a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium is provided. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium stores instructions that when executed cause a controller of an asset or asset tracking device to obtain raw data from a data source onboard the asset and monitor the raw data for satisfaction of a simplified data capture trigger. The instructions further cause the controller to, when the simplified data capture trigger is satisfied, perform a dataset simplification algorithm on the raw data to generate a simplified set of raw data, and log the simplified set of raw data. The instructions further cause the controller to monitor the raw data for satisfaction of a rich data capture trigger, and when the rich data capture trigger is satisfied, identify and log an unsimplified block of raw data for rich data analysis. The unsimplified block of raw data spans a data window that covers a time at which the rich data capture trigger was satisfied. The unsimplified block of raw data contains raw data that is additional to the raw data contained in the simplified set of raw data. The instructions further cause the controller to transmit the simplified set of raw data and the unsimplified block of raw data to a server. 
     The instructions may further cause the controller to monitor the raw data for satisfaction of the rich data capture trigger by evaluating the rich data capture trigger for a first data type, wherein the unsimplified block of raw data comprises raw data of the first data type. Evaluation of the rich data capture trigger may include one or more of: determining whether a value of a data point in the raw data of the first data type surpasses a first threshold value, and determining whether a composite value of a group of data points in the raw data of the first data type that spans an evaluation window surpasses a second threshold value. The unsimplified block of raw data may further include raw data of a second data type different from the first data type. The simplified set of raw data may be processed for telematics services, and w the instructions may further cause the controller to flag the unsimplified block of raw data for rich data analysis separate from processing of the simplified set of raw data for the telematics services. 
     According to yet another aspect of the disclosure, another method for capturing data from an asset or asset tracking device is provided. The method involves obtaining a rich data capture trigger that defines when a controller of an asset or an asset tracking device onboard the asset is to identify and log an unsimplified block of raw data in raw data on the asset tracking device for rich data analysis. The raw data is obtained by the asset tracking device from a data source onboard the asset. The method further involves transmitting data capture instructions to the asset tracking device. The data capture instructions contain the rich data capture trigger. The data capture instructions cause a controller of the asset tracking device to monitor the raw data for satisfaction of a simplified data capture trigger, and, when the simplified data capture trigger is satisfied, perform a dataset simplification algorithm on the raw data to generate a simplified set of raw data, and log the simplified set of raw data. The data capture instructions further cause the controller to monitor the raw data for satisfaction of a rich data capture trigger, and, when the rich data capture trigger is satisfied, identify and log an unsimplified block of raw data for rich data analysis. The unsimplified block of raw data spans a data window that covers a time at which the rich data capture trigger was satisfied. The unsimplified block of raw data contains raw data that is additional to the raw data contained in the simplified set of raw data. The method further involves receiving the simplified set of raw data and the unsimplified block of raw data from the asset tracking device. 
     The method may further involve providing a user interface to configure the rich data capture trigger, wherein the rich data capture trigger is obtained by configuration through the user interface. The user interface may further be to configure the data window. The data capture instructions may cause the controller to monitor the raw data for satisfaction of the rich data capture trigger by evaluating the rich data capture trigger for a first data type, the unsimplified block of raw data may include raw data of the first data type, and the user interface may further be to configure selection of the first data type. Evaluation of the rich data capture trigger may include one or more of: determining whether a value of a data point in the raw data of the first data type surpasses a first threshold value, wherein the user interface is further to configure the first threshold value, and determining whether a composite value of a group of data points in the raw data of the first data type that spans an evaluation window surpasses a second threshold value, wherein the user interface is further to configure the second threshold value. The unsimplified block of raw data may further include raw data of a second data type different from the first data type, and the user interface may further be to configure selection of the second data type. The raw data of the second data type may span a supplementary data window that is greater in duration than the data window that is spanned by the raw data of the first data type, and the user interface may further be to configure the supplementary data window. The unsimplified block of raw data may be flagged by the asset tracking device for separate treatment from the simplified set of raw data, and the method may further involve processing the simplified set of raw data for telematics services and performing rich data analysis on the unsimplified block of raw data. 
     According to yet another aspect of the disclosure, a system for capturing data from assets or asset tracking devices is provided. The system includes an asset tracking device onboard an asset. The asset tracking device is configured to obtain raw data from a data source onboard the asset, monitor the raw data for satisfaction of a simplified data capture trigger, and, when the simplified data capture trigger is satisfied, perform a dataset simplification algorithm on the raw data to generate a simplified set of raw data and log the simplified set of raw data. The asset tracking device is further configured to monitor the raw data for satisfaction of a rich data capture trigger, and, when the rich data capture trigger is satisfied, identify and log an unsimplified block of raw data for rich data analysis. The unsimplified block of raw data spans a data window that covers a time at which the rich data capture trigger was satisfied. The unsimplified block of raw data contains raw data that is additional to the raw data contained in the simplified set of raw data. The asset tracking device is further configured to transmit the simplified set of raw data and the unsimplified block of raw data. The system further includes one or more servers to obtain the rich data capture trigger, transmit data capture instructions to the asset tracking device, the data capture instructions containing the rich data capture trigger, receive the simplified set of raw data and the unsimplified block of raw data from the asset tracking device. 
     The one or more servers may further be to provide a user interface to configure the rich data capture trigger, wherein the rich data capture trigger is obtained by configuration through the user interface. The user interface may further be to configure the data window. The data capture instructions may cause the asset tracking device to monitor the raw data for satisfaction of the rich data capture trigger by evaluating the rich data capture trigger for a first data type, the unsimplified block of raw data may include raw data of the first data type, and the user interface may further be to configure selection of the first data type. Evaluation of the rich data capture trigger may include one or more of: determining whether a value of a data point in the raw data of the first data type surpasses a first threshold value, wherein the user interface is further to configure the first threshold value, and determining whether a composite value of a group of data points in the raw data of the first data type that spans an evaluation window surpasses a second threshold value, wherein the user interface is further to configure the second threshold value. The unsimplified block of raw data may further include raw data of a second data type different from the first data type, and the user interface may further ne to configure selection of the second data type. The raw data of the second data type may span a supplementary data window that is greater in duration than the data window that is spanned by the raw data of the first data type, wherein the user interface is further to configure the supplementary data window. The unsimplified block of raw data may be flagged by the asset tracking device for separate treatment from the simplified set of raw data, and the one or more servers may include a telematics services module to process the simplified set of raw data, and a rich data analysis module to perform rich data analysis on the unsimplified block of raw data. 
     According to another aspect of a disclosure, another non-transitory machine-readable storage medium is provided. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium includes data capture control instructions that when executed cause a processor of a computing device to obtain a rich data capture trigger that defines when a controller of an asset tracking device onboard an asset is to identify and log an unsimplified block of raw data in raw data on the asset tracking device for rich data analysis, the raw data obtained by the asset tracking device from a data source onboard the asset, and transmit data capture instructions to the asset tracking device, the data capture instructions containing the rich data capture trigger. The data capture instructions cause a controller of the asset tracking device to monitor the raw data for satisfaction of a simplified data capture trigger, and, when the simplified data capture trigger is satisfied, perform a dataset simplification algorithm on the raw data to generate a simplified set of raw data, and log the simplified set of raw data. The data capture instructions further cause the controller to monitor the raw data for satisfaction of a rich data capture trigger, and when the rich data capture trigger is satisfied, identify and log an unsimplified block of raw data for rich data analysis and log the unsimplified block of raw data. The unsimplified block of raw data spans a data window that covers a time at which the rich data capture trigger was satisfied. The unsimplified block of raw data contains raw data that is additional to the raw data contained in the simplified set of raw data. The data capture control instructions further cause the processor of the computing device to receive the simplified set of raw data and the unsimplified block of raw data from the asset tracking device. 
     The data capture instructions may cause the controller to monitor the raw data for satisfaction of the rich data capture trigger by evaluating the rich data capture trigger for a first data type, the unsimplified block of raw data may include raw data of the first data type, and the data capture control instructions may further cause the processor to provide a user interface to configure the rich data capture trigger, the data window, and selection of the first data type, wherein the rich data capture trigger is obtained by configuration through the user interface. Evaluation of the rich data capture trigger may include one or more of: determining whether a value of a data point in the raw data of the first data type surpasses a first threshold value, wherein the user interface is further to configure the first threshold value, and determining whether a composite value of a group of data points in the raw data of the first data type that spans an evaluation window surpasses a second threshold value, wherein the user interface is further to configure the second threshold value. The unsimplified block of raw data further may include raw data of a second data type different from the first data type, the raw data of the second data type may span a supplementary data window that is greater in duration than the data window that is spanned by the raw data of the first data type, and the user interface may further be to configure selection of the second data type and the supplementary data window. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a schematic diagram of an example system for capturing data from an asset or asset tracking device. 
         FIG.  2    is a block diagram of an example asset tracking device that captures simplified data for a telematics service and rich data for rich data analysis. 
         FIG.  3    is a flowchart of an example method for capturing data from an asset or asset tracking device. 
         FIG.  4 A  is a data plot displaying example raw data collected at an asset or asset tracking device. 
         FIG.  4 B  is a data plot displaying an example simplified set of raw data derived from the application of a dataset simplification algorithm to the raw data of  FIG.  4 A . 
         FIG.  4 C  is a data plot displaying example unsimplified blocks of raw data derived from the application of a raw data capture algorithm to the raw data of  FIG.  4 A . 
         FIG.  5    is a data plot displaying an example hybridized set of raw data that combines the simplified set of raw data of  FIG.  4 B  and the unsimplified blocks of raw data of  FIG.  4 C . 
         FIG.  6    is a block diagram of another example asset tracking device that captures simplified data and rich data, the asset tracking device including a raw data buffer that receives raw data through a sensor onboard the asset tracking device, a locating device onboard the asset tracking device, and an on-board diagnostic port of the asset. 
         FIG.  7    is a block diagram of example non-transitory machine-readable storage medium that contains simplified data capture instructions and rich data capture instructions. 
         FIG.  8    is another data plot displaying another example hybridized set of raw data, the data plot showing differently sized data windows corresponding to different raw data types collected in unsimplified blocks of raw data. 
         FIG.  9    is a schematic diagram of another example system for capturing data from assets or asset tracking devices, the system including a data capture trigger configuration module to configure rich data capture triggers. 
         FIG.  10    is a flowchart of an example method for capturing data from an asset or asset tracking device that involves transmission of a rich data capture trigger to the asset tracking device. 
         FIG.  11    is a schematic diagram of an example user interface to configure a rich data capture trigger for execution at an asset or asset tracking device. 
         FIG.  12    is a block diagram of another example asset tracking device. 
         FIG.  13    is a flowchart of another example method for capturing data from an asset or asset tracking device. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     A large telematics system may collect data from a very high number of assets, either directly or through asset tracking devices. An asset tracking device may refer to a self-contained device installed at an asset, or a tracking device that is integrated into the asset itself. In either case, it may be said that data is being captured by an asset tracking device. These asset tracking devices may be capable of collecting such large amounts of raw data that the technical infrastructure of the telematics system could be overwhelmed if all of the data that is collected by the devices were to be transmitted to, and processed by, the telematics system. Therefore, asset tracking devices in telematics systems generally transmit only a small proportion of the total number of data points collected for processing, and discard the remainder. 
     An asset tracking device may determine which points to transmit for processing and which data points to discard in a number of ways. For example, the asset tracking device may employ simple periodic sampling, whereby only the data that is collected at regularly spaced time intervals is retained for transmission. Alternatively, the data that is transmitted may be selected algorithmically by a dataset simplification algorithm, whereby only the most significant data points are transmitted. Thus, an asset tracking device may run a dataset simplification algorithm prior to transmitting data to a telematics system to reduce the data collection and processing load on the telematics system while ensuring that the transmitted data maintains a significant degree of utility. 
     The level of detail in the dataset that results from a dataset simplification algorithm may be tuned to be sufficient for fleet management tools and other telematics services without being unduly burdensome to the technical infrastructure of the telematics system. However, this simplified data may lack rich detail the that may be of interest for more advanced analytical techniques. Thus, an asset tracking device that only transmits data that has been passed through a dataset simplification algorithm may be unable to provide the levels of rich raw data to enable certain advanced analytics techniques, such as machine learning analysis. 
     The present disclosure provides techniques for capturing data from an asset tracking device that is sufficiently detailed for a telematics service without overburdening the technical infrastructure of the telematics system, while also capturing sufficiently rich raw data for analytical purposes. These techniques involve an asset tracking device applying a dataset simplification algorithm to the raw data it collects in parallel with a rich data capture algorithm. The asset tracking device employs a dataset simplification algorithm to sparingly select data points suitable for a telematics service, while also monitoring the raw data for the satisfaction of rich data capture triggers in which the raw data exhibits particular signal features that warrant further in-depth analysis. When a rich data capture trigger is satisfied, the asset tracking device captures a block of raw data that has not been simplified by the dataset simplification algorithm for further analysis, and forwards the rich block of raw data to the telematics system for further processing. 
     The application of a rich data capture algorithm in parallel with a dataset simplification algorithm may enable the asset tracking device to capture rich detail around select incidents that would have otherwise been missed by the dataset simplification algorithm. For example, in the case of an asset tracking device tracking a vehicle travelling down a bumpy road, a dataset simplification algorithm would typically avoid logging small bumps and other perturbations in accelerometer data. However, a rich data capture algorithm may be configured to monitor the same raw data that is being fed through the dataset simplification algorithm for particularly interesting features in the accelerometer data—such as a signal feature that is indicative of the vehicle travelling over a pothole—and capture a rich block of raw accelerometer data when the particular signal feature is detected that more thoroughly describes the event. The block of raw data may provide significantly greater insight into the circumstances surrounding the pothole incident than would have been apparent in the data produced by the dataset simplification algorithm. The rich data collected by the rich data capture algorithm may be fed into machine learning models and other analyses for which there may otherwise be insufficient quantities of data to support. 
     Any adverse impacts to the technical infrastructure of the telematics system caused by the transmission of large blocks of raw data may be controlled by configuring the rich data capture trigger to capture only a narrow window of data surrounding the event. Thus, the technical infrastructure of the telematics system may collect small snippets of rich raw data covering particularly interesting periods of time without undue burden. Further, these rich data capture triggers may be configured remotely and pushed to select groups of asset tracking devices on-demand and on a device-by-device so the data collection of the telematics system as a whole is not largely affected by any experimental studies using rich data capture triggers. Thus, a telematics system may remain efficient in its collection of data to support its telematics services without missing opportunities for more rigorous data analysis. 
       FIG.  1    is a schematic diagram of an example system  100  for capturing data from an asset or asset tracking device. The system  100  includes an asset tracking device  110  installed at an asset  102 . The asset tracking device  110  collects data, such as the location of the asset tracking device  110  and sensor data from sensors onboard the asset tracking device  110 . In some examples, such as in the case where the asset  102  is a vehicle, the asset tracking device  110  collects asset data directly from the asset  102  through an onboard diagnostic port. This data is indicated generally as raw data  104 . 
     For collecting location data, the system  100  may further include a locating system (not shown) for tracking the locations of one or more asset tracking devices, including the asset tracking device  110 , such as a Global Positioning System (GPS), a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), a cellular tower network, Wi-Fi networks, or another system which enables the monitoring of the location of asset tracking devices. 
     For exemplary purposes, the asset  102  is shown as a vehicular asset: a transport truck. However, the asset  102  may include any type of vehicular asset, such as a passenger vehicle, construction vehicle, other utility vehicle, naval vessel, airplane, or any other vehicular asset that may be tracked by an asset tracking device. The asset  102  may also include any non-vehicular asset, such as a transport trailer, shipping container, pallet, shipped good, or any other asset which may be tracked by an asset tracking device. Further, in other examples, the asset  102  may include a vehicle or other asset that includes an integrated tracking device (the asset tracking device  110 ) to capture data related to the asset  102 . 
     The system  100  further includes technical infrastructure of a telematics system, indicated as the telematics system  120 . The telematics system  120  records location data, travel histories, and other data captured by asset tracking devices, including the asset tracking device  110 . The telematics system  120  stores information collected from the asset tracking devices, such as location data, accelerometer data, gyroscope data, temperature sensor data, vehicle speed data, or any other data collected by an asset tracking device. The telematics system  120  may further store user accounts and other data associated with the asset tracking devices for the provision of telematics services. 
     The technical infrastructure of the telematics system  120  includes one or more computing devices, indicated, for example, as a server  122 . The server  122  includes a communication interface to communicate with asset tracking devices via one or more computing networks and/or telecommunication networks, a memory to store data, and a controller to execute the methods performed by the telematics system  120  as described herein. For example, the server  122  is shown to provision a telematics services module  124  which provides telematics services to client devices (not shown) using data collected from asset tracking devices. The server  122  is further shown to provision a rich data analysis module  126  which may be employed to analyze data collected from asset tracking devices, as will be discussed in greater detail below. 
     A portion of the raw data  104  collected by the asset tracking device  110  is transmitted to the telematics system  120 , indicated as transmitted data  112 . The transmitted data  112  includes a simplified set of raw data  114  for the provision of telematics services, for example, at the telematics services module  124 . The transmitted data  112  further includes an unsimplified block of raw data  116  for rich data analysis, for example, at the rich data analysis module  126 . The simplified set of raw data  114  is derived from the application of a dataset simplification algorithm on the raw data  104  collected by the asset tracking device  110 . By running a dataset simplification algorithm, only the significant points of data are transmitted to the telematics system  120  without overburdening its technical infrastructure. However, rich raw data that one may wish to obtain from the asset tracking device  110  may be deliberately excluded by such dataset simplification algorithms. Thus, the asset tracking device  110  also runs a rich data capture algorithm to obtain the unsimplified block of raw data  116  from the raw data  104  for rich data analysis. This rich data capture algorithm may run in parallel with the dataset simplification algorithm used to generate the simplified set of raw data  114 . Example methods by which the asset tracking device  110  obtains and transmits such data are discussed in greater detail below. 
       FIG.  2    is a block diagram of an example asset tracking device  200  that captures simplified data and rich data. The asset tracking device  200  may be understood to be one example of the asset tracking device  110  of  FIG.  1   . The asset tracking device  200  is onboard an asset  202 , which may be similar to the asset  102  of  FIG.  1   . 
     The asset tracking device  200  includes an interface layer  210  to obtain raw data from a data source onboard the asset  202 . The data source may include a sensor of the asset tracking device  200 , a sensor of the asset  202 , a locating device of the asset tracking device  200  (e.g., a GPS device located on the asset tracking device  200 ), a locating device of the asset  202  (e.g., a GPS device located on the asset), or, in examples in which the asset  202  is a vehicle, an onboard diagnostic port of the asset  202 . In any case, the interface layer  210  obtains raw data from such a data source and includes one or more interfaces for receiving raw data from the data source. 
     The asset tracking device  200  further includes a memory  220  that stores at least a portion of the raw data collected through the interface layer  210 , including a simplified set of raw data  222  and an unsimplified block of raw data  224 . As discussed herein, the simplified set of raw data  222  is derived from a dataset simplification algorithm, and the unsimplified block of raw data  224  is derived from a rich data capture algorithm. The memory  220  may include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), flash memory, magnetic storage, optical storage, and similar, or any combination thereof. Although only a single simplified set of raw data  222  and a single unsimplified block of raw data  224  are shown, this is for illustrative purposes only, and it is to be understood that the memory  220  may contain several simplified sets of raw data  222  and several unsimplified blocks of raw data  224  at a time. The number of such data sets and data blocks stored on the memory  220  at any given time may depend on a number of factors, such as the memory size of the memory  220 , the frequency with which such data are logged, and the frequency with which such data are transmitted to a telematics system. 
     The asset tracking device  200  further includes a controller  230  to execute simplified data capture instructions  232  and rich data capture instructions  234 . The controller includes one or more of a processor, microprocessor, microcontroller (MCU), central processing unit (CPU), processing core, state machine, logic gate array, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or similar, capable of executing, whether by software, hardware, firmware, or a combination of such, the actions performed by the controller  230  as described herein. The controller  230  includes a memory, which may include ROM, RAM, flash memory, magnetic storage, optical storage, and similar, or any combination thereof, for storing instructions and data as discussed herein, including the simplified data capture instructions  232  and rich data capture instructions  234 . 
     The simplified data capture instructions  232  cause the controller  230  to monitor the raw data collected by the asset tracking device  200  for satisfaction of a simplified data capture trigger, and, when the simplified data capture trigger is satisfied, perform a dataset simplification algorithm on the raw data to generate the simplified set of raw data  222 , and, log the simplified set of raw data  222 . 
     The simplified data capture trigger may be triggered based on hardware limitations of the asset tracking device  200 , such as, for example, when a raw data buffer reaches a limit to the amount of raw data it can store, or based on telematics service standards, such as, for example, a frequency with which the data at the telematics system is to be updated. Example simplified data capture triggers are described with reference to  FIG.  7   , below. 
     The dataset simplification algorithm determines which data points should be recorded for transmission to the telematics system (i.e., the data points that are most useful to providing a telematics service), and which data points should be discarded (i.e., the data points which provide little useful information to a telematics service). The dataset simplification algorithm may include a line simplification algorithm that reduces a curve of raw data composed of line segments into a similar curve with fewer points. An example of such a line simplification algorithm is the Ramer-Douglas-Peucker algorithm. 
     The rich data capture instructions  234  cause the controller  230  to monitor the raw data for satisfaction of a rich data capture trigger, and when the rich data capture trigger is satisfied, identify and log the unsimplified block of raw data  224  for rich data analysis. 
     The rich data capture trigger is a trigger that detects a feature of the raw data that warrants further analysis (e.g., a significant disturbance in kinematic sensor data), and causes a block of raw data that captures the event to be stored and transmitted to the telematics system. Evaluation of the raw data capture trigger may involve determining whether a value of a data point in the raw data of the first data type surpasses a threshold value (e.g., when accelerometer data in the Z axis exceeds 2.5 g), determining whether a composite value of a group of data points in the raw data of the first data type that spans an evaluation window surpasses a threshold value (e.g., when a change in engine voltage of greater than 0.5V is detected within a one-second or a two-second window, or when the sum of X axis accelerometer data and Y axis accelerometer data exceeds a threshold more than five times within ten seconds), or by another determination. Example rich data capture triggers are described with reference to  FIG.  7   , below. 
     Monitoring the raw data for satisfaction of the rich data capture trigger may involve evaluating the rich data capture trigger for a first data type. That is, the rich data capture trigger may detect a particular signal feature in a particular data type, such as accelerometer data, gyroscope data, vehicle speed data, engine temperature data, or another data type. Further, the unsimplified block of raw data  224  may comprise raw data of this first data type. That is, when the rich data capture trigger detects a particular signal feature in accelerometer data, the rich data capture trigger causes a block of accelerometer sensor data to be logged and transmitted to the telematics system. 
     Further, the unsimplified block of raw data  224  may also comprise raw data of a second data type that is different from the first data type. The second data type may be complementary to the first data type in that it may provide additional contextual information about the event that triggered the satisfaction of the rich data capture trigger. For example, in the case of a rich data capture trigger that is designed to capture information surrounding possible vehicle accidents or collisions, the first data type may be a kind of vehicle kinematic data (e.g., accelerometer data or gyroscope data), which is likely to provide the strongest indicator of a collision, and the second data type may include vehicle speed data or vehicle location data, which is likely to provide useful contextual information surrounding the collision. 
     The unsimplified block of raw data  224  spans a data window that covers a time at which the rich data capture trigger was satisfied. The data window may be sufficiently large and of sufficient resolution to provide sufficient contextual information surrounding the event that triggered the rich data capture trigger so that advanced data analysis techniques, such as machine learning techniques, may be applied to the unsimplified block of raw data  224 . In other words, advantageously, the unsimplified block of raw data  224  contains raw data that is additional to the raw data contained in the simplified set of raw data  222 . That is, the unsimplified block of raw data  224  contains raw data that was discarded by the dataset simplification algorithm that was used to generate the simplified set of raw data  222 . 
     The unsimplified block of raw data  224  may capture raw data both before and after the time at which the rich data capture trigger is satisfied. When the unsimplified block of raw data  224  contains more than one type of raw data, the data window for any of the types of raw data may be different. In the example above regarding vehicle accident detection, the data window for vehicle accelerometer data may span about two seconds (about 1 second on either side of the signal feature that satisfied the trigger), but the data window for vehicle location data may span about ten seconds (about 5 seconds on either side of the signal feature). The data window for the second type of raw data may be different from the data window for the first type of raw data for hardware limitation reasons. For example, vehicle location data may only include data points that were gathered about every second, and thus, a data window that is larger than one second will capture significantly more data points of location data than a data window spanning only one second. The data windows for data types that are collected at a higher rate (e.g., accelerometer data) may be smaller than data windows for data types that are collected at a lower rate (e.g., vehicle location data) to ensure that adequate amounts of data of each data type are captured without capturing an unduly large amount of data. Other examples of data windows of different sizes are illustrated in  FIG.  8   , below. 
     Typically, the unsimplified block of raw data  224  may be an unedited block of all of the data points of the relevant data types that were collected by the asset tracking device  200  throughout the relevant data windows surrounding the event that led to the satisfaction of the rich data capture trigger. In some examples, the unsimplified block of raw data  224  need not contain an entirely unedited block of raw data. It is contemplated that the simplified block of raw data  224  may be reduced from the actual raw data collected by the asset tracking device  200 , by, for example, various data smoothing, filtration, interpolation, averaging, or other data reduction means, provided that the unsimplified block of raw data  224  is not simplified in the same manner as the simplified set of raw data  222  and retains more resolution than the simplified set of raw data  222 . 
     Further, although the additional contextual data that is captured in addition to the data type that triggers a rich data capture trigger may be collected from raw data, in some examples, such additional contextual data may be collected from data that has already been processed by a dataset simplification algorithm. Thus, while the contextual data may not necessarily provide additional raw data points, the contextual data may be bundled together with the additional raw data collected by the rich data capture trigger to provide additional context. 
     The asset tracking device  200  further includes a communication interface  240  to transmit the simplified set of raw data  222  and the unsimplified block of raw data  224  a server  204  of a telematics system, which may be similar to the server  122  of the telematics system  120  of  FIG.  1   . The communication interface  240  may include a cellular modem, such as an LTE-M modem, CAT-M modem, or other cellular modem configured for bidirectional communication via the network with which asset tracking device  200  may communicate with the server  204 . 
     The unsimplified block of raw data  224  may be flagged (at any point between logging and transmission) as being intended for separate processing from the simplified set of raw data, which will generally be used to support telematics services. Thus, the unsimplified block of raw data  224  may be rerouted by the server  204  to an appropriate place for data analysis (e.g., the rich data analysis module  126  of  FIG.  1   ), without disrupting the telematics service with large quantities of rich data. 
     Further, each unsimplified block of raw data  224  may be labelled according to the particular rich data capture trigger used to capture the data. For example, an unsimplified block of raw data  224  that was captured due to the detection of a disturbance in accelerometer data that may be indicative of a vehicle collision, that unsimplified block of raw data  224  may be labelled as potentially pertaining to a vehicle collision. Similarly, an unsimplified block of raw data  224  that was captured due to the detection of a disturbance in accelerometer data that may be indicative of the asset travelling over a pothole, that unsimplified block of raw data  224  may be labelled as potentially pertaining to a pothole incident. Thus, researchers may be able to analyze the unsimplified blocks of raw data  224  and track the emergence of such raw data more effectively. 
     Thus, the asset tracking device  200  may provide a telematics system with both simplified data for a telematics service and rich data for more rigorous data analysis when particular signal features are detected in the raw data. 
       FIG.  3    is a flowchart of an example method  300  for capturing data from an asset or asset tracking device. The method  300  may be understood to be one example of how the asset tracking device  200  of  FIG.  2    captures raw data relating to an asset. Thus, for exemplary purposes, the method  300  will be described with reference to the asset tracking device  200  of  FIG.  2   . Further, the blocks of the method  300  are elaborated upon above with reference to the appropriate components of the asset tracking device  200  of  FIG.  2   . However, it is to be understood that the method  300  may be applied by other asset tracking devices. 
     At block  302 , the interface layer  210  of the asset tracking device  200  obtains raw data from a data source onboard the asset  202 . As described above, the data source may include a sensor, locating device, or onboard diagnostic port. 
     At block  304 , the controller  230  monitors the raw data for satisfaction of a simplified data capture trigger. The simplified data capture trigger is included in the simplified data capture instructions  232 . As described above, the simplified data capture trigger is a trigger that determines when the raw data is to be evaluated for simplification and logged for transmission to a telematics system. 
     At block  306 , when the simplified data capture trigger is satisfied, the controller  230  performs a dataset simplification algorithm on the raw data to generate the simplified set of raw data  222 , and at block  308 , logs the simplified set of raw data  222  in memory  220 . As described above, the dataset simplification algorithm determines which data points should be recorded for transmission to the telematics system and which data points should be discarded. 
     At block  310 , the controller  230  monitors the raw data for satisfaction of a rich data capture trigger. The rich data capture trigger is included in the rich data capture instructions  234 . Monitoring of the raw data for the rich data capture trigger may take place in parallel with monitoring the raw data for the simplified data capture trigger. As described above, the rich data capture trigger is a trigger that detects a feature of the raw data that warrants further analysis, and causes a block of raw data that captures details surrounding the event to be stored and transmitted to the telematics system. 
     At block  312 , when the rich data capture trigger is satisfied, the controller  230  identifies the unsimplified block of raw data  224  in the raw data for rich data analysis and, at block  314 , logs the unsimplified block of raw data  224  in memory  220 . As described above, the unsimplified block of raw data  224  spans a data window that covers a time at which the rich data capture trigger was satisfied, and may include one or more data types spanning one or more data windows. 
     At block  316 , the communication interface  240  transmits the simplified set of raw data  222  and the unsimplified block of raw data  224  to the server  204 . As described above, these data may be flagged and/or transmitted separately or together according to any program that controls the transmission of data from the asset tracking device  200  to the server  204 , and may be used in a telematics service or for rich data analysis, as appropriate. 
     The method  300  may be embodied in instructions (such as the simplified data capture instructions  232  and rich data capture instructions  234 ) stored on a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium that is executable by the controller  230  to perform the method  300 . The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium may include ROM, RAM, flash memory, magnetic storage, optical storage, and similar, or any combination thereof, for storing instructions and data as discussed herein. 
     Thus, a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium may contain instructions that when executed cause the controller  230  to obtain raw data from a data source onboard the asset  202  and monitor the raw data for satisfaction of a simplified data capture trigger. When the simplified data capture trigger is satisfied, the instructions may cause the controller  230  to perform a dataset simplification algorithm on the raw data to generate the simplified set of raw data  222  and log the simplified set of raw data  222 . The instructions may further cause the controller  230  to monitor the raw data for satisfaction of a rich data capture trigger. When the rich data capture trigger is satisfied, the instructions may cause the controller  230  to identify the unsimplified block of raw data  224  in the raw data for rich data analysis, log the unsimplified block of raw data  224 , and transmit the simplified set of raw data  222  and the unsimplified block of raw data  224  to a server. The unsimplified block of raw data  224  may span a data window that covers a time at which the rich data capture trigger was satisfied. The unsimplified block of raw data  224  may contain raw data that is additional to the raw data contained in the simplified set of raw data. 
       FIG.  4 A  is a data plot  400 A displaying example raw data  402  collected at an asset or asset tracking device. The raw data  402  may be understood to be one example of the raw data collected by the asset tracking device  200  of  FIG.  2   . The raw data may include any data collected from a data source onboard an asset. For example, the raw data  402  may be a composite of XY plane accelerometer data collected from an accelerometer of the asset tracking device. The raw data  402  is shown in a smooth solid line to indicate that the raw data  402  is of high resolution. The data plot  400 A is shown with arbitrary units of magnitude along the Y axis and arbitrary units of time along the X axis for exemplary purposes only. 
       FIG.  4 B  is a data plot  400 B displaying an example simplified set of raw data  410  derived from the application of a dataset simplification algorithm to the raw data  402  of  FIG.  4 A . The simplified set of raw data  410  contains far fewer data points than the raw data  402  itself. The simplified set of raw data  410  is shown as a set of circular data points  412 . Dashed lines between the data points  412  indicate interpolated values where no data points are stored between the data points  412 . The data plot  400 B is shown with arbitrary units of magnitude along the Y axis and arbitrary units of time along the X axis for exemplary purposes only. 
       FIG.  4 C  is a data plot  400 C displaying example unsimplified blocks of raw data  420 ,  422  derived from the application of a raw data capture algorithm to the raw data of  402   FIG.  4 A . The unsimplified blocks of raw data  420 ,  422  may be understood to be examples of the unsimplified block of raw data  224  captured by the asset tracking device  200  of  FIG.  2   . The unsimplified blocks of raw data  420 ,  422  span rich data windows  424 ,  426 , respectively. The unsimplified blocks of raw data  420 ,  422  may be understood to be snippets of the raw data  402  covered by the rich data windows  424 ,  426 . As can be seen by comparison to the simplified set of raw data  410  of  FIG.  4 B , the unsimplified blocks of raw data  420 ,  422  contain significantly more data points than the simplified set of raw data  410 , which may be particularly useful for rich data analysis, such as machine learning. 
       FIG.  5    is a data plot  500  displaying an example hybridized set of raw data  502  that contains the simplified set of raw data  410  of  FIG.  4 B  and the unsimplified blocks of raw data  420 ,  422  of  FIG.  4 C . The hybridized set of raw data  502  contains small amounts of data throughout its duration that would be sufficiently detailed to support a telematics service (the simplified set of raw data  410 ), in addition to highly detailed snippets of raw data for rich data analysis that provide detailed descriptions of particularly interesting events that occur in the raw data (the unsimplified blocks of raw data  420 ,  422 ). The hybridized set of raw data  502  illustrates how the techniques described herein may be applied to enable an asset tracking device to capture raw data in an efficient matter during a majority of its operation while collecting short high-density snippets of data to describe interesting events detected in the raw data. 
       FIG.  6    is a block diagram of another example asset tracking device  600  that captures simplified data and rich data. The asset tracking device  600  is similar to the asset tracking device  200  of  FIG.  2   , with components numbered in the “600” series rather than the “200” series. Thus, the asset tracking device  600  is located onboard an asset  602 , and includes an interface layer  610 , a logging memory  620  containing a simplified set of raw data  622  and unsimplified block of raw data  624 , a controller  630  to execute simplified data capture instructions  632  and rich data capture instructions  634 , and a communication interface  640  to communicate with a server  604 . For further description of these components, reference may be had to the like components in the description of the asset tracking device  200  of  FIG.  2   . 
     In the present example, the asset  602  includes a vehicle, such as a transport truck or passenger vehicle, that features an onboard diagnostic port  603 . The onboard diagnostic port  603  provides access to asset data (e.g., vehicle information data) that can be obtained by an interface of the interface layer  610 . Thus, the interface layer  610  is able to gather engine speed data, battery voltage, fuel level, and other data made available through the onboard diagnostic port. Further, the asset tracking device includes a sensor  614  to gather sensor data at the asset tracking device  600 . The sensor  614  may include a kinematic sensor (e.g., an accelerometer or gyroscope), magnetometer, temperature sensor, or another type of sensor that can be obtained by an interface of the interface layer  610 . The asset tracking device  600  may include multiple sensors  614 . The asset tracking device  600  further includes a locating device  616  to obtain location data of the asset tracking device  600 . The locating device  616  may include a GPS module, GNSS module (e.g., an U-BLOX ZOE M8G), or other interface to obtain a location from a locating system and that can be obtained by an interface of the interface layer  610 . The asset tracking device  600  may include multiple locating devices  616 . Any of the onboard diagnostic port  603 , sensor  614 , and locating device  616  may be referred to as a data source. 
     The interface layer  610  may receive raw data from the sensor  614 , locating device  616 , or the onboard diagnostic port  603 . The asset tracking device  600  further includes a raw data buffer  612  to buffer such raw data received from the interface layer  610 . The raw data buffer  612  provides temporary memory storage for the raw data before it is logged to the logging memory  620 . When the controller  630  executes simplified data capture instructions  632  and rich data capture instructions  634 , the controller  630  may monitor the raw data in the raw data buffer  612  for satisfaction of a simplified dataset logging trigger or a rich data capture trigger. Thus, raw data flows from one or more of the onboard diagnostic port  603 , sensor  614 , and locating device  616 , through to the interface layer  610 , and stored temporarily on the raw data buffer  612 , after which a portion of the raw data is logged in logging memory  620  (as a simplified set of raw data  622  or an unsimplified block of raw data  624 ), prior to transmission by the communication interface  640  to the server  604 . 
     The size of the data window that is spanned by the unsimplified block of raw data  624  may be determined in part by a characteristic of the raw data buffer  612 , such as its size or refresh rate. In particular, the maximum amount of data that is included in the data window prior to the incident that satisfies the rich data capture trigger may be determined by the amount of raw data of the relevant data type that is stored in the raw data buffer  612  before the raw data buffer  612  is overwritten (as any earlier data may have been overwritten), but the maximum amount of data that is included in the data window after the incident may not be so limited. For example, if the raw data buffer  612  is capable of storing 1000 ms of accelerometer data before accelerometer data becomes overwritten, the data window for accelerometer data in any unsimplified block of raw data  624  may include data up to 1000 ms prior to satisfaction of the rich data capture trigger, and may include 1000 ms or more of accelerometer data after satisfaction of the rich data capture trigger. As will be seen below (e.g., in  FIG.  11   ), the size of the data window after the satisfaction of the rich data capture trigger may be further configurable. 
       FIG.  7    is a block diagram of example non-transitory machine-readable storage medium  700  that contains simplified data capture instructions  710  and rich data capture instructions  750 . The simplified data capture instructions  710  may be understood to be one example of the simplified data capture instructions  632  of  FIG.  6   , and the rich data capture instructions  750  may be understood to be one exampled of the rich data capture instructions  634  of  FIG.  6   , each of which may be stored on memory of the controller  630 . Thus, for convenience, description of the instructions  710  and instructions  750  will be made with reference to the asset tracking device  600  of  FIG.  6   , but this is not limiting, and the instructions  710 ,  750  may be performed by other systems and/or devices. 
     The simplified data capture instructions  710  contains simplified data capture triggers  712 ,  714 ,  716 , and  718 , each of which cause the controller  630  to log a simplified set of raw data  622  when obtainment of the raw data results in satisfaction of a simplified data capture trigger, such as when a particular signal feature in the raw data is detected or when a particular operating condition of the asset tracking device  600  is met. It is emphasized that the simplified data capture instructions  710  shown are for exemplary purposes only, and the simplified data capture instructions  710  may contain other or additional simplified data capture triggers. 
     For example, the buffer fill trigger  712  may cause the controller  630  to log a simplified set of raw data  622  when the raw data buffer  612  becomes full of either a particular data type or as a whole. When the raw data buffer  612  becomes full, the controller  630  may perform a dataset simplification algorithm on the data present in the raw data buffer  612  and store the resulting simplified dataset in the memory  220  prior to the raw data buffer  612  being cleared or overwritten. Thus, data may be logged in accordance with a hardware limitation of the asset tracking device  200 . 
     As another example, the timeout trigger  714  may cause the controller  630  to log a simplified set of raw data  622  when a timeout value is reached. When no simplified set of raw data  622  has been logged within a particular time (e.g., 100 seconds), the controller  630  may perform a dataset simplification algorithm on the data present in the raw data buffer  612  and store the resulting simplified dataset in the logging memory  620 . Thus, a baseline frequency for data logging may be maintained. 
     As another example, the start-stop trigger  716  may cause the controller  630  to log a simplified set of raw data  622  when the asset  602  is determined to have come to a stop or has started moving from a stop. When the asset  602  is determined to have come to a stop or have started moving from a stop, which may have been determined by an analysis of location data obtained by the locating device  616 , the controller  630  may perform a dataset simplification algorithm on the data present in the raw data buffer  612  and store the resulting simplified dataset in the logging memory  620 . Thus, it may be ensured that data pertaining to critical points in the travel of the asset  202 , which may include starts and stops, are logged. 
     As another example, the location discrepancy trigger  718  may cause the controller  630  to log a simplified set of raw data  622  when the measured location of the asset tracking device  200  is determined to differ excessively from a predicted position of the asset tracking device  200 . That is, the asset tracking device  200  may periodically predict its future position, and when location data obtained by the locating device  616  indicates that the asset tracking device  200  is distant from that future position by a particular threshold value, the controller  630  may perform a dataset simplification algorithm on the data present in the raw data buffer  612  and store the resulting simplified dataset in the logging memory  620 . 
     Again, it is emphasized that the simplified data capture instructions  710  shown are for exemplary purposes only, and the simplified data capture instructions  710  may contain additional simplified data capture triggers, including triggers which may be satisfied by criteria pertaining to other data types in the raw data or other operating conditions of the asset tracking device  200 . 
     Similarly, the rich data capture instructions  750  contains rich data capture triggers  752 ,  754 , and  756 , each of which cause the controller  630  to log an unsimplified block of raw data  624  when certain criteria are met. It is emphasized that the rich data capture instructions  750  shown are for exemplary purposes only, and the rich data capture instructions  750  may contain other or additional rich data capture triggers. 
     For example, the XY accelerometer trigger  752  may cause the controller  630  to log an unsimplified block of raw data  624  when a composite of accelerometer data in the X direction and accelerometer data in the Y direction exceeds a threshold value (e.g., 2.5 g). That is, the sensor  614  includes an accelerometer, and when the controller  630  detects a disturbance in the XY plane that surpasses a threshold value, the controller  630  causes an unsimplified block of raw data  624  to be logged to the logging memory  620 . 
     The XY accelerometer trigger  752  may be employed for the detection and analysis of incidents in which the asset  602  (e.g., a vehicle) is involved in a vehicle collision or other minor damage and impact-related event. The unsimplified block of raw data  624  that is logged may contain accelerometer data in the X and Y directions, and may further contain accelerometer data in the Z direction, engine speed data collected through the onboard diagnostic port  603 , location data collected from the locating device  616 , or any other data that may assist in the analysis of a vehicle collision or other impact-related event. Thus, data collected from the XY accelerometer trigger  752  may be used in vehicle collision reconstruction, vehicle impact analysis, and other forms of analysis. Such analyses may be particularly benefited by the rich set of data provided by the unsimplified block of raw data  624 , which may enable advanced forms of analytics, including machine learning techniques. 
     As another example, the Z accelerometer trigger  754  may cause the controller  630  to log an unsimplified block of raw data  624  when accelerometer data in the Z direction exceeds a threshold value. That is, the sensor  614  includes an accelerometer, and when the controller  630  detects a disturbance in the Z direction that surpasses a threshold value, the controller  630  causes an unsimplified block of raw data  624  to be logged to the logging memory  620 . 
     The Z accelerometer trigger  754  may be employed for the detection and analysis of incidents in which the asset  602  (e.g., a vehicle) is involved in travelling over a pothole, speedbump, or other abnormal surface. The unsimplified block of raw data  624  that is logged may contain accelerometer data in the Z direction, and may further contain accelerometer data in the X and Y directions, engine speed data collected through the onboard diagnostic port  603  location data collected from the locating device  616 , or any other data that may assist in the analysis of an event in which the asset  602  travels over a pothole, speedbump, or other abnormal surface. 
     As another example, the magnetometer discrepancy trigger  756  may cause the controller  630  to log an unsimplified block of raw data  624  when a magnetometer reading differs from a gyroscopic reading. That is, the asset tracking device  600  may include a gyroscope (a sensor  614 ) and a magnetometer (another sensor  614 ) to calibrate the yaw dimension measured by the gyroscope, and when the controller  630  detects a discrepancy between the magnetometer and the gyroscope that exceeds a threshold value, the controller  630  causes an unsimplified block of raw data  624  to be logged to the logging memory  620 . The unsimplified block of raw data  624  that is logged may contain magnetometer data and gyroscope data. 
     Again, it is emphasized that the rich data capture instructions  750  shown are for exemplary purposes only, and the rich data capture instructions  750  may contain additional rich data capture triggers, including triggers which may be satisfied by criteria pertaining to other data types in the raw data or other operating conditions of the asset tracking device  200 . 
       FIG.  8    is a data plot  800  that displays a hybridized set of raw data  800  that is similar to the hybridized set of raw data  502  of  FIG.  5   , with elements numbered in the “800” series rather than the “500” series. Thus, the hybridized set of raw data  800  includes a simplified set of raw data  810  and unsimplified blocks of raw data  820 ,  822 . 
     However, the unsimplified blocks of raw data  820 ,  822  contain raw data of different data types spanning differently sized rich data windows  824 ,  826 , and  828 ,  830 , respectively. These unsimplified blocks of raw data  820 ,  822  may have been generated when the satisfaction of a rich data capture trigger caused additional contextual data of a different data type than the data type evaluated for satisfaction of the rich data capture trigger to be logged. 
     For example, the unsimplified block of raw data  820  may have been logged upon satisfaction of the XY accelerometer trigger  752  of  FIG.  7   , and the unsimplified block of raw data  820  may include XY accelerometer data (a first data type) spanning the rich data window  826 , and may further contain vehicle location data (a second data type) spanning the rich data window  824 . The rich data window  826  may be a more narrow window of highly dense data, whereas the rich data window  824  may be a broader window of less dense data. That is, the XY accelerometer data may be collected at a higher frequency than the vehicle location data, and thus the vehicle location data may be collected over a broader data window to ensure that an adequate number of location points are logged to provide sufficient context around the incident. For example, the XY accelerometer data may be collected at a frequency of about 100 Hz (one hundred times per second), and its data window may span about two seconds in length, whereas the vehicle location data may be collected at a frequency of about 1 Hz (once per second), and its data window may span about ten seconds in length. The rich data window  824  spanned by the vehicle location data may be referred to as a supplementary data window because it provides supplementary data to the data type that was evaluated for satisfaction of the rich data capture trigger. 
       FIG.  9    is a schematic diagram of another example system  900  for capturing data from assets or asset tracking devices. The system  900  is similar to the system  100  of  FIG.  1   , and thus includes an asset tracking device  910  onboard an asset  902  to obtain raw data  904  from a data source onboard the asset  902 . Further, the asset tracking device  910  monitors the raw data  904  for satisfaction of a simplified data capture trigger, and when the simplified data capture trigger is satisfied, performs a dataset simplification algorithm on the raw data  904  to generate a simplified set of raw data  914  and log the simplified set of raw data  914 . Further, the asset tracking device  910  monitors the raw data  904  for satisfaction of a rich data capture trigger, and when the rich data capture trigger is satisfied, identifies an unsimplified block of raw data  916  in the raw data  904  for rich data analysis and logs the unsimplified block of raw data  916 . The asset tracking device  910  transmits the simplified set of raw data  914  and the unsimplified block of raw data  916 , shown as transmitted data  912 , to a telematics system  920 , which includes the server  922 . The server  922  runs a telematics services module  924  and a rich data analysis module  926 . For further description of the above components, the system  100  of  FIG.  1    may be referenced. 
     However, in the system  900 , the server  922  provides a data capture trigger configuration module  928  to configure a rich data capture trigger, which may be included in data capture instructions  930  and transmitted to the asset tracking device  910 . The rich data capture trigger defines when a controller of the asset tracking device  910  onboard the asset  902  is to identify and log an unsimplified block of raw data  916  for rich data analysis. 
     The data capture instructions  930  may contain a complete set of instructions to cause the asset tracking device  910  to capture the raw data  904  according to a dataset simplification algorithm (such as, as, for example, in the simplified data capture instructions  232  of  FIG.  2   .) and a rich data capture algorithm (such as, for example, in the rich data capture instructions  234  of  FIG.  2   ), or may be in the form of merely an update to existing instructions onboard the asset tracking device  910  in which the asset tracking device  910  is configured with a new rich data capture trigger. In either case, the data capture instructions  930  contain a rich data capture trigger obtained by the data capture trigger configuration module  928 . 
     The data capture trigger configuration module  928  obtains, whether through selection from a database or through generation via a user interface, a rich data capture trigger. The data capture trigger configuration module  928  may provide a user interface, accessible by a user with access to the telematics system  920 , to configure the rich data capture trigger. An example of such a user interface is shown in  FIG.  11   , below. 
     Thus, the server  922  obtains the rich data capture trigger, transmits data capture instructions  930  to the asset tracking device  910 , and, following data capture onboard the asset tracking device  910 , receives the simplified set of raw data  914  and the unsimplified block of raw data  916  from the asset tracking device  910 . 
       FIG.  10    is a flowchart of an example method  1000  for capturing data from an asset or asset tracking device. The method  1000  involves transmission of a rich data capture trigger to the asset tracking device. The method  1000  may be understood to be one example of a method by which the server  922  configures the asset tracking device  910  with data capture instructions  930  that contain the rich data capture trigger, and obtains the simplified set of raw data  914  and unsimplified block of raw data  916  from the asset tracking device  910 . However, this is not limiting, it is to be understood that the method  1000  may be performed by other systems and/or devices. 
     At block  1002 , the server  922  obtains a rich data capture trigger that defines when a controller of the asset tracking device  910  onboard an asset  902  is to identify the unsimplified block of raw data  916  in raw data  904  on the asset tracking device  910  for rich data analysis. The raw data  904  is obtained by the asset tracking device  910  from a data source onboard the asset  902 . 
     At block  1004 , the server  922  transmits data capture instructions  930  to the asset tracking device  910 . As described above, the data capture instructions  930  may contain a complete set of instructions or merely an update to instructions for the asset tracking device  910 . 
     The data capture instructions  930  cause a controller of the asset tracking device  910  to monitor the raw data  904  for satisfaction of a simplified data capture trigger. When the simplified data capture trigger is satisfied, the controller of the asset tracking device  910  performs a dataset simplification algorithm on the raw data  904  to generate the simplified set of raw data  914 , and logs the simplified set of raw data  914 . The data capture instructions  930  further cause the controller to monitor the raw data  904  for satisfaction of a rich data capture trigger, and when the rich data capture trigger is satisfied, identify the unsimplified block of raw data  916  in the raw data  904  for rich data analysis and log the unsimplified block of raw data  916 . The unsimplified block of raw data  916  spans a data window that covers a time at which the rich data capture trigger was satisfied. The unsimplified block of raw data  916  contains raw data that is additional to the raw data contained in the simplified set of raw data  914 . 
     Following data capture onboard the asset tracking device  910 , at block  1006 , the server  922  receives the simplified set of raw data  914  and the unsimplified block of raw data  916  from the asset tracking device  910 . 
     The method  1000  may involve the server  922  providing a user interface to configure the rich data capture trigger and/or the data window so that the rich data capture trigger may be obtained by configuration through the user interface. The data capture instructions  930  may cause a controller of the asset tracking device  910  to, as discussed above, evaluate a rich data capture trigger with respect to one or more data types, which may involve determining whether a value or a composite value of such data types surpass a threshold values, and capture relevant raw data across one or more data windows that may be of different duration. The user interface provided by the server  922  may enable the configuration of any of such data types, threshold values, data windows, or any other aspect of such rich data capture triggers. 
     The method  1000  may involve the technical infrastructure of the telematics system  920 , as represented by the server  922 , flagging the unsimplified block of raw data  916  for separate treatment from the simplified set of raw data  914 . Further, the method  1000  may further involve the server  922  processing the simplified set of raw data  914  for telematics services via the telematics services module  924 , and performing rich data analysis on the unsimplified block of raw data  916  via the rich data analysis module  926 . 
     The method  1000  may be embodied in instructions, which may be termed data capture control instructions, stored on a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium that is executable by a processor of the server  922  to perform the method  1000 . The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium may include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), flash memory, magnetic storage, optical storage, and similar, or any combination thereof, for storing instructions and data as discussed herein. 
       FIG.  11    is a schematic diagram of an example user interface  1100  to configure a rich data capture trigger for execution at an asset or asset tracking device. The user interface  1100  may be understood to be one example of a user interface provided by the rich data capture configuration module  928  of  FIG.  9    for the configuration of a rich data capture trigger of the data capture instructions  930 . However, this is not limiting, it is to be understood that the user interface  1100  may be employed by other systems and/or devices. 
     The user interface  1100  includes a trigger selection component  1102  to enable a user to select one or more rich data capture triggers for configuration. The user interface  1100  further includes a rich data capture trigger generation component  1103  to add a new rich data capture trigger to the trigger selection component  1102 . The trigger selection component  1102  enables a user to select which rich data capture triggers, of a list of available triggers (e.g., the “XY Accelerometer Threshold” trigger, “Z Accelerometer Threshold” trigger, and “Engine RPM Variance” trigger, as shown), are enabled for a particular asset tracking device or group of asset tracking devices. The trigger selection component  1102  includes, for each rich data capture trigger, an “ON” button to enable the rich data capture trigger on the selected devices, an “OFF” button to disable the rich data capture trigger on the selected devices, and an “EDIT” button to configure a particular rich data capture trigger. 
     The user interface  1100  further includes a device selection component  1104  to enable a user to select one or more asset tracking devices or groups of asset tracking devices for configuration of the rich data capture triggers thereof. That is, a user may select one or more asset tracking devices (e.g., the “TEST GROUP” as shown) in the device selection component  1104 , and use the trigger selection component  1102  to determine which rich data capture triggers are enabled for the selected devices. 
     The groups of asset tracking devices may be categorized according to characteristics of the assets being tracked by those asset tracking devices. For example, asset tracking devices may be categorized according to the vehicle type being tracked (e.g., “HEAVY TRUCKS” and “PASSENGER VEHICLES”). Different categories of assets may be of interest for different types of rich data analyses. For example, a researcher may be particularly interested in studying incidents of heavy trucks travelling over potholes, and thus may select the “HEAVY TRUCKS” grouping under the device selection component  1104  and enable the “Z Accelerometer Threshold” trigger under the trigger selection component  1102  so that all asset tracking devices in the “HEAVY TRUCKS” group will transmit rich blocks of raw data relating to trucks travelling over potholes. As another example, a researcher may select the “PASSENGER VEHICLES” grouping under the device selection component  1104  and enable the “XY Accelerometer Threshold” trigger under the trigger selection component  1102  so that all asset tracking devices in the “PASSENGER VEHICLES” grouping will transmit rich blocks of raw data relating to possible vehicle collisions and other impact events. Thus, a research is able to push different rich data capture triggers to different groups of asset tracking devices tracking different types of assets for desired purposes. 
     The user interface  1100  further includes a trigger parameter configuration component  1106  to enable a user to configure any aspect of a rich data capture trigger, including of any data type involved in evaluation of the trigger, any threshold value involved in the evaluation of the trigger, any data window, or any other aspect of a rich data capture trigger. For exemplary purposes, the trigger parameter configuration component  1106  is shown for example as a text box that enables text configuration of the parameters of a rich data capture trigger. Thus, it may be seen that the “XY Accelerometer Threshold” trigger may be configured with respect to the trigger description (“XY Accelerometer Threshold”), trigger evaluation type (“Threshold”), threshold value (“2500 mg”), data window size pre-trigger (“1000 ms”), data window size post-trigger (“1000 ms”), evaluated data types (“X Accelerometer”, “Y Accelerometer”, “Z Accelerometer”), collected data types (“X Accelerometer”, “Y Accelerometer”, “Z Accelerometer”, “Engine Speed”, “GPS Location”, and the enabled/disabled status of the trigger for the selected devices (“true”). 
     In other examples, additional trigger parameters may be configured. For example, a trigger parameter may include a maximum number of triggering events that are permitted to cause the rich data capture trigger to collect rich data within a given timeframe so that any given rich data trigger may be restricted from collecting unduly large amounts of data. As another example, a trigger parameter may include logic that dictates that the data window for a rich data capture trigger may be extended when the same rich data capture trigger is satisfied multiple times within a short time period. Thus, rather than several separate unsimplified blocks of raw data being collected one after the other (overlapping), a single contiguous unsimplified block of raw data may be collected to cover multiple instances of the same rich data capture trigger being satisfied within a short time period. For example, if the XY Accelerometer Threshold trigger were satisfied at 5 seconds, 5.9 seconds, and 6.5 seconds, rather than collecting three separate blocks of data from 4 seconds to 6 seconds, from 4.9 seconds to 6.9 seconds, and from 5.5 seconds to 7.5 seconds, the data window of the first instance of the satisfaction of the trigger may be extended to be from 4 seconds to 7.5 seconds, thereby covering all instances of satisfaction of the trigger within this time period as one contiguous block of data. A timestamp for each instance at which the rich data capture trigger was satisfied may be recorded in metadata. The XY Accelerometer Threshold Trigger may be configured in this way with parameters such as, for example, “Data Window Extendable=‘Yes’”, “Data Window Extension Range=‘2000 ms’”, and “Data Window Maximum Size=10000 ms”, to enable the rich data capture trigger to extend the length of its data window, post satisfaction of the trigger, if that trigger is satisfied again within 2000 milliseconds of it being initially satisfied. The data window may be extended on a rolling basis with each instance of the trigger being satisfied, and thus the data window may be extended indefinitely until the trigger is not satisfied within the data window extension range of the last instance of its satisfaction, or until another threshold is met, such as a maximum size of the data window (e.g., 10,000 ms). 
     Different rich data capture triggers may collect the same types of data. For example, the XY Accelerometer Threshold trigger, when satisfied by a signal feature detected X and/or Y accelerometer data, may trigger the collection of X, Y, and Z accelerometer data. Similarly, the Z Accelerometer Threshold trigger, when satisfied by a signal feature in Z accelerometer data, may trigger the collection of X, Y, and Z accelerometer data. If the XY Accelerometer Threshold trigger and the Z Accelerometer Threshold were both triggered within the same time period, duplicate accelerometer data may be collected. However, in some examples, only one instance of the accelerometer data may be transferred from the raw data buffer to the logging memory, and metadata may indicate which portions of the accelerometer data pertain to the satisfaction of which trigger, thereby avoiding the saving and transmission of duplicate data. Some of such metadata may indicate that a particular point of accelerometer data was saved as pertaining to the satisfaction of two (or more) triggers. For example, a particular point of accelerometer data may be indicated as having been saved due to satisfaction of both the XY Accelerometer Threshold trigger and the Z Accelerometer Threshold trigger. 
     The user interface  1100  further includes an instruction transmission component  1108  to transmit data capture instructions to the selected asset tracking devices to configure the selected asset tracking devices to monitor raw data for the selected rich data capture triggers. The data capture instructions may be transmitted in the form of an update to the data capture instructions onboard the asset tracking devices (e.g., a firmware update, or in the form of a communication that merely instructs the asset tracking devices to enable or disable one or more rich data capture triggers which the asset tracking devices are already enabled to perform. 
     Thus, a telematics system may remain efficient in its collection of simplified data to support its telematics services without missing opportunities for more rigorous data analysis. Asset tracking devices may be configured to run rich data capture instructions in which raw data collected by the asset tracking device is evaluated for particular signal features that are indicative of events that warrant further analysis. These rich data capture instructions may be configured remotely and pushed to an individual asset tracking device for ease of testing and experimentation without impact to existing data collection techniques running on the asset tracking device. 
     The above disclosure describes that a rich data capture algorithm is to be applied on an asset tracking device in parallel with a dataset simplification algorithm so as to provide data for both a telematics service and for rich data analysis. However, it is contemplated that, in some examples, raw data may be captured from an asset tracking device for rich data analysis without the capture of simplified sets of raw data for a telematics services, as shown for example in  FIG.  12    and  FIG.  13   , below. An asset tracking device may be configured in such a way if it is to be used primarily for the purpose of rich data collection, testing, experimentation, the study of vehicular operation and vehicular travel conditions, and the like. 
       FIG.  12    is a block diagram of another example asset tracking device  1200  that captures rich data. The asset tracking device  1200  is similar to the asset tracking device  200  of  FIG.  2   , and therefore includes an interface layer  1210  to obtain raw data from a data source onboard an asset  1202 , a memory  1220  to store the raw data, a controller  1230  to execute rich data capture instructions  1234 , and a communication interface  1240 . For further description of these components, the description of the asset tracking device  200  of  FIG.  2    may be referenced. 
     The rich data capture instructions  1234  monitor the raw data for satisfaction of a rich data capture trigger. When the rich data capture trigger is satisfied, the controller  1230  identifies a rich block of raw data  1224  in the raw data for rich data analysis and logs the rich block of raw data. The rich block of raw data  1224  spans a data window that covers a time at which the rich data capture trigger was satisfied. 
     The communication interface  1240  transmits the rich block of raw data  1224  to a server  1204  for analysis. 
       FIG.  13    is a flowchart of another example method  1300  for capturing data from an asset or asset tracking device. The method  1300  may be understood to be one example of how the asset tracking device  1200  of  FIG.  12    captures raw data relating to an asset. Thus, for exemplary purposes, the method  1300  will be described with reference to the asset tracking device  1200  of  FIG.  2   . However, it is to be understood that the method  300  may be applied by other asset tracking devices. Further, the method  1300  may be similar to the method  300  of  FIG.  3   , and therefore for further description of the blocks of the method  1300 , the blocks of the method  300  may be referenced. 
     At block  1302 , the interface layer  1210  of the asset tracking device  1200  obtains raw data from a data source onboard the asset  1202 . At block  1304 , the controller  1230  monitors the raw data for satisfaction of a rich data capture trigger. When the rich data capture trigger is satisfied, at block  1306 , the controller  1230  identifies a rich block of raw data  1224  in the raw data for rich data analysis and logs the rich block of raw data in memory  1220  at block  1308 . The rich block of raw data  1224  spans a data window that covers a time at which the rich data capture trigger was satisfied. At block  1310 , the communication interface  1240  transmits the rich block of raw data  1224  to the server  1204 . 
     The method  1300  may be embodied in instructions stored on a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium that is executable by the controller  1230  to perform the method  1300 . The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium may include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), flash memory, magnetic storage, optical storage, and similar, or any combination thereof, for storing instructions and data as discussed herein. 
     It should be recognized that features and aspects of the various examples provided above can be combined into further examples that also fall within the scope of the present disclosure. The scope of the claims should not be limited by the above examples but should be given the broadest interpretation consistent with the description as a whole.