Patent Publication Number: US-11652509-B1

Title: Band identifier system for wearable devices

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/200,660, entitled “Band Identifier System For Wearable Devices,” filed on Mar. 12, 2021, which claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/992,076, entitled “Band Identifier System For Wearable Devices,” filed on Mar. 19, 2020 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/989,527, entitled “Identification of Watch Bands,” filed on Mar. 13, 2020, the disclosure of each of which is hereby incorporated herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present description relates generally to wearable devices, and, more particularly, to band identifier systems for wearable devices. 
     BACKGROUND 
     A variety of wearable electronic devices, including smart watches, have been developed that include components to provide a variety of functions. For example, some wearable electronic devices include one or more sensors to measure various characteristics of the user and/or the environment in which the device operates. Such devices may include a display to indicate the time, date, or other device features. The devices may also include accelerometers and one or more sensors that enable a user to track fitness activities and health-related characteristics, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature, among other information. The devices also typically include a rechargeable battery that powers the electronics within the device, and a mechanical strap or band for securing the device to a user. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Certain features of the subject technology are set forth in the appended claims. However, for purpose of explanation, several embodiments of the subject technology are set forth in the following figures. 
         FIG.  1    illustrates a perspective view of a wearable electronic device implemented as a watch on a wrist of a user, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates a cross-sectional side view of a wearable electronic device, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  3    illustrates a top view of a wearable electronic device system, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  4    illustrates a cross-sectional side view of a portion of a wearable electronic device, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  5    illustrates a perspective view of a portion of a band for a wearable electronic device, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  6    illustrates a side perspective view of a portion of a housing of a wearable electronic device, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  7    illustrates a cross-sectional side view of a portion of a wearable electronic device with a band secured to the housing of the device, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  8    illustrates a partially exploded perspective view of a near-field communications component for a housing of a wearable electronic device, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  9    illustrates a partially exploded perspective view of another near-field communications component for a housing of a wearable electronic device, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  10    illustrates an assembled top perspective view of an antenna module of the near-field communications component of  FIG.  9   , in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  11    illustrates an assembled bottom perspective view of the antenna module of the near-field communications component of  FIG.  9   , in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  12    illustrates a cross-sectional view of the near-field communications component of  FIG.  9    installed in a housing of a wearable electronic device, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  13    illustrates another cross-sectional view of the near-field communications component of  FIG.  9    installed in a housing of a wearable electronic device, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  14    illustrates an exploded perspective view of a near-field communications module for a band, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  15    illustrates perspective views of antenna elements that can be implemented in an antenna assembly, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  16    illustrates a partially exploded top perspective view of another near-field communications module for a band, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  17    illustrates a partially exploded bottom perspective view of the near-field communications module of  FIG.  16   , in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  18    illustrates a cross-sectional view of a band for a wearable electronic device with the near-field communications component of  FIG.  16   , in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  19    illustrates a cross-sectional side view of the antenna assembly of  FIG.  16   , in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  20    illustrates a cross-sectional end view of the antenna assembly of  FIG.  16    and the antenna assembly of  FIGS.  9 - 13   , in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  21    illustrates a cross-sectional view of a near-field communications module disposed in a rigid band material, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  22    illustrates a cross-sectional view of a near-field communications module disposed in a flexible band material, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  23    illustrates a side view of an antenna module for a near-field communications module for a band, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  24    illustrates a side view of a multi-coil antenna module for a near-field communications module for a band, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  25    illustrates a top view of the multi-coil antenna module of  FIG.  24   , in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  26    illustrates a partially exploded perspective view of another near-field communications component for a housing of a wearable electronic device, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  27    illustrates an exploded perspective view of the near-field communications component of  FIG.  26   , in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  28    illustrates an assembled bottom perspective view of the antenna module of the near-field communications component of  FIG.  26   , in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  29    illustrates an assembled top perspective view of another near-field communications component for a housing of a wearable electronic device, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  30    illustrates an assembled top perspective view of a multi-coil near-field communications component for a housing of a wearable electronic device, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  31    illustrates a cross-sectional view of a cap for a near-field communications component installed in a housing of a wearable electronic device, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  32    illustrates a perspective top view of a cap for a near-field communications component for installation in a housing of a wearable electronic device, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  33    illustrates a cross-sectional view of the cap of  FIG.  32    installed in a housing of a wearable electronic device, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  34    illustrates a cross-sectional view of another cap for a near-field communications component installed in a housing of a wearable electronic device, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  35    illustrates a perspective top view of the cap of  FIG.  34   , in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  36    illustrates a cross-sectional view of another cap for a near-field communications device installed in a housing of a wearable electronic device, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  37    illustrates a cross-sectional view of a co-finished cap for a near-field communications device integrally formed with a housing of a wearable electronic device, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  38    illustrates a cross-sectional view of another co-finished cap for a near-field communications device integrally formed with a housing of a wearable electronic device, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The detailed description set forth below is intended as a description of various configurations of the subject technology and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the subject technology may be practiced. The appended drawings are incorporated herein and constitute a part of the detailed description. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of the subject technology. However, it will be clear and apparent to those skilled in the art that the subject technology is not limited to the specific details set forth herein and may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the subject technology. 
     Wearable electronic devices such as smart watches can include a main body formed in part by a device housing in which components such as sensors, processing circuitry, memory, a battery, and/or other hardware are enclosed. The main body may include a display mounted to the housing such that the housing and the display form an enclosure for the components. The display can be controlled to display a home screen such as a watch face (e.g., including an indicator of time, an indicator of the date, an activity indicator, or any other information), and/or user interfaces for one or more applications that can be executed on the device. The home screen and/or user interfaces can be displayed with a theme or a color palette selected by the user or generated automatically by the device. 
     To secure a wearable electronic device to the body of a user, one or more straps or bands can be coupled to the housing of the main body. The straps or bands can be removable and/or replaceable. Users can replace the straps or bands for various reasons. As examples, a user may remove a band of one color to replace the band with a band of another color (e.g., to match the user&#39;s outfit or mood), or may replace a band of one type with a band of another type (e.g., to replace a fashion band worn during the workday with sport band for a workout). However, because the home screen and user interfaces displayed on the display of the wearable electronic device are also customized and/or thematic, the new band may clash or otherwise be contradictory or incompatible with the content displayed by the device. 
     The systems and methods disclosed herein provide a band identification system for a wearable electronic device that allows a wearable electronic device to uniquely identify a band that is coupled to a main body of the device. The systems and methods disclosed herein may include near-field communications components that allow a wearable electronic device to uniquely identify and/or obtain other information from a band that is coupled to a main body of the device without requiring a power source to be provided in the band. The systems and methods disclosed herein allow a wearable electronic device to uniquely identify and/or obtain other information from a band that is coupled to a main body of the device while maintaining the structural integrity of a housing of the device, including preventing ingress of moisture or fluid to internal cavities of the device. 
     Upon identification of a particular band using the near-field communications components of the band identification system, one or more components and/or features of the wearable electronic device can be modified to correspond to the identified band. For example, the color palette or theme of displayed content can be changed, without user input, to match one or more colors of an identified band. In another example, upon identification of a fitness band, a fitness application or a fitness related home screen can be displayed by the wearable electronic device. In another example, upon identification of or removal of a swim band, water protection features such as water purging features of the device can be activated. 
     The band identification systems and methods described herein may also facilitate identification of authorized and/or unauthorized bands for a wearable electronic device. For example, third party bands may be unauthorized bands that are advertised for use with a particular wearable electronic device, but may not properly secure to the device, which can cause a risk of damage to the device. Upon determination that a band that is coupled to the device is not an authorized band, a warning may be provided using an output component of the device, and/or one or more features of the device may be disabled or otherwise modified. In another example, a particular band may be associated with a particular application or service on the wearable electronic device. Upon identification of a band that is associated with a particular application or service on the wearable electronic device, the device may activate or provide access to features associated with that application or service. 
     The systems and methods disclosed herein may also facilitate identification by a wearable electronic device of one or more characteristics of a band. The characteristics of the band may include the color, shape, or style of the band and/or a capability of the band. For example, in some implementations, a band may include one or more band components that provide various capabilities for the band. Band components may include, as examples, one or more sensors (e.g., environmental sensors, biometric sensors, gesture sensors, inertial sensors, or the like), processing circuitry, additional communications circuitry, input components, audio and/or haptic output components, a battery, and/or one or more display components. The systems and methods disclosed herein may include near-field communications components that enable a wearable electronic device to identify, access, power, and/or utilize the band components (e.g., to add additional capability for the wearable electronic device). 
     These and other features of the disclosed systems and methods are discussed below with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 21   . However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these Figures is for explanatory purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. 
       FIG.  1    depicts a perspective view of a wearable electronic device that is secured to a body of a user. In the example of  FIG.  1   , a wearable electronic device  100  is implemented as a smart watch that is attached by a band  108  to a wrist  102  of a user. However, it should be appreciated that wearable electronic device  100  can be implemented differently from the example shown in  FIG.  1   . For example, a smart phone, a gaming device, a digital music player, a sports accessory device, a medical device, a navigation assistant, an accessibility device, a device that provides time and/or weather information, a health assistant, and/or other types of electronic devices can be secured to various parts of a body of a user by a band  108 . Band  108  may be formed from one or more materials such as fabric, metal, plastic, rubber, and/or a combination of these or other materials. 
     As shown in  FIG.  1   , wearable electronic device  100  includes a housing  104  and a display  106 . Housing  104  can form an outer surface or partial outer surface and protective case for one or more internal components of wearable electronic device  100 . In the example of  FIG.  1   , housing  104  is formed into a substantially rectangular shape, although this configuration is not required and other shapes are possible in other implementations. 
     In some examples, the display  106  may incorporate an input device configured to receive user input. The display  106  can be implemented with any suitable technology, including, but not limited to, a multi-touch sensing touchscreen that uses liquid crystal display (LCD) technology, light emitting diode (LED) technology, organic light-emitting display (OLED) technology, organic electroluminescence (OEL) technology, or another type of display technology. Display  106  may include a transparent rigid outer layer that forms a portion of the outer surface of wearable electronic device  100 . The transparent rigid outer layer may, for example, be a protective cover glass formed from a rigid and scratch resistant material such as ion-implanted glass, laminated glass, or sapphire. Display  106  may be mounted to housing  104  such that display  106  and housing  104  combine to form a main body  101  of wearable electronic device  100  and to form an enclosure in which the internal components of wearable electronic device  100  are housed. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates a cross-sectional view of a portion of wearable electronic device  100  at which band  108  is coupled to housing  104 . As shown in  FIG.  2   , internal components of wearable electronic device  100 , such as processing circuitry  200  (e.g., a printed circuit board and/or one or more integrated circuits) and a battery  202  can be housed within an enclosure formed by housing  104  and display  106 . The enclosure may form a water-resistant or water-proof cavity  201  for the internal components that allow wearable electronic device  100  to be worn underwater (e.g., to a depth of 10 meters, 20 meters, 50 meters, 100 meters, 150 meters, or 200 meters) without allowing fluid or moisture ingress into cavity  201 . 
       FIG.  2    also shows how housing  104  may include a recess  204  that is shaped and sized to receive an attachment portion  206  of band  108 . Attachment portion  206  of band  108  may be secured within recess  204  by a friction fit and/or by one or more engagement members of housing  104  and/or band  108 . Attachment portion  206  may be integrally formed with the rest of band  108  (e.g., and formed from a common material) or attachment portion  206  may be formed from a different material from the rest of the band  108  (e.g., and permanently secured to the rest of band  108  or coupled to the rest of band  108  at an adjustable interface, such as by looping through an opening in attachment portion  206 ). 
     As shown in  FIG.  2   , a near-field communications (NFC) module  210  (also referred to herein as a near-field communications component) can be mounted to housing  104  at a location near or within recess  204 . Band  108  may include a corresponding NFC module  208 . When attachment portion  206  of band  108  is secured within recess  204 , recess  204  and attachment portion  206  of band  108  may position NFC module  210  of main body  101  in alignment with NFC module  208  in band  108  and within a distance  214  that allows NFC module  210  to read a tag of NFC module  208  to obtain a unique identifier for band  108  and/or other information (e.g., identifiers of one or more characteristics and/or capabilities) for band  108 . For example, power may be provided to NFC module  210  (e.g., from processing circuitry  200  such as via a connector such as a flexible printed circuit  212 , a wire bond, or any other suitable connector) to allow an antenna element of NFC module  210  to wirelessly activate a corresponding antenna element of NFC module  208  to transmit a unique identifier of band  108  and/or other information for band  108  to processing circuitry  200  via NFC module  210 . Upon identification of band  108 , processing circuitry  200  may modify the operation of display  106  and/or other components and/or features of wearable electronic device  100  based on the particular band that is identified. Although various examples are described herein in which NFC module  208  and NFC module  210  cooperate to transmit an identifier of a band  108  to wearable electronic device  100 , it should be appreciated that NFC module  208  can store and/or transmit other information for band  108  (e.g., one or more characteristics of band  108  such as one or more capabilities of band  108  that are associated with one or more (optional) band components  231  of band  108 ) to wearable electronic device  100 , and/or that NFC module  210  can be operated to provide power and/or control signals to one or more components of band  108 . 
     In the example of  FIG.  2   , a wearable device system is shown that includes a main body  101  that includes a device housing  104 , processing circuitry  200  disposed within the device housing  104 , a recess  204  on an edge of the device housing  104 , and a first near-field communications module  210  mounted within the device housing  104  adjacent to the recess  204 . The wearable device system shown in  FIG.  2    also includes a removable band  108  that is configured to secure the main body  101  to a wearer, the removable band including an attachment portion  206  configured to be received in the recess  204  in the device housing  104  to removeably attach the removable band  108  to the main body  101 , and a second near-field communications module  208  at least partially embedded within the attachment portion  206 .  FIG.  2    illustrates an attached configuration for the removable band  108 , in which the attachment portion  206  of the removable band  108  and the recess  204  in the device housing  104  are configured to align the first near-field communications module  210  with the second near-field communications module  208 . For example, the attachment portion  206  of the removable band  108  and the recess  204  in the device housing  104  may be configured to position a first antenna of the first near-field communications module  210  at a predetermined distance of less than one millimeter from a second antenna of the second near-field communications module  208 . 
       FIG.  3    illustrates a top view of a wearable device system with wearable electronic device  100  in a configuration in which two bands  108 - 1  and  108 - 2  are positioned for attachment to housing  104  of main body  101 . Band  108 - 1  and  108 - 2  may each extend to a free end (not explicitly shown) configured to wrap around the wrist (or other body portion) of the user and attach to the free end of other of band  108 - 1  and  108 - 2  to secure wearable electronic device  100  to the user. 
     As shown, band  108 - 1  and  108 - 2  may be arranged to be received in corresponding recesses  204 - 1  and  204 - 2  on opposing sides of housing  104 . In the example of  FIG.  2   , band  108 - 1  includes an NFC module  208 - 1  configured for alignment with a first NFC module  210 - 1  in recess  204 - 1 , and band  108 - 2  includes an NFC module  208 - 2  configured for alignment with a second NFC module  210 - 2  in recess  204 - 2 . NFC modules  208 - 1  and  208 - 2  may include a common tag that uniquely identifies the pair of bands  108 - 1  and  108 - 2 , or NFC modules  208 - 1  and  208 - 2  may each include a tag that uniquely identifies the band  108 - 1  or  108 - 2  in which that NFC module is disposed. For example, if NFC modules  208 - 1  and  208 - 2  each include a tag that uniquely identifies the band  108 - 1  or  108 - 2  in which that NFC module is disposed, a user of wearable electronic device  100  can mix and match different pairs of bands and wearable electronic device  100  can respond accordingly. For example, if wearable electronic device  100  identifies band  108 - 1  as a yellow band and band  108 - 2  as a green band, processing circuitry  200  can modify the theme of a displayed watch face to include a yellow-to-green color gradient across the display in the direction from band  108 - 1  to  108 - 2 . 
     Although both bands  108 - 1  and  108 - 2  are provided with a corresponding NFC element in  FIG.  3   , it should be appreciated that, in some implementations, a single NFC module can be provided in a single band to identify that band or a pair of bands. Although an arrangement with two bands  108 - 1  and  108 - 2  that attach to each other at free ends thereof is shown in  FIG.  3   , it should be appreciated that, in some implementations, a single continuous (e.g., stretchable band that can expand and/or contract to fit on a user&#39;s wrist) can be coupled to main body  101  and identified with a single NFC module  208 . 
     In the example of  FIG.  3   , each of band  108 - 1  and  108 - 2  includes additional features. Band  108 - 1  of  FIG.  3    includes a bumper  300 - 1  and an engagement member  302 - 1 . Band  108 - 2  of  FIG.  3    includes a bumper  300 - 2  and an engagement member  302 - 2 . Bumpers  300 - 1  and  300 - 2  may be passive members embedded or partially embedded in bands  108 - 1  and  108 - 2  respectively, that facilitate movement of bands  108 - 1  and  108 - 2 , respectively, into and/or out of recesses  204 - 1  and  204 - 2 . For example, in configurations in which bands  108 - 1  and  108 - 2  are formed from a soft or flexible material (e.g., rubber), bumpers  300 - 1  and  300 - 2  may be rigid (e.g., plastic or metal) bumpers that help bands  108 - 1  and  108 - 2  slide within recesses  204 - 1  and  204 - 2 . As another example, in configurations in which bands  108 - 1  and  108 - 2  are formed from a rigid material (e.g., metal), bumpers  300 - 1  and  300 - 2  may be soft or flexible (e.g., rubber) bumpers that help prevent bands  108 - 1  and  108 - 2  from slipping too easily within recesses  204 - 1  and  204 - 2 . Engagement members  302 - 1  and  302 - 2  may be actuable members that can be extended to secure bands  108 - 1  and  108 - 2  in recesses  204 - 1  and  204 - 2  or retracted to allow bands  108 - 1  and  108 - 2  to slide out of recesses  204 - 1  and  204 - 2 . 
     In various implementations, NFC modules  208 - 1  and  208 - 2  of band  108 - 1  and  108 - 2  include outer surfaces formed from substantially the same material as bumpers  300 - 1  and  300 - 2  and act as additional bumpers for bands  108 - 1  and  108 - 2  in addition to providing NFC identification of bands  108 - 1  and  108 - 2 . 
       FIG.  4    illustrates a cross-sectional side view of a portion of main body  101 , with the cross-section being taken through recess  204  and NFC module  210  in one implementation. In the example of  FIG.  4   , recess  204  has a curved surface  400 , and NFC module  210  includes an interface portion  404  with an outer surface  402  that forms a portion of the surface  400  of recess  204 . In the example of  FIG.  4   , outer surface  402  is substantially flush with the portions of surface  400  that are formed by housing  104 . However, in other implementations, outer surface  402  may be recessed from surface  400 , or may extend partially into recess  204  from surface  400  to press against an outer surface of NFC module  208  when a band  108  is installed in recess  204 . 
     As can be seen in  FIG.  4   , NFC module  210  can be arranged in housing  104  so as to form a barrier between the environment external to main body  101  and a cavity  201  (e.g., a water-proof or water-resistant cavity) within main body  101 . For this reason, interface portion  404  can be arranged to withstand a predetermined amount of pressure (e.g., one bar, two bar, three bar, five bar, at least five bar, or more than five bar) to provide the desired water resistance for wearable electronic device  100 . For example, interface portion  404  can extend laterally beyond the footprint of NFC module  210  to rest against a ledge  406  on housing  104  within an opening  407  in the recess  204 . In this arrangement, when water pressure from within recess  204  presses against surface  402 , interface portion  404  is pressed against ledge  406  to resist the pressure. 
     In the example of  FIG.  4   , a cowling  419  can be seen that can provide additional support for NFC module  210  (e.g., by attachment of the cowling  419  to housing  104  such as by a screw or other attachment member). Cowling  419  may be arranged to provide a neutral force support for NFC module  210  (e.g., relative to recess  204 ) that does not apply pressure to NFC module  210  that could overcome an adhesive or other attachment mechanism between ledge  406  and interface portion  404 , but that provides additional resistance to pressure such as water pressure on surface  402 . In the example of  FIG.  4   , a connector implemented as a flexible printed circuit  212  communicatively couples NFC module  210  with processing circuitry  200  in cavity  201 . 
       FIG.  5    illustrates a perspective view of a portion of a band  108  in which a recess  500  is provided in the band NFC module  208 . As shown, NFC module  208  can be installed in band  108  along with one or more passive band elements such as a bumper  300 , and an engagement member  302 . Bumper  300  may be formed from a material that is similar to, or the same as the material of a module housing for NFC module  208 , so that bumper  300  (e.g., a passive bumper that is free of computing circuitry) and NFC module  208  (e.g., an active bumper that provides mechanical bumper functionality in addition to NFC tag functionality) provide surfaces that facilitate installation and/or removal of band  108  from recess  204  in housing  104 . Engagement member  302  may be, for example, a spring-loaded or other resiliently compressible member that can snap into a corresponding notch within recess  204  to secure band  108  within the recess. 
     For example,  FIG.  6    illustrates an implementation of housing  104  in which a notch  600  is provided in recess  204  into which engagement member  302  of  FIG.  5    can extend, when band  108  located within recess  204  such that engagement member  302  is aligned with notch  600 . In such a configuration in which band  108  has been extended into recess  204  such that engagement member  302  is aligned and engaged with notch  600 , NFC module  208  in band  108  will also have been positioned in alignment with and opposed to NFC module  210  in recess  204 . In this way, NFC module  210  and NFC module  208  are positioned (e.g., with aligned antennas separated by a predetermined distance) such that NFC module  210  can generate a NFC signal that inductively causes NFC module  208  in band  108  to transmit a unique identifier for band  108  back to NFC module  210 . 
     In the example of  FIG.  6   , recess  204  has a length that extends along an edge of housing  104  (e.g., the device housing of wearable electronic device  100 ) and is open at opposing ends  607  of the length. In this configuration, recess  204  is configured to receive the attachment portion  206  of removable band  108  from an end (e.g., one of ends  607 ) of the recess, along the length of the recess. NFC module  208  may form an active bumper for band  108 , the active bumper configured to slide along surface  400  of recess  204  as attachment portion  206  is received from the end of the recess along the length of the recess. 
       FIG.  7    shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of device  100 , the cross-section taken along line A-A of  FIG.  6   , in an attached configuration in which attachment portion  206  of the band  108  of  FIG.  5    has been installed in recess  204  of housing  104  (e.g., by sliding attachment portion  206  of band  108  into recess  204  along a direction parallel to the elongate dimension of recess  204 ). As shown in  FIG.  7   , attachment portion of band  108  is formed from a material  729 . Material  729  may include, for example, a rubber, a flouroelastomer, leather, a fabric such as a woven nylon, a metal, or any combination of these or other materials. As shown in  FIG.  7   , attachment portion  206  may have an outer surface  700  with a shape that corresponds to the shape of surface  400  of recess  204 . 
     In the example of  FIG.  7   , NFC module  208  includes a band module housing  702  that is attached within recess  500  in band material  729  by an adhesive  708 . An antenna  720  and a memory chip  706  are disposed within the band module housing  702  such that antenna  720  of NFC module  208  is aligned with a corresponding antenna  721  of NFC module  210 . As shown in  FIG.  7   , when band  108  of is installed in recess  204  of housing  104 , an outer surface of band module housing  702  may be in contact with outer surface  402  of NFC module  210 . In this configuration, antenna  720  is positioned in alignment with and sufficiently close to antenna  721  of NFC module  210  to be able transmit a unique identifier that is stored in memory  706  to NFC module  210  (e.g., when antenna  720  is powered via inductive coupling to antenna  721  of NFC module  210 ). Band module housing  702  may be formed from a material that is opaque to visible light and transparent to electromagnetic fields generated by antenna  720  and a corresponding antenna  721  in NFC module  210 . Band module housing  702  may be formed from a material having a color that matches the color of one more passive bumpers in band  108  such as bumper  704  of  FIG.  7    and/or bumper  300  of  FIG.  3   . 
     In the example of  FIG.  7   , band  108  includes a support structure  701  embedded within band material  729 . Support structure  701  may provide rigid support for attachment portion  206  of band  108 . As shown, support structure  701  may include two opposing recesses, corresponding to two opposing recesses in band material  729 , within which NFC module  208  and an opposing bumper  704  (e.g., similar to bumper  300  of  FIG.  3   , but on an opposing side of band  108  from NFC module  208 ) can be positioned. As shown, when band  108  is installed in recess  204  of housing  104 , an outer surface of bumper  704  may be in contact with a portion of the surface  400  of recess  204 . 
     Additional details of NFC module  210  can also be seen in  FIG.  7   . For example, in the implementation illustrated in  FIG.  7   , NFC module  210  includes antenna  721  coupled to interface portion  404 , which is implemented as a cap that is secured by adhesive  722  (e.g., a thermosetting polymer such as epoxy) to housing  104  (e.g., to ledge  406  and/or other portions of the opening  407  in recess  204 ). In the various implementations of NFC module  210  described herein, the cap (interface portion  404 ) may be formed, for example, from a material that is opaque to visible light and transparent to electromagnetic fields generated by antenna  721  and antenna  720  in NFC module  208 . Band module housing  702  and/or the cap (interface portion  404 ) of NFC module  210  may be formed from a material that is electrically insulating so that the communicative coupling between band  108  and device  100  is an inductive (NFC) coupling without any direct conductive contact between NFC module  208  and NFC module  210 . 
     Adhesive  733  is provided to attached an antenna assembly for antenna  721  to interface portion  404 . A stiffener layer such as a glass-reinforced epoxy laminate layer is disposed on an opposing side of flexible printed circuit  212  to the side on which antenna  721  is mounted. A backing layer such as foam layer  726  can be provided at an interface between NFC module  210  and cowling  419 . 
       FIG.  8    illustrates a partially exploded perspective view of the NFC module  210  of  FIG.  7   , showing how foam layer  726  can be mounted to cowling  419  and provided with an adhesive layer  800  for attachment to an antenna assembly  805  including antenna  721 . In the example of  FIG.  8   , cowling  419  includes an opening  803  through which a fastener such as screw  802  can pass to secure cowling  419  to an interior surface of housing  104 . 
     In the example of  FIG.  8   , antenna assembly  805  includes antenna  721  mounted to a portion of flexible printed circuit  212  that is supported by stiffener layer  724 . An adhesive layer  807  is provided on antenna assembly  805  for attachment of antenna assembly  805  interface portion  404  (also referred to herein as a cap). Adhesive  722  for attaching interface portion  404  to ledge  406  of housing  104  is also shown. In the example of  FIG.  8   , antenna  721  may be implemented as a coil antenna, and can be provided with or without an insert (e.g., a plastic or magnetic core structure) around which the coil is wound. The coil antenna may be implemented as a wound coil or as a set of winding traces in an etched printed circuit board. However, it should be appreciated that the example NFC module of  FIG.  8    is merely illustrative, and other implementations for NFC module  210  are contemplated herein. 
     For example,  FIG.  9    illustrates a partially exploded perspective view of another implementation of NFC module  210 . In the example of  FIG.  9   , NFC module  210  includes an antenna assembly  903  that includes antenna  721  implemented as a wound coil that is wound around a support structure such as a core structure  906 . Core structure  906  may be a plastic structure that is provided primarily for support of antenna  721 , or may be a magnetic (e.g., ferrite) core that supports antenna  721  and enhances the efficiency of antenna  721 . 
     In the example of  FIG.  9   , antenna assembly  903  includes a portion of flexible printed circuit  212  that is supported by stiffener layer  924 . Foam  910  is provided on stiffener layer  924 , and one or more encapsulations  908  are also provided on stiffener layer  724  (e.g., to encapsulate leads for antenna  721  as described in further detail hereinafter). 
     In the example of  FIG.  9   , interface portion  404 , which is implemented as a cap to be secured by adhesive  722  to housing  104  (e.g., to ledge  406  and/or other portions of the opening  407  in recess  204 ), includes an extended portion  935  configured to extend over an around antenna  721  and core structure  906  when NFC module  210  is assembled. A filler  912 , such as a glue, adhesive, or potting material can be provided between interface portion  404  (also referred to herein as a cap) and antenna  721  to secure antenna assembly  903  to interface portion  404  and/or to fill the space between antenna assembly  903  and interface portion  404 . 
     In the example of  FIG.  9   , near-field communications module  210  includes an interface portion  404  having an outer surface  402  shaped and sized to form a portion of a surface  400  of the recess  204  in the device housing  104  (e.g., as also illustrated in  FIGS.  2 ,  4 ,  6 ,  7    discussed above and  FIGS.  12  and  13    discussed hereinafter). In the examples of  FIGS.  8  and  9   , near-field communications module  210  may include a coil antenna  721  coupled between the interface portion  404  and a flexible printed circuit  212 . In the example of  FIG.  9   , near-field communications module  210  includes a support structure such as a core structure  906  for the coil antenna, and the interface portion  404  includes an extended portion  935  that extends over and around the coil antenna  721  and a portion of the core structure  906 . 
       FIG.  10    illustrates a top perspective view of antenna assembly  903  of  FIG.  9   . As shown in  FIG.  10   , support structure  906  may include a base portion  1033  that is secured to a magnetic layer  1006  (e.g., a ferrite sheet) by a layer of adhesive  1008 . Magnetic layer  1006  may be attached (e.g., using a layer of adhesive) to a surface  1035  of the portion of flexible printed circuit  212  that is supported by stiffener layer  924 . Stiffener layer  924  may be attached to a portion of flexible printed circuit  212  by a layer of adhesive  1004 . In this example, stiffener layer  924 , and the portion of flexible printed circuit  212  that is supported by stiffener layer  924 , form a part of antenna assembly  903 . 
       FIG.  10    also shows how leads  1000  from antenna  721  can extend around an edge of flexible printed circuit  212  and stiffener layer  924  to terminate on a side of stiffener layer  924  that is opposite to the side on which antenna  721  is mounted (e.g., mounted via magnetic layer  1006  and adhesive  1008 , and support structure  906 ). 
       FIG.  11    illustrates a bottom perspective view of antenna assembly  903  of  FIGS.  9  and  10   , and shows how leads  1000  can terminate at landing pads  1107  on a bottom surface  1109  of stiffener layer  924 . Encapsulations  908  are visible in  FIG.  11    covering the ends of leads  1000  on surface  1109 . Landing pads  1107  may, for example, be conductively coupled to one or more traces within flexible printed circuit  212  (e.g., by one or more conductive vias or other conductive structures or traces that extend through stiffener layer  924 ). Foam  910  may be attached to bottom surface  1109  of stiffener layer  924  by a layer of adhesive  1100 . 
       FIG.  12    illustrates a cross-sectional view of a portion of device  100 , taken along line A-A of  FIG.  6   , in an implementation in which NFC module  210  of  FIG.  9    has been assembled and installed in housing  104  such that an outer surface  402  of interface portion  404  of forms a smoothly contiguous surface with surface  400  of recess  204  of housing  104 , curving in coordination with curved portions of surface  400  in one or more dimensions. In the example of  FIG.  12   , interface portion  404  is secured to housing  104  by adhesive  722  that is disposed between various vertical and horizontal interfacing surfaces between interface portion  404  and an opening in housing  104 , including between interface portion  404  and a ledge  406  within the opening in housing  104  for NFC module  210 . 
     Ledge  406  provides support for interface portion  404  to counter, for example, forces on surface  402  that press NFC module  210  toward the interior of housing  104  (e.g., forces resulting from pressure from a band module housing pressed against surface  402  when a band is installed in recess  204 , and/or fluid pressure such as water pressure on surface  402  when device  100  is submerged in water). As discussed herein, although not explicitly shown in  FIG.  12   , cowling  419  may be secured (e.g., by a screw  802 ) to housing  104  to further counter pressure that may be exerted on surface  402  (e.g., without providing an outward pressure on NFC module  210  that would overcome the attachment by adhesive  722 ). 
     In the example of  FIG.  12   , the device housing  104  includes an opening in the recess  204 , the opening including a ledge  406 , where part of the interface portion  404  is attached to the ledge  406  (e.g., as also illustrated in  FIGS.  4  and  7    discussed above and in  FIG.  13    discussed hereinafter). The interface portion  404  of near-field communications module  210  and ledge  406  of the opening in the recess  204  cooperate to seal an internal cavity (see internal cavity  201  of  FIG.  2   ) of the main body  101  against (e.g., at least three bar) fluid pressure on the outer surface  402  of the interface portion  404 . 
       FIG.  13    illustrates another cross-sectional view of a portion of device  100 , taken along line B-B of  FIG.  6   . In the cross-sectional view of  FIG.  13   , landing pads  1107  on stiffener layer  724  can be seen. In the cross-sectional views of  FIGS.  12  and  13   , extended portion  935  of interface portion  404  can be seen extending over and around antenna  721  and support structure  906 , with filler  912  therebetween. In one or more implementations, the interface portion  404  may inserted into the opening  407  from recess  204  and attached to the housing  104  by adhesive  722  prior to inserting the NFC module  210  into the interface portion (e.g., in an opposite direction to the insertion of interface portion  404  into the opening  407 ) and attaching the NFC module  210  to the interface portion  404  (e.g., using an adhesive such as filler  912 ). In one or more other implementations, the NFC module  210  may be attached to the interface portion  404  and inserted into the opening  407  with the interface portion  404  prior to attaching the flexible printed circuit  212  to the NFC module  210 . In the example of  FIGS.  12  and  13   , antenna  721  is formed by eight layers of four turns of a wire wound around core structure  906 , and supported by base portion  1033 . However, this is merely illustrative, and other configurations for antenna  721  (e.g., more or fewer than four turns, more or fewer than eight layers, etc.) are contemplated. 
     As illustrated in the example of  FIGS.  12  and  13   , wearable electronic device  100  may be provided with a device housing  104 , processing circuitry (see, e.g., processing circuitry  200  of  FIG.  2   ) disposed within the device housing, a recess  204  on an edge of the device housing, and a near-field communications module  210  mounted within the device housing  104  adjacent to the recess  204  to read a unique identifier of a band  108  having a portion mounted in the recess, the band configured to secure the device housing to a wearer, the near-field communications module including an antenna assembly  903  (e.g., or antenna assembly  805  of  FIG.  8   ), and an interface portion  404  having an outer surface  402  that forms a portion of a surface  400  of the recess  204 . In the example of  FIGS.  12  and  13   , the antenna assembly  903  includes a coil antenna  721  that is wound around a core structure  906 , where the interface portion  404  includes an extended portion  935  that extends over and around the coil antenna  721  and part of the core structure  906 . In this example, the core structure  906  includes a base  1033 , and the antenna assembly  903  also includes a magnetic layer  1006  attached to the base  1033 . In this and other examples, the device further includes a flexible printed circuit  212  coupled between the antenna assembly  903  and the processing circuitry  200 . In this and other examples, the antenna module further includes a stiffener layer  924  attached to a portion of the flexible printed circuit  212 , and the stiffener layer  924  and the portion of the flexible printed circuit  212  each form a portion of the near-field communications module  210 . 
     As illustrated in the example of  FIGS.  12  and  13    (e.g., and/or  FIGS.  4  and/or  7   ), the surface  400  of the recess  204  may have a curved shape, and the outer surface  402  of the interface portion  404  may have a shape that conforms to the curved shape of the surface of the recess to form a smoothly continuous portion of the surface of the recess. 
     In the cross-sections of  FIGS.  12  and  13   , it can be seen that extended portion  935  of interface portion  404  has an open bottom that allows extended portion  935  to extend over and around antenna  721  and at least part of core structure  906 . The cross-sections of  FIGS.  12  and  13    also illustrate how extended portion  935  runs around antenna  720  and core structure  906  in a direction substantially parallel to the wire that is wound around core structure  906  to form antenna  720 . 
       FIG.  14    illustrates an exploded perspective view of NFC module  208  of band  108 , in one implementation. As shown in  FIG.  14   , NFC module  208  may include a band module housing  702 , within which antenna  720 , memory  706  (e.g., an NFC tag chip), and an antenna filler  1404  may be disposed. Antenna filler  1404  may be a plastic support structure or a magnetic (e.g., ferrite) structure that supports and/or enhances the efficiency of antenna  721 . In the example of  FIG.  14   , antenna  720  is implemented as a wound coil. However, it should be appreciated that antenna  720  can be implemented in other configurations, such as by one or more winding traces in a printed circuit board. For example,  FIG.  15    illustrates a wound coil antenna  1500  formed from one or more windings of a wire  1501 , and an antenna  1502  formed from winding traces  1506  in a printed circuit board  1504 . In various implementations, antenna  720  or antenna  721  can be implemented using either of antenna  1500  or antenna  1502  of  FIG.  15   . 
       FIG.  16    illustrates a partially exploded perspective view of NFC module  208  in another implementation, and positioned for installation in recess  500  in attachment portion  206  of band  108 . As shown in  FIG.  16   , in some implementations, NFC module  208  can include an antenna assembly  1604  configured to be secured within a band module housing  1602 . 
     Band module housing  1602  may be formed from a hard or soft material in various implementations, and can serve as a housing for NFC module  208  and as a mechanical bumper for band  108  (e.g., a bumper that is spatially complementary to, and formed from the same material as a passive bumper  300  on the same side of band  108  and/or a passive bumper on an opposing side of band  108 ). For example, in implementations in which attachment portion  206  of band  108  is formed from a relatively soft material such as a rubber, flouroelastomer, leather, woven nylon, etc., band module housing  1602  may be formed from a relatively hard material such as a reinforced polymer (e.g., a glass fiber reinforced polymer). In implementations in which attachment portion  206  of band  108  is formed from a relatively hard material such as a metal (e.g., stainless steel), band module housing  1602  can be formed from a relatively soft material such as a rubber or a flouroelastomer. 
     Band module housing  1602  may be formed, for example, from a material that is opaque to visible light and transparent to electromagnetic fields generated by antenna  721  in NFC module  210  and antenna  720  in NFC module  208 . Band module housing  1602  and/or the cap (interface portion  404 ) of NFC module  210  may be formed from a material that is electrically insulating so that the communicative coupling between band  108  and device  100  is an inductive (NFC) coupling (e.g., without any direct conductive contact between NFC module  208  and NFC module  210 ). This can be helpful in comparison with providing more complex circuitry (e.g., integrated circuits, displays, or the like) in a smart watch band that would either consume the limited power stored in the device and/or require larger and potentially bulky features in the band to accommodate power storage in the band. Band module housing  1602  may be formed from a material having a color that matches the color of one more passive bumpers in band  108  such as bumper  704  of  FIG.  7    and/or bumper  300  of  FIG.  3   . 
     Antenna assembly  1604  can be secured within band module housing  1602  by an adhesive such as a glue  1606 . Once assembled, NFC module  208  can be secured within recess  500  in band  108  by an adhesive  1608 . Adhesive  1608  may be a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA), an epoxy, or other adhesive material. In other implementations, NFC module  208  can be overmolded in the material of band  108  (e.g., attachment portion  206 ) or can be secured within recess  500  by mechanical structures. Securing NFC module  208  in recess  500  using epoxy, overmolding, or mechanical structures can help ensure destruction of NFC module  208  if NFC module  208  is removed from recess  500 . This can be helpful in circumstances in which the identifier of band  108  is used to authenticate the band or authorize one or more features associated with the band. However, in other implementations, a PSA may be used to secure NFC module  208  in recess  500  so that NFC module  208  can be removed, repaired, replaced, and/or shared with other bands. 
     As illustrated in the example of  FIG.  16   , near-field communications module  208  includes a band module housing  1602  having an outer surface  1607  that forms a portion of a surface  1609  of the attachment portion  206  of the removable band  108  when NFC module  208  is assembled into recess  500  (e.g., as also illustrated in the examples of  FIGS.  2 ,  3 ,  5 , and  7   ). In the examples of  FIGS.  14  and  16   , near-field communications module  208  includes a coil antenna such as coil antenna  720  and a memory chip such as memory  706  or memory  1621  disposed within the band module housing. 
     In the example of  FIG.  16   , antenna assembly  1604  includes a substrate  1616  having a first surface  1617  on which antenna  720  is mounted. In the example, antenna  720  is wound around a core structure  1612  (e.g., a plastic support structure or a ferrite support structure for enhancement of the performance of antenna  720 ) that is also mounted on surface  1617 . Additional circuitry such as a capacitor  1614  can also be mounted to surface  1617  of substrate  1616 . In the example of  FIG.  16   , memory  1621  (e.g., memory storing a unique identifier for NFC module  208  and thus band  108 ) is mounted to an opposing side of substrate  1616 . 
     Glue  1606  may be arranged to surround antenna assembly  1604  and fill a space between antenna assembly  1604  and band module housing  1602 . For example,  FIG.  17    illustrates a partially exploded bottom view of NFC module  208  of  FIG.  16   , in which a cavity  1700  within band module housing  1602  can be seen. Antenna assembly  1604  can be secured within cavity  1700  by glue  1606  filling the cavity  1700  around antenna assembly  1604 .  FIG.  17    also shows how the substrate  1616  can include alignment features  1790  that engage with corresponding alignment features  1791  on the band module housing  1602  to align and position the antenna assembly  1604  within the cavity  1700 . Alignment features  1791  include a recess in an edge of the band module housing  1602  in the example of  FIG.  17   , but can include other features (e.g., recesses, protrusions, or the like formed on one or more interior surfaces of the cavity  1700 ) in various implementations. 
     As shown in  FIG.  17   , memory  1621  (e.g., an NFC tag chip) is mounted to opposing surface  1702  of substrate  1616 . Antenna assembly  1604  may also include conductive structures  1712  that extend between memory  1621  and leads  1710  for antenna  720 . As shown, leads  1710  may extend around an edge of substrate  1616  to contact conductive structures  1712 . 
     As illustrated in the example of  FIGS.  16  and  17   , a band such as band  108  for a wearable electronic device such as wearable electronic device  100  can include an attachment portion  206  configured to be received in a recess  204  in a device housing  104  of the wearable electronic device to removeably attach the band to the device housing, and can include a bumper in the attachment portion  206  to facilitate insertion of the attachment portion  206  of the band  108  into the recess  204  in the device housing  104 , where the bumper includes a band module housing  1602  having an outer surface  1607  that forms a portion of an outer surface  1609  of the attachment portion  206  of the band  108 , and the bumper also include near-field communications circuitry (e.g., antenna assembly  1604 ) disposed in a cavity  1700  in the band module housing  1602 , the near-field communications circuitry including unique identifier (e.g., stored in memory chip  1621 ) for the band. The near-field communications circuitry of the bumper (e.g., an active bumper) can include a substrate  1616 , memory  1621  mounted to the substrate (the memory storing the unique identifier for the band) and an antenna  720  configured to be powered by additional near-field communications circuitry (e.g., NFC module  210 ) in the device housing  104  of the wearable electronic device  100  to transmit the unique identifier to the wearable electronic device. The near-field communications circuitry of the bumper can also include a capacitor  1614  mounted to the substrate  1616 , and conductive structures  1712  (e.g., overmolded in the substrate) that extend between contacts for the capacitor  1614 , the memory  1621 , and the antenna  720 . 
       FIG.  18    illustrates a cross-sectional view of part of attachment portion  206  of band  108  with the NFC module  208  of  FIGS.  16  and  17    installed therein. As shown in  FIG.  18   , an outer surface  1811  of band module housing  1602  may form portion of the surface of attachment portion  206 . Adhesive  1608  is disposed between substrate  1616  and a bottom surface of the recess  500  in band  108  to secure NFC module  208  therein. Glue  1606  can also be seen surrounding the components of antenna assembly  1604  and filling the space between antenna assembly  1604  and band module housing  1602 . 
     In the cross-sectional view of  FIG.  18   , bumper  704  on the opposing side of band  108  can be seen attached within a recess  1802  in attachment portion  206  by an adhesive  1808 . In this configuration, outer surface  1811  of band module housing  1602  and outer surface  1809  of bumper  704  form opposing portions of the outer surface of attachment portion  206  that facilitate installation and removal (e.g., by facilitating sliding within recess  204  with a desirable amount of sliding resistance) of band  108  to and from recess  204 . 
     As illustrated in, for example,  FIG.  18    (and/or  FIGS.  2 ,  3 ,  7   , and/or  16 ) NFC module  208  may form an active bumper for a removable band  108 , in which the band module housing  1602  is configured to bear against surface  400  of recess  204  when the attachment portion  206  is within the recess  204 . As described herein, band  108  may also include one or more passive bumpers such as bumper  300  or bumper  704  (e.g., on a same side or on an opposing side of band  108  as the side in which NFC module  208  is disposed) at least partially embedded within the attachment portion  206  of the band and configured to bear against surface  400  of recess  204  when the attachment portion  206  is within the recess  204 . 
     The cross-sectional view of  FIG.  18    also illustrates how a bumper formed by NFC module  208  (e.g., by band module housing  1602 ) can be disposed in a first recess  500  in a first side  1823  of the attachment portion  206  of the band  108 , and the band  108  can also include a passive bumper  704  disposed in a second recess  1802  on an opposing second side of the attachment portion  206  of the band  108 . The passive bumper  704  and the band module housing  1602  may be formed from a common material or from different materials. Forming the passive bumper  704  and the band module housing  1602  from a common material may be beneficial for providing uniform resistance to movement of band  108  within and/or along recess  204 . 
     As described above in connection with, for example,  FIGS.  3  and  5   , an additional passive bumper  300  may be disposed in an additional recess in the first side of the attachment portion  206  of the band  108 , and an engagement member  302  may also be disposed between the bumper formed by NFC module  208  and the additional passive bumper  300  on the first side of the attachment portion  206 . 
       FIG.  19    illustrates a cross-sectional view of antenna assembly  1604 , taken along a line in which the contours of conductive structures  1712  can be seen. As shown in  FIG.  19   , conductive structures  1712  can extend from capacitor  1614  on surface  1617  of substrate  1616 , through substrate  1616  to contact memory  1621  on surface  1702 , and beyond memory  1621  to form contact pads for leads  1710  from antenna  720 . In the example of  FIG.  19   , leads  1710  are encapsulated by encapsulant  1933  on surface  1702 . Conductive structures  1712  can be formed, for example, from insert molded stamped copper rails. As shown in  FIG.  19   , antenna  720  may be laterally offset from a center of substrate  1616  to allow for symmetric positioning of NFC module  208  and bumper  300  and for alignment of antenna  720  with antenna  721  of NFC module  210 . 
       FIG.  20    illustrates a cross-sectional view of NFC module  208  of  FIGS.  16 - 19    positioned opposite antenna assembly  903  of NFC module  210  of  FIGS.  9 - 13   , as they would be positioned, respectively in band  108  and housing  104 , when band  108  is attached within recess  204  of housing  104 . In order for antenna  721  of NFC module  210  of main body  101  of device  100  to inductively power antenna  720 , and for antenna  720  to transmit the identifier stored in memory  1621  to antenna  721 , the attachment portion  206  of the removable band  108  and the recess  204  in the device housing  104  are configured (e.g., in cooperation with the interface portion  404  of NFC module  210  and the band module housing  1602  of NFC module  208 ) to position antenna  721  of near-field communications module  210  at a predetermined distance  2000  from antenna  720  of the near-field communications module  208 . Predetermined distance  2000  may be, for example, less than five millimeters, less than one millimeter, less than 0.75 millimeters, less than 0.6 millimeters, between 0.25 and 0.75 millimeters, or between 0.4 and 0.6 millimeters (as examples). The arrangement of NFC module  208 , NFC module  210 , band  108 , housing  104 , and/or recess  204  as described herein allow antenna  720  and antenna  721  to be positioned for powering and communication as described, while maintaining water resistance for the internal cavity of housing  104 , and providing the mechanical and aesthetic benefit of symmetric bumper functionality for the NFC module  208 . 
     As illustrated in the example of  FIG.  20   , the cross-sectional width (e.g., and/or the cross-sectional length) of antenna  720  may be smaller than the corresponding cross-sectional width (e.g., and/or the cross-sectional length) of antenna  721  in some implementations. Thus, in an attached configuration for band  108 , while antenna  720  and antenna  721  may be axially aligned, antenna  720  and antenna  721  may have different footprints when viewed the axes of the antennas. 
     As described herein, in various implementations, band module housing  1602  can be formed from a rigid material such as a glass-fiber reinforced polyamide to provide a smooth hard outer surface  1811  for providing bumper functionality for NFC module  208 . However, as also noted herein, in some implementations, attachment portion  206  can be formed from a rigid material such as a metal.  FIG.  21    illustrates a cross-sectional view of attachment portion  206  of a band  108  that is formed from a rigid material  2100  (e.g., a metal such as stainless steel). In the example of  FIG.  21   , band module housing  1602  is embedded within a relatively softer material  2102  (e.g., a flouroelastomer or other resiliently compressible material). In this example, a layer  2121  of material  2102  is formed over the outer surface of band module housing  1602  so that both of opposing outer surfaces  1809  and  1811  form relatively soft bumper surfaces for attachment portion  206 . In this example material  2102  can be resiliently compressible so that, when attachment portion is pressed into recess  204 , material  2102  compresses to allow insertion of band  108  into the recess  204  while resiliently providing an outward force between surfaces  1809  and  1811  and the surface  400  of recess  204  to facilitate sliding of band  108  into recess  204  with a desirable amount of frictional resistance. 
     In the example of  FIG.  21   , an NFC module  208  having a band module housing  1602  and an antenna assembly  1604  disposed within a cavity in the band module housing is embedded in the material  2102 . However, in some implementation, an embedded NFC module may be provided in an elastomeric material without the band module housing. 
     For example,  FIG.  22    illustrates an implementation in which the antenna assembly  1604  is coated with a first material  2200 , such as a resin or a polymer (e.g., a thermosetting polymer such as epoxy), after which the antenna assembly  1604  coated with the first material  2200  can be embedded (e.g., overmolded) in the material  2102 . In the example of  FIG.  22   , the layer  2121  of material  2102  is formed over an outer surface of first material  2200  so that both of opposing outer surfaces  1809  and  1811  (see, e.g.,  FIG.  21   ) form relatively soft bumper surfaces for attachment portion  206 . 
     Various examples of implementations of NFC modules  208  and NFC modules  210  are described herein in connection with, for example,  FIGS.  7 - 21   . However, it should be appreciated that other implementations of NFC module  208  and other implementations of NFC module  210  are contemplated herein. 
     For example,  FIG.  23    illustrates an implementation of NFC module  208  with a reduced size in multiple dimensions, and for which simplified manufacturing can be applied. In the example of  FIG.  23   , antenna assembly  1604  includes a substrate  1616  having a first surface  1617  on which antenna  720  is mounted. In the example, antenna  720  is wound around a core structure  1612  (e.g., a plastic support structure or a ferrite support structure for enhancement of the performance of antenna  720 ) that is also mounted on surface  1617 . Additional circuitry such as a capacitor  1614  can also be mounted to surface  1617  of substrate  1616 . In the example of  FIG.  23   , leads  1710  of the coil of antenna  720  contact conductive structures  1712  on the same side of antenna assembly  1604  as surface  1617  of substrate  1616  (e.g., without extending around an edge of the substrate  1616 ). Forming the contacts between leads  1710  and conductive structures  1712  on the same side of antenna assembly  1604  as surface  1617  of substrate  1616  as in  FIG.  23    can reduce the complexity of the manufacturing process for antenna assembly  1604  and/or facilitate a simplified manufacturing process for antenna assembly  1604  (e.g., by allowing the wire for the antenna  720  to be wound around the core structure  1612  and leads  1710  to be coupled to conductive structures  1712  in an automated process). 
     In the example of  FIG.  23   , circuitry  2321  is mounted in a recess  2300  in the substrate  1616  (e.g., a recess in the opposing side of substrate  1616  from the side on which antenna  720  and capacitor  1614  are mounted). Circuitry  2321  may be, for example, an implementation of memory  1621  described herein, or may be an integrated circuit that includes memory (e.g., storing a unique identifier for NFC module  208  and thus band  108 ) and/or additional processing circuitry. Circuitry  2321  may be configured to processes NFC communications from NFC module  210  and received by antenna  720 , to manage communications to NFC module  210  using antenna  720 , and/or to manage RF power received from NFC module  210  at antenna  720 . Mounting the memory  1621  in the recess  2300  as in the example of  FIG.  23    can reduce the z-height of the antenna assembly  1604 , which can be helpful for implementations of the NFC module in bands  108  that are formed from certain band materials (e.g., braided bands that have rigid attachment portions  206  and soft bumpers). 
     As another example,  FIG.  24    illustrates an implementation of an antenna assembly  1604  of NFC module  208  in which circuitry  2321  is mounted in the recess  2300  in substrate  1616 , and antenna  720  is provided in a multi-coil arrangement. As shown in the example of  FIG.  24   , in one or more implementations, the antenna assembly  1604  may include an antenna  720  that includes two coils  2420  and  2421  (e.g., a pair of coils) that are each wound around a respective core structure  2412  and  2413  (e.g., a pair of corresponding core structures or support structures) that are mounted on, or formed as protrusions from, surface  1617 . Core structure  2412  for coil  2420  may be a plastic or other insulating support structure or a ferrite support structure for enhancement of the performance of antenna  720  in various implementations. Core structure  2413  for coil  2421  may be a plastic or other insulating support structure or a ferrite support structure for enhancement of the performance of antenna  720  in various implementations. 
       FIG.  25    illustrates a top view of the antenna assembly  1604  of  FIG.  24   , in which the two coils  2420  and  2421  and their respective core structures  2412  and  2413 , and leads  1710  can be seen. In the top view of  FIG.  25   , portions  2500  of the single wire forming both coils of antenna  720  are visible extending between the two coils  2420  and  2421 . In one or more implementations, an NFC module  208  having a multi-coil antenna module, as in the example of  FIGS.  24  and  25   , can communicate with a (e.g., mirrored) multi-coil antenna module in housing  104  to form one or more magnetic flux loops through the multi-coil antennas that can facilitate providing, exchanging, and/or receiving identification, power, and/or other communications between the processing circuitry of the wearable device  100  and the band  108 . 
       FIG.  26    illustrates a partially exploded perspective view of structures for mounting another implementation of NFC module  210  in the housing  104 . As shown in  FIG.  26   , NFC module  210  may be mounted a flexible printed circuit  212  that is implemented with connection features such as Plated Through-Hole (PTH) features  2600  for coupling the flexible printed circuit  212  to conductive contacts on the NFC module  210  (e.g., and thus to the leads for antenna  721 ). In this example, flexible printed circuit  212  may be attached by a foam and/or adhesive structure  2602  to cowling  419 , which can be attached to an interior surface of housing  104  such as by screw  802  as described herein. 
       FIG.  27    illustrates an exploded perspective view of the antenna assembly  903  of  FIG.  26   . In the example of  FIG.  27   , antenna assembly  903  includes antenna  721  implemented as a wound coil that is wound around a core structure  906 . Core structure  906  may be a plastic structure that is provided primarily for support of antenna  721 , or may be a magnetic (e.g., ferrite) core that supports antenna  721  and enhances the efficiency of antenna  721 . 
     In the example of  FIG.  27   , antenna assembly  903  includes an adhesive layer  2702  for attaching core structure  906  to a magnetic layer  2704  such as a ferrite sheet. The magnetic layer  2704  may be attached to an interposer  2706 , and a patterned adhesive layer  2708  may be provided on an opposing side of the interposer  2706  (e.g., to attach the antenna assembly  903  to the flexible printed circuit  212 ). 
       FIG.  27    also shows how core structure  906  may have a base portion  1033  that includes cutouts  2700  that allow leads  1000  from antenna  721  to extend past the base portion of the core structure and around an edge of interposer  2706  to terminate on a side of interposer  2706  that is opposite to the side on which antenna  721  is mounted (e.g., mounted via magnetic layer  2704  and adhesive layer  2702 , and support structure  906 ). 
       FIG.  28    illustrates a bottom perspective view of antenna assembly  903  of  FIG.  27    in an assembled configuration and attached to flexible printed circuit  212 .  FIG.  28    shows how leads  1000  can terminate on a bottom surface of interposer  2706  and interposer  2706  can be communicatively coupled to flexible printed circuit  212  using PTH features  2600  (or other electrical connecting structures or materials). 
       FIG.  29    illustrates a top perspective view of antenna assembly  903  in other implementation. In the example of  FIG.  29   , interposer  2706  includes extensions  2900  on which contact pads  2902  are formed. In this example, leads  1000  of the antenna  721  are conductively coupled to contact pads  2902  on the same side of interposer  2706  on which support structure  906  is mounted. In this example, base portion  1033  is partially disposed in a recess  2904  in the surface of the interposer  2706  on which the contact pads  2902  are formed. 
       FIG.  30    illustrates another implementation of NFC module  210 , in which the antenna assembly  903  is provided in a multi-coil arrangement. For example, the multi-coil arrangement of NFC module  210  may be disposed in housing  104  to form a mirrored pair of coils with the coils  2420  and  2421  of the multi-coil arrangement of NFC module  208  shown in  FIGS.  24  and  25   . In the example of  FIG.  30   , antenna  721  of NFC module  210  includes multiple coils (e.g., two coils  3021  and  3022  formed from two windings of a single wire) wound around multiple respective core structures (e.g., two parallel support structures such as core structures  3031  and  3032 ). In this example, core structures  3031  and  3032  are portions of the core structure  906  that extend (e.g., vertically and in parallel) from the base portion  1033  of the core structure  906 . Core structure  906 , including base portion  1033  and the respective core structures  3031  and  3032  for the coils  3021  and  3022 , may be a plastic structure that is provided primarily for support of antenna  721 , or may be a magnetic (e.g., ferrite) core that supports antenna  721  and enhances the efficiency of antenna  721 . 
     In the example of  FIG.  30   , base portion  1033  of core structure  906  is partially disposed in a recess in an interposer  2706 . In this example, interposer  2706  also includes a ledge  3000  on which leads  1000  from antenna  720  are conductively coupled to conductive pads. In this configuration, conductive structures of the interposer  2706  (not explicitly visible in  FIG.  30   ) couple the pads on ledge  3000  (to which the leads  1000  are coupled) to the flexible printed circuit  212 . In configurations in which the multi-coil arrangement of NFC module  210  is mounted in housing  104 , the multi-coil arrangement of NFC module  208  is mounted in band  108 , and band  108  is mounted in the recess  204  in the housing  104 , coils  2420  and  2421  of NFC module  208  and coils  3021  and  3022  of NFC module  210  may form mirrored pairs of coils that can be used to communicate power, identifiers, and/or other information and/or signals between the band  108  and the processing circuitry of the wearable electronic device  100 . 
     Various examples are described herein (e.g., in connection with  FIGS.  7 ,  9 ,  12 , and  13   ) in which adhesive  722  that extends around the periphery of interface portion  404  attaches the interface portion  404  within the opening  407  in recess  204  of housing  104 . However, it should be appreciated that other implementations of interface portion  404 , and the attachment between the interface portion  404  and the housing  104 , are contemplated. 
     For example,  FIG.  31    illustrates an implementation in which an adhesive film  3100  (e.g., a heat activated film (HAF)) is disposed between the ledge  406  in opening  407  and the interface portion  404 . In the example of  FIG.  31   , the interface portion  404  may be inserted into the opening  407  in the direction  3102 , and the adhesive film  3100  can be cured (e.g., by application of heat). Once the interface portion  404  is bonded to the ledge  406  by adhesive film  3100 , adhesive  722  may be dispensed into a gap  3104  between the extended portion  935  of the interface portion  404  and the opening  407  to attach the interface portion  404  within the opening  407 . In this example, the adhesive film  3100  can provide a barrier or glue dam, during dispensing of adhesive  722 , that prevents the adhesive  722  from passing into the recess  204 . 
     In the example of  FIG.  31   , the adhesive film  3100  can extend around the entire periphery of the interface portion, or can be disposed along one or more (e.g., discontinuous) portions of the periphery. For example,  FIG.  32    illustrates a top perspective view of interface portion  404  in which adhesive film  3100  is formed on two end portions  3200  of the periphery of the interface portion  404 , with a gap  3202  in the adhesive film  3100  along one or more of the edges of the periphery of the interface portion  404 . As shown in  FIG.  33   , in the implementation of  FIG.  32   , along the edges of the periphery of the interface portion  404 , the gap  3202  can be filled with adhesive  722  that is dispensed into the gap  3104 . In this way (e.g., by providing a gap  3202  in the adhesive film  3100 ), the width of the interface portion  404  (e.g., along the direction A-A of  FIG.  6   ) can be reduced, which can facilitate sliding of the band  108  into and out of the recess  204  in some implementations. 
       FIG.  34    illustrates another implementation of interface portion  404 . In the example of  FIG.  34   , the interface portion  404  includes a gasket  3400  (e.g., an overmolded silicon gasket). In this example, the interface portion  404  (including the gasket  3400 ) may be inserted into the opening  407  from within the housing (e.g., in the direction  3402 ), and gasket  3400  may act as a barrier to adhesive  722  when adhesive  722  is then dispensed into the gap  3104 . In the example of  FIG.  34   , opening  407  is provided without a ledge  406 , and interface portion  404  is provided without an overhanging portion that rests on the ledge. In this way, the width of the opening  407  in the recess  204  may be reduced (e.g., along the direction A-A of  FIG.  6   ), which can facilitate sliding of the band  108  into and out of the recess  204  in some implementations.  FIG.  35    illustrates a top perspective view of the gasket  3400  extending around the periphery of the interface portion  404 . 
     In the configuration of  FIG.  34   , opening  407  may include features such as features  3404  that can be filled with the dispensed adhesive  722  to provide add strength to withstand a predetermined amount of pressure (e.g., one bar, two bar, three bar, five bar, at least five bar, or more than five bar), such as to provide a desired water resistance for wearable electronic device  100 .  FIG.  36    illustrates a configuration in which an interface portion  404  that includes a gasket  3400  can be inserted (e.g., in a direction  3602  from the recess  204 ) into an opening  407  that tapers in the direction  3602 , so that (in an assembled configuration) pressure from the band and/or fluid in the recess  204  presses the interface portion  404  into compression to help withstand a predetermined amount of pressure (e.g., one bar, two bar, three bar, five bar, at least five bar, or more than five bar), such as to provide a desired water resistance for wearable electronic device  100 . In the example of  FIG.  34   , the interface portion  404  also includes a protrusion  3600  extending from the extended portion  935 , that can be attached by adhesive  722  to a ledge  3604  on the tapered opening  407 . 
     In various examples described herein (e.g., in connection with  FIGS.  7 ,  9 ,  12 ,  13 , and  31 - 36   ), interface portion  404  is formed separately from the housing  104  and installed in an opening  407  therein using, for example, adhesive  722  and/or other attachment materials and/or mechanisms. However, it should be appreciated that, in one or more implementations, the interface portion  404  for NFC module  210  may be integrally formed with the housing  104  (e.g., to provide a seamless, co-finished surface  400  within the recess  204 , in which the outer surface of the cap forms a co-finished portion of the surface of the recess in the device housing). 
     For example,  FIG.  37    illustrates an example in which the interface portion  404  is formed by a cured adhesive material  3700  (e.g., a thermosetting polymer or resin such as an epoxy material). In this example, the interface portion  404  may be integrally formed with the housing  104  by machining a pocket into the housing  104  prior to forming the recess  204 , filling the pocket with the adhesive material  3700  and curing the adhesive material  3700 , and then machining the recess  204  in the housing material for housing  104  in which the cured adhesive material  3700  is already disposed. In this way, the outer surface  402  of the interface portion  404  and the surface  400  of the recess  204  can be formed in a common machining process. In this example, the extended portion  935  of the interface portion  404  may also be formed by machining a cavity in the cured adhesive for insertion/attachment of the coil of antenna  720  of NFC module  210 . 
     In the example of  FIG.  37   , the interface portion  404  is entirely formed from the cured and machined adhesive material  3700 . However, in other implementations, an interface portion  404  that is integrally formed with the housing  104  (e.g., to provide a seamless, co-finished surface  400  within the recess  204 , as illustrated in  FIG.  37   ) may be formed using other materials and/or processes. For example, instead of curing and machining the adhesive material  3700 , the interface portion  404  may be integrally formed with the housing  104  by machining a pocket into the housing  104  prior to forming the recess  204 , and forming the interface portion in the pocket using a direct injection molding process. For example, a thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer material may be direct injection molded into the machined pocket, and then the recess  204  may be machined in the housing material for housing  104  in which the injection molded material is already disposed. In this way, the outer surface  402  of the interface portion  404  formed by direct injection molding, and the surface  400  of the recess  204 , can be formed in a common machining process. In this example, the extended portion  935  of the interface portion  404  may be formed using an appropriately shaped mold structure during the injection molding process, or can also be formed by machining a cavity in the injection molded material for insertion/attachment of the coil of antenna  720  of NFC module  210 . 
     In yet other implementations, an interface portion  404  that is integrally formed with the housing  104  (e.g., to provide a seamless, co-finished surface  400  within the recess  204 ) may be formed from more than one material. For example,  FIG.  38    illustrates an example in which the interface portion  404  is formed by a first material  3800  (e.g., a plastic material or other polymer) and a cured adhesive material  3802  (e.g., a thermosetting polymer or resin such as an epoxy material). In this example the interface portion  404  may be integrally formed with the housing  104  by machining a pocket into the housing  104  prior to forming the recess  204 , attaching a plug formed from the first material  3800  in the machined pocket with the adhesive material  3802  (and curing the adhesive material), and then machining the recess  204  in the housing material for housing  104  in which the plug and the cured adhesive material  3802  is already disposed. In this way, the outer surface  402  of the interface portion  404  (e.g., substantially formed by the first material  3800 ) and the surface  400  of the recess  204  can be formed in a common machining process. In this example, the extended portion  935  of the interface portion  404  may also formed by machining a cavity in the plug formed by the first material  3800 , for insertion/attachment of the coil of antenna  720  of NFC module  210 . 
     In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, a wearable device system is provided that includes a main body. The main body includes a device housing, processing circuitry disposed within the device housing, a recess on an edge of the device housing, and a first near-field communications module mounted within the device housing adjacent to the recess. The wearable device system also includes a band configured to secure the main body to a wearer, the band including an attachment portion configured to be received in the recess in the device housing to removeably attach the band to the main body, and a second near-field communications module at least partially embedded within the attachment portion and including an identifier for the band. In an attached configuration for the band, the attachment portion of the band and the recess in the device housing are configured to align the first near-field communications module with the second near-field communications module. 
     In accordance with other aspects of the disclosure, a band for a wearable electronic device is provided that includes an attachment portion configured to be received in a recess in a device housing of the wearable electronic device to removeably attach the band to the device housing, and a bumper in the attachment portion to facilitate insertion of the attachment portion of the band into the recess in the device housing. The bumper includes a band module housing having an outer surface that forms a portion of an outer surface of the attachment portion of the band and near-field communications circuitry disposed in a recess in the band module housing, the near-field communications circuitry comprising a unique identifier for the band. 
     In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, a wearable electronic device is provided that includes a device housing, processing circuitry disposed within the device housing, a recess on an edge of the device housing, and a near-field communications module mounted within the device housing adjacent to the recess to read a unique identifier of a band having a portion mounted in the recess, the band configured to secure the device housing to a wearer. The near-field communications module includes an antenna module and a cap having an outer surface that forms a portion of a surface of the recess. 
     A reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean one and only one unless specifically so stated, but rather one or more. For example, “a” module may refer to one or more modules. An element proceeded by “a,” “an,” “the,” or “said” does not, without further constraints, preclude the existence of additional same elements. 
     Headings and subheadings, if any, are used for convenience only and do not limit the invention. The word exemplary is used to mean serving as an example or illustration. To the extent that the term include, have, or the like is used, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term comprise as comprise is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim. Relational terms such as first and second and the like may be used to distinguish one entity or action from another without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. 
     Phrases such as an aspect, the aspect, another aspect, some aspects, one or more aspects, an implementation, the implementation, another implementation, some implementations, one or more implementations, an embodiment, the embodiment, another embodiment, some embodiments, one or more embodiments, a configuration, the configuration, another configuration, some configurations, one or more configurations, the subject technology, the disclosure, the present disclosure, other variations thereof and alike are for convenience and do not imply that a disclosure relating to such phrase(s) is essential to the subject technology or that such disclosure applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to such phrase(s) may apply to all configurations, or one or more configurations. A disclosure relating to such phrase(s) may provide one or more examples. A phrase such as an aspect or some aspects may refer to one or more aspects and vice versa, and this applies similarly to other foregoing phrases. 
     A phrase “at least one of” preceding a series of items, with the terms “and” or “or” to separate any of the items, modifies the list as a whole, rather than each member of the list. The phrase “at least one of” does not require selection of at least one item; rather, the phrase allows a meaning that includes at least one of any one of the items, and/or at least one of any combination of the items, and/or at least one of each of the items. By way of example, each of the phrases “at least one of A, B, and C” or “at least one of A, B, or C” refers to only A, only B, or only C; any combination of A, B, and C; and/or at least one of each of A, B, and C. 
     It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps, operations, or processes disclosed is an illustration of exemplary approaches. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps, operations, or processes may be performed in different order. Some of the steps, operations, or processes may be performed simultaneously. The accompanying method claims, if any, present elements of the various steps, operations or processes in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented. These may be performed in serial, linearly, in parallel or in different order. It should be understood that the described instructions, operations, and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software/hardware product or packaged into multiple software/hardware products. 
     In one aspect, a term coupled or the like may refer to being directly coupled. In another aspect, a term coupled or the like may refer to being indirectly coupled. 
     Terms such as top, bottom, front, rear, side, horizontal, vertical, and the like refer to an arbitrary frame of reference, rather than to the ordinary gravitational frame of reference. Thus, such a term may extend upwardly, downwardly, diagonally, or horizontally in a gravitational frame of reference. 
     The disclosure is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the subject technology. The disclosure provides various examples of the subject technology, and the subject technology is not limited to these examples. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the principles described herein may be applied to other aspects. 
     All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout the disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. §112, sixth paragraph, unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for” or, in the case of a method claim, the element is recited using the phrase “step for”. 
     The title, background, brief description of the drawings, abstract, and drawings are hereby incorporated into the disclosure and are provided as illustrative examples of the disclosure, not as restrictive descriptions. It is submitted with the understanding that they will not be used to limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the detailed description, it can be seen that the description provides illustrative examples and the various features are grouped together in various implementations for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. The method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed subject matter requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the claims reflect, inventive subject matter lies in less than all features of a single disclosed configuration or operation. The claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separately claimed subject matter. 
     The claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects described herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims and to encompass all legal equivalents. Notwithstanding, none of the claims are intended to embrace subject matter that fails to satisfy the requirements of the applicable patent law, nor should they be interpreted in such a way.