Patent Publication Number: US-7712529-B2

Title: Sand control screen assembly and method for use of same

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   This invention relates, in general, to controlling the production of particulate materials from a hydrocarbon formation and, in particular, to a sand control screen assembly having a swellable material layer that is operable to radially extend a plurality of telescoping perforations having particulate filtering capability into contact with the formation. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   Without limiting the scope of the present invention, its background is described with reference to the production of hydrocarbons through a wellbore traversing an unconsolidated or loosely consolidated formation, as an example. 
   It is well known in the subterranean well drilling and completion art that particulate materials such as sand may be produced during the production of hydrocarbons from a well traversing an unconsolidated or loosely consolidated subterranean formation. Numerous problems may occur as a result of the production of such particulate materials. For example, the particulate materials cause abrasive wear to components within the well, such as tubing, pumps and valves. In addition, the particulate materials may partially or fully clog the well creating the need for an expensive workover. Also, if the particulate materials are produced to the surface, they must be removed from the hydrocarbon fluids by processing equipment at the surface. 
   One method for preventing the production of such particulate materials to the surface is gravel packing the well adjacent the unconsolidated or loosely consolidated production interval. In a typical gravel pack completion, a sand control screen is lowered into the wellbore on a work string to a position proximate the desired production interval. A fluid slurry including a liquid carrier and a particulate material, such as gravel, is then pumped down the work string and into the well annulus formed between the sand control screen and the perforated well casing or open hole production zone. 
   The liquid carrier either flows into the formation or returns to the surface by flowing through the sand control screen or both. In either case, the gravel is deposited around the sand control screen to form a gravel pack, which is highly permeable to the flow of hydrocarbon fluids but blocks the flow of the particulate carried in the hydrocarbon fluids. As such, gravel packs can successfully prevent the problems associated with the production of particulate materials from the formation. 
   It has been found, however, that a complete gravel pack of the desired production interval is difficult to achieve particularly in long or inclined/horizontal production intervals. These incomplete packs are commonly a result of the liquid carrier entering a permeable portion of the production interval causing the gravel to form a sand bridge in the annulus. Thereafter, the sand bridge prevents the slurry from flowing to the remainder of the annulus which, in turn, prevents the placement of sufficient gravel in the remainder of the annulus. 
   In certain open hole completions where gravel packing may not be feasible, attempts have been made to use expandable sand control screens. Typically, expandable sand control screens are designed to not only filter particulate materials out of the formation fluids, but also provide radial support to the formation to prevent the formation from collapsing into the wellbore. It has been found, however, that conventional expandable sand control screens are not capable of contacting the wall of the wellbore along their entire length as the wellbore profile is not uniform. More specifically, due to the process of drilling the wellbore and heterogeneity of the downhole strata, washouts or other irregularities commonly occur which result in certain locations within the wellbore having larger diameters than other areas or having non circular cross sections. Thus, when the expandable sand control screens are expanded, voids are created between the expandable sand control screens and the irregular areas of the wellbore. In addition, it has been found that the expansion process undesirably weakens such sand control screens. 
   More recently, attempts have been made to install sand control screens that include telescoping screen members. Typically, hydraulic pressure is used to extend the telescoping screen members radially outwardly toward the wellbore. This process requires providing fluid pressure through the entire work string that acts on the telescoping members to shift the members from a position partially extending into to production string to the radially extended position. It has been found, however, that in substantially horizontal production intervals, the telescoping screen members may not properly deploy, particularly along the portion of the production string resting on the bottom surface of the wellbore. Failure to fully extend all the telescoping screen members results in a non uniform inner bore which may prevent the passage of tools therethrough. 
   Therefore, a need has arisen for a sand control screen assembly that prevents the production of particulate materials from a well that traverses a hydrocarbon bearing subterranean formation without the need for performing a gravel packing operation. A need has also arisen for such a sand control screen assembly that provides radial support to the formation without the need for expanding metal tubulars. Further, a need has arisen for such a sand control screen assembly that is suitable for operation in open hole completions and horizontal production intervals. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention disclosed herein comprises a sand control screen assembly that prevents the production of particulate materials from a well that traverses a hydrocarbon bearing subterranean formation. The sand control screen assembly of the present invention achieves this result without the need for performing a gravel packing operation. In addition, the sand control screen assembly of the present invention provides radial support to the formation without the need for expanding metal tubulars and is suitable for operation in open hole completions and horizontal production intervals. 
   In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a sand control screen assembly including a base pipe having a plurality of openings that allow fluid flow therethrough and a swellable filter media disposed exteriorly of the base pipe and surrounding the plurality of openings. The swellable filter media is radially extendable between a first configuration and a second configuration in response to contact with an activating fluid. The swellable filter media is operable to allow fluid flow therethrough and prevent particulate flow of a predetermined size therethrough. 
   In one embodiment, the activating fluid is a hydrocarbon. In another embodiment, the swellable filter media is formed from a material selected from the group consisting of elastic polymers, EPDM rubber, styrene butadiene, natural rubber, ethylene propylene monomer rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, ethylene vinyl acetate rubber, hydrogenized acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, chloroprene rubber and polynorbornene. In this embodiment, the swellable material may contain pores having diameters of less than 1 mm. In yet another embodiment, the swellable filter media is operable to swell into contact with a surface of a formation when the sand control screen assembly is disposed in a well and the swellable filter media is in the second configuration. In one embodiment, the swellable filter media may include filter medium layer and a swellable material layer. In another embodiment, the swellable filter media may include a filter medium layer positioned between two swellable material layers. 
   In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a sand control screen assembly that includes base pipe having at least one opening in a sidewall portion thereof and a swellable material layer disposed exteriorly of the base pipe and having at least one opening corresponding to the at least one opening of the base pipe. A telescoping perforation is operably associated with the at least one opening of the base pipe and is at least partially disposed within the at least one opening of the swellable material layer. A filter medium is disposed within the telescoping perforation. In operation, radial expansion of the swellable material layer, in response to contact with an activating fluid, causes the telescoping perforation to radially outwardly extend. 
   In one embodiment, a face plate located at the distal end of the telescoping perforation substantially transverse to a longitudinal axis of the telescoping perforation. In this embodiment, the face plate may be positioned on the exterior surface of the swellable material layer. In another embodiment, the filter medium is recessed radially inwardly from the distal end of the telescoping perforation. In this embodiment, the filter medium further may be a multi-layer woven wire mesh. In yet another embodiment, the telescoping perforation may be a telescoping tubular perforation. In a further embodiment, the activating fluid may be a hydrocarbon and the swellable material may be selected from the group consisting of elastic polymers, EPDM rubber, styrene butadiene, natural rubber, ethylene propylene monomer rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, ethylene vinyl acetate rubber, hydrogenized acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, chloroprene rubber and polynorbornene. 
   In a further aspect, the present invention is directed to a sand control screen assembly that includes a base pipe having a plurality of openings in a sidewall portion thereof and defining an internal flow path. A swellable material layer is disposed exteriorly of the base pipe and has a plurality of openings that correspond to the openings of the base pipe. A plurality of telescoping perforations is operably associated with the openings of the base pipe and at least partially disposed within the corresponding openings of the swellable material layer. The telescoping perforations provide fluid flow paths between a fluid source disposed exteriorly of the base pipe and the interior flow path. A filter medium is disposed within each of the telescoping perforations. In operation, radial expansion of the swellable material layer, in response to contact with an activating fluid, causes the telescoping perforation to radially outwardly extend. 
   In a further aspect, the present invention is directed to a method for making a sand control screen assembly. The method includes providing a base pipe having an interior flow path, disposing a swellable material layer on the exterior of the base pipe, forming corresponding openings in the base pipe and the swellable material layer and operably associating a plurality of telescoping perforations having filter media with the openings of the base pipe and at least partially disposing the telescoping perforations within the corresponding openings of the swellable material layer such that upon radial expansion of the swellable material layer, the telescoping perforations are radially outwardly extendable. 
   The method may also include forming the openings after the swellable material layer is disposed on the exterior of the base pipe, drilling holes through the swellable material layer and the base pipe and threadably coupling the telescoping perforations with the openings of the base pipe. 
   In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a method of installing a sand control screen assembly in a subterranean well. The method includes running the sand control screen assembly to a target location within the subterranean well, contacting a swellable material layer disposed exteriorly on a base pipe with an activating fluid, the swellable material layer and the base pipe having corresponding openings, radially expanding the swellable material layer in response to contact with the activating fluid and radially outwardly extending telescoping perforations having filter media that are operably associated with the openings of the base pipe and at least partially disposed within the corresponding openings of the swellable material layer, in response to the radial expansion of the swellable material layer. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     For a more complete understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention, reference is now made to the detailed description of the invention along with the accompanying figures in which corresponding numerals in the different figures refer to corresponding parts and in which: 
       FIG. 1A  is a schematic illustration of a well system operating a plurality of sand control screen assemblies in a run in configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 1B  is a schematic illustration of the well system operating a plurality of sand control screen assemblies in an operating configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 2A  is a schematic illustration of a well system operating a plurality of sand control screen assemblies in a run in configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 2B  is a schematic illustration of a well system operating a plurality of sand control screen assemblies in an operating configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 3  is a cross sectional view taken along line  3 - 3  of the sand control screen assembly of  FIG. 1A ; 
       FIG. 4  is a cross sectional view taken along line  4 - 4  of the sand control screen assembly of  FIG. 1B ; 
       FIG. 5  is a side view of a sand control screen assembly in a run in configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 6  is a side view of a sand control screen assembly in an operating configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 7A  is a side view of a portion of a sand control screen assembly depicting the top of a telescoping perforation according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 7B  is a cross sectional view taken along line  7 B- 7 B of the telescoping perforation of  FIG. 7A ; 
       FIG. 8  is a side view of a sand control screen assembly in a run in configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 9  is a side view of a sand control screen assembly in an operating configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 10  is a side view of a sand control screen assembly in a run in configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 11  is a side view of a sand control screen assembly in an operating configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 12  is a side view of a sand control screen assembly in an operating configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 13  is a side view of a sand control screen assembly in an operating configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 14  is a flow diagram of a process for making a sand control screen assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention; and 
       FIG. 15  is a flow diagram of a process for installing and operating a sand control screen assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   While the making and using of various embodiments of the present invention are discussed in detail below, it should be appreciated that the present invention provides many applicable inventive concepts which can be embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts. The specific embodiments discussed herein are merely illustrative of specific ways to make and use the invention, and do not delimit the scope of the present invention. 
   Referring initially to  FIG. 1A , therein is depicted a well system including a plurality of sand control screen assemblies embodying principles of the present invention that are schematically illustrated and generally designated  10 . In the illustrated embodiment, a wellbore  12  extends through the various earth strata. Wellbore  12  has a substantially vertical section  14 , the upper portion of which has installed therein a casing string  16 . Wellbore  12  also has a substantially horizontal section  18  that extends through a hydrocarbon bearing subterranean formation  20 . As illustrated, substantially horizontal section  18  of wellbore  12  is open hole. 
   Positioned within wellbore  12  and extending from the surface is a tubing string  22 . Tubing string  22  provides a conduit for formation fluids to travel from formation  20  to the surface. Positioned within tubing string  22  is a plurality of sand control screen assemblies  24 . The sand control screen assemblies  24  are shown in a run in or unextended configuration. 
   Referring next to  FIG. 1B , therein is depicted the well system of  FIG. 1A  with sand control screen assemblies  24  in their radially expanded configuration. As explained in greater detail below, when the swellable material layer of sand control screen assemblies  24  come in contact with an activating fluid, such as a hydrocarbon fluid, the swellable material layer radially expands which in turn causes telescoping perforations of sand control screen assemblies  24  to radially outwardly extend. Preferably, as illustrated in  FIG. 1B , swellable material layer and telescoping perforations come in contact with formation  20  upon expansion. 
   Referring to  FIGS. 2A-2B , therein is depicted a well system including a plurality of sand control screen assemblies  24  embodying principles of the present invention that are schematically illustrated and generally designated  30 . In addition to those elements located in  FIG. 2A  common to  FIGS. 1A-1B , the tubing string  22  may further be divided up into a plurality of intervals using zone isolation devices and/or swellable zone isolation devices  26  or other sealing devices, such as packers, between adjacent sand control screen assemblies  24  or groups of sand control screen assemblies  24 . The zone isolation devices  26  may swell between the tubing string  22  and the wellbore  12  in horizontal section  18 , as depicted in  FIG. 2B , to provide zone isolation for those adjacent sand control screen assemblies  24  or groups of sand control screen assemblies  24  located between one or more zone isolation devices  26 . 
   These zone isolation devices  26  may be made from materials that swell upon contact by a fluid, such as an inorganic or organic fluid. Some exemplary fluids that may cause the zone isolation devices  26  to swell and isolate include water and hydrocarbons. 
   In addition, even though  FIGS. 1A-2B  depict the sand control screen assemblies of the present invention in a horizontal section of the wellbore, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the sand control screen assemblies of the present invention are equally well suited for use in deviated or vertical wellbores. Accordingly, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the use of directional terms such as above, below, upper, lower, upward, downward and the like are used in relation to the illustrative embodiments as they are depicted in the figures, the upward direction being toward the top of the corresponding figure and the downward direction being toward the bottom of the corresponding figure. 
   Referring to  FIG. 3 , therein is depicted a cross sectional view of a sand control screen assembly in its run in configuration that embodies principles of the present invention and is generally designated  40 . Sand control screen assembly  40  includes base pipe  44  that defines an internal flow path  42 . Base pipe  44  has a plurality of openings  45  that allow fluid to pass between the exterior of base pipe  44  and internal flow path  42 . Sand control screen assembly  40  includes a concentric layer of swellable material  46  that circumferentially surrounds base pipe  44 . Swellable material  46  has a plurality of openings  47  that correspond to openings  45  of base pipe  44 . In the illustrated embodiment, sand control screen assembly  40  includes a plurality of telescoping perforations  48 . The proximal ends of the telescoping perforations  48  are connected to the base pipe  44  by means of threading, welding, friction fit or the like. The distal ends of the telescoping perforations  48  terminate at a face plate  50  that is positioned exterior of or embedded in the exterior surface of swellable material  46 . Telescoping perforations  48  provide a fluid conduit or passageway between the distal ends and the proximal ends of the telescoping perforations  48  that passes through swellable material  46  and base pipe  44 . Disposed within each telescoping perforation  48  is a filter media  52 . 
   The filter media  52  may comprise a mechanical screening element such as a fluid-porous, particulate restricting, metal screen having a plurality of layers of woven wire mesh that may be diffusion bonded or sintered together to form a porous wire mesh screen designed to allow fluid flow therethrough but prevent the flow of particulate materials of a predetermined size from passing therethrough. Alternatively, filter media  52  may be formed from other types of sand control medium, such as gravel pack material, metallic beads such as stainless steel beads or sintered stainless steel beads and the like 
   Referring additionally now to  FIG. 4 , therein is depicted a cross sectional view of sand control screen assembly  40  in its operating configuration. In the illustrated embodiment, swellable material  46  has come in contact with an activating fluid, such as a hydrocarbon fluid, that has caused swellable material  46  to radially expand into contact with the surface of the wellbore  54 , which in the illustrated embodiment is the formation face. In addition, the radial expansion of swellable material  46  has caused telescoping perforations  48  to radially outwardly extend into contact with the surface of the wellbore  54 . In this embodiment, a stand off region  56  is provided between filter media  52  and wellbore  54  such that filter media  52  does not come into physical contact with the surface of the formation. 
   Referring next to  FIG. 5 , therein is depicted a side view of a sand control screen assembly in its run in configuration that embodies principles of the present invention and is generally designated  100 . In this embodiment, the sand control screen assembly  100  is located within an open hole portion of formation  102  having a surface  104 . The sand control screen assembly  100  includes one or more telescoping perforations  106  that are shown in an unextended position. 
   The sand control screen assembly  100  includes a concentric layer of swellable material  112  that surrounds a base pipe  108  having an interior flow path  120 . In one aspect, the telescoping perforations  106  include a face plate  118  and a filter medium  110 . The swellable material  112  includes an outer surface  114 . In the illustrated embodiment, face plates  118  are embedded within swellable material  112  such that a substantially smooth outer surface is established in the run in configuration. Located between the outer surface  114  and the surface  104  of the formation  102  is an annular region  116 . 
   Referring additionally to  FIG. 6 , therein is depicted a cross sectional view of sand control screen assembly  100  in its operating configuration. The swellable material  112  has come in contact with an activating fluid, such as a hydrocarbon fluid, that has caused swellable material  112  to radially expand into contact with the surface  104  of the formation  102 . Likewise, the radial expansion of swellable material  112  has caused telescoping perforations  106  to radially outwardly extend into contact with the surface  104  of the formation  102 . In this embodiment, filter medium  110  does not come into contact with the surface  104  of the formation  102  due to a stand off region of face plate  118 . Preferably, the outer surface  114  of the swellable material  112  does contact the surface  104  of the formation  102 . 
   Referring additionally to  FIG. 7A , therein is depicted a distal end view of a portion of swellable material  46 ,  112 , a face plate  50 ,  118  and a filter media  52 ,  110  of a sand control screen assembly  40 ,  100 . As illustrated, face plate  50 ,  118  is positioned on the exterior surface of swellable material  46 ,  112  (see also  FIGS. 3-6 ). As swellable material  46 ,  112  surrounds the telescoping portions of telescoping perforations  48 ,  106  and as face plates  50 ,  118  have a diameter that is larger than the diameter of the telescoping portions of telescoping perforations  48 ,  106 , radial expansion of the swellable material  46 ,  112  applies a radially outwardly directed force on face plates  50 ,  118  which in turn causes telescoping perforations  48 ,  106  to radially extend toward the surface  58 ,  104  of the formation  54 ,  102 . 
   Referring to  FIG. 7B , telescoping perforation  48 ,  106  has an outer tubular element  74  and an inner tubular element  76 . Preferably, outer tubular element  74  is connected to the base pipe  44 ,  108  by threading or other suitable means. Inner tubular element  76  is connected to face plate  50 ,  118 . In this manner, when the radially outwardly directed force is applied to face plate  50 ,  118 , inner tubular element  76  telescopes radially outwardly relative to outer tubular element  74 . Together, inner and outer tubular elements  74 ,  76  of telescoping perforation  48 ,  106  defines an internal flow path  72 . Positioned within internal flow path  72  is the filter media  52 ,  110  which may be a mechanical screening element or other suitable filter member that is sized according to the particular requirements of the production zone into which it will be installed. Some exemplary sizes of the filter media  52  may be 20, 30, and 40 standard mesh sizes. 
   Even though  FIGS. 3-7B  have depicted telescoping perforations  48 ,  106  as having inner and outer tubular elements  74 ,  76 , it should be understood by those skilled in the art that other configurations of nested telescoping elements could alternatively be used in telescoping perforations  48 ,  106  without departing from the principles of the present invention. In addition, it should be noted that any number of telescoping perforations  48 ,  106  may be located on base pipe  44 ,  108  and they may be positioned at any desirable location on the circumference of base pipe  44 ,  108 . 
   Preferably, when telescoping perforations  48 ,  106  are fully extended, a stand off distance remains between the filter media  52 ,  110  and the surface  58 ,  104  of the formation  54 ,  102 . For example, if a filter cake has previously formed on the surface  58 ,  104  of the formation  54 ,  102 , then the stand off will prevent damage to the filter media  52 ,  110  and allow removal of the filter cake using acid or other reactive fluid. 
   Referring to  FIG. 8 , therein is depicted a side view of a sand control screen assembly  150  in an unextended position. The sand control screen assembly  150  includes a concentric layer of swellable material  154  that circumferentially surrounds a base pipe  152  having an interior flow path  166 . The base pipe  152  preferably includes a plurality of openings  168  that are in fluid communication with the swellable material  154  for providing a fluid conduit between the formation  162  and the interior flow path  166 . In the illustrated embodiment, an expandable control screen  158  was previously installed in the open hole completion such that expandable control screen  158  is positioned against the surface  164  of the formation  162 . Expandable sand screen  158  is a fluid-porous, particulate restricting, metal material such as a plurality of layers of a wire mesh that may be diffusion bonded or sintered together to form a fluid porous wire mesh screen. Expandable sand screen  158 , includes inner and outer tubulars that protect the filter media. As shown, expandable sand screen  158  has an open section  160  where the screen has been worn through or damaged, which allows sand production into the wellbore. 
   Referring additionally to  FIG. 9 , therein is depicted a side view of sand control screen assembly  150  in an extended position. Specifically, the swellable material  154  has expanded such that the outer surface  156  of swellable material  154  contacts the inner surface of sand screen  158 . This expansion has occurred in response to swellable material  154  contacting an activation fluid such as a hydrocarbon fluid as described herein. As shown, the open section  160  of expandable sand screen  158  is now isolated such that sand production through open section  160  is now prevented and the failed section of expandable sand screen  158  is repaired. As such, in embodiments in which swellable material  154  is not permeable, sand control screen assembly  150  may be placed down hole as a patch inside the damaged sand screen  158 . Alternatively, in embodiments in which swellable material  154  is fluid permeable but particulate resistant, production fluid may pass through swellable material  154  and openings  168  of base pipe  152  into interior flow path  166 . 
   Referring to  FIGS. 10-11 , therein is depicted a side view of a sand control screen assembly  180  in an unextended and an extended position, respectively. In the illustrated embodiment, sand control screen assembly  180  is positioned in a cased wellbore adjacent to formation  190 . Casing  192  has previously been perforated as indicated at  196  which created a plurality of openings  194  through casing  192 . Sand control screen assembly  180  includes a concentric layer of swellable material  184  that circumferentially surrounds the base pipe  182 . Base pipe  182  includes a plurality of openings  198  and defines an interior flow path  200 . As seen in  FIG. 11 , the swellable material  184  has expanded such that the outer surface  186  of swellable material  184  contact the inner surface of casing  192 . This expansion has occurred in response to swellable material  184  contacting an activation fluid such as a hydrocarbon fluid as described herein. In the illustrated embodiment, the swellable material  184  may serve as a packer to prevent fluid production and particulate production from the interval associated with casing  192 . Alternatively, swellable material  184  may be fluid permeable and particulate resistant such that production fluid may pass through swellable material  184  and openings  198  of base pipe  182  into interior flow path  200 . 
   The above described swellable materials such as swellable materials  46 ,  112 ,  154 ,  184  are materials that swells when contacted by an activation fluid, such as an inorganic or organic fluid. In one embodiment, the swellable material is a material that swells upon contact with and/or absorption of a hydrocarbon, such as oil. The hydrocarbon is absorbed into the swellable material such that the volume of the swellable material increases creating a radial expansion of the swellable material when positioned around a base pipe which creates a radially outward directed force that may operate to radially extend telescoping perforations as described above. Preferably, the swellable material will swell until its outer surface contacts the formation face in an open hole completion or the casing wall in a cased wellbore. The swellable material accordingly provides the energy to extend the telescoping perforations to the surface of the formation. 
   Some exemplary swellable materials include elastic polymers, such as EPDM rubber, styrene butadiene, natural rubber, ethylene propylene monomer rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, ethylene vinyl acetate rubber, hydrogenized acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, chloroprene rubber and polynorbornene. These and other swellable materials swells in contact with and by absorption of hydrocarbons so that the swellable materials expands. In one embodiment, the rubber of the swellable materials may also have other materials dissolved in or in mechanical mixture therewith, such as fibers of cellulose. Additional options may be rubber in mechanical mixture with polyvinyl chloride, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, ethylacetate or other polymers that expand in contact with oil. 
   In some embodiments, the swellable materials may be permeable to certain fluids but prevent particulate movement therethrough due to the porosity within the swellable materials. For example, the swellable material may have a pore size that is sufficiently small to prevent the passage of the sand therethrough but sufficiently large to allow hydrocarbon fluid production therethrough. For example, the swellable material may have a pore size of less than 1 mm. 
   Referring to  FIG. 12 , therein is depicted a side view of a sand control screen assembly  220  in an expanded configuration. Sand control screen assembly  220  includes a base pipe  222  that has a plurality of openings  224  and defines an interior flow path  226 . Positioned concentrically around base pipe  222  is a filter medium  228 . Filter medium  228  is depicted as a fluid-porous, particulate restricting, metal material such as a plurality of layers of a wire mesh that may be diffusion bonded or sintered together to form a fluid porous wire mesh screen. Those skilled in the art will understand that other types of filter media could alternatively be used in sand control screen assembly  220  such as a wire wrap screen, a sand packed screen or the like. Sand control screen assembly  220  also includes a layer of swellable material  230  that circumferentially surrounds filter medium  228 . Collectively, filter medium  228  and swellable material  230  may be referred to as a swellable filter media. 
   In a manner similar to that described above, sand control screen assembly  220  is run downhole with swellable material  230  in its unexpanded configuration. As seen in  FIG. 12 , the swellable material  230  has expanded such that the outer surface  232  of swellable material  230  contacts the surface of the open hole wellbore  234 . This expansion has occurred due to swellable material  230  contacting an activation fluid such as a hydrocarbon fluid as described herein. In the illustrated embodiment, the swellable material  230  is permeable to fluids and, in some embodiments, permeable to certain particulate materials which are prevented from entering the interior flow path  226  of base pipe  222  by filter media  228 . 
   Referring to  FIG. 13 , therein is depicted a side view of a sand control screen assembly  240  in an expanded configuration. Sand control screen assembly  240  includes a base pipe  242  that has a plurality of openings  244  and defines an interior flow path  246 . Positioned concentrically around base pipe  242  is a layer of swellable material  248 . Positioned concentrically around swellable material  248  is a filter medium  250 . Filter medium  250  is depicted as a fluid-porous, particulate restricting, metal material such as a plurality of layers of a wire mesh that may be diffusion bonded or sintered together to form a fluid porous wire mesh screen. Those skilled in the art will understand that other types of filter media could alternatively be used in sand control screen assembly  220  such as a wire wrap screen, sand packed screen or the like. Sand control screen assembly  240  also includes a layer of swellable material  252  that circumferentially surrounds filter medium  250 . Swellable material  248  includes a plurality of perforations  254  and swellable material  252  includes a plurality of perforations  256 . Collectively, filter medium  250  and swellable materials  248 ,  252  may be referred to as a swellable filter media. 
   In a manner similar to that described above, sand control screen assembly  240  is run downhole with swellable materials  248 ,  252  in their unexpanded configuration. As seen in  FIG. 13 , swellable materials  248 ,  252  have expanded such that the outer surface  258  of swellable material  252  contacts the surface of the open hole wellbore  260 . This expansion has occurred due to swellable materials  248 ,  252  contacting an activation fluid such as a hydrocarbon fluid as described herein. 
   In addition to the aforementioned aspects and embodiments of the present sand control screen assemblies, the present invention further includes methods for making a sand control screen assembly.  FIG. 14  illustrates an embodiment  320  of an exemplary process for making a sand control screen assembly. In step  322 , a base pipe is provided of a desired length for use in a desired application. In step  324 , a coating of swellable material is disposed on the exterior of the base pipe. This step may include any type of application process appropriate for the swellable materials disclosed herein, including: dipping, spraying, wrapping, applying and the like. Generally, the swellable material is applied in a desired length on the base pipe according to the desired application in the wellbore. Also, the location of the swellable material on the base pipe may be determined by where the base pipe will be in the wellbore in relation to the production areas. 
   In step  326 , openings are created in the swellable material. This step may be performed by removing those portions of the swellable material by drilling, cutting and the like. In this step, corresponding portions of the base pipe may also be removed to create holes in the base pipe using the same or a different drilling or cutting process. 
   In step  328 , the holes in the base pipe may be tapped or threaded for acceptance of the telescoping perforations. In step  330 , the telescoping perforations, including face plates, are installed through the removed portions of the swellable material and threaded into the tapped holes of the base pipe to complete the sand control screen assembly. 
     FIG. 15  illustrates an embodiment  340  of an exemplary process for controlling sand and hydrocarbon production from a production interval. In step  342 , a wellbore is drilled such that is traverses a subterranean hydrocarbon bearing formation. This step may include placing various casings or liners in the wellbore and performing various other well construction activities prior to insertion of the work string including one or more sand control screen assemblies of the present invention. In step  344 , one or more sand control screen assemblies are inserted into the wellbore and the sand control screen assemblies are positioned adjacent to their respective production intervals. In this step, the sand control screen assemblies are preferably run into a hole with a smooth inner bore and smooth outer bore to minimize the risk of getting stuck. 
   In step  346 , an activating fluid, such as a hydrocarbon, contacts the sand control screen assemblies and they expand, extend and/or swell radially outwards to come in contact with the surface of the formation of the wellbore. In those embodiments including telescoping perforations, steps  348  and  350  involve radially expanding the swellable material of the sand control screen assemblies which creates a outward radial force on the face plates such that telescoping perforations radially extend. 
   At this point, the wellbore is highly suitable for post treatment stimulation as there are no restrictions inside the wellbore. Further, it is not necessary to pump gravel or cement to achieve effective zone isolation and sand control. As described above, this process may further include incorporating blank packers, including swell packers, in the work string to further isolate desired sections of the wellbore making it possible to complete long, heterogeneous intervals. 
   The available flow area can be regulated by the density and size of the telescoping perforations used. In any of the steps above, packers may be set up to run control lines or fiber optics. Thus, it may be further configured to include fiber optics for continuous temperature and pressure monitoring as well as other control lines to perform smart well functions. 
   While this invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments as well as other embodiments of the invention, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. It is, therefore, intended that the appended claims encompass any such modifications or embodiments.