Patent Publication Number: US-2017366979-A1

Title: Radio access technology (rat) prioritization on a shared communication medium

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present Application for Patent is related to the following co-pending U.S. Patent Application: “Wakeup Schedule Coordination on a Shared Communication Medium,” having Attorney Docket No. 161698U1, filed concurrently herewith, assigned to the assignee hereof, and expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     INTRODUCTION 
     Aspects of this disclosure relate generally to telecommunications, and more particularly to operations on a shared communication medium and the like. 
     Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, data, multimedia, and so on. Typical wireless communication systems are multiple-access systems capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple-access systems include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, and others. These systems are often deployed in conformity with specifications such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) provided by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) and Evolution Data Optimized (EV-DO) provided by the Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2), 802.11 provided by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), etc. 
     In cellular networks, “macro cell” access points provide connectivity and coverage to a large number of users over a certain geographical area. A macro network deployment is carefully planned, designed, and implemented to offer good coverage over the geographical region. To improve indoor or other specific geographic coverage, such as for residential homes and office buildings, additional “small cell,” typically low-power access points have recently begun to be deployed to supplement conventional macro networks. Small cell access points may also provide incremental capacity growth, richer user experience, and so on. 
     Small cell Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) operations, for example, have been extended into the unlicensed frequency spectrum such as the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) and Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) bands used by Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) technologies. This extension of small cell operation is designed to increase spectral efficiency and hence capacity of the WWAN system. However, it may also overlap with the operations of other Radio Access Technologies (RATs) that typically utilize the same unlicensed bands, most notably IEEE 802.11x WLAN technologies generally referred to as “Wi-Fi.” 
     SUMMARY 
     The following summary is an overview provided solely to aid in the description of various aspects of the disclosure and is provided solely for illustration of the aspects and not limitation thereof. 
     In one example, a communication method is disclosed. The method may include, for example, receiving, over a backhaul connection and via a first Radio Access Technology (RAT), an activation command configuring the first RAT for active operation on a shared communication medium; generating an activity indicator based on the active operation of the first RAT; and disabling, based on the activity indicator, one or more measurements scheduled to be performed on the communication medium in accordance with a second RAT and a corresponding wakeup schedule. 
     In another example, a communication apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus may include, for example, at least one transceiver, at least one processor, and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor. The at least one transceiver may be configured to receive, over a backhaul connection and via a first RAT, an activation command configuring the first RAT for active operation on a shared communication medium. The at least one processor and the at least one memory may be configured to generate an activity indicator based on the active operation of the first RAT, and to disable, based on the activity indicator, one or more measurements scheduled to be performed on the communication medium in accordance with a second RAT and a corresponding wakeup schedule. 
     In another example, another communication apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus may include, for example, means for receiving, over a backhaul connection and via a first RAT, an activation command configuring the first RAT for active operation on a shared communication medium; means for generating an activity indicator based on the active operation of the first RAT; and means for disabling, based on the activity indicator, one or more measurements scheduled to be performed on the communication medium in accordance with a second RAT and a corresponding wakeup schedule. 
     In another example, a transitory or non-transitory computer-readable medium is disclosed. The computer-readable medium may include, for example, code for receiving, over a backhaul connection and via a first RAT, an activation command configuring the first RAT for active operation on a shared communication medium; code for generating an activity indicator based on the active operation of the first RAT; and code for disabling, based on the activity indicator, one or more measurements scheduled to be performed on the communication medium in accordance with a second RAT and a corresponding wakeup schedule. 
     In another example, another communication method is disclosed. The method may include, for example, monitoring access of a first RAT to a shared communication medium; generating a priority indicator for the first RAT based on the monitored access; and coordinating, based on the priority indicator, release of a backhaul connection on the communication medium that is associated with a second RAT. 
     In another example, another communication apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus may include, for example, at least one transceiver, at least one processor, and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor. The at least one transceiver may be configured to monitor access of a first RAT to a shared communication medium. The at least one processor and the at least one memory may be configured to generate a priority indicator for the first RAT based on the monitored access, and to coordinate, based on the priority indicator, release of a backhaul connection on the communication medium that is associated with a second RAT. 
     In another example, another communication apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus may include, for example, means for monitoring access of a first RAT to a shared communication medium; means for generating a priority indicator for the first RAT based on the monitored access; and means for coordinating, based on the priority indicator, release of a backhaul connection on the communication medium that is associated with a second RAT. 
     In another example, another transitory or non-transitory computer-readable medium is disclosed. The computer-readable medium may include, for example, code for monitoring access of a first RAT to a shared communication medium; code for generating a priority indicator for the first RAT based on the monitored access; and code for coordinating, based on the priority indicator, release of a backhaul connection on the communication medium that is associated with a second RAT. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The accompanying drawings are presented to aid in the description of various aspects of the disclosure and are provided solely for illustration of the aspects and not limitation thereof. 
         FIG. 1  is a system-level diagram illustrating an example wireless network environment. 
         FIG. 2  is a timing diagram illustrating an example interaction between Radio Access Technology (RAT) operations. 
         FIG. 3  is a flow diagram illustrating an example inter-RAT coordination scheme. 
         FIG. 4  is a timing diagram illustrating another example interaction between RAT operations. 
         FIG. 5  is a flow diagram illustrating another example inter-RAT coordination scheme. 
         FIG. 6  is a flow diagram illustrating an example method of communication in accordance with the techniques described herein. 
         FIG. 7  is a flow diagram illustrating another example method of communication in accordance with the techniques described herein. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates an example apparatus represented as a series of interrelated functional modules. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates another example apparatus represented as a series of interrelated functional modules. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The present disclosure relates generally to inter-Radio Access Technology (RAT) coordination procedures on a communication medium shared with multiple RATs. For example, one RAT may utilize the communication medium to provide “hotspot” service to a hotspot subscriber while another RAT may utilize the communication medium to provide backhaul services for the hotspot connection. To more efficiently manage the wakeup schedule of one RAT around periods of active and inactive communication of another RAT, an activity indicator may be generated to indicate when the communication medium is occupied by the other RAT. Based on the activity indicator and the corresponding potential for inter-RAT conflict, one or more measurements associated with the wakeup schedule may be omitted to conserve power. In addition or as an alternative, to promote timely access to the communication medium such as when latency-sensitive traffic is pending, a priority indicator may be generated for the traffic if a substantial number of unsuccessful access attempts have occurred or a substantial duration of time has elapsed without access to the communication medium. Based on the priority indicator, one of the connections (e.g., the backhaul connection) may be caused to be released to free the communication medium. 
     More specific aspects of the disclosure are provided in the following description and related drawings directed to various examples provided for illustration purposes. Alternate aspects may be devised without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Additionally, well-known aspects of the disclosure may not be described in detail or may be omitted so as not to obscure more relevant details. 
     Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the information and signals described below may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description below may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof, depending in part on the particular application, in part on the desired design, in part on the corresponding technology, etc. 
     Further, many aspects are described in terms of sequences of actions to be performed by, for example, elements of a computing device. It will be recognized that various actions described herein can be performed by specific circuits (e.g., Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs)), by program instructions being executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of both. In addition, for each of the aspects described herein, the corresponding form of any such aspect may be implemented as, for example, “logic configured to” perform the described action. 
       FIG. 1  is a system-level diagram illustrating an example wireless network environment. As shown, the network may include several wireless nodes, including an access point  110 , an access terminal  120 , and a hotspot subscriber  170  (e.g., another access terminal). Unless otherwise noted, the terms “access terminal” and “access point” are not intended to be specific or limited to any particular Radio Access Technology (RAT). In general, access terminals may be any wireless communication device allowing a user to communicate over a communications network (e.g., a mobile phone, router, personal computer, server, entertainment device, Internet of Things (IOT)/Internet of Everything (IOE) capable device, in-vehicle communication device, etc.), and may be alternatively referred to in different RAT environments as a User Device (UD), a Mobile Station (MS), a Subscriber Station (STA), a User Equipment (UE), etc. Similarly, an access point may operate according to one or several RATs in communicating with access terminals depending on the network in which the access point is deployed, and may be alternatively referred to as a Base Station (BS), a Network Node, a NodeB, an evolved NodeB (eNB), etc. Such an access point may correspond to a small cell access point, for example. “Small cells” generally refer to a class of low-powered access points that may include or be otherwise referred to as femto cells, pico cells, micro cells, Wi-Fi access points (APs), other small coverage area APs, etc. Small cells may be deployed to supplement macro cell coverage, which may cover a few blocks within a neighborhood or several square miles in a rural environment, thereby leading to improved signaling, incremental capacity growth, richer user experience, and so on. 
     In the example of  FIG. 1 , the access terminal  120  may generally include a wireless communication device  150  for communicating with other wireless nodes via at least one designated RAT. The communication device  150  may be variously configured for transmitting and encoding signals, and, conversely, for receiving and decoding signals in accordance with the designated RAT (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, and so on). 
     The communication device  150  may include, for example, one or more transceivers, with a primary RAT transceiver  152  and a co-located secondary RAT transceiver  154  being shown for illustration purposes. As used herein, a “transceiver” may include a transmitter circuit, a receiver circuit, or a combination thereof, but need not provide both transmit and receive functionalities in all designs. For example, a low functionality receiver circuit may be employed in some designs to reduce costs when providing full communication is not necessary (e.g., a radio chip or similar circuitry providing low-level sniffing only). Further, as used herein, the term “co-located” (e.g., radios, access points, transceivers, etc.) may refer to one of various arrangements. For example, components that are in the same housing; components that are hosted by the same processor; components that are within a defined distance of one another; and/or components that are connected via an interface (e.g., an Ethernet switch) where the interface meets the latency requirements of any required inter-component communication (e.g., messaging). 
     The access terminal  120  may also generally include a communication controller  160  for controlling operation of the communication device  150  (e.g., directing, modifying, enabling, disabling, etc.). The communication controller  160  may include a processor  162  and a memory  164  coupled to the processor  162 . The memory  164  may be configured to store data, instructions, or a combination thereof, either as on-board cache memory, as separate components, a combination, etc. The processor  162  and the memory  164  may be standalone communication components or may be part of the respective host system functionality of the access terminal  120 . 
     Turning to the illustrated communication in more detail, in this example the access terminal  120  may act as a “hotspot” for the hotspot subscriber  170  with the access point  110  providing a corresponding backhaul connection (e.g., to the Internet). The access terminal  120  and the access point  110  may communicate over a first wireless link  130  to provide a Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) backhaul connection. This communication may be performed via the primary RAT transceiver  152  at the access terminal  120  and a corresponding primary RAT transceiver  112  at the access point  110 . As an example, the primary RAT transceiver  152  at the access terminal  120  and the primary RAT transceiver  112  at the access point  110  may utilize a Long Term Evolution (LTE) based RAT or the like. The access terminal  120  and the hotspot subscriber  170  may communicate over a second wireless link  132  to provide a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) hotspot connection. This communication may be performed via the secondary RAT transceiver  154  at the access terminal  120  and a corresponding secondary RAT transceiver  174  at the hotspot subscriber  170 . As an example, the secondary RAT transceiver  154  at the access terminal  120  and the secondary RAT transceiver  174  at the hotspot subscriber  170  may utilize a Wi-Fi based RAT from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 protocol family of standards or the like. 
     The wireless link  130  used for the WWAN backhaul connection and the wireless link  132  used for the WLAN hotspot connection may operate over the same, shared communication medium  140 . A communication medium of this type may be composed of one or more frequency, time, and/or space communication resources (e.g., encompassing one or more channels across one or more carriers). As an example, the communication medium  140  may correspond to at least a portion of an unlicensed frequency band over which the access point  110  provides one or more Secondary Cells (SCells), which may be used to supplement Primary Cell (PCell) operation on a different frequency band. Although various licensed frequency bands have been reserved for certain WWAN communications (e.g., by a government entity such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States), the access point  110  may extend its operation into unlicensed frequency bands such as the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) and Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) bands used by WLAN technologies including Wi-Fi. 
     Due to the shared use of the communication medium  140 , there is the potential for cross-link interference between the wireless link  130  and the wireless link  132 . Further, some RATs and some jurisdictions may require contention or “Listen Before Talk (LBT)” for access to the communication medium  140 . As an example, a Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) protocol may be used in which each device verifies via medium sensing the absence of other traffic on a shared communication medium before seizing (and in some cases reserving) the communication medium for its own transmissions. In some designs, the CCA protocol may include distinct CCA Preamble Detection (CCA-PD) and CCA Energy Detection (CCA-ED) mechanisms for yielding the communication medium to intra-RAT and inter-RAT traffic, respectively. The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), for example, mandates contention for all devices regardless of their RAT on certain communication media such as unlicensed frequency bands. 
     As will be described in more detail below, the access terminal  120  may be variously configured in accordance with the teachings herein to provide or otherwise support the inter-RAT coordination procedures discussed briefly above. For example, the access terminal  120  may include an interworking controller  122 . The interworking controller  122  may be configured in different ways to manage the primary RAT transceiver  152  and the secondary RAT transceiver  154  to foster improved co-existence between the WWAN backhaul connection via the wireless link  130  and the WLAN hotspot connection via the wireless link  132 . 
       FIG. 2  is a timing diagram illustrating an example interaction between primary and secondary RAT operation. In this example, the secondary RAT transceiver  154  is configured to wake up for medium sensing of the communication medium  140  as well as other functions in accordance with a corresponding wakeup schedule  200 , shown by way of example as including three measurement (MXMT) periods  202 ,  204 , and  206  (e.g., for CCA measurements or the like). Meanwhile, the primary RAT transceiver  152  is configured to occupy the communication medium  140  for a given transmission opportunity (TXOP)  208  in accordance with a series of activation and deactivation commands, such as Activation/Deactivation Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Elements (CEs), Radio Resource Control (RRC) Reconfiguration messages, and so on. Upon receipt of an activation command from the access point  110 , the access terminal  120  enables operation of the primary RAT transceiver  152  on the communication medium  140 . Upon receipt of a deactivation command from the access point  110 , the access terminal  120  disables operation of the primary RAT transceiver  152  on the communication medium  140 . 
     As shown, the first and third secondary RAT measurement periods  202  and  206  may occur outside of the primary RAT TXOP  208 . The secondary RAT transceiver  154  may therefore perform medium sensing and seize the communication medium  140  without conflict from the primary RAT transceiver  152 . The second secondary RAT measurement period  204 , however, may occur during the primary RAT TXOP  208 . In this instance, the secondary RAT transceiver  154  may determine that the communication medium  140  is occupied and return to a sleep state. 
     Rather than initiate the second secondary RAT measurement period  204 , the interworking controller  122  may instead generate an activity indicator based on the activate operation of the primary RAT transceiver  152 . Based on the activity indicator, the interworking controller  122  may disable operation of the secondary RAT transceiver  154  during the second secondary RAT measurement period  204 . In this way, the interworking controller  122  may conserve power by skipping one or more measurements scheduled to be performed on the communication medium  140  during a known conflict in the wakeup schedule  200  with the primary RAT transceiver  152 . 
       FIG. 3  is a flow diagram illustrating an example inter-RAT coordination scheme that may be implemented by the interworking controller  122 . While the coordination is generally shown as being performed by the interworking controller  122 , it will be appreciated that similar or equivalent functionality may be performed directly by the primary RAT transceiver  152  and secondary RAT transceiver  154 , provided by other components such as the processor  162  and the memory  164  of the communication controller  160  or the like, and so on. It will also be appreciated that the disclosed techniques are not limited to access terminals per se, and may be in general performed by any wireless device that on the one hand receives information over a backhaul connection via one RAT, and on the other hand forwards such information over a hotspot connection via another RAT on the same communication medium. 
     As shown, the illustrated example begins with the primary RAT transceiver  152  being inactive and measurements at the secondary RAT transceiver  154  being enabled. In response to receipt of an activation command  302  from the access point  110 , the primary RAT transceiver  152  may generate and send a primary RAT active notification  304  to the interworking controller  122 . The primary RAT active notification  304  notifies the interworking controller  122  that primary RAT operation is now active on the communication medium  140 . 
     Based on the toggling of the active/inactive status of the primary RAT transceiver  152 , the interworking controller  122  may generate and send an activity indicator  306  to the secondary RAT transceiver  154 . The activity indicator  306  may be implemented in different ways. For example, the activity indicator  306  may include a message with a payload that directly indicates an active (e.g., ‘1’) or inactive (e.g., ‘0’) status. As another example, the activity indicator  306  may include a constant or some other predefined value whose presence and timing are sufficient to indicate that the active/inactive status has changed from the previous state. In either case, the activity indicator  306  indicates to the secondary RAT transceiver  154  in one manner or another that primary RAT operation is now active on the communication medium  140 . Based on this indication, one or more measurements otherwise scheduled to be performed by the secondary RAT transceiver  154  may be disabled to conserve power. 
     At some later point, the primary RAT transceiver  152  may receive a deactivation command  308  from the access point  110 . In response, the primary RAT transceiver  152  may generate and send a primary RAT inactive notification  310  to the interworking controller  122 . The primary RAT inactive notification  310  notifies the interworking controller  122  that primary RAT operation is now inactive on the communication medium  140 . 
     Based again on the toggling of the status of the primary RAT transceiver  152 , the interworking controller  122  may generate and send another activity indicator  312  to the secondary RAT transceiver  154 . The activity indicator  312  may also be implemented in different ways, as discussed above. In the illustrated example, the activity indicator  312  indicates to the secondary RAT transceiver  154  in one manner or another that primary RAT operation is now inactive on the communication medium  140 . Based on this indication, any measurements scheduled to be performed by the secondary RAT transceiver  154  may be re-enabled. 
       FIG. 4  is a timing diagram illustrating another example interaction between primary and secondary RAT operation. In this example, the secondary RAT transceiver  154  is again configured to wake up for medium sensing of the communication medium  140  as well as other functions in accordance with a corresponding wakeup schedule  400 , shown by way of example as including three measurement (MXMT) periods  402 ,  404 , and  406 . Meanwhile, the primary RAT transceiver  152  is configured to occupy the communication medium  140  for a given transmission opportunity (TXOP)  408  in accordance with a series of activation and deactivation commands, such as Activation/Deactivation MAC CEs, RRC Reconfiguration messages, and so on. Upon receipt of an activation command from the access point  110 , the access terminal  120  again enables operation of the primary RAT transceiver  152  on the communication medium  140 . Upon receipt of a deactivation command from the access point  110 , the access terminal  120  again disables operation of the primary RAT transceiver  152  on the communication medium  140 . 
     As shown, in this example each of the secondary RAT measurement periods  402 ,  404 , and  406  may occur during the primary RAT TXOP  408 . Thus, the secondary RAT transceiver  154  may determine that the communication medium  140  is occupied and return to a sleep state in several consecutive instances, which may significantly impact the latency of the WLAN hotspot connection via the wireless link  132 . 
     To promote timely access to the communication medium  140  by the secondary RAT transceiver  154 , the interworking controller  122  may monitor access of the secondary RAT transceiver  154  to the communication medium  140  and generate a priority indicator for the secondary RAT based thereon. For example, if the secondary RAT transceiver  154  is unsuccessful in securing access to the communication medium  140  after a substantial number of attempts or a substantial duration of time, the interworking controller  122  may prioritize secondary RAT communication over primary RAT communication. To this end, based on the priority indicator, the interworking controller  122  may coordinate the release of the WWAN backhaul connection via the wireless link  130 . 
       FIG. 5  is a flow diagram illustrating another example inter-RAT coordination scheme that may be implemented by the interworking controller  122 . While the coordination is again generally shown as being performed by the interworking controller  122 , it will be appreciated that similar or equivalent functionality may be performed directly by the primary RAT transceiver  152  and secondary RAT transceiver  154 , provided by other components such as the processor  162  and the memory  164  of the communication controller  160  or the like, and so on. It will also be appreciated that the disclosed techniques are not limited to access terminals per se, and may be in general performed by any wireless device that on the one hand receives information over a backhaul connection via one RAT, and on the other hand forwards such information over a hotspot connection via another RAT on the same communication medium. 
     As shown, the illustrated example begins with the primary RAT transceiver  152  receiving an activation command  502  from the access point  110 , then generating and sending a primary RAT active notification  504  to the interworking controller  122 . The primary RAT active notification  504  notifies the interworking controller  122  that primary RAT operation is now active on the communication medium  140 . 
     The interworking controller  122  may then monitor access of the secondary RAT transceiver  154  to the communication medium  140  (block  506 ) and determine whether to prioritize secondary RAT communication (decision  508 ). For example, the interworking controller  122  may receive activity notifications  510  from the secondary RAT transceiver  154 , such as the number of consecutive, unsuccessful access attempts (T attempts ) and/or the duration of time over which access has been unsuccessful (T duration ). If neither metric exceeds a corresponding threshold (‘no’ at decision  508 ), the interworking controller  122  may continue to monitor access of the secondary RAT transceiver  154  to the communication medium  140  (return to block  506 ). 
     If, however, either metric meets or exceeds the corresponding threshold (‘yes’ at decision  508 ), the interworking controller  122  may generate a priority indicator  512 . The priority indicator  512  notifies the primary RAT transceiver  152  that secondary RAT operation is now being prioritized. This prioritization may help to transmit any packets received over the WWAN backhaul connection via the wireless link  130  that are aging while awaiting transmission over the WLAN hotspot connection via the wireless link  132 . In general, it may be desirable to prioritize such a transmission rather than further accumulating packets over the WWAN backhaul connection via the wireless link  130 . 
     In some designs, each threshold may be adaptable based on network conditions or other factors. For example, each threshold may be set based, at least in part, on a Quality of Service (QoS) associated with the primary RAT transceiver  152 , the secondary RAT transceiver  154 , or both. When the QoS is high (e.g., real-time or near real-time), the number of attempts threshold and/or the duration threshold may be set to a relatively low value to meet the corresponding low latency requirements. Conversely, when the QoS is low (e.g., best effort), the number of attempts threshold and/or the duration threshold may be set to a relatively high value that allows for higher latency. 
     To effectuate the prioritization of secondary RAT operation, the primary RAT transceiver  152  may coordinate the release of the WWAN backhaul connection with the access point  110  via the wireless link  130  (block  514 ). The release may be coordinated in various ways, including indirectly using preexisting messaging, which may include sent or omitted signaling  516  to induce the release. For example, the primary RAT transceiver  152  may send to the access point  110  a channel quality report such as a Channel Quality Indication (CQI) indicating an artificially low quality for the WWAN backhaul connection via the wireless link  130 —i.e., a value lower than the actual value to make the connection appear weak. A relatively low quality may induce the access point  110  to send a deactivation command  518  and thereby free the communication medium  140  for the secondary RAT transceiver  154 . As another example, the primary RAT transceiver  152  may refrain from sending to the access point  110  one or more acknowledgement (ACK) messages for any downlink packets received over the WWAN backhaul connection via the wireless link  130 . Absence of ACK messages may lead to a shrinking Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) window size and again induce the access point  110  to send the deactivation command  518 , thereby freeing the communication medium  140  for the secondary RAT transceiver  154 . 
       FIG. 6  is a flow diagram illustrating an example method of communication in accordance with the techniques described above. The method  600  may be performed, for example, by an access terminal (e.g., the access terminal  120  illustrated in  FIG. 1 ) or in general any device operating on a shared communication medium. As an example, the communication medium may include one or more time, frequency, or space resources on an unlicensed radio frequency band shared between LTE technology and Wi-Fi technology devices. 
     As shown, the access terminal may receive, over a backhaul connection and via a first RAT, an activation command configuring the first RAT for active operation on a shared communication medium (block  602 ). The access terminal may generate an activity indicator based on the active operation of the first RAT (block  604 ). The access terminal may then disable, based on the activity indicator, one or more measurements scheduled to be performed on the communication medium in accordance with a second RAT and a corresponding wakeup schedule (block  606 ). 
     As discussed in more detail above, the access terminal may in general receive information over the backhaul connection via the first RAT and forward the information over a hotspot connection via the second RAT. As an example, the activation command or the deactivation command may include a MAC CE. 
     The generating (block  604 ) may include, for example, generating the activity indicator in response to operation of the first RAT toggling from inactive to active or from active to inactive. The activity indicator may include a direct indication of whether operation of the first RAT is active or inactive, or otherwise indicate that operation of the first RAT has changed. 
     The disabling (block  606 ) may include disabling the one or more measurements in response to the activity indicator indicating active operation of the first RAT and the wakeup schedule scheduling the one or more measurements during the active operation of the first RAT. 
     The access terminal may also receive, over the backhaul connection and via the first RAT, a deactivation command configuring the first RAT for inactive operation on the shared communication medium (optional block  608 ). The access terminal may then generate another activity indicator based on the inactive operation of the first RAT (optional block  610 ) and re-enable, based on the other activity indicator, one or more measurements scheduled to be performed on the communication medium in accordance with the second RAT and the corresponding wakeup schedule (optional block  612 ). 
       FIG. 7  is a flow diagram illustrating another example method of communication in accordance with the techniques described above. The method  700  may be performed, for example, by an access terminal (e.g., the access terminal  120  illustrated in  FIG. 1 ) or in general any device operating on a shared communication medium. As an example, the communication medium may include one or more time, frequency, or space resources on an unlicensed radio frequency band shared between LTE technology and Wi-Fi technology devices. 
     As shown, the access terminal may monitor access of a first RAT to a shared communication medium (block  702 ). The access terminal may generate a priority indicator for the first RAT based on the monitored access (block  704 ). The access terminal may then coordinate, based on the priority indicator, release of a backhaul connection on the communication medium that is associated with a second RAT (block  706 ). 
     As discussed in more detail above, the monitoring (block  702 ) may include, for example, determining a number of consecutive, unsuccessful access attempts by the first RAT, and the generating (block  704 ) may include, for example, generating the priority indicator in response to the number of access attempts meeting or exceeding a threshold. The access terminal may set the threshold based on a QoS associated with the first RAT or the second RAT or other criteria. 
     The monitoring (block  702 ) may also include, as another example, determining a duration of time associated with unsuccessful access attempts by the first RAT, and the generating (block  704 ) may also include, as another example, generating the priority indicator in response to the duration meeting or exceeding a threshold. The access terminal may set the threshold based on a Quality of Service (QoS) associated with the first RAT or the second RAT or other criteria. 
     The coordinating (block  706 ) may include, for example, reporting an artificially low channel quality to an access point providing the backhaul connection associated with the second RAT. 
     The access terminal may also receive, over the backhaul connection associated with the second RAT, a deactivation command configuring the second RAT for inactive operation on the shared communication medium (optional block  708 ). 
       FIG. 8  illustrates an example apparatus for implementing the interworking controller  122  represented as a series of interrelated functional modules. In the illustrated example, the apparatus  800  includes a module for receiving  802 , a module for generating  804 , a module for disabling  806 , an (optional) module for receiving  808 , an (optional) module for generating  810 , and an (optional) module for re-enabling  812 . 
     The module for receiving  802  may be configured to receive, over a backhaul connection and via a first RAT, an activation command configuring the first RAT for active operation on a shared communication medium. The module for generating  804  may be configured to generate an activity indicator based on the active operation of the first RAT. The module for disabling  806  may be configured to disable, based on the activity indicator, one or more measurements scheduled to be performed on the communication medium in accordance with a second RAT and a corresponding wakeup schedule. 
     The (optional) module for receiving  808  may be configured to receive, over the backhaul connection and via the first RAT, a deactivation command configuring the first RAT for inactive operation on the shared communication medium. The (optional) module for generating  810  may be configured to generate another activity indicator based on the inactive operation of the first RAT. The (optional) module for re-enabling  812  may be configured to re-enable, based on the other activity indicator, one or more measurements scheduled to be performed on the communication medium in accordance with the second RAT and the corresponding wakeup schedule. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates another example apparatus for implementing the interworking controller  122  represented as a series of interrelated functional modules. In the illustrated example, the apparatus  900  includes a module for monitoring  902 , a module for generating  904 , a module for coordinating  906 , and an (optional) module for receiving  908 . 
     The module for monitoring  902  may be configured to monitor access of a first RAT to a shared communication medium. The module for generating  904  may be configured to generate a priority indicator for the first RAT based on the monitored access. The module for coordinating  906  may be configured to coordinate, based on the priority indicator, release of a backhaul connection on the communication medium that is associated with a second RAT. The (optional) module for receiving  908  may be configured to receive, over the backhaul connection associated with the second RAT, a deactivation command configuring the second RAT for inactive operation on the shared communication medium. 
     The functionality of the modules of  FIGS. 8-9  may be implemented in various ways consistent with the teachings herein. In some designs, the functionality of these modules may be implemented as one or more electrical components. In some designs, the functionality of these blocks may be implemented as a processing system including one or more processor components. In some designs, the functionality of these modules may be implemented using, for example, at least a portion of one or more integrated circuits (e.g., an ASIC). As discussed herein, an integrated circuit may include a processor, software, other related components, or some combination thereof. Thus, the functionality of different modules may be implemented, for example, as different subsets of an integrated circuit, as different subsets of a set of software modules, or a combination thereof. Also, it will be appreciated that a given subset (e.g., of an integrated circuit and/or of a set of software modules) may provide at least a portion of the functionality for more than one module. 
     In addition, the components and functions represented by  FIGS. 8-9 , as well as other components and functions described herein, may be implemented using any suitable means. Such means also may be implemented, at least in part, using corresponding structure as taught herein. For example, the components described above in conjunction with the “module for” components of  FIGS. 8-9  also may correspond to similarly designated “means for” functionality. Thus, in some aspects one or more of such means may be implemented using one or more of processor components, integrated circuits, or other suitable structure as taught herein, including as an algorithm. One skilled in the art will recognize in this disclosure an algorithm represented in the prose described above, as well as in sequences of actions that may be represented by pseudocode. For example, the components and functions represented by  FIGS. 8-9  may include code for performing a LOAD operation, a COMPARE operation, a RETURN operation, an IF-THEN-ELSE loop, and so on. 
     It should be understood that any reference to an element herein using a designation such as “first,” “second,” and so forth does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. Rather, these designations may be used herein as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements or instances of an element. Thus, a reference to first and second elements does not mean that only two elements may be employed there or that the first element must precede the second element in some manner. Also, unless stated otherwise a set of elements may comprise one or more elements. In addition, terminology of the form “at least one of A, B, or C” or “one or more of A, B, or C” or “at least one of the group consisting of A, B, and C” used in the description or the claims means “A or B or C or any combination of these elements.” For example, this terminology may include A, or B, or C, or A and B, or A and C, or A and B and C, or  2 A, or  2 B, or  2 C, and so on. 
     In view of the descriptions and explanations above, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure. 
     Accordingly, it will be appreciated, for example, that an apparatus or any component of an apparatus may be configured to (or made operable to or adapted to) provide functionality as taught herein. This may be achieved, for example: by manufacturing (e.g., fabricating) the apparatus or component so that it will provide the functionality; by programming the apparatus or component so that it will provide the functionality; or through the use of some other suitable implementation technique. As one example, an integrated circuit may be fabricated to provide the requisite functionality. As another example, an integrated circuit may be fabricated to support the requisite functionality and then configured (e.g., via programming) to provide the requisite functionality. As yet another example, a processor circuit may execute code to provide the requisite functionality. 
     Moreover, the methods, sequences, and/or algorithms described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in Random-Access Memory (RAM), flash memory, Read-only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable Read-only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-only Memory (EEPROM), registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art, transitory or non-transitory. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor (e.g., cache memory). 
     Accordingly, it will also be appreciated, for example, that certain aspects of the disclosure can include a transitory or non-transitory computer-readable medium embodying a method for communication. 
     While the foregoing disclosure shows various illustrative aspects, it should be noted that various changes and modifications may be made to the illustrated examples without departing from the scope defined by the appended claims. The present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specifically illustrated examples alone. For example, unless otherwise noted, the functions, steps, and/or actions of the method claims in accordance with the aspects of the disclosure described herein need not be performed in any particular order. Furthermore, although certain aspects may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitation to the singular is explicitly stated.