Patent Publication Number: US-2021178055-A1

Title: Modular power and connectivity system for infusion devices

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/949,305 entitled “MODULAR POWER AND CONNECTIVITY SYSTEM FOR INFUSION DEVICES,” filed on Dec. 17, 2019, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure generally relates to power and connectivity for devices, and in particular a modular system for power and connectivity of infusion devices. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Infusion devices are used in the medical field for intravenous (IV) applications. Typical infusion devices require independent power and connectivity to provide the desired infusion outcome. Typical infusion systems require a physical connection of each infusion device to existing infrastructure and/or require each device to include its own power source and connectivity hardware, thus causing increased costs and/or creating undesirable tradeoffs in infusion workflow. For example, typical infusion devices follow an “all in one” approach in which all aspects (e.g., power, connectivity) of the infusion device are contained within the device. However, infusion set devices (e.g., IV line components) are generally disposable single-use devices, making the disposal of high cost components undesirable. 
     Thus, it is desirable to provide a non-disposable modular power and connectivity assembly for disposable infusion devices. 
     SUMMARY 
     One or more embodiments provide a modular power and connectivity assembly. The modular power and connectivity assembly includes a housing comprising a cavity configured to receive a device coupling member, a power assembly configured to provide power to the infusion device, and a communication assembly configured to provide communication with the infusion device. The modular power and connectivity assembly is configured to be reusable and to be removably coupled to the infusion device 
     One or more embodiments provide a power and connectivity system. The power and connectivity system includes one or more reusable modular power and connectivity assemblies. Each reusable modular power and connectivity assembly includes a housing having a cavity configured to receive a device coupling member, a power assembly configured to provide power to the infusion device, and a communication assembly configured to provide communication with the infusion device. Each modular power and connectivity assembly is configured to be removably coupled to an infusion device. The power and connectivity system also includes a connectivity hub configured to transmit electronic signals to and receive electronic signals from the one or more reusable modular power and connectivity assemblies. 
     One or more embodiments provide a method of of operating a modular power and connectivity system. The method includes removably coupling the modular power and connectivity assembly to an infusion device; transmitting power from the modular power and connectivity assembly to the infusion device; providing a communication link between the modular power and connectivity assembly and the infusion device; transmitting data from the infusion device to the modular power and connectivity assembly; transmitting at least a portion of the data from the modular power and connectivity assembly to a connectivity hub; and transmitting the portion of the data from the connectivity hub to a cloud interface of a healthcare network. 
     The foregoing and other features, aspects and advantages of the disclosed embodiments will become more apparent from the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 1  depicts a schematic view of an example infusion set with a typical infusion device. 
         FIG. 2  depicts a perspective view of a modular power and connectivity assembly, according to aspects of the subject technology. 
         FIG. 3  depicts a perspective view of a modular power and connectivity assembly, according to aspects of the subject technology. 
         FIG. 4  depicts a perspective view of a charging station, according to aspects of the subject technology. 
         FIG. 5  depicts an example of a healthcare organization network, according to aspects of the subject technology. 
         FIG. 6  depicts an example of a modular power and connectivity assembly in communication with a user device having an example graphical user interface, in accordance with aspects of the subject technology. 
         FIG. 7  depicts an example of an institutional patient care system of a healthcare organization, according to aspects of the subject technology. 
         FIG. 8  is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example electronic system for communication with and control of a modular power and connectivity assembly, according to aspects of the subject technology. 
         FIG. 9  depicts a method of operating a modular power and connectivity system. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The detailed description set forth below describes various configurations of the subject technology and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the subject technology may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of the subject technology. Accordingly, dimensions are provided in regard to certain aspects as non-limiting examples. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the subject technology may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the subject technology. 
     It is to be understood that the present disclosure includes examples of the subject technology and does not limit the scope of the appended claims. Various aspects of the subject technology will now be disclosed according to particular but non-limiting examples. Various embodiments described in the present disclosure may be carried out in different ways and variations, and in accordance with a desired application or implementation. 
     The subject technology provides a modular approach with independent power and connectivity. For example, a non-disposable, rechargeable power supply that enables functionality of a disposable peripheral infusion device (e.g., sensors, pumping elements). The modular design provides for a lower total device cost, a lower environmental impact from disposal of electronics, prevents misconnections of devices, and prevents cyber security risks via a proprietary interface. The modular approach further lowers the cost burden for consumers by separating high-cost non-disposable componentry (e.g., battery, communications interface) from low-cost disposable componentry (e.g., sensor, pumping element). 
     The present disclosure relates to an infusion device assembly such as a non-disposable modular power and connectivity assembly for infusion devices. The modular power and connectivity assembly may provide power and connectivity to any desired infusion device (e.g., sensor, pump). Typically, a standard infusion set  10  is used to infuse fluid to a subject. An example of a standard infusion set  10  is shown in  FIG. 1 . 
     The infusion set  10  includes a piercing spike  20  which may either be a sharp spike for piercing rubber stoppers or rounded and blunt for insertion into a bag (not shown). The spike  20  contains one channel for fluid and optionally a second channel for venting. A vent  21  is usually present in the vicinity of the piercing spike  20  to allow air to flow into the drop chamber  22 . The vent  21  may be provided with a bacterial filter to prevent bacteria from entering the equipment. 
     The drop chamber  22  has a drop generator  23  at the top of the drop chamber  22  that produces drops of a certain size. Drops from the drop generator  23  fall into the drop chamber  22  such that the drop chamber  22  is partially filled with liquid. This prevents air bubbles from entering the connector tube  24 , which would be harmful to a patient. A particle filter (not shown) may be provided at the lower aperture of the drop chamber  22 . 
     The connector tube  24  connects the drop chamber  22  with the patient. The connector tube  24  is usually around 150 cm long and can be manufactured from PVC. The tube  24  is shown shortened in  FIG. 1  for clarity. The connector tube  24  typically has a continuous diameter throughout the length of the tube  24 . 
     At the end of the connector tube  24  is a Luer fitting  25  which is standardized for connection to all other pieces of apparatus having a standard Luer cone. The person skilled in the art will appreciate that the Luer fitting  25  can be fitted to an infusion pump or a hypodermic needle (not shown) for infusing the medical fluid into the circulatory system of a patient (e.g., into a vein). 
     Between the drop chamber  22  and the Luer fitting  25  and engaging with the connector tube  24 , is a roller clamp  26  for controlling a flow rate of fluid through the connector tube  24 . Also between the drop chamber  22  and the Luer fitting  25  and engaging with the connector tube  24 , is an infusion device  28  (e.g., pressure sensor). The infusion device  28  typically requires a connection to a hardwired power source, such as a power cable/wire connection between the infusion device  28  and an electrical outlet, for example. Communications to/from the infusion device  28  typically requires a connection to a hardware communication device, such as a communication cable/wire connection between the infusion device  28  and a router, for example. 
     With reference to  FIG. 2 , a modular power and connectivity assembly  100  for infusion devices is shown. The modular power and connectivity assembly  100  has a housing  105  dimensioned and configured to receive an infusion device  110  (e.g., sensor device, pump device). For example, the infusion device  110  may be a sensor for sensing pressure of a fluid flowing through the tube  24 . The housing  105  may also be dimensioned and configured to receive tubing, such as connector tube  24 . For example, housing  105  may include a tube recess  107  sized and configured to receive the tube  24 , which may assist in keeping the tube  24  coupled to the infusion device  110 , help prevent kinking or displacement of the tube  24 , and/or assist in coupling the infusion device  110  to the modular power and connectivity assembly  100 . 
     The modular power and connectivity assembly  100  may be configured as a non-disposable device that may be repeatedly used to provide power and/or communications for multiple disposable infusion sets  10  and/or disposable infusion devices  110 . For example, the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  may be used to provide power and communications to a first disposable infusion device  110 , after which the first disposable infusion device  110  is thrown away and modular power and connectivity assembly  100  may be used to provide power and communications to a second disposable infusion device  110 . The second disposable infusion device  110  may be used with the same infusion set that the first disposable infusion device  110  was used with, such as replacing a first pressure sensor with a second pressure sensor if the first pressure sensor goes bad or if a different type of pressure sensor is needed during an infusion process using the infusion set. In another example, the second disposable infusion device  110  may be used with a different infusion set, such as with the same patient in a different infusion process or with a new patient. 
     In use, an infusion device  110  may be on or attached to an infusion line, such as tube  24 . For example,  FIG. 2  shows an infusion device  110  with a fluid inlet  112  coupled to a first tube  24   a  and a fluid outlet  114  coupled to a second tube  24   b . Here, fluid may flow in from the first tube  24   a , through the infusion device  110  (e.g., pressure sensor, pump element) and out through the second tube  24   b , so that the infusion device  110  may observe or monitor aspects of the fluid (e.g., fluid pressure, fluid color, presence of gas bubbles) as the fluid passes through, and/or act upon the fluid (e.g., pump the fluid, filter the fluid, mix a gas/other fluid into the fluid). 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  is removably coupled to the infusion device  110 . The housing  105  may include a receiving cavity or cutout  109  that is sized and dimensioned to receive the infusion device  110 . The housing  105  and the infusion device  110  may be coupled in any desired manner. For example, the housing  105  and the infusion device  110  may have magnetic elements that are attracted to each other. In another example, the receiving cavity  109  may include one or more engagement members (e.g., snap, socket, pin, Velcro, tab) configured to engage with opposing engagement members on the infusion device  110 . Thus, the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  may be easily connected to or disconnected from the infusion device  110 , either prior to or after the infusion device  110  and the tube  24  are connected. 
     The coupling between the housing  105  and the infusion device  110  may include a power connection (e.g., pin, cable) configured to provide power from the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  to the infusion device  110  upon physical coupling of the connectivity assembly  100  to the infusion device  110 . The power connection may be configured as a wireless power transmission, where the housing  105  may have a wireless power transmitter and the infusion device  110  may have a wireless power receiver. Accordingly, the infusion device  110  may not require a physical connection to the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  as power may be transmitted to the infusion device  110  when the infusion device  110  is within proximity to the modular power and connectivity assembly  100 . 
     Similarly, the coupling between the housing  105  and the infusion device  110  may include a communication connection (e.g., pin, cable) configured to provide communications between the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  and the infusion device  110  upon physical coupling of the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  to the infusion device  110 . The communication connection may be configured as a wireless communication transmission (e.g., Bluetooth, WiFi, Zigbee) where the housing  105  and the infusion device  110  may each have a wireless communication component (e.g., transmitter, receiver, transceiver). Accordingly, the infusion device  110  may not require a physical connection to the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  as communications may be transmitted and received when the infusion device  110  is within proximity to the modular power and connectivity assembly  100 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  may include a harness assembly  120 . The harness assembly  120  may include a base  122  and an extension member  124 . Here, the infusion device  110  may be coupled to the base  122  (e.g., pins, magnets) and the extension member  124  may couple the base  122  to the housing  105 . The extension member  124  may include power and/or communication wires to provide power and/or communications transmission between the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  and the base  122 . The base  122  may be configured to provide power to and/or communications to/from the infusion device  110  as discussed above (e.g., physical or wireless transmission). In another example, the extension member  124  may not provide physical power/communication connections (e.g., formed of a non-conductive material) and power/communications may be transmitted wirelessly between the housing  105  and the base  122 , and further transmitted between the base  122  and the infusion device  110 . In yet another example, power/communications may be transmitted wirelessly directly between the housing  105  and the infusion device  110 . 
     The modular power and connectivity assembly  100  may be configured to use the harness assembly  120  if the infusion device  110  is not sized to fit within the cavity  109 , such as if the infusion device  110  is larger than the cavity  109  or the infusion device  110  requires connections to other tubes and/or devices. As another example, the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  may be configured to use the harness assembly  120  in most or all operations, such as even if the infusion device  110  is sized to fit within the cavity  109 . The harness assembly  120  may be configured to removably connect to a modular power and connectivity assembly  100 , so that modular power and connectivity assembly  100  may be used in any configuration discussed above. As another example, the harness assembly  120  may be integrally formed with the housing  105 . 
     The housing  105  may also include indicators  103  (e.g., LED lights) configured to provide visual indications of power levels in the modular power and connectivity assembly  100 . For example, the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  may include one or more rechargeable batteries (e.g., lithium ion) disposed within the housing  105 . The indicators  103  may be configured to provide visual indication of the power left in the batteries. Indicators  103  may also be configured to provide visual indication of a communication link between the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  and the infusion device  110 , for example. 
     As depicted in  FIG. 4 , the subject technology may also include a charging station  150  configured to provide power for recharging one or more modular power and connectivity assemblies  100 . For example, the charging station  150  may have a base  152  and receiving slots  154 , where a modular power and connectivity assembly  100  may be inserted into a receiving slot  154 . Power may be transmitted from the charging station  150  to the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  directly through a physical connection (e.g., pins, lands) between a portion of the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  and the base  152 . Power may be transmitted from the charging station  150  to the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  indirectly via a wireless power connection. 
     The charging station  150  may be hardwired into a power source (e.g., building electrical wiring) such that the charging station  150  is generally permanently positioned in a particular location. The charging station  150  may be configured as a portable unit by including an electrical plug for plugging into an electrical outlet and/or a portable battery (e.g., rechargeable battery). 
     As depicted in  FIG. 5 , the subject technology may also include a connectivity hub  200  configured to interconnect communications and/or control between modular power and connectivity assemblies  100  coupled to infusion devices  110  and a cloud interface  250  of an institutional patient care system of a healthcare organization having user devices  260 . For example, the connectivity hub  200  may be configured to send/receive information between the modular power and connectivity assemblies  100  and the patient care system, providing for mobile control of the infusion devices  110  coupled to the modular power and connectivity assemblies  100 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , a modular power and connectivity assembly  100  may transmit information from the infusion device  110  (e.g., sensor information) through the connectivity hub  200  to the cloud interface  250  to a particular user device  260  (e.g., healthcare provider&#39;s smartphone). Thus, a healthcare provider may monitor an infusion process of a subject remotely. As another example, the information flow may be reversed, where the healthcare provider may enter an adjustment (e.g., change pump rate) on the user device  260 , which is then transmitted from the cloud interface  250  to the connectivity hub  200  to the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  to an infusion device  110  (e.g., pump element). Thus, a healthcare provider may control an infusion process of a subject remotely. In one or more aspects of the subject technology, Bluetooth connectivity may be provided between the modular power and connectivity assemblies  100  and the connectivity hub  200 , WiFi connectivity may be provided between the connectivity hub  200  and the cloud interface  250  and a mobile interface  270  may provide information connectivity between the cloud interface  250  and the user device  260 . 
       FIG. 7  depicts an example of an institutional patient care system  300  of a healthcare organization, according to aspects of the subject technology. In  FIG. 7 , a patient care device (or “medical device” generally)  312  is connected to a healthcare facility network  310 . The term patient care device (or “PCD”) may be used interchangeably with the term patient care unit (or “PCU”), either which may include various ancillary medical devices such as an infusion pump, a vital signs monitor, a medication dispensing device (e.g., cabinet, tote), a medication preparation device, an automated dispensing device, a module coupled with one of the aforementioned (e.g., a syringe pump module configured to attach to an infusion pump), or other similar devices. Each medical device  312  is connected to an internal healthcare network  310  by a transmission channel  331 . Transmission channel  331  is any wired or wireless transmission channel, for example an 802.11 wireless local area network (LAN). In some implementations, network  310  also includes computer systems located in various departments throughout a healthcare facility. For example, network  310  of  FIG. 7  optionally includes computer systems associated with an admissions department, a billing department, a biomedical engineering department, a clinical laboratory, a central supply department, one or more unit station computers and/or a medical decision support system. As described further below, network  310  may include discrete subnetworks. In the depicted example, network  310  includes a device network  340  by which patient care devices  312  (and other devices) communicate in accordance with normal operations. 
     Additionally, institutional patient care system  300  may incorporate a separate information system server  330 , the function of which will be described in more detail below. Moreover, although the information system server  330  is shown as a separate server, the functions and programming of the information system server  330  may be incorporated into another computer, if such is desired by engineers designing the institution&#39;s information system. Institutional patient care system  300  may further include one or multiple device terminals  332  for connecting and communicating with information system server  330 . Device terminals  332  may include personal computers, personal data assistances, mobile devices such as laptops, tablet computers, augmented reality devices, or smartphones, configured with software for communications with information system server  330  via network  310 . 
     Patient care device  312  comprises a system for providing patient care, such as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,713,856 to Eggers et al., which is incorporated herein by reference for that purpose. Patient care device  312  may include or incorporate pumps, physiological monitors (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, ECG, EEG, pulse oximeter, and other patient monitors), therapy devices, and other drug delivery devices may be utilized according to the teachings set forth herein. In the depicted example, patient care device  312  comprises a control module or unit  314 , also referred to as interface unit  314 , connected to one or more functional modules  316 ,  318 ,  320 ,  322 . Interface unit  314  includes a central processing unit (CPU)  350  connected to a memory, for example, random access memory (RAM)  358 , and one or more interface devices such as user interface device  354 , a coded data input device  360 , a network connection  352 , and an auxiliary interface  362  for communicating with additional modules or devices. Interface unit  314  also, although not necessarily, includes a main non-volatile storage unit  356 , such as a hard disk drive or non-volatile flash memory, for storing software and data and one or more internal buses  364  for interconnecting the aforementioned elements. 
     In various implementations, user interface device  354  is a touch screen for displaying information to a user and allowing a user to input information by touching defined areas of the screen. Additionally or in the alternative, user interface device  354  could include any means for displaying and inputting information, such as a monitor, a printer, a keyboard, softkeys, a mouse, a track ball and/or a light pen. Data input device  360  may be a bar code reader capable of scanning and interpreting data printed in bar coded format. Additionally or in the alternative, data input device  360  can be any device for entering coded data into a computer, such as a device(s) for reading a magnetic strips, radio-frequency identification (RFID) devices whereby digital data encoded in RFID tags or smart labels (defined below) are captured by the reader  360  via radio waves, PCMCIA smart cards, radio frequency cards, memory sticks, CDs, DVDs, or any other analog or digital storage media. Other examples of data input device  60  include a voice activation or recognition device or a portable personal data assistant (PDA). Depending upon the types of interface devices used, user interface device  354  and data input device  360  may be the same device. 
     Although data input device  360  is shown in  FIG. 7  to be disposed within interface unit  314 , it is recognized that data input device  360  may be integral within pharmacy system  334  or located externally and communicating with pharmacy system  334  through an RS-232 serial interface or any other appropriate communication means. Auxiliary interface  362  may be an RS-232 communications interface, however any other means for communicating with a peripheral device such as a printer, patient monitor, infusion pump or other medical device may be used without departing from the subject technology. Additionally, data input device  360  may be a separate functional module, such as modules  316 ,  318 ,  320  and  322 , and configured to communicate with control unit  314 , or any other system on the network, using suitable programming and communication protocols. 
     Network connection  352  may be a wired or wireless connection, such as by Ethernet, WiFi, BLUETOOTH, an integrated services digital network (ISDN) connection, a digital subscriber line (DSL) modem or a cable modem. Any direct or indirect network connection may be used, including, but not limited to a telephone modem, an MIB system, an RS232 interface, an auxiliary interface, an optical link, an infrared link, a radio frequency link, a microwave link or a WLANS connection or other wireless connection. 
     Functional modules  316 ,  318 ,  320 ,  322  are any devices for providing care to a patient or for monitoring patient condition. As shown in  FIG. 7 , at least one of functional modules  316 ,  318 ,  320 ,  322  may be an infusion pump module such as an intravenous infusion pump for delivering medication or other fluid to a patient. For the purposes of this discussion, functional module  16  is an infusion pump module. Each of functional modules  318 ,  320 ,  322  may be any patient treatment or monitoring device including, but not limited to, an infusion pump, a syringe pump, a PCA pump, an epidural pump, an enteral pump, a blood pressure monitor, a pulse oximeter, an EKG monitor, an EEG monitor, a heart rate monitor or an intracranial pressure monitor or the like. Functional module  318 ,  320  and/or  322  may be a printer, scanner, bar code reader or any other peripheral input, output or input/output device. 
     Each functional module  316 ,  318 ,  320 ,  322  communicates directly or indirectly with interface unit  314 , with interface unit  314  providing overall monitoring and control of device  312 . Functional modules  316 ,  318 ,  320 ,  322  may be connected physically and electronically in serial fashion to one or both ends of interface unit  314  as shown in  FIG. 7 , or as detailed in Eggers et al. However, it is recognized that there are other means for connecting functional modules with the interface unit that may be utilized without departing from the subject technology. It will also be appreciated that devices such as pumps or patient monitoring devices that provide sufficient programmability and connectivity may be capable of operating as stand-alone devices and may communicate directly with the network without connected through a separate interface unit or control unit  314 . As described above, additional medical devices or peripheral devices may be connected to patient care device  312  through one or more auxiliary interfaces  362 . 
     Each functional module  316 ,  318 ,  320 ,  322  may include module-specific components  376 , a microprocessor  370 , a volatile memory  372  and a nonvolatile memory  374  for storing information. It should be noted that while four functional modules are shown in  FIG. 7 , any number of devices may be connected directly or indirectly to central control unit  314 . The number and type of functional modules described herein are intended to be illustrative, and in no way limit the scope of the subject technology. Module-specific components  376  include any components necessary for operation of a particular module, such as a pumping mechanism for infusion pump module  316 . 
     While each functional module may be capable of a least some level of independent operation, interface unit  314  monitors and controls overall operation of device  312 . For example, as will be described in more detail below, interface unit  314  provides programming instructions to the functional modules  316 ,  318 ,  320 ,  322  and monitors the status of each module. 
     Patient care device  312  is capable of operating in several different modes, or personalities, with each personality defined by a configuration database. The configuration database may be a database on storage unit  356  internal to patient care device  312 , or an external database  337 . A particular configuration database is selected based, at least in part, by patient-specific information such as device or patient location, age, physical characteristics, or medical characteristics. Medical characteristics include, but are not limited to, patient diagnosis, treatment prescription, medical history, medical records, patient care provider identification, physiological characteristics or psychological characteristics. As used herein, patient-specific information also includes care provider information (e.g., physician identification) or a patient care device&#39;s  260  location in the hospital or hospital computer network. Patient care information may be entered through network connection  352  or any of input/interface devices  354 ,  360  or  362 , and may originate from anywhere in network  310 , such as, for example, from a pharmacy server, admissions server, laboratory server, and the like. 
     Medical devices incorporating aspects of the subject technology may be equipped with a Network Interface Module (NIM), allowing the medical device to participate as a node in a network. While for purposes of clarity the subject technology will be described as operating in an Ethernet network environment using the Internet Protocol (IP), it is understood that concepts of the subject technology are equally applicable in other network environments, and such environments are intended to be within the scope of the subject technology. 
     Data to and from the various data sources can be converted into network-compatible data with existing technology, and movement of the information between the medical device and network can be accomplished by a variety of means. For example, patient care device  312  and network  310  may communicate via automated interaction, manual interaction or a combination of both automated and manual interaction. Automated interaction may be continuous or intermittent and may occur through direct network connection  354  (as shown in  FIG. 7 ), or through RS232 links, MIB systems, RF links such as BLUETOOTH, IR links, WLANS, digital cable systems, telephone modems or other wired or wireless communication means. Manual interaction between patient care device  312  and network  310  involves physically transferring, intermittently or periodically, data between systems using, for example, user interface device  354 , coded data input device  360 , bar codes, computer disks, portable data assistants, memory cards, or any other media for storing data. The communication means in various aspects is bidirectional with access to data from as many points of the distributed data sources as possible. Decision-making can occur at a variety of places within network  310 . For example, and not by way of limitation, decisions can be made in HIS server  330 , decision support  348 , remote data server  349 , hospital department or unit stations  346 , or within patient care device  312  itself. 
     All direct communications with medical devices operating on a network in accordance with the subject technology may be performed through information system server  30 , known as the remote data server (RDS). In accordance with aspects of the subject technology, network interface modules incorporated into medical devices such as, for example, infusion pumps or vital signs measurement devices, ignore all network traffic that does not originate from an authenticated RDS. The primary responsibilities of the RDS of the subject technology are to track the location and status of all networked medical devices that have NIMs, and maintain open communication. 
     A medical device including one or more of the features described may be implemented as an ambulatory medical device. Ambulatory medical devices generally refer to devices designed to be portable to support administration of medication during transportation of a patient or remote medication administration (e.g., outside of a health care facility such as in a user&#39;s home). U.S. Pat. No. 7,163,381 to Barak describes a pump that may be suitable for ambulatory care and modified to assist in providing safe administration during mobility events. The disclosure of U.S. Pat. No. 7,163,381 is incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
       FIG. 8  is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example electronic system  400  for powering, communicating, monitoring and controlling of a medical device (e.g., infusion device  110 ), according to aspects of the subject technology. Electronic system  400  may be a computing device for execution of software associated with one or more components and processes provided by  FIGS. 1-7 , including but not limited to information system server  330 , device terminal  332 , computing hardware within patient care device  312 , or external database  337 . Electronic system  400  may be representative, in combination with the disclosure regarding  FIGS. 1-7 . In this regard, electronic system  400  may be a personal computer or a mobile device such as a smartphone, tablet computer, laptop, PDA, an augmented reality device, a wearable such as a watch or band or glasses, or combination thereof, or other touch screen or television with one or more processors embedded therein or coupled thereto, or any other sort of computer-related electronic device having network connectivity. 
     Electronic system  400  may include various types of computer readable media and interfaces for various other types of computer readable media. In the depicted example, electronic system  400  includes a bus  408 , processing unit(s)  412 , a system memory  404 , a read-only memory (ROM)  410 , a permanent storage device  402 , an input device interface  414 , an output device interface  406 , and one or more network interfaces  416 . In some implementations, electronic system  400  may include or be integrated with other computing devices or circuitry for operation of the various components and processes previously described. 
     Bus  408  collectively represents all system, peripheral, and chipset buses that communicatively connect the numerous internal devices of electronic system  400 . For instance, bus  408  communicatively connects processing unit(s)  412  with ROM  410 , system memory  404 , and permanent storage device  402 . 
     From these various memory units, processing unit(s)  412  retrieves instructions to execute and data to process in order to execute the processes of the subject disclosure. The processing unit(s) can be a single processor or a multi-core processor in different implementations. 
     ROM  410  stores static data and instructions that are needed by processing unit(s)  412  and other modules of the electronic system. Permanent storage device  402 , on the other hand, is a read-and-write memory device. This device is a non-volatile memory unit that stores instructions and data even when electronic system  400  is off. Some implementations of the subject disclosure use a mass-storage device (such as a magnetic or optical disk and its corresponding disk drive) as permanent storage device  402 . 
     Other implementations use a removable storage device (such as a floppy disk, flash drive, and its corresponding disk drive) as permanent storage device  402 . Like permanent storage device  402 , system memory  404  is a read-and-write memory device. However, unlike storage device  402 , system memory  404  is a volatile read-and-write memory, such a random access memory. System memory  404  stores some of the instructions and data that the processor needs at runtime. In some implementations, the processes of the subject disclosure are stored in system memory  404 , permanent storage device  402 , and/or ROM  410 . From these various memory units, processing unit(s)  412  retrieves instructions to execute and data to process in order to execute the processes of some implementations. 
     Bus  408  also connects to input and output device interfaces  414  and  406 . Input device interface  414  enables the user to communicate information and select commands to the electronic system. Input devices used with input device interface  414  include, e.g., alphanumeric keyboards and pointing devices (also called “cursor control devices”). Output device interfaces  406  enables, e.g., the display of images generated by the electronic system  400 . Output devices used with output device interface  406  include, e.g., printers and display devices, such as cathode ray tubes (CRT) or liquid crystal displays (LCD). Some implementations include devices such as a touchscreen that functions as both input and output devices. 
     Also, as shown in  FIG. 8 , bus  408  also couples electronic system  400  to a network (not shown) through network interfaces  416 . Network interfaces  416  may include, e.g., a wireless access point (e.g., Bluetooth or WiFi) or radio circuitry for connecting to a wireless access point. Network interfaces  416  may also include hardware (e.g., Ethernet hardware) for connecting the computer to a part of a network of computers such as a local area network (“LAN”), a wide area network (“WAN”), wireless LAN, or an Intranet, or a network of networks, such as the Internet. Any or all components of electronic system  400  can be used in conjunction with the subject disclosure. 
     With reference to  FIG. 9 , a method  500  of operating a modular power and connectivity assembly  100  is provided. In step  510 , a modular power and connectivity assembly  100  is coupled to an infusion device  110 . For example, an infusion device  110  connected to a tube  24  may be inserted into housing  105  or connected to a base  122  of a harness assembly  120 . 
     The modular power and connectivity assembly  100  provides power to the infusion device  110  in step  520 . For example, the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  may transmit power to through a physical connection (e.g., pin, cable) between the housing  105  and the infusion device  110 , or through a wireless power transmission between the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  and the infusion device  110 . 
     In step  530 , the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  communicates with the infusion device  110 . For example, the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  may receive sensor information from the infusion device  110  and/or transmit control information to the infusion device  110 . 
     In step  540 , the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  communicates with a healthcare network. For example, the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  may transmit received data or sensor information to a connectivity hub  200 , which in turn may be transmitted to a cloud interface  250  and end up being received by a user interface  260 . Thus, the user interface  260 , such as a mobile interface  270 , may provide data or information from the infusion device  110  to a user (e.g., healthcare worker). As another example, the modular power and connectivity assembly  100  may receive control information from the connectivity hub  200 , which in turn may be received from the cloud interface  250 , which in turn is received from the user interface  260 . Thus, the user interface  260 , such as a mobile interface  270 , may provide control information from the healthcare worker to the infusion device  110 . 
     As used herein a “user interface” (also referred to as an interactive user interface, a graphical user interface or a UI) may refer to a network based interface including data fields and/or other control elements for receiving input signals or providing electronic information and/or for providing information to the user in response to any received input signals. Control elements may include dials, buttons, icons, selectable areas, or other perceivable indicia presented via the UI that, when interacted with (e.g., clicked, touched, selected, etc.), initiates an exchange of data for the device presenting the UI. A UI may be implemented in whole or in part using technologies such as hyper-text mark-up language (HTML), FLASH™, JAVA™, .NET™, web services, or rich site summary (RSS). In some implementations, a UI may be included in a stand-alone client (for example, thick client, fat client) configured to communicate (e.g., send or receive data) in accordance with one or more of the aspects described. The communication may be to or from a medical device or server in communication therewith. 
     The functions described above can be implemented in computer software, firmware or hardware. The techniques can be implemented using one or more computer program products. Programmable processors and computers can be included in or packaged as mobile devices. The processes and logic flows can be performed by one or more programmable processors and by one or more programmable logic circuitry. General and special purpose computing devices and storage devices can be interconnected through communication networks. 
     Some implementations include electronic components, such as microprocessors, storage and memory that store computer program instructions in a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (also referred to as computer-readable storage media, machine-readable media, or machine-readable storage media). Some examples of such computer-readable media include RAM, ROM, read-only compact discs (CD-ROM), recordable compact discs (CD-R), rewritable compact discs (CD-RW), read-only digital versatile discs (e.g., DVD-ROM, dual-layer DVD-ROM), a variety of recordable/rewritable DVDs (e.g., DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, etc.), flash memory (e.g., SD cards, mini-SD cards, micro-SD cards, etc.), magnetic and/or solid state hard drives, read-only and recordable Blu-Ray® discs, ultra density optical discs, any other optical or magnetic media, and floppy disks. The computer-readable media can store a computer program that is executable by at least one processing unit and includes sets of instructions for performing various operations. Examples of computer programs or computer code include machine code, such as is produced by a compiler, and files including higher-level code that are executed by a computer, an electronic component, or a microprocessor using an interpreter. 
     While the above discussion primarily refers to microprocessor or multi-core processors that execute software, some implementations are performed by one or more integrated circuits, such as application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). In some implementations, such integrated circuits execute instructions that are stored on the circuit itself 
     As used in this specification and any claims of this application, the terms “computer”, “server”, “processor”, and “memory” all refer to electronic or other technological devices. These terms exclude people or groups of people. For the purposes of the specification, the terms display or displaying means displaying on an electronic device. As used in this specification and any claims of this application, the terms “computer readable medium” and “computer readable media” are entirely restricted to tangible, physical objects that store information in a form that is readable by a computer. These terms exclude any wireless signals, wired download signals, and any other ephemeral signals. 
     To provide for interaction with a user, implementations of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented on a computer having a display device, e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor, for displaying information to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device, e.g., a mouse or a trackball, by which the user can provide input to the computer. Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interaction with a user as well; e.g., feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback, e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback; and input from the user can be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input. In addition, a computer can interact with a user by sending documents to and receiving documents from a device that is used by the user; e.g., by sending web pages to a web browser on a user&#39;s client device in response to requests received from the web browser. 
     Embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented in a computing system that includes a back end component, e.g., as a data server, or that includes a middleware component, e.g., an application server, or that includes a front end component, e.g., a client computer having a graphical user interface or a Web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation of the subject matter described in this specification, or any combination of one or more such back end, middleware, or front end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication, e.g., a communication network. Examples of communication networks include a local area network (“LAN”) and a wide area network (“WAN”), an inter-network (e.g., the Internet), and peer-to-peer networks (e.g., ad hoc peer-to-peer networks). 
     The computing system can include clients and servers. A client and server are generally remote from each other and may interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other. In some embodiments, a server transmits data (e.g., an HTML, page) to a client device (e.g., for purposes of displaying data to and receiving user input from a user interacting with the client device). Data generated at the client device (e.g., a result of the user interaction) can be received from the client device at the server. 
     Those of skill in the art would appreciate that the various illustrative blocks, modules, elements, components, methods, and algorithms described herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative blocks, modules, elements, components, methods, and algorithms have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. The described functionality may be implemented in varying ways for each particular application. Various components and blocks may be arranged differently (e.g., arranged in a different order, or partitioned in a different way) all without departing from the scope of the subject technology. 
     The term web site, as used herein, may include any aspect of a web site, including one or more web pages, one or more servers used to host or store web related content, etc. Accordingly, the term website may be used interchangeably with the terms web page and server. The predicate words “configured to”, “operable to”, and “programmed to” do not imply any particular tangible or intangible modification of a subject, but, rather, are intended to be used interchangeably. For example, a processor configured to monitor and control an operation or a component may also mean the processor being programmed to monitor and control the operation or the processor being operable to monitor and control the operation. Likewise, a processor configured to execute code can be construed as a processor programmed to execute code or operable to execute code. 
     It is understood that any specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the methods of processes disclosed is an illustration of example approaches. Based upon design or implementation preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes may be rearranged, or that all illustrated blocks be performed. In some implementations, any of the blocks may be performed simultaneously. 
     The present disclosure is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. The disclosure provides various examples of the subject technology, and the subject technology is not limited to these examples. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. 
     A reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more.” Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Pronouns in the masculine (e.g., his) include the feminine and neuter gender (e.g., her and its) and vice versa. Headings and subheadings, if any, are used for convenience only and do not limit the invention. 
     The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example or illustration.” Any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs. In one aspect, various alternative configurations and operations described herein may be considered to be at least equivalent. 
     As used herein, the phrase “at least one of” preceding a series of items, with the term “or” to separate any of the items, modifies the list as a whole, rather than each item of the list. The phrase “at least one of” does not require selection of at least one item; rather, the phrase allows a meaning that includes at least one of any one of the items, and/or at least one of any combination of the items, and/or at least one of each of the items. By way of example, the phrase “at least one of A, B, or C” may refer to: only A, only B, or only C; or any combination of A, B, and C. 
     A phrase such as an “aspect” does not imply that such aspect is essential to the subject technology or that such aspect applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to an aspect may apply to all configurations, or one or more configurations. An aspect may provide one or more examples. A phrase such as an aspect may refer to one or more aspects and vice versa. A phrase such as an “embodiment” does not imply that such embodiment is essential to the subject technology or that such embodiment applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to an embodiment may apply to all embodiments, or one or more embodiments. An embodiment may provide one or more examples. A phrase such an embodiment may refer to one or more embodiments and vice versa. A phrase such as a “configuration” does not imply that such configuration is essential to the subject technology or that such configuration applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to a configuration may apply to all configurations, or one or more configurations. A configuration may provide one or more examples. A phrase such a configuration may refer to one or more configurations and vice versa. 
     In one aspect, unless otherwise stated, all measurements, values, ratings, positions, magnitudes, sizes, and other specifications that are set forth in this specification, including in the claims that follow, are approximate, not exact. In one aspect, they are intended to have a reasonable range that is consistent with the functions to which they relate and with what is customary in the art to which they pertain. 
     It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps, operations or processes disclosed is an illustration of exemplary approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps, operations or processes may be rearranged. Some of the steps, operations or processes may be performed simultaneously. Some or all of the steps, operations, or processes may be performed automatically, without the intervention of a user. The accompanying method claims, if any, present elements of the various steps, operations or processes in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented. 
     All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. § 112 (f) unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for” or, in the case of a method claim, the element is recited using the phrase “step for.” Furthermore, to the extent that the term “include,” “have,” or the like is used, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprise” as “comprise” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim. 
     The Title, Background, Summary, Brief Description of the Drawings and Abstract of the disclosure are hereby incorporated into the disclosure and are provided as illustrative examples of the disclosure, not as restrictive descriptions. It is submitted with the understanding that they will not be used to limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the Detailed Description, it can be seen that the description provides illustrative examples and the various features are grouped together in various embodiments for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed subject matter requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter lies in less than all features of a single disclosed configuration or operation. The following claims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separately claimed subject matter. 
     The claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects described herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims and to encompass all legal equivalents. Notwithstanding, none of the claims are intended to embrace subject matter that fails to satisfy the requirement of 35 U.S.C. § 101, 102, or 103, nor should they be interpreted in such a way.