Patent Publication Number: US-11652329-B2

Title: Light source for Raman amplification, light source system for Raman amplification, Raman amplifier, and Raman amplifying system

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     This application is a division of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/810,707, filed Nov. 13, 2017, which is based on a continuation of International Application No. PCT/JP2016/064337, filed on May 13, 2016 which claims the benefit of priority of U.S. provisional Application No. 62/160,953, filed on May 13, 2015 and the prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-210487, filed on Oct. 27, 2015, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The present disclosure relates to a light source for Raman amplification, a light source system for Raman amplification, a Raman amplifier, and a Raman amplifying system. 
     In optical fiber communication in the related art, a transmission distance and a transmission capacity have been increased by use of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs) thus far. However, at present, it is thought to be desired to use not only the EDFA but also Raman amplification and, moreover, to effectively combining the EDFA and the Raman amplification. At present, what is mainly used as the Raman amplification is a backward pumping Raman amplification, in which pumping light is incident on an optical fiber for Raman amplification, such that the pumping light propagates in a direction opposite to a propagation direction of signal light. However, in order to achieve faster speed (100 Gb/s), longer transmission distance (100 km transmission), and wider bandwidth (utilization of the L-band and S-band) for the next generation, it is important to simultaneously use not only the backward pumping Raman amplification but also a technique, which is called “forward pumping Raman amplification”, in which pumping light is incident on an optical fiber for Raman amplification in a manner that the pumping light propagates in the same direction as a propagation direction of signal light. This method may be called “bidirectionally pumped Raman amplification”. In a case of using a wavelength multiplexing pumping technique, even when only the backward pumping Raman amplification is used, it is possible to achieve a flat and wider Raman gain. It has been reported, however, that without utilization of bidirectionally pumped Raman amplification, it is not possible to achieve a flat Noise Factor (NF) (see S. Kado, Y. Emori, S. Namiki, N. Tsukiji, J. Yoshida, and T. Kimura: ECOC&#39;01 (2001), PD Paper 1.8; and Emori, Kado, and Namiki: “Design of Noise Figure Spectrum of Raman Amplifiers Using Bi-directional Pumping”, Furukawa Electric Co. Review, No. 111 (2003), Page 10). 
     Here, a reason is explained why an incoherent pumping light source for forward pumping Raman amplification is newly required, separately from a 14XX nm band semiconductor laser module (LDM), which has been widely used as a pumping light source for the EDFA so far. Main properties desired in Raman amplification, in particular, in the forward pumping Raman amplification, will be listed below. 
     (1) Low Relative Intensity Noise (RIN) transfer 
     (2) Low Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) 
     (3) Low nonlinear effect 
     In addition, in order to deal with a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (or a broadband wavelength multiplexing) transmission (DWDM transmission) today, the following is desirable. 
     (4) Optical amplification by control of amplified gain over a broad wavelength region 
     The RIN refers to an index obtained by normalization of a minute intensity fluctuation component of laser light by the total optical power. Since Raman amplification is a phenomenon, in which a lifetime of an excited level creating a gain is short (approximately several fs), when there is intensity noise in the pumping light source, the intensity noise directly becomes noise of the signal light through the amplification process. Since a lifetime of an excited level is long (approximately 10 ms) in the EDFA, there has been no such risk. Raman amplification has a very small gain per unit length as compared to the EDFA, but in forward pumping Raman amplification, by signal light and pumping light propagating together in the optical fiber over a long distance, noise in the pumping light is gradually transferred as noise in the signal light. This is called RIN transfer. In backward pumping Raman amplification, since signal light and pumping light oppose each other, a time period, in which the pumping light having a certain noise component and the signal light intersect each other, is short, and influence of the noise in the pumping light on the signal light is little. Further, since the noise in the pumping light is random, even if the signal light is influenced by the noise, as the signal light travels oppositely to the pumping light, the influence is averaged. As understood from the above, the property that the RIN transfer is low is desired in forward pumping Raman amplification; and in particular, in a dispersion-shifted fiber (DSF), in which a group velocity difference between signal light and pumping light is small and a time period of parallel transmission in the optical fiber is long, reduction of this RIN transfer is important. 
     The SBS is one of cubic nonlinear optical effects, and is a phenomenon, in which a part of light is scattered backward by acoustic phonons pumped in an optical fiber by light. Occurrence of the SBS in pumping light is not desirable because the pumping light is scattered backward and will no longer contribute effectively to Raman amplification. In general, the SBS is easily caused in pumping light sources, which output laser light of single mode oscillation and of narrow linewidths, when the total optical power intensities are the same, and thus the SBS can be reduced without reduction in the Raman gain, more for a pumping light source, in which optical power per longitudinal mode has been reduced by increase in the number of oscillating longitudinal modes. The SBS can be reduced even more effectively for a light source having a continuous oscillating longitudinal mode and a broad spectral width. 
     Nonlinear effect is desired to be avoided because the nonlinear effect may cause a distortion of signal light, and lead to a degradation of communication quality. In optical communication today, a wavelength multiplexing communication is generally used, and even if a power of signal light of one wavelength is small, by multiplexing, the overall power is increased. Even if, for example, the power of signal light of each wavelength is 1 mW, when one hundred wave multiplexing is carried out, the overall power becomes 100 mW. If the signal light is amplified at a certain position at once by a lumped constant type amplifier like the EDFA when loss in a transmission path is compensated by optical amplification of the signal light, power of the amplified signal light is introduced into the transmission path at once and thus nonlinear effects tend to be caused. In order to avoid this, gradual amplification with a distributed constant type amplifier, like Raman amplification, is advantageous. However, in forward pumping Raman amplification, on an incident side of a transmission path, the Raman-amplified gain exceeds the transmission loss in the optical fiber, which is the transmission path, and at this portion, the power of signal light in the optical fiber becomes greater than the power of signal light at the incident end, and an nonlinear effect is more likely to be caused. In order to avoid this, a use of a high-order Raman amplification has been considered, in which Raman amplification is repeated up to a wavelength where Raman pumping light can be used as pumping light of the signal light in a cascade manner. A principle thereof is as follows: for example, to perform Raman amplification on signal light of the 1550 nm band, pumping light of a wavelength of approximately 1450 nm is used, and in this case, the 1450 nm pumping light is Raman-amplified with pumping light having a wavelength of approximately 1350 nm, and the 1450 nm pumping light that has been Raman-amplified Raman-amplifies the signal light of the 1550 nm band. As a result, since the power of the 1450 nm pumping light that Raman-amplifies the signal light is small at the incident end of the transmission path, the Raman gain of the signal light of the 1550 nm band is small, and in accordance with the transmission of the signal light, the 1450 nm pumping light is amplified by the 1350 nm pumping light, and the Raman gain for the signal light of the 1550 nm band becomes greater. Thereby, when the transmission path is seen as a whole, the transmission path can be regarded as a transmission path, in which the loss in the transmission path and the Raman gain are nicely balanced to each other as if the transmission loss in the optical fiber is zero, so that it is possible to consider that the nonlinear effect can be reduced further. In this case, the 1450 nm pumping light may be called “First-order Pumping Light (FPL)”, the 1350 nm pumping light may be called “Second-order Pumping Light (SPL)”, and this system may be called a “Second-order pumping system”. Under a similar principle, Raman pumping systems of higher orders, such as a 3rd-order and a 4th-order, have been studied, and low RIN transfer and low SBS are also desired for high quality transmission in such higher order Raman pumping systems. 
     In order to fulfill the above described four needs, various techniques have been disclosed (Pump Laser Module for Forward pumping Raman Amplifier, Furukawa Electric Co. Review, July 2003, No. 112, Pages 5 to 10; Kafing Keita, Philippe Delaye, Robert Fray, and Gerald Roosen, “Relative Intensity Noise Transfer of Large-Bandwidth Pump Lasers in Raman Fiber”, Journal of Optical Society America B, Vol. 23, No. 12, Pages 2479 to 2485, December 2006; Japanese Patent No. 3676167; Specification of U.S. patent Ser. No. 07/190,861; Specification of U.S. patent Ser. No. 07/215,836; and Specification of U.S. patent Ser. No. 07/233,431). 
     However, properties of light sources for Raman amplification, light source systems for Raman amplification, Raman amplifiers, and Raman amplifying systems, which are able to simultaneously fulfill the above-described four needs, have not reached properties leading to practical use yet. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a light source for Raman amplification to Raman-amplify signal light transmitted through an optical transmission fiber by a stimulated Raman scattering phenomenon in the optical transmission fiber, includes: plural incoherent light sources that output incoherent light; plural pumping light sources that output second-order pumping light having a wavelength that Raman-amplifies the incoherent light; an optical fiber for Raman amplification that is connected to the plural incoherent light sources and the plural pumping light sources and that Raman-amplifies the incoherent light that has been input thereto with the second-order pumping light that has been input thereto, and outputs the amplified incoherent light; and an output unit that is connected to the optical transmission fiber, receives the amplified incoherent light that has been Raman-amplified by the optical fiber for Raman amplification, and outputs the amplified incoherent light as first-order pumping light having a wavelength that Raman-amplifies the signal light to the optical transmission fiber. 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a light source for Raman amplification to Raman-amplify, in an optical transmission fiber, signal light transmitted through the optical transmission fiber, includes: plural incoherent light sources that output incoherent light; plural pumping light sources that output second-order pumping light having a wavelength that Raman-amplifies the incoherent light; and an output unit that is connected to the plural incoherent light sources, the plural pumping light sources, and the optical transmission fiber, and that outputs the incoherent light and the second-order pumping light that have been input thereto so that the incoherent light and the second-order pumping light propagate in the same direction through the optical transmission fiber. Further, in the optical transmission fiber, the incoherent light that has been input thereto is Raman-amplified by the second-order pumping light that has been input thereto, and first-order pumping light having a wavelength that Raman-amplifies the signal light is generated. 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a light source system for Raman amplification for Raman-amplifying, in an optical transmission fiber, signal light transmitted through the optical transmission fiber, includes: a first light source unit including first plural incoherent light sources that output first incoherent light and a first output unit that is connected to the first plural incoherent light sources and the optical transmission fiber and outputs the first incoherent light to the optical transmission fiber; and a second light source unit including first plural pumping light sources that output first second-order pumping light having a wavelength that Raman-amplifies the first incoherent light and a second output unit that is connected to the first plural pumping light sources and the optical transmission fiber and outputs the first second-order pumping light to the optical transmission fiber. Further, the first output unit and the second output unit are connected to the optical transmission fiber so that the first incoherent light and the first second-order pumping light propagate in directions opposite to each other through the optical transmission fiber between the first output unit and the second output unit, and in the optical transmission fiber between the first output unit and the second output unit, the first incoherent light that has been input thereto is Raman-amplified by the first second-order pumping light that has been input thereto, and first-order pumping light having a wavelength that Raman-amplifies the signal light is generated. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The needs, features, advantages and technical and industrial significance of this disclosure will be better understood by reading the following detailed description of presently preferred embodiments of the disclosure, when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings. 
         FIG.  1    is a schematic block diagram of a Raman amplifying system using a light source for Raman amplification according to a first embodiment; 
         FIG.  2    is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of a Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) coupler; 
         FIG.  3    is a diagram illustrating another example configuration of the WDM coupler; 
         FIG.  4    is a diagram illustrating an example of arrangement of wavelengths of incoherent light and Second-order pumping light; 
         FIG.  5    is a schematic block diagram of a Raman amplifying system using a light source for Raman amplification according to a second embodiment; 
         FIG.  6    is a schematic block diagram of a Raman amplifying system using a light source for Raman amplification according to a third embodiment; 
         FIG.  7    is a schematic block diagram of a Raman amplifying system using a light source for Raman amplification according to a fourth embodiment; 
         FIG.  8    is a schematic block diagram of a Raman amplifying system using a Raman amplification light source according to a fifth embodiment; 
         FIG.  9    is a schematic block diagram of a Raman amplifying system using a light source for Raman amplification according to a sixth embodiment; 
         FIG.  10    is a schematic block diagram of a Raman amplifying system using a light source system for Raman amplification according to a seventh embodiment; 
         FIG.  11    is a schematic block diagram of a Raman amplifying system using a light source system for Raman amplification according to an eighth embodiment; 
         FIG.  12    is a schematic block diagram of a Raman amplifying system using a light source system for Raman amplification according to a ninth embodiment; 
         FIG.  13    is a schematic block diagram of a Raman amplifying system using a light source system for Raman amplification according to a tenth embodiment; and 
         FIG.  14    is a diagram illustrating example configurations of incoherent light sources. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the related art, main properties desired in Raman amplification, in particular, in the forward pumping Raman amplification, are as follows: 
     (1) Low Relative Intensity Noise (RIN) transfer 
     (2) Low Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) 
     (3) Low nonlinear effect 
     In addition, in order to deal with a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (or a broadband wavelength multiplexing) transmission (DWDM transmission) today, the following is desirable. 
     (4) Optical amplification by control of amplified gain over a broad wavelength region 
     Therefore, it is desired to fulfill those needs. 
     Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, embodiments of a light source for Raman amplification, a light source system for Raman amplification, a Raman amplifier, and a Raman amplifying system according to the present disclosure will be described in detail. Note that the disclosure is not limited by these embodiments. Further, the same signs are used, as appropriate, to describe the same or corresponding elements throughout the drawings. 
     First Embodiment 
       FIG.  1    is a schematic block diagram of a Raman amplifying system using a light source for Raman amplification according to a first embodiment. As illustrated in  FIG.  1   , a Raman amplifying system  100  is applied to an optical transmission system  1000  including: a transmitter  1001  that transmits Signal light (S 1 ) that is WDM signal light of the 1.55 μm band; an optical transmission fiber  1002  that is a transmission path that transmits therethrough the Signal light (S 1 ); and a receiver  1003  that receives the Signal light (S 1 ). The Raman amplifying system  100  includes a light source for Raman amplification  10  (hereinafter “Raman amplification light source  10 ”) and the optical transmission fiber  1002 . The Raman amplifying system  100  according to the first embodiment and Raman amplifying systems according to the following respective embodiments are also configured as Raman amplifiers. 
     The Raman amplification light source  10  includes plural incoherent light sources  11 , plural pumping light sources  12 , a Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) coupler  13 , an optical fiber for Raman amplification  14  (hereinafter “Raman amplification optical fiber  14 ”), and a WDM coupler  15  serving as an output unit. 
     The plural incoherent light sources  11  respectively output incoherent light beams IL having wavelengths different from each another. The incoherent light does not refers to a laser light source that oscillates in a single or plural discrete modes (longitudinal modes), but refers to light formed of a collection of uncorrelated photons having a continuous spectrum. Although the plural incoherent light sources  11  include at least one of a Super Luminescent Diode (SLD); a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA); and an Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) light source including a rare earth doped optical fiber (for example, an Erbium-Doped Fiber (EDF)), in this first embodiment, it is assumed that all of the incoherent light sources  11  are SLDs. 
     The plural pumping light sources  12  output respective Second-order Pumping Light beams (SPL) having wavelengths that are different from each another and that Raman-amplify the Incoherent Light beams (IL). The plural pumping light sources  12  include at least one of semiconductor lasers of: the Fabry-Perot (FP) type; the FP-FBG type that is a combination of the FP type and an optical Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG); a Distributed FeedBack (DFB)-type; and a Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) type, these semiconductor lasers having wavelengths different from each other; and in this first embodiment, it is assumed that all of the plural pumping light sources  12  are the semiconductor lasers of the FP type. 
     The WDM coupler  13  multiplexes the Incoherent Light beams (IL) and the Second-order Pumping Light beams (SPL) respectively and outputs the multiplexed light beams.  FIG.  2    is a diagram illustrating an example configuration of the WDM coupler  13 . The WDM coupler  13  has a configuration, in which plural WDM couplers  13   a  formed of multilayered dielectric filters, and plural WDM couplers  13   b  formed of multilayered dielectric filters are connected in serial by optical fibers. The WDM couplers  13   a  are connected to the respective incoherent light sources  11  by optical fibers, and each of the WDM couplers  13   a  has wavelength characteristics of: reflecting the Incoherent Light beam (IL) output from the incoherent light source  11  connected thereto; and transmitting light beams of other wavelengths. Similarly, the WDM couplers  13   b  are connected to the respective pumping light sources  12  by optical fibers, and each of the WDM couplers  13   b  has wavelength characteristic of: reflecting the Second-order Pumping Light beam (SPL) output from the pumping light source  12  connected thereto, and transmitting light beams of other wavelengths. Thereby, the WDM coupler  13  can multiplex the Incoherent Light beams (IL) and the respective Second-order Pumping Light beams (SPL) and outputs the multiplexed light beams from an output port  13   c.    
       FIG.  3    is a diagram illustrating a WDM coupler  13 ′, which is another example configuration of the WDM coupler. The WDM coupler  13 ′ includes an Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG)  13 ′ a  using a Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC). Plural ports  13 ′ aa  at a multiport side of the AWG  13 ′ a  are connected to the respective incoherent light sources  11 , and plural ports  13 ′ ab  are connected to the respective pumping light sources  12 . Thereby, the WDM coupler  13 ′ can multiplex the Incoherent Light beams (IL) and the Second-order Pumping Light beams (SPL) respectively, and to output the multiplexed light beams from an output port  13 ′ ac.    
     Referring back to  FIG.  1    again, the Raman amplification optical fiber  14  is connected to the plural incoherent light sources  11  and the plural pumping light sources  12  via the WDM coupler  13  Raman-amplifies the Incoherent Light beams (IL) input thereto by using the Second-order Pumping Light beams (SPL) input thereto, and outputs the Raman-amplified light beams as amplified incoherent light. The Raman amplification optical fiber  14  is a known optical fiber, such as a highly nonlinear optical fiber. The plural incoherent light sources  11  and the plural pumping light sources  12  are connected to the Raman amplification optical fiber  14  via the WDM coupler  13 , such that the Second-order Pumping Light beams (SPL) forward pump the respective Incoherent Light beams (IL). That is, in the Raman amplification optical fiber  14 , the Second-order Pumping Light beams (SPL) and the Incoherent Light beams (IL) have the same propagation direction. 
     The WDM coupler  15  serving as the output unit is connected to the optical transmission fiber  1002 , receives the amplified incoherent light, and outputs the received amplified incoherent light as First-order Pumping Light (FPL) having a wavelength that Raman-amplifies the Signal light (S 1 ) to the optical transmission fiber  1002 . The WDM coupler  15  is a known WDM coupler using, for example, a multilayered dielectric filter. The WDM coupler  15  is connected to the optical transmission fiber  1002  such that the First-order Pumping Light (FPL) forward pumps the Signal light (S 1 ). That is, the WDM coupler  15  is connected to the optical transmission fiber  1002  such that a propagation direction of the First-order Pumping Light (FPL) is the same as the propagation direction of the Signal light (S 1 ). Thereby, the Signal light (S 1 ) transmitted through the optical transmission fiber  1002  is Raman-amplified by the First-order Pumping Light (FPL) through a stimulated Raman scattering phenomenon in the optical transmission fiber  1002 . 
     It is known that the RIN transfer from First-order Pumping Light to signal light can be reduced when incoherent light is used as the First-order Pumping Light, but since output power of incoherent light sources is generally small, it is difficult for an incoherent light source to be directly used as a First-order pumping light source for Raman amplification. 
     In relation to this, inventors of the present disclosure have found that even if incoherent light, which has been Raman-amplified by coherent Second-order pumping light, such as a semiconductor laser of the FP type, is used as First-order pumping light, the RIN transfer to signal light can be reduced. The Raman amplifying system  100  is configured to Raman-amplify the Signal light (S 1 ) by use of the optical transmission fiber  1002 , with incoherent light being the First-order Pumping Light (FPL), the incoherent light having been Raman-amplified by the Raman amplification optical fiber  14  in the Raman amplification light source  10  with the plural pumping light sources  12  formed of semiconductor lasers of the FP type being the Second-order Pumping Light beams (SPL). Thereby, low RIN transfer is realized. 
     Further, light emission wavelength bandwidths of the Incoherent Light beams (IL) are broader than those of coherent light sources, such as semiconductor lasers of the FP type, and peak intensities of the incoherent light beams IL are low as compared to the overall intensity of the light emission. Therefore, by amplification of the Incoherent Light beams (IL) and using the amplified Incoherent Light beams (IL) as the First-order Pumping Light (FPL), the low SBS can be realized. Furthermore, due to the broadness of the light emission wavelength bandwidths of the Incoherent Light beams (IL), phase matching conditions of optical four-wave mixing, which is a representative nonlinear effect, will be difficult to be satisfied, and thus occurrence of optical four-wave mixing will be prevented. Thereby, low nonlinear effect can be realized. 
     Further, since the plural incoherent light sources  11  that output the respective Incoherent Light beams (IL) having wavelengths different from each other and the plural pumping light sources  12  that output the respective Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) having wavelengths different from each other are included, optical amplification is enabled with the amplified gain of the signal light being controlled over a broad wavelength region. 
     Accordingly, the above described four needs can be simultaneously fulfilled by the Raman amplification light source  10 . 
     The wavelengths, numbers, bands, and powers of the pumping light sources  12  and the incoherent light sources  11  may be adjusted, as appropriate, according to the amplified band, desired gain, and gain flatness of the Signal light (S 1 ) to be amplified. 
     Next, an example of arrangement of wavelength and power of incoherent light and Second-order pumping light will be described.  FIG.  4    is a diagram illustrating an example arrangement of the wavelengths of incoherent light and Second-order pumping light. In the example illustrated in  FIG.  4   , the number of incoherent light sources  11  (SLDs) is assumed to be two, and the number of the pumping light sources  12  (pumping FP-LDs) is assumed to be four. As illustrated in  FIG.  4   , wavelengths of Second-order Pumping Light beams (SPLA, SPLB, SPLC, and SPLD) are assumed to be 1350 nm, 1370 nm, 1380 nm, and 1400 nm, respectively, and all of their powers are assumed to be 250 mW. Further, wavelengths of Incoherent Light beams (ILA and ILB) are assumed to be 1450 nm and 1480 nm, respectively, all of their 3 dB bandwidths are assumed to be 30 nm, and all of their powers are assumed to be 5 mW. At respective longer wavelength side positions Raman-shifted by approximately 100 nm from the Second-order Pumping Light beams (SPLA, SPLB, SPLC, and SPLD), Raman gain bands are formed having respective peak positions at Raman Peaks (RPA, RPB, RPC, and RPD) due to the Second-order pumping light beams. Thereby, the Incoherent Light beams (ILA and ILB) are Raman-amplified to be First-order Pumping Light (FPL). In this example illustrated in  FIG.  4   , since the wavelengths of the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPLA, SPLB, SPLC, and SPLD) are set so that the Raman Peaks (RPA, RPB, RPC, and RPD) are positioned at the wavelengths with low optical power on the long wavelength side and the short wavelength sides relative to the respective wavelengths of the Incoherent Light beams (ILA and ILB), high Raman gains can be obtained relative to light beams of wavelengths low in optical power in the incoherent light beams ILA and ILB. As a result, the spectral shape of the First-order Pumping Light (FPL) becomes more flat with respect to the wavelength. 
     For example, in the first embodiment, when the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPLA, SPLB, SPLC, and SPLD), and the Incoherent Light beams (ILA and ILB) are set as described above, Raman-amplified incoherent light (First-order pumping light) of high power and a broad bandwidth in a range from approximately 1430 nm to approximately 1500 nm is obtained, and signal light of the C+L bands used in optical communication from approximately 1530 nm to approximately 1625 nm can be Raman-amplified. 
     In the plural incoherent light sources  11 , the gain bandwidth can be increased easily when the wavelength bandwidth of pumping light is increased by using a combination of different types of incoherent light sources that output incoherent light beams of wavelength bandwidths different from each other, the different types of incoherent light sources being, for example: an SLD and an ASE light source with an EDF; an SOA and an ASE light source; or an SOA and an SLD. For example, when SOAs, which operate over a wavelength bandwidth of dozens of nanometers around the 1480 nm band are used as the incoherent light sources, the SOAs will be difficult to be operated at other wavelengths. Thus, if an SOA, and an SLD or an ASE light source are used together, the wavelength band of pumping light is not limited to the 1480 nm band, and can be enlarged to the 1300 nm band and the 1550 nm band. Further, the wavelength bandwidth of pumping light can be increased by using the ASE light source where an optical fiber is used which is connected to an optical fiber doped with rare earth elements different from each other (for example, Er; codoping with Yb and Er or a combination of Er and Al 2 O 3 ; or semiconductor quantum dots of PbS) or an optical fiber codoped with different rare earth elements. 
     Second Embodiment 
       FIG.  5    is a schematic block diagram of a Raman amplifying system using a light source for Raman amplification according to a second embodiment. A Raman amplifying system  100 A includes a light source for Raman amplification  10 A (hereinafter “Raman amplification light source  10 A”) and an optical transmission fiber  1002 . 
     The Raman amplification light source  10 A includes plural incoherent light sources  11 , plural pumping light sources  12 , WDM couplers  13 Aa and  13 Ab, an Raman amplification optical fiber  14 , and a WDM coupler  15 . 
     The WDM coupler  13 Aa multiplexes incoherent light beams IL and outputs the multiplexed light beams. The WDM coupler  13 Ab multiplexes Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) and outputs the multiplexed light beams. The WDM couplers  13 Aa and  13 Ab may be provided by using multilayered dielectric filters or AWGs as illustrated in  FIG.  2    and  FIG.  3   . 
     The Raman amplification optical fiber  14  is connected to the plural incoherent light sources  11  via the WDM coupler  13 Aa, and is connected to the plural pumping light sources  12  via the WDM coupler  13 Ab. The Raman amplification optical fiber  14  Raman-amplifies the respective Incoherent Light beams (IL) input thereto with the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) input thereto, and outputs the amplified Incoherent Light beams (IL) as amplified incoherent light. The plural incoherent light sources  11  and the plural pumping light sources  12  are connected to the respective Raman amplification optical fiber  14  via the WDM couplers  13 Aa and  13 Ab, such that the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) backward pump the respective Incoherent Light beams (IL). That is, in the Raman amplification optical fiber  14 , the propagation directions of the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) and the propagation directions of the respective Incoherent Light beams (IL) are opposite to each other. 
     The WDM coupler  15  is connected to the optical transmission fiber  1002 , receives the amplified incoherent light, and outputs the received amplified incoherent light as First-order Pumping Light (FPL) having a wavelength that Raman-amplifies the Signal light (S 1 ) to the optical transmission fiber  1002 . The WDM coupler  15  is connected to the optical transmission fiber  1002  so that the First-order Pumping Light (FPL) forward pumps the Signal light (S 1 ). Thereby, the Signal light (S 1 ) is Raman-amplified by the First-order Pumping Light (FPL) in the optical transmission fiber  1002 . 
     By this Raman amplification light source  10 A, similar to the Raman amplification light source  10 , the above described four needs can be fulfilled simultaneously. Further, in the Raman amplification optical fiber  14  of this Raman amplification light source  10 A, the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) Raman-amplify the respective Incoherent Light beams (IL) by backward pumping. Thereby, in the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL), since the RIN transfer of the Incoherent Light beams (IL) is further reduced, the RIN transfer to the Signal light (S 1 ) is also reduced further. 
     Third Embodiment 
       FIG.  6    is a schematic block diagram of a Raman amplifying system using a light source for Raman amplification according to a third embodiment. A Raman amplification system  100 B includes a light source for Raman amplification  10 B (hereinafter “Raman amplification light source  10 B”) and an optical transmission fiber  1002 . 
     The Raman amplification light source  10 B has a configuration, in which the WDM coupler  15  of the Raman amplification light source  10  has been replaced with a WDM coupler  15 B. The WDM coupler  15 B is connected to the optical transmission fiber  1002 , receives amplified incoherent light, and outputs the received amplified incoherent light as First-order Pumping Light (FPL) having a wavelength that Raman-amplifies Signal light (S 1 ) to the optical transmission fiber  1002 . The WDM coupler  15 B is connected to the optical transmission fiber  1002  so that the First-order Pumping Light (FPL) backward pumps the Signal light (S 1 ). That is, the WDM coupler  15 B is connected to the optical transmission fiber  1002  such that a propagation direction of the First-order Pumping Light (FPL) is opposite to a propagation direction of the Signal light (S 1 ). Thereby, the Signal light (S 1 ) is Raman-amplified by the First-order Pumping Light (FPL) in the optical transmission fiber  1002 . 
     By this Raman amplification light source  10 B as well, similar to the Raman amplification light source  10 , the above described four needs can be fulfilled simultaneously. Further, in a case of the Raman amplification light source  10 B, low nonlinear effect can be reduced more than in a case of a forward pumping type like the Raman amplification light source  10 . One of the reason is: due to the backward pumping type, after the Signal light (S 1 ) starts receiving transmission loss in the optical transmission fiber  1002  so that the power of the Signal light (S 1 ) starts reducing, the Signal light (S 1 ) is amplified by the Raman amplification by the First-order Pumping Light (FPL), thus the power of the Signal light (S 1 ) can be maintained less than that in a case of the forward pumping type in the optical transmission fiber  1002 . The other reason is: since the First-order Pumping Light (FPL) propagates in the direction opposite to the direction in which the Signal light (S 1 ) propagates, it is more difficult to fulfill the phase matching condition to obtain the nonlinear effect than in that case of the forward pumping type. 
     Fourth Embodiment 
       FIG.  7    is a schematic block diagram of a Raman amplifying system using a light source for Raman amplification according to a fourth embodiment. A Raman amplifying system  100 C includes a light source for Raman amplification  10 C (hereinafter “Raman amplification light source  10 C”) and an optical transmission fiber  1002 . 
     The Raman amplification light source  10 C has a configuration, in which the WDM coupler  15  of the Raman amplification light source  10 A has been replaced with a WDM coupler  15 C. The WDM coupler  15 C is connected to the optical transmission fiber  1002 , receives amplified incoherent light, and outputs the received amplified incoherent light as First-order Pumping Light (FPL) having a wavelength that Raman-amplifies Signal light (S 1 ) to the optical transmission fiber  1002 . The WDM coupler  15 C is connected to the optical transmission fiber  1002  such that the First-order Pumping Light (FPL) backward pumps the Signal light (S 1 ). That is, the WDM coupler  15 C is connected to the optical transmission fiber  1002  so that a propagation direction of the First-order Pumping Light (FPL) is opposite to a propagation direction of the Signal light (S 1 ). Thereby, the Signal light (S 1 ) is Raman-amplified by the First-order Pumping Light (FPL) in the optical transmission fiber  1002 . 
     By this Raman amplification light source  10 C as well, similar to the Raman amplification light source  10 , the above described four needs can be fulfilled simultaneously. Further, in an Raman amplification optical fiber  14  of this Raman amplification light source  10 C, similar to the Raman amplification light source  10 A, Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) Raman amplify the respective Incoherent Light beams (IL) by backward pumping. Thereby, in the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL), since the RIN transfer of the Incoherent Light beams (IL) is further reduced, the RIN transfer to the Signal light (S 1 ) is also reduced further. 
     Fifth Embodiment 
       FIG.  8    is a schematic block diagram of a Raman amplifying system using a light source for Raman amplification according to a fifth embodiment. A Raman amplifying system  100 D includes a light source system for Raman amplification  10 D (hereinafter “Raman amplification light source system  10 D”) and an optical transmission fiber  1002 . 
     The Raman amplification light source system  10 D includes a Raman amplification light source  10  and a Raman amplification light source  10 B. Further, WDM couplers  15  and  15 B of the light sources for Raman amplification  10  and  10 B are connected to the optical transmission fiber  1002  so that First-order Pumping Light (FPL) output from each of the WDM couplers  15  and  15 B bidirectionally pumps Signal light (S 1 ). That is, the Raman amplifying system  100 D is a bidirectional pumping system using the Raman amplification light source system  10 D. 
     By this Raman amplification light source system  10 D as well, the above described four needs can be fulfilled simultaneously. Further, since the Raman amplification light source system  10 D is of the bidirectional pumping type, an increase in flatness of wavelength of the Raman gain, an increase in the bandwidth, and an increase in flatness of wavelength of the NF can be achieved easily. 
     A bidirectionally pumped Raman amplifying system similar to the Raman amplifying system  100 D may be formed by including: a light source system for Raman amplification which includes the Raman amplification light source  10 A and the Raman amplification light source  10 C and the WDM couplers  15  and  15 C of the Raman amplification light sources  10 A and  10 C which are connected to an optical transmission fiber  1002  so that First-order Pumping Light (FPL) output from the WDM couplers  15  and  15 C bidirectionally pumps Signal light (S 1 ). 
     Sixth Embodiment 
       FIG.  9    is a schematic block diagram of a Raman amplifying system using a light source for Raman amplification according to a sixth embodiment. A Raman amplifying system  100 E includes a light source for Raman amplification  10 E (hereinafter “Raman amplification light source  10 E”) and an optical transmission fiber  1002 . 
     The Raman amplification light source  10 E includes plural incoherent light sources  11 , plural pumping light sources  12 , and a WDM coupler  13  serving as an output unit. 
     The WDM coupler  13  is connected to the plural incoherent light sources  11 , the plural pumping light sources  12 , and the optical transmission fiber  1002 , and outputs Incoherent Light beams (IL) received from the respective incoherent light sources  11  and Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) received from the respective pumping light sources  12  so that the Incoherent Light beams (IL) and the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) propagate through the optical transmission fiber  1002  in the same direction. Further, the WDM coupler  13  is connected to the optical transmission fiber  1002  so that the Incoherent Light beams (IL) and the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) propagate in the same direction as that of Signal light (S 1 ) in the optical transmission fiber  1002 . This configuration can be realized by the WDM coupler  13  illustrated in  FIG.  2    which is connected to the optical transmission fiber  1002  so that the Signal light (S 1 ) is input from an input port  13   d  and output from the output port  13   c . Furthermore, if the WDM coupler  13 ′ illustrated in  FIG.  3    is used, a port  13 ′ ad  for signal light multiplexing may be provided, and the WDM coupler  13 ′ may be connected to the optical transmission fiber  1002  so that the Signal light (S 1 ) is input from the port  13 ′ ad , and the Signal light (S 1 ), the incoherent light beams IL, and the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) that have been respectively multiplexed are output from the output port  13 ′ ac.    
     In the optical transmission fiber  1002  of this Raman amplifying system  100 E, the Incoherent Light beams (IL) are gradually Raman-amplified by the respective Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL), and First-order Pumping Light (FPL) having a wavelength that Raman-amplifies the Signal light (S 1 ) is generated. The First-order Pumping Light (FPL) propagates in the same direction as that of the Signal light (S 1 ) and Raman-amplifies the Signal light (S 1 ) That is, the Raman amplifying system  100 E is a Raman amplifying system of both the forward pumping type and the Second-order pumping type. 
     By this Raman amplification light source  10 E as well, the above described four needs can be fulfilled simultaneously. Further, according to this Raman amplification light source  10 E, although the Raman gain of the Signal light (S 1 ) is small because the power of the First-order Pumping Light (FPL) that Raman-amplifies the Signal light (S 1 ) is small at the optical transmission fiber  1002  near the WDM coupler  13 ; as the Signal light (S 1 ) is transmitted through the optical transmission fiber  1002 , the Incoherent Light beams (IL) are amplified by the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL), the power of the First-order Pumping Light (FPL) is thus increased, and the Raman gain for the Signal light (S 1 ) is increased. Thereby, when seen as a whole, the optical transmission fiber  1002  can be regarded as a transmission path, in which the transmission loss and the Raman gain are nicely balanced to each other as if the transmission loss in the optical fiber is zero, or the fluctuation of power of the Signal light (S 1 ) in the longitudinal direction of the optical transmission fiber  1002  is small, and thus the nonlinear effect can be reduced further. 
     With the configuration of the Raman amplifying system  100 E, as illustrated in  FIG.  4   , experiments of the Raman amplification were carried out under the conditions that the wavelengths of Second-order pumping Light beams (SPLA, SPLB, SPLC, and SPLD) are 1350 nm, 1370 nm, 1380 nm, and 1400 nm, respectively, all of their powers are 250 mW; the wavelengths of Incoherent Light beams (ILA and ILB) are 1450 nm and 1480 nm, respectively, all of their 3-dB bandwidths are 30 nm, and all of their powers are 5 mW. The Signal light (S 1 ) was WDM signal light formed of signal light of four wavelengths, which were 1530 nm, 1560 nm, 1590 nm, and 1620 nm. Further, the length of the optical transmission fiber  1002  was 50 km. As a result, a Raman gain of approximately 10 dB was obtained for the signal light of each wavelength. Furthermore, a difference between the maximum Raman gain and the minimum Raman gain for the signal light of the four wavelengths was equal to or less than 1 dB. 
     Further, according to the Raman amplification light source  10 E, the Raman amplifying system  100 E can operate not only as a Second-order pumping system but also as a Third or higher-order pumping system by setting of the wavelengths of the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL). For example, if (a) 1380 nm±20 nm is used as the wavelength of the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) and the SLDs of (b) 1480 nm±20 nm are used as the incoherent light sources  11 , the Raman amplifying system  100 E operates as a Second-order pumping Raman amplifying system, in which (b) is Raman-amplified by (a), and the amplified (b) Raman-amplifies the Signal light (S 1 ) of a wavelength region around 1590 nm±20 nm. 
     Further, if, for example, (a) 1290 nm±20 nm and (a′) 1380 nm±20 nm are used as wavelengths of the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL), and the SLDs of (b) 1480 nm±20 nm are used as the incoherent light sources  11 , the Raman amplifying system  100 E operates as a Third-order pumping Raman amplifying system, in which: (a′) is Raman-amplified by (a); the amplified (a′) and (a′) Raman-amplify (b); and the Raman-amplified (b) Raman-amplifies the Signal light (S 1 ) of a wavelength region around 1590 nm±20 nm. In this case, the Raman amplification light source  10 E includes a pumping light source that outputs pumping light having a wavelength that Raman-amplifies the Second-order pumping Light (SPL) output by at least one of the plural pumping light sources  12 . When powers of (a), (a′), and (b) are adjusted, the above described four needs can be fulfilled simultaneously, and increase in flatness of the Raman gain, increase in the bandwidth, and increase in flatness of the NF can also be achieved easily. 
     Seventh Embodiment 
       FIG.  10    is a schematic block diagram of a Raman amplifying system using a light source system for Raman amplification according to a seventh embodiment. A Raman amplifying system  100 F includes a light source system for Raman amplification  10 F (hereinafter “Raman amplification light source system  10 F”) and an optical transmission fiber  1002 . 
     The Raman amplification light source system  10 F includes a Raman amplification light source  10 E and a light source for Raman amplification  10 EA (hereinafter “Raman amplification light source  10 EA”). The Raman amplification light source  10 EA has a configuration, in which a WDM coupler  13  of the Raman amplification light source  10 E has been connected to the optical transmission fiber  1002 , so that Signal light (S 1 ) is input from an output port  13   c  and output from an input port  13   d . In the optical transmission fiber  1002 , the Incoherent Light beams (IL) input from the Raman amplification light source  10 EA are gradually Raman-amplified by the respective Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL), and First-order Pumping Light (FPL) having a wavelength that Raman-amplifies the Signal light (S 1 ) is generated. The First-order Pumping Light (FPL) propagates in a direction opposite to that of the Signal light (S 1 ) and Raman-amplifies the Signal light (S 1 ). On the contrary, First-order Pumping Light (FPL) generated by the Raman amplification light source  10 E propagates in the same direction as that of the Signal light (S 1 ) and Raman-amplifies the Signal light (S 1 ). 
     As described above, the WDM couplers  13  of the Raman amplification light sources  10 E and  10 EA are connected to the optical transmission fiber  1002  so that the First-order Pumping Light (FPL) bidirectionally pumps the Signal light (S 1 ), and the Raman amplifying system  100 F serves as a bidirectional pumping type and Second-order pumping type Raman amplifying system that uses the Raman amplification light source system  10 F. 
     By this Raman amplification light source system  10 F as well, the above described four needs can be fulfilled simultaneously, and similar to the case of the Raman amplification light source  10 E, the non-linear effect can be reduced further, and moreover, since the Raman amplifying system  100 F is of the bidirectional pumping type, the freedom of design of the power distribution of the Signal light (S 1 ) in the longitudinal direction of the optical transmission fiber  1002  can be increased. For example, the longitudinal direction power distribution of the Signal light (S 1 ) in addition to the amplified band, desired gain, and gain flatness of the Signal light (S 1 ) to be amplified, can be adjusted based on the wavelengths, numbers, bands, and powers of the respective pumping light sources  12  and incoherent light sources  11  in each of the light sources for Raman amplification  10 E and  10 EA. Further, according to the Raman amplification light source system  10 F, the Raman amplifying system  100 F can operate not only as a Second-order pumping system but also as a Third or higher-order pumping system similar to the Raman amplifying system  100 E. 
     Eighth Embodiment 
       FIG.  11    is a schematic block diagram of a Raman amplifying system using a light source system for Raman amplification according to an eighth embodiment. A Raman amplifying system  100 H includes a light source system for Raman amplification  10 H (hereinafter “Raman amplification light source system  10 H”) and an optical transmission fiber  1002 . 
     The Raman amplification light source system  10 H includes a first light source unit  10 HA and a second light source unit  10 HB. The first light source unit  10 HA includes first plural incoherent light sources  11 A that output Incoherent Light beams (IL) and a WDM coupler  16  that is connected to the first plural incoherent light sources  11 A and the optical transmission fiber  1002 , and serves as a first output unit that outputs the Incoherent Light beams (IL) to the optical transmission fiber  1002 . The second light source unit  10 HB includes first plural pumping light sources  12 A that output Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) that Raman-amplify the Incoherent Light beams (IL); and a WDM coupler  17  that is connected to the first plural pumping light sources  12 A and the optical transmission fiber  1002 , and serves as a second output unit that outputs the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) to the optical transmission fiber  1002 . 
     The first plural incoherent light sources  11 A output, similar to the plural incoherent light sources  11 , Incoherent Light beams (IL) having wavelengths different from each other. The first plural incoherent light sources  11 A include at least one of the SLD, the SOA, and the ASE light source including a rare earth doped optical fiber, and in this eighth embodiment, all of the first plural incoherent light sources  11 A are assumed to be the SLDs. The power of the Incoherent Light beams (IL) output from the respective incoherent light sources  11 A is, for example, 40 mW. 
     The first plural pumping light sources  12 A output the respective Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) having wavelengths that are different from each other and that Raman-amplify the Incoherent Light beams (IL), similar to the plural pumping light sources  12 . The first plural pumping light sources  12 A include at least one of semiconductor lasers of the FP type, the FP-FBG type that is a combination of the FP type and an FBG, the DFB-type, and the DBR type, the semiconductor lasers having wavelengths different from each other, and in this eighth embodiment, all of the first plural pumping light sources  12 A are assumed to be the semiconductor lasers of the FP type. The power of the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) output from the respective pumping light sources  12 A is, for example, 500 mW. 
     The WDM coupler  16  and the WDM coupler  17  are connected to the optical transmission fiber  1002  so that the Incoherent Light beams (IL) and the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) propagate in opposite directions through the optical transmission fiber  1002  between the WDM coupler  16  and the WDM coupler  17 . Thereby, specifically, the Incoherent Light beams (IL) propagate in the same direction as that of the Signal light (S 1 ), and the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) propagate in a direction opposite to that of the Signal light (S 1 ). 
     In this Raman amplification light source system  10 H, in the optical transmission fiber  1002  between the WDM coupler  16  and the WDM coupler  17 , the Incoherent Light beams (IL) input thereto are gradually Raman-amplified by the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL), and First-order Pumping Light (FPL) having a wavelength that Raman-amplifies the Signal light (S 1 ) is generated. The First-order Pumping Light (FPL) propagates in the same direction as that of the Signal light (S 1 ) and Raman-amplifies the Signal light (S 1 ). That is, the Raman amplifying system  100 H is a Raman amplifying system of both the forward pumping type and the Second-order pumping type. 
     By this Raman amplification light source system  10 H as well, the above described four needs can be fulfilled simultaneously. Further, according to this Raman amplification light source system  10 H, due to functions similar to those of the Raman amplification light source  10 E, when seen as a whole, the optical transmission fiber  1002  can be regarded as a transmission path, in which the transmission loss and the Raman gain are nicely balanced to each other as if the transmission loss in the optical fiber is zero, or the fluctuation of power of the Signal light (S 1 ) in the longitudinal direction of the optical transmission fiber  1002  is small, and the nonlinear effect is thus can be reduced further. Furthermore, according to the Raman amplification light source system  10 H, the Raman amplifying system  100 H can operate not only as a Second-order pumping system but also as a Third or higher-order pumping system similar to the Raman amplifying system  100 E. 
     Ninth Embodiment 
       FIG.  12    is a schematic block diagram of a Raman amplifying system using a light source system for Raman amplification according to a ninth embodiment. A Raman amplifying system  100 I includes a light source system for Raman amplification  10 I (hereinafter “Raman amplification light source system  10 I”) and an optical transmission fiber  1002 . 
     Similar to the Raman amplification light source system  10 H, this Raman amplification light source system  10 I also includes a first light source unit  10 HA and a second light source unit  10 HB. Further, the Raman amplification light source system  10 I is similar to the Raman amplification light source system  10 H in that a WDM coupler  16  and a WDM coupler  17  are connected to the optical transmission fiber  1002  so that incoherent light beams IL and Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) propagate in the respective directions opposite to each other through the optical transmission fiber  1002  between the WDM coupler  16  and the WDM coupler  17 . However, in contrast to the Raman amplification light source system  10 H, the WDM coupler  16  and the WDM coupler  17  are connected to the optical transmission fiber  1002  so that the Incoherent Light beams (IL) propagate in a direction opposite to that of Signal light (S 1 ) and the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) propagate in the same direction as that of the Signal light (S 1 ). 
     In this Raman amplification light source system  10 I as well, similar to the Raman amplification light source system  10 H, in the optical transmission fiber  1002  between the WDM coupler  16  and the WDM coupler  17 , the Incoherent Light beams (IL) input thereto are gradually Raman-amplified by the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL), and First-order Pumping Light (FPL) having a wavelength that Raman-amplifies the Signal light (S 1 ) is generated. However, in contrast to the case of the Raman amplification light source system  10 H, the First-order Pumping Light (FPL) propagates in the direction opposite to that of the Signal light (S 1 ) and Raman-amplifies the Signal light (S 1 ), That is, the Raman amplifying system  100 I is a Raman amplifying system of both the backward pumping type and the Second-order pumping type. 
     By this Raman amplification light source system  10 I as well, the above described four needs can be fulfilled simultaneously. Further, according to the Raman amplification light source system  10 I, the Raman amplifying system  100 I can operate not only as a Second-order pumping system but also as a Third-order pumping system or a higher-order pumping system, similar to the Raman amplifying system  100 E. 
     Tenth Embodiment 
       FIG.  13    is a schematic block diagram of a Raman amplifying system using a light source system for Raman amplification according to a tenth embodiment. A Raman amplifying system  100 J includes a light source system for Raman amplification  10 J (hereinafter “Raman amplification light source system  10 J”) and an optical transmission fiber  1002 . 
     The Raman amplification light source system  10 J includes a first light source unit  10 HAA and a second light source unit  10 HBA. The first light source unit  10 HAA includes first plural incoherent light sources  11 A that output incoherent light beams IL, second plural pumping light sources  12 B that output second Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL 2 ), and a WDM coupler  16 A that is connected to the first plural incoherent light sources  11 A, the second plural pumping light sources  12 B, and the optical transmission fiber  1002 , and serves as a first output unit that outputs the Incoherent Light beams (IL) and the second Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL 2 ) to the optical transmission fiber  1002 . The second light source unit  10 HBA includes first plural pumping light sources  12 A that output Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL), second plural incoherent light sources  11 B that output second incoherent light beams IL 2 , and a WDM coupler  17 A that is connected to the first plural pumping light sources  12 A, the second plural incoherent light sources  11 B, and the optical transmission fiber  1002 , and serves as a second output unit that outputs the second Incoherent Light beams (IL 2 ) and the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) to the optical transmission fiber  1002 . 
     The second plural incoherent light sources  11 B output the second Incoherent Light beams (IL 2 ) having a wavelength that is Raman-amplified by the second Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL 2 ) output by the second plural pumping light sources  12 B. The first plural pumping light sources  12 A output the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) having a wavelength that Raman-amplifies the incoherent light beams IL output by the first plural incoherent light sources  11 A. 
     The WDM coupler  16 A and the WDM coupler  17 A are connected to the optical transmission fiber  1002  so that the Incoherent Light beams (IL) and the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) propagate in the respective directions opposite to each other through the optical transmission fiber  1002  between the WDM coupler  16 A and the WDM coupler  17 A, and the second Incoherent Light beams (IL 2 ) and the second Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL 2 ) propagate in the respective directions opposite to each other through the optical transmission fiber  1002  between the WDM coupler  16 A and WDM coupler  17 A. Thereby, specifically, the Incoherent Light beams (IL) and the second Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL 2 ) propagate in the same direction as that of Signal light (S 1 ), and the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) and the second incoherent light beams IL 2  propagate in the direction opposite to that of the Signal light (S 1 ). 
     In this Raman amplification light source system  10 J, in the optical transmission fiber  1002  between the WDM coupler  16 A and the WDM coupler  17 A, the Incoherent Light beams (IL) input thereto are gradually Raman-amplified by the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL), and First-order Pumping Light (FPL) having a wavelength that Raman-amplifies the Signal light (S 1 ) is generated. Further, in this Raman amplification light source system  10 J, in the optical transmission fiber  1002  between the WDM coupler  16 A and the WDM coupler  17 A, the second incoherent light beams IL 2  input thereto are gradually Raman-amplified by the second Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL 2 ), and second First-order Pumping Light (FPL 2 ) having a wavelength that Raman-amplifies the Signal light (S 1 ) is generated. The First-order Pumping Light (FPL) propagates in the same direction as that of the Signal light (S 1 ), the second First-order Pumping Light (FPL 2 ) propagates in the direction opposite to that of the Signal light (S 1 ), and each of the First-order Pumping Light (FPL) and the second First-order Pumping Light (FPL 2 ) Raman amplifies the Signal light (S 1 ). That is, the Raman amplifying system  100 J is a Raman amplifying system of both the bidirectional pumping type and the Second-order pumping type. 
     By this Raman amplification light source system  10 J as well, the above described four needs can be fulfilled simultaneously. Further, since this Raman amplification light source system  10 J is of the bidirectional pumping type, the freedom of design of power distribution of the Signal light (S 1 ) in the longitudinal direction of the optical transmission fiber  1002  can be increased. For example, the longitudinal direction power distribution of the Signal light (S 1 ), in addition to the amplified band, desired gain, and gain flatness of the Signal light (S 1 ) to be amplified, can be adjusted based on the wavelengths, numbers, bands, and powers of the respective pumping light sources  12 A and  12 B and incoherent light sources  11 A and  11 B in each of the light source units  10 HAA and  10 HBA. Furthermore, in the Raman amplifying system  100 J, the Second-order pumping Light that Raman-amplifies the incoherent light beams IL input from the front is not limited to the Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL) introduced from the back, and the second Second-order pumping Light beams (SPL 2 ) input from the front may Raman-amplify the Incoherent Light beams (IL) input from the front. Which Second-order pumping light is to Raman-amplify which incoherent light depends on the design of the system. Moreover, according to the Raman amplification light source system  10 J, the Raman amplifying system  100 J can operate not only as a Second-order pumping system but also as a Third or higher order pumping system similar to the Raman amplifying system  100 E. 
     In the above described embodiments, the plural incoherent light sources  11 ,  11 A, or  11 B may include, as illustrated in part (a) in  FIG.  14   , an incoherent light source  11 C that includes multistage-connected SOAs  11   a  and outputs incoherent light beams IL or IL 2 , or may include, as illustrated in part (b) in  FIG.  14   , an incoherent light source  11 D that includes an SLD  11   b  and an SOA  11   a , optically amplifies incoherent light output from the SLD  11   b  with the SOA  11   a , and outputs the amplified incoherent light as incoherent light beams IL or IL 2 . Thereby, the power of the incoherent light beams IL or IL 2  can be increased. 
     Further, it should be noted that the present disclosure is not limited by the above described embodiments. Those configured by combination of respective components described above as appropriate are also included in the present disclosure. Moreover, further effects and modifications can be derived easily by those skilled in the art. Therefore, wider aspects of the present disclosure are not limited to the above described embodiments, and various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 
     The present disclosure has an effect of realizing a light source for Raman amplification, a light source system for Raman amplification, a Raman amplifier, and a Raman amplifying system, which are able to simultaneously fulfill the above-described four needs. 
     Although the disclosure has been described with respect to specific embodiments for a complete and clear disclosure, the appended claims are not to be thus limited but are to be construed as embodying all modifications and alternative constructions that may occur to one skilled in the art that fairly fall within the basic teaching herein set forth.