Patent Publication Number: US-2021183258-A1

Title: System and Method to Switch SVS Mode Based on Trigger

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     The traditional synthetic vision system (SVS) scenery, which is used as a background for a primary flight display, provides an egocentric view of an area in front of an aircraft. This provides a relatively narrow field of view which is sufficient for take-off, flight, and landing operations; however, this view is not ideal for taxiing to a takeoff point on a runway. 
     SUMMARY 
     In one aspect, embodiments of the inventive concepts disclosed herein are directed to a system. The system may include a display and a processor communicatively coupled to the display. The processor may be configured to: output, to the display, a synthetic vision system (SVS) taxi mode exocentric view of an aircraft when the aircraft is performing taxi operations and when the aircraft is on ground; receive a trigger to switch the output of the SVS taxi mode exocentric view to an SVS flight mode egocentric view from the aircraft; and switch the output of the SVS taxi mode exocentric view to output, to the display, the SVS flight mode egocentric view when the aircraft is performing taxi operations and when the aircraft is on ground based at least on the trigger to switch from the SVS taxi mode exocentric view to the SVS flight mode egocentric view. The display may be configured to: display the SVS taxi mode exocentric view when the aircraft is performing taxi operations and when the aircraft is on ground; and display the SVS flight mode egocentric view based at least on the trigger to switch from the SVS taxi mode exocentric view to the SVS flight mode egocentric view. 
     In a further aspect, embodiments of the inventive concepts disclosed herein are directed to a method. The method may include: outputting, to a display, a synthetic vision system (SVS) taxi mode exocentric view of an aircraft when the aircraft is performing taxi operations and when the aircraft is on ground; receiving a trigger to switch the output of the SVS taxi mode exocentric view to an SVS flight mode egocentric view from the aircraft; switching the output of the SVS taxi mode exocentric view to output, to the display, the SVS flight mode egocentric view when the aircraft is performing taxi operations and when the aircraft is on ground based at least on the trigger to switch from the SVS taxi mode exocentric view to the SVS flight mode egocentric view; displaying the SVS taxi mode exocentric view when the aircraft is performing taxi operations and when the aircraft is on ground; and displaying the SVS flight mode egocentric view based at least on the trigger to switch from the SVS taxi mode exocentric view to the SVS flight mode egocentric view. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Implementations of the inventive concepts disclosed herein may be better understood when consideration is given to the following detailed description thereof. Such description makes reference to the included drawings, which are not necessarily to scale, and in which some features may be exaggerated and some features may be omitted or may be represented schematically in the interest of clarity. Like reference numerals in the drawings may represent and refer to the same or similar element, feature, or function. In the drawings: 
         FIG. 1  is a view of an exemplary embodiment of an SVS flight mode egocentric view according to the inventive concepts disclosed herein. 
         FIG. 2  is a view of an exemplary embodiment of an SVS taxi mode exocentric view according to the inventive concepts disclosed herein. 
         FIG. 3  is a view of an exemplary embodiment of a system according to the inventive concepts disclosed herein. 
         FIG. 4  is a view of an exemplary embodiment of a display unit computing device of the system of  FIG. 3  according to the inventive concepts disclosed herein. 
         FIG. 5  is a view of an exemplary embodiment of a computing device of the system of  FIG. 3  according to the inventive concepts disclosed herein. 
         FIG. 6  is a diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the inventive concepts disclosed herein. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Before explaining at least one embodiment of the inventive concepts disclosed herein in detail, it is to be understood that the inventive concepts are not limited in their application to the details of construction and the arrangement of the components or steps or methodologies set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. In the following detailed description of embodiments of the instant inventive concepts, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the inventive concepts. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the instant disclosure that the inventive concepts disclosed herein may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known features may not be described in detail to avoid unnecessarily complicating the instant disclosure. The inventive concepts disclosed herein are capable of other embodiments or of being practiced or carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. 
     As used herein a letter following a reference numeral is intended to reference an embodiment of the feature or element that may be similar, but not necessarily identical, to a previously described element or feature bearing the same reference numeral (e.g.,  1 ,  1   a ,  1   b ). Such shorthand notations are used for purposes of convenience only, and should not be construed to limit the inventive concepts disclosed herein in any way unless expressly stated to the contrary. 
     Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, or refers to an inclusive or and not to an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by anyone of the following: A is true (or present) and Bis false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and Bis true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present). 
     In addition, use of the “a” or “an” are employed to describe elements and components of embodiments of the instant inventive concepts. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the inventive concepts, and “a” and “an” are intended to include one or at least one and the singular also includes the plural unless it is obvious that it is meant otherwise. 
     Finally, as used herein any reference to “one embodiment,” or “some embodiments” means that a particular element, feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the inventive concepts disclosed herein. The appearances of the phrase “in some embodiments” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, and embodiments of the inventive concepts disclosed may include one or more of the features expressly described or inherently present herein, or any combination of sub-combination of two or more such features, along with any other features which may not necessarily be expressly described or inherently present in the instant disclosure. 
     Broadly, embodiments of the inventive concepts disclosed herein may be directed to a system and a method configured to display an SVS taxi mode exocentric view when an aircraft is performing taxi operations and when the aircraft is on ground and to display an SVS flight mode egocentric view based at least on a trigger to switch from the SVS taxi mode exocentric view to the SVS flight mode egocentric view. Some embodiments may include switching from an SVS flight mode egocentric view to an SVS taxi mode exocentric view based at least on a trigger. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 1 , an exemplary embodiment of an SVS flight mode egocentric view  102  according to the inventive concepts disclosed herein is depicted. The SVS flight mode egocentric view  102  may be used as a background for a primary flight display (PFD) (e.g.,  306  or  402 ) providing an egocentric view of the area in front of the aircraft (e.g.,  300 ). The SVS flight mode egocentric view  102  may provide a relatively narrow (e.g., as compared to an SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202 ) field of view, which may be sufficient for take-off, flight, and landing operations. The SVS flight mode egocentric view  102  may be used during an SVS flight mode. The SVS flight mode egocentric view  102  may include primary flight display symbology overlaid on the SVS flight mode egocentric view  102 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2 , an exemplary embodiment of an SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  according to the inventive concepts disclosed herein is depicted. The SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  may provide a wider field of view than the SVS flight mode egocentric view  102  for use during taxi operations. The SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  may be used during an SVS taxi mode. The SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  may improve support for taxi operations. The SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  may provide an exocentric view of an area surrounding the aircraft (e.g.,  300 ). The eye-point of the synthetic imagery for the SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  may be above and behind the aircraft. The SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  may expand the field of view of the synthetic scenery. The location of the aircraft (e.g.,  300 ) within this scene may be represented by an aircraft depiction (e.g., an aircraft outline). For example, the aircraft outline may be projected onto the ground in the synthetic scene with the aircraft within the outline shown as transparent, solid, or translucent. 
     The SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  may declutter much of the PFD symbology to emphasize the synthetic view of the world around the aircraft (e.g.,  300 ) such that the SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  may have less of the PFD symbology overlaid on the SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  than the SVS flight mode egocentric view  102 . Because of the decluttering of PFD symbology, the SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  should only be used for taxi operations. The PFD should return to the SVS flight mode egocentric view  102  before or as the aircraft (e.g.,  300 ) begins a take-off run. The PFD may have logic to determine when automatic transitions between Flight Mode and Taxi Mode may occur. This ensures the PFD is returned to a proper configuration prior to take-off. 
     A PFD format control performed by at least one processor (e.g., at least one processor  404  and/or at least one processor  502 ) onboard the aircraft may provide the means to enable or disable SVS taxi mode operations (e.g., via a configuration selection of “Auto” or “Off”). The Auto selection may allow the PFD logic to determine when the PFD may show the SVS flight mode egocentric view  102  or the SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202 . The Off selection may ensure that the SVS flight mode egocentric view  102  is always presented during taxi operations (within the logic that determines when SVS is operational or in a fault state). The flight crew may manually configure the PFD to SVS Taxi Mode Auto/Off via a menu selection on the PFD, via independent hardware or software control panels, or other user interfaces (e.g., an eye tracking user interface or a voice recognition system). The user interface for configuring SVS Taxi Mode Auto/Off may be designed to be selected once per flight during a normal start up routine, may be available at all times for crew selection at any time through duration of a flight, and/or may maintain a state from a previous flight where the last selection was made. 
     In some embodiments, the crew may select SVS Taxi Mode to Auto during a pre-flight checklist. From this point forward, the system may decide when to present the SVS Taxi Mode or the SVS Flight Mode. The SVS may be in Taxi Mode from the time the aircraft leaves the ramp or gate until beginning a take-off run. However, typically, there are at least two points in the taxi operation when the crew should verify the integrity of PFD symbology that may be decluttered during SVS Taxi Mode operations. Thus, it would be desired for the PFD to transition (e.g., automatically transition) from SVS Taxi Mode into SVS Flight Mode so that the crew can complete the operational checks of the PFD and then return to SVS Taxi Mode. Typically, these operational checks only take a few seconds and occur during periods of high crew workload. Using the normal means of changing the PFD configuration between SVS Taxi Mode Auto/Off may be undesirable in these conditions. 
     Some embodiments may utilize a trigger  312  (e.g., an automated trigger), as shown in  FIG. 3 , that causes the PFD image to change (e.g., momentarily change) from the SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  to the SVS flight mode egocentric view  102  when the trigger  312  is initiated and then returns the PFD image to the SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  when the trigger  312  is complete. For example, the trigger  312  may be initiated based on crew operations, aircraft taxiing operations (e.g., a first hard turn while taxiing), a location (e.g., a distance from a power-on location), and/or when a checklist and/or checklist item is started. For example, the trigger  312  may be complete upon completion of the checklist, completion of the checklist item, completion of the crew operation, completion of the aircraft taxiing operation, arrival at a subsequent location, and/or after a duration of time from the trigger initiation. For example, the trigger  312  may be an instruction sent and/or generated by a computing device of the system to the PFD. Once the trigger  312  is complete or upon receipt of a second trigger, the PFD image may change back to the SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202 . In some embodiments, the trigger  312  may not alter the configuration of the PFD format selection. For example, the PFD may remain in the SVS Taxi Mode Auto configuration during the trigger  312 . 
     Checklists are pilot tools used to support flight crew airmanship and memory to manage normal and non-normal aircraft system operations, either electronically or on paper. Checklists, often generated by original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), provide a precise sequence of action steps that have an importance that may not be obvious. On aircraft with electronic checklists, specific checklists may be automatically initiated based on flight phase or flight deck messaging. Checklist items completed by the crew may be automatically sensed by the system and visually altered on the display to represent completed or “checked”. 
     Some embodiments utilize automatically generated system triggers  312  based on the completion of electronic checklists to change the SVS image provided on the PFD, for example, based at least on the initiation of a specific electronic checklist or of a specific electronic checklist item, which can limit the need for the crew to complete additional steps while working towards completion of the items on the electronic checklist. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 3-5 , an exemplary embodiment of a system according to the inventive concepts disclosed herein is depicted. In some embodiments, the system may include the aircraft  300 , which may include at least one user  302 , at least one user interface  304 , at least one display unit computing device  306 , sensors  308 , at least one computing device  310 , and/or at least one trigger  312 , some or all of which may be communicatively coupled at any given time. In some embodiments, the at least one display unit computing device  306  and/or the at least one computing device  310  may be implemented as a single computing device or any number of computing devices configured to perform any or all of the operations disclosed throughout. In some embodiments, the trigger  312  may be generated by one or more of the display unit computing device  306 , the computing device  310 , or another computing device (which may include elements and functionality similar to computing device  310 ) of the system. 
     The user  302  may be a pilot or crew member. The user  302  may be configured to interface with the system via the at least one user interface  304 , for example, to select SVS taxi mode to be Auto or Off, to perform crew operations, perform aircraft operations, complete an electronic checklist(s), and/or complete an electronic checklist item(s). The at least one user interface  304  may be implemented as any suitable user interlace, such as a touchscreen (e.g., of the display unit computing device  306  and/or another display unit), a multipurpose control panel, a cursor control panel, a keyboard, a mouse, a trackpad, a button, a switch, an eye tracking system, and/or a voice recognition system. The user interface  304  may be configured to receive a user selection and to output the user selection to a computing device (e.g., the display unit computing device  306 ). For example, a pilot of the aircraft  300  may be able to make an auto or off selection for an SVS taxi mode, wherein the auto selection of the SVS taxi mode enables at least one processor to automatically transition between the SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  and the SVS flight mode egocentric view  102 , wherein the off selection of the SVS taxi mode enables the at least one processor to only output the SVS flight mode egocentric view  102 . In some embodiments, where the trigger is initiated by a user action, the user  304  may initiate the trigger by interfacing with a button or toggle switch (e.g., to initiate an electronic checklist), by interfacing with a cursor control panel providing access to a display icon of the display unit  306  or another display, by interfacing with a touchscreen display icon of the display unit  306 . 
     The display unit computing device  306  may be implemented as any suitable computing device, such as a PFD computing device. As shown in  FIG. 4 , the display unit computing device  306  may include at least one display  402 , at least one processor  404 , at least one memory  406 , and/or storage  410 , some or all of which may be communicatively coupled at any given time. For example, the at least one processor  404  may include at least one central processing unit (CPU), at least one graphics processing unit (GPU), at least one field-programmable gate array (FPGA), at least one application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), at least one digital signal processor, at least one virtual machine (VM) running on at least one processor, and/or the like configured to perform (e.g., collectively perform) any of the operations disclosed throughout. For example, the at least one processor  404  may include a CPU and a GPU configured to perform (e.g., collectively perform) any of the operations disclosed throughout. The processor  404  may be configured to run various software applications (e.g., a PFD application  408 ) or computer code stored (e.g., maintained) in a non-transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., memory  406  and/or storage  410 ) and configured to execute various instructions or operations. The processor  404  may be configured to perform any or all of the operations disclosed throughout. For example, the processor  404  may be configured to: output, to the at least one display  402 , an SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  of an aircraft  300  when the aircraft  300  is performing taxi operations and when the aircraft  300  is on ground; receive a trigger to switch the output of the SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  to an SVS flight mode egocentric view  102  from the aircraft  300 ; switch the output of the SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  to output, to the at least one display  402 , the SVS flight mode egocentric view  102  when the aircraft  300  is performing taxi operations and when the aircraft  300  is on ground based at least on the trigger to switch from the SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  to the SVS flight mode egocentric view  102 ; and/or switch the output of the SVS flight mode egocentric view back to the SVS taxi mode exocentric view once the duration of the user input is complete or upon receipt of a second trigger. The display  402  may be configured to: display the SVS tax mode exocentric view  202  when the aircraft is performing taxi operations and when the aircraft is on ground; and/or display the SVS flight mode egocentric view  102  based at least on the trigger to switch from the SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  to the SVS flight mode egocentric view  102 , such as for a duration of the trigger. 
     The sensors  308  may be any suitable sensors, such as at least one global positioning system (GPS) sensor, at least one inertial reference system (IRS) sensor, and/or any other sensors commonly installed in aircraft. The sensors  308  may be configured to output sensor data (e.g., position, velocity, and/or attitude) to some or all of the computing devices (e.g.,  306  and/or  310 ). 
     The at least one computing device  310  may be implemented as any suitable computing device, such as an SVS computing device. As shown in  FIG. 5 , the computing device  310  may include at least one processor  502 , at least one memory  504 , and/or storage  506 , some or ail of which may be communicatively coupled at any given time. For example, the at least one processor  502  may include at least one central processing unit (CPU), at least one graphics processing unit (GPU), at least one field-programmable gate array (FPGA), at least one application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), at least one digital signal processor, at least one virtual machine (VM) running on at least one processor, and/or the like configured to perform (e.g., collectively perform) any of the operations disclosed throughout. For example, the at least one processor  502  may include a CPU and a CPU configured to perform (e.g., collectively perform) any of the operations disclosed throughout. The processor  502  may be configured to run various software applications (e.g., an SVS application) or computer code stored (e.g., maintained) in a non-transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., memory  504  and/or storage  506 ) and configured to execute various instructions or operations. The processor  502  of the computing device  310  may be configured to perform any or all of the operations disclosed throughout. For example, the processor  502  of the computing device  310  may be configured to: output, to the at least one display  402 , an SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  of an aircraft  300  when the aircraft  300  is performing taxi operations and when the aircraft  300  is on ground; switch the output of the SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  to output, to the at least one display  402 , the SVS flight mode egocentric view  102  when the aircraft  300  is performing taxi operations and when the aircraft  300  is on ground based at least on the trigger to switch from the SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  to the SVS flight mode egocentric view  102 ; and/or switch the output of the SVS flight mode egocentric view  102  back to the SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  once the duration of the trigger is complete. 
     For example, at least one processor (e.g., the at least one processor  404  and/or the at least one processor  502  of the at least one computing device  310 ) may be configured to: output, to the at least one display  402 , an SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  of an aircraft  300  when the aircraft  300  is performing taxi operations and when the aircraft  300  is on ground; receive a trigger to switch the output of the SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  to an SVS flight mode egocentric view  102  from the aircraft  300 ; switch the output of the SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  to output, to the at least one display  402 , the SVS flight mode egocentric view  102  when the aircraft  300  is performing taxi operations and when the aircraft  300  is on ground based at least on the trigger to switch from the SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  to the SVS flight mode egocentric view  102 ; and/or switch the output of the SVS flight mode egocentric view back to the SVS taxi mode exocentric view once the duration of the trigger is complete. 
     For example, the at least one processor  404  (e.g., at least one PFD processor) of the display unit computing device  306  may be configured to execute a PFD application  408 . The processor  404  may further be configured to: receive sensor  data from the sensors  308 ; receive an auto or off selection from the user interface  304  for an SVS taxi mode; output a scene selection to at least one SVS processor instructing the SVS processor to generate the SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  or the SVS flight mode egocentric view  102 ; and/or receive the SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  or the SVS flight mode egocentric view  102  from the at least one SVS processor. 
     For example, the at least one processor  502  (e.g., at least one SVS processor) of the computing device  310  (e.g., an SVS computing device) may be configured to execute an SVS application. The processor  502  (e.g., an SVS processor) may further be configured to: receive sensor data from the sensors  308 ; receive the scene selection from the at least one PFD processor  404 ; and/or output the SVS taxi mode exocentric view  202  or the SVS flight mode egocentric view  102  to the at least one PFD processor  404 . 
     At least one processor (e.g., the at least one processor  404  and/or the at least one processor  502 ) of the aircraft  300  may be configured to perform (e.g., collectively perform) any or all of the operations disclosed throughout. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 6 , an exemplary embodiment of a method  600  according to the inventive concepts disclosed herein may include one or more of the following steps. Additionally, for example, some embodiments may include performing one or more instances of the method  600  iteratively, concurrently, and/or sequentially. Additionally, for example, at least some of the steps of the method  600  may be performed in parallel and/or concurrently. Additionally, in some embodiments, at least some of the steps of the method  600  may be performed non-sequentially. 
     A step  602  may include outputting, to at least one display, a synthetic vision system (SVS) taxi mode exocentric view of an aircraft when the aircraft is performing taxi operations and when the aircraft is on ground. 
     A step  604  may include receiving a trigger to switch the output of the SVS taxi mode exocentric view to an SVS flight mode egocentric view from the aircraft. 
     A step  606  may include switching the output of the SVS taxi mode exocentric view to output, to the at least one display, the SVS flight mode egocentric view when the aircraft is performing taxi operations and when the aircraft is on ground based at least on the trigger to switch from the SVS taxi mode exocentric view to the SVS flight mode egocentric view. 
     A step  608  may include displaying the SVS taxi mode exocentric view when the aircraft is performing taxi operations and when the aircraft is on ground. 
     A step  610  may include displaying the SVS flight mode egocentric view based at least on the trigger to switch from the SVS taxi mode exocentric view to the SVS flight mode egocentric view. 
     Further, the method  600  may include any of the operations disclosed throughout. 
     As will be appreciated from the above, embodiments of the inventive concepts disclosed herein may be directed to a system and a method configured to display an SVS taxi mode exocentric view when an aircraft is performing taxi operations and when the aircraft is on ground and to display an SVS flight mode egocentric view based at least on a trigger to switch from the SVS taxi mode exocentric view to the SVS flight mode egocentric view. 
     As used throughout and as would be appreciated by those skilled in the art, “at least one non-transitory computer-readable, medium” may refer to as at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., memory  406 , memory  504 , storage  410 , and/or storage  506 ; e.g., at least one computer-readable medium implemented as hardware; e.g., at least one nota-transitory processor-readable medium, at least one memory (e.g., at least one nonvolatile memory, at least one volatile memory, or a combination thereof; e.g., at least one random-access memory, at least one flash memory, at least one read-only memory (ROM) (e.g., at least one electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)), at least one on-processor memory (e.g., at least one on-processor cache, at least one on-processor buffer, at least one on-processor flash memory, at least one on-processor EEPROM, or a combination thereof), or a combination thereof), at least one storage device (e.g., at least one hard-disk drive, at least one tape drive, at least one solid-state drive, at least one flash drive, at least one readable and/or writable, disk of at least one optical drive configured to read from and/or write to the at least one readable and/or writable disk, or a combination thereof), or a combination thereof). 
     As used throughout, “at least one” means one or a plurality of; for example, “at least one” may comprise one, two, three, . . . , one hundred, or more. Similarly, as used throughout, “one or more” means one or a plurality of; for example, “one or more” may comprise one, two, three, . . . , one hundred, or more. Further, as used throughout, “zero or more” means zero, one, or a plurality of; for example, “zero or more” may comprise zero, one, two, three, . . . , one hundred, or more. 
     In the present disclosure, the methods, operations, and/or functionality disclosed may be implemented as sets of instructions or software readable by a device. Further, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods, operations, and/or functionality disclosed are examples of exemplary approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods, operations, and/or functionality can be rearranged while remaining within the scope of the inventive concepts disclosed herein. The accompanying claims may present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not necessarily meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented. 
     It is to be understood that embodiments of the methods according to the inventive concepts disclosed herein may include one or more of the steps described herein. Further, such steps may be carried out in any desired order and two or more of the steps may be carried out simultaneously with one another. Two or more of the steps disclosed herein may be combined in a single step, and in some embodiments, one or more of the steps may be carried out as two or more sub-steps. Further, other steps or sub-steps may be carried in addition to, or as substitutes to one or more of the steps disclosed herein. 
     From the above description, it is clear that the inventive concepts disclosed herein are well adapted to carry out the objects and to attain the advantages mentioned herein as well as those inherent in the inventive concepts disclosed herein. While presently preferred embodiments of the inventive concepts disclosed herein have been described for purposes of this disclosure, it will be understood that numerous changes may be made which will readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art and which are accomplished within the broad scope and coverage of the inventive concepts disclosed and claimed herein.