Patent Publication Number: US-2021191806-A1

Title: Feedback signaling error detection and checking in mimo wireless communication systems

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/678,560, filed Apr. 3, 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/196,843, filed Mar. 4, 2014; which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,048,998 on Jun. 2, 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/922,833, filed Jun. 20, 2013; which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,707,129 on Apr. 22, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/437,343, filed Apr. 2, 2012; which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,572,461 on Oct. 29, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/112,636, filed Apr. 30, 2008; which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,171,372 on May 1, 2012, which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application No. 60/915,040, filed Apr. 30, 2007, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This application is related to wireless communications. 
     BACKGROUND 
     A goal of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) program is to develop new technology, new architecture and new methods for settings and configurations in wireless communication systems in order to improve spectral efficiency, reduce latency and better utilize the radio resource to bring faster user experiences and richer applications and services to users with lower costs. 
     Wireless communication systems usually require feedback signaling to enable uplink and downlink communications. For example, hybrid automatic retransmission request (HARQ) enablement requires acknowledge/non-acknowledge (ACK/NACK) feedback. Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) requires channel quality index (CQI) feedback from a receiver. Multiple Input/Multiple Output (MIMO) systems or precoding requires rank and/or precoding matrix Index (PMI) feedback from a receiver. Typically, this type of feedback signaling is protected by coding and the signaling does not have error checking or detection capabilities. However, efficient signaling is essential to an evolved universal mobile telephone system (UMTS) terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN). Adding error check (EC) and error detection capability to the feedback control signaling makes more advanced applications possible. Error check (EC) and error detection capability can enable advanced signaling schemes, enhanced MIMO link performance, reduced system overhead, and increased system capacity. 
     An example of an application that may require error detection and checking capability for feedback control signaling is the preceding information validation. The precoding information validation is used to inform a WTRU about the precoding information that is used at an e Node B so that the effective channel seen by the WTRU that contains precoding effects can be reconstructed by the WTRU. This is required for accurate data detection for MIMO systems using precoding, beam forming or the like. 
     A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may feedback a precoding matrix index (PMI) or antenna weight to a base station (BS) or an e Node B (eNB). To inform a WTRU of the precoding matrices used at an eNB, the eNB may send a validation message to the WTRU. Each matrix that the WTRU signals as feedback to the eNB may be denoted by PMI_j1, PMI_j2 . . . PMI_jN, where N is a integer value equal to the total number of matrices. The eNB may send a validation message containing information about N PMIs denoted by PMI_k1, PMI_k2 . . . PMI_kN to the WTRU. 
     Each PMI may be represented by L bits. The value of L depends upon the multiple input/multiple output (MIMO) antenna configuration and codebook sizes. 
     Communication resources may be assigned to a WTRU. A resource block (RB) consists of M subcarriers, for example M=12, where M is a positive integer. A resource block group (RBG) or sub-band may include N_RB RBs, where N_RB may equal, for example, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 25 or larger. A system bandwidth can have one or more RBGs or sub-bands depending on the size of bandwidth and value of N_RB per RBG or sub-band. 
     A WTRU may feed back one PMI for each RBG or sub-band that is configured to it. The terms RBG and sub-band may be used interchangeably. N RBGs, where N.ltoreq.N_RBG, can be configured to or selected by a WTRU for feedback and reporting purpose. If N RBGs or sub-bands are configured to or selected by a WTRU, then the WTRU feeds back N PMIs to the eNB. The eNB may send the validation message consisting of N PMIs back to the WTRU. 
     Let N_PMI be a number of bits that represents a PMI. The total number of bits for the WTRU PMI feedback is N.times.N_PMI. The maximum number of bits for WTRU PMI feedback is N_RBG.times.N_PMI bits per feedback instance. When a straightforward precoding validation scheme is used, the maximum number of bits for PMI validation message is N_RBG.times.N_PMI bits per validation message. 
     Table 1 shows a number of bits for WTRU PMI feedback and signaling with the assumption that N_PMI=5 bits. The numbers are summarized for 5, 10 and 20 MHz bandwidth. The second row, N_RB, is the number of RBs per RBG or sub-band, which is in a range of 2 to 100 for 20 MHz. The third row, N_RBG per band, is the number of RBGs or sub-bands per 5, 10 or 20 MHz. The value of N_RBG is in a range from one to fifty. The fourth row is the total number of bits used for WTRU PMI feedback signaling per feedback instance. This is for frequency selective precoding feedback or multiple PMI feedback 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 5 MHz 
                 10 MHz 
                 20 MHz 
               
               
                   
                 (300 subcarriers) 
                 (600 subcarriers) 
                 (1200 subcarriers) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 N_RB per RBG 
                 2 
                 5 
                 10 
                 25 
                 2 
                 5 
                 10 
                 25 
                 50 
                 2 
                 5 
                 10 
                 25 
                 50 
                 100 
               
               
                 N_RBG per band 
                 13 
                 5 
                 3 
                 1 
                 25 
                 10 
                 5 
                 2 
                 1 
                 50 
                 20 
                 10 
                 4 
                 2 
                 1 
               
               
                 Max # of bits for 
                 65 
                 25 
                 15 
                 5 
                 125 
                 50 
                 25 
                 10 
                 5 
                 250 
                 100 
                 50 
                 20 
                 10 
                 5 
               
               
                 PMI feedback 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 per feedback 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Max # of 
                 65 
                 25 
                 15 
                 5 
                 125 
                 50 
                 25 
                 10 
                 5 
                 250 
                 100 
                 50 
                 20 
                 10 
                 5 
               
               
                 bits for PMI 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 signaling per 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 message 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Assume 12 subcarriers per RB. 
               
               
                   
                 N_RB: Number of resource blocks. 
               
               
                   
                 N_RBG: Number of frequency RB groups. 
               
               
                   
                 N_PMI: Number of bits to represent a PMI. 
               
               
                   
                 Max number of bits for WTRU PMI feedback = N_RBG × N_PMI bits. 
               
               
                   
                 Max number of bits for eNB validation message = N_RBG × N_PMI bits. 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     PMI feedback and PMI validation may require over 250 bits per feedback instance and per validation message as shown in the above table. 
     Feedback error significantly degrades the link and system performance. It would be desirable for feedback bits to be protected with error checking (e.g., channel coding). Furthermore, knowing whether there is an error in a feedback signal improves system performance such as link performance, because the erroneous feedback information can be avoided. Furthermore, knowing whether there is error in the feedback signaling enables the use of advanced signaling schemes or applications such as the precoding confirmation and indication schemes. Precoding confirmation can be sent to confirm the correctness of feedback signaling if there is no error in the feedback signaling. 
     A single bit or bit sequence may be used for precoding confirmation and may be sufficient for some applications. The use of advanced signaling such as precoding validation using confirmation significantly reduces the signaling overhead. Therefore error checking and detection is desirable. 
     SUMMARY 
     Disclosed is a method and apparatus for feedback type signaling error check, detection, protection and feedback in a wireless communication system. Feedback type signaling may include channel quality index (CQI), precoding matrix index (PMI), rank and/or acknowledge/non-acknowledge (ACK/NACK). The disclosure includes a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) performing a method that includes providing a PMI(s), producing error check (EC) bit(s), coding the PMI(s) and the EC bit(s), and transmitting the coded PMI(s) and EC bit(s). The method may be applied to other feedback information, such as CQI, rank, ACK/NACK and the like. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       A more detailed understanding may be had from the following description, given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein: 
         FIG. 1  shows a wireless communication system including a plurality of WTRUs and an eNB; 
         FIG. 2  is a functional block diagram of the WTRU and the eNB of the wireless communication system of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of PMI feedback with error checking and correction in accordance with one embodiment; 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram of PMI feedback with error checking and correction in accordance with another embodiment; 
         FIG. 5  is a block diagram of PMI feedback with error checking and correction in accordance with an alternative embodiment; 
         FIG. 6  is a block diagram of PMI feedback with error checking and correction in accordance with another alternative embodiment; 
         FIG. 7  is a block diagram of PMI feedback with error checking and correction in accordance with yet another alternative embodiment; 
         FIG. 8  is a block diagram of PMI feedback with error checking and correction in accordance with yet another alternative embodiment; 
         FIG. 9  is a block diagram of PMI and CQI feedback with error checking and correction in accordance with yet another alternative embodiment; 
         FIG. 10  is a block diagram of PMI and CQI feedback with error checking and correction in accordance with yet another alternative embodiment; 
         FIG. 11  is a block diagram of PMI, CQI and ACK/NACK feedback with error checking and correction in accordance with yet another embodiment; and 
         FIG. 12  is a block diagram of PMI, CQI and ACK/NACK feedback with error checking and correction in accordance with yet another embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     When referred to hereafter, the terminology “wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU)” includes but is not limited to a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a computer, or any other type of user device capable of operating in a wireless environment. When referred to hereafter, the terminology “base station” includes but is not limited to a Node-B, a site controller, an access point (AP), or any other type of interfacing device capable of operating in a wireless environment. 
       FIG. 1  shows a wireless communication system  100  including a plurality of WTRUs  110  and an eNB  120 . As shown in  FIG. 1 , the WTRUs  110  are in communication with the eNB  120 . Although three WTRUs  110  and one eNB  120  are shown in  FIG. 1 , it should be noted that any combination of wireless and wired devices may be included in the wireless communication system  100 . 
       FIG. 2  is a functional block diagram  200  of the WTRU  110  and the eNB  120  of the wireless communication system  100  of  FIG. 1 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , the WTRU  110  is in communication with the eNB  120 . The WTRU  110  is configured to transmit feedback signals and control signals to the eNB  120 . The WTRU is also configured to receive and transmit feedback and control signals from and to the eNB. Both the eNB and the WTRU are configured to process signals that are modulated and coded. 
     In addition to the components that may be found in a typical WTRU, the WTRU  110  includes a processor  215 , a receiver  216 , a transmitter  217 , and an antenna  218 . The receiver  216  and the transmitter  217  are in communication with the processor  215 . The antenna  218  is in communication with both the receiver  216  and the transmitter  217  to facilitate the transmission and reception of wireless data. 
     In addition to the components that may be found in a typical eNB, the eNB  120  includes a processor  225 , a receiver  226 , a transmitter  227 , and an antenna  228 . The receiver  226  and the transmitter  227  are in communication with the processor  225 . The antenna  228  is in communication with both the receiver  226  and the transmitter  227  to facilitate the transmission and reception of wireless data. 
     A WTRU may transmit a feedback signal (e.g., PMI feedback) to an eNB. Error check (EC) (e.g., Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)) bits may be attached to the feedback signal (e.g., PMI feedback). Both the feedback signal (e.g., PMI) and the EC bits may be encoded prior to transmission. The feedback signal may include PMI, CQI, rank, ACK/NACK or other type feedback signal. While this disclosure makes reference to a PMI bit, CQI bit, EC bit and the like, one skilled in the art may recognize that PMI feedback, CQI feedback and error checking and correction may be, and in most cases is multiple bits. Although feedback signals such as PMI or CQI are used as examples other type feedback signals may also be used. 
     Different type channels may be used for transmitting and carrying the feedback type signal. For example, both control type channels and data type channels may be used to carry the feedback type signal. An example of a control type channel is the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). An example of a data type channel is the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). However, one skilled in art will recognize that the method and apparatus disclosed herein are independent of channel choice. 
     The PMI and EC bits may be coded together, with or without data bits. Both data type channels and control type channels may be used to transmit the feedback signal and EC bits. For example a data type channel (e.g., the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)) may be used to transmit PMI and EC bits. A control type channel (e.g., the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)) may also be used to transmit PMI and EC bits. 
     Alternatively, PMI and EC bits may be coded with a first coding scheme and data bits may be coded with a second coding scheme. Each of the coding schemes may be different. For example, convolutional coding or Reed-Muller coding may be used for the feedback type signal and turbo coding is used for the data type signal. Alternatively, the coding schemes may be the same, but with different parameters and settings to address different error rate requirements for feedback type signal and data type signal. The data type channel (e.g., PUSCH) may be used to transmit PMI and EC bits. The control type channel (e.g., PUCCH) may also be used to transmit PMI and EC bits. 
     PMI and EC bits may be separately coded for each group, if grouping is used for feedback type signaling. 
     All the PMI and/or EC bits may be fed back or reported at the same time. For example, all the PMI and/or EC bits may be reported in a same transmission time interval (TTI). Alternatively, the feedback type bits and the error checking bits may be reported at a different time. For example, PMI and/or EC bits may be split into groups and reported in different TTIs. 
     Error checking and detection methods such as cyclic redundancy check (CRC), for example, may be used. If CRC is used, it may be, for example, 24-bit CRC or 16-bit CRC. The length of the CRC may be varied, and the actual length used may depend on design choices. 
     CRC bits may be attached to feedback type signals and transmitted on a data type channel to carry the feedback type signal bits and CRC bits. The feedback type signals may be, for example, PMI, CQI, rank or ACK/NACK. The data type channel may be, for example, a PUSCH. A data type channel has a large capacity and can accommodate a relatively large number of bits. Therefore, the CRC can be, for example, 24-bit CRC, 16-bit CRC or some other length CRC. Long CRC may be used, and is preferable as it provides for better error checking. While this may add additional overhead due to the addition of CRC bits, the PUSCH may have the capacity to handle the larger number of bits. Using a data channel, such as PUSCH, allows for the transmission of feedback signals such as PMI, CQI, rank and ACK/NACK in a single TTI. Therefore, a feedback type signal with a long CRC that provides better error check capability can be implemented. 
     Alternatively, CRC bits may be attached to feedback type signals and transmitted on a control type channel. The CRC can be a 24-bit CRC, 16-bit CRC or other length CRC. Typically, control type channels may not have large capacity to carry a large number of bits. In order to transmit CRC bits and the feedback type signals, the transmission may be split and transmitted multiple times. The PMI feedback signal may be split, and transmitted in multiple TTIs. For example, one PMI may be transmitted in each TTI until all the feedback signals are transmitted. CQI or other feedback signals can be handled in a similar way. 
     PMI, CQI and/or other feedback type signals can be transmitted separately at different times or in different TTIs. In general, a control type channel (e.g. PUCCH) may not carry large number of bits each time and if there are large number of feedback bits needed to be sent, the feedback bits can be divided or split into groups. Each group may be reported, one at a time. Each feedback instance may contain a single PMI, CQI, other feedback signal, or combination of feedback signals. The CRC can be fed back or transmitted at the same time (in the same TTI) as PMI, CQI or other feedback signals. Alternatively, the CRC can be fed back or transmitted separately from PMI, CQI or other feedback signals. That is, CRC can be transmitted at different times or in different TTIs from the times or TTIs that the PMI, CQI or other feedback signals are transmitted. CRC can also be divided into segments or groups, and each CRC segment may be transmitted or fed back with feedback signal at the same time or in the same TTI as the times or TTIs that the PMI, CQI or other feedback signal are transmitted. Each CRC segment can also be transmitted at different time or different TTI from the times or TTIs that the PMI, CQI or other feedback signal are transmitted. 
     Error checking or detection schemes may be used for different types of channels that transmits feedback signal. One error checking scheme (e.g., 24-bit or 16-bit CRC) may be used on a feedback type signal that is transmitted on a data type channel while another error checking scheme (single bit parity check, 5-bit or 16-bit CRC) may be used on feedback type signal transmitted on a control type channel. 
     In addition, error checking or detection schemes may be used for different type of feedback signals. One error checking scheme (24-bit or 16-bit CRC) may be used on one type of feedback signal (PMI) while another type of error check scheme (single bit parity check, 5-bit or 16-bit CRC) may be used on another type of feedback signal (CQI). 
     Many combinations error checking and detection schemes used for different types of feedback signals and/or for different types of channels that transmit different feedback signals are possible. For example, one error checking scheme may be used on one type feedback signal (PMI) transmitted on one type of channel (data type channel such as PUSCH). Another error checking scheme may be used on one type of feedback signal (PMI) transmitted on another type of channel (control type channel, such as PUCCH). Another error checking scheme may be used on another type of feedback signal (CQI) transmitted on one type of channel (data type channel such as PUSCH). Another error checking scheme may be used on another type of feedback signal (CQI) transmitted on another type channel (control type channel such as PUCCH). 
     Furthermore, error checking or detection schemes may be used for different groups of feedback signals. To emphasize a difference in importance of groups of feedback signals, a strong error checking scheme may be used for the most important feedback group, a moderate error checking scheme may be used for a feedback group of medium importance, and the least strong error checking scheme may be used for the least important feedback group. This can also be combined with different or same type feedback signals transmitted on different or same type channels as described previously. 
     Use of CRC attached to the feedback signal can apply to a single feedback signal such as one PMI and/or one CQI. Such single feedback scheme may be used when non-frequency selective feedback or wideband feedback (one feedback per entire bandwidth or per entire configured bandwidth) is used. 
     Other error check or detection methods such as parity check (including a single-bit parity check) or a block parity check, for example, may also be used. If the overhead needs to be minimized, a single bit parity check or short CRC such as 5-bit CRC may be used and attached to the feedback signal. The disclosure herein is not limited to any one particular error checking scheme, as would be recognized by one skilled in the art. 
     Coding schemes such as convolutional coding, Reed-Solomon or Reed-Muller coding, for example, may be used. Other coding schemes, for example, turbo coding and low density parity check (LDPC) code, may also be used. If the feedback is transmitted via a data type channel (e.g., physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)), convolutional or block coding may be suitable because the data type channel (e.g., PUSCH) allows transmission of a large number of bits. Reed-Muller or Reed-Solomon coding also may be suitable due to a moderate number of bits being coded by these coding schemes. If the feedback is transmitted via a control type channel (physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)), Reed-Muller or Reed-Solomon coding may be suitable because the control type channel (PUCCH) may not allow transmission of a large number of bits. The disclosure herein is not limited to any one particular coding scheme, as would be recognized by one skilled in the art. 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram  300  of PMI feedback with error checking and correction in accordance with one embodiment. Multiple PMIs configured as PMI_1  302 , PMI_2  304 , PMI_3  306  through PMI_N−1  308  and PMI_N  310  are shown in  FIG. 3 . EC bits  312  are attached to the PMI signal  316 . The EC bits  312  could be CRC bits of 24 bit length, 20 bit length or 16 bit length. Other lengths of CRC may also be used. PMI bits ( 302 - 310 ) and the EC bits  312  are encoded by a channel coding function  314  prior to transmission. The channel coding can be performed jointly for all PMIs and EC. The jointly encoded PMIs and EC can be transmitted at the same time or in the same TTI. The jointly encoded PMIs and EC can be transmitted at a different time or in different TTIs. Alternatively the channel coding can be performed separately for each PMI and the EC bits or for a group of PMIs and EC. The EC bits can be divided into segments and each EC bit segment can be separately channel encoded and transmitted. 
     For example if there are an integer number “N” PMIs, each PMI may be 4 bits and each EC may be 24 bits, using, for example, 24 bit CRC. The total number of bits is 4N+24 bits. The total number of bits can be jointly encoded using channel coding (e.g., Reed-Muller coding or convolutional coding). The encoded bits can be transmitted or fed back at one time in a single TTI. The total number of encoded bits can also be transmitted or fed back at several different time, or different TTIs. For example, the encoded bits may be transmitted an integer number “M” times in M different TTIs. Each TTI may transmit (4N+24)/M original information and CRC bits. The (4N+24)/M original information and CRC bits in each TTI may contain PMI bits and/or CRC bits. If the TTI contains a combination of PMI and CRC bits, then 4N/M PMI bits and 24/M CRC bits may be included in a single TTI. If M=N, 4 PMI bits and a fractional portion of the CRC bits may be transmitted in a single TTI. 
     Alternatively, a 24 bit CRC can be divided into 6 segments, each with 4 bits, which is the same number of bits as in a PMI. Each PMI and each CRC segment may be separately or jointly encoded and transmitted separately or jointly in a TTI. 
     The EC bits  312  can be a CRC, for example. The channel coding function  314  can be convolution coding, for example. Error checking and detection methods, such as a parity check, can also be used, and other channel coding methods, such as Reed-Muller coding or Reed-Solomon coding, for example, can also be used. 
     Each PMI may represent precoding information for a sub-band, an RBG, a group of sub-bands or a wideband. For example, PMI_1 can be a wideband PMI (“average” precoding information for a whole band) and PMI_2 to PMI_N can be sub-band PMIs or averaged PMIs, each corresponding to a precoding information for a sub-band, and RBG, or a group of sub-bands. 
     Similarly CQI and other feedback type signals can be added with error check capability by attaching CRC, channel coded and transmitted as described previously. 
     PMI feedback signaling may be combined into groups with separate error checking for each group of PMIs. EC bits may be attached to each group of PMIs before channel coding. Different EC schemes may be used for different group of PMIs to emphasize the different importance of PMI groups. 
       FIG. 4  is a block diagram  400  of PMI feedback with error checking and correction in accordance with another embodiment, where PMI_1  402 , PMI_2  404  and PMI_3  406  are grouped together and a first error check EC(1)  408  is attached. PMI_4  410 , PMI_5  412  and PMI_6  414  are grouped together and are attached with EC(2)  416 . PMI_N−2  418 , PMI_N−1  420  and PMI_N  422  are grouped together and are attached with EC(G)  424 . PMI ( 402 - 406 ,  410 - 414 ,  418 - 422 ) and EC  408 ,  416 ,  424  are coded by channel coding function  426 . 
     As state above, the EC could be a CRC. An error checking, detection and correction method may be selected based on a total number of bits that are encoded. The EC may use, for example, a short or long CRC, a single parity bit or a block parity check bit. Other error checking, correction and detection methods, such as advanced parity checking, for example, may be used. Different or same EC schemes may be used for different group of PMIs to emphasize the different importance of PMI groups. Some ECs may use long CRC, some may use short CRC and some use other EC schemes (e.g., single bit parity check). For example EC(1) may be a 24-bit CRC while EC(2) may be a 16-bit CRC and EC(G) may be a 5-bit CRC. Any combination of EC schemes for PMI groups is possible. 
     The channel coding function may use, for example, convolutional coding or Reed-Solomon coding. Other channel coding methods, such as block coding, turbo coding or LDPC, for example, may also be used. 
     PMIs can be divided into several groups and groups of PMIs can be transmitted in different transmission time intervals (TTI). Groups of PMIs may also be transmitted in a single TTI. Each group may be reported after channel coding. This is referred to as frequency selective feedback and reporting of multiple PMIs. CQI, rank and ACK/NACK signals may also be fed back or reported on a frequency selective basis. 
     PMI_I  402 , PMI_2  404 , PMI_3  406  and EC(1)  408  may be reported in a single TTI, for example TTI(1). PMI_4  410 , PMI_5  412 , PMI_6  414  and EC(2)  416  may be reported in a second TTI, for example TTI(2). PMI_N−2  418 , PMI_N−1  420 , PMI_N  422  and EC(G)  424  may be reported in another TTI, for example TTI(G). 
     If the error detection or checking mechanism is disabled or if the error detection or checking capability is removed, there is no EC bit attachment. In that case, PMI group 1 (PMI_1  402 , PMI_2  404 , PMI_3  406 ) may be reported in TTI(1), PMI group 2 (PMI_4  410 , PMI_5  412 , PMI_6  414 ) may be reported in TTI(2) and PMI group G (PMI_N−2  418 , PMI_N−1  420 , PMI_N  422 ) may be reported in TTI(G). The reporting may occur with or without EC bits. 
       FIG. 5  is a block diagram of PMI feedback with error check and correction in accordance with an alternative embodiment. The error check bits EC(1)  508  are used for PMI_1  502 , PMI_2  504  and PMI_3  506 . The error check bits EC(2)  516  are used for PMI_4  510 , PMI_5  512  and PMI_6  514  and the error check bits EC(G)  528  are used for PMI_N−2  522 , PMI_N−1  524  and PMI_N  526 . The PMI bits and the EC bits are coded by channel coding function  540  prior to transmission. 
     In another alternative embodiment, the PMIs may be separated into groups, and each group has an associated error detection and check value. The feedback signaling and error check of each group are coded separately. The coded feedback bits and EC bits can be transmitted in the same TTI or in different TTIs. Each PMI group, with its associated EC, is coded individually. 
       FIG. 6  is a block diagram  600  of PMI feedback with error check and correction in accordance with the other alternative embodiment. PMIs are divided into G groups for error detection and/or correction. EC(1)  620  is attached to PMI_1  602 , PMI_2  604  and PMI_3  606 , EC(2)  622  is attached to PMI_4  608 , PMI_5  610  and PMI_6  612  and EC(N)  624  is attached to PMI_N−2  614 , PMI_N−1  616  and PMI_N  618 . PMI_1  602 , PMI_2  604  and PMI_3  606  and EC (1)  620  are encoded by a first channel coding function  630 . PMI_4  612 , PMI_5  614  and PMI_6  616 , along with EC(2)  622  are encoded by second channel coding function  640 . PMI_N−2  614 , PMI_N−1  616  and PMI_N  618 , along with EC(G)  824  are encoded by an Gth channel coding function  650 . Error checking, correction and detection methods may be chosen based on the number of bits requiring encoding. 
     The EC may use, for example, a CRC that may be, for example, 24 bits, 20 bits or 16 bits. The EC may also use a single parity bit or block parity check bits that have fewer bits than 16 bits. The EC may also use, for example, error checking and detection methods such as advanced parity check. 
     The channel coding functions  630 ,  640 ,  650  may use, for example, convolutional coding or Reed-Solomon coding. Other appropriate channel coding such as block coding, turbo coding or LDPC may also be used. 
     The EC bits can be divided into several groups, each group of EC bits can be fed back or reported at the same time or at different time. For example each group of EC bits can be fed back or reported in the same or different TTIs. Each group is reported after joint or separate channel coding for each group. 
     Each PMI group can be reported in a different TTI or together in the same TTI. Each group is reported after separate channel coding of groups. Also, other feedback signaling, such as CQI, rank, and ACK/NACK, for example, may be used. 
     PMI_1  602 , PMI_2  604 , PMI_3  606  and EC(1)  620  may be reported in TTI(1). PMI_4, PMI_5, PMI_6 and EC(2) may be reported in TTI(2), and PMI_N−2, PMI_N−1, PMI_N and EC(G) may be reported in TTI say TTI(G). 
     If the error detection or check mechanism is disabled or if error detection or check capability is removed, there may be no EC bits attachment. The PMI groups may then be reported without the EC bits. PMI group 1 (PMI_1  402 , PMI_2  404 , PMI_3  406 ) may be reported in a TTI(1), PMI group 2 (PMI_4  410 , PMI_5  412 , PMI_6  414 ) may be reported in TTI(2) and PMI group G (PMI_N−2  418 , PMI_N−1  420 , PMI_N  422 ) may be reported in TTI(G). Each reporting group may have separate channel coding. 
     When the number of PMI groups is equal to the number of PMIs (G=N), then there is one PMI per each PMI group. Each PMI may be attached with EC (e.g., CRC) bits and encoded separately. Each PMI may be reported at different times. PMI_1  702 , PMI_2  704  and PMI_N  706  may be reported in different TTIs. For example, PMI_1  702  may be reported in TTI(1), PMI_2  704  in TTI(2) and PMI_N  706  in TTI(N.). The feedback or reporting may occur via a control type channel (e.g., physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)). 
     Alternatively, PMI_1  704 , PMI_2  70 , PMI_N  706  may be reported at the same time. For example PMI_1  704  to PMI_N  706  may be reported in a single TTI. This may occur via the data type channel (e.g., PUSCH), due the ability of the data type channel (e.g., PUSCH) to handle more bits. Other feedback signals, such as CQI, rank, and ACK/NACK, for example, may be used with or instead of PMI. 
       FIG. 7  is a block diagram of PMI feedback with error checking and correction in accordance with yet another alternative embodiment. PMIs are divided into G groups for error check and detection, with G=N. PMI_1  702  is attached with error check bits EC(1)  712 , PMI_2  704  is attached with EC(2)  714  and PMI_N  706  are attached with EC(N)  716 . Each PMI/EC pair is encoded by the channel coding function  720 . Appropriate error checking, correction and error detection schemes may be used, and may depend on the number of bits required to be encoded. For example, a particular EC may use a CRC, for example, 24-bit CRC, short CRC, a single parity bit or block parity check bits. Channel coding may use Reed-Solomon coding, for example. Other appropriate error check and detection such as long CRC or other parity check schemes may be used. Other appropriate channel coding such as block coding, convolutional coding, turbo coding or LDPC may also be used. 
     Using frequency selective reporting, PMI_1  702  may be reported in TTI(1), PMI_2  704  in TTI(2) and PMI_N  706  in TTI(N). These PMIs may be reported via the control type channel (e.g., PUCCH). Alternatively, PMI_1 to PMI_N can be reported in a single TTI via the data type channel (e.g., PUSCH). Other feedback signaling, such as CQI, rank and ACK/NACK, for example, may be used. 
       FIG. 8  is a block diagram of PMI feedback with error checking and correction in accordance with yet another alternative embodiment. EC(1)  812  may be used for PMI_1  802 , EC(2)  814  may be used for PMI_2 ( 804 ) and EC(N)  816  may be used for PMI_N ( 806 ). PMIs and ECs are coded either separately or jointly in the channel coding function  820 . 
     PMI_1  802  may be reported in TTI(1), PMI_2  804  may be reported in TTII(2) and PMI(N)  806  may be reported in TTI(N). PMI_1  802 , PMI_2  804  and PMI_N  806  can be separately coded and reported in different or the same TTIs. Alternatively PMI_1  802  PMI_2  804 , and PMI_N  806  can be jointly coded, split, and reported in different TTIs. Furthermore PMI_1  802 , PMI_2  804  and PMI_N  806  can be jointly coded and reported in the same TTI. Alternatively, PMI_1  802 , PMI_2  804  and PMI_N  806  can be separately coded with different protection schemes and reported in the same TTI. CQI, rank and ACK/NACK may be used as well. 
       FIGS. 3 to 8  depict error checking, coding and feedback for PMI, and show a single type feedback signal. CQI and other type feedback signals can be substituted for PMI. 
       FIGS. 9 through 12  depict error checking, coding, transmission and feedback for more than one type feedback signal.  FIGS. 9 through 12  are discussed in detail below. 
     PMI feedback and other type control signaling may be error checked separately with the same or different error checking and then encoded together. For example, a first type feedback signal, which may be a PMI, can be attached with a first EC, which may be a CRC, such as a 24 bit CRC. A second type feedback signal, which may be a CQI, may be attached with the same EC. 
     In another example, a first type feedback signal, which may be a PMI, may be attached with an EC, which may be a CRC, such as a 24 bit CRC. A second type feedback signal may be attached with a second EC, may be a 16 bit CRC. 
     In general, different error checking and/or correction can be used for different types feedback signals or different feedback signals of the same type. The choice of which error checking and/or correction to use may involve a design decision of robustness versus overhead. A longer CRC may give greater protection, but it also creates more bits. Therefore, if one type feedback signal is more important than another type feedback signal, a stronger error checking and/or correction capability can be provided to the more important type feedback signal. Similarly for the feedback signal of the same type if one feedback signal or group of feedback signals is more important than another feedback signal or group of feedback signals, a stronger error checking and/or correction capability can be provided to the more important feedback signal or group of feedback signals. 
     Referring again to the examples provided above, if the first feedback signal, which may be PMI, is more important than the second feedback signal, which may be a CQI, then a longer CRC with higher error check and detection ability can be used for PMI and shorter CRC with lower error check and detection ability can be used for CQI. Applying different error checking and/or correction capabilities to feedback signals can protect the feedback signal that are of importance, optimize the link performance and minimize the signaling overhead. 
       FIG. 9  is a block diagram  900  of PMI feedback with error checking and correction and channel quality index (CQI) feedback with error checking and correction in accordance with yet another alternative embodiment. A first EC  930  (e.g., CRC) is attached to PMI_1, 902 PMI_2  904 , PMI_3  906  through PMI_N  908 . A second EC  940  (e.g., CRC) is attached to CQI-1  912  through CQI-M  914 . The EC attached PMI signal  910  and the CQI signal  920  are coded together in the channel coding function  950  to produce a single transmit signal. 
     In  FIG. 9  the first EC  930  and the second EC  940  may be the same. This would give equal error checking and protection to each feedback signal. 
     Alternatively, the first EC  930  and the second EC  940  may be different. If the PMI feedback is more important to system performance than the CQI feedback, the first EC  930  may be more robust. For example, the first EC may be a 24-bit CRC and the second EC may be a 16-bit CRC. 
     PMI feedback signals can consist of a “wideband” PMI, “narrowband” PMI”, “sub-band” PMI, and/or averaged PMI. Similarly CQI feedback signals can consists of a “wideband” CQI, “narrowband” CQI, “sub-band” CQI and/or averaged CQI. 
     Also, similar to the embodiments including a single feedback, as shown in  FIG. 3  through  FIG. 8 , the EC bits and the feedback bits may be transmitted in a single TTI, or may be split in to multiple TTIs. More specifically, the data type channels (e.g., PUSCH) may be used to transmit the feedback bits and the EC bits in a single TTI, as the data type channel is able to handle a greater number of bits per TTI. 
     Also, the coding used for the feedback bits and the EC bits may be the same with the same or different weights, or may be different. One skilled in the art would recognize that there numerous possible combinations of coding, transmitting, and error checking. 
       FIG. 10  is a block diagram  1000  of PMI and CQI feedback in accordance with yet another embodiment. The feedback signals may be attached with error check bits together and coded together. Signals that include PMI_1  1002  through PMI_N  1004  are input into an EC attachment/insertion function  1020  along with signals that include CQI_1  1012  through CQI_M  1014 . The signals are processed by the EC function  1020  and a single output signal is input into a channel coding function  1030  prior to transmission. 
     Control signaling other than CQI may be used as well, including rank and ACK/NACK. 
       FIG. 11  is a block diagram  1100  of PMI feedback with error checking and correction, CQI feedback with error checking and correction and ACK/NACK feedback in accordance with yet another embodiment. A first EC  1110  is attached to PMI_1  1102  through PMI_N  1104 . A second EC  1120  is attached to CQI_1  1112  through CQI_M  1114 . The PMI signal  1106  and the CQI signal  1116  are input into a channel coding function  1140  with an ACK/NACK signal  1130 . 
     ACK/NACK feedback signal  1130  can be replaced with rank feedback signal in  FIG. 12 . Alternatively rank feedback signal can be added to  FIG. 12 . 
       FIG. 12  is a block diagram  1200  of PMI feedback and CQI feedback with ACK/NACK feedback in accordance with yet another embodiment. CQI, PMI and ACK/NACK may be coded together, but error checked separately. A PMI signal  1202  including PMI_1  1204  through PMI_N  1206 , a CQI signal  1212  including CQI_1  1214  through CQI_M  1216  and an ACK/NACK signal  1220  are input into an EC attachment/insertion function  1230 . The single signal output is processed by a channel coding function  1240  and transmitted. One EC (e.g., CRC) is attached to the combined signal prior to coding and transmission. 
     ACK/NACK feedback signal  1220  can be replaced with rank feedback signal in  FIG. 12 . Alternatively rank feedback signal can be added to  FIG. 12 . 
     The PMI, CQI and ACK/NACK signals may have different error checking and/or protection. For example PMI may have the highest error checking and/or error protection, while CQI may have lower error checking and/or error protection. PMI, CQI, and ACK/NACK can have different error checking and/or protection while using different error checking and/or coding schemes or using the same error checking and/or coding scheme. Different weights may be used on PMI, CQI and ACK/NACK signals. The different error checking and/or error protection may be achieved by using different error checking and/or coding schemes, or using the same error checking and/or coding scheme but with different importance weights on different feedback type signals by using unequal error checking and/or coding and protection schemes. This may be applicable to other feedback signaling, such as rank, for example. 
     Similarly PMI feedback signals can consist of a “wideband” PMI, “narrowband” PMI”, “sub-band” PMI and/or averaged PMI. Similarly CQI feedback signals can consists of a “wideband” CQI, “narrowband” CQI, “sub-band” CQI and/or averaged CQI. 
     Although features and elements are described above in particular combinations, each feature or element can be used alone without the other features and elements or in various combinations with or without other features and elements. The methods or flow charts provided herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable storage medium for execution by a general purpose computer or a processor. Examples of computer-readable storage mediums include a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a register, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks, and digital versatile disks (DVDs). 
     Suitable processors include, by way of example, a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) circuits, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), and/or a state machine. 
     A processor in association with software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU), user equipment (UE), terminal, base station, radio network controller (RNC), or any host computer. The WTRU may be used in conjunction with modules, implemented in hardware and/or software, such as a camera, a video camera module, a videophone, a speakerphone, a vibration device, a speaker, a microphone, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a keyboard, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, and/or any wireless local area network (WLAN) or Ultra Wide Band (UWB) module.