Patent Publication Number: US-8118690-B2

Title: Golf ball

Description:
This application claims priority on Patent Application No. 2006-110452 filed in JAPAN on Apr. 13, 2006. The entire contents of this Japanese Patent Application are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to golf balls. More particularly, the present invention relates to multi-piece golf balls having a center, a mid layer and a cover. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Top concern to golf players for golf balls is their flight performances. The golf players particularly place great importance on flight distance attained upon shots with a driver. The golf players also place great importance on flight distance upon shots with a long iron and a middle iron. The flight performance greatly depends on resilience performances. 
     The golf players place great importance also on spin performances of the golf balls. Great back spin rate results in small run. For golf players, golf balls which are liable to be spun backwards are apt to be rendered to stop at a targeted position. Great side spin rate results in easily curved trajectory of the golf ball. For golf players, golf balls which are liable to be spun sidewise are apt to allow their trajectory to curve intentionally. The golf balls that are excellent in spin performances are excellent in control performances. High-level golf players particularly place great importance on control performances upon shots with a short iron. 
     Upon shots with an iron, the golf ball is rubbed with the face of the club. Due to this rubbing, the surface of the golf ball may be scuffed. Greatly scuffed golf balls can be no longer used. Scuff resistance performances are also important for golf balls. 
     Dominant golf balls in recent years are three-piece balls having a center, a mid layer and a cover. In light of the resilience performance, spin performance and scuff resistance performance, a variety of proposals have been made with respect to the three-piece balls. US2003/177492 (JP-A-2002-315848) discloses a golf ball in which ingenuity is exercised on amount of compressive deformation of the core, hardness of the mid layer and the cover, and thickness of the mid layer and the cover. US2005/181891 (JP-A-2005-224514) discloses a golf ball in which ingenuity is exercised on amount of compressive deformation of the core, hardness of the mid layer and the cover, thickness of the mid layer and the cover, and depth of the dimple. 
     Requirements for golf balls by golf players have been increasingly escalated in recent years. Balance of a higher order among the flight performance, the spin performance and the scuff resistance performance has been desired. An object of the present invention is to provide a golf ball that is excellent in the flight performance, the spin performance and the scuff resistance performance. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A golf ball according to one aspect of the present invention has a spherical core, and a cover positioned outside of this core. This core has a spherical center, and a mid layer positioned outside of this center. This cover has a thickness Tc of equal to or less than 1.2 mm. This cover has a hardness Hc being smaller than the central hardness Ho of the center. 
     According to conventional golf balls having a soft cover, this cover is responsible for the spin performance. This soft cover is likely to deteriorate the resilience performance. In conventional golf balls, deterioration of the resilience performance due to the cover is suppressed by employing a thin cover. However, too thin cover cannot be responsible for the spin performance enough. In the golf ball according to the present invention, the cover can be responsible for the spin performance irrespective of being thin, by employing the cover having the hardness Hc that is smaller than the central hardness Ho of the center. This cover can be further responsible for the scuff resistance performance. The golf ball according to the present invention is excellent in all terms of the resilience performance, the spin performance and the scuff resistance performance. 
     Preferably, the difference (Ho−Hc) between the central hardness Ho of the center and the hardness Hc of the cover is 1 or greater and 30 or less. Preferably, the cover has a thickness Tc of equal to or less than 0.8 mm. Preferably, the cover has a hardness Hc of 15 or greater and 40 or less, and the product (Tc·Hc) of the thickness Tc (mm) of the cover and the hardness Hc of the cover is equal to or less than 25. 
     Preferably, the ratio (D2/D3) of the amount of compressive deformation D2 of the core to the amount of compressive deformation D3 of the golf ball is 0.98 or greater and 1.10 or less. Preferably, the amount of compressive deformation D3 of the golf ball is 2.0 mm or greater and 3.0 mm or less. 
     Preferably, the principal component of the base polymer in the resin composition of the mid layer is an ionomer resin, and the principal component of the base polymer in the resin composition of the cover is a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer. 
     Preferably, the difference (Hm−Hc) between the hardness Hm of the mid layer and the hardness Hc of the cover is 20 or greater and 45 or less, and the sum (Tm+Tc) derived by adding the thickness Tm of the mid layer to the thickness Tc of the cover is equal to or less than 2.5 mm. Preferably, the difference (Hs 2 −Ho) between the surface hardness Hs 2  of the core and the central hardness Ho of the center is equal to or greater than 15. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a partially cut off cross-sectional view illustrating a golf ball according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The present invention will be hereinafter described in detail with appropriate references to the accompanying drawing according to preferred embodiments. 
     Golf ball  2  illustrated in  FIG. 1  has a spherical core  4 , a reinforcing layer  6  positioned outside of this core  4 , and a cover  8  positioned outside of this reinforcing layer  6 . The core  4  has a spherical center  10 , and a mid layer  12  positioned outside of this center  10 . Numerous dimples  14  are formed on the surface of the cover  8 . Of the surface of the cover  8 , a part other than the dimples  14  is a land  16 . This golf ball  2  has a paint layer and a mark layer to the external side of the cover  8 , although these layers are not shown in the FIGURE. 
     This golf ball  2  has a diameter of from 40 mm to 45 mm. From the standpoint of conformity to a rule defined by United States Golf Association (USGA), the diameter is preferably equal to or greater than 42.67 mm. In light of suppression of the air resistance, the diameter is preferably equal to or less than 44 mm, and more preferably equal to or less than 42.80 mm. Weight of this golf ball  2  is 40 g or greater and 50 g or less. In light of attainment of great inertia, the weight is preferably equal to or greater than 44 g, and more preferably equal to or greater than 45.00 g. From the standpoint of conformity to a rule defined by USGA, the weight is preferably equal to or less than 45.93 g. 
     The center  10  is obtained through crosslinking of a rubber composition. Examples of preferable base rubber include polybutadienes, polyisoprenes, styrene-butadiene copolymers, ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers and natural rubbers. In light of the resilience performance, polybutadienes are preferred. When other rubber is used in combination with polybutadiene, it is preferred that the polybutadiene is included as a principal component. Specifically, it is preferred that percentage of polybutadiene to the entire base rubber is equal to or greater than 50% by weight, and particularly equal to or greater than 80% by weight. Polybutadienes having a percentage of cis-1,4 bonds of equal to or greater than 40%, and particularly equal to or greater than 80% are particularly preferred. 
     For crosslinking of the center  10 , a co-crosslinking agent is used. Preferable examples of the co-crosslinking agent in light of the resilience performance include monovalent or bivalent metal salts of an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid having 2 to 8 carbon atoms. Specific examples of preferable co-crosslinking agent include zinc acrylate, magnesium acrylate, zinc methacrylate and magnesium methacrylate. Zinc acrylate and zinc methacrylate are particularly preferred on the grounds that a high resilience performance can be achieved. 
     As a co-crosslinking agent, an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and a metal oxide may be also blended. Both components react in the rubber composition to give a salt. This salt is responsible for the crosslinking reaction. Examples of preferable α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid include acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Examples of preferable metal oxide include zinc oxide and magnesium oxide. 
     The amount of the co-crosslinking agent to be blended is preferably 10 parts by weight or greater and 50 parts by weight or less per 100 parts by weight of the base rubber. By setting amount to be equal to or greater than 10 parts by weight, excellent resilience performance can be achieved. In this respect, the amount is more preferably equal to or greater than 15 parts by weight. By setting the amount to be equal to or less than 50 parts by weight, excellent feel at impact can be achieved. In this respect, the amount is more preferably equal to or less than 45 parts by weight. 
     Into the rubber composition for use in the center  10 , an organic peroxide may be preferably blended together with the co-crosslinking agent. The organic peroxide serves as a crosslinking initiator. The organic peroxide is responsible for the resilience performance. Examples of suitable organic peroxide include dicumyl peroxide, 1,1-bis(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane and di-t-butyl peroxide. Particularly versatile organic peroxide is dicumyl peroxide. 
     The amount of the organic peroxide to be blended is preferably 0.1 part by weight or greater and 3.0 parts by weight or less per 100 parts by weight of the base rubber. By setting the amount to be equal to or greater than 0.1 parts by weight, excellent resilience performance can be achieved. In this respect, the amount is more preferably equal to or greater than 0.3 part by weight, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 0.5 part by weight. By setting the amount to be equal to or less than 3.0 parts by weight, excellent feel at impact can be achieved. In this respect, the amount is more preferably equal to or less than 2.5 parts by weight. 
     Into the center  10  may be blended a filler for the purpose of adjusting specific gravity and the like. Illustrative examples of suitable filler include zinc oxide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. Powder of a highly dense metal may be blended as a filler. Specific examples of the highly dense metal include tungsten and molybdenum. The amount of the filler to be blended is determined ad libitum so that the intended specific gravity of the center  10  can be accomplished. Particularly preferable filler is zinc oxide. Zinc oxide serves not only to adjust the specific gravity but also as a crosslinking activator. Various kinds of additives such as sulfur, a sulfur compound, an anti-aging agent, a coloring agent, a plasticizer, a dispersant and the like may be blended at an adequate amount to the center  10  as needed. Into the center  10  may be also blended crosslinked rubber powder or synthetic resin powder. 
     The center  10  has a central hardness Ho of preferably 20 or greater and 60 or less. By the center  10  having the central hardness Ho of equal to or greater than 20, excellent resilience performance can be achieved. In this respect, the central hardness Ho is more preferably equal to or greater than 27, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 32. By the center  10  having the central hardness Ho of equal to or less than 60, excessive spin upon a shot with a driver can be suppressed. In this respect, the central hardness Ho is more preferably equal to or less than 53, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 48. The central hardness Ho is measured by pressing a Shore D type hardness scale at a central point of a hemisphere obtained by cutting the center  10 . For the measurement, an automated rubber hardness machine (trade name “LA1”, available from Koubunshi Keiki Co., Ltd.) which is equipped with this hardness scale is used. 
     The center  10  has a surface hardness Hs 1  of preferably 40 or greater and 75 or less. By the center  10  having the surface hardness Hs 1  of equal to or greater than 40, excellent resilience performance can be achieved. In this respect, the surface hardness Hs 1  is preferably equal to or greater than 48, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 54. By the center  10  having the surface hardness Hs 1  of equal to or less than 75, excellent feel at impact can be achieved. In this respect, the surface hardness Hs 1  is more preferably equal to or less than 67, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 64. The surface hardness is measured by pressing the Shore D type hardness scale against the surface of the spherical body (center  10 , core  4  or golf ball  2 ). For the measurement, the automated rubber hardness machine (trade name “LA1”, available from Koubunshi Keiki Co., Ltd.) which is equipped with this hardness scale is used. 
     The amount of compressive deformation D1 of the center  10  is preferably 1.5 mm or greater and 5.0 mm or less. By the center  10  having the amount of compressive deformation D1 of equal to or greater than 1.5 mm, excellent feel at impact can be achieved. In this respect, the amount of compressive deformation D1 is more preferably equal to or greater than 2.0 mm. As described later, this golf ball  2  has a thin cover  8 . Upon hitting of this golf ball  2 , the center  10  is greatly deformed resulting from the cover  8  being thin. Owing to the center  10  having the amount of compressive deformation D1 of equal to or less than 5.0 mm, excellent resilience performance can be achieved. In this respect, the amount of compressive deformation D1 is more preferably equal to or less than 4.5 mm, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 4.0 mm. 
     Upon measurement of the amount of compressive deformation, the spherical body (center  10 , core  4  or golf ball  2 ) is first placed on a hard plate made of metal. Next, a cylinder made of metal gradually descends toward the spherical body. The spherical body intervened between the bottom face of the cylinder and the hard plate is deformed. A migration distance of the cylinder, starting from the state in which initial load of 98 N is applied to the spherical body up to the state in which final load of 1274 N is applied thereto is the amount of compressive deformation. 
     It is preferred that the center  10  has a diameter of 25 mm or greater and 41.5 mm or less. Weight of the center  10  is preferably 25 g or greater and 42 g or less. Crosslinking temperature of the center  10  is usually 140° C. or greater and 180° C. or less. The crosslinking time period of the center  10  is usually 10 minutes or longer and 60 minutes or less. The center  10  may be formed with two or more layers. 
     For the mid layer  12 , a thermoplastic resin composition is suitably used. Examples of the base polymer of this resin composition include ionomer resins, thermoplastic polyester elastomers, thermoplastic polyamide elastomers, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers, thermoplastic polyolefin elastomers and thermoplastic polystyrene elastomers. In particular, ionomer resins are preferred. The ionomer resins are highly elastic. As described later, this golf ball  2  has a thin cover  8 . Upon hitting of this golf ball  2 , the mid layer  12  is greatly deformed resulting from the cover  8  being thin. The mid layer  12  including the ionomer resin is responsible for the resilience performance. 
     The ionomer resin and other resin may be used in combination. When they are used in combinaiton, the ionomer resin is included as the principal component of the base polymer, in light of the resilience performance. Proportion of the ionomer resin in the total base polymer accounts for preferably equal to or greater than 50% by weight, more preferably equal to or greater than 70% by weight, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 85%. 
     Examples of preferred ionomer resin include binary copolymers formed with α-olefin and an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Preferable binary copolymer comprises 80% by weight or more and 90% by weight or less α-olefin, and 10% by weight or more and 20% by weight or less α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid. This binary copolymer provides excellent resilience performance. Examples of preferable other ionomer resin include ternary copolymers formed with α-olefin, an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms and an α,β-unsaturated carboxylate ester having 2 to 22 carbon atoms. Preferable ternary copolymer comprises 70% by weight or more and 85% by weight or less α-olefin, 5% by weight or more and 30% by weight or less α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid, and 1% by weight or more and 25% by weight or less α,β-unsaturated carboxylate ester. This ternary copolymer provides excellent resilience performance. In the binary copolymer and ternary copolymer, preferable α-olefin may be ethylene and propylene, while preferable α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid may be acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Particularly preferred ionomer resin is a copolymer formed with ethylene, and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. 
     In the binary copolymer and ternary copolymer, a part of the carboxyl group may be neutralized with a metal ion. Illustrative examples of the metal ion for use in neutralization include sodium ion, potassium ion, lithium ion, zinc ion, calcium ion, magnesium ion, aluminum ion and neodymium ion. The neutralization may be carried out with two or more kinds of metal ions. Particularly suitable metal ion in light of the resilience performance and durability of the golf ball  2  is sodium ion, zinc ion, lithium ion and magnesium ion. 
     Specific examples of the ionomer resin include trade names “Himilan 1555”, “Himilan 1557”, “Himilan 1605”, “Himilan 1706”, “Himilan 1707”, “Himilan 1856”, “Himilan 1855”, “Himilan AM7311”, “Himilan AM7315”, “Himilan AM7317”, “Himilan AM7318”, “Himilan AM7329” and “Himilan MK7320”, available from Du Pont-MITSUI POLYCHEMICALS Co., Ltd.; trade names “Surlyn® 6120”, “Surlyn® 6910”, “Surlyn® 7930”, “Surlyn® 7940”, “Surlyn® 8140”, “Surlyn® 8150”, “Surlyn® 8940”, “Surlyn® 8945”, “Surlyn® 9120”, “Surlyn® 9150”, “Surlyn® 9910”, “Surlyn® 9945” and “Surlyn® AD8546”, available from Dupont; and trade names “IOTEK 7010”, “IOTEK 7030”, “IOTEK 7510”, “IOTEK 7520”, “IOTEK 8000” and “IOTEK 8030”, available from EXXON Mobil Chemical Corporation. Two or more kinds of the ionomer resin may be used in combination. An ionomer resin neutralized with a monovalent metal ion, and an ionomer resin neutralized with a bivalent metal ion may be used in combination. 
     Into the resin composition of the mid layer  12  may be blended a filler for the purpose of adjusting specific gravity and the like. Illustrative examples of suitable filler include zinc oxide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. Powder of a highly dense metal may be also blended as the filler. Specific examples of the highly dense metal include tungsten and molybdenum. The amount of the filler to be blended is determined ad libitum so that intended specific gravity of the mid layer  12  can be accomplished. Into the mid layer  12  may be also blended a coloring agent, crosslinked rubber powder or synthetic resin powder. 
     The mid layer  12  has a thickness Tm of preferably 0.3 mm or greater and 2.5 mm or less. By the mid layer  12  having the thickness Tm of equal to or greater than 0.3 mm, excellent resilience performance can be achieved. In this respect, the thickness Tm is more preferably equal to or greater than 0.5 mm, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 0.7 mm. By the mid layer  12  having the thickness Tm of equal to or less than 2.5 mm, excellent feel at impact can be achieved. In this respect, the thickness Tm is more preferably equal to or less than 2.0 mm. 
     The mid layer  12  has a hardness Hm of 55 or greater and 72 or less. By the mid layer  12  having the hardness Hm of equal to or greater than 55, excellent resilience performance can be achieved. In addition, with the mid layer  12  having the hardness Hm of equal to or greater than 55, a core  4  having a hard outside and a soft inside can be attained. This core  4  is responsible for suppression of the spin upon a shot with a driver. In these respects, the hardness Hm is more preferably equal to or greater than 58, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 60. By the mid layer  12  having the hardness Hm of equal to or less than 72, excellent feel at impact can be achieved. In this respect, the hardness Hm is more preferably equal to or less than 70, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 68. 
     In the present invention, the hardness Hm of the mid layer  12  and the hardness Hc of the cover  8  may be measured in accordance with a standard of “ASTM-D 2240-68”. For the measurement, an automated rubber hardness machine which is equipped with a Shore D type hardness scale (trade name “LA1”, available from Koubunshi Keiki Co., Ltd.) is used. For the measurement, a sheet which was formed by hot press is used having a thickness of about 2 mm and consisting of the same material as that of the mid layer  12  (or the cover  8 ). Prior to the measurement, the sheet is stored at a temperature of 23° C. for two weeks. When the measurement is carried out, three sheets are overlaid. 
     The core  4  including the center  10  and the mid layer  12  has a surface hardness Hs 2  of 50 or greater and 85 or less. By the core  4  having the surface hardness Hs 2  of equal to or greater than 50, excellent resilience performance can be achieved. In this respect, the surface hardness Hs 2  is more preferably equal to or greater than 55, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 60. By the core  4  having the surface hardness Hs 2  of equal to or less than 85, excellent feel at impact can be achieved. In this respect, the surface hardness Hs 2  is more preferably equal to or less than 80, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 75. 
     The amount of compressive deformation D2 of the core  4  is preferably 1.8 mm or greater and 4.0 mm or less. By the core  4  having the amount of compressive deformation D2 of equal to or greater than 1.8 mm, excellent feel at impact can be achieved. In this respect, the amount of compressive deformation D2 is more preferably equal to or greater than 2.0 mm, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 2.2 mm. As described later, this golf ball  2  has a thin cover  8 . Upon hitting of this golf ball  2 , the core  4  is greatly deformed resulting from the cover  8  being thin. Owing to the core  4  having the amount of compressive deformation D2 of equal to or less than 4.0 mm, excellent resilience performance can be achieved. In this respect, the amount of compressive deformation D2 is more preferably equal to or less than 3.7 mm, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 3.4 mm. 
     In light of adhesion between the core  4  and the reinforcing layer  6  or the cover  8 , the surface of the core  4  is preferably subjected to a treatment, whereby the roughness thereof is increased. Specific examples of the treatment include brushing, grinding and the like. 
     The reinforcing layer  6  lies between the mid layer  12  and the cover  8 , and improves adhesiveness therebetween. As described later, this golf ball  2  has an extremely thin cover  8 . When such a thin cover  8  is hit with an edge of a clubface, a wrinkle is liable to be generated. The reinforcing layer  6  suppresses generation of such a wrinkle. 
     For the base polymer of the reinforcing layer  6 , a two-component cured thermosetting resin may be suitably used. Specific examples of the two-component cured thermosetting resin include epoxy resins, urethane resins, acrylic resins, polyester based resins and cellulose based resins. In light of the mechanical strength (e.g., strength at break) and durability of the reinforcing layer  6 , two-component cured epoxy resins and two-component cured urethane resins are preferred. 
     The two-component cured epoxy resin is obtained by curing an epoxy resin with a polyamide based curing agent. Illustrative examples of the epoxy resin for use in the two-component cured epoxy resin include bisphenol A type epoxy resins, bisphenol F type epoxy resins and bisphenol AD type epoxy resins. The bisphenol A type epoxy resin is obtained by a reaction of bisphenol A with an epoxy group-containing compound such as epichlorohydrin. The bisphenol F type epoxy resin is obtained by a reaction of bisphenol F with an epoxy group-containing compound. The bisphenol AD type epoxy resin is obtained by a reaction of bisphenol AD with an epoxy group-containing compound. In light of the balance among softness, chemical resistance, heat resistance and toughness, the bisphenol A type epoxy resins are preferred. 
     The polyamide based curing agent has multiple amino groups and one or more amide groups. This amino group can react with an epoxy group. Specific examples of the polyamide based curing agent include polyamide amine curing agents and modified products of the same. The polyamide amine curing agent is obtained by a condensation reaction of a polymerized fatty acid with a polyamine. Typical polymerized fatty acid may be obtained by heating natural fatty acids containing a large amount of an unsaturated fatty acid such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid or the like in the presence of a catalyst to perfect the synthesis. Specific examples of the unsaturated fatty acid include tall oil, soybean oil, linseed oil and fish oil. Polymerized fatty acids having a dimer content of equal to or greater than 90% by weight and a trimer content of equal to or less than 10% by weight, and being hydrogenated are preferred. Illustrative examples of preferred polyamine include polyethylene diamine, polyoxyalkylene diamine and derivatives thereof. 
     Upon mixing of the epoxy resin and the polyamide based curing agent, ratio of epoxy equivalent of the epoxy resin and amine active hydrogen equivalent of the polyamide based curing agent is preferably 1.0/1.4 or greater and 1.0/1.0 or less. 
     The two-component cured urethane resin is obtained by a reaction of a base material and a curing agent. A two-component cured urethane resin obtained by a reaction of a base material containing a polyol component with a curing agent containing polyisocyanate or a derivative thereof, or a two-component cured urethane resin obtained by a reaction of a base material containing an isocyanate group-ended urethane prepolymer with a curing agent having an active hydrogen may be used. In particular, two-component cured urethane resins prepared by a reaction of a base material containing a polyol component with a curing agent containing polyisocyanate or a derivative thereof are preferred. 
     It is preferred that urethane polyol is used as the polyol component of the base material. The urethane polyol has urethane bonds and at least two hydroxyl groups. Preferably, the urethane polyol has a hydroxyl group at its end. The urethane polyol may be obtained by allowing polyol and polyisocyanate to react at a ratio such that an excessive molar ratio of the hydroxyl group of the polyol component to the isocyanate group of polyisocyanate is attained. 
     The polyol for use in production of the urethane polyol has multiple hydroxyl groups. Polyol having a weight average molecular weight of 50 or greater and 2000 or less, and particularly 100 or greater and 1000 or less is preferred. Examples of the polyol having a low molecular weight include diol and triol. Specific examples of the diol include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol and 1,6-hexanediol. Specific examples of the triol include trimethylolpropane and hexanetriol. Examples of the polyol having a high molecular weight include polyether polyols such as polyoxyethylene glycol (PEG), polyoxypropylene glycol (PPG) and polyoxytetramethylene glycol (PTMG); condensed polyester polyols such as polyethylene adipate (PEA), polybutylene adipate (PBA) and polyhexamethylene adipate (PHMA); lactone based polyester polyols such as poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL); polycarbonate polyols such as polyhexamethylene carbonate; and acrylic polyols. Two or more kinds of the polyol may be used in combination. 
     Polyisocyanate for use in production of urethane polyol has multiple isocyanate groups. Specific examples of the polyisocyanate include aromatic polyisocyanates such as 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, mixtures of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 4,4′-diphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI), 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate (NDI), 3,3′-bitolylene-4,4′-diisocyanate (TODI), xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate (TMXDI) and paraphenylene diisocyanate (PPDI); alicyclic polyisocyanates such as 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H 12 MDI), hydrogenated xylylene diisocyanate (H 6 XDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI); and aliphatic polyisocyanates. Two or more polyisocyanates may be used in combination. In light of the weather resistance, TMXDI, XDI, HDI, H 6 XDI, IPDI and H 12 MDI are preferred. 
     In the reaction of polyol and polyisocyanate for producing the urethane polyol, any known catalyst may be used. Typical catalyst may be dibutyltin dilaurate. 
     In light of strength of the reinforcing layer  6 , ratio of the urethane bonds included in the urethane polyol is preferably equal to or greater than 0.1 mmol/g. In light of the following capability of the reinforcing layer  6  to the cover  8 , the ratio of the urethane bonds included in the urethane polyol is preferably equal to or less than 5 mmol/g. The ratio of the urethane bonds may be adjusted by regulating the molecular weight of the polyol to be a raw material, and by regulating compounding ratio of the polyol and the polyisocyanate. 
     In light of a short time period required for the reaction of the base material with the curing agent, the urethane polyol has a weight average molecular weight of preferably equal to or greater than 4000, and more preferably equal to or greater than 4500. In light of the adhesiveness of the reinforcing layer  6 , the urethane polyol has a weight average molecular weight of preferably equal to or less than 10000, and more preferably equal to or less than 9000. 
     In light of the adhesiveness of the reinforcing layer  6 , the urethane polyol has a hydroxyl value (mgKOH/g) of preferably equal to or greater than 15, and more preferably equal to or greater than 73. In light of a short time period required for the reaction of the base material with the curing agent, the urethane polyol has a hydroxyl value of preferably equal to or less than 130, and more preferably equal to or less than 120. 
     The base material may contain, in addition to the urethane polyol, a polyol not having any urethane bond. The aforementioned polyol that is a raw material of the urethane polyol may be used in the base material. Polyols that are miscible with the urethane polyol are preferred. In light of a short time period required for the reaction of the base material with the curing agent, proportion of the urethane polyol in the base material is preferably equal to or greater than 50% by weight and more preferably equal to or greater than 80% by weight based on the solid content. Ideally, this proportion is 100% by weight. 
     The curing agent contains polyisocyanate or a derivative thereof. The aforementioned polyisocyanate that is a raw material of the urethane polyol may be used in the curing agent. 
     The reinforcing layer  6  may include additives such as a coloring agent (typically, titanium dioxide), a phosphate based stabilizer, an antioxidant, a light stabilizer, a fluorescent brightening agent, an ultraviolet absorbent, a blocking preventive agent and the like. The additive may be added either to the base material of the two-component cured thermosetting resin, or to the curing agent. 
     The reinforcing layer  6  is obtained by coating a liquid, which is prepared by dissolving or dispersing a base material and a curing agent in a solvent, on the surface of the mid layer  12 . In light of the workability, coating with a spray gun is preferred. The solvent is volatilized after the coating to permit a reaction of the base material with the curing agent thereby forming the reinforcing layer  6 . Illustrative examples of preferred solvent include toluene, isopropyl alcohol, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylbenzene, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, isobutyl alcohol and ethyl acetate. 
     In light of suppression of the wrinkle, the reinforcing layer  6  has a thickness of preferably equal to or greater than 3 μm, and more preferably equal to or greater than 5 μm. In light of easy formation of the reinforcing layer  6 , it is preferred that the thickness is equal to or less than 300 μm, still more, equal to or less than 100 μm, yet more, equal to or less than 50 μm, and further, equal to or less than 20 μm. The thickness is measured by observation of the cross section of the golf ball  2  with a micro scope. When the surface of the mid layer  6  has roughness resulting from the surface roughening treatment, the thickness is measured immediately above the protruded portion. 
     In light of suppression of the wrinkle, the reinforcing layer  6  has a pencil hardness of preferably equal to or greater than 4B, and more preferably equal to or greater than B. In light of small loss of the force during transfer from the cover  8  to the mid layer  12  upon hitting of the golf ball  2 , the reinforcing layer  6  has a pencil hardness of preferably equal to or less than 3H. The pencil hardness is measured in accordance with a standard of “JIS K5400”. 
     When sufficient adhesion between the mid layer  6  and the cover  10  is accomplished leading to less possibility to generate the wrinkle, the reinforcing layer  6  may not be provided. 
     The cover  8  has a hardness Hc being smaller than the central hardness Ho of the center  10 . In this cover  8 , an extremely soft material is used. Upon hitting with a short iron, this cover  8  is sufficiently deformed irrespective of the thickness Tc being small. Due to this deformation, a long period of time of contact between the face of the short iron and the golf ball  2  can be achieved. The long period of time of contact results in a great spin rate. The long period of time of contact can also suppress variance of the spin rate. In addition, this cover  8  can also achieve an excellent scuff resistance performance. Moreover, by this cover  8 , excellent feel at impact upon hitting with a putter or a short iron can be achieved. Preferably, a smallest value in a hardness curve from the center point of the golf ball  2  to the surface of the cover  8  is attained in the cover  8 . 
     In light of the spin performance, scuff resistance performance and feel at impact, the difference (Ho−Hc) between the central hardness Ho of the center  10  and the hardness Hc of the cover  8  is preferably equal to or greater than 1, more preferably equal to or greater than 3, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 5. The difference (Ho−Hc) is preferably equal to or less than 30, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 25. 
     The cover  8  has a hardness Hc of preferably 15 or greater and 40 or less. By the cover  8  having the hardness Hc of equal to or greater than 15, the spin upon a shot with a driver can be suppressed. This cover  8  can be responsible for the flight distance attained by the shot with a driver. In this respect, the hardness Hc is more preferably equal to or greater than 20, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 26. By the cover  8  having the hardness Hc of equal to or less than 40, a great spin rate can be achieved upon a shot with a short iron. In this respect, the hardness Hc is more preferably equal to or less than 38, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 36. 
     A thermoplastic resin composition is suitably used for the cover  8 . Examples of base polymer of this resin composition include thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers, thermoplastic polyester elastomers, thermoplastic polyamide elastomers, thermoplastic polyolefin elastomers, thermoplastic polystyrene elastomers and ionomer resins. In particular, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers are preferred. The thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers are soft. Great spin rate is achieved upon hitting the golf ball  2  having a cover  8  comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, with a short iron. The cover  8  comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is responsible for a control performance upon a shot with a short iron. The thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is also responsible for the scuff resistance of the cover  8 . Furthermore, by the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, excellent feel at impact can be achieved upon hitting with a putter or a short iron. 
     Other resin may be used in combination with the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer. In light of the control performance, the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is included in the base polymer as a principal component in the case of use in combination. Proportion of the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer to total base polymer is preferably equal to or greater than 50% by weight, more preferably equal to or greater than 70% by weight, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 85% by weight. 
     The thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer includes a polyurethane component as a hard segment, and a polyester component or a polyether component as a soft segment. Illustrative examples of the curing agent for the polyurethane component include alicyclic diisocyanate, aromatic diisocyanate and aliphatic diisocyanate. In particular, alicyclic diisocyanate is preferred. Because the alicyclic diisocyanate has no double bond in the main chain, yellowing of the cover  8  can be suppressed. Additionally, because the alicyclic diisocyanate is excellent in strength, the cover  8  can be prevented from being scuffed. Two or more kinds of the diisocyanate may be used in combination. 
     Illustrative examples of the alicyclic diisocyanate include 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H 12 MDI), 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane (H 6 XDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and trans-1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate (CHDI). In light of versatility and processability, H 12 MDI is preferred. 
     Illustrative examples of the aromatic diisocyanate include 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Illustrative examples of the aliphatic diisocyanate include hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). 
     Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers having a material hardness of equal to or less than 42, and still further equal to or less than 38 are particularly preferred. By such an elastomer, small hardness Hc of the cover  8  can be attained. For the measurement of the material hardness, a sheet consisting of the polymer alone may be used. The measuring method is the same as the measuring method of the hardness Hm of the mid layer  12 . 
     Specific examples of the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer include trade names “Elastolan XNY80A”, “Elastolan XNY85A”, “Elastolan XNY90A”, “Elastolan XNY97A”, “Elastolan XNY585” and “Elastolan XKPO16N”, available from BASF Japan Ltd; and trade name “Rezamin P4585LS” and “Rezamin PS62490”, available from Dainichiseika Color &amp; Chemicals Mfg. Co., Ltd. In light of possible achievement of small hardness Hc, “Elastolan XNY80A”, “Elastolan XNY85A” and “Elastolan XNY90A” are particularly preferred. 
     Into the cover  8  may be blended a coloring agent such as titanium dioxide, a filler such as barium sulfate, a dispersant, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorbent, a light stabilizer, a fluorescent agent, a fluorescent brightening agent and the like in an appropriate amount as needed. Also, the cover  8  may be blended with powder of a highly dense metal such as tungsten, molybdenum or the like for the purpose of adjusting the specific gravity. 
     The cover  8  has a thickness Tc of equal to or less than 1.2 mm. As described above, the cover  8  is soft. The soft cover  8  is disadvantageous in terms of resilience coefficient of the golf ball  2 . Upon a shot with a driver, the mid layer  12  as well as the center  10  of the golf ball  2  is deformed greatly. By setting the thickness Tc to be equal to or less than 1.2 mm, the cover  8  does not adversely affect the resilience coefficient to a large extent upon a shot with a driver, even though the cover  8  is soft. An excellent flight performance can be achieved upon a shot with a driver through using the ionomer resin in the mid layer  12 . 
     In light of the flight performance, the thickness Tc is more preferably equal to or less than 0.8 mm, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 0.5 mm. In light of inhibition of attaining too small spin rate, the thickness Tc is preferably equal to or greater than 0.1 mm, and more preferably equal to or greater than 0.2 mm. 
     The amount of compressive deformation D3 of the golf ball  2  is preferably 2.0 mm or greater and 3.0 mm or less. When the golf ball  2  having the amount of compressive deformation D3 of equal to or greater than 2.0 mm is hit with a driver, excessive spin is not caused. In this respect, the amount of compressive deformation D3 is more preferably equal to or greater than 2.1 mm, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 2.2 mm. The golf ball  2  having the amount of compressive deformation D3 of equal to or less than 3.0 mm is excellent in the resilience performance. In this respect, the amount of compressive deformation D3 is more preferably equal to or less than 2.9 mm, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 2.8 mm. 
     The product (Tc·Hc) of the thickness Tc (mm) of the cover  8  and the hardness Hc of the cover  8  is preferably equal to or less than 25. By the cover  8  having the product (Tc·Hc) of equal to or less than 25, the spin performance and the resilience performance can be both achieved. In this respect, the product (Tc·Hc) is more preferably equal to or less than 24, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 20. In light of suppression of excessive spin upon a shot with a driver, the product (Tc·Hc) is preferably equal to or greater than 5, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 10. 
     The ratio (D2/D3) of the amount of compressive deformation D2 of the core  4  to the amount of compressive deformation D3 of the golf ball  2  is preferably 0.98 or greater and 1.10 or less. When the golf ball  2  having the ratio (D2/D3) of equal to or greater than 0.98 is hit with a driver, excessive spin is not caused. In this respect, the ratio (D2/D3) is more preferably equal to or greater than 0.99, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 1.00. The golf ball  2  having the ratio (D2/D3) of equal to or less than 1.10 is excellent in the spin performance upon a shot with a short iron. In this respect, the ratio (D2/D3) is more preferably equal to or less than 1.09, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 1.08. 
     The difference (Hm−Hc) between the hardness Hm of the mid layer  12  and the hardness Hc of the cover  8  is preferably equal to or greater than 20. According to the golf ball  2  having the difference (Hm−Hc) of equal to or greater than 20, the mid layer  12  can be responsible for the resilience performance, and the cover  8  can be responsible for the spin performance. In this respect, the difference (Hm−Hc) is more preferably equal to or greater than 24, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 28. The difference (Hm−Hc) is preferably equal to or less than 45. 
     The sum (Tm+Tc) derived by adding the thickness Tm of the mid layer  12  to the thickness Tc of the cover  8  is preferably equal to or less than 2.5 mm. According to the golf ball  2  having the sum (Tm+Tc) of equal to or less than 2.5 mm, excellent resilience performance can be achieved by the center  10 . In this respect, the sum (Tm+Tc) is more preferably equal to or less than 2.4 mm, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 2.2 mm. 
     The surface hardness Hs 2  of the core  4  is greater than the central hardness Ho of the center  10 . This core  4  has a hard outside and a soft inside. This core  4  suppresses excessive spin upon a shot with a driver. In this respect, the difference (Hs 2 −Ho) is preferably equal to or greater than 15, and more preferably equal to or greater than 20. The difference (Hs 2 −Ho) is preferably equal to or less than 30. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Example 1 
     A rubber composition was obtained by kneading 100 parts by weight of polybutadiene (trade name “BR-730”, available from JSR Corporation), 31.5 parts by weight of zinc diacrylate, 5 parts by weight of zinc oxide, 0. 9 part by weight of dicumyl peroxide, 0.3 part by weight of diphenyldisulfide and an appropriate amount of barium sulfate. This rubber composition was placed into a mold having upper and lower mold half each having a hemispherical cavity, and heated under a temperature of 170° C. for 15 minutes to obtain a center having a diameter of 39.0 mm. 
     A resin composition was obtained by kneading 50 parts by weight of an ionomer resin (Himilan 1605, described above), 50 parts by weight of other ionomer resin (Himilan AM7329, described above), and 4 parts by weight of titanium dioxide in a biaxial extruder. This resin composition was rendered to cover around the center by injection molding to obtain a mid layer. This mid layer had a thickness Tm of 1.6 mm. 
     A coating composition containing a two-component cured epoxy resin as a base polymer (trade name “POLIN 750LE”, available from Shinto Paint Co., Ltd.) was prepared. The base material liquid of this coating composition consists of 30 parts by weight of a bisphenol A type solid epoxy resin and 70 parts by weight of a solvent. The curing agent liquid of this coating composition consists of 40 parts by weight of denatured polyamide amine, 55 parts by weight of a solvent and 5 parts by weight of titanium dioxide. Weight ratio of the base material liquid and the curing agent liquid is 1/1. This coating composition was coated on the surface of the mid layer with a spray gun, and kept in an atmosphere of 40° C. for 24 hours to give a reinforcing layer. 
     A resin composition was obtained by kneading 80 parts by weight of a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (“Elastolan XNY80A”, described above), 20 parts by weight of a styrene block-containing thermoplastic elastomer (trade name “Rabalon SR04”, available from Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) and 4 parts by weight of titanium dioxide in a biaxial extruder. Half shells were obtained from this resin composition with compression molding. A spherical body comprising the center, the mid layer and the reinforcing layer was covered by two pieces of the half shell, which was placed into a mold having upper and lower mold half each having a hemispherical cavity to obtain a cover with compression molding. The cover had a thickness Tc of 0.3 mm. A paint layer was formed around this cover to give a golf ball of Example 1. This golf ball had a diameter of 42.8 mm, and a weight of 45.5 g. 
     Examples 2 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 
     In a similar manner to Example 1 except that the materials, the diameter of the center, the thickness Tm of the mid layer and the thickness Tc of the cover were as listed in Tables 1 to 5 below, golf balls of Examples 2 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were obtained. 
     [Shot with Driver] 
     A driver with a metal head was attached to a swing machine available from Golf Laboratory Co. Then the golf balls were hit under a condition to give the head speed of 50 m/sec. The ball speed and spin rate immediately after the hitting, and travel distance (i.e., the distance from the launching point to the point where the ball stopped) were measured. Mean values of 10 times measurement are shown in Tables 3 to 5 below. 
     [Shot with Short Iron] 
     To the swing machine described above was attached an approach wedge. Then the machine condition was set to give the head speed of 21 m/sec, and the golf balls were hit therewith. Accordingly, spin rate immediately after the hitting was measured. Mean values of 10 times measurement were determined. Moreover, the difference between maximum value and minimum value among the ten measurements was calculated, and rating was performed based on the following criteria: 
     A: the difference being less than 100 rpm; 
     B: the difference being 100 rpm or greater and less than 200 rpm; and 
     C: the difference being 200 rpm or greater. 
     The results are shown in the following Tables 3 to 5. 
     [Evaluation of Feel at Impact] 
     Using a driver, the golf balls were hit by a high class golf player. Then, the golf player rated the feel at impact based on the following criteria: 
     A: satisfactory with a less impact shock; 
     B: average; and 
     C: unsatisfactory with a great impact shock. 
     The results are shown in the following Tables 3 to 5. 
     [Evaluation of Scuff Resistance Performance] 
     To the swing machine described above was attached a pitching wedge. Then the machine condition was set to give the head speed of 36 m/sec, and the golf balls were hit therewith. Accordingly, the surface of this golf ball was visually observed, and rating was performed based on the following criteria: 
     A: scuff mark hardly found; 
     B: scuff mark, and raising found; and 
     C: great scuff mark found, and raising being prominent. 
     The results are shown in the following Tables 3 to 5. 
     [Evaluation of Durability] 
     To the swing machine described above was attached a driver. Then the machine condition was set to give the head speed of 50 m/sec, and the golf balls were hit therewith repeatedly. Accordingly, the number of times of the hitting until the golf ball was broken was counted. The results are shown in the following Tables 3 to 5 in terms of indices on the basis of the value in Example 5 being presumed as 100. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Composition 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 (parts by weight) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Example 1 
                 Example 2 
                 Example 3 
                 Example 4 
                 Example 5 
                 Example 6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Center 
                 BR-730 
                 100 
                 80 
                 100 
                 100 
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 BR-51* 
                 — 
                 20 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Zinc acrylate 
                 31.5 
                 27.0 
                 31.5 
                 33.5 
                 33.5 
                 31.5 
               
               
                   
                 Zinc oxide 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 Dicumyl peroxide 
                 0.9 
                 0.8 
                 0.9 
                 0.9 
                 0.9 
                 0.9 
               
               
                   
                 Diphenyldisulfide 
                 0.3 
                 0.5 
                 0.3 
                 0.3 
                 0.3 
                 0.3 
               
               
                   
                 Barium sulfate 
                 adequacy 
                 adequacy 
                 adequacy 
                 adequacy 
                 adequacy 
                 adequacy 
               
               
                 Mid 
                 Himilan 1605 
                 50 
                 50 
                 50 
                 50 
                 50 
                 50 
               
               
                 layer 
                 Himilan AM7329 
                 50 
                 50 
                 50 
                 50 
                 50 
                 50 
               
               
                   
                 Titanium dioxide 
                 4 
                 4 
                 4 
                 4 
                 4 
                 4 
               
               
                 Cover 
                 Elastolan XKP016N 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Elastolan XNY97A 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Elastolan XNY90A 
                 — 
                 — 
                 100 
                 — 
                 100 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Elastolan XNY85A 
                 — 
                 100 
                 — 
                 100 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Elastolan XNY80A 
                 80 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 60 
               
               
                   
                 Rabalon SR04 
                 20 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 40 
               
               
                   
                 Titanium dioxide 
                 4 
                 4 
                 4 
                 4 
                 4 
                 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *Polybutadiene available from JSR Corporation 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Composition 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 (parts by weight) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Comp. 
                 Comp. 
                 Comp. 
                 Comp. 
               
               
                   
                 Example 7 
                 Example 8 
                 Example 1 
                 Example 2 
                 Example 3 
                 Example 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Center 
                 BR-730 
                 100 
                 100 
                 80 
                 100 
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 BR-51* 
                 — 
                 — 
                 20 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Zinc acrylate 
                 31.5 
                 31.5 
                 27.0 
                 33.5 
                 31.5 
                 31.5 
               
               
                   
                 Zinc oxide 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 Dicumyl peroxide 
                 0.9 
                 0.9 
                 0.8 
                 0.9 
                 0.9 
                 0.9 
               
               
                   
                 Diphenyldisulfide 
                 0.3 
                 0.3 
                 0.5 
                 0.3 
                 0.3 
                 0.3 
               
               
                   
                 Barium sulfate 
                 adequacy 
                 adequacy 
                 adequacy 
                 adequacy 
                 adequacy 
                 adequacy 
               
               
                 Mid 
                 Himilan 1605 
                 50 
                 50 
                 50 
                 50 
                 50 
                 50 
               
               
                 layer 
                 Himilan AM7329 
                 50 
                 50 
                 50 
                 50 
                 50 
                 50 
               
               
                   
                 Titanium dioxide 
                 4 
                 4 
                 4 
                 4 
                 4 
                 4 
               
               
                 Cover 
                 Elastolan XKP016N 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 50 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Elastolan XNY97A 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 100 
                 50 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Elastolan XNY90A 
                 100 
                 100 
                 100 
                 — 
                 — 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 Elastolan XNY85A 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Elastolan XNY80A 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Rabalon SR04 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Titanium dioxide 
                 4 
                 4 
                 4 
                 4 
                 4 
                 4 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Results of Evaluation 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Example 1 
                 Example 2 
                 Example 3 
                 Example 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Center 
                 Diameter (mm) 
                 39.0 
                 38.6 
                 38.6 
                 39.8 
               
               
                   
                 Central hardness Ho (Shore D) 
                 42 
                 38 
                 42 
                 44 
               
               
                   
                 Surface hardness Hs1 (Shore D) 
                 60 
                 56 
                 60 
                 62 
               
               
                   
                 Amount of compressive 
                 3.00 
                 3.60 
                 3.00 
                 2.80 
               
               
                   
                 deformation D1 (mm) 
               
               
                 Mid layer 
                 Thickness Tm (mm) 
                 1.6 
                 1.6 
                 1.6 
                 1.0 
               
               
                   
                 Hardness Hm (Shore D) 
                 63 
                 63 
                 63 
                 63 
               
               
                 Core 
                 Surface hardness Hs2 (Shore D) 
                 65 
                 65 
                 65 
                 65 
               
               
                   
                 Amount of compressive 
                 2.55 
                 3.00 
                 2.55 
                 2.55 
               
               
                   
                 deformation D2 (mm) 
               
               
                 Reinforcing 
                 Thickness Tr (mm) 
                 10 
                 10 
                 10 
                 10 
               
               
                 layer 
               
               
                 Cover 
                 Thickness Tc (mm) 
                 0.3 
                 0.5 
                 0.5 
                 0.5 
               
               
                   
                 Hardness Hc (Shore D) 
                 21 
                 32 
                 38 
                 32 
               
               
                 Ball 
                 Surface hardness Hs3 (Shore D) 
                 63 
                 63 
                 64 
                 63 
               
               
                   
                 Amount of compressive 
                 2.38 
                 2.83 
                 2.35 
                 2.38 
               
               
                   
                 deformation D3 (mm) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Difference (Hs2 − Ho) 
                 23 
                 27 
                 23 
                 21 
               
               
                 Difference (Hm − Hc) 
                 42 
                 31 
                 25 
                 31 
               
               
                 Product (Hc · Tc) 
                 6.3 
                 16.0 
                 19.0 
                 16.0 
               
               
                 Difference (Ho − Hc) 
                 21.0 
                 6.0 
                 4.0 
                 12.0 
               
               
                 Ratio (D2/D3) 
                 1.07 
                 1.06 
                 1.09 
                 1.07 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Driver 
                 Ball speed (m/s) 
                 75.6 
                 75.0 
                 75.4 
                 75.6 
               
               
                   
                 Spin rate (rpm) 
                 2520 
                 2450 
                 2500 
                 2450 
               
               
                   
                 Flight distance (m) 
                 266.6 
                 265.0 
                 266.1 
                 267.8 
               
               
                 Short iron 
                 Spin rate (rpm) 
                 6550 
                 6400 
                 6500 
                 6700 
               
               
                   
                 Difference in spin rates (rpm) 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Feel at impact 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
               
               
                 Scuff resistance performance 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
               
               
                 Durability (index) 
                 115 
                 110 
                 100 
                 120 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Results of Evaluation 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Example 5 
                 Example 6 
                 Example 7 
                 Example 8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Center 
                 Diameter (mm) 
                 38.6 
                 38.0 
                 38.0 
                 37.2 
               
               
                   
                 Central hardness Ho (Shore D) 
                 44 
                 41 
                 42 
                 40 
               
               
                   
                 Surface hardness Hs1 (Shore D) 
                 62 
                 60 
                 60 
                 60 
               
               
                   
                 Amount of compressive 
                 2.80 
                 2.98 
                 3.00 
                 2.95 
               
               
                   
                 deformation D1 (mm) 
               
               
                 Mid layer 
                 Thickness Tm (mm) 
                 1.6 
                 1.6 
                 1.6 
                 1.6 
               
               
                   
                 Hardness Hm (Shore D) 
                 63 
                 63 
                 63 
                 63 
               
               
                 Core 
                 Surface hardness Hs2 (Shore D) 
                 65 
                 65 
                 65 
                 65 
               
               
                   
                 Amount of compressive 
                 2.40 
                 2.53 
                 2.55 
                 2.50 
               
               
                   
                 deformation D2 (mm) 
               
               
                 Reinforcing 
                 Thickness Tr (mm) 
                 10 
                 10 
                 10 
                 10 
               
               
                 layer 
               
               
                 Cover 
                 Thickness Tc (mm) 
                 0.5 
                 0.8 
                 0.8 
                 1.2 
               
               
                   
                 Hardness Hc (Shore D) 
                 38 
                 18 
                 38 
                 38 
               
               
                 Ball 
                 Surface hardness Hs3 (Shore D) 
                 64 
                 63 
                 64 
                 64 
               
               
                   
                 Amount of compressive 
                 2.20 
                 2.40 
                 2.32 
                 2.28 
               
               
                   
                 deformation D3 (mm) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Difference (Hs2 − Ho) 
                 21 
                 24 
                 23 
                 25 
               
               
                 Difference (Hm − Hc) 
                 25 
                 45 
                 25 
                 25 
               
               
                 Product (Hc · Tc) 
                 19.0 
                 14.4 
                 60.8 
                 45.6 
               
               
                 Difference (Ho − Hc) 
                 6.0 
                 23.0 
                 4.0 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 Ratio (D2/D3) 
                 1.09 
                 1.05 
                 1.10 
                 1.10 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Driver 
                 Ball speed (m/s) 
                 75.6 
                 75.3 
                 75.2 
                 75.0 
               
               
                   
                 Spin rate (rpm) 
                 2550 
                 2600 
                 2580 
                 2650 
               
               
                   
                 Flight distance (m) 
                 266.5 
                 264.2 
                 264.6 
                 263.7 
               
               
                 Short iron 
                 Spin rate (rpm) 
                 6600 
                 6800 
                 6650 
                 6850 
               
               
                   
                 Difference in spin rates (rpm) 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Feel at impact 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 B 
               
               
                 Scuff resistance performance 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
               
               
                 Durability (index) 
                 100 
                 130 
                 120 
                 140 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Results of Evaluation 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Comp. 
                 Comp. 
                 Comp. 
                 Comp. 
               
               
                   
                 Example 1 
                 Example 2 
                 Example 3 
                 Example 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Center 
                 Diameter (mm) 
                 38.6 
                 38.6 
                 38.6 
                 36.4 
               
               
                   
                 Central hardness Ho (Shore D) 
                 38 
                 44 
                 42 
                 40 
               
               
                   
                 Surface hardness Hs1 (Shore D) 
                 56 
                 62 
                 60 
                 60 
               
               
                   
                 Amount of compressive 
                 3.60 
                 2.80 
                 3.00 
                 2.95 
               
               
                   
                 deformation D1 (mm) 
               
               
                 Mid layer 
                 Thickness Tm (mm) 
                 1.6 
                 1.6 
                 1.6 
                 1.6 
               
               
                   
                 Hardness Hm (Shore D) 
                 63 
                 63 
                 63 
                 63 
               
               
                 Core 
                 Surface hardness Hs2 (Shore D) 
                 65 
                 65 
                 65 
                 65 
               
               
                   
                 Amount of compressive 
                 3.00 
                 2.40 
                 2.55 
                 2.50 
               
               
                   
                 deformation D2 (mm) 
               
               
                 Reinforcing 
                 Thickness Tr (mm) 
                 10 
                 10 
                 10 
                 10 
               
               
                 layer 
               
               
                 Cover 
                 Thickness Tc (mm) 
                 0.5 
                 0.5 
                 0.5 
                 1.6 
               
               
                   
                 Hardness Hc (Shore D) 
                 38 
                 47 
                 54 
                 38 
               
               
                 Ball 
                 Surface hardness Hs3 (Shore D) 
                 64 
                 65 
                 66 
                 64 
               
               
                   
                 Amount of compressive 
                 2.78 
                 2.10 
                 2.20 
                 2.24 
               
               
                   
                 deformation D3 (mm) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Difference (Hs2 − Ho) 
                 27 
                 21 
                 23 
                 25 
               
               
                 Difference (Hm − Hc) 
                 25 
                 16 
                 9 
                 25 
               
               
                 Product (Hc · Tc) 
                 19.0 
                 23.5 
                 27.0 
                 30.4 
               
               
                 Difference (Ho − Hc) 
                 0.0 
                 −3.0 
                 −12.0 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 Ratio (D2/D3) 
                 1.08 
                 1.14 
                 1.16 
                 1.12 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Driver 
                 Ball speed (m/s) 
                 75.1 
                 75.2 
                 75.4 
                 74.7 
               
               
                   
                 Spin rate (rpm) 
                 2400 
                 2450 
                 2500 
                 2750 
               
               
                   
                 Flight distance (m) 
                 265.3 
                 264.2 
                 263.3 
                 261.1 
               
               
                 Short iron 
                 Spin rate (rpm) 
                 6300 
                 6100 
                 5900 
                 7000 
               
               
                   
                 Difference in spin rates (rpm) 
                 B 
                 C 
                 C 
                 A 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Feel at impact 
                 B 
                 B 
                 B 
                 A 
               
               
                 Scuff resistance performance 
                 A 
                 B 
                 B 
                 A 
               
               
                 Durability (index) 
                 99 
                 80 
                 70 
                 160 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As is clear from Tables 3 to 5, the golf balls of Examples are excellent in all terms of the resilience performance, spin performance, scuff resistance performance, feel at impact and durability. Accordingly, advantages of the present invention are clearly indicated by these results of evaluation. 
     The description herein above is merely for illustrative examples, and various modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention.