Patent Publication Number: US-9854433-B2

Title: Apparatus, system, and method for detecting the presence and controlling the operation of mobile devices within a vehicle

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/195,276, filed Mar. 3, 2014, entitled “APPARATUS, SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR DETECTING THE PRESENCE AND CONTROLLING THE OPERATION OF MOBILE DEVICES WITHIN A VEHICLE,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/041,209, filed on Mar. 4, 2011, entitled “APPARATUS, SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR DETECTING THE PRESENCE AND CONTROLLING THE OPERATION OF MOBILE DEVICES WITHIN A VEHICLE,” now U.S. Pat. No. 8,718,536, which claimed the benefit of U.S. Provisional Pat. Appl. No. 61/433,854, filed Jan. 18, 2011, entitled “APPARATUS, SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR DETECTING THE PRESENCE AND CONTROLLING THE OPERATION OF MOBILE DEVICES WITHIN A VEHICLE,” each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Mobile devices such as wireless devices, including, for example, cellular telephones, smart phones, laptop computers, notebook computers, tablet devices (e.g., iPad by Apple®) are ubiquitous in modern society. Use of such mobile devices while operating a vehicle, however, can be hazardous. The problem is exacerbated for inexperienced operators of the vehicle, such as youngsters just learning how to drive. Rates of vehicular accidents where mobile devices are involved are rising, especially with teenagers. Text messaging while operating a moving vehicle can be dangerous and has been linked with causing accidents. More generally, operating any keyboard while operating a vehicle can be dangerous. 
     Thus, the widespread adoption of mobile devices and common use of the devices while driving has raised concerns about the distraction of drivers. A driver speaking or text messaging on a mobile telephone may become mentally distracted from driving and lose control of the vehicle that he or she is driving. Thus, it is not uncommon to see an individual involved in an accident who was speaking or text messaging on a mobile device rather than paying attention to the road. Studies now suggest that individuals speaking on mobile telephones while driving a car may be as impaired as a person who drives while intoxicated. Not only is the driver mentally distracted, but eyes of the driver are diverted for dialing, looking to see who an incoming call is from. 
     It would be highly desirable to detect the presence of a mobile device such as a wireless device within a vehicle and control or disable the operation of the mobile device. 
     SUMMARY 
     In one embodiment, a method for determining the presence of a mobile device located in a predetermined detection zone within a vehicle is provided. A detection module receives a communication signal. The detection module determines that the communication signal was transmitted by a mobile device located within a predetermined detection zone within a vehicle. A control module transmits a control signal to the mobile device located within the predetermined detection zone. 
    
    
     
       FIGURES 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a vehicle that includes a cabin for accommodating an individual in a driver seat. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates one embodiment of a mobile device detection and control system. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates one embodiment of a power sensor circuit for detecting the energy radiated by the electromagnetic signal transmitted by the mobile device. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates one embodiment of a power sensor circuit comprising a tuning circuit with a scanner in series with the antenna. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a schematic diagram of a multi-band detector for monitoring uplink activity of the mobile device. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates an interior portion of the vehicle comprising one embodiment of the mobile device detection and control system located within the dashboard of the vehicle. 
         FIG. 7  illustrates one embodiment of a logic diagram for determining the presence of a mobile device located in a predetermined detection zone within a vehicle. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION 
     The present disclosure describes embodiments of an apparatus, system, and method for detecting the presence of a mobile device such as a wireless device and controlling or disabling the operation of the mobile device when it is detected. In particular, the present disclosure is directed to embodiments of an apparatus, system, and method for detecting the presence of a mobile device such as a wireless device in a predetermined location within a vehicle and disabling some or all of the functions of the mobile device when it is detected in the predetermined location. More particularly, the present disclosure is directed to automatically preventing a person in the driver&#39;s seat of a vehicle from text messaging and doing other similar excessively dangerous activities with the mobile device. 
     It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to particular aspects or embodiments described, as such may vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular aspects or embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting, since the scope of the apparatus, system, and method for detecting the presence of a mobile device within a vehicle and controlling the operation of the mobile device when it is detected is defined only by the appended claims. 
     In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides an apparatus, system and method for detecting and restricting the use of mobile devices within a vehicle, whether the vehicle is moving or stationary. Mobile devices, such as wireless devices, may include without limitation, for example, cellular telephones, smart phones, laptop computers, notebook computers, tablet devices (e.g., iPad by Apple®), Netbook®, among other wireless mobile devices that a user can interact with while located in a vehicle. In one embodiment, the presence of a mobile device in the driver&#39;s side area of the vehicle is detected by at least one sensor located within the vehicle. When the presence of the mobile device is detected, the operation of the mobile device is controlled, disabled, or modified with respect to the person located in the driver side area of the vehicle but not with respect to other persons located in other areas of the vehicle. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a vehicle  100  that includes a cabin  104  for accommodating an individual in a driver seat  106 . It will be appreciated in accordance with the present disclosure that the term vehicle is used broadly and is meant to include any kind of transportation vehicle. For example, the vehicle  100  may be any type of automobile, truck, sport utility vehicle, aircraft, watercraft, spacecraft, or any other means of transportation, or combinations thereof, where communications by the driver using a mobile device is to be detected and controlled. 
     Disposed on or within the dashboard  108  of the vehicle  100  is a mobile device detection and control system  102 . In one embodiment, the mobile device detection and control system  102  is configured to detect the presence of a mobile device located in the driver seat  106  side of the vehicle  100  and control the operation of the mobile device by either jamming the mobile device, jamming certain functions or aspects of the mobile device, or redirecting the operation of the mobile device to a hands-free alternate system. In other embodiments, at least some elements or components of the mobile device detection and control system  102  may be located in other areas of the vehicle  100 . 
     It may be desirable to place detection and jamming elements of the mobile device detection and control system  102  as close to the driver as possible. For example, sensors and directional antennas of the mobile device detection and control system  102  may be located in proximity of the driver seat  106 . This configuration provides the more precise detection of the presence of the mobile device in the driver seat  106  side of the vehicle  100  and prevents interference with other mobile devices or other persons located within the vehicle  100  to allow persons in the passenger seats to use the mobile device while the driver is unable to. Other elements or components such as control logic may be located in other locations of the vehicle  100  away from the driver seat  106 . 
     In one embodiment, the mobile device detection and control system  102  is configured to detect signal transmissions from mobile devices located in or proximity of a detection zone. In accordance with the described embodiments, the detection zone is defined as a zone substantially in or in proximity of the driver seat  106  side of the vehicle  100 . In other embodiments, however, the detection zone may be any predefined zone within the vehicle  100 , without limitation. In one aspect, the detection portion of the mobile device detection and control system  102  may tuned to detect signal transmissions in frequency bands used by conventional mobile telephones operating in common cellular channels. Once the signals are detected, the mobile device detection and control system  102  wirelessly controls the operation of the mobile device in one or more ways. For example, in one embodiment, the mobile device detection and control system  102  transmits control signal to disable the operation of the mobile device by way of jamming signals that interfere with the communication mechanism of the mobile device. While the jamming signals are transmitted, the mobile device or other communication device within the detection zone is rendered either inoperable or operable only in a state of limited capacity. The jamming signals forcibly interfere with the communication mechanism of the mobile device by broadcasting noise or other signals on one or more channels used by the mobile device. In other embodiments, a jamming signal may be interpreted by the mobile device to disable one or more functions of the mobile device. In such an embodiment, the jamming signal may be communicated to the mobile device through a secondary channel, such as a Bluetooth wireless connection or any other connection that is secondary to the primary cellular communication channel. In some embodiments, the jamming module may communicate on the primary communication channel of the mobile device only or in addition to one or more secondary channels. 
     Accordingly, the mobile device detection and control system  102  can either completely block the ability to receive or send a call on a mobile device, or sufficiently interfere with the mobile device signal so as to make the mobile device usage undesirable. For example, if the jamming signal simply interrupts a sufficient portion of the conversation, the user will simply either postpone the conversation or pull over so the conversation can continue uninterrupted. In another embodiment, the mobile device detection and control system  102  may disable the operation of certain components or functions of the mobile device. For example, the keyboard portion of the mobile device may be jammed to prevent the user from using the text messaging function of the mobile device. In another embodiment, the mobile device detection and control system  102  may direct the operation of the mobile device to a hands-free operation. These and other embodiments are discussed in more detail hereinbelow. 
     In one embodiment, the mobile device detection and control system  102  initiates the detection process by transmitting probing signals to detect the presence of a mobile device within a detection zone. Once the probing signals are transmitted, the detection and control system  102  waits for an echo signal reflected by the mobile device or a response signal transmitted by the mobile device. If the detection and control system  102  detects the echo signal or a transmission by the mobile device, the detection and control system  102  transmits a control signal to control the operation of the mobile device. For example, in one embodiment, the detection and control system  102  transmits a control signal to disable the operation of the mobile device by way of jamming signals that interfere with the communication mechanism of the mobile device. In another embodiment, the detection and control system  102  may reroute communications to a hands-free system, such as a Bluetooth communication system. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates one embodiment of a mobile device detection and control system  102 . In one embodiment, the mobile device detection and control system  102  is configured to detect the presence of a mobile device  200  located in or in proximity of the driver seat  106  area of the vehicle  100 . Once the mobile device  200  is detected, the mobile device detection and control system  102  is configured to control the operation of the mobile device  200 . In one embodiment, the mobile device detection and control system  102  comprises a detector module  202  and a control module  204  coupled to the detector module  202 . The detector module  202  comprises a multi-band antenna  208  to receive signal transmissions from the mobile device  200  and the control module  204  comprises an antenna  210  to transmit control signal to the mobile device  200 . In various embodiments, the detector module  202  and the control module  204  may share an antenna when these components are located in proximity of each other. 
     In various embodiments, the mobile device  200  may be implemented as a handheld portable device, computer, mobile telephone, sometimes referred to as a smartphone, tablet personal computer (PC), laptop computer, or any combination thereof. Examples of smartphones include, for example, Palm® products such as Palm® Treo® smartphones (now Hewlett Packard or HP), Blackberry® smart phones, Apple® iPhone®, Motorola Droid®, and the like. Tablet devices include the iPad® tablet computer by Apple® and more generally a class of lightweight portable computers known as Netbooks. In some embodiments, the mobile device  200  may be comprise, or be implemented as, any type of wireless device, mobile station, or portable computing device with a self-contained power source (e.g., battery) such as a laptop computer, ultra-laptop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA) with communications capabilities, cellular telephone, combination cellular telephone/PDA, mobile unit, subscriber station, user terminal, portable computer, handheld computer, palmtop computer, wearable computer, media player, pager, messaging device, data communication device, and so forth. 
     In one embodiment, the detector module  202  is configured to detect presence of the mobile device  200  located within a detection zone  220  defined as a three-dimensional zone within or in proximity of the driver seat  106 . Methods of detecting the presence of the mobile device  200  may vary based on the wireless technology communication standards used by the mobile device  200 . Examples of wireless technology communication standards that may be used In the United States, for example, may include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) systems, North American Digital Cellular (NADC) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Extended-TDMA (E-TDMA) systems, Narrowband Advanced Mobile Phone Service (NAMPS) systems, 3G systems such as Wide-band CDMA (WCDMA), 4G systems, CDMA-2000, Universal Mobile Telephone System (UMTS) systems, Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN) (a TDMA/GSM variant) and so forth. These wireless communications standards are fully familiar to those of ordinary skill in the art. The frequency and signal strength of the radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted by the mobile device  200  depend on the network type and communication standard. The detector module  202  detects the RF signal, or simply electromagnetic energy radiation, transmitted by the mobile device  200 , generally speaking. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the detector module  202  may be configured to lock onto specific cellular frequencies or cellular frequency bands or may be configured to scan all the available cellular frequencies or cellular frequency bands and lock onto the RF signal emitted by the mobile device  200 . 
     In one embodiment, the detector module  202  may comprise a sensor module  216  coupled to the multi-band antenna  208 . The sensor module  216  may be tuned to detect energy at a predetermined signal strength in the electromagnetic signal  206 , e.g., RF signal, emitted by the mobile device  200  and received by the antenna  208 . It will be appreciated that the signal strength or power of the energy radiated by the electromagnetic signal  206  emitted by the mobile device  200  will be greatest when the mobile device  200  is making an outbound call or otherwise communicating with a cellular base station (e.g., searching for base station signals or in contact with a base station or cell). Very little energy in the electromagnetic signal  206  is radiated when the mobile device  200  is turned off or when it is not communicating with the cellular base station. In the latter case, when the mobile device  200  is turned on but is not communicating with the cellular base station, the mobile device  200  possibly may be detected only if the detector module  202  comprises extremely sensitive components. Most conventional mobile devices  200  radiate energy at a power level ranging from about 0.5 milliwatts (mW) to about several hundred mW. A detector module  202  of suitable sensitivity can be configured to detect electromagnetic signals  206  in this range of power level. Many radio electronic equipment are capable of detecting low-level power in the electromagnetic signal  206  and is one reason why airlines are very sensitive about electronic equipment that operates at key points of the flight, why some electronic equipment should be turned off near blast sites, and why cellular phones should be turned off around some types of hospital equipment. 
     It is well known that a mobile device  200 , such as, for example, a cellular telephone using the GSM standard, generates detectable radio interference. It is well known to users of GSM cellular telephones that if the cellular telephone is used in the vicinity of an electronic device (such as, for example, a radio receiver, stereo system, TV set, a wired/fixed telephone or even another GSM cell phone), the radio transmissions from the GSM cell phone may be inadvertently “picked up” by the electronic device and a signal proportional to the envelope of the radio transmission may be produced inside the electronic device. In fact, this typically unwanted signal may even disrupt the operation of the electronic device. For example, it is particularly well known that GSM cellular telephones present a potential hazard for wearers of heart pacemakers, as the GSM signal may disrupt proper pacemaker operation if the phone is very near to the wearer&#39;s chest. 
     In one embodiment, the sensor module  216  is configured to exploit the detectable radio interference of the electromagnetic signal  206  generated by the mobile device  200  when it is communicating with the cellular base station. When the sensor module  216  of the detector module  202  detects the electromagnetic signal  206 , it assumes the presence of a mobile device  200  located within the detection zone  220 , i.e., in or in proximity of the driver seat  106 , and communicates a signal  212  to the control module  204 . Disposed in communication with the control module  204  is a jamming module  218 . In one embodiment, when the control module  204  receives the signal  212  from the detection module, the jamming module  218  transmits a jamming signal  214  via the antenna  210  that is detectable only by the mobile device  200  when located in the detection zone  220 . In various embodiments, the electromagnetic jamming signal  214  may be a signal that disables the operation of the mobile device  200 , may disable certain functionality of the mobile device  200 , or may redirect the operation of the mobile device  200  to a hands-free operation. The control module  204  may be disposed in communication with a system of the vehicle  100 , such as the ignition system  224 , the gear box  226 , or a variety of sensors  228 . The control module  204  logic then monitors a function of a system of the vehicle  100  in addition to the detection of the presence of the mobile device  200 . Accordingly, the jamming module  218  would be activated only when a monitored function of the vehicle  100  is activated. For example, when the sensor module  216  detects the presence of a mobile device  200  in the detection zone  220 , the jamming module  218  would be activated only when the vehicle  100  is turned on, when the vehicle  100  is moved out of park or otherwise put in gear, or when one or more sensors detect that the operation of the vehicle  100 . 
     In one embodiment, the sensor module  216  may comprise an energy harvester to harvest the energy in the electromagnetic signal  206  transmitted by the mobile device  200 . The energy harvester receives the radiated energy at the antenna  208  and converts the energy into a voltage potential to energize the detector module  202  and communicate the signal  212  to the control module  204 . In other embodiments, the energy harvester may be separate from the sensor module  216  and the voltage potential produced by the energy harvester may be used to energize the sensor module  216 . In any embodiment, the voltage potential produced by the energy harvester is employed to determine the presence of a mobile device  200  in the detection zone  220 . Accordingly, the sensitivity of the sensor module  216  is adjusted such that the energy harvester is sensitive only to the radiated energy levels that typically occur when the mobile device  200  is located within the detection zone  220  and not sensitive to electromagnetic energy transmitted by mobile devices  222  located outside the detection zone  220 . In this manner, passengers can freely use their mobile devices  222  outside the detection zone  220  without triggering the detector module  202 . 
     In other embodiments, the detector module  202  may be coupled to the electrical system of the vehicle  100  and powered by the vehicle battery, or may be powered by a separate battery. In such embodiments, the detector module  202  comprises a frequency scanning and power level measurement module that measures the power of the electromagnetic signal  206  transmitted by the mobile device  200 . Accordingly, the sensitivity of the detector module  202  can be tuned to trigger the detection signal  212  when the detector module  202  detects transmit power levels that correspond to the mobile device  200  being located in the detection zone  220  without triggering the detection signal  212  for transmit power levels corresponding to the mobile devices  222  located outside the detection zone  220 . This may be accomplished by strategically locating a directional multi-band antenna  208  such that it is maximally sensitive to transmit power level radiated by the mobile device  200  located in the detection zone  220  and minimally sensitive to transmit power levels to the mobile devices  222  located outside the detection zone  220 . 
     In one embodiment, the control module  204  may comprise a communications jamming module  218  coupled to the antenna  210 . The jamming module  218  is disposed in communication with the antenna  210 . The antenna  210  emits a jamming signal  214  to thereby disrupt mobile device  200  signals and prevent or otherwise interfere with the ability to make or receive calls with the mobile device  200 . The jamming module  218  and the antenna  210  may be powered by the electrical system of the vehicle  100 , or may be powered by a separate battery. The jamming module  218  may be any device that transmits a jamming signal  214  that causes interference or inoperability of the mobile device  200 . In some embodiments, the jamming module  218  may broadcast noise or a specialized signal that is selected to interfere with one or more of the communications frequencies of the mobile device  200 . For example, the jamming module  218  may broadcast noise or a repeated interfering signal on the control channel frequencies for a cellular phone system. In some embodiments, the jamming module  218  may transmit on a narrow frequency band, while in other embodiments a very broad frequency band may be selected. The precise method for interfering with the mobile device  200  by the jamming module  218  is dependent on the transmission and reception characteristics of the mobile device  200 . Those skilled in the art may use any appropriate jamming module  218  for any specific mobile device  200  device contemplated. 
     In accordance with one aspect, the jamming module  218  may be mounted in the vehicle  100 . When activated, the jamming module  218  inhibits the ability to send or receive a mobile telephone call with a mobile terminal  200  located in the detection zone  220 . Depending on the wattage of the jamming module  218  (or the use of a directional antenna), the zone in which the mobile device  200  is jammed may be controlled. Thus, for example, the jamming module  218  may be set to effectively jam telephone calls to or from the mobile device  200  for a space of 1-3 feet from the location of the jamming device  218 , or in a direction which interferes with the ability of the driver to receive a telephone call, place a telephone call, or send a text message but not interfere with other passengers&#39; ability to receive or initiate mobile telephone calls or send test messages. 
     In one embodiment, the antenna  210  may be positioned under the dashboard of the vehicle  100  or up on the driver side windshield. Alternatively, a directional antenna could be placed in the driver&#39;s seat to interfere with the driver making calls or sending text messages. 
     In one embodiment, the control module  204  may be used to prevent communications by the operator of the vehicle  100  when the mobile device  200  is detected in the detection zone  220  in combination with either an ignition switch, transmission switch, or other vehicular sensor mechanism. In one embodiment, an ignition switch may be monitored to cause the jamming module  218  to broadcast only when a mobile device  200  is detected in the driver seat  106  side of the vehicle  100  and the ignition switch is turned on, which would require the operator of the vehicle  100  to shut down the vehicle  100  to establish outside communications. The jamming module  218  would prevent any further communications until the vehicle  100  was switched off. In another embodiment, the jamming module  218  may be activated only when a mobile device  200  is detected in the detection zone  220  and an automatic transmission in the vehicle  100  is moved out of “park” and into a position where the vehicle  100  may move. When such a system is in place, the operator of the vehicle  100  must stop the vehicle  100  and either move the transmission to “park” or turn off the engine to operate the mobile device  200 . 
     In one embodiment, the jamming module  218  may be configured to operate within the confines of the vehicle  100 . In some cases, the antenna  210  coupled to the jamming module  218  of the control module  204  may be configured with a predetermined power level and directional attributes to direct the jamming signals  214  merely in the detection zone  220  such that other occupants of the vehicle  100  can continue to operate other mobile devices  222 . In such cases, the jamming signals  214  may be generally confined within the detection zone  220  of the vehicle  100 . In some embodiments, the jamming signals  214  may be localized to other areas within the vehicle  100  so that operation of a mobile device in that area is disabled, but leaving other mobile devices outside of that area operational. 
     In various embodiments, the antenna  210  and power level of the jamming signal  214  may be configured to deliver the jamming signal very precisely to the detection zone  220 . In one embodiment, this may be implemented with a directional antenna located within the vehicle  100  where maximum jamming is delivered to the detection zone  220  and minimal jamming power is delivered outside the jamming zone  220 . In such embodiments, the detector module  202  may be configured to indiscriminately detect any transmissions from all mobile devices  200 ,  222  within the vehicle  100  and the jamming module  218  would only transmit jamming signals to the detection zone  220  to jam the mobile device  200  within the detection zone  220  without affecting the mobile devices  22  outside the detection zone  220 . Such implementation would not care whether or not a mobile device is located within the detection zone  220 , thus simplifying the design of the detector module  202 . 
     In one embodiment, the jamming module  218  may permit incoming calls to the mobile device  200  but prohibit outgoing calls to the mobile device  200 . When the detector module  202  detects the energy in the electromagnetic signal  206  from an attempted outgoing call by the mobile device  200 , the signal  212  activates the jamming signal  214 . In such an embodiment, the detector module  202  may comprise additional modules to discern the identity of the mobile device  200  and enable the control module  204  to transmit the jamming signal  214  after the identity of the mobile device  200  is confirmed. 
     In other embodiments, the sensor module  216  may be used to detect and permit or deny any type of operation of the mobile device  200 . For example, calls may be received by the mobile device  200  but placed calls may be jammed. In another example, some calls, such as emergency calls, may be permitted to be placed while other outgoing calls are jammed. Any other function of the mobile device  200  that may be detected may be selectively permitted or disabled by the jamming module  218 . 
     In one embodiment, the mobile device  200  may receive the jamming signal  214  and operate in a reduced function mode. For example, the mobile device  200  may be prohibited from initiating a phone call except for emergency calls to 911. In another example, the mobile device  200  may be permitted to receive all calls or calls from a predefined list of callers while being prohibited from placing calls. Various reduced function modes may be used and in some embodiments a setting may define the precise operations allowed. 
     In one embodiment, control module  204  initiates the detection process by transmitting probing signals to detect the presence of a mobile device  200  within a detection zone  220 . Once the probing signals are transmitted, the detector module  202  waits for an echo signal reflected by the mobile device  200  or a response signal transmitted by the mobile device  200 . If the detector module  202  detects the echo signal or a transmission by the mobile device  200 , the control module  204  transmits a control signal to control the operation of the mobile device  200 . For example, in one embodiment, jamming module  218  transmits a control signal to disable the operation of the mobile device  200  by way of jamming signals  214  that interfere with the communication mechanism of the mobile device  200 . In another embodiment, the control module  204  may reroute communications to a hands-free system, such as a Bluetooth communication system. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates one embodiment of a power sensor circuit  300  for detecting the energy radiated by the electromagnetic signal  206  transmitted by the mobile device  200 . The illustrated power sensor circuit  300  is one embodiment of a sensor module  216  described in connection with  FIG. 2 . The power sensor circuit  300  also converts the energy in the radiated electromagnetic signal  206  to a voltage potential indicative of the location of the mobile device  200 . In the illustrated embodiment, the power sensor circuit  300  is not connected to the power source of the vehicle  100  or to a separate battery. Rather, the power sensor circuit  300  is one implementation of an energy harvester circuit which derives its power only from the energy radiated by the electromagnetic signal  206  transmitted by the mobile device  200 . The electromagnetic signal  206  detected by the antenna  208  is filtered by tuning circuit  306  to match the most common frequency bands used by mobile devices. In one embodiment, the tuning circuit  306  may comprise an inductor L and a capacitor C selected to tune the power sensor circuit  300  to the desired frequency band. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the tuning circuit may be implemented using digital or analog tuning techniques and therefore the embodiment disclosed in  FIG. 3  is not limiting. 
     The diode D rf  is an RF diode and acts to partially rectify the electromagnetic signal  206  received by the antenna  208  and tuned by the L-C circuit. The output of the RF diode charges a capacitor C o  to a predetermined potential V d . Thus, the power sensor circuit  300  converts the radiated electromagnetic signal  206  to a voltage potential V d  that corresponds to the location of the mobile device  200  within the vehicle  100 . With reference now to both  FIGS. 2 and 3 , when the voltage potential V d  across the output capacitor C o  exceeds a predetermined level, it indicates the presence of a mobile device  200  within the detection zone  220 . The voltage potential V d  is compared to a threshold voltage V t  by a comparator  306 . The threshold voltage V t  is predetermined as the voltage level corresponding to the mobile device  200  being located in the detection zone  220 . The output of the comparator  306  is provided to a detection logic module  304 , which may be part of the detector module  202 . The detection logic module  304  then generates a detection signal  212  and communicates the detection signal  212  to the control module  204 . Upon receiving the detection signal  212 , the control module  204  activates the jamming module  218  to interfere with the operation of the mobile device  200 . As previously discussed, in certain embodiments, the jamming module  218  may be activated only if other logical conditions are met such as the state of the ignition system, the gear box, or other sensors. 
     Still with reference to  FIGS. 2 and 3 , it may be desirable to determine when to shut off the jamming module  218 . Accordingly, in one embodiment, once the V d  signal is provided to the control module  204 , the detection logic module  304  activates a switch  302  to discharge the output capacitor C o . Substantially at the same time, the jamming circuit  218  is turned off. If the mobile device  200  is still activated in the detection zone  220 , the electromagnetic signal  208  would be picked up by the antenna  208  to charge the capacitor C o  and generate a voltage potential V d  to activate the jamming module  218 . This cycle would be repeated until the mobile device  200  is either removed from the detection zone  220  such that the radiated electromagnetic signal  208  is too weak to activate the power sensor circuit  300  or the mobile device  200  is deactivated or shut off such that there is little or no radiated electromagnetic signal  208 . 
     In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the tuning circuit  306  may be implemented to have a bandwidth encompassing the most popular cellular telephone frequencies. Since the tuning circuit  306  is fixed, it is tuned to a wide frequency band to receive electromagnetic signals  208  from about 0.8 to about 2 GHz, as shown in TABLE 1 below. In other embodiments, however, as described in connection with  FIG. 4 , the tuning circuit  306  may include a frequency band scanner to switch between multiple tuning elements and scan the detection zone  220  for multiple frequencies to more precisely tune the power sensor circuit  300  to the appropriate frequency band of the mobile device  200  located in the detection zone  220 . 
       FIG. 4  illustrates one embodiment of a power sensor circuit  400  comprising a tuning circuit  406  with a scanner  402  in series with the antenna  208 . The scanner  402  is controlled by the logic module  404  and sweeps multiple frequency bands. With reference now to  FIGS. 2-4 , the logic module  404  periodically switches tuning elements L 1 , L 2 , L n , into the tuning circuit  406  to monitor various frequency bands associated with the mobile device  200  located in the detection zone  220 . The voltage potential V d  is compared to a threshold voltage V t  by a comparator  406 . The threshold voltage V t  is predetermined as the voltage level corresponding to the mobile device  200  being located in the detection zone  220 . In other respects, the power sensor circuit  400  shown in  FIG. 4  operates in a manner similar to the power sensor circuit  300  shown in  FIG. 3 . 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a schematic diagram of a multi-band detector  500  for monitoring uplink activity of the mobile device  200 . In the illustrated embodiment, the multi-band detector  500  provides high-speed scanning of cell phone uplink frequency bands for CDMA, GSM, PCS, and WCDMA. An uni-directional multi-band antenna  508  receives signals  506  from a mobile device located in the detection zone  220 . A scanner  510  continuously scans CDMA, GSM, PCS, and WCDMA frequency bands for mobile devices  200  located in the detection zone  220  that are in active or idle state. A detector module  502  provides a detection signal  512  to the control module  504  for activating a jamming module when a signal  506  is detected, as previously discussed. The up-link frequencies covered by the multi-band detector  500  shown in  FIG. 5  are listed in TABLE 1 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Air Interface 
                 Frequency Band (MHz) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 North America 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 GSM-850, GSM-900,  
                  824-849  
               
               
                   
                 CDMA, Cellular 
                  890-915  
               
               
                   
                 GSM-1900/PCS-1900 
                 1850-1910 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 European Union/Asia/Australia 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 E-GSM-900 
                    880-915   
               
               
                   
                 GSM 1800 (DCS-1800) 
                 1710.2-184.8 
               
               
                   
                 WCDMA/UMTS 
                   1920-1980  
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The multi-band detector  500  may be implemented using a variety of components to detect radiated energy in the signal  506  received by the uni-directional multi-band antenna  508  and make RF power measurements at low levels by the detector module  502  in order to detect the presence of a mobile device  200  in the detection zone  220 . The RF power level may be measured directly or may be sampled. Recently, a number of integrated RF power detectors have become available, intended for wireless networking and mobile telephone applications. Since these integrated circuits are produced in high-volume using integrated-circuit technology, they are consistent and inexpensive—often cheaper than typical microwave diodes, such as RF diode D rf  shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4 . Many of them are specified for operation into the GHz region, covering several amateur microwave bands, and a few operate to 10 GHz and beyond. 
     In one embodiment, the RF power detector module  502  may be implemented with an LTC5508 integrated circuit from Linear Technologies rated up to 7 GHz, which is well within the bandwidth required for mobile devices frequency bands shown in TABLE 1. This integrated circuit requires operate a few milliamps at 3 to 5 volts and would be connected to the power supply of the vehicle or to a separate battery. An LT5534 logarithmic-amplifier type detector rated up to 3 GHz with 60 dB of dynamic range may be employed to amplify the RF power signal detected by the LTC5508 integrated circuit. 
     The multi-band detector  500  may be employed to measure RF power transmitted by the mobile device  200  and also antenna radiation pattern measurement. The sensitivity of the multi-band detector  500  may be useful for low-level power measurements as an “RF Sniffer” to detect RF leakage from the mobile device  200 . The multi-band detector  500  provides fast response so that it may be used to detect modulation and to detect noise levels from the multi-band antenna  506 . 
       FIG. 6  illustrates an interior portion of the vehicle  100  comprising one embodiment of the mobile device detection and control system  102  located within the dashboard  108  of the vehicle  100 .  FIG. 6  illustrates three potential locations within the dashboard  108  where the mobile device detection and control system  102  can be located. It will be appreciated that the detection and control system  102  may be located in one or more of these locations on or within the dashboard  108 . It would be preferable that the detection and control system  102  be located within the dashboard  108  to prevent user tampering. Accordingly, the detection and control system  102  is shown is phantom to indicate that the detection and control system  102  is located within the dashboard  108 . In another embodiment, the control module  203  may be configured with a data collection process to record a situation when the detection and control system  102  was deactivated by an owner of the vehicle  100  with or without the help of a car mechanic. Such tamper recording and detection feature may be helpful in post accident investigations to determine if the detection and control system  102  was disabled and thus voiding insurance coverage, for example. 
     With reference now to  FIGS. 1-6 , the mobile device detection and control system  102  comprises a detector module  202  and a control module  204  coupled to the detector module  202 . The detector module  202  detects the presence of a mobile device  200  within the detection zone  220  (“Discovery Umbrella”). When the detector module  202  detects the presence of a mobile device  200  within the detection zone  220 , the control module  204  activates the jamming module  218 , which transmits the control signal  214 . The control signal  214  interferes with the operation of the mobile device  200  when it is located within the detection zone  220  without interfering with mobile devices  222  located outside the detection zone  220 . 
     In one embodiment, the mobile device detection and control system  102  may be triggered when the driver enters the vehicle  100 . Upon being triggered, the mobile device detection and control system  102  is initialized and goes into detection mode to establish a no-communication system (“NoCom system”). The detection mode is a process wherein the mobile device detection and control system  102 , through one or more sensor(s) and logic detects the presence of all electromagnetic signals  206  such as RF, Wi-Fi, Cellular, and Satellite communications signals from the mobile device  200 . In one embodiment, the detection process is initiated by the mobile device detection and control system  102 , which is not dependent upon a driver&#39;s interaction to initiate the detection process. Decoupling the process from the driver, young and old, is advantageous because it avoids reliance on self policing, which currently has failed to work even with laws presently enacted. Thus, the triggering condition may be the activation of a switch such as the ignition switch  602  of the vehicle  100  or deactivation of a “park” sensor  604  of an automatic transmission of the vehicle  100 , among other sensors. 
     Accordingly, upon ignition of the vehicle  100 , the mobile device detection and control system  102  would initiate the detection process via logic that controls the operation of the detection module  202  and the control module  204 . In accordance with the detection process, logic would instruct the sensor module  216  to initiate sensing or scanning for any type of communication signals  206  emitted by the mobile device  200  within the detection  220  within the driver side  106  area of the vehicle  100 . In one embodiment, the sensor module  216  may be located within the dashboard  108  console and or within a microphone of a hands-free set. This configuration would hide the sensor module  216  and prevent drivers from tampering with the mobile device detection and control system  102  by blocking the sensor module  216  or prevent activation of the detection process. In one embodiment, the sensor module  216  may be coupled to the ignition  602  to render the vehicle  100  inoperable if the sensor module  216  is blocked. 
     The logic provides a detection process for detecting communication signals  206  emitted by the mobile device  200  located within the detection zone  220  to prevent the driver from adequately using the mobile device  200 . The detection process will detect and take control of the driver side mobile device  200 . The logic, however, will not prevent passengers from using their mobile devices  222  outside the detection zone  220 . 
     Once the detection process is initiated, if the mobile device  200  is a smart phone and is detected within the detection zone  220 , in one embodiment, the mobile device detection and control system  102  can automatically connect to the vehicle  100  hands-free communication system. If no hands-free communication system is available, the mobile device  200  would be disabled by the control signals  214  transmitted by the jamming module  218 . Nevertheless, the mobile device detection and control system  102  would always allow emergency 911 calls. 
     Additionally, once the detection process is initiated, if the mobile device  200  is a smart phone and is detected within the detection zone  220 , in one embodiment, the mobile device detection and control system  102  is configured to disable inbound/outbound text messaging features of the mobile device  200 . In one embodiment, all inbound text messages would be saved as is the case currently. In one embodiment, the mobile device detection and control system  102  is configured through logic to read back the text via the Bluetooth/hands-free system as well as reply via voice activated text via the Bluetooth/hands-free communication system. In such an embodiment, the jamming module  216  may communicate with the mobile device  200  through a secondary channel, such as a Bluetooth wireless connection or any other connection that is secondary to the primary cellular communication channel. In some embodiments, the jamming module  216  may communicate only on the primary communication channel of the mobile device  200  or in addition to one or more secondary cellular communication channels. 
     Moreover, once the detection process is initiated, if the mobile device  200  is a smart phone and is detected within the detection zone  220 , in one embodiment, the mobile device detection and control system  102  is configured to disable inbound/outbound emailing features. In one embodiment, all inbound emails would be saved as is the case currently. The mobile device detection and control system  102  is configured through the logic module to read back the email via the Bluetooth/hands-free system as well as reply via voice activated email via the Bluetooth/hands-free communication system. 
     Furthermore, once the detection process is initiated, if the mobile device  200  is an iPad® or a Netbook® device and is detected within the detection zone  220 , in one embodiment, the mobile device detection and control system  102  is configured to disable inbound/outbound text messaging/emailing features. All inbound emails would be saved as is the case currently. The mobile device detection and control system  102  is configured through the logic module to read back the email/text via the Bluetooth/hands-free system as well as reply via voice activated email/text via the Bluetooth/hands-free communication system. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates one embodiment of a logic diagram  700  for determining the presence of a mobile device located in a predetermined detection zone within a vehicle. With reference now to  FIGS. 1-7 , in one embodiment, the detection module  202  receives  702  a communication signal  206 . The detection mule  202  determines  704  that the communication signal  206  was transmitted by a mobile device  200  located within a predetermined detection zone  220  within a vehicle  100 . The control module  204  transmits  706  a control signal  214  to the mobile device  200  located within the predetermined detection zone  220 . 
     In one embodiment, the detection module  202  transmits a detection signal  212  to the control module  204  when a voltage potential V d  substantially equals a predetermined threshold value V t , wherein the voltage potential of the predetermined threshold value V t  indicates the presence of the mobile device  200  within the predetermined detection zone  220 . 
     In one embodiment, the detection module  202  scans for a plurality frequency bands associated with the mobile device  200 . The radiated power level of the communication signal  206  in the plurality of frequency bands received by the detection module  202  are monitored by the detection module  202 . The detection module  202  transmits a detection signal  212  to the control module  204  when the measured radiated power level substantially equals at least predetermined value V t . 
     In one embodiment, the detection module  202  harvests the energy in the received communication signal  206  and generates a voltage potential corresponding to the location of the mobile device  200  within the detection zone  220 . 
     In one embodiment, the control module  204  monitors a functional system of the vehicle  100 . The transmission of the control signal  214  is activated when the monitored functional system is activated and the detection module  202  determines that the communication signal was transmitted by the mobile device  200  located within the predetermined detection zone  220 . In one embodiment, the functional system of the vehicle  100  is any one of an ignition system  224 , a transmission system  226 , and a sensor  228 . 
     In one embodiment, when the control module  204  receives the detection signal  212 , the control module  204  either jams the mobile device  200 , jams at least one function of the mobile device  200 , or redirects the operation of the mobile device  200  to a hands-free alternate system. 
     In various embodiments, the mobile device  200  may be configured to provide voice and/or data communications functionality in accordance with different types of wireless network systems or protocols. Examples of suitable wireless network systems offering data communication services may include the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.xx series of protocols, such as the IEEE 802.1a/b/g/n series of standard protocols and variants (also referred to as “WFi”), the IEEE 802.16 series of standard protocols and variants (also referred to as “WiMAX”), the IEEE 802.20 series of standard protocols and variants, and so forth. Additionally, the mobile device  200  may utilize different types of shorter range wireless systems, such as a Bluetooth system operating in accordance with the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) series of protocols, including Bluetooth Specification versions v1.0, v1.1, v1.2, v1.0, v2.0 with Enhanced Data Rate (EDR), as well as one or more Bluetooth Profiles, and so forth. Other examples may include systems using infrared techniques or near-field communication techniques and protocols, such as electromagnetic induction (EMI) techniques. An example of EMI techniques may include passive or active radio-frequency identification (RFID) protocols and devices. 
     The various illustrative functional elements, logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor can be part of a computer system that also has a user interface port that communicates with a user interface, and which receives commands entered by a user, has at least one memory (e.g., hard drive or other comparable storage, and random access memory) that stores electronic information including a program that operates under control of the processor and with communication via the user interface port, and a video output that produces its output via any kind of video output format. 
     The functions of the various functional elements, logical blocks, modules, and circuits elements described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be performed through the use of dedicated hardware as well as hardware capable of executing software in association with appropriate software. When provided by a processor, the functions may be provided by a single dedicated processor, by a single shared processor, or by a plurality of individual processors, some of which may be shared. Moreover, explicit use of the term “processor” or “controller” should not be construed to refer exclusively to hardware capable of executing software, and may implicitly include, without limitation, DSP hardware, read-only memory (ROM) for storing software, random access memory (RAM), and non-volatile storage. Other hardware, conventional and/or custom, may also be included. Similarly, any switches shown in the figures are conceptual only. Their function may be carried out through the operation of program logic, through dedicated logic, through the interaction of program control and dedicated logic, or even manually, the particular technique being selectable by the implementer as more specifically understood from the context. 
     The various functional elements, logical blocks, modules, and circuits elements described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may comprise a processing unit for executing software program instructions to provide computing and processing operations for the mobile device detection and control system  102 . The processing unit may be responsible for performing various voice and data communications operations between the mobile device  200  and the hands-free system. Although the processing unit may include a single processor architecture, it may be appreciated that any suitable processor architecture and/or any suitable number of processors in accordance with the described embodiments. In one embodiment, the processing unit may be implemented using a single integrated processor. 
     The functions of the various functional elements, logical blocks, modules, and circuits elements described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in the general context of computer executable instructions, such as software, control modules, logic, and/or logic modules executed by the processing unit. Generally, software, control modules, logic, and/or logic modules include any software element arranged to perform particular operations. Software, control modules, logic, and/or logic modules can include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures and the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. An implementation of the software, control modules, logic, and/or logic modules and techniques may be stored on and/or transmitted across some form of computer-readable media. In this regard, computer-readable media can be any available medium or media useable to store information and accessible by a computing device. Some embodiments also may be practiced in distributed computing environments where operations are performed by one or more remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, software, control modules, logic, and/or logic modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices. 
     Additionally, it is to be appreciated that the embodiments described herein illustrate example implementations, and that the functional elements, logical blocks, modules, and circuits elements may be implemented in various other ways which are consistent with the described embodiments. Furthermore, the operations performed by such functional elements, logical blocks, modules, and circuits elements may be combined and/or separated for a given implementation and may be performed by a greater number or fewer number of components or modules. As will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading the present disclosure, each of the individual embodiments described and illustrated herein has discrete components and features which may be readily separated from or combined with the features of any of the other several aspects without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Any recited method can be carried out in the order of events recited or in any other order which is logically possible. 
     It is worthy to note that any reference to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. The appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” or “in one aspect” in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. 
     Unless specifically stated otherwise, it may be appreciated that terms such as “processing,” “computing,” “calculating,” “determining,” or the like, refer to the action and/or processes of a computer or computing system, or similar electronic computing device, such as a general purpose processor, a DSP, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein that manipulates and/or transforms data represented as physical quantities (e.g., electronic) within registers and/or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the memories, registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices. 
     It is worthy to note that some embodiments may be described using the expression “coupled” and “connected” along with their derivatives. These terms are not intended as synonyms for each other. For example, some embodiments may be described using the terms “connected” and/or “coupled” to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other. The term “coupled,” however, may also mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other, but yet still co-operate or interact with each other. With respect to software elements, for example, the term “coupled” may refer to interfaces, message interfaces, application program interface (API), exchanging messages, and so forth. 
     It will be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be able to devise various arrangements which, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the present disclosure and are included within the scope thereof. Furthermore, all examples and conditional language recited herein are principally intended to aid the reader in understanding the principles described in the present disclosure and the concepts contributed to furthering the art, and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited examples and conditions. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and embodiments as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass both structural and functional equivalents thereof. Additionally, it is intended that such equivalents include both currently known equivalents and equivalents developed in the future, i.e., any elements developed that perform the same function, regardless of structure. The scope of the present disclosure, therefore, is not intended to be limited to the exemplary aspects and aspects shown and described herein. Rather, the scope of present disclosure is embodied by the appended claims. 
     The terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents used in the context of the present disclosure (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. Recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”, “in the case”, “by way of example”) provided herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention. It is further noted that the claims may be drafted to exclude any optional element. As such, this statement is intended to serve as antecedent basis for use of such exclusive terminology as solely, only and the like in connection with the recitation of claim elements, or use of a negative limitation. 
     Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member may be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. It is anticipated that one or more members of a group may be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. 
     While certain features of the embodiments have been illustrated as described above, many modifications, substitutions, changes and equivalents will now occur to those skilled in the art. It is therefore to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the scope of the disclosed embodiments.