Patent Publication Number: US-2021180178-A1

Title: Evaporation source and deposition apparatus including the same

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This U.S. non-provisional patent application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0168256, filed on Dec. 16, 2019, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The present disclosure relates to an evaporation source and a deposition apparatus including the same, and in particular to an evaporation source, which includes a level control portion suppressing fluctuation of a deposition source material, and a deposition apparatus including the same. 
     A physical vapor deposition (PVD) method (e.g., a vacuum evaporation method, an ion plating method, or a sputtering method) or a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method using a gas reaction is used to form a thin film on a substrate. 
     A deposition apparatus, which is used to perform the vacuum deposition, has an evaporation source which includes a storage containing a deposition source material, a heating portion heating the storage, and a nozzle portion ejecting the deposition source material. 
     One of the evaporation sources is a linear-type evaporation source that extends in a specific direction. The linear-type evaporation source can be used to effectively form a deposition layer on a substrate of a large area. 
     SUMMARY 
     An embodiment of the inventive concept provides an evaporation source, which allows a deposition process to be performed at a constant deposition rate throughout the deposition process, and a deposition apparatus including the same. 
     According to an embodiment of the inventive concept, an evaporation source may include a storage, a level control portion, a nozzle portion, a housing, and a heating portion. 
     In an embodiment, the storage may be a storing structure and may include a crucible, which is used to contain a deposition source material, and a partition, which divides a space formed by the crucible into a plurality of internal spaces. In an embodiment, the deposition source material may be an organic material. 
     In an embodiment, the crucible may include a rectangular bottom portion whose long sides extends in a first direction and whose short sides extends in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, and a sidewall portion which extends from the bottom portion in a third direction crossing both of the first direction and the second direction. 
     In an embodiment, the partition may be provided to cross the long side of the crucible. A height of the sidewall portion in the third direction may be greater than a height of the partition in the third direction. 
     In an embodiment, the level control portion may divide each of the isolated spaces, which are the internal space of the crucible defined by the partition, into a plurality of sub-spaces. 
     In an embodiment, the level control portion may have a lattice structure in a plan view. The level control portion may be disposed in the isolated spaces, respectively, which are the internal space of the crucible defined by the partition, and may be permanently affixed to the storage or detachably inserted into the plurality of internal spaces respectively. 
     In an embodiment, a height of the level control portion in the third direction may be equal to or smaller than the height of the partition. 
     In an embodiment, the level control portion may be formed of or include titanium (Ti). 
     In an embodiment, the level control portion may include a first plate and a second plate which serve as a plurality of separating walls. The first plate may have a flat surface that is parallel to a plane formed by the first direction and the third direction. The second plate may be provided to cross the first plate and may have a flat surface that is parallel to a plane formed by the second direction and the third direction. 
     In an embodiment, a plurality of the second plates may be provided to cross the first plate and may be spaced apart from each other in the second direction. 
     In an embodiment, the first plate may include a first opening which is formed at at least one edge of the first plate and allows the deposition source material to communicate therethrough. The second plate may include a second opening which is formed at at least one edge of the second plate and allows the deposition source material to communicate therethrough. 
     In an embodiment, the storage may further include a fastening portion which is provided on the bottom portion of the crucible and is combined to the first opening or the second opening to fasten the level control portion. 
     In an embodiment, the nozzle portion may be placed on the storage and is used to eject the deposition source material. The nozzle portion may include a nozzle plate having a flat surface which is substantially parallel to the bottom portion of the crucible, and at least one nozzle protruding from the nozzle plate. 
     In an embodiment, the evaporation source may further include a radiant heat blocking plate having a hole in which the nozzle is inserted, and covering the nozzle plate. 
     In an embodiment, the storage and the nozzle portion may be contained in the housing. 
     In an embodiment, the heating portion may be disposed between the storage and the housing and may be used to heat the crucible. 
     In an embodiment, a deposition apparatus may include a chamber, the evaporation source which is disposed in the chamber and is configured to eject the deposition source material, and an evaporation source transfer which is disposed in the chamber and is used to transfer the evaporation source. 
     In an embodiment, the chamber may include a first chamber and a second chamber disposed adjacent to each other. 
     In an embodiment, the evaporation source may be configured to provide the deposition source material to the first chamber and the second chamber in an alternating manner. The evaporation source may include a plurality of evaporation sources which are arranged to be parallel to each other. 
     In an embodiment, the evaporation source transfer may be used to transfer the evaporation source from one of the first chamber and the second chamber to the other. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Example embodiments will be more clearly understood from the following brief description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings represent non-limiting, example embodiments as described herein. 
         FIG. 1  is a plan view schematically illustrating a structure of a deposition apparatus according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. 
         FIG. 2  is a sectional view illustrating a schematic structure of a deposition apparatus according to an embodiment of the inventive concept, taken along a moving path of an evaporation source. 
         FIG. 3  is an exploded perspective view illustrating an evaporation source according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view illustrating an evaporation source according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. 
         FIG. 5  is a sectional view taken along a line I-I′ of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view illustrating a level control portion according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. 
         FIGS. 7 and 8  are perspective views, each of which illustrates a level control portion according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. 
         FIG. 9  is a perspective view illustrating a portion of an evaporation source according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. 
         FIG. 10  is a sectional view illustrating a portion of an evaporation source according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. 
     
    
    
     It should be noted that these figures are intended to illustrate the general characteristics of methods, structure and/or materials utilized in certain example embodiments and to supplement the written description provided below. These drawings are not, however, to scale and may not precisely reflect the precise structural or performance characteristics of any given embodiment, and should not be interpreted as defining or limiting the range of values or properties encompassed by example embodiments. For example, the relative thicknesses and positioning of molecules, layers, regions and/or structural elements may be reduced or exaggerated for clarity. The use of similar or identical reference numbers in the various drawings is intended to indicate the presence of a similar or identical element or feature. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Example embodiments of the inventive concepts will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which example embodiments are shown. 
     Example embodiments of the inventive concepts may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those of ordinary skill in the art. In the drawings, the thicknesses of layers and regions are exaggerated for clarity. Like reference numerals in the drawings denote like elements, and thus their description will be omitted. 
     It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly connected” or “directly coupled” to another element, there are no intervening elements present. Like numbers indicate like elements throughout. As used herein the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements or layers should be interpreted in a like fashion (e.g., “between” versus “directly between,” “adjacent” versus “directly adjacent,” “on” versus “directly on”). 
     It will be understood that, although the terms “first”, “second”, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of example embodiments. 
     Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature&#39;s relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. 
     The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises”, “comprising”, “includes” and/or “including,” if used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and/or groups thereof. 
     Example embodiments of the inventive concepts are described herein with reference to cross-sectional illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments (and intermediate structures) of example embodiments. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, example embodiments of the inventive concepts should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which example embodiments of the inventive concepts belong. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly-used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. 
       FIG. 1  is a plan view schematically illustrating a structure of a deposition apparatus according to an embodiment of the inventive concept, and  FIG. 2  is a sectional view illustrating a schematic structure of a deposition apparatus according to an embodiment of the inventive concept, taken along a moving path of an evaporation source. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , a deposition apparatus DPS according to an embodiment of the inventive concept may include a chamber CHM, in which a substrate is placed, an evaporation source SC, which is provided in the chamber CHM, and a evaporation source transfer MM, which is provided in the chamber CHM and is used to transfer the evaporation source SC. 
     The chamber CHM may provide a space for a deposition process which is performed on the substrate. 
     The deposition apparatus DPS may be configured to have only one chamber CHM, but in an embodiment, it may include a plurality of chambers CHM, as shown in  FIG. 1 . The following description will refer to an example, in which the chamber CHM includes a first chamber CHM 1  and a second chamber CHM 2  provided adjacent to each other. 
     The first chamber CHM 1  may provide a space for a deposition process which is performed on a first substrate SUB 1  and the second chamber CHM 2  may provide a space for a deposition process which is performed on a second substrate SUB 2 . 
     A vacuum pump (not shown) may be connected to each of the first and second chambers CHM 1  and CHM 2 . The vacuum pump may be used to vacuumize an internal space of each of the first and second chambers CHM 1  and CHM 2 . 
     Each of the first and second chambers CHM 1  and CHM 2  may include a deposition region in which the deposition process is substantially performed and a deposition waiting region which is provided at a side of the deposition region. 
     The first chamber CHM 1  may include a first deposition region DPA 1 , in which the deposition process on the first substrate SUB 1  is performed, and a first deposition waiting region WTA 1  and a second deposition waiting region WTA 2  which are provided at opposite sides of the first deposition region DPA 1  with the first deposition region DPA 1  interposed between the first deposition waiting region WTA 1  and the second deposition waiting region WTA 2 . 
     The second chamber CHM 2  may include a second deposition region DPA 2  in which the deposition process on the second substrate SUB 2  is performed and a third deposition waiting region WTA 3  and a fourth deposition waiting region WTA 4  which are provided at opposite sides of the second deposition region DPA 2 . 
     The first and second chambers CHM 1  and CHM 2  may further include a swing region SWA which is disposed between the second deposition waiting region WTA 2  of the first chamber CHM 1  and the third deposition waiting region WTA 3  of the second chamber CHM 2 . The first and second chambers CHM 1  and CHM 2  may share the swing region SWA. 
     The evaporation source SC may provide a deposition source material to the substrate. In an embodiment, the deposition source material may be an organic material. 
     One evaporation source SC may be used for a deposition, but in an embodiment, a plurality of evaporation sources SC may be used for the deposition to constitute an evaporation source group SCG, as shown in  FIG. 1 . In the case where various deposition source materials are deposited on the substrate, two or more evaporation sources SC may be provided in the deposition apparatus DPS. In such a case, the evaporation sources SC may be arranged to be parallel to each other. The evaporation source SC will be described in more detail below. 
     The evaporation source transfer MM may be used to move the evaporation source SC in each of the first and second chambers CHM 1  and CHM 2 . In addition, the evaporation source transfer MM may be used to transfer the evaporation source SC from the first chamber CHM 1  to the second chamber CHM 2  or vice versa. 
     In an embodiment, the evaporation source SC may be configured to provide the deposition source material to the first and second chambers CHM 1  and CHM 2  in an alternating manner. 
     The evaporation source SC in the first chamber CHM 1  may reciprocate between the first deposition waiting region WTA 1  and the second deposition waiting region WTA 2  through the first deposition region DPA 1 . The evaporation source SC may move along a first path PTH 1  which passes through the first deposition waiting region WTA 1 , the first deposition region DPA 1 , and the second deposition waiting region WTA 2 . When the deposition process on the first substrate SUB 1  is not performed, the evaporation source SC may be placed in the first deposition waiting region WTA 1  or the second deposition waiting region WTA 2 . When the deposition process on the first substrate SUB 1  is performed, the evaporation source SC may provide the deposition source material to the first substrate SUB 1  while reciprocating between opposite ends of the first substrate SUB 1  several times along the first path PTH 1  in the first deposition region DPA 1 . 
     When the deposition process in the first chamber CHM 1  is finished, the evaporation source SC may be transferred to the second chamber CHM 2 . The evaporation source SC may move from the second deposition waiting region WTA 2  of the first chamber CHM 1  to the third deposition waiting region WTA 3  of the second chamber CHM 2  through the swing region SWA. The evaporation source SC may move along a second path PTH 2  which passes through the second deposition waiting region WTA 2  of the first chamber CHM 1 , the swing region SWA, and the third deposition waiting region WTA 3  of the second chamber CHM 2 . The second path PTH 2  is illustrated to be linear, but the inventive concept is not limited to this example. For example, in an embodiment, the second path PTH 2  may be set to form a curved line (e.g., an arc shape). 
     The evaporation source SC, which is moved to the second chamber CHM 2 , may reciprocate between the third deposition waiting region WTA 3  and the fourth deposition waiting region WTA 4  of the second chamber CHM 2  through the second deposition region DPA 2 . The evaporation source SC may move along a third path PTH 3 , which passes through the third deposition waiting region WTA 3 , the second deposition region DPA 2 , and the fourth deposition waiting region WTA 4 . 
     Similar to that in the first chamber CHM 1 , when the deposition process on the second substrate SUB 2  is not performed, the evaporation source SC may be placed in the third deposition waiting region WTA 3  or the fourth deposition waiting region WTA 4 , and when the deposition process on the second substrate SUB 2  is performed, the evaporation source SC may provide the deposition source material to the second substrate SUB 2  while reciprocating between opposite ends of the second substrate SUB 2  several times along the third path PTH 3  in the second deposition region DPA 2 . 
       FIG. 3  is an exploded perspective view illustrating an evaporation source according to an embodiment of the inventive concept.  FIG. 4  is a perspective view illustrating an evaporation source according to an embodiment of the inventive concept, and  FIG. 5  is a sectional view taken along a line I-I′ of  FIG. 3 .  FIG. 6  is a perspective view illustrating a level control portion according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. Hereinafter, the evaporation source SC will be described in more detail. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 3 to 5 , the evaporation source SC may include a storage STP, a level control portion LCP, a nozzle portion NZP, an inner plate IP, a radiant heat blocking plate HCP, a heating portion HTP, and a housing HUG. 
     The storage STP may be used to store the deposition source material and may include a crucible CR and a partition PT sectioning an internal space of the crucible CR. 
     In an embodiment, the crucible CR may be a rectangular parallelepiped structure, whose long sides are parallel to a first direction D 1 , whose short sides are parallel to a second direction D 2  that is orthogonal to the first direction D 1 , and whose height is measured in a third direction D 3  that is orthogonal to both of the first and second directions D 1  and D 2 . 
     The crucible CR may include a bottom portion BP which is provided to have a rectangular shape and a sidewall portion WL which extends from the bottom portion BP in a direction perpendicular to the bottom portion BP to determine the height of the crucible CR. 
     In an embodiment, the partition PT may be a plate-shape structure which has a flat surface parallel to a plane formed by the second and third directions D 2  and D 3  and is provided to cross the long side of the crucible CR. 
     A length of the partition PT in the third direction D 3  (hereinafter, a height of the partition PT) may be shorter than a length of the sidewall portion WL in the third direction D 3  (hereinafter, a height of the sidewall portion WL). 
     In an embodiment, at least one partition PT may be provided to divide the internal space of the crucible CR into a plurality of internal spaces. The partition PT may separate the deposition source material, which is contained in the crucible CR, into a plurality of portions and may prevent the deposition source material from being distributed ununiformly in the crucible CR. 
     Although not shown, the partition PT may include a passage, through which the deposition source material can communicate each other. Due to the passage in the partition PT, it may be possible to maintain an amount of the deposition source material contained in each of the internal spaces of the crucible CR that are divided by the partition PT. 
     The partition PT and the crucible CR may be provided to form a single structure, for example, the partition PT may be permanently affixed to the crucible CR. In an embodiment, the crucible CR and the partition PT may be formed of or include the same material, for example, titanium (Ti). 
     The level control portion LCP may divide the internal spaces of the crucible CR, which are divided by the partition PT, into a plurality of smaller internal spaces (sub-spaces). The level control portion LCP may divide the deposition source material, which is contained in the crucible CR, into a plurality of smaller portions and may prevent the deposition source material from being distributed ununiformly in the crucible CR. 
     The level control portion LCP may be inserted into each of the internal spaces of the crucible CR, which are divided by the partition PT, and may be affixed to or separated from the storage STP. In the case where the level control portion LCP is separated from the storage STP, the level control portion LCP and the storage STP may be easily cleaned. 
     The level control portion LCP may be formed of or include the same material as that of the crucible CR and the partition PT. For example, the level control portion LCP may be formed of or include titanium (Ti). 
     Referring to  FIGS. 5 and 6 , the level control portion LCP may have a lattice structure in a plan view. The level control portion LCP may include separating walls, which are disposed in each of the isolated spaces of the crucible CR divided by the partition PT to divide each of the internal spaces into a plurality of sub-spaces. 
     The level control portion LCP may include a first plate P 1  and a second plate P 2  which are provided across each other and thereby serve as the separating walls. The following description will refer to an example, in which the first plate P 1  and the second plate P 2  are disposed to be perpendicular to each other, but the inventive concept is not limited to this example. 
     In an embodiment, the first plate P 1  may be a plate-shaped structure, which has a flat surface parallel to a plane formed by the first and third directions D 1  and D 3 . A length of the first plate P 1  in the third direction D 3  (i.e., a height of the first plate P 1 ) may be smaller than the height of the sidewall portion WL. In addition, the height of the first plate P 1  may be substantially the same as or smaller than the height of the partition PT. A length of the first plate P 1  in the first direction D 1  may be substantially the same as or smaller than a width of the internal space of the crucible CR which is defined by the partition PT in the first direction D 1 . 
     The second plate P 2  may be a plate-shaped structure which has a flat surface parallel to a plane formed by the second and third directions D 2  and D 3 . A length of the second plate P 2  in the third direction D 3  (i.e., a height of the second plate P 2 ) may be substantially the same as the height of the first plate P 1 . However, the inventive concept is not limited to this example, and the height of the first plate P 1  and the height of the second plate P 2  may be different from each other. A length of the second plate P 2  in the second direction D 2  may be substantially the same as a width of the internal space of the crucible CR defined by the partition PT in the second direction D 2 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , the level control portion LCP may be configured to include a plurality of second plates P 2 . In the case where the plurality of the second plates P 2  are provided, the second plates P 2  may be spaced apart from each other by a constant distance. 
     Each of the first and second plates P 1  and P 2  may include an opening, though which the deposition source material can communicate each other. 
     The first plate P 1  may have a first opening OP 1  which is formed at at least one edge portion thereof and allows the deposition source material to communicate in the second direction D 2 . The first opening OP 1  may be formed in a lower edge portion of the first plate P 1  adjacent to the bottom portion BP of the crucible CR. In certain embodiments, the first opening OP 1  may be formed in an upper edge portion of the first plate P 1  that is opposite to the lower edge portion of the first plate P 1 . The first opening OP 1  may be formed in the upper edge portion and the lower edge portion of the first plate P 1 . 
     The second plate P 2  may have a second opening OP 2 , which is formed at at least one edge thereof and allows the deposition source material to communicate in the first direction D 1 . The second opening OP 2  may be formed in a lower edge portion of the second plate P 2  adjacent to the bottom portion BP of the crucible CR. In certain embodiments, the second opening OP 2  may be formed in an upper edge portion of the second plate P 2  that is opposite to the lower edge portion of the second plate P 2 . The second opening OP 2  may be formed in the upper edge portion and the lower edge portion of the second plate P 2 . 
     In the case where the first and second openings OP 1  and OP 2  are respectively provided in the upper edge portions of the first and second plates P 1  and P 2 , the level control portion LCP may be inserted into the internal space of the crucible CR divided by the partition PT without any restriction in its insertion direction. 
     In an embodiment, each of the first and second openings OP 1  and OP 2  may be spaced apart from an intersection point of the first and second plates P 1  and P 2  by a specific distance. 
     The nozzle portion NZP may be provided on the storage STP and may be used to eject the deposition source material. The nozzle portion NZP may include a nozzle plate NP and at least one nozzle NZ which protrudes from the nozzle plate NP. 
     The nozzle plate NP may have a flat surface, which is substantially parallel to the bottom portion BP of the crucible CR, and may be stably placed on the sidewall portion WL of the storage STP. 
     In an embodiment, the nozzle portion NZP may be configured to include a plurality of nozzles NZ which are spaced apart from each other in the first direction D 1  by the constant distance or in a specific manner. In an embodiment, the nozzles NZ which are arranged in the first direction D 1  may be disposed to have at least two different distances, as shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4 . The distance between the nozzles NZ may be variously changed depending on the kind of the evaporation material, the size of the storage STP, or the size of the deposition target (i.e., the substrate). 
     The nozzle NZ may have a nozzle hole NZ-H which is formed to penetrate the nozzle NZ and the nozzle plate NP, and an evaporation material in the storage STP may be ejected to the outside of the evaporation source SC through the nozzle NZ and may be deposited on the substrate. 
     The inner plate IP may be placed between the storage STP and the nozzle portion NZP and may have a plurality of dispersion holes IP-H. The inner plate IP may be used as a filter. In addition, the inner plate IP may be configured to uniformly provide the evaporation material, which is evaporated from the storage STP, to the nozzle NZ. 
     The inner plate IP may be disposed on a supporting portion, which is defined by the sidewall portion WL of the crucible CR. However, the inventive concept is not limited to this example, and in an embodiment, the storage STP may further include an additional support (not shown), on which the inner plate IP can be disposed. 
     The radiant heat blocking plate HCP may be disposed on the nozzle portion NZP. The radiant heat blocking plate HCP may have a hole HCP-H, in which the nozzle NZ is inserted, and may cover the nozzle plate NP. The radiant heat blocking plate HCP may be disposed on the housing HUG. 
     The radiant heat blocking plate HCP may prevent or suppress heat, which is emitted from the heating portion HTP, from being supplied into the chamber CHM. Accordingly, it may be possible to prevent heat, which is emitted from the heating portion HTP and the storage STP, from affecting the deposition process or causing the damage of the chamber CHM. 
     The radiant heat blocking plate HCP may be formed of or include a material whose heat transfer rate and heat dissipation rate are relatively low. For example, the radiant heat blocking plate HCP may be formed of or include at least one of manganese (Mn), titanium (Ti), ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , boron nitride (PBN), aluminum nitride (ALN), or steel use stainless (SUS). 
     The heating portion HTP may be configured to heat the storage STP and to evaporate the deposition source material in the storage STP. The heating portion HTP may be placed at the outside of the sidewall portion WL of the crucible CR. However, the inventive concept is not limited to this example, and in an embodiment, the heating portion HTP may be placed to enclose the sidewall portion WL and/or the bottom portion BP of the crucible CR. 
     In an embodiment, a plurality of the heating portions HTP may be provided. In such a case, temperatures of the heating portions HTP may be controlled in the simultaneous or independent manner. 
     The housing HUG may be used to contain the storage STP, the nozzle portion NZP, and the heating portion HTP. In an embodiment, the housing HUG may include a bottom cover portion BCP, which is parallel to a plane formed by the first direction D 1  and the second direction D 2 , and a side cover portion SCP, which extends from the bottom cover portion BCP in a direction perpendicular to the bottom cover portion BCP (e.g., the third direction D 3 ). In an embodiment, the radiant heat blocking plate HCP may be placed on and fastened to the side cover portion SCP. The heating portion HTP may be affixed to an inner side surface of the side cover portion SCP. 
     According to an embodiment of the inventive concept, since the evaporation source SC and the deposition apparatus DPS include the level control portion LCP, it may be possible to suppress fluctuation of the deposition source material, which may occur when the evaporation source SC is transferred. 
     According to the conventional technology, in the case where a deposition process is immediately performed after moving the evaporation source SC from the first chamber CHM 1  to the second chamber CHM 2  or from the second chamber CHM 2  to the first chamber CHM 1 , the deposition process may be performed by using the deposition source material which is distributed ununiformly in the internal space of the crucible CR, at its starting point. This may cause a difference in deposition rate (Å/s) between start and end points of the deposition process. 
     However, according to an embodiment of the inventive concept, the level control portion LCP may be used to prevent the fluctuation of the deposition source material, and thus, it may be possible to uniformly maintain the deposition rate (Å/s) in the deposition process throughout the deposition process. As a result, the deposition layer may be uniformly formed on the substrate. 
     Hereinafter, an evaporation source and a deposition apparatus according to an embodiment of the inventive concept will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, a previously described element may be identified by the same reference number without repeating an overlapping description thereof, for the sake of brevity. 
       FIGS. 7 and 8  are perspective views, each of which illustrates a level control portion according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7 , a level control portion LCP- 1  according to an embodiment of the inventive concept may include a plurality of the first plates P 1  and a plurality of the second plates P 2 . 
     The first plates P 1  may be spaced apart from each other by a specific distance and may be parallel to each other. Each of the first plates P 1  may include the first opening OP 1 , through which the deposition source material can communicate. 
     The second plates P 2  may be spaced apart from each other by a specific distance and may be parallel to each other. Each of the second plates P 2  may be disposed to cross the first plates P 1 . Each of the second plates P 2  may include the second opening OP 2 , through which the deposition source material can communicate. 
     Referring to  FIG. 8 , a level control portion LCP- 2  according to an embodiment of the inventive concept may include an opening OP, which is provided at an intersection point of the first and second plates P 1  and P 2  and allows the deposition source material to communicate therethrough. The opening OP may be formed at an intersection point of the first and second plates P 1  and P 2  at upper edges and lower edges. 
       FIG. 9  is a perspective view illustrating a portion of an evaporation source according to an embodiment of the inventive concept, and  FIG. 10  is a sectional view illustrating a portion of an evaporation source according to an embodiment of the inventive concept. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 9 and 10 , the storage STP may further include a fastening portion FP which is used to fasten the level control portion LCP. 
     The fastening portion FP may be provided on the bottom portion BP of the crucible CR. The fastening portion FP may protrude from the bottom portion BP of the crucible CR and may be combined to the first or second opening OP 1  or OP 2  of the level control portion LCP.  FIG. 10  illustrates an example, in which the fastening portion FP is combined to the first opening OP 1  of the level control portion LCP, but the inventive concept is not limited to this example. For example, the fastening portion FP may be provided at a position corresponding to the second opening OP 2  and may be combined to the second opening OP 2 . In an embodiment, a plurality of the fastening portions FP may be provided, and in this case, the fastening portions FP may be combined to the first and second openings OP 1  and OP 2 , respectively. At least a portion of the first and second opening OP 1  or OP 2  of the level control portion LCP may have a size greater than the fastening portion to have an extra portion through which the deposition source material can communicate. 
     In the case where the level control portion LCP is fastened to the fastening portion FP, the level control portion LCP may be prevented from being moved within the internal space of the crucible CR defined by the partition PT. 
     In an embodiment, it may be possible to use the level control portion LCP fastened to the storage STP, even when the length of the first plate P 1  in the first direction D 1  is smaller than the width, in the first direction D 1 , of the internal space of the crucible CR defined by the partition PT or the length of the second plate P 2  in the second direction D 2  is smaller than the width, in the second direction D 2 , of the internal space of the crucible CR defined by the partition PT. 
     According to an embodiment of the inventive concept, an evaporation source and a deposition apparatus including the same may be configured to suppress fluctuation of a deposition source material, which may occur when an evaporation source is transferred in a process chamber, and this makes it possible to uniformly form a deposition layer throughout the entire deposition process. 
     While example embodiments of the inventive concepts have been particularly shown and described, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that variations in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the attached claims.