Patent Publication Number: US-4584296-A

Title: Pesticidal compositions

Description:
The present invention relates to pesticidal compositions which contain, as active ingredient, a combination of the benzoylurea of the formula ##STR4## known from the British Patent Specification No. 1,589,259, with Phosphamidon of the formula ##STR5## known from the U.S. Pat. No. 2,908,605, or with a phosphoric acid ester of the formula ##STR6## wherein R 1  =hydrogen (Monocrotophos) or R 1  =methyl (Dicrotophos), both known from the U.S. Pat. No. 2,802,855, or with Chlordimeform of the formula ##STR7## known from the U.S. Pat. No. 3,911,012, or with Profenofos of the formula ##STR8## known from the German Offenlegungsschrift No. 2,249,462, in a ratio of 1:20 to 10:1, to the use thereof for controlling various pests on animals and plants, as well as to the use thereof in control processes in which the pesticides A, B, C, D or E to be mixed are used either successively with a short intervening time or simultaneously from different containers. 
     Mixtures of substances of various classes, for example of formamidines, ureas, carbamates, phosphoric acid esters or pyrethoids, have already been described as being synergistically effective preparations in the field of pest control. It has however been shown that the known combination preparations do not in every case satisfy to the desired extent the demands made of them in practice with respect in particular to effectiveness, toxicity and economy in application. 
     It has now been found that combinations of pesticide A with pesticide B, C, D or E in the ratio of 1:20 to 10:1, preferably 1:8 to 10:1, bring into effect a potentiating action against various pests on animals and plants, which surprisingly greatly exceeds the additive action of these combined active ingredients when used separately. The potentiating action of the pesticide A with pesticide B, C, D or E against various pests on animals and plants occurs in all control processes. There can thus be used processes in which the pesticide A and pesticides B, C, D and E, respectively, are applied premixed from one container or successively with a short intervening time or simultaneously from different containers to the locus of the pests. 
     The active-ingredient combinations of pesticide A with pesticide B, C, D or E are especially suitable for controlling all development stages of insects, for example of the orders: Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera, Heteroptera, Diptera, Thysanoptera, Orthoptera, Anoplura, Siphonaptera, Mallophaga, Thysanura, Isoptera, Psocoptera and Hymenoptera; and also phytopathogenic and zooparasitic mites and ticks of the order Acarina. 
     The combinations of the pesticide A with pesticide B, C, D or E are suitable in particular however for controlling insects that damage plants, especially insects that damage plants by eating, in crops of ornamental plants and productive plants, particularly in cotton crops (for example against Spodoptera littoralis or Heliothis virescens), and in vegetable crops (for example against Leptinotarsa decemlineata or Myzus persicae). 
     The combinations of pesticide A with pesticide B, C, D or E have a very favourable potentiating action also against flies, for example Musca domestica, and against mosquito larvae. They are characterised also by a broad ovicidal and ovilarvicidal activity. 
     The combinations of pesticide A with pesticide B, C, D or E are used in preparations, together with auxiliaries customarily employed in formulation practice, and are thus processed in a known manner for example into the form of emulsion concentrates, suspension concentrates, directly sprayable or dilutable solutions, diluted emulsions, wettable powders, soluble powders, dusts or granulates, and also encapsulations in polymeric substances and the like. The application processes, such as spraying, atomising, dusting, scattering or pouring, are selected according to the intended use. It is to be ensured in this respect that the method of application and the nature and amount of the auxiliaries used for the preparation of the composition do not appreciably influence the biological behaviour of the active-ingredient combinations. 
     The preparations are produced in a known manner, for example by the intimate mixing and/or grinding of the active ingredient A with B, C, D or E, on their own or in combination with solvents, solid carriers and optionally surface-active substances (tensides). Suitable solvents are: aromatic hydrocarbons, preferably the fractions C 8  to C 12 , that is, xylene mixtures up to substituted naphthalenes, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, alcohols and glycols, as well as ethers and esters thereof, strongly polar solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethylformamide, and also water. The solid carriers used, for example for dusts and dispersible powders, are as a rule natural mineral fillers, such as calcite, talcum, kaolin, montmorillonite or attapulgite. To improve the physical properties, it is also possible to add highly dispersed silicic acid or highly dispersed absorbent polymers. Suitable granulated carriers are porous types, for example pumice, ground brick, sepiolite and bentonite; and suitable nonsorbent carriers are materials such as calcite or sand. There can also be used a great number of pre-granulated materials of inorganic or organic nature, such as dolomite or ground plant residues. 
     Depending on the nature of the active-ingredient-combination to be formulated, suitable surface-active substances are nonionic, cationic and/or anionic tensides having good emulsifying, dispersing and wetting properties. 
     Suitable cationic tensides are for example quaternary ammonium compounds, for example cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Suitable anionic tensides are for example: soaps, salts of aliphatic monoesters of sulfuric acid, for example sodium lauryl sulfate, salts of sulfonated aromatic compounds, for example sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium, calcium and ammonium lignin sulfonate, butylnaphthalenesulfonate and a mixture of the sodium salts of diisopropyl- and triisopropylnaphthalenesulfonate. Suitable nonionic tensides are for example the condensation products of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols, for example oleyl alcohol or cetyl alcohol, or with alkylphenols, for example octylphenol, nonylphenol and octylcresol. Other nonionic agents are the partial esters which are derived from long-chain fatty acids and hexite anhydrides, or condensation products of these partial esters with ethylene oxide, or phospholipides or lecethins. 
     The nonionic, anionic and cationic tensides customarily used in formulation practiced are described, inter alia, in the following publication: 
     &#34;Mc Cutcheon&#39;s Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual&#34;, MC Publishing Corp., Ridgewood, N.J. (1979). 
     The preparations contain as a rule 0.1 99%, particularly 0.1 to 95%, of the active-ingredient combination A with B, C, D or E (ratio 1:20 to 10:1), 0 to 25% of a tenside and 1 to 99.9% of a solid or liquid additive. 
     The preparations can also contain other additives, such as stabilisers, antifoaming agents, viscosity regulators, binders and adhesives, as well as fertilisers, for obtaining special effects. 
     The active ingredients or active-ingredient-combinations of the pesticide A with pesticide B, C, D or E can be formulated for example as follows (values are given in percent by weight). 
    
    
     FORMULATION EXAMPLES FOR THE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS OR THE ACTIVE-INGREDIENT COMBINATIONS OF THE PESTICIDE A WITH THE PESTICIDE B, C, D OR E 
     
         ______________________________________
1. Emulsion concentrates
                   (a)      (b)    (c)
______________________________________
active ingredient or active-
                   25%      40%     5%
ingredient combination
calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
                    5%       8%    --
castor oil-polyethylene glycol
                    5%      --     20%
ether (36 mols of ethylene oxide)
tributylphenol-polyethylene glycol
                   --       12%    25%
ether (30 mols of ethylene oxide)
cyclohexanone,     --       15%    --
tetramethylurea    --       --     35%
xylene mixture     65%      25%    --
butyl alcohol      --       --      15%.
______________________________________
 
    
     Emulsions of any required concentration can be produced from concentrates of this type by dilution with water. 
     
         ______________________________________
2. Solutions        (a)    (b)    (c)   (d)
______________________________________
active ingredient or active-
                    80%    10%    5%    95%
ingredient combination
ethylene glycol-monomethyl ether
                    20%    --     --    --
polyethylene glycol M.W. 400
                    --     70%    --    --
N--methyl-2-pyrrolidone
                    --     20%    --    --
epoxidised coconut oil
                    --     --     1%     5%
ligroin (boiling limits 160-190° C.)
                    --     --     94%    --.
______________________________________
 
    
     The solutions are suitable for application in the form of very small drops. 
     
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3. Granulates       (a)    (b)
______________________________________
active ingredient or active-
                     5%    10%
ingredient combination
kaolin              94%    --
highly dispersed silicic acid
                     1%    --
attapulgite         --      90%.
______________________________________
 
    
     The active ingredient or active-ingredient combination is dissolved in methylene chloride, the solution is sprayed onto the carrier, and the solvent is subsequently evaporated off in vacuo. 
     
         ______________________________________
4. Dusts            (a)     (b)
______________________________________
active ingredient or active-
                    2%      5%
ingredient combination
highly dispersed silicic acid
                    1%      5%
talcum              97%     --
kaolin              --       90%.
______________________________________
 
    
     Dusts ready for use are obtained by the intimate mixing together of the carriers with the active ingredient or with the active-ingredient combination A with B, C, D or E. 
     Test Example 
     Stomach-poison action/contact action against: 
     (a) Heliothis virescens L 1  -larvae, normally sensitive (N), 
     (b) Heliothis virescens L 1  -larvae, resistant (R). 
     Test plant 
     Cotton, 4-leaf stage (about 20 cm in height). 
     Test conditions 
     Storage of the cotton plants at 30° C.; 60% relative humidity. 
     Test at 28° C.; 60% relative humidity. 
     Test compounds 
     1. Benzoylurea A as 5% emulsion concentrate. 
     2. Phosphamidon B as 50% emulsion concentrate. 
     3. Chlordimeform D as 50% emulsion concentrate. 
     4. Profenofos E as 50% emulsion concentrate. 
     Test 
     Cotton plants are sprayed with the emulsions of the individual components and mixtures thereof, respectively, obtained from emulsion concentrates diluted with water to give the test concentration required, the amount applied in each case being equivalent to 100 liters/hectare. After the drying of the sprayed-on coatings, the plants are kept for 7 days at 30° C. with 60% relative humidity. The plants are subsequently placed into a 20 liter vessel and each is infested with 50 freshly emerged Heliothis virescens L 1  -larvae [normally sensitive (N); resistant (R)]. 
     An assessment is made after 4 days with respect to % mortality rate and damage caused by eating. 
     
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Test results
                                       Mixture of compounds
       Compound A      Compound B      A + B
100 l/ha
       norm. sensitive
               resistant
                       norm. sensitive
                               resistant
                                       norm. sensitive
                                               resistant
Test concen-
       Heliothis
               Heliothis
                       Heliothis
                               Heliothis
                                       Heliothis
                                               Heliothis
tration in
       virescens L
               virescens L
                       Virescens L
                               virescens L
                                       virescens L
                                               virescens L
ppm    % mort.
            eat..sup.1
               % mort.
                    eat..sup.1
                       % mort.
                            eat..sup.1
                               % mort.
                                    eat..sup.1
                                       % mort.
                                            eat..sup.1
                                               % mort.
                                                    eat..sup.1
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 3                     40   1  35   1
25     60   2  45   1
3 + 25                                 90   3  80   3
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100 l/ha
Concentration in                        Mixture of compounds
g of active   Compound A   Compound D   A + D
ingredient or norm. sensitive
                           Norm. sensitive
                                        norm. sensitive
active-ingredient
               Heliothis    Heliothis   Heliothis
combination per
              virescens L  Virescens L  virescens L
hectare       % mort.
                   eat..sup.1
                           % mort.
                                eat..sup.1
                                        % mort.
                                              eat..sup.1
__________________________________________________________________________
 44           59   2
140                        59   1
44 + 140                                93    3
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                                       Mixture of compounds
       Compound A      Compound E      A + E
100 l/ha
       norm. sensitive
               resistant
                       norm. sensitive
                               resistant
                                       norm. sensitive
                                               resistant
Test concen-
        Heliothis
               Heliothis
                       Heliothis
                               Heliothis
                                       Heliothis
                                               Heliothis
tration in
       virescens L
               virescens L
                       Virescens L
                               virescens L
                                       virescens L
                                               virescens L
ppm    % mort.
            eat..sup.1
               % mort.
                    eat..sup.1
                       % mort.
                            eat..sup.1
                               % mort.
                                    eat..sup.1
                                       % mort.
                                            eat..sup.1
                                               % mort.
                                                    eat..sup.1
__________________________________________________________________________
 3                     25   1  0    1
25     60   2  45   1
3 + 25                                 85   3  75   3
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 Assessment of extent of eating damage (eat.)
 .sup.1 = as control plants
 .sup.2 = reduced damage compared with that on control plants
 .sup.3 = no eating/traces of eating