Patent Publication Number: US-2015086319-A1

Title: Apparatus and method of manipulation of articles

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present disclosure relates generally to the field of apparatus for manipulating articles, initially disposed in stacks, into individual articles, or groups of articles, disposed on an outfeed conveyor and to a method of so manipulating those articles. More particularly, though not exclusively, the disclosure relates to such an apparatus that is operable to so manipulate the articles through sliding selected ones of the articles off of a top tier of the stack, and into a hand from which those articles are transferable to the outfeed conveyor and respective method of manipulation. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In the field of packaging it is often necessary to transport blanks, for forming cartons, in stacks so as to, for example, minimise transportation and storage costs. There is, however, a need to be able to manipulate these stacks into its individual constituent units or groups of unit in order that they may be manipulable to, for example, be folded to form cartons. 
     There is, therefore, a requirement for an apparatus that may be operated to automate the process of manipulating a stack of articles, such as the blanks, in a manner that renders the articles disposed on an outfeed conveyor of the apparatus as a stream of articles or of groups of articles (wherein the word “group” as used herein encompasses group sizes of one or more articles). Such an apparatus must occupy a minimised area so as to take up as little real estate in, for instance, a packaging line as possible. 
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     The present invention seek to overcome or at least mitigate the problems of the prior art. 
     According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus for manipulating articles initially disposed in a stack, which apparatus comprises a moveable head and a receptacle, the receptacle being disposable adjacent a stack of articles and the moveable head being operable to abut and transfer a selected group of articles from the stack into the receptacle. 
     Preferably, the apparatus further comprises moveable abutment plates that are moveable into contact with one or more adjacent faces of the stack of articles so as to urge the selected group of articles in the stack into a predetermined alignment relative to the moveable head prior to transferring of the selected group of articles into the receptacle. 
     Preferably, the predetermined alignment of the selected group of articles is an alignment in which the moveable head is operable to be inserted at least partially into the stack thereby to abut the selected group of articles prior to transferring the selected group of articles to the 
     Preferably, the moveable abutment plates include front, rear, and opposite side abutment plates that are together operable to ensure the predetermined alignment of the selected group of articles with respect to the moveable head. 
     Preferably, the receptacle is moveable between a first position, in which it is located adjacent the selected group of articles in the stack, and a second position, in which the receptacle is spaced from the stack. 
     Preferably, the receptacle is additionally rotatable so as to invert the selected group of articles. 
     Preferably, the apparatus further comprises an arm that is moveable into contact with a surface of the stack and operable to one or more of: a) engage with a divider sheet disposed upon said surface, and subsequently to withdraw that divider sheet from the stack and depositing it in a divider sheet receiver; or, b) impose a downward force upon one or more groups of articles of the stack, or of a divider sheet of the stack, such that the transfer of the aforesaid selected groups of articles do not result in movement of those aforesaid one or more groups of blanks, or of that divider sheet; or, c) abut a surface of one or more divider sheets held in a receiver adjacent the stack, and to slide those one or more divider sheets from that receiver to a support means upon which the stack was initially disposed. 
     Preferably, the receptacle comprises at least one set of rotatable fingers that are operable to rotate into contact with the selected group of articles transferred into the receptacle, thereby to retain those selected group of articles in the receptacle, and rotatable away from the selected group of articles to transfer the selected group of articles to a transfer element of the apparatus. 
     Preferably, the transfer element comprises support struts that are configured to pass between the at least one set of fingers of the receptacle, such that the support struts may be brought into contact with the selected group of articles held in the receptacle prior to the at least one set of fingers being rotated away from the selected group of articles to transfer the selected group articles to the support struts, the support struts being operable to convey the selected group of articles away from the receptacle. 
     Preferably, the apparatus further comprises a pallet riser for receiving the stack and operable to one or more of: a) raise the stack such that an upper tier thereof, including the selected group of articles, is disposable adjacent the receptacle; or, b) rotate the stack about an axis thereof. 
     Preferably, the pallet riser is operable, at least, to rotate the stack, and wherein the apparatus is operable, after transfer of the selected group of articles from the stack to the receptacle, to rotate the stack such that a second selected group of articles in the upper tier is disposed adjacent the receptacle, such that subsequent operation of the moveable head may transfer said second selected group of articles into the receptacle. 
     Preferably, the moveable head is controllable to manipulate individual tiers of the stack, by transferring the articles forming each tier into the receptacle in one or more successive transfer operations before continuing to the next tier of the stack. 
     Preferably, the selected group of articles is one or more of: a) inverted with respect to its desired final orientation at an outfeed of the apparatus; or, b) free of connection between the articles in the selected group; or, c) free of any retaining means for retaining the selected group of articles together in a unit. 
     A second aspect of the present invention provides a method of manipulating articles initially disposed in a stack, which method comprises moving a moveable head in a first direction into abutment with a selected group of articles in the stack and moving the moveable head in a second direction to transfer the selected group of articles from the stack into a receptacle disposed adjacent the stack. 
     Preferably the method further comprises moving abutment plates into contact with one or more adjacent faces of the stack of articles to urge the selected group of articles into a predetermined alignment relative to the moveable head. 
     Preferably, the predetermined alignment of the selected group of articles is an alignment in which the moveable head is insertable at least partially into the stack to abut the selected group of articles prior to transferring the selected group of articles to the receptacle. 
     Preferably the method further comprises moving the receptacle between a first position in which the receptacle is located adjacent the selected group of articles in the stack, and a second position in which the receptacle is spaced from the stack. 
     Preferably the method further comprises rotating the receptacle so as to invert the selected group of articles therein. 
     Preferably the method further comprises one or more of: a) moving an arm into contact with a proximate surface of the stack to engage a divider sheet disposed thereupon, and subsequently withdrawing that divider sheet from the stack and depositing it in a divider sheet receiver using the arm; or, b) moving an arm to impose a downward force upon one or more groups of articles of the stack, or of a divider sheet of the stack, such that the transfer of the aforesaid selected groups of articles do not result in movement of those aforesaid one or more groups of blanks, or of that divider sheet; or, c) moving an arm to abut a surface of one or more divider sheets held in a receiver adjacent the stack, and to slide those one or more divider sheets from that receiver to a support means upon which the stack was initially disposed. 
     Preferably the method further comprises supporting the selected group of articles on at least one set of rotatable fingers of the receptacle to retain the selected group of articles in the receptacle, and subsequently rotating the at least one set of rotatable fingers away from the selected group of articles to transfer the selected group of articles to a transfer element. 
     Preferably the method further comprises one or more of: a) raising the stack such that an upper tier thereof, including the selected group of articles, is disposable adjacent the receptacle; or, b) rotating the stack about an axis thereof to bring a second selected group of articles adjacent the receptacle. 
     Preferably, the stack is formed of multiple tiers, and further comprising operating the moveable head to manipulate individual tiers of the stack by transferring articles, forming each tier, into the receptacle in one or more successive transfer operations, before continuing to the next tier of the stack. 
     Preferably, the selected group of articles is one or more of: a) initially inverted with respect to its desired final orientation at an outfeed of the apparatus wherein the method includes using the receptacle to rotate the selected articles; or b) free of connection between the articles in the selected group; or c) free of any retaining means for retaining the selected group of articles together in a unit. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an apparatus according to a first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIGS. 2 to 16  show perspective views of the apparatus of  FIG. 1  at respective points during one possible mode of operation thereof; 
         FIG. 17  shows a side view of the apparatus of  FIG. 1 ; and 
         FIGS. 18 to 21  show enlarged perspective views of the apparatus of  FIG. 1  at respective points during one possible mode of operation of an arm thereof. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION 
     Detailed descriptions of specific embodiments of the apparatus and method of operation thereof are disclosed herein. It will be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely examples of the way in which certain aspects of the invention can be implemented and do not represent an exhaustive list of all of the ways the invention may be embodied. Indeed, it will be understood that the apparatus and method of operation thereof described herein may be embodied in various and alternative forms. The figures are not necessarily to scale and some features may be exaggerated or minimised to show details of particular components. Well-known components, materials or methods are not necessarily described in great detail in order to avoid obscuring the present disclosure. Any specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the invention. 
     An apparatus, according to an aspect of the present invention, is shown in  FIGS. 1 to 21 . This apparatus  100  receives stacks S of articles in the form of blanks B for forming paperboard trays, and is operable to manipulate successive groups of blanks B forming that stack S to create an outfeed stream of those groups of blanks B, ready for subsequent packaging operations. In the following description, the word “group” encompasses group sizes of unitary articles, i.e. groups each consisting of a single article, and further encompasses group sizes of more than one article. 
       FIG. 1  shows the apparatus  100  in an exemplary configuration, loaded with a stack S. The stack S is positioned on a pallet riser  1  of the apparatus, which pallet riser  1  comprises a concertina arrangement of struts  10  that connect a platform  11  and a base  13  thereof. The pallet riser  1  further comprises a drive means (not shown) that is operable to extend and retract the arrangement of struts  10  so as to effect vertical displacement of the platform  11  relative to the base  13 . It is envisaged that the drive means may be, amongst others, an electric motor, a hydraulic motor, or a hydraulic or pneumatic piston. Due to the arrangement of the concertina of the struts  10 , the platform  11  remains substantially parallel to the base  13  as it is so vertically displaced by the drive means. Through operation of the drive means, the height of the stack S may be raised and lowered in the manner described below. The platform  11  of the pallet riser  1  is also rotatable about, preferably, a central axis thereof, perpendicular to the upper surface of the platform  11 . A drive means (not shown) such as an electric motor, hydraulic motor, or hydraulic/pneumatic pistons is provided to effect rotation of the platform  11 . Preferably, the platform  11  is rotatable freely over any angle, such that successive rotations may be made in the same direction. This may be achieved, for example, by providing a drive means in the form of a motor that is operable to turn the platform, via gearing, some desired angle. 
     The stack S may be formed, as in the illustrated embodiment, of successive tiers of blanks B; each tier comprising an array of groups of blanks B disposed in a 2×3 with each group comprising blanks B placed flat upon a primary surface (as opposed to a peripheral edge) thereof. In one aspect, the apparatus is operable to divide the stack S into these individual groups of blanks B by inserting a moveable head  2  into apertures defined in each tier of the stack S, and pushing selected ones of those groups of blanks B off of the stack S and into a waiting receptacle that will be referred to hereinafter as a hand  5 . To accomplish this, it is necessary that the moveable head  2  be correctly aligned over the top of the stack S so as to be correctly insertable between neighbouring groups of blanks B. To ensure this alignment is accomplished a series of abutment plates are provided that are operable to move into abutment with proximal surfaces of the groups of blanks B forming the upper tier of stack S, thereby to correct any deviation in their alignment with regards to the moveable head  2 . 
     The abutment plates comprise opposing first and second side abutment plates  32  and opposing front  36  and rear  38  abutment plates and extend vertically downwardly to provide abutment surfaces substantially parallel to adjacent surfaces of the stack S. The side  32 , front  36  and rear  38  abutment panels are all slideably engaged with a fixed frame of the apparatus, via the runners  34 . The abutment plates  32 ,  36 ,  38  preferably each have an independent drive means to control their movement, such as, amongst others, an electric motor, hydraulic motor or a hydraulic/pneumatic piston. Through operation of these drive means the abutment plates  32 ,  36 ,  38  are reciprocally translatable into and out of contact with adjacent faces of the stack S, with sufficient motive force that correction in alignment of the top tier groups of blanks B may be effected. A side view of the apparatus  100 , shown in  FIG. 17 , illustrates the relative positioning of the rear abutment plate  38  relative to the stack S. 
     The front abutment plate  36  is additionally slideably mounted for vertical movement substantially parallel to an adjacent surface of the stack S. Preferably, this vertical displacement of the front abutment plate  36  is provided for by a secondary runner arrangement  35  extending upwardly perpendicular to the runners  34  that is driven by further drive means such as an electric motor, hydraulic motor or hydraulic/pneumatic piston. This secondary runner arrangement interconnects the front abutment plate  36  and the runner  34  and is, itself, slideably engaged with the runner  34 . The vertical displacement of the front abutment plate  36  allows it to be drawn out of the path of the groups of blanks B as they are slid from the top tier of the stack S by the moveable head  2  in the manner described below. Thus the front abutment plate  36  is vertically slideable, along the secondary runner arrangement  35 , between a first position in which a lower edge thereof is at the same height or lower than a lower edge of the top tier of the stack S, and a second position in which the lower edge of the front abutment plate  36  is higher than a top edge of that top tier, thereby groups of blanks B from that top tier to be slid underneath the front abutment plate  36 . 
     Preferably, the vertical dimension of each of the abutment plates  32 ,  36 ,  38  is equal to or greater than the vertical dimension of the tiers of the stack S so that the abutment plates are able to simultaneously contact all of the adjacent peripheral edges of the blanks B forming the selected groups of blanks B to be slid from the stack S. 
     The apparatus  100  further comprises an arm  3  that, in the illustrated embodiment, is in the form of an inverse “T” shape. This arm  3  is vertically and horizontally displaceable by virtue of corresponding horizontal  15  and vertical  14  runners. Preferably the horizontal runner  15  is fixed with respect to a fixed frame of the apparatus and the vertical runner  14  interconnects this horizontal runner  15  and the arm  3  so as to allow vertical displacement thereof. Drive means (not shown) such as an electric motor, hydraulic motor or a hydraulic/pneumatic piston amongst others are provided to controllably effect displacement of the arm  3  both horizontally and vertically (preferably in the form of two separate drive means) so as to allow an engaging head, mounted on a transverse end  19  of the “T” shaped of the arm  3 , to be lowerable down into contact with an upper surface of the stack S. In addition, the arm  3  further comprises an extendable abutment portion  17  that is slideably engaged with the remainder thereof, for relative vertical movement with respect to the remainder of the arm, such that the offset between a lowermost portion of the aforementioned transverse end  19  of the arm  3  and a lowermost end of that abutment portion  17  may be varied by operation of a drive means thereof. Where the arm  3  is operated to manipulate the divider sheets D, it is envisaged that the abutment portion  17  would advantageously be raised to avoid fouling the surfaces of those sheets. However, the abutment portion  17  is also lowerable to extend beneath that transverse end  19  for use in the manner described below. 
     Between each tier of blanks B in the stack S there is provided a divider sheet D. These divider sheets serve to protect the side edges of the blanks of adjacent tiers from damaging one another and also prevent the groups of blanks B of each tier from separating by tying them together. The arm  3  described above is operable to engage with these divider sheets D as they become exposed and to transfer them from the top surface of the stack S to a divider receiver  4 . 
     The divider receiver  4  is provided behind stack S, over the rear abutment plate  38 , and comprises a base  16  extending between opposing side walls  18 . The base  16  provides a surface for supporting the divider sheets D once disengaged by the arm  3  and the side walls  18  maintain the divider sheets D in at least loose alignment with one another such that a group thereof may be relatively easily manipulated for removal. 
     The moveable head  2  comprises a body from which depend a number of engaging fingers  12 . The engaging fingers  12  are mounted on the body in such a manner that each is simultaneously alignable over boundaries between neighbouring groups of blanks B of the uppermost tier of the stack S, and are sized and shaped to fit between bordering edges of those groups where, for instance, an aperture is formed by juxtaposed recesses in those bordering edges. The length of the engaging fingers  12  is at least as long as the depth of the groups of blanks B, so that the engaging fingers  12  may abut peripheral edges of all of the blanks B in a given tier simultaneously. Preferably, the length of the engaging fingers  12  is greater that the depth of the tiers of the stack S, and they are slideably engaged with the body of the moveable head  2  such that the moveable head  2  may be lowered by some amount after the engaging finger  12  contact a surface. More preferably still, the moveable head comprises one or more sensors that detect one or more positions of the engaging fingers  12  as they slide relative to the body. These sensors serve to give an indication when the degree of movement of the engaging fingers  12  exceeds an expected maximum. The slideable engagement between the engaging fingers  12  and the body of moveable head  2  reduces the accuracy requirement for the position of the moveable head  2  with regards to the bottom of the tier of the stack S and increases tolerance of small variations in tier depth between the various tiers of the stack S. The slideable engagement may be accomplished by mounting the engaging fingers  12 , which take the form of straight rods, through apertures formed in the body of the moveable head  2  with upper and optionally lower stops to limit the downward and upper relative movement of the engaging fingers  12  accordingly. The moveable head  2  is slideably engaged for both vertical and horizontal motion relative to the top surface of the stack S by virtue of a sliding engagement with upright runners  37 , along which it is slideable to effect vertical displacement thereof as controlled by a drive means (not shown). The vertical runners  37  themselves are each slideably attached to a horizontal runner  39  that extends across the top surface of the stack S towards the hand  5 . The horizontal runners  39  are preferably mounted on the fixed frame of the apparatus  100  to support the moveable head  2 . Drive means are provided to effect each of the horizontal and vertical displacement of the moveable head  2 , which drive means may be, amongst others, electric or hydraulic motors or hydraulic/pneumatic pistons. In this manner the moveable head  2  is controllably lowerable to insert the engaging fingers  12  into the aforementioned apertures, and to horizontally displace the groups of blanks B disposed between those fingers  12  and the hand  5 , off of the stack S. The divider sheets D are of particular advantage where the engaging fingers  12  are so slideably engaged with the body of the moveable head  2  because the material of the divider sheet acts as a lower abutment surface of the engaging fingers  12  that ensures that engaging fingers  12  extend the complete depth of the tier of the stack S in question, and not beyond. If the aforementioned sensors are incorporated, a control unit of the apparatus communicates with those sensors and is configured to take action when the relative movement of the engaging fingers  12  and the body of the moveable head is too great, such as, for example, halting the apparatus to raising the moveable head to allow the perceive obstacle or misalignment to be overcome. 
     The hand  5  is pivotable via a first pivotable connection  30  that is fixed in position in some manner such as, for example, to the fixed frame of the apparatus. Via this first pivotable connection  30  the hand  5  is rotatable to be brought from a first position in which it is disposed away from the stack S, perpendicular thereto, into a second position juxtaposed an adjacent face of the stack S, from which the moveable head  2  is operable to push a selection of groups of blanks B thereinto. The hand  5  comprises a drive means (not shown) to effect rotation about the first pivotable connection  30 , such as an electric or hydraulic motor, or a hydraulic/pneumatic piston. The hand  5  further comprises upper  24  and lower  26  fingers that are pivotable to provide a supporting surface for the groups of blanks B so received from the stack S. The rear ends of the upper  24  and lower  26  fingers are hinged to corresponding upper and lower edges of a back plate  22  of the hand  5 , and controllable by operation of corresponding first and second drive means such that they are rotatable relative to a back plate  22  of the hand  5 . The hand  5  is further rotatable about a preferably central axis, extending perpendicular to the back plate  22 , such that the upper fingers  24  are disposable lowermost and the lower finger  26  uppermost. This rotation is achieved by a second pivotable  28  connection between the back plate  22  and the first pivotable connection  30 . Preferably, a connecting arm extends from the first pivotable connection  30  to the second pivotable connection  28 . A drive means is provided, such as an electric or hydraulic motor, or hydraulic/pneumatic piston, to control and effect the rotation of the hand  5  about the second pivotable connection  28 . At either horizontal end of the backing plate  22  there are provided end stops  20  that extend perpendicular to the backing plate  22  between adjacent ends of the upper  24  and lower  26  fingers of the hand  5 . These ends stops  20  act to prevent articles, such as the groups of blanks B, disposed in the hand  5 , from sliding out from between the upper  24  and lower  26  fingers in a direction parallel to the length of the back plate  22 . 
     Disposed beneath the hand  5 , when in the aforesaid first position, is a transfer element  8 , which transfer element  8  comprises upright runners  44 , along which are slidingly engaged support struts  42 . These support struts  42  are arranged in an array and extend horizontally outward, from between the upright runners  44 , beneath the hand  5 . The support struts  42  are controllable by a drive means such as an electric or hydraulic motor, or hydraulic/pneumatic piston. To effect reciprocal upward and downward motion relative to the hand  5 , thereby to enable the transfer element to move between a first position in which the support struts  42  are disposed directly beneath the hand  5 , and a second position in which the support struts  42  are disposed at or beneath a level of an outfeed conveyor  7  below. The support struts  42  are spaced from one another such that they are each out of vertical registry with the upper  24  or lower  26  fingers of the hand  5 . In this manner, the transfer element  8  may be brought up into its aforementioned first position, and the proximate ones of the upper  34  and lower  36  fingers may be rotated relative the back plate  22  of the hand  5  without fouling the upper surfaces of the support struts  42  and thus transfer support of the groups of blanks B disposed in the hand  5  to the support struts  42 . 
     The outfeed conveyor  7  disposed beneath the transfer element  8  comprises a sequence of side by side rollers, driven by a drive means such as an electric or hydraulic motor, operable to convey groups of blanks B deposited thereupon by the transfer element  8  to an outfeed of the apparatus  100 . The support struts  42  of the transfer element  8  are aligned between the rollers of the outfeed conveyor  7 , so that they may be lowered to or beneath the level of the upper surfaces of those rollers without being fouled thereby, so as to allow the outfeed conveyor to support any groups of blanks B disposed thereupon, and to convey those groups of the blanks B, so supported, away from the transfer element  8  prior to the transfer element  8  being raised to receive a further group of blanks B from the hand  5 . 
     One possible process of operation of apparatus  100  will now be described, making reference to  FIGS. 2 to 16 . This process may be employed to manipulate a stack S of blanks B, formed of tiers each comprised of groups of blanks B, which groups are disposed in each such tier in the 2×3 array arrangement described above, into a flow of grouped blanks B on an outfeed conveyor  7 . 
     The stack S is first positioned upon the pallet raiser  1  in some manner known in the art such as, amongst other, manual positioning, or positioning by a fork lift truck or similar. Once positioned upon the pallet raiser  1 , the platform  11  of the pallet raiser  1  is raised, through operation of its associated drive means, to lift the stack S until a top edge of the uppermost tier thereof is disposed at or beneath top edges of the side and rear abutment plates  32 ,  38  and a lower edge of that upper most tier is disposed at or above lower edges of those abutment plates  32 ,  38 , as is the illustrated case in  FIG. 1 . 
     With the stack S in position, and the platform  11  is controlled to maintain its elevation, the side  32  and rear  38  abutment plates are slid towards the adjacent faces of the stack S and into contact with at least the uppermost tier thereof, in respective directions D1 and D2. The front abutment plate  36  is first lowered down its secondary runner arrangement  35  until it is level with the side  32  and rear  38  abutment plates, and is then slid horizontally into contact with the front face of the uppermost tier of the stack S, as indicated by arrow D3. The uppermost tier of the stack S is thus contacted by the side  32 , front  36  and rear  38  abutment plates along all its four faces. By this means, the abutment plates  32 ,  36 ,  38  constrain that tier to a predetermined position to ensure alignment with respect to the moveable head  2 . 
     Where the stack S comprises a divider sheet D disposed over the top surface of the uppermost tier, it is necessary for this divider sheet D to be removed prior to the insertion of the engaging fingers  12  of the moveable head  2  into the top tier of the stack S. The“T” shaped arm  3  is thus positioned over a rearward portion of the top surface of the stack S (proximate the divider receiver  4 ) and lower down into contact with the divider D. Engaging means on the contacting surfaces of the arm  3 , such as suction heads, are activated to engage the divider sheet S. The arm is then driven upward and outward, in direction D4 illustrated in  FIG. 3 , from the centre of the stack S to drag the divider sheet D over to the divider receiver  4 , over which the divider sheets is deposited on top of any other divider sheets D that may already be held therein. The arm  3  returns to its initial position over and above the rearward portion of the stack S. 
     The removal of the divider sheet D reveals the underlying array of groups of blanks B, which groups define, between juxtaposed recesses in bordering edges thereof, a number of apertures into which the engaging fingers  12  of the moveable head  2  may be inserted. Preferably, the arm  3  is returned to its initial position over a rearward portion of the stack S, such that it may be lowered down into contact with the groups of blanks B disposed along a rearward edge of the stack S distal from the hand  5 , as best shown in  FIG. 18 . More preferably still, the arm  3  at least engages the top most blanks of a portion of those groups, or imparts a downwards force on those groups, so as to aid maintaining those groups of blanks in a fixed position (not shown). Imparting a downward force on the groups of blanks B is advantageous in that it imparts a frictional resistance to movement of the blanks B forming those groups, as well as any divider sheets D and further groups of blanks B lying therebeneath in the stack S. 
     The moveable head  2  is lowered toward the upper surface of the stack S, in direction D6 shown in  FIG. 4 , until its engaging fingers  12  are so inserted and such that they extend fully down those apertures the entire depth of the top tier of the stack S. In this manner the apparatus  100  is ready, through horizontal displacement of the moveable head  2 , to slide the groups of blanks B forming the “front” half of the top tier, which is to say those groups of blanks B that are disposed along the edge of the stack proximate the hand  5  and front abutment plate  36 , off of the stack S. Before this may be achieved, however, it is necessary for at least the front abutment plate  36  to be withdrawn from contact with that edge of the stack S and raised out of the intended path of those groups of blanks B, as in indicated by D5 in  FIG. 4 . The front abutment plate  36  is therefore withdrawn along the runner  34  and raised up the secondary runner arrangement  35  such that its bottom most edge is higher than the uppermost surface of the top tier of the stack S. 
     The hand  5  is then rotated, in direction D7 shown in  FIG. 5 , about the first pivotable connection  30  and into position proximate those front groups of blanks B such that it may act to support those groups of blanks B as they are slid from the top tier of the stack S. The lower fingers  26  of the hand  5  provide a substantially horizontal platform upon which the groups of blanks B may rest, and these extend beneath the front abutment plate  36 . The upper fingers  24  of the hand  5  are rotated upwardly to extend substantially vertically and perpendicular to the lower fingers  26  such the upper fingers  24  do not foul the lower edge of the front abutment plate  36  as the hand  5  is swung into position adjacent the stack S. 
     The moveable head  2  is then displaced in direction D8, shown in  FIG. 6 , toward the hand  5  so as to slide the interposed groups of blanks B off of the stack S and onto the lower fingers  26  of the hand  5 . Preferably, the groups of blanks B are displaced horizontally until they meet the back plate  22  of the hand  5  although they need not necessarily be displaced this far. The arm  3  helps resist any potential movement of the remaining groups of blanks B of the stack S as these selected groups of blanks B are slid into the hand  5 . 
     The hand  5  is then rotated back, in direction D12 shown in  FIG. 7 , to its original position distal from the stack S, with the back plate  22  therefor substantially perpendicular to the front abutment plate  36  and the proximal face of the stack S. The upper fingers  24  are rotated downwardly toward the upper surface of the groups of blanks B so as, preferably, grip the groups of blanks B between the upper fingers  24  and the lower fingers  26 , although it in envisaged that this “grip” is not essential. The collection of groups of blanks B is thus enclosed about five sides by the upper  24  and lower  26  fingers, backing plate  22  and the stops  20  of the hand  5 . 
     The hand  5  is then rotated, in direction D13 shown in  FIG. 8 , about its second pivotable connection  28  such that the lower fingers  26  thereof are disposed uppermost and the upper fingers  24  lowermost. This is not an essential step and is carried out preferably in instances where there is a desire for the blanks B to be ultimately disposed, at an outfeed end of the apparatus  100 , in an inverted orientation relative to their initial disposition in the stack S. The drive means linked the second pivotable connection  28  of the hand  5  instigates a 180° rotation of the hand  5  about, preferably, central axis thereof extending perpendicular to the back plate  22 . The hand  5  therefore remains in vertical alignment above the transfer element  8 . 
     The moveable head  2 , having successfully displaced the front groups of blanks B of the stack S is subsequently withdrawn to its initial position disposed centrally over, and above the stack S, as indicated by arrow D11 in  FIG. 7 . The lowermost points of the engaging fingers  12  clear the upper surface of the remaining groups of blanks B of the top tier of the stack S so as not to foul the rotation thereof described below. Likewise the side  32  and rear  38  abutment plates are also withdrawn away from the respective surfaces of the stack S, along respective directions D9 and D10 shown in  FIG. 7 , to their initial positions so as to avoid fouling rotation of the stack S. If previously used to retain the remaining groups of blanks B in position, the arm  3  is also raised away from the stack S (not shown). The platform  11  of the pallet raiser  1  is then controllably rotated about an angle of 180°, as indicated by arrow D14 in  FIG. 8 , such that the remaining groups of blanks B disposed in the top tier thereof are then disposed along an edge thereof closest to the hand  5 , ready to be displaced thereinto. 
     The hand  5  is relieved of the groups of blanks B held therein by the transfer element  8 . The transfer element  8  is raised in direction D19, shown in  FIG. 9 , until the supporting struts  42  thereof contact a lowermost surface of the groups of blank B, those supporting struts  42  interleaving between the upper fingers  24  (now disposed lowermost due to the rotation of the hand  5 ). The upper fingers  24  are then rotated away, in direction D18 shown in  FIG. 9 , from the groups of blanks B to transfer support thereof to the support struts  42  of the transfer element  8 . To remove the groups of the blanks B completely from the hand  5 , the support struts  42  of the transfer element  8  are lowered in direction D20 shown in  FIG. 10 , along the upright runners  44  of the transfer element  8  to the level of, or below, the rollers of the outfeed conveyor  7  below. These rollers then, in turn, convey the groups of blanks B horizontally away from the support struts  42  of the transfer element. 
     The hand  5 , having been relieved of the groups of blanks B, then is controlled to ready it for the remaining groups of blanks B from the top tier of the stack S. The upper fingers  24  are rotated upwardly in direction D23 shown in  FIG. 11 , to extend horizontally from the back plate  22  whilst the lower fingers  26  are rotated upwardly, in direction D22, to extend substantially vertically upward from the back plate  22 . The hand  5  thereby is disposed in substantially the same manner as it was prior to being loaded with the previous collection of groups of blanks B, but this time the upper fingers  24  are readied to provide support for those groups of blanks B and the lower fingers  26  extend upwardly to avoid fouling the front abutment plate  36 , because of the 180° rotation of the hand  5 . 
     As the hand  5  is being relieved of the groups of blanks B, the top tier of the stack S is again enclosed by bringing the front  36  and side  32  abutment plates into contact with the adjacent surfaces of that top tier, along respective directions D15, D16 and D17 as shown in  FIG. 9 . The rear abutment plates  38  may also be offered up the stack S but this is not necessary because the top tier of the stack S no longer comprises any groups of blanks B along the rear edge thereof proximal the rear abutment plate  38 . The side  32  and front  36  abutment plates ensure that the front groups of blanks B are correctly aligned beneath the moveable head  2  before that moveable head is again lowered into abutment with rear edges thereof in readiness to slide those remaining groups of blanks B onto the hand  5 . Preferably, the arm  3  may again be lowered, down the level of the divider sheet D (if present) underlying the top tier of the stack S, to engage with and/or impart a downward force thereupon to help retain it, and the groups of blanks therebeneath in a fixed position, as is best shown in  FIG. 19 . 
     With the moveable head  2  lowered into position, the front abutment plate  36  is withdrawn again from the stack S and raised along its secondary runner arrangement  35 , in the manner indicated by D21 in  FIG. 11 , such that the lower edge thereof is higher than the upper surface of the remaining groups of blanks B of the top tier of the stack S. 
     The hand  5  is again pivoted, about its first pivotable connection  30 , in direction D24 shown in  FIG. 12 , into position adjacent the remaining groups of blanks B of the top tier of the stack S. The lower fingers  26  extending upwardly proximal the front abutment plate  36  and the upper fingers  24  extend horizontally toward the stacks S to support the groups of blanks B. The moveable head  2  is then displaced horizontally toward the hand  5 , in direction D25, such that the remaining groups of blanks B of the top tier of the stack S are slid from the stack S into the hand  5 . If used to retain the underlying divider sheet D, the arm  3  helps prevent that divider sheet D from sliding as the selected remaining groups of blanks B are slid into the hand  5 . 
     The hand  5  is then rotated back to its previous position distal from the stack S, in direction D28 shown in  FIG. 13 , with the back plate  22  therefor substantially perpendicular to the front abutment plate  36  and the proximal face of the stack S. The lower fingers  24  are rotated downwardly about direction D30 shown in  FIG. 13 , toward the upper surface of the groups of blanks B so as, preferably, to grip the groups of blanks B between the upper fingers  24  and the lower fingers  26 . The collection of groups of blanks B is thus enclosed about five sides by the upper  24  and lower  26  fingers, backing plate  22  and the stops  20  of the hand  5 . 
     The hand  5  is then rotated about its second pivotable connection  28 , in direction D36 shown in  FIG. 14 , such that the upper fingers  24  thereof are once again disposed uppermost and the lower fingers  24  lowermost. The drive means linked to the second pivotable connection  28  of the hand  5  instigates the 180° rotation of the hand  5  about, preferably, a central axis thereof extending perpendicular to the back plate  22 . The hand  5  therefore remains in vertical alignment above the transfer element  8 . 
     The hand  5  is again relieved of the groups of blanks B held therein by the transfer element  8 . The transfer element  8  is raised in direction D37 shown in  FIG. 15  until the supporting struts  42  thereof contact a lowermost surface of the groups of blank B, those supporting struts  42  interleaving between the lower fingers  26 . The lower fingers  26  are then rotated away, in direction D38, from the groups of blanks B to transfer support thereof to the support struts  42  of the transfer element  8 . To remove the groups of the blanks B completely from the hand  5 , the support struts  42  of the transfer element  8  are lowered along the upright runners  44  of the transfer element  8  to the level of, or below, the rollers of the outfeed conveyor  7  below, in direction D39 shown in  FIG. 16 . These rollers then, in turn, convey the groups of blanks B horizontally away from the support struts  42  of the transfer element. 
     As the hand  5  is being relieved of the groups of blanks B held therein, the moveable head  2 , having successfully displaced the remainder of the groups of blanks B forming the top tier of the stack S, is subsequently withdrawn to its initial position disposed centrally over, and above the stack S as indicated by arrow D29 in  FIG. 13 . The side  32  abutment plates are withdrawn away from the respective surfaces of the stack S, in directions D26 and D27 respectively, to their initial positions so as to avoid fouling the stack S as it is raised by the pallet raiser  1 . If the arm  3  was used to retain the underlying divider sheet D in place, it is now raised above the surface of the stack S. 
     The pallet raiser  1  is then controlled to raise the stack S in direction D31, such the new top tier of the stack S lies between the abutment plates  32 . The withdrawal of the abutment plates  32 ,  36 ,  38  ensures that any misaligned portions of this new top tier of the stack S do not catch upon any lower edges of those abutment plates  32 ,  36 ,  38  as the pallet is so raised. Once raised, the top tier of the stack S is again enclosed by the front  36 , side  32  and rear  38  abutment plates by moving them inwardly as shown by arrows D32, D33, D34 and D35 in  FIG. 14 . 
     The hand  5 , having been relieved of the groups of blanks B, then is controlled to ready it for the remaining groups of blanks B from the top tier of the stack S. The lower fingers  26  are rotated upwardly to extend horizontally from the back plate  22  whilst the upper fingers  24  are rotated upwardly to extend substantially vertically upward from the back plate  22  in the manner illustrated in  FIG. 4 . 
     The apparatus is thus returned substantially to its initial configuration, ready to manipulate the new top tier of the stack S into successive groups of blanks B upon the outfeed conveyor  7 . The above steps are therefore repeated until all of the groups of blanks B forming the stack S have been so manipulated, at which point a new stack S may optionally be loaded onto the pallet raiser  1 , once the platform  11  thereof has been sufficiently lowered. 
     It is envisaged that the stack S may be provided upon a pallet to aid initial disposition thereof upon the pallet riser  1  by, for example, allowing lifting using a fork lift truck or similar. In such a case, it is then also envisaged that, once all of the tiers of the stack S have been transferred to the receptacle  5  and onward to the outfeed of the apparatus  100 , that the arm  3  is operated to downwardly extend its abutment portion  17  and to use that abutment portion  17  (shown best in  FIG. 20 ) to contact a peripheral edge of the collected divider sheets D on the divider receiver  4 , as best shown in  FIG. 20 . The arm  3  is then operated to slide those divider sheets D, using the abutment portion  17 , off of the divider receiver  4  and onto the now revealed pallet on the pallet riser  1 , as best shown in  FIG. 21 . 
     The foregoing detailed description relates to a preferred embodiment of an apparatus and to one possible way in which a stack of blanks B may be manipulated. Numerous variations and modifications may be made to the apparatus or the steps of the manipulation of the stack without departing from the scope of the invention as set out in the claims below. In particular, the following variations are contemplated, amongst others. 
     It is envisaged that two or more of the side and/or rear abutment plates  32 ,  38  may alternatively share a common drive means such that they are driven in synchronicity with one another. 
     The arm  3  might be modified to provide some other means of engagement with the divider sheets D, such as mechanical gripping devices for example. It is also envisaged that the arm  3  and divider receiver  4  might not be positioned to the rear of the stack S, and that divider sheet might be position substantially anywhere in the vicinity of the stack S with the arm controllable to transfer divider sheets D from the stack thereto. The arm  3  and divider receiver  4  is, however, an optional feature, and it is envisaged that the stack S may not indeed comprise any such divider sheets D, thereby alleviating any requirement for the arm  3  and divider receiver  4  arrangement. 
     It is further contemplated that the stack S may be formed in a manner other than successive tiers of 2×3 arrays of groups of blanks B including, amongst others, stacks formed of a single column of blanks B, or of other arrays of groups other than of a 2×3 configuration. It is further contemplated that each tier of the stack S may not necessarily be identical and/or identically orientated. For example, each tier of the stack may be rotated at 90° to an adjacent tier in the stack, and this could be accommodated by a corresponding additional rotation of the stack as a new top tier is raised between the abutment plates. 
     It will be recognised that as used herein, directional references such as “top”, “bottom”, “front”, “back”, “end”, “side”, “inner”, “outer”, “upper”, “lower”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “uppermost” and “lowermost” do not limit the respective features to such orientation, but merely serve to aid clarity of explanation.