Patent Publication Number: US-9894094-B2

Title: Method, server, and system for automatically rating reputation of a web site

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation application of PCT Patent Application No. PCT/CN2013/087458, filed on Nov. 20, 2013, which claims the benefit and priority of Chinese Patent Application No. 201210566983.6 filed on Dec. 24, 2012, both of which are incorporated by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to the technical field of internet technology, and particularly to a method, server and system for automatically rating reputation of a web site. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Currently, emphasis of the criteria for rating a web site is on the metrics of the popularity of the web site, e.g., PageRank ranking of Google, web site ranking of Alexa, etc. 
     The basic idea of the PageRank ranking of Google is that the popularity of a web site is proportional to the number of web sites that link to the web site and the popularity of the web sites that link to the web site. The specific calculation formula thereof is as follows: 
                     PR   ⁡     (   u   )       =       d   ·       ∑     v   ∈     L   ⁡     (   u   )           ⁢           ⁢       PR   ⁡     (   v   )       /     N   ⁡     (   v   )             +     (     1   -   d     )               (   1   )               
where PR(u) denotes the PageRank value of a web site u, L(u) denotes a set of web pages that point to the web site u, N(v) denotes the number of outbound links from a web page v, and d denotes an attenuation factor, the value of which is between 0 and 1, and typically is 0.85.
 
     The web site ranking of Alexa determines the popularity of a web site by calculating the accumulated number of reaches to the web site and average page views of the users in recent three months. 
     However, with the popularity of the network, network security problems also become increasingly severe, and malicious accidents of phishing, fraud, and propagation of Trojan viruses emerge one after another, while the above criteria of evaluating the popularity of a web site are not efficient enough to mark the security degree of a web site. Even a web site with high popularity may also be a web site hung up with Trojans or a phishing web site after it is hacked by a hacker, thus threatening the security of the users. 
     Currently, there have been some third parties who mark the security degree for web sites, wherein a famous one is such like the “credible web site” validation released by the company knet.cn, it marks the reputation of web sites by manual checking and charges a certain amount of annuity fees for web sites that have passed the validation. However, there are a lot of limitations in marking web sites by using such a kind of black-and-white list: 
     firstly, the application range thereof is relatively small, and mainly aims to profitable enterprises&#39; web sites, while there is not enough motivation for personal web sites and non-profitable enterprises&#39; web sites to pay for this kind of validation; 
     secondly, for web sites whose security information is under unknown status, it cannot help the user to efficiently distinguish malicious web sites from safe web sites; and 
     furthermore, even if a web site has passed the validation, it may also issue falsity information after it is frequently hacked by hackers as to being hung up with Trojans or the web pages thereof are changed, and thus simple manual authorization cannot respond to dynamic changes of the content of the web sites on time. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present disclosure is to provide a method, server and system for automatically rating reputation of a web site, intending to efficiently mark the security degree of the web site and enhance the security of using the network. 
     The present disclosure provides a method for automatically rating reputation of a web site, comprising: detecting whether a web address of the web site is a malicious web address or a non-malicious web address, when the web address is intercepted; making statistics of the number of malicious and non-malicious visits to web addresses under the web site during a predefined time period and saving the statistics to a database; and reading records from the database and calculating average reputation of the web site by weighting the statistics of visiting the web site during the predefined time period and history statistics. 
     The present disclosure also provides a server for automatically rating reputation of a web site, comprising: a web address detection module, to detect whether a web address of the web site is a malicious web address or a non-malicious web address, when the web address of the web site is triggered and intercepted; a web site visit statistic module, to make statistics of the number of malicious and non-malicious visits to web addresses under the web site during a predefined time period and save the statistics to a database; and a web site reputation calculation module, to read records from the database and calculate average reputation of the web site by weighting the statistics of visiting the web site during the predefined time period and history statistics. 
     The present disclosure also provides a system for automatically rating reputation of a web site, comprising: a client and a server, wherein: the client is configured to intercept a web address of the web site; and the server is configured to detect whether the web address of the web site is a malicious web address or a non-malicious web address, make statistics of the number of malicious and non-malicious visits to web addresses under the web site during a predefined time period and save the statistics to a database; and read records from the database and calculating average reputation of the web site by weighting the statistics of visiting the web site during the predefined time period and history statistics. 
     The present disclosure provides a device for rating reputation of a web site, comprising: one or more processors; a memory; and one or more program modules stored in the memory and to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more program modules comprise: a web address detection module, to detect whether a web address of the web site is a malicious web address or a non-malicious web address, when the web address of the web site is triggered and intercepted; a web site visit statistic module, to make statistics of the number of malicious and non-malicious visits to web addresses under the web site during a predefined time period and save the statistics to a database; and a web site reputation calculation module, to read records from the database and calculate average reputation of the web site by weighting the statistics of visiting the web site during the predefined time period and history statistics. 
     The present disclosure provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising a set of instructions for rating reputation of a web site, the set of instructions to direct at least one processor to perform acts of: detecting whether a web address of the web site is a malicious web address or a non-malicious web address, when the web address of the web site is triggered and intercepted; making statistics of the number of malicious and non-malicious visits to web addresses under the web site during a predefined time period and saving the statistics to a database; and reading records from the database and calculating average reputation of the web site by weighting the statistics of visiting the web site during the predefined time period and history statistics. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the present disclosure, reference should be made to the Detailed Description below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures. 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of a flowchart of the method for automatically rating reputation of a web site of an example of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of a flowchart of the method for automatically rating reputation of a web site of another example of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of a structure of the server for automatically rating reputation of a web site of an example of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic diagram of a structure of the system for automatically rating reputation of a web site of another example of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram of a structure of a device for automatically rating reputation of a web site of another example of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     The implementation, functions, features and advantages of the present disclosure will be further described in combination with the examples and by reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to examples, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. Also, the figures are illustrations of an example, in which modules or procedures shown in the figures are not necessarily essential for implementing the present disclosure. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the examples. 
     The solution of the present disclosure is: detecting whether a web address of a web site is a malicious web address or a non-malicious web address, when a user visits the web address and the web address is intercepted; making statistics of the number of malicious and non-malicious visits to the web addresses under the web site during a predefined time period and saving the statistics to a database; and calculating average reputation of the web site by weighting the statistics of visiting the web site during the predefined time period and history statistics, thus improving the security of using the network. 
     Please referring to  FIG. 1 ,  FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of a flowchart of the method for automatically rating reputation of a web site according to an example of the present disclosure. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the method for automatically rating reputation of a web site includes the following steps: 
     In Step S 101 , when a web address of the web site is triggered and intercepted, detect whether the web address of the web site is a malicious web address or a non-malicious web address. 
     The executive body of the present exemplary method can be a server used for network security detection, such as a PC manager server, a mobile server, etc., and at the server, a web address detection module, a web site visit statistic module, a web site reputation calculation module and a web site visit statistic database used for storing data are set. 
     For example, when a user of a client, e.g., a PC manager client corresponding to the PC manager server visits a web address of a certain web site so that the web address of the web site is triggered, the PC manager client will firstly intercept the web address, send it to the web address detection module of the server to perform a series of security detection, including identifying various phishing, fraud information and hanged Trojan codes, etc., and if it finds that the web address is a malicious web address, then it can prompt the user to stop visiting. 
     In Step S 102 , make statistics of the number of malicious and non-malicious visits to web addresses of the web site during a predefined time period and save the statistics to a database; the database is a web site visit statistic database. 
     The web site visit statistic module of the server collects the detected conditions of the web address, makes statistics of the number of white-and-black visits to web addresses of respective web sites according to a predefined time period (e.g., according to the day), and stores the statistics to the web site visit statistic database. The white-and-black visits to the web addresses of the respective web sites respectively refer to malicious visits and non-malicious visits to the web addresses of the respective web sites, and if the number of black visits is 1, then it means that the user visits a malicious web address under the web site once, and if the number of white visits is 1, then it means that the user visits a non-malicious web address under the web site once. 
     The web site here refers to a site address ended with a top-level domain such as “.com”, “.cn”, “.net”, etc., and the web address refers to the address of a page of a specific web site, e.g., the web site www.example.com comprises a normal page www.example.com/1.htm and a maliciously changed page www.example.com/2.htm. 
     In Step  103 , read records from the database and calculate average reputation of the web site by weighting the statistics of visiting the web site during the predefined time period and history statistics. 
     Taking making statistics of the web site visit data of a day as an example, the present disclosure calculates average reputation of the web site by weighting the statistics of visiting the web site of the day and the history statistics, in which the history statistics are statistics of the days before the current day. 
     The average reputation of the web site is calculated by using the following formula: 
                       R   ⁡     (   u   )       =         ∑     i   =   1     N     ⁢           ⁢       w   i     ·     [     1   -       log   2     ⁡     (     1   +       x   i     ⁡     (   u   )         )         ]             ∑     i   =   1     N     ⁢           ⁢     w   i           ;           (   2   )               
where x i (u) denotes a ratio of the number of black visits to a web site u of the i th  day before the current day to the total number of visits to the web site u of the current day; N denotes a valid period, indicating that only visit conditions of the web site u during N days will be considered; and w i  is a weight related to time. Generally speaking, the smaller the i is, the larger the weight is, which means that a more recent visit record has a larger influence on the result. When for all iε[1,N], x i (u) is 0 (no malicious browsing records), it can be known from the above formula (2) that R max (u)=1; and when x i (u) are all 1 (malicious browse records occur during a long period), R min (u)=0; while for a general web site, the value of R(u) commonly is between 0 and 1.
 
     Examples are as follows: 
     Assume that N=3; w i =0.5 i−1 , iε[1, 3]; for a web site, the malicious visits to the web site in recent 3 days occupy ratios of x 1 =0.1, x 2 =x 3 =0; then the reputation of the web site is calculated according to the formula (2) as follows: 
     
       
         
           
             R 
             = 
             
               
                 
                   
                     ( 
                     
                       1 
                       - 
                       
                         
                           log 
                           2 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         1.1 
                       
                     
                     ) 
                   
                   + 
                   0.5 
                   + 
                   0.25 
                 
                 
                   1 
                   + 
                   0.5 
                   + 
                   0.25 
                 
               
               = 
               0.92 
             
           
         
       
     
     So the network security and reliability of the web site can be judged according to the calculated reputation R, and web sites with high reputation generally will not threat the user&#39;s security, while web sites with low reputation should be avoided to visit. 
     The present example quantitatively analyzes and marks the reputation of a web site from the security point of view by using the above scheme, the scheme is different from the web site evaluation criteria for the web site popularity in the traditional art, by calculating and evaluating the domain reputation automatically by the server, it can effectively avoid the influence of subjective factors during the manual check, thus guarantees the objectiveness and fairness of the evaluation criteria, and therefore, by marking the reputation of a web site in time and efficiently, improves the security of using the network, and fills the deficiency of lacking web site security information such like that of Google PageRank and Alexa ranking. 
     Please referring to  FIG. 2 ,  FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of a flowchart of the method for automatically rating reputation of a web site of another example of the present disclosure. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , the present example provides a method for automatically rating reputation of a web site, based on the above example illustrated in  FIG. 1 , after the step S 101 , it further comprises: 
     In Step S 104 , if the web address is detected to be a malicious web address, then prompt the user to stop visiting it. 
     The difference between the present example and the example in  FIG. 1  is that, the present example prompts the user to stop visiting when a web address is detected to be a malicious web address, thus improving the security of the user visiting the web site; other parts are the same with the example shown in  FIG. 1 . 
     Then the current scheme has the following advantages: 
     1. The coverage thereof is larger, since as long as a user of the client visits the web site, the web site will be automatically included by the system, while the coverage of manual check is relatively low due to the condition limitations, therefore the coverage of web sites that pass the reputation validation is low; 
     2. The objectiveness and fairness of the judgment criteria can be guaranteed, since automatically calculating and evaluating the reputation of domain names by the server can efficiently avoid the influence of subjective factors during the manual check; and 
     3. Changes to web pages of a destination web site can be responded to in time. As is known from the above formula (2) that, generally speaking, the most recent view record has the largest influence on the result, and when a web site encounters malicious changes, the black visits thereof will rise rapidly, resulting in that the proportion of black visits of the day will increase and the reputation thereof will decrease; thus potential problems of a web site can be found in time by monitoring abnormal fluctuation of the reputation of the web site. 
     It is to be illustrated that, the application of the technical scheme of the present example includes but is not limited to automatically marking and displaying the web site reputation on the search engine search result, an input address bar of a browser, etc. 
     Please referring to  FIG. 3 ,  FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of a structure of the server for automatically rating reputation of a web site of an example of the present disclosure. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , the present example proposes a server for automatically rating reputation of a web site, comprising: a web address detection module  401 , a web site visit statistic module  402 , a web site reputation calculation module  403  and a web site visit statistic database  404  used for storing data, wherein: 
     the web address detection module  401  is configured to, when a web address of the web site is triggered and intercepted, detect whether the web address of the web site is a malicious web address or a non-malicious web address; and when the web address is detected to be a malicious web address, prompt the user to stop visiting; the web site visit statistic module  402  is configured to make statistics of the number of malicious and non-malicious visits to web addresses under the web site during a predefined time period and save the statistics to the web site visit statistic database  404 ; and the web site reputation calculation module  403  is configured to read records from the web site visit statistic database  404  and calculate average reputation of the web site by weighting the statistics of visiting the web site during the predefined time period and history statistics. 
     The server of the present example is used for network security detection, e.g., a PC manager server. At the server, a web address detection module  401 , a web site visit statistic module  402 , a web site reputation calculation module  403  and a web site visit statistic database  404  used for storing data are set. 
     When a user of a client, for example, a PC manager client corresponding to the PC manager server, visits a web address of a certain web site so that the web address of the web site is triggered, the PC manager client will firstly intercept the web address and send it to the web address detection module  401  of the server to perform a series of security detection, including identifying various phishing, fraud information and hung up Trojan codes, etc., and if the web address detection module  401  detects that the web address is a malicious web address, then prompts the user to stop visiting. 
     Meanwhile, the web site visit statistic module  402  of the server collects the detected conditions of the web address, makes statistics of the number of white-and-black visits to web addresses of respective web sites based on a predefined time period (e.g., based on a day), and stores the statistics to the web site visit statistic database  404 . The white-and-black visits to the web addresses of the respective web sites respectively refer to malicious visits and non-malicious visits to the web addresses of the respective web sites, and if the number of black visits is 1, then it means that the user visits a malicious web address under the web site once, and if the number of white visits is 1, then it means that the user visits a non-malicious web address under the web site once. 
     The web site here refers to a site address ended with a top-level domain such as “.com”, “.cn”, “.net”, etc., and the web address refers to the address of a page under a specific web site, e.g., the web site www.example.com comprises a normal page www.example.com/1.htm and a maliciously changed page www.example.com/2.htm. 
     After that, the web site reputation calculation module  403  reads records from the web site visit statistic database  404  and calculates average reputation of the web site by weighting the statistics of visiting the web site during the predefined time period and history statistics, in which the history statistics are statistics of days before a current day. 
     Taking making statistics of the web site visit data of a day as an example, the present disclosure calculates average reputation of the web site by using the above formula (2) to weight the statistics of visiting the web site of the current day and the history statistics, in which the history statistics are statistics of days before the current day. 
     In the formula (2), x i  (u) denotes a ratio of the number of black visits to a web site u of the i th  day before the current day to the total number of visits to the web site u of the current day; N denotes a valid period, indicating that only visit conditions of the web site u during N days will be considered; w i  is a weight related to time. 
     Generally speaking, the smaller the i is, the larger the weight is, which means that a more recent visit record has a larger influence on the result. When for all i ε[1,N], x i (u) is 0, (no malicious browse records), it can be known from the above formula (2) that R max (u)=1; and when x i  (u) are all 1 (malicious browse records occur during a long period), R min (u)=0; while for a general web site, the value of R(u) is commonly between 0 and 1. 
     Examples are as follows: 
     Assume that N=3; w i =0.5 i−1 , iε[1, 3]; for a web site, the malicious visits to the web site in recent 3 days occupy ratios of x 1 =0.1, x 2 =x 3 =0; then the reputation of the web site is calculated according to the formula (2) as follows: 
     
       
         
           
             R 
             = 
             
               
                 
                   
                     ( 
                     
                       1 
                       - 
                       
                         
                           log 
                           2 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         1.1 
                       
                     
                     ) 
                   
                   + 
                   0.5 
                   + 
                   0.25 
                 
                 
                   1 
                   + 
                   0.5 
                   + 
                   0.25 
                 
               
               = 
               0.92 
             
           
         
       
     
     So the network security and reliability of the web site can be judged according to the calculated reputation R. 
     The present example quantitatively analyzes and marks the reputation of a web site from the security point of view by using the above scheme, the scheme is different from the web site evaluation criteria for the web site popularity in the traditional art, by calculating and evaluating the domain reputation automatically by the server, it can effectively avoid the influence of subjective factors during the manual check, thus guarantees the objectiveness and fairness of the evaluation criteria, and therefore, by marking the reputation of a web site in time and efficiently, improves the security of using the network, and fills the deficiency of lacking web site security information such like that of Google PageRank and Alexa ranking. Furthermore, after it detects that the web address is a malicious web address, it prompts the user to stop visiting, which further improves the security of the user visiting the web site. 
     As shown in  FIG. 4 , the example of the present disclosure proposes a system for automatically rating reputation of a web site, including: a client  301  and a server  302 . 
     The client  301  is configured to, when a web address of the web site is triggered, intercept the web address and send the web address to the server for detecting. 
     The server  302  is configured to detect whether the web address of the web site is a malicious web address or a non-malicious web address; make statistics of the number of malicious and non-malicious visits to web addresses under the web site during a predefined time period and save the statistics to a database; and calculate average reputation of the web site by weighting the statistics of visiting the web site during the predefined time period and history statistics. 
     Specifically, when a user visits a web address of a certain web site so that the web address of the web site is triggered, the client  301  will intercept the web address and send the web address to the server  302  to perform a series of security detection, including identifying various phishing, fraud information and hanged Trojan codes, etc. If the server  302  finds out that the web address is a malicious web address, then the server can prompt the user of the client  301  to stop visiting. 
     The server  302  collects the detected conditions of the web address, makes statistics of the number of black-and-white visits to the web addresses under respective web sites according to a predefined time period (e.g., the day), and stores the statistics to the web site visit statistic database. The white-and-black visits to the web addresses of the respective web sites respectively refer to malicious visits and non-malicious visits to the web addresses of the respective web sites, and if the number of black visits is 1, then it means that the user visits a malicious web address under the web site once, and if the number of white visits is 1, then it means that the user visits a non-malicious web address under the web site once. 
     The web site here refers to a site address ended with a top-level domain such as “.com”, “.cn”, “.net”, etc., and the web address refers to the address of a page of a specific web site, e.g., the web site www.example.com comprises a normal page www.example.com/1.htm and a maliciously changed page www.example.com/2.htm. 
     After that, the server  302  reads records from the web site visit statistic database and calculates average reputation of the web site by weighting the statistics of visiting the web site during the predefined time period and history statistics, in which the history statistics are statistics of days before the day. 
     Taking making statistics of the web site visit data of a day as an example, the present disclosure calculates average reputation of the web site by using the above formula (2) to weight the statistics of visiting the web site of the day and the history statistics. 
     In the formula (2), x i  (u) denotes the ratio of the number of black visits to the web site u of the i th  day before the current day to the total number of visits to the web site u of the current day; N denotes a valid period, indicating that only visit conditions of the web site u during N days will be considered; and w i  is a weight related to time. 
     Generally speaking, the smaller the i is, the larger the weight is, which means that a more recent visit record has a larger influence on the result. When for all i ε[1,N], x i (u) is 0, (no malicious browse records), it can be known from the above formula (2) that R max (u)=1; and when x i (u) are all 1 (malicious browse records occur during a long period), R min (u)=0; while for a general web site, the value of R(u) commonly is between 0 and 1. 
     Examples are as follows: 
     Assume that N=3; w i 0.5 i−1 , i ε[1, 3]; for a web site, the malicious visits to the web site in recent 3 days occupy ratios of x 1 =0.1, x 2 =x 3 =0; then the reputation of the web site is calculated according to the formula (2) as follows: 
     
       
         
           
             R 
             = 
             
               
                 
                   
                     ( 
                     
                       1 
                       - 
                       
                         
                           log 
                           2 
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         1.1 
                       
                     
                     ) 
                   
                   + 
                   0.5 
                   + 
                   0.25 
                 
                 
                   1 
                   + 
                   0.5 
                   + 
                   0.25 
                 
               
               = 
               0.92 
             
           
         
       
     
     So the network security and reliability of the web site can be judged according to the calculated reputation R. 
     Then compared with the prior art, the current scheme has the following advantages: 
     1. The coverage is larger, since as long as a user of the client visits the web site, the web site will be automatically included by the system, while the coverage of manual check is relatively low due to the condition limitations, therefore the coverage of web sites that pass the reputation validation is low; 
     2. The objectiveness and fairness of the judgment criteria can be guaranteed, since automatically calculating and evaluating the reputation of domain names by the server can efficiently avoid the influence of subjective factors during the manual check; and 
     3. Changes to web pages of a destination web site can be responded to in time. As is known from the above formula (2) that, generally speaking, the most recent view record has the largest influence on the result, and when a web site encounters malicious changes, the black visits thereof will rise rapidly, resulting in that the ratio of black visits of the day will increase and the reputation thereof will decrease; thus potential problems of a web site can be found in time by monitoring abnormal fluctuation of reputation of the web site. 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , which is a schematic diagram of a structure of a device for automatically rating reputation of a web site of another example of the present disclosure. According to the  FIG. 5 , the present disclosure further provides a device for rating reputation of a web site, comprising: one or more processors; a memory; and one or more program modules stored in the memory and to be executed by the one or more processors, wherein the one or more program modules comprise: a web address detection module  401 , to detect whether a web address of the web site is a malicious web address or a non-malicious web address, when the web address of the web site is triggered and intercepted; a web site visit statistic module  402 , to make statistics of the number of malicious and non-malicious visits to web addresses under the web site during a predefined time period and save the statistics to a database; and a web site reputation calculation module  403 , to read records from the database and calculate average reputation of the web site by weighting the statistics of visiting the web site during the predefined time period and history statistics, and a web site visit statistic database  404 , to store the statistics. 
     Furthermore, the present disclosure provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising a set of instructions for rating reputation of a web site, the set of instructions to direct at least one processor to perform acts of: detecting whether a web address of the web site is a malicious web address or a non-malicious web address, when the web address of the web site is triggered and intercepted; making statistics of the number of malicious and non-malicious visits to web addresses under the web site during a predefined time period and saving the statistics to a database; and reading records from the database and calculating average reputation of the web site by weighting the statistics of visiting the web site during the predefined time period and history statistics. 
     It is to be illustrated that, the application of the technical scheme of the present example includes but is not limited to automatically marking and displaying the web site reputation on the search engine search result, an input address bar of a browser, etc. 
     The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific examples. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present disclosure to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The examples were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the present disclosure and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the present disclosure and various examples with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. 
     The above examples may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. For example the various methods, processes and functional modules described herein may be implemented by a processor (the term processor is to be interpreted broadly to include a CPU, processing unit/module, ASIC, logic module, or programmable gate array, etc.). The processes, methods and functional modules may all be performed by a single processor or split between several processors; reference in this disclosure or the claims to a ‘processor’ should thus be interpreted to mean ‘one or more processors’. The processes, methods and functional modules are implemented as machine readable instructions executable by one or more processors, hardware logic circuitry of the one or more processors or a combination thereof. The modules, if mentioned in the aforesaid examples, may be combined into one module or further divided into a plurality of sub-modules. Further, the examples disclosed herein may be implemented in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a non-transitory storage medium and comprises a plurality of instructions for making an electronic device implement the method recited in the examples of the present disclosure.