Patent Publication Number: US-2023160044-A1

Title: Ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron, differential case, and differential device

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-051562 filed on Mar. 23, 2020, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to a ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron, a differential case, and a differential device. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     Spheroidal graphite cast iron is used in undercarriage parts and engine parts of automobiles and other vehicles because it has great toughness and high mechanical strength and is, in addition, inexpensive and easy to form. For example, vehicles are provided with a differential device to adjust the difference in speed between the left and right wheels that occurs when vehicles turn. The differential case of the differential device is made of spheroidal graphite cast iron. 
     For the differential device, in recent years, the ring gear and the differential case have been integrated by welding instead of the conventional method of bolting to reduce the weight of the differential device and improve its functionality. However, spheroidal graphite cast iron has poor weldability and is prone to cracking. Accordingly, various techniques have been suggested for improving the weldability of spheroidal graphite cast iron (see, for example, Patent Literatures 1 and 2). 
     Patent Literature 1 discloses laser welding of cast iron with a metal material weldable to the cast iron in which the weld portion is preheated up to a predetermined temperature before laser welding. Also, Patent Literature 2 discloses that the weldability of spheroidal graphite cast iron is improved by heat-treating pearlite-base spheroidal graphite cast iron to change the base structure of the surface layer of the weld portion into a ferrite layer and allows the internal base structure to be a pearlite layer. 
     CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
     
         
         Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2019-42748 
         Patent Literature 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-63977 
       
    
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
     Unfortunately, the method described in Patent Literature 1 requires the step of preheating cast iron before laser welding and accordingly may increase manufacturing costs. Also, the method described in Patent Literature 2 requires heat treatment for the product after being cast to change the base structure of the surface layer of the weld portion into a ferrite layer. Accordingly, this method may also increase costs, as with Patent Literature 1. Additionally, in the method described in Patent Literature 2, the mechanical strength of the surface layer is low and is, therefore, unsuitable for applications in which high stresses occur at the surface layer. Particularly when spheroidal graphite cast iron is used as a material for vehicle undercarriage parts such as differential devices, the spheroidal graphite cast iron is required to have high mechanical strength. 
     The present disclosure is intended to solve the above-described issues, and the main object is to provide a spheroidal graphite cast iron that has high strength and is less likely to crack at the weld portion. 
     Solution to Problem 
     The present discloser has studied hard to solve the above issues and found that a spheroidal graphite cast iron with a specific chemical composition can solve the issues. Such findings enabled the present disclosure to be accomplished. Specifically, the present disclosure provides the followings: 
     [1] A ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron containing: 3.0% to 3.6% by mass of C; 4.0% to 5.0% by mass of Si; 0.020% to 0.10% by mass of Mg; 1.0% or less of Mn; 0.10% by mass or less of P; and 0.015% by mass or less of S; with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. 
     [2] The ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron according to the above [ 1 ], wherein a mass ratio (Mg/P) of Mg content to P content is 2.1 or less. 
     [3] A differential case formed of the ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron according to the above [1] or [2]. 
     [4] A differential device including: the differential case according to the above [3]; and a ring gear, wherein the differential case and the ring gear are welded together. 
     Advantageous Effects of Invention 
     According to the present disclosure, a spheroidal graphite cast iron that has high strength and is less likely to crack at the weld portion can be obtained. Additionally, the differential case of the present disclosure is formed of the above-mentioned spheroidal graphite cast iron and accordingly has high strength and superior weldability. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent by the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
         FIG.  1    is a vertical sectional view illustrating a schematic structure of a differential device. 
         FIG.  2    is a representation of a weldability evaluation test piece used in Examples and Comparative Examples. 
         FIG.  3    is a representation of structural photographs for weldability evaluation of Examples 1 to 8. 
         FIG.  4    is a representation of structural photographs for weldability evaluation of Examples 9 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Details of the present disclosure will now be described below. The spheroidal graphite cast iron of the present disclosure (hereinafter also referred to as “the cast iron disclosed herein”) is ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron containing 3.0% to 3.6% by mass of C, 4.0% to 5.0% by mass of Si, 0.020% to 0.10% by mass of Mg, 1.0% or less of Mn, 0.10% by mass or less of P, and 0.015% by mass or less of S, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. The reasons for the limitation of the chemical composition in the cast iron disclosed herein are as follows. 
     [Chemical Composition of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron] 
     C (carbon) is an element forming a graphite structure. When the C content is less than 3.0% by mass, the amount of graphite crystalized decreases, and shrinkage cavities are likely to be formed. Also, when the C content exceeds 3.6% by mass, dross (floating graphite) is likely to occur. Preferably, the C content is 3.0% to 3.5% by mass relative to the total mass of the spheroidal graphite cast iron from the viewpoint of reducing the occurrence of casting defects and strengthening the cast iron effectively. 
     Si (silicon) is an element that increases the amount of ferrite in the base structure of spheroidal graphite cast iron and forms a solid solution with the ferrite to strengthen the base. When the Si content is less than 4.0% by mass, the amount of Si in the solid solution decreases, and the resulting spheroidal graphite cast iron has insufficient tensile strength. Also, when the Si content exceeds 5.0% by mass, the amount of Si in the solid solution increases excessively, and the toughness decreases. Preferably, the Si content is 4.1% to 5.0% by mass, more preferably 4.2% to 4.9% by mass, relative to the total mass of the spheroidal graphite cast iron, from the viewpoint of improving the tensile strength and toughness of the spheroidal graphite cast iron. 
     C and Si are elements involved in the crystallization of graphite. It is therefore preferable to comprehensively determine the C and Si contents from the carbon equivalent (CE value=(C content (% by mass))+⅓(Si content (% by mass))). The CE value is preferably 4.5 to 5.0. 
     Mg (magnesium) is an element that affects the spheroidization of graphite. When the Mg content is less than 0.020% by mass, the graphite spheroidization rate decreases, resulting in insufficient toughness and reduced tensile strength and elongation. Also, when the Mg content exceeds 0.10% by mass, cast defects, such as pinholes, are likely to occur. Preferably, the Mg content is 0.025% to 0.10% by mass, more preferably 0.030% to 0.080% by mass, relative to the total mass of the spheroidal graphite cast iron. 
     Mn (manganese) is an element that promotes pearlitization. Setting the Mn content to 1.0% by mass or less can control the pearlite percentage in the base structure in an appropriate range, thus producing ferrite-dominated spheroidal graphite cast iron. In contrast, a Mn content of more than 1.0% by mass results in reduced toughness. Preferably, the Mn content is 0.95% by mass or less, more preferably 0.010% to 0.90% by mass, relative to the total mass of the spheroidal graphite cast iron. 
     The cast iron disclosed herein contains 0.10% by mass or less of P (phosphorus). When the P content exceeds 0.10% by mass relative to the total mass of the spheroidal graphite cast iron, steadite (Fe3P) is crystallized, causing weld metal to crack at high temperature. Preferably, the P content is 0.080% by mass or less relative to the total mass of the spheroidal graphite cast iron. Also, the P content is, for example, 0.005% by mass or more relative to the total mass of the spheroidal graphite cast iron. 
     The cast iron disclosed herein contains 0.015% by mass or less of S (sulfur). When the S content exceeds 0.015% by mass relative to the total mass of the spheroidal graphite cast iron, the graphite spheroidization rate decreases, resulting in reduced toughness. Preferably, the S content is 0.010% by mass or less relative to the total mass of the spheroidal graphite cast iron. Also, the S content is, for example, 0.001% by mass or more relative to the total mass of the spheroidal graphite cast iron. 
     In the cast iron disclosed herein, the mass ratio (Mg/P) of the Mg content to the P content is preferably 2.1 or less. In ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron, a medium-temperature embrittlement phenomenon occurs in which the ductility (elongation) decreases at around 400° C. However, adding P and Mg so that the Mg/P is 2.1 or less can reduce the decrease in elongation at around 400° C. The Mg/P is preferably 2.0 or less and is more preferably 1.1 to 2.0. 
     The cast iron disclosed herein contains the above constituents, with the balance being Fe (iron) and inevitable impurities. In the chemical composition of the spheroidal graphite cast iron, C and S are measured with a C-S meter according to JIS G 1211, and the other constituents are measured by a ICP emission spectrometry method according to the standard specified in JIS 1258:2014. 
     [Production of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron] 
     The cast iron disclosed herein can be produced according to a known method. An example of the production method will be described. First, raw materials (iron scrap (scrap iron), pig iron, etc.) are fed into a melting furnace and are melted at a predetermined temperature (e.g., 1500° C. to 1600° C.) to prepare molten metal (melting step). In this step, the type and amount of the inoculant are selected so that the cast iron disclosed herein can be produced, and the molten metal before teeming is prepared by performing the known spheroidization and inoculation treatments. Subsequently, the molten metal set at a predetermined teeming temperature is poured into a mold, and the molten metal is cooled (casting step). Then, the casting is removed from the mold (unmolding step). Thus, the casting is obtained as the cast iron disclosed herein. The resulting casting may be subjected as needed to various treatments, such as cutting, to produce cast products with desired shapes. 
     [Physical Properties of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron] 
     The cast iron disclosed herein is a spheroidal graphite cast iron whose base structure, excluding the graphite structure, is mainly ferrite. In cast iron, the proportion of the ferrite structure in the base structure is expressed using the percentage of the area occupied by the pearlite structure (hereinafter referred to as the “pearlite percentage”) relative to the area of the spheroidal graphite cast iron excluding the graphite structure. In this instance, the lower the pearlite percentage, the higher the percentage of the ferrite structure in the base structure. 
     Specifically, the pearlite percentage in the cast iron disclosed herein is preferably 40% or less, more preferably 20% or less, still more preferably 10% or less, from the viewpoint of producing a highly weldable cast iron that is less likely to crack at the weld portion. The “pearlite percentage” used in the description herein is a value calculated by the following equation (1), where “area of pearlite + ferrite” is the area of the structure excluding graphite, and “area of pearlite” is the area of the structure excluding graphite and ferrite, wherein these areas are obtained by image processing of a structural photograph of a cross section of cast iron taken under an optical microscope. The details of the measuring method of the pearlite percentage follow the operations described in the Examples described later. 
       Pearlite percentage=[(area of pearlite)/(area of pearlite+ferrite)]×100  (1)
 
     In general, the higher the pearlite percentage in the base structure of spheroidal graphite cast iron, the greater the tensile strength. In contrast, the cast iron disclosed herein has a low pearlite percentage but a high tensile strength. Hence, the cast iron disclosed herein having the above-described composition can produce a cast iron material with high tensile strength despite having a base with a ferrite-dominated metal structure. Specifically, the cast iron disclosed herein has a tensile strength of, for example, 550 N/mm 2  or more, preferably 580 N/mm 2  or more. The upper limit of the tensile strength of the cast iron disclosed herein is not particularly limited but may be, for example, less than 700 N/mm 2 . Tensile strength is a value measured in accordance with JIS Z 2241: 2011. 
     The 0.2% proof stress of the cast iron disclosed herein is, for example, 420 N/mm 2  or more, preferably 450 N/mm 2  or more. The 0.2% proof stress is a value measured by an offset method in accordance with JIS Z 2241: 2011. 
     For the hardness of the cast iron disclosed herein, the Vickers hardness (HV20) is, for example, 180 HV20 or more, preferably 200 HV20 or more, from the viewpoint of producing a cast iron material suitable for differential cases of differential devices. The upper limit of the Vickers hardness of the cast iron disclosed herein is not particularly limited and may be, for example, 250 HV20 or less from the viewpoint of improving the machinability. The Vickers hardness is a value measured in accordance with JIS Z 2244: 2009. The details of the measurements of tensile strength, 0.2% proof stress, and Vickers hardness follow the methods described in the Examples described later. 
     [Differential Case and Differential Device] 
     The cast iron disclosed herein is suitable as a material of differential cases of differential devices.  FIG.  1    depicts an example of the structure of a differential device  10 .  FIG.  1    shows a cross section, which indicates a rotation axis line L 1  of a differential case  20  and a ring gear  30  and a rotation axis line L 2  of a pinion gear  42 . The differential device  10  of the present embodiment is a device assembled to the drive shaft of a vehicle to allow the left and right drive wheels to rotate at different speeds. 
     As depicted in  FIG.  1   , the differential device  10  includes a differential case  20 , a ring gear  30 , a side gear  41 , and a pinion gear  42 . The differential case  20  is hollow and is formed by casting using the cast iron disclosed herein. The interior of the differential case  20  serves as a housing chamber  21 . The housing chamber  21  houses the side gear  41  and the pinion gear  42 . A circular ring-shaped flange portion  22  is formed in an overhanging manner at the lower, outer peripheral portion of the differential case  20 . In the differential device  10 , the ring gear  30  is mounted on the outer peripheral portion of the flange portion  22 . Thus, the differential case  20  and the ring gear  30  are integrated into one body. 
     The ring gear  30  is in a circular ring shape and provided with a teeth portion  31  over the entire outer periphery thereof. In the present embodiment, the ring gear  30  is defined by a helical gear in which a plurality of teeth defining the teeth portion  31  is formed at a slanted angle to the rotation axis line L 1 . The ring gear  30  is made of, for example, carbon steel or alloy steel (such as chromium-molybdenum steel (SCM)) to ensure the strength of the teeth portion  31  and the accuracy of tooth meshing. The side gear  41  and the pinion gear  42  are incorporated into the housing chamber  21  of the differential case  20  so as to pair with each other. 
     In the differential device  10  mounted in a vehicle, the differential case  20  rotates axially with the ring gear  30  on the rotation axis line L 1  when power is input to the ring gear  30  from a power source (e.g., an engine). At the same time, power is distributed to the left and right drive shafts through the pinion gear  42  and the side gear  41  while allowing differential rotation. The differential mechanism of the pinion gear  42  and the side gear  41  is well known, and a detailed explanation is omitted here. 
     The ring gear  30  of such a differential device  10  is joined to the flange portion  22  of the differential case  20  by melt welding. In the present embodiment, the ring gear  30  and the differential case  20  are joined by laser welding, and thus, the ring gear  30  and the differential case  20  are integrated into one body. The welding treatment is performed according to a well-known method. For example, with the flange portion  22  of the differential case  20  in contact with the inner peripheral portion of the ring gear  30 , the contact face is continuously irradiated with laser light in the circumferential direction from the outer periphery side. In this instance, a weld portion W is formed on the differential device  10  over the entire round of the contact portion of the inner peripheral portion of the ring gear  30  with the outer peripheral portion of the differential case  20 . 
     The method for welding the ring gear  30  to the differential case  20  is not limited to laser welding, and they may be welded by, for example, electron beam welding, arc welding, or the like. The contact face of the flange portion  22  with the inner peripheral portion of the ring gear  30  is not particularly limited and may be in a slanted or stepped shape or any other shape. 
     Spheroidal graphite cast iron (FCD) is likely to harden at the weld portion W when welded and thus tends to be poor in weldability. According to examinations by the present discloser, it is believed that FCDs with a tensile strength of about 500 MPa of the conventional FCDs used as a material of the differential case  20  are relatively less likely to crack at the weld portion W. However, FCDs with a tensile strength of about 500 MPa are poor in mechanical strength as a material of the differential case  20 . 
     For FCDs having a relatively high perlite percentage in the base and a tensile strength of 550 MPa or more of the conventional FCDs used as a material of the differential case  20 , the present discloser has found through his studies that such FCDs are superior in mechanical strength but are more likely than FCDs with a tensile strength of about 500 MPa to crack at the weld portion W (more specifically, heat-affected zone (HAZ)) when welded. This may be attributed to the transformation of pearlite in FCD into harder, brittle martensite due to the thermal history during welding, that is, thermal changes during welding in which the cast iron is heated to the A1 transformation point or more and then rapidly cooled. 
     It is known that chilling progresses at the contact portion with weld metal (weld bead) in the structure of the heat-affected zone of cast iron and the portion where the chilling progresses is likely to crack by hardening. However, the chilling in the heat-affected zone can be reduced by known methods, such as a method using welding wire containing Ni. 
     Unlike such a cast iron, the cast iron disclosed herein having the above-described chemical composition has a ferrite-dominated base structure and is, therefore, less likely to transform into martensite when welded. Consequently, the weld portion W of this cast iron is less likely to crack even by welding. Also, the cast iron disclosed herein has a high tensile strength that is equivalent to the tensile strength of FCD600 specified in JIS G5502. Thus, the cast iron disclosed herein, which is superior in mechanical strength and weldability, is suitable as a material of the differential case  20  to be integrated with the ring gear  30  into one body by welding. 
     Additionally, the cast iron disclosed herein is less likely to crack at the weld portion W, and the strength of the weld portion is highly reliable. Accordingly, the test process of the weld portion W with an ultrasonic testing device or the like can be simplified. Furthermore, in the cast iron disclosed herein, since the weldability is improved by the chemical constituents in the base structure, products after casting do not require special heat treatment to improve the weldability of the cast iron. Consequently, the increase in the number of steps of the production line and the increase in production costs can be suppressed. 
     EXAMPLES 
     The present disclosure will be further described in detail with reference to Examples, but the disclosure is not limited to the Examples. In Examples and Comparative Examples, “part(s)” and “%” are on a mass basis unless otherwise specified. Chemical constituents and each physical property were measured as below. 
     [Measurement of Chemical Compositions]: In the measurements of chemical compositions in spheroidal graphite cast iron, C and S were measured with a C-S meter according to JIS G 1211. Constituents other than C and S were measured by an ICP emission spectrometry method according to the standard specified in JIS 1258: 2014. 
     [Tensile Strength and Elongation]: In accordance with JIS Z 2241: 2011, No. 4 test pieces were prepared, and tensile strength (maximum stress) and elongation (elongation at break) were measured at room temperature using a stress-strain curve. 
     [0.2% proof stress]: This is measured by an offset method in accordance with JIS Z 2241: 2011. 
     [Hardness]: Vickers hardness was measured at a test force of 196.1 N and at room temperature in accordance with JIS 22244: 2009. 
     [Pearlite Percentage]: A cross section of cast iron was photographed under an optical microscope (manufactured by Olympus Corporation) at a magnification of 100 times. The taken structural photograph was image-processed to extract the structure excluding graphite as “area of pearlite + ferrite” and to extract the structure excluding graphite and ferrite as “area of pearlite”, and the pearlite percentage (%) was calculated from the above equation (1). 
     Example 1 
     1. Production of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron 
     Scrap iron was added to a high-frequency induction melting furnace, and the material was thus melted by heating. An inoculant and a spheroidizing agent were added to the resulting molten metal, and the molten metal was poured into a Y block-shaped mold. Then, after the molten metal was cooled to the shake-out temperature in the mold, the cast iron was removed from the mold. The chemical composition of the resulting spheroidal graphite cast iron is presented in Table 1. It should, however, be noted that the balance, omitted from Table 1, is Fe and inevitable impurities. In Table 1, “-” indicates that the constituent concerned is not contained. In the cast iron of Example 1, the mass ratio (Mg/P) of the Mg content to the P content was 2.0. 
     2. Evaluation 
     The tensile strength (MPa), elongation at break (%), 0.2% proof stress (MPa), hardness (HV20), and pearlite percentage (%) of the spheroidal graphite cast iron produced in 1. described above were measured. Evaluation results are presented in Table 2. The spheroidal graphite cast iron of Example 1 had a pearlite percentage of 1% and was of ferrite base. 
     3. Evaluation of Weldability 
     An evaluation test piece  50  depicted in  FIG.  2    was produced using the spheroidal graphite cast iron produced in 1. described above and steel (SCM420). The evaluation test piece  50  is formed by laying an FCD plate  52  made of the spheroidal graphite cast iron on a circular ring-shaped gear member  51  made of the steel (SCM420). The FCD plate  52  is a circular plate corresponding to the shape of the upper surface of the gear member  51 . For the evaluation test piece  50 , the contact portion  53  of the gear member  51  with the FCD plate  52  was irradiated with laser light from a side to integrate the gear member  51  and the FCD plate  52  by laser welding. The laser welding was performed under the conditions: laser power of 3.8 kW; welding speed of 1.5 m/min, while using a Ni-containing welding wire. A cross section of the weld portion of the evaluation test piece  50  was photographed under an optical microscope (manufactured by Olympus Corporation) at a magnification of 100 times to evaluate the weldability. A structural photograph of the cross section of the weld portion is shown in  FIG.  3   . In  FIG.  3   , “FCD” corresponds to the FCD plate  52  of the evaluation test piece  50 , and “SCM” corresponds to the gear member  51 . “Bead” represents a welding bead (the same applied to  FIG.  4   ). 
     Examples 2 to 12 
     In the same manner as in Example 1, except for replacing the spheroidal graphite cast iron to be used with the spheroidal graphite cast iron containing the chemical constituents presented in Table 1, the tensile strength, elongation at break, 0.2% proof stress, hardness, and pearlite percentage were measured, and the weldability was also evaluated. Evaluation results are presented in Table 2 and  FIGS.  3  and  4   . The Mg/P ratios of the spheroidal graphite cast irons of Examples 2 to 12 were 2.0, 1.7, 1.2, 1.2, 1.1, 1.1, 1.7, 1.4, 0.95, 1.9, and 1.1, respectively. 
     Comparative Example 1 
     In the same manner as in Example 1, except for replacing the spheroidal graphite cast iron to be used with a spheroidal graphite cast iron equivalent to FCD450, containing the chemical constituents presented in Table 1, the tensile strength, elongation at break, 0.2% proof stress, hardness, and pearlite percentage were measured, and the weldability was also evaluated. Evaluation results are presented in Table 2 and  FIG.  4   . The spheroidal graphite cast iron of Comparative Example 1 had a Mg/P of 2.3. 
     Comparative Example 2 
     In the same manner as in Example 1, except for replacing the spheroidal graphite cast iron to be used with a spheroidal graphite cast iron equivalent to FCD600, containing the chemical constituents presented in Table 1, the tensile strength, elongation at break, 0.2% proof stress, hardness, and pearlite percentage were measured, and the weldability was also evaluated. Evaluation results are presented in Table 2 and  FIG.  4   . The spheroidal graphite cast iron of Comparative Example 2 had a Mg/P of 2.0. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Constituents (mass %) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 C 
                 Si 
                 Mn 
                 P 
                 S 
                 Sn 
                 Mg 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 1 
                 3.1 
                 4.6 
                 0.29 
                 0.026 
                 0.008 
                 — 
                 0.052 
               
               
                 Example 2 
                 3.2 
                 4.5 
                 0.24 
                 0.024 
                 0.009 
                 — 
                 0.048 
               
               
                 Example 3 
                 3.1 
                 4.6 
                 0.79 
                 0.026 
                 0.008 
                 — 
                 0.045 
               
               
                 Example 4 
                 3.5 
                 4.4 
                 0.79 
                 0.029 
                 0.009 
                 — 
                 0.036 
               
               
                 Example 5 
                 3.0 
                 4.7 
                 0.53 
                 0.027 
                 0.007 
                 — 
                 0.032 
               
               
                 Example 6 
                 3.4 
                 4.5 
                 0.87 
                 0.029 
                 0.006 
                 — 
                 0.032 
               
               
                 Example 7 
                 3.3 
                 4.7 
                 0.53 
                 0.028 
                 0.005 
                 — 
                 0.032 
               
               
                 Example 8 
                 3.2 
                 4.3 
                 0.50 
                 0.023 
                 0.008 
                 — 
                 0.038 
               
               
                 Example 9 
                 3.5 
                 4.4 
                 0.50 
                 0.028 
                 0.008 
                 — 
                 0.040 
               
               
                 Example 10 
                 3.4 
                 4.5 
                 0.27 
                 0.055 
                 0.008 
                 — 
                 0.052 
               
               
                 Example 11 
                 3.3 
                 4.5 
                 0.53 
                 0.027 
                 0.006 
                 — 
                 0.051 
               
               
                 Example 12 
                 3.4 
                 4.7 
                 0.52 
                 0.046 
                 0.006 
                 — 
                 0.051 
               
               
                 Comparative Example 1 
                 3.8 
                 2.8 
                 0.26 
                 0.020 
                 0.008 
                 — 
                 0.045 
               
               
                 (FCD450) 
               
               
                 Comparative Example 2 
                 3.7 
                 2.7 
                 0.77 
                 0.024 
                 0.017 
                 0.10 
                 0.048 
               
               
                 (FCD600) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Tensile Properties 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Tensile 
                 0.2% Proof 
                   
                 Hardness 
                 Pearlite 
               
               
                   
                 Strength 
                 Stress 
                 Elongation 
                 HV 
                 Percentage 
               
               
                   
                 (MPa) 
                 (MPa) 
                 (%) 
                 20 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 1 
                 647 
                 528 
                 13 
                 222 
                 1 
               
               
                 Example 2 
                 598 
                 495 
                 18 
                 213 
                 3 
               
               
                 Example 3 
                 628 
                 532 
                 4 
                 226 
                 8 
               
               
                 Example 4 
                 623 
                 508 
                 9 
                 220 
                 6 
               
               
                 Example 5 
                 651 
                 535 
                 7 
                 234 
                 2 
               
               
                 Example 6 
                 649 
                 530 
                 6 
                 231 
                 7 
               
               
                 Example 7 
                 652 
                 537 
                 8 
                 235 
                 3 
               
               
                 Example 8 
                 604 
                 490 
                 19 
                 212 
                 5 
               
               
                 Example 9 
                 617 
                 501 
                 20 
                 220 
                 5 
               
               
                 Example 10 
                 639 
                 527 
                 19 
                 226 
                 2 
               
               
                 Example 11 
                 649 
                 528 
                 18 
                 228 
                 3 
               
               
                 Example 12 
                 662 
                 543 
                 11 
                 233 
                 1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 481 
                 333 
                 26 
                 160 
                 6 
               
               
                 Example 1 
               
               
                 (FCD450) 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 645 
                 439 
                 8 
                 227 
                 88 
               
               
                 Example 2 
               
               
                 (FCD600) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In the comparison of the mechanical properties of spheroidal graphite cast iron among Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, as presented in Table 2, the FCDs of Examples 1 to 12 had a lower or similar pearlite percentage than the FCD (FCD450) of Comparative Example 1, while the tensile strength of the Examples was higher than that of Comparative Example 1 by 110 MPa or more and was as high as that of Comparative Example 2 (FCD600). Also, the FCDs of Examples 1 to 12 exhibited higher or similar 0.2% proof stress and elongation than the FCD of Comparative Example 2 (FCD600). The hardness of the FCDs of Examples 1 to 12 was also similar to that of Comparative Example 2 (FCD600). 
     For weldability, cracks at the weld portion of the gear member  51  and the FCD plate  52  were not found in Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Example 1 (FCD450), as shown in  FIGS.  3  and  4   . In Comparative Example 2 (FCD600), in contrast, the weld portion of the gear member  51  and the FCD plate  52  was cracked. 
     The above results clearly show that the spheroidal graphite cast iron of the present disclosure is superior in weldability while its mechanical strength is as high as FCD600. 
     Although the present disclosure has been described according to embodiments, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments. The present disclosure encompasses variations within equalized ranges and various modifications. Additionally, various combinations and forms, and other combinations or forms that further include only one element or more elements or are composed of fewer elements are also within the scope and range of spirit of the disclosure. 
     REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
     
         
         
           
               10 : differential device;  20 : differential case;  21 : housing chamber;  22 : flange portion;  30 : ring gear;  41 : side gear;  42 : pinion gear;  50 : evaluation test piece; W: weld portion