Patent Publication Number: US-2021192560-A1

Title: Method and system for avoidance of parking violations

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is a divisional of and claims priority to co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/694,644, filed on Nov. 25, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/297,559, filed on Mar. 8, 2019, and titled METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR AVOIDANCE OF PARKING VIOLATIONS, which is a continuation of and claims priority to co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/973,217, filed on May 7, 2018 and titled METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR AVOIDANCE OF PARKING VIOLATIONS, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 15/382,240, filed on Dec. 16, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,997,071, issued on Jun. 12, 2018, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/832,584, filed on Aug. 21, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,558,665, issued on Jan. 31, 2017, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/086,560, filed on Dec. 2, 2014, U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/092,100, filed on Dec. 15, 2014, U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/113,922, filed on Feb. 9, 2015, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/150,118, filed on Apr. 20, 2015, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to parking violation avoidance and, more specifically, to a method and system for providing guidance with identifying and avoiding parking violations. 
     DISCUSSION OF THE RELATED ART 
     Local parking ordinances and rules frequently regulate where and for how long a vehicle may be parked along public roadways. A driver who parks a vehicle in a manner that is not permitted under such ordinances and rules may be described as having committed a parking violation. When a law enforcement officer such as a police officer or other traffic enforcement officer finds a vehicle parked in such a manner, a citation may generally be issued. This citation may be referred to as a parking ticket or parking violation citation. Accordingly, both the act of parking a vehicle in an impermissible manner and the ticket issued for doing so may be referred to as a parking violation. 
     Tickets issued for parking violations may be difficult to contest successfully and may carry a significant monetary penalty. Parking violations may also include penalty points toward your license. These penalty points may result in an increase in vehicle insurance, and after obtaining a certain amount of points within a certain time period, a driver&#39;s license may be suspended or revoked. Additionally, improperly parked vehicles can impede the flow of traffic, interfere with the operation of public transportation and sanitation services, and block emergency and essential services from being effectively delivered. Accordingly, it is in the public interest to increase adherence to parking rules. 
     However, parking rules, regulations, laws, citation codes, etc. (hereinafter, “RRLC”) can be very complex, especially in large cities such as New York City, where there may be a large number of reasons for restricting where people can park and therefore create a high demand for parking spaces. It is therefore common for drivers to commit parking violations, even when they have no intention to violate the rules. The constant congestion and lack of parking spaces paired with the continuing increase in the number of vehicles on the road also exacerbates the current rate of parking violations. 
     Although parking rules may individually be clear, sometimes parking rules are not clear enough when multiple rules are applied in real parking situations on the street, for example, where each of the rules applies only for certain times and on certain days. Drivers often find themselves receiving parking violation tickets due to a lack of understanding or confusion about the parking rules and signs at specific locations. For example, the Rules of the City of New York (hereinafter “Rules of NYC”) are clear in stating that a vehicle cannot be parked over a pedestrian crosswalk at any time. However, a parker might not understand how that rule applies to any given intersection, for example, if the crosswalk line is not completely drawn from one side of the street to another, the parker might misunderstand the incomplete marking and believe that parking is allowed since the vehicle does not overlap a painted crosswalk line. However, parking at that location is still a violation because the vehicle is technically parked over the pedestrian crosswalk, even though there is no clear completely painted line. 
     In a second example, people generally know they cannot park at or within a certain distance (e.g., 15 feet) of a fire hydrant at any time according to the Rules of NYC, but people are often confused as to what rules apply when the parking space is separated from the fire hydrant by one or more intervening elements. For example, drivers may receive tickets when parking in illegal parking spaces which are parallel to a hydrant but are separated by a bike lane. In a third example, parking signs may state that the time restriction for parking is not only during certain periods of time during a day or days of the week, but also for certain months or dates of the year. 
     Because of the complexity of urban parking restrictions, drivers may be confused whether parking is permitted in a given location at a particular day and time. Drivers wishing to abide by parking rules may take care to examine signage that may be posted in the vicinity of a parking spot, but parking signs may be difficult to interpret when the signs seem to describe complicated rules. For example, a first parking sign may indicate that parking is permitted within certain hours while a second parking sign may indicate that parking is not permitted within other hours. To the extent that these hours overlap, parking is not permitted, and a parker reading only the first sign but not the second may believe that parking is allowed, even when it is not. 
     In the view of foregoing, there is a need for a method and system for storing and updating parking violation citation data for a plurality of locations, and helping drivers comply with parking rules and regulations at such locations to avoid receiving parking violations, citations, etc. Further, information resources are needed for users to educate themselves about parking RRLCs and the manner in which they apply for specific locations to avoid parking violations. The above-mentioned shortcomings, disadvantages and problems are addressed herein, as detailed below. 
     SUMMARY 
     The following summary is not intended to identify or point to essential features or limit the scope of the subject matter claimed herein. The present disclosure relates to parking violation avoidance and, more specifically, to a method and system for avoidance of parking violations. An exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure provides a system for providing parking guidance including a central computing system in communication with a user and a plurality of additional users through a computing device. The central computing system is in communication with a database, including but not limited to a unified database, that stores parking violation related data including historical parking violation related data correlated to real-time parking violation related data. The database stores the parking violation related data clustered into data types consisting of commercial vehicle related data and non-commercial vehicle related data. The parking violation related data is further clustered by type of vehicle or type of vehicle plate. The historical parking violation related data includes parking rules, parking violation codes, parking violation statutory codes or abbreviations used by parking enforcement personnel, associated fines or other penalties, parking signs with one or more locations, associated parking meter costs with parking meter locations, notices for temporary or permanent parking prohibitions, tow away zone locations, or parking violation related data. A clock mechanism determines a present time and date. A user engagement panel receives the parking violation related data and contributes to an allocation of monetary or non-monetary rewards as consideration for contributing the parking violation related data. A location determining apparatus identifies a current location of the user. The location determining apparatus is in communication with the computing device. A processing apparatus, in communication with the central computing system is configured to analyze the parking violation related data to predict a violation of one or more parking rules or regulations using the current location, the present time and date, and the parking violation related data and to generate one or more notifications of parking violation related data corresponding to the current location and to the user type of the user. A display apparatus is in communication with the computing device for displaying one or more notifications with said parking violation related data to the user and the plurality of additional users. 
     Another exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure provides a method for providing parking guidance including the steps of utilizing a central computing system in communication with a user and plurality of additional users through a computing device. The step of utilizing a database storing parking violation related data including historical parking violation related data correlated to real-time parking violation related data clustered into data types consisting of commercial vehicle related data and non-commercial vehicle related data. The data is further clustered by type of vehicle or type of vehicle plate. The parking violation related data includes parking rules, parking violation codes, parking violation statutory codes or abbreviations used by parking enforcement personnel, associated fines or other penalties, parking signs with one or more locations, associated parking meter costs with parking meter locations, notices for temporary or permanent parking prohibitions, tow away zone locations, or parking violation citation records. A present time and date are determined. A user engagement panel for sharing parking violation related data is utilized. The user engagement panel contributes to an allocation of monetary or non-monetary rewards as consideration for contributing the real-time parking violation related data. A current location of the user is identified. The user type includes a commercial vehicle user type and a non-commercial vehicle user type, further categorized by type of vehicle or type of vehicle plate. The parking violation related data is analyzed to predict the user potentially being in violation of one or more parking rules or regulations. The one or more notifications with parking violation related data are issued to the user based on the user type to which the user belongs. The one or more notifications with the parking violation related data are displayed to the user and the plurality of additional users. 
     Another exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure provides an electronic parking violation identification system for identifying a potential parking violation for a location. The system comprises a plurality of remote computing devices communicatively coupled to a network and a server communicatively coupled to the network for communicating with the remote computing devices, the server including at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium with computer-readable instructions stored therein, a database, and a processor. The processor is for executing the computer-readable instructions to: receive user data associated with a user from one of the plurality of remote computing devices, the user data comprising an identified location, an identified time, and a user type; display on one or more display screens of the plurality of remote computing devices one or more user engagement panels for enabling one or more additional users to provide one or more ratings with respect to at least a portion of parking violation related data associated with at least the identified location, wherein the parking violation related data comprises at least one of location data associated with one or more parking violations, time data associated with one or more times of the one or more parking violations, one or more reasons for one or more parking violation citations occurring at the identified location, or one or more recommendations for avoiding the one or more parking violation citations at the identified location, wherein the one or more additional users have firsthand experience with the identified location, and wherein the firsthand experience is determined based on (i) a first notification, received by the one or more additional users, that is associated with the identified location, or (ii) the one or more additional users having come within a predetermined proximity of the identified location; in response to the one or more ratings reaching a predetermined number, modify the database to include at least a portion of the parking violation related data rated via the one or more user engagement panels; and generate a second notification including at least the parking violation related data corresponding to the identified location, the identified time, and the user type, wherein the second notification identifies a potential parking violation applicable to the user by inference. 
     Another exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure provides an electronic parking violation identification method for identifying a potential parking violation for a location. The method comprises receiving user data associated with a user from one of a plurality of remote computing devices communicatively coupled to a network, the user data comprising an identified location, an identified time, and a user type; displaying on one or more display screens of the plurality of remote computing devices one or more user engagement panels for enabling one or more additional users to provide one or more ratings with respect to at least a portion of parking violation related data associated with at least the identified location, wherein the parking violation related data comprises at least one of location data associated with one or more parking violations, time data associated with one or more times of the one or more parking violations, one or more reasons for one or more parking violation citations occurring at the identified location, or one or more recommendations for avoiding the one or more parking violation citations at the identified location, wherein the one or more additional users have firsthand experience with the identified location, and wherein the firsthand experience is determined based on (i) a first notification, received by the one or more additional users, that is associated with the identified location, or (ii) the one or more additional users having come within a predetermined proximity of the identified location; in response to the one or more ratings reaching a predetermined number, modify a database to include at least a portion of the parking violation related data rated via the one or more user engagement panels; and generating a second notification including at least the parking violation related data corresponding to the identified location, the identified time, and the user type, wherein the second notification identifies a potential parking violation applicable to the user by inference. 
     In yet another embodiment, the method may further comprise collecting, via the one or more user engagement panels, crowdsourced parking violation related data comprising at least one of: location data associated with one or more parking violations, time data associated with one or more times of the one or more parking violations, one or more reasons for one or more parking violation citations occurring at the identified location, or one or more recommendations for avoiding the one or more parking violation citations at the identified location, receiving one or more ratings of at least a portion of the crowdsourced parking violation related data from one or more additional users via the one or more user engagement panels, and modifying the database to include at least a portion of the crowdsourced parking violation related data collected through the user engagement panel, upon the ratings of the crowdsourced data reaching a predetermined number. The method may also comprise receiving one or more ratings of at least a portion of the crowdsourced parking violation related data received from one or more additional users via the one or more user engagement panels, and, responsive to the portion of the notification receiving a first predetermined number of positive ratings, issuing a reward to the additional user who shared the crowdsourced parking violation related data, wherein the reward is one of a monetary reward or a non-monetary reward. 
     Other objects, features, and characteristics of the present invention, as well as the methods of operation and functions of the related structural elements, and the combination of parts and economies of development and manufacture, will become more apparent upon consideration of the detailed description below with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form a part of this specification. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       A more complete appreciation of the inventive disclosure and many of the attendant aspects thereof may be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1A  is schematic diagram illustrating a system for using data from the database to alert drivers of parking violation occurrences in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure; 
         FIG. 1B  is a diagram illustrating a database in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram illustrating an approach for alerting a driver in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure; 
         FIG. 3A  is a schematic diagram illustrating a user&#39;s interaction with the central computing system using a computing device when a user reports a parking ticket in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure; 
         FIG. 3B  is a flowchart illustrating how the parking ticket information reported by the user is recognized, processed and uploaded to the system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure; 
         FIG. 4A  is a diagram illustrating a user-interface engagement panel (Ticket Sharing &amp; Q/A/C) based on a specific location in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure; 
         FIG. 4B  is a diagram illustrating a user-interface engagement panel (Signs &amp; Other) based on a specific location in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure; 
         FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating an approach for processing parking violation related data in the database in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure; 
         FIG. 6  is a flowchart illustrating a method to alert the user based on the data in the database in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure; 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic diagram illustrating the components of a computing device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure; 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic diagram illustrating the physical composition of a remote operative server that may implement a method and system of the inventive disclosure in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 9  is a schematic diagram illustrating a computing device in communication with the central computing system receiving a notification for commercial vehicles in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure; 
         FIG. 10  is a schematic diagram illustrating a computing device in communication with the central computing system receiving a notification for non-commercial vehicles in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure; 
         FIG. 11  is a schematic diagram illustrating a system for using data in the database to alert drivers of parking violation occurrences through a central computing system and a computing device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure; 
         FIG. 12  is a flowchart illustrating a process of rating data submitted to the user engagement panel to correct, update, and supplement parking violation related data within the database in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure; 
         FIG. 13  is a flowchart illustrating a circular process of rating a notification to dynamically correct, update, and supplement parking violation related data within the database in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure; 
         FIG. 14  is a diagram illustrating a system for inferring a potential parking prohibition based on location in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure; 
         FIG. 15  is a diagram illustrating a user&#39;s computing device and a display of a notification that a user may receive regarding a potential location-related parking prohibition in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure; 
         FIG. 16  is a diagram illustrating a system for inferring a potential parking prohibition based on time in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure; and 
         FIG. 17  is a diagram illustrating a display of a notification that a user may receive regarding a potential time-related parking prohibition in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof and in which specific embodiments that may be practiced are shown by way of illustration. The described embodiments may enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments, and it is to be understood that logical, mechanical and other changes may be made without departing from the scope of the embodiments. The following detailed description is therefore not to be taken in a limiting sense. 
     The present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific terminology so selected, and it is to be understood that each specific element includes all technical equivalents which operate in a similar manner. Although the invention may be described herein with reference to a modern metropolis such as New York City (“NYC”) as the main example for implementation, the system and method is applicable worldwide. The terms “driver(s)” may be used interchangeably with “user(s),” which is intended to encompass driver(s) to include those individuals who might not be a driver but, nevertheless, receive assistance by using the inventive disclosure. In addition, “user” is also intended to cover a wide array of subjects. A “user” may generally encompass private individuals and entities through its one or more representatives interested in reducing the amount of parking violation citations it receives; in essence, the word “user” is intended to describe any interested individual or interested individuals affiliated with entities registered with the inventive disclosure, not limited only to private individuals. The inventive disclosure may assist the user in avoiding parking violations or tickets. The terms “parking citation(s),” “parking ticket(s),” or “parking violation citation(s)” may be used interchangeably, but their meanings may be the same (e.g., a ticket received by a driver for a parking violation). 
     An exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure may refer to the implementation of a system and method through a combination of hardware and software that operates on a portable computing device, which comprises various pre-programmed features combined and integrated with basic components including but not limited to one or more servers, databases, mobile end applications, web portals, network settings, etc. With the support of these components, information may be provided through user interfaces, such as a website, an application, or an in-vehicle navigation system. In addition, there may be one or more servers that may be in a distributed structure with support from data centers that may be located anywhere around the world. These implementations may be communicatively linked and cross-platformed with the electronic map display, indicators which convey parking related information, profile, and setting information etc., so that a user on a computing device may be provided with parking violation related data relevant to a specific location and time. The application may be communicatively linked to or integrated with other embodiments which can include a server, a user interface component, an interface component, and a server interface. The server interface handles communications exchanged between the server and applications instead of directly connecting the two applications, and all management and processing of the data may be administered through the service system server. Features can be implemented through one or more computing devices that allow for method steps to be processed and output by a processor. 
     The computing device may be a device which allows a user to interact with the central computing system and with the user engagement panel through an interface which allows certain panel features to be accessed. This computing device may be a handheld mobile device, an in-vehicle navigation system, or another means of access such as a laptop computer, etc., and the panel features may be discussions relating to avoiding parking violation citations or contesting parking violation citations, for example. The computing device may incorporate several apparatuses by being communicatively linked with one or more devices which allow for it to communicate in turn with the central computing system. Such apparatuses may include a clock mechanism, a location determining apparatus such as a global positioning system (GPS) receiver, and a display apparatus. These apparatuses may reside within the computing device such as in a smartphone or may reside outside and share a wireless or wired link with the computing device. 
     The system may in part include a geographical information system (GIS) to capture, display, and otherwise analyze data. The GIS may integrate an electronic or digital map for instance as a layer (such as GOOGLE MAPS, which is an electronic mapping service provided by Google, a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc., etc.) to be viewed on a computing device to view smartphone, Web-based, or other storage media. With this integration, roadways may be displayed from the map database which presents the analyzed data as to the location and explanations of ticket violations that are easily understood by the user. The GIS system may integrate different layers, and data points with similar attributes can be isolated and output as a layer. That output layer would show all the instances of those data points that have similar attributes. 
     The system may connect internally with various functions of a computing device that include but are not limited to the clock function, phone call function, microphone, GPS tracking for geolocation mapping (latitude and longitude coordinates), and/or camera, etc. The application can run on the computing device and utilize resources which may include microprocessor, memory, GPS, wireless connection and display. A notification can be accomplished through one or more media sources, such as the visual display or audio system, etc. A notification may include, but not be limited to, information about parking rules or regulations applicable to the identified present location of the user, reference to previously issued parking related violation citations, such as the number of previously issued parking related violation citations, for the identified present location of the user, parking signage related information, parking meter locations and associated parking meter costs, as well as reasons for issuance of parking related violation citations at that location. 
     The system may further provide a platform for the collaboration and sharing of parking violation related data. Parking violation related data, which may be historical or real-time, may be crowdsourced or sourced from various sources, (hereinafter, “informational sources”), that include, but are not limited to one or more users or other interested individuals, entities such as the government, government agents, municipalities, non-government organizations (NGOs), private entities, and community organizations, or media sources. Media sources may include, but are not limited to, websites, blog posts, social networks, newspapers, magazines, professional articles, broadcasts, television programs, and any other resources where parking violation related data can be collected, etc. Some of the historical parking violation related data may be provided as public open data from the government agencies and may also be available through a request from the Freedom of Information Act, if not available through public government websites. Some information that is made private by some informational sources, such as government agents&#39; websites, may be accessed by obtaining a user&#39;s permission to access that information. Once the information that needs an authorization has been accessed, the central computing system may notify a user of any upcoming fee and due date for a parking violation citation, etc., as it might not be convenient for the user to access the informational source directly. However, the central computing system or the system administrator may additionally or alternatively obtain parking violation related data through the input from a user and/or interested individuals as well as private entities, for example, transportation companies, or any other organizations that specialize in transportation who may have access to issued parking citations or other parking violation related data. The database may utilize a collection method for the collection of parking violation related data from the informational sources. Parking violation related data gathered from media such as newspapers, blogs, social media, etc. may be collected and summarized manually, for example, by a system administrator or system employee, or automatically, for example, by an artificial intelligence algorithm, to correct, update, and supplement the database. This collected historical parking violation related data may also be corrected, updated, and supplemented by real-time parking violation related data. Real-time parking violation related data is considered to be real-time when one or more users share parking violation related data immediately. “Immediately” can be within a predetermined period of time, such as fifteen minutes from receiving the parking violation, or it may be virtually instant. If the data does not meet requirements to be considered real-time data, then the data is considered historical data, but it will still be used to update other historical parking violation related data already existing in the database. 
     Government released parking violation related data may be available through the applicable authority&#39;s website and/or publicly accessible open data. Although locations identified in such government released parking violation related data might not be as accurate as geolocation coordinates, such data is nevertheless useful. And, to better identify locations from government released data, these locations may be transformed to geolocation coordinates through any qualified third-party software, that provides a location geocoding service for latitude and longitude coordinates, before the citation location data is input into the database. 
     Parking violation related data may also be obtained by crawling (e.g. systematic internet browsing) or otherwise connecting to relevant government or law enforcement websites that store parking violation related data for a specific user. Through this connection, the central computing system may be configured to notify a user of any pending ticket information. However, in order to do so, prior authorization may need to be obtained from the user to automatically search for that user&#39;s parking violation related data, such as pending violations. If there are any pending violations found, the central computing system may send a notification to the user about a currently pending violation. With the authorization from the user, the information from these violations may be input as data into the database to further build the updated comprehensive database to alert other users with reasons for potentially receiving a parking violation citation to help avoid these violations. Parking violation related data may also be sent to a user who has pending parking tickets. For example, in NYC, the threshold amount is $350 in unpaid parking tickets before a driver&#39;s vehicle may be towed regardless of whether or not a vehicle is legally parked, and the central computing system may be able to send an alert about reaching this threshold. Accordingly, the user may receive a notification indicating that the user has for example, $300 in unpaid parking tickets as it is approaching the threshold amount of $350 and the user is at risk of having a vehicle towed once the user reaches $350 and has not yet paid these accumulated ticket penalties. The user may be assisted in claiming the vehicle by accessing relevant towing information if the user&#39;s vehicle has been towed as a result of the accumulated unpaid parking tickets. 
     Various parking violation related data as reported by a user, i.e. crowdsourced data, may be periodically or continuously collected and analyzed to build a more accurate, up-to-date database. As used herein, “crowdsourcing” is a distributed problem-solving method that utilizes online and offline resources to compile services, ideas, and/or content by the solicitation and/or capturing of data from a variety of people native to a special community that is targeted by the crowdsourced subject. Crowdsourcing may be used in gathering data that is not provided through other sources. Crowdsourced data may be in the form of real-time data or historical data. Incentives may be used to encourage reporting of parking violation related data by a user to correct, update, and supplement the data in the database. This incentive structure paired with an administrative quality control center may be used to ensure the quality and reliability of the data in the database, as this data is subsequently used to prevent a user from receiving parking violations and therefore needs to be kept to high standards of accuracy and reliability. Each data input, whether sourced or crowdsourced, historical or real-time, may be assigned a unique tracking number, allowing at least the system administrator to track the data back to its original source if necessary. 
     The system may promote transparency and accuracy of parking violation related data in the database gathered from various sources by utilizing a platform for a user to access the data in the database in a user-friendly, application interface. To build the database, raw parking violation related data, which may include but is not limited to parking violation citation data, may be obtained from informational sources, uploaded to a computer microprocessor, and formatted to include only relevant data used for running analyses and providing notifications. The uploaded parking violation related data may be then split into two sets for cleaning and uploading into the server. The first set may be parking violation related data which is already verified as to having all the necessary information in the right format; whereas the second set may be parking violation related data that needs to be reformatted to include all the necessary information. Once all parking violation related data has been cleaned, the location data may be extracted in a data frame to be used in a third party geocode application program interface (API), for example, GOOGLE GEOCODING API, which is a location geocoding service provided by Google, a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc., or SMARTSTREETS, which is a location geocoding service for latitude and longitude coordinates provided by SmartyStreets, LLC, etc. to output a file with all the geocoded information of relevant locations, where the file may be a file such as a .csv file. Any other type of technology may be adopted or developed to more accurately identify the geolocation related to a parking violation. The output may be reviewed and corrected by the system administrator for accuracy and completeness. Parking signage data and RRLC data files may also be uploaded, cleaned and merged with the citation data into the database. 
     The raw data entered, processed, stored, and analyzed may include but is not limited to: the type of violation; the causes or reasons for the violation; name of law enforcement officer who issued the ticket; law enforcement officer comments on the ticket; registration state; plate type; vehicle type; issue date; violation code; violation statutory code; issuing agency; violation time; house number; street name; law section; subdivision; days parking in effect; from hours in effect; to hours in effect; violation description; any other relevant factors; and/or other parking violation related data from the database, etc. Reasons for parking ticket violations may include but are not limited to: standing in a no standing zone, where it is prohibited to wait or stop to load or unload packages or merchandise at curbside and only allows for stopping to expeditiously drop off or pick up passengers; stopping in a no stopping zone, where it is prohibited to wait, stop to load or unload packages or merchandise or drop off or pick up passengers; parking tickets related to blocking areas, such as parking in front of or blocking an entrance, exit, or crosswalk, as well as blocking a mailbox; parking within a prohibited zone based on a distance from a bus stop or fire hydrant; parking too close to a railroad crossing; parking restrictions based on timing such as holiday, parade route, or other special event parking that only applies selectively; and parking prohibitions that relate to double parking, whether for a certain amount of time or any time at all. Some parking prohibitions relate to a revolving schedule, such as street cleaning parking prohibitions, which happen on given days of the week between two different times. Prohibitions can also relate to user oversights, such as remaining parked after a time expiration. Parking tickets can also relate to parking within a zone or area that is restricted to certain types of vehicles or people, such as parking in a handicapped spot or within handicapped zone or in a bike lane, in addition to parking in a private parking zone or a zone with a required permit. Furthermore, parking tickets can relate to prohibitions or limitation for parking for certain for certain kinds of types of vehicles, such as motorcycle-only parking or parking a bicycle in areas banning bicycle parking. In addition, there may be selective zones that have different penalties associated with them, such as parking in a tow-away zone. Further, reasons can include parking in the wrong direction, or parking longer than the maximum allowed time, or any other conceivable reason, etc. These reasons are mined for notifications as well, as the notifications are based on the data that is stored in the database. For example, in NYC, the Department of Finance uses violation codes to issue parking tickets while these violation codes contain reasons linked to violation statutory laws written into Chapter 4 Section 4-08 of Title 34 of the Rules of NYC. Parking violation reasons may be matched with their respective violation codes, which may be used to infer parking violation reasons for specific locations and generate alerts applicable to a user based on the user type. 
     An exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure may be configured to integrate algorithms to detect duplicate data, if the tickets issued on dates and times match those in the database, which may be labeled as duplicate data and may be automatically removed from the data set. However, tickets issued on dates and times not included in the database may be added to the database, and notifications may be updated to properly reflect added data to then properly alert a user with updated information. 
     The database may also include other types of publicly available useful and critical resources, for example, abbreviations and their common meanings as used by law enforcement. Law enforcement officers often use abbreviations when issuing tickets. On the ticket, abbreviations may appear in the area where the officer specifies the violation and/or location of the violation. Abbreviations may be processed and stored in the database by gathering data from publicly available sources to provide the most accurate and up-to-date meanings. The user may be able to check the language to automatically change the abbreviations to plain English meanings according to location when typing them into the computing device. The function may also be used when the user reports a ticket that contains abbreviations. For example, a user receives a ticket violation for parking a vehicle in violation of the law at a certain location and intends to report. The ticket violation states, the “Place of Occurrence” is “E/S Calloway St. Oft N/of Otis Ave.” The user may, for example, type the abbreviated language into the computing device when reporting, and then the central computing system may automatically change the abbreviations to plain and easily understandable English explanations and then convert the address into a geolocation. For example, tickets with confusing abbreviations, “E/S Calloway St. Oft N/of Otis Ave.” would be changed to “East Side Calloway Street Zero feet North of Otis Avenue” and then used to create the accurate geolocation through a third party&#39;s geolocation API to be entered into the database. The geolocation can then be used to alert other users. A user may earn a reward by uploading an issued parking violation or report any incorrect or inconsistent information; the database may then be corrected, updated, and supplemented accordingly to reflect the changes, in turn making notifications more accurate. These corrections may be supported by proof, such as a photograph or statutory update. The user may, in such instances, be required to furnish such proof. 
     The database may also include parking signage information, for example parking signage location information and parking signage images from the websites of various government sources (e.g. Department of Transportation, hereinafter “DOT”). Parking signs that apply to a user&#39;s current location may be automatically displayed for the user on the computing device after a user temporarily stops or parks in a location. If the user does not understand the signage or has any questions, the user may select (e.g. press upon on a touchscreen) the image of this signage on the display to open the user engagement panel function, where the user may report the signage information and view any exchanged information from other users for this signage that is connected to the current location. It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that “user engagement panel” herein is used to denote a panel a user can access where that user may exchange parking violation related data such as information as well as share relevant ideas. This may be accessible through a terminal or computing device such as a smartphone, tablet, or other means of internet access. A user may interact with the user engagement panel through an electronic touch-sensitive screen on a mobile device or may use any other interactive computing device. Any other potential term may be used to describe this function, such as “forum,” “discussion group,” “online meeting,” etc. The term “user engagement panel” serves this purpose herein. 
     The user engagement panel may be used by one or more users, or other interested individuals, or entities such as the government, government agents, municipalities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), private entities, and community organizations, or media sources. If parking signage information is not available from government resources, the user may choose to submit parking signage information for the applicable parking signs with the possibility of receiving certain monetary or non-monetary rewards. Accordingly, a user might not have to physically leave the vehicle to spend time walking to the sign to figure out if parking is allowed, putting them at risk of receiving a ticket during this time. Instead, the user may receive a notification with applicable parking signage for that specific location. The notification may be based on user type, vehicle type, and/or plate type. The parking signage image notification may include a rating system, so the user may rate the notification positively or negatively, confirming accurate information and indicating the presence of inaccurate information. 
     Monetary and non-monetary rewards can cover a wide range of tangible or intangible items. For instance, a non-monetary reward may be the granting of access, for a time, to certain premium system features, or it may be a user or subscription fee waiver. Monetary rewards may include rewards such as reimbursement for ticket citation payments, or payments of tickets in part or in full or other predetermined monetary reward. In addition, monetary rewards may also be related to parking meter time, etc. 
     A potential user may be asked to register with the service by providing driver&#39;s license pertinent information such as name, type of plate, type of vehicle, the state or country issuing the driver&#39;s license, and an email address to create a user ID for each user of the application. User IDs may be necessary for the purposes of tracking reports and ratings made by each user. Credit card and/or debit card information may also be requested for subscriber fees for certain services provided for a certified user. A certified user may be allowed to use various features of the application which include but are not limited to reporting data and rating data. The subscriber fees collected may also directly or indirectly fund the source used to help pay for user&#39;s incurred tickets as a part of the incentive structure in order to obtain more parking violation related data. For instance, a user can upload their parking violation citations to the user engagement panel, and other users can give positive or negative ratings depending on at least the accuracy of the provided citation. The data in the database may be updated, corrected, or supplemented to reflect new parking violation related data, which may lead to a corresponding notification being updated accordingly. Once the notification reaches a predetermined number of positive ratings, confirming thereby that the data conveyed by the notification is correct, then the user who shared that new parking violation related data may receive a monetary or non-monetary reward. A monetary reward may be funded from collected fees. A user may be limited, however, in how many times the user may vote on a single submission in the user engagement panel in order to root out indecent or fraudulent behavior which may be undertaken to reap a reward unfairly, such as rigging self-submitted parking violation related data to be positively rated. 
     An exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure may include a user profile database configured to store user information and associations between each user and the user&#39;s computing device after registering. Once registered, a user may set and change their information in their user profiles, if desired. Settings that may require a user&#39;s input or preference may be subsequently changed by the user within the settings (e.g. on/off). For example, the user may change the type of vehicle the user is currently driving. Accordingly, this is also applicable to the type of plate associated with the vehicle. The following types of user may be recognized: non-commercial vehicle user and commercial vehicle user, further categorized by type of vehicle and type of vehicle plate. Since different RRLC may apply to non-commercial and commercial vehicles resulting in different types of ticket violations which may be categorized, a user who indicates in their profile that they drive a commercial vehicle may be automatically marked in the different category for only commercial vehicles. Non-commercial vehicles may include but are not limited to: passenger cars, mini-vans, SUVs, etc. Within the commercial vehicles database, the type of commercial vehicle may be split into categories, which may include, but are not limited to, tractor-trailers, trucks, buses, taxis, and limousines, etc. Parking rules applicable to commercial vehicles might not also be applicable to non-commercial vehicles, and accordingly, data may be separated from different types of vehicles into different categories so that the tickets may also be categorized depending on the vehicle and the violation reasons. 
     The application may allow different types of user to enter parking violation citation information which may be categorized in the database according to different data types. For example, drivers of non-commercial vehicles may receive tickets for parking in commercial vehicle only standing zones which only permit commercial vehicles to load and unload cargo. Therefore, the citation database may include citation data from non-commercial vehicles and commercial vehicles, which may be separately labeled according to the vehicle type. Vehicle type data may show different types of vehicles which commit the violations. Although there are two types of vehicles that have their respective databases, the two types may be combined and integrated in one database. Different types of user may then be issued a notification with the type of data that correspond to their user type. A notification may be made more accurate since tickets may be grouped in separate categories depending on the type of vehicle and types of vehicle plates, which may be included in commercial vehicles or non-commercial vehicles. 
     The user engagement panel may be preset to focus on a particular area, such as an identified current location of a user. When a user opens the user engagement panel, the content that may automatically display may be based on the user&#39;s present location. A user who receives a notification may click on a notification to access more details about a potential parking violation. If the user is still not satisfied with those details, the user may use the user&#39;s computing device to connect with the user engagement panel, where the content that automatically displays may be information in even greater detail. This content may include parking signage, and the user may submit a question to the user engagement panel based on the user&#39;s specific location. However, the user engagement panel may also be accessed for content in other areas. For example, this may be a user in New York who intends to rent a truck to move to Florida. The user might like to see parking violation related data applicable to a certain area where the user intends to unload the truck. Since the truck is usually considered a commercial vehicle and different states might have different regulations regarding parking and unloading a commercial vehicle in the street, it might be convenient for the user to get familiar with parking violation related data applicable to that certain area prior to the move to avoid receiving a parking violation related citation. It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that this is one example in a wide array of potential reasons a user may want to access user engagement panel content for areas encompassing that user&#39;s immediate surroundings. 
     A user can also tailor which notification that user wants to see. In addition to having a notification issue on the basis of what kind of vehicle the user is driving, or what type of vehicle or what type of plate, the user can specify further what he or she does or does not want to be notified about. The user can preclude a single notification or a whole category of notifications. In addition, the user can specify the type of information he or she would like to see in a notification. For example, the user may specify to not see any image of signage, instead opting to see simply a short description of that signage. In another example, a user who parks often in the same area each day could specify that the notification relevant to that parking location at certain times does not need to be displayed each day, as the user may be very familiar with the rules. Whole categories of notifications or specific parts of each notification may be able to be turned off, too. For example, a user might not feel the need to see a notification that serves as a reminder to pay meter fees or other violations, which may occur solely due to the user&#39;s disregard of obvious or known parking norms. If such violations do occur and the user attempts to contribute parking violation related data regarding them, a system administrator may preclude this data from being added to the database, or certain parking violation data may be precluded automatically. For example, this would be a citation issued for an expired meter, or a citation issued from blocking a driveway though these rules may differ by location, those violations might not be relevant to a user who is well informed about those rules. In addition, a user may limit a notification to certain times, such as having parking reminders issued on nights and weekends while being turned off during working hours during the week. This is, however, an example and not intended to limit in any way the time customization that the user can specify with regard to which a notification is issued, nor is it intended to limit what information does get incorporated into the database. 
     Since there are different types of commercial vehicles, the central computing system may also sort and categorize data depending on vehicle type, plate type and the issuing agency of the specified parking violation. Information may be inferred depending on plate type, vehicle type and issuing agency. The same rules may apply to the same category of vehicle or the same type of vehicle plate, which may be regulated by a specific agency. Different issuing authorities may have different rules and regulations that apply only to the vehicles they have the authority to regulate. Accordingly, violation citation data may be categorized based on type of vehicle and also type of vehicle plate in order to provide an accurate notification to a user who based on user type. This categorization may be applicable to both commercial and non-commercial vehicles. However, law enforcement may have the authority to regulate all types of vehicles and issue parking violation citations to them all. Accordingly, a notification may apply to all types of vehicles or all type of vehicle plates, but a notification may apply selectively to different types of vehicles. Parking violation related data may be sorted into the same categories that parking rules may apply, where each violation citation datum includes but is not limited to time, reasons, location, type of vehicle, and type of plate etc. for the received parking violation citations. Since some rules may apply to some vehicles and not to others, depending on the type of vehicle and type of vehicle plate, then a notification may be sent to all applicable vehicles. For example, in NYC, the Taxi and Limousine Commission (hereinafter, “TLC”) regulates commercial vehicles which have a plate beginning with the letter, “T.” TLC officers have the authority to issue specific types of tickets unique to TLC vehicles based on TLC regulations but do not have the authority to regulate other commercial vehicles, for example buses, which are regulated by the DOT. 
     Different parking violation related notifications apply in different situations. A notification may be generated from the database that involves the processing and analysis of several data set components: available historical and compiled data from informational sources; real-time or historical data as crowdsourced from user&#39;s input parking violation related information; crowdsourced parking violation dispute related information to assist or advise ticket disputes; rules and abbreviations data; parking meter locations and parking meter fees data; ticket dispute data from a user and any and all supplemental information as provided and/or verified by the system administrator, all of which may be subject to review and/or ratings. Data may be labeled in the database according to its source. The exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure may use a team of professional individuals with relevant expertise in parking violations and/or parking rules to verify the accuracy of the data in the database. A notification may be corrected, updated, and supplemented depending on data gathered and user ratings. Using the user engagement panels, crowdsourced parking violation related data may be collected which comprises at least one of location data associated with parking violations, time data associated with times of the parking violations, or reasons for parking violation citations occurring at an identified location. Through the user engagement panels, ratings of at least a part of the notification or crowdsourced parking violation related data may be received from additional users. Based on the ratings of the part of the crowdsourced data or the notification reaching a predetermined number, the database may be modified to include at least a portion of the crowdsourced parking violation related data collected through the user engagement panel(s). In response to the part of the notification or crowd sourced parking violation related data receiving a predetermined number of positive ratings, a reward may be issued to the additional user who shared the crowdsourced parking violation related data, where the reward may be one of a monetary reward or a non-monetary reward. 
     A notification may be short, stating the reasons on why a user might not park in a particular location with other brief information that summarizes the historical parking violation related data at the location. This notification may be brief because a user may receive this notification on his or her display apparatus and may be either driving when looking for parking or distracted from conducting other activities. A notification alerting a user may be generated based on the different categories, types of vehicle, and/or type of vehicle plate applicable to the user receiving the notification. One type of notification may include information about the potential violation such as dates and time frame applicable to the violation, historical summary of violation citations at the current location, reason(s) for the violation, etc. The historical summary of ticket information may contain a time frame from certain dates that are reflected in the data (for example, date, month, time, etc.), parking violation reasons, applicable penalties, total penalties collected, categories of ticket types and their applicable penalties, and the number of tickets issued within the time frame to educate the user and act as persuasive information in order to inform the user of the potential consequences of parking in a certain location to avoid the user from taking a chance to park in the location with violations. 
     Another type of notification may appear when the system displays on a display screen of a user&#39;s remote computing device a comparison of parking rules applicable at different jurisdictions, for example, rules that apply at the current location and rules of the state that issued the user&#39;s driver&#39;s license. For example, a user whose driver&#39;s license is issued in Connecticut might not know that parking is not allowed within 15 feet of a hydrant in New York since the rule in Connecticut is set at 10 feet away from hydrant. Among other instances, the user may be able to view this notification information at any time, by pressing a button on the screen of the computing device at the location to check for parking violations or to check for different parking rules. A user may rate the information on the notification and also report the notification to the system administrator if they think there is inaccurate or false information. In this manner, double ratings may occur (e.g., ratings of the parking relevant data and ratings of the notifications based on the parking relevant data). It will be appreciated that such double ratings will help the system to self-correct as conditions change. 
     As the system records and stores accurate geolocation GPS coordinates (longitude and latitudes) of the user&#39;s computing device, the notification sent to a user can be customized and localized to the user&#39;s location based on a predetermined radius. Since the database stores and analyzes RRLC from different municipalities and/or other authorities, geolocation and applicable RRLC may be matched to send a notification according to the user&#39;s user type and current location or a location indicated at a user&#39;s request. For example, the location identifier may use the user&#39;s present location to place the user within a particular set of jurisdictions. This function may be useful for a user who drives across state or country lines and are unfamiliar with the RRLC from different states or countries. The database may have the user&#39;s driver&#39;s license information as the user may enter and store the information of the driver&#39;s license with the state or country who issued the driver&#39;s license when registering a profile. Using the location from where the user&#39;s driver&#39;s license was issued with a user&#39;s current geolocation data, the central computing system may send a notification for different rules or a summary of different parking rules to the user according to the geolocation as it changes. The user may press a button on the display of the computing device to view the summary of the different parking rules when comparing the location that issued the user&#39;s driver&#39;s license with the user&#39;s current location. The inventive disclosure might not only be applicable within the different states of the United States but may also be applicable between different countries worldwide. 
     Since a notification is short and meant to alert the user with quick, summarized information about the potential parking violation, the user may utilize the user engagement panel, including but not limited to a forum module, to obtain more comprehensive and detailed information from posts which include but are not limited to inquiries, responses, discussions, pictures, videos, written descriptions, and any other information that may be posted. The information submitted to the user engagement panel is subject to ratings from additional users. The additional users may provide feedback, suggestions, negative ratings, positive ratings, etc. Once the submitted information reaches a predetermined number of positive ratings, that information may be used to correct, update, and supplement the database accordingly. The submitted information will transform to a new (e.g., a second) notification to be issued to a user. This new notification or new crowdsourced parking violation related data is then subject to further ratings by additional users having firsthand experience. 
     A user having firsthand experience is identified as a user who has received a notification with parking violation related data about a specific location, including when the user passes within or has passed within a predetermined distance or radius of that specific location. This radius may be set by default or preset by the user through the settings. For the purpose of identifying the firsthand experience, the central computing system may be connected to the Internet and a computing device capable of determining a user&#39;s geographic location (i.e., via a GPS receiver, etc.) and transmitting the identified geolocation of the user to the central computing system. The system may track, using a GPS receiver, the location and time of the additional users, and store this location data and time data in the database in order to identify the tracked location and time of the additional users. In response to receiving the ratings from the additional users, the stored location and time data associated with the additional users may be retrieved in order to determine whether the additional user(s) has (have) firsthand experience based on the retrieved location and time data. Once the notification or crowdsourced parking violation related data reaches a predetermined number of positive ratings, then the user who submitted the initial information which may be later transformed to a notification, may receive a monetary or non-monetary reward for the valuable contribution. Whereas the notification that reaches a predetermined number of negative ratings may then correct, update, supplement, or otherwise modify the database. 
     While reported ticket data is used to generate or update the content appearing in a notification, all of information provided in ticket sharing may go to the ticket sharing user engagement panel (e.g. photos, videos, etc.). A notification may be displayed when the user is approaching the specific location where the user may potentially receive a parking violation citation. Information provided by a user in the user engagement panel may correct, update, and supplement information provided in a notification. The combination of receiving a notification and accessing a user engagement panel may provide more useful and extensive information for a user because a notification provides quick, time sensitive information while the user engagement panel provides the detailed, extensive information useful to gain full knowledge of the situation. 
     The user engagement panel may incorporate two aspects: it may be connected to the specific location of violations on the electronic map or a general user engagement panel where a user may discuss general ideas not related to specific locations. The user can press on a location related to parking violations within the map display to choose “Panel,” to access the user engagement panel, which may include different categories where information may be exchanged between users, for example, tickets sharing; questions or answers or comments; parking signs; and/or other categories not included in the above, if any etc. The content which is automatically supplied in the user engagement panel is based on the user&#39;s current location. The tickets sharing category may allow a user to view comprehensive, detailed parking violation related information for a particular location including but not limited to a copy of the ticket without sensitive information; reasons for the violation; time of the violation; and an advisory to avoid the violation, etc. The questions or answers or comments category may allow a user to ask any questions, input any answers, and input any comments related to parking violations for the location in addition to viewing all this information contributed by other users. The parking signs category may allow a user to exchange information regarding parking signs, such as redesign of a parking sign regarding, or translation to a different language or clarification of content. Other categories not included in the above may be added or deleted at the discretion of the system administrator. When a user has an inquiry regarding parking violation related information for a location, the application may allow the user to post using the user engagement panel to obtain more information. The user-input information may be open to comments and/or ratings from other users. Comments with the most positive ratings may be given priority ranking for the position of the comment on a list. If the positive ratings reach a predetermined number then the user may receive a reward. The user engagement panel may allow other users to provide various comments that include but are not limited to information on whether a dispute may be successful based on provided circumstances from the user who received the parking ticket. 
     A user may use the user engagement panel to post a picture of a parking or street signage at a specific location and ask about the plain language of the sign. Drivers often experience difficulty in understanding parking signs, especially when there are multiple signs for different parking rules. In addition, many drivers might not have a strong command of the English language, which leads to further difficulties in interpreting the signs. Therefore, the user engagement panel may provide information on s the parking signs associated with a specific location and translate these parking signs not only into another language, but also into easy-to-understand, plain-English terms. Since some parking signs are confusing, a user may participate in redesigning them to make new designs. A user may create redesigns or translate traditional parking signs to different languages to be more understandable. Their design images may be subject to a rating system, and the top design which generates the most positive ratings over a certain number after a certain amount of time may be rewarded. The top-rated design may remain at the top of the list so other users can view and easily understand the meaning of the signs. 
     The user may be allowed to do a general search for violations in the specific location within the user engagement panel and may further search based on type of vehicle or type of vehicle plate. If the search does not result in an answer that satisfies the user, the user may have the option to post their own inquiries in the user engagement panel connecting to the specific location. By educating users through sharing at least their own parking violation related experience, other users may be more conscious of their parking actions, which may help in the avoidance of receiving tickets and/or overall reduction of parking ticket violations. All functions of the application, such as a notification and the user engagement panel for example, may be available in different languages that can be changed by the user. An exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure may use a third-party service and/or API, for example, GOOGLE TRANSLATE, which is a language translation service provided by Google, a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc., or the system administrator may hire professionals with expertise in parking violations and also competent translators to translate the content to different languages or provide explanations in plain English. A user may also translate information, which may be subject to positive and negative ratings. 
     An exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure of the application may also connect to a third-party electronic map, for example, GOOGLE MAPS, which is an electronic mapping service provided by Google, a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc., etc., to provide a street view function on the user engagement panel for specific places with a ticket occurrence. Other media, for example, photos, videos, etc. for the location may also be provided by a user or employee of the system. This is especially useful for those locations with a predetermined number of violations where more information should be provided or for those locations where a user may be unfamiliar. The user&#39;s privacy or the public&#39;s privacy may be protected when uploading photos, videos, etc. 
     A notification may be sent based on violations with time restrictions. Time restrictions may be a time frame where parking is not allowed within a certain location, which may be used to help produce a time-sensitive notification when applicable. The data may reflect an accurate time frame for these violations rather than track each time as its own specific instance of a violation and may notify a user about the entire time frame when parking is prohibited, and not just a specific time point as indicated on the ticket. In addition, when parking violation related data is identified as time sensitive, whether submitted through a user engagement panel or collected from another source, the system administrator may be given the discretion to immediately incorporate this time-sensitive data into a notification, because there may be a need to notify a user as soon as possible, such as in the case of a temporary notice or a tow away zone, and because some information regarding a time-sensitive prohibition may be preferable to no information. In this scenario, the time-sensitive data may not need to reach a predetermined number of positive ratings prior to being incorporated into a notification. If a notification with time-sensitive parking violation related data reaches a predetermined number of negative ratings, this time-sensitive data may be removed from the database. 
     Time frame data may be applicable to several situations: for example, “No Standing Anytime” where the time frame would need to indicate 24 hours, so any user whose geolocation data shows a location that is in a No Standing Anytime zone may receive a notification at any time. Time frame data may also be applicable to alternate-side parking, for streets that do not allow parking during certain times due to government street cleaning services, which for example is usually applicable for half an hour (e.g. 9 AM-9:30 AM) or temporary tow zones notices, which for example are usually applicable for a day or a few days. The database may connect with the computing device to send an automatic notification, reminding the user to move a vehicle due to street cleaning rules. 
     Although government websites may provide information on locations and the applicable rules for parking signs, the data might not be complete or may be unavailable. Therefore, the user engagement panel allows for user reporting of parking sign information, which may be used to generate a notification. The user engagement panel may also allow a user to update parking restriction conditions to indicate for example, the condition has been changed temporarily or permanently, etc. The government agency or law enforcement agency, such as the police department may release information on their websites or post a temporary notice on the street regarding a temporary notice of “No Parking” areas on certain streets for certain time. Temporary notices also include no parking notices due to some special events, for example gatherings, road repairs, movie productions, etc. However, people might not know of or might not necessarily see these notices posted on the parking sign or the notices might not readily be apparent; when a user parks his or her vehicle the user may be notified by the processing apparatus of any applicable temporary notices for these reasons. When a user discovers the information, the user can report the notice to the user engagement panel and upload a picture of the notice, whereby the database may apply the stated parking rule to the whole street. As a result, a user who has parked his or her vehicle on the applicable street during the applicable time frame and/or distance frame restrictions or who has indicated in the settings that he or she wants to receive a notification for any temporary notices on the street may receive a notification. The central computing system may prevent this user from potentially receiving a ticket or being towed away since the notification may warn the user of the temporary notice. This reporting method may also be applicable to other situations where any RRLC may be updated if the database does not detect it by itself. A user may submit and upload any relevant information through various media that include but are not limited to: photos or images from cameras, sensors, videos, hand drawn pictures, written descriptions, and any other mediums to accurately describe the situation for the location through the user engagement panel. To encourage a user to report the discovery of any changes in RRLC, a user may earn rewards. The system administrator may also hire employees or third-party contractors to report the temporary notices so a notification may be sent to the user. 
     There may be an occasion when the processing apparatus may find a parking violation by directly correlating the user type with the present location and the present time in mining the database for parking violation related data. A direct correlation may be in such a case where there has been a parking violation citation issued at the current location at the current time, which was issued based on a parking prohibition relating to the same user type, and also relating to the same type of vehicle or type of vehicle plate. For example, a direct correlation may be when a non-commercial vehicle user is given a notification that warns against parking at Location X at 5:15 PM on a Tuesday because there is data in the database which matches the situation: a non-commercial vehicle receiving a parking violation citation for parking at Location X at 5:15 PM on a previous Tuesday. At least these three points-type of vehicle, location, and present time-all correlate directly. In this instance, a potential parking prohibition does not need to be inferred, as there is an exact data point which establishes the basis for the notification. 
     The processor or processing apparatus may execute instructions to infer a parking prohibition based on location to warn a user about the potential risk of receiving a parking violation citation at the user&#39;s intended parking location. The processing apparatus may analyze parking violation related data that is available in the database for the surrounding locations and compare such data with RRLC. If the intended parking location of the user falls between at least two locations with a record of previously incurred parking violation citations applicable to the user type of the user, the processing apparatus may infer that the user may receive a parking violation citation at that intended parking location. Parking violation related data may also be analyzed to predict a potential parking violation applicable to the user by inference. The inference may be based on at least one of at least one relevant parking location, at least one relevant parking time, at least one relevant parking location corresponding to at least one predetermined time frame, where the identified time is within the predetermined time frame, and/or at least two parking violation citations previously issued for at least two parking locations for violating a parking prohibition, where the identified location is between the at least two parking locations that are a predetermined distance from each other, where the at least two parking locations correspond to one relevant parking time, and where each of the at least two parking locations is associated with a same type of parking violation citation. To properly make an inference, each of the two previously incurred parking violation citations may be based on the same reasons or same type of prohibition or violation, and that reason may correspond to the inference. Those reasons may be the reason for the same parking violation citation, such as parking in a No Parking Any Time zone. An inference may not be made accurately if one parking violation citation is for an expired meter fee while the other parking violation citations is for parking in a loading zone. 
     Furthermore, some parking violation citations may not be the basis of an inference such as a parking violation citation issued for the reason of an expired meter. The distance between locations which the intended parking location falls between may depend on various factors. One factor which may affect the distance between those two locations may be what RRLC applies. For instance, the distance may be shorter if that distance is based on a fire-hydrant parking rule; if there was for example a 15-foot parking prohibition on each side of a fire hydrant, the parking violation citations may only be within 30 feet. In another example, there is a parking prohibition relating to parking on a road running alongside a military base. The distance between two locations may be greater because the scale of the parking prohibition. In this example, an inference based on location can be made where the distance between the two locations may be greater because of an RRLC of greater scale. The central computing system may predetermine this distance based on the applicable RRLC. In addition, the distance may be predetermined based on location, where the distance in a denser city with higher instances of parking violation citations may be smaller than that of a rural area with low instances of parking violation citations. The predetermined distance between locations may be on the same side of the street on a city block, or it may be a shorter predetermined distance between locations. For example, the database has a record of a parking violation citation received by a vehicle at Location A, address being 130 31st Avenue. The database also has a record of a parking violation citation received by the same or different vehicle parked at Location C, address being 134 31st Avenue. The processing apparatus may analyze these parking violation citations to infer that the same or different vehicle parked at Location B, address being 132 31st Avenue, may receive a parking violation citation. In this example, the predetermined distance relates to three addresses along the same side of 31st Avenue: 130, 132, and 134. 
     The processor or processing apparatus may execute instructions to infer a parking prohibition based on time to warn a user about the potential risk of receiving a parking violation citation at the user&#39;s intended parking location at the present time. Thus, the processing apparatus may analyze parking violation related data that is available in the database for the user&#39;s intended parking location and that carries a timestamp close to the present time. If present time is associated with at least one parking violation citation within a predetermined time frame, the processing apparatus may infer that the user may receive a parking violation citation at that intended parking location at the present time. The predetermined time frame may be predetermined based on applicable RRLC, or the predetermined time frame may be a time frame that is a time frame based on the time of issuance of a parking violation citation. This time frame may also be a time frame such as one, two, or three hours, or a larger time frame such as ten hours or any other duration depending on relevant factors, such as a prohibition for street sweeping which applies for an hour and a half Another parking prohibition may be no parking between 9 am and 5 pm, where the time frame may be an eight (8) hour time frame. For example, the database has a record of a parking violation citation received by a vehicle parked at Location A at 9:13 am, where the known RRLC is a parking prohibition due to street sweeping which applies from 9:00 am-10:30 am. The time frame in this scenario may be predetermined to be an hour and a half based on the duration of the street sweeping prohibition. The processing apparatus may analyze the parking violation citation to infer that the same or different vehicle parked at Location A may receive a parking violation citation if a user parks at 9:51 am, because 9:51 am is within the predetermined time frame. In another scenario, the database has a record of a parking violation citation at Location “H” at 7:15 pm. A notification may be issued to a user who intends to park at Location “H” at 7:21 pm. This notification may be issued because 7:21 falls within the same half-hour time frame as the parking violation citation. 
     The processor or processing apparatus may also execute instructions to infer a parking prohibition based on time by analyzing similar times on different days of the week. If the times are at the same time every day, or at the same time on the same day, the processing apparatus may infer that there may be a parking prohibition at this time on this day, or this time every day. For example, a vehicle at Location B at 9:30 am on Tuesday receives a parking violation citation. The same or different vehicle at Location B at 9:30 am on Wednesday receives a parking violation citation. The same or different vehicle at Location B at 9:30 am on Thursday receives a parking violation citation. The processing apparatus may analyze these parking violation citations to infer that the same or different vehicle parked at Location B at 9:30 am on a Friday may most likely receive a parking violation citation. In another example, a vehicle at Location “C” at 9:30 am on Tuesday, September 1st receives a parking violation citation. The same or different vehicle at Location “C” at 9:30 am on Tuesday, September 8th receives a parking violation citation. The processing apparatus may analyze these parking violation citations to infer that the same or different vehicle parked at Location “C” at 9:30 am on Tuesday, September 15th may receive a parking violation citation. One of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate that a notification based on an inference may not be completely accurate, as implied by the word “infer.” However, it is also to be understood that a notification may be corrected, updated, and supplemented by ratings from users. A notification containing information about an inference is valuable for a user because it may be sent to a user even when there may not be a large store of information available; in this manner a user may be given reasonably accurate information in situations with potentially little data regarding parking violations. 
     A user may receive a parking violation citation notification from the system. The user having firsthand experience with the notification for this location can then rate this notification based on the inferences. The positive ratings are used to verify that the inferred violation is accurate. When the inferred violation reaches a certain number of positive ratings that may be predetermined, the processing apparatus confirms the validity of the inferred violation. The inferred violation may then become a direct correlation violation and may no longer need to be inferred by the apparatus, as it may be a permanent notification until verified contradicting information proves otherwise, where when inferred potential parking violations reach a predetermined number of negative user ratings, the notification which conveys the inference may be withdrawn. This may also happen when there is a parking violation citation that is issued in a location that has an inferred potential violation. For example, when an inference is proven by a citation at some point, that information regarding the inferred potential violation may be changed to reflect a direct application of database data. 
     Since violation codes may be different depending on the agency that issues tickets and collects ticket penalties, violation codes data input into the database may include violation codes from various agencies and/or statutory codes as they appear when written into law. For example, in New York City, a parking ticket may state the Department of Finance Violation Code as “14,” which means “General No Standing: Standing or parking where standing is not allowed by sign, street marking or; traffic control device,” and state “In violation of NYC Traffic Rules, Section: 4-08(c) No Standing.” Accordingly, available parking rules data, for example, Chapter 4 Section 4-08 of Title 34 of the Rules of NYC and also Violation Code data from the Department of Finance may be entered into the database. The central computing system may use these violation codes with the matching section codes and their respective meanings, which are stored in the database, to infer the time frame and distance frame to which the no standing rule applies as no standing is usually for 24 hours and may extend for a whole street block. If a user does not participate by reporting, then the system administrator may hire an employee to physically inspect the location and verify the distance frame. The processing apparatus may use this information to accurately alert the user based on the vehicle&#39;s distance or time frame. Though inferences might not be 100 percent accurate all the time, as there are sometimes exceptions to rules on a certain street between two similar locations, the combination of knowing the codes that underlie the reasons for getting a ticket in the first place and having a user rate the notification and the information allows for that potential inaccuracy to be accounted for. Tying a notification back to a user engagement panel may increase efficiency and accuracy, allowing the notification to be corrected, updated, and supplemented too. 
     The system may alert the user when the user is parking in or near a tow zone area which includes but is not limited to private parking only, permit only, temporary road repairs, access for emergency services, and driveways which cannot be blocked. Other situations may include handicapped parking, reserved parking, parking permit only, and any other parking spaces designated for special purposes, wherein special purposes parking locations may be reported by one or more users, interested individuals, private entities, and the system administrator who may also collect such information from informational sources. “No parking,” “Tow away zone,” “24 hours active driveway” etc. are usually indicated with lines, signs and/or words that state for example, “Tow Zone” or “Private Parking Only.” Tow away zone information may include a time frame when parking is illegal at an identified location of the user and the user&#39;s vehicle; the distance to or from the tow away zone where parking is illegal; and information about private and public tow away zones, along with relevant information about towing companies and costs and penalties associated with the user&#39;s vehicle being towed away. 
     People who are authorized to manage such spaces subject to towing can register towing information, or a user can report this information, which may be used by the central computing system to notify other users who are not authorized to park in the space at any time. Important towing information includes but is not limited to location of the tow zone, towing company name and telephone number, penalty for parking in the tow zone, and other relevant contact information. Drivers who illegally park their vehicles in a tow zone may be alerted about the parking violations and penalty through a notification based on information saved in the database. If a user parks illegally and their vehicle has been towed, the user may check the parking location by pressing a button on the display of the computing device to show the towing information such as the phone number, towing penalties, and other contact information if it has been registered by the people who are authorized to manage or access such tow zone space. The user may use this information to easily call to find out where the vehicle has been towed. Both time and resources may be saved because a user is deterred from parking in the space if the user knows it is a tow zone and has information about the penalties. Tow zone areas may also be indicated on the map display through different colors to reflect that temporary parking is not allowed, for example, due to a temporary tow zone notice for road repairs. A user may upload images of the posted temporary tow zone signs when reporting the notice, and then the system may notify another user through a notification which is subject to positive and negative ratings. 
     The processor or processing apparatus may be in communication with a central computing system to process the information reported from one or more users who enter such information and upload images of their ticket violations and to generate one or more applicable notifications with parking violation related data corresponding to the identified present location of the user and the user type of the user. While ticket information may be processed and used to create or update a notification, ticket reporting from one or more users is also connected to the ticket sharing user engagement panel. After receiving this ticket, the user can access the user-engagement panel to report the location of the violation. The user may identify the type of parking ticket to be reported from a menu of available pre-determined types. A multi-level menu system can be used to guide the user to a selection, which identifies the type of possible ticket type. The server receives the report and the user&#39;s geolocation and determines additional contextual information that may be provided by the user and/or the user&#39;s computing device from the stored user profile. The processing apparatus may also collect user supplemented information including, but not limited to, personal knowledge and/or ticket information with the time of the violation, the exact location as printed or written on the ticket, and the reasons for the violation, etc. A user may also be required to enter information such as photographs, videos, and written explanations to share their ideas on why the violation occurred in the form in connecting with the parking violation location. 
     There may usually be two types of tickets: either a handwritten or machine generated ticket from a law enforcement officer or a machine generated ticket from a street camera image. Different law enforcement agencies may also use different forms for ticket violations. Any user reported information may include the information such as location, time, reasons, and also any suggestions, advice and/or solutions the user can contribute in order to share knowledge to educate other users to avoid the same type of violation again. The person who receives the ticket may be in the best position to submit suggestions, advice and/or solutions based on personal experience 
     The user may supplement reported information with photos of the location and any written explanations in addition to the photographs in the user engagement panel that are connected to the location of the violation. If the user takes a picture of the ticket to upload to the database, the application may allow the user to edit the image with an image editing function by covering, blurring, or redacting information and/or sharpening the image prior to uploading the picture. A user may cover or blur parts of the images with sensitive information, for example name, plate number, or vehicle identification number, etc. Using optical character recognition to sharpen blurry images increases the success rate for a computer to recognize the information in the image. As an alternative, the database may also allow a user to scan the parking violation citation by utilizing a camera with scanner software downloaded on a computing device. 
     Reported information may be subject to review and/or ratings by the system administrator and also other users to ensure that credible information is being collected to provide a notification. Comments, suggestions, etc. may be listed in the user engagement panel according to ratings, and the ones with the highest number of positive ratings may be listed at the top, so other users can clearly view the postings to gain the best knowledge. The user may be allowed to report to the system administrator any potentially inaccurate information with applicable proof. The system administrator may be able to open a case where an employee and/or user may be sent to conduct an investigation of the purported inaccurate information to verify the quality of the information. A reward may be provided for the user who may have assisted in the investigation. 
     The central computing system may provide an informational and educational function, where it provides a notification that may give specific reasons and suggestions on how to avoid the same violation and displays the historical summary of the violation to persuade the user to not take a chance at parking in a location with parking violations and so the user may know about a violation in advance. 
     An exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure may utilize an incentive method since the database incorporates at least a method of crowdsourcing data from one or more users through means of a user engagement panel. Crowdsourcing relies on the participation of a large number of people who are incentivized for participation. Basically, this incentive method allows a user to post and share parking violation related data to gain positive ratings, a predetermined number of which may earn them one or more rewards. In this method, the user may be rewarded based upon the user&#39;s proactive effort to report ticket information with efficiency, helpfulness, and accuracy. When a user receives a ticket, the user has the option to dispute or pay the ticket before the deadline. The user may receive positive ratings after the ticket information is complete and submitted to the user engagement panel. Alternatively, a user may search the database for parking violation related data regarding a particular location, and then provide ratings for that parking violation related data. As an incentive for users to search for and rate parking violation related data for a particular location, the system may issue an award or reward for such ratings upon those rating reaching a predetermined number. 
     A reward may be issued to the first user who reports ticket information at a location that has no prior ticket history of parking violations in the database. The amount the user may receive may be the total amount stated on the user&#39;s ticket or an amount that is set by the system administrator according to the amount of positive ratings received for providing ticket information along with comments and recommendations on how to avoid parking violation citations (e.g., parking at the identified location may be illegal or not allowable at the identified time, such as the present time, but may be legal or allowable at a certain time, such as five minutes after the identified time, at the identified location). Similarly, the user&#39;s identified location (e.g., current location) may be deemed illegal or not allowable, but if the user moves forward or backward a certain distance such as two feet or ten feet, the user&#39;s location may then be legal or allowable at the identified time and new location. It will be appreciated that various combinations of such time and location recommendations may be included in notifications to the user. Through rewards, a user may incur no losses from ticket violations and may also educate others to better comply with RRLC by sharing ideas to avoid future parking ticket violations. The reward system may involve several steps. In order to be eligible, the user may be required to be the first user to fully report new ticket information in detail for that specific location that did not have any prior ticket history by reporting the date; the time from the issued ticket with specific information on the reasons for the ticket; and giving beneficial suggestions, ideas, and/or advice on how to avoid the same violation. The first user who shares the full details of the ticket information and receives a certain number of ratings may receive a reward. However, other users may be allowed to enter ticket information if the ticket for the same location indicates different reasons or violations which may qualify for a reward. The application may allow a user to take a photo of the ticket, which may be redacted or sharpened before submission as described. Each location may allow for the submission of one original ticket report which may allow one user to gain a reward. However, the system administrator may change the type of reward and/or amount of reward to different users who report parking ticket information by descriptions in different circumstances. For example, a reward for the first user may pay double amount of the reward or give a gift as a monetary reward. Also, a user who actively participates in supplying crowdsourced information may do so without expecting to be rewarded. In this case, the user may opt out of receiving rewards through settings in the user engagement panel or may simply decline a reward when one is being offered. 
     Tickets issued by law enforcement officers may indicate a date which serves as the deadline for paying the ticket violation. An incentive to the user is rewarding efficient and useful reporting to help other users pay for their tickets through a reward system. Incentives are crucial to obtaining both an active participation from one or more users and also for obtaining accurate and truthful information. Active participation is important because statistical analysis depends upon a large group of data and it is important to continuously obtain real-time data of current situations. 
     For quality control purposes, a verification system may be implemented. For rewards, the user engagement panel may track ratings, so that a user might only endorse one time for every ticket report. Additionally, the user may only rate the notification of potential parking violations if the user has personally experienced and/or received such notification when a user&#39;s geolocation is indicated to be within a predetermined radius of the location with violations. Such a user who has received the notification based on their firsthand experience can either endorse (positive) or rebut (negative) when rating the notification. Allowing for the rating and verification system, the user engagement panel may ensure that the ratings are up to date. A notification is rated, and a notification that contains inaccurate information and is negatively rated can be flagged and corrected, and a notification that is rated highly can remain. In turn, a new notification based on new information may be rated in the future, which may lead to further rating in the future. For example, this may be the cycle that keeps the data in the database updated regarding any changes or inaccuracies. 
     The process by which the database is kept current involves, in part, a user rating the notification that the user receives. Because a notification is based on data points that relate to parking information within the database, when a user rates the notification, he or she is also rating the data contained in the notification. Through those ratings, it can be determined if the data is accurate or applicable to a particular parking location. If the data turns out to not be accurate or applicable, it can be used to correct, update, and supplement parking violation related data in the database based on user feedback. If it turns out to be accurate and/or applicable, then the correctness of the data may be reinforced through the feedback. The notification that a user may receive may consist of information regarding a specific parking location. The notification may convey to the user that there are not currently any parking prohibitions in place that relate to the parking location, or it may inform the user about relevant rules or regulations that are currently in effect. The user can then rate that notification, either positively or negatively (e.g., whether it was correct or incorrect). The process can be illuminated through an example of a notification informing a user that there were no parking prohibitions in effect when in fact the user&#39;s parking location was subject to a temporary prohibition regarding street sweeping. In this case, the user may, on the user interface, rate the notification (e.g., provide a negative rating). A user may substantiate a negative rating by submitting proof that the notification or crowdsourced information was inaccurate. The user, in this example, may take a picture of the sign that announced when the street sweeping was in effect, or any other relevant signage. This feedback is collected along with the ratings, which may update the database to reflect the new user-submitted data. If the data that the user provides through this negative rating turns out to be accurate, it may be used to correct, update, and supplement the database. 
     However, the data or information provided by negative ratings would have to be past a predetermined number to overturn a notification. If a negative rating and its corresponding information have not passed the predetermined number, the user&#39;s negative rating may be shown in the notification by including an indication that a small percentage of users have rated the notification negatively and/or as inaccurate. When those negative ratings do reach the predetermined number, the new information provided through those ratings may replace the existing relevant data in the database. This in turn updates the content of the notification that is issued. In the above street sweeping example, if the user is the first to indicate that there is a relevant street sweeping regulation, and the user engagement panel receives ten more negative ratings saying that the notification in effect is incorrect, supported with information similar or the same to the first user, then once there has been enough submissions or ratings, the database may be corrected, updated, and supplemented based on this corroborated information. How much is “enough” may be predetermined, such as 10, 25, 35 ratings or submissions, etc., or it could be based on the percentage of total ratings. For example, a 25%, 10%, or 1% negative rating threshold may trigger a data review. The predetermined number of ratings may also differ based on location. In a busy location such as Midtown Manhattan, the density of parking violations and the demand for specific parking locations may be higher than in more rural areas. In addition, there may be more users sharing or rating the parking violation related data. Therefore, these different locations may have different standards for predetermining a number. Regardless of location, once the information submitted reaches that predetermined number, it may be incorporated into the database. The user who is the first to provide corrective information may be provided with a monetary or non-monetary reward for being the first to contribute new and useful information that is incorporated into the database, which gives incentive to a user to provide accurate and timely information, therefore keeping the database current. 
     Ticket violations are legal documents and may be subject to disputes. When a user may want to dispute the ticket violation, the user engagement panel in connection with a specific location of a parking citation may be useful because other users may comment on their personal situations on whether a dispute is likely to be successful or meritless. Crowdsourced data may be collected within the user engagement panel, for parking violation related dispute information from one or more users in order to assist users with useful dispute information. This dispute information may also be useful for a user who encounters a law enforcement officer and can use this information to discuss and explain the situation to the law enforcement officer. The user may show the law enforcement officer that, in fact, other users who have received the specific parking ticket violation have disputed it in court and have won. The law enforcement officer, who is now informed of the situation, may or may not issue the ticket violation or may revoke the ticket violation as a result if the officer has the discretion to do so. This method may save a user money because if the dispute has merit, as reported by others, the user may win the case. If the dispute does not have merit, as reported by other users, then the user may decide to just pay the fine and not dispute the ticket. Information related to disputes may be used to inform other users of ticket dispute success probabilities. The system administrator may also hire professionals, who may specialize in parking ticket disputes, to assist in resolving dispute issues in the user engagement panel. The application may allow a user to check dispute success probabilities through pressing a button on the display that connects to the database of parking violation tickets received by other users. Accordingly, a user may be educated on how to use legal remedies with efficiency. 
     The system, via the user engagement panel, may also educate a user on the process of disputing tickets if a dispute is meritorious. It is often the case that a user is unsure whether to dispute, and how to dispute the ticket violation when they do. The user may utilize crowdsourced ticket dispute information from other users to find out whether a ticket has a good chance of being dismissed if disputed based on information submitted by other users. The dispute procedures may include information on the types of evidence that may be collected and submitted to the proper authority who adjudicates the dispute. The user may also be allowed to search and connect with third parties, such as lawyers who are experienced in disputing ticket violations, whereby the application may allow the user to email pictures and other types of documents to the third-party directly from the application. The user engagement panel functionality may also allow a user to share information on their hearing and results of their hearing for their tickets. Other users may use this information as a reference for future hearings since a user may be able to see other users who may have gotten the same type of ticket in the same location for the same reasons. This information may be collected to conduct analyses on locations that may have unusual ticketing activity to initiate guidelines to the user. 
     The application may alert the user to avoid the parking violation ticket by notifying the user through email, text message, phone call, phone alert, voice mail etc. automatically at the choice of the user who set this in advance in the settings. Functionalities, notably the user reporting function, may connect to third party APIs to provide voice-to-text capabilities. A user who utilizes the voice-to-text function may record their voice by speaking their statements into the microphone which may be connected to the computing device, where statements may be converted to text. Accordingly, a user might not necessarily have to enter information manually and may submit information by recording their voice statements. 
     The geolocation of each individual user may be recorded while driving, along with the user&#39;s speed, in which a slow speed of 1-3 mph, for example, may be indicative of the intent to park within a certain radius of the intended destination as preset by the user. Based on the user&#39;s geolocation and speed, an inquiry may be sent which asks for example, “Parking?” If the user chooses “Yes” then any parking violations within a predetermined radius of a specific parking location may be identified, and the notification may be applicable to the user type of that user. To generate a notification, the processing apparatus may query different data sets within the database for example, any historical citation information currently available; RRLC applicable to the user type of that user, the user&#39;s present location, and present time; any administrative notices or temporary notices applicable to the user type of that user, present location, and present time etc. If the user does not respond to the alert after a certain time, for example, 3 seconds, then the inquiry may disappear automatically. The user may receive an inquiry for the parking intent, when the user&#39;s geolocation is within a predetermined proximity of the intended destination, which may be a certain number of feet as set by the user. The user may also set the number of notifications the user would like to receive (e.g., a user may want to receive an inquiry or notification once, twice, or the user might not want to receive any notification, etc.). If the user does not respond to the notification, the processing apparatus may stop sending the notification after it reaches the number of instances previously set by the user. After this, the user may press a button on the display if the user would like to view the potential parking violation notification information for the current location. Since a road map may be integrated in the database, if the vehicle slows down or stops in the middle of the road due to traffic or other reasons, or is outside the radius of the intended destination, the central computing system may recognize such location through the geolocation GPS coordinates and speed data and may automatically know to not send a parking intent notification since parking is not allowed in the middle of the road because it may block the street. The notification may appear on the display of the computing device or may include the option for a voice alert. According to an embodiment herein, parking intent of the user is identified by determining and analyzing the current instantaneous speed, through the accelerometer, and the proximity to the intended destination, through the location identifier. When the user shows parking intent, the database may be checked for any potential parking violation citations applicable to the location depending on the time and day. When parking intent is identified, the notification that appears will be for parking violation related data found within a predetermined radius of the user with parking intent. The predetermined radius may be preset by the user to be a certain distance because a user may prefer a radius of 500 feet of a destination whereas another user may prefer a predetermined radius of one thousand (1,000) feet. If a user does not preset this, there may be default settings for the predetermined radius, which may differ depending on the location. For example, a default setting for a predetermined radius may depend on the city in which a user is located. 
     The system may also connect with third party weather APIs to retrieve historical weather information for the specific location to predict future parking situations where weather may have an impact on parking violations based on indications of increased parking violations during certain weather conditions. During similar weather circumstances, a user of any parking restrictions which may apply in the location where the user may intend to park. For example, if the central computing system detects through a weather API and geolocation that the user intends to park in a location subject to any expected snowfall or floods, it may compare this information to the historical parking violation related data within the database to find out if there may be any weather-related parking restrictions and increasing number of parking violations in the location which may be applicable. The user may receive a notification when the weather forecast is similar to situations from historical data that reflect an increase in the number of violations for a certain area due to the same weather conditions. For example, the historical data for a certain location showed an increase in parking violations when there is snowfall. The historical data shows the increase in parking violations was a result of the snow covering up a fire hydrant, leading drivers to believe they can park in the location since they cannot see the fire hydrant. Accordingly, if there have been previous violations due to specific weather-related reasons, a user may be directed to find an alternative parking location to avoid potential parking violation citations. 
     The computing device can be integrated with in-dash systems to enable full function within a vehicle. This integration is not limited to in-dash systems and may also be integrated in the vehicle by original equipment manufacture or a third-party add-on equipment that may be mounted within a vehicle. The inventive disclosure uses direct integration of the disclosed parking space information system into the navigation and GPS in an onboard computer of original equipment manufactured vehicles. In such embodiments the disclosed architecture can be integrated directly into a vehicle&#39;s computer system. 
     When integrated into an in-dash navigation system, the vehicle&#39;s display may be used to show a parking notification as described above. The in-dash integrated system embodiment can provide remote updates and communications to the user through the installed disclosed violation related information and parking violation avoidance application on the user&#39;s computing device to alert the user for example, when the parking time limit is approaching expiration, impending street cleaning or other temporary restrictions. When a user arrives at a parking spot, central computing system may receive the vehicle&#39;s location and may send a notification to a user&#39;s computing device to remind the user about the approaching parking meter expiration when applicable in addition to other relevant restrictions. 
     Integration may include utilization of vehicle equipment, for example speedometer, accelerometer, cameras, inertial sensor, gyroscope sensor, GPS sensor, and any other applicable equipment, etc. Utilization of this vehicle equipment may be used to obtain comprehensive real-time and historical activity information about the vehicle, for example its direction, speed, orientation and acceleration, etc. in order to issue an applicable notification to the user. 
     A combination of hardware and software operates on an application of a computing device and a central computing system, such as a computer, generally with one or more connections to a wireless wide area network (WAN) (e.g., the Internet). The central computing system may be configured to communicate with network service coordinated through communication means. Combined pre-programmed features based on certain protocols or methods of integration of basic components (i.e., servers, databases, mobile end applications, web portals, network settings, etc.) may be utilized such that the applications could be applications written for ANDROID, a mobile platform developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance, IOS, a mobile platform developed by Apple, Inc., WINDOWS PHONE, a mobile platform developed by Microsoft Corporation, etc. 
     In order to dynamically update the records, an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure may use a database or a set of databases (or data storage media). The database may contain several data categories or groupings. The database contains information for both historical and real-time records, where the real time and historical sections of the database may be independent or synchronized in order to retrieve information from both sections at the same time. The database may also contain records regarding a user and records from specific user engagement panels. This data could include rules and administrative data as well as user data. Historical data is kept track of partly by assigning a tracking number or service ID number that would be assigned to ticketing or related information to help refer back to it if it comes into question. Information that could be held within this identification may be information, such as the reason a ticket may have been issued, who or what agency issued it and where it took place, such as address specific information including house or building number, zip code, borough, city or state, how much the fine is and how the payment for the service took place if it did. 
     It is to be understood by one skilled in the art that the database updates and syncs dynamically whenever there are changes or updates in data blocks; the server and database may dynamically update the data to reflect the latest changes. Any backup database related to the database may also change accordingly to also reflect the latest changes. In an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure, such information may be organized or structured in a manner allowing for effective sorting and retrieval. In an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure, the information may be stored in a non-relational or unstructured manner. One of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that there are numerous methods for providing, storing and organizing data in a database or other data storage media. Additionally, there may be at least one backup database that may backup the primary database frequently in case of data loss in the primary database. While referenced as a “database,” one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that in practice this could be implemented in numerous manners, including but not limited to a data storage medium, whether structured or unstructured, relational or otherwise. One of ordinary skill in the art would also appreciate that there are numerous methods of providing databases and data storage media for the organization and retrieval of specific information, contemplated for use with any appropriate database or storage means. 
     The comprehensive database may store administrative data and other information. The administrative data includes any information or data, which is part of the application or other access means, comprising system data such as contact and FAQ information, registration details regarding a user, for instance, billing or identification information or other relevant information relating to administering the service, for example how long the user has been registered or the frequency of use. Additional data which may be input into the database includes, but is not limited to, locations where a user traveled to, other transaction data and details, historical data, and user engagement panel contributions from a user. 
     A user may access historical records, may explore the database, and may retrieve related data from a search function or other means. Each time an input or request from a user who wants to see related information is made, a safe access channel with database(s) may be opened and the central computing system may send out the query sentences through the access channel to a database management module. If it is a relational database, then the data tables may have one kind of relationships, such as one-to-many relationships, many-to-many relationships and one-to-one relationships with other data table(s). Based on the relationships between data tables, the database(s) management module follows the query sentences and finds the specific data table(s) by using ID(s), table names and columns names of the tables with or without joining two or more data tables together. If it is a non-relational database, instead of data tables, the data may be stored in key-value pairs, then the database management module follows the query sentences and finds the specific data by using keys that query sentences provides. Whether a relational or non-relational database is used, after the database(s) management module retrieves the targeted data, then the central computing system may send the search result back to the server through the secured access channel. Then the secured channel is closed until the next time it needs to be opened. The relevant data that has been organized within the database may then be retrieved and displayed. 
     A geographical information system (GIS) may be used in concert with the server for capturing, displaying, storing, manipulating, and analyzing geographic information. To fulfill certain query operations, a GIS can extract and analyze data from the database, or data may be stored within the database management system (DBMS) of a GIS. A GIS may be used to visualize the data within the database. For example, in New York City, data sources such as MapPLUTO from NYC Open Data and Open Street Map contain geodetic base maps. Then, an inventory of other data points such as meter parking, locations of bus stop, commercial vehicle parking, taxi lanes, bus lanes, parking garages, street parking locations, parking restrictions, locations of fire hydrants, etc., can be gathered and applied through a GIS and visualized on a base map. This provides a way to usefully sort, access, and view the data. 
     GIS consists of some important components to carry out its fundamental functions properly. The components of a GIS are as follows: hardware, which entails a central computer or any secondary device attached to it that enables the GIS to be functional; software: algorithms written using executable programming languages to store, analyze, and display geographical data and information; and data: any information to be analyzed, such as parking locations, maps, etc. In addition, a GIS may have to be maintained by a technician or some other qualified person with knowledge of the precise upkeep procedures, especially those concerned with adjusting system functions to an organization&#39;s need for a GIS. Different classes or models of a GIS may also be used for different applications. For example, a GIS such as a field model may be necessary to analyze data which changes over continuous areas. Discrete models may be used to analyze data which relates to points in a two-dimensional space. Finally, network models may be used to analyze two points connected by a series of points, such as points along a highway or a railroad. 
     Data may be cross-platform and thus may be accessed through different computing devices, such as web portal and/or applications, at the same time where desired. The different components within the computing device, which may be in many different forms such as tablet computers, cellular devices, smartphones, laptop computers, personal computers (PCs), in-vehicle navigation, and/or servers, or any other communication enabled devices may interact and communicate to share information. A user may use a computing device to access modules provided to the user through an application on the user&#39;s computing device. 
     The administration may also be handled through another module different from the one used by a user. In such a case, a user would not need the same features as a system administrator. One of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate the many different forms and functions of computing devices and understand that the exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure could be carried out with any, and also understand that the different types of user demand different functionalities. 
     The user may communicate, for example, using any approach for communicating data over one or more networks or to one or more peripheral devices connected a computing device. Communications approaches may include, but are not limited to, circuitry and control systems for providing wireless connections, wired connections, cellular connections, data port connections, Bluetooth connections, or any combination thereof. One of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that there are numerous approaches for communications that may be utilized. 
     A user module with which a user interacts is dynamic and may be adjusted according to specific location. The user module may be connected through the server, for instance, through bi-directional wireless communication configured to show location data on the electronic map display and other data as input from a user. Displayed features may be specific to the location or region that the computing device is located in, so that region-specific information may be provided on the display interface. 
     An exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure may also adjust user module features, including the content displayed as part of a user interface features, based on other user selections and preferences. An application, a map component, a map database, and a location identifier, such as, for example, a GPS module or other circuitry for providing LBS data may be integrated for certain location identification functions. The GPS determines the location of the computing devices in different ways, for example through receiving location-based resources. One of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that there are numerous approaches for providing location identification and location-based services. A GPS-enabled system or device allows the tracking components to identify the location of a user. According to an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure, the user&#39;s current location can be determined by a location identifier. The location identifier can determine the location of the computing device in different ways. In one example, the location identifier can be instantiated through processing of received GPS data from location-based or geo-aware resources of the computing device. In addition, the location identifier can also receive GPS data from other applications or programs that operate on the computing device. For example, a computing device may communicate with one or more other applications using one or more APIs. The application can use the location information to cause a user interface component to configure a user interface framework based on the location information. 
     The region may be identified by a zip code or a city name or a metropolitan area name in which the computing device is currently located. Region-specific information about the parking related information may be provided in part. Preferences or limitations which are locationally based depend in part on GPS-enabled devices. 
     The components may be combined to provide user module features that are specific to user selections and user locations, and/or real-time conditions to enable a user to receive parking violation related information. For instance, the application can correspond to a program that is downloaded onto a smartphone or other portable computer device such as a tablet computer or personal digital assistant (PDA). A user can download and install the application on a computing device and register the computing device. 
     User interfaces may include, but are not limited to, a homepage user interface, a user engagement panel that is used for one or more users to share or exchange ideas about avoiding parking violation citations, a summary interface, a location user interface, a database access interface, or a combination of any of the features described. One of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that there are numerous user interfaces that could be utilized and are contemplated for use with any appropriate user interface. 
     The application can retrieve a user&#39;s information and other data that is stored in the database. In some implementations, the database can be stored remotely and user information can be retrieved from the database(s). The application can use the data stored in the database to identify previous locations with parking violation related data. 
     An exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure, as described herein, is not limited to applications involving conventional computer programs or programmable apparatuses that run them. It is contemplated, for example, that embodiments of the invention could include an optical computer, quantum computer, analog computer, or the like. Each element in flowchart illustrations may depict a step, or group of steps, of a computer-implemented method. Further, each step may contain one or more sub-steps. For the purpose of illustration, these steps (as well as any and all other steps identified and described above) are presented in order. It may be understood that an embodiment can contain an alternate order of the steps adapted to a particular application of a technique disclosed herein. All such variations and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of this disclosure. The depiction and description of steps in any particular order is not intended to exclude embodiments having the steps in a different order, unless required by a particular application, explicitly stated, or otherwise clear from the context. The elements depicted in flowchart illustrations and block diagrams throughout the figures imply logical boundaries between the elements. However, according to software or hardware engineering practices, the depicted elements and the functions thereof may be implemented as parts of a monolithic software structure, as standalone software modules, or as modules that employ external routines, code, services, and so forth, or any combination of these. All such implementations are within the scope of the present disclosure. 
     In view of the foregoing, it may now be appreciated that elements of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations support combinations of elements for performing the specified functions, combinations of steps for performing the specified functions, program instruction media for performing the specified functions, and so on, whether the steps are performed automatically or not. 
     It may be appreciated that computer program instructions may include computer executable code. A variety of languages for expressing computer program instructions are possible, including without limitation C, C++, Java, JavaScript, Python, assembly language, Lisp, and so on. Such languages may include assembly languages, hardware description languages, database programming languages, functional programming languages, imperative programming languages, and so on. In some embodiments, computer program instructions can be stored, compiled, or interpreted to run on a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, a heterogeneous combination of processors or processor architectures, and so on. 
     In some embodiments, a computer enables execution of computer program instructions including multiple programs or threads. The multiple programs or threads may be processed more or less simultaneously to enhance utilization of the processor and to facilitate substantially simultaneous functions. By way of implementation, any and all methods, program codes, program instructions, and the like described herein may be implemented in one or more threads. The one or more threads can spawn other threads, which can themselves have assigned priorities associated with them. In some embodiments, a computer can process these threads based on priority or any other order based on instructions provided in the program code. 
     Unless explicitly stated or otherwise clear from the context, the verbs “execute” and “process” are used interchangeably to indicate execute, process, interpret, compile, assemble, link, load, any and all combinations of the foregoing or the like. Therefore, embodiments that execute or process computer program instructions, computer-executable code, or the like can suitably act upon the instructions or code in any and all of the ways just described. 
     The invention may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular data types. The computer program and data may be fixed in any form (e.g., source code form, computer executable form, or an intermediate form) either permanently or transitorily in a tangible storage medium, such as a semiconductor memory device (e.g., a RAM, ROM, PROM, EEPROM, or Flash-Programmable RAM), a magnetic memory device (e.g., a diskette or fixed hard disk), an optical memory device (e.g., a CD-ROM or DVD), a PC card (e.g., PCMCIA card), or other memory device. The computer program and data may be fixed in any form in a signal that is transmittable to a computer using any of various communication technologies, including, but in no way limited to, analog technologies, digital technologies, optical technologies, wireless technologies, networking technologies, and internetworking technologies. The computer program and data may be distributed in any form as a removable storage medium with accompanying printed or electronic documentation (e.g., shrink wrapped software or a magnetic tape), preloaded with a computer system (e.g., on system ROM or fixed disk), or distributed from a server or electronic bulletin board over the communication system. It is appreciated that any of the software components of the inventive disclosure may, if desired, be implemented in ROM (read-only memory) form. The software components may, generally, be implemented in hardware, if desired, using conventional techniques. 
     Exemplary embodiments of the inventive disclosure may be used by members of the general public and/or computer systems which include but is not limited to: professionals, civilians, vehicles, websites, robots, in-vehicle systems, Global Positioning Satellites (GPS), and/or other systems. It is also intended that the inventive disclosure may be used not only within an application of a computing device, which may include primarily of smartphones, tablet computers, laptop computers, in-dash vehicle systems, etc., but may also be enlarged to encompass other systems or services which may process, utilize, and display the parking violation-related data, for example, contributions to the field of information services for online mapping companies and GPS manufacturers, smart phone or mobile device manufacturers, wireless service providers, application creators and developers, and mobile operating system developers and distributors, automated vehicle systems that do not require a physical driver in the vehicle etc. 
     Features of an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure may provide a user with one or more visual and/or audio notifications. These one or more notifications may be provided on a user&#39;s in-vehicle navigation system, or they may be provided on a separate computing device, such as a smartphone or tablet through wired or wireless connection. Any feature may integrate with a platform or application program interface (API) to provide features which cannot be implemented on certain devices. In cases where vehicles already have an in-vehicle navigation system, parking violation related data may be provided to an information processing center that will process the data to be used. After the data is processed, it may go through a sub-system for information provisioning, and then be delivered to a user&#39;s in-vehicle navigation system. In vehicles that do not have an in-vehicle navigation system, parking violation related data may be integrated into one or more computing devices, which may be GPS enabled. 
     Detailed description of the figures herein with the figures are supplemental for further detailed description of the invention, to explain the invention for better understanding. Accordingly, the following descriptions and figures are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive. In the description of the figures below, it is understood that the details described above may be combined with or used in place of similar attributes described below and that the figures are used only to illustrate a particular exemplary embodiment the inventive disclosure. It is to be understood, that for the purpose of providing simplified figures that are easy to understand, many of the details above have been omitted from the figures, however, it is contemplated that the details described above may be incorporated into the approach of the description below in any feasible manner. Exemplary embodiments described herein are illustrative, and many variations can be introduced without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. For example, elements and/or features of different exemplary embodiments may be combined with each other and/or substituted for each other within the scope of this disclosure. 
       FIG. 1A  is schematic diagram illustrating a system for using data from the database to alert drivers of parking violation occurrences in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure. The central computing system  100  may be the primary computing entity for performing the method described herein. The central computing system  100  may be deployed on the operative server  101 , and in turn the central computing system  100  allows the operative server  101  to interactively communicate with other implements. The operative server  101  may be instantiated as one or more server computers and/or virtual machines that may work together to determine when drivers warrant a notification, and to provide the drivers with the notification, when warranted. The operative server  101  may accomplish this by accessing parking violation related data from data sets in the database  102 , through the communicative means of the central computing system  100 , periodically accessing the data sets in the database  102 . Alternatively, these tasks may be done by the central computing system  100 , which may access the data set of historical and real-time parking related violations in the database  102  using specific APIs, by subscription, or by being pushed this data as it is made available. The central computing system  100  may also source parking violation related data from one or more users and/or other entities. The central computing system  100  may parse the historical and real-time parking violation related data to understand its contents in a standardized and unambiguous manner. The central computing system  100  may generate a separate notification for a user of commercial and non-commercial vehicles as well as a separate notification based on type of vehicle and type of vehicle plate. 
     The user who provides the parking violation related data may, in addition to providing the data, access the central computing system  100  to pay parking violation fines. The central computing system  100  may connect to a ticket payment API  107  to facilitate this payment, where such a ticket payment API  107  is provided by the ticket issuing entity. A user may make use of the parking violation related data in the database as they drive in their vehicles  105  by interacting with the central computing system  100  via a computing device  106 , such as a mobile device that is carried by the driver or an in-vehicle navigation unit installed in the vehicle  105 . The computing device  106  may communicate with a network of communications base stations  104  and may interact with the central computing system  100  via the Internet or other wireless connection  103 . 
       FIG. 1B  is a diagram illustrating a database in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure. Data sets are categorized according to non-commercial vehicle data  108  and commercial vehicle data  113  in the database  102 . Non-commercial vehicle data set  108  includes non-commercial vehicle historical parking violation citations data  109 , non-commercial vehicle real-time parking violation citations data  110 , non-commercial vehicle parking rules and abbreviations data  111 , and other non-commercial vehicle relevant data  112 , such as types of vehicles, types of vehicles&#39; plates and other data related to non-commercial vehicles. Commercial vehicle data set  113  applies to commercial vehicles only, which includes commercial vehicle historical parking violation citation data  114 , commercial vehicle real-time parking violation citations data  115 , commercial vehicle parking rules and abbreviations data  116 , and other commercial vehicle relevant data, which may include types of vehicles, types of vehicles&#39; plates and other data related to commercial vehicles  117 . Data stored in user information data set  118  may include data such as type of the vehicle, type of vehicle plate, etc. The user information data set  118  may also be used to store user profiles, settings, preferences, user-input reliability to prevent system abuse. 
     Once the parking violation related data in the database is standardized and made unambiguous, the central computing system  100  may interpret that parking violation related data from the database  102  to understand a set of rules that appears to govern the enforcement of parking violations in a specific area. These rules may be mathematical functions that take location, day and time data as input, and as output provide an indication as to whether there may be a parking violation associated with the provided location, day, and time. These rules may be stored in a parking rules and abbreviations data sets for non-commercial vehicles  111  and commercial vehicles  116 , where various parking related abbreviations and jargon particular to certain sources are utilized. The non-commercial vehicle data set  108  and the commercial vehicle data set  113  may be retrieved to generate the corresponding notification to the user. The parking rules and abbreviations data set for non-commercial vehicles  111  and commercial vehicles  116  may be retrieved to help standardize parking violation related data. A violation codes data set  119  may store violation codes and violation statutory codes used by law enforcement/authorities and their corresponding definitions. 
     The database  102  may also include weather-related data to connect with locations containing violation data. Historical weather data  120  may connect to historical citation data to find existing information about the correlation between a certain weather occurrences and parking violations. For example, during snow emergencies, designated legal parking locations may be illegal due to emergency services necessary to remove snow, etc. Historical weather data  120  may connect with non-commercial vehicle historical parking violation citation data  109  and commercial vehicle historical parking violation citation data  114  to obtain correlation information, which may be used with real-time weather data  121  to determine if a notification is to be sent to a user whose current location indicates that the user may be subject to weather-related parking advisories. Additionally, all data and information related to the user engagement panel is stored within user-engagement panel related data  122  comprising redesign of parking signage data as well as other parking signage related data  123  which may include translations or redesigns of the signage, data regarding the parking violation related data contributed  124  by a user which was not in database  102 , suggestions on avoiding parking violation citations  125 , advice on disputing a parking violations citation  126 , as well as rating data regarding all the data submitted to the panel  127  that relates to all data or information and the ratings they have received within the user engagement panel data  122 . Other data  128  relevant to providing an effective notification such as geographic data may also be input into the database  102 . 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram illustrating an approach for alerting a driver in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure. The central computing system  100  may determine when the driver of vehicle  105  shows parking intent through identifying the vehicle&#39;s speed and location. Then the central computing system  100  may provide the driver with a notification of potential parking violations when the vehicle  105  is within the predetermined radius R  203  of a location, where the parking violation association has been made for geolocation  202  with previous parking violation related data and parking rules stored in the database  102 . As depicted, the vehicle  105  may be traveling on a particular street  201 . When the central computing system  100  detects parking intent by identifying the current speed and location of the vehicle  105 , then central computing system  100  may determine from the parking violation related data and parking rules data stored in the database  102  if that location is associated with parking violations for the present time and day and the user type that the user belongs to. If it is so associated, any intent to park within this predetermined radius  203  may thereby generate a notification to the driver of the vehicle  105  from the computing system  100 . 
       FIG. 3A  is a schematic diagram illustrating a user&#39;s interaction with the central computing system using a mobile device when a user reports a parking ticket in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure. For the purposes of this illustration, the computing device  106  is depicted as a mobile device  301  such as a smartphone; however, it is to be understood that the computing device  106  is not so limited, and it may be a vehicle integrated information/entertainment unit or any other computer device or communications module. 
     When a user is issued a citation  302  for a parking violation, the user may use the mobile device  301  such as a smartphone to take a picture of the citation  302 . As the citation  302  may include sensitive information such as the vehicle identification number (VIN) and other personal data, such as name, residential address, etc., the sensitive information may be redacted  303  either automatically by the mobile device  301  or manually by the user. Alternatively, the user may input the citation  302  information manually into the mobile device  301 , for example, by selecting from various drop-down menus and/or by entering it, and other information into free text fields. The user may also use the mobile device  301  to choose type of vehicle or type of vehicle plate, provide a photograph, a video and/or an audio message, which may be particularly useful when the user is driving. As described above, the drivers may receive a notification when parking. 
       FIG. 3B  is a flowchart illustrating how the parking ticket information reported from the user is recognized, processed, and uploaded to the system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure. A user may provide parking citation information to the user engagement panel S 304  including but not limited to accurate location according to GPS, time of receiving violation citation, reason for receiving violation citation, type of vehicle and type of vehicle plate, and any other additional relevant information, etc. Parking citation information may be input manually by the user, or the system may perform optical character recognition (OCR) S 305  to obtain the information. Where input is manual, the user may input data of received parking violation citation by selecting available options S 306 . Once all options are selected and other related information has been filled in, the data may be processed S 309  within the system through cleaning, formatting, and de-duplicating, etc. When complete, it may be uploaded to the database S 310 . 
     Where input is by OCR, a user may upload a parking violation citation photograph S 307 , which may be converted to textual data S 308  in accordance with OCR techniques by an image processor to be processed S 309  by cleaning, formatting, and de-duplicating, etc. the data. Once the data is fully processed, it may be uploaded to database S 310 . For example, there may be a type of violation that states “Taxi parked in an area only for commercial trucks for loading/unloading goods.” The system may recognize the ticket and upload the data to the database with indicators that mark the ticket as a ticket only issued to non-truck vehicles. 
       FIG. 4A  is a diagram illustrating a user-interface engagement panel (Ticket Sharing &amp; Q/A/C) based on a specific location in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure. When a user accesses the user engagement panel within the system of the mobile application, the user may have several panels within the user engagement panel to choose from, such as Tickets Sharing  41  and Questions, Answers and Comments  44 . A user may rate or report within the user engagement panel, comment, view reasons, location of the violation, ticket penalty amounts, the number of tickets previously issued for the location  42 . A user may also add their own comment  43  to the user engagement panel post while also submitting pictures, videos, voice recordings, etc. A user may also choose and submit questions  45 , answers  46 , and comments in the Questions, Answers and Comments  44  panel. 
       FIG. 4B  is a diagram illustrating a user-interface engagement panel (Signs &amp; Other) based on a specific location in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure. When a user accesses the user engagement panel within the system of the mobile application, the user may have several panels within user engagement panel to choose from, such as Signs  47  and Other  49  not included in the above, if any. The Signs panel  47  allows a user to view the content present on parking signage  48  reported by a user and comment from other users regarding their interpretations of the signs. All comments or answers within the user engagement panel are subject to ratings. The comments or answers with the most positive ratings may be displayed at the top of the list. All comments and answers may be reported by one or more users and the administrator can hire employees experienced in traffic laws to help users resolve their concerns and provide professional answers. The user engagement panel may include Other  49  panel as determined by the administrator of the system. Alternatively, the user may interact with any of the screens on the user engagement panel shown in  FIGS. 4A &amp; 4B  using voice commands by speaking the option he/she would like. For example, when a user chooses to report a parking citation, he/she may speak the phrase “Share Tickets” or “Ticket Sharing” to bring up the Tickets Sharing screen  41  on the user engagement panel. From there, the user may speak “Report” to engage the appropriate prompt so as to further input the reasons, location, price, any relevant photos, etc. Once all the relevant information is input, the user may speak or say “Submit” to send the information to computer system  100  or may speak or say “Back” if the user wants to change screens. Similarly, the user may use voice commands to interact with screens for other function, such as the Questions, Answers and Comments screen  44 , the Signs screen  47 , or the Other screen  49 . 
       FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating an approach for processing parking violation related data based on historical parking violation related data and real-time parking violation related data in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure. As discussed above, information relating to parking violations may come from at least two sources: historical parking violation related data set for non-commercial vehicles  109  and commercial vehicles  114  and real-time parking violation related data set for non-commercial vehicles  110  and commercial vehicles  115 . The first determination that must be made is whether there is public data available S 501 . If so, sources may be accessed S 502 . These sources may be government or other media sources; any source that makes parking violation related data publicly accessible may be accessed. This access may be automatic and periodic. Once access has been established, violations data may be requested from websites and additional sources S 503 , and the requested data may then be received from the websites and additional sources  504 . As this data may be in a form that is dictated by the particular source, the received violations data may be parsed for key fields S 506 , and the key fields are disambiguated S 507 . 
     As described above, parking violation related data may originate from private data. Thus, if there is no data publicly available from a public agency or posted in a location accessible publicly such as a published website, then indicia of a violation may be received from a user S 508 . The indicia informs the system that the user has received a citation for a parking violation, and thus the process for collecting citation data may begin. During this process, the system may request the pertinent citation data from the user, as described above, as well as suggestions on how to avoid a citation S 509 . Next, it is determined if a photograph or scan of the citation is received S 510 . If this photograph or scan is received, optical character recognition (OCR) may be performed on the photograph image, which may have been redacted S 505 . Once OCR has been performed, the OCR text may be parsed for key fields S 506 . After the parsing of either the OCR data or the municipal data, key fields may be disambiguated S 507 . It may be understood that in writing the citations, the same location may be described in many different ways. For example, the parking space may be referred to by the address that it is in front of, or, in some cases, across from. This address may also be provided in many different ways. For example, a single street may be written as “sixth ave,” “6th ave,” “Avenue of the Americas,” etc. Disambiguation therefore converts all data into a single format, for example, a location may be converted into latitude/longitude coordinates so that there is no ambiguity. Disambiguation may also be used to standardize violation names, for example, with reference to the abbreviations. 
     However, where the user does not provide a photograph or scanned image of the citation, the user may be prompted to fill in the key fields with pertinent data S 511 , for example, in an unambiguous way such as by selecting from various options or manually typing into free-text fields; disambiguation might not be necessary in this case. In either event, all the collected data may have duplicate violations removed S 512 , cleaned and formatted S 513 , with locations geocoded S 514  to ensure that the same instance of a citation is not counted twice. This may be done, for example, with reference to a citation number that is specific to the issuing agency. Once the data is cleaned and formatted, it may be added to the violations data set in the database S 515 . If the new violation data pertains to a non-commercial vehicle, the data may be stored in non-commercial vehicle data set S 516 . If the new violation data pertains to a commercial vehicle, the data may be stored in commercial vehicle data set S 517 . Also, new violation data may be sub-grouped by type of vehicle and type of vehicle plate. Data may include time, day, and location-linked rules for commercial and non-commercial vehicles for the system to determine parking rules. 
       FIG. 6  is a flowchart illustrating a method and system to alert the user based on the data in the database in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure. The location coordinates of drivers may be transmitted to the system, for example periodically, and the system may receive this coordinate data, i.e. geolocation, as well as information about their type of vehicle and type of vehicle plate from the drivers S 601 . The driver&#39;s current speed and intended destination may be received by the system from the computing device  106  of the user S 602 . The system may then query the user on the intent to park S 603 . If yes, then the system may identify the current time (timestamp) S 605 . If no, then the system may repeat parking query based on user&#39;s preferences S 604 . The system may also continue to receive location coordinates from the driver S 601  and the vehicle&#39;s speed and intended destination S 602  to determine the user&#39;s parking intent. 
     In the event that it is determined that the driver is parking S 603 , the system may then receive the user&#39;s timestamp S 605 , corresponding to the present time. The database  102  may be queried by the system with the driver&#39;s present location and present time and other information S 606  to determine, if there is any applicable prior parking violation S 607 . Where it is determined that the database does not contain data of prior violations for that location, then the user may be issued a notification that the user may park at that location S 609 . Where it is determined that citations have occurred at the location and are applicable to the driver&#39;s user type and to the present time/day S 607 , then a notification may be issued to the user not to park S 610 . Where it is determined that citations have occurred at the location at a time or day applicable in the near future (within a period of time that one is likely to be parked for) S 607 , then an optional follow-up notification may be set by the user S 608 , so that the user may be notified by the system with a notification S 610  at a later time to remind the user of the need to leave the parking location prior to the time or day when parking violations are known to have occurred. The central computing system  100  may obtain ratings from the user S 611 , as to whether the notification he or she received is accurate. 
       FIG. 7  is a schematic diagram illustrating the composition of a computing device for reporting parking violations and receiving a notification with parking violation related data in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure. The computing device  106  may be in communication with all its components, tangible or intangible, and may incorporate internal devices  700  and external devices  709 . The computing device  106  may be a device such as a mobile device or in-vehicle navigation system, and it may utilize a communication means for receiving voice, text, and data  701  for connecting to the central computing system  100  such as over the Internet or other cellular/wireless connections  103 . The computing device  106  may include location determining apparatus or GPS receiver  702  for identification of a present location. An application processor  703  may be used for executing software on the computing device. The computing device may also contain storage such as random-access memory (RAM) or flash storage  704 . Input/output devices  705  may be used to connect the computing device to other system implements, especially depending on the available functionalities of a computing device. For example, an in-vehicle navigation system might not have a camera, while a mobile device may have a camera built in. In this instance, a camera may be included as an input for the in-vehicle navigation system. Other I/O devices may include a, a microphone, and/or a speaker. The computing device may also include a display apparatus  706 , which may receive and display a notification or other data to a user received from the central computing system  100 . The display apparatus  706  may, for example, be an electronic touchscreen display. The computing device may also communicate with an internal clock mechanism  707  to determine the present time. An accelerometer or a speedometer  708  may also be in communication with the mobile device, which may measure speed, acceleration, or directional changes. External devices  709  may connect to the computing device as well, through a wired or wireless connection. These external devices may be any device that may compensate for certain missing functionalities of any certain computing device, whether it may be a mobile device such as a tablet or smartphone or an in-vehicle navigation system or other computing device, etc. 
       FIG. 8  shows the physical composition of a remote operative server  101  that may implement a method and system of the inventive disclosure in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. The system and method of the present disclosure may be implemented in the form of a software application running through connectivity means of a central computing system, for example, a mainframe, personal computer (PC), handheld computer, server, etc. The software application may be stored on a recording media locally accessible by the central computing system and accessible via a hardwired or wireless connection to a network, for example, a local area network, or the internet. 
     The operative server  101  referred to generally as server that may include, for example, a central processing unit (CPU)  801 , a memory unit  804 , a printer interface  810 , display units  811 , a local area network (LAN) data transmission controller  805 , a LAN interface  806 , a network controller  803  connected to a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), an internal bus  802 , and one or more input devices  809 , for example, a keyboard, mouse etc. As shown, the system may be connected to a data storage device, for example, a hard disk  808  via a link  807 . 
       FIG. 9  is a schematic diagram illustrating a system and method for a computing device to connect with the system&#39;s database  102  through the central computing system  100  and receive a notification corresponding to commercial vehicles in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure. A combination of data in the database for generating a notification for commercial vehicles  901  may include the commercial vehicle data set  113 , user-information data set  118 , violation code data set  119 , and other relevant data  128 . The computing device  106  connects to central computing system  100 , which, in turn, connects to the combination of data in the database for generating a notification for commercial vehicles  901 , is configured to integrate with an interactive electronic map API  902 , such as Google Maps© API, as well as receive and display a notification relating to the user type of the user. The notification may be specific for a commercial vehicle, where the notification is specifically relevant in its information. The information contained within a notification  903  may be based on specific data from the combination of data for commercial vehicles  901 , as the notification may be selectively issued based on the user&#39;s user type, further based on type of vehicle and type of vehicle place. This notification may be delivered in two ways: visually  904  and/or by voice  905 . 
     In one embodiment, remote computing device  106  may be a device which allows a user to interact with computing system  100  by providing an interactive voice response (IVR) device where the user can input data or make selections via voice commands. The user may speak into computing device  106  to provide input, make changes, or otherwise interact with all of the functions of the system. For example, a user may say “Please turn off notifications” to stop the system from sending notification that have become too numerous. Functionalities within the system of the mobile application may integrate with third party APIs to provide voice-to-text capabilities. The users who utilize the voice-to-text function may record their voice by speaking into the microphone of computing device  106 , so that the system may change any voice command or input to a text equivalent within the mobile application. Accordingly, the users may not necessarily have to enter information manually and may submit information to the system by simply speaking. All functions of the mobile application, such as notifications and the user engagement panel may be available in different languages that can be changed by the user. The system may use a third-party service and/or API, or the system administrator may hire professionals to translate the content to different languages or provide explanations in plain English. There may be other functionalities that allow the application to integrate with other APIs to provide voice-to-text capabilities. The users who utilize this function may record their voice by speaking into computing device  106 , which the system may change to a text equivalent within the application. Accordingly, the users may not necessarily have to manually input information and may enter information orally. Both written and oral notifications may be available in a variety of languages and may be changed in the user preferences. The users may also provide translations that are subject to ratings, in exchange for rewards. 
       FIG. 10  is a schematic diagram illustrating a system and method for a computing device to connect with the system&#39;s database  102  through the central computing system  100  and receive a notification corresponding to non-commercial vehicles in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure. A combination of data in the database for generating a notification for non-commercial vehicles  1000  may include the non-commercial vehicle data set  108 , user-information data set  118 , violation code data set  119 , and other relevant data  128 , which may be used to generate a notification for a non-commercial vehicle through the central computing system  100 . The computing device  106  connects to central computing system  100 , which, in turn, connects to the combination of data in the database for generating a notification for non-commercial vehicles  1000 . The computing device  106  may be configured to integrate with an interactive electronic map API  902 , such as Google Maps© API, as well as being configured to receive and display a notification. The information contained within a notification  1001  may be based on specific data from the database for non-commercial vehicles  1000 , as the notification may be selectively issued based on the user&#39;s user type, and further based on the type of vehicle and type of vehicle plate. This notification  1001  may be delivered in two ways: visually  904  and/or by voice  905 . 
       FIG. 11  is a schematic diagram illustrating a system for using the database to alert drivers of parking violation occurrences through a computing device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure. The computing device  106  may communicate with a network of communications base stations  104  and may interact with the central computing system  100  via the Internet or other wireless connections  103 . The operative server  101  may be instantiated as one or more server computers and/or virtual machines that may work together with the communicative means of the central computing system  100  to collect the parking violation related data from a plurality of sources, to determine when drivers warrant a notification, and to provide the drivers with the notification. The operative server  101  may accomplish this by accessing parking violation related data from data sets in the database  102 . The central computing system  100  may periodically query the data sets in the database  102 . Alternatively, the central computing system  100  may access parking violation related data in the database  102  using specific APIs, by subscription, or by being pushed this data as it is made available. The computing device  106  may be installed in the vehicle  105  or may be a mobile device of a user. The computing device  106  may connect with its internal devices  700  and external devices  709  in communication with it in order to communicate with the central computing system  100  to relay data such as time, date, location etc., receive a notification, process, and display that notification to the user. The central computing system  100  may generate the notification for a non-commercial vehicle user and a commercial vehicle user separately. 
       FIG. 12  is a flowchart illustrating the process of rating parking violation related data or a notification submitted to the user engagement panel in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure, and how those ratings of the data affect the data within the database  102 . The first step in this process is the user submitting parking violation related data to the user engagement panel S 1200 . This parking violation related data may include a parking signage redesign regarding translation into a different language or clarification of content, suggestion on how to avoid a parking violation citation, etc. That information is then rated by other users, depending on its accuracy S 1201 . The system collects and uses user ratings (positive and negative) to sort the contributed parking violation related data S 1202 . If any user rates the submitted parking violation related data negatively as to it accuracy, that user has an option to provide proof of why that parking violation related data may be wrong S 1203 . Ratings may be collected by the system until it is determined that positive ratings have reached a predetermined number S 1204 . If the number of ratings has not reached the predetermined number, the system may continue to collect ratings from other users S 1201 . If the number of positive ratings has reached a predetermined number, then the contributed parking violation related data may be used to correct, update, and supplement the database accordingly S 1205 . Thus, correcting, updating, and supplementing the database may be from positive or negative ratings. Positive ratings may be used to replace or reinforce the data in the database, and negative ratings may be used to identify or invalidate inaccurate data. Once in the database, that contributed parking violation related data may be incorporated into a relevant notification regarding that parking violation related data S 1206 . For example, if the parking violation related data submitted to the user engagement panel was suggestion on how to avoid receiving a parking violation citation at a particular location, that suggestion or its data may be included within the notification that is relevant to that location and/or time and that is subsequently generated and issued S 1207  to an applicable user. 
       FIG. 13  is a flowchart illustrating a circular process of rating a notification to correct, update, and supplement parking violation related data within the database  102  in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure. Once a user&#39;s parking intent is identified, the system may use parking violation related data contained within the database  102 , to generate and issue a notification that warns a user about a potential parking violation, S 1207 . This notification may be in part based on the parking violation related data from an informational source, or it may be in part based on parking violation related data from a submission to the user engagement panel which received enough ratings to be incorporated into a notification. In any case, this information allows the user to park knowing the parking rules that apply to the current parking location. After having received a notification, the user can rate the notification and may judge or comment on whether the notification was accurate S 1301 . If the user rates the notification positively, e.g., that the notification was accurate, the system may record the user&#39;s positive rating S 1302 . Accordingly, accurate data that leads to an accurate notification may be reinforced and otherwise kept in place. If the user rates the notification negatively, e.g., that the notification was inaccurate, the user may then provide proof of why the notification was inaccurate S 1303 ; a negative rating may be given to a notification when, for example, the parking prohibitions in effect for a particular location are in fact different from those cited in the notification, such as incorrect timing or day of the week information. In the case where the notification does not accurately reflect the parking rules, a user would submit a picture of the parking sign or another type of evidence as proof of that notification&#39;s inaccuracy in that situation. The system then records that user&#39;s negative rating S 1302 . The ratings are recorded and collected until a certain type of rating, in this case, positive or negative ratings, reaches a predetermined number S 1304 . If the number of positive ratings reaches a predetermined number, then a monetary or non-monetary reward may be implemented to the relevant user S 1305 , who first submitted parking violation related data contained within the rated notification. Since the negative rating is supported by proof, negative ratings, once they reach a predetermined number, can be used to correct, update, and supplement S 1306  the existing parking violation related data within the database  102 . For instance, some inaccurate data may be removed from the database and from the corresponding notification. This corrected, updated, and supplemented data in the database is then used to provide a user with new and more accurate notifications. This is a cycle, as the new notification, which is based on the database, corrected, updated, and supplemented by ratings of parking violation related data submitted to the user engagement panel, is likewise subject to ratings when parking intent is identified and a notification for a location is issued S 1207 . 
       FIG. 14  is a diagram illustrating a system for inferring a potential parking prohibition based on location in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure. In this exemplary depiction, a user  1401  of a non-commercial vehicle user type is shown. The user  1401  intends to park in a location  1402  which is likely to result in violation of a parking prohibition as determined by the system. Shown in the figure is the street  1403  that the user  1401  intends to park on. The user&#39;s intended parking location  1402  falls between the two other parking locations  1404  and  1405 . Location  1404  is wholly occupied by a commercial vehicle  1406 ; however, the occupancy of a parking location  1404  does not affect the system&#39;s ability to infer a potential parking prohibition for the user&#39;s intended parking location  1402 . In this example, the database has a record of at least one parking violation citation issued at location  1404  to a user of a non-commercial vehicle for parking in the commercial-vehicle only zone. The database also has a record of at least one parking violation citation issued in location  1405 , likewise to another user of a non-commercial vehicle for parking in a commercial-vehicle only zone. The system, however, does not bear any parking violation related data for location  1402 . Nevertheless, the system may be able to infer, based on existing violations at locations  1404  and  1405 , that the user  1401  is likely to receive a parking violation citation for parking in location  1402 . 
       FIG. 15  is a diagram illustrating a user&#39;s computing device and a notification that a user may receive regarding a potential parking prohibition based on location in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure. Once the system identifies the user&#39;s parking intent, as depicted in  FIG. 14 , the system prompts the user to confirm his or her parking intent on the user&#39;s computing device  1501  by clicking either “yes” or “no”  1502 . When the user is parking and has clicked “yes,” the system may be prompted to display a notification to the user regarding parking any parking prohibition  1503  based on the user&#39;s current geolocation  1504 . Although these dialog windows are not illustrated as being displayed within the user&#39;s computing device  1501 , it is to be understood that this showing is merely for the purposes of providing a clear illustration, and it is to be understood that these dialog windows would be displayed within the user&#39;s computing device  1501 . 
     In this figure, the user&#39;s current geolocation is 810 W 181st Street. The notification may include a summary of relevant information, such as what parking rule or regulation applies to the user&#39;s intended parking location at the particular time, which in this case is a prohibition regarding non-commercial vehicles parking in a commercial-vehicle only zone  1505 . Also displayed is a comparison of the collected ratings  1506  for this notification. In this example, the user&#39;s notification has been proven to be accurate by a 100 percent of users&#39; ratings, and inaccurate by 0 percent. If the user would like to know the reasoning behind this notification, the user may click “See Details”  1507  to see details relating to why the system has generated this notification. Then, the system may reference any relevant citations issued  1508 . In this case, there are two relevant citations,  1509  and  1510 , both of which were issued on the relevant day of the week at the relevant time at 808 W 181st Street and 812 W 181st Street, respectively; both citations were issued to non-commercial vehicle users for parking in a commercial-vehicle only zone  1511 . The user can then rate this notification and its related information regarding its accuracy  1513  by clicking on a “Rate” button  1512  that brings up the rating panel on the user&#39;s computing device  1514 . This way the user may give a positive rating of “Yes” or a negative rating of “No” to the notification. By giving the negative rating, the system may prompt the user to submit proof of inaccuracy  1515 . In this prompt, the system may ask the user to submit or type in the reasons as to why the notification was inaccurate  1516  and submit a picture of the signage in question or a parking violation citation  1517 . It is to be understood that the street address used in the above example is not intended to be a reflection of actual data points, nor is it intended to reflect actual parking prohibitions or parking situations; it is intended to be used for illustrative purposes. 
     Alternatively, the user may interact with any of the screens on computing device  1501  using voice commands by speaking the option he/she would like. For example, when a user chooses to park, he/she may say or speak “Yes” or “No” when prompted. From there, the system may verbally announce or notify the user of the status of parking at or around the user&#39;s location (i.e., by audibly announcing “Your Location: 810 West 181 st  Street, Commercial Vehicle Only Zone, 100% Accuracy Rating”). The system may then prompt the user audibly to determine if he/she would like to further “Rate” the information, or if he/she would like to “See Details.” If the user verbally opts to see more details by speaking or saying “See Details” or “More Information”, the system may display the details and audibly announce them (e.g., by stating “Citations issued: 808 west 181 st  street, commercial vehicle only, Wednesday 2:30 pm, and 812 west 181 st  street, commercial vehicle only, Wednesday 2:40 pm). Such an interactive voice response system enables the user to more quickly and safely interact with user engagement panel on computing device  106  to retrieve the appropriate information regarding avoidance of parking violations. 
       FIG. 16  is a diagram illustrating a system for inferring a parking prohibition based on time for a user  1601  in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure. Shown in the figure is the user&#39;s intended parking location  1602 . Once parking intent of the user  1601  is identified, the system may automatically display parking signage corresponding to location  1602  on the user&#39;s computing device, as the user cannot see a sign  1603  located further down the same street, which shows that parking is prohibited on Tuesdays between 9:30 AM and 10 AM due to street sweeping. The system may also alert the user of any potential parking prohibition based on inference drawn from the times when parking violation citations were issued at location  1602  and parking rules or regulations applicable to that user&#39;s user type. In this example, the database contains several parking violation citations  1604 ,  1605 , and  1606 , issued at location  1602  issued for parking during street sweeping hours, as identified by the parking sign  1603 . 
       FIG. 17  is a diagram illustrating a notification  1701  that a user may receive regarding a potential parking prohibition based on time in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure. Thus, based on the user&#39;s intended parking location and the parking violation related data associated with the user&#39;s geolocation  1702 , 130-30 31st Avenue, and current time and day, Tuesday, 9:41 AM, the system might issue a notification to advise the user against parking in location  1702  because, according to the data in the database, no parking is permitted between 9:30 AM and 10 AM due to street sweeping  1703 . If the user is curious about the details of this notification, the “See Details” button is available to click  1704 . When the user clicks on the button, the user is taken to a panel that displays the relevant category of citations issued at location  1702 . In this case, the category of applicable citations is street cleaning  1705 , which is also the reason for these citations&#39; issuance. Also displayed are the relevant times of when those citations were issued  1706 ; since the database contains a record of parking citations issued at 9:31 AM, 9:51 AM and 9:54 AM, and the current time is 9:41 AM, the system may infer that the user may potentially receive a parking violation citation by parking at location  1702  at this current time, 9:41 AM. 
     An exemplary embodiment of the inventive disclosure described herein is illustrative, and many variations can be introduced without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. For example, elements and/or features may be combined with each other and/or substituted for each other within the scope of this disclosure and appended claims. Furthermore, any element described herein in the singular is not intended to limit that element only to the singular. For example, “a user” or “the user” is not intended to mean one and only one user; it is intended to encompass one or more users. The same is true with any other element herein unless specifically indicated otherwise. In addition, the term “exemplary” herein is used to describe an element as an example of the inventive disclosure, not to describe an element as a preferred embodiment of the present invention.