Patent Publication Number: US-11035224-B2

Title: Data systems, devices, and methods

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a national phase under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of PCT International Application No. PCT/GB2016/053126 which has an International filing date of Oct. 7, 2016, which claims priority to Intellectual Property of Office of the United Kingdom Application No. 1517729.8, filed Oct. 7, 2015, the entire contents of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Some described examples relate to data systems, devices and methods for use with well infrastructure. For example, such well infrastructure may include oil and gas well structures, pipeline structures, and the like. In particular, there are described data systems, etc., for using data associated with monitored conditions at such well infrastructure. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Significant innovation and development has occurred in recent years in relation to monitoring oil and gas wells, pipelines, and other such well infrastructures. However, while such infrastructure can be located at sites that are fairly easy to access, in other cases that infrastructure may be located at sites that are remote, and sometimes located in hostile environments. In some case, complete infrastructure associated with a particular formation or asset may be spread out across both these types of locations. As the capability of measurement systems and devices increases, there is a need to obtain securely and to process data collected by such systems and devices. Also, the ability to comprehend large volumes of data quickly and accurately can be vital when making safe and effective decisions on the management and control of an asset. 
     This background serves only to set a scene to allow a skilled reader to better appreciate the following description. Therefore, none of the above discussion should necessarily be taken as an acknowledgement that that discussion is part of the state of the art or is common general knowledge. 
     SUMMARY 
     In some examples, there are described data systems, devices and methods for use with well infrastructures (e.g. well and/or pipeline structures), and in particular for using data, for example storing, processing or otherwise analysing, and/or accessing data, associated with monitored conditions at such well infrastructures. 
     In one example, there is described a data system. That data system may comprise a data-storage facility (e.g. a database), which may be used to store data, for example data records, associated with one or more particular well infrastructures. 
     That well infrastructure may comprise a well structure, and/or pipeline structure, or the like. In other words, each data record may correspond to a particular well, and/or pipeline, or general location (e.g. comprising different infrastructure components). Each data record may comprise multiple fields against which particular data associated with conditions (e.g. monitored condition) at the well or pipeline may be stored. Such conditions may include properties of a well, or pipeline, or the like, which may be measured properties. For example, such properties may include temperature, pressure, vibration or acoustics, (distributed and/or point), or other specific conditions such as flow conditions (e.g. flow rates, flow composition, etc.), or formation conditions (e.g. formation pressure, permeability, rocktypes, etc.). Such conditions or properties may also include specifics regarding the well or pipeline, such as length, depth, position, configuration of well control devices, such as inflow control devices, present, past, and/or future (e.g. expected) configuration of such control devices at the well infrastructure, or the like. 
     The system may comprise one or more remote sensor devices, which may be used to monitor conditions at the particular well infrastructure. Such devices may be configured to collect “condition data” corresponding to the conditions at the well and/or pipeline. 
     In some examples, the remote sensor devices may comprise one or more distributed sensors, which may be configured to measure distributed conditions along some or all of the length of a well or pipeline structure. Examples of distributed sensors include distributed temperature sensors (DTS), distributed pressure sensors (DPS), distributed acoustic sensors (DAS), e.g. which can be used to measure vibration, or the like, each of which typically use optical fibres to obtain data usable to measure or determine conditions over a particular length of the sensor. The remote sensor devices may additionally or alternatively comprise point sensors configured to obtain data usable to measure conditions at one or more specific locations at a well or pipeline structure. Condition data may therefore comprise temperature data, pressure data, and/or acoustic data, as well as other data, whether that be distributed or point. 
     In some examples, the condition data may directly provide temperature data, pressure data, flow data, composition data, or the like. In other words, condition data collected from a well infrastructure may be stored for communication as temperature, pressure values, or the like. In other examples, the condition data may be usable, for example analysed as may be the case with distributed data, to provide subsequently specific temperature data, pressure data, flow data, composition data, or the like. In other similar words, the condition data may comprise “raw” data from the sensor devices for subsequent processing/analysis, and/or may comprise “processed” data from the sensor devices. 
     The system may additionally comprise a server (e.g. a network-enabled server). The server may be in communication with the data-storage facility. The server may be configured to receive from time to time condition data from the one or more remote sensor devices (e.g. receive via a network). In such examples, the server may be configured to communicate that received condition data to the data-storage facility for storing, for example, at an appropriate data record. 
     In some examples, the data system, for example the server, may be configured to perform a validation process on condition data received from one or more sensors. Such a validation process may be performed on condition data before communicating received condition data to the data-storage facility for storing. In other examples, the validation process may be performed at the data-storage facility after storage (e.g. in a batch process). 
     Responsive to the validation process, the system (e.g. server) may be configured to discard received condition data. In other similar words, the system may not store invalid condition data. Responsive to the validation process, the system may be configured to set an alert status in relation to that condition data. The alert status may be stored together with the condition data. The alert status and condition data may be communicated from the server to the data-storage facility for storing. 
     The system—or indeed if appropriate the server—may be configured (additionally or alternatively) to communicate the alert status to a remote user, via the network, responsive to the validation process. 
     The validation process may comprise comparing received condition data with one or more expected thresholds for that condition data (e.g. for that condition data of a particular well infrastructure associated with a remote sensor device). After comparing, the process may include confirming that the received condition data is invalid when the data is beyond a particular threshold. In other similar words, the process may confirm that the received condition data is invalid when an underlying parameter or parameters measured lies outside a defined range. For example, where the condition data comprises data regarding temperature, then the thresholds may be predefined temperature values (e.g. thresholds of 0° C. and 200° C.). 
     The validation process may comprise identifying the source of received condition data. The process may additionally comprise confirming that the condition data is valid when received condition data is from an expected source. In some examples, the source of the data may be identified, or indeed confirmed, by using metadata associated with received condition data (e.g. source IP address, MAC address, or the like). 
     The condition data may be encrypted for transmission, and subsequently decrypted at the server. The server may comprise public keys for the of each sensor device, for decryption of communicated condition data. 
     The system, and for example the network-enabled server, may be configured to receive condition data periodically from the one or more sensor devices (e.g. hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, etc.). In some examples, the system may be configured to receive condition data automatically from one or more sensor devices. 
     The network-enabled server may additionally or alternatively be configured to receive condition data after receipt of a user request. That user request may be received at the server, via a network. In other similar words, a user may initiate the receipt (e.g. initiate a request and receipt) of condition data from the one or more sensor devices. 
     In some examples, the system may be configured to process data to mitigate or removed errors and/or noise in the data. The system may be configured to store data in a manner that minimised data storage requirements. 
     For example, the system may be configured to overwrite condition data received from one time interval with data from another time interval, when stored at the data-storage facility. The system may be configured to average some or all condition data received for a particular well infrastructure measurement. Or in other similar words, the condition data stored at a particular data record may be averaged across two or more time intervals. For example, daily data (e.g. relating to temperature) may be averaged across a seven days to provide average daily condition data for a particular week. The system may be configured to average condition data received for a defined period, such as a day, week, or month. 
     The system, and for example the server, may further be configured to facilitate remote user access to the data records comprising condition data stored at the data-storage facility (e.g. via a network). In some examples, the system may be configured to facilitate remote user access and storage (e.g. upload) of additional record data, for example via the network, to the data records comprising condition data stored at the data-storage facility. In other similar words, the system may be configured to permit a user to upload additional data to the data-storage facility, and for that additional data to be associated and stored in a particular existing record. 
     In some examples, the network-enabled server may be configured, upon request from a third party, to communicate some or all of a particular data record to that third party, for example via the network. In such cases, the system—for example the server—may be configured to modify data in a requested record, based on the request from the third party (e.g. modified for ease of use/presentation at a third party). 
     The system may be further configured to restrict remote user access (e.g. based on the user privileges), via the network. Such restrictions may restrict the extent that a user can access condition data, modify data, access data records, etc. 
     In some further examples, the system may comprise one or more control devices, for example positioned at well infrastructures. The control devices may be downhole, subsea (e.g. at seabed), at surface, or the like. The control devices may be configured to modify conditions at the well infrastructure. Such control devices may be controllable so as to modify conditions by, for example, isolating or modifying production zones, changing flow rates, drawdown or injection pressures, or changing flow regimes, or the like, as will be understood (e.g. changing production and/or injection conditions). Exemplary control devices may include chokes, such as production chokes, injection chokes, safety valves, such as subsurface safety valves, or the like, zonal and/or lateral isolation apparatus, such as inflow control devices, or the like. 
     The one or more control devices may be in communication with the server (e.g. in a similar manner to the remote sensor devices). The one or more control devices may be in communication with the server using the same network connection (e.g. when using a Virtual Private Network). The server may be configured to monitor the control devices (e.g. monitor operating configurations). The server may be configured to communicate control data with the control devices in order to control, or at least modify, their operating configurations. 
     In some examples, the data system, for example the server, may be configured to perform a “decision process”. In such examples, the system (e.g. server) may perform analysis of data in order to provide, as an outcome, recommendations for operation at the well infrastructure. The data used in a decision process may include condition data, but also may include further data, including weather data, commodity data, or the like. 
     For example, such a decision process may be performed subsequent to receiving condition data from one or more remote sensor sensors. Such a decision process may be performed before communicating received condition data to the data-storage facility for storing. In other examples, the decision process may be performed at the data-storage facility after storage (e.g. in a batch process). 
     Such a decision process may use received condition data and/or condition data stored at a particular data record, so as to determine one or more recommended/desired modifications to conditions at that well infrastructure. For example, based on particular observed conditions at a well infrastructure, the system may be configured to determine changes that may be made to change production (e.g. isolating water ingress), improve safety (e.g. observe failure conditions, and take action), or the like. In some examples, outcome recommendations may be determined in order to optimise well production. 
     In some examples, the system may initially perform a decision process to determine one or more changes to conditions at a well infrastructure, and then communicate, to a user, one or more recommendations for change at that well infrastructure based on the outcome of the decision process. The recommendations may be communicated together with data used as the basis for the decision process (e.g. condition data, and any additional data). 
     The system may be configured to communicate control data to the control devices based on the outcome of the decision process and/or recommendations communicated to a user. The user may be able to confirm the/each recommendation (e.g. remotely confirm one or more recommendations). 
     For some examples or decision outcomes, the system may be configured to communicate control data to control devices when confirmed by a user, for example only when confirmed by a user (e.g. responsive to receiving a recommendation). In other examples or decision outcomes, the system may be configured to communicate control data to control devices without having been confirmed by a user. 
     The system may be configurable, by a user, to determine in which particular circumstances to require user confirmation prior to issuing a control data communication. In other similar words, the system may be configurable to have “rules” for performing certain decision actions with or without user confirmation, and in some cases, those rules may be providable or changeable by a user (e.g. remotely configurable). 
     In some examples, the system may be configured to perform a “confirmation process” subsequent to communicating control data to a control device. In such examples, the system (e.g. server) may perform analysis of condition data subsequent to communicating control data. For example, the system may be configured to use/compare present condition data with previous condition data (e.g. compare an expected outcome of a change in condition at a well infrastructure with the actual outcome of a change in condition at a well). The system may be configured to store the outcome of a confirmation process (e.g. at the data store), and associate a weighting factor with the associated decision process based on a comparison between the expected and actual change in conditions (e.g. the closer the actual/expected conditions, the greater the weighting factor). 
     For subsequent decision processes (e.g. and user recommendations), a user may be informed of a weighting factor, or the like, associated with a particular decision outcome (e.g. to guide the user as to likelihood of actual conditions being modified). The weighting factor may be considered to be a confidence factor, or the like. 
     In some examples, the weighting factor may be averaged across multiple same or similar decision outcomes, whether at the same well infrastructure or indeed further well infrastructures. 
     In some examples, there is described a data system, comprising:
         a data-storage facility having stored data records associated with particular well infrastructures, for examples, well and/or pipeline structures;   one or more remote sensor devices configured to monitor conditions at particular well infrastructures, and to collect condition data corresponding to those conditions;   a network-enabled server, in communication with the data-storage facility and configured to receive from time to time, via a network, collected condition data from the one or more remote sensor devices, the server configured to communicate that received condition data to the data-storage facility for storing in appropriate data records, and   the system further being configured to facilitate user access, for example remote user access via the network, to the data records comprising condition data stored at the data-storage facility.       

     In some examples, there is described a data system, comprising:
         a data-storage facility having stored data records associated with well infrastructure;   a network-enable server, in communication with the data-storage facility and configured to receive from time to time, via a network, data associated with particular well infrastructure, the server configured to communicate that received data to the data-storage facility for storing in an appropriate data record,   the system further being configured to facilitate user access (e.g. remote user access) to data records stored at the data-storage facility.       

     In some examples, there is described a data system, comprising:
         one or more remote sensor devices configured to monitor conditions at particular well infrastructure (e.g. well and pipeline structures), and to collect condition data corresponding to those conditions;   the remote sensors further being configured to communicate, from time to time, via a network, condition data to a network-enabled server, for storage at a data-storage facility in appropriate data records corresponding to the particular well infrastructure.       

     In some example, the system may be further configured to facilitate remote user access, via the network, to the remote sensors, via the network. 
     In some examples, there is described a method of data storage, and/or usage. 
     The method may comprise storing data records associated with particular well infrastructure (e.g. well and/or pipeline structures) at a data-storage facility. The method may comprise monitoring conditions of those well or pipeline structures, for example, using the one or more sensor devices. The sensors may be distributed sensors and/or point sensors. As such, the data obtained from the sensors (e.g. condition data) may be distributed data and/or point data. 
     The method may comprise receiving at a network-enabled server, from time to time, condition data derived from the one or more remote sensor devices; and communicating that received condition data to the data-storage facility for storing in appropriate data records. The method may comprise facilitating user access, for example remote via the network, to the data records comprising condition data stored at the data-storage facility. 
     The method may comprise modifying conditions at the well infrastructure, for example, using one or more control devices positioned at well infrastructures. The method may comprise modifying conditions by changing flow rates, or in flow regimes, or the like, as will be understood. 
     The method may comprise monitoring the control devices using the server. The method may comprise communicating control data from the server to the control devices in order to control their operation. 
     The method may comprise performing a “decision process”. In such examples, the method may comprise performing analysis of data in order to provide, as an outcome, recommendations for operation at the well infrastructure. The data used in a decision process may include condition data, but also may include further data, including weather data, commodity data, or the like. 
     A decision process may be performed subsequent to receiving condition data from one or more remote sensor sensors. Such a decision process may be performed before communicating received condition data to the data-storage facility for storing. In other examples, the decision process may be performed at the data-storage facility after storage (e.g. in a batch process). 
     The decision process may comprise using received condition data and/or condition data stored at a particular data record, and determining one or more desired modifications to conditions at that well infrastructure. For example, based on particular observed conditions at a well infrastructure, the method may comprise determining changes that may be made to change production (e.g. isolating water ingress), improve safety (e.g. observe failure conditions, and take action), or the like. 
     The method may comprise initially performing a decision process to determine one or more changes to conditions at a well infrastructure, and then communicating, to a user, one or more recommendations for change at that well infrastructure based on the outcome of the decision process. 
     The method may comprise communicating control data to the control devices based on the outcome of the decision process and/or recommendations communicated to a user. 
     The method may comprise communicating control data to control devices when confirmed by a user, for example only when confirmed by a user (e.g. responsive to receiving a recommendation). In other examples or outcomes, the method may comprise communicating control data to control devices without having been confirmed by a user. 
     The method may comprise determining (e.g. user determining) in which particular circumstances to require user confirmation prior to issuing a control data communication. 
     The method may comprise performing a confirmation process subsequent to communicating control data to a control device. The confirmation process may comprise comparing an expected outcome of a change in condition at a well infrastructure with the actual outcome of a change in condition at a well (e.g. based on received condition data). The method may comprise associating a weighting factor, or the like, with that performed decision or recommendation by comparing the expected and actual change in conditions (e.g. the closer the actual/expected conditions, the greater the weighting factor). 
     For subsequent decision processes (e.g. and user notifications), the method may comprise informing a user of a weighting factor associated with a particular decision outcome or recommendation (e.g. to guide the user as to likelihood of actual conditions being modified). The weighting factor may be considered to be a confidence factor, or the like. A weighting factor may be averaged across multiple same or similar decision outcomes. 
     In some examples, there is described a method comprising:
         storing data records associated with particular well infrastructure at a data-storage facility;   monitoring conditions at that particular well infrastructure, and collecting condition data corresponding to monitored conditions;   receiving at a network-enabled server, from time to time, condition data derived from the one or more remote sensor devices; and communicating that received condition data to the data-storage facility for storing in appropriate data records, and   facilitating user access, for example remote user access via the network, to the data records comprising condition data stored at the data-storage facility.       

     In some examples, there is provided a computer program product or computer file configured to at least partially (or fully) implement the systems, devices and methods as described above (e.g. the network-enabled server). 
     In some examples, there is also provided a carrier medium comprising or encoding the computer program product or computer file. In some examples, there is also provided processing apparatus when programmed with the computer program product described. Some of the above examples may implement certain functionality by use of software, but that functionality could equally be implemented mainly or solely in hardware (for example by means of one or more ASICs (application specific integrated circuit) or Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)), or indeed by a mix of hardware and software (e.g. firmware). As such, the scope of the disclosures should not be interpreted as being limited only to being implemented in software or hardware. 
     Aspects of the inventions described may include one or more examples, embodiments or features in isolation or in various combinations whether or not specifically stated (including claimed) in that combination or in isolation. It will be appreciated that one or more embodiments/examples may be useful with data storage, and use thereof, particularly when storing and using condition data associated with well or pipeline structures. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       A description is now given, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:— 
         FIG. 1  shows a simplified representation of well infrastructure: 
         FIG. 2  shows a simplified representation of a data system; 
         FIG. 3  shows a simplified representation of the well infrastructure of  FIG. 1  further comprising control devices; 
         FIG. 4  shows a simplified representation of the data system of  FIG. 2  for use with the infrastructure of  FIG. 3 ; 
         FIG. 5  shows an example of the data system of  FIG. 2 or 4  being remotely hosted; and 
         FIG. 6  shows an example of the data system of  FIG. 2 or 4  being locally hosted. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS 
     Some of the following examples have been described specifically in relation to well infrastructure relating to oil and gas production, or the like. In particular, some of the examples describe the monitoring of conditions, and storage of data from wells and pipeline structures used during production of oil and gas. However, it will be appreciated that aspects of the systems, devices and methods described herein may equally be used in other circumstances, and when other data may be collected or used. Further, the systems, devices and methods disclosed herein may be used beyond oil and gas production. 
       FIG. 1  shows a simplified representation of well infrastructure  100  provided at a particular production site  50 . Here, the infrastructure  100  comprise two subterranean well structures  110 ,  120  extending into a hydrocarbon-bearing formation  60 , together with a pipeline structure  130  for transportation of fluids from the wells  110 ,  120 . For simplicity, any additional components, such as wellheads, trees, manifolds, or the like, are not shown. Also, although the well structures  110 ,  120  have been presented as vertical, it will be appreciated that such structure may indeed be deviated, or the like. 
       FIG. 1  further shows a sensor device  150  provided at the production site  50 . Here, the sensor device  150  comprises a distributed sensor arrangement  160 , comprising optical fibres extending along both well structures  110 ,  120  as well as along the pipeline structure  130 . The distributed sensor arrangement  160  is configured to measure conditions at the well infrastructure  100 , and in particular temperature, pressure, vibration, or the like, in a known manner. Accordingly, the sensor device  150  can be configured to monitor and collect “condition data” associated with such conditions at the well infrastructure  100 . Here, knowledge of condition data may be important to the operation of the well, or equipment associated with the well, or indeed for the scheduling of subsequent work-overs, or the like. Also, knowledge of condition data may help identify early any problems or failures at the well infrastructure. 
     Therefore, while in  FIG. 1 , a distributed sensor is shown by way of an example, it will be appreciated that the remote sensor device  150  may additionally or alternatively comprise, or be in communication with, point sensors, or the like, configured to measure conditions at one or more specific locations at the well or pipeline structures  110 ,  120 ,  130 . The remote sensor  150  may be configured to obtain other condition data at the site  50 . 
     In such cases, and for the purposes of the following description, condition data obtained by the sensor device  150  may therefore comprise temperature data, pressure data, and/or acoustic data, as well as other data, whether that be distributed (e.g. traces) or point (e.g. specific values). A skilled reader will readily be able to implement the various embodiments. 
     In any event, the sensor device  150  is configured to collect condition data for subsequent data communication, as will be described. It is noted that the term “data communication”, unless otherwise stated, may encompasses any method and associated apparatus for communicating data, for example optical and electrical methods. Data communication may be wired or wireless or a combination of both. 
     Therefore, data communication may be, for example, a network communication over a wired connection or a network communication of over a radio frequency connection, or both. 
       FIG. 2  shows an example of a data system  200  for use with condition data (e.g. data obtained from sensor devices  150  of  FIG. 1 ). Here, the data system  200  comprises a data-storage facility  210 , or database. 
     The data-storage facility  210  contains data records associated with particular well infrastructures  100 , for example, the well and/or pipeline structures  110 ,  120 ,  130  of  FIG. 1 . In other words, each data record may correspond to a particular well  110 ,  120 , and/or pipeline  130 , infrastructure  100 , or site  50 . Each data record stored at the data-storage facility comprises multiple fields against which particular data associated with monitored conditions at the well or pipeline can be stored. Such conditions may include temperature, pressure, vibration or acoustics, (distributed and/or point), or other specific conditions such as flow conditions (e.g. flow rates, flow composition, etc.), or formation conditions (e.g. formation pressure, permeability, rocktypes, etc.). Such conditions may also include specifics regarding the well or pipeline, such a length, depth, position, configuration of well control devices, such as inflow control devices, or the like. As is shown in  FIG. 1 , each well  110 ,  120 , have a different length, and that data can stored in an appropriate data record. In the example shown, the data-storage facility can be initially configured using SQL database script, or the like, in a manner known. Data can also be stored in encrypted formats. 
       FIG. 2  further shows a server  220  in communication with the data-storage facility  210 . Here, the server comprises a processor  222  and memory  224 , configured in a known manner. It will be appreciated that the memory  224  may comprise a non-volatile memory and/or a volatile memory. The memory  224  may have a computer program stored therein, configured to undertake the methods disclosed herein. The computer program may be loaded in the memory  224  from a non-transitory computer readable medium, on which the computer program is stored. Here, the server  220  further comprises a communication module  226  configured to permit data communication between the server and a network  230  (e.g. the Internet), as well as to communicate with the data-storage facility  210 . 
     In some examples, the server  220  additionally comprises a user interface to permit a local user to configure or modify the data-storage facility  210 . This may also optionally permit the administration of user access to the data-storage facility  210 , as will be described. 
     The data system  200  in  FIG. 2  further comprises three remote sensor devices  150  similar to that described in relation to  FIG. 1  (e.g. provided at a particular remote production site  50 ). In these examples, each of the remote sensors devices  150  are in communication with the server  220  via the network  230  (e.g. via FTP, FTPS, SFTP, HTTP, HTTPS connection, or the like). It will be appreciated that in some cases, it may not be a remote sensor device  150 , per se, that is in communication with the server  220 , but rather some intermediary device may be used. For example, in circumstances in which the sensor devices  150  are deployed at sites beyond network connectivity, then in those cases, a transfer of condition data from the sensor device  150  to an intermediary device may be desired in order to store condition data on a network enabled device, or networked user equipment, for subsequent communication to the server  220 . In such cases, the remote sensor devices  150  may still, for the purposes of explanation, be considered to be “in communication” with the server  220 . 
     Here, the server  220  is configured to receive from time to time, via the network  230 , collected condition data from the one or more remote sensor devices  150 . Depending on the particular remote sensor, the system  200 , and for example the network-enabled server  220 , can be configured to receive condition data periodically from each of the sensor devices  150  (e.g. hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, etc.). In some cases, different condition data may be collected at different times for the same remote sensor device. 
     In this particular example, upon receipt of condition data from remote sensor devices, the server  220  is configured to perform a validation process on that data, as will be described. By performing a validation process, the likelihood of erroneous data being stored at the data-storage facility  210  is reduced. 
     During the initial validation process, the server may perform corruption checks (e.g. using check bits, or algorithms). 
     Subsequently, during the validation process, the server  200  confirms the identity of the source of condition data. In some examples, the source of the data may be identified, or indeed confirmed, by using metadata associated with received condition data (e.g. source IP address, MAC address, or the like). Any identification data may be compared to expected identification data for that particular remote sensor device  150 . In some cases, the expected source identification may be stored at an appropriate data record. If the server  220  confirms that the data being received is from a genuine or expected source, then the server  220  can communicate that data for storage at the data-storage facility  210 . In some examples, the condition data may be encrypted for transmission, and subsequently decrypted at the server  220 . In those examples, the server  220  may use the process of decryption of communicated condition data as a way to identify the source of the data, in a known manner. 
     Further, the validation process comprises comparing received condition data with one or more expected thresholds for that condition data (e.g. for that condition data of a particular well infrastructure  100  associated with a remote sensor device  150 ). For example, where the condition data comprises data regarding temperature, then the thresholds may be predefined temperature values for that site  50 , or structure  110 ,  120 ,  130  (e.g. thresholds of 0° C. and 200° C.). 
     After comparing data with one or more thresholds, the server  220  is configured to confirm that the received condition data is invalid, or indeed the well infrastructure  100  is operating at conditions that may require user notification, when an underlying parameter or parameters measured lie outside defined ranges. In such a way data that is erroneous, or sits outside of expected conditions, can be identified. In some examples, the system  200  can be configured to permit a user-defined thresholds, or rules. Notifications communicated to users may also include information regarding possible reasons, or remedies that may be required. 
     Responsive to the validation process, the system  200  may be configured to discard received condition data (e.g. not store or communicate invalid condition data to the data-storage facility  210 ). However, in some examples—e.g. when the data is beyond expected thresholds—the system  200  may be configured to set an alert status in relation to that received condition data. The alert status may be stored together with the condition data (e.g. for future viewing). In other words, the alert status and condition data may be communicated from the server  220  to the data-storage facility  210  for storing. 
     However, the system  200 —or indeed if appropriate the server  220 —may be configured (additionally or alternatively) to communicate the alert status to a remote user  240 , via the network  230 , responsive to the validation process. In such a way, a remote user  240  may be able to promptly be notified of a potential error or problem at a site  50 . 
     It will be appreciated that validation process may comprise one or both of the described steps, and may, in some cases, be performed at the data-storage facility  210  after storage (e.g. in a batch process), rather than at the server  220 . 
     As mentioned above, the network-enabled server  220  may be configured to receive condition data periodically from the sensor devices  150  (e.g. hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, etc.). In the example described, the server  220  is configured to receive condition data automatically from the sensor devices  150 , without necessarily any user input. 
     That said, the system  200  can also be configured additionally or alternatively to receive condition data after receipt of a user request. That user request may be received at the server  220  via the network  230 , for example, from a remote user  240 . In other similar words, a user may in some cases, initiate the receipt (e.g. initiate a request and receipt) of condition data from the one or more sensor devices  150 . Such a request may follow from a received alert notification, for example. 
     In any event, after receipt of condition data (and possibly validation), the server  220  is configured to communicate that received condition data to the data-storage facility for storing in appropriate data records. In some examples, the system  200  may be configured to process received condition data in such a manner so as to mitigate or removed errors and/or noise that may be present in the data. Further, the system  200  may be configured to store data in a manner that minimises data storage requirements at the data-storage facility. 
     For example, in some cases, the system  200  can be configured to store cumulative averaged data of condition data received for a particular well infrastructure  100 . Or in other similar words, the condition data stored at a particular data record can be averaged across two or more receipt time intervals. For example, daily data (e.g. relating to temperature) can be averaged across a seven days to provide average daily condition data for a particular week. The system  200  may be configured to average condition data received for a defined period, such as a day, week, or month. 
     In use, user profiles can be established and stored at the server (or indeed at the data-storage facility). Access to data records and stored condition data may only be permitted with an appropriate user profile and, for example, when a secure access procedure is followed. 
     Here, for example, the system  200  is configured to facilitate user access, and indeed remote user access via the network  230 , to the data records comprising condition data stored at the data-storage facility  210 . A user, having an existing user profile, may access the server, using the network  230 , and a web-based user interface, permitting a user to view data from data records. The web-based interface may require login and password details to be provided. Visualisation of data via the web-interface may be provided using an application program interface. 
     It will be appreciated, not least of all because of the web-based access, that the user access may be provided from any number of different end user equipment devices that can connect to the server  220  (e.g. using the Internet). In such a way, no installation is required at the remote user. 
     It will also be appreciated that due to the manner in which any of the described systems and methods are implemented in a web-based manner, no dedicated software need be required at the user, and indeed the system may be facilitated using known web browsers or web access means. In other similar words, there may be no requirement for the remote user equipment to have installed specific or dedicated programs, or the like. 
     The system  200 , and for example the server  220 , can further be configured to facilitate remote user access in order to facilitate access and storage (e.g. upload) of additional record data, for example via the network  230 , to the data records comprising condition data stored at the data-storage facility  210 . In other similar words, the system  200  can permit a user to upload additional data to the data-storage facility  210 , and for that additional data to be associated and stored in a particular existing record. Such additional data may include pictures of sites, or specific information regarding the well infrastructure  100 , or the like. 
     In addition, in some examples, the system may permit a user to modify stored data, or modify the scheduling of receiving data from sensor devices  150 . It will be appreciated, that in some cases, each user may be assigned a particular privilege, permitting limited access or control of data. In other words, the system  200  may be further configured to restrict remote user access (e.g. based on the user privileges), via the network  230 . Such restrictions may restrict the extent to which a user can access condition data, modify data, access data records, etc. In addition, certain export restrictions may be applied to different users. 
     It will be appreciated therefore, that different commercial entities may use the same server  220  and data-storage facility  210 , and have access to data relevant to their sensor devices  150 . 
     While the well infrastructure  100  of  FIG. 1  was shown with remote sensor devices  150 , it will be appreciated that with such well infrastructure  100  there may also be a number of control devices  400 , configured to control or modify conditions at that well structure  100 . 
       FIG. 3  shows an example of the well infrastructure  100  of  FIG. 1  again with the sensor device  150  comprising the distributed sensor arrangement  160  extending along both well structures  110 ,  120  as well as along the pipeline structure  130 . In this example, however, the system  200  comprises one or more control devices  400 , positioned at well infrastructures  100 . Here, one control device  400  is positioned at the at pipeline structure  130 , while three control devices  400  are positioned at the well structure  120 . 
     In each case, the control devices  400  are configured to modify conditions at the well infrastructure  100 . For example, such control devices  400  may be configured to modify conditions by changing flow rates, drawdown or injection pressures, or flow regimes, etc. and may include chokes, such as production chokes, injection chokes, safety values, such as subsurface safety values, or the like, zonal and/or lateral isolation apparatus, such as inflow control devices, or the like. Here, some or all of the control devices  400  may be operable using instructions (i.e. control data) received from the server,  220 , as will be explained. 
       FIG. 4  shows an example of the data system  200  of  FIG. 2  for use with control data (e.g. data for operatively controlling the control devices  400  of  FIG. 3 ). 
     Here, the data system  200  is further in communication with the remote control devices  400  similar to that described in relation to  FIG. 3  (e.g. provided at a particular remote production site  50 ). Each of the control devices  400  are in communication with the server  220  via the network  230  in a similar manner to the remote sensor devices  150 , and in some examples share the same network connection (e.g. communicate over the same VPN). In this particular example, the server  220  can be configured to monitor the control devices (e.g. monitor current operation/configuration), and to communicate from time to time control data with the control devices  400  in order to control their operation, and optionally receive data from the control devices regarding their operative configuration. 
     As with remote sensor devices  150 , in some cases a control device  400  may be indirectly in communication with the server  220 , via an intermediary device. For example, in circumstances in which the control devices  400  are deployed at sites beyond network connectivity, then in those cases, a transfer of control data between the server  220  and control device  400 , using an intermediary device, may be desired in order to store control data on a network enabled device, or networked user equipment, for subsequent communication to/from the server  220  and control device. In such cases, the control devices  400  may still, for the purposes of explanation, be considered to be “in communication” with the server  220 . 
     From time to time, for example after receipt of condition data from a particular site  50  and indeed from one or more remote sensors  150 , the data system  200  is configured to perform a “decision process”, as will be described. In such examples, the system (e.g. server) can be considered to perform analysis of data (e.g. condition data, weather data, commodity data, or the like) in order provide, as an outcome, one or more recommendations for operation of control devices  400  at the well infrastructure  100 . The decision process may incorporate analysis of data such as temperature inversion techniques, liquid level monitoring analysis, leak detection analysis, such as using condition data to determine Joule-Thompson cooling effects, or fluid mixing effects, etc., as are known. 
     Such a decision process may be performed before communicating received condition data to the data-storage facility  210  for storing. In other examples, the decision process may be performed at the data-storage facility  210  after storage (e.g. in a batch process). 
     The decision process may use received condition data and/or condition data stored at a particular data record, so as to determine one or more desired modifications to conditions at a particular well infrastructure  100 . For example, based on particular observed conditions at a well infrastructure  100 , the system can be configured to determine changes that may be made to change or optimise production (e.g. isolating water ingress), improve safety (e.g. observe failure conditions, and take action), or the like. For example, this may be achieved by observing a variation in condition data associated with one or more locations in well (e.g. variation in pressure, temperature, or indeed noise of a condition data, or the like), and determining that variation to be associated with a change in flow and/or composition conditions at a well, or the like. Subsequently, and based on those new conditions, the system can be configured to determine, or estimate, an associated cause of that variation in conditions. In which case, remedial action may be recommended, such as choking sections or zones in well, or the like. 
     In this case, the system  200  initially performs a decision process to determine one or more changes to conditions at a well infrastructure  100 , and then communicates, to a user, one or more recommendations for changes at that well infrastructure based on the outcome of the decision process. Here, the user can be notified of the recommendations via the network  230  at the remote user device  240 . 
     In some examples, the system  200  can be configured to communicate control data to the control devices  400  based on the outcome of the decision process and/or recommendations communicated to a user. 
     For some examples or decision outcomes, the system  200  can be configured to communicate control data to control devices  400  when confirmed by a user, for example only when confirmed by a user (e.g. responsive to receiving one or more recommendations, and subsequently having the user confirming those one or more of those recommendations). Put in other similar words, the system  200  can be configured such that based on a particular recommendation, a user is prompted to confirm that the recommendation, or indeed recommendations, should be implemented. In some cases, that confirmation may only be accepted after the user has securely connected (e.g. securely logged in) to the server  220 . After receipt of the user confirmation, the server  220  can then communicate control data to the one or more control devices  400  in order to implement the recommendation. Once the control devices  400  have been modified accordingly, the system  200  can notify the user accordingly. 
     Of course, when a user rejects a particular recommendation, the system  200  may take no action. However, the system can also be configured to allow a user to modify the recommendations or actions, or indeed only select certain recommendations for implementation. In those cases, the system  200  may nevertheless implement the user-defined actions. 
     The system  200  may also be configured to store data associated with user-defined modification or rejection of recommendations. The storing of such data may be used in subsequent decision processes (e.g. together with condition data). So, for example, when a user continually rejects a particular recommendation in certain circumstances, the system may be configured not to present that recommendation to the user, or present such recommendations to the user but to indicate that that particular recommendation is not often followed/accepted by users. In such a way, the system can “learn” from previous user confirmations. 
     In other examples or outcomes, the system  200  can be configured to communicate control data to control devices  400  without having been confirmed by a user. This may be applicable in safety critical cases, or on the basis of certain rules. For example, the system  200  can be configurable, by a user, to determine in which particular circumstances to require user confirmation prior to issuing a control data communication. In minor cases or in certain predefined circumstances, the system  200  may be configured to communicate control data to the control devices  400 . In those cases, the system  200  may nevertheless communicate to a user the action performed (e.g. prior to and/or after the modification has occurred). 
     In the above examples, the system may therefore be considered to be (i) autonomous, without the need for user input, (ii) semi-autonomous, with the need for user input in certain circumstances, or indeed (iii) user driven, where a user input is required in order for the system  200  to take action. In each case, “rules” may be established—for example by the user—for when the system  200  operates in each condition, or mode of operation. Those rules may also establish when the system  200  may recommend or take action. 
     For example, the system  200  can be configured to notify a user based upon rules specified previously. An exemplary rule may include comparing condition data with specific thresholds of data and, if that data is identified as falling inside or outside of the desired threshold, a notification can be communicated to the user (e.g. via the network  230 ). At the same time, the system  200  can be configured to await user input as to whether to communicate control data to a control device  400 , or indeed can take action if the rules require so. 
     For example, in circumstances when water has been suspected by a sensor device  150  in a given zone, the system  200  can be configured to notify a user and communicate control data so as to choke a valve control device in that zone. Responsive to communicated control data, the system  200  can be configured to confirm that the control device  400  has been changed to the desired operating condition, and communicate a further alert to the user accordingly (e.g. notifying that the action had been performed). Of course, in some examples, the decision process may use analysis of data with multiple recommendations for settings of devices downhole, for example in order to change, and indeed optimise, production at the well infrastructure  100 . A user can decide whether to accept some or all recommendations. In each case, the system  200  can be configured to notify a user that changes to control devices have been made. 
     In some examples, the system  200  can be configured to perform a “confirmation process” subsequent to communicating control data to a control device  400 . 
     The confirmation process may compare an expected outcome of a change in condition at a well infrastructure with the actual outcome of a change in condition at a well (e.g. based on received condition data). In such a way, the system can “learn” from previous decision outcomes. The system  200  may be configured to store the outcome of a confirmation process (e.g. at the data store  210 ), and associate a weighting factor with that corresponding decision process based on a comparison between the expected and actual change in conditions (e.g. the closer the actual/expected conditions, the greater the weighting factor). 
     For subsequent decision processes (e.g. and user notifications), a user may be informed of a weighting factor associated with a particular decision outcome (e.g. to guide the user as to likelihood of actual conditions being modified). The weighting factor may be considered to be a confidence factor, or the like. A weighting factor may be averaged across multiple same or similar decision outcomes, and indeed the system can be configured to aggregate weighting factors across multiple well infrastructures  100 , thus improving the veracity of the weighting factor. In such a way, an operator of one particular well infrastructure  100  benefits from the use of data from other well infrastructures  100 . 
     It will be appreciated that the above described system  200  may be implemented by integrating the data-storage facility  210  and server  220  with existing remote sensors  150 , control devices  400  and networks (e.g. used already by would-be users). For example, consider now  FIG. 5  in which server  220  is connected to an existing network  300  of sensor/control devices  350 ,  400  and users  340 . Again, however, the data-storage facility  210  can be accessed via a network  230 , such as the Internet, or the like. Again, in this example, remote user access  345  can be provided, via the network  230  (e.g. using a web-based interface, having log in requirements). In the example shown in  FIG. 5 , third parties  350 , may also be in communication with system  200 , and may permit the use of a third party application programming interface for use with stored condition data (as is true of the example shown in  FIG. 2 ). In the example shown in  FIG. 5 , the server  220  and data-storage facility  210  may be considered to be remotely hosted from the existing network  300 . In such a way, the data-storage facility  210  can be used as a centralised repository for data. 
     Of course, in other examples, the server  220  and data storage facility  210  may be considered to be locally-hosted, providing access to condition data mainly using a local network, as is shown in  FIG. 6 . Access to the data-storage facility  210  may be possible by accessing a local network. Again, however, web-based user interface and access may be provided. 
     While functions described above have been described in relation to being performed at the server  220  or the data-storage facility  210 , it will be appreciated that in other examples, those functions may be performed by alternative devices while still implementing the inventive concept. Further, while shown as discrete hardware units, it will be appreciate that some of the above functions may be performed partially or entirely on software, performed on virtualised hardware. A skilled reader will readily be able to implement the various alternatives accordingly. 
     The above described systems, devices and methods may allow user to obtain securely condition data, and to process data collected and at the same time being able to comprehend large volumes of data quickly and accurately, which may be vital when making safe and effective decisions on the management and control of an asset or well infrastructure. Further, the ability to communicate, quickly and effectively, alerts and recommendations, and indeed implement modified conditions at a well, can optimise performance and/or improve safety. 
     The applicant hereby discloses in isolation each individual feature described herein and any combination of two or more such features, to the extent that such features or combinations are capable of being carried out based on the present specification as a whole in the light of the common general knowledge of a person skilled in the art, irrespective of whether such features or combinations of features solve any problems disclosed herein, and without limitation to the scope of the claims. The applicant indicates that aspects of the invention may consist of any such individual feature or combination of features. In view of the foregoing description it will be evident to a person skilled in the art that various modifications may be made within the spirit and scope of the invention.