Patent Publication Number: US-6210696-B1

Title: Stable pesticide dispersions

Description:
The present invention relates to a stable dispersion of a pesticide in an agricultural oil and a method for forming the dispersion. In particular the invention relates to a stable dispersion of a pesticide in an agricultural oil including: a pesticide having a particle size from 0.5-10 microns and selected from the group consisting of chlorinated nitrile, triazole, aralkyl triazole, triazole anilide, benzamide, alkyl benzamide, diphenyl ether, pyridine carboxylic acid, chloroaniline, organophosphate, phosphonic glycine salt, and mixtures thereof; an agricultural oil; and an agricultural oil-soluble polymer, the polymer having a weight average molecular weight from 3,000 to 120,000 and including 2.5-35% by weight of a copolymerized polar monomer. And the invention is related to a stable dispersion of a pesticide in an agricultural oil comprising: ethylene bisdithiocarbamate having a particle size from 2-10 microns; an agricultural oil; and an agricultural oil-soluble polymer, said polymer having a weight average molecular weight from 3,000 to 90,000 and including 0-35% by weight of a copolymerized polar monomer. The invention is also related to a method for forming the stable dispersion. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 3,773,926 discloses a method of and composition for the treatment of plants, the compositions containing certain pesticides dispersed in a conventional agricultural oil employing an N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (4-15%)/alkyl methacrylate (85-96%) copolymer dispersant. The dispersant polymer is disclosed to have a average molecular weight of from about 300,000 to about 1,000,000. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 3,131,119 discloses compositions containing salts of dithiocarbamic acids such as ethylenebisdithocarbamic acid and dimethyldithiocarbamic acid dispersed in oil using an organic solvent-soluble polymer which possesses a balance of hydrophilic and lipophilic groups. The lipophilic groups are supplied by hydrocarbon groups containing from 8-24 carbon atoms. The hydrophilic groups are supplied by multiple ether groups, carbonyl groups, carboxylic acid groups, carboxylic ester groups, amide groups, and amino groups. The organic solvent-soluble polymer is disclosed to have a molecular weight of about 100,000 to about 2,000,000. 
     There remains the need for stable dispersion of a variety of pesticides. We have now surprisingly found that a variety of stable dispersions can be made using agricultural oil-soluble polymers having a lower molecular weight than previously disclosed. These compositions facilitate making and storing of the dispersions, also considered as concentrates, even in hot climates, for their effective use in agronomic applications. Accordingly, the present invention provides a stable dispersion of certain pesticides in an agricultural oil and a method for forming the stable dispersion. 
     According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a stable dispersion of a pesticide in an agricultural oil comprising: a pesticide having a particle size from 0.5-10 microns and selected from the group consisting of chlorinated nitrile, triazole, aralkyl triazole, triazole anilide, benzamide, alkyl benzamide, diphenyl ether, pyridine carboxylic acid, chloroaniline, organophosphate, phosphonic glycine salt, and mixtures thereof; an agricultural oil, and an agricultural oil-soluble polymer, the polymer having a weight average molecular weight from 3,000 to 120,000 and including 2.5-35% by weight of a copolymerized polar monomer 
     According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided stable dispersion of a pesticide in an agricultural oil comprising: ethylene bisdithiocarbamate having a particle size from 2-10 microns; an agricultural oil; and an agricultural oil-soluble polymer, the polymer having a weight average molecular weight from 3,000 to 90,000 and including 0-35% by weight of a copolymerized polar monomer. 
     According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for forming a stable dispersion of a pesticide in an agricultural oil comprising admixing a pesticide selected from the group consisting of chlorinated nitrile, triazole, aralkyl triazole, triazole anilide, benzamide, alkyl benzamide, diphenyl ether, pyridine carboxylic acid, chloroaniline, organophosphate, phosphonic glycine salt; an agricultural oil; and an agricultural oil-soluble polymer, the polymer having a weight average molecular weight from 3,000 to 120,000 and including 2.5-35% by weight of a copolymerized polar monomer and mixing or shearing the admixture until the pesticide has a particle size from 0.5 to 10 microns. 
     According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for forming a stable dispersion of a pesticide in an agricultural oil comprising admixing ethylene bisdithiocarbamate; an agricultural oil; and an agricultural oil-soluble polymer, said polymer having a weight average molecular weight from 3,000 to 90,000 and including 0-35% by weight of a copolymerized polar monomer and mixing or shearing the admixture until the ethylene bisdithiocarbamate has a particle size from 2 to 10 microns. 
     By “stable dispersion of a pestcide in an agricultural oil” herein is meant a dispersion which did not gel during the dispersion process, i.e., a dispersion which did not gel, for example, in the homogenizer, bead mill, or ball mill used to mix and shear the admixture of the pesticide, the polymer, and the agricultural oil. The stable dispersion is stable relative to a dispersion of the same pesticide prepared in like manner in the absence of the polymer. Prefered are dispersions which, in addition meet the inital properties below. More prefered are dispersions which further meet the following properties after 1-2 weeks holding at 54 C. Typical desired values of the measured properties are given. 
     Initial Properties: 
     appearance=no gelling 
     viscosity=less than 2000 cps, 
     most preferably less than 1000 cps 
     After 1-2 weeks at 54° C.: 
     appearance=no gelling 
     viscosity=less than 2000 cps, 
     most preferably less than 1000 cps 
     % separation=top clear liquid; separation less than 10%. 
     sedimentation=sticky sediment on the bottom of jar; none. 
     By “particle size” herein is meant the volume average particle diameter as measured, for example by a laser particle size instrument such as the Coulter LS-130 particle sizer. 
     Pesticides herein include particulate agronomically effective fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides such as chlorinated nitrile, triazole, aralkyl triazole, triazole anilide, benzamide, alkyl benzamide, diphenyl ether, pyridine carboxylic acid, chloroaniline, organophosphate, phosphonic glycine salt, and mixtures thereof Also included are mixtures of the pesticides with other organic or inorganic agronomically active ingredients, for example, Dithane+Indar, Dithane+chlorothalonil, Dithane+cymoxanil, and Dithane+Copper Hydroxide. Examples of typical pesticides and their physical characteristics are presented in Table 1. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Typical Pesticides used in this invention 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Melting Pt 
                 Sol. in 
               
               
                 Trade Name 
                 Action 
                 Common Name 
                 Family 
                 Molecular Formula 
                 ° C. 
                 H2O 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Bravo 
                 fungicide 
                 Chlorothalonil 
                 chlorinated nitrile 
                 C8CL4N2 
                 250-251 
                 0.6-1.2 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ppm 
               
               
                 Dithane 
                 fungicide 
                 Mancozeb 
                 ethylene 
                 C4H6MNN2S4x Zny 
                 192-204 
                 6-20 ppm 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 bisthiocarbmate 
               
               
                 Systhane 
                 fungicide 
                 Myclobutanil 
                 triazole 
                 C15H17ClN4 
                 63-68 
                 142 ppm 
               
               
                 Indar 
                 fungicide 
                 Fenbunconazole 
                 aralkyl triazole 
                 C19H17ClN4 
                 124-126 
                 0.2 ppm 
               
               
                 Pulsar 
                 fungicide 
                 Thifluzamide 
                   
                 C13H6Br2F6N2OS 
                 178 
                 1.6 ppm 
               
               
                 RH-7281 
                 fungicide 
                 n/a 
                 alkyl benzamide 
                 C14H16O2NCl3 
                 167 
                 &gt;1 ppm 
               
               
                 Gallery 
                 herbicide 
                 Isoxaben 
                 amide 
                 C18H24N2O4 
                 176-179 
                 1-2 ppm 
               
               
                 Kerb 
                 herbicide 
                 Pronamide 
                 amide 
                 C12H11CL2NO 
                 155-156 
                 15 ppm 
               
               
                 Visor 
                 herbicide 
                 Thiazopyr 
                 pyridine 
                 C16H17O2N2SF5 
                 79-81 
                 2.5 ppm 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 carboxylic acid 
               
               
                 Goal 
                 herbicide 
                 oxyfluorfen 
                 diphenyl ether 
                 C15H11ClF3NO4 
                 85-90 
                 0.1 ppm 
               
               
                 Stam 
                 herbicide 
                 propanil 
                 chloroaniline 
                 C9H9Cl2NO 
                 91 
                 130 ppm 
               
               
                 Roundup 
                 herbicide 
                 glyphosate 
                 phosphonic 
                 C6H17N2O5PS 
                 &gt;200 
                 40-50% 
               
               
                   
                   
                 isopropyl 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ammonium salt 
                 glycine salt 
               
               
                 Imidan 
                 insecticide 
                 Phosmet 
                 organophosphate 
                 C11H12NO4PS2 
                 72.0-72.7 
                 25 ppm 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Notes: Dithane, Systhane, Indar, Pulsar, Kerb, Visor, Goal, and Stam are trademarks of Rohm and Haas Company. Bravo is a trademark of ISK Biosciences, Gallery is a trademark of Dow Elanco. Imidan is a trademark of Gowan Co. Roundup is a trademark of Monsanto Co. RH-7281 is a product of Rohm and Haas Company. 
     Typically the pesticides used in the stable dispersion and method for forming a stable dispersion of this invention were crystalline and had melting points greater than 50° C., molecular weights greater than 200, low solubility in paraffinic solvents, typically less than 1%, and contained polar functional groups such as, for example, ester, carbonyl, hydroxy, and cyano. 
     The agricultural oils used in the stable dispersions and method for forming a stable dispersion of this invention are oils suitable for agronomic application, typically of high purity, and generally composed of a single aliphatic chemical structure. They may be branched or linear in nature with typical carbon chain lengths of C 20  to C 26 . They are characterized by low odor, low solvency for organic and organo-metallic compounds, low phytotoxicity to biological species, and low volatility. Commercial examples agricultural oil are: Orchex 796, Orchex 692, Sunspray 7N, Sunspray 11N, Oleo Branco, Isopar M, Isopar V, 100 Neutral, and Exxsol D-130. Other oils such as mineral oil; crop oil such as, for example, vegetable oil, peanut oil, and cottonseed oil; or synthetic may be acceptable 
     Typical physical characteristics of agricultural oils are: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Specific Gravity at 60/60° F. 
                 0.750 to 0.900 
               
               
                   
                 Flash Point 
                 &gt;120° F. 
               
               
                   
                 Viscosity, SSU at 100° F. 
                 50 to 150 
               
               
                   
                 Unsulfonated residue 
                 &gt;90% 
               
               
                   
                 Distillation range 
                 350° F. to 450° F. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The agricultural oil-soluble polymers used in the stable dispersion and method for forming a stable dispersion of this invention typically are addition polymers formed from ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Prefered are copolymers of one or more monomers, the homopolymers of which are soluble in agricultural oils, and one or more polar monomers. More prefered are copolymers of one or more alkyl (meth)acrylates and one or more polar monomers. 
     Examples of the alkyl (meth)acrylates [alkyl(meth)acrylates is used herein to mean alkyl methacrylate or alkyl acrylate where the alkyl group contains from 1 to 15 carbon atoms are methyl methacrylate (MMA), methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate (BMA) and acrylate (BA), isobutyl methacrylate (IBMA), hexyl and cyclohexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA), 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, isodecyl methacrylate (IDMA, based on branched (C 10 )alkyl isomer mixture), undecyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate (also known as lauryl methacrylate), tridecyl methacrylate, tetradecyl methacrylate (also known as myristyl methacrylate), pentadecyl methacrylate and combinations thereof Also useful are: dodecyl-pentadecyl methacrylate (DPMA), a mixture of linear and branched isomers of dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl and pentadecyl methacrylates; and lauryl-myristyl methacrylate (LMA), a mixture of dodecyl and tetradecyl methacrylates. Examples of the alkyl (methacrylate) where the alkyl group contains from 16 to 24 carbon atoms are hexadecyl methacrylate, heptadecyl methacrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, nonadecyl methacrylate, eicosyl methacrylate, behenyl methacrylate(BehMA), and combinations thereof. Also useful are: cetyl-eicosyl methacrylate (CEMA), a mixture of hexadecyl, octadecyl and eicosyl methacrylate; and cetyl-stearyl methacrylate (SMA), a mixture of hexadecyl and octadecyl methacrylate. 
     The alkyl methacrylate and alkyl acrylate monomers described above are generally prepared by standard esterification procedures using technical grades of long chain aliphatic alcohols, and these commercially available alcohols are mixtures of alcohols of varying chain lengths containing between 10 and 15 or 16 and 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group. Consequently, for the purposes of this invention, alkyl methacrylate is intended to include not only the individual alkyl methacrylate product named, but also to include mixtures of the alkyl methacrylates with a predominant amount of the particular alkyl methacrylate named. The use of these commercially available alcohols to prepare acrylate and methacrylate esters results in the LMA, DPMA, SMA and CEMA monomer mixtures described above. 
     The polar monomers may contain, for example hydroxy groups or Nitrogen-containing groups. The polar monomers preferably contain hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, basic nitrogen, or heterocyclic functionality. Examples of polar monomers are hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylates such as hydroxypropyl methacrylate(HPMA), dialkylamino(C 1 -C 8 )alkyl (meth)acrylates such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate(DMAEMA) and dialkylamino(C 1 -C 8 )alkyl (meth)acrylamides such as dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide(DMAPMAm), vinylpyridine, 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine, 2-ethyl-5-vinylpyridine, 3-methyl-5-vinylpyridine, 2,3-dimethyl-5-vinylpyridine, 2-methyl-3-ethyl-5-vinylpyridine, methyl-substituted quinolines and isoquinolines, 1-vinylimidazole, 2-methyl-1-vinylimidazole(MVI), N-vinylcapro-lactam, N-vinylbutyrolactam and N-vinylpyrrolidone(NVP). 
     To achieve oil solubility in a typical agricultural oil, the alkyl side chains of the acrylate/methacrylate monomers should average at least about C 7 -C 9 . However, typically as the amount of the polar monomer in the polymer increases, the average chain length of the alkyl side chains in the (meth)acrylate comonomers must be increased, in order to maintain oil solubility. Therefore, a polymer that contains greater than 10% by weight of copolymerized DMAPMAm (basic nitrogen) or copolymerized HPMA (free hydroxyl) typically requires a greater amount of alkyl side chains containing C 16 -C 18  alkyl rather than C 7 -C 9  alkyl. Prefered are copolymers of C 12 -C 20  methacrylates with 10-15% by weight of DMAPMAm. More prefered are coplymers of stearyl methacrylate(SMA) with 10-20% by weight of DMAPMAm. 
     The weight average molecular weight of the polymer, typically from 3,000 to 120,000 or from 3,000 to 90,000, depending on the pesticide to be dispersed, may also have an effect on the viscosity of the formulation, with higher molecular weight leading to higher solution viscosity. Higher solution viscosity may decrease particle mobility and thus delay separation and settling. However, higher solution viscosity may hinder the flowability, transfer, and facile dilution of the pesticide dispersion Prefered are weight average molecular weights of 15,000 to 90,000; more prefered are weight average molecular weights of 20,000 to 75,000. 
     The polymers are typically made by addition polymerization in agricultural oil, preferably by gradual addition free-radical polymerization of the monomers. The polymers are typically prepared by mixing the monomers in the presence of a polymerization initiator, agricultural oil and, optionally, a chain transfer agent. The reaction may be run under agitation in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of from about 60 to 140° C. and more preferably from 115 to 125° C. The reactions were typically run for about 4 to 10 hours or until the desired degree of polymerization hadbeen reached. As is recognized by those skilled in the art, the time and temperature of the reaction are dependent on the choice of initiator and can be varied accordingly. Polymers may be prepared by techniques known in the art to form graft polymers, block copolymers, star copolymers, or variable composition copolymers as well as random copolymers. 
     Initiators useful for this polymerization are any of the well known free-radical-producing compounds such as peroxy, hydroperoxy and azo initiators including acetyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxyiso-butyrate, caproyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, 1,1-di(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-tri-methylcyclohexane, azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2′azobis(2-methylbutane nitrile), and t-butyl peroctoate. The initiator concentration is normally between 0.025 and 1% by weight based on the total weight of the monomers and more preferably from 0.05 to 0.25%. Chain transfer agents may also be added to the polymerization reaction to control the molecular weight of the polymer. The prefered chain transfer agents are alkyl mercaptans such as lauryl (dodecyl) mercaptan, and the concentration of chain transfer agent used is from about 0.1 to about 10% by weight. 
     The dispersion of a pesticide in agricultural oil was typically effected with pesticides which were either technical grade particulate pesticides(“technicals”) or formulated particulate pesticide compositions such as, for example, wettable powders and dispersible granules. 
     The technical grade particulate pesticides ranged in active ingredient content from 80 to 98% by weight and were solid at room temperature. The wettable powders and dispersible granules ranged in active ingredient content from 45% by weight to 75% by weight and had typical compositions as follows: 45 to 75% by weight pesticide; 20 to 50% by weight carrier; 2 to 10% by weight dispersant; and 2 to 10% by weight surfactant. The wettable powders and dispersible granules typically had been milled to an average particle size in the range of 2 to 10 microns. 
     The dispersions of this invention are typically applied in the field as dilutions into oil or oil/water/surfactant carriers. The spray tank mixtures may contain other formulated agronomic compositions such as, for example, surfactant adjuvants, emulsifiable concentrates, and wettable powders. Application may be made by ground or aerial spray equipment. 
    
    
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Preparation of agricultural oil-soluble polymer 
     Preparation of polymer 3. A 5 gallon reactor was fitted with a thermocouple, a temperature controller, a purge gas inlet, a water-cooled reflux condenser with purge gas outlet, a stirrer, and an addition tank. To the addition tank was charged 4911.59 grams of a monomer mixture of 4137.07 pbw stearyl methacrylate (96.5% purity), 704.52 pbw dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide (100% purity), 40.00 pbw of a 50% solution of t-butyl peroctoate in mineral spirits (Lupersol PMS), 30.00 pbw dodecyl mercaptan. Sixty percent (2946.95 grams) of the monomer mixture in the addition tank and 736.74 grams of Orchex 796 oil were charged to the reactor which was then flushed with nitrogen for 30 minutes before applying heat to bring the contents of the reactor to 120° C. When the contents of the reactor reached 120° C., the balance of the monomer mixture in the addition tank was uniformly charged to the reactor over 90 minutes. At the end of the monomer mixture addition, the temperature in the reactor was lowered to 100° C. and 1124.21 grams of a feed consisting of 314.21 pbw stearyl methacrylate, 60.00 pbw of a 50% solution of t-butyl peroctoate in mineral spirits (Lupersol PMS), and 750.00 pbw Orchex 796 oil was added uniformly over 120 minutes. Then the contents of the reactor were held 30 minutes at 100° C. At the end of the hold, the reaction temperature was raised to 120° C. and 260.00 grams of a 10.00 pbw of a 50% solution of t-butyl peroctoate in mineral spirits (Lupersol PMS) and 250.00 pbw Orchex 796 oil was added to the reactor. The reaction was held at 120° C. for 30 minutes. At the end of the 30 minute hold, 6000.00 grams of Orchex 796 oil was added to the batch. The batch was then held at ˜120° C. for an additional 30 minute to create a homogeneous solution. The product so formed exhibited a polymer solids content of 32.65 wt %, a viscosity of 38 centistokes at 100° C. (210° F.). Monomer conversion to polymer was calculated to be 98%. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     Preparation of agricultural oil-soluble polymer with grafted polar monomer. 
     Preparation of Polymer No. 38 (Table 2). A 1 liter reactor was fitted with a thermocouple, a temperature controller, a purge gas inlet, a water-cooled reflux condenser with purge gas outlet, a stirrer, and an addition funnel. To the addition funnel was charged 259.39 grams of a monomer mixture of 230.77 parts by weight (pbw) stearyl methacrylate (97.5% purity), 12.50 pbw dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide (100% purity), 1.50 pbw of a 50% solution of t-butyl peroctoate in mineral spirits (Lupersol PMS), 2.13 pbw dodecyl mercaptan. Thirty percent (77.82 grams) of the monomer mixture in the addition funnel was charged to the reactor which was then flushed with nitrogen for 30 minutes before applying heat to bring the contents of the reactor to 115° C. When the contents of the reactor reached 115° C., the balance of the monomer mixture in the addition funnel was uniformly charged to the reactor over 60 minutes. At the end of the monomer mixture addition, 38.50 grams of a chaser feed consisting of 1.00 pbw of a 50% solution of t-butyl peroctoate in mineral spirits (Lupersol PMS), and 37.50 pbw Orchex 796 oil was added uniformly over 90 minutes. Thirty minutes into the chaser feed, 12.50 grams of dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide (100% purity) was charged to the reactor over 15 minutes as a separate feed. At the end of the chaser feed the contents of the reactor were held 60 minutes at 115° C. At the end of the 60 minute hold, 522.94 grams of Orchex 796 oil was added to the batch. The batch was then held at ˜115° C. for an additional 30 minute to create a homogeneous solution. The product so formed exhibited a polymer solids content of 28.53 wt %, a viscosity of 22 cSt at 100° C. (210° F.) Monomer conversion to polymer was calculated to be about 95%. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     Preparation of additional agricultural oil-soluble polymers 
     Additional polymers were prepared according to the method of Example 1. Compositions and physical characteristics are presented in Table 2 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Polymer Compositions and physical characteristics 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Polymer No. 
                 Composition 
                 Monomer Weight % 
                 Mol. wt. 
                 Solids 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 BehA/DMAPMAm 
                 90/10 
                 29,400 
                 27.6 
               
               
                 2 
                 BehMA/DMAPMAm 
                 90/10 
                 54,500 
                 30.8 
               
               
                 3 
                 SMA/DMAPMAm 
                 85/15 
                 32,800 
                 32.7 
               
               
                 4 
                 CEMA/IDMA/MMA 
                 28/62/10 
                 49,600 
                 39.0 
               
               
                 5 
                 CEMA/IDMA/MMA/DMAPMAm 
                 25.2/55.8/9/10 
                 31,400 
                 39.6 
               
               
                 6 
                 CEMA/IDMA/MMA/DMAPMAm 
                 26.5/58.9/9.5/5 
                 57,900 
                 38.2 
               
               
                 7 
                 CEMA/IDMA/MMA/NVP 
                 30/56/10/4 
                 420,000  
                 39.1 
               
               
                 8 
                 CEMA/LMA/DMAPMAm 
                 4.5/91.5/4 
                 45,900 
               
               
                 9 
                 CEMA/LMA/DMAPMAm 
                 15/65/20 
                 35,000 
               
               
                 10 
                 CEMA/LMA/IBMA/NVP 
                 32.7/43.8/13.7/9.8 
                 256,000  
                 38.6 
               
               
                 11 
                 IDMA/DMAPMAm 
                 85/15 
                 19,700 
                 29.6 
               
               
                 12 
                 IDMA/MMA 
                 80/20 
                 49,400 
                 29.6 
               
               
                 13 
                 LMA 
                 100 
                 55,200 
                 34.0 
               
               
                 14 
                 LMA/DMAPMAm 
                 90/10 
                 32,700 
                 50.0 
               
               
                 15 
                 LMA/DMAPMAm 
                 60/40 
                 18,700 
                 28.1 
               
               
                 16 
                 LMA/HPMA 
                 90/10 
                 64,800 
                 31.5 
               
               
                 17 
                 LMA/IDMA 
                 50/50 
                 49,100 
                 26.8 
               
               
                 18 
                 LMA/MMA 
                 86.2/13.2 
                 47,900 
                 74.0 
               
               
                 19 
                 LMA/MMA 
                 90/10 
                 47,900 
                 74.0 
               
               
                 20 
                 LMA/NVP 
                 90/10 
                 68,800 
                 30.2 
               
               
                 21 
                 LMA/NVP 
                 80/20 
                 68,000 
                 34.8 
               
               
                 22 
                 SMA/DMAEMA 
                 95/5 
                 49,200 
                 29.3 
               
               
                 23 
                 SMA/DMAEMA 
                 90/10 
                 50,600 
                 29.3 
               
               
                 24 
                 SMA/DMAEMA 
                 80/20 
                 52,300 
                 29.1 
               
               
                 25 
                 SMA/DMAPMAm 
                 95/5 
                 44,400 
                 29.4 
               
               
                 26 
                 SMA/DMAPMAm 
                 95/5 
                 77,700 
                 28.7 
               
               
                 27 
                 SMA/DMAPMAm 
                 90/10 
                 35,300 
                 22.7 
               
               
                 28 
                 SMA/DMAPMAm 
                 90/10 
                 88,200 
                 28.0 
               
               
                 29 
                 SMA/DMAPMAm 
                 90/10 
                 94,000 
                 29.3 
               
               
                 30 
                 SMA/DMAPMAm 
                 80/20 
                 20,600 
                 29.6 
               
               
                 31 
                 SMA/DMAPMAm 
                 80/20 
                 25,600 
                 27.9 
               
               
                 32 
                 SMA/DMAPMAm 
                 70/30 
                 20,000 
                 28.9 
               
               
                 33 
                 SMA/DMAPMAm 
                 60/40 
                 17,600 
                 30.2 
               
               
                 34 
                 SMA/DMAPMAm 
                 85/15 
                 18,600 
                 28.8 
               
               
                 35 
                 SMA/DMAPMAm 
                 85/15 
                 20,800 
                 30.3 
               
               
                 36 
                 SMA/DMAPMAm 
                 85/15 
                 22,000 
                 30.0 
               
               
                 37 
                 SMA/DMAPMAm 
                 85/15 
                 27,600 
                 27.9 
               
               
                 38 
                 SMA/DMAPMAm (5% grafted) 
                 90/5/5 
                 50,600 
                 28.5 
               
               
                 39 
                 SMA/DMAPMAm (toluene) 
                 90/10 
                 27,200 
                 51.4 
               
               
                 40 
                 SMA/IDMA 
                 50/50 
                 56,600 
                 30.8 
               
               
                 41 
                 SMA/IDMA/MMA/HPMA 
                 30.3/60.7/4/5 
                 302,000  
                 47.0 
               
               
                 42 
                 SMA/IDMA/MMA/NVP 
                 30/56/10/4 
                 237,000  
                 47.5 
               
               
                 43 
                 SMA/MVI 
                 90/10 
                 73,900 
                 29.4 
               
               
                 44 
                 BehMA/LMA/DMAPMAm 
                 48/37/15 
                 28,500 
                 30.0 
               
               
                 45 
                 SMA/DMAPMAm 
                 85/15 
                 200,000  
                 30.0 
               
               
                 46 
                 SMA/DMAPMAm 
                 85/15 
                 180,000  
                 30.0 
               
               
                 47 
                 SMA/DMAPMAm 
                 85/15 
                 94,000 
                 30.0 
               
               
                 48 
                 SMA/DMAPMAm 
                 85/15 
                 85,000 
                 30.0 
               
               
                 49 
                 SMA/DMAPMAm 
                 85/15 
                 43,000 
                 30.0 
               
               
                 50 
                 SMA/LMA/NVP 
                 31.5/58.5/10 
                 46,700 
                 48.7 
               
               
                 51 
                 SMA/DMAPMAm 
                 85/15 
                 25,900 
               
               
                 52 
                 SMA/LMA/DMAPMAm 
                 31.5/58.5/10 
                 28,600 
               
               
                 53 
                 SMA/DMAPMAm 
                 85/15 
                 25,900 
                 48.9 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 3 
     Preparation and exaluation of dispersions of pesticides. 
     Compositions tested were typically: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Pesticide solids 
                 50 parts 
               
               
                   
                 Polymer solids* 
                 0 to 5.0 parts 
               
               
                   
                 Orchex 796 oil 
                 42 to 50 parts 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 *provided in oil as 27% to 74% solids  
               
            
           
         
       
     
     All samples in Table 3 were prepared either at 0%, denoted as “none” for Polymer No. or at 5% by weight of polymer solids, except for experiments with Polymer No. 18 which was incorporated at 2% polymer solids by weight. Polymer was weighed into a tared stainless steel beaker and then Orchex 796 oil was added. The mixture was hand mixed with a spatula. Pesticide was weighed onto weighing paper and slowly added to the polymer/oil mixture with stirring. The mixture was hand mixed thoroughly with a spatula. 
     Samples too viscous to homogenize directly and dry flowable compositions were pre-dispersed before homogenization. The sample was run until it was a well mixed and flowable mixture. 
     All samples were homogenized using a a Silverson Model L4R homogenizer. The power dial was slowly increased to ⅔ power. Samples made from technicals and wettable powders were homogenized for 10 minutes. Dry flowables were homogenized until the granules appeared uniformly dispersed. Samples were also mixed during homogenization by gently swirling the sample container. Samples were evaluated as free flowing liquid (reported as “ok”) or gelling (reported as “gel”). 
     Bead (Eiger) milling was carried out for for those compositions starting with course particle size pesticides. The 50 ml Eiger mill (Model M50 from Eiger Machinery, Inc.) was loaded with 45 ml of 1 mm glass beads into the bead chamber. Cooling water was turned on. 2.54 cm (one inch) of sample was poured into the sample funnel. The mill was run with the sample mixture for one minute at 3500 rpm. The sample was discharged into a waste container and blown-out to push additional sample from the mill. The remaining sample was added to the sample funnel. The sample was milled for ten to thirty minutes at 3500 rpm. This treatment was believed to be sufficient to provide a dispersion of pesticide having a particle size of 0.5-10 microns. The sample was discharged immediately if there were signs of severe gelling (reported as “gel”). After milling the sample was discharged into a container. Evaluation for successful preparations was based upon examination initially and, if acceptable initially, after one week at 54° C. storage. Testing included: 
     1) Appearance—Samples were evaluated as free flowing liquid (reported as “ok”) or gelling (reported as “gel”). 
     2) Viscosity—The sample was cooled to room temperature. The sample was stirred with a metal spatula for 40 seconds. Viscosity was measured using Brookfield Viscometer LVT, number 3 spindle, and speed setting knob at 60/3. The average of two readings was reported. 
     3) Storage stability—After one week of storage at 54° C., the sample was removed from the oven and allowed to cool to room temperature. The sample was examined for gelling and separation. If sample separated, the ratio of the top layer to the bottom layer was recorded as percentage separation. A metal spatula was inserted into material and the bottom of the container was probed. The spatula was examined for adhered sticky sediment, and recorded if found. The viscosity of samples that were not badly gelled or separated was measured as above and recorded. 
     Properties examined: 
     Initially: 
     appearance—mixture either liquid or gel; desire no gelling 
     viscosity—desire less than 2000 cps, 
     preferably less than 1000 cps 
     After storage for 2 weeks at 54° C.: 
     appearance—mixture either liquid or gel; desire no gelling 
     viscosity—desire less than 2000 cps, 
     preferably less than 1000 cps 
     % separation—top clear liquid separation; desire less than 10%. 
     sedimentation—sticky sediment on the bottom of jar; desire none. 
     Results were classified by the following key words, which are listed in order of decreasing performance: 
     ok=Liquid, &lt;1000 cps viscosity, &lt;10% sep, no sediment 
     sep=Separation greater than 10% after storage. 
     visc1=Viscosity above 1000 cps before storage. 
     visc2=Viscosity above 1000 cps after storage. 
     sed=Sedimentation severe enough to affect viscosity. movement to pass) 
     bead=gels during or after bead milling (sample must have fluid movement to pass) 
     gel=Immediately or after homogenization (sample must have fluid pass) 
     Oil suspensions that exhibit gelling in the homogenizer or bead mill are not acceptable. All others are acceptable, but in varying degrees of quality. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Testing of Polymer Dispersions 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Active 
                 Polymer 
                 Homo- 
                   
                 Appear- 
                   
                 Appear- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Sample ID 
                 Ingredient 
                 No. 
                 genizer 
                 Bead Mill 
                 ance 
                 Viscosity 
                 ance 
                 Visc. 
                 % Sep 
                 Sed 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Dithane 
                 none 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 Da 
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 D-1 
                 Dithane 
                 4 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 330 
                 ok 
                 220 
                 3 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 D-2 
                 Dithane 
                 18 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 270 
                 ok 
                 300 
                 2 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Dithane 
                 12 
                 ok 
                 gel 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 Db 
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Dithane 
                 15 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 Dc 
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 D-3 
                 Dithane 
                 32 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 380 
                 ok 
                 350 
                 1 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 D-4 
                 Dithane 
                 9 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 320 
                 sep 
                 n/a 
                 5 
                 yes 
               
               
                   
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 D-5 
                 Dithane 
                 31 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 240 
                 ok 
                 320 
                 2 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 D-6 
                 Dithane 
                 36 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 310 
                 ok 
                 450 
                 2 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 D-7 
                 Dithane 
                 37 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 350 
                 ok 
                 300 
                 2 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 D-8 
                 Dithane 
                 29 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 810 
                 ok 
                 730 
                 1 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 D-9 
                 Dithane 
                 28 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 790 
                 ok 
                 1300 
                 1 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 D-10 
                 Dithane 
                 44 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 130 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 0 
                 yes 
               
               
                   
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 Comp Dd 
                 Dithane 
                 45 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 690 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 2 
                 no 
               
               
                   
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 Comp De 
                 Dithane 
                 46 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 540 
                 ok 
                 1880 
                 2 
                 no 
               
               
                   
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 D-13 
                 Dithane 
                 47 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 510 
                 ok 
                 860 
                 5 
                 no 
               
               
                   
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 D-14 
                 Dithane 
                 48 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 410 
                 ok 
                 630 
                 2 
                 slight 
               
               
                   
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 D-15 
                 Dithane 
                 49 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 300 
                 ok 
                 240 
                 2 
                 slight 
               
               
                   
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 D-16 
                 Dithane 
                 38 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 230 
                 ok 
                 230 
                 3 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 D-17 
                 Dithane 
                 21 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 620 
                 ok 
                 845 
                 2 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 D-18 
                 Dithane 
                 20 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 370 
                 ok 
                 190 
                 2 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 D-19 
                 Dithane 
                 23 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 260 
                 ok 
                 250 
                 2 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 D-20 
                 Dithane 
                 41 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 590 
                 ok 
                 440 
                 1 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 D-21 
                 Dithane 
                 43 
                 ok 
                 gel 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                   
                 M 45-T 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Gallery75df 
                 none 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 Ga 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Gallery75df 
                 18 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 780 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 0 
                 none 
               
               
                 Gb 
               
               
                 G-1 
                 Gallery75df 
                 36 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 430 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 50 
                 yes 
               
               
                 G-2 
                 Gallery75df 
                 28 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 540 
                 ok 
                 720 
                 2 
                 none 
               
               
                 G-3 
                 Gallery75df 
                 25 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 390 
                 ok 
                 1250 
                 1 
                 none 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Imidan70wp 
                 none 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 1a 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Imidan70wp 
                 18 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 1b 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Imidan70wp 
                 12 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 1c 
               
               
                 I-1 
                 Imidan70wp 
                 15 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 1200 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 1 
                 none 
               
               
                 I-2 
                 Imidan70wp 
                 36 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 300 
                 sep 
                 n/a 
                 25 
                 yes 
               
               
                 I-3 
                 Imidan70wp 
                 28 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 500 
                 sep 
                 900 
                 5 
                 none 
               
               
                 I-4 
                 Imidan70wp 
                 25 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 340 
                 sep 
                 470 
                 2 
                 none 
               
               
                 I-5 
                 Imidan70wp 
                 23 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 290 
                 sep 
                 350 
                 5 
                 none 
               
               
                 I-6 
                 Imidan70wp 
                 43 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 500 
                 sep 
                 n/a 
                 33 
                 yes 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Kerb50w 
                 none 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 Ka 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Kerb50w 
                 4 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 Kb 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Kerb50w 
                 18 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 Kc 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Kerb50w 
                 12 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 Kd 
               
               
                 Comp Ke 
                 Kerb50w 
                 15 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 630 
                 sep 
                 650 
                 7 
                 none 
               
               
                 K-1 
                 Kerb50w 
                 36 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 240 
                 sep 
                 320 
                 10 
                 none 
               
               
                 K-2 
                 Kerb50w 
                 28 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 260 
                 sep 
                 340 
                 7 
                 none 
               
               
                 K-3 
                 Kerb50w 
                 25 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 420 
                 ok 
                 630 
                 0 
                 none 
               
               
                 K-4 
                 Kerb50w 
                 23 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 1040 
                 ok 
                 1600 
                 0 
                 none 
               
               
                 K-5 
                 Kerb50w 
                 43 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 580 
                 ok 
                 820 
                 0 
                 none 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 IndarWP75 
                 none 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 IWPa 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 IndarWP75 
                 12 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 IWPb 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 IndarWP75 
                 18 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 IWPc 
               
               
                 IWP-1 
                 IndarWP75 
                 23 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 510 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 none 
                 none 
               
               
                 IWP-2 
                 IndarWP75 
                 31 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 520 
                 ok 
                 900 
                 2 
                 none 
               
               
                 IWP-3 
                 IndarWP75 
                 36 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 450 
                 ok 
                 980 
                 2 
                 none 
               
               
                 IWP-4 
                 IndarWP75 
                 43 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 690 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Indar 
                 none 
                 ok 
                 gel 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 Ia 
                 tech 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Indar 
                 40 
                 ok 
                 gel 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 Ib 
                 tech 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Indar 
                 12 
                 ok 
                 gel 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 Ic 
                 tech 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Indar 
                 15 
                 ok 
                 gel 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 Id 
                 tech 
               
               
                 I-1 
                 Indar 
                 31 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 520 
                 ok 
                 670 
                 none 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 tech 
               
               
                 I-2 
                 Indar 
                 30 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 620 
                 ok 
                 620 
                 none 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 tech 
               
               
                 I-3 
                 Indar 
                 44 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 650 
                 ok 
                 1100 
                 0 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 tech 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Indar 
                 45 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 780 
                 ok 
                 520 
                 0 
                 none 
               
               
                 Ie 
                 tech 
               
               
                 Comp If 
                 Indar 
                 46 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 760 
                 ok 
                 620 
                 0 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 tech 
               
               
                 I-4 
                 Indar 
                 47 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 600 
                 ok 
                 500 
                 0 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 tech 
               
               
                 I-5 
                 Indar 
                 48 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 550 
                 ok 
                 380 
                 0 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 tech 
               
               
                 I-6 
                 Indar 
                 49 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 480 
                 ok 
                 360 
                 0 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 tech 
               
               
                 I-7 
                 Indar 
                 36 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 350 
                 ok 
                 515 
                 none 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 tech 
               
               
                 I-8 
                 Indar 
                 11 
                 ok 
                 gel 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                   
                 tech 
               
               
                 I-9 
                 Indar 
                 1 
                 ok 
                 gel 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                   
                 tech 
               
               
                 I-10 
                 Indar 
                 2 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 1500 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 none 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 tech 
               
               
                 I-11 
                 Indar 
                 5 
                 ok 
                 gel 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                   
                 tech 
               
               
                 I-12 
                 Indar 
                 27 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 650 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 none 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 tech 
               
               
                 I-13 
                 indar 
                 29 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 680 
                 ok 
                 620 
                 none 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 tech 
               
               
                 I-14 
                 Indar 
                 28 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 600 
                 ok 
                 490 
                 none 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 tech 
               
               
                 I-15 
                 Indar 
                 39 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 790 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 none 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 tech 
               
               
                 I-16 
                 Indar 
                 14 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 1520 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 none 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 tech 
               
               
                 I-17 
                 Indar 
                 26 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 960 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 none 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 tech 
               
               
                 I-18 
                 Indar 
                 38 
                 ok 
                 gel 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                   
                 tech 
               
               
                 I-19 
                 Indar 
                 20 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                   
                 tech 
               
               
                 I-20 
                 Indar 
                 24 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 1680 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 none 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 tech 
               
               
                 I-21 
                 Indar 
                 43 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 580 
                 ok 
                 800 
                 none 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 tech 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Systhane 
                 4 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 SWPa 
                 40wp 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Systhane 
                 18 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 SWPb 
                 40wp 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Systhane 
                 12 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 SWPc 
                 40wp 
               
               
                 SWP-1 
                 Systhane 
                 31 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 470 
                 ok 
                 370 
                 3% 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 40wp 
               
               
                 SWP-2 
                 Systhane 
                 1 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                   
                 40wp 
               
               
                 SWP-3 
                 Systhane 
                 36 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 530 
                 ok 
                 390 
                 3 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 40wp 
               
               
                 SWP-4 
                 Systhane 
                 29 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 1010 
                 ok 
                 1700 
                 none 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 40wp 
               
               
                 SWP-5 
                 Systhane 
                 44 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 390 
                 ok 
                 380 
                 0 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 40wp 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Systhane 
                 45 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 980 
                 ok 
                 1670 
                 0 
                 none 
               
               
                 SWPd 
                 40wp 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Systhane 
                 46 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 840 
                 ok 
                 1700 
                 0 
                 none 
               
               
                 SWPe 
                 40wp 
               
               
                 SWP-6 
                 Systhane 
                 47 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 550 
                 ok 
                 1460 
                 0 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 40wp 
               
               
                 SWP-7 
                 Systhane 
                 48 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 600 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                   
                 40wp 
               
               
                 SWP-8 
                 Systhane 
                 49 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 220 
                 sep 
                 300 
                 20 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 40wp 
               
               
                 SWP-9 
                 Systhane 
                 25 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 630 
                 ok 
                 690 
                 0 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 40wp 
               
               
                 SWP-9 
                 Systhane 
                 23 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                   
                 40wp 
               
               
                 SWP-10 
                 Systhane 
                 7 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                   
                 40wp 
               
               
                 SWP-11 
                 Systhane 
                 43 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 790 
                 ok 
                 790 
                 none 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 40wp 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 T-chloro- 
                 none 
                 ok 
                 gel 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 TCa 
                 thalonil 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 T-chloro- 
                 4 
                 ok 
                 gel 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 TCb 
                 thalonil 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 T-chloro- 
                 18 
                 ok 
                 gel 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 TCc 
                 thalonil 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 T-chloro- 
                 12 
                 ok 
                 gel 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 TCd 
                 thalonil 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 T-chloro- 
                 15 
                 ok 
                 gel 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 TCe 
                 thalonil 
               
               
                 TC-1 
                 T-chloro- 
                 31 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 160 
                 sep 
                 n/a 
                 0 
                 yes 
               
               
                   
                 thalonil 
               
               
                 TC-2 
                 T-chloro- 
                 36 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 160 
                 sep 
                 n/a 
                 0 
                 yes 
               
               
                   
                 thalonil 
               
               
                 TC-3 
                 T-chloro- 
                 28 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 250 
                 sep 
                 n/a 
                 0 
                 yes 
               
               
                   
                 thalonil 
               
               
                 TC-4 
                 T-chloro- 
                 25 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 240 
                 ok 
                 170 
                 0 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 thalonil 
               
               
                 TC-5 
                 T-chloro- 
                 23 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 340 
                 ok 
                 180 
                 0 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 thalonil 
               
               
                 TC-6 
                 T-chloro- 
                 20 
                 ok 
                 gel 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                   
                 thalonil 
               
               
                 TC-7 
                 T-chloro- 
                 43 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 ok 
                 80 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 0 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 thalonil 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Thifluz- 
                 none 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 Ta 
                 amide 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Thifluz- 
                 18 
                 get 
                 n/a 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 Tb 
                 amide 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Thifluz- 
                 4 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 Tc 
                 amide 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Thifluz- 
                 12 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 Td 
                 amide 
               
               
                 Comp 
                 Thifluz- 
                 15 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 Te 
                 amide 
               
               
                 T-1 
                 Thifluz- 
                 36 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 560 
                 ok 
                 985 
                 1 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 amide 
               
               
                 T-2 
                 Thifluz- 
                 28 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 820 
                 ok 
                 1530 
                 2 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 amide 
               
               
                 T-3 
                 Thifluz- 
                 25 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 790 
                 ok 
                 1150 
                 2 
                 none 
               
               
                   
                 amide 
               
               
                 T-4 
                 Thifluz- 
                 22 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                   
                 amide 
               
               
                 T-5 
                 Thifluz- 
                 43 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                   
                 amide 
               
               
                 Comp Va 
                 Visor50w 
                 none 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 Comp Vb 
                 Visor50w 
                 4 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 Comp Vc 
                 Visor50w 
                 18 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 Comp Vd 
                 Visor50w 
                 12 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 Comp Ve 
                 Visor50w 
                 15 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 V-1 
                 Visor50w 
                 44 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 400 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 2 
                 none 
               
               
                 Comp Vf 
                 Visor50w 
                 45 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 860 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 1 
                 none 
               
               
                 Comp Vg 
                 Visor50w 
                 46 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 820 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 1 
                 none 
               
               
                 V-2 
                 Visor50w 
                 47 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 600 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 1 
                 none 
               
               
                 V-3 
                 Visor50w 
                 48 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 580 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 1 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 V-4 
                 Visor50w 
                 49 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 1400 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 1 
                 none 
               
               
                 V-5 
                 Visor50w 
                 36 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 580 
                 ok 
                 480 
                 4 
                 none 
               
               
                 V-6 
                 Visor50w 
                 28 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 570 
                 ok 
                 1100 
                 2 
                 none 
               
               
                 V-7 
                 Visor50w 
                 25 
                 ok 
                 n/a 
                 ok 
                 380 
                 ok 
                 660 
                 0 
                 none 
               
               
                 V-8 
                 Visor50w 
                 23 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                 V-9 
                 Visor50w 
                 43 
                 gel 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
                 n/a 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 4 
     Preparation and evaluation of Goal (oxyfluorfen) oil dispersion 
     10% Polymer No. 50, 42% Goal 95 Technical, 43% 100 neutral oil, and 5% Latron CS-7 (adjuvant-surfactant; from Rohm and Haas Company) were homogenized together and then Eiger milled for 30 minutes. A satisfactory dispersion was produced. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     Preparation and evaluation of Goal/Glyphosate oil dispersion 
     A mixture of 3.35% of Goal (oil flowable), 53.65% Glyphosate, 3.5% Polymer No. 51, 34.5% 100N neutral oil and 5% Triton X-114 were weighed into a ceramic jar. Quarter inch ceramic milling media was then added to the ceramic jar. The ceramic jar was placed on a roller and ball milled at 40 rpm for seventy hours. A satisfactory dispersion was produced. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     Preparation and evaluation of RH 7281 dispersion 
     A mixture of 40% RH7281 benzamide, 3% Polymer No. 52, and 57% 100 N neutral oil were blended together, homogenized and Eiger milled according to the method of Example 3. A sample of the composition was stored in the laboratory at ambient temperature for seven months and appeared uniform with no separation. 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     Preparation and evaluation of glyphosate dispersion 
     A sample of glyphosate isopropyl ammonium salt was jet air milled to a particle size of 2-5 microns. A sample of 45.0 g the glyphosate isopropyl ammonium salt, 3.5 g. Polymer No. 53, and 47.85 Chevron 100 neutral oil were mixed in a beaker and homogenized in a beaker for 2-3 minutes using a Ultra-Turrax T25 homogenizer (made by Janke &amp; Kunke). The product dispersion was acceptable; it was a free-flowing off-white fluid with no gelling. Viscosity was 303 cps at 25° C. (Brookfield viscometer, Spindle #1, 100 rpm). 
     EXAMPLE 8 
     Preparation and evaluation of Dithane/cymoxanil dispersion 
     A mixture of 50 parts of Dithane technical grade (86% a.i.), 6 parts of cymoxanil (95% a.i.), and 5 parts Polymer sample No. 36 made up to 100 parts with Orchex 796 oil was prepared. The mixture was homogenized for 5 minutes and bead milled for 5 minutes. A uniform dispersion with a viscosity of 2000 cps resulted. After one week at 40° C. the dispersion had a viscosity of 2500 cps. 
     EXAMPLE 9 
     Preparation and evaluation of Dithane/copper hydroxide dispersion 
     A mixture of 30 parts of Dithane technical grade (86% a.i.), 28 parts of copper hydroxide (65% copper) and 5 parts Polymer sample No. 36 made up to 100 parts with Orchex 796 oil was prepared. The mixture was homogenized for 5 minutes and bead milled for 5 minutes. A uniform dispersion with a viscosity of 1500 cps resulted. After one week at 40° C. the dispersion had a viscosity of 1700 cps.