Patent Publication Number: US-9417027-B2

Title: Archery torque reduction grip apparatus, system and method

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims domestic priority benefit from pending provisional application U.S. 61/915,697 filed Dec. 13, 2013. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Although the practice of archery dates back thousands of years, it was not until fairly recently that we have witnessed substantial improvements in the primary tool used to propel the arrow, namely, the bow. Yet, throughout the evolution of the bow, one feature has remained constant: the bow is still held by a human hand. Because of this simple fact, there is always the potential for the human hand to introduce unwanted torque to the bow, by way of the grip/handle, and thus reduce the accuracy with which the arrow is propelled toward its target. It is desirable to be able to control and minimize this unwanted torque to the greatest degree possible. 
     If a torqueing hand pressure is applied during the rearward drawing motion, upon releasing the bowstring the handle/riser element of the bow will immediately twist in the direction of this torque. This in turn will cause the arrow which is still in contact with the arrow rest and the drawstring to be propelled in a direction other than the sighted direction, rendering the shot inaccurate. 
     There is no denying that bow manufacturers, by means of superior technologies and materials, have made great strides in combatting bow torque. One of the most notable changes has been simply slimming down and reducing in size, the bow grip/handle itself. The rationale for this is that by reducing the surface area over which the human hand contacts the grip, one simultaneously reduces the potential for bow torque. It is also widely accepted by most archers that a loose, relaxed hand grip is desirable for reducing or eliminating bow torque. 
     But not all archers agree with one or both of the strategies of employing a reduced-contact handle or a looser grip. Not so long ago, the trend in bow grips was to offer a more sculpted grip designed to fit the user&#39;s hand “like a glove,” enabling the archer to quickly obtain a consistent hand placement which is a key to accuracy regardless of the grip style used. 
     While there can be little doubt that with practice, discipline, and proper equipment, an archer can successfully execute an accurate shot with a bow, the fact remains that bow toque continues to this day to be a substantial problem for archers. This is evidenced by witnessing a target archer meticulously and methodically place their open hand on the bow grip to search for the “sweet spot” before each shot. Target shooters are well aware that even if a loose, relaxed grip is employed, the lower, fleshy portion of the palm can by itself introduce torqueing, causing a rebounding effect after the string is released. This torqueing, no matter how minimal, can be devastating to accuracy, especially for longer distance shots which greatly magnify the applied torque. 
     It is therefore very desirable to provide a torque-reducing grip that can be used in modern compound and recurve bows. Compound bows are bows which incorporate one or more wheels, cams and cables, while recurve bows employ a string-only system, often with a non-wood riser. 
     In particular, it is highly desirable, when the bow system is drawn into in a drawn state, to enable the outer bow grip to rotate over a limited angular range relative to the inner bow handle so as to minimize torqueing. 
     It is also very desirable, when the bow system is in an undrawn state, to ensure that outer bow grip is prevented from rotating relative to the inner bow handle. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Disclosed herein is an archery bow system apparatus and related methods for reducing bow torque, comprising: an outer bow grip; and an inner bow handle enclosed by the outer bow grip; wherein: when the bow system is in an undrawn state, the outer bow grip is prevented from rotating relative to the inner bow handle; and when the bow system is drawn into in a drawn state, the outer bow grip is enabled to rotate over a limited angular range relative to the inner bow handle. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The features of the invention believed to be novel are set forth in the appended claims. The invention, however, together with further objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing(s) summarized below. 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a side plan view of a bow system which includes applicant&#39;s invention, in a non-drawn position. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a side plan view of the bow system of  FIG. 1 , in a drawn position. 
         FIG. 3  is a magnified side plan view of  FIG. 1  detailing the relative relationship between an outer bow grip and an inner bow handle when the bow system is in the non-drawn position of  FIG. 1 , together with a projection showing a top cross-sectional schematic view of this relationship. 
         FIG. 4  is a magnified side plan view of  FIG. 2  detailing the relative relationship between the outer bow grip and the inner bow handle when the bow system is in the drawn position of  FIG. 2 , together with a projection showing a top cross-sectional schematic view of this relationship. 
         FIG. 5  is a top-down cross sectional view taken over the plane designated as  5 - 5  in  FIG. 3 , and is a first preferred embodiment for the inventive principle schematically illustrated by the projection at the top of  FIG. 3  when the bow system is in the non-drawn position of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 6  is a top-down cross sectional view taken over the plane designated as  6 - 6  in  FIG. 4 , and is the first preferred embodiment for the inventive principle schematically illustrated by the projection at the top of  FIG. 4  when the bow system is in the drawn position of  FIG. 2 .  FIGS. 5 and 6  together thereby illustrate this first preferred embodiment respectively, in the non-drawn and drawn positions. 
         FIG. 7  is a top-down cross sectional view showing the outer bow grip of  FIGS. 5 and 6  all by itself, as a distinct element of the embodiment of  FIGS. 5 and 6 . Also added in this figure is a ball recess variation of a mating feature between the outer bow grip and the inner bow handle. 
         FIG. 8  is a top-down cross sectional view showing the inner bow handle of  FIGS. 5 and 6  all by itself, as a distinct element of the embodiment of  FIGS. 5 and 6 , in its uncompressed state of  FIGS. 3 and 5  which corresponds to an undrawn bowstring as in  FIG. 1 , and with the pressures that are applied to move this inner bow handle from the uncompressed state of  FIG. 8  to the compressed state of  FIG. 9 . Also added in this figure is retractable ball which mates with the ball recess of  FIG. 7 . 
         FIG. 9  is a top-down cross sectional view also showing the inner bow handle of  FIGS. 5 and 6  all by itself, as a distinct element of the embodiment of  FIGS. 5 and 6 , but in its compressed state of  FIGS. 4 and 6  which corresponds to a drawn bowstring as in  FIG. 2 , also with applied pressures. 
         FIG. 10  is a plan view of a split ring embodiment of a flexible aperture element used in accordance with several embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 11  further details the views of  FIGS. 3 and 4  in the embodiments of  FIGS. 8 and 9 , and in particular, to show the placement of one or more (preferably two) spring cartridges within the inner bow handle as well as the movement of a pin and pin head in and out of the spring cartridge in accordance with the draw state of the bow system. 
         FIG. 12  is a variation on the non-drawn position illustration of  FIG. 5 , which includes an optional flexible aperture element and an optional rotation damper. 
         FIG. 13  is a variation on the drawn position illustration of  FIG. 6 , which includes the optional flexible aperture element and optional rotation damper. 
         FIG. 14  is a side plan view illustrating a first alternative preferred embodiment for the spring mechanism of the invention, when the invention is in a non-drawn position. 
         FIG. 15  is a side plan view the first alternative spring mechanism embodiment of  FIG. 14  when the invention is in a drawn position. 
         FIG. 16  is a side plan view illustrating a second alternative preferred embodiment for the spring mechanism of the invention, when the invention is in a non-drawn position. 
         FIG. 17  is a side plan view the second alternative spring mechanism embodiment of  FIG. 16  when the invention is in a drawn position. 
         FIG. 18  is a top-down cross sectional view taken over the plane designated as  18 - 18  in  FIG. 3 , and is a second preferred embodiment for the inventive principle schematically illustrated by the projection at the top of  FIG. 3  when the bow system is in the non-drawn position of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 19  is a top-down cross sectional view taken over the plane designated as  19 - 19  in  FIG. 4 , and is the second preferred embodiment for the inventive principle schematically illustrated by the projection at the top of  FIG. 4  when the bow system is in the drawn position of  FIG. 2 .  FIGS. 5 and 6  together thereby illustrate this second preferred embodiment respectively, in the non-drawn and drawn positions. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1 through 6 , the objective of reducing bow torque is achieved by attaching an independent outer bow grip  11  to the main handle/riser element  31  of the bow  12  which outer bow grip  11  is slightly larger than, yet largely minors and mates with in a manner to be disclosed in detail here, the cross-sectional profile/shape of an inner bow handle  31 . In particular, from a cross-sectional view, this mating provides a continuous air space between the outer bow grip  11  and the inner bow handle  31 , with the exception of two carefully designed connection/contact points. As seen in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , these two connection points comprise, for example not limitation, a spherical or concave tipped shaft or pin  34  which protrudes out from the archer&#39;s side of the inner bow handle  31  and connects to the inside of the outer bow grip  11  by seating or snapping into a slightly-larger conformed socket or pin aperture  35  ( FIG. 10 ) of corresponding shape, providing for relatively frictionless pivoting to occur between the outer bow grip  11  and the inner bow handle  31 . Further, and very centrally, this pivoting is enabled to occur only when the bow is in a drawn position but not when it is in a non-drawn position. In other words, the outer bow grip  11  and inner bow handle  31  are relatively configured so as to enable a smooth, substantially frictionless pivoting between the outer bow grip  11  and inner bow handle  31  when the bow system  1  is drawn backward ready to fire, but to prevent any relative pivoting whatsoever when the bow system  1  is released into a non-drawn position. In the non-drawn (post or pre-drawn) position, the outer bow grip  11  and inner bow handle  31  appear to be one and the same with no relative pivoting motion between them, while in the drawn position, a smooth, substantially frictionless pivot is enabled to occur. 
     The aforementioned tipped shaft or pin  34 , in one of several preferred alternative embodiments, is part of a self-contained spring cartridge  51  which is inserted into the inner bow handle  31 . This is preferably built into the bow  12  and particularly the bow handle  31  as part of the bow manufacturing process. While this disclosure illustrates and will be developed with a spring cartridge  51 , it is to be understood that this is exemplary, not limiting. One may employ a simple spring with or without a spring cartridge. Or, one may employ a spring or any equivalent apparatus which exerts an outward force when pressed inward from an expanded position thereof and returns to said expanded position when said inward pressing is relieved. Two such variations are illustrated in  FIGS. 14 through 17 . Additionally, for example, not limitation, one can alternatively use a pair of magnets in a channel, with like-poles oriented such that the magnets repel to effectuate the outward force exertion of a spring. 
     It is upon drawing the bowstring  13  backwards that the torque-free characteristics of applicant&#39;s invention are actuated. When the bowstring  13  draws backwards, the user&#39;s hand will inherently press the outer bow grip  11  forward relative to the inner bow handle  31 , reconfiguring the relative relationship between the two. The reconfiguration is designed to enable a free-floating pivot  33  between the outer bow grip  11  and the inner bow handle  31 , about a fulcrum  41 . The “feel” of this free pivot is telegraphed to the archer&#39;s hand, ensuring that no torque is being applied (and more precisely, ensuring that any rotation applied to the outer bow grip  11  does not translate into any torque on the inner bow handle  31 ), while still channeling hand pressure to the exact center of the inner bow handle  31  via the reconfiguration of outer bow grip  11  and inner bow handle  31  relationship. After the bowstring  13  is released, due to the decompression of the compressible spring cartridge  51 , the outer bow grip  11  will return to the pre-draw stationary position and there will no longer be any relative rotation permitted between the outer bow grip  11  and the inner bow handle  31 . 
     Now, let us review the apparatus and method of this invention in detail. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a plan view of a bow system  1  which includes applicant&#39;s invention, in a non-drawn position. Specifically,  FIG. 1  illustrates an outer bow grip  11  forming part of the bow  12 . Toward the right side of this figure one sees a bowstring  13  which as will easily be recognized, is in a non-drawn position. Although the bow system  1  in this illustration is a compound bow system, this is merely an exemplary bow system, and is in no way limiting as regards the applicability of the disclosed invention. This invention may be used as part of any and all bow systems, whether they are compound bow systems, recurve bow systems, or any other type of bow system. It will also be recognized that when this bow system is used to shoot at a target, the flight direction of the arrow (not shown) will be from right to left, along the direction-of-flight arrow  14 . This direction-of-flight arrow  14  will be used throughout all of the other figures as a visual aid to establish a consistent directional orientation so the reader of this disclosure may better understand the nature and operation of this invention. Also identified is a forward hand-pressure region  16  which, as will be appreciated by anybody of ordinary skill, is where the archer&#39;s forward hand will exert forward pressure on outer bow grip  11  when the bowstring  13  is drawn backwards. 
     The invention is based upon the manner in which the outer bow grip  11  works in relation to an inner bow handle  31  which is enclosed therein and therefore visually hidden by thereby. The encircled area  15  containing outer bow grip  11  will be magnified and shown in more detail in  FIGS. 3 and 4 , and will depict inner bow handle  31  using a hidden line illustration. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a plan view of the bow system  1  of  FIG. 1 , now in a drawn position. This is plainly evident by the fact that bowstring  13  is pulled backwards to form a sideways “v” at a rear arrow location  21  where the rear of an arrow (not shown) would contact the bowstring  13  when the latter is pulled back into the drawn position. The forward portions of the arrow would in turn rest upon an arrow rest  22 , as should also be plainly evident. 
     It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill that when the bow system is in the drawn position of  FIG. 2 , for a right-handed archer the archer&#39;s right hand will be pulling backwards at rear arrow location  21  with a certain amount of force, while the archer&#39;s left hand will be pressing forward against the rear of outer bow grip  11  proximate forward hand-pressure region  16  with an equal and opposite amount of force. For a left-handed archer the aforementioned is reversed. Thus, to be perfectly general, we shall simply henceforth refer to the archer&#39;s “forward hand” and “rear hand.” 
     It is particularly important to note that when the bow system  1  is in such a drawn position, the archer&#39;s forward hand will apply a forward pressure against outer bow grip  11  at forward hand-pressure region  16 , which pressure during the backwards draw of bowstring  13  will be equal in magnitude and opposite in vector direction to the strength of the bow system  1  at various points of draw. For example, if the particular bow system has a forty (40) pound draw when fully drawn, then the archer&#39;s forward hand will inherently apply forty (40) pounds of forward pressure against outer bow grip  11  at forward hand-pressure region  16 . (The use of pounds as a weight measure is exemplary and in no way limiting as to like-measurements in kilograms.) Many modern bow systems are actually designed to vary the pressure during the draw to actually reduce the pressure at the very back of the draw. This pressure “let-off” enables the archer to maintain the bow system  1  in a drawn position for a prolonged period of time without tiring while waiting for just the right moment to release the arrow toward the target. Irrespective of the strength of a particular bow system  1  or any variations in strength at various positions of draw, the forward pressure at forward hand-pressure region  16  will, at any point along the draw, be equal and opposite to the bow system strength at the same point in the draw. So as soon as there is any resistance/strength introduced during the draw, a forward pressure equal to that resistance/strength will be applied at forward hand-pressure region  16 . 
     This is important, because it is central to how the invention is actuated and deactuated. Specifically, contrasting  FIGS. 1 and 2 , in the non-drawn configuration of  FIG. 1 , there will be no forward pressure at all against forward hand-pressure region  16 , while in the drawn configuration of  FIG. 2  as well as during the draw back into the  FIG. 2  configuration, there will be a definitive pressure against forward hand-pressure region  16  which is measured by the strength of the bow system  1  at any given point during the draw. This forward hand-pressure, which is an inherent feature of bow and arrow systems, is therefor used to press the outer bow grip  11  slightly forward relative to the rest of bow  12  when the bowstring  13  is drawn back, and it is this relative movement induced by the forward pressure of the archer&#39;s forward hand against forward hand-pressure region  16  which is central to actuating applicant&#39;s invention. Thus, if one closely contrasts the encircled  15  position of outer bow grip  11  relative to the rest of bow  12 , it will be seen that in  FIG. 2 , the outer bow grip  11  is pressed somewhat forward relative to its illustrated position in  FIG. 1 . 
     Having described the actuation of the invention, we may now explain its principle of operation, which is simply this: When the bow system is in a non-drawn configuration of  FIG. 1 , the outer bow grip  11  situates in a first position relative to the rest of bow  12 , which is illustrated in  FIG. 1 , and detailed in the magnified view  15  of  FIG. 3 . When the bow system is in a drawn configuration of  FIG. 2 , the outer bow grip  11  situates in a second position relative to the rest of bow  12 , which is illustrated in  FIG. 2 , and which is slightly forward in relation to the position illustrated in  FIG. 1 , as detailed in the magnified view  15  of  FIG. 4 . In the first position of  FIG. 1 , the outer bow grip  11  mates together relative to the rest of bow  12  so that there is no rotation permitted between outer bow grip  11  and the rest of bow  12 . In the second, slightly-forward position of  FIG. 2 , the outer bow grip  11  un-mates from the rest of bow  12  so as to permit a limited rotational freedom between the outer bow grip  11  and the bow  12  about the long axis of the bow  12 . It is this small degree of rotational freedom which serves to reduce torque and thus enhance the shooting accuracy of bow system  1 . 
     In particular, there are two aspects of what has just been described which, in combination, serve to enhance shooting accuracy. First, when the bowstring  13  is not drawn as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the outer bow grip  11  and the bow  12  are mated together with no relative rotation permitted between them, and so the bow system  1  has the precise feel of an ordinary bow system absent applicant&#39;s invention. Because there is no rotation at all between outer bow grip  11  and the bow  12 , the archer can set up for shooting in the customary manner. Were there to be a rotation permitted even in the undrawn position as is the case in the prior art, see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,966,124; 6,988,495; 7,708,004; and 8,783,239, this would make it difficult for the archer to properly set up for shooting, because even with a firm grip on outer bow grip  11 , there would be random pivotal moment of the bow  12  relative to the grip  11 . The absence of rotation in the non-draw position of the present invention, overcomes this prior art deficiency. 
     Second, once the bowstring  13  becomes drawn as illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the outer bow grip  11  becomes unmated from the bow  12  and a limited relative rotation is now permitted. At this point in time, although pivotal movement is enabled between outer bow grip  11  and bow  12 , the archer&#39;s front and rear hands still define between them, a directional line  14  toward the target, so any pivotal moment is no longer random but is instead a function of the archer&#39;s hand movements and relative hand positions. In the event the archer&#39;s forward hand does rotate slightly in one direction or another, the directional line  14  toward the target will remain established by the linear relation between the archer&#39;s front and rear hands, but importantly, will not be impacted by this posited rotation of the archer&#39;s front hand because that rotation will become absorbed in a rotation of the outer bow grip  11  relative to the bow  12 , and the bow  12  itself will not rotate at all but will have its linear aim determined solely by the linear relation between the archer&#39;s front and rear hands. 
     This is to be contrasted to an ordinary bow system in which a rotation of the archer&#39;s front hand is passed immediately through to the bow  12  and creates undesired torqueing. In the bow system  1  of the present invention, a rotation of the archer&#39;s front hand does not pass through to the bow  12 , but disappears in a rotation of the outer bow grip  11  relative to the bow  12 . In sum, this second aspect of the invention separates the linear degree of freedom defined by the line  14  between the archer&#39;s forward and rear hands from the rotational degree of freedom defined by any rotation of the archer&#39;s forward hand. Thus, shooting accuracy is enhanced because the direction of the shot is defined only by the line  14  between the archer&#39;s forward and rear hands and not by any torque-inducing rotation of the archer&#39;s front hand. That is, accuracy is enhanced by separating the linear from the rotational components of the archer&#39;s hand movements such that the direction of shooting is determined only by the relative linear relationship between the archer&#39;s two hands and not by any front-hand rotational components. 
     The novel and inventive combination of these two aspects of the invention just described forms the basis for an apparatus, system and method in which when the bow system is in an undrawn position, the outer bow grip  11  and the bow  12  are mated together such that there is no relative rotation permitted between them, while when the bowstring  13  is drawn so as to introduce a forward hand-pressure region against the outer bow grip  11 , the outer bow grip  11  and the bow  12  become unmated such that a limited relative rotation becomes permitted between them. The former undrawn configuration enables the archer to set up for a shot by gripping the outer bow grip  11  while it is firmly mated with the bow  12  thus permitting no random rotational movements therebetween. Then, simultaneously with the natural, inherent course of the draw, outer bow grip  11  becomes unmated from the bow  12  such that a rotational movement therebetween becomes permitted, wherein any rotation of the archer&#39;s front hand is absorbed into a rotation of the outer bow grip  11  about bow  12  without affecting the directional line  14  toward the target as between the archer&#39;s front and rear hands. In combination, all of this reduces or eliminates torqueing and thus improves shooting accuracy. 
     As described above, and as will now be further detailed, this invention is based upon the manner in which the outer bow grip  11  works in relation to the inner bow handle  31  which is enclosed therein. The inner bow handle  31  may also be referred to at times as the bow riser.  FIGS. 3 and 4  are magnified views of the encircled area  15  from  FIGS. 1 and 2 , detailing the relative relationship between outer bow grip  11  and inner bow handle  31  in, respectively, the non-drawn position of  FIG. 1  and the drawn position of  FIG. 2 . In these  FIGS. 3 and 4 , inner bow handle  31  is illustrated by hidden lines because it is enclosed by and so is visually hidden within outer bow grip  11 . As will be seen from  FIGS. 3 and 4 , inner bow handle  31  is integrally and unitarily fabricated with the bow  12 , connecting an upper portion of the bow  12  above outer bow grip  11  with a lower portion of the bow  12  below outer bow grip  11 . The sole difference between  FIGS. 3 and 4  is that in  FIG. 3 , the bow system  1  is not drawn, so there is no forward pressure on outer bow grip  11  at forward hand-pressure region  16 . Consequently, outer bow grip  11  is in a rearward position relative to bow  12  and inner bow handle  31  which position does not allow for any rotational/pivotal motion of outer bow grip  11  relative to bow  12  and inner bow handle  31  about the long vertical axis  32  of bow  12 . 
     In contrast, in  FIG. 4  the bow system  1  has been drawn, so as discussed in connection with  FIG. 2  there is a forward pressure on outer bow grip  11  at forward hand-pressure region  16 . As a consequence of this forward pressure, outer bow grip  11  has been pressed into a forward position relative to bow  12  and inner bow handle  31 , and this position now does allow a limited rotation/pivot motion of outer bow grip  11  relative to bow  12  and inner bow handle  31  about the long axis  32  of bow  12 . It is to be noted that  FIGS. 3 and 4  are not drawn to precise scale, but rather are drawn to emphasize the relative forward and back movement as between outer bow grip  11  and inner bow handle  31  depending upon the draw state of the bow system  1 . 
     Specifically, the rearward non-rotating position of  FIG. 1  for which the operative portion is magnified in  FIG. 3  connects/seats the outer bow grip  11  with the bow  12  and inner bow handle  31  so as to prevent (immobilize) any rotation therebetween; while the forward limited-rotation position of  FIG. 2  for which the operative portion is magnified in  FIG. 4  disconnects/unseats the outer bow grip  11  from the bow  12  so as to permit limited rotation therebetween. This is illustrated by the schematic projections at the top of  FIGS. 3 and 4  showing a top cross-sectional schematic view of the relationship between outer bow grip  11  and inner bow handle  31 . Specifically, in  FIG. 3 , one will take note of the projection line coincident with the long axis  32  of bow  12  which leads to a top-cross sectional view at the top of  FIG. 3  which will be further detailed in the preferred embodiment of  FIG. 5 . In  FIG. 3 , we see how outer bow grip  11  encloses inner bow handle  31  such that, in juxtaposition to  FIG. 4 , there is no rotation permitted between these two elements. So if outer bow grip  11  is aligned with the direction-of-flight toward the target as indicted by arrow  14 , the inner bow handle  31  will be commensurately aligned. In contrast, in  FIG. 4 , we schematically see how outer bow grip  11  has been pressed forward relative to and simultaneously become disconnected/unseated from inner bow handle  31  so that a relative rotation  33  is now enabled between these two elements about a fulcrum  41 , which will be further detailed in the preferred embodiment of  FIG. 6 . 
     To understand the main inventive principle of the invention, one will now observe that in the top projections of  FIG. 4 , the inner bow handle  31  and thus the bow  12  integral therewith is still shown to be fixed, i.e., not rotating. But now, the outer bow grip  11  is schematically shown to have a limited flexibility to rotate about the inner bow handle  31 , as designated by the rotational arc  33  about a rotational fulcrum  41 . This is a central point, because this is how any rotation from the archer&#39;s front hand is prevented from introducing torqueing. It is the relative relationship between the archer&#39;s front and rear hands which defines the direction-of-flight line  14  and that thus fixes the orientation of inner bow handle  31 , based on this relative hand alignment, toward the desired direction of flight  14 . Thus, if the archer&#39;s front hand should happen to rotate, all of that rotation becomes absorbed in the rotation of outer bow grip  11  along rotational arc  33  about fulcrum  41 , and is not telegraphed as a toque over to the inner bow handle  31  and thus to the bow  12 . Rather, it is desirable that the bow  12  remains in a fixed orientation along direction-of-flight line  14 . 
     It is the combination of  FIGS. 3 and 4 , wherein relative rotation of outer bow grip  11  about inner bow handle  31  and bow  12  is prevented in the undrawn state of  FIG. 3  but enabled (within a predetermined limited range) in the drawn state of  FIG. 4  which provides the novel and non-obvious functionality whereby the archer can set up to shoot with the bow system  1  in a state wherein the outer bow grip  11  and the bow  12  coact as one, while once the archer has drawn the bowstring  13 , the outer bow grip  11  is enabled to separate from and rotate within limited range about bow  12  in order to absorb any rotation from the archer&#39;s front hand and thus prevent torqueing. 
     While the limited range of rotation designated by angle  33  in this illustration of  FIG. 4  is shown to be five (5) degrees from the direction-of-flight line  14 , this is illustrative and non-limiting. It is envisioned that the invention may be embodied such that this predetermined limited range of rotation designated by angle  33  can be as large as forty five (45) degrees, or alternatively, as large as forty (40), thirty five (35), thirty (30), twenty five (25), twenty (20), fifteen (15), twelve (12), ten (10), eight (8), six (6), four (4) or three (3) degrees. In practice, it is desirable to maximize this permitted range of rotation  33  about fulcrum  41 , by making the inner bow handle  31  as thin as possible consistent with ensuring that the bow  12  and inner bow handle  31  maintain structural integrity in view of the pressures they must sustain when the bow system  1  is repetitively drawn and released for shooting, and by making the outer bow grip  11  as wide as possible consistent with a controlled, ergonomically-desirable grip surface for the archer&#39;s forward hand. It is to achieve this balance that the illustrated “teardrop” is a preferred albeit non-limiting shape for the cross sections illustrated in the top projections of  FIGS. 3 and 4 , and in  FIGS. 5 to 9 and 12 and 13  to follow. This is because the larger width toward the front of the teardrop gives maximum play for rotation consistent with structural integrity while the narrower width toward the rear of the teardrop provides a slim profile for a proper ergonomic grip and a firm rotational seating at the fulcrum  41 . 
     The foregoing describes the principles of operation of the invention. The balance of this disclosure describes a variety of preferred embodiments of the invention designed to reduce these inventive principles of operation to practice in any and all bow systems. While several embodiments will be described, it is to be understood that these embodiments are exemplary and non-limiting, and that any other embodiments that may be developed by a person of ordinary skill in the art which accord with this principle of operation, even if differing in detail from the embodiments disclosed here, are still regarded to be within the scope of this disclosure and its associated claims. Particularly, once the principle of the invention schematically illustrated by the cross-sectional projections of  FIGS. 3 and 4  is understood, and once a preferred embodiment has been disclosed for achieving this principle, it will become apparent to persons of ordinary skill how to implement this invention in a variety of specific alternative embodiments, all of which are to be regarded as falling within the scope of this disclosure and its associated claims. 
     We now turn to a first preferred embodiment, which is illustrated in  FIGS. 5 through 9 . Although as just observed, the preferred cross-sectional shape of this embodiment is that of a “teardrop” which yields a proper ergonomic hand position on the exterior of outer bow grip  11  and maximizes the permitted range of rotation  33  about fulcrum  41  consistent with structural integrity, this cross-sectional shape is illustrative, not limiting. Other shapes which might be equally suited to proper hand placement, or which may be preferred based on varying individual archer preferences, are also to be regarded within the scope of this disclosure and its associated claims. 
       FIG. 5  is a top-down cross sectional view taken over the plane designated as  5 - 5  in  FIG. 3 , and is a first preferred embodiment for the inventive principle schematically illustrated by the projection at the top of  FIG. 3  showing the bow system  1  in the non-drawn position of  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 6  is a top-down cross sectional view taken over the plane designated as  6 - 6  in  FIG. 4 , and is a first preferred embodiment for the inventive principle schematically illustrated by the projection at the top of  FIG. 4  showing the bow system  1  in the drawn position of  FIG. 2 .  FIGS. 5 and 6  together thereby illustrate this first preferred embodiment respectively, in the non-drawn and drawn positions. 
     In  FIG. 5 , we see that a front riser surface  54  of inner bow handle  31  is configured so as to mate with an inner front bumper  17  of outer bow grip  11 , and, in  FIG. 5 , that the front riser surface  54  and the inner front bumper  17  are in fact mated in contact with one another. Taken in combination with a pin  34  with an optional rear-tapering as illustrated (this does not exclude using a non-tapered pin) which terminates in a (rounded) pin head  36 , it will be seen that the two horizontally-situated positions of contact at  17 ,  54  (front) and at a fulcrum  41  of a rear pin pressure socket  38  (rear) serve to restrain any rotation of outer bow grip  11  about inner bow handle  31  and thus about the bow  12  with which inner bow handle  31  is integral and unitary, see  FIG. 3 , so that both remain co-aligned along direction-of-flight arrow  14 . Preferably, as illustrated in  FIG. 11 , this contact arrangement is replicated along two vertically-displaced horizontal cross sections. In the variation shown in  FIG. 12 , we also see a pin aperture  35 , a flexible aperture element  37  and a rear pin pressure socket  38  which are used to apply some of the pressures which cause the invention to properly operate when the bow system  1  is drawn. This will be further described in connection with  FIGS. 7 through 9 , which show outer bow grip  11  and inner bow handle  31  as separate components. 
     In  FIG. 6 , in contrast, we see that the forward hand pressure applied at forward hand-pressure region  16  from the draw of the bow string  13 , see  FIG. 2 , has caused outer bow grip  11  to move forward relative to inner bow handle  31 , and that consequently, the front riser surface  54  has retreated from the inner front bumper  17  so that these are no longer in contact with one another and the front point of contact is now released. Simultaneously, however, the horizontally-related rear point of contact remains between pin head  36  and rear pin pressure socket  38  at fulcrum  41 . The concave shape of rear pin pressure socket  38  ensures that the fulcrum  41  will remain substantially centered toward the rearmost extremity of rear pin pressure socket  38 . As illustrated in the variations of  FIG. 13 , a seating of pin  34  within an optional pin aperture  35  is configured—in combination with further elements to be discussed below—to enable rotation smooth about fulcrum  41  through rotational arc  33 , and thus allow any rotation by the archer&#39;s front hand to be absorbed in a rotation of outer bow grip  11  without causing any torqueing of inner bow handle  31 . 
     Thus, with the rear point of contact maintained at fulcrum  41  but the front point of contact between  17  and  54  relieved, it will be appreciated by someone of ordinary skill that in  FIG. 6 , outer bow grip  11  may now rotate over a limited range relative to inner bow handle  31  about fulcrum  41  through the rotational arc  33  shown toward the left of  FIG. 6 . It will further be appreciated how this is but one of a number of possible embodiments which can be used to reduce to practice, the inventive principles disclosed in connection with  FIGS. 3 and 4 . Finally, it will be appreciated how once the inventive principle outlined in  FIGS. 3 and 4  and the implementing embodiment of  FIGS. 5 and 6  are understood by a person of ordinary skill, that other possible embodiments to implement the inventive principle of  FIGS. 3 and 4  will also become apparent to a person of ordinary skill within the scope of this disclosure and its associated claims. Now let us elaborate several other aspects of the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , which deal with the spring mechanism used to provide the required pressures and rotations to operate the invention as just described. 
     First, in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , we see a spring cartridge  51  which is used to manage the retreat of the front riser surface  54  from the inner front bumper  17 . This spring cartridge  51  also cooperates with an optional flexible compressible doughnut-shaped rotation damper  52  introduced in  FIG. 12 . In  FIG. 12 , rotation damper  52  is uncompressed and in  FIG. 13  it is compressed. When a drawn bow system  1  is released, rotation damper  52  springs back from its compressed to its uncompressed state, as does the spring cartridge  51 . The purpose of rotation damper  52 —which again is optional not required—is to help smooth/damp/desensitize the pivoting of outer bow grip  11  relative to inner bow handle  31  about fulcrum  41 . 
     It will be appreciated on physical grounds that the spring cartridge  51  system must have a strength that is less than the strength of the bow system  1  when in a fully-drawn position, to enable pressure at forward hand-pressure region  16  from the drawn bowstring  13  to compress the spring  53  so as to enable the retreat of the front riser surface  54  from the inner front bumper  17 . It will be appreciated that the exemplary spring  53  is an ordinary linear spring which is extended when no inward longitudinal force is applied, and is contracted but will apply outward pressure when an inward longitudinal force is applied. 
     Now let us posit, for example, not limitation, that the invention is used with a compound bow system  1  which requires 80 pounds of pressure to draw the bowstring  13  back, and that bow system  1  has an 80% letoff. Thus, as the bowstring  13  reaches its maximal rearward extension, to bow system  1  causes the pressure to drop by 80% times 80 pounds=64 pounds, down to 80 minus 64=16 pounds. Thus, the archer can use only 16 pounds of hand pressure to maintain the bow system  1  in a shooting position for a period of time without tiring until he or she has a good sight line to the target. This means that the spring cartridge  51  must have a compression pressure of less than 16 pounds, so that the application of 16 pounds of pressure or more causes the spring to compress and maintain itself in that compressed state. 
     As a shorthand way to discuss this, we may say that the spring cartridge compression strength must be less than the bow system strength at maximal rearward extension (“maximal extension strength”). It will also be appreciated that the spring cartridge compression strength should not be too much less than the maximal extension strength, so that front riser surface  54  will remain in contact with inner front bumper  17  in the  FIG. 5  configuration until a substantial amount of draw pressure is applied, and there is no at risk of disconnecting this contact with just a minimal applied pressure. Certainly, this spring cartridge compression strength should be closer to the maximal extension strength than to zero. Consequently, we may discuss this by stating that spring cartridge compression strength should be at least to 50% of the maximal extension strength. In the preferred embodiment, putting all of this together, this means that the spring cartridge compression strength should be greater than or equal to a lower bound of 90% of the maximal extension strength and less than an upper bound of the maximal extension strength. In alternative variations, this lower bound may be 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 55% and as already noted, no lower than 50%. In the non-limiting example just presented, an 80 pound bow system with an 80% letoff has a maximal extension strength of 16 pounds. So the spring cartridge compression strength (and really, the spring compression strength) should be at least 50% times 16 pounds=8 pounds (lower bound), and must in all events be less than 16 pounds. 
     All of the foregoing may be summarized by saying that when bow system  1  is in an undrawn state, the outer bow grip  11  is pressured by spring  53  into a rearward position relative to inner bow handle  31  because the spring pressure exceeds the draw pressure; but when bow system  1  is drawn into in a drawn state, pressure from the draw overcomes the pressure from spring  53  so as to move outer bow grip  11  into a forward position relative to said inner bow handle  31  precisely because the draw pressure now exceeds the spring pressure. 
     Also schematically illustrated in  FIG. 6  is a spring lock  184  which locks the spring cartridge  51  and spring  53  into the contracted position shown in  FIG. 6  so that no extension and contraction of the pin  34  and pin head  36  is permitted in response to the bow system  1  being drawn and undrawn. This is not part of the first embodiment of  FIGS. 5 and 6 , but rather is used to implement a third preferred embodiment that combines the first preferred embodiment of  FIGS. 5 and 6  with the second preferred embodiment of  FIGS. 18 and 19 . This will be elaborated in the later discussion of  FIGS. 18 and 19 . 
     It is helpful to now examine to  FIGS. 7 through 9 , which all provide further illustration of the embodiment of  FIGS. 5 and 6 .  FIG. 7  shows the outer bow grip  11  of  FIGS. 5 and 6  all by itself, as a distinct element of the embodiment of  FIGS. 5 and 6 .  FIG. 8  shows the inner bow handle  31  of  FIGS. 5 and 6  all by itself, as a distinct element of the embodiment of  FIGS. 5 and 6 , in its uncompressed state of  FIGS. 3 and 5  which corresponds to an undrawn bowstring  13  as in  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 9  also shows the inner bow handle  31  of  FIGS. 5 and 6  all by itself, as a distinct element of the embodiment of  FIGS. 5 and 6 , but in its compressed state of  FIGS. 4 and 6  which corresponds to a drawn bowstring  13  as in  FIG. 2 . 
     In  FIG. 7 , we see the outer bow grip  11  of  FIGS. 5 and 6  all by itself. This outer bow grip  11  in isolation does not change its configuration at between the drawn and undrawn states of the bow system  1 . Rather, it is the inner bow handle  31  of  FIGS. 8 and 9  which changes configuration as between an undrawn, uncompressed ( FIG. 8 ) and a drawn, compressed ( FIG. 9 ) configuration. Key aspects of the outer bow grip  11  that are explicitly referenced in  FIG. 7  are the rear pin pressure socket  38  which at its rearmost extremity provides the rotational fulcrum at  41 , the forward hand-pressure region  16 , and the inner front bumper  17 . Also referenced are rotation range limiting surfaces  61  and an optional inner front mating feature  62 . In  FIGS. 7 through 9 , inner front mating feature  62  is illustrated in two embodiments which may be employed separately or in combination. In a first embodiment, this is in the form of the illustrated nook that is smoothly continuous with mating bumper  17 . In a second embodiment, this is in the form of a ball-détente or similar system as shown by the ball recess in  FIG. 7  at  62  (where the nook curves most sharply) which mates with a spring-actuated retractable ball in  FIGS. 8 and 9  at  63 . 
     All of the features referenced in  FIG. 7  serve to affect the way in which the inner bow handle  31  operates relative to outer bow grip  11  when the bowstring is both undrawn and drawn. In  FIG. 8  we see the inner bow handle  31  of  FIGS. 5 and 6  as a distinct element, prior to pressure being applied, but with those pressures schematically indicated by schematic pressure surfaces  81 . These schematic pressure surfaces  81  represent the compression pressures which are longitudinally-applied to the front and rear ends of inner bow handle  31  by the various referenced parts of the outer bow grip  11  in  FIG. 7 . Specifically, rear pin pressure socket at  38  serves to apply a forward pressure  81  to pin head  36  at the rear of pin  34 . Further, because inner bow handle  31  is integral with the bow  12 , see  FIGS. 3 and 4 , and because the bow in turn is operatively interconnected with the bow string  13 , see  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the rearward draw of the bowstring as in  FIG. 2  inherently causes a rearward pressure  81  to be applied to all of inner bow handle  31 . Although rearward pressure  81  is schematically depicted in  FIGS. 8 and 9  as being applied to the front portion of inner bow handle  31 , this is a schematic illustration of this pressure, and it is be understood that this rearward pressure is applied not at a single forward locale, but is a general pressure applied to the entirety of inner bow handle  31  by the very act of drawing back the bowstring  13 . 
     The upshot of all of these schematic pressures shown in  FIG. 8  is to make clear that as the bowstring  13  is drawn back, the effective pressures applied will squeeze the inner bow handle  31  from both the front and the rear. So what happens under this longitudinal, inward squeezing? Once the pressure from the draw of the bow system  1  exceeds the compression strength of spring cartridge  51 , the spring  53  will compress, the distance between the two schematic compression surfaces  81  will diminish, this diminution in front-to-rear expanse of the inner bow handle  31  will also cause (if it is included) the optional rotation damper  52  of  FIG. 13  to be compressed into a configuration such that it smoothes out the pivoting motion, and overall, this compression pressure will cause the combination of spring cartridge  51  and rotation damper  52  to physically compress from the expanded uncompressed configuration illustrated by  FIGS. 8 and 12 , to the contracted compressed configuration of  FIGS. 9 and 13 . But because pin head  36  remains seated throughout against rear pin pressure socket schematically represented at  38 , this compression will manifest by a rearward movement of inner bow handle  31  relative to outer bow grip  11 , which causes the configuration of  FIG. 5  to convert into that of  FIG. 6 .  FIG. 11  to be discussed further below, also illustrates from a complementary view via directional arrow  111 , the respective rearward and forward movement of pin  34  and pin head  36  within spring cartridge  51  in accordance with  FIGS. 8 and 9 . 
     With this in mind, now let us return to  FIGS. 6 and 13 , which show the cross section while the bow system  1  is fully drawn, with spring cartridge  51  and (in  FIG. 13 ) rotation damper  52  physically compressed, and with the contact now broken/relieved between inner front bumper  17  and front riser surface  54 . Because this point of contact is now broken, it becomes possible for outer bow grip  11  to rotate/pivot  33  about inner bow handle  31  while inner bow handle  31  remains aimed along the direction-of-flight arrow  14 , and while optional rotation damper  52  smoothes out the pivoting in the region where it is situated. Once this configuration is reached, while rotation is now permitted, as previously noted this rotation will be limited to a predetermined limited range of rotation designated over angle  33 . As will be seen from  FIG. 6 , this rotational limit is established and enforced by rotation range limiting surfaces  61 . Specifically, as outer bow grip  11  rotates/pivots  33  in one direction or the other about inner bow handle  31 , the rotation range limiting surfaces  61  of outer bow grip  11  will, at a certain predetermined limiting rotational angle, come into contact with the front side surfaces  64  of inner bow handle  31 , which contact will limit any further rotation. In the embodiment of  FIGS. 5 and 6 , this is how rotation is limited. Thus, it will be appreciated that the permitted play in rotation angle  33  is established by how the precise positioning of rotation range limiting surfaces  61  as well as the width between front side surfaces  64  is chosen. It will be apparent to someone of ordinary skill that variations on this approach may be used for limiting rotation, all within the scope of this disclosure and the associated claims. 
     As earlier stated, it is desirable to maximize this permitted range of rotation  33  about fulcrum  41 , by making the inner bow handle  31  as thin as possible consistent with ensuring that the bow  12  and inner bow handle  31  maintain structural integrity in view of the pressures they must sustain when the bow system  1  is repetitively drawn and released for shooting, and by making the outer bow grip  11  as wide as possible consistent with a controlled, ergonomically-desirable grip surface for the archer&#39;s forward hand. In  FIG. 6 , it is clear that the rotational range will be limited by contact between rotation range limiting surfaces  61  of outer bow grip  11  and the front side surfaces  64  of inner bow handle  31 . Thus, it should be equally clear that by adjusting or even eliminating the rotation range limiting surfaces  61  so that rotation will be limited simply by the sides of outer bow grip  11 , the invention may be fabricated to enable maximize this range as much as is desired, again, consistent with structural integrity and optimum ergonomics. 
     Once the bowstring  13  is released to propel an arrow shot and the spring cartridge  51  and optional rotation damper  52  re-expand to reseat the outer bow grip  11  back together with the inner bow handle  31  along front bumper  17  and front riser surface  54 , the bow system  1  will return to the undrawn configuration of  FIGS. 1, 3 and 5 . Now, inner front mating feature  62  of outer bow grip  11  and a complementary front mating feature  63  of inner bow handle  31  come into play. Specifically, as the configuration of  FIG. 6  returns to that of  FIG. 5 , these complementary mating features  62  and  63  will not only cause outer bow grip  11  and inner bow handle  31  to come back into contact along inner front bumper  17  and front riser surface  54 , but under the expansion pressure from spring cartridge  51 , will also cause outer bow grip  11  and inner bow handle  31  to smoothly shift from any rotational misalignment due to rotation of the archer&#39;s front hand, back into complete rotational alignment as shown in  FIG. 5 , wherein outer bow grip  11  and inner bow handle  31  become substantially-centered at their front contact position. Then, the next time the bow system  1  is to be used, the outer bow grip  11  and inner bow handle  31  will be properly aligned and centered, as if they are one and the same, and the cycle from the undrawn bow system  1  of  FIG. 1 , to the drawn bow system  1  of  FIG. 2 , through the release of the bowstring  3  and the return to an undrawn configuration, can be iteratively started over once again. 
       FIG. 10  is a plan view of a split ring embodiment of flexible aperture element  37 . It will be appreciated when  FIG. 10  is contrasted particularly with  FIG. 6 , that the flexibility of flexible aperture element  37  provides the necessary play for the pivoting illustrated in  FIG. 6 , and how flexible aperture element  37  in combination with optional rotation damper  52  to be discussed in  FIG. 12  provides both the necessary freedom for pin  34  to pivot through pin aperture  35  and flexible aperture element  37  in a smoothly-damped fashion. As a variation on the flexible aperture, one may also use a fixed aperture with a keyhole configuration (rounded aperture with larger than the pin head  36  diameter with a narrowed slit smaller than pin head  36  diameter, enabling the pin head to be passed through the wide portion of the keyhole then seated in the narrow portion), not shown. It is to also be understood that the specific embodiment of  FIGS. 5 through 9  combining all of these referenced elements is but one of a number of embodiments that will become apparent to someone of ordinary skill in the art for effectuating a smooth pivot about the pivot fulcrum  41 , once this disclosure has been understood. And, it is to be understood that all such alternative embodiments are also regarded so as to fall within the scope of this disclosure and its associated claims. 
       FIG. 11  further details  FIGS. 8 and 9  along views  8 - 8  and  9 - 9  as utilized in the embodiments of  FIGS. 5 through 9 and 12 and 13 , and in particular, shows the placement of spring cartridge  51  within inner bow handle  31  as well as the movement of pin  34  and pin head  36  in and out of spring cartridge  51  depending on the draw state of bow system  1 . It also illustrates the placement of pin  34  and pin head  36  through the pin aperture  35  of optional flexible aperture element  37 , which will be further elaborated in  FIGS. 12 and 13 . Because  FIGS. 5 and 6  as well as  12  and  13  are horizontal cross sections, they do not illustrate the manner in which this two-point-of-contact configuration is replicated by the placement of one or more (preferably two) spring cartridges within the inner bow handle. It will be appreciated how this provides vertical stability. We also see from  FIG. 11  that there are one or more (preferably two) horizontal openings drilled or otherwise fabricated into inner bow handle  31  from the rear, within which a spring cartridge  51  is firmly seated. One may choose to make this seating immobile with durable glues/epoxies in combination with a very tight geometric fitting, but it is preferred to simply have tight yet removable seating so that in the event the spring cartridge  51  breaks or malfunctions, it can be modularly removed and replaced. Ideally, this can be archived by a tight but removable fitting, and optionally, by a screw-in or similar type of fitting. 
     The dynamical operation of the system in relation to the draw state of the bow system  1  is illustrated in  FIG. 11  by directional arrow  111  which shows the respective rearward and forward movement of pin(s)  34  and pin head(s)  36  within spring cartridge(s)  51  in accordance with  FIGS. 5 and 6  and also,  FIGS. 8, 9, 11 and 12 . In particular, when the bow system  1  is undrawn, then as shown in  FIGS. 5 and 8 , the pin(s)  34  and pin head(s)  36  are pressed by spring(s)  53  into a rearward position to more substantially protrude from the rear of spring cartridge(s)  51  and inner bow handle  31 , which simultaneously means that inner bow handle  31  is in a forward position relative to outer bow grip  11  so as to bar rotation. Conversely, when the bow system  1  is drawn, then as shown in  FIGS. 6 and 9 , the draw pressure overcomes the spring pressure and the pin(s)  34  and pin head(s)  36  are pressed by this draw pressure into a forward position so as to have a lesser protrusion from and deeper penetration into the rear of spring cartridge(s)  51  and inner bow handle  31 . Simultaneously, this means that inner bow handle  31  is now in a rearward position relative to outer bow grip  11 , so as to enable the limited rotation  33 . Again, while it is possible to employ only one spring cartridge  51 , the preference is to employ two in order to provide vertical stability for the outer bow grip  11  in relation to inner bow handle  31 , thus ensuring that the only permitted movement is the rotation  33  about the long vertical axis  32  of bow  12 . And as has been already stated, while spring cartridge  51  is a preferred embodiment, one may choose within the scope of this invention to implement this functionality by a simple spring, or by any equivalent apparatus known or which may become known in the art which exerts an outward force when pressed inward from an expanded position thereof and returns to said expanded position when said inward pressing is relieved. Two such variations on the spring mechanism will be discussed in connection with  FIGS. 14 through 17 . 
       FIGS. 12 and 13  which have previously been summarized, illustrate the utilization of the optional flexible aperture element  37  and rotation damper  52 . We now explain in detail the function of these optional elements. The purpose of flexible aperture element  37  (which as noted above can take other forms such as a keyhole) is to guide the pin head  36  into a proper seating at the rear of rear pin pressure socket  38 . The flexibility of flexible aperture element  37  is not an aid for pivoting/rotating, but only a means to allow the slightly-larger diameter of pin head  36  to pass therethrough and fit securely and centered into rear pin pressure socket  38 . At the same time, the diameter of flexible aperture element  37  is slightly larger than that of the portion of pin  34  which passes therethrough, which is necessary so as to not hinder proper pivoting of outer bow grip  11  about inner bow handle  31 . 
     Because the apertures need to be slightly larger in diameter as just noted, rotation damper  52  operates as a fitted “ring” or “donut” which fully contacts the pin. It will thus be seen when contrasting  FIGS. 12 and 13  that when rotation damper  52  is compressed as in  FIG. 13 , it will provide what is in the nature of a commoving aperture, that is, the center of this “ring” or “donut” will glide smoothly with the rotation, will not impede the rotation, and will provide a controlled movement to help the pin head  36  stay centered. This optional flexible compressible rotation damper  52  needs to be compressible and springiness, and have suitable pliable material characteristics to enable a smooth pivot. 
       FIGS. 14 and 15  illustrate a first alternative preferred embodiment for the spring mechanism of the invention, when the invention is in respective non-drawn and drawn positions. The spring cartridge  51  illustrated in  FIGS. 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12 and 13  as a specific means to facilitate the relative alignments between the outer bow grip and an inner bow handle as described in  FIGS. 3 and 4 , is instead replaced by the spring mechanism of  FIGS. 14 and 15 , as will now be described. 
     In  FIG. 14  we see two pins  34  and pin heads  36  as before. There are also two reduced pin apertures  142  which have a smaller (reduced) penetration into the inner bow handle  31  than does the spring cartridge  51  as illustrated particularly in  FIG. 11 . That is, the pin apertures  142  are not drilled as deeply into inner bow handle  31  as are the spring cartridges  51  shown in  FIG. 11 . By lessening the depth of this penetration, the structural, material integrity of inner bow handle  31  is increased under the stresses of repeated use. Further, in contrast to what has been previously illustrated and described, these pins  34  also have a shorter length and so are not always recessed into the inner bow handle  31 . Rather they move between the non-recessed configuration of  FIG. 14  and the recessed configuration of  FIG. 15  in synchrony with whether the bow system  1  is not drawn and drawn. 
     The spring  53  is now in the form of a bowspring rather than the linear spring earlier illustrated, and is permanently fixed to the inner bow handle  31  with a spring anchor  141  which may, for example not limitation, be a simple retention screw as illustrated. When no pressure is applied from a draw, spring  53  naturally holds the pins  34  and pin heads  36  with a rearward disposition which is not recessed into the reduced pin apertures  142 , as is seen in  FIG. 14 . When a draw pressure is applied, the pin heads  36  are pressed forward, the spring  53  is compressed, and the pins become recessed into the reduced pin apertures  142 , as is seen in  FIG. 15 . The flexible aperture element  37  has also been illustrated, so that this can be contrasted to the position of this same flexible aperture element  37  in the top-down cross section views of  FIGS. 11 and 12 . 
     All of what is illustrated in  FIGS. 14 and 15  (and also  FIGS. 16 and 17  to be discussed momentarily) is simply an alternative way of providing a spring pressure to the pins  34  and pin heads  36 ; in all other material respects beyond the specifics of the spring mechanism, the invention works in exactly the same manner as has been previously described. While this spring mechanism is in fact hidden from view, it has been illustrated in solid not hidden lines, because this is it particular feature sought to be highlighted in the illustrations of  FIGS. 14 and 15 . 
       FIGS. 16 and 17  illustrate a second alternative preferred embodiment for the spring mechanism of the invention, when the invention is in respective non-drawn and drawn positions, and is simply a further variant of what was just described in  FIGS. 14 and 15 . This variation still uses two pins  34  and pin heads  36 , but the lower pin  34  is permanently anchored  141  into the inner bow handle  31  together with and at the same locale as spring  53  which is a modified bowspring. There is now a single reduced pin aperture  142  rather than two, which strengthens the structural material integrity of inner bow handle  31  under repeated use stress by eliminating one drill point. The upper pin  34  and pin head  36  move between the non-recessed configuration of  FIG. 16  and the recessed configuration of  FIG. 17  in synchrony with whether the bow system  1  is not drawn and drawn, just as in  FIGS. 14 and 15 . This spring  53  assumes the configuration of  FIG. 16  when no pressure is applied. But when the bow system  1  is drawn, spring  53  compresses as shown in  FIG. 17  and so exerts a rearward pressure on upper pin  34  and pin head  36 . 
     This variation relies on the fact that it is preferable to have two rear points of contact for the outer bow grip  11  to pivot around inner bow handle  31  when the bow system is drawn as has been previously described; but that it is also sufficient to have a single pin head  36 —specifically the upper pin head  36  as illustrated in  FIG. 16 —pressing together the front surfaces of outer bow grip  11  inner bow handle  31  when the bow system is not drawn. In other words, referring to  FIGS. 12 and 13  (which fully apply here except for the difference in the specific embodiment of the spring mechanism), when the bow system  1  is drawn as in  FIG. 13  it is preferred to have two points of contact vertically-displaced from one another between pin heads  36  and rear pin pressure socket  38  to ensure good rotation about the fulcrum  41  (i.e., about the vertical axis  32 ) without any relative movement other than this rotation (i.e., without any rotation about a horizontal axis). But when the bow system  1  is not drawn as in  FIG. 12 , it will suffice to only have one pin head  36  pressing back on rear pin pressure socket  38  to seat the front riser surface  54  against the inner front bumper  17  so that outer bow grip  11  and inner bow handle  31  now coact as a unitary system without any relative movement between them, as previously discussed at length. Note that in this embodiment configuration there is a slight forward “woodpecker” type pivot of the outer bow grip  11  relative to inner bow handle  31  which emanates from the forward and backward movement of the upper pin head  36 . This pivot is exaggerated (not drawn to scale) in these two Figures, simply to highlight the overall configuration and operation of this embodiment, and is so slight that it does not adversely impact the method of the user drawing the bow system  1  and then firing with accuracy. 
     Again, all of what is illustrated in  FIGS. 16 and 17  is simply an alternative way of providing a spring pressure for the pins  34  and pin heads  36 . In all other material respects beyond the specifics of the spring mechanism, the invention works in exactly the same manner as has been previously described. Having shown several variations for implementing this spring mechanism, it will be apparent that other variations might also be developed by someone of ordinary skill in the art, all within the scope of this disclosure and its associated claims. 
     Ideally, because one design objective is to minimize material stresses on inner bow handle  31  during repeated use, it is desirable to minimize the number of apertures  142  (and at  141 , see also  53  in  FIG. 11 ) which need to be drilled into inner bow handle  31 , and to make these apertures as small (shallow) as possible. With this in mind, if the spatial relationships between the outer bow grip  11  inner bow handle  31  are carefully designed and engineered in manufactured implementations of the invention, following the approach of  FIGS. 14 through 17 , and using welds or suitable glues or epoxies or other attachment means in place of retention screws  141  to secure the springs  53 , it may well become possible to entirely eliminate the need for any drilling at all into inner bow handle  31 , thereby maximizing structural integrity. 
     In these embodiments of  FIGS. 14 through 17 , the inner bow handle  31  comprises a spring or equivalent apparatus  53  rearwardly-disposed thereon, with a pin  34  connected to the spring  53  such that said spring  53  applies rearward pressure against the pin  34 . The rear end of the pin (pin head  36 ) contacts the rear pin pressure socket  38  of the outer bow grip  11 , and the spring  53  continues to have a spring compression strength less than a maximal extension strength of the bow system  1 . Therefore, when the bow system  1  is in its undrawn state, the pin  34  is pressed by the spring  53  into a rearward position such that said outer bow grip  11  is pressured by the spring  53  into a rearward position relative to the inner bow handle  31  to prevent relative rotation of the outer bow grip  11  about the inner bow handle  31 . Further, when the bow system  1  is drawn into in the drawn state, the pin  34  is pressed by the draw pressure into a forward position such that the outer bow grip  11  is moved by the draw pressure into a forward position relative to the inner bow handle  31  to enable the relative rotation. In contrast to the embodiments of  FIGS. 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12 and 13 , all of this occurs without penetration of the pin  34  into the inner bow handle  31 , and so reduces or—with good engineering within the purview of persons of ordinary skill—entirely eliminates the need for any drilling at all into the inner bow handle  31 . 
       FIGS. 18 and 19  respectively illustrate a second preferred embodiment for the inventive principles respectively schematically illustrated by the projection at the top of  FIGS. 3 and 4 . Whereas the first preferred embodiment initially illustrated in  FIGS. 5 and 6  and thereafter in some further variants illustrated in  FIGS. 14 through 17  all made use of a spring  53  rearwardly-disposed in and/or on the inner bow handle  31 , the second preferred embodiment of  FIGS. 18 and 19  makes use of a user-actuated retractable lock system  18  preferably situated at the front of the outer bow grip  11  and engaging the inner bow handle  31  from the front. 
     This user-actuated retractable lock system  18  (which is schematically illustrated and not drawn to scale) comprises an actuator  182  and a retractable restraining tip  181 , with the actuator  182  actuated at will directly by the user&#39;s front hand when that hand is placed on the outer bow grip  11 . This retractable lock system  18 , which is a preferred albeit non-limiting mechanism for this second preferred embodiment, operates in precisely the same fashion as does the ratchet and spring mechanism of a retractable pen, see, for example, http://www.quora.com/How-does-the-click-pen-or-retractable-pen-work, http://www.ehow.com/how-does_5553922_retractable-ballpoint-pen-works.html, and http://vimeo.com/20360380, as well as other variants of this mechanism which are known or may become known in the art. Of course, the pressures associated with drawing and releasing bow system  1  are much greater than those encountered in using a pen, so this mechanism will need to be a hardened and sturdier version of the retractable pen mechanism. But the operating principles are identical.  FIG. 18  illustrates this retractable lock system  18  in an extended configuration, while  FIG. 19  illustrates this same retractable lock system  18  in a retracted configuration. 
     So in view of what has already been disclosed,  FIGS. 18 and 19  will be most easily be appreciated by thinking of the combination of  18 ,  181  and  182  as a hardened, sturdy retractable ballpoint pen in which the numbered element  18  is the pen barrel, element  181  is the writing ballpoint tip of the pen, and element  182  is the actuator button which the user presses with his or her thumb or a finger (preferably the index finger) to retract and extend the ballpoint tip. The ratchet and spring mechanism is contained inside the barrel and not seen externally, but the functionality of extension and retraction and how this is achieved is well understood in the art. 
     So thinking of  18 ,  181  and  182  as comprising the same mechanism as that of a sturdy, hardened retractable ballpoint pen, the user-actuated retractable lock system  18  either restrains or enables relative rotation between the outer bow grip  11  and the inner bow handle  31  by engagement and disengagement between the restraining tip  181  and a restraining nook  183  situated on the inner bow handle  31 . In  FIG. 18 , this pen-like retractable lock system  18  is in a state whereby the restraining tip  181  is in an extended position, analogously to the tip of a pen being extended for writing. And specifically, the restraining tip  181  in its extended position is seated within restraining nook  183  so as to restrain any relative rotation between the outer bow grip  11  and the inner bow handle  31 . In  FIG. 19 , in contrast, retractable lock system  18  is in a state whereby the restraining tip  181  is in a retracted position, analogously to the tip of a pen being retracted from writing so that ink does not smear onto unintended surfaces. And specifically, the restraining tip  181  is now retracted from its engagement with restraining nook  183 , so that the restraint is removed. It is the removal of this restraint between restraining tip  181  and restraining nook  183  which now enables relative rotation  33  between the outer bow grip  11  and the inner bow handle  31  about fulcrum  41 . 
     So just as  FIGS. 5 and 6  initially illustrated the first preferred embodiment for the inventive principles laid out in  FIGS. 3 and 4  by using a spring or equivalent apparatus  53  which exerts an outward force when compressed from an expanded position and returns to the expanded position when the inward compressing is relieved,  FIGS. 18 and 19  illustrate the second preferred embodiment for the inventive principles laid out in  FIGS. 3 and 4  by using an outer bow grip  11  comprising a retractable lock system  18  with an actuator  182  disposed on a front outside of the outer bow grip  11  and an retractable restraining tip  181  disposed on a rear inside of the outer bow grip  11 , and an inner bow handle  31  comprising a restraining nook  183  for engaging with the retractable restraining tip  181 . In both of these cases, the outer bow grip  11  is prevented or enabled from rotating relative to the inner bow handle  31  depending upon in the former case whether the outer bow grip  11  is or is not pressured by the spring  52  into a rearward position relative to the inner bow handle  31 , and in the latter case whether the actuator  182  has been used to engage or disengage the restraining tip  181  with the restraining nook  183 . 
     The method of using the second preferred embodiment of  FIGS. 18 and 19  is the following: In general, when the restraining tip  181  is in its extended position as in  FIG. 18 , the outer bow grip  11  the inner bow handle  31  are locked to one another and the bow system  1  is indistinguishable from an ordinary bow system which does not employ this invention. So when bow system  1  is in the undrawn position, the user should depress the actuator  182  to ensure that restraining tip  181  is extended and thus engaged within restraining nook  183 , if it is not already so-engaged. This is the “default,” starting configuration for any use of bow system  1 . Then, the user draws back on the bowstring  13  until the bow system  1  reaches the drawn configuration of  FIG. 2 . Here, because the spring  53  is not a part of this second preferred embodiment, the outer bow grip  11  the inner bow handle  31  will still locked to one another as in  FIG. 18 . 
     Now the user has a choice which is not available in the first preferred spring-based embodiment: If the user wishes to fire an arrow in the totally conventional fashion without enabling any pivot between outer bow grip  11  and inner bow handle  31 , then the user will refrain from pressing on the actuator  182  entirely, so that restraining tip  181  and restraining nook  183  maintain their engagement and no rotation  33  is permitted. But if the user does wish to enable a relative rotation  33  between the outer bow grip  11  and the inner bow handle  31 , the user will make the volitional decision to depress the actuator  182 , so that the restraining tip  181  retracts and thus withdraws from its engagement with restraining nook  183 , thereby enabling relative rotation  33  by unlocking the restraint between outer bow grip  11  and inner bow handle  31 . This relative rotation will then absorb any rotational torque exerted by the user&#39;s front hand, in precisely the same manner that has been previously described for the first preferred embodiment. Then, when ready, the user fires the arrow, and the bow system  1  is returned to its undrawn configuration. Now, however, the rotation  33  is still permitted, because restraining tip  181  remains retracted from its engagement with restraining nook  183 . So at some point in time prior to the next usage of the bow system, if the user wishes to lock the outer bow grip  11  and inner bow handle  31  together, the user depresses the actuator  182  once again, this time to extend restraining tip  181  and restore its restraining engagement with restraining nook  183 . 
     Each of the first and second preferred embodiments (spring  53  or no spring  53 ) has its benefits, and the use of one over the other is a matter of user preference. The second (no spring) embodiment gives the archer complete control whether to use the bow system in the conventional manner with outer bow grip  11  and inner bow handle  31  locked together as one integral unit, or to make use of the torque-reduction features by unlocking outer bow grip  11  and inner bow handle  31 . This is a high degree of flexibility and versatility. But, the user must take the deliberate, conscious step of depressing the actuator  182  in order to employ the torque reduction gained via the rotation  33 . The first (with spring  53 ) embodiment does not give the archer this choice: whenever the bow system is drawn, the outer bow grip  11  and inner bow handle  31  will automatically become disengaged from one another, and so the rotation  33  will always be permitted. Thus, there is an automatic “toggling” between the locked and unlocked relationship between outer bow grip  11  and inner bow handle  31  which occurs automatically in response to, and simultaneously with, the bow system  1  being undrawn and drawn. This provides a seamless use of the bow system which does not require any deliberate act to depress any actuator: the simple act of drawing and releasing the bowstring  13  simultaneously serves to actuate and deactuate the torque reduction. But the choice of disabling the torque-reduction feature is removed from the user. Again, it is expected that the choice of one embodiment over the other by any individual archer will be matter of “feel” and “taste.” 
     It is also important to point out that these first and second preferred embodiments (spring  53  or no spring  53 ) are not mutually exclusive, and that they can be merged together into one bow system  1  constituting a third preferred embodiment. Particularly, it will be noticed that the pin  34  and pin head  36  are positioned relative to inner bow handle  31  in  FIGS. 18 and 19  in precisely the same way as these are relatively positioned in  FIG. 6 . The only difference is that  FIG. 6  has a spring cartridge  51  and spring  53  whereas  FIGS. 18 and 19  do not. This is where the earlier-mentioned spring lock  184  schematically shown in  FIG. 6  comes into play. 
     Specifically, if a spring lock  184  in one of many variants known in the art is provided and suitably engineered into the system to enable the user, at will, to lock the spring cartridge  51  and spring  53  into the state of compression shown in  FIG. 6  no matter what the draw state of the bow system  1  might be, then by adding the retractable lock system  18  with actuator  182  and retractable restraining tip  181  as well as the restraining nook  183  to the configuration in  FIG. 6 , one would identically have the operational configuration of  FIGS. 18 and 19 , with the restraining tip  181  and restraining nook  183  simultaneously doubling as a variant of the complementary mating features  62  and  63  shown and discussed in  FIGS. 7 through 9 . Then the user would have the ability to decide at any time, from one shot to the next, whether the torque-balancing features are or are not employed, and would thus have the best of both worlds from the first and second preferred embodiments. 
     In this third preferred embodiment, if the archer wants to use the bow system  1  at any given time in accordance with the first preferred embodiment (the torque balancing is automatically actuated when the bow system  1  is drawn), then he or she would deactivate the spring lock  184  so that spring cartridge  51  and spring  53  expand or contract in unison with the bow system  1  being drawn or undrawn, and would also use actuator  182  retract the restraining tip  181 . Then when the bow is undrawn the system would be in the configuration of  FIG. 5  with the tip  181  and restraining nook  183  acting as the complementary mating features  62  and  63  to properly align the rotational relationship between outer bow grip  11  and inner bow handle  31 . And when the bow is drawn the system would move into the configuration of  FIG. 6 , enabling torque-balancing rotation between outer bow grip  11  and inner bow handle  31  to be automatically provided synchronously with the bow system  1  being drawn, with the tip  181  remaining retracted and so not interfering with the rotation  33 . 
     Also in this third preferred embodiment, if the archer wants to use the bow system  1  at any given time in accordance with the second preferred embodiment, then he or she would activate the spring lock  184  so that the pin  34  and pin head  36  are fixedly positioned relative to inner bow handle  31  precisely as in  FIGS. 18 and 19  for the duration of the time during which the spring lock  184  is activated. Then the user can proceed to use the bow system precisely in accordance with the second, rather than the first, preferred embodiment. 
     We now turn generally to discuss some other aspects of the invention. 
     Insofar as materials for fabrication, it is preferred though not required that outer bow grip  11  comprise a spring steel or stainless steel. One may also use variety of hard plastics. Spring cartridge  51  preferably comprises Teflon, aluminum, and/or stainless steel. The spring  53  itself may comprise any suitable spring material. The optional flexible compressible doughnut-shaped rotation damper  52  needs to have suitable pliable material characteristics to enable a smooth pivot. Such materials would include, but are not limited to, soft rubber, silicon, and urethane. The inner bow handle  31  may be fabricated from any material normally used for a bow riser, however, in any embodiment such as that of that of  FIG. 11  in which a horizontal opening is drilled or otherwise fabricated into inner bow handle  31  for seating spring cartridge  51 , it is important to ensure structural integrity and in particular minimize any weakening or material stressing of the inner bow handle  31  which may occur by virtue of having such an opening. Thus, inner bow handle  31  preferably comprises a sturdy steel or hard metal or carbon or aluminum (including aircraft-grade aluminum), but may also comprise the same material as bow  12  in integral fabrication. Bow  12  comprises the usual materials used to construct compound or recurve bows, such as but not limited to woods (usually laminated), fiberglass (generally for bow limbs), carbon fibers, and related composites as are known or may become known in the art. The inner bow handle  31 , of course, is integrally joined with the remainder of bow  12  using devices and methods known in the art for joining together different material elements. But, as noted, so long as there is structural integrity notwithstanding its horizontal opening for seating spring cartridge  51  (which drill point may also be engineered out entirely as just discussed), inner bow handle  31  may comprise the same materials as bow  12  in integral fabrication. 
     To manufacture a bow system  1  which includes this invention, a number of approaches may be employed. If one utilizes the embodiment of  FIG. 5 to 9 , one key step is to prepare the bow  12  and inner bow handle  31  so as to contain the spring cartridge  51  as shown in  FIG. 11 . This includes providing the horizontal rear opening and then immovably seating the spring cartridge  51  inside. The optional rotation damper  52  may then be seated over pin  34 , and the pin may then be inserted through flexible aperture element  37  and pin aperture  35  (or whatever aperture system one may devise) of outer bow grip  11 , see  FIG. 7 . Finally, the balance of outer bow grip  11  may be fabricated or molded or assembled so as to surround inner bow handle  31  in the manner detailed in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , using a range of methods that are known in the manufacturing arts. For the variations of  FIGS. 14 to 17 , one similarly established the spring mechanism on the inner bow handle  31 , and then surrounds this with the outer bow grip  11 . 
     Retrofitting of the invention to preexisting bow systems  1  is possible following a similar prescription, but is less desirable than manufacturing the bow system  1  with this invention integral from the start. In particular, it is not to be expected that preexisting bow risers which in applicant&#39;s invention need to be employed as inner bow handle  31 , will have the necessary cross-sectional characteristics to accommodate the drilling of a horizontal rear opening (see also  141  and  142  in the  FIGS. 14 to 17  variations), receive the spring cartridge  51  or other spring mechanism, and then be surrounded by the outer bow grip  11 , all while maintaining proper structural integrity. But for any such preexisting bow systems  1  which can be retrofitted in this way, it is to be understood that such retrofitting does fall within the scope of this disclosure and its associated claims. 
     The use of an outer bow grip  11  and an inner bow handle  31  provides the ability to offer interchangeable grip profiles for the outer bow grip  11 , which can satisfy archer style preferences, making it more desirable and cost effective to produce the invention. 
     Another unique feature of the outer bow grip  11  is its shape, which is radically different from what is customary in the art. For a compound bow in particular, the preferred shape, without limitation, is the aforementioned “teardrop” or “wedge” in which the narrow end faces the archer while the bow is being held. This helps, as discussed already, to maximize the range of rotation when the bow system  1  is in a drawn configuration. 
     Another advantage of the invention is that the inner bow handle  31  may be made stronger yet still remain narrow at the locale where it seats within outer bow grip  11 , which is what most archers have become accustomed to. 
     The teardrop shape for outer bow grip  11  also promotes a relaxed hand grip by the archer, which is known to be desirable, because the slightly-opened hand naturally assumes this same shape. For this reason, the ergonomic comfort and aiming ability for archer preferring a relaxed grip is not compromised. 
     For archers who prefer a more traditional, rectangular shaped grip, this can also be achieved so long as the inner bow handle  31  is produced to as to accommodate the rectangular shape. This shape can be customized for individual user preferences and can also be used to provide modular interchangeable profiles. 
     Because of the foregoing attributes in the various described embodiments and variations, this invention will result is superior accuracy for archers of all skill levels. 
     The knowledge possessed by someone of ordinary skill in the art at the time of this disclosure, including but not limited to the prior art disclosed with this application, is understood to be part and parcel of this disclosure and is implicitly incorporated by reference herein, even if in the interest of economy express statements about the specific knowledge understood to be possessed by someone of ordinary skill are omitted from this disclosure. While reference may be made in this disclosure to the invention comprising a combination of a plurality of elements, it is also understood that this invention is regarded to comprise combinations which omit or exclude one or more of such elements, even if this omission or exclusion of an element or elements is not expressly stated herein, unless it is expressly stated herein that an element is essential to applicant&#39;s combination and cannot be omitted. It is further understood that the related prior art may include elements from which this invention may be distinguished by negative claim limitations, even without any express statement of such negative limitations herein. It is to be understood, between the positive statements of applicant&#39;s invention expressly stated herein, and the prior art and knowledge of the prior art by those of ordinary skill which is incorporated herein even if not expressly reproduced here for reasons of economy, that any and all such negative claim limitations supported by the prior art are also considered to be within the scope of this disclosure and its associated claims, even absent any express statement herein about any particular negative claim limitations. 
     Finally, while only certain preferred features of the invention have been illustrated and described, many modifications, changes and substitutions will occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the invention.