Patent Publication Number: US-2022223569-A1

Title: Display panel and window

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims the benefit of Chinese Patent Application Serial No. 202110038172.8, filed Jan. 12, 2021, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     1. Field of the Disclosure 
     The present disclosure relates to a display panel and a window, and more particularly to a flexible display panel and a window applying the flexible display panel. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     Recently, display panels have been developed from flat display panels to curved display panels, and even foldable display panels, so that the applications of display panels are more and more widespread. However, while the flexible display panel is applied to objects with curved surfaces, for example, applied to a car window with a curved surface, the flexible display panel may be wrinkled, which causes damage to wires and components of the display panel. Therefore, the application fields of the display panels are restricted. 
     SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display panel, which includes a flexible substrate, a plurality of light-emitting units, a peripheral circuit, and a circuit board. The flexible substrate includes a display region, a peripheral circuit region, and a dummy region. The peripheral circuit region is adjacent to the display region, and the dummy region surrounds the peripheral circuit region and forms a gap. The light-emitting units are disposed in the display region. The peripheral circuit is disposed in the peripheral circuit region and used to drive the light-emitting units. The circuit board is electrically connected to the peripheral circuit through the gap. 
     These and other objectives of the present disclosure will no doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading the following detailed description of the embodiment that is illustrated in the various figures and drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of a window according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic top view of a window according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic top view of a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic top view of a window according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display panel along the cross-sectional line A-A′ of  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic top view of a window according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 7  is an enlarged schematic diagram of a region RB in  FIG. 6 . 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the cross-sectional line B-B′ of  FIG. 7 . 
         FIG. 9  is a schematic top view of a window according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 10  is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 11  is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 12  is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display panel according to some embodiments of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 13  is a schematic partial top view of a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 14  is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the cross-sectional line C-C′ of  FIG. 13 . 
         FIG. 15  is a schematic top view of a window according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 16  is a schematic top view of a display panel attached to a transparent substrate and before being cut according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 17  is a schematic cross-sectional view of the display panel and the transparent substrate in a region RC of  FIG. 16  after being attached and cut. 
         FIG. 18  is a schematic top view of a window according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following is a detailed description of display panels and windows according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be understood that many different embodiments are provided in the following description to implement different aspects of the present disclosure. The following specific components and arrangements are just to briefly and clearly describe some embodiments of the present disclosure, which are just examples, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In addition, for clear description, similar and/or corresponding reference numerals may be used to designate similar components indifferent embodiments. However, these similar reference numerals are used to describe some embodiments simply and clearly, and do not represent any relationship between the different embodiments and/or structures discussed. 
     When the term “on” or “above” is used in the following description, it includes the case of one feature being in direct contact with another feature, or there may be one or more other components disposed between the two features, in this case one feature may not be in direct contact with another feature. 
     The contents of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and drawings. It is noted that, for purposes of illustrative clarity and being easily understood by the readers, the following drawings may be simplified schematic diagrams, and components therein may not be drawn to scale. In addition, the numbers and dimensions of the components in the drawings are just illustrative, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. 
     Certain terms are used throughout the specification and the appended claims of the present disclosure to refer to specific components. Those skilled in the art should understand that electronic equipment manufacturers may refer to a component by different names, and this document does not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following description and claims, the terms “comprise”, “include” and “have” are open-ended fashion, so they should be interpreted as “including but not limited to . . . ”. 
     The ordinal numbers used in the specification and the appended claims, such as “first”, “second”, etc., are used to describe the components of the claims. It does not mean that the component has any previous ordinal numbers, nor does it represent the order of a certain component and another component, or the sequence of a manufacturing method, these ordinal numbers are just used to make a component with a certain name be clearly distinguishable from another component with the same name. 
     In addition, when a feature is described as “on another feature”, the two features have a vertical relationship in the top view direction, this feature may be above or below another feature, and this vertical relationship depends on the orientation of the device. 
     As disclosed herein, the terms “approximately”, “about”, and “substantially” generally mean within 10%, 5%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0.5% of a given value or range. The quantity disclosed herein is an approximate quantity, that is, without a specific description of “approximately”, “about”, “substantially”, the quantity may still include the meaning of “approximately”, “about”, and “substantially”. In addition, the term “in a range from a first numerical value to a second numerical value” means that the range includes the first numerical value, the second numerical value, and other numerical values therebetween. 
     It should be understood that according to the following embodiments, features of different embodiments may be replaced, recombined or mixed to constitute other embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. The features of various embodiments may be mixed arbitrarily and used indifferent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure or conflict between these features. 
     In the present disclosure, the depth, the length and the width may be measured by using an optical microscope. The depth may also be obtained by measuring the cross-sectional image in an electron microscope, but not limited thereto. In addition, there may be a certain error in any two values or directions used for comparison. If a first value is equal to a second value, it implies that there may be an error of about 10% between the first value and the second value. If a first direction is perpendicular to a second direction, the angle between the first direction and the second direction may be ranged from 80 degrees to 100 degrees. If a first direction is parallel to a second direction, the angle between the first direction and the second direction may be ranged from 0 degrees to 10 degrees. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. It should be understood that these terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having meaning consistent with the relevant technology and the background or context of the present disclosure, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or excessively formal way, unless there is a special definition in the embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     The electronic devices of the present disclosure may include, for example, a display device, an antenna device, a sensor device, a touch display device, a curved display device, or a non-rectangular display device (free shaped display). The electronic devices may be bendable or flexible spliced display devices, but not limited thereto. The electronic devices may include, for example, a light-emitting diode (LED), liquid crystal, fluorescence, phosphor, quantum dot (QD), other suitable display medium, or a combination thereof, but not limited thereto. The light-emitting diode may include, for example, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), an inorganic light-emitting diode, a sub-millimeter light-emitting diode (mini LED), a micro light-emitting diode (micro LED) or a quantum dot (QD) light-emitting diode (such as QLED, QDLED), or other LEDs using suitable materials, or any combination thereof, but not limited thereto. The antenna device may be, for example, a liquid crystal antenna, but not limited thereto. It should be noted that the electronic devices of the present disclosure may be any combination of the aforementioned devices, but not limited thereto. In addition, the appearance of the electronic devices may be rectangular, circular, polygonal, a shape with curved edges, or other suitable shapes. The electronic devices may have peripheral systems such as a driving system, a control system, a light source system, a shelf system, etc., to support a display device or an antenna device. The following electronic devices take a display panel attached to a transparent substrate of a window as an example, but not limited thereto. 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of a window according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in  FIG. 1 , a window  1  may include, for example, a transparent substrate  2  for attaching a display panel of any one of the following embodiments thereon. The transparent substrate  2  may have a Gauss curvature that is not equal to zero. In detail, the transparent substrate  2  may have a curved surface  2 S, and the curved surface  2 S may have the Gauss curvature that is not equal to zero. For example, the transparent substrate  2  may include glass, quartz, plastic or other substrates. For example, the window  1  may include, for example, a window of a vehicle, a window of a building, or other windows with curved surfaces. When a display panel is attached to the curved surface  2 S, the display panel may be bent along the profile of the curved surface  2 S of the transparent substrate  2 . When the transparent substrate  2  includes the curved surface  2 S whose Gauss curvature is not zero, the curved surface  2 S will bend toward at least two different directions simultaneously. For example, the Gauss curvature of the transparent substrate  2  may be greater than zero or less than zero. In some embodiments, the transparent substrate  2  may also be replaced with an opaque substrate, but not limited thereto. 
     A Gauss curvature referred to in the present disclosure may be obtained as follows. A point at any position on the curved surface  2 S may be selected, this point may be extended into two curves along the curved surface  2 S that respectively have two major curvatures, and the Gauss curvature is the product of the two major curvatures. In detail, a point on the curved surface  2 S may be extended into an infinite number of curves along the curved surface  2 S, and each curve has its own curvature. The major curvature described herein is defined as: among the infinite number of curvatures, there is a maximum value, and the curvature of a curve perpendicular to the curve having the maximum value (Max) is the minimum value (Min) of the infinite number of curvatures. The curve with the maximum value and the curve with the minimum value are the two major curvatures of this point. 
     A method for determining a Gauss curvature in the present disclosure may include, for example, using a scanning equipment and a 3D analysis software (such as Design X 3D software, etc., but not limited thereto) for scanning and modeling the target curved surface  2 S, and obtaining an objective Gauss curvature value after analysis. 
     The present disclosure provides several other methods for determining a Gauss curvature. A surface with a positive Gauss curvature may have a spherical or protruding shape. A surface with a negative Gauss curvature may have a saddle-like shape. In the present disclosure, there are several methods to determine whether the Gauss curvature is positive, negative, or zero. The first method is to arbitrarily take three non-collinear points on the curved surface  2 S to form a triangle, and then determine whether the sum of the interior angles of the triangle is greater than 180 degrees, equal to or less than 180 degrees. When the Gauss curvature of the curved surface is positive, the sum of the interior angles of the triangle will be greater than 180 degrees. When the Gauss curvature of the curved surface is negative, the sum of the interior angles of the triangle will be less than 180 degrees. When the Gauss curvature of the surface is zero, the sum of the interior angles of the triangle will be equal to 180 degrees. It should be noted that within the error range of the sum of the interior angles of the triangle equal to 180 degrees plus or minus 5 degrees (175 degrees≤the sum of the interior angles of the triangle≤185 degrees), the Gauss curvature may be zero, but not limited thereto. 
     Another method for determining a Gauss curvature in the present disclosure may take any point P on the curved surface  2 S, where the point P has a direction vector k 1  and a direction vector k 2  that are perpendicular to each other, and each direction vector has a curvature. The Gauss curvature of the curved surface  2 S is the product of the curvature of the direction vector k 1  and the curvature of the direction vector k 2 . As shown in  FIG. 1 , the curvature of the direction vector k 1  and the curvature of the direction vector k 2  are both positive numbers, so that the product of the curvatures of the two direction vectors k 1  and k 2  is also a positive number. Similarly, Gauss curvatures of curved surfaces with other shapes may also be determined by using this method, and not repeated herein. 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic top view of a window according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in  FIG. 2 , the window  1  may include a transparent substrate  2  and a display panel  10 . The transparent substrate  2  may have a Gauss curvature that is not equal to zero, and the display panel  10  may be attached to the transparent substrate  2 . The transparent substrate  2  may be, for example, the aforementioned transparent substrate  2  (as shown in  FIG. 1 ), which has a curved surface  2 S with a Gauss curvature that is not equal to zero, but not limited thereto. The window  1  in the following description will be a car window as an example. In the embodiment of  FIG. 2 , it is viewed from one side of the window  1 , for example, viewed from a top view direction ND of the display panel  10 . The transparent substrate  2  may include, for example, an outer edge  2 S 1  and an outer edge  2 S 2 , but not limited thereto. In an embodiment, the outer edge  2 S 1  may be arc-shaped, and the outer edge  2 S 2  may be substantially straight, but not limited thereto. The two ends of the outer edge  2 S 1  may be connected to the two ends of the outer edge  2 S 2  to form the outer profile of the transparent substrate  2 , but the window  1  of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the top view direction ND of the display panel  10  may be, for example, the normal direction of the tangent plane at any point on the curved surface  2 S, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the window  1  may include, for example, a window of a vehicle, a window of a building, or other windows with curved surfaces. The window  1  may be set in a window frame. In the embodiment of  FIG. 2 , the window frame may be a frame around the window  1  or at least a part of a door  3  of a vehicle, but not limited thereto. 
     In some embodiments, the transparent substrate  2  may include an exposed portion  2 A, a shielded portion  2 B, and an embedded portion  2 C, but not limited thereto. When the window  1  is in a closed state, the exposed portion  2 A may be a portion of the transparent substrate  2  that is not shielded by the door  3 , and the shielded portion  2 B and the embedded portion  2 C may be portions of the transparent substrate  2  that are shielded by the door  3 . For example, when the window  1  is in an open state, the shielded portion  2 B may still be shielded by the door  3 , and the embedded portion  2 C may be exposed and will not be shielded by the door  3 , but not limited thereto. The transparent substrate  2  of the present disclosure is not limited to the aforementioned description. In some embodiments, the exposed portion  2 A, the shielded portion  2 B, and the embedded portion  2 C of the transparent substrate  2  may all have a curved surface  2 S, but not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the exposed portion  2 A and the embedded portion  2 C may have a curved surface  2 S, and the shielded portion  2 B may have a flat surface, but not limited thereto. 
     The display panel  10  of the present disclosure may be a flexible display panel that may be bent toward at least two different directions, so as to conform to the curved surface  2 S with a Gauss curvature not equal to zero. As shown in  FIG. 2 , the display panel  10  may include a flexible substrate  12 , a plurality of light-emitting units  14  and a peripheral circuit  16 , where the light-emitting units  14  and the peripheral circuit  16  may be disposed on the flexible substrate  12 . In detail, the flexible substrate  12  may include a display region R 1 , a peripheral circuit region R 2 , and a dummy region R 3 . The peripheral circuit region R 2  may be adjacent to the display region R 1 , and the dummy region R 3  may be disposed outside the peripheral circuit region R 2  and forms a gap G. In some embodiments, the dummy region R 3  may surround the peripheral circuit region R 2 . For example, the dummy region R 3  may be disposed at the periphery of the peripheral circuit region R 2 , and when the outer perimeter of the dummy region R 3  occupies half or more of the outer perimeter of the peripheral circuit region R 2 , it may be regarded as the dummy region R 3  surrounding the peripheral circuit region R 2 . The light-emitting units  14  may be disposed in the display region R 1  to display images, and the peripheral circuit  16  may be disposed in the peripheral circuit region R 2  to drive the light-emitting units  14 . In the present disclosure, the display region R 1  may be defined by the outer edges or the connection line of the outer corners of the outermost light-emitting units  14 . The peripheral circuit region R 2  may be defined as a region where the light-emitting units  14  are not disposed and the peripheral circuit  16  is disposed therein. For example, the peripheral circuit region R 2  may be a region from the outer edge of a conductive component (for example, a wire or other conductive components) that is firstly met from the outer edge of the flexible substrate  12  inward, to the edge of the display region R 1 , but not limited thereto. The dummy region R 3  may be defined as a region without the peripheral circuit  16  (such as wires, circuits, or components) and the light-emitting units  14 , for example, a region without conductors and semiconductors on the flexible substrate  12 . In other words, the dummy region R 3  may be a region from the outer edge of a conductive component (such as a wire or other component with conductive characteristics) that is firstly met from the outer edge of the flexible substrate  12  inward, to the outer edge of the flexible substrate  12 . In the embodiment of  FIG. 2 , the peripheral circuit region R 2  may completely surround the display region R 1 , but not limited thereto. In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 4 , the peripheral circuit region R 2  may partially surround the display region R 1 , so that a part of the display region R 1  may be adjacent to the dummy region R 3 . Alternatively, as shown in  FIG. 15 , the peripheral circuit region R 2  may be located on one side of the display region R 1 . 
     It should be noted that the dummy region R 3  may be disposed between the peripheral circuit region R 2  and the outer edge of the flexible substrate  12 , and/or between the display region R 1  and the outer edge of the flexible substrate  12 . Therefore, when attaching the display panel  10  to the transparent substrate  2  or cutting the display panel  10 , the dummy region R 3  of the flexible substrate  12  may provide a buffer for attaching or cutting, so as to reduce the damages of the light-emitting units  14  and the peripheral circuit  16  which are caused by being adjacent to the outer edge of the transparent substrate  2  or located in the folds. In addition, the dummy region R 3  of the flexible substrate  12  may also reduce the influence of cracks at the outer edge of the flexible substrate  12  upon the light-emitting units  14  and the peripheral circuit  16 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , the flexible substrate  12  may have a patterned structure to reduce folds or creases caused by attaching the display panel  10  thereto. For example, the flexible substrate  12  may include an opening  12   a  in the display region R 1  and/or the peripheral circuit region R 2 . In detail, the flexible substrate  12  may include a plurality of sub-openings  12   a   1  disposed in the display region R 1  and the peripheral circuit region R 2 , and the sub-openings  12   a   1  may be holes penetrating the flexible substrate  12 , but not limited thereto. In the present disclosure, the openings  12   a  may include a plurality of sub-openings  12   a   1 . Through the design of the openings  12   a , the degree of bending the display panel  10  toward at least two directions at the same time may be increased, and folds or creases are less likely to be produced. Therefore, when the display panel  10  is directly attached to the curved surface  2 S that has a Gauss curvature of not zero and is bent toward at least two different directions at the same time, the display panel  10  may substantially conform to the curved surface  2 S (especially the curved surface  2 S whose Gauss curvature is not zero). In the embodiment of  FIG. 2 , the flexible substrate  12  in the dummy region R 3  may not have an opening, thereby increasing the contact area between the flexible substrate  12  and the curved surface  2 S to help attaching the display panel  10  to the curved surface  2 S, but not limited thereto. In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 18 , the flexible substrate  12  in the dummy region R 3  may also have an opening  12   a.    
     The flexible substrate  12  may include, for example, a stretchable substrate, a bendable substrate, or a foldable substrate. The stretchable substrate may include, for example, a stretchable or malleable substrate. In some embodiments, if the flexible substrate  12  conforms to a curved surface (for example, a curved surface  2 S with a Gauss curvature of not zero) by deformation or other suitable methods, it may be regarded as a stretchable substrate. In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 5 , the flexible substrate  12  may include a substrate  121  and a buffer layer  122 , where the buffer layer  122  may be disposed between the substrate  121  and the light-emitting units  14 , and between the substrate  121  and the peripheral circuit  16 . In the present disclosure, the flexible substrate  12  with openings may mean that the sub-openings  12   a   1  may penetrate through the buffer layer  122  and the substrate  121 . The detailed structures of the substrate  121  and the buffer layer  122  will be described in the following embodiments, and the following embodiments of the substrate  121  and the buffer layer  122  may be applied to the embodiment of  FIG. 2 . 
     Furthermore, in some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 2 , the flexible substrate  12  may include a plurality of island-shaped portions  12 P 1 , a plurality of connecting portions  12 P 2 , and a sheet-shaped portion  12 P 3 . The width of the connecting portion  12 P 2  in the direction perpendicular to its extending direction may be less than a width of one side of the island-shaped portion  12 P 1 , and two adjacent island-shaped portions  12 P 1  may be connected to each other by the connecting portion  12 P 2 , so that the island-shaped portions  12 P 1  and the connecting portions  12 P 2  may be connected to form a grid-like shape. Therefore, the island-shaped portions  12 P 1  and the connecting portions  12 P 2  may form a plurality of sub-openings  12   a   1 . For example, the sheet-shaped portion  12 P 3  may be a sheet structure disposed on the periphery of the island-shaped portions  12 P 1  and the connecting portions  12 P 2 . In some embodiments, the region enclosed by the smallest distance between two adjacent openings  12   a   1  may be the connecting portion  12 P 2 . In other embodiments, a connection line of two adjacent corners of the island-shaped portion  12 P 1  may be as the dividing line between the island-shaped portion  12 P 1  and the connecting portion  12 P 2 . In some embodiments, the maximum thickness of the connecting portion  12 P 2  in the top view direction ND may be less than the maximum thickness of the island-shaped portion  12 P 1  in the top view direction ND, but not limited thereto. In the embodiment of  FIG. 2 , the island-shaped portions  12 P 1  and the connecting portions  12 P 2  may be disposed in the display region R 1  and the peripheral circuit region R 2 , and the sheet-shaped portion  12 P 3  may be at least partially disposed in the dummy region R 3 , but not limited thereto. In  FIG. 2 , the sheet-shaped portion  12 P 3  may be connected to the outermost island-shaped portions  12 P 1  and/or the outermost connecting portions  12 P 2 , but not limited thereto. As shown in  FIG. 2 , one light-emitting unit  14  may be disposed on one island-shaped portion  12 P 1 , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, a plurality of light-emitting units  14  may be disposed on one island-shaped portion  12 P 1 , as shown in  FIG. 3 . 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 2 , the flexible substrate  12  may have an outer edge  12 S 1  and an outer edge  12 S 2 , where the outer edge  12 S 1  may be substantially arc-shaped and disposed along the outer edge  2 S 1  of the transparent substrate  2 , and the outer edge  12 S 2  may be substantially straight and disposed along the outer edge  2 S 2  of the transparent substrate  2 . 
     The light-emitting units  14  may include a light-emitting diode, a fluorescent material, a phosphor material, quantum dots (QD), other suitable display medium, or a combination thereof, but not limited thereto, which are capable of generating light. In some embodiments, the display panel  10  may further include transistors (not shown) and wires (for example, the wires  22  shown in  FIG. 3 ) that are electrically connected to the light-emitting units  14 , the transistors and the peripheral circuit  16 . The transistors and the wires may be disposed in the display region R 1 . The wires may be signal lines, and the signal lines may include, for example, data lines, scan lines, common lines, power lines, and/or other suitable signal lines, but not limited thereto. 
     The peripheral circuit  16  may include, for example, wires, circuits, conductive pads  18  and/or other suitable conductive components. In some embodiments, the wires may be traces, and the traces may include, for example, a line electrically connected to a signal line, a circuit, a conductive pad  18  and/or other suitable conductive components, such as a wire  50  shown in  FIG. 18 . The conductive pad  18  may be, for example, a contact pad. The wires may be disposed on, for example, the island-shaped portion  12 P 1 , the connecting portion  12 P 2 , and the sheet-shaped portion  12 P 3  located in the peripheral circuit region R 2 . In some embodiments, the wires may also optionally include a crack sensing line (not shown), which is a line in the peripheral circuit  16  that is closest to the outer edge of the flexible substrate  12 . Through the crack sensing line, whether the crack sensing line is open may be detected at any time to determine whether the crack extends into the peripheral circuit region R 2  or the display region R 1 . A circuit may be disposed on, for example, the island-shaped portion  12 P 1 , and may be electrically connected to the light-emitting units  14  and/or the conductive pads  18  through wires. The circuit may include, for example, a gate drive circuit, a source drive circuit, a multiplexer (Mux), a demultiplexer (DeMux) and/or other suitable circuits, such as the circuit  52  shown in  FIG. 18 , where the gate drive circuit may be, for example, a gate driver on panel (GOP). The conductive pad  18  may be disposed on, for example, the sheet-shaped portion  12 P 3  in the peripheral circuit region R 2 , and used to electrically connect the light-emitting units  14  to a control chip or other suitable components. A part of the peripheral circuit  16  may be disposed on the periphery of the display region R 1 . In the embodiment of  FIG. 2 , the peripheral circuit  16  may surround the display region R 1 , but not limited thereto. 
     In the present disclosure, the gap G may be defined as the connection line of two points P 1  on the inner side of the dummy region R 3  (for example, the boundary between the dummy region R 3  and the peripheral circuit region R 2 ) that are farthest from the light-emitting units  14 . In this embodiment, the peripheral circuit  16  may extend to the outer edge of the flexible substrate  12  at the gap G to be further electrically connected to other conductive components. In some embodiments, the length of the gap G may be less than the perimeter of the dummy region R 3 . 
     In the embodiment of  FIG. 2 , the conductive pads  18  of the peripheral circuit  16  may be disposed adjacent to the gap G, so that the conductive pads  18  of the peripheral circuit  16  may be electrically connected to other circuits through the gap G. 
     In the embodiment of  FIG. 2 , the display panel  10  may include a circuit board  20  which is electrically connected to the peripheral circuit  16  through the gap G. In detail, the circuit board  20  may be electrically connected to and bonded to the conductive pads  18  of the peripheral circuit  16  through a conductive glue (for example, the conductive glue  26  as shown in  FIG. 5 ), but not limited thereto. The circuit board  20  may include, for example, a flexible circuit board, a rigid circuit board, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, a control chip may optionally be disposed on the circuit board  20 , but not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the display panel  10  may include, for example, a control chip or a control circuit which is disposed on the conductive pads  18  of the peripheral circuit  16 . It should be noted that the circuit board  20  and a part of the peripheral circuit  16  may be disposed on the shielded portion  2 B of the transparent substrate  2  and may be shielded by the door  3  of a vehicle. For example, the circuit board  20  and at least a part of the peripheral circuit  16  may overlap the door  3  in the top view direction ND of the display panel  10 . 
     In addition, as shown in  FIG. 2 , the gap G may have a length L 1 , and the dummy region R 3  may have a perimeter L 2 . The perimeter L 2  of the dummy region R 3  may be defined as a distance from one point P 1  along the outer edge of the dummy region R 3  to another point P 1 . For example, the length L 1  of the gap G may be less than the perimeter L 2  of the dummy region R 3  (L 1 &lt;L 2 ). Alternatively, the length L 1  of the gap G may be less than half of the perimeter L 2  of the dummy region R 3  (L 1 &lt;0.5×L 2 ), or the ratio of the length L 1  of the gap G to the perimeter L 2  may be ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 (0.1×L 2 &lt;L 1 ≤0.4×L 2 ). It should be noted that when the gap G is too small, the density of the wires electrically connected to the conductive pads  18  in the peripheral circuit  16  may be too high, so that the formed wires are likely to be a short-circuit due to incomplete etching or the external particles. When the gap G is too large, the dummy region R 3  may not provide enough space, which increases the risk of damage to the peripheral circuit  16  when attaching and/or cutting the display panel  10 . Therefore, through the aforementioned relationship between the length L 1  of the gap G and the perimeter L 2 , the gap G and the dummy region R 3  may have appropriate dimensions, thereby reducing the short circuit of the peripheral circuit  16  or the damage of the peripheral circuit  16  during attaching or cutting. In some embodiments, the perimeter of the dummy region R 3  may be regarded as the perimeter L 2  of the dummy region R 3 , and the perimeter L 2  may not include a part of the dummy region R 3  connected to the display region R 1  and a part of the dummy region R 3  connected to the peripheral circuit region R 2 . In the embodiment of  FIG. 2 , the gap G may correspond to a part of the outer edge  12 S 2  of the flexible substrate  12 , but not limited thereto. In other words, in the top view direction ND, the gap G and the outer edge  12 S 2  may partially overlap. In some embodiments, the gap G may also correspond to a part of the outer edge  12 S 1  of the flexible substrate  12 . In other words, in the top view direction ND, the gap G and the outer edge  12 S 1  may partially overlap. 
     The display panels and windows of the present disclosure are not limited to the aforementioned embodiments. Variant embodiments and other embodiments of the present disclosure are further mentioned in the following description. In order to facilitate the comparison of different embodiments and simplify the description, the same components will be labeled with the same symbols in the following description. The following description will describe the differences between the different embodiments in detail, and the same features will not be repeated. 
       FIG. 3  is a schematic top view of a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in  FIG. 3 , the gap G may correspond to at least a part of the peripheral circuit region R 2 . For example, according to the design requirements of the vehicle door, for example, the door handle may correspond to the outer edge  12 S 1  of the flexible substrate  12 , and the door may be lifted upwards, or have other suitable designs, or other application requirements. The gap G corresponding to the peripheral circuit  16  may not be limited to be located at the outer edge  12 S 2  of the flexible substrate  12 , at the outer edge  12 S 1 , or at the peripheral circuit region R 2 . 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 3 , a plurality of light-emitting units  14  may be disposed on one island-shaped portion  12 P 1 , but not limited thereto. This case may be applied to any of the aforementioned or the following embodiments. In some embodiments, the display panel  10 A may further include wires  22  electrically connected to the light-emitting units  14 , but not limited thereto. 
       FIG. 4  is a schematic top view of a window according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, and  FIG. 5  is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display panel taken along a cross-sectional line A-A′ of  FIG. 4 . In  FIG. 4 , the right portion is an enlarged schematic diagram of a region RA, mainly showing the conductive pads  18  and the wires  24 , and the circuit board  20  is omitted, but not limited thereto. As shown in  FIG. 4 , in some embodiments, the peripheral circuit  16  of the display panel  10 B may further include wires  24  which extend to the outer edge of the flexible substrate  12 , for example, extend to the outer edge  12 S 2  of the flexible substrate  12 , but not limited thereto. In some embodiments, when the gap G is located at the outer edge  12 S 1 , the wires  24  may extend to the outer edge  12 S 1  of the flexible substrate  12 . In detail, the wires  24  may be electrically connected to the conductive pads  18  and extend to the outer edge of the display panel  10 B, so that the ends of the wires  24  may be exposed and the static charges therein may be discharged. Therefore, the wires  24  may be used as an electrostatic protection component. Through the installation of the wires  24 , the circuit board  20  or the components electrically connected to the conductive pads  18  may be protected from electrostatic damage. The wire  24  may include a semiconductor, a conductor, or a combination thereof. The semiconductor may include, for example, polysilicon, oxide semiconductor, or other suitable semiconductors. The conductor may include, for example, a metal, a transparent conductive compound (e.g., indium tin oxide), or a combination thereof. When the wire  24  includes a semiconductor, since the semiconductor is not easily oxidized by moisture or oxygen, a good electrostatic protection effect may be achieved. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , in an embodiment, the flexible substrate  12  may include a substrate  121  and a buffer layer  122  stacked in sequence. Although not shown in  FIG. 5 , the substrate  121  and the buffer layer  122  may extend into the display region R 1  and the dummy region R 3 . In some embodiments, the substrate  121  may include, for example, a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure. In the case where the substrate  121  includes a multi-layered structure, the substrate  121  may include, for example, a stack of a flexible substrate material  1211 , an inorganic insulating layer  1212 , and a flexible substrate material  1211 , where the inorganic insulating layer  1212  is disposed between the flexible substrate materials  1211 , thereby improving the ability of the flexible substrate  12  to block moisture and oxygen, but not limited thereto. For example, the material of the substrate  121  may include a suitable transparent material, a translucent material, or an opaque substrate material, but not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the flexible substrate material  1211  may include, for example, polycarbonate (PC), polyimide (PI), polypropylene (PP), or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), other suitable materials or a combination thereof, but not limited thereto. The inorganic insulating layer  1212  may include, for example, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, a combination thereof, and/or other suitable inorganic insulating materials. 
     The buffer layer  122  may include a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure. In some embodiments, in the case of the buffer layer  122  including the multi-layered structure, the buffer layer  122  may include a stack of multiple inorganic insulating layers  1221  to improve the ability of the flexible substrate  12  to block moisture and oxygen, but not limited thereto. The number of inorganic insulating layers  1221  in the buffer layer  122  may be adjusted according to requirements. In some embodiments, the inorganic insulating layers  1221  of the buffer layer  122  may include, for example, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, a combination thereof, and/or other suitable inorganic insulating materials. In some embodiments, the buffer layer  122  may also include a stack of an inorganic insulating layer  1221 , an organic insulating layer and an inorganic insulating layer  1221 , but not limited thereto. In the embodiment of  FIG. 5 , the conductive pads  18  may be disposed in holes of the buffer layer  122 , but not limited thereto. In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 5 , the wires  24  may be disposed between the inorganic insulating layers  1221  of the buffer layer  122 , but not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the buffer layer  122  may be omitted, but not limited thereto. 
     It should be noted that because the flexible substrate  12  is patterned, the ability of the flexible substrate  12  to block moisture and oxygen may be reduced. Therefore, the multi-layered buffer layer  122  and the multi-layered substrate  121  may improve the ability of the flexible substrate  12  to block moisture and oxygen, thereby improving the reliability of the display panel  1 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , the circuit board  20  may be electrically connected to the conductive pads  18  through the conductive glue  26 . The conductive glue  26  may include, for example, an anisotropic conductive film (ACF). In some embodiments, the display panel  10 B further includes a protection layer  28  which is disposed on the flexible substrate  12 , the conductive pads  18 , and a part of the circuit board  20  to protect the peripheral circuit  16 , the light-emitting units  14 , and the bonding of the circuit board  20  and the conductive pads  18 . The protection layer  28  may include, for example, organic materials or other suitable materials. 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 4 , the display region R 1  may be adjacent to the dummy region R 3 . For example, the peripheral circuit region R 2  may partially surround the display region R 1 . This placement may be applied to any of the aforementioned or the following embodiments. In some embodiments, the peripheral circuit region R 2  of the embodiment of  FIG. 4  may also surround the display region R 1  or be located on one side of the display region R 1 . 
       FIG. 6  is a schematic top view of a window according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.  FIG. 7  is an enlarged schematic view of a region RB in  FIG. 6 .  FIG. 8  is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the cross-sectional line B-B′ of  FIG. 7 . In order to clearly illustrate the top view structure of the conductive pads  18  and the wires  24  of the display panel  10 B, the circuit board  20  is omitted in  FIG. 6 , and the region RB corresponds to a single conductive pad  18  and a single wire  24 , but not limited thereto. In addition, the substrate  121  is omitted in  FIG. 8  to clearly illustrate the cross-sectional structure of an electrical connection of the conductive pad  18  and the wire  24 , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In the embodiment of  FIG. 6 , the display panel  10 B may include a plurality of conductive pads  18  and a plurality of wires  24 , and the conductive pads  18  may be electrically connected to the corresponding wires  24 , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. As shown in  FIG. 7  and  FIG. 8 , in one embodiment, in addition to the buffer layer  122  and the wires  24 , the display panel  10 B may also include an insulating layer  30 , a first conductive layer C 1 , an insulating layer  32 , a second conductive layer C 2 , an insulating layer  34 , a third conductive layer C 3  and/or a flattening layer  36 , but not limited thereto. In the embodiment of  FIG. 7  and  FIG. 8 , the wire  24  may be disposed on the buffer layer  122 . For example, the wire  24  and the semiconductor layer of the transistor in the display region R 1  of the display panel  10 B may include the same material, be formed by the same process, or be formed of the same layer. The insulating layer  30  may be disposed on the wire  24  and the buffer layer  122 . The first conductive layer C 1  may include an electrode  38  and be disposed on the insulating layer  30 . The insulating layer  32  may be disposed on the first conductive layer C 1 . The insulating layer  30  and the insulating layer  32  may have a hole TH 1  corresponding to the wire  24 , and the insulating layer  32  may have a hole TH 2  and a plurality of holes TH 3 . The second conductive layer C 2  is formed on the insulating layer  32  and may include a connecting line  40  and an electrode  42 . The connecting line  40  may extend into the hole TH 1  and the hole TH 2  to be electrically connected to the wire  24  and the electrode  38 , so that the wire  24  and the electrode  38  may be electrically connected to each other. The electrode  42  may extend into the holes TH 3  to be electrically connected to the electrode  38 . The insulating layer  34  is disposed on the second conductive layer C 2  and has a hole TH 4  corresponding to the electrode  38 . The third conductive layer C 3  is formed on the insulating layer  34  and includes an electrode  44 . The electrode  44  may extend into the hole TH 4  to be electrically connected to the electrode  42 . Therefore, the electrode  44  may be electrically connected to the corresponding wire  24  through the electrode  42 , the electrode  38  and the connecting line  40 . In  FIG. 8 , the conductive pad  18  may be, for example, a multi-layered structure, and includes the electrode  44 , the electrode  42  and the electrode  38 , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Through the connecting line  40 , the conductive pad  18  may be electrically connected to the corresponding wire  24 , and through the connecting line  40 , the static charges may be guided to the outer edge of the display panel  10 B through the wire  24 , thereby reducing the damage of the display panel  10 B by the static electricity. It should be noted that since the electrode  44  extends into the hole TH 4 , it may have an undulating upper surface. When the circuit board is bonded to the conductive pad  18  through the conductive glue, the undulating upper surface of the electrode  44  may help increasing the bonding area of the electrode  44  and the circuit board, thereby improving the degree of bonding between the conductive pad  18  and the circuit board. 
     For example, the first conductive layer C 1 , the second conductive layer C 2 , and the third conductive layer C 3  may each include a metal, a transparent conductive compound, other suitable conductive materials, or a combination thereof, but not limited thereto. The metal may include, for example, molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), copper (Cu), other suitable metals, or a combination thereof. The transparent conductive compound may include, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO) or other suitable transparent conductive materials. The first conductive layer C 1 , the second conductive layer C 2 , and the third conductive layer C 3  may be, for example, a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure. The multi-layered structure may include, for example, a stack of molybdenum/aluminum/molybdenum, a stack of titanium/aluminum/titanium, a stack of titanium/aluminum/molybdenum, a stack of titanium/copper/titanium, or other suitable metal stacked combinations. 
     The insulating layer  30 , the insulating layer  32 , the insulating layer  34 , and the flattening layer  36  may include insulating materials. For example, the insulating materials may include inorganic insulating materials or organic insulating materials. The inorganic insulating material may include, for example, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, or other suitable inorganic materials. In some embodiments, the insulating layer  32  may include a multi-layered structure, for example, including multiple insulating layers  321 . In some embodiments, the two insulating layers  321  adjacent to each other may include different insulating materials, such as silicon oxide and silicon nitride, but not limited thereto. 
       FIG. 9  is a schematic top view of a window according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in  FIG. 9 , in some embodiments, the flexible substrate  12  may optionally include a crack blocking structure  46  disposed in the dummy region R 3  to prevent the side cracks of the flexible substrate  12  from further extending to the peripheral circuit region R 2  and the display region R 1 , thereby reducing the damage of the display panel  10 C. For example, the crack blocking structure  46  may include at least one groove. The groove may extend along the outer edge  12 S 1  of the flexible substrate  12 , and both ends of the groove may be, for example, adjacent to the outer edge  12 S 2  of the flexible substrate  12 . In some embodiments, the groove adjacent to the outer edge  12 S 2  may be bent toward the peripheral circuit region R 2 , so that at least one end of the groove may be adjacent to the peripheral circuit region R 2 , but not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the peripheral circuit region R 2  may surround or partially surround the display region R 1 , or be located on one side of the display region R 1 . In some embodiments, the crack blocking structure  46  as shown in  FIG. 9  may be applied to any of the aforementioned or the following embodiments. 
       FIG. 10  is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in  FIG. 10 , in some embodiments, the crack blocking structure  46  may have at least one groove, and the groove may be located in the buffer layer  122 . In  FIG. 10 , the buffer layer  122  may be, for example, a single-layered inorganic insulating layer, and the crack blocking structure  46  includes a groove  461  and a groove  462  as an example, but not limited thereto. In this case, the width W 1  of the crack blocking structure  46  may be defined as the distance from the edge of the groove  461  closest to the display region (for example, the display region R 1  shown in  FIG. 9 ) to the edge of the groove  462  farthest from the display region (viewed from the cross-sectional direction of  FIG. 10 ), where the groove  461  is closest to the display region and the groove  462  is farthest from the display region. In some embodiments, the width W 1  of the crack blocking structure  46  may be the distance from the edge at the bottom of the groove  461  closest to the display region to the edge at the bottom of the groove  462  farthest from the display region (viewed from the section direction), where the groove  461  is closest to the display region and the groove  462  is farthest from the display region. 
     As shown in  FIG. 10 , in an embodiment, a depth of a groove (for example, the depth H 1  of the groove  461 ) may be less than the thickness T 1  of the buffer layer  122 . In some embodiments, a groove (for example, the groove  462 ) may penetrate through the buffer layer  122  to expose the substrate  121 , and the groove  462  may have a depth H 2  that is approximately the same as the thickness T 1  of the buffer layer  122 . In some embodiments, a groove (for example, the groove  462 ) may penetrate through the buffer layer  122  and a part of the substrate  121 , and the depth H 2  of the groove  462  may be greater than the thickness T 1  of the buffer layer  122 . In some embodiments, the protection layer  28  may be disposed in the groove  461  and the groove  462 , but not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the buffer layer  122  may have a taper angle θ at the sidewall of the groove  461  and/or the groove  462 , and the taper angle θ may be, for example, ranged from about 70 degrees to about 90 degrees, such as 80 degrees, but not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the crack blocking structure  46  as shown in  FIG. 10  may be applied to any of the aforementioned or the following embodiments. 
       FIG. 11  is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in  FIG. 11 , in some embodiments, the buffer layer  122  of the flexible substrate  12  may be, for example, a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure. The multi-layered structure may include, for example, an inorganic insulating layer  1221  and an inorganic insulating layer  1222 . The groove  461  of the crack blocking structure  46  may penetrate through the inorganic insulating layer  1221 , but does not penetrate through the inorganic insulating layer  1222 . The number of the inorganic insulating layer  1221  and the number of the inorganic insulating layer  1222  may each be, for example, one or more layers. In the embodiment of  FIG. 11 , the groove  461  may penetrate through the multiple inorganic insulating layers  1221 , and the groove  461  does not penetrate through the inorganic insulating layer  1222 . The inorganic insulating layer  1221  penetrated by the groove  461  may have a taper angle θ, and the taper angle θ may be, for example, ranged from about 70 degrees to about 90 degrees. 
     In the embodiment of  FIG. 11 , the width W 1  of the crack blocking structure  46  may be defined as the distance from the edge (that is closest to the display region) of one groove  461  closest to the display region (for example, the display region R 1  as shown in  FIG. 9 ) to the edge (that is farthest from the display region) of another groove  461  farthest from the display region (viewed from the cross-sectional direction). In some embodiments, the width W 1  of the crack blocking structure  46  may be the distance from the edge (that is closest to the display region) at the bottom of one groove  461  closest to the display region to the edge (that is farthest from the display region) at the bottom of another groove  461  farthest from the display region (viewed from the cross-sectional direction). For example, the width W 1  of the crack blocking structure  46  may be greater than or equal to 10 μm, and less than or equal to 100 μm (10 μm≤W 1 ≤100 μm), such as 30 μm, 50 μm, 70 μm, or 90 μm, but not limited thereto. Alternatively, the width W 1  of the crack blocking structure  46  may be greater than or equal to 20 μm and less than or equal to 40 μm (20 μm≤W 1 ≤40 μm). In some embodiments, the crack blocking structure  46  shown in  FIG. 11  may be applied to any of the aforementioned or the following embodiments. 
       FIG. 12  is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in  FIG. 12 , in some embodiments, in addition to the grooves  461 , the crack blocking structure  46  may further include an inorganic insulating layer  463  and an organic insulating layer  464  which are disposed between the protection layer  28  and the buffer layer  122 . In the embodiment of  FIG. 12 , the organic insulating layer  464  may be disposed in the grooves  461 , and the inorganic insulating layer  463  is disposed on the organic insulating layer  464  and the buffer layer  122 , such that the part of the inorganic insulating layer  463  disposed on the organic insulating layer  464  is separated from the buffer layer  122 . In the embodiment of  FIG. 12 , a cross section from the side of the groove  461  near the display region (for example, the display region R 1  shown in  FIG. 9 ) to the side of the groove  461  near the dummy region (for example, the dummy region R 3  shown in  FIG. 9 ) is observed. In the cross section, for example, perpendicular to the extending direction of the crack blocking structure  46 , the width W 1  of the crack blocking structure  46  may be defined as the distance from the projection of a starting point to the projection of an end point projected onto the same horizontal plane (for example, the surface of the substrate  121 ), where the starting point and the end point are respectively two points where the inorganic insulating layer  463  starts to and ends to be separated from the buffer layer  122 . In this case, the width W 1  of the crack blocking structure  46  may be greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 100 μm (10 μm≤W 1 ≤100 μm), such as 20 μm, 40 μm, 60 μm, or 84 μm. In some embodiments, the organic insulating layer  464  may have a maximum height H 3 , and the height H 3  may be, for example, greater than or equal to 0.5 μm and less than or equal to 10 μm (0.5 μm≤H 3 ≤10 μm), such as 2 μm, 4 μm, 6 μm, or 8 μm, or greater than or equal to 1 μm and less than or equal to 3 μm (1 μm≤H 3 ≤3 μm). In the embodiment of  FIG. 12 , a part of the inorganic insulating layer  463  may be in contact with the uppermost inorganic insulating layer  1221  of the buffer layer  122 , and another part of the inorganic insulating layer  463  may be in contact with the inorganic insulating layer  1222  of the buffer layer  122 , but not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the parts of the inorganic insulating layer  463  located on two sides of the organic insulating layer  464  may be both in contact with the uppermost inorganic insulating layer  1221  of the buffer layer  122 . 
     In some embodiments, the inorganic insulating layer  1222  of the buffer layer  122  that is not penetrated by the grooves  461  may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure. For example, the multi-layered structure of the inorganic insulating layer  1222  may include different insulating materials, such as silicon oxide or silicon nitride, respectively. For example, silicon oxide layers and silicon nitride layers may be alternately stacked. In some embodiments, the inorganic insulating layer  463  may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure. For example, the multi-layered structure of the inorganic insulating layer  463  may include different insulating materials, such as silicon oxide or silicon nitride, respectively. For example, silicon oxide layers and silicon nitride layers may be alternately stacked. In some embodiments, the crack blocking structure  46  described above may be applied to any of the aforementioned or the following embodiments. 
       FIG. 13  is a schematic partial top view of a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.  FIG. 14  is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the cross-sectional line C-C′ of  FIG. 13 . In order to clearly show the relationships between the crack blocking structure  46  and the outer edge of the flexible substrate  12  and between the crack blocking structure  46  and the peripheral circuit  16 ,  FIG. 13  illustrates the part of the flexible substrate  12  adjacent to the junction of the outer edge  12 S 1  and the outer edge  12 S 2 , but not limited thereto. As shown in  FIG. 13 , in some embodiments, a distance d 1  between the crack blocking structure  46  and the peripheral circuit region R 2  may be less than a distance d 2  between the crack blocking structure  46  and the outer edge of the dummy region R 3 . As shown in  FIG. 13 , the distance d 1  may be, for example, the distance (minimum distance) between the groove  461  and the peripheral circuit region R 2  in the direction parallel to the extending direction of the gap G, and the distance d 2  may be between the groove  461  and the outer edge of the flexible substrate  12  (i.e., the outer edge  12 S 1  of the dummy region R 3 ) along the extension line of the distance d 1 . It should be noted that since the distance d 1  is less than the distance d 2 , when the display panel  10 C is cut, the damage of the crack blocking structure  46  caused by cutting may be reduced. 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 13 , a part of the dummy region R 3  may extend to be between the peripheral circuit region R 2  and the outer edge  12 S 2  of the flexible substrate  12 , but not limited thereto. 
     In the embodiment of  FIG. 14 , when the crack blocking structure  46  includes a plurality of grooves  461 , the distance d 1  between the crack blocking structure  46  and the peripheral circuit region R 2  may refer to the distance between the outer edge of the grooves  461  and the peripheral circuit  16  as viewed from the top view direction ND of the display panel  10 C, where this groove  461  is closest to the peripheral circuit region R 2 , and the outer edge is at the bottom of the groove  461  and adjacent to the peripheral circuit region R 2 . The distance d 2  between the crack blocking structure  46  and the outer edge of the dummy region R 3  may refer to the distance between the edge of the groove  461  and the outer edge of the flexible substrate  12  as viewed from the top view direction ND of the display panel  10 C, where this groove  461  is closest to the outer edge of the flexible substrate  12 , and the outer edge is at the bottom of the groove  461  and adjacent to the outer edge of the flexible substrate  12 . In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 14 , the groove  461  may penetrate through the buffer layer  122 , but not limited thereto. 
     In some embodiments, when the crack blocking structure  46  is the structure as shown in  FIG. 12 , the distance d 1  between the crack blocking structure  46  and the peripheral circuit region R 2  may refer to the distance between the outer edge of the organic insulating layer  464  adjacent to the peripheral circuit region R 2  and the peripheral circuit  16  as viewed from the top view direction ND of the display panel  10 C. The distance d 2  between the crack blocking structure  46  and the outer edge of the dummy region R 3  may refer to the distance between the edge of the organic insulating layer  464  adjacent to the outer edge of the dummy region R 3  and the outer edge of the dummy region R 3 . 
       FIG. 15  is a schematic top view of a window according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in  FIG. 15 , the width W 2  of the dummy region R 3  may be greater than or equal to 50 μm and less than or equal to half of the width W 3  of the display region R 1  (50 μm≤W 2 ≤0.5×W 3 ). The width W 3  of the display region R 1  herein may be defined as the maximum width of the display region R 1  in any direction. For example, the width W 2  of the dummy region R 3  may be the minimum width of the dummy region R 3  in the direction parallel to the extending direction of the gap G, and the width W 3  of the display region R 1  may be the maximum width in the direction parallel to the extending direction of the gap G. It should be noted that the dummy region R 3  with sufficient width may allow the deviation of attaching when the display panel  10 D is attached to the transparent substrate  2 , thereby reducing the error caused by attaching the light-emitting units  14  and/or the peripheral circuit  16  to a region beyond the transparent substrate  2 . Alternatively, due to the deposition process, such as a physical vapor deposition or a chemical vapor deposition, the film thickness formed in the region adjacent to the edge of the substrate (for example, the substrate  121  shown in  FIG. 5 ) is likely to be uneven. Therefore, through the aforementioned range of the width W 2  of the dummy region R 3 , it may reduce or prevent the peripheral circuit  16  from being formed of an uneven film. 
     In some embodiments, the dummy region R 3  may be adjacent to the display region R 1 , so that the peripheral circuit region R 2  is located on the side of the display region R 1  adjacent to the gap G. This placement may be applied to any of the aforementioned or the following embodiments. In some embodiments, the peripheral circuit region R 2  of the embodiment of  FIG. 15  may also surround or partially surround the display region R 1 . 
       FIG. 16  is a schematic top view of a display panel attached to a transparent substrate before cutting according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.  FIG. 17  is a schematic cross-sectional view of the display panel and the transparent substrate of a region RC in  FIG. 16  after attaching and cutting. As shown in  FIG. 16 , before cutting the display panel  10 E, the dimension of the display panel  10 E may be greater than the exposed portion  2 A of the transparent substrate  2 . In addition, after the display panel  10 E is attached to the transparent substrate  2 , a cutting tool  48  may be used to remove the portion of the display panel  10 E beyond the edge of the transparent substrate  2 . In detail, the portion of the display panel  10 E that exceeds the transparent substrate  2  is the dummy region R 3  of the flexible substrate  12 , so that a part of the dummy region R 3  of the flexible substrate  12  is removed while cutting. Therefore, through designing the dummy region R 3  of the flexible substrate  12  to extend beyond the outer edge of the exposed portion  2 A of the transparent substrate  2  before cutting, the difficulty of alignment may be reduced and/or the duration of attaching may be reduced. 
     As shown in  FIG. 17 , after cutting the display panel  10 E, there is a distance d 3  between the outer edge of the display panel  10 E (for example, the outer edge  12 S 1  of the flexible substrate  12 ) and the outer edge of the transparent substrate  2  (for example, the outer edge  2 S 1  of the transparent substrate  2 ). For example, the distance d 3  may be greater than or equal to 1 millimeter (mm) and less than or equal to 20 millimeters (1 mm≤d 3 ≤20 mm), such as 5 mm, 10 mm, or 15 mm, but not limited thereto. It should be noted that in the application of vehicle windows, the distance d 3  between the outer edge of the display panel  10 E and the outer edge of the transparent substrate  2  may be used to reduce the peeling of the display panel  10 E caused by the opening and closing of the window. In some embodiments, the shape of the display panel  10 E before cutting may be the same or similar to the shape of the transparent substrate  2 . Alternatively, the shape of the display panel  10 E may be the same as the shape of the transparent substrate  2  after cutting. 
       FIG. 18  is a schematic top view of a window according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in  FIG. 18 , in some embodiments, the opening  12   a  may be further located in the dummy region R 3 . Specifically, the flexible substrate  12  in the dummy region R 3  may also have a patterned structure, that is, the flexible substrate  12  may include a plurality of sub-openings  12   a   1  disposed in the dummy region R 3 . Therefore, the opening  12   a  composed of all the sub-openings  12   a   1  may be located in the display region R 1 , the peripheral circuit region R 2 , and the dummy region R 3 . In detail, the sheet-shaped portion  12 P 3  of the flexible substrate  12  may overlap with the door  3  of a vehicle in the top view direction ND of the display panel  10 F, and is disposed on the shielded portion  2 B of the transparent substrate  2 . Therefore, a plurality of island-shaped portions  12 P 1  and a plurality of connecting portions  12 P 2  of the flexible substrates  12  may be disposed in the display region R 1 , the peripheral circuit region R 2 , and the dummy region R 3 . In this case, the outer edge of a part of the dummy region R 3  may be defined by the outer edges or the connection line of the outer corners of the outermost island-shaped portions  12 P 1  of the flexible substrate  12 . Through disposing the opening  12   a  in the dummy region R 3 , the display panel  10 F may substantially conform to the curved surface  2 S that has a Gauss curvature of not zero and is bent toward at least two different directions at the same time. 
     In some embodiments, the shapes of the island-shaped portions  12 P 1  in the display region R 1 , the peripheral circuit region R 2 , and the dummy region R 3  may be substantially the same, or the shapes of the island-shaped portions  12 P 1  in at least two of the aforementioned regions may be different. For example, the shape of the island-shaped portion  12 P 1  may include a rhombus, a rectangle, or other suitable shapes. In some embodiments, the sizes of the island-shaped portions  12 P 1  in the display region R 1 , the peripheral circuit region R 2  and the dummy region R 3  may be substantially the same, or the sizes of the island-shaped portions  12 P 1  in at least two of the aforementioned regions may be different. For example, the size of the island-shaped portion  12 P 1  in the dummy region R 3  may be greater than the size of the island-shaped portion  12 P 1  in the peripheral circuit region R 2 , and the size of the island-shaped portion  12 P 1  in the peripheral circuit region R 2  may be greater than the size of the island-shaped portion  12 P 1  in the display region R 1 , but not limited thereto. 
     In some embodiments, the peripheral circuit  16  may include wires  50  disposed on at least one of the island-shaped portions  12 P 1 . In some embodiments, the peripheral circuit  16  may include a circuit  52  and wires  50  disposed on at least one of the island-shaped portions  12 P 1 . 
     In some embodiments, when the opening  12   a  may be further located in the dummy region R 3 , the display region R 1  may be adjacent to the dummy region R 3 . For example, the peripheral circuit region R 2  may partially surround the display region R 1 . Alternatively, the dummy region R 3  may be adjacent to the display region R 1 , so that the peripheral circuit region R 2  is located on the side of the display region R 1  adjacent to the gap G. 
     In summary, in the windows of the present disclosure, the transparent substrate has a Gauss curvature that is not equal to zero. In order to reduce damage to the peripheral circuit and the light-emitting units in the display panel after being attached to the transparent substrate, the flexible substrate of the display panel may have a dummy region without a conductor and a semiconductor on the periphery of the peripheral circuit. Therefore, when the display panel is attached to the transparent substrate or the display panel is cut, the dummy region of the flexible substrate may provide a buffer for attaching or cutting. Alternatively, the placement of the dummy region may also reduce the influence of the cracks at the outer edge of the flexible substrate upon the light-emitting units and the peripheral circuit. Through the aforementioned designs, the flexible display panel may be attached to the curved surface with the Gauss curvature that is not equal to zero, thereby enhancing the application fields of the display panels. 
     Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerous modifications and alterations of the device and method may be made while retaining the teachings of the disclosure. Accordingly, the above disclosure should be construed as limited only by the metes and bounds of the appended claims.