Patent Publication Number: US-8540418-B2

Title: Wear and shock resistant escapement lever for a timepiece movement

Description:
This application claims priority from European Patent Application No. 10171477.2 filed Jul. 30, 2010, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention concerns an escapement lever for the escapement mechanism of a timepiece movement, including at least one fork delimiting a notch which includes horns arranged for cooperating with a balance. 
     The invention also concerns an escapement mechanism including an escapement lever of this type. 
     The invention also concerns a timepiece including at least one escapement lever of this type, and/or escapement mechanism of this type. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention concerns the field of timepiece mechanisms, and more specifically the field of escapement mechanisms. 
     In a mechanism of this type, the escapement lever cooperates both with a balance and with an escapement wheel. On both sides, the escapement lever works with shocks, on the one hand via the fork, including horns, which cooperates with the impulse pin of the balance and on the other hand via the pallet stones which cooperate periodically with the escapement wheel. These incessant shocks generate wear, and thus over time cause deterioration of the properties of the movement. In particular, in an escapement mechanism, wear at the fork notches results in a decrease in the overall efficiency of the escapement and a drop in amplitude. The problem is therefore to reduce the wear of the escapement mechanism, particularly the escapement lever, and to make the contact zone between the escapement lever and the balance elastic, while respecting the space requirements imposed by the mechanism. 
     Few patent documents mention the problem of wear. The rare solutions put forward propose surface coatings, a particular choice of materials, the use of bearings, or reducing inertia by using short lever arms. The choice of particular materials or surface coatings does not reduce shocks, but delays the effect thereof. The use of ball bearings is ill-suited to a system permanently subject to shocks, and the lifetime of bearings in such mechanisms is generally reduced, which is incompatible with a timepiece. Reducing inertia is more advantageous, but it is difficult to act on an existing movement and modify its kinematics. 
     It will be noted in this regard that another method of reducing inertia is known from EP Patent No. 0 732 635 in the name of CSEM, through the use of silicon or similar components. 
     Some patent documents concern mechanical resistance, which is the closest problem to that addressed by the invention. 
     Thus, there is known U.S. Pat. No. 2,717,488 in the name of La Générale Horlogère relating to an escapement with a reduced noise level, which includes an escapement wheel with radial notches for damping shocks associated with the impact of the escapement wheel teeth on the pallet-stones, wherein each tooth is also able to rest on the next tooth, because of the flexibility provided by the notch, which confers a certain robustness on the wheel in addition to the desired flexibility. The notches must be sufficiently large to grant the whole of each tooth flexibility relative to an attachment area in relation to which the notch allows each tooth a degree of freedom to pivot. This arrangement is not applicable to numerous components, for which pivoting mobility is incompatible with their operational kinematics. 
     There is also known EP Patent No. 1 870 784 in the name of OMEGA, which discloses a wheel without a felloe but including teeth, and which proposes a solution preventing the teeth from being damaged by shocks. The wheel according to that patent includes flexible bent arms, which bend tangentially and with decreasing width towards the wheel periphery. These arms each include an end tooth, which is also flexible. Although this type of wheel may suit an escapement wheel, like the preceding patent document, the arrangement thereof is less suitable for the particular kinematics linked to certain components such as escapement levers. Moreover, fitting an escapement mechanism with this type of escapement wheel involves replacing the original wheel with this special wheel, without any possibility of re-using the original one. 
     Various documents propose mechanisms intended to reduce the operational play in the gears, or even to reduce the effect of impact or impulses on some components. Thus there is also known EP Patent Application 1 555 584 A1 in the name of ROLEX SA, which discloses a toothed wheel set, with teeth for taking up play, including slots arranged in the teeth, which are combined with stop means for limiting the amplitude of movement allowed by the slots in accordance with the gear play to be taken up. In a similar manner, JP Patent Application No. 63 130961 in the name of KIYOUIKU HAGURAMA KOGYO KK discloses teeth whose elasticity is provided by slots or chambers. EP Patent Application No. 1 380 772 A1 in the name of WIEDERRECHT discloses a gear of this type. EP Patent Application No. 1 983 389 A1 in the name of ETA SA presents an escapement mechanism wherein a balance roller has slots in proximity to impulse pallets arranged for cooperating with escapement wheels. U.S. Pat. No. 443,363 A in the name of HANSEN discloses an escapement mechanism including resilient damping means. WO Patent Application No. 2010/063393 A1 in the name of ROLLS ROYCE PLC discloses another toothing with teeth made flexible by the presence of slots connected to chambers. 
     In these embodiments, the travel, inherent in the flexibility of the arms, evaluated at the teeth is on the order of several hundredths or several tenths of a millimeter, which may prove too much in some mechanisms. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the present invention to overcome all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks. In order to overcome the particular problem of escapement lever wear, the object of the invention is to make the contact zone between the escapement lever and the balance elastic, while observing a certain space requirement. 
     The invention therefore concerns a escapement lever for the escapement mechanism of a timepiece movement, including at least one fork delimiting a notch, which includes horns arranged for cooperating with a balance, characterized in that said fork notch includes, in at least one of said horns, a slot and/or a chamber, for delimiting at least one elastic lip extending between a contact surface and said slot or chamber, said slot or chamber being arranged to confer some elasticity on the corresponding horn, which softens the shock during each impulse by absorbing part of the impact energy and then returning it subsequent to said impact. 
     According to a feature of the invention, said at least one horn performs an impulse or percussion function during intermittent contacts with at least one contact surface comprised in an end contact zone, and in that said at least one horn has some flexibility due to at least one said slot and/or chamber, made micrometrically in proximity to said at least one contact surface, to delimit at least one elastic lip extending between said contact surface and said at least one slot and/or chamber. 
     According to a feature of the invention, said at least one elastic lip includes, on one of the external surfaces thereof, at least one said contact surface. 
     According to a feature of the invention, said at least one elastic lip extends between said contact surface and said at least one slot and/or chamber, and at least another peripheral surface of said horn. 
     The invention also concerns an escapement mechanism including a escapement lever of this type. 
     The invention also concerns a timepiece including at least one escapement lever of this type, and/or escapement mechanism of this type. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Other features and advantages will appear clearly from the following description, given by way of non-limiting indication, with reference to the annexed drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  shows a schematic, partial perspective view of a timepiece escapement lever according to the invention, in a first variant, wherein the escapement lever includes horns provided with slots delimiting elastic lips opening at an inner surface of each horn; 
         FIG. 2  shows a schematic, partial, perspective view of a timepiece escapement lever to which the method of the invention has been applied, in a second variant wherein the escapement lever includes horns provided with slots delimiting elastic lips opening at an external surface of each horn; 
         FIG. 3  shows a schematic, partial, perspective view of a timepiece escapement lever to which the method of the invention has been applied, in a third variant, wherein the escapement lever includes horns provided with slots delimiting elastic lips opening at an inner surface of each horn, and slots delimiting elastic lips opening at an outer surface of each horn; 
         FIG. 4  shows a schematic, partial, cross-section along a median fork notch plane, the escapement lever of  FIG. 1 , seen in a direction A; 
         FIG. 5  shows a schematic, partial, end view of the escapement lever of  FIG. 2  seen in a direction B; 
         FIG. 6  shows a schematic, partial, front view of a timepiece escapement lever to which the method of the invention has been applied, in a fourth variant, wherein the escapement lever includes horns, each provided with a slot delimiting a flexible zone, and not opening at an inner or outer surface of each horn, but only at lateral surfaces of said horns; 
         FIG. 7  shows a schematic, partial, front view of a timepiece escapement lever to which the method according to the invention has been applied, in a fifth variant wherein said escapement lever includes a chamber that does not open out, delimiting a flexible zone; 
         FIG. 8  shows a schematic, partial cross-section of the escapement lever of  FIG. 7  along a plane CC perpendicular to the plane of the fork, 
         FIG. 9  shows a schematic, partial, front view of a detail of the deformation of an elastic lip made according to the invention, 
         FIG. 10  shows schematically the development of the deformation of this elastic lip; 
         FIG. 11  shows schematically a detail of the cooperation between a flexible fork notch of a escapement lever according to the invention, in the example embodiment of  FIG. 1 , with an impulse pin of a balance roller; 
         FIG. 12  is a diagram illustrating the clearance, as a function of time, of the end of the escapement lever horn of  FIG. 11 , in response to a given impact; 
         FIG. 13  is a comparative diagram, in the same conditions, of a conventional escapement lever with a solid horn and without the elastic lip or chamber made according to the invention; 
         FIGS. 14 to 23  illustrate schematically and in perspective, various escapement lever configurations according to the invention; 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The invention concerns a escapement lever for the escapement mechanism of a timepiece movement, including at least one fork delimiting a notch which includes horns arranged for cooperating with a balance. 
     It is an object of the invention to perfect a method of improving the resistance to wear and shocks of a timepiece movement component which performs an impulse or percussion function during intermittent contacts on at least one contact surface comprised in an end contact zone, hereinafter referred to as a horn. More specifically, this method is for making a escapement lever for a timepiece movement that is resistant to wear and shocks, or for transforming an existing escapement lever to confer these properties thereon. 
     The invention is described with more particular reference to the preferred case of an escapement mechanism escapement lever, although this embodiment is not restrictive. 
     The term “horn” is chosen for the purpose of simplifying the explanation. Although the components to which the invention is preferably applied are salient, they may also include inward surfaces, and the invention applies thereto in the same way. 
     According to the invention, this end horn is made flexible by the arrangement of at least one micrometric slot or chamber in proximity to the contact surface or surfaces (as appropriate), to delimit at least one elastic lip extending between said contact surface and said at least one slot or chamber, as seen in  FIGS. 1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  6  and  7 . 
     According to one feature of the invention, said at least one elastic lip is made to include, on one of the outer surfaces thereof, at least one said contact surface. 
     This method may be implemented both during fabrication of new components and in order to improve existing components. However, as will be seen in the description below, some embodiments only apply to new fabrication. In particular, this is the case when a micro-machinable material is chosen to make a timepiece component using MEMS technology or the LIGA technique, which is particularly suited for implementing the invention. 
     The following description will refer to the “making” of components, and it should therefore be understood that this includes both new fabrication and any improvement to a component or movement. 
     In a particular embodiment of the invention, this slot or chamber is made to delimit the elastic lip between the contact surface, the slot or chamber and at least one other peripheral surface of the horn. 
     In a preferred, but non-restrictive manner, the lip (and thus the slot or chamber) is made substantially perpendicular, or perpendicular, to a plane in which the component develops, said plane being orthogonal to the contact surface or surfaces (as appropriate). 
     Preferably, at least one slot, which opens at lateral surfaces comprised in the horn parallel to said plane, is made by wire electro erosion, or by laser, in the case of a escapement lever made in a conventional manner by stamping or suchlike. Or, when a micro-machinable material is chosen for fabricating said component using MEMS technology or the LIGA method, this slot is made during fabrication of the component in accordance with MEMS technology or the LIGA method. 
     In an embodiment wherein it is chosen to make the horn flexible by forming at least one chamber, said chamber is made in the thickness of the horn, without any access to any of the external surfaces of said horn, during fabrication of said component in micro-machinable material using MEMS technology or the LIGA method. It is also possible to make such chambers with more conventional materials such as steel or alloys, but this involves more expensive multi-layering. 
     The flexibility given to the horn should not weaken said horn or impair the mechanical resistance thereof. Any irreversible plastic deformation should be avoided. The flexibility must not, in particular, lead to wide amplitude oscillations around an attachment area, which would, sooner or later, result in fatigue in the metalllurgical sense, and a risk of breaking the elastic lip or even the actual horn. It is thus preferable for the width, i.e. the smallest dimension of the slot or chamber, to be very small, so as to give the elastic lip flexibility, but without allowing any movement that would, over time, impair resistance. 
       FIGS. 9 and 19  are diagrams of the deformation of an elastic lip  20  arranged in a horn  3  of a escapement lever  1 , in proximity to a slot  5 . An impact force F is applied to a contact surface S. Surface S is at a distance L 1  from the point A where elastic lip  5  is fitted. Said lip has a total length L 2 . Slot  5  has a width E 1  and lip  20  has a thickness E 2 . The elastic line of elastic lip  5  follows a function D=B(y) which depends on the material and values of F, L 2  and E 2 . 
     According to the invention, the deformation of lip  20  over the entire length thereof AB, i.e. L 2 , is made to remain within the elastic domain. The deformation depends upon the material, F, E 2  and L 1  or L 2 . 
     It is also ensured that for the maximum admitted value Fm of F and the maximum value of y, i.e. L 2 , D is less than E 1 , i.e. there is no contact between elastic lip  20  and the rest of horn  3 . 
     In an example embodiment of a escapement lever  1  made of steel grade S15P with a limit of elasticity of 210 GPa, and with an impact force F of 80 mN, for the dimensions E 1 =15 μm, E 2 =30 μm, and L 2 =150 μm, a maximum value of D equal=2 μm is obtained and a stress level of less than 800 MPa. 
     Preferably, the smallest dimension of the elastic lip is limited, in order to provide sufficient flexibility. 
     In short, the deformations of the elastic lip remain within the elastic domain of the material of which it is formed. Width E 2  is an important parameter in the sizing of the lip, since it must be ensured that the combination of impact force F and the dimensions of the elastic lip cause deformations that are within the elastic domain thereof. 
     Preferably, width E 2  of the elastic lip is less than a quarter of its length L 2 , and, preferably, less than an eighth of L 2 . In a preferred application, this width E 2  is also less than or equal to 30 μm. 
     The smallest dimension of slot E 1  must be just large enough to prevent any contact between point B of the lip and the other part of horn  3 . 
     Advantageously, this slot or chamber is made with a smallest dimension of several micrometers, in a ratio of less than one eighth relative to its development in length. 
     Preferably, the smallest dimension of the elastic lip is also limited to provide sufficient flexibility. 
     The invention also applies particularly well to the components of an escapement mechanism, which are those most frequently stressed by stresses linked to impulses and shocks. 
     More specifically, the application of the invention to a escapement lever is particularly advantageous, and will be described hereinafter more specifically for this non-limiting application of the invention. 
     The invention thus concerns a escapement lever  1  for the escapement mechanism of a timepiece movement, including at least one fork delimiting a fork notch  2 . This fork notch  2  includes horns  3  and  4  arranged to cooperate, at contact surfaces S, with a balance, which is not shown in the Figures, in general with an impulse pin comprised in the balance. 
     According to the invention, fork notch  2  includes, in at least one horn  3 ,  4 , and preferably in each horn  3 ,  4 , at least one slot, respectively  5 ,  6  or/and at least one chamber  30  for delimiting at least one elastic lip  20 ,  21 , extending between a contact surface S, and this slot  5 ,  6  or chamber  30 . 
     Each slot  5 ,  6  or chamber  30  is arranged to confer elasticity on the corresponding horn, which softens the shock at each impulse, by absorbing part of the impact energy, and then returning it subsequent to said impact. Thus the slot or chamber makes the contact area elastic. The function of the slot or chamber is to reduce wear by softening the contacts between impulse pin of the balance and the escapement lever fork during the release and impulse phases. 
     This at least one horn  3 ,  4  performs an impulse or percussion function during intermittent contacts on at least one contact surface comprised in an end contact area, and this at least one horn  3 ,  4  is flexible due to at least one such slot  5 ,  6  or/and chamber  30 , made micrometrically in proximity to said at least one contact surface, to delimit at least one elastic lip  20 ,  21 , extending between said contact surface and said at least one slot  5 ,  6  or/and chamber  30 . 
     Another object achieved by the invention is to reduce the phenomenon of sticking in the escapement cycle. 
     Preferably, this at least one elastic lip  20 ,  21  includes, on one of the external contact surfaces thereof, at least one such contact surface. 
     In a variant of the invention, this at least one elastic lip  20 ,  21  extends between the contact surface and said at least one slot  5 ,  6  or/and chamber  30 , and at least one other peripheral surface of horn  3 ,  4 . 
     Each slot or chamber has a straight or any other profile. A “chamber” means a volume enclosed in the material with no opening, and a “slot” means a space opening at least one of the external surfaces of the components concerned. 
     The width of each slot is preferably several micrometers, and it is always very small relative to the development of the slot in length, preferably in a ratio of less than one eighth. 
     Preferably, each slot extends in at least one oblique or perpendicular direction relative to a plane P in which fork notch  2  or even the entire escapement lever  1  develops, as is generally the case. This at least one slot  5 ,  6  or/and chamber  30  is substantially perpendicular to a plane P in which escapement lever  1  develops, said plane P being orthogonal to the contact surface or contact surfaces. 
     Preferably, and economically, each slot extends perpendicular to said plane P. 
     Thus, it is particularly easy to make escapement lever  1  using MEMS technology or the LIGA process or suchlike. For other methods of making escapement lever  1 , particularly from a metal, plastic, polymer or other type of sheet, it is preferable to fabricate a slot perpendicular to plane P, since said slot can be made by wire electro erosion, wire cutting, laser, plastic injection or a similar method. 
     Escapement lever  1  may also be made of a more conventional material: unhardened “S15P” grade iron steel, iron free steel “Ck75”, aluminium alloy, or another metal or alloy. The treatment for fabricating the plate from which the escapement lever is extracted is of particular importance and it is well known to those skilled in the art. As regards plastic materials, a polymer such as polyoxymethylene POM “Hostaform” may be used. 
     A component according to the invention may be made by laser technology in this type of material, with a through etch, by wire electro erosion, water jet cutting or suchlike. 
     In a preferred embodiment, each slot opens at the peripheral contour of fork notch  2 , i.e. as appropriate, towards the interior of the horns, i.e. on the side of the impulse pin of the balance roller, on an inner surface, respectively  7 ,  8 , or towards the exterior of the horns, i.e. on the side opposite the impulse pin, on an external surface, respectively  9 ,  10 . 
     A first variant is shown in  FIG. 1 . The fork notch  2  includes, in at least one horn, and preferably in each horn, a slot  5 ,  6  which extends perpendicularly to the plane of the escapement lever, and opens towards the interior of the horns, i.e. fork notch  2  on the side of the impulse pin of the balance roller, on an inner surface  7 ,  8 , delimiting at least one elastic lip  20 ,  21 , extending between this inner surface  7 ,  8  and said slot  5 ,  6 . 
     A second variant is shown in  FIG. 2 . The fork notch includes, in at least one horn, and preferably in each horn, a slot which extends perpendicularly to the plane of the escapement lever, and opens towards the exterior, i.e. on the opposite side to the impulse pin of the balance roller. Slot  5 ,  6  opens at the peripheral contour of fork notch  2  towards the exterior of the horns, on an external surface  9 ,  10 , delimiting at least one elastic lip  20 ,  21  extending between said external surface  9 ,  10  and said slot  5 ,  6 . This arrangement also reduces the intensity of impacts with the overbanking pins. 
     A particular advantage of this arrangement is that it limits any over-stresses, in the event of shock between the impulse-pin and the top of the horn, as well as limiting the risk of breakage, for example of breaking the balance pivot. 
     In a variant of the invention, this at least one slot  5 ,  6  or/and chamber  30  opens at lateral surfaces comprised in the horn  3 ,  4  parallel to a plane P in which escapement lever  1  develops, said plane P being orthogonal to the contact surface or contact surfaces. 
     A third variant, seen in  FIG. 3 , combines the embodiments of the first embodiment and second embodiment, with a slot in each horn opening at an inner end surface and a slot opening at an external end surface. Each horn  3 ,  4  includes a slot  5 ,  6  opening at an inner surface  7 ,  8  and a slot  5 A,  6 A opening at an external surface  9 ,  10  delimiting a plurality of elastic lips  20 ,  20 A,  20 B,  21 ,  21 A,  21 B, extending between the periphery of horn  3 ,  4 , the inner surface  7 ,  8 , the outer surface  9 ,  10  and slots  5 ,  5 A,  6 ,  6 A. 
     In a variant, at least one slot  5 ,  6  opens at the peripheral contour of fork notch  2  towards the exterior of horns  3 ,  4  on an external surface  9 ,  10  delimiting at least one said elastic lip  20 ,  21  extending between said external surface  9 ,  10  and said one slot  5 ,  6 . 
     In a variant, at least one slot  5 ,  6  opens at the peripheral contour of fork notch  2  towards the interior of horns  3 ,  4  on an inner surface  7 ,  8  delimiting at least one elastic lip  20 ,  21  extending between said inner surface  7 ,  8  and said slot  5 ,  6 . 
     In another variant, each horn  3 ,  4  includes a slot  5 ,  6  opening at an inner surface  7 ,  8  and a slot  5 A,  6 A opening at an external surface  9 ,  10  delimiting a plurality of elastic lips  20 ,  20 A,  20 B,  21 ,  21 A,  21 B extending between the periphery of the horn  3 ,  4 , said inner surface  7 ,  8 , said external surface  9 ,  10  and said slots  5 ,  5 A,  6 ,  6 A. 
     A fourth embodiment is shown in  FIG. 6  in which the elastic slot  5 ,  6  does not open at an inner end surface  7 ,  8  or outer end surface  9 ,  10 , but only at least one of lateral faces  16 ,  17  comprised in escapement lever  1 , parallel to the plane P thereof. Preferably, for the symmetry of the internal stresses, the slot opens at the two opposite lateral faces. 
     A fifth variant is shown in  FIGS. 7 and 8 . It includes at least one chamber  30  inside one horn. This chamber  30  does not have an opening, and it is housed entirely within the thickness of the horn  3 ,  4 , with no access to any of the external surfaces thereof. This chamber  30  is preferably delimited, on the side of inner end surface  7  and external end surface  9 , by external areas which are elastic lips of small section  12 ,  13 , such that the end of the horn has elastic behaviour. Preferably and for the same purpose, chamber  30  is also delimited by a lateral area of small section  14 ,  15 , on the side of each of the lateral surfaces  16 ,  17  of escapement lever  1 , comprised therein parallel to plane P thereof. 
     Advantageously, the arrangement of a flexible escapement lever fork notch area according to the invention significantly reduces any impact pressures. 
       FIG. 11  shows schematically a detail of the cooperation between a flexible fork notch of escapement lever  1  according to the invention, in the example embodiment of  FIG. 1 , and a impulse-pin of a balance roller. The length LO is the distance between the bottom of slot  5  and the point of contact of the impulse-pin, and corresponds to the length of a beam formed by the elastic lip  20  fitted in the bottom of slot  5 . In two example embodiments where the proportions are approximately 10/8/2/1 and 15/8/2/1 respectively between length LO, the total width of the escapement lever, the width of the elastic lip, the width of the slot, the hertz pressure at the point of impact, namely at the distance LO from the bottom of the slot, is reduced compared to conventional escapement levers made of the same material but without any slot or chamber, by a respective value of 32% in the first case, and 38% in the second case. 
       FIGS. 12 and 13  illustrate the difference in stabilisation of the escapement lever, between the escapement lever of  FIG. 11  according to the invention for the diagram of  FIG. 12  and a solid escapement lever for the diagram of  FIG. 12 , both illustrating the clearance, over time, of the end of the escapement lever horn in response to a given impact. Stabilisation occurs, for the escapement lever according to the invention, in approximately a quarter of the time of the conventional escapement lever. 
       FIGS. 14 to 23  illustrate, in a non-limiting manner various configurations of escapement levers according to the invention, and for dedicated applications:
           FIG. 14 : unlocking and impulse,     FIG. 15 : unlocking and impulse,     FIG. 16 : unlocking and impulse, shocks,     FIG. 17 : unlocking and impulse, shocks, detent-pins,     FIG. 18 : unlocking and impulse, shocks, detent-pins,     FIG. 19 : unlocking and impulse, shocks, detent-pins, limiting of mass being driven,     FIG. 20 : unlocking and impulse, shocks, detent-pins,     FIG. 21 : unlocking and impulse, shocks, detent-pins,     FIG. 22 : unlocking and impulse, shocks, detent-pins and safety mechanisms,     FIG. 23 : unlocking and impulse, shocks, detent-pins,       

     It is also possible to equip the two horns of the same escapement lever differently. 
     Thus, it is possible and particularly easy to make escapement lever  1 , in particular according to the fifth embodiment, in a micromachinable material using MEMS technology or the LIGA process or suchlike. Preferably, escapement lever  1  is made in a micro-machinable material using the LIGA method. 
     Thus, the choice of this micro-machinable material allows very fine slots or chambers to be made accurately, with no concerns as to the existence of a local defect in material, a pre-fissure, or even local internal over-stresses, which are more frequently encountered with a more conventional steel or alloy. The very small size of the smallest dimensions of the slot or chamber limits the vibration amplitude of the elastic lips, prevents any non-reversible deformation and avoids any breakage of the lips. 
     It is naturally possible to make a component with elastic lips according to the invention in another material, steel or alloy, advantageously with a layer deposited on the surface of said component, or even using a heat or/and surface treatment of the component. 
     In a variant, the slot or chamber is not filled with air or vacuum, but with another material with different characteristics from the basic material, for example an adhesive or a treatment or a thick, flexible surface coating of around 5 to 10 microns. This other material may have particular elastic characteristics, which can enable a particular elastic behaviour to be adapted, contributing to the damping and anti-wear action. The fact of having a solid component prevents waste from the wear of the timepiece movement accumulating in the slots, which is also the advantage of fabrication using a chamber without any opening. 
     Likewise, it is possible to insert a deformable plastic in the slot or chamber. 
     It is clear that the Figures only show one slot or one chamber in each embodiment, but it is naturally possible to juxtapose a plurality of slots and/or chambers and to combine the various non-limiting embodiments of the invention set out above. 
     For example, a plurality of substantially parallel slots or chambers in chevron form, even if they are of very small size, and notably with low development in their largest dimension, gives the horn sufficient flexibility. 
     The entire escapement lever horn is thus made flexible by at least one such slot or chamber, to decrease wear, making the contact area with the balance elastic. 
     Naturally, everything that applies to one horn applies to the other, preferably symmetrically relative to a median plane P′ orthogonal to plane P. 
     One particular embodiment is made with a escapement lever  1  made of silicon or a silicon compound. 
     The invention also concerns an escapement mechanism including at least one escapement lever of this type. 
     The invention also concerns a timepiece including at least one such escapement lever, and/or escapement mechanism and/or at least one component made or improved in accordance with this method. 
     Of course, this invention is not limited to the illustrated example but is capable of various variants and alterations that will appear to those skilled in the art.