Patent Publication Number: US-2020284557-A1

Title: Drone deterrence system, method, and assembly

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/176,340, entitled “Drone Deterrence System, Method, and Assembly,” filed Jun. 8, 2016, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to drone deterrence systems, methods, and assemblies, such as may be used to prevent or otherwise deter drones from invading residential and/or commercial locations. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     In recent years, aerial drones have become available for commercial and private use. For example, certain businesses have started, or have considered, using aerial drones to deliver products to customers. An individual may order a product from a particular provider, and an aerial drone may deliver the product to the home of the individual. As such, delivery of goods to consumers is becoming quicker and more efficient due to the use of aerial drones. 
     At the same time, however, aerial drones may be used by unscrupulous individuals to invade the privacy of others. A drone may be purchased by an individual and used to spy on others. For example, the drone may be flown over a yard or other such property of another and used to acquire video or images of the yard without consent. Further, the drone may be maneuvered into close proximity of a window of a residence and used to acquire images or video of the residence through the window. 
     In short, the use of drones has grown exponentially and will likely continue to grow in the upcoming years. Unfortunately, however, drones may also be used for unauthorized and even nefarious purposes, such as spying or otherwise invading the privacy of others. 
     SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     A need exists for a system and method of deterring unauthorized use of drones. A need exists for preventing, minimizing, or otherwise reducing the possibility of a drone being used to invade the privacy of individuals. 
     With those needs in mind, certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide a drone deterrence system that includes a housing configured to be secured to a structure. A motion detector is disposed on or within the housing, and is configured to detect motion within a predetermined range. A tracker is disposed on or within the housing, and is configured to track motion of a drone within the predetermined range. A control unit is in communication with the motion detector and the tracker, and is configured to take action to deter the drone from remaining in the predetermined range. In at least one embodiment, the tracker is activated in response to the motion detector detecting the motion within the predetermined range. 
     The drone deterrence system may include a camera that is configured to acquire images and/or video of the predetermined range in response to the motion detector detecting the motion within the predetermined range. 
     In at least one embodiment, the drone deterrence system includes a countermeasure disposed on or within the housing. The countermeasure is in communication with the control unit. The control unit is configured to take the action by operating the countermeasure to generate a disturbance in response to the motion detector detecting the motion within the predetermined range. The countermeasure may be configured to generate electromagnetic interference as the disturbance. The control unit may be configured to operate the countermeasure to generate the disturbance for a predetermined time period, and to cease generating the disturbance if the motion detector detects no motion within the predetermined range after the predetermined time period. 
     In at least one embodiment, the drone deterrence system includes a laser disposed on or within the housing. The laser is in communication with the control unit. The control unit is configured to take the action by operating the laser to emit laser energy into the drone while the object is within the predetermined range. 
     The control unit may be configured to receive motion signals from the motion detector and operate the tracker based on the received motion signals. In at least one embodiment, the control unit may be in communication with a home security system. 
     In at least one embodiment, the housing includes a cover secured to a base. The motion detector, the tracker, and the control unit may be mounted on the base and covered by the cover. The housing may also include a shield configured to block electromagnetic interference. 
     Certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide a drone deterrence method that includes securing a housing to a structure, detecting motion within a predetermined range with a motion detector disposed on or within the housing, tracking motion of a drone within the predetermined range with a tracker disposed on or within the housing, and using a control unit that is in communication with the motion detector and the tracker to take action to deter the drone from remaining in the predetermined range. 
     The using the control unit may include operating a countermeasure disposed on or within the housing to generate a disturbance in response to the detecting the motion within the predetermined range. The operating the countermeasure may include operating the countermeasure to generate the disturbance for a predetermined time period, and ceasing the disturbance if the motion detector detects no motion within the predetermined range after the predetermined time period. 
     The using the control unit may include operating a laser disposed on or within the housing to emit laser energy into the object while the object is within the predetermined range. In at least one embodiment, the control unit is configured to operate the countermeasure before operating the laser. 
     Certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide a drone deterrence system that includes a housing configured to be secured to a structure. A tracker is configured to track motion of a drone within a predetermined range. A laser is configured to emit laser energy pointing to the drone that is tracked by the tracker while the drone is within the predetermined range. A gimbal assembly is secured to the housing. One or both of the tracker or the laser is mounted to the gimbal assembly. 
     In at least one embodiment, a control unit is in communication with the tracker and the laser. The control unit is configured to operate the laser to emit the laser energy based on the position of the drone that is tracked by the tracker. For example, the control unit operates the laser in response to the position of the drone as tracked by the tracker in a closed loop manner. 
     In at least one embodiment, a motion detector disposed on or within the housing. The motion detector is configured to detect motion within the predetermined range. 
     In at least one embodiment, both the tracker and the laser are mounted to the gimbal assembly. 
     As an example, the gimbal assembly includes a first bracket secured to a base of the housing. A second bracket is pivotally coupled to the first bracket. The second bracket is configured to pivot with respect to the first bracket about a first pivot axis. A mount plate is pivotally coupled to the second bracket. One or both of the tracker or the laser is secured to the mount plate. The mount plate is configured to pivot with respect to the second bracket about a second pivot axis. In at least one embodiment, the first pivot axis is orthogonal to the second pivot axis, such as for simplification of motion tracking logic. Optionally, the first pivot axis and the second pivot axis may be non-orthogonal to one another. 
     In at least one embodiment, the gimbal assembly includes one or more pivot motors configured to pivot one or more portions of the gimbal assembly in relation to one or more pivot axes. The one or more pivot motors can include one or more encoders. 
     In at least one embodiment, the laser includes a lens configured to expand a laser beam emitted by the laser. 
     The structure can be a fixed structure. The structure can be a vehicle. 
     Certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide a drone deterrence method including securing a gimbal assembly to a housing; mounting one or both of a tracker or a laser to the gimbal assembly; securing the housing to a structure; tracking, by the tracker, motion of a drone within a predetermined range; and emitting, by the laser, laser energy to a position of the drone that is tracked by the tracker while the drone is within the predetermined range. 
     In at least one embodiment, the drone deterrence method also includes communicatively coupling a control unit with the tracker and the laser; and operating, by the control unit, the laser to emit the laser energy based on the position of the drone that is tracked by the tracker. In at least one embodiment, said operating includes operating the laser in response to the position of the drone as tracked by the tracker in a closed loop manner. 
     In at least one embodiment, said mounting includes mounting both the tracker and the laser to the gimbal assembly. 
     In at least one embodiment, said securing includes securing a first bracket to a base of the housing; pivotally coupling a second bracket to the first bracket (wherein the second bracket is configured to pivot with respect to the first bracket about a first pivot axis); and pivotally coupling a mount plate to the second bracket, wherein said mounting includes securing one or both of the tracker or the laser to the mount plate, and wherein the mount plate is configured to pivot with respect to the second bracket about a second pivot axis. 
     The drone deterrence method can also include pivoting, by one or more pivot motors, one or more portions of the gimbal assembly in relation to one or more pivot axes. 
     Said emitting can include expanding, by a lens, a laser beam emitted by the laser. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of a drone deterrence system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  is a simplified diagrammatic representation of a drone deterrence system mounted on a structure, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  is a diagrammatic representation of a top perspective view of a drone deterrence system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 4  is a diagrammatic representation of a top plan view of a drone deterrence system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a flow chart of a method of operating a drone deterrence system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 6  is a diagrammatic representation of a top perspective view of a drone deterrence system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 7  is a diagrammatic representation of a top plan view of a drone deterrence system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 8  is a diagrammatic representation of a top perspective view of a gimbal assembly supporting a tracker and a laser, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 9  is a diagrammatic representation of a top perspective view of a drone deterrence system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 10  is a diagrammatic representation of a front perspective view of a drone deterrence system mounted to a residential structure, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 11  is a diagrammatic representation of a front perspective view of a drone deterrence system mounted to a vehicle, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 12  illustrates a flow chart of a drone deterrence method, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description of certain embodiments will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. As used herein, an element or step recited in the singular and preceded by the word “a” or “an” should be understood as not necessarily excluding the plural of the elements or steps. Further, references to “one embodiment” are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. Moreover, unless explicitly stated to the contrary, embodiments “comprising” or “having” an element or a plurality of elements having a particular condition may include additional elements not having that condition. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure provide drone deterrence systems and methods that are configured to prevent unauthorized use of a drone. In at least one embodiment, a drone deterrence system includes a motion detector that is configured to detect motion of a drone within a predefined distance to the drone deterrence assembly. Once a drone is detected via the motion detector, a tracker tracks the motion of the drone. A laser may then be used to prevent a sensor of the drone from acquiring video or images. For example, the laser may emit laser energy into a camera of the drone that is tracked by the tracker. In at least one embodiment, the laser and the tracker are mounted on a gimbal assembly. In at least one embodiment, once a drone is detected via the motion detector, power is supplied to all operative components of the drone deterrence system. 
     Certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide a drone deterrence system that includes a housing, a motion detector disposed in the housing, and a control unit disposed in the housing. The control unit is configured to receive power in response to the motion detector detecting motion within a predetermined distance to the drone deterrence system. The housing may include a dome-shaped cover coupled to a base. The motion detector may have a range of 0-150 feet, for example. Alternatively, the range may more than 150 feet. However, the range may be limited to 150 feet in order to prevent laser energy being emitted or otherwise transferred inadvertently into an aircraft (such as commercial airlines) flying more than 150 feet away. 
     The drone deterrence system includes a tracker that is configured to track motion of an object that has been detected by the motion detector. For example, after the motion detector senses motion, the tracker is activated to track the motion of the object. In at least one embodiment, the tracker includes a detector assembly having four detectors (such as charge-coupled devices (CCD), complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS), or the like) that are able to track a source of energy (that is, a component that emits energy, such as a sensor of a camera) of a drone. 
     In at least one embodiment, the drone deterrence system includes a camera. The camera is powered in response to the motion detector detecting motion. When powered, the camera outputs a video signal, which may be viewed by an individual through a computing device (such as a personal computer, a laptop computer, a handheld device, or the like) that is in communication with the drone deterrence system, such as through one or more wired or wireless connections. 
     The drone deterrence system may also include a countermeasure that is configured to generate a disturbance that impairs the functionality of a camera of a drone. For example, the disturbance may be electromagnetic interference, optical interference, and/or the like. 
     The drone deterrence system may also include a laser moveably secured to an actuator, such as a flex mount, that allows laser energy to be guided to a particular point in space. The laser is controlled by the control unit to emit laser energy to the camera of the drone. The laser may be configured to impair the functionality of a camera sensor of the drone. In at least one embodiment, the laser is an example of a countermeasure. 
     In at least one example, the laser and the tracker are mounted to a gimbal assembly. The gimbal assembly includes one or more actuators (such as motors) that allow the laser and tracker to move in relation to one or more axes of rotation. The laser and the tracker are in communication with the control unit, such as through one or more wired or wireless connections. The control unit monitors a tracked position (for example, of a drone) output by the tracker to continually track motion of the drone. Further, the control operates the laser, based on the tracked position, to continually direct laser energy onto the drone. For example, the tracker may track a camera of the drone (such as by tracking energy emitted by the camera), and the control unit operates the laser to emit the laser energy into or onto the drone, such as into the camera of the drone. The control unit operates to track the drone and emit the laser energy in relation to the drone in a closed loop manner, as the tracker continually tracks motion of the drone and the laser continually emits the laser energy in relation to the tracked position of the drone, such as until the drone is no longer within a predetermined range of the drone deterrence system. 
     In at least one embodiment, the laser includes an expanding lens (such as a concave or convex lens) that expands a laser beam emitted by the laser. The expanding lens expands, spreads, or otherwise diffuses the emitted laser beam. The laser beam may be diffused to be effective to deter a drone within a predetermined range, such as within 100 feet. In this manner, the laser beam is expanded to a degree outside of the predetermined range so as not to adversely affect eyesight of pilots, for example. As such, the drone deterrence system and method may be used in airports without adversely affecting aircraft taking off and landing, for example. 
     The drone deterrence system may be mounted to a fixed structure, such as a building (for example, a residence). As another example, the drone deterrence system may be mounted to a vehicle, such as a land-based vehicle (for example, an automobile, bus, locomotive, military vehicle, or the like), a sea-based vehicle (such as a ship), an aircraft, a spacecraft, or the like. The drone deterrence system can be permanently mounted to a structure, or removably coupled to a structure, such as via tracks, clips, fasteners, or the like. 
     In at least one embodiment, the drone deterrence system may be linked to a home security system. A camera and monitor of the home security system may be used by the drone deterrence system. For example, the camera of the home security system may provide the camera for the drone deterrence system. Further, the monitor of the home security system may be or include a computing device used by the drone deterrence system. 
     Certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide a drone deterrence system and method that includes securing a housing to a structure, detecting motion within a predetermined range with a motion detector disposed on or within the housing, tracking motion of a drone within the predetermined range with a tracker disposed on or within the housing, and using a control unit that is in communication with the motion detector and the tracker to take action to deter the drone from remaining in the predetermined range. The method may also include using the drone deterrence system in conjunction with a home security system. In at least one embodiment, when the drone deterrence system detects movement of a drone, the home security system may alert an authority, such as police, fire personnel, other emergency services, or the like, such as when an owner of a property is not present. 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of a drone deterrence system  100 , according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The drone deterrence system  100  includes a housing  102  that retains a motion detector  104 , a tracker  106 , a control unit  108 , a countermeasure  110 , a camera  112 , and a laser (that is, a laser-emitting device)  114 . Components of the drone deterrence system  100  (such as the motion detector  104 , the tracker  106 , the control unit  108 , the countermeasure  110 , the camera  112 , and the laser  114 ) are disposed on and/or within the housing  102 . In at least one embodiment, the laser  114  and the tracker  106  are mounted to a gimbal assembly, as shown and described with respect to  FIG. 6 . 
     The drone deterrence system  100  may be connected to a power source  115 , such as through one or more wires, cables, or the like. The power source  115  may be an electrical receptacle that is configured to receive an electrical plug of the drone deterrence system  100 . As such, the drone deterrence system  100  may be powered via a source of standard alternating current. In at least one other embodiment, the power source  115  may include one or more batteries coupled to and/or disposed within the housing  102 . The battery or batteries may be used as a power back-up, for example. 
     The drone deterrence system  100  may be in communication with a computing device  116  through one or more wired or wireless connections. The computing device  116  may be a personal computer, a laptop computer, a handheld device (such as a smart phone), and/or the like that is remotely located from the drone deterrence system  100 . 
     In at least one embodiment, the housing  102  includes a cover  118  secured to a base  120 . The cover  118  may be a dome formed of polycarbonate, acrylic, a transparent plastic, glass, or the like. The base  120  may include a plastic base that may be or include a circuit board onto which various components of the drone deterrence system  100  (such as the motion detector  104 , the tracker  106 , the control unit  108 , the countermeasure  110 , the camera  112 , and the laser  114 ) are mounted. The base  120  may also include a shield  122  on a surface that is opposite from the surface on which the components are mounted. The shield  122  may include a metallic layer (such as a metallic foil) that is configured to block electromagnetic interference from passing therethrough (so as to protect home appliances, electronic devices, and/or the like). 
     The motion detector  104  is disposed on or within the housing  102  and may include one or more sensors  124  that are configured to detect motion within a predetermined range. For example, the sensors  124  may be infrared sensors, ultrasonic sensors, thermal sensors, and/or the like that are configured to detect motion. The predetermined range may be a distance from the drone deterrence system  100  in which privacy is desired. For example, the predetermined range may be 50 feet. In at least one other embodiment, the predetermined range may be between 0-150 feet. 
     The tracker  106  is disposed on or within the housing  102  and may include one or more detectors that are configured to track motion of an object. For example, the tracker  106  may include one or more CCD, CMOS, or other such detectors that are configured to track motion of an energy source. In at least one embodiment, the tracker  106  is configured to track motion of an energy source, such as a sensor of a camera of a drone. In at least one embodiment, the tracker  106  is mounted to a gimbal assembly. 
     The control unit  108  is disposed on or within the housing  102  and is operatively coupled to the motion detector  104 , the tracker  106 , the countermeasure  110 , the camera  112 , and the laser  114 . The control unit  108  is configured to control operation of the drone deterrence system  100 . In at least one embodiment, the control unit  108  is in communication with the motion detector  104 , the tracker  106 , the countermeasure  110 , the camera  112 , and the laser  114  (such as through one or more wired or wireless connections), and is configured to take action to deter a drone from remaining in a predetermined range of the motion detector  104 . For example, the control unit  108  may take action by operating the countermeasure  110  to generate a disturbance, and/or operating the laser  114  to emit laser energy into the drone, as described below. The control unit  108  is also in communication with the remote computing device  116 , such as through one or more wired or wireless connections. Alternatively, the control unit  108  may be remotely located from the housing  102 . For example, the computing device  116  may include the control unit  108  or another control unit that is configured to control operation of the drone deterrence system  100 . 
     As used herein, the term “control unit,” “unit,” “central processing unit,” “CPU,” “computer,” or the like may include any processor-based or microprocessor-based system including systems using microcontrollers, reduced instruction set computers (RISC), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), logic circuits, and any other circuit or processor including hardware, software, or a combination thereof capable of executing the functions described herein. Such are exemplary only, and are thus not intended to limit in any way the definition and/or meaning of such terms. For example, the control unit  108  may be or include one or more processors that are configured to control operation of the drone deterrence system  100 . 
     The control unit  108  is configured to execute a set of instructions that are stored in one or more storage elements (such as one or more memories), in order to process data. For example, the control unit  108  may include or be coupled to one or more memories. The storage elements may also store data or other information as desired or needed. The storage elements may be in the form of an information source or a physical memory element within a processing machine. 
     The set of instructions may include various commands that instruct the control unit  108  as a processing machine to perform specific operations such as the methods and processes of the various embodiments of the subject matter described herein. The set of instructions may be in the form of a software program. The software may be in various forms such as system software or application software. Further, the software may be in the form of a collection of separate programs, a program subset within a larger program or a portion of a program. The software may also include modular programming in the form of object-oriented programming. The processing of input data by the processing machine may be in response to user commands, or in response to results of previous processing, or in response to a request made by another processing machine. 
     The diagrams of embodiments herein may illustrate one or more control or processing units, such as the control unit  108 . It is to be understood that the processing or control units may represent circuits, circuitry, or portions thereof that may be implemented as hardware with associated instructions (e.g., software stored on a tangible and non-transitory computer readable storage medium, such as a computer hard drive, ROM, RAM, EPROM, or the like) that perform the operations described herein. The hardware may include state machine circuitry hardwired to perform the functions described herein. Optionally, the hardware may include electronic circuits that include and/or are connected to one or more logic-based devices, such as microprocessors, processors, controllers, or the like. Optionally, the control unit  108  may represent processing circuitry such as one or more of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), microprocessor(s), and/or the like. The circuits in various embodiments may be configured to execute one or more algorithms to perform functions described herein. The one or more algorithms may include aspects of embodiments disclosed herein, whether or not expressly identified in a flowchart or a method. 
     As used herein, the terms “software” and “firmware” are interchangeable, and include any computer program stored in memory for execution by a computer, including RAM memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, OTP (one time programmable) memory, and non-volatile RAM (NVRAM) memory. The above memory types are exemplary only, and are thus not limiting as to the types of memory usable for storage of a computer program. 
     The countermeasure  110  is disposed on or within the housing  102  and configured to generate a disturbance that is configured to impair operation of a drone camera. For example, the countermeasure  110  may be a source of electromagnetic interference (EMI) that temporarily disables operation of a drone camera. In at least one other embodiment, the countermeasure  110  may be or include one or more lasers (such as the laser  114 ) that are configured to generate optical interference (for example, a monochromatic optical interference pattern such as an optical veil in front of a drone camera) that prevents a drone camera from acquiring images therethrough. In at least one embodiment, the countermeasure  110  generates the disturbance for a predetermined time period, such as 5 seconds. If after the predetermined time period the motion detector  104  no longer detects motion within the predetermined range, the countermeasure  110  ceases generating the disturbance (for example, the control unit  108  controls the countermeasure  110  to cease the disturbance). If, however, there is still motion after the predetermined time period, the countermeasure  110  may continue to generate the disturbance for an additional predetermined time period and/or the laser  114  may be activated to emit laser energy into the moving object, and the process repeats. Alternatively, the drone deterrence system  100  may not include the countermeasure  110 . 
     The camera  112  may be disposed on or within the housing  102 . The camera  112  may be a digital camera that is configured to acquire video and/or images within a field of view. The camera  112  may be a CCD, CMOS, or digital camera that is configured to acquire video. The camera  112  may output the image and/or video signals to the computing device  116  (such as through one or more wired or wireless connections) so that an individual may view the images and/or video at the location of the computing device  116 . In at least one other embodiment, the camera  112  may not be disposed within the housing  102 . Instead, the camera  112  may be a separate and distinct camera (such as one of a security system) that is in communication with the control unit  108  and/or the computing device  116  through one or more wired or wireless connections. Alternatively, the drone deterrence system  100  may not include the camera  112 . 
     The laser  114  (that is, a laser-emitting device) is disposed on or within the housing  102  and may include a light emitter  126  moveably secured to an actuator  128 . In at least one embodiment, the laser  114  is mounted to a gimbal assembly. The control unit  108  is configured to operate the laser  114 . The actuator  128  may be a flex mount that is configured to allow the light emitter  126  to be directed toward a moving target. The actuator  128  may include one or more gimbals operatively connected to one or more motors (such as one or more servo motors, electric motors, and/or the like). In other embodiments, the actuator  128  may include gears, hinges, pulleys, rotary motors, pistons, cylinders, microelectromechanical (MEM) devices, and/or the like that are configured to direct the light emitter  126  toward a target, so that laser energy emitted from the light emitter  126  impinges on the target. 
     In operation, power is initially supplied to the motion detector  104 . If no motion is sensed by the sensor(s)  124  of the motion detector  104 , power may not be supplied to the other components of the drone deterrence system  100 . For example, the motion detector  104  may include a switch  125  that is triggered when the sensor(s)  124  detect motion within the predetermined range. The switch  125  sends an activation signal (such as when the switch  125  closes) to the control unit  108  to wake up, thereby activating the control unit  108  and the other components of the drone deterrence system  100 . Alternatively, power may be supplied to components of the drone deterrence system  100  at all times. For example, power may be supplied to all of the components of the drone deterrence system  100  even when the motion detector  104  does not detect motion within the predetermined range. 
     Once motion is detected, the tracker  106  tracks the motion of the object moving within the predetermined range. The tracker  106  may focus on an energy source (that is, a source of emitted energy, such as a sensor of a camera of a drone) and follow the motion of the energy source. The tracker  106  outputs a tracking signal to the control unit  108 . The tracking signal provides information to the control unit  108  regarding the motion of the object. 
     In response to the control unit  108  receiving the tracking signal, the control unit  108  may operate the camera  112  to acquire video of the moving object. The camera  112  outputs the video signal to the computing device  116 , which allows an individual to view the moving the object. The control unit  108  may then prompt an individual to input a command through the computing device  116 . The individual may input an action command, such as a laser disruption command and/or a countermeasure command, through the computing device  116 . For example, the individual may view the video acquired by the camera  112  and see that the moving object is a bird or squirrel, and decide no further action is necessary. If, however, the individual sees that the moving object is a drone, the individual may input an action command. In at least one other embodiment, the control unit  108  may automatically operate without any input from an individual to take action, such as by first causing the countermeasure  110  to generate a disturbance, and after a predetermined time period (if the object is still within the predetermined range), causing the laser  114  to emit laser energy into the moving object. 
     The control unit  108  receives the action command from the computing device  116 . The action command may include a laser disruption signal or command. In response to receiving the laser disruption command, the control unit  108  may operate the laser  114  to emit laser energy into the moving object. The control unit  108  operates the laser  114  in conjunction with the tracker  106  to emit laser energy into the tracked energy source of the moving object. For example, the emitted laser energy may be emitted into a sensor of a camera of a drone (which is tracked by the tracker  106 ), which prevents or otherwise impairs the camera of the drone from acquiring images or video. The emitted laser energy may be sufficient to temporarily impair the camera of the drone, such as during the time the laser energy is emitted into the sensor of the camera. Optionally, the emitted laser energy may be configured to permanently disable a camera of a drone. 
     The action command may include a countermeasure command or signal. In response to receiving the countermeasure command, the control unit  108  operates the countermeasure to generate a disturbance that impairs the camera of the drone. For example, the disturbance may be EMI that prevents the camera from functioning. In at least one other embodiment, the disturbance may be generated by one or more lights that generate optical interference that forms a virtual curtain through which a camera of a drone may not acquire images or video. The shield  122  blocks the disturbance from being directed behind the drone deterrence system  100  (such as into a building onto which the drone deterrence system  100  is mounted). Alternatively, the drone deterrence system  100  may not include the shield  122 . 
     In at least one embodiment, the control unit  108  may operate the countermeasure  110  before the laser  114 . For example, the control unit  108  may operate the countermeasure  110  for a predetermined period of time (such as 5 seconds). If the drone moves out of the predetermined range of the motion detector  104  within the predetermined period of time, the control unit  108  refrains from operating the laser  114 . If, however, the drone is still within the predetermined range of the motion detector  104  after the predetermined range of time, the control unit  108  then operates the laser  114 . Optionally, the predetermined period of time may be greater or less than 5 seconds. In at least one other embodiment, the drone deterrence system  100  may include the laser  114 , but not the countermeasure  110 . In at least one other embodiment, the drone deterrence system  100  may include the countermeasure  110 , but not the laser  114 . 
     In at least one other embodiment, the drone deterrence system  100  may not include the camera  112 . Instead, the control unit  108  may automatically take action (such as by operating the laser  114  and/or the countermeasure, as described above) without input from an individual. For example, when the motion detector  104  detects motion within the predetermined range, the control unit  108  may automatically control the laser  114  to emit laser energy toward a source of energy of the moving object (in conjunction with the motion of the object tracked by the tracker  106 ), and/or the countermeasure  110  to emit the disturbance. 
     When the motion detector  104  no longer detects motion within the predetermined range, the control unit  108  deactivates the countermeasure  110  and the laser  114 . Further, the control unit  108  may also deactivate the camera  112 . In at least one embodiment, when the motion detector  104  no longer detects motion within the predetermined range, all of the components of the drone deterrence system  100  may be deactivated (for example, power may no longer be supplied) with the exception of the motion detector  104 . 
       FIG. 2  is a simplified diagrammatic representation of the drone deterrence system  100  mounted on a structure  200 , according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The structure  200  may be a residential or commercial building having a window  202 . Optionally, the structure  200  may be any structure within an area in which privacy is desired. For example, the structure  200  may be a tree, wall, rock, or the like within a backyard of a private residence, a mounting assembly (such as a pole, bracket, post, or the like), or even a floor or ground within an area. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , the drone deterrence system  100  is mounted above the window  202 . Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the motion detector  104  has a predetermined range  130  that extends from a mounting surface  204  of the structure  200  to a desired zone of privacy, which extends above, below, and outwardly from the window  202 . The predetermined range  130  may be determined by an individual and programmed into the motion detector  104  by way of the control unit  108 . When an object  206  moves within the predetermined range  130 , the motion detector  104  detects such motion, and the drone deterrence system  100  operates as described above with respect to  FIG. 1 . 
     In at least one other embodiment, the structure  200  may be a moving structure, such as a vehicle. For example, the drone deterrence system  100  may be mounted onto an automobile, truck, train, airplane, watercraft, or the like. 
     The housing  102  may be mounted to the structure, such as through one or more fasteners, adhesives, and/or the like. In at least one embodiment, the base  120  includes a three point support assembly that allows the drone deterrence system  100  to be mounted on various surfaces, such as a slanted roof of a private residence proximate to a window. 
       FIG. 3  is a diagrammatic representation of a top perspective view of the drone deterrence system  100 , according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG. 4  is a diagrammatic representation of a top plan view of the drone deterrence system  100 . Referring to  FIGS. 3 and 4 , the tracker  106  may include a lens  150  positioned above four CCD, CMOS, or other such detector segments  152 ,  154 ,  156 , and  158 , each of which is arranged to track movement within a quadrant of space. The lens  150  may focus emitted energy from a drone (such as light energy emanating from a camera sensor of a drone) into the detector segments  152 ,  154 ,  156 , and  158 . The tracker  106  tracks the motion of the energy from the drone via the location of the energy with respect to the quadrants defined by the detector segments  152 ,  154 ,  156 , and  158 . Optionally, the tracker  106  may include more or less detector segments than shown. In at least one other embodiment, the tracker  106  may include one or more thermal detectors that track motion of the drone by tracking heat energy emitted by the drone. In at least one other embodiment, the tracker  106  may include one or more ultrasonic sensors that are configured to track motion of an object. In at least one other embodiment, the tracker  106  may include a radar assembly or a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) assembly that is configured to track motion of an object. 
     The cover  118  may be colored (such as coated with paint, covered with a reflective surface, and/or the like) to conceal the internal components of the drone deterrence system  100 . The cover  118  may include a thin film coating (for example, an anti-reflection coating) such that laser energy emitted by the laser  114  is not internally reflected. For example, the cover  118  may have a coating that allows the laser energy to pass therethrough, but otherwise conceals the internal components of the drone deterrence system  100 . In at least one embodiment, the laser  114  is configured to emit laser energy at a wavelength corresponding to the color green, and the cover  118  may have a coating that allows the emitted laser energy to pass therethrough. In at least one other embodiment, the cover  118  may not be colored, but may instead be clear and transparent. The inside surface of the cover  118  may be covered with an anti-reflection coating that is configured to allow laser energy emitted by the laser  114  to pass therethrough, and also conceal the components of the drone deterrence system  100  secured within the housing  102 . 
     The drone deterrence system  100  may be contained within the housing  102 , which is compact. For example, a diameter  170  of the base  120  may be 12 inches or less. The diameter of the cover  118  may be of a similar size. As such, the drone deterrence system  100  provides a compact assembly that is configured to be discretely mounted to a structure. Alternatively, the diameter  170  of the base  120  may be greater than 12 inches. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a flow chart of a method of operating a drone deterrence system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 5 , in at least one embodiment, the control unit  108  is configured to operate the drone deterrence system  100  based on the flow chart of  FIG. 5 . 
     At  300 , the motion detector  104  is operated to detect motion within a predetermined range. At  302 , based on motion signals output from the motion detector  104 , the control unit  108  determines whether or not there is movement within the predetermined range. If there is no motion within the predetermined range, the method returns to  300 . 
     If, however, there is movement within the predetermined range, the method proceeds from  302  to  304 , in which motion of the object within the predetermined range is tracked by the tracker  106 . At the same time, the camera  112  may be activated to output a video signal of the moving object within the predetermined range to the computing device  116 . As the motion of the object is being tracked, the control unit  108  may then activate the countermeasure  110  for a predetermined time period (such as 5 seconds) at  306 . 
     At  308 , the control unit  108  determines whether the object is still within the predetermined range, based on tracking signals output by the tracker  106  and/or motion signals output by the motion detector  104 . If the object is not within the predetermined range, the method proceeds from  308  to  310 , in which the countermeasure is deactivated, and the method returns to  300 . 
     If, however, the control unit  108  determines that the object is still within the predetermined range at  308 , the method proceeds from  308  to  312 , in which the control unit activates the laser  114  to emit laser energy into the object. At  314 , the control unit  108  then determines if the object is still within the predetermined range. If the object is still in the predetermined range, the method returns to  312  from  314 . 
     If, however, the object is no longer within the predetermined range at  314 , the method proceeds from  314  to  316 , in which the laser is deactivated. The method then returns to  300  from  316 . As described, the control unit  108  operates the drone deterrence system  100  through a closed loop process. 
       FIG. 6  is a diagrammatic representation of a top perspective view of the drone deterrence system  100 , according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG. 7  is a diagrammatic representation of a top plan view of the drone deterrence system  100  of  FIG. 6 .  FIG. 8  is a diagrammatic representation of a top perspective view of a gimbal assembly  400  supporting the tracker  106  and the laser  114 , according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 6-8 , the cover  118  is not shown. However, it is to be understood that the drone deterrence system  100  can include the cover  118  (shown in  FIG. 3 ). 
     The tracker  106  and the laser  114  are mounted to the gimbal assembly  400 . Any of the embodiments of the drone deterrence system  100  described herein may include the tracker  106  and the laser  114  mounted to the gimbal assembly  400 . 
     The gimbal assembly  400  is secured to the housing  102 , such as on and/or within the housing  102 . In at least one embodiment, the gimbal assembly  400  includes a first bracket  402  and a second bracket  404 . The first bracket  402  includes a support panel  406  that is mounted on an outer surface  407  of the base  120 . For example, the support panel  406  may be secured to the base  120  through one or more fasteners, adhesives, and/or the like. Lateral walls  408  upwardly extend from the support panel  406  at opposite ends  410 . A pivot channel  412  is formed through each of the lateral walls  408 . 
     The second bracket  404  includes a support panel  414  and lateral walls  416  upwardly extending from opposite ends  418  of the support panel  414 . A pivot axle  420  extends from the support panel  414  into the pivot channel  412 . The pivot axle  420  may extend through the support panel  414 . Optionally, the pivot axle  420  may include two separate ends extending from opposite sides of the support panel  414 . The pivot axle  420  defines a first pivot axis  424 . 
     A portion of the second bracket  404 , such as an end of the pivot axle  420 , is operatively coupled to a first pivot motor  430 , which may be mounted on a lateral wall  408 . The first pivot motor  430  is in communication with the control unit  108 , such as through one or more wired or wireless connections. The first pivot motor  430  also includes a first encoder  432 , which is in communication with the control unit  108 , such as through one or more wired or wireless connections. The control unit  108  is configured to control the first pivot motor  430  and determine a position of the second bracket  404  relative to the first bracket  402  via the first encoder  432 . 
     A mount plate  440  spans between the lateral walls  416  of the second bracket  404 . The mount plate  440  includes a pivot axle  442  that is pivotally retained within a pivot channel  444  of one or both of the lateral walls  416 . The pivot axle  442  defines a second pivot axis  446 . The first pivot axis  424  and the second pivot axis  446  are orthogonal to one another. As shown in  FIG. 7 , the first pivot axis  424  may be parallel to an X axis (for example, a lateral axis), of the base  120  and the second pivot axis  446  may be parallel to a Y axis (for example, a vertical axis) of the base  120 . 
     As described, the second bracket  404  is pivotally coupled to the first bracket  402 . The second bracket  404  is configured to pivot with respect to the first bracket  402  about the first pivot axis  424 . The mount plate  440  is pivotally coupled to the second bracket  404 . The mount plate  440  (and therefore the tracker  106  and the laser  114 ) is configured to pivot with respect to the second bracket  404  about the second pivot axis  446 . In at least one embodiment, the first pivot axis  424  is orthogonal to the second pivot axis  446 . 
     A portion of the mount plate  440 , such as an end of the pivot axle  442 , is operatively coupled to a second pivot motor  460 , which may be mounted on a lateral wall  416 . The second pivot motor  460  is in communication with the control unit  108 , such as through one or more wired or wireless connections. The second pivot motor  460  also includes a second encoder  462 , which is in communication with the control unit  108 , such as through one or more wired or wireless connections. The control unit  108  is configured to control the second pivot motor  460  and determine a position of the mount plate  440  relative to the second bracket  404  (and also with respect to the first bracket  402 ) via the second encoder  462 . 
     The tracker  106  and the laser  114  are secured to an outer surface  470  of the mount plate  440 , such as through one or more fasteners, adhesives, and/or the like. The tracker  106  and the laser  114  are mounted to a common structure, such as the mount plate  440 . Accordingly, motion of the mount plate  440  dictates motion of both the tracker  106  and the laser  114 . Alternatively, only the tracker  106  or the laser  114  may be secured to the mount plate  440 . 
     The gimbal assembly  400  allows for motion of the tracker  106  and the laser  114  in relation to the first pivot axis  424  and the second pivot axis  446 . For example, the control unit  108  controls the motion of the tracker  106  and the laser  114  by operating the motor  430  to rotate the second bracket  404  about the first pivot axis  424 , and by operating the motor  460  to rotate the mount plate  440  about the second pivot axis  446 . As such, the gimbal assembly  400  allows for rotational motion over two degrees of freedom, namely the first pivot axis  424  and the second pivot axis  446 . In this manner, the gimbal assembly  400  allows for the tracker  106  to track motion of a drone and the laser  114  to emit laser energy over a wider range, in contrast to the tracker  106  and the laser  114  being fixed to the base  120 . The first and encoders  432  and  460  allow the control unit  108  to determine the angular positions of the first pivot motor  430  and the second pivot motor  460 , respectively, and therefore the angular positions of the tracker  106  and the laser  114  with respect to the first pivot axis  424  and the second pivot axis  446 . 
     As described herein, the control unit  108  operates to determine a tracked position of a drone, as detected by the tracker  106 , and operate the laser  114  in a closed loop manner. In response to the drone deterrence system  100  being activated by the motion detector  104  detecting motion within the predetermined range, the tracker  106  tracks motion of the drone, such as via energy emitted by a sensor of a camera of the drone. In response, the control unit  108  operates one or both of the first pivot motor  430  and/or the second pivot motor  460  to point the laser  114  at the tracked position of the drone. The control unit  108  then operates the laser  114  to emit laser energy into the tracked position of the drone. The control unit  108  continues to receive tracking signals from the tracker  106  to continually determine the tracked position of the drone, and operate the first pivot motor  430  and/or the second pivot motor  460  to ensure that the laser  114  continues to emit laser energy toward the tracked position of the drone. The control unit  108  continues to operate in the laser  114  in response to the tracked position of the drone (as sensed by the tracker  106 ) until the drone is longer within the predetermined range, as described with respect to  FIG. 5 . 
     The drone deterrence system  100  may include more or less moveable brackets than shown. For example, the mount plate  440  may be moveably secured between the lateral walls  408  of the first bracket  402 , instead of having the second bracket  404 . As another example, a third bracket may be moveable (and coupled to a third pivot motor) between the lateral walls  416  of the second bracket  404 , with the mount plate  440  pivotally coupled between lateral walls of the third bracket. 
       FIG. 9  is a diagrammatic representation of a top perspective view of the drone deterrence system  100 , according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the laser  114  includes an expanding lens  500  (such as a concave or convex lens) that expands, spreads, diffuses, widens, de-collimates, or otherwise alters a laser beam  502  (that is, laser energy) emitted by the laser  114 . The expanding lens  500  expands the laser beam  502  to be effective to deter a drone within a predetermined range, such as within 100 feet. In this manner, the laser beam  502  is expanded by the expanding lens  500  to a degree outside of the predetermined range so as not to adversely affect eyesight (for example, does not temporarily blind) of individuals, such as pilots operating aircraft in line of sign, for example. In this manner, the drone deterrence system  100  and methods described herein may be used in airports without adversely affecting aircraft taking off and landing, for example, against regulations and rules, such as promulgated by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Any of the embodiments of the drone deterrence system  100  described herein may include the laser  114  having the expanding lens  500 . Alternatively, the laser  114  may not include the expanding lens. 
       FIG. 10  is a diagrammatic representation of a front perspective view of a drone deterrence system  100  mounted to a residential structure  200 , according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG. 11  is a diagrammatic representation of a front perspective view of a drone deterrence system  100  mounted to a vehicle  700 , according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to  FIGS. 10 and 11 , the drone deterrence system  100 , according to any of the embodiments of the present disclosure, may be mounted to a fixed structure, such as the residential structure  200 , commercial building, cellular tower, industrial structure, and/or the like. As another example, the drone deterrence system  100  may be mounted to the vehicle  700 , such as a land-based vehicle (for example, an automobile, bus, locomotive, military vehicle, or the like), a sea-based vehicle (such as a ship), an aircraft, a spacecraft, or the like. The drone deterrence systems  100  can be permanently mounted to structures, or removably coupled to structures, such as via tracks, clips, fasteners, or the like. 
     As described herein, in at least one embodiment, the drone deterrence system  100  includes a gimbaled platform, such as the gimbal assembly  400 . One or both of the tracker  106  and the laser  114  are mounted to the gimbal assembly  400 . The control unit  108  operates the tracker  106  and the laser  114  in a closed loop manner to accurately track and target a drone within a predetermined range. The gimbal assembly  400  allows the laser  114  to precisely target a tracked position of the drone. In at least one embodiment, the laser  114  may include the expanding lens  500  to limit impacts beyond a desired distance. 
       FIG. 12  illustrates a flow chart of a drone deterrence method, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The drone deterrence method includes securing ( 800 ) a gimbal assembly to a housing; mounting ( 802 ) one or both of a tracker or a laser to the securing assembly; securing ( 804 ) the housing to a structure; tracking ( 806 ), by the tracker, motion of a drone within a predetermined range; and emitting ( 808 ), by the laser, laser energy to a position of the drone that is tracked by the tracker while the drone is within the predetermined range. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods of deterring unauthorized use of drones. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods that prevent, minimize, or otherwise reduce the possibility a drone being used to invade the privacy of individuals. 
     While various spatial and directional terms, such as top, bottom, lower, mid, lateral, horizontal, vertical, front and the like may be used to describe embodiments of the present disclosure, it is understood that such terms are merely used with respect to the orientations shown in the drawings. The orientations may be inverted, rotated, or otherwise changed, such that an upper portion is a lower portion, and vice versa, horizontal becomes vertical (or various other angles or orientations), and the like. 
     As used herein, a structure, limitation, or element that is “configured to” perform a task or operation is particularly structurally formed, constructed, or adapted in a manner corresponding to the task or operation. For purposes of clarity and the avoidance of doubt, an object that is merely capable of being modified to perform the task or operation is not “configured to” perform the task or operation as used herein. 
     It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. For example, the above-described embodiments (and/or aspects thereof) may be used in combination with each other. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the various embodiments of the disclosure without departing from their scope. While the dimensions and types of materials described herein are intended to define the parameters of the various embodiments of the disclosure, the embodiments are by no means limiting and are exemplary embodiments. Many other embodiments will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. The scope of the various embodiments of the disclosure should, therefore, be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. In the appended claims, the terms “including” and “in which” are used as the plain-English equivalents of the respective terms “comprising” and “wherein.” Moreover, the terms “first,” “second,” and “third,” etc. are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects. Further, the limitations of the following claims are not written in means-plus-function format and are not intended to be interpreted based on 35 U.S.C. § 112(f), unless and until such claim limitations expressly use the phrase “means for” followed by a statement of function void of further structure. 
     This written description uses examples to disclose the various embodiments of the disclosure, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various embodiments of the disclosure, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the various embodiments of the disclosure is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if the examples have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if the examples include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.