Patent Publication Number: US-2023132475-A1

Title: Method of optimizing a design model

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to a method of optimizing a design model, and more particularly, to a method of modifying and optimizing the design model by a neutral file readable and accessible by a CAD system, a CAE system and an optimization system. 
     DISCUSSION OF THE BACKGROUND 
     Computer aided design (CAD) refers to a process of designing an article or a product with assistance of a CAD computer program through illustration of physical properties of the article (such as appearance, structure, texture, etc.) on a screen or monitor. When the article with an initial design profile is prepared, the article is then analyzed for improvement by a computer-aided engineering (CAE) process. CAE refers to a process of simulating effects of different conditions or constraints applied to the article generated by the CAD process with assistance of a CAE computer program. The CAE computer program performs analysis of physical properties of the article (such as strength, stiffness, thermal conductivity, etc.) or design optimization (such as manufacturing cost reduction, weight optimization, etc.). 
     However, a variety of issues arise during communication between the CAD program and the CAE program, such as data loss or distortion during transmission of the design profile of the article from the CAD program to the CAE program. Therefore, challenges remain in achieving effective analysis and data compatibility. 
     This Discussion of the Background section is provided for background information only. The statements in this Discussion of the Background are not an admission that the subject matter disclosed in this section constitutes prior art to the present disclosure, and no part of this Discussion of the Background section may be used as an admission that any part of this application, including this Discussion of the Background section, constitutes prior art to the present disclosure. 
     SUMMARY 
     One aspect of the present disclosure provides a method of optimizing a design model. The method includes providing the design model in a CAD system, wherein the design model includes an object entity represented by a geometrical data and a topological data; assigning a first label to the object entity in the CAD system; transforming the first label into a second label to establish a first mapping in the CAD system; exporting a first neutral file of the design model including the second label, the geometrical data and the topological data from the CAD system; importing the first neutral file into a CAE system and transforming the second label into a third label to establish a second mapping in the CAE system; analyzing the design model by the CAE system; deriving a first modified geometrical data for the object entity based on the analysis for optimizing the design model by an optimization system; exporting a first data file including the first modified geometrical data for the object entity and the second label derived from the third label based on the second mapping stored in the CAE system; importing the first data file into the CAD system and transforming the second label into the first label based on the first mapping stored in the CAD system; and replacing the geometrical data of the object entity assigned the first label with the first modified geometrical data in the first data file to generate a first modified design model in the CAD system. 
     In some embodiments, the topological data of the object entity remains unchanged. 
     In some embodiments, the first neutral file and the first data file are in a neutral, generic or non-proprietary file format. 
     In some embodiments, the first neutral file and the first data file are in STEP file format, DWG file format, STL file format or DXT file format. 
     In some embodiments, the optimization system is external to the CAD system and the CAE system. 
     In some embodiments, the method further includes actuating the CAE system by a first user scripting prior to the importation of the first neutral file into the CAE system, and actuating the CAD system by a second user scripting prior to the importation of the first data file into the CAD system. 
     In some embodiments, the method further includes transforming the design model into a mesh model by the CAE system prior to the analysis of the design model. 
     In some embodiments, a native file in a proprietary file format is generated by or exported from the CAD system during the exportation of the first neutral file. 
     In some embodiments, only the first neutral file is imported into the CAE system. 
     In some embodiments, the native file is readable and accessible exclusively by the CAD system, and the first neutral file is readable and accessible by the CAD system and the CAE system. 
     In some embodiments, the method further includes providing the first modified design model in the CAD system, wherein the first modified design model includes the object entity assigned the first label and represented by the first modified geometrical data and the topological data; exporting a second neutral file of the first modified design model including the second label derived from the first label based on the first mapping, the first modified geometrical data and the topological data from the CAD system; importing the second neutral file into the CAE system; and analyzing the first modified design model by the CAE system. 
     In some embodiments, the topological data of the first modified object entity remains unchanged. 
     In some embodiments, the second neutral file is in a neutral, generic or non-proprietary file format. 
     In some embodiments, the second neutral file is in STEP file format, DWG file format, STL file format or DXT file format. 
     In some embodiments, the method further includes deriving a second modified geometrical data for the object entity based on the analysis for optimizing the first modified design model by the optimization system; exporting a second data file including the second modified geometrical data for the object entity and the second label derived from the third label based on the second mapping stored in the CAE system; importing the second data file into the CAD system and transforming the second label into the first label based on the first mapping stored in the CAD system; and replacing the first modified geometrical data of the object entity assigned the first label with the second modified geometrical data in the second data file to generate a second modified design model in the CAD system. 
     In some embodiments, the second modified design model is generated by changing a dimension of the object entity of the first modified design model. 
     In some embodiments, the replacement of the first modified geometrical data with the second modified geometrical data includes removing the first modified geometrical data and inserting the second modified geometrical data from the second data file. 
     In some embodiments, the method further includes providing the second modified design model in the CAD system, wherein the second modified design model includes the object entity assigned the first label and represented by the second modified geometrical data and the topological data; exporting a third neutral file of the second modified design model including the second label derived from the first label based on the first mapping stored in the CAD system, the second modified geometrical data and the topological data from the CAD system; importing the third neutral file into the CAE system; and analyzing the second modified design model by the CAE system. 
     Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method of optimizing a design model. The method includes providing the design model in a CAD system, wherein the design model includes a first object entity represented by a first geometrical data and a first topological data, and a second object entity represented by a second geometrical data and a second topological data; assigning a first label to the first object entity and a second label to the second object entity in the CAD system; transforming the first label and the second label into a third label and a fourth label, respectively, to establish a first mapping in the CAD system; exporting a neutral file of the design model including the third label, the first geometrical data, the first topological data, the fourth label, the second geometrical data and the second topological data from the CAD system; importing the neutral file into a CAE system and transforming the third label and the fourth label into a fifth label and a sixth label, respectively, to establish a second mapping in the CAE system; analyzing the design model by the CAE system; deriving a modified geometrical data for the first object entity indicated by the fifth label based on the analysis for optimizing the design model by an optimization system; exporting a data file including the modified geometrical data for the first object entity indicated by the third label derived from the fifth label based on the second mapping stored in the CAE system; importing the data file into the CAD system and transforming the third label into the first label based on the first mapping stored in the CAD system; and replacing the first geometrical data of the object entity assigned the first label with the first modified geometrical data in the first data file to generate a modified design model in the CAD system, wherein the first topological data, the second geometrical data, the second topological data remain unchanged. 
     In some embodiments, the modified design model includes the first object entity represented by the first modified geometrical data and the first topological data, and the second object entity represented by the second geometrical data and the second topological data. 
     Due to the generation and exportation of the design model in a neutral file format by the CAD system and the importation of the design model in the neutral file format into the CAE system for analysis and optimization, the design model in the neutral file format is readable and accessible by the CAD system and the CAE system, without involving a database or libraries at core levels of the CAD system and the CAE system. Therefore, integration of the CAD system and the CAE system is not required. The CAD system and the CAE system can be operated separately without license or authorization from each other. 
     The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the present disclosure in order that the detailed description of the disclosure that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be described hereinafter, and form the subject of the claims of the disclosure. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and specific embodiment disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures or processes for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as set forth in the appended claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Aspects of the present disclosure are best understood from the following detailed description when read with the accompanying figures. It should be noted that, in accordance with the standard practice in the industry, various features are not drawn to scale. In fact, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily increased or reduced for clarity of discussion. 
         FIGS.  1  and  2    illustrate, in flowchart diagram form, a method for optimizing a design model in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  3    illustrates, in a schematic diagram, a computer-aided design (CAD) system for generating and modifying a design model in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  4    illustrates, in a schematic diagram, a computer-aided engineering (CAE) system for analyzing a design model generated by the CAD system in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  5    illustrates, in a schematic diagram, an optimization system for deriving a solution that optimizes a design model based on an analysis result from the CAE system in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the provided subject matter. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below to simplify the present disclosure. These are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. For example, the formation of a first feature over or on a second feature in the description that follows may include embodiments in which the first and second features are formed in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in which additional features may be formed between the first and second features, such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact. In addition, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed. 
     It should be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. Unless indicated otherwise, these terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. Thus, for example, a first element, a first component or a first section discussed below could be termed a second element, a second component or a second section without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure. 
     In the present disclosure, a method of optimizing a design model is disclosed. The design model including an object entity is generated by a CAD system, and a label is assigned to the object entity for identification. The design model is transformed into a neutral file in a neutral file format and then imported by a CAE system for subsequent analysis. Since the neutral file is accessible by both the CAD system and the CAE system without license or authorization from each other, the design model can be modified efficiently by the CAD system and a responsive analysis result of the modified design model can be generated by the CAE system. A complexity of design model optimization is reduced. 
       FIGS.  1  and  2    illustrate, in flowchart diagram form, a method S 100  for optimizing a design model in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the method S 100  includes steps S 101  to S 110  as shown in  FIG.  1   . In some embodiments, the method S 100  includes steps S 111  to S 118  as shown in  FIG.  2   . In some embodiments, the method S 100  includes steps S 101  to S 118  as shown in  FIGS.  1  and  2   . 
     In some embodiments, the method S 100  is a design-analysis-optimization cycle for the design model. The design model is optimized and modified consecutively and continuously until the design model becomes an optimal design model. The design-analysis-optimization cycle is terminated when the optimal design model is achieved. In some embodiments, the method S 100  is implemented by a CAD system  201  as shown in  FIG.  3   , a CAE system  206  as shown in  FIG.  4    and an optimization system  211  as shown in  FIG.  5   , which will be discussed in detail below. 
     With reference to  FIGS.  1  and  3   , at step S 101 , a design model  202  is provided in the CAD system  201 . In some embodiments, the design model  202  is generated by the CAD system  201 . The design model  202  may be an article or a product initially created by a designer and then generated and illustrated by the CAD system  201 . In some embodiments, the CAD system  201  includes a CAD software for creating the design model  202 . The CAD software may be any suitable commercial application such as AutoCAD, Inventor, SolidWorks, Solid Edge, etc. 
     In some embodiments, the design model  202  includes various types of information about the article such as structure, shape, dimensions, geometry, materials, topology, etc. In some embodiments, the design model  202  includes an object entity represented by a geometrical data and a topological data. In some embodiments, the object entity is a surface, a solid, an edge, a vertex, etc. In some embodiments, the geometrical data is information about geometry, shape or dimensions of the object entity. In some embodiments, the topological data is information about connectivity, associativity or relationship between the object entities. In some embodiments, the design model  202  is represented by a CAD information file  203 . The CAD information file  203  contains the geometrical data and the topological data of each object entity in the design model  202 . 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  3   , the design model  202  includes three object entities, including two circular surfaces and one cylindrical solid between the two circular surfaces. The three object entities are represented by geometrical data (G1, G2 and G3, respectively) and topological data (T1, T2 and T3, respectively). 
     With reference to  FIGS.  1  and  3   , at step S 102 , a first label is assigned to the object entity in the CAD system  201 . In some embodiments, the assignment is performed in the CAD system  201 . In some embodiments, the first label is associated with the geometrical data and the topological data after the assignment. In some embodiments, the first label is readable and accessible exclusively by the CAD system  201 . In some embodiments, the CAD information file  203  is readable and accessible exclusively by the CAD system  201 . 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  3   , the three object entities of the design model  202  are respectively assigned the first labels (A, B and C). As a result, in the CAD information file  203 , the first labels (A, B and C) are associated correspondingly with the geometrical data (G1, G2 and G3) and the topological data T1,T2 and T3) of the object entities. 
     With reference to  FIGS.  1  and  3   , at step S  103 , the first label is transformed into a second label to establish a first mapping  205  in the CAD system  201 . In some embodiments, the first mapping  205  is established and then stored in the CAD system  201 . In some embodiments, the second label is readable and accessible by the CAD system  201  as well as other modeling systems generally known in the art. In some embodiments, the first label corresponds to the second label after the transformation and the establishment of the first mapping  205 . 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  3   , the first labels (A, B and C) are transformed respectively into the second labels (1, 2 and 3) to establish the first mapping  205 . As a result, the second labels (1, 2 and 3) are also associated correspondingly with the geometrical data (G1, G2 and G3) and the topological data (T1, T2 and T3) of the object entities. 
     With reference to  FIGS.  1  and  3   , at step S 104 , a first neutral file  204  of the design model  202  is exported from the CAD system  201 . In some embodiments, the first neutral file  204  exported from the CAD system  201  includes the second label, the geometrical data and the topological data. In some embodiments, the first neutral file  204  is in a neutral, generic or non-proprietary file format. In some embodiments, the first neutral file  204  is in STEP file format, DWG file format, STL file format, DXT file format or any other suitable non-proprietary file format. In some embodiments, the first neutral file  204  is readable and accessible by the CAD system  201 , as well as other modeling systems and analyzing systems generally known in the art. 
     In some embodiments, a native file in a proprietary file format is also generated by or exported from the CAD system  201  during the exportation of the first neutral file  204 . In some embodiments, the native file is readable and accessible exclusively by the CAD system  201 . 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  3   , the first neutral file  204  of the design model  202  is exported from the CAD system  201 . The first neutral file  204  includes the second labels (1, 2 and 3), the geometrical data (G1, G2 and G3) and the topological data (T1, T2 and T3). The first neutral file  204  is in a neutral, generic or non-proprietary file format. 
     With reference to  FIGS.  1  and  4   , at step S 105 , the first neutral file  204  is imported into a CAE system  206 . The first neutral file  204  exported from the CAD system  201  as shown in  FIG.  3    is imported into the CAE system  206  as shown in  FIG.  4   . Since the first neutral file  204  is in a neutral, generic or non-proprietary file format, the first neutral file  204  is readable and accessible by the CAE system  206 . In some embodiments, the design model  202  generated by the CAD system  201  as shown in  FIG.  3    is transformed into a mesh model  207  by the CAE system  206  as shown in  FIG.  4    after the importation of the first neutral file  204  into the CAE system  206 . In some embodiments, the mesh model  207  is generated prior to an analysis of the design model  202  imported into the CAE system  206 . In some embodiments, the mesh model  207  is generated by dividing the design model  202  into a plurality of small parts in a grid form for subsequent analysis. 
     In some embodiments, the second label is transformed into a third label to establish a second mapping  210  during the importation of the first neutral file  204  into the CAE system  206 . In some embodiments, the second mapping  210  is established and then stored in the CAE system  206 . In some embodiments, the third label is readable and accessible exclusively by the CAE system  206 . In some embodiments, the third label corresponds to the second label after the transformation and the establishment of the second mapping  210 . 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  4   , the second labels (1, 2 and 3) are transformed respectively into the third labels (X, Y and Z) to establish the second mapping  210 . As a result, in a CAE information file  208 , the third labels (X, Y and Z) are associated correspondingly with the geometrical data (G1, G2 and G3) and the topological data (T1, T2 and T3) of the object entities in the mesh model  207 . 
     With reference to  FIGS.  1  and  4   , at step S 106 , the design model  202  is analyzed by the CAE system  206 . In some embodiments, the design model  202  is transformed into the mesh model  207 , and the analysis is performed on the mesh model  207 . Each object entity is divided into small parts in the grid form and analyzed by the CAE system  206  based on a predetermined condition such as stress, heat, etc. 
     In some embodiments, the analysis can be any type of engineering analysis generally known in the art, such as finite element analysis (FEA), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), multibody dynamics (MBD), etc. In some embodiments, the CAE system  206  includes a CAE software for analyzing the mesh model  207 . The CAE software may be any suitable commercial application such as Abaqus, Moldflow, Matlab, ANSYS, NX, NASTRAN, etc. In some embodiments, an analysis result of the mesh model  207  is obtained from the CAE system  206  for subsequent optimization. In some embodiments, the analysis result is associated with the analysis of the object entity of the mesh model  207 . With reference to  FIGS.  4  and  5   , the analysis result is exported from the CAE system  206  and then imported into an optimization system  211  for optimization of the mesh model  207  or the design model  202 . 
     For example, as shown in  FIGS.  4  and  5   , the mesh model  207  is analyzed by the CAE system  206 , and the analysis results (R1, R2 and R3) are obtained from the CAE system  206 . In some embodiments, an analysis result file  209  is generated by the CAE system  206 . In some embodiments, the third labels (X, Y and Z) are transformed respectively into the second labels (1, 2 and 3) based on the second mapping  210  stored in the CAE system  206 . The analysis result file  209  includes the second labels (1, 2 and 3) and the analysis results (R1, R2 and R3). 
     In some embodiments, the analysis result file  209  is exported from the CAE system  206  as shown in  FIG.  4   , and then imported into the optimization system  211  as shown in  FIG.  5   . In some embodiments, the analysis result file  209  is in a neutral, generic or non-proprietary file format. In some embodiments, the analysis result file  209  is in STEP file format, DWG file format, STL file format, DXT file format or any other suitable non-proprietary file format. In some embodiments, the analysis result file  209  generated by the CAE system  206  is readable and accessible by the optimization system  211 . 
     In some embodiments, the CAE system  206  is actuated prior to the importation of the first neutral file  204  into the CAE system  206 . In some embodiments, the CAE system  206  is actuated by a first user scripting such as a text file, a command lines file, a user script, etc. 
     With reference to  FIGS.  1  and  5   , at step S 107 , a first modified geometrical data for the object entity is derived, based on the analysis, for optimizing the design model  202  by the optimization system  211 . In some embodiments, the first modified geometrical data is derived based on the analysis performed at the step S 106 . 
     In some embodiments, an optimization of the design model  202  is performed by the optimization system  211 . In some embodiments, the optimization is performed based on the analysis result from the CAE system  206 . In some embodiments, the optimization system  211  includes an optimization software for optimizing the design model  202  based on predetermined constraints. The optimization software may be any suitable commercial application such as Optimus, etc. In some embodiments, the optimization system  211  is external to the CAD system and the CAE system. The optimization system  211  is not integrated with the CAD system and/or the CAE system. The optimization system  211  can be operated separately from the CAD system and/or the CAE system. 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  5   , the analysis result file  209  from the CAE system  206  is imported into the optimization system  211 , and then the first modified geometrical data G1′ is derived. In some other geometrical data (G2′ and G3′) are also derived. As a result, in an optimization information file  212 , the first modified geometrical data G1′ is associated with the second label 1. In some embodiments, in the optimization information file  212 , the other modified geometrical data (G2′ and G3′) are associated with the second labels (2 and 3 respectively). In other words, optimization of the design model  202  is achieved by modifying the geometrical data G1into the first modified geometrical data G1′ according to an optimization result from the optimization system  211 . In some embodiments, optimization of the design model  202  is achieved by modifying the other geometrical data (G2 and G3) into the other modified geometrical data (G2′ and G3′ respectively) according to the optimization result from the optimization system  211 . In order to obtain an optimized design model, it is necessary to modify the geometrical data G1 for the object entity associated with the second label 1 into the first modified geometrical data G1′. In some embodiments, it is necessary to further modify the other geometrical data G2 for the object entity associated with the second label 2 into the other modified geometrical data G2′, and further modify the other geometrical data G3 for the object entity associated with the second label 3 into the other modified geometrical data G3′. 
     With reference to  FIGS.  1  and  5   , at step S 108 , a first data file  213  is exported from the optimization system  211 . In some embodiments, the first data file  213  includes the first modified geometrical data for the object entity, and the second label derived from the third label based on the second mapping  210  in the CAE system  206 . In some embodiments, the first data file  213  includes the second label, the first modified geometrical data and the topological data. In some embodiments, the first data file  213  can be in a neutral, generic, non-proprietary file format or a proprietary file format. In some embodiments, the data file  213  is in STEP file format, DWG file format, STL file format, DXT file format or any other suitable non-proprietary file format. In some embodiments, the first data file  213  generated by the optimization system  211  is readable and accessible by the CAD system  201 . 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  5   , the first data file  213  is exported from the optimization system  211 . The first data file  213  includes the second label 1, the first modified geometrical data G1′ and the topological data T1. In some embodiments, the second label 1 and the topological data T1 are copied from the analysis result file  209  to the first data file  213 . In some embodiments, the first data file  213  further includes the second label 2, the other modified geometrical data G2′ and the topological data T2. In some embodiments, the second label 2 and the topological data T2 are copied from the analysis result file  209  to the first data file  213 . In some embodiments, the first data file  213  further includes the second label 3, the other modified geometrical data G3′ and the topological data T3. In some embodiments, the second label 3 and the topological data T3 are copied from the analysis result file  209  to the first data file  213 . 
     With reference to  FIGS.  1  and  3   , at step S  109 , the first data file  213  is imported into the CAD system  201 . In some embodiments, the first data file  213  generated by the optimization system  211  as shown in  FIG.  5    is imported into the CAD system  201  as shown in  FIG.  3   . In some embodiments, the second label is transformed into the first label based on the first mapping  205  stored in the CAD system  201 . The first mapping  205  is established at the step S 103 . In some embodiments, the transformation of the second label into the first label is performed during the importation of the first data file  213  into the CAD system  201 . In some embodiments, the first data file  213  including the second label, the first modified geometrical data and the topological data is imported into the CAD system  201 . 
     In some embodiments, the CAD system  201  is actuated prior to the importation of the first data file  213  into the CAD system  201 . In some embodiments, the CAD system  201  is actuated by a second user scripting, such as a text file, a command lines file, a user script, etc. 
     With reference to  FIGS.  1  and  3   , at step S 110 , the geometrical data of the object entity assigned the first label is replaced by the first modified geometrical data in the first data file  213  to generate a first modified design model  202   a  in the CAD system  201 . Since the first label corresponds to the second label based on the first mapping stored in the CAD program  201 , the geometrical data associated with the first label is replaced by the first modified geometrical data associated with the second label. 
     After the replacement of the geometrical data with the first modified geometrical data, the design model  202  is refreshed to become the first modified design model  202   a  by the CAD system  201 . In some embodiments, the design model  202  is optimized to become the first modified design model  202   a  according to the optimization result from the optimization system  211 . In some embodiments, the topological data (T1, T2 and T3) remain unchanged. The topological data (Tl, T2 and T3) in the CAD information file  203  are same as the topological data (T1, T2 and T3) in a first modified CAD information file  203   a . 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  3   , the first mapping  205  is established at the step S 103  and stored in the CAD system  201 . The first labels (A, B and C) correspond respectively to the second labels (1, 2 and 3). Based on the first mapping  205 , the geometrical data G1 associated with the first label A is replaced by the first modified geometrical data G1′ associated with the second label 1 in the first data file  213 . In some embodiments, based on the first mapping  205 , the other geometrical data G2 associated with the first label B is replaced by the other modified geometrical data G2′ associated with the second label 2 in the first data file  213 , and the other geometrical data G3 associated with the first label C is replaced by the other modified geometrical data G3′ associated with the second label 3 in the first data file  213 . Subsequently, the first modified design model  202   a  is generated by the CAD system  201 . In some embodiments, the replacement of the geometrical data G1 with the first modified geometrical data G1′ is a geometrical change of the object entity assigned the first label A. In some embodiments, the replacement of the geometrical data G1with the first modified geometrical data G1′ represents a change of shape or dimension of the object entity assigned the first label A. In some embodiments, the replacement of the other geometrical data G2 with the other modified geometrical data G2′ is a geometrical change of the object entity assigned the first label B, and the replacement of the other geometrical data G3 with the other modified geometrical data G3′ is a geometrical change of the object entity assigned the first label C. 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  3   , the first modified geometrical data G1′ is an expansion of the object entity assigned the first label A. As such, the object entity assigned the first label A in the first modified design model  202   a  is enlarged compared to the object entity assigned the first label A in the design model  202 . As a result, in the first modified CAD information file  203   a , the first label A is now associated with the first modified geometrical data G1′ and the topological data T1. In some embodiments, the rest of the first labels (B and C) are associated with the other modified geometrical data {G2′ and G3′) and the topological data (T2 and T3) correspondingly. 
     In some embodiments, the method S 100  further includes steps S 111  to S 114  as shown in  FIG.  2   . In some embodiments, the steps S 111  to S 114  are implemented after the step S 110  discussed above and shown in  FIG.  1   . In some embodiments, the method S 100  can be continuous from steps S 101  to S 114  as shown in  FIGS.  1  and  2   . 
     With reference to  FIGS.  2  and  3   , at step S  111 , the first modified design model  202   a  is provided in the CAD system  201 . In some embodiments, the first modified design model  202   a  is generated by the CAD system  201 . In some embodiments, the first modified design model  202   a  includes the object entity assigned the first label and represented by the first modified geometrical data and the topological data. 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  3   , the first modified design model  202   a  includes three object entities, including two circular surfaces and one cylindrical solid between the two circular surfaces. One of the two circular surfaces is enlarged after the step S 110 , so one object entity is represented by the first modified geometrical data G1′ and the topological data T1, and the other two object entities are represented by the other modified geometrical data (G2′ and G3′ respectively) and topological data (T2 and T3 respectively). 
     With reference to  FIGS.  2  and  3   , at step S 112 , a second neutral file  204   a  of the first modified design model  202   a  is exported from the CAD system  201 . In some embodiments, the second neutral file  204   a  exported from the CAD system  201  includes the second label, the first modified geometrical data and the topological data. The second label is derived from the first label based on the first mapping  205  stored in the CAD system  201 . In some embodiments, the second neutral file  204   a  is in a neutral, generic or non-proprietary file format. In some embodiments, the second neutral file  204   a  is in STEP file format, DWG file format, STL file format, DXT file format or any other suitable non-proprietary file format. In some embodiments, the second neutral file  204   a  is readable and accessible by the CAD system  201 , as well as other modeling systems and analyzing systems generally known in the art. In some embodiments, the second neutral file  204   a  has a file format similar to that of the first neutral file  204 . 
     In some embodiments, a native file in a proprietary file format is also generated by or exported from the CAD system  201  during the exportation of the second neutral file  204   a . In some embodiments, the native file is readable and accessible exclusively by the CAD system  201 . 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  3   , the second neutral file  204   a  of the first modified design model  202   a  is exported from the CAD system  201 . The second neutral file  204   a  includes the second labels (1, 2 and 3), the first modified geometrical data Gl′, the other geometrical data (G2′ and G3′) and the topological data (T1, T2 and T3). 
     With reference to  FIGS.  2  and  4   , at step S 113 , the second neutral file  204   a  is imported into the CAE system  206 . The second neutral file  204   a  exported from the CAD system  201  as shown in  FIG.  3    is imported into the CAE system  206  as shown in  FIG.  4   . Since the second neutral file  204   a  is in a neutral, generic or non-proprietary file format, the second neutral file  204   a  is readable and accessible by the CAE system  206 . In some embodiments, the first modified design model  202   a  generated by the CAD system  201  as shown in  FIG.  3    is transformed into a first modified mesh model  207   a  by the CAE system  206  as shown in  FIG.  4    after the importation of the second neutral file  204   a  into the CAE system  206 . 
     In some embodiments, the first modified mesh model  207   a  is generated prior to an analysis of the first modified design model  202   a  imported into the CAE system  206 . In some embodiments, the first modified mesh model  207   a  is generated by dividing the first modified design model  202  into a plurality of small parts in a grid form for subsequent analysis. In other words, the mesh model  207  is refreshed to become the first modified mesh model  207   a . 
     In some embodiments, the second mapping  210  is established. In some embodiments, the second label is transformed into the third label based on the second mapping  210  established at the step S 105  and stored in the CAE system  206  during the importation of the second neutral file  204   a  into the CAE system  206 . 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  4   , the second labels (1, 2 and 3) are transformed respectively into the third labels (X, Y and Z). As a result, in a first modified CAE information file  208   a , the third labels (X, Y and Z) are associated correspondingly with the first modified geometrical data G1′, the other geometrical data (G2′ and G3′) and the topological data (T1, T2 and T3). The CAE information file  208  is refreshed to become the first modified CAE information file  208   a . 
     With reference to  FIGS.  2  and  4   , at step S 114 , the first modified design model  202   a  is analyzed by the CAE system  206 . In some embodiments, the first modified design model  202   a  is transformed into the first modified mesh model  207   a , and the analysis is performed on the first modified mesh model  207   a . Each object entity is divided into small parts in the grid form and analyzed by the CAE system  206  based on a predetermined condition. In some embodiments, the analysis can be any type of engineering analysis generally known in the art. 
     In some embodiments, a modified analysis result of the first modified mesh model  207   a  is obtained from the CAE system. In some embodiments, the modified analysis result is associated with the analysis of the object entity of the first modified mesh model  207   a . In some embodiments, the method S 100  will be terminated if the modified analysis result is satisfactory such that no further optimization of the first modified design model  202   a  is required. 
     Alternatively, the method S 100  will continue if the modified analysis result is still not satisfactory. The modified analysis result is then exported for subsequent optimization. With reference to  FIGS.  4  and  5   , the modified analysis result is exported from the CAE system  206  and then imported into the optimization system  211  for optimization of the first modified design model  202   a . 
     For example, as shown in  FIGS.  4  and  5   , the first modified mesh model  207   a  is analyzed by the CAE system  206 , and the modified analysis results (R1′, R2′ and R3′) are obtained from the CAE system  206 . In some embodiments, a modified analysis result file  209   a  is generated by the CAE system  206 . In some embodiments, the third labels (X, Y and Z) are transformed respectively into the second labels (1, 2 and 3) based on the second mapping  210  stored in the CAE system  206 . The modified analysis result file  209   a  includes the second labels (1, 2 and 3) and the modified analysis results (R1′, R2′ and R3′). 
     In some embodiments, the modified analysis result file  209   a  is exported from the CAE system  206  as shown in  FIG.  4   , and then imported into the optimization system  211  as shown in  FIG.  5   . In some embodiments, the modified analysis result file  209   a  is in a neutral, generic or non-proprietary file format. In some embodiments, the modified analysis result file  209   a  can be in any suitable proprietary or non-proprietary file format. In some embodiments, the modified analysis result file  209   a  generated by the CAE system  206  is readable and accessible by the optimization system  211 . In some embodiments, the CAE system  206  is actuated prior to the importation of the second neutral file  204   a  into the CAE system  206 . In some embodiments, the CAE system  206  is actuated by the first user scripting. 
     In some embodiments, the method S 100  further includes steps S 115  to S  118  as shown in  FIG.  2   . In some embodiments, the steps S  115  to S 118  are implemented after the step S 114  discussed above and shown in  FIG.  1   . In some embodiments, the method S 100  can be continuous from steps S 101  to S 118  as shown in  FIGS.  1  and  2   . 
     With reference to  FIGS.  2  and  5   , at step S  115 , a second modified geometrical data for the object entity is derived based on the analysis for optimizing the first modified design model  202   a  by the optimization system  211 . In some embodiments, the second modified geometrical data is derived based on the analysis performed at the step S 114 . In some embodiments, an optimization of the first modified design model  202   a  is performed by the optimization system  211 . In some embodiments, the optimization is performed based on the modified analysis result from the CAE system  206 . 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  5   , the modified analysis result file  209   a  from the CAE system  206  is imported into the optimization system  211 , and then the second modified geometrical data G1″ is derived. In some embodiments, the other modified geometrical data (G2″ and G3″) are also derived. As a result, in a modified optimization information file  212   a , the second modified geometrical data G1″ is associated with the second label 1. In some embodiments, the other modified geometrical data {G2″ and G3″) are associated with the second labels (2 and 3 respectively). In other words, optimization of the first modified design model  202   a  is achieved by modifying the first modified geometrical data G1′ into the second modified geometrical data G1″ according to an optimization result from the optimization system  211 . In order to obtain an optimized design model, it is necessary to modify the first modified geometrical data G1′ for the object entity associated with the second label 1 into the second modified geometrical data G1″. In some embodiments, it is also necessary to modify the other modified geometrical data (G2′ and G3′) for the object entity associated with the second labels (2 and 3 respectively) into the other modified geometrical data (G2″ G3″ respectively). 
     With reference to  FIGS.  2  and  5   , at step S 1   16 , a second data file  213   a  is exported from the optimization system  211 . In some embodiments, the second data file  213   a  includes the second modified geometrical data for the object entity, and the second label derived from the third label based on the second mapping  210  in the CAE system  206 . In some embodiments, the second data file  213   a  includes the second label, the second modified geometrical data and the topological data. In some embodiments, the second data file  213   a  is in a neutral, generic or non-proprietary file format. In some embodiments, the second data file  213   a  is in STEP file format, DWG file format, STL file format, DXT file format or any other suitable non-proprietary file format. In some embodiments, the second data file  213   a  generated by the optimization system  211  is readable and accessible by the CAD system  201 . 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  5   , the second data file  213   a  is exported from the optimization system  211 . The second data file  213   a  includes the second label 1, the second modified geometrical data G1″ and the topological data T1. In some embodiments, the second label 1 and the topological data T1 are copied from the modified analysis result file  209   a  to the second data file  213   a . In some embodiments, the second data file  213   a  further includes the second label 2, the other modified geometrical data G2″ and the topological data T2. In some embodiments, the second label 2 and the topological data T2 are copied from the modified analysis result file  209   a  to the second data file  213   a . In some embodiments, the second data file  213   a  further includes the second label 3, the other modified geometrical data G3″ and the topological data T3. In some embodiments, the second label 3 and the topological data T3 are copied from the modified analysis result file  209   a  to the second data file  213   a . 
     With reference to  FIGS.  2  and  3   , at step S  117 , the second data file  213   a  is imported into the CAD system  201 . In some embodiments, the second data file  213   a  generated by the optimization system  211  as shown in  FIG.  5    is imported into the CAD system  201  as shown in  FIG.  3   . In some embodiments, the second label is transformed into the first label based on the first mapping  205  stored in the CAD system  201 . The first mapping  205  is established at the step S 103 . In some embodiments, the transformation of the second label into the first label is performed during the importation of the second data file  213   a  into the CAD system  201 . In some embodiments, the second data file  213   a  including the second label, the second modified geometrical data and the topological data is imported into the CAD system  201 . 
     In some embodiments, the CAD system  201  is actuated prior to the importation of the second data file  213   a  into the CAD system  201 . In some embodiments, the CAD system  201  is actuated by the second user scripting. 
     With reference to  FIGS.  2  and  3   , at step S 118 , the first modified geometrical data of the object entity assigned the first label is replaced by the second modified geometrical data in the second data file  213   a  to generate a second modified design model  202   b  in the CAD system  201 . Since the first label corresponds to the second label based on the first mapping stored in the CAD program  201 , the first modified geometrical data associated with the first label is replaced by the second modified geometrical data associated with the second label. In some embodiments, the first modified geometrical data is replaced with the second modified geometrical data by removing the first modified geometrical data and inserting the second modified geometrical data from the second data file. 
     After the replacement of the first modified geometrical data with the second modified geometrical data, the first modified design model  202   a  is refreshed to become the second modified design model  202   b  by the CAD system  201 . In some embodiments, the first modified design model  202   a  is optimized to become the second modified design model  202   b  according to the optimization result from the optimization system  211 . In some embodiments, the topological data (T1, T2 and T3) remain unchanged. The topological data (T1, T2 and T3) in the first modified CAD information file  203   a  are same as the topological data (T1, T2 and T3) in a second modified CAD information file  203   b . 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  3   , the first mapping  205  is established at step S 103  and stored in the CAD system  201 . The first labels (A, B and C) correspond respectively to the second labels (1, 2 and 3). Based on the first mapping  205 , the first modified geometrical data G1′ associated with the first label A is replaced by the second modified geometrical data G1″ associated with the second label 1 in the second data file  213   a . In some embodiments, based on the first mapping  205 , the other modified geometrical data G2′ associated with the first label B is replaced by the other modified geometrical data G2″ associated with the second label 2 in the second data file  213   a , and the other modified geometrical data G3′ associated with the first label C is replaced by the other modified geometrical data G3″ associated with the second label 3 in the second data file  213   a . Subsequently, the second modified design model  202   b  is generated by the CAD system  201 . 
     For example, as shown in  FIG.  3   , the second modified geometrical data G1″ is shrinkage of the object entity assigned the first label A. As such, the object entity assigned the first label A in the second modified design model  202   b  is reduced compared to the object entity assigned the first label A in the first modified design model  202   a . As a result, in the second modified CAD information file  203   b , the first label A is now associated with the second modified geometrical data G1″ and the topological data T1. In some embodiments, the remainder of the first labels (B and C) are associated correspondingly with the geometrical data (G2″ and G3″) and the topological data (T2 and T3). 
     In some embodiments, after the replacement of the first modified geometrical data with the second modified geometrical data in the second data file  213   a , the second modified design model  202   b  is provided by the CAD system  201  in a manner similar to that of the step S 111  as discussed above. In some embodiments, a third neutral file  204   b  is exported from the CAD system  201  in a manner similar to that of the step S 112  as discussed above. In some embodiments, the third neutral file  204   b  is imported into the CAE system  206  in a manner similar to that of the step S 113  as discussed above. In some embodiments, the second modified design model  202   b  is analyzed by the CAE system  206  in a manner similar to that of the step S 114  as discussed above. 
     In some embodiments, the steps S 111  to S 118  are repeated until the optimization result of the design model is satisfactory or an optimal design model is obtained so that no further optimization is required. 
     One aspect of the present disclosure provides a method of optimizing a design model. The method includes providing the design model in a CAD system, wherein the design model includes an object entity represented by a geometrical data and a topological data; assigning a first label to the object entity in the CAD system; transforming the first label into a second label to establish a first mapping in the CAD system; exporting a first neutral file of the design model including the second label, the geometrical data and the topological data from the CAD system; importing the first neutral file into a CAE system and transforming the second label into a third label to establish a second mapping in the CAE system; analyzing the design model by the CAE system; deriving a first modified geometrical data for the object entity based on the analysis for optimizing the design model by an optimization system; exporting a first data file including the first modified geometrical data for the object entity and the second label derived from the third label based on the second mapping stored in the CAE system; importing the first data file into the CAD system and transforming the second label into the first label based on the first mapping stored in the CAD system; and replacing the geometrical data of the object entity assigned the first label with the first modified geometrical data in the first data file to generate a first modified design model in the CAD system. 
     Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method of optimizing a design model. The method includes providing the design model in a CAD system, wherein the design model includes a first object entity represented by a first geometrical data and a first topological data, and a second object entity represented by a second geometrical data and a second topological data; assigning a first label to the first object entity and a second label to the second object entity in the CAD system; transforming the first label and the second label into a third label and a fourth label, respectively, to establish a first mapping in the CAD system; exporting a neutral file of the design model including the third label, the first geometrical data, the first topological data, the fourth label, the second geometrical data and the second topological data from the CAD system; importing the neutral file into a CAE system and transforming the third label and the fourth label into a fifth label and a sixth label, respectively, to establish a second mapping in the CAE system; analyzing the design model by the CAE system; deriving a modified geometrical data for the first object entity indicated by the fifth label based on the analysis for optimizing the design model by an optimization system; exporting a data file including the modified geometrical data for the first object entity indicated by the third label derived from the fifth label based on the second mapping stored in the CAE system; importing the data file into the CAD system and transforming the third label into the first label based on the first mapping stored in the CAD system; and replacing the first geometrical data of the object entity assigned the first label with the first modified geometrical data in the first data file to generate a modified design model in the CAD system, wherein the first topological data, the second geometrical data and the second topological data remain unchanged. 
     Due to the generation and exportation of the design model in a neutral file format by the CAD system and the importation of the design model in the neutral file format into the CAE system for analysis and optimization, the design model in the neutral file format is readable and accessible by the CAD system and the CAE system, without involving a database or libraries at core levels of the CAD system and the CAE system. Therefore, integration of the CAD system and the CAE system is not required. The CAD system and the CAE system can be operated separately without license or authorization from each other. 
     It should be noted that, in the description of the present disclosure, the functions or steps noted herein may occur in an order different from the order noted in the figures. For example, two figures shown in succession may in fact be executed substantially concurrently or may sometimes be executed in a reversed order, depending upon the functionalities or steps involved. 
     Although the present disclosure and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims. For example, many of the processes discussed above can be implemented in different methodologies and replaced by other processes, or a combination thereof.