Patent Publication Number: US-2023136258-A1

Title: Wireless Extension of Broadband Access

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/702,405, filed Sep. 12, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/872,717, filed Aug. 31, 2010 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,794,220), each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF ART 
     The features described herein generally relate to providing users with access to high speed data networks. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Today&#39;s high speed data connection is as important as yesteryear&#39;s dial tone. Just about every facet of life is now accessible and manageable via such a network, such as the Internet, and its importance is only going to grow over time as more and more devices become ‘smart’ and connected. 
     Reaching the network requires, of course, a data connection to a server that is on the Internet; be it via fiber optic cable, coaxial cable, wireless, satellite, cellular, or other network. And whichever network type is chosen for that data connection, there are invariably geographic areas that are not well covered by the network. For example, fiber optic and coaxial cable networks can only reach locations that have those underground cables. Digging up earth and laying those cables is an expensive task, and expansion of those networks is slow, so anyone who happens to be outside of the cable network&#39;s coverage area may be out of luck. 
     In many homes, local wireless access nodes (e.g., wireless “hotspots”) can be installed to help extend the reach of the network to bedrooms, basements, etc. that are not within easy reach of the home&#39; wiring outlets, but those are not a perfect solution either. Wireless access nodes often have a limited range that is only really suitable for indoor, same-premises deployment, and their decentralized nature can lead to maintenance difficulties as more and more homes deploy different kinds of wireless equipment from different vendors. 
     There is, and probably always will be, a need for an improvement in expanding network access to more and more locations. 
     SUMMARY 
     This summary is not intended to identify critical or essential features of the inventions claimed herein, but instead merely summarizes certain features and variations thereof. 
     In some embodiments, a wireless network provisioning server may be used to manage multiple wireless networks from multiple strand-mounted wireless access nodes located in multiple geographic neighborhoods. The various strand-mounted nodes may establish secure tunnel links with the provisioning server, and can use that tunnel to carry traffic to and from one or more consumer devices that are wirelessly connected to the access nodes. 
     The provisioning server may assign private network addresses to the various consumer devices, and the private addresses may be used within the networks managed by the server. External networks might not use the private addresses, and the server (or a different server) may convert between public and private addresses to support communications of the consumer devices. 
     In some embodiments, all wireless traffic from a consumer device may be funneled through a centralized wireless network management platform, which may perform the address conversion noted above. 
     In some embodiments, the strand-mounted access node may include multiple radio circuits, such as separate ones for access and mesh communications. The access radio may be used for communications between a consumer device and the node, while the mesh radio may be used for communications between the nodes. The mesh radio may use the same or different bandwidth protocols as that used by the access radios—in some embodiments the mesh radio may use a higher-bandwidth protocol. 
     A node may support multiple virtual wireless networks, and may allow different wireless network connections from different consumer devices. For this purpose, a given node may broadcast multiple different wireless network identifiers, and may tag network traffic with different virtual wireless network identifiers based on the virtual network to which the consumer device is connected. 
     Other details and features will also be described in the sections that follow. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Some features herein are illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings and in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements. 
         FIG.  1    illustrates an example system on which various features described herein may be implemented. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates an example process for extending the range of a broadband network. 
         FIG.  3    illustrates internal components of an example primary and secondary wireless node, and associated computing devices. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG.  1    illustrates an example communication system in which various features herein may be implemented. The system may include, for example, one or more information distribution networks  100 . The network  100  may be any type of data or content distribution network, employing any type or combination of communication links. For example, the network  100  may be a wireless, fiber optic, coaxial cable and/or hybrid fiber/coax (HFC) network of cables, wires and wireless communication links, connecting a central office  101  (e.g., a headend) and a plurality of premises  102   a - d  (e.g., homes). Elements  102   a - d  may also represent neighborhoods of city blocks, streets, zones, etc., business establishments, etc. At each premise or neighborhood  102   a - d , there may be a network access device (e.g., coaxial cable modem, fiber termination node, wireless node, telephone network interface unit, etc.), which may communicate over the network  100  with a matching device  103  at the central office  101 . That central office matching device  103  may be, for example, a termination server (e.g., a Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification Cable Modem Termination Server—DOCSIS CMTS in an HFC type network). 
     The various premises  102   a - c  may use their connection to the network  100  to access each other, the central office  101 , and any other servers over any other wide area network  104 . The wide area network  104  may be, for example, any network of Internet Protocol devices, a telephone network, satellite network, fiber optic network, a local WiFi network (e.g., WiMAX), cellular telephone, etc., and may use a gateway access router  105 . The router  105  can be, for example, any gateway computing device with an interface to the WAN  104  (e.g., an Internet gateway). The WAN  104  can also include local connection types, such as Ethernet, Firewire, etc. 
     Users at premises  102   a - c  may happily use their premises&#39; network connections to access the network  100 , but other premises  106   a - b  might be too far away from the network  100 &#39;s wires to be connected. To extend the network  100 &#39;s reach to those premises, the system may include one or more wireless nodes, such as primary node  107  and secondary nodes  108   a - b.    
     The primary node  107  may be a strand-mounted wireless access node, having a network access interface similar to those at premises  102   a - c  (e.g., a modem, network interface unit, etc.) to connect to the network  100 . Additionally, the primary node  107  may have wireless circuitry to wirelessly communicate with other devices, and may allow those devices to access the network  100  through the node  107 &#39;s own network access interface. The wireless circuitry can include any desired wireless type, such as IEEE 802.11 or 802.16 compliant circuitry, and can be configured to use any desired portion of the electromagnetic spectrum (e.g., licensed and/or unlicensed portions of the spectrum) to allow wireless access to the network  100  by far away premises  106   a - b . In  FIG.  1   , each wireless node  107 / 108  is illustrated with a range of coverage, and the overlapping ranges allow wireless extension of wireless network coverage. 
     The secondary nodes  108   a - b  may contain similar wireless circuitry as in the primary node  107 , but may omit the wired network access interface for connecting to network  100 . Instead of directly connecting to network  100 , these secondary nodes  108   a - b  may wirelessly connect to the primary node  107 , and use node  107  to eventually connect to network  100 . The secondary nodes  108   a - b  may also include wireless circuitry to connect to various pieces of consumer premises equipment (CPE). Those CPEs may connect to the secondary node  108 , which in turn may connect to the primary node  107 , which in turn may connect to the network  100 , and by virtue of these connections the CPEs can gain access to the network  100 . 
     The primary and secondary nodes  107 / 108  may form a wireless mesh network, consolidating the wireless access so that the various wireless access points  107 / 108  may have common characteristics (e.g., SSIDs, profile configurations, etc.) to simplify their use. The nodes within the mesh (e.g.,  107 / 108 ) may communicate with one another so that, for example, if the link between nodes  108   a  and  107  becomes unusable due to interference, node  108   a  can transmit its data to node  108   b , and node  108   b  may forward it on to node  107 . In some embodiments, these nodes may support multiple wireless mesh networks, each having different protocols and/or identifiers (e.g., SSIDs). One mesh network may be used to create a wireless backhaul link (e.g., a communication link that can be used to carry signals back to a central office or other server) to connect the nodes  107 / 108  to one another, while the other may be used to connect user devices and CPEs to the nodes ( 107 / 108 ). For example, a higher bandwidth wireless format may be used for the backhaul links, and a lower bandwidth format may be used for the CPE devices, since the backhaul links will be carrying more data traffic. In some embodiments, the backhaul links may be implemented as direct point-to-point network connections, instead of a mesh. 
     To coordinate the various wireless nodes and networks, the network  100  may include a wireless management platform  109  that generally manages the various wireless networks for the various premises or neighborhoods serviced by nodes  107 / 108 . The platform  109  may be co-located with the central office  101 , or it may be wired or wirelessly connected via a local or wide area network. The platform  109  itself may include one or more computer servers, configured to perform the various functions described herein. One server may be the wireless provisioning server  110 . The wireless provisioning server  110  may be responsible for managing the allocation of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses to wireless devices coming on the network, and for managing those networks (as will be described below). The platform  109  may also include one or more tunneling servers  111 . The tunneling servers  111  may be configured to terminate and administer secure communication tunnels or links with various devices on the network  100 . For example, the server  111  may be a Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) termination server, configured to establish an L2TP secure tunnel with the primary node  107 . Any desired type of secure communication server can be used. 
     The platform  109  may also include other servers  112 , which can be configured to assist with DHCP IP address assignments, domain name lookup operations, etc. The various servers are illustrated separately for convenience, but in practice they may be combined/subdivided in any desired manner The description herein may generally attribute the various server functions to the wireless management platform  109  as a whole, but the ultimate responsibilities may be divided and shared among the plurality of servers. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates an example flow diagram for extending the broadband access of network  100 . The example process in  FIG.  2    begins with a primary wireless node (e.g.,  107  in this example) coming online in step  201 . As noted above, the primary node  107  may have a direct connection to the network  100 , such as through a modem or other network interface device (e.g., DOCSIS, fiber, Ethernet, etc.), and may also have wireless circuitry. When the primary node  107  comes online (e.g., initially connected, powered on, etc.), it can establish a communication link with the network  100 , such as, in an example of an HFC-type network, by establishing a DOCSIS connection via a matching device, such as a CMTS  103 . First-time modems may undergo a more detailed provisioning process with the CMTS, which may include providing modem identification information (e.g., a media access control—MAC-address), and user authentication. 
     As part of coming online, the primary node  107  (or a CPE within the node  107 ) may be assigned an Internet Protocol address by the provisioning server  110  (which may use a DHCP server as well for this). The primary node  107 &#39;s IP address may be a private one managed by the wireless provisioning server  110 . For example, the server  110  may, through the gateway  105 , have a single public IP address that is registered with domain name servers out on the WAN  104  (e.g., the Internet), and it can manage (or create) a listing of private IP addresses. The private IP addresses might not be registered on servers out on the WAN  104 , but rather may be addresses that are assigned by the provisioning server  110  for use within the wireless network managed by the wireless management platform  109 . 
     The primary node  107  (or, a CPE within the node  107 ) may also establish a secure tunnel for communications with the tunneling server  111 . As noted above, this may be any desired type of secure communications link, such as a Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) tunnel. With the tunnel in place, the primary node  107  may securely communicate with the tunneling server, and the other devices of the wireless management platform. 
     Once the primary node  107  is up and running on the network  100 , the primary node  107  may then establish a wireless backhaul link  113  with one or more secondary wireless extension nodes  108   a - b  in step  202 . This link can be made using any desired wireless technology and any desired wireless format. So, for example, licensed or unlicensed spectrum ranges may be used, and formats may be, for example, IEEE 802.11 or 802.16 (among others). The secondary nodes  108   a - b  may use this backhaul wireless link to communicate with the primary node  107  and ultimately access the network  100 . In some embodiments, the backhaul link  113  may include wired portions as well. 
     In step  203 , the various secondary nodes  108   a - b  may also establish wireless mesh links  114  with one another. The mesh links  114  may be in the same type/format/protocol as the wireless backhaul links created in step  202 , and may allow any of the nodes  107 / 108  to communicate with one another as a mesh network. The mesh network permits rerouting of signaling in case any particular wireless link becomes unusable (e.g., due to interference). For example, if the wireless link between nodes  108   a  and  107  is unusable due to interference, the nodes may use node  108   b  as an intermediary, passing signals to each other via node  108   b.    
     In step  204 , once the mesh network is up and running, the various wireless nodes  107 / 108  may transmit, e.g. broadcast, their wireless network identifiers (e.g., wireless SSIDs), and may begin receiving connection requests from various pieces of customer premises equipment (CPEs, such as portable laptops, computers, display devices, mobile phones, personal data assistants, etc.). In some embodiments, the nodes may broadcast different network identifiers to support multiple different types of wireless networks. For example, node  108   a  may broadcast one identifier (e.g., “Comcast_Wireless”) intended for use by customers of one service, and another identifier (e.g., “Starbucks_Network”) intended for use by customers of another service, and may support the two different types of wireless network concurrently. Different CPEs may log in to different wireless networks, depending on their own configuration and service subscription level. 
     If the CPE connected to a secondary wireless node  108 , then the secondary node  108  may use the backhaul wireless connection to transmit the connection request to the primary access node  107 . The primary node  107  may, in step  205 , place this request onto the upstream transmission portion of network  100 , and, for example, in the secure tunnel that was established with the wireless management platform  109 . The primary node  107  may also do this for the CPEs that have directly connected to the node  107 . 
     When sending the request to the wireless management platform  109 , the primary node  107  may add a network identifier to the request, so that the request identifies the particular wireless network to which the CPE wishes to connect. For example, the different SSIDs (“Comcast_Wireless” and “Starbucks_Network”) may correspond to different virtual network identifiers (e.g., a bit value of “0001” and “0010,” respectively). The request may also include information identifying the CPE (e.g., a media access control unique address, serial number, model number, etc.), CPE user (e.g., a name, account number, etc.), and/or the node  107 / 108  to which the CPE is connected. 
     In step  206 , the wireless management platform  109  may receive the request, decrypt/decode the data according to the appropriate tunneling protocol, and then authenticate the requesting CPE for the identified network. The authentication may involve, for example, comparing the information identifying the CPE, CPE&#39;s user, or wireless node  107 / 108  with a listing of authorized CPEs, users, or nodes for the particular network. For example, the platform  109  may store a list of approved identities for each network. 
     If the authentication fails, then the process may simply terminate with respect to that requesting CPE. However, if the authentication passes, then the platform  109  may assign a private network address (e.g., private IP address) to the requesting CPE in step  207 , and transmit that private address to the CPE in step  208 . The private address may be an address that is uniquely assigned to a single device in the wireless network of the nodes  107 / 108 , or on network  100 . This unique address need not be globally unique on the WAN  104 , and may simply be unique within the network managed by platform  109 . In contrast, a public address would be one that is uniquely assigned to a device on the WAN  104 , such that messages addressed using the public address on the WAN  104  would be routable to a specific end point. So, for example, a packet sent to an WAN  104  server containing a public address destination would be routable to the eventual destination because the routers on the WAN  104  would know which device has that public address, but a packet containing a private address would not, because the routers on the WAN  104  (e.g., the Internet) do not associate the private address with any specific device. 
     From that point, the CPE may use its private network address to communicate on the wireless virtual network. Outgoing packets from the CPE can include the CPE&#39;s private network address as a sender address, and can be sent up through the tunnel to the wireless management platform  109 . In the platform  109 , an address translation server (e.g., within DHCP server  112 ) may repackage the outgoing packet with a different sender address, and may add payload information identifying the actual CPE that sent the packet. The different sender address used for this purpose can be a public network address that is routable on the WAN  104 . That public network address can be, for example, an address assigned to a server within the management platform  109  that manages wireless communication for a particular virtual wireless network. For example, the “Comcast_Network” virtual wireless network may have its own server in the management platform  109 , and that server may be responsible for translating or tagging upstream packets with its own public network address. 
     Incoming packets from the Internet may arrive at a virtual network&#39;s server using the server&#39;s public address, and the server may convert the public address into a private one based on additional identifying information contained in the incoming packet. The server can then prepare a new incoming packet, addressed to the CPE (or to the node  107 / 108 ) by its private network, and then transmit it downstream to the node  107 / 108  and CPE. 
     The process in  FIG.  3    concludes with this communication, although steps may be repeated as desired for the addition of new nodes and/or CPEs, and the process may continue with the termination or signing off of certain CPEs or nodes. 
       FIG.  3    illustrates internal components of an example primary node  107  and secondary node  108   a . The primary node  107  may include, at its core, one or more processors  301 . The processors  301  may execute instructions, stored in a computer-readable medium such as RAM  302  and storage  303 , to cause the node to perform any of the steps and features described herein. The RAM  302  and storage  303  may be implemented using any desired type of computer-readable medium. For example, they can be flash, hard disks, floppy disks, optical compact disks, etc. 
     The primary node  107  may include a network interface device, such as a modem  304 , which can be connected to the network  100 . Other types of interfaces, such as fiber, Ethernet, WiMax, etc., may also be used. 
     The node  107  may also include local network input/output interfaces  305 , to allow the node to connect to any additional desired type of communication network. For example, the node may include an Ethernet interface, a fire-wire (IEEE 1394) interface, Bluetooth, local wireless, etc. 
     The node may also include one or more user interface components  306 . The user interface components  306  may be any desired type to allow interaction with users. For example, keyboards, mice, touch screens, microphones, speakers, etc. can be included. 
     The node may also include its mesh wireless transmission/reception radio circuitry  307 . The mesh radio circuitry may be any desired type, such as IEEE 802.11 or 802.16, using licensed or unlicensed portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. As discussed above, the mesh radio may be used to form the point-to-point link between the primary node and one or more secondary nodes. The node may also include access radio circuitry  308 . The access radio circuitry  308  may use similar wireless protocols as the mesh circuitry  307 , or it may be different, and it may be used to connect with various CPEs in the range of the node. 
     The secondary node  108   a , or access node, may contain many of the same types of elements as found in the primary node, such as one or more processors, storage media, interfaces, and mesh radio circuitry. The secondary node may also have, however, one or more access radio circuits  308 . The access radio circuit  308  may contain wireless circuitry (e.g., IEEE 802.11) to communicate with any desired customer premise equipment (CPE) within range. As discussed above, this access radio allows those CPEs to access the network  100  via the mesh radio  307  and modem  304  of the primary node  107 . 
     Although the  FIG.  3    example components are illustrated in the context of an access node, the various servers, platforms, and other computing elements described above can be implemented using similar arrangements of processors, memories, and network interfaces, with the processors executing instructions stored on the memories to result in the performance of any of the steps and features described herein. 
     The examples described above are merely that—examples. Various modifications can be made as desired as well, such as the addition and/or removal of elements, the combining and/or dividing of elements, and the rearranging of elements. The true scope of this patent should not be limited by these examples, but rather, the scopes of each of the following claims.