Patent Publication Number: US-2010126089-A1

Title: Structural components

Description:
Sheet formed building elements, used in framings of joists/walls carry loads in most cases just in one main direction. By the present invention framings of joists/walls carry loads in two major directions. This is achieved with the aid of building element (A) for forming of framing of joists or walls. Each building element (A) consists of trapezoid thin sheet here called profile plate ( 1 ) completed by wooden bars ( 2 ), see  FIG. 1   a . As an alternative the wooden bars ( 2 ) may be replaced by some other corresponding material. In this application the wooden bars ( 2 ) or when these are replaced for the purpose by some other corresponding material, are called connectors (D). 
     The main object of the connectors (D) is partly to connect layer material ( 3 ) (alternatively bars ( 4 ), alternatively boards ( 5 ) or combinations of these, see  FIG. 5   d ) with the profile plates ( 1 ) to form frames such that load support is achieved at loads perpendicular to the main direction of the profile plates, and partly to strengthen the profile plates ( 1 ) in their stiff direction. In  FIGS. 1   b ,  1   c ,  2   b ,  2   c  and  4   b ,  4   c  the connectors (D) consist of metal bars ( 2 ′) respectively metal plates ( 2 ″) in the place of wooden bars ( 2 ). 
     The connectors (D) are joined to the trapezoid corrugated thin sheet ( 1 ) at the other side ( 10 ) of its flanges and coinciding with its entire length. The objects of the building elements (A) are to form a support for fastening of layer material ( 3 ) according to  FIG. 5   b , alternatively bars ( 4 ) according to  FIG. 5   c , alternatively boards ( 5 ) according to  FIG. 5   a  or in combination of these ( 3 ,  4 ,  5 ) e g according to  FIG. 5   d  to form a frame for taking up loads perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the profile plates ( 1 ), see  FIGS. 4   a ,  4   b ,  4   c , at the same time as loads are taken up in the longitudinal direction of the profile plates ( 1 ) strengthened by the connectors (D). This means that framings of joists/walls formed as mentioned above, carry by frame action perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the profile plates at the same time as loads are carried along the strengthened profile plates ( 1 ). In this way, there is achieved load support in two main directions perpendicular to each other when the framings of joists/walls are supported at four sides. 
     A four side support of framings of joists/walls with two main directions as mentioned above make spans compared to corresponding single-spanned framings of joists/walls may be increased at the same load. Thus the competitive ability may be improved. 
     The dimensions of the connectors (D), the layer materials ( 3 ) alternatively the bars ( 4 ), alternatively the boards ( 5 ) and the profile plates ( 1 ) are adapted to each other such that the load support in the two main directions will be as optimal as possible in view of the load of the framings of joists/walls and the spans in the two main directions. 
     The profile plates ( 1 ) are either existing thin sheet profiles at the market or specially manufactured trapezoid corrugated thin profiles especially adapted to the purpose. 
     The connectors (D) also increase the design height in both main directions which contributes to increased load support. If the connection of the building elements (A) and layer materials ( 3 ) (alternatively bars ( 4 ) alternatively boards ( 5 ) is performed at the building place when forming the framings of joists, the building elements (A) should be supported in the mounting in order to further increase cooperation and load support. 
     The connectors (D) are joined to the profile plates ( 1 ) by aid of glue and/or screws, alternatively nails, alternatively rivets, alternatively welding. The layer materials ( 3 ), alternatively bars ( 4 ), alternatively boards ( 5 ) are joined in turn with the outer sides ( 11 ) of the building elements (A) by glue and/or screws, alternatively nails, alternatively rivets, alternatively welding. 
     The length of the building element (A) in the longitudinal direction of the profile plates is adapted to the size of the room alternatively the height of the apartment or to the distance between the supports in this direction. 
     The joining (B) of the longitudinal joints of the profile plates, see  FIG. 2   a - c , is in principle performed in the same way as when laying a roof exclusively with theses profile plates ( 1 ) but tensile- pressure- and shear forces shall be transferred to load support perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the profile plates ( 1 ). The building elements (A) next to the supports, see  FIGS. 4   a - c , are adapted to these supports. The central portions (C) of the profile plates next to supports have here been shown as drawn with load from above according to figures.  FIG. 3  shows several connected (B) building elements (A) for the span equal to n×a. 
     Framings of joists/walls formed from the building elements (A) for which patent has been applied for, have hole cambers ( 6 ), see  FIGS. 4   a - c , which when needed are used for installation of e g sewage tubes, water tubes or electrical lines. Some of these installations are advantageously placed in the building elements when these are manufactured whilst other installation details are mounted at the building place. The hole chambers ( 6 ) are also utilized for filling in order to improve sound insulation, fire insulation and heat insulation. 
     The building elements (A) are easily transported and may be put in piles according to  FIG. 6 , which means, that great amounts (large area) of building elements may be transported and stored. 
     Known construction elements from the documents mentioned below do not primarily have the ability to form frames for taking up loads perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the profile plates at the same time as taking up loads primarily also occurs along the longitudinal direction of the profile plates. The building elements (A) for which patent is applied for, according to  FIGS. 1   a ,  1   b ,  1   c ,  1   d  for forming of framings of joists/walls with primary taking up loads in two perpendicular main directions with a four side support are thus regarded as unique. 
     Documents referred to are patents No: 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,346,544A 
     DE3723527A1 
     EP1074670A2 
    
    
     Further advantages and features of the invention will be obvious from the following detailed descriptions, reference being made to the enclosed drawings, at which 
     
       FIG. 1 
       a  
     
     shows the principle for the design of the present invention, building elements (A) consisting of trapezoid corrugated profile plate ( 1 ) and wooden bars ( 2 ) joined with the profile plate ( 1 ) placed at the outside ( 10 ) of the flanges and coinciding with complete longitudinal direction, 
     
       FIG. 1 
       b  
     
     shows the principle for the design of the present invention, building elements (A), but here the wooden bars ( 2 ) according to  FIG. 1   a  are replaced by another material, in this case metal bars ( 2 ′) with the same function as that of the wooden bars ( 2 ), 
     
       FIG. 1 
       c  
     
     shows the principle for the design of the present invention, building element (A), but here the wooden bars ( 2 ) according to  FIG. 1   a  are replaced by another material, in this case metal plates ( 2 ″), 
     
       FIG. 1 
       d  
     
     shows the principle for the design of the present invention, building element (A), but here the wooden bars ( 2 ) according to  FIG. 1   a  are kept in the lower part, but have been replaced in the upper portion by another material, in this case metal plates ( 2 ″), 
     
       FIG. 2 
       a  
     
     shows the connection of two building elements (A) where the connection (B) in the longitudinal direction of the profile plates ( 1 ) is carried out in principle in the same way as when covering a roof exclusively with profile plates ( 1 ), 
       FIGS. 2   b - c    
     shows the connection (B) of two building elements (A) according to the principle shown in  FIG. 2   a,    
     
       FIG. 3 
     
     shows several joined (B) building elements (A) intended for the span n×a, 
     
       FIG. 4 
       a  
     
     shows the principle for building of framing of joists when loaded from above or walls at horizontal load where the joined (B) building elements (A) are connected to boards ( 5 ) alternatively bars ( 4 ) alternatively layers ( 3 ) to form frames for loads perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the profile plates ( 1 ) and where the central portions (C) of the outer central plates next to the support is shown as drawn when loaded from above according to the figure, 
     
       FIG. 4 
       b  
     
     shows in the same way as  FIG. 4   a  the design of framing of joists or walls, but here the wooden bars ( 2 ) have been replaced by metal bars ( 2 ′) and the boards ( 5 ) by layers ( 3 ), 
     
       FIG. 4 
       c  
     
     shows in the same way as  FIG. 4   a  the design of framing of joists or walls, but here the wooden bars ( 2 ) have been replaced by metal plates ( 2 ″) and the boards ( 5 ) are replaced by layers ( 3 ) which may as well be metal plates, 
     
       FIG. 5 
       a  
     
     shows as an example how boards ( 5 ) are fastened to the upper and lower sides (outer sides) of the connected (B) building elements (A) in order to form frames perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the profile plates ( 1 ), 
     
       FIG. 5 
       b  
     
     shows as an example how layers ( 3 ) from wood or metal or other material are fastened to the upper and lower sides (outer sides) of the connected (B) building elements (A) in order to form frames perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the profile plates ( 1 ), 
     
       FIG. 5 
       c  
     
     shows as an example how wooden bars ( 4 ) are fastened to the upper and lower sides (outer sides) of the connected (B) building elements (A) in order to form frames perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the profile plates ( 1 ), 
     
       FIG. 5 
       d  
     
     shows as an example how boards ( 5 ) are fastened to the upper side and wooden bars ( 4 ) are fastened to the lower side of the connected (B) building elements (A) in order to form frames perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the profile plates ( 1 ), 
     
       FIG. 5 
       e  
     
     shows as an example how layers ( 3 ) are fastened to the upper side and wooden bars ( 4 ) are fastened to the lower side of the connected (B) building elements (A) in order to form frames perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the profile plates ( 1 ), 
     
       FIG. 6 
     
     shows how building elements ( 4 ) have been put in each other to form a pile to make transport and storing efficient.