Patent Publication Number: US-2023135697-A1

Title: Display panel

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     The present application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0146781, filed on Oct. 29, 2021, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field 
     Aspects of some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a display panel. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     A display device may include a wavelength (or color) conversion member to display colors. The wavelength conversion member includes pigment particles having a set or predetermined color or a light emitting material emitting a light having a set or predetermined color. When a light provided from a pixel area is provided to a wavelength converter adjacent thereto, the wavelength converter adjacent to the pixel area as well as a wavelength converter corresponding to the pixel area emits the light, and as a result, colors of lights may be mixed with each other. 
     The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background and therefore the information discussed in this Background section does not necessarily constitute prior art. 
     SUMMARY 
     Aspects of some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a display panel. For example, aspects of some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a display panel with relatively improved image quality. 
     Aspects of some embodiments of the present disclosure include a display panel with relatively improved display quality by preventing, reducing, or controlling instances or degree of mixing of the colors of lights. 
     Aspects of some embodiments of the inventive concept include a display panel including a light emitting element layer including a plurality of light emitting elements emitting a first color light and a color conversion layer on the light emitting element layer, receiving the first color light, converting a wavelength of the first color light, and outputting at least two lights having different colors from each other. The color conversion layer includes a first color conversion pattern corresponding to a first pixel area, converting the wavelength of the first color light, and outputting a second color light, a second color conversion pattern corresponding to a second pixel area, converting the wavelength of the first color light, and outputting a third color light, and a third color conversion pattern corresponding to a third pixel area and transmitting the first color light. A first width between the first color conversion pattern and the second color conversion pattern, a second width between the second color conversion pattern and the third color conversion pattern, and a third width between the third color conversion pattern and the first color conversion pattern are different from each other. 
     According to some embodiments, each of the light emitting elements includes a first electrode, a light emitting layer on the first electrode, and a second electrode on the light emitting layer, and the light emitting element layer further includes a pixel definition layer provided with an opening through which at least a portion of the first electrode is exposed. 
     According to some embodiments, the light emitting element layer further includes a thin film encapsulation layer protecting the second electrode, and the color conversion layer is on the thin film encapsulation layer. 
     According to some embodiments, each of the light emitting elements further includes at least one of a hole control layer or an electron control layer, which overlaps at least the light emitting layer, and a portion of at least one of the hole control layer or the electron control layer is between the pixel definition layer and the color conversion layer. 
     According to some embodiments, the color conversion layer further includes a color filter transmitting the second color light and the third color light obtained by converting the first color light. 
     According to some embodiments, the color filter includes a first color filter overlapping the first color conversion pattern, a second color filter overlapping the second color conversion pattern, and a third color filter overlapping the third color conversion pattern. 
     According to some embodiments, the color conversion layer further includes a first bank between the first color conversion pattern and the second color conversion pattern, a second bank between the second color conversion pattern and the third color conversion pattern, and a third bank between the third color conversion pattern and the first color conversion pattern. 
     According to some embodiments, the first width is defined as a shortest distance on a straight line between the first electrode corresponding to the first color conversion pattern and the second color conversion pattern adjacent to the first electrode corresponding to the first color conversion pattern in a first direction, the second width is defined as a shortest distance on a straight line between the first electrode corresponding to the second color conversion pattern and the third color conversion pattern adjacent to the first electrode corresponding to the second color conversion pattern in the first direction, and the third width is defined as a shortest distance on a straight line between the first electrode corresponding to the third color conversion pattern and the first color conversion pattern adjacent to the first electrode corresponding to the third color conversion pattern in the first direction. 
     According to some embodiments, the first color light corresponds to a blue light, the second color light corresponds to a red light, and the third color light corresponds to a green light. 
     According to some embodiments, the first width is equal to or greater than the second width, and the second width is greater than the third width. 
     According to some embodiments, the third width is greater than a distance in a direction vertical to the first direction between the third color conversion pattern and the first electrode corresponding to the third color conversion pattern. 
     According to some embodiments, the first bank, the second bank, and the third bank have a same width in the first direction. 
     According to some embodiments, at least one pixel area of the first pixel area, the second pixel area, and the third pixel area is not aligned with the other pixel areas of the first pixel area, the second pixel area, and the third pixel area in a plan view. 
     Aspects of some embodiments of the inventive concept include a display panel including a light emitting element layer including a plurality of light emitting elements emitting a first color light and a color conversion layer on the light emitting element layer, receiving the first color light, converting a wavelength of the first color light, and outputting at least two lights having different colors from each other. The color conversion layer includes a first color conversion pattern corresponding to a first pixel area, converting the wavelength of the first color light, and outputting a second color light, a second color conversion pattern corresponding to a second pixel area, converting the wavelength of the first color light, and outputting a third color light, and a third color conversion pattern corresponding to a third pixel area and transmitting the first color light. At least one pixel area of the first pixel area, the second pixel area, and the third pixel area is not aligned with the other pixel areas of the first pixel area, the second pixel area, and the third pixel area in a plan view. 
     According to some embodiments, the first color light corresponds to a blue light, the second color light corresponds to a red light, and the third color light corresponds to a green light. 
     According to some embodiments, the second pixel area is aligned with the third pixel area in a straight line in a first direction, and the first pixel area is spaced apart from the second pixel area and the third pixel area in a second direction crossing the first direction. 
     According to some embodiments, the first pixel area is aligned with the second pixel area in a straight line in a first direction, and the third pixel area is spaced apart from the first pixel area and the second pixel area in a second direction crossing the first direction. 
     According to some embodiments, the display panel further includes a color filter transmitting the first color light, the second color light, and the third color light. 
     According to some embodiments, distances between the first color conversion pattern, the second color conversion pattern, and the third color conversion pattern are different from each other. 
     According to some embodiments, the color conversion layer further includes a plurality of banks between the first color conversion pattern, the second color conversion pattern, and the third color conversion pattern, and the banks have a same width. 
     According to the above, as the color conversion patterns are spaced apart from each other at different intervals, the mixture of colors of lights may be prevented, reduced, or controlled, and thus, a display quality of the display panel may be relatively improved. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other aspects and characteristics of embodiments according to the present disclosure will become more readily apparent by reference to the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein: 
         FIG.  1 A  is a perspective view of a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  1 B  is a cross-sectional view of a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  1 C  is a plan view of a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  2    is an enlarged plan view of a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  3    is a cross-sectional view of a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG.  4    is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIGS.  5 A to  5 C  are enlarged plan views of a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG.  6    is a graph showing an effect according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the present disclosure, it will be understood that when an element (or area, layer, or portion) is referred to as being “on”, “connected to” or “coupled to” another element or layer, it can be directly on, connected or coupled to the other element or layer or intervening elements or layers may be present. 
     Like numerals refer to like elements throughout. In the drawings, the thickness, ratio, and dimension of components are exaggerated for effective description of the technical content. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. 
     It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. Thus, a first element discussed below could be termed a second element without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms, “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. 
     Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath”, “below”, “lower”, “above”, “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature&#39;s relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. 
     It will be further understood that the terms “includes” and/or “including”, when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. 
     Hereinafter, aspects of some embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to accompanying drawings. 
       FIG.  1 A  is a perspective view of a display panel DP according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.  FIG.  1 B  is a cross-sectional view of the display panel DP according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.  FIG.  1 C  is a plan view of the display panel DP according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG.  1 A , the display panel DP may display images at a display surface DP-IS. The display surface DP-IS may be parallel (or substantially parallel) to a plane defined by a first directional axis DR 1  and a second directional axis DR 2 . The display surface DP-IS may include a display area DA and a non-display area NDA. A plurality of pixels PX (which may be referred to hereinafter as “a pixel PX”) may be located in the display area DA and may not be located in the non-display area NDA. The non-display area NDA may be defined along an edge (e.g., in a periphery, or outside a footprint) of the display surface DP-IS. The non-display area NDA may surround the display area DA. According to some embodiments, the non-display area may be omitted or may be located at only one side of the display area DA. 
     A third directional axis DR 3  may indicate a normal line direction of the display surface DP-IS, i.e., a thickness direction of the display panel DP. Front (or upper) and rear (or lower) surfaces of each layer or each unit are distinguished from each other by the third directional axis DR 3 . However, the first, second, and third directional axes DR 1 , DR 2 , and DR 3  described with respect to the present embodiments are merely examples. Hereinafter, first, second, and third directions are defined as directions respectively indicated by the first, second, and third directional axes DR 1 , DR 2 , and DR 3  and are assigned with the same reference numerals as the first, second, and third directional axes DR 1 , DR 2 , and DR 3 . 
     According to some embodiments, the display panel DP may include the display surface DP-IS that is a flat type, however, the display surface DP-IS should not be limited to the flat type. The display panel DP may include a curved type display surface or a three-dimensional display surface. The three-dimensional display surface may include plural display areas that face different directions from each other. 
     Referring to  FIG.  1 B , the display panel DP may include a base layer BL, a circuit element layer DP-CL, and a light emitting element layer DP-OLED, and a color conversion layer OSL. The base layer BL may include a synthetic resin substrate or a glass substrate. The circuit element layer DP-CL may include at least one insulating layer and a circuit element. The circuit element may include a signal line and a pixel driving circuit. The circuit element layer DP-CL may be formed by a process of forming an insulating layer, a semiconductor layer, and a conductive layer, such as coating and depositing processes, and a process of patterning the insulating layer, the semiconductor layer, and the conductive layer, such as a photolithography process. The light emitting element layer DP-OLED may include at least a light emitting element. The color conversion layer OSL may convert a color of a light provided from the light emitting element. The color conversion layer OSL may include a light conversion pattern and a structure to improve a light conversion efficiency. 
       FIG.  1 C  shows an arrangement relationship between signal lines GL 1  to GLn and DL 1  to DLm and pixels PX 11  to PXnm in a plan view. The signal lines GL 1  to GLn and DL 1  to DLm may include a plurality of gate lines GL 1  to GLn and a plurality of data lines DL 1  to DLm. 
     Each of the pixels PX 11  to PXnm may be connected to a corresponding gate line among the gate lines GL 1  to GLn and a corresponding data line among the data lines DL 1  to DLm. Each of the pixels PX 11  to PXnm may include the pixel driving circuit and the light emitting element. More types of signal lines may be provided in the display panel DP according to a configuration of the pixel driving circuit. 
     The pixels PX 11  to PXnm may be arranged in a matrix form, however, the arrangement of the pixels PX 11  to PXnm should not be limited to the matrix form. For instance, positions at which the pixels PX 11  to PXnm are located may correspond to vertices of a diamond shape. A gate driving circuit GDC may be integrated in the display panel DP through an oxide silicon gate driver circuit (OSG) process or an amorphous silicon gate driver circuit (ASG) process. 
       FIG.  2    is an enlarged plan view of the display panel DP according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.  FIG.  3    is a cross-sectional view of the display panel DP according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.  FIG.  4    is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the display panel DP according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. 
       FIG.  2    shows six pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B arranged in two pixel rows PXL as a representative example, although embodiments according to the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and in some embodiments, there may be additional pixels rows PXL according to the design of the display panel DP.  FIG.  3    shows a cross-section taken along a line I-I′ of  FIG.  2   . According to some embodiments, three pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B shown in  FIG.  2    may be repeatedly arranged in the whole area of the display area DA (refer to  FIG.  1 A ). A peripheral area NPXA may be defined around first, second, and third pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. The peripheral area NPXA may define a boundary of the first, second, and third pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, and a structure to prevent, reduce, or control a mixture of colors between the first, second, and third pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be located in the peripheral area NPXA. 
     According to some embodiments, the first, second, and third pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may have the same size as each other when viewed in a plan view (e.g., when viewed from the direction DR 3 , or when viewed from a direction normal with respect to a plane of the display panel DP), however, they should not be limited thereto or thereby. Among the first, second, and third pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, at least two pixel areas may have different sizes from each other. When viewed in a plan view, the first, second, and third pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may have a rectangular shape with a rounded corner, however, they should not be limited thereto or thereby. From a plan view, the first, second, and third pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may have other polygonal shapes, such as a rhombus shape, a pentagonal shape, etc. 
     One of the first, second, and third pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may provide a first color light corresponding to a source light, another of the first, second, and third pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may provide a second color light different from the first color light, and the other of the first, second, and third pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may provide a third color light different from the first color light and the second color light. According to some embodiments, the first pixel area PXA-R may provide the first color light, the second pixel area PXA-G may provide the second color light, and the third pixel area PXA-B may provide the third color light. According to some embodiments, the first color light may be a red light, the second color light may be a green light, and the third color light may be a blue light. 
       FIG.  3    is a cross-sectional view taken along the line I-I′ of  FIG.  2   . 
     Referring to  FIG.  3   , the circuit element layer DP-CL may include a transistor T-D as its circuit element. The configuration of the circuit element layer DP-CL may be changed according to a design of the driving circuit of the pixel PX (refer to  FIG.  1 A ), and  FIG.  3    shows the transistor T-D as a representative example. An arrangement relationship between an active A-D, a source S-D, a drain D-D, and a gate G-D that form the transistor T-D is shown in  FIG.  3   . The active A-D, the source S-D, and the drain D-D may be distinguished from each other according to a doping concentration or a conductivity of a semiconductor pattern. 
     The circuit element layer DP-CL may include a lower buffer layer BRL, a first insulating layer  10 , a second insulating layer  20 , and a third insulating layer  30 , which are located on the base layer BL. For instance, each of the lower buffer layer BRL, the first insulating layer  10 , and the second insulating layer  20  may be an inorganic layer, and the third insulating layer  30  may be an organic layer. 
     The light emitting element layer DP-OLED may include a light emitting element OLED. The light emitting element OLED may generate the source light. The light emitting element OLED may include a first electrode AE, a second electrode CE, and a light emitting layer EML located between the first electrode AE and the second electrode CE. According to some embodiments, the light emitting element layer DP-OLED may include an organic light emitting diode as its light emitting element. According to some embodiments, the light emitting element OLED may include a quantum dot light emitting diode. That is, the light emitting layer EML included in the light emitting element OLED may include an organic light emitting material as its light emitting material, or the light emitting layer EML may include a quantum dot as its light emitting material. The quantum dot will be described in more detail later. 
     The light emitting element layer DP-OLED may include a pixel definition layer PDL. For instance, the pixel definition layer PDL may be an organic layer. 
     The first electrode AE may be located on the third insulating layer  30 . The first electrode AE may be directly or indirectly connected to the transistor T-D. The pixel definition layer PDL may be provided with a first opening OP 1  defined therethrough. At least a portion of the first electrode AE may be exposed through the first opening OP 1  of the pixel definition layer PDL. 
     A hole control layer HCL, the light emitting layer EML, an electron control layer ECL may overlap at least the pixel area PXA-R. The hole control layer HCL, the light emitting layer EML, the electron control layer ECL, and the second electrode CE may be commonly arranged in the first, second, and third pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B (refer to  FIG.  2   ). Each of the hole control layer HCL, the light emitting layer EML, the electron control layer ECL, and the second electrode CE, which overlaps the first, second, and third pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, may have an integral shape, however, it should not be limited thereto or thereby. According to some embodiments, at least one of the hole control layer HCL, the light emitting layer EML, or the electron control layer ECL may be located in each of the first, second, and third pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B after being divided into plural portions. 
     The hole control layer HCL may include a hole transport layer and may further include a hole injection layer. The light emitting layer EML may generate the blue light as the source light. The blue light may have a wavelength from about 410 nm to about 480 nm. A light emission spectrum of the blue light may have a maximum peak within a wavelength range from about 440 nm to about 460 nm. The electron control layer ECL may include an electron transport layer and may further include an electron injection layer. 
     The light emitting element layer DP-OLED may include a thin film encapsulation layer TFE that protects the second electrode CE. The thin film encapsulation layer TFE may include an organic material or an inorganic material. The thin film encapsulation layer TFE may have a multi-layer structure in which an inorganic layer and an organic layer are repeatedly stacked. According to some embodiments, the thin film encapsulation layer TFE may have a structure of a first encapsulation inorganic layer IOL 1 /an encapsulation organic layer OL/a second encapsulation inorganic layer IOL 2 . The first and second encapsulation inorganic layers IOL 1  and IOL 2  may protect the light emitting element OLED from an external moisture, and the encapsulation organic layer OL may prevent or reduce instances of the light emitting element OLED getting scratches due to foreign substances or contaminants introduced during the manufacturing process. According to some embodiments, the display panel DP may further include a refractive-index control layer to improve a light emission efficiency. 
     As shown in  FIG.  3   , the color conversion layer OSL may be located on the thin film encapsulation layer TFE. The color conversion layer OSL may include a bank BK, color conversion patterns CCF-R, CCF-G, and SCP, a light blocking pattern BM, and a color filter CF. 
     The light blocking pattern BM may define the first pixel area PXA-R, the second pixel area PXA-G, and the third pixel area PXA-B. The light blocking pattern BM may be located in the peripheral area NPXA. The light blocking pattern BM may not overlap the first pixel area PXA-R, the second pixel area PXA-G, and the third pixel area PXA-B. 
     The bank BK may include a base resin and additives. The base resin may include various resin compositions that are generally referred to as a binder. The additives may include coupling agents and/or photoinitiators. The additives may further include a dispersant. 
     The bank BK may include a black coloring agent to block a light. The bank BK may include a black dye or a black pigment mixed with the base resin. According to some embodiments, the black coloring agent may include a metal material, such as carbon black, chromium, or an oxide thereof. The bank BK may include a first bank BK 1 , a second bank BK 2 , and a third bank BK 3 . The first bank BK 1  may be located between a first color conversion pattern CCF-R and a second color conversion pattern CCF-G, the second bank BK 2  may be located between the second color conversion pattern CCF-G and a third color conversion pattern SCP, and the third bank may be located between the third color conversion pattern SCP and the first color conversion pattern CCF-R. The first bank BK 1 , the second bank BK 2 , and the third bank BK 3  may have the same width in the first direction DR 1 . 
     The bank BK may define a second opening OP 2  corresponding to the first opening OP 1 . When viewed in a plan view, the second opening OP 2  may overlap the first opening OP 1  and may have a size greater than that of the first opening OP 1 . 
     The color conversion patterns CCF-R, CCF-G, and SCP may be located in the second opening OP 2 . The color conversion patterns CCF-R, CCF-G, and SCP may convert optical properties of the source light. For example, some color conversion patterns CCF-R and CCF-G of the color conversion patterns CCF-R, CCF-G, and SCP may convert the optical properties of the source light. The color conversion patterns CCF-R and CCF-G may include a quantum dot to convert the optical properties of the source light. The color conversion patterns CCF-R, CCF-G, and SCP may include the first color conversion pattern CCF-R overlapping the first pixel area PXA-R, the second color conversion pattern CCF-G overlapping the second pixel area PXA-G, and the third color conversion pattern SCP overlapping the third pixel area PXA-B. Meanwhile, the third color conversion pattern SCP may be referred to as a transmission pattern. 
     According to some embodiments, the first color conversion pattern CCF-R may covert the first color light that is the source light into the second color light. In some embodiments, the first color light may correspond to the blue light, and the second color light may correspond to the red light. The second color conversion pattern CCF-G may convert the blue light that is the source light into the green light. The green light may correspond to the third color light. The transmission pattern SCP may transmit the blue light that is the source light. Meanwhile, the blue light may have a wavelength from about 410 nm to about 480 nm. The red light may have a wavelength from about 620 nm to about 750 nm, and the green light may have a wavelength from about 500 nm to about 570 nm. 
     The first color conversion pattern CCF-R and the second color conversion pattern CCF-G may include the quantum dot and scattering particles, and the transmission pattern SCP may include only the scattering particles and may not include the quantum dot. The quantum dot included in the first color conversion pattern CCF-R may be particles that convert the blue light that is the source light into the red light, and the quantum dot included in the second color conversion pattern CCF-G may be particles that convert the blue light that is the source light into the green light. 
     According to some embodiments, the color conversion patterns CCF-R, CCF-G, and SCP may be formed by an inkjet process. A liquid composition may be provided within the second opening OP 2 . The composition that is polymerized by a thermal curing process or a light curing process is reduced in volume after curing. 
     The color filter CF may be located on the color conversion layer OSL. The color filter CF may transmit a light in a specific wavelength range and may block a light outside the specific wavelength range. 
     The color filter CF may include a plurality of color filters CF-R, CF-G, and CF-B. Each of the color filters CF-R, CF-G, and CF-B may transmit the light in the specific wavelength range and may block the light outside the specific wavelength range. A first color filter CF-R overlapping the first pixel area PXA-R may transmit the red light and may block the green light and the blue light. A second color filter CF-G overlapping the second pixel area PXA-G may transmit the green light and may block the red light and the blue light. A third color filter CF-B overlapping the third pixel area PXA-B may transmit the blue light and may block the green light and the red light. The color filters CF-R, CF-G, and CF-B may include a base resin and a dye and/or a pigment dispersed in the base resin. The base resin may be a medium in which the dye and/or the pigment are dispersed and may include various resin compositions that are generally referred to as a binder. 
     Hereinafter, the quantum dots included in the color conversion patterns CCF-R, CCF-G, and SCP will be described. The quantum dots may be particles that change a wavelength of a light incident thereto. The quantum dots are materials having a crystal structure of several nanometers in size, contain hundreds to thousands of atoms, and exhibit a quantum confinement effect in which an energy band gap increases due to a small size. When a light having a wavelength with an energy higher than the band gap is incident into the quantum dots, the quantum dots absorb the light and become excited, and then, the quantum dots emit a light of a specific wavelength and fall to the ground state. The emitted light of the specific wavelength has a value corresponding to the band gap. The light-emitting property of the quantum dots by the quantum confinement effect may be controlled by adjusting the size and the composition of the quantum dots. 
     The quantum dots may be selected from a group II-VI compound, a group III-V compound, a group compound, a group IV-VI compound, a group IV element, a group IV compound, and a combination thereof. 
     The group II-VI compound may be selected from a binary compound selected from the group consisting of CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS, and a mixture thereof, a ternary compound selected from the group consisting of AgInS, CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS, and a mixture thereof, and a quaternary compound selected from the group consisting of HgZnTeS, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, HgZnS, and a mixture thereof. 
     The group compound may include a ternary compound selected from the group consisting of AgInS 2 , CuInS 2 , AgGaS 2 , CuGaS 2 , and a mixture thereof, or a quaternary compound of AgInGaS 2 , CuInGaS 2 , or the like. 
     The group III-V compound may be selected from a binary compound selected from the group consisting of GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, and a mixture thereof, a ternary compound selected from the group consisting of GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, GaAlNP, and a mixture thereof, and a quaternary compound selected from the group consisting of GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, and a mixture thereof. The group III-V compound may further include a group II metal. For instance, InZnP may be selected as a group III-II-V compound. 
     The group IV-VI compound may be selected from a binary compound selected from the group consisting of SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, and a mixture thereof, a ternary compound selected from the group consisting of SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe, and a mixture thereof, and a quaternary compound selected from the group consisting of SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe, and a mixture thereof. The group IV element may be selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge, and a mixture thereof. The group IV compound may be a binary compound selected from the group consisting of SiC, SiGe, and a mixture thereof. 
     In this case, the binary compound, the ternary compound, or the quaternary compound may exist in the particles at a uniform concentration or may exist in the same particle after being divided into plural portions having different concentrations. 
     Each quantum dot may have a core-shell structure that includes a core and a shell surrounding the core. In addition, the quantum dots may have a core/shell structure in which one quantum dot surrounds another quantum dot. An interface between the core and the shell may have a concentration gradient in which the concentration of elements existing in the shell is lowered as the distance from a center decreases. 
     The quantum dots may be nanometer-scale particles. The quantum dots may have a full width of half maximum (FWHM) of the light emission wavelength spectrum of about 45 nm or less, for example, about 40 nm or less, and for example, about 30 nm or less. A color purity and a color reproducibility may be improved within this range. In addition, because the light emitted through the quantum dots may be emitted in all directions, an optical viewing angle may be improved. 
     In addition, the shape of the quantum dots may be a shape commonly used in the art, and it should not be particularly limited. For example, spherical, pyramidal, multi-arm, or cubic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, nanoplatelets, or the like may be applied to the quantum dots. The quantum dots may control the color of the emitted light according to the particle size, and accordingly, the converted light generated from the quantum dots may have various colors such as the red light, the green light, and the blue light. 
       FIG.  4    schematically shows a portion of the cross-section of  FIG.  3   . Referring to  FIG.  4   , a width between the first color conversion pattern CCF-R and the second color conversion pattern CCF-G, a width between the second color conversion pattern CCF-G and the third color conversion pattern SCP, and a width between the third color conversion pattern SCP and the first color conversion pattern CCF-R may be different from each other. 
     A first width WT 1  between the first color conversion pattern CCF-R and the second color conversion pattern CCF-G may be a shortest distance on a straight line between a first electrode AE- 1  corresponding to the first color conversion pattern CCF-R and the second color conversion pattern CCF-G adjacent to the first electrode AE- 1  in the first direction DR 1 . 
     A second width WT 2  between the second color conversion pattern CCF-G and the third color conversion pattern SCP may be a shortest distance on a straight line between a first electrode AE- 2  corresponding to the second color conversion pattern CCF-G and the third color conversion pattern SCP adjacent to the first electrode AE- 2  in the first direction DR 1 . 
     A third width WT 3  between the third color conversion pattern SCP and the first color conversion pattern CCF-R may be a shortest distance on a straight line between a first electrode AE- 3  corresponding to the third color conversion pattern SCP and the first color conversion pattern CCF-R adjacent to the first electrode AE- 3  in the first direction DR 1 . 
     According to some embodiments, the first width WT 1  between the first color conversion pattern CCF-R and the second color conversion pattern CCF-G may be equal to or greater than the second width WT 2  between the second color conversion pattern CCF-G and the third color conversion pattern SCP. The second width WT 2  may be greater than the third width WT 3  between the third color conversion pattern SCP and the first color conversion pattern CCF-R. 
     That is, the third width WT 3  may have the smallest size among the first width WT 1 , the second width WT 2 , and the third width WT 3 . 
     A distance LTH in the third direction DR 3  between the first, second, and third color conversion patterns CCF-R, CCF-G, and SCP and the first electrodes AE- 1 , AE- 2 , and AE- 3  respectively corresponding to the first, second, and third color conversion patterns CCF-R, CCF-G, and SCP may be uniform. According to some embodiments, the third width WT 3  may be greater than the distance LTH in the third direction DR 3  between the third color conversion pattern SCP and the first electrode AE- 3  corresponding to the third color conversion pattern SCP. As an example, the third width WT 3  may be greater than 3 times the square root of the distance LTH in the third direction DR 3  between the third color conversion pattern SCP and the first electrode AE- 3  corresponding to the third color conversion pattern SCP. 
       FIGS.  5 A to  5 C  are enlarged plan views of display panels according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.  FIGS.  5 A to  5 C  show six pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B as a representative example, although embodiments according to the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The six pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be included in one unit pixel UPX. The unit pixel UPX may be repeatedly arranged in a display area DA (refer to  FIG.  1 A ). A peripheral area NPXA may be defined around the first, second, and third pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. A bank BK (refer to  FIG.  3   ) may be located in the peripheral area NPXA to prevent a mixture of colors between the first, second, and third pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. In  FIGS.  5 A to  5 C , the six pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B are arranged in an arrangement different from that of the six pixel areas of  FIG.  2   . Similar to the first, second, and third pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B of  FIG.  2   , the first, second, and third pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B shown in  FIGS.  5 A to  5 C  may have the same size as each other when viewed in a plan view, however, they should not be limited thereto or thereby. At least two pixel areas among the first, second, and third pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may have different sizes from each other. The first, second, and third pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may have a rectangular shape with a rounded corner, however, they should not be limited thereto or thereby. When viewed in a plan view, the first, second, and third pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may have other polygonal shapes, such as a rhombus shape, a pentagonal shape, etc. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  5 A to  5 C , at least one pixel area of the first pixel area PXA-R, the second pixel area PXA-G, and the third pixel area PXA-B may not be aligned with the other pixel areas of the first pixel area PXA-R, the second pixel area PXA-G, and the third pixel area PXA-B when viewed in a plan view. That is, the first pixel area PXA-R, the second pixel area PXA-G, and the third pixel area PXA-B may be arranged in the first direction DR 1 , at least one pixel area of the first pixel area PXA-R, the second pixel area PXA-G, and the third pixel area PXA-B may be arranged spaced apart from the other pixel areas of the first pixel area PXA-R, the second pixel area PXA-G, and the third pixel area PXA-B in the second direction DR 2 . 
     In  FIG.  5 A , the first pixel area PXA-R, the second pixel area PXA-G, and the third pixel area PXA-B may be arranged spaced apart from each other in one pixel row PXL along the first direction DR 1  and the second direction DR 2 . Accordingly, a physical distance between the first pixel area PXA-R, the second pixel area PXA-G and the third pixel area PXA-B in a plan view may increase, and thus, a possibility of color mixture may decrease. 
     In some systems, the first pixel area PXA-R emitting the red light is most affected by the color mixture compared with the second pixel area PXA-G emitting the green light and the third pixel area PXA-B emitting the blue light. In  FIG.  5 B , the first pixel area PXA-R may be spaced apart from the second pixel area PXA-G and the third pixel area PXA-B in the second direction DR 2 . Accordingly, a physical distance from the first pixel area PXA-R to the second and the third pixel areas PXA-G and PXA-B may increase, and thus, the color mixture between the first pixel area PXA-R, the second pixel area PXA-G, and the third pixel area PXA-B may be prevented or reduced. According to some embodiments, not only the first pixel area PXA-R but also the second pixel area PXA-G and/or the third pixel area PXA-B may be spaced apart from the other pixel areas in one pixel row PXL along the second direction DR 2 . As an example, in  FIG.  5 C , the third pixel area PXA-B may be arranged spaced apart from the first pixel area PXA-R and the second pixel area PXA-G in the second direction DR 2 . 
     According to some embodiments, the cross-sectional views of  FIGS.  3  and  4    may be views showing cross-sections taken along the line I-I′ of  FIG.  2    and the line II-II′ of  FIGS.  5 A to  5 C . That is, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first pixel area PXA-R, the second pixel area PXA-G, and the third pixel area PXA-B may not be aligned with each other when viewed in a plan view, and the widths between the first color conversion pattern CCF-R, the second color conversion pattern CCF-G, and the third color conversion pattern SCP respectively corresponding to the first pixel area PXA-R, the second pixel area PXA-G, and the third pixel area PXA-B may be different from each other. 
     According to some embodiments, the first width WT 1  (refer to  FIG.  4   ) in the first direction DR 1  between the first color conversion pattern CCF-R overlapping the first pixel area PXA-R spaced apart from the second pixel area PXA-G and the third pixel area PXA-B in the second direction DR 2  and the second color conversion pattern CCF-G overlapping the second pixel area PXA-G may be equal to or greater than the second width WT 2  (refer to  FIG.  4   ) in the first direction DR 1  between the second color conversion pattern CCF-G and the third color conversion pattern SCP. The third width WT 3  between the third color conversion pattern SCP and the first color conversion pattern CCF-R may be smaller than the second width. 
       FIG.  6    is a graph showing an effect according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. A degree of decrease in color consistency rate due to the color mixture between the first, second, and third color conversion patterns CCF-R, CCF-G, and SCP is the highest between the first color conversion pattern CCF-R and the second color conversion pattern CCF-G. Accordingly, the first width WT 1  (refer to  FIG.  4   ) between the first color conversion pattern CCF-R and the second color conversion pattern CCF-G may be greater than each of the second width WT 2  (refer to  FIG.  4   ) and the third width WT 3  (refer to  FIG.  4   ). In addition, an influence by the color mixture between the second color conversion pattern CCF-G and the third color conversion pattern SCP may be greater than an influence by the color mixture between the third color conversion pattern SCP and the first color conversion pattern CCF-R. Accordingly, the second width WT 2  may be greater than the third width WT 3 . 
     The graph of  FIG.  6    shows the color consistency rate as a function of the distance between the first, second, and third pixel areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. In this case, the color consistency rate may correspond to an index indicating the degree of color mixture. It may mean that the color mixture does not occur as the color consistency rate is high. 
     In  FIG.  6   , as the distance between the pixel areas increases, the color consistency rate increases. According to some embodiments, “A” may correspond to the third width WT 3 , “B” may correspond to the second width WT 2 , and “C” may correspond to the first width WT 1 . As an example, the first width WT 1  may be about 28 um, and in this case, the color consistency rate may be about 89%. The second width WT 2  may be about 27 um, and in this case, the color consistency rate may be about 87%. The third width WT 3  may be about 26 um, and in this case, the color consistency rate may be about 86%. 
     Referring to  FIG.  6   , the color consistency rate decreasing by the color mixture may be compensated for by differently setting the first width WT 1 , the second width WT 2 , and the third width WT 3 . 
     Although aspects of some the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described, it is understood that embodiments according to the present disclosure should not be limited to these embodiments but various changes and modifications can be made by one ordinary skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of embodiments according to the present disclosure as hereinafter claimed. 
     Therefore, the disclosed subject matter should not be limited to any single embodiment described herein, and the scope of the present inventive concept shall be determined according to the attached claims, and their equivalents.