Patent Publication Number: US-2023148720-A1

Title: Interchangeable Bag System for cover changes and insert changes

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of United States Provisional Patent Application with Ser. No. 63/280,473 filed Nov. 17, 2021, by Florence Carter. The application is entitled “Interchangeable Bag System for cover changes and insert changes”. 
    
    
     FIELD OF INVENTION 
     This invention relates to Interchangeable Bag Systems and devices. The present invention relates to handbags, purses, and similar containers for the carriage of personal articles. These purses include ones having a separable liner therewith so that the liner is interchangeable between purses. This invention relates to a quick-change bag insert or outside panels on a central core member. The present patent disclosure relates to handbags and purses. More particularly, and not by way of any limitation, the present patent disclosure is directed to a handbag or purse having removable insert disposed on the external surfaces to modify or change the aesthetics of the bag. 
     FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH 
     None. 
     SEQUENCE LISTING OR PROGRAM 
     None. 
     BACKGROUND—FIELD OF INVENTION AND PRIOR ART 
     As far as known, there are no Interchangeable Bag System for cover changes and insert changes or the like. It is believed that this product is unique in its design and technologies. 
     BACKGROUND 
     This background as purses and handbags should prove useful. Handbags, purses, and similar personal conveniences are very popular means of storing and carrying personal effects. These are often much more than mere convenience items, and often serve as prominent fashion elements in addition to their more utilitarian functions. In general, a handbag or purse will incorporate two or more separate pockets or compartments for storage of personal effects. When a different color or style is desired, the contents are changed or the person “switches purses”. 
     Women often have two or more purses, which they use for different occasions. A woman may own a plain purse for everyday use, a fancier purse for evening use or other social affairs, or a series of purses of different colors to coordinate with different apparel. Most women have a certain number of personal articles, e.g., wallet and identification, cosmetics, writing implements and notebooks, etc., which they always carry in the purse. When a woman requires a different purse, e.g., for a formal occasion or other social affair or to carry with a specific outfit, she must remove all the articles from one purse and place them individually in the other purse, an operation that is clearly tedious and time consuming. Oftentimes, the different purses may have different compartments for the storage of various articles therein, with the woman then needing to remove the various articles from the pockets or compartments of one purse and place them in the appropriate pockets or compartments of a different purse. The various pockets or compartments are certain to be arranged differently in the different purses, thus resulting in some delay in locating articles in different purses. 
     As a result, a number of purses or similar containers having removable or interchangeable liners have been developed in the past. Of these, many do not provide any real security for the liner when it is placed in the purse, with no means being provided to secure the liner positively within the purse. Of those purse and liner systems where the liner is positively retained within the purse, the fastening systems result in an unfinished appearance to the assembly, or do not provide the security desired, or both. 
     The present invention overcomes these problems with an interchangeable purse and exterior system in which the outside panels may be quickly and easily switched from a single core. The core remains and the panels change with the present system providing for the positive attachment of the panels to the core. The system is adapted, while also providing a finished appearance for the assembly when the outer panels are installed to a compatible core. A discussion of the related art of which the present inventor is aware, and its differences and distinctions from the present invention, is provided below. 
     Problem Solved 
     The improvement and problem solved as to bags and purse devices should be useful. A purse and bag may be used for casual, business, and formal occasions. Changing all the common items carried can be a task that takes time. In addition, having different colors, textures, and prints for all the variety of occasions can cost a lot of money. What is needed is a system that can solve the many problems. The Interchangeable Bag System should be Convenient for carrying all the common items, be a fast system for changing purses and bag straps, make switching a secure means for the common item; be universal i.e., the same system can be used for several bags; have easy attachment methods; use a combination of available materials and fasteners; and be more affordable or less expensive than all new purses or bags. 
     PRIOR ART 
     As far as known, there are no Interchangeable Bag System such as developed and described by Carter. It is believed that this product is unique in its design and technologies. A novelty search revealed:
         A. US Patent Application 20060021684 provided by DeCoro called an Interchangeable purse and liner. This shows an interchangeable purse and liner provides a single liner or insert which may be interchangeably installed in any of a series of compatible handbags or the like. A person using the present purse and liner system may place all her normally carried personal articles (e.g., wallet, keys, cosmetics, notebook, and pen, etc.) in the insert, and merely remove the insert from one purse and place it in another when changing purses from, e.g., an everyday purse to an evening bag. The purse includes an upper flap which folds over the upper edge of the liner, to provide a finished appearance for the assembly. Two fastener sets (e.g., magnetic snaps, mechanical snaps, Velcro®, buttons, etc.) are used, with one set securing the flap to the inner surface of the liner along its upper edge, and the other set fastening between the liner and the inner surface of the purse.   B. U.S. Pat. No. 2,464,312 issued to Holden and named a Quick-change internal structure for handbags. Here is portrayed a quick-change bag insert and more particularly to an insert for a lady&#39;s handbag or similar bag which is provided with a plurality of article holding pockets or recesses and which can be quickly transferred to other bags with its contained articles without the necessity of individually transferring such articles.   C. U.S. Pat. No. 2,609,854 issued to Mitchell for interchangeable linings for pocketbooks. Demonstrated is the construction of a removable handbag lining in which attachment of the lining is accomplished without stitching, clamping, crimping or other mode of ‘attachment which involves permanent deformation of parts of the rigid frame forming part of the bag and employed at the top opening thereof Interchangeable.   D. U.S. Pat. No. 3,414,033 issued to Tucker for an Interchangeable purse insert. Provided by this patent is a purse insert that is constructed of a pliable, transparent plastic to display the contents there of, and is interiorly provided with document carrying pockets and cartridge-belt type loops in which lipstick tubes and the like are disposed   E. U.S. Pat. No. 6,029,723 issued to Baquero et al for an Interchangeable purse. This teaches a purse system comprising a purse housing having a plurality of fasteners on the exterior surface thereof that work in connection with a variety of cover members that snap-fit to the housing. In addition, a variety of straps and strap assemblies are also securable to the housing.   F. US Patent Application 20080295931 submitted by Meier et ai for a Handbag insert and method of use. Described is a removable handbag or purse insert for storage and removal of personal effects, to an assembly of the insert itself and a handbag, and to a method for use of the handbag and insert. The handbag insert is secured within a handbag by one of a number of securement features, which may be zippers, hooks, buttons, clips, clasps, catches or Velcro, as examples.       

     As can be observed, none of the prior art has anticipated or caused one skilled in the art of interchangeable type bags or purses systems and devices to see this invention by Florence Carter as obvious to a person skilled in the ordinary art of the industry. The Interchangeable Bag System for cover changes and insert changes provides an answer to the problems that are shown above. The Carter invention addresses the shortfalls and solves them, unlike previous art in this industry. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention is an Interchangeable Bag System for cover changes and insert changes. Taught here are the ways a purse of bag and the like can be transformed easily by exchanging the exterior surfaces or inserts to change the look of the purse or bag or provide an exchangeable core that carries the common items. The preferred embodiment of the Interchangeable Bag System configured with cover changes and insert changes, capable of being made of different materials, and comprised of: (a) a core section of the interchangeable bags system; (b) a pair of exterior surfaces of the core section; (c) a pair of interchangeable bag cover panels; (d) a means to attach the cover panels to the core section; and (e) a bag strap with a means to removably attach a strap to the core section wherein the interchangeable bag system has a variety of uses and wherein the system acts as a quick-change bag insert for organizing and carrying personal articles of a user. 
     The newly invented Interchangeable Bag System for various applications and uses can be manufactured at low volumes by very simple means and in high volume production by more complex and controlled systems. 
     OBJECTS AND ADVANTAGES 
     There are several objects and advantages of the Interchangeable Bag System for cover changes and insert changes. There are currently no purses, handbags, backpacks, luggage inserts and the like that are effective at providing the objects of this invention. 
     An Interchangeable Bag System for cover changes and insert changes has various advantages and benefits: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Item 
                 Advantages 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 1 
                 Convenient for common items 
               
               
                 2 
                 Fast for changing purses and bag straps 
               
               
                 3 
                 Secure switching of common item 
               
               
                 4 
                 Universal - same system for many bags 
               
               
                 5 
                 Easy, simple, and convenient attachment methods 
               
               
                 6 
                 Combination of available materials and fasteners 
               
               
                 7 
                 Less expensive than all new purses or bags 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Finally, other advantages and additional features of the present Interchangeable Bag System for cover changes and insert changes will be more apparent from the accompanying drawings and from the full description of the device. For one skilled in the art of purses, bags and carrying devices, it is readily understood that the features shown in the examples with this product are readily adapted to other types of purse systems and devices. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS-FIGURES 
     The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the Interchangeable Bag System for cover changes and insert changes that is preferred. The drawings together with the summary description given above and a detailed description given below explain the principles of the Interchangeable Bag System. It is understood, however, that the Interchangeable Bag System for cover changes and insert changes provided here is not limited to only the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown. 
    
    
     
         FIGS.  1 A through  1    E are sketches of the general Interchangeable Bag System for cover changes and insert changes. 
         FIGS.  2 A through  2    D are sketches of the general interchangeable cover system with components and features noted. 
         FIGS.  3 A through  3    D are sketches of the general interchangeable system featuring a print cover with the components and features shown from a top view. 
         FIGS.  4 A through  4    D are sketches of the interchangeable system featuring the leather or vinyl covers with components and features noted. 
         FIGS.  5 A through  5    D are sketches of the interchangeable system featuring the textured covers with components and features shown. 
         FIGS.  6 A through  6    D are sketches of the interchangeable insert for common items with components and features shown. 
         FIGS.  7 A through  7    F are sketches of the prior art of Interchangeable Purse Systems. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS—REFERENCE NUMERALS 
     The following list refers to the drawings: 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE B 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Reference numbers 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Ref # 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 30 
                 Interchangeable bag system 30 
               
               
                 31 
                 Small bag or clutch purse 31 using system 30 
               
               
                 34 
                 Design sketch 34 of interchangeable covers 40 
               
               
                 35 
                 Interchangeable insert 35 for common items 
               
               
                 38 
                 Core section 38 of interchangeable bags system 30 
               
               
                 39 
                 Exterior surface 39 of core section 38 
               
               
                 40 
                 Interchangeable bag cover panels 40 with surface 39 
               
               
                   40A 
                 Print cover 40A such as leopard, flowers, geometric 
               
               
                   
                 designs (circles, ellipses, squares, rectangles, 
               
               
                   
                 triangles, regular and irregular polygons, etc.) 
               
               
                     40B 
                 Leather or vinyl smooth cover surface 40B 
               
               
                     40C 
                 Textured/rough cover surface 40C 
               
               
                 50 
                 Means to attach 50 cover panels 40 to core 38 
               
               
                 51 
                 Button and buttonhole 51 
               
               
                 52 
                 Hook and loop 52 Velcro RTM 
               
               
                 53 
                 Snap system 53 with socket and cap 
               
               
                 54 
                 Magnet system 54 with magnet and plate 
               
               
                 55 
                 Zipper system 55 with slider, elements, and stop 
               
               
                 57 
                 Clasps and hoop combinations 57 
               
               
                 60 
                 Bag strap 60 
               
               
                 63 
                 Means to removably attach 63 strap 60 to core 38 
               
               
                 69 
                 Clutch system 69 
               
               
                 70 
                 Interchangeable Lip 70 
               
               
                 71 
                 Fastening means 71 like 50 
               
               
                 72 
                 Front surface 72 of clutch 69 
               
               
                 75 
                 Decorative magnets plate 75 
               
               
                 76 
                 Magnet receiver button 76 
               
               
                 300  
                 Prior Art 300 US Patent Application 20060021684 
               
               
                   
                 provided by DeCoro called an Interchangeable 
               
               
                   
                 purse and liner 
               
               
                 301  
                 Prior Art 301 U.S. Pat. No. 2,464,312 issued to 
               
               
                   
                 Holden and named a Quick-change internal structure 
               
               
                   
                 for handbags 
               
               
                 302  
                 Prior Art 302 U.S. Pat. No. 2,609,854 issued to 
               
               
                   
                 Mitchell for an Interchangeable linings for 
               
               
                   
                 pocketbooks 
               
               
                 303  
                 Prior Art 303 U.S. Pat. No. 3,414,033 issued to 
               
               
                   
                 Tucker for an Interchangeable purse insert 
               
               
                 304  
                 Prior Art 304 U.S. Pat. No. 6,029,723 issued to 
               
               
                   
                 Baquero et al for an Interchangeable purse 
               
               
                 306  
                 Prior Art 305 US Patent Application 2008/0295931 
               
               
                   
                 issued to Meier et al for a Handbag insert and 
               
               
                   
                 method of use 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     This invention relates to Interchangeable Bag Systems and devices. The present invention relates to handbags, purses, and similar containers for the carriage of personal articles. These purses include ones having a separable liner therewith so that the liner is interchangeable between purses. This invention relates to a quick-change bag insert or outside panels on a central core member. The present patent disclosure relates to handbags and purses. More particularly, and not by way of any limitation, the present patent disclosure is directed to a handbag or purse having removable insert disposed on the external surfaces to modify or change the aesthetics of the bag. 
     The advantages for the Interchangeable Bag System  30  for cover changes and insert changes are listed above in the introduction. Succinctly the benefits are that the device:
         A. Convenient for common items   B. Fast for changing purses and bag straps   C. Secure switching of common item   D. Universal—same system for many bags   E. Easy, simple, and convenient attachment methods   F. Combination of available materials and fasteners   G. Less expensive than all new purses or bags       

     The preferred embodiment of the Interchangeable Bag System  30  configured with cover changes and insert changes, capable of being made of different materials, and comprised of: (a) a core section  38  of the interchangeable bags system  30 ; (b) a pair of exterior surfaces  39  of the core section  38 ; (c) a pair of interchangeable bag cover panels  40 ; (d) a means  50  to attach the cover panels  40  to the core section  38 ; and (e) a bag strap  60  with a means  63  to removably attach a strap  60  to the core section  38  wherein the interchangeable bag system has a variety of uses and wherein the system acts as a quick-change bag insert for organizing and carrying personal articles of a user. 
     There is shown in  FIGS.  1 - 7    a complete description and operative embodiment of the Interchangeable Bag System  30 . In the drawings and illustrations, one notes well that the  FIGS.  1 - 7    demonstrate the general configuration and use of this product. The various example uses are in the operation and use section, below. 
     The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the Interchangeable Bag System  30  for cover changes and insert changes that is preferred. The drawings together with the summary description given above and a detailed description given below explain the principles of the Interchangeable Bag System  30 . It is understood, however, that the Interchangeable Bag System  30  is not limited to only the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown. Other examples of purses, bags, luggage, backpacks, and the like are still understood by one skilled in the art to be within the scope and spirit shown here. 
       FIGS.  1 A through  1    E are sketches of the general Interchangeable Bag System  30  for cover changes and insert changes. Demonstrated on this leading sheet are: 
     an interchangeable bag system  30 ; a small bag or clutch purse  31  using system  30 ; a design sketch  34  of interchangeable covers  40 ; an interchangeable insert  35  for common items; a core section  38  of interchangeable bags system  30 ; and an interchangeable bag cover panel  40  with cover surfaces  39 . 
       FIGS.  2 A through  2    D are sketches of the general interchangeable cover system  38  with components and features noted. These sketches provide: an interchangeable bag system  30 ; a design sketch  34  of interchangeable covers  40  with cover surfaces  39 ; an interchangeable insert  35  for common items; a core section  38  of interchangeable bags system  30 ; an exterior surface  39  of core section  38 ; an interchangeable bag cover panels  40 ; a means to attach  50  cover panels  40  with cover surfaces  39  to core  38  are Button and buttonhole  51 , Hook and loop  52  Velcro RTM, Snap system  53  with socket and cap, Magnet system  54  with magnet and plate, Zipper system  55  with slider, elements, and stop, and clasps and hoop combinations  57 ; a button and buttonhole  51 ; a hook and loop  52  Velcro RTM; a snap system  53  with socket and cap; a magnet system  54  with magnet and plate; a zipper system  55  with slider, elements, and stop; clasps and hoop combinations  57 ; and a bag strap  60 . 
       FIGS.  3 A through  3    D are sketches of the general interchangeable system  30  featuring a print cover  40 A with the components and features shown from a top view. Shown in these views are: an interchangeable bag system  30 ; an interchangeable insert  35  for common items; a core section  38  of interchangeable bags system  30 ; an exterior surface  39  of core section  38 ; an interchangeable bag cover panels  40 ; a print cover  40 A such as leopard flowers, geometric designs (circles, ellipses, squares, rectangles, triangles, regular and irregular polygons, etc.); a leather or vinyl cover  40 B; a textured cover  40 C; a means to attach  50  covers  40  to core  38 ; a bag strap  60 ; and a means to removably attach  63  strap  60  to core  38 . 
       FIGS.  4 A through  4    D are sketches of the interchangeable system  30  featuring the leather or vinyl covers  40 B with components and features noted. Again are shown: an interchangeable bag system  30 ; an interchangeable insert  35  for common items; a core section  38  of interchangeable bags system  30 ; an exterior surface  39  of core section  38 ; an interchangeable bag cover panels  40 ; a print cover  40 A such as leopard flowers, geometric designs (circles, ellipses, squares, rectangles, triangles, regular and irregular polygons, etc.); a leather or vinyl cover  40 B; a textured cover  40 C; a means to attach  50  cover panels  40  to core  38 ; a bag strap  60 ; and a means to removably attach  63  strap  60  to core  38 . 
       FIGS.  5 A through  5    D are sketches of the interchangeable system  30  featuring the textured covers  40 C with components and features shown. Provided in these sketches are: an interchangeable bag system  30 ; an interchangeable insert  35  for common items; a core section  38  of interchangeable bags system  30 ; an exterior surface  39  of core section  38 ; an interchangeable bag cover panels  40 ; a print cover  40 A such as leopard flowers, geometric designs (circles, ellipses, squares, rectangles, triangles, regular and irregular polygons, etc.); a leather or vinyl cover  40 B; a textured cover  40 C; a means to attach  50  cover panels  40  to core  38 ; a bag strap  60 ; and a means to removably attach  63  strap  60  to core  38 . 
       FIGS.  6 A through  6    D are sketches of the interchangeable insert  35  for common items with components and features shown. Here the sketches provide: an interchangeable insert  35  for common items; a means to attach  50  covers  40  to core  38 ; a magnet system  54  with magnet and plate; a zipper system  55  with slider, elements, and stop; clasps and hoop combinations  57 ; a bag strap  60 ; a clutch system  69 ; an interchangeable Lip  70 ; a fastening means  71  similar to  50 ; a front surface  72  of clutch  69 ; a decorative magnets plate  75 ; and a magnet receiver button  76 . 
       FIGS.  7 A through  7    F are sketches of the prior art of Interchangeable Purse Systems  30 . Here former patents and applications for various purse and bag systems are shown. These include: Prior Art 300 US Patent Application 2006/0021684 provided by DeCoro called an Interchangeable purse and liner; Prior Art 301 U.S. Pat. No. 2,464,312 issued to Holden and named a Quick-change internal structure for handbags; Prior Art 302 U.S. Pat. No. 2,609,854 issued to Mitchell for an Interchangeable linings for pocketbooks; Prior Art 303 U.S. Pat. No. 3,414,033 issued to Tucker for an Interchangeable purse insert; Prior Art 304 U.S. Pat. No. 6,029,723 issued to Baquero et al for an Interchangeable purse; and Prior Art 305 US Patent Application 2008/0295931 issued to Meier et ai for a Handbag insert and method of use. As can be seen, the Interchangeable Bag System for cover changes and insert changes are unique combinations and uses as described herein. 
     The anticipated materials for the Interchangeable Bag System  30  for cover changes and insert changes include: various materials for the interchangeable covers  40  such as print cover  40 A such as leopard flowers, geometric designs (circles, ellipses, squares, rectangles, triangles, regular and irregular polygons, etc.), solid leather or vinyl cover  40 B, or Textured cover  40 C. The materials can be cotton, corduroy, leather, synthetic leather, vinyl, Cotton Canvas, Nylon Packcloth, Ripstop Nylon, Ballistic Nylon, Cordura, Denim, Straw, Neoprene, Mesh fabric, nylon or polyester, Vegan leather (also known as faux leather), and polyurethane. The various means to attach  50  the covers  40  to core  38  are Button and buttonhole  51 , Hook and loop  52  Velcro RTM, Snap system  53  with socket and cap, Magnet system  54  with magnet and plate, Zipper system  55  with slider, elements, and stop, and clasps and hoop combinations  57 . These means can be of metals —brass, steel, copper, or made of the various plastics and composites. The magnets can be natural iron magnets or the special metals for powder magnets—iron, nickel, cobalt, and some alloys of rare earth metals (Neodymium iron boron (NdFeB)—Permanent magnet, Samarium cobalt (SmCo)—Permanent magnet, Alnico—Permanent magnet, and Ceramic or ferrite magnets —Permanent magnet). As durable and composite materials are developed, it is anticipated they can replace some of the materials known today. 
     The details mentioned here are exemplary and not limiting. Other specific components and manners specific to describing an Interchangeable Bag System  30  for cover changes and insert changes may be added as a person having ordinary skill in the field of the art of purses, bags, luggage, backpacks and the like devices and their uses well appreciates. 
     Operation of the Preferred Embodiment 
     The Interchangeable Bag System  30  for cover changes and insert changes has been described in the above embodiment. The manner of how the device operates is described below. One notes well that the description above and the operation described here must be taken together to fully illustrate the concept of the Interchangeable Bag System  30 . The preferred embodiment of the Interchangeable Bag System  30  configured with cover changes and insert changes, capable of being made of different materials, and comprised of: (a) a core section  38  of the interchangeable bags system  30 ; (b) a pair of exterior surfaces  39  of the core section  38 ; (c) a pair of interchangeable bag cover panels  40 ; (d) a means  50  to attach the cover panels  40  to the core section  38 ; and (e) a bag strap  60  with a means  63  to removably attach a strap  60  to the core section  38  wherein the interchangeable bag system has a variety of uses and wherein the system acts as a quick-change bag insert for organizing and carrying personal articles of a user. 
     The Interchangeable Bag System  30  for cover changes and insert changes is operated by interchanging the cover panels  40  that are removably secured to the core  38  when desired. The cover panels  40  can be of various designs such as shown in the  FIGS.  3  through  5   —a print cover  40 A such as leopard flowers, geometric designs (circles, ellipses, squares, rectangles, triangles, regular and irregular polygons, etc.); a leather or vinyl cover  40 B; and a textured cover  40 C. The means to removably attach  50  cover panels  40  to core  38  is operated to attach or detach the pairs of cover panels  40 . These means to attach  50  cover panels  40  to core  38  can be various types such as: a button and buttonhole  51 ; a hook and loop  52  Velcro RTM; a snap system  53  with socket and cap; a magnet system  54  with magnet and plate; and a zipper system  55  with slider, elements, and stop. An optional bag strap  60  is attached to the core  38  by a means  63  like a hook and loop or many types like those of the attachment means  50 . 
     Many uses are anticipated for the Interchangeable Bag System  30 . Some examples, and not limitations, are shown in the following Table. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Item 
                 Uses 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 1 
                 Purses 
               
               
                 2 
                 Gym bags 
               
               
                 3 
                 Backpacks 
               
               
                 4 
                 Luggage 
               
               
                 5 
                 Camping totes 
               
               
                 6 
                 School totes 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     With this description it is to be understood that the Interchangeable Bag System  30  for cover changes and insert changes is not to be limited to only the disclosed embodiment of product. The features of the Interchangeable Bag System  30  are intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the description. 
     While certain novel features of this invention have been shown and described and are pointed out in the annexed claims, it is not intended to be limited to the details above, since it will be understood that various omissions, modifications, substitutions and changes in the forms and details of the device illustrated and in its operation can be made by those skilled in the art without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention. Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention. 
     Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which these inventions belong. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the present inventions, the preferred methods and materials are now described above in the foregoing paragraphs. 
     Other embodiments of the invention are possible. Although the description above contains much specificity, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, but as merely providing illustrations of some of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention. It is also contemplated that various combinations or sub-combinations of the specific features and aspects of the embodiments may be made and still fall within the scope of the inventions. It should be understood that various features and aspects of the disclosed embodiments can be combined with or substituted for one another in order to form varying modes of the disclosed inventions. Thus, it is intended that the scope of at least some of the present inventions herein disclosed should not be limited by the particular disclosed embodiments described above. 
     The terms recited in the claims should be given their ordinary and customary meaning as determined by reference to relevant entries (e.g., definition of “plane” as a carpenter&#39;s tool would not be relevant to the use of the term “plane” when used to refer to an airplane, etc.) in dictionaries (e.g., widely used general reference dictionaries and/or relevant technical dictionaries), commonly understood meanings by those in the art, etc., with the understanding that the broadest meaning imparted by any one or combination of these sources should be given to the claim terms (e.g., two or more relevant dictionary entries should be combined to provide the broadest meaning of the combination of entries, etc.) subject only to the following exceptions: (a) if a term is used herein in a manner more expansive than its ordinary and customary meaning, the term should be given its ordinary and customary meaning plus the additional expansive meaning, or (b) if a term has been explicitly defined to have a different meaning by reciting the term followed by the phrase “as used herein shall mean” or similar language (e.g., “herein this term means,” “as defined herein,” “for the purposes of this disclosure [the term] shall mean,” etc.). References to specific examples, use of “i.e.,” use of the word “invention,” etc., are not meant to invoke exception (b) or otherwise restrict the scope of the recited claim terms. Other than situations where exception (b) applies, nothing contained herein should be considered a disclaimer or disavowal of claim scope. Accordingly, the subject matter recited in the claims is not coextensive with and should not be interpreted to be coextensive with any particular embodiment, feature, or combination of features shown herein. This is true even if only a single embodiment of the particular feature or combination of features is illustrated and described herein. Thus, the appended claims should be read to be given their broadest interpretation in view of the prior art and the ordinary meaning of the claim terms. 
     Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers or expressions, such as those expressing dimensions, physical characteristics, etc. used in the specification (other than the claims) are understood as modified in all instances by the term “approximately.” At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the claims, each numerical parameter recited in the specification or claims which is modified by the term “approximately” should at least be construed in light of the number of recited significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. 
     The present invention contemplates modifications as would occur to those skilled in the art. While the disclosure has been illustrated and described in detail the figures and the foregoing description, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only selected embodiments have been shown and described and that all changes, modifications, and equivalents that come within the spirit of the disclosures described heretofore and or/defined by the following claims are desired to be protected.