Patent Publication Number: US-2023145230-A1

Title: Multiplexer

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0152336, filed on Nov. 8, 2021 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0003403, filed on Jan. 10, 2022 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a multiplexer. 
     DISCUSSION OF RELATED ART 
     A semiconductor memory device may include a plurality of memory cells capable of storing data therein, and may transmit/receive a command and data to and from an external system such as, for example, a memory controller. 
     In a semiconductor system including such a semiconductor memory device and memory controller, a multiplexer that selects only one signal among a plurality of data signals may be used. 
     SUMMARY 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a multiplexer that minimizes or reduces output loading. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a multiplexer that is capable of minimizing or reducing output loading to increase a data transfer bandwidth. 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a multiplexer includes a first inverter for receiving and inverting first data, a second inverter for receiving and inverting second data, and a first driver connected to an output of the first inverter and to an output of the second inverter. The first driver is configured to output the first data or the second data as output data. 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a multiplexer includes a first n-type metal-oxide semiconductor (NMOS) transistor and a first p-type metal-oxide semiconductor (PMOS) transistor gated based on a first node receiving a first data signal. A drain of the first NMOS transistor and a drain of the first PMOS transistor are connected to each other at a second node. The multiplexer further includes a second NMOS transistor and a second PMOS transistor gated based on a third node receiving a second data signal. A drain of the second NMOS transistor and a drain of the second PMOS transistor are connected to each other at a fourth node. The multiplexer further includes a first driver gated based on a signal of the second node or a signal of the fourth node. The first driver is configured to output the first data signal or the second data signal as output data. 
     According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a multiplexer includes a first driver for outputting first data or second data as output data, a first transfer gate and a second transfer gate gated based on a first signal and a first inverted signal obtained by inverting the first signal, and a third transfer gate and a fourth transfer gate gated based on a second signal and a second inverted signal obtained by inverting the second signal. When the first signal becomes logic high, the first driver outputs the first data as the output data, and when the second signal becomes logic high, the first driver outputs the second data as the output data. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       The above and other aspects and features of the present disclosure will become more apparent by describing in detail embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG.  1    is an exemplary diagram illustrating a memory system according to some embodiments; 
         FIG.  2    is an exemplary block diagram showing some of the plurality of dies shown in  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  3    is an exemplary diagram illustrating the multiplexer shown in  FIG.  2   ; 
         FIG.  4    is a circuit diagram illustrating a multiplexer according to some embodiments; 
         FIG.  5    is a timing diagram illustrating an operation of the multiplexer of  FIG.  4    according to some embodiments; 
         FIG.  6    is an exemplary block diagram showing some of the plurality of dies shown in  FIG.  1   ; 
         FIG.  7    is an exemplary diagram illustrating the multiplexer shown in  FIG.  6   ; 
         FIG.  8    is a circuit diagram illustrating a multiplexer according to some embodiments; 
         FIG.  9    is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of the multiplexer of  FIG.  8    according to some embodiments; 
         FIG.  10    is an exemplary diagram illustrating a system according to some embodiments; and 
         FIG.  11    is an exemplary diagram illustrating a data center according to some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals may refer to like elements throughout the accompanying drawings. 
     The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises”, “comprising”, “includes”, and “including” when used in this specification, specify the presence of the stated features, integers, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, operations, elements, components, and/or portions thereof. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of at least one of the associated listed items. Expression such as “at least one of” when preceding a list of elements may modify the entirety of list of elements and not the individual elements of the list. When referring to “C to D”, this means C inclusive to D inclusive unless otherwise specified. 
     It will be understood that, although the terms “first”, “second”, “third”, and so on may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section described below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 
     In an example, when a certain embodiment may be implemented differently, a function or operation specified in a specific block may occur in a sequence different from that specified in a flowchart. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed at the same time. Depending on a related function or operation, the blocks may be executed in a reverse sequence. 
     In descriptions of temporal relationships, for example, temporal precedent relationships between two events such as “after”, “subsequent to”, “before”, etc., another event may occur therebetween unless “directly after”, “directly subsequent” or “directly before” is not indicated. The features of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be partially or entirely combined with each other, and may be technically associated with each other or operate with each other. The embodiments may be implemented independently of each other and may be implemented together in an association relationship. 
     A multiplexer may receive 2N (N is a natural number) data or data signals and output one data or data signal. In this regard, due to a driver connected to each of the 2N data or data signals, output loading may occur when outputting one data or data signal among the 2N data or data signals. Accordingly, the multiplexer according to some embodiments may use one driver receiving two data or data signals to implement a multiplexer receiving the 2N data or data signals using only N drivers. That is, reducing the number of drivers of the multiplexer according to some embodiments may result in minimizing or reducing the output loading. Further, this implementation may increase the data transmission bandwidth of the semiconductor system including the multiplexer according to some embodiments. 
     Hereinafter, an example in which a semiconductor memory device is embodied as a DRAM memory device is described as an example to which the multiplexer according to some embodiments is applied. The example to which the multiplexer according to some embodiments may be applied is not limited thereto, and may be applied to various semiconductor systems or semiconductor devices. 
       FIG.  1    is an exemplary diagram for illustrating a memory system according to some embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG.  1   , a memory system  10  may include a memory module  50  and a memory controller  300 . 
     The memory module  50  may include a plurality of dies RAM 0  to RAMp, where each die corresponds to a semiconductor memory device and p is a positive integer. The memory module  50  may be implemented in a form of a single in-line memory module (SIMM) or a dual in-line memory module (DIMM). 
     Each of the plurality of dies RAM 0  to RAMp may receive address information ADD and a command CMD from the memory controller  300 , and may operate based on the received address information and the command. Each of the plurality of dies RAM 0  to RAMp may transmit/receive a data signal DQ and a data strobe signal DQS to and from the memory controller  300 . 
     The memory controller  300  may control overall operations such as, for example, read, write, and refresh operations of the memory module  50 , and may be implemented as a portion of a system on chip (SoC). 
       FIG.  2    is an exemplary block diagram showing some of the plurality of dies shown in  FIG.  1   .  FIG.  3    is an exemplary diagram illustrating the multiplexer shown in  FIG.  2   . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  1  to  3   , a semiconductor memory device  100   a  as any one of the plurality of dies RAM 0  to RAMp may include a first die (cell die)  11 , a buffer die  20 , and a multiplexer  400  according to some embodiments. 
     The first die  11  may include at least one cell core including a plurality of memory cells. In  FIG.  2   , the semiconductor memory device  100   a  includes one cell die  11 , the cell die  11  includes two cell cores, and the semiconductor memory device  100   a  includes a total of two cell cores. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, according to embodiments, the number of cell dies, the number of cell cores, and the number of memory cells included in each cell core may be arbitrarily determined (see, for example, the semiconductor memory device  100   b  in  FIG.  6   ). 
     Each of the cell cores Cell Core 1  to Cell Core 2  may correspond to each of first to second channels CH 1  to CH 2 . That is, a i-th cell core (i is one of 1 to 2) may correspond to a i-th channel CH 1 . 
     When it is stated that the cell core and the channel correspond to each other, it may mean that the signal address information ADD, the command CMD, the data signal DQ, and the data strobe signal DQS related to each of the cell cores Cell Core 1  to Cell Core 2  are transmitted and received via each of the channels CH 1  and CH 2  corresponding to each of the cell cores Cell Core 1  to Cell Core 2 . 
     According to an embodiment, the cores and the channels do not correspond to each other in a 1:1 manner, but rather, may correspond to each other in a 1:n (n is an integer) or 1:m (m is an integer) manner. 
     The buffer die  20  may transmit a signal to the memory controller  300  via the multiplexer  400  connected to the first to second channels CH 1  to CH 2 , and may include a plurality of logic components to perform a request (e.g., read or write) of the memory controller  300 . 
     The multiplexer  400  receives, data or data signals (hereinafter, collectively referred to as data) D 0  to D 1  respectively transmitted, for example, via a plurality of channels CH 1  to CH 2 . For example, the multiplexer  400  may receive the first data D 0  via the first channel CH 1 , and may receive the second data D 1  via the second channel CH 2 . 
     In this regard, the multiplexer  400  may output one data among the data D 0  to D 1  as output data Dout. The multiplexer  400  according to some embodiments may output the output data Dout via one driver connected to two input data, as described below. This will be described in further detail below with reference to  FIGS.  4  and  5   . 
       FIG.  4    is a circuit diagram illustrating a multiplexer according to some embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG.  4   , the multiplexer  400  according to some embodiments includes a plurality of inverters Inv  1  and Inv  2 , a plurality of transfer gates TG 1 , TG 2 , TG 3 , and TG 4 , and a driver  402 . 
     The first inverter Inv  1  receives the first data D 0  and outputs an inverted signal of the first data D 0  to a second node n 2 . For example, the first inverter Inv  1  includes a first p-type metal-oxide semiconductor (PMOS) transistor P 1  and a first n-type metal-oxide semiconductor (NMOS) transistor N 1 . The first PMOS transistor P 1  and the first NMOS transistor N 1  may be gated based on a signal of the first node n 1 . Further, a drain of the first PMOS transistor P 1  and a drain of the first NMOS transistor N 1  may be connected to each other at the second node n 2 . 
     The second inverter Inv  2  receives the second data D 1  and outputs an inverted signal of the second data D 1  to a third node n 3 . For example, the second inverter Inv  2  includes a third PMOS transistor P 3  and a third NMOS transistor N 3 . The third PMOS transistor P 3  and the third NMOS transistor N 3  may be gated based on a signal of a fourth node n 4 . Further, a drain of the third PMOS transistor P 3  and a drain of the third NMOS transistor N 3  may be connected to each other at the third node n 3 . 
     The first transfer gate TG 1  and the second transfer gate TG 2  may receive a signal of the second node n 2  and transmit the signal to the driver  402 . The first transfer gate TG 1  and the second transfer gate TG 2  may be gated based on a first signal S 0  and a first inverted signal S 0 _bar obtained by inverting the first signal S 0 . 
     The third transfer gate TG 3  and the fourth transfer gate TG 4  may receive a signal of the third node n 3  and transmit the signal to the driver  402 . The third transfer gate TG 3  and the fourth transfer gate TG 4  may be gated based on a second signal S 1  and a second inverted signal S 1 _bar obtained by inverting the second signal S 1 . 
     The second signal S 1  may be, for example, a signal obtained by dividing the first signal S 0  by 90 degrees. 
     The driver  402  includes a second NMOS transistor N 2  and a second PMOS transistor P 2 . The second NMOS transistor N 2  is connected to the second transfer gate TG 2  and the fourth transfer gate TG 4 . The second PMOS transistor P 2  is connected to the first transfer gate TG 1  and the third transfer gate TG 3 . The driver  402  outputs a power voltage Vdd or logic high as the output data Dout when the second PMOS transistor P 2  is turned on. Alternatively, the driver  402  outputs a ground voltage or logic low as the output data Dout when the second NMOS transistor N 2  is turned on. 
     The multiplexer  400  according to some embodiments may transmit the first data D 0  to the driver  402  via the first inverter Inv  1  and the first transfer gate TG 1  and the second transfer gate TG 2 . Alternatively, the multiplexer  400  according to some embodiments may transmit the second data D 1  to the driver  402  via the second inverter Inv  2  and the third transfer gate TG 3  and the fourth transfer gate TG 4 . 
     That is, the multiplexer  400  according to some embodiments may output the first data D 0  or the second data D 1  as the output data Dout via one driver  402 . An operation of the multiplexer  400  according to some embodiments will be described below together with a timing diagram of  FIG.  5   . 
       FIG.  5    is a timing diagram illustrating an operation of the multiplexer of  FIG.  4    according to some embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  4  and  5   , the multiplexer  400  according to some embodiments receives the first data D 0  and the second data D 1 . 
     In this regard, for a duration from a first time t 1  to a second time t 2 , the first signal S 0  becomes logic high, and the second signal S 1  becomes logic low. That is, in an embodiment, the third transfer gate TG 3  and the fourth transfer gate TG 4  may be turned off, so that the second data D 1  is not transferred to the driver  402 , and so that the first data D 0  may be transferred through the turned-on first transfer gate TG 1  and the turned-on second transfer gate TG 2  to the driver  402 . Therefore, the output data Dout output through the driver  402  may be the first data D 0 . 
     Thereafter, for a duration from the second time t 2  to a third time t 3 , the second signal S 1  becomes logic high, and the first signal S 0  becomes logic low. That is, the first transfer gate TG 1  and the second transfer gate TG 2  may be turned off, so that the first data D 0  is not transferred to the driver  402 , and so that the second data D 1  may be transferred through the turned-on third transfer gate TG 3  and the turned-on fourth transfer gate TG 4  to the driver  402 . Therefore, the output data Dout output through driver  402  may be the second data D 1 . The above operation may be equally applied to a duration after a fourth time t 4 . 
       FIG.  6    is an exemplary block diagram showing some of the plurality of dies shown in  FIG.  1   .  FIG.  7    is an exemplary diagram illustrating the multiplexer shown in  FIG.  6   . For convenience of explanation, when describing  FIGS.  6  and  7   , a further description of elements and technical aspects previously described with reference to  FIGS.  2  and  3    will be omitted. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  6  and  7   , first to second cell dies  11  to  12  may vertically overlap each other to form a stacked structure. Adjacent first to second cell dies  11  to  12  may be electrically connected to each other via a through electrode (Trough-Silicon Via: TSV)  16  including a conductive material such as copper (Cu). 
     For example, a signal for accessing (e.g., read, erase, or write) to the first cell die  11  may be transmitted and received via the second cell die  12  and via the through electrode (Trough-Silicon Via: TSV)  16  located between the first cell die  11  and the buffer die  20 . 
     The buffer die  20  may transmit a signal to the memory controller  300  via a multiplexer  500  connected to the first to fourth channels CH 1  to CH 4 , and may include a plurality of logic components to perform a request (e.g., read or write) of the memory controller  300 . 
     The multiplexer  500  receives, for example, data or data signals (hereinafter, collectively referred to as data) D 0  to D 3  respectively transmitted via the plurality of channels CH 1  to CH 4 . For example, the multiplexer  500  may receive the first data D 0  via the first channel CH 1 , the second data D 1  via the second channel CH 2 , the third data D 2  via the third channel CH 3 , and the fourth data D 3  via the fourth channel CH 4 . 
     In this regard, the multiplexer  500  may output one data among the data D 0  to D 3  as the output data Dout. As described below, the multiplexer  500  according to some embodiments may output the output data Dout via two drivers connected to four input data. This will be described in further detail below with reference to  FIGS.  8  and  9   . 
       FIG.  8    is a circuit diagram illustrating a multiplexer according to some embodiments. Referring to  FIG.  8   , the multiplexer  500  according to some embodiments may include a plurality of inverters Inv  1 , Inv  2 , Inv  3 , and Inv  4 , a plurality of transfer gates TG 1 , TG 2 , TG 3 , TG 4 , TG 5 , TG 6 , TG 7 , and TG 8 , a plurality of transistors TG 9 , TG 10 , TG 11 , TG 12 , TG 13 , TG 14 , TG 15 , and TG 16 , and a plurality of drivers  502  and  504 . 
     The first inverter Inv  1  receives the first data D 0  and outputs the inverted signal of the first data D 0  to the second node n 2 . For example, the first inverter Inv  1  includes the first PMOS transistor P 1  and the first NMOS transistor N 1 . The first PMOS transistor P 1  and the first NMOS transistor N 1  may be gated based on a signal of the first node n 1 . Further, the drain of the first PMOS transistor P 1  and the drain of the first NMOS transistor N 1  may be connected to each other at the second node n 2 . 
     The second inverter Inv  2  receives the second data D 1  and outputs the inverted signal of the second data D 1  to the third node n 3 . For example, the second inverter Inv  2  includes the third PMOS transistor P 3  and the third NMOS transistor N 3 . The third PMOS transistor P 3  and the third NMOS transistor N 3  may be gated based on a signal of the fourth node n 4 . Further, the drain of the third PMOS transistor P 3  and the drain of the third NMOS transistor N 3  may be connected to each other at the third node n 3 . 
     The third inverter Inv  3  receives the third data D 2  and outputs an inverted signal of the third data D 2  to a sixth node n 6 . For example, the third inverter Inv  3  includes a fourth PMOS transistor P 4  and a fourth NMOS transistor N 4 . The fourth PMOS transistor P 4  and the fourth NMOS transistor N 4  may be gated based on a signal of a fifth node n 5 . Further, a drain of the fourth PMOS transistor P 4  and a drain of the fourth NMOS transistor N 4  may be connected to each other at the sixth node n 6 . 
     The fourth inverter Inv  4  receives the fourth data D 3  and outputs an inverted signal of the fourth data D 3  to a seventh node n 7 . For example, the fourth inverter Inv  4  includes a sixth PMOS transistor P 6  and a sixth NMOS transistor N 6 . The sixth PMOS transistor P 6  and the sixth NMOS transistor N 6  may be gated based on a signal of an eighth node n 8 . Further, a drain of the sixth PMOS transistor P 6  and a drain of the sixth NMOS transistor N 6  may be connected to each other at the eighth node n 8 . 
     The first transfer gate TG 1  and the second transfer gate TG 2  may receive the signal from the second node n 2  and transmit the signal to the first driver  502 . The first transfer gate TG 1  and the second transfer gate TG 2  may be gated based on the first signal S 0  and the first inverted signal S 0 _bar obtained by inverting the first signal S 0 . 
     The third transfer gate TG 3  and the fourth transfer gate TG 4  may receive a signal of the third node n 3  and transmit the signal to the first driver  502 . The third transfer gate TG 3  and the fourth transfer gate TG 4  may be gated based on the second signal S 1  and the second inverted signal S 1 _bar obtained by inverting the second signal S 1 . 
     The fifth transfer gate TG 5  and the sixth transfer gate TG 6  may receive a signal of the sixth node n 6  and transmit the signal to the second driver  504 . The fifth transfer gate TG 5  and the sixth transfer gate TG 6  may be gated based on the third signal S 2  and a third inverted signal S 2 _bar obtained by inverting the third signal S 2 . 
     The seventh transfer gate TG 7  and the eighth transfer gate TG 8  may receive a signal of the eighth node n 8  and transmit the signal to the second driver  504 . The seventh transfer gate TG 7  and the eighth transfer gate TG 8  may be gated based on the fourth signal S 3  and a fourth inverted signal S 3 _bar obtained by inverting the fourth signal S 3 . 
     The transistor TG 9  may be connected to and disposed between the first transfer gate TG 1  and the first driver  502 , and may be gated based on the third inverted signal S 2 _bar. Further, a drain of transistor TG 9  may be connected to the power voltage Vdd. 
     The transistor TG 10  may be connected to and disposed between the third transfer gate TG 3  and the first driver  502 , and may be gated based on the fourth inverted signal S 3 _bar. Further, a drain of transistor TG 10  may be connected to the power voltage Vdd. 
     The transistor TG 11  may be connected to and disposed between the second transfer gate TG 2  and the first driver  502 , and may be gated based on the third signal S 2 . Further, a source of the transistor TG 11  may be connected to the ground voltage. 
     The transistor TG 12  may be connected to and disposed between the fourth transfer gate TG 4  and the first driver  502  and may be gated based on the fourth signal S 3 . Further, a source of transistor TG 12  may be connected to the ground voltage. 
     The transistor TG 13  may be connected to and disposed between the fifth transfer gate TG 5  and the second driver  504 , and may be gated based on the second inverted signal S 1 _bar. Further, a drain of transistor TG 13  may be connected to the power voltage Vdd. 
     The transistor TG 14  may be connected to and disposed between the seventh transfer gate TG 7  and the second driver  504 , and may be gated based on the first inverted signal S 0 _bar. Further, a drain of transistor TG 14  may be connected to the power voltage Vdd. 
     The transistor TG 15  may be connected to and disposed between the sixth transfer gate TG 6  and the second driver  504 , and may be gated based on the second signal S 1 . Further, a source of transistor TG 15  may be connected to the ground voltage. 
     The transistor TG 16  may be connected to and disposed between the eighth transfer gate TG 8  and the second driver  504 , and may be gated based on the first signal S 0 . Further, a source of transistor TG 16  may be connected to the ground voltage. 
     The second signal S 1 , the third signal S 2 , and the fourth signal S 3  may be, for example, obtained by dividing the first signal S 0  by 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees, respectively. 
     The first driver  502  includes the second NMOS transistor N 2  and the second PMOS transistor P 2 . The second NMOS transistor N 2  is connected to the second transfer gate TG 2  and the fourth transfer gate TG 4 . The second PMOS transistor P 2  is connected to the first transfer gate TG 1  and the third transfer gate TG 3 . The first driver  502  outputs the power voltage Vdd or logic high as the output data Dout when the second PMOS transistor P 2  is turned on. Alternatively, the first driver  502  outputs the ground voltage or logic low as the output data Dout when the second NMOS transistor N 2  is turned on. 
     The second driver  504  includes a fifth NMOS transistor N 5  and a fifth PMOS transistor P 5 . The fifth NMOS transistor N 5  is connected to the fifth transfer gate TG 5  and the seventh transfer gate TG 7 . The fifth PMOS transistor P 5  is connected to the sixth transfer gate TG 6  and the eighth transfer gate TG 8 . The second driver  504  outputs the power voltage Vdd or logic high as the output data Dout when the fifth PMOS transistor P 5  is turned on. Alternatively, the second driver  504  outputs the ground voltage or logic low as the output data Dout when the fifth NMOS transistor N 5  is turned on. 
     The multiplexer  500  according to some embodiments may transmit the first data D 0  to the driver  402  via the first inverter Inv  1  and the first transfer gate TG 1  and the second transfer gate TG 2 . Alternatively, the multiplexer  500  according to some embodiments may transmit the second data D 1  to the driver  402  via the second inverter Inv  2  and the third transfer gate TG 3  and the fourth transfer gate TG 4 . Alternatively, the multiplexer  500  according to some embodiments may transmit the third data D 2  to the driver  402  via the third inverter Inv  3  and the fifth transfer gate TG 5  and the sixth transfer gate TG 6 . Alternatively, the multiplexer  500  according to some embodiments may transmit the fourth data D 3  to the driver  402  via the fourth inverter Inv  4  and the seventh transfer gate TG 7  and the eighth transfer gate TG 8 . 
     That is, the multiplexer  500  according to some embodiments may output the first data D 0 , the second data D 1 , the third data D 2 , or the fourth data D 3  as the output data Dout via the two drivers  402 . An operation of the multiplexer  500  according to some embodiments will be described below together with a timing diagram of  FIG.  9   . 
       FIG.  9    is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of the multiplexer of  FIG.  8    according to some embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  8  and  9   , the multiplexer  500  according to some embodiments receives the first data D 0 , the second data D 1 , the third data D 2 , and the fourth data D 3 . 
     In this regard, for a duration from the first time t 1  to the second time t 2 , the first signal S 0  becomes logic high, and each of the second signal S 1 , the third signal S 2 , and the fourth signal S 3  become logic low. That is, in an embodiment, the third transfer gate TG 3  to the eighth transfer gate TG 8  may be turned off, so that the second data D 1  to the fourth data D 3  are not transmitted to the first driver  502  and/or the second driver  504 , and so that the first data D 0  may be transmitted to the first driver  502  via the turned-on first transfer gate TG 1  and the turned-on second transfer gate TG 2 . Accordingly, the output data Dout output through the first driver  502  may be the first data D 0 . 
     Thereafter, for a duration from the second time t 2  to the third time t 3 , the second signal S 1  becomes logic high, and each of the first signal S 0 , the third signal S 2 , and the fourth signal S 3  become logic low. That is, in an embodiment, the first transfer gate TG 1 , the second transfer gate TG 2 , and the fifth transfer gate TG 5  to the eighth transfer gate TG 8  may be turned off, so that the first data D 0 , the third data D 2 , and the fourth data D 3  are not transferred to the first driver  502  and/or the second driver  504 , and so that the second data D 1  may be transmitted to the first driver  502  via the turned-on third transfer gate TG 3  and the turned-on fourth transfer gate TG 4 . Accordingly, the output data Dout output through the first driver  502  may be the second data D 1 . 
     Thereafter, for a duration from the third time t 3  to a fourth time t 4 , the third signal S 2  becomes logic high, and each of the first signal S 0 , the second signal S 1 , and the fourth signal S 3  become logic low. That is, in an embodiment, the first transfer gate TG 1 , the second transfer gate TG 2 , the third transfer gate TG 3 , the fourth transfer gate TG 4 , the seventh transfer gate TG 7 , and the eighth transfer gate TG 8  may be turned off, so that the first data D 0 , the second data D 1  and fourth data D 3  are not transmitted to the first driver  502  and/or the second driver  504 , and so that the third data D 2  may be transmitted to the second driver  504  via the turned-on fifth transfer gate TG 5  and the turned-on sixth transfer gate TG 6 . Therefore, the output data Dout output through the second driver  504  may be the third data D 2 . 
     Thereafter, for a duration from the fourth time t 4  to a fifth time t 5 , the fourth signal S 3  becomes logic high, and each of the first signal S 0  to the third signal S 2  become logic low. That is, in an embodiment, the first transfer gate TG 1  to the sixth transfer gate TG 6  may be turned off, so that the first data D 0  to the third data D 2  are not transmitted to the first driver  502  and/or the second driver  504 , and so that the fourth data D 3  may be transmitted to the second driver  504  via the turned-on seventh transfer gate TG 7  and the turned-on eighth transfer gate TG 8 . Accordingly, the output data Dout output through the second driver  504  may be the fourth data D 3 . 
     The above operation may be equally applied to a duration after a sixth time t 6 . 
       FIG.  10    is an exemplary diagram illustrating a system according to some embodiments. 
       FIG.  10    is a view showing a system  1000  including the multiplexer according to some embodiments, as described above with reference to  FIGS.  1  to  9   . The system  1000  in  FIG.  10    may be embodied as a mobile system such as, for example, a portable communication terminal (mobile phone), a smartphone, a tablet personal computer, a wearable device, a healthcare device, or an Internet of Things (IoT) device. However, the system  1000  in  FIG.  10    is not necessarily limited to a mobile system, and may be embodied as, for example, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a server, a media player, or an automotive device such as a navigation device. 
     Referring to  FIG.  10   , the system  1000  may include a main processor  1100 , a memory  1200   a  and  1200   b  and a storage device  1300   a  and  1300   b . The system  100  may further include at least one of an imaging device (image capturing device)  1410 , a user input device  1420 , a sensor  1430 , a communication device  1440 , a display  1450 , a speaker  1460 , a power supply device  1470  and a connection interface  1480 . 
     The main processor  1100  may control overall operations of the system  1000 , for example, operations of other components constituting the system  1000 . The main processor  1100  may be implemented as, for example, a general-purpose processor, a dedicated processor, an application processor, etc. 
     The main processor  1100  may include at least one CPU core  1110 , and may further include a controller  1120  for controlling the memory  1200   a  and  1200   b  and/or the storage device  1300   a  and  1300   b . According to an embodiment, the main processor  1100  may further include an accelerator  1130  as a dedicated circuit for high-speed data computing such as artificial intelligence (AI) data computing. The accelerator  1130  may include, for example, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a neural processing unit (NPU), and/or a data processing unit (DPU), etc., and may be implemented as a separate chip that is physically independent from other components of the main processor  1100 . 
     The memory  1200   a  and  1200   b  may be used as a main memory device of the system  1000 , and may include a volatile memory such as, for example, SRAM and/or DRAM, or may include a non-volatile memory such as, for example, flash memory, PRAM, MRAM and/or RRAM. The memory  1200   a  and  1200   b  and the main processor  1100  may be implemented in the same package. 
     The storage device  1300   a  and  1300   b  may function as a non-volatile storage device that stores data therein regardless of whether power is supplied thereto. The storage device may have a relatively large storage capacity compared to that of the memory  1200   a  and  1200   b . The storage device  1300   a  and  1300   b  may include a storage controller  1310   a  and  1310   b  and a non-volatile memory (NVM)  1320   a  and  1320   b  that stores data therein under control of the storage controller  1310   a  and  1310   b . The non-volatile memory  1320   a  and  1320   b  may include a flash memory of a 2-dimensional (2D) structure or a 3-dimensional (3D) vertical NAND (VNAND) structure, or may include other types of non-volatile memories such as, for example, PRAM and/or RRAM. 
     The storage device  1300   a  and  1300   b  may be included in the system  1000  in a state physically separated from the main processor  1100 . Alternatively, the storage device  1300   a  and  1300   b  and the main processor  1100  may be implemented in the same package. Further, the storage device  1300   a  and  1300   b  may be embodied as a solid state device (SSD) or a memory card, and thus, may be detachably coupled to other components of the system  1000  via an interface such as the connection interface  1480  to be described in further detail below. The storage device  1300   a  and  1300   b  may be embodied as a device to which a standard protocol such as, for example, universal flash storage (UFS), embedded multi-media card (eMMC), or non-volatile memory express (NVMe) is applied. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. 
     The imaging device  1410  may capture a still image or a moving image, and may be embodied as, for example, a camera, a camcorder, a webcam, etc. 
     The user input device  1420  may receive various types of data input from a user of the system  1000 , and may be embodied as, for example, a touch pad, a keyboard, a mouse, and/or a microphone. 
     The sensor  1430  may detect various types of physical quantities that may be obtained from outside out of the system  1000 , and may convert the sensed physical quantity into an electrical signal. The sensor  1430  may include, for example, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, an illumination sensor, a position sensor, an acceleration sensor, a biosensor, and/or a gyroscope sensor. 
     The communication device  1440  may transmit and receive signals to and from other devices out of the system  1000  according to various communication protocols. The communication device  1440  may be composed of, for example, an antenna, a transceiver, and/or a modem. 
     The display  1450  and the speaker  1460  may function as output devices for outputting visual information and audible information to the user of the system  1000 , respectively. 
     The power supply device  1470  may appropriately convert power supplied from a battery built into the system  1000  and/or an external power supply, and supply the converted power to each of the components of the system  1000 . 
     The connection interface  1480  may provide a connection between the system  1000  and an external device that is connected to the system  1000  to transmit and receive data to and from the system  1000 . The connection interface  1480  may be embodied as various interfaces such as, for example, Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA), Serial ATA (SATA), external SATA (e-SATA), Small Computer Small Interface (SCSI), Serial Attached SCSI (SAS), Peripheral Component Interconnection (PCI), PCI express (PCIe), NVMe, IEEE 1394, universal serial bus (USB), secure digital (SD) card, multi-media card (MMC), eMMC, UFS, embedded Universal Flash Storage (eUFS), compact flash (CF) card interface, etc. 
       FIG.  11    is an exemplary diagram illustrating a data center according to some embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG.  11   , a data center  2000  may be a facility that collects various data and provides services, and may also be referred to as a data storage center. The data center  2000  may be a system for operating a search engine and database, or may be a computing system used in a business such as a bank or a government institution. The data center  2000  may include application servers  2100 _ 1  to  2100 _ n  and storage servers  2200 _ 1  to  2200 _ m , where each of n and m is a positive integer. The number of the application servers  2100 _ 1  to  2100 _ n  and the number of the storage servers  2200 _ 1  to  2200 _ m  may be variously selected according to embodiments. The number of the application servers  2100 _ 1  to  2100 _ n  and the number of the storage servers  2200 _ 1  to  2200 _ m  may be different from each other. 
     The application server  2100 _ 1  or the storage server  22001  may include at least one of a processor  2110  or  2210 , and a memory  2120  or  2220 . A configuration of the storage server  2200 _ 1  will be described by way of example. In this regard, the processor  22101  may control overall operations of the storage server  2200 _ 1  and may access the memory  2220  to execute instructions and/or data loaded into the memory  2220 . The memory  2220  may include, for example, Double Data Rate Synchronous DRAM (DDR SDRAM), High Bandwidth Memory (HBM), Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC), Dual In-line Memory Module (DIMM), Optane DIMM, or Non-Volatile DIMM (NVMDIMM). According to an embodiment, the number of the processors  2210 _ 1  and the number of the memories  2220  included in the storage server  22001  may be variously selected. In an embodiment, the processor  2210 _ 1  and the memory  2220  may provide a processor-memory pair. In an embodiment, the number of the processors  2210 _ 1  and the number of the memories  2220  may be different from each other. The processor  22101  may include a single core processor or a multi-core processor. The above descriptions of the storage server  2200 _ 1  may be similarly applied to the application server  2100 . According to an embodiment, the application server  2100 _ 1  does not include a storage device  2150 . The storage server  22001  may include at least one storage device  2250 _ 1 . The number of the storage devices  2250 _ 1  included in the storage server  22001  may be variously selected according to embodiments. 
     The application servers  2100 _ 1  to  2100 _ n  and the storage servers  2200 _ 1  to  2200 _ m  may communicate with each other over a network  2300 . The network  2300  may be implemented using, for example, Fiber Channel (FC) or Ethernet. In this regard, FC may be a medium used for relatively high-speed data transmission, and may use an optical switch that provides high performance/high availability. Depending on an access scheme of the network  2300 , the storage servers  2200 _ 1  to  2200 _ m  may be embodied as, for example, file storage, block storage, or object storage. 
     In an embodiment, the network  2300  may be embodied as a storage dedicated network such as a Storage Area Network (SAN). For example, the SAN may be an FC-SAN that uses an FC network and is implemented according to a FCP FC Protocol. In another example, the SAN may be an IP-SAN that uses a TCP/IP network and is implemented according to a SCSI over TCP/IP or Internet SCSI (iSCSI) protocol. In an embodiment, the network  2300  may be a general network such as a TCP/IP network. For example, the network  2300  may be implemented according to protocols such as FC over Ethernet (FCoE), Network Attached Storage (NAS), and NVMe over Fabrics (NVMe-oF). 
     Hereinafter, descriptions will be focused on the application server  2100 _ 1  and the storage server  2200 _ 1 . The descriptions of the application server  2100 _ 1  may be equally applied to other application servers  2100 _ n . The descriptions of the storage server  22001  may be equally applied to other storage servers  2200 _ m.    
     The application server  21001  may store data in one of the storage servers  2200 _ 1  to  2200 _ m  via the network  2300  upon receiving a request from a user or a client to store the data. Further, the application server  2100 _ 1  may acquire data from one of the storage servers  2200 _ 1  to  2200 _ m  via the network  2300  upon receiving a request from a user or a client to read the data. For example, the application server  2100 _ 1  may be implemented as a web server or Database Management System (DBMS). 
     The application server  21001  may access the memory  2120 _ n  or the storage device  2150 _ n  included in another application server  2100 _ n  via the network  2300 . Alternatively, the application server  2100 _ 1  may access memories  2220 _ 1  and  2220 _ m  or the storage devices  2250 _ 1  to  2250 _ m  respectively included in the storage server  2200 _ 1  to  2200 _ m  via the network  2300 . Accordingly, the application server  21001  may perform various operations on data stored in the application servers  2100 _ 1  to  2100 _ n  and/or the storage servers  2200 _ 1  to  2200 _ m . For example, the application server  21001  may execute instructions for moving or copying data between the application servers  2100 _ 1  to  2100 _ n  and/or the storage servers  2200 _ 1  to  2200 _ m . At this time, data may flow from the storage devices  2250 _ 1  to  2250 _ m  to one of the storage servers  2200 _ 1  to  2200 _ m  through the memories  2220 _ 1  to  2220 _ m  of the storage servers  2200 _ 1  to  2200 _ m  to the memories  2120 _ 1  to  2120 _ n  of the application servers  2100 _ 1  to  2100 _ n , or may be directly delivered from the storage devices  2250 _ 1  to  2250 _ m  to of the storage servers  2200 _ 1  to  2200 _ m  to the memories  2120 _ 1  to  2120 _ n  of the application servers  2100 _ 1  to  2100 _ n . The data flowing over the network  2300  may be encrypted data for security or privacy. 
     The storage server  2200 _ 1  is described by way of example. An interface  22541  may provide a physical connection between the processor  2210 _ 1  and a controller  2251 _ 1  and a physical connection between an NIC  2240 _ 1  and the controller  2251 _ 1 . For example, the interface  2254 _ 1  may be implemented in a Direct Attached Storage (DAS) scheme in which the storage device  2250 _ 1  is directly connected to a dedicated cable. Further, for example, the interface  2254 _ 1  may be implemented in various interface schemes such as Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA), Serial ATA (SATA), external SATA (e-SATA), Small Computer Small Interface (SCSI), Serial Attached SCSI (SAS), Peripheral Component Interconnection (PCI), PCI express (PCIe), NVM express (NVMe), IEEE 2394, universal serial bus (USB), secure digital (SD) card, multi-media card (MMC), embedded multi-media card (eMMC), Universal Flash Storage (UFS), embedded Universal Flash Storage (eUFS), compact flash (CF) card interface, etc. 
     The storage server  2200 _ 1  may further include a switch  2230 _ 1  and the NIC  2240 _ 1 . The switch  22301  may selectively connect the processor  2210 _ 1  and the storage device  2250 _ 1  to each other or selectively connect the NIC  2240 _ 1  and the storage device  2250 _ 1  to each other under control of the processor  2210 _ 1 . 
     In an embodiment, the NIC  2240 _ 1  may include, for example, a network interface card, a network adapter, etc. The NIC  2240 _ 1  may be connected to the network  2300  via, for example, a wired interface, a wireless interface, a Bluetooth interface, or an optical interface. The NIC  2240 _ 1  may include, for example, an internal memory, DSP, a host bus interface, etc., and may be connected to the processor  2210 _ 1  and/or the switch  2230 _ 1  via the host bus interface. The host bus interface may be implemented as one of the examples of the interface  2254 _ 1  as described above. In an embodiment, the NIC  2240 _ 1  may be integrated with at least one of the processor  2210 _ 1 , the switch  2230 _ 1 , and the storage device  2250 _ 1 . 
     In the storage servers  2200 _ 1  to  2200 _ m  or the application servers  2100 _ 1  to  2100 _ n , the processor may transmit a command to the storage devices  2150 _ 1  to  2150 _ n  and  2250 _ 1  to  2250 _ m  or the memories  2120 _ 1  to  2120 _ n  and  2220 _ 1  to  2220 _ m  to program or read data thereto or therefrom. In this case, the data may be data error-corrected via the Error Correction Code (ECC) engine. The data may be data subjected to, for example, Data Bus Inversion (DBI) or Data Masking (DM), and may include, for example, Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) information. The data may be encrypted data for security or privacy. 
     The storage devices  2150 _ 1  to  2150 _ m  and  2250 _ 1  to  2250 _ m  may transmit a control signal and a command/address signal to the NAND flash memory devices  2252 _ 1  to  2252 _ m  in response to a read command received from the processor. Accordingly, when the data is read-out from the NAND flash memory devices  2252 _ 1  to  2252 _ m , a Read Enable (RE) signal may be input as a data output control signal to allow the data to be output to a DQ bus. A Data Strobe (DQS) may be generated using the RE signal. The command and address signals may be latched into the page buffer according to a rising edge or a falling edge of the Write Enable (WE) signal. 
     The controller  22511  may control overall operations of the storage device  2250 _ 1 . In an embodiment, the controller  2251 _ 1  may include Static Random Access Memory (SRAM). The controller  2251 _ 1  may write data to the NAND flash  2252 _ 1  in response to a write-in command. Alternatively, the controller  2251 _ 1  may read-out data from the NAND flash  2252 _ 1  in response to a read-out command. For example, the write-in command and/or the read-out command may be provided from the processor  2210 _ 1  in the storage server  2200 _ 1 , the processor  2210 _ m  in another storage server  2200 _ m , or the processor  2110 _ 1  or  2110 _ n  in the application server  2100 _ 1  or  2100 _ n . A DRAM  2253 _ 1  may temporarily store (buffer) data therein to be written to the NAND flash  2252 _ 1  or data read-out from the NAND flash  2252 _ 1 . Further, the DRAM  2253 _ 1  may store meta data therein. In this regard, the meta data may be user data or data generated by the controller  2251 _ 1  to manage the NAND flash  3252 . The storage device  2250 _ 1  may include a Secure Element (SE) for security or privacy. 
     As is traditional in the field of the present disclosure, embodiments are described, and illustrated in the drawings, in terms of functional blocks, units and/or modules. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that these blocks, units and/or modules are physically implemented by electronic (or optical) circuits such as logic circuits, discrete components, microprocessors, hard-wired circuits, memory elements, wiring connections, etc., which may be formed using semiconductor-based fabrication techniques or other manufacturing technologies. In the case of the blocks, units and/or modules being implemented by microprocessors or similar, they may be programmed using software (e.g., microcode) to perform various functions discussed herein and may optionally be driven by firmware and/or software. Alternatively, each block, unit and/or module may be implemented by dedicated hardware, or as a combination of dedicated hardware to perform some functions and a processor (e.g., one or more programmed microprocessors and associated circuitry) to perform other functions. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure allow for the implementation of a miniaturized semiconductor system, in which output loading occurring due to the multiplexer is reduced or minimized. 
     While the present disclosure has been particularly shown and described with reference to embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the following claims.