Patent Publication Number: US-2013237464-A1

Title: Cutting oil with vegetal oil

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority benefit from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/607,812, filed on Mar. 7, 2012, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Cutting fluid is often used in abundance to cool and lubricate machining and grinding processes of metal. The use of cutting fluid generally aids in economy of tools and it becomes easier to keep tight tolerances and to maintain workpiece surface properties without damages. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     According to some embodiments of the present invention, a cutting oil includes Pinhao Manso vegetal oil in an amount of at least about 30 wt % of the cutting oil; or about 40 wt % to about 70 wt % of the cutting oil. 
     In some embodiments, a cutting oil includes saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids in an amount of about 10 wt % to about 30 wt % of the cutting oil. In some embodiments, a cutting oil includes synthetic esters in an amount of about 5 wt % to about 20 wt % of the cutting oil. 
     According to some embodiments of the present invention, a method of metal processing includes applying a cutting oil to a metal, wherein the cutting oil includes Pinhao Manso vegetal oil in an amount of at least about 30 wt % of the cutting oil. In some embodiments, the metal is gray cast iron or aluminum. In some embodiments, the cutting oil is applied to a metal for milling, tapping, and/or drilling operations. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to compositions and methods for use in the machining and grinding processes of metal alloys. In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a cutting oil composition including one or more vegetal oils, such as Pinhao Manso vegetal oil. 
     Cutting Oil 
     In some embodiments, a cutting oil contains vegetal oil. In some embodiments, a cutting oil contains Pinhao Manso vegetal oil. Pinhao Manso vegetal oil may be produced by an extraction process of Pinhao Manso seeds. Pinhao Manso may be known by its scientific name of Jatropha curcas L., and is a member of botanical family Euphorbiaceae. Pinhao Manso may also be known as physic nut, purging nut, Barbado nut, Pinho-paraguaio, pinho-de-purga, pinho-de-cerca, purgante-de-cavalo, manduigau, mandubigua, figo-doinferno, purgueira, mandythygnaco, pinho cro, Pion, Pioncito, Piol, Higos del duende, Barbasco, Piones purgativos, Periyanasi (piro); Pin josh (amahuaca); Wapawapaoshe (ese eja); Josho pionis y Huiso pionis (shipiboconibo), or Pea branco (portugus). 
     In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains one or more of the following acids or saturated or unsaturated oils: miristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic. In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains miristic acid in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 0.25 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.07 wt % to about 0.23 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.09 wt % to about 0.21 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.1 wt % to about 0.2 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.05 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.06 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.07 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.08 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.09 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.1 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.11 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.12 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.13 wt % the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.14 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.15 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.156 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.16 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.17 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.18 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.19 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.2 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.21 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.22 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.23 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.24 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; or about 0.25 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil. 
     In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains palmitic acid in an amout of about 13.16 wt % to about 13.36 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.18 wt % to about 13.34 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.2 wt % to about 13.32 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.22 wt % to about 13.3 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.24 to about 13.28 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.16 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.18 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.2 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.22 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.24 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.26 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.265 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.28 wt % the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.3 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.32 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.34 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; or about 13.36 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil. 
     In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains palmitoleic acid in an amount of about 0.67 wt % to about 0.87 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.69 wt % to about 0.85 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.71 wt % to about 0.83 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.73 wt % to about 0.81 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.75 to about 0.79 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.67 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.69 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.71 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.73 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.75 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.77 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.774 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.79 wt % the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.81 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.83 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.85 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; or about 0.87 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil. 
     In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains stearic acid in an amount of about 6.5 wt % to about 6.7 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.52 wt % to about 6.68 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.54 wt % to about 6.66 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.56 wt % to about 6.64 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.58 to about 6.62 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.5 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.52 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.54 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.56 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.58 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.6 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.62 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.64 wt % the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.66 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.68 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; or about 6.7 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil. 
     In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains oleic acid in an amount of about 39.3 wt % to about 41.3 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 39.5 wt % to about 41.1 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 39.7 wt % to about 40.9 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 39.9 wt % to about 40.7 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 40.1 to about 40.5 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 39.3 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 39.5 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 39.7 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 39.9 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 40.1 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 40.3 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 40.354 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 40.5 wt % the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 40.7 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 40.9 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 41.1 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; or about 41.3 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil. 
     In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains linoleic acid in an amount of about 37.7 wt % to about 39.7 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 37.9 wt % to about 39.5 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 38.1 wt % to about 39.3 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 38.3 wt % to about 39.1 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 38.5 to about 38.9 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 37.7 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 37.9 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 38.1 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 38.3 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 38.5 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 38.695 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 38.7 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 38.9 wt % the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 39.1 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 39.3 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 39.5 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; or about 39.7 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil. 
     In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains linolenic acid in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 0.25 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.07 wt % to about 0.23 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.09 wt % to about 0.21 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.1 wt % to about 0.2 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.05 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.06 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.07 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.08 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.09 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.1 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.11 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.12 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.13 wt % the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.14 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.15 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.156 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.16 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.17 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.18 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.19 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.2 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.21 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.22 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.23 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.24 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; or about 0.25 wt % of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil. 
     In one embodiment, Pinhao Manso oil exhibits the following gas chromatography results: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Peak No. 
                 Reten. Time 
                 rea [mV · s] 
                 Amount [%] 
                 Component Name 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 1.887 
                 7.2230 
                 0.156 
                 Miristic 
               
               
                 2 
                 2.367 
                 614.3937 
                 13.265 
                 Palmitic 
               
               
                 3 
                 2.453 
                 35.8613 
                 0.774 
                 Palmitoleic 
               
               
                 4 
                 3.020 
                 305.6855 
                 6.600 
                 Stearic 
               
               
                 5 
                 3.140 
                 1869.0711 
                 40.354 
                 Oleic 
               
               
                 6 
                 3.333 
                 1792.2645 
                 38.695 
                 Linoleic 
               
               
                 7 
                 3.587 
                 7.2315 
                 0.156 
                 Linolenic 
               
               
                   
                 Total 
                 4631.7306 
                 100.000 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil exhibits a yellow to amber color with a clear to slightly hazy appearance. In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil has a density (20/4° C.) of about 0.905 to about 0.935, or about 0.918; a flash point of about 290° C. or greater, or about 304° C.; a saponification value of about 180 mgKOH/g to about 210 mgKOH/g, or about 192.7 mgKOH/g; and/or a Karl Fischer water content of about 0.15% to about 0.3%, or about 0.22%. 
     In some embodiments, a cutting oil contains Pinhao Manso oil in an amount of about 20 wt % of the cutting oil; about 25 wt % of the cutting oil; about 30 wt %; of the cutting oil; about 35 wt % of the cutting oil; about 40 wt % of the cutting oil; about 45 wt % of the cutting oil; about 50 wt % of the cutting oil; about 55 wt % of the cutting oil; about 60 wt % of the cutting oil; about 65 wt % of the cutting oil; about 70 wt % of the cutting oil; about 75 wt % of the cutting oil; about 80 wt % of the cutting oil; about 85 wt % of the cutting oil; about 90 wt % of the cutting oil; about 95 wt % of the cutting oil; about 100 wt % of the cutting oil; about 20 wt % or greater of the cutting oil; about 25 wt % or greater of the cutting oil; about 30 wt % or greater of the cutting oil; about 35 wt % or greater of the cutting oil; about 40 wt % or greater of the cutting oil; about 45 wt % or greater of the cutting oil; about 50 wt % or greater of the cutting oil; about 55 wt % or greater of the cutting oil; about 60 wt % or greater of the cutting oil; about 65 wt % or greater of the cutting oil; about 70 wt % or greater of the cutting oil; about 75 wt % or greater of the cutting oil; about 80 wt % or greater of the cutting oil; about 85 wt % or greater of the cutting oil; about 90 wt % or greater of the cutting oil; or about 95 wt % or greater of the cutting oil. 
     Cutting oils of the present invention may also contain other vegetal oils as well as conventional cutting oil components. In some embodiments, cutting oils may include synthetic esters, saturated or unsaturated fatty acids (C 12 -C 22 ), carboxylic acid, water, sulfonates, alcohols, glycol ethers, polyglycols, amines, biocides, corrosion inhibitor, EP additives, and/or defoamers. 
     In some embodiments, suitable synthetic esters may include but are not limited to TMP oleate ester and NPG-oleate ester. In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain synthetic ester in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 30 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % to about 25 wt % of the cutting oil; about 3 wt % to about 20 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 3 wt % of the cutting oil; about 4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; about 10 wt % of the cutting oil; about 11 wt % of the cutting oil; about 12 wt % of the cutting oil; about 13 wt % of the cutting oil; about 14 wt % of the cutting oil; about 15 wt % of the cutting oil; about 16 wt % of the cutting oil; about 17 wt % of the cutting oil; about 18 wt % of the cutting oil; about 19 wt % of the cutting oil; about 20 wt % of the cutting oil; about 21 wt % of the cutting oil; about 22 wt % of the cutting oil; about 23 wt % of the cutting oil; about 24 wt % of the cutting oil; about 25 wt % of the cutting oil; or about 30 wt % of the cutting oil. 
     In some embodiments, suitable saturated or unsaturated fatty acids may include but are not limited to (Z)-docos-13-enoic acid; (9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid; octanoic acid; and/or (9Z,12R)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid. In some embodiments, a cutting oil includes saturated or unsaturated fatty acids (C 12 -C 22 ) in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 40 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % to about 38 wt % of the cutting oil; about 4 wt % to about 36 wt % of the cutting oil; about 6 wt % to about 34 wt % of the cutting oil; about 8 wt % to about 32 wt % of the cutting oil; about 10 wt % to about 30 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 10 wt % of the cutting oil; about 12 wt % of the cutting oil; about 14 wt % of the cutting oil; about 16 wt % of the cutting oil; about 18 wt % of the cutting oil; about 20 wt % of the cutting oil; about 22 wt % of the cutting oil; about 24 wt % of the cutting oil; about 26 wt % of the cutting oil; about 28 wt % of the cutting oil; about 30 wt % of the cutting oil; about 32 wt % of the cutting oil; about 34 wt % of the cutting oil; about 36 wt % of the cutting oil; about 38 wt % of the cutting oil; or about 40 wt % of the cutting oil. 
     In some embodiments, suitable carboxylic acids may include but are not limited to 1,12-dodecanedioic Acid; decamethylenedicarboxylic acid; and/or undecanedioic acid. In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain carboxylic acids in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % to about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % to about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % to about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt % to about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % to about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 3 wt % of the cutting oil; about 4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; or about 10 wt % of the cutting oil. 
     In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain water in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % to about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % to about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % to about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; ; about 0.8 wt % to about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % to about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2.5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 3 wt % of the cutting oil; about 4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; or about 10 wt % of the cutting oil. 
     In some embodiments, suitable sulfonates may include but are not limited to neutral sodium sulphonate. In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain sulfonates in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 30 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % to about 25 wt % of the cutting oil; about 3 wt % to about 20 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 3 wt % of the cutting oil; about 4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; about 10 wt % of the cutting oil; about 11 wt % of the cutting oil; about 12 wt % of the cutting oil; about 13 wt % of the cutting oil; about 14 wt % of the cutting oil; about 15 wt % of the cutting oil; about 16 wt % of the cutting oil; about 17 wt % of the cutting oil; about 18 wt % of the cutting oil; about 19 wt % of the cutting oil; about 20 wt % of the cutting oil; about 21 wt % of the cutting oil; about 22 wt % of the cutting oil; about 23 wt % of the cutting oil; about 24 wt % of the cutting oil; about 25 wt % of the cutting oil; or about 30 wt % of the cutting oil. 
     In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain alcohol in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % to about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % to about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % to about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt % to about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % to about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 3 wt % of the cutting oil; about 4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; or about 10 wt % of the cutting oil. 
     In some embodiments, suitable glycol ethers may include but are not limited to propylene glycol phenyl ether; ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; ethylene glycol monobutyl ether; and/or ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether. In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain glycol ethers in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % to about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % to about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % to about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; ; about 0.8 wt % to about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % to about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 3 wt % of the cutting oil; about 4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; or about 10 wt % of the cutting oil. 
     In some embodiments, suitable polyglycols may include but are not limited to 2-methyloxirane; and/or polyethylene-polypropylene glycol. In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain polyglycol in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % to about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % to about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % to about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; ; about 0.8 wt % to about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % to about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 3 wt % of the cutting oil; about 4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; or about 10 wt % of the cutting oil. 
     In some embodiments, suitable amines may include but are not limited to n-cyclohexylcyclohexanamine; triethanolamine; and/or methyl diethanolamine. In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain amines in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 30 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % to about 25 wt % of the cutting oil; about 3 wt % to about 20 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 3 wt % of the cutting oil; about 4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; about 10 wt % of the cutting oil; about 11 wt % of the cutting oil; about 12 wt % of the cutting oil; about 13 wt % of the cutting oil; about 14 wt % of the cutting oil; about 15 wt % of the cutting oil; about 16 wt % of the cutting oil; about 17 wt % of the cutting oil; about 18 wt % of the cutting oil; about 19 wt % of the cutting oil; about 20 wt % of the cutting oil; about 21 wt % of the cutting oil; about 22 wt % of the cutting oil; about 23 wt % of the cutting oil; about 24 wt % of the cutting oil; about 25 wt % of the cutting oil; or about 30 wt % of the cutting oil. 
     In some embodiments, suitable biocides may include but are not limited to methylene-bis-morpholine; and/or 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one. In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain biocide in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % to about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % to about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % to about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; ; about 0.8 wt % to about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % to about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 3 wt % of the cutting oil; about 4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; or about 10 wt % of the cutting oil. 
     In some embodiments, suitable corrosion inhibitors may include but are not limited to 1H-benzotriazol; and/or 1,2,3-benzotriazol. In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain corrosion inhibitors in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % to about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % to about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % to about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt % to about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % to about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.3 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.7 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.9 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 3 wt % of the cutting oil; about 4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; or about 10 wt % of the cutting oil. 
     In some embodiments, suitable EP additives may include but are not limited to polysulfides, di-tert-dodecyl polysulfide, di-tert-nonyl polysulfide, di-tert-dodecyl disulfide, and/or di-tert-butyl polysulfide. In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain EP additives in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % to about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % to about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % to about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; ; about 0.8 wt % to about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % to about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 3 wt % of the cutting oil; about 4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 7 wt % of the cutting oil; about 8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 9 wt % of the cutting oil; or about 10 wt % of the cutting oil. 
     In some embodiments, suitable defoamers may include but are not limited to polydimethylsiloxanes, polypropylene glycol copolymers, polyethylene glycol, fatty acid soaps, and/or siloxanes. In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain defoamer in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.02 wt % to about 0.9 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.04 wt % to about 0.8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.06 wt % to about 0.7 wt % of the cutting oil; ; about 0.08 wt % to about 0.6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt % to about 0.5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.01 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.02 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.04 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.06 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.08 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.3 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.5 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.7 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt % of the cutting oil; about 0.9 wt % of the cutting oil; or about 1 wt % of the cutting oil. 
     In some embodiments, a cutting oil is formulated as follows: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Component 
                 Wt % 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Pinhao Manso Oil 
                 40-70 
               
               
                   
                 Synthetic Esters 
                  5-20 
               
               
                   
                 Saturated/Unsaturated 
                 10-30 
               
               
                   
                 fatty acids (C 12 -C 22 ) 
               
               
                   
                 Sulfonates 
                  5-20 
               
               
                   
                 Alcohols 
                 1-5 
               
               
                   
                 Polyglycols 
                 1-5 
               
               
                   
                 Amines 
                 10-30 
               
               
                   
                 Biocides 
                 1-5 
               
               
                   
                 Defoamers 
                 0.1-0.5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Application 
     Cutting oils of embodiments of the present invention may be used in conventional methods for cuttings oils, lubricants, and coolants in metal machining and grinding processes. In some embodiments, cutting oils of the present invention are applied in machining and grinding processes of metals. In some embodiments, cutting oils of the present invention are applied in machining and grinding processes of metal alloys. In some embodiments, cutting oils of the present invention are applied in machining and grinding processes of aluminum metal alloys. In some embodiments, cutting oils of the present invention are applied for milling, drilling, and/or tapping. 
     In some embodiments, cutting oils of the present invention exhibit enhanced lubricity. In some embodiments, cutting oils of the present invention containing Pinhao Manso vegetal oil exhibit enhanced lubricity as compared to cutting oils containing other vegetal oils but not Pinhao Manso vegetal oil. In some embodiments, cutting oils of the present invention may provide a decrease in tool consumption during the machining and grinding process of metals, metal alloys and aluminum metal alloys. For example, in one embodiment, use of a cutting oil of the present invention results in at least 20% less tool consumption in the metal machining and grinding process than other vegetal based oils and premium oils. In one embodiment, use of a cutting oil of the present invention including Pinhao Manso vegetal oil results in at least 20% less tool consumption in the metal machining and grinding process for aeronautic aluminum and cast iron than other vegetal based oils and premium oils. 
     In some embodiments, cutting oils of the present invention may be advantageous over conventional cutting oils because cutting oils of the present invention may be environmentally friendly; they are easier to discharge as compared to cutting oils containing large amounts of mineral oils, and may be produced from a renewable raw material such as Pinhao Manso seeds. In some embodiments, cutting oils of the present invention containing Pinhao Manso vegetal oil may be less expensive than other types of vegetal oils useful in cutting oil manufacturing. 
     In some embodiments, a cutting oil of the present invention which includes Pinhao Manso oil removes more volume than conventional cutting oils in milling operations. In some embodiments, a Pinhao Manso cutting oil removes about 20 wt % more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 25 wt % more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 30 wt % more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 35 wt % more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 40 wt % more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 45 wt % more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 50 wt % more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 55 wt % more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 60 wt % more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 65 wt % more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 70 wt % more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 75 wt % more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 80 wt % more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 85 wt % more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 90 wt % more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 95 wt % more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 100 wt % more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; or more than about 100 wt % more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling. 
     EXAMPLES 
     The following examples, wherein all parts, percentages, and ratios are by weight, and all temperatures are in ° F. unless indicated to the contrary, illustrate some embodiments of the present invention: 
     Example 1 
     A cutting oil was prepared according to the following formulation: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Component 
                 Wt % 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Pinhão Manso Oil 
                 43.8 
               
               
                   
                 Synthetic Esters 
                 9.0 
               
               
                   
                 Water 
                 2.5 
               
               
                   
                 Saturated/Unsaturated 
                 21.0 
               
               
                   
                 fatty acids (C 12 -C 22 ) 
               
               
                   
                 Carboxylic acid 
                 1.0 
               
               
                   
                 Sulfonates 
                 3.5 
               
               
                   
                 Glycol Ethers 
                 2.0 
               
               
                   
                 Polyglycols 
                 2.0 
               
               
                   
                 Corrosion Inhibitor 
                 0.5 
               
               
                   
                 EP Additives 
                 3.0 
               
               
                   
                 Amines 
                 7.5 
               
               
                   
                 Biocides 
                 4.0 
               
               
                   
                 Defoamers 
                 0.2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 2 
     A Pinhao Manso cutting oil according to the formulation of Example 1 was applied during milling of aluminum, with a spindle velocity of 16000 rpm, a vc of 603 m/min and an fz of 0.05 mm/tooth. Several other cutting oils were applied under the same conditions as a comparison. The cutting oils produced the following results: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Product 
                 Removed Volume (cm 3 ) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Pinhao Manso Product 
                 60 
               
               
                   
                 2nd Place Product 
                 40 
               
               
                   
                 Average of Other Products 
                 28 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The results show that the Pinhao Manso cutting oil removed 50% more volume than the next best cutting oil, and more than 100% more than the average of the other tested cutting oil products. 
     Example 3 
     A Pinhao Manso cutting oil according to the formulation of Example 1 was applied during tapping of aluminum, with a spindle velocity of 12000 rpm and the following conditions: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Alloy 
                 Aluminum 7075 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 vc [m/min] 
                 320 
               
               
                   
                 fz [mm/tooth] 
                 0.08 
               
               
                   
                 Passing hole [mm] 
                 20 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The process resulted in a total number of threads of 1250. 
     Example 4 
     A Pinhao Manso cutting oil according to the formulation of Example 1 was applied during drilling of gray cast iron. The drilling operation was run at a spindle velocity of 12000 rpm and the following conditions: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Conditions 
                 vc [m/min] 
                 fz [mm/tooth] 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 95 
                 0.3 
               
               
                 2 
                 95 
                 0.2 
               
               
                 3 
                 120 
                 0.3 
               
               
                 4 
                 120 
                 0.2 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Several other cutting oils were applied under the same conditions as a comparison. The cutting oils produced the following results: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Number of Holes 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Condition 
                 Condition 
                 Condition 
                 Condition 
               
               
                 Products 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Pinhao Manso Product 
                 432 
                 324 
                 180 
                 180 
               
               
                 2nd Place Product 
                 396 
                 324 
                 180 
                 144 
               
               
                 3rd Place Product 
                 360 
                 288 
                 144 
                 108 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The results show that the Pinhao Manso cutting oil resulted in higher number of holes for Conditions 1 and 4 than the 2nd place cutting oil, and a higher number of holes for all four conditions than the 3rd place product. 
     Example 5 
     A Pinhao Manso cutting oil according to the formulation of Example 1 was applied during tapping of gray cast iron, with a spindle velocity of 12000 rpm and the following conditions: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Alloy 
                 Aluminum 7075 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 vc [m/min] 
                 124 
               
               
                   
                 fz [mm/tooth] 
                 0.027 
               
               
                   
                 Passing hole [mm] 
                 45 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The process resulted in a total number of threads of 300. 
     It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes could be made to the exemplary embodiments shown and described above without departing from the broad inventive concept thereof. It is understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments shown and described, but it is intended to cover modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the claims. For example, specific features of the exemplary embodiments may or may not be part of the claimed invention and features of the disclosed embodiments may be combined. 
     It is to be understood that at least some of the figures and descriptions of the invention have been simplified to focus on elements that are relevant for a clear understanding of the invention, while eliminating, for purposes of clarity, other elements that those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate may also comprise a portion of the invention.