Patent Publication Number: US-2023164796-A1

Title: Smart repeater systems

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This Utility Patent Application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/585,418 filed on Jan. 26, 2022, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,497,050 issued on Nov. 8, 2022, which is based on previously filed U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/141,914 filed on Jan. 26, 2021, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/174,511 filed on Apr. 13, 2021. The benefits of the filing dates of these applications are hereby claimed under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) and § 120 and the contents of these applications are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The invention relates generally to employing directional antennas placed on structures, such as poles, or buildings, that provide a wireless network for communicating RF signals between user devices and remotely located resources. Further, in some embodiments, the directional antennas may be installed at the premises of a customer and coupled to base stations and RF signal repeater devices to manage operation of a millimeter wave communications network. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Mobile devices have become the primary mode of wireless communication for most people throughout the world. In the first few generations of wireless communication networks, mobile devices were generally used for voice communication, text messages, and somewhat limited internet access. Newer generations of wireless communication networks have increased bandwidth and lowered latency enough to provide substantially more services to mobile device users, such as purchasing products, paying invoices, streaming movies, playing video games, online learning, dating, and more. Also, for each new generation of wireless communication network, the frequency and strength of the wireless signals are generally increased to provide even more bandwidth with less latency. 
     Unfortunately, the higher a frequency of a wireless signal, the greater the attenuation of wireless signals passing through physical barriers and over shorter distances than lower frequency wireless signals. Moreover, since the recent rollout of 5 th  generation (5G) wireless communication networks that can use wireless signals with millimeter waveforms at gigahertz frequencies, smart RF signal repeater devices for 5G wireless networks are needed to distribute important processes that optimize access for mobile devices due to these physical barriers. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    depicts a wireless communication system. 
         FIGS.  2 A and  2 B  depict synchronization signal block sweep that includes a repeater. 
         FIGS.  3 - 6    depict process flows. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which show, by way of illustration, specific embodiments by which the invention may be practiced. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Among other things, the present invention may be embodied as methods or devices. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense. 
     Throughout the specification and claims, the following terms take the meanings explicitly associated herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The phrase “in one embodiment” as used herein does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, though it may. Similarly, the phrase “in another embodiment” as used herein does not necessarily refer to a different embodiment, though it may. As used herein, the term “or” is an inclusive “or” operator, and is equivalent to the term “and/or,” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The term “based on” is not exclusive and allows for being based on additional factors not described, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In addition, throughout the specification, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references. The meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on.” 
     The following briefly describes the embodiments of the invention to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. This brief description is not intended as an extensive overview. It is not intended to identify key or critical elements, or to delineate or otherwise narrow the scope. Its purpose is merely to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later. 
     Briefly stated, various embodiments of the invention are directed to a method, apparatus, or system that provides a suite of devices and software applications executing on computing devices, e.g., a distributed cloud computing platform, a desktop computer, a notebook computer, and/or a mobile device. One or more of the various embodiments enables smart RF signal repeater devices to perform many of the functions of 5G base stations, e.g., a next generation NodeB (gNB), to extend millimeter wave (mmWave) coverage for 5G communication networks while reducing costs, increasing versatility, and optimizing coverage for UEs. In one or more of the various embodiments, the devices may include outdoor network repeaters, e.g., the Pivot 5G™, and indoor subscriber repeaters, e.g., the Echo SGTM, and other mmWave network transmitter devices in a mmWave network. In one or more embodiments, the novel invention may be employed with different types of 5G wireless communication networks, e.g., Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN), Next Gen Radio Access Network (NG-RAN), or the like. Various embodiments enable smart RF signal repeater devices to perform many of the functions of 5G base stations to extend millimeter wave coverage for 5G communication networks, such as an Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) network, while reducing costs, increasing versatility and optimizing coverage. 
     Illustrative Wireless Communication Systems 
     With reference now to  FIG.  1   , embodiments are illustrated with a block diagram of a wireless communication system. A wireless communication system, such as a 5G communication network operating under Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) or Next Gen Radio Access (NG-RAN) standards, can include, for example, a Central Unit or CU  100 . The CU  100  interfaces via interface  101  with one or more Distributed Units or DUs  111 , which are typically located on site at a wireless base station such as a gNobeB base station  110 . The CU can be co-located with the DU or it can be remote, e.g., with a cloud deployment of the CU. 
     The DU  111  can include a scheduler  112  which determines schedule information for communication with various user equipment (UE) devices within a service area of the gNodeB. The schedule information can include, for example, information about time intervals in which selected beams are to be directed towards selected regions within the service area of the gNodeB, information about orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for communication with the UE devices within the service area of the gNodeB, and/or information about time intervals for uplink or downlink communication with the UE devices within the service area of the gNodeB. 
     The gNodeB  110  can include a radio unit or RU  113  which interfaces with the DU  111  via interface  115 . The RU can convert downlink digital signals received from the DU into downlink radio signals (e.g., downlink mmWave signals) to be transmitted to UE devices within the service area of the gNodeB. The RU can also receive uplink radio signals (e.g., uplink mmWave signals) from UE devices within the service area of the gNodeB, convert these into uplink digital signals, and communicate the uplink digital signals to the DU. 
     While  FIG.  1    depicts the gNB has having a DU  111  that is distinct from the RU  113 , in some scenarios, the functions of the DU and RU can be merged as a single unit, e.g., without a well-defined interface  115  separating these functional units. For these approaches, the descriptions herein of various functions of the DU and/or the RU can be understood to describe functions of the combined unit operating as unitary gNodeB  110 . 
     In some approaches the RU includes one or more adjustable uplink and/or downlink RF antennas  114  that are adjustable to cast a set of spatially diverse beams covering a service area of the gNodeB (depicted schematically as beams  121 - 124 ). Accordingly, the scheduler can share schedule information with the RU, e.g., information about time intervals in which selected beams are to be directed towards selected regions within the service area of the gNodeB. Thus, for example, beams  122 ,  123 , and  124  may address user equipment  122 E,  123 E, and  124 E, respectively. 
     In some scenarios the set of diverse beams  121 - 124  from the RU may not cover the entirety of a desired service area. For example, especially at mmWave frequencies, signals may attenuate more rapidly with spatial distance from the gNodeB, or signals may be blocked by line-of-sight obstructions such as foliage, landscape, or man-made structures such as walls or buildings. Accordingly, embodiments can include one or more repeaters  130  to expand the service area of the gNodeB. 
     Repeater  130  can include a donor antenna unit  131  including one or more antennas configured to communicate with the RU, e.g., by receiving downlink radio signals from the RU and by transmitting uplink radio signals to the RU. In some approaches, the donor antenna unit includes one or more static directional antennas that are oriented to point a beam towards the RU. In other approaches, the donor antenna unit includes one or more adjustable antennas that can be dynamically adjusted to point a beam towards the RU. For example, the donor antenna unit can include one or more phased array antennas. Alternatively or additionally, the donor antenna unit can include one or more holographic beamforming antennas. Repeaters that include holographic beamforming antennas are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 10,425,905, which is herein incorporated by reference. 
     Repeater  130  can also include a service antenna unit  132  with one or more antennas configured to rebroadcast the signals received or transmitted by the donor antenna unit  131 . For example, if the donor antenna unit  131  receives downlink radio signals from the RU via beam  121 , the service antenna unit  132  can rebroadcast the downlink radio signals by casting a set of diverse beams  141 - 143  covering an extended service area of the gNodeB (that is, extended by virtue of the repeater installation). For example, beams  141 ,  142 , and  143  may address user equipment  141 E,  142 E, and  143 E that are out of range or out of line of sight of the RU  113 . Similarly, if the service antenna unit  132  receives uplink radio signals from the user equipment  141 E,  142 E, and  143 E via the beams  141 ,  142 , and  143 , respectively, the donor antenna unit  131  can rebroadcast the uplink radio signals to the RU via beam  121 . 
     The service antenna unit can include one or more adjustable antennas that can be dynamically adjusted to cast a set of spatially diverse beams covering an extended service area of the gNodeB (depicted schematically as beams  141 - 143 ). For example, the service antenna unit can include one or more phased array antennas. Alternatively or additionally, the service antenna unit can include one or more holographic beamforming antennas. Repeaters that include holographic beamforming antennas are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 10,425,905, which is herein incorporated by reference. 
     Repeater  130  can include a controller unit  133  that receives schedule information via interface  134  from the scheduler  112  and uses this schedule information to dynamically adjust the antennas of the service antenna unit. For example, if the schedule information includes information about time intervals in which selected beams (e.g., beams  141 - 143 ) are to be directed towards selected regions within the extended service area of the gNodeB, the controller unit  133  can dynamically adjust the antennas of the service antenna to cast these beams according to the prescribed time intervals. 
     In some approaches, the interface  134  can be provided by a wired connection between the DU  111  and the repeater  130 , such as an ethernet cable, a coaxial cable, or an optical fiber connection. 
     In other approaches, the interface  134  can be provided by a wireless connection between the DU  111  and the repeater  130 . As a first example, the interface  134  can be provided by an out-of-band wireless connection between the DU and the repeater, i.e., a wireless connection in a frequency band distinct from any frequency band(s) used by the RU  113 . The out-of-band frequency band can be, for example, a private or unlicensed frequency band. As a second example, the interface  134  can be provided by a wireless connection using a 5G ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) protocol. In some scenarios (not depicted), the interface  134  for schedule information can be provided as a component of the radio signals that are transmitted by the RU  113  to the repeater  130  via the beam  121 . 
     In some scenarios, user equipment devices, such as UEs  141 E,  142 E, and  143 E within an extended service area of the gNodeB  110  as extended by virtue of the repeater  130 , can make uplink grant requests which need to be forwarded by the repeater to the DU  111 . Uplink grant requests for UEs  141 E,  142 E, and  143 E can be communicated with repeater  130  via interfaces  141 U,  142 U, and  143 U, respectively. In some approaches, the interfaces  141 U- 143 U can be provided by an out-of-band wireless connection between the UEs  141 - 143 E and the repeater  130 . The out-of-band frequency band can be, for example, a private or unlicensed frequency band. In other approaches, the interfaces  141 U- 143 U can be provided by a wireless connection using a 5G ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) protocol. 
     In yet other approaches, the interfaces  141 U- 143 U can be provided via 5G sidelink communications between the repeater  130  and each UE  141 E- 143 E. Generally speaking, 5G New Radio standards can include protocols for direct sidelink communications between user equipment devices without relaying those communications through a gNodeB. In this sidelink approach for the interfaces  141 U- 143 U, the repeater  130  can be equipped with a module for direct sidelink communication (e.g. a 5G cellular modem or the like), and this module can thus enable direct side link communication between the repeater  130  and the user equipment  141 E- 143 E to receive uplink grant requests. 
     In  FIG.  1   , the RU  113  is depicted as transmitting downlink radio signals (and receiving uplink radio signals) wirelessly via beam  121  between the RU  113  and the repeater  130 . In other approaches, however, the RU may transmit the downlink radio signals and receive the uplink radio signals via a wired connection between the RU and the repeater. The wired connection could include, for example, a coaxial cable or an optical fiber configured for RF-over-fiber transmission. In these approaches, the donor antenna unit  131  may be replaced with a wired connection port. In yet other approaches, the repeater may not be coupled to an RU at all; for example, the repeater may have a wired connection with the DU  111 . In these other approaches, the repeater can convert downlink digital signals received from the DU over the wired connection into downlink radio signals to be transmitted to UE devices within the extended service area of the repeater, and/or the repeater can receive uplink radio signals from UE devices within the extended service area of the repeater, convert these into uplink digital signals, and communicate the uplink digital signals to the DU. Essentially, in these other approaches, the repeater can function as a new radio unit for the wireless communication system. 
     Synchronization Signal Blocks 
     Wireless communication systems such as 5G communication systems may use synchronization signal block sweeps to synchronize communications between a wireless base station (e.g., a gNodeB base station) and user equipment located within a service area of the wireless base station. An illustrative example is depicted in  FIGS.  2 A and  2 B . Generally speaking, a synchronization sequence  200  can include a sequence of synchronization signal blocks (e.g., SS Block  1 , SS Block  2 , . . . , SS Block  25 ), and these synchronization signal blocks can correspond to a sequence of beams patterns within a service area of the base station. In some approaches, the sequence of beam patterns can be a raster sequence of narrow beam patterns that collectively fill a service area of the wireless base station. For example, SS Blocks  1 - 5  of  FIG.  2 A  can correspond to beam patterns  211 - 215  by a beamforming antenna at the base station  210  as shown in  FIG.  2 B . 
     In some approaches, the sequence of beam patterns can be a sequence of vertical fan beam patterns each having a narrow horizontal beam width and a wide vertical beam width, e.g., to cover a horizontal service area such as flat terrain around the wireless base station. In other approaches, the sequence of beam patterns can be a sequence of horizontal fan beam patterns each having a wide horizontal beam width and a narrow vertical beam width, e.g., to cover a vertical service area such as stories of a high-rise building. In yet other approaches, the sequence of beam patterns can be a pseudorandom or compressive imaging sequence of beam patterns that collectively fill the service area. 
     As discussed above in the context of  FIG.  1   , in some scenarios, a repeater can be installed to extend a service area of the base station. For example, especially at mmWave frequencies, signals may attenuate more rapidly with spatial distance from the base station (such as a gNodeB), or signals may be blocked by line-of-sight obstructions such as foliage, landscape, or man-made structures such as walls or buildings. The limitation on the service area of the base station is schematically illustrated by the obstruction  220  in  FIG.  2 B , with repeater  230  installed to extend the service area of the base station to evade the obstruction. 
     To synchronize communications between the base station  210  and user equipment within the extended service area of the wireless base station, the repeater  230  can repeat synchronization signals that are received from the base station  210 . For example, the wireless base station can dedicate multiple beams (e.g., corresponding to SS Blocks  21 - 25  in  FIG.  2 A ) for repeating by the repeater  230 , and synchronization signals for these SS Blocks  21 - 25  can be transmitted by the base station  210  to the repeater  230  via a single beam  216  that addresses the repeater. Then, the repeater can retransmit the synchronization signals for SS Blocks  21 - 25  using a sequence of beam patterns  231 - 235  that collectively fill the extended service area of the wireless base station, e.g., the area that is outside of the line of sight of the base station. 
     As with the sequence of beam patterns for the base station, the sequence of repeated beam patterns can be sequence of vertical fan beam patterns, a sequence of horizontal fan beam patterns, a pseudorandom or compressive imaging sequence of beam patterns, or any other sequence that collectively fills the extended service area that is serviced by the repeater. 
     In some approaches, the repeater can receive the synchronization signals from the base station and retransmit the signals into the extended service area without decoding the signals. In other approaches, the repeater can receive the synchronization signals, decode or demodulate the signals, and then encode or remodulate the synchronization signals for rebroadcast into the extended service area. 
     In various approaches, the repeater can receive schedule information from the base station about the schedule of synchronization signals. Analogous to the discussion above in the context of  FIG.  1   , this schedule information can be received via a wired interface (e.g., an ethernet cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, or the like) or via a wireless interface (e.g., an out-of-band signal in a private or unlicensed frequency band, a URLLC communication, or the like). 
     Process Flows 
     With reference now to  FIG.  3   , an illustrative embodiment is depicted as a process flow diagram. Process  300  includes operation  310 —receiving, from a wireless base station system, a time schedule for communication between a wireless base station and a plurality of user equipment devices. For example, repeater  130  in  FIG.  1    can receive schedule information via interface  134  with schedule  112  of DU  111 . 
     Process  300  further includes operation  320 —determining a corresponding plurality of locations for the plurality of user equipment devices. For example, repeater  130  in  FIG.  1    can determine locations of UEs  141 E,  142 E, and  143 E. In some approaches, the locations can be determined by adjusting one or more beamforming antennas of the repeater  130  to illuminate a field of view of the wireless repeater with a succession of beams that collectively span the field of view, and then receiving, from each of the user equipment devices within the field of view, a response indicating which beam in the succession of beams corresponds to the location of that user equipment device. 
     Process  300  further includes operation  330 —adjusting one or more beamforming antennas to point a corresponding plurality of beams at the plurality of locations according to the time schedule. For example, in  FIG.  1   , controller unit  133  can control the service antenna unit  132  to cast a succession of beams  141 ,  142 ,  143  according to the time schedule. 
     Process  300  further includes operation  340 —receiving, from the wireless base station system, downlink electromagnetic signals encoding data to be delivered to the plurality of user equipment devices; and operation  350 —transmitting the downlink electromagnetic signals to the plurality of user equipment devices according to the time schedule. For example, repeater  130  in  FIG.  1    can receive downlink electromagnetic signals with the donor antenna unit  131  via beam  121  from RU  113  and retransmit the received downlink electromagnetic signals with the service antenna unit  132  via beams  141 ,  142 , and  143  to user equipment  141 E,  142 E, and  143 E, respectively. 
     Process  300  further includes operation  360 —receiving, from the plurality of user equipment devices and according to the time schedule, uplink electromagnetic signals to be delivered to the wireless base station system; and operation  370 —transmitting the uplink electromagnetic signals to the wireless base station system. For example, repeater  130  in  FIG.  1    can receive uplink electromagnetic signals from user equipment  141 E,  142 E, and  143 E with the service antenna unit  132  via beams  141 ,  142 , and  143 , respectively, and retransmit these uplink signals with the donor antenna unit  131  to the RU  113  via beam  121 . 
     Process  300  further includes operation  380 —receiving, from the plurality of user equipment devices, a corresponding plurality of uplink grant requests; and operation  390 —transmitting the plurality of uplink grant requests to the wireless base station system. For example, repeater  131  in  FIG.  1    can receive uplink grant requests from user equipment  141 E,  142 E and  143 E via interfaces  141 U,  142 U, and  143 U, respectively. 
     With reference now to  FIG.  4   , another illustrative embodiment is depicted as a process flow diagram. Process  400  includes operation  410 —instructing a wireless repeater to adjust one or more beamforming antennas to point a plurality of beams at a corresponding plurality of user equipment devices according to a time schedule for communication between the wireless base station and the plurality of user equipment devices via the wireless repeater. For example, base station  110  in  FIG.  1    can communicate schedule information to repeater  130  via interface  134 . 
     Process  400  further includes operation  420 —receiving, from the wireless repeater, a plurality of detected locations for the plurality of user equipment devices; and operation  430 —transmitting, to the wireless repeater, a beam schedule corresponding to the time schedule, where entries in the beam schedule correspond to the detected locations of the user equipment devices. For example, if the repeater  130  of  FIG.  1    detects the locations of user equipment  141 E,  142 E, and  143 E (e.g., via operation  320  above), the repeater can communicate information about those detected locations to the base station  110  via interface  134 , and the base station can subsequently communicate a beam schedule to the repeater for casting beams  141 ,  142 , and  143  to the detected user equipment  141 E,  142 E, and  143 E, respectively. 
     Process  400  further includes operation  440 —transmitting, to the wireless repeater or to a radio unit in communication with the wireless repeater, downlink electromagnetic signals encoding downlink data to be delivered to the plurality of user equipment devices according to the time schedule. For example, base station  110  in  FIG.  1    can transmit downlink electromagnetic signals to repeater  130  via beam  121 . 
     Process  400  further includes operation  450 —receiving, from the wireless repeater or from a radio unit in communication with the wireless repeater, uplink electromagnetic signals encoding uplink data from the plurality of user equipment devices according to the time schedule. For example, base station  110  in  FIG.  1    can receive downlink electromagnetic signals from repeater  130  via beam  121 . 
     With reference now to  FIG.  5   , another illustrative embodiment is depicted as a process flow diagram. Process  500  includes operation  510 —receiving, from a wireless base station, a first sequence of synchronization signals. For example, in  FIGS.  2 A- 2 B , repeater  230  can receive synchronization signals from base station  210  via beam  216 , where the synchronization signals correspond to SS Blocks  21 - 25 . 
     Process  500  further includes operation  520 —repeatedly adjusting a beamforming antenna to transmit a second sequence of synchronization signals with a corresponding sequence of beam patterns within a service area of the wireless repeater. For example, in  FIGS.  2 A- 2 B , repeater  230  can transmit synchronization signals for SS Blocks  21 - 25  using a sequence of beam patterns  231 - 235 . 
     With reference now to  FIG.  6   , another illustrative embodiment is depicted as a process flow diagram. Process  600  includes operation  610 —during a synchronization signal block sweep, transmitting a plurality of synchronization signal blocks to a wireless repeater for retransmission within a service area of the wireless repeater. For example, in  FIGS.  2 A- 2 B , base station  210  can transmit synchronization signals for SS Blocks  21 - 25  to repeater  230  via beam  216 . 
     Additionally, in one or more embodiments, a wireless repeater may include one or more beamforming antennas, one or more processors coupled to one or more memories having instructions stored thereon to cause the wireless repeater to carry out any of the methods disclosed throughout the specification herein. Further, in one or more embodiments, a computer-readable medium may store instructions to cause the wireless repeater to carry out any of the methods disclosed throughout the specification herein. 
     Also, in one or more embodiments, a method of operating a wireless base station system may be configured to provide for instructing a wireless repeater to adjust one or more beamforming antennas to point a plurality of beams at a corresponding plurality of user equipment devices according to a time schedule for communication between the wireless base station and the plurality of user equipment devices via the wireless repeater. Further, in one or more embodiments, the one or more beamforming antennas may include one or more holographic beamforming antennas. Additionally, in one or more embodiments, the instructing includes transmitting the time schedule to the wireless repeater. Also, in one or more embodiments, the method of operating the wireless base station may include: receiving, from the wireless repeater, a plurality of detected locations for the plurality of user equipment devices; and transmitting, to the wireless repeater, a beam schedule corresponding to the time schedule, where entries in the beam schedule correspond to the detected locations of the user equipment devices. Additionally, in yet one or more other embodiments, the method of operating the wireless base station may include transmitting, to the wireless repeater, downlink electromagnetic signals encoding data to be delivered to the plurality of user equipment devices according to the time schedule. Also, in yet one or more other embodiments, the method of operating the wireless base station may include: transmitting, to a radio unit in communication with the wireless repeater, downlink electromagnetic signals encoding data to be delivered to the plurality of user equipment devices according to the time schedule. Further, in yet one or more other embodiments, the method of operating the wireless repeater may include receiving, from the wireless repeater, uplink electromagnetic signals encoding uplink data from the plurality of user equipment devices according to the time schedule. Moreover, in yet one or more other embodiments, the method of operating the wireless repeater system may include receiving, from a radio unit in communication with the wireless repeater, uplink electromagnetic signals encoding uplink data from the plurality of user equipment devices according to the time schedule. 
     Furthermore, in one or more embodiments, a method of operating a wireless repeater may include: receiving, from a wireless base station, a first sequence of synchronization signals; and repeatedly adjusting a beamforming antenna to transmit a second sequence of synchronization signals with a corresponding sequence of beam patterns within a service area of the wireless repeater. Also, in one or more embodiments, the second sequence is equal to the first sequence. Additionally, in one or more embodiments, the method of operating the wireless repeater may include: demodulating the first sequence of synchronization signals; and remodulating the demodulated first sequence of synchronization signals to provide the second sequence of synchronization signals. Moreover, in one or more embodiments, the method of operating the wireless repeater may include receiving, from the wireless base station via an out-of-band channel, a schedule for the first sequence of synchronization signals. Further, in one or more embodiments, the wireless base station is a Next Generation NodeB (gNB) for 5G wireless communications. Also, in one or more embodiments, the beamforming antenna is a holographic beamforming antenna. Additionally, in one or more embodiments, the sequence of beam patterns is a raster sequence of narrow beam patterns that collectively fill the service area. Further, in one or more embodiments, the sequence of beam patterns is a pseudorandom or compressive imaging sequence of beam patterns that collectively fill the service area. Moreover, in one or more embodiments, the narrow beam patterns are vertical fan beam patterns having a narrow horizontal beam width and a wide vertical beam width. Also, in one or more embodiments, the narrow beam patterns are horizontal fan beam patterns having a wide horizontal beam width and a narrow vertical beam width. Additionally, in one or more embodiments, the service area of the wireless repeater includes an area outside of a service area of the wireless base station. Further, in one or more embodiments, the service area of the wireless base station is a service area limited by line of sight, foliage loss, distance, or fade. Moreover, in one or more embodiments, the sequence of beam patterns collectively fills the area outside of the service area of the wireless base station. 
     Furthermore, in one or more embodiments, a method of operating a wireless base station may include, during a synchronization signal block sweep, transmitting a plurality of synchronization signal blocks to a wireless repeater for retransmission within a service area of the wireless repeater. Also, in one or more embodiments, the method of operating the wireless base station may include: the synchronization signal block sweep includes a sweep through a plurality of beam patterns; identifying a beam pattern from the plurality of beam patterns that addresses the wireless repeater; and transmitting of the plurality of synchronization signal blocks to the wireless repeater for retransmission is a transmitting with the identified beam pattern. Additionally, in one or more embodiments, the service area of the wireless repeater includes an area outside of a service area of the wireless base station. Further, in one or more embodiments, the service area of the wireless base station is a service area limited by line of sight, foliage loss, distance, or fade. Moreover, in one or more embodiments, the wireless base station is a Next Generation NodeB (gNB) base station for 5G wireless communications. 
     In one or more embodiments (not shown in the figures), a computing device may include one or more embedded logic hardware devices instead of one or more CPUs, such as, an Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Programmable Array Logics (PALs), or the like, or combination thereof. The embedded logic hardware devices may directly execute embedded logic to perform actions. Also, in one or more embodiments (not shown in the figures), the computer device may include one or more hardware microcontrollers instead of a CPU. In one or more embodiments, the one or more microcontrollers may directly execute their own embedded logic to perform actions and access their own internal memory and their own external Input and Output Interfaces (e.g., hardware pins and/or wireless transceivers) to perform actions, such as System On a Chip (SOC), or the like. Additionally, in one or more embodiments, the computational resources may be distributed over a cloud computing platform and the like.