Patent Publication Number: US-7899886-B2

Title: Apparatus and methods for information transfer using a cached server

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation application that claims priority to U.S. Pat. No. 7,457,851 issued 25 Nov. 2008, which corresponds to U.S. application Ser. No. 10/498,403 filed Jun. 10, 2004 which claims benefit, under 35 U.S.C. §365, of International Application PCT/US02/39474, filed Dec. 10, 2002, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/340,551, filed Dec. 13, 2001. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The present invention relates to information transfer in communication networks. More specifically, the present invention relates to information transfer in communication networks. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Communication networks have a range of bandwidths. A low bandwidth network generally provides slower transfer of the same amount of digital information as compared to a high bandwidth network. The comparatively slow transfer rate of low bandwidth networks may create difficulties when transferring large amounts of digital information. Multimedia digital information, e.g. audio, video, etc., generally requires high bandwidth networks for its transmission, as multimedia digital information files are generally large. Transferring those large multimedia files over low bandwidth networks may be impractical because of time, efficiency and/or cost constraints. 
     Low bandwidth networks, however, are often more convenient than high bandwidth networks. Thus, the user may use a low bandwidth network because of convenience, but be unable or unwilling to access multimedia files over that same low bandwidth network, thus leading to difficulties for the multimedia digital information provider. On the one hand, the potential audience for the multimedia provider&#39;s content may be greater in the low bandwidth network space, yet on the other hand, the provider may simply be unable to reach that audience with the content because of the difficulties in transmitting multimedia content over a low bandwidth network. 
     Accordingly, there exists a need for apparatus and methods that provide both the benefits of low bandwidth access and the capacity of high bandwidth access to multimedia digital information services. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present invention comprises apparatus and methods for information transfer using a cache server. A user transmits a request for a file via a host, over a first access network, from a file requesting device. The host then transfers the file to a cache server at a first scheduled time. The file is then transferred by the cache server to a user&#39;s file receiving device, at a second scheduled time, over a second access network. 
     Additional advantages and novel features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description and figures which follow, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art on examination of the following, or may be learned by practice of the invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 1  shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention. File requesting device  10  has a low bandwidth access network a, such as a CDMA wireless access network, to host  20 . The file requesting device  10 , in this embodiment, has a personal digital assistant (PDA) form factor having wireless network capabilities and an operating system (OS) (which may be an OS as is known in the art, e.g. Palm OS, Windows CE, Pocket PC, Linux, etc.). 
     With file requesting device  10 , the user may request content, code, data, information and/or files (referred to generally herein as a “file”) on the host  20 . The host, in this embodiment is a content server which may be implemented in Unix® and Unix®-like platforms, including but not limited to Linux® and its variants, as well as other operating system platforms including but not limited to Microsoft Windows® XP, NT, Windows® 2000, Windows® 95, 98 and Me, IBM OS/390, MacOS, VxWorks® and others. 
     In the various preferred embodiments, the user requests a file through a mobile low bandwidth network, and then downloads the file through a high bandwidth network. Thus, the host can establish a schedule to efficiently distribute files to a cache server, according to, for example, network usage parameters. In other preferred embodiments, files may be registered to a file or content server (which may or may not be the same system as the host, which accepts requests from a user) and then transferred to a cache server based upon requests to the host. 
     Returning now to the embodiment of  FIG. 1 , host  20  connects to cache server  30 , across connection b, which in the embodiment of  FIG. 1  is a private network, and transmits the file  35  directly to the cache server  30 . Other embodiments may utilize other connections between host and cache server, e.g. network connections such as a LAN, WAN, the Internet, etc. It should be noted that embodiments may be implemented through distributed services as well. For example, a host may be a web server only, with a listing of files, accessible to the user, that is actually stored on one or more other servers. Those one or more servers in turn, would be responsible for transferring the file, through a content redirection component, to a cache network, etc. Thus, one or more systems and/or servers may be used in various embodiments. 
     The time of host-to-cache server transfer may depend upon a number of conditions in various embodiments. So, for example, in the embodiment of  FIG. 1 , host and cache server status, status of connection b, etc. may be taken into account when scheduling a host-to-cache server transfer. In the preferred embodiments, the transfer is according to a desired schedule, which may be static in various embodiments, e.g. upon the user&#39;s request, etc., or dynamic, such as when host status, cache server status, network status, user status, cost of transfer over a network, etc. are considered as well. For example, if the host-to-cache server connection is through a local network, and the network has a relatively small load, then the transfer may occur as soon as the user has requested the file. If the network is loaded near capacity, then file transfer may be delayed until more favorable conditions are present. The host may also delay transfer for a lower priority user. The type of file may also determine, in whole or part, file transfer from the cache. An especially newsworthy file may, for example, be transferred more quickly than an entertainment file. 
     The size of the cache within a cache server may determine performance, of course, and so cache size is chosen through consideration of various parameters. For example, multimedia files require a relatively large server. For audio files only, a relatively smaller cache may be used. Of course, in various preferred embodiments, more than one cache and/or cache server may be desired, and files are stored on the various caches or cache servers according to various parameters, such as time of delivery, type of file, etc. Additionally, a cache server may set its caches dynamically, expanding and contracting as files are received and transmitted. Files may reside therein for a set duration, whether or not transferred. 
     The cache server may be any of a number of type of systems. For example, the cache server may be implemented in Unix® and Unix®-like platforms, including but not limited to Linux® and its variants, as well as other operating system platforms including but not limited to Microsoft Windows® XP, NT, Windows® 2000, Windows® 95, 98 and Me, IBM OS/390, MacOS, VxWorks® and others. 
     Returning now to the embodiment of  FIG. 1 , cache server  30  subsequently downloads the file  35  to file receiving device  40 , that is, the file consumer, who may or may not be the same user as the file requester, through high speed network c. In the especially preferred embodiments, this is a high capacity “hotspot” type network connection. A hotspot connection permits subsequent downloading of the requested content, to the file consumer once he or she has a presence in the hotspot network, in a manner that will be described in further detail below. Usually download will be on an optimized basis, i.e., taking into account various conditions for optimum delivery time, including file receiving device status and cache server status, status of the network, etc. Transfer of the file from the cache server to the user is according to a desired schedule, which may be static in various embodiments, such as when only the user provided expected delivery time is considered, or dynamic, such as when host status, cache server status, network status, user status, cost of transfer over a network, etc. are considered as well. For example, if the file receiving device is at a hotspot on a wireless network, the download time may be constrained to the user&#39;s duration at the hotspot. 
     Various types of transmission as known in the art may be used to transfer the file from cache server to user. For example, unicasting, broadcasting or multicasting may be used from cache server to user, with the selection of the latter two depending upon requests by more than one user for content. Multiple delivery schemes, such as broadcasting and/or multicasting, will usually result in improved speed for content delivery. 
     Any preferred type of devices may receive the requested file, (e.g. PDA, cell phone, notebook computer, desktop computer, personal video recorder, etc., herein referred to as a “file receiving device”) so long as the file receiving device has a high speed network capability. It should also be noted that, in certain embodiments, the user may use a device as both a file requesting device and a file receiving device. The user who receives the file (who does not have to be the same individual as the user requesting the file, of course) is, in the preferred embodiments identified through techniques as known in the art, such as authentication techniques and the like. 
     In some embodiments, the user&#39;s location on the high capacity network may be predicted, and thus content available for download according to the prediction. 
     Users may be assigned access and/or download rights depending upon their status with the file provider. Those with a preferred status may have different download rights, a different possible schedule of download rights, etc. than other users. Users may also be provided with a content redirection device, in the manners disclosed in co-pending U.S. application No. 60/340,551, entitled APPARATUS, METHODS AND ARTICLES OF MANUFACTURE FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS, filed 13 Dec. 2003, and thus be responsible for direction of the file to the cache server. 
     In one embodiment, the user requests a file via a file requesting device from the server. The server schedules the delivery to the cache server, and, at the appropriate time, sends the file to the cache server. The cache server then schedules delivery to the file receiving device, and, at the appropriate time, sends the file, where it is received by the file receiving device. 
     Thus, in the various preferred embodiments of the present invention, downloading performance is optimized by separating the file requesting process from the file receiving process. In so separating the two processes, potential bottlenecks such as the low bandwidth network status and client accessibility are minimized. 
     The above description and the views and material depicted by the figures are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to be, and should not be construed as, limitations on the invention. Moreover, certain modifications or alternatives may suggest themselves to those skilled in the art upon reading of this specification, all of which are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the attached claims.