Patent Publication Number: US-2022237335-A1

Title: Equipment state analysis device, equipment state analysis method, and program

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to a facility state analysis apparatus, a facility state analysis method, and a program for analyzing a state of a facility present outside by a finite element method. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     For poles such as utility poles and signal posts serving as an outdoor facility, an acceptable design load has been conventionally set for each pole. A designer estimates a maximum value of a load on a cable and another accessory planned to be laid, and selects a pole having a design load commensurate with the estimated load. Particularly, a branch line is laid on both ends and the like of a laid pole group, and a load applied to the pole group is balanced. Whether laying can be achieved is estimated in such a load design by applying, to conventional design data, a load to be newly added when a pole is newly set up and also when a cable and the like are added. 
     CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
     PTL 1: JP 2018-195240 A 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
     In the related art, when a facility such as a pole and a cable is newly laid, a design is performed in the concept of used design tension based on a maximum value of a load that may occur on the facility. As an example, a pole with a design load that is calculated from a load on a cable to be used, a wind speed load in view of a maximum wind speed when a laying place is a residential area, a mountainous region, and the like, and the like, and that can withstand the maximum load is used. 
     However, in a facility group of poles, cables, and the like laid by the technique, how much tension is generated with no wind and the like, which is so-called effective tension, is not determined. Further, since a temperature of a sea water surface is high in Japanese waters due to warming in recent years, there is an increase in cases where a wind speed exceeding a maximum wind speed that is assumed in the past is generated due to a typhoon and the like coming ashore while maintaining force. A great deal of cost is required to recalculate all laid facilities and reconstruct poles to poles uniformly having a high design load in order to deal with the cases above. 
     In addition, as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , even in a case where a branch line needs to be installed on both ends of a pole group in view of used design tension, an unbalanced load is generated on a pole due to tension and the like in the facility group when the pole cannot be installed due to a private land or an obstacle at the time of actual construction, for example. When such a situation is left as is for a long period of time, the pole needs to be renewed in a period shorter than a design life, and thus an extra cost is required. In order to prevent this case, a pole having a great design load and capable of withstanding an unbalanced load of a facility system alone, which is referred to as a self-supporting strut without a need of a branch line, has been used. However, there is a problem in that a cost is higher and a cost for laying is also higher than a normal pole. 
     Further, as in PTL 1, the related-art technique has a function of creating a  3 D model from three-dimensional point group data and measuring deflection and an inclination occurring in an actual pole, but there is no technique for calculating an unbalanced load, tension, and the like that are causes of the occurrence of the deflection and the inclination. In other words, there is a problem in that there is no technique for calculating how much load and wind speed a pole can withstand, which is so-called residual strength of a facility system, in consideration of an unbalanced load, a wind speed, and the like in the entire facility system, and it is difficult to reduce a cost in the entire facility system. 
     Thus, in order to solve the problems described above, an object of the present invention is to provide a facility state analysis apparatus, a facility state analysis method, and a program capable of extracting a pole having a high risk without an inspector visiting a site. 
     Means for Solving the Problem 
     In order to achieve the object described above, the facility state analysis apparatus according to the present invention creates a pole model from a material characteristic, dimensions, and a structure model of a pole, highly accurately estimates, by using a finite element method, a facility state such as deflection and an inclination when tension by a separately created cable model is applied to the pole model, and visualizes strength remaining in a facility system. 
     Specifically, the facility state analysis apparatus according to the present invention includes a model creation unit configured to discretize a portion of a pole that is not in a ground, the pole having a truncated cone shape whose part is in the ground to represent the pole by elements, and represent a portion in the ground of the pole by ground elements of a horizontal spring in a direction horizontal to the ground and a vertical spring vertical to the ground, and a calculation unit configured to provide, to the elements and the ground elements, a fluctuation due to a disturbance in force applied to the pole and tension applied from a cable laid on the pole, and analyze a state change of the pole by a finite element method. 
     Furthermore, the facility state analysis method according to the present invention includes discretizing a portion of a pole that is not in a ground, the pole having a truncated cone shape whose part is in the ground to represent the pole by elements, and representing a portion in the ground of the pole by ground elements of a horizontal spring in a direction horizontal to the ground and a vertical spring vertical to the ground, and providing, to the elements and the ground elements, a fluctuation due to a disturbance in force applied to the pole and tension applied from a cable laid on the pole, and analyzing a state change of the pole by a finite element method. 
     The facility state analysis apparatus and method model a pole and a cable, estimate effective tension applied to the pole, and estimate how the pole becomes deformed by the effective tension by the finite element method. For example, for a pole having a unique material characteristic (such as a stress-strain curve in concrete or metal), the facility state analysis apparatus and method calculate the deformation of the entire pole in a simulation using the finite element method when any load is applied to a specific place of the pole. Furthermore, the facility state analysis apparatus and method can estimate how much of a residual force is present, which is so-called residual strength, as compared to a load (design load) that a pole group can withstand, based on a load and the amount of deformation estimated in a plurality of poles and cables. 
     Thus, the facility state analysis apparatus and method can extract a pole group having a high risk (great unbalanced load and small residual strength) without an inspector with a high level of skill inspecting all of the poles. Therefore, the present invention can provide the facility state analysis apparatus and the facility state analysis method capable of extracting a pole having a high risk without an inspector visiting a site. 
     When the disturbance is wind, the calculation unit of the facility state analysis apparatus according to the present invention represents a space by three axes, calculates the tension from a wind direction and a wind speed for each component, and combines the tension of each component. 
     When a branch line or a support pole is laid on the pole, the model creation unit of the facility state analysis apparatus according to the present invention represents the branch line or the support pole by a spring element with a spring that connects the pole, an attachment point of the pole on which the branch line or the support pole is laid, and a fixed point in the ground, and the calculation unit analyzes a state change of the pole by the finite element method also including the spring element. 
     When an accessory is attached to the pole, the model creation unit of the facility state analysis apparatus according to the present invention discretizes the accessory to represent the accessory by an accessory element, and the calculation unit analyzes a state change of the pole by the finite element method also including the accessory element. 
     Further, a program according to the present invention is a program for causing a computer to execute discretizing a portion of a pole that is not in a ground, the pole having a truncated cone shape whose part is in the ground to, represent the pole by elements, and representing a portion in the ground of the pole by ground elements of a horizontal spring in a direction horizontal to the ground and a vertical spring vertical to the ground, and providing, to the elements and the ground elements, a fluctuation due to a disturbance in force applied to the pole and tension applied from a cable laid on the pole, and analyzing a state change of the pole by a finite element method. The facility state analysis apparatus according to the present invention can also be implemented by a computer and a program. The program can also be recorded in a recording medium, and can also be provided through a network. 
     Note that each of the inventions described above can be combined with each other to the extent possible. 
     Effects of the Invention 
     The present invention can provide a facility state analysis apparatus, a facility state analysis method, and a program capable of extracting a pole having a high risk without an inspector visiting a site. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating a situation where an unbalanced load is generated and a technique for improving the situation. 
         FIG. 2  is a diagram illustrating a facility state analysis apparatus according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a flowchart illustrating a facility state analysis method according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a diagram illustrating a facility system model to be analyzed. 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram illustrating a technique for calculating tension from a wind direction and a wind speed in the facility state analysis apparatus according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  is a diagram illustrating a material characteristic of a concrete pole. 
         FIG. 7  is a diagram illustrating an analysis model (element) of a pole. 
         FIG. 8  is a diagram illustrating ground elements. 
         FIG. 9  is a diagram illustrating elements of a branch line or a support pole. 
         FIG. 10  is a diagram illustrating a result of analyzing the facility system model by the facility state analysis apparatus according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 11  is a diagram illustrating the facility state analysis apparatus according to the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 2  is a diagram illustrating a facility state analysis apparatus  10  according to the present embodiment. The facility state analysis apparatus  10  includes a model creation unit  11  and a calculation unit  12 . Here, the model creation unit  11  discretizes a portion of a pole that is not in a ground, the pole having a truncated cone shape whose part is in the ground to represent the pole by elements, and represents a portion in the ground of the pole by ground elements of a horizontal spring in a direction horizontal to the ground and a vertical spring vertical to the ground. The calculation unit  12  provides, to the element and the ground elements, a fluctuation due to a disturbance in force applied to the pole and tension applied from a cable laid on the pole, and analyzes a state change of the pole by a finite element method. 
     A facility database  20  stores structure data of a manufacturer maker as pole data for each material of a pole and each standard value. Here, the material of a pole represents concrete, steel tube, or the like, and the standard value refers to a height, a thickness, a design load being a load that the pole can withstand, and the like. Since manufacturer makers uniquely have a bar arrangement, a steel thickness, and the like that conform to the standard value, structure data for each of the manufacturer makers is required for an analysis. 
     Further, the facility database  20  similarly stores material data of a cable and a branch line/support pole laid on a pole, standard value data, and connection data of which position of the pole the cable and the branch line/support pole are laid. Furthermore, the facility database  20  similarly stores material data, standard value data, and installation position data in an accessory such as a transformer of power. 
     The facility state analysis apparatus  10  creates various models, based on the data stored in the facility database  20 , and performs an analysis by the finite element method.  FIG. 3  is a flowchart illustrating the analysis method. The analysis method performs a pole model creation step SK 01  and a calculation step SK 02 . Here, the pole model creation step SK 01  discretizes a portion of a pole that is not in a ground, the pole having a truncated cone shape whose part is in the ground to represent the pole by elements, and represents a portion in the ground of the pole by ground elements of a horizontal spring in a direction horizontal to the ground and a vertical spring vertical to the ground. The calculation step SK 02  provides, to the element and the ground elements, a fluctuation due to a disturbance in force applied to the pole and tension applied from a cable laid on the pole, and analyzes a state change of the pole by the finite element method. 
     The analysis method will be described with a facility model in  FIG. 4 . The analysis method is a method of modeling a pole  41 , a cable  42  and a branch line and a support pole (not illustrated) laid on the pole  41 , and an accessory  44 , and estimating effective tension and calculating residual strength in a facility group. The pole  41 , the cable  42  and the branch line and the support pole (not illustrated) laid on the pole  41 , and the accessory  44  are collectively referred to as a “facility system”. 
     Step S 01   
     In this step, an analysis is set.
 
First, as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , coordinate information (x, y, z coordinates) of three axes is provided to a facility system to be analyzed. Next, a direction and a speed of wind caught by the pole  41  and the cable  42 , and a temperature are set. Here, the presence or absence of wind, and a direction and a speed of the wind generate stress on the pole  41  itself, and also affect tension provided on the pole by the cable  42 . A load generated on the cable  42  by the wind is represented as follows.
 
       [Math. 1] 
         P   c   =K·Σd·S   (1)
 
     Here, P c  is a load generated on the cable, K is a coefficient according to a wind load type, Σd is a sum of an outer diameter of the cable, and S is an average distance between poles. 
     A direction of wind blowing to the pole  41  and the cable  42  is converted into vectors in three-axis directions, and a load due to wind pressure is converted. As illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the facility system has x, y, z coordinates, but it needs to be considered that the wind blows from directions (α, β, γ coordinates) regardless of their coordinate planes. Thus, the calculation unit  12  divides the three planes of the x, y, and z planes, calculates tension (Tix, Tiy, Tiz) from a wind direction and a wind speed, and then combines the tension and analyzes a relationship among the wind direction, the wind speed, and tension Ti. For example, as illustrated in  FIGS. 5(A), 5(B) , and  5 (C), a relationship between a wind direction and tension when wind blows from a single direction in each of the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis is calculated in advance, the relationships are combined, and a relationship between the wind direction and the tension in a facility system illustrated in  FIG. 5(D)  is acquired. 
     A temperature is also considered in addition to the wind. As a temperature decreases, the cable  42  shrinks and thus tension increases. The tension is also calculated in consideration of an influence of the temperature. Here, a relationship between the temperature and the tension when the wind speed changes is as follows. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
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     Here, d 0  is a sag with no wind, d 1  is a sag with wind, S is a distance between poles, T 0  is tension with no wind, E is a Young&#39;s modulus of the cable, A is a cross-sectional area of the cable, a is a coefficient of thermal expansion of the cable, θ 0  is a temperature with no wind, θ 1  is a temperature with wind, and W 1  is a combined load of a cable weight of a unit length and a wind load. 
     Step S 02   
     In this step, the model creation unit  11  sets a material characteristic.
 
The model creation unit  11  acquires pole data from the facility database  20 . As a material of the pole, there are concrete and steel that each have a different material characteristic. As illustrated in  FIG. 6 , a concrete pole (CP) has a structure with a tension bracing provided with stress therein and a non-tension bracing provided with no stress, and thus a material characteristic of the tension bracing and the non-tension bracing is required in addition to a material characteristic such as compression/tensile strength of concrete and a Young&#39;s modulus. Further, since a stainless steel pole (SP) is constituted only by steel, a material characteristic such as yield/tensile strength peculiar to steel and a Young&#39;s modulus is required.
 
     Step S 03   
     In this step, the model creation unit  11  creates a pole model.
 
Since an actual pole has various shapes such as a cylindrical shape and a tapered shape, the actual pole is divided in a longitudinal direction as illustrated in  FIG. 7(A) , and diameters (D 1  and D 2 ) are set for each portion. Then, the divided portion is considered as a cylinder having a diameter D, and an analysis model of the pole is created. A finer analysis can be achieved with more divisions in a vertical direction. In order to further model the cross-section of the cylinder, a circumferential direction and a wall thickness are divided into mesh shapes (discretization). The divided region described above is referred to as an “element”. In an analysis described later, calculation by the finite element method is performed in consideration of a material characteristic, an external load, and the like for all the elements.
 
     Step S 04   
     In this step, the model creation unit  11  creates ground elements.
 
A pole  41   a  in the ground is divided in the longitudinal direction as illustrated in  FIG. 8(B) , and a diameter Di and a division interval Li are set for each portion. Then, as illustrated in  FIG. 8(A) , ground elements are acquired on the assumption that a horizontal spring (K xi , K zi ) in the horizontal direction with respect to a ground  43  and a vertical spring (K v ) are provided in each portion. In the analysis described later, the ground elements are analyzed in the following relational expression.
 
       [Math. 3] 
     
       
      
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       xi 
       =K 
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       =K·A 
       h  
      
     
     
       
      
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       v 
       =K·A 
       v  
      
     
         A   h   =D   i   ·L   i   (3)
 
     Here, K xi  and K zi  are a spring constant of the horizontal spring in the horizontal direction (x and z directions) with respect to the ground, K v  is a spring constant of the vertical spring in the vertical direction (y direction) with respect to the ground, K is a ground reaction coefficient, A h  is a horizontal projection area (hatched portion in  FIG. 8(B) ) of a pole member, and A v  is a cross-sectional area of a pole bottom surface. 
     Step S 05   
     In this step, the model creation unit  11  sets tension by the cable  42 .
 
The setting of the tension by the cable can be represented by the following equation.
 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
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     Here, T is cable tension, W is a cable weight per unit length, S is a distance between poles, and d is a cable sag.
 
In other words, tension T 0  with no wind, and tension T 1  with wind and when a temperature fluctuates is as in [Math. 5].
 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
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     By transforming them for d 0  and d 1  and substituting them into Math 4, a relational expression of the tension T 1  with wind and when a temperature fluctuates can be represented by the following equation. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
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     In step S 08  described later, the calculation unit  12  performs an analysis by using the relational expression. 
     Step S 06   
     In this step, the model creation unit  11  creates elements of a branch line or a support pole laid on the pole  41 . Note that, when a branch line or a support pole is not provided on the pole  41 , this step is not required.
 
It is assumed that the branch line or the support pole has a spring in the ground in the longitudinal direction as in  FIG. 9 , and a model of a spring element  46  is formed.  FIG. 9(A)  is a model of the branch line,  FIG. 9(B)  is a model of the support pole, and  FIG. 9(C)  is an enlarged view of the spring portion. The model is constituted by a fixed point  53  without variation of a load, a base  52  at which the spring element  46  occurs, and an attachment point  51  to the pole  41 .
 
     Step S 07   
     In this step, the model creation unit  11  sets a load and a laying position of the accessory  44  laid on the pole  41 . The accessory  44  is, for example, a transformer of power and the like. Note that, when an accessory is not attached to the pole  41 , this step is not required. 
     Note that step S 02  to step S 07  are the model creation step SK 01  described above. 
     Step S 08   
     In this step, the calculation unit  12  provides, to the element created in step S 03  and the ground elements created in step S 04 , the tension T 0  with no wind and the tension T 1  according to a change in wind and temperature that are set in step S 05 , and analyzes a state change of the pole  41  by the finite element method. Since a branch line or a support pole may be laid, and an accessory may be attached, depending on a pole, the spring element created in step S 06  and a load of the accessory  44  are also considered in this case. Step S 08  is the calculation step SK 02  described above. 
     Effects of the Invention 
     As described above, creation of a model of a pole, creation of elements, and various types of setting are performed, and a load and effective tension acting on a facility group can be estimated by using the finite element method.  FIG. 10  is a diagram in which a pole model with no wind and a pole model with any wind direction and wind speed are compared (temperature is the same). How the pole becomes deformed by a fluctuation in tension from a cable is determined from  FIG. 10 . 
     Further, in a pole, there are an acceptable load referred to as a design load and tension. In the facility state analysis method, a load and tension applied to each pole can be determined, and thus how much more a current state can withstand a load and tension, which is so-called residual strength, can be calculated. 
     In the facility state analysis method, a pole group having a high risk (great unbalanced load and small residual strength) can be extracted without an inspector with a high level of skill inspecting all of the poles. Thus, prioritization when an inspection is performed can be achieved, and, in addition, the amount of time for an operator to actually visit a facility can also be reduced. 
     Furthermore, by converting residual strength into a load and tension due to a wind speed, a wind speed having a risk of causing a collapse can be calculated. Furthermore, a design change such as a moderate adjustment to a sag of a cable group present between poles and a reduction in distance between poles with reference to an analysis result is also facilitated. Further, an optional analysis can also be performed such that a pole having an optimal design load moves up in ranking in consideration of residual strength in a facility system instead of using a self-supporting strut of a great cost or the like. 
     Thus, by using the facility state analysis method, an unbalanced load can be eliminated by moving up a pole having an optimal design load in ranking in consideration of residual strength in a facility system, and thus a usage period of a pole and the like can be greatly increased and a facility at a low cost can be used without sacrificing safety. In other words, by using the facility state analysis method, an overall cost can be greatly reduced. 
     EXAMPLE 
       FIG. 11  illustrates a block diagram of a system  100 . The system  100  includes a computer  105  connected to a network  135 . 
     The network  135  is a data communication network. The network  135  may be a private network or a public network, and can include any or all of (a) a personal area network covering a certain room, for example, (b) a local area network covering a certain building, for example, (c) a campus area network covering a certain campus, for example, (d) a metropolitan area network covering a certain city, for example, (e) a wide area network covering an area connected across a boundary of a city, a locality, or a nation, for example, and (f) the Internet. The communication is performed by an electronic signal and an optical signal via the network  135 . 
     The computer  105  includes a processor  110  and a memory  115  connected to the processor  110 . The computer  105  is represented as a stand-alone device in the present specification, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the computer  105  may be rather connected to another device (not illustrated) in a distributed processing system. 
     The processor  110  is an electronic device constituted by a logic circuit that responds to and executes a command. 
     The memory  115  is a storage medium readable by a tangible computer in which a computer program is encoded. In this regard, the memory  115  stores data and a command, i.e., a program code, readable and executable by the processor  110  in order to control an operation of the processor  110 . The memory  115  can be implemented by a random access memory (RAM), a hard drive, a read-only memory (ROM), or a combination thereof. One of the components of the memory  115  is a program module  120 . 
     The program module  120  includes a command for controlling the processor  110  so as to execute the processes described in the present specification. In the present specification, it is described that an operation is performed by the computer  105 , a method or a process, or a subordinate process, but the operation is actually performed by the processor  110 . 
     A term “module” is used in the present specification to refer to a functional operation that may be embodied as any integrated configuration formed of a stand-alone component or a plurality of subordinate components. Therefore, the program module  120  may be implemented as a single module or a plurality of modules that operate in cooperation with each other. Furthermore, in the present specification, it is described that the program module  120  is installed in the memory  115  and thus implemented by software, but the program module  120  may be implemented by any of hardware (e.g., electronic circuit), firmware, software, and a combination thereof. 
     It is illustrated that the program module  120  is already loaded into the memory  115 , but the program module  120  may be configured to be located on a storage device  140  so as to be loaded later into the memory  115 . The storage device  140  is a storage medium readable by a tangible computer storing the program module  120 . Examples of the storage device  140  include a compact disc, a magnetic tape, a read-only memory, an optical storage medium, a memory unit constituted by a hard drive or a plurality of hard drives, and a universal serial bus (USB) flash drive. Alternatively, the storage device  140  may be a random access memory, or an electronic storage device of another type located in a remote storage system (not illustrated) and connected to the computer  105  via the network  135 . 
     The system  100  further includes a data source  150 A and a data source  150 B collectively referred to as a data source  150  in the present specification and communicatively connected to the network  135 . In practice, the data source  150  can include any number of data sources, i.e., one or more data sources. The data source  150  can include non-systematized data and include social media. 
     The system  100  further includes a user device  130  operated by a user  101  and connected to the computer  105  via the network  135 . Examples of the user device  130  include an input device, such as a keyboard or a speech recognition subsystem for allowing the user  101  to transmit selection of information and a command to the processor  110 . The user device  130  further includes an output device, such as a display device, or a printer or a speech synthesizer. A cursor control unit, such as a mouse, a trackball, or a touch sensitive screen, allows the user  101  to operate a cursor on a display device in order to transmit further selection of information and a command to the processor  110 . 
     The processor  110  outputs a result  122  of execution of the program module  120  to the user device  130 . Alternatively, the processor  110  can provide output to a storage device  125 , such as a database or a memory, for example, or can provide output to a remote device (not illustrated) via the network  135 . 
     For example, a program that executes the flowchart in  FIG. 3  may be the program module  120 . Further, the facility database illustrated in  FIG. 2  can be the storage device  125  or  140 . The system  100  can operate as a the facility state analysis apparatus  10 . 
     A term “including . . . ” or “provided with . . . ” specifies the presence of a feature, an integer, a step, or a component described therein, but it should be understood that the presence of one or more other features, integers, steps, or components, or a group thereof is not excluded. Terms “a” and “an” are indefinite articles, and do not thus exclude the embodiments having a plurality thereof. 
     Additional Description 
     The present invention relates to a technique for estimating a state of a facility mainly located outside, such as a pole such as a utility pole and a signal post, and a cable and a branch line that are laid on the pole, such as a power line and a telephone line, by calculating tension and moment applied to a facility group from a material characteristic and the like of the facility. 
     The present invention is a technique and a program for analyzing a load and tension on a single pole or a pole group from a material, a standard value, and the like by using the finite element method, and analyzing a facility state thereof. 
     The present invention is a technique and a program for analyzing a load and tension on a facility group from a material, a standard value, and the like by using the finite element method, and analyzing residual strength of the facility group. The present invention is a technique and a program for calculating, from residual strength in the facility group created above, a wind speed that the facility group can withstand, and estimating a risk of a collapse and the like. 
     The present invention is a technique and a program for analyzing a load and tension on a facility group from a material, a standard value, and the like by using the finite element method, and analyzing a pole and a cable with a great unbalanced load in the facility group. 
     The present invention is a technique and a program for optimizing cable tension and estimating an arrangement of a branch line or a support pole in order to eliminate unbalance in the pole and the cable created above with a great unbalanced load. 
     REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
     
         
           10 : Facility state analysis apparatus 
           11 : Model creation unit 
           12 : Calculation unit 
           20 : Facility database 
           100 : System 
           101 : User 
           105 : Computer 
           110 : Processor 
           115 : Memory 
           120 : Program module 
           122 : Result 
           125 : Storage device 
           130 : User device 
           135 : Network 
           140 : Storage device 
           150 : Data source