Patent Publication Number: US-11639833-B2

Title: Electronic magazine loader

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/703,230, filed Dec. 4, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/193,873, filed Nov. 16, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,527,376, issued Jan. 7, 2020, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 29/634,339, filed Jan. 19, 2018, and also claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/620,381, filed Jan. 22, 2018, the disclosure of which are incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     In order to maintain their proficiency with firearms, military personnel, law enforcement officers and hunters frequently engage in target practice. Target practice is often performed at a shooting range with hundreds cartridges being fired at each practice session. In the sport of hunting, marksmanship is practiced so that a shot can be carefully placed to ensure a quick, clean and humane kill. For military personnel, good marksmanship may make the difference between victory and defeat in battlefield situations. 
     Many firearms, including pistols and rifles, are designed to utilize a removable magazine that holds ammunition cartridges. The use of a magazine allows a plurality of stacked cartridges to be easily loaded into the firearm by inserting a single magazine into the firearm. After each cartridge is fired, a manually or automatically operated mechanism moves the bolt of the firearm backward and then forward again. The upper-most cartridge is pulled off the stack of cartridges in the magazine each time the mechanism cycles so that cartridges are fed one-by-one into the firing chamber of the firearm. Each magazine typically has an elongate housing defining a chamber with a spring loaded follower slidably disposed therein. The force of the spring loaded follower urges each cartridge in the magazine toward the upper-most position in the where the bolt can push it into the firing chamber. When all of the cartridges have been fired, the empty magazine is removed from the firearm and a new magazine is inserted in its place. The empty magazine may then be refilled with cartridges. Loading such cartridges manually has been tedious and time consuming. Although devices have been provided to assist in such manual loading, improvements and automating the loading functions in an economical device would be well received. 
     SUMMARY 
     Known electronic magazine loaders typically have exposed operating equipment and leave room for improvement of efficient containment of the operating mechanisms within a compact housing, as well as improvement in such operating mechanisms, as well as improvements in operational ergonomics. The following U. S. patents and publication disclose electronic magazine loaders: U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,949,495; 9,612,070; 9,719,741; and 2016/0305727. These references are incorporated by reference for all purposes. 
     A motorized magazine loader for loading cartridges into a magazine includes a powered sorting and lifting wheel rotatable about a horizontal axis of rotation, a vertical gravity fed cartridge chute positioned laterally next to the sorting and lifting wheel, an accumulator portion at a lower end of the chute, and a loading portion comprising a receiver for magazines to be loaded and a pusher mechanism for inserting cartridges into the magazines, all supported and substantially contained by a housing. Optimal and ergonomic arrangement of the components and housing configuration provides a minimal footprint, a reduced volumetric size, easy user access to controls, easy access for loading of cartridges, easy insertion and removal of magazines, high stability, and easy transportability. Control circuitry includes jam mediation means. 
     In embodiments, the housing contains and supports the powered rotatable wheel, the wheel having an open interior and circumferentially spaced singularizing lifting shelves at its periphery. The housing having an access door for placement of unordered cartridges in a receiving region that includes the open interior to be loaded. The receiving region may be defined by wall portions of the housing and a hub plate of the wheel that support the lifting shelves. The wheel at its periphery having an open window facing radially outward at each shelf. The wheel rotatable within a cylindrical wall portion fixed with respect to the housing or chassis such that each shelf and the cylindrical wall portion radially exterior of the respective window defines a lifting pocket, the pockets elongate horizontally and parallel or generally parallel to the axis of rotation of the wheel. The pockets receive and lift the cartridges, in embodiments, serially (one by one), after an unordered batch of cartridges is placed inside the interior of the wheel. The individual cartridges being aligned in the pockets parallel to or generally parallel to the axis of rotation, but are not oriented with respect to which of two ways the forward and rearward ends are directed. The individual cartridges are lifted to an elevated horizontal wheel discharge slot in or supported by the housing. In embodiments, the discharge slot is defined by an opening in the cylindrical wall portion. The cartridges are transferred, one by one, through the wheel discharge slot and into a gravity fed passageway defined by the chute. 
     The chute generally having an opening thickness slightly greater than a maximum diameter of the cartridge. The chute having an upper portion with an opposing restrictive structures narrowing the thickness of the chute on each of two sides of the chute, but not in a middle portion of the upper portion. The restrictive structures sized to allow the forward end of the cartridge, due to the reduced diameter of the forward end, to fall downward but prevents the rearward end of the cartridge to pass through the restrictive structures due to increased diameter of the rearward portion. As the forward end falls the cartridge rotates such that the rearward end is upwardly from the forward end and the rearward end becomes more centered in the upper portion where there is no restrictive structure, allowing the cartridge to fall, forward end, that is the tip end, first. The shape of the chute then narrows and sweeps to a horizontal direction forcing each cartridge to rotate as they travel down the chute to a horizontal orientation where they then drop downwardly into a stack in an accumulator portion. The accumulator has a singular exit slot located below the stack. A series of single cartridges is fed, one by one, through the singular exit slot and into a cartridge receiving region of the pusher mechanism. 
     The pusher mechanism has a reciprocating pusher with a plunger portion and a magazine receiver positioned opposite each other with respect to the cartridge receiving region. The pusher mechanism comprises a motor a having a drive shaft and a cam member fixed to the drive shaft. The cam member is received in a cam follower cavity defined by the pusher of the pusher mechanism. The cam member is eccentrically shaped so that rotation of the drive shaft causes the pusher to oscillate in a first direction away from the magazine and a second direction toward the magazine as the cam member rotates in the cam follower cavity. As the pusher oscillates, the plunger portion of the pusher mechanism pushes the series of single cartridges, one by one, from the lowermost cartridge receiving region in a horizontal direction transverse to the stack, into a magazine secured in the magazine receiver. The magazine retains the cartridge as the plunger retracts and as the plunger retracts past the stack, the next cartridge in the stack falls to the lowermost cartridge receiving region. 
     A feature and advantage of embodiments is an external panel provides chute defining structure on an inward facing side of the panel. The chute defined by panel and an outwardly facing wall which may be part of the housing. The external panel readily removable such that a panel with a differently sized chute for a different cartridge size may be installed. The panel may be formed of transparent plastic material to allow viewing of the cartridge path. Such visibility provides instant information as to cartridge jams or overfilling of the accumulator portion and provides an interesting presentation of the operation of the device to observers. Such jams may occur, for example, when incorrectly sized cartridges are mixed with correctly sized cartridges. 
     A feature and advantage of embodiments is a four sided desk top or table top, magazine ammo loader that has a forward side, facing the user, that includes a user interface, a magazine receiver, and a transparent panel, all on the forward side, that allows visual monitoring of the cartridge pathway during the sorting/alignment process. For example if the cartridge receiving region is empty, it will be evident from the visible lack of cartridges falling down the transparent pathway that is a clear cartridge pathway. A feature and advantage is placement of the significant portion of the cartridge pathway at the forward panel where the pathway is visible from the user&#39;s operating position. A further feature and advantage is the accessibility of the removable front panel accessing a significant portion of the cartridge pathway, including all or most of the gravity fed pathway. 
     A feature and advantage of embodiments is an ergonomic advantageous configuration. An upwardly tapered housing provides stability of the loader in operation and transportation with a retractable handle positioned at the uppermost portion of the magazine loader. In embodiments the footprint and downwardly facing surface area of the base is several multiples greater that the horizontal top panel area. And the horizontal cross sectional area of the housing interior decreasing upwardly to top of the housing. The sorting and lifting wheel is nested in the interior upper portion of the tapering housing with a user interface positioned at a panel adjoining the uppermost panel and angled at an acute angle from horizontal, the housing and panel conforming to the wheel shape, minimizing unused interior volume, minimizing the amount of housing, thereby minimizing the size and weight of the magazine loader. The user interface at the upwardly directed panel provides direct viewing to the user with the panel arranged at substantially 90° to the typical viewing direction of an operator standing or seated when the loader is on a table or bench. 
     A feature and advantage of embodiments is an arrangement that monitors the current drawn by one or more motors of the loader, for example a drive motor for the sorting and lifting wheel or the motor for the pushing mechanism. If the current drawn by one of the motors is greater than a preselected threshold, such as would be caused by a jam, then the current flow to the motor is cut off or the motor is reversed for a few seconds, for example, three seconds. If the wheel is not able to then rotate normally, the wheel can be reversed again. After a predetermined number of reversals, the system errors out and the motor may be disconnected. The arrangement may prevent damage to the loader, for example, in the event of a misfeed condition. 
     A feature and advantage of embodiments is circuitry including a sensor for monitoring the rotation of the wheel, for example, by a rotary encoder. When an interruption in the rotation of the wheel is detected, suggesting a jammed condition of the cartridges, the motor driving the wheel can be temporarily reversed to alleviate the jammed condition, for example for three seconds. If the wheel is not able to then rotate normally, the wheel can be reversed again. After a predetermined number of reversals, the system errors out and the motor may be stopped from all rotation. Such jam mediation means may prevent damage to the loader, for example, in the event of a misfeed condition. A feature and advantage is a system is a jam mediation system that automatically attempts to eliminate jams. 
     A feature and advantage is that the arrangement of the components provides a compact light weight motorized desktop magazine loader suitable for transporting and use such as to the range. The device having a rectangular footprint having a front side with user interface controls and display, with the receiver with the insertion slot for magazines to be loaded, and with the removable chute components, all positioned on the front side. Additionally, the housing including a folding handle, the cartridge loading hopper being retractable, and the magazine receiver projecting outwardly a minimal amount. In embodiments, a cover for the receiving region for the unordered cartridges also operates as a lid for closing of the receiving region during operation of the electronic magazine loader. 
     In embodiments, a robust assembly of components provides for a compact light weight electronic magazine loader. The housing generally having a base and four side walls with an upward inwardly taper. The housing also providing the chassis for securing the electronic magazine loader componentry therein and may be formed of a housing base, a three-sided housing enclosure portion and a housing side wall portion. The housing components may all readily be injection molded of polymers. The three sided enclosure portion having a wall portion including a circular recess extending inwardly and defined by a cylindrical wall portion and wall plate portion traversing the cylindrical wall portion. The circular recess containing the sorting and lifting wheel with the cylindrical wall portion conforming to the wheel periphery. The wall plate portion traversing the cylindrical wall and providing drive train mounts for rotating the wheel. The wall plate portion may have unitary structure for retaining a pair of bearing sets axially displaced from one another that support the sorting and lifting wheel shaft, adjacent unitary mounting structure for the drive motor. A separate hopper and lid is attachable to the wall portion at the circular recess that can open and close for loading cartridges and operating the magazine loader. 
     A feature and advantage of embodiments is utilizing the polymer housing components for the chassis to support the motorized wheel, the loader portion, and the orienting chute thereby providing a robust and light weight electronic magazine loader. In embodiments the weight of the electronic magazine loader as disclosed may be less than 12 lbs. in weight. In embodiments the weight of the electronic magazine loader as disclosed may be less than 10 lbs. in weight. In embodiments the weight of the electronic magazine loader as disclosed may be less than 8 lbs. in weight. In embodiments the weight of the electronic magazine loader as disclosed may be less than 7 lbs. in weight. In embodiments, the electronic magazine loader may be less than 0.90 cu.ft. volumetrically. In embodiments, the electronic magazine loader may be less than 0.80 cu.ft. volumetrically. In embodiments, the electronic magazine loader may be less than 0.70 cu.ft. volumetrically. In embodiments, the electronic magazine loader may be less than 0.60 cu.ft. volumetrically. In embodiments, the electronic magazine loader may have a volume of about 0.50 cu.ft. In embodiments, the electronic magazine loader may have a footprint of less than 80 sq. in. In embodiments, the electronic magazine loader may have a bas footprint of less than 75 sq. in. In embodiments, the electronic magazine loader may have a base footprint of less than 100 sq. inches. In embodiments, the electronic magazine loader may have a base footprint of less than 70 sq. inches. In embodiments, the overall footprint including downward projections of any portions that project laterally outwardly beyond the base footprint, is less than 125 sq. in. In embodiments said overall footprint is less than 100 sq. in. In embodiments, said overall footprint is less than 100 sq. in. In embodiments, the electronic magazine loader may have a total height of 18 inches. In embodiments, the electronic magazine loader may have a total height of 17 inches. In embodiments, the electronic magazine loader may have an over height of 16 inches. In embodiments, the electronic magazine loader may have a total height of about 14 inches or less. In embodiments, the electronic magazine loader may have a total height of less than 17 inches, a total weight of less than 7 lbs., a total volume of less than 0.6 sq. ft., and a footprint of less than 80 inches. The above dimensions provide for an easily transportable, desk or bench operable electronic magazine loader. 
     Base area and the downward projection of any features extending outwardly from the housing that fall outside the base area. A feature and embodiment is an arrangement of components providing a reduced rectangular footprint of the loader with a width and a depth, the depth being greater than the width. The reduced footprint provided by the optimal stacking of components and operating portions. 
     A feature and advantage of embodiments is a motorized magazine loader with a housing that contains all powered mechanisms, precluding contact with the mechanisms by users or bystanders, the housing efficiently supporting the mechanisms and providing the chassis for supporting the mechanisms, and the housing providing an uppermost user interface. 
     A feature and advantage of embodiments is a motorized magazine loader that has modular components, such as the chute, that can be changed out for loading different sizes of cartridges. 
     A feature and advantage of embodiments is a receiving region for disordered cartridges and a hopper that may be closed for operation of the electronic magazine loader. In embodiments the sorting and lifting wheel is completely contained within the housing during operation, eliminating any potential hazards associated with the powered wheel. Sensors and operational lockouts may prevent operation when the top cover is open. 
     A feature and advantage of embodiments is a motorized magazine loader that is intuitive and easy to operate. A hopper opens up on a side of the device for receiving cartridges, a magazine receiver is positioned on the front wall of the device and has a latch for securing a magazine therein. And the control panel and display is elevated at the top of the loader, angled, and facing the operator. 
     The above summary is not intended to describe each illustrated embodiment or every implementation of the present disclosure. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The drawings included in the present application are incorporated into, and form part of, the specification. They illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, along with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. The drawings are only illustrative of certain embodiments and do not limit the disclosure. 
         FIG.  1    is a perspective view showing a prior art firearm, a plurality of cartridges and a plurality of magazines for holding cartridges and feeding the cartridges into the firearm. 
         FIG.  2 A  is a perspective view showing a magazine loader for loading cartridges into a magazine with an alternate hopper portion. 
         FIG.  2 B  is a perspective view showing a magazine loader with an alternate chute portion. 
         FIG.  2 C  is a schematic view of a magazine loader according to embodiments. 
         FIG.  2 D  is an exploded view of a magazine loader showing principle components without the housing. 
         FIG.  3 A  is perspective view showing an embodiment of the magazine loader with a side wall of the housing enclosure removed. 
         FIG.  3 B  is a perspective of a housing for a magazine loader depicting the wheel recess for receiving the wheel and hopper portion. 
         FIG.  4    is a perspective view showing components of a magazine loader on a base. 
         FIG.  5    is a different perspective view of the magazine loader assembly of  FIG.  4   . 
         FIG.  6    is a perspective view showing a magazine loader assembly including a wheel, a chute, and a cartridge loading portion with a cartridge being lifted by the wheel. 
         FIG.  7    is a perspective view showing a magazine loader housing including a cylindrical wall defining a wheel discharge slot and with a wheel in place. 
         FIG.  8    is a cross sectional perspective view of the upper portion of a chute. 
         FIG.  9    is a perspective view showing a chute with cartridges and without an exterior chute panel in place. 
         FIG.  10    is a perspective view showing a chute with cartridges and without an exterior panel in place. 
         FIG.  11    is a perspective view of a magazine loader for loading cartridges into a magazine. The magazine loader of  FIG.  11    includes a housing and a removable panel that may be detachably attached to the housing and that provides the gravity fed the chute portions. 
         FIG.  12 A  is a perspective view showing a removable panel that may be detachably attached to the housing of a magazine loader. 
         FIG.  12 B  is a perspective view showing a removable panel that may be detachably attached to the housing of a magazine loader with cartridges falling and becoming oriented. 
         FIG.  12 C  is a perspective view showing a removable panel that may be detachably attached to the housing of a magazine loader with cartridges falling and becoming oriented. 
         FIG.  13    is an exploded perspective view of a pusher mechanism including a pusher and two springs that apply spring forces to the pusher. 
         FIG.  14    is an exploded perspective view of the pusher mechanism of  FIG.  13    from a different position. 
         FIG.  15    is a diagram/schematic showing a magazine loader system. 
         FIG.  16    is a diagram showing a magazine loader system. 
         FIG.  17    is a stylized schematic of the control/operating circuitry. 
         FIG.  18    is a stylized schematic showing the circuit board. 
         FIG.  19    is a perspective view showing a door and a door position detector. 
         FIG.  20    is a perspective view depicting a door detector being operatively coupled to control circuitry. 
         FIG.  21    is a stylized schematic showing a pusher mechanism for a magazine loader and a cartridge detector, the cartridge detector being operatively coupled to control circuitry. 
         FIG.  22    is a plan view showing a pusher mechanism for a magazine loader, the pusher including a cartridge detector and a pusher detector for detecting whether a pusher of the pusher mechanism is in a home position. 
         FIG.  23    is a perspective view showing a magazine loader assembly including a first wheel rotation detector and a second wheel rotation detector, each wheel rotation detector being operatively coupled to control circuitry. 
     
    
    
     While embodiments of the disclosure are amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the disclosure to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the disclosure. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG.  1    illustrates a modern sporting rifle  20 , such as the rifle commonly known as an AR15, that fires cartridges  102  from loaded magazines  10 . The rifle cartridges and the magazines may be, for example, 5.56×45 mm NATO round or a 0.223 Remington round. AR15 magazines have a notch  10 . 1  for locking the magazine in the rifle. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  2 A- 3 A , a motorized magazine loader  100  for loading cartridges  102  into a magazine  104  is illustrated. The loader generally comprises a housing  105 , a hopper portion  105 . 1 , a motorized wheel as  106 , operating circuitry  107  including a user interface  107 . 2 , a chute  108 , and a magazine loading portion  109  that includes a motorized pusher mechanism  110  and a magazine receiver  111 . The loader has a cartridge receiving region  113  defined by an open interior  112  of the wheel. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  2 A- 3 B , the magazine loader  100  has a top  100 . 2 , a bottom  100 . 3  and includes a housing  105  including a housing base  138  and a housing enclosure  139  fixed thereto, the housing enclosure  139  including exterior wall portions  140 . The housing defining a housing interior  105 . 7 . 
     The upper housing enclosure may comprise a three sided housing enclosure portion  139 . 2  fixed to the base  138 , and a housing side wall portion  139 . 3  as best shown in  FIGS.  3 A and  3 B . Removal of the side wall portion  139 . 3  allowing access to the housing interior  105 . 7  and to internal componentry. The three sided unitary housing enclosure portion  139 . 2  includes a middle wall portion  139 . 4  that has a circular recess  139 . 5  defined by a cylindrical wall portion  148  and a wall plate portion  148 . 2  traversing the cylindrical wall portions  148 , best shown in  FIGS.  3 A and  3 B . As illustrated in  FIG.  3 B  the wheel  106  is received in the circular recess  139 . 5 . The housing components may be formed by injection molding. 
     As illustrated best in  FIGS.  2 A- 2 C and  3 A- 313   , the housing has a taper in the upward direction. That is, the cross-section area taken in a horizontal plane generally decreases in an upwardly direction. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  2 C- 7   , the wheel has circumferentially spaced singularizing pockets  114  for receiving and lifting cartridges serially in a continuous stream from an unordered batch  102 . 3  of cartridges loosely placed inside the open interior  112  of the wheel  106 . 
     The wheel  106  comprises a hub portion configured as a hub plate  142 , an outer ring  144  at a wheel periphery  145 , and a plurality of lifting shelves  146  extending between the hub plate  142  and the outer ring  144 . The shelves  146  of the wheel  106  and the cylindrical wall  148  of the housing  105  define the plurality of cartridge receiving pockets  114 . 
     In embodiments, the wheel  106  is configured to singularize the cartridges of the batch (without orienting the tip direction of the cartridges) while raising them serially to a wheel discharge slot  116  defined by an opening or window in the cylindrical wall  148 . In embodiments, the slot  116  leads into a passageway  118  of the chute portion  108 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  3 A- 6   , a wheel drive  150  including drive train  150 . 2  is configured to rotate the wheel  106  and the cartridges are thereby circulated in the wheel interior  112  as the wheel  106  rotates. In embodiments, the chassis and housing  105  rotatably supports the wheel  106  as well as the drive motor  162  for the wheel  106  or at unitary motor mount  162 . 2 . The wall plate portion traversing the opening defined by the cylindrical wall and providing drive train mounts for rotating the wheel. The wall plate portion  148 . 2  may have unitary bearing retention structure  148 . 3 ,  148 . 4  for retaining a pair of bearing sets  148 . 5 ,  148 . 6  axially displaced from one another that support the sorting and lifting wheel shaft, adjacent to the unitary motor mount structure  162 . 2  for the drive motor. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  2 A- 2 D and  7   , the sorting and lifting wheel  106  operates a follows. A batch  102 . 3  of disordered cartridges are placed in the cartridge receiving region  113 . As the wheel rotates individual cartridges are received in the cartridge receiving pockets  114  of the wheel. The cylindrical wall  148  defines a wheel discharge slot  116  positioned to communicate with a passageway  118  defined by a chute body  120 . In embodiments, the slot may be placed, with reference to a clock face, at 9:30 to 10:30. In embodiments, at 9:00 to 11:00. Each of the shelves  146  are oriented such that a ramp  146 . 2  is defined sloping downwardly toward the wheel discharge slot when the shelf is positioned at the wheel discharge slot  116 . This angular orientation assists the shelf to grab a cartridge as the wheel rotates through the unordered batch of cartridges in the interior  112  of the wheel. In embodiments, each shelf being sized to grab and retain only a single cartridge in the respective pocket see  FIG.  5   . The wheel  106 , as it is rotated, lifts the cartridges up to the wheel discharge slot  116 . As each cartridge receiving pocket  114  becomes aligned with the wheel discharge slot  116 , the cartridge rolls or falls out of the cartridge receiving pocket  114 , through a wheel discharge slot  116 , and into the chute  108  see  FIG.  7   . Each cartridge that is received in one of the cartridge receiving pockets  114  may have a random one of a first orientation and an opposite second orientation, that is, the cartridge tips will be pointing in opposite directions. 
     As the cartridges pass through slot  116  they enter the chute  108  at opening  108 . 2 . Referring to  FIGS.  2 A- 2 D, and  7 - 10   , an exemplary chute  108  formed of a chute body  120  is configured so that the horizontal aligned and randomly directed cartridges are arranged to be in a common orientation as they fall, that is by the force of gravity, through the passageway  118  defined by the chute body  120 . The chute  108  generally has an open passageway thickness T 1  slightly greater than a maximum diameter D 1  of the cartridge as defined by the casing at the rearward end of the cartridge. See in particular  FIG.  8   . This passageway thickness T 1  generally extends substantially the vertical length L 1  of the chute passageway, with the passageway having a rectangular cross-section. The chute having four upwardly extending chute walls  108 . 4 ,  108 . 5 ,  108 . 6 ,  108 . 7  defining the passageway and being configured as a removable unit. The unit having an s-shape and the housing may have a slot  108 . 5  or recess to receive the chute, see  FIG.  7   . The chute having an upper portion  137  with an opposing restrictive structures  131 . 1 ,  131 . 2 ,  131 . 3 ,  131 . 4  displaced from the chute entry slot  108 . 2  that effectively narrows the passageway thickness to a lesser thickness T 2  of the chute on each of two sides  139 . 1 ,  139 . 2  of the chute, but does not narrow the thickness of the passageway in a central portion  141  of the upper portion  137 . The restrictive structures sized to allow the forward end  102 . 2  of the cartridge  102 , due to the reduced diameter D 2  of the cartridge forward end, to fall downward but prevents the cartridge rearward end  102 . 4  to pass through the restrictive structures due to the increased diameter D 1  of the rearward end  102 . 4 . Referring specifically to  FIGS.  9  and  10   , as the forward end falls the cartridge rotates such that the rearward end is upwardly from the forward end and the rearward end becomes more centered in the upper portion  137  where there is no restrictive structure allowing the cartridge to fall, forward end, tip end, first into the mid-portion  137 . 1  of the chute. The shape of the chute is narrowed such that the cartridges cannot rotate about a horizontal axis that is generally perpendicular to the plane of the chute. An angled portion  137 . 3  of the chute sweeps in a direction that the tips  102 . 6  of the bullets are to point thereby general orienting the cartridges to be horizontal such that the cartridges move laterally to the accumulator portion of the chute where they may be stopped by wall  137 . 5  and they fall downwardly while generally maintaining their horizontal orientation. This provides the cartridges in a vertical stack with all the cartridges pointing with their tips in the same horizontal direction in the accumulator portion  124  ready for insertion into the magazine. The chute having a singular exit slot  126 . A lower most cartridge position  124 . 6  is provided at the bottom of the accumulator portion. Such position may be defined by chute structure or be below the chute body. The chute may be formed of injection molded polymers. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  11 - 12 C , an embodiment with a different forward wall chute configuration is illustrated. The housing  105  has a chute panel recess  121  with the wheel discharge slot  116  positioned at the top of the recess. The recess is defined by an inward insert wall portion  121 . 5  of the upper enclosure  139 . A chute panel  206 . 1  is removably placeable in the recess whereby chute wall structure  206  on the panel and the inwardly insert wall portion  121 . 5  combine to define the chute  123 . 
     In this embodiment the opposing restrictive structures  138 . 5 ,  138 . 6 ,  138 . 7  and  138 . 8  are configured as ribs projecting from the wall portion  121 . 5  and the chute panel  206 . The ribs initially projecting inwardly and horizontally at the lateral ends  206 . 4  and  206 . 5  of the passageway  118 . 4  and then extend downwardly and convergingly inwardly with a smooth curvature inwardly. In embodiments the ribs are generally U-shaped. In embodiments each upward leg of the U having an outwardly extending horizontal foot portion and the bottom of the U is open. 
     The chute panel may be transparent and/or have slots for viewing the passageway and any cartridges therein. The chute panel may be formed from injection molded polymers, for example polycarbonate or polystyrene. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  3 A- 6  and  11 ,  13 - 14   , in embodiments, a series of single cartridges is fed, one by one, through the singular exit slot  126  and into the pusher mechanism  110 . In embodiments, the pusher mechanism  110  comprises a pusher motor  128  a having a drive shaft  130  and a cam member  132  fixed to the drive shaft  130 . The cam member  132  is received in a cam follower with a cavity  134  defined by a pusher  136  of the pusher mechanism  110 . The cam member  132  is shaped so that the pusher  136  oscillates in a first direction away from the magazine  104  and a second direction toward the magazine  104  as the cam member  132  rotates in the cam follower cavity  134 . As the pusher  136  oscillates, a series of single cartridges are feed, one by one, through the singular exit slot  126 . The plunger portion  136 . 2  of the pusher mechanism  110  pushes the series of single cartridges, one by one, in a direction transverse to the stack, into a captured magazine  104  where the cartridges are received with the magazine spring loaded follower  104 . 6  retracting. In an embodiment, see  FIG.  13   , there can be a peak load absorbing spring as part of the drive system for the pusher mechanism. For example, an alternate cam member  132 . 1  may include a spring member  132 . 3  extending between an inner hub  132 . 6  and an outer member  132 . 4  that counterbalances the loading pressure as the pusher loads a cartridge in a magazine. This provides a significant load reduction on the motor allowing for use of a smaller, lighter, and less powerful motor. 
     A first spring  152  and a second spring  154  of the pusher mechanism  110  may be seated against the pusher  136 . The first spring applies a first spring force to the pusher  136  and the second spring  154  applies a second spring force to the pusher  136  both generally toward the magazine  104 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  13 - 16   , the pusher mechanism  110  of the magazine loader portion  109  may further include a magazine receiver  182  defining a cavity  184  extending along a magazine receiving and withdrawal axis and a magazine retention mechanism comprising a lever  196  pivotally supported by a wall of the magazine holding body. In embodiments, the lever  196  is pivotable about a pivot axis  198 . In embodiments, the lever  196  has an actuating portion disposed on a first side of the pivot axis  198  and a blocking member  200  disposed on a second side of the pivot axis  198 . In embodiments, the blocking member  200  of the lever  196  is dimensioned and adapted to be received in the complementary interlocking feature, the notch  10 . 1 , of the magazine  104 , see  FIG.  1   . In embodiments, the lever  196  is positioned so that the blocking member  200  extends through an aperture  202  defined by the magazine holding body  182 . In embodiments, the lever pivots about a pin  204  that is supported by a wall of the magazine holding body  182 . In embodiments, the lever  196  is selectively pivotable between a blocking position in which the blocking member  200  of the lever  196  is received in the complementary interlocking feature of the magazine  104  and a non-blocking position in which the blocking member  200  of the lever  196  is located outside of the complementary interlocking feature of the magazine  104 . 
     A release gate  136 . 4  may partially define the lowermost cartridge position  124 . 6  and may be released by a lever  136 . 9 , for example when the magazine is full and there is a stack of cartridges in the accumulator portion. The gate may pivot about a pivot point  136 . 5  or may slide out of position when the lever is pulled opening the gate. A tray  136 . 8  below the gate  136 . 4  may guide the cartridges forward to be collected by the operator. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  3 A,  15 - 24   , the magazine loader  100  may further include circuitry  107  operatively coupled to the pusher motor  128  of pusher mechanism  110  and a wheel drive motor  162  of the wheel drive  150 , wherein the circuitry  107  comprises one or more processors and a non-transitory computer readable medium storing one or more instruction sets. In embodiments, the one or more instruction sets include instructions configured to be executed by the one or more processors to cause the magazine loader to rotate the wheel so that the wheel singularizes (but doesn&#39;t orient) the cartridges of the batch while raising them one by one to a wheel discharge slot and the cartridges are transferred, one by one, through the wheel discharge slot and into a passageway defined by a chute body. In embodiments, the one or more instruction sets include instructions configured to be executed by the one or more processors to cause the magazine loader to oscillate the pusher mechanism to push a series of single cartridges, one by one, in a direction transverse to the stack, into a captured magazine. In embodiments, the one or more instruction sets include instructions configured to be executed by the one or more processors to cause the magazine loader to monitor a current drawn by the pusher motor  128  of the pusher mechanism  110  and cut off a current flow to the pusher motor  128  if the current drawn by the pusher motor  128  is greater than a preselected threshold in order to prevent damage to the magazine loader  100 . In embodiments, the one or more instruction sets include instructions configured to be executed by the one or more processors to cause the magazine loader to monitor a current drawn by the wheel drive motor  162  of the wheel drive  150  and cut off a current flow to the wheel drive motor  162  if the current drawn by the wheel drive motor  162  is greater than a preselected threshold in order to prevent damage to the magazine loader  100 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  13 - 15  and  30   , in embodiments, the pusher mechanism  110  of the magazine loader  100  further includes a pusher detector  188  for detecting the presence of a pusher  136  in a home position of the pusher  136 . In embodiments, the pusher detector  188  is supported by the magazine holding body  182 . In embodiments, the pusher detector  188  comprises a optical sensor having a light source  156  and a light sensor  158 . In embodiments, the light source  156  comprises a light emitting diode (LED) and the light sensor  158  comprises a phototransistor. In embodiments, the light source  156  emits a light emission and the light source is positioned such that the light emitting by the light source  156  travels into a cavity defined by the magazine holding body  182 . In embodiments, the light sensor  158  provides a signal responsive to light reflected off of the pusher  136  when the pusher  136  is present in its home position. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  15 - 24   , in embodiments, the pusher mechanism  110  of the magazine loader  100  further includes a cartridge detector  183  configured as an optical sensor for detecting the presence of a cartridge  102  in a cartridge receiving area. In embodiments, the cartridge detector  183  is supported by the magazine holding body  182  of the pusher mechanism  110 . In embodiments, the cartridge detector  183  is an optical sensor that comprises a light source  156  and a light sensor  158 . In embodiments, the light source  156  emits a light emission and the light source is positioned such that the light emitted by the light source  156  travels into the cartridge receiving area. In embodiments, the light sensor  158  provides a signal responsive to light reflected off of a cartridge  102  when a cartridge  102  is present in the cartridge receiving area. Detectors herein can be other than optical sensors, for example such detectors could be inductive sensors or could be mechanical micro switches. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  17 - 23   , the magazine loader  100  may also include a door detector  190  useful for determining whether or not the door  194  is in a closed position. In embodiments, the door  194  is coupled to a rod  210  such that the door  194  and the rod  210  pivot relative to the housing. In embodiments, the door detector  190  is supported by the housing  105  of the magazine loader  100 . In embodiments, the door detector  190  comprises a light source  156  and a light sensor  158 . In embodiments, the light source  156  emits a light emission and the light source is positioned such that the light emitting by the light source  156  selectively illuminates an ear  208  that is fixed to the rod  210 . In embodiments, the light sensor  158  provides a signal responsive to light reflected off of the ear  208  when the door  194  is in its closed position. In embodiments, the light source  156  comprises a light emitting diode (LED) and the light sensor  158  comprises a phototransistor. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  16 - 18 ,  23   , the magazine loader  100  may also include a first wheel rotation detector  192 A and a cartridge presence sensor  192 B. In embodiments, the wheel rotation detector  192 A provides signals from which it may be inferred that the wheel  106  is rotating. For example, in embodiments, the wheel  106  has a plurality of indicators  212  and each wheel rotation detector  192 A comprises a light source  156  and a light sensor  158 . In embodiments, the light source  156  of each wheel rotation detector  192 A is positioned such that light emitted by the light source  156  momentarily illuminates individual indicators  212  as the wheel  106  rotates. The indicators may be colored or mirrored strips that contrast with the background color of the wheel. In embodiments, the light sensor  158  of each wheel rotation detector  192 A provides a signal responsive to light reflected off of the series of individual indicators  212  when the wheel  106  is rotating. The receipt of the signals may be timed by processors in the circuitry for confirming the wheel is rotating normally and for detection of an abnormality in the rotation indicative of a jam. In embodiments, each wheel rotation detector  192 A may be supported by the housing of the magazine loader  100 , for example at sensor apertures  192 . 5  on the wall plate portion  148 . 2 , see  FIG.  3 B . Alternately a rotary encoder  192 . 7  may be attached to the wheel or wheel drive train  150 . 2  to monitor the wheel rotation. See  FIGS.  4  and  17   . 
     The cartridge presence sensor  192 B may be, for example an inductive sensor that can detect the presence or lack of cartridges in the open receiving region of the wheel. This sensor is connected to a processor of the circuitry and can shut down the wheel drive motor and/or provide a signal through the user interface of “empty”. The sensor can be attached to the housing, for example at sensor apertures  192 . 5  on the wall plate portion  148 . 2 . 
     With reference to  FIGS.  3 A,  17 - 18   , it will be appreciated that the magazine loader  100  includes a printed wiring board  166  supporting the circuitry  164 . In the embodiment of  FIG.  16   , the printed wiring board  166  comprises a substrate supporting conductive paths  168 , a plurality of electronic components  172 , including processors  172 . 2 , all of the circuitry  164 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  3 A,  13 - 18  and  21 - 22   , in embodiments, the pusher mechanism  110  of the magazine loader  100  further includes a pusher detector  188  for detecting the presence of a pusher  136  in a home position of the pusher  136 . In embodiments, the pusher detector  188  is operatively coupled to control circuitry  164 , the control circuitry  164  comprising one or more processors and a non-transitory computer readable medium storing one or more instruction sets, the one or more instruction sets including instructions configured to be executed by the one or more processors to cause the control circuitry  164  to determine that the pusher  136  is present in the home position based on signals from the pusher detector  188 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  2 C and  15 - 17   , in embodiments, the pusher mechanism  110  of the magazine loader  100  may further includes a cartridge detector  183  for detecting the presence of a cartridge  102  in a cartridge receiving area, which is the lowermost cartridge position  124 . 6 . In embodiments, the cartridge detector  183  is operatively coupled to control circuitry  164 , the control circuitry  164  comprising one or more processors and a non-transitory computer readable medium storing one or more instruction sets, the one or more instruction sets including instructions configured to be executed by the one or more processors to cause the control circuitry  164  to determine that the a cartridge is present in the cartridge receiving area based on signals from the cartridge detector  183 . The lack of a cartridge may preclude operation of the pusher mechanism  110 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  17 ,  19 - 20   , in embodiments, the magazine loader  100  includes a door detector  190  useful for determining whether or not the door  194  is in a closed position. In embodiments, the door detector  190  is operatively coupled to control circuitry  164 , the control circuitry  164  comprising one or more processors and a non-transitory computer readable medium storing one or more instruction sets, the one or more instruction sets including instructions configured to be executed by the one or more processors to cause the control circuitry  164  to determine whether or not the door  194  is in a closed position based on signals from the door detector  190 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  3 A and  15 - 23   , in embodiments, the pusher mechanism  110  of the magazine loader  100  further includes a magazine holding body  182  defining a magazine receiving cavity  184  and a magazine detector  186  for detecting the presence of a magazine  104  in the magazine receiving cavity  184 . In embodiments, the magazine detector  186  is supported by the magazine holding body  182 . In embodiments, the magazine detector  186  comprises optical sensors with a light source  156  and a light sensor  158 . In embodiments, the light source  156  comprises a light emitting diode (LED) and the light sensor  158  comprises a phototransistor. In embodiments, the light source  156  emits a light emission and the light source is positioned such that the light emitting by the light source  156  travels into the magazine receiving cavity  184 . In embodiments, the light sensor  158  provides a signal responsive to light reflected off of the magazine  104  when the magazine  104  is present in the magazine receiving cavity  184 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  3 A and  19 - 20   , the magazine loader  100  may also include a door detector  190  for detecting the presence of a door  194  in a closed position of the door  194 . In embodiments, the door detector  190  is supported by the housing  105  of the magazine loader  100 . In embodiments, the door detector  190  comprises a light source  156  and a light sensor  158 . In embodiments, the light source  156  comprises a light emitting diode (LED) and the light sensor  158  comprises a phototransistor. In embodiments, the light source  156  emits a light emission and the light source is positioned such that the light emitting by the light source  156  illuminates a portion of the door  194 . In embodiments, the light sensor  158  provides a signal responsive to light reflected off of the door  194  when the door  194  is in its closed position. In embodiments, the magazine loader  100  also includes a wheel home detector  192  for detecting the presence of the wheel  106  in a home position of the wheel  106 . In embodiments, the wheel home detector  192  is supported by the housing  105  of the magazine loader  100 . In embodiments, the wheel home detector  192  comprises a light source  156  and a light sensor  158 . In embodiments, the light source  156  comprises a light emitting diode (LED) and the light sensor  158  comprises a phototransistor. In embodiments, the light source  156  emits a light emission and the light source is positioned such that the light emitting by the light source  156  illuminates a portion of the wheel  106 . In embodiments, the light sensor  158  provides a signal responsive to light reflected off of the wheel  106  when the wheel  106  is in its home position. 
     The following United States patents are hereby incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,464,855, 4,689,909, 4,719,715, 4,827,651, 4,829,693, 4,888,902, 4,993,180, 5,249,386, 5,355,606, 5,377,436, 6,810,616, 6,178,683, 6,817,134, 7,059,077, 7,257,919, 7,383,657, 7,487,613, 7,503,138, 7,637,048, 7,805,874, 9,212,859, 9,239,198, 9,347,722 and 9,273,917. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  3 A and  15 - 23   , the circuitry  164  may comprise various elements without deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention. For example, the circuitry may comprise combinational logic, a plurality of state loaders and a clock that provides a clock signal to the combinational logic and the plurality of state loaders. Each state loader may comprise state logic circuitry and a state memory. The state memory may comprise a plurality of memory elements such as flip-flops. The state logic circuitry of the state loader determines the conditions for changing the logical values of bits stored in the state memory. More particularly, the state logic circuitry of the state loader logically combines the binary values of a plurality of inputs with the binary values in the state memory representing the current state to generate a binary number representing the next state. The combinational logic circuitry may comprise various elements without deviating from the spirit and scope of the present description. For example, the combinational logic circuitry may comprise a plurality of discrete electronic components. By way of a second example, combinational logic circuitry may comprise a plurality of electronic components in the form of an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Examples of electronic components that may be suitable in some applications include logic gates. Examples of logic gates include, AND gates, NAND gates, OR gates, XOR gates, NOR gates, NOT gates, and the like. These logic gates may comprise a plurality of transistors (e.g., transistor-transistor logic (TTL)). 
     Still referring to  FIGS.  3 A and  17 - 18   , the circuitry  164  may comprise various control elements without deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In embodiments, for example, the circuitry  164  may comprise a processor, a memory, an input/output interface, a display, and a bus that communicatively couples the processor to the memory, the display and the input/output interface. In an embodiment, the processor may comprise a collection of one or more logical cores or units for receiving and executing instructions or programs. For example, in embodiments, the processor may be configured to receive and execute various routines, programs, objects, components, logic, data structures, and so on to perform particular tasks. In an embodiment, the memory is a collection of various computer-readable media in the system architecture. In various embodiments, memory can include, but is not limited to volatile media, non-volatile media, removable media, and non-removable media. For example, in embodiments, the memory can include random access memory (RAM), cache memory, read only memory (ROM), flash memory, solid state memory, or other suitable type of memory. In embodiments, the memory includes media that is accessible to the electronic circuitry  164 . For example, in some embodiments, the memory includes computer readable media located locally in the circuitry  164  and/or media located remotely to the circuitry  164  and accessible via a network. In some embodiments, the memory includes a program product having a group of one or more logical instructions that are executable by the processor to carry out the functions of the various embodiments of the disclosure. In an embodiment, the bus comprises one or more of any of suitable type of bus structures for communicatively connecting the electronic elements. In various embodiments the bus may include a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a processor or local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. In some embodiments, the circuitry  164  includes an I/O interface coupled to a processor. The I/O interface may facilitate communication between the various components and the circuitry  164 . For example, in embodiments, the I/O interface may be communicatively coupled with one or more sensors. In certain embodiments the I/O interface facilitates communication with input and output devices for interacting with a user. For example, the I/O interface may communicate with one or more devices such, as a user-input device and/or a visual display  180 , which enable a user to interact directly with the circuitry  164 . The user-input device may comprise a keyboard  176 , one or more push buttons  178 , a touch screen, or other devices that allows a user to input information. The visual display  180  may comprise any of a variety of visual displays, such as a viewable screen, a set of viewable symbols or numbers, and so on. 
     The above references in all sections of this application are herein incorporated by references in their entirety for all purposes. Components illustrated in such patents may be utilized with embodiments herein. Incorporation by reference is discussed, for example, in MPEP section 2163.07(B). 
     “Substantially” when referring to a quality means mostly, unless otherwise defined, when referring to a quantified parameter, unless otherwise defined, means within 10% of that quantified parameter. “Substantially horizontal” means plus or minus 20° from horizontal. “Substantially” and “generally” include the exact quality or quantity described. 
     All of the features disclosed in this specification (including the references incorporated by reference, including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive. 
     Each feature disclosed in this specification (including references incorporated by reference, any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features. 
     The invention is not restricted to the details of the foregoing embodiment(s). The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any incorporated by reference references, any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed. The above references in all sections of this application are herein incorporated by references in their entirety for all purposes. 
     Although specific examples have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that any arrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose could be substituted for the specific examples shown. This application is intended to cover adaptations or variations of the present subject matter. Therefore, it is intended that the invention be defined by the attached claims and their legal equivalents, as well as the following illustrative aspects. The above described aspects embodiments of the invention are merely descriptive of its principles and are not to be considered limiting. Further modifications of the invention herein disclosed will occur to those skilled in the respective arts and all such modifications are deemed to be within the scope of the invention.