Patent Publication Number: US-2023138914-A1

Title: Verifying indicated device location using analysis of real-time display element interaction

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     The present invention relates generally to the field of device authentication, and more specifically, to verifying whether a device is located at an indicated location. 
     Multifactor Authentication (MFA) is an authentication methodology in which items from several independent credential categories are provided to verify aspects (e.g., a user identity) during a login or other secure transaction. In some settings, an MFA system will request non-public (and user-known) information from a user attempting to conduct a secure transaction. By requesting non-public information from users, MFA systems increase the likelihood that only authorized users are conducting secure transactions. The nature of the non-public information requested by MFA systems varies widely among systems, and some types of requested information provide more security than others. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to one embodiment, a computer-implemented method verifying a device location includes, in response to receiving a request to verify a location of a primary device communicatively connected with a computer, receiving an Indicated Primary Device Location “IPDL”. The computer presents within a Primary Device Display “PDD”, a virtual representation of a predetermined Astronomical Reference Object “ARO” having a known ARO location remote from the primary device. The virtual representation has a dynamic location within the PDD synchronized, at least in part, with a substantially real-time relative offset between a Display Reference Indicator “DRI” and the known ARO location. The computer responsive to receiving an indication that the primary device is in a Primary Device Verification Position “PDVP” in which the DRI and the ARO virtual representation have a predetermined amount of overlap within the display, receives primary device orientation metadata from a set of orientation indicating sensors associated with the primary device, and generates a Measured Primary Device Orientation “MPDO” using the MPDO. The computer calculates an Expected Device Orientation “EDO” for a reference device arranged in the PDVP while at the IPDL. The computer generates a Location Verification Value “LVV” based, at least in part, on comparing the MPDO and the EDO. The computer, in response to determining the LVV exceeds a predetermined verification threshold, provides an indication that the indicated primary device location is verified. According to aspects of the invention, the known ARO location changes with time and the expected PDVD orientation is calculated using a set of time-sensitive ARO position metadata available to the computer and a relevant reference time from a time source available to the computer. According to aspects of the invention, the indicated device location is substantially the same as a pre-established target location. According to aspects of the invention, the pre-established target location is substantially the same as a user-provided address. According to aspects of the invention, the orientation indicating sensors associated with the PVD are among a pre-established set of sensors remote from the device. According to aspects of the invention, the display presents a real-time location of multiple predetermined AROs on a celestial map. According to aspects of the invention, the primary device is selected from group consisting of smart phone, a smart watch, and a tablet. 
     According to another embodiment A system for verifying a device location includes a computer system comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a computer to cause the computer to: in response to receiving a request to verify a location of a primary device communicatively connected with a computer, receive an Indicated Primary Device Location “IPDL”; present within a Primary Device Display “PDD”, a virtual representation of a predetermined Astronomical Reference Object “ARO” having a known ARO location remote from the primary device, the virtual representation having a dynamic location within the PDD synchronized, at least in part, with a substantially real-time relative offset between a Display Reference Indicator “DRI” and the known ARO location; responsive to receiving an indication that the primary device is in a Primary Device Verification Position “PDVP” in which the DRI and the ARO virtual representation have a predetermined amount of overlap within the display, receive primary device orientation metadata from a set of orientation indicating sensors associated with the primary device, and generate a Measured Primary Device Orientation “MPDO” therefrom; calculate an Expected Device Orientation “EDO” for a reference device arranged in the PDVP while at the IPDL; generate a Location Verification Value “LVV” based, at least in part, on comparing the MPDO and the EDO; and responsive to determining the LVV exceeds a predetermined verification threshold, provide an indication that the indicated primary device location is verified. 
     According to another embodiment A computer program product for verify a device location, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a computer to cause the computer to: in response to receiving a request to verify a location of a primary device communicatively connected with a computer, receive, using the computer, an Indicated Primary Device Location “IPDL”; present, using the computer, within a Primary Device Display “PDD”, a virtual representation of a predetermined Astronomical Reference Object “ARO” having a known ARO location remote from the primary device, the virtual representation having a dynamic location within the PDD synchronized, at least in part, with a substantially real-time relative offset between a Display Reference Indicator “DRI” and the known ARO location; responsive to receiving an indication that the primary device is in a Primary Device Verification Position “PDVP” in which the DRI and the ARO virtual representation have a predetermined amount of overlap within the display, receive, using the computer, primary device orientation metadata from a set of orientation indicating sensors associated with the primary device, and generate a Measured Primary Device Orientation “MPDO” therefrom; calculate, using the computer, an Expected Device Orientation “EDO” for a reference device arranged in the PDVP while at the IPDL; generate, using the computer, a Location Verification Value “LVV” based, at least in part, on comparing the MPDO and the EDO; and responsive to determining the LVV exceeds a predetermined verification threshold, provide, using the computer, an indication that the indicated primary device location is verified. 
     The present disclosure recognizes and addresses the shortcomings and problems associated with balancing ease of use and heightened security in secure transactions. 
     The present disclosure recognizes and addresses the shortcomings and problems associated with MFA systems that rely on static access credentials. 
     The present disclosure recognizes and addresses the shortcomings and problems associated with MFA systems that rely on access credentials that may be obtained by unauthorized users. 
     Aspects of the invention provide verifiable credentials suited for self-identification in secure login settings. 
     Aspects of the invention use device locating sensors (e.g., device-integrated sensors, such as a device gyroscope or GPS components) or other preselected positioning sensors (e.g., coordinated sensors, such as Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices or similar location-indicating). 
     Aspects of the invention combine real-time device location information (including three-dimensional orientation and device location), along with astronomical reference object (e.g., the Sun, the Moon, planets, etc.) location metadata (e.g., including time-based celestial coordinates and movement patterns, galactic or other astronomical coordinates, etc.), to dynamically indicate identified device and reference object relative positions within a dynamic display. 
     Aspects of the invention obtain device position from device-integrated sensors (e.g., including a device-based gyroscope, satellite-based positioning components, etc.) or other preselected positioning sensors (e.g., coordinated sensors, such as Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices or similar location-indicating). 
     According to aspects of the invention, an indicated location may be provided by a user seeking to log in to a secure system, and aspects of the invention will assess whether the user-provided location is a representation of the actual device location. 
     Aspects of the invention provide a dynamic display that incorporates an augmented reality (AR) overlay or similar virtual reality technology (e.g., a real-time sky or celestial body mapping application) to indicate device orientation with respect to a preselected astronomical object. 
     Aspects of the invention verify an indicated device location by comparing a sensor-identified device orientation relative to a preselected astronomical object to an expected device orientation. 
     According to aspects of the invention, the indicated device location is a targeted location, such as a predefined, user-provided address. 
     According to aspects of the invention, multiple interconnected smart devices (e.g., a smartwatch, a tablet, a cellphone, etc.) and conventional positioning devices may be used cooperatively to accomplish a secure authentication. 
     According to aspects of the invention, an identified device location may be verified by moving the device with respect to a astronomic reference object and comparing the measured device movement(or position, etc.) with expected device movement (or position, etc.) associated with the identified location. 
     Aspects of the invention generate a device movement database (e.g., via a device-mounted gyroscope, a device-based Global Navigation Satellite Systems components, through remote sensors adapted and arranged to indicate location-relevant aspects of an identified device, etc.) to associate motion and position of the device with the “overlay virtual reality technology” or the astronomic coordinates, and its associated location. This also can be used with combination of user devices to accomplish a secure authentication (smartwatch, tablet, cellphone, etc.). 
     Aspects of the present invention are especially useful to provide authentication during a secure transaction or other use case in which heightened security is desired (e.g., in a Multi-Factor Authentication “MFA” arrangement). According to aspects of the invention, a display associated with the device provides an enhanced viewing experience (e.g., Augmented. Reality “AR” overlay or Virtual Reality VR interface), and a user is asked to move the selected device in a predetermined pattern, or in a pattern illustrated within the display. According to aspects of the invention, a real-time representation of Astronomical Reference Object “ARO” (e.g., a predetermined celestial body having a known dynamic location) is shown in the display, and the user is directed to place the device into a diagnostic, location verification orientation with respect to the ARO. 
     Aspects of the invention provide a verified, location-based identification factor useful in “MFA” arrangements, using three-dimensional “3D” position data (e.g., gyroscope-sensed movements and data streams from groups of cooperative sensors arranged to register device position and movement), including measurements known as roll (x), pitch (y) &amp; yaw(z)) sensors suitable three-dimensional. According to aspects of the invention, 3D position data is used to present an enhance, composite display combine that shows relative positions of the device and a selected Astronomical Reference Object “ARO”. It is noted that the resultant device orientation for a device with respect to a given ARO will vary over time, in accordance with device location, such that determining a device is in an expected orientation with respect to a predetermined ARO at a known time and indicated location will provide a reliable assurance (e.g., a location-based authentication credential) that the device is truly at the indicated location. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments thereof, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings. The various features of the drawings are not to scale as the illustrations are for clarity in facilitating one skilled in the art in understanding the invention in conjunction with the detailed description. The drawings are set forth as below as: 
         FIG.  1    is a schematic block diagram illustrating an overview of a system for computer-implemented method of confirming a device location using real-time celestial body mapping, according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG.  2    is a flowchart illustrating a method, implemented using the system shown in  FIG.  1   , of confirming a device location using real-time celestial body mapping, according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG.  3    is a block illustrating aspects of a method, implemented using the system shown in  FIG.  1   , for confirming a device location using real-time celestial body mapping, according to aspects of the invention. 
         FIG.  4 A  is a schematic representation of aspects of a primary device according to the system of the system of  FIG.  1    shown in use. 
         FIG.  4 B  is a schematic representation of aspects of a primary device according to the system of the system of  FIG.  1    shown in use. 
         FIG.  5 A  is a schematic representation of aspects of a primary device according to the system of  FIG.  1    shown in use in a primary device verification position. 
         FIG.  5 B  is a schematic representation of aspects of a primary device according to the system of  FIG.  1    shown in use in a primary device verification position. 
         FIG.  6 A  is a schematic representation of aspects of a secondary device according to the system of  FIG.  1    shown in use in a device verification position. 
         FIG.  6 B  is a schematic representation of aspects of a secondary device according to the system of  FIG.  1    shown in use in a device verification position. 
         FIG.  7    is a table schematically representing device location verification information generated by aspects of the system of  FIG.  1    for a primary device according to aspects of the invention. 
         FIG.  8    is a table schematically representing device location verification information generated by aspects of the system of  FIG.  1    for a secondary device according to aspects of the invention. 
         FIG.  9    is a flowchart illustrating aspects of an alternate method, implemented using the system shown in  FIG.  1   , for confirming a device location using real-time celestial body mapping, according to aspects of the invention. 
         FIG.  10    is a schematic block diagram depicting a computer system according to an embodiment of the disclosure which may be incorporated, all or in part, in one or more computers or devices shown in  FIG.  1   , and cooperates with the systems and methods shown in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  11    depicts a cloud computing environment according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG.  12    depicts abstraction model layers according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings is provided to assist in a comprehensive understanding of exemplary embodiments of the invention as defined by the claims and their equivalents. It includes various specific details to assist in that understanding but these are to be regarded as merely exemplary. Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. In addition, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions may be omitted for clarity and conciseness. 
     The terms and words used in the following description and claims are not limited to the bibliographical meanings, but are merely used to enable a clear and consistent understanding of the invention. Accordingly, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the following description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustration purpose only and not for the purpose of limiting the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. 
     It is to be understood that the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a participant” includes reference to one or more of such participants unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. 
     Now with combined reference to the Figures generally and with particular reference to  FIG.  1    and  FIG.  2   , an overview of a method for optimizing microphone (or similar input component) operation during a teleconference usable within a system  100  as carried out by a server computer  102  having optionally shared storage  104 . 
     The server computer  102  is communicatively connected with a set of location verification devices  106  (e.g., primary, secondary, etc. devices for which location is to be verified). According to aspects of the invention, the set of devices can include one or more primary device  106  (e.g., typically a smart device, such as a smartwatch, a tablet, a cellphone, etc.) and one or more secondary device  108  (e.g., typically a conventional positioning device, such as an electronic compass, GPS receiver, or other similar positioning device) for which an indicated location is to be verified. In an embodiment, the indicated device location is a targeted location, such as a predefined, user-provided address. 
     The server computer  102  receives a corpus of Astronomical Reference Object “ARO” metadata  112 . According to aspects of the invention, the ARO metadata includes names of, and associated time-based location information for, extra-terrestrial bodies  113  (e.g., the Sun, Moon, planets, etc.) and associated Body Location Reference Indicator “BLRI”  114 . 
     The server computer  102  receives a corpus Terrestrial Reference Object “TRO”s  115 . According to aspects of the invention, the TRO metadata includes names of, and associated substantially static locations of, Earth-centric references (e.g., magnetic poles, etc.). 
     The server computer  102  is communicatively connected with a set of location-indicating sensors  116  associated with the devices  108 , 110  that indicate motion (e.g., device pitch, roll, and yaw) or position of the device in three dimensions (e.g., along an x-axis  121 , y-axis  123 , and z-axis  125  each represented schematically in  FIG.  4 A  and  FIG.  5 A ). According to aspects of the invention, the set of sensors  116  integrated sensors  118  (e.g., gyroscopes, Global Position System “GPS” receivers, or other movement and device-mounted position indicating components selected by one of skill in this field) incorporated into the devices  108 , 110 . According to aspects of the invention, the set of sensors  116  includes remote sensors  120  (e.g., such as Wi-Fi positioning sensors, Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, and other components adapted and arranged to indicate device location) that are distinct from the devices  108 , 110  and within a suitable device monitoring location proximate the device  108  (e.g., as shown schematically in  FIG.  4 A ). 
     The server computer  102  is in communication with a chronological time source  122 . According to aspects of the invention, the time source is a signal from an atomic clock, a satellite signal, or other indication of current time selected by one of skill in this field. According to aspects of the invention, the server computer  102  uses information from the time source  122  when calculating dynamic, time-based locations for an ARO  113 . 
     The server computer  102  includes Object Mapping Module “OMM”  126 . According to aspects of the invention, the OMNI  126  generates real-time representations  126  of AROs  113  and a Device Reference Indicator “DRI”  128  in an integrated display  130  (or other user interface), presenting ARO and DRI relative positions in real-time (shown schematically at  FIG.  4 A  and  FIG.  4 B ). In an embodiment, the real-time representation  126  of an AROs  113  is a scalable icon that represent the astronomical reference object (e.g., such as the planet Saturn, or other celestial body), and the DRI  128  is a pair of intersecting line segments (e.g., a “+” sign). According to aspects of the invention, the primary device display  130  provides an indication of a relative offset  132  between the DRI  128  and the Body Location Reference Indicator “BLRI”  114  associated with the ARO  113 . According to aspects of the invention, the “BLRI”  114  coincides with a calculated axis of rotation for a given celestial body, a body center, or other reference object attribute having a predictable motion selected by one of skill in this field. According to aspects of the invention, the OMM  124  uses the ARO metadata  112  and a celestial mapping algorithm (or similar ARO tracking routine known to those of skill in this field) available to the server computer  102  to track BLRI  114  position relevant for viewing in the indicated location for the primary device  108 . In an embodiment, the display  130  portrays an Augmented Reality experience, in which substantially real-time relative positions of the DRI  128  and real-time ARO representation  126  are shown. 
     The server computer  102  includes a Device Position Monitoring Module “DPMM”  134  that monitors the relative positions of the DRI  128  and ARO representations  126  within the user interface  130  (e.g., a primary device display, shown schematically in  FIG.  4 B ). According to aspects of the invention, the DPMM  134  identifies instances of DRI  128 ′ and ARO representation  126 ′ co-alignment (e.g., as shown schematically in  FIG.  5 A  and  FIG.  5 B ) and notes when DRI and ARO displacement  132 ′ is below a co threshold indicating substantial overlap. In an embodiment, these moments of substantial overlap are trigger events in which the DPMM  134  recognizes the primary device  108 ′ has been moved into a Device Verification Position “DVP” (e.g., as shown schematically in  FIG.  5 A , which may be represented by roll, pitch, and yaw values), and the display  130 ′ shows substantial alignment between the DRI  128 ′ and a relevant BLRI  114  (e.g., as shown schematically in  FIG.  5 B ). In an embodiment, the DPMM  134  recognizes the occurrence of the primary device occupying a DVP when the indicated overlap shows a relative displacement  132  (e.g., offset between DRI  128  and body location reference indicator  114 ) having an apparent distance that is less than 10% of the apparent length of a line segment forming the DRI  128 . It is noted that the predetermined overlap threshold may be larger or smaller and may be selected by other methods, as selected in accordance with the judgment of one skilled in this field. 
     The server computer  102  includes Expected Device Orientation Calculation Module “EDOCM”  136  that generates a theoretical orientation (e.g., as represented by roll, pitch, and yaw values) expected for a hypothetical reference device arranged in the DVP from the indicated device location. According to aspects of the invention, the server computer  102  uses the expected orientation as a target orientation when verifying the location of the primary device  108 . According to aspects of the invention, the reference device generated by the EDOCM  136  is a hypothetical version of the primary device  108 , and the EDOCM applies portions of the celestial mapping algorithm (or similar ARO tracking routine) available to the server computer  102  to determine an expected DVP orientation (e.g., indicated by a set axial roll, pitch, and yaw values relative to the x-axis  121 , y-axis  123 , and z-axis  125 ) with respect to the selected ARO  113  for a device in the indicated primary device location. In an embodiment, the reference device has an associated theoretical DRI in substantially-perfect alignment with the selected ARO. According to aspects of the invention, EDOCM-generated reference device would, if represented within the display  130 , have a relative displacement  132  (e.g., an offset between an associated DRI and body location reference indicator  114 ) near (or equal to) zero. 
     The server computer  102  includes Location Verification Value Generation Module “LVVGM”  138  that compares, with supplemental reference to  FIG.  7   , for a device at an indicated device location  140  (e.g., established by data collected from sensors  116 , 118  or provided manually by a user), a measured device orientation  142  (e.g., represented by roll, pitch, and yaw metadata collected from sensors  116 , 118 ) and the expected device orientation  144  (e.g., represented by roll, pitch, and yaw values for the reference device, as generated by the EDOCM  136 ) to calculate a Location Verification Value “LVV”  146  (e.g., each of which is represented schematically within table  700  of  FIG.  7   ). According to aspects of the invention, the LVV  146  is a unitless value that indicates a similarity between the measure device orientation  142  and the expected device orientation  144 . It is noted that the LVV may be calculated via a cosine similarity assessment method, through a simple coordinate difference calculation, or as the result of another orientation comparison methodology selected by one of skill in this field. 
     The server computer  102  includes Location Verification Value Assessment Module “LVVAM”  150  that evaluates the LVV  146  to determine whether the indicated device location is verified. In particular, the LVVAM  150  determines whether the LVV  146  exceeds a verification threshold. In an embodiment, the verification threshold is 95% of a maximum similarity value (e.g., 95% of unity, when measured by cosine similarity assessments) or other value selected in accordance with the judgment of one skilled in this field. According to aspects of the invention, when the LVV exceeds the verification threshold, the LVVAM  150  determines that the primary device  108  is occupying a measured orientation  142  while in the DVP (e.g., shown in FIG. that is sufficiently similar to an expected orientation  144  for a device located at the indicated location  140 . Aspects of the invention recognize that substantially-perfect alignment of the DRI  128  and BLRI for a device  108  located at an indicated location on Earth occurs when the device is in a specific, time-relevant orientation, and if the measured orientation  142  is sufficiently close to the expected orientation  144  (e.g., exceeding the verification threshold) for a hypothetical device located in the indicated location  140 , then the device may be deemed to be at a location that matches the indicated location, and the LVVAM  150  verifies the device location. According to aspects of the invention, the LVVAM  150  provides an indication of a verified device location within a user interface (e.g., display  130 ). According to aspects of the invention, the server computer  102  approves a secure login request when the LVV  146  exceeds the exceeding the verification threshold. 
     It is noted that in an embodiment, the server computer  102  is in communication with a secondary device  110  (e.g., as shown schematically in  FIG.  6 A and  6 B ), such as a wrist-mounted compass or other device capable of indicating alignment with Earth-bound references, such as an indication of a magnetic pole  150 . As shown with cooperative reference to  FIG.  6 A  and  FIG.  6 B , a user associated with the secondary device  110  includes a Secondary Device Reference Indicator SDRI  152  (e.g., such as an indication of compass-based bearing or other relatively fixed, terrestrial reference selected by one skilled in this field). According to aspects of the invention, the DPMM  134  will using integrated sensors  118  (e.g., a device compass or gyroscope) to generate a measured device bearing  152 , and as the SDRI  152  shifts with respect to a Target Device Bearing  150  (e.g., a NE compass bearing or similar reference selected by one of skill in this field), the secondary device  110  may move into a Secondary Device Verification Position “SDVP”  152 ′, in which the SDRI is in substantial alignment with the Target Device Bearing  150  (e.g., as shown schematically in  FIG.  6 B ). According to aspects of the invention, the DPMM  134  will note this occurrence and trigger the LVVGM  138  to compare the measured device bearing  152 ′ in the SDVP to the target device reference  150  and generate a Device Bearing Verification Value “DBVV”  154  (each of which is represented schematically in table  800  of  FIG.  8   ). According to aspects of the invention, when the measured secondary device bearing  152  is substantially equal to a target bearing  150  (e.g., within five degrees or some other threshold established by one of skill in this field), the server computer  102  will determine that the secondary device  110  is in a preferred orientation (e.g., substantially aligned with a target bearing  150 ). In an embodiment, the server computer  102  may consider this secondary device orientation  152  when verifying a user location during multifactor authentication. 
     Now with specific reference to  FIG.  2   , and to other figures generally, a computer-implemented method of confirming a device location in support of a multifactor secure login request using real-time celestial body mapping using the system  100  described above will be described. 
     The server computer  102  at block  202 , in response to receiving a request to verify a location of a primary device communicatively connected with the server computer, receives an Indicated Primary Device Location “IPDL”. According to aspects of the invention, the IPDL may be received from sensors  118 ,  120  associated with the device, or the IPDL may be provided manually by a user. 
     The server computer  102  at block  204 , via Object Mapping Module “OMNI”  124 , generates a real-time representation  126  of ARO and Device Reference Indicator relative positions. In particular, the server computer presents within a Primary Device Display “PDD” (e.g., user interface or display  130 ) a virtual representation  126  of a predetermined Astronomical Reference Object “ARO” having a known ARO location  114  (e.g., Body Location Reference Indicator “BLRI”) remote from the primary device  110 . According to aspects of the invention, the virtual representation  126  occupies a dynamic location within the device display  130 . In an embodiment the virtual representation  126  is synchronized, at least in part, with a substantially real-time relative offset  132  between a Display Reference Indicator “DRI”  128  and the known ARO location (e.g., BLRI  114 ). 
     The server computer  102  at block  206 , via Device Position Monitoring Module “DPMM”  134 , notes when a device  110  is in verification position. In particular, in response to receiving an indication that the primary device  110  is in a Primary Device Verification Position “PDVP” (e.g., an orientation in which the DRI  128 ′ and the ARO virtual representation  126 ′ have a preferred amount of overlap within the display  130 , the server computer  102  receives primary device orientation metadata from a set of orientation indicating sensors  118 , 120  associated with the primary device. In an embodiment, the server computer  102 , via DPMM  134  generates a Measured Primary Device Orientation “MPDO”  142  from the sensor data. 
     The server computer  102  at block  208 , via Expected Device Orientation Calculation Module “EDOCM”  136 , generates, as noted above, a theoretical orientation  144  expected for a reference device arranged in the DVP from the indicated device location  140 . In particular, the server computer  102  calculates an Expected Device Orientation “EDO”  144  for a reference device arranged in the PDVP while at the IPDL. 
     The server computer  102  at block  210 , via Location Verification Value Generation Module “LVVGM”  138 , compares a measured primary device orientation  142  and expected device orientation  144  to generate Location Verification Value “LVV”  146 . In particular, the server computer  102  generates, as described above, a Location Verification Value “LVV”  146  based, at least in part, on comparing the MPDO  142  and the EDO  144 . 
     The server computer  102  at block  212 , via Location Verification Value Assessment Module “LVVAM”  148  evaluates the LVV  146  to determine whether the indicated device location is authentic (e.g., is verified). In an embodiment, the server computer  102  provides, in response to determining the LVV exceeds a predetermined verification threshold, an indication that the indicated primary device location is verified. According to aspects of the invention, the server computer  102  will permit a secure system login when the primary device location is verified. 
     Now with particular reference to  FIG.  3   , aspects of the analysis conducted by Location Verification Value Assessment Module “LVVAM”  148  will be described. In block  302 , the server computer  102  determines whether the LVV  146  exceeds a predetermined verification threshold. In an embodiment, the verification threshold is 95% of a maximum similarity value (e.g., 95% of unity, when measured by cosine similarity assessments) or other value selected in accordance with the judgment of one skilled in this field. According to aspects of the invention, when the LVV exceeds the verification threshold, the LVVAM  150  determines that the primary device  108  is occupying a measured orientation  142  while in the DVP (e.g., shown in FIG. that is sufficiently similar to an expected orientation  144  for a device located at the indicated location  140 . If the LVV  146  does not exceed the verification threshold described above, flow continues to block  306 . If the LVV  146  exceeds the verification threshold described above, the server computer  102  determines the indicated device location is verified and, flow continues to block  304 , in which, according to aspects of the invention, the server computer  102  grants a request for a secure login. The server computer  102  at block  306 , via a user interface (e.g., the display  130 ), provides an indication of the LVV (e.g., indicated location authentication status) and flow returns to block  214 . 
     Now with particular reference to  FIG.  9   , an alternate method for confirming a device location using real-time celestial body mapping, according to aspects of the invention will be discussed. In block  902 , the server computer  102  receives a login request. In an embodiment, the request is received via a User Interface “UI” associated with device display  130 . In block  904 , the server computer receives, via the UI, an indication of a set devices  106  (e.g., smart phone, smart watch, tablet, etc.) available for multi-factor authentication (MFA). At block  908 , the server computer  102  waits for a preferred set of devices  108  (from within the available set  906 ) to be identified. At block  910 , the server computer  102 , confirms the preferred devices are suitable for MFA use and directs a user to move the device  108  in a calibration motion. At block  912 , the server computer  102  receives an indication of a device location and waits for the directed calibration motion to be completed. At block  914 , the server computer  102  generates a celestial map using the corpus of Astronomical Reference Object “ARO” metadata  112 . At block  916 , the server computer  102  identifies a selected Astronomical Reference Object  113  (e.g., a space object having a real-time representation  126  within the device display  130 ) and wait for the user to find the selected object within the display. At block  918 , the server computer  102  identifies directs the user to move the device  108  into a verification position, in which a device reference indicator “DRI”  128  is substantially alignment with the ARO representation  126  (e.g., by conducting roll and pitch adjustments or other adjustments necessary to bring the DRI and ARO representation into an overlapping arrangement in the display). At block  920 , the server computer  102  determines whether the orientation movements registered in block  918  match a set of expected orientation movements (for a device at the indicated location), and the server computer  102  grants login access at block  922  when the registered orientation movements and expected orientation movements have a similarity (LVV) that exceeds the verification threshold (e.g., as described above). 
     Regarding the flowcharts and block diagrams, the flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures of the present disclosure illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted in the Figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions. 
     Referring to  FIG.  10   , a system or computer environment  1000  includes a computer diagram  1010  shown in the form of a generic computing device. The method of the invention, for example, may be embodied in a program  1060 , including program instructions, embodied on a computer readable storage device, or computer readable storage medium, for example, generally referred to as memory  1030  and more specifically, computer readable storage medium  1050 . Such memory and/or computer readable storage media includes non-volatile memory or non-volatile storage. For example, memory  1030  can include storage media  1034  such as RAM (Random Access Memory) or ROM (Read Only Memory), and cache memory  1038 . The program  1060  is executable by the processor  1020  of the computer system  1010  (to execute program steps, code, or program code). Additional data storage may also be embodied as a database  1110  which includes data  1114 . The computer system  1010  and the program  1060  are generic representations of a computer and program that may be local to a user, or provided as a remote service (for example, as a cloud based service), and may be provided in further examples, using a website accessible using the communications network  1200  (e.g., interacting with a network, the Internet, or cloud services). It is understood that the computer system  1010  also generically represents herein a computer device or a computer included in a device, such as a laptop or desktop computer, etc., or one or more servers, alone or as part of a datacenter. The computer system can include a network adapter/interface  1026 , and an input/output (I/O) interface(s)  1022 . The I/O interface  1022  allows for input and output of data with an external device  1074  that may be connected to the computer system. The network adapter/interface  1026  may provide communications between the computer system a network generically shown as the communications network  1200 . 
     The computer  1010  may be described in the general context of computer system-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer system. Generally, program modules may include routines, programs, objects, components, logic, data structures, and so on that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The method steps and system components and techniques may be embodied in modules of the program  1060  for performing the tasks of each of the steps of the method and system. The modules are generically represented in the figure as program modules  1064 . The program  1060  and program modules  1064  can execute specific steps, routines, sub-routines, instructions or code, of the program. 
     The method of the present disclosure can be run locally on a device such as a mobile device, or can be run a service, for instance, on the server  1100  which may be remote and can be accessed using the communications network  1200 . The program or executable instructions may also be offered as a service by a provider. The computer  1010  may be practiced in a distributed cloud computing environment where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network  1200 . In a distributed cloud computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer system storage media including memory storage devices. 
     The computer  1010  can include a variety of computer readable media. Such media may be any available media that is accessible by the computer  1010  (e.g., computer system, or server), and can include both volatile and non-volatile media, as well as removable and non-removable media. Computer memory  1030  can include additional computer readable media in the form of volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM)  1034 , and/or cache memory  1038 . The computer  1010  may further include other removable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer storage media, in one example, portable computer readable storage media  1072 . In one embodiment, the computer readable storage medium  1050  can be provided for reading from and writing to a non-removable, non-volatile magnetic media. The computer readable storage medium  1050  can be embodied, for example, as a hard drive. Additional memory and data storage can be provided, for example, as the storage system  1110  (e.g., a database) for storing data  1114  and communicating with the processing unit  1020 . The database can be stored on or be part of a server  1100 . Although not shown, a magnetic disk drive for reading from and writing to a removable, non-volatile magnetic disk (e.g., a “floppy disk”), and an optical disk drive for reading from or writing to a removable, non-volatile optical disk such as a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM or other optical media can be provided. In such instances, each can be connected to bus  1014  by one or more data media interfaces. As will be further depicted and described below, memory  1030  may include at least one program product which can include one or more program modules that are configured to carry out the functions of embodiments of the present invention. 
     The method(s) described in the present disclosure, for example, may be embodied in one or more computer programs, generically referred to as a program  1060  and can be stored in memory  1030  in the computer readable storage medium  1050 . The program  1060  can include program modules  1064 . The program modules  1064  can generally carry out functions and/or methodologies of embodiments of the invention as described herein. The one or more programs  1060  are stored in memory  1030  and are executable by the processing unit  1020 . By way of example, the memory  1030  may store an operating system  1052 , one or more application programs  1054 , other program modules, and program data on the computer readable storage medium  1050 . It is understood that the program  1060 , and the operating system  1052  and the application program(s)  1054  stored on the computer readable storage medium  1050  are similarly executable by the processing unit  1020 . It is also understood that the application  1054  and program(s)  1060  are shown generically, and can include all of, or be part of, one or more applications and program discussed in the present disclosure, or vice versa, that is, the application  1054  and program  1060  can be all or part of one or more applications or programs which are discussed in the present disclosure. 
     One or more programs can be stored in one or more computer readable storage media such that a program is embodied and/or encoded in a computer readable storage medium. In one example, the stored program can include program instructions for execution by a processor, or a computer system having a processor, to perform a method or cause the computer system to perform one or more functions. 
     The computer  1010  may also communicate with one or more external devices  1074  such as a keyboard, a pointing device, a display  1080 , etc.; one or more devices that enable a user to interact with the computer  1010 ; and/or any devices (e.g., network card, modem, etc.) that enables the computer  1010  to communicate with one or more other computing devices. Such communication can occur via the Input/Output (I/O) interfaces  1022 . Still yet, the computer  1010  can communicate with one or more networks  1200  such as a local area network (LAN), a general wide area network (WAN), and/or a public network (e.g., the Internet) via network adapter/interface  1026 . As depicted, network adapter  1026  communicates with the other components of the computer  1010  via bus  1014 . It should be understood that although not shown, other hardware and/or software components could be used in conjunction with the computer  1010 . Examples, include, but are not limited to: microcode, device drivers  1024 , redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data archival storage systems, etc. 
     It is understood that a computer or a program running on the computer  1010  may communicate with a server, embodied as the server  1100 , via one or more communications networks, embodied as the communications network  1200 . The communications network  1200  may include transmission media and network links which include, for example, wireless, wired, or optical fiber, and routers, firewalls, switches, and gateway computers. The communications network may include connections, such as wire, wireless communication links, or fiber optic cables. A communications network may represent a worldwide collection of networks and gateways, such as the Internet, that use various protocols to communicate with one another, such as Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP), Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP), Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), etc. A network may also include a number of different types of networks, such as, for example, an intranet, a local area network (LAN), or a wide area network (WAN). 
     In one example, a computer can use a network which may access a website on the Web (World Wide Web) using the Internet. In one embodiment, a computer  1010 , including a mobile device, can use a communications system or network  1200  which can include the Internet, or a public switched telephone network (PSTN) for example, a cellular network. The PSTN may include telephone lines, fiber optic cables, transmission links, cellular networks, and communications satellites. The Internet may facilitate numerous searching and texting techniques, for example, using a cell phone or laptop computer to send queries to search engines via text messages (SMS), Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) (related to SMS), email, or a web browser. The search engine can retrieve search results, that is, links to websites, documents, or other downloadable data that correspond to the query, and similarly, provide the search results to the user via the device as, for example, a web page of search results. 
     The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computer program product at any possible technical detail level of integration. The computer program product may include a computer readable storage medium (or media) having computer readable program instructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of the present invention. 
     The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of the computer readable storage medium includes the following: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such as punch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructions recorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construed as being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses passing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmitted through a wire. 
     Computer readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computer readable storage medium or to an external computer or external storage device via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprise copper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium within the respective computing/processing device. 
     Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations of the present invention may be assembler instructions, instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data, configuration data for integrated circuitry, or either source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++, or the like, and procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user&#39;s computer, partly on the user&#39;s computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user&#39;s computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user&#39;s computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readable program instructions by utilizing state information of the computer readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present invention. 
     Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer readable program instructions. 
     These computer readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises an article of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects of the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted in the Figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be accomplished as one step, executed concurrently, substantially concurrently, in a partially or wholly temporally overlapping manner, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions. 
     It is to be understood that although this disclosure includes a detailed description on cloud computing, implementation of the teachings recited herein are not limited to a cloud computing environment. Rather, embodiments of the present invention are capable of being implemented in conjunction with any other type of computing environment now known or later developed. 
     Cloud computing is a model of service delivery for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, network bandwidth, servers, processing, memory, storage, applications, virtual machines, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or interaction with a provider of the service. This cloud model may include at least five characteristics, at least three service models, and at least four deployment models. 
     Characteristics are as follows: 
     On-demand self-service: a cloud consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with the service&#39;s provider. 
     Broad network access: capabilities are available over a network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs). 
     Resource pooling: the provider&#39;s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to demand. There is a sense of location independence in that the consumer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter). 
     Rapid elasticity: capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time. 
     Measured service: cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service. 
     Service Models are as follows: 
     Software as a Service (SaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider&#39;s applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser (e.g., web-based e-mail). The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings. 
     Platform as a Service (PaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including networks, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application hosting environment configurations. 
     Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls). 
     Deployment Models are as follows: 
     Private cloud: the cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party and may exist on-premises or off-premises. 
     Community cloud: the cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on-premises or off-premises. 
     Public cloud: the cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services. 
     Hybrid cloud: the cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load-balancing between clouds). 
     A cloud computing environment is service oriented with a focus on statelessness, low coupling, modularity, and semantic interoperability. At the heart of cloud computing is an infrastructure that includes a network of interconnected nodes. 
     Referring now to  FIG.  11   , illustrative cloud computing environment  2050  is depicted. As shown, cloud computing environment  2050  includes one or more cloud computing nodes  2010  with which local computing devices used by cloud consumers, such as, for example, personal digital assistant (PDA) or cellular telephone  2054 A, desktop computer  2054 B, laptop computer  2054 C, and/or automobile computer system  2054 N may communicate. Nodes  2010  may communicate with one another. They may be grouped (not shown) physically or virtually, in one or more networks, such as Private, Community, Public, or Hybrid clouds as described hereinabove, or a combination thereof. This allows cloud computing environment  2050  to offer infrastructure, platforms and/or software as services for which a cloud consumer does not need to maintain resources on a local computing device. It is understood that the types of computing devices  2054 A-N shown in  FIG.  9    are intended to be illustrative only and that computing nodes  2010  and cloud computing environment  2050  can communicate with any type of computerized device over any type of network and/or network addressable connection (e.g., using a web browser). 
     Referring now to  FIG.  12   , a set of functional abstraction layers provided by cloud computing environment  2050  ( FIG.  11   ) is shown. It should be understood in advance that the components, layers, and functions shown in  FIG.  12    are intended to be illustrative only and embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto. As depicted, the following layers and corresponding functions are provided: 
     Hardware and software layer  2060  includes hardware and software components. Examples of hardware components include: mainframes  2061 ; RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture based servers  2062 ; servers  2063 ; blade servers  2064 ; storage devices  2065 ; and networks and networking components  2066 . In some embodiments, software components include network application server software  2067  and database software  2068 . 
     Virtualization layer  2070  provides an abstraction layer from which the following examples of virtual entities may be provided: virtual servers  2071 ; virtual storage  2072 ; virtual networks  2073 , including virtual private networks; virtual applications and operating systems  2074 ; and virtual clients  2075 . 
     In one example, management layer  2080  may provide the functions described below. 
     Resource provisioning  2081  provides dynamic procurement of computing resources and other resources that are utilized to perform tasks within the cloud computing environment. Metering and Pricing  2082  provide cost tracking as resources are utilized within the cloud computing environment, and billing or invoicing for consumption of these resources. In one example, these resources may include application software licenses. Security provides identity verification for cloud consumers and tasks, as well as protection for data and other resources. User portal  2083  provides access to the cloud computing environment for consumers and system administrators. Service level management  2084  provides cloud computing resource allocation and management such that required service levels are met. Service Level Agreement (SLA) planning and fulfillment  2085  provide pre-arrangement for, and procurement of, cloud computing resources for which a future requirement is anticipated in accordance with an SLA. 
     Workloads layer  2090  provides examples of functionality for which the cloud computing environment may be utilized. Examples of workloads and functions which may be provided from this layer include: mapping and navigation  2091 ; software development and lifecycle management  2092 ; virtual classroom education delivery  2093 ; data analytics processing  2094 ; transaction processing  2095 ; and verifying a device location  2096 . 
     The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Likewise, examples of features or functionality of the embodiments of the disclosure described herein, whether used in the description of a particular embodiment, or listed as examples, are not intended to limit the embodiments of the disclosure described herein, or limit the disclosure to the examples described herein. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application or technical improvement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.