Patent Publication Number: US-2023140197-A1

Title: Electronic device and manufacturing method of electronic device

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims the priority benefit of U.S. application serial no. 63/273,153, filed on Oct. 29, 2021, and China application serial no. 202210945833.X, filed on Aug. 8, 2022. The entirety of each of the above-mentioned patent applications is hereby incorporated by reference herein and made a part of this specification. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Technical Field 
     The disclosure relates to an electronic device and a manufacturing method of the electronic device. 
     Description of Related Art 
     As the technology advances, electronic devices have been introduced to various products, such as an electronic device with micro-LEDs. This electronic device includes main pads and redundant pads. While the main pads are for setting the micro-LEDs, the redundant pads are for repairing the defective micro-LEDs (for example, when defects are found in a micro-LED, a new micro-LED would be disposed on the redundant pads). However, the redundant pads before the repair are not provided with any micro-LEDs and would reflect light like ambient light, thereby reducing the ambient contrast ratio of the electronic device. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the electronic device includes: a first substrate including multiple sub-pixels, and a first light-blocking element. One of the sub-pixels includes a first main pad, a first redundant pad, and a first light-emitting element. The first light-emitting element is disposed on the first main pad. The first light-blocking element and the first redundant pad overlap in a vertical direction of the first substrate. 
     According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a manufacturing method of an electronic device includes the following steps. First, a first substrate is provided, and the first substrate includes multiple sub-pixels. One of the sub-pixels includes a first main pad and a first redundant pad. Next, the first light-emitting elements are transferred to the first main pad of the sub-pixels. Then, the first light-emitting elements are inspected. After that, at least one second light-emitting element is transferred to part of the first redundant pad. Next, the first light-blocking elements are disposed, such that the first light-blocking elements overlap another part of the first redundant pads in a vertical direction of the first substrate. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
       The drawings are included for further understanding of the disclosure, and the drawings are incorporated into this specification and constitute part of this specification. The drawings illustrate the embodiments of the disclosure, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 E  are schematic top views illustrating a partial fabrication process of an electronic device according to an embodiment. 
         FIG.  2    is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first embodiment according to the line A-A′ in  FIG.  1 E . 
         FIG.  3    is a partial top view of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  4    is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment according to the line A-A′ in  FIG.  1 E . 
         FIG.  5    is a schematic cross-sectional view of a third embodiment according to the line A-A′ in  FIG.  1 E . 
         FIG.  6    is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment according to the line A-A′ in  FIG.  1 E . 
         FIG.  7    is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fifth embodiment according to the line A-A′ in  FIG.  1 E . 
         FIG.  8    is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sixth embodiment according to the line A-A′ in  FIG.  1 E . 
         FIG.  9    is a schematic cross-sectional view of a seventh embodiment according to the line A-A′ in  FIG.  1 E . 
         FIG.  10    is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first embodiment according to the line B-B′ in  FIG.  3   . 
         FIG.  11    is a schematic cross-sectional view of the second embodiment according to the line B-B′ in  FIG.  3   . 
         FIG.  12    is a schematic cross-sectional view of the third embodiment according to the line B-B′ in  FIG.  3   . 
         FIG.  13    is a schematic top view of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     The disclosure may be understood by referring to the following detailed description with reference to the drawings. For readers’ convenience and the brevity of drawings, the drawings of this disclosure only depict part of an electronic device, and the specific elements in the drawings may not be drawn according to actual scale. In addition, the number and size of each element in the drawings are only for schematic purposes and do not limit the scope of the disclosure. 
     When a structure (a layer, an element, or a substrate) in this disclosure is described to be “on” another structure (a layer, an element, or a substrate), it may refer to the two structures being adjacent and connected directly to each other, or it may refer to two structures being adjacent but connected indirectly. Indirect connection indicates that there is at least one intermediary structure (an intermediary layer, or an intermediary element, etc.) between the two structures, in which the lower side surface of a structure is adjacent to or directly connected to the upper side surface of the intermediate structure, and the upper side surface of the other structure is adjacent to or directly connected to the lower side surface of the intermediate structure, and the intermediary structure may be composed of a single-layer or multi-layer entity structure or a non-entity structure, to which the disclosure is not limited. In the disclosure, when a certain structure is disposed “on” other structures, it may mean that a certain structure is “directly” on other structures, or it indicates that a certain structure is “indirectly” on other structures, that is, there is at least one structure sandwiched between a certain structure and other structures. 
     The electrical connection or coupling described in the disclosure may refer to direct connection or indirect connection. Direct connection indicates that terminals of the elements of two circuits are directly connected or are connected to each other by a conductive line, whereas indirect connection indicates that, between the terminals of the elements of two circuits, there is a combination of at least one element like switches, diodes, capacitors, inductors, or other non-conductive line segments and at least one conductive segment or resistor, or a combination of at least two of the elements mentioned above and at least one conductive segment or resistor. 
     In this disclosure, the thickness, length, and width may be measured by an optical microscopy and/or scanning electron microscopy (SEM), but it is not limited thereto. In addition, there may be a certain margin in any two values or directions used for comparison. If the first value is equal to the second value, it implies that there may be a margin of about 10% between the first value and the second value; if the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, the angle between the first direction and the second direction may be between 80 degrees and 100 degrees; if the first direction is parallel to the second direction, the angle between the first direction and the second direction may be between 0 degrees and 10 degrees. 
     Terms such as “about,” “approximately,” “substantially,” and “generally” in the text usually mean it is within 10%, 5%, 3%, or 2%, 1%, or 0.5% of a given value or range. 
     Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numerals are used in the drawings and description to refer to the same or like parts. 
     In the following embodiments, features in several different embodiments may be replaced, recombined, and mixed to create other embodiments without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. As long as the features of the various embodiments do not violate the spirit of the disclosure or conflict with each other, they may be mixed and matched at will. 
     In the disclosure, the electronic device includes a display device, a touch display device, a light-emitting device, an antenna device, a sensing device, a splicing device, or any suitable electronic device, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     The electronic device includes a light-emitting diode (LEDs), such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), micro-LED or mini-LED, a material of quantum dots (QDs), quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLED or QDLED), fluorescent materials, phosphor materials, other suitable materials, or a combination thereof, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     In addition, the electronic device may be a color display device or a monochrome display device, and the shape of the electronic device may be rectangular, circular, polygonal, a shape with curved edges, or other suitable shapes. In the disclosure, the electronic device is exemplified as a color electronic device in the shape of a rectangle, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
       FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 E  are schematic top views of a partial manufacturing process of an electronic device according to an embodiment, and  FIG.  2    is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first embodiment according to the line A-A′ in  FIG.  1 E . This flowchart only serves as an example, and is not intended to limit the steps of manufacturing the electronic device. 
     As shown in  FIG.  1 A  to  FIG.  1 E  and  FIG.  2   , the embodiment provides a manufacturing method of an electronic device  10   a . 
     First, in  FIG.  1 A , a substrate  100  is provided, and the substrate  100  includes a plurality of sub-pixels SP, and the sub-pixels SP form a pixel P. In some embodiments, the substrate  100  is a circuit substrate. The circuit substrate may, for example, include a substrate and active components, passive components, signal lines, or other suitable electronic components disposed on the substrate. The material of the substrate includes, for example, glass, plastic, or a combination thereof, and the signal lines are, for example, a combination of scan lines, data lines, and power lines, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. The sub-pixels SP of the substrate  100  are, for example, arranged in an array, interleaved with one another (e.g., the pentile layout), or in other configuration, to which the disclosure is not limited. In this embodiment, one of the sub-pixels SP includes a main pad MP and a redundant pad RP. The main pad MP and the redundant pad RP include, for example, metal, metal oxide, or other suitable conductive materials, so as to be electrically connected to the substrate  100  (a circuit substrate) respectively. The main pad MP includes, for example, two pad patterns MP 1  and MP 2  that are separated from each other, and the redundant pad RP also includes, for example, two pad patterns RP 1  and RP 2  that are separated from each other. In some embodiments, the pad patterns MP 1  and the pad patterns MP 2  are disposed along a first direction d1, and the pad patterns RP 1  and the pad patterns RP 2  are also disposed along the first direction d1. In some embodiments, the main pad MP and the redundant pad RP in one sub-pixel SP are disposed along the first direction d1, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     Next, as shown in  FIG.  1 B , the light-emitting elements LE 1  are transferred to the main pad MP of the sub-pixels SP. In some embodiments, the light-emitting elements LE 1  may be disposed on the main pad MP by mass transfer, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the light-emitting elements LE 1  are disposed along a second direction d2, and the second direction d2 is orthogonal to the first direction d1, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. The light-emitting elements LE 1  may, for example, emit light of various suitable colors (e.g., blue light) or UV light, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the light-emitting element LE 1  includes a self-luminous material. For example, in this embodiment, the light-emitting element LE 1  may be a light-emitting diode (LED), including materials like organic light-emitting diode (OLED), micro-LED, mini-LED, or QDs (QLED or QDLED, for example), fluorescence, phosphor, or other suitable materials, and the materials may be arranged and combined at will, and the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     In some embodiments, one sub-pixel SP includes one light-emitting element LE 1 , three sub-pixels SP form one pixel P, and the light-emitting elements LE 1  in the three sub-pixels SP respectively emit light of different colors, such as red, green, and blue light, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the number of sub-pixels SP and/or light-emitting elements LE 1  in each pixel P and their corresponding color emission may be adjusted according to the actual design. 
     Next, in  FIG.  1 C , the light-emitting elements LE 1  are inspected. In some embodiments, visual inspection and/or electrical inspection may be performed on the light-emitting element LE 1  in the sub-pixel SP to inspect whether the sub-pixel SP has a defective pixel. This may be done, for example, by using automated optical inspection (AOI) to perform an appearance inspection on the light-emitting elements LE 1  to observe whether the light-emitting elements LE 1  have appearance defects, such as damage, scratches, and offsets; alternatively, an Open/Short test (O/S test) may perform, for example; an electrical inspection on the light-emitting elements LE 1  to check the light quality of the light-emitting elements LE 1 . In this embodiment, when a light-emitting element LE 1  in at least one sub-pixel SP is found to have a defect, it may be marked as a defective light-emitting element LE 1 ′. It should be noted that the sub-pixel SP includes a sub-pixel SP 1  and a sub-pixel SP 2 . In the embodiment, the sub-pixel SP 1  is defined to include the light-emitting element LE 1  that function normally, and the sub-pixel SP 2  is defined to include the defective light-emitting element LE 1 ′. 
     Then, as shown in  FIG.  1 D , at least one light-emitting element LE 2  is transferred to part of the redundant pads RP. In some embodiments, when the light-emitting element LE 1  in at least one sub-pixel SP is found to have a defect, the light-emitting element LE 2  may also be disposed on the redundant pad RP in the sub-pixels SP by, but not limited to, mass transfer for repair, and the light-emitting element LE 2  is adjacent to the defective light-emitting element LE 1 ′ in the first direction d1. Note that the light-emitting element LE 1 ′ may be defective due to situations such as the defective light emission of the light-emitting element LE 1 ′ itself, a defective main pad MP, or poor electrical connection between the light-emitting element LE 1  and the main pad MP, to which the disclosure is not limited. 
     Next, in  FIG.  1 E , a plurality of light-blocking elements B 1  are disposed to overlap another part of the redundant pads RP in the vertical direction n of the substrate  100 . After at least one light-emitting element LE 2  is transferred to part of the redundant pads RP, the light-blocking elements B 1  are disposed onto the redundant pads RP that are not provided with the light-emitting element LE 2 . In some embodiments, the light-blocking element B 1  is in contact with the redundant pad RP. In this embodiment, the light-blocking elements B 1  are disposed by using, but not limited to, automatic optical inspection and inkjet technology. For example, the substrate  100  is photographed by an automatic optical inspection device (not shown), or an suitable optical inspection procedure may be performed, to obtain one or more images, and these images are then recognized and marked or classified, thereby obtaining the positions of the redundant pads RP that are not provided with the light-emitting element LE 2 . Next, an inkjet process is performed on the substrate  100  by using an inkjet printing device (not shown), so as to set the light-blocking element B 1  on the position where the redundant pad RP of the light-emitting element LE 2  is not provided, and the light-blocking element B 1  covers, for example, the redundant pad RP. In some embodiments, the surface of the light-blocking element B 1  (the surface away from the substrate  100 ) formed by the inkjet process has, for example, a circular arc shape, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. The light-blocking element B 1  is, for example, a black light-blocking layer, and the material of the light-blocking element B 1  includes, for example, a photocurable material, a thermally cured material, or a combination thereof. In this embodiment, the material of the light-blocking element B 1  includes, but is not limited to, matte black ink, such that it appears matte black when viewed by the user to reduce the light reflected by the redundant pad RP not provided with the light-emitting element LE 2 , such that the electronic device  10   a  has a high ambient contrast ratio. It is worth noting that, after the light-blocking elements B 1  are provided, the light-emitting element LE 2  may be subjected to the appearance inspection and/or the electrical inspection by, for example, using an open-circuit and short-circuit test, but this disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     In some embodiments, the light-emitting element LE 1  has, for example, a first electrode E 1 , a second electrode E 2 , and an epitaxial layer ES, as shown in  FIG.  2   . The surface LE 1 _S of the epitaxial layer ES away from the substrate  100  defines, for example, the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting element LE 1 , and the first electrode E 1  and the second electrode E 2  may be disposed, for example, on the surface opposite to the surface LE 1 _S of the epitaxial layer ES to be electrically connected respectively to the pad pattern MP 1  and the pad pattern MP 2  of the main pad MP. In this embodiment, the light-emitting element LE 1  includes a flip-chip micro-LED, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the light-emitting element LE 1  includes a vertical micro-LED or a horizontal micro-LED. The light-emitting element LE 2  is, for example, the same as or similar to the light-emitting element LE 1 , and therefore details thereof are not described again. 
     In some embodiments, a pixel definition layer PDL is disposed on the substrate  100 , as shown in  FIG.  2   . The pixel definition layer PDL defines, for example, a plurality of openings OP 1  for setting the light-emitting element LE 1  and a plurality of openings OP 2  for the pad pattern RP 1  and the pad pattern RP 2 . The light-blocking layer B 1  covers and/or contacts the pad pattern RP 1  and the pad pattern RP 2 . The material of the pixel definition layer PDL includes, for example, organic materials, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the material of the pixel definition layer PDL has photosensitive properties, which may be formed by a patterning process. Additionally, in some embodiments, the pixel definition layer PDL has, for example, hydrophobicity. 
     In some embodiments, the substrate  100  is provided with a filling layer FL, as shown in  FIG.  2   . The filling layer FL is disposed, for example, in the opening OP 1  defined by the pixel definition layer PDL and is adjacent to or surrounding the light-emitting element LE 1 . The filling layer FL may be used, for example, to fix or protect the light-emitting element LE 1 . In some embodiments, the maximum distance between the upper surface (the surface away from the substrate  100 ) of the filling layer FL and the substrate  100  in the vertical direction n may be, for example, smaller than the maximum distance between the surface LE 1 _S (the surface away from the substrate  100 ) of the light-emitting element LE 1  and the substrate  100  in the vertical direction n, as shown in  FIG.  2   , but the disclosure is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the maximum distance between the filling layer FL and the substrate  100  may be, for example, greater than or equal to the maximum distance between the surface LE 1 _S of the light-emitting element LE 1  and the substrate  100 . In some embodiments, the filling layer FL includes a transparent material, a non-transparent material, or a combination thereof, and has a light-blocking characteristic. For example, the material of the filling layer FL includes epoxy resin, acrylic, other suitable materials, or a combination thereof. 
     Although the manufacturing method of the electronic device  10   a  of the embodiment is described using the above process as an example, the manufacturing method of the electronic device  10   a  of the disclosure is not limited thereto. The above steps may be deleted or added with other steps as needed. The above steps may also be adjusted in order according to requirements. 
       FIG.  3    is a partial top view of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The embodiment of  FIG.  3    may adopt the reference numbers and part of the content of the embodiment of  FIG.  1 E . As the same or similar numbers refer to the same or similar elements, the description of the same technical content is omitted hereinafter. 
     As shown in  FIG.  3   , the main difference between the electronic device  10   b  of this embodiment and the electronic device  10   a  is that the electronic device  10   b  further includes at least one light-blocking element B 2 . In addition to providing the light-blocking elements B 1 , at least one light-blocking element B 2  is also disposed, such that the light-blocking element B 2  and the defective light-emitting element LE 1 ′ overlap in the vertical direction n of the substrate  100  to reduce the light that may be reflected by the defective light-emitting element LE 1 ′, such that the electronic device  10   b  has a high ambient contrast ratio. As the materials of the light-blocking element B 2  and the light-blocking element B 1  and the forming techniques thereof may be the same or similar, the same is not repeated herein. 
       FIG.  4    is a schematic cross-sectional view of the second embodiment according to the line A-A′ in  FIG.  1 E .The embodiment of  FIG.  4    may adopt the reference numbers and part of the content of the embodiment of  FIG.  2   . As the same or similar numbers refer to the same or similar elements, the description of the same technical content is omitted hereinafter. 
     As shown in  FIG.  4   , the main difference between the electronic device  10   c  of this embodiment and the electronic device  10   a  is that the light-blocking element B 1 ′ is a combination of at least two of a red filter layer, a green filter layer, and a blue filter layer. The light-blocking element B 1 ′ may include a stack structure with at least two of the red filter layer, the green filter layer, and the blue filter layer, such that the light-blocking element B 1 ′ is able to have the effect of the light-blocking element B 1 . In other words, the electronic device  10   c  of this embodiment also has a display screen with high ambient contrast ratio, high light extraction efficiency, and/or wide color gamut. Although  FIG.  4    shows that the light-blocking element B 1 ′ is a three-layer stack structure with the red filter layer B 11 ′, the green filter layer B 12 ′ and the blue filter layer B 13 ′, and that the red filter layer B 11 ′ is in contact with the pad pattern RP 1  and the pad pattern RP 2 , the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
       FIG.  5    is a schematic cross-sectional view of the third embodiment according to the line A-A′ in  FIG.  1 E .The embodiment of  FIG.  5    may adopt the reference numbers and part of the content of the embodiment of  FIG.  2   . As the same or similar numbers refer to the same or similar elements, the description of the same technical content is omitted hereinafter. 
     As shown in  FIG.  5   , the main difference between the electronic device  10   d  of this embodiment and the electronic device  10   a  is that the electronic device  10   d  includes a color filter layer CF 1 . The color filter layer CF 1  is specifically disposed on the surface LE 1 _S (i.e., the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting element LE 1 ), and the substrate  100  at least partially overlaps the light-emitting element LE 1  in the vertical direction n, and the color of the light emitted by the light-emitting element LE 1  may be adjusted or converted thereby. The color filter layer CF 1  includes, for example, a red filter layer, a green filter layer, a blue filter layer, or other suitable color filter layers, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the light-emitting element LE 1  emits blue light, and the color filter layer CF 1  is a green filter layer, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
       FIG.  6    is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fourth embodiment according to the line A-A′ in  FIG.  1 E .The embodiment of  FIG.  6    may adopt the reference numbers and part of the content of the embodiment of  FIG.  5   . As the same or similar numbers refer to the same or similar elements, the description of the same technical content is omitted hereinafter. 
     As shown in  FIG.  6   , the main difference between the electronic device  10   e  of this embodiment and the electronic device  10   d  is that the electronic device  10   e  includes a color filter layer CF 2 , and the color filter layer CF 2  is disposed between the redundant pad RP and the light-blocking element B 1 . Before performing the step of disposing the light-blocking elements B 1 , the color filter layer CF 2  and the color filter layer CF 1  may be formed in the same process, such that the color filter layer CF 2  is disposed in the opening OP 2  defined by the pixel definition layer PDL. Therefore, the color filter layer CF 2  may, for example, at least partially cover and/or contact the redundant pad RP in the opening OP 2 . After the light-blocking elements B 1  are formed, the light-blocking elements B 1  disposed in the openings OP 2  overlap, for example, the color filter layer CF 2  in the vertical direction n of the substrate  100 . 
       FIG.  7    is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fifth embodiment according to the line A-A′ in  FIG.  1 E . The embodiment of  FIG.  7    may adopt the reference numbers and part of the content of the embodiment of  FIG.  2   . As the same or similar numbers refer to the same or similar elements, the description of the same technical content is omitted hereinafter. 
     As shown in  FIG.  7   , the main difference between the electronic device  10   f  of this embodiment and the electronic device  10   a  is that the electronic device  10   f  further includes an opposite substrate  200 . In this embodiment, the opposite substrate  200  is disposed opposite to the substrate  100 . In some embodiments, a light-blocking pattern layer BM and the color filter layers CF 1  and CF 2  are disposed on the surface of the opposite substrate  200  facing the substrate  100 . The light-blocking pattern layer BM is adjacent to or surrounds the color filter layers CF 1   and CF 2 , for example. In some embodiments, the light-blocking pattern layer BM has a plurality of openings BM_OP 1  and BM_OP 2  to form a grid structure, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. The material of the light-blocking pattern layer BM includes, for example, black resin, black photoresist, metal, or a combination thereof, which is not limited in the disclosure. In some embodiments, the color filter layer CF 1  and the color filter layer CF 2  are respectively disposed in the openings BM_OP 1  and BM_OP 2  of the light-blocking pattern layer BM. In some embodiments, the openings BM_OP 1  and BM_OP 2  of the light-blocking pattern layer BM at least partially and respectively overlap the openings OP 1  and OP 2  defined by the pixel definition layer PDL in the vertical direction n of the substrate  100 . In addition, in this embodiment, an adhesive layer AL is further provided between the substrate  100  and the opposite substrate  200 . The material of the adhesive layer AL includes optical clear resin (OCR) or optical clear adhesive (OCA), such as acrylic resin, silicone resin, epoxy resin, other suitable materials, or a combination thereof, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, in addition to the function of adhering the substrate  100  and the opposite substrate  200  to each other, the adhesive layer AL may also have water and oxygen blocking properties, protection properties, or other properties, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
       FIG.  8    is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sixth embodiment according to the line A-A′ in  FIG.  1 E .The embodiment of  FIG.  8    may adopt the reference numbers and part of the content of the embodiment of  FIG.  7   . As the same or similar numbers refer to the same or similar elements, the description of the same technical content is omitted hereinafter. 
     As shown in  FIG.  8   , the main difference between the electronic device  10   g  of this embodiment and the electronic device  10   f  is that the electronic device  10   g  further includes a wavelength conversion layer WT 1 , a wavelength conversion layer WT 2 , and a barrier layer BANK. Similar to the light-blocking pattern layer BM, the barrier layer BANK has multiple openings, such as openings BK_OP 1  and BK_OP 2 . And the openings BK_OP 1  and BK_OP 2   of the barrier layer BANK may respectively correspond to the openings BM_OP 1  and BM_OP 2  of the light-blocking pattern layer BM. The wavelength conversion layer WT 1  is provided, for example, between the color filter layer CF 1  and the light-emitting element LE 1 . In this embodiment, the wavelength conversion layer WT 1  is disposed in the opening BK_OP 1  of the barrier layer BANK, the color filter layer CF 1  is disposed between the wavelength conversion layer WT 1  and the opposite substrate  200 , and the wavelength conversion layer WT 1  overlaps the color filter layer CF 1  in the vertical direction n of the substrate  100 . In some embodiments, the material of the wavelength converting layer WT 1  includes quantum dot materials, phosphor materials, fluorescent materials, other suitable wavelength converting materials, or a combination thereof. In other words, the wavelength conversion layer WT 1  may convert the light emitted from the light-emitting element LE 1  into light having another wavelength. In some embodiments, the wavelength range converted by the wavelength conversion layer WT may approximately correspond to the color of the color filter layer CF 1 . For example, in the vertical direction n of the substrate  100 , the red wavelength conversion layer overlaps the red filter layer can overlap, the green wavelength conversion layer overlaps the green filter layer, and the blue wavelength conversion layer overlaps the blue filter layer, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. The wavelength conversion layer WT 2  is, for example, disposed in the opening BK_OP 2  of the barrier layer BANK, and the color filter layer CF 2  is disposed between the wavelength conversion layer WT 2  and the opposite substrate  200 . The wavelength conversion layer WT 2  overlaps the color filter layer CF 2  in the vertical direction n of the substrate  100 . The wavelength conversion layer WT 2  may be, for example, the same as or similar to the wavelength conversion layer WT 1 , and thus details are not repeated hereinafter. It should be noted that, it is also possible to not provide a wavelength conversion layer WT 2  in other embodiments. 
       FIG.  9    is a schematic cross-sectional view of the seventh embodiment according to the line A-A′ in  FIG.  1 E .The embodiment of  FIG.  9    may adopt the reference numbers and part of the content of the embodiment of  FIG.  7   . As the same or similar numbers refer to the same or similar elements, the description of the same technical content is omitted hereinafter. 
     As shown in  FIG.  9   , the main difference between the electronic device  10   h  of this embodiment and the electronic device  10   f  is that the light-blocking element B 1  is disposed on the opposite substrate  200 . The light-blocking element B 1  is disposed, for example, between the adhesive layer AL and the opposite substrate  200 , and at least overlaps the redundant pad RP that is not provided with the light-emitting element in the vertical direction n of the substrate  100 . As shown in  FIG.  9   , the light-blocking element B 1  may be partially in contact with the color filter layer CF 2  and/or the light-blocking pattern layer BM, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. 
       FIG.  10    is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first embodiment according to the line B-B′ in  FIG.  3   . 
     As shown in  FIG.  10   , in the electronic device  10   i  of the embodiment, a defective light-emitting element LE 1 ′ of the sub-pixel SP 2  is disposed on the main pad MP, and the normal light-emitting element LE 2  is disposed on the redundant pad RP. As described in the foregoing embodiments, when it is found that the light-emitting element LE 1  in at least one sub-pixel SP has a defect, the light-emitting element LE 2  is transferred to the sub-pixels SP, and the light-emitting element LE 2  is adjacent to the defective light-emitting element LE 1 ′ in the first direction d1. In this embodiment, the color filter layer CF 1  and the color filter layer CF 2  are respectively formed on the surface LE 1 ′_S of the defective light-emitting element LE 1 ′ and the surface LE 2 _S of the light-emitting element LE 2 , and the light-blocking element B 2  covers and/or contacts the color filter layer CF 1  and overlaps the defective light-emitting element LE 1 ′ in the vertical direction n of the substrate  100 . From another perspective, the color filter layer CF 1  is disposed between the light-blocking element B 2  and the defective light-emitting element LE 1 ′. 
       FIG.  11    is a schematic cross-sectional view of the second embodiment according to the line B-B′ in  FIG.  3   . The embodiment of  FIG.  11    may adopt the reference numbers and part of the content of the embodiments of  FIG.  7    and  FIG.  10   . As the same or similar numbers refer to the same or similar elements, the description of the same technical content is omitted hereinafter. 
     As shown in  FIG.  11   , the main difference between the electronic device  10   j  of this embodiment and the electronic device  10   i  is that the electronic device  10   j  further includes an opposite substrate  200 , and the color filter layers CF 1  and CF 2  and the light-blocking element B 2  are disposed on the opposite substrate  200 . In this embodiment, the opposite substrate  200  is disposed opposite to the substrate  100 . In some embodiments, the light-blocking pattern layer BM and the color filter layers CF 1  and CF 2  are disposed on the surface of the opposite substrate  200  facing the substrate  100 . The light-blocking element B 2  is, for example, disposed between the opposite substrate  200  and the defective light-emitting element LE 1 ′, and the light-blocking element B 2  contacts the color filter layer CF 1  and overlaps the defective light-emitting element LE 1 ′ in the vertical direction n of the substrate  100 . In addition, in this embodiment, an adhesive layer AL is further provided between the substrate  100  and the opposite substrate  200 . 
       FIG.  12    is a schematic cross-sectional view of the third embodiment according to the line B-B′ in  FIG.  3   . The embodiment of  FIG.  12    may adopt the reference numbers and part of the content of the embodiment of  FIG.  11   . As the same or similar numbers refer to the same or similar elements, the description of the same technical content is omitted hereinafter. 
     As shown in  FIG.  12   , the main difference between the electronic device  10   k  of this embodiment and the electronic device  10   j  is that the light-blocking element B 2  is disposed on the substrate  100 . The light-blocking element B 2  contacts the surface LE 1 ′_S of the defective light-emitting element LE 1 ′ and overlaps the defective light-emitting element LE 1 ′ in the vertical direction n of the substrate  100 . 
       FIG.  13    is a schematic top view of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the disclosure. 
     As shown in  FIG.  13   , the electronic device  20  includes a pixel group PG, and the pixel group PG includes a plurality of pixels P disposed in an array, but the arrangement of the pixels P is not limited to what is shown in  FIG.  13   . In this embodiment, most (e.g., more than or equal to 90% of the total number of pixels P) of the light-emitting elements in the pixels P of the pixel group PG operate normally (the light-emitting element LE 1 ). Also, in this embodiment, at least one light-emitting element in the pixels P of a small part (e.g., less than or equal to 10% of the total number of pixels P) of the pixel group PG is found defective (the defective light-emitting element LE 1 ′), and the pixels P are therefore provided with the light-emitting element LE 2  to replace the defective light-emitting elements LE 1 ′. However, the light-emitting elements LE 1  and LE 2  in the pixels P are interleaved in the second direction d2. 
     According to the above, in some embodiments of the disclosure, as the electronic device includes the light-blocking element B 1  that overlaps the redundant pad and/or the light-blocking element B 2  that overlaps the defective light-emitting element LE 1 ′ in the vertical direction of the substrate, the light reflected by the redundant pads and/or the defective light-emitting element LE 1 ′ may be reduced, such that the electronic device has a high ambient contrast ratio. In other embodiments of the disclosure, materials with high reflectivity and/or low transmittance may be selected as or added to the material of the light-blocking element, such that the electronic device can have a display screen with high light extraction efficiency and/or wide color gamut. In still other embodiments of the disclosure, the light-blocking element may overlap the defective light-emitting element in the vertical direction of the substrate to achieve the effects mentioned above. 
     The embodiments above only serve to illustrate, and not to limit, the technical solutions of the disclosure. Although the disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that it is possible to combine and modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to replace some or all of the equivalent technical features. However, these combinations, modifications, or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the disclosure.