Patent Publication Number: US-2020276748-A1

Title: Electrically powered crimp tool

Description:
CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application claims priority upon and is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/429,978 filed Feb. 10, 2017, which is a continuation-in-part (CIP) of U.S. Ser. No. 15/379,105 filed Dec. 14, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,512,964. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The present subject matter relates to electrically powered crimp tools and particularly, crimp tools for plastic crimping applications. The present subject matter also relates to jaw assemblies for use in crimp tools, methods of using the crimp tools, and methods of detecting completion of a crimping operation, and avoiding partial crimps. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Crosslinked polyethylene tubing (PEX) is widely used in plumbing applications for potable water. In such systems, connections are made using fittings which are crimped in place. There are currently many tools available for this application which can be categorized into three groups as follows. 
     Battery powered hydraulic tools are known. However, these tools are much more common for pressing metal systems as compared to applications involving pressing or crimping plastic systems. This is likely a result of the relatively high forces needed for metal systems and that are attainable using hydraulic systems. 
     Manual tools are also known. These tools are by far the most common for plastic crimping applications. The configurations of these tools are similar to various pliers used for other applications. A toggle or “over-center” mechanism is typically used to achieve mechanical advantage in these designs. However, these tools can lead to significant operator discomfort and exhaustion for applications in which many crimps must be made. 
     Battery powered mechanical tools for crimping have been proposed. A few tools exist which use a screw mechanism to apply force to a toggle mechanism similar to that used in manual tools. 
     Although satisfactory in many respects, a need remains for a battery powered crimp tool which overcomes various disadvantages associated with currently known crimp tools. 
     SUMMARY 
     The difficulties and drawbacks associated with previous approaches are addressed in the present subject matter as follows. 
     In one aspect, the present subject matter provides a jaw assembly adapted for engagement with a powered displaceable member. The jaw assembly comprises a first jaw and a second jaw which are positionable between a closed position and an open position. The jaw assembly also comprises a cam linkage member pivotally coupled to the first jaw by a cam pivot pin. The jaw assembly also comprises a lever coupled to the first jaw. The lever and the cam linkage member are positioned and configured such that the first jaw and the second jaw can be positioned toward the open position from the closed position by manually moving the lever so as to contact the cam linkage member and pivot the cam linkage member about the cam pivot pin. Each of the first jaw and the second jaw include at least one protruding member that projects from a working surface of a respective jaw. The protruding member is configured to react against forces exerted on die inserts when such die inserts are positioned along the working surface of each of the first and second jaws. 
     In another aspect, the present subject matter provides a handheld crimp tool comprising a tool housing defining a rear housing end and a generally hollow interior adapted for enclosing and supporting at least a portion of the components of the tool. The crimp tool also comprises an electric motor disposed and supported within the tool housing. The crimp tool additionally comprises a planetary roller screw assembly disposed and supported within the tool housing. The screw assembly is engaged with the motor and includes a nut and a screw threadedly engaged with the nut. Upon rotation of one of the nut and the screw, the other of the nut and the screw is linearly and axially displaced. The crimp tool also comprises a movable clevis engageable with one of the nut and the screw. The crimp tool further comprises a jaw assembly including (i) a first jaw and a second jaw which are positionable between a closed position and an open position, (ii) a cam linkage member pivotally coupled to the first jaw by a cam pivot pin, and (iii) a lever coupled to the first jaw. The lever and the cam linkage member are positioned and configured such that the first jaw and the second jaw can be positioned toward the open position from the closed position by manually moving the lever so as to contact the cam linkage member and pivot the cam linkage member about the cam pivot pin. 
     As will be realized, the subject matter described herein is capable of other and different embodiments and its several details are capable of modifications in various respects, all without departing from the claimed subject matter. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative and not restrictive. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a graph comparing forces and travel for a typical copper pressing operation and a typical PEX pressing operation. 
         FIG. 2  is a graph of force versus travel associated with a representative system providing a mechanical advantage. 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic partial cross sectional view of an embodiment of a jaw assembly in accordance with the present subject matter. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a user holding an embodiment of a tool in accordance with the present subject matter, and depicts a typical hand position relative to components of the tool and its jaw assembly. 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic cross sectional view of an embodiment of a tool in accordance with the present subject matter. 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic cross sectional view of an embodiment of a roller screw assembly used in various tools of the present subject matter. 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a tool in accordance with the present subject matter illustrating various aspects of the tool. 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic cut away view of the tool depicted in  FIG. 7  showing additional aspects of the tool. 
         FIG. 9  is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a jaw assembly in accordance with the present subject matter showing the jaws in a closed position. 
         FIG. 10  is a schematic illustration of the jaw assembly of  FIG. 9  in an open position. 
         FIG. 11  is a schematic illustration of the jaws of the assembly of  FIG. 9  shown without linkage members, a lever, and die inserts. 
         FIG. 12  is a detailed and representative view of a jaw assembly of a tool in accordance with the present subject matter, positioned about a workpiece after completion of a crimp. 
         FIG. 13  is a graph of electrical current over time during a typical crimping operation using a tool of the present subject matter. 
         FIG. 14  is a perspective end view illustrating a light assembly optionally provided along the jaws of a tool in accordance with the present subject matter. 
         FIG. 15  is a detailed schematic view depicting an optional flexible element to reduce potential binding of an actuator assembly. 
         FIG. 16  is a schematic cross sectional view of an alternate roller screw assembly used in tools of the present subject matter. 
         FIG. 17  is a schematic cross sectional view of a tool using the alternate roller screw assembly illustrated in  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 18  is an exploded assembly view of the alternate assembly of  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 19  is a schematic cross sectional view of another alternate roller screw assembly used in tools of the present subject matter. 
         FIG. 20  is an exploded assembly view of the alternate assembly of  FIG. 19 . 
         FIG. 21  is a schematic cross sectional view of another alternate roller screw assembly used in tools of the present subject matter. 
         FIG. 22  is a schematic cross sectional view of a tool using the alternate roller screw assembly illustrated in  FIG. 21 . 
         FIG. 23  is an exploded assembly view of the alternate assembly of  FIG. 21 . 
         FIG. 24  is a schematic cross sectional view of another alternate roller screw assembly used in tools of the present subject matter. 
         FIG. 25  is an exploded assembly view of the alternate assembly of  FIG. 24 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     Each of the tools or categories of tools noted in the background presents problems to which the present subject matter is addressed. 
     Battery powered hydraulic tools provide significantly greater force than is typically necessary for applications involving plastic crimping. For this reason, tools in this category are heavier and more costly than is practical or required for the application. Battery powered hydraulic tools also occupy a relatively large amount of space and are difficult for users to use in small or confined spaces. The present subject matter tools are lower in cost and more compact than currently available battery powered hydraulic tools. 
     The manual tools available are small and low cost, but require excessive amounts of user effort. Because approximately 100 crimps or more might be needed on a single job, the present subject matter tools solve the problem of user fatigue and improve productivity. 
     All currently known crimp tools employing a screw design, use a ball screw configuration. In contrast, the present subject matter tools use a planetary roller screw. This configuration allows for greater contact area between force transmitting components, e.g., screw and nut components. Thus, greater forces can be generated and/or transmitted with a smaller screw, with less wear, and with less heat generation as compared to corresponding crimp tools using a conventional ball screw configuration. 
     PEX crimps are unique from other forms of crimping in that the force required during the crimp increases rapidly as a function of travel. Although the force also increases with travel when crimping metal systems, e.g., copper or steel, the increase is more gradual and occurs earlier in the travel of the tool.  FIG. 1  illustrates a comparison of a direct acting copper press operation and a PEX press operation. Not only is the overall force requirement greater for the copper press operation, but the work performed, i.e. the area under the curve, is also greater for the copper press operation because the force required increases over the entire range of displacement. 
     The difference between these force requirements results in a different jaw design strategy for each application. Jaws for metal systems typically utilize a linear cam design so that a relatively constant amount of force is applied after the crimp is initiated. That is, the mechanical advantage of the press jaw is somewhat constant. On the other hand, a toggle mechanism is typically used for crimping PEX because the mechanical advantage increases exponentially.  FIG. 2  is a representative plot of force versus travel for a toggle system providing a mechanical advantage. A comparison of this plot to the curves in  FIG. 1  reveals that the plot of  FIG. 2  is similar in form to the force requirement of the PEX system illustrated in  FIG. 1 . A consequence of utilizing a toggle mechanism for a PEX crimping tool is that the peak linear force provided can be much less than the peak linear force that would otherwise result from using a cam based jaw design. Because the peak linear force is the most significant factor that determines the overall size and weight of a pressing or crimping tool, it is highly advantageous to use a toggle mechanism for PEX crimping applications in which requirements for peak linear force are not as great as compared to the requirements for crimping metal systems. 
     Despite the clear size and weight advantage of the toggle mechanism, a new problem is introduced by using a toggle mechanism in a pressing or crimping tool. Although other screw and toggle designs exist, these use a fixed coupling between the screw and clevis. This results in the jaws being biased open before the crimp is started. This is not a preferred operation for users because during a typical crimping operation, a user typically places a jaw assembly onto a fitting to ensure proper alignment before completing the crimp. Thus, press jaws are typically biased to a closed position with a spring for this reason. If users are unable to ensure proper alignment prior to crimp completion, then users need to advance the jaws under power and improper crimps are likely to result. In view of this concern, certain embodiments of tools of the present subject matter utilize a modified toggle mechanism in which the screw is not fixed to the clevis of the toggle mechanism and the assembly is biased such that the jaws are urged toward a closed position. 
     Another consequence of utilizing a mechanism that provides a relatively large mechanical advantage near or at the end of a pressing or crimping operation relates to opening the jaws. The high mechanical advantage of such a system at the end of a crimp does not allow a user to simply press on an outward facing portion of one of the press jaws to open the jaws and disengage the fitting. Thus, certain embodiments of the tools of the present subject matter include a lever which engages a cam assembly protruding from one of the toggle links of the jaw assembly. When the lever is pressed, a rotational moment is produced at a pivot between the link and the jaw. This causes a clevis spring to be displaced and the jaw to open. The cam of the toggle link is configured so that the lever provides direct force at or near the pin location. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , a schematic partial cross sectional view of an embodiment of a jaw assembly in accordance with the present subject matter is illustrated.  FIG. 3  illustrates a jaw assembly  30  comprising a first jaw  32 , a second jaw  34 , and a jaw frame  36  to which each jaw  32 ,  34  is pivotally coupled by jaw pins  31  and  33 , respectively. The jaw assembly  30  also comprises a linkage assembly that includes a cam linkage member  38  which is pivotally affixed to the jaw  32  by a jaw pin  35 , and pivotally affixed to a clevis assembly  130  by a jaw pin  37 . The clevis  130  is linearly displaced along or within a guide slot  66  upon actuation of a motor and roller screw assembly described in greater detail herein. The guide slot  66  is defined within one or more frame members of the jaw assembly  30 . In many embodiments, the jaw assembly  30  also comprises a lever  42  that is pivotally supported at the jaw pin  31  of the first jaw  32 . The lever  42  is positioned and configured to selectively contact a region of the cam linkage member  38 , as described in greater detail herein. After performing a crimp operation such that the jaws  32 ,  34  are in a closed position as shown in  FIG. 3 , a user can easily open the jaws  32 ,  34  by pressing the lever  42  in the direction of arrow A. Pressing the lever  42 , applies a rotational moment to the cam linkage member  38 , which in turn linearly displaces the clevis  130  to move away from the jaws  32 ,  34 , i.e., in the direction of arrow B, thereby opening the jaws. 
     In view of these and other features, the tools of the present subject matter exhibit significantly improved usability and are more suitable for one handed use. A user can grip a workpiece such as plastic tubing and/or a fitting with one hand and engage the fitting with the tool to complete the crimp with the other hand. A typical hand position when operating a tool  10  in accordance with the present subject matter is depicted in  FIG. 4  with a user&#39;s thumb  2  positioned on the lever  42  and forefinger  4  at a trigger position or other convenient location. 
     Another consequence of a crimping tool having jaws biased to a closed position relates to the use of die inserts with the tool. Because many crimping tools use die inserts to accommodate various crimp sizes, a user must change the inserts while holding the jaws open. It would be undesirable if the tool were allowed to advance while the user is attempting to change dies. Thus, in many tool embodiments of the present subject matter, a switch is provided that contacts the jaw assembly and/or clevis when the jaws are opened wide enough to allow the dies to be changed. This switch communicates with motor controls so that the trigger and/or motor are inoperable while the switch is actuated. 
     Various embodiments of the tools and methods for their operation and use are described herein as follows. 
     Tools and Jaw Assemblies 
     Although the terms “crimp” or variations thereof such as “crimping” are used herein, it will be understood that the present subject matter includes tools, assemblies, and/or methods, which are associated with pressing or other applications. 
     The tools of the present subject matter are periodically referred to as “handheld.” The term “handheld” as used herein refers to a size and weight of the tool that enables the tool to be securely gripped and held by a user and repeatedly used in forming crimps. Although not wishing to be limited to any particular dimensions or weight, a typical overall length dimension of the tool including the jaw assembly is within a range of from 12 to 30 inches. A typical weight for the tool and jaw assembly is within a range of from 4 to 20 pounds. However, it will be appreciated that the present subject matter includes tools and jaw assemblies having lengths and/or weights outside of these representative ranges. 
       FIGS. 5 and 6  schematically illustrate particular aspects of an embodiment of a tool utilizing a planetary roller screw assembly  110  in accordance with the present subject matter. Specifically, tool  10  comprises a housing  20  that generally encloses and/or supports various components of the tool. The tool  10  defines a forward end  12  and an opposite rearward end  14 . The housing  20  defines a gripping region  22  that generally extends about a periphery of the housing  20  within a narrowed or neck region of the housing  20 . One or more raised ridges  22   a  and/or recessed regions  22   b  can optionally be provided within the gripping region  22  and/or located along other regions of the housing  20  to promote gripping of the tool. The tool  10  also comprises a jaw assembly  30  generally disposed at or proximate the forward end  12  of the tool. The tool  10  also comprises a battery  50 , one or more electrical terminals  60  for providing electrical communication between the battery  50  and an electric motor  90  and other components of the tool described in greater detail herein. Supported by and accessible along an exterior of the housing  20  is an activation switch  70 . The tool  10  also comprises a gear assembly  100  which transmits rotary motion from the motor  90  to the planetary roller screw  110 , all of which are generally enclosed within the housing  20 . The tool  10  also comprises a moveable clevis assembly  130  at a distal end  112  of a threaded rod  116  of the planetary roller screw  110 . 
     Referring further to  FIG. 5 , the tool  10  also comprises a jaw assembly  30  as previously described. The jaw assembly includes a first jaw  32  and a second jaw  34 , each jaw being pivotally coupled to a jaw frame  36  by corresponding linkage members  38  and  40  (not shown), respectively. In a particular embodiment, one of the linkage members is provided as a cam linkage member  38 . The cam linkage member  38  is configured and positioned such that the jaws  32 ,  34  can be positioned to an open position from a closed position by manually moving the cam linkage member  38  and pivot that member about a cam pivot pin. The jaw assembly  30  also includes a lever  42  which as described in greater detail herein, is selectively engageable with the cam linkage member  38 . The lever facilitates pivoting of the cam linkage member. In certain embodiments, each jaw  32 ,  34  includes die retention provisions  46 ,  48 , respectively and which are described in greater detail herein. 
     In certain embodiments, an On/Off toggle switch is used for the switch  70  to provide electrical power to a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA)  80  enclosed within the housing  20 . In certain embodiments, the PCBA  80  is used to control a permanent magnet direct current (PMDC) motor that is used for the motor  90  that provides power to the gear assembly  100 . In many embodiments, the PCBA  80  also provides one or more battery protection functions. In many embodiments, the motor  90  is engaged with a planetary gear assembly that is used for the gear assembly  100  that is engaged to a nut assembly  114  of a planetary roller screw  110 . 
     Referring further to  FIG. 6  which illustrates additional details of the planetary roller screw  110 , as the nut assembly  114  is rotated by operation of the motor, a threaded rod or screw  116  is linearly displaced. The planetary roller screw  110  generally includes a housing  111  which encloses and supports a drive gear  118 , bearings  119 , the nut assembly  114 , and the threaded rod  116 . A distal end  112  of the threaded rod  116  is engageable with the clevis assembly  130  (not shown in  FIG. 6 ) which closes the jaw assembly  30 . In many embodiments, the threaded rod  116  is not fixedly coupled to the clevis assembly  130  (see  FIG. 5 ). Instead, the clevis  130  is moveably displaceable independent of the rod  116  of the screw assembly  110 . Thus, the rod  116  only applies force to the clevis assembly and jaw assembly while making a crimp and is disengaged from the clevis assembly when the rod retracts. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 3 and 5 , in many embodiments the jaw assembly  30  is biased to a closed position by one or more biasing member(s), e.g., tension spring(s), acting on the clevis assembly  130 . A representative example of such a biasing member is described in association with  FIG. 9 . One of the two toggle linkage members of the jaw assembly  30 , i.e., the cam linkage member  38 , defines a forward extension  39  with a cam surface  39   a . This cam surface  39   a  is in contact with a receiving surface  42   a  of the lever  42  that pivots about the two jaw pin  31 . As shown in  FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 , a user&#39;s thumb can be used to depress the lever  42 , rotate the cam linkage member  38  about the cam pivot pin  35 , and open the jaws  32 ,  34  to engage a fitting (not shown) before a crimp is made. The lever spring  120  biases the lever  42  so that contact is maintained between the cam linkage member  38  and the lever  42  through a range of travel of the jaw  32 . It will be appreciated that the present subject matter tools can utilize a wide array of other biasing members to bias the lever  42 , instead of or in addition to the lever spring  120 . Die inserts (not shown) are selectively coupled to die retention provisions  46 ,  48  provided in the jaws  32 ,  34  and engage a fitting or other workpiece (not shown). The inserts can be dedicated to specific applications, i.e. connection type and size. 
     Although the present subject matter tools are described herein as battery powered, it will be understood that the tools can include cords for transmitting electrical power to the tool. Such corded tools would typically not include a battery. Alternatively, such battery-free tools may simply include a port or other receptacle at which electrical power is powered. 
       FIGS. 7 and 8  illustrate an embodiment of the tool  10  depicting additional aspects of the present subject matter. The tool  10  generally comprises a tool housing  20  that defines a rear housing end  14  and a generally hollow interior  16  for enclosing and supporting one or more components of the tool such as an electric motor (not shown) and a gear assembly (not shown) for transmitting rotary power to a planetary roller screw assembly  110 . As previously described, the tool also comprises a jaw assembly  30  which is selectively opened and/or closed by operation of the motor which causes linear displacement of a rod of the roller screw assembly  110 . 
     Referring further to  FIGS. 5, 7, and 8 , the tool  10  also comprises a region or compartment  22  of the housing  20  for receiving a battery (not shown). The battery provides electrical power to one or more electrical circuits which are generally included or provided by the previously noted PCBA  80 . A wide array of battery types and configurations can be used. In many versions of the present subject matter tools, the battery is a lithium ion battery having an output voltage within a range of from about 12 volts to about 40 volts. However, it will be understood that the present subject matter tools can be configured for use with batteries having voltages outside of this range. The activation switch  70  serves as a primary control switch for providing electrical power from the battery to the motor and/or PCBA  80 . The tool  10  also comprises a trigger switch  72  which provides for selective operation of the motor such as for example to open or close the jaw assembly  30  for example prior to, during, or after a crimping operation. In many embodiments, the tool  10  additionally comprises a reverse switch  73 . In such versions, the trigger switch  72  only closes the jaw assembly  30 , and the reverse switch  73  opens the jaw assembly  30 . The reverse switch  73  is typically configured to override the trigger switch  72  at any time. The reverse switch  73  is in communication with the PCBA  80 . 
       FIGS. 9-11  further illustrate aspects of the jaw assembly  30  of the present subject matter.  FIG. 9  shows the jaw assembly  30  in which the jaws  32 ,  34  are in a closed position.  FIG. 10  illustrates the jaw assembly  30  in which the jaws  32 ,  34  are in an open position.  FIG. 9  illustrates the previously mentioned biasing member  41  which urges the jaws  32 ,  34  to a closed position. Although a variety of biasing members and/or biasing arrangements can be employed, a tension spring  41  extending between the previously noted jaw pin  37  and/or clevis assembly  130  which is slidably disposed in guide slot  37   a  defined in the jaw frame  36 , and a mounting location on the jaw frame  36  is useful. Specifically, a first end  41   a  of the spring  41  is coupled with the jaw pin  37  and/or clevis assembly  130 , and a second end  41   b  of the spring  41  is affixed at a suitable mounting location on the jaw frame  36 .  FIGS. 9 and 10  both depict a first die insert  140  removably retained in the first jaw  32 , and a second die insert  142  removably retained in the second jaw  34 .  FIG. 11  illustrates the jaws  32 ,  34  without other components of the jaw assembly  30  and without the die inserts. In many embodiments, the jaw assembly  30  also comprises a jaw switch  71 . The jaw switch  71  is in communication with the PCBA  80  and is typically configured to prevent the tool from closing, i.e., the trigger switch  72  is disabled when the jaws are opened wide enough to allow the dies to be changed. Thus, the jaw switch prevents operation of the motor during die changing. 
     In certain embodiments, the jaw assembly such as jaw assembly  30  shown in  FIGS. 3 and 9 , includes one or more protruding members  46 ,  48  that project from the working face  200  of one or both jaws, preferably both jaws, and which are configured to engage corresponding recesses or receiving regions in die inserts  140 ,  142 . In a particular version, the jaw  32  includes a plurality of such protruding members  46 , and the jaw  34  includes a plurality of such protruding members  48 . In certain embodiments, each jaw includes two protruding members. The protruding members provide support for the die inserts  140 ,  142  to react against forces exerted on the dies  140 ,  142  during a crimping operation. In a particularly preferred versions the protruding members  46 ,  48  are configured to react exclusively against all forces exerted on the dies  140 ,  142  during a crimping operation and thus no such forces are exerted upon a pin(s) or other retaining member(s) utilized to attach or affix the dies  140 ,  142  to the jaws  32 ,  34  in an unloaded state. An example of such affixment pins are shown in  FIG. 9  as pins  46   a  and  46   b.    
     In certain embodiments, the tools of the present subject matter include one or more light assemblies along at least one of the tool housing and/or the jaws for illuminating the work region and/or the jaws. The light assembly typically includes one or more illuminating elements such as halogen lights, light emitting diodes (LEDs), or other light emitting components. The illuminating elements are typically powered by the on-board battery of the crimp tool. However, the present subject matter includes light assemblies utilizing dedicated or separate batteries apart from the battery used for powering the tool. 
     The light assembly can also be configured to provide information to an operator or user as to the status of the tool, state of a crimping operation, or other aspects of the tool and/or its operation. The previously described PCBA  80  in many embodiments includes electronics and data processing capabilities such that information concerning the tool and/or its operation such as error states for example, can be communicated to the operator by flashing or intermittent emission of light. For example, various flashing frequencies and/or number of flashes can be used to provide information to an operator. In such versions of the light assembly, provisions for providing information to an operator are incorporated in the light assembly and/or the PCBA  80 . 
       FIG. 14  illustrates a representative light assembly  210  optionally provided along the previously described jaw assembly  30 . The light assembly  210  includes one or more illuminating elements  212  which in many embodiments, is oriented to direct light emitted therefrom toward the distal end of the jaws  32 ,  34 . 
     The PCBA  80  can include electronic processing capabilities that place the tool in one or more various modes. Each mode has one or more characteristics that can extend battery life, improve usability of the tool, assist the user in determining a fault state, and/or provide information to the user. The one or more lights on the tool can be configured to provide indication to the user of the current state of the tool such as for example, by flashing at particular intervals or rates. Table 1 set forth below lists representative state indications for a tool as described herein. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Representative State Indications for Tool Light(s) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Mode 
                 Light 
                 Description/Action 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Active 
                 ON 
                 Tool ready for use. If unused 
               
               
                   
                   
                 for 5 minutes, tool will move 
               
               
                   
                   
                 into Standby Mode. 
               
               
                 Standby 
                 One brief 
                 Minimizes battery use. Press 
               
               
                   
                 flash every 
                 and release Run Switch to 
               
               
                   
                 two seconds 
                 return to Active Mode. 
               
               
                 Low 
                 Slow Flash, 
                 Battery low. Tool will not run. 
               
               
                 Battery 
                 ON 1 second, 
                 Charge/Recharge battery. 
               
               
                   
                 OFF 1 second 
                 Battery out of specification 
               
               
                   
                   
                 temperature range. Bring battery 
               
               
                   
                   
                 temperature within correct 
               
               
                   
                   
                 operating range. 
               
               
                 Battery 
                 Light OFF 
                 Battery very low. Tool will not 
               
               
                 Saver 
                 (ON/OFF 
                 run. Turn ON/OFF switch OFF. 
               
               
                   
                 Switch ON) 
                 Change/Recharge battery. 
               
               
                 Service Interval 
                 Two short 
                 Indicates service interval 
               
               
                 Approaching 
                 flashes 
                 approaching. Will continue until 
               
               
                 Service 
                 followed 
                 Run Switch is pressed, then returns 
               
               
                   
                 by a pause. 
                 to Active Mode. Starts at 19,000 
               
               
                   
                   
                 cycles. Tool is usable, but tool will 
               
               
                   
                   
                 lock after service interval. 
               
               
                   
                 Rapid Flash. 
                 Tool has experienced a fault. Turn 
               
               
                   
                 10 flashes 
                 ON/OFF switch OFF. Remove battery 
               
               
                   
                 per second. 
                 for at least 15 seconds. Replace 
               
               
                   
                   
                 battery and turn ON/OFF switch ON. 
               
               
                   
                   
                 If Service Light continues to flash, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 take tool for service. 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Tool is locked. Tool has completed 
               
               
                   
                   
                 service interval (20,000 cycles) and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 requires service. 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Methods 
     General operation of the tool is as follows. 
     The unit is turned on with the activation switch  70  which is typically in the form of a toggle switch. 
     The jaws are biased to a closed position by one or more tension springs. A user engages the jaw lever  42  to open the jaws  32 ,  34  and fit the inserts  140 ,  142  about a workpiece or fitting. In many applications, the user will engage the jaw lever  42  with their thumb  2  as depicted in  FIG. 4 . 
     The user will at least partially release the lever  42  to allow the inserts  140 ,  142  to engage the fitting. This operation allows the user to align the inserts with the fitting to ensure a proper crimp. These operations can be repeated until the engagement is satisfactory. 
     With the same hand on the tool, the user will press the trigger  72  to initiate a press cycle. The threaded rod  116  will advance until the die inserts  140 ,  142  are fully closed and the press or crimp of a fitting or workpiece  6  is completed as shown in  FIG. 12 . 
       FIG. 13  is a graph of electrical current draw by the motor during a typical crimping operation using a tool of the present subject matter. During initial stages of a typical crimping operation, the current draw gradually increases or substantially so until the peak crimp current draw occurs at time I. Crimp completion shown at time II is typically characterized by a reduction in current draw from the peak occurring at time I. After crimp completion, current draw continues to decrease until time III at which the clevis assembly  130  reaches a “hard stop.” 
     In many applications, the jaws  32 ,  34  deflect under the increasing mechanical advantage until the clevis  130  reaches a “hard stop” in the jaw frame  36 . At this point, the torque of the motor  90  rises rapidly causing a current spike at time IV. The powered advance of the threaded rod  116  is interrupted by the PCBA  80  as a spike in current associated with end of travel is detected. It is the relatively large difference between the peak crimping current at time I and the threshold set to detect the current spike, i.e., current at time IV, that ensures the crimp is complete. 
     After a slight pause, the PCBA  80  initiates an automatic retraction of the clevis assembly  130  by reversing the motor (under no load). Initiation of this reversing operation is depicted as time V in  FIG. 13 . 
     Another hard stop is reached at the end of the retraction stroke at time VI. The PCBA  80  senses the associated current spike and turns the motor off until the trigger  72  is pulled or actuated again. 
     In many embodiments, the tool  10  is also provided with a reverse control or actuator to be used to retract the threaded rod  116  in cases when this is necessary during the middle of a press cycle, e.g. the fitting and inserts are not aligned properly. This reverse control is typically in the form of the previously described reverse switch  73  in communication with the PCBA  80 . 
     In particular embodiments, a jaw switch  71  is provided on the jaw frame  36  to contact the clevis  130  when the jaws are partially or fully opened. This prevents the PCBA  80  from turning the motor on until the jaws are at least partially closed and therefore likely engaged with a fitting. 
     The present subject matter also provides a method of detecting completion of a crimping operation. The method generally comprises monitoring current draw of an electric motor such as motor  90  used to advance a screw or rod such as the threaded rod  116  that engages a clevis or other assembly which urges a jaw assembly toward a closed position. The method also comprises identifying a peak crimping current while performing the crimping operation. The method additionally comprises identifying a current threshold while performing the crimping operation. The method then calculates or otherwise determines the difference between the current threshold value identified and the peak crimping current value identified. Crimp completion typically occurs when the noted difference is at least 10%, in many applications 25%, in many applications 50%, in many applications 100%, in many applications 150%, in many applications 200%, in many applications at least 250%, and in particular applications at least 300% of the peak crimping current. 
     The present subject matter also provides methods of crimping a fitting or workpiece while avoiding forming partial crimps. The term “partial crimp” refers to a fitting, workpiece, or region of tubing for example that has not been fully crimped or properly deformed about a desired member. Partial crimps are undesirable because a sealing engagement is typically not formed along the interface and thus the partial crimp region must be removed, a new fitting or fresh portion of workpiece provided, and a new crimp operation must be performed. The noted methods of avoiding partial crimps comprise providing a crimp tool including (i) a tool housing that typically defines a rear housing end and a generally hollow interior adapted for enclosing and supporting at least a portion of the components of the tool, (ii) an electric motor disposed and supported within the tool housing, (iii) a planetary roller screw assembly disposed and supported within the tool housing, the screw assembly engaged with the motor and including a nut and a screw threadedly engaged with the nut, wherein upon rotation of one of the nut and the screw, the other of the nut and the screw is linearly and axially displaced, (iv) a movable clevis engageable with the other of the nut and the screw, (v) a jaw assembly including a first jaw and a second jaw which are positionable between a closed position and an open position, (vi) a trigger that activates the electric motor to thereby result in linear and axial displacement of the other of the nut and the screw, and (vii) a return actuator that upon actuation causes the other of the nut and the screw to be displaced to a home position corresponding to the jaws being positioned to the open position. The noted methods of avoiding partial crimps comprise positioning the jaw assembly to the open position. The methods additionally comprise placing the jaw assembly about a fitting to be crimped. The methods further comprise maintaining actuation of the trigger such that the electric motor provides rotary power to the planetary roller screw assembly which thereby urges the jaw assembly to the closed position. The tool is configured, typically via its controls, such that if at any time during closure of the jaw assembly, actuation of the trigger is not maintained such that closure of the jaw assembly is interrupted, the return actuator must be actuated to cause the jaws to be positioned to the open position thereby only then enabling subsequent actuation of the trigger. That is, if the trigger is not maintained in an actuated state such that closure of the jaw assembly is interrupted, subsequent actuation of the trigger without returning the jaws to the open position will not result in motor operation. 
     Additional Aspects 
     The present subject matter also includes tools that utilize an axial stop which limits linear extension of the roller screw assembly and/or the clevis such as clevis  130  and jaw pin  37 . The axial stop limits extension or travel of the clevis prior to, or concurrently with, closure of the jaws such as jaws  32 ,  34 . Referring to  FIG. 3 , an embodiment of an axial stop is shown as axial stop  65  which is in the form of an end wall of the guide slot  66  defined in the jaw assembly  30 . As will be understood, the guide slot typically extends between two end walls, one end wall being located closer to the user and/or gripping region of the tool and the other end wall being located closer to the jaw assembly. The axial stop is typically the end wall nearest the jaw assembly. Using an axial stop such as axial stop  65  in the jaw assembly  30 , results in contact between (i) the clevis  130  and/or jaw pin  37  and (ii) the axial stop  65  upon a predetermined full extension of the clevis  130  toward the jaws  32 ,  34 . The full extension and contact between (i) clevis  130  and/or jaw pin  37 , and (ii) axial stop  65  occurs at a point beyond the full closure of the crimp dies during the crimping process. Use and incorporation of an axial stop in a jaw assembly enables detection of complete jaw closure by monitoring current draw of the motor. A representative axial stop  65  is also depicted in  FIGS. 9 and 10 . The axial stop  65  is in the form of an end wall in the guide slot  37   a  defined in one or more of the frame member(s) of the jaw assembly  30 . Referring to  FIG. 13 , contact between (i) and (ii) occurs at time IV. Thus, use and incorporation of an axial stop enables effective and reliable detection of the end of a crimping operation, and particularly prior to the toggle assembly passing “over-center.” In many embodiments, use and incorporation of an axial stop provides a more pronounced and readily detectable strategy for identifying crimp completion. The resulting current spike occurring at time IV can be used to provide feedback, i.e., information, to the tool control system. 
     The present subject matter encompasses a wide array of axial stops. That is, the subject matter is not limited to an axial stop in the form of an end wall in a guide slot such as shown in association with axial stop  65  in  FIG. 3 . Instead, the present subject matter includes nearly any type of structural feature that physically limits linear travel or extension of the clevis and/or jaw pin or equivalent member. Thus, such structural features may for example be in the form of projection(s) or extension(s) in the travel path of the clevis, jaw pin, or other components. 
     Related to the incorporation of an axial stop in a jaw assembly, is a method of detecting jaw closure and/or crimp completion. Thus, the present subject matter includes methods of detecting jaw closure and/or crimp completion based upon monitoring current draw of an electric motor driving a jaw assembly and identifying a current spike or peak that occurs upon component(s) of the jaw assembly contacting the axial stop whereby further linear travel of such components is precluded. 
     In certain embodiments, the tools of the present subject matter further include one or more flexible elements positioned within the tool or tool housing such that upon moving the clevis to its return or home position, the flexible element(s) is disposed between the clevis and a return stop or home position. As described herein, in certain embodiments, the return of the tool to a home position is detected by monitoring for a current spike such as spike VII in  FIG. 13 . It is desirable to control the slope of this spike. For example, a spike having too great of a slope could cause the screw to bind or otherwise become lodged in the assembly. Alternatively, a spike having a slope that is too small could cause the increase in current to not be detected. Accordingly, in certain embodiments such as shown in  FIG. 15 , one or more flexible element(s)  224  are provided between the clevis  130  and a return stop  220  provided in the tool and specifically, the jaw assembly  36 . More particularly, the flexible element(s) can be in the form of spring washer(s) and are disposed between a rear face  132  of the clevis and the return stop  220 . However, it will be appreciated that the present subject matter include the use of a wide array of flexible element(s) and is not limited to the use of spring washers. 
     Furthermore, in the descriptions herein, the planetary roller screw assembly is generally described as including a rotatable nut and a rod threadedly engaged with the nut, wherein upon rotation of the nut, the rod is linearly and axially displaced. However, it will be understood that the present subject matter includes embodiments in which the rod is rotatable and the nut is linearly and axially displaced. The crimp tools of the present subject matter can utilize a variety of different types of planetary roller screw assemblies. 
     A first type of roller screw mechanism includes rollers having an external thread engaging the external and internal threads of the rod (or screw) and of the nut. The threads of the rollers and the thread of the nut have helix angles that are identical to each other and different to that of the thread of the screw such that, when the screw rotates in relation to the nut, the rollers rotate on themselves and roll about the screw without moving axially inside the nut. The rollers are rotationally guided parallel with the axis of the screw by teeth provided on the nut and engaging teeth of the rollers. Such a mechanism is referred to herein as a standard planetary roller screw. The present subject matter tools may be equipped with a standard planetary roller screw in which the screw is rotated to linearly displace a nut, or a standard planetary roller screw in which the nut is rotated to linearly displace a screw. 
     A second type of roller screw mechanism has a similar operating principle but is different as a result of an inverted arrangement. The helix angles of the threads of the rollers, of the rod (or screw) and of the nut are selected such that, when the screw rotates in relation to the nut, the rollers rotate on themselves about the screw and move axially in the nut. The rollers are rotationally guided parallel with the axis of the screw by teeth provided thereon and engaging teeth of said rollers. Such a mechanism is referred to herein as an inverted planetary roller screw. The present subject matter tools may be equipped with an inverted planetary roller screw in which the screw is rotated to linearly displace a nut, or an inverted planetary roller screw in which the nut is rotated to linearly displace a screw. 
     As noted, the present subject matter includes tools that utilize either a standard planetary roller screw or an inverted planetary roller screw. In each version of the planetary roller screw assembly, the assembly can be configured such that upon rotation of the nut, the rod/screw is linearly displaced, or upon rotation of the rod/screw, the nut is linearly displaced.  FIGS. 16-25  illustrate representative versions of each of the noted configurations. Specifically,  FIGS. 16-18  depict a standard planetary roller screw in which the nut remains with the rollers and the screw is rotated to linearly displace the nut and rollers.  FIGS. 19-20  show an inverted planetary roller screw in which the nut moves longitudinally relative to the rollers and so the rollers remain with the screw, and upon rotation of the screw, the nut is linearly displaced.  FIGS. 21-23  depict a standard planetary roller screw in which the nut remains with the rollers and the nut is rotated to linearly displace the screw.  FIGS. 24-25  illustrate an inverted planetary roller screw in which the nut moves longitudinally relative to the rollers and so the rollers remain with the screw, and upon rotation of the nut, the screw is linearly displaced. 
     Specifically,  FIGS. 16-18  illustrate a standard planetary roller screw  250  in which the nut remains with the rollers and the screw is rotated to linearly displace the nut and rollers. The standard planetary roller screw  250  includes a nut assembly having a first inner nut portion  252 , a second inner nut portion  254 , a screw  256 , and a plurality of rollers  258 . The first and second inner nut portions  252 ,  254  are generally enclosed by a nut housing  260 . As described herein, upon rotation of the screw  256  in the direction of A or B in  FIG. 16 , via powered rotation from the electric motor of the tool, the nut assembly  260  is linearly displaced in either direction C or D. Typically, a key assembly  264 ,  266  or other alignment provision is provided between a housing  270  and the nut housing  260 . Specifically for example, an outwardly projecting ridge  264  can be provided on the nut housing  260  and a corresponding track  266  or engagement region provided with the housing  270 . The key assembly  264 ,  266  enables the nut assembly and plurality of rollers to move axially or longitudinally relative to the screw  256  and the housing  270 . The key assembly  264 ,  266  also precludes rotation of the nut housing  260  relative to the housing  270 . 
     Each roller  258  defines one or more threaded regions having threads that are identical or substantially so, to the threads of the nut portions and different than the threads of the screw. Thus, a roller  258  defines threaded regions having threads  258   a  that are identical or substantially so, to threads  252   a  of the first nut portion  252  and to threads  254   a  of the second nut portion  254 . And, the threads  258   a  of the rollers  258  are different than the threads  256   a  of the screw  256 . And, the rollers  258  also define another threaded region having threads  259   a  that are identical or substantially so, to threads  256   a  of the screw  256 . The assembly  250  additionally includes one or more roller carriages  275  that rotatably support the rollers  258  and maintain the rollers in a parallel orientation relative to the axis of the screw  256 . 
       FIG. 17  is a schematic cross sectional view of a tool using the roller screw assembly  250  shown in  FIG. 16 . The linearly displaceable nut assembly  260  is engaged with linkage members  38  and  40  for example, as previously described in conjunction with  FIGS. 3, 9, and 10 . As will be understood, linear movement of the nut assembly  260  results in opening or closing of the jaws  32 ,  34 . 
       FIGS. 19 and 20  illustrate an inverted planetary roller screw in which the nut moves longitudinally relative to the rollers and the rollers remain with the screw, and upon rotation of the screw, the nut is linearly displaced. Specifically, the inverted planetary roller screw  300  includes a nut  302 , a screw  306 , and a plurality of rollers  308 . As described herein, upon rotation of the screw  306  in the direction of A or B in  FIG. 19  via powered rotation from the electric motor of the tool, the nut  302  is linearly displaced in either direction C or D. Typically, a key assembly  314 ,  316  or other alignment provision is provided between a housing  320  and the nut  302 . Specifically, for example, an outwardly projecting ridge  314  can be provided on the nut housing  302  and a corresponding track  316  or engagement region provided with the housing  320 . The key assembly  314 ,  316  enables the nut  302  and plurality of rollers  308  to move axially or longitudinally relative to the screw  306  and the housing  320 . The key assembly  314 ,  316  also precludes rotation of the nut  302  relative to the housing  320 . 
     Each roller  308  defines one or more threaded regions having threads  308   a  that are identical or substantially so, to threads  306   a  of the screw  306  and to threads  302   a  of the nut  302 . The assembly  300  also includes one or more roller carriages  325  that rotatably support the rollers  308  and maintain the rollers in a parallel orientation relative to the axis of the screw  306 . 
     As previously described in association with  FIGS. 16-18 , the linearly displaceable nut  302  is engaged with linkage members  38  and  40  (not shown in  FIGS. 19 and 20 ) for example depicted in  FIGS. 3, 9, and 10 . Linear movement of the nut  302  results in opening or closing of jaws  32 ,  34  (not shown in  FIGS. 19 and 20 ). 
       FIGS. 21-23  illustrate a standard planetary roller screw in which the nut remains with the rollers and the nut is rotated to linearly displace the screw. Specifically, the standard planetary roller screw  350  includes a nut assembly having a drive nut portion  351 , first nut portion  352 , a second nut portion  354 , a screw  356 , and a plurality of rollers  358 . The first and second inner nut portions  352 ,  354  are generally enclosed by a nut housing that includes a first nut housing portion  360  and a second nut housing portion  361 . As described herein, upon rotation of the drive nut  351  and corresponding first and second nut portions  352 ,  354  in the direction of A or B in  FIG. 21  via powered rotation from the electric motor of the tool, the screw  356  is linearly displaced in either direction C or D. Typically, a key  364 ,  366  or other engagement provision is provided between the nut components. Specifically, for example, one or more keys  364  are provided that engage corresponding keyways  365  defined in the drive nut  351  and keyways  367  defined in the nut housing portion  360 . And, one or more keys  366  can be provided to engage the first and second nut portions  352 ,  354  together. 
     Each roller  358  defines one or more threaded regions having threads that are identical or substantially so, to the threads of the nut portions and different than the threads of the screw. Thus a roller  358  defines threaded regions having threads  358   a  that are identical or substantially so, to threads  352   a  of the first nut portion  352  and to threads  354   a  of the second nut portion  354 . And, the threads  358   a  of the rollers  358  are different than the threads  356   a  of the screw  356 . And, the rollers  358  also define another threaded region having threads  359   a  that are identical or substantially so, to threads  356   a  of the screw  356 . The assembly  350  also includes one or more roller carriages  375  that rotatably support the rollers  358  and maintain the rollers in a parallel orientation relative to the axis of the screw  356 . 
       FIG. 22  is a schematic cross sectional view of a tool using the roller screw assembly shown in  FIG. 21 . The linearly displaceable screw  356  is engaged with linkage members  38  and  40  for example, as previously described in conjunction with  FIGS. 3, 9, and 10 . As will be appreciated, linear movement of the screw  356  results in opening or closing of the jaws  32 ,  34 . 
       FIGS. 24 and 25  illustrate an inverted planetary roller screw in which the nut moves longitudinally relative to the rollers and so the rollers remain with the screw, and upon rotation of the nut, the screw is linearly displaced. Specifically, the inverted planetary roller screw  400  includes a nut  402 , a screw  406 , and a plurality of rollers  408 . As described herein, upon rotation of the nut  402  in the direction of A or B in  FIG. 24 , the screw  406  is linearly displaced in either direction C or D. Typically, a key assembly  416  or other engagement provision is provided between a drive nut  401  and the nut  402 . Specifically for example, one or more keys  416  can be provided that engage a keyway  415  defined in the drive nut  401  and a keyway  417  defined in the nut  402 . A housing  410  generally encloses the components. 
     Each roller  408  defines one or more threaded regions having threads  408   a  that are identical or substantially so, to threads  406   a  of the screw  406  and to threads  402   a  of the nut  402 . The assembly  400  also includes one or more roller carriages  425  that rotatably support the rollers  408  and maintain the rollers in a parallel orientation relative to the screw  406 . 
     As previously described in conjunction with  FIGS. 21-23 , the linearly displaceable screw  406  is engaged with linkage members  38  and  40  (not shown in  FIGS. 24 and 25 ) for example shown in  FIGS. 3, 9, and 10 . Linear movement of the screw  406  results in opening or closing of jaws  32 ,  34  (not shown in  FIGS. 24 and 25 ). 
     In each of the various planetary roller screw assemblies depicted in  FIGS. 16-25 , it will be understood that the component that is linearly displaced, i.e., either the screw or the nut in the direction of C or D, is engaged, or ultimately in force-transmitting relationship with the clevis such as clevis  130  to thereby open and close the jaws of the crimp tool. A wide array of assemblies and/or components can be used to transfer the noted linear displacement to the clevis. 
     In one aspect, the present subject matter provides a handheld crimp tool comprising a tool housing defining a rear housing end and a generally hollow interior adapted for enclosing and supporting at least a portion of the components of the tool. The tool also comprises an electric motor disposed and supported within the tool housing. The tool additionally comprises a planetary roller screw assembly disposed and supported within the tool housing. The screw assembly is engaged with the motor and includes a nut and a screw threadedly engaged with the nut. Upon rotation of one of the nut and the screw, the other of the nut and the screw is linearly and axially displaced. The tool also comprises a movable clevis engageable with one of the nut and the screw. And, the tool comprises a jaw assembly including a first jaw and a second jaw which are positionable between a closed position and an open position. 
     In another aspect, the present subject matter provides a jaw assembly adapted for engagement with a powered displaceable member. The jaw assembly comprises a first jaw and a second jaw which are positionable between a closed position and an open position. The jaw assembly also comprises a cam linkage member pivotally coupled to the first jaw by a cam pivot pin, and a lever coupled to the first jaw. The lever and the cam linkage member are positioned and configured such that the first jaw and the second jaw can be positioned toward the open position from the closed position by manually moving the lever so as to contact the cam linkage member and pivot the cam linkage member about the cam pivot pin. Each of the first jaw and the second jaw include at least one protruding member that projects from a working surface of a respective jaw, wherein the protruding member is configured to react against forces exerted on die inserts when such die inserts are positioned along the working surface of each of the first and second jaws. 
     In yet another aspect, the present subject matter provides a handheld crimp tool comprising a tool housing defining a rear housing end and a generally hollow interior adapted for enclosing and supporting at least a portion of the components of the tool. The tool also comprises an electric motor disposed and supported within the tool housing. The tool additional comprises a planetary roller screw assembly disposed and supported within the tool housing. The screw assembly is engaged with the motor and includes a nut and a screw threadedly engaged with the nut, wherein upon rotation of one of the nut and the screw, the other of the nut and the screw is linearly and axially displaced. The tool further comprises a movable clevis engageable with the other of the nut and the screw. And, the tool comprises a jaw assembly including a first jaw and a second jaw which are positionable between a closed position and an open position. The tool also comprises a light assembly disposed on at least one of the tool housing and the jaw assembly. The light assembly is configured to direct light emitted from the light assembly toward a work region proximate the jaw assembly. 
     In still another aspect, the present subject matter also provides a handheld crimp tool comprising a tool housing defining a rear housing end and a generally hollow interior adapted for enclosing and supporting at least a portion of the components of the tool. The tool additionally comprises an electric motor disposed and supported within the tool housing. And, the tool comprises a planetary roller screw assembly disposed and supported within the tool housing. The screw assembly is engaged with the motor and includes a nut and a screw threadedly engaged with the nut, wherein upon rotation of one of the nut and the screw, the other of the nut and the screw is linearly and axially displaced. The tool also comprises a movable clevis engageable with the other of the nut and the screw. The clevis defines a rear face and movable with respect to a home position defined by a return stop. The tool additionally comprises a jaw assembly including a first jaw and a second jaw which are positionable between a closed position and an open position. And, the tool also comprises at least one flexible element disposed between the rear face of the clevis and the return stop. 
     In yet another aspect, the present subject matter also provides a method of crimping a fitting or workpiece while avoiding forming partial crimps. The method comprises providing a crimp tool including (i) a tool housing defining a rear housing end and a generally hollow interior adapted for enclosing and supporting at least a portion of the components of the tool, (ii) an electric motor disposed and supported within the tool housing, (iii) a planetary roller screw assembly disposed and supported within the tool housing, the screw assembly engaged with the motor and including a nut and a screw threadedly engaged with the nut, wherein upon rotation of one of the nut and the screw, the other of the nut and the screw is linearly and axially displaced, (iv) a movable clevis engageable with the other of the nut and the screw, (v) a jaw assembly including a first jaw and a second jaw which are positionable between a closed position and an open position, (vi) a trigger that activates the electric motor to thereby result in linear and axial displacement of the other of the nut and the screw, and (vii) a return actuator that upon actuation causes the other of the nut and the screw to be displaced to a home position corresponding to the jaws being positioned to the open position. The method also comprises positioning the jaw assembly to the open position. The method further comprises placing the jaw assembly about a fitting to be crimped. The method additionally comprises maintaining actuation of the trigger such that the electric motor provides rotary power to the planetary roller screw assembly which thereby urges the jaw assembly to the closed position. The method is such that if at any time during closure of the jaw assembly, actuation of the trigger is not maintained such that closure of the jaw assembly is interrupted, the return actuator must be actuated to cause the jaws to be positioned to the open position thereby enabling subsequent actuation of the trigger. 
     The present subject matter provides numerous advantages. The tools of the subject matter are lightweight and compact. Thus, a tool of the present subject matter can fit into tight spaces during typical installation jobs. The tools require a minimum amount of user effort. Fatigue is reduced and productivity is increased. The tools of the present subject matter deliver a large amount of force without using hydraulics. Thus, the tools are cost effective. The tools of the present subject matter deliver the required force with minimal wear and heat generation. The tools are durable as a result. 
     Many other benefits will no doubt become apparent from future application and development of this technology. 
     All patents, applications, standards, and articles noted herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     The present subject matter includes all operable combinations of features and aspects described herein. Thus, for example if one feature is described in association with an embodiment and another feature is described in association with another embodiment, it will be understood that the present subject matter includes embodiments having a combination of these features. 
     As described hereinabove, the present subject matter solves many problems associated with previous strategies, systems and/or devices. However, it will be appreciated that various changes in the details, materials and arrangements of components, which have been herein described and illustrated in order to explain the nature of the present subject matter, may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle and scope of the claimed subject matter, as expressed in the appended claims.