Patent Publication Number: US-2022229799-A1

Title: Processor interface assembly, operation method, and processor

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202110053414.0, filed on Jan. 15, 2021, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to the technical field of processor technology and, more particularly, to a processor interface assembly, an operation method thereof, and a processor. 
     BACKGROUND 
     A processor includes an interface assembly and a processor core. The interface circuit includes a controller, a first interface circuit, and a second interface circuit. The first interface circuit may be coupled to a plurality of peripheral devices through a first bus. The second interface circuit may be coupled to the processor core through a second bus. For example, the plurality of peripheral devices occupies a pre-determined address space. The processor core can access a target peripheral device through the interface assembly thereof based on an address space occupied by the target peripheral device that requests access. For example, the first bus may be a low pin count (LPC) bus, and the second bus may be an advanced peripheral bus (APB). 
     The LPC bus is a 33 MHz 4-bit parallel bus protocol based on an Intel standard for replacing a previous industry standard architecture (ISA) bus. The APB bus is a peripheral interconnection bus defined by Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) bus protocol specification. The APB bus is often used to connecting peripheral interfaces. The APB bus provides a low power consumption APB interface. The low power consumption APB interface is often used to connect peripheral devices that have low bandwidth and do not require a high-performance bus. 
     SUMMARY 
     One aspect of the present disclosure provides a processor interface assembly. The processor interface assembly includes: a first interface circuit including a plurality of sub-interface circuits and configured to couple with a plurality of peripheral devices, wherein the plurality of peripheral devices is configured to occupy a pre-determined address space, and the pre-determined address space includes multiple sub-address spaces; and a controller including a register and configured to set a sub-address space occupied by at least one type of peripheral devices among the plurality of peripheral devices based on at least a portion of data stored in the register. 
     Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a processor. The processor includes a processor interface assembly. The processor interface assembly includes: a first interface circuit including a plurality of sub-interface circuits and configured to couple with a plurality of peripheral devices, wherein the plurality of peripheral devices is configured to occupy a pre-determined address space, and the pre-determined address space includes multiple sub-address spaces; and a controller including a register and configured to set a sub-address space occupied by at least one type of peripheral devices among the plurality of peripheral devices based on at least a portion of data stored in the register. 
     Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an operation method of a processor interface assembly. The operation method includes: modifying at least a portion of data stored in a register to adjust a sub-address space occupied by at least one type of peripheral devices among a plurality of peripheral devices. The processor interface assembly includes: a first interface circuit including a plurality of sub-interface circuits and configured to couple with the plurality of peripheral devices, wherein the plurality of peripheral devices is configured to occupy a pre-determined address space, and the pre-determined address space includes multiple sub-address spaces; and a controller including the register and configured to set the sub-address space occupied by the at least one type of peripheral devices among the plurality of peripheral devices based on the at least a portion of data stored in the register. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the disclosed embodiments are briefly described below. The drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present disclosure. Other drawings may be derived from such drawings by a person with ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts and may be encompassed in the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a schematic block diagram of an exemplary processor interface assembly according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a schematic diagram of a pre-determined address space according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 3  and  FIG. 4  illustrate schematic diagrams of four types of peripheral devices occupying four sub-address spaces according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a schematic diagram of a register according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 6  and  FIG. 7  illustrate a schematic diagram of data stored in the register in  FIG. 5 ; 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a schematic block diagram of another exemplary processor interface assembly according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG. 9  illustrates a schematic diagram of an exemplary processor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     Various features and embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description below, numerous specific details are proposed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the present disclosure. However, for those skilled in the art, the present disclosure may be implemented without some of the specific details. The description of the embodiments below is intended to provide a better understanding of the present disclosure through examples. In the drawings and the specification below, certain well-known structures and technical details are not shown to avoid unnecessary ambiguity. For clarity, dimensions of certain structures may be expanded to show structural details. In addition, the features, structures, or characteristics described below may be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner. 
     In the description of the present disclosure, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, “plurality” means two or more. The orientation or position relationship indicated by terms “upper,” “lower,” “left,” right,” inner,” and “outer” are only for the convenience and simplification of describing the present disclosure, do not indicate or imply that a device or an element referred herein must have a specific orientation or must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and hence cannot be construed as limiting the present disclosure. In addition, terms “first” and “second” are only used for illustration purpose, and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. 
     Words appeared in the description below for describing directions refer to directions in the drawings, and do not limit a specific structure of the embodiments of the present disclosure. In the description of the present disclosure, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms “installation” and “connection” should be interpreted in a broad sense. For example, the terms may refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. The connection may be direct or indirect. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meaning of the above-mentioned terms in the specification can be interpreted according to specific circumstances. 
     It is observed that various types of peripheral devices for different types of processors occupy different address spaces. When a program (e.g., a low-level program) developed for a first type of processors is applied to a second type of processors, addresses occupied by all types of peripheral devices involved in program developed for the first type of processors need to be modified, thereby increasing development workload. For example, the different types of processors can be processors with different architectures, such as processors with an X86 (compute language instruction set executed by a microprocessor) architecture and processors with an advanced reduced instruction set machine (Advanced RISC machine or ARM) architecture. 
     The present disclosure provides a processor interface assembly, an operation method thereof, and a processor. The processor interface assembly includes: a first interface circuit and a controller. The first interface circuit includes a plurality of sub-interface circuits configured to couple with a plurality of peripheral devices respectively. The controller includes a register configured to set a sub-address space occupied by at least one type of the plurality of peripheral devices based on at least part of data stored in the register. 
     For example, by setting the register in the controller of the processor interface assembly, the sub-address space occupied by at least one type of the plurality of peripheral devices can be set based n at least part of the data stored in the register. As such, when the program (e.g., low level program) developed for the first type of processors is applied to the second type of processors, and the sub-address space occupied by at least one type of the plurality of peripheral devices can be set by setting at least part of the data stored in the register, such that the sub-address space occupied by the at least one type of the plurality of peripheral devices matches the second type of processors, thereby reducing the development workload. 
     The processor interface assembly is described below in a non-limiting manner through embodiments and examples. As described below, under circumstances of no conflict, the specific embodiments and examples can be combined with each other to obtain additional embodiments and examples, which also fall within the scope of the present disclosure. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a schematic block diagram of an exemplary processor interface assembly  10  according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     In some embodiments, the processor interface assembly  100  includes a low pin count (LPC) interface circuit. For example, the LPC interface circuit provides operation modes such as an interrupt mode and a read-write mode. A register configured in the processor interface assembly  100  can be used to support the read-write mode of the LPC interface circuit. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the processor interface assembly  100  includes a first interface circuit  120  (e.g., the LPC interface circuit) and a controller  110  (e.g., an LPC controller). The first interface circuit  120  includes a plurality of sub-interface circuits (e.g., Int 1  to Int 4 ). The plurality of sub-interface circuits is configured to couple with multiple types of peripheral devices (e.g., De 1  to De 4 ), respectively. 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 1 , the plurality of sub-interface circuits (e.g., Int 1  to Int 4 ) may be coupled with the multiple types of peripheral devices through a first bus B 1  (e.g., an LPC bus), respectively. For example, as shown in  FIG. 1 , the processor interface assembly  100  further includes a second interface circuit  130 . The second interface circuit  130  is configured to couple with a second bus B 2  (e.g., an APB bus). For example, the second bus b 2  is coupled with a processor core. 
     In some embodiments, the number of the plurality of sub-interface circuits is equal to the number of the types of peripheral devices supported by the processor interface assembly  100 . For example, both are N, and N is a positive integer. For example, N=4. 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 1 , the plurality of sub-interface circuits includes a first sub-interface circuit Int 1 , a second sub-interface circuit Int 2 , a third sub-interface circuit Int 3 , and a fourth sub-interface circuit Int 4 . The multiple types of peripheral devices include a first-type peripheral device De 1 , a second-type peripheral device De 2 , a third-type peripheral device De 3 , and a fourth-type peripheral device De 4 . The first sub-interface circuit Int 1 , the second sub-interface circuit Int 2 , the third sub-interface circuit Int 3 , and the fourth sub-interface circuit Int 4  are coupled with the first-type peripheral device De 1 , the second-type peripheral device De 2 , the third-type peripheral device De 3 , and the fourth-type peripheral device De 4 , respectively, through the first bus B 1 . 
     In some embodiments, the first-type peripheral device De 1 , the second-type peripheral device De 2 , the third-type peripheral device De 3 , and the fourth-type peripheral device De 4  can be an input/output device, a random-access memory (RAM) device, a non-volatile memory device for storing firmware, and a direct memory access (DMA) device, respectively. 
     The multiple types of peripheral devices are configured to occupy a pre-determined address space. The pre-determined address space includes multiple sub-address spaces. For example, the number of the multiple sub-address spaces is equal to the number of the plurality of sub-interface circuits, and is equal to the number of multiple types of peripheral devices (e.g., all are N). for example, each of the multiple types of peripheral devices occupies a corresponding sub-address space in the multiple sub-address spaces. For example, different types of peripheral devices occupy (e.g., declared to occupy) different sub-address spaces. 
     In some embodiments, an address occupied by each peripheral device in each type of the multiple types of peripheral devices belongs to the sub-address space occupied (e.g., declared to occupy) by each type of the multiple types of peripheral devices. For example, the address occupied by each peripheral device in each type of the multiple types of peripheral devices is sent to the second interface circuit  130  or is received from the second interface circuit  130 . 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a schematic diagram of a pre-determined address space according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 2 , when the multiple types of peripheral devices include four types of peripheral devices, the multiple sub-address spaces include a first sub-address space ARa 1 , a second sub-address space ARa 2 , a third sub-address space ARa 3 , and a fourth sub-address space ARa 4 . For example, each of the first sub-address space ARa 1 , the second sub-address space ARa 2 , the third sub-address space ARa 3 , and the fourth sub-address space ARa 4  is a continuous address space. 
     In some embodiments, the processor interface assembly  100  (e.g., the LPC interface circuit of the ARM architecture) occupies an address space of 128 MB. The address space occupied by the processor interface assembly  100  can be 0x20000000-0x27FFFFFF (hexadecimal). The multiple types of peripheral devices may occupy at least a portion of the address space. For example, as shown in  FIG. 2 , the first sub-address space ARa 1  is 0x20000000-0x21FFFFD0, the second sub-address space ARa 2  is 0x22000000-0x23FFFFD0, the third sub-address space ARa 3  is 0x24000000-0x25FFFFD0, and the fourth sub-address space ARa 4  is 0x26000000-0x27FFFFD0. It should be noted that, ending addresses of the first sub-address space, the second sub-address space, the third sub-address space, and the fourth sub-address space given above are exemplary, and can be adjusted according to actual requirements. For example, the ending addresses of the first sub-address space, the second sub-address space, the third sub-address space, and the fourth sub-address space can be adjusted to 0x20FFFFFF, 0x22FFFFFF, 0x24FFFFFF, and 026FFFFFF, respectively. “0x” indicates that numbers succeeding “0x” are hexadecimal numbers. 
     In some embodiments, the multiple sub-address spaces are equal to each other. That is, a difference between the ending address and the starting address of each of the multiple sub-address spaces is equal to each other. 
     In some embodiments, at least one type of the multiple types of peripheral devices actually occupies an address space smaller than the address space occupied (e.g., declared to occupy) by the at least one type of the multiple types of peripheral devices. 
     In some embodiments, sizes of the multiple sub-address spaces are not less than a maximum size of the actually occupied address spaces. The maximum size of the actually occupied address spaces is the maximum address space of the address spaces actually occupied by the multiple types of peripheral devices. Thus, a problem that some peripheral devices are unable to occupy any address spaces can be avoided when the multiple types of peripheral devices actually occupy different sizes of the address spaces and the address spaces are exchanged. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the controller  110  includes a register  111 . The controller  110  is configured to set the sub-address space occupied by at least one type of the multiple types of peripheral devices (e.g., each and every type of the multiple types of peripheral devices) based on at least a portion of data stored in the register  111 . 
       FIG. 3  and  FIG. 4  illustrate schematic diagrams of four types of peripheral devices occupying four sub-address spaces according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 3 , the at least a portion of the data stored in the register  111  may be used to set that the first-type peripheral device De 1 , the second-type peripheral device De 2 , the third-type peripheral device De 3 , and the fourth-type peripheral device De 4  occupy the first sub-address space ARa 1 , the second sub-address space ARa 2 , the third sub-address space ARa 3 , and the fourth sub-address space ARa 4 , respectively. In some other embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 4 , the at least a portion of the data stored in the register  111  may be used to set that the first-type peripheral device De 1 , the second-type peripheral device De 2 , the third-type peripheral device De 3 , and the fourth-type peripheral device De 4  occupy the fourth sub-address space ARa 4 , the second sub-address space ARa 2 , the third sub-address space ARa 3 , and the first sub-address space ARa 1 , respectively. 
     In some embodiments, the register  111  includes N groups of data bits corresponding to N sub-interface circuits, respectively. For example, the register  111  is configured to store binary numbers (0 or 1). 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a schematic diagram of a register  111  according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 5 , the N groups of data bits includes a first-group data bits D 1 , a second-group data bits D 2 , a third-group data bits D 3 , and a fourth-group data bits D 4 , that correspond to the first sub-interface circuit Int 1 , the second sub-interface circuit Int 2 , the third sub-interface circuit Int 3 , and the fourth sub-interface circuit Int 4 , respectively, and are configured to set the sub-address spaces occupied by the peripheral devices coupled with the first sub-interface circuit Int 1 , the second sub-interface circuit Int 2 , the third sub-interface circuit Int 3 , and the fourth sub-interface circuit Int 4 . 
     In some embodiments, each of the N groups of data bits corresponds to m data bits in the register  111 , where m is a positive integer. In some embodiments, m×N is smaller than or equal to the number of data bits in the register  111 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 5 , m=2, the first-group data bits D 1  correspond to the 0 th  and the 1 st  data bits in the register  111 . The second-group data bits D 2  correspond to the 2 nd  and the 3 rd  data bits in the register  111 . The third-group data bits D 3  correspond to the 4 th  and the 5 th  data bits in the register  111 . The fourth-group data bits D 4  correspond to the 6 th  and the 7 th  data bits in the register  111 . 
     In some embodiments, the N groups of data bits are used to store N m-bit binary numbers. In some embodiments, the N m-bit binary numbers stored in the N groups of data bits are different to prevent different types of peripheral devices from occupying a same sub-address space. For example, the N m-bit binary numbers correspond to N sub-address spaces. For example, the first m-bit binary number, the second m-bit binary number, the third m-bit binary number, and the fourth m-bit binary number correspond to the first sub-address space ARa 1 , the second sub-address space ARa 2 , the third sub-address space ARa 3 , and the fourth sub-address space ARa 4 , respectively. For example, the first m-bit binary number, the second m-bit binary number, the third m-bit binary number, and the fourth m-bit binary number are “00”, “01”, “10”, and “11”, respectively. 
       FIG. 6  illustrate a schematic diagram of data stored in the register in  FIG. 5 . In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 6 , the data stored in the register  111  is “11100100” (binary, corresponding to e4 in hexadecimal). In this case, the m-bit binary numbers stored in the first-group data bits D 1 , the second-group data bits D 2 , the third-group data bits D 3 , and the fourth-group data bits D 4  are the first m-bit binary number “00”, the second m-bit binary number “01”, the third m-bit binary number “10”, and the fourth m-bit binary number “11”. 
     In some embodiments, the controller  110  is further configured to: based on the m-bit binary number stored in the kth-group data bits of the N groups of data bits, determine the sub-address space occupied by the peripheral device coupled with the kth sub-interface circuit (corresponding to the kth-group data bits) of the N sub-interface circuits, where k is a positive integer, that is smaller than or equal to N. For example, the sub-address space occupied by the peripheral device coupled to the kth sub-interface circuit is set to the sub-address space corresponding to the binary number stored in the kth-group data bits corresponding to the kth sub-interface circuit. 
     In some embodiments, for the data stored in the register  111  shown in  FIG. 6 , the controller  110  may set the sub-address space occupied by the peripheral device De 1  coupled with the first sub-interface circuit Int 1  to the first sub-address space ARa 1  based on the first binary number “00” stored in the first-group data bits D 1 , set the sub-address space occupied by the peripheral device De 2  coupled with the second sub-interface circuit Int 2  to the second sub-address space ARa 2  based on the second binary number “01” stored in the second-group data bits D 2 , set the sub-address space occupied by the peripheral device De 3  coupled with the third sub-interface circuit Int 3  to the third sub-address space ARa 3  based on the third binary number “10” stored in the third-group data bits D 3 , and set the sub-address space occupied by the peripheral device De 4  coupled with the fourth sub-interface circuit Int 4  to the fourth sub-address space ARa 4  based on the fourth binary number “11” stored in the fourth-group data bits D 4 , that is, the correspondence between the four types of peripheral devices and the four sub-address spaces, as shown in  FIG. 3 . 
     In some embodiments, the default value (e.g., the reset value) of the data stored in the register  111  may be “11100100” as shown in  FIG. 6 . Accordingly, the correspondence between the four types of peripheral devices and the four sub-address spaces is illustrated in  FIG. 3 . 
       FIG. 7  illustrate a schematic diagram of data stored in the register in  FIG. 5 . In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 7 , the data stored in the register  111  is “00100111 (binary number, corresponding to 27 in hexadecimal). The m-bit binary numbers stored in the first-group data bits D 1 , the second-group data bits D 2 , the third-group data bits D 3 , and the four-group data bits D 4  are the fourth m-bit binary number “11”, the second m-bit binary number “01”, the third m-bit binary number “10”, and the first m-bit binary number “00”, respectively. In this case, based on the data stored in the register  111 , the controller  110  may set the sub-address space occupied by the peripheral device De 1  coupled with the first sub-interface circuit Int 1  to the fourth sub-address space ARa 4 , set the sub-address space occupied by the peripheral device De 2  coupled with the second sub-interface circuit Int 2  to the second sub-address space ARa 2 , set the sub-address space occupied by the peripheral device De 3  coupled with the third sub-interface circuit Int 3  to the third sub-address space ARa 3 , and set the sub-address space occupied by the peripheral device De 4  coupled with the fourth sub-interface circuit Int 4  to the first sub-address space ARa 1 , that is, the correspondence between the four types of peripheral devices and the four sub-address spaces, as shown in  FIG. 4 . 
     In some embodiments, the controller  110  is further configured to: based on the m-bit binary number stored in the kth-group data bits of the N groups of data bits, set the address occupied by the peripheral device coupled with the kth sub-interface circuit to the address space that belongs to the peripheral device coupled with the kth sub-interface circuit. The address occupied by the peripheral device coupled with the kth sub-interface circuit can be sent to the second interface circuit  130 , or can be received from the second interface circuit  130 . 
     In some embodiments, based on the m-bit binary number stored in the kth-group data bits of the N groups of data bits, the controller  110  may set a value of the highest pre-determined number of data bits of the address occupied by the peripheral device coupled with the kth sub-interface circuit, such that the address occupied by the peripheral device coupled with the kth sub-interface circuit belongs to the address space occupied by the peripheral device coupled with the kth sub-interface circuit. 
     In some embodiments, the values of the highest pre-determined numbers of data bits of the addresses corresponding to the first m-bit binary number “00”, the second m-bit binary number “01”, the third m-bit binary number “10”, and the fourth m-bit binary number “11” are hexadecimal numbers “20”, “22”, “24”, and “26”, respectively, that is, binary numbers “00100000”, “00100010”, “00100100”, and “00100110”, respectively. 
     In some embodiments, based on the first m-bit binary number “00”, the value of the highest two data bits of the address occupied by the peripheral device can be set to the hexadecimal number “20”, such that the address occupied by the peripheral device, that is set based on the first m-bit binary number “00” belongs to the first sub-address space ARa 1  (e.g., the first sub-address space ARa 1  includes 0x20000000-0x20FFFFFF). Based on the second m-bit binary number “01”, the value of the highest two data bits of the address occupied by the peripheral device can be set to the hexadecimal number “22”, such that the address occupied by the peripheral device, that is set based on the second m-bit binary number “01” belongs to the second sub-address space ARa 2  (e.g., the second sub-address space ARa 2  includes 0x22000000-0x22FFFFFF). Based on the third m-bit binary number “10”, the value of the highest two data bits of the address occupied by the peripheral device can be set to the hexadecimal number “24”, such that the address occupied by the peripheral device, that is set based on the third m-bit binary number “10” belongs to the third sub-address space ARa 3  (e.g., the third sub-address space ARa 3  includes 0x24000000-0x24FFFFFF). Based on the fourth m-bit binary number “11”, the value of the highest two data bits of the address occupied by the peripheral device can be set to the hexadecimal number “26”, such that the address space occupied by the peripheral device, that is set based on the fourth m-bit binary number “11” belongs to the fourth sub-address space ARa 4  (e.g., the fourth sub-address space ARa 4  includes 0x26000000-0x26FFFFFF). 
     In some embodiments, the controller  110  is further configured to: receive a second address corresponding to the peripheral device coupled with the kth sub-interface circuit from the kth sub-interface circuit, and based on the m-bit binary number stored in the kth-group data bits of the N groups of data bits, convert the second address into a third address. 
     In some embodiments, the second address may be an address assigned to the peripheral device by a processor of a different type from the processor where the processor interface assembly  100  is located. For example, the processor of a different type from the processor where the processor interface assembly  100  is located assigns the second address (e.g., 0xDFFFFF) to an I/O device (e.g., a mouse). During operation, the controller  110  receives the second address, converts the second address (e.g., 0xDFFFFF) to the third address (e.g., 0x20DFFFFF), and provides the third address to the second interface circuit  130 . 
     In some embodiments, the third address is the address occupied by the peripheral device coupled with the kth sub-interface circuit, belongs to the sub-address space occupied by the peripheral device coupled with the kth sub-interface circuit, and is provided to the second interface circuit  130 . 
     In some embodiments, the controller  110  is further configured to set the value of the highest pre-determined number of data bits for the third address based on the m-bit binary number stored in the kth-group data bits of the N groups of data bits, and to set values of remaining data bits for the third address based on the second address. For example, the third address can be obtained by adding a pre-determined number of data bits before the second address, and setting the value of the pre-determined number of data bits based on the m-bit binary number stored in the kth-group data bits of the N groups of data bits. For example, the second address corresponding to the peripheral device coupled with the kth sub-interface circuit may be 0xDFFFFF. The m-bit binary number stored in the kth-group data bits is “00”. Based on the m-bit binary number “00” stored in the kth-group data bits, the third address (e.g., the address occupied by the peripheral device coupled with the kth sub-interface circuit) can be set to 0x20DFFFFF). 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a schematic block diagram of another exemplary processor interface  100  assembly according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The conversion from the second address to the third address by the controller  110  is described further with reference to  FIG. 8 . In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 8 , the controller  110  further includes an address conversion circuit  170  and a first signal terminal  101 . The first signal terminal  101  is configured to couple with the second interface circuit  130 . A first input terminal of the address conversion circuit  170  is configured to receive the second address A 2  corresponding to the peripheral device coupled with the kth sub-interface circuit. 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 8 , the controller  110  further includes a multiplexer  160  and a plurality of second signal terminals  102 . The multiplexer  160  includes a control terminal  163 , a third signal terminal  162 , and a plurality of fourth signal terminals  161 . The third signal terminal  162  is configured to couple with the first signal terminal  101 . The plurality of fourth signal terminals  161  are configured to be the plurality of second signal terminals  102  and are coupled with the plurality of sub-interface circuits (e.g., Int 1  to Int 4 ). 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 8 , each of the plurality of sub-interface circuits is configured to receive the second address A 2  from the peripheral device coupled with each of the plurality of sub-interface circuits. For example, as shown in  FIG. 8 , when the third signal terminal  162  is electrically connected to each of the plurality of sub-interface circuits through each of the plurality of fourth signal terminals  161 , the second address A 2  is transferred to the third signal terminal  162  and further to the first input terminal of the address conversion circuit  170 . 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 8 , a second input terminal of the address conversion circuit  170  is configured to receive the portion of the data (e.g., the m-bit binary number stored in the kth-group data bits) stored in the register  111  and corresponding to the kth sub-interface circuit. 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 8 , the address conversion circuit  170  is further configured to convert the second address into the third address based on the value of the portion of the data stored in the register  111  and corresponding to the kth sub-interface circuit, and to provide the third address to the first signal terminal  101  through an output terminal of the address conversion circuit  170 . 
     In some embodiments, the second address A 2  includes x data bits (e.g., binary bits), where x is a positive integer. For example, the second address A 2  may be “110111111111111111111111” (a binary number, corresponding to hexadecimal DFFFFF). The second address includes 24 data bits, that is, x=24. 
     In some embodiments, the address conversion circuit  170  is further configured to add z data bits (e.g., binary data bits) before the highest data bit of the second address based on the portion of the data stored in the register  111  and corresponding to the kth sub-interface circuit, and to make the values of the added x data bits all have the same pre-determined value to generate an intermediate address, where z is a positive integer. For example, z is equal to 8 and the same pre-determined value is 1. In this case, the intermediate data generated based on the second address is “111111111101111111111111111111” (binary number, corresponding to hexadecimal FFDFFFFF). 
     In some embodiments, the address conversion circuit  170  is further configured to generate the intermediate data based on the portion (e.g., the m-bit binary number stored in the kth-group data bits) of the data stored in the register  111  and corresponding to the kth sub-interface circuit. The values of lowest x data bits of the intermediate data all the same pre-determined value. For example, the number of the data bits of the intermediate data is equal to the number of the data bits of the intermediate address. For example, the highest x data bits of the intermediate data (e.g., the m pre-determined data bits among the highest x data bits) include the m-bit binary number stored in the kth-group data bits. For example, when the m-bit binary number stored in the kth-group data bits is “00”, the highest z data bits of the intermediate data is “00100000”. When the m-bit binary number stored in the kth-group data bits is “01”, the highest z data bits of the intermediate data is “00100010”. When the m-bit binary number stored in the kth-group data bits is “10”, the highest z data bits of the intermediate data is “00100100”. When the m-bit binary number stored in the kth-group data bits is “11”, the highest z data bits of the intermediate data is “00100110”. 
     In some embodiments, when the m-bit binary number stored in the kth-group data bits is “00”, the generated intermediate data is “00100000111111111111111111111111” (binary number, corresponding to hexadecimal 20FFFFFF). 
     In some embodiments, the address conversion circuit  170  further includes a plurality of logic operators. A first terminal and a second terminal of the plurality of logic operators are configured to receive the intermediate address and the intermediate data, respectively. The plurality of logic operators is configured to perform logic operations on the data of the data bits corresponding to the intermediate address and the intermediate data to generate the third address and output the third address through the plurality of logic operators. 
     In some embodiments, when the same pre-determined value is 1, the plurality of logic operators is logic AND operators, and the plurality of logic operators is configured to perform logic AND operations on the data of the corresponding data bits of the intermediate address and the intermediate data. For example, the data obtained by performing the logic AND operation on the data “110111111111111111111111” of the low 24 data bits of the intermediate address and the data “111111111111111111111111” of the low 24 data bits of the intermediate data is the same as the data of the low 24 data bits of the intermediate address, that is, “110111111111111111111111” (binary number, corresponding to hexadecimal DFFFFF). For example, the data obtained by performing the logic AND operation on the data “11111111” of the high 8 data bits of the intermediate address and the data “00100000” of the high 8 data bits of the intermediate data is the same as the data of the high 8 data bits of the intermediate data, that is “00100000”. Thus, by performing the logic AND operation on the data of the corresponding data bits of the intermediate address and the intermediate data, the generated third address is “00100000110111111111111111111111” (binary number, corresponding to hexadecimal 20DFFFFF). The third address belongs to the first sub-address space ARa 1 . 
     In some embodiments, when the same pre-determined value is 0, the plurality of logic operators is logic OR operators, and the plurality of logic operators is configured to perform logic OR operations on the data of the corresponding data bits of the intermediate address and the intermediate data. For example, the second address A 2  is “110111111111111111111111” (binary number, corresponding to hexadecimal DFFFFF). The intermediate address generated based on the second address A 2  is “0000000011111111110111111111111111111111” (binary number, corresponding to hexadecimal OOFFDFFFFF). When the m-bit binary number stored in the kth-group data bits is “00”, the generated intermediate data is “00100000000000000000000000000000” (binary number, corresponding to hexadecimal 20000000). In this case, the data obtained by performing the logic OR operation on the data of the low 24 data bits of the intermediate address and the data of the low 24 data bits of the intermediate data is the same as the data of the low 24 data bits of the intermediate data, that is, “110111111111111111111111” (binary number, corresponding to hexadecimal DFFFFF). The data obtained by performing the logic OR operation on the data “00000000” of the high 8 data bits of the intermediate address and the data “00100000” of the high 8 data bits of the intermediate data is the same as the data of the high 8 data bits of the intermediate data, that is “00100000”. Thus, by performing the logic OR operation on the data of the corresponding data bits of the intermediate address and the intermediate data, the generated third address is “00100000110111111111111111111111” (binary number, corresponding to hexadecimal 20DFFFFF). The third address belongs to the first sub-address space ARa 1 . 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 8 , the second interface circuit  130  is configured to receive the first address A 1  and data associated with the first address A 1  from the second bus B 2 , and provide the first address A 1  and the data associated with eth first address A 1  to the controller  110 . The controller  110  is further configured to: based on the data and the first address A 1  stored in the register  111 , distribute the data associated with the first address A 1  to some of the plurality of sub-interface circuits corresponding to the first address A 1 . For example, the data associated with the first address A 1  may include data of used as instructions. For example, the number of the data bits (e.g., binary data bits) of the first address A 1  is equal to the number of the data bits (e.g., binary data bits) of the third address A 3 . 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 8 , the controller  110  further includes an address comparison circuit  150 . The first signal terminal  101  of the controller  110  is configured to receive the first address A 1  from the second interface circuit  130 . A first input terminal of the address comparison circuit  150  is configured to couple with the first signal terminal  101  to receive the first address A 1  from the first signal terminal  101 . 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 8 , a second input terminal of the address comparison circuit  150  is configured to couple with the register  111  to receive at least a portion of the data stored in the register  111  from the register  111 . 
     In some embodiments, the address comparison circuit  150  is configured to generate a control signal CTL based on the first address A 1  and at least a portion of the data stored in the register  111 . For example, the address comparison circuit  150  is configured to determine the sub-interface circuit corresponding to the first address A 1  by comparing the data of pre-determined data bits (e.g., the fifth and the sixth data bits) of the first address A 1  with the at least a portion of the data stored in the register  111 , and to generate the control signal CTL to allow the fourth signal terminal  161  that is coupled with the sub-interface circuit corresponding to the first address A 1  to electrically connect to the third signal terminal  162 . 
     In some embodiments, the data of the pre-determined data bits of the first address A 1  may be sequentially compared with the N m-bit binary numbers stored in the N groups of data bits, respectively, to determine which data bits of the N groups of data bits store the m-bit binary number that is equal to the data of the pre-determined data bits of the first address A 1 , and to further determine the sub-interface circuit corresponding to the first address A 1  to be the sub-interface circuit corresponding to the data bits storing the data of the pre-determined data bits of the first address A 1 . 
     In some embodiments, the data of the fifth and the sixth data bits of the addresses 0x20FFFFFF, 0x22FFFFFF, 0x24FFFFFF, and 0x26FFFFFF are “00”, “01”, “10”, and “11”, respectively. For example, the m-bit binary numbers stored in the first-group data bits, the second-group data bits, the third-group data bits, and the fourth-group data bits are “00”, “01”, “10”, and “11”, respectively (respectively corresponding to the first sub-interface circuit Int 1 , the second sub-interface circuit Int 2 , the third sub-interface circuit Int 3 , and the fourth sub-interface circuit Int 4 ). When the data of the pre-determined data bits of the first address A 1  is “00”, the sub-interface circuit corresponding to the first address A 1  can be determined to be the first sub-interface circuit Int 1  corresponding to the first-group data bits that store the binary number “00”. 
     In some embodiments, the control terminal  163  of the multiplexer  160  is configured to couple with an output terminal of the address comparison circuit  150  to receive the control signal CTL. The third signal terminal  162  is configured to couple with the first signal terminal  101  to receive the data associated with the first address A 1  from the first signal terminal  101 . The multiplexer  160  is further configured to electrically connect the third signal terminal  162  with the fourth signal terminal  161  that is coupled with the sub-interface circuit corresponding to the first address A 1  based on the control signal CTL to distribute the data associated with the first address A 1  to the sub-interface circuit corresponding to the first address A 1 . 
     In some embodiments, the controller  110  is further configured to: convert the first address A 1  into a fourth address A 4 , and distribute the fourth address A 4  to the sub-interface circuit corresponding to the first address A 1  among the plurality of sub-interface circuits. For example, the peripheral device corresponding to the first address A 1  can be accessed based on the fourth address A 4 . For example, the number of the data bits (e.g., binary data bits) of the fourth address A 4  is equal to the number of the data bits (e.g., binary data bits) of the second address A 2 . For example, the first address A 1  can be converted into the fourth address A 4  by removing or modifying the highest pre-determined number of data bits of the first address A 1 . 
     In some embodiments, the controller  110  is further configured to: associate the data associated with the first address A 1  with the fourth address A 4 , and distribute the associated fourth address A 4  and the data associated with the first address A 1  to the sub-interface circuit corresponding to the first address A 1  among the plurality of sub-interface circuits. 
     The following points need to be explained. 
     (1) The processor interface assembly is not limited to being applied to the LPC interface circuit, but can also be applied to other applicable interface circuits. Accordingly, types of the first bus B 1  and the second bus B 2  can be adjusted according to a type of the interface circuit. 
     (2) For the convenience of description, the method of converting the second address A 2  into the third address A 3  is described as an example by adding a pre-determined number of data bits before the highest data bit of the second address. However, at least one of the embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited to this method. For example, the second address A 2  can also be converted into the third address A 3  by adjusting the highest pre-determined number of data bits of the second address A 2 . The description thereof is omitted. 
     (3) For the convenience of description, the number of types of the plurality of peripheral devices, the number of the multiple sub-address spaces, the number of the plurality of sub-interface circuits, and the number of multiple groups of data bits all are 4 as an example for illustration. However, at least one of the embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited to this number. For example, the types and numbers of the plurality of peripheral devices can also be set to 3, 5, or other suitable values. 
     (4) in some embodiments, the sub-address space occupied by each type of the plurality of peripheral devices is the sub-address space that the type of the peripheral device declared to occupy. An actual size of the address space occupied by the type of the peripheral device may be smaller than the sub-address space that the type of the peripheral device declared to occupy. 
     In some embodiments, the type of the peripheral device corresponding to the APB interface address can be configured by setting at least a portion of the data stored in the register in the controller of the processor interface assembly. The address space allocated by the processor where the processor interface assembly is located to the peripheral device is mapped with the address space allocated by another processor to the peripheral device, such that the processor where the processor interface assembly consistent with the present disclosure is located can be compatible with programs developed on another processor platform, without the need for developers to modify the address space in the program one by one, thereby improving adaptability of the processor interface assembly. 
     In some embodiments, the processor interface assembly further includes a second register used in the interrupt mode. The second register includes at least one interrupt mask identification bit. For example, when an interrupt mask identification bit is set to a first value (e.g., 1), a corresponding interrupt request received from a peripheral device is masked and cannot be reported to the processor core. When the interrupt mask identification bit is set to a second value (e.g., 0), the corresponding interrupt request received from the peripheral device can be reported to the processor core. For example, the interrupt mode of the processor interface assembly includes a serial interrupt mode and a DMA interrupt mode. For example, the second register includes two interrupt mask identification bits. The high bit is the mask identification bit for a serial interrupt, and the low bit is the mask identification bit for a DMA interrupt. For example, by enabling the processor interface assembly to further include the second register for the interrupt modes, it is possible to control whether to allow an interrupt in a software manner. 
     The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. 
     The present disclosure also provides a processor (e.g., a processor chip).  FIG. 9  illustrates a schematic diagram of an exemplary processor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 9 , the processor includes a disclosed processor interface assembly. 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 9 , the processor further includes a processor core. The processor core sends the first address and the data related to (e.g., associated with) the first address to the processor interface assembly. The processor interface assembly is configured to, based on the first address and the value in the register included in the processor interface assembly, transfer the data related to the first address to the sub-interface circuit corresponding to the first address, and distribute the data elated to the first address to the sub-interface circuit corresponding to first address through the first bus (e.g., LPC bus). In some embodiments, the processor interface assembly is configured to receive the second address and the data related to (e.g., associated with) the second address from the peripheral device, convert the second address into the third address, and transfer the third address and the data related to the second address to the processor core through the second bus (e.g., APB bus). In some embodiments, the processor interface assembly is further configured to associate the third address with the data related to the second address, and transfer the associated third address and the data related to the second address to the processor core through the second bus (e.g., APB bus). In some embodiments, the distribution of the data related to the first address and the conversion of the second address can be referred to the processor interface assembly, and the description thereof is omitted. In some embodiments, the processor may be compatible with the programs developed on another processor platform without the need for developers to modify the address space in the program one by one, thereby improving the adaptability of the processor interface assembly. 
     The present disclosure also provides an operation method for the processor interface assembly consistent with the embodiments of the present disclosure. The operation method includes: modifying at least a portion of the data stored in the register to adjust the sub-address space occupied by the at least one type of peripheral devices among the plurality of peripheral devices. In some embodiments, by modifying the at least a portion of the stat stored in the register to adjust the sub-address space occupied by the at least one type of peripheral devices among the plurality of peripheral devices, developers may avoid modifying the address space in the program one by one, thereby improving the adaptability of the processor interface assembly. 
     In some embodiments, the number of the plurality of sub-interface circuits and the number of the multiple sub-address spaces all are N, where N is a positive integer. The register includes the N groups of data bits corresponding to the N sub-interface circuits, respectively. Each of the N groups of data bits includes m-bit binary number in the register. The N groups of data bits are configured to store N m-bit binary numbers, respectively. The operation method further includes: making the N m-bit binary numbers stored in the N groups of data bits different from each other. For example, by making the N m-bit binary numbers stored in the N groups of data bits different from each other, it is possible to prevent different types of peripheral devices from occupying the same sub-address space. 
     Although general descriptions and specific implementations have been used above to describe the present disclosure in detail, some modifications or improvements can be made on the basis of the embodiments of the present disclosure, which is obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure all fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present disclosure. 
     The above descriptions are merely exemplary implementations of the present disclosure, and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present disclosure, which is determined by the appended claims.