Patent Publication Number: US-2005135202-A1

Title: Magneto-optic optical miniaturized module and magneto-optic optical pickup device

Description:
This nonprovisional application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-425636 filed with the Japan Patent Office on Dec. 22, 2003 the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.  
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
      1. Field of the Invention  
      The present invention relates generally to optical miniaturized modules employed to optically record or reproduce information on or from optical disks or similar information storage media, and optical pickup devices equipped therewith, and particularly to magneto-optic optical miniaturized modules and magneto-optic optical pickup devices.  
      2. Description of the Background Art  
       FIG. 12  is a cross section of a conventional optical pickup device disclosed in Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 08-297875.  
      The optical pickup device includes an optical miniaturized module and an objective lens. The module includes a source of light, polarization separation means and the like is formed integrally. Objective lens  113  is arranged between the module and a magneto-optic storage medium  130  and formed to focus laser light on the medium  130  recording surface.  
      The module includes a source of light  111  providing lased light, a grating  116  receiving the laser light from the source of light  111  to separate the light into three beams, and a base  140  arranged between the source of light  111  and objective lens  113 . Base  140  has an upper surface provided with first polarization separation means  112  receiving light reflected from medium  130  to separate the reflected light in the direction of the radius of medium  130 .  
      Base  140  has a lower surface provided with second polarization separation means  114   a,    114   b  receiving the separated reflected light for further separation. Below the second polarization separation means  114   a,    114   b  is arranged a photodetector  115  receiving the further separated reflected light. Photodetector  115  includes a group of light receiving portions  115   a  and a group of light receiving portions  115   b.    
      The first polarization separation means  112  is implemented by a polarization hologram implemented by a double refraction diffraction grating.  FIG. 13  is a perspective view of a polarization hologram  117  serving as the first polarization separation means  112 . Polarization hologram  117  receives incident light and transmits an ordinary ray while diffracts an extra ordinary ray. Polarization hologram  117  has a grating  125 , which is formed linearly and has a fixed pitch.  
      The first polarization separation means  112  or a polarization hologram is formed to provide a phase difference φ of approximately 70° for an ordinary ray and that of approximately 130° or approximately 230° for an extra ordinary ray. Furthermore, it is also formed to provide a 0th-order diffraction efficiency of 67% and +1st-order diffraction efficiencies in total of 27% for ordinary ray, and a 0th-order diffraction efficiency of 18% and ±1st-order diffraction efficiencies in total of 76% for extra ordinary ray. Medium  130  has information reproduced in accordance with Kerr effect. Medium  130  provides reflected light, which has a polarization plane rotated (Kerr rotated) in accordance with information recorded on medium  130 . The first polarization separation means  112  formed to provide the above-described diffraction efficiencies provides a multiplied Kerr rotation angle of light reflected by medium  130 . In other words, the first polarization separation means  112  has an enhancement function providing a multiplied Kerr rotation angle of light reflected by medium  130 .  
      The second polarization separation means  114   a,    114   b  is polarization separation means for detecting a behavior of a magneto-optical signal. The second polarization separation means  114   a  separates a +1st-order diffracted beam  112   a  formed by the first polarization separation means  112 . The second polarization separation means  114   b  separates a −1st-order diffracted beam  112   b  formed by the first polarization separation means  112 .  
      The second polarization separation means  114   a,    114   b,  as well as the first polarization separation means  112 , is implemented by a polarization hologram formed of a double refraction diffraction grating having such a structure as shown in  FIG. 13 . More specifically, the second polarization separation means  114   a,    114   b  is implemented by a polarization hologram including parallel linear bars. The polarization hologram is formed to transmit an ordinary ray while diffract an extra ordinary ray. The second polarization separation means  114   a,    114   b  is formed to provide a phase difference 4 of approximately 0° for ordinary ray and that of approximately 180° for extra ordinary ray.  
       FIG. 14  is a plan view of photodetector  115  in the  FIG. 12  optical pickup device. Photodetector  115  is formed to receive ±1st-order diffracted beams  112   a,    112   b  provided by the first polarization separation means  112 . The reflected light is diffracted by the first polarization separation means  112  in the direction of the radius of medium  130  (see  FIG. 12 ). The groups of light receiving portions  115   a,    115   b  are aligned as seen in this direction. Groups  115   a  and  115   b  are provided to receive the +1st-order and −1st-order diffracted beams, respectively, from the first polarization separation means.  
      Group  115   a  includes light receiving portions  118 ,  119   a,    119   b  and  120  to receive laser light divided by grating  116  into three beams in a direction perpendicular to that of the radius of medium  130 . The group  115   a  light receiving portions receive a beam transmitted through the second polarization separation means and a −1st-order diffracted beam therefrom.  
      Similarly, group  115   b  includes light receiving portions  121 ,  122   a,    122   b  and  123  to receive light divided by grating  116  into three beams. The group  115   b  light receiving portions receive a beam transmitted through the second polarization separation means and a +1st-order diffracted beam therefrom. As shown in  FIG. 14 , for each light receiving portion a spot R190 on which laser light impinges is indicated in the form of a circle for the sake of simplicity.  
      Group  115   a  at a row indicated by an arrow  114   a   0  receives a laser beam of light transmitted through the second polarization separation means  114   a  and at a row indicated by an arrow  114   a B receives the −1st-order diffracted beam from the second polarization separation means  114   a.  Similarly group  115   b  at a row indicated by an arrow  114   b   0  receives a laser beam of light transmitted through the second polarization separation means  114   b  and at a row indicated by an arrow  114   b A receives the +1st-order diffracted beam from the second polarization separation means  114   b.  Throughout the description of the background art, the left- and right-hand sides as seen in a direction X (the direction of the radius of the medium) in  FIG. 14  are indicated as a “positive (+) side” and a “negative (−) side”, respectively.  
      Group  115   a  has a center light receiving portion, as seen in a direction Y (the medium&#39;s tangential direction), divided into light receiving portions  119   a  and  119   b  formed to be capable of receiving the second polarization separation means&#39; transmitted and −1st-order diffracted beams, respectively, separately. Similarly, group  115   b  has light receiving portions  112   a  and  112   b  formed to be aligned in direction X.  
      Furthermore, light receiving portions  119   a,    119   b,    122   a,    112   b  are divided by two lines parallel to direction X to detect a focus error signal by differential 3-division method. These portions are each divided into three portions to provide a center narrow portion and larger side portions sandwiching the center portion.  
      A reproduced magnet-optic signal MO 1  is represented by the following equation: 
 
 MO   1 =( S   119   a−S   119   b )+( S   122   b−S   122   a )   (1) 
 
 wherein a detected signal obtained at each light receiving portion is indicated by a reference character indicating the light receiving portion preceded by the letter “S”. In expression (1) the first term (S 119   a −S 119   b ) is a differential signal by detected signals of the transmitted and −1st-order diffracted beams provided through the second polarization separation means  114   a  and the second term (S 122   b −S 122   a ) is a differential signal by detected signals of the transmitted and +I st-order diffracted beams provided through the second polarization separation means  114   b.  
 
      In a suitable embodiment described in Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 08-297875 magnet-optic signal MO 1  is formed of a signal obtained by detecting a differential between the transmitted and −1st-order diffracted beams of the second polarization separation means  114   a  and a signal obtained by detecting a differential between the transmitted and +1st-order diffracted beams of the second polarization separation means  114   b.  In the present invention a system employing expression (1) to form a magnet-optic signal will be referred to as a “first MO signal generation system.” 
      In  FIG. 14  each light receiving portion&#39;s spot has a profile generally indicated by a circle for the sake of simplicity. In reality, however, the photodetector&#39;s light receiving portion receives a laser beam of light in a spot having a profile deformed rather than generally circular since diffracted light causes aberration. This deformation is attributed to aberration caused as reflected light is incident obliquely on the first or second polarization separation means formed of a substrate for example of lithium niobate. If the first or second polarization separation means includes a base formed for example of glass or resin or similar optical material, the aberration can further be increased.  
      With reference to  FIGS. 15A and 15B , a simulation device is used to obtain a spot on a photodetector and in accordance with the spot a light receiving portion is formed for a photodetector, as shown in a plan view.  
      In the first MO signal generation system, for the group of light receiving portions  115   a  the second polarization separation means&#39; transmitted and −1st-order diffracted beams alone are used, and for the group of light receiving portions  115   b  the second polarization separation means&#39; transmitted and +1st-order diffracted beams alone are used. In other words, of the 1st-order diffracted beams of the second polarization separation means  114   a  and  114   b,  one diffracted beam is used for one group and the other diffracted beam for the other group.  
      For the photodetector, a photodetector can also be suggested that employs both +1st-order and −1st-order diffracted beams of the second polarization separation means  114   a  and  114   b.  A photodetector can also be proposed that has the group of light receiving portions  115   a  shown in  FIG. 15A  provided with a light receiving portion  119   c  indicated by a broken line, and the group of light receiving portions  115   b  shown in  FIG. 15B  provided with a light receiving portion  112   c  indicated by a broken line. This photodetector obtains a magneto-optic signal MO 2  represented by the following expression: 
 
 MO   2 ={ S   119   a −( S   119   b+S   119   c )}+{ S   122   a −( S   122   b+S   122   c )}  (2) 
 
      In the following description a system employing expression (2) to obtain magneto-optic signal MO 2  will be referred to as a “second MO signal generation system.” 
      Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 08-297875 does not describe the second polarization separation means&#39; diffraction efficiency. However the second polarization separation means&#39; disclosed configuration in theory allows a 0th-order diffraction efficiency of 100% for ordinary ray and a +1st-order diffraction efficiencies of 40.5% for extra ordinary ray.  
      In detecting a differential signal of a magneto-optic signal, to reduce a common mode noise attributed to variation in intensity of laser light output from a source of light and variation in reflectance of a magneto-optic storage medium it is preferable that an information signal be detected by using ordinary and extra ordinary rays&#39; components having substantially equal quantities of light.  
      If the information signal is obtained from a difference between a signal of a transmitted beam (a 0th-order diffracted beam) and a signal of a +1st-order diffracted beam or a difference between a signal of a transmitted beam and a signal of a −1st-order diffracted beam, as described in the first MO signal generation system, the ordinary and extra ordinary rays&#39; components have their quantities of light at an unbalanced ratio of 100:45, and common mode noise is insufficiently reduced.  
      The angle formed by the direction of the optical axis of the second polarization separation means and that of polarization of incident light can be shifted from 45° to provide a ratio in quantity of light of 1:1. This, however, results in reduced carrier level and hence reduced carrier to noise ratio (C/N). Accordingly the imbalance of the ratio in quantity of light between the ordinary and extra ordinary rays&#39; components is preferably reduced by adopting the second MO signal generation system obtaining an information signal from a difference between the sum of ±1st-order diffracted beams and a 0th-order diffracted beam.  
      In the second MO signal generation system ordinary and extra ordinary rays&#39; components have their quantities of light at a ratio of 100:81, and as compared with the first MO signal generation system, the second MO signal generation system resolves the imbalance of the ratio in quantity of light and significantly reduces common mode noise. The second MO signal generation system, however, requires light receiving portions  119   c  and  122   c,  as shown in  FIGS. 15A and 15B . Note that light receiving portions  119   c  and  112   c  each has a spot having a profile larger than those of the other spots. In particular, it is larger in the direction of the radius of the medium (or direction X). Accordingly, to receive these reflected lights, light receiving portions  119   c  and  122   c  need to have an increased surface area.  
      Internal to an optical pickup device, laser light emitted from a source of light is diff-used by a package or similar members and a portion thereof thus reaches the photodetector, resulting in a noise signal. In other words, stray light causes noise in a detected signal. Accordingly, it is preferable that a light receiving portion have a small surface area. However, light receiving portions  119   c  and  122   c  need to be formed to have a large surface area, and this causes an increased noise component and hence a decreased C/N.  
      As described above, conventional optical miniaturized modules and optical pickup devices can hardly achieve improved C/N. In particular, the conventional optical miniaturized modules and optical pickup devices can hardly adjust aberration of reflected light at the photodetector nor control a spot in position, profile and the like.  
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
      The present invention contemplates an optical miniaturized module and optical pickup device capable of controlling the position, profile, length or width of a spot of reflected light at a photodetector. The present invention also contemplates an optical miniaturized module and optical pickup device that can provide improved C/N.  
      The present optical miniaturized module includes: a photodetector having a plurality of light receiving portions to receive light reflected by a magneto-optic storage medium; a first polarization separation element separating the reflected light and lasing light output from a source of light and traveling toward the medium; and a second polarization separation element receiving the reflected light from the first polarization separation element to diffract at least a portion of the reflected light and guide diffracted light to the photodetector, the second polarization separation element including a diffraction element having a plurality of diffraction areas, the diffraction element being formed to diffract the reflected light through the diffraction areas in different directions, the diffraction element being formed such that two of the diffraction areas provide diffracted beams directed to one of the light receiving portions. The module can control a position, profile, length or width of a spot on the photodetector.  
      In the present invention preferably the diffraction element includes first and second diffraction areas and is formed to allow both of +1st-order diffracted beams of the first diffraction area, both of 1st-order diffracted beams of the second diffraction area, and beams transmitted through the first and second diffraction areas to align on the photodetector generally in a straight line. The photodetector can receive a plurality of above-described spots spaced by a reduced distance so that the light receiving portion can have a reduced surface area and C/N can also be improved.  
      In the present invention preferably the diffraction element includes first and second diffraction areas and is formed such that of a set of a +1st-order diffracted beam of the first diffraction area and a −1st-order diffracted beam of the second diffraction area and a set of a −1st-order diffracted beam of the first diffraction area and a +1st-order diffracted beam of the second diffraction area, at least one set has its two diffracted beams at least partially overlapping at the light receiving portion. The photodetector can receive the above described spot reduced in area. The light receiving portion can have a reduced surface area and C/N can also be improved.  
      In the present invention preferably the diffraction element is divided by a line into two areas one having a grating smaller in pitch than the other&#39;s grating, the gratings being formed substantially along the line and curved to be concave or convex as seen in a direction from the one to the other areas. The photodetector can receive reflected lights such that they are adjacent, overlap and the like. The light receiving portion can have a reduced surface area and C/N can also be improved.  
      In the present invention preferably the diffraction element includes first and second lines orthogonal to each other and the second line defines two diffraction areas, one being further divided by the first line into first and second diffraction areas, and the other being further divided by the first line into third and fourth diffraction areas. The photodetector can receive spots of light such that they are adjacent, overlap and the like. The light receiving portion can have a reduced surface area and C/N can also be improved.  
      In the present invention preferably the diffraction element is formed such that of a set of a +1st-order diffracted beam of the first diffraction area and a +1st-order diffracted beam of the second diffraction area and a set of a −1st-order diffracted beam of the first diffraction area and a −1st-order diffracted beam of the second diffraction area, at least one set has its two diffracted beams at least partially overlapping at the light receiving portion. Alternatively, the diffraction element is formed such that of a set of a +1st-order diffracted beam of the third diffraction area and a +1st-order diffracted beam of the fourth diffraction area and a set of a −1st-order diffracted beam of the third diffraction area and a −1st-order diffracted beam of the fourth diffraction area, at least one set has its two diffracted beams at least partially overlapping at the light receiving portion. The light receiving portion can have a reduced surface area and C/N can also be improved.  
      In the present invention preferably the diffraction element includes a polarization hologram. By changing the polarization hologram&#39;s grating in configuration or the like, each diffraction area&#39;s diffracted beam can readily be adjusted in direction and/or the like.  
      In the present invention preferably the polarization hologram has a grating at least partially curved. The photodetector can receive a spot further reduced in area so that further improved C/N can be achieved.  
      In the present invention preferably the photodetector is formed to receive at one of the light receiving portions one of beams transmitted through the second polarization separation element and ±1st-order diffracted beams corresponding to one of the beams transmitted through the second polarization separation element. The photodetector can have a reduced number of light receiving portions and hence a simplified structure. Furthermore the photodetector can also be miniaturized.  
      In the present invention preferably the module includes a magneto-optic signal detector obtaining a differential signal between a detected signal of a diffracted beam of the second polarization separation element and a detected signal of a beam transmitted through the second polarization separation element. This allows the present invention to be applied to the above-described optical miniaturized module including the above magnet-optic signal detector.  
      The present optical pickup device includes the above optical miniaturized module. The device can control a position, profile, length or width of a spot on the photodetector. The device can also provide improved C/N.  
      The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       FIG. 1  is a schematic cross section of an optical pickup device in a first embodiment.  
       FIGS. 2A and 2B  are a plan view and a schematic diagram, respectively, of a polarization hologram serving as second polarization separation means, and  FIG. 2C  is a schematic cross section for illustrating the polarization hologram&#39;s function.  
       FIGS. 3A and 3B  are a plan view of a photodetector in the first embodiment.  
       FIG. 4  is a schematic cross section of an optical pickup device in a second embodiment.  
       FIG. 5  is a diagram for illustrating a polarization hologram arranged at an optical substrate in the second embodiment to initially diffract reflected light.  
       FIG. 6  is a plan view of one of polarization holograms in the second embodiment.  
       FIG. 7  is a plan view of one of photodetectors in the second embodiment.  
       FIGS. 8A and 8B  are plan and schematic views, respectively, of a one of polarization holograms in the second embodiment serving as second polarization separation means.  
       FIG. 9  is a plan view of another photodetector in the second embodiment.  
       FIG. 10  is a plan view of a polarization hologram in conventional art serving as second polarization separation means.  
       FIG. 11  is a plan view of a photodetector corresponding to the second polarization separation means in conventional art.  
       FIG. 12  is a cross section of a conventional optical pickup device.  
       FIG. 13  is a view for illustrating a polarization hologram.  
       FIG. 14  is a plan view of a photodetector of an optical pickup device in conventional art.  
       FIGS. 15A and 15B  are an enlarged plan view of a conventional photodetector. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
     First Embodiment  
      With reference to  FIGS. 1-3B  an optical miniaturized module and optical pickup device in a first embodiment of the present invention will be described.  
       FIG. 1  is a schematic cross section of the optical pickup device in the present embodiment and a magneto-optic storage medium. Throughout the description, terms such as “upper”, “lower” and other similar terms do not indicate absolute directions. Rather, they indicate various members&#39; positional relationships.  
      The optical miniaturized module is formed integral with a package  25  having a substantially rectangular profile as seen in a plane, and formed in the form of a box so that it can internally accommodate each member. In package  25  at a lower portion is arranged a source of light  11  to lase light upward. Over the source of light  11  is arranged a grating  16  to divide the lasing light into three beams. Grating  16  is formed in a flat plate.  
      Package  25  has an upper portion provided with a base  40  having an internal portion hollowed and an upper surface provided with first polarization separation means implemented by a polarization hologram  12  formed to transmit the lasing light received from the source of light  11  while diffract reflected light received from the medium. In the present embodiment a diffracted beam on the left hand of  FIG. 1  is a +1st-order diffracted beam  12   a  of polarization hologram  12  and a diffracted beam on the right hand of the figure is a −1st-order diffracted beam  12   b  of polarization hologram  12  in a direction, hereinafter indicated by “X”, optically corresponding to that of the radius of the medium as it rotates.  
      On a lower surface of base  40  on optical paths of the ±1st-order diffracted beams of polarization hologram  12  second polarization separation means implemented by diffraction elements are implemented by polarization holograms  14   a  and  14   b  arranged to sandwich the laser light&#39;s optical axis J and formed to diffract at least a portion of reflected light.  
      In package  25  at a lower portion is arranged a photodetector  15  receiving ±1st-order diffracted and transmitted beams of the second polarization separation means or polarization holograms  14   a,    14   b.  The second polarization separation means is provided to diffract at least a portion of reflected light received from the first polarization separation means and guide the diffracted light to photodetector  15 . Photodetector  15  has a group of light receiving portions  15   a  and a group of light receiving portion  15   b  arranged to receive +1st-order and −1st-order diffracted beams  12   a  and  12   b,  respectively. Polarization holograms  14   a,    14   b  are each arranged on an optical path of reflected light immediately in front of photodetector  15 .  
      Base  40  is internally hollowed and formed to have a height (or a length in a direction Z) of 1.45 mm. An optical substrate  3  has a lower surface spaced from the light receiving portion by a distance (in direction Z) of approximately 0.56 mm. The source of light  11  is adapted to output laser light of 785 nm.  
      The optical miniaturized module underlies an objective lens  13  arranged to focus light at the medium  130  recording surface. The optical pickup device includes objective lens  13  and the optical miniaturized module.  
      The first polarization separation means or polarization hologram  12  is similar to a conventional polarization hologram. For example, as described in Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 08-297875, it has a surface provided with parallel bars having a substantially fixed pitch.  
      In the present embodiment polarization hologram  12  is, as shown in  FIG. 13 , formed such that an optical substrate  117   a  of lithium niobate provided with a grating  125  has a thickness t of 0.5 mm. A lithium niobate substrate provides an index of refraction of 2.6 for ordinary ray and an index of refraction of 2.18 for extra ordinary ray. Similarly, polarization hologram  14   a,    14   b  has an optical substrate of lithium niobate having a thickness of 0.5 mm. Each polarization hologram&#39;s grating including a proton exchange layer has a negligible thickness.  
      The first polarization separation means is only required to separate reflected light received from the medium from the lasing light traveling toward the medium, and other than the above may for example include a polarization beam splitter. Furthermore in the present embodiment the first polarization separation means is implemented by a polarization hologram having an enhancement function.  
      The optical miniaturized module in the present embodiment is distinguished from a conventional optical miniaturized module by a configuration of polarization hologram  14   a,    14   b  and that of photodetector  15 .  
       FIGS. 2A-2C  are diagrams for illustrating polarization hologram  14   a  serving as the second polarization separation means.  FIG. 2A  is a plan view thereof. Polarization hologram  14   a  is divided by a line  31  serving as a border into first and second diffraction areas  14   a   1  and  14   a   2 . That is, polarization hologram  14   a  has two diffraction areas. Line  31  is parallel to a direction Y optically corresponding to a direction perpendicular to that of the radius of the medium as seen when it rotates. Polarization hologram  14   a  is arranged to have the first diffraction area  14   a   1  farther from the center of the optical miniaturized module.  
      Furthermore, polarization hologram  14   a  is arranged to substantially bisect +1st-order diffracted beam  12   a  of polarization hologram  12  of  FIG. 1  by line  31 . In  FIG. 2A , polarization hologram  14   a  is arranged so that line  31  bisects an area  50   a  receiving the +1st-order diffracted beam of polarization hologram  12 .  
       FIG. 2B  is an enlarged schematic plan view of polarization hologram  14   a.  Polarization hologram  14   a  is formed to be generally square, as seen in a plane, with each side having a length L 14   a  of 600 μm and have area  50   a  with a radius of 130-150 μm and provide an effective numerical aperture (NA) of 0.135.  
      In polarization hologram  14   a  the first and second areas  14   a   1  and  14   a   2  have gratings different in geometry and the like. More specifically, the first diffraction area  14   a   1  grating  60   a  has a smaller pitch than the second diffraction area  14   a   2  grating  60   b.  In other words, grating  60   a  is formed of bars spaced by a smaller distance than grating  60   b  is.  
       FIG. 2B  indicates approximate values of pitches of the grating of polarization hologram  14   a  on a line (not shown) perpendicularly bisecting line  31  at areas P 1 -P 9 . The first area  14   a   1  grating  60   a  has a pitch of approximately 2.6 to 2.8 μm, whereas the second area  14   a   2  grating  60   b  has a pitch of approximately 3 to 5 μm. Thus the grating  60   a  is formed to be smaller in pitch than grating  60   b.    
      The first and second diffraction areas  14   a   1  and  14   a   2  gratings have a tendency to have a pitch generally maintained or increased as seen toward the positive direction in direction X. (Although areas P 9  through to P 7  provide a slightly decreasing pitch, it is substantially maintained.)  
      Furthermore, while at line  31  serving as the border of the first and second areas  14   a   1  and  14   a   2  gratings  60   a  and  60   b  are interrupted, in each area grating  60   a,    60   b  is not interrupted. For example, in each area, grating  60   a,    60   b  have their pitches smoothly changing in direction X. Furthermore in each area grating  60   a,    60   b  has smoothly changing curvature.  
      Furthermore in areas  14   a   1 ,  14   a   2  their respective gratings  60   a,    60   b  are each formed of substantially parallel bars. Strictly, while the pitch of the grating on the line perpendicularly bisecting line  31  is slightly different from that of the grating at an end of polarization hologram  14   a,  in each area  14   a   1 ,  14   a   2  the bars are substantially parallel.  
      Furthermore in areas  14   a   1 ,  14   a   2  their respective gratings  60   a ,  60   b  are formed in symmetry with respect to the line (not shown) perpendicularly bisecting line  31 .  
      Gratings  60   a,    60   b  are each formed to have substantially the same direction as line  31 . Furthermore, gratings  60   a,    60   b  are slightly curved to protrude as seen at the second area  14   a   2  toward the first area  14   a   1 , or in the negative direction as seen in direction X.  
      The second polarization separation means or polarization hologram  14   b  is formed such that its grating and that of polarization hologram  14   a  are in symmetry for example in geometry with respect to optical axis J of lased light emitted from the source of light  11  (see  FIG. 1 ). Polarization hologram  14   b  also has first and second diffraction areas, and the second diffraction area, having a grating with a larger pitch, is arranged closer to the center of the optical miniaturized module.  
      Polarization hologram  12  is formed to diffract a main beam of light at an angle of approximately −18° (in the negative direction as seen in direction X). The polarization hologram 12+1st-order diffracted beam is incident on polarization hologram  14   a  at approximately −18°. Polarization hologram  14   a  is formed so that the first and second areas  14   a   1  and  14   a   2  diffract the main beam&#39;s +1st-order diffracted beam at setting angles of approximately −28° and approximately −9°, respectively. The setting angles are angles relative to a downward direction (the negative direction as seen in direction Z) in  FIG. 1 .  
       FIGS. 3A and 3B  are a plan view of a photodetector in the present embodiment. More specifically, an optical pickup device is simulated to obtain reflected light at a photodetector and then in accordance with a spot&#39;s profile a light receiving portion is formed. Note that in the simulation&#39;s result matches an actual product with high precision.  FIGS. 3A and 3B  are plan views of the photodetector&#39;s groups of light receiving portion  15   a  and  15   b,  respectively.  
      The  FIG. 3A  group  15   a  and the  FIG. 3B  group  15   b  receive +1st-order and −1st-order diffracted beams  12   a  and  12   b,  respectively, of polarization hologram  12  in  FIG. 1 . Groups  15   a,    15   b  each have its light receiving portions in three rows in direction X, as indicated by an arrow  200 , to be capable of receiving light separated by the grating in three.  
      Group  15   a  includes light receiving portions  18 ,  19   a,    19   b,    19   c  and  20 . Light receiving portions  18  and  20  as seen in a plane are each a rectangle having a length in direction X. Light receiving portions  19   a  and  19   b  as seen in a plane are each substantially square and also divided in three to detect a focus error signal by differential 3 division method. Each subarea has a length parallel to direction X. The three subareas form a center area and adjacent side areas. The center area is smaller in width than the adjacent side areas. The two adjacent side areas are substantially equal in area. Light receiving portion  19   c  is formed to be substantially square as seen in a plane.  
      The source of light provides lased light which is in turn divided by grating  16  in three, and the medium provides a reflection thereof which is in turn separated by the second polarization separation means or polarization holograms  14   a,    14   b  (see  FIG. 1 ). In the present embodiment the groups of light receiving portions  15   a,    15   b  are formed to be capable of receiving transmitted and +1st-order diffracted beams of laser light passing through polarization holograms  14   a,    14   b.    
      In  FIG. 3A , a beam transmitted through the second polarization separation means or polarization hologram  14   a  impinges on a row indicated by an arrow  14   a   0 . A +1st-order diffracted beam therefrom impinges on a row indicated by an arrow  14   a A. A −1st-order diffracted beam therefrom impinges on a row indicated by an arrow  14   a B. In the present embodiment the photodetector is adapted to be capable of receiving nine subbeams of laser light to detect a signal.  
      Group  15 B is formed to be capable of receiving a beam transmitted through and +1st-order diffracted beams provided by the second polarization separation means or polarization hologram  14   b.  More specifically, the transmitted, and +1st-order and −1st-order diffracted beams impinges on rows indicated by arrows  14   b   0 ,  14   b A and  14   b B, respectively.  
      Thus group  15   b  is also formed to be capable of receiving nine of subbeams of laser light. Furthermore, group  15   b  is formed in symmetry with group  15   a  with respect to optical axis J of the lased light. Light receiving portion  23  is in symmetry with light receiving portion  20 , and light receiving portions  22   a,    22   b  and  22   c  are in symmetry with light receiving portions  19   a,    19   b,  and  19   c,  respectively. Light receiving portion  21  is in symmetry with light receiving portion  18 .  
      Furthermore in the present embodiment the optical miniaturized module includes a magneto-optic signal detection means detecting a differential signal of detected signals obtained from the light receiving portions that correspond to the second polarization separation means&#39; diffracted and transmitted beams.  
      In the present description a diffracted beam of polarization separation means implemented by a polarization hologram that should preferentially be determined in design (i.e., a diffracted beam of a side presetting a position at which a diffracted beam arrives) is set as a +1st-order diffracted beam, and a diffracted beam opposite the +1st-order diffracted beam is set as a −1st-order diffracted beam. As such, the symbols “+” and “−” in the “+1st-order diffracted beam” and “−1st-order diffracted beam” do not indicate absolute directions but rather relative directions. The −1st-order diffracted beam&#39;s angle of diffraction, a position at which the beam is collected, and the like are determined as depending on a polarization hologram designed with the +1st-order diffracted beam considered.  
      In  FIG. 1  the source of light  11  emits lased light which is in turn separated by grating  16  into a main beam and two subbeams for a total of three beams, and pass through base  40  and is incident on objective lens  13 . The laser light is focused by objective lens  13  at the medium  130  recording surface. Medium  130  reflects light which in turn again passes through objective lens  13  and is incident on and diffracted by polarization hologram  12 . The first polarization separation means separates the lased light received from the source of light  11  and the reflected light received from medium  130 .  
      Polarization hologram  12  forms +1st-order and −1st-order diffracted beams  12   a  and  12   b  which are in turn incident on polarization holograms  14   a  and  14   b,  respectively. These functions are similar to those of a conventional optical pickup device.  
       FIG. 2C  illustrates +1st-order diffracted beam  12   a  of polarization hologram  12  incident on polarization hologram  14   a.  As shown in  FIG. 2A , +1st-order diffracted beam  12   a  arrives at the center portion of polarization hologram  14   a  such that it is divided by line  31  in two. +1st-order diffracted beam  12   a  is diffracted in the polarization hologram  14   a  first and second diffraction areas  14   a   1  and  14   a   2 .  
      The first diffraction area  14   a   1  provides a diffracted beam including +1st-order and −1st-order diffracted beams  20   a  and  20   b  and the second diffraction area  14   a   2  provides a diffracted beam including +1st-order and −1st-order diffracted beams  21   a  and  21   b.  In  FIG. 2C  +1st-order diffracted beams  20   a,    21   b  are indicated by solid line and −1st-order diffracted beams  20   b,    21   b  are indicated by broken line.  
      As shown in  FIG. 2C , +1st-order diffracted beam  20   a  of the first diffraction area  14   a   1  and −1st-order diffracted beam  21   b  of the second diffraction area  14   a   2  overlap on a surface of photodetector  15 , and so do −1st-order diffracted beam  20   b  of the first diffraction area  14   a   1  and +1st-order diffracted beam  21   a  of the second diffraction area  14   a   2 . The second polarization separation means thus formed to allow diffracted beams to overlap allows a light receiving portion to receive a smaller spot. In the present embodiment, diffracted beams overlap at both of two spots adjacently sandwiching a transmitted beam. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and diffracted beams may overlap at a spot of one side of a transmitted beam.  
      The second polarization separation means or polarization hologram  14   a  is formed so that each diffraction area can diffract reflected light in a different direction. Polarization hologram  14   a  has two diffraction areas different in angle of diffraction, and each diffraction area generates +1st-order diffracted beams. In polarization hologram  14   a  the first diffraction area  14   a   1  grating  60   a  has a smaller pitch than the second diffraction area  14   a   2  grating  60   b.  Such configuration allows +1st-order and −1st-order diffracted beams  20   a  and  21   b  to overlap on a surface (or a receiving portion) of photodetector  15 , as shown in  FIG. 2C . Furthermore, +1st-order and −1st-order diffracted beams  21   a  and  21   b  can also overlap on the photodetector. Furthermore in the present embodiment the two areas&#39; gratings  60   a  and  60   b  are formed in substantially the same direction as line  31  and curved to be concave as seen from the first area  14   a   1  toward the second area  14   a   2 . Such configuration can contribute to a further smaller spot.  
      The grating of each diffraction area of polarization hologram  14   a  is not limited in geometry, pitch and curvature to the present embodiment. It depends on the laser light&#39;s wavelength and angle of incidence, the polarization hologram&#39;s material and distance from the photodetector, and the like. Accordingly, it is adjusted as appropriate for use. For example in the present embodiment the gratings are generally parallel and curved to protrude as seen in one direction. However, they are not limited thereto, and one area may have a grating that is generally unparallel and having an inflection point to have a further curved geometry.  
      The other second polarization separation means or polarization hologram  14   b  is functionally similar to polarization hologram  14   a,  allowing the first diffraction area&#39;s +1st-order diffracted beam and the second diffraction area&#39;s −1st-order diffracted beam to overlap on the photodetector. Furthermore, the first and second diffraction areas&#39; −1st-order and +1st-order diffracted beams, respectively, also overlap on the photodetector.  
       FIGS. 3A and 3B  show a spot of laser light on each light receiving portions of group  15   a  and  15   b.  The spots of the rows indicated in  FIG. 3A  by arrows  14   a A and  14   a B are collected at a single location. For example, as for a center (or main) one of subbeam of laser light provided through grating  16 , a spot R 19   b  is a spot of the first diffraction area  14   a   1 &#39;s +1st-order diffracted beam  20   a  and the second diffraction area  14   a   2 &#39;s −1st-order diffracted beam  21   b  overlapping each other, as shown in  FIG. 2C . Furthermore, a spot R 19   c  is a spot of the second diffraction area  14   a   2 &#39;s +1st-order diffracted beam  21   a  and the first diffraction area  14   a   1 &#39;s −1st-order diffracted beam  20   b  overlapping each other, as shown in  FIG. 2C . In the group of light receiving portions  15   b  each spot is formed in symmetry with the group of light receiving portion  15   a  with respect to optical axis J.  
      The  FIGS. 15A and 15B  conventional photodetector and the present photodetector will now be more specifically compared. The  FIG. 15A  group of light receiving portions  115   a  and the  FIG. 3A  group of light receiving portion  15   a  are compared. Spots of rows indicated by arrows  114   a   0  and  14   a   0 , respectively, indicating light transmitted through a polarization hologram serving as the second polarization separation means are substantially identical as they are spots of transmitted light rather than diffracted light.  
      When the spots of the rows indicated by arrows  114   a A and  14   a A, respectively, located, at their respective groups of light receiving portions farther from the center of the optical miniaturized module are compared in profile the latter is smaller in length as seen in direction X. For example, the  FIG. 3A  spot R 19   c  is smaller in length in direction X than the  FIG. 15A  spot R 119   c.  Thus the present optical miniaturized module allows a reduced length of a one of spots at the photodetector. This is because rather than employing a conventional, simple linear grating as shown in  FIG. 13  to uniformly separate the entirety of incident light, a diffraction area divided in two as shown in  FIG. 2A  is employed to diffract ±1st-order diffracted beams to allow laser light to provide a spot reduced in length and an angle of diffraction is determined to provide diffraction to allow diffracted beams to overlap on the photodetector to provide a spot reduced in length.  
      Furthermore, as shown in  FIG. 2A , the present embodiment provides gratings  60   a  and  60   b  that are each curved. Such configuration can reduce the size of their respective diffracted beams at the photodetector. The gratings are curved in a direction and with a curvature, as depending on the relative, positional relationship between the second polarization separation means and the photodetector. As such, they are determined to focus light on the photodetector.  
      Table 1 indicates lengths and surface areas of light receiving portions of a conventional photodetector and those of light receiving portions of the photodetector of the present invention. A light receiving portion has a length (as seen in direction X) including a uniform margin of 20 μm from its respective spot&#39;s end, as the precision of the light receiving portion&#39;s attachment and a production error in producing the light receiving portion are considered. As each spot&#39;s width (in direction Y) is generally equivalent, each light receiving portion&#39;s width W is set to be 80 μm.  
                           TABLE 1                                   Light Receiving   Light Receiving           Portion&#39;s   Portion&#39;s Surface           Length (μm)   Area (μm 2 )                                                            Present Invention   L19c   L19b   19c   19b   Total            86   77    6880   6160   13040       Conventional Art   L119c   L119b   119c   119b   Total           125   62   10000   4960   14960                  
 
      In accordance with the present invention light receiving portion  19   c  has a length L 19   c  shorter than a length L 119   c  of light receiving portion  119   c  of conventional art. In contrast, when the light receiving portion  19   b  length L 19   b  is compared with the light receiving portion  19   b  length L 119   b,  length L 119   b  based on conventional art is shorter than length L 19   b  of the present invention. When each light receiving portion&#39;s surface area is calculated, however, the present light receiving portions  19   b  and  19   c  total surface area (of 13,040 μm 2 ) is 13% smaller than the conventional light receiving portion  119   b  and  119   c  total surface area (of 14,960 μm 2 ). Length L 22   b  and L 22   c  of light receiving portions  22   b  and  22   c  of group  15   b  are also similar to group  15   a,  and the light receiving portions can provide a reduced total surface area.  
      Thus the present optical miniaturized module can selectively reduce a large spot in size and allows a photodetector as a whole to have light receiving portions having a reduced surface area. As a result, stray light causing noise can be received on a reduced surface area so that the present optical miniaturized module can provide better C/N than a conventional optical miniaturized module. Furthermore, the photodetector can be reduced in size and the optical miniaturized module can be miniaturized.  
      As described above, the second polarization separation means includes a diffraction element having a plurality of diffraction areas each diffracting reflected light in a different direction and more than one diffraction area&#39;s diffracted light is directed to one light receiving portion so that diffracted light&#39;s aberration can be adjusted for example to reduce a spot in length to control the spot in profile. Furthermore, their respective diffracted beams can be overlapped or the like to control the position of the diffracted beams on the photodetector and the length of the spot thereof  
      The present light receiving portions  18 ,  20  are formed to be larger in length as seen in direction X than conventional light receiving portions  118 ,  120 . Light receiving portions  118 ,  120  are formed not to receive the +1st-order diffracted beam of the row indicated by arrow  114   a A, whereas light receiving portions  18 ,  20  are formed to also receive ±1st-order diffracted beams of the row indicated by arrow  14   a A. Such configuration can increase signals of light receiving portions  20  and  18  and hence a tracking error signal calculated therefrom.  
      Furthermore in the present embodiment the diffraction element is formed so that a plurality of diffracted beams overlap at light receiving portion. Such configuration can provide a spot having a smaller area and hence light receiving portion having a smaller surface area. Alternatively, the diffraction element may be formed so that a portion of a plurality of reflected lights does not overlap or none of them overlap and they are sufficiently adjacent to each other. Such configuration also allows light receiving portions to have a reduced surface area.  
      Furthermore, as shown in  FIGS. 3A and 3B , both of the +1st-order diffracted beams of the first diffraction area and both of +1st-order diffracted beams of the second diffraction area, and the beams transmitted through the first and second diffraction areas align on the photodetector substantially in a straight line in a direction optically corresponding to direction X. The diffraction element formed to allow diffracted and transmitted beams to align in a straight line as described above allows light receiving portions to have a reduced total surface area.  
      Furthermore in the present embodiment the photodetector is formed to receive at a single light receiving portion the second polarization separation means&#39; one transmitted beam and ±1st-order diffracted beams corresponding to the transmitted beam. For example, in  FIG. 3A , three spots are received at a single light receiving portion  18 . Such configuration can reduce the number of light receiving portions and simplify the configuration of the photodetector. Furthermore, the photodetector can also be miniaturized.  
      The present invention does not necessarily allow each and every light receiving portion to have a reduced spot area. A spot can be smaller, whereas another can be larger. Accordingly the second polarization separation means is formed to provide a reduced total surface area of light receiving portions receiving diffracted reflected light.  
      Furthermore, if diffracted beams provided by the second polarization separation means do not overlap on the photodetector, a light receiving portion can be divided to correspond to their respective spots and they can be added together in subsequently processing an optical signal. Preferably, however, the light receiving portion is formed so that diffracted beams to be added together collected at a plurality locations can be received at a single light receiving portion. Such configuration allows the photodetector to have a reduced number of light receiving portions and hence a simplified configuration, and can also contribute to increased productivity of optical miniaturized modules.  
      Furthermore the present optical pickup device includes the above described optical miniaturized module and an optical lens. Such configuration allows the optical pickup device to be capable of controlling a position, profile and the like of a spot of reflected light at a light receiving portion and also providing improved C/N.  
     Second Embodiment  
      Reference will be made to  FIGS. 4-11  to describe an optical miniaturized module and optical pickup device of the present invention in a second embodiment.  
       FIG. 4  is a schematic cross section of an optical pickup device in the present embodiment and a magneto-optic storage medium. The present optical miniaturized module includes a package  39 , a support plate  38 , an optical substrate  1 , photodetectors  7   a,    7   b  and the source of light  11 . Package  39  is in the form of a box and underlies support plate  38 . Support plate  38  has optical substrate  1  formed substantially at the center portion.  
      The source of light  11  and photodetectors  7   a,    7   b  are arranged internal to package  39 . The source of light 1.1 is arranged in package  39  on a bottom surface substantially at a center portion. Photodetectors  7   a,    7   b  are arranged adjacent to the source of light  11 . The source of light  11  is formed to be capable of providing lased light and on the laser beam&#39;s optical axis J a grating  5  is arranged to separate the laser light into three beams. Support plate  38  has a bottom surface provided with an optical substrate  3 . Grating  5  is provided at a surface of optical substrate  3 . On optical axis J at a surface of optical substrate  1  the first polarization separation means is implemented by a polarization hologram  2 .  
      Magneto-optic storage medium  130  reflects light which is in turn diffracted by the first polarization separation means or polarization hologram  2  and thus separated into a +1st-order diffracted beam  2   a  and a −1st-order diffracted beam  2   b.  On an optical path of +1st-order diffracted beam  2   a  of polarization hologram  2  is arranged a phase plate  9   a  and the second polarization separation means implemented by a polarization hologram  4   a.  On an optical path of −1st-order diffracted beam  2   b  of polarization hologram  2  is arranged a phase plate  9   b  and the second polarization separation means implemented by a polarization hologram  4   b.  Support plate  38  has a hollowed portion at the center. Phase plates  9   a  and  9   b  are fixed by a fixture means (not shown) in the hollowed portion. Photodetectors  7   a,    7   b  are arranged to be capable of receiving diffracted and transmitted beams from polarization holograms  4   a,    4   b.    
      In the present embodiment optical plates  1  and  3  each have a thickness of 0.35 mm and an index of refraction of 1.52. Support plate  38  has a thickness of 1.45 mm. Optical plate  3  has a bottom surface spaced from a light receiving portion by a distance (as seen in direction Z) of approximately 0.75 mm. The source of light  11  is adapted to provide lased light of 785 nm.  
      External to the optical miniaturized module on optical axis J are arranged a collimator lens  17  and objective lens  13  focusing the laser light at the medium  130  recording surface.  
       FIG. 5  is a plan view of polarization hologram  2  serving as the first polarization separation means. Polarization hologram  2  is circular as seen in a plane, and arranged such that an area  52  at which light reflected by medium  130  arrives is positioned substantially at the center. A grating  60   c  has bars substantially parallel to each other. Grating  60   c  extends in a direction substantially parallel to direction Y. Furthermore, grating  60   c  is curved to collect the +1st-order diffracted beams traveling toward photodetector  7   a.    
      Furthermore, polarization hologram  2  is formed to provide a 0th-order diffraction efficiency of 77% and +1st-order diffraction efficiencies of 11% for P polarization, and a 0th-order diffraction efficiency of 0% and ±1st-order diffraction efficiencies of 44% for S polarization.  
       FIG. 6  is a plan view of polarization hologram  4   a  serving as the second polarization separation means. As shown in  FIG. 4 , polarization hologram  4   a  is provided to further separate +1st-order diffracted beam  2   a  of polarization hologram  2 . Polarization hologram  4  includes a first line  32  extending parallel to direction X and a second line  33  extending parallel to direction Y. Polarization hologram  4   a  is in the form of a circle as seen in a plane. The first line  32  extends to correspond to the circle&#39;s diameter and the second line  33  extends to correspond to the circle&#39;s radius.  
      Polarization hologram  4   a  is arranged so that the polarization hologram  2  +1st-order diffracted beam  2   a  arrives on the circle substantially at the center portion. In  FIG. 6 , a +1st-order diffracted beam arrival area  53   a  is located in the circle substantially at the center. Polarization hologram  4   a  is divided by the first and second lines  32  and  33  into diffraction areas  4   a   1 ,  4   a   2  and  4   a   3  for a total of three areas.  
       FIG. 7  is a plan view of photodetector  7   a.  Photodetector  7   a  has light receiving portions  71 - 73 ,  74   a,    74   b,    75   a,    75   b,    76 - 79  formed at portions receiving laser light diffracted and transmitted by polarization hologram  4   a  and detected to perform focus servo. Light receiving portion  70  is used to detect a magnet-optic signal.  
       FIGS. 8A and 8B  illustrate polarization hologram  4   b  serving as the second polarization separation means.  FIG. 8A  is a plan view thereof. Polarization hologram  4   b  is formed in a circle as seen in a plane. Polarization hologram  4   b  has first and second lines  34  and  35  to form four diffraction areas. The first line  34  extends parallel to direction X and the second line  35  intersects the first line  34  substantially orthogonally. The second line  35  extends parallel to direction Y.  
      Polarization hologram  4   b  is divided by the second line  35  into two diffraction areas, and one of the areas is divided by the first line  34  into the first and second diffraction areas  4   b   1  and  4   b   2  and the other of the areas is divided by the first line  34  into the third and fourth diffraction areas  4   b   3  and  4   b   4 .  
      The first and second lines  34  and  35  provide an intersection, which overlaps the center of the circle of polarization hologram  4   b.  In other words, polarization hologram  4   b  is divided at a main surface thereof by the first and second lines  34  and  35  into substantially four equal portions.  
      Polarization hologram  4   b  is arranged such that a main beam of light of −1st-order diffracted beam  2   b  of polarization hologram  2  arrives substantially at the center. In  FIGS. 8A and 8B , a −1st-order diffracted beam arrival area  53 b is located substantially at the center of the circle of polarization hologram  4   b.  The first, second, third and fourth diffraction areas  4   b   1 ,  4   b   2 ,  4   b   3  and  4   b   4  include gratings  60   g,    60   h,    60   i  and  60   j,  respectively.  
      In the present embodiment gratings  60   g  and  60   h  have their respective pitches in symmetry with respect to line  34  and so do gratings  60   i  and  60   j.  Furthermore, the gratings  60   i,    60   j  pitch is smaller than the gratings  60   g,    60   h  pitch. In other words, when the second line  35  is seen as a border, one diffraction area&#39;s grating has a pitch smaller than the other diffraction area&#39;s grating.  
      Gratings  60   g,    60   h,    60   i,    60   j  are formed to be substantially parallel to direction Y. It should be noted, however, that the diffraction areas defined by line  35  are each curved to protrude in the negative direction as seen in direction X.  
       FIG. 8  schematically shows polarization hologram  4   b  as seen in an enlarged plan view. In the present embodiment polarization hologram  4   b  is one of polarization holograms studied through simulation. Polarization hologram  4   b  is formed to be a circle, as seen in a plane, having a diameter φ of 600 μm, area  53   b  having a radius of 130-150 μm, and an effective NA of 0.135 for reflected light.  
       FIG. 8B  indicates approximate values of pitches of the grating of polarization hologram  4   a  on line  34  at areas P 11 -P 19 . The third and fourth areas  4   b   3  and  4   b   4  gratings  60   i  and  60   j  have a pitch of approximately 2.6 to approximately 2.8 μm, whereas the first and second areas  4   b   1  and  4   b   2  gratings  60   g  and  60   h  have a pitch of approximately 3 to 5 μm. Thus gratings  60   i  and  60   j  are formed to be smaller in pitch than gratings  60   g  and  60   h.    
      The first and second diffraction areas  4   b   1  and  4   b   2  gratings  60   g  and  60   h  have a tendency to have a pitch increased as seen toward the positive direction in direction X. The third and fourth diffraction areas  4   b   3  and  4   b   4  gratings  60   i  and  60   j  have a tendency to have a pitch generally maintained or increased as seen toward the positive direction in direction X. (Although areas P 19  through to P 17  provide a slightly decreasing pitch, it is substantially maintained.)  
      Furthermore at the second line  35  the gratings are interrupted. In each area, however, the corresponding grating is not interrupted. For example, while gratings  60   g  and  60   j  are interrupted, gratings  60   g,    60   h,    60   i,    60   j  in their respective areas are each uninterrupted. Furthermore, at line  34  gratings  60   g  and  60   h  are interrupted and at line  34  gratings  60   i  and  60   j  are interrupted.  
      Furthermore within areas  4   b   1 ,  4   b   2 ,  4   b   3 ,  4   b   4  their respective gratings  60   g,    60   h,    60   i,    60   j  each have their bars formed substantially parallel to each other in substantially the same direction as the second line  35 , similarly as has been described in the first embodiment in connection with a polarization hologram serving as the second polarization separation means.  
      Polarization hologram  2  is formed to diffract a main beam of light at an angle of approximately −19° (in the negative direction as seen in direction X). The polarization hologram  2  −1st-order diffracted beam is incident on polarization hologram  4   b  at approximately −19°. Polarization hologram  4   b  is formed so that the first and second areas diffract the main beam&#39;s +1st-order diffracted beam at a setting angle of approximately −34° and the third and fourth areas diffract the main beam&#39;s +1st-order diffracted beam at a setting angle of approximately −3.5°. The setting angles are angles relative to a downward direction in  FIG. 4  (the negative direction as seen in direction Z).  
       FIG. 9  is a plan view of photodetector  7   b.  Photodector  7   b  has light receiving portion  85 - 87  formed to be capable of receiving transmitted and diffracted beams from polarization hologram  4   b  that are used to obtain a required signal. Light receiving portions  85 - 87  are each formed to be substantially square as seen in a plane. Light receiving portions  85 - 87  are formed to have a length parallel to direction X and a width parallel to direction Y to have margins of 20 μm and 10 μm, respectively, as measured from a spot&#39;s end. The length and width margins are introduced as a production error introduced in producing a light receiving portion and that introduced in attaching the light receiving portion to the photodetector are considered.  
      It should also be noted that  FIGS. 7 and 9  show a photodetector as based on the above described optical pickup device&#39;s configuration, as fabricated as based on a result of simulation with respect to laser light&#39;s behavior, and spots.  
      In the present embodiment the optical pickup device includes the optical miniaturized module and in addition thereto a collimator lens  17  and objective lens  13 , as shown in  FIG. 4 .  
      In  FIG. 4 , the source of light  11  implemented by a semiconductor laser outputs lased light (P polarization) which passes through grating  5  in optical substrate  3  and is thus separated into three beams (a main beam and two subbeams). The subbeams are used to control tracking. The three beams are aligned in a direction (Y) perpendicular to that of the radius of medium  130  as seen when it rotates. In  FIG. 4 , the three beams are formed in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the figure, and of the three beams, only one beam is representatively shown.  
      The laser light separated into the three beams passes through optical substrate  1  having polarization hologram  2 , collimator lens  17  and objective lens  13  and illuminates medium  130 . Medium  130  provides reflects light which in turn passes through objective and collimator lenses  13  and  17  to be incident on polarization hologram  2  serving as the first polarization separation means.  
      If medium  130  is an optical storage medium having information reproduced in accordance with optical Kerr effect, the reflected light has a polarization plane performed by Kerr-rotation effect in accordance with the information of medium  130 . Accordingly, the reflected light slightly has an S polarized component. Polarization hologram  2  is formed to provide a 0th-order diffraction efficiency of 77% and ±1st-order diffraction efficiencies of 11% for P polarization, and a 0th-order diffraction efficiency of 0% and ±1st-order diffraction efficiencies of 44% for S polarization. Polarization hologram  2  has a function apparently multiplying the reflection&#39;s Kerr rotation angle.  
      Polarization hologram  2  provides −1st-order diffracted beam  2   b  which in turn passes through phase plate  9   b  and is incident on polarization hologram  4   b.  Polarization hologram  4  provides transmitted and diffracted beams which are in turn detected by photodetector  7   b.  Polarization hologram  4   b  is the second polarization separation means employed to detect a magneto-optic signal and from this polarization separation means&#39; diffracted beam, focusing and tracking error signals are not detected. Polarization hologram  2  provides +1st-order diffracted beam  2   a  which in turn passes through phase plate  9   a  and is incident on polarization hologram  4   a  formed at optical substrate  3 . Polarization hologram  4   a  separates the reflected-light into a transmitted beam and ±1st-order diffracted beams which are in turn detected by photodetector  7   a.  Polarization hologram  4   a  is the second polarization separation means employed to detect a magneto-optical signal, a servo signal and the like.  
      In polarization hologram  2  P and S polarizations have a phase difference (of several tens degrees) caused therein. By arranging phase plates  9   a,    9   b  on optical paths of ±1st-order diffracted beams  2   a,    2   b  of polarization hologram  2 , a phase difference introduced in ±1st-order diffracted beams  2   a,    2   b  can be corrected.  
      Magneto-optic storage media are reproduced in systems, which include a typical, magneto-optic storage medium reproduction system employed for example in mini disk players, Domain Wall Displacement Detection (DWDD) system and the like. If medium  130  is a DWDD magneto-optic storage medium, a phase difference is introduced in P and S polarizations of reflected light. In the present embodiment the optical miniaturized module has photodetectors  7   b  and  7   a  detecting −1st-order and +1st-order diffracted beams  2   b  and  2   a,  respectively, and each can independently detect a magneto-optic signal. By forming phase plate  9   b  to correct both the phase difference attributed to polarization hologram  2  and that attributed to the DWDD system, photodetector  7   b  can detect a magneto-optic signal of the DWDD system while photodetector  7   a  can detect an ordinary magneto-optic record signal. Thus in the present embodiment the optical miniaturized module allows two magneto-optic signals to be detected by a single unit.  
      When optical pickup devices perform focus servo, the knife-edge method is often employed as it contributes to reduced crosstalk (or reduced mixing of a push-pull signal). In particular, an optical pickup device that employs a polarization hologram having area  4   a   1  in the form of a half-moon as shown in  FIG. 6 , allows a simple configuration to be used to adopt the knife edge method. As such, this method is often employed. The knife edge method requires that reflected light be collected at a light receiving portion of a photodetector.  
       FIG. 5  diagrammatically shows the polarization hologram  2  +1st-order and −1st-order diffracted beams  2   a  and  2   b  collected on the photodetectors. +1st-order diffracted beam  2   a  is collected to form a spot R 201  on the photodetector at a light receiving portion, whereas −1st-order diffracted beam  2   b  is not collected but rather forms a spot R 200  enlarged in area. Thus, polarization hologram  2  having grating  60   c  curved as shown in  FIG. 5  allows +1st-order diffracted beam  2   a  to be collected on the photodetector.  
      In  FIG. 6 , polarization hologram  4   a  has the half-moon diffraction area  4   a   1  causing a diffracted beam which is detected to perform focus servo by the knife edge method. Furthermore, quadrantal diffraction areas  4   a   2  and  4   a   3  cause diffracted beams which are detected to perform tracking servo.  
      With reference to  FIGS. 6 and 7 , the polarization hologram  4   a  diffraction area  4   a   1  causes a +1st-order diffracted beam impinging on a line dividing light receiving portions  72  and  73 . Diffraction area  4   a   1  causes a −1st-order diffracted beam impinging on light receiving portion  70 . Diffraction area  4   a   2  or  4   a   3  causes +1st-order diffracted beam impinging on light receiving portion  74   a  or  75   b,  respectively, and −1st-order diffracted beam impinging on light receiving portion  74   b  or  75   b,  respectively. The polarization hologram  4   a  transmitted beam impinges on light receiving portion  71 . These spots are related to the main beam of the laser light separated by the grating. For the other two subbeams, diffraction area  4   a   2  causes +1st-order diffracted beams detected by light receiving portions  76  and  77 , respectively, and diffraction area  4   a   3  causes ±1st-order diffracted beams detected at light receiving portion  78  or  79 , respectively.  
      When a signal output from a light receiving portion formed to receive transmitted light and diffracted light is represented by the light receiving portion&#39;s reference character preceded by the letter “S” a magneto-optic signal MO 1  can be represented by: 
 
 MO   1 = S   71 −( S   70 + S   72 + S   73 + S   74   a+S   75   a+S   74   b + 75   b )   (3). 
 
      A differential signal between detected signals of light diffracted by the second polarization separation means and that transmitted therethrough can thus be obtained. In the present embodiment a magneto-optic signal detection means is implemented by a signal calculation circuit (not shown) and by this circuit the above-described magneto-optic signal is calculated.  
      Furthermore, a focus error signal FES is represented by: 
 
 FES=S   72 − S   73    (4). 
 
      Furthermore a tracking error signal TES 1  by detection of a push-pull signal is represented by: 
 
 TES   1 = S   74   a−S   75   a    (5). 
 
      Furthermore, a tracking error signal TES 2  by the DPP method is represented by: 
 
 TES   2 = TES   1 − k {( S   76 + S   77 )−( S   78 + S   79 ))   (6). 
 
      Photodetector  7   b  receiving a beam transmitted through and +1st-order diffracted beams provided by polarization hologram  4   b  will be described.  
      As shown in  FIG. 8A , polarization hologram  4   b  has first, second, third and fourth quadrantal diffraction areas  4   b   1 ,  4   b   2 ,  4   b   3  and  4   b   4 . Each diffraction area provides a transmitted beam as well as +1st-order diffracted beams. In  FIG. 8A , the +1st-order diffracted beam is represented diagrammatically by a solid arrow and the −1st-order diffracted beam by a broken arrow. Furthermore  FIG. 8A  also diagrammatically shows spots of ±1st-order diffracted beams provided by the diffraction areas.  
      Spots  41 A- 41 D indicate spots of +1st-order diffracted beams and spots  42 A- 42 D indicate those of −1st-order diffracted beams. In  FIG. 8A  each spot&#39;s profile is represented in the form of a sector in order to clarify which diffraction area of polarization hologram  4   b  provides a diffracted beam forming the spot. In reality, however, the spot has a complicated profile because of aberration of reflected light and the like. Furthermore, although not shown, light transmitted through polarization hologram  4   b  impinges between +1st-order and −1st-order diffracted beams. In the  FIG. 8A  polarization hologram a direction parallel to direction X corresponds to a direction in which transmitted and diffracted beams align on the detector.  
      Polarization hologram  4   b  is formed so that spots  41 A,  41 B of +1st-order diffracted beams by diffraction areas  4   b   1 ,  4   b   2  and spots  41 C,  41 D of +1st-order diffracted beams by diffraction areas  4   b   3 ,  4   b   4  are diffracted in direction X toward opposite sides with a transmitted beam (not shown) sandwiched therebetween. More specifically, the second polarization separation means or polarization hologram  4   b  with line  35  serving as a border provides two diffraction areas providing diffracted beams diffracted in opposite directions. Similarly, spots  42 A,  42 B of −1st-order diffracted beams through diffraction areas  4   b   1 ,  4   b   2  and spots  42 C,  42 D of −1st-order diffracted beams through diffraction areas  4   b   3 ,  4   b   4  are diffracted in opposite direction, as seen in direction X, with a transmitted beam (not shown) sandwiched therebetween.  
      Polarization hologram  4   b  is formed so that spots  41 A and  4 B partially overlap on the photodetector and so do spots  41 C and  41 D.  
      Furthermore, polarization hologram  4   b  is also formed so that spots  42 A and  42 B are adjacent to each other on the photodetector and so are spots  42 C and  42 D.  
      Furthermore, polarization hologram  4 b is also formed so that spots  41 C,  41 D,  42 A and  42 B overlap or are adjacent to each other on photodetector  7   b  and so do or are spots  41 A,  41 B,  41 C and  42 D.  
      Polarization hologram  4   b  is thus formed so that diffracted beams overlap or are adjacent to each other on opposite sides of a transmitted beam.  
      Thus, of a set of +1st-order diffracted beams of the first and second diffraction areas, respectively, and a set of −1st-order diffracted beams of the first and second diffraction areas, respectively, at least one set has its two diffracted beams at least partially overlapping at a light receiving portion so that the light receiving portion can receive a small spot.  
      Alternatively, of a set of +1st-order diffracted beams of the third and fourth diffraction areas, respectively, and a set of −1st-order diffracted beams of the third and fourth diffraction areas, respectively, at least one set has its two diffracted beams at least partially overlapping at a light receiving portion so that the light receiving portion can receive a small spot.  
      Alternatively, diffracted beams proceeding in their respective directions can be brought to be adjacent to each other so that a light receiving portion can receive a small spot.  
      Furthermore, polarization hologram  4   b  is formed so that spots  41 A and  41 B of +1st-order diffracted beams through diffraction areas  4   b   1  and  4   b   2 , respectively, arrive at the photodetector after they traverse each other so that they overlap on the photodetector and so do spots  41 C and  41 D of +1st-order diffracted beams through diffraction areas  4   b   3  and  4   b   4 , respectively. Such configuration can prevent diffracted beams&#39; spots remote in direction Y so that they can arrive at the photodetector&#39;s light receiving portion such that they overlap or are adjacent to each other in direction Y. For example, in direction Y, +1st-order diffracted beams through diffraction areas  4   b   1 ,  4   b   2  can overlap and −1st-order diffracted beams through diffraction areas  4   b   3 ,  4   b   4  can be adjacent to each other and thus arrive.  
      In the present embodiment polarization hologram  4   b  is in the form of a circle as seen in a plane. The polarization hologram is however not limited thereto. It is only required to be formed such that the first and second lines provide an intersection substantially overlapping the center of an incident laser beam of light (e.g., a main beam&#39;s position).  
      As shown in  FIG. 9 , light diffracted by or transmitted through polarization hologram  4   b  serving as the second polarization separation means arrives at photodetector  7   b  in approximately nine spots.  
      A light receiving portion  86  is formed to receive transmitted beams of a main beam and light receiving portions  85  and  87  are formed to receive +1st-order diffracted beams. Light receiving portion  85  receives a spot of diffracted light corresponding to a collection of the  FIG. 8A  spots  41 C,  41 D,  42 A,  42 B overlapping or partially adjacent to each other. Light receiving portion  85  receives reflected light thereof. Light receiving portion  87  receives a spot of diffracted light corresponding to a collection of the  FIG. 8A  spots  41 A,  41 B,  42 C,  42 D overlapping or partially adjacent to each other. Light receiving portion  87  receives reflected light thereof.  
      As shown in  FIG. 9 , most of diffracted and transmitted beams are received at light receiving portions such that they overlap or adjacent to each other and thus small. Furthermore, light receiving portion  85  receives three spots, which, however, are not detected separately but rather received at light receiving portion  85  collectively. Such configuration can reduce the number of the light receiving portions and also simplify the configuration thereof It can also simplify the configuration of an arithmetic circuit calculating a signal received from a light receiving portion.  
       FIG. 10  is a plan view of a polarization hologram serving as the second polarization separation means based on conventional art. A polarization hologram  4   c  has an undivided diffraction area having a grating  60   k  with a fixed pitch. Grating  60   k  is formed of bars each parallel to direction Y. A −1st-order diffracted beam arrival area  54   b  is located substantially at the center of the circle, as seen in a plane, of polarization hologram  4   c.    
       FIG. 11  is a plan view of a photodetector  7   c  formed having a light receiving portion formed to correspond to the  FIG. 10  polarization hologram  4   c  in the  FIG. 4  optical pickup device. The  FIG. 11  photodetector  7   c  also has a light receiving portion formed as based on a result of simulation.  FIG. 11  also indicates spots of transmitted and +1st-order diffracted beams provided through polarization hologram  4   c.  A light receiving portion  186  receives a transmitted beam of a main beam and light receiving portions  185  and  187  receive +1st-order or −1st-order diffracted beam, respectively. Each light receiving portion is formed to have a length in direction X and a width in direction Y such that margins of 20 μm and 10 μm, respectively, are considered, as measured from a spot&#39;s end, as has been described for the  FIG. 9  light receiving portion in accordance with the present invention.  
      The  FIG. 9  present photodetector  7   b  and the  FIG. 11  conventional photodetector  7   c  have their respective light receiving portions having dimensions and surface areas, as shown in Table 2.  
                           TABLE 2                                   Light Receiving   Light Receiving           Portion&#39;s Length &amp;   Portion&#39;s Surface           Width (μm)   Area (μm 2 )                                                                    Present   L85   W85   L87   W87   85   87   Total       Invention   213   53   303   58   11289   17574   28863       Con-   L185   W185   L187   W187   185   187   Total       ventional   199   45   340   70    8955   24080   33035       Art                  
 
      For each light receiving portion, lengths L 85 , L 87  L 185 , L 87  are indicated as measured in a direction parallel to direction X and widths W 85 , W 87 , W 185 , W 187  are indicated as measured in direction Y.  
      In the present embodiment the second polarization separation means or a polarization hologram can control not only a spot&#39;s length but also width to adjust the spot&#39;s width. Accordingly, light receiving portions are also compared in width. In Table 2, a spot&#39;s length and width are used to calculate a light receiving portion&#39;s surface area to compare a conventional light receiving portion and the present light receiving portion. The present light receiving portions  85  and  87  total surface area (of 28,863 μm 2 ) is smaller than the conventional light receiving portions  185  and  187  total surface area (of 33,035 μm 2 ). In particular, a reduction of approximately 13% in surface area can be achieved.  
      The polarization hologram&#39;s transmitted light is received at light receiving portions  86  and  186 , which are not indicated in Table 2 as their respective spot sizes and their own sizes do not have a substantial difference.  
      Thus the second polarization separation means of the present invention allows a light receiving portion to have a reduced surface area and a photodetector to be miniaturized. Furthermore, the light receiving portion&#39;s reduced surface area can contribute to an improved C/N.  
      When a signal output from each light receiving portion shown in  FIG. 9  is represented by the light receiving portion&#39;s reference character preceded by the letter “S” then a magneto-optic signal MO 2  detected including a magneto-optic signal in the DWDD system is represented by: 
 
 MO   2 = S   86 −( S   85 + S   87 )   (7). 
 
      Thus a differential signal of diffracted and transmitted beams provided through the second polarization separation means are calculated to calculate a magneto-optic signal. The operation is performed by magneto-optic signal detection means (not shown).  
      Note that light receiving portions  85  and  87  receive all +1st-order diffracted beams, and an unbalance with a quantity of light of transmitted light received at light receiving portion  86  can be reduced and common mode noise can sufficiently be reduced.  
      In the present embodiment the second polarization separation means or polarization hologram  4   b  is formed in symmetry with respect to the first line. However, it is not limited thereto and may have a grating formed for each of four diffraction areas defined by the first and second lines.  
      The present embodiment&#39;s optical miniaturized module is applicable for example to an optical pickup device employing an MO disk and can achieve an effect similar to that described above.  
      The other function and effect are similar to those of the optical miniaturized module and optical pickup device of the first embodiment.  
      The present invention can provide an optical miniaturized module and optical pickup device capable of controlling a position, profile, length or width of a spot of reflected light at a light receiving portion. The present invention can also provide an optical miniaturized module and optical pickup device capable of providing improved C/N of a magneto-optic signal.  
      Although the present invention has been described and illustrated in detail, it is clearly understood that the same is by way of illustration and example only and is not to be taken by way of limitation, the spirit and scope of the present invention being limited only by the terms of the appended claims.