Patent Publication Number: US-2022233450-A1

Title: Compositions of film coatings for tablets with increased gloss, method for production thereof and application of same

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to compositions based on isomaltulose derivatives, to obtain film-shaped coatings for tablets, supplements, pills, lozenges, dragees, caplets or microspheres, used in the food or pharmaceutical industry which have the feature of increased brightness. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Coatings for solid forms, used in the food or pharmaceutical industry, for example, tablets, are designed for different purposes, among which are (1) to protect the tablet from stomach acids and external contaminants, (2) to protect the stomach from aggressive drug products, (3) provide a delayed release of the active substance, (4) help maintain the shape of the tablet, (5) hide or mask the taste of the drug product, and (6) improve the appearance of the tablet. 
     In this sense, the coating processes used in the pharmaceutical industry most frequently can be classified into two groups: dragee and film. 
     Dragee coatings, also referred to in the literature as sugar coatings, are made by applying sugar syrups, usually, sucrose, consisting of sealing, film growth, pigmentation, and polishing steps. These processes can last from 10 to more than 20 hours, the processes require highly specialized labor and have high variability in the quality of the final product. In addition, the weight that the coated cores gain through the dragee process, is normally more than 50% relating to their original weight. 
     On the other hand, the film coatings are processed by spraying and drying polymer mixtures with additives and pigments previously dispersed in a liquid vehicle and subsequently applied to the solid cores. The processes typically last a few hours. By applying this technique, the weight that the coated cores gain is normally 3 to 5% when the coating is applied to pharmaceutical tablets with the aim of improving the appearance of the final product. 
     Film coatings are generally preferred because of the shorter time required for applying, better process control, and less specialized labor. However, the brightness of the coated end product, by film coating processes, is typically much lower than the brilliance obtained by dragee processes. 
     In the state of the art, there are different patent documents in the field of film coatings, which are applied on solid pharmaceutical forms; for example, US patent application Ser. No. 08/466,939 teaches coating product compositions with moisture barrier properties, where the distinctive component is polyvinyl alcohol; in addition in U.S. Ser. No. 09/351,076 there are coating compositions that include polyvinyl alcohol with polyethylene glycol or glycerin as plasticizer, resulting in shimmery gloss, good film adhesion, and good tensile strength. 
     U.S. Ser. No. 08/778,944 declares compositions for coating products wherein components such as dextrins are included for their formulation. 
     U.S. patent Ser. No. 08/895,484 explains compositions for glossy white film coatings, based on dextrose with derivatives of the dextrin and starch type, while in WO 2010/052727 low viscosity hypromellose compositions are mentioned, added with starches to achieve compositions of coatings that can be prepared at high solids concentrations of up to 30% in dispersion in water. 
     Polymer based coatings derived from acrylics and methacrylates as described in WO 2009/086941 and cellulosic derivatives, calcium carbonate as opacifying agent and Xylitol as complexing agent as specified in US 08/241,709 formulations have also been explored in systems of dragee, wherein the addition of the product is made as syrup with the intention of obtaining sugar-free covers. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 10,159,650 B2 discloses a coating composition where cellulosic derivatives are included as film-forming agents and also includes polyol xylitol as a complexing agent, stating the proportions of use of these components. 
     Other documents such as WO 2014/024170 mention the use of polyols, in the manufacture of a detergent tablet. 
     Despite the various efforts that have been made, film coatings for tablets, supplements, pills, lozenges, caplets, or microspheres used in the food or pharmaceutical industries still present technical problems, in particular the finish with reduced brightness. 
     Therefore, there is a need to have film coatings formulations and processes, which exceed the brightness obtained by currently used film coatings, including those described in the state of the art. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the present invention is to use mixtures of materials considered to be safe and suitable for use in drug products, but which until now have not been used in innovative formulations for experimental or commercial products in the manner established in this document. 
     Another main object of the present invention is to provide a product derived from isomaltulose, which consists of mixing 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol dihydrate with 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol, also known as Isomalt as a distinctive ingredient in a formulation for obtaining film-shaped coatings for tablets, supplements, pills, lozenges, dragees, caplets or microspheres, used in the food or pharmaceutical industries that exhibit the feature of increased brightness. 
     A main embodiment of the present invention consists of formulations and processes described herein that include mixing or associating the isomaltulose derivative with film-forming polymers typically used in film coatings, taking as examples, but not limited to, materials selected from the group consisting of: graft copolymer of ethylene glycol and vinyl alcohol, copovidone, polyvinyl alcohol, methacrylates, derivatives thereof and cellulosic derivatives. 
     Another main embodiment of the present invention is to detail that the association of the isomaltulose derivative, with polymers typically used in film coatings, provides novel advantages in the formation of the applied final film, specifically in the achieved brightness. 
     Another main object of the present invention is to provide a film-shaped coating for tablets, supplements, pills, lozenges, dragees, caplets or microspheres, used in the food or pharmaceutical industry that have the feature of increased brightness using an inert derivative, non-digestible, without caloric intake or with a very low caloric intake and which is not synthesized in nature by plants or animals in a relevant quantity, with a chemical identity different from carbohydrates such as dextrose, lactose, starch, dextrins and polydextrose. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide, as the main film-forming agent for the coating, a copolymer of ethylene glycol and vinyl alcohol, avoiding the use of xylitol or some derived material. In this case, a polyol derived from isomaltulose is used, which is a mixture of 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol dihydrate with 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol, which is a component not previously used in film coatings, in the manner expressed in the present invention. 
     Another main object of the present invention is to provide a preparation methodology, with which high concentrations of solids can be achieved, higher than those normally declared in the state of the art and in the generality of methodologies for the preparation of dispersions of film coatings. The preparation methodology consists of dispersing the mentioned innovative formulations in a liquid vehicle, whose advantageous feature is that the viscosities can be less than 0.5 Pa·s with concentrations greater than or equal to 35% solids. 
     Another main embodiment of the present invention is to provide specific ranges of optimum applying process temperatures, which depend on the composition of the content of the isomaltulose derivative and the content of the film-forming polymer or polymer mixture. The formulations can be processed so that the bed of the tablets can be within a temperature range of 30 to 48° C. 
     Another main object of the present invention is to provide a film-shaped coating for tablets, supplements, pills, lozenges, dragees, caplets or microspheres, used in the food or pharmaceutical industry that have the feature of increased brightness using an isomaltulose derivative. 
     An embodiment of the present invention consists of an inert, non-human digestible film-shaped coating, for tablets, supplements, pills, lozenges, dragees, caplets or microspheres, used in the food or pharmaceutical industry exhibiting the feature of increased brightness using an isomaltulose derivative. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide a film-shaped coating for tablets, supplements, pills, lozenges, dragees, caplets or microspheres, used in the food or pharmaceutical industry using an isomaltulose derivative having the main feature that the brightness achieved is significantly higher than that obtained with the compositions described in any of the state of the art disclosures. 
     A further main embodiment of the present invention is that, with the compositions mentioned herein, it is possible to achieve concentrations of dispersions in an aqueous vehicle, significantly higher than typically achievable in film coatings, thereby achieving process times, reduce significantly, with the possibility of completing a cycle of the coating process in half the time compared to formulations containing Hypromellose in its composition. Some proposed formulations are prepared with a concentration of solids greater than or equal to 35%; in contrast, in the state of the art, the maximum achievable concentrations are less than or equal to 35%, typically 8 to 25%. 
     Yet another main embodiment of the present invention is that some coating films that include the isomaltulose derivative in their composition, have the ability to resist dissolution in non-polar oily media such as vegetable oil and Polaxamer 124. 
     Also, an embodiment of the present invention is that the coating provides resistance to solubility in oily media, not normally found in pharmaceutical type coatings. 
     Another embodiment of the invention is the use of the coating in drug products, food supplements or cosmetic products, where the solid coated product is required to remain intact in non-polar media, and at the same time maintain solubility in aqueous media. 
    
    
     DETAILED DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention disclosed in this document mentions the film coating compositions and the applying procedures with which coated tablets, supplements, pills, lozenges, dragees, caplets or microspheres, used in the food or pharmaceutical industry, can be obtained, by processes recognized as belonging to film coating. The final product obtained with the proposed compositions and procedures consists of a coating for tablets, supplements, pills, tablets, dragees, caplets or microspheres, used in the food or pharmaceutical industry, coated, with finishes that have increased brightness, typically not achievable with film coating compositions and processes described in the state of the art and used to date. The applying procedures can be used in standard coating equipment, such as conventional pans, drilled pans, paddle systems and fluidised beds. 
     The film coating compositions obtained are based on the incorporation of a product derived from isomaltulose, in the composition of the coating material. The isomaltulose derivative is an appropriate material for pharmaceutical use due to its properties of being innocuous, inert and not digestible or minimally digestible by humans. 
     The brightness provided by coated compositions by the present invention is one of the fundamental properties that are declared as innovative, presenting measurable and differentiating evidence regarding materials prepared for film coating. The key and differentiating component is the use of the isomaltulose derivative, which is a semi-synthetic, harmless, inert, non-human digestible polyalcohol, properties that are considered appropriate and desirable for use as a pharmaceutical excipient. This component has not been previously declared as an ingredient in thin layer coating formulations and although it has been declared to be used for dragee systems, film coatings are differentiable from dragee systems as the process times are much shorter, the thickness of the film is very different, the stages of production processes are different and the equipment is different. 
     Meanwhile, the use of the isomaltulose derivative in tablet cores is mainly cited to achieve fluidity and compactness to powder mixtures for the compression operation of pharmaceutical tablets. The properties imparted by the isomaltulose derivative in the thin layer coating formulas are different from those mentioned above for the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablet cores. 
     Described below are mixtures of materials useful as film coatings, capable of providing the finished final product with greater brightness, not expected in its intensity, in products of this class. 
     The invention encompasses coating compositions that include the isomaltulose derivative in pre-mixed manufactured products, known in the pharmaceutical medium as ready-to-use, as well as compositions that include the isomaltulose derivative in the preparation of film coating dispersions, where the addition of the components where the isomaltulose derivative is included, are added sequentially to a solvent or solvent mixture. 
     The isomaltulose derivative is a mixture of 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol dihydrate with 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol, which is a component not previously used in film coatings, in the manner expressed in the present invention in which differences are presented in relation to the state of the art such as the declared concentrations of the isomaltulose derivative in the coating, the preparation methodology, wherein with the present invention high concentrations of solids can be achieved, the applying process temperature ranges, such as expressed in the described examples, in order to obtain innovatively increased brightness film coatings for this type of film coating compositions. 
     Another relevant advantage of the type of innovative coatings described in this document is that the concentration at which they can be prepared in liquid dispersions, prior to their applying by spray, can be significantly higher than that typically prepared by film coatings. 
     Depending on the composition, there are coatings that can be prepared in a range of 8-12% solids, as an example of those based on hypromellose 
     In a range of 15-18%, as an example those based on hypromellose-carbohydrate mixtures In a range of 20-25%, as an example those based on polyvinyl alcohol as film-forming 
     There are reports of up to 35% in compositions including polyvinyl alcohol or ethylene glycol-vinyl alcohol graft copolymers and in low viscosity hypromellose based formulations. 
     The film-forming polymer or the adhering polymer may come from non-limiting materials such as hypromellose or cellulosic derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene glycol-vinyl alcohol graft copolymer, povidone, copovidone. 
     It is noteworthy as a further contribution in the present invention, that some compositions of film coatings for pharmaceutical use, stated in this document, can be prepared to have solids concentrations higher than 35%, maintaining viscosities below 0.5 Pa·s (500 cp), thus decreasing the amount of liquid to evaporate in the process, representing improvements to the preparation concentrations considered for this type of formulations. Within the usual techniques of film coating processes, it is often preferred that the liquid dispersions prepared for its applying have viscosities less than 500 cp, so that the dispersion of the liquid dispersion in the coating process is carried out without problems and so that the appearance of the coated tablets has good quality in terms of having a smooth appearance and a uniform finish. 
     Additionally, it has been found as a relevant additional property of some coating films that include the isomaltulose derivative in their composition, the ability to resist dissolution in non-polar oily media such as vegetable oil and Polaxamero 124. This property of resistance to solubility in oily media is not normally found in pharmaceutical-type coatings and can be useful for use in drug products, food supplements or cosmetic products, where the solid coated product is required to remain intact in non-polar media, but that maintains its properties of being soluble in aqueous media. 
     To facilitate a better understanding of the present invention, the following examples of certain aspects of some embodiments of the invention are provided. In no way should the following examples be construed to limit, or define, the entire scope of the invention. 
     Such examples include compositions of solid mixtures, which can be prepared and subsequently dispersed in water as a vehicle, and compositions in which the vehicle is already included in the preparation are also described. The invention is also encompassed in the case that the components are added individually in the preparation of coating dispersions, or as pre-mixes containing the components. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Coating Film Formulation 1 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 Description 
                 Composition (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Isomalt 
                 45.00 
               
               
                 2 
                 Copovidone 
                 10.00 
               
               
                 3 
                 Polyethylene glycol 
                 25.00 
               
               
                 4 
                 Talc 
                 10.00 
               
               
                 5 
                 Titanium dioxide 
                 10.00 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Total 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 2 
     Coating Film Formulation 2 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 Description 
                 Composition (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Isomalt 
                 13.50 
               
               
                 2 
                 Copovidone 
                 3.00 
               
               
                 3 
                 Polyethylene glycol 
                 7.50 
               
               
                 4 
                 Talc 
                 3.00 
               
               
                 5 
                 Titanium dioxide 
                 3.00 
               
               
                 6 
                 Water 
                 70.00 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Total 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 3 
     Coating Film Formulation 3 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 Description 
                 Composition (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Isomalt 
                 45.00 
               
               
                 2 
                 Copovidone 
                 10.00 
               
               
                 3 
                 Polyethylene glycol 
                 25.00 
               
               
                 4 
                 Talc 
                 10.00 
               
               
                 5 
                 Titanium dioxide 
                 7.65 
               
               
                 6 
                 Blue Aluminum Lacquer No. 2 
                 2.00 
               
               
                 7 
                 Red Aluminum Lacquer No. 40 
                 0.35 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Total 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 4 
     Coating Film Formulation 4 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 Description 
                 Composition (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Isomalt 
                 13.500 
               
               
                 2 
                 Copovidone 
                 3.000 
               
               
                 3 
                 Polyethylene glycol 
                 7.500 
               
               
                 4 
                 Talc 
                 3.000 
               
               
                 5 
                 Titanium dioxide 
                 2.295 
               
               
                 6 
                 Blue Aluminum Lacquer No. 2 
                 0.600 
               
               
                 7 
                 Red Aluminum Lacquer No. 40 
                 0.105 
               
               
                 8 
                 Water 
                 70.000 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Total 
                 100.000 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 5 
     Coating Film Formulation 5 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 Description 
                 Composition (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Isomalt 
                 22.00 
               
               
                 2 
                 Hypromellose 
                 5.00 
               
               
                 3 
                 Copovidone 
                 5.00 
               
               
                 4 
                 Polyethylene glycol 
                 12.00 
               
               
                 5 
                 Talc 
                 50.00 
               
               
                 6 
                 Titanium dioxide 
                 6.00 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Total 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 6 
     Coating Film Formulation 6 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 Description 
                 Composition (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Isomalt 
                 8.80 
               
               
                 2 
                 Hypromellose 
                 2.00 
               
               
                 3 
                 Copovidone 
                 2.00 
               
               
                 4 
                 Polyethylene glycol 
                 4.80 
               
               
                 5 
                 Talc 
                 20.00 
               
               
                 6 
                 Titanium dioxide 
                 2.40 
               
               
                 7 
                 Water 
                 60.00 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Total 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 7 
     Coating Film Formulation 7 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 Description 
                 Composition (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Isomalt 
                 40.00 
               
               
                 2 
                 Acetyl triethyl citrate 
                 5.00 
               
               
                 3 
                 Talc 
                 25.00 
               
               
                 4 
                 Titanium dioxide 
                 29.00 
               
               
                 5 
                 Blue Aluminum Lacquer No. 2 
                 1.00 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Total 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 8 
     Coating Film Formulation 8 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 Description 
                 Composition (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Isomalt 
                 12.00 
               
               
                 2 
                 Talc 
                 9.00 
               
               
                 3 
                 Titanium dioxide 
                 8.70 
               
               
                 4 
                 Blue Aluminum Lacquer No. 2 
                 0.30 
               
               
                 5 
                 Water 
                 70.00 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Total 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 9 
     Coating Film Formulation 9 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 Description 
                 Composition (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Isomalt 
                 20.00 
               
               
                 2 
                 Talc 
                 15.00 
               
               
                 3 
                 Titanium dioxide 
                 14.50 
               
               
                 4 
                 Blue Aluminum Lacquer No. 2 
                 0.50 
               
               
                 5 
                 Water 
                 50.00 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Total 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 10 
     Coating Film Formulation 10 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 Description 
                 Composition (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Isomalt 
                 45.00 
               
               
                 2 
                 Ethylene glycol-vinyl alcohol 
                 6.00 
               
               
                   
                 graft copolymer 
               
               
                 3 
                 Polyvinyl alcohol 
                 4.00 
               
               
                 4 
                 Polyethylene glycol 
                 25.00 
               
               
                 5 
                 Talc 
                 14.0 
               
               
                 6 
                 Sodium lauryl sulfate 
                 0.50 
               
               
                 7 
                 Titanium dioxide 
                 5.50 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Total 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 11 
     Coating Film Formulation 11 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 Description 
                 Composition (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Isomalt 
                 25.00 
               
               
                 2 
                 Ethylene glycol-vinyl alcohol 
                 9.00 
               
               
                   
                 graft copolymer 
               
               
                 3 
                 Polyvinyl alcohol 
                 6.00 
               
               
                 4 
                 Hypromellose 
                 23.00 
               
               
                 5 
                 Polyethylene glycol 
                 15.00 
               
               
                 6 
                 Talc 
                 9.24 
               
               
                 7 
                 Titanium dioxide 
                 7.00 
               
               
                 8 
                 Yellow Aluminum Lacquer No. 6 
                 5.00 
               
               
                 9 
                 Red Aluminum Lacquer No. 40 
                 0.76 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Total 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 12 
     Coating Film Formulation 12 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 Description 
                 Composition (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Isomalt 
                 20.00 
               
               
                 2 
                 Ethylene glycol-vinyl alcohol 
                 35.00 
               
               
                   
                 graft copolymer 
               
               
                 3 
                 Polyethylene glycol 
                 13.00 
               
               
                 4 
                 Kaolin 
                 16.00 
               
               
                 5 
                 Titanium dioxide 
                 15.00 
               
               
                 6 
                 Yellow iron oxide 
                 0.50 
               
               
                 7 
                 Red iron oxide 
                 0.50 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Total 
                 100.0 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 13 
     Coating Film Formulation 13 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 Description 
                 Composition (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Isomalt 
                 20.00 
               
               
                 2 
                 Ethylene glycol-vinyl alcohol 
                 12.00 
               
               
                   
                 graft copolymer mixed with 
               
               
                   
                 polyvinyl alcohol 
               
               
                 3 
                 Hypromellose 
                 18.00 
               
               
                 4 
                 Polyethylene glycol 
                 12.00 
               
               
                 5 
                 Talc 
                 17.00 
               
               
                 6 
                 Titanium dioxide 
                 16.00 
               
               
                 7 
                 Yellow Aluminum Lacquer No. 10 
                 5.00 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Total 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 14 
     Coating Film Formulation 14 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 Description 
                 Composition (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Isomalt 
                 6.00 
               
               
                 2 
                 Ethylene glycol-vinyl alcohol 
                 3.60 
               
               
                   
                 graft copolymer mixed with 
               
               
                   
                 polyvinyl alcohol 
               
               
                 3 
                 Hypromellose 
                 5.40 
               
               
                 4 
                 Polyethylene glycol 
                 3.60 
               
               
                 5 
                 Talc 
                 5.10 
               
               
                 6 
                 Titanium dioxide 
                 4.80 
               
               
                 7 
                 Yellow Aluminum Lacquer No. 10 
                 1.50 
               
               
                 8 
                 Water 
                 70.00 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Total 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 15 
     Coating Film Formulation 15 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 Description 
                 Composition (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Isomalt 
                 24.00 
               
               
                 2 
                 Ethylene glycol-vinyl alcohol 
                 12.00 
               
               
                   
                 graft copolymer mixed with 
               
               
                   
                 polyvinyl alcohol 
               
               
                 3 
                 Hypromellose 
                 12.00 
               
               
                 4 
                 Polyethylene glycol 
                 12.00 
               
               
                 5 
                 Talc 
                 18.00 
               
               
                 6 
                 Titanium dioxide 
                 18.00 
               
               
                 7 
                 Carmine aluminum lacquer 
                 4.00 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Total 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 16 
     Coating Film Formulation 16 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 Description 
                 Composition (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Isomalt 
                 45.00 
               
               
                 2 
                 Ethylene glycol-vinyl alcohol 
                 10.00 
               
               
                   
                 graft copolymer mixed with 
               
               
                   
                 polyvinyl alcohol 
               
               
                 3 
                 Polyethylene glycol 
                 25.00 
               
               
                 4 
                 Talc 
                 14.00 
               
               
                 5 
                 Titanium dioxide 
                 4.00 
               
               
                 6 
                 Sodium lauryl sulfate 
                 0.50 
               
               
                 7 
                 Red Aluminum Lacquer No. 40 
                 1.50 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Total 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 17 
     Coating Film Formulation 17 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 Description 
                 Composition (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 Isomalt 
                 18.00 
               
               
                 2 
                 Ethylene glycol-vinyl alcohol 
                 4.00 
               
               
                   
                 graft copolymer mixed with 
               
               
                   
                 polyvinyl alcohol 
               
               
                 3 
                 Polyethylene glycol 
                 10.00 
               
               
                 4 
                 Talc 
                 5.60 
               
               
                 5 
                 Titanium dioxide 
                 1.60 
               
               
                 6 
                 Sodium lauryl sulfate 
                 0.20 
               
               
                 7 
                 Red Aluminum Lacquer No. 40 
                 0.60 
               
               
                 8 
                 Water 
                 60.00 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Total 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The percentages described in Examples 1 to 17 are defined by weight relating to the total weight of the composition. 
     In pharmaceutical type film coating processes, it is generally preferred to prepare coverage dispersions for coating not exceeding 0.5 Pa·s (500 cp) in order that, in the applying process, the spraying of the material is carried out without problems to obtain smooth and aesthetically acceptable coated tablets. The table in Example 18 shows the viscosities of a series of coatings in common use and also of some coatings that include Isomalt in their composition. It is evident that some formulations containing Isomalt, can allow its preparation in concentrations from 35% of solids content or higher. 
     In the table of Example 18, the viscosities were determined with a Brookfield type viscometer, brand W&amp;J Instrument Co. Model RV-2M. Considering that the dispersions of coatings in general are non-Newtonian type fluids, wherein the measured viscosity depends on the measurement conditions, the needle and the speed of rotation of the needle are shown in square brackets when making the respective measurement. 
     EXAMPLE 18 
     Film Coating Product Viscosity Table 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Polymeric Base in examples 
                 Viscosity (mPa s) at various coverage preparation 
               
               
                 of film coatings, in typical 
                 concentrations/[needle, speed in rpm] 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 formulations 
                 10% 
                 12% 
                 15% 
                 20% 
                 25% 
                 30% 
                 35% 
                 40% 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Hypromellose 
                 120/ 
                 240/ 
                 680/ 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 [2, 12] 
                 [2, 12] 
                 [2, 12] 
               
               
                 Hypromellose + Polydextrose 
                 130/ 
                 140/ 
                 408/ 
                 1050/ 
               
               
                   
                 [1, 30] 
                 [2, 30] 
                 [2, 30] 
                 [3, 30] 
               
               
                 Hypromellose + Lactose 
                 90/ 
                 150/ 
                 290/ 
                 1210/ 
               
               
                   
                 [1, 30] 
                 [2, 30] 
                 [2, 30] 
                 [2, 12] 
               
               
                 Hypromellose + Xylitol 
                 70/ 
                 100/ 
                 290/ 
                 660/ 
               
               
                   
                 [1, 30] 
                 [1, 30] 
                 [2, 30] 
                 [2, 30] 
               
               
                 Polyvinyl alcohol 
                   
                   
                 140/ 
                 340/ 
                 600/ 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 [1, 12] 
                 [2, 12] 
                 [2, 12] 
               
               
                 Ethylene glycol and vinyl 
                   
                   
                   
                 80/ 
                 190/ 
                 1160/ 
               
               
                 alcohol graft copolymer 
                   
                   
                   
                 [1, 12] 
                 [1, 12] 
                 [2, 12] 
               
               
                 Ethylene glycol and vinyl 
                   
                   
                   
                 70/ 
                 340/ 
                 680/ 
               
               
                 alcohol graft copolymer 
                   
                   
                   
                 [1, 12] 
                 [1, 12] 
                 [2, 12] 
               
               
                 with polyvinyl alcohol 
               
               
                 Ethylene glycol and vinyl 
                   
                   
                   
                 70/ 
                 120/ 
                 170/ 
                 440/ 
                 1020/ 
               
               
                 alcohol graft copolymer 
                   
                   
                   
                 [1, 60] 
                 [2, 60] 
                 [2, 60] 
                 [2, 60] 
                 [3, 30] 
               
               
                 with polyvinyl alcohol + 
               
               
                 Hypromellose + Isomalt 
               
               
                 Ethylene glycol and vinyl 
                   
                   
                   
                 20/ 
                 30/ 
                 40/ 
                 100/ 
                 160/ 
               
               
                 alcohol graft copolymer 
                   
                   
                   
                 [1, 60] 
                 [1, 60] 
                 [1, 60] 
                 [1, 30] 
                 [1, 30] 
               
               
                 with polyvinyl alcohol + 
               
               
                 Isomalt 
               
               
                 Copovidone + Isomalt 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 50/ 
                 60/ 
                 90/ 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 [1, 30] 
                 [1, 30] 
                 [1, 30] 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As a relevant property of the film coating compositions that the present invention includes, there is the high brightness of the films that are obtained by using isomalt as an ingredient in its formulation. The table in Example 19 shows the brightness of films with formulations that do not include Isomalt, compared to the brightness of compositions with film-forming polymers supplemented with Isomalt. Measurements were made with the brand KSJ Glossmeter instrument, model MG6-SA with 60° angle of incidence. It is evident that the inclusion of isomalt promotes increased brightness in films, increasing on average by 15 GU, increasing brightness by more than 300%. In order that the comparisons were objective without intervention of the color factor, the brightness was determined on white films. In the same way, with the aim of making the comparisons impartial, without the intervention of the polishing factor that exists during the coating processes caused by the action of friction between the tablets, the brightness was measured in films applied on inert substrate such as white cardboard. Brightness measurements are reported in Gloss Units (GU). 
     EXAMPLE 19 
     Comparison Tables of Applied Film Gloss Measurement 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
                 Brightness 
                 Brightness 
               
               
                   
                   
                 excluding 
                 including 
               
               
                   
                 Polymer of reference 
                 Isomalt (GU) 
                 Isomalt (GU) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Mixture of ethylene glycol and 
                 7.2 
                 18.3 
               
               
                   
                 vinyl alcohol graft copolymer 
               
               
                   
                 with polyvinyl alcohol 
               
               
                   
                 Hypromellose 
                 8.3 
                 26.0 
               
               
                   
                 Polyvinyl alcohol 
                 5.3 
                 21.3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Brightness 
                 Brightness 
               
               
                   
                   
                 including 
                 including 
               
               
                   
                 Polymer of reference 
                 Xylitol (GU) 
                 Isomalt (GU) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Mixture of ethylene glycol and 
                 6.0 
                 18.3 
               
               
                   
                 vinyl alcohol graft copolymer 
               
               
                   
                 with polyvinyl alcohol 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The table in Example 20 shows the brightness of composition films where only one film-forming agent is involved. It is appreciated that the Isomalt component alone generates greater brightness, however, when comparing with the results in Table 19, a synergy effect is observed where the brightness of coatings of film-forming mixtures mixed with Isomalt is greater than the brilliance generated by any of the individually tested film-forming agents. 
     EXAMPLE 20 
     Comparison Table of Applied Film Gloss Measurement 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Film-forming agent of reference 
                 Brightness (GU) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Polyvinyl alcohol 
                 5.3 
               
               
                   
                 Hypromellose 
                 8.3 
               
               
                   
                 Mixture of ethylene glycol and vinyl 
                 7.2 
               
               
                   
                 alcohol graft copolymer, with polyvinyl 
               
               
                   
                 alcohol 
               
               
                   
                 Isomalt 
                 16.5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Optimal coating processing conditions, i.e. those required to apply a thin layer film to tablets, granules, pellets, or capsules, are dependent on the composition of the film. In the case of compositions that include Isomalt as an ingredient, it has been found that, in some cases, the optimal applying temperature ranges are wider, meaning this is an advantage, given that many substrates due to instability or various causes, can require processing at relatively low temperatures. The table in Example 21 shows optimal applying temperature ranges for various types of film coating formulations. It is noteworthy that some of the compositions that include Isomalt can be applied at moderately lower temperatures than traditional coatings. 
     EXAMPLE 21 
     Comparison Table of Optimal Process Temperatures in Coating Applying. Tablet Bed Temperature 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Optimal applying temperatures 
               
               
                 Coating product 
                 (tablet bed temperature) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Hypromellose base in water 
                 40-45° C. 
               
               
                 Hypromellose base with carbohydrates 
                 38-45° C. 
               
               
                 Polyvinyl Alcohol Base in Water 
                 38-44° C. 
               
               
                 Ethylene glycol and vinyl alcohol 
                 38-44° C. 
               
               
                 graft base 
               
               
                 Ethylene glycol and vinyl alcohol 
                 30-48° C. 
               
               
                 graft base plus polyvinyl alcohol, 
               
               
                 plus hypromellose plus Isomalt 
               
               
                 (composition of example 14) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As used in this document, the term “increased brightness” refers to the gloss shown by the coating film and is in the range of 10 to 30 or more Gloss Units (GU), measured with a brand KSJ Glossmeter instrument, model MG6-SA with 60° angle of incidence. 
     In this document, the terms “Isomalt” or “isomaltulose derivative” are used interchangeably and refer to the mixture of 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol dihydrate with 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol. 
     The term film-forming polymer is used interchangeably as film-forming or adherent polymer to denote polyvinyl alcohol, hypromellose, ethylene glycol and vinyl alcohol graft copolymer, with polyvinyl alcohol, copovidone, polyvinyl alcohol, methacrylate derivatives, isomalt and cellulosic derivatives 
     Additional Observations 
     Therefore, the present invention is well adapted to achieve the aforementioned purposes and advantages, as well as those inherent therein. The particular embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only, as the present invention can be modified and practiced in different but equivalent apparent ways for those skilled in the art who have the benefit of the teachings herein. Furthermore, no limitation is intended to the details of the features shown in this document, in addition to those described in the claims that follow. It is therefore evident that the particular illustrative embodiments disclosed above can be altered, combined or modified and that all such variations are considered within the scope and spirit of the present invention. 
     The invention disclosed illustratively herein can be suitably practiced in the absence of any item not specifically disclosed herein and/or any optional item disclosed herein. While the formulations and methods are described in terms of “comprising”, “containing”, or “including” different components or steps, the formulations and methods may also “consist essentially of” or “consist of” the different components and steps. The terms formulation, formulations, composition and compositions are used interchangeably and refer to the same. All the numbers and ranges disclosed above may vary by some amount. Whenever a numerical range with a lower limit and an upper limit is disclosed, any number and any included range that falls within the range is specifically disclosed. The terms in the claims have their simple, ordinary meaning unless explicitly and clearly defined otherwise by the patent holder. Furthermore, the indefinite article “one”, as used in the claims, is defined herein to refer to one or more than one of the elements you introduce. If there are any conflicts in the uses of a word or term in this specification and one or more patents or other documents that may be incorporated herein by reference, the definitions that are consistent with this description should be adopted.