Patent Publication Number: US-11383508-B2

Title: Curing station and method for curing printing ink of a direct print on containers

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is a U.S. National Phase of International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/EP2017/061110 entitled “CURING STATION AND METHOD FOR CURING PRINTING INK OF A DIRECT PRINT ON CONTAINERS,” filed on May 10, 2017. International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/EP2017/061110 claims priority to German Patent Application No. 10 2016 216 627.1 filed on Sep. 2, 2016. The entire contents of each of the above-referenced applications are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a curing station and a method for curing printing ink of a direct print on containers, as well as a direct printing machine for printing on containers, comprising at least one printing station and at least one curing station. 
     BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY 
     Making use of such a direct printing machine for printing on containers, the direct print is usually printed on the outer surface of the container by means of an ink jet printing process, e.g. for identifying and/or advertising the contents of the container. For curing the ink of the direct print, the ink is then irradiated with UV light in a curing station, which makes the printing ink scratch- and water-resistant. 
     In such curing stations, the containers are usually conveyed by a conveyor to a UV light unit, where they are irradiated with UV light. The use of mercury vapor lamps as UV lamps is well known, since these lamps have a sufficiently high irradiation power for the desired container throughput. 
     WO 2012/028215 discloses a process and a device used for treating containers and comprising several print modules and a drying and sterilization module, in which the imprint is cured or dried with a UV lamp. 
     The above is disadvantageous insofar as the use of such UV lamps is complicated and inflexible, since they normally require a long warm-up time, are subject to strong heat development, require eye protection due to the UV-C radiation and since ozone is produced during the treatment. Hence, the UV lamp requires complicated cooling and the ambient air has to be sucked off and filtered. Since UV lamps have a longer cooling-down time after having been switched off, there is the risk that, in the event of rapid intervention in response to a machine alarm, the user may get injured and burned. In addition, the UV lamp must first warm up to the operating temperature after the machine has been started, before the desired UV spectrum is emitted. Moreover, the radiation output cannot be controlled and there is no possibility of flexibly adapting the light field to the container shape or the size of the direct print. 
     Therefore, it is the object of the present invention to provide a curing station and a direct printing machine, which can be used in a less complicated and more flexible manner. 
     For solving this posed task, the present invention provides a curing station. 
     Due to the fact that the at least one UV light unit comprises the 2D arrangement of UV LEDs as a light source, the UV light is generated more efficiently by means of LED technology and can be switched particularly fast. Hence, the UV light unit develops less heat and can be switched on and off particularly fast, without any warm-up time. Due to the fact the present light source is not a single UV light source but a 2D arrangement of a plurality of LEDs, the LEDs can be controlled individually, so that the UV light field will be adapted to the actual curing demands individually to the container shape and the size of the direct print, respectively. In addition, a particularly high radiation output can be achieved by the 2D arrangement of UV LEDs. Moreover, due to the adaptation of the UV light field, the containers can be moved past the UV light unit at a particularly small distance therefrom, without the surface area positioned closest to the UV light source being excessively irradiated or heated. As a result, the entire radiation output required is not as high as in the case of known UV lamps. Due to the narrow-band radiation characteristic of UV LEDs, it is also easier to take protective measures as regards machine protection by providing viewing windows that filter out only the spectrum of the UV LEDs or attenuate it to a level that is harmless to human beings. 
     UV LEDs prove to be particularly advantageous in emergency situations, where, for example, the machine requires manual intervention, i.e. the machine protection has to be opened. Due to the lower operating temperature compared to e.g. mercury vapor lamps, the risk of injury or burning is much lower. 
     The use of UV LEDs also increases the machine availability because after a malfunction in the direct printing machine has been eliminated, the machine can be restarted immediately, without having to wait until a warm-up and settling phase of the high-pressure or low-pressure vapor lamps has elapsed. 
     It follows that the UV light unit comprising the 2D arrangement of UV LEDs requires less effort and is more flexible in use. 
     Direct print can be defined as a print applied directly to a container by means of a direct printing head. The direct printing head may be configured to deliver individual print drops directly onto a container. In addition, the direct printing head may be controllable via digital control signals for delivering the print drops onto the container. The direct printing head may comprise one or a plurality of rows of nozzles for delivering the print drops onto the container. 
     The curing station may be arranged downstream of, or may be integrated in a direct printing machine for applying the direct print to the containers. For example, a direct printing station and the curing station may be combined into a block so as to form a direct printing machine. The curing station and the direct printing machine, respectively, may be arranged in a beverage processing plant and may preferably be arranged downstream of a filling plant, which is used for filling a product into the containers, and/or a capper. The curing station and the direct printing machine may, however, also be arranged upstream of the filling process and/or directly downstream of a container manufacturing process. 
     The containers may be provided for accommodating therein beverages, hygiene articles, pastes, chemical, biological and/or pharmaceutical products. In general, the containers may be provided for any flowable or fillable media. The containers can be made of plastic, glass or metal, but hybrid containers with material mixtures are imaginable as well. The containers may be bottles, cans and/or tubes. The containers may be specially shaped containers with at least one surface deviating from the rotational symmetry around the longitudinal axis of the container. The specially shaped containers may comprise at least one relief-like surface area. 
     The conveyor may be configured as a carousel rotatable about a vertical axis. “Vertical” may here mean that this is the direction which is directed to the center of the earth. It is also imaginable that the conveyor is configured as a linear conveying unit. In addition, the conveyor may comprise two or more deflection starwheels with a conveyor belt guided thereby, so that linear and circular-arc-shaped conveying sections are formed for conveying the containers. For accommodating the containers, the conveyor may comprise container holders, which are arranged e.g. at the circumference of the carousel or at the conveyor belt. The container holders may each comprise a rotary table for accommodating the container base and/or a centering bell for accommodating the container mouth. Making use of direct drives or of a control cam, the container holders may be configured for rotating the containers relative to the curing station during curing. Various sides of the container can thus be cured. The conveyor may be configured for conveying the containers continuously or intermittently. 
     The direct print may comprise, or may be, a print image applied to the containers by means of an ink jet printing process. The printing ink of the direct print may be a printing ink curable by the UV light field of the UV light unit. The printing ink may preferably be curable by UV light. UV light may here mean ultraviolet light. The printing ink may comprise color pigments, a polymerizable matrix, monomers, oligomers, UV initiators, water or solvents. The printing ink may comprise monomers and/or oligomers, which are adapted to be crosslinked by radicals formed from the UV initiator by UV light, or by electron beams. The printing ink may comprise a color consisting of yellow, cyan, magenta, black or white or any mixed color thereof. 
     The UV light unit may comprise a carrier having the UV LEDs arranged thereon. In addition, the UV light unit may comprise a circuit board or the like, by means of which the UV LEDs can be electrically controlled, individually or in groups. The UV light unit may further comprise a cooling body and/or a fan for cooling the UV LEDs. The UV LEDs may be configured to emit a UV light spectrum, preferably a UV-B and/or UV-C light spectrum in a wavelength range between 200 nm and 315 nm, further preferred between 240 nm and 315 nm, for curing the printing inks. It is also imaginable that the UV LEDs are configured to emit a UV-A light spectrum in a wavelength range of 315 nm to 410 nm for the purpose of pinning. Likewise, it is imaginable that the UV light unit comprises different UV LED types of the UV-A, UV-B and/or UV-C type, which are preferably configured to emit UV-C and/or UV-B light for curing after the application of all printing inks and/or UV-A light for pinning between the application of different printing inks. It is also imaginable that the UV light unit comprises UV LEDs with different UV light spectra, which can also be controlled differently so as to effect better curing of different printing inks. 
     The 2D arrangement of LEDs may be a random 2D arrangement or a regular 2D grid arrangement, in which the UV LEDs are distributed on a flat or on a curved surface. The 2D arrangement of UV LEDs can be a hexagonal or a matrix arrangement of a plurality of UV LEDs. The 2D arrangement of UV LEDs makes it possible to irradiate the containers with UV light over a substantially long conveyance section and to thus achieve the desired curing of the printing ink. 
     The UV light field can be defined as the light field of all UV LEDs of a UV light unit that are switched on during operation. 
     The curing station may comprise a control unit for controlling the UV light unit, the container holders and/or the conveyor by open-loop or closed-loop control. Preferably, the control unit may be connected to the UV light unit, the container holders and/or the conveyor via electric lines. 
     The UV LEDs of the at least one UV light unit may be configured to be controllable individually or in groups, so as to control the UV light field depending on conveyance positions of the containers relative to a curing and/or pinning section of the curing station. This allows the UV LEDs to emit, in the area of the curing and/or pinning section, UV light only where a container is actually present. The UV LEDs can thus be switched off between the conveyance positions of the containers and cool down consequently. As a result, less effort is required for cooling and the UV light unit works more efficiently. That “the UV LEDs are controllable individually or in groups” can here mean that the UV LEDs are controllable in a digital or in an analog manner, individually or in groups, so as to switch them on, switch them off and/or switch them to any dimmed state. The UV light field can thus be caused to follow the container conveyance, whereby a longer distance for curing is obtained. Hence, the same curing effect can be achieved with a lower radiation output. Consequently, less ozone is formed and also UV LEDs with lower radiation output can be used. In addition, the size, the radiation characteristics, the UV light spectrum and the intensity of the UV light field can be adapted particularly easily to the required irradiation effect at the container. Preferably, a dimmed state is accomplished by changing the pulse/pause ratio. 
     The curing section may be an area of the conveying path of the conveyor, which is provided for curing the printing ink on the containers. The curing section may be arranged downstream of at least one printing station comprising direct printing heads. In other words, it may be a section of the conveying path where all printing inks of the direct print have already been applied to the containers by means of the printing station during operation. 
     The pinning section may be arranged between two printing stations and/or between two direct printing heads and provided for curing a first printing ink before a further printing ink is applied. In this way, the first printing ink can be cured by the UV light unit before the subsequent, second printing ink is printed. As a result, the two printing inks will not run into each other and a better print image is produced. This allows the UV light unit to be used for pinning in addition to curing. 
     A control unit may be configured to change the UV light field by controlling the output of at least one of the UV LEDs. In this way, it is possible, by means of a control procedure stored in the control unit, to flexibly adapt the UV light field to the container shape and/or to the direct print and/or to cause it to follow the container conveyance. It is imaginable that the output control of the UV LEDs may be effected by changing at least one current, at least one voltage or a pulse/pause ratio of a PWM signal. 
     Preferably, the control unit may be configured to change the outputs of the UV LEDs on the basis of conveyance positions of the containers relative to the curing and/or pinning section of the curing station, so as to cause the UV light field to follow the conveyance of the containers. Preferably, the control unit may be connected to an encoder, which detects the conveyance positions of the containers at the conveyor. The encoder may be a rotary encoder on a carousel axis to detect the rotary position of the carousel and thus of the container holders. It may also be a light barrier, a camera or the like, so as to detect the containers at the conveyor and determine the conveyance positions therefrom. 
     The control unit may be configured to change the outputs of the UV LEDs based on a distance between the respective UV LED and a container to be cured, so as to homogenize the UV light field acting on the printing ink on the container. In this way, a container area remote from the UV light unit can be cured just as quickly as a container area close to it. In addition, the distance between the UV light unit and the container can be reduced, since the radiation output acting on the closely-spaced container area is correspondingly reduced such that the container or the direct print will not be damaged by the UV light. It is also imaginable that the control unit is configured to change the outputs of the UV LEDs based on local area orientations of the container surface relative to the UV light field. This will compensate the orientation of different surface areas on the container relative to the UV light field acting thereon. 
     The UV LEDs may have assigned thereto at least one UV sensor for detecting and/or controlling a radiation intensity of one or of a plurality of the UV LEDs, the UV sensor being in particular connected to the control unit. This allows a compensation of production- and ageing-dependent fluctuations of the radiation output of the UV LEDs. It is imaginable that the UV sensor is a photodiode or a phototransistor that is sensitive to UV light. A light entry surface of the UV sensor may be oriented in the direction of at least one assigned UV LED. 
     For conveying the containers the conveyor may be configured with container holders, a respective one of the UV light units being arranged at each of the container holders such that it moves together therewith. In this way, the UV light units can be used in a particularly flexible manner, e.g. for pinning between the printing of two printing inks and, subsequently, for curing. In addition, curing can take place together with the conveyance of the containers along the curing section. For example, the conveyor may be configured as a carousel, each container holder having assigned thereto a curing station radially inside or outside. It is also imaginable that each container holder on the carousel has assigned thereto a printing station for printing the direct print and a curing station for curing the direct print. It is imaginable that the container holders and/or the UV light units are enclosed in a treatment labyrinth, the respective UV light unit being preferably controllable by the control unit such that the UV light field is activable between two direct printing heads and deactivable at the position of a direct printing head. This allows pinning between the printing of two printing inks, so that different printing inks will not run into one another. Moreover, the treatment labyrinth has the effect that only little stray light of the UV light units, or no stray light at all, will arrive at the direct printing heads. The function of the printing nozzles will thus not be impaired by cured printing ink. The treatment labyrinth may comprise shielding elements defining a housing for the container holders and/or the UV light unit. The shielding elements may define one or a plurality of access openings for printing and/or for curing the printing ink. 
     The at least one UV light unit may be arranged stationarily at the curing station. The UV light unit may be configured for moving the UV light field along with the conveyance of the containers, preferably by switching the UV LEDs. The supply lines can thus be routed particularly easily to the UV light unit, without using a rotary distributor. “Stationary” may here mean that the UV light unit is fixedly connected to a machine base or a support frame of the curing station. It is imaginable that, if the conveyor is configured as a carousel, the UV light unit is arranged radially inside or outside a conveying path of the conveyor. In the case of a linear conveying unit, the UV light unit may be arranged laterally along a conveying path. The conveying path may be a path along the conveyance positions of the containers. In other words, it may be the path along which the container holders are moved by the conveyor during conveyance. Preferably, the UV light unit may be configured to emit the UV light in the direction of the container holders and/or transversely to a conveying direction of the conveyor. 
     The conveyor may be a carousel with a hollow shaft, and the at least one UV light unit is arranged centrally on the hollow shaft. In this way, a particularly simple and compact structural design of the curing station is obtained. The UV light unit may here be arranged stationarily and protrude through the hollow shaft with a supporting foot. In this arrangement, the UV LEDs may be arranged outside the hollow shaft, preferably vertically above a carousel plane, in order to radiate UV light onto the containers in the container holders. Preferably, a radiation direction of the UV light may be transverse, preferably vertical to a carousel axis. It is also imaginable that the UV light unit comprises a chimney-like cooling body, which is arranged centrally on the hollow shaft and on which the UV LEDs are arranged. A fan is preferably arranged on the chimney-like cooling body. This allows the heat of the UV LEDs to be dissipated particularly well. 
     For solving the posed task, the present invention additionally provides a direct printing machine used for printing on containers. The direct printing machine may comprise the above described features individually or in arbitrary combinations. 
     As has been explained above in more detail with respect to the curing station, the use of the 2D arrangement of UV LEDs for generating the UV light field for curing the printing ink requires less effort and is more flexible. This also applies to the printing station in a corresponding manner. 
     That the at least one printing station is configured as a separate unit may here mean that the printing station and the curing station each have a support frame of their own to support them on a floor. Also the printing station&#39;s own conveyor may be configured as a carousel or as a linear conveying unit. The printing station may be connected to the curing station via a further conveyor. 
     The printing station may comprise one or a plurality of direct printing heads for printing the direct print onto the containers preferably according to the ink jet principle. The direct printing heads may each comprise at least one nozzle row with printing nozzles for applying the printing ink onto the containers in the form of ink droplets. 
     The conveyor may comprise rotatable container holders for rotating the containers relative to the direct printing heads. In this way, the containers can be printed on around their full circumference. For rotating the containers, the container holders may each comprise a direct drive, a rotary table for accommodating the container base and/or a centering bell for accommodating the container mouth. 
     Alternatively, it is imaginable that the at least one printing station is arranged at the conveyor of the curing station. This allows a particularly compact structural design of the direct printing machine. In addition, the conveyor can be used for applying the printing ink as well as for curing. It is imaginable that a plurality of printing stations comprising each at least one direct printing head is arranged at the conveyor. The printing stations may also be configured as satellite printing stations. Alternatively, the printing stations may be formed at the conveyor such that they move together with the carousel and, preferably, they may each be assigned to a respective container holder. In this way, a container is printed on with all printing inks and cured in a printing station on the carousel. 
     For solving the posed task, the present invention additionally provides a method used for curing printing ink of a direct print on containers. The method may comprise, mutatis mutandis, the features described hereinbefore with respect to the curing station and/or the direct printing machine, individually or in arbitrary combinations. 
     Due to the fact that, by means of the at least one UV light unit, a UV light field for curing the printing ink is generated through the 2D arrangement of UV LEDs by means of LED technology, the UV light is generated more efficiently and can be switched particularly quickly. Hence, the UV light unit develops less heat and can be switched on and off particularly fast, without any warm-up time. Due to the fact the present light source is not a single UV light source but a 2D arrangement of a plurality of UV LEDs, the UV LEDs can be controlled individually, so that the UV light field will be adapted to the actual curing demands individually to the container shape and the size of the direct print, respectively. In addition, due to the adaptation of the UV light field, the containers can be moved past the UV light unit at a particularly small distance therefrom, without the surface area positioned closest to the UV light source being excessively irradiated. As a result, the entire radiation output required is not as high as in the case of known UV light sources. It follows that the method requires less effort and is more flexible in use. 
     The fact that the UV LEDs are switchable has a particularly advantageous effect in preventing light pollution with respect to the print heads. In this way, it can be ensured by control measures that the UV light unit is switched off whenever a container is conveyed out of a treatment labyrinth/chamber area and stray light could fall on one of the direct printing heads. 
     The UV light units can move along with the conveyance of the containers, the UV light fields being generated depending on conveyance positions of the containers and/or the container holders relative to a curing and/or pinning section of the curing station. This allows a particularly flexible use of the UV light unit, e.g. for pinning between the printing of two printing inks and, subsequently, for curing. 
     The at least one UV light unit may be arranged stationarily, the UV light field being caused to follow a conveyance movement of the containers by controlling, preferably by switching on and off, the UV LEDs depending on the conveyance movement. The UV light unit can here cause the UV light field to follow the conveyance of the containers. The supply lines can thus be routed particularly easily to the UV light unit, without using a rotary distributor. 
     According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the UV irradiation unit comprises a mixture of different UV light spectra. In this way, it is possible to expose differently preset, UV-curing printing inks with the correct spectrum and the correct dose of the respective spectrum required. 
     The UV LEDs can be controlled based on the distance between the respective UV LED and a container to be cured, so as to homogenize the UV light field acting on the printing ink on the container. In this way, a container area remote from the UV light unit can be cured just as quickly as a container area close to it. 
     A UV sensor may measure a radiation intensity of one or of a plurality of the UV LEDs and control the radiation intensity accordingly. This allows a compensation of production- and ageing-dependent fluctuations of the radiation output of the UV LEDs. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       Further features and advantages of the present invention will be explained in more detail hereinafter on the basis of the embodiments shown in the figures, in which: 
         FIG. 1A  shows an embodiment of a printing station and of a curing station in a top view; 
         FIG. 1B-1C  show detail views of the curing station according to  FIG. 1A  in a side view and in a top view; 
         FIG. 2A  shows a further embodiment of a printing station and of a curing station in a top view; 
         FIG. 2B-2C  show detail views of the curing station according to  FIG. 2A  in a side view and in a top view; 
         FIG. 2D-2E  show, in a top view, the printing station and the curing station according to  FIG. 2A  with an additional treatment labyrinth during operation; 
         FIG. 3  shows a further embodiment of a curing station with a carousel as a conveyor in a top view; 
         FIG. 4  shows a further embodiment of a curing station with a linear conveying unit as a conveyor in a top view; 
         FIG. 5  shows a further embodiment of a curing station with a linear conveying unit as a conveyor in a top view; and 
         FIG. 6  shows an embodiment of a UV LED according to  FIG. 1-5  with a UV sensor in a top view. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG. 1A-1C  show an embodiment of a printing station  120  and of a curing station  100  in a top view. What can be seen are the containers  102 , which are transferred by means of the infeed starwheel  104  to the conveyor  101 , where they are received in the container holders  103 . The conveyor  101  is here configured e.g. as a carousel, which rotates about a vertical axis in the direction T and thus moves the containers  102  past the printing station  120  for applying a direct print and past the UV light unit  110 . Subsequently, the containers  102  are transferred to the discharge starwheel  105  and advanced so as to undergo further treatment steps. 
     The printing station  120  comprises a plurality of direct printing heads  121   Y ,  121   M ,  121   C ,  121   K  and  121   W , each having one or a plurality of rows of nozzles operating according to the ink jet principle. In the printing station  120 , the containers  102  have successively printed thereon a plurality of raster images in yellow, magenta, cyan, black and white, which overlap so as to form a color direct print identifying the content of the containers  102 . The respective printing inks are curable with UV light and can therefore be dried very quickly. For circumferential printing or printing around the full circumference, the containers  102  are additionally rotated relative to the direct printing heads  121   Y ,  121   M ,  121   C ,  121   K  and  121   W  by means of the container holders  103 . To this end, the container holders  103  each have a rotary table  103   b , which is adapted to be rotated by a direct drive, and a centering bell  103   a.    
     For curing the printing ink, the containers  102  are moved past the UV light unit  110 , which is stationarily arranged at the curing station  100 . The UV light unit  110  comprises a carrier plate  111  and a matrix arrangement of UV LEDs  112  for generating a UV light field  113 . The UV light field  113  can thus be caused to follow the conveying direction T of the containers  102  by switching the UV LEDs on and off or dimming them in a suitable manner by the control unit  106 . The printing inks are thus cured, so that they will no longer run into one another and will be scratch-resistant. 
     The structure of the UV light unit  110  is shown in more detail in  FIG. 1B  from the side and in  FIG. 1C  from above. In  FIG. 1B  it can be seen that the UV LEDs  112  are attached to the carrier plate  111  in a matrix arrangement. The 2D arrangement extends e.g. over the entire height of the containers  102  along the curing section A shown in  FIG. 1A . In addition, all UV LEDs  112  work with a wavelength in the UV light spectrum, preferably in the UV-B or UV-C range. 
     The structure of the UV light unit  110  may comprise a mixed assembly of various types of UV LEDs with different UV light spectra in order to be able to process differently preset, UV-curing printing inks. The required UV light spectra can be activated according to demand and position, this means e.g. that a front print will be cured with 280 nm while a back print will be fixed with 310 nm. 
     It can also be seen that most UV LEDs  112   a  are switched off, since they are either not located opposite the container  102  or outside an irradiation zone for direct printing  102   a , which does here not extend over the full height of the container  102  but only on the container belly. The UV LEDs  112   b , however, are switched on with higher intensity and the UV LEDs  112   c  with lower intensity. As can be seen in more detail in  FIG. 1C , this results in a UV light field  113  with higher intensity at the container areas spaced apart from the UV LEDs  112  at a greater distance and with lower intensity at the container areas spaced apart from the UV LEDs  112  at a smaller distance. This homogenizes the UV light field  113  acting on the direct print  102   a  and curing takes place in a particularly uniform manner. 
     In addition, it can be seen in  FIGS. 1B and 1C  that the UV light field  113  is caused to follow the container conveyance in the direction T. To this end, the UV LEDs  112  of the UV light unit  110  are controlled, individually or in groups, depending on the respective conveyance position P 1 , P 2 , P 3  of the containers  102  relative to the curing section A and the UV light unit  110 , respectively. This means that the UV light field  113  virtually migrates along with the conveyance movement of the containers  102 . 
     In addition, the containers  102  can be rotated in the container holders  103  by means of the rotary tables  103   b  while being conveyed in the direction T, so as to cure e.g. a rear direct print, which is here not shown. 
     Due to the fact that the UV light unit  110  comprises the matrix arrangement of UV LEDs  112 , the UV light field  113  can be caused to follow the conveyance movement of the containers  102  during the curing process and will thus act on the printing ink of the direct print  102   a  over a longer period of time. Hence, the printing ink can be sufficiently cured with a lower radiation output of the UV LEDs  112 , without ozone being generated and without the necessity of cooling a high heat output. In addition, the UV LEDs  112  can be switched very fast and the UV light field  113  can directly be adapted to various direct print sizes. A warm-up time can be dispensed with as well. Moreover, the UV LEDs work in UV-A and/or UV-B, so that eye protection will be less complicated. It follows that the curing station  100  and the direct printing machine  120 ,  100  are less complicated and more flexible in use. 
       FIG. 2A-2E  show a further embodiment of a printing station  220  and a curing station  200 . The embodiment essentially differs from the above insofar as, instead of the stationary UV light unit  110  according to  FIG. 1A-1C , the UV light units  210  are arranged at the container holders  203  such that they move together therewith. 
     The printing station  220  comprising the direct printing heads  221   Y ,  221   M ,  221   C ,  221   K  and  221   W  corresponds, as regards structure and function, to the printing station  120  according to  FIG. 1A-1C . 
       FIG. 2B-2C  show a container holder  203  and the associated curing station  210   a  in a side view and in a top view, in which the container  202  is just being cured. This is done in the curing section A during conveyance after printing with the last direct printing head  221   W  has been carried out. 
     What can be seen is that the UV light unit  210  comprises a carrier  211  and a matrix arrangement of UV LEDs  212 , which generates the UV light field  213  for curing the printing ink. The UV light unit  210  is arranged on the carousel  201  and is conveyed by the latter, together with the respective container holder  203 , in the conveying direction T. 
     During printing with the direct printing heads  221   Y ,  221   M ,  221   C ,  221   K  and  221   W , the UV light units  210   a  are deactivated by the control unit  206 , so as to prevent a curing of printing ink in the printing nozzles, which may lead to malfunction. 
     However, the UV light units  210  are controlled by the control unit  206  in the pinning sections B 1 B 4 , i.e. depending on the conveyance position of the respective containers  202  between the direct printing heads  221   Y ,  221   M ,  221   C ,  221   K  and  221   W , in such a way that the printing ink which has just been printed on is slightly cured (pinning) by the UV LEDs  212  so that it will not run into the subsequently applied printing ink. 
     In addition, the control unit  206  controls the outputs of the UV LEDs  212  on the basis of the conveyance position of the respective container holder  203 , individually or in groups, such that, based on a distance of the respective UV LED  212  from the container  202 , the UV LEDs will generate a homogeneously effective UV light field  213  in the curing section A. This is shown in more detail in  FIGS. 2B and 2C . Since in this example, the direct print is only provided on the container belly, the upper UV LEDs  212  are deactivated, so that no unnecessary heat output will be generated. The two lateral UV LED groups  212   b , however, are switched on with higher intensity and the UV LEDs  212   c  with lower intensity. As can be seen more precisely in  FIG. 2C , this results in a UV light field  213  with a higher intensity at the container areas spaced apart from the UV LEDs  212  at a large distance and with a lower intensity at the container areas spaced apart from the UV LEDs  212  at a small distance. This homogenizes the UV light field  113  acting on the direct print  202   a  and curing takes place in a particularly uniform manner. 
     In addition, the curing section A spans a larger area of the conveying path subsequent to the printing station  220  and up to the discharge starwheel  205 , so that the printing ink on the container  202  can be irradiated longer. In this way, a sufficient curing effect will be accomplished even with a lower radiation output of the UV LEDs  212 . 
     It is imaginable that the UV light units  210  comprise UV LEDs  212  in the UV-A range for pinning as well as in the UV-B and/or UV-C range for curing. 
     Furthermore, the rotary tables  203   b  of the container holders  203  are configured to be rotatable by a direct drive. During the curing process, it is therefore possible to rotate the containers  202  so as to cure the printing ink of a direct print applied to the back of the container. 
     Since each container holder  203  has assigned thereto a UV light unit  210 , the curing station  200  according to  FIG. 2A-2C  can be used in a particularly flexible manner. 
     In  FIG. 2D-2E , the printing station  220  and the curing station  200  of  FIG. 2A  are shown in a top view with an additional treatment labyrinth  230  during operation. What can be seen is that the treatment labyrinth  230  with the shielding elements  231   a ,  231   b  and  232  is arranged on the conveyor  201  between the individual container holders  203 . The shielding elements  231   a ,  231   b  define a housing for the container holders  203 , and the shielding elements  232  do so likewise for the UV light units  210 . 
     In this way, chambers are formed, which each contain a UV light unit  210  and a container holder  203 , these chambers shielding the neighboring chambers from the stray light. In addition, the shielding elements  231   a ,  231   b ,  232  are configured such that for each chamber a first access opening  233  for the direct printing heads  221  and a second access opening for the respective associated UV light unit  210  is formed. 
     In  FIG. 2D  it can be seen that the containers  202  are just being cured subsequent to the last direct printing head  221   W , the UV light units  210   a  between the last direct printing head  221   W  and the discharge starwheel  205  being here activated. Conversely, the other UV light units  210   b  are deactivated at this moment in time, since at some of the treatment positions containers  202  are just printed on by the direct printing heads  221  through the access openings  230 . In this way, printing ink is prevented from being cured directly on the direct printing heads  221  and from thus impairing the function of the latter. 
     Furthermore, it can be seen in  FIG. 2E  that the conveyor  201  has been rotated a little further and that the containers  202  are just located at positions between the direct printing heads  221 . In this area, stray light from the UV light units  210   a  is shielded off by the treatment labyrinth  230 , preferably by the shielding elements  231   a ,  231   b , such that it cannot arrive at the inactive direct printing heads  221 . Consequently, this position of the conveyor  201  allows the UV light units  210   a  to be activated so as to pin, through the access openings  234 , the printing ink between the individual direct printing heads  221 . In this way, an even sharper print result is accomplished. 
       FIG. 3  shows a further embodiment of a curing station  300  with a carousel as a conveyor  301  in a top view. The embodiment differs from that in  FIG. 1A-1C  essentially insofar as the conveyor is configured as a carousel  301  with a hollow shaft  301   a  and the UV light unit  310  is arranged centrally in the hollow shaft  301   a  instead of peripherally on the outer circumference. In addition, the printing station is not arranged on the conveyor  301  of the curing station  300 , but as a separate unit, which has its own conveyor and which is not shown here. The printing station is arranged upstream of the curing station, so that the containers  302  that have already been provided with the printing ink are transferred to the container holders  303  of the curing station  300  by means of the infeed starwheel  304 . 
     What can be seen is that the UV light unit  310  is configured with a columnlike, hollow cooling body  311 , which defines a chimney and which is adapted to be forced-ventilated via the fan  314 . The UV LEDs  312  are arranged on the outside of the cooling body  311  above the carousel plane such that they are directed radially outwards. In this way, the UV light field is radiated substantially radially outwards and the printing ink on the containers  302  is cured. In order to allow all container areas to be cured all around, the container holders  303  are configured to be rotatable, so that the containers  302  can be rotated about their longitudinal axes. 
     The outputs of the UV LEDs are controlled individually or in groups by a control unit, which is here not shown, based on conveyance positions of the containers  302  relative to the curing section A. Thus, the UV light field is caused to follow the conveyance of the containers in the direction T, without the necessity of rotating the UV light unit  310 . As a result, the UV light unit  310  can be controlled without a rotary distributor and has therefore a particularly simple structural design. 
       FIG. 4  shows a further embodiment of a curing station  400  with a linear conveying unit  401  as a conveyor in a top view. What can be seen is that the containers  402 , which have already been provided with printing ink by a printing station that is not shown, are conveyed by means of the linear conveying unit  401  along the UV light unit  410  that is provided with carrier  411  and cured while moving therealong. The UV light unit  410  comprises also in this case a matrix arrangement of UV LEDs  412 , which generate a UV light field for curing the printing ink. It can also be seen that most of the UV LEDs  412   a  are switched off, since they are not located opposite the container  402 . The UV LEDs  412   b , however, are switched on with different intensities, based on a distance between the respective UV LED  412   b  and the container  402 , so as to homogenize the UV light field acting on the printing ink on the container  402 . In this way, curing takes place in a particularly uniform manner. 
     In addition, the UV light field is caused to follow the container conveyance by switching the UV LEDs  412 . To this end, the UV LEDs  412  of the UV light unit  410  are controlled individually or in groups by means of a control unit, which is here not shown, depending on the respective conveyance position of the containers  402  relative to the curing section A and the UV light unit  410 , respectively. This means that the UV light field virtually migrates along with the conveyance movement of the containers  402 . 
     It follows that a curing station  400  with a 2D arrangement of UV LEDs  412  can also be used in the case of a linear conveying unit  401 . The curing station  400  is thus comparatively uncomplicated and can be used in a flexible manner. 
       FIG. 5  shows a further embodiment of a curing station  500  with a linear conveying unit  501  as a conveyor in a top view. The embodiment differs from that in  FIG. 4  only insofar as two UV light units  510   a ,  510   b  are here arranged in opposed relationship at the linear conveying unit  501 . Each of the two UV light units  510   a ,  510   b  is provided with a carrier  511   a ,  511   b  and a matrix arrangement of UV LEDs  512   a ,  512   b . Both UV light units  510   a ,  510   b  work like the UV light unit  410  that has been described above with respect to  FIG. 4  and, accordingly, they are controlled by means of a control unit, which is here not shown, such that the UV light fields are caused to follow the conveyance of the containers  502 . 
     Due to the fact that the UV light units  510   a ,  510   b  are formed at the linear conveying unit  501  on both sides thereof, both container sides can be cured simultaneously and without rotating the containers. The curing station  500  thus works in a particularly efficient manner. It is also imaginable that two opposed UV light units are arranged along the conveying path in the case of the curing stations  100 ,  200 ,  300  in  FIG. 1A-3 . 
       FIG. 6  shows an embodiment of a UV LED  112 ,  212 ,  312 ,  412 ,  512  of the type used for the curing stations  100 ,  200 ,  300 ,  400 ,  500  of  FIG. 1-5 . In addition, the UV sensor  15  can be seen, which measures the radiation intensity of the UV light and transmits a corresponding signal to the control units. Since the radiation output of UV LEDs varies in a production- and ageing-dependent manner, this can be detected by the UV sensor  15  and compensated for by means of an appropriate control, preferably current control, or change of the PWM. 
     It is also imaginable that the UV sensor  15 ′ is arranged at the conveyor  101 ,  201 ,  301 ,  401 ,  501  in opposed relationship with the UV LED  112 ,  212 ,  312 ,  412 ,  512 , whereby the radiation intensity in the forward direction is particularly well detected. 
     It goes without saying that the features described in the above embodiments are not limited to these combinations, but can be provided individually or in any other combination.