Patent Publication Number: US-8537201-B2

Title: Combining video data streams of differing dimensionality for concurrent display

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Embodiments of the invention generally relate to the field of electronic image display and, more particularly, combining video data streams of differing dimensionality for concurrent display. 
     BACKGROUND 
     A display system, such as a television, a computer, or other similar display system, may be utilized to generate a display of multiple video images, the images being generated from multiple video data streams. The display may include concurrent display of multiple data streams. 
     In particular, a display system may generate a main image and one or more sub-images. For example, a Picture in Picture (PiP) display is a feature of certain video transmitter and receiver elements. In a PiP display, a first channel (main image) is displayed using the majority of the display (such as a full screen display) at the same time as one or more other channels (sub-images) are displayed in inset windows. Thus, the one or more sub-images generally obscure a portion of the main image. 
     However, video technology is evolving and, rather than being simply two-dimensional (2D) images, may include three-dimensional (3 D) images. In an example, data may include 2D HDMI™ (High Definition Multimedia Interface) video data streams as well as 3D HDMI video data streams. (High Definition Multimedia Interface 1.4 Specification, issued May 28, 2009) Thus, data streams received for generation of images may be 2D video data streams, 3D video data streams, or a combination of 2D and 3D video data streams. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements. 
         FIG. 1  is an illustration of systems to display 2D and 3D video data streams; 
         FIG. 2  is an illustration of 2D and 3D video data frames; 
         FIG. 3  is an illustration of an embodiment of an apparatus and system for processing and display of main video and sub-video data streams; 
         FIG. 4  is a flowchart to illustrate an embodiment of a process for handling video data streams; and 
         FIG. 5  illustrates an embodiment for combining a 2D main video data stream and a 2D sub-video data stream; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates an embodiment for combining a 3D main video data stream and a 3D sub-video data stream; 
         FIG. 7  illustrates an embodiment for combining a 2D main video data stream and a 3D sub-video data stream; 
         FIG. 8  illustrates an embodiment for combining a 3D main video data stream and a 2D sub-video data stream; 
         FIG. 9A  illustrates an embodiment for shifting 2D sub-video data streams within a 3D main video data stream; 
         FIG. 9B  illustrates an embodiment for shifting 3D sub-video data streams within a 3D main video data stream; 
         FIG. 10  illustrates an embodiment of a video combiner for combining data streams of varying dimensionality; and 
         FIG. 11  illustrates an embodiment of an apparatus or system for processing data streams of varying dimensionality. 
     
    
    
     SUMMARY 
     Embodiments of the invention are generally directed to combining video data streams of differing dimensionality for concurrent display. 
     In a first aspect of the invention, an embodiment of an apparatus includes an interface to receive multiple video data streams, a dimensionality of each video stream being either two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D). The apparatus further includes a processing module to process a first video data stream as a main video image and one or more video data streams as video sub-images, the processing module including a video combiner to combine the main video data stream and the sub-video data streams to generate a combined video output. The processing module is configured to modify a dimensionality of each of the video sub-images to match a dimensionality of the main video image. 
     In a second aspect of the invention, an embodiment of a method includes receiving multiple video data streams, a dimensionality of each of the video data streams being either two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D). A first video data stream is selected as a main video channel, and one or more video data streams are selected as a sub-video channels. The dimensionality of each of the sub-video data streams is converted to match the dimensionality of the first data stream. A combined video output is generated, the video output including a main video image generated from the main video channel and a video sub-images generated from the sub-video channels. 
     In a third aspect of the invention, an embodiment of a video combiner includes a multiplexer to multiplex a main video data stream with one or more sub-video data streams to generate combined pixel data, wherein the data streams may be either three-dimensional (3D) or two-dimensional (2D). The video combiner further includes a synchronization extractor to extract synchronization signals from the main video data stream, a first coordinate processor to identify pixels to be included in the combined pixel data based on the extracted synchronization signals, where the first coordinate processor operates for 2D and 3D main video streams, and a 3D video module including a second coordinate processor to identify pixels to be included in the combined pixel data based on the extracted synchronization signals, where the second coordinate processor operates for 3D main video streams. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Embodiments of the invention are generally directed to combining video data streams of differing dimensionality for concurrent display. 
     In some embodiments, a method, apparatus, or system is provided for concurrent display of multiple video data streams, where the video data streams may include streams of differing dimensionality. The data streams may include both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) data streams. As used herein, the dimensionality of an image or video stream refers to type or number of dimensions represented by the image or video, and thus whether the video or image is of 2D or 3D dimensionality. 
     In some embodiments, a method, apparatus, or system may operate to combine or mix images generated from video data streams such that one or more sub-video images are displayed with a main video image in a combined video output, where the method, apparatus, or system operates to match the dimensionality of the images. In some embodiments, one or more sub-video images are converted or synthesized to match the dimensionality of such sub-video images with a main video image. 
       FIG. 1  is an illustration of systems to display 2D and 3D video data streams. In this illustration, for a two-dimensional case, a transmitting device (data source)  105 , such as an HDMI transmitter, may provide a data stream  110  comprising a stream of 2D data frames. The 2D data stream is received by a receiving device (data sink)  115 , such as a high definition television (HDTV), to decode and display the 2D image as the data stream is received. 3D video format is a newer feature of HDMI, in which the viewer is to see a slightly different image in each eye to create an illusion of depth in an image. For a three-dimensional case, a transmitting device for 3D video  120 , such as a 3D-compatible HDMI transmitter, may provide a data stream  125  comprising a stream of 3D data frames containing left and right channel images. As shown in  FIG. 1 , 3D-capable HDMI transmitters pack both left and right images within a single frame for transmitting the frames over an HDMI data stream. The 3D data stream is received by a receiving device  130 , such as an HDTV with 3D video capability, to display the left and right channels. When the 3D-capable HDTV  130  receives a 3D frame, it decodes and splits a data frame into left and right images. There are several methods for displaying stereoscopic image, with active shutter glasses  140  being a popular method for HDTV viewing. As illustrated, the HDTV implements stereoscopic display by alternating between left and right image on a display panel. In this illustration, active glasses  140  block or pass light in sync with the left image  150  or right image  145  being displayed by the HDTV  130 , with the HDTV  130  including a sync emitter  135  to broadcast a synchronization signal for operation of the active glasses  140 . 
       FIG. 2  is an illustration of 2D and 3D video data frames.  FIG. 2  illustrates a 2D video format  205  and a 3D video format  210 . In the 2D format  205 , a single active video region is provided, such as Frame  1  followed by second frame, Frame  2 . In the 3D video format  210 , two active video regions, shown as a left region and a right region, together with and active space between the two active video regions, compose a 3D active video frame. There are several possible formats for the 3D video structure, with the possibilities including frame packing, field alternative, line alternative, side-by-side, L+ depth and others. Most of such formats have a similarity to the illustrated frame structure in that two 2D frames (left and right) comprise a single 3D frame. However, embodiments are not limited to this type of 3D structure. 
       FIG. 3  is an illustration of an embodiment of an apparatus and system for processing and display of main video and sub-video data streams. In this illustration, a general flow diagram of an embodiment for generating PiP video from multiple video streams is provided. In some embodiments, one of multiple incoming video channels is selected by the viewer to be used for main video. In this illustration, the chosen video channel is Video  1 , element  302 , to produce the main video  330 . One or more other incoming video channels may be selected for sub-video channels, which in this illustration are Video  2 , element  304 , via sub-channel selection  314  through Video N+1, element  306 , via sub-channel selection  316 . In some embodiments, a sub-video channel may include an on-screen display (OSD), where an OSD is a feature to overlay information, such as, for example, a setup menu or a closed caption, over a video image. In some embodiments, a video channel selected as a sub-video channel may be downsized, including but not limited to downsampling, downscaling, or cropping of the video channel, to fit a screen window for display. In some embodiments, a downsizing element, such as downsampling process or module  318 - 320 , reduces the size of the sub-video coming from the sub-channels, and generates sub-images that are denoted in  FIG. 3  as Sub  1 , element  332 , and Sub N, element  334 . In some embodiments, in order to synchronize sub-images to the main video stream, the sub-images are received from the downsampling modules and temporarily stored in one or more buffers  322 - 324  prior to combining images. In some embodiments, the buffers are utilized to provide pixel data for the sub-video to be overlaid in a portion or portions of the main video  330 . In some embodiments, a video combiner process or module  340  operates to merge the main video image  330  and sub-video images  332 - 334  for display within a single screen, shown as a combined video output  350  containing main video  352  and sub-videos  354 - 356 . In contrast to conventional PiP video that assumes that all incoming video streams are 2D video that may have different resolution and sampling rates, some embodiments provide for enhancement of video combination function to support 2D and 3D video together for PiP display. 
     In some embodiments, an apparatus, system, or method provides for combining both homogeneous and heterogeneous video for PiP display. In some embodiments, for heterogeneous PiP display, at least one of the incoming video data streams is 2D video data while at least one of the incoming video data streams is 3D video data. In some embodiments, an outgoing video may be either a 2D or 3D video image depending on the dimensionality of the main incoming video. 
     Table 1 illustrates combinations of incoming 2D and 3D video data streams and the resulting outgoing PiP video image. In some embodiments, the dimensionality of the outgoing PiP video is associated with the dimensionality of the data stream that is selected to be the main video data image. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Incoming Main Video 
                 Incoming Sub-Video 
                 Outgoing 
               
               
                 Case 
                 Data Stream 
                 Data Stream 
                 PiP Video 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 2D in 2D 
                 2D 
                 2D 
                 2D 
               
               
                 3D in 3D 
                 3D 
                 3D 
                 3D 
               
               
                 3D in 2D 
                 2D 
                 3D 
                 2D 
               
               
                 2D in 3D 
                 3D 
                 2D 
                 3D 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
       FIG. 4  is a flowchart to illustrate an embodiment of a process for handling video data streams. In this illustration, multiple video inputs are received 405, wherein the video inputs may be any combination of 2D and 3D video data stream. Of the video inputs, a main channel and one or more sub-channels are identified  410 . In some embodiments, the sub-channels are downsized to form sub-videos for a PiP display  415 . 
     In some embodiments, if the main video is 2D  420  and a sub-channel is 2D  425 , this then results in a combination of the 2D main video and 2D sub-video  435 , such as occurs in a conventional PiP operation. However, if the main video is 2D  420  and a sub-channel is 3D  425 , a 2D sub-video is synthesized from the 3D sub-channel  430 . For example, the 2D sub-channel may be synthesized by choosing either the left channel or the right channel of the 3D video data stream for the video to be downsampled and combined to utilize for the PiP video output. The 2D main video and 2D synthesized sub-video are combined to form the combined PiP video output  435 . Subsequent to combination, the video may be presented, with the combined video being the 2D sub-video as a picture in picture over the 2D main video  440 . 
     In some embodiments, if the main video is 3D  420  and a sub-channel is 2D  445 , then a 3D sub-video is synthesized from the 2D sub-channel  450 . For example, the 3D sub-video may be synthesized by copying the sub-channel to both left and right sub-channels for the synthesized 3D sub-channel. The synthesized 3D sub-channels are downsized and combined with the 3D main channel to generate the PiP video  455 . The 3D main video and 3D synthesized sub-video are combined to form the combined PiP video output  455 . If the main video is 3D  420  and a sub-channel is 3D  445 , this then results in a combination of the 3D main video and 3D sub-video  455 . With the use of the 3D main video, the combination of the videos may include shifting the relative viewing distance of the sub-video compared with the main video  460 . Subsequent to combination, the video may be presented, with the combined video output being the 3D sub-video as a picture in picture over the 3D main video  465 . 
       FIG. 5  illustrates an embodiment for combining a 2D main video data stream and a 2D sub-video data stream. In some embodiments, a 2D video channel may be selected as a main channel  510 , each video frame including a single main video frame  530 . A 2D video channel may further be chosen as a sub-channel  520 , each video frame including a single video frame that is downsized to form the sub-video frame  532 . In some embodiments, a video combiner  540  receives the main video frames and the sub-video frames, where the video combiner  540  operates to merge the main video and sub-video streams. In some embodiments, the combining process replaces pixels of the main video with pixels of the sub-video within a sub-frame region that is defined by the viewer or the video system. The result is a combined video  550  including a main video frame  552  and one or more sub-video frames  554 , where the one or more sub-video frames obscure a portion of the main video frame  552 . 
       FIG. 6  illustrates an embodiment for combining a 3D main video data stream and a 3D sub-video data stream. In some embodiments, a 3D video channel may be selected as a main channel  610 , each video frame including a left video frame region  630  and a right video frame region  631 . A 3D video channel may further be chosen as a sub-channel  620 , each video frame including a left video frame region that is downsized to form the left sub-frame region  632  and a right video frame region that is downsized to form the right sub-frame region  633 . Thus, both the main video and sub-video are 3D video that contain left and right regions within a single 3D frame. In some embodiments, a video combiner  640  receives the main video frames and the sub-video frames and operates to merge the main video and sub-video streams, the video combiner  640  inserting the left region of sub-video into the left region of main video and inserts the right region of the sub-video into the right region of main video. The combined video  650  includes a main left video region  652  with left sub-video region  654  and a main right video region  653  with right sub-video region  655 , where sub-video regions obscure a portion of the main video regions. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates an embodiment for combining a 2D main video data stream and a 3D sub-video data stream. In this case, a generated PiP video is 2D and does not present 3D effects on viewer&#39;s screen. In some embodiments, because the main video is 2D, the dimensionality of the generated PiP video will be 2D. However, the incoming sub-video is 3D. In some embodiments, in order to match the sub-video dimensionality to the main video dimensionality, the 3D sub-video is synthesized to generate 2D video. There are multiple methods for converting or synthesizing 3D video to form 2D video. In some embodiments, a method for conversion includes discarding one side of a video region and using only the other side. For example, the video combiner may discard the left region of each sub-video frame and insert the right region into the main video. Although viewers can only see the right image of each sub-video frame in the generated inset screen, there generally is no major loss of information because only a slight difference between the left and right images is required for creating the illusion of depth in the image. However, embodiments are not limited to any particular process for converting a 3D channel to generate a 2D video image. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 7 , a 2D video channel may be selected as a main channel  710 , each video frame including a single video frame region  730 . A 3D video channel may be chosen as a sub-channel  720 , each video frame including a left video frame region that is downsized to form the left sub-frame region  732  and a right video frame region that is downsized to form the right sub-frame region  733 . Thus, the main video channel and the sub-video channel have differing dimensionalities. In some embodiments, the dimensionality of the sub-video is converted to generate a 2D sub-video image. In some embodiments, a video combiner  740  receives the main video frames and the sub-video frames and operates to merge the main video and sub-video streams, the video combiner eliminating either the left or the right region on the sub-video and inserting the remaining region of sub-video into the main video. The combined video  750  includes a main video region  752  with an inset window containing the right or left sub-video region  754 . 
       FIG. 8  illustrates an embodiment for combining a 3D main video data stream and a 2D sub-video data stream. In this illustration, an incoming sub-video is 2D and thus there is only a single image per 2D frame, as opposed to one left image and one right image per 3D frame. In some embodiments, in order to match the dimensionality of the sub-channel  820  (which is downsized to generate the sub-video image  832 ) to the 3D format of main video channel  810  (for which each frame includes a left region  830  and right region  831 ) the video combiner  840  synthesizes a 3D video image from the 2D sub-video data. In some embodiments, the video combiner  840  operates to insert the same sub-image twice into the main video frame. In some embodiments, a copy of the same image of the sub-video is inserted into both the left region and the right region of the main video image to generate the PiP video  850 , illustrated as first sub-video  854  in left region  852  and second sub-video  855  in right region  853 . 
     However, a viewer viewing the generated PiP video in  FIG. 8  will see the 3D effects of the main video outside the inset window while not seeing any 3D effect inside the inset window. Thus, if the inset window is not modified, the image inside the inset window may appear to be flat and two-dimensional at the same depth as the frame of the display screen. Thus, in some embodiments, a synthesized inset video sub-image is further modified to change the apparent depth of the video. 
       FIG. 9A  illustrates an embodiment for shifting 2D sub-video data streams within a 3D main video data stream. In this illustration, an optional and supplemental method for enhancing “2D in 3D” PiP video is provided. Although a 3D effect inside an inset window in “2D in 3D” PiP video is not generated because the source of the sub-video data stream does not include 3D information, in some embodiments an apparatus or system may adjust the apparent “depth” of the entire inset window. The term “depth” here indicates a virtual distance that a viewer perceives when the viewer views the screen with 3D glasses. 
     When the video combiner inserts a sub-image to the same location for both left and right regions of a main video as depicted in video  910  in  FIG. 9A , the inset window appears to the viewer to be located in the same distance as the frame of the screen. In some embodiments, the apparent depth for the viewer may be adjusted such that the inset window appears to the viewer to be located deeper/further away than the frame of the screen. As shown in video  920 , the video combiner may locate the sub-image more left in the left region and places the same sub-image more right in the right region. The offset between the two sub-images is indicated by the symbol “Δ”. As the value of Δ becomes larger, viewer perceives that the inset window is located deeper than (or farther away from) the frame of the screen. 
     In some embodiments, an apparatus or system may also adjust the depth of an inset window such that the viewer perceives that the inset window pops up from the screen. As illustrated in video  930 , a video combiner may place the sub-image more right in the left region and place the same sub-image more left in the right region. The offset between two sub-images is indicated by the symbol “−Δ”. As the value of Δ becomes more negative (below zero), the viewer perceives that the inset window pops up more (or thus is located nearer to the viewer) than the frame of the screen. 
       FIG. 9B  illustrates an embodiment for shifting 3D sub-video data streams within a 3D main video data stream. In this illustration, an inset window in video  940  already has 3D effects, the inset window being based on a 3D video data stream. In some embodiments, an apparatus or system further provides an offset to generate a perceived depth to inset windows. In this illustration, when a positive value of Δ is provided, as shown in the shift of the inset windows in video  950 , the viewer perceives that the entire 3D image within the inset window is located deeper (is farther away) than the main video. In some embodiments, similarly, when a negative value of Δ is provided, as illustrated in video  960 , the viewer perceives that the entire 3D image with the inset window pops up from (is closer than) the main video. 
     In some embodiments, the depth adjustment feature may be utilized to allow viewers to focus on the major object. The major object may be either the main video or the one or more inset windows. For example, in normal picture-in-picture mode, viewers typically want to focus on the main video. If the inset window pops up or is located in the same depth as the frame of the screen, the inset windows may distract viewers&#39; focus and concentration. In this example, an apparatus or system may locate the inset windows deeper by setting the value of Δ to a positive value so that viewers can focus more on the main video. In another example, in a channel switching mode viewers want to navigate using the inset windows to select the next channel to watch. In this case, viewers may prefer to focus on the inset windows. As shown in video  930  or  960 , an apparatus may adjust the depth of inset windows to pop up by using a negative Δ value, and thus operate to attract a viewer&#39;s attention. Thus, in some embodiments, if the major object is the main video, the video combiner may utilize a positive Δ value to increase the perceived depth of the inset windows, and if the major object is an inset video, the video combiner may utilize a negative Δ value to decrease the perceived depth of the inset windows. In some embodiments, the depth adjustment feature may be further utilized to adjust an apparent depth of an on-screen display (OSD). An OSD may be treated as a sub-video channel for purposes of adjusting the depth of the OSD as illustrated in  FIGS. 9A and 9B . Utilizing the depth adjustment feature, a system can cause the OSD to appear to pop up from or locate deeper than the main video. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates an embodiment of a video combiner for combining data streams of varying dimensionality. The video combiner  1000  may be, for example, video combiner  340  illustrated in  FIG. 3 . In  FIG. 10  a video combiner  1000  operates to take main video channel and one or more sub-video channels as inputs and generates an outgoing PiP video. In some embodiments, the video combiner operates to forward the data frames of the main video stream with minimal modification, and then replaces pixels of main video within an inset window with pixels of a sub-video to form the resulting PiP image. 
     In some embodiments, the video combiner  1000  includes multiple modules as shown in  FIG. 10 . In some embodiments, the video combiner receives multiple video channels  1005 , including a channel chosen as the main video and one or more other channels that may be chosen as sub-videos, such as Sub  1  through Sub N in  FIG. 10 . In some embodiments, the video channels  1005  are received by a multiplexer  1040  that operates to replace pixel values of the main channel with pixels of the sub-channels to generate a PiP display. In some embodiments, the multiplexer may utilize alpha-blending to mix the main channel pixel data and sub-channel data pixel in a pre-defined ratio, where alpha-blending describes a process for combining a first (alpha) image with one or more image layers to provide a translucent image. In some embodiments, a sync extract module operates to separate synchronization signals such as Vsync (Vertical synchronization), Hsync (Horizontal synchronization) and DE (Data enable) signals from the main video interface. In some embodiments, the synchronization signals  1050  from the main video are forwarded to a synchronization merge process or module  1060  for the generation of a PiP video output. In some embodiments, a first coordinate processor  1025  traces the coordinate of the current transmitted pixel and determines if the current pixel is located inside the inset window or not. The result of the determination is used to control the multiplexer in selecting the source for the generation of the PiP video. In some embodiments, a module for 3D main video  1015  includes a vertical synchronization inserter (Vsync inserter)  1020  and a second coordinate processor  1030 . In some embodiments, the second coordinate processor  1030  is used in addition to the first coordinate processor  1025  when main video is 3D video. In the case of the 3D main video, first coordinate processor  1025  controls the left region of the 3D format while second coordinate processor  1030  controls the right region of the 3D format. In some embodiments, the second coordinate processor  1030  may be shared with the first coordinate processor  1025 . In some embodiments, the Vsync inserter  1020  operates to insert an additional Vsync signal into the active space region in the 3D format of the main video, which allows second coordinate processor  1030  to calculate coordinates without requiring knowledge of the 3D format. In some embodiments, the resulting pixel values  1055  from the multiplexer  1040  together with the sync signal  1050  from the sync extract module  1010  are received by the sync merge module  1060  to generate the PiP video  1070  for display. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 9A  and  FIG. 9B , in circumstances in which the chosen main video channel is a 3D channel, the apparent depth of the inset window may be adjusted by a variance between left and right sub-images. In this case, the horizontal coordination of first coordinate processor  1025  differs from that of second coordinate processor  1030 . This difference makes the horizontal distance Δ between the left inset window and right inset window, as shown in videos  920  and  930  of  FIG. 9A  and videos  950  and  960  of  FIG. 9B . 
       FIG. 11  illustrates an embodiment of an apparatus or system for processing data streams of varying dimensionality. In this illustration, certain standard and well-known components that are not germane to the present description are not shown. Under some embodiments, a device or system  1100  is an apparatus or system to generate and display concurrent video images, the video images being main video images and one or more sub-video images. 
     Under some embodiments, the apparatus or system  1100  comprises an interconnect or crossbar  1105  or other communication means for transmission of data. The data may include audio-visual data and related control data. The apparatus or system  1100  may include a processing means such as one or more processors  1110  coupled with the interconnect  1105  for processing information. The processors  1110  may comprise one or more physical processors and one or more logical processors. Further, each of the processors  1110  may include multiple processor cores. The interconnect  1105  is illustrated as a single interconnect for simplicity, but may represent multiple different interconnects or buses and the component connections to such interconnects may vary. The interconnect  1105  shown in  FIG. 11  is an abstraction that represents any one or more separate physical buses, point-to-point connections, or both connected by appropriate bridges, adapters, or controllers. The interconnect  1105  may include, for example, a system bus, a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) or PCI express (PCIe) bus, a HyperTransport or industry standard architecture (ISA) bus, a small computer system interface (SCSI) bus, a IIC (I2C) bus, or an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard 1394 bus, sometimes referred to as “Firewire”. (“Standard for a High Performance Serial Bus” 1394-1995, IEEE, published Aug. 30, 1996, and supplements) The apparatus or system  1100  further may include a serial bus, such as a universal serial bus (USB), to which may be attached one or more USB compatible connections. 
     In some embodiments, the apparatus or system  1100  further comprises a random access memory (RAM) or other dynamic storage device as a memory  1115  for storing information and instructions to be executed by the processors  1110 . Memory  1115  also may be used for storing data for data streams or sub-streams. RAM memory includes, for example, dynamic random access memory (DRAM), which requires refreshing of memory contents, and static random access memory (SRAM), which does not require refreshing contents, but at increased cost. DRAM memory may include synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), which includes a clock signal to control signals, and extended data-out dynamic random access memory (EDO DRAM). In some embodiments, memory of the system may contain certain registers, buffers, or other special purpose memory. The apparatus or system  1100  also may comprise a read only memory (ROM)  1130  or other static storage device for storing static information and instructions for the processors  1110 . The apparatus or system  1100  may include one or more non-volatile memory elements  1135  for the storage of certain elements. 
     In some embodiments, a data storage  1120  may be coupled to the interconnect  1105  of the apparatus or system  1100  for storing information and instructions. The data storage  1120  may include a magnetic disk, an optical disc and its corresponding drive, or other memory device. Such elements may be combined together or may be separate components, and utilize parts of other elements of the apparatus or system  1100 . In some embodiments, the data storage may include storage of video data  1125  for presentation on a display. 
     The apparatus or system  1100  may also be coupled via the interconnect  1105  to a display device or element  1140 . In some embodiments, the display  1140  may include a liquid crystal display (LCD), a plasma display, or any other display technology, for displaying information or content to an end user. In some embodiments, the display  1140  may be utilized to concurrently display multiple images, where the multiple images include a main video and one or more sub-video image. In some embodiments, the multiple images may be generated from multiple video data streams received by the apparatus or system  1100 , where a first video stream is selected as the main video  1142  and one or more other video data streams are selected as sub-video images  1144 , where the multiple video data streams may differ in dimensionality. In some embodiments, the processors  1110  may operate to process the received data streams to generate a PiP display for viewing by one or more viewers  1150 . In some embodiments, the data streams selected as sub-video images may be converted or synthesized to match the dimensionality of the main video  1142 . 
     In some embodiments, an input device  1160  may be coupled to or communicate with the apparatus or system  1100  for communicating information and/or command selections to the processors  1110 . In various implementations, the input device  1160  may be a remote control, keyboard, a keypad, a touch screen, voice activated system, or other input device, or combinations of such devices. In some embodiments, the apparatus or system  1100  may further include a cursor control device  1165 , such as a mouse, a trackball, touch pad, or other device for communicating direction information and command selections to the one or more processors  1110  and for controlling cursor movement on the display  1140 . 
     One or more transmitters or receivers  1170  may also be coupled to the interconnect  1105 . In some embodiments, the apparatus or system  1100  may include one or more ports  1175  for the reception or transmission of data. Data that may be received or transmitted may include 3D or 2D video data streams  1180 . The apparatus or system  1100  may further include one or more antennas  1178  for the reception of data via radio signals. The apparatus or system  1100  may also comprise a power device or system  1185 , which may comprise a power supply, a battery, a solar cell, a fuel cell, or other system or device for providing or generating power. The power provided by the power device or system  1185  may be distributed as required to elements of the apparatus or system  1100 . 
     In the description above, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form. There may be intermediate structure between illustrated components. The components described or illustrated herein may have additional inputs or outputs that are not illustrated or described. The illustrated elements or components may also be arranged in different arrangements or orders, including the reordering of any fields or the modification of field sizes. 
     The present invention may include various processes. The processes of the present invention may be performed by hardware components or may be embodied in computer-readable instructions, which may be used to cause a general purpose or special purpose processor or logic circuits programmed with the instructions to perform the processes. Alternatively, the processes may be performed by a combination of hardware and software. 
     Portions of the present invention may be provided as a computer program product, which may include a computer-readable medium having stored thereon computer program instructions, which may be used to program a computer (or other electronic devices) to perform a process according to the present invention. The computer-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, floppy diskettes, optical disks, CD-ROMs (compact disk read-only memory), and magneto-optical disks, ROMs (read-only memory), RAMs (random access memory), EPROMs (erasable programmable read-only memory), EEPROMs (electrically-erasable programmable read-only memory), magnet or optical cards, flash memory, or other type of media/computer-readable medium suitable for storing electronic instructions. Moreover, the present invention may also be downloaded as a computer program product, wherein the program may be transferred from a remote computer to a requesting computer. 
     Many of the methods are described in their most basic form, but processes may be added to or deleted from any of the methods and information may be added or subtracted from any of the described messages without departing from the basic scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many further modifications and adaptations may be made. The particular embodiments are not provided to limit the invention but to illustrate it. 
     If it is said that an element “A” is coupled to or with element “B,” element A may be directly coupled to element B or be indirectly coupled through, for example, element C. When the specification states that a component, feature, structure, process, or characteristic A “causes” a component, feature, structure, process, or characteristic B, it means that “A” is at least a partial cause of “B” but that there may also be at least one other component, feature, structure, process, or characteristic that assists in causing “B.” If the specification indicates that a component, feature, structure, process, or characteristic “may”, “might”, or “could” be included, that particular component, feature, structure, process, or characteristic is not required to be included. If the specification refers to “a” or “an” element, this does not mean there is only one of the described elements. 
     An embodiment is an implementation or example of the invention. Reference in the specification to “an embodiment,” “one embodiment,” “some embodiments,” or “other embodiments” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments is included in at least some embodiments, but not necessarily all embodiments. The various appearances of “an embodiment,” “one embodiment,” or “some embodiments” are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiments. It should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects.