Patent Publication Number: US-9415759-B2

Title: Vehicle monitoring system with multiple inputs for a tractor-trailer

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a system and method for monitoring various systems on a tractor-trailer, and more particularly to a system and method for monitoring the status of multiple different types of inputs relating to the status of various vehicle systems for a tractor-trailer. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Air operated braking systems have long been utilized to control commercial vehicles such as trucks and trailers, which typically have large gross vehicle weights in a safe and effective manner. The considerable inertial mass of these heavy-duty vehicles in combination with the high speeds at which they travel requires a braking system which responds rapidly with substantial braking power. A spring brake actuator is used in air operated braking systems to provide the force necessary for braking a heavy-duty vehicle. 
     In a typical spring brake system, braking force may be applied in a number of ways. For normal braking operation, compressed air is introduced into the brake chamber, which co-acts with a diaphragm, such as, for example, an elastomeric diaphragm, and a push rod to apply braking force. For emergency and/or parking brake applications, a power spring stores potential energy and exerts the large force required for braking in case of loss of air pressure or air pressure failure. During normal driving operation, compressed air acts on a diaphragm to compress the power spring to maintain the braking system in a released position. When the compressed air is released, the force of the power spring overcomes the force of the compressed air such that the power spring expands co-acting with the diaphragm and push rod. This in turn, applies a braking force in case of failure of the system air pressure or exhaustion of compressed air while the vehicle is not in operation or is parked. 
     A loss of compressed air in typical air brake systems means that the power spring applies a braking force to prevent the vehicle from moving. Accordingly, some systems have provided for an emergency/supply pressure line to the braking system such that, in the event of a loss of air pressure on the primary service/control line to the brake system, compressed air will still flow to the brake via an emergency/supply air pressure line. While this configuration will provide a functioning system in the event of catastrophic failure of the service/control line, this system will not provide information to the driver regarding the efficiency of the braking system. For example, the service/control line may suffer from a leaky connection causing substantial leaking of the compressed air. There may be enough air pressure in the system to allow for operation of the vehicle, but the vehicle may suffer from brake drag, meaning the air pressure is not high enough to completely overcome the power spring such that the brake is partially applied during normal driving operation. 
     Many problems relating to the air supply to both the service and emergency systems occur with prior art systems. For example, with current systems, the emergency/supply line extends to the braking mechanism adjacent to the wheel, and is therefore, subject to damage. If the emergency/supply line becomes damaged, there is no way to determine this if the service/control line continues to function, even if it is only partially functional. Likewise, incorrect connection of supply hoses when a braking system is removed for servicing and re-installed may occur. If, for example, the emergency/supply line is incorrectly re-installed, upon failure of the primary supply line, the braking system will not function. Another air related problem that exists for prior art systems is the provision of service/control air pressure to the trailer when the brakes are not applied. If, for example, there is an air leak from the tractor to the trailer on the service/control pressure line at all times. Still another problem that prior art systems face is the service/control and emergency/supply lines can deliver inadequate pressure due to obstructions or leaks within the air lines. If, for example, moisture in a pressure line freezes and obscures the air pressure line or an air line cracks or gets damaged by road debris. 
     Another problem that prior art systems face is the provision of stoplight power to the trailer when the brakes are applied. If, for example, the stoplight switch is faulty, stoplight power can be present at the trailer without service/control pressure. 
     Additional problems with prior art systems include the lack of input data to the brake monitor. For example, prior art systems do not provide wheel speed data on the power line from a faulty ABS controller. If, for example, the ABS controller has failed or the wheel speed sensors are faulty or have an excessive gap with the exciter ring, then the ABS ECU cannot detect or transmit individual wheel speeds. Similarly, incorrect connection of the 7-conductor electrical connection to the towed vehicle leads to problems in prior art systems. If, for example, the connection is an open circuit, the Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) will not function as well as the stoplights during a braking event. 
     Still another problem that prior art systems face is incorrect air connections to the dolly that connects two trailers together. Each dolly has one service/control and one emergency/supply pressure line to the lead trailer as well as one service/control and one emergency/supply pressure line to the towed trailer. There are twenty-four different combinations these pressure lines on the dolly can be connected between two trailers with only one combination being correct. Incorrect connection of service/control or emergency/supply hoses will cause a various number of failure conditions. One being no brakes when the service/control line has pressure the other being wheel lockup when the emergency/supply line has no pressure. These failure conditions can be on any one or all wheels of the vehicle. Likewise, another problem that prior art systems face is incorrect connection of supply hoses when a braking system is removed for servicing and re-installed. If, for example, the emergency/supply line is incorrectly re-installed, upon failure of the primary supply line, the braking system will not function. These failure conditions can be on any one or all wheels of the vehicle. 
     Another problem that prior art systems face is the service/control and emergency/supply line glad-hand shut-off valves at the rear of the trailer. These valves require an open state when towing another vehicle and require a closed state when they are the rear vehicle on a single or multiple trailer combination. Incorrect positioning of the valves will cause the alarm, warning lamp or wireless message and/or signal to be generated. If, for example, the service line glad-hand shut-off valve is shut off to the towed vehicle causing a failure of the service/control line, the service braking system will not function. 
     As braking systems become more integrated, pneumatic systems are increasingly including electrical components and distribution lines for transmitting power and data. Various electrical components require electrical power to operate correctly including, lamps, electronic circuits, ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) and EBS (Electronic Braking System) to name a few. A loss of electrical power may cause these systems to be non-functional, which would generally be apparent. However, in a situation with reduced or relatively lower power, the systems may not be completely prevented from functioning, but system function and operation may be substantially impaired. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, it is desired to provide a system and method for monitoring service/control line pneumatic pressure to a braking system. 
     It is further desired to provide a system and method for monitoring emergency/supply line pneumatic pressure to a braking system. 
     It is still further desired to provide a system and method for monitoring electrical stoplight power for an ABS braking system. 
     It is still further desired to provide a system and method for reliably monitoring various system parameters and providing the inputs to the brake monitor. 
     It is still further desired to provide a system and method for reliably monitoring wheel speed and/or wheel rotation from the ABS braking system. 
     These and other objects are achieved, in one advantageous embodiment, by the provision of an air brake monitoring system that monitors the pressure in both the service/control line and the emergency/supply line. The system may include, pressure sensors for measuring the various line pressures, and a processor for receiving the various pressure measurements. The processor may be programmed to compare the actual measured pressure of a particular line with a desired threshold pressure level setting. 
     In one embodiment, if the actual measured pressure deviates from the setting by more than a selected percentage or amount (e.g. exceeds the threshold level by a selected amount), then the system can provide various indications to the operator. 
     It is further contemplated that monitoring device(s) may be used to measure various vehicle parameters, which can be transmitted to a monitoring device (e.g., a brake monitoring device). Some of the data transmitted may include monitoring of tire pressure, tire inflation and tire temperature. A monitoring device(s) may further monitor and transmit brake temperature and brake stroke, power spring condition, door status, suspension pressure, tail fin deployment status, steer axle lock, reverse detection, low reservoir warning, anti dock walk, lift axle warning and suspension dump. Any or all of these inputs may be used by the monitoring device in the control of the braking system and/or in the generation of an indication. 
     The system may include pressure switches or transducers for the various line pressures and a processor for receiving the various pressure switch or transducer signals. The processor maybe programmed to receive the pressure switch or transducer signals of a particular pressure line. 
     Some of various alarms that may be transmitted to the driver or central monitoring station may include: warning of potential brake drag (e.g. due to low-pressure caused by air leakage); warning of air system leaks in the emergency/supply line; warning of incorrect air line connections and air system false charging of dolly and/or trailer; warning of closed shut-off or restricted valves, incorrect state of trailer glad-hand shut off valves warning, incorrect dolly connection warning, closed brake valve warning, incorrect vehicle static/dynamic condition, tire pressure warning, tire temperature warning, tire inflation warning, brake temperature warning, and/or brake stroke warning, power spring broken warning, door ajar warning, suspension pressure warning, tail fin deployed warning, steer axle detection, reverse detection warning, low reservoir warning, anti dock walk warning, lift axle warning and suspension dump warning. 
     The system may further provide for monitoring of electrical power levels on various electrical lines used, for example, for stop lamps and/or a variety of electrical devices and equipment. 
     In an advantageous embodiment, the system is provided with an Air Brake Monitoring System (ABMS). The ABMS may be provided with a coupler for connecting to, for example, in a tractor-trailer configuration, ABS power from the trailer. The power is fed into the ABMS, which may be provided as an enclosure that may be mounted adjacent to or in the vicinity of the vehicle braking system. In addition to the ABMS, an ABS valve is coupled to the ABMS via a spring brake pressure line and a service/control brake pressure line. The ABS valve further receives ABS power from the ABMS. It should be noted that this is just one advantageous configuration and that it is contemplated that many differing configurations of the interconnections may be effectively utilized. 
     It is further contemplated that the ABS valve may be provided with a Electronic Control Unit (ECU) for processing various inputs relating to the braking system. 
     The monitoring system may transmit information and/or data to the driver via a data line(s), or may utilize data transmission by means of a Power Line Carrier (PLC). In other words, rather than providing a dedicated data line(s) for transmission of monitoring data, it is contemplated that the data may be sent over the existing ABS electrical power lines. 
     When using the PLC, the air brake monitoring system may turn on all ABS warning lamps as necessary; turn on in-cab ABS lamps; turn on an alarm to resolve issues relating to viewing dolly ABS warning lamp; and allows a system status to be broadcast over the PLC. 
     For this application the following terms and definitions shall apply: 
     The term “data” as used herein means any indicia, signals, marks, symbols, domains, symbol sets, representations, and any other physical form or forms representing information, whether permanent or temporary, whether visible, audible, acoustic, electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or otherwise manifested. The term “data” as used to represent predetermined information in one physical form shall be deemed to encompass any and all representations of the same predetermined information in a different physical form or forms. 
     The term “network” as used herein includes both networks and internetworks of all kinds, including the Internet, and is not limited to any particular network or inter-network. 
     The terms “first” and “second” are used to distinguish one element, set, data, object or thing from another, and are not used to designate relative position or arrangement in time. 
     The terms “coupled”, “coupled to”, and “coupled with” as used herein each mean a relationship between or among two or more devices, apparatus, files, programs, media, components, networks, systems, subsystems, and/or means, constituting any one or more of (a) a connection, whether direct or through one or more other devices, apparatus, files, programs, media, components, networks, systems, subsystems, or means, (b) a communications relationship, whether direct or through one or more other devices, apparatus, files, programs, media, components, networks, systems, subsystems, or means, and/or (c) a functional relationship in which the operation of any one or more devices, apparatus, files, programs, media, components, networks, systems, subsystems, or means depends, in whole or in part, on the operation of any one or more others thereof. 
     In one advantageous embodiment a brake monitoring system is provided comprising a service/control pressure line coupled to a source of pressurized air, an emergency/supply pressure line coupled to the source of pressurized air and a brake valve. The system further comprises an air brake monitoring device having a processor, which is connected to the service/control pressure line and the emergency/supply pressure line. The system is provided such that the air brake monitoring device measures a pressure of the service/control pressure line and the air brake monitoring device compares the measured pressure of the service/control pressure line to a pressure set point. The air brake monitoring device further generates a service/control indication when the measured pressure exceeds a threshold value corresponding to a deviation from the pressure set point. 
     In another advantageous embodiment a method for monitoring an air brake system is provided comprising the steps of coupling a service/control pressure line to a source of pressurized air and coupling an emergency/supply pressure line to the source of pressurized air. The method also includes the steps of coupling a brake valve to the service/control and emergency/supply pressure lines and coupling an air brake monitoring device to the service/control and emergency/supply pressure lines. Finally, the method includes the steps of measuring a pressure of the service/control pressure line, comparing the measured pressure to a pressure set point, and generating a service/control indication when the measured pressure exceeds a threshold value corresponding to a deviation from the pressure set point. 
     In another advantageous embodiment a method for monitoring an air brake system is provided comprising the steps of monitoring the individual wheel speeds or wheel rotations on the power line. The method also includes controlling in-cab lamp trailer ABS lamp, the trailer mounted ABS lamp and alarm as well as Global Positioning System (GPS)/wireless transmitter and/or receiver means based on the static or dynamic condition of the vehicle. Finally, the method includes the steps of measuring the vehicle dynamics in conjunction with a pressure of the service/control pressure line, comparing the measured pressure to a pressure set point, and generating a service/control indication when the measured pressure exceeds a threshold value corresponding to a deviation from the pressure set point. 
     In another advantageous embodiment a method for monitoring an air brake system is provided comprising the steps of monitoring the individual wheel speeds or wheel rotations on the power line. The method also includes controlling in-cab lamp trailer ABS lamp, the trailer mounted ABS lamp and alarm as well as GPS or other wireless means based on the static or dynamic condition of the vehicle. Finally, the method includes the steps of measuring the vehicle dynamics in conjunction with a pressure of the emergency/supply pressure line, comparing the measured pressure to a pressure set point, and generating an emergency/supply indication when the measured pressure exceeds a threshold value corresponding to a deviation from the pressure set point. 
     In another advantageous embodiment a method for monitoring an air brake system is provided comprising the steps of monitoring the stoplight power. The method also includes controlling in-cab lamp trailer ABS lamp, the trailer mounted ABS lamp and alarm as well as GPS or other wireless signals based on the presence of stoplight power in conjunction with a pressure of the service/control pressure line, comparing the measured pressure to a pressure set point, and generating a service/control indication when the measured pressure exceeds a threshold value corresponding to a deviation from the pressure set point. 
     In still another advantageous embodiment a brake monitoring system is provided comprising a service/control pressure line, an emergency/supply pressure line and a brake valve coupled to the service/control pressure line and the emergency/supply pressure line. The system also includes a brake monitoring device coupled to the service/control pressure line and the emergency/supply pressure line, the monitoring device monitoring the pressure of both the service/control pressure line and the emergency/supply pressure line. The system is provided such that the brake monitoring device compares the measured pressure of the service/control pressure line and the emergency/supply pressure line to a pressure set point and the brake monitoring device generates an indication based on the measured pressure. 
     In still another advantageous embodiment a brake monitoring system is provided comprising a service/control pressure line, an emergency/supply pressure line and a brake valve coupled to the service/control pressure line and the emergency/supply pressure line. The system also includes a monitoring device coupled to the service/control pressure line and the emergency/supply pressure line, the monitoring device monitoring the pressure of both the service/control pressure line and the emergency/supply pressure line. The system is provided such that the monitoring device is coupled to a measurement device and the monitoring device generates a warning indication for at least one of the following conditions: brake drag warning, emergency/supply pressure line warning, service/control pressure line warning, loss of stoplight power warning, incorrect state of trailer glad-hand shut off valves warning, incorrect dolly connection warning, incorrect air connection warning, closed brake valve warning, incorrect vehicle static/dynamic condition, tire pressure warning, tire temperature warning, tire inflation warning, brake temperature warning, and brake stroke warning. 
     In another advantageous embodiment a brake monitoring system is provided comprising a service/control pressure line, an emergency/supply pressure line and a brake valve coupled to a brake actuator and operating the brake actuator. The brake valve is coupled to the service/control pressure line and the emergency/supply pressure line. The system further includes a brake monitoring device having a processor and coupled to the service/control pressure line and the emergency/supply pressure line. The monitoring device monitors the pressure of both the service/control pressure line and the emergency/supply pressure line and the processor compares the measured pressure of the service/control pressure line and the emergency/supply pressure line to a pressure set point. Additionally, the brake monitoring device generates a warning indication if one of the measured pressures exceeds a threshold level with absence of stop lamp (brake) power. Additionally, the brake monitoring device generates a warning indication if one of the measured pressures fails to exceed a threshold level. 
     Other objects of the invention and its particular features and advantages will become more apparent from consideration of the following drawings and accompanying detailed description. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIGS. 1A and 1B  are diagrams of a standalone air brake monitoring system. 
         FIGS. 2A and 2B  are diagrams of an air brake monitoring system in conjunction with the ABS. 
         FIGS. 3A and 3B  are diagrams of an air brake monitoring system integrated within the ABS as auxiliary inputs and outputs. 
         FIG. 4A  is a block diagram of various warning inputs to the microprocessor. 
         FIG. 4B  is a block diagram of various warning inputs according to  FIG. 4A . 
         FIG. 5  is an illustration of air brake monitoring device according to  FIGS. 1A and 2A . 
         FIG. 6  is an illustration of the air brake monitoring device according to  FIG. 5 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding structure throughout the views. 
     Stand-Alone Configuration 
     Referring now to  1 A and  1 B.  FIGS. 1A and 1B  depict a stand-alone air brake monitoring system  99  that generally comprises an air brake monitoring device  102 . The stand-alone air brake monitoring system  99  is designed to monitor the status of an air brake system, such as, for example, an air brake system. 
     Also provided is a source of pressurized air  106 , which may be positioned on the tractor portion of a tractor-trailer arrangement. The source of pressurized air  106  is coupled to air brake monitoring device  102  via service/control pressure line  108  and an emergency/supply pressure line  110 . Pressure line couplings  112  and  113  as is known in the art, is illustrated that couples the service/control pressure line  108  and emergency/supply pressure line  110  located on the tractor portion with the service/control pressure line  108 ′ and the emergency/supply pressure line  110 ′ located on the trailer portion. 
     In this particular embodiment of the present invention, two pressure lines are used to provide pressurized air to air brake monitoring device  102  and brake valve  104 . In the event that one of the pressure lines ( 116 ′,  118 ′) become damaged, such as for example, becoming severed or damages to the extent that an insufficient quantity of pressurized air cannot be transmitted to brake valve  104  for operation of the vehicle brake (not shown), a redundant pressure line is provided such that the vehicle may continue to operate as is known in the art. A problem with known systems is that they may become damaged but are still able to provide enough pressurized air to allow functioning of the vehicle brake however, this is no indication to the user/driver that the system is not functioning properly. This can lead to premature failure of the brake system. For example, if a pressure line becomes damaged or begins to leak due to corrosion and/or wear, enough pressurized air may still be provided to operate the vehicle brake, however the relative low-pressure situation only partially disengages the vehicle brake such that during normal operation the brake is partially applied. This results in excessive wear on the brakes and excessive cycling (almost continuous running) of the source of pressurized air  106 . Also, the vehicle itself will have to burn excessive amounts of fuel to overcome the additional frictional force of the partially applied brakes (e.g. brake drag and potential wheel end fire or even trailer fire). All these result in substantially increased operating cost, both in early and unnecessary repair and replacement cost for worn parts and additional fuel costs, insurance cost if trailer fire due to lose of trailer and the trailer contents which are a substantial portion of the vehicle operating costs. 
     Accordingly, the air brake monitoring device  102  monitors the actual pressure of both the device service/control pressure line  116 ′, which corresponds to the pressure in the service/control pressure line  108 ′; and the device emergency/supply pressure line  118 ′, which corresponds to the pressure in the emergency/supply pressure line  110 ′. Air brake monitoring device  102  is provided with a pressure set point against which the actual measured pressures may be compared by a processor  120  ( FIG. 4 ). It is contemplated that if the actual measured pressure differs from the set point, an alarm(s), in-cab trailer warning lamp  154 , an output  149 , which may comprise for instance, a GPS/wireless transmitter and/or receiver. In still another embodiment, it is contemplated that a range of pressures may be acceptable such that an alarm will only be generated if the measured pressure exceeds a threshold value corresponding to a maximum allowable deviation (e.g., a high (first) and/or a low (second) setpoint). The threshold value(s) and/or range(s) may be selected and varied as desired. 
     Also provided in  FIGS. 1A and 1B  is power line carrier  122 , which is connectable to air brake monitoring device  102 . It is contemplated that power line carrier  122  may comprise any typical ABS power connection. Air brake monitoring device  102  may further monitor stoplight power (voltage) provided on stoplight power  133  and compare that measured value to service/control pressure. If the actual measured value differs from or exceeds a maximum allowable deviation, an alarm(s), in-cab trailer warning lamp  154 , an output  149 , which may comprise for instance, a GPS/wireless transmitter and/or receiver. Air brake monitoring device  102  is further coupled to brake valve  104  via a line and/or a device power line (which includes stoplight power  133 ) to provide electrical power and control to and receive data and/or information from brake valve  104 . Also illustrated connected to air brake monitoring device  102  are two inputs that are generically labeled Input  1  ( 123 ) and Input  2  ( 125 ), the function of which will be described in connection with  FIG. 4B . 
     Air Brake Monitoring System in Conjunction with ABS 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 2A and 2B .  FIGS. 2A and 2B  depict an air brake monitoring system  100  that generally comprises an air brake monitoring device  102  and a brake valve  104  that may include an Electronic Control Unit. The air brake monitoring system  100  is designed to monitor the status of a air brake system, such as, for example, an air brake system. 
     Also provided is a source of pressurized air  106 , which may be positioned on the tractor portion of a tractor-trailer arrangement. The source of pressurized air  106  is coupled to brake valve  104  via service/control pressure line  108  and an emergency/supply pressure line  110 . Pressure line couplings  112  and  113  as is known in the art, is illustrated that couples the service/control pressure line  108  and emergency/supply pressure line  110  located on the tractor portion with the service/control pressure line  108 ′ and the emergency/supply pressure line  110 ′ located on the trailer portion. 
     The brake valve  104  is positioned in the vicinity of the brake actuator ( 114 ) and is coupled to air brake monitoring device  102  via a device service/control pressure line  116 ′ and a device emergency/supply pressure line  118 ′. 
     In this particular embodiment of the present invention, two pressure lines are used to provide pressurized air to brake valve  104 . In the event that one of the pressure lines ( 116 ′,  118 ′) become damaged, such as for example, becoming severed or damages to the extent that an insufficient quantity of pressurized air cannot be transmitted to brake valve  104  for operation of the vehicle brake (not shown), a redundant pressure line is provided such that the vehicle may continue to operate as is known in the art. A problem with known systems is that they may become damaged but are still able to provide enough pressurized air to allow functioning of the vehicle brake, however, this is no indication to the user/driver that the system is not functioning properly. This can lead to premature failure of the brake system. For example, if a pressure line becomes damaged or begins to leak due to corrosion and/or wear, enough pressurized air may still be provided to operate the vehicle brake, however the relative low-pressure situation only partially disengages the vehicle brake such that during normal operation the brake is partially applied. This results in excessive wear on the brakes and excessive cycling (almost continuous running) of the source of pressurized air  106 . Also, the vehicle itself will have to burn excessive amounts of fuel to overcome the additional frictional force of the partially applied brakes (e.g. brake drag and potential wheel end fire or even trailer fire). All these result in substantially increased operating cost, both in early and unnecessary repair and replacement cost for worn parts and additional fuel costs, insurance cost if trailer fire due to lose of trailer and the trailer contents which are a substantial portion of the vehicle operating costs. 
     Accordingly, the air brake monitoring device  102  monitors the actual pressure of both the device service/control pressure line  116 , which corresponds to the pressure in the service/control pressure line  108 ′; and the device emergency/supply pressure line  118 , which corresponds to the pressure in the emergency/supply pressure line  110 ′. Air brake monitoring device  102  is provided with a pressure set point against which the actual measured pressures may be compared by a processor  120  ( FIG. 4 ). It is contemplated that if the actual measured pressure differs from the set point, an alarm(s), in-cab trailer warning lamp  154 , an output  149 , which may comprise for instance, a GPS/wireless transmitter and/or receiver. In still another embodiment, it is contemplated that a range of pressures may be acceptable such that an alarm will only be generated if the measured pressure exceeds a threshold value corresponding to a maximum allowable deviation. The threshold value may be selected and varied as desired. 
     Also provided in  FIGS. 2A and 2B  is power line carrier  122 , which is connectable to air brake monitoring device  102 . It is contemplated that power line carrier  122  may comprise any typical ABS power connection. Air brake monitoring device  102  may further monitor stoplight power (voltage) provided on stoplight power  133  and compare that measured value to the service/control pressure. If the actual measured value differs from or exceeds a maximum allowable deviation, an alarm(s), in-cab trailer warning lamp  154 , an output  149 , which may comprise for instance, a GPS/wireless transmitter and/or receiver. Air brake monitoring device  102  is further coupled to brake valve  104  via a line and/or a device power line (which includes stoplight power  133 ) to provide electrical power and control to and receive data and/or information from brake valve  104 . 
     In another advantageous embodiment a method for monitoring an air brake system is provided comprising the steps of monitoring the individual wheel speeds or wheel rotations on the power line. The method also includes controlling in-cab lamp trailer ABS lamp, the trailer mounted ABS lamp and alarm as well as GPS or other wireless means based on the static or dynamic condition of the vehicle. Finally, the method includes the steps of measuring the vehicle dynamics in conjunction with a pressure of the service/control pressure line, comparing the measured pressure to a pressure set point, and generating a service/control indication when the measured pressure exceeds a threshold value corresponding to a deviation from the pressure set point. 
     In another advantageous embodiment a method for monitoring an air brake system is provided comprising the steps of monitoring the individual wheel speeds or wheel rotations on the power line. The method also includes controlling in-cab lamp trailer ABS lamp, the trailer mounted ABS lamp and alarm as well as GPS or other wireless means based on the static or dynamic condition of the vehicle. 
     The method may also include the steps of measuring the vehicle dynamics in conjunction with a pressure of the emergency/supply pressure line, comparing the measured pressure to a pressure set point, and generating an emergency/supply indication when the measured pressure exceeds a threshold value corresponding to a deviation from the pressure set point. Various other parameters may be monitored including, for example but not limited to: tire pressure, tire inflation, tire temperature, brake temperature, brake stroke, the door switch, suspension pressure, tail fin deployment, power spring connection, steer axle lock, reverse detection, low reservoir, anti dock walk, lift axle and suspension dump. Any or all of this various parameters may be input to monitoring system  102  by means of Input  1  ( 123 ) and Input  2  ( 125 ). 
     Integrated within ABS 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 3A and 3B .  FIGS. 3A and 3B  depict an air brake monitoring system  101  that generally comprises and an integrated brake valve  105  that integrates the ABS Electronic Control Unit, brake valve  104  with the air brake monitoring system  102 . 
     Also provided is a source of pressurized air  106 , which may be positioned on the tractor portion of a tractor-trailer arrangement. The source of pressurized air  106  is coupled to integrated brake valve  105  via service/control pressure line  108  and an emergency/supply pressure line  110 . Pressure line couplings  112  and  113  as is known in the art, are illustrated that couple the service/control pressure line  108  and emergency/supply pressure line  110  located on the tractor portion with the service/control pressure line  108 ′ and the emergency/supply pressure line  110 ′ located on the trailer portion. 
     The integrated brake valve  105  is positioned in the vicinity of the brake actuator ( 114 ) and is coupled to the service/control pressure line  116  and a device emergency/supply pressure line  118 . 
     In this particular embodiment of the present invention, two pressure lines are used to provide pressurized air to integrated brake valve  105 . In the event that one of the pressure lines ( 116 ,  118 ) become damaged, such as for example, becoming severed or damages to the extent that an insufficient quantity of pressurized air cannot be transmitted to brake valve  105  for operation of the vehicle brake (not shown), a redundant pressure line is provided such that the vehicle may continue to operate as is known in the art. A problem with known systems is that they may become damaged but are still able to provide enough pressurized air to allow functioning of the vehicle brake system, however, there is no indication to the user/driver that the system is not functioning properly. This can lead to premature failure of the brake system. For example, if a pressure line becomes damaged or begins to leak due to corrosion and/or wear, enough pressurized air may still be provided to operate the vehicle brake, however the relative low-pressure situation only partially disengages the vehicle brake such that during normal operation the brake is partially applied. This results in excessive wear on the brakes and excessive cycling (almost continuous running) of the source of pressurized air  106 . Also, the vehicle itself will have to burn excessive amounts of fuel to overcome the additional frictional force of the partially applied brakes (e.g. brake drag and potential wheel end fire or even trailer fire). All these result in substantially increased operating cost, both in early and unnecessary repair and replacement cost for worn parts and additional fuel costs, insurance cost if trailer fire due to lose of trailer and the trailer contents which are a substantial portion of the vehicle operating costs. 
     Accordingly, the integrated brake valve  105  monitors the actual pressure of both the device service/control pressure line  116 , which corresponds to the pressure in the service/control pressure line  108 ′; and the device emergency/supply pressure line  118 , which corresponds to the pressure in the emergency/supply pressure line  110 ′. Air brake monitoring device  102  is provided with a pressure set point against which the actual measured pressures may be compared by a processor  120  ( FIG. 4 ). It is contemplated that if the actual measured pressure differs from the set point, an alarm(s), in-cab trailer warning lamp  154 , output  149  and/or GPS/wireless transmitter and/or receiver  152  messages may be generated. In still another embodiment, it is contemplated that a range of pressures may be acceptable such that an alarm will only be generated if the measured pressure exceeds a threshold value corresponding to a maximum allowable deviation. The threshold value may be selected and varied as desired. 
     Also provided in  FIGS. 3A and 3B  is power line carrier  122 , which is connectable to the integrated brake valve  105 . It is contemplated that power line carrier  122  may comprise any typical ABS power connection. The integrated brake valve  105  may further monitor an actual power level (voltage) provided on power line carrier  122  and compare that measured value to a set point. The integrated brake valve  105  may further monitor stoplight power (voltage) provided on stoplight power  133  and compare that measured value to the service/control pressure. If the actual measured value differs from or exceeds a maximum allowable deviation, an alarm(s), in-cab trailer warning lamp  154 , output  149  and/or GPS/wireless transmitter and/or receiver  152  messages may be generated. The integrated brake vale  105  is further coupled to a device power line  122  to provide electrical power and control to and receive data and/or information from power line carrier  122 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 4A , various alarms are illustrated that may be generated and transmitted to various systems, both in-cab warnings  126  and other system warnings  128  based on input configurations on  186 . For example, in the event that a low-pressure situation is detected (e.g. a known pressure range may allow a brake system to still function but will be known to cause brake drag) within a range of pressures, a brake drag warning  130  would be generated. It is contemplated that a brake drag warning  130  may be transmitted to a user/driver in the cab of the tractor-trailer or may also be transmitted to a central monitoring station. The indication may be a hard-wired data connection, a wireless transmission or a power line connection for transmitting the data. 
     Additionally, the pressure in the service/control pressure line  108 , 108 ′ and the pressure in the emergency/supply pressure line  110 ,  110 ′ may individually be measured. This allows for both a service/control pressure warning  132  and an emergency/supply pressure warning  134  to be generated and transmitted to the user/driver and may be generated/transmitted as described above. 
     Also provided for are various additional warnings or alarms including, an incorrect connection warning  135 , a closed service/control valve warning  136 , a closed emergency/supply warning  137 , no stoplight power warning  138 , alarm  160 , an ABS in-cab warning lamp  131  as well as an output  149 , which may comprise a Trailer ABS Warning Lamp. As the brake system is serviced and/or repaired, it is possible to reconnect the various pressure lines incorrectly. By measuring the various pressures, air brake monitoring device  102  is able to determine if a pressure line(s) are incorrectly connected to the brake valve  104 . It is further contemplated that the position of the brake valve  104  may be measured and this data and/or information may be transmitted to a warning device  126  via a line and/or a device power line  122  such that a warning or alarm may be generated in the event the valve fails to actuate as designed. All of these indications may be generated/transmitted as described above. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 4B , additional parameters that may be monitored as inputs  127  and various indications may be generated include: tire pressure  170 , tire inflation  171 , tire temperature  172 , brake temperature  173 , brake stroke  174 , door (ajar)  175 , suspension pressure  176 , tail fin deployment  177 , power spring condition  178 , steer axle lock  179 , reverse detection  180 , low reservoir  181 , anti dock walk  182 , lift axle  183  and suspension dump  184 . The indication may be provided as an alarm, a warning lamp, a wireless message, a signal, or any combination thereof. 
     Failure of one or more tires on a tractor-trailer can be very dangerous. This is complicated by the fact that a tire may catastrophically fail with little or no warning or a tire may fail (e.g. on the trailer) and the operator does not become aware of the failure until much later. The tire pressure ( 170 ), tire inflation ( 171 ) and tire temperature ( 172 ) are all indications to the operator providing data relating to the status of the tires on the tractor-trailer allowing the operator to take quick action in the event of a failure. The information can also allow the operator to address any problems with the tires relatively early so as to avoid catastrophic failure on the road. The devices used to measure the above parameters may comprise any of the standard measurement devices. 
     The brake temperature ( 173 ) and brake stroke ( 174 ) are indications that provide warnings if the temperature of the brakes rises above a threshold level or if the measured stroke of the brake indicates excessive wear. The safe operation of the braking system in a tractor-trailer is critical. In the event that the braking system gets too hot, an indication may be generated so that the braking system can be inspected and/or serviced as necessary to ensure proper functionality. The brake stroke indication can be generated by a linear location measurement that can provide a service needed alert. 
     The door (ajar) ( 175 ) indication may comprise, for example, a switch that indicates whether the door on the trailer is fully closed or not. It is understood that the switch may be programmable as either a normally closed or normally open switch. 
     The suspension pressure ( 176 ) indication relates to a pressure measurement to ensure that the air pressure in the suspension system does not exceed a defined threshold. This threshold can be either a high limit or a low limit or both. The measurement device could comprise any of a transducer, a pressure switch or a sensor. 
     Tail fin deployment ( 177 ) may comprise and indication generated by a switch as described in connection with the door (ajar) ( 175 ) indication. This would alert the operator that the tail fin was in a deployed position so that it could be retracted properly prior to operating the vehicle. 
     With respect to the power spring condition ( 178 ) indication, fractures or catastrophic failure of the power spring due to, for example, corrosion or wearing of the device can be very dangerous. To avoid this, a measurement that indicates that the power spring may be damaged or wearing can be obtained by a linear location measurement or measuring a “home” location for the power spring. If the power spring begins to wear, the power spring will not return to the original or “home” location that it originally started from when installed. Alternatively, the measurement could comprise a continuity measurement. 
     The steer axle lock ( 179 ) is a function that locks the a steering axle once the vehicle reaches a certain speed. At relatively low speed, the steer axle functionality provides the operator of the vehicle with greater maneuverability; however, such functionality is not safe at higher speeds. Accordingly, the steering axle may automatically lock at a desired vehicle speed, which may be fully programmable. The indication provides the monitoring device with information that the lock has engaged. 
     The reverse detection ( 180 ) indication can be used to actuate various devices on the trailer such as, a back-up alarm (audible sound) or reverse lights, etc. The measurement device providing the indication may in one embodiment comprise a Hall Effect switch. 
     It is important to receive information relating to the pressure in the primary air reservoir that provides pressurized air to the suspension system and the air brake system. A low reservoir ( 181 ) indication may be generated by pressure measurement that may comprise any know type of pressure sensor or switch. 
     An anti dock walk ( 182 ) indication provides a warning to the operator that the anti dock walk system is engaged and must be disengaged prior to operation of the vehicle. 
     The lift axle ( 183 ) provides the operator with an indication that the lift axle should be in the down position. The axle in a tractor-trailer may set in either an up or down position, however, when the trailer is loaded the axle should be set in the down position. This indication will alert the operator to lower the axle if the weight of the trailer exceeds a threshold valve. This threshold may be completely programmable. 
     The suspension dump ( 184 ) provides an indication that the air in the suspension system has been rapidly exhausted from the air bags. Due to the fact that the axles of the tractor-trailer are relatively far apart (variable based on the length of the vehicle), when the vehicle makes a sharp turn the tires on the trailer axles have a tendancy to be dragged sideways rather that rolling forward. This dragging severely wears the tires leading to premature failure. However, if the air in the suspension system is dumped in one of the axles (e.g., the forward axle of the two rear axles on the trailer), this allows for less wearing of the tires. 
     All or some of the data may be transmitted as data to a central monitoring station where historical data may be accumulated for each vehicle. In this manner, trends may be followed and maintenance could be anticipated/scheduled according to the vehicles historical data prior to failure of device(s) and/or system(s). It is also contemplated that control for a backup alarm may be provided such that a backup indicated is generated and transmitted. In one embodiment, different transmission paths for the indication and backup indication may be used to ensure delivery of the indication. The system could utilize two wired transmission paths, or wireless transmission, or power line connection as desired to ensure reliable transmission. It is understood that the transmission method can be selected based on the application. 
     It is still further contemplated that the existing ABS alarms that may be transmitted from the brake valve (ABS brake valve), may effectively be transmitted to the cab via device power line  122  to air brake monitoring device  102  and through power line carrier  122 . 
     It is still further contemplated that the existing ABS information that may be transmitted from the brake valve (ABS brake valve), may effectively be transmitted by means of a wireless communication device  152 . Air brake monitoring device  102  and through power line carrier  122  on power line  122 . 
     It is still further contemplated that the existing ABS information that may be transmitted from the brake valve (ABS brake valve), may effectively be transmitted by means of a wireless communication device  152 . Air brake monitoring device  102  and through a Universal Serial Bus (USB) or Recommended Standard 232 (RS232) serial port to a wireless communication device. 
     Although the invention has been described with reference to a particular arrangement of parts, features and the like, these are not intended to exhaust all possible arrangements or features, and indeed many other modifications and variations will be ascertainable to those of skill in the art. 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , it can be seen that brake monitoring device  102  is mounted in the vicinity of brake valve  104  and is provided to retrofit with existing brake systems while requiring no additional wiring to extend between the tracker and trailer. For example, the monitoring alarms that may be generated and transmitted by the system utilized the existing power line carrier  122  extending between the tractor and trailer. The existing power line carrier  122  that is coupled to the existing brake valve  104  may simply be unplugged from brake valve  104  and plugged into air brake monitoring device  102 . The device power line  124  is then plugged into the brake valve  104 . Likewise, the device control and device emergency/supply pressure lines  116 ,  118  are simply coupled to the existing brake valve  104 . In this manner, the monitoring system may use existing wiring and pressure connections such that no new connections need be installed between the tractor and trailer combination. 
     A method is further provided for monitoring the individual wheel speeds or wheel rotations  135  which is available on the power line. The method also includes controlling in-cab lamp trailer ABS lamp, the trailer mounted ABS lamp and alarm as well as GPS or other wireless means based on the static or dynamic condition of the vehicle. Finally, the method includes the steps of measuring the vehicle dynamics in conjunction with a pressure of the service/control pressure line, comparing the measured pressure to a pressure set point, and generating a service/control indication when the measured pressure exceeds a threshold value corresponding to a deviation from the pressure set point. 
     Another method is provided for monitoring the individual wheel speeds or wheel rotations  135  which is available on the power line. The method also includes controlling in-cab lamp trailer ABS lamp, the trailer mounted ABS lamp and alarm as well as GPS or other wireless means based on the static or dynamic condition of the vehicle. Finally, the method includes the steps of measuring the vehicle dynamics in conjunction with a pressure of the emergency/supply pressure line, comparing the measured pressure to a pressure set point, and generating an emergency/supply indication when the measured pressure exceeds a threshold value corresponding to a deviation from the pressure set point. 
     Still another method is provided for monitoring the stoplight power  133 . The air brake system is provided comprising the steps of monitoring the stoplight power. The method also includes controlling in-cab lamp trailer ABS lamp, the trailer mounted ABS lamp and alarm as well as GPS or other wireless signals based on the presence of stoplight power in conjunction with a pressure of the service/control pressure line, comparing the measured pressure to a pressure set point, and generating a service/control indication when the measured pressure exceeds a threshold value corresponding to a deviation from the pressure set point. 
     It should be noted that, while various functions and methods have been described and presented in a sequence of steps, the sequence has been provided merely as an illustration of one advantageous embodiment, and that it is not necessary to perform these functions in the specific order illustrated. It is further contemplated that any of these steps may be moved and/or combined relative to any of the other steps. In addition, it is still further contemplated that it may be advantageous, depending upon the application, to utilize all or any portion of the functions described herein. 
     It is understood that any or all of the indications and/or alarms generated by the system may be provided to the cab of the vehicle and may also be transmitted to a central monitoring station, whether immediately or at a later time when the vehicle arrives at a specified location. For example, data may be stored locally and automatically be transmitted or read at a later time. 
     Although the invention has been described with reference to a particular arrangement of parts, features and the like, these are not intended to exhaust all possible arrangements or features, and indeed many other modifications and variations will be ascertainable to those of skill in the art.