Patent Publication Number: US-11030709-B2

Title: Method and system for automatically creating and assigning assembly labor activities (ALAs) to a bill of materials (BOM)

Description:
CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a Continuation-In-Part (CIP) of U.S. utility patent application Ser. No. 16/173,630, filed on Oct. 29, 2018, the contents of which are incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF INVENTION 
     This application relates to bills of materials for the construction industry. More specifically, it relates to a method and system for automatically creating and assigning assembly labor activities (ALAs) to a bill of materials (BOM). 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Building information modeling (BIM) is a process involving the generation and management of digital representations of physical and functional characteristics of physical entities such as buildings, infrastructure components, etc. Building information models (BIMs) are digital files which can be created, extracted, exchanged or networked to support decision-making regarding a building or other physical asset. Current BIM software is used by individuals, businesses and government agencies who plan, design, construct, operate and maintain diverse physical infrastructures, such as water, refuse, electricity, gas, communication utilities, roads, bridges, ports, tunnels, buildings, homes, etc. 
     A Bill of Materials (BOM) is a list of materials required by a contractor to complete a contract, or by a supplier or vendor to complete an order. A Bill of Materials typically includes list of all raw materials, parts, intermediates, subassemblies, etc., (with their quantities and description) required to construct, overhaul, or repair something. 
     Typically, a Bill of Materials is created with a manual process after a contractor or subcontractor receives a set of drawings, either digital or hard copy, then manually counts the quantities for each material type assisted by either a digitizer or set of colored pencils to help keep track along the way. 
     There are several problems associated with manually creating a Bill of Materials. One problem is that according to a study by McKinsey Global Institute in 2017, since the late 1980s, digital technology has improved most business operations. However, the construction industry has not yet readily adopted digitalization, and remains the second lowest industry on the McKinsey Global Institute industry digitalization index. This results in higher costs, missed deadlines, waste and other problems. 
     Another problem is that the typical method for estimating quantities and producing a Bill of Materials is inconvenient in that counts and measurements must be made manually (even with the assistance of a digitizer which requires the selection of a start and/or end point) and thus requires a significant amount of time even though the materials were already carefully drawn by an architect or engineer. Another problem is that no Bill of Materials are created down to an individual piece level (e.g., stud, pipe, duct, etc.). Another problem is that there is current no standard for what a Bill of Materials should include or look like. 
     Another problem is that architects and engineers are not being compensated to draw at a piece level. Even if they did, it would be a digital dead end without an application to utilize that data and the benefits would be limited. 
     Another problem is that, the methods used to create Bills of Materials known in the art have the weakness of manual error, resulting in the subcontractor who has missed quantities on the drawings winning the bid for the work. Another problem is applying human judgement on items such as waste factors for a Bills of Materials where there are no standards to follow. 
     Another problem is that if a subcontractor or material supplier has manually calculated quantities for a bid and only receives a moderate percentage of that work, their time has been wasted on the bidding process. 
     Good project management in construction must vigorously pursue efficient utilization of labor, material and equipment. Improvement of labor productivity is a major and continual concern of those who are responsible for cost control of constructed facilities. Construction material handling, which includes procurement, inventory, shop fabrication, installation, field servicing, requires special attention for cost reduction. 
     One aspect of good project management is assigning Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs) in an appropriate manner. There are also many problems associated with assigning ALAs. One problem is that methods known in the art for determining an amount of labor that is needed to install materials for a building product are inconvenient because they are based upon architect and other management level experience and knowledge, typically not available at a building trade level. 
     Another problem is that a construction schedule is manually and separately created for each project estimating the quantities and productivity required for labor and is subject to human error and judgement. 
     Another problem is that creating a cost estimate is inconvenient because it requires a manual collection of all items and quantities of all items required to build a physical structure by a contractor and also a gathering of material and labor cost information from subcontractors and suppliers. 
     Another problem is that updating a construction schedule is inconvenient since it relies upon manual collection of data from a construction site which needs to be manually input into a construction schedule to indicate progress. This process is time consuming and therefore is often not completed. If it is completed, typically it is not on a daily basis and may only be completed after a construction project is finished. 
     Another problem is that a work force (i.e. trades performing work in the field) does not have the ability to view and update a construction schedule on a daily basis. 
     Another problem is that detailed construction schedule data and causes for potential construction schedule impacts are not being captured. Since construction schedule data is not being captured, the root cause of the schedule impact cannot be addressed when it occurs. 
     Another problem is that construction schedule variances are not being identified on a per task basis. Therefore, an exception reporting approach, which is standard operating procedure for manufacturing environments, cannot be applied to the construction process. 
     Another problem is that labor productivity data is not being captured and there is no industry defined standard. Many contractors and builders view this task as the subcontractor&#39;s responsibility. Detailed labor tracking, coordinated with the overall project schedule, is consuming and expensive for the subcontractor and therefore it is not being completed. 
     Another problem is that supervisors for builders, subcontractors, suppliers, inspectors and others are not provided with performance statistics and trends in order to optimize their work. 
     Another problem is that there are no quantitative ratings or statistics for a supervisor&#39;s performance during a building project Nor is this information linked to a profile associated with the supervisor at an individual level similar to how social media sites (e.g., LINKEDIN, etc.) currently captures an individual&#39;s work history. Since construction supervisor profiles are not created and do not exist on a per project basis, an individual&#39;s work history and performance ratings cannot follow them from to another employer when the construction supervisor switches jobs. 
     Another problem is that a construction work force is not systematically informed about predecessor activities that will impact their work (e.g., bad weather, failure of another subcontractor to complete a required job, failure of a delivery of necessary materials, failure of obtaining necessary permits, etc.). As a result, the construction work force can arrive to the job site when it is not ready for their work, therefore wasting time. 
     Thus, it is desirable to solve some of the problems associated with automatically assigning Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs) for a Bills of Materials (BOM). 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention, some of the problems associated with assigning Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs) to a Bill of Materials (BOM) are overcome. A method and system for automatically creating and assigning Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs) to a Bill of Materials (BOM) is presented. 
     ALA templates are used to automatically populate ALAs associated with a particular BIM or set of BOM Items including labor activities, and other construction related activities, required to build a desired physical structure (e.g., building, etc.). A Critical Path Method (CPM)—Work Time Schedule (WTS) is automatically created from the selected ALA templates for the BOM. The CPM-WTS for building the desired physical structure is created by automatically calculating labor costs and labor productivity using crew size information from the BOM and CPM-WTS are used to automatically create a Cost Estimate. An interactive messaging system is used with the SaaS service to send mobile messages for scheduled ALAs, requesting productivity information each day for each scheduled ALA and showing productivity trends for contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, inspectors or other parties associated with one or more of the ALA activities in the CPM-WTS. Plural ALA profiles are created by the SaaS service for the contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, inspectors or other parties including work history and performance data. The plural profiles are made available to other parties by SaaS service. 
     The foregoing and other features and advantages of preferred embodiments of the present invention will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description. The detailed description proceeds with references to the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the following drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary electronic building information processing system; 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary electronic building information processing system display; 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary networking protocol stack; 
         FIG. 4  is block diagram illustrating an exemplary cloud communications network; 
         FIG. 5  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary cloud storage object; 
         FIG. 6  is a block diagram with illustrating wearable devices; 
         FIG. 7  is a block diagram illustrating a data flow for automatic real-time creation of a Bill of Materials; 
         FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C and 8D  are a flow diagram illustrating a method for automatic real-time creation of a Bill of Materials; 
         FIG. 9  is a flow diagram illustrating a method for automatic real-time creation of a Bill of Materials; 
         FIG. 10  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary Bill of Materials standard report; 
         FIGS. 11A, 11B and 110  are a flow diagram illustrating a method for automatically creating and assigning Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs) to a Bill of Materials (BOM); 
         FIGS. 12A and 12B  are a flow diagram illustrating a method for automatically creating Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs); 
         FIG. 13  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs) template items; 
         FIG. 14  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs) items; 
         FIG. 15  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary graphical Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs) including a Critical Path Method (CPM)—Work Time Schedule (WTS) and Cost Estimate report; 
         FIG. 16  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary Critical Path Method (CPM)—Work Time Schedule (WTS); 
         FIG. 17  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary electronic messages sent by the interactive messaging system for Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs) items; 
         FIGS. 18A and 18B  a flow diagram illustrating a method for automatically creating Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs); 
         FIG. 19  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary electronic messages sent by the interactive messaging system for Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs) items; 
         FIG. 20  is a flow diagram illustrating a method for automatically creating Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs); 
         FIG. 21  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary electronic messages sent by the interactive messaging system for Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs) items; 
         FIG. 22  is a flow diagram illustrating a method for automatically creating Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs); 
         FIG. 23  is a block diagram illustrating exemplary electronic profile created for parties responsible for Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs) items; and 
         FIGS. 24A and 24B  are a flow diagram illustrating a method for automatically creating Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs). 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Exemplary Bill of Materials and Assembly Labor Activities Creation System 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary electronic bill of materials and assembly labor activities creation system  10 . The exemplary electronic system  10  includes, but is not limited to, one or more target network devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  (only three of which are illustrated) each with one or more processors and each with a non-transitory computer readable medium. 
     The one or more target network devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  include, but are not limited to, multimedia capable desktop and laptop computers, tablet computers, mobile phones, non-mobile phones with and/or without displays, smart phones, Internet phones, Internet appliances, personal digital/data assistants (PDA), digital cameras, portable game consoles (Play Station Portable by Sony, Game Boy by Sony, Nintendo DSI, etc.), non-portable game consoles (Xbox by Microsoft, Play Station by Sony, Wii by Nintendo, etc.), cable television (CATV), satellite television (SATV) and Internet television set-top boxes, digital televisions including high definition television (HDTV), three-dimensional (3DTV) televisions, wearable devices and other types of network devices. 
     The one or more target network devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  include smart phones such as the iPhone by Apple, Inc., Blackberry Storm and other Blackberry models by Research In Motion, Inc. (RIM), Droid by Motorola, Inc. HTC, Inc. other types of smart phones, etc. However, the present invention is not limited to such smart phone devices, and more, fewer or other devices can be used to practice the invention. 
     A “smart phone” is a mobile phone that offers more advanced computing ability and connectivity than a contemporary basic feature phone. Smart phones and feature phones may be thought of as handheld computers integrated with a mobile telephone, but while most feature phones are able to run applications based on platforms such as Java ME, a smart phone usually allows the user to install and run more advanced applications. Smart phones and/or tablet computers run complete operating system software providing a platform for application developers. 
     The operating systems include the iPhone OS, Android, Windows, etc. iPhone OS is a proprietary operating system for the Apple iPhone. Android is an open source operating system platform backed by Google, along with major hardware and software developers (such as Intel, HTC, ARM, Motorola and Samsung, etc.), that form the Open Handset Alliance. 
     The one or more target network devices  12 ,  14 ,  16 , also include tablet computers such as the iPad, by Apple, Inc., the HP Tablet, by Hewlett Packard, Inc., the Playbook, by RIM, Inc., the Tablet, by Sony, Inc. 
     The target network devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  are in communications with a cloud communications network  18  and/or a non-cloud computing network  18 ′ via one or more wired and/or wireless communications interfaces. The cloud communications network  18 , is also called a “cloud computing network” herein and the terms may be used interchangeably. 
     The target network devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  creates and/or requests desired electronic content such as 3D models, 3D BIM drawings  13 ,  15 , Bill of Materials  23 , etc. and data for specific 3D modeling programs stored on the cloud communications network  18  or non-cloud communications network  18 ′. 
     In one embodiment, the BIM electronic drawing  13 ,  15  is created in a 3D BIM modeling program  19  for a desired physical structure  21 , the BIM electronic drawing  13 ,  15  created using a Bill of Materials application  30  on the 3D BIM modeling program  19  including a set of Bill of Material guidelines used to automatically create a Bill of Materials  23  including a report  146  produced in a standard and repeatable format and including a plural digital representations plural physical components used to build a desired physical structure  21  at an individual piece level (e.g., stud, board, pipe, duct, etc.). However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment and other embodiments can be used to practice the invention. 
     The cloud communications network  18  and non-cloud communications network  18 ′ includes, but is not limited to, communications over a wire connected to the target network devices, wireless communications, and other types of communications using one or more communications and/or networking protocols. 
     Plural server network devices  20 ,  22 ,  24 ,  26  (only four of which are illustrated) each with one or more processors and a non-transitory computer readable medium include one or more associated databases  20 ′,  22 ′,  24 ′,  26 ′. The plural network devices  20 ,  22 ,  24 ,  26  are in communications with the one or more target devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  via the cloud communications network  18  and non-cloud communications network  18 ′. 
     Plural server network devices  20 ,  22 ,  24 ,  26  (only four of which are illustrated) are physically located on one more public networks  76  (See  FIG. 4 ), private networks  72 , community networks  74  and/or hybrid networks  78  comprising the cloud network  18 . 
     One or more server network devices (e.g.,  20 , etc.) securely stores one or more cloud content location maps  17  and other plural server network devices (e.g.,  22 ,  24 ,  26 , etc.) store portions  13 ′,  15 ′ of desired electronic content  13 , 13 ′  15 , 15 ′ as cloud storage objects  82  ( FIG. 5 ) as is described herein. 
     The plural server network devices  20 ,  22 ,  24   26 , include, but are not limited to, World Wide Web servers, Internet servers, search engine servers, vertical search engine servers, social networking site servers, file servers, other types of electronic information servers, and other types of server network devices (e.g., edge servers, firewalls, routers, gateways, etc.). 
     The plural server network devices  20 ,  22 ,  24 ,  26  also include, but are not limited to, network servers used for cloud computing providers, etc. 
     The cloud communications network  18  and non-cloud communications network  18 ′ includes, but is not limited to, a wired and/or wireless communications network comprising one or more portions of: the Internet, an intranet, a Local Area Network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WiLAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) and other types of wired and/or wireless communications networks  18 . 
     The cloud communications network  18  and non-cloud communications network  18 ′ includes one or more gateways, routers, bridges and/or switches. A gateway connects computer networks using different network protocols and/or operating at different transmission capacities. A router receives transmitted messages and forwards them to their correct destinations over the most efficient available route. A bridge is a device that connects networks using the same communications protocols so that information can be passed from one network device to another. A switch is a device that filters and forwards packets between network segments based on some pre-determined sequence (e.g., timing, sequence number, etc.). 
     An operating environment for the network devices of the exemplary electronic information display system  10  include a processing system with one or more high speed Central Processing Unit(s) (CPU), processors, one or more memories and/or other types of non-transitory computer readable mediums. In accordance with the practices of persons skilled in the art of computer programming, the present invention is described below with reference to acts and symbolic representations of operations or instructions that are performed by the processing system, unless indicated otherwise. Such acts and operations or instructions are referred to as being “computer-executed,” “CPU-executed,” or “processor-executed.” 
     It will be appreciated that acts and symbolically represented operations or instructions include the manipulation of electrical information by the CPU or processor. An electrical system represents data bits which cause a resulting transformation or reduction of the electrical information or biological information, and the maintenance of data bits at memory locations in a memory system to thereby reconfigure or otherwise alter the CPU&#39;s or processor&#39;s operation, as well as other processing of information. The memory locations where data bits are maintained are physical locations that have particular electrical, magnetic, optical, or organic properties corresponding to the data bits. 
     The data bits may also be maintained on a non-transitory computer readable medium including magnetic disks, optical disks, organic memory, and any other volatile (e.g., Random Access Memory (RAM)) or non-volatile (e.g., Read-Only Memory (ROM), flash memory, etc.) mass storage system readable by the CPU. The non-transitory computer readable medium includes cooperating or interconnected computer readable medium, which exist exclusively on the processing system or can be distributed among multiple interconnected processing systems that may be local or remote to the processing system. 
     Exemplary Electronic Bill of Materials and Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs) Display System 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary electronic building information display system  28 . The exemplary display system  28  includes, but is not limited to a target network device (e.g.,  12 , etc.) with an application  30  and a display component  32 . The application  30  presents a graphical user interface (GUI)  34  on the display  32  component. The GUI  32  presents a multi-window  36 ,  38 , etc. (only two of which are illustrated) interface to a user. 
     In one embodiment of the invention, the application  30  is a software application. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment and the application  30  can be hardware, firmware, hardware and/or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the application  30  is a mobile application for a smart phone, electronic tablet or other mobile network device. In another embodiment, the application  30 ,  30 ′ is cloud application used on a cloud communications network  18 . However, the present invention is not limited these embodiments and other embodiments can be used to practice the invention 
     In another embodiment, a portion of the application  30  is executing on the target network devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  and another portion of the application  30 ′ is executing on the server network devices  20 ,  22 ,  24 ,  26 . The applications also include one or more library applications. However, the present invention is not limited these embodiments and other embodiments can be used to practice the invention. 
     Exemplary Networking Protocol Stack 
       FIG. 3  a block diagram illustrating a layered protocol stack  38  for network devices in the electronic information display system  10 . The layered protocol stack  38  is described with respect to Internet Protocol (IP) suites comprising in general from lowest-to-highest, a link  42 , network  44 , transport  48  and application  57  layers. However, more or fewer layers could also be used, and different layer designations could also be used for the layers in the protocol stack  38  (e.g., layering based on the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model including from lowest-to-highest, a physical, data-link, network, transport, session, presentation and application layer.). 
     The network devices  12 ,  14 ,  16 ,  20 ,  22 ,  24 ,  26  are connected to the communication network  18  with Network Interface Card (NIC) cards including device drivers  40  in a link layer  42  for the actual hardware connecting the network devices  12 ,  14 ,  16 ,  20 ,  22 ,  24 ,  26  to the cloud communications network  18 . For example, the NIC device drivers  40  may include a serial port device driver, a digital subscriber line (DSL) device driver, an Ethernet device driver, a wireless device driver, a wired device driver, etc. The device drivers interface with the actual hardware being used to connect the network devices to the cloud communications network  18 . The NIC cards have a medium access control (MAC) address that is unique to each NIC and unique across the whole cloud network  18 . The Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is used to provide a data link layer of an Ethernet LAN system and for other network systems. 
     Above the link layer  42  is a network layer  44  (also called the Internet Layer for Internet Protocol (IP) suites). The network layer  44  includes, but is not limited to, an IP layer  46 . 
     IP  46  is an addressing protocol designed to route traffic within a network or between networks. However, more fewer or other protocols can also be used in the network layer  44 , and the present invention is not limited to IP  46 . For more information on IP  46  see IETF RFC-791, incorporated herein by reference. 
     Above network layer  44  is a transport layer  48 . The transport layer  48  includes, but is not limited to, an optional Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) layer  50 , a Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) layer  52 , a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) layer  52  and a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) layer  54 . However, more, fewer or other protocols could also be used in the transport layer  48 . 
     Optional IGMP layer  50 , hereinafter IGMP  50 , is responsible for multicasting. For more information on IGMP  50  see RFC-1112, incorporated herein by reference. ICMP layer  52 , hereinafter ICMP  52  is used for IP  46  control. The main functions of ICMP  52  include error reporting, reachability testing (e.g., pinging, etc.), route-change notification, performance, subnet addressing and other maintenance. For more information on ICMP  52  see RFC-792, incorporated herein by reference. Both IGMP  50  and ICMP  52  are not required in the protocol stack  38 . ICMP  52  can be used alone without optional IGMP layer  50 . 
     TCP layer  54 , hereinafter TCP  54 , provides a connection-oriented, end-to-end reliable protocol designed to fit into a layered hierarchy of protocols which support multi-network applications. TCP  54  provides for reliable inter-process communication between pairs of processes in network devices attached to distinct but interconnected networks. For more information on TCP  54  see RFC-793, incorporated herein by reference. 
     UDP layer  56 , hereinafter UDP  56 , provides a connectionless mode of communications with datagrams in an interconnected set of computer networks. UDP  54  provides a transaction oriented datagram protocol, where delivery and duplicate packet protection are not guaranteed. For more information on UDP  56  see RFC-768, incorporated herein by reference. Both TCP  54  and UDP  56  are not required in protocol stack  38 . Either TCP  54  or UDP  56  can be used without the other. 
     Above transport layer  48  is an application layer  57  where application programs  58  (e.g.,  30 ,  30 ′, etc.) to carry out desired functionality for a network device reside. For example, the application programs  58  for the client network devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  may include web-browsers or other application programs, application program  30 , while application programs for the server network devices  20 ,  22 ,  24 ,  26  may include other application programs (e.g.,  30 ′, etc.). 
     However, the protocol stack  38  is not limited to the protocol layers illustrated and more, fewer or other layers and protocols can also be used in protocol stack  38 . In addition, other protocols from the Internet Protocol suites (e.g., Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, (SMTP), Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), DNS, etc.) and/or other protocols from other protocol suites may also be used in protocol stack  38 . 
     In addition, markup languages such as HyperText Markup Language (HTML), EXtensible Markup Language (XML) and others are used. 
     HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a markup language for creating web pages and other information that can be displayed in a web browser. 
     HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets within the web page content. HTML tags most commonly come in pairs although some tags represent empty elements and so are unpaired. The first tag in a pair is the start tag, and the second tag is the end tag (they are also called opening tags and closing tags). In between these tags web designers can add text, further tags, comments and other types of text-based content. 
     The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into visible or audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page. 
     HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images and objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts written in languages such as JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML web pages. 
     EXtensible Markup Language (XML) is another markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. It is defined in the XML 1.0 Specification produced by the W3C, the contents of which are incorporated by reference and several other related specifications, all free open standards. 
     XML a textual data format with strong support via Unicode for the languages of the world. Although the design of XML focuses on documents, it is widely used for the representation of arbitrary data structures, for example in web services. The oldest schema language for XML is the Document Type Definition (DTD). DTDs within XML documents define entities, which are arbitrary fragments of text and/or markup tags that the XML processor inserts in the DTD itself and in the XML document wherever they are referenced, like character escapes. 
     Preferred embodiments of the present invention include network devices and wired and wireless interfaces that are compliant with all or part of standards proposed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU), European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), U.S. National Institute of Security Technology (NIST), American National Standard Institute (ANSI), Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) Forum, Bluetooth Forum, or the ADSL Forum. 
     Wireless Interfaces 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, the wireless interfaces on network devices  12 ,  14 ,  16 ,  20 ,  22 ,  24 ,  26  include but are not limited to, 3G and/or 4G IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.15.4 (ZigBee), “Wireless Fidelity” (Wi-Fi), “Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access” (WiMAX), ETSI High Performance Radio Metropolitan Area Network (HIPERMAN) or “RF Home” wireless interfaces. In another embodiment of the present invention, the wireless sensor device may include an integral or separate Bluetooth and/or infra data association (IrDA) module for wireless Bluetooth or wireless infrared communications. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment and other 802.11xx and other types of wireless interfaces can also be used. 
     802.11b is a short-range wireless network standard. The IEEE 802.11b standard defines wireless interfaces that provide up to 11 Mbps wireless data transmission to and from wireless devices over short ranges. 802.11a is an extension of the 802.11b and can deliver speeds up to 54 M bps. 802.11g deliver speeds on par with 802.11a. However, other 802.11XX interfaces can also be used and the present invention is not limited to the 802.11 protocols defined. The IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g standards are incorporated herein by reference. 
     Wi-Fi is a type of 802.11xx interface, whether 802.11b, 802.11a, dual-band, etc. Wi-Fi devices include an RF interfaces such as 2.4 GHz for 802.11b or 802.11g and 5 GHz for 802.11a. 
     802.15.4 (Zigbee) is low data rate network standard used for mesh network devices such as sensors, interactive toys, smart badges, remote controls, and home automation. The 802.15.4 standard provides data rates of 250 kbps, 40 kbps, and 20 kbps, two addressing modes; 16-bit short and 64-bit IEEE addressing, support for critical latency devices, such as joysticks, Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance, (CSMA-CA) channel access, automatic network establishment by a coordinator, a full handshake protocol for transfer reliability, power management to ensure low power consumption for multi-month to multi-year battery usage and up to 16 channels in the 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band (Worldwide), 10 channels in the 915 MHz (US) and one channel in the 868 MHz band (Europe). The IEEE 802.15.4-2003 standard is incorporated herein by reference. 
     WiMAX is an industry trade organization formed by leading communications component and equipment companies to promote and certify compatibility and interoperability of broadband wireless access equipment that conforms to the IEEE 802.16XX and ETSI HIPERMAN. HIPERMAN is the European standard for metropolitan area networks (MAN). 
     The IEEE 802.16a and 802.16g standards are wireless MAN technology standard that provides a wireless alternative to cable, DSL and T1/E1 for last mile broadband access. It is also used as complimentary technology to connect IEEE 802.11XX hot spots to the Internet. 
     The IEEE 802.16a standard for 2-11 GHz is a wireless MAN technology that provides broadband wireless connectivity to fixed, portable and nomadic devices. It provides up to 50-kilometers of service area range, allows users to get broadband connectivity without needing direct line of sight with the base station, and provides total data rates of up to 280 Mbps per base station, which is enough bandwidth to simultaneously support hundreds of businesses with T1/E1-type connectivity and thousands of homes with DSL-type connectivity with a single base station. The IEEE 802.16g provides up to 100 Mbps. 
     The IEEE 802.16e standard is an extension to the approved IEEE 802.16/16a/16g standard. The purpose of 802.16e is to add limited mobility to the current standard which is designed for fixed operation. 
     The ESTI HIPERMAN standard is an interoperable broadband fixed wireless access standard for systems operating at radio frequencies between 2 GHz and 11 GHz. 
     The IEEE 802.16a, 802.16e and 802.16g standards are incorporated herein by reference. WiMAX can be used to provide a WLP. 
     The ETSI HIPERMAN standards TR 101 031, TR 101 475, TR 101 493-1 through TR 101 493-3, TR 101 761-1 through TR 101 761-4, TR 101 762, TR 101 763-1 through TR 101 763-3 and TR 101 957 are incorporated herein by reference. ETSI HIPERMAN can be used to provide a WLP. 
     In one embodiment, the plural server network devices  20 ,  22 ,  24 ,  26  include a connection to plural network interface cards (NICs) in a backplane connected to a communications bus. The NIC cards provide gigabit/second (1×10 9  bits/second) communications speed of electronic information. This allows “scaling out” for fast electronic content retrieval. The NICs are connected to the plural server network devices  20 ,  22 ,  24 ,  26  and the cloud communications network  18 . However, the present invention is not limited to the NICs described and other types of NICs in other configurations and connections with and/or without buses can also be used to practice the invention. 
     In one embodiment of the invention, the WiMAX interface includes WiMAX 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) interfaces. The ITU announced in December 2010 that WiMAX and LTE are 4G technologies. One of the benefits of 4G LTE is the ability to take advantage of advanced topology networks including those on cloud communications networks  18  such as optimized heterogeneous networks with a mix of macrocells with low power nodes such as picocells, femtocells and new relay nodes. LTE further improves the capacity and coverage, and helps ensures user fairness. 4G LTE also introduces multicarrier technologies for ultra-wide bandwidth use, up to 100 MHz of spectrum supporting very high data rates. 
     In one embodiment, of the invention, the wireless interfaces also include wireless personal area network (WPAN) interfaces. As is known in the art, a WPAN is a personal area network for interconnecting devices centered around an individual person&#39;s devices in which the connections are wireless. A WPAN interconnects all the ordinary computing and communicating devices that a person has on their desk (e.g. computer, etc.) or carry with them (e.g., PDA, mobile phone, smart phone, table computer two-way pager, etc.) 
     A key concept in WPAN technology is known as “plugging in.” In the ideal scenario, when any two WPAN-equipped devices come into close proximity (within several meters and/or feet of each other) or within a few miles and/or kilometers of a central server (not illustrated), they can communicate via wireless communications as if connected by a cable. WPAN devices can also lock out other devices selectively, preventing needless interference or unauthorized access to secure information. Zigbee is one wireless protocol used on WPAN networks such as cloud communications network  18  or non-cloud communications network  18 ′. 
     The one or more target network devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  and one or more server network devices  20 ,  22 ,  24 ,  26  communicate with each other and other network devices with near field communications (NFC) and/or machine-to-machine (M2M) communications. 
     “Near field communication (NFC)” is a set of standards for smartphones and similar network devices to establish radio communication with each other by touching them together or bringing them into close proximity, usually no more than a few centimeters. Present applications include contactless transactions, data exchange, and simplified setup of more complex communications such as Wi-Fi. Communication is also possible between an NFC device and an unpowered NFC chip, called a “tag” including radio frequency identifier (RFID) tags and/or sensor. 
     NFC standards cover communications protocols and data exchange formats, and are based on existing radio-frequency identification (RFID) standards including ISO/IEC 14443 and FeliCa. These standards include ISO/IEC 1809 and those defined by the NFC Forum, all of which are incorporated by reference. 
     An “RFID tag” is an object that can be applied to or incorporated into a product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification and/or tracking using RF signals. 
     An “RFID sensor” is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into an RF signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument (e.g., target network devices  12 ,  14 ,  16 , server network devices  20 ,  22 ,  24 ,  26 , etc.) 
     “Machine to machine (M2M)” refers to technologies that allow both wireless and wired systems to communicate with other devices of the same ability. M2M uses a device to capture an event (such as option purchase, etc.), which is relayed through a network (wireless, wired cloud, etc.) to an application (software program), that translates the captured event into meaningful information. Such communication was originally accomplished by having a remote network of machines relay information back to a central hub for analysis, which would then be rerouted into a system like a personal computer. 
     However, modern M2M communication has expanded beyond a one-to-one connection and changed into a system of networks that transmits data many-to-one and many-to-many to plural different types of devices and appliances. The expansion of IP networks across the world has made it far easier for M2M communication to take place and has lessened the amount of power and time necessary for information to be communicated between machines. 
     However, the present invention is not limited to such wireless interfaces and wireless networks and more, fewer and/or other wireless interfaces can be used to practice the invention. 
     Wired Interfaces 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, the wired interfaces include wired interfaces and corresponding networking protocols for wired connections to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and/or a cable television network (CATV) and/or satellite television networks (SATV) and/or three-dimensional television (3DTV), including HDTV that connect the network devices  12 ,  14 ,  16 ,  20 ,  22 ,  24 ,  26  via one or more twisted pairs of copper wires, digital subscriber lines (e.g. DSL, ADSL, VDSL, etc.) coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, other connection media or other connection interfaces. The PSTN is any public switched telephone network provided by AT&amp;T, GTE, Sprint, MCI, SBC, Verizon and others. The CATV is any cable television network provided by the Comcast, Time Warner, etc. However, the present invention is not limited to such wired interfaces and more, fewer and/or other wired interfaces can be used to practice the invention. 
     Television Services 
     In one embodiment, the cloud applications  30 ,  30 ′ provide cloud electronic content storage and retrieval services from television services over the cloud communications network  18  or non-cloud communications network  18 ′. The television services include digital television services, including, but not limited to, cable television, satellite television, high-definition television, three-dimensional, televisions and other types of network devices. 
     However, the present invention is not limited to such television services and more, fewer and/or other television services can be used to practice the invention. 
     Internet Television Services 
     In one embodiment, the cloud applications  30 ,  30 ′ provide cloud electronic content storage and retrieval services from Internet television services over the cloud communications network  18  or non-cloud communications network  18 ′ The television services include Internet television, Web-TV, and/or Internet Protocol Television (IPtv) and/or other broadcast television services. 
     “Internet television” allows users to choose a program or the television show they want to watch from an archive of programs or from a channel directory. The two forms of viewing Internet television are streaming content directly to a media player or simply downloading a program to a viewer&#39;s set-top box, game console, computer, or other network device. 
     “Web-TV” delivers digital content via broadband and mobile networks. The digital content is streamed to a viewer&#39;s set-top box, game console, computer, or other network device. 
     “Internet Protocol television (IPtv)” is a system through which Internet television services are delivered using the architecture and networking methods of the Internet Protocol Suite over a packet-switched network infrastructure, e.g., the Internet and broadband Internet access networks, instead of being delivered through traditional radio frequency broadcast, satellite signal, and cable television formats. 
     However, the present invention is not limited to such Internet Television services and more, fewer and/or other Internet Television services can be used to practice the invention. 
     General Search Engine Services 
     In one embodiment, the cloud applications  30 ,  30 ′ provide cloud electronic content storage and retrieval services from general search engine services. A search engine is designed to search for information on a cloud communications network  18  or non-cloud communications network  18 ′ such as the Internet including World Wide Web servers, HTTP, FTP servers etc. The search results are generally presented in a list of electronic results. The information may consist of web pages, images, electronic information, multimedia information, and other types of files. Some search engines also mine data available in databases or open directories. Unlike web directories, which are maintained by human editors, search engines typically operate algorithmically and/or are a mixture of algorithmic and human input. 
     In one embodiment, the cloud applications  30 ,  30 ′ provide cloud electronic content storage and retrieval services from general search engine services. In another embodiment, the cloud applications  30 ,  30 ′ provide general search engine services by interacting with one or more other public search engines (e.g., GOOGLE, BING, YAHOO, etc.) and/or private search engine services. 
     In another embodiment, the cloud applications  30 ,  30 ′ provide electronic content storage and retrieval services from specialized search engine services, such as vertical search engine services by interacting with one or more other public vertical search engines (e.g., GALAXY.COM, etc.) and/or private search engine services. 
     However, the present invention is not limited to such general and/or vertical search engine services and more, fewer and/or other general search engine services can be used to practice the invention. 
     Social Networking Services 
     In one embodiment, the cloud applications  30 ,  30 ′ provide cloud electronic content storage and retrieval services from one more social networking services including to/from one or more social networking web-sites (e.g., FACEBOOK, YOUTUBE, TWITTER, SNAPCHAT, MATCH.COM, E-HARMONY, GROUP ON, SOCIAL LIVING, etc.). The social networking web-sites also include, but are not limited to, social couponing sites, dating web-sites, blogs, RSS feeds, and other types of information web-sites in which messages can be left or posted for a variety of social activities. 
     However, the present invention is not limited to the social networking services described and other public and private social networking services can also be used to practice the invention. 
     Security and Encryption 
     Network devices  12 ,  14 ,  16 ,  20 ,  22 ,  24 ,  26  with wired and/or wireless interfaces of the present invention include one or more of the security and encryptions techniques discussed herein for secure communications on the cloud communications network  18  or non-cloud communications network  18 ′. 
     Application programs  58  ( FIG. 2 ) include security and/or encryption application programs integral to and/or separate from the applications  30 ,  30 ′ Security and/or encryption programs may also exist in hardware components on the network devices ( 12 ,  14 ,  16 ,  20 ,  22 ,  24 ,  26 ) described herein and/or exist in a combination of hardware, software and/or firmware. 
     Wireless Encryption Protocol (WEP) (also called “Wired Equivalent Privacy) is a security protocol for WiLANs defined in the IEEE 802.11b standard. WEP is cryptographic privacy algorithm, based on the Rivest Cipher 4 (RC4) encryption engine, used to provide confidentiality for 802.11b wireless data. 
     RC4 is cipher designed by RSA Data Security, Inc. of Bedford, Mass., which can accept encryption keys of arbitrary length, and is essentially a pseudo random number generator with an output of the generator being XORed with a data stream to produce encrypted data. 
     One problem with WEP is that it is used at the two lowest layers of the OSI model, the physical layer and the data link layer, therefore, it does not offer end-to-end security. One another problem with WEP is that its encryption keys are static rather than dynamic. To update WEP encryption keys, an individual has to manually update a WEP key. WEP also typically uses 40-bit static keys for encryption and thus provides “weak encryption,” making a WEP device a target of hackers. 
     The IEEE 802.11 Working Group is working on a security upgrade for the 802.11 standard called “802.11i.” This supplemental draft standard is intended to improve WiLAN security. It describes the encrypted transmission of data between systems 802.11X WiLANs. It also defines new encryption key protocols including the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP). The IEEE 802.11i draft standard, version 4, completed Jun. 6, 2003, is incorporated herein by reference. 
     The 802.11i standard is based on 802.1x port-based authentication for user and device authentication. The 802.11i standard includes two main developments: Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) and Robust Security Network (RSN). 
     WPA uses the same RC4 underlying encryption algorithm as WEP. However, WPA uses TKIP to improve security of keys used with WEP. WPA keys are derived and rotated more often than WEP keys and thus provide additional security. WPA also adds a message-integrity-check function to prevent packet forgeries. 
     RSN uses dynamic negotiation of authentication and selectable encryption algorithms between wireless access points and wireless devices. The authentication schemes proposed in the draft standard include Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP). One proposed encryption algorithm is an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption algorithm. 
     Dynamic negotiation of authentication and encryption algorithms lets RSN evolve with the state of the art in security, adding algorithms to address new threats and continuing to provide the security necessary to protect information that WiLANs carry. 
     The NIST developed a new encryption standard, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to keep government information secure. AES is intended to be a stronger, more efficient successor to Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES). 
     DES is a popular symmetric-key encryption method developed in 1975 and standardized by ANSI in 1981 as ANSI X.3.92, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. As is known in the art, 3DES is the encrypt-decrypt-encrypt (EDE) mode of the DES cipher algorithm. 3DES is defined in the ANSI standard, ANSI X9.52-1998, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. DES modes of operation are used in conjunction with the NIST Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) for data encryption (FIPS 46-3, October 1999), the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     The NIST approved a FIPS for the AES, FIPS-197. This standard specified “Rijndael” encryption as a FIPS-approved symmetric encryption algorithm that may be used by U.S. Government organizations (and others) to protect sensitive information. The NIST FIPS-197 standard (AES FIPS PUB 197, November 2001) is incorporated herein by reference. 
     The NIST approved a FIPS for U.S. Federal Government requirements for information technology products for sensitive but unclassified (SBU) communications. The NIST FIPS Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules (FIPS PUB 140-2, May 2001) is incorporated herein by reference. 
     RSA is a public key encryption system which can be used both for encrypting messages and making digital signatures. The letters RSA stand for the names of the inventors: Rivest, Shamir and Adleman. For more information on RSA, see U.S. Pat. No. 4,405,829, now expired and incorporated herein by reference. 
     “Hashing” is the transformation of a string of characters into a usually shorter fixed-length value or key that represents the original string. Hashing is used to index and retrieve items in a database because it is faster to find the item using the shorter hashed key than to find it using the original value. It is also used in many encryption algorithms. 
     Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA), is used for computing a secure condensed representation of a data message or a data file. When a message of any length&lt;2 64  bits is input, the SHA-1 produces a 160-bit output called a “message digest.” The message digest can then be input to other security techniques such as encryption, a Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) and others which generates or verifies a security mechanism for the message. SHA-512 outputs a 512-bit message digest. The Secure Hash Standard, FIPS PUB 180-1, Apr. 17, 1995, is incorporated herein by reference. 
     Message Digest-5 (MD-5) takes as input a message of arbitrary length and produces as output a 128-bit “message digest” of the input. The MD5 algorithm is intended for digital signature applications, where a large file must be “compressed” in a secure manner before being encrypted with a private (secret) key under a public-key cryptosystem such as RSA. The IETF RFC-1321, entitled “The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm” is incorporated here by reference. 
     Providing a way to check the integrity of information transmitted over or stored in an unreliable medium such as a wireless network is a prime necessity in the world of open computing and communications. Mechanisms that provide such integrity check based on a secret key are called “message authentication codes” (MAC). Typically, message authentication codes are used between two parties that share a secret key in order to validate information transmitted between these parties. 
     Keyed Hashing for Message Authentication Codes (HMAC), is a mechanism for message authentication using cryptographic hash functions. HMAC is used with any iterative cryptographic hash function, e.g., MD5, SHA-1, SHA-512, etc. in combination with a secret shared key. The cryptographic strength of HMAC depends on the properties of the underlying hash function. The IETF RFC-2101, entitled “HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication” is incorporated here by reference. 
     An Electronic Code Book (ECB) is a mode of operation for a “block cipher,” with the characteristic that each possible block of plaintext has a defined corresponding cipher text value and vice versa. In other words, the same plaintext value will always result in the same cipher text value. Electronic Code Book is used when a volume of plaintext is separated into several blocks of data, each of which is then encrypted independently of other blocks. The Electronic Code Book has the ability to support a separate encryption key for each block type. 
     Diffie and Hellman (DH) describe several different group methods for two parties to agree upon a shared secret in such a way that the secret will be unavailable to eavesdroppers. This secret is then converted into various types of cryptographic keys. A large number of the variants of the DH method exist including ANSI X9.42. The IETF RFC-2631, entitled “Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement Method” is incorporated here by reference. 
     The HyperText Transport Protocol (HTTP) Secure (HTTPs), is a standard for encrypted communications on the World Wide Web. HTTPs is actually just HTTP over a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). For more information on HTTP, see IETF RFC-2616 incorporated herein by reference. 
     The SSL protocol is a protocol layer which may be placed between a reliable connection-oriented network layer protocol (e.g. TCP/IP) and the application protocol layer (e.g. HTTP). SSL provides for secure communication between a source and destination by allowing mutual authentication, the use of digital signatures for integrity, and encryption for privacy. 
     The SSL protocol is designed to support a range of choices for specific security methods used for cryptography, message digests, and digital signatures. The security methods are negotiated between the source and destination at the start of establishing a protocol session. The SSL 2.0 protocol specification, by Kipp E. B. Hickman, 1995 is incorporated herein by reference. 
     Transport Layer Security (TLS) provides communications privacy over the Internet. The protocol allows client/server applications to communicate over a transport layer (e.g., TCP) in a way that is designed to prevent eavesdropping, tampering, or message forgery. For more information on TLS see IETF RFC-2246, incorporated herein by reference. 
     In one embodiment, the security functionality includes Cisco Compatible EXtensions (CCX). CCX includes security specifications for makers of 802.11xx wireless LAN chips for ensuring compliance with Cisco&#39;s proprietary wireless security LAN protocols. As is known in the art, Cisco Systems, Inc. of San Jose, Calif. is supplier of networking hardware and software, including router and security products. 
     In one embodiment, the security functionality includes blockchains. A “blockchain” is a public ledger of all transactions that have ever been executed. It is constantly growing as completed blocks are added to it with a new set of recordings. The blocks are added to the blockchain in a linear, chronological order. Blockchains are used on Peer-2-Peer (P2P) networks and other networks such as cloud communications networks  18 . Each P2P node gets a copy of the blockchain, which gets downloaded automatically upon joining P2P. The blockchain has complete information about the block owners and block content right from the first block to the most recently completed block. 
     A “blockchain” is also a digital ledger that records every transaction that has ever occurred. Blockchains and transactions on blockchains are typically protected by cryptography. More importantly, though, the blockchain does not reside in a single server, but across a distributed network of servers and computer such as a cloud computing network and a P2P computing network. Accordingly, whenever new transactions occur, a new blockchain is authenticated across this distributed network, then the transaction is included as a new “block” on the “chain.” A block chain implementation comprises of two kinds of records: transactions and blocks. 
     “Transactions” are the content to be stored in the block chain (e.g., financial transactions, etc.). Transactions are created by participants using the system. In the case of cryptocurrencies, a transaction is created any time a cryptocurrency owner sends cryptocurrency to someone. 
     A transaction is also a transfer of value between digital wallets that gets included in the block chain. Digital wallets, including BITCOIN wallets, store a secret piece of data called a “private key” or, which is used to digitally sign transactions, providing a mathematical proof that the digital signature has actually come from the owner of the digital wallet. 
     System users create transactions that are passed from node to node on a best-effort basis. The system implementing the blockchain defines a valid transaction. In cryptocurrency applications, a valid transaction must be digitally signed, spend one or more unspent outputs of previous transactions, and the sum of transaction outputs must not exceed the sum of inputs. 
     Blocks record and confirm when and in what sequence transactions enter and are logged in the block chain. Blocks are created by users known as “miners” who use specialized software or equipment designed specifically to create blocks. 
     Blockchains are decentralized and do not require a “central authority” or “middleman.” Every node in a decentralized system has a copy of the block chain. This avoids the need to have a centralized database managed by a trusted third party. Blockchain transactions are broadcast to a network using software applications. Network nodes can validate transactions, add them to their copy and then broadcast these additions to other nodes. To avoid the need for a trusted third party to timestamp transactions, decentralized block chains use various timestamping schemes, such as proof-of-work. 
     However, the present invention is not limited to such security and encryption methods described herein and more, fewer and/or other types of security and encryption methods can be used to practice the invention. The security and encryption methods described herein can also be used in various combinations and/or in different layers of the protocol stack  38  with each other. 
     Cloud Computing Networks 
       FIG. 4  is a block diagram  60  illustrating an exemplary cloud computing network  18 . The cloud computing network  18  is also referred to as a “cloud communications network”  18 . However, the present invention is not limited to this cloud computing model and other cloud computing models can also be used to practice the invention. The exemplary cloud communications network includes both wired and/or wireless components of public and private networks. 
     In one embodiment, the cloud computing network  18  includes a cloud communications network  18  comprising plural different cloud component networks  72 ,  74 ,  76 ,  78 . “Cloud computing” is a model for enabling, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., public and private networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that are shared, rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. 
     This exemplary cloud computing model for electronic information retrieval promotes availability for shared resources and comprises: (1) cloud computing essential characteristics; (2) cloud computing service models; and (3) cloud computing deployment models. However, the present invention is not limited to this cloud computing model and other cloud computing models can also be used to practice the invention. 
     Exemplary cloud computing essential characteristics appear in Table 1. However, the present invention is not limited to these essential characteristics and more, fewer or other characteristics can also be used to practice the invention. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 1.  
                 On-demand Bill of Materials (BOM) creation services and  
               
               
                   
                 creation and assignment of Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs)  
               
               
                   
                 services. BOM creation and creation and assignment ALAs  
               
               
                   
                 converters can unilaterally provision computing capabilities,  
               
               
                   
                 such as server time and network storage, as needed  
               
               
                   
                 automatically without requiring human interaction with each  
               
               
                   
                 network server on the cloud communications network 18.  
               
               
                 2.  
                 Broadband network access. Bill of Materials creation and ALA  
               
               
                   
                 creation and assignment capabilities are available over plural  
               
               
                   
                 broadband communications networks and accessed through  
               
               
                   
                 standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin  
               
               
                   
                 or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, smart phones 14,  
               
               
                   
                 tablet computers 12, laptops, PDAs, etc.). The broadband  
               
               
                   
                 network access includes high speed network access such as  
               
               
                   
                 3G, 4G and/or 5G wireless and/or wired and broadband  
               
               
                   
                 and/or ultra-broad band (e.g., WiMAX, etc.) network access.  
               
               
                 3.  
                 Resource pooling. BOM creation and ALA creation and assignment  
               
               
                   
                 computing resources are pooled to serve multiple requesters using a  
               
               
                   
                 multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources  
               
               
                   
                 dynamically assigned and reassigned according to electronic content  
               
               
                   
                 retrieval demand. There is location independence in that a requester  
               
               
                   
                 of automatic BOM creation services ALA creation and assignment  
               
               
                   
                 services and has no control and/ or knowledge over the exact  
               
               
                   
                 of the location provided by the automatic BOM creation and ALA  
               
               
                   
                 creation and assignment resources but may be able to specify  
               
               
                   
                 location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state,  
               
               
                   
                 or data center). Examples of pooled resources include storage,  
               
               
                   
                 processing, memory, network bandwidth, virtual server network  
               
               
                   
                 device and virtual target network devices.  
               
               
                 4.  
                 Rapid elasticity. Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically  
               
               
                   
                 provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out  
               
               
                   
                 and rapidly released to quickly scale for BOM creation and ALA  
               
               
                   
                 creation and assignment. For BOM creation and ALA creation  
               
               
                   
                 and assignment converters, the BOM creation capabilities and  
               
               
                   
                 ALA creation and assignment capabilities available for  
               
               
                   
                 provisioning appear to be unlimited and can be used in any  
               
               
                   
                 quantity at any time.  
               
               
                 5.  
                 Measured Services. Cloud computing systems automatically  
               
               
                   
                 control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering  
               
               
                   
                 capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of  
               
               
                   
                 BOM creation service and ALA creation and assignment service  
               
               
                   
                 (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, custom electronic  
               
               
                   
                 content retrieval applications, etc.). BOM creation and ALA  
               
               
                   
                 creation and assignment usage is monitored, controlled, and  
               
               
                   
                 reported providing transparency for both the BOM creation and  
               
               
                   
                 ALA creation and assignment provider and the BOM creation  
               
               
                   
                 ALA creation and assignment requester of the utilized  
               
               
                   
                 electronic content storage retrieval service. 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Exemplary cloud computing service models illustrated in  FIG. 4  appear in Table 2. However, the present invention is not limited to these service models and more, fewer or other service models can also be used to practice the invention. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 1.  
                 Cloud Computing Software Applications 62 for a BOM  
               
               
                   
                 Creation and ALA Creation and Assignment Service (CCSA  
               
               
                   
                 64). The capability to use the provider&#39;s applications 30, 30′  
               
               
                   
                 running on a cloud infrastructure 66. The cloud computing  
               
               
                   
                 applications 62 are accessible from the server network device  
               
               
                   
                 22 from various client devices 12, 14, 16 through a thin  
               
               
                   
                 client interface such as a web browser, etc. The user does not  
               
               
                   
                 manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure 66  
               
               
                   
                 including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even  
               
               
                   
                 individual application 30, 30′ capabilities, with the possible  
               
               
                   
                 exception of limited user-specific application configuration  
               
               
                   
                 settings. 
               
               
                 2.  
                 Cloud Computing Infrastructure 66 for the BOM Creation and  
               
               
                   
                 ALA Creation and Assignment Service (CCI 68). The capability  
               
               
                   
                 provided to the user is to provision processing, storage and  
               
               
                   
                 retrieval, networks 18, 72, 74, 76, 78 and other fundamental  
               
               
                   
                 computing resources where theconsumer is able to deploy and  
               
               
                   
                 run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and  
               
               
                   
                 applications 30, 30′. The user does not manage or control the  
               
               
                   
                 underlying cloud infrastructure 66 but has control over operating  
               
               
                   
                 systems, storage, deployed applications, and possibly limited control  
               
               
                   
                 of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls, etc.).  
               
               
                 3.  
                 Cloud Computing Platform 70 for the Bill of Materials Creation and  
               
               
                   
                 ALA Creation and Assignment Service (CCP 71). The capability  
               
               
                   
                 provided to the user to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure 66  
               
               
                   
                 created or acquired applications created using programming  
               
               
                   
                 languages and tools supported servers 20, 22, 24, 26, etc. .  
               
               
                   
                 The user does not manage or control the underlying cloud  
               
               
                   
                 infrastructure 66 including network, servers, operating  
               
               
                   
                 systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications  
               
               
                   
                 30, 30′ and possibly application hosting environment configurations. 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Exemplary cloud computing deployment models appear in Table 3. However, the present invention is not limited to these deployment models and more, fewer or other deployment models can also be used to practice the invention. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 1.  
                 Private cloud network 72. The cloud network infrastructure is  
               
               
                   
                 operated solely for automatic Bill of Materials creation. It may  
               
               
                   
                 be managed by the electronic content retrieval or a third party  
               
               
                   
                 and may exist on premise or off premise.  
               
               
                 2.  
                 Community cloud network 74. The cloud network infrastructure  
               
               
                   
                 is shared by several different organizations and supports a  
               
               
                   
                 specific electronic content storage and retrieval community  
               
               
                   
                 that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements,  
               
               
                   
                 policy, compliance considerations, etc.). It may be managed by  
               
               
                   
                 the different organizations or a third party and may exist on  
               
               
                   
                 premise or off premise.  
               
               
                 3.  
                 Public cloud network 76. The cloud network infrastructure  
               
               
                   
                 such as the Internet, PSTN, SATV, CATV, Internet TV, etc.  
               
               
                   
                 is made available to the general public or a large industry  
               
               
                   
                 group and is owned by one or more organizations selling  
               
               
                   
                 cloud services.  
               
               
                 4.  
                 Hybrid cloud network 78. The cloud network infrastructure  
               
               
                   
                 66 is a composition of two and/or more cloud networks  
               
               
                   
                 18 (e.g., private 72, community 74, and/or public 76, etc.)  
               
               
                   
                 and/or other types of public and/or private networks (e.g.,  
               
               
                   
                 intranets, etc.) that remain unique entities but are bound  
               
               
                   
                 together by standardized or proprietary technology that  
               
               
                   
                 enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting  
               
               
                   
                 for load-balancing between clouds, etc.) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Cloud software  64  for electronic content retrieval takes full advantage of the cloud paradigm by being service oriented with a focus on statelessness, low coupling, modularity, and semantic interoperability for electronic content retrieval. However, cloud software services  64  can include various states. 
     Cloud storage of desired electronic content on a cloud computing network includes agility, scalability, elasticity and multi-tenancy. Although a storage foundation may be comprised of block storage or file storage such as that exists on conventional networks, cloud storage is typically exposed to requesters of desired electronic content as cloud objects. 
     In one exemplary embodiment, the cloud application  30 ′, offers cloud services for automatic Bill of Materials creation. The application  30 ,  30 ′ offers the cloud computing Infrastructure  66 ,  68  as a Service  62  (IaaS), including a cloud software infrastructure service  62 , the cloud Platform  70 ,  71  as a Service  62  (PaaS) including a cloud software platform service  62  and/or offers Specific cloud Software as a Service  64  (SaaS) including a specific cloud software service  64  for automatic real-time (e.g., 1-10 seconds or less, etc.) Bill of Materials (BOM) creation and automatically creating and assigning Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs) to the BOM. The IaaS, PaaS and SaaS include one or more of cloud services  62  comprising networking, storage, server network device, virtualization, operating system, middleware, run-time, data and/or application services, or plural combinations thereof, on the cloud communications network  18 . 
       FIG. 5  is a block diagram  80  illustrating an exemplary cloud storage object  82 . 
     The cloud storage object  82  includes an envelope portion  84 , with a header portion  86 , and a body portion  88 . However, the present invention is not limited to such a cloud storage object  82  and other cloud storage objects and other cloud storage objects with more, fewer or other portions can also be used to practice the invention. 
     The envelope portion  84  uses unique namespace Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) and/or Uniform Resource Names (URNs), and/or Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) unique across the cloud communications network  18  to uniquely specify, location and version information and encoding rules used by the cloud storage object  82  across the whole cloud communications network  18 . For more information, see IETF RFC-3305, Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs), URLs, and Uniform Resource Names (URNs), the contents of which are incorporated by reference. 
     The envelope portion  84  of the cloud storage object  82  is followed by a header portion  86 . The header portion  86  includes extended information about the cloud storage objects such as authorization and/or transaction information, etc. 
     The body portion  88  includes methods  90  (i.e., a sequence of instructions, etc.) for using embedded application-specific data in data elements  92 . The body portion  88  typically includes only one portion of plural portions of application-specific data  92  and independent data  94  so the cloud storage object  82  can provide distributed, redundant fault tolerant, security and privacy features described herein. 
     Cloud storage objects  82  have proven experimentally to be a highly scalable, available and reliable layer of abstraction that also minimizes the limitations of common file systems. Cloud storage objects  82  also provide low latency and low storage and transmission costs. 
     Cloud storage objects  82  are comprised of many distributed resources, but function as a single storage object, are highly fault tolerant through redundancy and provide distribution of desired electronic content across public communication networks  76 , and one or more private networks  72 , community networks  74  and hybrid networks  78  of the cloud communications network  18 . Cloud storage objects  82  are also highly durable because of creation of copies of portions of desired electronic content across such networks  72 ,  74 ,  76 ,  78  of the cloud communications network  18 . Cloud storage objects  82  includes one or more portions of desired electronic content and can be stored on any of the  72 ,  74 ,  76 ,  78  networks of the cloud communications network  18 . Cloud storage objects  82  are transparent to a requester of desired electronic content and are managed by cloud applications  30 ,  30 ′. 
     In one embodiment, cloud storage objects  82  are configurable arbitrary objects with a size up to hundreds of terabytes, each accompanied by with a few kilobytes of metadata. Cloud objects are organized into and identified by a unique identifier unique across the whole cloud communications network  18 . However, the present invention is not limited to the cloud storage objects described, and more fewer and other types of cloud storage objects can be used to practice the invention. 
     Cloud storage objects  82  present a single unified namespace or object-space and manages desired electronic content by user or administrator-defined policies storage and retrieval policies. Cloud storage objects includes Representational state transfer (REST), Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) and/or Application Programming Interface (API) objects and/or other types of cloud storage objects. However, the present invention is not limited to the cloud storage objects described, and more fewer and other types of cloud storage objects can be used to practice the invention. 
     REST is a protocol specification that characterizes and constrains macro-interactions storage objects of the four components of a cloud communications network  18 , namely origin servers, gateways, proxies and clients, without imposing limitations on the individual participants. 
     SOAP is a protocol specification for exchanging structured information in the implementation of cloud services with storage objects. SOAP has at least three major characteristics: (1) Extensibility (including security/encryption, routing, etc.); (2) Neutrality (SOAP can be used over any transport protocol such as HTTP, SMTP or even TCP, etc.), and (3) Independence (SOAP allows for almost any programming model to be used, etc.) 
     LDAP is a software protocol for enabling storage and retrieval of electronic content and other resources such as files and devices on the cloud communications network  18 . LDAP is a “lightweight” version of Directory Access Protocol (DAP), which is part of X.500, a standard for directory services in a network. LDAP may be used with X.509 security and other security methods for secure storage and retrieval. X.509 is public key digital certificate standard developed as part of the X.500 directory specification. X.509 is used for secure management and distribution of digitally signed certificates across networks. 
     An Application Program Interface (API) is a particular set of rules and specifications that software programs can follow to communicate with each other. It serves as an interface between different software programs and facilitates their interaction. 
     Wearable Devices 
     Wearable technology” and/or “wearable devices” are clothing and accessories incorporating computer and advanced electronic technologies. Wearable network devices provide several advantages including, but not limited to: (1) Quicker access to notifications. Important and/or summary notifications are sent to alert a user to view the whole message. (2) Heads-up information. Digital eye wear allows users to display relevant information like directions without having to constantly glance down; (3) Always-on Searches. Wearable devices provide always-on, hands-free searches; and (4) Recorded data and feedback. Wearable devices take telemetric data recordings and providing useful feedback for users for exercise, health, fitness, etc. activities. 
       FIG. 6  is a block diagram with 96 illustrating wearable devices. The wearable devices include one or more processors and include, but are not limited to, wearable digital glasses  98 , clothing  100  (e.g., smart ties, shirts, pants, shoes, etc.), jewelry  102  (e.g., smart rings, smart earrings, etc.) and/or watches, fitness bands/trackers, etc.  104 . However, the present invention is not limited to such embodiments and more, fewer and other types of wearable devices can also be used to practice the invention. 
     In one specific embodiment, the application  30 ,  30 ′ interacts with wearable devices  98 - 104  and cloud IaaS  66 , PaaS  70  and SaaS  64  services for automatic real-time Bill of Materials (BOM) creation and automatically creation and assigning Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs) to the BOM with the methods described herein on a cloud communications network  18 ′ and/or a non-cloud communications network  18 . 
     Building Information Modeling (BIM) 
     Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a process including the generation and management of digital representations of physical and functional characteristics of physical spaces. Building Information Models (BIMs) are files (often but not always in proprietary formats and containing proprietary data) which can be exchanged or networked to support decision-making. 
     Current BIM software is used by individuals, businesses and government authorities who plan, design, construct, operate and maintain diverse physical infrastructures, from water, wastewater, electricity, gas, refuse, and communication utilities to roads, bridges and ports, from houses, apartments, schools and shops to offices, factories, warehouses, etc. 
     BIM modeling programs include two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) modeling programs. In one specific embodiment, the BIM modeling programs includes an AUTODESK REVIT, AUTOCAD, VECTORWORKS, MICROSTATION, ARCHICAD, SOLIDWORKS, TC CREO, SKETCHUP and/or other BIM modeling program. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment and other BIM modeling programs can be used to practice the invention. 
     AUTODESK REVIT, is Building Information Modeling (BIM) software for architects, structural engineers, Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing (MEP) engineers, designers and contractors. It allows users to design a building and structure and its components in 3D, annotate the model with 2D drafting elements and access building information from the building models database. REVIT is 4D BIM capable with tools to plan and track various stages in the building&#39;s lifecycle, from concept to construction and later demolition. 
     AUTODESK INVENTOR, is a 3D mechanical CAD design software for creating 3D digital prototypes used in the design, visualization and simulation of products. 
     AUTOCAD is a software application for 2D and 3D computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting. It has been available since 1982 as a desktop application and since 2010 as a mobile web- and cloud-based application, currently marketed as AUTOCAD 360. 
     VECTORWORKS is a computer-aided design (CAD) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) software program developed by Nemetschek. VECTORWORKS that is used for drafting, technical drawing and 3D modeling. VECTORWORKS offers 2D, 3D, production management, and presentation capabilities for all phases of the design process. 
     BENTLEY SYSTEM, INC, is a software company that produces solutions for the design, construction and operation of infrastructure. The company&#39;s software serves the building, plant, civil, and geospatial markets in the areas of architecture, engineering, construction (AEC) and operations. Their software solutions are used to design, engineer, build, and operate large constructed assets such as roadways, railways, bridges, buildings, industrial and power plants and utility networks. 
     BENTLEY&#39;S principal software solution is MICROSTATION. MIRCOSTATION is a desktop 2D/3D CAD platform upon which BENTLEY and third-party software companies build more specific solutions. For example, BENTLY MAP is an extension from BENTLEY that runs on top of MICROSTATION adding Graphic Information System (GIS) and spatial capabilities to the CAD program. 
     The latest versions of MICROSTATION are released solely for MICROSOFT WINDOWS operating systems, but historically MICROSTATION was available for APPLE MACINTOSH platforms and a number of UNIX-like operating systems. MICROSTATION is the platform architectural and engineering software package developed by BENTLEY SYSTEMS, Incorporated. Among a number of things, it generates 2D/3D vector graphic objects and elements. 
     BENTLEY is also a provider of Building information modeling (BIM) solutions for the Architecture, Structural, Mechanical and Electrical engineering disciplines. BENTLEY also provides GENERATIVE COMPONENTS, a parametric modeling solution used primarily by architects and engineers in building design. 
     ARCHICAD is an architectural BIM CAD software for APPLE MACINTOSH and Microsoft Windows developed by the Hungarian company GRAPHISOFT. ARCHICAD offers specialized solutions for handling all common aspects of aesthetics and engineering during the whole design process of the built environment—buildings, interiors, urban areas, etc. 
     Development of ARCHICAD started in 1982 for the original APPLE MACINTOSH. ARCHICAD is recognized as the first CAD product on a personal computer able to create both 2D drawings and parametric 3D geometry. [1]  In its debut in 1987 ARCHICAD also became the first implementation of BIM under GRAPHISOFT&#39;s “Virtual Building” concept. 
     SOLIDWORKS is a 3D mechanical CAD program that runs on MICROSOFT WINDOWS and is developed by DASSAULT SYSTÈMES SOLIDWORKS CORP., a subsidiary of DASSAULT SYSTÈMES, S. A. (Vélizy, France). 
     TC CREO, formerly known as PRO/ENGINEER or PRO/E is a parametric, integrated 3D CAD/CAM/CAE solution created by PARAMETRIC TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION (PTC). It was the first to market with parametric, feature-based, associative solid modeling software. The application runs on MICROSOFT WINDOWS platform, and provides solid modeling, assembly modeling and drafting, finite element analysis, Direct and Parametric modeling, Sub-divisional and nurbs surfacing and NC and tooling functionality for mechanical engineers. 
     SKETCHUP (Formerly: GOOGLE SKETCHUP) is a 3D modeling program for applications such as architectural, interior design, civil and mechanical engineering, film, and video game design. A freeware version, SKETCHUP MAKE, and a paid version with additional functionality, SKETCHUP PRO, are available. 
     There is an online Open source repository of free-of-charge model assemblies (e.g., windows, doors, automobiles, etc.), 3D WAREHOUSE, to which users may contribute models. The program includes drawing layout functionality, allows surface rendering in variable “styles”, supports third-party “plug-in” programs hosted on a site called Extension Warehouse to provide other capabilities (e.g., near photo-realistic rendering), and enables placement of its models within GOOGLE EARTH. 
     SKETCHUP can export 3D to Digital Asset Exchange, .DAE and GOOGLE EARTH&#39;s Keyhole Markup Language, .KMZ file format. The Pro version extends exporting support to include the AUTOCAD 3D STUDIO DOS, .3DS, AUTOCAD DRAWING, .DWG, AutoCAD DXF (Drawing Interchange Format, or Drawing Exchange Format), .DFX, KAYDARA Filmbox, .FBX, Object geometry definition, .OBJ, AUTODESK Softimage, .XSK, and Virtual Reality Modeling Language .WRL, file formats. GOOGLE SKETCHUP can also save elevations or renderings of the model, called “screenshots”, as Bitmap, .BMP, Portable Network Graphics, .PNG, JPEG, .JPG, Tagged Image File Format, .TIF, with the Pro version also supporting Portable Document Format, .PDF, Encapsulated Postscript, .EPS and .EPX, Drawing, .DWG, and AUTOCAD Drawing Exchange format, .DXF. 
     A “4D BIM” is a term widely used in the CAD industry, refers to the intelligent linking of individual 3D CAD components or assemblies with time or schedule-related information. The use of the term 4D is intended to refer to the fourth dimension: schedule-time (i.e., 4D is 3D+schedule-time). 
     The construction of the 4D models enables the various participants (e.g., from architects, designers, contractors to owners) of a construction project, to visualize the entire duration of a series of events and display the progress of construction activities through the lifetime of the project. This BIM-centric approach towards project management technique has a very high potential to improve the project management and delivery of construction project, of any size or complexity. 
     A “5D BIM” is also term widely used in the CAD industry, which refers to the intelligent linking of individual 3D CAD components or assemblies with schedule (schedule-time, 4D) constraint and cost-related information (5D). The use of the term 5D is intended to refer to the addition of 4D: time and 5D: cost to the 3D model (i.e., 5D is 3D+4D+cost). 
     The construction of the 5D models enables the various participants (e.g., from architects, designers, contractors to owners) of any construction project, to visualize the progress of construction activities and its related costs over time. 
     Automatic Creation of Bills of Materials 
       FIG. 7  is a block diagram illustrating a data flow  105  for automatic real-time creation of a Bill of Materials. 
       FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C and 8D  are a flow diagram illustrating a Method  106  for automatic real-time creation of a Bill of Materials. 
     In  FIG. 8A  at Step  108 , a network device with one or more processors creates in a pre-determined layout in a non-transitory computer readable medium, a Building Information Model (BIM) electronic drawing in a three-dimensional (3D) BIM modeling program for a desired physical structure, the BIM electronic drawing created using a Bill of Materials application on the 3D BIM modeling program including a set of Bill of Material guidelines used to automatically create a Bill of Materials including a report produced in a standard and repeatable format and including plural digital representations of every one of plural physical components used to build the desired physical structure including structural components, fastening components, utility components and covering components. At Step  110 , a first message from the network device via a cloud communications network to a cloud Software as a Service (SaaS) application on a cloud server network device with one or more processors, to request a Bill of Materials for the BIM electronic drawing for the desired physical structure be automatically created, the first message including an electronic link to the BIM electronic drawing. At Step  112 , the first message is received on the SaaS service on the cloud server network device via the cloud communications network from the application on the network device. In  FIG. 8B  at Step  114 , the SaaS service on the cloud server network device creates a new blank database in a pre-determined layout in a non-transitory computer readable medium on the cloud communications network to store digital information for the BIM electronic drawing for the desired physical structure. At Step  116 , the SaaS service on the cloud server network device accesses a set of existing plural master tables including plural Bill of Material field identifiers to store digital information from the BIM electronic drawing for the digital representations of every one of the plural physical components used to build the desired physical structure. At Step  118 , the SaaS service on the cloud server network device populates the set of the plural master tables with digital information from the link to the BIM electronic drawing from the first message including the digital information from the digital representations of every one of the plural physical components used to build the desired physical structure. At Step  120 , the SaaS service on the cloud server network device imports from the link to the BIM electronic drawing from the first message a plural 3D modeling program tables and filters from the 3D modeling program used to create the BIM electronic drawing in the 3D modeling program. In  FIG. 8C  at Step  122 , the SaaS service on the cloud server network device filters the plural 3D modeling program tables to exclude non-essential tables and non-essential information and grouping of filtered plural 3D modeling tables by instance and type of the plural physical components from the BIM electronic drawing. At Step  124 , a test is conducted to compare with the SaaS service on the cloud server network device a plural 3D modeling program field identifiers from the imported and filtered 3D modeling program tables with a plural master field identifiers in the plural master tables to determine if a match occurs. If a match occurs at Step  124  at Step  126 , the SaaS service on the cloud server network device copies digital information from a matched 3D modeling program table field into a corresponding master table field. At Step  128 , the SaaS service on the cloud server network device stores in the database, the set of the plural master tables including the plural Bill of Material field identifiers with digital information populated from the BIM electronic drawing and copied from the imported and filtered 3D modeling program tables. In  FIG. 8D  at Step  130 , the SaaS service on the cloud server network device creates automatically in real-time from the database with a Bill of Materials in a pre-determined layout in the non-transitory computer readable medium for the BIM electronic drawing for the desired physical structure, the Bill of Materials including the report produced in the standard and repeatable format with a calculated quantity, purchase cost, installation time, installation cost and waste factor for every one of the plural physical components used to build the desired physical structure, the Bill of Materials further providing a full list of physical materials including product or trade name for the physical materials and an electronic link to installation instructions for every one of the plural physical components used to build the desired physical structure, thereby with the created Bill of Materials reducing risk, reducing costs and ensuring a trackable level of quality for the builders of the desired physical structure and thereby eliminating any need for estimating of any quantity, cost, installation time, installation cost or waste factor for any one of the plural physical components used to build the desired physical structure. 
     Method  106  is illustrated with an exemplary embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment and other embodiment can be used to practice the invention. 
     In such an exemplary embodiment in  FIG. 8A  at Step  108 , a network device  12 ,  16 ,  16 ,  20 ,  22 ,  24 ,  26  with one or more processors creates in a pre-determined layout in a non-transitory computer readable medium, a Building Information Model (BIM) electronic drawing  13 ,  15  in a three-dimensional (3D) BIM modeling program  19  for a desired physical structure  21 , the BIM electronic drawing  13 ,  15  created using a Bill of Materials application  30  on the 3D BIM modeling program  19  including a set of Bill of Material guidelines used to automatically create a Bill of Materials  23  including a report  146  produced in a standard and repeatable format and including a plural digital representations of every one of plural physical components used to build the desired physical structure  21  including structural components, fastening components, utility components and covering components. 
     In one embodiment, the network device is a target network device  12 ,  14 ,  16 . In another embodiment, the network device is server network device  20 ,  22 ,  24 ,  26 . 
     In one embodiment, the network device is a target network device  12 ,  14 ,  16  including a desktop computer, laptop computer, tablet computer, mobile phone, non-mobile phone with display, smart phone, Internet phone, Internet appliance, personal digital/data assistants (PDA), portable game console, non-portable game console, wearable network device, cable television (CATV) set-top box, satellite television (SATV) set-top box, Internet television set-top box and digital televisions including high definition televisions (HDTV) and three-dimensional (3DTV) televisions. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment, and more, fewer and other types of network devices can be used to practice the invention. 
     In one embodiment, the BIM electronic drawing  13  is created on the network device  12 ,  14 ,  16 ,  20 ,  22 ,  24 ,  26  by architects, structural engineers, Mechanical Electrical Plumbing (MEP) engineers, infrastructure designers, communications utilities designers and/or contractors. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment and more, fewer or other professionals can create the BIM electronic drawing  13  to practice the invention. 
     In one embodiment the 3D BIM Modeling program  19  includes an AUTODESK REVIT, AUTOCAD, VECTORWORKS, MICROSTATION, ARCHICAD, SOLIDWORKS, TC CREO or SKETCHUP, 3D BIM modeling program. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment and more, fewer or other 3D modeling programs can be used to practice the invention. 
     In one embodiment, the desired physical structure  21  includes buildings comprising houses, multi-unit housing, apartments, schools, offices, factories, warehouses, restaurants, physical infrastructures, comprising water, wastewater, refuse, electricity, gas, wind, solar, lighting, roads, bridges, ports, tunnels or communication utilities comprising wired and wireless utilities. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment and more, fewer and/or other physical structures can be used to practice the invention. 
     The SaaS  64  also provides the ability to add items to the Bill of Materials  13  which are not drawn in the BIM modeling program  19 , such as fastening components and covering components. 
     In one embodiment the structural components include, but are not limited to, beams, struts, joists, trusses, walls, floors, roofs, windows, doors, foundation components and/or other structural components. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment and more, fewer or other structural components can be used to practice the invention. 
     In one embodiment, the fastening components include, but are not limited to, nails, screws, bolts, adhesives, mortar and/or other fastening components. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment and more, fewer or other fastening components can be used to practice the invention. 
     In one embodiment, the utility components include, but are not limited to, electrical, plumbing, sewage, water, heating, cooling, ventilation, audio, visual, voice, television and/or other utility components. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment and more, fewer or other utility components can be used to practice the invention. 
     In one embodiment, the covering components include, but are not limited to, paint, stain, wallpaper, carpet, tile and/or other covering components. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment and more, fewer or other covering components can be used to practice the invention. 
     In the present invention, the Bill of Materials  23  is created down to a resolution of an individual piece level (e.g., stud, board, pipe, duct, etc.) of components used to build the desired physical structure  21 . There are no Bill of Materials known in the art that are created down to an individual piece level including individual piece components (e.g., stud, board, pipe, duct, etc.) used to build the desired physical structure  21 . 
     For example, it is determined that every stud is attached in a house with exactly four nails and every piece of dry wall is attached with exactly twelve screws, etc. Therefore, the exact number of nails, screws, etc. can be accurately determined without requiring any counting, any estimations, any waste, etc. 
     In one embodiment, the Bill of Materials includes four-dimensional (4D) BIM information including 3D BIM information plus time-schedule information and five-dimensional (5D) BIM information including 3D BIM information plus 4D information plus cost information. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment and other embodiments can be used to practice the invention. 
     At Step  110 , a first message from the network device (e.g.,  12 , etc.) via a cloud communications network  18  to a cloud Software as a Service (SaaS)  64  application  30 ′ on a cloud server network device  22  with one or more processors, to request a Bill of Materials  23  for the BIM electronic drawing (e.g.,  13 , etc.) for the desired physical structure  21  be automatically created, the first message including an electronic link to the BIM electronic drawing  13 . 
     In one embodiment, cloud service network device providing a cloud computing Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), a cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS) and a cloud Software as a Service (SaaS) including a cloud SaaS service  64  for automatic creation in real-time of a Bill of Materials  21  via the cloud communications network  18 . 
     In another embodiment, the first message includes the BIM electronic drawing  13  instead of a link to it. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. 
     At Step  112 , the first message is received on the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  via the cloud communications network  18  from the application  30  on the network device  12 . 
     In  FIG. 8B  at Step  114 , the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  creates a new blank database  22 ′ in a pre-determined layout in a non-transitory computer readable medium on the cloud communications network  18  to store digital information for the BIM electronic drawing  13  for the desired physical structure  21 . 
     In one embodiment, the new blank database  22 ′ includes one or more cloud storage objects  82  stored on the cloud communications network  18 . However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment and other databases and other embodiments can be used to practice the invention. 
     In one embodiment, the cloud storage objects include plural individual storage fields accessible with REpresentational State Transfer (REST), Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) or Application Programming Interface (API) protocols. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment and other cloud access protocols and other protocols can be used to practice the invention. 
     In one embodiment, the new blank database  22 ′ includes a MICROSOFT SQL database; ORACLE database and/or MySQL database. MySQL is an open source database. Such databases are relational databases and include Relational DataBase Management Systems (RDBMS). Such database support ANSI SQL, the standard SQL language. 
     Structured Query Language (SQL) is a standard computer language for relational database management and data manipulation. SQL is used to query, insert, update and modify data in tables and other database data structures. 
     At Step  116 , the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  accesses a set of existing plural of master tables  25  including a plural of Bill of Material field identifiers to store digital information from the BIM electronic drawing  13  for the digital representations the plural physical components used to build the desired physical structure  21 . 
     At Step  118 , the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  populates the set of the plural master tables  25  with digital information from the link to the BIM electronic drawing  13  from the first message including the digital information from the digital representations of the plural physical components used to build the desired physical structure  21 . 
     At Step  120 , the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  imports from the link to the BIM electronic drawing  13  from the first message, plural 3D modeling program tables  27  and filters from the 3D modeling program  19  used to create the BIM electronic drawing  13  in the 3D modeling program  19 . 
     In  FIG. 8C  at Step  122 , the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  filters the plural 3D modeling program  19  tables  27  to exclude non-essential tables and non-essential information and grouping of filtered plural 3D modeling tables  27 ′ by instance and type of the plural physical components from the BIM electronic drawing  13 . 
     At Step  124 , a test is conducted with the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  to compare a plural 3D modeling program field identifiers from the imported and filtered 3D modeling program  19  tables  27 ′ with a plural master field identifiers in the plural master tables  25  to determine if a match occurs. 
     If at Step  124  a match occurs, at Step  126 , the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  copies digital information from a matched 3D modeling program  19  table  27  field into a corresponding master table  25  field. 
     At Step  128 , the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  stores in the database  22 ′ the set of the plural master tables  27  including the plural Bill of Material field identifiers with digital information populated from the BIM electronic drawing  13  and copied from the imported and filtered 3D modeling program tables  25 . 
     In one embodiment, a unique material identifier is associated with each piece in the BIM drawing and is automatically exported from the 3D modeling program (e.g., REVIT, etc.) into the existing plural master tables so that each piece can reference additional material information such as, but not limited to, model, manufacturer, Stock Keeping Unit (SKU) and cost. 
     In  FIG. 8D  at Step  130 , the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  creates automatically in real-time from the database  22 ′ a Bill of Materials  23  in a pre-determined layout in the non-transitory computer readable medium for the BIM electronic drawing  13  for the desired physical structure  21 , the Bill of Materials  23  including the report  146  produced in the standard and repeatable format with a calculated quantity, purchase cost, installation time, installation cost and waste factor for the plural physical components used to build the desired physical structure  21 , the Bill of Materials  23  further providing a full list of physical materials including product or trade name for the physical materials and an electronic link  148  to installation instructions for the plural physical components used to build the desired physical structure  21 , thereby with the created Bill of Materials  23  reducing risk, reducing costs and ensuring a trackable level of quality for the builders of the desired physical structure and thereby eliminating any need for estimating of any quantity, cost, installation time, installation cost or waste factor for any one of the plural physical components used to build the desired physical structure  21 . 
     The Bill of Materials standard utilized includes BIM templates comprising annotations, constraints and objects used to draw building structures at a piece level representing material size, shape, location, quantity, and orientation with detailing, fabrication, assembly, and installation information. The quantity, size, shape, location and orientation of each piece is measured automatically from the BIM electronic drawing  13  without referring to annotations. 
     In one embodiment, the pre-determined layout in the non-transitory computer readable medium for the Bill of Materials  23  includes, but is not limited to, a Family Name  150 , Type Name  152 , Count  154 , Actual Quantity  156 , Unit  158 , Unit Cost  160 , Minimum Order Quantity  162 , Quantity to Order  164  and Total Cost  166  portions for the plural physical components used to build the desired physical structure  21 . (See, e.g.,  FIG. 10 ). However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment and more, fewer or other items can be used in the pre-determined layout for the Bill of Materials  23  to practice the invention. 
     In one embodiment, the automatically created Bill of Materials  23  report  146  produced in the standard and repeatable format includes a report creation method (e.g.,  106  and  132 , etc.) and report format  146  certified by a certifying standards organization to industry-wide standards and requirements to ensure trust, safety, security and sustainability of the standard and repeatable format of the Bill of Materials  23  report  146 . In another embodiment, the Bill of Materials  23  report  146  is not certified by any standards organization. However, the present invention is not to limited to such a Bill of Materials report  23  and, other types of reports can be used to practice the invention. 
     In one embodiment, the Bill of Material  23  report  146  and the methods to create it are certified by a certifying standards organization  170  such as UNDERWRITER LABORATORIES, etc. to ensure trust, safety, security, sustainability and repeatable format of the Bill of Materials  23  report  146 . In another embodiment, the Bill of Materials  23  report is not certified by any standards organization. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment and other standards organizations can be used to certify the Bill of Material  23  report and the methods and to practice the invention. 
     In one embodiment, the automatically created Bill of Materials  23  report includes a unique structure identifier  29  (e.g., DIGIBILT BILTiD identifier, etc.) for the physical structure  21  including a list of the plural physical components used to build the desired physical structure  21 , unique features of the desired physical structure, specifications and builders of the desired physical structure, the unique structure identifier  29  is used to track title registrations, product registrations, recaps, warranty claims, damage claims and insurance coverage associated with the desired physical structure. 
     In such an embodiment, the structure identifier  29  is similar to a Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) for a vehicle. A vehicle identification number (VIN) is a unique code, including a serial number, used by the automotive industry to identify individual motor vehicles, towed vehicles, motorcycles, scooters and mopeds, as defined in ISO 3779 (content and structure) and ISO 4030 (location and attachments). 
     In such an embodiment, like a VIN for a vehicle the structure identifier  29  is interpreted to determine all the unique features of the physic-al structure  21 . However, the present invention is not limited to such and embodiment, and more, fewer and/or other information can be used with the structure identifier  29  to practice the invention. 
     In one embodiment, the structure identifier  29  is not created and not assigned to the physical structure  21  until the physical structure  21  is complete. In another embodiment, the structure identifier  29  is not created and not assigned to the physical structure  21  until the physical structure  21  is complete and sold to a new party or title transferred to a new party. 
     In one embodiment, the structure identifier  29  includes a bar code identifier. A “barcode” is an optical machine-readable representation of data, which shows data about the object to which it attaches. Originally, barcodes represented data by varying the widths and spacing of parallel lines, and may be referred to as linear or 1 dimensional (1D). Later they evolved into rectangles, dots, hexagons and other geometric patterns in 2 dimensions (2D). Although 2D systems use a variety of symbols, they are generally referred to as barcodes as well. Barcodes originally were scanned by special-optical scanners called barcode readers, scanners and interpretive software are available on devices including desktop printers (not illustrated) and smart phones  14  and tablet computers  12 . In specific embodiment, the bar code is a QR Code. A “QR Code” is a specific matrix barcode (or two-dimensional code), readable by dedicated QR barcode readers and camera phones. The code consists of black modules arranged in a square pattern on a white background. The information encoded can be text, URL or other data. QR codes are defined in  ISO/IEC  18004:2006  Information technology—Automatic identification and data capture techniques—QR Code  2005  bar code symbology specification,  1 Sep. 2006, the contents of which are incorporated by reference. 
     In one embodiment, Method  106  includes the additional step of displaying on a display component  34  on the network device  12  from the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  via the cloud communications network  18  the automatically created Bill of Materials  23 . However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment and the invention can be practice with and/or without this additional step. 
     In one embodiment, Method  106  includes the additional step of sending the automatically created Bill of Materials  21  from the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  to the network device  12  via the cloud communications network  18 . However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment and the invention can be practice with and/or without this additional step. 
     In another embodiment, Method  106  includes the additional step of creating the BIM electronic drawing  13  on the network device  12  directly with the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  via the cloud communications network  18 . The SaaS service  64  provides access to the 3D modeling program  19  for creation of the BIM electronic drawing  13 . However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment and the invention can be practiced with and/or without this additional step. 
     In another embodiment, Method  106  includes the additional steps of selecting on the network device  12  a desired 3D project model from a set of plural of existing 3D project models  31  and creating a project model BIM electronic drawing  13  using the Bill of Materials application  30  on the 3D BIM modeling program  19 . In one embodiment, the set of the plural existing 3D project models  31  includes plural different existing 3D project models for single family homes, townhouses and multi-unit and commercial structures. 
     For example, the plural existing 3D project models  31  may include house plans for houses of a desired size, including Craftsman bungalows tiny in-law suites, with open floor plans, porches, and flexible living spaces, etc. and/or house plans designed by a specific architect and used over and over in a sub-division, etc. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment, and more, fewer or other types of existing 3D project models may be used to practice the invention. 
       FIG. 9  is a flow diagram illustrating a Method  132  for automatic real-time creation of a Bill of Materials. At Step  134 , the BIM electronic drawing is updated via the 3D BIM modeling program on the network device for the desired physical structure. At Step  136 , a second message is sent from the network device to the SaaS service on the cloud server network device via the cloud communications network to create an updated Bill of Materials from the updated BIM electronic drawing, the second message including a second electronic link to the updated BIM electronic drawing. At Step  138 , the database is update via the SaaS service on the cloud server network device with updated information collected from the updated BIM electronic drawing. At Step  140 , the SaaS service on the cloud server network device creates in real-time from the database on the updated Bill of Materials for the updated BIM electronic drawing. At Step  142 , the updated Bill of Materials is send from the SaaS service on the cloud server network device to the network device via the cloud communications network. 
     Method  132  is illustrated with an exemplary embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment and other embodiment can be used to practice the invention. 
     At Step  134 , the BIM electronic drawing  13  is updated  13 ′ via the 3D BIM modeling program  19  on the network device  12  for the desired physical structure  21 . 
     At Step  136 , a second message is sent from the network device  12  to the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  via the cloud communications network  18  to create an updated Bill of Materials  23 ′ from the updated BIM electronic drawing  13 ′, the second message including a second electronic link to the updated BIM electronic drawing  13 ′. 
     At Step  138 , the database  22 ′ is updated via the SaaS service  42  on the cloud server network device  22  with updated information collected from the updated BIM electronic drawing  13 ′. 
     At Step  140 , the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  creates in real-time from the database  22 ′ on the updated Bill of Materials  23 ′ for the updated BIM electronic drawing  13 ′. 
     At Step  142 , the updated Bill of Materials  23 ′ is send from the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22 ′ to the network device  12  via the cloud communications network  18 . 
       FIG. 10  is a block diagram  144  illustrating an exemplary Bill of Materials  23  standard report  146 . 
     The Bill of Materials  23  standard report  146  is created with Method  106  and updated with Method  132 . The report  146  is produced in the standard and repeatable format with a calculated quantity, purchase cost, installation time, installation cost and waste factor for the plural physical components used to build the desired physical structure  21 , the Bill of Materials  23  further providing a full list of physical materials including product or trade name for the physical materials and an electronic link to installation instructions for the plural physical components used to build the desired physical structure  21 , thereby with the created Bill of Materials  23  report  146  reducing risk, reducing costs and ensuring a trackable level of quality for the builders of the desired physical structure and thereby eliminating any need for estimating of any quantity, cost, installation time, installation cost or waste factor for any one of the plural physical components used to build the desired physical structure  21 . 
     Automatically Creating and Assigning Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs) to a Bill of Materials (BOM) 
     The present invention relates to a system and method provided to builders of physical structures (e.g., buildings comprising houses, multi-unit housing, apartments, schools, offices, factories, warehouses, restaurants, physical infrastructures, comprising water, wastewater, refuse, electricity, gas, wind, solar, lighting, roads, bridges, ports, tunnels or communication utilities comprising wired and wireless utilities, etc.) via a cloud communications network Software as a Service (SaaS) to assign Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs) to Bill of Material (BOM) items to automatically create and dynamically update in real-time a time schedule which can be updated via mobile device and create cost estimates. The system includes the ability to automatically create and/or automatically choose ALA templates that are used for applicable physical structures. The ALA templates include templates for physical labor tasks used to build a desired physical structure and also include activities for items that are not drawn in a 3D BIM modeling program, such as, but not limited to, material orders, material deliveries, permits and inspections and delay factors. 
       FIGS. 11A, 11B and 110  are a flow diagram illustrating a Method  168  for automatically creating and assigning Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs) to a Bill of Materials (BOM). 
     In  FIG. 11A  at Step  170 , a network device with one or more processors creates in a pre-determined layout in a non-transitory computer readable medium, a Building Information Model (BIM) electronic drawing in a three-dimensional (3D) BIM modeling program for a desired physical structure with a resolution of an individual piece level of plural individual components used to build the desired physical structure. The BIM electronic drawing is created using a Bill of Materials (BOM) application on the 3D BIM modeling program including a set of BOM guidelines used to automatically create a BOM including a report produced in a standard and repeatable format and including plural digital representations at the resolution of the individual piece level of the plural of individual components used to build the desired physical structure. At Step  172 , the network device requests in real-time from a SaaS service on a cloud server network device with one or more processors via a cloud communications network, automatic creation of the BOM for the BIM electronic drawing for the desired physical structure. The BOM including the report produced in the standard and repeatable format with a calculated quantity, purchase cost, installation time, installation cost and waste factor for the plural physical components used to build the desired physical structure and including other BOM components which are not drawn in the BIM modeling program including fastening components and covering components for the desired physical structure. The created BOM reducing risk, reducing costs and ensuring a trackable level of quality for the builders of the desired physical structure and eliminating any need for estimating of any quantity, cost, installation time, installation cost or waste factor for any one of the plural physical components used to build the desired physical structure. In  FIG. 11B  at Step  174 , the network device requests in real-time from the SaaS service on the cloud server network device via the cloud communications network, automatic selection of plural Assembly Labor Activity (ALA) templates for the automatically created BOM for the BIM electronic drawing for the desired physical structure. The plural ALA templates including a first set of plural lists for physical labor activity items that are required to build the desired physical structure and also include a second set of plural lists of activities for other ALA items which are not drawn in the BIM modeling program including, building material orders, building material deliveries, crew size, delay information, building permits and building inspections. At Step  176 , the network device requests in real-time from the SaaS service on the cloud server network device via the cloud communications network, a Critical Path Method (CPM)—Work Time Schedule (WTS) be created from the automatically created BOM and automatically selected ALA templates. The CPM-WTS, along with the BOM, are used to automatically create a cost estimate report for building the desired physical structure created by automatically calculating labor costs using labor productivity information, crew size information and labor rates stored in a database by the SaaS service on the cloud communications network. In  FIG. 11C  at Step  178 , the network device requests for a pre-determined time period that an interactive messaging system query the SaaS service on the cloud server network device via the cloud communications network to determine: (1) which ALA items for the BOM are scheduled to occur for a specific timeframe in the CPM-WTS, (2) a scheduled crew size for trades completing the ALA items; (3) contact information for contractors, subcontractors, suppliers or inspectors that will supply labor, materials or non-construction activities associated with the scheduled ALA items for the BOM, and (4) electronic instructional text, audio or visual information, or electronic links thereto, for installing the scheduled ALA items for the BOM in the CPM-WTS. At Step  180 , the network device requests for the pre-determined time period that the interactive messaging system send one or more electronic messages to one or more other mobile network devices with one or more processors for the contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, inspectors or other parties that will supply labor, materials or non-construction activities associated with the scheduled ALA items for the BOM. The one or more electronic messages including which ALA items for the BOM are scheduled to occur for a specific timeframe in the CPM-WTS and electronic instructional text, audio or visual information, or the electronic links thereto, for installing the scheduled ALA items for the BOM in the CPM-WTS. Thereby, with the ALA items for the BOM scheduled to occur for the specific timeframe in the CPM-WTS, further reducing risk, further reducing costs and ensuring another trackable levels of time and of quality for the builders of the desired physical structure. 
     Method  168  is illustrated with an exemplary embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment and other embodiment can be used to practice the invention. 
     In such an exemplary embodiment in  FIG. 11A  at Step  170 , a network device  12  with one or more processors creates in a pre-determined layout in a non-transitory computer readable medium, a Building Information Model (BIM) electronic drawing  13  in a three-dimensional (3D) BIM modeling program  19  for a desired physical structure  21  with a resolution of an individual piece level of plural individual components used to build the desired physical structure  21 . The BIM electronic drawing  13  is created using a Bill of Materials (BOM) application  30  on the 3D BIM modeling program  19  including a set of BOM guidelines used to automatically create a BOM  23  including a report  146  produced in a standard and repeatable format and including plural digital representations at the resolution of the individual piece level of the plural of individual components used to build the desired physical structure  21 . 
     In one embodiment, Step  170  is completed with Method  106  in  FIG. 8 . However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment and other embodiments can be used to practice the invention and other methods can be used to complete Step  170 . 
     At Step  172 , the network device  12  requests in real-time from a SaaS service  64  on a cloud server network device  22  with one or more processors via a cloud communications network  18 , automatic creation of the BOM  13  for the BIM electronic drawing  13  for the desired physical structure  21 . The BOM  23  including the report  146  produced in the standard and repeatable format with a calculated quantity, purchase cost, installation time, installation cost and waste factor for the plural physical components used to build the desired physical structure and including other BOM components which are not drawn in the BIM modeling program  19  including fastening components and covering components for the desired physical structure  21 . Thereby with the created BOM  23  reducing risk, reducing costs and ensuring a trackable level of quality for the builders of the desired physical structure  21  and thereby eliminating any need for estimating of any quantity, cost, installation time, installation cost or waste factor for any one of the plural physical components used to build the desired physical structure  21 . 
     At Step  174 , the network device  12  requests in real-time from the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  via the cloud communications network  18 , automatic selection of plural Assembly Labor Activity (ALA) templates  35  for the automatically created BOM  23  for the BIM electronic drawing  13  for the desired physical structure  21 . The plural ALA templates  35  including a first set of plural lists for physical labor activity items are required to build the desired physical structure and also include a second set of plural lists of activities for other ALA items which are not drawn in the BIM modeling program  19  including, but not limited to, building material orders, building material deliveries, crew size information, delay information, building permits and/or building inspections. 
       FIGS. 12A and 12B  are a flow diagram illustrating a Method  182  for automatically creating Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs). 
     In  FIG. 12A  at Step  184 , a first ALA creation message is sent from the network device via the cloud communications network to the cloud SaaS service on the cloud server network device, to request ALA templates for the automatically created BOM for the BIM electronic drawing for the desired physical structure be automatically created. At Step  186 , the first ALA creation message is received on the SaaS service on the cloud server network device via the cloud communications network from the application on the network device. At Step  188 , the SaaS service on the cloud server network device automatically creates plural blank ALA templates for plural desired BOM items from the automatically created BOM in a database in a pre-determined layout in a non-transitory computer readable medium on the cloud communications network to store ALA information for the BIM electronic drawing for the desired physical structure. At step  190 , the plural blank ALAs associated with a particular BIM or set of BOM items are populated in the database with the SaaS service on the cloud server network device with ALA information from the automatically created BOM for the plural desired BOM items. At Step  192 , the SaaS service on the cloud server network device filters the plural populated ALA templates to include only ALA information from the ALA templates for the plural desired BOM items. At Step  194 , the ALA information in the plural of populated ALA templates is grouped into a first quality assurance category including ALA information that has been assigned to any of the plurality of desired BOM items and into a second quality assurance category including ALA information that has not yet been assigned to any BOM item in the automatically created BOM. 
     Method  182  is illustrated with an exemplary embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment and other embodiment can be used to practice the invention. 
     In such an exemplary embodiment in  FIG. 12A  at Step  184  a first ALA creation message is sent from the network device  12  via the cloud communications network  18  to a cloud SaaS service  54  on the cloud server network device  22 , to request the ALA templates  35  for the automatically created BOM  23  for the BIM electronic drawing  13  for the desired physical structure  21  be automatically created. 
     At Step  186 , the first ALA creation message is received on the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  via the cloud communications network  18  from an application  30  on the network device  12 . 
     At Step  188 , the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  automatically creates plural blank ALA templates  35  for plural desired BOM items  150 - 166  from the automatically created BOM  23  in a database  22 ′ in a pre-determined layout in a non-transitory computer readable medium on the cloud communications network  18  to store ALA information for the BIM electronic drawing  13  for the desired physical structure  21 . 
     In one embodiment, ALA templates  35  are automatically created, based upon the desired physical structure  21  type, including all the labor activities required to install the materials for desired physical structure  31  products along with predecessors, successors, labor productivity and/or crew size associated with them. The ALA templates  35  also include material orders, material deliveries, inspections and/or other items that are associated with the ALAs. ALAs associated with long lead time items are identified in the ALA templates  35  and are used to identify potential schedule impacts. 
       FIG. 13  is a block diagram  196  illustrating exemplary Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs) template  35  items. 
     In one embodiment, the ALA templates  35  resides on a cloud-based database  22 ′ and includes a pre-determined layout of fields in a non-transitory computer readable medium for, but not limited to, Building Category  198 , Trade  200 , Assembly Labor Activity (ALA)  202 , Productivity  204 , ALA assigned  206  and ALA not assigned  208  fields. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and more, fewer and/or other fields can be used for the ALA templates  35 . 
     In one embodiment, the SaaS service  64  searches the database  22 ′ for desired existing ALA templates  35 . If desired existing ALA templates  35  already exists, they are not re-created, but instead automatically selected from the database  22 ′ by the SaaS service  64 . 
     Returning to  FIG. 12A  at Step  190 , the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  populates plural ALAs associated with a particular BIM or set of BOM Items  35  for plural desired BOM items  150 - 166  from the automatically created BOM  23  in the database  22 ′ in a pre-determined layout in a non-transitory computer readable medium on the cloud communications network  18  to store ALA information for the BIM electronic drawing  13  for the desired physical structure  21 . 
     In one embodiment, the network device  12  uses the SaaS service  64  to manually select and/or manually create one or more ALA templates  35  from the network device  12 . Such an embodiment allows direct customization of ALA information for the BOM  23  and corresponding customization of the Critical Path Method (CPM)—Work Time Schedule (WTS)  37 / 230  and cost estimate report  236  information. 
     In such an embodiment, the network device  12  uses the SaaS service  64  to display and filter a list of ALAs, then select from that filtered list to assign the ALAs to the filtered BOM Items  150 - 166 . An ALA selection dialog box also indicates which ALAs have already been assigned and the number of BOM Items assigned to each ALA. 
     In such an embodiment, the network device  12  uses the SaaS service  64  to manually review the ALAs  202  assigned to BOM items in each Building Category  198  and review the ALAs  202  to determine which have  206  been assigned or have not  208  yet been assigned for quality assurance purposes. 
     The SaaS service  64  also allows the network device  12  to visually and manually assign ALAs to BOM items using a custom interface available from BOM application  30  within the BIM modeling program  19 . 
     However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment and the invention is practiced automatically without the completion of any manual steps completed by the network device  12 . 
     In another embodiment, the SaaS service  64  uses an Artificial Intelligence (AI) service component at Steps  188  and  190  to automatically create and/or select and populate the ALA templates  35 . However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment and other embodiments can be used to practice the invention without AI. 
     “Artificial intelligence (AI),” sometimes called “machine intelligence,” is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence displayed by humans and other animals. AI is defined as the study of “intelligent agents” and includes any device that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of successfully achieving its goals. The term “artificial intelligence”′ is applied when a machine mimics “cognitive” functions that humans associate with other human minds, such as “learning” and “problem solving.” 
     In  FIG. 12B  at Step  192 , the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  filters the plural populated ALA templates  35  to include only ALA information from the ALA templates  35  for the plural desired BOM items  150 - 166 . 
     At Step  194 , the ALA information in the plural of populated ALAs associated with a particular BIM or set of BOM Items  35  is grouped into a first quality assurance category including ALA information that has been assigned  206  to any of the plurality of desired BOM items  150 - 166  and into a second quality assurance category including ALA information that has not yet been assigned  208  to any BOM item  150 - 166  in the automatically created BOM  23 . 
       FIG. 14  is a block diagram  210  illustrating exemplary plural Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs) items  212 . The ALA items  212 , include, but are not limited to, Trade  214  (e.g., drywall, etc.), Assembly Labor Activity  216  (e.g., sand drywall, etc.), Quantity  218  (e.g., 13,528, etc.) Unit  220  (e.g., square feet, etc.), Crew Size  222  (e.g., 12, etc.) Blended Rate  224  (e.g., dollars per hour, etc.), Productivity Rate  226  (e.g., hours per unit, etc.) and/or Duration  228  (e.g., hours, etc.). However, the present invention is not limited these exemplary ALAs, and more, fewer and/or other ALAs can be used to practice the invention. 
     In one embodiment, Step  174  in  FIG. 11  is completed with Method  182  in  FIG. 12 . However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment and other embodiments can be used to practice the invention and other methods can be used to complete Step  174 . 
       FIG. 15  is a block diagram  229  illustrating an exemplary ALA cost estimate report  37  including an exemplary graphical Critical Path Method (CPM)—Work Time Schedule (WTS)  230 . The graphical CPM-WTS allows visual interpretation of the information including scheduling time frame information  231 . 
       FIG. 16  is a block diagram  232  illustrating an exemplary CPM-WTS  37 / 222  cost estimate report  234 . The cost estimate report  234 , includes, but is not limited to, field including Description  236 , Unit Cost  238 , Quantity  240 , Unit  242 , Waste Factor  244  and/or Total Cost items  246 . However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment and more, fewer and/or other items can be used in the cost estimate report  226  to practice the invention. 
     Returning to  FIG. 11B  at Step  176 , the network device  12  requests in real-time from the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  via the cloud communications network  18 , a Critical Path Method (CPM)—Work Time Schedule (WTS)  37 / 230  be created from the automatically created BOM  23  and automatically created and selected ALA templates  35 . The CPM-WTS  37 / 230  includes a cost estimate report  234  for building the desired physical structure  21  created by automatically calculating labor costs using labor productivity information and labor rates stored in a database  22 ′ and using crew size and delay information (e.g., materials, weather, etc.) by the SaaS service  64  on the cloud communications network  18 . 
     Using the labor productivity information, crew size information and delay information captured and stored in the database  22 ′ on the cloud server network device, the quantities from the BOM  23  Items  150 - 166 , ALA durations can be automatically calculated. These calculations along with predecessor and successor information related to the ALA Templates  35 , are used to automatically create the CPM-WTS  37 / 230 . 
     In another embodiment, the ALA Templates  35  include cost, resource and duration information along with the predecessor and successor information and can be used independently of BOM  23  Items  150 - 166 . 
     Returning to  FIG. 11C  at Step  178 , the network device  12  requests for a pre-determined time period (e.g., one day, one week, one month, etc.) that an interactive messaging system  39  query the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  via the cloud communications network  18  to determine: (1) which ALA items  204  for the BOM  23  are scheduled to occur for a specific timeframe in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230 , (2) the scheduled crew size for trades that will complete the ALA items  212 , (3) contact information for contractors, subcontractors, suppliers or inspectors that will supply labor, materials or non-construction activities (e.g., inspections, permit acquisition, etc.) associated with the scheduled ALA items  204  for the BOM  23 , and (4) electronic instructional text, audio or visual information, or electronic links thereto, for installing the scheduled ALA items  212  for the BOM  23  in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230 . 
       FIG. 17  is a block diagram  248  illustrating exemplary electronic messages  250 ,  250 ′  250 ″ sent by the interactive messaging system  39  for ALA items  212 . In  FIG. 17 , the exemplary electronic messages  250 ,  250 ′,  250 ″ are exemplary text messages. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment other types of electronic messages can also be used to practice the invention. 
     Returning to  FIG. 11C  at Step  180 , the network device  12  requests for the pre-determined time period that the interactive messaging system  39  sends one or more electronic messages  250 ,  250 ′  250 ″ to one or more other mobile network devices  14 ,  16  with one or more processors for the contractors  290  ( FIG. 23 ) (e.g. Bob Anderson, etc.), subcontractors, suppliers, inspectors or other parties that will supply labor, materials or non-construction activities associated with the scheduled ALA items  212  for the BOM  23 , the one or more electronic messages including which ALA items  212  for the BOM  23  are scheduled to occur for a specific timeframe  250  (e.g., Tuesday, etc.) in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230  and electronic instructional text, audio or visual information, or the electronic links thereto  251 , for installing the scheduled ALA items  212  for the BOM  23  in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230 , thereby, with the ALA items for the BOM scheduled to occur for the specific timeframe in the CPM-WTS  37 / 320 , further reducing risk, further reducing costs and ensuring another trackable levels of time and of quality for the builders of the desired physical structure. In  FIG. 17 , for example exemplary builder Bob Anderson  290  responds with a confirmation text message  250 ″ (e.g., Will do, etc.). 
     In one embodiment, Method  168  includes the additional steps of: (1) displaying on a display component  34  on the network device  12  from the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  via the cloud communications network  18  the automatically created BOM  23  with the scheduled ALA items  212  and the CPM-WTS  37 / 230 ; and (2) automatically updating in real-time the CPM-WTS  37 / 230  on the display component  34  on the network device  12  with actual labor productivity information, crew size information and delay information collected from a job site for the desired physical structure  21  to predict any schedule impacts for building the desired physical structure  21  and to optimize information in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230 . However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. 
     In such an exemplary embodiment in  FIG. 11C  at Step  180  the interactive messaging system  39  also sends one or more progress status electronic messages  250  to one or more other mobile network devices  14 ,  16  with one or more processors for the contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, inspectors or other parties that will supply labor, materials or non-construction activities associated with the scheduled ALA items  212  for the BOM  23 , the one or more trade specific crew size electronic  250 ′″ requesting crew size information for ALA items  212  (e.g., hanging drywall, etc.) for the BOM  23  that are scheduled to occur for the specific timeframe in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230 . 
     In one embodiment, if a crew size returned in a messages from does not match a scheduled crew size, contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, inspectors or other parties that will supply labor, materials or non-construction activities associated with the scheduled ALA items  212  for the BOM  23 , the interactive messages system  39  sends another message to request a response from the contractor, subcontractor, supplier, inspector or others with the course of action to maintain the schedule in CPM-WTS  37 / 230 . 
       FIGS. 18A and 18B  are a flow diagram illustrating a Method  252  for automatically creating Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs). In  FIG. 18A  at Step  254 , the interactive messaging system sends one or more process status electronic messages to one or more other mobile network devices with one or more processors for the contractors. subcontractors or suppliers that will supply labor or materials associated with the scheduled ALA items for the BOM, the one or more process status electronic message including requests for trade specific crew size information and requesting progress updates for ALA items for the BOM that are scheduled to occur for the specific timeframe in the CPM-WTS. At Step  256 , one or more process status response electronic messages are received on the SaaS service on the cloud server network device via the cloud communications network from the interactive messaging system indicating a current crew size for each trade associated with ALA items for the BOM that are scheduled to occur for the specific timeframe in the CPM-WTS. At Step  257 , a test is conducted to determine whether the current crew size matches a scheduled crew size for each trade associated with ALA items for the BOM that are scheduled to occur for the specific timeframe in the CPM-WTS. In  FIG. 18B , If the current crew size does not match the scheduled crew size, at Step  258  the SaaS service on the cloud server network device requests the interactive message service send one or more schedule correction messages to request a response from the contractor, subcontractor or supplier with a new course of action to maintain a time schedule for the ALA items for which a time schedule is being impacted. At Step  259 , the SaaS service on the cloud server network device automatically updates in real-time the CPM-WTS the SaaS service on the cloud server network device with actual crew size information and delay information from the one or more process status response electronic messages collected from a job site for the desired physical structure to predict any schedule impacts for building the desired physical structure and to optimize information in the CPM-WTS. 
     Method  252  is illustrated with an exemplary embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment and other embodiment can be used to practice the invention. 
     In such an exemplary embodiment in  FIG. 18A  at Step  254 , the interactive messaging system  39  sends one or more process status electronic messages  262 ,  262   a ,  262   b  to one or more other mobile network devices  14 ,  16  with one or more processors for the contractors, subcontractors and/or suppliers that will supply labor or materials associated with the scheduled ALA items  212  for the BOM  23 , the one or more process status electronic message including requests for trade specific crew size information  262   c  and requesting progress updates  264 ,  264   a ,  264   b  for ALA items  212  for the BOM  23  that are scheduled to occur for the specific timeframe in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230 . 
     At Step  256 , one or more process status response electronic messages  264 ,  264   a    264   b  are received on the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  via the cloud communications network  18  from the interactive messaging system  39  indicating a current crew size  264   a  (e.g., 7 drywall hanger crew members, etc.) for each trade associated with ALA items  212  for the BOM  23  that are scheduled to occur for the specific timeframe in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230 . 
     At Step  257 , a test is conducted to determine whether the current crew size matches a scheduled crew size for each trade associated with ALA items  212  for the BOM  23  that are scheduled to occur for the specific timeframe in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230 . 
     For example, in  FIG. 14 , the ALA items  212  required a scheduled crew size  222  of twelve drywall hangers. In  FIG. 19 , the contractor indicated he had a current crew size of seven in his response message  264   b . The crew size numbers do not match in this example. 
     In  FIG. 18B  If the current crew size does not match the scheduled crew size, then at Step  258  the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  requests the interactive message service  39  send one or more schedule correction messages  262   c  to request a response from the contractor, subcontractor or suppliers with a new course of action to maintain a time schedule any of the ALA items  212  for which the time schedule is being impacted. 
     At Step  259 , the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  automatically updates in real-time the CPM-WTS  37 / 230  with actual crew size information  222  and time delay information from the one or more process status response electronic messages  264 ,  264   a .  264   b  collected from a job site for the desired physical structure  21  to predict any schedule impacts for building the desired physical structure  21  and to optimize information in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230 . 
       FIG. 19  is a block diagram  260  illustrating exemplary one or more progress status electronic messages  262 ,  262   a ,  262   b  sent by the interactive messaging system  39  for ALA items  212 . In  FIG. 19 , the exemplary one or more progress status electronic messages  262  (e.g., What percent complete is task: hang drywall, etc.),  262   a , (e.g., What percent is task: interior stairs stringers, etc.)  262   b  (e.g., Thank you . . . , etc.) are exemplary text messages sent to a contractor at Step  254 . However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment other types of electronic messages can also be used to practice the invention. 
     If the schedule progress varies from the scheduled amount, the interactive messaging system  39  sends a message  276   a  requesting the cause of the schedule impact. These causes may include, but are not limited to, resources (e.g., crew, etc.) material, weather, coordination and/or other reason. This approach provides exception reporting where the interactive messaging system  39  is used to capture and store information on what did not go as planned via the SaaS service  64 . This information is used to analyze the cause of schedule impacts and to optimize future performance. 
     Messages  264  (e.g., 66 percent, etc.) and  264 ′ (e.g., 99 percent, etc.) are received at Step  256  and used to updated and optimize information in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230  at Step  258 . 
     In one embodiment, the one more electronic messages  262 ,  262   a ,  262   b ,  264 ,  264   a ,  264   b ,  264   c  include voice messages, text messages, direct message messages, instant messages, social media messages and/or e-mail messages. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment and more, fewer and/or other types of electronic messages can be used to practice the invention. 
       FIG. 20  is a flow diagram illustrating a Method  266  for automatically creating Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs). At Step  268 , a predictive analysis is conducted on the SaaS service on the cloud server network device to determine if activity for an ALA item is trending ahead or behind schedule. At Step  270 , a trend message is sent from the SaaS service on the cloud server network device to the interactive message system to notify contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, inspectors or other parties the activity for an ALA item is trending ahead or behind schedule. At Step  272 , the interactive messaging system. sends one or more trending status electronic messages to one or more other mobile network devices with one or more processors for the contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, inspectors or other parties that one or more scheduled activities for one or more ALA items is trending ahead or behind schedule for the specific timeframe in the CPM-WTS. 
     Method  266  is illustrated with an exemplary embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment and other embodiment can be used to practice the invention. 
     In such an exemplary embodiment in  FIG. 20  at Step  268 , a predictive analysis is conducted on the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  to determine if activity for an ALA item  212  is trending ahead or behind schedule. 
     “Predictive analysis” analytics is a form of advanced analytics that uses both new and historical data to forecast activity, behavior and trends. It involves applying statistical analysis techniques, analytical queries and automated machine learning algorithms to data sets to create predictive models that place a numerical value, or score, on the likelihood of a particular event happening. 
     In one embodiment, the predictive analysis includes an Artificial Intelligence (AI) predictive analysis. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment and other types of predictive analysis can be used to practice the invention. 
     At Step  270 , a trend message  276  is sent from the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  to the interactive message system  39  to notify contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, inspectors or other parties the activity for an ALA item  212  is trending ahead or behind schedule. 
     At Step  272 , the interactive messaging system  39  sends one or more trending status electronic messages  276  to one or more other mobile network devices  14 ,  16  with one or more processors for the contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, inspectors or other parties that one or more scheduled activities for one or more ALA items  212  is trending ahead or behind schedule for the specific timeframe in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230 . In one embodiment the one or more trending status electronic messages include a request for more information message  276   a  as to a source of any delay for a scheduled ALA task including, but not limited to, crew (i.e., resources, etc.), materials, weather, coordination, other, etc. Such information is used to further update the CPM-WTS  37 / 230  in real-time and further update any observed trends. 
       FIG. 21  is a block diagram  274  illustrating exemplary electronic message  276  sent by the interactive messaging system  39  for Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs) items that trending ahead or behind schedule for the specific timeframe in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230  (e.g., 50% on scheduled for the day, 92% on schedule, trending down, etc.). 
       FIG. 22  is a flow diagram illustrating a Method  278  for automatically creating Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs). At Step  280 , the SaaS service on the cloud server network device creates plural electronic profiles for a contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, inspectors or other parties associated with one or more of the ALA activities in the CPM-WTS. At Step  282 , the plural electronic profiles are stored from the SaaS service on the cloud server network device in the database on the cloud communications network. At Step  284 , the plural electronic profiles are updated in real-time from the SaaS service on the cloud server network device for the contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, inspectors or other parties with work history information, productivity information, trend information and rating information associated with one or more of the ALA activities in the CPM-WTS. At Step  286 , the SaaS service on the cloud server network device provides access to plural client network devices and server network devices, each with one or more processors, via the cloud communications network access to the plural electronic profiles for the contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, inspectors or other parties associated with one or more of the ALA activities in the CPM-WTS. 
     Method  278  is illustrated with an exemplary embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment and other embodiment can be used to practice the invention. 
     In such an exemplary embodiment in  FIG. 22  at Step  280 , the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  automatically creates plural electronic profiles  290  for contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, inspectors or other parties associated with one or more of the ALA activities in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230 . 
     In another embodiment, the contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, inspectors or other parties associated with one or more of the ALA activities in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230  manually create their own profiles via their own mobile network device  14 ,  16  via the SaaS  64  and the cloud communications network  18 . In such and embodiment, the plural electronic profiles created manually are updated in real-time from the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  for the contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, inspectors or other parties with work history information, productivity information, trend information and rating information associated with one or more of the ALA activities in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230 . 
     However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment and other embodiments can be used to practice the invention without manual creation of any profiles. 
     At Step  282 , the plural electronic profiles  290  are stored from the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device in the database  22 ′ on the cloud communications network  18 . 
     At Step  284 , the plural electronic profiles  90  are updated in real-time from the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  for the contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, inspectors or other parties with work history information, productivity information, trend information and rating information associated with one or more of the ALA activities in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230 . 
     At Step  286 , the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  provides access to plural client network devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  and server network devices  20 ,  24 ,  26 , each with one or more processors, via the cloud communications network  18  and other networks such as the Internet  18 , allowing access to the plural electronic profiles for the contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, inspectors or other parties associated with one or more of the ALA activities in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230 . 
       FIG. 23  is a block diagram  288  illustrating exemplary electronic profile  290  (e.g., builder Bob Anderson, etc.) created for parties associated with Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs) items  212 . However, the present invention is not limited to the profile information displayed, and more, fewer or other types of profile information in the electronic profiles can be used to practice the invention. 
     In one embodiment, anytime the SaaS service updates the CPM-WTS  37 / 230 , the SaaS service  64  copies information BOM  23  with ALA items  212  and/or information in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230  to a Blockchain to securely store the information from the CMP-WTS  37 / 230 . However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment and the invention can be practiced without using Blockchains. 
       FIGS. 24A and 24B  are a flow diagram illustrating a Method  292  for automatically creating Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs). In  FIG. 24A  at Step  294 , the interactive messaging system sends one or more progress status electronic messages to one or more other mobile network devices with one or more processors for the contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, inspectors or other parties that will supply labor, materials or non-construction activities associated with the scheduled ALA items for the BOM, the one or more progress status electronic messages requesting progress updates for ALA items for the BOM that are scheduled to occur for a specific timeframe in the CPM-WTS. At Step  296 , one or more process status response electronic messages are received on the SaaS service on the cloud server network device via the cloud communications network from the interactive messaging system indicating progress updates for ALA items for the BOM that are scheduled to occur for the specific timeframe in the CPM-WTS. At Step  298 , the SaaS service on the cloud server network device automatically updates in real-time the CPM-WTS with actual labor productivity information from the one or more process status response electronic messages collected from a job site for the desired physical structure to predict any schedule impacts for building the desired physical structure and to optimize information in the CPM-WTS. In  FIG. 24B  at Step  300 , a test is conducted on the SaaS service on the cloud server network device to determine from the process updates whether updates for ALA items for the BOM that are scheduled to occur for the specific timeframe vary from the scheduled amount. If then ALA items for the BOM that are scheduled to occur for the specific timeframe vary from the scheduled amount, then at Step  302 , the SaaS service on the cloud server network device requests the interactive messaging system send one or more additional process status response electronic messages requesting one or more causes of the schedule impact for ALA items for the BOM that are scheduled to occur for the specific timeframe, where the scheduling impact causes include resources, including crew size resources, materials, weather, coordination and other schedule impacts. At Step  304 , one or more additional process status response electronic messages are received on the SaaS service on the cloud server network device via the cloud communications network from the interactive messaging system indicating one or more actual causes for the schedule impact for ALA items for the BOM that are scheduled to occur for the specific timeframe in the CPM-WTS. At Step  306 , the SaaS service on the cloud server network device automatically updates in real-time the CPM-WTS with the one or more actual causes for schedule impact from the one or more process status response electronic messages collected from a job site for the desired physical structure to predict any schedule impacts for building the desired physical structure and to optimize information in the CPM-WTS. 
     Method  292  is illustrated with an exemplary embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment and other embodiment can be used to practice the invention. 
     In such an exemplary embodiment in  FIG. 24A  at Step  294 , the interactive messaging system  39  sends one or more progress status electronic messages  262 ,  262   a ,  262   b ,  276  to one or more other mobile network devices  14 ,  16 , with one or more processors for the contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, inspectors or other parties that will supply labor, materials or non-construction activities associated with the scheduled ALA items  212  for the BOM  23 , the one or more progress status electronic messages requesting progress updates for ALA items  212  for the BOM  23  that are scheduled to occur for a specific timeframe  231  in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230 . 
     At Step  296 , one or more process status response electronic messages  264 ,  264   a ,  264   b , are received on the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  via the cloud communications network  18  from the interactive messaging system  39  indicating progress updates for ALA items  212  for the BOM  39  that are scheduled to occur for the specific timeframe  231  in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230 . 
     At Step  298 , the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  automatically updates in real-time the CPM-WTS  37 / 230  with actual labor productivity including crew size information  264   b  from the one or more process status response electronic messages collected from a job site for the desired physical structure  21  to predict any schedule impacts for building the desired physical structure  21  and to optimize information in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230 . 
     In  FIG. 24B  at Step  300 , a test is conducted on the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  to determine from the from the one or more process status response electronic messages whether updates for ALA items  212  for the BOM  23  that are scheduled to occur for the specific timeframe  231  vary from the scheduled amount. 
     If then ALA items  212  for the BOM  23  that are scheduled to occur for the specific timeframe  231  vary from the scheduled amount, then at Step  302 , the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  requests the interactive messaging system  39  send one or more additional process status response electronic messages  262   b ,  276   a  requesting one or more causes of the schedule impact for ALA items  212  for the BOM  23  that are scheduled to occur for the specific timeframe  231 , where the scheduling impact causes include resources, including crew size resources, materials, weather, coordination and other schedule impacts. 
     At Step  304 , one or more additional process status response electronic messages  262   c ,  276   a  are received on the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  via the cloud communications network  18  from the interactive messaging system  39  indicating one or more actual causes for the schedule impact for ALA items  212  for the BOM  23  that are scheduled to occur for the specific timeframe  231  in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230 . 
     At Step  306 , the SaaS service  64  on the cloud server network device  22  automatically updates in real-time the CPM-WTS  37 / 320  with the one or more actual causes for schedule impact from the one or more process status response electronic messages  262   c ,  276   a  collected from a job site for the desired physical structure  21  to predict any schedule impacts for building the desired physical structure  21  and to optimize information in the CPM-WTS  37 / 230 . 
     A method and system for automatically creating and assigning Assembly Labor Activities (ALAs) to a Bill of Materials (BOM) is presented herein. ALA templates are used to automatically populate ALAs associated with a particular BIM or set of BOM Items including labor activities, and other construction related activities, required to build a desired physical structure (e.g., building, etc.). A Critical Path Method (CPM)—Work Time Schedule (WTS) is automatically created from the selected ALA templates for the BOM. The CPM-WTS for building the desired physical structure is created by automatically calculating labor costs and labor productivity using crew size information from the BOM and CPM-WTS are used to automatically create a Cost Estimate. An interactive messaging system is used with the SaaS service to send mobile messages for scheduled ALAs, requesting productivity information each day for each scheduled ALA and showing productivity trends for contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, inspectors or other parties associated with one or more of the ALA activities in the CPM-WTS. Plural ALA profiles are created by the SaaS service for the contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, inspectors or other parties including work history and performance data. The plural profiles are made available to other parties by SaaS service. 
     In view of the wide variety of embodiments to which the principles of the present invention can be applied, it should be understood that the illustrated embodiments are exemplary only, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention. For example, the steps of the flow diagrams may be taken in sequences other than those described, and more or fewer elements may be used in the block diagrams. 
     While various elements of the preferred embodiments have been described as being implemented in software, in other embodiments hardware and/or firmware implementations may alternatively be used, and vice-versa. 
     The claims should not be read as limited to the described order or elements unless stated to that effect. In addition, use of the term “means” in any claim is intended to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112, paragraph 6, and any claim without the word “means” is not so intended. Therefore, all embodiments that come within the scope and spirit of the following claims and equivalents thereto are claimed as the invention.