Patent Publication Number: US-2023152122-A1

Title: Wireless infrastructure setup and asset tracking, and method thereof

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 63/279,332, titled “Improved User Interface and System for Wireless Infrastructure Setup and Asset Tracking, and Method thereof,” filed Nov. 15, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Graphical user interfaces for tracking systems often include maps for guiding users to an object or location. However, typical maps used may not be granular enough to be useful when the user is within a close proximity. Additionally, maps, such as those that are based on satellite imagery, or those for a large area, may not include details of indoor areas or fine details for a layout of an area. It may also be difficult to illustrate the exact location of an object or location in a graphical user interface. 
     SUMMARY 
     A user interface, method, and system thereof for mapping infrastructure nodes and locating assets in an environment is disclosed. The user interface includes a mapping interface and a locating interface. The locating interface displays locations and detection regions of wireless nodes that have performed wireless communications with an asset node attached to an asset that is being searched for. 
     In one embodiment, a method includes: receiving an image of at least part of an environmental layout; receiving at least two geographic feature locations associated with the image; determining at least two geographic locations each corresponding to a respective one of the at least two geographic feature locations; determining a map scale for the images based on the at least two geographic feature locations and the at least two geographic locations; and wherein the map scale allows conversion between points on the image and geographic locations. 
     In another embodiment, a method includes: receiving an image captured by a user device of at least part of an environmental layout; generating, based on the image, a geographic layout associated with an area depicted in the image; and outputting the geographic layout for use in a client device interface. 
     In another embodiment, a method includes: determining a tracking node corresponding to an asset to be found; identifying at least one infrastructure node having communicated with the tracking node; determining, for each of the at least one infrastructure node, a communication recency between the infrastructure node and the tracking node, wherein a priority order of values for the communication recency from highest to lowest is: current communication, recently communicated, and past communication; retrieving an infrastructure location for each of the at least one infrastructure node; retrieving at least part of a geographic layout based on the infrastructure location; generating a locating interface based on the at least part of the geographic layout; generating a node graphical element for each of the at least one infrastructure node, wherein a characteristic of the node graphical element is based on the communication recency; and overlaying the node graphical element on the locating interface based on the infrastructure location. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         FIG.  1    is a schematic illustrating one example adhesive tape-agent platform used to seal a package for shipment, in embodiments. 
         FIG.  2    is a schematic illustrating a non-adhesive surface of a segment of the adhesive tape agent platform of  FIG.  1   , in embodiments. 
         FIG.  3    shows one example adhesive tape platform that includes a set of adhesive tape platform segments on a backing sheet, in embodiments. 
         FIG.  4    is a block diagram illustrating components of an example wireless transducing circuit that includes one or more wireless communication modules, in embodiments. 
         FIG.  5    is a top view of a portion of an example flexible adhesive tape platform illustrating a first segment and a portion of a second segment, in embodiments. 
         FIGS.  6 A-C  are schematic diagrams illustrating cross-sectional side views of portions of example segments of three types of flexible adhesive tape agent platforms, in embodiments. 
         FIG.  7 A  is a schematic diagram illustrating an adhesive tracking product with a first example wake circuit that delivers power from an energy source to the tracking circuit in response to an event, in embodiments. 
         FIG.  7 B  is a schematic diagram illustrating an adhesive tracking product with a second example wake circuit that delivers power from an energy source to the tracking circuit in response to an event. 
         FIG.  7 C  is a diagrammatic cross-sectional front view of an example adhesive tape platform and a perspective view of an example asset, in embodiments. 
         FIG.  8    is a schematic illustrating an example network communications environment that includes a network supporting communications between servers, mobile gateways, a stationary gateway, and various types of tape nodes associated with various assets, in embodiments. 
         FIG.  9    is a schematic illustrating one example hierarchical wireless communications network of tape nodes, in embodiments. 
         FIG.  10    is a flowchart illustrating one example method of creating a hierarchical communications network, in embodiments. 
         FIG.  11 A  shows a node (Node A) associated with a package (Package A), in embodiments. 
         FIG.  11 B  shows a node (Node C) associated with a package (Package C), in embodiments. 
         FIG.  11 C  shows a pallet associated with a master node that includes a low-power communications interface, a GPS receiver, and a cellular communications interface, in embodiments. 
         FIG.  12    is a schematic illustrating a truck configured as a mobile node, or mobile hub, with a cellular communications interface, a medium-power communications interface, and a low power communications interface, in embodiments. 
         FIG.  13    is a schematic illustrating a master node associated with a logistic item that is grouped together with other logistic items associated with peripheral nodes, in embodiments. 
         FIGS.  14 - 17    are schematic diagrams showing one example process of uploading an image of a portion of an environmental layout to a tracking system database for use in mapping and locating user interfaces, according to some embodiments. 
         FIG.  18    is a schematic diagram illustrating one example technique for determining a scale for image, where each geographic feature (e.g., corners of building) is matched to corresponding features shown within a geographic map (e.g., a street plan, a satellite view, etc.). 
         FIG.  19    is a flowchart illustrating one example method for determining a map scale for image of at least a portion of displayed environmental layout, in embodiments. 
         FIG.  20    is a data flow diagram illustrating example data movement to update and/or define location and radius of added infrastructure nodes, in embodiments. 
         FIG.  21 A  is a schematic of building of  FIG.  14    showing example positions for four infrastructure nodes, in embodiments. 
         FIG.  21 B  shows one example mapping display (e.g., as displayed by client device) and illustrating at least part of infrastructure data corresponding to building of  FIG.  14   , in embodiments. 
         FIG.  22    shows one example mapping display (e.g., as displayed by client device) showing at least part of infrastructure data corresponding to building of  FIG.  14    and illustrating one example augmented detection range graphical element for the node graphical element, in embodiments. 
         FIG.  23    is a data flow diagram illustrating one example training configuration for training a mapping machine learning model to automatically scale, orient, and reference a environmental layout image to a geographic map, in embodiments. 
         FIG.  24    is a data flow diagram illustrating example use of the trained mapping machine learning model of  FIG.  23    within the mapping engine of  FIG.  17   , in embodiments. 
         FIG.  25    is a schematic illustrating one example mapping interface showing an environmental layout, a map scale, infrastructure node representations, and their corresponding detection ranges, in embodiments. 
         FIG.  26    is a flowchart illustrating one example method for overlaying a scaled version of a detection region of an infrastructure node on an image of a portion of a environmental layout in a mapping user interface, in embodiments. 
         FIG.  27    shows one example locating interface that is generated by mapping engine of  FIG.  17    to aid user in locating tracking node, and thereby asset, in embodiments. 
         FIG.  28    shows one example locating interface that is similar to locating interface of  FIG.  27    but where mapping engine has hidden less important detection range graphical elements, in embodiments. 
         FIG.  29    shows one example locating interface that is similar to locating interface of  FIG.  28    but where mapping engine only highlights overlap area of detection range graphical elements in the translucent color (e.g., green), in embodiments. 
         FIG.  30    shows one example locating interface that is similar to locating interface of  FIG.  29    but where mapping engine further hides detection range graphical elements, leaving only overlap area in translucent color, in embodiments. 
         FIGS.  31 A and  31 B  show example proximity searching interfaces, respectively, for indicating proximity of client device to tracking node of asset, in embodiments. 
         FIG.  32    is a global locating interface for locating an asset anywhere in the world, in embodiments. 
         FIG.  33    shows one example computer apparatus that, either alone or in combination with one or more other computing apparatus, is operable to implement one or more of the computer systems described in this specification, in embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     The present invention is not limited in any way to the illustrated embodiments. Instead, the illustrated embodiments described below are merely examples of the invention. Therefore, the structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be construed as limiting the claims. The disclosure merely provides bases for the claims and representative examples that enable one skilled in the art to make and use the claimed inventions. Furthermore, the terms and phrases used herein are intended to provide a comprehensible description of the invention without being limiting. 
     In the following description, like reference numbers are used to identify like elements. Furthermore, the drawings are intended to illustrate major features of exemplary embodiments in a diagrammatic manner. The drawings are not intended to depict every feature of actual embodiments nor relative dimensions of the depicted elements and are not drawn to scale. 
     In some contexts, the term “agent” may refer to a “node”, and an “agent” or “node” may be adhesively applied to a surface and denoted as a “tape node” or “tape agent”. These terms may be used interchangeably, depending on the context. Further, the “agent” or “node” may have two forms of hierarchy: one depending on the functionality of the “agent” or “node”, such as the range of a wireless communication interface, and another depending on which “agent” or “node” may control another “agent” or “node”. For example, an agent with a low-power wireless-communication interface may be referred to a “master agent”. 
     In some embodiments, a low-power wireless communication interface may have a first wireless range and be operable to implement one or more protocols including Zigbee, near-field communication (NFC), Bluetooth Low Energy, Bluetooth Classic, Wi-Fi, and ultra-wideband. For example, the low-power wireless-communication interface may have a range of between 0 and 300 meters or farther, depending on the implemented protocol. The communication interface implementation, e.g., Zigbee or Bluetooth Low Energy, may be selected based upon the distance of communication between the low-power wireless-communication interface and the recipient, and/or a remaining battery level of the low-power wireless-communication interface. 
     An agent with a medium-power wireless communication-interface may be referred to as a “secondary agent”. The medium-power wireless communication interface may have a second wireless range and be operable to implement one or more protocols including Zigbee, Bluetooth Low Energy interface, LoRa. For example, the medium-power wireless-communication interface may have a range of between 0 and 20 kilometers. The communication interface implementation, e.g., Zigbee, Bluetooth Low Energy, or LoRa, may be selected based upon the distance of communication between the medium-power wireless-communication interface and the recipient, and/or a remaining battery level of the medium-power wireless-communication interface. 
     An agent with a high-power wireless communication-interface may be referred to as a “tertiary agent”. The high-power wireless communication interface may have a third wireless range and be operable to implement one or more protocols including Zigbee, Bluetooth Low Energy, LoRa, Global System for Mobile Communication, General Packet Radio Service, cellular, near-field communication, and radio-frequency identification. For example, the high-power wireless-communication interface may have a global range, where the high-power wireless-communication interface may communicate with any electronic device implementing a similar communication protocol. The communication interface protocol selected may depend on the distance of communication between the high-power wireless-communication interface and a recipient, and/or a remaining battery level of the high-power wireless-communication interface. 
     In some examples, a secondary agent may also include a low-power wireless-communication interface and a tertiary agent may also include low and medium-power wireless-communication interfaces, as discussed below with reference to  FIGS.  6 A-C  and/or  11 A-C. Further continuing the example, a “master agent”, a “secondary agent”, or a “tertiary agent” may refer to a “master tape node”, a “secondary tape node”, or a “tertiary tape node”. 
     With regard to the second form of hierarchy, the “agent”, “node”, “tape agent”, and “tape node”, may be qualified as a parent, child, or master, depending on whether a specific “agent” or “node” controls another “agent” or “node”. For example, a master-parent agent controls the master-child agent and a secondary or tertiary-parent agent controls a master-child agent. The default, without the qualifier of “parent” or “child” is that the master agent controls the secondary or tertiary agent Further, the “master tape node” may control a “secondary tape node” and a “tertiary tape node”, regardless of whether the master tape node is a parent node. 
     Further, each of the “agents”, “nodes”, “tape nodes”, and “tape agents” may be referred to as “intelligent nodes”, “intelligent tape nodes”, “intelligent tape agents”, and/or “intelligent tape agents” or any variant thereof, depending on the context and, for ease, may be used interchangeably. 
     Further, each of the “agents”, “nodes”, “tape nodes”, and “tape agents” may include flexible or non-flexible form factors unless otherwise specified. Thus, each of the “agents”, “nodes”, “tape nodes”, and “tape agents” include flexible and non-flexible (rigid) form factors, or a combination thereof including flexible components and non-flexible components. 
     An adhesive tape platform includes a plurality of segments that may be separated from the adhesive product (e.g., by cutting, tearing, peeling, or the like) and adhesively attached to a variety of different surfaces to inconspicuously implement any of a wide variety of different wireless communications-based network communications and transducing (e.g., sensing, actuating, etc.) applications. In certain embodiments, each segment of an adhesive tape platform has an energy source, wireless communication functionality, transducing functionality (e.g., sensor and energy harvesting functionality), and processing functionality that enable the segment to perform one or more transducing functions and report the results to a remote server or other computer system directly or through a network (e.g., formed by tape nodes and/or other network components). The components of the adhesive tape platform are encapsulated within a flexible adhesive structure that protects the components from damage while maintaining the flexibility needed to function as an adhesive tape (e.g., duct tape or a label) for use in various applications and workflows. In addition to single function applications, example embodiments also include multiple transducers (e.g., sensing and/or actuating transducers) that extend the utility of the platform by, for example, providing supplemental information and functionality relating characteristics of the state and/or environment of, for example, an article, object, vehicle, or person, over time. 
     Systems and processes for fabricating flexible multifunction adhesive tape platforms in efficient and low-cost ways also are described in US Patent Application Publication No. US-2018-0165568-A1. For example, in addition to using roll-to-roll and/or sheet-to-sheet manufacturing techniques, the fabrication systems and processes are configured to optimize the placement and integration of components within the flexible adhesive structure to achieve high flexibility and ruggedness. These fabrication systems and processes are able to create useful and reliable adhesive tape platforms that may provide local sensing, wireless transmitting, and positioning functionalities. Such functionality together with the low cost of production is expected to encourage the ubiquitous deployment of adhesive tape platform segments and thereby alleviate at least some of the problems arising from gaps in conventional infrastructure coverage that prevent continuous monitoring, event detection, security, tracking, and other logistics applications across heterogeneous environments. 
     As used herein, the term “or” refers an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or.” In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in the specification and claims mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from the context to refer the singular form. 
     The terms “module,” “manager,” “component”, and “unit” refer to hardware, software, or firmware, or a combination thereof. The term “processor” or “computer” or the like includes one or more of: a microprocessor with one or more central processing unit (CPU) cores, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a system-on-chip (SoC), a microcontroller unit (MCU), and an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a memory controller, bus controller, and other components that manage data flow between said processor associated memory, and other components communicably coupled to the system bus. Thus the terms “module,” “manager,” “component”, and “unit” may include computer readable instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the functionality discussed herein with respect to said “module,” “manager,” “component”, and “unit”. 
     Adhesive Tape Agent Platform 
       FIG.  1    is a schematic illustrating one example adhesive tape-agent platform  112 , including wireless transducing circuit  114 , used to seal a package  110  for shipment. In this example, a segment  113  of the adhesive tape-agent platform  112  is dispensed from a roll  116  and affixed to the package  110 . The adhesive tape-agent platform  112  includes an adhesive side  118  and a non-adhesive surface  120 . The adhesive tape-agent platform  112  may be dispensed from the roll  116  in the same way as any conventional packing tape, shipping tape, or duct tape. For example, the adhesive tape-agent platform  112  may be dispensed from the roll  116  by hand, laid across the seam where the two top flaps of the package  110  meet, and cut to a suitable length either by hand or using a cutting instrument (e.g., scissors or an automated or manual tape dispenser). Examples of such tape agents include tape agents having non-adhesive surface  120  that carry one or more coatings or layers (e.g., colored, light reflective, light absorbing, and/or light emitting coatings or layers). Further, the segment  113  may include an identifier  122  (e.g., a QR code, RFID chip, etc.) that may be used to associate the segment  113  with the package  110 , as discussed below. 
       FIG.  2    is a schematic illustrating a non-adhesive surface  120  of the segment  113  of the adhesive tape agent platform  112  of  FIG.  1    including writing or other markings that convey instructions, warnings, or other information to a person or machine (e.g., a bar code reader), or may simply be decorative and/or entertaining. For example, different types of adhesive tape-agent platforms may be marked with distinctive colorations to distinguish one type of adhesive tape agent platform from another. In the illustrated example of  FIG.  2   , the segment  113  of the adhesive tape agent platform  112  includes an identifier  122  (e.g., a two-dimensional bar code, such as a QR Code), written instructions  224  (e.g., “Cut Here”), and an associated cut line  226  that indicates where the user should cut the adhesive tape agent platform  112 . The written instructions  224  and the cut line  226  typically are printed or otherwise marked on the top non-adhesive surface  120  of the adhesive tape agent platform  112  during manufacture. The identifier  122  (e.g., a two-dimensional bar code), on the other hand, may be marked on the non-adhesive surface  120  of the adhesive tape agent platform  112  during the manufacture of the adhesive tape agent platform  112  or, alternatively, may be marked on the non-adhesive surface  120  of the adhesive tape agent platform  112  as needed using, for example, a printer or other marking device. 
     To avoid damaging the functionality of the segments of the adhesive tape agent platform  112 , the cut lines  226  may demarcate the boundaries between adjacent segments at locations that are free of any active components of the wireless transducing circuit  114 . The spacing between the wireless transducing circuit  114  and the cut lines  226  may vary depending on the intended communication, transducing and/or adhesive taping application. In the example illustrated in  FIG.  1   , the length of the adhesive tape-agent platform  112  that is dispensed to seal the package  110  corresponds to a single segment of the adhesive tape-agent platform  112 . In other examples, the length of the adhesive tape-agent platform  112  needed to seal a package or otherwise serve the adhesive function for which the adhesive tape-agent platform  112  is being applied may include multiple segments  113  of the adhesive tape-agent platform  112 , one or more of which segments  113  may be activated upon cutting the length of the adhesive tape-agent platform  112  from the roll  116  and/or applying the segment  113  of the adhesive tape agent platform to the package  110 . 
     In some examples, the wireless transducing circuits  114  embedded in one or more segments  113  of the adhesive tape-agent platform  112  are activated when the adhesive tape agent platform  112  is cut along the cut line  226 . In these examples, the adhesive tape-agent platform  112  includes one or more embedded energy sources (e.g., thin film batteries, which may be printed, or conventional cell batteries, such as conventional watch style batteries, rechargeable batteries, or other energy storage device, such as a super capacitor or charge pump) that supply power to the wireless transducing circuit  114  in one or more segments of the adhesive tape-agent platform  112  in response to being separated from the adhesive tape-agent platform  112  (e.g., along the cut line  226 ). 
     In some examples, each segment  113  of the adhesive tape agent platform  112  includes its own respective energy source. In some embodiments, the energy source is a battery of a type described above, an energy harvesting component or system that harvests energy from the environment, or both. In some of these examples, each energy source is configured to only supply power to the components in its respective adhesive tape platform segment regardless of the number of contiguous segments that are in a given length of the adhesive tape-agent platform  112 . In other examples, when a given length of the adhesive tape agent platform  112  includes multiple segments  113 , the energy sources in the respective segments  113  are configured to supply power to the wireless transducing circuit  114  in all of the segments  113  in the given length of the adhesive tape agent platform  112 . In some of these examples, the energy sources are connected in parallel and concurrently activated to power the wireless transducing circuit  114  in all of the segments  113  at the same time. In other examples, the energy sources are connected in parallel and alternately activated to power the wireless transducing circuit  114  in respective ones of the segments  113  at different time periods, which may or may not overlap. 
       FIG.  3    shows an example adhesive tape platform  330  that includes a set of adhesive tape platform segments  332  each of which includes a respective set of embedded wireless transducing circuit components  334 , and a backing sheet  336  with a release coating that prevents the adhesive segments  332  from adhering strongly to the backing sheet  336 . Adhesive tape platform  330  may represent adhesive tape platform  112  of  FIG.  1   . Each adhesive tape platform segment  332  includes an adhesive side facing the backing sheet  336 , and an opposing non-adhesive side  340 . In this example, a particular segment  332  of the adhesive tape platform  330  has been removed from the backing sheet  336  and affixed to an envelope  344 . Each segment  332  of the adhesive tape platform  330  can be removed from the backing sheet  336  in the same way that adhesive labels can be removed from a conventional sheet of adhesive labels (e.g., by manually peeling a segment  332  from the backing sheet  336 ). In general, the non-adhesive side  340  of the segment  332  may include any type of writing, markings, decorative designs, or other ornamentation. In the illustrated example, the non-adhesive side  340  of the segment  332  includes writing or other markings that correspond to a destination address for the envelope  344 . The envelope  44  also includes a return address  346  and, optionally, a postage stamp or mark  348 . 
     In some examples, segments of the adhesive tape platform  330  are deployed by a human operator. The human operator may be equipped with a mobile phone or other device that allows the operator to authenticate and initialize the adhesive tape platform  330 . In addition, the operator can take a picture of a parcel including the adhesive tape platform and any barcodes associated with the parcel and, thereby, create a persistent record that links the adhesive tape platform  330  to the parcel. In addition, the human operator typically will send the picture to a network service and/or transmit the picture to the adhesive tape platform  330  for storage in a memory component of the adhesive tape platform  330 . 
     In some examples, the wireless transducing circuit components  334  that are embedded in a segment  332  of the adhesive tape platform  330  are activated when the segment  332  is removed from the backing sheet  336 . In some of these examples, each segment  332  includes an embedded capacitive sensing system that can sense a change in capacitance when the segment  332  is removed from the backing sheet  336 . As explained in detail below, a segment  332  of the adhesive tape platform  330  includes one or more embedded energy sources (e.g., thin film batteries, common disk-shaped cell batteries, or rechargeable batteries or other energy storage devices, such as a super capacitor or charge pump) that can be configured to supply power to the wireless transducing circuit components  334  in the segment  332  in response to the detection of a change in capacitance between the segment  332  and the backing sheet  336  as a result of removing the segment  332  from the backing sheet  336 . 
       FIG.  4    shows a block diagram of the components of an example wireless transducing circuit  410  (e.g., an agent) that includes one or more wireless communication modules  412 ,  414 . Each wireless communication module  412 ,  414  includes a wireless communication circuit  413 ,  416 , and an antenna  415 ,  418 , respectively. Each wireless communication circuit  413 ,  416  may represent a receiver or transceiver integrated circuit that implements one or more of GSM/GPRS, Wi-Fi, LoRa, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy, Z-wave, and ZigBee. The wireless transducing circuit  410  also includes a processor  420  (e.g., a microcontroller or microprocessor), a solid-state atomic clock  421 , at least one energy store  422  (e.g., non-rechargeable or rechargeable printed flexible battery, conventional single or multiple cell battery, and/or a super capacitor or charge pump), one or more sensing transducers  424  (e.g., sensors and/or actuators, and, optionally, one or more energy harvesting transducers). In some examples, the conventional single or multiple cell battery may be a watch style disk or button cell battery that is in an associated electrical connection apparatus (e.g., a metal clip) that electrically connects the electrodes of the battery to contact pads on the wireless transducing circuit  410 . 
     Sensing transducers  424  may represent one or more of a capacitive sensor, an altimeter, a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a temperature sensor, a strain sensor, a pressure sensor, a piezoelectric sensor, a weight sensor, an optical or light sensor (e.g., a photodiode or a camera), an acoustic or sound sensor (e.g., a microphone), a smoke detector, a radioactivity sensor, a chemical sensor (e.g., an explosives detector), a biosensor (e.g., a blood glucose biosensor, odor detectors, antibody based pathogen, food, and water contaminant and toxin detectors, DNA detectors, microbial detectors, pregnancy detectors, and ozone detectors), a magnetic sensor, an electromagnetic field sensor, a humidity sensor, a light emitting units (e.g., light emitting diodes and displays), electro-acoustic transducers (e.g., audio speakers), electric motors, and thermal radiators (e.g., an electrical resistor or a thermoelectric cooler). 
     Wireless transducing circuit  410  includes a memory  426  for storing data, such as profile data, state data, event data, sensor data, localization data, security data, and/or at least one unique identifier (ID)  428  associated with the wireless transducing circuit  410 , such as one or more of a product ID, a type ID, and a media access control (MAC) ID. Memory  426  may also store control code  430  that includes machine-readable instructions that, when executed by the processor  420 , cause processor  420  to perform one or more autonomous agent tasks. In certain embodiments, the memory  426  is incorporated into one or more of the processor  420  or sensing transducers  424 . In other embodiments, memory  426  is integrated in the wireless transducing circuit  410  as shown in  FIG.  4   . The control code  430  may implement programmatic functions or program modules that control operation of the wireless transducing circuit  410 , including implementation of an agent communication manager that manages the manner and timing of tape agent communications, a node-power manager that manages power consumption, and a tape agent connection manager that controls whether connections with other nodes are secure connections (e.g., connections secured by public key cryptography) or unsecure connections, and an agent storage manager that securely manages the local data storage on the wireless transducing circuit  410 . In certain embodiments, a node connection manager ensures the level of security required by the end application and supports various encryption mechanisms. In some examples, a tape agent power manager and communication manager work together to optimize the battery consumption for data communication. In some examples, execution of the control code by the different types of nodes described herein may result in the performance of similar or different functions. 
       FIG.  5    is a top view of a portion of an example flexible adhesive tape platform  500  that shows a first segment  502  and a portion of a second segment  504 . Each segment  502 ,  504  of the flexible adhesive tape platform  500  includes a respective set  506 ,  508  of the components of the wireless transducing circuit  410  of  FIG.  4   . The segments  502 ,  504  and their respective sets of components  506 ,  508  typically are identical and configured in the same way. In some other embodiments, however, the segments  502 ,  504  and/or their respective sets of components  506 ,  508  are different and/or configured in different ways. For example, in some examples, different sets of the segments of the flexible adhesive tape platform  500  have different sets or configurations of tracking and/or transducing components that are designed and/or optimized for different applications, or different sets of segments of the flexible adhesive tape platform may have different ornamentations (e.g., markings on the exterior surface of the platform) and/or different (e.g., alternating) lengths. 
     An example method of fabricating the adhesive tape platform 500 according to a roll-to-roll fabrication process is described in connection with FIGS. 6A-6C and as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/842,861, filed Dec. 14, 2017, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     The instant specification describes an example system of adhesive tape platforms (also referred to herein as “tape nodes”) that can be used to implement a low-cost wireless network infrastructure for performing monitoring, tracking, and other asset management functions relating to, for example, parcels, persons, tools, equipment and other physical assets and objects. The example system includes a set of three different types of tape nodes that have different respective functionalities and different respective cover markings that visually distinguish the different tape node types from one another. In one non-limiting example, the covers of the different tape node types are marked with different colors (e.g., white, green, and black). In the illustrated examples, the different tape node types are distinguishable from one another by their respective wireless communications capabilities and their respective sensing capabilities. 
       FIG.  6 A  is a schematic illustrating a cross-sectional side view of a portion of an example segment  640  of a flexible adhesive tape agent platform (e.g., platform  500  of  FIG.  5   ) that includes a respective set of the components of the wireless transducing circuit  410  corresponding to the first tape-agent type (e.g., white). The segment  640  includes an adhesive layer  642 , an optional flexible substrate  644 , and an optional adhesive layer  646  on the bottom surface of the flexible substrate  644 . When the bottom adhesive layer  646  is present, a release liner (not shown) may be (weakly) adhered to the bottom surface of the adhesive layer  646 . In certain embodiments where adhesive layer  646  is included, the adhesive layer  646  is an adhesive (e.g., an acrylic foam adhesive) with a high-bond strength that is sufficient to prevent removal of the segment  640  from a surface on which the adhesive layer  646  is adhered to without destroying the physical or mechanical integrity of the segment  640  and/or one or more of its constituent components. 
     In certain embodiments including the optional flexible substrate  644 , the optional flexible substrate  644  is a prefabricated adhesive tape that includes the adhesive layers  642  and  646  and the optional release liner. In other embodiments including the optional flexible substrate  644 , the adhesive layers  642 ,  646  are applied to the top and bottom surfaces of the flexible substrate  644  during the fabrication of the adhesive tape platform. The adhesive layer  642  may bond the flexible substrate  644  to a bottom surface of a flexible circuit  648 , that includes one or more wiring layers (not shown) that connect the processor  650 , a low-power wireless-communication interface  652  (e.g., a Zigbee, Bluetooth® Low Energy (BLE) interface, or other low power communication interface), a clock and/or a timer circuit  654 , transducing and/or transducer(s)  656  (if present), the memory  658 , and other components in a device layer  660  to each other and to the energy storage device  662  and, thereby, enable the transducing, tracking and other functionalities of the segment  640 . The low-power wireless-communication interface  652  typically includes one or more of the antennas  415 ,  418  and one or more of the wireless communication circuits  413 ,  416  of  FIG.  4   . The segment  640  may further include a flexible cover  690 , an interfacial region  692 , and a flexible polymer layer  694 . 
       FIG.  6 B  shows a cross-sectional side-view of a portion of an example segment  670  of a flexible adhesive tape agent platform (e.g., platform  500  of  FIG.  5   ) that includes a respective set of the components of the wireless transducing circuit  410  corresponding to a second tape-agent type (e.g., green). The segment  670  is similar to the segment  640  shown in  FIG.  6 A  but further includes a medium-power communication-interface  672 ′ (e.g., a LoRa interface) in addition to the low-power communications-interface  652 . The medium-power communication-interface  672 ′ has a longer communication range than the low-power communication-interface  652 ′. In certain embodiments, one or more other components of the segment  670  differ from the segment  640  in functionality or capacity (e.g., larger energy source). The segment  670  may include further components, as discussed above and below with reference to  FIGS.  6 A, and  6 C . 
       FIG.  6 C  shows a cross-sectional side view of a portion of an example segment  680  of the flexible adhesive tape-agent platform that includes a respective set of the components of the wireless transducing circuit  410  corresponding to the third tape-node type (e.g., black). The segment  680  is similar to the segment  670  of  FIG.  6 B , but further includes a high-power communications-interface  682 ″ (e.g., a cellular interface; e.g., GSM/GPRS) in addition to a low-power communications-interface  652 ″, and may include a medium-power communications-interface  672 ″. The high-power communications-interface  682 ″ has a range that provides global coverage to available infrastructure (e.g. the cellular network). In certain embodiments, one or more other components of the segment  680  differ from the segment  670  in functionality or capacity (e.g., larger energy source). 
       FIGS.  6 A- 6 C  show embodiments in which the flexible covers  690 ,  690 ′,  690 ″ of the respective segments  640 ,  670 , and  680  include one or more interfacial regions  692 ,  692 ′,  692 ″ positioned over one or more of the transducers  656 ,  656 ′,  656 ″. In certain embodiments, one or more of the interfacial regions  692 ,  692 ′,  692 ″ have features, properties, compositions, dimensions, and/or characteristics that are designed to improve the operating performance of the platform for specific applications. In certain embodiments, the flexible adhesive tape platform includes multiple interfacial regions  692 ,  692 ′,  692 ″ over respective transducers  656 ,  656 ′,  656 ″, which may be the same or different depending on the target applications. Interfacial regions may represent one or more of an opening, an optically transparent window, and/or a membrane located in the interfacial regions  692 ,  692 ′,  692 ″ of the flexible covers  690 ,  690 ′,  690 ″ that is positioned over the one or more transducers and/or transducers  656 ,  656 ′,  656 ″. Additional details regarding the structure and operation of example interfacial regions  692 ,  692 ′,  692 ″ are described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/680,716, filed Jun. 5, 2018, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/670,712, filed May 11, 2018. 
     In certain embodiments, a planarizing polymer  694 ,  694 ′,  694 ″ encapsulates the respective device layers  660 ,  660 ′,  660 ″ and thereby reduces the risk of damage that may result from the intrusion of contaminants and/or liquids (e.g., water) into the device layer  660 ,  660 ′,  660 ″. The flexible polymer layers  694 ,  694 ′,  694 ″ may also planarize the device layers  660 ,  660 ′,  660 ″. This facilitates optional stacking of additional layers on the device layers  660 ,  660 ′,  660 ″ and also distributes forces generated in, on, or across the segments  640 ,  670 ,  680  so as to reduce potentially damaging asymmetric stresses that might be caused by the application of bending, torquing, pressing, or other forces that may be applied to the segments  640 ,  670 ,  680  during use. In the illustrated example, a flexible cover  690 ,  690 ′,  690 ″ is bonded to the planarizing polymer  694 ,  694 ′,  694 ″ by an adhesive layer (not shown). 
     The flexible cover  690 ,  690 ′,  690 ″ and the flexible substrate  644 ,  644 ′,  644 ″ may have the same or different compositions depending on the intended application. In some examples, one or both of the flexible cover  690 ,  690 ′,  690 ″ and the flexible substrate  644 ,  644 ′,  644 ″ include flexible film layers and/or paper substrates, where the film layers may have reflective surfaces or reflective surface coatings. Compositions for the flexible film layers may represent one or more of polymer films, such as polyester, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and other plastics. The optional adhesive layer on the bottom surface of the flexible cover  690 ,  690 ′,  690 ″ and the adhesive layers  642 ,  642 ′,  642 ″,  646 ,  646 ′,  646 ″ on the top and bottom surfaces of the flexible substrate  644 ,  644 ′,  644 ″ typically include a pressure-sensitive adhesive (e.g., a silicon-based adhesive). In some examples, the adhesive layers are applied to the flexible cover  690 ,  690 ′,  690 ″ and the flexible substrate  644 ,  644 ′,  644 ″ during manufacture of the adhesive tape-agent platform (e.g., during a roll-to-roll or sheet-to-sheet fabrication process). In other examples, the flexible cover  690 ,  690 ′,  690 ″ may be implemented by a prefabricated single-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive tape and the flexible substrate  644 ,  644 ′,  644 ″ may be implemented by a prefabricated double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive tape; both kinds of tape may be readily incorporated into a roll-to-roll or sheet-to-sheet fabrication process. In some examples, the flexible substrate  644 ,  644 ′,  644 ″ is composed of a flexible epoxy (e.g., silicone). 
     In certain embodiments, the energy storage device  662 ,  662 ′,  662 ″ is a flexible battery that includes a printed electrochemical cell, which includes a planar arrangement of an anode and a cathode and battery contact pads. In some examples, the flexible battery may include lithium-ion cells or nickel-cadmium electro-chemical cells. The flexible battery typically is formed by a process that includes printing or laminating the electro-chemical cells on a flexible substrate (e.g., a polymer film layer). In some examples, other components may be integrated on the same substrate as the flexible battery. For example, the low-power wireless-communication interface  652 ,  652 ′,  652 ″ and/or the processor(s)  650 ,  650 ′,  650 ″ may be integrated on the flexible battery substrate. In some examples, one or more of such components also (e.g., the flexible antennas and the flexible interconnect circuits) may be printed on the flexible battery substrate. 
     In examples of manufacture, the flexible circuit  648 ,  648 ′,  648 ″ is formed on a flexible substrate by one or more of printing, etching, or laminating circuit patterns on the flexible substrate. In certain embodiments, the flexible circuit  648 ,  648 ′,  648 ″ is implemented by one or more of a single-sided flex circuit, a double access or back-bared flex circuit, a sculpted flex circuit, a double-sided flex circuit, a multi-layer flex circuit, a rigid flex circuit, and a polymer-thick film flex circuit. A single-sided flexible circuit has a single conductor layer made of, for example, a metal or conductive (e.g., metal filled) polymer on a flexible dielectric film. A double access or back bared flexible circuit has a single conductor layer but is processed so as to allow access to selected features of the conductor pattern from both sides. A sculpted flex circuit is formed using a multi-step etching process that produces a flex circuit that has finished copper conductors that vary in thickness along their respective lengths. A multilayer flex circuit has three of more layers of conductors, where the layers typically are interconnected using plated through holes. Rigid flex circuits are a hybrid construction of flex circuit consisting of rigid and flexible substrates that are laminated together into a single structure, where the layers typically are electrically interconnected via plated through holes. In polymer thick film (PTF) flex circuits, the circuit conductors are printed onto a polymer base film, where there may be a single conductor layer or multiple conductor layers that are insulated from one another by respective printed insulating layers. 
     In the example segments  640 ,  670 ,  680  shown in  FIGS.  6 A- 6 C , the flexible circuit  648 ,  648 ′,  648 ″ represents a single-access flex-circuit that interconnects the components of the adhesive tape platform on a single side of the flexible circuit  648 ,  648 ′,  648 ″. However, in other embodiments, the flexible circuit  648 ,  648 ′,  648 ″ represents a double access flex circuit that includes a front-side conductive pattern that interconnects the low-power communications interface  652 ,  652 ′,  652 ″, the timer circuit  654 ,  654 ′,  654 ″, the processor  650 ,  650 ′,  650 ″, the one or more sensor transducers  656 ,  656 ′,  656 ″ (if present), and the memory  658 ,  658 ′,  658 ″, and allows through-hole access (not shown) to a back-side conductive pattern that is connected to the flexible battery (not shown). In these embodiments, the front-side conductive pattern of the flexible circuit  648 ,  648 ′,  648 ″ connects the communications circuits  652 ,  652 ′,  652 ″,  672 ′,  672 ″,  682 ″ (e.g., receivers, transmitters, and transceivers) to their respective antennas and to the processor  650 ,  650 ′,  650 ″ and also connects the processor  650 ,  650 ′,  650 ″ to the one or more sensors and the memory  658 ,  658 ′, and  658 ″. The backside conductive pattern connects the active electronics (e.g., the processor  650 ,  650 ′,  650 ″, the communications circuits  652 ,  652 ′,  652 ″,  672 ′,  672 ″,  682 ″ and the transducers) on the front-side of the flexible circuit  648 ,  648 ′,  648 ″ to the electrodes of the energy storage device  662 ,  662 ′,  662 ″ via one or more through holes in the substrate of the flexible circuit  648 ,  648 ′,  648 ″. 
     The various units of the segments  640 ,  670 ,  680  shown in  FIGS.  6 A- 6 C  may be arranged to accommodate different objects or structures (e.g., trash bins, fire extinguishers, etc.) and sensors may be added to, or subtracted from, the segments  640 ,  670 , and  680 , according to a particular task. 
     Referring to  FIG.  7 A , in some examples, each of one or more of the segments  770 ,  772  of a tracking adhesive product  774  includes a respective circuit  775  that delivers power from the respective energy source  776  to the respective tracking circuit  778  (e.g., a processor and one or more wireless communications circuits) in response to an event. In some of these examples, the wake circuit  775  is configured to transition from an off-state to an on-state when the voltage on the wake node  777  exceeds a threshold level, at which point the wake circuit transitions to an on-state to power-on the segment  770 . In the illustrated example, this occurs when the user separates the segment from the tracking adhesive product  774 , for example, by cutting across the tracking adhesive product  774  at a designated location (e.g., along a designated cut-line  780 ). In particular, in its initial, un-cut state, a minimal amount of current flows through the resistors R1 and R2. As a result, the voltage on the wake node  777  remains below the threshold turn-on level. After the user cuts across the tracking adhesive product  774  along the designated cut-line  780 , the user creates an open circuit in the loop  782 , which pulls the voltage of the wake node above the threshold level and turns on the wake circuit  775 . As a result, the voltage across the energy source  776  will appear across the tracking circuit  778  and, thereby, turn on the segment  770 . In particular embodiments, the resistance value of resistor R1 is greater than the resistance value of R2. In some examples, the resistance values of resistors R1 and R2 are selected based on the overall design of the adhesive product system (e.g., the target wake voltage level and a target leakage current). 
     In some examples, each of one or more of the segments of a tracking adhesive product includes a respective sensor and a respective wake circuit that delivers power from the respective energy source to the respective one or more components of the respective tracking circuit  778  in response to an output of the sensor. In some examples, the respective sensor is a strain sensor that produces a wake signal based on a change in strain in the respective segment. In some of these examples, the strain sensor is affixed to a tracking adhesive product and configured to detect the stretching of the tracking adhesive product segment as the segment is being peeled off a roll or a sheet of the tracking adhesive product. In some examples, the respective sensor is a capacitive sensor that produces a wake signal based on a change in capacitance in the respective segment. In some of these examples, the capacitive sensor is affixed to a tracking adhesive product and configured to detect the separation of the tracking adhesive product segment from a roll or a sheet of the tracking adhesive product. In some examples, the respective sensor is a flex sensor that produces a wake signal based on a change in curvature in the respective segment. In some of these examples, the flex sensor is affixed to a tracking adhesive product and configured to detect bending of the tracking adhesive product segment as the segment is being peeled off a roll or a sheet of the tracking adhesive product. In some examples, the respective sensor is a near field communications sensor that produces a wake signal based on a change in inductance in the respective segment. 
       FIG.  7 B  shows another example of a tracking adhesive product  794  that delivers power from the respective energy source  776  to the respective tracking circuit  778  (e.g., a processor and one or more wireless communications circuits) in response to an event. This example is similar in structure and operation as the tracking adhesive product  794  shown in  FIG.  7 A , except that the wake circuit  775  is replaced by a switch  796  that is configured to transition from an open state to a closed state when the voltage on the switch node  777  exceeds a threshold level. In the initial state of the tracking adhesive product  794 , the voltage on the switch node is below the threshold level as a result of the low current level flowing through the resistors R1 and R2. After the user cuts across the tracking adhesive product  794  along the designated cut-line  780 , the user creates an open circuit in the loop  782 , which pulls up the voltage on the switch node above the threshold level to close the switch  796  and turn on the tracking circuit  778 . 
     A wireless sensing system includes a plurality of wireless nodes configured to detect tampering in assets. Tampering may include, but is not limited to, opening assets such as boxes, containers, storage, or doors, moving the asset without authorization, moving the asset to an unintended location, moving the asset in an unintended way, damaging the asset, shaking the asset in an unintended way, orienting an asset in a way that it is not meant to be oriented. In many cases, these actions may compromise the integrity or safety of assets. Wireless nodes associated with the asset are configured to detect a tampering event. In an embodiment, a tampering event is associated with an action, a time, and a location. In an embodiment, the wireless nodes communicate the tampering event to the wireless sensing system. The wireless sensing system is configured to provide a notification or alert to a user of the wireless sensing system. In some embodiments, a wireless node may directly transmit the notification or alert to the user. In other embodiments, a wireless node may include a display that indicates whether or not a tampering event has occurred (e.g., the display may be an indicator light or LED). 
     Alerts may be transmitted to server/cloud, other wireless nodes, a client device, or some combination thereof. For example, in an embodiment, a wireless node of the wireless sensing system captures sensor data, detects a tampering event, and transmits an alarm to a user of the wireless sensing system (e.g., without communicating with a server or cloud of the wireless sensing system). In another embodiment, a wireless node of the wireless sensing system captures sensor data and transmits the sensor data to a gateway, parent node (e.g., black tape), or client device. The gateway, parent node, or client device detects a tampering event based on the received sensor data and transmits an alarm to a user of the wireless sensing system. In another embodiment, the wireless node of the wireless sensing system captures sensor data, detects a tampering event, and transmits information describing the tampering event to a server or cloud of the wireless sensing system. The server or cloud of the wireless sensing system transmits an alarm to a user of the wireless sensing system. 
       FIG.  7 C  shows a diagrammatic cross-sectional front view of an example adhesive tape platform  700  and a perspective view of an example asset  702 . Instead of activating the adhesive tape platform in response to separating a segment of the adhesive tape platform from a roll or a sheet of the adhesive tape platform, this example is configured to supply power from the energy source  704  to turn on the wireless transducing circuit  706  in response to establishing an electrical connection between two power terminals  708 ,  710  that are integrated into the adhesive tape platform. In particular, each segment of the adhesive tape platform  700  includes a respective set of embedded tracking components, an adhesive layer  712 , and an optional backing sheet  714  with a release coating that prevents the segments from adhering strongly to the backing sheet  714 . In some examples, the power terminals  708 ,  710  are composed of an electrically conductive material (e.g., a metal, such as copper) that may be printed or otherwise patterned and/or deposited on the backside of the adhesive tape platform  700 . In operation, the adhesive tape platform can be activated by removing the backing sheet  714  and applying the exposed adhesive layer  712  to a surface that includes an electrically conductive region  716 . In the illustrated embodiment, the electrically conductive region  716  is disposed on a portion of the asset  702 . When the adhesive backside of the adhesive tape platform  700  is adhered to the asset with the exposed terminals  708 ,  710  aligned and in contact with the electrically conductive region  716  on the asset  702 , an electrical connection is created through the electrically conductive region  716  between the exposed terminals  708 ,  710  that completes the circuit and turns on the wireless transducing circuit  706 . In particular embodiments, the power terminals  708 ,  710  are electrically connected to any respective nodes of the wireless transducing circuit  706  that would result in the activation of the tracking circuit  706  in response to the creation of an electrical connection between the power terminals  708 ,  710 . 
     In some examples, after a tape node is turned on, it will communicate with the network service to confirm that the user/operator who is associated with the tape node is an authorized user who has authenticated himself or herself to the network service. In these examples, if the tape node cannot confirm that the user/operator is an authorized user, the tape node will turn itself off. 
       FIG.  8    shows an example network communications environment  800  that includes a network  802  that supports communications between one or more servers  804  executing one or more applications of a network service  808 , mobile gateways  810  (a smart device mobile gateway),  812  (a vehicle mobile gateway), a stationary gateway  814 , and various types of tape nodes that are associated with various assets (e.g., parcels, equipment, tools, persons, and other things). Hereinafter “tape nodes” may be used interchangeably with the “agents”, as described above, with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 7   ; the “agents” are in the form of a “tape node” attached to different objects, e.g., an asset, storage container, vehicle, equipment, etc.; the master agent may be referred to as a master tape node, a secondary agent may be referred to as a secondary tape node; and a tertiary agent may be referred to as a tertiary tape node. 
     In some examples, the network  802  (e.g., a wireless network) includes one or more network communication systems and technologies, including any one or more of wide area networks, local area networks, public networks (e.g., the internet), private networks (e.g., intranets and extranets), wired networks, and wireless networks. For example, the network  802  includes communications infrastructure equipment, such as a geolocation satellite system  870  (e.g., GPS, GLONASS, and NAVSTAR), cellular communication systems (e.g., GSM/GPRS), Wi-Fi communication systems, RF communication systems (e.g., LoRa), Bluetooth communication systems (e.g., a Bluetooth Low Energy system), Z-wave communication systems, and ZigBee communication systems. 
     In some examples, the one or more network service applications leverage the above-mentioned communications technologies to create a hierarchical wireless network of tape nodes improves asset management operations by reducing costs and improving efficiency in a wide range of processes, from asset packaging, asset transporting, asset tracking, asset condition monitoring, asset inventorying, and asset security verification. Communication across the network is secured by a variety of different security mechanisms. In the case of existing infrastructure, a communication link uses the infrastructure security mechanisms. In the case of communications among tapes nodes, the communication is secured through a custom security mechanism. In certain cases, tape nodes may also be configured to support block chain to protect the transmitted and stored data. 
     A network of tape nodes may be configured by the network service to create hierarchical communications network. The hierarchy may be defined in terms of one or more factors, including functionality (e.g., wireless transmission range or power), role (e.g., master-tape node vs. peripheral-tape node), or cost (e.g., a tape node equipped with a cellular transceiver vs. a peripheral tape node equipped with a Bluetooth LE transceiver). As described above with reference to the agents, tape nodes may be assigned to different levels of a hierarchical network according to one or more of the above-mentioned factors. For example, the hierarchy may be defined in terms of communication range or power, where tape nodes with higher-power or longer-communication range transceivers are arranged at a higher level of the hierarchy than tape nodes with lower-power or lower-range power or lower range transceivers. In another example, the hierarchy is defined in terms of role, where, e.g., a master tape node is programmed to bridge communications between a designated group of peripheral tape nodes and a gateway node or server node. The problem of finding an optimal hierarchical structure may be formulated as an optimization problem with battery capacity of nodes, power consumption in various modes of operation, desired latency, external environment, etc. and may be solved using modern optimization methods e.g. neural networks, artificial intelligence, and other machine learning computing systems that take expected and historical data to create an optimal solution and may create algorithms for modifying the system&#39;s behavior adaptively in the field. 
     The tape nodes may be deployed by automated equipment or manually. In this process, a tape node typically is separated from a roll or sheet and adhered to a parcel (e.g., asset  820 ) or other stationary (e.g., stationary gateway  814 ) or mobile object (e.g., a, such as a delivery truck, such as mobile gateway  812 ) or stationary object (e.g., a structural element of a building). This process activates the tape node (e.g., the tape node  818 ) and causes the tape node  818  to communicate with the one or more servers  804  of the network service  808 . In this process, the tape node  418  may communicate through one or more other tape nodes (e.g., the tape nodes  842 ,  844 ,  846 ,  848 ) in the communication hierarchy. In this process, the one or more servers  804  executes the network service application  806  to programmatically configure tape nodes  818 ,  824 ,  828 ,  832 ,  842 ,  844 ,  846 ,  848 , that are deployed in the network communications environment  800 . In some examples, there are multiple classes or types of tape nodes (e.g., a master agent, a secondary agent, or a tertiary agent), where each tape node class has a different respective set of functionalities and/or capacities, as described herein with respect to the “agents” in  FIGS.  1 - 7   . For example, the master agents have a lower-power wireless communication interface (e.g., the low-power wireless-communication interface  652 , with reference to  FIG.  6   ), in comparison to the secondary and tertiary agents. 
     In some examples, the one or more servers  804  communicate over the network  802  with one or more gateways  810 ,  812 ,  814  that are configured to send, transmit, forward, or relay messages to the network  802  in response to transmissions from the tape nodes  818 ,  824 ,  828 ,  832 ,  842 ,  844 ,  846 ,  848  that are associated with respective assets and within communication range. Example gateways include mobile gateways  810 ,  812  and a stationary gateway  814 . In some examples, the mobile gateways  810 ,  812 , and the stationary gateway  814  are able to communicate with the network  802  and with designated sets or groups of tape nodes. 
     In some examples, the mobile gateway  812  is a vehicle (e.g., a delivery truck or other mobile hub) that includes a wireless communications unit  816  that is configured by the network service  808  to communicate with a designated network of tape nodes, including tape node  818  (e.g., a master tape node) in the form of a label that is adhered to a parcel  821  (e.g., an envelope) that contains an asset  820 , and is further configured to communicate with the network service  808  over the network  802 . In some examples, the tape node  818  includes a lower-power wireless-communications interface of the type used in, e.g., segment  640  (shown in  FIG.  6 A ), and the wireless communications unit  816  may be implemented by a secondary or tertiary tape node (e.g., one of segment  670  or segment  680 , respectively shown in  FIGS.  6 B and  6 C ) that includes a lower-power communications interfaces for communicating with tape nodes within range of the mobile gateway  812  and a higher-power communications-interface for communicating with the network  802 . In this way, the tape node  818  and wireless communications unit  816  create a hierarchical wireless network of tape nodes for transmitting, forwarding, bridging, relaying, or otherwise communicating wireless messages to, between, or on behalf of the tape node  818  in a power-efficient and cost-effective way. 
     In some examples, a mobile gateway  810  is a mobile phone that is operated by a human operator and executes a client application  822  that is configured by a network service to communicate with a designated set of tape nodes, including a secondary or tertiary tape node  824  that is adhered to a parcel  826  (e.g., a box), and is further configured to communicate with a server  804  over the network  802 . In the illustrated example, the parcel  826  contains a first parcel labeled or sealed by a master tape node  828  and containing a first asset  830 , and a second parcel labeled or sealed by a master tape node  832  and containing a second asset  834 . The secondary or tertiary tape node  824  communicates with each of the master tape nodes  828 ,  832  and also communicates with the mobile gateway  810 . In some examples, each of the master tape nodes  828 ,  832  includes a lower-power wireless-communications interface of the type used in, e.g., segment  640  (shown in  FIG.  6 A ), and the secondary/tertiary tape node  824  is implemented by a tape node (e.g., segment  670  or segment  680 , shown in  FIGS.  6 B and  6 C ) that includes a low-power communications interface for communicating with the master tape nodes  828 ,  832  contained within the parcel  826 , and a higher-power communications interface for communicating with the mobile gateway  810 . The secondary or tertiary tape node  824  is operable to relay wireless communications between the master tape nodes  828 ,  832  contained within the parcel  826  and the mobile gateway  810 , and the mobile gateway  810  is operable to relay wireless communications between the secondary or tertiary tape node  824  and the server  804  over the network  802 . In this way, the master tape nodes  828  and  832  and the secondary or tertiary tape node  824  create a wireless network of nodes for transmitting, forwarding, relaying, or otherwise communicating wireless messages to, between, or on behalf of the master tape nodes  828 ,  832 , the secondary or tertiary tape node  824 , and the network service (not shown) in a power-efficient and cost-effective way. 
     In some embodiments, the client application  822  is installed on a mobile device (e.g., smartphone) that may also operate as mobile gateway  810 . The client application  822  may cause the mobile device to function as a mobile gateway  810 . For example, the client application  822  runs in the background to allow the mobile device to bridge communications between tape nodes that are communicating on one protocol to other tape nodes that are communicating on another protocol. For example, a tape node transmits data to the mobile device through Bluetooth, and the mobile device (running the client application  822 ) relays that data to the server  804  via cellular (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G) or Wi-Fi. Further, the client application  822  may cause the mobile device to establish a connection with, and receive pings (e.g., alerts to nearby assets that an environmental profile threshold has been exceeded), from the tape nodes or from the server  804 . The tape nodes or server may request services (e.g., to display alert messages within a graphical user interface of the mobile device, relay messages to nearby tape nodes or mobile or stationary gateways, delegate tasks to the mobile device, such as determining the location of the tape node, etc.) from the mobile device. For example, the mobile device running the client application  822  may share location data with the tape node, allowing the tape node to pinpoint its location. 
     In some examples, the stationary gateway  814  is implemented by a server  804  executing a network service application  806  that is configured by the network service  808  to communicate with a designated set  840  of master tape nodes  842 ,  844 ,  846 ,  848  that are adhered to respective parcels containing respective assets  850 ,  852 ,  854 ,  856  on a pallet  858 . In other examples, the stationary gateway  814  is implemented by a secondary or tertiary tape node  860  (e.g., segments  670  or  680 , respectively shown in  FIGS.  6 B and  6 C ) that is adhered to, for example, a wall, column or other infrastructure component of the physical premise&#39;s environment  800 , and includes a low-power communications interface for communicating with nodes within range of the stationary gateway  814  and a higher-power communications interface for communicating with the network  802 . 
     In one embodiment, each of the master tape nodes  842 - 848  is a master tape node and is configured by the network service  808  to communicate individually with the stationary gateway  814 , which relays communications from the master tape nodes  842 - 848  to the network service  808  through the stationary gateway  814  and over the network  802 . In another embodiment, one of the master tape nodes  842 - 848  at a time is configured to transmit, forward, relay, or otherwise communicate wireless messages to, between, or on behalf of the other master nodes on the pallet  858 . In this embodiment, the master tape node may be determined by the master tape nodes  842 - 848  or designated by the network service  808 . In some examples, the master tape nodes  842 - 848  with the longest range or highest remaining power level is determined to be the master tape node. In some examples, when the power level of the current master tape node drops below a certain level (e.g., a fixed power threshold level or a threshold level relative to the power levels of one or more of the other master tape nodes), another one of the master tape nodes assumes the role of the master tape node. In some examples, a master tape node  859  is adhered to the pallet  858  and is configured to perform the role of a master node for the other master tape nodes  842 - 848 . In these ways, the master tape nodes  842 - 848 ,  859  are configurable to create different wireless networks of nodes for transmitting, forwarding, relaying, bridging, or otherwise communicating wireless messages with the network service  408  through the stationary gateway  814  and over the network  802  in a power-efficient and cost-effective way. 
     In the illustrated example, the stationary gateway  814  also is configured by the network service  808  to communicate with a designated network of tape nodes, including the secondary or tertiary tape node  860  that is adhered to the inside of a door  862  of a shipping container  864 , and is further configured to communicate with the network service  808  over the network  802 . In the illustrated example, the shipping container  864  contains a number of parcels labeled or sealed by respective master tape nodes  866  and containing respective assets. The secondary or tertiary tape node  860  communicates with each of the master tape nodes  866  within the shipping container  864  and communicates with the stationary gateway  814 . In some examples, each of the master tape nodes  866  includes a low-power wireless communications-interface (e.g., the low-power wireless-communication interface  652 ,  652 ′,  652 ″, with reference to  FIGS.  6 A- 6 C ), and the secondary or tertiary tape node  860  includes a low-power wireless-communications interface (low-power wireless-communication interfaces  652 ′,  652 ″, with reference to  FIGS.  6 B- 6 C ) for communicating with the master tape nodes  866  contained within the shipping container  864 , and a higher-power wireless-communications interface (e.g., medium-power wireless-communication interface  672 ′, medium-power wireless-communication interface  672 ″, high-power wireless-communication interface  682 ″, with reference to  FIGS.  6 B- 6 C ) for communicating with the stationary gateway  814 . In some examples, either a secondary or tertiary tape node, or both, may be used, depending on whether a high-power wireless-communication interface is necessary for sufficient communication. 
     In some examples, when the doors of the shipping container  864  are closed, the secondary or tertiary tape node  860  is operable to communicate wirelessly with the master tape nodes  866  contained within the shipping container  864 . In some embodiments, both a secondary and a tertiary node are attached to the shipping container  864 . Whether a secondary and a tertiary node are used may depend on the range requirements of the wireless-communications interface. For example, if out at sea a node will be required to transmit and receive signals from a server located outside the range of a medium-power wireless-communications interface, a tertiary node will be used because the tertiary node includes a high-power wireless-communications interface. 
     In an example, the secondary or tertiary tape node  860  is configured to collect sensor data from master tape nodes  866  and, in some embodiments, process the collected data to generate, for example, statistics from the collected data. When the doors of the shipping container  864  are open, the secondary or tertiary tape node  860  is programmed to detect the door opening (e.g., using a photodetector or an accelerometer component of the secondary or tertiary tape node  860 ) and, in addition to reporting the door opening event to the network service  808 , the secondary or tertiary tape node  860  is further programmed to transmit the collected data and/or the processed data in one or more wireless messages to the stationary gateway  814 . The stationary gateway  814 , in turn, is operable to transmit the wireless messages received from the secondary or tertiary tape node  860  to the network service  808  over the network  802 . Alternatively, in some examples, the stationary gateway  814  also is operable to perform operations on the data received from the secondary or tertiary tape node  860  with the same type of data produced by the secondary or tertiary tape node  860  based on sensor data collected from the master tape nodes  842 - 848 . In this way, the secondary or tertiary tape node  860  and master tape node  866  create a wireless network of nodes for transmitting, forwarding, relaying, or otherwise communicating wireless messages to, between, or on behalf of the master tape node  866 , the secondary or tertiary tape nodes  860 , and the network service  808  in a power-efficient and cost-effective way. 
     In an example of the embodiment shown in  FIG.  8   , there are three types of backward compatible tape nodes: a short-range master tape node (e.g., segment  640 ), a medium-range secondary tape node (e.g., segment  670 ), and a long-range tertiary tape node (e.g. segment  680 ), as respectively shown in  FIGS.  6 A- 6 C  (here, “tape node” is used interchangeably with “agent”, as described with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 7   ). The short-range master tape nodes typically are adhered directly to parcels containing assets. In the illustrated example, the master tape nodes  818 ,  828 ,  832 ,  842 - 848 ,  866  are short-range tape nodes. The short-range tape nodes typically communicate with a low-power wireless-communication protocol (e.g., Bluetooth LE, Zigbee, or Z-wave). The segments  670  are typically adhered to objects (e.g., a parcel  826  and a shipping container  864 ) that are associated with multiple parcels that are separated from the medium-range tape nodes by a barrier or a long distance. In the illustrated example, the secondary and/or tertiary tape nodes  824  and  860  are medium-range tape nodes. The medium-range tape nodes typically communicate with low and medium-power wireless-communication protocols (e.g., Bluetooth, LoRa, or Wi-Fi). The segments  680  typically are adhered to mobile or stationary infrastructure of the network communications environment  800 . 
     In the illustrated example, the mobile gateway  812  and the stationary gateway  814  are implemented by, e.g., segment  680 . The segments  680  typically communicate with other nodes using a high-power wireless-communication protocol (e.g., a cellular data communication protocol). In some examples, the wireless communications unit  416  (a secondary or tertiary tape node) is adhered to a mobile gateway  812  (e.g., a truck). In these examples, the wireless communications unit  816  may be moved to different locations in the network communications environment  800  to assist in connecting other tape nodes to the wireless communications unit  816 . In some examples, the stationary gateway  814  is a tape node that may be attached to a stationary structure (e.g., a wall) in the network communications environment  800  with a known geographic location (e.g., GPS coordinates). In these examples, other tape nodes in the environment may determine their geographic location by querying the stationary gateway  814 . 
     In some examples, in order to conserve power, the tape nodes typically communicate according to a schedule promulgated by the network service  808 . The schedule usually dictates all aspects of the communication, including the times when particular tape nodes should communicate, the mode of communication, and the contents of the communication. In one example, the server (not shown) transmits programmatic Global Scheduling Description Language (GSDL) code to the master tape node and each of the secondary and tertiary tape nodes in the designated set. In this example, execution of the GSDL code causes each of the tape nodes in the designated set to connect to the master tape node at a different respective time that is specified in the GSDL code, and to communicate a respective set of one or more data packets of one or more specified types of information over the respective connection. In some examples, the master tape node simply forwards the data packets to the server  804 , either directly or indirectly through a gateway tape node (e.g., the long-range tape node, such as wireless communication unit  816 , adhered to the mobile gateway  812 , or a long-range tape node, such as stationary gateway  814 , that is adhered to an infrastructure component of the network communications environment  800 ). In other examples, the master tape node processes the information contained in the received data packets and transmits the processed information to the server  804 . 
       FIG.  9    is a schematic illustrating one example hierarchical wireless communications network of tape nodes  970 . In this example, the short-range tape node  972  and the medium range tape node  976  communicate with one another over their respective low power wireless communication interfaces  974 ,  978 . The medium range tape node  976  and the long-range tape node  982  communicate with one another over their respective medium power wireless communication interfaces  980 ,  984 . The long-range tape node  982  and the one or more network service servers  904  (e.g., server(s)  804 ,  FIG.  8   ) running application(s)  906  (e.g., application(s)  806 ) communicate with one another over the high-power communication interface  986 . In some examples, the low power communication interfaces  974 ,  978  establish wireless communications with one another in accordance with the Bluetooth LE protocol, the medium power communication interfaces  980 ,  984  establish wireless communications with one another in accordance with the LoRa communications protocol, and the high-power communication interface  986  establishes wireless communications with the one or more network service servers  904  in accordance with a cellular communications protocol. 
     In some examples, the different types of tape nodes are deployed at different levels in the communications hierarchy according to their respective communications ranges, with the long-range tape nodes generally at the top of the hierarchy, the medium range tape nodes generally in the middle of the hierarchy, and the short-range tape nodes generally at the bottom of the hierarchy. In some examples, the different types of tape nodes are implemented with different feature sets that are associated with component costs and operational costs that vary according to their respective levels in the hierarchy. This allows system administrators flexibility to optimize the deployment of the tape nodes to achieve various objectives, including cost minimization, asset tracking, asset localization, and power conservation. 
     In some examples, one or more network service servers  904  designates a tape node at a higher level in a hierarchical communications network as a master node of a designated set of tape nodes at a lower level in the hierarchical communications network. For example, the designated master tape node may be adhered to a parcel (e.g., a box, pallet, or shipping container) that contains one or more tape nodes that are adhered to one or more packages containing respective assets. In order to conserve power, the tape nodes typically communicate according to a schedule promulgated by the one or more network service servers  904 . The schedule usually dictates all aspects of the communication, including the times when particular tape nodes should communicate, the mode of communication, and the contents of the communication. In one example, the one or more network service servers  904  transmits programmatic Global Scheduling Description Language (GSDL) code to the master tape node and each of the lower-level tape nodes in the designated set. In this example, execution of the GSDL code causes each of the tape nodes in the designated set to connect to the master tape node at a different respective time that is specified in the GSDL code, and to communicate a respective set of one or more data packets of one or more specified types of information over the respective connection. In some examples, the master tape node simply forwards the data packets to the one or more network service servers  904 , either directly or indirectly through a gateway tape node (e.g., the long-range wireless communication unit  816  adhered to the mobile gateway  812  (which could be a vehicle, ship, plane, etc.) or the stationary gateway  814  is a long-range tape node adhered to an infrastructure component of the environment  800 ). In other examples, the master tape node processes the information contained in the received data packets and transmits the processed information to the one or more network service servers  904 / 804 . 
       FIG.  10    is a flowchart illustrating one example method of creating a hierarchical communications network. In accordance with this method, a first tape node is adhered to a first parcel in a set of associated parcels, the first tape node including a first type of wireless communication interface and a second type of wireless communication interface having a longer range than the first type of wireless communication interface ( FIG.  10   , block  1090 ). A second tape node is adhered to a second parcel in the set, the second tape node including the first type of wireless communication interface, wherein the second tape node is operable to communicate with the first tape node over a wireless communication connection established between the first type of wireless communication interfaces of the first and second tape nodes ( FIG.  10   , block  1092 ). An application executing on a computer system (e.g., the one or more network service servers  904  of a network service) establishes a wireless communication connection with the second type of wireless communication interface of the first tape node, and the application transmits programmatic code executable by the first tape node to function as a master tape node with respect to the second tape node ( FIG.  10   , block  1094 ). 
     As used herein, the term “node” refers to both a tape node and a non-tape node unless the node is explicitly designated as a “tape node” or a “non-tape node.” In some embodiments, a non-tape node may have the same or similar communication, sensing, processing and other functionalities and capabilities as the tape nodes described herein, except without being integrated into a tape platform. In some embodiments, non-tape nodes can interact seamlessly with tape nodes. Each node is assigned a respective unique identifier. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure further describe a distributed software operating system that is implemented by distributed hardware nodes executing intelligent agent software to perform various tasks or algorithms. In some embodiments, the operating system distributes functionalities (e.g., performing analytics on data or statistics collected or generated by nodes) geographically across multiple intelligent agents that are bound to logistic items (e.g., parcels, containers, packages, boxes, pallets, a loading dock, a door, a light switch, a vehicle such as a delivery truck, a shipping facility, a port, a hub, etc.). In addition, the operating system dynamically allocates the hierarchical roles (e.g., master and slave roles) that nodes perform over time in order to improve system performance, such as optimizing battery life across nodes, improving responsiveness, and achieving overall objectives. In some embodiments, optimization is achieved using a simulation environment for optimizing key performance indicators (PKIs). 
     In some embodiments, the nodes are programmed to operate individually or collectively as autonomous intelligent agents. In some embodiments, nodes are configured to communicate and coordinate actions and respond to events. In some embodiments, a node is characterized by its identity, its mission, and the services that it can provide to other nodes. A node&#39;s identity is defined by its capabilities (e.g., battery life, sensing capabilities, and communications interfaces). A node may be defined by the respective program code, instructions, or directives it receives from another node (e.g., a server or a master node) and the actions or tasks that it performs in accordance with that program code, instructions, or directives (e.g., sense temperature every hour and send temperature data to a master node to upload to a server). A node&#39;s services may be defined by the functions or tasks that it is permitted to perform for other nodes (e.g., retrieve temperature data from a peripheral node and send the received temperature data to the server). At least for certain tasks, once programmed and configured with their identities, missions, and services, nodes can communicate with one another and request services from and provide services to one another independently of the server. 
     Thus, in accordance with the runtime operating system every agent knows its objectives (programmed). Every agent knows which capabilities/resources it needs to fulfill objective. Every agent communicates with every other node in proximity to see if it can offer the capability. Examples include communicate data to the server, authorize going to lower-power level, temperature reading, send an alert to local hub, send location data, triangulate location, any boxes in same group that already completed group objectives. 
     Nodes can be associated with logistic items. Examples of a logistic item includes, for example, a package, a box, pallet, a container, a truck or other conveyance, infrastructure such as a door, a conveyor belt, a light switch, a road, or any other thing that can be tracked, monitored, sensed, etc. or that can transmit data concerning its state or environment. In some examples, a server or a master node may associate the unique node identifiers with the logistic items. 
     Communication paths between tape and/or non-tape nodes may be represented by a graph of edges between the corresponding logistic items (e.g., a storage unit, truck, or hub). In some embodiments, each node in the graph has a unique identifier. A set of connected edges between nodes is represented by a sequence of the node identifiers that defines a communication path between a set of nodes. 
     Referring to  FIG.  11 A , a node  1120  (Node A) is associated with a package  1122  (Package A). In some embodiments, the node  1120  may be implemented as a tape node that is used to seal the package  1122  or it may be implemented as a label node that is used to label the package  1122 ; alternatively, the node  1120  may be implemented as a non-tape node that is inserted within the package  1122  or embedded in or otherwise attached to the interior or exterior of the package  1122 . In the illustrated embodiment, the node  1120  includes a low power communications interface  1124  (e.g., a Bluetooth Low Energy communications interface). Another node  1126  (Node B), which is associated with another package  1130  (Package B), is similarly equipped with a compatible low power communications interface  1128  (e.g., a Bluetooth Low Energy communications interface). 
     In an example scenario, in accordance with the programmatic code stored in its memory, node  1126  (Node B) requires a connection to node  1120  (Node A) to perform a task that involves checking the battery life of Node A. Initially, Node B is unconnected to any other nodes. In accordance with the programmatic code stored in its memory, Node B periodically broadcasts advertising packets into the surrounding area. When the other node  1120  (Node A) is within range of Node B and is operating in a listening mode, Node A will extract the address of Node B and potentially other information (e.g., security information) from an advertising packet. If, according to its programmatic code, Node A determines that it is authorized to connect to Node B, Node A will attempt to pair with Node B. In this process, Node A and Node B determine each other&#39;s identities, capabilities, and services. For example, after successfully establishing a communication path  1132  with Node A (e.g., a Bluetooth Low Energy formatted communication path), Node B determines Node A&#39;s identity information (e.g., master node), Node A&#39;s capabilities include reporting its current battery life, and Node A&#39;s services include transmitting its current battery life to other nodes. In response to a request from Node B, Node A transmits an indication of its current battery life to Node B. 
     Referring to  FIG.  11 B , a node  1134  (Node C) is associated with a package  1135  (Package C). In the illustrated embodiment, the Node C includes a low power communications interface  1136  (e.g., a Bluetooth Low Energy communications interface), and a sensor  1137  (e.g., a temperature sensor). Another node  1138  (Node D), which is associated with another package  1140  (Package D), is similarly equipped with a compatible low power communications interface  1142  (e.g., a Bluetooth Low-Energy communications interface). 
     In an example scenario, in accordance with the programmatic code stored in its memory, Node D requires a connection to Node C to perform a task that involves checking the temperature in the vicinity of Node C. Initially, Node D is unconnected to any other nodes. In accordance with the programmatic code stored in its memory, Node D periodically broadcasts advertising packets in the surrounding area. When Node C is within range of Node D and is operating in a listening mode, Node C will extract the address of Node D and potentially other information (e.g., security information) from the advertising packet. If, according to its programmatic code, Node C determines that it is authorized to connect to Node D, Node C will attempt to pair with Node D. In this process, Node C and Node D determine each other&#39;s identities, capabilities, and services. For example, after successfully establishing a communication path  1144  with Node C (e.g., a Bluetooth Low Energy formatted communication path), Node D determines Node C&#39;s identity information (e.g., a peripheral node), Node C&#39;s capabilities include retrieving temperature data, and Node C&#39;s services include transmitting temperature data to other nodes. In response to a request from Node D, Node C transmits its measured and/or locally processed temperature data to Node D. 
     Referring to  FIG.  11 C , a pallet  1150  is associated with a master node  1151  that includes a low-power communications interface  1152 , a GPS receiver  1154 , and a cellular communications interface  1156 . In some embodiments, the master node  1151  may be implemented as a tape node or a label node that is adhered to the pallet  1150 . In other embodiments, the master node  1151  may be implemented as a non-tape node that is inserted within the body of the pallet  1150  or embedded in or otherwise attached to the interior or exterior of the pallet  1150 . 
     The pallet  1150  provides a structure for grouping and containing packages  1159 ,  1161 ,  1163  each of which is associated with a respective peripheral node  1158 ,  1160 ,  1162  (Node E, Node F, and Node G). Each of the peripheral nodes  1158 ,  1160 ,  1162  includes a respective low power communications interface  1164 ,  1166 ,  1168  (e.g., Bluetooth Low Energy communications interface). In the illustrated embodiment, each of the nodes E, F, G, and the master node  1151  are connected to each of the other nodes over a respective low power communications path (shown by dashed lines). 
     In some embodiments, the packages  1159 ,  1161 ,  1163  are grouped together because they are related. For example, the packages  1159 ,  1161 ,  1163  may share the same shipping itinerary or a portion thereof. In an example scenario, the master pallet node  1151  scans for advertising packets that are broadcasted from the peripheral nodes  1158 ,  1160 ,  1162 . In some examples, the peripheral nodes broadcast advertising packets during respective scheduled broadcast intervals. The master node  1151  can determine the presence of the packages  1159 ,  1161 ,  1163  in the vicinity of the pallet  1150  based on receipt of one or more advertising packets from each of the nodes E, F, and G. In some embodiments, in response to receipt of advertising packets broadcasted by the peripheral nodes  1158 ,  1160 ,  1162 , the master node  1151  transmits respective requests to the server to associate the master node  1151  and the respective peripheral nodes  1158 ,  1160 ,  1162 . In some examples, the master tape node requests authorization from the server to associate the master tape node and the peripheral tape nodes. If the corresponding packages  1159 ,  1161 ,  1163  are intended to be grouped together (e.g., they share the same itinerary or certain segments of the same itinerary), the server authorizes the master node  1151  to associate the peripheral nodes  1158 ,  1160 ,  1162  with one another as a grouped set of packages. In some embodiments, the server registers the master node and peripheral tape node identifiers with a group identifier. The server also may associate each node ID with a respective physical label ID that is affixed to the respective package. 
     In some embodiments, after an initial set of packages is assigned to a multi package group, the master node  1151  may identify another package arrives in the vicinity of the multi-package group. The master node may request authorization from the server to associate the other package with the existing multi-package group. If the server determines that the other package is intended to ship with the multi-package group, the server instructs the master node to merge one or more other packages with currently grouped set of packages. After all packages are grouped together, the server authorizes the multi-package group to ship. In some embodiments, this process may involve releasing the multi-package group from a containment area (e.g., customs holding area) in a shipment facility. 
     In some embodiments, the peripheral nodes  1158 ,  1160 ,  1162  include environmental sensors for obtaining information regarding environmental conditions in the vicinity of the associated packages  1159 ,  1161 ,  1163 . Examples of such environmental sensors include temperature sensors, humidity sensors, acceleration sensors, vibration sensors, shock sensors, pressure sensors, altitude sensors, light sensors, and orientation sensors. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the master node  1151  can determine its own location based on geolocation data transmitted by a satellite-based radio navigation system  1170  (e.g., GPS, GLONASS, and NAVSTAR) and received by the GPS receiver  1154  component of the master node  1151 . In an alternative embodiment, the location of the master pallet node  1151  can be determined using cellular based navigation techniques that use mobile communication technologies (e.g., GSM, GPRS, CDMA, etc.) to implement one or more cell-based localization techniques. After the master node  1151  has ascertained its location, the distance of each of the packages  1159 ,  1161 ,  1163  from the master node  1151  can be estimated based on the average signal strength of the advertising packets that the master node  1151  receives from the respective peripheral node. The master node  1151  can then transmit its own location and the locations of the package nodes E, F, and G to a server over a cellular interface connection with a cellular network  1172 . Other methods of determining the distance of each of the packages  1159 ,  1161 ,  1163  from the master node  1151 , such as Received Signal-Strength Index (RSSI) based indoor localization techniques, also may be used. 
     In some embodiments, after determining its own location and the locations of the peripheral nodes, the master node  1151  reports the location data and the collected and optionally processed (e.g., either by the peripheral nodes peripheral nodes  1158 ,  1160 ,  1162  or the master node  1151 ) sensor data to a server over a cellular communication path  1171  on a cellular network  1172 . 
     In some examples, nodes are able to autonomously detect logistics execution errors if packages that are supposed to travel together no longer travel together and raise an alert. For example, a node (e.g., the master node  1151  or one of the peripheral nodes  1158 ,  1160 ,  1162 ) alerts the server when the node determines that a particular package  1159  is being or has already been improperly separated from the group of packages. The node may determine that there has been an improper separation of the particular package  1159  in a variety of ways. For example, the associated peripheral node  1158  that is bound to the particular package  1159  may include an accelerometer that generates a signal in response to movement of the package from the pallet. In accordance with its intelligent agent program code, the associated peripheral node  1158  determines that the master node  1151  has not disassociated the particular package  1159  from the group and therefore broadcasts advertising packets to the master node, which causes the master node  1151  to monitor the average signal strength of the advertising packets and, if the master node  1151  determines that the signal strength is decreasing over time, the master node  1151  will issue an alert either locally (e.g., through a speaker component of the master node  1151 ) or to the server. 
       FIG.  12    is a schematic illustrating a truck  1280  configured as a mobile node or mobile hub that includes a cellular communications interface  1282 , a medium-power communications interface  1284 , and a low power communications interface  1286 . The communications interfaces  1280 - 1286  may be implemented on one or more tape and non-tape nodes. In an illustrative scenario, the truck  1280  visits a logistic storage facility, such as a warehouse  1288 , to wirelessly obtain temperature data generated by temperature sensors in the medium range nodes  1290 ,  1292 ,  1294 . The warehouse  1288  contains nodes  1290 ,  1292 , and  1294  that are associated with respective logistic containers  1291 ,  1293 ,  1295 . In the illustrated embodiment, each node  1290 - 1294  is a medium range node that includes a respective medium power communications interface  1296 ,  1202 ,  1208 , a respective low power communications interface  1298 ,  1204 ,  1210  and one or more respective sensors  1200 ,  1206 ,  1212 . In the illustrated embodiment, each of the package nodes  1290 ,  1292 ,  1294  and the truck  1280  is connected to each of the other ones of the package nodes through a respective medium power communications path (shown by dashed lines). In some embodiments, the medium power communications paths are LoRa formatted communication paths. 
     In some embodiments, the communications interfaces  1284  and  1286  (e.g., a LoRa communications interface and a Bluetooth Low Energy communications interface) on the node on the truck  1280  is programmed to broadcast advertisement packets to establish connections with other network nodes within range of the truck node. A warehouse  1288  includes medium range nodes  1290 ,  1292 ,  1294  that are associated with respective logistic containers  1291 ,  1293 ,  1295  (e.g., packages, boxes, pallets, and the like). When the truck node&#39;s low power interface  1286  is within range of any of the medium range nodes  1290 ,  1292 ,  1294  and one or more of the medium range nodes is operating in a listening mode, the medium range node will extract the address of truck node and potentially other information (e.g., security information) from the advertising packet. If, according to its programmatic code, the truck node determines that it is authorized to connect to one of the medium range nodes  1290 ,  1292 ,  1294 , the truck node will attempt to pair with the medium range node. In this process, the truck node and the medium range node determine each other&#39;s identities, capabilities, and services. For example, after successfully establishing a communication path with the truck node (e.g., a Bluetooth Low Energy formatted communication path  1214  or a LoRa formatted communication path  1217 ), the truck node determines the identity information for the medium range node  1290  (e.g., a peripheral node), the medium range node&#39;s capabilities include retrieving temperature data, and the medium range node&#39;s services include transmitting temperature data to other nodes. Depending of the size of the warehouse  1288 , the truck  1280  initially may communicate with the nodes  1290 ,  1292 ,  1294  using a low power communications interface (e.g., Bluetooth Low Energy interface). If any of the anticipated nodes fails to respond to repeated broadcasts of advertising packets by the truck  1280 , the truck  1280  will try to communicate with the non-responsive nodes using a medium power communications interface (e.g., LoRa interface). In response to a request from the medium-power communication interface  1284 , the medium range node  1290  transmits an indication of its measured temperature data to the truck node. The truck node repeats the process for each of the other medium range nodes  1292 ,  1294  that generate temperature measurement data in the warehouse  1288 . The truck node reports the collected (and optionally processed, either by the medium range nodes  1290 ,  1292 ,  1294  or the truck node) temperature data to a server over a cellular communication path  1216  with a cellular network  1218 . 
       FIG.  13    is a schematic illustrating a master node  1330  is associated with a logistic item  1332  (e.g., a package) and grouped together with other logistic items  1334 ,  1336  (e.g., packages) that are associated with respective peripheral nodes  1338 ,  1340 . The master node  1330  includes a GPS receiver  1342 , a medium power communications interface  1344 , one or more sensors  1346 , and a cellular communications interface  1348 . Each of the peripheral nodes  1338 ,  1340  includes a respective medium power communications interface  1350 ,  1352  and one or more respective sensors  1354 ,  1356 . In the illustrated embodiment, the peripheral and master nodes are connected to one another other over respective pairwise communications paths (shown by dashed lines). In some embodiments, the nodes  1330 ,  1338 ,  1340  communicate through respective LoRa communications interfaces over LoRa formatted communications paths  1358 ,  1360 ,  1362 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the master and peripheral nodes  1330 ,  1338 ,  1340  include environmental sensors for obtaining information regarding environmental conditions in the vicinity of the associated logistic items  1332 ,  1334 ,  1336 . Examples of such environmental sensors include temperature sensors, humidity sensors, acceleration sensors, vibration sensors, shock sensors, pressure sensors, altitude sensors, light sensors, and orientation sensors. 
     In accordance with the programmatic code stored in its memory, the master node  1330  periodically broadcasts advertising packets in the surrounding area. When the peripheral nodes  1338 ,  1340  are within range of master node  1330 , and are operating in a listening mode, the peripheral nodes  1338 ,  1340  will extract the address of master node  1330  and potentially other information (e.g., security information) from the advertising packets. If, according to their respective programmatic code, the peripheral nodes  1338 ,  1340  determine that they are authorized to connect to the master node  1330 , the peripheral nodes  1338 ,  1340  will attempt to pair with the master node  1330 . In this process, the peripheral nodes  1338 ,  1340  and the master node  1330  determine each other&#39;s identities, capabilities, and services. For example, after successfully establishing a respective communication path  1358 ,  1360  with each of the peripheral nodes  1338 ,  1340  (e.g., a LoRa formatted communication path), the master node  1330  determines certain information about the peripheral nodes  1338 ,  1340 , such as their identity information (e.g., peripheral nodes), their capabilities (e.g., measuring temperature data), and their services include transmitting temperature data to other nodes. 
     After establishing LoRa formatted communications paths  1358 ,  1360  with the peripheral nodes  1338 ,  1340 , the master node  1330  transmits requests for the peripheral nodes  1338 ,  1340  to transmit their measured and/or locally processed temperature data to the master node  1330 . 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the master node  1330  can determine its own location based on geolocation data transmitted by a satellite-based radio navigation system  1366  (e.g., GPS, GLONASS, and NAVSTAR) and received by the GPS receiver  1342  component of the master node  1330 . In an alternative embodiment, the location of the master node  1330  can be determined using cellular based navigation techniques that use mobile communication technologies (e.g., GSM, GPRS, CDMA, etc.) to implement one or more cell-based localization techniques. After the master node  1330  has ascertained its location, the distance of each of the logistic items  1334 ,  1336  from the master node  1330  can be estimated based on the average signal strength of the advertising packets that the master node  1330  receives from the respective peripheral node. The master node  1330  can then transmit its own location and the locations of the package nodes H, J, and I to a server over a cellular interface connection with a cellular network  1372 . Other methods of determining the distance of each of the logistic items  1334 ,  1336  from the master node  1330 , such as Received Signal-Strength Index (RSSI) based indoor localization techniques, also may be used. 
     In some embodiments, after determining its own location and the locations of the peripheral nodes, the master node  1330  reports the location data, the collected and optionally processed (e.g., either by the peripheral nodes peripheral nodes  1338 ,  1340  or the master node  1330 ) sensor data to a server over a cellular communication path  1370  on a cellular network  1372 . 
     Improved User Interface and System for Wireless Tracking System 
     A setup process for infrastructure of a wireless tracking system is described in further detail in U.S. Pat. No. 11,281,958, filed on Apr. 24, 2020, titled “Wireless Sensor Networks Installation, Deployment, Maintenance, and Operation,” incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     One aspect of the present embodiments includes the realization that when configurating a wireless tracking system, such as by installing infrastructure nodes within and around a building or structure, it is important to define each location of the infrastructure nodes as accurately as possible. However, there is often no available environmental layout (e.g., an internal layout of an environment such as a floorplan) on which to digitally mark the locations. The present embodiments solve this problem by allowing a user to create a new environmental layout from an image of a floorplan or operational area. 
     Another aspect of the present embodiments includes the realization that it is useful to show infrastructure nodes on an environmental layout when searching for a tracking node attached to an asset. Particularly, locations defined by coordinates may not be easily interpreted and intuitively understood by the user, whereas an environmental layout (e.g., a floorplan, site plan, map, aerial photograph, etc.) showing infrastructure nodes that have contact with, or had had recent contact with, a lost asset, are invaluable for quickly identifying the location of the lost asset. For example, a client user interface that provides a map (e.g., plan, floorplan, site plan) of a relevant area, populating the map with locations of infrastructure nodes, and then defining the location of the lost assets in the mapped area provides fast assimilation by the user and thereby fast recovery of the lost asset. 
     Creating an Environmental Layout from an Image 
     An image of at least a portion of an environmental layout (e.g., a floorplan, site plan, plat map, aerial image, or other drawing/diagram/photograph that shows relationship between features of a given area, preferably as viewed from above.) is uploaded to the wireless tracking system&#39;s database and processed to create a map of the local environment for use in the client user interface. A scale of the environmental layout within the image is determined based on a retrieved portion of a geographic map that corresponds to the area of the environmental layout. 
       FIGS.  14 - 17    are schematic diagrams showing one example process of uploading an image of a portion of an environmental layout to a tracking system database for use in mapping and locating user interfaces (e.g., a client user interface), according to some embodiments. These figures may be viewed together with the following description. 
       FIG.  14    shows one example scenario  1400  where a user  1405  uses a client device  1420  (e.g., a smartphone, tablet, laptop computer, or similar computing device) to capture an image  1430  (e.g., using a camera of client device  1420 ) of a displayed environmental layout  1410  (e.g., an emergency floorplan) within a building  1401 . In certain scenarios, user  1405  may obtain image  1430  from other sources, such as web sites, public databases, etc. Although shown as a floorplan of a building, image  1430  may represent an environmental layout of other operational areas, such as a yard, a parking lot, a parking garage, an outdoor storage yard, a shipyard, a shipping dock, a port, an airport, an outdoor park, an exterior of a building, a warehouse, a storage facility, a storage lot, etc. In certain embodiments, image  1430  is a photograph of the operational area, preferably from an overhead perspective. In scenario  1400 , at least one infrastructure node  1415  of a wireless tracking system (e.g., wireless tracking system  800  of  FIG.  8   ) is being installed within building  1401 . As described above, a gateway node (e.g., mobile gateways  810  and  812 , and stationary gateway node  814  of  FIG.  8   ) is a wireless node that includes more than one wireless communication interface for bridging communications across devices that use different wireless communications interfaces/protocols. For example, a gateway node may include two or more of Bluetooth, BLE, LoRa, LoRaWAN, Zigbee, Cellular (4G, LTE, 5G, etc.), Satellite, GPS, Wi-Fi communications interfaces. The gateway node may be a flexible adhesive tape platform, another flexible electronic device, a non-flexible electronic device, a device that is battery powered, a device that is line-powered, some other type of electronic wireless communication device, a client device, a smartphone, or some combination thereof. An infrastructure node may be, in embodiments, a gateway node that is generally in a fixed location. For example, the infrastructure node may be line-powered or integrated into the infrastructure of a building, area, or site, in some embodiments. In certain embodiments, the infrastructure node is an adhesive tape platform that is attached to an object or part of an area that does not move. 
     In embodiments, client device  1420  runs an app  1425  associated with the wireless tracking system that instructs the user on capturing image  1430 . Displayed environmental layout  1410  may show emergency exits, exit routes, exit stairways, etc., such as displayed in corridors and stairwells to provide safety information to occupants of building  1401 . Accordingly, displayed environmental layout  1410  may be readily available when installing infrastructure node  1415  within building  1401 . In certain cases, displayed environmental layout  1410  is a partial floorplan of a portion of building  1401  local to where the displayed partial floorplan is mounted. 
     When installing infrastructure node  1415  into an existing wireless tracking network (e.g., adding infrastructure node  1415  as a new node in a wireless tracking system), the wireless tracking system may already have a mapped environmental layout of building  1401 . However, in certain circumstances, such as where infrastructure node  1415  is being installed in a new wireless tracking system installation for building  1401 , a mapped environmental layout may not be readily available. App  1425  may provide a client user interface that instructs user  1405  to capture image  1430  of displayed environmental layout  1410  when installing infrastructure node  1415 . This instruction may be triggered when a location of the infrastructure node  1415  to be installed, or a location of the client device  1420 , does not correspond to a previously registered environmental layout  1410 . Advantageously, through use of client device  1420  and app  1425 , installation of infrastructure node  1415  within building  1401  is simplified since user  1405  may capture image  1430  for processing by the wireless tacking system to generate a geographic layout (see geographic layout  1704 ,  FIG.  17   ) for building  1401 , as described in detail below. 
       FIG.  15    shows displayed environmental layout  1410  in further example detail including emergency evacuation instructions  1512  and at least a partial environmental layout  1514 . In certain situations, environmental layout  1514  may represent one entire floor of building  1401 . In other situations, environmental layout  1514  may represent a portion of one floor of building  1401 . 
     Since the wireless tracking system tracks location of wireless tracking devices (e.g., wireless nodes attached to assets) relative to geographic coordinates (e.g., latitude and longitude), location of infrastructure node  1415  is also defined using geographic coordinates. Accordingly, maps used within the wireless tracking system are geographic maps. That is, for displayed environmental layout  1410  to be effectively displayed within the wireless tracking system, at least the environmental layout  1410 , and a determined scale, and optionally an orientation, may form a geographic layout  1704  that functions as a geographic map for at least part of building  1401  (or other area represented at least in part by the environmental layout). 
       FIG.  16    is a schematic diagram illustrating two example geographic features  1620  and  1622  marked within image  1430  by user  1405  using app  1425 . For example, app  1425  instructs user  1405  to define at least two geographic features  1620  and  1622  within image  1430  that may be related to existing maps. One example of a geographic feature is an infrastructure node where the geographic location is known. Another example of a geographic feature is a physical aspect of environmental layout  1514  defined in image  1430  that may be discerned from a geographic map. Accordingly, on a graphical user interface of app  1425 , user  1405  may interactively mark geographic features  1620  and  1622  on image  1430 . App  1425  may determine pixel coordinates of each geographic feature  1620  and  1622  within image  1430 . 
       FIG.  17    is a data flow diagram illustrating example data movement and processing of captured image and marked geographic features  1620  and  1622  to generate a geographic layout  1704  based at least on a captured environmental layout and determined scale therefore. The generated geographic layout  1704  is scaled, oriented, and referenced to geographic coordinates. App  1425  sends image  1430  and the identified geographic features  1620  and  1622  to a mapping engine  1720  of the wireless tracking system. In certain embodiments, mapping engine  1720  is a software algorithm implemented in a server (e.g., server  804  of  FIG.  8   ). In other embodiments, mapping engine  1720  is implemented as a distributed software algorithm within the wireless tracking system, wherein mapping engine  1720  is implemented on one or more nodes of the wireless tracking system. In other embodiments, mapping engine  1720  may be implemented on client device  1420 , such as a component of app  1425  or separate application thereto. 
       FIG.  18    is a schematic diagram illustrating one example technique for determining a scale for image  1430 , where each geographic feature  1620  and  1622  (e.g., corners of building  1401 ) is matched to corresponding features shown within a geographic map  1800  (e.g., a street plan, a satellite view, etc.) to determine real locations  1820  and  1822  of geographic feature  1620  and  1622 , respectively. In the example of  FIG.  18   , geographic map  1800  shows an outline  1802  of building  1401  relative to streets  1804 ( 1 ) and  1804 ( 2 ), as found in a geographic map and or satellite view of the area. 
     Mapping engine  1720  determines map scale  1706  that is used to convert the relative coordinates (e.g., the image coordinates, pixel coordinates, etc.) and distances between points on image  1430  (e.g., environmental layout  1514 ) to geographic coordinates such that they relate to true, real-world physical distances and coordinates. To determine map scale  1706 , mapping engine  1720  selects geographic feature  1620  and  1622  on image  1430  of environmental layout  1514  that correspond to real-world geographic features. Geographic feature  1620  and  1622  are selected based on an input from user  1405  via interaction with client device  1420  (or another device), in some embodiments. For example, user may input indicate (e.g., input or select) two or more locations on image  1430  that correspond to corners of a building. In other embodiments, mapping engine  1720  automatically selects geographic feature  1620  and  1622  using a computer vision algorithm (see  FIG.  23    and associated description) to identify corners of a building in image  1430  of environmental layout  1514 . 
     Mapping engine  1720  may then determine a corresponding vector  1806  between the real geographic locations that, with the distance (e.g., in pixels) between the marked geographic features  1620  and  1622  in image  1430 , allows mapping engine  1720  to determine a map scale  1706  (e.g., one or more of orientation, reference, and scaling factor) for image  1430 . That is, the distance between the marked geographic features  1620  and  1622  in image  1430  corresponds to the determined length of vector  1806 . Further, vector  1806  may also be used to define the orientation and geographic reference of image  1430 . Mapping engine  1720  processes image  1430  and geographic features  1620  and  1622  to generate a geographic layout  1704  that is scaled, orientated, and references to geographic coordinates. In certain embodiments, geographic layout  1704  includes image  1430  and map scale  1706 . Mapping engine  1720  sends geographic layout  1704  to one or both of a location tracking database  1730  of the wireless tracking system and client device  1420 . In certain embodiments, mapping engine  1720  may combine multiple partial layouts (e.g., each represented by an environmental layout) s into a single geographic layout  1704 . 
     In certain embodiments, a current location of client device  1420  is used to retrieve geographic map  1800 . For example, GNSS location (e.g., GPS) or cellular-based location methods on client device  1420  (e.g., a smartphone) are used to determine a current location of client device  1420 . In situations where GNSS location operates within building  1401 , user  1405  may define geographic features  1620  and  1622  by moving to a location within building  1401  and interacting with the client device  1420  to input a point (e.g., dropping a pin) on image  1430  of environmental layout  1514  corresponding to their current location within building  1401 , and repeating this process at additional locations. Thus, geographic features  1620  and  1622  defined on image  1430  and corresponding real locations  1820  and  1822  may be provided by user  1405  and client device  1420 . In further embodiments, when user  1405  installs infrastructure node  1415  and defines its location on image  1430 , location data from client device  1420  is used to associate its location on image  1430  with geographic coordinates. Accordingly, when multiple infrastructure nodes  1415  are installed, their corresponding points on image  1430  and determined geographic coordinates of client device  1420  may be used to determine map scale  1706 . 
     Infrastructure nodes  1415  that include a GNSS location interface or cellular-based location capability may report their own geographic coordinates to the wireless tracking system and/or app  1425 . Since app  1425  also receives a point, via user interaction with client device  1420 , identifying the location of the installed infrastructure node on environmental layout  1514 , the geographic coordinates received from each infrastructure node  1415  may be used to determine map scale  1706  by determining a vector between each point representing infrastructure nodes  1415 , and determining scale based on the reported geographic coordinates from the infrastructure nodes  1415 . 
       FIG.  19    is a flowchart illustrating one example method  1900  for determining a map scale  1706  for image  1430  of at least a portion of displayed environmental layout  1410 . Method  1900  is implemented in mapping engine  1720  of  FIG.  17   , for example. 
     In block  1902 , method  1900  receives image of at least a portion of an environmental layout (e.g., a floorplan, a photograph of an operational area, or outdoor environmental layout). In one example of block  1902 , mapping engine  1720  receives image  1430  of environmental layout  1514  captured using client device  1420 . In another example of block  1902 , the image  1430  is downloaded from an image repository (e.g., a commercial real estate database, an emergency network database storing floorplans, environmental layouts, or images, or another image repository) having the environmental layout  1514 . 
     In block  1904 , method  1900  retrieves mapping data for a geographic area corresponding to the portion of the environment layout, the mapping data including at least a portion of a map. In one example of block  1904 , mapping engine  1720  retrieves geographic map  1800  corresponding to an address of building  1401 . 
     In block  1906 , method  1900  identifies real locations within the mapping data that correspond to two or more geographic features indicated within the image of the environment layout. In one example of block  1906 , mapping engine  1720  identifies real locations  1820  and  1822  on geographic map  1800  that correspond to geographic features  1620  and  1622  indicated with image  1430 . 
     In block  1908 , method  1900  determines geographic coordinates for each of the identified real locations. In one example of block  1908 , mapping engine  1720  determines geographic coordinates for of each of real locations  1820  and  1822 . 
     In block  1910 , method  1900  determine a first distance between the at least two real locations based on the geographic coordinates and a second distance between the geographic features within the image. In one example of block  1910 , mapping engine  1720  determines vector  1806  based on geographic coordinates of real locations  1820  and  1822  and a second distance between geographic features  1620  and  1622  indicated with image  1430 . 
     In block  1912 , method  1900  determines a map scale for the image of the portion of environment layout. In one example of block  1912 , mapping engine  1720  determines a map scale based on vector  1806  and the distance in pixels between geographic features  1620  and  1622  indicated with image  1430 . 
     In certain embodiments, mapping engine  1720  generates a graphical representative drawing (e.g., a 2D or 3D drawing) of the environment layout for use in lieu of image  1430  of the floorplan. For example, mapping engine  1720  may convert the photograph of the floorplan into a computer-generated drawing (e.g., a simple line drawing, vector drawing, or CAD model) that is more easily used and viewed in app  1425 . Advantageously, the computer-generated image may have better visual clarity as compared to a photograph of the environmental layout (e.g., a floorplan). 
       FIG.  20    is a data flow diagram illustrating example data movement to update and/or define location and radius of added infrastructure nodes. User  1405  installs and configures infrastructure node  1415  and uses the graphical user interface of app  1425  to define a location of infrastructure node  1415  within image  1430 . For example, app  1425  may detect user interaction with the client device  1420  that defines the location of infrastructure node  1415  within image  1430  (e.g., user dropping a pin at a location or otherwise indicating a location point in the image  1430 ), and app  1425  may determine infrastructure location  2030  as pixel coordinates of the selected location within image  1430 . App  1425  may also detect user interaction with the client device that defines a detection radius  2035  of infrastructure node  1415 . 
     In one example of operation, user  1405  may use client device  1420  to scan a barcode of infrastructure node  1415  and retrieve configuration data for infrastructure node  1415  based on the scanned identifier from the wireless tracking system (e.g., from location tracking database  1730 ). In some embodiments, client device  1420  pairs and configures infrastructure node  1415  based on the retrieved configuration data. App  1425  may also detect user interaction with client device  1420  that defines certain configuration parameters for infrastructure node  1415 , such as a detection range. For example, user  1405  may set a detection radius for infrastructure node  1415  during its configuration. In one example, app  1425  determines detection radius  2035  (e.g., defined as pixel coordinates) by detecting that the user  1405  drags a distance from the defined location of infrastructure node  1415  within image  1430 . In another example, app  1425  receives an input value (e.g., three meters) defining detection radius  2035 . In another example, user  1405  traces an outline within image  1430  to define an irregularly shaped detection area of infrastructure node  1415  (e.g., where detection range of infrastructure node  1415  is restricted by structure of building  1401 ). 
     App  1425  sends infrastructure location  2030  and detection radius  2035  to the wireless tracking system where it may be converted to geographic coordinates and stored in location tracking database  1730 . App  1425  and other nodes of the wireless tracking system may then retrieve updated infrastructure data  2040  from location tracking database  1730  for use in locating assets within building  1401 . In certain embodiments, infrastructure data  2040  is an image including environmental layout  1514 , infrastructure node graphical elements, and detection range graphical elements. Gateway nodes (e.g., stationary gateway  814   FIG.  8   ) of the wireless tracking system may download and locally store at least part of infrastructure data  2040 . For example, infrastructure node  1415  may download at least part of geographic layout  1704 , infrastructure location  2030 , and detection radius  2035 . 
       FIG.  21 A  is a schematic of building  1401  of  FIG.  14    showing example positions for four infrastructure nodes  1415 ( 1 )-( 4 ). Infrastructure nodes  1415  are positioned within different spaces of building  1401  to provide the wireless tracking system with tracking coverage therein. For purpose of the following example,  FIG.  21 A  also shows an example asset  2102  (e.g., package  110 ,  FIG.  1   ), fitted with a tracking node  2104  (e.g., segment  113 ,  FIG.  1   , tape node  818 ,  FIG.  8   , etc.), located within building  1401 . Tracking node  2104  may represent an adhesive tape platform node attached to mobile asset  2102  that is moved around, such as during delivery of the asset. Tracking node  2104  may also be referred to as an “asset node.” 
       FIG.  21 B  shows one example mapping display  2100  (e.g., as displayed by client device  1420 ) and illustrating at least part of infrastructure data  2040  corresponding to building  1401  of  FIG.  14   . For example, app  1425  may retrieve, from internal memory of client device  1420  or from an external server hosting location tracking database  1730 , at least part of infrastructure data  2040  based on its determined location within building  1401 . In certain embodiments, app  1425  may determine its location based on wireless signals from one or more infrastructure nodes  1415 . Mapping display  2100  includes at least part of environmental layout  1514  overlayed with a map scale bar  2105 , at least one node graphical element  2115  each representing a location of one infrastructure node  1415 , and one detection range graphical element  2120  for each node graphical element  2115 . For example, node graphical element  2115 ( 1 ) represents a location of a first infrastructure node  1415 ( 1 ) within building  1401 , and node graphic element  2115 ( 2 ) represents a location of a second infrastructure node  1415 ( 2 ) within building  1401 . Detection range graphical element  2120 ( 1 ) represents a detection range of the first infrastructure node  1415 ( 1 ) and detection range graphical element  2120 ( 2 ) represents a detection range of the second infrastructure node  1415 ( 2 ). Advantageously, mapping display  2100  allows user  1405  to rapidly assimilate coverage of infrastructure nodes  1415  within at least part of building  1401 . 
     Infrastructure nodes  1415  are configured to detect tracking node  2104  (or any wireless node) when it enters a detection region of the infrastructure node based on wireless communications between the infrastructure node and the other wireless node. Each infrastructure node  1415  may be configured to detect/report to the wireless tracking system (e.g., wireless tracking system  800 ,  FIG.  8   ) all wireless nodes of the tracking system that wirelessly communicate with the infrastructure node and are within a detection range (e.g., 2.5 meters) of the infrastructure node. The detection region of each infrastructure node may be adjustable and may be less than a maximum communication range of the infrastructure node. For example, tracking node  2104  and infrastructure node  1415  may be able to communicate outside the detection range (e.g., with a weaker signal at longer distances), but ignore each other until tracking node  2104  is within the defined detection range of infrastructure node  1415 . For example, a desired detection range may be set during configuration of the infrastructure node. In certain embodiments, infrastructure node  1415  is configured to determine a distance (based partially on received signal strength, e.g., RSSI) of tracking node  2104 , reporting its location when the distance is within the detection range and ignoring any tracking node that is at a distance greater than the detection range. In other embodiments, infrastructure node  1415  broadcasts its detection range and tracking node  2104  only communicates with infrastructure node  1415  when it determines, based on signal strength for example, that it is within the detection range of the infrastructure node. 
     In certain embodiments, tracking node  2104  receives a broadcast from infrastructure node  1415  that includes a description of the detection range (e.g., a detection radius) of the infrastructure node. Tracking node  2104  then determines its distance from the first wireless node (e.g., based on signal strength) and when the distance is greater than the defined detection range, tracking node  2104  does not interact with infrastructure node  1415 . 
       FIG.  22    shows one example mapping display  2200  (e.g., as displayed by client device  1420 ) showing at least part of infrastructure data  2040  corresponding to building  1401  of  FIG.  14    and illustrating one example augmented detection range graphical element  2220 ( 2 ) for node graphical element  2115 ( 2 ). Mapping display  2200  is shows at greater magnification than mapping display  2100  of  FIG.  21    and includes a corresponding map scale bar  2202 , indicative of the scale of mapping display  2200 . Particularly, augmented detection range graphical element  2220 ( 2 ) depicting a more accurate detection range for the second infrastructure node  1415 ( 2 ) corresponding to the shape and size of a room  2204  where it is located. For example, where walls of room  2204  restrict or block transmission of wireless signals, app  1425  may detect interaction with client device  1420  by user  1405  that defines augmented detection range graphical element  2220 ( 2 ) to represent the detection area of the second infrastructure node  1415 ( 2 ) more accurately. In one example, interfering or blocking portions of environmental layout  1514  may be indicated by user  1405  via interaction with client device  1420  and app  1425 . For example, app  1425  detect user  1405  interaction with client device  1420  to draw a shape of the detection region on the mapping display  2200 . That is, mapping display  2200  includes an option to draw on a touch screen of client device  1420  (or using a mouse, electronic pencil, etc.) to depict the detection region overlaid on environmental layout  1514 . In another example, the wireless tracking system determines the interfering or blocking portions of environmental layout  1514  based on retrieved data from infrastructure nodes  1415 . In another example, a detection range of one or more infrastructure nodes  1415  may be augmented/adjusted based on sensor data collected by infrastructure nodes  1415  (or other wireless nodes) in the environment. For example, one or more tape nodes in the environment may include a humidity sensor. Based on a detected humidity level in the environment of a wireless node, the detection region of the wireless node may be adjusted. For example, a radius of a detection region may be reduced when a higher-than-normal humidity level is detected. In certain embodiments, the detection region is augmented based on receiving sensor data outside of a normal range. In another embodiment, detection region may be augmented based on known construction characteristics of structure indicated within the environmental layout such as when a wall indicated in the environmental layout is configured in a manner that wireless signals will not propagate well through a thick wall, or a steel wall, or a vault, etc. 
     Advantageously, by more accurately representing the detection range of each infrastructure node  1415 , user  1405  has a greater understanding of tracking by the wireless tracking system and is thereby aided in finding tracked assets (e.g., asset  2102  with tracking node  2104 ) within building  1401 . 
       FIG.  23    is a data flow diagram illustrating one example training configuration  2300  for training a mapping machine learning model  2302  to automatically scale, orient, and reference an environmental layout (e.g., a floorplan) image to a geographic map.  FIG.  24    is a data flow diagram illustrating example use of trained mapping machine learning model  2302  of  FIG.  23    within mapping engine  1720  of  FIG.  17   .  FIGS.  23  and  24    and best viewed together with the following description. 
     Mapping machine learning model  2302  receives training geographic maps  2305  from a training map database  2304 , training layout images  2307  from a training layout image database  2306 , and optionally, training image points and geographic coordinate labels  2309  from a training image point and geographic coordinate label database  2308 . For supervised learning, a user optionally inputs training points on the training images and defines corresponding geographic coordinate labels. Mapping machine learning model  2302  processes training geographic maps  2305 , training layout images  2307 , and optionally, training image points and geographic coordinate labels  2309  to generate trained parameters  2310 . 
     Mapping engine  1720  receives image  1430  and an address  2430  (e.g., a postal address of building  1401  or other geographic reference for the area) from client device  1420 , Mapping engine  1720  retrieves a geographic area map  2406  from mapping database  2404  based on address  2430  and then controls mapping machine learning model  2302  to use trained parameters  2310  to match image  1430  to geographic area map  2406  to generate geographic layout  2408  including image  1430  and map scale  1706  that defines orientation, reference, and scaling factor for image  1430 . That is, trained mapping machine learning model  2302  automatically aligns and scales image  1430  with geographic area map  2406 . 
     As described above, mapping engine  1720  allows user  1405  to capture an image of a displayed layout and use it to accurately define locations of infrastructure nodes and their detection ranges. Advantageously, the infrastructure nodes may be deployed and located without requiring a trained technician, since user  1405  may use client device  1420  to generate and calibrate the imaged layout (e.g., environmental layout  1514 ) for use with defining added infrastructure locations and for locating tracked assets. 
       FIG.  25    is a schematic illustrating one example mapping interface  2500  showing environmental layout  1514 , a map scale  2502 , node graphical elements  2515  and corresponding detection range graphical elements  2520 . Mapping interface  2500  allows user  1405  to quickly see tracking coverage by the wireless tracking system within the displayed portion of building  1401 . Mapping interface  2500  may allow user  1405  to zoom in and out and pan the displayed environmental layout as needed to view the desired detail. 
     In the example of  FIG.  25   , detection range graphical elements  2520  further illustrate overlap that provide additional information for locating tracked assets, particularly where the node on the asset is concurrently detected by two different infrastructure nodes  1415 . 
       FIG.  25    also shows a client graphical element  2504  that indicates a current location of client device  1420  within environmental layout  1514 . For example, client device  1420  may determine its location based on one or more of cellular triangulation/trilateration, GPS, Wi-Fi RSS, or based on trilateration of a Bluetooth connection with infrastructure nodes  1415 . App  1425  may then convert, using map scale  1706 , the determined location of client device  1420  to pixel coordinates and overlay client graphical element  2504  onto image  1430 . Accordingly, user  1405  may easily see their relative location when searching for an asset. Although the client graphical element  2504  is shown as a circle in the example of  FIG.  25   , the graphical element  2504  may be visually different, according to other embodiments. For instance, the client graphical element  2504  may be a graphical representation of a person, have a shape of a chevron, or include other graphics. 
       FIG.  26    is a flowchart illustrating one example method  2600  for overlaying a scaled version of a detection region of an infrastructure node on an image of a portion of a environmental layout in a mapping user interface. Method  2600  is implemented in mapping engine  1720  of  FIG.  17    for example. 
     In block  2602 , method  2600  retrieve positions of infrastructure nodes in a portion of an environment. In one example of block  2602 , mapping engine  1720  receives geographic location information (e.g., geographic coordinates) of infrastructure nodes  1415 ( 1 )-( 4 ). In another example of block  2602 , mapping engine  1720  receives relative location information (e.g., cartesian coordinates relative to image  1430 ) of infrastructure nodes  1415 ( 1 )-( 4 ). In certain embodiments, location tracking database  1730  stores one or both of geographic coordinates and cartesian coordinates of each infrastructure node  1415 . 
     In block  2604 , method  2600  retrieves a map scale for an image of the portion of the environment. In one example of block  2604 , mapping engine  1720  retrieves map scale  1706  for image  1430 . In block  2606 , method  2600  retrieves detection regions for the infrastructure nodes. In one example of block  2606 , mapping engine  1720  retrieves detection radius  2035  from location tracking database  1730 . 
     In block  2608 , where geographic location information is retrieved in block  2602 , method  2600  converts infrastructure node location from geographic coordinates to pixel coordinates based on the map scale. In one example of block  2608 , mapping engine  1720  uses map scale  1706  to convert geographic coordinates of infrastructure node  1415  to pixel coordinates of image  1430 , and converts detection radius  2035  from a distance (e.g., four meters) to pixel coordinates of image  1430 . 
     In block  2610 , method  2600  generates node graphical elements and detection region graphical elements. In one example of block  2610 , mapping engine  1720  uses map scale  1706  to generate node graphical element  2115 ( 1 ), node graphic element  2115 ( 2 ), detection range graphical element  2120 ( 1 ), and detection range graphical element  2120 ( 2 ) as overlays for image  1430 . 
     In block  2612 , method  2600  overlays the node graphical elements and the detection region graphical elements on the image of the portion of the environment. In one example of block  2612 , mapping engine  1720  overlays node graphic element  2115 ( 1 ), node graphic element  2115 ( 2 ), detection range graphical element  2120 ( 1 ), and detection range graphical element  2120 ( 2 ) into image  1430  based on the determined pixel coordinates. 
     Improved Asset Location 
       FIG.  27    shows one example locating interface  2700  that is generated by mapping engine  1720  of  FIG.  17    to aid user  1405  in locating tracking node  2104 , and thereby asset  2102 . Locating interface  2700  is displayed by client device  1420  when a search is initiated and may include an interactive dialog box  2702  for receiving an asset identifier  2704  corresponding to asset  2102  for example. For example, app  1425  running on client device  1420  may implement an asset location application that implement locating interface  2700 . In one example, client device  1420  detects interaction by user  1405  entering asset identifier  2704 . In another example, user  1405  controls client device  1420  to scan a barcode or QR code corresponding to asset  2102  and/or tracking node  2104 . For example, the corresponding barcode may be a valet tag or portion (e.g., a tear-off portion) of tracking node  2104  that is separated from asset  2102 . In another example, the wireless tracking system determines that tracking node  2104  is outside an expected area and initiates a search for tracking node  2104 . In another example, the wireless tracking system determines that no communication between tracking node  2104  and an expected infrastructure node  1415  has occurred for over a threshold period of time and initiates a search for tracking node  2104 . 
     App  1425  sends asset identifier  2704  to mapping engine  1720 , which may communicate with other components of the wireless tracking system to translate the asset identifier  2704  into a node identifier as needed. 
     Mapping engine  1720  interrogates location tracking database  1730  (and/or other components of the wireless tracking system, such as server  804 ) to determine a communication recency between each infrastructure node  1415 ( 1 )-( 4 ) and tracking node  2104  (e.g., when each infrastructure node  1415 ( 1 )-( 4 ) last communicated with tracking node  2104 ). In the example of  FIG.  27   , infrastructure nodes  1415 ( 1 ) and  1415 ( 2 ) are currently communicating with tracking node  2104 , infrastructure node  1415 ( 3 ) recently (e.g., within the last two hours) communicated with tracking node  2104 , and infrastructure node  1415 ( 4 ) communicated with tracking node  2104  in the past (e.g., more than two hours ago). In certain embodiments, based on the communication recency of each infrastructure node  1415 , mapping engine  1720  generates node graphical elements  2715  with a characteristic (e.g., one or more of shape, fill, size, color, etc.) corresponding to their communication recency. In the example of  FIG.  27   , mapping engine  1720  generates node graphical elements  2715 ( 1 ) and  2715 ( 2 ) using a first color (e.g., green) to indicate current communication, generates node graphical element  2715 ( 3 ) in a second color (e.g., yellow) to indicate recent communication, and generates node graphical element  2715 ( 4 ) in a third color (e.g., red) to indicate past communication. As appreciated, more of fewer communication period and/or different characteristics may be used without departing from the scope hereof. In certain embodiments, mapping engine  1720  may display node graphical elements  2715  for infrastructure nodes  1415  that have never communicated with tracking node  2104  on the asset as gray nodes. Colors green, red, yellow, and gray are used as example herein, however, the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited these colors, shapes, and graphics. 
     In certain embodiments, mapping engine  1720  may depict detection range graphical elements  2720  of each infrastructure node  1415  in a corresponding color based on the last communication status of each infrastructure node  1415 . For example, mapping engine  1720  generates detection range graphical elements  2720 ( 1 ) and  2720 ( 2 ) in a translucent green color, detection range graphical element  2720 ( 3 ) in a translucent yellow color, and detection range graphical element  2720 ( 4 ) in a translucent red color. Accordingly, areas of environmental layout  1514  covered in translucent green represent areas of building  1401  where the asset is likely to be found. Advantageously, Advantageously, locating interface  2700  allows user  1405  to rapidly assimilate locations where the asset is likely to be found. More particularly, an overlap area  2706  of detection range graphical elements  2720 ( 1 ) and  2720 ( 2 ) represents the most likely location for the asset, since it is currently in communication with both infrastructure node  1415 ( 1 ) and  1415 ( 2 ). 
       FIG.  28    shows one example locating interface  2800  that is similar to locating interface  2700  of  FIG.  27    but where mapping engine  1720  has hidden less important detection range graphical elements  2720 ( 3 ) and  2720 ( 4 ). In this example, importance is determines based on the last communication time, where current communication is the highest importance, and no communication is the lowest importance. Accordingly, mapping engine  1720  displays detection range graphical elements  2720  of the highest importance available within the portion of the environment displayed. In another example, when infrastructure nodes  1415 ( 1 ) and  1415 ( 2 ) are not currently communicating with tracking node  2104 , locating interface  2800  may only show node graphical element  2715 ( 3 ) (e.g., a yellow dot) and a corresponding detection range graphical element in translucent yellow. 
     Advantageously, by hiding less important detection range graphical elements  2720 ( 3 ) and  2720 ( 4 ), user  1405  is less distracted by less relevant data and learns more quickly of areas to search for asset  2102 . 
       FIG.  29    shows one example locating interface  2900  that is similar to locating interface  2800  of  FIG.  28    but where mapping engine  1720  only highlights overlap area  2706  of detection range graphical elements  2720 ( 1 ) and  2720 ( 2 ) in the translucent color (e.g., green). Advantageously, by only showing overlap area  2706  in translucent color, locating interface  2900  highlights the most important area for user  1405  to search for asset  2102 . In certain embodiments, overlap area  2706  is colored based on a number of overlapping detection range graphical elements  2720 . For example, the shade of green for overlap area  2706  is darker for higher numbers of detection range graphical elements  2720  that overlap. 
       FIG.  30    shows one example locating interface  3000  that is similar to locating interface  2900  of  FIG.  29    but where mapping engine  1720  further hides detection range graphical elements  2720 ( 1 ) and  2720 ( 2 ), leaving only overlap area  2706  in translucent color. In certain embodiments, overlap area  2706  may be represented as a generic shape (e.g., circle, rectangle, etc.) or a shape that matches the features of environmental layout  1410  (e.g., conforming to walls). Advantageously, by only showing overlap area  2706  in translucent color, locating interface  2900  highlights the most important area for user  1405  to search for the asset without the distraction of detection range graphical elements  2720 ( 1 ) and  2720 ( 2 ). 
     Locating interface  3000  may also show a client graphical element  3002  that indicates a current location of client device  1420  within environmental layout  1514 . Accordingly, user  1405  may easily see which direction to walk when searching for the asset. 
     In certain embodiments, locating interface  3000  may also display a route guidance graphical overlay  3006  (e.g., one or more arrows, a breadcrumb trail, etc.) that guide user  1405  from the location indicated by client graphical element  3002  to an area in which to search for asset  2102 . 
       FIGS.  31 A and  31 B  show example proximity searching interfaces  3102  and  3152 , respectively, for indicating proximity of client device  1420  to tracking node  2104  of asset  2102 . User  1405  may switch to one of proximity searching interfaces  3102  and  3152  as needed or app  1425  may automatically switch to one of proximity searching interfaces  3102 / 3152  when client device  1420  established communication with tracking node  2104 . For example, app  1425  may automatically stop displaying locating interface  3000  and display one of searching interfaces  3102  and  3152  as client device  1420  approaches tracking node  2014  and short-range communication is established between the client device and the tracking node. Proximity searching interfaces  3102  and  3152  may be particularly useful when asset  2102  is at least partially hidden from user  1405 . 
     When app  1425  is in communication with tracking node  2104 , app  1425  may determine a distance (e.g., based on signal strength) between client device  1420  and tracking node  2104 . Proximity searching interface  3102  shows a dial  3104  with a needle  3106  that are similar to a Geiger counter display. App  1425  causes needle  3106  to move from left to right, as indicated by arrow  3107 , based on a distance between client device  1420  and tracking node  2104 . That is, the closer client device  1420  gets to tracking node  2104 , the further right needle  3106 . App  1425  may also provide a visual prompt  3108  and/or an audio signal  3110  indicative of proximity of client device  1420  to tracking node  2104 . For example, visual prompt  3108  may change messages at various distances, and audio signal  3110  may change characteristics (e.g., clicking rate, tone frequency, volume, etc., or combination thereof) based on the distance. 
     Proximity searching interface  3152  shows a bar  3154  with a filled portion  3156  that changes, as indicated by arrow  3157 , based on a distance between client device  1420  and tracking node  2104 . For example, as client device approaches tracking node  2104 , filled portion  3156  occupies more of bar  3154 . 
     Advantageously, through use of one or more locating interfaces  2700 ,  2800 ,  2900 , and  3000  of  FIGS.  27 ,  28 ,  29 , and  30   , and one or more of proximity searching interfaces  3102  and  3152  of  FIGS.  31 A and  31 B , app  1425  provides easily assimilated information for finding asset  2102  within building  1401 . 
       FIG.  32    is a global locating interface  3200  for locating an asset anywhere in the world. The wireless tracking system may include a global network of wireless nodes where locations of all wireless nodes in the wireless tracking system are recorded in location tracking database  1730 . 
     Global locating interface  3200  includes an interactive dialog box  3202  for receiving an asset identifier  2704  (e.g., entered by user  1405  or scanned from a barcode etc.), and at least part of a world map  3206 . Mapping engine  1720  searches location tracking database  1730  to retrieve infrastructure data corresponding to any globally located infrastructure nodes that have current communication, recent communication, or past communication, with the tracking node attached to the asset. Mapping engine  1720  then overlays, based on the recorded location of the globally located infrastructure nodes, a most relevant set of node graphical elements  3215 , where a color or other characteristic of each node graphical elements  3215  indicates a priority of the reported location for the asset. In the example of  FIG.  32   , global locating interface  3200  shows a green node graphical element  3215 ( 1 ) that indicates a location of an infrastructure node in current contact with the tracking node on the asset, two yellow node graphical elements  3215 ( 2 ) and  3215 ( 3 ) that indicate locations of infrastructure nodes in recent contact with the tracking node on the asset, and a red node graphical element  3215 ( 4 ) that indicates a location of an infrastructure node that has had past contact with the tracking node on the asset. 
     Advantageously, user  1405  may interact with client device  1420  and global locating interface  3200  to locate an asset (e.g., using its tracking node) that is currently communicating, has recently communicated, and/or has communicated in the past with infrastructure nodes. For example, global locating interface  3200  may allow user  1405  to zoom in on a specific location to view details at a more granular level. App  1425  may switch from global locating interface  3200  to one of locating interfaces  2700 ,  2800 ,  2900 ,  3000 , of  FIGS.  27 ,  28 ,  29 , and  30   , respectively, when user  1405  zooms in on a specific location. 
     In certain embodiments, non-infrastructure nodes of the wireless tracking system may operate to locate wireless tracking nodes. For example, app  1425  running on client device  1420  may operate as a gateway node (e.g., see mobile gateway  810  and client application  822  of  FIG.  8   ) that interacts and locates nearby wireless tracking nodes using its current location. 
     Each of locating interfaces  2700 ,  2800 ,  2900 ,  3000 , of  FIGS.  27 ,  28 ,  29 , and  30   , and global locating interface  3200  of  FIG.  30    may be updated in real time as client devices (e.g., client device  1420 ) move throughout an environment. 
       FIG.  33    shows an example embodiment of computer apparatus  3320  that, either alone or in combination with one or more other computing apparatus, is operable to implement one or more of the computer systems described in this specification. For example, computer apparatus  3320  may represent any of segments  113 ,  FIG.  1   , wireless transducing circuit  114 , wireless transducing circuit  410 ,  FIG.  4   , segments  640 ,  670 ,  680  of  FIGS.  6 A,  6 B, and  6 C , server(s)  804 , mobile gateways  810 ,  812 , and tape nodes  818 ,  828 ,  832 ,  842 ,  846 ,  860 ,  866  of  FIG.  8   , server(s)  904 , tape nodes  982 ,  976 ,  972  of  FIG.  9   , nodes  1120 ,  1126 ,  1134 ,  1138 ,  1158 ,  1160 ,  1162 , and  1151  of  FIGS.  11 A-C , nodes  1290 ,  1291 ,  1292 , and  1294  of  FIG.  12   , nodes  1330 ,  1338 , and  1340  of  FIG.  13   , infrastructure node  1415  and client device  1420  of  FIG.  14   , mapping engine  1720  of  FIG.  17   , and mapping machine learning model of  FIG.  23   . The computer apparatus  3320  includes a processing unit  3322 , a system memory  3324 , and a system bus  3326  that couples the processing unit  3322  to the various components of the computer apparatus  3320 . The processing unit  3322  may include one or more data processors, each of which may be in the form of any one of various commercially available computer processors. The system memory  3324  includes one or more computer-readable media that typically are associated with a software application addressing space that defines the addresses that are available to software applications. The system memory  3324  may include a read only memory (ROM) that stores a basic input/output system (BIOS) that contains start-up routines for the computer apparatus  3320 , and a random-access memory (RAM). The system bus  3326  may be a memory bus, a peripheral bus, or a local bus, and may be compatible with any of a variety of bus protocols, including PCI, VESA, Microchannel, ISA, and EISA. The computer apparatus  3320  also includes a persistent storage memory  3328  (e.g., a hard drive, a floppy drive, a CD ROM drive, magnetic tape drives, flash memory devices, and digital video disks) that is connected to the system bus  3326  and contains one or more computer-readable media disks that provide non-volatile or persistent storage for data, data structures and computer-executable instructions. 
     A user may interact (e.g., input commands or data) with the computer apparatus  3320  using one or more input devices  3330  (e.g. one or more keyboards, computer mice, microphones, cameras, joysticks, physical motion sensors, and touch pads). Information may be presented through a graphical user interface (GUI) that is presented to the user on a display monitor  3332 , which is controlled by a display controller  3334 . The computer apparatus  3320  also may include other input/output hardware (e.g., peripheral output devices, such as speakers and a printer). The computer apparatus  3320  connects to other network nodes through a network adapter  3336  (also referred to as a “network interface card” or NIC). 
     A number of program modules may be stored in the system memory  3324 , including application programming interfaces  3338  (APIs), an operating system (OS)  3340  (e.g., the Windows® operating system available from Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash. U.S.A.), software applications  3341  including one or more software applications programming the computer apparatus  3320  to perform one or more of the steps, tasks, operations, or processes of the positioning and/or tracking systems described herein, drivers  3342  (e.g., a GUI driver), network transport protocols  3344 , and data  3346  (e.g., input data, output data, program data, a registry, and configuration settings). 
     Additional Configuration Information 
     The foregoing description of the embodiments of the disclosure have been presented for the purpose of illustration; it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the precise forms disclosed. Persons skilled in the relevant art can appreciate that many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above disclosure. 
     Some portions of this description describe the embodiments of the disclosure in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on information. These algorithmic descriptions and representations are commonly used by those skilled in the data processing arts to convey the substance of their work effectively to others skilled in the art. These operations, while described functionally, computationally, or logically, are understood to be implemented by computer programs or equivalent electrical circuits, microcode, or the like. Furthermore, it has also proven convenient at times, to refer to these arrangements of operations as modules, without loss of generality. The described operations and their associated modules may be embodied in software, firmware, hardware, or any combinations thereof. 
     Any of the steps, operations, or processes described herein may be performed or implemented with one or more hardware or software modules, alone or in combination with other devices. In one embodiment, a software module is implemented with a computer program product comprising a computer-readable medium containing computer program code, which can be executed by a computer processor for performing any or all of the steps, operations, or processes described. 
     Embodiments of the disclosure may also relate to an apparatus for performing the operations herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, and/or it may comprise a general-purpose computing device selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Such a computer program may be stored in a non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium, or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, which may be coupled to a computer system bus. Furthermore, any computing systems referred to in the specification may include a single processor or may be architectures employing multiple processor designs for increased computing capability. 
     Embodiments of the disclosure may also relate to a product that is produced by a computing process described herein. Such a product may comprise information resulting from a computing process, where the information is stored on a non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium and may include any embodiment of a computer program product or other data combination described herein. 
     Finally, the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and it may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter. It is therefore intended that the scope of the disclosure be limited not by this detailed description, but rather by any claims that issue on an application based hereon. Accordingly, the disclosure of the embodiments is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the disclosure, which is set forth in the following claims. 
     In certain embodiments, a method of finding an asset, includes: determining a distance between a client device and a tracking node of the asset based at list in part on a signal strength of a wireless communication between the client device and the tracking node; and displaying, on the client device, a searching interface having a graphical meter, wherein the graphical meter indicates the distance between the client device and the tracking node. 
     The method may further include displaying a needle on a scale to form the graphical meter, wherein the needle moves in real time based on the distance between the client device and the tracking node. 
     The method may further include displaying a fill bar on a bar scale to form the graphical meter, wherein the fill bar moves in real time based on the distance between the client device and the tracking node. 
     The method may further include generating an audio output indicative of the distance between the client device and the tracking node. Wherein audio characteristics of the audio output indicate the distance, wherein the audio characteristics are selected from the group comprising: a frequency of a clicking sound, a frequency of a tone, and a volume of the tone. 
     Combination of Features 
     Features described above as well as those claimed below may be combined in various ways without departing from the scope hereof. The following enumerated examples illustrate some possible, non-limiting combinations: 
     (A1) A method includes: receiving an image of at least part of an environmental layout; receiving at least two geographic feature locations associated with the image; determining at least two geographic locations each corresponding to a respective one of the at least two geographic feature locations; determining a map scale for the images based on the at least two geographic feature locations and the at least two geographic locations; and wherein the map scale allows conversion between points on the image and geographic locations. 
     (A2) In embodiments of (A1), the at least part of the environmental layout comprises at least part of a floorplan. 
     (A3) In either of embodiments (A1) or (A2), the image being captured by, and received from, a client device. 
     (A4) In any of embodiments (A1)-(A3), the determining at least two geographic locations includes training a machine learning model to match the at least two geographic feature locations to matched geographic locations of a geographic map; and determining the at least two geographic locations each corresponding to a respective one of the matched geographic locations. 
     (A5) In any of embodiments (A1)-(A4), the map scale defining an orientation, a reference, and a scaling factor for the image. 
     (A6) In any of embodiments (A1)-(A5), using at least the image and the map scale to form a geographic layout of an area at least partially represented by the image. 
     (A7) Any of embodiments (A1)-(A6) further including retrieving an infrastructure location for each of at least one infrastructure node in an environment; retrieving at least part of the geographic layout based at least in part on the infrastructure location; generating a mapping interface based at least in part on the at least part of the geographic layout; generating a node graphical element for each of the at least one infrastructure node based on the map scale; and overlaying the node graphical element on the mapping interface based at least in part on the infrastructure location and the map scale. 
     (A8) Any of embodiments (A1)-(A7) further including retrieving a detection region for each of the at least one infrastructure node; generating a detection range graphical element based on the detection region and the map scale; and overlaying the detection range graphical element on the mapping interface based at least in part on the infrastructure location and the map scale. 
     (A9) In any of embodiments (A1)-(A8), the node graphical element being scaled based on the map scale. 
     (A10) Any of embodiments (A1)-(A9) further including determining a tracking node corresponding to an asset to be found; identifying at least one infrastructure node having communicated with the tracking node; determining, for each of the at least one infrastructure node, a communication recency between the infrastructure node and the tracking node, wherein a priority order of values for the communication recency from highest to lowest is: current communication, recently communicated, and past communication; retrieving an infrastructure location for each of the at least one infrastructure node; retrieving at least part of the geographic layout based on the infrastructure location; generating a locating interface based on the at least part of the geographic layout; generating a node graphical element for each of the at least one infrastructure node based on the map scale, wherein a characteristic of the node graphical element is based on the communication recency; and overlaying the node graphical element on the locating interface based on the infrastructure location and the map scale. 
     (A11) Any of embodiments (A1)-(A10) further including retrieving a detection region for each of the at least one infrastructure node; generating a detection range graphical element based on the detection region and the map scale, wherein a characteristic of the node graphical element is based on the communication recency; and overlaying the detection range graphical element on the locating interface based at least in part on the infrastructure location and the map scale. 
     (A12) Any of embodiments (A1)-(A11) further including retrieving a detection region for each of the at least one infrastructure node; when the communication recency of the at least one infrastructure node is at a highest priority, generating a detection range graphical element based on the detection region and the map scale, wherein a color of the node graphical element is based on the communication recency; and overlaying the detection range graphical element on the locating interface based on the infrastructure location and the map scale. 
     (A13) Any of embodiments (A1)-(A12) further including determining at least two of the at least one infrastructure node having the communication recency of current communication; retrieving a detection region for each of the at least two infrastructure nodes; generating an overlap area graphical element for an overlap area between the detection region of each of the at least two infrastructure nodes; and overlaying the overlap area graphical element on the locating interface based on the infrastructure location and the map scale. 
     (A14) Any of embodiments (A1)-(A13) further including determining a current location of a client device; generating a client device graphical element for the client device; and overlaying the client device graphical element on the locating interface based on the current location and the map scale. 
     (A15) In any of embodiments (A1)-(A14), the node graphical element being scaled based on the map scale. 
     (A16) In any of embodiments (A1)-(A15), the determining the tracking node including detecting user interaction with a user device indicating request from a user to find the asset. 
     (A17) In any of embodiments (A1)-(A16), the determining the tracking node including determining that the tracking node is outside an expected area. 
     (A18) In any of embodiments (A1)-(A17), the determining the tracking node including determining that the tracking node has not communicated with an expected infrastructure node for over a threshold period of time. 
     (B1) A method includes: receiving an image captured by a user device of at least part of an environmental layout; generating, based on the image, a geographic layout associated with an area depicted in the image; and outputting the geographic layout for use in a client device interface. 
     (B2) In embodiments of (B1), the user device is the same device running the client device interface. 
     (B3) In either of embodiments (B1) or (B2), the outputting including storing the geographic layout in a cloud server for on-demand access by another user device. 
     (B4) Any of embodiments (B1)-(B3) further including receiving at least two geographic feature locations associated with the image; determining at least two geographic locations each corresponding to a respective one of the at least two geographic feature locations; determining a map scale for the image based on the at least two geographic feature locations and the at least two geographic locations; and wherein the map scale allows conversion between points on the image and geographic locations. 
     (B5) In any of embodiments (B1)-(B4), the receiving, from the user device, at least two geographic feature locations including receiving Cartesian coordinates of the at least two geographic feature locations interactively selected on the image by the user. 
     (B6) Any of embodiments (B1)-(B5) further including receiving an indication of a tracking node to be tracked; determining a location of the tracking node; accessing a location database to retrieve at least part of the geographic layout associated with the determined location; and outputting the associated geographic layout to the user device. 
     (B7) In any of embodiments (B1)-(B6), receiving the indication including determining that the tracking node has not communicated with an infrastructure node for at least a predefined period. 
     (B8) In any of embodiments (B1)-(B7), receiving the indication including detecting user interaction with the user device indicating a request from a user to find an asset associated with the tracking node. 
     (B9) In any of embodiments (B1)-(B8), the client device interface is an asset location application. 
     (B10) Any of embodiments (B1)-(B9) further including receiving a location of an infrastructure node; and overlaying a graphical representation of the infrastructure node on the geographic layout at a position corresponding to the received location of the infrastructure node. 
     (B11) In any of embodiments (B1)-(B10), the receiving the location of the infrastructure node including receiving, from the user device, Cartesian coordinates indicative of a user selected location of the infrastructure node on the geographic layout. 
     (C1) A method includes: determining a tracking node corresponding to an asset to be found; identifying at least one infrastructure node having communicated with the tracking node; determining, for each of the at least one infrastructure node, a communication recency between the infrastructure node and the tracking node, wherein a priority order of values for the communication recency from highest to lowest is: current communication, recently communicated, and past communication; retrieving an infrastructure location for each of the at least one infrastructure node; retrieving at least part of a geographic layout based on the infrastructure location; generating a locating interface based on the at least part of the geographic layout; generating a node graphical element for each of the at least one infrastructure node, wherein a characteristic of the node graphical element is based on the communication recency; and overlaying the node graphical element on the locating interface based on the infrastructure location. 
     (C2) The embodiment (C1) further including retrieving a detection region for each of the at least one infrastructure node; generating a detection range graphical element based on the detection region, wherein a characteristic of the node graphical element is based on the communication recency; and overlaying the detection range graphical element on the locating interface based at least in part on the infrastructure location. 
     (C3) In either of embodiments (C1) or (C2), communication between the tracking node at the at last one infrastructure node occurs only when the tracking node is within the detection region of the infrastructure node. 
     (C4) In any of embodiments (C1)-(C3), the infrastructure node determines a range of the tracking node and communicates only when the range indicates the tracking node is within the detection region. 
     (C5) In any of embodiments (C1)-(C4), the infrastructure node broadcasts its detection region and the tracking node communicates with the infrastructure node only when the tracking node determines it is within the detection region. 
     (C6) In any of embodiments (C1)-(C5), the detection region is less than a maximum wireless communication range of the infrastructure node. 
     (C7) Any of embodiments (C1)-(C6) further including retrieving a detection region for each of the at least one infrastructure node; when the communication recency of the at least one infrastructure node is at a highest priority, generating a detection range graphical element based on the detection region and the map scale, wherein a color of the node graphical element is based on the communication recency; and overlaying the detection range graphical element on the locating interface based on the infrastructure location and the map scale. 
     (C8) Any of embodiments (C1)-(C7) further including determining at least two of the at least one infrastructure node having the communication recency of current communication; retrieving a detection region for each of the at least two infrastructure nodes; generating an overlap area graphical element for an overlap area between the detection region of each of the at least two infrastructure nodes; and overlaying the overlap area graphical element on the locating interface based on the infrastructure location and the map scale. 
     (C9) Any of embodiments (C1)-(C8) further including the method includes determining a current location of a client device; generating a client device graphical element for the client device; and overlaying the client device graphical element on the locating interface based on the current location and the map scale. 
     Changes may be made in the above methods and systems without departing from the scope hereof. It should thus be noted that the matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings should be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. The following claims are intended to cover all generic and specific features described herein, as well as all statements of the scope of the present method and system, which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall therebetween.