Patent Publication Number: US-2021165461-A1

Title: Articles with textured surfaces and methods of making same

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a divisional application and claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/190,930 filed on Nov. 14, 2018, which in turn, claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/589,119 filed on Nov. 21, 2017, the contents of each of which are relied upon and incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The present disclosure relates to articles having, and methods for providing, an improved textured surface on a substrate to provide a tactile feature, such as on a substrate used on a consumer article. 
     As the sophistication of consumers continues to evolve and increase, the importance of aesthetic features (such as tactile features and visual features), especially the integration of form and function, also increases. Nowhere is this more evident than in the field of consumer electronics, such as in the design of mobile electronic devices (such as, mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, phablets, notebook computers, laptops, etc.). There have been many instances in which a consumer electronic device that exhibits some enhanced aesthetic feature over competing devices will enjoy significantly higher acceptance in the marketplace despite relatively comparable functional characteristics. 
     For example, there have been efforts in the marketplace to texture the surface(s) of a mobile electronic device to provide a tactile feature, such as to the back side of a mobile phone. Previous efforts to provide a textured surface having proven to be costly and time consuming. Accordingly, there are needs in the art for new articles having, and methods for providing, a textured surface on an article having a tactile feature. 
     SUMMARY 
     In a first aspect an article includes a substrate comprising a first major surface and a second major surface opposite the first major surface; a first layer disposed on the first major surface, wherein the first layer has an adherence to the substrate of greater than or equal to 4B according to a cross hatch adhesion test set forth in ASTM D3359-17; and at least one ink layer disposed on the first layer, wherein the at least one ink layer has a surface roughness Ra greater than or equal 50 nm to provide a textured surface. 
     In a second aspect, an article includes a substrate comprising a first major surface and a second major surface opposite the first major surface; a coating disposed on the first major surface, wherein the coating has an adherence to the substrate of greater than or equal to 4B according to a cross hatch adhesion test set forth in ASTM D3359-17, a gauge hardness greater than or equal to 4H according to a pencil test set forth in ASTM D3363-05(2011)e2, and a scratch hardness greater than or equal to 3H according to a pencil test set forth in ASTM D3363-05(2011)e2. 
     In a third aspect a consumer electronic product includes a housing having a front surface, a back surface and side surfaces; electrical components provided at least partially within the housing, the electrical components including at least a controller, a memory, and a display, the display being provided at or adjacent the front surface of the housing; and a cover substrate disposed over the display, wherein at least one of a portion of the housing or the cover substrate comprises any of the article described herein. 
     In a fourth aspect, a method for creating a textured surface includes applying a first layer to a first surface of a substrate such that the first layer has an adherence to the substrate of greater than or equal to 4B according to a cross hatch adhesion test set forth in ASTM D3359-17; and applying at least one ink layer to the first layer, wherein the at least one ink layer has a surface roughness Ra greater than or equal 50 nm to provide a textured surface. 
     In a fifth aspect, a method includes applying a coating to a first surface of a substrate such that the coating has an adherence to the substrate of greater than or equal to 4B according to a cross hatch adhesion test set forth in ASTM D3359-17, wherein the coating has a gauge hardness greater than or equal to 4H according to a pencil test set forth in ASTM D3363-05(2011)e2 and a scratch hardness greater than or equal to 3H according to a pencil test set forth in ASTM D3363-05(2011)e2. 
     Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, and in part will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing the embodiments as described herein, including the detailed description which follows, the claims, as well as the appended drawings. 
     It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary, and are intended to provide an overview or framework to understanding the nature and character of the claims. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate one or more embodiment(s), and together with the description serve to explain principles and operation of the various embodiments. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a side view of an exemplary article according to embodiments described herein; 
         FIG. 2  is a top view of the exemplary article of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a side view of another exemplary article according to embodiments described herein; 
         FIG. 4  is a side view of the exemplary article of  FIG. 1  having an extra layer  126 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a side view of the exemplary article of  FIG. 3  having an extra layer  126 ′; 
         FIG. 6A  is a plan view of an exemplary electronic device incorporating any of the strengthened articles disclosed herein; and 
         FIG. 6B  is a perspective view of the exemplary electronic device of  FIG. 6A . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiment(s), examples of which is/are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Whenever possible, the same reference numerals will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. 
     The present disclosure relates to an article having a textured surface and a method for making such a textured article. In some embodiments, the article may be incorporated into a consumer electronic device (e.g., a mobile electronic device, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a tablet, a phablet, a notebook computer, a laptop, etc.) as part of the housing, for example the back side of the housing. In some embodiments, the textured surface of the article provides tactile feedback when touched. In some embodiments, a coating in the form of a first layer and at least one ink layer is applied to the surface of a substrate to form the textured surface. Forming the textured surface from a coating provides some benefits over other methods of forming a textured surface such as etching the surface. The benefits include (1) increased mechanical strength of the substrate because etching the substrate typically reduces the surface strength of the substrate; (2) an increase in cost and time efficiency because applying the coating is typically cheaper and faster than etching; and (3) increased safety and environmental friendliness because etching typically involves the use of acidic solutions which pose safety risks to workers and concerns with proper disposal of the acidic solutions. 
     The present disclosure also relates to an article having a coating with suitable gauge hardness (for example a value of 4H or greater, 5H or greater, or 6H as determined by a pencil test) and suitable scratch hardness (for example a value of 3H or greater, 4H or greater, 5H or greater, or 6H as determined by a pencil test) and a method for making such a coated article. In some embodiments, the article may be incorporated into a consumer electronic device (e.g., a mobile electronic device, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a tablet, a phablet, a notebook computer, a laptop, etc.) as part of the housing, for example the back side of the housing. In some embodiments, the coating is textured and provides tactile feedback when touched. 
     The articles and methods for making the articles will now be described with reference to the FIGs.  FIG. 1  shows a side view of an exemplary article  100  with exemplary substrate  102  having a first major surface  104  and a second major surface  106  opposite first major surface  104  connected by at least one edge surface  108 . A coating  110  is disposed on first major surface  104  of substrate  102 . In some embodiments, coating  110  includes a first layer  112  having a first surface  114  and a second surface  116  and ink layer  118  having a first surface  120  and a second surface  122 . Second surface  116  of first layer  112  is disposed on first major surface  104  of substrate  102  and second surface  122  of ink layer  118  is disposed on first surface  114  of first layer  112 . First surface  120  of ink layer  118  functions as the textured surface of article  100 . As used herein disposed means directly or indirectly (e.g., having one or more layers inbetween) contacting. 
     Substrate  102  may be glass-based or a polymer material. As used herein a “glass-based” used to include any object made wholly or partly of glass, including glass-ceramics (including an amorphous phase and a crystalline phase). Thus a glass-based substrate may be a glass substrate or a glass-ceramic substrate. In some embodiments, the glass-based substrate may be strengthened or non-strengthened. As used herein, the term “strengthened substrate” refers to a glass substrate or a glass-ceramic substrate that has been chemically strengthened, for example through ion-exchange of larger ions for smaller ions in the surface of the glass or glass ceramic substrate, through thermal tempering, or through other strengthening methods known in the art. In some embodiments, a glass substrate may be selected from soda-lime silicate glass, alkali-alumino silicate glass, alkali-containing borosilicate glass, alkali-containing aluminoborosilicate glass, and alkali-containing phosphosilicate. 
     In some embodiments, when the substrate is a polymeric material, suitable polymeric materials include, but are not limited to: thermoplastics including polystyrene (PS) (including styrene copolymers and blends), polycarbonate (PC) (including copolymers and blends), polyesters (including copolymers and blends, including polyethyleneterephthalate and polyethyleneterephthalate copolymers), polyolefins (PO) and cyclicpolyolefins (cyclic-PO), polyvinylchloride (PVC), acrylic polymers including polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) (including copolymers and blends), thermoplastic urethanes (TPU), polyetherimide (PEI) and blends of these polymers with each other. Other exemplary polymers include epoxy, styrenic, phenolic, melamine, and silicone resins. 
     Substrate  102  may be substantially planar, although other embodiments may utilize a curved or otherwise shaped or sculpted substrate (e.g., having a 2.5-dimensional or 3-dimensional shape). In some embodiments, the thickness of the substrate may vary along one or more of its dimensions for aesthetic and/or functional reasons. For example, the edges of the substrate may be thicker as compared to more central regions of the substrate. The length, width and thickness dimensions of the substrate may also vary according to the enclosure application or use. 
     In some embodiments, first layer  112  may be any suitable material that maintains a sufficient adherence of ink layer  118  to substrate  102 , for example, first layer  112  has an adherence to substrate  102  and ink layer  118  of greater than or equal to 4B according to a cross hatch adhesion test set forth in ASTM D3359-17. In some embodiments, first layer  112  may act as a primer. In some embodiments, first layer  112  may be a polymer based material and may be thermally cured, for example in an oven, or cured by exposure to radiation, such as ultraviolet light (i.e., uv curable). In some embodiments, first layer  112  may contain a silicone resin component and in some embodiments, the silicon resin component may include a silsesquioxane component. In some embodiments, first layer  112  may be an ink, for example an inkjet ink. In some embodiments, the first layer may have a thickness of 3 μm or less, 2 μm or less, or 1 μm or less. In some embodiments, first layer  112  has a lesser thickness than ink layer  118 . 
     In some embodiments, ink layer  118  may be any suitable ink that maintains a sufficient adherence to first layer  112 , for example, ink layer  118  has an adherence to first layer  112  of greater than or equal to 4B according to a cross hatch adhesion test set forth in ASTM D3359-17. In some embodiments, ink layer  118  is a solvent-based ink. In some embodiments, ink layer  118  may be thermally cured, for example in an oven, or cured by exposure to radiation, such as ultraviolet light (i.e., uv curable). Ink layer  118  may be made up of at least one ink layer. Thus in some embodiments, ink layer  118  may be a single ink layer and in other embodiments, ink layer  118  may be multiple ink layers (e.g., two ink layers, three ink layers, four ink layers, etc.). 
     First surface  120  of ink layer  118  provides a textured surface to article  100 . In some embodiments, the textured surface also functions as a tactile feature that provides tactile feedback when touched. In some embodiments, first surface  120  of ink layer  118  provides a textured surface that functions as a tactile feature based on a surface roughness Ra of first surface  120  of ink layer  118  being at least 50 nm. In some embodiments, first surface  120  of ink layer  118  has a surface roughness Ra as a result of a plurality of features  124 . 
     In some embodiments, ink layer  118  may have a thickness in a range from 5 μm to 25 μm, from 5 μm to 20 μm, from 5 μm to 15 μm, from 10 μm to 25 μm, from 10 μm to 20 μm, from 15 μm to 25 μm, or any ranges and subranges therebetween. In some embodiments, ink layer  118  may have a thickness of at least 5 μm, at least 10 μm, at least 15 μm, or at least 20 μm. The thickness is measured using an optical surface profiler, such as the  3 D Optical Surface Profiler available from Zygo Corporation. In some embodiments, the above specified thicknesses facilitate tactile feedback based on surface roughness Ra. 
     In some embodiments, ink layer  118  are damage resistant and scratch resistant. For example, ink layer  118  may have a gauge hardness value of 4H or greater, 5H or greater, or 6H according to a pencil test set forth in ASTM D3363-05(2011)e2 and/or a scratch value of 3H or greater, 4H or greater, 5H or greater, or 6H according to a pencil test set forth in ASTM D3363-05(2011)e2. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 , in some embodiments, first layer  112  covers only a portion first major surface  104  of substrate  102  For example first layer  112  may be applied to first major surface  104  of substrate  102  in a first pattern. In some embodiments, first pattern may be applied as a single contiguous body or in other embodiments, may be applied as multiple noncontiguous bodies. In  FIG. 2  the first pattern is shown as a series of triangle shapes. However, this is merely exemplary and the first pattern may include, but is not limited to, lines, shapes, and designs. In some embodiments (not shown), first layer  112  covers first major surface  104  of substrate  102  in its entirety. 
     In some embodiments, ink layer  118  may be applied to first layer  112  in a second pattern wherein the second pattern is the same as the first pattern. In other embodiments, the second pattern may be different than the first pattern such that there are portions of first layer  112  not covered with ink layer  118 . In some embodiments, as shown for example in  FIG. 2 , ink layer  118  may include a first ink layer  118 ′ applied to a first portion of the first pattern formed by first layer  112  and a second ink layer  120 ′ applied to a second portion of the first pattern formed by first layer  112 . First ink layer  118 ′ and second ink layer  120 ′ may differ by one or more of the following: pattern, color, thickness, surface roughness Ra, reflectance haze, transparency, average feature cross-section dimension, average feature height.  FIG. 2  is merely exemplary and ink layer  118  may include may also include a third ink layer, a fourth ink layer, etc. 
     In some embodiments, an exemplary method for making the articles disclosed herein includes steps of applying first layer  112 , curing first layer  112 , applying ink layer  118 , and curing ink layer  118 . 
     First layer  112  may be applied to first surface  104  of substrate  102  using conventional methods suitable for applying first layer  112  in the desired pattern. For example, first layer  112  may be inkjet printed, screen printed, roll coated, or spray coated. 
     First layer  112  may be cured prior to applying ink layer  118 . When first layer  112  is thermally curable, conventional heat sources can be used to cure first layer  112  including, but not limited to, an oven. When first layer  112  is curable by exposure to radiation, conventional radiation source can be used to cure first layer  112  including, but not limited to, an ultraviolet (uv) light source. First layer  112  may be applied as a single layer or in multiple sublayers. 
     Ink layer  118  may be applied to first surface  114  of first layer  112  using conventional methods suitable for applying ink layer in the desired pattern. For example, ink layer  118  may be inkjet printed or screen printed. Depending on the application method and desired attributes (e.g., thickness, surface roughness Ra, average feature cross-sectional dimension size, average feature height, etc.) of first surface  120  of ink layer  118 , the ink may be applied in multiple sublayers to achieve the desired attributes. In some embodiments, as discussed above in connection with  FIG. 2 , ink layer  118  may include portions (e.g., first ink layer  118 ′ and second ink layer  118 ″) having different properties. In some embodiments, achieving different thicknesses for different portions of ink layer  118  can be accomplished at least by one of more of utilizing different inks, using different application methods, and/or applying a different number of sublayers. In some embodiments, achieving different color, reflectance haze, and transparency for different portions of ink layer  118  can be accomplished at least by utilizing different inks. In some embodiments, achieving different surface roughness Ra, average feature cross-section dimension, and average feature height can be accomplished at least by one or more of using different inks, using different application methods, and/or applying a different number of sublayers. 
     When ink layer  118  is thermally curable, conventional heat sources can be used to cure ink layer  118  including, but not limited to, an oven. When ink layer  118  is curable by exposure to radiation, conventional radiation source can be used to cure ink layer  118  including, but not limited to, an ultraviolet (uv) light source. When ink layer  118  is applied in multiple sublayers, the ink may be cured after application of each sublayer or once all the sublayers have been applied. When ink layer  118  has different portions, for example first layer  118 ′ and second layer  118 ″ and the different portions are applied at different times, the different portions can be cured at the same time or at different times. 
       FIG. 3  shows a side view of an exemplary article  100 ′. Article  100 ′ is similar to article  100  in that the same type of substrate  102  may be used but an alternative coating  110 ′ is disposed on first major surface  104  of substrate  102 . In some embodiments, coating  110 ′ has one or more of the following characteristics: (i) an adherence to substrate  102  of greater than or equal to 4B according to a cross hatch adhesion test set forth in ASTM D3359-17; (ii) a gauge hardness value of 4H or greater, 5H or greater, or 6H according to a pencil test set forth in ASTM D3363-05(2011)e2; (iii) a scratch value of 3H or greater, 4H or greater, 5H or greater, or 6H according to a pencil test set forth in ASTM D3363-05(2011)e2. Thus, in some embodiments, coating  110 ′ may exhibit suitable adherence to substrate, damage resistance, and/or scratch resistance. 
     In some embodiments, coating  110 ′ may be a polymer based material and may be thermally cured, for example in an oven, or cured by exposure to radiation, such as ultraviolet light (i.e., uv curable). In some embodiments, coating  110 ′ may contain a silicone resin component and in some embodiments, the silicon resin component may include a silsesquioxane component. In some embodiments, coating  110 ′ may be an ink, for example an inkjet ink. 
     In some embodiments, a first surface  120 ′ of coating  110 ′ provides a textured surface to article  100 ′. In some embodiments, the textured surface also functions as a tactile feature that provides tactile feedback when touched. In some embodiments, first surface  120 ′ of coating  110 ′ provides a textured surface that functions as a tactile feature based on a surface roughness Ra of first surface  120 ′ of coating  110 ′ being at least 50 nm. In some embodiments, first surface  120 ′ of coating  110 ′ has a surface roughness Ra as a result of a plurality of features  124 ′. In some embodiments, coating  110 ′ may have a thickness in a range from 5 μm to 25 μm, from 5 μm to 20 μm, from 5 μm to 15 μm, from 10 μm to 25 μm, from 10 μm to 20 μm, from 15 μm to 25 μm, or any ranges and subranges therebetween. In some embodiments, ink layer  118  may have a thickness of at least 5 μm, at least 10 μm, at least 15 μm, or at least 20 μm. The thickness is measured using an optical surface profiler, such as the  3 D Optical Surface Profiler available from Zygo Corporation. In some embodiments, the above specified thicknesses facilitate tactile feedback based on surface roughness Ra. In some embodiments, coating  110 ′ may be made up of at least one layer. Thus in some embodiments, coating  110 ′ may be a single layer and in other embodiments, coating  110 ′ may be multiple layers (e.g., two layers, three layers, four layers, etc.) to achieve the desired thickness. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , in some embodiments, coating  110 ′ covers only a portion first major surface  104  of substrate  102  For example, coating  110 ′ may be applied to first major surface  104  of substrate  102  in a pattern. In some embodiments, the pattern may be applied as a single contiguous body or in other embodiments, may be applied as multiple noncontiguous bodies. The pattern may include, but is not limited to, lines, shapes, and designs. In some embodiments (not shown), coating  110 ′ covers first major surface  104  of substrate  102  in its entirety. 
     Coating  110 ′ may be applied to first surface  104  of substrate  102  using conventional methods suitable for applying coating  110 ′ in the desired pattern. For example, coating  110 ′ may be inkjet printed, screen printed, roll coated, or spray coated. When coating  110 ′ is thermally curable, conventional heat sources can be used to cure first coating  110 ′ including, but not limited to, an oven. When coating  110 ′ is curable by exposure to radiation, conventional radiation source can be used to cure coating  110 ′ including, but not limited to, an ultraviolet (uv) light source. Coating  110 ′ may be applied as a single layer or in multiple sublayers. 
     In some embodiments, first surface  120  of ink layer  118  or first surface  120 ′ of coating  110 ′ may have a surface roughness Ra in a range from 50 nm to 1,000 nm, from 50 nm to 900 nm, from 50 nm to 800 nm, from 50 nm to 700 nm, from 50 nm to 600 nm, from 50 nm to 500 nm, from 100 nm to 1,000 nm, from 100 nm to 900 nm, from 100 nm to 800 nm, from 100 nm to 700 nm, from 100 nm to 600 nm, from 100 nm to 500 nm, from 200 nm to 1,000 nm, from 200 nm to 900 nm, from 200 nm to 800 nm, from 200 nm to 700 nm, from 200 nm to 600 nm, from 200 nm to 500 nm, from 300 nm to 1,000 nm, from 300 nm to 900 nm, from 300 nm to 800 nm, from 300 nm to 700 nm, from 300 nm to 600 nm, from 300 nm to 500 nm, from 400 nm to 1,000 nm, from 400 nm to 900 nm, from 400 nm to 800 nm, from 400 nm to 700 nm, from 500 nm to 1,000 nm, from 500 nm to 900 nm, from 500 nm to 800 nm, from 500 nm to 700 nm or all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some embodiments, first surface  120  of ink layer  118  and first surface  120 ′ of coating  110 ′ may have a surface roughness Ra of at least 50 nm, at least 100 nm, at least 150 nm, at least 200 nm, at least 250 nm, at least 300 nm, at least 400 nm, or at least 500 nm. Surface roughness Ra measurements may be made over a sample surface section having dimensions of about 0.5 mm by 0.5 mm using an optical surface profiler, such as the  3 D Optical Surface Profiler available from Zygo Corporation. 
     In some embodiments, first surface  120  of ink layer  118  and first surface  120 ′ of coating  110 ′ has a surface roughness Ra as a result of a plurality of features  124 ,  124 ′ respectively. In some embodiments, features  124 ,  124 ′ have an average cross-sectional dimension in a range from 20 μm to 200 μm, from 20 μm to 150 μm, from 20 μm to 100 μm, from 20 μm to 50 μm, from 30 μm to 200 μm, from 30 μm to 150 μm, from 30 μm to 100 μm, from 30 μm to 50 μm, from 40 μm to 200 μm, from 40 μm to 150 μm, from 40 μm to 100 μm, from 50 μm to 200 μm, from 50 μm to 150 μm, from 50 μm to 100 μm, or all ranges and subranges therebetween. The average cross-section dimension of the features may be measured by selecting a 0.5 mm by 0.5 mm section of the first surface  120  of ink layer  118  or first surface  120 ′ of coating  110 ′, viewing the section with an optical microscope under 200× magnification, measuring the longest cross-sectional dimension in the x-y plane for each feature, and calculating the average. 
     In some embodiments, features  124 ,  124 ′ have an average height in the z direction in a range from 0.5 μm to 100 μm, from 0.5 μm to 75 μm, from 0.5 μm to 50 μm, from 0.5 μm to 25 μm, from 1 μm to 100 μm, from 1 μm to 75 μm, from 1 μm to 50 μm, from 1 μm to 25 μm, from 3 μm to 100 μm, from 3 μm to 75 μm, from 3 μm to 50 μm, from 3 μm to 25 μm, from 5 μm to 100 μm, from 5 μm to 75 μm, from 5 μm to 50 μm, from 5 μm to 25 μm, from 10 μm to 100 μm, from 10 μm to 75 μm, from 10 μm to 50 μm, from 10 μm to 25 μm, or all ranges and subranges therebetween. The average height of the features may be measured over a sample surface section having dimensions of about 0.5 mm by 0.5 mm using an optical surface profile, such as the  3 D Optical Surface Profiler available from Zygo Corporation. 
     In some embodiments, article  100 ,  100 ′ may exhibit a reflectance haze (as measured at surface  120  of ink layer  118  or surface  120 ′ of coating  110 ′) in a range from 1% to 100%, from 1% to 90%, from 1% to 80%, from 1% to 70%, from 1% to 60%, from 1% to 50%, from 1% to 40%, from 1% to 30%, from 1% to 20%, from 5% to 100%, from 5% to 90%, from 5% to 80%, from 5% to 70%, from 5% to 60%, from 5% to 50%, from 5% to 40%, from 5% to 30%, from 5% to 20%, from 10% to 100%, from 10% to 90%, from 10% to 80%, from 10% to 70%, from 10% to 60%, from 10% to 50%, from 10% to 40%, from 10% to 30%, from 10% to 20%, from 20% to 100%, from 20% to 90%, from 20% to 80%, from 20% to 70%, from 20% to 60%, from 20% to 50%, from 20% to 40%, from 20% to 30%, from 30% to 100%, from 30% to 90%, from 30% to 80%, from 30% to 70%, from 30% to 60%, from 30% to 50%, from 30% to 40%, from 40% to 100%, from 40% to 90%, from 40% to 80%, from 40% to 70%, from 40% to 60%, from 40% to 50%, from 50% to 100%, from 50% to 90%, from 50% to 80%, from 50% to 70%, from 50% to 60%, or all ranges and subranges therebetween. The reflectance haze is measured according to ASTM E430-11 using a Rhopoint IQ available from Rhopoint Instruments Ltd. 
     In some embodiments, article  100 ,  100 ′ may exhibit a gloss (as measured at surface  120  of ink layer  118  or surface  120 ′ of coating  110 ′) at 60° in a range from 1% to 80%, from 1% to 70%, from 1% to 60%, from 1% to 50%, from 1% to 40%, from 1% to 30%, from 1% to 20%, from 5% to 80%, from 5% to 70%, from 5% to 60%, from 5% to 50%, from 5% to 40%, from 5% to 30%, from 5% to 20%, from 10% to 80%, from 10% to 70%, from 10% to 60%, from 10% to 50%, from 10% to 40%, from 10% to 30%, from 10% to 20%, from 20% to 80%, from 20% to 70%, from 20% to 60%, from 20% to 50%, from 20% to 40%, from 20% to 30%, from 30% to 80%, from 30% to 70%, from 30% to 60%, from 30% to 50%, from 30% to 40%, from 40% to 80%, from 40% to 70%, from 40% to 60%, from 40% to 50%, from 50% to 80%, from 50% to 70%, from 50% to 60%, or all ranges and subranges therebetween. The gloss is measured at 60° according to ASTM D523-14 using a Rhopoint IQ available from Rhopoint Instruments Ltd. 
     In some embodiments, as noted above ink layer  118  and coating  110 ′ have suitable gauge hardness (for example a value of 4H or greater, 5H or greater, or 6H as determined by a pencil test) and/or suitable scratch hardness (for example a value of 3H or greater, 4H or greater, 5H or greater, or 6H as determined by a pencil test) such that an additional protective coating is not needed for improving the damage resistance and/or scratch resistance of ink layer  118  and coating  110 ′. Thus, in some embodiments, an additional protective coating, such as a powder coating, is not disposed on ink layer  118  or coating  110 ′. 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5 , a layer  126  may be applied to second major surface  106  of substrate  102 . In such embodiments, substrate  102  may be sufficiently transparent so that layer  126  may be seen when looking at first major surface  104  of substrate  102 . In some embodiments, layer  126  may correspond to and be aligned with the pattern of first layer  112  or coating  110 ′. In other embodiments, layer  126  may correspond to and be aligned with only a portion of first layer  112  or coating  110 ′. In some embodiments, layer  126  may have higher resolution than ink layer  118  or coating  110 ′ so that it creates depth to substrate  102 . 
     The articles disclosed herein may be incorporated into another article such as an article with a display (or display articles) (e.g., consumer electronics, including mobile phones, tablets, computers, navigation systems, and the like), architectural articles, transportation articles (e.g., automotive, trains, aircraft, sea craft, etc.), or appliance articles. An exemplary article incorporating any of the substrates disclosed herein is shown in  FIGS. 6A and 6B . Specifically,  FIGS. 6A and 6B  show a consumer electronic device  600  including a housing  602  having front  604 , back  606 , and side surfaces  608 ; electrical components (not shown) that are at least partially inside or entirely within the housing and including at least a controller, a memory, and a display  610  at or adjacent to the front surface of the housing; and a cover substrate  612  at or over the front surface of the housing such that it is over the display. In some embodiments, at least one of a portion of the housing or the cover substrate comprises the articles/substrates disclosed herein. In some embodiments, article  100 ,  100 ′ is incorporated into consumer electronic device  600  such that first major surface  102  of substrate  100  faces the user of consumer electronic device  600 . In some embodiments, coating  110 ,  110 ′ may be applied before or after article  100 ,  100 ′ is incorporated into the other article. 
     It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.