Patent Publication Number: US-6907652-B1

Title: Pipe connecting method

Description:
The present invention relates to a method of connecting pipes. These pipes can be sections of a pipeline or well tubulars that are used in a well for producing hydrocarbons from an underground reservoir. 
     In particular the method is used in connection with interconnecting casing strings or liners. The casing string is a string of steel pipe sections that is used to line a borehole extending through an underground formation, and that is secured to the formation by means of cement. In a single well there may be two or more casing strings, wherein the upper end of the next casing string is hung off from the lower end of the preceding casing string. In order to be able to bring the next casing string into place, the outer diameter of the next casing string has to be smaller than the inner diameter of the preceding casing string. The next casing string may also be a so-called liner. In the specification the expression ‘casing string’ will also be used to refer to a liner. 
     Nowadays there are techniques that allow enlarging the diameter of a casing string when it is in the borehole. However, these techniques do not allow expanding the connection where the next casing string is hung off from the previous casing string. 
     Thus there is a need to provide a method that enables connecting a first pipe to a second pipe such that the inner diameter at the connection is not less than the inner diameter of the second pipe and that the pipes are adequately sealed at the connection. 
     In accordance with the invention there is provided a method of connecting a first pipe to a second pipe having an end part fitting into an end part of the first pipe, comprising
     a) arranging the end part of the second pipe within the end part of the first pipe;   b) arranging a sleeve of a deformable material between said end parts; and   c) radially expanding the end part of the second pipe towards the end part of the first pipe so as to bias the sleeve between said end parts.   

     By biasing the sleeve of deformable material between the end parts an adequate seal is achieved between the pipes. 
     The sleeve can for example be made of a hard elastomer or a ductile metal, however it is preferred that the sleeve is made of a shape-memory alloy so that the sleeve is expandable upon heating of the sleeve to the transition temperature of the shape-memory alloy, and wherein the method further comprises:
     d) after step c), heating the sleeve to the transition temperature of the shape-memory alloy thereby expanding the sleeve to form a metal-to-metal seal between said end parts.   

     Suitably two said shape-memory alloy sleeves are arranged concentrically between said end parts, one of the sleeves being connected to the outer surface of the end part of the second pipe, and the other sleeve being connected to the inner surface of the end part of the first pipe, and wherein after step c) each sleeve is heated to the transition temperature of the shape-memory alloy thereby expanding the sleeves to form a metal-to-metal seal between said end parts. 
     Preferably each sleeve is expandable by virtue of an increase of the wall thickness of the sleeve upon heating of the sleeve to the transition temperature of the shape-memory alloy. 
    
    
     The invention will now be described by way of example in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing showing schematically a partial longitudinal section of the device  10  according to the present invention in a position in which it can connect the first end of a second pipe in the form of the top end  15  of a next casing string  16  to the second end of a first pipe in the form of the bottom end  20  a preceding casing string  21 . The bottom end  20  is provided with an anvil section  23 . 
     The casing strings  16  and  21  are arranged in a borehole (not shown) drilled in the underground formation, and the preceding casing string  21  is secured to the formation by means of cement (not shown). In order that the next casing string can be lowered through the preceding one, its outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the preceding casing string  21 . 
     The device  10  comprises a cylindrical body  30  provided with an annular shoulder  32  for positioning the device  10  at the top end  15  of the next casing string  16 . 
     The device  10  is lowered into the preceding casing string  21  at the lower end of a drill string  31 , of which the lower end is connected to the upper end of the cylindrical body  30 . 
     The cylindrical body  30  is provided with an annular recess  34 , in which annular recess  34  is arranged an explosive charge  37 , which explosive charge  37  is covered by a protective sleeve  38 . The cylindrical body  30  further comprises a device  40  for detonating the explosive charge  37 . The device  40  for detonating the explosive charge is activated from surface by passing a signal through a cable  41  that extends to surface. The detonation is passed from the detonator  40  to the explosive charge  34  by transfer conduit  42 . 
     During normal operation, the device  10  is brought into position as shown in the drawing, and the device  40  for detonating the explosive charge  37  is activated. The explosion of the explosive charge  37  causes the top end  15  of the next casing string  16  to deform. The anvil section  23  of the bottom end  20  of the preceding casing string  21  prevents further expansion of the top end  15 , and thus the two casing strings are interconnected. After having made the connection the device  10  is pulled out of the well. 
     In order to improve the sealing of the connection, a sleeve of shape-memory alloy is provided on the outer surface of the first end of the second pipe and on the inner surface of anvil section, wherein the shape-memory alloy expands on heating to provide a metal-to-metal seal. Alternatively, the seal can also be a hard elastomeric part or a metal part. 
     The inner diameter of the anvil section can be so selected that the inner diameter of the second pipe (after expansion) is substantially equal to the inner diameter of the first pipe. Moreover, with known techniques the second pipe can be expanded over its full length, so that its inner diameter is not less than the inner diameter of the first pipe. 
     Thus the use of device according to the present invention allows a connection such that the inner diameter at the connection is substantial equal to the inner diameter of the first pipe.