Patent Publication Number: US-2022215397-A1

Title: Zero-step authentication using wireless-enabled mobile devices

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     Priority is claimed in the application data sheet to the following patents or patent applications, the entire written description of each of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety: 
     Ser. No. 17/069,552 
     Ser. No. 16/796,342 
     62/938,817 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Field of the Art 
     The disclosure relates to the field of payment systems, and more particularly to the field of automated payment systems using wireless-enabled mobile devices. 
     Discussion of the State of the Art 
     Wireless mobile computing devices (e.g., smartphones) have enabled wireless payment technologies wherein the consumer makes a payment by receiving a payment request on the customer&#39;s mobile device and authorizing the payment by tapping an icon on the screen. However, such technologies require the customer to remove his or her mobile device from a pocket or bag, turn on the device, enter a passcode to open the device, and tap on the screen to approve payment or scan a QR code shown on the screen. These steps are inefficient and interfere with the business/customer interaction, as the customer&#39;s attention is focused on his or her mobile device instead of the interaction with the business environment or the business&#39; employees. These systems do not provide touchless payments with sufficient security, are not compatible with existing business methodologies and cultures, and interfere with the business/customer interaction. 
     What is needed is a system and method for touchless payments that does not require the customer to handle his or her mobile device, which provides sufficient security, which is compatible with existing business methodologies and cultures, and which does not interfere with the business/customer interaction. 
     SUMMARY 
     Accordingly, the inventor has conceived and reduced to practice, a zero-step authentication system and method which uses wireless mobile devices to automatically make payments in a secure manner without requiring the customer to handle his or her mobile device The system and method uses a payment facilitation device at the business location which automatically detects and recognizes registered mobile devices, authenticates the customer, and automatically deducts payments for purchases from a pre-authorized Customer Account. The Customer Account is managed by a payment processing server, which stores the Customer Account data, makes appropriate deductions, sends confirmation of deductions to the customer&#39;s mobile device, and automatically refills the customer&#39;s account by making pre-authorized charges to the customer&#39;s banking institution. 
     According to a preferred embodiment, a system for zero-step authentication of transactions is disclosed, comprising: a payment facilitation device comprising a first memory, a first processor, and a first plurality of programming instructions stored in the first memory, and operating on the first processor, wherein the first plurality of programming instructions, when operating on the processor, cause the payment facilitation device to: establish a connection with a mobile device; obtain a device identifier from the mobile device; obtain a biometric signature of a customer associated with the mobile device; send the transaction details, the device identifier, and the customer&#39;s biometric signature to a payment facilitation server for processing of the transaction; and a payment facilitation server comprising a second memory, a second processor, and a second plurality of programming instructions stored in the second memory, and operating on the second processor, wherein the second plurality of programming instructions, when operating on the second processor, cause the payment facilitation server to: receive the transaction details, the device identifier, and the customer&#39;s biometric signature from the payment facilitation device; authenticate the customer using the device identifier and the customer&#39;s biometric signature by comparing with a device identifier and a biometric signature stored in a profile of the customer; and process the transaction according to the customer&#39;s account balance. 
     According to a second preferred embodiment, a method for zero-step authentication of transactions is disclosed, comprising the steps of: establishing a connection with a mobile device; obtaining a device identifier from the mobile device; obtaining a biometric signature of a customer associated with the mobile device; sending the transaction details, the device identifier, and the customer&#39;s biometric signature to a payment facilitation server for processing of the transaction; authenticating the customer using the device identifier and the customer&#39;s biometric signature by comparing with a device identifier and a biometric signature stored in a profile of the customer; and processing the transaction according to the customer&#39;s account balance. 
     According to various aspects: wherein the payment facilitation server sends confirmation of the transaction to a payment facilitation device; wherein the payment facilitation server sends confirmation of the transaction to the mobile device; wherein the biometric signature is a spoken passphrase or voice print; wherein the biometric signature is data of the customer&#39;s face or a facial recognition profile; wherein the biometric signature is a profile of the customer&#39;s gait; wherein the biometric signature is a thumbprint or handprint; wherein the biometric signature is collected via an electronic sensor external to the payment facilitation device; wherein the biometric signature is collected via an integrated electronic sensor of the payment facilitation device; and wherein the payment facilitation device is a second mobile device belonging to a second customer. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES 
       The accompanying drawings illustrate several aspects and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention according to the aspects. It will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that the particular arrangements illustrated in the drawings are merely exemplary, and are not to be considered as limiting of the scope of the invention or the claims herein in any way. 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary system architecture for a zero-step authentication system. 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary architecture for an aspect of zero-step authentication system, the payment facilitation server. 
         FIG. 3  is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary flow of payments in an embodiment. 
         FIG. 4  is a diagram illustrating an exemplary business/customer interaction and showing an exemplary screenshot. 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram illustrating an exemplary bill splitting feature and showing an exemplary screenshot. 
         FIG. 6  is a flow diagram showing the steps of an exemplary method for registration of a customer&#39;s mobile device and order placement. 
         FIG. 7  is a flow diagram showing the steps of an exemplary method for zero-step authentication and completion of a transaction. 
         FIG. 8  is a flow diagram showing the steps of an exemplary method for establishment of an account and pre-authorization of payments. 
         FIG. 9  is a flow diagram showing the steps of an exemplary method for bill splitting among customers. 
         FIG. 10  is a flow diagram showing the steps of an exemplary method for funds transfer among customers. 
         FIG. 11  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary system architecture for a device and customer zero-step authentication system. 
         FIG. 12  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary system architecture for a device and customer zero-step authentication system with a UC/TE bypass. 
         FIG. 13  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary system architecture for a P2P zero-step authentication system. 
         FIG. 14  is a flow diagram showing the steps of an exemplary method for using a device and customer zero-step authentication system. 
         FIG. 15  is a flow diagram showing the steps of an exemplary method for using a P2P device and customer zero-step authentication system. 
         FIG. 16  is a flow diagram showing the implementation of a device and customer zero-step authentication system for hotel concierge services. 
         FIG. 17  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary hardware architecture of a computing device. 
         FIG. 18  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary logical architecture for a client device. 
         FIG. 19  is a block diagram showing an exemplary architectural arrangement of clients, servers, and external services. 
         FIG. 20  is another block diagram illustrating an exemplary hardware architecture of a computing device. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The inventor has conceived, and reduced to practice, a zero-step authentication system and method which uses wireless mobile devices to automatically make payments in a secure manner without requiring the customer to handle his or her mobile device The system and method uses a payment facilitation device at the business location which automatically detects and recognizes registered mobile devices, authenticates the customer, and automatically deducts payments for purchases from a pre-authorized Customer Account. The Customer Account is managed by a payment processing server, which stores the Customer Account data, makes appropriate deductions, sends confirmation of deductions to the customer&#39;s mobile device, and automatically refills the customer&#39;s account by making pre-authorized charges to the customer&#39;s banking institution. 
     Because the customer does not have to focus on his or her mobile device, the customer is free to interact naturally with the business environment and with employees of the business. For example, the customer is free to look around to experience the store&#39;s ambiance, which will tend to create a positive impression on the Customer And increase the likelihood that the customer will wish to return. Further, the customer is free to look at and speak with the business&#39; employees, which facilitates personal interactions and relationships, making the customer feel more welcome and also increasing the likelihood that the customer will wish to return. These natural interactions are hindered by the handling and use of mobile phones, where the customer&#39;s attention is drawn away from the business environment and its employees in order to focus on the details of making or approving the transaction using his or her mobile device. 
     While the examples herein primarily discuss authorization of payments, the invention is not limited to authorization of monetary transactions, and can be used for authorization and transfer of any asset, or representation of an asset, that can be transferred electronically, for example: electronic transfers of real currency (credit card charges, bank transfers and payments, etc.), transfers of blockchain-based currencies such as Bitcoin, and transfers of digitized contracts or promises to pay or transfer physical assets (including, but not limited to, IOUs, certificates of ownership of stocks or other securities, and deeds for real estate). 
     One or more different aspects may be described in the present application. Further, for one or more of the aspects described herein, numerous alternative arrangements may be described; it should be appreciated that these are presented for illustrative purposes only and are not limiting of the aspects contained herein or the claims presented herein in any way. One or more of the arrangements may be widely applicable to numerous aspects, as may be readily apparent from the disclosure. In general, arrangements are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice one or more of the aspects, and it should be appreciated that other arrangements may be utilized and that structural, logical, software, electrical and other changes may be made without departing from the scope of the particular aspects. Particular features of one or more of the aspects described herein may be described with reference to one or more particular aspects or figures that form a part of the present disclosure, and in which are shown, by way of illustration, specific arrangements of one or more of the aspects. It should be appreciated, however, that such features are not limited to usage in the one or more particular aspects or figures with reference to which they are described. The present disclosure is neither a literal description of all arrangements of one or more of the aspects nor a listing of features of one or more of the aspects that must be present in all arrangements. 
     Headings of sections provided in this patent application and the title of this patent application are for convenience only, and are not to be taken as limiting the disclosure in any way. 
     Devices that are in communication with each other need not be in continuous communication with each other, unless expressly specified otherwise. In addition, devices that are in communication with each other may communicate directly or indirectly through one or more communication means or intermediaries, logical or physical. 
     A description of an aspect with several components in communication with each other does not imply that all such components are required. To the contrary, a variety of optional components may be described to illustrate a wide variety of possible aspects and in order to more fully illustrate one or more aspects. Similarly, although process steps, method steps, algorithms or the like may be described in a sequential order, such processes, methods and algorithms may generally be configured to work in alternate orders, unless specifically stated to the contrary. In other words, any sequence or order of steps that may be described in this patent application does not, in and of itself, indicate a requirement that the steps be performed in that order. The steps of described processes may be performed in any order practical. Further, some steps may be performed simultaneously despite being described or implied as occurring non-simultaneously (e.g., because one step is described after the other step). Moreover, the illustration of a process by its depiction in a drawing does not imply that the illustrated process is exclusive of other variations and modifications thereto, does not imply that the illustrated process or any of its steps are necessary to one or more of the aspects, and does not imply that the illustrated process is preferred. Also, steps are generally described once per aspect, but this does not mean they must occur once, or that they may only occur once each time a process, method, or algorithm is carried out or executed. Some steps may be omitted in some aspects or some occurrences, or some steps may be executed more than once in a given aspect or occurrence. 
     When a single device or article is described herein, it will be readily apparent that more than one device or article may be used in place of a single device or article. Similarly, where more than one device or article is described herein, it will be readily apparent that a single device or article may be used in place of the more than one device or article. 
     The functionality or the features of a device may be alternatively embodied by one or more other devices that are not explicitly described as having such functionality or features. Thus, other aspects need not include the device itself. 
     Techniques and mechanisms described or referenced herein will sometimes be described in singular form for clarity. However, it should be appreciated that particular aspects may include multiple iterations of a technique or multiple instantiations of a mechanism unless noted otherwise. Process descriptions or blocks in figures should be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps in the process. Alternate implementations are included within the scope of various aspects in which, for example, functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those having ordinary skill in the art. 
     Definitions 
     “Business establishment” or “place of business” as used herein mean the location of any business entity with which customers may transact business. Typically, this will be a physical location where customers may enter the location and transact business directly with employees of the business, but may also be a business without a physical location such as an online or telephone order retailer. Many examples herein use a restaurant as the business establishment, but the invention is not limited to use in restaurants, and is applicable to any business establishment. 
     The term “network” as used herein means any communication connection between two or more computing devices, whether such connection is made directly (e.g., from one device containing a Bluetooth radio to another device containing a Bluetooth radio) or through an intermediary device such as a router, where a number of devices connected to the router may all communicate with one another. 
     Conceptual Architecture 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary system architecture  100  for a zero-step authentication system. The primary components of the system are a payment facilitation device  103 , a unified communications device or telephony exchange system (UC system)  101 , and a payment facilitation server  200 . Components or services that may connect to or be accessed by the system include wireless customer mobile devices  102 , and payment processors  109 . The payment facilitation device  103  is a computing device located at a business establishment that is connected (wired or wirelessly) to a UC system  101 . The payment facilitation device  103  may be wired, or wireless, or both, depending on the implementation of a given embodiment. While a payment facilitation device  103  and UC system  101  are specified in this embodiment, it is not required that they be precisely in this configuration, and other configurations are possible, including a non-SIP computing device connected to a network without a UC system  101 . The payment facilitation device  103  comprises a screen (not shown) and applications for a customer information entry portal  104  and a customer identification confirmation application  105 . The payment facilitation device  103  may be a mobile computing device like a mobile phone or tablet computer or may be a desktop or tabletop computing device. 
     The customer information entry portal  104  is an application on the payment facilitation device  103  that allows an employee of the business to enter customer details such as name, telephone number, device identifier, bank, debit, or credit card details, payment preferences, and, if necessary, Customer Account refill limits and Customer Account refill amounts. The device identifier may be any information that allows the system to identify the customer mobile device  102 , including, but not limited to, a mobile access control (MAC) address (e.g., a MAC address for the device&#39;s WiFi radio, a MAC address for the device&#39;s Bluetooth radio, etc.), the device&#39;s  102  serial number, the device&#39;s mobile equipment identifier (MEID) or international mobile equipment identity (IMEI) number, the integrated circuit card identifier (ICCID) of the subscriber identity module (SIM) card inserted into the customer mobile device  102 , and the device&#39;s  102  secure element identification (SEID) number. 
     The customer identification and confirmation application  105  is an application that provides security in financial transactions by allowing the employee of the business to visually confirm the identity of the customer making a transaction. For example, the payment facilitation device at a particular business location may be connected to multiple customer devices simultaneously. The customer identification and confirmation application  105  may display a photo of the user (customer) of each such connected customer device, and the employee may select the device of the customer making the transaction by clicking on the customer&#39;s photo as displayed by the customer identification and confirmation application  105  on the payment facilitation device  103 . 
     The UC system  101  is a device or service (e.g., online service) that integrates different methods of communication (e.g., phone calls, video calls, short message service (SMS), instant messaging (chat), email) and allows for all of those different methods of communication to be accessed through a computing device such as a mobile phone or tablet computer. A UC system  101  is the modern, and much more flexible and powerful, form of a private branch exchange (PBX) telephone equipment system that allowed businesses to connect multiple internal telephones to a single incoming telephone line. In this example, the UC system  101  acts as the interface between the payment facilitation device  103 , the customer mobile devices  102 , and the payment facilitation server  200 . 
     A customer mobile device  102  may be connected to the system via any wireless network connection, for example through the Internet  106 , a mobile (cellular) network  107 , or through a local wireless network  108  such as WiFI, Bluetooth, etc. In the case of remote connections such as those made through the Internet  106  or mobile service  107 , the location of a customer mobile device  102  and its location relative to the payment facilitation device  103  or other customer mobile devices  102  may be established through use of the device&#39;s satellite positioning system hardware (e.g., GPS, GLONASS, Galileo), by identifying the location of an intermediary device to which the device is connected (e.g., a WiFi router, etc. In the case of local connections, which typically use short range wireless transmissions, it may not be necessary to determine the location of the mobile customer device  102  because the short range of wireless communications establishes that the payment facilitation device  103  or other mobile customer devices are nearby. For example, when using a Bluetooth Class 2 connection to connect to other devices, it will be apparent that the other devices are nearby because Bluetooth Class 2 has an effective range on the order of 10 meters. 
     In a typical scenario, the first time a customer enters a business establishment with a customer mobile device  102 , an employee of the business establishment will enter the customer&#39;s information using the customer information entry portal  104  and register the customer mobile device  102  using the customer mobile device&#39;s  102  identification. When a customer mobile device  102  enters a business establishment, the payment facilitation device  103  and customer mobile device  102  will automatically detect each other and establish a network connection. The payment facilitation device  103  will recognize the customer mobile device  102  using the customer mobile device&#39;s identifier. As the customer makes an order, the business&#39;s employee will confirm the identity of the customer using the customer identification confirmation application  105 . The payment facilitation device connects to the payment facilitation server  200 , either directly or through the UC system  101 , forwards the customer information and order information to the payment facilitation server  200 . The payment facilitation server  200 , checks the customer&#39;s account and either deducts and appropriate amount from the customer&#39;s prepaid account or sends the payment details to a payment processor  109  for processing. Once the payment is processed, the payment facilitation server  200  sends a confirmation of the payment either to the payment facilitation device  103 , the customer mobile device  102 , or both. In a scenario where the customer is in a remote location from the business establishment (e.g., a phone order or online order), the process is much the same except that the first time customer information entry and mobile device registration occurs remotely, and the employee does not visually identify the customer (although other methods of identifying the customer may apply, such as personal identification number (PIN) codes, voice print identification, telephone number identification, or customer mobile device  102  identifiers). 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary architecture for an aspect of zero-step authentication system, the payment facilitation server  200 . The payment facilitation server  200  manages customer information and payments from multiple customers. In this example, the payment facilitation server comprises a customer information database  201 , a customer identification engine  202 , a payment processing manager  209 , and one or more applications for managing bill splitting, fund transfers, and account information. Note that, in some embodiments, the bill splitting and fund transfer applications may be applications on the customer mobile device  102  instead of on the payment facilitation server  200 . As the payment facilitation server receives customer information and device registrations, it stores them in a customer information database. Such customer information may comprise customer details such as name, telephone number, device identifier, bank, debit, or credit card details, payment preferences, and, if necessary, Customer Account refill limits and Customer Account refill amounts. The device identifier may be any information that allows the system to identify the customer mobile device  102 , including, but not limited to, a mobile access control (MAC) address (e.g., a MAC address for the device&#39;s WiFi radio, a MAC address for the device&#39;s Bluetooth radio, etc.), the device&#39;s  102  serial number, the device&#39;s mobile equipment identifier (MEID) or international mobile equipment identity (IMEI) number, the integrated circuit card identifier (ICCID) of the subscriber identity module (SIM) card inserted into the customer mobile device  102 , and the device&#39;s  102  secure element identification (SEID) number. 
     The customer identification engine  202  provides additional security by confirming the identity of the Customer Before processing payments. In this example, the customer identification engine  202  has three separate identification methods, a voiceprint identifier  203 , a telephone number identifier  204 , and a device ID identifier  205 . The voiceprint identifier  203  can provide confirmations of customer identities either by matching voice samples of specific words and phrases provided by the Customer As during account creation and device registration or, in a more sophisticated version, may match the customer&#39;s voice to any spoken words and phrases using machine learning algorithms. The telephone number identifier  204  receives caller identification (caller ID) information from the UC system  101 , and verifies that the phone number from which the order is being made matches the phone number in the Customer Account information. The device ID identifier  205  receives a device identifier from the UC system  101  and matches it to the device identifier in the customer database  201  to confirm that the device is registered. In some embodiments, other methods of identifying the customer may be used, for example, PIN codes. In some embodiments, two or more of these identifiers may be used together to confirm the customer&#39;s identity. 
     As customer information and order information is received, the payment facilitation server  200  checks the customer&#39;s account using the Customer Account management application  208  and either deducts and appropriate amount from the customer&#39;s prepaid account or sends the payment details to the payment processing manager  209 , which forwards the payment request to a payment processor  109  for processing. Once the payment is processed, the payment facilitation server  200  sends a confirmation of the payment either to the payment facilitation device  103 , the customer mobile device  102 , or both. 
     The bill splitting application  206  receives a bill that is to be shared by two or more customers (e.g., a restaurant dining bill), the device identifier of two or more customer mobile devices  102 , and provides an interface for those customers to allocate items on the bill between the customers. Once each of the customers involved approves the allocation, the bill splitting application forwards each customer&#39;s portion of the bill to the payment processing manager  209  The fund transfer application  207  operates in a similar manner for fund transfers between customers. Customers involved in the fund transfer specify amounts to be transferred to other customers, and once approved by all customers involved in the fund transfer, the fund transfer application for forwards the approved funds transfers to the payment processing manager  209  for execution. 
       FIG. 3  is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary flow of payments  300  in an embodiment. When a customer  303  authorizes a transaction (which authorization may be pre-approved) through his or her customer mobile device  102 , the payment authorization is sent to the business  302  at the business&#39; payment facilitation device  103 . The payment facilitation device  103  of the business  302  sends a payment request to the payment facilitation server  200 . The payment facilitation server  200  checks the customer&#39;s pre-paid account  304  to determine whether pre-paid funds are available. If such funds are available, a deduction is made from the customer pre-paid account  304  in the amount of the authorized payment, and a confirmation is confirmed by the payment facilitation server  200 . If sufficient funds are not available in the customer pre-paid account, the account is either refilled or a direct payment request is made. In either such case, the payment facilitation server  200  sends a payment request to a payment processor  109 , which are financial intermediaries like Visa and Mastercard, who process transactions on behalf of financial institutions  301  (i.e., banks). The payment processor  109  sends the payment request to a financial institution  301  at which the customer  303  has an account. The financial institution  301  receives the payment request, and sends a payment to the payment processor  109 , typically along with a transaction fee. The payment processor  109  receives the payment and transaction fee, and forwards the payment to the payment facilitation server along with a portion of the transaction fee. The payment facilitation server  200  forwards the payment to the business  302 , which forwards a confirmation of payment  303  to the customer, completing the transaction. 
       FIG. 11  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary system architecture for a device and customer zero-step authentication system. The system  1100  may work as described in previous figures, for example  FIG. 1 , however the system  1100  now also encompasses a zero-step authentication of customers. The zero-step authentication of customers comprises at least one authentication sensor or device  1104 / 1105  capable of detecting a unique signature  1103  of a person  1102 . This could be a microphone used for voice print analysis, a camera for facial recognition or gait profiling, or a fingerprint or hand sensor. The authentication sensor or device may be external  1105  such as a security camera feeding a facial recognition algorithm, or a microphone placed at the cash register. The authentication sensor or device may be internal  1104  to the payment facilitation device  103 , such as how many smart devices already include a fingerprint sensor, camera, and microphone. For external sensors  1105 , they may be connected to a shared LAN  108 , or talk directly with a payment facilitation device over a wireless protocol  1101  such as Bluetooth. Customer profiles stored in the payment facilitation server  200  may store Customer Biometrics  1103  for verification such as facial recognition profiles, voiceprints, and fingerprints. To maintain a zero-step process for customers, passphrases along with a voice profile may be saved in a customer&#39;s profile that allows a customer to approve or deny a transaction request. 
     In one example, a customer enters a store and picks out some items for purchase and makes their way to the cash register. The cashier begins to ring them up and the payment facilitation device  103  detects and authenticates the customer&#39;s mobile device  102  as described in previous figures. Additionally, the cashier casually prompts the customer with some questions that are used to verify the customer&#39;s identity through voice print analysis. For example, “Hello, your total is fifty dollars and thirty-five cents. If you approve, could you please speak your approval passphrase.” Upon the payment facilitation device  103  receiving, processing, and confirming a voice print and passphrase match, the transaction is completed. Should the customer not be able to speak or chooses not to say anything, a security camera behind or near the cash register may be used to automatically verify the customer. Afterwards, given both the Customer And their device are authenticated, allow the zero-step transaction to take place. 
     Extra layers of security may be implemented by allowing customers who have two devices to require that both devices be in proximity of each other before either allowing a transaction or also requiring customer identity authentication. This may be useful so children cannot complete a purchase unless the parent is present in the store or at the cash register. This may also be useful for customers who have both a smart phone and a smart watch. Device hardware IDs may be stored as or with hashes to prevent forgeries. Blockchain may also be used to create an immutable ledger of customer profiles. Each block a different customer while a second-tier block chain associated only with that customer may be used to add transactions or additional profile information. 
       FIG. 12  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary system architecture for a device and customer zero-step authentication system with a UC/TE bypass  1200 . This embodiment comprises a payment facilitation device  103  that can perform the functions of the UC system  101  either on the device or by offloading the computations to a cloud-based service, either on the payment facilitation server  200  or another bespoke service. 
       FIG. 13  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary system architecture for a P2P (Peer-to-Peer) zero-step authentication system  1300 . Customers wishing to conduct zero-step P2P transactions may login to a web-based customer-facing portion of the payment facilitation server  200  on the mobile device&#39;s  1301 / 1305  browser or use a mobile application communicatively coupled to the payment facilitation server  200  to initiate a transfer. Only one of the customers need to perform the following steps, thus creating a zero-step P2P transaction for at least the other person involved. 
     According to an embodiment, one customer (Customer B in this scenario) uses their mobile device  1305  to authenticate with a payment facilitation server  200  either with an application or on a browser. Customer B enters at least the amount to transfer and the method of transfer (e.g., PayPal, Apple Pay, etc.). Using wireless protocols  1101 , Customer B&#39;s mobile device  1305  detects the other customer&#39;s (Customer A) mobile device  1301 . Customer A&#39;s mobile device  1301  hardware ID (or other unique ID) is then sent to a payment facilitation server  200  by Customer B&#39;s device  1305 . The payment facilitation server  200  returns Customer A&#39;s information  1304  which gets auto-populated in the transaction details on the mobile device of the initiating customer  1305 . Before the transaction can proceed, one or both devices  1301 / 1305  perform biometric  1303  authentication of at least Customer A  1302  using any of the biometric  1303  analysis discussed previously, e.g., voiceprint plus passphrase. Upon successful authentication of both devices  1301 / 1305  and customers, Customer B may complete the transaction. 
     According to another embodiment, offline-P2P zero-step transactions may occur when no access to the Internet  106  is available. This embodiment comprises using a mobile application that has been previously used by both parties to authenticate the user/customer with a payment facilitation server  200 , storing the profile of the customer  1304 / 1306  on the respective device. Using wireless protocols  1101  that are Internet-independent, Customer B may perform a similar process as the paragraph above with the following exceptions. Customer B initiates a transaction using their mobile application. Using wireless protocols  1101 , Customer B&#39;s mobile device  1305  then detects the other customer&#39;s (Customer A) mobile device  1301 . Customer B&#39;s device  1305  then requests Customer A&#39;s profile information  1304 . Customer A&#39;s device  1301  receives the request and then performs biometric  1303  authentication. To maintain a zero-step process for Customer A, his or her device  1301  may send audio out of the device  1301  speaker requesting Customer A to approve or deny Customer B&#39;s request by speaking one or more commands. For example, passphrases may be setup in advance in each customer&#39;s profile  1304 / 1306  that allows a customer to approve or deny a transaction request. An example scenario may be: “Hello Customer A, Customer B is requesting five-hundred dollars be sent to their account. Please approve or deny this request using your passphrase.” Upon approval by Customer A, his or her device  1301  returns Customer A&#39;s information  1304  to Customer B&#39;s device  1305  which gets auto-populated in the transaction details on the mobile device of the initiating customer  1305 . With both devices  1301 / 1305  authenticated and the biometrics  1303  of at least Customer A  1302 , Customer B may complete the transaction. The transaction details are stored on both devices  1301 / 1305  and synchronized with a payment facilitation server  200  upon connection to the Internet  106 . 
       FIG. 14  is a flow diagram showing the steps of an exemplary method for using a device and customer zero-step authentication system. In a first step  1401 , a payment facilitation device establishes a connection with a customer&#39;s mobile device. A device identifier is obtained from the mobile device in a second step  1402 . In a third step  1403 , a biometric signature of the customer associated with the mobile device is obtained through a sensor or device designed to capture the biometrics of an individual. This may be passive or active, such as in a passive modality being a facial recognition algorithm fed by cameras when the individual enters or walks about the store and the customer&#39;s device is detected and used to pair the person with the profile along with the facial recognition. An active modality being a passphrase, thumbprint, and other similar biometric collection techniques. In a fourth  1404  and fifth step  1405 , send and receive the transaction details, the device identifier, and the customer&#39;s biometric signature to and on a payment facilitation server for processing of the transaction. In a sixth step  1406 , authenticate the customer using the device identifier and the customer&#39;s biometric signature by comparing with a device identifier and a biometric signature stored in a profile of the customer. The device identifier and biometric signature may be required to match to proceed with any transaction. This may be overridden by store personnel if desired. The customer&#39;s profile is not limited to storing one type of biometric signature nor one of one type, i.e., multiple face scans, voiceprints, or multiple fingerprints. In a seventh step  1407 , process the transaction according to the customer&#39;s payment method, i.e., a prepaid amount, credit card, PayPal, etc. 
       FIG. 15  is a flow diagram showing the steps of an exemplary method for using a P2P device and customer zero-step authentication system. According to a first step  1501 , Customer B uses their mobile device to authenticate with a payment facilitation server either with an application or on a browser. Customer B enters at least the amount to transfer and the method of transfer (e.g., PayPal, Apple Pay, etc.) in a second step  1502 . Using wireless protocols, Customer B&#39;s mobile device detects Customer A&#39;s mobile device  1503 . In a fourth step  1504 , Customer A&#39;s mobile device hardware ID (or other unique ID) is then sent to a payment facilitation server by Customer B&#39;s device. The payment facilitation server returns Customer A&#39;s information which gets auto-populated in the transaction details on Customer B&#39;s mobile device. In a fifth step  1505 , Customer A performs biometric authentication using any of the biometric analysis discussed herein, e.g., voiceprint plus passphrase. Upon successful authentication of both devices and customers, Customer B completes the transaction  1506 . 
     Detailed Description of Exemplary Aspects 
       FIG. 4  is a diagram illustrating an exemplary business/customer interaction  400  and showing an exemplary screenshot. In this example, a customer  401  (who already has an account and registered device  402  at a business establishment) makes an order. The customer&#39;s device  402  and the payment facilitation device  103  detect each other and establish a connection when the customer  401  enters the business establishment. The customer&#39;s photograph  403  is displayed on the business&#39; payment facilitation device  103 , along with the customer&#39;s information  404  and order details  405 . An employee of the business clicks on the customer photograph  403  to confirm the identity of the customer  401 . Once confirmed, the customer device  402  automatically approves payment and receives confirmation of the payment without the customer having the handle the device  402 . The customer device  402  may remain in the customer&#39;s pocket, purse, backpack, etc., and does not have to be removed to complete the transaction. 
       FIG. 5  is a diagram illustrating an exemplary bill splitting feature  500  and showing an exemplary screenshot. In this example, three customers, Bob  501 , Sally  503 , and Joe  505 , each with their respective mobile devices  502 ,  504 , and  506 , have a meal together at a restaurant and want to split the bill among themselves. Each customer&#39;s mobile device has a bill splitting application installed on it, which shows a copy of the bill and the customers who dined together. For example, Bob&#39;s  501  mobile device  502  shows the bill information  507  for the group on the left-hand side of his screen, and a window for himself  508 , a window for Sally  509 , and window for Joe  510  on the right side. The mobile devices  504 ,  506  of Sally  503  and Joe  505  show similar screens. The windows  508 ,  509 ,  510 , each show a photo (or other representation) of the customer, a space for allocating items from the bill, and a total of the items allocated to that customer. As each customer, on his or her respective mobile device  502 ,  504 ,  506 , allocates food and drink items from the bill information  507  by clicking on them and dragging them to the window of a person on the right, the allocation of those food and drink items appears in the window of the person to whom the item has been allocated, as indicated by the arrows. For example, the risotto Milanese and white wine have been allocated to Bob (either by Bob or by one of the other two customers), a total due from Bob of $26 is shown, and this information is updated on all three mobile devices  502 ,  504 ,  506 . Once all three customers  501 ,  503 ,  505  approve the allocation, each person&#39;s mobile device  502 ,  504 ,  506  processes the payment for the amount allocated to that customer. In some embodiments, unallocated items may be automatically split among the customers in the group. 
       FIG. 6  is a flow diagram showing the steps of an exemplary method for registration of a customer&#39;s mobile device and order placement. When a customer calls restaurant a first time to place an order  601 , the customer&#39;s telephone number is captured using UC telephony equipment, and additional customer information is gathered and entered into database by an employee of the business  602 . The customer than makes his or her order and the order is completed  603 . Each time the customer makes a subsequent call to same business to place an order  604 , the customer&#39;s telephone number is captured using UC telephone equipment, and the customer&#39;s information is retrieved from a customer database using a customer identification application  605 . The customer than makes his or her order and the order is completed  606  without the customer having to provide his or her information. The same procedure is used when a customer physically enters a business establishment, except that the registration is performed in person. 
       FIG. 7  is a flow diagram showing the steps of an exemplary method for zero-step authentication and completion of a transaction. When a customer enters a business establishment  701 , the customer&#39;s wireless device and business payment facilitation device detect each other and automatically establish connection  702 . The business payment facilitation device retrieves the customer device identifier (ID) and uses the customer device ID to retrieve customer information from customer information database located on a payment facilitation server  703 . The business payment facilitation device displays customer&#39;s photo and information to a restaurant employee, who confirms customer&#39;s identity by clicking on the photo of the customer  704 . The customer the places an order  705 . When the order is placed, the business payment facilitation device sends payment details to payment facilitation server, which either deducts amount from customer&#39;s pre-paid account balance or sends charge to payment processors  706 . Optionally, an additional security step may be inserted wherein the customer&#39;s wireless device receives and displays a request for confirmation of the order from the business CIP device and the customer clicks on the displayed request to confirm the order  707 . Finally, the customer&#39;s order is completed  708 . 
       FIG. 8  is a flow diagram showing the steps of an exemplary method for establishment of an account and pre-authorization of payments. First, a customer establishes and account using his or her customer mobile device and provides payment details (e.g., credit card, debit card, bank details for ACH, etc.)  801 . The customer then sets automatic an account payment limit, a refill limit, and a refill amount  802 . For example, the customer may set a payment limit for each transaction at $50, a refill limit (i.e., minimum account balance below which the account will be automatically refilled) of $10, and a refill amount of $100. The customer may choose to have such payments sent automatically without handling his or her mobile device (zero-step authentication)  803  or may choose to authorize each payment individually using his or her mobile device  804 . A Customer Account management application funds the account in the amount of the refill amount using payment details  805 . Thus, in this example, the customer has pre-authorized payments of up to $50 per transaction, and pre-authorized the system to automatically refill his account from the customer&#39;s financial institution (or credit card) in the amount of $100 whenever the account balance falls below $10. When the customer places an order, the Customer Account management application checks account balance, deducts an amount equal to the order for the order (after confirmation, if required), and refills account balance using payment information if the account balance falls below the refill limit  806 . 
       FIG. 9  is a flow diagram showing the steps of an exemplary method for bill splitting among customers. Each customer mobile device runs an application that shows nearby customer devices also using the payment system  901 . Customers dining together form a group by selecting one another (or accepting a group formation created by one or more of them)  902 . Each customer&#39;s device displays a copy of the itemized bill on one side of the screen, and a photo (or other representational image) of each other customer in the group on the other side of the screen  903 . One or more of the customers in the group assigns payment by clicking and dragging items from the itemized bill to the photo (or image) of the customer responsible for paying for that item  904 . When the group is finished assigning payments, each Customer Approves his/her proposed payment assignments, with unassigned items being distributed equally among the customers in the group  905 . After all customers in the group have approved their payment assignments, the payment system processes payments from each customer&#39;s account according to the approved payment assignments  906 . 
       FIG. 10  is a flow diagram showing the steps of an exemplary method for funds transfer among customers. Each customer mobile device runs an application that shows nearby customer devices also using the payment system  1001 . Customers wishing to exchange funds form a group by selecting one another (or accepting a group formation created by one or more of them)  1002 . Each customer&#39;s device displays a photo (or other representational image) of each other customer in the group  1003 . One or more of the customers in the group proposes a fund transfer by clicking and dragging from one customer to another, creating an arrow between that pair of customers in the group indicating a direction of transfer, and enters an amount of funds to be transferred  1004 . When the group is finished proposing fund transfers, each Customer Approves his/her proposed fund transfer(s)  1005 . After all customers in the group have approved their proposed transfers, the payment system processes payments from each customer&#39;s account according to the approved fund transfers  1006 . 
       FIG. 16  is a flow diagram showing the implementation of a device and customer zero-step authentication system for hotel concierge services. In a first step  1601 , a customer checks into a hotel. The check in process may take place on a kiosk (something similar to a payment facilitation device  103 ) wherein the authentication of the Customer and his or her device is done automatically using the systems and methods described above. Profiles of customers without accounts may be auto-generated and customer&#39;s given the option to save the profile for future use also prompted to fill in more personal information and submit to voice, finger, and facial prints or given the option to have a temporary account. In the scenario where the customer has a profile with the necessary information to complete the device and biometric authentication, the customer may receive a reservation confirmation on their mobile device  1602 . 
     Upon the customer entering his or her hotel room  1603 , authentication sensors and devices can verify the customer is in the correct room  1604 . Smart TV&#39;s with cameras are a preferred, but not limiting example of one authentication device. If in fact, the customer is in the correct room, they will have access to all the concierge integration  1605   a . If the customer has mistakenly gone into the wrong room or visits another hotel guest, that customer will not have access to some or all concierge functionality  1605   b.    
     Hardware Architecture 
     Generally, the techniques disclosed herein may be implemented on hardware or a combination of software and hardware. For example, they may be implemented in an operating system kernel, in a separate user process, in a library package bound into network applications, on a specially constructed machine, on an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or on a network interface card. 
     Software/hardware hybrid implementations of at least some of the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented on a programmable network-resident machine (which should be understood to include intermittently connected network-aware machines) selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in memory. Such network devices may have multiple network interfaces that may be configured or designed to utilize different types of network communication protocols. A general architecture for some of these machines may be described herein in order to illustrate one or more exemplary means by which a given unit of functionality may be implemented. According to specific aspects, at least some of the features or functionalities of the various aspects disclosed herein may be implemented on one or more general-purpose computers associated with one or more networks, such as for example an end-user computer system, a client computer, a network server or other server system, a mobile computing device (e.g., tablet computing device, mobile phone, smartphone, laptop, or other appropriate computing device), a consumer electronic device, a music player, or any other suitable electronic device, router, switch, or other suitable device, or any combination thereof. In at least some aspects, at least some of the features or functionalities of the various aspects disclosed herein may be implemented in one or more virtualized computing environments (e.g., network computing clouds, virtual machines hosted on one or more physical computing machines, or other appropriate virtual environments). 
     Referring now to  FIG. 17 , there is shown a block diagram depicting an exemplary computing device  10  suitable for implementing at least a portion of the features or functionalities disclosed herein. Computing device  10  may be, for example, any one of the computing machines listed in the previous paragraph, or indeed any other electronic device capable of executing software- or hardware-based instructions according to one or more programs stored in memory. Computing device  10  may be configured to communicate with a plurality of other computing devices, such as clients or servers, over communications networks such as a wide area network a metropolitan area network, a local area network, a wireless network, the Internet, or any other network, using known protocols for such communication, whether wireless or wired. 
     In one aspect, computing device  10  includes one or more central processing units (CPU)  12 , one or more interfaces  15 , and one or more busses  14  (such as a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus). When acting under the control of appropriate software or firmware, CPU  12  may be responsible for implementing specific functions associated with the functions of a specifically configured computing device or machine. For example, in at least one aspect, a computing device  10  may be configured or designed to function as a server system utilizing CPU  12 , local memory  11  and/or remote memory  16 , and interface(s)  15 . In at least one aspect, CPU  12  may be caused to perform one or more of the different types of functions and/or operations under the control of software modules or components, which for example, may include an operating system and any appropriate applications software, drivers, and the like. 
     CPU  12  may include one or more processors  13  such as, for example, a processor from one of the Intel, ARM, Qualcomm, and AMD families of microprocessors. In some aspects, processors  13  may include specially designed hardware such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), electrically erasable programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and so forth, for controlling operations of computing device  10 . In a particular aspect, a local memory  11  (such as non-volatile random access memory (RAM) and/or read-only memory (ROM), including for example one or more levels of cached memory) may also form part of CPU  12 . However, there are many different ways in which memory may be coupled to system  10 . Memory  11  may be used for a variety of purposes such as, for example, caching and/or storing data, programming instructions, and the like. It should be further appreciated that CPU  12  may be one of a variety of system-on-a-chip (SOC) type hardware that may include additional hardware such as memory or graphics processing chips, such as a QUALCOMM SNAPDRAGON™ or SAMSUNG EXYNOS™ CPU as are becoming increasingly common in the art, such as for use in mobile devices or integrated devices. 
     As used herein, the term “processor” is not limited merely to those integrated circuits referred to in the art as a processor, a mobile processor, or a microprocessor, but broadly refers to a microcontroller, a microcomputer, a programmable logic controller, an application-specific integrated circuit, and any other programmable circuit. 
     In one aspect, interfaces  15  are provided as network interface cards (NICs). Generally, NICs control the sending and receiving of data packets over a computer network; other types of interfaces  15  may for example support other peripherals used with computing device  10 . Among the interfaces that may be provided are Ethernet interfaces, frame relay interfaces, cable interfaces, DSL interfaces, token ring interfaces, graphics interfaces, and the like. In addition, various types of interfaces may be provided such as, for example, universal serial bus (USB), Serial, Ethernet, FIREWIRE™, THUNDERBOLT™, PCI, parallel, radio frequency (RF), BLUETOOTH™, near-field communications (e.g., using near-field magnetics), 802.11 (WiFi), frame relay, TCP/IP, ISDN, fast Ethernet interfaces, Gigabit Ethernet interfaces, Serial ATA (SATA) or external SATA (ESATA) interfaces, high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI), digital visual interface (DVI), analog or digital audio interfaces, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) interfaces, high-speed serial interface (HSSI) interfaces, Point of Sale (POS) interfaces, fiber data distributed interfaces (FDDIs), and the like. Generally, such interfaces  15  may include physical ports appropriate for communication with appropriate media. In some cases, they may also include an independent processor (such as a dedicated audio or video processor, as is common in the art for high-fidelity A/V hardware interfaces) and, in some instances, volatile and/or non-volatile memory (e.g., RAM). 
     Although the system shown in  FIG. 17  illustrates one specific architecture for a computing device  10  for implementing one or more of the aspects described herein, it is by no means the only device architecture on which at least a portion of the features and techniques described herein may be implemented. For example, architectures having one or any number of processors  13  may be used, and such processors  13  may be present in a single device or distributed among any number of devices. In one aspect, a single processor  13  handles communications as well as routing computations, while in other aspects a separate dedicated communications processor may be provided. In various aspects, different types of features or functionalities may be implemented in a system according to the aspect that includes a client device (such as a tablet device or smartphone running client software) and server systems (such as a server system described in more detail below). 
     Regardless of network device configuration, the system of an aspect may employ one or more memories or memory modules (such as, for example, remote memory block  16  and local memory  11 ) configured to store data, program instructions for the general-purpose network operations, or other information relating to the functionality of the aspects described herein (or any combinations of the above). Program instructions may control execution of or comprise an operating system and/or one or more applications, for example. Memory  16  or memories  11 ,  16  may also be configured to store data structures, configuration data, encryption data, historical system operations information, or any other specific or generic non-program information described herein. 
     Because such information and program instructions may be employed to implement one or more systems or methods described herein, at least some network device aspects may include nontransitory machine-readable storage media, which, for example, may be configured or designed to store program instructions, state information, and the like for performing various operations described herein. Examples of such nontransitory machine- readable storage media include, but are not limited to, magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape; optical media such as CD-ROM disks; magneto-optical media such as optical disks, and hardware devices that are specially configured to store and perform program instructions, such as read-only memory devices (ROM), flash memory (as is common in mobile devices and integrated systems), solid state drives (SSD) and “hybrid SSD” storage drives that may combine physical components of solid state and hard disk drives in a single hardware device (as are becoming increasingly common in the art with regard to personal computers), memristor memory, random access memory (RAM), and the like. It should be appreciated that such storage means may be integral and non-removable (such as RAM hardware modules that may be soldered onto a motherboard or otherwise integrated into an electronic device), or they may be removable such as swappable flash memory modules (such as “thumb drives” or other removable media designed for rapidly exchanging physical storage devices), “hot-swappable” hard disk drives or solid state drives, removable optical storage discs, or other such removable media, and that such integral and removable storage media may be utilized interchangeably. Examples of program instructions include both object code, such as may be produced by a compiler, machine code, such as may be produced by an assembler or a linker, byte code, such as may be generated by for example a JAVA™ compiler and may be executed using a Java virtual machine or equivalent, or files containing higher level code that may be executed by the computer using an interpreter (for example, scripts written in Python, Perl, Ruby, Groovy, or any other scripting language). 
     In some aspects, systems may be implemented on a standalone computing system. Referring now to  FIG. 18 , there is shown a block diagram depicting a typical exemplary architecture of one or more aspects or components thereof on a standalone computing system. Computing device  20  includes processors  21  that may run software that carry out one or more functions or applications of aspects, such as for example a client application  24 . Processors  21  may carry out computing instructions under control of an operating system  22  such as, for example, a version of MICROSOFT WINDOWS™ operating system, APPLE macOS™ or iOS™ operating systems, some variety of the Linux operating system, ANDROID™ operating system, or the like. In many cases, one or more shared services  23  may be operable in system  20 , and may be useful for providing common services to client applications  24 . Services  23  may for example be WINDOWS™ services, user-space common services in a Linux environment, or any other type of common service architecture used with operating system  21 . Input devices  28  may be of any type suitable for receiving user input, including for example a keyboard, touchscreen, microphone (for example, for voice input), mouse, touchpad, trackball, or any combination thereof. Output devices  27  may be of any type suitable for providing output to one or more users, whether remote or local to system  20 , and may include for example one or more screens for visual output, speakers, printers, or any combination thereof. Memory  25  may be random-access memory having any structure and architecture known in the art, for use by processors  21 , for example to run software. Storage devices  26  may be any magnetic, optical, mechanical, memristor, or electrical storage device for storage of data in digital form (such as those described above, referring to  FIG. 17 ). Examples of storage devices  26  include flash memory, magnetic hard drive, CD-ROM, and/or the like. 
     In some aspects, systems may be implemented on a distributed computing network, such as one having any number of clients and/or servers. Referring now to  FIG. 19 , there is shown a block diagram depicting an exemplary architecture  30  for implementing at least a portion of a system according to one aspect on a distributed computing network. According to the aspect, any number of clients  33  may be provided. Each client  33  may run software for implementing client-side portions of a system; clients may comprise a system  20  such as that illustrated in  FIG. 18 . In addition, any number of servers  32  may be provided for handling requests received from one or more clients  33 . Clients  33  and servers  32  may communicate with one another via one or more electronic networks  31 , which may be in various aspects any of the Internet, a wide area network, a mobile telephony network (such as CDMA or GSM cellular networks), a wireless network (such as WiFi, WiMAX, LTE, and so forth), or a local area network (or indeed any network topology known in the art; the aspect does not prefer any one network topology over any other). Networks  31  may be implemented using any known network protocols, including for example wired and/or wireless protocols. 
     In addition, in some aspects, servers  32  may call external services  37  when needed to obtain additional information, or to refer to additional data concerning a particular call. Communications with external services  37  may take place, for example, via one or more networks  31 . In various aspects, external services  37  may comprise web-enabled services or functionality related to or installed on the hardware device itself. For example, in one aspect where client applications  24  are implemented on a smartphone or other electronic device, client applications  24  may obtain information stored in a server system  32  in the cloud or on an external service  37  deployed on one or more of a particular enterprise&#39;s or user&#39;s premises. In addition to local storage on servers  32 , remote storage  38  may be accessible through the network(s)  31 . 
     In some aspects, clients  33  or servers  32  (or both) may make use of one or more specialized services or appliances that may be deployed locally or remotely across one or more networks  31 . For example, one or more databases  34  in either local or remote storage  38  may be used or referred to by one or more aspects. It should be understood by one having ordinary skill in the art that databases in storage  34  may be arranged in a wide variety of architectures and using a wide variety of data access and manipulation means. For example, in various aspects one or more databases in storage  34  may comprise a relational database system using a structured query language (SQL), while others may comprise an alternative data storage technology such as those referred to in the art as “NoSQL” (for example, HADOOP CASSANDRA™, GOOGLE BIGTABLE™, and so forth). In some aspects, variant database architectures such as column-oriented databases, in-memory databases, clustered databases, distributed databases, or even flat file data repositories may be used according to the aspect. It will be appreciated by one having ordinary skill in the art that any combination of known or future database technologies may be used as appropriate, unless a specific database technology or a specific arrangement of components is specified for a particular aspect described herein. Moreover, it should be appreciated that the term “database” as used herein may refer to a physical database machine, a cluster of machines acting as a single database system, or a logical database within an overall database management system. Unless a specific meaning is specified for a given use of the term “database”, it should be construed to mean any of these senses of the word, all of which are understood as a plain meaning of the term “database” by those having ordinary skill in the art. 
     Similarly, some aspects may make use of one or more security systems  36  and configuration systems  35 . Security and configuration management are common information technology (IT) and web functions, and some amount of each are generally associated with any IT or web systems. It should be understood by one having ordinary skill in the art that any configuration or security subsystems known in the art now or in the future may be used in conjunction with aspects without limitation, unless a specific security  36  or configuration system  35  or approach is specifically required by the description of any specific aspect. 
       FIG. 20  shows an exemplary overview of a computer system  40  as may be used in any of the various locations throughout the system. It is exemplary of any computer that may execute code to process data. Various modifications and changes may be made to computer system  40  without departing from the broader scope of the system and method disclosed herein. Central processor unit (CPU)  41  is connected to bus  42 , to which bus is also connected memory  43 , nonvolatile memory  44 , display  47 , input/output (I/O) unit  48 , and network interface card (NIC)  53 . I/O unit  48  may, typically, be connected to peripherals such as a keyboard  49 , pointing device  50 , hard disk  52 , real-time clock  51 , a camera  57 , and other peripheral devices. NIC  53  connects to network  54 , which may be the Internet or a local network, which local network may or may not have connections to the Internet. The system may be connected to other computing devices through the network via a router  55 , wireless local area network  56 , or any other network connection. Also shown as part of system  40  is power supply unit  45  connected, in this example, to a main alternating current (AC) supply  46 . Not shown are batteries that could be present, and many other devices and modifications that are well known but are not applicable to the specific novel functions of the current system and method disclosed herein. It should be appreciated that some or all components illustrated may be combined, such as in various integrated applications, for example Qualcomm or Samsung system-on-a-chip (SOC) devices, or whenever it may be appropriate to combine multiple capabilities or functions into a single hardware device (for instance, in mobile devices such as smartphones, video game consoles, in-vehicle computer systems such as navigation or multimedia systems in automobiles, or other integrated hardware devices). 
     In various aspects, functionality for implementing systems or methods of various aspects may be distributed among any number of client and/or server components. For example, various software modules may be implemented for performing various functions in connection with the system of any particular aspect, and such modules may be variously implemented to run on server and/or client components. 
     The skilled person will be aware of a range of possible modifications of the various aspects described above. Accordingly, the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.