Patent Publication Number: US-2021186154-A1

Title: Structure, manufacturing method for structure and system for manufacturing structure

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a structure, a manufacturing method for structure and a system for manufacturing structure. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     First Viewpoint 
     Techniques for manufacturing structures such as a shoe insole by a three-dimensional modeling equipment have been proposed (see, for example, patent literature 1). In the patent literature 1, the insole is formed by the three-dimensional modeling equipment based on three-dimensional forming data of the foot. In addition, the patent literature  1  discloses that the three-dimensional forming data is corrected in order to suppress pain caused by hallux valgus. Therefore, techniques for correcting the three-dimensional forming data in order to improve usability have been proposed. 
     Here, as methods of improving the usability of structures, there is a method of changing elasticity of a structure according to each part of the structures. Here, the elasticity (cushioning) of the structures is an index showing the hardness and the softness of the structures. As methods of changing elasticity of the structures, in addition to the first method of changing a resin material according to each part of the structure, there is the second method of changing an arrangement interval (filling rate) of linear resins that forms the structures according to each part of the structures (hereinafter referred to as filling rate control method). 
     Second Viewpoint 
     Techniques for manufacturing structures such as a shoe insole by a three-dimensional modeling equipment have been proposed (see, for example, patent literature 1). In the patent literature 1, the insole is formed by the three-dimensional modeling equipment based on three-dimensional forming data of the foot. 
     Third Viewpoint 
     Regarding three-dimensional modeling equipment, various proposals have been made to form a covering layer having a linear structure on a base layer by ejecting a linear resin (filament) from a nozzle on the base layer to form the linear structure (see, for example, patent literature 2). In the three-dimensional modeling equipment described in patent literature 2, the linear resin is ejected from the nozzle to the base layer with the nozzle&#39;s being spaced from the base layer. 
     Here, by changing constituent materials of the base layer and resin materials of the covering layer, it is possible to manufacture the structure with various functions by using the three-dimensional modeling equipment. For example, in a case of manufacturing shoe insoles, an upper surface side of the insole may be formed of a soft resin, and a lower surface side of the insole may be formed of a hard resin. Therefore, by configuring the insoles, a human load can be softly received on the upper surface side of the insole, and a shape of the insole can be suppressed on the lower surface side of the insole. 
     Fourth Viewpoint 
     Patent literature 3 is disclosed that an outer layer part made of elastic resin materials and an inner layer part made of materials that deform when a load is applied and retains its shape when the load is no longer applied. Since the cushion materials described in patent literature 3 have above configurations, it has effects of retaining the shapes and ensuring flexibility. 
     CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
     [Patent Literature 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application No. 2017-123974 
     [Patent Literature 2] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application No. 2018-94746 
     [Patent Literature 3] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application No. 2018-15381 
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
     First Viewpoint 
     As a forming method using the three-dimensional modeling equipment, there is a method of modeling a structure by moving the nozzle that ejects a linear resin. When forming structures by a filling rate control method using such a three-dimensional modeling equipment, a moving pitch of the nozzle is different between the first elastic region where a arrangement interval of the linear resin is the first arrangement interval and the second elastic region where an arrangement interval of the linear resin is the second arrangement interval. Therefore, when forming structures by the filling rate control method using the three-dimensional modeling equipment of an above-mentioned method, a moving path of the nozzle may be complicated. 
     A present invention is made in view of above backgrounds, a purpose of present invention is to provide a structure in which complexity of the moving path of the nozzle during forming is suppressed even if the structure has regions with different elasticity and a manufacturing method for a structure that can suppress complexity of the moving path of the nozzle when forming the structure with regions with different elasticity. 
     Second Viewpoint 
     For example, in a case of a structure worn on a human body, it is possible to improve usability of the structure by forming the structure after understanding where and how much pressure is applied to the structure. The three-dimensional modeling equipment described in patent literature 1 acquires the three-dimensional forming data of the foot, while the techniques described in patent literature 1 tend to limit improvement of usability. In the techniques described in patent literature 1, for example, the structure (insole) of similar shape will be created for two human bodies with different weights but similar foot shapes. For example, even if the shapes of the foot are the same, it may be preferable to form the structure with higher elasticity (cushioning) for a heavier human body. 
     The present invention is made in view of above backgrounds, the purpose of present invention is to provide a manufacturing method for structure and a system for manufacturing structure that can improve usability of the structure. 
     Third Viewpoint 
     If the constituent materials of the base layer and the resin materials of the covering layer are different, the covering layer may be easily peeled off from the base layer. In particular, as in the techniques described in patent literature 2, if the linear resin is ejected from the nozzle to the base layer with the nozzle&#39;s being spaced from the base layer, an entire covering layer is formed on the surface of the base layer, and the covering layer is easily peeled off from the base layer. 
     The present invention is made in view of above backgrounds, the purpose of present invention is to provide a structure and a manufacturing method for structure that makes it difficult for the covering layer to be peeled off from the base layer. 
     Fourth Viewpoint 
     By the way, depending on a use of cushion materials, it may be preferable to set an optimum shape for each user so that the optimum shape is retained during the user&#39;s use. Since the inner layer part of the cushion materials described in patent literature 3 is deformed when a load is applied, the inner layer part cannot be used for such use. 
     The present invention is made in view of above backgrounds, the purpose of present invention is to provide a structure that can be easily transformed into a shape set for each user, whose shape is retained during user&#39;s use, and that has an excellent usability. 
     Solution to Problem 
     First Viewpoint 
     The present invention provides a structure comprising: a formed body including a linear structure formed of a linear resin; wherein the formed body includes first and second elastic regions, and the linear resin forming the first elastic region is thinner than the linear resin forming the second elastic region. 
     According to the present invention, the linear resin forming the first elastic region is thinner than the linear resin forming the second elastic region. Therefore, even if the elasticity of the first elastic region and the elasticity of the second elastic region are different, it is not necessary to change the arrangement interval of the linear resin in the first elastic region and the arrangement interval of the linear resin in the second elastic region. And as a result, in the structure of the present invention, the complexity of the moving path of the nozzle during forming is suppressed. 
     Various embodiments of the present invention are described below. Any of the embodiments described below can be combined with one another. 
     Preferably, the formed body is formed by laminating the linear structures, the first and second elastic regions extend from a bottom layer of the linear structures to a top layer of the linear structures, and the first and second elastic regions are connected directly. 
     The embodiment provides a manufacturing method for a structure using a three-dimensional modeling equipment with a nozzle configured to eject a linear resin, the manufacturing method comprising: a forming step of forming a formed body by ejecting the linear resin from the nozzle while moving the nozzle; wherein, while the forming step is performed, a thickness of the linear resin ejected from the nozzle is changed. 
     Second Viewpoint 
     The present invention provides a manufacturing method for a structure using a three-dimensional modeling equipment with a nozzle configured to eject a linear resin, the manufacturing method comprising: an acquiring step of acquiring pressure distribution data indicating a load applied to a forming target; a generating step of generating forming data of the structure based on the pressure distribution data; and a forming step of forming the structure by moving the nozzle based on the forming data. 
     According to the present invention, it is possible to improve usability of the structure by forming the structure based on the forming data generated based on the pressure distribution data. 
     Various embodiments of the present invention are described below. Any of the embodiments described below can be combined with one another. 
     Preferably, the forming data has moving path data and thickness data, the moving path data defines a moving pitch when the nozzle is moved in two-dimensions, and the thickness data is associated with the moving path data and defines a thickness of the linear resin ejected from the nozzle, the generating step has a step of changing the moving path data or the thickness data according to the pressure distribution data. 
     Preferably, the acquiring step has a step of further acquiring the external shape data of the forming target, the generating step has a step of generating the forming data based on the pressure distribution data and the external shape data. 
     Preferably, the forming step has a step forming the structure so that a flexibility of the structure changes based on the forming data. 
     The embodiment provides a system for manufacturing structure comprising: an acquiring part configured to acquire pressure distribution data that indicates a load applied to a forming target; a generating part configured to generate forming data for the structure based on the pressure distribution data; and a forming part including a three-dimensional modeling equipment with a nozzle configured to eject a linear resin, the forming part being configured to form the structure by moving the nozzle based on the forming data. 
     Preferably, the forming data has moving path data and thickness data, the moving path data defines a moving pitch when the nozzle is moved in two-dimensions, and the thickness data is associated with the moving path data and defines the thickness of the linear resin ejected from the nozzle, the generating part is configured to change the moving path data or the thickness data according to the pressure distribution data. 
     Preferably, the forming part is configured to form the structure so that flexibility of the structure changes based on the forming data. 
     Third Viewpoint 
     The present invention provides a structure comprising: a base layer; and a covering layer including a linear structure and an impregnated layer, the covering layer being made of a resin material that is different from a resin material forming the base layer; wherein the linear structure is configured to cover at least a part of the base layer, the linear structure is formed on the impregnated layer, and a resin forming the impregnated layer is impregnated in the base layer. 
     According to the present invention, since the resin forming the impregnated layer, that is, the resin forming a part of the covering layer is impregnated in the base layer, it is possible to bond between the covering layer and the base layer strongly. Therefore, according to the present invention, even if the covering layer is made of the resin material different from the resin material that forms the base layer, the configuration of the present invention prevents the covering layer from peeling off from the base layer. 
     Various embodiments of the present invention are described below. Any of the embodiments described below can be combined with one another. 
     Preferably, the base layer is formed of foam, and the resin forming the impregnated layer is impregnated in bubbles of the foam. 
     The embodiment provides a manufacturing method for a structure including a base layer, and a covering layer including a linear structure and an impregnated layer, the covering layer being made of a resin material that is different from a resin material forming the base layer, the manufacturing method comprising: an impregnated layer forming step of forming an impregnated layer in the base layer by ejecting a linear resin from a nozzle, which is configured to eject the linear resin, into the base layer while pushing the nozzle ejecting the linear resin on the base layer; and a linear structure forming step of forming the linear structure by ejecting the linear resin from the nozzle while moving the nozzles on an upper side of the base layer. 
     Preferably, in the impregnated layer forming step, a pushing amount that the nozzle is pushed on the base layer is equal to or larger than a thickness of the linear resin. 
     Preferably, the base layer is formed of foam, and the impregnated layer forming step has a step of ejecting the linear resin from the nozzle into the base layer while pushing the nozzle on the base layer so that the linear resin is impregnated in bubbles of the foam. 
     Fourth Viewpoint 
     According to the present invention, the present invention provides a structure comprising: a base layer made of a shape memory material containing a shape memory polymer; and a covering layer made of a soft material and covering at least a part of the base layer. 
     In the configuration of the present invention, the base layer is made of a shape memory material containing a shape memory polymer, and the covering layer is made of the soft material. The shape memory polymer has a property that an elastic modulus changes significantly near a glass-transition temperature. Therefore, when transforming the shape of the structure, the base layer is heated to a temperature higher than the glass-transition temperature, and after the shape is transformed, the base layer is cooled to a temperature lower than the glass-transition temperature, as a result, the shape of structure can be easily transformed into a shape set for each user, and the transformed shape is retained in use. On the other hand, if this base layer contacts directly with the user, usability may be poor. However, since the covering layer of the structure of the present invention is made of the soft material, the usability can be improved by arranging the covering layer on a part that contacts with the user. 
     Various embodiments of the present invention are described below. Any of the embodiments described below can be combined with one another. 
     Preferably, a glass-transition temperature Tg of the shape memory polymer is 35 to 100 degrees Celsius. 
     Preferably, a ratio of an elastic modulus of the shape memory polymer at Tg+20 degrees Celsius to an elastic modulus of the shape memory polymer at Tg−20 degrees Celsius is equal to or larger than 10. 
     Preferably, the base layer and the covering layer are formed by laminating a linear structure which is formed of a linear resin by two-dimensionally moving a nozzle configured to eject a linear resin. 
     Preferably, the linear structure includes a plurality of grooves extending parallel to one another. 
     Preferably, two linear structures are provided adjacent in a laminating direction, one of the two linear structure includes one groove, and the other of the two linear structure includes the other groove, and the one groove intersects the other groove. 
     The embodiment provides a manufacturing method for a structure comprising: a base layer forming step of forming a base layer by laminating a first linear structure, the first linear structure being formed by two-dimensionally moving a nozzle configured to eject a first linear resin made of a shape memory material containing a shape memory polymer; and a covering layer forming step of forming a covering layer by laminating a second linear structure, the second linear structure being formed by two-dimensionally moving the nozzle configured to eject a second linear resin made of a soft material, wherein the covering layer covers at least a part of the base layer. 
     Preferably, the covering layer forming step is performed after the base layer forming step, and the covering layer is formed on the base layer as a base. 
     Preferably, the covering layer forming step is performed before the base layer forming step, and the base layer is formed on the covering layer as a base, and a temperature of the first linear resin when forming a bottom layer of the base layer is higher than an average temperature of the first linear resin when forming a layer other than the bottom layer of the base layer. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view schematically showing a structure  1  with a formed body  10  of the embodiments of the first to fourth viewpoints. 
         FIG. 2A  is a schematic view of a linear structure  4  formed by moving the nozzle that ejects a linear resin  4   b  mainly in the first direction D 1 .  FIG. 2B  is a schematic view of the linear structure  5  formed by moving the nozzle that ejects a linear resin  5   b  mainly in the second direction D 2 .  FIG. 2C  is a schematic view of the formed body  10  formed by alternately laminating the linear structure  4  and the linear structure  5 .  FIGS. 2A to 2C  are common on the first to the fourth viewpoint of the embodiments. 
         FIG. 3A  is a perspective view of the formed body  10  with different linear resin thickness between the first elastic region Rg 1  and the second elastic region Rg 2 .  FIG. 3B  is a top view of the formed body  10  shown in  FIG. 3A .  FIGS. 3A and 3B  are common on the first and the second viewpoint of the embodiments. 
         FIG. 4A  is a perspective view schematically showing a three-dimensional modeling equipment  50  that manufactures the formed body  10  of the embodiment.  FIG. 4B  is a schematic view of a gear mechanism  11 A 1  provided inside the head  11  shown in  FIG. 4A .  FIGS. 4A and 4B  are common on the first and the second viewpoint of the embodiments. 
         FIG. 5  is a functional block diagram of a control device Cnt that controls the three-dimensional modeling equipment  50 . 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic view in which a nozzle  12  ejects the linear resin on a covering layer  3  arranged on a forming table  31 . 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective view showing that the thickness of the linear resin ejected from the nozzle  12  is continuously changed when the linear structure  5  is formed. 
         FIG. 8  is a top view of the formed body  10 B in which the arrangement interval of the linear resin is larger than the arrangement interval of the linear resin of the formed body  10  shown in  FIGS. 3A and 3B . 
         FIG. 9  is a functional block diagram of the control device Cnt that controls the three-dimensional modeling equipment  50 . 
         FIG. 10  is a perspective view of the formed body  10  of the covering layer  3  of the structure  1  of the embodiments. 
         FIG. 11A  is an explanatory diagram of an impregnated layer forming step.  FIG. 11B  is an explanatory diagram of a linear structure forming step. 
         FIG. 12  is a perspective view of the structure  1  of the second embodiment of the fourth viewpoint of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. Any of the embodiments described below can be combined with one another. And the invention is established independently for each feature. 
     Embodiments of First Viewpoint 
     1. Structure  1   
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the structure  1  includes the base layer  2  and the covering layer  3 . The structure  1  is used in a field of nursing (supporters for decubitus prevention, supporters for talipes equinus prevention, children&#39;s splints, etc.) and sports applications (shoes insoles, etc.). The usability of the structure  1  can be improved by arranging the covering layer  3  made of the soft material. The structure  1  is suitable for applications where the covering layer  3  is used in contact with a living body (eg, the human body). In the embodiment, the structure  1  is the shoe insole. 
       1 - 1 . Base Layer  2   
     The base layer  2  is the layer on which the covering layer  3  is formed, and the base layer  2  and the covering layer  3  are in close contact with each other. The base layer  2  can be formed of, for example, the foam or the sponge body. The resin material that constitutes the base layer  2  is not particularly limited. The embodiments will be described as an example in which the structure  1  includes the base layer  2  and the covering layer  3 , but the embodiments are not limited thereto. The structure  1  does not necessarily include the base layer  2 . 
     1-2. Covering Layer  3   
     The covering layer  3  covers at least a part of the base layer  2 . The covering layer  3  is made of the resin material different from the resin material forming the base layer  2 . As shown in  FIG. 3A and 3B , the covering layer  3  is formed of the formed body  10 . In the embodiment, the covering layer  3  is formed only of the formed body  10 , but the covering layer  3  may be formed of other than the formed body  10 . The formed body  10  is formed by laminating two types of the linear structures (the linear structure  4  and  5  described later). 
     1-2-1. Linear Structures  4  and  5   
     As shown in  FIG. 2A and 2B , the linear structures  4  and  5  are formed of one linear resin  4   b  and  5   b.  As shown in  FIG. 2A , the linear resin  4   b  forming the linear structure  4  extends to the first direction D 1  and as shown in  FIG. 2B , the linear resin  5   b  forming the linear structure  5  extends to the second direction D 2 . In this embodiment, the first direction D 1  and the second direction D 2  are orthogonal to each other, but the first direction D 1  and the second direction D 2  may not be orthogonal to each other. Further, a plurality of grooves  4   a  and  5   a  are formed on the linear structures  4  and  5 . The grooves  4   a  extend to the first direction D 1  and the grooves  5   a  extend to the second direction D 2  in parallel. That is, the pair of the linear parts  4   c,  which are adjacent to one another, of the linear resin  4   b  are spaced apart, and in the same way, the pair of the linear parts  5   c,  which are adjacent to one another, of the linear resin  5   b  are spaced apart. 
     The formed body  10  includes a plurality of the linear structures  4  and a plurality of the linear structures  5 , and the linear structure  4  and the linear structure  5  are alternately laminated. Therefore, As shown in  FIG. 3A and 3B , the formed body  10  is formed in a mesh shape, and a large number of holes  3   a  are formed in the formed body  10 . As a result, the breathability of the structure  1  is improved, and the elasticity of the covering layer  3  of the structure  1  can be improved. 
     1-2-2. First and Second Elastic Regions Rg 1  and Rg 2   
     As shown  FIGS. 3A and 3B , the formed body  10  includes first and second elastic regions Rg 1  and Rg 2 . The linear resin forming the first elastic region Rg 1  is thinner than the linear resin forming the second elastic region Rg 2 . Specifically, the linear structure  4  includes the first and second elastic regions Rg 1  and Rg 2 , and the linear structure  5  also includes the first and second elastic regions Rg 1  and Rg 2 . 
     Here, when the linear structures  4  and  5  are viewed from above, the first elastic region Rg 1  overlaps with the first elastic region Rg 1  of the linear structure  5  so that the outer edge of the first elastic region Rg 1  of the linear structure  4  matches with the outer edge of the first elastic region Rg 1  of the linear structure  5 . In the same way, when the linear structures  4  and  5  are viewed from above, the second elastic region Rg 2  of the linear structure  4  overlaps with the second elastic region Rg 2  of the linear structure  5  so that the edges (the outer edge and the inner edge) of the second elastic region Rg 2  of the linear structure  4  matches with the edges (the outer edge and the inner edge) of the second elastic region Rg 2  of the linear structure  5 . Therefore, since the first and second elastic regions Rg 1  and Rg 2  of the linear structure  4  overlaps with the first and second elastic regions Rg 1  and Rg 2  of the linear structure  5 , the first and second elastic regions Rg 1  and Rg 2  of the formed body  10  extends from the bottom layer to the top layer of the linear structures  4  and  5 . 
     The first elastic region Rg 1  is arranged inside the second elastic region Rg 2 . Furthermore, the first elastic region Rg 1  and the second elastic region Rg 2  are connected directly. That is, there is no intervening region between the first elastic region Rg 1  and the second elastic region Rg 2 . 
     2. About Three-Dimensional Modeling Equipment  50   
     As shown in  FIG. 4A , the three-dimensional modeling equipment  50  is used as the manufacturing method for the structure  1 . The three-dimensional modeling equipment  50  includes a head  11 , a nozzle  12 , a frame  20 , a pair of first guide parts  21 , a second guide part  22 , a table drive unit  30 , and a forming table  31 . a wire material  14  made of resin is inserted in the head  11 . Although not shown in  FIG. 4A , the three-dimensional modeling equipment  50  includes a first drive unit that moves the head  11  along the second guide part  22  and a second drive unit that moves the second guide part  22  along the pair of second guide parts  22 . The first drive unit and the second drive unit correspond to the head drive unit  15  shown in  FIG. 5 . Furthermore, as shown in  FIG. 5 , the three-dimensional modeling equipment  50  includes the control device Cnt that controls various actuators. 
     2-1. Configuration of Three-Dimensional Modeling Equipment  50   
     The head  11  is provided in the second guide part  22 , and the head  11  is configured to move freely in the first direction D 1 . The resin supply mechanism  11 A and a heater  11 B (see  FIG. 5 ) are provided in the head  11 . The resin supply mechanism  11 A is a mechanism that sends the wire material  14  inserted in the head  11  to the nozzle  12 , and the resin supply mechanism  11 A includes a gear mechanism  11 A 1  (see  FIG. 4B ) and a motor that rotates the gear mechanism (not shown). The wire material  14  is bitten into the gear mechanism of the resin supply mechanism  11 A, and when this gear mechanism rotates, the wire material  14  is sent out to the nozzle  12 . Also, the heater  11 B is arranged on the top of the nozzle  12 . When the heater  11 B heats the wire material  14 , the wire material  14  is softened, and the softened wire material  14  is ejected from the nozzle  12  as the linear resin. In the embodiment, sending the wire material  14  to the nozzle  12  by the gear mechanism  11 A 1  is explained, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the three-dimensional modeling equipment  50  may be configured to supply a pellet-type resin to the nozzle  12 , and specifically, the three-dimensional modeling equipment  50  may be provided with a screw for supplying the pellet resin to the nozzle  12  and a motor for rotating the screw instead of the gear mechanism  11 A 1 . 
     The nozzle  12  is fixed at the bottom of the head  11 . By the head  11  moving toward the second guide part  22  and the second guide part  22  moving toward the pair of the first guide parts  21 , the nozzle  12  is moved on the forming table  31  in two-dimensions. 
     The frame  20  supports a pair of the first guide part  21  and the second guide part  22 . The forming table  31  is arranged inside the frame  20 . The table drive unit  30  includes a function to move the forming table  31  up and down. Each time the linear structure of any layer is formed, the table drive unit  30  moves the forming table  31  downward, so that the three-dimensional modeling equipment  50  can laminate the linear structure. 
     2-2. Functional Block of Control Device Cnt 
     The Control device Cnt of the three-dimensional modeling equipment  50  acquires the target data related to the target (in this Embodiment, the foot of the human body) that uses the structure  1 . The acquired target data is, for example, the pressure distribution data or the external shape data. The pressure distribution data is the data indicating the load applied to the target, and the external shape data is the data indicating the surface shape of the target. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , the control device Cnt includes a calculation unit U 1 , a motion control unit U 2 , and a memory U 3 . The calculation unit U 1  generates the forming data for forming the formed body  10  based on the acquired target data. This forming data includes the moving path data and the thickness data. In addition, the motion control unit U 2  controls the head drive unit  15 , the table drive unit  30 , the resin supply mechanism  11 A, and the heater  11 B. The memory U 3  stores various data such as the forming data. 
     Each functional part included in the control device Cnt includes a dedicated hardware or a Micro Processing Unit (MPU) that executes a program stored in the memory U 3 . When the control device Cnt is the dedicated hardware, for example, the control device Cnt can be a single circuit, a composite circuit, an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit), an FPGA (field-programmable gate array), or a combination of these. Each of the functional parts realized by the control device Cnt may be realized by individual hardware, or each functional part may be realized by one hardware. When the control device Cnt is an MPU, each function of the control device Cnt executes is realized by software, firmware, or a combination of software and firmware. The software and the firmware are described as a program and stored in the memory U 3 . The MPU realizes each function of the control device Cnt by reading and executing the program stored in the memory U 3 . The memory U 3  is a non-volatile or volatile semiconductor memory such as RAM, ROM, flash memory, EPROM, EEPROM. 
     The moving path data is the data that defines the path of the nozzle  12  when moving the nozzle  12  in two-dimensions. For example, the moving path data defines the moving pitch of the nozzle  12  when the nozzle  12  is moved two-dimensionally, and the coordinates of the nozzle  12  when the nozzle  12  is moved two-dimensionally. On the linear structure  4  shown in  FIG. 2A , the moving pitch defined by the moving path data corresponds to the pitch Pt 1 , and on the linear structure  5  shown in  FIG. 2B , the moving pitch defined by the moving path data corresponds to the pitch Pt 2 . Further, in the linear structure  4  shown in  FIG. 2A , the coordinates defined by the moving path data are the coordinates such as the coordinates P 1  of the outer edge of the second elastic region Rg 2 , and in the linear structure  5  shown in  FIG. 2B , the coordinates defined by the moving path data are the coordinates such as the coordinates P 2  of the outer edge of second elastic region Rg 2 . In addition, the coordinates defined by the moving path data include the coordinates that define the boundary between the first elastic region Rg 1  and the second elastic region Rg 2 . The embodiments will be described as the moving path data changes based on the target data, but the embodiments are not limited thereto. Even if the target data is different, the same moving path data may be used. 
     The thickness data is related with the moving path data, and the thickness data is the data that determines the thickness of the linear resin ejected from the nozzle  12 . In general, the thicker the linear resin, the harder the formed body  10 , and the thinner the thickness of the thickness of the linear resin, the softer the formed body  10 . The thickness of the linear resin ejected from the nozzle  12  can be changed by changing the amount of the wire material  14  (the length of the wire material  14 ) sent out per unit time from the resin supply mechanism  11 A to the nozzle  12 . In other words, since the motion control unit U 2  controls the resin supply mechanism  11 A, the thickness of the linear resin ejected from the nozzle  12  changes. Therefore, in the embodiment, the thickness data corresponds to the control data of the resin supply mechanism  11 A. 
     Further, the technics for changing the thickness of the linear resin ejected from the nozzle  12  is not limited to this. The nozzle  12  may be configured so that an opening diameter for ejecting the linear resin is variable. That is, the nozzle  12  is provided with a diameter changing mechanism that changes the opening diameter of the nozzle  12 , and the motion control unit U 2  controls the diameter changing mechanism based on the forming data. The thickness data of this forming data corresponds to the control data of the diameter changing mechanism. The larger the opening diameter of the nozzle  12 , the thicker the thickness of the linear resin. 
     Further, the thickness of the linear resin ejected from the nozzle  12  can be changed, for example, by changing moving speed of the nozzle  12 . That is, the thickness of the linear resin ejected from the nozzle  12  can be changed by changing a moving range per unit time of the nozzle  12 . In this case, the thickness data corresponds to the control data of the head drive unit  15 . As the moving speed of the nozzle  12  becomes slower, the amount of the linear resin ejected from the nozzle  12  to an arbitrary part also increases, so that the thickness of the linear resin becomes thicker. 
     3. Manufacturing Method for Structure  1   
     The manufacturing method for the structure  1  of the embodiment includes an acquiring step, a generating step, and a forming step. 
     3-1. Acquiring Step 
     In the acquiring step, for example, the control device Cnt acquires the target data from a measuring device. The measuring device corresponds to a device that measures the pressure distribution of the foot and a device that scans the outer shape of the foot. 
     3-2. Generating Step 
     In the generating step, the calculation unit U 1  of the control device Cnt generates the forming data of the formed body  10  based on the target data. This generated forming data includes the moving path data and the thickness data as described above. In the embodiment, the moving path data defines the range of the first and second elastic regions Rg 1  and Rg 2  in addition to defining the path to move the nozzle  12 . The thickness data related to this moving path data defines the control data of the resin supply mechanism  11 A in the first elastic region Rg 1  (a sending amount of the wire material  14 ) and the control data of the resin supply mechanism  11 A in the second elastic region Rg 2  (a sending amount of the wire material  14 ). The sending amount of the wire material  14  refers to the amount of the wire material  14  sent by the resin supply mechanism  11 A to the nozzle  12  per unit time. 
     3-3. Forming Step 
     In the forming step, the motion control unit U 2  of the control device Cnt controls the head drive unit  15 , the table drive unit  30  and the resin supply mechanism  11 A based on the forming data. In the forming step, the base layer  2  formed in advance is placed on the forming table  31 . The base layer  2  can also be formed in the forming step. 
     Moreover, in the embodiment, each of the linear resin forming the linear structures  4  and  5  is formed of one linear resin. That is, the path of the nozzle  12  when moving the nozzle  12  in two-dimensions is a single stroke. The shapes of the linear resin  4   b  and  5   b  shown in  FIG. 2A and 2B  correspond to the paths of the nozzle  12  when forming the linear structures  4  and  5  in the forming step. 
     When the motion control unit U 2  controls the head drive unit  15 , the table drive unit  30  and the resin supply mechanism  11 A based on the forming data, each configuration operates as follows. That is, as shown in  FIG. 6 , when the nozzle  12  passes through the part belonging to the second elastic region Rg 2  in the path of the nozzle  12 , the resin supply mechanism  11 A operates so that the sending amount of the wire material  14  increases. Also, when the nozzle  12  passes through the part belonging to the first elastic region Rg 1  in the path of the nozzle  12 , the resin supply mechanism  11 A operates so that the sending amount of the wire material  14  decreases. As a result, the thickness of the linear resin forming the first elastic region Rg 1  becomes thinner than the thickness of the linear resin forming the second elastic region Rg 2 . 
     When the motion control unit U 2  finishes moving the nozzle  12  so that the nozzle  12  passes the path corresponding to one of the shapes of the linear resin  4   b  and  5   b,  the motion control unit U 2  controls the table drive unit  30  to move the forming table  31  downward. Then, after the motion control unit U 2  moves the nozzle  12  so that the nozzle  12  passes the path corresponding to the other shape of the linear resin  4   b  and  5   b,  the motion control unit U 2  controls the table drive unit  30  to move the forming table  31  downward. In this way, by repeating the movement of the nozzle  12  and the forming table  31 , the formed body  10  is formed on the base layer  2 , and as a result, the three-dimensional modeling equipment  50  can form the structure  1 . 
     4. Effect of Embodiment 
     The formed body  10  includes the first and second elastic regions Rg 1  and Rg 2 , and the thickness of the linear resin forming the first elastic region Rg 1  is thinner than the thickness of the linear resin forming the second elastic region Rg 2 . That is, the formed body  10  includes a different elasticity (cushioning) depending on a part, and as a result, a composition of the formed body  10  can improve the usability of the formed body  10 . Specifically, the first elastic region Rg 1  is softer than the second elastic region Rg 2  and more cushioning than the second elastic region Rg 2 . Therefore, the load of the user&#39;s foot is softly received by the first elastic region Rg 1  of the formed body  10 . The forming positions of the first and second elastic regions Rg 1  and Rg 2  shown in  FIG. 2A  are examples, and the present embodiment of the invention is not limited to these forming positions. 
     Here, in the embodiment, the moving pitch when moving the nozzle  12  in two-dimensions is the same in both the first elastic region Rg 1  and the second elastic region Rg 2 . Specifically, in the case of forming the linear structure  4 , the moving pitch when the nozzle  12  is moved in two-dimensions is the pitch Pt 1  shown in  FIG. 2A , that is, constant in all regions. Also, in the case of forming the linear structure  5 , the moving pitch when the nozzle  12  is moved in two-dimensions is the pitch Pt 2  shown in  FIG. 2B , that is, constant in all regions. 
     Although the formed body  10  includes a different elastic (cushioning) depending on a part, the three-dimensional modeling equipment  50  can form the formed body  10  while keeping the moving pitch constant when moving the nozzle  12  in two-dimensions. Therefore, even if the formed body  10  includes a different elastic (cushioning) depending on a part, complexity of the two-dimensional moving path of the nozzle  12  is suppressed. Therefore, when manufacturing the formed body with a different cushioning depending on a part, it is possible to avoid being unable to form using the three-dimensional modeling equipment or due to the complexity of the two-dimensional moving path or to avoid the need to change the composition of the formed body. 
     In the manufacturing method for the formed body  10  of the embodiment, the thickness of the linear resin ejected from the nozzle  12  can be changed. Therefore, In the manufacturing method for the formed body  10  of the embodiment, the formed body with continuously and smoothly changing elasticity (cushioning) can be formed. Also, for example, there are cases where you want to make the thickness of the linear resin forming the outer periphery of the formed body  10  thicker, and you want to make the thickness of the linear resin forming the inner part of the outer periphery of the formed body  10  thinner. Even in such a case, the manufacturing method for the formed body  10  of the embodiment has an advantageous effect. As shown in  FIG. 7 , when the nozzle  12  is moving in the linear part  5   c,  the thickness of the linear resin ejected from the nozzle  12  is thinner, and when the nozzle  12  is moving in the end part  5   d,  the thickness of the linear resin ejected from the nozzle  12  is thicker. Then, when the nozzle  12  is moving in the transition part  5   e  arranged between the linear part  5   c  and the end part  5   d,  the thickness of the linear resin ejected from the nozzle  12  is gradually thicker or thinner. As shown in  FIG. 7 , this allows the outer periphery of linear structure  5  (corresponding to the outer periphery of the formed body  10 ) can be formed harder, and the inner part of the outer periphery of the linear structure  5  can be formed softer. 
     For example, in the filling rate control method, the formed body can be formed hard by narrowing the arrangement interval of a pair of adjacent the linear resins, that is, by increasing the filling rate. However, if the arrangement interval of a pair of adjacent linear resins is narrowed, the moving pitch of the nozzle  12  becomes shorter, the moving time of the nozzle  12  increases, and as a result, the forming time of the formed body  10  becomes longer. In the manufacturing method for the formed body  10  of the embodiment, the elasticity (cushioning) can be made different according to each part of the formed body  10  by changing the thickness of the linear resin ejected from the nozzle  12 . Therefore, in the manufacturing method for the formed body  10  of the embodiment, the formed body  10  can be formed harder by being thicker the thickness of the linear resin without narrowing the arrangement interval of the linear resin. That is, the manufacturing method for the formed body  10  of the embodiment can suppress lengthening of the forming time of the formed body  10  when the formed body  10  is formed harder. 
     When the same moving path data is used even if the target data is different, the manufacturing method for the formed body  10  of the embodiment has an advantageous effect. That is, the manufacturing method for the formed body  10  of the embodiment can change the elasticity (cushioning) according to each part of the formed body  10  by changing the thickness of the linear resin ejected from nozzle  12 , therefore the manufacturing method can suppress the variation of the moving path data stored in the control device Cnt, and suppress the load when the control device Cnt calculates the moving path data. Therefore, the manufacturing method of the embodiment can suppress the complexity of the processing of the control device Cnt when forming the formed body  10 , and as a result, the manufacturing method of the embodiment can easily automate the process of manufacturing the structure  1 . 
     If the moving pitch when moving the nozzle  12  in two-dimensions is different between the first elastic region Rg 1  and the second elastic region Rg 2 , it is possible to make the elasticity of the first elastic region Rg 1  different from the elasticity of the second elastic region Rg 2 , but it becomes difficult to define the path of nozzle  12  with a single stroke. In particular, when the first elastic region Rg 1  is arranged inside the second elastic region Rg 2  as the formed body  10  of the embodiment, it tends to be more difficult to define the path of the nozzle  12  with a single stroke. Therefore, if the moving pitch when moving the nozzle  12  in two-dimensions is different between the first elastic region Rg 1  and the second elastic region Rg 2 , for example, the first elastic region Rg 1  and the second elastic region Rg 2  need to be formed separately. If the first elastic region Rg 1  and the second elastic region Rg 2  are formed separately, the first elastic region Rg 1  and the second elastic region Rg 2  become discontinuous, thus the first elastic region Rg 1  will be peeled off from the second elastic region Rg 2  and the usability of the formed body (the insole) will become worse, this case will lower the quality of the formed body. Also, if the first elastic region Rg 1  and the second elastic region Rg 2  are formed separately, the forming time of the formed body will be longer. However, in the formed body  10  of the embodiment, the first elastic region Rg 1  and the second elastic region Rg 2  are connected directly. Therefore, deterioration of quality of the formed body  10  of the embodiment is suppressed, and lengthening of the forming time is suppressed. 
     Embodiments Of Second Viewpoint 
     1. Structure  1   
     The explanation of “STRUCTURE  1 ” of embodiment of second viewpoint is omitted because it is similar to “1. STRUCTURE” of embodiments of first viewpoint. 
     1-1. Base Layer  2   
     The explanation of “BASE LAYER  2 ” of embodiment of second viewpoint is omitted because it is similar to “1-1. BASE LAYER  2 ” of embodiments of first viewpoint. 
     1-2. Covering Layer  3   
     The explanation of “COVERING LAYER  3 ” of embodiment of second viewpoint is omitted because it is similar to “1-2. COVERING LAYER  3 ” of embodiments of first viewpoint. 
     1-2-1. Formed Body  10  Etc. 
     The explanation of “FORMED BODY  10  (linear structures  4 ,  5  and first and second elastic regions Rg 1 , Rg 2 )” of embodiment of second viewpoint is omitted because it is similar to “1-2-1. LINEAR STRUCTURES  4  AND  5 ” and “1-2-2. FIRST and SECOND ELASTIC REGIONS Rg 1  AND Rg 2 ” of embodiments of first viewpoint. 
     1-2-2. Formed Body  10 B 
     The shape of the formed body of the covering layer  3  is not limited to the above-mentioned the formed body  10 . The formed body of the covering layer  3  may be the formed body  10 B shown in  FIG. 8 . The arrangement interval of the linear resin of the first elastic region Rg 1  of the formed body  10 B is larger than the arrangement interval of the linear resin of the first elastic region Rg 1  of the formed body  10 . That is, the filling rate of the first elastic region Rg 1  of the formed body  10 B is smaller than the filling rate of the first elastic region Rg 1  of the formed body  10 . The first elastic region Rg 1  of the formed body  10 B is also rich in cushioning like the first elastic region Rg 1  of the formed body  10 . Hardness of the formed body can be changed by changing the thickness of the linear resin as in the formed body  10 , or by changing the filling rate of the linear resin as in the formed body  10 B. 
     2. About Three-Dimensional Modeling Equipment  50   
     As shown in  FIG. 4A , the three-dimensional modeling equipment  50  is used as the manufacturing method for the structure  1 . In addition, a system for manufacturing the structure  1  includes an acquiring part, a generating part, and a forming part. The three-dimensional modeling equipment  50  corresponds to the forming part in the system for manufacturing the structure  1 . The three-dimensional modeling equipment  50  includes a head  11 , a nozzle  12 , a frame  20 , a pair of first guide parts  21 , a second guide part  22 , a table drive unit  30 , and a forming table  31 . A wire material  14  constituted with a resin is inserted in the head  11 . Although not shown in  FIG. 4A , the three-dimensional modeling equipment  50  includes a first drive unit that moves the head  11  along the second guide part  22  and a second drive unit that moves the second guide part  22  along the pair of second guide parts  22 . The first drive unit and the second drive unit correspond to the head drive unit  15  shown in  FIG. 9 . Further, as shown in  FIG. 9 , the three-dimensional modeling equipment  50  includes a control device Cnt that controls various actuators. 
     2-1. Configuration of Three-Dimensional Modeling Equipment  50   
     The explanation of “THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING EQUIPMENT  50 ” of embodiment of second viewpoint is omitted because it is similar to “2-1. THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING EQUIPMENT  50 ” of embodiments of first viewpoint. 
     2-2. Functional Block of Control Device Cnt 
     The Control device Cnt of the three-dimensional modeling equipment  50  acquires the target data of the target (in this Embodiment, the foot of the human body) that uses the structure  1 . In the embodiment, the acquired target data is the pressure distribution data and the external shape data. The pressure distribution data is the data indicating the load applied to the target, and the external shape data is the data indicating the surface shape of the target. As shown in  FIG. 9 , the control device Cnt acquires the pressure distribution data from the pressure measurement unit Se 1 . In addition, the control device Cnt acquires the external shape data from the external shape scanning unit Se 2 . The pressure measurement unit Se 1  and the external shape scanning unit Se 2  correspond to the acquiring part in the system for manufacturing the structure  1 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 9 , the control device Cnt includes a calculation unit U 1 , a motion control unit U 2 , and a memory U 3 . The calculation unit U 1  of the control device Cnt corresponds to the generating part in the system for manufacturing the structure  1 . The calculation unit U 1  generates the forming data for forming the formed body  10  based on the acquired target data. This forming data includes the moving path data and the thickness data. In addition, the motion control unit U 2  controls the head drive unit  15 , the table drive unit  30 , the resin supply mechanism  11 A, and the heater  11 B. The memory U 3  stores various data such as the forming data. 
     In the embodiment of second viewpoint, each functional part, the moving path data, and the thickness data included in the control device Cnt are omitted because it is similar to 
     2-2. Functional Block of Control Device Cnt of Embodiments of First VIEWPOINT. Also, in the embodiment of second viewpoint, the technics for changing the thickness of the linear resin ejected from the nozzle  12  can be adopted the technics explained in 2-2. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK OF CONTROL DEVICE Cnt of EMBODIMENTS OF FIRST VIEWPOINT. 
     3. Manufacturing Method for Structure  1   
     The manufacturing method for the structure  1  of the embodiment includes an acquiring step, a generating step, and a forming step. 
     3-1. Acquiring Step 
     In the acquiring step, the control device Cnt acquires the pressure distribution data from the pressure measuring unit Se 1  and the external shape data from the external shape scanning unit Se 2 . In the embodiment, although the case where the control device Cnt acquires the external shape data in addition to the pressure distribution data is described, the control device Cnt may not acquire the external shape data. 
     3-2. Generating Step 
     In the generating step, the calculation unit U 1  of the control device Cnt generates the forming data of the formed bodies  10  and  10 B based on the target data. This generated forming data includes the moving path data and the thickness data as described above. In the generating step, the calculation unit U 1  generates the forming data of the formed bodies  10  and  10 B based on the pressure distribution data and the external shape data. Here, in the control device Cnt, a program that can determine the suitable insole shape for the user&#39;s foot based on the pressure distribution of the target and the outer shape of the target is stored. The calculation unit U 1  generates the forming data of the formed bodies  10  and  10 B based on algorithm of this program. The algorithm of this program can set the region of the pressure distribution data where the pressure is higher than the predetermined pressure value to the first elastic region Rg 1 . In addition, the algorithm of this program may set the filling rate of the linear resin of the entire formed body to be constant and the filling rate of the linear resin to be low when the variation of the pressure value of the pressure distribution data is lower than the predetermined value, and the average value of the pressure values of the pressure distribution data is lower than the predetermined pressure value. In this way, the algorithm of the program can be determined based on properties of the target and use&#39;s requests. 
     In the embodiment, the moving path data defines the path of the nozzle  12  when moving the nozzle  12 . In addition, the moving path data defines the range of the first and second elastic regions Rg 1  and Rg 2 . The thickness data related to this moving path data defines the control data of the resin supply mechanism  11 A in the first elastic region Rg 1  (a sending amount of the wire material  14 ) and the control data of the resin supply mechanism  11 A in the second elastic region Rg 2  (a sending amount of the wire material  14 ). The sending amount of the wire material  14  refers to the amount of the wire material  14  sent by the resin supply mechanism  11 A to the nozzle  12  per unit time. 
     3-3. Forming Step 
     In the forming step, the motion control unit U 2  of the control device Cnt controls the head drive unit  15 , the table drive unit  30  and the resin supply mechanism  11 A based on the forming data. In the forming step, the base layer  2  formed in advance is placed on the forming table  31 . The base layer  2  can also be formed in the forming step. In this forming step, the structure  1  is formed so that flexibility (cushioning) of the structure  1  changes based on the forming data generated in the generating step. The flexibility (cushioning) of the structure  1  can be changed by adjusting the thickness of the linear resin (see  FIG. 3B ) and the pitch of the linear resin (see  FIG. 8 ). In addition, although the configuration of  FIG. 3B  and the configuration of  FIG. 8  are independent, the structure  1  of the embodiment may be included both the configuration of the first elastic region Rg 1  of  FIG. 3B  and the configuration of the first elastic region Rg 1  of  FIG. 8 . 
     Moreover, in the embodiment, the linear resin forming the linear structures  4  and  5  of the formed body  10  is formed of one linear resin. That is, the path of the nozzle  12  when moving the nozzle  12  in two-dimensions is a single stroke. The shapes of the linear resins  4   b  and  5   b  shown in  FIGS. 2A and 2B  correspond to the paths of the nozzle  12  when forming the linear structure  4  and  5  in the forming step. 
     In the forming step of the formed body  10 , when the motion control unit U 2  controls the head drive unit  15 , the table drive unit  30  and the resin supply mechanism  11 A based on the forming data, each configuration operates as follows. That is, when the nozzle  12  passes through the part belonging to the second elastic region Rg 2  in the path of the nozzle  12 , the resin supply mechanism  11 A operates so that the sending amount of the wire material  14  increases. Also, when the nozzle  12  passes through the part belonging to the first elastic region Rg 1  in the path of the nozzle  12 , the resin supply mechanism  11 A operates so that the sending amount of the wire material  14  decreases. As a result, the thickness of the linear resin forming the first elastic region Rg 1  becomes thinner than the thickness of the linear resin forming the second elastic region Rg 2 . Also, the first elastic region Rg 1  of the formed body  10 B is different from the first elastic region Rg 1  of the formed body  10 , and a part of the linear resin of the first elastic region Rg 1  of the formed body  10 B is interrupted. It is better not to eject the linear resin from the nozzle  12  when the nozzle  12  is moving the interrupted part. Further, the moving path of the nozzle  12  may be set to bypass the interrupted part so that the nozzle  12  does not move the interrupted part. 
     When the motion control unit U 2  finishes moving the nozzle  12  that passes the path corresponding to one of the shapes of the linear resin  4   b  and  5   b,  the motion control unit U 2  controls the table drive unit  30  to move the forming table  31  downward. Then, after the motion control unit U 2  moves the nozzle  12  that passes the path corresponding to the other shape of the linear resin  4   b  and  5   b,  the motion control unit U 2  controls the table drive unit  30  to move the forming table  31  downward. In this way, by repeating the movement of the nozzle  12  and the forming table  31 , the formed body  10  is formed on the base layer  2 , and as a result, the three-dimensional modeling equipment  50  can form the structure  1 . 
     4. Effect of Embodiment 
     The manufacturing method of the embodiment and the system of the embodiment form the structure based on the forming data generated based on the pressure distribution data. That is, the manufacturing method of the embodiment and the system of the embodiment form the structure by considering the pressure distribution indicating the load applied to the target formed, so that the usability of the structure can be improved. 
     In the generating step, the manufacturing method of the embodiment changes the moving path data or the thickness data according to the pressure distribution data. Also, in the generating part (calculation unit U 1 ), the system of the embodiment changes the moving path data or the thickness data according to the pressure distribution data. By changing the moving path data, the filling rate of the linear resin can be changed, and as a result, the elasticity (cushioning) of the formed body can be changed. Also, the elasticity (cushioning) of the formed body can be changed by changing the thickness data. Therefore, the manufacturing method of the embodiment and the system of the embodiment can change the elasticity (cushioning) of the formed body by a plurality of methods, that is, the method of changing the filling rate and the method of changing the thickness of the linear resin. Thus, the manufacturing method of the embodiment and the system of the embodiment can form the structure  1  according to properties of the target and the user&#39;s request, and as a result, and can improve the usability of the structure  1 . 
     The manufacturing method and the system of the embodiment can change the thickness of the linear resin according to a part of the formed body (see  FIG. 3A and 3B ) and can change the filling rate of the linear resin according to a part of the formed body (see  FIG. 8 ). Thus, the manufacturing method and the system of the embodiment can form the formed body with different elasticity (cushioning) according to a part of the formed body such as the formed body  10 . Therefore, the manufacturing method and the system of the embodiment can further improve the usability of the structure  1 . 
     In the generating step, the manufacturing method of the embodiment generates the forming data based on the pressure distribution data and the external shape data. Also, in the generating part (calculation unit U 1 ), the system of the embodiment generates the forming data based on the pressure distribution data and the external shape data. That is, the control device Cnt generates the forming data by considering not only the pressure distribution of the target but also the external shape of the target. Thus, the manufacturing method and the system of the embodiment can form the formed body with a shape suitable for the target and a hardness suitable for the target. As a result, the manufacturing method and the system of the embodiment can further improve the usability of the structure  1 . 
     Embodiments of Third Viewpoint 
     1. Configuration of Structure  1   
     The explanation of “CONFIGURATION OF STRUCTURE  1 ” of embodiment of third viewpoint is omitted because it is similar to “1. STRUCTURE” of embodiments of first viewpoint. 
     1-1. Base Layer  2   
     The base layer  2  is the layer on which the covering layer  3  is formed, and the base layer  2  and the covering layer  3  are in close contact with each other. The base layer  2  is formed of the foam, and the foam in the base layer  2  includes bubbles in which the resin forming the covering layer  3  penetrates. The base layer  2  can be formed of the foam including a large number of bubbles, and can also be formed of a sponge body including a large number of the bubbles. The resin material forming the base layer  2  is not particularly limited. The bubble structure of the base layer  2  may be an open cell structure or a closed cell structure. The open cell structure is easier for the resin to penetrate deeper than the closed cell structure, and the closed cell structure is easier to increase strength than the open cell structure. 
     1-2. Covering Layer  3   
     The covering layer  3  covers at least a part of the base layer  2 . The covering layer  3  is made of the resin material different from the resin material forming the base layer  2 . The covering layer  3  includes the formed body  10  and an impregnated layer  6 . As shown in  FIGS. 2A to 2C , the formed body  10  is formed by laminating two types of the linear structures (linear structures  4 ,  5 ). 
     1-2-1. Linear Structures  4  and  5   
     The explanation of “LINEAR STRUCTURES  4  AND  5 ” of embodiment of third viewpoint is omitted because it is similar to “1-2-1. LINEAR STRUCTURES  4  AND  5 ” of first viewpoint. 
     1-2-2. Impregnated Layer  6   
     The resin forming the impregnated layer  6  is impregnated in the base layer  2 . Specifically, in this embodiment, since the base layer  2  is the foam, the resin forming the impregnated layer  6  penetrates in the bubbles of the foam of the base layer  2 . Thus, by impregnating the base layer  2  with the resin forming the impregnated layer  6 , the resin forming the impregnated layer  6  is entangled with the foam forming the base layer  2 . As a result, the impregnated layer  6  bonds to the base layer  2  strongly. In addition, the formed body  10  (linear structures  4  and  5 ) is formed on the impregnated layer  6 , since the resin material forming the impregnated layer  6  and the resin material forming the formed body  10  are the same, the impregnated layer  6  and the formed body  10  are bonded strongly. Therefore, since the resin forming the impregnated layer  6  is impregnated in the base layer  2 , it is suppressed that the covering layer  3  is peeled off from the base layer  2 . In the embodiment, although the position of the surface of the impregnated layer  6  and the position of the surface of the base layer  2  are almost the same, the surface of the impregnated layer  6  may protrude from the surface of the base layer  2 . 
     2. Manufacturing Method for Structure  1   
     The manufacturing method for the structure  1  of the embodiment includes the impregnated layer forming step and a linear structure forming step. The three-dimensional modeling equipment of the manufacturing method for the structure  1  of the embodiment includes a nozzle  12 , a heating unit (not shown), and a resin supply unit (not shown). The nozzle  12  includes a function of linearizing the resin supplied from the resin supply unit. The heating unit is attached to such as the nozzle  12 , and the resin supplied to the nozzle  12  is softened by heat of the heating unit. 
     Impregnated Layer Forming Step 
     As shown in  FIG. 11A , in the impregnated layer forming step, the nozzle  12  ejecting the linear resin Rs is pushed on the base layer  2 , and the nozzle  12  ejectes the linear resin Rs into the base layer  2 . The linear resin Rs corresponds to the linear resin  4   b  or the linear resin  5   b  shown in  FIGS. 2A to 2C . Since the nozzle  12  is pushed on the base layer  2 , contact force between a tip surface of the nozzle  12  and the surface of the base layer  2  increases. As a result, the linear resin Rs ejected from the nozzle  12  is difficult to escape between the tip surface of the nozzle  12  and the surface of the base layer  2 , and the pressure of the linear resin Rs ejected from the nozzle  12  increases. This makes it easier for the linear resin Rs ejected from the nozzle  12  to penetrate the base layer  2 . The linear resin Rs penetrated the base layer  2  solidify in the base layer  2  after being cooled, and becomes an impregnated layer  6 . Here, in the embodiment, since the base layer  2  is formed of the foam, a large number of bubbles are included in the base layer  2 . Thus, in the embodiment, the linear resin Rs ejected from the nozzle  12  penetrates the bubbles of the base layer  2 , and the linear resin Rs are entangled with the foam forming the base layer  2 . That is, an anchor effect occurs in the impregnated layer  6  and the base layer  2 . Therefore, in the embodiment, since the impregnated layer  6  is strongly bonded to the base layer  2  by occuring the anchor effect, and bonding strength between the impregnated layer  6  and the base layer  2  is improved. 
     In the impregnated layer forming step, the nozzle  12  is two-dimensionally moved. Specifically, the two-dimensional moving range of the nozzle  12  in the impregnated layer forming step is determined according to the shape of the linear structure Bd located in the bottom layer of the formed body  10 . The linear structure Bd corresponds to the linear structure  4  or the linear structure  5  shown in  FIGS. 2A to 2C . For example, if the linear structure Bd located in the bottom layer of the formed body  10  is the linear structure  4 , the linear structure Bd located in the layer one above the bottom layer in which the linear structure Bd is located is the linear structure  5 . 
     In the embodiment, it is preferable that the two-dimensional moving range of the nozzle  12  in the impregnated layer forming step (hereinafter referred to as the first range) is the same as the two-dimensional moving range of the nozzle  12  in the linear structure Bd located in the bottom layer of the formed body  10  (hereinafter referred to as the second range), or is wider than the second range so as to include the whole of the second range. As a result, the whole of the lower part of the formed body  10  is formed on the impregnated layer  6 , and the formed body  10  is more reliably prevented from being peeled off from the base layer  2 . 
     Further, the second range may be extended beyond the first range. The extended part has lower bonding strength between the covering layer  3  and the base layer  2  than the non-extended part. However, in the non-extended part, the bonding strength between the covering layer  3  and the base layer  2  is high, it is suppressed that the covering layer  3  is peeled off from the base layer  2 . 
     Further, the path of the nozzle  12  when forming the impregnated layer  6  may be the same as the path of the nozzle  12  when forming the linear structure Bd located in the bottom layer of the formed body  10 . This prevents the first area of the base layer  2  from being covered by the impregnated layer  6  and prevents the ventilation between the holes  3   a  in the covering layer  3  and the bubbles in the base layer  2  from being blocked by the impregnated layer  6 . As a result, ventilation performance of the structure  1  is improved. 
     As shown in  FIG. 11A , in the impregnated layer forming step, a pushing amount Dp that the nozzle  12  is pushed on the base layer  2  is equal to or larger than a thickness of the linear resin Rs. In the embodiment, the thickness of the linear resin Rs is the same as the laminating pitch of the linear structure Bd. Thus, by setting the pushing amount Dp that the nozzle  12  is pushed on the base layer  2  to be equal to or larger than the thickness of the linear resin Rs, the linear resin Rs ejected from the nozzle  12  becomes more difficult to escape between the tip surface of the nozzle  12  and the surface of the base layer  2 . This not only makes it easier for the linear resin Rs ejected from the nozzle  12  to penetrate the base layer  2 , but also the linear resin Rs ejected from the nozzle  12  to penetrate the base layer  2  deeply. Therefore, the anchor effect is strengthened, and the impregnated layer  6  is more strongly bonded to the base layer  2 . 
     Also, in the impregnated layer forming step, if the nozzle  12  is pushed too much on the base layer  2 , the resin penetrated the base layer  2  may spread too much horizontally. Here, in the impregnated layer forming step, since the nozzle  12  moves on the base layer  2  in two-dimensions, so if the resin penetrated the base layer  2  spreads horizontally, adjacent resins of two-dimensional moving paths may come into contact with each other. If the adjacent resins of the two-dimensional moving paths come into contact with each other, the first range of the base layer  2  is covered with the impregnated layer  6 , and as a result, the ventilation performance of the structure  1  is reduced. Therefore, it is preferable to determine the pushing amount Dp that the nozzle  12  is pushed on the base layer  2  in the impregnated layer forming step and the the two-dimensional moving path of the nozzle  12  in the impregnated layer forming step so that the adjacent resins of the two-dimensional moving paths do not come into contact with each other. 
     Linear Structure Forming Step 
     As shown in  FIG. 11B , in the linear structure forming step, the linear structure Bd is formed by ejecting the linear resin Rs from the nozzle  12  while moving the nozzle  12  in two-dimensions. Each linear resin Rs forming each linear structure Bd is formed of one linear resin. That is, the path of the nozzle  12  when moving the nozzle  12  in two-dimensions is a single stroke. Therefore, the manufacturing method for the structure  1  of the embodiment can form efficiently the covering layer  3 . 
     3. Effect of Embodiment 
     In the conventional manufacturing method, the linear resin is ejected from the nozzle on the base layer with the nozzle&#39;s being spaced from the base layer. Therefore, in the conventional manufacturing method, it is difficult for the resin ejected from the nozzle to penetrate the base layer, as a result, the anchor effect cannot be occurred. However, in the structure  1  of the embodiment, the linear resin Rs ejected from the nozzle  12  penetrates the bubbles in the base layer  2  by the nozzle  12  is pushed on the base layer  2 , and the resin penetrated the bubbles solidifies. The resin that solidifies and becomes the impregnated layer  6  is entangled with the foam forming the base layer  2 , and the anchor effect occurs in the impregnated layer  6  and the base layer  2 . The impregnated layer  6  is strongly bonded to the base layer  2  by occurring the anchor effect, and bonding strength between the impregnated layer  6  and the base layer  2  is improved. 
     The Three-dimensional modeling equipment can form the structures of various shapes, but the formation time of one structure by the manufacturing method using this is longer than the formation time of one structure by the manufacturing method using a mold (for example, the manufacturing method by injection molding). Therefore, it is conceivable to form the base layer  2  by the injection molding in advance and to form the formed body  10  on the base layer  2  by the three-dimensional modeling equipment. Here, when the resin material forming the base layer  2  and the resin material forming the formed body  10  are the same, it is easy for this technic to bring the base layer  2  and the formed body  10  into close contact with each other. However, there are cases where the resin material forming the base layer  2  and the resin material forming the formed body  10  are different, such as the shoe insoles described in the embodiment. In such a case, it is difficult to bring the base layer  2  and the formed body  10  into close contact with each other. Therefore, it is preferable to apply the manufacturing method of the embodiment to the base layer  2  manufactured by the injection molding in advance. As a result, even if the resin material forming the base layer  2  and the resin material forming the formed body  10  are different, it is possible to efficiently manufacture structures including various shapes that are difficult to manufacture by the injection molding, etc. 
     Embodiment Of Fourth Viewpoint 
     1. First Embodiment of Fourth Viewpoint 
     1-1. Configuration of Structure  1   
     The explanation of “CONFIGURATION OF STRUCTURE  1 ” of the embodiment of fourth viewpoint is omitted because it is similar to “1. STRUCTURE” of embodiments of first viewpoint. 
     1-1-1. Base Layer  2   
     The base layer  2  is formed of a shape memory material including a shape memory polymer. The shape memory material includes a shape memory property and includes a property of returning to an original shape by elasticity when heated to a predetermined recovery temperature or higher. The shape memory material preferably includes only the shape memory polymer, but may include other components as long as the shape memory property is not impaired. The components other than the shape memory polymer are resins such as polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, and fillers. For example, the proportion of the shape memory polymer in the shape memory material is 50 to 100% by mass, specifically, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100% by mass. The proportion of the shape memory polymer may be within the range between any two of the values shown here. The recovery temperature of the shape memory material matches the glass-transition temperature of the shape memory polymer. 
     The shape memory polymer includes the property of returning to the original shape by the elasticity when heated over Tg. For example, Tg is 35 to 100 degrees Celsius, preferably 40 to 75 degrees Celsius, specifically, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90., 95, 100 degrees Celsius., and Tg may be within the range between any two of the values shown here. 
     When an external force is applied at temperature over Tg to shape the secondary shape and the temperature is cooled to less than Tg while the external force is applied, the secondary shape is fixed. At temperatures below Tg, the original shape is not returned even when the external force is not applied. On the other hand, when the shape memory polymer with the secondary shape is heated to the temperature over Tg and no external force is applied, the original shape is returned by elasticity. For example, the original shape can be formed by melting the shape memory polymer and shaping it into a desired shape. The shape memory polymer is a polymer including rubber elasticity, for example, polynorbornene, trans polyisoprene, styrene-butadiene copolymer, polyurethane and the like. 
     The shape memory polymer and the shape memory material including it includes the property that the elastic modulus changes significantly in the vicinity of Tg. For example, the elastic modulus at (Tg−20 degrees Celsius)/elastic modulus at (Tg+20 degrees Celsius) is 10 or more. In this case, the elastic modulus at (Tg−20 degrees Celsius) is 10 times or more the elastic modulus at (Tg+20 degrees Celsius), thus, the structure  1  is transformed at temperature of (Tg+20 degrees Celsius) or higher, and the structure  1  can be used at temperatures below (Tg−20 degrees Celsius). Therefore, the shape of the structure can be easily transformed into the shape set for each user, and the shape can be maintained during use. For example, the value of elastic modulus at (Tg−20 degrees Celsius)/elastic modulus at (Tg+20 degrees Celsius) is 10 to 1000, specifically 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70., 80, 90, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 1000, and the value may be within the range between any two of the values shown here. 
     Also, in a semi-logarithmic graph where the x-axis representing temperature (degrees Celsius) is a normal scale and the y-axis representing elastic modulus (Pa) is a logarithmic scale, the value of slope of the graph at Tg is −1 to −0.025, preferably −0.5 to −0.1. Specifically, the value of this slope is −1, −0.9, −0.8, −0.7, −0.6, −0.5, −0.4, −0.3, −0.2, −0.1, −0.075, −0.050, −0.025, and the value may be within the range between any two of the values shown here. The slope value of −1 means that the elastic modulus increases 10 times when the temperature drops by 1 degrees Celsius, and the slope value of −0.025 means that the elastic modulus increases 10 times when the temperature drops by 40 degrees Celsius. 
     In other words, when the elastic modulus increases 10 times or more due to the temperature change from Tg+X degrees Celsius to Tg-X degrees Celsius, X is preferably 20 or less, for example 0.5 to 20, specifically 0.5., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. And X may be within the range between any two of the values shown here. 
     In the present specification, the elastic modulus means a storage elastic modulus obtained by a dynamic viscoelasticity test, and can be measured according to JIS K7244. 
     Even if the base layer  2  is formed of a thermoplastic resin other than the shape memory material, it is possible to reduce the elastic modulus of the base layer as the temperature rises. However, for the thermoplastic resins other than the shape memory materials, since its elastic modulus decreases slowly as the temperature rises, it is not easy to carry out a series of processes in which the base layer  2  is heated and transformed and then lowered to maintain the transformed shape. Therefore, the base layer  2  needs to be formed of the shape memory material. 
     1-1-2. Covering Layer  3   
     The covering layer  3  covers at least a part of the base layer  2 . The covering layer  3  is formed of a soft material. The soft material is a material that can be easily elastically transformed at room temperature, and corresponds to elastomers with Tg below room temperature. Examples of the elastomer include styrene-based elastomers. The Tg of the soft material is preferably 20 degrees Celsius or lower, more preferably 10 degrees Celsius or lower, and even more preferably 0 degree Celsius or lower. The soft material is preferably softer than the shape memory material at room temperature (25 degrees Celsius) and preferably has a lower elastic modulus than the shape memory material at room temperature. Since the base layer  2  is highly rigid at room temperature, there is a risk of causing pain to the user when the base layer  2  is pressed by the user. Therefore, in this embodiment, the usability of the structure  1  is improved by covering the base layer  2  with the covering layer  3  formed of the soft material in the part of contact with the user 
     1-2. Manufacturing Method for Structure  1   
     The manufacturing method for the structure  1  is not particularly limited, and can be formed by a method such as injection molding or three-dimensional printer forming. In the case of the injection molding, the base layer  2  and the covering layer  3  can be integrally molded by two-color molding using the shape memory material and the soft material. Further, after either one of the base layer  2  and the covering layer  3  may be formed by the injection molding, the other layer may be formed by the three-dimensional printer forming. In addition, both base layer  2  and covering layer  3  may be formed by the three-dimensional printer forming. In the three-dimensional printer forming, since the structure  1  can be formed so that it has a shape set for each user, it is preferable to form at least one of the base layer  2  and the covering layer  3  by the three-dimensional printer forming. 
     In the three-dimensional printer forming, as shown in  FIGS. 2A to 2B , the linear structures  4  and  5  are formed by two-dimensional moving the linear resin formed by ejecting the molten resin from the head, and the formed body is formed by laminating the linear structures  4  and  5 . The resin may be supplied to the head in the form of filaments or pellets. In the latter case, even the soft materials that are difficult to form filaments can be made into the linear resin. 
     The linear structures  4  and  5  are formed by two-dimensional moving of the linear resins  4   b  and  5   b  so as to be a single stroke. The linear structure  4  is formed by moving the linear resin  4   b  mainly in the horizontal direction, and the linear structure  5  is formed by moving the linear resin  5   b  mainly in the vertical direction. By alternately laminating the linear structures  4  and  5 , the formed body  10  including grid patterns in a plan view is formed as shown in  FIG. 2C . 
     If the linear resin is made of the shape memory material, the base layer  2  is formed as the formed body  10 . On the other hand, if the linear resin is the soft material, the covering layer  3  is formed as the formed body  10 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 2A to 2C , each of the linear structures  4  and  5  has a plurality of grooves  4   a  and  5   a  extending parallel to one another. The groove  4   a  is formed by the linear resin  4   b  forming the linear structure  4  extending in parallel. The groove  5   a  is formed by the linear resin  5   b  forming the linear structure  5  extending in parallel. Further, the grooves  4   a  included in one of the two linear structures  4  and  5  adjacent to each other in the laminating direction intersects the groove  5   a  included in the other. In this embodiment, although the grooves  4   a  and  5   a  are orthogonal to each other, the grooves  4   a  and  5   a  may intersect at an angle other than a right angle. The formed body with such a structure is relatively lightweight because of including the internal space. In addition, when the formed body is the covering layer  3 , the covering layer  3  is easily transformed because there is a space inside the covering layer  3 , as a result, the cushioning of the covering layer  3  is improved. 
     The physical properties of the formed body can be changed as appropriate by changing the two-dimensional shape of the linear structures  4  and  5  and the diameter and the density (number of pieces per unit area) of the linear resins  4   b  and  5   b  forming the linear structures  4  and  5 . For example, for the covering layer  3 , the covering layer  3  can be formed more flexible by reducing the diameter of the linear resins  4   b  and  5   b  and reducing the density of the linear resins  4   b  and  5   b.  In addition, as shown in  FIGS. 2A to 2B , although the densities and the patterns of the linear resins  4   b  and  5   b  are uniform throughout the linear structures  4  and  5 , the physical properties of the formed body can be changed by partially changing the densities and patterns of the linear resins  4   b  and  5   b.  Therefore, when the base layer  2  and the covering layer  3  are formed by the three-dimensional printer forming, it is possible to appropriately change the physical properties of the structure  1  according to the user&#39;s requests. 
     When both the base layer  2  and the covering layer  3  are formed by the three-dimensional printer forming, the base layer  2  may be formed in first, and the covering layer  3  may be formed using the base layer  2  as a base. Also, the covering layer  3  may be formed in first, and the base layer  2  may be formed using the covering layer  3  as a base. As shown in examples of the embodiment described later, the former is preferable because bonding strength between the base layer  2  and the covering layer  3  is improved. 
     By the way, when the base layer  2  is formed using the covering layer  3  as a base, the bonding strength between the base layer  2  and the covering layer  3  can be improved by raising the temperature of the linear resin when forming the base layer  2 . On the other hand, since the shape memory material may deteriorate easily at high temperatures, it is desirable that the temperature of the linear resin when forming the base layer  2  be as low as possible. Therefore, by making the temperature of the linear resin when forming the bottom layer of the base layer  2  higher than the average temperature of the linear resin when forming the remaining layers of base layer  2 , deterioration of the shape memory material can be suppressed while improving bonding strength. 
     2. Second Embodiment of Fourth Viewpoint 
     The second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to  FIG. 12 . This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, the main difference is that it includes a skin material  7 . Hereinafter, the differences will be mainly described. 
     The skin material  7  is formed on the covering layer  3 . The skin material  7  is formed of non-woven fabric and the like. The skin material  7  may be attached to the covering layer  3  after forming a structure in which the base layer  2  and the covering layer  3  are laminated, and the coating layer  3  and the base layer  2  may be formed on the skin material  7  as a base by using the three-dimensional printer forming in this order. The latter case is preferable because there is no need to attach the skin material  7 , and bonding strength between the skin material  7  and covering layer  3  becomes higher. 
     EXAMPLES 
     The structure  1  is manufactured by using the three-dimensional printer forming using the shape memory material and the soft material. A shape memory polymer made of polyurethane (manufactured by SMP Technologies, grade name: MM5520, optimum modeling temperature: 215 degrees Celsius, Tg: 55 degrees Celsius) is used as the shape memory material forming the base layer  2 . A styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer (manufactured by Kuraray, grade name: Arneston JS20N, optimum forming temperature: 238 degrees Celsius) is used as a soft material for forming the covering layer  3 . A PET non-woven fabric is used as an skin material  7 . The “forming temperature” in the following explanation is the set temperature of the head that ejects the linear resin during forming. 
     3-1. Example 1 
     The base layer  2  is formed at a forming temperature of 215 degrees Celsius, and the covering layer  3  is formed at the forming temperature of 238 degrees Celsius using the base layer  2  as a base. The bond strength between the base layer  2  and the covering layer  3  is strong. 
     3-2. Example 2 
     The covering layer  3  is formed at a forming temperature of 238 degrees Celsius using the skin material  7  as a base, and the base layer  2  is formed at a forming temperature of 215 degrees Celsius using the covering layer  3  as a base. The bond strength between the skin material  7  and the covering layer  3  is strong. The bond strength between the covering layer  3  and the base layer  2  is weak. 
     3-3. Example 3 
     The covering layer  3  is formed at a forming temperature of 238 degrees Celsius using the skin material  7  as a base, and the base layer  2  is formed using the covering layer  3  as a base. The forming temperature when forming the bottom layer of the base layer  2  is set to 238 degrees Celsius, and the forming temperature when forming the remaining layers is set to 215 degrees Celsius. The bond strength between the skin material  7  and the covering layer  3  and the bond strength between the covering layer  3  and the base layer  2  are both strong. 
     DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE SIGNS 
       1 : structure 
       2 : base layer 
       3 : covering layer 
       3   a : hole 
       4 : linear structure 
       4   a : groove 
       4   b : linear resin 
       4   c : linear part 
       5 : linear structure 
       5   a : groove 
       5   c : linear part 
       5   d : end part 
       5   e : transition part 
       6 : impregnated layer 
       7 : skin material 
       10 : formed body 
       10 B: formed body 
       11 : head 
       11 A: resin supply mechanism 
       11 A 1 : gear mechanism 
       11 B: heater 
       12 : nozzle 
       14 : wire material 
       15 : head drive unit 
       20 : frame 
       21 : first guide part 
       22 : second guide part 
       30 : table drive unit 
       31 : forming table 
       50 : three-dimensional modeling equipment 
     Bd: linear structure 
     Cnt: control device 
     D 1 : first direction 
     D 2 : second direction 
     Dp: pushing amount 
     P 1 : coordinate 
     P 2 : coordinate 
     Pt 1 : pitch 
     Pt 2 : pitch 
     Rg 1 : first elastic region 
     Rg 2 : second elastic region 
     Rs: linear resin 
     Se 1 : pressure measurement unit 
     Se 2 : external shape scanning unit 
     Tg: glass-transition temperature 
     U 1 : calculation unit 
     U 2 : motion control part 
     U 3 : memory