Patent Publication Number: US-2022240344-A1

Title: Physical Location Management for Voice Over Packet Communication

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/723,387, filed Dec. 20, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/052,201, filed Aug. 1, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,517,140, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/589,797, filed May 8, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,070,466, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/732,229, filed Jun. 5, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,648,644, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/641,203, filed Mar. 6, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,055,550, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/224,785, filed Mar. 25, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,036,626, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/012,959, filed on Jan. 25, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,724,522, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/924,485 filed on Aug. 24, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,940,746. The entire contents of all of these priority applications are herein incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to methods and systems for locating a device connected to a network, such as to locate a Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) device. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) or Internet Protocol (IP) Telephony is a technology that allows a user to make a telephone call over the Internet or a dedicated network in IP packets, instead of over dedicated voice transmission lines. 
     With a VoIP service, it is possible for a user to move their VoIP phone to virtually any IP network and have the ability to make and receive calls at their home phone number, which is commonly referred to as a personal telephone number (TN). This is, in fact, one of the benefits of VoIP service, whereby for example a user can take their VoIP phone with them to a hotel with broadband Internet service and have their home phone ring in their hotel room. By contrast, traditional telephone service is tied to a specific location by nature of the circuit-based telephone network. 
     The problem with this new capability of VoIP, however, is that the traditional approach utilized by emergency services personnel to locate an individual in the event of an emergency 911 call no longer works reliably in VoIP systems. For example, a VoIP customer&#39;s location is recorded as their billing address and all calls originating from the customer&#39;s VoIP phone are assumed to be originating from the home address of the customer. If the customer takes the VoIP phone to a second location, such as a shore vacation home for the weekend, and a life-threatening medical emergency prompts the customer to dial 911, then the 911 call would be routed to the Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) in the area of the customer&#39;s billing address, not their current address at the shore vacation residence. 
     Some VoIP service providers have attempted to solve this by routing 911 calls on their VoIP network to an intermediate dispatch center that determines which PSAP to route the call to. The intermediate dispatch center includes an operator for answering the emergency 911 call. The operator interrogates the caller to determine their location and then routes the call to the PSAP in the location of the caller. However, this approach can add extra time to the emergency response that can be critical to safety. Moreover, it is a labor intensive and relatively expensive for the service provider to maintain. 
     SUMMARY 
     Features described herein provide a method and system for determining a physical location of a device, such as a voice over packet (VoP) device, for communications, such as voice communications, that involve an access point. 
     In some embodiments, a profile, such as a user profile, may associate a plurality of physical locations with various access points. A voice over packet (VoP) device may connect to one of the access points to engage in voice communications via the access point, and the profile may be used to determine a physical location to be associated with the VoP device for purposes of the voice communications via the access point. 
     In some embodiments, the user may be prompted to confirm that the user is located at the determined physical location, and the user may also provide an updated physical location. In some embodiments, the updated physical location may comprise spoken address information, and speech-to-text conversion may be used. In some embodiments, an entered physical location may be denied in case of error. 
     In some embodiments, the physical locations may be street addresses. The access point may be identified by a network address, or by a nickname. 
     This Summary merely provides non-limiting examples of features that may be described and/or claimed herein. The Summary is not an exhaustive listing of all claim features, and should not serve to limit any of the claims of this patent. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a network system in accordance with one aspect of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a flowchart of a method for determining a location of a device connected to a network in accordance with one aspect of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S) 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a network system  10  in accordance with one aspect of the present invention. The network system  10  generally includes a first access point  14 , a second access point  16 , and a network  20  such that data and signals communicated over the network  20  are accessible by connected a network device  24  to one of the access points  14  and  16 . 
     The network device  24  can be any type of computer or other item that is capable of network communications, such as computers, servers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and the like. In particular, the present invention contemplates that the network device  24  is a Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) device that is configured to make VoIP telephone calls over the network  20 . In support thereof, the system  10  further includes a VoIP unit  26 , a VoIP emergency location application (VELA) or processing unit  28 , and a Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP)  30 . 
     The VoIP device  24  can relate to any device that is capable of making VoIP calls. Such devices can include a number of features, including a telephone with an analog terminal adapter (ATA), a software-based Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a stand-alone or embedded Message Transfer Agent (MTA) device, a videophone (whether hardware-based or software-based), a wireless phone (generally cellular phones), a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) with VoIP software, and the like. Preferably, the VoIP device  24  includes a unique personal telephone number that allows the device  24  to receive VoIP telephone calls anytime that it is connected to the network  20 . 
     The first and second access points  14  and  16  are nodes or other features that are configured to connect the network device  24  to the network  20 . The system  10  shown in  FIG. 1  only indicates two access points  14  and  16 , but it is contemplated that the system  10  may include any number of access points in any number of geographical areas. Preferably, a network address, such as an IP address, is associated with each access point to identify its location on the network  20 . 
     The network  20  generally relates to any configuration that permits network communication and VoIP calls, such as through the exchange or transfer of electronic signals and packets over private IP networks, the Internet, or public switching telephone network (PSTN). It can include servers, databases, softswitches, and the like which function to enable, route, and/or control voice, video, and text-based communications and can include items generally described as VoIP softswitches, PacketCable Call Management Servers (CMS), VoIP call servers, IP Public Branch Exchanges (PBXs), SIP Proxy servers, SIP Registrar servers, SIP switches, and the like. 
     The PSAP  30  generally relates to a dispatch office that routes incoming 911 calls, or directly dispatches a public service department, such as a fire, police, or other emergency department. Preferably, the PSAP can receive calls over a PSTN and electronically over the Internet or other IP networks, or through other communications means, such as satellite or other wireless communication. In particular, the PSAP may be an enhanced 911 (E911) dispatch center that is capable of exchanging signals through IP-network-based applications, such as instant messaging clients, real-time communication tools (text, audio, and/or video-based), and other non-telephone clients. 
     The VELA  28  is configured in accordance with the present invention to communicate with the network  20  and to determine the location of a user on the network  20  based on a location of the network device  24 , such as by determining whether the network device  24  is at the first access point  14  or the second access point  16 . This can be advantageous for locating the user in the event of an emergency, such as when the user makes an emergency 911 call using a VoIP device from one of the access points  14  and  16 . 
     The VELA  28  preferably includes an interface  36  that is configured for exchanging signals and packets with the network  20 , such as for communicating with the VoIP device  24  and/or the PSAP  30  by exchanging signals and packets over the network to one or more of the access points  14  and  16 . Preferably, the interface  36  includes an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) unit, Text to Speech (TTS), and/or a Speech to Text (STT) unit, which enables the interface  36  to convert speech received by the interface to electronic signals and to similarly output electronic signals to speech, such as to communicate with the user through the VoIP device  24 . In particular, the interface  36  is able to output and receive voice and touch-tone signals to and from the VoIP device  24  so that the VELA  28  can communicate verbally with the user through a dialogue and record the responses of the user thereto. 
     The VELA  28  can be configured to route calls to the PSAP  30  via the PSTN using legacy methods of call networking/termination, to route calls via the public Internet or private Internet Protocol (IP) peering point, and to route calls to multiple interfaces of the PSAP  30 , such as a primary interface preference and one or more secondary interfaces, based upon the PSAP&#39;s capabilities and preferences or the service provider&#39;s preferences. In addition, the VELA  28  can contact the secondary interface if the primary interface is not reachable for some reason, such as network congestion, network failure, etc. 
     The VELA  28  preferably includes a processor  38  and a memory  40  for controlling operation of the interface  36  and for executing other applications and strategies, which preferably includes a 911 call routing/query response application for transferring 911 calls from the access point to the PSAP associated with a location of the user, as described below in more detail. The VELA  28  can include other optional features, such as a web interface application configured to enable user location configuration, selection, and/or confirmation, and a video/graphic interface application configured to enable user location configuration, selection, and/or confirmation via a textual or graphical interface on a particular type of device (cellular phone screen, video phone screen, etc.). 
     The VELA  28  can optionally detect the type of network device  24  based upon information derived from its connection to the network  20 . When one of these devices with graphical capabilities is used, the VELA  28  can be configured to, instead of initiating an out-dial, initiate a multimedia message to the user&#39;s device or present that device with a graphical interface. The user can respond to that message by pressing buttons on their device, clicking on the interface, or otherwise interacting with the graphical user interface or multimedia message. This interface may take several forms in the future but may be HTML-based, XML-based, or VoiceXML-based using today&#39;s technologies. 
     The VoIP unit  26  is a processing unit configured to permit and/or control VoIP communications. It can include any number of features, including memory and processors (not shown) that communicate with the network  20  for executing a VoIP application, such as a VoIP telephone call. In general, the system is configured to route calls to the VoIP device  24  based on the telephone number assigned to it so that a user can receive calls on the telephony device at any access point  14  and  16  on the network  20  that is in communication with the VoIP unit  26 . 
     The system  10  shown in  FIG. 1  is only provided for exemplary purposes and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Rather, the present invention contemplates that the system  10  may include more or less features than those shown in  FIG. 1 . In particular, the VoIP device  24  and each of the access points  14  and  16  are illustrated as separate items, however, the present invention contemplates that an access point may be integrated into the VoIP device  24  and, in addition, that these two items may be further integrated into a fixed or portable communications and/or computing device. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a flowchart  50  of a method for locating the network device (VoIP device) when it is connected to a network. The method is advantageous in locating the user in the event of an emergency 911 call from the network device  24  and for routing the emergency 911 call to the PSAP  30  associated with the location of the user. 
     Block  54  relates to provisioning a user for operation with the VELA. The provisioning can include any number of features, and generally comprises creating and storing a user profile in the database of the VELA. The user profile can be created by an operator inputting the user&#39;s information into the VELA, by the user inputting the information themselves, such as through a graphical user interface (GUI) or web page, and/or automatically by querying the VoIP device when it is connected to the network, which is advantageous for determining the IP address and network hops associated with the access point to which the user connects the VoIP device, as it may be difficult for the user or operator to input this information. Optionally, block  54  can be skipped and the user profile can be created dynamically upon connecting the VoIP device to one of the access points. 
     The user profile preferably identifies the user with a telephone number and includes additional location information, such as a physical address (city, state, zip code, apartment number, etc.) and network address (IP address and network hops) for the access point from which the user intends to connect to the network for making VoIP telephone calls. The network address is associated with the physical address as the physical addresses are more unique than the network addresses. This is because the network addresses may not, by nature of them being shared across what may be a small or large area and one or many people, be at the same location as the user, or at least within a small enough area relative to the access point associated with the user that emergency personnel would be able to locate the user in an emergency. Network addresses may also be dynamically assigned, such that the same physical address will show up at different network addresses over time. The physical location indicates where the user is located when connecting to the access point associated with the current network address so that the user can be located in the event of an emergency 911 call. 
     Multiple entries can be made in the user profile if the user intends to use the VoIP device at multiple locations on the network. Preferably, a nickname or another unique identifier is provided if the user profile includes multiple residences or locations for the user so that each location can be easily distinguished. For example, the user may intend to use the VoIP device at home, at a beach vacation home, and at work. In which case, the user profile is provisioned with physical and network address for each of the locations. 
     Block  58  relates to connecting the VoIP device to the network, such as if the user intends to make a call or if the user is merely connecting the device to the network to receive calls, which may occur in the act of turning on or plugging in a device. Upon connecting to the network or in response to a message from the VELA, the VoIP device sends a message to the VELA that includes the telephone number assigned with the VoIP device. The VELA analyzes the message to determine the IP address of the access point to which the VoIP device is connected and to determine any network hops between the access point and the VELA, such as by tracerouting the IP address to determine the network hops. This information is then stored in the memory of the VELA for use in determining a location of the user. Depending upon the results of this transaction, the user may be queried by the VELA to confirm his/her correct physical location, select from a list of locations which may or may not be sorted based upon the VELA&#39;s best estimate of the location, or choose to configure a new location in the VELA. 
     Block  62  relates to determining a current location for the user based on the telephone number and network address determined in block  58 . Initially, the VELA uses the telephone number to search the database for a user profile that includes the same telephone number, i.e. to match a user profile with the telephone number. Once the user profile is located, the VELA compares the network address determined in block  58  with the network addresses in the user profile. If one of the network addresses matches, the VELA pulls the associated physical address and controls the interface to contact the user, such as through an out-going call or other message to the user and/or their telephony device. The user is then asked whether the physical address corresponds with the current location of the user. If the user to determine their location. The location is denied, for example, if there is an error during the inputting of the physical location to the user profile, if the user intends to be at a different location but maintains the use of the same access point, and if the user failed to provide a physical address in the user profile. In response to the denial, the VELA interrogates the user further to determine the physical address that they desire to associate with the network address. This information is then stored in the user profile so that it is available the next time the user connects to the network and the current location of the user is noted. 
     If none of the network addresses in the user profile match the network address determined in block  58 , then the user is in an unknown or new location. In which case, the VELA controls the interface to contact the user, such as through an out-going call or message, to create an entry for the unknown network ID. The entry is similar to those described above, in that the user is questioned by the VELA to determine a physical address and nickname for association with the unknown network address. Once the entry is complete, the physical address associated with the new entry is added to the user&#39;s profile and noted as the current location of the user. 
     The dialogue to determine the location of the user, as described above, can take any number of forms. For example, the VELA can be configured to provide the following sequential dialogue: 
     1. This is the 911 Service Application calling. We were unable to automatically determine your location. Please tell us where your phone is connected so that we can connect your call appropriately in case you have an emergency.
         a. Press 1 now if you are calling from “Home.”   i. 1 pressed, You are calling from “Home.”   ii. If this is incorrect, press # to go back to the main menu.   iii. If this is correct, press 1 now or hangup.   i. 1 pressed, You are calling from “Home.”   ii. If this is incorrect, press # to go back to the main menu.   iii. If this is correct, press 1 now or hangup.   iv. If the address of this location has changed, press 2 now to record the new address.   b. Press 2 now if you are calling from “Beach House.”   i. 2 pressed, You are calling from “Beach House.”   ii. If this is incorrect, press # to go back to the main menu.   iii. If this is correct, press 1 now or hangup.   iv. If the address of this location has changed, press 2 now to record the new address. (Speech to Text engine invoked.)   c. Press 3 now if you are calling from “Work.”   i. 3 pressed, You are calling from “Work.”   ii. If this is incorrect, press # to go back to the main menu.   iii. If this is correct, press 1 now or hangup.   iv. If the address of this location has changed, press 2 now to record the new address.   d. Press 4 now if you are calling from a new location.   i. We need a nickname for this location, such as “Home” or “Beach House.” Please speak the nickname of your location now.   ii. We need a house number for this location. Please speak the number now or use your keypad.   iii. We need a street for this location. Please speak the street now.   iv. We need a city for this location. Please speak the city now.   v. We need a State for this location. Please speak the State now.   vi. We need a ZIP Code for this location. Please speak the ZIP Code now or use your keypad. (The ZIP Code could be used to avoid having to ask for the city and state, if desired.)       

     The VELA can also be configured with a location matching application (LMA) to facilitate locating the user. In general, the LMA is a process of matching network address determined upon connection of the VoIP device to the network addresses in the user profile when the network addresses fails to exactly match, such as if the user is at the same physical location but using a different access point or an access point the utilizes multiple network address. The VELA utilizes the LMA to predictively attempt to match the network address (location of the user) by executing the following logical operations: 
     1. Does the current network address detected match a network address in the user profile? If so, match the current network address to the corresponding network address in the user profile and dialogue with the user to determine that the physical address associated therewith corresponds with the current location of the user, if not, proceed to next step. 
     2. VELA performs a traceroute on the current network address and records every hop in the traceroute. Does the first hop of the traceroute match any of the hops (first or otherwise) for the other network addresses in the user profile. If so, match the current network address to the corresponding network address in the user profile and dialogue with the user to determine the physical address associated therewith corresponds with the current location of the user, if not, proceed to next step. 
     3. Does the second hop of the traceroute match any of the hops in the Location Database for the user. If so, match the current network address to the corresponding network address in the user profile and dialogue with the user to determine the physical address associated therewith corresponds with the current location of the user, if not, proceed to next step with the remainder of the hops recorded by the trace route. 
     As described above, the LMA utilizes intermediate network hops for the current network address of the user to locate the physical address of the user. This can be advantageous to narrow down a geographical area in which the user is located. For example, the physical address of the user can be approximated by the intermediate network hops if they match with any of the intermediate network hops in the user profile. 
     Block  66  relates to the user making an emergency 911 call. The emergency call is recognized by the VELA and routed to the appropriate PSAP based upon the location of the user determined in block  62 . Each time the user connects their VoIP device to another access point, the process above is repeated to determine the location of the user. As such, anytime the user makes an emergency 911 call the VELA is able to locate the user and route the call to the appropriate PSAP. Preferably, the VELA includes logic or memory maps that facilitate locating the appropriate PSAP. For example, the VELA may include a database of PSAPs that are associated with either the physical address or the network address in the various user profiles. 
     When a user dials 911, the softswitch routes the call to the VELA, which routes the call to the appropriate PSAP (see PSAP Interface Technical Options below), based upon the user&#39;s current location. No call to an intermediate dispatch center is needed. Alternatively, the softswitch could perform a query to the VELA to obtain the current PSAP for the VoIP user&#39;s TN, passing this information back to the softswitch and enabling the softswitch to complete the call itself. 
     While embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it is not intended that these embodiments illustrate and describe all possible forms of the invention. Rather, the words used in the specification are words of description rather than limitation, and it is understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.