Patent Publication Number: US-11647890-B2

Title: Solid-state image pickup element, electronic equipment, and semiconductor apparatus

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is a continuous application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/482,435, filed on Jul. 31, 2019, which is a national stage entry of PCT application No. PCT/JP2018/005651, filed on Feb. 19, 2018, which claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. JP 2017-040131 filed in the Japan Patent Office on Mar. 3, 2017. Each of the above-referenced applications is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present technology relates to a solid-state image pickup element, electronic equipment, and a semiconductor apparatus. More particularly, the present technology relates to a solid-state image pickup element, electronic equipment, and a semiconductor apparatus that make it possible to reduce a surface reflection in an area in which a slit is formed and improve flare characteristics. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     When flip-chip mounting is performed on a substrate via a solder bump, a method for injecting a resin called an underfill resin between a substrate and a chip to be filled therewith and then curing the filled resin has been taken as means of improving connection reliability. 
     In PTL 1, the present applicant proposes a structure in which a slit (groove) that blocks an outflow of an underfill resin is formed around an area in which a chip is mounted on a substrate. 
     CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
     [PTL 1]
     WO 2016/039173   

     SUMMARY 
     Technical Problem 
     However, in a structure proposed in PTL 1, an area in which a slit is formed has a flat surface, and therefore, a surface reflection from the flat surface is strong, causing flare to be generated. 
     The present technology has been made in view of such a situation as described above, and it is an object of the present technology to make it possible to reduce a surface reflection in an area in which a slit is formed and improve flare characteristics. 
     Solution to Problem 
     A solid-state image pickup element according to a first aspect of the present technology includes a pixel area in which a plurality of pixels is two-dimensionally arranged in a matrix, a chip mounting area in which a chip is flip-chip mounted, and a dam area that is arranged around the chip mounting area and in which one or more slits that block an outflow of a resin are formed, in which in the dam area, the same OCL as that in the pixel area is formed. 
     Electronic equipment according to a second aspect of the present technology includes a solid-state image pickup element having a pixel area in which a plurality of pixels is two-dimensionally arranged in a matrix, a chip mounting area in which a chip is flip-chip mounted, and a dam area that is arranged around the chip mounting area and in which one or more slits that block an outflow of a resin are formed, and in the dam area, the same OCL as that in the pixel area is formed. 
     In the first and the second aspects of the present technology, a pixel area in which a plurality of pixels is two-dimensionally arranged in a matrix, a chip mounting area in which a chip is flip-chip mounted, and a dam area that is arranged around the chip mounting area and in which one or more slits that block an outflow of a resin are formed, are provided, in which, in the dam area, the same OCL as that in the pixel area is formed. 
     A semiconductor apparatus according to a third aspect of the present technology includes an OCL area in which an OCL is formed in a matrix, a chip mounting area in which a chip is flip-chip mounted, and a dam area that is arranged around the chip mounting area and in which one or more slits that block an outflow of a resin are formed, in which, in the dam area, the same OCL as that in the OCL area is formed. 
     In the third aspect of the present technology, there are provided an OCL area in which an OCL is formed in a matrix, a chip mounting area in which a chip is flip-chip mounted, and a dam area that is arranged around the chip mounting area and in which one or more slits that block an outflow of a resin are formed, in which, in the dam area, the same OCL as that in the OCL area is formed. 
     The solid-state image pickup element, the electronic equipment, and the semiconductor apparatus may be independent apparatuses or modules incorporated into other apparatuses. 
     Advantageous Effects of Invention 
     According to the first to the third aspects of the present technology, it is possible to reduce a surface reflection in an area in which a slit is formed and improve flare characteristics. 
     In addition, advantageous effects disclosed herein are not necessarily limited thereto and may be any effects disclosed in the present disclosure. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a plan view of a solid-state image pickup element to which the present technology is applied. 
         FIG.  2    is a cross-sectional view of the solid-state image pickup element according to a first embodiment. 
         FIG.  3    is a cross-sectional view of a vicinity of a slit area depicted in  FIG.  2   . 
         FIG.  4    is a cross-sectional view of the solid-state image pickup element according to a second embodiment. 
         FIG.  5    is a cross-sectional view depicting an example of a low reflection projection that is formed on a bottom surface of a slit. 
         FIG.  6    is a cross-sectional view according to a variation example of the first embodiment. 
         FIG.  7    is a cross-sectional view according to a variation example of the second embodiment. 
         FIG.  8    is a flowchart describing a method for manufacturing a solid-state image pickup element. 
         FIG.  9    is a block diagram depicting a configuration example of an image pickup apparatus functioning as electronic equipment to which the present technology is applied. 
         FIG.  10    is a diagram depicting a usage example of an image sensor. 
         FIG.  11    is a block diagram depicting an example of a schematic configuration of an in-vivo information acquisition system. 
         FIG.  12    is a view depicting an example of a schematic configuration of an endoscopic surgery system. 
         FIG.  13    is a block diagram depicting an example of a functional configuration of a camera head and a camera control unit (CCU). 
         FIG.  14    is a block diagram depicting an example of a schematic configuration of a vehicle control system. 
         FIG.  15    is a diagram of assistance in explaining an example of installation positions of an outside-vehicle information detecting unit and an imaging section. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Hereinafter, modes for carrying out the present technology (hereinafter, referred to as embodiments) will be described. In addition, a description is made in the following order. 
     1. Plan View of Solid-State Image Pickup Element 
     2. Cross-Sectional View of First Embodiment 
     3. Cross-Sectional View of Second Embodiment 
     4. Variation Example 
     5. Manufacturing Method 
     6. Application Example to Electronic Equipment 
     7. Usage Example of Image Sensor 
     8. Application Example to In-Vivo Information Acquisition System 
     9. Application Example to Endoscopic Surgery System 
     10. Application Example to Mobile Body 
     1. Plan View of Solid-State Image Pickup Element 
       FIG.  1    is a plan view of a solid-state image pickup element to which the present technology is applied. 
     A solid-state image pickup element  1  depicted in  FIG.  1    includes a pixel area  11  in which a plurality of pixels each having a photoelectric conversion unit that generates and accumulates an optical charge depending on an amount of received light is two-dimensionally arranged in a matrix in the row direction and in the column direction, a chip mounting area  12  in which a chip  61  ( FIG.  2   ) in which a circuit for performing predetermined signal processing is formed is flip-chip mounted, and a dam area  13  that is arranged around the chip mounting area  12  on a semiconductor substrate  10  using silicon (Si), for example, as a semiconductor. An area depicted by oblique lines depicted in  FIG.  1    is the dam area  13 . In the dam area  13 , a plurality of slits  21  that is grooves that block an outflow of a resin is formed (in an example depicted in  FIG.  1   , two slits  21  are formed). The slit  21  that blocks an outflow of the resin is also referred to as a dam. 
     A plurality of electrode pads  22  is formed at an outer peripheral part of the solid-state image pickup element  1 . The electrode pad  22  is used for a contact of a probe or wire bonding in an inspection step. 
     2. Cross-Sectional View of First Embodiment 
       FIG.  2    is a cross-sectional view of the solid-state image pickup element  1  according to a first embodiment. 
       FIG.  2    is a cross-sectional view including respective ends of the pixel area  11  and the chip mounting area  12 , and the dam area  13  therebetween. 
     In the pixel area  11 , a photodiode (not depicted) functioning as a photoelectric conversion unit is formed in a pixel unit within the semiconductor substrate  10 . Also, an OCL (on chip lens)  41  is formed in the pixel unit on an upper side of the semiconductor substrate  10 . Over an upper surface of the OCL  41 , for example, an antireflection film (low reflection film)  42  using an LTO (Low Temperature Oxide) film is formed. In addition, a color filter layer  43  passing light of a predetermined wavelength such as R (red), G (green), or B (blue) is formed between the OCL  41  and the semiconductor substrate  10 . 
     The OCL  41  is formed by silicon nitride (SiN), or a resin material such as a styrene resin, an acrylic resin, a styrene-acrylic copolymer resin, or a siloxane resin, for example. Further, the antireflection film  42  may be formed using a material such as silicon nitride (SiN), hafnium oxide (HfO 2 ), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ), tantalum oxide (Ta 2 O 5 ), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), lanthanum oxide (LA 2 O 3 ), praseodymium oxide (Pr 2 O 3 ), cerium oxide (CeO 2 ), neodymium oxide (Nd 2 O 3 ), promethium oxide (Pm 2 O 3 ), samarium oxide (Sm 2 O 3 ), europium oxide (Eu 2 O 3 ), gadolinium oxide (Gd 2 O 3 ), terbium oxide (Tb 2 O 3 ), dysprosium oxide (Dy 2 O 3 ), holmium oxide (Ho 2 O 3 ), thulium oxide (Tm 2 O 3 ), ytterbium oxide (Yb 2 O 3 ), lutetium oxide (Lu 2 O 3 ), yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ), or the like. 
     In the chip mounting area  12 , the chip  61  is flip-chip mounted on the semiconductor substrate  10 . Specifically, an electrode part  62  of the chip  61  and an electrode part  62  of the semiconductor substrate  10  are electrically connected via a solder bump  64 . 
     Into a clearance other than the solder bump  64  between the chip  61  and the semiconductor substrate  10 , an underfill resin  65  is filled. The underfill resin  65  includes, for example, a UV (ultraviolet) curable resin, a thermal curable resin, or the like. Further, the underfill resin  65  is injected into the clearance between the chip  61  and the semiconductor substrate  10  and then is cured. 
     An upper surface and side surfaces of the chip  61  and the underfill resin  65  around the chip  61  are covered with a light-shielding resin  66  including a black resin etc. having a light-shielding effect. The light-shielding resin  66  also includes a UV (ultraviolet) curable resin, a thermal curable resin, or the like. Further, the light-shielding resin  66  is coated by a dispenser and then is cured. 
     Meanwhile, the color filter layer  43  and OCLs  41  formed in the pixel area  11  are disposed in an extended manner and formed in the dam area  13 . In an example depicted in  FIG.  2   , the pixel area  11  and the dam area  13  are separated from each other by a distance corresponding to four pixels. Further, the OCL  41 , the antireflection film  42 , and the color filter layer  43  are formed even in an area between the pixel area  11  and the dam area  13 . The area between the pixel area  11  and the dam area  13  may be omitted or considered as a portion of the dam area  13 . 
     A plurality of slits  21  is formed in the dam area  13 . In  FIG.  2   , an example in which five slits  21 A to  21 E are formed in the dam area  13  is depicted; however, the number of the slits  21  is not particularly limited thereto when it is equal to or more than two. 
     In the example depicted in  FIG.  2   , three slits  21 A to  21 C close to the pixel area  11  are slits that block an outflow of the light-shielding resin  66  to the pixel area  11  and electrode pads  22 . Further, two slits  21 D and  21 E close to the chip mounting area  12  are slits that block an outflow of the underfill resin  65  to the pixel area  11  and electrode pads  22 . Accordingly, the dam area  13  at least includes a light-shielding resin dam area  71  in which the slits  21  that block an outflow of the light-shielding resin  66  to the pixel area  11  and electrode pads  22  are formed and a UF (underfill) dam area  72  in which the slits  21  that block an outflow of the underfill resin  65  to the pixel area  11  and electrode pads  22  are formed. 
     A width SL_W of the slit  21  is, for example, formed approximately in 2 to 10 μm. A depth SL_D of the slit  21  depends on a height OCL_H of the OCL  41 . When the height OCL_H of the OCL  41  is set to approximately 1.5 to 3.0 μm, for example, the depth SL_D of the slit  21  requires approximately 1.0 μm. 
     The example depicted in  FIG.  2    is an example in the case in which the slits  21  are manufactured by a manufacturing method for forming the slit  21  after the OCLs  41  and the antireflection films  42  are formed. Therefore, the antireflection film  42  is not formed on an inner peripheral surface of the slit  21 . However, after the OCLs  41  and the slits  21  are formed, the antireflection films  42  may be formed. In the case, the antireflection film  42  can be formed also over the inner peripheral surface (side surfaces and a bottom surface) of the slit  21 . 
     As depicted in  FIG.  3   , a plane size of a slit area  81  that is an area in which the slit  21  is formed can be formed, for example, by a size corresponding to two pixels or three pixels of the pixel area  11 , in other words, by a plane size that is an integral multiple of that of the OCL  41 . Note that, as a matter of course, the plane size of the slit area  81  is not limited to an integral multiple of that of the OCL  41  but may be formed by an arbitrary size. 
     Further, as depicted in  FIG.  3   , the slit area  81  needs to be formed such that a distance  82  from an outer peripheral surface (each end surface) of the slit area  81  to the slit  21  is a distance equal to or more than a sum (R+ΔSL) of a radius R of the OCL  41  in the pixel area  11  and a formation position error ΔSL in a plane direction when the slit is formed. Thereby, an angle θ formed between a vertical plane of the slit  21  and a top portion of an OCL material becomes an angle close to 90 degrees. Therefore, a function of a dam that blocks the underfill resin  65  or the light-shielding resin  66  is enhanced. Note that, when the distance  82  is increased excessively, a flat area of the OCL material is enlarged, and therefore, optimization of process conditions and a layout is required. 
     In the foregoing description, as described with reference to  FIGS.  2  and  3   , according to the first embodiment, the OCLs similar to the OCLs  41  in the pixel area  11  are disposed in an extended manner and formed in the dam area  13  around the chip mounting area  12 , and as a result a flat area is eliminated. Accordingly, a surface reflection can be reduced, and flare characteristics can be improved. 
     Further, an upper surface and side surfaces of the chip  61  that is flip-chip mounted and the underfill resin  65  are covered with the light-shielding resin  66 . Therefore, the flare characteristics can be further improved. 
     A plurality of slits  21  that blocks an outflow of resins is formed in the dam area  13 . Accordingly, the slits  21  can block an outflow of the underfill resin  65  and the light-shielding resin  66  to the pixel area  11  and electrode pads  22 . 
     3. Cross-Sectional View of Second Embodiment 
       FIG.  4    is a cross-sectional view according to a second embodiment of the solid-state image pickup element  1 . 
       FIG.  4    is a view corresponding to the cross-sectional view depicted in  FIG.  2    according to the first embodiment. Same reference symbols are given to components common to those in the first embodiment, and descriptions thereof are appropriately omitted. 
     In the second embodiment, the same OCLs  41  as the OCLs  41  in the pixel area  11  are formed, as a low reflection projection, on bottom surfaces of slits  21 F and  21 G that are formed in the slit areas  81  of the dam area  13 . In an example depicted in  FIG.  4   , an example in which two OCLs  41  are formed on the bottom surfaces of the slits  21 F and  21 G is depicted. Further, the number of the OCLs  41  that are formed on the bottom surfaces of the slits  21 F and  21 G is arbitrary. In addition, the antireflection films  42  are also formed over the upper surfaces of the OCLs  41  that are formed on the bottom surfaces of the slits  21 F and  21 G. 
     Thus, one or more of the same OCLs as the OCLs  41  formed in the pixel area  11  can be formed, as the low reflection projection, on the bottom surfaces of the slits  21  that are formed in the dam area  13 . 
     Alternatively, one or more OCLs different from the OCLs  41  that are formed in the pixel area  11 , for example, OCLs having a size smaller than that of the OCL  41  may be formed. 
     Alternatively, a low reflection projection  91  having a shape different from that of the OCL  41  that is formed in the pixel area  11 , for example, the low reflection projection  91  having a shape of a triangular pyramid or a quadrangular pyramid as depicted in  FIG.  5    may be formed. The antireflection film  42  is also formed over an upper surface of the low reflection projection  91 . 
     As described above, according to the second embodiment, the OCLs  41  similar to those in the pixel area  11  are disposed in an extended manner and formed in the dam area  13  around the chip mounting area  12 , and a flat area is eliminated. Accordingly, the surface reflection can be reduced and the flare characteristics can be improved. 
     In addition, the upper surface and side surfaces of the chip  61  and the underfill resin  65  are covered with the light-shielding resin  66 , and therefore, the flare characteristics can be further improved. 
     A plurality of slits  21  that block an outflow of resins are formed in the dam area  13 . Therefore, the outflow of the underfill resin  65  and the light-shielding resin  66  to the pixel area  11  and electrode pads  22  can be blocked. 
     Further, the same OCLs as the OCLs  41  in the pixel area  11 , or the like, are formed as the low reflection projection on the bottom surfaces of one or more of the slits  21  that are formed in the dam area  13 . Accordingly, the flare characteristics can be improved. 
     4. Variation Example 
     Variation examples of the first and the second embodiments will be described. 
       FIG.  6    is a cross-sectional view depicting a variation example of the first embodiment, and  FIG.  7    is a cross-sectional view depicting a variation example of the second embodiment. 
     In the variation examples depicted in  FIGS.  6  and  7   , a shape of an OCL in the UF dam area  72  is changed from that according to the first and the second embodiments. 
     Specifically, in the UF dam area  72  according to the first embodiment depicted in  FIG.  2   , two slits  21 D and  21 E are formed in a portion in which an OCL material is formed flatly. In the variation example depicted in  FIG.  6   , similarly to the light-shielding resin dam area  71 , the OCL  41  is formed and two slits  21 D and  21 E are formed in portions in which a shape of OCLs each having a plane size that is an integral multiple of that of the OCL  41  are formed. 
     Further, in the variation example depicted in  FIG.  7   , similarly to the light-shielding resin dam area  71  according to the second embodiment, the slit area  81  in which a slit  21 K is formed is provided in the UF dam area  72 . Further, the same OCL  41  as that in the pixel area  11  is formed as the low reflection projection on a bottom surface of the slit  21 K. 
     As described above, a shape of the OCL material in which the slit  21  is formed in the UF dam area  72  may be adapted to the shape of the OCL in the light-shielding resin dam area  71 . 
     5. Manufacturing Method 
     A method for manufacturing the solid-state image pickup element  1  will be described with reference to  FIG.  8   . 
     On an upper surface of the light emitting surface side of the semiconductor substrate  10  in which photodiodes, a plurality of transistors, and the like are formed, the color filter layer  43  is formed. Then, in step S 1 , the OCLs  41  are formed on the color filter layer  43 . The OCLs  41  are disposed in an extended manner from the pixel area  11  and are formed also in the dam area  13 . Further, in the slit area  81  in which the slit  21  is formed in the dam area  13 , an OCL having a size larger than a plane size of the OCL  41  is formed. 
     In step S 2 , over the upper surfaces of the OCLs  41  (also including the OCL in the slit area  81 ) in the pixel area  11  and the dam area  13 , the antireflection films  42  are formed. 
     In step S 3 , the slit  21  is formed in the slit area  81  in the dam area  13 . Note that, as described above, an order in which the slit  21  and the antireflection film  42  are formed may be reversed. 
     In step S 4 , the chip  61  is flip-chip mounted in the chip mounting area  12  of the semiconductor substrate  10 . 
     In step S 5 , between the chip  61  in the chip mounting area  12  and the semiconductor substrate  10 , the underfill resin  65  is filled and cured. 
     In step S 6 , in the area including the upper surface and side surfaces of the chip  61  and the upper surface of the underfill resin  65 , the light-shielding resin  66  is coated and then cured. 
     As described above, the solid-state image pickup element  1  is manufactured. 
     6. Application Example to Electronic Equipment 
     The solid-state image pickup element  1  described above can be applied to various electronic equipment, for example, an image pickup apparatus such as a digital still camera or a digital video camera, a mobile phone having an image pickup function, or an audio player having an image pickup function. 
       FIG.  9    is a block diagram depicting a configuration example of an image pickup apparatus functioning as electronic equipment to which the present technology is applied. 
     An image pickup apparatus  101  depicted in  FIG.  9    includes an optical system  102 , a shutter device  103 , a solid-state image pickup element  104 , a control circuit  105 , a signal processing circuit  106 , a monitor  107 , and a memory  108  and can capture a still image and a moving image. 
     The optical system  102  includes one or a plurality of lenses, guides light (incident light) from a subject to the solid-state image pickup element  104 , and forms an image on a light receiving surface of the solid-state image pickup element  104 . 
     The shutter device  103  is arranged between the optical system  102  and the solid-state image pickup element  104 . Further, the shutter device  103  controls a light irradiation period and a light-shielding period to the solid-state image pickup element  104  in accordance with control of the control circuit  105 . 
     The solid-state image pickup element  104  includes the solid-state image pickup element  1  described above. The solid-state image pickup element  104  accumulates signal charges for a certain period in accordance with light forming an optical image on the light receiving surface via the optical system  102  and the shutter device  103 . The signal charges accumulated in the solid-state image pickup element  104  are transferred in accordance with a drive signal (timing signal) supplied from the control circuit  105 . The solid-state image pickup element  104  may be configured as one chip by itself. Alternatively, the solid-state image pickup element  104  may be configured as a part of a camera module packaged with the optical system  102 , the signal processing circuit  106 , or the like. 
     The control circuit  105  outputs a drive signal for controlling a transfer operation of the solid-state image pickup element  104  and a shutter operation of the shutter device  103 , and drives the solid-state image pickup element  104  and the shutter device  103 . 
     The signal processing circuit  106  performs various kinds of signal processing on a pixel signal output from the solid-state image pickup element  104 . An image (image data) obtained by performing the signal processing by the signal processing circuit  106  is supplied to the monitor  107  to be displayed thereon or is supplied to the memory  108  to be stored (recorded) therein. 
     As described above, the solid-state image pickup element  1  according to each of the embodiments described above is used as the solid-state image pickup element  104 , so that the capturing in which the flare characteristics are improved can be realized. Accordingly, the quality of captured images can also be increased in the image pickup apparatus  101 , which is a video camera, a digital still camera, a cameral module for mobile devices such as mobile phones, or the like. 
     7. Usage Example of Image Sensor 
       FIG.  10    is a diagram depicting a usage example of an image sensor using the above-described solid-state image pickup element  1 . 
     The image sensor using the above-described solid-state image pickup element  1  can be used, for example, in various cases in which light such as visible light, infrared light, ultraviolet light, or an X-ray is sensed, as described below.
         An apparatus for photographing an image for use in appreciation such as a digital camera or a mobile device having a camera function   An apparatus used for traffic such as a vehicle-mounted sensor that photographs a front, a rear, a circumference, or an inside etc. of a vehicle or a monitoring camera that monitors moving vehicles or roads, or a ranging sensor that measures a distance between vehicles for a safety drive of automatic stop etc. or recognition etc. of a state of a driver   An apparatus for use in household appliances such as a TV set, a refrigerator, or an air conditioner in order to photograph a gesture of a user and perform an equipment operation in accordance with the gesture   An apparatus for use in medical care or healthcare such as an endoscope or a device for imaging a blood vessel by reception of infrared light   An apparatus for use in security such as a monitoring camera for security application or a camera for person authentication application   An apparatus for cosmetic use such as a skin measuring instrument for photographing a skin or a microscope for photographing a scalp   An apparatus for use in sport such as an action camera or a wearable camera for sport application etc.   An apparatus for use in agriculture such as a camera for monitoring a state of fields or crops       

     8. Application Example to In-Vivo Information Acquisition System 
     The technology (the present technology) according to the present disclosure can be applied to various products. For example, the technology according to the present disclosure may be applied to an in-vivo information acquisition system of a patient using a capsule type endoscope. 
       FIG.  11    is a block diagram depicting an example of a schematic configuration of an in-vivo information acquisition system of a patient using a capsule type endoscope, to which the technology according to an embodiment of the present disclosure (present technology) can be applied. 
     The in-vivo information acquisition system  10001  includes a capsule type endoscope  10100  and an external controlling apparatus  10200 . 
     The capsule type endoscope  10100  is swallowed by a patient at the time of inspection. The capsule type endoscope  10100  has an image pickup function and a wireless communication function and successively picks up an image of the inside of an organ such as the stomach or an intestine (hereinafter referred to as in-vivo image) at predetermined intervals while it moves inside of the organ by peristaltic motion for a period of time until it is naturally discharged from the patient. Then, the capsule type endoscope  10100  successively transmits information of the in-vivo image to the external controlling apparatus  10200  outside the body by wireless transmission. 
     The external controlling apparatus  10200  integrally controls operation of the in-vivo information acquisition system  10001 . Further, the external controlling apparatus  10200  receives information of an in-vivo image transmitted thereto from the capsule type endoscope  10100  and generates image data for displaying the in-vivo image on a display apparatus (not depicted) on the basis of the received information of the in-vivo image. 
     In the in-vivo information acquisition system  10001 , an in-vivo image imaged a state of the inside of the body of a patient can be acquired at any time in this manner for a period of time until the capsule type endoscope  10100  is discharged after it is swallowed. 
     A configuration and functions of the capsule type endoscope  10100  and the external controlling apparatus  10200  are described in more detail below. 
     The capsule type endoscope  10100  includes a housing  10101  of the capsule type, in which a light source unit  10111 , an image pickup unit  10112 , an image processing unit  10113 , a wireless communication unit  10114 , a power feeding unit  10115 , a power supply unit  10116  and a control unit  10117  are accommodated. 
     The light source unit  10111  includes a light source such as, for example, a light emitting diode (LED) and irradiates light on an image pickup field-of-view of the image pickup unit  10112 . 
     The image pickup unit  10112  includes an image pickup element and an optical system including a plurality of lenses provided at a preceding stage to the image pickup element. Reflected light (hereinafter referred to as observation light) of light irradiated on a body tissue which is an observation target is condensed by the optical system and introduced into the image pickup element. In the image pickup unit  10112 , the incident observation light is photoelectrically converted by the image pickup element, by which an image signal corresponding to the observation light is generated. The image signal generated by the image pickup unit  10112  is provided to the image processing unit  10113 . 
     The image processing unit  10113  includes a processor such as a central processing unit (CPU) or a graphics processing unit (GPU) and performs various signal processes for an image signal generated by the image pickup unit  10112 . The image processing unit  10113  provides the image signal for which the signal processes have been performed thereby as RAW data to the wireless communication unit  10114 . 
     The wireless communication unit  10114  performs a predetermined process such as a modulation process for the image signal for which the signal processes have been performed by the image processing unit  10113  and transmits the resulting image signal to the external controlling apparatus  10200  through an antenna  10114 A. Further, the wireless communication unit  10114  receives a control signal relating to driving control of the capsule type endoscope  10100  from the external controlling apparatus  10200  through the antenna  10114 A. The wireless communication unit  10114  provides the control signal received from the external controlling apparatus  10200  to the control unit  10117 . 
     The power feeding unit  10115  includes an antenna coil for power reception, a power regeneration circuit for regenerating electric power from current generated in the antenna coil, a voltage booster circuit and so forth. The power feeding unit  10115  generates electric power using the principle of non-contact charging. 
     The power supply unit  10116  includes a secondary battery and stores electric power generated by the power feeding unit  10115 . In  FIG.  11   , in order to avoid complicated illustration, an arrow mark indicative of a supply destination of electric power from the power supply unit  10116  and so forth are omitted. However, electric power stored in the power supply unit  10116  is supplied to and can be used to drive the light source unit  10111 , the image pickup unit  10112 , the image processing unit  10113 , the wireless communication unit  10114  and the control unit  10117 . 
     The control unit  10117  includes a processor such as a CPU and suitably controls driving of the light source unit  10111 , the image pickup unit  10112 , the image processing unit  10113 , the wireless communication unit  10114  and the power feeding unit  10115  in accordance with a control signal transmitted thereto from the external controlling apparatus  10200 . 
     The external controlling apparatus  10200  includes a processor such as a CPU or a GPU, a microcomputer, a control board or the like in which a processor and a storage element such as a memory are mixedly incorporated. The external controlling apparatus  10200  transmits a control signal to the control unit  10117  of the capsule type endoscope  10100  through an antenna  10200 A to control operation of the capsule type endoscope  10100 . In the capsule type endoscope  10100 , an irradiation condition of light upon an observation target of the light source unit  10111  can be changed, for example, in accordance with a control signal from the external controlling apparatus  10200 . Further, an image pickup condition (for example, a frame rate, an exposure value or the like of the image pickup unit  10112 ) can be changed in accordance with a control signal from the external controlling apparatus  10200 . Further, the substance of processing by the image processing unit  10113  or a condition for transmitting an image signal from the wireless communication unit  10114  (for example, a transmission interval, a transmission image number or the like) may be changed in accordance with a control signal from the external controlling apparatus  10200 . 
     Further, the external controlling apparatus  10200  performs various image processes for an image signal transmitted thereto from the capsule type endoscope  10100  to generate image data for displaying a picked up in-vivo image on the display apparatus. As the image processes, various signal processes can be performed such as, for example, a development process (demosaic process), an image quality improving process (bandwidth enhancement process, a super-resolution process, a noise reduction (NR) process and/or image stabilization process) and/or an enlargement process (electronic zooming process). The external controlling apparatus  10200  controls driving of the display apparatus to cause the display apparatus to display a picked up in-vivo image on the basis of generated image data. Alternatively, the external controlling apparatus  10200  may also control a recording apparatus (not depicted) to record generated image data or control a printing apparatus (not depicted) to output generated image data by printing. 
     In the above, an example of the in-vivo information acquisition system to which the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied has been described. The technology according to the present disclosure can be applied to the image pickup unit  10112  among the configurations described above. Specifically, the solid-state image pickup element  1  according to each embodiment described above can be applied to the image pickup unit  10112 . The technology according to the present disclosure is applied to the image pickup unit  10112  to thereby provide the captured image in which the flare characteristics are improved. Therefore, a clearer image of a surgical region can be obtained and accuracy of the inspection is improved. 
     9. Application Example to Endoscopic Surgery System 
     The technology (the present technology) according to the present disclosure can be applied to various products. For example, the technology according to the present disclosure may be applied to the endoscopic surgery system. 
       FIG.  12    is a view depicting an example of a schematic configuration of an endoscopic surgery system to which the technology according to an embodiment of the present disclosure (present technology) can be applied. 
     In  FIG.  12   , a state is illustrated in which a surgeon (medical doctor)  11131  is using an endoscopic surgery system  11000  to perform surgery for a patient  11132  on a patient bed  11133 . As depicted, the endoscopic surgery system  11000  includes an endoscope  11100 , other surgical tools  11110  such as a pneumoperitoneum tube  11111  and an energy device  11112 , a supporting arm apparatus  11120  which supports the endoscope  11100  thereon, and a cart  11200  on which various apparatus for endoscopic surgery are mounted. 
     The endoscope  11100  includes a lens barrel  11101  having a region of a predetermined length from a distal end thereof to be inserted into a body cavity of the patient  11132 , and a camera head  11102  connected to a proximal end of the lens barrel  11101 . In the example depicted, the endoscope  11100  is depicted which includes as a rigid endoscope having the lens barrel  11101  of the hard type. However, the endoscope  11100  may otherwise be included as a flexible endoscope having the lens barrel  11101  of the flexible type. 
     The lens barrel  11101  has, at a distal end thereof, an opening in which an objective lens is fitted. A light source apparatus  11203  is connected to the endoscope  11100  such that light generated by the light source apparatus  11203  is introduced to a distal end of the lens barrel  11101  by a light guide extending in the inside of the lens barrel  11101  and is irradiated toward an observation target in a body cavity of the patient  11132  through the objective lens. It is to be noted that the endoscope  11100  may be a forward-viewing endoscope or may be an oblique-viewing endoscope or a side-viewing endoscope. 
     An optical system and an image pickup element are provided in the inside of the camera head  11102  such that reflected light (observation light) from the observation target is condensed on the image pickup element by the optical system. The observation light is photo-electrically converted by the image pickup element to generate an electric signal corresponding to the observation light, namely, an image signal corresponding to an observation image. The image signal is transmitted as RAW data to a CCU  11201 . 
     The CCU  11201  includes a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU) or the like and integrally controls operation of the endoscope  11100  and a display apparatus  11202 . Further, the CCU  11201  receives an image signal from the camera head  11102  and performs, for the image signal, various image processes for displaying an image based on the image signal such as, for example, a development process (demosaic process). 
     The display apparatus  11202  displays thereon an image based on an image signal, for which the image processes have been performed by the CCU  11201 , under the control of the CCU  11201 . 
     The light source apparatus  11203  includes a light source such as, for example, a light emitting diode (LED) and supplies irradiation light upon imaging of a surgical region to the endoscope  11100 . 
     An inputting apparatus  11204  is an input interface for the endoscopic surgery system  11000 . A user can perform inputting of various kinds of information or instruction inputting to the endoscopic surgery system  11000  through the inputting apparatus  11204 . For example, the user would input an instruction or a like to change an image pickup condition (type of irradiation light, magnification, focal distance or the like) by the endoscope  11100 . 
     A treatment tool controlling apparatus  11205  controls driving of the energy device  11112  for cautery or incision of a tissue, sealing of a blood vessel or the like. A pneumoperitoneum apparatus  11206  feeds gas into a body cavity of the patient  11132  through the pneumoperitoneum tube  11111  to inflate the body cavity in order to secure the field of view of the endoscope  11100  and secure the working space for the surgeon. A recorder  11207  is an apparatus capable of recording various kinds of information relating to surgery. A printer  11208  is an apparatus capable of printing various kinds of information relating to surgery in various forms such as a text, an image or a graph. 
     It is to be noted that the light source apparatus  11203  which supplies irradiation light when a surgical region is to be imaged to the endoscope  11100  may include a white light source which includes, for example, an LED, a laser light source or a combination of them. Where a white light source includes a combination of red, green, and blue (RGB) laser light sources, since the output intensity and the output timing can be controlled with a high degree of accuracy for each color (each wavelength), adjustment of the white balance of a picked up image can be performed by the light source apparatus  11203 . Further, in this case, if laser beams from the respective RGB laser light sources are irradiated time-divisionally on an observation target and driving of the image pickup elements of the camera head  11102  are controlled in synchronism with the irradiation timings. Then images individually corresponding to the R, G and B colors can be also picked up time-divisionally. According to this method, a color image can be obtained even if color filters are not provided for the image pickup element. 
     Further, the light source apparatus  11203  may be controlled such that the intensity of light to be outputted is changed for each predetermined time. By controlling driving of the image pickup element of the camera head  11102  in synchronism with the timing of the change of the intensity of light to acquire images time-divisionally and synthesizing the images, an image of a high dynamic range free from underexposed blocked up shadows and overexposed highlights can be created. 
     Further, the light source apparatus  11203  may be configured to supply light of a predetermined wavelength band ready for special light observation. In special light observation, for example, by utilizing the wavelength dependency of absorption of light in a body tissue to irradiate light of a narrow band in comparison with irradiation light upon ordinary observation (namely, white light), narrow band observation (narrow band imaging) of imaging a predetermined tissue such as a blood vessel of a superficial portion of the mucous membrane or the like in a high contrast is performed. Alternatively, in special light observation, fluorescent observation for obtaining an image from fluorescent light generated by irradiation of excitation light may be performed. In fluorescent observation, it is possible to perform observation of fluorescent light from a body tissue by irradiating excitation light on the body tissue (autofluorescence observation) or to obtain a fluorescent light image by locally injecting a reagent such as indocyanine green (ICG) into a body tissue and irradiating excitation light corresponding to a fluorescent light wavelength of the reagent upon the body tissue. The light source apparatus  11203  can be configured to supply such narrow-band light and/or excitation light suitable for special light observation as described above. 
       FIG.  13    is a block diagram depicting an example of a functional configuration of the camera head  11102  and the CCU  11201  depicted in  FIG.  12   . 
     The camera head  11102  includes a lens unit  11401 , an image pickup unit  11402 , a driving unit  11403 , a communication unit  11404  and a camera head controlling unit  11405 . The CCU  11201  includes a communication unit  11411 , an image processing unit  11412  and a control unit  11413 . The camera head  11102  and the CCU  11201  are connected for communication to each other by a transmission cable  11400 . 
     The lens unit  11401  is an optical system, provided at a connecting location to the lens barrel  11101 . Observation light taken in from a distal end of the lens barrel  11101  is guided to the camera head  11102  and introduced into the lens unit  11401 . The lens unit  11401  includes a combination of a plurality of lenses including a zoom lens and a focusing lens. 
     The number of image pickup elements which is included by the image pickup unit  11402  may be one (single-plate type) or a plural number (multi-plate type). Where the image pickup unit  11402  is configured as that of the multi-plate type, for example, image signals corresponding to respective R, G and B are generated by the image pickup elements, and the image signals may be synthesized to obtain a color image. The image pickup unit  11402  may also be configured so as to have a pair of image pickup elements for acquiring respective image signals for the right eye and the left eye ready for three dimensional (3D) display. If 3D display is performed, then the depth of a living body tissue in a surgical region can be comprehended more accurately by the surgeon  11131 . It is to be noted that, where the image pickup unit  11402  is configured as that of stereoscopic type, a plurality of systems of lens units  11401  are provided corresponding to the individual image pickup elements. 
     Further, the image pickup unit  11402  may not necessarily be provided on the camera head  11102 . For example, the image pickup unit  11402  may be provided immediately behind the objective lens in the inside of the lens barrel  11101 . 
     The driving unit  11403  includes an actuator and moves the zoom lens and the focusing lens of the lens unit  11401  by a predetermined distance along an optical axis under the control of the camera head controlling unit  11405 . Consequently, the magnification and the focal point of a picked up image by the image pickup unit  11402  can be adjusted suitably. 
     The communication unit  11404  includes a communication apparatus for transmitting and receiving various kinds of information to and from the CCU  11201 . The communication unit  11404  transmits an image signal acquired from the image pickup unit  11402  as RAW data to the CCU  11201  through the transmission cable  11400 . 
     In addition, the communication unit  11404  receives a control signal for controlling driving of the camera head  11102  from the CCU  11201  and supplies the control signal to the camera head controlling unit  11405 . The control signal includes information relating to image pickup conditions such as, for example, information that a frame rate of a picked up image is designated, information that an exposure value upon image picking up is designated and/or information that a magnification and a focal point of a picked up image are designated. 
     It is to be noted that the image pickup conditions such as the frame rate, exposure value, magnification or focal point may be designated by the user or may be set automatically by the control unit  11413  of the CCU  11201  on the basis of an acquired image signal. In the latter case, an auto exposure (AE) function, an auto focus (AF) function and an auto white balance (AWB) function are incorporated in the endoscope  11100 . 
     The camera head controlling unit  11405  controls driving of the camera head  11102  on the basis of a control signal from the CCU  11201  received through the communication unit  11404 . 
     The communication unit  11411  includes a communication apparatus for transmitting and receiving various kinds of information to and from the camera head  11102 . The communication unit  11411  receives an image signal transmitted thereto from the camera head  11102  through the transmission cable  11400 . 
     Further, the communication unit  11411  transmits a control signal for controlling driving of the camera head  11102  to the camera head  11102 . The image signal and the control signal can be transmitted by electrical communication, optical communication or the like. 
     The image processing unit  11412  performs various image processes for an image signal in the form of RAW data transmitted thereto from the camera head  11102 . 
     The control unit  11413  performs various kinds of control relating to image picking up of a surgical region or the like by the endoscope  11100  and display of a picked up image obtained by image picking up of the surgical region or the like. For example, the control unit  11413  creates a control signal for controlling driving of the camera head  11102 . 
     Further, the control unit  11413  controls, on the basis of an image signal for which image processes have been performed by the image processing unit  11412 , the display apparatus  11202  to display a picked up image in which the surgical region or the like is imaged. Thereupon, the control unit  11413  may recognize various objects in the picked up image using various image recognition technologies. For example, the control unit  11413  can recognize a surgical tool such as forceps, a particular living body region, bleeding, mist when the energy device  11112  is used and so forth by detecting the shape, color and so forth of edges of objects included in a picked up image. The control unit  11413  may cause, when it controls the display apparatus  11202  to display a picked up image, various kinds of surgery supporting information to be displayed in an overlapping manner with an image of the surgical region using a result of the recognition. Where surgery supporting information is displayed in an overlapping manner and presented to the surgeon  11131 , the burden on the surgeon  11131  can be reduced and the surgeon  11131  can proceed with the surgery with certainty. 
     The transmission cable  11400  which connects the camera head  11102  and the CCU  11201  to each other is an electric signal cable ready for communication of an electric signal, an optical fiber ready for optical communication or a composite cable ready for both of electrical and optical communications. 
     Here, while, in the example depicted, communication is performed by wired communication using the transmission cable  11400 , the communication between the camera head  11102  and the CCU  11201  may be performed by wireless communication. 
     In the foregoing description, an example of the endoscopic surgery system to which the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied has been described. The technology according to the present disclosure can be applied to the image pickup unit  11402  of the camera head  11102  among the configurations described above. Specifically, the solid-state image pickup element  1  according to each embodiment described above can be applied to the image pickup unit  11402 . The technology according to the present disclosure is applied to the image pickup unit  11402  to thereby provide the captured image in which the flare characteristics are improved. Therefore, a clearer image of a surgical region can be obtained. 
     Note that the endoscopic surgery system has been described herein by way of example, and further, the technology according to the present disclosure may be applied to other examples, for example, a microscopic surgery system and the like. 
     10. Application Example to Mobile Body 
     The technology (the present technology) according to the present disclosure can be applied to various products. For example, the technology according to the present disclosure may be realized as an apparatus mounted on any type of mobile body such as an automobile, an electric car, a hybrid electric car, a motorcycle, a bicycle, a personal mobility, an airplane, a drone, a ship, a robot, and the like. 
       FIG.  14    is a block diagram depicting an example of schematic configuration of a vehicle control system as an example of a mobile body control system to which the technology according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied. 
     The vehicle control system  12000  includes a plurality of electronic control units connected to each other via a communication network  12001 . In the example depicted in  FIG.  14   , the vehicle control system  12000  includes a driving system control unit  12010 , a body system control unit  12020 , an outside-vehicle information detecting unit  12030 , an in-vehicle information detecting unit  12040 , and an integrated control unit  12050 . In addition, a microcomputer  12051 , a sound/image output section  12052 , and a vehicle-mounted network interface (I/F)  12053  are illustrated as a functional configuration of the integrated control unit  12050 . 
     The driving system control unit  12010  controls the operation of devices related to the driving system of the vehicle in accordance with various kinds of programs. For example, the driving system control unit  12010  functions as a control device for a driving force generating device for generating the driving force of the vehicle, such as an internal combustion engine, a driving motor, or the like, a driving force transmitting mechanism for transmitting the driving force to wheels, a steering mechanism for adjusting the steering angle of the vehicle, a braking device for generating the braking force of the vehicle, and the like. 
     The body system control unit  12020  controls the operation of various kinds of devices provided to a vehicle body in accordance with various kinds of programs. For example, the body system control unit  12020  functions as a control device for a keyless entry system, a smart key system, a power window device, or various kinds of lamps such as a headlamp, a backup lamp, a brake lamp, a turn signal, a fog lamp, or the like. In this case, radio waves transmitted from a mobile device as an alternative to a key or signals of various kinds of switches can be input to the body system control unit  12020 . The body system control unit  12020  receives these input radio waves or signals, and controls a door lock device, the power window device, the lamps, or the like of the vehicle. 
     The outside-vehicle information detecting unit  12030  detects information about the outside of the vehicle including the vehicle control system  12000 . For example, the outside-vehicle information detecting unit  12030  is connected with an imaging section  12031 . The outside-vehicle information detecting unit  12030  makes the imaging section  12031  image an image of the outside of the vehicle, and receives the imaged image. On the basis of the received image, the outside-vehicle information detecting unit  12030  may perform processing of detecting an object such as a human, a vehicle, an obstacle, a sign, a character on a road surface, or the like, or processing of detecting a distance thereto. 
     The imaging section  12031  is an optical sensor that receives light, and which outputs an electric signal corresponding to a received light amount of the light. The imaging section  12031  can output the electric signal as an image, or can output the electric signal as information about a measured distance. In addition, the light received by the imaging section  12031  may be visible light, or may be invisible light such as infrared rays or the like. 
     The in-vehicle information detecting unit  12040  detects information about the inside of the vehicle. The in-vehicle information detecting unit  12040  is, for example, connected with a driver state detecting section  12041  that detects the state of a driver. The driver state detecting section  12041 , for example, includes a camera that images the driver. On the basis of detection information input from the driver state detecting section  12041 , the in-vehicle information detecting unit  12040  may calculate a degree of fatigue of the driver or a degree of concentration of the driver, or may determine whether the driver is dozing. 
     The microcomputer  12051  can calculate a control target value for the driving force generating device, the steering mechanism, or the braking device on the basis of the information about the inside or outside of the vehicle which information is obtained by the outside-vehicle information detecting unit  12030  or the in-vehicle information detecting unit  12040 , and output a control command to the driving system control unit  12010 . For example, the microcomputer  12051  can perform cooperative control intended to implement functions of an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) which functions include collision avoidance or shock mitigation for the vehicle, following driving based on a following distance, vehicle speed maintaining driving, a warning of collision of the vehicle, a warning of deviation of the vehicle from a lane, or the like. 
     In addition, the microcomputer  12051  can perform cooperative control intended for automatic driving, which makes the vehicle to travel autonomously without depending on the operation of the driver, or the like, by controlling the driving force generating device, the steering mechanism, the braking device, or the like on the basis of the information about the outside or inside of the vehicle which information is obtained by the outside-vehicle information detecting unit  12030  or the in-vehicle information detecting unit  12040 . 
     In addition, the microcomputer  12051  can output a control command to the body system control unit  12020  on the basis of the information about the outside of the vehicle which information is obtained by the outside-vehicle information detecting unit  12030 . For example, the microcomputer  12051  can perform cooperative control intended to prevent a glare by controlling the headlamp so as to change from a high beam to a low beam, for example, in accordance with the position of a preceding vehicle or an oncoming vehicle detected by the outside-vehicle information detecting unit  12030 . 
     The sound/image output section  12052  transmits an output signal of at least one of a sound and an image to an output device capable of visually or auditorily notifying information to an occupant of the vehicle or the outside of the vehicle. In the example of  FIG.  14   , an audio speaker  12061 , a display section  12062 , and an instrument panel  12063  are illustrated as the output device. The display section  12062  may, for example, include at least one of an on-board display and a head-up display. 
       FIG.  15    is a diagram depicting an example of the installation position of the imaging section  12031 . 
     In  FIG.  15   , the imaging section  12031  includes imaging sections  12101 ,  12102 ,  12103 ,  12104 , and  12105 . 
     The imaging sections  12101 ,  12102 ,  12103 ,  12104 , and  12105  are, for example, disposed at positions on a front nose, sideview mirrors, a rear bumper, and a back door of the vehicle  12100  as well as a position on an upper portion of a windshield within the interior of the vehicle. The imaging section  12101  provided to the front nose and the imaging section  12105  provided to the upper portion of the windshield within the interior of the vehicle obtain mainly an image of the front of the vehicle  12100 . The imaging sections  12102  and  12103  provided to the sideview mirrors obtain mainly an image of the sides of the vehicle  12100 . The imaging section  12104  provided to the rear bumper or the back door obtains mainly an image of the rear of the vehicle  12100 . The imaging section  12105  provided to the upper portion of the windshield within the interior of the vehicle is used mainly to detect a preceding vehicle, a pedestrian, an obstacle, a signal, a traffic sign, a lane, or the like. 
     Incidentally,  FIG.  15    depicts an example of photographing ranges of the imaging sections  12101  to  12104 . An imaging range  12111  represents the imaging range of the imaging section  12101  provided to the front nose. Imaging ranges  12112  and  12113  respectively represent the imaging ranges of the imaging sections  12102  and  12103  provided to the sideview mirrors. An imaging range  12114  represents the imaging range of the imaging section  12104  provided to the rear bumper or the back door. A bird&#39;s-eye image of the vehicle  12100  as viewed from above is obtained by superimposing image data imaged by the imaging sections  12101  to  12104 , for example. 
     At least one of the imaging sections  12101  to  12104  may have a function of obtaining distance information. For example, at least one of the imaging sections  12101  to  12104  may be a stereo camera constituted of a plurality of imaging elements, or may be an imaging element having pixels for phase difference detection. 
     For example, the microcomputer  12051  can determine a distance to each three-dimensional object within the imaging ranges  12111  to  12114  and a temporal change in the distance (relative speed with respect to the vehicle  12100 ) on the basis of the distance information obtained from the imaging sections  12101  to  12104 , and thereby extract, as a preceding vehicle, a nearest three-dimensional object in particular that is present on a traveling path of the vehicle  12100  and which travels in substantially the same direction as the vehicle  12100  at a predetermined speed (for example, equal to or more than 0 km/hour). Further, the microcomputer  12051  can set a following distance to be maintained in front of a preceding vehicle in advance, and perform automatic brake control (including following stop control), automatic acceleration control (including following start control), or the like. It is thus possible to perform cooperative control intended for automatic driving that makes the vehicle travel autonomously without depending on the operation of the driver or the like. 
     For example, the microcomputer  12051  can classify three-dimensional object data on three-dimensional objects into three-dimensional object data of a two-wheeled vehicle, a standard-sized vehicle, a large-sized vehicle, a pedestrian, a utility pole, and other three-dimensional objects on the basis of the distance information obtained from the imaging sections  12101  to  12104 , extract the classified three-dimensional object data, and use the extracted three-dimensional object data for automatic avoidance of an obstacle. For example, the microcomputer  12051  identifies obstacles around the vehicle  12100  as obstacles that the driver of the vehicle  12100  can recognize visually and obstacles that are difficult for the driver of the vehicle  12100  to recognize visually. Then, the microcomputer  12051  determines a collision risk indicating a risk of collision with each obstacle. In a situation in which the collision risk is equal to or higher than a set value and there is thus a possibility of collision, the microcomputer  12051  outputs a warning to the driver via the audio speaker  12061  or the display section  12062 , and performs forced deceleration or avoidance steering via the driving system control unit  12010 . The microcomputer  12051  can thereby assist in driving to avoid collision. 
     At least one of the imaging sections  12101  to  12104  may be an infrared camera that detects infrared rays. The microcomputer  12051  can, for example, recognize a pedestrian by determining whether or not there is a pedestrian in imaged images of the imaging sections  12101  to  12104 . Such recognition of a pedestrian is, for example, performed by a procedure of extracting characteristic points in the imaged images of the imaging sections  12101  to  12104  as infrared cameras and a procedure of determining whether or not it is the pedestrian by performing pattern matching processing on a series of characteristic points representing the contour of the object. When the microcomputer  12051  determines that there is a pedestrian in the imaged images of the imaging sections  12101  to  12104 , and thus recognizes the pedestrian, the sound/image output section  12052  controls the display section  12062  so that a square contour line for emphasis is displayed so as to be superimposed on the recognized pedestrian. The sound/image output section  12052  may also control the display section  12062  so that an icon or the like representing the pedestrian is displayed at a desired position. 
     In the foregoing description, an example of the vehicle control system to which the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied has been described. The technology according to the present disclosure can be applied to the imaging section  12031  among the configurations described above. Specifically, the solid-state image pickup element  1  according to each embodiment described above can be applied to the imaging section  12031 . The technology according to the present disclosure is applied to the imaging section  12031 , and thereby the flare characteristics can be improved and a photographed image which allows a driver to easily view can be obtained. In addition, by using the obtained photographed image, fatigue of a driver can be relaxed, and a safety degree of a driver and a vehicle can be improved. 
     Further, the present technology is not limited to application to solid-state image pickup elements for detecting a distribution of incident amounts of visible light and capturing the detected distribution as an image. Further, the present technology can be applied to solid-state image pickup elements for capturing images representing distributions of incident amounts of an infrared ray, an X ray, or particles, etc., and a general solid-state image pickup element in a wider sense (physical quantity distribution detecting apparatus), such as a fingerprint detecting sensor, for detecting a distribution of other physical quantity such as a pressures and a static capacitance to capture the image thereof. 
     In addition, the present technology is not limited to solid-state image pickup elements but can be applied to a general semiconductor apparatus having other semiconductor integrated circuit. The semiconductor apparatus in this case includes an OCL area (corresponding to the pixel area  11  of the solid-state image pickup element  1 ) in which the OCLs  41  are formed in a matrix, the chip mounting area  12  in which the chip  61  is flip-chip mounted, and the dam area  13  that is disposed around the chip mounting area  12 , and in the dam area  13 , the same OCL as that in the OCL area is formed. 
     The embodiments of the present technology are not limited to the embodiments described above, but various changes are available within the scope without departing from the spirit of the present technology. 
     For example, a mode as an arbitrary combination of all or a part of a plurality of the embodiments described above may be employed. 
     Note that the effects disclosed in the present specification are illustrative only and not limitative, and thus there may be effects other than those disclosed in the present specification. 
     Note that the present technology may have the following configurations. 
     (1) 
     A solid-state image pickup element including: 
     a pixel area in which a plurality of pixels is two-dimensionally arranged in a matrix; 
     a chip mounting area in which a chip is flip-chip mounted; and 
     a dam area that is arranged around the chip mounting area and in which one or more slits that block an outflow of a resin are formed, in which 
     in the dam area, the same OCL as that in the pixel area is formed. 
     (2) 
     The solid-state image pickup element according to (1) above, further including: 
     a low reflection projection on a bottom surface of the slit. 
     (3) 
     The solid-state image pickup element according to (2) above, in which 
     the low reflection projection has a shape of a same OCL as that in the pixel area. 
     (4) 
     The solid-state image pickup element according to (2) above, in which 
     the low reflection projection has a shape of an OCL smaller than that in the pixel area. 
     (5) 
     The solid-state image pickup element according to (2) above, in which 
     the low reflection projection has a shape of an OCL different from that in the pixel area. 
     (6) 
     The solid-state image pickup element according to any one of (1) through (5) above, in which 
     a plane size of an OCL in which the slit is formed includes a size of an integral multiple of a plane size of the OCL in the pixel area. 
     (7) 
     The solid-state image pickup element according to any one of (1) through (6) above, in which 
     the slit includes a slit that blocks an outflow of a light-shielding resin that covers an upper surface and side surfaces of the chip. 
     (8) 
     The solid-state image pickup element according to any one of (1) through (6) above, in which 
     the slit includes a slit that blocks an outflow of an underfill resin that is filled in a range in which the chip is flip-chip mounted. 
     (9) 
     The solid-state image pickup element according to any one of (1) through (8) above, in which 
     an antireflection film is formed over an upper surface of an OCL in the dam area. 
     (10) 
     Electronic equipment including: 
     a solid-state image pickup element including
         a pixel area in which a plurality of pixels is two-dimensionally arranged in a matrix,   a chip mounting area in which a chip is flip-chip mounted, and   a dam area that is arranged around the chip mounting area and in which one or more slits that block an outflow of a resin are formed,   in the dam area, the same OCL as that in the pixel area being formed.       

     (11) 
     A semiconductor apparatus including: 
     an OCL area in which an OCL is formed in a matrix; 
     a chip mounting area in which a chip is flip-chip mounted; and 
     a dam area that is arranged around the chip mounting area and in which one or more slits that block an outflow of a resin are formed, in which 
     in the dam area, the same OCL as that in the OCL area is formed. 
     REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
       1  Solid-state image pickup element,  10  Semiconductor substrate,  11  Pixel area,  12  Chip mounting area,  13  Dam area,  21  ( 21 A to  21 G) Slit,  22  Electrode pad,  41  OCL,  42  Antireflection film,  43  Color filter layer,  61  Chip,  64  Solder bump,  65  Underfill resin,  66  Light-shielding resin,  91  Low reflection projection,  101  Image pickup apparatus,  104  Solid-state image pickup element