Patent Publication Number: US-11649676-B2

Title: Passage barrier and method for producing a passage barrier

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to a passage barrier and a method for manufacturing a passage barrier. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Passage barriers are usually used at locations, where the passage of people into a separated region or from a separated region needs to be regulated. Said regulation can be aimed at separating a flow of people and/or at verifying an access authorization of a person into or from a separated region. Passage barriers of this type are for example previously known from the German patent application DE102008025757A1 and are used for example in the entrance region of public buildings, in stadiums or even at events halls. 
     A generic passage barrier usually comprises guide elements, which define a gate region, through which people pass from an entrance region into a passage region. Inside the gate region, at least one barrier element is generally arranged that can prevent and/or enable the passage of a person from the entrance region into the passage region within the gate region. The barrier element is usually moved via a drive. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present disclosure provides a passage barrier which comprises a cost-effective and easy-to-manufacture and low-noise drive. The present disclosure also provides a method for manufacturing a passage barrier which allows the manufacture of a cost-effective and easy-to-manufacture and low-noise passage barrier.  
     These advantages are achieved on the one hand by providing a passage barrier according to the claims, with the passage barrier having guide elements, with the guide elements comprising a first guide element and the guide elements comprising a second guide element, with the first guide element and the second guide element cooperating in such manner that they define a gate region, through which a person passes from an entrance region into a passage region, the passage barrier comprises at least one barrier element, with the barrier element being arranged inside the gate region, with the barrier element, the first guide element and the second guide element cooperating in such manner that a passage of a person from the entrance region into the passage region can be prevented and/or enabled, the passage barrier has a drive, with the drive having a drive unit and with the drive having an output unit, with the drive unit, the output unit and the barrier element being operatively connected in such manner that the barrier element is movable by means of the drive unit into a position closing the gate region and into a position releasing the gate region, with the output unit comprising a hollow shaft, with the hollow shaft having an outer shell surface and the hollow shaft having an inner shell surface, with the inner shell surface and the drive unit being configured in such manner that the inner shell surface surrounds the drive unit at least in sections, preferably completely and the hollow shaft has a barrier element mount, with the barrier element mount being formed for fixing a barrier element on the hollow shaft, the barrier element mount being arranged on the outer shell surface of the hollow shaft and the barrier element mount being formed integrally with the hollow shaft. 
     A method is provided for manufacturing a passage barrier according to the claims, with the passage barrier having guide elements, with the guide elements comprising a first guide element and the guide elements comprising a second guide element, with the first guide element and the second guide element cooperating in such manner that they define a gate region, through which a person passes from an entrance region into a passage region, the passage barrier comprises at least one barrier element, with the barrier element being arranged inside the gate region, with the barrier element, the first guide element and the second guide element cooperating in such manner that a passage of a person from the entrance region into the passage region can be prevented and/or enabled, the passage barrier has a drive, with the drive having a drive unit and with the drive having an output unit, with the drive unit, the output unit and the barrier element being operatively connected in such manner that the barrier element is movable by means of the drive unit into a position closing the gate region and into a position releasing the gate region, with the output unit comprising a hollow shaft, with the hollow shaft having an outer shell surface and the hollow shaft having an inner shell surface, with the inner shell surface and the drive unit being configured in such manner that the inner shell surface surrounds the drive unit at least in sections, preferably completely and the hollow shaft having a barrier element mount, with the barrier element mount being formed for fixing a barrier element on the hollow shaft, with the barrier element mount being arranged on the outer shell surface of the hollow shaft and the barrier element mount being formed integrally with the hollow shaft, comprising the following steps in any order: at least in sections inserting the drive unit into the hollow shaft, fixing a barrier element on or in the barrier element mount of the hollow shaft, arranging the drive in or on a guide element.  
     Using the passage barrier according to the disclosure, a cost-effective and easy-to-manufacture drive is provided. This also allows a particularly low-noise operation since the drive is enclosed through its arrangement in a rotating hollow shaft. By integrating the barrier element mount in or on the hollow shaft, a particularly easy-to-manufacture arrangement is possible. Lastly, another advantage is the hollow shaft can be very easily adapted to any required lengths in regard to the barrier element mount. 
     A passage barrier can be composed of a plurality of technical components, which are described in more detail below. 
     In particular, a passage barrier can comprise components selected from the group of drives, drive units, output units, force transmission elements, locking apparatuses, barrier elements, guide elements, controllers and/or sensors. 
     The term “wall” in the sense of the application designates an object that is stationary with respect to the barrier element. 
     The drive comprises at least one drive unit. The drive unit can comprise at least one electric and/or hydraulic drive unit, an output and a controller. 
     The drive can also comprise other components, such as for example one or a plurality of electrical, electronic and/or mechanical components required to operate a passage barrier, in particular selected from the group of gears, controllers, safety apparatuses, monitoring apparatuses, monitoring systems, pulse sensors, locking apparatuses, power supply, housing, energy storage devices, force transmission elements. 
     The drive can preferably be arranged on and/or in a guide element of the passage barrier, on a building wall, on and/or in the building floor. 
     The drive can in particular be an electromechanical and/or electrohydraulic and/or pneumatic drive, wherein the barrier element can thus be closed and/or opened by means of electromechanically, electrohydraulically and/or pneumatically generated auxiliary force. The auxiliary force can in this way be designed in such manner that the auxiliary force acts in a supporting manner, i.e. that the user must apply their own reduced force when opening and/or closing the barrier element. The auxiliary force can also be designed in such manner that the barrier element is opened automatically by the auxiliary force, i.e. that the user does not have to apply their own force in addition to the auxiliary force. 
     The drive can in particular comprise a drive unit, by means of which electric and/or hydraulic and/or pneumatic energy can be converted into mechanical energy. To move the barrier element, a drive unit can thus receive electric and/or hydraulic and/or pneumatic energy and convert the electric and/or hydraulic and/or pneumatic energy into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is transmitted from the drive unit to an output unit, which in turn converts the mechanical energy into movement energy of a barrier element, whereby a barrier element is movable in the direction of its opening or closing position. 
     The door drive can comprise one or a plurality of drive units selected from the group of the electric drive units, hydraulic drive units and/or pneumatic drive units. 
     To increase the operational safety, provision can be made for the drive to be designed redundantly by at least two drive units being provided such that in the event of failure of one drive unit, at least one other drive unit is available at least to support the opening and/or closing of a barrier element. 
     Individual groups of or all electrical, electronic and/or mechanical components can form a physical assembly with the drive unit. 
     A drive unit can convert electric, hydraulic and/or pneumatic energy into translational, mechanical energy or into rotatory mechanical energy. 
     A drive unit, which converts electric, hydraulic and/or pneumatic energy into translational, mechanical energy, is also designated as a linear drive. 
     A drive unit, which converts electric, hydraulic and/or pneumatic energy into rotational, mechanical energy, is also designated as a motor. 
     The drive unit can preferably be arranged in and/or on a guide element of the passage barrier. 
     A drive unit can preferably comprise at least one first torque transmission element, with the first torque transmission element transmitting torques from the drive unit to a guide element of the passage barrier. 
     In a particularly preferred further development of the disclosure, the drive unit can comprise a second torque transmission element, with the second torque transmission element transmitting torques from the drive unit to the hollow shaft. 
     In order to keep the complexity and number of variants of components in a rotary barrier low and to ensure a cost-effective manufacture, it is quite particularly preferred for the first torque transmission element and the second torque transmission element to be formed geometrically similar, in particular identically. 
     The first torque transmission element is arranged on the drive unit. The first torque transmission element can in particular be arranged in a frictional and/or positive and/or materially-bonded manner on the drive unit. The torque transmission element is preferably arranged on the drive unit so as to be detachable. 
     The second torque transmission element is also arranged on the drive unit. It is also advantageous to arrange the second torque transmission element in a frictional and/or positive manner on the drive unit so as to be detachable. The detachable arrangement can in particular be brought about by attaching, latching, engaging or similar. The advantage of a detachable arrangement of a torque transmission element on the drive unit is the simple assembly and, if necessary, the simple change since a torque transmission element may be exposed to high torques and movement cycles and exhibit signs of wear as a result. 
     It is also advantageous when the first torque transmission element is arranged in a frictional and/or positive manner with respect to the guide element so as to be detachable. In this connection, it is of course also advantageous when the second torque transmission element is arranged in a frictional and/or positive manner in the hollow shaft so as to be detachable. Through the detachable arrangement of a torque transmission element, a simple assembly in and, if necessary, a simple change of the torque transmission element from the hollow shaft or the guide element or a bearing element can take place. 
     In a further preferred configuration of the disclosure, the first torque transmission element is formed in a disc shape. It is further preferred for the second torque transmission element to also be formed in a disc shape. Disc shape is also understood in the sense of this application as annular configurations. The outer contour of a disc-shaped torque transmission element can adopt any desired contour, in particular however, round, elliptical, square or rectangular base shapes. In particular, the outer contour can also be formed in the shape of a toothing. 
     According to a first configuration of the disclosure, the torque transmission element is formed as a hub. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the hub is formed from a material having plastic deformation, in particular metal, preferably steel or aluminum or plastic. 
     The hub can advantageously have a hub covering, with the hub covering at least on the contact surfaces to the hollow shaft comprising a material having an elastic deformation, in particular rubber or India rubber. In an advantageous further development of the disclosure, the hub covering at least on its front end can include a material having an elastic deformation, in particular rubber or India rubber. 
     Through a preferred configuration of a torque transmission element as the hub with a hub covering, with the hub and the hub covering being formed from different materials, namely the hub covering of an elastic material and the hub of a non-elastic material, a particularly good smooth running and low vibration of the drive of a passage barrier can be implemented with simultaneous transmission of large torques. Torque peaks can also be easily absorbed by an elastic hub covering and, consequently, mechanical damage to the passage barrier can be prevented or at least reduced. 
     In order to ensure particularly good transmission of high torques, the hub can have a triangular base contour. The corners of the triangular base contour of the hub are particularly preferably replaced with concave, in particular circular-arc-shaped grooves. In this way, a particularly good fixing of the hub covering on the hub and a further increase in the torque transmission is in particular achieved. 
     To bring about an improved fixing of the hub covering on the hub, the hub can preferably have a plurality of openings, through which the hub covering engages. 
     The hub covering can in particular be manufactured in an injection-molding process. 
     The hollow shaft can, on the inside, comprise at least one first group of torque reception webs and the first torque transmission element can have at least one first group of torque transmission grooves, with the first group of torque reception webs engaging in a positive and/or frictional manner into the first group of torque transmission grooves. 
     It is particularly preferred when the hollow shaft comprises, on the inside, a second group of torque reception webs and the first torque transmission element has a second group of torque transmission grooves, with the second group of torque reception webs engaging in a positive and/or frictional manner into the second group of torque transmission grooves. 
     The first and the second group of torque transmission grooves and/or torque reception webs can differ in regard to their geometric and/or material properties. 
     It is in particular advantageous here for the first group of torque reception webs and the second group of torque reception webs to differ geometrically and the first group of torque transmission grooves and the second group of torque transmission grooves to differ geometrically. 
     According to a further development of the subject matter according to the disclosure, the first group of torque reception webs and the second group of torque reception webs can be arranged along the inner circumference of the hollow shaft in an alternating manner and the first group of torque transmission grooves and the second group of torque transmission grooves can be arranged along the outer circumference of the torque transmission element in an alternating manner. 
     In a quite particularly preferred configuration, the first group of torque reception webs and the second group of torque reception webs can be arranged along the inner circumference of the hollow shaft opposite one another and the first group of torque transmission grooves and the second group of torque transmission grooves can be arranged along the outer circumference of the torque transmission element opposite one another. 
     By forming at least two groups of torque reception webs and corresponding torque transmission grooves, an exact positioning of a torque transmission element in the hollow shaft can, on the one hand, be brought about and, on the other hand, it is possible to impart to both groups in each case different functions and/or properties in relation to positionability and/or torque transmission. 
     Thus, it is conceivable in a particularly preferred configuration of the disclosure that a first group of torque transmission grooves has a circular-arc-shaped contour, while a second group of torque transmission grooves has a rectangular contour. It is preferred here that the opening width of the circular-arc-shaped groove contour is larger than the opening width of the rectangular groove contour. It is quite particularly preferred when the opening width of the circular-arc-shaped groove contour is 4 to 10 times, in particular preferably 5 to 8 times larger than the opening width of the rectangular groove contour. 
     Using a configuration of this type, it is, on the one hand, possible that a sufficient torque transmission and smooth running during normal operation of the passage barrier is brought about and, on the other hand, in the event of a torque peak, as can for example be caused by vandalism (occurring in front of the barrier element), to safely absorb said torque peak and reduce the risk that the drive suffers mechanical damage. 
     The passage barrier has a drive, with the drive having a drive unit and an output unit. The drive unit, the output unit and the barrier element are operatively connected in such manner that the barrier element is movable via the output unit, which is operatively connected to the drive unit, into a position closing the gate region and into a position releasing the gate region. 
     The output unit can in turn be connected to a force transmission element in such manner that mechanical movement energy can be transmitted from the output unit to the force transmission unit. The force transmission element serves here in particular to move barrier elements. 
     The output unit can comprise other mechanical components, such as for example bearing, gear arrangements, deflection rollers, etc. 
     According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the disclosure, the output unit can comprise a hollow shaft. The hollow shaft has an outer shell surface and an inner shell surface, with the inner shell surface and the drive unit being configured in such manner that the inner shell surface surrounds the drive unit at least in sections, preferably completely. In this way, an improved acoustic encapsulation of the drive unit is brought about, whereby a smooth and quiet operation of the drive of the passage barrier can be implemented. 
     Moreover, the hollow shaft can have a barrier element mount, with the barrier element mount being formed to fix a barrier element on the hollow shaft. The barrier element mount is preferably arranged on the outer shell surface of the hollow shaft and formed integrally with the hollow shaft. In this way, a very cost-effective barrier element mount can be implemented since the barrier element mount is formed integrally in or on the hollow shaft. 
     The hollow shaft can be formed of a metal material, particularly preferably aluminum. However, it is also conceivable that the hollow shaft is formed of a plastic, in particular a fiber-reinforced plastic. 
     It is particularly preferred to form the hollow shaft as an extrusion or cast part. In particular, forming the hollow shaft as an extrusion has the advantage that barrier element mounts of any length can be manufactured in practice by the corresponding extrusion profile being easily separated to the desired length. 
     Moreover, it is preferred that the drive unit has a drive axis which coincides with the axis of rotation of the hollow shaft. In this way, a particularly simple mode of operation of a drive can be implemented. 
     According to another, advantageous configuration of the disclosure, the hollow shaft is mounted so as to be rotatable with respect to the guide element. Essentially, it is, however, also conceivable that the hollow shaft is mounted so as to be rotatable with respect to a wall, in particular a building wall. 
     It is also conceivable that the drive comprises a plurality of drive units. The plurality of drive units can preferably be surrounded by the inner shell surface of the hollow shaft at least partially, preferably completely. By arranging a plurality of drive units, a flexible and safe mode of operation of the passage barrier can be achieved, for example in the case of failure of one drive unit or by adding a drive unit in the case of required, larger drive power at the barrier element in order to be able to achieve for example a safe closure even against a physical resistance. 
     The hollow shaft can be fixed by means of one or a plurality of bearing elements on a guide element or a building wall in such manner that a mounted rotation of the hollow shaft with respect to a guide element or a building wall is made possible. 
     In a preferred design of the disclosure, at least one bearing element is arranged on a distal end of the hollow shaft. It is particularly preferred that in each case one bearing element is arranged in each case on a distal end of the hollow shaft. 
     The fixing of the bearing elements on a guide element can in particular be configured in such manner that they can be fixed on or in a guide element so as to be detachable. 
     According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the disclosure, the inner shell surface of the hollow shaft has a torque reception element. In this way, a torque can be transmitted directly from a drive unit to the hollow shaft. A torque reception element can in particular be formed for a frictional and/or positive torque transmission. 
     In order to form a frictional torque transmission, provision can be made according to a preferred configuration of the disclosure for the inner shell surface of the hollow shaft to have a top surface roughness value of R 0.15 to R 1.0. 
     According to another preferred embodiment of the disclosure, the torque transmission element of the hollow shaft comprises a torque reception toothing to form a positive torque transmission. Through the torque reception toothing, a very safe transmission even of larger torques to the hollow shaft is also made possible. 
     It can be provided that the torque reception toothing is formed integrally with the inner shell surface of the hollow shaft. In this connection, it is particularly preferred that the hollow shaft, as already described above, is formed as an extrusion or cast part. Through the integral formation of the torque reception toothing with the inner shell surface of the hollow shaft, a particularly simple and cost-effectively manufacturable type of torque transmission is implemented. 
     In another advantageous configuration of the disclosure, it is provided that the barrier element mount is formed substantially in a U-shape, with the barrier element being fixable between the limbs of the U-shaped barrier element mount, whereby a safer hold of an in particular plate-shaped barrier element can be implemented in the barrier element mount. 
     The barrier element mount can in particular be formed to fix a plate-shaped barrier element on the hollow shaft. 
     In order to fix the barrier element in the barrier element mount in a materially-bonded manner, in a preferred configuration of the disclosure, at least two adhesive grooves to receive an adhesive can be provided on the inside at the base of the U-shaped barrier element mount and on both limbs of the U-shaped barrier element mount on the inside, at least two opposing adhesive grooves to receive an adhesive can be provided. 
     In order to produce a materially-bonded connection, in particular adhesive connection, between the barrier element and the barrier element mount, a method is preferred in which the following steps are included:
     a) applying an adhesive into the adhesive grooves of the barrier element mount by means of a nozzle, which has nozzle openings in the number of adhesive grooves,   b) inserting the plate-shaped barrier element into the barrier element mount   c) hardening of the adhesive   

     It is also preferred that a plurality of drive units comprises substantially the same drive units. The same electric motors would for example preferably be used here, whereby the complexity and number of variants of a passage barrier is reduced. 
     The passage barrier is configured in such manner that the passage barrier has guide elements, with the guide elements comprising a first guide element and a second guide element, with the first guide element and the second guide element cooperating in such manner that they define a gate region, through which a person passes from an entrance region into a passage region. The guide elements therefore represent a physical barrier to guide a flow of people from the entrance region, through the gate region into a passage region. 
     A guide element can be formed as a housing-type mount of mechanical, hydraulic and/or electrical components of the passage barrier. The guide element can partially or completely surround individual groups of or all components of the passage barrier. Furthermore, mechanical, hydraulic and/or electrical components of the passage barrier can be arranged on the guide element, without being partially or completely surrounded by it. 
     One or a plurality of electrical, electronic and/or mechanical component(s) required in order to operate a passage barrier can be mounted on and/or in the guide element, in particular selected from the group of drive units, gears, controllers, safety apparatuses, monitoring apparatuses, monitoring systems, pulse sensors, locking apparatuses, power supply, energy storage devices, force transmission elements, etc. 
     A guide element can have any spatial shape suited to mounting the components or determining the gate region of the passage barrier. A guide element can in particular be formed in a wall-like manner. Wall-like in the sense of this application designates a perpendicular part, whose extension in length and height is much greater than in depth. 
     The guide elements can in particular be arranged parallel to one another. 
     The gate region, which is defined by the guide elements, can have a substantially square, rectangular, parallelogram-like base surface. However, circular-arc-shaped, curved or circular-segment-like base surfaces are also conceivable. 
     Furthermore, it is preferred that the guide elements have substantially identical outer geometries. In this way, the complexity and number of variants for passage barriers&#39; and corresponding systems, which are formed of a plurality of passage barriers, can be further reduced. 
     The guide elements can for example be formed of a profile structure, which is fully or at least partially covered by cover elements. The cover elements can for example be formed of glass, plastic or metal as well as of a combination of these materials. In the sense of this application, a guide element can also be formed as part of a building structure, for example as a building wall. 
     A guide element can have at least one profile attachment element for attaching at least one profile of a guide element to the base of a building structure. 
     According to a preferred configuration of the disclosure, the profile attachment element has a vertical profile mount for mounting a vertically running profile on the profile attachment element and a horizontal profile feedthrough for feeding a horizontally running profile through the profile attachment element. Sensors for detecting objects inside the gate region can be arranged on and/or in the horizontally running profile in an advantageous further development of the disclosure. Furthermore, the drive of the passage barrier can preferably be arranged on and/or in the vertically running profile. 
     Furthermore, means for mechanically fixing electrical components of the passage barrier can be provided on the profile attachment element. These means can for example be selected from the group of screw connections, latch connections, snap-latch connections, clamping connections, insert connections, etc. 
     The profile attachment element can be in particular a cast part, in particular a metallic die-cast part. 
     The profile attachment element can also have at least one cable feedthrough, through which in particular electrical lines of an electrical component are guided from outside of the profile attachment element into the profile attachment element. 
     According to an advantageous further development of the disclosure, the profile attachment element can have at least two opposing cable feedthroughs, which are separated from one another by a partition wall. 
     Lastly, it is preferred that the cable feedthroughs are positioned on the side surfaces of the profile attachment element facing the gate region in order to ensure a simple and safe electrical assembly on both sides of a guide element. 
     The passage barrier comprises at least one barrier element, with the barrier element being arranged inside the gate region, with the barrier element, the first guide element and the second guide element cooperating in such manner that a passage of a person from the entrance region into the passage region can be prevented and/or enabled. 
     The barrier element is a movable element, which is used to close and/or open an entry opening in the gate region of the passage barrier to prevent and/or enable the passage of a person. 
     A barrier element can in particular be formed as a door leaf, as a turnstile, barrier bar or the like. 
     The closing and/or opening of the entry opening of the passage barrier by the barrier element can take place by rotating, pivoting, sliding or any combination thereof. 
     The drive can advantageously have a locking apparatus. Using the locking apparatus, a movement of the barrier element is in particular mechanically and/or electrically and/or magnetically preventable. 
     In this case, it is particularly preferably provided that the locking apparatus is wirelessly connected to the controller of the passage barrier. The locking apparatus can also be connected via an insert connection to the controller, with no additional cables being required to connect controller and locking apparatus. 
     It is also particularly preferably provided that the locking apparatus prevents a movement of the drive unit in order to prevent a movement of a barrier element. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the locking apparatus prevents a movement of the output. Lastly, it can alternatively or additionally be provided that the locking apparatus prevents a movement of a gear between drive unit and output. 
     Preventing the movement can in particular be implemented by a latching element which can be transferred from a locking position into a release position along a working direction. 
     The passage barrier can also have a stop disc, which comprises a toothing engagement, which is engaged with the torque transmission toothing of the locking apparatus. The stop disc has on its stop disc circumferential surface a stop lug which protrudes radially from the stop disc circumferential surface, and cooperates with a stop element arranged on the vertically running profile in such manner that a rotation of the stop disc is delimited by the stopping of the stop lug against the stop element. 
     The stop disc and the stop lug are particularly preferably formed monolithically. In this way, the stop disc can be particularly easily and cost-effectively manufactured. 
     The torque transmission toothing of the locking apparatus in particular has a plurality of teeth, in particular preferably 3 teeth which protrude from the locking apparatus parallel to the vertically running profile. It is also preferred that the plurality of teeth of the torque transmission toothing are arranged in a circle with regular, identical circle division. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the stop disc comprises a plurality of toothing engagements corresponding to the plurality of teeth of the torque transmission toothing which are arranged in a circle with a regular, identical circle division. 
     According to a preferred configuration, the stop lug of the stop disc is arranged opposite a toothing engagement. 
     Furthermore, it is preferred that the stop element is arranged in the vertically running profile so as to be displaceable. In this way, the locking apparatus and the stop disc as well as the stop element can be positioned in relation to one another in a very simple and ergonomic manner. 
     In a preferred further development of the disclosure, the stop element has an in particular semi-circular recess which is configured in such manner that it comprises the stop disc. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Further measures that improve the disclosure will be outlined in greater detail below with the description of preferred exemplary embodiments of the disclosure on the basis of the figures. In this case, the features mentioned in the claims and in the description may each be essential to the disclosure individually by themselves or in any combination. In this case, it must be noted that the figures have only a descriptive character and are not intended to limit the disclosure in any way. 
       They show: 
         FIG.  1    passage barrier in perspective view 
         FIG.  2    drive in perspective view 
         FIG.  3    drive in longitudinal section view 
         FIG.  4    drive unit in perspective view 
         FIG.  5    output as a hollow shaft in top view 
         FIG.  6    hollow shaft with torque transmission element in top view 
         FIG.  7    torque transmission element in perspective view 
         FIG.  8    hub and hub covering in sectioned view 
         FIG.  9    arrangement of the drive unit in the hollow shaft in top view 
         FIG.  10    drive unit, hollow shaft and bearing element in perspective view 
         FIG.  11    locking apparatus and hollow shaft in perspective view 
         FIG.  12    profile attachment element in perspective view 
         FIG.  13    profile attachment element with vertical and horizontal profiles 
         FIG.  14    profile attachment element in a sectioned representation 
         FIG.  15    barrier element mount in cross-sectional view 
         FIG.  16    production of an adhesive bond between barrier element and barrier element mount 
         FIG.  17    barrier element mount with inserted barrier element 
         FIG.  18    passage barrier with vertically running profile, locking apparatus, stop disc, hollow shaft in an exploded representation 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG.  1    shows a passage barrier  1 , with the passage barrier  1  having guide elements  2   a,    2   b,  with the guide elements  2   a,    2   b  comprising a first guide element  2   a  and the guide elements  2   a,    2   b  comprising a second guide element  2   b,  with the first guide element  2   a  and the second guide element  2   b  cooperating in such manner that they define a gate region  3 , through which a person passes from an entrance region  4  into a passage region  5 . The guide elements  2   a,    2   b  are formed substantially in a wall-like manner and are arranged parallel to one another. As shown in  FIG.  1   , the guide elements  2   a,    2   b  can be formed substantially identically in order to allow a modular-like structure of a passage barrier  1 . 
     In the entry direction, symbolized in  FIG.  1    by the arrow, the entrance region  4  is located in front of the guide elements  2   a,    2   b,  through which a user of the passage barrier  1  accesses the gate region  3 . When passing through the gate region  3  of the passage barrier  1 , the user then enters into the passage region  5  in the entry direction behind the guide elements  2   a,    2   b.    
     The passage barrier  1  also comprises at least one barrier element  6   a,    6   b,  with the barrier element  6   a,    6   b  being arranged inside the gate region  3 . The barrier element  6   a,    6   b,  the first guide element  2   a  and the second guide element  2   b  cooperate in such manner that the passage of a person from the entrance region  4  into the passage region  5  can be prevented and/or enabled. In the represented exemplary embodiment, one barrier element  6   a,    6   b  is in each case arranged on each of the guide elements  2   a,    2   b.  The barrier elements  6   a,    6   b  are formed in the shape of door leaves. In the represented exemplary embodiment, the barrier elements  6   a,    6   b  are formed from a transparent material, such as for example glass or plastic. 
     The barrier elements  6   a,    6   b  are arranged in a barrier element mount of the drive  7 , as is explained in more detail in the following figures. 
     The passage barrier  1  also has a drive  7 , with the drive  7  having a drive unit  8  and with the drive  7  having an output unit  9 , with the drive unit  8 , the output unit  9  and the barrier element  6   a,    6   b  being operatively connected in such manner that the barrier element  6   a,    6   b  is movable by means of the drive unit  8  into a position closing the gate region  3  and into a position releasing the gate region  3 . 
     The drive  7  is explained in more detail on the basis of  FIG.  2    and  FIG.  3   . The output unit  9  comprises a hollow shaft  10 , with the hollow shaft  10  having an outer shell surface  11  and the hollow shaft  10  having an inner shell surface  12 , with the inner shell surface  12  and the drive unit  8  being configured in such manner that the inner shell surface  12  surrounds the drive unit  8  at least in sections, preferably, as shown, completely. 
     The drive unit  8  is formed as an electric motor in the represented exemplary embodiment. 
     The hollow shaft  10  also has a barrier element mount  13 , with the barrier element mount  13  being formed to fix a barrier element  6   a,    6   b  on the hollow shaft  10 . The barrier element mount  13  is arranged on the outer shell surface  11  of the hollow shaft  10  and formed integrally with the hollow shaft  10 . To this end, the hollow shaft  10  is formed as an extrusion or cast part in the exemplary embodiment shown. 
     The barrier element mount  13  is formed substantially U-shaped, and the barrier element  6  (not shown) can be fixed between the limbs of the U-shaped barrier element mount  13 . 
     The hollow shaft  10  is fixed by means of bearing elements  20   a,    20   b  on the profile  39  in such manner that a rotation of the hollow shaft  10  with respect to a guide element  2   a,    2   b  (not shown) is made possible. The bearing elements  20   a,    20   b  are each arranged on a distal end of the hollow shaft  10 . The fixing can in particular be configured in such manner that it is possible to displace the bearing elements  20   a,    20   b  inside the profile  39 . It is also advantageous to configure the bearing elements  20   a,    20   b  in such manner that they can be fixed on or in the profile  39  so as to be detachable. 
     A locking apparatus  19  can be arranged on a distal end of the hollow shaft  10 , as represented in  FIG.  2   , between the hollow shaft  10  and a bearing element  20   b  in order to prevent a movement of the hollow shaft  10  and consequently of the barrier element  6 , in particular mechanically and/or electrically and/or magnetically and therefore to exclude any unauthorized opening and/or closing of the barrier element. 
       FIG.  3    shows a longitudinal sectioned view of the drive  7  known from  FIG.  2   . It can be seen that the drive unit  8  is formed as an electric motor and is arranged in the upper head region of the hollow shaft  10 . The drive unit  8  is dimensioned in such manner that it can be pushed into the hollow shaft  10  along the inner shell surface  12  and is securely positioned in the hollow shaft  10 . More detail will be provided on this later. 
     The positioning of the drive unit  8  along the axis of rotation of the hollow shaft  10  is defined by means of a torque transmission element  14  which can also be pushed into the hollow shaft  10 . The torque transmission element  14  can be inserted in a frictional and/or positive manner into the hollow shaft  10  in order to implement a torque transmission from the drive unit  8  via the torque transmission element  14  to the hollow shaft  10 .  
     It can also be inferred from  FIG.  3    that the drive unit  8  has a drive axis which coincides with the axis of rotation of the hollow shaft  10 . The configuration of the drive  7 , 
     as it is shown in  FIGS.  2  to  3    in its arrangement inside the hollow shaft  10 , is explained further on the basis of  FIG.  4   . It can be seen that the drive unit  7  is formed in a tubular shape and that torque transmission elements  18   a,    18   b  are each arranged on the distal ends of the tubular drive unit  7 . The torque transmission element  18   b  is connected to the output shaft of the drive unit  7 , while the torque transmission element  18   a  is fixed on the housing of the drive unit  7  that is not rotating. It is preferred that the drive  7  is arranged in the hollow shaft  10  in this configuration. 
     The hollow shaft  10  is described below in more detail on the basis of  FIG.  5   . 
     It can be seen that the inner shell surface  12  has a torque reception element which is formed as a torque reception toothing  15 . The torque reception toothing  15  is formed integrally with the inner shell surface  12  of the hollow shaft  10 . If the hollow shaft  10  has preferably been formed by means of an extrusion process, the torque reception toothing  15  of the hollow shaft  10  extends over its entire length of the inner shell surface  12 . 
     It can also be seen that the torque reception toothing  15  is formed of torque reception webs  16   a - 1 ,  16   a - 2 ,  16   a - 3 ,  16   b - 1 ,  16   b - 2 ,  16   b - 3  and torque reception grooves  17   a ,  17   b ,  17   c ,  17   d ,  17   e ,  17   f  arranged between the torque reception webs  16   a - 1 ,  16   a - 2 ,  16   a - 3 ,  16   b - 1 ,  16   b - 2 ,  16   b - 3 .  
     It is also discernible that the torque reception webs  16   a - 1 ,  16   a - 2 ,  16   a - 3 ,  16   b - 1 ,  16   b - 2 ,  16   b - 3  comprise a first group of torque reception webs  16   a - 1 ,  16   a - 2 ,  16   a - 3  and a second group of torque reception webs  16   b - 1 ,  16   b - 2 ,  16   b - 3 , with the first group of torque reception webs  16   a - 1 ,  16   a - 2 ,  16   a - 3  being geometrically different from the second group of torque reception webs  16   b - 1 ,  16   b - 2 ,  16   b - 3 . In the particularly preferred configuration shown, torque reception webs  16   a - 1 ,  16   a - 2 ,  16   a - 3  of the first group and torque reception webs  16   b - 1 ,  16   b - 2 ,  16   b - 3  of the second group are each opposite one another. A corresponding torque transmission element  18  (not shown) can be inserted into the hollow shaft  10  in exactly the correct position by means of this configuration. More detail will be given on this below on the basis of  FIG.  6   . 
       FIG.  7    shows a torque transmission element  18  which is inserted into the torque reception toothing  15  of the hollow shaft  10 . The torque transmission element  18  is formed as a hub, which has a hub inner toothing  28  and a hub outer toothing  29 . 
     The hub outer toothing  29  comprises torque transmission grooves  30   a - 1 ,  30   a - 2 ,  30   a - 3 ,  30   b - 1 ,  30   b - 2 ,  30   b - 3 , which are formed to be engaged with the corresponding torque reception webs  16   a - 1 ,  16   a - 2 ,  16   a - 3 ,  16   b - 1 ,  16   b - 2 ,  16   b - 3  in the inserted state of the hub toothing  29  in the hollow shaft  10 . 
     It is also discernible that torque transmission grooves  30   a - 1 ,  30   a - 2 ,  30   a - 3 ,  30   b - 1 ,  30   b - 2 ,  30   b - 3  comprise a first group of torque transmission grooves  30   a - 1 ,  30   a - 2 ,  30   a - 3  and a second group of torque transmission grooves  30   b - 1 ,  30   b - 2 ,  30   b - 3 , with the first group of torque transmission grooves  30   a - 1 ,  30   a - 2 ,  30   a - 3  being geometrically different from the second group of torque transmission grooves  30   b - 1 ,  30   b - 2 ,  30   b - 3 . In the particularly preferred configuration shown, torque transmission grooves  30   a - 1 ,  30   a - 2 ,  30   a - 3  of the first group and torque transmission grooves  30   b - 1 ,  30   b - 2 ,  30   b - 3  of the second group are each opposite one another. 
     The torque transmission element  18  preferably also has a positioning aid  33  which visually indicates a positioning of the torque transmission element  18  with respect to the hollow shaft  10  and/or the barrier element mount  13 . The positioning aid  33  can be formed as an opening, borehole, colored marking, engraving, web or similar. The positioning aid  33 , as shown in  FIG.  8   , is particularly preferably arranged on a common axis with the torque reception groove  30   a - 3  and  30   b - 1  and the axis of rotation of the hub inner toothing  28 . 
     In  FIG.  8   , a particularly preferred configuration of a torque transmission element  18  is depicted in a sectioned representation. The torque transmission element  18  comprises a hub  26  and a hub covering  27  here. The hub  26  and the hub covering  27  are formed here of different materials, which is indicated by the hatchings in  FIG.  8   . The hub covering  27  is preferably formed of an elastic material and the hub of a non-elastic material. The hub covering  27  is formed of a rubber-like material, in particular India rubber, with natural India rubber particularly preferably being used. Moreover, the hub is preferably formed of a metallic material, in particular of steel. 
     The hub  26  has a triangular base contour, with the corners of the triangular base contour being replaced for concave circular-arc-shaped grooves. In this way, a particularly good fixing of the hub covering  27  and the hub  26  is in particular achieved. 
     The hub also preferably has openings  34   a - f,  through which the hub covering  27  engages in order to thus bring about an improved fixing of the hub covering  27  and of the hub  26 . 
     The hub outer toothing  28  is formed on the hub covering  27 . As already explained in  FIG.  7   , the hub outer toothing  29  comprises torque transmission grooves  30   a - 1 ,  30   a - 2 ,  30   a - 3 ,  30   b - 1 ,  30   b - 2 ,  30   b - 3 , which are formed to be engaged with the corresponding torque reception webs  16   a - 1 ,  16   a - 2 ,  16   a - 3 ,  16   b - 1 ,  16   b - 2 ,  16   b - 3  in the inserted state of the hub toothing  29  in the hollow shaft  10 . 
     As a result the hub outer toothing  28  is manufactured from an elastic material in the exemplary embodiment shown in  FIG.  8   , a torque transmission element  18  configured in this manner can particularly advantageous absorb torque peaks and vibrations and as a result ensure a particularly safe and low-noise operation of the drive  7 . This configuration also offers the advantage of providing simple, but effective torque overload protection in order to prevent mechanical damage in particular to the torque reception toothing on the inner shell surface of the hollow shaft. 
     In addition to the elastic configuration of the covering of the torque transmission element  18 , the special geometric formation of the torque transmission element  18  also improves the torque overload protection and the smooth running of the drive of the passage barrier  1 . To this end, the torque transmission element  18  has a first group of torque transmission grooves  30   a - 1 ,  30   a - 2 ,  30   a - 3 , which have a circular-arc-shaped contour and the second group of torque transmission grooves  30   b - 1 ,  30   b - 2 ,  30   b - 3  which have a rectangular contour. The opening width Bk of the circular-arc-shaped groove contour of the first group of torque transmission grooves  30   a - 1 ,  30   a - 2 ,  30   a - 3  is preferably greater than the opening width Br of the rectangular groove contour of the second group of torque transmission grooves  30   b - 1 ,  30   b - 2 ,  30   b - 3 , with the opening width Bk of the circular-arc-shaped groove contour in particular being 4 to 10 times, in particular preferably 5 to 8 times greater than the opening width Br of the rectangular groove contour. 
       FIG.  9    shows the arrangement of a drive unit  8  in the hollow shaft  10 . It can be seen that the drive unit  8  in no way has direct contact points with the hollow shaft  10 , whereby a transmission of vibrations and structure-borne noise from the drive unit  8  to the hollow shaft  10  is prevented and a low-noise operation of the passage barrier  1  is made possible. As a result, the mechanical and therefore also acoustic coupling preferably takes place via a hub  26 , which is formed with an elastic hub covering  27 , between the drive unit  8  and the hollow shaft  10 , the smooth running of the passage barrier  1  can be further improved. 
       FIG.  10    shows a bearing element  20   a  which is couplable with a torque transmission element  18  of the drive unit  8  which is arranged in the hollow shaft  10 . To this end, the bearing element  20   a  has an opening with an inner shell surface  21 . The inner shell surface  21  is configured in such manner that it is formed as a torque reception element  22  for torque-transmitting coupling with the torque transmission element  18 . The torque reception element  22  of the bearing element  20   a  therefore comprises a torque reception toothing  23  which is configured to engage into a complementary torque transmission toothing  29  of the torque transmission element  18 . 
     The torque reception toothing  23  of the bearing element  20   a  has a plurality of torque reception webs  24  and torque reception grooves  25  which are formed on the inner shell surface  21  of the bearing element  20   a.    
     The dimensioning and geometric configuration of the torque reception webs  24  and torque reception grooves  25  of the bearing element  20   a  correspond substantially to the dimensioning and geometric configuration of the torque reception webs  16  and torque reception grooves  17  of the hollow shaft  10 . 
     The bearing element  20   a  can be fixed, for example via a screw connection, on a guide element  2  of the passage barrier  1 , so as to be detachable.  
     According to a further preferred configuration of the disclosure, a locking apparatus  19  can be provided on a distal end of the hollow shaft  10  which is shown in  FIG.  11    and is described below. 
     The locking apparatus  19  is preferably formed as a toothed brake. The locking apparatus  19  has a torque transmission toothing  35 , which is formed such that it can engage into the complementary torque reception toothing  15  of the hollow shaft  10 . In this way, the locking apparatus  19  can be coupled with the hollow shaft  10  in a torque-transmitting manner by simply inserting it into the hollow shaft. The locking apparatus can be configured in particular as a toothed brake. 
       FIG.  12    shows a profile attachment element  36  which is used in a guide element  2   a,    2   b  in order to provide an attachment of at least one profile of a guide element  2   a,    2   b  on the base of a building structure. 
     The profile attachment element  36  has a vertical profile mount  37  for mounting a vertically running profile  39  (represented in  FIG.  13   ) on the profile attachment element  36 . 
     The profile attachment element  36  also has a horizontal profile feedthrough  38  for feeding a horizontally running profile  40  (represented in  FIG.  13   ) through the profile attachment element  36 . 
     Moreover, means  41   a,    41   b  are provided on the profile attachment element  36  to mechanically fix electrical components  43  (represented in  FIG.  13   ) of the passage barrier  1 . 
     The profile attachment element  36  has a substantially square spatial shape, with the longitudinal sides of the profile attachment element  36  extending in the vertical direction in the mounted state. The elements of the profile attachment element  36 , which are arranged on the sides of the square profile attachment element  36  facing the gate region  3  of the passage barrier  1 , are marked with the additional reference numeral a or b. 
     In particular, sensors (not represented) for detecting objects within the gate region  3  can also be arranged on and/or in the horizontally running profile  40 , which runs through the horizontal profile feedthrough  38  of the profile attachment element  36 . 
     Furthermore, the drive  7  of the passage barrier  1  can be arranged on and/or in the vertically running profile  39 , it is for example shown in  FIG.  2   . 
     The profile attachment element  36  is formed as a cast part, in particular a metallic die-cast part. 
     Furthermore, the profile attachment element  36  has a first cable feedthrough  42   a  and a second cable feedthrough  42   b,  with the first cable feedthrough  42   a  and the second cable feedthrough  42   b  being located opposite one another and each being arranged on the sides of the profile attachment element  36  facing the gate region. Electrical lines of an electrical component  43  (represented in  FIG.  13   ) are in particular guided through the cable feedthroughs  42   a,    42   b  from outside of the profile attachment element  36  into the profile attachment element  36 . 
     The opposing cable feedthroughs  42   a,    42   b  are separated from one another by a partition wall  44 ,  44   a,    44   b.  The partition wall  44 ,  44   a,    44   b  runs substantially diagonally through the square profile attachment element  36  as is easily visible in  FIG.  14   . In this way, it can be ensured that cables can be guided from an electrical component  43  only in a predetermined space of the profile attachment element  36  or of a guide element  2   a,    2   b,  whereby the risk of possible incorrect wiring of electrical components  43  in the passage barrier  1  can be minimized. 
       FIG.  15    shows the hollow shaft  10  with a barrier element mount  13 , with the barrier element mount  13  being formed for fixing a plate-shaped barrier element  6   a,    6   b  (not shown) on the hollow shaft ( 10 ). The barrier element mount  13  is formed substantially U-shaped and the barrier element  6  is fixed between the limbs of the U-shaped barrier element mount  13 , which is shown in greater detail in  FIG.  17   . 
     At least two adhesive grooves  52   a,    52   b  are provided for receiving an adhesive  55  on the inside at the base of the U-shaped barrier element mount  13 . Furthermore, at least two opposing adhesive grooves  53   a,    53   b  are provided for receiving an adhesive  55  on the inside on both limbs of the U-shaped barrier element mount  13 . 
     Furthermore, opposing grooves  54   a,    54   b  are formed on the inside on the distal ends of the U-shaped barrier element mount  13 . 
     A method for producing a materially-bonded connection between the barrier element mount  13  and a barrier element  6  is explained in more detail on the basis of  FIG.  16   . Firstly, a nozzle  56  is inserted into the barrier element mount  13  and then an adhesive is introduced into the adhesive grooves  52   a,    52   b,    53   a,    53   b  of the barrier element mount  13  by means of a nozzle  56 . The nozzle  56  has nozzle openings  57   a,    57   b,    57   c,    57   d  corresponding with the number of adhesive grooves  52   a,    52   b,    53   a,    53   b,  with the nozzle openings  57   a,    57   b,    57   c,    57   d  being configured such that they apply the adhesive  55  into the corresponding adhesive grooves  52   a,    52   b,    53   a,    53   b.    
     After removing the nozzle  56  from the barrier element mount  13 , the plate-shaped barrier element  6  is inserted into the barrier element mount  13  and the adhesive  55  is hardened. This state is shown in  FIG.  17   . 
       FIG.  18    shows the passage barrier according to the disclosure with vertically running profile  39 , with a locking apparatus  19  arranged on the profile  39 , a stop disc  56  couplable to the locking apparatus  19 , a hollow shaft  10  couplable to the locking apparatus  19  in an exploded representation, with the right image showing the arrangement with stop element  32  arranged on the locking apparatus  19 . 
     A locking apparatus  19  is arranged on the vertically running profile  3 . The locking apparatus  19  has a torque transmission toothing  35 , which engages into a complementary torque reception toothing  15  of the hollow shaft  10 . A circular stop disc  56  is also present, which has a toothing engagement  57 , which is engaged with the torque transmission toothing  35  of the locking apparatus  19 . 
     The stop disc  56  has on its stop disc circumferential surface  59  a stop lug  58  which protrudes radially from the stop disc circumferential surface  59 . The stop lug  58  cooperates with a stop element  32  arranged on the vertically running profile  39  in such manner that a rotation of the stop disc  56  is delimited by the stopping of the stop lug  58  against the stop element  32 . 
     The stop disc  56  and the stop lug  58  are formed monolithically. 
     The torque transmission toothing  35  has three teeth in the embodiment shown which protrude from the locking apparatus  14  parallel to the vertically running profile  39 . The plurality of teeth of the torque transmission toothing  35  is arranged in a circle with a regular, identical circle division. 
     It is easily discernible on the basis of  FIG.  18    that the stop disc  56  comprises a plurality of toothing engagements  57  corresponding to the plurality of teeth of the torque transmission toothing  35  which are arranged in a circle with a regular identical circle division. The toothing engagements  57  are arranged as openings in the stop disc  56  through which the torque transmission toothing  35  engages. 
     In the exemplary embodiment shown, the stop lug  58  of the stop disc  56  is arranged opposite a toothing engagement  57 . In this configuration shown, a barrier element arranged on the hollow shaft  10  can be rotated in two directions by 90° before the stop lug  58  abuts against the stop element  32  and the opening angle of the barrier element is thus mechanically delimited. 
     The stop element  32  is arranged in the vertically running profile  39  so as to be displaceable. It has a semi-circular recess which is configured in such manner that it comprises the stop disc  56 . 
     When assembling the passage barrier, the following steps are then carried out in any order:
         Arrangement of the locking apparatus  19  on the vertically running profile  39  of a guide element,   Arrangement of the stop element  32  on the vertically running profile  39  of the guide element,   Arrangement of a stop disc  56  on the locking apparatus  19  and subsequent arrangement of the hollow shaft  10  on the locking apparatus  19