Patent Publication Number: US-8537478-B2

Title: Lens barrel, camera and mobile information terminal

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 11/572,750 filed Jan. 26, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,000,042, issued Aug. 16, 2011, which claims the priority benefit under 35 U.S.C. 119 to each of Japanese Patent Application 2004-217539 filed on Jul. 26, 2004, Japanese Patent Application 2005-044909 filed on Feb. 22, 2005, and Japanese Patent Application 2005-127226 filed on Apr. 25, 2005. In addition, the present application is related to the U.S. Pat. No. 7,218,460, issued May 15, 2007 entitled “Lens Barrel, Camera and Portable Information Terminal” which claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-217927, filed on Jul. 26, 2004. In addition, the present application is related to the U.S. Pat. No. 7,455,465, issued Nov. 25, 2008 entitled “Optical System Apparatus, Camera and Portable Information Terminal Apparatus”, which claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-217932, filed on Jul. 26, 2004, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-348005, filed on Dec. 1, 2004. The contents of each of the above-identified applications are incorporated herein by reference. U.S. Pat. No. 8,000,042 is the national stage of PCT/JP2005/13989 filed Jul. 25, 2005. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a lens barrel capable of retracting at least one of a plurality of lens groups out of an optical axis when the lens barrel is in collapsed position, a camera using the lens barrel, and a mobile information terminal using the lens barrel. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     Conventionally, in an imaging device such as a digital camera, with advance in a high performance of a lens barrel having a zoom lens function capable of changing a focal distance, or miniaturization of the imaging device according to the user&#39;s demand, there has been increasingly used a collapsible lens barrel in which a plurality of lens groups are collapsed when is not in photograph. 
     Furthermore, because of the demand for not only simple reduction in dimension, but also further reduction in thickness, it is now important to reduce the thickness of the lens barrel in a collapsed position to the maximum position. As a technology to cope with the demand for reduction in thickness of the lens barrel, there has been used a collapsible lens barrel in which a lens cylinder retaining therein a plurality of lens groups is collapsed into the imaging device when not in use, and one of the lens groups is retracted out of an optical axis of the lens groups when the lens groups are collapsed. 
     A technology for retracting one of lens groups out of an optical axis is disclosed in, for example, JP No. 2003-315861 A (Patent Document 1) and JP No. 2003-149723 A (Patent Document 2). According to the structures disclosed in these Patent Documents 1 and 2, since one of a plurality of lens groups disposed on the optical axis is retracted out of the optical axis when the lens groups are collapsed, the entire dimension of the lens barrel in a direction of the optical axis can be reduced. 
     However, in the structures disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 as described above, the lens retracted out of the optical axis is substantially positioned within a collapsible lens cylinder provided in the lens barrel to retain therein the lens groups, even after the lens is retracted. Therefore, a space sufficient to contain the retracted lens must be provided in the lens cylinder. Providing such a space in the lens cylinder results in a larger diameter of the lens cylinder, eventually a larger size of the lens barrel within a plane transverse to the optical axis. 
     Accordingly, there is a problem that the conventional lens barrel has a large diameter by provision of the space containing the retracted lens in the lens barrel. 
     Meanwhile, substituting for a conventional silver-salt camera using a silver-salt film, there has been used rapidly a camera of a type as referred to as a digital camera or electronic camera and generalized in which a subject is imaged on a solid-state image sensing device such as a CCD (charge-coupled device), for example, to acquire imaging data of a still or moving subject, and the imaging data are recorded digitally in a non-volatile semi-conductor memory or the like which is typified by a flush memory. 
     Digital cameras have a very large market, and needs of users for the digital cameras include various things. High-quality picture and miniaturized digital cameras are desired always by the users and occupy a large weight. 
     Therefore, both high performance and miniaturization are required for a zoom lens used as a photographic lens. In a miniaturized camera, it is necessary to reduce the entire length of a lens unit when it is used, that is to say, a distance between the nearest lens surface of the lens unit to a subject and an imaging plane of the camera. 
     It is also important to reduce the entire length of the lens unit when it is collapsed in a body of the camera by thinning each lens group of the lens unit. Furthermore, it is required for the high performance of the zoom lens that the zoom lens has a resolving power which corresponds to the image sensing device having at least about three to five million pixels or more throughout a zoom area. 
     A many of users desire a photograph lens having a wide angle, it is desired that a semi-field angle at a wide angle position of a zoom lens is 38 degrees or more. The semi-field angle of 38 degrees corresponds to a focal length of 28 mm in the conversion to a silver salt camera of 35 mm using a silver salt film of 35 mm size or Leica size. Furthermore, a camera having a possible large zooming changing magnification ratio is also desired. If a zoom lens has a focal length of a range of 28 to 135 mm in the conversion to the silver salt camera of 35 mm, the zoom lens can take usual photographs almost. A changing magnification ratio of such a zoom lens is about 4.8 times. 
     Therefore, it is needed that a similar to or more changing magnification ratio than the above-mentioned changing magnification ratio is requested for a digital camera. 
     Although various zoom lens units for digital cameras are used, it is difficult to decrease the entire thickness of a lens unit including five lens groups or more, the lens unit is not suitable for miniaturization of the lens unit. 
     There is known a zoom lens unit having a changing magnification ratio of three (3) times, as a more general type. The zoom lens unit includes a first lens group having a negative focal length or negative refracting power, a second lens group having a positive focal length or positive refracting power, and a third lens group having a positive refracting power which are disposed in sequence from a subject, and an aperture stop disposed in a side of the second lens group facing the subject and moving with the second lens group. According to a changing magnification operation from an end of a short focal length to an end of a long focal length, the second lens group is monotonously moved from an imaging plane to the subject, and the first lens group is moved to correct variations in the position of the imaging plane due to the changing magnification operation. 
     However, such a zoom lens unit is not suitable for a high changing magnification ratio structure having four (4) times or more. 
     For example, in JP H 11-174330 A and so on, there is disclosed a zoom lens unit including a first lens group having a positive refracting power, a second lens group having a negative refracting power, an aperture stop, a third lens group having a positive refracting power, and a fourth lens group having a positive refracting power, which are disposed in sequence from a subject. The first and third lens groups are monotonously moved to the subject, the second lens group is held in a fixed position, and the fourth lens group is moved suitably, according to a changing magnification operation from a wide angle position to a telephoto position. 
     Moreover, for example, in JP H4-296809 A (JP. Pat. 3008380) and so on, there is disclosed a zoom lens unit in which first and third lens groups are monotonously moved to the subject, a second lens group is monotonously moved to an imaging plane, and a fourth lens group is moved suitably, according to a changing magnification operation from the wide angle position to the telephoto position. 
     Furthermore, for example, in JP 2001-56436 A and so on, there is disclosed a zoom lens unit in which a first lens group is held in a fixed position, a second lens group is monotonously moved to an imaging plane, and a third lens group is moved to a subject, according to a changing magnification operation from a wide angle position to the a telephoto position. 
     In other words, for example, as disclosed in JP S 62-24213 A and JP H 3-33710 A as a type suitable to a high changing magnification there is well known a zoom lens unit including a first lens group having a positive refracting power (focal length), a second lens group having a negative refracting power, a third lens group having a positive refracting power, a fourth lens group having a positive refracting power, which are disposed in sequence from a subject, and an aperture stop disposed adjacent the third lens group. 
     According to a changing magnification operation from a wide angle position to a telephoto position, the first and third lens groups are held in a fixed position, the second lens group is monotonously moved from the subject to an imaging plane, and the fourth lens group is moved to correct variations in the position of the imaging plane due to the changing magnification operation. The zoom lens unit of this type is used in many video cameras or one portion of digital cameras because small numbers of, two lens groups are moved and hence a structure of a lens barrel is simplified. 
     However, in such a zoom lens unit, because it is necessary to secure a great moved amount of the second lens group achieving the changing magnification operation almost, the aperture stop disposed adjacent the third lens group is disposed always separately from the first lens group. Therefore, there is a problem that the first lens group becomes a very large size when a wide angle is provided. 
     JP 2001-56436 A also discloses that an aperture stop is disposed between the second and third lens groups, the second and third lens groups are moved in the reversed direction with respect to each other, and a moved amount of the second lens group is decreased by taking the third lens group on a role of the changing magnification operation so that a small sized first lens group is provided. A similar structure is disclosed in JP H6-94997 A. 
     However, even in the zoom lens unit of this type, the first lens group is held in the fixed position, thereby because the entire length of the lens unit is generally constant, if the semi-field angle at the wide angle position increases to 38 degrees or more, a large-sized first lens group is formed. Accordingly, it is difficult to increase the semi-field angle at the wide angle position to 38 degrees or more. 
     As described above, it is not possible to increase the semi-field angle at the wide angle position to 38 degrees or more, in the zoom lens unit in which the position of the first lens group is fixed, the first lens group is preferably moved. A large size of the first lens group is prevented by setting the entire length of the lens unit in the wide angle shorter than that in the telephoto and a sufficient wide angle can be accomplished. 
     JP H11-174330 A and JP H4-296809 A disclose that the first lens group is monotonously moved to the subject, according to the changing magnification operation from the wide angle position to the telephoto position, as described above. 
     However, in the zoom lens unit disclosed in these patent documents, the semi-field angle at the wide angle position is limited to about 25 to 32 degrees, the wide angle is still insufficient. 
     Meanwhile, devices having a function to image a subject are being generalized from conventional still cameras, electronic still cameras, digital cameras or video cameras having a function to image a driving subject, to various information devices such as mobile information terminal devices. A zoom lens unit is generalized as the lenses used in the devices, a wider area of a high changing magnification ratio and a high performance are requested increasingly. 
     In particular, in a zoom lens for imaging a subject on an image-sensing device, it is required that the zoom lens has a resolving power which corresponds to the image-sensing device having at least about three to five million pixels or more throughout a zooming area, as described above. However, a further high aberration correction is requested for the zoom lens because a size of the image-sensing device is further reduced and an image-sensing device having a diagonal size of 6 to 9 mm is being practiced and a pixel pitch is 3 mm or less in the case of realizing three to five million pixels in the compact image-sensing device. 
     For example, if the pixel pitch is set to 2.5 μm, because a Nyquist frequency is two hundred numbers per mm and a diffraction limitation is also of a problem, an allowable amount of aberration correction is lesser than as in the silver-salt camera. 
     There is a strong demand to have a property of wide field angle to a photographic lens, it is preferable that the semi-field angle at the wide angle position of the zoom lens is at least 35 degrees, 38 degrees or more, if possible. As described above, the semi-field angle of 38 degrees corresponds to the focal length of 28 mm in the conversion to the silver salt camera of 35 mm using the silver salt film of 35 mm size or Leica size. In realizing such a wide field angle, off-axis aberration such as distortion aberration, chromatic aberration of magnification or the like is easy to often generate, hence a lens design is very difficult in cooperation with the fact that the pixel pitch of the image-sensing device is less. 
     With respect to the changing magnification ratio, if the zoom lens has a focal length of a range of about 28 to 135 mm (about 4.8 times) in the conversion to the silver-salt camera of 35 mm, almost normal photographs can be accomplished through the zoom lens. 
     As other type zoom lens suitable for a high changing magnification, there is known a zoom lens including a first lens group having a positive refracting power, a second lens group having a negative refracting power, a third lens group having a positive refracting power, which are disposed in sequence from a subject, and an aperture stop disposed adjacent a side of the third lens group facing the subject, as disclosed in JP H11-109236 A, JP H 11-142733 A and JP H 11-242157 A. In a changing magnification operation from a wide angle position to a telephoto position, each lens group is moved or fixed so that an interval between the first and third lens groups is large, and an interval between the second and third lens groups is less. 
     JP S 62-24213 A, JP H 3-33710 and JP H 6-94997 A disclose that a fourth lens group having a positive refracting power is disposed in an imaging side of the third lend group in addition to the above-mentioned structure. 
     The conventional zoom lenses as described above have a changing magnification ratio of 5 times or more in either three lens group structure or four lens group structure, but they have no semi-field angle of 35 degree or more at the wide angle position. 
     Even in JP H 11-142733 A, in which an example of the most wide field angle is disclosed, the changing magnification ratio is a degree of 3 to 5 times and the semi-field angle is a degree of 25 to 34 degrees, the changing magnification ratio is limited to three (3) times in an embodiment disclosing the most wide semi-field angle of 34 degrees. Therefore, the conventional zoom lenses cannot respond to the recent request for the higher performance satisfying both the wider field angle and the high changing magnification ratio. 
     DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to provide a lens barrel capable of minimizing a dimension in a direction of an optical axis of lens groups when the lens groups are collapsed, and a dimension in a plane transverse to the optical axis, and a camera using the lens barrel and a portable information terminal using the lens barrel. 
     To achieve this object, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the lens barrel includes a fixed cylinder, a telescopic cylinder attached to the fixed frame, and a plurality of movable lens groups retained inside the telescopic cylinder. A lens driving device drives the telescopic cylinder with the lens groups along an optical axis of the lens groups between a collapsed position in which the telescopic cylinder is collapsed in the fixed frame and an extended position in which the telescopic cylinder is extended out of the fixed frame. At least one of the lens groups is movable out of the telescopic cylinder in a direction transverse to the optical axis. The retractable lens group is moved from the optical axis passing through the telescopic cylinder to an outside position of the telescopic cylinder, when retracting. 
     Because the retractable lens group is moved out of the telescopic cylinder, any space for containing the retractable lens group is not required to be provided in the telescopic cylinder. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide a compact lens barrel having a great changing magnification ratio. 
     To achieve this object, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the lens barrel includes a zoom lens which comprises a first lens group having a positive refracting power, a second lens group having a negative refracting power, an aperture stop, a third lens group having a positive refracting power, and a fourth lens group having a positive refracting power, which are disposed in sequence from a subject, in which the first and third lens groups are monotonously moved to the subject depending upon changing magnification from a wide angle position to a telephoto position, a position of the second lens group is held fixed and the fourth lens group being moved to be positioned to a position closer to an imaging plane than the wide angle position in the telephoto position, at the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position, and the following condition equation is satisfied;
 
0.60 &lt;m 4 T&lt; 0.85
 
     where, m4T indicates the imaging magnification of the fourth lens group at the telephoto position. 
     Accordingly to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a lens barrel, comprising: (1) a telescopic cylinder configured to be accommodated within a fixed frame; (2) a plurality of lens groups configured to be retained in the telescopic cylinder; (3) a lens driving device configured to drive the plurality of lens groups along a longitudinal axis of the telescopic cylinder between a collapsed position in which at least one portion of the plurality of lens groups is collapsed in the fixed frame and an extended position in which the at least one portion of the plurality of lens groups is extended out of the fixed frame; and (4) a retractable lens group configured to be retracted out of the telescopic cylinder and stored into the fixed frame through an opening in a wall of the fixed frame when the telescopic cylinder is in the extended position. 
     Accordingly to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a lens driving apparatus, comprising a driving device configured to drive (1) a plurality of lens retaining frames for retaining a first lens group including at least one changing magnification lens group, and (2) a retractable lens retaining frame for retaining at least one group, through a telescopic cylinder configured to retain the plurality of lens groups between a collapsed position in which at least one portion of the first lens group is collapsed and an extended position in which the at least one portion of the first lens group is moved toward a subject. In addition, the driving device includes a first motor configured to drive the plurality of lens retaining frames between the collapsed and extended positions in the telescopic cylinder, and a second motor configured to drive the retractable lens retaining frame into a fixed frame attached to the telescopic cylinder through an opening in a wall of the fixed frame when the telescopic cylinder is in the extended position. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view showing a structure of a main part of an optical system device including a lens barrel according to a first embodiment of the present invention with lens groups collapsed, as view from a subject. 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view showing the main part of the lens barrel shown in  FIG. 1 , as viewed from an imaging plane. 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic perspective view showing a structure of a main part of the optical system device including the lens barrel in which a lens barrier is closed, as viewed from the subject. 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic perspective view showing the structure of the main part of the lens barrel shown in  FIG. 3 , as viewed from the imaging plane. 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic perspective view of the structure of the main part of the lens barrel in a state in which the lens barrier is opened in a photographing state with the lens groups extended, as viewed from the imaging plane. 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view of the structure of the main part of the lens barrel in the photographing state with the lens groups extended, as viewed from the imaging plane. 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective view of a layout of a third frame, an impact preventing strip, and a fourth frame in a state in which the lens groups are in a collapsed position, for explaining operations of the third frame which retains the third lens group and the impact preventing strip, as viewed from the subject. 
         FIG. 8  is a perspective view of a layout of the third frame, the impact preventing strip, and the fourth frame for explaining operations of the third frame, which retains the third lens group, and the impact-preventing strip in the photographing state with the lens groups projected, as viewed from the subject. 
         FIG. 9  is a vertical cross sectional view showing, in an upper half and a lower half with respect to an optical axis, main parts of the lens groups, the lens retaining frames, and the various lens cylinders of the lens barrel in the photographing state in which the lens groups are extended, and in the collapsed state in which the lens groups are retired to be collapsed, respectively. 
         FIG. 10  is a schematic development elevational view showing a shape of cam grooves formed on a second rotary cylinder in a developed state. 
         FIG. 11  is a schematic development elevational view showing a shape of cam grooves formed on a cam cylinder in a developed state. 
         FIG. 12  is a schematic development elevational view showing a shape of cam grooves and key grooves formed on a first liner in a developed state with a helicoid omitted. 
         FIG. 13  is a schematic development elevational view showing a shape of cam grooves and key grooves formed on a fixed frame in a developed state with the helicoid omitted. 
         FIG. 14  is a side view showing a structure of the third frame and its drive system. 
         FIG. 15  is a perspective view showing the structure of the third frame and its drive system. 
         FIG. 16  is a back view of the third frame portion for explaining operation of the third frame, as viewed from the imaging plane. 
         FIGS. 17A and 17B  are perspective views showing an exterior appearance and a structure of a camera according to a second embodiment of the present invention as viewed from the subject, in which  FIG. 17A  shows a state in which a photographing lens is collapsed in a body of the camera, and  FIG. 17B  shows a state in which the photographing lens is projected or extended from the camera body. 
         FIG. 18  is a perspective view schematically showing the exterior appearance and structure of the camera of  FIGS. 17A and 17B  as viewed from a user. 
         FIG. 19  is a block diagram schematically showing a functional structure of the camera of  FIGS. 17A and 17B . 
         FIG. 20  is an exploded perspective view of a structure of a lens barrel portion in a state that lens groups of a camera according to a third embodiment of the present invention are partly protruded and a structure of a front cover of the camera in a state that a lens barrier is halfway closed, as viewed from the imaging plane. 
         FIG. 21  is an exploded perspective view of the structures in the states shown in  FIG. 20  as viewed from the subject. 
         FIG. 22  is a back view of the structure of the front cover of the camera from which an inner cover is removed, as viewed from the imaging plane. 
         FIG. 23  is a chart showing a state in which the lens barrier is operated from an opened position to a closed position. 
         FIG. 24A  is a table showing a reset sequence of the lens barrel. 
         FIG. 24B  is a timing chart of an H signal. 
         FIG. 25  is a timing chart showing a storage sequence in a state in which the lens barrier is closed. 
         FIG. 26  is a flow chart showing a zoom sequence. 
         FIG. 27  is a timing chart showing a state from the wide angle to the telephoto. 
         FIG. 28  is a timing chart showing a state from the telephoto to the wide angle. 
         FIGS. 29A ,  29 B,  29 C are schematic cross-section views along optical axes; each of the views illustrates a structure of an optical system of a zoom lens according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 30A ,  30 B,  30 C are schematic cross-section views along optical axes; each of the views illustrates a structure of an optical system of a zoom lens according to the embodiment 2 of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 31A ,  31 B,  31 C are schematic cross-section views along optical axes; each of the views illustrates a structure of an optical system of a zoom lens according to the embodiment 3 of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 32A ,  32 B,  32 C are schematic cross-section views along optical axes; each of the views illustrates a structure of an optical system of a zoom lens according to the embodiment 4 of the present invention. 
         FIG. 33  is a diagram showing spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion and coma aberration at the wide angle position of the zoom lens according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention illustrated in  FIG. 29A . 
         FIG. 34  is a diagram showing spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion and coma aberration at the intermediate focal length of the zoom lens according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention illustrated in  FIG. 29B . 
         FIG. 35  is a diagram showing spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion and coma aberration at the telephoto position of the zoom lens according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention illustrated in  FIG. 29C . 
         FIG. 36  is a diagram showing spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion and coma aberration at the wide angle position of the zoom lens according to the embodiment 2 of the present invention illustrated in  FIG. 30A . 
         FIG. 37  is a diagram showing spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion and coma aberration at the intermediate focal length of the zoom lens according to the embodiment 2 of the present invention illustrated in  FIG. 30B . 
         FIG. 38  is a diagram showing spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion and coma aberration at the telephoto position of the zoom lens according to the embodiment 2 of the present invention illustrated in  FIG. 30C . 
         FIG. 39  is a diagram showing spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion and coma aberration at the wide angle position of the zoom lens according to the embodiment 3 of the present invention illustrated in  FIG. 31A . 
         FIG. 40  is a diagram showing spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion and coma aberration at the intermediate focal length of the zoom lens according to the embodiment 3 of the present invention illustrated in  FIG. 31B . 
         FIG. 41  is a diagram showing spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion and coma aberration at the telephoto position of the zoom lens according to the embodiment 3 of the present invention illustrated in  FIG. 31C . 
         FIG. 42  is a diagram showing spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion and coma aberration at the wide angle position of the zoom lens according to the embodiment 4 of the present invention illustrated in  FIG. 32A . 
         FIG. 43  is a diagram showing spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion and coma aberration at the intermediate focal length of the zoom lens according to the embodiment 4 of the present invention illustrated in  FIG. 32B . 
         FIG. 44  is a diagram showing spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion and coma aberration at the telephoto position of the zoom lens according to the embodiment 4 of the present invention illustrated in  FIG. 32C . 
         FIG. 45  is a view showing a lens structure of a zoom lens of the embodiment 5. 
         FIG. 46  is a view showing a lens structure of a zoom lens of the embodiment 6. 
         FIG. 47  is a view showing a lens structure of a zoom lens of the embodiment 7. 
         FIG. 48  is a view showing a lens structure of a zoom lens of the embodiment 8. 
         FIG. 49  is a diagram illustrating aberration at the short focal length position of the zoom lens of the embodiment 5. 
         FIG. 50  is a diagram illustrating aberration at the intermediate focal length of the zoom lens of the embodiment 5. 
         FIG. 51  is a diagram illustrating aberration at the long focal length position of the zoom lens of the embodiment 5. 
         FIG. 52  is a diagram illustrating aberration at the short focal length position of the zoom lens of the embodiment 6. 
         FIG. 53  is a diagram illustrating aberration at the intermediate focal length of the zoom lens of the embodiment 6. 
         FIG. 54  is a diagram illustrating aberration at the long focal length position of the zoom lens of the embodiment 6. 
         FIG. 55  is a diagram illustrating aberration at the short focal length position of the zoom lens of the embodiment 7. 
         FIG. 56  is a diagram illustrating aberration at the intermediate focal length of the zoom lens of the embodiment 7. 
         FIG. 57  is a diagram illustrating aberration at the long focal length position of the zoom lens of the embodiment 7. 
         FIG. 58  is a diagram illustrating aberration at the short focal length position of the zoom lens of the embodiment 8. 
         FIG. 59  is a diagram illustrating aberration at the intermediate focal length of the zoom lens of the embodiment 8. 
         FIG. 60  is a diagram illustrating aberration at the long focal length position of the zoom lens of the embodiment 8. 
     
    
    
     BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION 
     Some embodiments of the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings below. 
       FIGS. 1 to 16  and  20  illustrate a first embodiment of a lens barrel according to the present invention. 
     In  FIGS. 1 to 16  and  20 , the lens barrel includes a fixed frame  21  having a fixed cylinder  21   a , a telescopic cylinder unit or telescopic cylinder attached to the fixed frame  21 , and a plurality of lens groups disposed in the telescopic cylinder. The telescopic cylinder is movable and collapsible along an optical axis X of the plurality of lens groups. 
     The lens groups comprise, for example, a first lens group  11 , a second lens group  12 , a third lens group  13 , and a fourth lens group  14 , which are disposed in the telescopic cylinder (see  FIG. 9 ). 
     The telescopic cylinder includes, for example, a first rotary cylinder  22 , a first liner  23 , a second rotary cylinder  24 , a second liner  25 , a cam cylinder  26 , a lineally-moving cylinder  27 , and a third frame  31  (see  FIGS. 5 and 8 ) for retaining the third lens group  13 . As described below, the first rotary cylinder  22  and so on are moved along the optical axis with respect to each other with the plurality of lens groups  11  to  14 . Any shape or structure may be used instead of the telescopic cylinder. For example, a plurality of peripherally spaced slidable bars or bands may be used without being limited to the cylinder shape of the telescopic cylinder. 
     As shown in  FIG. 9 , the first, second, third, and fourth lens groups  11 ,  12 ,  13 , and  14  are positioned from a subject (not shown) in sequence and disposed on the optical axis X. A shutter/aperture stop unit  15  is disposed between the second lens group  12  and the third lens group  13 . The first, second, third, and fourth lens groups  11 ,  12 ,  13 , and  14 , and the shutter/aperture stop unit  15  are configured to be movable in a direction of the optical axis when the telescopic cylinder is moved along the optical direction. 
     To use the lens barrel for image forming apparatuses or optical devices such as digital cameras or the like, as described hereinafter, for example, a solid-state image-sensing device  16  comprising a CCD (charge-coupled device) or the like is disposed adjacent to the side of an image forming plane of the fourth lens group  14 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 9 , the first lens group  11  is attached to a first frame  17 , and a cover glass  18  and a low-pass filter  19  are disposed adjacent to an image-receiving surface of the CCD  16 , if needed. 
     Generally, as shown in  FIG. 9 , the lens barrel is structured such that the first to fourth lens groups are movable between a collapsed position S stored in the fixed cylinder  21   a  and an extended position D extended out of the fixed cylinder  21   a , a zooming is achieved, and at least one lens group of the first to fourth lens groups can be retracted out of the optical axis into a retracted position as shown at R in  FIG. 9 . In the embodiment, at least one portion of the third lens group  13  is retracted from the optical axis passing through a through hole provided in the fixed cylinder  21   a  into a stored part provided in the fixed cylinder  21   a  and corresponding to the retracted position as described above. 
     In regard to this, a further detailed description will be described hereinafter. 
     The first lens group  11  to the fourth lens group  14  have a zoom lens function in which a focal distance is variable, as described hereinafter. The first lens group  11  includes one or more lens, and is fixed to the lineally-moving cylinder  27  via the first frame  17 , which retains the first lens group  11  integrally. 
     The second lens group  12  includes one or more lens. A cam follower formed on a second frame (not shown) for integrally retaining the second lens group  12  is inserted into a cam groove for the second lens group  12  formed on the cam cylinder  26  shown in  FIGS. 9 and 11 , and engages with a linear groove  25   a  of the second liner  25 , and the second lens group  12  is supported by the cam cylinder  26  and the second liner  25 . 
     The shutter/aperture unit  15  includes a shutter and an aperture, and a cam follower formed integrally with the shutter/aperture unit  15  is inserted into a cam groove for the shutter/aperture of the cam cylinder  26  shown in  FIG. 11  and is engaged with the linear groove  25   a  on the second liner  25  so that the shutter/aperture unit is supported by the cam cylinder  26  and the second liner  25 . 
     The fixed frame  21  includes a cylindrical part having an inner surface which is formed with a linear groove and a helicoidal cam groove along an axial direction, as shown in  FIGS. 13A and 13B . A helicoidal cam follower formed on an outer peripheral surface of a base portion of the first rotary cylinder  22  engages with the helicoidal cam groove, as shown in  FIG. 13C , and a key portion formed on an inner surface of a base portion of the first liner  23  engages with the linear groove of the fixed frame of the fixed frame  21 . An inner surface of the first rotary cylinder  22  is formed with a guide groove extending along a plane transverse to the optical axis X. Engaged with the guide groove is a follower or key which is formed to project from the outer peripheral surface of the first liner  23  in the vicinity of the base portion thereof and acts as a linear member. 
     An inner surface of the first liner  23  is formed with a linear groove along the optical axis and a helicoid, in addition, the first liner  23  is formed with a clearance groove in which a cam follower formed to project from an outer peripheral surface of a base portion of the second rotary cylinder  24  in the vicinity of the base portion is inserted. 
     A helicoid is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the base portion of the second rotary cylinder  24 , and is engaged with the helicoid of the first liner  23 . A cam follower formed to project from the outer peripheral surface of the second rotary cylinder  24  in the vicinity of the base portion engages with the linear groove formed in the inner periphery of the first rotary cylinder  22  through the clearance groove of the cam follower on the first liner  23 . A key portion formed to project from the outer peripheral surface of the base portion of the second liner  25  engages with the linear groove provided on the inner peripheral surface of the first liner  23 . 
     An inner surface of the second rotary cylinder  24  is provided with a guide groove along a plane transverse to the optical axis X, a follower or key provided to project from the outer peripheral surface of the second liner  25  is engaged in the guide groove of the second rotary cylinder  24 . With such a structure, the second liner  25  moves with the second rotary cylinder  24  in the movement along the optical axis X, while the second rotary cylinder  24  is rotatable relative to the second liner  25 . 
     The cam cylinder  26  fitted to the inner periphery of the second liner  25  is configured in such a manner that an engaging projection formed on the outer peripheral surface of the base portion is fitted to and engaged with the base portion of the second rotary cylinder  24  so as to rotate integrally with the second rotary cylinder  24 . The inner surface of the second liner  25  is provided with a guide groove along a surface transverse to the optical axis X, and a follower or key provided on the outer peripheral surface (front side) of the cam cylinder  26  engages with the cam groove. With such a structure, the cam cylinder  26  moves with the second liner  25  in the movement along the optical axis X, while is rotatable relative to the second liner  25 . 
     The base portion of the lineally-moving cylinder  27  is inserted between the second rotary cylinder  24  and the second liner  25 , and a cam follower is formed to project from the outer peripheral surface of the lineally-moving cylinder  27  in the vicinity of the base portion, and the cam follower engages with the cam groove formed in the inner peripheral surface of the second rotary cylinder  24 . A linear groove is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the lineally-moving cylinder  27  along the axial direction, and the key portion formed on the outer peripheral surface of the second liner  25  engages with the linear groove. 
     A gear portion is formed on the outer periphery of the base portion of the first rotary cylinder  22 , the gear portion is engaged with one or more gears which are driven by a zooming motor  51  so that a drive force of the zooming motor  51  is transmitted to the gear portion via the gears, whereby the first lens group  11 , the second lens group  12 , and the shutter/aperture unit  15  are zoomed in a predetermined manner. The zooming motor comprises a usual DC motor in the embodiment. 
     Meanwhile, the cam groove on the second rotary cylinder  24  engaging with the cam follower on the linearly-moving cylinder  27  is shown in  FIG. 10 . 
     The cam groove on the cam cylinder  26  which engages with the cam follower on the lens retaining frame of the second lens group  12  and the cam groove of the cam cylinder  26  which engages with the cam follower of the shutter/aperture unit  15  are shown in  FIG. 11 , respectively. 
     The cam groove on the first liner  23  which engages with the cam follower of the second rotary cylinder  24  and the straight groove on the first liner  23  which engages with the key groove on the second liner  25  are shown in  FIG. 12 , respectively. 
     A linear groove on the fixed frame  21  engaging with the key portion of the first liner  23  of the fixed frame and the cam groove of the fixed frame  21  engaging with the cam follower of the first rotary cylinder  22  are shown in  FIG. 13 , respectively. 
     Generally, the rotary cylinder, which is the closest position to the fixed frame and positioned on the outermost circumference is generally screwed onto the fixed frame through a helicoid, and the helicoid is configured to move the rotary cylinder at a constant speed relative to the fixed frame. Therefore, the rotary cylinder is in a half-extended state out of the fixed frame in a short focal length/wide angle in a course in which the rotary cylinder is moved gradually from the collapsible position through the short focal length/wide angle position to a long-focus/telephoto position. 
     On the contrary, in the structure described above, the first rotary cylinder  22  adjacent to the fixed frame  21  is threaded with the fixed frame of the fixed frame  21  via the cam groove of the helicoidal shape without a simple helicoidal connection. The first rotary cylinder  22  is moved completely to the maximally extended position by being driven from the collapsible or collapsed position to the short focal length/wide angle position. Thereafter, as shown in  FIG. 13 , because the subject side end of the cam groove lies in parallel with the end surface of the fixed frame, the first rotary cylinder  22  rotates at a constant position without moving along the optical axis X during driving from the short focal length/wide angle position to the long-focus/telephoto position. 
     In addition, the third lens group  13  is retracted out of the optical axis X in the collapsed position, in which the lens groups are collapsed in the fixed frame  21 , as shown in  FIG. 9 . The third lens group  13  is moved onto the optical axis X in an extended position of the lens groups. 
     As the first rotary cylinder  22  is moved from the collapsed position to short focal length/wide angle position, it is extended toward the subject, while rotating in an early stage of the drawing out action and when it reach the maximally extended position, a zoom position-detector which is provided on the fixed frame  21  and comprising a photo-reflector, photo-interrupter, leaf switch or the like, for example, generates a zoom position-reference signal. Therefore, when the zoom position-reference signal generates, because it may be determined that the first rotary cylinder  22  reaches the maximally extended position, it is possible to initiate to move the third frame  31  onto the optical axis X. 
     Consequently, a space between the second lens group  12  and the fourth lens group  14  to insert the third lend group  13  into the optical axis X can be secured previously by completely drawing out the first rotary cylinder  22  and the first liner  23  adjacent to the fixed frame at the earlier step of the extended action. 
     As described below, as soon as the first rotary cylinder  22  reaches the maximally extended position, the zoom position-reference signal generates, the space for inserting the third lens group is secured, and immediately, the insertion of the third lens group is initiated. Therefore, a time from the collapsible position when an electric source is turned on to the short focal length/wide angle position can be very shortened. 
     As described above, the retractable third lens group  13  is retained to the third frame  31  or retractable lens retaining frame. The third frame  31  retains the third lens group  13  at one end thereof, and the other end of the third frame  31  is supported by a third group main-guide shaft  32  which extends substantially in parallel with the optical axis of the third lens group  13  so as to be capable of rotating, and sliding along the third group main-guide shaft  32 . The third frame  31  is rotatable about the third group main-guide shaft  32  between a setting position in which the third lens group  13  is disposed onto the optical axis in a photographing state, as shown in  FIG. 8  and the retracted position in which the third lens group  13  is retracted out of the telescopic cylinder into the fixed frame  21 , as shown in  FIG. 2 . 
     In the vicinity of the third lens group  13  on the side of the rotating end of the third frame  31 , a crank-shaped bent portion for differentiating the position of the third lens group  13  in the direction parallel with the main guide shaft between the side of the rotation axis and the side of the supporting portion, a stopper  31   a  ( FIG. 15 ) and a light-shielding strip  31   b  are provided on the rotating end to project from the bent portion substantially toward the rotating end. 
     On the optical performance, in order to lengthen a focus length in the telephoto state, a position of the third lens group  13  in the telephoto state is in an extended position closer to the subject. However, a possible moving amount of the third frame  31  is determined by limitation of a length of the lens barrel in the collapsed state along the optical axis X. It is possible to maximize the focus length in the telephoto state by setting a position for retaining the third lens group by the third frame  31  in the closest position to the subject. However, if a position of the stopper  31   a  along the optical axis sets on the generally same position as the third lens group  13 , a length of a third frame sub-guide shaft  33  is longer and a size of the lens barrel in the collapsible position becomes greater. Therefore, it is required that the stopper  31   a  is set on a side of a focusing position and the third frame  31  is formed into a shape having the crank-shaped bent portion. 
     Meanwhile, the third frame  31  may be formed from two parts and in this case, one is a member having the crank-shaped bent portion, the other is a member for retaining the third lens group  13 . The two parts operates integrally by being fixed together. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 14A and 14B , a third frame female screw member  35  screwed on a third group lead screw  34  is positioned in the closest position to an image plane of the CCD in the retracted state in which the third frame  31  is retracted. In this state, a compression torsion spring  37  is charged or compressed fully so as to impart constantly a clockwise moment as viewed from the front of the lens barrel to the third frame  31 . 
     A cylindrical outer peripheral surface of a supported part  31   g  provided on the main-guide shaft  32  for the third frame  31  is provided with a stepped portion  31   c , and a cam portion  31   e  disposed inside the stepped portion  31   c  and formed from an inclined surface, as shown in  FIG. 14A . 
     From this state, when a third frame drive motor  52  is rotated clockwise as viewed from the front of the lens barrel, the third group lead screw  34  is rotated clockwise through a gear mechanism including gears  71  to  74 , and the third frame female screw member  35  moves toward the subject along the optical axis X. At this time, the third frame  31  is rotated clockwise by a moment force of the compression torsion spring  37 , the cam portion  31   e  engages with a first abutting portion  35   a  provided on the third frame female screw member  35 . 
     Thereafter, when the third frame female screw member  35  is moved in the closest position to the subject, the light-shielding strip  31   b  of the third frame  31  is moved to a position out of a third frame photo-interrupter  38  as a device for detecting a position of the third lens group  13 , thereby the third frame photo-interrupter  38  generates a reference signal in a range from L or a low level to H or a high level. Accordingly, a position of the third lens group  13  is controlled by pulse count based on the reference signal from the third frame photo-interrupter  38 . 
     From this state, when the third frame female screw member  35  is moved to a retract-initiating position B of the third frame  31 , as shown in  FIG. 14A , the third frame  31  further rotates clockwise, the stopper  31   a  comes into abutment with the third frame sub-guide shaft  33  as shown in  FIGS. 8 and 16A , as a result, a position of the third frame  31  on the optical axis is determined. Consequently, approach operation of the third lens group  13  to the optical axis is completed. In the retract-initiating position B, the third frame  31  is movable toward the retracted position S. 
     Meanwhile, the light-shielding strip  31   b  shields the third frame photo-interrupter  38  shown in  FIG. 16  A so that it is possible to confirm that the third frame  31  is in the retract-initiating position B. When the third frame female screw member  35  is moved to the retract-initiating position B shown in  FIG. 14A , the first abutting portion  35   a  of the third frame female screw member  35  contacts with a front engaging portion  31   d  of the stepped portion  31   c  of the third frame  31 . Again, the stepped portion  31   c  of the third frame  31  has the cam portion  31   e  and the front engaging portion  31   d  which forms a planner surface generally perpendicular to the third group main guide shaft  32 . 
     The third frame  31  is constantly biased to move to a direction transverse to the optical axis, that is to say, from the retracted position to the optical axis and a direction along the optical axis, that is to say, from the subject to a retainer plate  81  beside the image plane by the compression torsion spring  37  provided on the third group main-guide shaft  32 . 
     In addition, a portion of the fixed frame  21  to which the compression torsion spring  37  contacts includes a step  37   a  which is formed as a concave portion for inserting one end of the compression torsion spring  37 , as shown in  FIG. 14B , to prevent the compression torsion spring from deviating out of a center of the third group min-guide shaft  32  considerably. 
     Next, when the third frame female screw member  35  is moved to a short focal length/wide angle position or wide angle position W shown in  FIG. 14A , because the first abutting portion  35   a  of the third frame female screw member  35  presses the front engaging portion  31   d , the third frame  31  is movable to the wide angle position along the optical axis X toward the subject. 
     Moreover, while the third frame female screw member  35  is disposed between the retract-initiating position B and a telephoto position T, as shown in  FIG. 14 , because the third frame  31  is constantly pressed along the optical axis toward the image plane by the compression torsion spring  37 , all spaces generated among the third group lead screw  34 , the third frame female screw member  35  and the retainer plate  81  are directed to the image plane, the third frame  31  can secure a positional accuracy in the direction of the optical axis. 
     The third frame female screw member  35  is screwed on the third group lead screw  34  disposed substantially in parallel with the optical axis. The third frame female screw member  35  includes a rotation-preventing projection  35   b  in addition to the first abutting portion  35   a , which engages with the above-described front engaging portion  31   d  or the cam portion  31   c  of the third frame  31 . 
     The rotation-preventing projection  35   b  is fitted slidably into a guide groove formed on the cylindrical part of the fixed frame  21  in parallel with the optical axis as a rotation-preventing device for preventing the third frame female screw member  35  from rotating along with the rotation of the third lead screw  34 . In other words, the third frame female screw member  35  is moved in the back and forth direction along the optical axis by the rotation of the third lead screw  34 , because the third frame female screw member  35  is prevented from rotating by the rotation-preventing projection  35   b  fitting into the guide groove of the fixed frame  21 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 14A  in detail, when the third frame female screw member  35  is moved further toward the image plane (left side in the drawing) from the retract-initiating position B shown in  FIG. 14A , the third frame female screw member  35  engages with the cam portion  31   e  of the stepped portion  31   c  the third lend group-retaining frame  31 . 
     The third frame  31  comes into contact with the retainer plate  81  by a biasing force of the compression torsion spring  37  clockwise, the third frame  31  is rotated counterclockwise against the clockwise biasing force exerted by the compression torsion spring  37 , therefore the third frame  31  can be retracted. 
     On the other hand, while the third frame female screw member  35  is moved from the telephoto position T through the wide angle position W to the retract-initiating position B by the reverse rotation or counterclockwise rotation of the third group lead screw  34 , because the first abutting portion  35   a  of the third frame female screw member  35  engages with the front engaging portion  31   d  of the stepped portion  31   c  of the third frame  31 , the third frame  31  moves gradually to direct from the subject to the image plane while maintaining a position on the optical axis limited by the third frame sub-guide shaft  33  by the biasing force toward the optical axis and the biasing force toward the image plane. 
     Meanwhile, when the third frame female screw member  35  reaches the retract-initiating position B, a base end surface  31   f  abuts with the retainer plate  81 , the third frame female screw member  35  is disposed with an interval from the front engaging portion  31   d  and contacts with the cam portion  31   e  of the stepped portion  31   c.    
     While the third frame female screw member  35  moves from the retract-initiating position B to the collapsed position S, the second abutting portion  35   c  of the third frame female screw member  35  comes into sliding contact with the cam portion  31   e  of the stepped portion  31   c  of the third frame  31  and rotates the third frame  31  against the rotational biasing force exerted by the compression torsion spring  37 , whereby the third frame  31  moves from the position on the optical axis to the collapsed position S. The collapsed position S of the third frame  31  corresponds to a position at which it is moved toward the image plane by a predetermined pulse count number after the generation of the reference signal of the range from the H to the L generated from the third frame photo-interrupter  38 . After the third frame  31  is moved to the collapsed position S, the first lens group  11 , the second lens group  12 , and the shutter/aperture unit  15  are moved to the collapsible or collapsed position. 
     In this example, before the third frame  31  is moved to the collapsed position S, a fourth frame  41  for retaining the fourth lens group  14  is first moved to the collapsed position. A first collapsed position of the fourth frame  41  corresponds to a position at which it is moved toward the image plane by a predetermined pulse count number after the generation of a storage reference signal of a range from the H to the L generated by a fourth group reference detector or fourth group photo-interrupter  47 . After the fourth frame  41  reaches the first collapsed position, the stored operation of the third frame  31  is initiated. 
     That is to say, the third frame female screw member  35  moves toward the image plane by a predetermined pulse count number from the generation of the stored reference signal from the H to the L by the third frame photo-interrupter  38  (see  FIG. 16A ) and the stored operation of the third frame  31  is completed. After the completion of the stored operation of the third frame  31 , the first rotary cylinder  22  and structural parts disposed inside the first rotary cylinder  22  and the first liner  23  and so on are stored before contacting with the third frame  31 . This results in the storage of the first rotary cylinder  22  and so on without interfering with the third frame  31 . 
     Positions of the first rotary cylinder  22  and so on can be set by a drive pulse count generated by a zoom count detector comprising a pinion gear attached directly to an output shaft of the zooming motor  51  and having an encoder structure and for example, a first and second frames photo-interrupter  51   a  disposed adjacent the pinion gear, for example. 
     Meanwhile, although the DC motor is used as the drive source for moving the first rotary cylinder  22  and the drive position of the first rotary cylinder  22  is detected by the detector comprising the encoder and the photo-interrupter, in the above-mentioned example, the similar function can be accomplished by substituting a pulse motor structure for the whole of the above-mentioned structure. 
     To prevent the third frame  31  from collision with the other parts, an impact-preventing strip  36  is, as shown in particular in  FIGS. 2 and 7 , rotatably supported on the fixed frame  21  in the vicinity of the third group main-guide shaft  32  and includes a rotated portion provided at one end of the impact-preventing strip and an engaging projection  36   a . The impact-preventing strip  36  is constantly biased to cause the engaging projection  36   a  to move toward the optical axis X by a spring or the like. 
     When the third frame  31  is positioned in the collapsed position, the impact-preventing strip  36  is pushed out by a rotating force of the third frame  31  against a biasing force of the spring, and is deviated outside the third frame  31  (see  FIG. 2  and  FIG. 7 , specifically). 
     When the third frame  31  is rotated and positioned on the optical axis, the impact-preventing strip  36  is released from engagement with the third frame  31 , and is rotated to cause the engaging projection  36   a  to be projected toward the optical axis X by the biasing force, thereby causing the engaging projection  36   a  to project from the inner surface of the fixed frame of the fixed frame  21 . At this time, in addition to the first rotary cylinder  22  and the first liner  23 , the second rotary cylinder  24 , the second liner  25 , the cam cylinder  26  and the lineally-moving cylinder  27  are all positioned on the subject side with respect to the projected position of the engaging projection  36   a . Therefore, the engaging projection  36   a  is positioned to project inwardly of an outer peripheral edge of the base portion of each of the first rotary cylinder  22  and the first liner  23  (see  FIG. 5 ,  FIG. 6 , and  FIG. 8 , specifically). 
     With such a structure, even if an operator rotates the first rotary cylinder  22  manually forcibly and moves it to the collapsed position, the impact-preventing strip  36  first contacts with the first rotary cylinder  22 . Therefore, because the base portion of the first rotary cylinder  22  cannot be moved toward the image plane than the position of the impact-preventing strip  36  along the optical axis, the first rotary cylinder  22  is prevented from contacting with the third frame  31 . Accordingly, it is possible to accomplish the prevention of breaking, damage or the like of the third frame  31  due to a strength external force. 
     In addition, the first rotary cylinder  22  can be first moved to the collapsed position after the third frame  31  is moved to the collapsed position correctly. Therefore, in a used or photographing state of the lens barrel, in which the movable cylinders such as the first rotary cylinder  22  and so on are extended, when a great pressure is exerted on a leading end of the lens barrel and so on by a drop of the lens barrel or the like, the engaging projection  36   a  of the impact-preventing strip  36  engages with the first rotary cylinder  22  and the first liner  23 , and hence further retraction of the first rotary cylinder  22  and the first liner  23  (as well as the second rotary cylinder  24 , the second liner  25 , the cam cylinder  26 , and the lineally-moving cylinder  27 ) toward the third lens group  13  is prevented, so that the third frame  31  and the third lens group  13  are prevented from being damaged. 
     The third group lead screw  34  is rotated in forward and reverse directions by a third frame drive motor  52 . The rotation of the third frame drive motor  52  is transmitted to the third group lead screw  34  via gears  71 ,  72 ,  73 , and  74  arranged in sequence. 
     Next, a drive structure of the fourth lens group  14  is explained with reference to  FIGS. 7 ,  8 ,  20 A and  20 B. 
     The fourth lens group  14  used as a focusing lens for focusing the lens groups in the illustrated embodiment is retained by the fourth frame  41 , as shown in  FIGS. 20A and 20B . The fourth frame  41  includes a sleeve portion  41   a  in which the fourth frame main-guide shaft  44  disposed in parallel with the optical axis and fixed to a lens barrel base  82  is fitted, and a rotation-preventing portion  41   b  in which the fourth frame sub-guide shaft  42  disposed in parallel with the optical axis and fixed to the lens barrel base  82  is fitted, to limit the rotation of the fourth frame  41 . With such a structure, the fourth frame  41  can be moved freely along the fourth frame main-guide shaft  44  or the optical axis. A fourth frame drive motor  53  comprising a stepping motor is used as a drive source for driving the fourth frame  41  in the illustrated embodiment. Provided on an output shaft of the fourth frame drive motor  53  is a fourth frame lead screw  45  which is threaded into a threaded hole provided in a fourth frame female screw member  46 . 
     The fourth frame  41  has an opening for inserting the fourth frame female screw member  46 . The opening has an engaging portion  41   c  for engaging with the fourth frame female screw member  46  in a perpendicular plane to the optical axis in a side of the image plane. The fourth frame  41  is always engaged with the fourth frame female screw member  46  by allowing the fourth frame  41  to bias to the subject by a fourth frame spring  43 . 
     The fourth frame female screw member  46  has a radially projected protrusion  46   a . The protrusion  46   a  is engaged in a bore  41   d  provided in one side of the opening for inserting the fourth frame female screw member  46  of the fourth frame  41  so that the rotation of the fourth frame female screw member  46  is stopped. 
     In this way, when the fourth frame drive motor  53  which is the stepping motor is driven, the fourth frame lead screw  45  rotates, the fourth frame female screw member  46  is moved in the forward and reverse directions along an axis of the fourth frame lead screw  45  or the optical axis X. Because the fourth frame  41  engages with the fourth frame female screw member  46 , the fourth frame  41  is moved along the optical axis following to the movement of the fourth frame female screw member  46 . In this case, although the fourth frame lead screw  45  is formed on the output shaft of the fourth frame drive motor  53 , the fourth frame lead screw  45  may be rotated by constituting the fourth frame drive motor  53  and the fourth frame lead screw  45  separately and connecting them through gears or the like. 
     The fourth frame  41  is provided with a light-shielding piece  41   e  which shields an optical passage of a fourth group photo-interrupter  47  provided on the lens barrel base  82 , the light-shielding piece  41   e  is capable of light-shielding or passing light through the optical passage of the fourth group photo-interrupter  47  in response to the movement of the fourth frame  41 . In this case, the fourth frame  41  can be moved in a predetermined position by recognizing as a reference position a time at which the light-shielding pieces is set from the light-shielding state to the light-passing state, energizing a pulse waveform of any pulse number from the reference position, rotating the fourth frame drive motor  53 . 
     Meanwhile, the fourth frame  41  has a concave portion  41   f  which is provided in an outer peripheral edge thereof and allows the light-shielding strip  31   b  of the third frame  31  as the photo-interrupter to move toward the optical axis to avoid the interference with the fourth frame  41 , thereby the moved amount of the fourth frame  41  can be increased and a range capable of focusing can be enlarged. Moreover, as described above, there is a clearance between the fourth frame  41  and the fourth frame female screw member  46  in the direction of the optical axis, but the position in the direction of the optical axis of the fourth frame  41  can be controlled accurately by constantly biasing the fourth frame  41  toward the subject by the fourth frame spring  43 . 
     The collapsed position of the first rotary cylinder  22 , the first liner  23 , the first lens group  11 , the second lens group  12 , and the shutter/aperture unit  15  is controlled based on the zoom position-reference signal generated by the zoom position detector comprising the photo-reflector and so on disposed in the fixed frame  21 . That is to say, it is possible to complete the storing operation by moving them toward the image plane by the predetermined pulse count number of the drive pulse generated by the pinion gear acting as the encoder and the zoom count detector disposed adjacent to the pinion gear after the change of from the H to the L of the zoom position storage reference signal occurs. 
     In storing, the fourth frame  41  is positioned in the first collapsed position as described above, while, when the first rotary cylinder  22  is moved to the collapsed position, the most distal surface of the first rotary cylinder  22  or the first liner  23  contacts with the fourth frame  41  and presses the fourth frame  41  to move to the second collapsed position finally. 
     By such an operation, even if variations of the attached position of the fourth group photo-interrupter  47  in the direction of the optical axis occur, the fourth frame  41  can be moved to the collapsed position accurately without requiring a complicated adjustment. Such an operation can be accomplished for the reason that a length of the engaging space formed in the fourth frame  41 , in the direction of the optical axis is larger than a thickness of the fourth frame female screw member  46 . 
     The zooming motor  51  for moving the first lens group  11 , the second lens group  12 , and the shutter/aperture unit  15  is structured by the DC motor as described above in the illustrated embodiment, the third frame drive motor  52  for driving the third lens group  13  and the fourth frame drive motor  53  for driving the fourth lens group  14  are generally configured to use a pulse motor, for example, are driven in conjunction with each other in a software-like manner to achieve an appropriate zooming action performed mainly by the first to the third lens groups  11 - 13  and an appropriate focusing action performed mainly by the fourth lens group  14 , for example. 
     Here, a drive control system for the lens groups constituting the lens barrel is described in detail. 
     The drive control system is shown in  FIG. 21 . The drive control system includes a central processing unit (CPU)  501 , a motor driver  502 , a first and second frames DC motor  503 , a first aperture stop motor  504 , a second aperture stop motor  505 , a shutter motor  506 , a third frame pulse motor  507 , a fourth frame pulse motor  508 , a first and second frames photo-interrupter  509 , a first and second frames photo-reflector  510 , a third frame photo-interrupter  511 , a fourth frame photo-interrupter  512 , a first and second frames photo-interrupter drive circuit  513 , a first and second frames photo-reflector drive circuit  514 , a third frame photo-interrupter drive circuit  515 , and a fourth frame photo-interrupter drive circuit  516 . 
     The CPU gives a command such as an initial setting of the motor driver  502 , the selection for a drive motor, the setting of a drive voltage, a direction for driving and so on to the motor driver  502 . The motor driver  502  controls the motor system of the first and second frames DC motor  503 , the first aperture stop motor  504 , the second aperture stop motor  505 , the shutter motor  506 , the third frame pulse motor  507 , the fourth frame pulse motor  508  and so on, in accordance with the command from the CPU  501 . 
     The first and second frames DC motor  503  drives the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 . As always, the first and second groups  11  and  12  are driven separately with respect to each other through a cam mechanism in response to the drive of the first and second frames DC motor  503 . The first aperture stop motor  504  and the second aperture stop motor  505  are configured to drive an aperture stop of the shutter/aperture unit  15 . The shutter motor  506  drives a shutter of the shutter/aperture unit  15 . The third frame pulse motor  507  drives the third lens group  13 . The fourth frame pulse motor  508  drives the fourth lens group  14 . 
     The CPU  501  supplies a drive electricity to the first and second frames photo-interrupter  509 , the first and second frames photo-reflector  510 , the third frame photo-interrupter  511 , and the fourth frame photo-interrupter  512  as a position-detecting device through the first and second frames photo-interrupter drive circuit  513 , the first and second frames photo-reflector drive circuit  514 , the third frame photo-interrupter drive circuit  515 , and the fourth frame photo-interrupter drive circuit  516 . The CPU  501  also acquires a positional information signal detected by the first and second frames photo-interrupter  509 , the first and second frames photo-reflector  510 , the third frame photo-interrupter  511 , and the fourth frame photo-interrupter  512 . 
     The first and second frames photo-interrupter drive circuit  513 , the first and second frames photo-reflector drive circuit  514 , the third frame photo-interrupter drive circuit  515 , and the fourth frame photo-interrupter drive circuit  516  have a function to control suitably a level of a projecting current and an output signal of each of the first and second frames photo-interrupter  509 , the first and second frames photo-reflector  510 , the third frame photo-interrupter  511 , and the fourth frame photo-interrupter  512 . 
     The motor driver  502  receives a command from the CPU  501  and executes the command. The CPU sets a designated voltage to one or more selected motors of the first and second frames DC motor  503 , the first aperture stop motor  504 , the second aperture stop motor  505 , the shutter motor  506 , the third frame pulse motor  507 , the fourth frame pulse motor  508 , and controls them in accordance with a timing of drive command. 
     Here, a lens barrier  62  for protecting the lens barrel is described as follows. 
     The lens barrier  62  shown in  FIG. 3  to  FIG. 5  is disposed to cover a side of the first lens group  11  facing the subject, in the stored state, and protects the lens group from contaminations or damages. The lens barrier  62  is moved in back and forth directions transverse to the optical axis by a barrier drive system  63 .  FIGS. 3 and 4  show a state in which the lens barrier  62  is closed, and  FIG. 5  shows a state in which the lens barrier  62  is almost opened. The barrier drive system  63  drives the lens barrier  62  between the closed position ( FIGS. 3 and 4 ) and the opened position (a position farther from the optical axis than the position shown in  FIG. 5 ) through the operation of a barrier-operating element (see a barrier-operating element  301  in  FIG. 17A ). The barrier drive system  63  has a function to bias the lens barrier  62  in a closing direction at the closed position and in an opening direction at the opened position. 
     Therefore, when driving the lens barrier  62  in the closed state toward the opening direction, the lens barrier  62  is moved to the opened state semi-automatically when the lens barrier  62  passes a predetermined position. Also, when an attempt is made to close the lens barrier  62  from the opened state, the lens barrier  62  is moved to the closed state semi-automatically when the lens barrier  62  passes a predetermined position. The position in the closed state is not necessarily required to be the same as the predetermined position in the opened state, rather, it is preferable that the lens barrier has a certain degree of hysteresis characteristics in the movement to accomplish a smooth operation of the lens barrier  62 . 
     A barrier control strip  61  is provided on a side of the fixed frame  21  in the direction of opening the lens barrier  62  so as to be capable of sliding in a direction along the optical axis, and is biased toward the subject by a spring or the like as needed. In the stored state, an engaging portion of the barrier control strip  61  which is formed into a bent shape engages with base edge surfaces of the first rotary cylinder  22  and the first liner  23  and is biased toward the image surface against a biasing force of the spring, and hence is not in contact with the lens barrier  62 . In the used or photographing state, the lens barrier  62  is completely away from the respective lens groups and retaining frames thereof. In this state, engagement of the engaging portion of the barrier control strip  61  is released, and hence the barrier control strip  61  is biased toward the subject by the biasing force, and then, a barrier-intercepting portion at the distal end enters into a passage of the lens barrier  62 . 
     In this state, when the lens barrier  62  is rapidly operated to move the lens barrel to the collapsed position, there is a possibility that the lens barrier  62  hits against the lens barrel. However, since the barrier-intercepting portion at the distal end of the barrier control strip  61  crosses the passage of the lens barrier  62  to prevent the lens barrier  62  from entering into a moving passage of the lens barrel. When the respective lens groups are stored and the stored state is completed, the base edge surfaces of the first rotary cylinder  22  and the first liner  23  engage with the engaging portion of the barrier control strip  61 , which is formed into the bent shape, to energize the engaging portion toward the image surface against the biasing force. Therefore, the lens barrier  62  can be moved to the front portion of the lens barrel, and hence the lens barrier  62  is correctly set to the closed position. In this manner, the interference between the lens barrier  62  and the lens cylinders retaining the lens groups can be effectively prevented. 
     &lt;Actuation Sequence&gt; 
     An actuation sequence of the above-mentioned drive control system is explained with reference to  FIG. 22 . 
     By opening the lens barrier  62 , a barrier switch signal from a barrier switch (not shown) changes from the H to the L and an initial setting of the lens barrel is initiated. Meanwhile, the barrier switch is operated by opening mechanically the lens barrier  62  with an operating lever or the like (not shown), while the lens barrier may be opened by operation of the barrier switch. Executing the initial setting causes the initialization of the motor driver  502  for driving the motor system, and the initialization of the first and second frames photo-interrupter  509 , the first and second frames photo-reflector  510 , the third frame photo-interrupter  511 , and the fourth frame photo-interrupter  512 , as the position detecting device for a position through the first and second frames photo-interrupter drive circuit  513 , the first and second frames photo-reflector drive circuit  514 , the third frame photo-interrupter drive circuit  515 , and the fourth frame photo-interrupter drive circuit  516 . 
     In the case that detected results by the first and second frames photo interrupter  509 , the third frame photo-interrupter  511 , and the fourth frame photo-interrupter  512  indicate the collapsed position, the first and second frames DC motor  503  is adapted to drive to the wide angle position. A driven amount of the first and second frames DC motor  503  is detected by the first and second frames photo-interrupter  509  for detecting the moving amount of the first and second lens groups. The moving amount is detected by counting edge portions of the pulse signal (PI signal) by the first and second frames photo-interrupter  509 . 
     A period for actuating right after the first and second frames DC motor  503  is actuated is set, during which, the drive voltage is lower than a constant voltage in order to prevent an incoming current by the DC motor. After the actuation period is completed, the drive voltage is increased to a stationary voltage. 
     A period for monitoring the barrier switch or barrier SW right after the initiation of the actuation of the first and second frames DC motor  503  is set and a state of the barrier switch signal is monitored by the CPU  501 . During monitoring period, if the barrier switch signal indicates the opening state of the lens barrier, the shutter is set in the full opening by the shutter motor  50  for driving the shutter. Then, the aperture stop is set in an intermediately restricted state by the first and second aperture stop motors  504  and  505 . 
     In this example, although the aperture stop is set in the intermediately restricted state, it may be set in an opened state or fully opened state. 
     Next, the fourth lens group  14  is previously driven through the fourth pulse motor  508 . By achieving the previous drive of the fourth lens group  14 , the total time from the initiation of the drive of the first and second lens groups to the completion of the drive of the final fourth lens group  14  can be reduced. Moreover, it is possible to greaten a torque when driving and prevent the interference of the fourth lens group with the other parts by setting a pulse rate of the fourth frame pulse motor  508  in the previous drive thereof lately than that in the normal driving state. 
     Meanwhile, the driven amount of the fourth lens group by the fourth frame pulse motor  508  is set so that the third and fourth lens groups interfere with respect to each other. 
     When the previous drive of the fourth lens group  14  is completed, the waiting for detecting reference position by the first and second frames photo-reflector  510  is set. A place where the reference position signal changes from the H to the L becomes the reference position or HP position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 . When the reference position or HP position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is detected, positional information of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is reset. The movement of the first and second lens groups is controlled by counting the pulse-like signal (PI signal) by the first and second frames photo-interrupter  509  based on the positional information to acquire the moved amount of the first and second lens groups until the wide angle position. The wide angle position is previously set, but it can be changed by storing it in a nonvolatile memory and rewriting it. 
     A specified pulse period before reaching the wide angle position is a stop controlling period, overrun in reaching the wide angle position can be reduced by lowering the drive voltage in accordance with residual pulse numbers to the wide angle position. If the first and second lens groups reach the wide angle position by counting the PI signal by the first and second frames photo-interrupter  509 , a braking control is made in order to stop the first and second lens groups. An amount of overrun during the braking period is counted so that the final position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is decided. 
     Moreover, when the reference position or HP position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is detected, the drive of the third frame pulse motor  507  in the direction of wide angle position is initiated to control the third lens group  13  with the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 . The driving time of the third lens group  13  can be reduced by setting the pulse rate in driving the third group pulse motor highly or rapidly than that in the normal drive. 
     The third lens group  13  is waited for detecting the reference position by the third frame photo-interrupter  511 . A place where the reference position signal or HP signal by the third frame photo-interrupter  511  changes from the L to the H becomes the reference position or HP position of the third lens group  13 . When the reference position or HP position is detected, positional information of the third lens group  13  is reset. The third lens group  13  is pulse-driven by the third frame pulse motor  507  based on the positional information to obtain the moved amount of the third lens group  13  to the wide angle position. The wide angle position is previously set, but it can be changed by storing it in a nonvolatile memory such as an EEPROM or the like and rewriting it. 
     In addition, the final stopping position of the third lens group  13  becomes a position in consideration of overrun of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 . That is to say, because the stopping position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is the wide angle position plus overrun amount, the stopping position of the third lens group  13  is also the wide angle position plus a in consideration of overrun of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 . A value of the a is obtained by a linear calculation depending on pulse numbers between the zooming positions of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 , the overrun amount and a pulse number between the zooming positions of the third lens group  13 . The zooming position is one of sections divided into 16 equally between the wide angle position and the telephoto position (between W and T). 
     If the drive of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is completed, the reference position or HP position of the third lens group  13  is detected, and the third lens group  13  is driven more than the specified pulse number, the drive of the fourth frame pulse motor  508  in the direction of a wide angle infinite position is initiated. If the drive of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is not completed, or the third lens group  13  is not driven more than the specified pulse from the reference position, the drive of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is completed, and a standby state is set until the third lens group  13  is driven more than the specified pulse from the reference position. When the drive of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  are not completed and the fourth frame pulse motor  508  is driven, the three motors are driven simultaneously to increase current consumption. Therefore, in the example, only the third and fourth lens groups are driven simultaneously. Moreover, when the fourth lens group  14  is driven before the third lens group  13  reaches the position more than the specified pulse number, the interference between the third and fourth lens groups  13  and  14  occurs. Therefore, the drive of the fourth lens group  14  is initiated after the third lens group  13  is driven more than the specified pulse number. 
     The fourth lens group  14  is waited for detecting the reference position by the fourth frame photo-interrupter  512 . In addition, current consumption can be reduced by setting the drive voltage of the fourth frame pulse motor  508  to be lower than that of the normal drive. A place where the reference position signal or HP signal by the fourth frame photo-interrupter  512  changes from the L to the H becomes the reference position or HP position of the fourth lens group  14 . When the reference position or HP position of the fourth lens group is detected, positional information of the fourth lens group  14  is reset. The fourth lens group  14  is pulse-driven by the fourth frame pulse motor  508  based on the positional information to obtain the moved amount of the fourth lens group  14  to the wide angle position. The wide angle position is previously set, but it can be changed by storing it in a nonvolatile memory such as an EEPROM or the like and rewriting it. 
     In the embodiment, as described above and shown in a timing chart of  FIG. 22 , the current consumption can be reduced by limiting the simultaneously driven motors to two motors, and a time of actuating the motors can be shortened by the optimum drive of the motors. 
     Next, a case in which the barrier switch signal is changed in a closed state during a period for monitoring the barrier switch right after the actuation of the first and second frames DC motor  503  is initiated is explained with reference to  FIG. 23 . If the barrier switch signal is changed from the opened state to the closed state during the period, the drive of the first and second frames DC motor  503  is stopped. 
     Thereafter, the drive of the first and second frames DC motor  503  is initiated by a moved amount in the direction of the collapsed position or the specified pulse number. In this case, the drive voltage is lower and breaking and damage are prevented from generating even if operating parts of the lens barrier impact with switch first and second lens groups and so on in the end of a collapsed position. By such a control, the first and second lens groups are prevented from interfering with the lens barrier. 
     [Reset Sequence] 
     Moreover, if the detected result of the first and second photo-reflector  510  is not the collapsed position (reference position HP, signal L), the detected result of the third frame photo-interrupter  511  is not the collapsed position (reference position HP, signal H), or the detected result of the fourth frame photo-interrupter  512  is not the collapsed position (reference position HP, signal H), the reset sequence drive is executed. 
     The reset sequence is described referring to  FIG. 24  as follows. 
     &lt;With respect to first and second group HP signal=H, third group HP signal=L, fourth group HP signal=L&gt; 
     First, as the reset operation of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 , the reference position or HP position of the first and second lens groups is detected, and the first and second lens groups are moved to the wide angle position (first and second groups: Reset). Next, as the storing operation of the fourth lens group  14 , the reference position or HP position of the fourth lens group  14  is detected, and the fourth lens group is moved to the collapsed position (fourth group: storage). 
     Subsequently, as the reset operation of the third lens group  13 , the reference position or HP position of the third lens group  13  is detected, and the third lens group is moved to the wide angle position (third group: Reset). 
     Finally, as the reset operation of the fourth lens group  14 , the reference position or HP position of the fourth lens group  14  is detected, and the fourth lens group is moved to the wide angular infinite position (fourth group: Reset). 
     &lt;With respect to first and second group HP signal=H, third group HP signal=L, fourth group HP signal=H&gt; 
     First, as the retiring operation of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 , the first and second lens groups are driven in the direction of the telephoto and pulse-driven by the specified pulse after the lowering of the reference signal is detected (first and groups; retire). Next, as the storing operation of the fourth lens group  14 , the reference position or HP position of the fourth lens group  14  is detected, and the fourth lens group is moved to the collapsed position (fourth group: storage). Subsequently, as the reset operation of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 , the reference position or HP position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is detected, and the first and second lens groups are moved to the wide angle position (first and second groups: Reset). 
     Next, as the reset operation of the third lens group  13 , the reference position or HP position of the third lens group  13  is detected, and the third lens group is moved to the wide angle position (third group: Reset). Finally, as the reset operation of the fourth lens group  14 , the reference position or HP position of the fourth lens group  14  is detected, and the fourth lens group is moved to the wide angular infinite position (fourth group: Reset). 
     &lt;With respect to first and second group HP signal=H, third group HP signal=H, fourth group HP signal=L, first and second group HP signal=H, third group HP signal=H, fourth group HP signal=H&gt; 
     First, as the retiring operation of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 , the first and second lens groups are driven in the direction of the telephoto and pulse-driven by the specified pulse after the lowering of the reference signal is detected (first and groups; retire). Next, as the storing operation of the fourth lens group  14 , the reference position or HP position of the fourth lens group  14  is detected, and the fourth lens group is moved to the collapsed position (fourth group: storage). If the reference position or HP position of the fourth lens group  14  can be detected, as the storing operation of the third lens group, the reference position or HP position of the third lens group  13  is detected, and the third lens group is moved to the collapsed position (third group: storage). If the reference position or HP position of the fourth lens group  14  cannot be detected, because it is considered that the fourth lens group is interfered with the third lens group  13 , the storing operation of the third lens group  13  is previously carried out (third group: storage). 
     If the storing operation of the third lens group  13  is completed, and then the storing operation of the fourth lens group  14  is carried out (fourth group: storage). If the HP position is not detected at the time of operating the storage of the third lens group  13 , because it is considered that the third lens group  13  is interfered with the fourth lens group  14 , as the retiring operation of the third lens group  13 , the third lens group  13  is driven by the specified pulse count in the direction of the telephoto (third group: retire). Thereafter, the storing operation (fourth group: storage) of the fourth lens group  14  and the storing operation (third group: storage) of the third lens group  13  are carried out. 
     Subsequently, as the reset operation of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 , the reference position or HP position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is detected, and the first and second lens groups are moved to the wide angle position (first and second groups: Reset). Next, as the reset operation of the third lens group  13 , the reference position or HP position of the third lens group  13  is detected, and the third lens group is moved to the wide angle position (third group: Reset). Finally, as the reset operation of the fourth lens group  14 , the reference position or HP position of the fourth lens group  14  is detected, and the fourth lens group is moved to the wide angular infinite position (fourth group: Reset). 
     &lt;With respect to first and second group HP signal=L, third group HP signal=L, fourth group HP signal=L, first and second group HP signal=L, third group HP signal=L, fourth group HP signal=H&gt; 
     First, as the storing operation of the fourth lens group  14 , the reference position or HP position of the fourth lens group  14  is detected, and the fourth lens group is moved to the collapsed position (fourth group: storage). Next, as the storing operation of the third lens group  13 , the reference position or HP position of the third lens group  13  is detected, and the third lens group is moved to the collapsed position (third group: storage). Next, as the reset operation of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 , the reference position or HP position of the first and second lens groups is detected, and the first and second lens groups are moved to the wide angle position (first and second groups: Reset). Subsequently, as the reset operation of the third lens group  13 , the reference position or HP position of the third lens group  13  is detected, and the third lens group is moved to the wide angle position (third group: Reset). Finally, as the reset operation of the fourth lens group  14 , the reference position or HP position of the fourth lens group  14  is detected, and the fourth lens group is moved to the wide angular infinite position (fourth group: Reset). 
     &lt;With respect to first and second group HP signal=L, third group HP signal=H, fourth group HP signal=L, first and second group HP signal=L, third group HP signal=H, fourth group HP signal=H&gt; 
     First, as the storing operation of the fourth lens group  14 , the reference position or HP position of the fourth lens group  14  is detected, and the fourth lens group is moved to the collapsed position (fourth group: storage). If the reference position or HP position of the fourth lens group  14  can be detected, as the storing operation of the third lens group  13 , the reference position or HP position of the third lens group  13  is detected, and the third lens group is moved to the collapsed position (third group: storage). 
     If the reference position or HP position of the fourth lens group  14  cannot be detected, because it is considered that the fourth lens group is interfered with the third lens group  13 , the storing operation of the third lens group  13  is previously carried out (third group: storage). If the storing operation of the third lens group  13  is completed, and then the storing operation of the fourth lens group  14  is carried out (fourth group: storage). If the HP position is not detected at the time of operating the storage of the third lens group  13 , because it is considered that the third lens group  13  is interfered with the fourth lens group  14 , as the retiring operation of the third lens group  13 , the third lens group  13  is driven by the specified pulse count in the direction of the telephoto (third group: retire). 
     Thereafter, the storing operation (fourth group: storage) of the fourth lens group  14  and the storing operation (third group: storage) of the third lens group  13  are carried out. Subsequently, as the reset operation of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 , the reference position or HP position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is detected, and the first and second lens groups are moved to the wide angle position (first and second groups: Reset). Next, as the reset operation of the third lens group  13 , the reference position or HP position of the third lens group  13  is detected, and the third lens group is moved to the wide angle position (third group: Reset). Finally, as the reset operation of the fourth lens group  14 , the reference position or HP signal of the fourth lens group  14  is detected, and the fourth lens group is moved to the wide angular infinite position (fourth group: Reset). 
     [Storing Sequence] 
     The barrier switch signal changes from L to H by closing the lens barrier  62  to initiate the storing operation. Meanwhile, the barrier switch may be operated by mechanically closing the lens barrier  62  by means of an operating lever or the like, or the lens barrier  62  may be closed by operation of the barrier switch. 
     The shutter of the shutter/aperture stop unit  15  is set in the fully closed state through the full closing control of the shutter by the shutter motor  506 . Next, the aperture stop of the shutter/aperture stop unit  15  is set in the intermediately restricted state through the intermediate restricting control of the aperture stop by the first and second aperture stop driving motors  504  and  505 . Subsequently, the storing drive of the fourth lens group  14  is achieved through the fourth frame pulse motor  508 . The standby for detecting the reference position of the fourth frame pulse motor  508  by the fourth frame photo-interrupter  512  is set after the drive of the fourth frame pulse motor  508  to the collapsed position is initiated. 
     The fourth frame pulse motor  508  is pulse-driven by a moved amount to the collapsed position from a place where the reference positional signal or HP signal by the fourth frame photo-interrupter  512  changes from H to L to the collapsed position. The moved amount to the collapsed position is previously set, but the moved amount can be changed by storing it in a nonvolatile memory such as an EEPROM or the like and rewriting it. 
     Next, the drive of storing the third lens group  13  is executed through the third frame pulse motor  507 . The third lens group  13  is waited for detecting the reference position by the third frame photo-interrupter  511  by initiating the drive of the third frame pulse motor  507  in the direction of the collapsed position. 
     The third lens group  13  is pulse-driven by the moved amount to the collapsed position from the place where the reference position signal or HP signal by the third frame photo-interrupter  511  changes from H to L to the collapsed position. Although the moved amount to the collapsed position is set previously, the moved amount can be changed by storing it in a nonvolatile memory such as an EEPROM or the like and rewriting it. 
     The drive pulse rate of the third frame pulse motor  507  between the reference position and the collapsed position is lower than the drive pulse rate until the reference position. In this way, a smooth pulse drive can be accomplished by changing the pulse rate in accordance with an area in which a torque is necessary. 
     Next, the drive of storing the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is executed through the first and second frames DC motor  503 . The first and second lens groups are waited for detecting the reference position by the first and second frames photo-reflector  510  by initiating the drive of the first and second frames DC motor  503  in the direction of the collapsed position. 
     The control for the moved amount of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is achieved by counting the pulse like signal or PI signal by the first and second frames photo-interrupter  509  to acquire the moved amount to the collapsed position from the place where the reference position signal or HP signal by the first and second frames photo-reflector  510  changes from L to H to the collapsed position. Although the moved amount to the collapsed position is set previously, the moved amount can be configured to be changed by storing it in a nonvolatile memory such as an EEPROM or the like and rewriting it. 
     In the drive for storing the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 , if the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  reach the collapsed position by counting the PI signal by the first and second frames photo-interrupter  509  without dropping the voltage of the first and second frames DC motor  503  before stopping it, a breaking control is achieved in order to stop the drive of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 . This is reason the first and second group DC motor is not stopped at the middle of drive due to the dropping of voltage. 
     [Changing Magnification Sequence] 
     A sequence for operating a changing magnification is described with reference to a flow chart shown in  FIG. 26 . 
     When a changing magnification process is initiated by operating a zoom lever, zoom button or the like, whether it is necessary to retire the fourth lens group  14  is determined (step S 11 ). It is determined in the step S 11  that the retire process for the fourth lens group is required if the fourth lens group  14  is disposed in a nearer position than a predetermined position in the changing magnification process from the telephoto to the wide angle. Next, a direction of drive of the changing magnification is determined (step S 12 ). If it is the changing magnification from the wide angle to the telephoto, the drive of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is initiated by operating the first and second frames DC motor  503  (step S 13 ). 
     Next, whether the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  are stopped is determined (step S 14 ). It is determined in the step S 14  that the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  are stopped in a case satisfying either one of conditions in which if a zoom driving switch operated by changing magnification manipulation through the zoom lever or zoom button or the like becomes off, if the first and second lens groups reach a position in front of a predetermined amount from the telephoto position in the drive from the wide angle to the telephoto, and if the first and second lens groups reach a position in front of a predetermined amount from the wide angle position in the drive from the telephoto to the wide angle. 
     If the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  are stopped, whether the third lens group  13  is driving is determined (step S 15 ), if the third lens group  13  is stopping, the stopping operation of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is executed (step S 16 ) and the breaking operation of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is executed (step S 17 ). Subsequently, the driving direction of the changing magnification is determined (step S 18 ), if it is the changing magnification from the wide angle to the telephoto, drive for correcting a position of the third lens group  13  is achieved (step S 19 ), the drive of the aperture stop is executed (step S 20 ), and the process is completed and returned from the step S 20  to a process waiting state. 
     In the step S 11 , if it is determined that the retire process of the fourth lens group  14  is required, the retire process of the fourth lens group  14  is executed (step S 21 ), and the process is shifted from the step S 21  to the step S 12 . In the step S 12 , if it is determined the changing magnification driving direction is the changing magnification from the telephoto to the wide angle, the retire process of the third lens group  13  is executed (step S 22 ), the process is shifted from the step S 22  to the step S 14 . 
     In the step S 14 , if it is determined that the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  continue to drive without stopping them, whether the third lens group  13  is driving is determined (step S 23 ), if the third lens group  13  is stopping, whether the drive of the third lens group  13  is initiated is determined (step S 24 ). 
     It is determined in the step S 24  that the drive of the third lens group  13  is permitted in a case satisfying one of conditions in which if the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  are driven more than the specified driven amount after the initiation of the drive of the first and second lens groups, if the position of the third lens group  13  is away a predetermined amount or more from the position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  when the first and second lens groups pass a predetermined zooming point in the driving state that the third lens group  13  is re-driven from the wide angle to the telephoto, and if the position of the third lens group  13  is approaching a predetermined amount or more to the position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  when the first and second lens groups pass a predetermined zooming point in the driving state that the third lens group  13  is re-driven from the telephoto to the wide angle. 
     In the step S 24 , if the drive of the third lens group  13  is permitted, the drive of the third lens group is initiated (step S 25 ), the process is returned from the step S 25  to the step S 14 . In the step S 24 , if the drive of the third lens group  13  is not permitted, the process is returned from the step S 24  to the step S 14  directly. 
     In the step S 23 , if it is determined that the third lens group  13  is driving, whether the drive of the third lens group  13  is stopped is determined (step S 26 ). 
     It is determined in the step S 26  that the third lens group  13  is permitted in a case satisfying one of conditions in which if the position of the third lens group  13  approaches a predetermined amount or more to the position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  in the drive from the wide angle to the telephoto, and if the position of the third lens group  13  is away a predetermined or more from the position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  in the drive from the telephoto to the wide angle. 
     In the step S 26 , if the stop of the third lens group  13  is permitted, the stop of the third lens group is initiated (step S 27 ), the process is returned from the step S 27  to the step S 14 . In the step S 26 , if the stop of the third lens group  13  is not permitted, the process is returned the step S 26  to the step S 14  directly. 
     In the step S 15 , if it is determined that the third lens group  13  is driving, the stop of the third lens group  13  is initiated (step S 28 ), the process is shifted from the step S 28  to the step S 16 . In the step S 18 , if it is determined that the changing magnification driving direction is the changing magnification from the telephoto to the wide angle, a backlash operation is executed (step S 29 ), the process is shifted from the step S 29  to the step S 19 . 
     Next, a changing magnification operation depending on the flow chart is explained every the direction of changing magnification in detail. 
     [From Wide Angle to Telephoto] 
     First, a changing magnification operation from the wide angle to the telephoto is explained referring to the timing chart shown in  FIG. 27 . 
     By pressing down the zoom button, which is in a telephoto mode, the telephoto switch signal changes from H to L, a variable sequence to the telephoto direction is initiated. Initially, a retire determination of the fourth lens group  14  is executed (step S 11 ). 
     As described above, in the retire determination of the fourth lens group  14 , the fourth lens group is retired only if the following conditions are satisfied simultaneously (And). 
     (1) Changing magnification drive from telephoto to the wide angle. 
     (2) The fourth lens group  14  is positioned in a nearer position to the subject or drawing out position away from a predetermined position or retired threshold position. 
     However, because the above-mentioned conditions are not satisfied in the drive from the wide angle to the telephoto, the fourth lens group  14  is not retired. 
     Next, the driving direction, whether the third lens group  13  is retired is determined (step S 12 ). In the case of the changing magnification drive from the wide angle to the telephoto, the retiring drive of the third lens group  13  is not required. The drive of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is initiated through the first and second frames DC motor  503  (step S 13 ). 
     In an actuating period right after the initiation of actuation of the first and second frames DC motor  503 , the drive voltage is set to be lower than the stationary voltage in order to prevent an incoming current by the first and second group DC motor. After the actuating period is lapsed, the drive voltage is increased to the stationary voltage. The drive voltage between the wide angle and the telephoto is set to be lower than that between the collapsed position and wide angle position. This is reason a higher speed is required between the stored and wide angle positions, hence a higher voltage is set and a suitable voltage setting is made between the wide angle and the telephoto to allow the first and second frames DC motor  503  to stop at a desired position by operation of the zoom button. 
     The control of the moved amount of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is achieved by counting the pulse-like signal or PI signal by the first and second frames photo-interrupter  509 . The zooming points each of which is a control reference position are set in 17 points in which a distance between the wide angle and the telephoto is divided into 16 equally. 
     Next, whether the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  are stopped is determined (step S 14 ). In the determination for stopping the drive of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 , if either one of the following conditions is satisfied (OR), a stopping process is executed. 
     (1) A telephoto zooming drive switch operated by the changing magnification operation through the zoom lever or zoom button or the like is turned off, in other words, changed from L to H. 
     (2) The first and second lens groups reach a position in front of the telephoto position when driving from the wide angle to the telephoto. 
     During the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  continue to drive, the determination of driving initiation/driving stop of the third lens group  13  is executed in response to the status (during driving or stopping) of the third lens group  13  (step S 23 ). If the third lens group  13  is stopping, the determination of drive initiation of the third lens group  13  is executed (step S 24 ), if the initiation is permitted, the drive of the third lens group  13  is initiated. In the step S 24 , the drive of the third lens group  13  is initiated if either one of the following conditions is satisfied. 
     (1) The first and second lens groups  11  and  12  are driven the specified driven amount or more after the initiation of the drive of the first and second lens groups. 
     (2) During the third lens group  13  is re-driving in the drive from the wide angle to the telephoto, the position of the third lens group  13  is away by a predetermined amount from the position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  when the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  pass a predetermined zooming point. 
     Moreover, if the third lens group is driving, whether the third lens group  13  is stopped is determined (step S 26 ), if the stop is permitted, the drive of the third lens group  13  is stopped. In the determination whether the third lens group  13  is stopped, the third lens group  13  is stopped if the following condition is satisfied. 
     The position of the third lens group  13  is positioned close than the predetermine amount to the position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  in the drive from the wide angle to the telephoto. 
     That is to say, the first and second lens group  11  and  12  are actuated, if the driven amount of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  becomes the specified pulse or more, the drive of the third lens group  13  is initiated. During simultaneous drive of the first, second and third lens groups, if the position of the third lens group  13  approaches by the predetermined amount to the position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 , the drive of the third lens group  13  is stopped. Thereafter, the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  are away from the third lens group  13 , if they are away from the third lens group  13  by a predetermined amount, the drive of the third lens group  13  is re-started. 
     The drive and stop of the third lens group  13  are repeated in response to a positional relationship among the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 , and the third lens group  13 . Thereby, it is possible to achieve the changing magnification drive while maintaining a distance among the first, second, and third lens groups  11 ,  12  and  13 . 
     When actuating these lens groups, the influence of the incoming current can be avoided by initiating the drive of the third lens group  13  after the drive of the specified amount or more is carried out, therefore the current consumption is reduced. 
     If the telephoto switch signal changes from L to H before the initiation of the initial drive of the third lens group  13 , the stop of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is controlled without the simultaneous drive of the third lens group  13  therewith. If the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  are stopped after the stop of them is determined, if the third lens group  13  is driving, the stop operation of the third lens group  13  is initiated. The stop of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is also initiated. During the stop operation of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 , a lower speed control period is set, and the drive voltage of the first and second frames DC motor  503  is lowered depending on a residual pulse number to a target position. 
     Thereby, the overrun amount of the first and second lens groups when reaching the target position is decreased. If the first and second lens groups reach the target position by counting the PI signal by the first and second frames photo-interrupter  509 , a breaking operation is executed in order to stop the drive of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 . A final position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is decided by further counting the overrun amount during the period of breaking. 
     After the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  are stopped, a correction drive for the position of the third lens group  13  is executed. This is configured to compute the stopping position of the third lens group  13  corresponding to the final stopping position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  and drive the third lens group  13  to the stopping position. A target stopping position of the third lens group  13  corresponding to the stopping position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is interpolatively computed from the positional information of the first and second lens groups every the zooming point and the positional information of the third lens group  13  every the zooming point. Thereafter, the drive of the aperture stop is achieved to set a position of the aperture stop corresponding to the stopped zooming position of the third lens group  13  (step S 20 ). 
     [From the Telephoto to the Wide Angle] 
     Next, a changing magnification operation from the telephoto to the wide angle is described with reference to the timing chart shown in  FIG. 28 . 
     By pressing down the zoom button, which is in a wide angular mode, the wide angular switch signal changes from H to L, a variable sequence with respect to the wide angular direction is initiated. Initially, a retire determination of the fourth lens group  14  is executed (step S 11 ). 
     As described above, in the retire determination of the fourth lens group  14 , the fourth lens group is retired only if the following conditions are satisfied simultaneously (And). 
     (1) Changing magnification drive from telephoto to the wide angle. 
     (2) The fourth lens group  14  is positioned in a closer position to the subject or drawing out position away from a predetermined position or retired threshold position. 
     If the position of the fourth lens group  14  is in the nearer position than the predetermined position when driving from the telephoto to the wide angle. The retired amount is set to a range in which the third lens group  13  does not interfere with the fourth lens group  14  in the variable operation of the third lens group  13 . 
     Next, the third lens group  13  is retired. In order to prevent the interference of the third lens group with the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  depending on the drive of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 , the third lens group  13  is driven previously by the specified amount. The drive of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is then initiated through the first and second frames DC motor  503 . 
     As described above, in the actuating period right after the initiation of actuation of the first and second frames DC motor  503 , the drive voltage is set to be lower than the stationary voltage in order to prevent the incoming current by the first and second group DC motor. After the actuating period is lapsed, the drive voltage is increased to the stationary voltage. 
     The control of the moved amount of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is achieved by counting the pulse-like signal or PI signal by the first and second frames photo-interrupter  509 . As described above, the zooming points each of which is a control reference position are set in 17 points in which a distance between the wide angle and the telephoto is divided into 16 equally. 
     In the determination for stopping the drive of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 , if either one of the following conditions is satisfied (OR), the stopping process is executed, as described above. 
     (1) A telephoto zooming drive switch operated by the changing magnification operation through the zoom lever or zoom button or the like is turned off, in other words, changed from L to H. 
     (2) The first and second lens groups  11  and  12  reach a position in front of the telephoto position when driving from the telephoto to the wide angle. 
     During the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  continue to drive, the determination of driving initiation/driving stop of the third lens group  13  is executed in response to the status (during driving or stopping) of the third lens group  13 . If the third lens group  13  is stopping, the determination for the initiation of drive of the third lens group  13  is executed, if the initiation is permitted, the drive of the third lens group  13  is initiated. In the determination for initiating the drive of the third lens group  13 , the drive of the third lens group  13  is initiated if either one of the following conditions is satisfied. 
     (1) The first and second lens groups  11  and  12  are driven the specified driven amount or more after the initiation of the drive of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 . 
     (2) During the third lens group  13  is re-driving in the drive from the telephoto to the wide angle, the position of the third lens group  13  approaches by a predetermined amount to the position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  when the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  pass a predetermined zooming point. 
     Moreover, if the third lens group  13  is driving, the determination for stopping the drive of the third lens group  13  is executed, if the stop is permitted, the drive of the third lens group  13  is stopped. In the determination whether the third lens group  13  is stopped, the third lens group  13  is stopped if the following condition is satisfied. 
     The position of the third lens group  13  is away the predetermine amount or more from the position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  in the drive from the telephoto to the wide angle. 
     That is to say, the first and second lens group  11  and  12  are actuated, if the driven amount of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  becomes the specified amount or more, the drive of the third lens group  13  is initiated. During simultaneous drive of the first, second and third lens groups  11 ,  12  and  13 , if the position of the third lens group  13  is away the predetermined amount from the position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 , the drive of the third lens group  13  is stopped. Thereafter, the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  approach to the third lens group  13 , if they approach to the third lens group  13  the specified amount or more, the drive of the third lens group  13  is re-started. 
     The drive and stop of the third lens group  13  are repeated in response to a positional relationship among the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 , and the third lens group  13 . Thereby, it is possible to achieve the changing magnification drive while maintaining a distance among the first, second, and third lens groups  11 ,  12 , and  13 . 
     In actuating these lens groups, the influence of the incoming current of the first and second frames DC motor  503  can be avoided by initiating the drive of the third lens group  13  after the specified pulse or more is counted, therefore the current consumption is reduced. 
     When the third lens group  13  is driven to the wide angular direction, during the drive of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 , basically a control for eliminating a backlash in the movement of the third lens group  13  is required when it is stopped, but the control is not carried out during the changing magnification operation to accomplish a smooth movement of the third lens group. 
     If the wide angular switch signal changes from L to H before the initiation of the initial drive of the third lens group  13 , the stop of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is controlled without the simultaneous drive of the third lens group  13  therewith. If the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  are stopped after the stop of them is determined, if the third lens group  13  is driving, the stop operation of the third lens group  13  is initiated. The stop of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is also initiated. During the stop operation of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 , a lower speed control period is set, and the drive voltage of the first and second frames DC motor  503  is lowered depending on a residual pulse number to a target position. 
     Thereby, the overrun amount of the first and second lens groups when reaching the target position is decreased. If the first and second lens groups reach the target position by counting the PI signal by the first and second frames photo-interrupter  509 , a breaking operation is executed in order to stop the drive of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 . A final position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is decided by further counting the overrun amount during the period of breaking. 
     Furthermore, a control for eliminating a backlash of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is executed in the movement from the telephoto to the wide angle thereof. 
     After the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  are stopped, a correction drive for the position of the third lens group  13  is executed. This is configured to compute the stopping position of the third lens group  13  corresponding to the final stopping position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  and drive the third lens group  13  to the stopping position. A target stopping position of the third lens group  13  corresponding to the stopping position of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  is interpolatively computed from the positional information of the first and second lens groups every the zooming point and the positional information of the third lens group  13  every the zooming point. In the drive in the wide angular direction of the third lens group  13 , the control for eliminating the backlash of the third lens group  13  is executed after it is stopped. Thereafter, the drive of the aperture stop is achieved so that the aperture stop is disposed in a position corresponding to the stopped zooming position of the third lens group  13 . 
     In this example, the drive voltage of the first and second frames DC motor  503  when it is driven in the wide angular direction is set to be higher than that in the telephoto direction in the changing magnification operation between the wide angle and the telephoto. The pulse rate of the third frame pulse motor  507  in the wide angular direction is set to be faster than that in the telephoto direction. An intermittent control for the third lens group  13  is accomplished based on the positional relationship among the first, second, and third lens groups  11 ,  12 , and  13  in order to maintain the distance among the first, second, and third lens groups  11 ,  12 , and  13 . Therefore, the drive speed of the third lens group  13  is set to be the same as or faster than the drive speed of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 , in the movement in the telephoto direction. 
     Similarly, the drive speed of the third lens group  13  is set to be the same as or faster than the drive speed of the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 , in the movement in the wide angular direction. With such a structure, the third lens group  13  is driven so that the third lens group  13  is not away a predetermined amount or more from the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  in the movement in the telephoto direction, and does not contact with the first and second lens groups  11  and  12  in the movement in the wide angular direction. 
     Moreover, although the driving re-start timing of the third lens group  13  is set at the time of passing the predetermined zooming point in this example, the timing may be set every the time of detecting the pulse-like signal or PI signal by the first and second frames photo-interrupter  509  generating in driving the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 , or every a predetermined count number of the PI signal. 
     Thereby, it is possible to accomplish a further fine intermittent control of the third lens group  13  and improve accuracy of the distance among the first, second and third lens groups. 
     In the above-mentioned embodiments, the structure in which the third lens group  13  can be retracted out the lens cylinder unit transverse to the optical axis X has been described. In this structure, the retracted third lens group has the minimum outer diameter. When the third lens group having the minimum outer diameter is retracted, a projective size of the lens barrel in which the third lens group is retracted can be minimized efficiently, and the thickness of the lens barrel can be reduced. 
     Moreover, when the retracted lens is extended out of the fixed frame, a size of the device (lead screw and so on) for driving the retired lens group or the third lens group is minimized by taking a structure such that the retracted lens is not way from the imaging plane possibly. 
     Furthermore, the lens retaining frame of the third lens group  13  or the third lens group  13  itself is larger than the lens retaining frames of the other lens groups  11 ,  12 ,  14  or the other lens groups  11 ,  12 ,  14  in length along the optical axis X, in other words, thickness. 
     When the thickness of the third lens group  13  is larger than that of the other lens groups  11 ,  12 , and  14 , consequently, the thickness of the other lens groups decreases, therefore, the thickness of the lens barrel can be reduced when the lens barrel is in the collapsible position. 
     As a result, the thickness of the lens barrel or a size in the direction of the optical axis of the lens barrel is minimized. 
     Because the retract lens group or the third lens group  13  is disposed behind and adjacent the shutter having the aperture stop function, the diameter of the lens barrel is less, and the retraction of the third lens group is simplified without considering the interference of the shutter with the lens group unit and separating the position of the shutter from the lens cylinder unit, excessively. 
     Next, a structure of the plurality of lens groups is explained in further detail. 
     The first lens group  11  has a positive power, the second lens group  12  has a negative power, the third lens group  13  has a positive power, and the fourth lens group  14  has a positive power. A changing magnification operation is achieved by changing at least one of intervals between the first and second lens groups  11  and  12 , between the second and third lens groups  12  and  13 , and between the third and fourth lens groups  13  and  14 . A focusing operation is achieved by moving the fourth lens group  14  along the optical axis X. 
     The shutter/aperture unit  15  is disposed between the second lens group  12  and the third lens group  13 . In other words, the shutter having the function of the aperture stop is positioned in front of the third lens group  13 . The four lens groups are provided in the lens cylinder unit. Because the third lens group having the minimum outer diameter is retracted out of the lens cylinder unit without separating from the image plane excessively, the retraction of the third lens group  13  can be accomplished with the minimum movement and the outer diameter of the lens barrel can be minimized. In addition, the thickness of the lens barrel is decreased by retraction of at least one lens group. 
     Furthermore, it is possible to provide a compact lens barrel having a high changing magnification ratio, 4 times or more. 
     Meanwhile, the lens groups may be structured from a first lens group having a positive power, a second lens group having a negative power, and a third lens group having a positive power, and the third lens group may be retracted. 
     Alternatively, the lens groups may be structured by a first lens group having a negative power, a second lens group having a positive power, and a third lens group having a positive power, and the second lens group or the third lens group may be retracted. 
     Each of the lens groups may be structured from one or more lenses, and the lens groups herein indicate integral one or more lenses. Therefore, all the lens groups may be structured by one lens, respectively. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 17  to  FIG. 19 , a camera including an optical system device having the lens barrel according to the present invention as shown in the first embodiment will be described. 
     Although the lens barrel is applied to the camera here, the lens barrel is also used to a portable information terminal such as so-called PDA (Personal Data Assistant) or a mobile phone, having a camera function or functional part installed therein. 
     Many of such portable information terminals have the function and the structure substantially identical to the function and the structure of the camera, although the appearance is slightly different, and hence the optical system device including the lens barrel according to the present invention may be employed in such mobile information terminals. Further, the lens barrel according to the present invention may be applied to an imaging device such as a copying machine, a scanner or the like. 
     As shown in  FIG. 17  and  FIG. 18 , the camera includes an image pickup lens  101 , a shutter button  102 , a zoom lever  103 , a finder  104 , a strobe light  105 , a liquid crystal display (=LCD)  106 , an operating button  107 , a power switch  108 , a memory card slot  109 , an expansion card slot  110 , the barrier-operating element  301  and so on. 
     Furthermore, as shown in  FIG. 19 , the camera also includes a photodetector  201 , a signal-processing unit  202 , an image-processing unit  203 , a central processing unit (CPU)  204 , a semiconductor memory  205 , and an expansion card  206 . Although it is not shown clearly, electric power is supplied from a battery as an electric source to the above-mentioned parts to operate the parts. 
     The photodetector  201  serves as an area sensor such as a CCD (charge coupled device) image pickup element or the like to read an image of a subject to be photographed, that is, of an photographing subject, formed by the image pickup lens  101 , which is a photographing optical system. As the image pickup lens  101 , the optical system device including the lens barrel according to the present invention as described in the first embodiment is employed. 
     More specifically, the optical system device includes a plurality lens groups as optical elements and a telescopic cylinder unit retaining the lens groups, which constitute the lens barrel. 
     The lens barrel has a mechanism of retaining the respective lens groups in the lens cylinder such that the lens groups can be moved in response to the movement of the lens cylinder along the optical axis of the lens groups, similarly to the above-mentioned embodiment. The image pickup lens  101  to be integrated in the camera is generally integrated in the form of this optical system device. 
     An output from the photodetector  201  is processed by the signal-processing unit  202 , which is controlled by the central processing unit  204 , and is converted into digital image information. The image information digitized by the signal-processing unit  202  is subjected to a predetermined image processing in the image-processing unit  203  which is also controlled by the central processing unit  204 , and then stored in the semiconductor memory  205  such as a non-volatile memory. 
     In this case, the semiconductor memory  205  may be a memory card inserted in the memory card slot  109 , or may be a semiconductor memory integrated in a body of the camera. The liquid crystal display (=LCD)  106  may display the photographing image or may display the image stored in the semiconductor memory  205 . An image stored in the semiconductor memory  205  can be transmitted to the outside of the camera via the expansion card  206  inserted in the expansion card slot  110 . Meanwhile, the above-mentioned central processing unit (CPU)  501  shown in  FIG. 21  to control the drive of the lens groups may be included in the central processing unit  204 , otherwise structured by use of other micro-processor connecting with the unit  501 . 
     The image pickup lens  101  is embedded within the camera body into a collapsed or stored state as shown in  FIG. 17  A when being transported, and the lens barrier  62  is also into a closed state. When a user operates the barrier-operating element  301  and opens the lens barrier  62 , the power is turned on and the lens barrel is moved from the closed position to an opened position and projected from the camera body as shown in  FIG. 17B , so that the photographing state is established. At this time, the image pickup lens  101  within the lens barrel is set so that the respective lens groups of the optical systems constituting a zoom lens are arranged, for example, at a short focal length wide angle position. 
     When the zoom lever  103  is operated, the arrangement of the respective lens groups in the optical system is changed through the movement of the lens groups along the optical axis, therefore, the zoom can be varied to the telephoto position. 
     Preferably, an optical system of the finder  104  is configured such that the zooming is varied in association with the change of the angle of field of the image pickup lens  101 . 
     In many cases, focusing is achieved by half-pressing operation of the shutter button  102 . The focusing with the zoom lens in the lens barrel according to the present invention is achieved mainly by moving the fourth lens group  14 . When the shutter button  102  is further pressed to a completely pressed state, the photographing is achieved, and subsequently the processing as described above is performed. 
     In order to display the image stored in the semiconductor memory  205  on the liquid crystal display (=LCD)  106  or transmit the same to the outside of the camera via the expansion card  206 , the operating button  107  is operated in a predetermined manner. The semiconductor memory  205  and the communication card  206  or the like are used by being inserted in a specific or multi-purpose slot such as the memory card slot  109  and the communication car slot  110 . 
     When the image pickup lens  101  is in the stored state, the third lens group  13  is retracted out of the optical axis, and hence is stored in a line with the first lens group  11  and the second lens group  12  in a juxtaposed manner. Therefore, further reduction in thickness of the camera is achieved. 
     Generally, because a finder mechanism is disposed above of the lens barrel, therefore, certain camera operation is easy. Moreover, if the lens barrel includes a zoom changing magnification mechanism, because the finder mechanism also needs the zoom changing magnification mechanism, it is preferable that a drive source (DC motor, pulse motor or the like) for conducting the zoom changing magnification operation and a transmission mechanism (gear connecting mechanism or the like) for transferring a driving force of the drive source to the lens groups are disposed adjacent the finder mechanism. For example, if the finder mechanism is disposed on upper and left position of the lens barrel, the drive source and the transmission mechanism are disposed adjacent the upper and left position of the lens barrel to use a limited space effectively. 
     Next, the frame  31  for the retractable lens group or third lens group  13  is retracted, the retaining frame is stored below the lens barrel in consideration of the left space. The space is lower and right position or lower and left position of the lens barrel. In the embodiment, the space is disposed on the lower and right position of the lens barrel to store the retaining frame of the retracted third lens group. The above-mentioned storage part of the fixed lens cylinder is disposed at the position. 
     The drive source and the transmission mechanism for driving the lens groups are disposed at the lower and left position. As a result, a miniaturized lens barrel can be accomplished with effective use of fourth corners, the upper and left position, the upper and right position, the lower and right position, and the lower and left position of a usual circular lens barrel. 
     Next, an embodiment of a preferred zoom lens will be specifically explained by using the lens barrel, lens driving device, camera and mobile information terminal according to the above embodiment. 
     Referring herein below to the drawings, a zoom lens included in the above lens barrel (hereinafter, referred to as a zoom lens), lens unit, camera and mobile information terminal according to the present invention will be described in detail based on a third embodiment of the present invention. 
     Next, the third embodiment according to the present invention will be more specifically described. 
     The zoom lens according to the present invention comprises a four lens group structure, sequentially arranged from an object side, positive, negative, positive and positive, more particularly, a first lens group having positive refracting power, a second lens group having negative refracting power, a third lens group having positive refracting power, a fourth lens group having positive refracting power and an aperture stop disposed between the second lens group and third lens group. In the above zoom lens comprising the four lens groups having the positive, negative, positive and positive, the second lens group generally has a major changing magnification function, and is constructed as a so-called variator. However, in the zoom lens according to the present invention, the third lens group shares the changing magnification function to reduce the share of the second lens group. Therefore, the flexibility of aberration correction to be difficult with wide angle and high changing magnification is ensured. At the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position, by largely moving the first lens group to the object side, the height of ray passing the first lens group at the wide angle position (distance from the optical axis) is lowered to control the size of the first lens group with the wide angle, and also large spacing between the first lens group and the second lens group is ensured at the telephoto position to accomplish a long focal length. 
     Moreover, in the zoom lens of the present invention, the lens barrel structure is simplified and the eccentric accuracy between the groups is ensured by keeping the second lens group in a fixed position at the time for changing magnification. Of course, giving priority to the aberration correction, it is advantageous to move all lens groups. However, it complicates the structure of the lens barrel, and easily causes a manufacturing error. The fixed second lens group at the time for changing magnification is a major premise of the present invention. 
     At the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position, when the first and third lens groups monotonically move to the object side, the spacing between the first lens group and the second lens group is increased, and the spacing between the second lens group and the third lens group is reduced. Thereby, the magnifications of the second and third lens groups is are increased, and the second and third lens groups share the changing magnification function each other. 
     Moreover, the fourth lens group moves to be located closer to the image side than the wide angle position at the telephoto position. By this moving, the magnification of the fourth lens group is increased at the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position, so that the fourth lens group can share the changing magnification function. Accordingly, the changing magnification is effectively performed in a limited space. 
     In addition, sufficient aberration correction becomes possible after accomplishing a target wide angle and high changing magnification by satisfying the following condition equation.
 
0.60&lt; m 4 T&lt; 0.85
 
     Where m4T indicates an imaging magnification of the fourth lens group at the telephoto position. 
     In this case, if m4T is 0.60 or less, the luminous flux emitted from the third lens group comes close to an afocal; thus, the third lens group cannot effectively contribute to the changing magnification. As a result, the share of the changing magnification of the second lens group is increased. Accordingly, it becomes difficult to correct the curved field and astigmatism which increase with the wide angle. On the contrary, if m4T is 0.85 or more, the fourth lens group becomes too close to the image surface. Thereby, a necessary back-focus can not be ensured or the refracting power of the fourth lens group becomes too small. If the refracting power of the fourth lens group becomes too small, the exit pupil comes close to the image surface. Therefore, the ray incidence angle to the peripheral part of the light-receiving element is increased, thereby, easily causing the shortage of the light volume in the peripheral part. 
     It is more preferable to satisfy the following condition equation.
 
0.65&lt; m 4 T&lt; 0.80
 
     Furthermore, it is preferable to satisfy the following condition equation regarding the change in the magnification of the fourth lens group at the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position.
 
1.0&lt; m 4 T/m 4 W&lt; 1.3
 
     Where m4W indicates an imaging magnification of the fourth lens group at the wide angle position. 
     In this case, if (m4T/m4W) is 1.0 or less, the fourth lens group can not contribute to the changing magnification. As a result, the shares of the changing magnification of the second and third lens groups are increased. Accordingly, it becomes difficult to balance the image surface at the time for changing magnification. On the contrary, if (m4T/m4W) is 1.3 or more, the share of the changing magnification of the fourth lens group becomes too big. Therefore, it becomes difficult to correct the aberration with the simple structure of the fourth lens group, for example, one positive lens. 
     It is more preferable to satisfy the following condition equation.
 
1.05&lt; m 4 T/m 4 W&lt; 1.2
 
     In the present invention, the second lens group is kept in the fixed position at the time for changing magnification, so that the spacing between the first lens group and the second lens group is determined only by the amount of moving of the first lens group. In this relation, it is preferable to satisfy the following condition equation.
 
0.50&lt; X 1/ f   T &lt;0.85
 
     Where X1 indicates a total amount of moving of the first lens group at the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position, and f T  indicates a focal length of the entire system at the telephoto position. 
     In this case, if (X1/f T ) is 0.50 or less, the contribution of the second lens group to the changing magnification is reduced. Thereby, the share of the third lens group is increased or the refracting power of the first and second lens groups has to be strengthened. Anyhow, various types of aberration are deteriorated. In addition, the total length of the lens is increased at the wide angle position, and the height of ray passing the first lens group is thereby increased. Accordingly, the size of the first lens group is increased. On the contrary, if (X1/f T ) is 0.85 or more, the total length becomes too short at the wide angle position or the total length becomes too long at the telephoto position. If the total length becomes too short at the wide angle position, the moving space of the third lens group is limited; thus, the contribution of the third lens group to the changing magnification is reduced. Therefore, it becomes difficult to correct the entire aberration. If the total length becomes too long at the telephoto position, it disturbs downsizing the total length, and also the diameter is increased to ensure the peripheral light volume at the telephoto position. In addition, the image performance is easily deteriorated by the manufacturing error such as the falling of the lens barrel. 
     It is more preferably to satisfy the following condition equation.
 
0.60&lt; X 1/ f   T &lt;0.75
 
     The spacing between the second lens group and the third lens group is determined only by the amount of moving of the third lens group as well as the spacing between the first lens group and second lens group is determined only by the amount of moving of the first lens group. In this relation, it is preferable to satisfy the following condition equation.
 
0.25&lt; X 3/ f   T &lt;0.50
 
     Where X3 indicates a total amount of moving of the third lens group at the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position. 
     In this case, if (X3/f T ) is 0.25 or less, the contribution of the third lens group to the changing magnification is reduced. As a result, the share of the second lens group is increased or the refracting power of the third lens group has to be strengthened. Anyhow, various types of aberration are deteriorated. On the contrary, if (X3/f T ) is 0.45 or more, the total length of the lens becomes too long at the wide angle position, and the height of ray passing the first lens group is thereby increased. Accordingly, the size of the first lens group is increased. 
     It is more preferable to satisfy the following condition equation.
 
0.30&lt; X 3/ f   T &lt;0.45
 
     Regarding the aberration correction, it is further preferable to satisfy the following condition equations.
 
0.6&lt;| f   2   /f   3 &lt;1.0
 
6.0&lt; f   1   /f   W &lt;10.0
 
     Where f 1  indicates a focal length of the first lens group, f 2  indicates a focal length of the second lens group, f 3  indicates a focal length of the third lens group, and f W  indicates a focal length of the entire system at the wide angle position. 
     In this case, if (|f 2 |/f 3 ) is 0.6 or less, the refracting power of the second lens group becomes too strong. If (|f 2 |/f 3 ) is 1.0 or more, the refracting power of the third lens group becomes too strong. Anyhow, the aberration fluctuation tends to be increased at the time for changing magnification. 
     Moreover, if (f 1 /f W ) is 6.0 or less, the imaging magnification of the second lens group comes close to the equal magnification to increase the changing magnification efficiency. It is advantageous in the high changing magnification, but each of the lenses in the first lens group requires large refracting power. Therefore, it has a negative effect such as the deterioration in the chromatic aberration especially at the telephoto position. Moreover, the thickness and the diameter of the first lens group are increased. Accordingly, it is disadvantageous in downsizing especially with a collapsed state. On the contrary, if (f 1 /f W ) is 12.0 or more, the contribution of the second lens group to the changing magnification is reduced. Therefore, it becomes difficult to obtain the high changing magnification. 
     In addition, the above described object of the present invention can be accomplished by the following structure. More particularly, in a zoom lens comprising four lens groups, sequentially arranged from an object side, a first lens group having positive refracting power, a second lens group having negative refracting power, an aperture stop, a third lens group having positive refracting power and a fourth lens group having positive refracting power, the first lens group and the third lens group monotonically move to the object side at the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position, the second lens group is kept in a fixed position at the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position and fourth lens group moves to be located closer to the image side than the wide angle position at the telephoto position. Such a zoom lens can be constructed to satisfy the following condition equation.
 
0.50&lt; X 1/ f   T &lt;0.85
 
     Where X1 indicates a total amount of moving of the first lens group at the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position, and f T  indicates a focal length of the entire system at the telephoto position. 
     In the zoom lens of the present invention, the aperture stop moves independently of the second and third lens groups adjacent to the aperture stop, and it is preferable for the spacing between the aperture stop and the third lens group to be the widest at the wide angle position and to be the narrowest at the telephoto position. 
     It becomes possible to bring the aperture stop close to the first lens group at the wide angle position to lower the height of ray passing the first lens group by making the spacing between the aperture stop and the third lens group to be the widest at the wide angle position. Accordingly, the first lens group can be further downsized. 
     Next, conditions for performing further preferable aberration correction will be described within a range without discouraging the downsizing. 
     It is preferable for the second lens group to include three lenses, sequentially arranged from the object side, a negative lens having a large curvature surface on the image side, a positive lens having a large curvature surface on the image side and a negative lens having a large curvature surface on the object side. 
     When the second lens group comprises three lenses as a changing magnification group having negative refracting power, there is a well known structure, sequentially arranged from an object side, a negative lens, a negative lens and a positive lens. However, compared with this structure, the above described structure is superior to the correction ability of the chromatic aberration of magnification with the wide angle. Here, in the second lens group, the second lens and the third lens from the object side can be appropriately cemented. 
     In this case, it is preferable for the respective lenses of the second lens group to satisfy the following condition equations.
 
1.75&lt; N   21 &lt;1.90,35&lt;ν 21 &lt;50
 
1.65&lt; N   22 &lt;1.90,20&lt;ν 22 &lt;35
 
1.75&lt; N   23 &lt;1.90,35&lt;ν 23 &lt;50
 
     Where N 2i  indicates a refraction index of i-th lens counting from the object side in the second lens group, and ν 2i  indicates an Abbe number of i-th lens counting from the object side in the second lens group. 
     The chromatic aberration can be further preferably corrected by selecting such a glass type. 
     It is preferable for the first lens group to comprise at least one negative lens and at least one positive lens, sequentially arranged from the object side. More particularly, it is preferable for the first lens group to comprise two lenses, sequentially arranged from the object side, a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface on the object side and a positive lens having a strong convex surface on the object side, or to comprise three lenses, sequentially arranged from the object side, a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface on the object side, a positive lens having a strong convex surface on the object side and a positive lens having a strong convex surface on the object side. 
     It is preferable for the third lens group to comprise three lenses, sequentially arranged from the object side, a positive lens, positive lens and negative lens. Here, in the third lens group, the second lens and the third lens from the object side can be appropriately cemented. 
     It is preferable for the fourth lens group to comprise one positive lens. When focusing to a finite distance, it is preferable to use a method for moving only the fourth lens group because the weight of the object to be moved is the smallest. In addition, the amount of moving of the fourth lens group at the time for changing magnification is small, and the fourth lens group also has a merit capable of using a moving mechanism both as the changing magnification and the focusing. 
     In order to further improve the downsizing while keeping preferable aberration correction, it is necessary to use an aspheric surface. It is desirable for at least the second lens group and the third lens group to use at least one aspheric surface, respectively. Especially, in the second lens group, if the surface of the object most side and the surface of the image most side are the aspheric lenses, it is possible to obtain a high effect for the correction of the distortion, astigmatism and the like which tend to be increased with the wide angle. 
     A molded optical glass and a molded optical plastic (referred to as a glass mold aspheric surface and a plastic mold aspheric surface), and also an aspheric surface lens formed by molding a thin resin layer on a glass lens, and forming the surface as an aspheric surface (referred to as a hybrid aspheric surface, replica aspheric surface or the like), etc., can be used as the aspheric surface lens. 
     In order to simplify the mechanism, it is desirable for the opening diameter of the aperture stop to be a constant regardless of the changing magnification. However, the change in the F-number (F value) with the changing magnification can be reduced by setting the opening diameter of the long focal length position larger than the short focal length position. In addition, when the light volume reaching the image surface is necessary to be reduced, the aperture stop can be downsized. However, it is preferable to reduce the light volume by inserting a ND (Natural Density) filter and the like without largely changing the diameter of the aperture stop, because the deterioration in the resolution by the diffraction phenomenon can be prevented. 
     If a camera is constructed by using the above zoom lens or the lens unit using the zoom lens as an optical system for photographing, a sufficient wide field angle that the half field angle of the wide angle position is 38 degrees or more can be obtained, and also a changing magnification ratio of 4.5 times or more can be obtained. Moreover, by using the compact zoom lens having a resolution corresponding to an image pick up device having three million to five million pixels or more, it is possible to obtain a compact and highly portable camera. Furthermore, it is possible to obtain a high image quality by the high resolution. 
     If a mobile information terminal is constructed by using the above zoom lens or the lens unit using the zoom lens as an optical system for photographing of a camera functional part, a sufficient wide field angle that the half field angle of the wide angle position is 38 degrees or more can be obtained, and also a changing magnification ratio of 4.5 times or more can be obtained. Moreover, by using the compact zoom lens having a resolution corresponding to an image pick up device having three million to five million pixels or more, it is possible to obtain a compact and highly portable mobile information terminal. Furthermore, it is possible to obtain a high image quality by the high resolution. 
     Embodiment 1 
     Next, specific embodiments will be described in detail based on the above embodiment of the present invention. The following embodiments 1, 2, 3, 4 are the embodiments specifically structured by the specific numerical examples of the zoom lenses according to the present invention. The embodiment 5 is the specific embodiment of the camera or the mobile information terminal according to the present invention using the lens unit comprising the zoom lens as described in the embodiments 1 to 4 as the optical system for photographing. 
     The embodiments 1 to 4 of the zoom lenses according to the present invention indicate the structures of the zoom lenses and the specific numeral examples. In addition, in the embodiments 1 to 4, the maximum image height is 3.70 mm. 
     In each of the embodiments 1 to 4, an optical element comprising a parallel plate disposed on the image side of the fourth lens group assumes various types of optical filters such as an optical lowpass filter and infrared cut filter, or a cover glass (seal glass) of a light receiving element such as a CCD sensor. In this case, a filter/cover is used as the optical element. 
     Optical glasses are used for the materials of the respective lenses except that optical plastics are used for the ninth lens (fourth lens group) in the embodiment 1 and the tenth lens (fourth lens group) in the embodiment 3. 
     In each of the embodiments 1 to 4, the surface of the object most side and the surface of the image most side in the second lens group, both surfaces of the lens of the object most side in the third lens group and the surface of the object most side in the fourth lens group use the aspheric surfaces, respectively. In addition, as described above, each of the aspheric surfaces in the embodiments 1 to 4 is explained by directly adopting the lens surface as the aspheric surface like a so-called mold aspheric surface lens. However, the aspheric surface may comprise a so-called aspheric surface lens of hybrid lens type which obtains the aspheric surface similar to the above aspheric surface by providing a resin thin film forming the aspheric surface on a lens surface of aspheric lens. 
     The aberration in the embodiments 1 to 4 is sufficiently corrected and the zoom lens can correspond to a light receiving element having three million pixels to five million pixels. It is apparent from the embodiments 1 to 4 that a preferable image performance is ensured and obtained while accomplishing the sufficient downsizing by constructing the zoom lens in accordance with the present invention. 
     The meanings of symbols in the embodiments 1 to 4 are as follows.
     f: focal length of the entire system   F: F-number   ω: half field angle   R: radius of curvature   D: surface separation   N d : refraction index (d is a lens number=1 to 10)   ν d : Abbe number (d is a lens number=1 to 10)   K: conical constant of aspheric surface   A 4 : fourth-order aspheric surface coefficient   A 6 : sixth-order aspheric surface coefficient   A 8 : eighth-order aspheric surface coefficient   A 10 : tenth-order aspheric surface coefficient   

     Where C is a reciprocal of the radius of curvature of paraxial (paraxial curvature) and H is height from the optical axis, the aspheric surface used herein is defined by the following equation. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   X 
                   = 
                   
                     
                       [ 
                       
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             CH 
                             2 
                           
                           ) 
                         
                         / 
                         
                           { 
                           
                             1 
                             + 
                             
                               
                                 ( 
                                 
                                   1 
                                   - 
                                   
                                     
                                       ( 
                                       
                                         1 
                                         + 
                                         K 
                                       
                                       ) 
                                     
                                     ⁢ 
                                     CH 
                                   
                                 
                                 ) 
                               
                             
                           
                           } 
                         
                       
                       ] 
                     
                     + 
                     
                       
                         A 
                         4 
                       
                       · 
                       
                         H 
                         4 
                       
                     
                     + 
                     
                       
                         A 
                         6 
                       
                       · 
                       
                         H 
                         6 
                       
                     
                     + 
                     
                       
                         A 
                         8 
                       
                       · 
                       
                         H 
                         8 
                       
                     
                     + 
                     
                       
                         A 
                         10 
                       
                       · 
                       
                         H 
                         10 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   1 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
       FIGS. 29A ,  29 B,  29 C show the structures of the optical systems of the zoom lenses according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.  FIG. 29A  illustrates the short focal length position, i.e., the wide angle position.  FIG. 29B  illustrates the intermediate focal length.  FIG. 29C  illustrates the long focal length position, i.e., the telephoto position. 
     The zoom lens illustrated in each of  FIGS. 29A ,  29 B,  29 C comprises a first lens E 1 , second lens E 2 , third lens E 3 , fourth lens E 4 , fifth lens E 5 , sixth lens E 6 , seventh lens E 7 , eighth lens E 8 , ninth lens E 9 , aperture stop FA and filter/cover FC. In this case, a first lens group G 1  comprises the first and second lenses E 1 , E 2 . A second lens group G 2  comprises the third, fourth and fifth lenses E 3 , E 4 , E 5 . A third lens group comprises the sixth, seventh, and eighth lenses, E 6 , E 7 , E 8 . A fourth lens group comprises the ninth lens E 9 . Each of the lens groups is supported by an appropriate common supporting frame and the like, and is integrally operated in zooming and the like. Surface numbers of the respective optical surfaces are indicated in  FIG. 29A . In order to avoid the explanation to be complicated by the increase in the digit numbers of the reference numerals, the respective reference numerals indicated in  FIG. 29A ,  29 B,  29 C are applied to the respective embodiments. Therefore, the reference numerals used in  FIG. 29A ,  29 B,  29 C are applied to the  FIGS. 30A ,  30 B,  30 C,  31 A,  31 B,  31 C,  32 A,  32 B,  32 C but those are not always the common structures with another embodiment. 
     In each of  FIGS. 29A ,  29 B,  29 C, each of the optical elements comprising the optical system of the zoom lens is sequentially arranged from the object side such as a photographic subject, the first lens E 1 , second lens E 2 , third lens E 3 , fourth lens E 4 , fifth lens E 5 , aperture stop FA, sixth lens E 6 , seventh lens E 7 , eighth lens E 8 , ninth lens E 9  and filter/cover FC, and an image is imaged onto the back of the filter/cover FC. 
     The first lens E 1  comprises a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface on the object side. The second lens E 2  comprises a positive meniscus lens having a convex surface on the object side. The first lens group G 1  comprising the first lens E 1  and the second lens E 2  has a positive focal length, i.e., positive refracting power, in its entirety. The third lens E 3  comprises a negative meniscus having a convex surface on the object side, an aspheric surface on the surface of the object side and a strong concave surface on the image side. The fourth lens E 4  is a positive lens comprising a biconvex lens having a strong convex surface on the image side. The fifth lens E 5  is a negative lens comprising a biconcave lens having a strong concave surface on the object side and an aspheric surface on the image side. The fourth and fifth lenses E 4 , E 5  are firmly cemented to form a cemented lens. 
     The second lens group G 2  comprising the third lens E 3 , fourth lens E 4  and fifth lens E 5  has a negative focal length, i.e., negative refracting power, in its entirety. The sixth lens E 6  is a positive lens comprising a biconvex lens having aspheric surfaces on the both surfaces. The seventh lens E 7  is a positive lens comprising a biconvex lens having a strong convex surface on the image side. The eighth lens E 8  is a negative lens comprising a biconcave lens. The seventh and eighth lenses E 7 , E 8  are firmly cemented to form a cemented lens. The third lens group G 3  comprising the sixth lens E 6 , seventh lens E 7  and eighth lens E 8  has positive refracting power in its entirety. The ninth lens E 9  is a positive lens comprising a biconvex lens having a strong convex surface including an aspheric surface on the object side. The fourth lens group G 4  comprising the ninth lens E 9  has a positive focal length. 
     At the time for changing magnification from the short focal length position, i.e., the wide angle position to the long focal length position, i.e., the telephoto position, the first lens group G 1 , the third lens group G 3  and the fourth lens group G 4  move such that the variable spacing between the respective groups, more particularly, spacing DA between the surface of the object most side in the first lens group G 1 , i.e., the surface of the image side of the second lens E 2  (surface number  4 ) and the surface of the object most side in the second lens group G 2 , i.e., the surface of the object side of the third lens E 3  (surface number  5 ), spacing DB between the surface of the image most side in the second lens group G 2 , i.e., the surface of the image side of the fifth lens E 5  (surface number  9 ) and the surface of the aperture stop FA (surface number  10 ), spacing DC between the surface of the aperture stop FA (surface number  10 ) and the surface of the object most side in the third lens group G 3 , i.e., the surface of the object side of the sixth lens E 6  (surface number  11 ), spacing DD between the surface of the image most side in the third lens group G 3 , i.e., the surface of the image side of the eighth lens E 8  (surface number  15 ) and the surface of the object most side in the fourth lens group G 4 , i.e., the surface of the object side of the ninth lens E 9  (surface number  16 ), and spacing DE between the surface of the image most side in the fourth lens group G 4 , i.e., the surface of the image side of the ninth lens E 9  (surface number  17 ) and the surface of the object side of the filter/cover FC (surface number  18 ) are changed, the first lens group G 1  and the third lens group G 3  monotonically move toward the object side at the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position, the second lens group G 2  is kept in a axed position at the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position, and the fourth lens group G 4  is located closer to the image side than the wide angle position at the telephoto position. 
     In the embodiment 1, the focal length of the entire system f, F-number F, half filed angle ω are respectively changed by the zooming within the ranges of f=4.74 to 21.59, F=3.32 to 4.98, ω=39.14 to 9.55. The characteristics of respective optical surfaces are as follows. 
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Surface Characteristics 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Number 
                 R 
                 D 
                 N d   
                 ν d   
                 Remark 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 01 
                 23.330 
                 1.00 
                 1.84666 
                 23.80 
                 First Lens 
                 First Lens Group 
               
               
                 02 
                 15.002 
                 0.26 
               
               
                 03 
                 15.442 
                 3.47 
                 1.77250 
                 49.60 
                 Second Lens 
               
               
                 04 
                 135.649 
                 Variable (DA) 
               
               
                  05* 
                 91.446 
                 0.84 
                 1.83481 
                 42.70 
                 Thrid Lens 
                 Second Lens Group 
               
               
                 06 
                 4.439 
                 1.77 
               
               
                 07 
                 15.704 
                 2.67 
                 1.74077 
                 27.80 
                 Fourth Lens 
               
               
                 08 
                 −6.205 
                 0.74 
                 1.83481 
                 42.70 
                 Fifth Lens 
               
               
                  09* 
                 632.018 
                 Variable (DB) 
               
               
                 10 
                 Aperture Stop 
                 Variable (DC) 
               
               
                  11* 
                 8.333 
                 2.78 
                 1.58913 
                 61.15 
                 Sixth Lens 
                 Thrid Lens Group 
               
               
                  12* 
                 −8.607 
                 0.10 
               
               
                 13 
                 15.588 
                 2.42 
                 1.83481 
                 42.70 
                 Seventh Lens 
               
               
                 14 
                 −4.691 
                 0.80 
                 1.69895 
                 30.10 
                 Eighth Lens 
               
               
                 15 
                 4.498 
                 Variable (DD) 
               
               
                  16* 
                 12.500 
                 2.21 
                 1.54340 
                 56.00 
                 Ninth Lens 
                 Fourth Lens Group 
               
               
                 17 
                 −34.711 
                 Variable (DE) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 18 
                 ∞ 
                 0.90 
                 1.51680 
                 64.20 
                 Filter/Cover 
               
               
                 19 
                 ∞ 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The respective optical surfaces of the fifth surface, ninth surface, eleventh surface, twelfth surface and sixteenth surface denoted by applying * asterisk on the surface numbers in the table 1 are the aspheric surfaces. The parameters in the above equation “equation 1” of each aspheric surface are as follows. 
     Aspheric Surface: Fifth Surface 
     K=0.0, A 4 =2.42400×10 −4 , A 6 =−2.92208×10 −6 , A 8 =9.40210×10 −9 , A 10 =−4.16456×10 −11    
     Aspheric Surface: Ninth Surface 
     K=0.0, A 4 =−5.16761×10 −4 , A 6 =1.81605×10 −6 , A 8 =−1.01642×10 −6 , A 10 =−1.75699×10 −8    
     Aspheric Surface: Eleventh Surface 
     K=0.0, A 4 =−1.08496×10 −3 , A 6 =−2.17192×10 −5 , A 8 =5.79037×10 −6 , A 10 =−5.25493×10 −7    
     Aspheric Surface: Twelfth Surface 
     K=0.0, A 4 =4.85474×10 −4 , A 6 =−4.49460×10 −5 , A 8 =8.98429×10 −6 , A 10 =−5.68154×10 −7    
     Aspheric Surface: Sixteenth Surface 
     K=0.0, A 4 =−5.46424×10 −5 , A 6 =1.80637×10 −5 , A 8 =−9.17793×10 −7 , A 10 =2.09899×10 −8    
     The variable spacing DA between the first lens group G 1  and the second lens group G 2 , the variable spacing DB between the second lens group G 2  and the aperture stop FA, the variable spacing DC between the aperture stop FA and the third lens group G 3 , the variable spacing DD between the third lens group G 3  and the fourth lens group G 4  and the variable spacing DE between the fourth lens group G 4  and the optical filter FC are changed with the zooming as the following table. 
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Variable Spacing 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 short foucs limit 
                 intermediate focal length 
                 long foucs limit 
               
               
                   
                 f = 4.740 
                 f = 10.131 
                 f = 21.591 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 DA 
                 0.600 
                 6.655 
                 15.680 
               
               
                 DB 
                 7.051 
                 4.217 
                 1.200 
               
               
                 DC 
                 3.043 
                 1.054 
                 1.000 
               
               
                 DD 
                 2.000 
                 7.725 
                 10.995 
               
               
                 DE 
                 3.484 
                 2.583 
                 2.382 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The values according to the above described respective condition equations in the embodiment 1 are as follows. 
     Numerical Values of Condition Equations.
 
 m 4 T= 0.718
 
 m 4 T/m 4 W= 1.098
 
 X 1/ f   T =0.698
 
 X 3/ f   T =0.366
 
| f   2   |/f   3 =0.792
 
 f   1   /f   W =8.44
 
     Accordingly, the numerical values according to the above described respective condition equations in the embodiment 1 are within the ranges of the condition equations. 
     Embodiment 2 
       FIGS. 30A ,  30 B,  30 C show the structures of the optical systems of the zoom lenses according to the embodiment 2 of the present invention.  FIG. 30A  illustrates the wide angle position (short focal length position).  FIG. 30B  illustrates the intermediate focal length.  FIG. 30C  illustrates the telephoto position (long focal length position). 
     The zoom lens illustrated in each of  FIGS. 30A ,  30 B,  30 C includes a first lens E 1 , second lens E 2 , third lens E 3 , fourth lens E 4 , fifth lens E 5 , sixth lens E 6 , seventh lens E 7 , eighth lens E 8 , ninth lens E 9 , aperture stop FA and filter/cover FC. In this case, a first lens group G 1  comprises the first lens E 1  and second lens E 2 . A second lens group G 2  comprises the third lens E 3 , fourth lens E 4  and fifth lens E 5 . A third lens group G 3  comprises the sixth lens E 6 , seventh lens E 7  and eighth lens E 8 . A fourth lens group G 4  comprises the ninth lens E 9 . Each lens group is supported by an appropriate common supporting frame and the like, and is integrally operated in the zooming and the like. Surface numbers of respective optical surfaces are indicated in  FIG. 30A . In order to avoid the explanation to be complicated by the increase in the digit numbers of the reference numerals, the respective reference numerals indicated in  FIG. 30A  are applied to the respective embodiments. Therefore, the reference numerals used in  FIG. 30A ,  30 B,  30 C are applied to the  FIGS. 29A ,  29 B,  29 C,  31 A,  31 B,  31 C,  32 A,  32 B,  32 C, but those are not always the common structures with other embodiments. 
     In  FIG. 30A , each of the optical elements comprising the optical system of the zoom lens are sequentially arranged from the object side, the first lens E 1 , second lens E 2 , third lens E 3 , fourth lens E 4 , fifth lens E 5 , aperture stop FA, sixth lens E 6 , seventh lens E 7 , eighth lens E 8 , ninth lens E 9  and filter/cover FC, and an image is imaged onto the back of the filter/cover FC. 
     The first lens E 1  is a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface on the object side. The second lens E 2  is a positive meniscus lens having a convex surface on the object side. The first lens E 1  and the second lens E 2  are firmly cemented to form a cemented lens. The first lens group G 1  comprising the cemented lens of the first lens E 1  and the second lens E 2  has positive refracting power in its entirety. The third lens E 3  is a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface on the object side, an aspheric surface on the surface of the object side and a strong concave surface on the image side. The fourth lens E 4  is a positive lens comprising a biconvex lens having a strong convex surface on the image side. The fifth lens E 5  is a negative lens comprising a biconcave lens having a strong concave surface on the object side and an aspheric surface on the image side. The fourth lens E 4  and the fifth lens E 5  are firmly cemented to form a cemented lens. The second lens group G 2  comprising the third lens E 3 , fourth lens E 4  and fifth lens E 5  has a negative focal length, i.e., negative refracting power, in its entirety. The sixth lens E 6  is a positive lens comprising a biconvex lens having aspheric surfaces on the both surfaces. 
     The seventh lens E 7  is a positive lens comprising a biconvex lens having a strong convex surface on the image side. The eighth lens E 8  is a negative lens comprising a biconcave lens. The seventh lens E 7  and the eighth lens E 8  are firmly cemented to form a cemented lens. The third lens group G 3  comprising the sixth lens E 6 , seventh lens E 7  and eighth lens E 8  has positive refracting power in its entirety. The ninth lens E 9  is a positive lens comprising a biconvex lens having a strong convex surface including an aspheric surface on the object side. The fourth lens group G 4  comprising the ninth lens E 9  has a positive focal length. 
     At the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position (short focal length position) to the telephoto position (long focal length position), the first lens group G 1 , third lens group G 3  and fourth lens group G 4  move such that the variable spacing between the respective groups, more particularly, spacing DA between the surface of the image most side in the first lens group G 1 , i.e., the surface of the image side of the second lens E 2  (surface number  3 ) and the surface of the object most side in the second lens group G 2 , i.e., the surface of the object side of the third lens E 3  (surface number  4 ), spacing DB between the surface of image most side in the second lens group G 2 , i.e., the surface of the image side of the fifth lens E 5  (surface number  8 ) and the surface of the aperture stop FA (surface number  9 ), spacing DC between the surface of the aperture stop FA (surface number  9 ) and the surface of the object most side in the third lens group G 3 , i.e., the surface of the object side of the sixth lens E 6  (surface number  10 ), spacing DD between the surface of the image most side in the third lens group G 3 , i.e., the surface of image side of the eighth lens E 8  (surface number  14 ) and the surface of the object most side in the fourth lens group G 4 , i.e., the surface of the object side of the ninth lens E 9  (surface number  15 ) and spacing DE between the surface of the image most side in the fourth lens group G 4 , i.e., the surface of the image side of the ninth lens E 9  (surface number  16 ) and the surface of the object side of the filter/cover FC (surface number  17 ) are changed, the first lens group G 1  and the third lens group G 3  monotonically move toward the object side at the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position, the second lens group G 2  is kept in a fixed position at the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position, and the fourth lens group G 4  is located closer to the image side than the wide angle position at the telephoto position. 
     In the embodiment 2, the focal length of the entire system f, F-number F and half field angle ω are changed by the zooming within the ranges of f=4.74 to 21.57, F=3.56 to 5.00 and ω=39.15 to 9.57. The characteristics of the respective optical surfaces are as follows. 
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Optical Characteristics 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Number 
                 R 
                 D 
                 N d   
                 ν d   
                 Remark 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 01 
                 20.085 
                 0.91 
                 1.92286 
                 18.90 
                 First Lens 
                 First Lens Group 
               
               
                 02 
                 12.792 
                 4.11 
                 1.72047 
                 34.70 
                 Second Lens 
               
               
                 03 
                 98.998 
                 Variable (DA) 
               
               
                  04* 
                 63.441 
                 0.84 
                 1.83481 
                 42.70 
                 Third Lens 
                 Second Lens 
               
               
                 05 
                 4.533 
                 2.09 
                   
                   
                   
                 Group 
               
               
                 06 
                 18.494 
                 2.45 
                 1.76182 
                 26.50 
                 Fourth Lens 
               
               
                 07 
                 −8.130 
                 0.74 
                 1.83481 
                 42.70 
                 Fifth Lens 
               
               
                  08* 
                 165.705 
                 Variable (DB) 
               
               
                 09 
                 Aperture Stop 
                 Variable (DC) 
               
               
                  10* 
                 8.333 
                 2.85 
                 1.58913 
                 61.15 
                 Sixth Lens 
                 Third Lens Group 
               
               
                  11* 
                 −10.600 
                 0.10 
               
               
                 12 
                 13.000 
                 2.42 
                 1.83481 
                 42.70 
                 Seventh Lens 
               
               
                 13 
                 −4.942 
                 0.80 
                 1.69895 
                 30.10 
                 Eighth Lens 
               
               
                 14 
                 4.527 
                 Variable (DD) 
               
               
                  15* 
                 12.500 
                 1.86 
                 1.58913 
                 61.15 
                 Ninth Lens 
                 Fourth Lens 
               
               
                 16 
                 −46.232 
                 Variable (DE) 
                   
                   
                   
                 Group 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 17 
                 ∞ 
                 0.90 
                 1.51680 
                 64.20 
                 Filter/Cover 
               
               
                 18 
                 ∞ 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The respective optical surfaces of the fourth surface, eighth surface, tenth surface, eleventh surface and fifteenth surface denoted by applying * on the surface numbers in the table 3 are aspheric surfaces, and the parameters in the equation 1 of the respective aspheric surfaces are as follows. 
     Aspheric Surface: Fourth Surface 
     K=0.0, A 4 =1.98102×10 −4 , A 6 =−3.68668×10 −6 , A 8 =4.52405×10 −8 , A10=−2.67683×10 −10    
     Aspheric Surface: Eighth Surface 
     K=0.0, A 4 =−4.56912×10 −4 , A 6 =−2.43635×10 −6 , A 8 =−7.31048×10 −7 , A 10 =−1.13163×10 −8    
     Aspheric Surface: Tenth Surface 
     K=0.0, A 4 =−7.28261×10 −4 , A 6 =5.77887×10 −6 , A 8 =1.03208×10 −6 , A 10 =−1.81386×10 −7    
     Aspheric Surface: Eleventh Surface 
     K=0.0, A 4 =4.65357×10 −4 , A 6 =1.34799×10 −5 , A 8 =−4.37956×10 −7 , A 10 =6.85503×10 −8    
     Aspheric Surface: Fifteenth Surface 
     K=0.0, A 4 =−6.80550×10 −5 , A 6 =1.42409×10 −5 , A 8 =−6.37766×10 −7 , A 10 =1.29041×10 −8    
     The valuable spacing DA between the first lens group G 1  and second lens group G 2 , the valuable spacing DB between the second lens group G 2  and aperture stop FA, the valuable spacing DC between the aperture stop FA and third lens group G 3 , the valuable spacing DD between the third lens group G 3  and fourth lens group G 4  and the valuable spacing DE between the fourth lens group G 4  and optical filter FC are changed by the zooming as the following table. 
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Variable Spacing 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Short Focus limit 
                 Intermediate Focal Length 
                 Long Focus Limit 
               
               
                   
                 f = 4.737 
                 f = 10.117 
                 f = 21.575 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 DA 
                 0.600 
                 5.225 
                 15.097 
               
               
                 DB 
                 7.709 
                 4.171 
                 1.269 
               
               
                 DC 
                 3.108 
                 1.200 
                 1.000 
               
               
                 DD 
                 2.000 
                 8.520 
                 11.831 
               
               
                 DE 
                 3.652 
                 2.578 
                 2.368 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Moreover, the values according to the above described respective condition equations in the embodiment 2 are as follows. 
     Numerical Values of the Condition Equations.
 
 m 4 T= 0.722
 
 m 4 T/m 4 W= 1.117
 
 X 1/ f   T =0.672
 
 X 3/ f   T =0.396
 
 |f   2   |/f   3 =0.799
 
 f   1   /f   W =8.84
 
     Therefore, the numerical values according to the above described respective condition equations in the embodiment 2 are within the ranges of the condition equations. 
     Embodiment 3 
       FIGS. 31A ,  31 B,  31 C show structures of the optical systems of the zoom lenses according to the embodiment 3 of the present invention.  FIG. 31A  illustrates the wide angle position (short focal length position).  FIG. 31B  illustrates the intermediate focal length.  FIG. 31C  illustrates the telephoto position (long focal length position). 
     The zoom lens illustrated in each of  FIGS. 31A ,  31 B,  31 C comprises a first lens E 1 , second lens E 2 , third lens E 3 , fourth lens E 4 , fifth lens E 5 , sixth lens E 6 , seventh lens E 7 , eighth lens E 8 , ninth lens E 9 , tenth lens E 10 , aperture stop FA and filter/cover FC. In this case, a first lens group G 1  comprises the first lens E 1 , second lens E 2  and third lens E 3 . A second lens group G 2  comprises the fourth lens E 4 , fifth lens E 5  and sixth lens E 6 . A third lens group G 3  comprises the seventh lens E 7 , eighth lens E 8  and ninth lens E 9 . A fourth lens group G 4  comprises the tenth lens E 10 . Each of the lens groups is supported by an appropriate common supporting frame and the like, and is integrally operated in the zooming and the like. The respective reference numerals in  FIGS. 31A ,  31 B,  31 C are independently used for each of the embodiments; therefore, the common reference numerals are used in  FIGS. 29A ,  29 B,  29 C,  30 A,  30 B,  30 C,  32 A,  32 B,  32 C. However, these are not always the common structures with other embodiments. 
     In each of  FIGS. 31A ,  31 B,  31 C, the respective optical elements comprising the optical system of the zoom lens are sequentially arranged from an object side such as a photographic subject, the first lens E 1 , second lens E 2 , third lens E 3 , fourth lens E 4 , fifth lens E 5 , sixth lens E 6 , aperture stop FA, seventh lens E 7 , eighth lens E 8 , ninth lens E 9 , tenth lens E 10  and filter/cover FC, and an image is imaged onto the back of the filter/cover FC. 
     The first lens E 1  is a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface on the object side. The second lens E 2  is a positive lens comprising a biconvex lens having a strong convex surface on the object side. The first lens E 1  and the second lens E 2  are firmly cemented to form a cemented lens. The third lens E 3  is a positive meniscus lens having a convex surface on the object side. The first lens group G 1  comprising the first lens E 1 , second lens E 2  and third lens E 3  has positive refracting power in its entirety. The fourth lens E 4  is a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface on the object side, an aspheric surface on the surface of the object side and a strong concave surface on the image side. The fifth lens E 5  is a positive lens comprising a plane-convex lens having a plane surface on the object side. The sixth lens E 6  is a negative meniscus lens having a convex on the image side and an aspheric surface on the surface of the image side. The fifth lens E 5  and the sixth lens E 6  are firmly cemented to form a cemented lens. The second lens group G 2  comprising the fourth lens E 4 , fifth lens E 5  and sixth lens E 6  has a negative focal length, i.e., negative refracting power, in its entirety. 
     The seventh lens E 7  is a positive lens comprising a biconvex lens having aspheric surfaces on the both surfaces. The eighth lens E 8  is a positive lens comprising a biconvex lens having a strong convex surface on the image side. The ninth lens E 9  is a negative lens comprising a biconcave lens. The eighth and ninth lenses E 8 , E 9  are firmly cemented to form a cemented lens. The third lens group G 3  comprising the seventh lens E 7 , eighth lens E 8  and ninth lens E 9  has positive refracting power in its entirety. The tenth lens E 10  is a positive lens comprising a biconvex lens having a strong convex surface including an aspheric surface on the object side. The fourth lens group G 4  comprising the tenth lens E 10  has a positive focal length. 
     At the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position (short focal length position) to the telephoto position (long focal length position), the first lens group G 1 , third lens group G 3  and fourth lens group G 4  move such that the variable spacing between the respective groups, more particularly, spacing DA between the surface of the image most side in the first lens group G 1 , i.e., the surface of the image side of the third lens E 3  (surface number  5 ) and the surface of the object most side in the second lens group  2 , i.e., the surface of the object side of the fourth lens E 4  (surface number  6 ), spacing DB between the surface of the image most side in the second lens group G 2 , i.e., the surface of the image side of the sixth lens E 6  (surface number  10 ) and the surface of the aperture stop FA (surface number  11 ), spacing DC between the surface of the aperture stop FA (surface number  11 ) and the surface of the object most side in the third lens group G 3 , i.e., the surface of the object side of the seventh lens E 7  (surface number  12 ), spacing DD between the surface of the image most side in the third lens group G 3 , i.e., the surface of the image side of the ninth lens E 9  (surface number  16 ) and the surface of the object most side in the fourth lens group G 4 , i.e., the surface of the object side of the tenth lens E 10  (surface number  17 ) and spacing DE between the surface of the image most side in the fourth lens group G 4 , i.e., the surface of the image side of the tenth lens E 10  (surface number  18 ) and the surface of the object side of the filter/cover FC (surface number  19 ) are changed, the first lens group G 1  and the third lens group G 3  monotonically move toward the object side at the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position, the second lens group G 2  is kept in a fixed position at the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position, and the fourth lens group G 4  is located closer to the image side than the wide angle position at the telephoto position. 
     In the embodiment 3, the focal length of the entire system f, F-number F and half field angle ω are changed by the zooming within the ranges of f=4.74 to 21.67, F=3.46 to 4.91 and ω=39.15 to 9.50. The characteristics of respective optical surfaces are as the following table. 
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Surface Characteristics 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Number 
                 R 
                 D 
                 N d   
                 ν d   
                 Remark 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 01 
                 88.920 
                 0.90 
                 1.84666 
                 23.78 
                 First Lens 
                 First Lens Group 
               
               
                 02 
                 27.776 
                 2.67 
                 1.77250 
                 49.62 
                 Second Lens 
               
               
                 03 
                 −397.862 
                 0.10 
               
               
                 04 
                 19.683 
                 1.79 
                 1.77250 
                 49.62 
                 Third Lens 
               
               
                 05 
                 37.587 
                 Variable (DA) 
               
               
                  06* 
                 19.021 
                 0.79 
                 1.83500 
                 42.98 
                 Fourth Lens 
                 Second Lens Group 
               
               
                 07 
                 3.765 
                 2.11 
               
               
                 08 
                 ∞ 
                 1.66 
                 1.84666 
                 23.78 
                 Fifth Lens 
               
               
                 09 
                 −7.904 
                 0.64 
                 1.80420 
                 46.50 
                 Sixth Lens 
               
               
                  10* 
                 −76.544 
                 Variable (DB) 
               
               
                 11 
                 Aperture Stop 
                 Variable (DC) 
               
               
                  12* 
                 8.674 
                 3.65 
                 1.58913 
                 61.25 
                 Seventh Lens 
                 Third Lens Group 
               
               
                  13* 
                 −8.132 
                 0.10 
               
               
                 14 
                 14.331 
                 2.43 
                 1.75500 
                 52.32 
                 Eighth Lens 
               
               
                 15 
                 −6.459 
                 0.80 
                 1.69895 
                 30.05 
                 Ninth Lens 
               
               
                 16 
                 5.298 
                 Variable (DD) 
               
               
                  17* 
                 12.500 
                 1.84 
                 1.54340 
                 56.00 
                 Tenth Lens 
                 Fourth Lens 
               
               
                 18 
                 −40.435 
                 Variable (DE) 
                   
                   
                   
                 Group 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 19 
                 ∞ 
                 0.90 
                 1.51680 
                 64.20 
                 Filter/Cover 
               
               
                 20 
                 ∞ 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The respective optical surfaces of the sixth, tenth, twelfth, thirteenth and seventeenth surfaces denoted by applying * on the surface numbers in the table 5 are aspheric surfaces, and the parameters in the equation 1 of the respective aspheric surfaces are as follows. 
     Aspheric Surface: Sixth Surface 
     K=0.0, A 4 =−1.22579×10 −4 , A 6 =−2.98179×10 −7 , A 8 =−1.93092×10 −8 , A 10 =−3.32554×10 −10    
     Aspheric Surface: Tenth Surface 
     K=0.0, A 4 =−8.28512×10 −4 , A 6 =−1.82812×10 −5 , A 8 =8.50623×10 −8 , A 10 =−1.90374×10 −7    
     Aspheric Surface: Twelfth Surface 
     K=0.0, A 4 =−8.08852×10 −4 , A 6 =1.58812×10 −5 , A 8 =−1.00403×10 −6 , A 10 =2.75151×10 −8    
     Aspheric Surface: Thirteenth Surface 
     K=0.0, A 4 =4.07275×10 −4 , A 6 =−7.86358×10 −6 , A 8 =1.60507×10 −6 , A 10 =−9.33131×10 −8    
     Aspheric Surface: Seventeenth Surface 
     K=0.0, A 4 =−1.29441×10 −5 , A 6 =5.93123×10 −6 , A 8 =−3.01006×10 −7 , A 10 =7.06450×10 −9    
     The valuable spacing DA between the first lens group G 1  and the second lens group G 2 , the valuable spacing DB between the second lens group G 2  and the aperture stop FA, the valuable spacing DC between the aperture stop FA and the third lens group G 3 , the valuable spacing DD between the third lens group G 3  and the fourth lens group G 4  and the valuable spacing DE between the fourth lens group G 4  and the optical filter FC are changed by the zooming as the following table. 
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Variable Spacing 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 short focus limit 
                 intermediate focal length 
                 long focus limit 
               
               
                   
                 f = 4.739 
                 f = 10.145 
                 f = 21.665 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 DA 
                 0.600 
                 7.011 
                 14.600 
               
               
                 DB 
                 6.591 
                 2.964 
                 1.200 
               
               
                 DC 
                 3.223 
                 2.372 
                 1.000 
               
               
                 DD 
                 2.000 
                 7.226 
                 10.607 
               
               
                 DE 
                 3.805 
                 3.057 
                 2.812 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In addition, the values according to the above described respective condition equations in the embodiment 3 are as follows. 
     Numerical values of condition equations.
 
 m 4 T= 0.712
 
 m 4 T/m 4 W= 1.085
 
 X 1/ f   T =0.646
 
 X 3/ f   T =0.351
 
| f   2   |/f   3 =0.744
 
 f   1   /f   W =7.49
 
     Therefore, the numerical values according to the above described respective condition equations are within the ranges of the condition equations. 
     Embodiment 4 
       FIGS. 32A ,  32 B,  32 C show structures of the optical systems of the zoom lenses according to the embodiment 4 of the present invention.  FIG. 32A  illustrates the wide angle position (short focal length position).  FIG. 32B  illustrates the intermediate focal length.  FIG. 32C  illustrates the telephoto position (long focal length position). 
     The zoom lens shown in each of  FIGS. 32A ,  32 B,  32 C comprises a first lens E 1 , second lens E 2 , third lens E 3 , fourth lens E 4 , fifth lens E 5 , sixth lens E 6 , seventh lens E 7 , eighth lens E 8 , ninth lens E 9 , tenth lens E 10 , aperture stop FA and filter/cover FC. In this case, a first lens group G 1  comprises the first lens E 1 , second lens E 2  and third lens E 3 . A second lens group G 2  comprises the fourth lens E 4 , fifth lens E 5  and sixth lens E 6 . A third lens group G 3  comprises the seventh lens E 7 , eighth lens E 8  and ninth lens E 9 . A fourth lens group G 4  comprises the tenth lens E 10 . Each of the lens groups is supported by an appropriate common supporting frame and the like, and is integrally operated by the zooming and the like. In addition, the respective reference numerals in  FIGS. 32A ,  32 B,  32 C are independently used for the respective embodiments; therefore, the common reference numerals are used in  FIGS. 29A ,  29 B,  29 C,  30 A,  30 B,  30 C,  31 A,  31 B,  31 C. However, those are no always the common structures with other embodiments. 
     In each of  FIGS. 32A ,  32 B,  32 C, the respective optical elements comprising the optical system of the zoom lens are sequentially arranged from an object side such as a photographing subject, the first lens E 1 , second lens E 2 , third lens E 3 , fourth lens E 4 , fifth lens E 5 , sixth lens E 6 , aperture stop FA, seventh lens E 7 , eighth lens E 8 , ninth lens E 9 , tenth lens E 10  and filter/cover FC, and an image is imaged onto the back of the filter/cover FC. 
     The first lens E 1  is a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface on the object side. The second lens E 2  is a positive lens comprising a biconvex lens having a strong convex surface on the object side. The first and second lenses E 1 , E 2  are firmly cemented to form a cemented lens. The third lens E 3  is a positive meniscus lens having a convex surface on the object side. The first lens group G 1  comprising the first lens E 1 , second lens E 2  and third lens E 3  includes positive refracting power in its entirety. The fourth lens E 4  is a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface on the object side, an aspheric surface on the surface of the object side and a strong concave surface on the image side. The fifth lens E 5  is a positive lens comprising a biconvex lens having a strong convex surface on the image side. The sixth lens E 6  is a negative lens comprising a biconcave lens having strong concave surface on the surface the object side and an aspheric surface on the image side. The fifth lens E 5  and the sixth lens E 6  are firmly cemented to form a cemented lens. 
     The second lens group G 2  comprising the fourth lens E 4 , fifth lens E 5  and sixth lens E 6  has a negative focal length, i.e., negative refracting power, in its entirety. The seventh lens E 7  is a positive lens comprising a biconvex lens having aspheric surfaces on the both surfaces. The eighth lens E 8  is a positive lens comprising a biconvex lens having a strong convex surface on the image side. The ninth lens E 9  is a negative lens comprising a biconcave lens. The eighth and ninth lenses E 8 , E 9  are firmly cemented to form a cemented lens. The third lens group G 3  comprising the seventh lens E 7 , eighth lens E 8  and ninth lens E 9  has positive refracting power in its entirety. The tenth lens E 10  is a positive lens comprising a biconvex lens having a strong convex surface including an aspheric surface on the object side. The fourth lens group G 4  comprising the tenth lens E 10  has a positive focal length. 
     At the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position (short focal length position) to the telephoto position (long focal length position), the first lens group G 1 , third lens group G 3  and fourth lens group G 4  move such that the variable spacing between the respective groups, more particularly, spacing DA between the surface of the image most side in the first lens group G 1 , i.e., the surface of the image side of the third lens E 3  (surface number  5 ) and the surface of the object most side in the second lens group G 2 , i.e., the surface of the object side of the fourth lens E 4  (surface number  6 ), spacing DB between the surface of the image most side in the second lens group G 2 , i.e., the surface of the image side of the sixth lens E 6  (surface number  10 ) and the surface of the aperture stop FA (surface number  11 ), spacing DC between the surface of the aperture stop FA (surface number  11 ) and the surface of the object most side in the third lens group G 3 , i.e., the surface of the object side of the seventh lens E 7  (surface number  12 ), spacing DD between the surface of the image most side in the third lens group G 3 , i.e., the surface of the image side of the ninth lens E 9  (surface number  16 ) and the surface of the object most side in the fourth lens group G 4 , i.e., the surface of the object side of the tenth lens E 10  (surface number  17 ) and spacing DE between the surface of the image most side in the fourth lens group G 4 , i.e., the surface of the image side of the tenth lens E 10  (surface number  18 ) and the surface of the object side of the filter/cover FC (surface number  19 ) are changed, the first lens group G 1  and the third lens group G 3  monotonically move toward the object side at the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position, the second lens group G 2  is kept in a fixed position at the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position, and the fourth lens group G 4  is located closer to the image side than the wide angle position at the telephoto position. 
     In the embodiment 4, the focal length of the entire system f, F-number F and half field angle ω are changed by the zooming within the ranges of f=4.74 to 21.62, F=3.42 to 4.99 and ω=39.12 to 9.50. The characteristics of the respective optical surfaces are as the following table. 
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Optical Characteristics 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Number 
                 R 
                 D 
                 N d   
                 ν d   
                 Remark 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 01 
                 96.656 
                 0.90 
                 1.84666 
                 23.78 
                 First Lens 
                 First Lens Group 
               
               
                 02 
                 29.314 
                 2.72 
                 1.77250 
                 49.62 
                 Second Lens 
               
               
                 03 
                 −219.341 
                 0.10 
               
               
                 04 
                 20.153 
                 1.80 
                 1.77250 
                 49.62 
                 Third Lens 
               
               
                 05 
                 33.538 
                 Variable (DA) 
               
               
                  06* 
                 18.011 
                 0.84 
                 1.83500 
                 42.98 
                 Fourth Lens 
                 Second Lens 
               
               
                 07 
                 3.936 
                 2.07 
                   
                   
                   
                 Group 
               
               
                 08 
                 74.837 
                 1.95 
                 1.84666 
                 23.78 
                 Fifth Lens 
               
               
                 09 
                 −9.146 
                 0.74 
                 1.80420 
                 46.50 
                 Sixth Lens 
               
               
                  10* 
                 759.807 
                 Variable (DB) 
               
               
                 11 
                 Aperture 
                 Variable (DC) 
               
               
                   
                 Stop 
               
               
                  12* 
                 8.333 
                 3.34 
                 1.58913 
                 61.25 
                 Seventh Lens 
                 Third Lens Group 
               
               
                  13* 
                 −8.827 
                 0.10 
               
               
                 14 
                 12.236 
                 2.45 
                 1.75500 
                 52.32 
                 Eighth Lens 
               
               
                 15 
                 −7.054 
                 0.80 
                 1.69895 
                 30.05 
                 Ninth Lens 
               
               
                 16 
                 4.892 
                 Variable (DD) 
               
               
                  17* 
                 10.651 
                 1.83 
                 1.58913 
                 61.25 
                 Tenth Lens 
                 Fourth Lens Group 
               
               
                 18 
                 −261.223 
                 Variable (DE) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 19 
                 ∞ 
                 0.90 
                 1.51680 
                 64.20 
                 Filter/Cover 
               
               
                 20 
                 ∞ 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The respective optical surfaces of the sixth, tenth, twelfth, thirteenth and seventeenth surfaces denoted by applying * on the surface numbers in the table 7 are aspheric surfaces, and the parameters in the equation 1 of the respective aspheric surfaces are as follows. 
     Aspheric Surface: Sixth Surface 
     K=0.0, A 4 =−8.08791×10 −5 , A 6 =−2.03124×10 −6 , A 8 =6.26638×10 −9 , A 10 =−6.12352×10 −11    
     Aspheric Surface: Tenth Surface 
     K=0.0, A 4 =−7.52609×10 −4 , A 6 =−124401×10 −5 , A 8 =−9.65466×10 −7 , A 10 =−8.33332×10 −8    
     Aspheric Surface: Twelfth Surface 
     K=0.0, A 4 =−7.07947×10 −4 , A 6 =−1.16179×10 −6 , A 8 =6.72505×10 −8 , A 10 =−2.53913×10 −8    
     Aspheric Surface: Thirteenth Surface 
     K=0.0, A 4 =3.43658×10 −4 , A 6 =−1.44022×10 −6 , A 8 =−1.33484×10 −7 , A 10 =−1.40822×10 −8    
     Aspheric Surface: Seventeenth Surface 
     K=0.0, A 4 =−4.75410×10 −5 , A 6 =1.15429×10 −5 , A 8 =−4.87258×10 −7 , A 10 =9.54084×10 −9    
     The valuable spacing DA between the first lens group G 1  and the second lens group G 2 , the valuable spacing DB between the second lens group G 2  and the aperture stop FA, the valuable spacing DC between the aperture stop FA and the third lens group G 3 , the valuable spacing DD between the third lens group G 3  and the fourth lens group G 4  and the valuable spacing DE between the fourth lens group G 4  and the optical filter FC are changed by the zooming as the following table. 
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Variable Spacing 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 short focus limit 
                 intermediate focal length 
                 long focus limit 
               
               
                   
                 f = 4.741 
                 f = 10.112 
                 f = 21.624 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 DA 
                 0.600 
                 6.160 
                 15.040 
               
               
                 DB 
                 6.288 
                 2.111 
                 1.200 
               
               
                 DC 
                 3.888 
                 3.173 
                 1.000 
               
               
                 DD 
                 2.000 
                 7.785 
                 11.065 
               
               
                 DE 
                 3.440 
                 2.547 
                 2.351 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The values according to the above described condition equations in the embodiment 4 are as follows. 
     Numerical Values of Condition Equations
 
 m 4 T= 0.721
 
 m 4 T/m 4 W= 1.095
 
 X 1/ f   T =0.668
 
 X 3/ f   T =0.369
 
| f   2   |/f   3 =0.795
 
 f   1   /f   W =8.14
 
     Therefore, the numerical values according to the above described condition equations in the embodiment 4 are within the ranges of the condition equations. 
       FIGS. 33 to 35  are diagrams illustrating aberration of spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion and coma aberration in the zoom lenses shown in  FIGS. 29A ,  29 B,  29 C according to the above embodiment 1. 
       FIG. 33  is a diagram illustrating the aberration at the wide angle position.  FIG. 34  is a diagram illustrating the aberration at the intermediate focal length.  FIG. 35  is a diagram illustrating the aberration at the telephoto positions. For each of the diagrams, a dashed line indicates a sin condition in the spherical aberration, a solid line indicates a sagittal and a dashed line indicates a meridional in the astigmatism, and a heavy line indicates d line and a thin line indicates g line. 
       FIGS. 36 to 38  are diagrams illustrating aberration of spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion and coma aberration in the zoom lenses shown in  FIGS. 30A ,  30 B,  30 C according to the above embodiment 2. 
       FIG. 36  is a diagram illustrating the aberration at the wide angle position.  FIG. 37  is a diagram illustrating the aberration at the intermediate focal length.  FIG. 38  is a diagram illustrating the aberration at the telephoto position. In this case, for each of the diagrams, a dashed line indicates a sine condition in the spherical aberration, a solid line indicates a sagittal and a dashed line indicates a meridional in the astigmatism, and a heavy line indicates d line and a thin line indicates g line. 
       FIGS. 39 to 41  are diagrams illustrating aberration of spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion and coma aberration in the zoom lenses shown in  FIGS. 31A ,  31 B,  31 C according to the above embodiment 3. 
       FIG. 39  is a diagram illustrating the aberration at the wide angle position.  FIG. 40  is a diagram illustrating the aberration at the intermediate focal length.  FIG. 41  is a diagram illustrating the aberration at the telephoto position. For each of the diagrams, a dashed line indicates a sin condition in the spherical aberration, a solid line indicates a sagittal and a dashed line indicates a meridional in the astigmatism, and a heavy line indicates d line and a thin line indicates g line. 
       FIGS. 42 to 44  are diagrams illustrating aberration of spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion and coma aberration in the zoom lenses shown in each of  FIGS. 32A ,  32 B,  32 C according to the above embodiment 4. 
       FIG. 42  is a diagram illustrating aberration at the wide angle position.  FIG. 43  is a diagram illustrating aberration at the intermediate focal length.  FIG. 44  is a diagram illustrating aberration at the telephoto position. In this case, for each of the diagrams, a dashed line indicates a sine condition in the spherical aberration, a solid line indicates a sagittal and a dashed line indicates a meridional in the astigmatism, and a heavy line indicates d line and a thin line indicates g line. 
     According to the diagrams of  FIGS. 33 to 44 , it is obvious that the aberration is favorably corrected and controlled in the zoom lens structures shown in  FIGS. 29A to 32C  according to the embodiments 1 to 4. 
     Next, when a camera is structured by adopting the zoom lenses according to the present invention shown in the embodiments 1 to 4 as an optical system, the camera is structured similar to the camera explained in the above  FIGS. 17  to  19 . Therefore, the explanation will be omitted. 
     In addition,  FIGS. 17 to 19  explain the cameras. However, recently, there have been introduced a mobile information terminal having a camera function, such as a so-called PDA (personal data assistant) and cellular phone. The appearance of such a mobile information terminal is slightly different from the camera, but it includes substantially the same function and structure with the camera. Therefore, the zoom lens according to the present invention can be applied to such a mobile information terminal. 
     A photographing lens comprising the lens unit using the zoom lens shown in each of the embodiments 1 to 4 can be used for the above camera or above mobile information terminal as a photographing optical system. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a compact camera or mobile information terminal having a high image quality, which uses a light receiving element having three million pixels to five million pixels. 
     Next, a zoom lens of a fourth embodiment, which is used for the above lens barrel, lens driving device and mobile information terminal according to the present invention to exercise a preferable performance, will be described with reference to  FIGS. 45 to 60 . 
     Moreover, the camera (mobile information terminal) including the zoom lens of the fourth embodiment was specifically explained in  FIGS. 1 to 21 , especially, in  FIGS. 17 to 19 . Therefore, the explanation is herein incorporated. 
     Firstly, before giving explanations for specific embodiments, the structures and the functions will be explained in order to explain the fourth embodiment of the present invention. 
     As shown in  FIG. 45 , for example, the zoom lens according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention comprises a lens barrel (hereinafter referred to as a zoom lens) including a first lens group I having positive refracting power, a second lens group II having negative refracting power, a third lens group III having positive refracting power, sequentially arranged from an object side to an image side, and an aperture stop S between the second lens group II and third lens group III, wherein the spacing between the first lens group I and the second lens group II is increased and the spacing between the second lens group II and the third lens group III is decreased at the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position. The zoom lens includes the following characteristic. 
     The ratio between the focal length of the entire system at the wide angle position f w  and the maximum image height Y′ max , Y′ max /f w  is within the range of the following condition (1).
 
0.70&lt; Y′   max   /f   W &lt;1.00  (1)
 
     The second lens group II comprises three lenses, sequentially arranged from the object side to the image side, a negative lens having a surface including a large curvature on the image side, a positive lens having a convex surface including a large curvature on the image side and a negative lens having a concave surface including a large curvature on the object side. More particularly, the second lens group has a structure that the positive lens is sandwiched between the negative lens on the object side and the negative lens on the image side. 
     In the zoom lens according to the present embodiment, when the image side surface of the negative lens on the image side in the second lens group II (the surface of the image most side in the second lens group II) is an aspheric surface having a feature that the negative refracting power is reduced as being separated from the optical axis, it is preferable for the refraction index of the material of the negative lens on the image side in the second lens group II N 21 , the amount of aspheric surface in the 80 percent of the maximum ray effective height in the aspheric surface on the image most side in the second lens group II X 21 (H 0.8 ) and the maximum image height Y′ max  to satisfy the following condition (2).
 
0.0010&lt;(1− N   21 )× X   21 ( H   0.8 )/ Y′   max &lt;0.0500  (2)
 
     In the zoom lens according to the present embodiment, when the surface of the object side of the negative lens on the object side in the second lens group II (the surface on the object most side in the second lens group II) is an aspheric surface, it is preferable for the refraction index of the material of the negative lens on the object side in the second lens group II N 20 , the refraction index of the material of the negative lens on the image side in the second lens group II N 21 , the amount of aspheric surface in the 80 percent of the maximum ray effective height in the aspheric surface on the object most side in the second lens group II X 20 (H 0.8 ), the amount of aspheric surface in the 80 percent of the maximum ray effective height in the aspheric surface on the image most side in the second lens group II X 21 (H 0.8 ), and the maximum image height Y′ max  to satisfy the following condition (2).
 
−0.0500&lt;{( N   20 −1)× X   20 ( H   0.8 )+(1 −N   21 )× X   21 ( H   0.8 )}/ Y′   max &lt;0.1500  (3)
 
     The aspheric surface amount X(H) is the difference of the amount of sag (depth) in the height from the optical axis with the spherical surface defined by the paraxial curvature of the aspheric surface and the actual aspheric surface, and the direction toward the image side from the object side is positive. 
     In the zoom lens according to the present embodiment, it is preferable for the refraction index N 2i  and the Abbe number ν 2i  of the material of the i-th lens counting from the object side in the second lens group II to satisfy the following conditions (4), (5), (6).
 
1.75&lt; N   21 &lt;1.90,35&lt;ν 21 &lt;50  (4)
 
1.65&lt; N   22 &lt;1.90,20&lt;ν 22 &lt;35  (5)
 
1.75&lt; N   23 &lt;1.90,35&lt;ν 23 &lt;50  (6)
 
     In the zoom lens according to the present embodiment, the three lenses comprising the second lens group include the negative lens having the surface including a large curvature on the image side, the positive lens having the convex surface including a large curvature on the image side and the negative lens having the concave surface including a large curvature on the object side, sequentially arranged from the object side, and the positive lens and the negative lens on the image side can be cemented. 
     In this case, it is preferable for the ratio between the radius of curvature of the cemented surface between the positive lens and the negative lens in the second lens group II R 2C  and the maximum image height Y′ max , R 2C /Y′ max  to satisfy the following condition (7).
 
−3.5&lt;( R   2C   /Y′   max )&lt;−1.0  (7)
 
     In the second lens group II, the negative, positive and negative lenses sequentially arranged from the object side can be structured independently. 
     At the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position of the zoom lens according to the present embodiment, the first lens group I monotonically moves to the object side, and it is preferable for the spacing between the first lens group I and the second lens group II at the wide angle position D 12W , the spacing between the first lens group and the second lens group at the telephoto position D 12T  and the focal length of the entire system at the telephoto position f T  to satisfy the following condition (8).
 
0.50&lt;( D   12T   −D   12W )/ f   T &lt;0.85  (8)
 
     Moreover, at the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position of the zoom lens according to the present embodiment, the third lens group III monotonically moves to the object side, and it is preferable for the spacing between the second lens group II and the third lens group III at the wide angle position D 23W , the spacing between the second lens group and the third lens group at the telephoto position D 23T  and the focal length of the entire system at the telephoto position f T  to satisfy the following condition (9).
 
0.25&lt;( D   23W   −D   23T )/ f   T &lt;0.65  (9)
 
     In the zoom lens according to the present embodiment, it is preferable for the focal length of the second lens group II f 2  and the focal length of the third lens group III f 3  to satisfy the following condition (10).
 
0.5&lt; |f   2   |/f   3 &lt;1.0  (10)
 
     In the zoom lens according to the present embodiment, it is preferable for the focal length of the first lens group I f 1  and the focal length of the entire system in the wide angle position f W  to satisfy the following condition (11).
 
6.0&lt; f   1   /f   W &lt;12.0  (11)
 
     The zoom lens according to the present embodiment comprises, sequentially arranged from the object side to the image side, the first lens group I having positive refracting power, the second lens group II having negative refracting power and the third lens group III having positive refracting power as described above, and can comprise three lens groups of a first lens group to a third lens group as this structure. 
     Moreover, in the zoom lens according to the present embodiment, a fourth lens group having positive refracting power can be disposed on the image side of the third lens group III, and at least the first lens group I and the third lens group III can be moved to the object side so as to increase the spacing between the first lens group I and the second lens group II and to reduce the spacing between the second lens group II and the third lens group III at the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position. 
     In the structure of the third lens group III described above and the fourth lens group described above, a fixed lens having reduced negative power can be placed on the image side of these groups. More particularly, each of the zoom lenses set forth in the present embodiment has a flexibility of adding a lens group on the image side of the third lens group. 
     The zoom lens according to the present embodiment can be constructed that the fourth lens group does not move at the time for changing magnification and the fourth lens group displaces toward the image side at the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position. 
     The zoom lens according to the present embodiment has the aperture stop S between the second lens group II and the third lens group III, and the spacing between the aperture stop S and the third lens group III can be constructed to be the widest at the wide angle position and to be the narrowest at the telephoto position. 
     The opening diameter of the aperture stop in the zoom lens according to the present embodiment can be a constant regardless of the valuable power, and also the opening diameter at the long focal length position can be set to be larger than the opening diameter at the short focal length position by changing the opening diameter of the aperture stop S with a magnification. 
     The mobile information terminal having the photographing function according to the present invention comprises the zoom lens according to the present embodiment as an optical system for photographing. The mobile information terminal can be used as a normal silver salt still camera. 
     The mobile information terminal according to the present embodiment can be constructed that the object image by the zoom lens is imaged onto a light receiving surface of an image pick up device. Such an information device can be used as an electronic still camera, digital camera, video camera having moving image photographing functions, and the like. 
     The mobile information terminal according to the present embodiment can use the image pick up device having 9 mm diagonal dimension or less and the three million pixels or more. Such an image pick up device includes, for example, an image pick up device having five million pixels in 9 mm diagonal dimension, an image pick up device having three million pixels in 6 mm diagonal dimension and the like. 
     In the zoom lens having three lens groups of positive, negative and positive, sequentially arranged from the object side, generally, the second lens group II comprises a lens group including a major variable function (so-called variator), so that the structure of the second lens group II is significant. In the information device having a photographing function which uses the above described compact image pick-up device having three million pixels to five million pixels in 6 mm to 9 mm diagonal dimension, because the pitch between the pixels of the image pick up device is small, improved aberration correction is required and the correction of off-axis aberration is difficult. Accordingly, the structure of the second lens group II requires a non-conventional structure. 
     Conventionally, in the zoom lenses comprising the three lens groups of positive, negative and positive, most of the second lens groups including the three lenses comprise, sequentially arranged from the object side, the negative lens including a surface having a large curvature on the image side, the negative lens having a concave surface on the image side and the positive lens having a convex surface on the object side 
     Such a structure of the second lens group is not suitable for accomplishing the zoom lens that uses the above described compact image pick-up device, and the half field angle of the wide angle position exceeds 35 degrees. 
     In addition, there has been known a second lens group II comprising four lenses, sequentially arranged from an object side, a negative lens having a surface including a large curvature on an image side, a negative lens, a positive lens and a negative lens. However, the thickness of the second lens group is increased by increasing the number of lenses. Therefore, the total length of the zoom lens is increased with a housed state, and the compactness of the zoom lens is thereby discouraged and the cost is also increased. 
     The present invention provides the structure of the second lens group II under the limited number of lenses, three lenses, in the second lens group II, suitable for the above described compact image pick up device and accomplishing the zoom lens that the half field angle of the wide angle position exceeds 35 degrees. 
     More particularly, as described above, the second lens group II in the zoom lens of the present invention comprises three lenses, sequentially arranged from the object side, the negative lens having the surface including a large curvature on the image side, the positive lens having the convex surface including a large curvature on the image side and the negative lens having the concave surface including a large curvature on the object side. 
     When the parameter of the condition (1) that the zoom lens according to the fourth embodiment satisfies Y′ max /f W  is 0.70 or less, the wide angle that the half field angle is 35 degrees or more can not be accomplished at the wide angle position with a state that the distortion is sufficiently corrected. When the parameter Y′ max /f W  is 1.00 or more, it becomes extremely difficult to correct the off-axis aberration at the wide angle position, and also it becomes difficult to downsize the zoom lens and the information device having a photographing function because the size of the first lens group is increased. 
     With a state that the condition (1) is satisfied, if the second lens group II comprises the three lenses, sequentially arranged from the object side, the negative lens having the surface including a large curvature on the image side, the positive lens having the convex surface including a large curvature on the image side and the negative lens having the concave surface including a large curvature on the object side, as described above, it is possible to preferably correct the off-axis aberration, specially, the chromatic aberration of magnification at the wide angle position. 
     The important point in this structure is to use the convex shapes on the image side to the image side surface of the second positive lens from the object side and the object side surface of the third negative lens from the object side, respectively. In this structure, the off-axis luminous flux adjacent to the wide angle position enters into the above surfaces generally with a large incident angle, so that the off-axis aberration can be largely changed even when the radius of curvature of the above surfaces is minimally changed. Therefore, the off-axis aberration, which should be canceled in another surface of the second lens group II or another lens group, can be produced in the surfaces (the above described surfaces having the convex shapes on the image side) with high flexibility in accordance with the correction ability in the above another surface or another lens group. Accordingly, it becomes possible to obtain an aberration correction level higher than the conventional structure of the second lens group. 
     If the second lens group comprises the conventionally well known three lenses, the negative lens including a surface having a large curvature on the image side, the negative lens having a concave surface on the image side and the positive lens having a convex surface on the object side, the image side surface of the second negative lens from the object side and the object side surface of the third positive lens from the object side have convex shapes on the object side, respectively. In this structure, when the angle with respect to the optical axis of the off-axis luminous flux is increased in the wide angle, the incident angle to these surfaces (convex surfaces on the object side) is reduced, and a changeable range of the amount of aberration to be produced is limited. Therefore, a sufficient effect for the correction of the off-axis aberration can not be obtained. 
     In the zoom lens of the fourth embodiment according to the present invention, in order to accomplish more preferable aberration correction, it is desirable for the image side surface of the negative lens to be disposed on the image most side of the second lens group II to be the aspheric surface having the feature that the negative refracting power is reduced as being separated from the optical axis as described in the present embodiment, and it is desirable for the aspheric surface to satisfy the condition (2). 
     If the parameter of the condition (2) (1−N 21 )×X 21 (H 0.8 ) is 0.0010 or less, or 0.0500 or more, the distortion, astigmatism and coma aberration can not be corrected with a good balance, and it discourages ensuring a high imaging performance especially at the wide angle limit. 
     In order to more preferably correct the distortion at the wide angle position, as described in the present embodiment, it is preferable for the object side surface of the negative lens to be disposed on the object side of the second lens group II to be the aspheric surface in addition to the image side surface of the negative lens to be disposed on the image side in the second lens group II, and it is preferable for the aspheric surface to satisfy the condition (3). 
     If the parameter of the condition (3) {(N 20 −1)×X 20 (H 0.8 )+(1−N 21 )×X 21 (H 0.8 )}/Y′ max  is 0.0500 or less, it is not preferable because the distortion at the wide angle position becomes insufficient correction or the unnatural shape having an inflection point. If the above parameter is 0.1500 or more, the distortion is over corrected, and it becomes difficult to favorably correct another off-axis aberration. 
     The amount of aspheric surface of the above aspheric surface assumes that the absolute value monotonically increases from the optical axis toward the outer circumference portion of the lens. If the conditions (2) and/or (3) are satisfied in the position of 80 percent of the maximum ray effective height, it is possible to obtain a favorable performance in the light receiving area of the compact image pick up device. 
     In addition, it becomes possible to more favorably correct the chromatic aberration by selecting a glass type which satisfies the conditions (4) to (6). 
     As the zoom lens described in the present embodiment, the second positive lens and the third negative lens from the object side, which produce large aberration each other in the second lens group II, are cemented, so that the performance deteriorated by the manufacturing errors such as the eccentricity is hardly developed, and the spacing ring becomes unnecessary. Accordingly, it becomes possible to effectively reduce the number of man-hour in the assembling. In this case, it is preferable for the cemented surface to satisfy the condition (7). 
     If the parameter of the condition (7) (R 2C /Y′ max ) is −3.5 or less, the curvature of the cemented surface is reduced, and the flexibility which produces the aberration in the cemented surface is thereby reduced. If the parameter of the condition (7) (R 2C /Y′ max ) is −1.0 or more, the curvature of the cemented surface becomes too strong, and the off-axis aberration is thereby excessively produced. Accordingly, it becomes difficult to cancel the aberration in another surface of the second lens group and another lens group. 
     In the zoom lens according to the present invention, in order to accomplish higher valuable power, it is favorable for the third lens group III to share the changing magnification function by moving the third lens group III to the object side at the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position, and thereby, to ensure the flexibility of the aberration correction by reducing the share of the second lens group II. In addition, the height of ray passing the first lens group is lowered at the wide angle position by moving the first lens group I to the object side at the time for changing magnification from the wide angle position to the telephoto position, and thereby, the size of the first lens group I to be increased with the wide angle can be controlled and the long focal length can be accomplished by ensuring large spacing between the first lens group I and the second lens group II at the telephoto position. 
     In this case, if the parameter of the condition (8) (D 12T −D 12W ) is 0.50 or less, the contribution of the second lens group II to the changing magnification is reduced. Therefore, the share of the changing magnification of the third lens group III is increased or the refracting power of the first and second lens groups has to be strengthened. Anyhow, the various types of aberration are deteriorated. In addition, the total length of the lens at the wide angle position thereby increased, and the height of ray passing the first lens group is increased. Accordingly, the size of the first lens group is increased. 
     If the parameter (D 12T −D 12W )/f T  is 0.85 or more, the total length at the wide angle position becomes too short or the total length at the telephoto position becomes too long. If the total length at the wide angle position becomes too short, the moving space of the third lens group is limited, and the contribution of the third lens group to the changing magnification is thereby reduced. Therefore, it becomes difficult to correct the entire aberration. If the entire length becomes too long at the telephoto position, the downsizing in the total length direction is discouraged, the diameter direction is also increased to ensure the peripheral light volume at the telephoto position, and the image performance is easily deteriorated by the manufacturing error such as the falling of the lens barrel. 
     It is more preferable for the above parameter (D 12T −D 12W )/f T  to satisfy the following condition.
 
0.60&lt;( D   12T   −D   12W )/ f   T &lt;0.75  (8A)
 
     On the other hand, if the parameter (D 12T −D 12W )/f T  of the condition (9) for controlling the change between the second lens group II and the third lens group III is 0.25 or less, the contribution of the third lens group III to the changing magnification is reduced, and thereby, the share to the changing magnification of the second lens group II is increased or the refracting power of the third lens group III has to be strengthened. Anyhow, various types of aberration are deteriorated. If the above parameter is 0.65 or more, the total length at the wide angle position is increased, and the height of ray passing the first lens group I is thereby increased. Therefore, the size of the first lens group I is increased. 
     It is more preferable for the above parameter (D 23W −D 23T )/f T  to satisfy the following condition.
 
0.30&lt;( D   23W   −D   23T )/ f   T &lt;0.60  (9A)
 
     Regarding the aberration correction, it is more preferable to satisfy the conditions (10), (11). If the parameter of the condition (10) |f 2 |/f 3  is 0.5 or less, the refracting power of the second lens group II becomes too strong. On the other hand, if the parameter of the condition (10) |f 2 |/f 3  is 1.0 or more, the refracting power of the third lens group III becomes too strong. Anyhow, the aberration fluctuation at the time for changing magnification is easily increased. 
     If the parameter of the condition (11) f 1 /f W  is 6.0 or less, the imaging magnification of the second lens group II comes close to the equal magnification, and the changing magnification efficiency is thereby increased. It is advantageous for the high changing magnification. However, large refracting power is required for the respective lenses in the first lens group I. Therefore, it has a negative effect such as deterioration of the chromatic aberration especially at the telephoto position. In addition, the thickness and diameter of the first lens group I are increased. Accordingly, it becomes disadvantageous for downsizing especially with the housed state. On the other hand, if the parameter f 1 /f W  is 12.0 or more, the contribution of the second lens group II to the changing magnification is reduced, and thereby, it becomes difficult to obtain the high changing magnification. 
     In an embodiment, the aperture stop is moved independently from the neighboring lens groups to make the spacing between the aperture stop and the third lens group III to be the widest at the wide angle position, so that the aperture stop comes close to the first lens group I at the wide angle position. Therefore, the height of the ray passing the first lens group I can be lowered, and the first lens group can be thereby further downsized. 
     Hereinafter, conditions for performing further preferable aberration correction will be explained within a range which does not discourage the downsizing of the zoom lens. 
     It is preferable for the first lens group I to comprise at least one negative lens and one positive lens, sequentially arranged from the object side. More particularly, the first lens group I may comprise two lenses, sequentially arranged from the object side, a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface on the object side and a positive lens having a strong convex surface on the object side, or three lenses, sequentially arranged from the object side, a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface on the object side, a positive lens having a strong convex surface on the object side and a positive lens having a strong convex surface on the object side. 
     When the entire system comprises only the three lens groups of positive, negative and positive, it is preferable for the third lens group to comprise four lenses, sequentially arranged from the object side, a positive lens, positive lens, negative lens and positive lens. In this case, the second lens and the third lens from the object side can be appropriately cemented. When the entire system comprises the four lens groups of positive, negative, positive and positive, it is preferable for the third lens group III to comprise three lenses, sequentially arranged from the object side, a positive, positive and negative. In this case, the second lens and the third lens from the object side can be appropriately cemented. 
     When the entire system comprises the four lens groups of positive, negative, positive and positive, it is preferable for the fourth lens group to comprise one positive lens. Moreover, when focusing to a finite distance, it is better to use a method for moving only the fourth lens group because the weight of the object to be moved is the smallest. The fourth lens group has a small amount of moving at the time for changing magnification, and it has a merit to use the moving mechanism both as the changing magnification and the focusing. 
     In order to further improve the downsizing of the zoom lens while maintaining a favorable aberration correction, it is necessary to use an aspheric surface. It is preferable for at least the third lens group III to include one aspheric surface or more, in addition to the second lens group II. The aspheric surface included in the third lens group III is effective to correct mainly the spherical aberration and coma aberration. 
     A molded optical glass and a molded optical plastic (referred to as a glass mold aspheric surface and a plastic mold aspheric surface), and also an aspheric surface lens formed by molding a thin resin layer on a glass lens, and forming the surface as an aspheric surface (referred to as a hybrid aspheric surface, replica aspheric surface or the like), etc., can be used as the aspheric surface lens. 
     In case of using the glass mold aspheric surface lens on the image most side in the second lens group II, if the lens of the image most side in the second lens group II is a positive lens, a glass of heavy flint type is required for correcting the chromatic aberration. However, the glass of heavy flint type has a problem that such a glass type is not suitable for the molding. As described in this embodiment, if the lens on the image most side of the second lens group is the negative lens, a glass of lanthanum crown type and a glass of tantalum flint type are used, and such glass types are suitable for the molding. 
     When the hybrid aspheric surface is used for the surface on the image most side in the second lens group II (image side surface of the negative lens on the image side), it requires a largish outer diameter of lens in order to receive a die for molding a resin layer. However, if the lens on the image most side in the second lens group II is a positive lens, the thickness of the lens edge is reduced, and thereby the lens might become unable to be processed. According to the present invention, if the lens on the image most side in the second lens group II is the negative lens, the thickness of the lens edge is increased. Therefore, there is no problem for processing. 
     In an embodiment, it is preferable for the opening diameter of the aperture stop to be constant regardless of the changing magnification, because the structure becomes simple. In addition, as described in the present embodiment, it is possible to reduce the change in the F-number with the changing magnification by increasing the opening diameter of the long focal length position compared with the short focal length position. 
     When the reduced light volume, which reaches an image surface, is required, the diameter of the aperture stop can be reduced, but it is preferable to reduce the light volume by inserting a ND filter and the like without largely changing the diameter of the aperture stop, because the resolution deteriorated by the diffraction phenomenon can be curbed. 
     Hereinafter, specific embodiments of zoom lenses according to the fourth embodiment will be explained. The maximum image height Y′ is 3.50 mm in the embodiment 5 and 3.70 mm in the embodiments 2 to 4. 
     In each of the embodiments, a parallel plate to be disposed on the image surface side of the lens system assumes various types of filters such as an optical low-pass filter and infrared cut filter, and a cover glass (seal glass) of an image pick up device such as a CCD. 
     The lens materials are all optical glasses except the optical plastic of the ninth lens (fourth lens group) of the embodiment 7. 
     In each of the embodiments, the aberration is sufficiently corrected, and each of the embodiments is applicable for an image pick up device having a diagonal dimension of about 6 mm to 9 mm and the number of pixels of three million to five million pixels. 
     The meanings of symbols in the embodiments are as follows.
     f: focal length of the entire system   F: F-number   ω: half field angle (degree)   R: radius of curvature   D: surface separation (including an aperture stop surface)   N d : refraction index   ν d : Abbe number   K: conical constant of aspheric surface   A 4 : fourth-order aspheric surface coefficient   A 6 : sixth-order aspheric surface coefficient   A 8 : eighth-order aspheric surface coefficient   A 10 : tenth-order aspheric surface coefficient   

     Each of the aspheric surfaces (denoted by applying * in the data of the respective embodiments) is defined by the known following equation when C is a reciprocal of the radius of curvature of paraxial (paraxial curvature) is, and H is height from the optical axis, and the shape is specified by applying the values of the conical constant K and the high aspheric surface coefficient A 4  to A 10 . 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   X 
                   = 
                   
                     [ 
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               CH 
                               2 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                           / 
                           
                             { 
                             
                               1 
                               + 
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     ( 
                                     
                                       1 
                                       - 
                                       
                                         
                                           ( 
                                           
                                             1 
                                             + 
                                             K 
                                           
                                           ) 
                                         
                                         ⁢ 
                                         CH 
                                       
                                     
                                     ) 
                                   
                                   } 
                                 
                               
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ] 
                           
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           
                             A 
                             4 
                           
                           · 
                           
                             H 
                             4 
                           
                         
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                           A 
                           6 
                         
                         · 
                         
                           H 
                           6 
                         
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                           A 
                           8 
                         
                         · 
                         
                           H 
                           8 
                         
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                           A 
                           10 
                         
                         · 
                         
                           H 
                           10 
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   2 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Embodiment 5 
                                f = 4.42 to 20.35, F = 2.89 to 4.62, ω = 39.55 to 9.62                                     Surface No   R   D   N d     v d     Remark               01   56.183   0.90   1.84666   23.78   First Lens       02   22.306   2.46   1.77250   49.62   Second Lens       03   129.168   0.10       04   19.540   1.90   1.77250   49.62   Third Lens       05   44.088   Variable (A)       06*   31.255   0.84   1.83500   42.98   Fourth Lens       07   3.862   2.10       08   143.581   2.45   1.76182   26.61   Fifth Lens       09   −5.555   0.74   1.83500   42.98   Sixth Lens       10*   −39.380   Variable (B)       11   Aperture   Variable (C)           Stop       12*   8.333   1.80   1.58913   61.25   Seventh Lens       13   −152.107   0.23       14   7.167   2.74   1.48749   70.44   Eighth Lens       15   14.162   0.85   1.84666   23.78   Ninth Lens       16   4.894   0.24       17   5.782   2.02   1.48749   70.44   Tenth Lens       18*   −13.873   Variable (D)       19   ∞   0.90   1.51680   64.20   Various Filters       20   ∞                         aspheric surface                                 sixth surface           K = 0.0, A 4  = 1.84029 × 10 −4 , A 6  = −4.83681 × 10 −6 ,           A 8  = 1.03688 × 10 −7 , A 10  = −1.32922 × 10 −9             tenth surface           K = 0.0, A 4  = −5.53512 × 10 −4 , A 6  = −2.57934 × 10 −5 ,           A 8  = 1.05288 × 10 −6 , A 10  = −1.31801 × 10 −7             twelfth surface           K = 0.0, A 4  = −2.23709 × 10 −4 , A 6  = −8.77690 × 10 −7 ,           A 8  = 3.19167 × 10 −7 , A 10  = −1.93115 × 10 −8             eighteenth surface           K = 0.0, A 4  = 8.00477 × 10 −4 , A 6  = 2.50817 × 10 −6 ,           A 8  = 5.14171 × 10 −7 , A 10  = −1.09665 × 10 −7                               Variable Amount                                 short focus limit   intermediate focal length   long foucs limit           f = 4.425   f = 9.488   f = 20.350               A   1.000   7.240   14.505       B   8.095   3.256   1.200       C   4.494   2.617   1.000       D   7.045   9.488   12.498                    
The parameter values of the condition equations.
 
 Y′   max   /f   W =0.791
 
{(1− N   21 )× X   21 ( H   0.8 )}/ Y′   max =0.00732
 
{( N   20 −1)× X   20 ( H   0.8 )+(1 −N   21 )× X   21 ( H   0.8 )}/ Y′   max =0.01593
 
 R 2 C/Y′   max =−1.59
 
( D   12T   −D   12W )/ f   T =0.664
 
( D   23W   −D   23T )/ f   T =0.510
 
| f   2   |/f   3 =0.689
 
| f   1   |/f   W =8.00
 
       FIG. 45  illustrates a lens structure of a zoom lens in the embodiment 5.  FIG. 49  is a diagram showing aberration at the short focal length position,  FIG. 50  is a diagram showing aberration at the intermediate focal length and  FIG. 51  is a diagram showing aberration at the long focal length position, regarding the embodiment 5. 
     In the FIG illustrating the lens structure, a reference numeral I denotes a first lens group, II denotes a second lens group, III denotes a third lens group, F denotes various types of filters and S indicates an aperture stop. These are the same in  FIGS. 46 to 48 . 
     A dashed line in each of the diagrams showing the spherical aberration denotes a sine condition, and a solid line and a dashed line in each of the diagrams showing the astigmatism denote a sagittal and a meridional, respectively. Moreover, g and d denote g line and d line, respectively. These are the same in other diagrams illustrating aberration. 
     Embodiment 6 
                                f = 4.74 to 21.55, F = 3.61 to 4.80, ω = 39.16 to 9.64                                     Surface No   R   D   N d     v d     Remark               01   18.565   0.90   1.92286   20.88   First Lens       02   12.194   3.90   1.72342   37.99   Second Lens       03   58.393   Variable (A)       04*   70.501   0.84   1.83500   42.98   Third Lens       05   4.859   2.42       06   24.219   2.54   1.76182   26.61   Fourth Lens       07   −9.529   0.74   1.83500   42.9   Fifth Lens       08*   −247.508   Variable (B)       09   Aperture   Variable (C)           Stop       10*   8.333   3.01   1.58913   61.25   Sixth Lens       11*   −10.376   0.10       12   12.420   2.34   1.75500   52.32   Seventh Lens       13   −7.111   1.35   1.68893   31.16   Eighth Lens       14   4.591   Variable (D)       15*   13.631   1.66   1.58913   61.25   Ninth Lens       16   −45.606   Variable (E)       17   ∞   0.90   1.51680   64.20   Various Filters       18   ∞                         aspheric surface                                 fourth surface           K = 0.0, A 4  = 1.78565 × 10 −4 , A 6  = −1.75390 × 10 −6 ,           A 8  = 6.61261 × 10 −9 , A 10  = 1.23143 × 10 −11             eighth surface           K = 0.0, A 4  = −3.04000 × 10 −4 , A 6  = −7.18126 × 10 −6 ,           A 8  = 1.05398 × 10 −7 , A 10  = −2.21354 × 10 −8             tenth surface           K = 0.0, A 4  = −6.40609 × 10 −4 , A 6  = −7.03343 × 10 −6 ,           A 8  = 8.98513 × 10 −7 , A 10  = −9.73391 × 10 −8             eleventh surface           K = 0.0, A 4  = 2.20124 × 10 −4 , A 6  = −8.24086 × 10 −6 ,           A 8  = 1.09927 × 10 −6 , A 10  = −1.05069 × 10 −7             fifteenth surface           K = 0.0, A 4  = −5.79936 × 10 −5 , A 6  = 8.76394 × 10 −6 ,           A 8  = −2.58155 × 10 −7 , A 10  = 4.31238 × 10 −9                               Variable Amount                                 short focus limit   intermediate focal length   long focus limit           f = 4.738   f = 10.103   f = 21.54               A   0.600   7.679   15.059       B   10.083   4.179   1.200       C   4.076   2.608   1.000       D   3.075   6.493   10.666       E   2.597   2.591   2.553                    
The parameter values for the condition equations.
 
 Y′   max   /f   W =0.781
 
{(1 −N   21 )× X   21 ( H   0.8 )}/ Y′   max =0.00923
 
{( N   20 −1)× X   20 ( H   0.8 )+(1 −N   21 )× X   21 ( H   0.8 )}/ Y′   max =0.02940
 
 R   2C   /Y′   max =−2.58
 
( D   12T   −D   12W )/ f   T =0.671
 
( D   23W   −D   23T )/ f   T =0.555
 
| f   2   |/f   3 =0.860
 
| f   1   |/f   W =9.35
 
       FIG. 46  denotes a lens structure of a zoom lens in the embodiment 6. A reference numeral IV denotes a fourth lens group. Moreover,  FIG. 52  is a diagram illustrating aberration at the short focal length position,  FIG. 53  is a diagram illustrating the aberration at the intermediate focal length and  FIG. 54  is a diagram illustrating aberration at the long focal length position, regarding the embodiment 6. 
     Embodiment 7 
                                f = 4.74 to 21.59, F = 3.32 to 4.98, ω = 39.14 to 9.55                                     Surface No   R   D   N d     v d     Remark               01   23.330   1.00   1.84666   23.80   First Lens       02   15.002   0.26       03   15.442   3.47   1.77250   49.60   Second Lens       04   135.649   Variable (A)       05*   91.446   0.84   1.83481   42.70   Third Lens       06   4.439   1.77       07   15.704   2.67   1.74077   27.80   Fourth Lens       08   −6.205   0.74   1.83481   42.70   Fifth Lens       09*   632.018   Variable (B)       10   Aperture   Variable (C)           Stop       11*   8.333   2.78   1.58913   61.15   Sixth Lens       12*   −8.607   0.10       13   15.588   2.42   1.83481   42.70   Seventh Lens       14   −4.691   0.80   1.69895   30.10   Eighth Lens       15   4.498   Variable (D)       16*   12.500   2.21   1.54340   56.00   Ninth Lens       17   −34.711   Variable (E)       18   ∞   0.90   1.51680   64.20   Various Filters       19   ∞                         aspheric surface                                 fifth surface           K = 0.0, A 4  = 2.42400 × 10 −4 , A 6  = −2.92208 × 10 −6 ,           A 8  = 9.40210 × 10 −9 , A 10  = −4.16456 × 10 −11             ninth surface           K = 0.0, A 4  = −5.16761 × 10 −4 , A 6  = 1.81605 × 10 −6 ,           A 8  = −1.01642 × 10 −6 , A 10  = −1.75699 × 10 −8             eleventh surface           K = 0.0, A 4  = −1.08496 × 10 −3 , A 6  = −2.17192 × 10 −5 ,           A 8  = 5.79037 × 10 −6 , A 10  = −5.25493 × 10 −7             twelfth surface           K = 0.0, A 4  = 4.85474 × 10 −4 , A 6  = −4.49460 × 10 −5 ,           A 8  = 8.98429 × 10 −6 , A 10  = −5.68154 × 10 −7             sixteenth surface           K = 0.0, A 4  = −5.46424 × 10 −5 , A 6  = 1.80637 × 10 −5 ,           A 8  = −9.17793 × 10 −7 , A 10  = 2.09899 × 10 −8                               Variable Amount                                 short focus limit   intermediate focal length   long foucs limit           f = 4.740   f = 10.131   f = 21.               A   0.600   6.655   15.680       B   7.051   4.217   1.200       C   3.043   1.054   1.000       D   2.000   7.725   10.995       E   3.484   2.583   2.382                    
The parameter values of the condition equations.
 
 Y′   max   /f   W =0.781
 
{(1 −N   21 )× X   21 ( H   0.8 )}/ Y′   max =0.00536
 
{( N   20 −1)× X   20 ( H   0.8 )+(1 −N   21 )× X   21 ( H   0.8 )}/ Y′   max =0.01951
 
 R   2C   /Y′   max =−1.68
 
( D   12T   −D   12W )/ f   T =0.698
 
( D   23W   −D   23T )/ f   T =0.366
 
| f   2   |/f   3 =0.792
 
 |f   1   |/f   W =8.44
 
       FIG. 47  illustrates a lens structure of a zoom lens in the embodiment 7. A reference numeral IV denotes a fourth lens group. Moreover,  FIG. 55  is a diagram illustrating aberration at the short focal length position,  FIG. 56  is a diagram illustrating aberration at the intermediate focal length and  FIG. 57  is a diagram illustrating aberration at the long focal length position, regarding the embodiment 7. 
     Embodiment 8 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 f = 4.74 to 21.62, F = 3.42 to 4.99, ω = 39.12 to 9.50 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surface No 
                 R 
                 D 
                 N d   
                 v d   
                 Remark 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 01 
                 96.656 
                 0.90 
                 1.84666 
                 23.78 
                 First Lens 
               
               
                 02 
                 29.314 
                 2.72 
                 1.77250 
                 49.62 
                 Second Lens 
               
               
                 03 
                 −219.341 
                 0.10 
               
               
                 04 
                 20.153 
                 1.80 
                 1.77250 
                 49.62 
                 Third Lens 
               
               
                 05 
                 33.538 
                 Variable (A) 
               
               
                 06* 
                 18.011 
                 0.84 
                 1.83500 
                 42.98 
                 Fourth Lens 
               
               
                 07 
                 3.936 
                 2.07 
               
               
                 08 
                 74.837 
                 1.95 
                 1.84666 
                 23.78 
                 Fifth Lens 
               
               
                 09 
                 −9.146 
                 0.74 
                 1.80420 
                 46.50 
                 Sixth Lens 
               
               
                 10* 
                 759.807 
                 Variable (B) 
               
               
                 11 
                 Aperture 
                 Variable (C) 
               
               
                   
                 Stop 
               
               
                 12* 
                 8.333 
                 3.34 
                 1.58913 
                 61.25 
                 Seventh Lens 
               
               
                 13* 
                 −8.827 
                 0.10 
               
               
                 14 
                 12.236 
                 2.45 
                 1.75500 
                 52.32 
                 Eighth Lens 
               
               
                 15 
                 −7.504 
                 0.80 
                 1.69895 
                 30.05 
                 Ninth Lens 
               
               
                 16 
                 4.892 
                 Variable (D) 
               
               
                 17* 
                 10.651 
                 1.83 
                 1.58913 
                 61.25 
                 Tenth Lens 
               
               
                 18 
                 −261.223 
                 Variable (E) 
               
               
                 19 
                 ∞ 
                 0.90 
                 1.51680 
                 64.20 
                 Various Filters 
               
               
                 20 
                 ∞ 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 aspheric surface 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                   
                 sixth surface 
               
               
                   
                 K = 0.0, A 4  = −8.08791 × 10 −5 , A 6  = −2.03124 × 10 −6 , 
               
               
                   
                 A 8  = 6.26638 × 10 −9 , A 10  = −6.12352 × 10 −11   
               
               
                   
                 tenth surface 
               
               
                   
                 K = 0.0, A 4  = −7.52609 × 10 −4 , A 6  = −1.24401 × 10 −5 , 
               
               
                   
                 A 8  = −9.65466 × 10 −7 , A 10  = −8.33332 × 10 −8   
               
               
                   
                 twelfth surface 
               
               
                   
                 K = 0.0, A 4  = −7.07947 × 10 −4 , A6 = −1.16179 × 10 −6 , 
               
               
                   
                 A 8  = 6.72505 × 10 −8 , A 10  = −2.53913 × 10 −8   
               
               
                   
                 thirteenth surface 
               
               
                   
                 K = 0.0, A 4  = 3.43658 × 10 −4 , A 6  = −1.44022 × 10 −6 , 
               
               
                   
                 A 8  = −1.33484 × 10 −7 , A 10  =−1.40822 × 10 −8   
               
               
                   
                 seventeenth surface 
               
               
                   
                 K = 0.0, A 4  = −4.75410 × 10 −5 , A 6  = 1.15429 × 10 −5 , 
               
               
                   
                 A 8  = −4.87258 × 10 −7 , A 10  = 9.54084 × 10 −9   
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Variable Amount 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 short focus limit 
                 intermediate focal length 
                 long foucs limit 
               
               
                   
                 f = 4.741 
                 f = 10.112 
                 f = 21.62 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 A 
                 0.600 
                 6.160 
                 15.040 
               
               
                 B 
                 6.288 
                 2.111 
                 1.200 
               
               
                 C 
                 3.888 
                 3.173 
                 1.000 
               
               
                 D 
                 2.000 
                 7.785 
                 11.065 
               
               
                 E 
                 3.440 
                 2.547 
                 2.351 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The parameter values of the condition equations
 
 Y′   max   /f   W =0.780
 
{(1− N   21 )× X   21 ( H   0.8 )}/ Y′   max =0.00728
 
{( N   20 −1)× X   20 ( H   0.8 )+(1 −N   21 )× X   21 ( H   0.8 )}/ Y′   max =0.00080
 
 R   2C   /Y′   max =−2.47
 
( D   12T   −D   12W )/ f   T =0.668
 
( D   23W   −D   23T )/ f   T =0.369
 
| f   2   |/f   3 =0.795
 
| f   1   |/f   W =8.14
 
       FIG. 48  illustrates a lens structure of a zoom lens in the embodiment 8. A reference numeral IV denotes a fourth lens group. Moreover,  FIG. 58  is a diagram illustrating aberration at the short focal length position,  FIG. 59  is a diagram illustrating aberration at the intermediate focal length and  FIG. 60  is a diagram illustrating aberration at the long focal length position, regarding the embodiment 8. 
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
     The lens barrel according to the present invention is applicable to a copying machine, scanner, or the like.