Patent Publication Number: US-10788697-B2

Title: Display apparatus and method of manufacturing the same

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This non-provisional application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) on Patent Application No. 2016-169653 filed in Japan on Aug. 31, 2016, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to a display apparatus and a method of manufacturing the same. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In recent years, display apparatuses provided with a functional substrate such as a touch panel, a decorative panel and the like have been widespread. A touch panel is an input interface component. A decorative panel is, for example, a reinforcement glass printed for decoration, from the viewpoint of design, display surface protection and so forth. 
     Typically, in the case where the display apparatus is provided with the functional substrate, it is so configured that an air space is interposed between the display panel and the functional substrate so that a gap is provided between the display panel and the functional substrate. More specifically, in the case where the peripheral border of the display panel is bonded to the peripheral border of the functional substrate for example, the display panel and the functional substrate are bonded together with a space provided in between so that the display surface of the display panel is not in contact with the functional substrate. In the description below, such bonding of the display panel or the like and the functional substrate with the air space interposed between them is called “air gap bonding,” while the structure of the display apparatus in which the display panel or the like and the functional substrate are bonded together with the air space interposed between them is called an “air gap bonding structure.” 
     In the case where, for example, the functional substrate is a touch panel, the air gap bonding structure may be employed to avoid a display failure caused by the touch panel making contact with the display panel, even if the touch panel is warped toward the display panel as a result of pressing action by the user. In the description below, the display failure caused by such contact is referred to as “display unevenness.” 
     Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-117646 discloses a display apparatus having an air gap bonding structure, in which a display panel or the like and a functional substrate are bonded together with a thick double-sided tape so as to have an air space while separating the display panel from the functional substrate by a predetermined distance. In the case of using a double-sided tape, however, the following problems remain. 
     First, the bonding work using the double-sided tape is carried out manually in large part, since it is difficult to automate such work by a machine. Moreover, different products of double-sided tapes have different shapes, which requires the double-sided tape to be molded into a desired shape with the use of a dedicated punching die. In the case of bonding with the double-sided tape, therefore, problems arise in the productivity, manufacturing cost and so forth. 
     Second, the double-sided tape is generally configured with foam material such as acrylic foam having a certain thickness that is held between adhesive layers in order to secure a desired distance between the display panel and the functional substrate. However, foam material such as acrylic foam is softer than non-foam material such as synthetic resin, and therefore easily causes bulk destruction. Thus, the double-sided tape tends to have lowered adhesion strength per unit area because of the bulk destruction. 
     Third, in the case where the size of the display apparatus is increased, a wide double-sided tape is necessary, making it difficult to attain a slim border display. 
     In order to solve the problems described above, it is conceivable to employ an adhesive made of resin in place of a double-sided tape. In particular, the adhesive made of resin is inexpensive, and also has the advantage of facilitating an automated bonding work. In the case where the adhesive made of resin is applied to the air gap bonding structure, however, the following problems arise. 
     First, the adhesive made of resin has low resistance to weight. Accordingly, it is difficult for the adhesive made of resin to maintain the distance between the functional substrate and the display panel. 
     Second, in the case where the viscosity of the adhesive is made higher in order to improve the resistance to weight, the discharging performance of a dispensing device, which is to be used for example to apply the adhesive, is significantly lowered. Moreover, in the case where spacer material is mixed into the adhesive in order to keep the space between the functional substrate and the display panel after bonding, the nozzle of the dispensing device is easily clogged. Thus, the countermeasures as described above would deteriorate the productivity. 
     It is therefore difficult to maintain the distance between the display panel and the functional substrate if the adhesive made of resin is used as it is in place of a double-sided tape. 
     Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H07-28409 discloses an air gap bonding structure in which a protective plate is bonded to a liquid crystal panel by a spacer made of elastic resin and adhesive resin. The spacer includes elastic resin having the shape of a long and thin quadrangular prism and adhesive resin located on three side surfaces of the elastic resin. The protective plate and the liquid crystal panel are bonded together by being adhered to one side surface of elastic resin and to the opposite side surface of the one side surface, respectively. Thus, the distance between the protective plate and the liquid crystal panel is maintained by the elastic resin. 
     To bond the protective plate to the liquid crystal panel by the spacer described above, however, it is necessary to carry out complicated steps of applying adhesive resin to the side surfaces of elastic resin and then adhering the protective plate and the liquid crystal panel to the side surfaces of the elastic resin. Therefore, the invention according to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H07-28409 cannot serve to solve the problems of productivity and so forth. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to one aspect, a display apparatus comprises: a display device; a functional substrate opposed to and bonded to the display device through an air space; and at peripheral borders of opposed surfaces of the display device and the functional substrate, first resin for maintaining a distance between the display device and the functional substrate, and second resin adhering the display device and the functional substrate to each other. 
     According to one aspect, a method of manufacturing a display apparatus comprises steps of: forming, at a peripheral border of an opposed surface of a display device or a functional substrate to be opposed to and bonded to the display device, first resin for maintaining a distance between the display device and the functional substrate; applying second resin for adhering the display device and the functional substrate to each other at the peripheral border after forming the first resin; and bonding the display device and the functional substrate together through an air space. 
     It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are not restrictive of this disclosure. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is an exploded perspective view illustrating a configuration example of a display apparatus according to the related art; 
         FIG. 2  is a section view illustrating a configuration example of a display apparatus according to the related art; 
         FIGS. 3A to 3C  illustrate an example of a method of manufacturing the display apparatus according to the related art; 
         FIGS. 4A to 4C  illustrate a problem of the related art; 
         FIG. 5  is an exploded perspective view illustrating a configuration example of a display apparatus; 
         FIG. 6  is a section view illustrating a configuration example of the display apparatus; 
         FIGS. 7A and 7B  illustrate an example of an air gap bonding structure; 
         FIGS. 8A to 8D  illustrate an example of a method of manufacturing the display apparatus; 
         FIG. 9  is a partial section view illustrating an example of the air gap bonding structure; 
         FIGS. 10A to 10D  illustrate another example of a method of manufacturing the display apparatus; 
         FIG. 11  is a partial section view illustrating another example of the air gap bonding structure; 
         FIGS. 12A to 12D  illustrate another example of the method of manufacturing the display apparatus; 
         FIG. 13  is a partial section view illustrating another example of the air gap bonding structure; 
         FIG. 14  illustrates the air gap bonding structure; 
         FIG. 15  is a graph illustrating a comparison example where comparison is made on the thickness of the second resin in the air gap bonding structure between the cases where the first resin is present and the first resin is absent. 
         FIGS. 16A to 16C  are partial section views illustrating another example of the air gap bonding structure; 
         FIGS. 17A to 17C  illustrate another example of the method of manufacturing the display apparatus; 
         FIGS. 18A to 18D  illustrate another example of the method of manufacturing the display apparatus; 
         FIGS. 19A to 19C  illustrate another example of the method of manufacturing the display apparatus; 
         FIGS. 20A and 20B  illustrate an example of an air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 2; 
         FIGS. 21A to 21D  illustrate an example of a method of manufacturing a display apparatus according to Embodiment 2; 
         FIGS. 22A and 22B  illustrate another example of the method of manufacturing the display apparatus according to Embodiment 2; 
         FIGS. 23A to 23C  are partial section views illustrating another example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 2; 
         FIG. 24  is a partial section view illustrating an example of an air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 3; 
         FIGS. 25A to 25C  illustrate an example of a method of manufacturing a display apparatus according to Embodiment 3; 
         FIGS. 26A to 26C  illustrate another example of the method of manufacturing the display apparatus according to Embodiment 3; 
         FIGS. 27A and 27B  are partial section views illustrating another example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 3; 
         FIG. 28  is a partial section view illustrating another example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 3; 
         FIG. 29  is a partial section view illustrating another example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 3; 
         FIGS. 30A to 30D  are rear views illustrating an example of an arrangement of the first resin and the second resin according to Embodiment 4; 
         FIGS. 31A and 31B  illustrate an example of an air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 5; 
         FIG. 32  is a partial section view illustrating another example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 5; 
         FIGS. 33A and 33B  are partial section views illustrating another example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 5; 
         FIGS. 34A and 34B  are partial section views illustrating another example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 5; 
         FIGS. 35A and 35B  are partial section views illustrating another example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 5; 
         FIGS. 36A and 36B  are partial section views illustrating another example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 5; 
         FIGS. 37A and 37B  are partial section views illustrating another example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 5; 
         FIGS. 38A and 38B  illustrate an example of an air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 6; 
         FIGS. 39A to 39C  are partial section views illustrating another example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 6; 
         FIGS. 40A and 40B  are partial section views illustrating another example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 6; 
         FIGS. 41A and 41B  are partial section views illustrating another example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 6; 
         FIGS. 42A to 42C  are partial section views illustrating another example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 6; 
         FIGS. 43A and 43B  are partial section views illustrating another example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 6; 
         FIGS. 44A and 44B  are partial section views illustrating an example of an air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 7; 
         FIGS. 45A and 45B  are partial section views illustrating an example of an air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 8; and 
         FIG. 46  is a graph illustrating a comparison example where comparison is made on the air gap bonding structure for the differences in the pressure in air spaces. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The present disclosure will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings illustrating the embodiments thereof. In the present specification and drawings, same components are denoted by the same reference codes. The figuration in the drawings is not necessarily consistent with the actual dimensions and proportions. The section views do not illustrate the structures in the depth direction but only illustrate cut surfaces. The language “comprise” in the present specification and claims may also encompass elements other than the ones explicitly described. Same applies to the language “have,” “include” and so forth. 
     Before describing a display apparatus according to an embodiment, a display apparatus  1  according to the related art, which is the premise of the present disclosure, will be described with reference to  FIGS. 1 to 4C . In the description below, the display surface side is assumed as the front side of a display apparatus  1 , whereas the side opposite to the display surface is assumed as the back side of the display apparatus  1 . It is further noted that only the profiles of components are illustrated in the drawings, not the details thereof, for the sake of convenience. The display apparatus  1  is, for example, a display apparatus provided with a touch panel function. The display apparatus  1  comprises a functional substrate  13  and a display device  14 . 
     The functional substrate  13  is a substrate which functions as, for example, a touch panel. More specifically, the functional substrate  13  includes a touch sensor (not illustrated) of an electrostatic capacitance type, a resistance film type, an electromagnetic induction type or the like, which senses pressing force by a finger. The functional substrate  13  has a rectangular touch surface, and is located at the frontmost of the display apparatus  1 . It is noted that the functional substrate  13  may be a decorative panel or the like. 
     The display device  14  is a device for displaying an image, and corresponds to, for example, a liquid crystal display, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, or a plasma display. According to the present embodiment, the display device  14  is described as a liquid crystal display. The display device  14  includes a display panel  141 , a backlight  142 , a casing  143  and the like, the casing  143  accommodating the display panel  141 , the backlight  142  and so forth. 
     The display panel  141  is a liquid crystal panel, and has a display surface of e.g., a rectangular shape. The display panel  141  has a color filter substrate, a liquid crystal layer, an array substrate and so forth (not illustrated), to display an image. The display panel  141  is so disposed that the display surface thereof is opposed to the back surface of the functional substrate  13 . 
     The backlight  142  is a backlight source located at the back surface of the display panel  141 . The backlight  142  has a light source such as a while light emitting diode (LED), a fluorescent tube or the like, which irradiates the back surface of the display panel  141  with illumination light. 
     The casing  143  is a box having side surfaces and a bottom surface, one side thereof being open. The open side of the casing  143  has substantially the same rectangular shape as that of the display panel  141 , while the casing  143  may accommodate the display panel  141  and the backlight  142  therein. As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , in the assembled state of the display apparatus  1 , the display panel  141  and the backlight  142  are accommodated in the casing  143 . 
     In the configuration examples illustrated in  FIGS. 1 to 4C , the functional substrate  13  is bonded to the display panel  141  with adhesive resin  212 . The adhesive resin  212  is, for example, moisture-curable resin, ultraviolet curable resin, thermosetting resin or the like. For the convenience of illustration, each of  FIGS. 3A, 3B  and  FIGS. 4A to 4C  illustrates the display apparatus  1  without the backlight  142  and the casing  143 . As illustrated in  FIG. 3A , at the time of assembling the display apparatus  1 , first, adhesive resin  212  is applied, with a predetermined thickness, along the entire perimeter of the peripheral border of the display surface on the display panel  141 . The “thickness” here means the length of the adhesive resin  212  in the direction perpendicular to the display surface of the display panel  141 . Subsequently, the functional substrate  13  is placed on the display surface of the display panel  141 , the adhesive resin  212  is cured, and thus the functional substrate  13  is adhered to the display panel  141  (see  FIG. 3B ). The display panel  141  is then accommodated in the casing  143 , to assemble the display apparatus  1  (see  FIG. 3C ). The adhesive resin  212  is cured while forming a certain width in the front-back direction of the display apparatus  1 , so that an air space  15  is formed between the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141 . 
     However, in the case where the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141  are left in the state illustrated in  FIG. 3B  in order to cure the adhesive resin  212 , the functional substrate  13  squashes the adhesive resin  212  because of its weight. As a result, the adhesive resin  212  wet-spreads in the internal and external directions (left-right directions in  FIG. 4A ) of the display apparatus  1 , as illustrated in  FIG. 4A . Then, the air space  15  between the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141  cannot maintain a proper distance, decreasing in its thickness. Accordingly, if the user presses the surface of the functional substrate  13  as illustrated in  FIG. 4B , the functional substrate  13  warps so that its back surface makes contact with the display surface of the display panel  141 , causing display unevenness. Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG. 4C , the adhesive resin  212  wet-spreads, causing problems that the resin spills over from the outer edge of the display panel  141  or spreads over the display region of the display panel  141 . Accordingly, in the air gap bonding structure where the functional substrate  13  is bonded to the display panel  141  through the air space  15 , the distance between the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141  may not appropriately be maintained only by the adhesive resin  212 . 
     According to the embodiments described below, therefore, in order to bond the functional substrate  13  to the display device  14  while maintaining an appropriate distance between them, a resin member for maintaining the distance between the functional substrate  13  and the display device  14  is employed to configure the air gap bonding structure. 
     Embodiment 1 
       FIGS. 5 to 7B  illustrate a configuration example of a display apparatus  1  according to the present embodiment.  FIG. 5  is an exploded perspective view illustrating a configuration example of the display apparatus  1 .  FIG. 6  is a section view illustrating a configuration example of the display apparatus  1 .  FIG. 7A  is a partial section view illustrating an example of the air gap bonding structure.  FIG. 7B  is a rear view illustrating an example of the air gap bonding structure. As illustrated in  FIG. 5 , the display apparatus  1  includes the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  in addition to the functional substrate  13  and the display device  14 . The first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are located between the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141 , each having the shape of a rectangular frame. The first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are provided on the peripheral borders of opposed surfaces of the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141  that are opposed to each other, along the entire perimeter thereof. That is, the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are provided on the peripheral border of the back surface of the functional substrate  13  and the peripheral border of the display surface of the display panel  141  along the entire perimeter. As will be described later, the actual first resin  11  and second resin  12  in practice do not have rectangular cross sections, though  FIGS. 5 to 7B  illustrate that the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  have rectangular cross sections for the sake of convenience. 
     The second resin  12  is an adhesive member for adhering the functional substrate  13  to the display device  14 . According to the present embodiment, the second resin  12  adheres the functional substrate  13  to the display panel  141 . The second resin  12  is, for example, moisture-curable resin, ultraviolet curable resin, thermosetting resin and so forth, similarly to the adhesive resin  212  in the related art. According to the present embodiment, the second resin  12  is described as moisture-curable resin. More specifically, the second resin  12  is a composition including fluorine compounds, silicon compounds, acrylic compounds or the like. Preferably, the viscosity of the second resin  12  is approximately 1 to 400 Pa·s in view of the degree of freedom for the thickness direction, workability and the like. In the present embodiment, the second resin  12  is a composition including silicon compounds, having the viscosity of approximately 100 Pa·s. 
     The first resin  11  is a member for maintaining the distance between the functional substrate  13  and the display device  14 . The first resin  11  may preferably be made of material which is hard to be squashed by, for example, the weight of the functional substrate  13  applied at the time of curing the second resin  12  or the load applied at the time of bonding the functional substrate  13  to the display device  14 , and may employ UV-curable resin mainly containing urethane acrylate oligomer, for example. Furthermore, the first resin  11  may have the structural viscosity ratio of 4 to 8, approximately 6 for example, so as not to be squashed between the application and curing of the second resin  12  and to maintain the distance between the functional substrate  13  and the display device  14 . Furthermore, the first resin  11  may preferably have the Shore OO hardness of approximately 10 to 50 after curing in view of, for example, the strength for maintaining the distance between the functional substrate  13  and the display device  14 , and the workability in assembly of the display apparatus  1 . 
     According to the present embodiment, the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are in contact with each other. More specifically, as illustrated in  FIGS. 6, 7A  and so forth, the outer peripheral side surfaces of the first resin  11  formed in the shape of a rectangular frame is in contact with the inner peripheral side surfaces of the second resin  12  formed also in the shape of a rectangular frame. The first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are then in contact with the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141 . 
       FIGS. 8A to 8D  illustrate an example of a method of manufacturing the display apparatus  1 . In the case where the display apparatus  1  is assembled, as illustrated in  FIG. 8A , the first resin  11  is applied first to the peripheral border of the display surface of the display panel  141 , i.e., the peripheral border of an opposed surface which will be opposed to the functional substrate  13  after assembly. It is noted that the first resin  11  is applied by a dispensing device (not illustrated). The first resin  11  is then irradiated with ultraviolet rays and cured. Subsequently, as illustrated in  FIG. 8B , the second resin  12  is applied to the peripheral border of the display surface of the display panel  141 . More specifically, the second resin  12  is applied by the dispensing device similarly to the first resin  11  so as to be in contact with the outer peripheral side surfaces of the first resin  11 . Subsequently, as illustrated in  FIG. 8C , the functional substrate  13  is placed over the display surface of the display panel  141  while the back surface of the functional substrate  13  is opposed to the display surface of the display panel  141 . The second resin  12  is left in this state until it absorbs the moisture contained in the air and is cured. Accordingly, the second resin  12  adheres the functional substrate  13  to the display panel  141 . That is, the functional substrate  13  is bonded to the display panel  141 . The display panel  141  in the adhered state is then accommodated in the casing  143 , to assemble the display apparatus  1 , as illustrated in  FIG. 8D . 
       FIG. 9  illustrates the specific shapes of the first resin  11  and the second resin  12 . In the case where curing of the second resin  12  proceeds while being in the state illustrated in  FIG. 8C , the distance between the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141  is maintained by the first resin  11 . Thus, the second resin  12  is cured without being excessively squashed by the weight of the functional substrate  13 . Here, the second resin  12  is affected by the surface tension or the like, and thus is cured without wet-spreading on the display surface of the display panel  141 . More specifically, as illustrated in  FIG. 9 , the first resin  11  formed on the display surface of the display panel  141  is affected by the gravity force at the time of curing by the irradiation of ultraviolet rays (see  FIG. 8A ), and is formed in an U shape which protrudes toward the front side. In the case where the second resin  12  is applied in the form of being in contact with the first resin  11  to bond the display panel  141  to the functional substrate  13 , the second resin  12  is cured in the form of being attached to the first resin  11 . That is, the second resin  12  is affected by the surface tension, weight or the like and is cured with the sectional shape of a half arch along the outer peripheral side surfaces of the first resin  11 . 
     As described earlier, the second resin  12  is cured while the first resin  11  maintains the distance between the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141 , thereby reducing a risk of the second resin  12  wet-spreading in the internal and external directions (left-right directions in  FIG. 9 ) of the display apparatus  1  and spilling over from the outer edge of the display panel  141 . Particularly, in the example described above, the second resin  12  is applied in the form of being in contact with the first resin  11 . Since the second resin  12  is cured in the form of being attached to the first resin  11 , the risk of wet-spreading in the external direction is further reduced. Moreover, the second resin  12  is dammed up by the first resin  11  and thus will not have a risk of wet-spreading in the internal direction. 
       FIGS. 10A to 10D  illustrate another example of a method of manufacturing the display apparatus  1 . Though the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are applied to the display panel  141  in  FIGS. 8A to 8D , the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are applied to the functional substrate  13  according to the manufacturing method illustrated in  FIGS. 10A to 10D . The functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141  are then bonded together while being opposed to each other. Here, as illustrated in  FIG. 11 , the first resin  11  is formed in the U shape which protrudes toward the back side. In the case where the second resin  12  is applied while being in contact with the first resin  11  to bond the display panel  141  to the functional substrate  13 , the second resin  12  is cured in the form of being attached to the first resin  11 , as in the description above. Meanwhile, as the second resin  12  is sagged to the back side due to the action of gravity, the cross sectional shape thereof will not be a half arch like  FIG. 9 , but the outer peripheral side surface is curved inward and cured. Even with the manufacturing method illustrated in  FIGS. 10A to 10D , the display panel  141  may be bonded to the functional substrate  13  by the second resin  12  while maintaining an appropriate distance by the first resin  11 . 
       FIGS. 12A to 12D  illustrate another example of a method of manufacturing the display apparatus  1 . In the case of the manufacturing method illustrated in  FIGS. 12A to 12D , first, the first resin  11  is formed on the display surface of the display panel  141 , and subsequently the second resin  12  is applied to the back surface of the functional substrate  13 . The display surface of the display panel  141  and the back surface of the functional substrate  13  are then bonded together while being opposed to each other. Here, as illustrated in  FIG. 13 , the first resin  11  is formed in the U shape which protrudes toward the front side. By being applied to be in contact with the first resin  11 , the second resin  12  is attached to the first resin  11  and is cured while its outer peripheral side surface is curved so as to be recessed inward, as in the description above. Even in the manufacturing method illustrated in  FIGS. 12A to 12D , the functional substrate  13  may be bonded to the display panel  141  by the second resin  12  while maintaining an appropriate distance by the first resin  11 . 
     Though the case where the first resin  11  is applied to the display panel  141  and the second resin  12  is applied to the functional substrate  13  is illustrated in  FIGS. 12A to 12D , it is understood that the first resin  11  may also be applied to the functional substrate  13  and the second resin  12  may also be applied to the display panel  141 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 8A to 13 , by the method of manufacturing the display apparatus  1 , the second resin  12  may be applied after curing the first resin  11 , to bond the functional substrate  13  to the display panel  141 . The other details as to which one of the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  is applied to either one of the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141 , for example, are not specifically limited. 
     As such, the first resin  11  appropriately maintains the distance between the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141 . Accordingly, the second resin  12  is cured while maintaining an appropriate thickness to adhere the functional substrate  13  to the display panel  141 . As illustrated in  FIG. 14 , therefore, even if the user presses the surface of the functional substrate  13  so that the functional substrate  13  is warped, the risk of the back surface of the functional substrate  13  being in contact with the display surface of the display panel  141  is reduced compared to the related art. 
       FIG. 15  illustrates a comparison example where comparison is made on the thickness of the second resin  12  in the air gap bonding structure between the cases where the first resin  11  is present and the first resin  11  is absent. Here, the thickness of the second resin  12  (and the first resin  11 ) immediately after the second resin  12  is applied is compared with the thickness of the second resin  12  (and the first resin  11 ) after bonding the functional substrate  13  to the display panel  141 . As illustrated in  FIG. 15 , in the case where the first resin  11  is absent, the second resin  12  is squashed by, for example, the load of the functional substrate  13  after bonding and the thickness thereof is reduced to half or less. More specifically, the thickness of the second resin  12  is more reduced as the amount of the applied second resin  12  is increased, causing a significant influence by the second resin  12  wet-spreading. In the case where the first resin  11  is present, on the other hand, the second resin  12  (and the first resin  11 ) after bonding has a thickness of three-quarters or more compared to the second resin  12  immediately after application regardless of the amount applied. That is, in the case where the first resin  11  is present, the reduced amount of the thickness of the second resin  12  is smaller compared to the case without the first resin  11 . Accordingly, in the manufacturing step for the display apparatus  1 , the dispensing device is controlled so as to apply the first resin  11  by an appropriate amount, so that the distance between the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141  may be sufficient. 
       FIGS. 16A to 16C  illustrate another example of the air gap bonding structure. Though a configuration where the first resin  11  is located at the inner side on the peripheral borders of the opposite surfaces of the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141  whereas the second resin  12  is located at the outer side thereon has been described above, the display apparatus  1  according to the present embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 16A , the first resin  11  may be located at the outer side and the second resin  12  may be located at the inner side. In the case where the air gap bonding structure illustrated in  FIG. 16A  is employed, after forming the first resin  11  at the peripheral border of the display panel  141  or the functional substrate  13 , the second resin  12  is applied at the inner peripheral side of the first resin  11  on the display panel  141  or the functional substrate  13 , to bond the display panel  141  and the functional substrate  13  together. Since the air gap bonding structure illustrated in  FIG. 16A  is similar to that in the structure illustrated in  FIG. 7A  except for the reversed positional relationship of the first resin  11  and the second resin  12 , the method of manufacturing the display apparatus  1 , the specific shapes of the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  and so forth will neither be illustrated nor be described. 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in  FIG. 16B , the first resin  11  may be located at the peripheral border, and the second resin  12  and  12  may be located on both sides of the first resin  11 . Here, air gap bonding is carried out by the manufacturing method illustrated in  FIGS. 17A to 17C , for example. In the description below, the manufacturing method will be illustrated only for the portions concerning the air gap bonding in order to simplify the illustration. As illustrated in  FIGS. 17A to 17C , first, the first resin  11  is formed at the peripheral border of the display panel  141 , and thereafter the second resin  12  and  12  are applied on both sides of the first resin  11 . The display panel  141  and the functional substrate  13  are then bonded together while being opposed to each other. Accordingly, as illustrated in  FIG. 17C , the second resin  12  is cured having an arch-like sectional shape, and adheres the functional substrate  13  to the display panel  141 . 
     While  FIG. 16B  illustrates the second resin  12  being in contact with both the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141 , the present embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, the second resin  12  may also be only in contact with either one of the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141 .  FIGS. 18A to 18D  illustrate another example of a method of manufacturing the display apparatus  1 . In this example, first, the first resin  11  is formed on the display surface of the display panel  141 . Subsequently, the functional substrate  13  is placed on a working table with its back surface facing upward, and the second resin  12  is applied to the back surface of the functional substrate  13  with an amount of application so adjusted that the thickness of the final second resin  12  is less than the thickness of the first resin  11 . The display panel  141  is then placed on the functional substrate  13  and is left for a predetermined period of time to cure the second resin  12 . Here, since the second resin  12  is adjusted for the amount applied and thus is sagged to the back side of the functional substrate  13  due to the action of gravity, the thickness thereof is made smaller than that of the first resin  11 . After the second resin  12  is cured, the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141  are inverted to be in the state illustrated in  FIG. 18D . In the air gap bonding structure illustrated in  FIG. 18D , the first resin  11  is in contact with both the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141 , whereas the second resin  12  is only in contact with the functional substrate  13  but not in contact with the display panel  141 . As illustrated in  FIG. 18D , the thickness of the second resin  12  is less than the thickness of the first resin  11 , and thus the second resin  12  is not in contact with the display panel  141 . The second resin  12  however fixes the contact portion between the functional substrate  13  and the first resin  11  which is in contact with both the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141 , allowing the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141  to be bonded together through the first resin  11 . 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in  FIG. 16C  for example, the first resin  11  and  11  may be provided while being separated from each other and the second resin  12  may be located between the first resin  11  and  11 . Here, as illustrated in  FIGS. 19A to 19C  for example, first, the first resin  11  and  11  are formed at the peripheral border of the display panel  141  while being separated from each other, and thereafter the functional substrate  13  on which the second resin  12  is applied is bonded to the display panel  141 . Accordingly, as illustrated in  FIG. 19C , the second resin  12  provided between the first resin  11  and  11  adheres the functional substrate  13  to the display panel  141 . Even with the configuration described above, an effect similar to the earlier examples may be produced. 
     According to Embodiment 1, therefore, the display apparatus  1  includes the first resin  11  for maintaining the distance between the display device  14  and the functional substrate  13 . Since the air gap bonding may be carried out using a resin member which is inexpensive and is easy to automate the bonding, the present embodiment is superior to the case where the double-sided tape is used in terms of manufacturing cost and productivity. Moreover, by the presence of the first resin  11 , an air space  15  of an appropriate distance is interposed between the display device  14  and the functional substrate  13 , preventing the occurrence of display unevenness caused by pressing the functional substrate  13 . Furthermore, an adhesive made of resin has adhesion strength higher than that of the double-sided tape using acrylic foam, so that sufficient adhesion strength per unit area for the display panel  141  and the functional substrate  13  may be secured. In addition, the adhesion area of the adhesive member occupying the peripheral borders of the opposite surfaces of the display panel  141  and the functional substrate  13  may be made smaller, and thus the display apparatus  1  with slim border may be attained. 
     According to Embodiment 1, the second resin  12  is cured in the form of being attached to the first resin  11  because the first resin  11  is in contact with the second resin  12 . It is thus possible to further suppress wet-spreading of the second resin  12 , and to attain an improved slim border structure. 
     According to Embodiment 1, as the Shore OO hardness of the first resin  11  is in the range of 10 to 50, the first resin  11  may be configured not to be easily squashed such that the distance between the display device  14  and the functional substrate  13  may appropriately be maintained. 
     According to Embodiment 1, as the second resin  12  is applied to bond the display device  14  to the functional substrate  13  after the first resin  11  is formed, the second resin  12  adheres the functional substrate  13  to the display panel  141  while the first resin  11  maintains the distance between the display device  14  and the functional substrate  13 . By the presence of the first resin  11 , the air space  15  of an appropriate distance is interposed between the display device  14  and the functional substrate  13 , which can prevent the occurrence of display unevenness caused by pressing the functional substrate  13 . Moreover, the second resin  12  is cured in the state where an appropriate distance is maintained by the first resin  11 , so that wet-spreading of the second resin  12  may be suppressed while a slim border structure may be attained. 
     According to Embodiment 1, as the structural viscosity ratio of the first resin  11  is in the range of 4 to 8, the first resin  11  may be configured not to be easily squashed by a load, and thus the distance between the display device  14  and the functional substrate  13  may appropriately be maintained. 
     Embodiment 2 
     In the present embodiment, a configuration where the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are separated from each other will be described. Parts corresponding to those in Embodiment 1 will be denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawings and the description thereof will not be repeated. 
       FIGS. 20A and 20B  illustrate configuration examples of the display apparatus  1  according to Embodiment 2.  FIG. 20A  is a partial section view illustrating an example of an air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 2.  FIG. 20B  is a rear view illustrating an example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 2. According to the present embodiment, the outer peripheral side surface of the first resin  11  is not in contact with the inner peripheral side surface of the second resin  12 , and a small gap is present between the first resin  11  and the second resin  12 . More specifically, as illustrated in  FIGS. 20A and 20B , the first resin  11  having a rectangular frame shape is provided at the peripheral borders of the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141 . Likewise, the second resin  12  of a rectangular frame shape has an inner peripheral side surface substantially in parallel with the outer peripheral side surface of the first resin  11 , and is provided at the peripheral borders of the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141  with a distance from the outer peripheral side surface of the first resin  11 . That is, the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are separated from each other. 
       FIGS. 21A to 21D  illustrate an example of a method of manufacturing the display apparatus  1  according to Embodiment 2. In the case of the structure as illustrated in  FIGS. 20A and 20B , for example, the first resin  11  is formed at the peripheral border of the functional substrate  13 , and thereafter the second resin  12  is applied on the outer side of the first resin  11 . The functional substrate  13  is then bonded to the display panel  141  and is left for a predetermined period of time to cure the second resin  12 . Here, as illustrated in  FIG. 21D , the second resin  12  forms curved surfaces that are recessed inward on the outer peripheral side surface and on the inner peripheral side surface, due to the function of surface tension and so on, and is cured in the external and internal directions of the display apparatus  1  without wet-spreading. Though the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are applied to the functional substrate  13  in  FIGS. 21A to 21D , it is understood that they may alternatively be applied to the display panel  141 . 
     Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG. 22A  for example, the first resin  11  is applied to the display panel  141  and the second resin  12  is applied to the functional substrate  13 , to bond the display panel  141  to the functional substrate  13 . Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG. 22B  for example, the first resin  11  is applied to the functional substrate  13  and the second resin  12  is applied to the display panel  141 , to bond the display panel  141  and the functional substrate  13  together. As such, the method of manufacturing the display apparatus  1  according to the present embodiment is to provide the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  separated from each other, but does not limit the other details as to which one of the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  is applied to either one of the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141 , for example. 
     Since the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are separated from each other, even in the case where the combination of the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  causes a change in the properties thereof, no change occurs because the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are not in contact with each other. Accordingly, the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  have a higher degree of freedom for the combination thereof. Furthermore, as in Embodiment 1, sufficient adhesion strength per unit area may be ensured while an appropriate distance between the display device  14  and the functional substrate  13  is secured. 
       FIGS. 23A to 23C  illustrate another example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 2. As illustrated in  FIG. 23A , the first resin  11  may be located at the outer side on the peripheral borders of the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141 , and the second resin  12  may be located at the inner side on the peripheral borders thereof. Furthermore, as illustrated in  FIG. 23B , the first resin  11  may be located at the peripheral border, and the second resin  12  and  12  may be located on both sides of the first resin  11  while being separated from the first resin  11 . Furthermore, as illustrated in  FIG. 23C , the first resin  11  and  11  may be provided while being separated from each other, and the second resin  12  may be located between the first resin  11  and  11  while being separated from the first resin  11  and  11 . The configuration illustrated in  FIGS. 23A to 23C  produces an effect similar to the examples above. 
     According to Embodiment 2, therefore, the first resin  11  is separated from the second resin  12 , which increases the degree of freedom for the combination of the first resin  11  and the second resin  12 . 
     Embodiment 3 
     In the present embodiment, a configuration where the first resin  11  or the second resin  12  has a multi-layered structure will be described.  FIG. 24  illustrates an example of an air gap bonding structure where the first resin  11  or the second resin  12  has a multi-layered structure.  FIG. 24  has the first resin  11  with a three-layered structure. It is noted that the multi-layered structure may have two, four or more layers. 
     In the case of the configuration as illustrated in  FIG. 24 , first, the first resin  11  is formed by applying and curing the first resin  11  layer by layer at the peripheral border of the display panel  141 , as illustrated in  FIGS. 25A to 25C  for example. As illustrated in  FIG. 25A , the amount of the applied first resin  11  may be adjusted so as to be gradually increased toward the front side in order to suppress the second resin  12  wet-spreading at the time of bonding. Subsequently, the second resin  12  is applied so as to be in contact with the first resin  11  which has a multi-layered structure. The functional substrate  13  is then bonded to the display panel  141  to form the air gap bonding structure. In the case where the second resin  12  is cured in the state illustrated in  FIG. 25C , the second resin  12  is affected by the force of gravity and is sagged to the back side. Wet-spreading of the second resin  12  may however be suppressed, since the layer of the first resin  11  is made smaller toward the back side. 
       FIGS. 26A to 26C  illustrate another example of a method of manufacturing a display apparatus  1  according to Embodiment 3. Though the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are applied to the display panel  141  in  FIGS. 25A to 25C , the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are applied to both the display panel  141  and the functional substrate  13  according to the manufacturing method illustrated in  FIGS. 26A to 26C . More specifically, as illustrated in  FIG. 26A , first, two layers of the first resin  11  is formed on the display panel  141 , and one layer of the first resin  11  is formed on the functional substrate  13 . In such a case, the first resin  11  located in the intermediate layer may be reduced in the amount to be applied compared to the first resin  11  concerning the other layers such that the second resin  12  will not wet-spread at the time of bonding. Subsequently, as illustrated in  FIG. 26B , the second resin  12  is applied to the display panel  141  and the functional substrate  13  in the form of being in contact with the first resin  11 , to bond the display panel  141  to the functional substrate  13 . Accordingly, as illustrated in  FIG. 26C , the first resin  11  is formed in the state of three layers. Moreover, the second resin  12  and  12  applied to both the display panel  141  and the functional substrate  13  form one integrated part by bonding. The second resin  12  is affected by the surface tension or the like so that the outer peripheral side surface is curved inward and cured, to adhere the functional substrate  13  to the display panel  141 . Since the first resin  11  in the intermediate layer has a smaller amount of application compared to that of the first resin  11  concerning the other layers, the first resin  11  has a cross-section where the intermediate portion is thinner than the other portions, which can prevent the second resin  12  from wet-spreading. 
     The multi-layered structure of the first resin  11  as described above allows the first resin  11  to securely have an appropriate thickness even in the case where increase in the distance between the display device  14  and the functional substrate  13  is desired, or where the first resin  11  cannot be formed in a required thickness by only one application. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 27A , the second resin  12  may be made to have a multi-layered structure. As illustrated in  FIG. 27B , both the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  may have multi-layered structures. This can secure an appropriate thickness of the second resin  12 . 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in  FIG. 28 , the first resin  11   a  concerning a part of the layers may be made of resin with a structural viscosity ratio, a Shore OO hardness and the like that are different from those of the first resin  11   b  concerning the other layers. As illustrated in  FIG. 29 , the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  formed in multi-layered structures may be separated from each other. It is noted that the positional relationship of the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  may be reversed in the air gap bonding structure illustrated in  FIG. 29 . Moreover, another resin may be provided on both sides of one resin. 
     According to Embodiment 3, the first resin  11  or the second resin  12  may have a multi-layered structure, so that a necessary distance may easily be formed between the display device  14  and the functional substrate  13 . 
     Embodiment 4 
     In the present embodiment, a configuration where the first resin  11  or the second resin  12  is provided at a part of the peripheral border of the display panel  141  and the functional substrate  13  will be described. 
       FIGS. 30A to 30D  illustrate a configuration example of a display apparatus  1  according to Embodiment 4. In Embodiment 1, the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are provided on the peripheral borders of the opposite surfaces of the display panel  141  and the functional substrate  13  along the entire perimeter. As illustrated in  FIGS. 30A to 30D , however, the first resin  11  or the second resin  12  may alternatively be provided only at a part of the peripheral borders of the opposite surfaces of the display panel  141  and the functional substrate  13 . In the case of the configuration example illustrated in  FIG. 30A , the first resin  11  is provided along the entire perimeter while the second resin  12  is provided only at parts of the peripheral border. More specifically, the first resin  11  is provided in the shape of a rectangular frame along the entire perimeter of the peripheral border. The second resin  12  is provided at multiple parts of the peripheral border in the form of being in contact with the four corners of the first resin  11  having the shape of a rectangular frame and with the outer peripheral side surfaces of the first resin  11  at the middle parts of the four sides. The second resin  12  provided at the four corners and the middle parts of the four sides of the rectangular frame concerning the first resin  11  can securely adhere the functional substrate  13  to the display panel  141 . It is noted that the positions of the second resin  12  are not limited to those described above, but the second resin  12  may only be provided, for example, at the middle parts of the four sides of the first resin  11 . Even with the configuration where the second resin  12  is provided only at a part of the peripheral border as described above, the second resin  12  may serve to adhere the functional substrate  13  to the display device  14  while the first resin  11  appropriately maintains the distance between the display device  14  and the functional substrate  13 . 
     Moreover, unlike  FIG. 30A , such a configuration may also be possible that the second resin  12  is provided along the entire perimeter of the peripheral border and the first resin  11  is provided at multiple portions in the form of being in contact with a part of the inner peripheral side surfaces of the second resin  12 , as illustrated in  FIG. 30B , for example. This configuration produces an effect similar to the example above. 
     Furthermore, unlike  FIG. 30A , the first resin  11  may be located at the outer peripheral side and the second resin  12  may be located at the inner peripheral side, as illustrated in  FIG. 30C . Here, the first resin  11  is provided in the shape of a rectangular frame along the entire perimeter of the peripheral border, whereas the second resin  12  is provided at multiple parts in the form of being in contact with parts of the inner peripheral side surfaces of the first resin  11 . It is also possible here that the second resin  12  may be provided along the entire perimeter and the first resin  11  may be provided at multiple parts in the form of being in contact with the outer peripheral side surfaces of the second resin  12 . Furthermore, as illustrated in  FIG. 30D , both the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  may also be provided only at parts of the peripheral border. Here, the first resin  11  is provided at parts of the peripheral border, whereas the second resin  12  is provided at the same parts of the peripheral border in the form of being in contact with the first resin  11 . 
     While the configuration has been described where the first resin  11  is in contact with the second resin  12 , another configuration where the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are separated from each other as in Embodiment 2 may also be employed. 
     According to Embodiment 4, therefore, the first resin  11  or the second resin  12  may be provided at a part of the peripheral border. This can, for example, reduce the amount of the first resin  11  or the second resin  12  to be applied, and shorten the time for application. 
     Embodiment 5 
     In the present embodiment, a configuration where the first resin  11  or the second resin  12  is applied to the casing  143  of the display device  14  will be described. 
       FIGS. 31A and 31B  illustrate a configuration example of a display apparatus  1  according to Embodiment 5.  FIG. 31A  is a partial section view illustrating an example of an air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 5.  FIG. 31B  is a rear view illustrating an example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 5. In  FIGS. 31A and 31B , the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are not in contact with the display panel  141  but are in contact with the casing  143 . More specifically, as illustrated in  FIG. 31A , the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are provided on an end face of the side wall of the casing  143  located on the opening face of the casing  143  and opposed to the back surface of the functional substrate  13 . For example, the first resin  11  is provided in the shape of a rectangular frame body on the end face, whereas the second resin  12  is provided also on the end face in the shape of a rectangular frame to be in contact with the outer peripheral side surface of the first resin  11 . The first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are in contact with the end face of the casing  143 , while being in contact with the back surface of the functional substrate  13 . In the configuration described above, the amount of application is appropriately adjusted for the first resin  11  and the second resin  12 , so that the functional substrate  13  is adhered to the casing  143  while appropriately maintaining the distance between the display device  14  and the functional substrate  13 . 
       FIG. 32  illustrates another example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 5. In  FIG. 32 , unlike the configuration example illustrated in  FIG. 31A , a configuration example where the first resin  11  is located at the outer peripheral side on the end face whereas the second resin  12  is provided at the inner peripheral side on the end face is illustrated. That is, the positional relationship of the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  is reversed from that in the configuration example illustrated in  FIG. 31A . Even in the configuration example illustrated in  FIG. 32 , an effect similar to that illustrated in  FIG. 31A  is produced. 
     Moreover,  FIGS. 33A to 34B  illustrate another example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 5. While  FIGS. 31A, 31B and 32  illustrate the configuration example where the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are located on the end face of the casing  143 , the first resin  11  or the second resin  12  may be provided in the form of bridging the end face and the display panel  141 . More specifically, the first resin  11  or the second resin  12  are provided in the form of being in contact with the end face of the casing  143  in the display device  14  and with the display surface of the display panel  141 , and also being in contact with the back surface of the functional substrate  13 . For example, in the configuration example illustrated in  FIG. 33A , the second resin  12  is provided in the form of bridging the end face and the display panel  141 . Here, the second resin  12  is in contact with both the display panel  141  and the casing  143 . Moreover, the second resin  12  is also in contact with the back surface of the functional substrate  13 . It is noted that the first resin  11  is provided on the display surface of the display panel  141  and is in contact with the inner peripheral side surface of the second resin  12 . 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in  FIG. 33B , the first resin  11  may be provided in the form of bridging the end face and the display panel  141 . In the configuration example illustrated in  FIG. 33B , the second resin  12  is provided in the form of being in contact with the outer peripheral side surface of the first resin  11 . As illustrated in  FIG. 34A , the first resin  11  may bridge the end face and the display panel  141 , and the second resin  12  may be located at the inner peripheral side of the first resin  11 . Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG. 34B , the second resin  12  is provided in the form of bridging the end face and the display panel  141 , and the first resin  11  may be provided on the end face in the form of being in contact with the outer peripheral side surface of the second resin  12 . That is, unlike  FIG. 33A , the first resin  11  may be located at the outer peripheral side of the second resin  12 . 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in  FIG. 35A , the first resin  11  and  11  may be provided on the end face while being separated from each other and the second resin  12  may be provided between the first resin  11  and  11 . Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG. 35B , in the configuration where the second resin  12  is located between the first resin  11  and  11 , the second resin  12  may bridge the end face and the display panel  141 . While  FIG. 35B  illustrates that the second resin  12  bridges the end face and the display panel  141 , it is understood that the first resin  11  may alternatively bridge the end face and the display panel  141 . While  FIGS. 35A and 35B  illustrate the configuration where the second resin  12  is located between the first resin  11  and  11 , it is understood that the second resin  12  and  12  may also be provided on both sides of the first resin  11 . 
     Furthermore, as illustrated in  FIGS. 36A and 36B , the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  may be separated from each other. For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 36A , the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  may be separated from each other on the end face. Furthermore, as illustrated in  FIG. 36B , the second resin  12  may be provided on the end face while the first resin  11  may be provided on the display surface of the display panel  141 . In the configuration example illustrated in  FIGS. 36A and 36B , the positional relationship of the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  may be reversed. Furthermore, in the configuration example illustrated in  FIGS. 36A and 36B , the first resin  11  or the second resin  12  may be provided in the form of bridging the end face and the display panel  141 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 37A and 37B , the first resin  11  or the second resin  12  may have a multi-layered structure.  FIGS. 37A and 37B  illustrate a configuration example where the first resin  11  has a multi-layered structure.  FIG. 37A  illustrates a configuration example where the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are in contact with each other and are located on the end face.  FIG. 37B  illustrates a configuration example where the first resin  11  is provided on the display panel  141  and the second resin  12  is provided on the end face while being in contact with each other. It is understood that the second resin  12  may have a multi-layered structure, and both the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  may have multi-layered structures. Moreover, the positional relationship of the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  may be reversed, one of the resin may bridge the end face and the display panel  141 , or one of the resin may be provided on both sides of the other resin. 
     According to Embodiment 5, even with the configuration where the first resin  11  or the second resin  12  is provided at the casing  143  of the display device  14 , an effect similar to those in Embodiments 1 to 4 may be produced. 
     Embodiment 6 
     The present embodiment describes a configuration where the display device  14  includes a bezel  144  for protecting the display surface of the display panel  141 . 
       FIGS. 38A and 38B  illustrate a configuration example of a display apparatus  1  according to Embodiment 6.  FIG. 38A  is a partial section view illustrating an example of an air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 6.  FIG. 38B  is a rear view illustrating an example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 6. The display device  14  according to the present embodiment includes a bezel  144 . The bezel  144  is a frame for holding the display panel  141  and, for example, is a metal plate made of stainless steel. The bezel  144  has a front part  1441  and a side part  1442 . The front part  1441  has the shape of a rectangular frame, and covers the peripheral border of the display panel  141  in the state where the display area of the display panel  141  is exposed through the opening of the rectangular frame. The side part  1442  has the shape of a rectangular tube, and protrudes from the outer peripheral border of the front part  1441  in the back surface direction. The side part  1442  covers the display panel  141 , the backlight  142  and the casing  143  from the outer peripheral side. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 38A , the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are provided on the front part  1441  of the bezel  144 . More specifically, the first resin  11  having the shape of a rectangular frame is provided at the front face of the front part  1441 . The second resin  12  is provided also at the front face of the front part  1441  similarly to the first resin  11 , in the form of being in contact with the outer peripheral side surface of the first resin  11 . The first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are cured in the state of being in contact with the bezel  144  and the functional substrate  13 . Accordingly, the first resin  11  maintains the distance between the functional substrate  13  and the bezel  144  concerning the display device  14 , while the second resin  12  adheres the functional substrate  13  to the bezel  144 . As can be seen from the above, even with the configuration where the display device  14  has a protection frame such as the bezel  144 , an effect similar to those in Embodiments 1 to 5 may be produced. 
       FIGS. 39A to 43B  illustrate another example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 6. As illustrated in  FIG. 39A , the first resin  11  may be located at the outer peripheral side on the front part  1441  and the second resin  12  may be located at the inner peripheral side on the front part  1441  while being in contact with each other. Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG. 39B , the first resin  11  and  11  may be located on both sides of the second resin  12 . Furthermore, as illustrated in  FIG. 39C  which has reverse positioning from  FIG. 39B , the second resin  12  and  12  may be located on both sides of the first resin  11 . 
     In addition, as illustrated in  FIGS. 40A to 41B , the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  may be provided on the front part  1441  of the bezel  144  while being separated from each other. More specifically, as illustrated in  FIG. 40A , the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  may be provided on the front part  1441  so as to be located at the inner peripheral side and the outer peripheral side, respectively. Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG. 40B , the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  may be provided on the front part  1441  so as to be located at the outer peripheral side and the inner peripheral side, respectively. Furthermore, as illustrated in  FIG. 41A , the first resin  11 , the second resin  12  and the first resin  11  may be provided on the front part  1441  in the described order from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side while being separated from one another. In addition, as illustrated in  FIG. 41B , the second resin  12 , the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  may be provided on the front part  1441  in the described order from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side while being separated from one another. Even with the configuration described above, an effect similar to that of the configuration illustrated in  FIGS. 38A to 39C  is produced. 
     Moreover, as illustrated in  FIGS. 42A to 43B , the first resin  11  or the second resin  12  may have a multi-layered structure. For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 42A , the first resin  11  may have a multi-layered structure and be located on the front part  1441  of the bezel  144 , whereas the second resin  12  may be provided in the form of being in contact with the outer peripheral side surface of the first resin  11 . Furthermore, as illustrated in  FIG. 42B , the second resin  12  may have a multi-layered structure and be located on the front part  1441 , whereas the first resin  11  may be provided in the form of being in contact with the inner peripheral side surface of the second resin  12 . In addition, as illustrated in  FIG. 42C , both the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  may also have multi-layered structures and be located on the front part  1441  in the form of being in contact with each other. Though  FIG. 42C  illustrates that the first resin  11  is located on the inner peripheral side whereas the second resin  12  is located on the outer peripheral side, it is understood that the positional relationship of the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  may be reversed. 
     Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG. 43A , the first resin  11   a  concerning a part of the layers may be a resin member different from the first resin  11   b  concerning the other layers in the configuration illustrated in  FIG. 42A . In addition, as illustrated in  FIG. 43B , both the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  may have multi-layered structures and be separated from each other. Though  FIG. 43B  illustrates that both the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  may have multi-layered structures, it is understood that only one of them may have a multi-layered structure. Though  FIG. 43B  illustrates that the first resin  11  is located on the inner peripheral side whereas the second resin  12  is located on the outer peripheral side, it is understood that the positional relationship of the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  may be reversed. 
     As can be seen from the above, according to Embodiment 6, even with the configuration where the display device  14  has the bezel  144 , an effect similar to those in Embodiments 1 to 5 may be produced. 
     Embodiment 7 
     According to the present embodiment, a form of suppressing the occurrence of dew condensation in an air space  15  will be described.  FIGS. 44A and 44B  illustrate views for explaining how the dew condensation is suppressed.  FIG. 44A  illustrates a configuration where the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are provided between the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141 , and the first resin  11  located on the outer peripheral side and the second resin  12  located on the inner peripheral side are in contact with each other, similar to the configuration illustrated in  FIG. 16A . In  FIG. 44A , the first resin  11  or the second resin  12  is provided on the peripheral border of the display surface of the display panel  141  along the entire perimeter. That is, the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  have an arrangement of any one of those illustrated in  FIG. 7B  and  FIGS. 30A to 30C , excluding that in  FIG. 30D  from the arrangements illustrated in  FIG. 7B  and  FIGS. 30A to 30D . As the first resin  11  or the second resin  12  is provided along the entire perimeter of the peripheral border of the display panel  141 , the first resin  11  or the second resin  12  fills a gap between the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141  along the entire perimeter. The air space  15  is therefore tightly sealed. In the configuration illustrated in  FIG. 44A , the first resin  11  may preferably be made of material having barrier properties to moisture so as to shield against the moisture intruding from the outside of the display apparatus  1  into the air space  15 . Such material includes, for example, epoxy-based resin. 
       FIG. 44B  illustrates a configuration where the display device  14  has a bezel  144 , and where the first resin  11  and the second resin  12  are provided at the front part  1441  of the bezel  144  so as to be located at the outer peripheral side and the inner peripheral side, respectively. Also in the configuration example illustrated in  FIG. 44B , the first resin  11  or the second resin  12  is provided along the entire perimeter on the front part  1441  of the bezel  144 , as in the case of  FIG. 44A . 
     The air gap bonding structure in  FIG. 44B  is substantially similar to the air gap bonding structure illustrated in  FIG. 39A . The air gap bonding structure in  FIG. 44B  however has the third resin  16 , unlike the case in  FIG. 39A . The third resin  16  is resin material for filling the gap generated between the display surface of the display panel  141  and the front part  1441  of the bezel  144  and for tightly sealing the air space  15 . For example, the third resin  16  is so provided as to shield the boundary between the gap and the air space  15  along the entire perimeter from the inner edge of the front part  1441  on the opening side to the display surface of the display panel  141 . More specifically, the third resin  16  is provided along the entire perimeter of the inner edge of the rectangular-frame-shaped front part  1441  on the opening side. The third resin  16  is so provided along the entire perimeter as to extend from the inner edge of the front part  1441  to the display surface of the display panel  141 . Thus, the third resin  16  shields the entire perimeter of the boundary between the air space  15  and the gap between the display panel  141  and the front part  1441 , to fill the gap. Moreover, as described above, the first resin  11  or the second resin  12  is provided along the entire perimeter on the front part  1441 , to fill the gap between the functional substrate  13  and the bezel  144 . Accordingly, the air space  15  may be tightly sealed by combining the air gap bonding structure illustrated in  FIG. 39A  with the third resin  16 . Though the composition of the third resin  16  is not specifically limited, the third resin  16  may preferably be moisture-curable resin for preventing dew condensation which will be described later. 
     Suppression of the occurrence of dew condensation will now be described. Generally, in the display apparatus  1  having the functional substrate  13 , the air space  15  between the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141  is tightly sealed. In the case where the display apparatus  1  is switched from a high temperature state to a low temperature state, the moisture contained in the air space  15  is condensed due to temperature drop, generating dew condensation. This causes a problem such as lowered visibility of the display panel  141 . According to the present embodiment, therefore, moisture-curable resin is employed as the second resin  12 , to prevent dew condensation from occurring, as described below. 
     More specifically, the first resin  11  or the second resin  12  is provided on the peripheral borders of the functional substrate  13  and the display device  14  along the entire perimeter, to tightly seal the air space  15 . As the second resin  12  is moisture-curable resin, if the second resin  12  is applied to bond the display device  14  to the functional substrate  13  and is left to be cured, the second resin  12  absorbs the moisture contained in the air space  15  and is cured. Accordingly, the amount of moisture contained in the air space  15  is reduced after curing of the second resin  12  compared to before curing. This suppresses the occurrence of dew condensation in the air space  15 . 
     Furthermore, in the case of a tightly-sealed structure provided with the third resin  16 , the third resin  16  may be moisture-curable resin. Accordingly, as illustrated in  FIG. 44B , the third resin  16  absorbs the moisture contained in the air space  15 , further suppressing the occurrence of dew condensation. 
     Though  FIGS. 44A and 44B  illustrate the configuration where the first resin  11  is located at the outer side on the peripheral borders of the display device  14  and the functional substrate  13  whereas the second resin  12  is located at the inner side thereof, the present embodiment is not limited thereto. That is, the first resin  11  may be located at the inner side on the peripheral border and the second resin  12  may be located at the outer side on the peripheral border. Here, it is preferable for the second resin  12  to have permeability to moisture so as to absorb the moisture in the air space  15  through the first resin  11 . Such material includes, for example, silicon-based resin. This configuration produces an effect similar to the examples above. 
     According to Embodiment 7, therefore, the second resin  12  may be moisture-curable resin, so that the occurrence of dew condensation in the air space  15  between the display device  14  and the functional substrate  13  may be suppressed. 
     Embodiment 8 
     According to the present embodiment, a form where the pneumatic pressure of the air space  15  is higher than the atmospheric pressure will be described. 
       FIGS. 45A and 45B  illustrate an example of an air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 8.  FIG. 45A  is a partial section view illustrating an example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 8.  FIG. 45B  is a partial section view illustrating another example of the air gap bonding structure according to Embodiment 8. The configuration of the display apparatus  1  illustrated in  FIGS. 45A and 45B  is similar to the configuration of the display apparatus  1  illustrated in  FIGS. 44A and 44B . The air space  15  between the display device  14  and the functional substrate  13  is therefore tightly sealed. The air space  15  has, however, pressure higher than atmospheric pressure according to the present embodiment. 
     More specifically, in the case where the display device  14  and the functional substrate  13  are bonded together (see  FIG. 8C ), a bonding work is carried out under the pressurized environment higher than atmospheric pressure. Accordingly, the air with pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure is enclosed in the air space  15 . Since the air space  15  is tightly sealed, the air in the air space  15  expands and generates pressure toward the outside the display apparatus  1 . Thus, the functional substrate  13  will have a state of being pressurized from the back side to the front side after bonding. In the case where the functional substrate  13  is pressed from the front side in such a state, the pressure from the air space  15  works in the opposite direction to the pressing force. That is, a damper effect is produced. Thus, the functional substrate  13  would not easily be deformed even when pressed, thereby not easily making contact with the display surface of the display panel  141 . That is, the occurrence of display unevenness may further be suppressed. 
       FIG. 46  illustrates a comparative example in which the pressing force causing display unevenness is compared between the display apparatus  1  with the pressure in the air space  15  higher than the atmospheric pressure and the display apparatus  1  with the pressure in the air space  15  equal to the atmospheric pressure. More specifically, in  FIG. 46 , the case where the air space  15  is in a sealed state and the air space  15  has pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure is compared with the case where the air space  15  is in a non-sealed state and the air space  15  has pressure equal to the atmospheric pressure. It is noted that  FIG. 46  illustrates a comparative example where comparison is made for the liquid crystal displays (display devices  14 ) of different sizes. As illustrated in  FIG. 46 , the display apparatus  1  with the pressure in the air space  15  higher than the atmospheric pressure has a larger pressing force causing display unevenness compared to the display apparatus  1  with the pressure in the air space  15  equal to the atmospheric pressure. That is, the display apparatus  1  with the pressure of the air space  15  higher than the atmospheric pressure may prevent the functional substrate  13  from warping due to the damper effect. 
     According to Embodiment 8, therefore, the pressure in the air space  15  is higher than the atmospheric pressure so that the functional substrate  13  will not easily warp, further suppressing the occurrence of display unevenness. Since the functional substrate  13  does not easily warp, it is possible to narrow the distance between the functional substrate  13  and the display panel  141 . This contributes to reduction in the thickness of the display apparatus  1 . 
     It is to be noted that, as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. 
     It is to be noted that the disclosed embodiment is illustrative and not restrictive in all aspects. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than by the description preceding them, and all changes that fall within metes and bounds of the claims, or equivalence of such metes and bounds thereof are therefore intended to be embraced by the claims.