Patent Publication Number: US-2022226689-A1

Title: Joint separator for body alignment

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/564,459, filed Sep. 9, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/011,533, filed Jun. 18, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,406,397, the entirety of each of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. Any and all applications for which a foreign or domestic priority claim is identified in the Application Data Sheet as filed with the present application, are hereby incorporated by reference herein under 37 CFR 1.57. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Field 
     The present invention relates to an exercising device directed at alignment of the body and spinal vertebrae. More specifically, the present invention relates to the apparatus and methods for decompressing the spinal vertebrae using the pulling forces of the lower body, leg muscles, abdominal muscles, back, and neck to urge and correct aberrant spinal vertebrae postures. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     The spinal column is a bony column forming the main structural support of the skeleton of a human being and it consists of bony vertebrae linked by flexible joints and held together by ligaments and flexible gelatinous discs of cartilage. The spinal column of an adult human being consists of thirty-three vertebrae in which the last nine of these are fused to form the sacrum and the coccyx at the back of the pelvis. The 24 movable vertebrae are the 7 cervical (neck), 12 dorsal, and 5 lumbar. The vertebrae form a column for the skeleton and the arches are positioned so the space enclosed is an effective tube or canal. This houses and protects the spinal cord and within it the spinal fluid circulates. Without the seepage of fluids into the spinal column, the discs will further dehydrate, which may result in further loss of mobility, crippling, and even nerve damage. Thus, nutrient transport of fluids surround the spinal column is important in maintaining spinal health. It is known that the spine has a number of curvatures along the sagittal plane, namely, the cervical and lumbar curvatures in which the spine is convex toward the front of the body and the dorsal and sacral curvatures in which the spine is convex toward the back of the body. These alternating curves provide strength and balance to the body and are essential to allowing a person to walk upright. The lumbar and cervical curves of the spine normally define forward curves of about 35 to about 45 degrees whereby weight is distributed relatively evenly on individual vertebral surfaces and discs. 
     In individuals with lost or reversed cervical and lumbar spinal curves due to injury, illness, genetic predisposition, habitual microtrauma or simply poor posture, the weight of the body bears forwardly on the soft, non-bony intervertebral discs, inhibiting fluid transfer and causing the discs to wear, dehydrate and degenerate. Over time, these individuals exhibit a significant loss of natural joint movement. Lack of natural movement in the spine over time causes a reduction in the imbibition of nutrient rich fluids that normally lubricate and maintain flexibility of the spine. Without this seepage of fluids into the spinal column, the discs will further dehydrate, which may result in further loss of mobility, crippling and possible nerve damage. It is further noted that the intervertebral discs&#39; indigenous vascular fluid supply disappears at approximately 20 years of age. Thus, active nutrient transport of fluids surrounding the spinal column is particularly important to maintaining spinal health of adults. 
     Axial/Linear/Longitudinal traction has long been employed to decompress cervical joints of the spine. Typically the head is pulled, pried, lifted or otherwise separated from the thorax along the Y axis (+Y axis translation or elevation translation). Ostensibly, to pry the joints apart at the posterior, forward flexion (+X axis rotation) is often employed in conjunction with or as an unavoidable component of linear traction. Linear traction or elevation translation applied to a curved column decreases or removes the curve. Likewise, adding the component of flexion or + rotation about the X axis, would apply a buckling force to the cervical spine and have the effect of reversing the curve (−Z axis translation). These forces, powerful enough to separate the spinal joints, are unfortunately antithetical to the natural geometry and biomechanics of the human cervical spine. The anchor points commonly used in Axial/Linear/Longitudinal traction are the head as it is pulled away from the thorax and/or the trapezius muscles as the thorax is pushed away from the restrained head. U.S. Pat. No. 4,805,603 to Cumberland describes a method where the head and thorax are separated by two platforms with an expanding air chamber between the two platforms. These methods, due to their linear function reduce, remove or reverse the proper cervical curve. U.S. Pat. No. 6,506,174 to Saunders also describes a linear traction system. 
     Some alternatives to axial/linear/longitudinal traction for disc, joint and nerve decompression seek to maintain a normal lordotic curve. For example, as described herein, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,382,226, 5,569,176, 5,713,841, 5,906,586, 7,060,085, 8,029,453, and D508,566S to Graham, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, disclose some embodiments of systems for decompression. In two IRB approved studies utilizing multiple MRI&#39;s, an embodiment of the disclosed systems showed a consistent ability to draw bulging disc material back toward the disc proper and away from the subarachnoid space and spinal cord while simultaneously enhancing or restoring the cervical lordotic curve during and after one 20 minute treatment. Patients reported immediate symptomatic relief of cervical pain. However, there exists a need for improved decompression systems that also address hyper-kyphosis of the upper thoracic spine, mid thoracic spine and compression of the occipital-cervical junction. 
     In addition to spinal traction devices which are well known for stretching the spine longitudinally in order to restore lost mobility, devices have been developed for either passively or actively restoring the normal curves of the spine to prevent the disabling effects of lost or impaired curvature mentioned hereinabove. An example for at home use device includes a Method and Portable Apparatus for Spinal Adjustment disclosed in U.S. Pat. Pub. No. US2003/0130696 to Hurd. In this device, a user employs the effects of gravity combined with simple leverage over a convex rigid surface to adjust the user&#39;s spine. Another example of a passive device includes, for example, the Spinal Column Correction Device disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,279,310 to Hsein. In this device, a user is strapped to a series of raised supports that define what the normal curvatures of the spine should be. According to the inventor, the weight of the user&#39;s body will bear against the raised supports to correct abnormal curvature in the spine. 
     An example of a useful device that actively exercises the abdominal muscle and spine is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,060,085 to Graham entitled Rocking Vectored Pneumatic Joint Separator Inflatable Cervical Traction and Exercising Device, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. An abdominal muscle and spine-exercising device in accordance with the invention generally includes a frame having a top surface and a bottom surface. A first arched projection is disposed in the top surface along with a first inflatable bladder disposed on the first arched projection for directly bearing against lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae of a user&#39;s spine in a first direction. A second inflatable bladder is disposed on the first arched projection for directly bearing against the mid-lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of the spine in a second direction. The first and second directions are divergent along a sagittal plane of the user in order to enhance an elliptical curve in the thoraco-lumbar/lumbo-sacral spine. A second arched projection is disposed on the bottom surface for enabling the frame and bladders to be rocked by the user in a direction transverse to a longitudinal axis of the frame. This rocking action provides exercise for the abdominal, low-back and pelvic muscles while the spine is inflated into an elliptical shape. 
     Another useful device that actively exercises the normal lordotic, i.e. forward, curves of a spine is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,382,226 to Graham entitled Inflatable Cervical Traction and Exercising Device, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. In the Graham patent, a device is disclosed which utilizes an inflatable bladder for actively forcing the cervical spine into a forward semi-circular curve. This exercising of the spine promotes fluid imbibition through the spinal vertebrae and intervertebral discs. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,906,586 to Graham, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, provides for a device and method for maintaining spinal health which utilizes a dual action air chamber defining multiple vectors of force to be applied to a spine, particularly to the lumbar spinal region. The device gradually lifts and separates the vertebrae in a manner that surpasses the effectiveness and comfort of conventional traction devices and passive spinal correction devices using a frame for aligning the upper spine. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 8,029,453 to Graham, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, provides a leg carrier slidably disposed in a conventional manner on a table for providing pelvis translation. In order to prevent or control twisting of the lower body, knee fenders may be fixed to the leg carrier. A lumbar sacral unit disposed on the support table between the cervical device and carrier is provided for enhancing an elliptical arch in the users&#39; lower spine. The lumbar sacral unit is also described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,713,841, 5,569,176, and D508,566 to Graham, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,734,372, 8,764,693, and 9,095,419 to Graham, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, describe decompression systems for addressing hyper-kyphosis of the upper thoracic spine. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/857,246 to Graham, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, describes decompression systems for addressing hyper-kyphosis of the upper thoracic spine, mid thoracic spine and compression of the occipital-cervical junction. 
     The present invention provides for a combination leg muscle, abdominal muscle and spine-exercising device utilizing the vectoring of the earlier Graham work and further providing for apparatus capable of exercising, decompressing, and aligning the lower body and leg muscles while the spinal vertebrae are pneumatically molded into the accepted elliptical configuration of the thoraco-lumbar/lumbo-sacral spine to the legs. The present invention further provides for systems for decompression that address hyper-kyphosis of the upper thoracic spine, mid thoracic spine, and compression of the occipital-cervical junction. 
     SUMMARY 
     Described herein are some embodiments of a leg muscle, abdominal muscle, and spinal exercise device for redefining curvature to the lumbar/sacral spine and for manipulating the spine and intervertebral discs with decompression force from the lower body. This device generally comprises a means for manipulating and redefining the curvature of the spine and a frame. 
     Specifically, the means for manipulating and redefining the curvature of the spine includes a top surface along with a first inflatable bladder disposed for directly bearing against lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae of a user&#39;s spine in a first direction. A second inflatable bladder is disposed for directly bearing against the mid-lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of the spine in a second direction to enhance the lower body strength and curve in spine. The adjacent inflated bladders, or alternately inflated bladders, provide diverging forces against the user&#39;s spine and thereby cause stretching and longitudinal aligning of the spinal vertebrae while promoting fluid imbibition throughout the vertebrae and discs. Thus, initially, the inflated first bladder may lift the thoracic-lumbar spinal vertebrae while the inflated second bladder may lift the lumbar-sacral spinal vertebrae thereby manipulating and redefining the semi-elliptical curvature in the spine. 
     More specifically, a body strap attachment for encompassing the user&#39;s body and securing the frame connects to an elongate stirrup strap member having a proximal end and a distal end. Preferably, the body attachment connects two ends of a strap, for example by means of a buckle, for adjustably securing the frame against the user&#39;s lumbar region. 
     The elongate stirrup strap member having a proximal end attached to the body strap attachment thereby connecting to the user&#39;s spine and frame, and a distal end attached to a stirrup for encompassing the user&#39;s feet/legs to enable decompression force from the lower body to the spine. Alternatively, the elongate stirrup strap member may include an attachable pressure gauge for measuring the decompression force exerted by the feet/legs on the lower body. A handheld monitor communicates with the pressure gauge for the user to monitor applied decompression or exercise force. 
     Even more specifically a stirrup attachment engagable by the user&#39;s feet/legs is provided for enabling pulling force from the legs and lower body to the spine. This stirrup attachment further enables the user to exercise the leg muscles while decompressing the thoraco-lumbar/lumbo-sacral spinal vertebrae which are pneumatically molded by the inflated bladders into the accepted elliptical configuration. Thus the spinal vertebrae are urged and molded into the natural elliptical alignment, the joints are lubricated and aligned, and the lower body muscles including the legs, abdominal, lower-back, and pelvic muscles are stretched and exercised. 
     Alternatively, the exercise device adapted for the user to exercise and strengthen the lower body muscles the proximal end is attached to the body strap attachment without the frame spine for enabling decompression pulling force aligned from the legs and lower body to the spine. 
     The device described hereinabove is suitable for performing a method for decompressing the spine and for exercising the lower body muscles, leg muscles, abdominal muscles, comprising the steps of: 
     (a) providing a frame attachable against the user&#39;s spine with first and second bladders disposed on a top of said frame and a rocker projection disposed on a bottom of said frame; 
     (b) inflating a bladder bearing against the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae and inflating another bladder bearing against the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae in order to create traction and spinal arc in the lower spinal region and to stretch lower body muscle groups, leg muscles; 
     (c) inflating and exhausting alternatively the bladder bearing against the lower thoracic and upper lumbar with the bladder bearing against the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae; 
     (d) encompassing the user&#39;s waist/lumbar region and securing the frame with a body strap attachment; 
     (e) connecting the body strap attachment to an elongate stirrup strap attached to tension gauge for monitoring decompression force and attached to a stirrup for encompassing the user&#39;s feet/legs; 
     (f) engaging slidably the user&#39;s feet/legs into the stirrup for enabling stress aligned from the legs and lower body to the spine; 
     (g) creating aligned decompression forces between the leg muscles and lower abdominal muscles by pulling the stirruped legs/feet in a direction away from the spine away from the spine to decompress, urge, and align the spinal vertebrae; 
     (h) monitoring the tension gauge with a handheld monitor and controlling the decompression forces between the leg muscles and lower abdominal muscles and repeating the exercising force to strengthen the lower body, spine, and legs. 
     Alternatively, the device described hereinabove is suitable for performing a method, in accordance with the present invention, for exercising the lower body, legs, and spine to enable and promote lower body and spinal alignment, comprising the steps of: 
     (a) encompassing the user&#39;s thoracic-sacral spinal vertebrae region and securing the frame with a body strap attachment 
     (b) connecting the body strap attachment to an elongate stirrup strap attached to tension gauge for monitoring decompression force and attached to a stirrup for encompassing the user&#39;s feet/legs; 
     (c) engaging slidably the user&#39;s feet/legs into the stirrup for enabling stress aligned from the legs and lower body to the spine; 
     (d) creating aligned decompression forces between the leg muscles and lower abdominal muscles by pulling the stirruped legs/feet in a direction away from the spine away from the spine to decompress, urge, and align the spinal vertebrae; 
     (e) monitoring the tension gauge with a handheld monitor and controlling the decompression forces between the feet/leg muscles and lower abdominal muscles and repeating the exercising force to strengthen the lower body, spine, and legs. 
     Described herein are some embodiments of decompression and traction systems that maintain, enhance and restore a normal lordotic curve, counter hyper-kyphosis of the upper and mid thoracic spine and decompress the occipital-cervical junction. Methods of assembling and using the decompression and traction systems described herein are also included. These decompression and traction systems and related methods are described in greater detail below. 
     One aspect of the present invention is the recognition that traditionally available traction systems do not provide devices, systems and methods that simultaneously address cervical lordotic curve loss/reversal (hypolordosis/kyphosis), and the often accompanying posterior (−Z) translation (hyper-kyphosis) of the upper thoracic spine. Embodiments and methods described herein preferably provide pneumatic radial decompression and traction equipment for treatment of the cervical and thoracic spine including a free-standing frame, first and second expandable bladders, the first expandable bladder providing positive pressure to support a cervical spinal portion in a normal lordotic curve configuration, and the second expandable bladder providing positive pressure to support a thoracic spinal portion in a normal curve configuration to counter hyper-kyphosis of the upper thoracic spine. 
     According to certain embodiments of the invention, devices, systems and methods are described that simultaneously address cervical lordotic curve loss/reversal (hypolordosis/kyphosis), and the often accompanying posterior (−Z) translation (hyper-kyphosis) of the upper thoracic spine. 
     In relation to the head and neck, −Z translation of the upper thoracic spine is an integral part of anterior or “Forward Head Carriage.” As the head shifts forward and/or the upper thoracic spine moves posterior, the weight of the head and neck, approximately 15 pounds, creates a forward buckling force (−Y and +Z combination) on the thoracic spine. This continuous forward and downward force begets more forward head carriage and more compressive action to the cervical and thoracic intervertebral discs and bodies. Many are familiar with the term “Dowagers Hump” where hyper kyphosis of the thoracic spine is so pronounced as to be obvious with the naked eye. While approximately 30% of these postural defects (especially in women) are said to be caused by anterior thoracic vertebral body fractures due to osteoporosis, most hyper-kyphotic postures are developed over time by continuous anterior and downward force on the cervical and thoracic intervertebral discs and vertebral bodies. 
     As people spend long hours crouched in front of computer screens, wear heavy back packs, are involved whiplash type auto and sports injuries, forward head posture with associated cervical curve loss, and hyper thoracic kyphosis has become more prevalent. Neck and back pain, muscle tension and spasm, headaches, neuropathies and degenerative vertebral joint disease result from continuous cervical-thoracic disc and joint compression. While there have been elastic bands and braces applied to the spine to pull or hold it upright in an attempt to ameliorate worsening posture, results are mixed. 
     In some embodiments, the devices, systems and methods described herein apply pneumatic forces directly to the offending spinal apexes in opposing directions. With the simultaneous application of two separate air cells or pneumatic air chambers the cervical spine is locked and powerfully decompressed into its proper lordotic or curved configuration (&lt;∧&gt;) with −Y+Z+Y force vectors while the hyper kyphotic area of the upper thoracic spine is simultaneously decompressed with a combination +Z/−Y force mid-vector. The cervical spine&#39;s lordotic curve is powerfully decompressed and enhanced while the thoracic hyper-kyphosis is simultaneously reduced. In some embodiments, a two pump system can be employed to alternate or unevenly inflate the pneumatic air chambers. In some embodiments, a complex multi vectored pneumatic air chamber can be used in place of two individual cells. In some embodiments, the devices, systems and methods described herein use the entire cervical spine including the occiput (base of skull) as a first anchor point and the upper thoracic spine as a second point. The pneumatic air chambers can directly contact the cervical spine/occiput and the upper 25% of the thoracic spine. 
     According to one embodiment, a traction device comprises a frame, a first bladder portion, a second bladder portion, a strap, and a pump. The first bladder expands in an outward direction a distance greater than in a transverse direction. The second bladder expands in an angular direction. The second bladder is positioned generally below and to the side of the first bladder. The frame is secured to the user&#39;s head. Upon expanding in the outward direction, the first bladder bears against the back of the user&#39;s neck and forces the cervical spine to curve forwardly. Upon expanding in the transverse direction, the first bladder applies an angular traction to the cervical spine. Upon expanding in the angular direction, the second bladder bears angularly against the back of the user&#39;s upper thoracic region and forces the thoracic spine to decompress and reduces hyper-kyphosis of the upper thoracic spine. 
     In certain embodiments, a traction device for imparting a forward curve to the cervical spine and reducing hyper-kyphosis of the upper thoracic spine is provided. The device comprises a frame adapted to be supported on a rigid support surface. The frame is configured to be disposed about a user&#39;s head and neck and defines contact surfaces for abutting the rigid support surface. The frame has a neck support extending between first and second side portions of the frame. A first inflatable elongated bladder is coupled to the neck support and configured to be positioned below a neck of a user during use. The first inflatable elongated bladder is expandable in a first direction outwardly from the neck support toward the neck of a user and expandable in a second direction substantially normal to the first direction upon inflation. A second inflatable elongated bladder is coupled to the neck support and configured to be positioned below the upper thoracic region of a user during use. The second inflatable elongated bladder is expandable in a third direction angularly from the neck support toward the upper thoracic spine of a user upon inflation. A securing strap is coupled to the frame and configured to secure the frame to the user&#39;s head such that the first inflatable elongated bladder is disposed adjacent the back of the user&#39;s neck and transverses the cervical spine such that the first direction of expansion is toward and substantially normal to the cervical spine. The second inflatable elongated bladder is disposed adjacent the back of the user&#39;s upper thoracic region and transverses the upper thoracic spine such that the third direction of expansion is toward and substantially normal to the upper thoracic spine. A pump system is provided for selectively inflating and deflating the first and second inflatable elongated bladders. Upon the first inflatable bladder expanding in the first direction, the first inflatable bladder bears outwardly against the back of the user&#39;s neck and forces the cervical spine to curve forwardly. Upon expanding in the second direction, the first inflatable bladder applies an angular traction to the cervical spine. Upon the second inflatable bladder expanding in the third direction, the second inflatable bladder bears angularly against the back of the user&#39;s upper thoracic region and forces the thoracic spine to decompress and reduces hyper-kyphosis of the upper thoracic spine. 
     In some embodiments, the traction device comprises a valve positioned in communication with the pump system and the first and second inflatable elongated bladders. The valve comprises varying lumen diameters that direct flow between the pump system and the first and second inflatable elongated bladders. The first inflatable elongated bladder is pivotably coupled to the neck support. A spacer is configured to be coupled between a portion of the frame and the second inflatable elongated bladder to adjust the angulation of the second inflatable elongated bladder during inflation. 
     In other embodiments, a traction device is provided for imparting a forward curve to the cervical spine and reducing hyper-kyphosis of the upper thoracic spine. The device comprises a frame having a transverse neck support projecting upwardly from first and second side portions defining a base of the frame. A first inflatable bladder portion is coupled to the neck support. The first inflatable bladder portion is configured to expand in an outward direction from the neck support a distance greater than the expansion of the first inflatable bladder portion in a transverse direction normal thereto. A second inflatable bladder portion is coupled to the neck support. The second inflatable bladder portion is configured to expand in an angular direction from the neck support. The second inflatable bladder portion is positioned generally below and to the side relative to the first inflatable bladder portion. A strap is coupled to the frame and configured to secure the frame to the user&#39;s head such that the first inflatable bladder portion is disposed adjacent the back of the user&#39;s neck and transverses the cervical spine such that the outward direction of expansion is toward and substantially normal to the cervical spine. The second inflatable bladder portion is disposed adjacent the back of the user&#39;s upper thoracic region and transverses the upper thoracic spine such that the angular direction of expansion is toward and substantially normal to the upper thoracic spine. A pump system is provided for inflating the first and second inflatable bladder portions. Upon the first inflatable bladder portion expanding in the outward direction, the first inflatable bladder portion bears outwardly against the back of the user&#39;s neck and forces the cervical spine to curve forwardly. Upon expanding in the transverse direction, the first inflatable bladder portion applies an angular traction to the cervical spine. Upon the second inflatable bladder portion expanding in the angular direction, the second inflatable bladder portion bears angularly against the back of the user&#39;s upper thoracic region and forces the thoracic spine to decompress and reduces hyper-kyphosis of the upper thoracic spine. 
     In some embodiments, a method is provided for imparting a forward curve to the cervical spine and reducing hyper-kyphosis of the upper thoracic spine. The method comprises securing a traction device to a user&#39;s head. The traction device comprises a support frame having a transverse neck support projecting upwardly from a base of the support frame and first and second inflatable bladder portions coupled to the neck support. The traction device is secured to the user&#39;s head includes positioning the traction device such that the first inflatable bladder portion transverses the cervical spine, and such that the second inflatable bladder portion transverses the upper thoracic spine. The first inflatable bladder portion is expanded in a direction outward from the neck support and toward and substantially normal to the cervical spine to force the cervical spine to curve forwardly. The first inflatable bladder portion is expanded in a transverse direction to apply an angular traction to the cervical spine. The second inflatable bladder portion is expanded in a direction toward and substantially normal to the upper thoracic spine to force the upper thoracic spine to decompress and reduce hyper-kyphosis of the upper thoracic spine. 
     In certain embodiments, methods may comprise alternately inflating and deflating the first and second bladder portions. Inflation and deflation of the first and second bladder portions can be repeated. The first inflatable bladder portion can have a semi-ellipsoidal configuration upon inflation. The second inflatable bladder portion can have a semi-ellipsoidal configuration upon inflation. During inflation or deflation, flow can be directed between the pump system and the bladder portion through a valve that comprises different lumen diameters to provide particular flow to or from the first and second inflatable bladder portions. Methods can include pivoting the first inflatable bladder relative to the neck support and/or positioning a spacer between a portion of the frame and the second inflatable bladder portion to adjust the angulation of the second inflatable bladder portion during inflation. 
     In some embodiments, a traction device is provided for imparting a forward curve to the cervical spine and reducing hyper-kyphosis of the upper thoracic spine. The device comprises a frame adapted to be supported on a rigid support surface. The frame is configured to be disposed about a user&#39;s head and neck and defines contact surfaces for abutting the rigid support surface. The frame has a neck support extending between first and second side portions of the frame. A first inflatable elongated bladder is coupled to the neck support and configured to be positioned below a neck of a user during use. The first inflatable elongated bladder is expandable in a first direction outwardly from the neck support toward the neck of a user and expandable in a second direction substantially normal to the first direction upon inflation. A second inflatable elongated bladder is coupled to the neck support and configured to be positioned below the upper thoracic region of a user during use. The second inflatable elongated bladder is expandable in a third direction angularly from the neck support toward the upper thoracic spine of a user upon inflation. A spacer is configured to be coupled between a portion of the frame and the second inflatable elongated bladder to adjust the angulation of the second inflatable elongated bladder during inflation. A pump system is provided for selectively inflating and deflating the first and second inflatable elongated bladders. Upon the first inflatable bladder expanding in the first direction, the first inflatable bladder bears outwardly against the back of the user&#39;s neck, and upon expanding in the second direction, the first inflatable bladder applies an angular traction to the cervical spine. Upon the second inflatable bladder expanding in the third direction, the second inflatable bladder bears angularly against the back of the user&#39;s upper thoracic region. 
     In certain embodiments, a traction device for imparting a forward curve to the cervical spine and reducing hyper-kyphosis of the upper thoracic spine comprises a frame having a transverse neck support projecting upwardly from first and second side portions defining a base of the frame. A first inflatable bladder portion is coupled to the neck support, the first inflatable bladder portion is configured to expand in an outward direction from the neck support a distance greater than the expansion of the first inflatable bladder portion in a transverse direction normal thereto. A second inflatable bladder portion is coupled to the neck support. The second inflatable bladder portion is configured to expand in an angular direction from the neck support. The second inflatable bladder portion is positioned generally below and to the side relative to the first inflatable bladder portion. A spacer is configured to be coupled between a portion of the frame and the second inflatable bladder portion to adjust the angulation of the second inflatable bladder portion during inflation. A pump system is provided for inflating the first and second inflatable bladder portions. Upon the first inflatable bladder portion expanding in the outward direction, the first inflatable bladder portion bears outwardly against the back of the user&#39;s neck. Upon expanding in the transverse direction, the first inflatable bladder portion applies an angular traction to the cervical spine. Upon the second inflatable bladder portion expanding in the angular direction, the second inflatable bladder portion bears angularly against the back of the user&#39;s upper thoracic region. 
     According to some implementations, additional features include a wedge-shaped spacer, a rotatable spacer, and/or a spacer in a horizontal position that is configured to adjust the angulation of the second inflatable bladder portion during inflation to provide lateral flexion traction. Other spacer systems are contemplated and can also be used. For example, any component or device that can be selectively adjusted and can contact at least a portion of the second inflatable bladder portion can be used to impart lateral flexion traction. Additionally, in some cases a component or device need not be adjustable, for example, a spacer or other component could be provided on a traction device to cause the second inflatable bladder portion to consistently provide for lateral flexion traction on one side, while other systems can provide for lateral flexion traction on the other side. Additionally, while adjustments made with the spacer may be rotational, other movements or adjustments can be made with other mechanisms and arrangements, such as by sliding, for example. 
     According to another implementation, a method of imparting a forward curve to the cervical spine and reducing hyper-kyphosis of the upper thoracic spine is provided. A traction device is secured to a user&#39;s head. The traction device comprises a support frame having a transverse neck support projecting upwardly from a base of the support frame and first and second inflatable bladder portions coupled to the neck support and a spacer coupled between a portion of the frame and the second inflatable bladder portion to adjust the angulation of the second inflatable bladder portion during inflation to provide lateral flexion traction. Securing the traction device to the user&#39;s head includes positioning the traction device such that the first inflatable bladder portion transverses the cervical spine, and such that the second inflatable bladder portion transverses the upper thoracic spine. The first inflatable bladder portion is expanded in a direction outward from the neck support and toward and substantially normal to the cervical spine to force the cervical spine to curve forwardly. The first inflatable bladder portion is expanded in a transverse direction to apply an angular traction to the cervical spine. The second inflatable bladder portion is expanded in a direction toward the upper thoracic spine to provide lateral flexion traction. In some embodiments, the spacer is rotated to adjust the angulation of the second inflatable bladder portion. 
     According to certain embodiments of the invention, devices, systems and methods are described that address compression of the occipital-cervical junction. In some embodiments, the devices, systems, and methods described herein apply pneumatic forces directly to the occiput. 
     In certain embodiments of the invention, devices, systems and methods are described that simultaneously address cervical lordotic curve loss/reversal (hypolordosis/kyphosis), the often accompanying posterior (−Z) translation (hyper-kyphosis) of the upper thoracic spine, and compression of the occipital-cervical junction. With the application of an air cell or pneumatic air chamber, the occipital-cervical junction is decompressed by the application of +Z/+Y force vectors. 
     In some embodiments, the devices, systems, and methods described herein apply pneumatic forces directly to the offending spinal apexes in opposing directions and to the occiput. With the simultaneous application of three separate air cells or pneumatic air chambers the cervical spine is locked and powerfully decompressed into its proper lordotic or curved configuration (&lt;∧&gt;) with −Y+Z+Y force vectors while the hyper kyphotic area of the upper thoracic spine is simultaneously decompressed with a combination +Z/−Y force mid-vector and +Z/+Y force vectors are applied to the occiput to decompress the occipital-cervical junction. The cervical spine&#39;s lordotic curve is powerfully decompressed and enhanced while the thoracic hyper-kyphosis is simultaneously reduced and the occipital-cervical junction is decompressed. In some embodiments, a two pump system can be employed to alternate or unevenly inflate the pneumatic air chambers. In some embodiments, a three pump system can be employed to alternate or unevenly inflate the pneumatic air chambers. In some embodiments, a complex multi vectored pneumatic air chamber can be used in place of three individual cells. In some embodiments, the devices, systems and methods described herein use the entire cervical spine as a first anchor point, the upper thoracic spine as a second point, and the occiput as a third point. The pneumatic air chambers can directly contact the cervical spine/occiput and the upper 25%-40% of the thoracic spine. 
     In certain embodiments, a traction device is provided. The device comprises a frame having a base and a neck support coupled to the base to support the neck of a user during use, a first inflatable bladder portion coupled to the neck support, a second inflatable bladder portion coupled to the neck support, and a third inflatable bladder portion coupled to the neck support. The first inflatable bladder portion is configured to expand in an outward direction from the neck support toward the neck of a user and to expand in a transverse direction substantially normal to the outward direction upon inflation. The second inflatable bladder portion is configured to expand in a first angular direction from the neck support and is positioned generally inferior to the first inflatable bladder portion. The third inflatable bladder portion is configured to expand in a second angular direction from the neck support and is positioned generally superior to the first inflatable bladder portion. Upon the first inflatable bladder portion expanding in the outward direction, the first inflatable bladder portion bears outwardly against the back of the neck of the user as the first inflatable bladder is inflated and forces the cervical spine to curve forwardly, and upon expanding in the transverse direction, the first inflatable bladder portion applies an angular traction to the cervical spine as the first inflatable bladder is inflated. Upon the second inflatable bladder portion expanding in the first angular direction, the second inflatable bladder portion bears angularly against the back of the upper thoracic region of the user as the second inflatable bladder is inflated and forces the thoracic spine to decompress and reduces hyper-kyphosis of the upper thoracic spine. Upon the third inflatable bladder portion expanding in the second angular direction, the third inflatable bladder portion bears angularly against the occiput of the user as the third inflatable bladder is inflated and forces the occipital-cervical junction to decompress. 
     In certain embodiments, a spacer is configured to be coupled between a portion of the frame and the second inflatable bladder portion to adjust the angulation of the second inflatable bladder portion during inflation. In certain embodiments, a spacer is configured to be coupled between a portion of the frame and the third inflatable bladder portion to adjust the angulation of the third inflatable bladder portion during inflation. In certain embodiments, a pump system is provided for inflating the first, second, and third inflatable bladder portions. In certain embodiments, a valve is positioned in communication with the pump system and the first inflatable bladder portion, the second inflatable bladder portion, and the third inflatable bladder portion, wherein the valve comprises varying lumen diameters that direct flow between the pump system and the first inflatable bladder portion, the second inflatable bladder portion, and the third inflatable bladder portion. In certain embodiments, upon inflation, the third inflatable bladder portion can impart 15° to 20° of forward head flexion to the occiput of the user. 
     According to some implementations, additional features include a wedge-shaped spacer, a rotatable spacer, and/or a spacer in a horizontal position that is configured to adjust the angulation of the second inflatable bladder portion during inflation to provide lateral flexion traction. Other spacer systems are contemplated and can also be used. For example, any component or device that can be selectively adjusted and can contact at least a portion of the second inflatable bladder portion can be used to impart lateral flexion traction. Additionally, in some cases a component or device need not be adjustable, for example, a spacer or other component could be provided on a traction device to cause the second inflatable bladder portion to consistently provide for lateral flexion traction on one side, while other systems can provide for lateral flexion traction on the other side. Additionally, while adjustments made with the spacer may be rotational, other movements or adjustments can be made with other mechanisms and arrangements, such as by sliding, for example. 
     According to some implementations, additional features include a wedge-shaped spacer, a rotatable spacer, and/or a spacer in a horizontal position that is configured to adjust the angulation of the third inflatable bladder portion during inflation to provide lateral flexion traction. Other spacer systems are contemplated and can also be used. For example, any component or device that can be selectively adjusted and can contact at least a portion of the third inflatable bladder portion can be used to impart lateral flexion traction. Additionally, in some cases a component or device need not be adjustable, for example, a spacer or other component could be provided on a traction device to cause the second inflatable bladder portion to consistently provide for lateral flexion traction on one side, while other systems can provide for lateral flexion traction on the other side. Additionally, while adjustments made with the spacer may be rotational, other movements or adjustments can be made with other mechanisms and arrangements, such as by sliding, for example. 
     In some embodiments, the devices, systems, and methods described herein apply pneumatic forces directly to the cervical spine and the occiput. With the simultaneous application of two separate air cells or pneumatic air chambers the cervical spine is locked and powerfully decompressed into its proper lordotic or curved configuration (&lt;∧&gt;) with −Y+Z+Y force vectors the occipital-cervical junction is simultaneously decompressed with +Z/+Y force vectors. The cervical spine&#39;s lordotic curve is powerfully decompressed and enhanced while the occipital-cervical junction is decompressed. In some embodiments, a two pump system can be employed to alternate or unevenly inflate the pneumatic air chambers. In some embodiments, a complex multi vectored pneumatic air chamber can be used in place of two individual cells. In some embodiments, the devices, systems and methods described herein use the entire cervical spine as a first anchor point, and the occiput as a second point. 
     In certain embodiments, a traction device is provided. The traction device comprises a frame having a base and a neck support coupled to the base to support the neck of a user during use, a first inflatable bladder portion coupled to the neck support, and a second inflatable bladder portion coupled to the neck support. The first inflatable bladder portion is configured to expand in an outward direction from the neck support toward the neck of the user and in a transverse direction substantially normal to the outward direction upon inflation. The second inflatable bladder portion is configured to be positioned superior to the first inflatable bladder portion and is expandable in an angular direction from the neck support toward an occiput of the user upon inflation. Upon the first inflatable bladder portion expanding in the outward direction, the first inflatable bladder portion bears outwardly against the back of the neck of the user as the first inflatable bladder is inflated and forces the cervical spine to curve forwardly, and upon expanding in the transverse direction, the first inflatable bladder portion applies an angular traction to the cervical spine as the first inflatable bladder is inflated. Upon the second inflatable bladder portion expanding in the angular direction, the second inflatable bladder portion bears angularly against the occiput of the user as the second inflatable bladder is inflated and forces the occipital-cervical junction to decompress. 
     In certain embodiments, a spacer is configured to be coupled between a portion of the frame and the second inflatable bladder portion to adjust the angulation of the second inflatable bladder portion during inflation. In certain embodiments, a pump system is provided for selectively inflating and deflating one or more of the first and second inflatable bladder portions. In certain embodiments, a valve is positioned in communication with the pump system and the first and second inflatable bladder portions, wherein the valve comprises varying lumen diameters that direct flow between the pump system and the first and second inflatable bladder portions. 
     According to some implementations, additional features include a wedge-shaped spacer, a rotatable spacer, and/or a spacer in a horizontal position that is configured to adjust the angulation of the second inflatable bladder portion during inflation to provide lateral flexion traction. Other spacer systems are contemplated and can also be used. For example, any component or device that can be selectively adjusted and can contact at least a portion of the second inflatable bladder portion can be used to impart lateral flexion traction. Additionally, in some cases a component or device need not be adjustable, for example, a spacer or other component could be provided on a traction device to cause the second inflatable bladder portion to consistently provide for lateral flexion traction on one side, while other systems can provide for lateral flexion traction on the other side. Additionally, while adjustments made with the spacer may be rotational, other movements or adjustments can be made with other mechanisms and arrangements, such as by sliding, for example. 
     In certain embodiments, a method of imparting a forward curve to the cervical spine and reducing hyper-kyphosis of the upper thoracic spine is provided. The method comprises a step of securing a traction device to a head of a user. The traction device comprises a support frame having a transverse neck support projecting upwardly from a base of the support frame and first and second inflatable bladder portions coupled to the neck support. Securing the traction device to the head comprises positioning the traction device such that the first inflatable bladder portion transverses the cervical spine, and such that the second inflatable bladder portion transverses an occiput of the user. The method further comprises a step of expanding the first inflatable bladder portion in a direction outward from the neck support and toward and substantially normal to the cervical spine to force the cervical spine to curve forwardly. The method also comprises a step of expanding the first inflatable bladder portion in a transverse direction to apply an angular traction to the cervical spine. The method further comprises a step of expanding the second inflatable bladder portion in a direction toward the occiput to apply an angular traction to the occipital-cervical junction. 
     In some embodiments, the method further comprising a step of alternately inflating and deflating the first and second bladder portions. In some embodiments, the method further comprises a step of repeating inflation and deflation of the first and second bladder portions. In some embodiments, the second inflatable bladder portion has a semi-ellipsoidal configuration upon inflation. In some embodiments, the traction device comprises a third inflatable bladder portion coupled to the neck support. In some embodiments, securing the traction device to the head comprises positioning the traction device such that the third inflatable bladder portion transverses the upper thoracic spine. In some embodiments, the method further comprises a step of inflating the third bladder portion in a direction toward the upper thoracic spine to force the thoracic spine to decompress and reduce hyper-kyphosis of the upper thoracic spine. In some embodiments, the traction device comprises a valve positioned in communication with a pump system and the first inflatable bladder portion, the second inflatable bladder portion, and the third inflatable bladder portion. In some embodiments, the method further comprises a step of directing flow from the pump system through the valve to the first inflatable bladder portion, the second inflatable bladder portion, and the third inflatable bladder portion. 
     In some embodiments, the devices, systems, and methods described herein apply pneumatic forces directly to the thoracic spine and to the occiput. With the simultaneous application of two separate air cells or pneumatic air chambers, the hyper kyphotic area of the upper thoracic spine is simultaneously decompressed with a combination +Z/−Y force mid-vector and the occipital-cervical junction is decompressed with +Z/+Y force vectors. The thoracic hyper-kyphosis is simultaneously reduced and the occipital-cervical junction is decompressed. In some embodiments, the simultaneous application of two separate air cells or pneumatic air chambers, to the thoracic spine and the occiput can impart linear traction. In some embodiments, a two pump system can be employed to alternate or unevenly inflate the pneumatic air chambers. In some embodiments, a complex multi vectored pneumatic air chamber can be used in place of two individual cells. In some embodiments, the devices, systems and methods described herein use the upper thoracic spine as a first anchoring point and the occiput as a second point. The pneumatic air chambers can directly contact the cervical spine/occiput and the upper 25%-40% of the thoracic spine. 
     In certain embodiments, a traction device is provided. The traction device comprises a frame having a base and a neck support coupled to the base to support the neck of a user during use, a first inflatable bladder portion coupled to the neck support, and a second inflatable bladder portion coupled to the neck support. The first inflatable bladder portion is configured to expand a first angular direction from the neck support. The second inflatable bladder portion is configured to be positioned superior to the first inflatable bladder portion and is expandable in a second angular direction from the neck support toward an occiput of the user upon inflation. Upon the first inflatable bladder portion expanding in the first angular direction, the first inflatable bladder portion bears angularly against the back of the upper thoracic region of the user as the second inflatable bladder is inflated and forces the thoracic spine to decompress and reduces hyper-kyphosis of the upper thoracic spine. Upon the second inflatable bladder portion expanding in the angular direction, the second inflatable bladder portion bears angularly against the occiput of the user as the second inflatable bladder is inflated and forces the occipital-cervical junction to decompress. 
     In certain embodiments, a spacer is configured to be coupled between a portion of the frame and the second inflatable bladder portion to adjust the angulation of the second inflatable bladder portion during inflation. In certain embodiments, a pump system is provided for selectively inflating and deflating one or more of the first and second inflatable bladder portions. In certain embodiments, a valve is positioned in communication with the pump system and the first and second inflatable bladder portions, wherein the valve comprises varying lumen diameters that direct flow between the pump system and the first and second inflatable bladder portions. 
     According to some implementations, additional features include a wedge-shaped spacer, a rotatable spacer, and/or a spacer in a horizontal position that is configured to adjust the angulation of the first inflatable bladder portion during inflation to provide lateral flexion traction. Other spacer systems are contemplated and can also be used. For example, any component or device that can be selectively adjusted and can contact at least a portion of the first inflatable bladder portion can be used to impart lateral flexion traction. Additionally, in some cases a component or device need not be adjustable, for example, a spacer or other component could be provided on a traction device to cause the second inflatable bladder portion to consistently provide for lateral flexion traction on one side, while other systems can provide for lateral flexion traction on the other side. Additionally, while adjustments made with the spacer may be rotational, other movements or adjustments can be made with other mechanisms and arrangements, such as by sliding, for example. 
     According to some implementations, additional features include a wedge-shaped spacer, a rotatable spacer, and/or a spacer in a horizontal position that is configured to adjust the angulation of the second inflatable bladder portion during inflation to provide lateral flexion traction. Other spacer systems are contemplated and can also be used. For example, any component or device that can be selectively adjusted and can contact at least a portion of the second inflatable bladder portion can be used to impart lateral flexion traction. Additionally, in some cases a component or device need not be adjustable, for example, a spacer or other component could be provided on a traction device to cause the second inflatable bladder portion to consistently provide for lateral flexion traction on one side, while other systems can provide for lateral flexion traction on the other side. Additionally, while adjustments made with the spacer may be rotational, other movements or adjustments can be made with other mechanisms and arrangements, such as by sliding, for example. 
     In certain embodiments, a traction device is provided. The traction device comprises a frame having a base and a neck support coupled to the base to support the neck of a user during use and an inflatable bladder portion coupled to the neck support. The inflatable bladder portion is configured to expand in an angular direction from the neck support. Upon the inflatable bladder portion expanding in the angular direction, the inflatable bladder portion bears angularly against the back of the upper thoracic region and the mid thoracic region of the user as the inflatable bladder is inflated and forces the thoracic spine to decompress and reduces hyper-kyphosis of the upper thoracic spine and the mid thoracic spine. 
     In certain embodiments, the inflatable bladder portion is a first inflatable bladder portion and the angular direction is a first angular direction. In certain embodiments, the traction device further comprises a second inflatable bladder portion coupled to the neck support, and the second inflatable bladder portion bladder portion is expandable in a second angular direction from the neck support toward a occiput of the user upon inflation. In certain embodiments, upon the second inflatable bladder portion expanding in the second angular direction, the second inflatable bladder portion bears angularly against the occiput of the user as the second inflatable bladder is inflated and forces the occipital-cervical junction to decompress the occipital-cervical junction. In certain embodiments, the traction device further comprises a third inflatable bladder portion coupled to the neck support, and the third inflatable bladder portion is configured to expand in an outward direction from the neck support toward the neck of the user and in a transverse direction substantially normal to the outward direction upon inflation. In certain embodiments, upon the third inflatable bladder portion expanding in the outward direction, the third inflatable bladder portion bears outwardly against the back of the neck of the user as the third inflatable bladder is inflated and forces the cervical spine to curve forwardly, and upon expanding in the transverse direction, the third inflatable bladder portion applies an angular traction to the cervical spine as the third inflatable bladder is inflated. 
     In certain embodiments, the inflatable bladder portion is a first inflatable bladder portion, and the traction device further comprises a second inflatable bladder portion coupled to the neck support. In certain embodiments, the second inflatable bladder portion is configured to expand in an outward direction from the neck support toward the neck of the user and in a transverse direction substantially normal to the outward direction upon inflation. In certain embodiments, upon the second inflatable bladder portion expanding in the outward direction, the second inflatable bladder portion bears outwardly against the back of the neck of the user as the second inflatable bladder is inflated and forces the cervical spine to curve forwardly, and upon expanding in the transverse direction, the second inflatable bladder portion applies an angular traction to the cervical spine as the second inflatable bladder is inflated. 
     In certain embodiments, a spacer is configured to be coupled between a portion of the frame and the inflatable bladder portion to adjust the angulation of the inflatable bladder portion during inflation. In certain embodiments, a pump system is provided for selectively inflating and deflating the inflatable bladder portion. In certain embodiments, a valve is positioned in communication with the pump system and the inflatable bladder portion, wherein the valve comprises varying lumen diameters that direct flow between the pump system and the inflatable bladder portion. 
     According to some implementations, additional features include a wedge-shaped spacer, a rotatable spacer, and/or a spacer in a horizontal position that is configured to adjust the angulation of the inflatable bladder portion during inflation to provide lateral flexion traction. Other spacer systems are contemplated and can also be used. For example, any component or device that can be selectively adjusted and can contact at least a portion of the inflatable bladder portion can be used to impart lateral flexion traction. Additionally, in some cases a component or device need not be adjustable, for example, a spacer or other component could be provided on a traction device to cause the inflatable bladder portion to consistently provide for lateral flexion traction on one side, while other systems can provide for lateral flexion traction on the other side. Additionally, while adjustments made with the spacer may be rotational, other movements or adjustments can be made with other mechanisms and arrangements, such as by sliding, for example. 
     These and other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will become readily apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
     In certain embodiments, a spinal treatment system is provided. The spinal treatment system comprises a traction device, an exercise device adapted for imparting curvature to the lumbar or sacral spine of a user and for manipulating the spine and intervertebral discs with decompression force, and a cushion coupled to the traction device. The traction device comprises a frame having a base and a neck support coupled to the base to support the neck of a user during use. The traction device also comprises an inflatable bladder portion coupled to the neck support and configured to expand. Upon the inflatable bladder portion expanding, the inflatable bladder portion imparts a force to one or more of an occipital-cervical junction of the user, a cervical spine of the user, and a thoracic spine of the user. The exercise device comprises a frame for placement on a floor and having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface configured to rest upon the floor. The top surface and bottom surface are in a spaced apart relationship forming a hollow portion therebetween. The exercise device further comprises a pad or an inflatable bladder carried by the top surface of the frame, the pad or inflatable bladder defined by an upper and lower portion. The exercise device further comprises a body strap attachment for encompassing the thoracic-sacral spinal vertebrae region of the user and securing the frame to the user. The cushion is configured to bear against one or both of a head of the user and the thoracic spine of the user, the cushion comprising one or more pad sections or inflatable bladder sections. 
     In certain embodiments, the spinal treatment system further comprises an elongate stirrup strap member having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end attachable to the frame thereby connecting to the spinal region of the user, and the proximal end is adapted to be disposed behind the spinal region of the user. In certain embodiments, the pad or inflatable bladder of the exercise device is a first pad or first inflatable bladder, and the exercise device further comprises a second pad or second inflatable bladder carried by the top surface of the frame. In certain embodiments, the first pad or first inflatable bladder is disposed for directly bearing against the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae of the spine of the user. In certain embodiments, the second pad or second inflatable bladder is disposed for directly bearing against the mid-lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of the spine of the user. In certain embodiments, the pad or inflatable bladder of the exercise device is disposed for directly bearing against the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae of the spine of the user and the mid-lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of the spine of the user. In certain embodiments, the spinal treatment system comprises one or more straps configured to couple the traction device with the exercise device. In certain embodiments, the spinal treatment system comprises one or more straps configured to couple the cushion with the exercise device. In certain embodiments, the spinal treatment system comprises a pump system. In certain embodiments, the pump system comprises a user interface configured to receive one or more selections from a user, a fluid delivery system configured to direct the flow of fluid to the inflatable bladder portion of the traction device, and a processor in communication with the user interface and fluid delivery system. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to receive the one or more selections from the user interface, and control the fluid delivery system to direct the flow of fluid to the inflatable bladder portion based on the one or more selections. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to control the fluid delivery system to inflate the inflatable bladder portion to a user selected inflation amount or at a user selected inflation rate. 
     In certain embodiments, a spinal treatment system is provided. The spinal treatment system comprises a traction device and an exercise device adapted for imparting curvature to the lumbar or sacral spine of a user and for manipulating the spine and intervertebral discs with decompression force. The traction device comprises a frame having a base and a neck support coupled to the base to support the neck of a user during use. The traction device also comprises an inflatable bladder portion coupled to the neck support and configured to expand. Upon the inflatable bladder portion expanding, the inflatable bladder portion imparts a force to one or more of an occipital-cervical junction of the user, a cervical spine of the user, and a thoracic spine of the user. The exercise device a frame for placement on a floor and having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface configured to rest upon the floor. The top surface and bottom surface are in a spaced apart relationship forming a hollow portion therebetween. The exercise device also comprises a pad or an inflatable bladder carried by the top surface of the frame, the pad or inflatable bladder defined by an upper and lower portion. The exercise device also comprises a body strap attachment for encompassing the thoracic-sacral spinal vertebrae region of the user and securing the frame to the user. 
     In certain embodiments, the spinal treatment system comprises an elongate stirrup strap member having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end attachable to the frame thereby connecting to the spinal region of the user, and the proximal end is adapted to be disposed behind the spinal region of the user. In certain embodiments, the pad or inflatable bladder of the exercise device is a first pad or first inflatable bladder, and the exercise device further comprises a second pad or second inflatable bladder carried by the top surface of the frame. In certain embodiments, the first pad or first inflatable bladder is disposed for directly bearing against the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae of the spine of the user. In certain embodiments, the second pad or second inflatable bladder is disposed for directly bearing against the mid-lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of the spine of the user. In certain embodiments, the pad or inflatable bladder of the exercise device is disposed for directly bearing against the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae of the spine of the user and the mid-lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of the spine of the user. In certain embodiments, the spinal treatment system comprises one or more straps configured to couple the traction device with the exercise device. In certain embodiments, the spinal treatment system comprises a pump system. In certain embodiments, the pump system comprises a user interface configured to receive one or more selections from a user, a fluid delivery system configured to direct the flow of fluid to the inflatable bladder portion of the traction device, and a processor in communication with the user interface and fluid delivery system. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to receive the one or more selections from the user interface and control the fluid delivery system to direct the flow of fluid to the inflatable bladder portion of the traction device based on the one or more selections. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to control the fluid delivery system to inflate the inflatable bladder portion to a user selected inflation amount or at a user selected inflation rate. 
     In certain embodiments, a spinal treatment system is provided. The spinal treatment system comprises an exercise device adapted for imparting curvature to the lumbar or sacral spine of a user and for manipulating the spine and intervertebral discs with decompression force, and a cushion coupled to the exercise device. The exercise device comprises a frame for placement on a floor and having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface configured to rest upon the floor. The top surface and bottom surface are in a spaced apart relationship forming a hollow portion therebetween. The exercise device also comprises a pad or an inflatable bladder carried by the top surface of the frame, the pad or inflatable bladder defined by an upper and lower portion. The exercise device also comprises a body strap attachment for encompassing the thoracic-sacral spinal vertebrae region of the user and securing the frame to the user. The cushion is configured to bear against one or both of a head of the user and the thoracic spine of the user. The cushion comprises one or more pad sections or inflatable bladder sections. 
     In certain embodiments, the spinal treatment system comprises an elongate stirrup strap member having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end attachable to the frame thereby connecting to the spinal region of the user, and the proximal end is adapted to be disposed behind the spinal region of the user. In certain embodiments, the pad or inflatable bladder of the exercise device is a first pad or first inflatable bladder, and the exercise device further comprises a second pad or second inflatable bladder carried by the top surface of the frame. In certain embodiments, the first pad or first inflatable bladder is disposed for directly bearing against the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae of the spine of the user. In certain embodiments, the second pad or second inflatable bladder is disposed for directly bearing against the mid-lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of the spine of the user. In certain embodiments, the pad or inflatable bladder of the exercise device is disposed for directly bearing against the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae of the spine of the user and the mid-lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of the spine of the user. In certain embodiments, the spinal treatment system comprises one or more straps configured to couple the cushion with the exercise device. In certain embodiments, the spinal treatment system comprises a pump system. In certain embodiments, the pump system comprises a user interface configured to receive one or more selections from a user, a fluid delivery system configured to direct the flow of fluid to the first inflatable bladder and/or second inflatable bladder of the exercise device, and a processor in communication with the user interface and fluid delivery system. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to receive the one or more selections from the user interface and control the fluid delivery system to direct the flow of fluid to the first inflatable bladder and/or second inflatable bladder of the exercise device based on the one or more selections. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to control the fluid delivery system to inflate the first inflatable bladder portion and/or second inflatable bladder portion to a user selected inflation amount or at a user selected inflation rate. 
     In certain embodiments, a method for exercising and decompressing the lower body muscles, leg muscles, abdominal muscles and spine is provided. The method comprises providing a frame with a pad having a volume that is not configured to be inflatable disposed on a top portion of the frame, said top portion of said frame disposed on a bottom of said frame, the frame comprising a hollow portion between the top portion and bottom of said frame. The method also comprises positioning the pad against one or more of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae and the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of a user in order to create traction and spinal arc in the lower spinal region and to stretch lower body muscle groups, leg muscles. The method also comprises encompassing a thoracic-sacral spinal vertebrae region of the user and securing the frame with a body strap attachment, the body strap attachment passing through the frame in a non-fixed relationship and partially disposed within the hollow portion. The method also comprises connecting an elongate stirrup strap to the frame and to a stirrup for encompassing the feet or legs of the user, wherein the elongate stirrup strap is disposed behind the user. The method always comprises engaging slidably the feet or legs of the user into the stirrup. The method also comprises creating aligned decompression forces between the leg muscles and lower abdominal muscles by pulling the stirruped legs or feet in a direction away from the spine to decompress, urge, and align the spinal vertebrae. 
     In certain embodiments, positioning the pad against one or more of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae and the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of the user comprises positioning the pad against the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae. In certain embodiments, positioning the pad against one or more of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae and the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of the user comprises positioning the pad against the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae. In certain embodiments, the pad is a first pad. In certain embodiments, the method comprises positioning the first pad against the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae of the user. In certain embodiments, the method comprising positioning a second pad against the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae. In certain embodiments, the method comprises securing a traction device to a head of the user. In certain embodiments, the traction device comprises a frame having a base and a neck support coupled to the base to support the neck of a user during use and an inflatable bladder portion coupled to the neck support. In certain embodiments, the method comprises expanding the inflatable bladder portion to impart a force to one or more of an occipital cervical junction of the user, a cervical spine of the user, and a thoracic spine of the user. In certain embodiments, the method comprises expanding the inflatable bladder portion using a pump system. In certain embodiments, the pump system comprises a user interface configured to receive one or more selections from a user, a fluid delivery system configured to direct the flow of fluid to the inflatable bladder portion of the traction device, and a processor in communication with the user interface and fluid delivery system. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to receive the one or more selections from the user interface, and control the fluid delivery system to direct the flow of fluid to the inflatable bladder portion based on the one or more selections. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to control the fluid delivery system to inflate the inflatable bladder portion to a user selected inflation amount or at a user selected inflation rate. 
     In certain embodiments, a method for exercising and decompressing the lower body muscles, leg muscles, abdominal muscles and spine is provided. The method comprises providing a frame with a pad or inflatable bladder disposed on a top portion of the frame, said top portion of said frame disposed on a bottom of said frame, the frame comprising a hollow portion between the top portion and bottom of said frame. The method also comprises positioning the pad or inflatable bladder against one or more of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae and the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of a user in order to create traction and spinal arc in the lower spinal region and to stretch lower body muscle groups, leg muscles. The method also comprises encompassing a thoracic-sacral spinal vertebrae region of the user and securing the frame with a body strap attachment, the body strap attachment passing through the frame in a non-fixed relationship and partially disposed within the hollow portion. The method also comprises connecting an elongate stirrup strap to the frame and to a stirrup for encompassing the feet or legs of the user, wherein the elongate stirrup strap is disposed behind the user. The method always comprises engaging slidably the feet or legs of the user into the stirrup. The method also comprises creating aligned decompression forces between the leg muscles and lower abdominal muscles by pulling the stirruped legs or feet in a direction away from the spine to decompress, urge, and align the spinal vertebrae. The method also comprises securing a traction device to a head of the user. The traction device comprises a frame having a base and a neck support coupled to the base to support the neck of a user during use and an inflatable bladder portion coupled to the neck support. The method also comprises expanding the inflatable bladder portion of the traction device to impart a force to one or more of an occipital cervical junction of the user, a cervical spine of the user, and a thoracic spine of the user. The method also comprises positioning a cushion against one or both of the head of the user and the thoracic spine of the user. The cushion comprises one or more pad sections and/or inflatable bladder sections. 
     In certain embodiments, positioning the pad or inflatable bladder against one or more of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae and the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of the user comprises positioning the pad or inflatable bladder against the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae. In certain embodiments, positioning the pad or inflatable bladder against one or more of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae and the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of the user comprises positioning the pad or inflatable bladder against the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae. In certain embodiments, the pad or inflatable bladder is a first pad or first inflatable bladder. In certain embodiments, the method comprises positioning the first pad or first inflatable bladder against the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae of the user. In certain embodiments, the method comprising positioning a second pad or second inflatable bladder against the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae. In certain embodiments, the cushion is coupled to the traction device. The cushion can be coupled to the traction device by one or more straps. In certain embodiments, the cushion is coupled to the exercise device. The cushion can be coupled to the exercise device by one or more straps. In certain embodiments, the method comprises expanding the inflatable bladder portion of the traction device using a pump system. In certain embodiments, the pump system comprises a user interface configured to receive one or more selections from a user, a fluid delivery system configured to direct the flow of fluid to the inflatable bladder portion of the traction device, and a processor in communication with the user interface and fluid delivery system. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to receive the one or more selections from the user interface, and control the fluid delivery system to direct the flow of fluid to the inflatable bladder portion based on the one or more selections. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to control the fluid delivery system to inflate the inflatable bladder portion of the traction device to a user selected inflation amount or at a user selected inflation rate. In certain embodiments, the method comprises expanding one or more inflatable bladders of the exercise device. In certain embodiments, the method comprises expanding one or more inflatable bladders of the exercise device using a pump system. In certain embodiments, the pump system comprises a user interface configured to receive one or more selections from a user, a fluid delivery system configured to direct the flow of fluid to one or more inflatable bladders of the exercise device and a processor in communication with the user interface and fluid delivery system. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to receive the one or more selections from the user interface, and control the fluid delivery system to direct the flow of fluid to one or more inflatable bladders of the exercise device based on the one or more selections. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to control the fluid delivery system to inflate one or more inflatable bladders of the exercise device to a user selected inflation amount or at a user selected inflation rate. In certain embodiments, the method comprises expanding one or more inflatable bladder sections of the cushion using a pump system. In certain embodiments, the pump system comprises a user interface configured to receive one or more selections from a user, a fluid delivery system configured to direct the flow of fluid to one or more inflatable bladder sections of the cushion, and a processor in communication with the user interface and fluid delivery system. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to receive the one or more selections from the user interface, and control the fluid delivery system to direct the flow of fluid to one or more inflatable bladder sections of the cushion based on the one or more selections. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to control the fluid delivery system to inflate one or more inflatable bladder sections of the cushion to a user selected inflation amount or at a user selected inflation rate. 
     In certain embodiments, a method for exercising and decompressing the lower body muscles, leg muscles, abdominal muscles and spine is provided. The method comprises providing a frame with a pad or inflatable bladder disposed on a top portion of the frame, said top portion of said frame disposed on a bottom of said frame, the frame comprising a hollow portion between the top portion and bottom of said frame. The method also comprises positioning the pad or inflatable bladder against one or more of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae and the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of a user in order to create traction and spinal arc in the lower spinal region and to stretch lower body muscle groups, leg muscles. The method also comprises encompassing a thoracic-sacral spinal vertebrae region of the user and securing the frame with a body strap attachment, the body strap attachment passing through the frame in a non-fixed relationship and partially disposed within the hollow portion. The method also comprises connecting an elongate stirrup strap to the frame and to a stirrup for encompassing the feet or legs of the user, wherein the elongate stirrup strap is disposed behind the user. The method always comprises engaging slidably the feet or legs of the user into the stirrup. The method also comprises creating aligned decompression forces between the leg muscles and lower abdominal muscles by pulling the stirruped legs or feet in a direction away from the spine to decompress, urge, and align the spinal vertebrae. The method also comprises securing a traction device to a head of the user. The traction device comprises a frame having a base and a neck support coupled to the base to support the neck of a user during use and an inflatable bladder portion coupled to the neck support. The method also comprises expanding the inflatable bladder portion of the traction device to impart a force to one or more of an occipital cervical junction of the user, a cervical spine of the user, and a thoracic spine of the user. 
     In certain embodiments, positioning the pad or inflatable bladder against one or more of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae and the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of the user comprises positioning the pad or inflatable bladder against the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae. In certain embodiments, positioning the pad or inflatable bladder against one or more of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae and the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of the user comprises positioning the pad or inflatable bladder against the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae. In certain embodiments, the pad or inflatable bladder is a first pad or first inflatable bladder. In certain embodiments, the method comprises positioning the first pad or first inflatable bladder against the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae of the user. In certain embodiments, the method comprising positioning a second pad or second inflatable bladder against the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae. In certain embodiments, the method comprises expanding the inflatable bladder portion of the traction device using a pump system. In certain embodiments, the pump system comprises a user interface configured to receive one or more selections from a user, a fluid delivery system configured to direct the flow of fluid to the inflatable bladder portion of the traction device, and a processor in communication with the user interface and fluid delivery system. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to receive the one or more selections from the user interface, and control the fluid delivery system to direct the flow of fluid to the inflatable bladder portion based on the one or more selections. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to control the fluid delivery system to inflate the inflatable bladder portion of the traction device to a user selected inflation amount or at a user selected inflation rate. In certain embodiments, the method comprises expanding one or more inflatable bladders of the exercise device. In certain embodiments, the method comprises expanding one or more inflatable bladders of the exercise device using a pump system. In certain embodiments, the pump system comprises a user interface configured to receive one or more selections from a user, a fluid delivery system configured to direct the flow of fluid to one or more inflatable bladders of the exercise device and a processor in communication with the user interface and fluid delivery system. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to receive the one or more selections from the user interface, and control the fluid delivery system to direct the flow of fluid to one or more inflatable bladders of the exercise device based on the one or more selections. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to control the fluid delivery system to inflate one or more inflatable bladders of the exercise device to a user selected inflation amount or at a user selected inflation rate. 
     In certain embodiments, a method for exercising and decompressing the lower body muscles, leg muscles, abdominal muscles and spine is provided. The method comprises providing a frame with a pad or inflatable bladder disposed on a top portion of the frame, said top portion of said frame disposed on a bottom of said frame, the frame comprising a hollow portion between the top portion and bottom of said frame. The method also comprises positioning the pad or inflatable bladder against one or more of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae and the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of a user in order to create traction and spinal arc in the lower spinal region and to stretch lower body muscle groups, leg muscles. The method also comprises encompassing a thoracic-sacral spinal vertebrae region of the user and securing the frame with a body strap attachment, the body strap attachment passing through the frame in a non-fixed relationship and partially disposed within the hollow portion. The method also comprises connecting an elongate stirrup strap to the frame and to a stirrup for encompassing the feet or legs of the user, wherein the elongate stirrup strap is disposed behind the user. The method always comprises engaging slidably the feet or legs of the user into the stirrup. The method also comprises creating aligned decompression forces between the leg muscles and lower abdominal muscles by pulling the stirruped legs or feet in a direction away from the spine to decompress, urge, and align the spinal vertebrae. The method also comprises positioning a cushion against one or both of the head of the user and the thoracic spine of the user. The cushion comprises one or more pad sections and/or inflatable bladder sections. 
     In certain embodiments, positioning the pad or inflatable bladder against one or more of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae and the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of the user comprises positioning the pad or inflatable bladder against the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae. In certain embodiments, positioning the pad or inflatable bladder against one or more of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae and the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of the user comprises positioning the pad or inflatable bladder against the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae. In certain embodiments, the pad or inflatable bladder is a first pad or first inflatable bladder. In certain embodiments, the method comprises positioning the first pad or first inflatable bladder against the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae of the user. In certain embodiments, the method comprising positioning a second pad or second inflatable bladder against the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae. In certain embodiments, the cushion is coupled to the exercise device. The cushion can be coupled to the exercise device by one or more straps. In certain embodiments, the method comprises expanding one or more inflatable bladders of the exercise device. In certain embodiments, the method comprises expanding one or more inflatable bladders of the exercise device using a pump system. In certain embodiments, the pump system comprises a user interface configured to receive one or more selections from a user, a fluid delivery system configured to direct the flow of fluid to one or more inflatable bladders of the exercise device and a processor in communication with the user interface and fluid delivery system. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to receive the one or more selections from the user interface, and control the fluid delivery system to direct the flow of fluid to one or more inflatable bladders of the exercise device based on the one or more selections. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to control the fluid delivery system to inflate one or more inflatable bladders of the exercise device to a user selected inflation amount or at a user selected inflation rate. In certain embodiments, the method comprises expanding one or more inflatable bladder sections of the cushion using a pump system. In certain embodiments, the pump system comprises a user interface configured to receive one or more selections from a user, a fluid delivery system configured to direct the flow of fluid to one or more inflatable bladder sections of the cushion, and a processor in communication with the user interface and fluid delivery system. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to receive the one or more selections from the user interface, and control the fluid delivery system to direct the flow of fluid to one or more inflatable bladder sections of the cushion based on the one or more selections. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to control the fluid delivery system to inflate one or more inflatable bladder sections of the cushion to a user selected inflation amount or at a user selected inflation rate. 
     In certain embodiments, a spinal treatment system is provided. The spinal treatment system comprises an exercise device adapted for imparting curvature to the lumbar or sacral spine of a user and for manipulating the spine and intervertebral discs with decompression force. The exercise device comprises a frame for placement on a floor and having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface configured to rest upon the floor. The top surface and bottom surface are in a spaced apart relationship forming a hollow portion therebetween. The exercise device further comprises a pad having a volume that is not configured to be inflatable carried by the top surface of the frame, the pad defined by an upper and lower portion. The exercise device further comprises a body strap attachment for encompassing the thoracic-sacral spinal vertebrae region of the user and securing the frame to the user. 
     In certain embodiments, the spinal treatment system comprises an elongate stirrup strap member having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end attachable to the frame thereby connecting to the spinal region of the user, and the proximal end is adapted to be disposed behind the spinal region of the user. In certain embodiments, the pad of the exercise device is a first pad, and the exercise device further comprises a second pad carried by the top surface of the frame. In certain embodiments, the second pad has a volume that is not configured to be inflated. In certain embodiments, the first pad is disposed for directly bearing against the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae of the spine of the user. In certain embodiments, the second pad is disposed for directly bearing against the mid-lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of the spine of the user. In certain embodiments, the pad of the exercise device is disposed for directly bearing against the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae of the spine of the user and the mid-lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of the spine of the user. In certain embodiments, the spinal treatment system comprises a traction device. In certain embodiments, the traction device comprises a frame having a base and a neck support coupled to the base to support the neck of a user during use. In certain embodiments, the traction device also comprises an inflatable bladder portion coupled to the neck support and configured to expand. In certain embodiments, upon the inflatable bladder portion expanding, the inflatable bladder portion imparts a force to one or more of an occipital-cervical junction of the user, a cervical spine of the user, and a thoracic spine of the user. In certain embodiments, the spinal treatment system comprises a cushion. In certain embodiments, the cushion is configured to bear against one or both of a head of the user and the thoracic spine of the user, the cushion comprising one or more pad sections or inflatable bladder sections. In certain embodiments, the spinal treatment system comprises one or more straps configured to couple the traction device with the exercise device. In certain embodiments, the spinal treatment system comprises one or more straps configured to couple the cushion with the exercise device. In certain embodiments, the spinal treatment system comprises a pump system. In certain embodiments, the pump system comprises a user interface configured to receive one or more selections from a user, a fluid delivery system configured to direct the flow of fluid to the inflatable bladder portion of the traction device, and a processor in communication with the user interface and fluid delivery system. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to receive the one or more selections from the user interface, and control the fluid delivery system to direct the flow of fluid to the inflatable bladder portion based on the one or more selections. In certain embodiments, the processor is configured to control the fluid delivery system to inflate the inflatable bladder portion to a user selected inflation amount or at a user selected inflation rate. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention. In such drawings: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an abdominal muscle and spine-exercising device in accordance with the present invention generally showing a frame having a top surface with a first and second bladders disposed thereon and a pair of hand held pumps for bladder inflation; 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a bottom side of the device shown in  FIG. 1  showing an arched projection for enabling the device to be rocked by the user; 
         FIG. 3  is an exploded view of the device more clearly showing the disposition of the bladders on a relatively flat portion of the frame top side along with lines for coupling with the bladders to enable inflation thereof independently by the pumps; 
         FIG. 4  is a cross sectional view of the device in accordance with the present invention taken along the line  4 - 4  of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram showing lumbar curvature as an 85° portion of an ellipse, this shape being the desired result of vectored forces provided by the bladders against the spine; and 
         FIGS. 6-8  illustrate the use of the abdominal muscle and spine exercise device in accordance with the present invention illustrating massage by bladders due to momentum provided by rocking which effects the elongation of the lordotic arch and promotes fluid imbibition throughout the vertebrae and disc. 
         FIG. 9  is a perspective view of the lower body and spinal exercise device in accordance with the present invention, including a frame having two inflatable bladders disposed thereon, a pair of handheld pumps for bladder inflation, a body attachment attached to a stirrup strap, a tension gauge, and an attached stirrup for feet/legs; 
         FIG. 10  illustrates a perspective view of the top side of the lower body and spinal exercise device positioned for use in accordance with  FIG. 9 ; 
         FIG. 11  illustrates a view of the bottom side of the lower body and spinal exercise device positioned for use in accordance with  FIG. 9 ; 
         FIG. 12  is a cross sectional view of the device in accordance with the invention showing the inflatable bladder disposed on a frame, connected to flexible pump tubing, hollow and slot portions of the frame, and a body strap attachment interconnected to the frame slots and to the elongate stirrup strap; 
         FIGS. 13-14  illustrate perspective top views of the body strap attachment which encompasses the user&#39;s spinal region, an elongate stirrup strap, and a stirrup.  FIG. 13  illustrates the stirrup as an attachable looped band while  FIG. 14  illustrates the stirrup as a partitioned annulus (ring) for aligning and supporting the feet and the lower body; 
         FIGS. 15-16  illustrate the use of the lower elongate stirrup strap member including an optionally attachable tension gauge for measuring the decompression force and a handheld monitor for communication with the tension gauge.  FIG. 15  illustrates the user in a relaxed position and  FIG. 16  illustrates the user in the extended lower body position applying decompression force to the spine and inflated bladders against the user&#39;s spine to expand and redefine the curvature in the spine; 
         FIG. 17  is a perspective view of an exemplary frame with wheels; and 
         FIG. 18  is a perspective view of an exemplary stirrup with wheels. 
         FIG. 19  is a perspective view of the lower body and spinal exercise device in accordance with the present invention, including a frame having a pad disposed thereon, a body attachment, a stirrup strap, and an attached stirrup for feet/legs; 
         FIG. 20  illustrates a perspective view of the top side of the lower body and spinal exercise device positioned for use in accordance with  FIG. 19 ; 
         FIG. 21  illustrates a view of the bottom side of the lower body and spinal exercise device positioned for use in accordance with  FIG. 19 ; 
         FIG. 22  is a cross sectional view of the device in accordance with the invention showing a pad disposed on a frame and the body strap positioned between the frame and the pad. 
         FIG. 23  is a perspective view of the lower body and spinal exercise device in accordance with the present invention, including a frame having two pads disposed thereon, a body attachment, a stirrup strap, and an attached stirrup for feet/legs; 
         FIG. 24  illustrates a perspective view of the top side of the lower body and spinal exercise device positioned for use in accordance with  FIG. 23 ; 
         FIG. 25  illustrates a view of the bottom side of the lower body and spinal exercise device positioned for use in accordance with  FIG. 23 ; 
         FIG. 26  is a cross sectional view of the device in accordance with the invention showing a pad disposed on a frame and the body strap positioned between the frame and the pad. 
         FIG. 27  is a perspective view of one embodiment of a decompression and traction system. 
         FIG. 28  is a perspective view of a portion of the system shown in  FIG. 27 . 
         FIG. 29  is a top view of a portion of the system shown in  FIG. 27 . 
         FIG. 30  is a side view of a portion of the system shown in  FIG. 27 . 
         FIG. 31  is a cross-sectional side view of a portion of the system shown in  FIG. 27 . 
         FIG. 32  is a perspective view of a valve component shown in the cross-sectional side view of  FIG. 31 . 
         FIG. 33  is a perspective view of a portion of the system shown in  FIG. 27 , showing a second inflatable bladder in an unassembled configuration. 
         FIG. 34  is a schematic view of another embodiment of a decompression and traction system, showing mobile pneumatic air chambers comprising a first inflatable bladder being pivotably adjustable and showing a spacer component configured to be selectively coupled to the frame to adjust a position of a second inflatable bladder. 
         FIG. 35  is a perspective view of the spacer component shown in  FIG. 34 . 
         FIGS. 36A-F  are illustrative views of a patient&#39;s spine in multiple configurations, including some embodiments of decompression and traction systems in use in deflated and inflated configurations. 
         FIG. 37  is a schematic top view of a patient positioned on another embodiment of a decompression and traction system, showing pneumatic air chambers comprising first and second inflatable bladders and an adjustable spacer component configured to be selectively coupled to the frame to adjust a position of the second inflatable bladder, in the shown configuration the spacer component adjusts the position of the second inflatable bladder to provide an even distribution of force generally along a force vector in the −Y and +Z plane. 
         FIG. 38  is a schematic top view of a patient and the embodiment of  FIG. 37 , showing a configuration wherein the spacer component is moved to adjust the position of the second inflatable bladder to provide an uneven distribution of force on one side of the patient in that a force vector is directed, for example, in a −Y, +Z, and −X direction. 
         FIG. 39  is a bottom view of the embodiment of  FIG. 37 , in the shown configuration the spacer component adjusts the position of the second inflatable bladder to provide an even distribution of force generally along a force vector in the −Y and +Z plane. 
         FIG. 40  is a bottom view of the embodiment of  FIG. 37 , showing a configuration wherein the spacer component is moved to adjust the position of the second inflatable bladder to provide an uneven distribution of force to a patient in that a force vector is directed, for example, in a −Y, +Z, and −X direction. 
         FIG. 41  is a perspective view of one embodiment of a decompression and traction system. 
         FIG. 42  is a perspective view of a portion of the system shown in  FIG. 41 . 
         FIG. 43  is a top view of a portion of the system shown in  FIG. 41 . 
         FIG. 44  is a side view of a portion of the system shown in  FIG. 41 . 
         FIG. 45  is a cross-sectional side view of a portion of the system shown in  FIG. 41 . 
         FIG. 46  is a perspective view of a valve component shown in the cross-sectional side view of  FIG. 45 . 
         FIG. 47  is a perspective view of a portion of the system shown in  FIG. 41 , showing a third inflatable bladder in an unassembled configuration. 
         FIG. 48  is a schematic view of another embodiment of a decompression and traction system, showing mobile pneumatic air chambers comprising a first inflatable bladder being pivotably adjustable, showing a spacer component configured to be selectively coupled to the frame to adjust a position of a second inflatable bladder, and showing a spacer component configured to be selectively coupled to the frame to adjust a position of a third inflatable bladder. 
         FIGS. 49A-B  are illustrative views of a patient&#39;s spine including embodiments of decompression and traction systems in use in inflated configurations. 
         FIG. 50  is a schematic top view of a patient positioned on another embodiment of a decompression and traction system, showing pneumatic air chambers comprising first, second, and third inflatable bladders, a first adjustable spacer component configured to be selectively coupled to the frame to adjust a position of the second inflatable bladder, wherein in the shown configuration the spacer component adjusts the position of the second inflatable bladder to provide an even distribution of force generally along a force vector in the −Y and +Z plane, and a second adjustable spacer component configured to be selectively coupled to the frame to adjust a position of the third inflatable bladder, wherein in the shown configuration the spacer component adjusts the position of the third inflatable bladder to provide an even distribution of force generally along a force vector in the +Y and +Z plane 
         FIG. 51  is a schematic top view of a patient and the embodiment of  FIG. 50 , showing a configuration wherein the first spacer component is moved to adjust the position of the second inflatable bladder to provide an uneven distribution of force on one side of the patient in that a force vector is directed, for example, in a −Y, +Z, and −X direction, and wherein the second spacer component is moved to adjust the position of the third inflatable bladder to provide an uneven distribution of force on one side of the patient in that a force vector is directed, for example, in a +Y, +Z, and −X direction. 
         FIG. 52  is a bottom view of the embodiment of  FIG. 50 , in the shown configuration the first spacer component adjusts the position of the second inflatable bladder to provide an even distribution of force generally along a force vector in the −Y and +Z plane and the second spacer component adjusts the position of the second inflatable bladder to provide an even distribution of force generally along a force vector in the +Y and +Z plane. 
         FIG. 53  is a bottom view of the embodiment of  FIG. 50 , showing a configuration wherein the first spacer component is moved to adjust the position of the second inflatable bladder to provide an uneven distribution of force to a patient in that a force vector is directed, for example, in a −Y, +Z, and −X direction and the second spacer component is moved to adjust the position of the third inflatable bladder to provide an uneven distribution of force to a patient in that a force vector is directed, for example, in a +Y, +Z, and −X direction. 
         FIG. 54  is a perspective view of one embodiment of a decompression and traction system. 
         FIG. 55  is a perspective view of one embodiment of a decompression and traction system. 
         FIG. 56  is an illustrative view of a patient&#39;s spine including an embodiment of a decompression and traction systems in use in an inflated configuration. 
         FIG. 57  is a perspective view of one embodiment of a decompression, traction, and lower body exercise system in accordance with the present invention. 
         FIG. 58  is a perspective view of an embodiment of an automated pump system in accordance with the present invention. 
         FIG. 59  is a top view of the pump system of  FIG. 58  with a portion of a housing of the pump system removed to show internal features. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     With reference to  FIGS. 1-4 , there is shown an abdominal muscle and spine exercising device  10  which includes a frame  12  having a top surface  14  and a bottom surface  16 . 
     As best seen in  FIGS. 1 and 3-4 , the top surface  14  includes a first arched surface, or projection,  20  and, as best seen in  FIG. 2  the bottom surface  16  includes an arched projection  22 . The frame  12 , which includes the top and bottom surfaces  14 ,  16  and arched projections  20 ,  22  is preferably molded from a suitable plastic. This structure includes hollow portions  26 ,  28 , see  FIG. 4 , for enabling the device  10  to be made in a lightweight fashion and also enable innerconnection with first and second bladders  32 ,  34  which are disposed proximate a center  38  of the frame top surface  14 . 
     The bladders  32 ,  34  may be attached to the top surface  14  by any suitable manner, for example depending portions  40 ,  42  may be fitted through corresponding slots  40   a ,  42   a  and fastened in any suitable manner. 
     The first arch surface or projection  20  enables the first and second bladders  32 ,  34  to bear directly against the lower thoracic vertebrae of a users spine as illustrated in  FIG. 5  by the arrows  46 ,  48 . This vectored arrangement is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,906,586 to Graham, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, describes suitable bladders for use with the present invention and their position. 
     The bladders  32 ,  34  may be attached to one another as indicated in the drawings or separate, however each is pneumatically individual from the other enabling separate inflation and deflation through the use of hand pumps, or bulbs,  52 ,  54  inner connected to the bladders  32 ,  34  respectively through lines  56 ,  58  and fittings  62 ,  64  coupled to bladder nipples  66 ,  68 , see also  FIG. 4 . 
     Again with reference to  FIG. 5 , the first and second bladder bearing directions  46 ,  48  are divergent along a saggital plane of the user  72  in order to enhance an elliptical arch  74  shown in  FIG. 5  which enhances an elliptical arch in the thoraco-lumbar/lumbosarra/spine  44 . 
     With specific reference to  FIG. 4 , the frame bottom surface  16  includes the arched projection  22  which is preferably surrounded by a flat portion  76 . The second arched projection  22  is disposed on the bottom surface  16  for enabling the frame  12  and bladders  32 ,  34  to be rocked by the user  72  as illustrated in  FIGS. 6-8  in a direction transverse to a longitudinal axis  78  of the frame  12 . As hereinabove noted, the flat portion  76  provides a stop for the rocking action. Friction between the back of the user and the bladders  32  and  34  of the device  10  can cause forces to be applied to the spine of the user when the rocking action is stopped by the flat portion  76 . 
     In operation, the rocking action enabled by the arcuate surface works the users abdominal and pelvic muscles while the spine is urged into an elliptical shape. The momentum of the rocking against the urged elliptical shape promotes stretching of the spine which in turn causes longitudinal alignment of the spinal vertebrae  44  and thus provides therapy for reinstating a lordotic arch in the spine as well as aligning the vertebrae along a longitudinal spinal axis. In some embodiments, an abdominal muscle and spine exercising device can be combined with one or more features for exercising the lower body muscles. 
     A spinal disc/joint, lower body, leg muscle, abdominal muscle and spine exercising device may generally include a frame and apparatus for redefining the curvature of the spine and exercising the lower body muscles. Specifically, the apparatus for manipulating and imparting curvature of the spine includes a frame for placement on a floor and having a top surface, along with one or more pads, cushions, pneumatic chambers, or inflatable bladders. In some embodiments, a first pad or inflatable bladder is disposed for directly bearing against lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae of a user&#39;s spine in a first direction and a second pad or inflatable bladder is disposed for directly bearing against the mid-lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of the spine in a second direction. The adjacent pads, pneumatic chambers, inflated bladders, or alternately inflated bladders, provide diverging forces against the user&#39;s spine and thereby cause stretching and longitudinal aligning of the spinal vertebrae while promoting fluid imbibition throughout the vertebrae and discs. Thus the spinal vertebrae are urged into the natural elliptical alignment and the joints are lubricated and aligned. In some embodiments, a single pad, pneumatic chamber, or inflatable bladder is disposed on the frame  114 . The single pad, pneumatic chamber, or inflatable bladder can bear against the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae of a user&#39;s spine in a first direction and/or the mid-lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae of the spine in a second direction. An adjustable body strap attachment for encompassing the user&#39;s thoracic/lumbo-sacral-pelvic spinal vertebrae region and secured through the frame is attached to an elongate stirrup strap. The stirrup attachment engages slidably on the user&#39;s feet/legs for exercising pulling force aligned from the legs and lower body to the spine, thereby imparting decompression force from the lower body to the spine and the lower body muscles including the legs, are stretched and exercised. Additionally a hand held monitor for communicating with a tension gauge for measuring the decompression force exerted by the feet/legs on the lower body and spine may be disposed and integrally attached to the stirrup strap. 
     With reference to  FIGS. 9-12  there is shown a leg muscle, abdominal muscle, and spinal exercise device  110  which includes a frame  114  having a top surface  116  and a bottom surface  118 . As best seen in  FIGS. 9 and 12 , the top surface  116  includes a concave surface  120  and, as best seen in  FIG. 11  a bottom surface  118 . 
     The frame  114  structure is preferably molded in suitable lightweight plastic for enabling interconnection of the two inflatable bladders  132 ,  134  to the top surface  116 . As best seen in  FIG. 12 , the concave surface  120  of the frame  114  includes a hollow portion  122  and slotted  124 ,  126  portions for enabling interconnection the air bladders  132 ,  134  and interconnection of the body strap attachment  170 . 
     With reference to  FIG. 10 , the inflatable bladders  132 ,  134  carried by the frame  114  are defined by an upper  132  and a lower portion  134  which are disposed proximate a center of the frame top surface  116 . With reference to  FIGS. 10 and 12 , the air bladders  132 ,  134  are pneumatically inflated and deflated through the use of hand held pumps  140 ,  142  or bulbs, respectively through flexible tubing  146 ,  148  lines and fittings  152 ,  154  coupled to the bladders  132 ,  134  on the frame top surface underside  160 . In some embodiments, a single hand held pump or bulb may inflate both air bladders  132 ,  134 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 15 and 16 , the inflatable bladders  132 ,  134  disposed on the frame concave top surface  116  bear directly against the user&#39;s spine while frame  114  supports the user&#39;s body contour  162 .  FIG. 15  shows the user at rest in an aligned position for exercise.  FIG. 16  shows the user applying longitudinal alignment force  166  and enhanced spinal arc  168  created upon inflation  136  of the upper bladder  132  bearing against the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae and upon inflation of a lower bladder  134  bearing against the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae. The arrangement of the frame  114  and bladders  132 ,  134  is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,906,586 and 7,060,085 to Graham, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, describe suitable bladders for use with the present invention and their position. 
     The bottom surface  118  of the frame  114  can be shaped or otherwise configured to allow for a rocking motion as described herein with respect to  FIGS. 1-8 . In operation, the rocking action enabled by the arcuate surface works the users abdominal and pelvic muscles while the spine is urged into an elliptical shape. The momentum of the rocking against the urged elliptical shape promotes stretching of the spine which in turn causes longitudinal alignment of the spinal vertebrae and thus provides therapy for reinstating a lordotic arch in the spine as well as aligning the vertebrae along a longitudinal spinal axis. The inflatable bladders  132  and  134  may be inflated to bear directly against the lower thoracic vertebrae of a users spine to apply additional forces to the spine. Friction between the back of the user and the bladders  132  and  134  can cause forces to be applied to the spine of the user when the rocking action is stopped by contact between a section of the frame  114  and a surface upon which the frame is positioned, as described above, for example, with respect to flat portion  76  of device  10 . 
     As seen in  FIGS. 9-12 , a body strap attachment  170  may be fitted through corresponding slots  124 ,  126  in the top surface  116  of the frame and fastened in a suitable manner. Two ends of the body strap attachment  170 , shown in  FIGS. 9-11 , may include a buckle  172  on one end and a buckle fitting  174  on the other end for adjustably securing the body strap  170  and the frame  114  to the contour of the user&#39;s waist/lumbar spinal region  162 , In an alternative embodiment depicted in  FIGS. 13 and 14 , the user may detach the frame  114  and use the body strap attachment  170  without the frame  114  or inflatable bladders  132 ,  134 . 
     With reference to  FIGS. 9, 13 and 14 , there is shown an elongate stirrup strap member  180  having a proximal end  182  and a distal end  186 . Both ends of the elongate stirrup strap member  180  include at least one loop for fastening the proximal end  184  to the body strap attachment  170  and another loop for fastening the adjustable distal end  188  to the stirrup  178 . As best seen in  FIG. 11  the elongate stirrup strap member  180  include at least one loop for fastening the proximal end  184  to the body strap attachment and is engaged with the bottom surface of the frame  118 .  FIG. 13  illustrates a stirrup  200  as a slidably looped band  202  attached to the loop stirrup strap distal end  188 .  FIG. 14  illustrates the stirrup  200  as annulus  204  attached to the adjustable stirrup strap distal end  188 . As best seen in  FIG. 16 , the annulus  204  stirrup is shown with a partition  206  and a support for each foot  190  which aligns each leg  192  with the pelvis and spine while applying decompression force  194  to the spine. 
     With specific reference to  FIGS. 15-16 , in an alternative embodiment, a removable tension gauge  210  is coupled to the stirrup strap  280 . A handheld monitor  212  communicates  214  with the tension gauge  210  thereby enabling the user to simultaneously view the tension measurement on the handheld monitor  212  while applying decompression tension force  194  from the feet  190  and legs  192  to the spine. The tension gauge  210  and handheld monitor  212  enabling the user to simultaneously view the tension measurement may be of a conventional design.  FIG. 15  illustrates the user in a relaxed longitudinal aligned  164  position and  FIG. 16  illustrates the user in the extended lower body position applying decompression force  194  to the spine and applying longitudinal stretching force  166  with inflated bladders  132 ,  134  against the spine. 
     With specific reference to  FIG. 17  there is shown an embodiment of a frame  114  having plurality of wheels  216  rotatably attached along the bottom surface  118 . The wheels  216  help to allow the frame  114  to move easily when it is used upon a hard surface, such as tile, concrete or wood. The wheels  216  are recessed into the frame  114  such that only a portion of the wheels  216  extend beyond the bottom surface  118 . This helps to allow the frame  114  to still work properly on non-hard surfaces such as carpet. The plurality of wheels  216  can be at least one wheel, but is also understood to range from one wheel to many wheels. 
     With specific reference to  FIG. 18  there is shown a stirrup  204  that now also includes a plurality of wheels  216 . Just as with the frame  114  of  FIG. 17 , the wheels  216  of  FIG. 18  allow the stirrup  204  to move easily when it is used upon a hard surface, such as tile, concrete or wood. Again, the wheels  216  can be recessed into the stirrup such that only a small portion of the wheels  216  extend beyond a bottom surface  217  of the stirrup  204 . The plurality of wheels  216  can be at least one wheel, but is also understood to range from one wheel to many wheels. 
     With reference to  FIGS. 19-22  there is shown a leg muscle, abdominal muscle, and spinal exercise device  310  which includes a frame  114  having a top surface  116  and a bottom surface  118 . As best seen in  FIGS. 19 and 22 , the top surface  116  includes a concave surface  120  and, as best seen in  FIG. 21  a bottom surface  118 . 
     The frame  114  structure is preferably molded in suitable lightweight plastic for enabling interconnection of a pad or cushion  332  to the top surface  116 . As best seen in  FIG. 22 , a hollow portion  122  and slotted portions  324  and  326  can enable passage of the body strap attachment  170  through the frame  114 . 
     The exercise device  310  can be used in the same or similar manner as described with respect to the exercise device  110 , for example, in the same or similar manner as described with respect to  FIGS. 15 and 16 . In use, the pad  332  disposed on the frame concave top surface  116  bear directly against the user&#39;s spine while frame  114  supports the user&#39;s body contour  162 . The user can apply longitudinal alignment force  166  and an enhanced spinal arc  168  can be created by an upper portion of the pad  332  bearing against the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae and a lower portion of the lower portion of the pad  332  bearing against the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae. 
     In certain embodiments, the pad  332  can be formed of or filled with one or more foam materials. The foam materials can be open cell foam materials or closed cell foam materials. In certain embodiments, the pad  332  may be formed of one or more elastic or viscoelastic materials. In certain embodiments, the pad  332  can be formed of or filled with one or more of polyester, polyether, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyethylene and vinyl, or any other suitable polymer based material. In certain embodiments, the pad  332  may be generally rigid. In other embodiments, the pad  332  may be flexible or deformable. 
     In certain embodiments, the material of the pad  332  can have a density between 0.5 lb/ft 3  to 15 lb/ft 3 . In certain embodiments, the pad  332  can have a density between 1.5 lb/ft 3  to 10 lb/ft 3 . In certain embodiments, the pad  332  can have a density between 3 lb/ft 3  to 8 lb/ft 3 . In certain embodiments, the pad  332  can have a density of less than 1 lb/ft 3 , less than 2 lb/ft 3 , less than 3 lb/ft 3 , less than 4 lb/ft 3 , less than 5 lb/ft 3 , less than 6 lb/ft 3 , less than 7 lb/ft 3 , less than 8 lb/ft 3 , less than 9 lb/ft 3 , less than 10 lb/ft 3 , less than 11 lb/ft 3 , less than 12 lb/ft 3 , less than 13 lb/ft 3 , less than 14 lb/ft 3 , or less than 15 lb/ft 3 . In certain embodiments, the pad  332  can have a density of more than 1 lb/ft 3 , more than 2 lb/ft 3 , more than 3 lb/ft 3 , more than 4 lb/ft 3 , more than 5 lb/ft 3 , more than 6 lb/ft 3 , more than 7 lb/ft 3 , more than 8 lb/ft 3 , more than 9 lb/ft 3 , more than 10 lb/ft 3 , more than 11 lb/ft 3 , more than 12 lb/ft 3 , more than 13 lb/ft 3 , more than 14 lb/ft 3 , or more than 15 lb/ft 3 . 
     In certain embodiments, the pad  332  can be compressed to between 10% to 90% of its thickness, between 20% to 80% of its thickness, between 30% to 70% of its thickness, or between 40% to 60% of its thickness. In certain embodiments, the pad  332  can be compressed to less than 10% of its thickness, less than 20% of its thickness, less than 30% of its thickness, less than 40% of its thickness, less than 50% of its thickness, less than 60% of its thickness, less than 70% of its thickness, less than 80% of its thickness, or less than 90% of its thickness. In certain embodiments, the pad  332  can be compressed to more than 10% of its thickness, more than 20% of its thickness, more than 30% of its thickness, more than 40% of its thickness, more than 50% of its thickness, more than 60% of its thickness, more than 70% of its thickness, more than 80% of its thickness, or more than 90% of its thickness 
     In certain embodiments, the material of the pad  332  can have a 25% indentation force-deflection measurement between 25 N to 200 N, between 50 N to 175 N, between 75 N to 150 N, or between 100 N to 125 N. In certain embodiments, the material of the pad  332  can have a 25% indentation force-deflection measurement of less than 25 N, less than 50 N, less than 75 N, less than 100 N, less than 125 N, less than 150 N, less than 175 N, or less than 200 N. In certain embodiments, the material of the pad  332  can have a 25% indentation force-deflection measurement of more than 25 N, more than 50 N, more than 75 N, more than 100 N, more than 125 N, more than 150 N, more than 175 N, or more than 200 N. 
     In certain embodiments, a pad  332  may be selected from a plurality of pads for use in the exercise device. For example, a pad  332  may be selected from a plurality of pads having different deformation properties. In some embodiments, a pad  332  having a relatively lower degree of deformability may provide improved force distribution to a user during use of the exercise device  310  in comparison to a pad having a relatively higher degree of deformability. In some embodiments, a pad  332  having a relatively higher degree of deformability may provide improved comfort to a user in comparison to a pad having a relatively lower degree of deformability. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 19-22 , the pad  332  is non-inflatable. The pad  332  can have a non-adjustable volume. In alternative embodiments, the exercise device  310  may include an inflatable bladder instead of a pad  332 . 
     The bottom surface  118  of the frame  114  can be shaped or otherwise configured to allow for a rocking motion as described herein with respect to  FIGS. 1-8 . In operation, the rocking action enabled by the arcuate surface works the users abdominal and pelvic muscles while the spine is urged into an elliptical shape. The momentum of the rocking against the urged elliptical shape promotes stretching of the spine which in turn causes longitudinal alignment of the spinal vertebrae and thus provides therapy for reinstating a lordotic arch in the spine as well as aligning the vertebrae along a longitudinal spinal axis. Friction between the back of the user and the pad  332  can cause forces to be applied to the spine of the user when the rocking action is stopped by contact between a section of the frame  114  and a surface upon which the frame is positioned, as described above, for example, with respect to flat portion  76  of device  10 . In certain embodiments, the pad  332  can be shapes, sized, or otherwise configured to maintain a desired position of the back during rocking or to impart a desired force to the back during rocking. Through the above-described rocking motion, therapy can be provided without requiring inflation of a bladder. Such embodiments may be advantageous for people with disabilities that prevent or restrict operation of a hand pump. 
     As seen in  FIGS. 19-22 , a body strap attachment  170  may be fitted through corresponding slots  324 ,  326  in the top surface  116  of the frame  114  and fastened in a suitable manner. In some embodiments, the body strap attachment  170  can pass through the frame  114  in a non-fixed relationship. Two ends of the body strap attachment  170 , shown in  FIGS. 19-21 , may include a buckle  172  on one end and a buckle fitting  174  on the other end for adjustably securing the body strap  170  and the frame  114  to the contour of the user&#39;s waist/lumbar spinal region  162 . In some embodiments, tubes  171  may be positioned over portions of the body strap  170 . 
     With reference to  FIGS. 19-21 , there is shown an elongate stirrup strap member  180  having a proximal end  182  and a distal end  186 . The distal end  186  of the elongate stirrup strap member  180  includes at least one loop for fastening the adjustable distal end portion  188  to the stirrup  200 . The elongate stirrup strap member  180  also includes at least one loop for fastening the proximal end  184  to the body strap attachment  170 . A portion of the proximal end  184  can extend into the frame  114  through a slot  185  for coupling with the body strap attachment  170 .  FIGS. 19-21  illustrate the stirrup  200  as annulus  204  attached to the adjustable stirrup strap distal end portion  188 . As best seen in  FIG. 20 , the annulus  204  stirrup is shown with a partition  206  and a support for each foot  190  which aligns each leg  192  with the pelvis and spine while applying decompression force  194  to the spine. 
     With reference to  FIGS. 23-26  there is shown a leg muscle, abdominal muscle, and spinal exercise device  410  which includes a frame  14  having a top surface  116  and a bottom surface  118 . As best seen in  FIGS. 23 and 26 , the top surface  116  includes a concave surface  120  and, as best seen in  FIG. 25  a bottom surface  118 . 
     The frame  114  structure is preferably molded in suitable lightweight plastic for enabling interconnection of pads or cushions  432 ,  434  to the top surface  116 . As best seen in  FIG. 22 , the concave surface  120  of the frame  114  includes a hollow portion  122  and slotted portions  424 ,  426  for enabling interconnection of the pads  432 ,  434  with the frame  114 . Slotted portions  424  and  426  can also enable passage of the body strap attachment  170  through the frame  114 . 
     The exercise device  410  can be used in the same or similar manner as described with respect to the exercise device  410 , for example, in the same or similar manner as described with respect to  FIGS. 15 and 16 . In use, the pads  432 ,  434  disposed on the frame concave top surface  116  bear directly against the user&#39;s spine while frame  114  supports the user&#39;s body contour  162 . The user can apply longitudinal alignment force  166  and an enhanced spinal arc  168  can be created by the upper pad  432  bearing against the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae and the lower pad  434  bearing against the middle lumbar and lumbo-sacral vertebrae. 
     In certain embodiments, the one or both of the pads  432  and  434  can be formed of or filled with one or more foam materials. The foam materials can be open cell foam materials or closed cell foam materials. In certain embodiments, one or both of the pads  432  and  434  may be formed of one or more elastic or viscoelastic materials. In certain embodiments, one or both of the pads  432  and  434  can be formed of or filled with one or more of polyester, polyether, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyethylene and vinyl, or any other suitable polymer based material. In certain embodiments, one or both of the pads  432  and  434  may be generally rigid. In other embodiments, one or both of the pads  432  and  434  may be flexible or deformable. 
     In certain embodiments, the material of one or both of the pads  432  and  434  can have a density between 0.5 lb/ft 3  to 15 lb/ft 3 . In certain embodiments, one or both of the pads  432  and  434  can have a density between 1.5 lb/ft 3  to 10 lb/ft 3 . In certain embodiments, one or both of the pads  432  and  434  can have a density between 3 lb/ft 3  to 8 lb/ft 3 . In certain embodiments, one or both of the pads  432  and  434  can have a density of less than 1 lb/ft 3 , less than 2 lb/ft 3 , less than 3 lb/ft 3 , less than 4 lb/ft 3 , less than 5 lb/ft 3 , less than 6 lb/ft 3 , less than 7 lb/ft 3 , less than 8 lb/ft 3 , less than 9 lb/ft 3 , less than 10 lb/ft 3 , less than 11 lb/ft 3 , less than 12 lb/ft 3 , less than 13 lb/ft 3 , less than 14 lb/ft 3 , or less than 15 lb/ft 3 . In certain embodiments, one or both of the pads  432  and  434  can have a density of more than 1 lb/ft 3 , more than 2 lb/ft 3 , more than 3 lb/ft 3 , more than 4 lb/ft 3 , more than 5 lb/ft 3 , more than 6 lb/ft 3 , more than 7 lb/ft 3 , more than 8 lb/ft 3 , more than 9 lb/ft 3 , more than 10 lb/ft 3 , more than 11 lb/ft 3 , more than 12 lb/ft 3 , more than 13 lb/ft 3 , more than 14 lb/ft 3 , or more than 15 lb/ft 3 . 
     In certain embodiments, one or both of the pads  432  and  434  can be compressed to between 10% to 90% of its thickness, between 20% to 80% of its thickness, between 30% to 70% of its thickness, or between 40% to 60% of its thickness. In certain embodiments, one or both of the pads  432  and  434  can be compressed to less than 10% of its thickness, less than 20% of its thickness, less than 30% of its thickness, less than 40% of its thickness, less than 50% of its thickness, less than 60% of its thickness, less than 70% of its thickness, less than 80% of its thickness, or less than 90% of its thickness. In certain embodiments, one or both of the pads  432  and  434  can be compressed to more than 10% of its thickness, more than 20% of its thickness, more than 30% of its thickness, more than 40% of its thickness, more than 50% of its thickness, more than 60% of its thickness, more than 70% of its thickness, more than 80% of its thickness, or more than 90% of its thickness 
     In certain embodiments, the material of one or both of the pads  432  and  434  can have a 25% indentation force-deflection measurement between 25 N to 200 N, between 50 N to 175 N, between 75 N to 150 N, or between 100 N to 125 N. In certain embodiments, the material of one or both of the pads  432  and  434  can have a 25% indentation force-deflection measurement of less than 25 N, less than 50 N, less than 75 N, less than 100 N, less than 125 N, less than 150 N, less than 175 N, or less than 200 N. In certain embodiments, the material of one or both of the pads  432  and  434  can have a 25% indentation force-deflection measurement of more than 25 N, more than 50 N, more than 75 N, more than 100 N, more than 125 N, more than 150 N, more than 175 N, or more than 200 N. 
     In certain embodiments, one or both of the pads  432  and  434  may be selected from a plurality of pads for use in the exercise device. For example, one or both of the pads  432  and  434  may be selected from a plurality of pads having different deformation properties. In some embodiments, a pad  432  or  434  having a relatively lower degree of deformability may provide improved force distribution to a user during use of the exercise device  410  in comparison to a pad having a relatively higher degree of deformability. In some embodiments, a pad  432  or  434  having a relatively higher degree of deformability may provide improved comfort to a user in comparison to a pad having a relatively lower degree of deformability. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 23-26 , the pads  432  and  434  are non-inflatable. In certain embodiments, the pads  432  and  434  can each have a non-adjustable volume. In alternative embodiments, the exercise device  410  may include inflatable bladders instead of pads  432  and  434 . In some embodiments, the exercise device  410  can include one of the pads  432  and  434  and an inflatable bladder. For example, the exercise device  410  can include a pad  432  and an inflatable bladder. The inflatable bladder may include any of the features and/or functions of the inflatable bladder  134 . In other embodiments, the exercise device  410  can include a pad  434  and an inflatable bladder. The inflatable bladder can include any of the features and/or functions of the inflatable bladder  132 . 
     The bottom surface  118  of the frame  114  can be shaped or otherwise configured to allow for a rocking motion as described herein with respect to  FIGS. 1-8 . In operation, the rocking action enabled by the arcuate surface works the users abdominal and pelvic muscles while the spine is urged into an elliptical shape. The momentum of the rocking against the urged elliptical shape promotes stretching of the spine which in turn causes longitudinal alignment of the spinal vertebrae and thus provides therapy for reinstating a lordotic arch in the spine as well as aligning the vertebrae along a longitudinal spinal axis. Friction between the back of the user and the pads  432  and  434  can cause forces to be applied to the spine of the user when the rocking action is stopped by contact between a section of the frame  114  and a surface upon which the frame is positioned, as described above, for example, with respect to flat portion  76  of device  10 . In certain embodiments, the pads  432  and  434  can be shapes, sized, or otherwise configured to maintain a desired position of the back during rocking or to impart a desired force to the back during rocking. Through the above-described rocking motion, therapy can be provided without requiring inflation of a bladder. Such embodiments may be advantageous for people with disabilities that prevent or restrict operation of a hand pump. 
     As seen in  FIGS. 23-26 , a body strap attachment  170  may be fitted through corresponding slots  424 ,  426  between the top surface  116  of the frame and fastened in a suitable manner. In some embodiments, the body strap attachment  170  can pass through the frame  114  in a non-fixed relationship. Two ends of the body strap attachment  170 , shown in  FIGS. 23-25 , may include a buckle  172  on one end and a buckle fitting  174  on the other end for adjustably securing the body strap  170  and the frame  114  to the contour of the user&#39;s waist/lumbar spinal region  162 . In some embodiments, tubes  171  may be positioned over portions of the body strap  170 . 
     With reference to  FIGS. 23-25 , there is shown an elongate stirrup strap member  180  having a proximal end and a distal end  186 . The distal end  286  of the elongate stirrup strap member  180  includes at least one loop for fastening the adjustable distal end portion  188  to the stirrup  200 . The elongate stirrup strap member  180  also includes at least one loop for fastening the proximal end  184  to the body strap attachment  170 . A portion of the proximal end  184  can extend into the frame  114  through a slot  185  for coupling with the body strap attachment  170 .  FIGS. 23-25  illustrate the stirrup  200  as annulus  204  attached to the adjustable stirrup strap distal end portion  188 . As best seen in  FIG. 24 , the annulus  204  stirrup is shown with a partition  206  and a support for each foot  190  which aligns each leg  192  with the pelvis and spine while applying decompression force  194  to the spine. 
     In some embodiments, a decompression and traction system can impart the desired lordotic shape into the cervical region of the spine and counteract hyper-kyphosis of the area of the upper thoracic spine. Some systems can be used to work the spine and surrounding tissue to promote fluid and cellular exchange in and around the intervertebral discs. 
     In some embodiments, a device for decompression and traction comprises a frame, a first substantially ellipsoidal inflatable bladder transversely in a neck support cradle carried by the frame, a second inflatable bladder supported on the neck support cradle carried by the frame and configured to provide a force vector against the upper thoracic spine when inflated, one or more restraining straps for securing the device to the user&#39;s head such that the first and second bladders are disposed against the back of the neck under a stress point in the cervical spine and against the hyper-kyphotic upper thoracic spine, respectively. Controlled inflation of the bladders by the user by a hand-held pump causes a controlled lifting and a stretching of the cervical and thoracic spine. As the first bladder is inflated, the configuration of the first bladder causes the first bladder to expand vertically and, to a lesser extent, transversely. The vertical expansion lifts the spine, creating a spinal apex while the transverse expansion of the bladder applies an angular traction to the neck on both sides of the apex. As the second bladder is inflated, preferably simultaneously, the configuration of the second bladder causes the second bladder to expand vertically and transversely. The vertical and transverse expansion lifts the spine and applies an angular traction to the thoracic region. 
     By controlling the inflation of the bladders, the user can control the lifting and stretching of the spine and incrementally increase the magnitude of spinal arc and decompression of the cervical and thoracic regions to his or her own tolerance. As the bladders are repetitively inflated to the tolerance of the user and deflated, the cervical spine is alternatively and actively forced from a lesser arc to a greater or hyper-lordotic arc and the hyper-kyphotic arc of the upper thoracic spine is simultaneously reduced and decompressed, thereby promoting nutrient transport to the intervertebral discs while simultaneously increasing the cervical lordotic arc and decreasing the thoracic hyper-kyphosis. These decompression and traction systems and related methods are described in greater detail below. 
     Referring now to the drawings, as shown in  FIGS. 27-31 , according to one embodiment, a traction device  510  comprises a frame  512 , openings or slots  514  configured to receive one or more straps to restrain the forehead and/or chin of a user, a first inflatable air bladder  516 , a second inflatable air bladder  518 , and an air pump assembly  520 . 
     The frame  512  is preferably molded of a durable plastic material in a tubular configuration so as to define a pair of side members  522  and  524  curved and meeting at an apex  526 , and a transverse neck support  528 . The frame side members  522  and  524  preferably form a stable base. The neck support  528  preferably comprises vertically extending portions  530  and  532  which project upwardly from the side members  522  and  524  respectively and project inwardly to define inwardly directed raised lateral portions  534  and  536 . A neck cradle  538  extends transversely between portions  534  and  536 , spanning frame side members  522  and  524 . In some embodiments, the frame can be provided with side members that are not connected at an apex  526 , such as in some embodiments where side members are shorter. 
     The first and second air bladders  516  and  518  are preferably configured for inflation and simultaneous application of force to the cervical and thoracic spine, when the patient is in a treatment position, to decompressed the spine into its proper lordotic or curved configuration (&lt;∧&gt;) with −Y+Z+Y force vectors being applied to the cervical spine while the hyper-kyphotic area of the upper thoracic spine is simultaneously decompressed with a combination +Z/−Y force mid-vector. The cervical spine&#39;s lordotic curve is powerfully decompressed and enhanced while the thoracic hyper-kyphosis is simultaneously reduced. In some embodiments, the devices, systems and methods described herein use the entire cervical spine including the occiput (base of skull) as the first anchor point and the upper thoracic spine as the second point. The pneumatic air chambers can directly contact the cervical spine/occiput and the upper 25%-40% of the thoracic spine. The first and second inflatable bladders  516 ,  518 , are described in more detail below. 
     To provide selective inflation and deflation of the first and second inflatable bladders  516 ,  518 , a flexible air line  540  of the air pump assembly  520  communicates the interior of the first and second inflatable bladders  516 ,  518  with a hand-operated air pump  542 . In other embodiments an automated pump can be used. A pressure relief valve  544  is preferably disposed between the air line  540  and pump  542 . Air line  540  preferably extends from the relief valve  544  through an opening in the neck support  528  and communicates with the first and second inflatable bladders  516 ,  518 . In some embodiments, the air can be communicated through openings formed in the underside or ends of the bladders. In some embodiments, a valve  546 , such as a multi-directional metering valve, shown in  FIGS. 31 and 32  for example, can be coupled with the air line  540  and can direct air to the first and second inflatable bladders  516 ,  518 . In some embodiments the valve  546  comprises different lumen diameters to vary the air flow directed to the opposing traction pneumatic air chambers of the first and second inflatable bladders  516 ,  518 . Different valve components can be used to adjust the amount or flow of air to the respective pneumatic air chambers. While air is an example fluid used in the pneumatic decompression described herein, other suitable fluids can be used to increase or decrease the volume of the bladders, including using liquids in some embodiments. In some embodiments, a two pump system can be employed to alternate or unevenly inflate the pneumatic air chambers. In some embodiments, a single complex multi-vectored cell or bladder can be used in place of two individual cells. 
     According to one embodiment, by way of example, a frame  512  of a traction device  510  defines a spacing of about nine inches between the curved side members  522  and  524  at a wide portion with the side members coming together at the apex  526  of the frame. The frame  512  is preferably between about 11 to 17 inches in length in some embodiments. The frame  512  preferably elevates the neck support  528  about 0.5 to about 1.5 inches above the floor or surface. In such a configuration, the frame  512  preferably bears against the floor or surface during use and reduces the tendency of the frame to twist about its transverse axis. The cradle  538  in neck support  528  preferably tapers from an elevation of about 3 inches above the floor proximate side members  522  and  524  to a central elevation of about 2.5 inches. 
     The first expandable bladder  516  is preferably coupled to and carried by the neck support  528  in the cradle  538  defined therein. The first expandable bladder  516  is preferably secured in place as will be described further herein. The lateral portions  534  and  536  of neck support  528  are preferably provided with oppositely facing recesses formed therein adjacent the lateral ends of cradle  538  for receiving the extended ends of the first expandable bladder  516  to facilitate retention and alignment of the bladder on the cradle  538 . 
     According to some embodiments, the upper portion of the first expandable bladder  516  is of a generally semi-ellipsoidal configuration having relatively pointed ends similar to the upper half of a football bladder. In one preferred bladder configuration, the underside of the first expandable bladder  516  is formed with undercut portions so as to define a central depending portion. At least a portion of the cradle is preferably configured to receive the underside of the first expandable bladder  516 . Preferably, the first expandable bladder  516 , when inflated, will expand upwardly from the cradle  538  to a slightly greater extent than in a transverse direction. Additionally, in some embodiments, provision of the depending portion on the underside of the bladder provides a cushioning effect under the apex of the expanded bladder which bears against the user&#39;s neck, making the device more comfortable for the user. Thus, as the bladder is inflated under and against the user&#39;s neck, it expands vertically and transversely, lifting the spine to create a spinal apex and applying an angular traction to the neck on both sides of the spinal apex. The amount of traction exerted in the vertical direction, however, will be somewhat greater than that exerted longitudinally to obtain the vertical lift necessary to restore the normal lordotic shape to the cervical region of the spine without overly tractioning the neck longitudinally. 
     In some embodiments, the first inflatable bladder  516  is constructed of an expandable material such as neoprene rubber, defines a length of between about 8 to 10 inches, a height of about 3 to 4 inches in an uninflated state, and depending on the configuration of the bladder a transverse width of about 3 inches. In some embodiments, the bladder  516  is constructed of a material that resists expansion. In some embodiments, the bladder  516  is constructed of a heat-sealable urethane with 200 Denier nylon. The bladder  516  can comprise a cover of any suitable material, including, for example, a neoprene material. The semi-ellipsoidal upper portion of the first inflatable bladder  516 , when inflated, defines a transverse arc of about 4 inches in length about the center of the bladder. It is to be understood that these dimensions are by way of example only and can be varied, as can the configuration of the frame, straps, and first and second bladders without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, in some embodiments the bladder  116  can have a length of between about 6 to 9 inches, a height of about 2 to 3 inches in a deflated state, a height of about 3 to 4 inches in an inflated state. In some embodiments a deflated circumference of the bladder is about 4 inches and an inflated circumference of the bladder is between about 7 and 8 inches. In an inflated configuration, the bladder  116  can be taller than it is wide, for example, it can be approximately 4 inches tall and approximately 3 inches wide when inflated in some embodiments. 
     The second expandable bladder  518  is coupled to and carried by the neck support  528 . The second expandable bladder  518  is preferably adjustable in some embodiments to accommodate patient anatomy and align with desired force vector directions as will be described further herein. The lateral portions  534  and  536  of neck support  528  are preferably configured with recesses formed therein for receiving the extended ends  548 , shown in  FIG. 33 , of the second expandable bladder  518  to facilitate retention and alignment of the bladder on the neck support  528 . 
     According to some embodiments, the second expandable bladder  518  is of a generally semi-ellipsoidal configuration having a relatively curved portion upon inflation for engaging a portion of the thoracic spine. Preferably, the second expandable bladder  518 , when inflated, will expand about the same amount transversely and upwardly from the neck support  528 . In some embodiments, the second expandable bladder  518  when inflated expands more transversely than upwardly. In some embodiments, the second expandable bladder  518  when inflated expands more upwardly than transversely. Thus, as the second expandable bladder  518  is inflated under and against the user&#39;s thoracic spine, it expands transversely and vertically, lifting the spine to counter hyper-kyphosis and applying an angular traction to the thoracic spine. The amount of traction exerted in the longitudinal direction, preferably, will be similar to the amount of lift exerted vertically to obtain the necessary decompression and lift to restore the normal shape to the thoracic region of the spine. 
     In some embodiments, the second inflatable bladder  518  is constructed of an expandable material such as neoprene rubber, defines a length of between about 8 to 10 inches, a height of about 3 to 4 inches in an uninflated state, and depending on the configuration of the bladder a transverse width of about 3 inches. In some embodiments, the bladder  518  is constructed of a material that resists expansion. In some embodiments, the bladder  518  is constructed of a heat-sealable urethane with 200 Denier nylon. The bladder  518  can comprise a cover of any suitable material, including, for example, a neoprene material. The second inflatable bladder  518 , when inflated, defines a transverse arc of about 4 inches in length about the center of the bladder. It is to be understood that these dimensions are by way of example only and can be varied without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, in some embodiments the bladder  518  can have a length of about 9 inches where it is coupled to the frame, a length of between about 6 and 7 inches where the bladder  518  contacts the patient. The bladder  518  can have a height of about 3 to 4 inches. The bladder  518  can have a circumference of about 6 to 7 inches. 
     In some embodiments the bladders preferably have a finite shape and expand while being filled until the bladders reach the finite shape. Once the bladder has been filled to the finite shape, the pressure release valve of the pump assembly allows for gas or fluid to escape from the system to maintain a desired pressure within the bladder. The pressure release valve is preferably an automatic pressure release valve. The system preferably also comprises a manual release valve, such as a push button release valve. The desired pressure is preferably held at a proven clinical level. In some embodiments the pressure release valve is configured to maintain a pressure of about 8 psi. At a pressure of about 8 psi the system preferably provides over 50 pounds of tractional force. In some embodiments the tractional force preferably is between about 50 and 60 pounds of tractional force. 
     While the above described bladder configurations are preferred, it is to be understood that other configurations of expandable bladders could be employed in the present invention, either with or without an expansion controlling casing to provide the desired lifting and traction of the user&#39;s neck and spine. Moreover, in some embodiments, mechanically expandable components can be used in place of the first and second bladders. Mechanically expandable components can be coupled to the frame and selectively expanded to apply force vectors to the cervical and thoracic spine in a manner similar to those produced by the expandable bladders as described herein. For example, in some embodiments an expanding mechanical component within a cushioned cover can be selectively actuated to provide the desired force distribution. 
     In some embodiments, one or more of the first and second expandable bladders  516 ,  518  are of a tubular configuration and are disposed in a non-expandable casing, preferably constructed of a vinyl or other suitable material. The casing is preferably formed in the above described generally ellipsoidal configurations. As the tubular bladder expands upon inflation, the expansion is limited by the configuration of the casing to provide the desired increase in the vertical and transverse directions. 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 8 , the first expandable bladder  516  is preferably rotatably secured to the neck support  528 . The first expandable bladder  516  can be tilted in a forward position, a backward position, or maintained in a central position. In some embodiments, the bladder can be locked into a desired position. Providing a rotatable first expandable bladder  516  preferably provides mobility for the pneumatic air chamber to comfortably accommodate various spinal configurations. In some embodiments, the second expandable bladder  518  can be rotatably secured to the neck support  528 . 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIGS. 34 and 35 , a spacer component  550  is preferably configured to be selectively coupled to the frame  512  to adjust a position of a second inflatable bladder  518 . The spacer component can be attached to the frame and can allow clinicians and users to increase the negative Y directional component of the lower pneumatic air chamber. In one embodiment, the spacer component comprises an pneumatic air chamber or bladder engaging face  552 , a notched connector portion  554  and opposing side portions  556 . Other spacer configurations can be used to modify the directional component of the second inflatable bladder  518 . 
       FIGS. 36A-F  are illustrative views of a patient&#39;s spine in multiple configurations, including some embodiments of decompression and traction systems in use in deflated and inflated configurations.  FIG. 36A  shows a patient with cervical curve loss, forward head carriage, and disc compression.  FIG. 36B  shows a patient with normal spinal curves.  FIGS. 36C and 36D  show a patient and one embodiment of a decompression system  510  having a chin and forehead restraint, wherein the views show the decompression system  510  in a deflated configuration and an inflated configuration, respectively.  FIGS. 36E and 36F  show a patient and another embodiment of a decompression system  510  having a forehead restraint, wherein the views show the decompression system  510  in a deflated configuration and an inflated configuration, respectively. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 36C-F , restraint straps  558  and/or  560  can be secured at the ends thereof to one or more of slots  514 . Straps can be passed under the user&#39;s chin and over the user&#39;s forehead in some embodiments. In other embodiments, a strap can be passed over the user&#39;s forehead only. The straps can be secured and fastened in any suitable manner. For example, interlocking hook and loop type fasteners, snaps, buckles or other fasteners can be used. According to some embodiments, the traction device  510  can be easily and securely affixed to the user&#39;s head with a strap configuration such that with the user lying flat on his or her back on a horizontal surface, the frame  512  rests on the surface and the neck support  528  is disposed under the user&#39;s neck and tapered ends  562  of the frame side members  522 ,  524  are substantially adjacent the user&#39;s shoulders and generally near the upper thoracic region. The tightness of the securement of the device  510  to the user&#39;s head can be readily adjusted as needed by the securement straps  558 ,  560 . 
     In some embodiments, the system preferably comprises a frame made of virgin acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic material. ABS is an engineering thermoplastic that is advantageous due to its strength, toughness, chemical resistance, and ability to maintain necessary stiffness. The expandable pneumatic air chambers are preferably made of heat-sealable urethane with 200 Denier nylon. The expandable pneumatic air chambers preferably have a neoprene cover. The facial straps are preferably made of a durable and waterproof neoprene material. The hand pump and tubing are preferably made of rubber/plastic. Other embodiments can include different materials. 
     According to some embodiments, the system is lightweight (for example, about 3 lbs), portable, easy to operate, requires no assembly, no weights, cables or ropes to set-up, comes with choice of ballistic nylon carrying case or educational box, instruction page and instructional DVD. In one embodiment, the device comprises a built-in frame, an expanding elliptical pneumatic air chamber (with neoprene cover) that creates radial tractional force and thoracic decompressive force, a patient-controlled pneumatic hand pump with a push button release and automatic safety valve connected to approximately 30 inches of tubing, and one dual action head restraint designed for patients who suffer with TMJ (does not aggravate temporomandibular joint), which comprises an adjustable forehead strap, and a removable chin strap (which is optional in some other embodiments). 
     Accordingly to one aspect disclosed herein, methods for pneumatic radial traction can restore the cervical and thoracic spine to the proper configuration. Pneumatic radial traction, also known in some embodiments as expanding ellipsoidal decompression (EED), is a process in which joints of the cervical spine are pneumatically tractioned and simultaneously aligned into the cervical spine&#39;s proper radial or curved configuration. A major clinical difference between some embodiments of a pneumatic radial traction device disclosed herein and some prior art devices is that the prior art devices flatten or reverse the proper cervical curve to attain joint separation. In some embodiments, a pneumatic radial traction device enhances or maintains the proper cervical curve while attaining over twice the joint separation as some prior art devices. 
     With reference to  FIGS. 36A and 36B , in the upright position, the cervical “lordotic” curve is what allows the weight of the head (10-15 lbs.) to be directed toward the hard boney posterior articular surfaces of the neck rather than toward the softer anterior discs as in the compressed neck. Through modern healthcare imaging it can be seen that that loss of the normal forward cervical curve (approx.43°) and the resulting anterior disc compression this causes, was a contributing factor in osteophyte formation (Wolff&#39;s Law), posterior disc bulging, disc herniation, disc degeneration, neck pain and loss in cervical range of motion. 
     With reference to  FIGS. 36C to 36F , pneumatic radial traction separates and simultaneously aligns the spinal joints in a curved or radial configuration. In some embodiments, an elliptical pneumatic air chamber directs multi-vectored expansive forces from within the posterior spinal concavity (back of neck), vertically (+Z axis translation) and in both horizontal directions. The spine is simultaneously tractioned in three main directions. The radial configuration created by these multi-vectored forces produces high level joint separation at the posterior, middle and anterior of the disc while forcefully enhancing the cervical spine&#39;s proper curve, rather than flattening or reversing the curve. Pneumatic radial traction is preferably achieved when the joints are separated by a vertical displacement greater than the horizontal displacement, however, displacement of equal height and width is also advantageous in some embodiments. An advantage of a pneumatic radial traction device is that it does not flatten or reverse the proper cervical curve while attaining joint separation. In some embodiments, the system provides a traction device with multiple fulcrums. For example, at least two fulcrums are provided to provide treatment to the cervical and thoracic spine of the patient. 
     As the head is stabilized in the cervical device, joints are actively tractioned in 3 main directions instead of one or two. The cervical spine is tractioned vertically along the +Z axis with a pneumatic force of over 58 lbs. This force expands into and against the posterior cervical concavity. Simultaneously the spine is tractioned horizontally in the two traditional directions (+Y and −Y) with a pneumatic force of over 40-lbs in each direction. These forces expand against the occiput and against the upper thoracic region. The combination of these simultaneously applied pneumatic forces produce radial traction. When fully inflated the elliptical pneumatic cell expands to a 7.5 inch radius, affecting the entire cervical spine. High level joint traction occurs at the posterior, center and anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies in a ratio coinciding with the discs&#39; natural wedged spacing. While the pneumatic radial traction device separates the posterior of the joints to a magnitude typical of traditional traction, it separates the overall disc more than twice as much as linear traction. 
     With the simultaneous application of two separate pneumatic air chambers the cervical spine is decompressed into its proper lordotic or curved configuration (&lt;∧&gt;) with −Y+Z+Y force vectors while the hyper kyphotic area of the upper thoracic spine is simultaneously decompressed with a combination +Z/−Y force mid-vector. The cervical spine&#39;s lordotic curve is powerfully decompressed and enhanced while the thoracic hyper-kyphosis is simultaneously reduced. 
     Continuous expansion and contraction of the pneumatic air chambers can be employed to create alternating hydration and milking of the intervertebral discs, activating their sponge-like imbibition action. Holding the air pressure constant over a period of 15 to 20 minutes has the effect of simultaneously molding the spine into a curved or elliptical shape, decompressing discs and relaxing the dura, cord and nerve-roots in the cervical canal. 
     Embodiments described herein are preferably prescribed for patients with chronic neck pain due to a musculoskeletal or neurological impairment. The system applies radial tractional force to the cervical spine, enhancing the cervical lordotic curve while achieving high level joint separation at the anterior, center and posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and discs in a ratio corresponding with their natural wedged spacing, reducing disc protrusions, compression and increasing range of motion. In some applications, devices advantageously decrease pain in chronic neck pain patients, decrease headaches and increase range of motion while reducing the necessity for chronic pain medication and neck surgery. 
     With continued reference to  FIGS. 36A-36F , according to some embodiments in use, the traction device  510  rests on a horizontal surface such that the neck support  528  projects upwardly therefrom. The user lies on the device in a prone position such that the back of the neck rests on the deflated first expandable bladder  516  carried in the cradle  538  of the neck support  528 . The deflated second expandable bladder  518  is positioned between the neck support  528  and portions of the thoracic spine of the user. The chin and/or forehead restraining restraint straps are respectively extended under the user&#39;s chin and/or about the user&#39;s forehead and secured, thereby affixing the traction device  510  to the user such that the neck and cervical spine extend over the neck support and first expandable bladder  516  and the thoracic spine is adjacent the second expandable bladder  518 . According to one preferred embodiment, the outward extension of the neck support  528  is relatively slight so that when the bladder is in the deflated position with the forehead and chin restraints secured, very little or no force is exerted on the neck by the neck support. This is achieved by elevating the neck support  528  above the frame such that the neck cradle  538  formed therein is about 2 to 3 inches above the floor or other horizontal surface on which the device  510  is used. The first expandable bladder  516  is sized such that upon full inflation, the apex of the curved upper surface of the bladder will extend about 5 inches above the floor or surface. The second expandable bladder  518  is sized such that upon full inflation, a surface of the second expandable bladder engaging the thoracic spine will extend toward the thoracic spine about 2 to 3 inches in the −Y/+Z direction. 
     In some embodiments, as the user slowly inflates the first and second inflatable bladders  516 ,  518  using the air pump  542 , the first inflatable bladder  516  expands upwardly and, to a lesser extent, transversely, thereby forcing the cervical spine forwardly creating a spinal apex while concurrently stretching the spine angularly along both sides of the formed spinal apex. The second inflatable bladder  518  expands transversely in the −Y direction, thereby forcing the thoracic spine forwardly to offset the effects of hyper-khyphosis. The user then continues to inflate the first and second bladders  516  and  518  until his or her individual tolerance level is reached. The bladders are then deflated by use of the one way valve  544 . The process is preferably repeated several times, slowly increasing the spinal arc in the cervical region and placing pressure on the thoracic region as the level of tolerance increases. In addition, the first and second bladders  516  and  518  can be held in an inflated state at or slightly below the level of tolerance for varying periods of time up to ten to twenty minutes. Through such repetition, the cervical spine, thoracic spine and surrounding tissue receive a workout promoting cellular exchange in and around the intervertebral disc and a forward curve is reinstated into the cervical spine while achieving proper spine configuration in the thoracic region.  FIGS. 36A-36F  illustrate the effects of the traction and exercise devices  110  of some embodiments on the cervical and thoracic spine. 
     With reference to  FIGS. 37-40 , an adjustable spacer component  550  can be provided in some implementations of a traction system  510  to provide for lateral flexion traction. For example,  FIG. 37  is a schematic top view of a patient positioned on another embodiment of a decompression and traction system, showing pneumatic air chambers comprising first and second inflatable bladders  516 ,  518  and an adjustable wedge-shaped spacer component  550  configured to be selectively coupled to the frame to adjust a position of the second inflatable bladder, in the shown configuration the spacer component is in a vertical orientation and adjusts the position of the second inflatable bladder to provide an even distribution of force generally along a force vector in the −Y and +Z plane without providing any lateral flexion traction to the patient. 
       FIG. 38  shows a configuration wherein the spacer component is moved to adjust the position of the second inflatable bladder to provide an uneven distribution of force on one side of the patient in that a force vector is directed, for example, in a −Y, +Z, and −X direction. For example, the spacer component is turned or rotated to a horizontal position, whereby the wedge shape of the spacer contacts the second inflatable bladder and causes the bladder to deflect in one lateral direction more than another lateral direction. As shown, the spacer is placed in right horizontal position and causes more deflection on the right side of the patient. In other configurations, the spacer can be positioned in a left horizontal position to cause more deflection on the left side of the patient. Based on the positioning of the spacer, the second bladder can expand in an angular direction. Turning the spacer component sideways creates lateral flexion traction by forcing the shoulder/trapezius down while the head is held in traction. 
       FIG. 39  is a bottom view of the embodiment of  FIG. 37  and shows the spacer component in a vertical position that adjusts the position of the second inflatable bladder to provide an even distribution of force generally along a force vector in the −Y and +Z plane, but does not direct force laterally in a −X or +X direction.  FIG. 40  is a bottom view of the embodiment of  FIG. 37 , showing a configuration wherein the spacer component is moved to adjust the position of the second inflatable bladder to provide an uneven distribution of force to a patient in that a force vector is directed, for example, in a −Y, +Z, and −X direction as described in connection with  FIG. 38 . The lower linear displacement pneumatic air chamber is adjusted with a rotating wedge shaped spacer component, allowing clinicians to increase the angle and force of the mid (−Y)/(+Z) vector of this pneumatic air chamber. When adjusted to the right or left horizontal position, the rotating wedge allows clinicians to unilaterally increase and rotate the (−Y) directional component on either the right or left side (+/−X) of the upper thoracic region, producing lateral flexion traction. The rotating wedge shaped spacer component can be removed in some implementations to accommodate extreme kyphotic thoracic spines. 
     In some embodiments, the device comprises a frame, a first substantially ellipsoidal inflatable bladder transversely in a neck support cradle carried by the frame, a second inflatable bladder supported on the neck support cradle carried by the frame and configured to provide a force vector against the upper thoracic spine when inflated, a third inflatable bladder supported on the neck support cradle carried by the frame and configured to provide a force vector against the occiput when inflated, one or more restraining straps for securing the device to the user&#39;s head such that the first and second bladders are disposed against the back of the neck under a stress point in the cervical spine and against the hyper-kyphotic upper thoracic spine, respectively. Controlled inflation of the bladders by the user by a hand-held pump causes a controlled lifting and a stretching of the cervical and thoracic spine and decompression of the occipital-cervical junction. As the first bladder is inflated, the configuration of the first bladder causes the first bladder to expand vertically and, to a lesser extent, transversely. The vertical expansion lifts the spine, creating a spinal apex while the transverse expansion of the bladder applies an angular traction to the neck on both sides of the apex. As the second bladder is inflated, preferably simultaneously, the configuration of the second bladder causes the second bladder to expand vertically and transversely. The vertical and transverse expansion lifts the spine and applies an angular traction to the thoracic region. As the third bladder is inflated, preferably simultaneously, the configuration of the third bladder causes the third bladder to expand vertically and transversely. The vertical and transverse expansion lifts the head and applies an angular traction to the occiput. 
     By controlling the inflation of the bladders, the user can control the lifting and stretching of the spine and incrementally increase the magnitude of spinal arc and decompression of the cervical region, thoracic region, and occipital-cervical junction to his or her own tolerance. As the bladders are repetitively inflated to the tolerance of the user and deflated, the cervical spine is alternatively and actively forced from a lesser arc to a greater or hyper-lordotic arc, the hyper-kyphotic arc of the upper thoracic spine is simultaneously reduced and decompressed, and the occipital-cervical junction is simultaneously decompressed, thereby promoting nutrient transport to the intervertebral discs while simultaneously increasing the cervical lordotic arc and decreasing the thoracic hyper-kyphosis. These decompression and traction systems and related methods are described in greater detail below. 
     Referring now to the drawings, as shown in  FIGS. 41-45 , according to one embodiment, a traction device  610  comprises the frame  512 , openings or slots  514  configured to receive one or more straps to restrain the forehead and/or chin of a user, the first inflatable air bladder  516 , the second inflatable air bladder  518 , a third inflatable bladder  519 , and an air pump assembly  520 . 
     The frame  512  is preferably molded of a durable plastic material in a tubular configuration so as to define a pair of side members  522  and  524  curved and meeting at an apex  526 , and a transverse neck support  528 . The frame side members  522  and  524  preferably form a stable base. The neck support  528  preferably comprises vertically extending portions  530  and  532  which project upwardly from the side members  522  and  524  respectively and project inwardly to define inwardly directed raised lateral portions  534  and  536 . A neck cradle  538  extends transversely between portions  534  and  536 , spanning frame side members  522  and  524 . In some embodiments, the frame can be provided with side members that are not connected at an apex  526 , such as in some embodiments where side members are shorter. 
     The first, second, and third air bladders  516 ,  518 , and  519  are preferably configured for inflation and simultaneous application of force to the cervical spine, the thoracic spine, and the occiput, when the patient is in a treatment position, to decompress the spine into its proper lordotic or curved configuration (&lt;∧&gt;) with −Y+Z+Y force vectors being applied to the cervical spine while the hyper-kyphotic area of the upper thoracic spine is simultaneously decompressed with a combination +Z/−Y force mid-vector and +Z/+Y force vectors are applied to the occiput to decompress the occipital-cervical junction. The cervical spine&#39;s lordotic curve is powerfully decompressed and enhanced while the thoracic hyper-kyphosis is simultaneously reduced. In some embodiments, the devices, systems and methods described herein use the entire cervical spine as a first anchor point, the upper thoracic spine as a second point, and the occiput as a third anchor point. The pneumatic air chambers can directly contact the cervical spine, the upper 25%-40% of the thoracic spine, and the occiput. The first, second, and third inflatable bladders  516 ,  518 , and  519  are described in more detail below. 
     To provide selective inflation and deflation of the first, second, and third inflatable bladders  516 ,  518 , and  519 , a flexible air line  540  of the air pump assembly  520  communicates the interior of the first, second, and third inflatable bladders  516 ,  518 , and  519  with a hand-operated air pump  542 . In other embodiments an automated pump or electronic pump can be used. The electronic pump may be part of an electronic pump system. In certain embodiments, the electronic pump system can include a processor configured to execute one or more software applications that cause the electronic pump to fill one or more of the first, second, and third inflatable bladders  516 ,  518 , and  519 . In certain embodiments, the electronic pump can be configured to inflate one or more of the first, second, and third inflatable bladders  516 ,  518 , and  519  to one or more predefined or user selected inflation amounts. For example, in some embodiments, the software applications allow for selective inflation of one or more of the first, second, and third inflatable bladders  516 ,  518 , and  519  to low, medium, and/or high amounts of inflation. In certain embodiments, the electronic pump system can include a user interface that allows a user to select and/or control one or more settings of the pump. For example, the user interface can allow for a selection of one or more of the first, second, and third inflatable bladders  516 ,  518 , and  519  for inflation. In some embodiments, the user interface can allow for a selection of one or more inflation amounts for each inflatable bladder. In certain embodiments, the user interface can be provided on the electronic pump. In some embodiments, the user interface can be provided on an external device. 
     A pressure relief valve  544  is preferably disposed between the air line  540  and pump  542 . Air line  540  preferably extends from the relief valve  544  through an opening in the neck support  528  and communicates with the first and second inflatable bladders  516 ,  518 . In some embodiments, the air can be communicated through openings formed in the underside or ends of the bladders. In some embodiments, a valve  646 , such as a multi-directional metering valve, shown in  FIGS. 45 and 46  for example, can be coupled with the air line  540  and can direct air to the first, second, and third inflatable bladders  516 ,  518 , and  519 . In some embodiments the valve  646  comprises different lumen diameters to vary the air flow directed to the opposing traction pneumatic air chambers of the first, second, and third inflatable bladders  516 ,  518 , and  519 . Different valve components can be used to adjust the amount or flow of air to the respective pneumatic air chambers. While air is an example fluid used in the pneumatic decompression described herein, other suitable fluids can be used to increase or decrease the volume of the bladders, including using liquids in some embodiments. In some embodiments, a two pump system or a three pump system can be employed to alternate or unevenly inflate the pneumatic air chambers. For example, in some embodiments, a first pump can be employed to inflate the first inflatable bladder  516  and a second pump can be employed to inflate the second and third inflatable bladders  518  and  519 . In some embodiments, a first pump can be employed to inflate the first and second inflatable bladders  516  and  518  and a second pump can be employed to inflate the third inflatable bladder  519 . In some embodiments, a pump can be employed to inflate the first and third inflatable bladders  516  and  519  and a second pump can be employed to inflate the second inflatable bladder  518 . In some embodiments, a single complex multi-vectored cell or bladder can be used in place of three individual cells. In some embodiments, a single complex multi-vectored cell or bladder can be used in place of two of three inflatable bladders  516 ,  518 , and  519 . For example, in some embodiments, a single complex multi-vectored cell or bladder can be used in place of the first and second inflatable bladders  516  and  518 . In some embodiments, a single complex multi-vectored cell or bladder can be used in place of the first and third inflatable bladders  516  and  519 . 
     According to one embodiment, by way of example, a frame  512  of a traction device  510  defines a spacing of about nine inches between the curved side members  522  and  524  at a wide portion with the side members coming together at the apex  526  of the frame. The frame  512  is preferably between about 11 to 17 inches in length in some embodiments. The frame  512  preferably elevates the neck support  528  about 0.5 to about 1.5 inches above the floor or surface. In such a configuration, the frame  512  preferably bears against the floor or surface during use and reduces the tendency of the frame to twist about its transverse axis. The cradle  538  in neck support  528  preferably tapers from an elevation of about 3 inches above the floor proximate side members  522  and  524  to a central elevation of about 2.5 inches. 
     The first expandable bladder  516  is preferably coupled to and carried by the neck support  528  in the cradle  538  defined therein. The first expandable bladder  516  is preferably secured in place as will be described further herein. The lateral portions  534  and  536  of neck support  528  are preferably provided with oppositely facing recesses formed therein adjacent the lateral ends of cradle  538  for receiving the extended ends of the first expandable bladder  516  to facilitate retention and alignment of the bladder on the cradle  538 . 
     According to some embodiments, the upper portion of the first expandable bladder  516  is of a generally semi-ellipsoidal configuration having relatively pointed ends similar to the upper half of a football bladder. In one preferred bladder configuration, the underside of the first expandable bladder  516  is formed with undercut portions so as to define a central depending portion. At least a portion of the cradle is preferably configured to receive the underside of the first expandable bladder  516 . Preferably, the first expandable bladder  516 , when inflated, will expand upwardly from the cradle  538  to a slightly greater extent than in a transverse direction. Additionally, in some embodiments, provision of the depending portion on the underside of the bladder provides a cushioning effect under the apex of the expanded bladder which bears against the user&#39;s neck, making the device more comfortable for the user. Thus, as the bladder is inflated under and against the user&#39;s neck, it expands vertically and transversely, lifting the spine to create a spinal apex and applying an angular traction to the neck on both sides of the spinal apex. The amount of traction exerted in the vertical direction, however, will be somewhat greater than that exerted longitudinally to obtain the vertical lift necessary to restore the normal lordotic shape to the cervical region of the spine without overly tractioning the neck longitudinally. 
     In some embodiments, the first inflatable bladder  516  is constructed of an expandable material such as neoprene rubber, defines a length of between about 8 to 10 inches, a height of about 3 to 4 inches in an uninflated state, and depending on the configuration of the bladder a transverse width of about 3 inches. In some embodiments, the bladder  516  is constructed of a material that resists expansion. In some embodiments, the bladder  516  is constructed of a heat-sealable urethane with 200 Denier nylon. The bladder  516  can comprise a cover of any suitable material, including, for example, a neoprene material. The semi-ellipsoidal upper portion of the first inflatable bladder  516 , when inflated, defines a transverse arc of about 4 inches in length about the center of the bladder. It is to be understood that these dimensions are by way of example only and can be varied, as can the configuration of the frame, straps, and first and second bladders without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, in some embodiments the bladder  516  can have a length of between about 6 to 9 inches, a height of about 2 to 3 inches in a deflated state, a height of about 3 to 4 inches in an inflated state. In some embodiments a deflated circumference of the bladder is about 4 inches and an inflated circumference of the bladder is between about 7 and 8 inches. In an inflated configuration, the bladder  516  can be taller than it is wide, for example, it can be approximately 4 inches tall and approximately 3 inches wide when inflated in some embodiments. 
     The second expandable bladder  518  is coupled to and carried by the neck support  528 . The second expandable bladder  518  is preferably adjustable in some embodiments to accommodate patient anatomy and align with desired force vector directions as will be described further herein. The lateral portions  534  and  536  of neck support  528  are preferably configured with recesses formed therein for receiving the extended ends  548 , for example, as described with respect to  FIG. 7 , of the second expandable bladder  518  to facilitate retention and alignment of the bladder on the neck support  528 . 
     According to some embodiments, the second expandable bladder  518  is of a generally semi-ellipsoidal configuration having a relatively curved portion upon inflation for engaging a portion of the thoracic spine. Preferably, the second expandable bladder  518 , when inflated, will expand about the same amount transversely and upwardly from the neck support  528 . In some embodiments, the second expandable bladder  518  when inflated expands more transversely than upwardly. In some embodiments, the second expandable bladder  518  when inflated expands more upwardly than transversely. Thus, as the second expandable bladder  518  is inflated under and against the user&#39;s thoracic spine, it expands transversely and vertically, lifting the spine to counter hyper-kyphosis and applying an angular traction to the thoracic spine. The amount of traction exerted in the longitudinal direction, preferably, will be similar to the amount of lift exerted vertically to obtain the necessary decompression and lift to restore the normal shape to the thoracic region of the spine. 
     In some embodiments, the second inflatable bladder  518  is constructed of an expandable material such as neoprene rubber, defines a length of between about 8 to 10 inches, a height of about 3 to 4 inches in an uninflated state, and depending on the configuration of the bladder a transverse width of about 3 inches. In some embodiments, the bladder  518  is constructed of a material that resists expansion. In some embodiments, the bladder  518  is constructed of a heat-sealable urethane with 200 Denier nylon. The bladder  518  can comprise a cover of any suitable material, including, for example, a neoprene material. The second inflatable bladder  518 , when inflated, defines a transverse arc of about 4 inches in length about the center of the bladder. It is to be understood that these dimensions are by way of example only and can be varied without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, in some embodiments the bladder  518  can have a length of about 9 inches where it is coupled to the frame, a length of between about 6 and 7 inches where the bladder  518  contacts the patient. The bladder  518  can have a height of about 3 to 4 inches. The bladder  518  can have a circumference of about 6 to 7 inches. 
     The third expandable bladder  519  is coupled to and carried by the neck support  528 . The third expandable bladder  519  is preferably adjustable in some embodiments to accommodate patient anatomy and align with desired force vector directions as will be described further herein. The lateral portions  534  and  536  of neck support  528  are preferably configured with recesses formed therein for receiving the extended ends  549 , shown in  FIG. 47 , of the third expandable bladder  519  to facilitate retention and alignment of the bladder on the neck support  528 . 
     According to some embodiments, the third expandable bladder  519  is of a generally semi-ellipsoidal configuration having a relatively curved portion upon inflation for engaging a portion of the thoracic spine. Preferably, the third expandable bladder  519 , when inflated, will expand about the same amount transversely and upwardly from the neck support  528 . In some embodiments, the third expandable bladder  519  when inflated expands more transversely than upwardly. In some embodiments, the third expandable bladder  519  when inflated expands more upwardly than transversely. Thus, as the third expandable bladder  519  is inflated under and against the user&#39;s occiput, it expands transversely and vertically, lifting the occiput to apply an angular traction to the occiput. The amount of traction exerted in the longitudinal direction, preferably, will be similar to the amount of lift exerted vertically to decompress the occipital-cervical junction. 
     In some embodiments, the third inflatable bladder  519  is constructed of an expandable material such as neoprene rubber, defines a length of between about 8 to 10 inches, a height of about 3 to 4 inches in an uninflated state, and depending on the configuration of the bladder a transverse width of about 3 inches. In some embodiments, the bladder  519  is constructed of a material that resists expansion. In some embodiments, the bladder  519  is constructed of a heat-sealable urethane with 200 Denier nylon. The bladder  519  can comprise a cover of any suitable material, including, for example, a neoprene material. The third inflatable bladder  519 , when inflated, defines a transverse arc of about 4 inches in length about the center of the bladder. It is to be understood that these dimensions are by way of example only and can be varied without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, in some embodiments the bladder  519  can have a length of about 9 inches where it is coupled to the frame, a length of between about 6 and 7 inches where the bladder  519  contacts the patient. The bladder  519  can have a height of about 3 to 4 inches. The bladder  519  can have a circumference of about 6 to 7 inches. 
     In some embodiments the bladders preferably have a finite shape and expand while being filled until the bladders reach the finite shape. Once the bladder has been filled to the finite shape, the pressure release valve of the pump assembly allows for gas or fluid to escape from the system to maintain a desired pressure within the bladder. The pressure release valve is preferably an automatic pressure release valve. The system preferably also comprises a manual release valve, such as a push button release valve. The desired pressure is preferably held at a proven clinical level. In some embodiments the pressure release valve is configured to maintain a pressure of about 8 psi. At a pressure of about 8 psi the system preferably provides over 50 pounds of tractional force. In some embodiments the tractional force preferably is between about 50 and 60 pounds of tractional force. 
     While the above described bladder configurations are preferred, it is to be understood that other configurations of expandable bladders could be employed in the present invention, either with or without an expansion controlling casing to provide the desired lifting and traction of the user&#39;s neck, spine, and head. Moreover, in some embodiments, mechanically expandable components can be used in place of the first, second, and/or third bladders. Mechanically expandable components can be coupled to the frame and selectively expanded to apply force vectors to the cervical and thoracic spine in a manner similar to those produced by the expandable bladders as described herein. For example, in some embodiments an expanding mechanical component within a cushioned cover can be selectively actuated to provide the desired force distribution. 
     In some embodiments, one or more of the first, second, and third expandable bladders  516 ,  518 , and  519  are of a tubular configuration and are disposed in a non-expandable casing, preferably constructed of a vinyl or other suitable material. The casing is preferably formed in the above described generally ellipsoidal configurations. As the tubular bladder expands upon inflation, the expansion is limited by the configuration of the casing to provide the desired increase in the vertical and transverse directions. 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 48 , the first expandable bladder  516  is preferably rotatably secured to the neck support  528 . The first expandable bladder  516  can be tilted in a forward position, a backward position, or maintained in a central position. In some embodiments, the bladder can be locked into a desired position. Providing a rotatable first expandable bladder  516  preferably provides mobility for the pneumatic air chamber to comfortably accommodate various spinal configurations. In some embodiments, the second expandable bladder  518  can be rotatably secured to the neck support  528 . In some embodiments, the third expandable bladder  519  can be rotatably secured to the neck support  528 . 
     In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 48 , a first spacer component  550 A is preferably configured to be selectively coupled to the frame  512  to adjust a position of a second inflatable bladder  518 . The spacer component can be attached to the frame and can allow clinicians and users to increase the negative Y directional component of the lower pneumatic air chamber. A second spacer component  550 B is preferably coupled to the frame  512  to adjust a position of the third inflatable bladder  519 . The spacer component can be attached to the frame and can allow clinicians and users to increase the positive Y direction of the upper pneumatic air chamber. Each of the spacer components  550 A and  550 B can include the same or generally similar features as the spacer component  550  described with respect to  FIGS. 8 and 9 . For example, in one embodiment, each spacer component comprises an pneumatic air chamber or bladder engaging face  552 , a notched connector portion  554  and opposing side portions  556 . Other spacer configurations can be used to modify the directional component of the second inflatable bladder  518  and the third inflatable bladder  519 . 
       FIGS. 49A and 49B  show a patient and an embodiment of a decompression and traction system  610  having a forehead restraint, wherein the views show the decompression system  610  in an inflated configuration, respectively. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 49A and 49B , restraint straps  558  and/or  560  can be secured at the ends thereof to one or more of slots  514 . Straps can be passed under the user&#39;s chin and over the user&#39;s forehead in some embodiments. In other embodiments, a strap can be passed over the user&#39;s forehead only. The straps can be secured and fastened in any suitable manner. For example, interlocking hook and loop type fasteners, snaps, buckles or other fasteners can be used. According to some embodiments, the traction device  610  can be easily and securely affixed to the user&#39;s head with a strap configuration such that with the user lying flat on his or her back on a horizontal surface, the frame  512  rests on the surface and the neck support  528  is disposed under the user&#39;s neck and tapered ends  562  of the frame side members  522 ,  524  are substantially adjacent the user&#39;s shoulders and generally near the upper thoracic region. The tightness of the securement of the device  510  to the user&#39;s head can be readily adjusted as needed by the securement straps  558 ,  560 . 
     In some embodiments, the system preferably comprises a frame made of virgin acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic material. ABS is an engineering thermoplastic that is advantageous due to its strength, toughness, chemical resistance, and ability to maintain necessary stiffness. The expandable pneumatic air chambers are preferably made of heat-sealable urethane with 200 Denier nylon. The expandable pneumatic air chambers preferably have a neoprene cover. The facial straps are preferably made of a durable and waterproof neoprene material. The hand pump and tubing are preferably made of rubber/plastic. Other embodiments can include different materials. 
     According to some embodiments, the system is lightweight (for example, about 3 lbs), portable, easy to operate, requires no assembly, no weights, cables or ropes to set-up, comes with choice of ballistic nylon carrying case or educational box, instruction page and instructional DVD. In one embodiment, the device comprises a built-in frame, an expanding elliptical pneumatic air chamber (with neoprene cover) that creates radial tractional force and thoracic decompressive force, a patient-controlled pneumatic hand pump with a push button release and automatic safety valve connected to approximately 30 inches of tubing, and one dual action head restraint designed for patients who suffer with TMJ (does not aggravate temporomandibular joint), which comprises an adjustable forehead strap, and a removable chin strap (which is optional in some other embodiments). 
     Accordingly to one aspect disclosed herein, methods for pneumatic radial traction can restore the cervical and thoracic spine to the proper configuration. Pneumatic radial traction, also known in some embodiments as expanding ellipsoidal decompression (EED), is a process in which joints of the cervical spine are pneumatically tractioned and simultaneously aligned into the cervical spine&#39;s proper radial or curved configuration. A major clinical difference between some embodiments of a pneumatic radial traction device disclosed herein and some prior art devices is that the prior art devices flatten or reverse the proper cervical curve to attain joint separation. In some embodiments, a pneumatic radial traction device enhances or maintains the proper cervical curve while attaining over twice the joint separation as some prior art devices. 
     With reference to  FIGS. 49A and 49B , pneumatic radial traction separates and simultaneously aligns the spinal joints in a curved or radial configuration. In some embodiments, an elliptical pneumatic air chamber directs multi-vectored expansive forces from within the posterior spinal concavity (back of neck), vertically (+Z axis translation) and in both horizontal directions. The spine is simultaneously tractioned in three main directions. The radial configuration created by these multi-vectored forces produces high level joint separation at the posterior, middle and anterior of the disc while forcefully enhancing the cervical spine&#39;s proper curve, rather than flattening or reversing the curve. Pneumatic radial traction is preferably achieved when the joints are separated by a vertical displacement greater than the horizontal displacement, however, displacement of equal height and width is also advantageous in some embodiments. An advantage of a pneumatic radial traction device is that it does not flatten or reverse the proper cervical curve while attaining joint separation. In some embodiments, the system provides a traction device with multiple fulcrums. For example, at least two fulcrums, and preferably three fulcrums, are provided to provide treatment to the cervical spine, thoracic spine, and occipital-cervical junction of the patient. 
     As the head is stabilized in the cervical device, joints are actively tractioned in 3 main directions instead of one or two. The cervical spine is tractioned vertically along the +Z axis with a pneumatic force of over 58 lbs. This force expands into and against the posterior cervical concavity. Simultaneously the spine is tractioned horizontally in the two traditional directions (+Y and −Y) with a pneumatic force of over 40-lbs in each direction. These forces expand against the occiput and against the upper thoracic region. The combination of these simultaneously applied pneumatic forces produce radial traction. When fully inflated the elliptical pneumatic cell expands to a 7.5 inch radius, affecting the entire cervical spine. High level joint traction occurs at the posterior, center and anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies in a ratio coinciding with the discs&#39; natural wedged spacing. While the pneumatic radial traction device separates the posterior of the joints to a magnitude typical of traditional traction, it separates the overall disc more than twice as much as linear traction. 
     With the simultaneous application of three separate pneumatic air chambers the cervical spine is decompressed into its proper lordotic or curved configuration (&lt;∧&gt;) with −Y+Z+Y force vectors while the hyper kyphotic area of the upper thoracic spine is simultaneously decompressed with a combination +Z/−Y force mid-vector and the occipital-cervical junction is simultaneously decompressed with +Z/+Y force vectors. The cervical spine&#39;s lordotic curve is powerfully decompressed and enhanced while the thoracic hyper-kyphosis is simultaneously reduced and the occipital-cervical junction is decompressed. In certain embodiments, 15° to 20° of forward head flexion can be imparted by the application of +Z/+Y force vectors to the occiput. 
     Continuous expansion and contraction of the pneumatic air chambers can be employed to create alternating hydration and milking of the intervertebral discs, activating their sponge-like imbibition action. Holding the air pressure constant over a period of 15 to 20 minutes has the effect of simultaneously molding the spine into a curved or elliptical shape, decompressing discs and relaxing the dura, cord and nerve-roots in the cervical canal. 
     Embodiments described herein are preferably prescribed for patients with chronic neck pain due to a musculoskeletal or neurological impairment. The system applies radial tractional force to the cervical spine, enhancing the cervical lordotic curve while achieving high level joint separation at the anterior, center and posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and discs in a ratio corresponding with their natural wedged spacing, reducing disc protrusions, compression and increasing range of motion. The system further applies angular traction forces to the occiput, achieving decompression of the occipital-cervical junction. In some applications, devices advantageously decrease pain in chronic neck pain patients, decrease headaches and increase range of motion while reducing the necessity for chronic pain medication and neck surgery. 
     With continued reference to  FIGS. 49A and 49B , according to some embodiments in use, the traction device  510  rests on a horizontal surface such that the neck support  528  projects upwardly therefrom. The user lies on the device in a prone position such that the back of the neck rests on the deflated first expandable bladder  516  carried in the cradle  538  of the neck support  528 . The deflated second expandable bladder  518  is positioned between the neck support  528  and portions of the thoracic spine of the user. The deflated third expandable bladder  519  is positioned between the neck support  528  and the occiput of the user. The chin and/or forehead restraining restraint straps are respectively extended under the user&#39;s chin and/or about the user&#39;s forehead and secured, thereby affixing the traction device  510  to the user such that the neck and cervical spine extend over the neck support and first expandable bladder  516 , the thoracic spine is adjacent the second expandable bladder  518 , and the occiput is adjacent the third expandable bladder  519 . According to one preferred embodiment, the outward extension of the neck support  528  is relatively slight so that when the bladder is in the deflated position with the forehead and chin restraints secured, very little or no force is exerted on the neck by the neck support. This is achieved by elevating the neck support  528  above the frame such that the neck cradle  538  formed therein is about 2 to 3 inches above the floor or other horizontal surface on which the device  510  is used. The first expandable bladder  516  is sized such that upon full inflation, the apex of the curved upper surface of the bladder will extend about 5 inches above the floor or surface. The second expandable bladder  518  is sized such that upon full inflation, a surface of the second expandable bladder engaging the thoracic spine will extend toward the thoracic spine about 2 to 3 inches in the −Y/+Z direction. In certain embodiments, the second expandable bladder  518  is sized and/or positioned such that during inflation, a surface of the second expandable bladder  518  engaging the thoracic spine will impart a force to the thoracic spine in the −Y direction during a first period of inflation and will impart a force to the thoracic spine in the −Y/+Z direction during a second period of inflation following the first period of inflation. In certain embodiments, the expandable bladder  518  is sized and/or positioned such that upon full inflation, a surface of the expandable bladder  518  engaging the thoracic spine will impart a force to the thoracic spine in the −Y direction. The third expandable bladder  519  is sized such that upon inflation, a surface of the third expandable bladder engaging the occiput will extend toward the occiput about 2 to 3 inches in the +Y/+Z direction. Upon inflation, the third expandable bladder  519  can impart 15° to 20° of forward head flexion. In certain embodiments, the third expandable bladder  519  is sized and/or positioned such that during inflation, a surface of the third expandable bladder  519  engaging the occiput will impart a force to the occiput in the +Y direction during a first period of inflation and will impart a force to the occiput in the +Y/+Z direction during a second period of inflation following the first period of inflation. In certain embodiments, the expandable bladder  519  is sized and/or positioned such that upon full inflation, a surface of the expandable bladder  519  engaging the occiput will impart a force to the thoracic spine in the +Y direction. 
     In some embodiments, as the user slowly inflates the first, second, and third inflatable bladders  516 ,  518 , and  519  using the air pump  542 , the first inflatable bladder  516  expands upwardly and, to a lesser extent, transversely, thereby forcing the cervical spine forwardly creating a spinal apex while concurrently stretching the spine angularly along both sides of the formed spinal apex. The second inflatable bladder  518  expands transversely in the −Y direction, thereby forcing the thoracic spine forwardly to offset the effects of hyper-kyphosis. The third inflatable platter expands transversely in the +Y direction, thereby forcing the occiput forwardly and upwardly to create radial traction to attain joint separation of the occipital-cervical junction. The user then continues to inflate the first, second, and third bladders  516 ,  518 , and  519  until his or her individual tolerance level is reached. The bladders are then deflated by use of the one way valve  544 . The process is preferably repeated several times, slowly increasing the spinal arc in the cervical region and placing pressure on the thoracic region as the level of tolerance increases. In addition, the first, second, and third bladders  516 ,  518 , and  519  can be held in an inflated state at or slightly below the level of tolerance for varying periods of time up to ten to twenty minutes. Through such repetition, the cervical spine, thoracic spine and surrounding tissue receive a workout promoting cellular exchange in and around the intervertebral disc and a forward curve is reinstated into the cervical spine while achieving proper spine configuration in the thoracic region.  FIGS. 49A and 49B  illustrate the effects of the traction and exercise devices  610  of some embodiments on the cervical and thoracic spine. 
     With reference to  FIGS. 50-53 , an adjustable spacer component  550 A and a spacer component  550 B can be provided in some implementations of a traction system  510  to provide for lateral flexion traction. For example,  FIG. 50  is a schematic top view of a patient positioned on another embodiment of a decompression and traction system, showing pneumatic air chambers comprising first, second, and third inflatable bladders  516 ,  518 , and  519 , a first adjustable wedge-shaped spacer component  550 A configured to be selectively coupled to the frame to adjust a position of the second inflatable bladder, and a second adjustable wedge-shaped spacer component  550 B configured to be selectively coupled to the frame to adjust a position of the third inflatable bladder. In the shown configuration, the first spacer component  550 A is in a vertical orientation and adjusts the position of the second inflatable bladder to provide an even distribution of force generally along a force vector in the −Y and +Z plane without providing any lateral flexion traction to the patient. In the shown configuration, the second spacer component  550 B is in a vertical orientation and adjusts the position of the third inflatable bladder to provide an even distribution of force generally along a force vector in the +Y and +Z plane without providing any lateral flexion traction to the patient. 
       FIG. 51  shows a configuration wherein the first spacer component  550 A is moved to adjust the position of the second inflatable bladder to provide an uneven distribution of force on one side of the patient in that a force vector is directed, for example, in a −Y, +Z, and −X direction. For example, the spacer component is turned or rotated to a horizontal position, whereby the wedge shape of the spacer contacts the second inflatable bladder and causes the bladder to deflect in one lateral direction more than another lateral direction. As shown, the spacer is placed in right horizontal position and causes more deflection on the right side of the patient. In other configurations, the spacer can be positioned in a left horizontal position to cause more deflection on the left side of the patient. Based on the positioning of the spacer, the second bladder can expand in an angular direction. Turning the spacer component sideways creates lateral flexion traction by forcing the shoulder/trapezius down while the head is held in traction. 
     In the configuration shown in  FIG. 51 , the second spacer component  550 B is moved to adjust the position of the third inflatable bladder to provide an uneven distribution of force on one side of the patient in that a force vector is directed, for example, in a +Y, +Z, and −X direction. For example, the spacer component is turned or rotated to a horizontal position, whereby the wedge shape of the spacer contacts the third inflatable bladder and causes the bladder to deflect in one lateral direction more than another lateral direction. As shown, the spacer is placed in right horizontal position and causes more deflection on the right side of the patient. In other configurations, the spacer can be positioned in a left horizontal position to cause more deflection on the left side of the patient. Based on the positioning of the spacer, the third bladder can expand in an angular direction. Turning the spacer component sideways creates lateral flexion traction by forcing the head up while the shoulder/trapezius is held in traction. In certain embodiments, the spacer component  550 B can be moved to adjust the position of the third inflatable bladder to provide an uneven force distribution of force on one side of the patient, as described herein, to treat a misalignment or deformity of the spine which causes the cervical spine to angle or curve in the +X or −X direction. For example, if the cervical spine of a patient is angled or curved in the +X direction, a −X force can be imparted to restore the cervical spine to its proper configuration. If the cervical spine of a patient is angled or curved in the −X direction, a +X force can be imparted to restore the cervical spine to its proper configuration. 
       FIG. 52  is a bottom view of the embodiment of  FIG. 50  and shows the spacer component  550 A in a vertical position that adjusts the position of the second inflatable bladder to provide an even distribution of force generally along a force vector in the −Y and +Z plane, but does not direct force laterally in a −X or +X direction.  FIG. 52  shows the spacer component  550 B in a vertical position that adjusts the position of the third inflatable bladder to provide an even distribution of force generally along a force vector in the +Y and_+Z plane, but does not direct force laterally in a −X or +X direction.  FIG. 53  is a bottom view of the embodiment of  FIG. 50 , showing a configuration wherein the first spacer component  550 A is moved to adjust the position of the second inflatable bladder to provide an uneven distribution of force to a patient in that a force vector is directed, for example, in a −Y, +Z, and −X direction as described in connection with  FIG. 51 . The lower linear displacement pneumatic air chamber is adjusted with a rotating wedge shaped spacer component, allowing clinicians to increase the angle and force of the mid (−Y)/(+Z) vector of this pneumatic air chamber. When adjusted to the right or left horizontal position, the rotating wedge allows clinicians to unilaterally increase and rotate the (−Y) directional component on either the right or left side (+/−X) of the upper thoracic region, producing lateral flexion traction. The rotating wedge shaped spacer component can be removed in some implementations to accommodate extreme kyphotic thoracic spines. In the configuration of  FIG. 53 , the second spacer component  550 B is moved to adjust the position of the third inflatable bladder to provide an uneven distribution of force to a patient in that a force vector is directed, for example, in a +Y, _Z, and −X direction as described in connection with  FIG. 51 . The upper linear displacement pneumatic air chamber is adjusted with a rotating wedge shaped spacer component allowing clinicians to increase the angle and force of the mid (+Y)/(+Z) vector of this pneumatic air chamber. When adjusted to the right or left horizontal position, the rotating wedge allows clinicians to unilaterally increase and rotate the (+Y) directional component on either the right or left side (+/−X) of the occiput, producing lateral flexion traction. The rotating wedge shaped spacer component can be removed in some implementations. 
     While three expandable bladders  516 ,  518 , and  519  are described with respect to  FIGS. 41-53 , certain embodiments may employ only two of the inflatable bladders  516 ,  518 , and  519 , as shown in  FIGS. 27-40 , or only one of the inflatable bladders  516 ,  518 , and  519 . For example, in some embodiments, a decompression and traction system  710  may include only the first inflatable bladder  516  and the third inflatable bladder  519  as shown in  FIG. 54 . Such an embodiment may be less expensive to manufacture than an embodiment having three inflatable bladders. As described herein, the first inflatable bladder  516  and third inflatable bladder  519  can be employed to apply −Y+Z+Y force vectors to the cervical spine while +Z/+Y force vectors are applied to the occiput. The cervical spine&#39;s lordotic curve is powerfully decompressed and enhanced while the occipital-cervical junction is decompressed. Such an embodiment may be advantageous if treatment of the thoracic spine is not desired. For example, in some embodiments, damage to the thoracic spine or an obstruction, such as a tumor or implant, may make the application of force to the thoracic spine undesirable. The system  710  may be utilized to treat symptoms associated with compression, damage, deformity, and/or misalignment of the cervical spine and the occipital-cervical junction, including, for example, headaches, neck pain, and arm pain, which may be caused by pinched nerves. In certain embodiments, the decompression and traction system  710  can include a spacer component  550 B as described with respect to the decompression and traction system  210  as shown in  FIGS. 41-53 . 
     In some embodiments, a similar application of force can be imparted by the system  610  through selective inflation of the bladders  519  and  516  without inflation of the bladder  518  or with minimal inflation of the bladder  518 . As described herein, in some embodiments, a two pump system or a three pump system can be employed to alternate or unevenly inflate the pneumatic air chambers. For example, in some embodiments, a first pump can be employed to inflate the first and third inflatable bladders  516  and  519  and a second pump can be employed to inflate the second inflatable bladder  518 . 
     In some embodiments, a decompression and traction system  810  may include only the second inflatable bladder  518  and the third inflatable bladder  519  as shown in  FIG. 55 . Such an embodiment may be less expensive to manufacture than an embodiment having three inflatable bladders. In some embodiments, the system  810  includes a pad or cushion  836  configured to be positioned against the cervical spine when the system  810  is secured to a user. As described herein, the second bladder  518  and third inflatable bladder  519  can be employed to decompress a hyper kyphotic area of the upper thoracic spine with a combination +Z/−Y force mid-vector while +Z/+Y force vectors are simultaneously applied to the occiput to decompress the occipital-cervical junction. Thoracic hyper-kyphosis is simultaneously reduced while the occipital-cervical junction is decompressed. In certain embodiments, the second inflatable bladder  518  can be employed to apply a −Y force vector to the upper thoracic spine, and the third inflatable bladder  519  can be employed to apply a +Y force vector to the occipital-cervical junction. In some embodiments, the system  710  can be used to impart linear traction to the spine. In certain embodiments, the decompression and traction system  810  can include a spacer component  550 A as described with respect to the decompression and traction system  610  as shown in  FIGS. 41-53 . In certain embodiments, the decompression and traction system  810  can include a spacer component  550 B as described with respect to the decompression and traction system  610  as shown in  FIGS. 41-53 . 
     In some embodiments, a similar application of force can be imparted by the system  610  through selective inflation of the bladders  519  and  518  without inflation of the bladder  516  or with minimal inflation of the bladder  516 . As described herein, in some embodiments, a two pump system or a three pump system can be employed to alternate or unevenly inflate the pneumatic air chambers. For example, in some embodiments, a first pump can be employed to inflate the second and third inflatable bladders  518  and  519  and a second pump can be employed to inflate the first inflatable bladder  516 . By inflating the bladders  519  and  518  without inflating the bladder  516  or with minimal inflation of the bladder  516 , linear traction can be imparted to the spine. 
       FIG. 56  shows a patient and an embodiment of a decompression and traction system  910  having an elongated inflatable bladder  918 . The elongated inflatable bladder  918  can extend from the neck support to the mid-thoracic spine when the decompression and traction system  910  is secured to the user. In some embodiments as described herein, the mid-thoracic spine can include the T4-T9 vertebrae, the T5-T8 vertebrae, or the T6-T7 vertebrae. In addition to the application of forces to the upper thoracic spine, as described herein, the inflatable bladder  918  can be configured for inflation and simultaneous application of force to the mid-thoracic spine, when the patient is in a treatment position, to decompress the spine into its proper curved configuration with a +Z force vector, and in some embodiments, −Y and/or +Y force vectors, being applied to the mid-thoracic spine. The elongated inflatable bladder  918  can apply pressure to the apex of the kyphosis of the thoracic spine. In some embodiments, the thoracic hyper-kyphosis can be further reduced by the application of force to the mid-thoracic spine. The elongated bladder  918  can directly contact the upper 25%-75% of the thoracic spine. In certain embodiments, the elongated bladder  518  can directly contact the upper 25% to 45%, upper 25% to 50%, upper 25% to 55%, upper 25% to 60%, upper 25% to 65%, or upper 25% to 70% of the thoracic spine. In certain embodiments, the elongated bladder  518  can directly contact the upper 50% of the thoracic spine. 
     As described herein, the inflatable bladder  918  can be inflated using a pump assembly. A pump for inflation of the inflatable bladder  918  can be the same as or a separate pump from one or more pumps used for inflation of the inflatable bladders  516  and  519 . In some embodiments, two or more pumps can be employed to alternate or unevenly inflate portions of the elongated inflatable bladder  918 . For example, in some embodiments, a first pump can be employed to inflate a first portion of the elongated inflatable bladder  918  positioned to apply a force to the upper thoracic spine and a second pump can be employed to inflate a second portion of the elongated inflatable bladder  918  positioned to apply a force to the mid-thoracic spine. Although a single elongated inflatable bladder  918  is shown in  FIG. 56 , in some embodiments, a separate inflatable bladder may be employed to apply a force to the mid-thoracic spine. In such embodiments, the separate inflatable bladder configured to apply a force to the mid-thoracic spine can be inflated using a pump that can be separate from or shared with the inflatable bladder positioned to apply a force to the upper thoracic spine. 
     In certain embodiments, the decompression and traction system  910  can include one or more spacer components having the same or similar features to spacer components  550 ,  550 A, and  550 B. For example, in some embodiments, the decompression and traction system  510  can include a spacer between a portion of the frame  512  and the elongated inflatable bladder  518 . The spacer can be employed to adjust the angulation of the inflatable bladder  518  during inflation. In certain embodiments, the decompression and traction system  510  can include a spacer between a portion of the frame  512  and the inflatable bladder  519 . The spacer can be employed to adjust the angulation of the inflatable bladder  519  during inflation. Spacers used in the decompression and traction system  510  can include a wedge-shaped spacer, a rotatable spacer, and/or a spacer in a horizontal position that is configured to adjust the angulation of the inflatable bladder portion  519  or the inflatable bladder portion  518  during inflation to provide lateral flexion traction. Other spacer systems are contemplated and can also be used. For example, any component or device that can be selectively adjusted and can contact at least a portion of the inflatable bladder portion  519  and/or the inflatable bladder portion  518  can be used to impart lateral flexion traction. Additionally, in some cases a component or device need not be adjustable, for example, a spacer or other component could be provided on a traction device to cause the inflatable bladder portion  519  and/or the inflatable bladder portion  518  to consistently provide for lateral flexion traction on one side, while other systems can provide for lateral flexion traction on the other side. Additionally, while adjustments made with the spacer may be rotational, other movements or adjustments can be made with other mechanisms and arrangements, such as by sliding, for example. 
     While three expandable bladders  516 ,  918 , and  519  are described with respect to  FIG. 56 , certain embodiments may employ only the elongated inflatable bladder portion  918  or only the elongated inflatable bladder portion  918  and one of the inflatable bladder portion  516  and the inflatable bladder portion  519 . 
     In some embodiments, an embodiment of a decompression and traction system as described with respect to  FIGS. 27-55 , can be used in combination with an embodiment of an abdominal muscle and spine exercising device as described with respect to  FIGS. 1-8 , and/or in combination with an embodiment of a lower body and spinal exercise device as described with respect to  FIGS. 9-26 . 
       FIG. 57  depicts an embodiment of a spinal treatment system  1000  comprising a traction device  610  and an exercise device  310 . The traction device  610  can be coupled to a cushion or pad  1010 . The cushion  1010  can include a portion extending beyond the bladder  519  in the +y direction. The cushion  1010  can also include a portion extending beyond the bladder  518  in the −y direction. The cushion  1010  can be positioned to provide comfort and support to the head and upper/mid thoracic spine of the user during spinal traction/exercise. The cushion  1010  can include a plurality of cushion sections  1015 . In some embodiments, one or more of the cushion sections  1015  may be inflatable bladder sections  1015 . The inflatable bladder sections  1015  may be inflatable to apply force to the mid-thoracic spine, when the patient is in a treatment position, to decompress the spine into its proper curved configuration with a +Z force vector, and in some embodiments, −Y and/or +Y force vectors, being applied to the mid-thoracic spine. In certain embodiments, one or more of the cushion sections  1015  can be pad sections  1015 . The pad sections  1015  can be shaped and/or dimensioned to apply force to the mid thoracic spine, when the patient is in a treatment position, to decompress the spine into its proper curved configuration with a +Z force vector, and in some embodiments, −Y and/or +Y force vectors, being applied to the mid-thoracic spine. The pad sections  1015  can be formed of any of the materials and/or have any of the same material properties as the pads  332 ,  432 , and  434 . 
     The exercise device  310  can be coupled to the traction device  610  through one or more straps  1020 . As shown in  FIG. 57 , the straps extend between the cushion  1010  and the frame  114  of the exercise device  310 . The straps  1020  may be adhered, integrally formed with, or otherwise attached to the cushion  1010 . In some embodiments, the straps  1020  may extend through one or more slots within the cushion  1010  and may include a loop for fastening an portion of the strap  1020  to the cushion  1010 . The straps  1020  may be adhered, integrally formed with, or otherwise attached to the cushion frame  114  of the device  310 . In some embodiments, the straps  1020  may extend through one or more slots within the frame  114  and may include a loop for fastening an portion of the strap  1020  to the frame  114 . In alternative embodiments, one or more straps  1020  may connect directly to the traction device  610 . 
     The system  1000  can provide for full spinal traction. In combination, the exercise device  310  and traction device  610  cause traction in both the lumbosacral and cervicothoracic regions of the spine. The combination of the exercise device  310  and traction device  610  can cause hydration of more spinal discs simultaneously than either the exercise device  310  or traction device  610  alone, allowing for more efficient and less time consuming treatment of the spine. The combination of the exercise device  310  and traction device  610  may also maintain a proper posture of a patient during traction of the lumbosacral region. 
     Although  FIG. 57  depicts the exercise device  310  coupled to the traction device  610 , one of skill in the art would understand that any of the traction devices  510 ,  610 ,  710 , and  810  may be coupled to any of the exercise devices  10 ,  110 ,  210 , and  310 . In certain embodiments, exercise device  210  may be coupled with a traction device  510 ,  610 ,  710 , or  810 , without the stirrup  200  and elongate strap  180 . Similarly, in certain embodiments, exercise device  310  may be coupled with a traction device  510 ,  610 ,  710 , or  810 , without the stirrup  200  and elongate strap  180 . 
       FIG. 58  depicts a perspective view of an embodiment of an automated or electronic pump system  1100 .  FIG. 59  shows a top view of the pump system  1100  with a portion of a housing  1110  of the pump system removed to show internal features of the pump system  1100 . The pump system  1100  includes a user interface  1120  that allows a user to select and/or control one or more settings of the pump system  1100 . 
     The pump system  1100  further includes a fluid delivery system  1130 , which may be a pneumatic or hydraulic system. The fluid delivery system  1130  can include one or more motors  1135 , for example, one or more air motors, one or more valves  1140 , for example, one or more pnuetronics valves or solenoid valves, and one or more tubes or pipes  1145 . 
     The fluid delivery system  1130  is configured to direct the flow of fluid through the tubes  1145  and to one or more connection fittings  1150 . Each fitting  1150  can be configured to couple with a fluid line to deliver fluid therethrough to an inflatable. 
     The pump system  1100  may further include a processor  1155  in connection with the user interface  1120  and the fluid delivery system  1130 . The processor  1155  can be configured to process data received from the user interface  1120 . The processor  1155  can be further configured to execute one or more software applications that cause the pump  1100  to fill one or more inflatables coupled to the pump  1100 . In some embodiments, the processor  1155  can be configured to cause the pump  1100  to activate and/or control the fluid delivery system  1130  to deliver fluid through the fittings  1150 . For example, the processor  1155  may activate and/or control one or more of the motors  1135  to cause fluid to flow through one or more of the fittings  1130 . 
     In certain embodiments, the pump  1100  can be configured to inflate one or more inflatables to one or more the predefined or user selected inflation amounts. In certain embodiments, the user interface  1120  can be manipulated to adjust an amount of fluid or rate of flow through one or more of the fluid fittings  1150  from the pump system  1100 . The processor  1155  can be configured to cause the fluid delivery system  1130  to deliver a selected amount of fluid through the fittings  1130  or to deliver fluid at a selected rate through the fittings  1130  based on data received from the user interface  1120 . 
     In certain embodiments, the user interface  1120  can include one or more knobs or dials  1125 . Alternatively, the user interface can include a keypad, a touch screen, a keyboard, a switch, or any other user interface known in the art. In certain embodiments, instructions or settings may be communicated to the processor  1155  from an external device such as a mobile device, a computer, or a server. 
     In certain embodiments, the user interface  1120  may allow for selection of different amounts of inflation or different rates of inflation through different fluid fittings  1150  to allow for varied amounts of inflation in different inflatables coupled to the pump  1100 . 
     The pump system  1100  can be used to control the inflation of one or more of the inflatable components described herein, such as, for example, inflatable bladders  32 ,  34 ,  132 ,  134 ,  516 ,  518 ,  519 , and  918 . 
     Although there has been hereinabove described a specific abdominal muscle and spine-exercising devices and traction devices in accordance with the present invention for the purpose of illustrating the manner in which the invention may be used to advantage, it should be appreciated that the invention is not limited thereto. That is, the present invention may suitably comprise, consist of or consist essentially of the recited elements. Further, the invention illustratively disclosed herein suitably may be practiced in the absence of any element which is not specifically disclosed herein. Accordingly, any and all modifications, variations or equivalent arrangements which may occur to those skilled in the art, should be considered to be within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims. 
     The various devices, systems and methods described above provide a number of ways to carry out some preferred embodiments of the invention. Of course, it is to be understood that not necessarily all objectives or advantages described may be achieved in accordance with any particular embodiment described herein. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize that the devices and systems may be made and the methods may be performed in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages as taught herein without necessarily achieving other objectives or advantages as may be taught or suggested herein. 
     Furthermore, the skilled artisan will recognize the interchangeability of various features from different embodiments. Similarly, the various components, features and steps discussed above, as well as other known equivalents for each such component, feature or step, can be mixed and matched by one of ordinary skill in this art to make devices and systems and perform methods in accordance with principles described herein. 
     Although the invention has been disclosed in the context of some embodiments and examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention extends beyond these specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof. Accordingly, the invention is not intended to be limited by the specific disclosures of preferred embodiments herein.