Patent Publication Number: US-7722154-B2

Title: Inkjet recording apparatus

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates to an inkjet recording apparatus, and more particularly, to an inkjet recording apparatus comprising a wiper blade which cleans a nozzle surface in which a nozzle for ejecting ink is formed. 
   2. Description of the Related Art 
   An inkjet recording apparatus (inkjet printer) is known, which comprises an inkjet head (liquid droplet ejection head) having an arrangement of a plurality of nozzles (liquid droplet ejection ports) which eject liquid, such as an ink, in the form of liquid droplets, and which forms images on a recording medium by ejecting the ink (ink droplets) from the nozzles toward a recording medium while causing the inkjet head and the recording medium to move relatively to each other. 
   The inkjet recording apparatus ejects ink from the nozzles toward a recording medium conveyed in the near vicinity of the nozzles, and hence the ink ejected onto the recording medium may bounce back and adhere to the nozzle surface, a portion of the ejected ink may remain on the nozzle surface, and such dirt as paper dust from the conveyed recording medium may adhere to the nozzle surface. When the nozzle surface becomes soiled in this way, then ejection defects arise in that the direction of flight of the ink droplets ejected from the nozzles is bent, or the nozzles become blocked and ink can no longer be ejected from the nozzles. In view of the circumstances, various methods have been proposed for cleaning the nozzle surface. 
   For example, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2003-154670 discloses an inkjet recording apparatus using a recording head which performs recording by ejecting liquid. In this inkjet recording apparatus, the front end section of a cleaning device for cleaning the liquid ejection unit of the recording head is curved in accordance with the nozzle surface of the recording head, and this cleaning device sweeps away ink adhering to the periphery of the ejection unit of the recording head. At least a portion of the cleaning device is formed by a member capable of guiding the swept ink in a prescribed direction in such a manner that, if a polyolefin fiber body is used as a cleaning member, for example, then the direction of the fibers and the direction in which the cleaning member guides the ink are substantially the same, whereby the ink swept from the recording head can be moved swiftly to a prescribed position. 
   However, according to the technology described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2003-154670, cleaning of the recording head is performed by using a wiper blade as a cleaning device, and in particular if the wiper blade is shorter than the nozzle section of the recording head, a portion of the ink remaining in the vicinity of the contact section between the recording head and the wiper blade spills out onto either side of the wiper blade and remains on the nozzle surface. When ink remains on the nozzle surface in this way, a problem may arise in that the residual ink covers the peripheral regions of the nozzles and can give rise to ejection abnormalities. 
   In particular, when a long recording head is wiped in the conveyance direction of the paper, a long wiper blade which covers the whole of the nozzle section of the long recording head is required, and it is not easy to make the wiper blade be in contact with the recording head uniformly over the whole length of the long recording head, and wiping omissions leaving residual ink occur, which may give rise to ejection abnormalities as described above. 
   Moreover, in a mode where the recording head is wiped by moving it to a position outside the recording region, a wiper blade and a maintenance cap, and the like, are arranged in alignment outside the recording region, and hence there is also a problem in that the size of the apparatus increases in accordance with the length of the wiper blade, and the like. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention is contrived in view of the aforementioned circumstances, an object thereof being to provide an image recording apparatus comprising a head cleaning device which readily makes tight contact uniformly with a head, reduces the occurrence of residual unwiped ink, and also makes it possible to make the apparatus compact, in order that print quality can be stabilized. 
   In order to attain the aforementioned object, the present invention is directed to an inkjet recording apparatus comprising: an inkjet recording head having a long side extending in a lengthwise direction corresponding to a first movement direction perpendicular to a paper conveyance direction; a wiper blade which wipes a nozzle surface of the inkjet recording head in which a nozzle is formed; a first movement device which moves one of the inkjet recording head and the wiper blade in the first movement direction; and a second movement device which moves the wiper blade in a second movement direction which is substantially perpendicular to the first movement direction, in such a manner that the wiper blade wipes the nozzle surface, wherein the wiper blade is formed in such a manner that ink removing properties of at least one surface of the wiper blade become higher toward a first end section of the wiper blade in the first movement direction. 
   According to this aspect of the present invention, during wiping, there is little residual ink at the end section having high ink removing properties, and furthermore the ink which is not removed from the wiper blade and remains thereon is guided toward the end section having low ink removing properties. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the amount of ink spilling out from the wiper blade at the end section having high ink removing properties, and consequently ejection reliability can be enhanced. 
   Preferably, a length of the wiper blade is shorter than a length of the nozzle surface of the inkjet recording head in the lengthwise direction. 
   According to this aspect of the present invention, the length of the wiper blade is short in this way. Hence, it is possible to achieve uniform tight contact between the wiper blade and the nozzle surface of the inkjet recording head, and therefore the ink can be wiped in a reliable fashion. Furthermore, since the wiper blade has a short length, it is possible to reduce the size of the apparatus. 
   Preferably, the inkjet recording apparatus further comprises an operational control device which controls the first movement device and the second movement device in such a manner that a first operation of wiping the nozzle surface by moving the wiper blade in the second movement direction, and a second operation of moving the wiper blade by a prescribed distance which is shorter than the length of the wiper blade in a direction which corresponds to both of the first movement direction and a direction from the first end section of the wiper blade toward a second end section of the wiper blade which is opposite to the first end section are alternately repeated, wherein the nozzle surface is wiped in such a manner that the first operation of wiping the nozzle surface is successively repeated in a direction from the first end section toward the second end section of the wiper blade. 
   Preferably, the inkjet recording apparatus further comprises an operational control device which controls the first movement device and the second movement device in such a manner that a first operation of wiping the nozzle surface by moving the wiper blade in the second movement direction, and a second operation of moving the inkjet recording head by a prescribed distance which is shorter than the length of the wiper blade in a direction which corresponds to both of the first movement direction and a direction from a second end section of the wiper blade which is opposite to the first end section toward the first end section of the wiper blade are alternately repeated, wherein the nozzle surface is wiped in such a manner that the first operation of wiping the nozzle surface is successively repeated in a direction from the first end section toward the second end section of the wiper blade. 
   According to these aspects of the present invention, it is possible to reliably wipe away ink on the whole of the nozzle surface. 
   Preferably, the wiper blade has a plurality of grooves formed in the at least one surface of the wiper blade in such a manner that density of the grooves becomes higher toward the first end section. 
   Preferably, the wiper blade has a plurality of grooves formed in the at least one surface of the wiper blade in such a manner that width of the grooves becomes broader toward the first end section. 
   According to these aspects of the present invention, the ink removing properties are higher in the end section where the grooves are formed in greater number or to a broader width, because of the capillary action of the grooves, and the ink which is not removed from the wiper blade and remains on the wiper blade is guided towards the side where the grooves are formed at lower density. Therefore, it is possible to prevent ink from spilling out onto the nozzle surface from the side of the wiper blade where the grooves are formed at high density, and hence ejection reliability can be improved. 
   Preferably, the wiper blade has a plurality of holes via which ink is suctioned by means of a suctioning device, in the at least one surface of the wiper blade, in such a manner that density of the holes becomes higher toward the first end section. 
   According to this aspect of the present invention, by actively collecting waste ink during wiping by suctioning the ink via the holes by means of a suctioning device, it is possible to readily dispose of the waste ink during wiping. Furthermore, the wiper blade is maintained in a clean state at all times, propulsion of ink caused by the restoring action of the wiper blade due to its elastic properties is reduced, and increased viscosity and solidification of the residual ink can be prevented. 
   Preferably, the wiper blade includes a plurality of porous members joined together in such a manner that ink absorptivities of the respective porous members become higher toward the first end section. 
   According to this aspect of the present invention, it is possible to increase the ink absorptivity in the wiper blade, and hence to improve the nozzle restoration properties during wiping of the nozzle surface, by means of the capillary action of the porous members. 
   Preferably, the wiper blade includes a heater which provides the wiper blade with a temperature gradient in such a manner that temperature of the wiper blade becomes higher toward the first end section. 
   According to this aspect of the present invention, when high-viscosity ink exceeding 10 mPa·s, for example, is used, the viscosity of the ink is reduced by heating the ink, thereby improving the wipeability of the ink. Furthermore, by providing a differential in the ink fluidity based on a differential in the ink viscosity, within the wiper blade, it is possible to reduce the amount of ink spilling out from the wiper blade at the one end section thereof. 
   Preferably, water repellency properties of the at least one surface of the wiper blade becomes higher toward the first end section. 
   According to this aspect of the present invention, it is possible to improve the characteristics of guiding ink towards the section having lower water repellency properties. 
   Preferably, a plurality of the nozzles are formed in the nozzle surface; the inkjet recording apparatus further comprises a first nozzle observation device which observes an ejection state of the nozzle; and if it has been determined by the first nozzle observation device that at least one of the nozzles suffers an ejection abnormality, a wiping operation is started from a region of the nozzle surface containing the at least one of the nozzles suffering the ejection abnormality. 
   Here, if a wiping operation is performed as described above, in other words, if the nozzle surface is wiped successively in a direction from the end section of the wiper blade having high ink removing properties toward the end section on the opposite side from same, by repeating in an alternating fashion, an operation of wiping the nozzle surface by the wiper blade in a direction substantially perpendicular to the lengthwise direction of the nozzle surface and an operation of moving the wiper blade or the inkjet recording head by a distance shorter than the length of the wiper blade, in the lengthwise direction of the nozzle surface, then it is possible to omit the wiping for a nozzle which does not require wiping, and it is also possible to reliably wipe away ink from a nozzle which does require wiping. Furthermore, by starting a wiping operation from a region containing a nozzle suffering an ejection abnormality, it is possible to avoid creating adverse effects in a normal nozzle due to unnecessary wiping, and hence ejection reliability can be improved. 
   Preferably, the inkjet recording apparatus further comprises a second nozzle observation device which observes the nozzle surface, wherein, if soiling on the nozzle surface has been determined by the second nozzle observation device, a wiping operation is started from a region of the nozzle surface containing an area of the soiling. 
   Here also, if the wiping operation is carried out as described above, then similarly, it is possible to omit the wiping for a nozzle which does not require wiping, and it is also possible to reliably wipe away ink from a nozzle which does require wiping. Furthermore, by starting a wiping operation from a region containing an area of soiling, it is possible to avoid creating adverse effects in a normal nozzle due to unnecessary wiping, and hence ejection reliability can be improved. 
   As described above, according to the present invention, during wiping, there is little residual ink at the end section having high ink removing properties, and furthermore, the ink which is not removed from the wiper blade and remains thereon is guided toward the end section having low ink removing properties. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the amount of ink spilling out from the wiper blade at the end section having high ink removing properties, and consequently ejection reliability can be enhanced. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The nature of this invention, as well as other objects and benefits thereof, will be explained in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts throughout the figures and wherein: 
       FIG. 1  is a general compositional view showing an approximate view of an inkjet recording apparatus relating to an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 2  is a plan view of a principal part of the peripheral area of a print unit in the inkjet recording apparatus illustrated in  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 3A  is a plan view perspective diagram showing an embodiment of the structure of a print head, and  FIG. 3B  is an enlarged diagram of a portion of same; 
       FIG. 4  is a plan view perspective diagram showing a further embodiment of the structure of a head; 
       FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional diagram along line  5 - 5  in  FIGS. 3A and 3B ; 
       FIG. 6  is a schematic drawing showing the composition of an ink supply system in the inkjet recording apparatus according to an embodiment; 
       FIG. 7  is an oblique diagram showing the relationship between wiper blades and print heads according to a first embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 8  is an oblique diagram showing an enlarged view of the wiper blades in  FIG. 7 ; 
       FIGS. 9A to 9C  are oblique diagrams respectively showing further embodiments of the wiper blade; 
       FIGS. 10A to 10C  are oblique diagrams respectively showing further embodiments of the wiper blade; 
       FIGS. 11A and 11B  are illustrative diagrams showing a state at the start of wiping by a wiper blade, wherein  FIG. 11A  is a front view diagram and  FIG. 11B  is a side view diagram; 
       FIG. 12  is an illustrative diagram showing a state during wiping by a wiper blade, wherein the state of (a) in  FIG. 12  shows a front view diagram, the state of (b) in  FIG. 12  shows a side view diagram, and the state of (c) in  FIG. 12  shows a plan view diagram; 
       FIG. 13  shows a state where a print head is moved in order to wipe the next section, wherein the state of (a) in  FIG. 13  shows a front view, the state of (b) in  FIG. 13  shows a side view diagram and the state of (c) in  FIG. 13  shows a plan view; 
       FIG. 14  is an illustrative diagram showing a state during wiping of a next section, wherein the state of (a) in  FIG. 14  shows a front view diagram, the state of (b) in  FIG. 14  shows a side view diagram, and the state of (c) in  FIG. 14  shows a plan view diagram; 
       FIG. 15  is an oblique diagram showing a further embodiment of the wiper blade; 
       FIG. 16  is an oblique diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention; and 
       FIG. 17  is an oblique diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     FIG. 1  is a general schematic drawing of an embodiment of an inkjet recording apparatus relating to an embodiment of the present invention. 
   As shown in  FIG. 1 , the inkjet recording apparatus  10  comprises: a printing unit  12  having a plurality of print heads (inkjet recording heads)  12 K,  12 C,  12 M, and  12 Y for ink colors of black (K), cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y), respectively; an ink storing and loading unit  14  for storing inks of K, C, M and Y to be supplied to the print heads  12 K,  12 C,  12 M, and  12 Y; a paper supply unit  18  for supplying recording paper  16 ; a decurling unit  20  for removing curl in the recording paper  16 ; a suction belt conveyance unit  22  disposed facing the nozzle face (ink-droplet ejection face) of the print unit  12 , for conveying the recording paper  16  while keeping the recording paper  16  flat; a print determination unit  24  for reading the printed result produced by the printing unit  12 ; and a paper output unit  26  for outputting image-printed recording paper (printed matter) to the exterior. 
   In  FIG. 1 , a magazine for rolled paper (continuous paper) is shown as an embodiment of the paper supply unit  18 ; however, a plurality of magazines with papers of different paper width and quality may be jointly provided. Moreover, papers may be supplied in cassettes that contain cut papers loaded in layers and that are used jointly or in lieu of magazines for rolled papers. 
   In the case of a configuration in which roll paper is used, a cutter  28  is provided as shown in  FIG. 1 , and the roll paper is cut to a desired size by the cutter  28 . The cutter  28  has a stationary blade  28 A, whose length is not less than the width of the conveyor pathway of the recording paper  16 , and a round blade  28 B, which moves along the stationary blade  28 A. The stationary blade  28 A is disposed on the reverse side of the printed surface of the recording paper  16 , and the round blade  28 B is disposed on the printed surface side across the conveyance path. When cut paper is used, the cutter  28  is not required. 
   In the case of a configuration in which a plurality of types of recording paper can be used, it is preferable that an information recording medium such as a bar code and a wireless tag containing information about the type of paper is attached to the magazine, and by reading the information contained in the information recording medium with a predetermined reading device, the type of paper to be used is automatically determined, and ink-droplet ejection is controlled so that the ink-droplets are ejected in an appropriate manner in accordance with the type of paper. 
   The recording paper  16  delivered from the paper supply unit  18  retains curl due to having been loaded in the magazine. In order to remove the curl, heat is applied to the recording paper  16  in the decurling unit  20  by a heating drum  30  in the direction opposite to the curl direction in the magazine. At this time, the heating temperature is preferably controlled in such a manner that the recording paper  20  has a curl in which the surface on which the print is to be made is slightly rounded in the outward direction. 
   After decurling, the cut recording paper  16  is delivered to the suction belt conveyance unit  22 . The suction belt conveyance unit  22  has a configuration in which an endless belt  33  is set around rollers  31  and  32  so that the portion of the endless belt  33  facing at least the nozzle face of the print unit  12  and the sensor face of the print determination unit  24  forms a plane (a flat surface). 
   The belt  33  has a width that is greater than the width of the recording paper  16 , and a plurality of suction restrictors (not shown) are formed on the belt surface. A suction chamber  34  is disposed in a position facing the sensor surface of the print determination unit  24  and the nozzle surface of the printing unit  12  on the interior side of the belt  33 , which is set around the rollers  31  and  32 , as shown in  FIG. 1 ; and a negative pressure is generated by sucking air from the suction chamber  34  by means of a fan  35 , thereby the recording paper  16  on the belt  33  is held by suction. 
   The belt  33  is driven in the clockwise direction in  FIG. 1  by the motive force of a motor (not shown in Drawings) being transmitted to at least one of the rollers  31  and  32 , which the belt  33  is set around, and the recording paper  16  held on the belt  33  is conveyed from left to right in  FIG. 1 . 
   Since ink adheres to the belt  33  when a marginless print job or the like is performed, a belt-cleaning unit  36  is disposed in a predetermined position (a suitable position outside the printing area) on the exterior side of the belt  33 . Although the details of the configuration of the belt-cleaning unit  36  are not shown, embodiments thereof include a configuration in which the belt  33  is nipped with a brush roller and a water absorbent roller, an air blow configuration in which clean air is blown onto the belt  33 , or a combination of these. In the case of the configuration in which the belt  33  is nipped with the cleaning roller, it is preferable to make the linear velocity of the cleaning roller different to that of the belt  33 , in order to improve the cleaning effect. 
   Instead of a suction belt conveyance unit  22 , it might also be possible to use a roller nip conveyance mechanism, but since the printing area passes through the roller nip, the printed surface of the paper makes contact with the rollers immediately after printing, and hence smearing of the image is liable to occur. Therefore, a suction belt conveyance mechanism in which nothing comes into contact with the image surface in the printing area is preferable. 
   A heating fan  40  is provided on the upstream side of the print unit  12  in the paper conveyance path formed by the suction belt conveyance unit  22 . This heating fan  40  blows heated air onto the recording paper  16  before printing, and thereby heats up the recording paper  16 . Heating the recording paper  16  before printing means that the ink will dry more readily after landing on the paper. 
   The print unit  12  is a so-called “full line head” in which a line head having a length corresponding to the maximum paper width is arranged in a direction (main scanning direction) that is perpendicular to the paper conveyance direction (sub-scanning direction) (see  FIG. 2 ). 
   As shown in  FIG. 2 , each of the print heads  12 K,  12 C,  12 M, and  12 Y is constituted by a line head, in which a plurality of ink ejection ports (nozzles) are arranged along a length that exceeds at least one side of the maximum-size recording paper  16  intended for use in the inkjet recording apparatus  10 . 
   The print heads  12 K,  12 C,  12 M, and  12 Y are arranged in the order of black (K), cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) from the upstream side (on the left hand side in  FIG. 1 ), along the conveyance direction of the recording paper  16  (paper conveyance direction). A color image can be formed on the recording paper  16  by ejecting the inks from the print heads  12 K,  12 C,  12 M, and  12 Y, respectively, onto the recording paper  16  while conveying the recording paper  16 . 
   The print unit  12 , in which the full-line heads covering the entire width of the paper are thus provided for the respective ink colors, can record an image over the entire surface of the recording paper  16  by performing the action of moving the recording paper  16  and the print unit  12  relative to each other in the paper conveyance direction (sub-scanning direction) just once (in other words, by means of a single sub-scan). Higher-speed printing is thereby made possible and productivity can be improved in comparison with a shuttle type head configuration in which a print head moves reciprocally in the direction (main scanning direction) that is perpendicular to the paper conveyance direction. 
   Here, the terms main scanning direction and sub-scanning direction are used in the following senses. More specifically, in a full-line head comprising rows of nozzles that have a length corresponding to the entire width of the recording paper, “main scanning” is defined as printing one line (a line formed of a row of dots, or a line formed of a plurality of rows of dots) in the breadthways direction of the recording paper (the direction perpendicular to the conveyance direction of the recording paper) by driving the nozzles in one of the following ways: (1) simultaneously driving all the nozzles; (2) sequentially driving the nozzles from one side toward the other; and (3) dividing the nozzles into blocks and sequentially driving the blocks of the nozzles from one side toward the other. The direction indicated by one line recorded by a main scanning action (the lengthwise direction of the band-shaped region thus recorded) is called the “main scanning direction”. 
   On the other hand, “sub-scanning” is defined as to repeatedly perform printing of one line (a line formed of a row of dots, or a line formed of a plurality of rows of dots) formed by the main scanning action, while moving the full-line head and the recording paper relatively to each other. The direction in which sub-scanning is performed is called the sub-scanning direction. Consequently, the conveyance direction of the recording paper is the sub-scanning direction and the direction perpendicular to same is called the main scanning direction. 
   Although a configuration with four standard colors, K M C and Y, is described in the present embodiment, the combinations of the ink colors and the number of colors are not limited to these, and light and/or dark inks can be added as required. For example, a configuration is possible in which print heads for ejecting light-colored inks such as light cyan and light magenta are added. 
   As shown in  FIG. 1 , the ink storing and loading unit  14  has ink tanks for storing the inks of the colors corresponding to the respective print heads  12 K,  12 C,  12 M, and  12 Y, and the respective tanks are connected to the print heads  12 K,  12 C,  12 M, and  12 Y by means of channels (not shown). The ink storing and loading unit  14  has a warning device (for example, a display device, an alarm sound generator, and the like) for warning when the remaining amount of any ink is low, and has a mechanism for preventing loading errors among the colors. 
   The print determination unit  24  has an image sensor (line sensor) for capturing an image of the ink-droplet deposition result of the printing unit  12 , and functions as a device to check for ejection defects such as clogs of the nozzles in the printing unit  12  from the ink-droplet deposition results evaluated by the image sensor. 
   The print determination unit  24  of the present embodiment is configured with at least a line sensor having rows of photoelectric transducing elements with a width that is greater than the ink-droplet ejection width (image recording width) of the print heads  12 K,  12 C,  12 M, and  12 Y. This line sensor has a color separation line CCD sensor including a red (R) sensor row composed of photoelectric transducing elements (pixels) arranged in a line provided with an R filter, a green (G) sensor row with a G filter, and a blue (B) sensor row with a B filter. Instead of a line sensor, it is possible to use an area sensor composed of photoelectric transducing elements which are arranged two-dimensionally. 
   The print determination unit  24  reads a test pattern image printed by the print heads  12 K,  12 C,  12 M, and  12 Y for the respective colors, and the ejection of each head is determined. The ejection determination includes the presence of the ejection, measurement of the dot size, and measurement of the dot deposition position. 
   A post-drying unit  42  is disposed following the print determination unit  24 . The post-drying unit  42  is a device to dry the printed image surface, and includes a heating fan, for example. It is preferable to avoid contact with the printed surface until the printed ink dries, and a device that blows heated air onto the printed surface is preferable. 
   In cases in which printing is performed with dye-based ink on porous paper, blocking the pores of the paper by the application of pressure prevents the ink from coming contact with ozone and other substance that cause dye molecules to break down, and has the effect of increasing the durability of the print. 
   A heating/pressurizing unit  44  is disposed following the post-drying unit  42 . The heating/pressurizing unit  44  is a device to control the glossiness of the image surface, and the image surface is pressed with a pressure roller  45  having a predetermined uneven surface shape while the image surface is heated, and the uneven shape is transferred to the image surface. 
   The printed matter generated in this manner is outputted from the paper output unit  26 . The target print (i.e., the result of printing the target image) and the test print are preferably outputted separately. In the inkjet recording apparatus  10 , a sorting device (not shown) is provided for switching the outputting pathways in order to sort the printed matter with the target print and the printed matter with the test print, and to send them to paper output units  26 A and  26 B, respectively. When the target print and the test print are simultaneously formed in parallel on the same large sheet of paper, the test print portion is cut and separated by a cutter (second cutter)  48 . The cutter  48  is disposed directly in front of the paper output unit  26 , and is used for cutting the test print portion from the target print portion when a test print has been performed in the blank portion of the target print. The structure of the cutter  48  is the same as the first cutter  28  described above, and has a stationary blade  48 A and a round blade  48 B. 
   Although not shown in  FIG. 1 , the paper output unit  26 A for the target prints is provided with a sorter for collecting prints according to print orders. 
   Next, a print head is described below. The print heads  12 K,  12 C,  12 M and  12 Y provided for the respective ink colors each have the same structure, and a print head forming a representative embodiment of these print heads is indicated by the reference numeral  50 .  FIG. 3A  shows a plan view perspective diagram of the print head  50  according to the present embodiment. 
     FIG. 3A  is a perspective plan view showing an embodiment of the configuration of the head  50 ,  FIG. 3B  is an enlarged view of a portion thereof,  FIG. 4  is a perspective plan view showing another embodiment of the configuration of the head  50 , and  FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view taken along the line  5 - 5  in  FIGS. 3A and 3B , showing the inner structure of a droplet ejection element (an ink chamber unit for one nozzle  51 ). 
   The nozzle pitch in the head  50  should be minimized in order to maximize the density of the dots printed on the surface of the recording paper  16 . As shown in  FIGS. 3A and 3B , the head  50  according to the present embodiment has a structure in which a plurality of ink chamber units (droplet ejection elements)  53 , each comprising a nozzle  51  forming an ink droplet ejection port, a pressure chamber  52  corresponding to the nozzle  51 , and the like, are disposed two-dimensionally in the form of a staggered matrix, and hence the effective nozzle interval (the projected nozzle pitch) as projected in the lengthwise direction of the head (the direction perpendicular to the paper conveyance direction) is reduced and high nozzle density is achieved. 
   The mode of forming one or more nozzle rows through a length corresponding to the entire width of the recording paper  16  in a direction substantially perpendicular to the conveyance direction of the recording paper  16  is not limited to the embodiment described above. For example, instead of the configuration in  FIG. 3A , as shown in  FIG. 4 , a line head having nozzle rows of a length corresponding to the entire width of the recording paper  16  can be formed by arranging and combining, in a staggered matrix, short head blocks  50 ′ having a plurality of nozzles  51  arrayed in a two-dimensional fashion. 
   As shown in  FIGS. 3A and 3B , the planar shape of the pressure chamber  52  provided for each nozzle  51  is substantially a square, and an outlet to the nozzle  51  and an inlet of supplied ink (supply port)  54  are disposed in both corners on a diagonal line of the square. The planar shape of the pressure chamber  52  is not limited to that described in the present embodiment, thus various shapes such as a square (rhombus, rectangle, or the like), pentagon, hexagon, other polygonal shapes, circle, and oval shape are possible. 
   As shown in  FIG. 5 , each pressure chamber  52  is connected to a common channel  55  through the supply port  54 . The common channel  55  is connected to an ink tank (not shown in  FIG. 4 ), which is a base tank that supplies ink, and the ink supplied from the ink tank  60  is delivered through the common flow channel  55  in  FIG. 5  to the pressure chambers  52 . 
   An actuator  58  provided with an individual electrode  57  is bonded to a pressure plate  56  (a diaphragm) which forms a part of (the ceiling in  FIG. 5 ) of the pressure chamber  52 . When a drive voltage is applied to the individual electrode  57 , the actuator  58  is deformed, the volume of the pressure chamber  52  is thereby changed, and the pressure in the pressure chamber  52  is thereby changed, so that the ink inside the pressure chamber  52  is thus ejected through the nozzle  51 . The actuator  58  is preferably a piezoelectric element. When ink is ejected, new ink is supplied to the pressure chamber  52  from the common flow channel  55  through the supply port  54 . 
     FIG. 6  is a schematic drawing showing the configuration of the ink supply system in the inkjet recording apparatus  10 . The ink tank  60  is a base tank for supplying ink to the print head  50  and is set in the ink storing and loading unit  14  described with reference to  FIG. 1 . The aspects of the ink tank  60  include a refillable type and a cartridge type: when the remaining amount of ink is low, the ink tank  60  of the refillable type is filled with ink through a filling port (not shown) and the ink tank  60  of the cartridge type is replaced with a new one. In order to change the ink type in accordance with the intended application, the cartridge type is suitable, and it is preferable to represent the ink type information with a bar code or the like on the cartridge, and to perform ejection control in accordance with the ink type. The ink tank  60  in  FIG. 6  is equivalent to the ink storing and loading unit  14  in  FIG. 1  described above. 
   A filter  62  for removing foreign matters and bubbles is disposed in the middle of a duct that links the ink tank  60  to the print head  50  as shown in  FIG. 6 . The filter mesh size in the filter  62  is preferably equivalent to or less than the diameter of the nozzle of the nozzle head  50  and commonly about 20 μm. 
   Although not shown in  FIG. 6 , it is preferable to provide a sub-tank integrally to the print head  50  or nearby the print head  50 . The sub-tank has a damper function for preventing variation in the internal pressure of the head and a function for improving refilling of the print head. 
   The inkjet recording apparatus  10  is also provided with a cap  64  as a device to prevent the nozzles from drying out or to prevent an increase in the ink viscosity in the vicinity of the nozzles, and a wiper blade (cleaning blade)  66  as a device to clean the nozzle face  50 A. 
   A maintenance unit comprising a cap  64  and a wiper blade  66  are arranged outside the conveyance path of the recording medium  16 , and the print head  50  is moved to a wiping position by a head movement device, which is not shown in the drawings. Alternatively, the maintenance unit may be designed to be movable with respect to the print head  50 , in such a manner that the maintenance unit is moved to a maintenance position below the print head  50  from a prescribed withdrawn position, as and when necessary. 
   The cap  64  is displaced upward and downward in a relative fashion with respect to the print head  50  by an elevator mechanism (not shown). When the power of the inkjet recording apparatus  10  is switched off or when the apparatus is in a standby state for printing, the elevator mechanism raises the cap  64  to a predetermined elevated position so as to make tight contact with the print head  50 , and the nozzle region of the nozzle surface  50 A is thereby covered by the cap  64 . 
   The wiper blade  66  is composed by an elastic member made of rubber, a porous body or resin, and can slide in the recording medium conveyance direction on the ink ejection surface (nozzle surface  50 A) of the print head  50  by means of a blade movement device. There are no particular restrictions on the blade movement device, but it is also suitable to use, for example, a ball screw conveyance device, a belt and pulley conveyance device, a rack and pinion conveyance device, or the like. 
   If there are ink droplets or foreign matter adhering to the nozzle surface  50 A, then the nozzle surface  50 A is wiped by causing the wiper blade  66  to slide over the nozzle surface  50 A, thereby cleaning same. A plurality of wiper blades  66  provided respectively for the print heads  50  of the respective colors ( 12 K,  12 C,  12 M,  12 Y) may be moved in a unified fashion, or they may be used respectively and individually. 
   During printing or during standby, if the use frequency of a particular nozzle  51  has declined and the ink viscosity in the vicinity of the nozzle  51  has increased, then a preliminary ejection is performed toward the cap  64 , in order to remove the ink that has degraded as a result of increasing in viscosity. 
   Also, when bubbles have become intermixed into the ink inside the print head  50  (the ink inside the pressure chambers  52 ), the cap  64  is placed on the print head  50 , ink (ink in which bubbles have become intermixed) inside the pressure chambers  52  is removed by suction with a suction pump  67 , and the ink removed by suction is sent to a recovery tank  68 . This suction operation is also carried out in order to suction and remove degraded ink which has hardened because of increasing in viscosity when ink is loaded into the print head for the first time, and when the use of the print head is started after having been out of use for a long period of time. 
   In other words, when a state in which ink is not ejected from the print head  50  continues for a certain amount of time or longer, the ink solvent in the vicinity of the nozzles  51  evaporates and the ink viscosity increases. In such a state, ink can no longer be ejected from the nozzles  51  even if the pressure generating devices (piezoelectric elements) for driving ejection are operated. Therefore, before a state of this kind is reached (while the ink is in a range of viscosity which allows ink to be ejected by means of operation of the pressure generating devices), a “preliminary ejection” is carried out, whereby the pressure generating devices are operated and the ink in the vicinity of the nozzles, which is of raised viscosity, is ejected toward the ink receptacle. Furthermore, after cleaning away soiling on the surface of the nozzle surface  50 A by means of a wiper, such as the cleaning blade  66 , provided as a cleaning device for the nozzle surface  50 A, a preliminary ejection is also carried out in order to prevent infiltration of foreign matter into the nozzles  51  because of the rubbing action of the wiper. The preliminary ejection is also referred to as “dummy ejection”, “purge”, “liquid ejection”, and so on. 
   When bubbles have become intermixed into a nozzle  51  or a pressure chamber  52 , or when the ink viscosity inside the nozzle  51  has increased over a certain level, ink can no longer be ejected by means of a preliminary ejection, and hence a suctioning action is carried out as follows. 
   More specifically, when bubbles have become intermixed into the ink inside a nozzle  51  and a pressure chamber  52 , or when the ink viscosity in inside a nozzle  51  is increased to a certain level or higher, ink can no longer be ejected from the nozzle even if the laminated pressure generating devices are operated. In a case of this kind, a cap  64  is placed on the nozzle surface  50 A of the print head  50 , and the ink containing air bubbles or the ink of increased viscosity inside the pressure chamber  52  is suctioned by a pump  67 . 
   However, this suction action is performed with respect to all of the ink in the pressure chambers  52 , and therefore the amount of ink consumption is considerable. Consequently, it is desirable that a preliminary ejection is carried out, whenever possible, while the increase in viscosity is still minor. The cap  64  illustrated in  FIG. 6  functions as a suctioning device and it can also function as an ink receptacle for preliminary ejection. 
   Moreover, desirably, the inside of the cap  64  is divided by means of partitions into a plurality of areas corresponding to the nozzle rows, thereby achieving a composition in which suction can be performed selectively in each of the demarcated areas, by means of a selector, or the like. 
   Next, the cleaning device for a print head according to the present embodiment is described below in detail. 
     FIG. 7  is an oblique diagram showing the relationship between the print heads and the cleaning device (wiper blades). 
   As shown in  FIG. 7 , in the inkjet recording apparatus  10  according to the present embodiment, a suction belt conveyance unit  22  which conveys a recording paper  16  in a parallel fashion is provided facing the print unit  12  comprising the print heads  12 Y,  12 M,  12 C and  12 K of the respective colors, and the wiper blades  66  ( 66 Y,  66 M,  66 C,  66 K) are arranged so as to correspond with the print heads  12 Y,  12 M,  12 C,  12 K respectively, in parallel with the print unit  12 , on the outside of the recording region. 
   During head cleaning (wiping), the print unit  12  is moved to a wiping position as indicated by the arrow A shown in  FIG. 7 , by the head movement device, which is not shown in the drawing. 
   Furthermore, during the wiping, the wiper blades  66  are moved in the conveyance direction of the recording medium as indicated by arrow B in  FIG. 7 , by means of a wiper movement device, which is not shown in  FIG. 7 , in such a manner that they are caused to wipe over the nozzle surfaces of the respective print heads  12 Y,  12 M,  12 C,  12 K. Since wiping is performed in the conveyance direction of the recording medium, banding and the like due to bending of the flight of the ejected ink in the direction perpendicular to the conveyance direction of the recording medium are not liable to occur. Therefore print quality is improved. 
   Furthermore, as shown in  FIG. 7 , the length L 1  of the wiper blades  66  is shorter than the length L 2  of the nozzle section of each of the print heads  12 Y,  12 M,  12 C and  12 K. Since the length L 1  of the wiper blades  66  is made shorter than the length L 2  of the nozzle sections, then the wiper blades  66  make tight contact uniformly with the nozzle surfaces of the print heads  12 Y,  12 M,  12 C and  12 K, and can therefore reliably wipe away the adhering ink. Moreover, if each of the wiper blades  66  and the suctioning cap section  64  are arranged in alignment in a direction perpendicular to the conveyance direction of the recording medium, then it is possible to reduce the size of the apparatus in accordance with the shortening of the length of the wiper blades. 
     FIG. 8  is an oblique enlarged view of the wiper blades  66 . 
   As shown in  FIG. 8 , the wiper blades  66  ( 66 Y,  66 M,  66 C,  66 K) are attached to supporting members  72  ( 72 Y,  72 M,  72 C,  72 K), and the supporting members  72  ( 72 Y,  72 M,  72 C,  72 K) are attached to the top of a wiper moving device  74 . There are no particular restrictions on the wiper movement device  74 , and suitable system embodiments of the wiper movement device  74  include, for example, a ball screw conveyance device, a belt and pulley conveyance device, a rack and pinion conveyance device, and the like. 
   The wiper movement device  74  moves the wiper blades  66  in a unified fashion in the conveyance direction of the recording medium, as indicated by the arrow B in  FIGS. 7 and 8 . However, rather than moving the wiper blades  66  together in this way, it is also possible to move the wiper blades  66  separately and independently. 
   The wiper blades  66  are formed by elastic members made of rubber, porous material, resin, or the like, for example, and a plurality of grooves  70  are formed on either surface of each blade. The density of the grooves  70  becomes higher toward the end portion  71  of the wiper blade  66  (i.e., the density of the grooves  70  becomes gradually greater in a direction toward the end portion  71  of the wiper blade  66 , as shown  FIG. 8 ). 
   By forming the grooves  70  so as to have a greater density in one end section  71  of a wiper blade  66  in this way, rather than uniformly, then the end section  71  where there is a large number of grooves  70  has good ink removing properties because of the capillary action of the grooves  70 . Furthermore, since the residual ink which is not removed from a wiper blade  66  is guided to the side where the grooves  70  are formed at low density, then it is possible to prevent ink from spilling out from the wiper blade  66  onto the nozzle surface corresponding to the side where the grooves are formed at high density. Hence the reliability of ejection from the nozzles on the high-density side after wiping can be improved. 
     FIGS. 9A to 9C  and  FIGS. 10A to 10C  show further embodiments of the composition of a wiper blade  66 . 
   Firstly, in the embodiment of a wiper blade  66  shown in  FIG. 9A , grooves  70   a  are formed in a radiating shape obliquely from the upper end of the blade (from the upper right end of the blade in terms of the diagram) in the wiper blade  66   a  fixed to a supporting member  72   a . The number of grooves  70   a  becomes greater and hence the groove density increases, toward the right end section  71   a  of the blade (i.e., the density of the grooves  70   a  becomes gradually greater in a direction toward the right end section  71   a  of the wiper blade  66   a ). Consequently, the ink removing properties are better in the right end section  71   a  where there are a large number of grooves  70   a.    
   Furthermore, in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 9B , parallel grooves  70   b  are formed in a wiper blade  66   b  on a supporting member  72   b , and the width of the grooves  70   b  increases progressively toward the right end section  71   b . Accordingly, the ink removing properties are better in the right end section  71   b.    
   Furthermore, in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 9C , a plurality of holes  76  are provided in a surface of a wiper blade  66   c  on a supporting member  72   c , in such a manner that the density of the holes is progressively higher in a direction toward one end section  71   c  of the blade (i.e., the nearer the one end section  71   c  of the blade, the higher the density of the holes), and in such a manner that ink wiped off by the wiper blade  66   c  can be suctioned through the holes  76  by a suction device (e.g., pump)  78  via a suction path  77 . In this embodiment, since the number of holes  76  for suctioning becomes greater progressively toward the right end section  71   c , then the ink removing properties also improve toward this end section. 
   By carrying out suctioning to actively gather waste ink after wiping, the waste ink produced by wiping can be discarded readily. Furthermore, the wiper blade  66   c  is maintained in a clean state at all times, flying scattering of ink caused by the restoring action of the wiper blade  66   c  due to its elastic properties is reduced, and increased viscosity and solidification of the residual ink can be prevented. 
   Next, in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 10A , a wiper blade  66   d  is constituted by joining together a plurality of porous members  80 , in such a manner that porous members  80  having higher ink absorptivity are used toward one end section  71   d  (the nearer the one end section  71   d , the greater the ink absorptivities of the porous members  80 ). Thereby, the ink absorptivity becomes larger in the right end section and hence the ink removing properties are greater in this section. Consequently, it is possible to increase the ink absorptivity of the wiper blade  66   d , and hence to improve the nozzle restoration properties during wiping of a nozzle surface, by means of the capillary action of the porous members  80 . 
   Furthermore, in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 10B , a heater  82  is provided in the wiper blade  66   e , and the density of the heater wires is increased toward the position of one end section  71   e  (the nearer the one end section  71   e , the greater the density of the heater wires), in such a manner that the temperature increases toward that end section  71   e  (the nearer the one end section  71   e , the higher the temperature). Accordingly, when a high-viscosity ink of 10 mPa·s or above is used, for example, it is possible to reduce the viscosity of the ink by raising the temperature of the ink, and hence the wiping characteristics can be improved. Moreover, by providing a differential in the fluidity within the wiper blade  66   e , a differential in ink removing properties is created, and therefore it is possible to reduce the ink which spills out from the end section  71   e  of the wiper blade  66   e.    
   Furthermore, in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 10C , a surface of the wiper blade  66   f  is formed to have increased hydrophobic properties toward one end section  71   f  (the nearer the one end section  71   f , the greater the water repellency of the surface of the wiper blade  66   f ), thereby improving the characteristics of guiding the ink toward the other end section which has lower hydrophobic properties (lower water repellency) and hence increasing the ink removing properties in the right end section  71   f.    
   Next, the operation of the wiper blade  66  during wiping is described below. 
     FIGS. 11A to 14B  show the operation of the wiper blade  66  during wiping. 
     FIGS. 11A and 11B  shows a state at the start of wiping.  FIG. 11A  is a front view diagram and  FIG. 11B  is a side view diagram. 
   When wiping starts, the print head  50  ( 12 ) is moved in the direction indicated by the arrow A in  FIG. 7 , by means of the head movement device (not shown in the drawing), and the print head  50  is halted at the wiping start position as shown in  FIGS. 11A and 11B . 
   As shown in  FIG. 11A , the wiping start position is a position where the end section  90 A of the ink  90  adhering to the nozzle surface  50 A of the print head  50  coincides with the right end section  71  of the wiper blade  66  where the grooves  70  formed on a surface of the wiper blade  66  are formed at high density. 
   Furthermore, in this case, as shown in  FIG. 11B , when viewed from the side, the wiper blade  66  is positioned to the rear side of the print head  50 , achieving an arrangement whereby, when the wiper blade  66  is subsequently moved in the direction indicated by arrow B during wiping, the front end of the wiper blade  66  is able to wipe away the ink  90  adhering to the nozzle surface  50 A of the print head  50 . 
     FIG. 12  shows a state during wiping. The state of (a) in  FIG. 12  is a front view diagram, the state of (b) in  FIG. 12  is a side view diagram, and the state of (c) in  FIG. 12  is a plan diagram. 
   During wiping, as shown in (b) in  FIG. 12 , the wiper blade  66  is moved in the direction of arrow B by means of the wiper movement device  74  (see  FIG. 8 ) which is not shown in (b) in  FIG. 12 . When observed in front view, the wiper blade  66  is moved from the rear side to the near side of the plane of (a) in  FIG. 12 . The ink  90  adhering to the nozzle surface  50 A of the print head  50  is swept by the wiper blade  66 , and it travels along the grooves  70  formed on the surface of the wiper blade  66  and flows downward. In this case, on the side of the wiper blade  66  where grooves  70  are formed at high density on the right end section  71 , the ink removing properties are good, and when the wiper blade  66  wipes over a nozzle surface  50 A, there is no residual ink  90  left unwiped on the nozzle surface  50 A. 
   Consequently, as shown in (c) in  FIG. 12  which depicts a state where the wiper blade  66  has wiped over the nozzle surface  50 A in the direction of the arrow B, no residual unwiped ink  90  is left on the nozzle surface  50 A after wiping by the wiper blade  66 , particularly on the region corresponding to the right-hand side of the wiper blade  66 . 
   As indicated by the arrow B in (b) in  FIG. 12 , when the wiper blade  66  has been wiped over the nozzle surface  50 A from the rear side of the print head  50  toward the front side (from the right side to the left side in (b) in  FIG. 12 ), the wiper blade  66  is positioned on the opposite side (front surface side) of the print head  50 , as shown in (b) in  FIG. 13 . In this case, the nozzle surface  50 A is wiped in the opposite direction, by the opposite surface of the wiper blade  66 , as indicated by the arrow B′ shown in (b) in  FIG. 13 . 
   By means of this wiping action, the ink  90  in the portion  90 B to the left-hand side of the portion which is wiped by the previous action as shown in (c) in  FIG. 12  is wiped. In this wiping action, as shown (a) and (c) in  FIG. 13 , the print head  50  is moved by a prescribed amount X which is shorter than the length L 1  of the wiper blade  66 , in the rightward direction in (a) and (c) in  FIG. 13 . 
   As shown in (b) in  FIG. 14 , the wiper blade  66  is wiped from the front surface side of the print head  50  toward the rear surface side (from the left side to the right side in (b) in  FIG. 14 ) as indicated by the arrow B′ in (b) in  FIG. 14 . In this case, as shown in (a) in  FIG. 14 , since the ink removing properties are higher in the end section  71  where the grooves  70  are formed at high density in the wiper blade  66  (the grooves are not shown in (a) in  FIG. 14  since the adhering ink  90  is wiped away by the far surface of the wiper blade  66  depicted in (a) in  FIG. 14 ), then the residual unwiped ink  90  does not overflow on the right side of the wiper blade  66 . 
   As shown in (c) in  FIG. 14 , by means of the wiper blade  66  wiping over the nozzle surface  50 A in the direction of the arrow B′, it is possible to wipe away the ink  90  in the portion indicated by reference numeral  90 B, and it is possible to prevent the ink  90  which has already been wiped from spilling out onto the nozzle surface  50 A on the high-density side. Consequently, it is possible to remove the ink  90  on the nozzle surface  50 A completely, and hence the ejection reliability can be improved. 
   By repeating, a plurality of times, actions of alternately performing wiping in the B direction and the B′ direction, and the head feeding (by a feed amount X), until the whole length of the print head  50  has been wiped, it is possible to wipe the whole of the nozzle surface  50 A of the print head  50 . 
   In the embodiment described above, one wiper blade  66  of short length is prepared for each of the print heads  50  ( 12 Y,  12 M,  12 C,  12 K), and bidirectional wiping is repeated while the print heads  50  are gradually moved, by a small distance at a time, in the lengthwise direction of the wiping blades  66 ; however, as shown in  FIG. 15 , it is also possible to provide a group of wiping blades  66  of short length with respect to each of the print head  50  ( 12 Y,  12 M,  12 C,  12 K) in a staggered and mutually overlapping fashion so as to cover the whole length of the corresponding print head  50 .  FIG. 15  only depicts the group of wiper blades  66  corresponding to the print head  12 Y for yellow ink, as an example, but groups of wiper blades  66  of this kind are arranged respectively for the print heads  12 Y,  12 M,  12 C and  12 K. 
   According to this composition, it is possible to wipe the whole of a nozzle surface  50 A by wiping the nozzle surface  50 A just once with this group of wiper blades  66  after the print head  50  is moved to a wiping position during wiping. If the blades perform the wiping alternately in two directions, then it is necessary to increase the ink removing properties at one end section of both sides of the wiper blade  66  by forming grooves, or the like, at higher density on the one end section of the both sides; however, if the wiping is performed only once in one direction as in the present embodiment, then a composition of this kind which has increased ink removing properties at one end section only needs to be provided on one side of the wiper blade  66 . 
   Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the print head is moved to a wiping position by means of a head movement device, but the invention is not limited to this. It is also possible to provide the wiper blades with devices for moving them in the direction of arrow A, in such a manner that each of the wiper blades is moved to the wiping position. 
   Next, a second embodiment of the present invention is described below. In the present embodiment, a nozzle observation device (image recognition device) is provided on the downstream side of the print unit  12  (i.e., after the print unit  12 ). The print output results are read in as image information by the nozzle observation device, and then the presence or absence of a nozzle suffering an ejection abnormality is determined. If an ejection abnormality nozzle is discovered, then a wiping operation, in which a nozzle surface is wiped, is carried out from the vicinity of that ejection abnormality nozzle. 
   By adopting this composition, wiping is not carried out with respect to nozzles which are not suffering a particular abnormality and do not require a wiping operation, and therefore, adverse effects based on wiping are not caused to such normal nozzles and the ejection reliability can be improved. 
     FIG. 16  shows the periphery of a print unit  12  and wiping blades  66  of an inkjet recording apparatus  10  according to the present embodiment. 
   As shown in  FIG. 16 , the print determination unit  24  provided on the downstream side of the print unit  12  is used as a nozzle observation device. As stated above, the print determination unit  24  has an image sensor for capturing an image of the droplet ejection result by the print unit  12 , and it serves to determine a nozzle suffering a nozzle blockage or other ejection abnormalities according to the droplet ejection image read in by the image sensor. 
   If an ejection abnormality location  92  which has an abnormality such as banding, is determined on the recording paper  16  by means of the print determination unit  24 , and if the corresponding nozzle is taken to be an ejection abnormality nozzle, then the print head  50  is moved to the position corresponding to the ejection abnormality nozzle in such a manner that wiping starts from the position of the ejection abnormality nozzle, and wiping is then started. 
   In this way, in the present embodiment, since an ejection abnormality nozzle arising during printing is confirmed and wiping is carried out on the basis of the confirmation, then the reliability of the apparatus is improved. Furthermore, since abnormalities are determined on the basis of print output results, then it is possible to improve the print quality. 
   The nozzle observation device is not limited to one which captures an image of the print results by means of an image sensor as described above; for example, it is also possible to provide sensors which determine pressure change in the vicinity of the nozzles inside the print head  50 , or residual vibrations of the piezoelectric elements, or the like. According to these sensors, ejection abnormalities can be determined during printing. 
   Furthermore, by accommodating a nozzle observation device inside the print head in this way, it is also possible to make the apparatus compact in size. 
   Moreover, as a nozzle observation device, it is also possible to provide sensors which directly observe the state of flight of the ink droplets ejected from the nozzles, outside the print head  50 . According to these sensors, since the state of flight of the ink droplets is observed directly, then the determination accuracy with respect to an ejection abnormality nozzle is excellent. 
   Next, a third embodiment of the present invention is described below. In this embodiment, the nozzle surface of a print head is observed and a wiping operation (sliding operation) is carried out from a location where there is soiling on the nozzle surface. 
     FIG. 17  shows the periphery of a print unit  12  and wiping blades  66  of an inkjet recording apparatus  10  according to the present embodiment. 
   As shown in  FIG. 17 , a nozzle observation device  94  is provided at the lower side of the belt  33  of the suction belt conveyance unit  22 . There are no particular restrictions on the nozzle observation device  94 , and it is, for example, an imaging device, such as a CCD, which observes (captures an image of) the nozzle surface  50 A of the print head  50  via a transparent section  33   a  provided in the belt  33 . The nozzle observation device  94  is provided movably in a reciprocal fashion in the directions indicated by the arrow C in  FIG. 17 , by means of a movement device with respect to the conveyance direction of the recording medium. 
   The nozzle observation device  94  is moved in accordance with the movement of the transparent section  33   a  of the belt  33 , and the state of a nozzle surface  50 A is observed while the transparent section  33   a  and the nozzle observation device  94  are moved in a position opposing the print head  50 . 
   If, as a result of the observation, the presence of accumulated ink or adherence of foreign material on the nozzle surface  50 A is confirmed, then a wiping action is started from the vicinity of same. 
   According to the present embodiment, abnormalities on the nozzle surface arising during printing can be confirmed, and a wiping operation can be carried out accordingly. Therefore, the reliability of the apparatus can be improved. Furthermore, since wiping is not carried out in respect of normal nozzles which do not require wiping, then it is possible to improve the reliability of wiping. 
   As described above, in the related art, it has been sought to improve wiping characteristics by uniformly moving ink wiped by the whole region of the front end section of a wiper blade to a position outside the front end section, whereas in embodiments of the present invention, the ink removing properties are increased toward one end portion of the front end section of the wiper blade and the ink remaining on the nozzle surface of the print head is guided to the end portion where the ink removing properties are lower. 
   Furthermore, in the related art, the wiper blade is a relatively long blade which covers the whole of the nozzle section of a long head, whereas in the present embodiment, it is a wiper blade which is shorter than the nozzle section of the print head. 
   Therefore, when the region of the long head is divided into several sections and the divided sections are wiped in a successive fashion, it is possible to guide ink remaining on the nozzle surface toward a section that is to be wiped next (namely, a section near the end side having lower ink removing properties), and hence ink does not remain on the nozzle surface of the section which has previously been wiped. 
   Furthermore, when a long head is wiped in the conveyance direction of the recording medium, a short wiper blade can more readily be made to contact the head tightly in a uniform fashion, and hence the occurrence of residual unwiped ink can be reduced and therefore print quality can be stabilized. Moreover, in a mode where the print head is moved to a region outside the recording section and is then wiped, the apparatus can be reduced in size in accordance with the reduced length of the wiper blade. 
   Furthermore, if, in particular, an ejection abnormality nozzle or a soiled location on the nozzle surface is determined and wiping is started from there, then normal nozzles are not wiped unnecessarily from the wiping start position through to the region where wiping is not required, and hence the reliability of ink ejection can be improved. 
   Inkjet recording apparatuses according to the present invention has been described in detail above; however, the present invention is not limited to the aforementioned embodiments, and it is of course possible for improvements or modifications of various kinds to be implemented, within a range which does not deviate from the essence of the present invention. 
   It should be understood that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, alternate constructions and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.