Patent Publication Number: US-2023149564-A1

Title: Aav-naglu vectors for treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis iiib

Description:
STATEMENT OF PRIORITY 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/993,266, filed Mar. 23, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to viral vectors for delivery of α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU) to a subject. In some aspects the NAGLU sequence is optimized for expression in human cells. The invention further relates to methods of using the vector to increase secretion of NAGLU from a cell and for treatment and prevention of mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIIB (also called Sanfilippo syndrome type B) is a devastating autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease (LSD), caused by defects in the gene encoding α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU), a lysosomal enzyme essential for the degradation of heparan sulfates (HS), a class of biologically important glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The lack of NAGLU activity results in the accumulation of undegraded and/or partially degraded HS in lysosomes in cells of virtually all organs. Cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are particularly affected, resulting in severe progressive neurological manifestations that lead to high morbidity and premature death (Neufeld et al., in  The metabolic  &amp;  molecular basis of inherited disease  (eds C. R. Scriver, A. L. Beaudet, W. S. Sly, &amp; D. Valle) 3421-3452 (McGraw-Hill, 2001); Weber et al.,  Eur. J. Hum. Genet.  7:34-44 (1999)). Infants with MPS IIIB appear normal at birth, but after 1-2 years of relatively normal development, progressive developmental delay and severe neurological disorders ensue (Valstar et al.,  J. Inherit. Metab. Dis . doi:10.1007/s10545-008-0838-5 (2008)). Somatic manifestations of MPS IIIB occur in all patients, but are mild relative to other forms of MPS. The majority of MPS IIIB patients are diagnosed at age 3-6 years when they have developed profound neurological disorders. Deaths occur typically in teenage years. No treatment is currently available for MPS IIIB (Valayannopoulos et al.,  Rheumatology  ( Oxford ) 50 Suppl 5, v49-59, doi:ker396 [pii] 10.1093/rheumatology/ker396 (2011)). Therapies have been limited to supportive care. Therefore, there is urgent unmet medical need for MPS IIIB. 
     Gene therapy targeting the root cause is ideal for treating MPS IIIB, if broadly delivered to CNS and peripheral tissues, because of the potential for long-term endogenous production of recombinant enzymes. The by-stander effects of NAGLU enzyme allow optimal benefits without the need to transduce every cell (Neufeld et al.,  Ann. NY Acad. Sci.  179:580-587 (1971)). Among the gene delivery strategies, recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vector is an ideal tool for this application because it is safe with demonstrated long-term expression in the CNS and periphery (Foust et al.,  Nature Biotechnol.  27:59-65 (2009)). The demonstrated trans-blood brain barrier (BBB)-neurotropic AAV9 (Foust et al.,  Nature Biotechnol.  27:59-65 (2009); Zincarelli et al.,  Mol. Ther.  16:1073-1080 (2008); Duque et al.,  Mol. Ther.  17:1187-1196, doi:mt200971 [pii] 10.1038/mt.2009.71 (2009)) has offered a great gene delivery tool for the treatment of monogenic diseases with neurological manifestations. Previously, the inventors developed a gene therapy product using rAAV9 vector to deliver the human NAGLU gene (hNAGLU) cDNA driven by the CMV promoter via systemic delivery, leading to the IND approval for a Phase I/II gene therapy clinical trial in patients with MPS IIIB (NCT03315182) (Fu et al.,  Mol. Ther.  19:1025-1033, doi:mt201134 [pii]10.1038/mt.2011.34 (2011); Meadows et al.,  Human Gene Ther. Clin. Dev.  26:228-242, doi:10.1089/humc.2015.132 (2015); Murrey et al.,  Human Gene Ther. Clin. Dev.  25:72-84, doi:10.1089/humc.2013.208 (2014)). 
     The present invention addresses unmet needs by providing improved therapeutic efficacy. The invention provides improved viral vectors for expression of NAGLU in the CNS and methods for treating or preventing MPS IIIB. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention is based on the finding that the use of AAV vectors comprising a nucleic acid encoding NAGLU that is codon-optimized for expression in human cells provides an unexpected increase in both expression and secretion of NAGLU. These vectors can be used advantageously for treatment of MPS IIIB as the treatment may be more effective than previous vectors for the dual reasons of enhanced expression levels in infected cells and increased bystander effect in non-infected cells due to enhanced secretion. 
     Thus, one aspect of the invention relates to a recombinant nucleic acid comprising a sequence encoding human α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU) that is codon-optimized for expression in human cells, wherein the recombinant nucleic acid comprises a nucleotide sequence at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO:1. 
     Another aspect of the invention relates to an AAV vector genome comprising the nucleic acid of the invention, an AAV particle comprising the AAV vector genome, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the AAV particle. 
     A further aspect of the invention relates to a method of producing a recombinant AAV particle comprising an AAV capsid, the method comprising: providing a cell in vitro with an AAV Cap and AAV Rep coding sequences, the AAV vector genome of the invention, and helper functions for generating a productive AAV infection; and allowing assembly of the recombinant AAV particle comprising the AAV capsid and encapsidating the AAV vector genome. 
     An additional aspect of the invention relates to a method of expressing NAGLU in a cell, comprising contacting the cell with an effective amount of an AAV particle of the invention, thereby expressing NAGLU in the cell. 
     Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of increasing secretion of NAGLU from a cell, comprising contacting the cell with an effective amount of the AAV particle of the invention, thereby increasing secretion of NAGLU from the cell relative to the secretion of NAGLU after contacting the cell with an AAV particle comprising a nucleic acid comprising the wild-type sequence for NAGLU. 
     A further aspect of the invention relates to a method of delivering NAGLU to a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the AAV particle or the pharmaceutical formulation of the invention, thereby delivering NAGLU to the subject. 
     An additional aspect of the invention relates to a method of treating or delaying the onset of mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB (MPS IIIB) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the AAV particle or the pharmaceutical formulation of the invention, thereby treating or delaying the onset of MPS IIIB in the subject. 
     These and other aspects of the invention are set forth in more detail in the description of the invention below. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    shows the schematic structure of rAAV-hNAGLU op  (PP viral vector genomes. ITR: AAV2 terminal repeat; SD: SV40 splicing signal; hNAGLU op : codon-optimized human α-N-acetylglucosaminidase cDNA; PA: SV40 polyadenylation signal; CBA: chicken β actin promoter with CMV enhancer; CMV: human CMV immediate early enhancer/promoter. 
         FIGS.  2 A- 2 C  show AAV-hNAGLU op  mediated effective expression and enhanced secretion of rNAGLU in vitro. HEK 293 cells were transfected in duplicates with 1 μg plasmid of pAAV-CMV-hNAGLU (CMV-NAG), pAAV-CBA-hNAGLU op  (CBA-NAG-op), or pAAV-CMV-hNAGLU op  (CMV-NAG-op). Controls were non-transfected cells (NT). Cell lysates and media were assayed in duplicates for NAGLU activity at 48 h post transfection. 
         FIGS.  3 A- 3 C  show AAV9-mediated persistent restoration of NAGLU activity in the CNS and peripheral tissues in MPS IIIB mice following an IV vector delivery. MPS IIIB mice were treated at age 1 month (B, C), 3 months (A), or 6 months (C) with an IV injection of 1×10 13  vg/kg (B) or 2×10 13  vg/kg (A, C) rAAV9-CBA-hNAGLU op . Tissues were assayed for NAGLU activity at 1 week post-injection (pi) (A), 1 month pi (A, C), 7 months pi (B) or endpoint (B, C). NAGLU activity is expressed as units/mg protein, 1 unit=nmol of 4 MU released/hr. There was no detectable NAGLU activity in tissues in non-treated MPS IIIB mice. m/m: Injection age/testing time. *: p&lt;0.05 vs. WT;  # : p&gt;0.05 vs. WT. 
         FIGS.  4 A- 4 C  show AAV9-mediated persistent restoration of NAGLU activity in the CNS and peripheral tissues in MPS IIIB mice following an IV delivery of rAAV9-CMV-hNAGLU op . MPS IIIB mice were treated at age 1 month (A), 3 months (B), or 6 months (C) with a IV injection of 1×10 13  vg/kg (A), or 2×10 13  vg/kg (B, C) rAAV9-CMV-hNAGLU op . Tissues were assayed for NAGLU activity at 1 week pi (B), 1 month pi (B, C), 7 m pi (A) or endpoint (A, C). NAGLU activity is expressed as units/mg protein, 1 unit=nmol of 4 MU released/hr. There was no detectable NAGLU activity in tissues in non-treated MPS IIIB mice. m/m: Injection age/testing time. *: p&lt;0.05 vs. WT;  # : p&gt;0.05 vs. WT. 
         FIGS.  5 A- 5 C  show clearance of GAG contents in the CNS and peripheral tissues in MPS IIIB mice following an IV rAAV9 vector delivery. MPS IIIB mice were treated at age 1 month (B, C), 3 months (A) or 6 months (C) with an IV injection of 1×10 13  vg/kg (B) or 2×10 13  vg/kg (A, C) rAAV9-CBA-hNAGLU op . Tissues were assayed for GAG contents at 7 days pi (A), 1 month pi (A, C), 7 months pi (B) or endpoint (B, C). GAG contents are expressed as μg/mg wet tissue. WT: wt mice; m/m: Injection age/testing time. *: p&lt;0.05 vs. IIIB;  # : p&gt;0.05 vs. IIIB; {circumflex over ( )}: p&lt;0.05 vs. WT; +: p&gt;0.05. 
         FIGS.  6 A- 6 C  show clearance of GAG contents in the CNS and peripheral tissues in MPS IIIB mice following an IV rAAV9-CMV-hNAGLU op  delivery. MPS IIIB mice were treated at age 1 month (A), 3 months (B) or 6 months (C) with a IV injection of 1×10 13  vg/kg (A) or 2×10 13  vg/kg (B, C) rAAV9-CMV-hNAGLU op . Tissues were assayed for GAG contents at 7 days pi (A), 1 month pi (A, C), 7 months pi (B) or endpoint (B, C). GAG contents is expressed as μg/mg wet tissue. WT: wt mice; m/m: Injection age/testing time. *: p&lt;0.05 vs. IIIB;  # : p&gt;0.05 vs. IIIB; {circumflex over ( )}: p&lt;0.05 vs. WT; +: p&gt;0.05. 
         FIGS.  7 A- 7 C  show correction of lysosomal storage pathology and astrocytosis. MPS IIIB mice were treated with an IV injection of 1×10 13  vg/kg rAAV9-CBA-hNAGLU op  at age 1 month and necropsy was performed at 7 months pi for tissue analyses. Paraffin tissue sections (4 μm) were assayed by immunofluorescence for lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1, Red fluorescence) (A, C) or GFAP (green fluorescence) (B). A &amp; B: brain and eye tissues: CTX: cerebral cortex; TH: thalamus; BS: brain stem; Ret: retina; ON: outer nuclear layer; IN: inner nuclear layer. C. somatic and eye tissues: Liv: liver; Lung; Spl: spleen; Cil: ciliary body of eye; NT: non-treated MPS IIIA; AAV9: vector treated MPS IIIB mice. 
         FIGS.  8 A- 8 B  show correction of behavior deficits and extension of survival in MPS IIIB mice following a systemic delivery of rAAV9-CBA-hNAGLU op . MPS IIIB mice were treated with an IV injection of 1×10 13  vg/kg, or 2×10 13  vg/kg scAAV9-CBA-hNAGLU op  vector at age 1 month or 6 months, and were tested for behavior in a hidden task and swimming ability in Morris water maze test at age 7 months (A). WT and non-treated MPS IIIB mice were used as controls. m/m: injection age/testing age. Subsets of animals were observed for longevity (B). 
         FIGS.  9 A- 9 B  show correction of behavior deficits and extension of survival in MPS IIIB mice following a systemic delivery of rAAV9-CMV-hNAGLUop. MPS IIIB mice were treated with an IV injection of 1×10 13  vg/kg, or 2×10 13  vg/kg scAAV9-CBA-hNAGLUop vector at age 1 month or 6 months, and were tested for behavior in a hidden task and swimming ability in Morris water maze at age 8 months (A). Subsets of animals were observed for longevity (B). WT and non-treated MPS IIIB mice were used as controls. m/m: injection age/testing age. 
         FIGS.  10 A- 10 B  show bio-distribution of systemically delivered rAAV9-CBA-hNAGLU op . MPS IIIAB mice were treated by an IV injection of 1×10 13  vg/kg (A) or 2×10 13  vg/kg (B) rAAV9-CBA-hNAGLU op  at age 1 month (A, B), 3 months (B), or 6 months (B). Tissues were assayed by qPCR at different time points pi. Data expressed as vector genome per diploid genome (vg/dg). &lt;0.01 vg/dg was detected in tissue in non-treated mice. NT: non-treated mice; m/m: injection age/testing time. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     Nucleotide sequences are presented herein by single strand only, in the 5′ to 3′ direction, from left to right, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Nucleotides and amino acids are represented herein in the manner recommended by the IUPAC-IUB Biochemical Nomenclature Commission, or (for amino acids) by either the one-letter code, or the three letter code, both in accordance with 37 CFR § 1.822 and established usage. See, e.g.,  PatentIn User Manual,  99-102 (November 1990) (U.S. Patent and Trademark Office). 
     Except as otherwise indicated, standard methods known to those skilled in the art may be used for the construction of recombinant parvovirus and AAV (rAAV) constructs, packaging vectors expressing the parvovirus Rep and/or Cap sequences, and transiently and stably transfected packaging cells. Such techniques are known to those skilled in the art. See, e.g., SAMBROOK et al., MOLECULAR CLONING: A LABORATORY MANUAL 2nd Ed. (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1989); AUSUBEL et al., CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (Green Publishing Associates, Inc. and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., New York). 
     Moreover, the present invention also contemplates that in some embodiments of the invention, any feature or combination of features set forth herein can be excluded or omitted. 
     [To illustrate further, if, for example, the specification indicates that a particular amino acid can be selected from A, G, I, L and/or V, this language also indicates that the amino acid can be selected from any subset of these amino acid(s) for example A, G, I or L; A, G, I or V; A or G; only L; etc. as if each such subcombination is expressly set forth herein. Moreover, such language also indicates that one or more of the specified amino acids can be disclaimed. For example, in particular embodiments the amino acid is not A, G or I; is not A; is not G or V; etc. as if each such possible disclaimer is expressly set forth herein. 
     Definitions 
     The following terms are used in the description herein and the appended claims. 
     The singular forms “a” and “an” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. 
     Furthermore, the term “about,” as used herein when referring to a measurable value such as an amount of the length of a polynucleotide or polypeptide sequence, dose, time, temperature, and the like, is meant to encompass variations of 20%, 10%, 5%, 1%, 0.5%, or even 0.1% of the specified amount. 
     Also as used herein, “and/or” refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, as well as the lack of combinations when interpreted in the alternative (“or”). 
     As used herein, the transitional phrase “consisting essentially of” is to be interpreted as encompassing the recited materials or steps “and those that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s)” of the claimed invention (e.g., rAAV replication). Thus, the term “consisting essentially of” as used herein should not be interpreted as equivalent to “comprising.” 
     The term “consists essentially of” (and grammatical variants), as applied to a polynucleotide or polypeptide sequence of this invention, means a polynucleotide or polypeptide that consists of both the recited sequence (e.g., SEQ ID NO) and a total of ten or less (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10) additional nucleotides or amino acids on the 5′ and/or 3′ or N-terminal and/or C-terminal ends of the recited sequence such that the function of the polynucleotide or polypeptide is not materially altered. The total of ten or less additional nucleotides or amino acids includes the total number of additional nucleotides or amino acids on both ends added together. The term “materially altered,” as applied to polynucleotides of the invention, refers to an increase or decrease in ability to express the encoded polypeptide of at least about 50% or more as compared to the expression level of a polynucleotide consisting of the recited sequence. The term “materially altered,” as applied to polypeptides of the invention, refers to an increase or decrease in enzymatic activity of at least about 50% or more as compared to the activity of a polypeptide consisting of the recited sequence. 
     The term “parvovirus” as used herein encompasses the family Parvoviridae, including autonomously-replicating parvoviruses and dependoviruses. The autonomous parvoviruses include members of the genera Parvovirus, Erythrovirus, Densovirus, Iteravirus, and Contravirus. Exemplary autonomous parvoviruses include, but are not limited to, minute virus of mouse, bovine parvovirus, canine parvovirus, chicken parvovirus, feline panleukopenia virus, feline parvovirus, goose parvovirus, H1 parvovirus, muscovy duck parvovirus, snake parvovirus, and B19 virus. Other autonomous parvoviruses are known to those skilled in the art. See, e.g., FIELDS et al., VIROLOGY, volume 2, chapter 69 (4th ed., Lippincott-Raven Publishers). 
     The genus Dependovirus contains the adeno-associated viruses (AAV), including but not limited to, AAV type 1, AAV type 2, AAV type 3 (including types 3A and 3B), AAV type 4, AAV type 5, AAV type 6, AAV type 7, AAV type 8, AAV type 9, AAV type 10, AAV type 11, AAV type 12, AAV type 13, avian AAV, bovine AAV, canine AAV, goat AAV, snake AAV, equine AAV, and ovine AAV. See, e.g., FIELDS et al., VIROLOGY, volume 2, chapter 69 (4th ed., Lippincott-Raven Publishers); and Table 1. 
     As used herein, the term “adeno-associated virus” (AAV), includes but is not limited to, AAV type 1, AAV type 2, AAV type 3 (including types 3A and 3B), AAV type 4, AAV type 5, AAV type 6, AAV type 7, AAV type 8, AAV type 9, AAV type 10, AAV type 11, AAV type 12, AAV type 13, snake AAV, avian AAV, bovine AAV, canine AAV, equine AAV, ovine AAV, goat AAV, shrimp AAV, and any other AAV now known or later discovered. See, e.g., FIELDS et al., VIROLOGY, volume 2, chapter 69 (4th ed., Lippincott-Raven Publishers). A number of relatively new AAV serotypes and clades have been identified (See, e.g., Gao et al., (2004)  J. Virol.  78:6381; Moris et al., (2004)  Virol.  33-:375; and Table 1). 
     The parvovirus vectors, particles, and genomes of the present invention can be from, but are not limited to, AAV. The genomic sequences of various serotypes of AAV and the autonomous parvoviruses, as well as the sequences of the native ITRs, Rep proteins, and capsid subunits are known in the art. Such sequences may be found in the literature or in public databases such as GenBank. See, e.g., GenBank Accession Numbers NC_002077, NC_001401, NC_001729, NC_001863, NC_001829, NC_001862, NC_000883, NC_001701, NC_001510, NC_006152, NC_006261, AF063497, U89790, AF043303, AF028705, AF028704, J02275, J01901, J02275, X01457, AF288061, AH009962, AY028226, AY028223, AY631966, AX753250, EU285562, NC_001358, NC_001540, AF513851, AF513852 and AY530579; the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein for teaching parvovirus and AAV nucleic acid and amino acid sequences. See also, e.g., Bantel-Schaal et al., (1999)  J. Virol.  73: 939; Chiorini et al., (1997)  J. Virol.  71:6823; Chiorini et al., (1999)  J Virol.  73:1309; Gao et al., (2002)  Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA  99:11854; Moris et al., (2004)  Virol.  33-:375-383; Mori et al., (2004)  Virol.  330:375; Muramatsu et al., (1996)  Virol.  221:208; Ruffing et al., (1994)  J. Gen. Virol.  75:3385; Rutledge et al., (1998)  J. Virol.  72:309; Schmidt et al., (2008)  J. Virol.  82:8911; Shade et al., (1986)  J Virol.  58:921; Srivastava et al., (1983)  J. Virol.  45:555; Xiao et al., (1999)  J. Virol.  73:3994; international patent publications WO 00/28061, WO 99/61601, WO 98/11244; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,303; the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein for teaching parvovirus and AAV nucleic acid and amino acid sequences. See also Table 1. An early description of the AAV1, AAV2 and AAV3 ITR sequences is provided by Xiao, X., (1996), “Characterization of Adeno-associated virus (AAV) DNA replication and integration,” Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. (incorporated herein in its entirety). 
     The term “tropism” as used herein refers to entry of the virus into the cell, optionally and preferably followed by expression (e.g., transcription and, optionally, translation) of sequences carried by the viral genome in the cell, e.g., for a recombinant virus, expression of the heterologous nucleotide sequences(s). Those skilled in the art will appreciate that transcription of a heterologous nucleic acid sequence from the viral genome may not be initiated in the absence of trans-acting factors, e.g., for an inducible promoter or otherwise regulated nucleic acid sequence. In the case of AAV, gene expression from the viral genome may be from a stably integrated provirus, from a non-integrated episome, as well as any other form in which the virus may take within the cell. 
     As used herein, “transduction” of a cell by parvovirus or AAV refers to parvovirus/AAV-mediated transfer of genetic material into the cell. See, e.g., FIELDS et al., VIROLOGY, volume 2, chapter 69 (3d ed., Lippincott-Raven Publishers). 
     The terms “5′ portion” and “3′ portion” are relative terms to define a spatial relationship between two or more elements. Thus, for example, a “3′ portion” of a polynucleotide indicates a segment of the polynucleotide that is downstream of another segment. The term “3′ portion” is not intended to indicate that the segment is necessarily at the 3′ end of the polynucleotide, or even that it is necessarily in the 3′ half of the polynucleotide, although it may be. Likewise, a “5′ portion” of a polynucleotide indicates a segment of the polynucleotide that is upstream of another segment. The term “5′ portion” is not intended to indicate that the segment is necessarily at the 5′ end of the polynucleotide, or even that it is necessarily in the 5′ half of the polynucleotide, although it may be. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 GenBank 
               
               
                   
                 AAV 
                 Accession 
               
               
                   
                 Serotypes/Isolates 
                 Number 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Clonal Isolates 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Avian AAV ATCC 
                 AY186198, 
               
               
                   
                 VR-865 
                 AY629583, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 NC_004828 
               
               
                   
                 Avian AAV strain 
                 NC_006263, 
               
               
                   
                 DA-1 
                 AY629583 
               
               
                   
                 Bovine AAV 
                 NC_005889, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 AY388617 
               
               
                   
                 AAV4 
                 NC_001829 
               
               
                   
                 AAV5 
                 AY18065, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 AF085716 
               
               
                   
                 Rh34 
                 AY243001 
               
               
                   
                 Rh33 
                 AY243002 
               
               
                   
                 Rh32 
                 AY243003 
               
               
                   
                 AAV10 
                 AY631965 
               
               
                   
                 AAV11 
                 AY631966 
               
               
                   
                 AAV12 
                 DQ813647 
               
               
                   
                 AAV13 
                 EU285562 
               
               
                   
                 Clade A 
               
               
                   
                 AAV1 
                 NC_002077, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 AF063497 
               
               
                   
                 AAV6 
                 NC_001862 
               
               
                   
                 Hu.48 
                 AY530611 
               
               
                   
                 Hu 43 
                 AY530606 
               
               
                   
                 Hu 44 
                 AY530607 
               
               
                   
                 Hu 46 
                 AY530609 
               
               
                   
                 Clade B 
               
               
                   
                 Hu19 
                 AY530584 
               
               
                   
                 Hu20 
                 AY530586 
               
               
                   
                 Hu23 
                 AY530589 
               
               
                   
                 Hu22 
                 AY530588 
               
               
                   
                 Hu24 
                 AY530590 
               
               
                   
                 Hu21 
                 AY530587 
               
               
                   
                 Hu27 
                 AY530592 
               
               
                   
                 Hu28 
                 AY530593 
               
               
                   
                 Hu29 
                 AY530594 
               
               
                   
                 Hu63 
                 AY530624 
               
               
                   
                 Hu64 
                 AY530625 
               
               
                   
                 Hu13 
                 AY530578 
               
               
                   
                 Hu56 
                 AY530618 
               
               
                   
                 Hu57 
                 AY530619 
               
               
                   
                 Hu49 
                 AY530612 
               
               
                   
                 Hu58 
                 AY530620 
               
               
                   
                 Hu34 
                 AY530598 
               
               
                   
                 Hu35 
                 AY530599 
               
               
                   
                 AAV2 
                 NC_001401 
               
               
                   
                 Hu45 
                 AY530608 
               
               
                   
                 Hu47 
                 AY530610 
               
               
                   
                 Hu51 
                 AY530613 
               
               
                   
                 Hu52 
                 AY530614 
               
               
                   
                 Hu T41 
                 AY695378 
               
               
                   
                 Hu S17 
                 AY695376 
               
               
                   
                 Hu T88 
                 AY695375 
               
               
                   
                 Hu T71 
                 AY695374 
               
               
                   
                 Hu T70 
                 AY695373 
               
               
                   
                 Hu T40 
                 AY695372 
               
               
                   
                 Hu T32 
                 AY695371 
               
               
                   
                 Hu T17 
                 AY695370 
               
               
                   
                 Hu LG15 
                 AY695377 
               
               
                   
                 Clade C 
               
               
                   
                 AAV 3 
                 NC_001729 
               
               
                   
                 AAV 3B 
                 NC_001863 
               
               
                   
                 Hu9 
                 AY530629 
               
               
                   
                 Hu10 
                 AY530576 
               
               
                   
                 Hu11 
                 AY530577 
               
               
                   
                 Hu53 
                 AY530615 
               
               
                   
                 Hu55 
                 AY530617 
               
               
                   
                 Hu54 
                 AY530616 
               
               
                   
                 Hu7 
                 AY530628 
               
               
                   
                 Hu18 
                 AY530583 
               
               
                   
                 Hu15 
                 AY530580 
               
               
                   
                 Hu16 
                 AY530581 
               
               
                   
                 Hu25 
                 AY530591 
               
               
                   
                 Hu60 
                 AY530622 
               
               
                   
                 Ch5 
                 AY243021 
               
               
                   
                 Hu3 
                 AY530595 
               
               
                   
                 Hu1 
                 AY530575 
               
               
                   
                 Hu4 
                 AY530602 
               
               
                   
                 Hu2 
                 AY530585 
               
               
                   
                 Hu61 
                 AY530623 
               
               
                   
                 Clade D 
               
               
                   
                 Rh62 
                 AY530573 
               
               
                   
                 Rh48 
                 AY530561 
               
               
                   
                 Rh54 
                 AY530567 
               
               
                   
                 Rh55 
                 AY530568 
               
               
                   
                 Cy2 
                 AY243020 
               
               
                   
                 AAV7 
                 AF513851 
               
               
                   
                 Rh35 
                 AY243000 
               
               
                   
                 Rh37 
                 AY242998 
               
               
                   
                 Rh36 
                 AY242999 
               
               
                   
                 Cy6 
                 AY243016 
               
               
                   
                 Cy4 
                 AY243018 
               
               
                   
                 Cy3 
                 AY243019 
               
               
                   
                 Cy5 
                 AY243017 
               
               
                   
                 Rh13 
                 AY243013 
               
               
                   
                 Clade E 
               
               
                   
                 Rh38 
                 AY530558 
               
               
                   
                 Hu66 
                 AY530626 
               
               
                   
                 Hu42 
                 AY530605 
               
               
                   
                 Hu67 
                 AY530627 
               
               
                   
                 Hu40 
                 AY530603 
               
               
                   
                 Hu41 
                 AY530604 
               
               
                   
                 Hu37 
                 AY530600 
               
               
                   
                 Rh40 
                 AY530559 
               
               
                   
                 Rh2 
                 AY243007 
               
               
                   
                 Bb1 
                 AY243023 
               
               
                   
                 Bb2 
                 AY243022 
               
               
                   
                 Rh10 
                 AY243015 
               
               
                   
                 Hu17 
                 AY530582 
               
               
                   
                 Hu6 
                 AY530621 
               
               
                   
                 Rh25 
                 AY530557 
               
               
                   
                 Pi2 
                 AY530554 
               
               
                   
                 Pi1 
                 AY530553 
               
               
                   
                 Pi3 
                 AY530555 
               
               
                   
                 Rh57 
                 AY530569 
               
               
                   
                 Rh50 
                 AY530563 
               
               
                   
                 Rh49 
                 AY530562 
               
               
                   
                 Hu39 
                 AY530601 
               
               
                   
                 Rh58 
                 AY530570 
               
               
                   
                 Rh61 
                 AY530572 
               
               
                   
                 Rh52 
                 AY530565 
               
               
                   
                 Rh53 
                 AY530566 
               
               
                   
                 Rh51 
                 AY530564 
               
               
                   
                 Rh64 
                 AY530574 
               
               
                   
                 Rh43 
                 AY530560 
               
               
                   
                 AAV8 
                 AF513852 
               
               
                   
                 Rh8 
                 AY242997 
               
               
                   
                 Rh1 
                 AY530556 
               
               
                   
                 Clade F 
               
               
                   
                 AAV9 (Hu14) 
                 AY530579 
               
               
                   
                 Hu31 
                 AY530596 
               
               
                   
                 Hu32 
                 AY530597 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As used herein, the term “polypeptide” encompasses both peptides and proteins, unless indicated otherwise. 
     A “polynucleotide” is a sequence of nucleotide bases, and may be RNA, DNA or DNA-RNA hybrid sequences (including both naturally occurring and non-naturally occurring nucleotides), and can be either single or double stranded DNA sequences. 
     The term “codon-optimized,” as used herein, refers to a gene coding sequence that has been optimized to increase expression by substituting one or more codons normally present in a coding sequence (for example, in a wildtype sequence, including, e.g., a coding sequence for NAGLU) with a codon for the same (synonymous) amino acid. In this manner, the protein encoded by the gene is identical, but the underlying nucleobase sequence of the gene or corresponding mRNA is different. In some embodiments, the optimization substitutes one or more rare codons (that is, codons for tRNA that occur relatively infrequently in cells from a particular species) with synonymous codons that occur more frequently to improve the efficiency of translation. For example, in human codon-optimization one or more codons in a coding sequence are replaced by codons that occur more frequently in human cells for the same amino acid. Codon optimization can also increase gene expression through other mechanisms that can improve efficiency of transcription and/or translation. Strategies include, without limitation, increasing total GC content (that is, the percent of guanines and cytosines in the entire coding sequence), decreasing CpG content (that is, the number of CG or GC dinucleotides in the coding sequence), removing cryptic splice donor or acceptor sites, and/or adding or removing ribosomal entry sites, such as Kozak sequences. Desirably, a codon-optimized gene exhibits improved protein expression, for example, the protein encoded thereby is expressed at a detectably greater level in a cell compared with the level of expression of the protein provided by the wildtype gene in an otherwise similar cell. 
     The term “sequence identity,” as used herein, has the standard meaning in the art. As is known in the art, a number of different programs can be used to identify whether a polynucleotide or polypeptide has sequence identity or similarity to a known sequence. Sequence identity or similarity may be determined using standard techniques known in the art, including, but not limited to, the local sequence identity algorithm of Smith &amp; Waterman,  Adv. Appl. Math.  2:482 (1981), by the sequence identity alignment algorithm of Needleman &amp; Wunsch,  J. Mol. Biol.  48:443 (1970), by the search for similarity method of Pearson &amp; Lipman,  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA  85:2444 (1988), by computerized implementations of these algorithms (GAP, BESTFIT, FASTA, and TFASTA in the Wisconsin Genetics Software Package, Genetics Computer Group, 575 Science Drive, Madison, Wis.), the Best Fit sequence program described by Devereux et al.,  Nucl. Acid Res.  12:387 (1984), preferably using the default settings, or by inspection. 
     An example of a useful algorithm is PILEUP. PILEUP creates a multiple sequence alignment from a group of related sequences using progressive, pairwise alignments. It can also plot a tree showing the clustering relationships used to create the alignment. PILEUP uses a simplification of the progressive alignment method of Feng &amp; Doolittle,  J. Mol. Evol.  35:351 (1987); the method is similar to that described by Higgins &amp; Sharp,  CABIOS  5:151 (1989). 
     Another example of a useful algorithm is the BLAST algorithm, described in Altschul et al.,  J. Mol. Biol.  215:403 (1990) and Karlin et al.,  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA  90:5873 (1993). A particularly useful BLAST program is the WU-BLAST-2 program which was obtained from Altschul et al.,  Meth. Enzymol.,  266:460 (1996); blast.wustl/edu/blast/README.html. WU-BLAST-2 uses several search parameters, which are preferably set to the default values. The parameters are dynamic values and are established by the program itself depending upon the composition of the particular sequence and composition of the particular database against which the sequence of interest is being searched; however, the values may be adjusted to increase sensitivity. 
     An additional useful algorithm is gapped BLAST as reported by Altschul et al.,  Nucleic Acids Res.  25:3389 (1997). 
     A percentage amino acid sequence identity value is determined by the number of matching identical residues divided by the total number of residues of the “longer” sequence in the aligned region. The “longer” sequence is the one having the most actual residues in the aligned region (gaps introduced by WU-Blast-2 to maximize the alignment score are ignored). 
     In a similar manner, percent nucleic acid sequence identity is defined as the percentage of nucleotide residues in the candidate sequence that are identical with the nucleotides in the polynucleotide specifically disclosed herein. 
     The alignment may include the introduction of gaps in the sequences to be aligned. In addition, for sequences which contain either more or fewer nucleotides than the polynucleotides specifically disclosed herein, it is understood that in one embodiment, the percentage of sequence identity will be determined based on the number of identical nucleotides in relation to the total number of nucleotides. Thus, for example, sequence identity of sequences shorter than a sequence specifically disclosed herein, will be determined using the number of nucleotides in the shorter sequence, in one embodiment. In percent identity calculations relative weight is not assigned to various manifestations of sequence variation, such as insertions, deletions, substitutions, etc. 
     In one embodiment, only identities are scored positively (+1) and all forms of sequence variation including gaps are assigned a value of “0,” which obviates the need for a weighted scale or parameters as described below for sequence similarity calculations. Percent sequence identity can be calculated, for example, by dividing the number of matching identical residues by the total number of residues of the “shorter” sequence in the aligned region and multiplying by 100. The “longer” sequence is the one having the most actual residues in the aligned region. 
     As used herein, an “isolated” polynucleotide (e.g., an “isolated DNA” or an “isolated RNA”) means a polynucleotide separated or substantially free from at least some of the other components of the naturally occurring organism or virus, for example, the cell or viral structural components or other polypeptides or nucleic acids commonly found associated with the polynucleotide. 
     Likewise, an “isolated” polypeptide means a polypeptide that is separated or substantially free from at least some of the other components of the naturally occurring organism or virus, for example, the cell or viral structural components or other polypeptides or nucleic acids commonly found associated with the polypeptide. 
     A “therapeutic polypeptide” is a polypeptide that may alleviate or reduce symptoms that result from an absence or defect in a protein in a cell or subject. Alternatively, a “therapeutic polypeptide” is one that otherwise confers a benefit to a subject, e.g., anti-cancer effects or improvement in transplant survivability. 
     As used herein, the term “modified,” as applied to a polynucleotide or polypeptide sequence, refers to a sequence that differs from a wild-type sequence due to one or more deletions, additions, substitutions, or any combination thereof. 
     As used herein, by “isolate” or “purify” (or grammatical equivalents) a virus vector, it is meant that the virus vector is at least partially separated from at least some of the other components in the starting material. 
     By the terms “treat,” “treating,” or “treatment of” (and grammatical variations thereof) it is meant that the severity of the subject&#39;s condition is reduced, at least partially improved or stabilized and/or that some alleviation, mitigation, decrease or stabilization in at least one clinical symptom is achieved and/or there is a delay in the progression of the disease or disorder. 
     The terms “prevent,” “preventing,” and “prevention” (and grammatical variations thereof) refer to prevention and/or delay of the onset of a disease, disorder and/or a clinical symptom(s) in a subject and/or a reduction in the severity of the onset of the disease, disorder and/or clinical symptom(s) relative to what would occur in the absence of the methods of the invention. The prevention can be complete, e.g., the total absence of the disease, disorder and/or clinical symptom(s). The prevention can also be partial, such that the occurrence of the disease, disorder and/or clinical symptom(s) in the subject and/or the severity of onset is less than what would occur in the absence of the present invention. 
     A “treatment effective” amount as used herein is an amount that is sufficient to provide some improvement or benefit to the subject. Alternatively stated, a “treatment effective” amount is an amount that will provide some alleviation, mitigation, decrease or stabilization in at least one clinical symptom in the subject. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the therapeutic effects need not be complete or curative, as long as some benefit is provided to the subject. 
     A “prevention effective” amount as used herein is an amount that is sufficient to prevent and/or delay the onset of a disease, disorder and/or clinical symptoms in a subject and/or to reduce and/or delay the severity of the onset of a disease, disorder and/or clinical symptoms in a subject relative to what would occur in the absence of the methods of the invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the level of prevention need not be complete, as long as some benefit is provided to the subject. 
     The terms “heterologous nucleotide sequence” and “heterologous nucleic acid” are used interchangeably herein and refer to a sequence that is not naturally occurring in the virus. In some embodiments, the heterologous nucleic acid comprises an open reading frame that encodes a polypeptide or nontranslated RNA of interest (e.g., for delivery to a cell or subject). 
     As used herein, the terms “virus vector,” “vector” or “gene delivery vector” refer to a virus (e.g., AAV) particle that functions as a nucleic acid delivery vehicle, and which comprises the vector genome (e.g., viral DNA [vDNA]) packaged within a virion. Alternatively, in some contexts, the term “vector” may be used to refer to the vector genome/vDNA alone or a plasmid. 
     The virus vectors of the invention can further be duplexed parvovirus particles as described in international patent publication WO 01/92551 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). Thus, in some embodiments, double stranded (duplex) genomes can be packaged. 
     A “rAAV vector genome” or “rAAV genome” is an AAV genome (i.e., vDNA) that comprises one or more heterologous nucleic acid sequences. rAAV vectors generally require only the 145 base ITR in cis to generate virus. All other viral sequences are dispensable and may be supplied in trans (Muzyczka (1992)  Curr. Topics Microbiol. Immunol.  158:97). Typically, the rAAV vector genome will only retain the one or more ITR sequence so as to maximize the size of the transgene that can be efficiently packaged by the vector. The structural and non-structural protein coding sequences may be provided in trans (e.g., from a vector, such as a plasmid, or by stably integrating the sequences into a packaging cell). In embodiments of the invention the rAAV vector genome comprises at least one ITR sequence (e.g., AAV ITR sequence), optionally two ITRs (e.g., two AAV ITRs), which typically will be at the 5′ and 3′ ends of the vector genome and flank the heterologous nucleic acid, but need not be contiguous thereto. The ITRs can be the same or different from each other. 
     The term “terminal repeat” or “TR” includes any viral terminal repeat or synthetic sequence that forms a hairpin structure and functions as an inverted terminal repeat (i.e., mediates the desired functions such as replication, virus packaging, integration and/or provirus rescue, and the like). The ITR can be an AAV ITR or a non-AAV ITR. For example, a non-AAV ITR sequence such as those of other parvoviruses (e.g., canine parvovirus, bovine parvovirus, mouse parvovirus, porcine parvovirus, human parvovirus B-19) or the SV40 hairpin that serves as the origin of SV40 replication can be used as an ITR, which can further be modified by truncation, substitution, deletion, insertion and/or addition. Further, the ITR can be partially or completely synthetic, such as the “double-D sequence” as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,478,745 to Samulski et al. 
     Parvovirus genomes have palindromic sequences at both their 5′ and 3′ ends. The palindromic nature of the sequences leads to the formation of a hairpin structure that is stabilized by the formation of hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs. This hairpin structure is believed to adopt a “Y” or a “T” shape. See, e.g., FIELDS et al., VIROLOGY, volume 2, chapters 69 &amp; 70 (4th ed., Lippincott-Raven Publishers). 
     An “AAV inverted terminal repeat” or “AAV ITR” may be from any AAV, including but not limited to serotypes 1, 2, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 13, snake AAV, avian AAV, bovine AAV, canine AAV, equine AAV, ovine AAV, goat AAV, shrimp AAV, or any other AAV now known or later discovered (see, e.g., Table 1). An AAV ITR need not have the native terminal repeat sequence (e.g., a native AAV ITR sequence may be altered by insertion, deletion, truncation and/or missense mutations), as long as the terminal repeat mediates the desired functions, e.g., replication, virus packaging, persistence, and/or provirus rescue, and the like. 
     The virus vectors of the invention can further be “targeted” virus vectors (e.g., having a directed tropism) and/or a “hybrid” parvovirus (i.e., in which the viral ITRs and viral capsid are from different parvoviruses) as described in international patent publication WO 00/28004 and Chao et al., (2000)  Mol. Therapy  2:619. 
     Further, the viral capsid or genomic elements can contain other modifications, including insertions, deletions and/or substitutions. 
     The term “template” or “substrate” is used herein to refer to a polynucleotide sequence that may be replicated to produce the parvovirus viral DNA. For the purpose of vector production, the template will typically be embedded within a larger nucleotide sequence or construct, including but not limited to a plasmid, naked DNA vector, bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) or a viral vector (e.g., adenovirus, herpesvirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, AAV, baculoviral, retroviral vectors, and the like). Alternatively, the template may be stably incorporated into the chromosome of a packaging cell. 
     As used herein, parvovirus or AAV “Rep coding sequences” indicate the nucleic acid sequences that encode the parvoviral or AAV non-structural proteins that mediate viral replication and the production of new virus particles. The parvovirus and AAV replication genes and proteins have been described in, e.g., F IELDS  et al., V IROLOGY , volume 2, chapters 69 &amp; 70 (4th ed., Lippincott-Raven Publishers). 
     The “Rep coding sequences” need not encode all of the parvoviral or AAV Rep proteins. For example, with respect to AAV, the Rep coding sequences do not need to encode all four AAV Rep proteins (Rep78, Rep 68, Rep52 and Rep40), in fact, it is believed that AAV5 only expresses the spliced Rep68 and Rep40 proteins. In representative embodiments, the Rep coding sequences encode at least those replication proteins that are necessary for viral genome replication and packaging into new virions. The Rep coding sequences will generally encode at least one large Rep protein (i.e., Rep78/68) and one small Rep protein (i.e., Rep52/40). In particular embodiments, the Rep coding sequences encode the AAV Rep78 protein and the AAV Rep52 and/or Rep40 proteins. In other embodiments, the Rep coding sequences encode the Rep68 and the Rep52 and/or Rep40 proteins. In a still further embodiment, the Rep coding sequences encode the Rep68 and Rep52 proteins, Rep68 and Rep40 proteins, Rep78 and Rep52 proteins, or Rep78 and Rep40 proteins. 
     As used herein, the term “large Rep protein” refers to Rep68 and/or Rep78. Large Rep proteins of the claimed invention may be either wild-type or synthetic. A wild-type large Rep protein may be from any parvovirus or AAV, including but not limited to serotypes 1, 2, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 13, or any other AAV now known or later discovered (see, e.g., Table 1). A synthetic large Rep protein may be altered by insertion, deletion, truncation and/or missense mutations. 
     Those skilled in the art will further appreciate that it is not necessary that the replication proteins be encoded by the same polynucleotide. For example, for MVM, the NS-1 and NS-2 proteins (which are splice variants) may be expressed independently of one another. Likewise, for AAV, the p19 promoter may be inactivated and the large Rep protein(s) expressed from one polynucleotide and the small Rep protein(s) expressed from a different polynucleotide. Typically, however, it will be more convenient to express the replication proteins from a single construct. In some systems, the viral promoters (e.g., AAV p19 promoter) may not be recognized by the cell, and it is therefore necessary to express the large and small Rep proteins from separate expression cassettes. In other instances, it may be desirable to express the large Rep and small Rep proteins separately, i.e., under the control of separate transcriptional and/or translational control elements. For example, it may be desirable to control expression of the large Rep proteins, so as to decrease the ratio of large to small Rep proteins. In the case of insect cells, it may be advantageous to down-regulate expression of the large Rep proteins (e.g., Rep78/68) to avoid toxicity to the cells (see, e.g., Urabe et al., (2002)  Human Gene Therapy  13:1935). 
     As used herein, the parvovirus or AAV “cap coding sequences” encode the structural proteins that form a functional parvovirus or AAV capsid (i.e., can package DNA and infect target cells). Typically, the cap coding sequences will encode all of the parvovirus or AAV capsid subunits, but less than all of the capsid subunits may be encoded as long as a functional capsid is produced. Typically, but not necessarily, the cap coding sequences will be present on a single nucleic acid molecule. 
     The capsid structure of autonomous parvoviruses and AAV are described in more detail in BERNARD N. FIELDS et al., VIROLOGY, volume 2, chapters 69 &amp; 70 (4th ed., Lippincott-Raven Publishers). 
     Parvovirus Vectors Expressing NAGLU 
     The present invention provides parvovirus vectors, e.g., AAV vectors, that comprise a nucleotide sequence encoding NAGLU that is codon-optimized for expression in human cells and are capable of provided enhanced expression and secretion of NAGLU from cells infected with the vector. 
     One aspect of the invention relates to a recombinant nucleic acid comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of a nucleotide sequence encoding human α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU) that is codon-optimized for expression in human cells. In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid is a non-naturally occurring sequence. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of a nucleotide sequence that is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO:1, e.g., at least 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO:1. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:1. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises at least 10 contiguous nucleotides of SEQ ID NO:1, e.g., at least 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100 or more. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
            
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 1 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 ATGGAGGCTG TTGCTGTTGC AGCCGCTGTG GGCGTCTTGC TGTTGGCCGG 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 51 
                 TGCCGGGGGA GCTGCTGGCG ACGAGGCAAG GGAAGCTGCA GCTGTGCGGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 101 
                 CTCTCGTCGC AAGGTTGCTG GGTCCAGGTC CCGCTGCTGA CTTTAGTGTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 151 
                 TCAGTGGAGA GGGCTTTGGC CGCTAAACCT GGCCTGGACA CCTACTCCCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 201 
                 GGGTGGAGGT GGGGCTGCCC GCGTGAGGGT GAGAGGCTCA ACGGGGGTGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 251 
                 CTGCTGCAGC AGGTCTGCAT AGGTACCTCA GAGACTTCTG CGGATGCCAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 301 
                 GTCGCTTGGA GCGGCAGTCA ACTGAGGCTG CCCCGGCCCC TCCCTGCCGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 351 
                 CCCTGGGGAA CTTACAGAAG CTACTCCAAA TAGGTACAGA TATTATCAAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 401 
                 ATGTGTGTAC GCAGAGTTAC AGCTTTGTGT GGTGGGACTG GGCAAGGTGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 451 
                 GAGCGCGAAA TCGATTGGAT GGCCCTCAAC GGGATCAATC TGGCCTTGGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 501 
                 ATGGTCCGGA CAGGAAGCTA TCTGGCAGCG CGTGTATCTG GCTCTCGGGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 551 
                 TGACTCAAGC TGAAATCAAC GAGTTTTTCA CAGGCCCCGC CTTCCTGGCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 601 
                 TGGGGGCGGA TGGGTAATCT TCATACTTGG GACGGGCCAC TGCCCCCCTC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 651 
                 TTGGCACATC AAACAGTTGT ATCTGCAGCA CCGCGTCCTG GACCAGATGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 701 
                 GCAGCTTCGG CATGACTCCC GTCCTGCCGG CTTTCGCAGG GCACGTCCCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 751 
                 GAGGCGGTCA CACGGGTCTT CCCTCAGGTG AATGTGACAA AAATGGGATC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 801 
                 ATGGGGACAT TTCAATTGTT CTTACAGTTG TTCCTTCCTG CTGGCACCCG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 851 
                 AAGATCCTAT CTTCCCAATC ATAGGAAGTC TCTTTCTGCG CGAGTTGATT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 901 
                 AAGGAGTTCG GTACTGATCA CATTTATGGC GCTGATACTT TTAACGAAAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 951 
                 GCAGCCCCCC TCTTCTGAAC CATCCTATCT TGCTGCCGCA ACCACTGCCG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1001 
                 TTTATGAAGC CATGACCGCC GTGGACACTG AAGCCGTTTG GCTTCTCCAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1051 
                 GGTTGGCTGT TCCAGCACCA GCCTCAGTTT TGGGGGCCAG CTCAGATAAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1101 
                 AGCCGTTCTC GGCGCTGTAC CTCGCGGAAG ACTGCTGGTG CTTGATTTGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1151 
                 TCGCAGAGTC TCAGCCAGTG TACACGAGAA CCGCTTCCTT CCAGGGCCAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1201 
                 CCGTTTATTT GGTGTATGCT TCACAATTTT GGCGGAAATC ATGGGCTGTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1251 
                 CGGTGCCCTG GAGGCGGTCA ATGGGGGACC TGAGGCTGCA AGATTGTTCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1301 
                 CAAACTCAAC CATGGTGGGG ACCGGAATGG CACCCGAAGG CATTAGCCAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1351 
                 AATGAGGTCG TCTACAGTCT GATGGCGGAA TTGGGGTGGC GGAAGGACCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1401 
                 CGTGCCAGAT CTCGCCGCCT GGGTGACTAG CTTTGCCGCC CGCCGCTATG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1451 
                 GAGTGAGCCA TCCTGATGCA GGCGCAGCCT GGCGGCTGTT GCTTCGATCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1501 
                 GTATACAATT GTTCAGGAGA GGCCTGCCGG GGGCACAATA GGAGCCCACT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1551 
                 GGTAAGGAGG CCCAGCCTGC AGATGAACAC CTCTATCTGG TACAACAGAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1601 
                 GCGATGTTTT CGAGGCTTGG AGACTTCTCC TTACATCTGC CCCTAGCTTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1651 
                 GCCACCAGTC CAGCCTTCCG ATATGATCTG CTGGACCTCA CCCGACAGGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1701 
                 CGTGCAGGAA CTGGTCTCTC TCTACTATGA AGAGGCCAGA TCAGCTTACC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1751 
                 TCTCTAAAGA ACTGGCCTCC CTCTTGCGAG CAGGAGGCGT CCTGGCATAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1801 
                 GAGCTGCTCC CTGCACTGGA CGAGGTACTG GCATCTGATT CCCGATTCCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1851 
                 GCTCGGGTCA TGGCTGGAGC AAGCCCGAGC AGCGGCTGTA AGCGAGGCTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1901 
                 AAGCAGACTT CTATGAACAA AATAGTAGGT ATCAACTGAC TCTGTGGGGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1951 
                 CCAGAGGGGA ATATCCTGGA CTACGCGAAC AAACAGTTGG CGGGCCTGGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2001 
                 GGCCAACTAC TACACCCCTC GGTGGAGATT GTTTTTGGAG GCGCTGGTGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2051 
                 ATTCAGTCGC ACAGGGGATT CCGTTTCAGC AACATCAGTT TGACAAGAAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2101 
                 GTCTTTCAGC TGGAACAGGC TTTTGTGCTT TCTAAGCAGC GCTACCCTTC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2151 
                 TCAGCCAAGA GGCGATACCG TTGACCTCGC GAAGAAAATC TTTCTCAAGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2201 
                 ACTATCCCAG ATGGGTGGCC GGATCATGGT AG 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Methods of codon optimizing a nucleotide sequence to maximize expression in an organism are well known in the art and can be carried out using software available to the public. The wild-type sequence of human NAGLU is known in the art and shown in SEQ ID NO:2. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
            
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 2 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 ATGGAGGCGG TGGCGGTGGC CGCGGCGGTG GGGGTCCTTC TCCTGGCCGG 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 51 
                 GGCCGGGGGC GCGGCAGGCG ACGAGGCCCG GGAGGCGGCG GCCGTGCGGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 101 
                 CGCTCGTGGC CCGGCTGCTG GGGCCAGGCC CCGCGGCCGA CTTCTCCGTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 151 
                 TCGGTGGAGC GCGCTCTGGC TGCCAAGCCG GGCTTGGACA CCTACAGCCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 201 
                 GGGCGGCGGC GGCGCGGCGC GCGTGCGGGT GCGCGGCTCC ACGGGCGTGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 251 
                 CGGCCGCCGC GGGGCTGCAC CGCTACCTGC GCGACTTCTG TGGCTGCCAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 301 
                 GTGGCCTGGT CCGGCTCTCA GCTGCGCCTG CCGCGGCCAC TGCCAGCCGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 351 
                 GCCGGGGGAG CTGACCGAGG CCACGCCCAA CAGGTACCGC TATTACCAGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 401 
                 ATGTGTGCAC GCAAAGCTAC TCCTTCGTGT GGTGGGACTG GGCCCGCTGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 451 
                 GAGCGAGAGA TAGACTGGAT GGCGCTGAAT GGCATCAACC TGGCACTGGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 501 
                 CTGGAGCGGC CAGGAGGCCA TCTGGCAGCG GGTGTACCTG GCCTTGGGCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 551 
                 TGACCCAGGC AGAGATCAAT GAGTTCTTTA CTGGTCCTGC CTTCCTGGCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 601 
                 TGGGGGCGAA TGGGCAACCT GCACACCTGG GATGGCCCCC TGCCCCCCTC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 651 
                 CTGGCACATC AAGCAGCTTT ACCTGCAGCA CCGGGTCCTG GACCAGATGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 701 
                 GCTCCTTCGG CATGACCCCA GTGCTGCCTG CATTCGCGGG GCATGTTCCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 751 
                 GAGGCTGTCA CCAGGGTGTT CCCTCAGGTC AATGTCACGA AGATGGGCAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 801 
                 TTGGGGCCAC TTTAACTGTT CCTACTCCTG CTCCTTCCTT CTGGCTCCGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 851 
                 AAGACCCCAT ATTCCCCATC ATCGGGAGCC TCTTCCTGCG AGAGCTGATC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 901 
                 AAAGAGTTTG GCACAGACCA CATCTATGGG GCCGACACTT TCAATGAGAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 951 
                 GCAGCCACCT TCCTCAGAGC CCTCCTACCT TGCCGCAGCC ACCACTGCCG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1001 
                 TCTATGAGGC CATGACTGCA GTGGATACTG AGGCTGTGTG GCTGCTCCAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1051 
                 GGCTGGCTCT TCCAGCACCA GCCGCAGTTC TGGGGGCCCG CCCAGATCAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1101 
                 GGCTGTGCTG GGAGCTGTGC CCCGTGGCCG CCTCCTGGTT CTGGACCTGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1151 
                 TTGCTGAGAG CCAGCCTGTG TATACCGGCA CTGCCTCCTT CCAGGGCCAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1201 
                 CCCTTCATCT GGTGCATGCT GCACAACTTT GGGGGAAACC ATGGTCTTTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1251 
                 TGGAGCCCTA GAGGCTGTGA ACGGAGGCCC AGAAGCTGCC CGCCTCTTCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1301 
                 CCAACTCCAC CATGGTAGGC ACGGGCATGG CCCCCGAGGG CATCAGCCAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1351 
                 AACGAAGTGG TCTATTCCCT CATGGCTGAG CTGGGCTGGC GAAAGGACCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1401 
                 AGTGCCAGAT TTGGCAGCCT GGGTGACCAG CTTTGCCGCC CGGCGGTATG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1451 
                 GGGTCTCCCA CCCGGACGCA GGGGCAGCGT GGAGGCTACT GCTCCGGAGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1501 
                 GTGTACAACT GCTCCGGGGA GGCCTGCAGG GGCCACAATC GTAGCCCGCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1551 
                 GGTCAGGCGG CCGTCCCTAC AGATGAATAC CAGCATCTGG TACAACCGAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1601 
                 CTGATGTGTT TGAGGCCTGG CGGCTGCTGC TCACATCTGC TCCCTCCCTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1651 
                 GCCACCAGCC CCGCCTTCCG CTACGACCTG CTGGACCTCA CTCGGCAGGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1701 
                 AGTGCAGGAG CTGGTCAGCT TGTACTATGA GGAGGCAAGA AGCGCCTACC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1751 
                 TGAGCAAGGA GCTGGCCTCC CTGTTGAGGG CTGGAGGCGT CCTGGCCTAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1801 
                 GAGCTGCTGC CGGCACTGGA CGAGGTGCTG GCTAGTGACA GCCGCTTCTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1851 
                 GCTGGGCAGC TGGCTAGAGC AGGCCCGAGC AGCGGCAGTC AGTGAGGCCG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1901 
                 AGGCCGATTT CTACGAGCAG AACAGCCGCT ACCAGCTGAC CTTGTGGGGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1951 
                 CCAGAAGGCA ACATCCTGGA CTATGCCAAC AAGCAGCTGG CGGGGTTGGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2001 
                 GGCCAACTAC TACACCCCTC GCTGGCGGCT TTTCCTGGAG GCGCTGGTTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2051 
                 ACAGTGTGGC CCAGGGCATC CCTTTCCAAC AGGACCAGTT TGACAAAAAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2101 
                 GTCTTCCAAC TGGAGCAGGC CTTCGTTCTC AGCAAGGAGA GGTACCCCAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2151 
                 CCAGCCGCGA GGAGACACTG TGGACCTGGC CAAGAAGATC TTCCTCAAAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2201 
                 ATTACCCCGG CTGGGTGGCC GGCTCTTGGT GA 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The invention also provides a viral vector genome comprising the NAGLU nucleic acid of the invention. The viral vector genome may be a parvovirus vector genome, e.g., an AAV vector genome. In some embodiments, the AAV vector genome is a self-complementary AAV vector genome. The viral vector genome may further comprise a promoter operably linked to the NAGLU nucleic acid. In some embodiments, the promoter may be a constitutive promoter, e.g., the CBA promoter or the CMV promoter. In other embodiments, the promoter may be a tissue-specific or preferred promoter. The invention further provides a cell in vitro comprising the AAV vector genome of the invention, e.g., stably incorporated into the genome of the cell. The invention further provides a recombinant parvovirus particle (e.g., a recombinant AAV particle, e.g., an AAV9 particle) comprising the viral vector genome of the invention. Viral vectors and viral particles are discussed further below. 
     In some embodiments, the viral vector genome is encoded by a plasmid. Examples include, without limitation, a plasmid encoding rAAV9-CBA-hNAGLU op  comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of SEQ ID NO:3 or a plasmid encoding rAAV9-CMV-hNAGLU op  comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of SEQ ID NO:4, or a sequence at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO:3 or 4, e.g., at least 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO:3 or 4. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
            
               
                 pTR-CBA-NAGLU-op 
                   
               
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 3 
                   
               
               
                 GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGTTGGCCACTCCCTCTCTGCGCGCTCGCTCGCTCACTGAGGCCGGGCG 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ACCAAAGGTCGCCCGACGCCCGGGCTTTGCCCGGGCGGCCTCAGTGAGCGAGCGAGCGCGCAGAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGGGAGTGGCCAACTCCATCACTAGGGGTTCCTAGATCTGGAAGCTGATCTTCAATATTGGCCATT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGCCATATTATTCATTGGTTATATAGCATAAATCAATATTGGATATTGGCCATTGCATACGTTGTAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CTATATCATAATATGTACATTTATATTGGCTCATGTCCAATATGACCGCCATGTTGGCATTGATTAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TGACTAGTTATTAATAGTAATCAATTACGGGGTCATTAGTTCATAGCCCATATATGGAGTTCCGCG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTACATAACTTACGGTAAATGGCCCGCCTGGCTGACCGCCCAACGACCCCCGCCCATTGACGTCAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TAATGACGTATGTTCCCATAGTAACGCCAATAGGGACTTTCCATTGACGTCAATGGGTGGAGTATT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TACGGTAAACTGCCCACTTGGCAGTACATCAAGTGTATCATATGCCAAGTCCGCCCCCTATTGACG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TCAATGACGGTAAATGGCCCGCCTGGCATTATGCCCAGTACATGACCTTACGGGACTTTCCTACTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGCAGTACATCTACGTATTAGTCATCGCTATTACCATGGTCGAGGTGAGCCCCACGTTCTGCTTCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CTCTCCCCATCTCCCCCCCCTCCCCACCCCCAATTTTGTATTTATTTATTTTTTAATTATTTTGTGCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GCGATGGGGGCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCGCGCGCCAGGCGGGGCGGGGCGGGGCGAGGGGCGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGCGGGGCGAGGCGGAGAGGTGCGGCGGCAGCCAATCAGAGCGGCGCGCTCCGAAAGTTTCCTTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TATGGCGAGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCCCTATAAAAAGCGAAGCGCGCGGCGGGCGGGAGTCGCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GCGACGCTGCCTTCGCCCCGTGCCCCGCTCCGCCGCCGCCTCGCGCCGCCCGCCCCGGCTCTGACT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GACCGCGTTACTCCCACAGGTGAGCGGGCGGGACGGCCCTTCTCCTCCGGGCTGTAATTAGCGCTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGTTTAATGACGGCTTGTTTCTTTTCTGTGGCTGCGTGAAAGCCTTGAGGGGCTCCGGGAGGGCCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTTGTGCGGGGGGGAGCGGCTCGGGGGGTGCGTGCGTGTGTGTGTGCGTGGGGAGCGCCGCGTGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGCCCGCGCTGCCCGGCGGCTGTGAGCGCTGCGGGCGCGGCGCGGGGCTTTGTGCGCTCCGCAGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GTGCGCGAGGGGAGCGCGGCCGGGGGCGGTGCCCCGCGGTGCGGGGGGGGCTGCGAGGGGAACA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AAGGCTGCGTGCGGGGTGTGTGCGTGGGGGGGTGAGCAGGGGGTATGGGCGCGGCGGTCGGGCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GTAACCCCCCCCTGCACCCCCCTCCCCGAGTTGCTGAGCACGGCCCGGCTTCGGGTGCGGGGCTCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GTACGGGGCGTGGCGCGGGGCTCGCCGTGCCGGGCGGGGGGTGGCGGCAGGTGGGGGTGCCGGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CGGGGCGGGGCCGCCTCGGGCCGGGGAGGGCTCGGGGGAGGGGCGCGGCGGCCCCCGGAGCGCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGCGGCTGTCGAGGCGCGGCGAGCCGCAGCCATTGCCTTTTATGGTAATCGTGCGAGAGGGCGCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGGACTTACTTTGTCCCAAATCTGTGCGGAGCCGAAATCTGGGAGGCGCCGCCGCACCCCCTCTAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CGGGCGCGGGGCGAAGCGGTGCGGCGCCGGCAGGAAGGAAATGGGCGGGGAGGGCCTTCGTGCG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TCGCCGCGCCGCCGTCCCCTTCTCCCTCTCCAGCCTCGGGGCTGTCCGCGGGGGGACGGCTGCCTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CGGGGGGGACGGGGCAGGGCGGGGTTCGGCTTCTGGCGTGTGACCGGCGGCTCTAGAGCCTCTGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TAACCATGTTCATGCCTTCTTCTTTTTCCTACAGCTCCTGGGCAACGTGCTGGTTATTGTGCTGTCTC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATCATTTTGGCAAAGAATTCGATAGGATCCGGTACTCGAGGAACTGAAAAACCAGAAAGTTAACT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGTAAGTTTAGTCTTTTTGTCTTTTATTTCAGGTCCCGGATCCGGTGGTGGTGCAAATCAAAGAACT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GCTCCTCAGTGGATGTTGCCTTTACTTCTAGGCCTGTACGGAAGTGTTACTTCTGCTCTAAAAGCTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CGGAATTGTACCCGCGGCCCGGGATCCACCGGCCACCGGtATTCgcAGACCATGGAGGCTGTTGCTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTGCAGCCGCTGTGGGCGTCTTGCTGTTGGCCGGTGCCGGGGGAGCTGCTGGCGACGAGGCAAGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GAAGCTGCAGCTGTGCGGGCTCTCGTCGCAAGGTTGCTGGGTCCAGGTCCCGCTGCTGACTTTAGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GTGTCAGTGGAGAGGGCTTTGGCCGCTAAACCTGGCCTGGACACCTACTCCCTGGGTGGAGGTGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGCTGCCCGCGTGAGGGTGAGAGGCTCAACGGGGGTGGCTGCTGCAGCAGGTCTGCATAGGTACC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TCAGAGACTTCTGCGGATGCCATGTCGCTTGGAGCGGCAGTCAACTGAGGCTGCCCCGGCCCCTCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CTGCCGTCCCTGGGGAACTTACAGAAGCTACTCCAAATAGGTACAGATATTATCAAAATGTGTGTA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CGCAGAGTTACAGCTTTGTGTGGTGGGACTGGGCAAGGTGGGAGCGCGAAATCGATTGGATGGCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CTCAACGGGATCAATCTGGCCTTGGCATGGTCCGGACAGGAAGCTATCTGGCAGCGCGTGTATCTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GCTCTCGGGTTGACTCAAGCTGAAATCAACGAGTTTTTCACAGGCCCCGCCTTCCTGGCCTGGGGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CGGATGGGTAATCTTCATACTTGGGACGGGCCACTGCCCCCCTCTTGGCACATCAAACAGTTGTAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CTGCAGCACCGCGTCCTGGACCAGATGCGCAGCTTCGGCATGACTCCCGTCCTGCCGGCTTTCGCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGGCACGTCCCAGAGGCGGTCACACGGGTCTTCCCTCAGGTGAATGTGACAAAAATGGGATCATG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGGACATTTCAATTGTTCTTACAGTTGTTCCTTCCTGCTGGCACCCGAAGATCCTATCTTCCCAATC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATAGGAAGTCTCTTTCTGCGCGAGTTGATTAAGGAGTTCGGTACTGATCACATTTATGGCGCTGAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ACTTTTAACGAAATGCAGCCCCCCTCTTCTGAACCATCCTATCTTGCTGCCGCAACCACTGCCGTTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATGAAGCCATGACCGCCGTGGACACTGAAGCCGTTTGGCTTCTCCAAGGTTGGCTGTTCCAGCACC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGCCTCAGTTTTGGGGGCCAGCTCAGATAAGAGCCGTTCTCGGCGCTGTACCTCGCGGAAGACTGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TGGTGCTTGATTTGTTCGCAGAGTCTCAGCCAGTGTACACGAGAACCGCTTCCTTCCAGGGCCAGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CGTTTATTTGGTGTATGCTTCACAATTTTGGCGGAAATCATGGGCTGTTCGGTGCCCTGGAGGCCGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CAATGGGGGACCTGAGGCTGCAAGATTGTTCCCAAACTCAACCATGGTGGGGACCGGAATGGCAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CCGAAGGCATTAGCCAGAATGAGGTCGTCTACAGTCTGATGGCGGAATTGGGGTGGCGGAAGGAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CCCGTGCCAGATCTCGCCGCCTGGGTGACTAGCTTTGCCGCCCGCCGCTATGGAGTGAGCCATCCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GATGCAGGCGCAGCCTGGCGGCTGTTGCTTCGATCAGTATACAATTGTTCAGGAGAGGCCTGCCGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGGCACAATAGGAGCCCACTGGTAAGGAGGCCCAGCCTGCAGATGAACACCTCTATCTGGTACAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CAGAAGCGATGTTTTCGAGGCTTGGAGACTTCTCCTTACATCTGCCCCTAGCTTGGCCACCAGTCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGCCTTCCGATATGATCTGCTGGACCTCACCCGACAGGCCGTGCAGGAACTGGTCTCTCTCTACTA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TGAAGAGGCCAGATCAGCTTACCTCTCTAAAGAACTGGCCTCCCTCTTGCGAGCAGGAGGCGTCCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGCATATGAGCTGCTCCCTGCACTGGACGAGGTACTGGCATCTGATTCCCGATTCCTGCTCGGGTC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATGGCTGGAGCAAGCCCGAGCAGCGGCTGTAAGCGAGGCTGAAGCAGACTTCTATGAACAAAATA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GTAGGTATCAACTGACTCTGTGGGGTCCAGAGGGGAATATCCTGGACTACGCGAACAAACAGTTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GCGGGCCTGGTGGCCAACTACTACACCCCTCGGTGGAGATTGTTTTTGGAGGCGCTGGTGGATTCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GTCGCACAGGGGATTCCGTTTCAGCAACATCAGTTTGACAAGAACGTCTTTCAGCTGGAACAGGCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTTGTGCTTTCTAAGCAGCGCTACCCTTCTCAGCCAAGAGGCGATACCGTTGACCTCGCGAAGAAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATCTTTCTCAAGTACTATCCCAGATGGGTGGCCGGATCATGGTAGgtcgacccTCGACTAGAGCTCGCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GATCAGCCTCGACTGTGCCTTCTAGTTGCCAGCCATCTGTTGTTTGCCCCTCCCCCGTGCCTTCCTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GACCCTGGAAGGTGCCACTCCCACTGTCCTTTCCTAATAAAATGAGGAAATTGCATCGCATTGTCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GAGTAGGTGTCATTCTATTCTGGGGGGTGGGGTGGGGCAGGACAGCAAGGGGGAGGATTGGGAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GACAATAGCAGGCATGCTGGGGAGAGATCTAGGAACCCCTAGTGATGGAGTTGGCCACTCCCTCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CTGCGCGCTCGCTCGCTCACTGAGGCCGCCCGGGCAAAGCCCGGGCGTCGGGCGACCTTTGGTCGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CCGGCCTCAGTGAGCGAGCGAGCGCGCAGAGAGGGAGTGGCCAACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCTGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGCCAGCTGGCGTAATAGCGAAGAGGCCCGCACCGATCGCCCTTCCCAACAGTTGCGTAGCCTGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATGGCGAATGGCGCGACGCGCCCTGTAGCGGCGCATTAAGCGCGGCGGGTGTGGTGGTTACGCGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGCGTGACCGCTACACTTGCCAGCGCCCTAGCGCCCGCTCCTTTCGCTTTCTTCCCTTCCTTTCTCG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CCACGTTCGCCGGCTTTCCCCGTCAAGCTCTAAATCGGGGGCTCCCTTTAGGGTTCCGATTTAGTGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTTACGGCACCTCGACCCCAAAAAACTTGATTAGGGTGATGGTTCACGTAGTGGGCCATCGCCCTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATAGACGGTTTTTCGCCCTTTGACGTTGGAGTCCACGTTCTTTAATAGTGGACTCTTGTTCCAAACT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGAACAACACTCAACCCTATCTCGGTCTATTCTTTTGATTTATAAGGGATTTTGCCGATTTCGGCCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATTGGTTAAAAAATGAGCTGATTTAACAAAAATTTAACGCGAATTTTAACAAAATATTAACGTTTA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CAATTTCCTGATGCGGTATTTTCTCCTTACGCATCTGTGCGGTATTTCACACCGCATATGGTGCACT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CTCAGTACAATCTGCTCTGATGCCGCATAGTTAAGCCAGCCCCGACACCCGCCAACACCCGCTGAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GCGCCCTGACGGGCTTGTCTGCTCCCGGCATCCGCTTACAGACAAGCTGTGACCGTCTCCGGGAGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TGCATGTGTCAGAGGTTTTCACCGTCATCACCGAAACGCGCGAGACGAAAGGGCCTCGTGATACG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CCTATTTTTATAGGTTAATGTCATGATAATAATGGTTTCTTAGACGTCAGGTGGCACTTTTCGGGGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AATGTGCGCGGAACCCCTATTTGTTTATTTTTCTAAATACATTCAAATATGTATCCGCTCATGAGAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AATAACCCTGATAAATGCTTCAATAATATTGAAAAAGGAAGAGTATGAGTATTCAACATTTCCGTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TCGCCCTTATTCCCTTTTTTGCGGCATTTTGCCTTCCTGTTTTTGCTCACCCAGAAACGCTGGTGAAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GTAAAAGATGCTGAAGATCAGTTGGGTGCACGAGTGGGTTACATCGAACTGGATCTCAACAGCGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TAAGATCCTTGAGAGTTTTCGCCCCGAAGAACGTTTTCCAATGATGAGCACTTTTAAAGTTCTGCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATGTGGCGCGGTATTATCCCGTATTGACGCCGGGCAAGAGCAACTCGGTCGCCGCATACACTATTC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TCAGAATGACTTGGTTGAGTACTCACCAGTCACAGAAAAGCATCTTACGGATGGCATGACAGTAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GAGAATTATGCAGTGCTGCCATAACCATGAGTGATAACACTGCGGCCAACTTACTTCTGACAACGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TCGGAGGACCGAAGGAGCTAACCGCTTTTTTGCACAACATGGGGGATCATGTAACTCGCCTTGATC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GTTGGGAACCGGAGCTGAATGAAGCCATACCAAACGACGAGCGTGACACCACGATGCCTGTAGCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATGGCAACAACGTTGCGCAAACTATTAACTGGCGAACTACTTACTCTAGCTTCCCGGCAACAATTA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATAGACTGGATGGAGGCGGATAAAGTTGCAGGACCACTTCTGCGCTCGGCCCTTCCGGCTGGCTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GTTTATTGCTGATAAATCTGGAGCCGGTGAGCGTGGGTCTCGCGGTATCATTGCAGCACTGGGGCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGATGGTAAGCCCTCCCGTATCGTAGTTATCTACACGACGGGGAGTCAGGCAACTATGACCTTCCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGGTCAAGGAAGCTGTCAGACCAAGTTTACTCATATATACTTTAGATTGATTTAAAACTTCATTTTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AATTTAAAAGGATCTAGGTGAAGATCCTTTTTGATAATCTCATGACCAAAATCCCTTAACGTGAGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTTCGTTCCACTGAGCGTCAGACCCCGTAGAAAAGATCAAAGGATCTTCTTGAGATCCTTTTTTTCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GCGCGTAATCTGCTGCTTGCAAACAAAAAAACCACCGCTACCAGCGGTGGTTTGTTTGCCGGATCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGAGCTACCAACTCTTTTTCCGAAGGTAACTGGCTTCAGCAGAGCGCAGATACCAAATACTGTCCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TCTAGTGTAGCCGTAGTTAGGCCACCACTTCAAGAACTCTGTAGCACCGCCTACATACCTCGCTCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GCTAATCCTGTTACCAGTGGCTGCTGCCAGTGGCGATAAGTCGTGTCTTACCGGGTTGGACTCAAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ACGATAGTTACCGGATAAGGCGCAGCGGTCGGGCTGAACGGGGGGTTCGTGCACACAGCCCAGCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TGGAGCGAACGACCTACACCGAACTGAGATACCTACAGCGTGAGCATTGAGAAAGCGCCACGCTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CCCGAAGGGAGAAAGGCGGACAGGTATCCGGTAAGCGGCAGGGTCGGAACAGGAGAGCGCACGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGGAGCTTCCAGGGGGAAACGCCTGGTATCTTTATAGTCCTGTCGGGTTTCGCCACCTCTGACTTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGCGTCGATTTTTGTGATGCTCGTCAGGGGGGCGGAGCCTATGGAAAAACGCCAGCAACGCGGCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTTTTACGGTTCCTGGCCTTTTGCTGGCCTTTTGCTCACATGTTCTTTCCTGCGTTATCCCCTGATTC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TGTGGATAACCGTATTACCGCCTTTGAGTGAGCTGATACCGCTCGCCGCAGCCGAACGACCGAGCG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CAGCGAGTCAGTGAGCGAGGAAGCGGAAGAGCGCCCAATACGCAAACCGCCTCTCCCCGCGCGTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGCCGATTCATTAATGCAGCTGGGCTGCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 pTR-CMV-NAGLU-op 
               
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 4 
                   
               
               
                 GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGTTGGCCACTCCCTCTCTGCGCGCTCGCTCGCTCACTGAGGCCGGGCG 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ACCAAAGGTCGCCCGACGCCCGGGCTTTGCCCGGGCGGCCTCAGTGAGCGAGCGAGCGCGCAGAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGGGAGTGGCCAACTCCATCACTAGGGGTTCCTAGATCTGAATTCGGTACCCGTTACATAACTTAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGTAAATGGCCCGCCTGGCTGACCGCCCAACGACCCCCGCCCATTGACGTCAATAATGACGTATGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TCCCATAGTAACGCCAATAGGGACTTTCCATTGACGTCAATGGGTGGAGTATTTACGGTAAACTGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CCACTTGGCAGTACATCAAGTGTATCATATGCCAAGTACGCCCCCTATTGACGTCAATGACGGTAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATGGCCCGCCTGGCATTATGCCCAGTACATGACCTTATGGGACTTTCCTACTTGGCAGTACATCTA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CGTATTAGTCATCGCTATTACCATGGTGATGCGGTTTTGGCAGTACATCAATGGGCGTGGATAGCG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GTTTGACTCACGGGGATTTCCAAGTCTCCACCCCATTGACGTCAATGGGAGTTTGTTTTGGCACCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AAATCAACGGGACTTTCCAAAATGTCGTAACAACTCCGCCCCATTGACGCAAATGGGCGGTAGGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GTGTACGGTGGGAGGTCTATATAAGCAGAGCTCGTTTAGTGAACCGTCAGATCGCCTGGAGACGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CATCCACGCTGTTTTGACCTCCATAGAAGACACCGGGACCGATCCAGCCTCCGGACTCTAGAGGAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CCGGTACTCGAGGAACTGAAAAACCAGAAAGTTAACTGGTAAGTTTAGTCTTTTTGTCTTTTATTTC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGGTCCCGGATCCGGTGGTGGTGCAAATCAAAGAACTGCTCCTCAGTGGATGTTGCCTTTACTTCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGGCCTGTACGGAAGTGTTACTTCTGCTCTAAAAGCTGCGGAATTGTACCCGCGGCCCGGGATCCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CCGGCCACCGGtATTCgcAGACCATGGAGGCTGTTGCTGTTGCAGCCGCTGTGGGCGTCTTGCTGTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGCCGGTGCCGGGGGAGCTGCTGGCGACGAGGCAAGGGAAGCTGCAGCTGTGCGGGCTCTCGTCG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CAAGGTTGCTGGGTCCAGGTCCCGCTGCTGACTTTAGTGTGTCAGTGGAGAGGGCTTTGGCCGCTA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AACCTGGCCTGGACACCTACTCCCTGGGTGGAGGTGGGGCTGCCCGCGTGAGGGTGAGAGGCTCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ACGGGGGTGGCTGCTGCAGCAGGTCTGCATAGGTACCTCAGAGACTTCTGCGGATGCCATGTCGCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TGGAGCGGCAGTCAACTGAGGCTGCCCCGGCCCCTCCCTGCCGTCCCTGGGGAACTTACAGAAGCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ACTCCAAATAGGTACAGATATTATCAAAATGTGTGTACGCAGAGTTACAGCTTTGTGTGGTGGGAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TGGGCAAGGTGGGAGCGCGAAATCGATTGGATGGCCCTCAACGGGATCAATCTGGCCTTGGCATG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GTCCGGACAGGAAGCTATCTGGCAGCGCGTGTATCTGGCTCTCGGGTTGACTCAAGCTGAAATCAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CGAGTTTTTCACAGGCCCCGCCTTCCTGGCCTGGGGGCGGATGGGTAATCTTCATACTTGGGACGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GCCACTGCCCCCCTCTTGGCACATCAAACAGTTGTATCTGCAGCACCGCGTCCTGGACCAGATGCG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CAGCTTCGGCATGACTCCCGTCCTGCCGGCTTTCGCAGGGCACGTCCCAGAGGCGGTCACACGGGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CTTCCCTCAGGTGAATGTGACAAAAATGGGATCATGGGGACATTTCAATTGTTCTTACAGTTGTTC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CTTCCTGCTGGCACCCGAAGATCCTATCTTCCCAATCATAGGAAGTCTCTTTCTGCGCGAGTTGATT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AAGGAGTTCGGTACTGATCACATTTATGGCGCTGATACTTTTAACGAAATGCAGCCCCCCTCTTCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GAACCATCCTATCTTGCTGCCGCAACCACTGCCGTTTATGAAGCCATGACCGCCGTGGACACTGAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GCCGTTTGGCTTCTCCAAGGTTGGCTGTTCCAGCACCAGCCTCAGTTTTGGGGGCCAGCTCAGATA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGAGCCGTTCTCGGCGCTGTACCTCGCGGAAGACTGCTGGTGCTTGATTTGTTCGCAGAGTCTCAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CCAGTGTACACGAGAACCGCTTCCTTCCAGGGCCAGCCGTTTATTTGGTGTATGCTTCACAATTTTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GCGGAAATCATGGGCTGTTCGGTGCCCTGGAGGCCGTCAATGGGGGACCTGAGGCTGCAAGATTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTCCCAAACTCAACCATGGTGGGGACCGGAATGGCACCCGAAGGCATTAGCCAGAATGAGGTCGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CTACAGTCTGATGGCGGAATTGGGGTGGCGGAAGGACCCCGTGCCAGATCTCGCCGCCTGGGTGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CTAGCTTTGCCGCCCGCCGCTATGGAGTGAGCCATCCTGATGCAGGCGCAGCCTGGCGGCTGTTGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTCGATCAGTATACAATTGTTCAGGAGAGGCCTGCCGGGGGCACAATAGGAGCCCACTGGTAAGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGGCCCAGCCTGCAGATGAACACCTCTATCTGGTACAACAGAAGCGATGTTTTCGAGGCTTGGAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ACTTCTCCTTACATCTGCCCCTAGCTTGGCCACCAGTCCAGCCTTCCGATATGATCTGCTGGACCTC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ACCCGACAGGCCGTGCAGGAACTGGTCTCTCTCTACTATGAAGAGGCCAGATCAGCTTACCTCTCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AAAGAACTGGCCTCCCTCTTGCGAGCAGGAGGCGTCCTGGCATATGAGCTGCTCCCTGCACTGGAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GAGGTACTGGCATCTGATTCCCGATTCCTGCTCGGGTCATGGCTGGAGCAAGCCCGAGCAGCGGCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GTAAGCGAGGCTGAAGCAGACTTCTATGAACAAAATAGTAGGTATCAACTGACTCTGTGGGGTCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGAGGGGAATATCCTGGACTACGCGAACAAACAGTTGGCGGGCCTGGTGGCCAACTACTACACCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CTCGGTGGAGATTGTTTTTGGAGGCGCTGGTGGATTCAGTCGCACAGGGGATTCCGTTTCAGCAAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATCAGTTTGACAAGAACGTCTTTCAGCTGGAACAGGCTTTTGTGCTTTCTAAGCAGCGCTACCCTTC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TCAGCCAAGAGGCGATACCGTTGACCTCGCGAAGAAAATCTTTCTCAAGTACTATCCCAGATGGGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGCCGGATCATGGTAGgtcgacccTCGACTAGAGCTCGCTGATCAGCCTCGACTGTGCCTTCTAGTTGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CAGCCATCTGTTGTTTGCCCCTCCCCCGTGCCTTCCTTGACCCTGGAAGGTGCCACTCCCACTGTCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTTCCTAATAAAATGAGGAAATTGCATCGCATTGTCTGAGTAGGTGTCATTCTATTCTGGGGGGTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGGTGGGGCAGGACAGCAAGGGGGAGGATTGGGAAGACAATAGCAGGCATGCTGGGGAGAGATC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TAGGAACCCCTAGTGATGGAGTTGGCCACTCCCTCTCTGCGCGCTCGCTCGCTCACTGAGGCCGCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CGGGCAAAGCCCGGGCGTCGGGCGACCTTTGGTCGCCCGGCCTCAGTGAGCGAGCGAGCGCGCAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGAGGGAGTGGCCAACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCTGCAGCCAGCTGGCGTAATAGCGAAGAGGCCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GCACCGATCGCCCTTCCCAACAGTTGCGTAGCCTGAATGGCGAATGGCGCGACGCGCCCTGTAGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGCGCATTAAGCGCGGCGGGTGTGGTGGTTACGCGCAGCGTGACCGCTACACTTGCCAGCGCCCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGCGCCCGCTCCTTTCGCTTTCTTCCCTTCCTTTCTCGCCACGTTCGCCGGCTTTCCCCGTCAAGCTC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TAAATCGGGGGCTCCCTTTAGGGTTCCGATTTAGTGCTTTACGGCACCTCGACCCCAAAAAACTTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATTAGGGTGATGGTTCACGTAGTGGGCCATCGCCCTGATAGACGGTTTTTCGCCCTTTGACGTTGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGTCCACGTTCTTTAATAGTGGACTCTTGTTCCAAACTGGAACAACACTCAACCCTATCTCGGTCTA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TtctTTTGATTTATAAGGGATTTTGCCGATTTCGGCCTATTGGTTAAAAAATGAGCTGATTTAACAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AAATTTAACGCGAATTTTAACAAAATATTAACGTTTACAATTTCCTGATGCGGTATTTTCTCCTTAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GCATCTGTGCGGTATTTCACACCGCATATGGTGCACTCTCAGTACAATCTGCTCTGATGCCGCATA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GTTAAGCCAGCCCCGACACCCGCCAACACCCGCTGACGCGCCCTGACGGGCTTGTCTGCTCCCGGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATCCGCTTACAGACAAGCTGTGACCGTCTCCGGGAGCTGCATGTGTCAGAGGTTTTCACCGTCATC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ACCGAAACGCGCGAGACGAAAGGGCCTCGTGATACGCCTATTTTTATAGGTTAATGTCATGATAAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AATGGTTTCTTAGACGTCAGGTGGCACTTTTCGGGGAAATGTGCGCGGAACCCCTATTTGTTTATTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTCTAAATACATTCAAATATGTATCCGCTCATGAGACAATAACCCTGATAAATGCTTCAATAATAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TGAAAAAGGAAGAGTATGAGTATTCAACATTTCCGTGTCGCCCTTATTCCCTTTTTTGCGGCATTTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GCCTTCCTGTTTTTGCTCACCCAGAAACGCTGGTGAAAGTAAAAGATGCTGAAGATCAGTTGGGTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CACGAGTGGGTTACATCGAACTGGATCTCAACAGCGGTAAGATCCTTGAGAGTTTTCGCCCCGAAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AACGTTTTCCAATGATGAGCACTTTTAAAGTTCTGCTATGTGGCGCGGTATTATCCCGTATTGACGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CGGGCAAGAGCAACTCGGTCGCCGCATACACTATTCTCAGAATGACTTGGTTGAGTACTCACCAGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CACAGAAAAGCATCTTACGGATGGCATGACAGTAAGAGAATTATGCAGTGCTGCCATAACCATGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GTGATAACACTGCGGCCAACTTACTTCTGACAACGATCGGAGGACCGAAGGAGCTAACCGCTTTTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TGCACAACATGGGGGATCATGTAACTCGCCTTGATCGTTGGGAACCGGAGCTGAATGAAGCCATA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CCAAACGACGAGCGTGACACCACGATGCCTGTAGCAATGGCAACAACGTTGCGCAAACTATTAAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TGGCGAACTACTTACTCTAGCTTCCCGGCAACAATTAATAGACTGGATGGAGGCGGATAAAGTTGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGGACCACTTCTGCGCTCGGCCCTTCCGGCTGGCTGGTTTATTGCTGATAAATCTGGAGCCGGTGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GCGTGGGTCTCGCGGTATCATTGCAGCACTGGGGCCAGATGGTAAGCCCTCCCGTATCGTAGTTAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CTACACGACGGGGAGTCAGGCAACTATGACCTTCCAGGGTCAAGGAAGCTGTCAGACCAAGTTTA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CTCATATATACTTTAGATTGATTTAAAACTTCATTTTTAATTTAAAAGGATCTAGGTGAAGATCCTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTTGATAATCTCATGACCAAAATCCCTTAACGTGAGTTTTCGTTCCACTGAGCGTCAGACCCCGTA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GAAAAGATCAAAGGATCTTCTTGAGATCCTTTTTTTCTGCGCGTAATCTGCTGCTTGCAAACAAAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AAACCACCGCTACCAGCGGTGGTTTGTTTGCCGGATCAAGAGCTACCAACTCTTTTTCCGAAGGTA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ACTGGCTTCAGCAGAGCGCAGATACCAAATACTGTCCTTCTAGTGTAGCCGTAGTTAGGCCACCAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTCAAGAACTCTGTAGCACCGCCTACATACCTCGCTCTGCTAATCCTGTTACCAGTGGCTGCTGCCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GTGGCGATAAGTCGTGTCTTACCGGGTTGGACTCAAGACGATAGTTACCGGATAAGGCGCAGCGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TCGGGCTGAACGGGGGGTTCGTGCACACAGCCCAGCTTGGAGCGAACGACCTACACCGAACTGAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATACCTACAGCGTGAGCATTGAGAAAGCGCCACGCTTCCCGAAGGGAGAAAGGCGGACAGGTATC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CGGTAAGCGGCAGGGTCGGAACAGGAGAGCGCACGAGGGAGCTTCCAGGGGGAAACGCCTGGTA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TCTTTATAGTCCTGTCGGGTTTCGCCACCTCTGACTTGAGCGTCGATTTTTGTGATGCTCGTCAGGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GGGCGGAGCCTATGGAAAAACGCCAGCAACGCGGCCTTTTTACGGTTCCTGGCCTTTTGCTGGCCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TTTGCTCACATGTTCTTTCCTGCGTTATCCCCTGATTCTGTGGATAACCGTATTACCGCCTTTGAGTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AGCTGATACCGCTCGCCGCAGCCGAACGACCGAGCGCAGCGAGTCAGTGAGCGAGGAAGCGGAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GAGCGCCCAATACGCAAACCGCCTCTCCCCGCGCGTTGGCCGATTCATTAATGCAGCTGGGCTGCA 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Methods of Producing Virus Vectors 
     The present invention further provides methods of producing virus vectors. In one particular embodiment, the present invention provides a method of producing a recombinant parvovirus particle, comprising providing to a cell permissive for parvovirus replication: (a) a recombinant parvovirus template comprising (i) the nucleic acid encoding NAGLU of the invention, and (ii) a parvovirus ITR; (b) a polynucleotide comprising Rep and Cap coding sequences; under conditions sufficient for the replication and packaging of the recombinant parvovirus template; whereby recombinant parvovirus particles are produced in the cell. Conditions sufficient for the replication and packaging of the recombinant parvovirus template can be, e.g., the presence of AAV sequences sufficient for replication of the parvovirus template and encapsidation into parvovirus capsids (e.g., parvovirus rep sequences and parvovirus cap sequences) and helper sequences from adenovirus and/or herpesvirus. In particular embodiments, the parvovirus template comprises two parvovirus ITR sequences, which are located 5′ and 3′ to the heterologous nucleic acid sequence, although they need not be directly contiguous thereto. 
     In some embodiments, the recombinant parvovirus template comprises an ITR that is not resolved by Rep to make duplexed AAV vectors as described in international patent publication WO 01/92551. 
     The parvovirus template and parvovirus rep and cap sequences are provided under conditions such that virus vector comprising the parvovirus template packaged within the parvovirus capsid is produced in the cell. The method can further comprise the step of collecting the virus vector from the cell. The virus vector can be collected from the medium and/or by lysing the cells. 
     The cell can be a cell that is permissive for parvoviral viral replication. Any suitable cell known in the art may be employed. In particular embodiments, the cell is a mammalian cell (e.g., a primate or human cell). As another option, the cell can be a trans-complementing packaging cell line that provide functions deleted from a replication-defective helper virus, e.g., 293 cells or other E1a trans-complementing cells. 
     The parvovirus replication and capsid sequences may be provided by any method known in the art. Current protocols typically express the parvovirus rep/cap genes on a single plasmid. The parvovirus replication and packaging sequences need not be provided together, although it may be convenient to do so. The parvovirus rep and/or cap sequences may be provided by any viral or non-viral vector. For example, the rep/cap sequences may be provided by a hybrid adenovirus or herpesvirus vector (e.g., inserted into the E1a or E3 regions of a deleted adenovirus vector). EBV vectors may also be employed to express the parvovirus cap and rep genes. One advantage of this method is that EBV vectors are episomal, yet will maintain a high copy number throughout successive cell divisions (i.e., are stably integrated into the cell as extra-chromosomal elements, designated as an “EBV based nuclear episome,” see Margolski, (1992)  Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immun.  158:67). 
     As a further alternative, the rep/cap sequences may be stably incorporated into a cell. 
     Typically the parvovirus rep/cap sequences will not be flanked by the TRs, to prevent rescue and/or packaging of these sequences. 
     The parvovirus template can be provided to the cell using any method known in the art. For example, the template can be supplied by a non-viral (e.g., plasmid) or viral vector. In particular embodiments, the parvovirus template is supplied by a herpesvirus or adenovirus vector (e.g., inserted into the E1a or E3 regions of a deleted adenovirus). As another illustration, Palombo et al., (1998)  J. Virology  72:5025, describes a baculovirus vector carrying a reporter gene flanked by the AAV TRs. EBV vectors may also be employed to deliver the template, as described above with respect to the rep/cap genes. 
     In another representative embodiment, the parvovirus template is provided by a replicating rAAV virus. In still other embodiments, an AAV provirus comprising the parvovirus template is stably integrated into the chromosome of the cell. 
     To enhance virus titers, helper virus functions (e.g., adenovirus or herpesvirus) that promote a productive parvovirus infection can be provided to the cell. Helper virus sequences necessary for parvovirus replication are known in the art. Typically, these sequences will be provided by a helper adenovirus or herpesvirus vector. Alternatively, the adenovirus or herpesvirus sequences can be provided by another non-viral or viral vector, e.g., as a non-infectious adenovirus miniplasmid that carries all of the helper genes that promote efficient parvovirus production as described by Ferrari et al., (1997)  Nature Med.  3:1295, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,040,183 and 6,093,570. 
     Further, the helper virus functions may be provided by a packaging cell with the helper sequences embedded in the chromosome or maintained as a stable extrachromosomal element. Generally, the helper virus sequences cannot be packaged into AAV virions, e.g., are not flanked by ITRs. 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that it may be advantageous to provide the parvovirus replication and capsid sequences and the helper virus sequences (e.g., adenovirus sequences) on a single helper construct. This helper construct may be a non-viral or viral construct. As one nonlimiting illustration, the helper construct can be a hybrid adenovirus or hybrid herpesvirus comprising the AAV rep/cap genes. 
     In one particular embodiment, the parvovirus rep/cap sequences and the adenovirus helper sequences are supplied by a single adenovirus helper vector. This vector can further comprise the parvovirus template. The parvovirus rep/cap sequences and/or the parvovirus template can be inserted into a deleted region (e.g., the E1a or E3 regions) of the adenovirus. 
     In a further embodiment, the parvovirus rep/cap sequences and the adenovirus helper sequences are supplied by a single adenovirus helper vector. According to this embodiment, the parvovirus template can be provided as a plasmid template. 
     In another illustrative embodiment, the parvovirus rep/cap sequences and adenovirus helper sequences are provided by a single adenovirus helper vector, and the parvovirus template is integrated into the cell as a provirus. Alternatively, the parvovirus template is provided by an EBV vector that is maintained within the cell as an extrachromosomal element (e.g., as an EBV based nuclear episome). 
     In a further exemplary embodiment, the parvovirus rep/cap sequences and adenovirus helper sequences are provided by a single adenovirus helper. The parvovirus template can be provided as a separate replicating viral vector. For example, the parvovirus template can be provided by a parvovirus particle or a second recombinant adenovirus particle. 
     According to the foregoing methods, the hybrid adenovirus vector typically comprises the adenovirus 5′ and 3′ cis sequences sufficient for adenovirus replication and packaging (i.e., the adenovirus terminal repeats and PAC sequence). The parvovirus rep/cap sequences and, if present, the AAV template are embedded in the adenovirus backbone and are flanked by the 5′ and 3′ cis sequences, so that these sequences may be packaged into adenovirus capsids. As described above, the adenovirus helper sequences and the parvovirus rep/cap sequences are generally not flanked by ITRs so that these sequences are not packaged into the parvovirus virions. 
     Zhang et al., ((2001)  Gene Ther.  18:704-12) describe a chimeric helper comprising both adenovirus and the AAV rep and cap genes. 
     Herpesvirus may also be used as a helper virus in parvovirus packaging methods. Hybrid herpesviruses encoding the parvovirus Rep protein(s) may advantageously facilitate scalable parvovirus vector production schemes. A hybrid herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) vector expressing the AAV-2 rep and cap genes has been described (Conway et al., (1999)  Gene Ther.  6:986 and WO 00/17377. 
     As a further alternative, the virus vectors of the invention can be produced in insect cells using baculovirus vectors to deliver the rep/cap genes and parvovirus template as described, for example, by Urabe et al., (2002)  Human Gene Ther.  13:1935-43. 
     Parvovirus vector stocks free of contaminating helper virus may be obtained by any method known in the art. For example, parvovirus and helper virus may be readily differentiated based on size. Parvovirus may also be separated away from helper virus based on affinity for a heparin substrate (Zolotukhin et al., (1999)  Gene Therapy  6:973). Deleted replication-defective helper viruses can be used so that any contaminating helper virus is not replication competent. As a further alternative, an adenovirus helper lacking late gene expression may be employed, as only adenovirus early gene expression is required to mediate packaging of parvovirus. Adenovirus mutants defective for late gene expression are known in the art (e.g., ts100K and ts149 adenovirus mutants). 
     Recombinant Virus Vectors 
     The virus vectors of the present invention are useful for the delivery of nucleic acids to cells in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. In particular, the virus vectors can be advantageously employed to deliver or transfer nucleic acids to animal, including mammalian, cells. In particular, the virus vectors of the present invention are useful for the delivery of a nucleic acid encoding NAGLU to a subject. 
     It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the nucleic acid encoding NAGLU can be operably associated with appropriate control sequences. For example, the nucleic acid can be operably associated with expression control elements, such as transcription/translation control signals, origins of replication, polyadenylation signals, internal ribosome entry sites (IRES), promoters, and/or enhancers, and the like. 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a variety of promoter/enhancer elements can be used depending on the level and tissue-specific expression desired. The promoter/enhancer can be constitutive or inducible, depending on the pattern of expression desired. The promoter/enhancer can be native or foreign and can be a natural or a synthetic sequence. By foreign, it is intended that the transcriptional initiation region is not found in the wild-type host into which the transcriptional initiation region is introduced. 
     In particular embodiments, the promoter/enhancer elements can be native to the target cell or subject to be treated. In representative embodiments, the promoters/enhancer element can be native to the NAGLU nucleic acid sequence. The promoter/enhancer element is generally chosen so that it functions in the target cell(s) of interest. Further, in particular embodiments the promoter/enhancer element is a mammalian promoter/enhancer element. In particular embodiments, the promoter/enhancer element functions in all cells so that NAGLU is expressed systemically. The promoter/enhancer element may be constitutive or inducible. 
     Inducible expression control elements are typically advantageous in those applications in which it is desirable to provide regulation over expression of the nucleic acid sequence. Inducible promoters/enhancer elements for gene delivery can be tissue-specific or -preferred promoter/enhancer elements, and include neuron specific or preferred promoter/enhancer elements. Other inducible promoter/enhancer elements include hormone-inducible and metal-inducible elements. Exemplary inducible promoters/enhancer elements include, but are not limited to, a Tet on/off element, a RU486-inducible promoter, an ecdysone-inducible promoter, a rapamycin-inducible promoter, and a metallothionein promoter. 
     In embodiments wherein the nucleic acid sequence is transcribed and then translated in the target cells, specific initiation signals are generally included for efficient translation of inserted protein coding sequences. These exogenous translational control sequences, which may include the ATG initiation codon and adjacent sequences, can be of a variety of origins, both natural and synthetic. 
     The virus vectors of the invention can be parvovirus vectors, e.g., AAV vectors. The AAV vectors may be any AAV serotype. In some embodiments, the AAV vector is an AAV2, AAV8, or AAV9 vector. In some embodiments, the AAV vector is a hybrid vector, e.g., one having a capsid protein from one serotype and a genome from another serotype or one having a synthetic capsid protein. In certain embodiments, the vector comprises a hybrid capsid with an altered tropism. In one example the hybrid capsid comprising a glycan binding site (e.g., a galactose binding site) from one serotype (e.g., AAV9) in a capsid sequence from another serotype (e.g., AAV8) (see, e.g., WO 2014/144229, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety). 
     The virus vectors according to the present invention provide a means for delivering NAGLU nucleic acids into a broad range of cells, including dividing and non-dividing cells. The virus vectors can be employed to deliver the nucleic acid to a cell in vitro, e.g., to produce a polypeptide in vitro or for ex vivo gene therapy. The virus vectors are additionally useful in a method of delivering the nucleic acid to a subject in need thereof, e.g., to express NAGLU. In this manner, the polypeptide can be produced in vivo in the subject. The subject can be in need of the polypeptide because the subject has a deficiency of the polypeptide. Further, the method can be practiced because the production of the polypeptide in the subject may impart some beneficial effect. 
     The virus vectors can also be used to produce NAGLU in cultured cells or in a subject (e.g., using the subject as a bioreactor to produce the polypeptide or to observe the effects of the polypeptide on the subject, for example, in connection with screening methods). 
     The virus vectors of the present invention can be employed to deliver a nucleic acid encoding NAGLU to treat and/or prevent any disease state for which it is beneficial to deliver NAGLU, e.g., MPS IIIB. 
     Virus vectors according to the instant invention find use in diagnostic and screening methods, whereby the NAGLU nucleic acid is transiently or stably expressed in a cell culture system, in an organ or organ culture, or alternatively, a transgenic animal model. 
     The virus vectors of the present invention can also be used for various non-therapeutic purposes, including but not limited to use in protocols to assess gene targeting, clearance, transcription, translation, etc., as would be apparent to one skilled in the art. The virus vectors can also be used for the purpose of evaluating safety (spread, toxicity, immunogenicity, etc.). Such data, for example, are considered by the United States Food and Drug Administration as part of the regulatory approval process prior to evaluation of clinical efficacy. 
     Alternatively, the virus vector may be administered to a cell ex vivo, and the altered cell is administered to the subject. The virus vector comprising the NAGLU nucleic acid is introduced into the cell, and the cell is administered to the subject, where the nucleic acid can be expressed. 
     Subjects, Pharmaceutical Formulations, and Modes of Administration 
     Virus vectors and capsids according to the present invention find use in both veterinary and medical applications. Suitable subjects include both avians and mammals. The term “avian” as used herein includes, but is not limited to, chickens, ducks, geese, quail, turkeys, pheasant, parrots, parakeets, and the like. The term “mammal” as used herein includes, but is not limited to, humans, non-human primates, bovines, ovines, caprines, equines, felines, canines, lagomorphs, etc. Human subjects include neonates, infants, juveniles and adults. 
     In particular embodiments, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a virus vector of the invention in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and, optionally, other medicinal agents, pharmaceutical agents, stabilizing agents, buffers, carriers, adjuvants, diluents, etc. For injection, the carrier will typically be a liquid. For other methods of administration, the carrier may be either solid or liquid. For inhalation administration, the carrier will be respirable, and optionally can be in solid or liquid particulate form. 
     By “pharmaceutically acceptable” it is meant a material that is not toxic or otherwise undesirable, i.e., the material may be administered to a subject without causing any undesirable biological effects. 
     One aspect of the present invention is a method of transferring a nucleic acid to a cell in vitro. The virus vector may be introduced into the cells at the appropriate multiplicity of infection according to standard transduction methods suitable for the particular target cells. Titers of virus vector to administer can vary, depending upon the target cell type and number, and the particular virus vector, and can be determined by those of skill in the art without undue experimentation. In representative embodiments, at least about 10 3  infectious units, more preferably at least about 10 5  infectious units are introduced to the cell. 
     The cell(s) into which the virus vector is introduced can be of any type. Moreover, the cell can be from any species of origin, as indicated above. 
     The virus vector can be introduced into cells in vitro for the purpose of administering the modified cell to a subject. In particular embodiments, the cells have been removed from a subject, the virus vector is introduced therein, and the cells are then administered back into the subject. Methods of removing cells from subject for manipulation ex vivo, followed by introduction back into the subject are known in the art (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,399,346). Alternatively, the recombinant virus vector can be introduced into cells from a donor subject, into cultured cells, or into cells from any other suitable source, and the cells are administered to a subject in need thereof (i.e., a “recipient” subject). 
     Suitable cells for ex vivo gene delivery are as described above. Dosages of the cells to administer to a subject will vary upon the age, condition and species of the subject, the type of cell, the nucleic acid being expressed by the cell, the mode of administration, and the like. Typically, at least about 10 2  to about 10 8  cells or at least about 10 3  to about 10 6  cells will be administered per dose in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In particular embodiments, the cells transduced with the virus vector are administered to the subject in a treatment effective or prevention effective amount in combination with a pharmaceutical carrier. 
     A further aspect of the invention is a method of administering the virus vector to subjects. Administration of the virus vectors according to the present invention to a human subject or an animal in need thereof can be by any means known in the art. Optionally, the virus vector is delivered in a treatment effective or prevention effective dose in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 
     Dosages of the virus vector to be administered to a subject depend upon the mode of administration, the disease or condition to be treated and/or prevented, the individual subject&#39;s condition, the particular virus vector, and the nucleic acid to be delivered, and the like, and can be determined in a routine manner. Exemplary doses for achieving therapeutic effects are titers of at least about 10 5 , 10 6 , 10 7 , 10 8 , 10 9 , 10 10 , 10 11 , 10 12 , 10 13 , 10 14 , 10 15 , 10 16 , 10 17 , 10 18  transducing units, optionally about 10 8  to about 10 15  transducing units. 
     In particular embodiments, more than one administration (e.g., two, three, four or more administrations) may be employed to achieve the desired level of gene expression over a period of various intervals, e.g., daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, etc. 
     Exemplary modes of administration include systemic administration, e.g., intravenous administration. 
     Delivery to a target tissue can also be achieved by delivering a depot comprising the virus vector. In representative embodiments, a depot comprising the virus vector is implanted into the tissue or the tissue can be contacted with a film or other matrix comprising the virus vector. Such implantable matrices or substrates are described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,201,898. 
     In particular embodiments, a virus vector according to the present invention is administered systematically, e.g., intravenously, to treat, delay the onset of and/or prevent symptoms associated with MPS IIIB. 
     Thus, as one aspect, the invention further encompasses a method of delivering NAGLU to a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an AAV particle that expresses NAGLU, thereby delivering NAGLU to the subject. 
     In another aspect, the invention further encompasses a method of treating, delaying the onset of, and/or preventing MPS IIIB or one or more symptoms associated with MPS IIIB in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an AAV particle that expresses NAGLU, thereby treating, delaying the onset of, and/or preventing MPS IIIB or one or more symptoms associated with MPS IIIB in the subject. 
     In the methods of the invention, the subject may be one has been diagnosed with MPS IIIB or is suspected of having MPS IIIB. In certain embodiments, the subject is an infant or child, e.g., less than 18 years old, e.g., less than 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, or 5 years old. In some embodiments, the subject has not developed symptoms of MPS IIIB. 
     Injectables can be prepared in conventional forms, either as liquid solutions or suspensions, solid forms suitable for solution or suspension in liquid prior to injection, or as emulsions. Alternatively, one may administer the virus vector and/or virus capsids of the invention in a local manner, for example, in a depot or sustained-release formulation. Further, the virus vector and/or virus capsid can be delivered adhered to a surgically implantable matrix (e.g., as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2004-0013645). 
     Having described the present invention, the same will be explained in greater detail in the following examples, which are included herein for illustration purposes only, and which are not intended to be limiting to the invention. 
     Example 1 
     Development of Improved rAAV-hNAGLU Vectors 
     rAAV vector product: To develop more effective gene therapy products for treating MPS IIIB, 2 rAAV vector plasmids were constructed to produce second generation rAAV vectors. The single-strand rAAV vector genome contains only minimal elements required for transgene expression, including AAV2 terminal repeats, SV40 splicing signal, codon-optimized hNAGLU cDNA (hNAGLU op ) and SV40 Poly A signal, controlled by a hybrid CBA promoter with CMV enhancer or a CMV promoter (CMV).  FIG.  1    illustrates the structure of rAAV-CBA-hNAGLU op  viral vector genome. 
     Codon-modification enhanced secretion of rNAGLU: To assess the impacts of codon-modification on the transgene product, the rAAV-hNAGLU op  constructs were tested in vitro in HEK293 cells and/or Hela cells by transfection, using the first generation rAAV-CMV-hNAGLU vector construct as control. rAAV-CBA-hNAGLU op  and rAAV-CMV-hNAGLU op  constructs resulted in significant increases of NAGLU activity (per ml) in the media and decreases of NAGLU activity (per mg protein) in cell lysates, compared to rAAV-CMV-hNAGLU ( FIGS.  2 A- 2 B ). Total combined NAGLU activity levels (cell lysates+media/transfection plate) were significantly higher in samples transfected with rAAV-CBA-hNAGLU op  and rAAV-CMV-hNAGLU op  than in samples transfected with the control rAAV-CMV-hNAGLU ( FIG.  2 C ). These data indicate that the codon-optimization increased the expression of rNAGLU, and more importantly, with significantly enhanced enzyme secretion of the recombinant enzyme. It is therefore believed that the codon-modified rAAV-hNAGLU op  vectors may have added therapeutic benefits for treating MPS IIIB over the first generation product (rAAV-CMV-hNAGLU), by improved by-stander effects of rNAGLU due to the improved rNAGLU expression and enhanced rNAGLU secretion. 
     Therapeutic impact of systemic rAAV9-hNAGLU op  gene delivery for treating MPS IIIB in mice: MPS IIIB mice (NAGLU knockout through disruption of exon 6 of the gene) were treated at age 1 month, 3 months, or 6 months with an IV injection of 1×10 13  vg/kg, or 2×10 13  vg/kg rAAV9-CBA-hNAGLU op  vector via tail vein. Non-treated MPS IIIB and WT littermates were used as controls. The animals were tested for behavior performance at age 7 months and observed for longevity. Necropsies were performed at 1 week, 1 month, or 7 months post injection (pi), or at the humane endpoint, to assess rNAGLU expression, lysosomal storage pathology, vector biodistribution and histopathology. Table 2 summarizes the study design. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Study design: systemic rAAV9-CBA-hNAGLU delivery in MPS IIIB mice 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Vector 
                   
                 Number of animals (n) 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 dose 
                 Injection 
                   
                 Tissue analyses 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Cohorts 
                 (vg/kg) 
                 age (m) 
                 Total 
                 Behavior* 
                 7 d pi 
                 1 m pi 
                 7 m pi 
                 End 
                 Longevity 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 1. MPS 
                 1 × 10 13   
                 1 
                 13 
                 12 
                 — 
                 — 
                 4 
                 2 
                   9** 
               
               
                 2. MPS 
                 2 × 10 13   
                 1 
                 9 
                  3 
                 — 
                 4 
                 — 
                 — 
                   3** 
               
               
                 3. MPS 
                 2 × 10 13   
                 3 
                 6 
                 — 
                 2 
                 4 
                 — 
                 — 
                  0 
               
               
                 4. MPS 
                 2 × 10 13   
                 6 
                 11 
                  9 
                 — 
                 2 
                 — 
                 3 
                  9 
               
               
                 5. MPS #   
                 — 
                 — 
                 33 
                 16 
                 — 
                 4 
                 6 
                 n/a 
                 23 
               
               
                 6. WT #   
                 — 
                 — 
                 41 
                 17 
                 — 
                 4 
                 6 
                 n/a 
                 31 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *Behavior test at 6 m pi; 
               
               
                 **ongoing; 
               
               
                   # combined from multiple historical studies 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     A similar study was carried out with rAAV9-CMV-hNAGLU op . MPS IIIB mice were treated at age 1 month, 3 months or 6 months with a IV injection of 1×10 13  vg/kg, or 2×10 13  vg/kg rAAV9-rAAV9-CMV-hNAGLU op  vector via tail vein. Non-treated MPS IIIB and WT littermates were used as controls. The animals were tested for behavior performance at age 7 months and observed for longevity. Necropsies were performed at 1 wk, 1 month or 7 months post injection (pi), or at the humane endpoint, to assess rNAGLU expression, the correction of lysosomal storage pathology, vector biodistribution and histopathology. Table 3 summarizes the study designs. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Study design: systemic rAAV9-CMV-hNAGLU delivery in MPS IIIB mice 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Vector 
                   
                 Number of animals (n) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 dose 
                 Injection 
                   
                 Tissue analyses 
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Cohorts 
                 (vg/kg) 
                 age (m) 
                 Total 
                 Behavior* 
                 7 d pi 
                 1 m pi 
                 7 m pi 
                 End** 
                 Longevity 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1. MPS 
                 1 × 10 13   
                 1 
                 12 
                 12 
                 — 
                 — 
                 4 
                 2 
                  8 
               
               
                 2. MPS 
                 2 × 10 13   
                 3 
                 10 
                 — 
                 2 
                 8 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 3. MPS 
                 2 × 10 13   
                 6 
                 11 
                  9 
                 — 
                 2 
                 — 
                 2 
                  9 
               
               
                 5. MPS #   
                 — 
                 — 
                 33 
                 16 
                 — 
                 4 
                 6 
                 n/a 
                 23 
               
               
                 6. WT #   
                 — 
                 — 
                 41 
                 17 
                 — 
                 4 
                 6 
                 n/a 
                 31 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *Behavior test at age 7 m; 
               
               
                 **humane endpoint, tissues not available from dead mice; 
               
               
                   # combined from multiple historical studies 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Rapid and persistent restoration of functional NAGLU in MPS IIIB mice after an IV injection of rAAV9-CBA-hNAGLU op : NAGLU activity was detected at or above normal levels in the majority of tested tissues from all vector-treated MPS IIIB mice, at 1 week ( FIG.  3 A ) and 1 month pi ( FIGS.  3 A- 3 C ), with the exception of kidney. These data also showed that tissue NAGLU activity persisted to the endpoint ( FIGS.  3 B- 3 C ), though there were decreases over time. These data demonstrate the rapid and persistent restoration of functional rNAGLU in the CNS and peripheral tissues, supporting long-lived therapeutic potential of rAAV9-CBA-hNAGLU op  via a systemic delivery. 
     Rapid and persistent restoration of functional NAGLU in MPS IIIB mice after an IV injection of rAAV9-CMV-hNAGLU op : NAGLU activity was detected at or above normal levels in the majority of tested tissues from all vector-treated MPS IIIB mice, at 1 wk ( FIG.  4 B ) and 1 m pi ( FIGS.  4 B- 4 C ). The data also showed that tissue NAGLU activity persisted to the endpoint ( FIGS.  4 A,  4 C ), though there were decreases over time. These data demonstrate the rapid and persistent restoration of functional rNAGLU in the CNS and peripheral tissues, supporting long-lived therapeutic potential of rAAV9-CMV-hNAGLU op  via a systemic delivery. 
     Clearance of lysosomal GAG storage pathology and astrocytosis: To further assess the functionality of AAV9-mediated rNAGLU, tissues were assayed for GAG content at different time points pi. The results showed that an IV injection of rAAV9-CBA-hNAGLU op  vector resulted in significant reduction of GAG content to normal levels in the brain and a majority of tested peripheral tissues, except partial GAG reduction in kidney, in all vector treated MPS IIIB mice ( FIGS.  5 A- 5 C ). The clearance of tissue GAGs was rapid ( FIG.  5 A ) and persisted to the endpoint ( FIGS.  5 B- 5 C ). 
     A similar study was carried out with rAAV9-CMV-hNAGLU op . The results showed that an IV injection of rAAV9-CMV-hNAGLU op  vector resulted in significant reduction of GAG content to normal levels in the brain and a majority of tested peripheral tissues, except partial GAG reduction in kidney, in all vector treated MPS IIIB mice ( FIGS.  6 A- 6 C ). The clearance of tissue GAGs was rapid ( FIG.  6 B ) and persisted to the endpoint ( FIGS.  6 A,  6 C ). 
     Immunofluorescence (IF) staining showed clearance of the LAMP1 lysosomal marker throughout brain and eye ( FIG.  7 A ) and the majority of the tested somatic tissues ( FIG.  7 C ). These data support that the rAAV9-mediated rNAGLU is functional, leading to rapid and complete clearance of GAG storage in the CNS and the peripheral tissues. IF staining also showed the clearance of GFAP-positive signals in the brain and retina ( FIG.  7 B ), indicating amelioration of astrocytosis and neuroinflammation in the CNS and optical nervous system. 
     Functional benefits: correction of behavior deficits and extension of survival: To assess the functional benefits of systemic rAAV9-CBA-hNAGLU op  gene delivery, the animals were tested at age 7 months for cognitive behavior in the Morris water maze test. MPS IIIB mice treated at age 1 month with 1×10 13  vg/kg vector were tested at age 7 months, and showed normalized latency to find the hidden platform and swimming speed ( FIG.  8 A ), indicating the correction of cognitive and motor function. MPS IIIB mice treated at age 6 months with 2×10 13  vg/kg vector showed partial correction in latency to find the hidden platform and swimming ability, when tested at age 7 months ( FIG.  8 A ). Notably, these animals were treated at advanced disease stage, and likely need a longer time for the correction of the neuropathological damages, given that it was only 1 month pi when tested, as observed in previous studies in MPS IIIA mice (Fu et al., Mol. Ther. Meth. Clin. Dev. 3:16036, doi:10.1038/mtm.2016.36 (2016)). 
     Longevity studies showed significantly extended survival in MPS IIIB mice treated at age 1 month with 1×10 13  vg/kg rAAV9-CBA-hNAGLU op , and at age 1 month or 6 months with 2×10 13  vg/kg rAAV9-CBA-hNAGLU op  ( FIG.  8 B ). Importantly, while early vector treatment showed near normalized survival in MPS IIIB mice, the majority of rAAV9-treated animals lived within a normal range of lifespan ( FIG.  8 B ). These data support the correction and reversal of neurological disorders, since premature death is attributed to severe neurological manifestations. 
     A similar study was carried out with rAAV9-CMV-hNAGLU op . MPS IIIB mice treated at age 6 m with 2×10 13  vg/kg vector were tested at age 8 months, and showed near normalized latency to find the hidden platform and swimming speed ( FIG.  9 A ), indicating the correction of cognitive and motor function. Notably, these animals were treated at advanced disease stage, and were only 2 months pi when tested. Therefore, further behavioral improvements are likely as it may need a longer time for the correction of the severe neuropathological damages, as observed in previous studies in MPS IIIA mice (Fu et al., Mol. Ther. Meth. Clin. Dev. 3:16036, doi:10.1038/mtm.2016.36 (2016)). 
     Longevity studies showed significantly extended survival in MPS IIIB mice treated at age 1 month with 1×10 13  vg/kg rAAV9-CMV-hNAGLU op , and at age 1 month or 6 months with 2×10 13  vg/kg rAAV9-CMV-hNAGLU op  ( FIG.  9 B ). Importantly, while early vector treatment showed near normalized survival in MPS IIIB mice, the majority of rAAV9-treated animals lived within a normal range of lifespan ( FIG.  9 B ). These data support the correction and reversal of neurological disorders, as premature death is attributed to severe neurological manifestations. 
     Differential bio-distribution of systemically delivered rAAV9-CBA-hNAGLU op  in MPS IIIB mice: qPCR was performed to assay available tissues for rAAV9-CBA-hNAGLU op  vector genome, to assess the bio-distribution of the IV-delivered vector in the CNS and periphery. The result showed differential and persistent bio-distribution of the vector in tissues, with dose-response ( FIGS.  10 A- 10 B ), correlating to tissue rNAGLU activity levels ( FIGS.  3 A- 3 C ). A decrease was also observed in vg in tissues over time, especially in liver, possibly due to tissue turnover and the predominantly episomal status of rAAV vector genome. 
     Summary: The rAAV9-CMV-hNAGLU op  was tested by treatment of MPS IIIB mice at different ages via systemic delivery. The data demonstrate that a single IV injection of rAAV9-CBA-hNAGLU op  or rAAV9-CMV-hNAGLU op  vector is functionally beneficial, leading to the correction and reversal of the disease. Therefore, the rAAV9-CMV-hNAGLU op , or previously tested rAAV9-CBA-hNAGLU op  will be further developed towards clinical application. 
     The rAAV9-hNAGLU op  gene therapy product addresses the urgent unmet medical needs for MPS IIIB treatment and offers great potential of significantly improving the quality of life of not only MPS IIIB patients but also their families. 
     The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention, and is not to be construed as limiting thereof. The invention is defined by the following claims, with equivalents of the claims to be included therein.