Patent Publication Number: US-2023164055-A1

Title: Methods and apparatus to monitor media in a direct media network

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This patent arises from a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/839,098, (now U.S. Pat. No. 11,563,666) which was filed on Jun. 13, 2022, which arises from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/780,879, (now U.S. Pat. No. 11,362,924) which was filed on Feb. 3, 2020, which arises from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,548, (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,554,530) which was filed on Dec. 20, 2016. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/780,879 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,548 are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. Priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/780,879 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,548 is hereby claimed. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     This disclosure relates generally to monitoring media, and, more particularly, to methods and apparatus to monitor media in a direct media network. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In recent years, methods of accessing media have evolved. For example, in the past, Internet media was primarily accessed via computer systems such as desktop and laptop computers. Recently, handheld mobile devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets, etc.) have been introduced that allow users to request and view Internet media. Such handheld mobile devices have been equipped with a capability to stream the Internet media on additional streaming media devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets, televisions, etc.). 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a block diagram of an example environment in which an example streaming monitor monitors streaming media. 
         FIG.  2    is a block diagram of an example implementation of the streaming monitor of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  3    is a block diagram of an example implementation of the central facility of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  4    is a flowchart representative of example machine-readable instructions that may be executed to implement the streaming monitor of  FIGS.  1  and/or  2    to operate as a Group Owner of a Wi-Fi Direct network. 
         FIG.  5    illustrates an example data flow diagram illustrating a formation of a Wi-Fi Direct network between the streaming monitor and the client devices of  FIGS.  1  and/or  2   . 
         FIG.  6    is a flowchart representative of example machine-readable instructions that may be executed to implement the streaming monitor of  FIGS.  1  and/or  2    to operate as a client device of a Wi-Fi direct network. 
         FIG.  7    is a flowchart representative of example machine-readable instructions that may be executed to implement the central facility of  FIGS.  1  and/or  3   . 
         FIG.  8    is a block diagram of an example processing platform structured to execute the example machine-readable instructions of  FIGS.  4 - 6    to implement the streaming monitor of  FIGS.  1  and/or  2   . 
         FIG.  9    is a block diagram of an example processing platform structured to execute the example machine-readable instructions of  FIG.  7    to implement the central facility of  FIGS.  1  and/or  3   . 
     
    
    
     Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawing(s) and accompanying written description to refer to the same or like parts. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In recent years, the use of media devices (e.g., an Apple TV®, an Apple iPad®, a Google Chromecast™, a Roku™ media player, a Slingbox™ media player, a Microsoft® Xbox®, a Sony PlayStation™, etc.) to present streaming media available via the Internet has increased. As used herein “media” refers to audio and/or visual (still or moving) content and/or advertisements. As used herein, streaming and/or streaming media refers to media that is presented to a user by a media device at least partially in parallel with the media being transmitted (e.g., via a network) to the media device (or a device associated with the media device) from a media provider. 
     As different types of media providers and media applications (e.g., a Netflix™ application, a Hulu™ application, a Pandora™ application, etc.) for such media devices have been created, the popularity of streaming media has increased. Indeed, some households have eliminated traditional sources of media (e.g., satellite television, cable television) in favor of such streaming devices. In view of the increasing popularity of accessing media in this manner, understanding how users interact with the streaming media (e.g., such as by understanding what media is presented, how the media is presented, who is accessing such media, etc.) provides valuable information to service providers, advertisers, content providers, media providers, manufacturers, and/or other entities. 
     In some examples, users view streaming media via a streaming device such as, for example, a smartphone, a tablet, a personal computer, etc. Streaming media is transmitted from a media provider (e.g., a streaming media provider such as, for example, Netflix™, Hulu™, etc.) to the streaming device via a network. In some examples, the media is displayed by the streaming device that receives the streaming media. However, in some examples, the streaming device uses remote presentation techniques to present the media via a media presentation device such as, for example, a television. 
     In some examples, the remote presentation is implemented by transmitting the media to the media presentation device (e.g., the television) via, for example, a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. Wi-Fi Direct is an example P2P network used to share the media and/or stream the media from a streaming client device (e.g., a smartphone, a tablet, a personal computer, etc.) to a media presentation device (e.g., a television) without the use of a wireless access point. Wi-Fi Direct is an example wireless technology standard enabling devices to connect to one another without the use of the wireless access point and a corresponding Internet connection. Users may utilize a Wi-Fi Direct connection to display media, share information, and/or sync data without joining a traditional home, office, or hotspot network. Such devices that may utilize the Wi-Fi Direct technology include cameras, gaming devices, mobile phones, printers, personal computers, etc. Devices may use the Wi-Fi Direct connection to make a one-to-one connection, or form a group where multiple devices are connected to each other simultaneously. 
     Streaming media applications that include the use of one or more Wi-Fi Direct connections may pose challenges to a monitoring system that includes using an installed metering device in a household. In some examples, a user with a streaming client device (e.g., a smartphone, a tablet, a personal computer, etc.) may stream media directly to a media presentation device (e.g., a television) and bypass an installed metering device in the household. For example, the user in the household may stream the media directly from the streaming client device to the media presentation device via a Wi-Fi Direct connection. Streaming the media directly to the media presentation device may include the media not passing through an intermediary device (e.g., a meter, a modem, a router, etc.) or being subject to metering processing such as, for example, extracting embedded codes, signatures, watermarks, etc. from the media. Bypassing the installed metering device may include the metering device not being able to monitor the media between the streaming client device and the media presentation device. For example, the streaming client device and the media presentation device may be in a Wi-Fi Direct network. The metering device may not be connected to the same Wi-Fi Direct network and, thus, may not be able to monitor information such as media identification (e.g., identification of media) information, media device information, etc. If the streaming client device streams the media directly to the media presentation device in the Wi-Fi Direct network, the media avoids being transmitted through the installed meter and/or processed by the installed meter. Bypassing the installed meter prevents the meter from performing functions such as, for example, extracting media identification information from the media and identifying the media based on the extracted media identification information. 
     Example methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture disclosed herein may be used to identify media information within the Wi-Fi Direct network. In some examples, the media information relates to media streaming from a streaming client device to a media presentation device. In some instances, the media information relates to the media transmitted from the streaming client device to the media presentation device in a non-streaming application. For example, the media information may relate to the media presented by the media presentation device, where the media was completely transmitted to the media presentation device prior to the media presentation device accessing the media. For example, the media presentation device may present the media during a time period in which the streaming client device is not transmitting the media to the media presentation device. 
     The media information may include media identification information of the media. For example, the media identification information may include information identifying a type of the media (e.g., the media is an audio file, the media is a video file, etc.), identifying a source of the media (e.g., an audio file from Spotify®, a video file from YouTube®, etc.). The media information may include quality information of the media. For example, the quality information may include a resolution of the media (e.g., an audio file resolution, a video file resolution, etc.). The media information may include network performance information related to a transmission of the media. For example, the media information may include a bandwidth (e.g., a data rate) of a data connection between two devices where a first device is streaming the media to a second device. The media information may also include tag information such as, for example, geotag information associated with accessing the media. 
     While the examples included herein refer to Wi-Fi Direct networks by example, any type of direct media network (e.g., a network including a point-to-point connection between two devices enabling a transfer of media between the two devices, where the transfer is not transmitted through a third device) may be utilized. Any instance of Wi-Fi Direct described herein may be interpreted as direct media network. 
     Example methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture disclosed herein may be used to identify media device information of a media device (e.g., a media device operating as a Group Owner, a media device operating as a client device, etc.) within the Wi-Fi Direct network. The media device information may include device identification information (e.g., a device name, a device ID, etc.), device manufacturer information (e.g., Apple®, Google®, Samsung®, etc.), device type information (e.g., Apple® iPhone® 7, Google® Pixel, etc.), device operating system information (e.g., Apple® iOS, Google® Android®, etc.), and/or a device media access control (MAC) address. 
     In some disclosed examples, a streaming monitor is a Group Owner of a Wi-Fi Direct network. As used herein, the phrase “Group Owner” refers to a device that forms and monitors a group (e.g., a Wi-Fi Direct network), where the device operates as an access point in the group where additional devices may join the group as client devices. The Group Owner may have responsibilities such as, for example, starting and stopping the Wi-Fi Direct network, configuring an operation mode of one or more devices to function as a Group Client, monitoring the media information, the media device information, etc. In some examples, the Group Owner may relay and/or transmit media from a streaming client device to a media presentation device. The Group Owner may obtain the media information such as, for example, quality information of the media (e.g., the media is 720p video, the media is 1080p video, etc.), a source identification of the media (e.g., the media is video content from Vimeo®, the media is video content from YouTube®, etc.) a type identification of the media (e.g., the media is an audio file, the media is a photo file, the media is a video file, etc.), a bandwidth of the streaming media (e.g., a bandwidth of data transfer), etc. The Group Owner may obtain the media device information of the streaming client device such as, for example, the device type information (e.g., the device type is an Apple® iPhone® 7) of the streaming client device, the MAC address of the streaming client device, etc. 
     In some disclosed examples in which the streaming monitor is configured to operate as the Group Owner of the Wi-Fi Direct network, the streaming monitor periodically sends information to a central facility for processing. The streaming monitor may obtain information from one or more client devices connected to the Wi-Fi Direct network. The streaming monitor may process the obtained information and generate one or more messages or messages. A message may be, for example, a data packet or a collection of data packets that include the media information and/or the media device information. For example, the message may include the media information regarding data flow within the Wi-Fi Direct network. In another example, the message may include a bandwidth of streaming media, a source identification of the streaming media (e.g., a YouTube® uniform resource locator, etc.), quality information of the streaming media (e.g., the streaming media is a 1080p video, etc.) or tag information of the streaming media (e.g., a geotag, etc.). 
     In some disclosed examples, the message includes the media device information regarding the media devices in the Wi-Fi Direct network. For example, the message may include the device identification information (e.g., the device name, the device ID, etc.), the device manufacturer information (e.g., Apple®, Google®, Samsung®, etc.), the device type information (e.g., Apple® iPhone® 7, Google® Pixel, etc.), the device operating system information (e.g., Apple® iOS, Google® Android®, etc.), and/or the device MAC address. In some instances, the message includes administrative information such as, for example, a time stamp, a number of devices connected to the network, etc. In some instances, the message(s) are transmitted to the central facility over a cellular or wireless network (e.g., a wireless connection). 
     In some disclosed examples, the streaming monitor is configured to operate as a client device of an existing Wi-Fi Direct network (e.g., instead of or in addition to operating as a Group Owner). For example, the streaming monitor may be a client device of the Wi-Fi direct network, where a user&#39;s mobile device is a Group Owner of the Wi-Fi direct network. The streaming monitor configured as the client device may have responsibilities such as, for example, connecting and disconnecting to the Wi-Fi Direct network via the Group Owner. The streaming monitor may also broadcast the media device information regarding the devices connected to the Wi-Fi Direct network such as, for example, the device identification information (e.g., the device name, the device ID, etc.), the device manufacturer information (e.g., Apple®, Google®, Samsung®, etc.), the device type information (e.g., Apple® iPhone®, Google® Pixel™, etc.), the device operating system information (e.g., Apple® iOS, Google® Android™, etc.), and/or the device MAC address. The streaming monitor may obtain the media information from the Group Owner such as a bandwidth (e.g., a bandwidth of data transfer) of the streaming media. 
     In some disclosed examples, the streaming monitor configured as the client device of the Wi-Fi Direct network periodically sends information to the central facility for processing. The streaming monitor may obtain the information from the Group Owner and/or the client devices connected to the Wi-Fi Direct network. The streaming monitor may process the obtained information and generate one or more messages. A message may be, for example, a data packet or a collection of data packets that include information regarding the Wi-Fi Direct network and/or information regarding one or more client devices connected to the network. The message may include the media device information regarding the media devices in the Wi-Fi Direct network. For example, the message may include the device identification information (e.g., the device name, the device ID, etc.), the device manufacturer information (e.g., Apple®, Google®, Samsung®, etc.), the device type information (e.g., Apple® iPhone® 7, Google® Pixel, etc.), the device operating system information (e.g., Apple® iOS, Google® Android®, etc.), and/or the device MAC address. In some examples, the message also includes administrative information such as, for example, a time stamp, a number of devices connected to the network, etc. In some instances, the message(s) are transmitted to the central facility over a cellular or wireless network. 
       FIG.  1    is a block diagram of an example environment  100  constructed in accordance with the teachings of this disclosure to identify media (e.g., streaming media) and/or media device information within a Wi-Fi Direct network. The example environment  100  includes an example streaming monitor  105  operating in an example media exposure measurement location  110 . The example media exposure measurement location  110  includes example media devices  115 , 120 , 125 , 130 , 135 , 140  and an example modem  145 . Further shown are an example network  150 , an example central facility  155 , an example network interface  160 , an example wireless communication system  165 , an example wireless communication link  170 , an environment  175 , an environment  180 , an example Wi-Fi Direct network  185 , and an example Wi-Fi Direct network  190 . 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  1   , the streaming monitor  105  is configured to operate in an environment  175  where it operates as the Group Owner. In the illustrated example, the streaming monitor  105  is also configured to operate in an environment  180  where it operates as a client device. In the illustrated example, the streaming monitor  105  includes at least two Wi-Fi radios, where a first Wi-Fi radio is dedicated to streaming monitor Group Owner functions and a second Wi-Fi radio is dedicated to streaming monitor client device functions. 
     The media exposure measurement location  110  of the illustrated example of  FIG.  1    is a panelist household. However, the example media exposure measurement location  110  may be any other location, such as, for example an Internet café, an office, an airport, a library, a non-panelist household, etc. While, in the illustrated example, a single media exposure measurement location  110  is shown, any number and/or type(s) of media exposure measurement locations may be used. 
     The panelist household may include one or more panelists. The panelists are users registered on panels maintained by a ratings entity (e.g., an audience measurement company) that owns and/or operates the ratings entity subsystem. Traditionally, audience measurement entities (also referred to herein as “ratings entities”) determine demographic reach for advertising and media programming based on registered panel members. That is, an audience measurement entity enrolls people that consent to being monitored into a panel. During enrollment, the audience measurement entity receives demographic information from the enrolling people so that subsequent correlations may be made between advertisement/media exposure to those panelists and different demographic markets. 
     People (e.g., households, organizations, etc.) register as panelists via, for example, a user interface presented on a media device (e.g., via a website). People may be recruited as panelists in additional or alternative manners such as, for example, via a telephone interview, by completing an online survey, etc. Additionally or alternatively, people may be contacted and/or enlisted to join a panel using any desired methodology (e.g., random selection, statistical selection, phone solicitations, Internet advertisements, surveys, advertisements in shopping malls, product packaging, etc.). 
     In the illustrated example, the media exposure measurement location  110  includes the media devices  115 , 120 , 125 , 130 , 135 , 140 . The example media devices  115 , 120 , 125 , 135 , 140  are client devices of the example Wi-Fi Direct networks  185 , 190 . In some examples, the client devices also function as streaming client devices, where the streaming client devices stream media to media presentation devices. For example, the media device  115  is a streaming client device that streams the media to the media device  125 . In some examples, the client devices also function as media presentation devices, where the media presentation devices present the media streamed from the streaming client devices. For example, the media device  125  is a media presentation device that presents the media streamed from the media device  115 . 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  1   , there are two Wi-Fi Direct networks  185 , 190  at the media exposure measurement location  110 . However, there may be additional Wi-Fi Direct networks at the example media exposure measurement location  110 . In the example Wi-Fi Direct network  185 , the example streaming monitor  105  is configured to operate as the Group Owner. The example streaming monitor  105  is responsible for forming, monitoring, and disabling the example Wi-Fi Direct network  185 . Additionally or alternatively, there may be multiple streaming monitors to monitor one or more Wi-Fi Direct networks. For example, the streaming monitor  105  and a second streaming monitor may monitor the Wi-Fi Direct network  185 . In another example, the streaming monitor  105  and a third streaming monitor may monitor the Wi-Fi Direct networks  185 , 190 . During the formation process of the example Wi-Fi Direct network  185 , the example streaming monitor  105  engages in a negotiation process with a first client device. For example, the streaming monitor  105  may engage in the negotiation process with the media device  115 . The negotiation process may include a comparison of a value for a Group Owner intent attribute. For example, the Group Owner of the Wi-Fi Direct network  185  may be decided based on a comparison of a value of a Group Owner intent attribute for the media device  115  to a value of a Group Owner intent attribute for the streaming monitor  105 . The determination of the Group Owner of the Wi-Fi Direct network  185  may be decided based on having a greater value for a value of a Group Owner intent attribute. Upon successful completion of the negotiation process, the example streaming monitor  105  is determined to be the Group Owner and the example media device  115  is determined to be a client device of the example Wi-Fi Direct network  185 . For example, the streaming monitor  105  may have a value of 10 for a Group Owner intent attribute in comparison to the media device  115  having a value of 5 for a Group Owner intent attribute, where the greater value for the Group Owner intent attribute determines whether a device is the Group Owner of the Wi-Fi Direct network  185 . 
     In the illustrated example, the streaming monitor  105  is responsible for monitoring the Wi-Fi Direct network  185 . The example streaming monitor  105  may occasionally send one or more data packets to connected client devices to monitor the example Wi-Fi Direct network  185 . For example, the streaming monitor  105  may send a heartbeat data packet every 100 milliseconds to the media devices  115 , 120 , 125 . The example media devices  115 , 120 , 125  may receive the heartbeat data packet and send a confirmation data packet confirming their continued connection to the example Wi-Fi Direct network  185 . In some instances, the streaming monitor  105  may receive a cancellation data packet(s) from the media devices  115 , 120 , 125  alerting the streaming monitor  105  that one or more of the media devices  115 , 120 , 125  have left the Wi-Fi Direct network  185 . 
     In some examples, the streaming monitor  105  sends beacons within the media exposure measurement location  110  to determine if additional media devices are available to connect to the Wi-Fi Direct network  185 . For example, if the media device  120  belongs to a guest user visiting the media exposure measurement location  110 , the media device  120  may receive a beacon from the streaming monitor  105 . The beacon may alert the example media device  120  that the example Wi-Fi Direct network  185  is available to join. In response to receiving the beacon, the guest user may request the example streaming monitor  105  to join the example Wi-Fi Direct network  185  via the example media device  120 . 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  1   , the streaming monitor  105  monitors the Wi-Fi Direct network  185  by obtaining the media information. In some examples, the streaming monitor  105  obtains the media information regarding the media streamed to the streaming monitor  105 . For example, the streaming monitor  105  may obtain the media identification information by inspecting media metadata, a uniform resource locator (URL) associated with the media, etc. In some examples, the streaming monitor  105  may obtain the media quality information related to the media streaming from the media device  115  to the streaming monitor  105 . The media quality information may include a resolution of the media (e.g., an audio file resolution, a video file resolution, etc.), etc. For example, the streaming monitor  105  may determine that the media is a 1080p video file. In some instances, the streaming monitor  105  may obtain the network performance information. For example, the network performance information may include the bandwidth of the data being transmitted to the streaming monitor  105  from the media device  115 . The example streaming monitor  105  may also obtain tag information related to the media such as, for example, the geotag of the media. 
     In the illustrated example, the streaming monitor  105  monitors the Wi-Fi Direct network  185  by obtaining the media device information regarding the media devices  115 , 120 , 125 . The media device information may include the device identification information (e.g., the device name, the device ID, etc.), the device manufacturer information (e.g., Apple®, Google®, Samsung®, etc.), the device type information (e.g., Apple® iPhone® 7, Google® Pixel, etc.), the device operating system information (e.g., Apple® iOS, Google® Android®, etc.), and/or the device MAC address. For example, the streaming monitor  105  may obtain device identification information from the media device  115  that the media device  115  is an Apple® iPhone® 7 running iOS 10. 
     In the illustrated example, the streaming monitor  105  is responsible for disabling the Wi-Fi Direct network  185 . The example streaming monitor  105  disables the example Wi-Fi Direct network  185  by discontinuing connections between the streaming monitor  105  and the example media devices  115 , 120 , 125 . In some examples, the streaming monitor  105  may disable the network by leaving the network. For example, the streaming monitor  105  may leave the Wi-Fi Direct network  185 . Without a Group Owner to administer and monitor the network, the example Wi-Fi Direct network  185  effectively becomes disabled. In addition, since the example media devices  115 , 120 , 125  are connected to the example streaming monitor  105  individually without a connection to each other, the removal of the streaming monitor  105  ends the peripheral connection the media devices  115 , 120 , 125  had with each other via the streaming monitor  105 . 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  1   , the media device  115  is a client device of the Wi-Fi Direct network  185 . The example media device  115  is also a streaming client device (e.g., a smartphone), which streams media to the example streaming monitor  105 . In the illustrated example, the media device  115  streams the media to the media device  125  via the streaming monitor  105 . The example streaming monitor  105  receives the media from the example media device  115  and relays the media to the example media device  125 . The example streaming monitor  105  may process the media streamed from the example media device  115  to obtain the media information prior to transmitting the media to the example media device  125 . In some examples, the streaming monitor  105  may store a component of the media locally on the streaming monitor  105  for future processing. 
     In some examples, the media device  115  transmits the media to the media device  125  via the streaming monitor  105  in response to executing a set of machine-readable instructions. In some instances, the set of machine-readable instructions executed by the media device  115  to stream the media to the streaming monitor  105  instead of directly to the media device  125  are obtained from the streaming monitor  105 . For example, the media device  115  may obtain the machine-readable instructions from the streaming monitor  105  when the media device  115  connects to the Wi-Fi Direct network  185 . In another example, the media device  115  may obtain the machine-readable instructions from the streaming monitor  105  when the media device  115  performs the negotiation process with the streaming monitor  105 . 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  1   , the media device  120  is a client device (e.g., a laptop, a personal computer, etc.) of the Wi-Fi Direct network  185 . The example media device  120  transmits media device information such as, for example, the device identification information, the device manufacturer information, the device type information, the device operating system, the device MAC address, etc. to the example streaming monitor  105 . For example, the media device  120  may transmit to the streaming monitor  105  that the media device  120  is an Apple® MacBook® running macOS™ Sierra. 
     In some examples, the media device  120  may also be a streaming client device. For example, the media device  120  may stream a first media to the media device  125  via the streaming monitor  105  while the media device  115  streams a second media to the media device  125  via the streaming monitor  105 . The example streaming monitor  105  may determine to stream the first media, the second media, and/or a combination thereof to the example media device  125 . In some instances, the media device  120  streams the second media to the streaming monitor  105  in place of the media device  115  streaming the first media to the streaming monitor  105 . 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  1   , the media device  125  is a client device of the Wi-Fi Direct network  185 . The example media device  125  is also a media presentation device (e.g., a television) that may present the media streamed from the example media devices  115 , 120 . The example media device  125  may be responsible for transmitting media device information such as, for example, the device identification information, the device manufacturer information, the device type information, the device operating system, the device MAC address, etc. to the example streaming monitor  105 . For example, the media device  120  may transmit to the streaming monitor  105  that the media device  120  is a Samsung® smart television. In the illustrated example, the media device  125  presents the media streamed from the media device  115  via the streaming monitor  105 . In some examples, the media device  125  presents the media streamed from the media device  120  via the streaming monitor  105 . 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  1   , the media device  130  is a Group Owner of the example Wi-Fi Direct network  190 . The example media device  130  is responsible for forming, monitoring, and disabling the example Wi-Fi Direct network  190 . The example media device  130  streams media to the example media device  140 . In some examples, the media device  130  streams the media to the media device  135 . The example media device  130  obtains media device information regarding the example streaming monitor  105  operating as the client device, and the example media devices  135 , 140 . For example, the media device  130  may obtain media device information from the media device  140  that the media device  140  is a Samsung® smart television. The example media device  130  may also obtain media information. For example, the media device  130  may obtain a bandwidth of the connection between the media device  130  and the media device  140 . 
     In the Wi-Fi Direct network  190  of  FIG.  1   , the streaming monitor  105  is configured to operate as a client device. The example streaming monitor  105  operating as the client device is responsible for transmitting media device information such as, for example, the device identification information, the device manufacturer information, the device type information, the device operating system, the device MAC address, etc. to the example media device  130 . In some examples, the streaming monitor  105  operating as the client device is configured to obtain the media device information regarding a plurality of devices in the Wi-Fi Direct network  190 . For example, the streaming monitor  105  may obtain the media device information of the media devices  130 , 135 , 140  from the media device  130 . In some instances, the streaming monitor  105  operating as the client device is configured to obtain the media information from the Group Owner of the Wi-Fi Direct network  190 . For example, the streaming monitor  105  may obtain the bandwidth of the connection between the media device  130  and the media device  140  from the media device  130 . 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  1   , the media device  135  is a client device (e.g., a laptop, a personal computer, etc.) of the Wi-Fi Direct network  190 . The example media device  135  may be responsible for transmitting device identification information such as, for example, the device identification information, the device manufacturer information, the device type information, the device operating system, the device MAC address, etc. to the Group Owner of the example Wi-Fi Direct network  190 . For example, the media device  135  may transmit to the media device  130  that the media device  135  is an Apple® MacBook® running macOS™ Sierra. In some examples, the media device  135  streams a first media to the media device  140  instead of the media device  130  streaming a second media to the media device  140 . 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  1   , the media device  140  is a client device of the Wi-Fi Direct network  190 . The example media device  140  is also a media presentation device (e.g., a television) that is capable of presenting the media streamed from the example media devices  130 , 135 . The example media device  140  may be responsible for transmitting media device information such as, for example, the device identification information, the device manufacturer information, the device type information, the device operating system, the device MAC address, etc. to the Group Owner of the example Wi-Fi Direct network  190 . For example, the media device  140  may transmit to the media device  130  that the media device  140  is a Samsung® smart television. 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  1   , the streaming monitor  105  is configured to process the obtained media information and/or the media device information and generate one or more messages. A message may be, for example, a data packet or a collection of data packets that include the obtained media information and/or the obtained media device information. For example, the message may include the media information regarding the data flow within the Wi-Fi Direct network  185  and the Wi-Fi Direct network  190 . For example, the message may include a bandwidth of streaming media, a source identification of the streaming media (e.g., a YouTube® uniform resource locator, etc.), the quality information of the streaming media (e.g., the streaming media is a 1080p video, etc.), the tag information of the streaming media (e.g., the geotag, etc.). 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  1   , the streaming monitor  105  transmits the message(s) generated from the obtained information to the central facility  155  via the network  150 . The example streaming monitor  105  may generate the message(s) from the obtained information, where the obtained information is from the example Wi-Fi Direct network  185 , the example Wi-Fi Direct network  190 , and/or a combination thereof. In some examples, the streaming monitor  105  transmits the message(s) as they are generated. In some instances, the streaming monitor  105  transmits the message(s) after a time period. For example, the streaming monitor  105  may transmit the message(s) every 100 milliseconds, every hour, every day, etc. The example streaming monitor  105  may generate a log of the message(s) and transmit the log to the central facility  155  in lieu of the message(s) themselves. 
     In some examples, the streaming monitor  105  processes the obtained media information and/or the media device information prior to transmitting the message(s) to the central facility  155 . For example, the streaming monitor  105  may associate the obtained media information with the obtained media device information. The example streaming monitor  105  may credit the example media devices  115 , 120 , 125 , 130 , 135 , 140  as having streamed and/or presented the media. For example, the streaming monitor  105  may credit the media device  115  as having streamed the media. In some examples, the streaming monitor  105  credits media identification information to the media devices  115 , 120 , 125 , 130 , 135 , 140 . For example, the streaming monitor  105  may credit the media device  115  with streaming a YouTube® video. The example streaming monitor  105  may also credit the example media device  125  with presenting the YouTube® video. 
     In some instances, the streaming monitor  105  performs an analysis on the processed information based on the obtained information. The example streaming monitor  105  may determine media device usage statistics based on the obtained information from the example media devices  115 , 120 , 125 , 130 , 135 , 140 . For example, the streaming monitor  105  may determine that the media device  115  has streamed the most media at the media exposure measurement location  110 , that the media device  125  has presented the most media at the media exposure measurement location  110 , etc. The example streaming monitor  105  may also determine media device usage statistics based on the media device information. For example, the streaming monitor  105  may determine that Apple® products were used more than Google® products to stream and/or present the media. 
     The modem  145  of the illustrated example of  FIG.  1    is an electronic communications device that enables network communications of the media exposure measurement location  110  to reach the network  150 . Alternatively, the example modem  145  may enable point-to-point communications with the example central facility  155 . In some examples, the modem  145  is a digital subscriber line (DSL) modem, while in some other examples the modem  145  is a cable modem. In some examples, the modem  145  is a media converter that converts one communications medium (e.g., electrical communications, optical communications, wireless communications, etc.) into another type of communications medium. 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  1   , the streaming monitor  105  sends obtained and processed media information and/or media device information to the central facility  155  for analysis via the network  150 . The network  150  of the illustrated example of  FIG.  1    is the Internet. However, the example network  150  may be implemented using any suitable wired and/or wireless network(s) including, for example, one or more data buses, one or more Local Area Networks (LANs), one or more wireless LANs, one or more cellular networks, one or more private networks, one or more public networks, etc. The example network  150  enables the example streaming monitor  105  to be in communication with the example central facility  155 . As used herein, the phrase “in communication,” including variances therefore, encompasses direct communication and/or indirect communication through one or more intermediary components and does not require direct physical (e.g., wired) communication and/or constant communication, but rather includes selective communication at periodic or aperiodic intervals, as well as one-time messages. 
     The central facility  155  of the illustrated example is a server that obtains and processes media monitoring information from the streaming monitor  105  to generate exposure metrics related to presented media. The example central facility  155  analyzes the media monitoring information to identify, for example, which media presentation devices are the most owned, the most-frequently used, the least-frequently owned, the least-frequently used, the most/least-frequently used for particular type(s) and/or genre(s) of media, and/or any other media statistics or aggregate information that may be determined from the data. The media presentation device information may also be correlated or processed with factors such as geodemographic data (e.g., a geographic location of the media exposure measurement location, age(s) of the panelist(s) associated with the media exposure measurement location, an income level of a panelist, etc.). Media presentation device information may be useful to manufacturers and/or advertisers to determine which features should be improved, determine which features are popular among users, identify geodemographic trends with respect to media presentation devices, identify market opportunities, and/or otherwise evaluate their own and/or their competitors&#39; products. 
     In the illustrated example, the central facility  155  includes the network interface  160  to receive Internet messages (e.g., a HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) request(s)) that include the metering information. Additionally or alternatively, any other method(s) to receive metering information may be used such as, for example, an HTTP Secure protocol (HTTPS), a file transfer protocol (FTP), a secure file transfer protocol (SFTP), etc. 
     In some examples, the streaming monitor  105  is unable to transmit information to the central facility  155  via the modem  145 . For example, a server upstream of the modem  145  may not provide functional routing capabilities to the central facility  155 . In the illustrated example, the streaming monitor  105  includes additional capabilities to communicate to the central facility  155 . As shown in  FIG.  1   , the streaming monitor  105  includes the capabilities to send information through the wireless communication system  165  (e.g., the cellular communication system) via the wireless communication link  170 . 
     The wireless communication link  170  of the illustrated example is a cellular communication link. However, any other method and/or system of communication may additionally or alternatively be used such as, for example, an Ethernet connection, a Bluetooth connection, a Wi-Fi connection, etc. Further, the wireless communication link  170  of  FIG.  1    implements a cellular connection via a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). However, any other systems and/or protocols for communications may be used such as, for example, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE), etc. 
       FIG.  2    is a block diagram of an example implementation of the example streaming monitor  105  of  FIG.  1   . The example streaming monitor  105  of  FIG.  2    includes an example Group Owner mode communicator  200 , an example client device mode communicator  210 , an example peer-to-peer (P2P) administrator  220 , an example media presenter  230 , an example information processor  240 , an example message generator  250 , an example data store  260 , and an example network communicator  270 . 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  2   , the streaming monitor  105  includes the Group Owner mode communicator  200  to communicate with one or more client devices connected to the streaming monitor  105  in a Wi-Fi Direct network, where the streaming monitor  105  operates as a Group Owner. In the illustrated example, the Group Owner mode communicator  200  obtains and/or transmits information to the one or more client devices of the Wi-Fi Direct network. In some examples, the Group Owner mode communicator  200  obtains media device information. For example, the Group Owner mode communicator  200  may obtain device identification information, device manufacturer information, device type information, device operating system information, a device media access control (MAC) address, etc. of the one or more client devices of the Wi-Fi Direct network. 
     In some instances, the Group Owner mode communicator  200  obtains media information. For example, the Group Owner mode communicator  200  may obtain information corresponding to media received from one or more client devices. For example, the Group Owner mode communicator  200  may obtain quality information of the media, source identification of the media, a type identification of the media, and a bandwidth of the streaming media. 
     In some examples, the Group Owner mode communicator  200  transmits information to the one or more client devices connected to the streaming monitor  105  in the Wi-Fi Direct network. In some examples, the Group Owner mode communicator  200  transmits media device information. In some instances, the Group Owner mode communicator  200  transmits media. For example, the Group Owner mode communicator  200  may transmit the media received from a first client device to a second client device. In some examples, the Group Owner mode communicator  200  transmits P2P administrator information (e.g., a Wi-Fi Direct data packet). For example, the Group Owner mode communicator  200  may transmit a Group Owner negotiation packet, a Group Owner negotiation response packet, a Group Owner confirmation packet, etc. In another example, the Group Owner mode communicator  200  may transmit a beacon to the one or more client devices that may not already be connected to the Wi-Fi Direct network. 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  2   , the streaming monitor  105  includes the client device mode communicator  210  to communicate with a Group Owner of a Wi-Fi Direct network where the streaming monitor  105  operates as a client device. In the illustrated example, the client device mode communicator  210  obtains and/or transmits information to the Group Owner of the Wi-Fi Direct network. In some examples, the client device mode communicator  210  obtains media device information corresponding to the Group Owner and/or the one or more client devices connected to the Group Owner of the Wi-Fi Direct network. For example, the client device mode communicator  210  may obtain device identification information, device manufacturer information, device type information, device operating system information, a device media access control (MAC) address, etc. of the Group Owner and/or the one or more client devices connected to the Group Owner of the Wi-Fi Direct network. In some instances, the client device mode communicator  210  transmits information to the Group Owner of the Wi-Fi Direct network. For example, the client device mode communicator  210  may transmit media device information to the Group Owner of the Wi-Fi Direct network. 
     In some examples, the client device mode communicator  210  transmits P2P administrator information (e.g., a Wi-Fi Direct data packet). For example, the client device mode communicator  210  may transmit a Group Owner negotiation packet, a Group Owner negotiation response packet, a Group Owner confirmation packet, etc. In another example, the Group Owner mode communicator  200  may transmit a beacon response to a Group Owner of a Wi-Fi Direct network. 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  2   , the streaming monitor  105  includes the P2P administrator  220  to administer and/or operate a Wi-Fi Direct network. In some examples, the P2P administrator  220  administers the Wi-Fi Direct network by forming or disbanding the Wi-Fi Direct network, configuring an operation mode of one or more devices to operate as a client device, adding additional client devices to the Wi-Fi Direct network etc. For example, the P2P administrator  220  may form the Wi-Fi Direct network where the streaming monitor  105  operates as the Group Owner. In another example, the P2P administrator  220  may join the Wi-Fi Direct network where the streaming monitor  105  operates as the client device. In some instances, the P2P administrator  220  operates the Wi-Fi Direct network by instructing the Group Owner mode communicator  200  to obtain and/or transmit media device information, media information, etc. In some examples, the P2P administrator  220  operates the Wi-Fi Direct network by instructing the client device mode communicator  210  to obtain and/or transmit media device information. 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  2   , the streaming monitor  105  includes the media presenter  230  to present media to a media presentation device. In some examples, the media presenter  230  presents the media to the media presentation device via a wireless connection. In some instances, the media presenter  230  presents the media received from a first client device to a second client device. For example, the media presenter  230  may obtain the media from the media device  115  of  FIG.  1    and present the media to the media device  125  of  FIG.  1   . In some instances, the media presenter  230  receives media from more than one client device. For example, the media presenter  230  may receive a first media from the media device  115  and a second media from the media device  120 . The media presenter  230  may determine which media to present. For example, the media presenter  230  may determine to present the second media to the media device  125 . The media presenter  230  may determine which media to present based on a priority list stored in the streaming monitor  105 , where the priority list is modifiable by a user (e.g., a panelist). For example, the user may modify a priority list for the Wi-Fi Direct network  185 , where the user modifies the priority list to reflect that the media device  115  has priority over media device  120 . In some instances, the media presenter  230  determines the media to present based on an order of received media. For example, the media presenter  230  may determine to stream the first media to the media device  125  because the media presenter  230  received the first media prior to the second media. The media presenter  230  may stream the second media when the streaming of the first media has been completed. 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  2   , the streaming monitor  105  includes the information processor  240  to process information obtained by the streaming monitor  105 . In some examples, the information processor  240  extracts media device information from the obtained information. For example, the information processor  240  may extract device identification information, device manufacturer information, device type information, device operating system information, a device media access control (MAC) address, etc. from the obtained information. In some examples, the information processor  240  processes obtained media. The information processor  240  may process the obtained media by inspecting media metadata, inspecting a uniform resource locator (URL) associated with the media, etc. For example, the information processor  240  may extract media information such as quality information of the media, source identification of the media, a type identification of the media, and a bandwidth of the streaming media (e.g., a bandwidth of data transfer). 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  2   , the streaming monitor  105  includes the message generator  250  to generate a message based on information obtained by the streaming monitor  105 . In some examples, the message generator  250  generates a message that includes a timestamp (e.g., a time at which a message is generated), media device information, media information, etc. The message generator  250  may generate the message periodically and/or a-periodically. For example, the message generator  250  may generate the message at a periodic interval (e.g., every 100 milliseconds). In another example, the message generator  250  may generate the message upon receipt of information. For example, the message generator  250  may generate the message when the streaming monitor  105  obtains media device information, media information, etc. 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  2   , the streaming monitor  105  includes the data store  260  to record data (e.g., obtained information, generated messages, etc.). The data store  260  may be implemented by a volatile memory (e.g., a Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), RAIVIBUS Dynamic Random Access Memory (RDRAM), etc.) and/or a non-volatile memory (e.g., flash memory). The data store  260  may additionally or alternatively be implemented by one or more double data rate (DDR) memories, such as DDR, DDR2, DDR3, mobile DDR (mDDR), etc. The data store  260  may additionally or alternatively be implemented by one or more mass storage devices such as hard disk drive(s), compact disk drive(s) digital versatile disk drive(s), etc. While in the illustrated example the data store  260  is illustrated as a single database, the data store  260  may be implemented by any number and/or type(s) of databases. Furthermore, the data stored in the data store  660  may be in any data format such as, for example, binary data, comma delimited data, tab delimited data, structured query language (SQL) structures, etc. 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  2   , the streaming monitor  105  includes the network communicator  270  to transmit network communications data (e.g., generated messages) stored in the data store  260 . The network communicator  270  of the illustrated example periodically and/or a-periodically transmits data from the data store  260  to the central facility  155  of  FIG.  1   . The network communicator  270  may transmit the data upon determining that the amount of data stored in the data store  260  has reached a threshold, and/or in response to a timer reaching a threshold (e.g., a time limit specifying that network communications are transmitted once every day). However, the transmission may occur at any desired interval(s) such as, for example, transmitting once every hour, once every week, etc. In examples in which the transmission is triggered based on an amount of data stored in the data store  260 , the transmission threshold might indicate that data should be transmitted if there is more than a predetermined amount (e.g., one megabyte) of data stored in the data store  260 . Any data storage amount may be used for such a trigger such as, for example, ten megabytes, one hundred megabytes, etc. Additionally or alternatively, multiple transmission thresholds may be present. For example, a threshold indicating that data should be transmitted at least once a day and a threshold indicating that network communications data should be transmitted if more than one megabyte of network communications data is stored in the data store  260  might be used. 
     In the illustrated example, the network communicator  270  transmits the data via the network  150  of  FIG.  1   . However, the network communicator  270  may transmit data via any other communication medium. For example, the streaming monitor  105  may be physically mailed to the central facility  155  and the network communicator  270  might transmit data via, for example, a USB connection, a Bluetooth connection, a serial connection, a local area network (LAN), etc. 
     While an example manner of implementing the example streaming monitor  105  of  FIG.  1    is illustrated in  FIG.  2   , one or more of the elements, processes and/or devices illustrated in  FIG.  2    may be combined, divided, re-arranged, omitted, eliminated and/or implemented in any other way. Further, the example Group Owner mode communicator  200 , the example client device mode communicator  210 , the example P2P administrator  220 , the example media presenter  230 , the example information extractor  240 , the example message generator  250 , the example data store  260 , the example network communicator  270  and/or, more generally, the example streaming monitor  105  of  FIGS.  1  and/or  2    may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware and/or any combination of hardware, software and/or firmware. Thus, for example, any of the example Group Owner mode communicator  200 , the example client device mode communicator  210 , the example P2P administrator  220 , the example media presenter  230 , the example information extractor  240 , the example message generator  250 , the example data store  260 , the example network communicator  270  and/or, more generally, the example streaming monitor  105  of  FIGS.  1  and/or  2    could be implemented by one or more analog or digital circuit(s), logic circuits, programmable processor(s), application specific integrated circuit(s) (ASIC(s)), programmable logic device(s) (PLD(s)) and/or field programmable logic device(s) (FPLD(s)). When reading any of the apparatus or system claims of this patent to cover a purely software and/or firmware implementation, at least one of the example Group Owner mode communicator  200 , the example client device mode communicator  210 , the example P2P administrator  220 , the example media presenter  230 , the example information extractor  240 , the example message generator  250 , the example data store  260 , and/or the example network communicator  270  is/are hereby expressly defined to include a tangible computer readable storage device or storage disk such as a memory, a digital versatile disk (DVD), a compact disk (CD), a Blu-ray disk, etc. storing the software and/or firmware. Further still, the example streaming monitor  105  of  FIGS.  1  and/or  2    may include one or more elements, processes and/or devices in addition to, or instead of, those illustrated in  FIG.  2   , and/or may include more than one of any or all of the illustrated elements, processes and devices. 
       FIG.  3    is a block diagram of an example implementation of the example central facility  155  of  FIG.  1   . The example central facility  155  of the illustrated example of  FIG.  3    includes the example network interface  160 , an example message extractor  310 , an example media device identifier  320 , an example media identifier  330 , an example media creditor  340 , an example media monitoring database  350 , and an example reporter  360 . 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  3   , the central facility  155  includes the network interface  160  to obtain information from and/or transmit information to the network  150  of  FIG.  1   . In the illustrated example, the example network interface  160  implements a web server that receives monitoring information from the example streaming monitor  105 . In the illustrated example, the monitoring information is formatted as an HTTP message. However, any other message format and/or protocol may additionally or alternatively be used such as, for example, a file transfer protocol (FTP), a simple message transfer protocol (SMTP), an HTTP secure (HTTPS) protocol, etc. 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  3   , the central facility  155  includes the message extractor  310  to extract message information from the obtained network communication. In some examples, the message extractor  310  extracts media device information, media information, etc. from the message information. The message extractor  310  may extract individual messages from the message information. The message extractor  310  may also organize the extracted information into categories. For example, the message extractor  310  may assign device type information to a device type category. In another example, the message extractor  310  may assign the source identification of the media in a media source category. 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  3   , the central facility  155  includes the media device identifier  320  to identify a media device based on extracted message information. In some examples, the media device identifier  320  identifies the media device based on the media device information. For example, the media device identifier  320  may inspect the device identification information, the device manufacturer information, the device type information, the device operating system information, the device MAC address information, etc. However, any other technique for identifying the media device may additionally or alternatively be used. 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  3   , the central facility  155  includes the media identifier  330  to identify media from extracted message information. In some examples, the media identifier  330  identifies the media from the extracted message information based on the media information. For example, the media identifier  330  may inspect the extracted media information for media metadata, a uniform resource locator (URL) associated with the media, etc. However, any other technique for identifying the media may additionally or alternatively be used. 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  3   , the central facility  155  includes the media creditor  340  to credit media based on the obtained information. In some examples, the media creditor  340  credits the media based on the media device information. For example, the media creditor  340  may credit the media with device identification information (e.g., a device name, a device ID, etc.), device manufacturer information (e.g., Apple®, Google®, Samsung®, etc.), device type information (e.g., Apple® iPhone® 7, Google® Pixel, etc.), device operating system information (e.g., Apple® iOS, Google® Android®, etc.), and/or a device media access control (MAC) address. In some instances, the media creditor  340  credits the media with information corresponding to a streaming device and a media presentation device. For example, the media creditor  340  may credit the media with an iPhone streaming the media to a Samsung television. 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  3   , the central facility  155  includes the media monitoring database  350  to record data (e.g., media identification information, media crediting information, etc.). In the illustrated example, the example media monitoring database  350  stores media identification information (e.g., media metadata, a uniform resource locator, etc.) used to identify media. In some examples, the media monitoring database  350  additionally stores user identifying information and/or demographics such that received device identification information and/or media information can be translated into demographic information. The media monitoring database  350  may be implemented by a volatile memory (e.g., a Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), RAIVIBUS Dynamic Random Access Memory (RDRAM), etc.) and/or a non-volatile memory (e.g., flash memory). The media monitoring database  350  may additionally or alternatively be implemented by one or more double data rate (DDR) memories, such as DDR, DDR2, DDR3, mobile DDR (mDDR), etc. The media monitoring database  350  may additionally or alternatively be implemented by one or more mass storage devices such as hard disk drive(s), compact disk drive(s) digital versatile disk drive(s), etc. While in the illustrated example media monitoring database  350  is illustrated as a single database, the media monitoring database  350  may be implemented by any number and/or type(s) of databases. Furthermore, the data stored in the media monitoring database  350  may be in any data format such as, for example, binary data, comma delimited data, tab delimited data, structured query language (SQL) structures, etc. 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  3   , the central facility  155  includes the media monitoring database  350  for storing data such as, for example, flash memory, magnetic media, optical media, etc. Furthermore, the data stored in the media monitoring database  730  may be in any data format such as, for example, binary data, comma delimited data, tab delimited data, structured query language (SQL) structures, etc. In the illustrated example, the example media monitoring database  730  stores metadata (e.g., codes, signatures, etc.) used to identify media. In some examples, the media monitoring database  730  additionally stores user identifying information and/or demographics such that received user identifiers can be translated into demographic information. 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  3   , the central facility  155  includes the reporter  360  to generate and/or prepare reports. The reporter  360  prepares media measurement reports indicative of the exposure of media on media devices. In some examples, the reporter  360  generates a report identifying demographics associated with the media via the received monitoring information. For example, a panelist at the media exposure measurement location  110  may have provided the panelist&#39;s demographics to the audience measurement entity. The reporter  360  may prepare a report associating the obtained panelist demographics with the exposed media. In some instances, the reporter  360  generates a report identifying demographics associated with the media devices via the received monitoring information. For example, the reporter  360  may prepare a report associating the obtained panelist demographics with the media device information. For example, the reporter  360  may associate the demographics of a panelist with a media device (e.g., an Apple® iPhone®) of the panelist. 
     While an example manner of implementing the example central facility  155  of  FIG.  1    is illustrated in  FIG.  3   , one or more of the elements, processes and/or devices illustrated in  FIG.  3    may be combined, divided, re-arranged, omitted, eliminated, and/or implemented in any other way. Further, the example network interface  160 , the example message extractor  310 , the example media device identifier  320 , the example media identifier  330 , the example media creditor  340 , the example media monitoring database  350 , the example reporter  360 , and/or more generally, the example central facility  155  of  FIGS.  1  and/or  3    may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware and/or any combination of hardware, software and/or firmware. Thus, for example, any of the example network interface  160 , the example message extractor  310 , the example media device identifier  320 , the example media identifier  330 , the example media creditor  340 , the example media monitoring database  350 , the example reporter  360 , and/or more generally, the example central facility  155  of  FIGS.  1  and/or  3    could be implemented by one or more analog or digital circuit(s), logic circuits, programmable processor(s), application specific integrated circuit(s) (ASIC(s)), programmable logic device(s) (PLD(s)) and/or field programmable logic device(s) (FPLD(s)). When reading any of the apparatus or system claims of this patent to cover a purely software and/or firmware implementation, at least one of the example network interface  160 , the example message extractor  310 , the example media device identifier  320 , the example media identifier  330 , the example media creditor  340 , the example media monitoring database  350 , and/or the example reporter  360  is/are hereby expressly defined to include a tangible computer readable storage device or storage disk such as a memory, a digital versatile disk (DVD), a compact disk (CD), a Blu-ray disk, etc. storing the software and/or firmware. Further still, the example central facility  155  of  FIGS.  1  and/or  3    may include one or more elements, processes and/or devices in addition to, or instead of, those illustrated in  FIG.  3   , and/or may include more than one of any or all of the illustrated elements, processes, and devices. 
     Flowcharts and data diagrams representative of example machine readable instructions for implementing the example streaming monitor  105  of  FIGS.  1  and/or  2    are shown in  FIGS.  4 - 6   . In these examples, the machine-readable instructions comprise a program for execution by a processor such as the processor  812  shown in the example processor platform  800  discussed below in connection with  FIG.  8   . The program may be embodied in software stored on a tangible computer readable storage medium such as a CD-ROM, a floppy disk, a hard drive, a digital versatile disk (DVD), a Blu-ray disk, or a memory associated with the processor  812 , but the entire program and/or parts thereof could alternatively be executed by a device other than the processor  812  and/or embodied in firmware or dedicated hardware. Further, although the example program is described with reference to the flowcharts and/or data diagram illustrated in  FIGS.  4 - 6   , many other methods of implementing the example streaming monitor  105  may alternatively be used. For example, the order of execution of the blocks may be changed, and/or some of the blocks described may be changed, eliminated, or combined. 
     As mentioned above, the example processes of  FIGS.  4 - 6    may be implemented using coded instructions (e.g., computer and/or machine readable instructions) stored on a tangible computer readable storage medium such as a hard disk drive, a flash memory, a read-only memory (ROM), a compact disk (CD), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a cache, a random-access memory (RAM) and/or any other storage device or storage disk in which information is stored for any duration (e.g., for extended time periods, permanently, for brief instances, for temporarily buffering, and/or for caching of the information). As used herein, the term tangible computer readable storage medium is expressly defined to include any type of computer readable storage device and/or storage disk and to exclude propagating signals and to exclude transmission media. As used herein, “tangible computer readable storage medium” and “tangible machine readable storage medium” are used interchangeably. Additionally or alternatively, the example processes of  FIGS.  4 - 6    may be implemented using coded instructions (e.g., computer and/or machine readable instructions) stored on a non-transitory computer and/or machine readable medium such as a hard disk drive, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a cache, a random-access memory and/or any other storage device or storage disk in which information is stored for any duration (e.g., for extended time periods, permanently, for brief instances, for temporarily buffering, and/or for caching of the information). As used herein, the term non-transitory computer readable medium is expressly defined to include any type of computer readable storage device and/or storage disk and to exclude propagating signals and to exclude transmission media. As used herein, when the phrase “at least” is used as the transition term in a preamble of a claim, it is open-ended in the same manner as the term “comprising” is open ended. Comprising and all other variants of “comprise” are expressly defined to be open-ended terms. Including and all other variants of “include” are also defined to be open-ended terms. In contrast, the term consisting and/or other forms of consist are defined to be close-ended terms. 
       FIG.  4    is a flowchart representative of example machine-readable instructions which may be executed to implement the streaming monitor  105  of  FIGS.  1  and/or  2    to operate as a Group Owner of a Wi-Fi Direct network. The example program  400  of  FIG.  4    begins at block  402  when a streaming monitor  105  forms a Wi-Fi Direct network as a Group Owner. For example, the P2P administrator  220  may cause the streaming monitor  105  to form a Wi-Fi Direct network with the media device  115  of  FIG.  1   , where the streaming monitor  105  operates as a Group Owner. At block  404 , the streaming monitor  105  obtains and processes media device information. For example, the Group Owner mode communicator  200  may obtain the media device identification from a media device. The information processor  240  may process the media device identification from the media device. At block  406 , the streaming monitor  105  connects to additional client devices. For example, the P2P administrator  220  may connect to the media devices  120 , 125  of  FIG.  1   . At block  408 , the streaming monitor  105  obtains and processes media device information. For example, the Group Owner mode communicator  200  may obtain the media device identification information from the media devices  120 , 125 . The information processor  240  may process the media device identification from the media devices  120 , 125 . 
     At block  410 , the streaming monitor  105  receives media from a streaming client device. For example, the Group Owner mode communicator  200  may obtain media from the media device  115 . At block  412 , the streaming monitor  105  extracts media information from the processed media. For example, the information processor  240  may extract media information such as media identification information from the processed media. At block  414 , the streaming monitor  105  generates a message. For example, the message generator  250  may generate a message based on at least the device identification information and/or the media information. At block  416 , the streaming monitor  105  transmits the message to the central facility. For example, the network communicator  270  may transmit the message to the central facility  155 . At block  418 , the streaming monitor  105  streams the media to a media presentation device. For example, the media presenter  230  may stream the media to the media device  125  via the Group Owner mode communicator  200 . At block  420 , the streaming monitor  105  determines whether the media streaming ended. For example, the media presenter  230  may determine that the media device  115  is no longer streaming media to the media presenter  230 . If, at block  420 , the streaming monitor  105  determines that the media streaming did not end, control returns to block  410  to continue receiving the media from the streaming client device, otherwise the example program  400  concludes. 
       FIG.  5    is a data flow diagram  500  representative of example messages sent by the example streaming monitor  105  and/or the media devices  115 , 120 , 125  to form the Wi-Fi Direct network  185  of  FIG.  1   . The data flow diagram  500  begins when the example media device  115  broadcasts an example Wi-Fi probe request  502 . Alternatively, the example streaming monitor  105  may broadcast the example Wi-Fi probe request  502 . The example Wi-Fi probe request  502  may be broadcast utilizing a Wi-Fi radio of the streaming monitor  105  and/or the media device  115  to communicate with additional devices within range of the Wi-Fi radio. When the example streaming monitor  105  receives the example Wi-Fi probe request  502  from the example media device  115 , the streaming monitor  105  transmits an example Wi-Fi probe response  504  to the media device  115 . When the example media device  115  receives the example Wi-Fi probe response  504 , the example media device  115  transmits an example Group Owner negotiation request  506  to the example streaming monitor  105 . The example Group Owner negotiation request  506  includes a Group Owner intent attribute value. For example, the Group Owner negotiation request  506  may include a Group Owner intent attribute value of 5 for the media device  115 . In response to the example streaming monitor  105  receiving the example Group Owner negotiation request  506 , the streaming monitor  105  transmits an example Group Owner negotiation response  508  to the example media device  115 . The example Group Owner negotiation response  508  includes a Group Owner intent attribute value for the example streaming monitor  105 . For example, the Group Owner negotiation response  508  may include a Group Owner intent attribute value of 10 for the streaming monitor  105 . 
     If the value for the Group Owner intent attribute for the example streaming monitor  105  is a greater value than the value for the Group Owner intent attribute for the example media device  115 , then the streaming monitor  105  determines that the streaming monitor  105  is the Group Owner for the example Wi-Fi Direct network  185 . For example, the streaming monitor  105  may determine that the streaming monitor  105  is the Group Owner of the Wi-Fi Direct network  185  based on having the value of 10 for the Group Owner intent attribute, which is a greater value than the value of 5 for the Group Owner intent attribute for the media device  115 . Alternatively, if the value for the Group Owner intent attribute for the example streaming monitor  105  is a lesser value than the value for the Group Owner intent attribute for the example media device  115 , then the streaming monitor  105  determines that the media device  115  is the Group Owner for the example Wi-Fi Direct network  185 . If the values for the Group Owner intent attribute for the example streaming monitor  105  and the example media device  115  are the same, then the streaming monitor  105  determines whether the streaming monitor  105  is the Group Owner of the example Wi-Fi Direct network  185  based on a tie-breaker. The tie-breaker is based on a comparison of a value for a tie-breaker Group Owner intent attribute included in the example Group Owner negotiation request  506  and a value for a tie-breaker Group Owner intent attribute included in the example Group owner negotiation response  508 . For example, when the values for the Group Owner intent attribute for the streaming monitor  105  and the media device  115  are the same, the streaming monitor  105  may determine that the streaming monitor  105  is the Group Owner for the Wi-Fi Direct network  185  when the value for the tie-breaker Group Owner intent attribute in the streaming monitor  105  and/or included in the Group Owner negotiation response  508  is a greater value than the value for the tie-breaker Group Owner intent attribute included in the media device  115  and/or included in the Group Owner negotiation request  506 . In some examples, the value for the tie-breaker Group Owner intent attribute for the media device  115  is randomly generated upon creation of the Group Owner negotiation request  506  by the media device  115 . In some instances, the value for the tie-breaker Group Owner intent attribute for the streaming monitor  105  is randomly generated upon creation of the Group Owner negotiation response  508  by the streaming monitor  105 . 
     When the example media device  115  receives the example Group Owner negotiation response  508 , the media device  115  transmits an example Group Owner negotiation confirmation  510  to the example streaming monitor  105 . The example Group Owner negotiation confirmation  510  may include a confirmation that the example media device  115  confirms to operate as a client device of the example Wi-Fi Direct network  185 . In response to the example streaming monitor  105  receiving the example Group Owner negotiation confirmation  510 , the streaming monitor  105  and the example media device  115  exchange one or more example Wi-Fi Direct network formation  512  messages. For example, the streaming monitor  105  may exchange one or more heartbeat data packets with the media device  115  to form the Wi-Fi Direct network  185  with the media device  115 . 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  5   , when the streaming monitor  105  determines that the streaming monitor  105  is the Group Owner of the Wi-Fi Direct network  185 , the streaming monitor  105  broadcasts beacon  514  within range of the Wi-Fi Direct network  185 . The example streaming monitor  105  may broadcast the example beacon  514  to determine whether there are additional client devices within the range of the example Wi-Fi Direct network  185 . In the illustrated example, the media device  120  receives the beacon  514 . In response to receiving the example beacon  514 , the example media device  120  sends an example beacon response  516  to the example streaming monitor  105 . When the example streaming monitor  105  receives the example beacon response  516 , the streaming monitor  105  and the example media device  120  exchange one or more add media device to Wi-Fi Direct network  518  messages. For example, the streaming monitor  105  may exchange one or more heartbeat data packets with the media device  120  to add the media device  120  to the Wi-Fi Direct network  185 . 
     In response to adding the example media device  120  to the example Wi-Fi Direct network  185 , the example streaming monitor  105  broadcasts an example additional beacon  520  within the range of the Wi-Fi Direct network  185 . The example streaming monitor  105  may broadcast the additional beacon  520  to determine whether there are additional client devices within the range of the example Wi-Fi Direct network  185 . Subsequent client devices such as the example media device  125  may be added to the example Wi-Fi Direct network  185  in a similar manner as described above, which may include an example additional beacon response  522  and an add additional media device to Wi-Fi Direct network  524  message. 
       FIG.  6    is a flowchart representative of example machine-readable instructions which may be executed by the processor  812  of  FIG.  8    to implement the streaming monitor  105  of  FIGS.  1  and/or  2    to operate as a client device of a Wi-Fi Direct network. The example program  600  of  FIG.  6    begins at block  602  when the streaming monitor  105  joins a Wi-Fi Direct network as a client device. For example, the P2P administrator  220  may cause the streaming monitor  105  to join the Wi-Fi Direct network  190  as a client device, where the media device  130  is the Group Owner of the Wi-Fi Direct network  190 . At block  604 , the streaming monitor  105  obtains client device information. For example, the client device mode communicator may obtain media device information from the Group Owner of the Wi-Fi Direct network  190 , where the Group Owner is the media device  130 . The media device information may include media device information for the media devices  130 , 135 , 140 . The information processor  240  may extract media device information from the client device information such as device identification information, device manufacturer information, etc. of the media devices  130 , 135 , 140 . 
     At block  606 , the streaming monitor  105  obtains Wi-Fi Direct network information. For example, the client device mode communicator  210  may obtain Wi-Fi Direct network information from the Group Owner of the Wi-Fi Direct network  190 , where the Group Owner is the media device  130 . The information processor  240  may extract media information from the Wi-Fi Direct network information such as a bandwidth or a data rate of one or more streaming activities (e.g., a streaming data rate between the media device  130  and the media device  140 ). 
     At block  608 , the streaming monitor generates a message. For example, the message generator  250  may generate a message that includes the extracted media device information, the media information, etc. At block  610 , the streaming monitor  105  transmits the message to a central facility. For example, the network communicator  270  may transmit the message to the central facility  155 . At block  612 , the streaming monitor  105  determines whether the Wi-Fi Direct network is operational. For example, the P2P administrator  220  may determine whether the Wi-Fi Direct network  190  is functional and/or operational. If, at block  612 , the streaming monitor  105  determines that the Wi-Fi Direct network is operational, control returns to block  604  to obtain additional Wi-Fi Direct network information, otherwise the example program  600  concludes. 
     A flowchart representative of example machine readable instructions for implementing the example central facility  155  of  FIGS.  1  and/or  3    are shown in  FIG.  7   . In this example, the machine-readable instructions comprise a program for execution by a processor such as the processor  912  shown in the example processor platform  900  discussed below in connection with  FIG.  9   . The program may be embodied in software stored on a tangible computer readable storage medium such as a CD-ROM, a floppy disk, a hard drive, a digital versatile disk (DVD), a Blu-ray disk, or a memory associated with the processor  912 , but the entire program and/or parts thereof could alternatively be executed by a device other than the processor  912  and/or embodied in firmware or dedicated hardware. Further, although the example program is described with reference to the flowchart illustrated in  FIG.  7   , many other methods of implementing the example central facility  155  may alternatively be used. For example, the order of execution of the blocks may be changed, and/or some of the blocks described may be changed, eliminated, or combined. 
     As mentioned above, the example process of  FIG.  7    may be implemented using coded instructions (e.g., computer and/or machine readable instructions) stored on a tangible computer readable storage medium such as a hard disk drive, a flash memory, a read-only memory (ROM), a compact disk (CD), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a cache, a random-access memory (RAM) and/or any other storage device or storage disk in which information is stored for any duration (e.g., for extended time periods, permanently, for brief instances, for temporarily buffering, and/or for caching of the information). As used herein, the term tangible computer readable storage medium is expressly defined to include any type of computer readable storage device and/or storage disk and to exclude propagating signals and to exclude transmission media. As used herein, “tangible computer readable storage medium” and “tangible machine readable storage medium” are used interchangeably. Additionally or alternatively, the example process of  FIG.  7    may be implemented using coded instructions (e.g., computer and/or machine readable instructions) stored on a non-transitory computer and/or machine readable medium such as a hard disk drive, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a cache, a random-access memory and/or any other storage device or storage disk in which information is stored for any duration (e.g., for extended time periods, permanently, for brief instances, for temporarily buffering, and/or for caching of the information). As used herein, the term non-transitory computer readable medium is expressly defined to include any type of computer readable storage device and/or storage disk and to exclude propagating signals and to exclude transmission media. As used herein, when the phrase “at least” is used as the transition term in a preamble of a claim, it is open-ended in the same manner as the term “comprising” is open ended. Comprising and all other variants of “comprise” are expressly defined to be open-ended terms. Including and all other variants of “include” are also defined to be open-ended terms. In contrast, the term consisting and/or other forms of consist are defined to be close-ended terms. 
       FIG.  7    is a flowchart representative of example machine-readable instructions which may be executed by the processor  912  of  FIG.  9    to implement the central facility  155  of  FIGS.  1  and/or  3    to credit media. The example program  700  of  FIG.  7    begins at block  702  when the central facility  155  obtains a network communication. For example, the network interface  160  may obtain a network communication via the network  150 . At block  704 , the central facility  155  extracts message information. For example, the message extractor  310  may extract a message from the network communication. At block  706 , the central facility  155  determines whether the message includes media device information. For example, the media device identifier  320  may determine whether the message includes media device information. If, at block  706 , the central facility  155  determines that the message does not include media device information, control proceeds to block  710  to determine whether the message includes media identification information. If, at block  706 , the central facility  155  determines that the message does include media device information, then, at block  708 , the central facility  155  stores the media device information. For example, the media device identifier  320  may store the media device information in the media monitoring database  350 . 
     At block  710 , the central facility  155  determines whether the message includes media identification information. For example, the media identifier  330  may determine whether the message includes media identification information. If, at block  710 , the central facility  155  determines that the message does not include media identification information then the example program  700  concludes. If, at block  710 , the central facility  155  determines that the message includes media identification information, then, at block  712 , the central facility  155  identifies the media. For example, the media identifier  330  may identify the media. The media identifier  330  may identify the media by inspecting media metadata, a uniform resource locator (URL) associated with the media, etc. 
     At block  714 , the central facility  155  credits the media to one or more media devices. For example, the media creditor  340  may credit the media to the media devices  115 , 120 , 125 , 130 , 135 , 140  of  FIG.  1   . For example, the media creditor  340  may credit the media as having been streamed by the media device  115  and/or presented by the media device  125 . In another example, the media creditor  340  may credit the media to corresponding media device information of the media devices  115 , 120 , 125 , 130 , 135 , 140 . For example, the media creditor  340  may credit the media as having been streamed by an Apple® iPhone® to a Samsung® smart television. At block  716 , the central facility  155  generates a report. For example, the reporter  360  may generate a report based on the crediting of the media to the media device information, the media identification information, etc. 
       FIG.  8    is a block diagram of an example processor platform  800  capable of executing the instructions and/or the data diagram of  FIGS.  4 - 6    to implement the example streaming monitor  105  of  FIGS.  1  and/or  2   . The processor platform  800  can be, for example, a server, a personal computer, a mobile device (e.g., a cell phone, a smart phone, a tablet such as an iPad™), a personal digital assistant (PDA), an Internet appliance, a DVD player, a CD player, a digital video recorder, a Blu-ray player, a gaming console, a personal video recorder, a set top box, or any other type of computing device. 
     The processor platform  800  of the illustrated example includes a processor  812 . The processor  812  of the illustrated example is hardware. For example, the processor  812  can be implemented by one or more integrated circuits, logic circuits, microprocessors or controllers from any desired family or manufacturer. 
     The processor  812  of the illustrated example includes a local memory  813  (e.g., a cache). The processor  812  of the illustrated example executes the instructions to implement the example streaming monitor  105  of  FIGS.  1  and/or  2   . The processor  812  of the illustrated example is in communication with a main memory including a volatile memory  814  and a non-volatile memory  816  via a bus  818 . The volatile memory  814  may be implemented by Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), RAMBUS Dynamic Random Access Memory (RDRAM) and/or any other type of random access memory device. The non-volatile memory  816  may be implemented by flash memory and/or any other desired type of memory device. Access to the main memory  814 , 816  is controlled by a memory controller. 
     The processor platform  800  of the illustrated example also includes an interface circuit  820 . The interface circuit  820  may be implemented by any type of interface standard, such as an Ethernet interface, a universal serial bus (USB), and/or a PCI express interface. 
     In the illustrated example, one or more input devices  822  are connected to the interface circuit  820 . The input device(s)  822  permit(s) a user to enter data and commands into the processor  812 . The input device(s) can be implemented by, for example, an audio sensor, a microphone, a camera (still or video), a keyboard, a button, a mouse, a touchscreen, a track-pad, a trackball, isopoint and/or a voice recognition system. 
     One or more output devices  824  are also connected to the interface circuit  820  of the illustrated example. The output devices  824  can be implemented, for example, by display devices (e.g., a light emitting diode (LED), an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a liquid crystal display, a cathode ray tube display (CRT), a touchscreen, a tactile output device, a printer and/or speakers). The interface circuit  820  of the illustrated example, thus, typically includes a graphics driver card, a graphics driver chip or a graphics driver processor. 
     The interface circuit  820  of the illustrated example also includes a communication device such as a transmitter, a receiver, a transceiver, a modem and/or network interface card to facilitate exchange of data with external machines (e.g., computing devices of any kind) via a network  826  (e.g., an Ethernet connection, a digital subscriber line (DSL), a telephone line, coaxial cable, a cellular telephone system, etc.). 
     The processor platform  800  of the illustrated example also includes one or more mass storage devices  828  for storing software and/or data. Examples of such mass storage devices  828  include floppy disk drives, hard drive disks, compact disk drives, Blu-ray disk drives, RAID systems, and digital versatile disk (DVD) drives. The example mass storage  828  implements the example data store  260 . 
     The coded instructions  832  of  FIGS.  4 - 6    may be stored in the mass storage device  828 , in the volatile memory  814 , in the non-volatile memory  816 , and/or on a removable tangible computer readable storage medium such as a CD or DVD. 
       FIG.  9    is a block diagram of an example processor platform  900  capable of executing the instructions of  FIG.  7    to implement the example central facility  155  of  FIGS.  1  and/or  3   . The processor platform  900  can be, for example, a server, a personal computer, a mobile device (e.g., a cell phone, a smart phone, a tablet such as an iPad′), a personal digital assistant (PDA), an Internet appliance, a DVD player, a CD player, a digital video recorder, a Blu-ray player, a gaming console, a personal video recorder, a set top box, or any other type of computing device. 
     The processor platform  900  of the illustrated example includes a processor  912 . The processor  912  of the illustrated example is hardware. For example, the processor  912  can be implemented by one or more integrated circuits, logic circuits, microprocessors or controllers from any desired family or manufacturer. 
     The processor  912  of the illustrated example includes a local memory  913  (e.g., a cache). The processor  912  of the illustrated example executes the instructions to implement the example central facility  155  of  FIGS.  1  and/or  3   . The processor  912  of the illustrated example is in communication with a main memory including a volatile memory  914  and a non-volatile memory  916  via a bus  918 . The volatile memory  914  may be implemented by Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), RAMBUS Dynamic Random Access Memory (RDRAM) and/or any other type of random access memory device. The non-volatile memory  816  may be implemented by flash memory and/or any other desired type of memory device. Access to the main memory  914 , 916  is controlled by a memory controller. 
     The processor platform  900  of the illustrated example also includes an interface circuit  920 . The interface circuit  920  may be implemented by any type of interface standard, such as an Ethernet interface, a universal serial bus (USB), and/or a PCI express interface. 
     In the illustrated example, one or more input devices  922  are connected to the interface circuit  920 . The input device(s)  922  permit(s) a user to enter data and commands into the processor  912 . The input device(s) can be implemented by, for example, an audio sensor, a microphone, a camera (still or video), a keyboard, a button, a mouse, a touchscreen, a track-pad, a trackball, isopoint and/or a voice recognition system. 
     One or more output devices  924  are also connected to the interface circuit  920  of the illustrated example. The output devices  924  can be implemented, for example, by display devices (e.g., a light emitting diode (LED), an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a liquid crystal display, a cathode ray tube display (CRT), a touchscreen, a tactile output device, a printer and/or speakers). The interface circuit  920  of the illustrated example, thus, typically includes a graphics driver card, a graphics driver chip or a graphics driver processor. 
     The interface circuit  920  of the illustrated example also includes a communication device such as a transmitter, a receiver, a transceiver, a modem and/or network interface card to facilitate exchange of data with external machines (e.g., computing devices of any kind) via a network  926  (e.g., an Ethernet connection, a digital subscriber line (DSL), a telephone line, coaxial cable, a cellular telephone system, etc.). 
     The processor platform  900  of the illustrated example also includes one or more mass storage devices  928  for storing software and/or data. Examples of such mass storage devices  928  include floppy disk drives, hard drive disks, compact disk drives, Blu-ray disk drives, RAID systems, and digital versatile disk (DVD) drives. The example mass storage  928  implements the example media monitoring database  350 . 
     The coded instructions  932  of  FIG.  7    may be stored in the mass storage device  928 , in the volatile memory  914 , in the non-volatile memory  916 , and/or on a removable tangible computer readable storage medium such as a CD or DVD. 
     From the foregoing, it will appreciate that the above disclosed methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture enable monitoring of media (e.g., streaming media) of a Wi-Fi Direct network. 
     As disclosed herein, example methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture may be used to credit presentation of media to a media device based on obtained media device information and/or media information. Crediting the media device using the media device information and/or the media information enables more accurate identification of the presented media and more accurate identification of the media devices used to stream the media or, present the media. Moreover, such crediting improves processing capabilities for existing crediting systems. For example, whereas a media device may not be credited for the presented media, in examples disclosed herein, the media device may be credited for the presented media using the improved crediting capabilities. The improved crediting capabilities include crediting the media device with streaming activities beyond an initial accessing (e.g., downloading) of the media. Accurately crediting the media device using the enhanced crediting capabilities may result in fewer hardware components to implement the crediting system, thus resulting in reduced system complexity. 
     Although certain example methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture have been disclosed herein, the scope of coverage of this patent is not limited thereto. On the contrary, this patent covers all methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture fairly falling within the scope of the claims of this patent.