Patent Publication Number: US-9852569-B2

Title: Conveying money items

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §365 to International Patent Application No. PCT/G132014/050309 filed Feb. 4, 2014, entitled “CONVEYING MONEY ITEMS”. International Patent Application No. PCT/GB2014/050309 claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §365 and/or 35 U.S.C. §119(a) to United Kingdom Patent Application No. 1301900.5 filed Feb. 4, 2013, and United Kingdom Patent Application No. 1301902.1 filed Feb. 4, 2013, and which are incorporated herein by reference into the present disclosure as if fully set forth herein. 
     FIELD 
     This specification relates to conveying money items. Particularly, but not exclusively, the specification relates to singulating money items during conveyance, sensing characteristics of money items during conveyance and ejecting money items from a conveyor. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The characteristics of money items vary widely. For example, the dimensions and materials of money items such as coins and tokens differ significantly. The differences are present both within individual currencies and between different currencies. 
     The variations between different money items have presented a challenge to the money item conveying industry because it has been difficult to singulate and convey all world money items using a single conveyor. In particular, the large differences in size between the largest and smallest world coins and other money items have made it difficult to provide a conveying track which is capable of reliably separating and individually presenting all of the different money items for payout and other purposes. A solution which has been adopted previously is to provide interchangeable conveying tracks so that a suitably shaped and sized conveying track can be installed in or order to suit the specific money items which are to be conveyed. 
     An example of a prior art conveying track is illustrated in  FIG. 1 . The track members are large enough to accept and convey large world coins, but a consequence of their size is that each track member is also capable of conveying two small world coins without singulation. Therefore, if such small coins or other money items are fed onto the track members, a possible consequence is an unintended double-payout, or similar, which is undesirable. 
     Another issue which is relevant to money item conveyors, and particularly those which convey money items of different denominations and currencies, is the capability to validate or otherwise check the money items which are being conveyed on the conveyor. For example, it is desirable to check that the money items being conveyed on the conveyor are those which are expected or desired at the destination. 
     Incorporating suitable automatic money item sensing equipment into a conveying system has been problematic because of the small space envelopes which industry requires the conveying system to fit within. The resulting compact nature of conveying systems has left little space for the sensing equipment, particularly in the regions around the conveying track. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to an aspect of the specification, there is provided a money item conveying member of a money item conveyor, comprising: a money item support section configured to support a primary money item on the conveying member during movement of the conveyor; and a money item release section configured to release one or more surplus money items from the conveying member; wherein the conveying member is arranged to direct the surplus money items into the release section when a primary money item is in the support section. 
     The money item release section does not support a money item on the conveying member during movement of the conveyor and thereby releases the surplus money items. 
     The release section may be configured to release the surplus money items immediately and without conveyance. 
     The money item support section may be configured to support the primary money item only. 
     The support section may comprise a money item conveying surface which is arranged to abut an edge of the primary money item to convey it forwards in the movement direction of the conveyor. 
     The conveying surface may be approximately perpendicular to the movement direction of the conveyor. 
     The conveying surface may stop short of the money item release section of the conveying member. 
     The support section may comprise a money item guide surface which is arranged to support a main face of the primary money item during movement of the conveyor. 
     The guide surface may be approximately parallel to the movement direction of the conveyor. 
     The money item conveying surface may be upstanding from the money item guide surface. 
     A height of the money item conveying surface above the money item guide surface may be approximately equal to or less than a thickness of the thinnest money item to be conveyed. 
     The guide surface may be located immediately forwards of the conveying surface in a conveying direction of the conveyor. 
     The money item conveying surface may extend in a direction which is partially across the conveying member and partially in the conveying direction of the conveyor. 
     The money item release section may comprise a chamfered region of the member over which the surplus money items slide off the member. 
     The surplus money items may be directed into the release section by movement of the primary money item in the support section. 
     The money item support section may be located next to the money item release section across the width of the conveying member. 
     The primary money item may be a coin or substantially circular token. 
     According to an aspect of the specification, there is also provided a money item conveying system comprising: a conveyor comprising a plurality of the money item conveying members; and a guide along which edges of primary money items are conveyed during movement of the conveyor. 
     The conveying surfaces of the conveying members may be configured to direct edges of the primary money items against the guide as the primary money items are conveyed. 
     The guide may be located directly adjacent to the money item support sections of the conveying members. 
     The guide may comprise a money item agitating region configured to agitate movement of surplus money items off the conveyor in order to singulate primary money items on the conveyor. 
     Movement of a primary money item against the agitating region of the guide may cause opposing movement of a surplus money item, on the same conveying member as the primary money item, into the money item release section of the member. 
     The money item conveyor may be configured to direct primary money items at least partially out of a conveying plane of the conveyor in the agitating region of the guide. 
     The agitating region of the guide may comprise a region which extends towards the conveyor configured to physically contact edges of surplus money items on conveying members and direct the surplus items into money item release sections of the conveying members. 
     The region may be configured to contact surplus money items which are resting edge to edge with a primary money item and forward of the primary money items in the conveying direction of the conveyor. 
     The guide may comprise a groove in which the edges of the primary money items are received as the money items are conveyed. 
     According to an aspect of the specification, there is provided a money item conveying system comprising: a money item conveyor configured to convey money items; and a money item guide along which the conveyor is configured to convey an edge of the money items; wherein the guide comprises a money item agitating region configured to agitate movement of surplus money items off the conveyor in order to singulate money items on the conveyor. 
     The conveyor may be configured to direct edges of the primary money items against the guide as they are conveyed. 
     Movement of a money item into the agitating region of the guide may cause opposing movement of a surplus money item into a money item release section of the conveyor. 
     The money item conveyor may be configured to direct primary money items at least partially out of a conveying plane of the conveyor in the agitating region of the conveyor path. 
     The agitating region of the guide may comprise a region which extends towards the conveyor configured to physically contact edges of surplus money items on the conveyor and direct the surplus items into a money item release section of the conveyor. 
     The region may be configured to contact surplus money items which are resting edge to edge with another money item and which are forward of the other money item in the conveying direction of the conveyor. 
     The agitating region of the guide may be in a money item escalating region of the conveyor path. 
     The money items may be coins or substantially circular tokens. 
     The guide may comprise a groove in which the edges of the primary money items are received as the money items are conveyed. 
     According to an aspect of the specification, there is provided a money item conveyor comprising: a money item conveying surface arranged to convey a received money item forwards when an edge of the money item contacts the conveying surface; and a money item ejecting surface arranged to direct the money item off the conveyor when an edge of the money item contacts the ejecting surface; wherein the money item conveying surface and the money item ejecting surface converge towards one another. 
     The money item conveyor may be arranged to support the money item between the money item conveying surface and the money item ejecting surface during conveyance. 
     The money item ejecting surface may be located forwards of the money item conveying surface in a conveying direction of the conveyor. 
     The money item conveying surface and the money item ejecting surface may be upstanding from a guide surface of the conveyor which is arranged to support a main face of the money item. 
     The money item conveying surface and the money item ejecting surface may be separated by the guide surface. 
     A plane of the money item conveying surface and a plane of the money item ejecting surface may be approximately perpendicular to a conveying direction of the conveyor. 
     Movement of the money item from the money item conveying surface to the money item ejecting surface may cause the money item to be directed off the conveyor by its impact angle with the ejecting surface. 
     The conveyor may comprise a longitudinal edge from which the money item conveying surface and the money item ejecting surface extend towards one another. 
     The money item conveying surface may extend from said longitudinal edge of the conveyor in a direction which is partially across the conveyor and partially in a conveying direction of the conveyor. 
     The money item ejecting surface may extend from the longitudinal edge of the conveyor in a direction which is partially across the conveyor and partially in an opposite direction to the conveying direction of the conveyor. 
     The money item conveying surface may be arranged to convey forwards money items received over said longitudinal edge of the conveyor. 
     The money item ejecting surface may be arranged to eject over said longitudinal edge money items which are received from the direction of the conveying surface. 
     The money item conveying surface may be located on a moving part of the conveyor and the money item ejecting surface may be located on a static part of the conveyor so that the conveying surface conveys the money item towards the ejecting surface. 
     A path of the conveyor may comprise a downward section in which the money item ejecting surface is located below the money item conveying surface. 
     In the downward section, a money item being conveyed by the conveying surface may fall against the money item ejecting surface and be ejected from the conveyor. 
     The conveyor may be an endless loop conveyor configured to move around a looped path. 
     The money items may comprise coins or substantially circular tokens. 
     The conveying surface may be configured to receive the money item from the same direction in which the ejecting surface is configured to direct the money item off the conveyor. 
     According to an aspect of the specification, there is provided a money item conveying system comprising: a money item conveyor configured to convey a money item; and at least one money item sensor located adjacent the money item conveyor and configured to sense at least one characteristic of the money item as it is conveyed; wherein the money item conveyor is configured to direct the money item at least partially out of a conveying plane of the conveyor and into a sensing plane of the adjacent sensor as the money item passes the sensor in a sensing region of the conveyor path. 
     The money item conveying system may comprise a guide located adjacent the conveyor against which the money item is conveyed past the sensor. 
     The conveyor may comprise a conveying surface which is configured to direct an edge of the money item against the adjacent guide. 
     The guide may comprise the bottom of a guide groove arranged to receive an edge of the money item so that the edge of the money item runs along the bottom of the groove as the money item is conveyed past the sensor. 
     The guide may be on the same side of the conveyor as the sensor. 
     A region between the guide and the conveyor into which the money item is directed may be out of the conveying plane of the conveyor and in the sensing plane of the sensor. 
     The distance between the conveyor and the guide may be greater in the sensing region of the conveyor path than it is in other regions of the conveyor path. 
     The at least one money item sensor may be located above and/or below the money item as it passes through the sensing region of the conveyor path. 
     The at least one sensor may be configured to detect physical and/or electromagnetic properties of the money item. 
     The conveyor may follow a looped path. 
     The sensing region may be located in a region of the conveyor path in which the money item is conveyed with a first of its faces against a fixed surface. 
     The sensing region may be located in a substantially horizontal region of the conveyor path in which the money item is conveyed with its first face against an approximately horizontal fixed surface. 
     The sensing region may be also located in a region of the conveyor path in which the money item is conveyed with a second of its faces against a fixed surface. 
     The sensing region may be located in a substantially upwardly travelling region of the conveyor path in which the money item is conveyed with its second face against a substantially vertical surface. 
     The system(s) may comprise a housing in which the first and second money item conveyors are located. A maximum height of the housing may be 285.5 mm or less in order to fit within standard industry size envelopes. 
     The money item may comprise a coin or substantially circular token. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       For the purposes of example only, embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying figures in which: 
         FIG. 1  is an illustration of a prior art money item track, on which two small diameter money items are being conveyed without being singulated; 
         FIG. 2  is an illustration of a conveying member for conveying and singulating money items of different currencies and denominations; 
         FIG. 3  is an illustration of two endless loop conveyors in a money item conveying system, wherein the shorter of the conveyors is located inside the longer of the conveyors; 
         FIG. 4  is another illustration of two endless loop conveyors in a money item conveying system, indicating the conveying direction of the conveyors and the locations of money item exits for each conveyor; 
         FIG. 5  is an illustration of a conveying system in which two conveyors are located adjacent to money item feeding hoppers; 
         FIG. 6  is an illustration of two money item feeding containers which are dedicated to separate money item conveyors in a money item conveying system; 
         FIG. 7  is a plan view of the conveying surface of a money item conveying member, including outlines of large and small diameter world coins on the member; 
         FIG. 8  is an illustration of a primary money item in a money item support section of a conveying member and a surplus money item being released from a money item release section of the conveying member; 
         FIG. 9  is an illustration of two money items on a money item conveying member, shortly before a surplus one of the money items is caused to be released from the conveying member to singulate the items; 
         FIG. 10  is an illustration of a primary money item being caused to move into a guide groove by a money item support section of a conveying member and a surplus money item being caused to move into a money item release section of the member; 
         FIG. 11  is an illustration of a primary money item in a money item support section of a conveying member and a surplus money item in a money item release section of the conveying member; 
         FIG. 12  is an illustration of an agitator section which directs surplus money items into a money item release section of a conveying member; 
         FIG. 13  is an illustration of a conveying member moving from an escalating region of the conveyor path to a bridge region of the conveyor path; 
         FIGS. 14 and 15  are illustrations of situations which are prevented by the invention, in which two money items lie face-to-face on a conveying member; 
         FIG. 16  is an illustration of a money item being conveyed through a money item sensing region on a bridge of the conveyor path; 
         FIG. 17  is an illustration of a money item which has been directed laterally out of the plane of a conveyor and into a money item sensing groove so that characteristics of the money item can be sensed by sensors which are out of the plane of the conveyor; 
         FIG. 18  is an illustration of money item sensors which are located adjacent the paths of two money item conveyors in bridge regions of the conveyors; 
         FIG. 19  is an illustration of a money item falling from a money item conveying surface of a conveying member onto a money item ejecting surface of a neighbouring conveying member and, upon striking the ejecting surface, being diverted off the conveyor; 
         FIG. 20  is a plan view of the surface of a money item conveyor which comprises money item conveying surfaces and money item ejecting surfaces which converge towards the conveying surfaces; 
         FIG. 21  is an illustration of a static money item ejecting member which engages with a moving money item conveyor and causes money items on the conveyor to pass through a conveyor exit; 
         FIG. 22  is an illustration of longitudinal channels in a surface of a moving conveying member which engage with corresponding ridges in a surface of an ejecting member to eject money items off the conveying member; and 
         FIG. 23  is a schematic illustration of a money item conveying system. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     A money item conveying member  1  of a money item conveying system  2  is illustrated in  FIG. 2 . The conveying member  1  is configured to singulate a money item on the member  1  and to individually convey the singulated money item to a conveyor exit  3  of a money item conveyor  4 . At the exit  3 , the money item leaves the conveying member  1  and enters another part of the system  2 , such as a payout region, a storage hopper or a cash box. 
     The conveying member  1  may be one of a series of connected members  1  which together form the money item conveyor  4 . For example, the conveying member  1  may comprise part of an endless loop conveyor  4  which is configured to convey money items from a money item source  5  to the conveyor&#39;s exit  3 . An example of a system  2  comprising two such conveyors  4  is shown in  FIGS. 3 to 6 , in which the conveyors  4  are configured to convey money items from the exits of money item sources  5  to money item payout regions  3 . Movement of the conveyors  4  is caused by engagement with one or more controllable drive units  6 , which cause the conveyors  4  to rotate around their looped paths. For example, referring to  FIGS. 3 and 4 , teeth on the outwardly facing, circumferential surface of each conveyor  4  may engage with a drive wheel  6  located at the outside of the conveyor  4  so that movement of the drive wheel  6  causes corresponding movement of the conveyor  4 . 
     As can be seen from  FIGS. 3 and 4 , the two conveyors are of different lengths. The shorter of the conveyors  4  is located entirely within the internal region of the longer conveyor  4  so that the looped path of both conveyors  4  is in the same plane. The alignment of the shorter conveyor  4  in the plane of the longer conveyor  4 , as clearly shown in  FIG. 5 , increases the money item conveying capacity and flexibility of the conveying system  2 , without occupying any more volume than would be occupied by the longer conveyor  4  alone. As such, the system  2  is able to conform to the standard size envelope used by industry whilst also offering extra conveying capacity. 
     The one or more conveyors  4  are located inside a housing  7  of the conveying system  2 , along with other elements of the system  2  such as the money item sources  5 . The height of the housing  7  is less than or equal to 284.5 mm+/−1.0 mm and therefore has a maximum height of 285.5 mm. This ensures that the height of the housing  7 , and all of the elements of the system  2  within it, including the conveyors  4 , is such that the system  2  fits within the standard size envelope required by the industry. The money item sources  5  are discussed below in the context of money item hoppers  5 , although it will be appreciated that other types of feeding source could be used. 
     Although alternative configurations are possible, the number of hoppers  5 , or other money item sources  5 , may be equal to the number of conveyors  4  in the system  2  so that each hopper  5  is dedicated to feeding money items onto a single one of the conveyors  4 . For example, as best shown in  FIGS. 3 and 6 , the illustrated system  2  comprises two hoppers  5  which respectively feed the two conveyors  4 . The use of multiple dedicated hoppers  5  allows the system  2  to dispense different types of money item faster than would be the case with a single conveyor  4 , single hopper  5  system, since different types of money item can be split between the hoppers  5  and thus dispensed immediately onto the associated conveyor  4  without the need to wait for the money items to be discriminated in a discriminator attached to the hopper. 
     Alternatively, the hoppers  5  may both contain the same type of money item. This would enable that type of money item to be dispensed to the exits  3  at approximately double the speed than that which would be possible with a single conveyor, single hopper system. 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , the arrangement of the system elements in the housing  7  may be such that the one or more conveyors  4  are located immediately adjacent to a side face  7   a  of the housing  7 . Furthermore, the principal plane of the path of the conveyor(s)  4  may be substantially parallel to the side face  7   a  of the housing  7  so that the distance between the conveyor(s)  4  and the side face  7   a  of the housing  7  is substantially equal at all regions of the conveyor path. 
     The one or more hoppers  5  may also be located immediately adjacent the conveyors  4 , on the opposite side of the conveyor(s)  4  to the aforementioned side face  7   a  of the housing  7 , so that the conveyor(s)  4  are sandwiched between the side face  7   a  of the housing  7  and the hopper(s)  5 . As schematically shown in  FIG. 3 , money items move onto the conveying members  1  from hopper exit(s)  5  located adjacent to the conveyor(s)  4  by sliding or otherwise moving over a longitudinal edge  8  of the conveyor  4  which is directly adjacent the hoppers  5 . This edge  8  of the conveyor  4  is referred to in the description below as the money item receiving edge  8  of the conveyor  4 . 
     Referring to back to  FIG. 3 , the money item feeding hopper(s)  5  are configured to feed money items onto the conveying members  1  of the conveyors  4  in a receiving region  4   a  of the conveyor path. For example, as best shown in the cut-away drawing of  FIG. 6 , the source(s)  5  may be configured to feed money items onto the conveyor  4  under gravity via an exit chute  5   a  located adjacent the money item receiving edge  8  in a receiving region  4   a  of the conveyor path. 
     In addition to the money item receiving region  4   a , the path of each conveyor  4  also comprises an escalating region  4   b  and a bridge region  4   c . As shown by the conveyance direction arrows in  FIG. 4 , the escalating region  4   b  immediately follows the receiving region  4   a  and comprises an upwardly extending section of the conveyor path in which money items on the conveying members  1  are lifted in an approximately vertical orientation into the bridge region  4   c  above. As shown in  FIG. 3 , the receiving region  4   a  of the conveyor path may be located at a point where the conveyor  4  begins to bend upwards from a substantially horizontal region at the bottom of the conveyor path into the escalating region  4   b . The location of the receiving region  4   a  in an upwardly extending section of the conveyor path controls the flow of money items onto the conveyor  4  and so avoids the possibility of the receiving region  4   a  of the conveyor  4  being flooded with money items. 
     Although the escalating region  4   b  may be described as approximately vertical, it will be appreciated from a review of  FIGS. 3 and 4  that the principal function of the escalating region  4   b  is to convey singulated money items upwards into the bridge region  4   c  and that it is not necessary for the escalating region  4   b  to be truly vertical for this to be achieved. For example, the conveying direction of the escalating region  4   b  may be off vertical by approximately 10° to 15°, or more, so that a main face of each singulated money items  14  leans against the inwardly facing surface of the conveyor  4  as it is conveyed upwards. 
     The bridge region  4   c  immediately follows the escalating region  4   b  and comprises an approximately horizontal section of the conveyor path in which characteristics of the money items are sensed as the money items are conveyed to the exit  3 . This is described in more detail further below. 
     Each of the plurality of conveying members  1  in the conveyor(s)  4  is connected to its neighbouring members  1  by hinges or otherwise flexible joints  9 . For example, referring to  FIG. 7 , the leading and trailing edges  10 , ii of each conveying member  1  may be hinged to corresponding edges  10 , ii of the neighbouring conveying members  1  in order to allow the individual members  1  to move relative to one another and hence around bends in the looped path of the conveyor  4 . Furthermore, as shown in  FIG. 7 , intermediate support members is may be hinged between neighbouring conveying members  1  in order to increase the number of hinges per unit length of the conveyor  4  and thereby improve smooth passage of the members  1  around the bends in the conveyor path. 
     Referring back to  FIG. 2 , each conveying member  1  comprises a money item support section  12  and a money item release section  13 . Both sections  12 ,  13  are located on the inwardly facing surface of the conveying member  1  so that they are on the opposite side of the conveying member  1  to the drive teeth referred to above. The money item support section  12  is configured to support a single money item on the member  1  and to cause the money item to be conveyed with the member  1  to the conveyor exit  3 . A money item accommodated in the support section  12  is referred to in the description below as a primary money item  14 , since it is this money item  14  which is singulated and individually presented by the conveying member  1  at the exit  3 . 
     The money item release section  13  is configured to release one or more surplus money items  15  from the member  1  by causing the surplus money items  15  to fall or otherwise move off the member  1  before the member  1  reaches the exit  3  intended for the primary money item  14 . It is the release of surplus money items  15  by the release section  13 , to leave only a single money item on each conveying member  1 , which allows the conveying system  2  to singulate primary money items  14  and individually deliver the items  14  to the exit  3 . 
     The money item release section  13  of the conveying member  1  is located adjacent the money item support section  12 . Money items  15  which cannot be accommodated in the support section  12  are directed into the release section  13  and subsequently off the conveying member  1  to singulate the primary money item  14 . The support and release sections  12 ,  13  may, for example, lie substantially side-by-side across the width of the conveying member  1 , so that the sections  12 ,  13  span the member  1  in a direction which is approximately perpendicular to the conveyance direction of the conveyor  4 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 2 and 7 , the money item support section  12  may comprise a conveying support  12   a , such as a ledge  12   a , against which an edge of the primary money item  14  is located during conveyance. For example, in the case of a relatively thin money item such as a coin or circular token, the thin edge of the primary money item  14  may abut the support  12   a  during movement of the conveying member  1  so that the primary money item  14  is maintained in the support section  12  and is conveyed forwards with the member  1 . The money item  14  is located forwards of a conveying surface of the support  12   a , which faces forwards in the direction of movement of the conveying member  1 . The conveying surface of the support  12   a  urges the primary money item  14  forwards in the direction of the conveyor  4  by exerting a driving force against the edge of the money item  14 . 
     The money item support section  12  of the conveying member  1  also comprises a guide support  12   b , against which the main face of the primary money item  14  is located during conveyance. For example, in loop conveyors  4  such as those illustrated in  FIGS. 3 and 4 , a main face of the primary money item  14  rests against the surface of the guide support  12   b  during conveyance of the item  14  in the receiving region  4   a  and escalating region  4   b  of the conveyor path. The surface of the guide support  12   b  is approximately parallel to the direction of movement of the conveyor  4  and approximately perpendicular to the conveying surface of the conveying support  12   a  referred to above. This is illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 8 , where it is shown that the surface of the support ledge  12   a  is approximately perpendicularly upstanding from the surface of the guide support  12   b  so that the primary money item  14  naturally locates at the junction between the surfaces  12   a ,  12   b  and is supported in this location during conveyance. 
     The height of the conveying support  12   a  above the surface of the guide support  12   b  may be chosen so as to reliably abut and convey the primary money item  14  without also abutting and conveying one or more surplus money items  15 . For example, the height of the conveying support  12   a  above the guide support  12   b  may be chosen so as to be high enough to abut the thin edge of a primary money item  14  resting against the guide support  12   b  but not high enough to also abut and convey surplus money items  15  which might be lying face to face on top of the primary money item  14 . The lack of abutment with the conveying support  12   a  causes such surplus money items  15  to slide over the top of the conveying support  12   a  towards the trailing edge  11  of the conveying member  1  and subsequently off the conveyor  4 . For example, in a looped conveyor  4 , such surplus money items  15  slide off the conveying member  1  under gravity. The items  15  may land back in the receiving region  4   a  of the conveyor path, from where they may be collected by another conveying member  1 . 
     It will be appreciated that the height of the conveying support  12   a  should be selected in dependence of the thickness of the money items  14 ,  15  which are in circulation and which the conveyor  4  is intended to convey. The height of the conveying support  12   a  should be chosen so as to ensure that it reliably abuts and conveys all of the different money items which the conveyor  4  is intended to convey, without being sufficiently high to abut two of the thinnest money items lying face-to-face on the surface of the guide support  12   b . The height of the conveying support  12   a  may, for example, be less than the thickness of the thinnest money item which the conveyor  4  is intended to convey. An example height is approximately 1.5 mm or less, such as approximately 1.4 mm or less, approximately 1.3 mm or less, or approximately 1.2 mm or less. The height may be greater than approximately 0.8 mm. It will be appreciated that other heights are also possible. 
     As best illustrated in  FIG. 7 , the conveying support  12   a  extends transversely across the conveying member  1  from the longitudinal money item receiving edge  8  of the member  1 . As with its height, the length of the conveying support  12   a  and the angle at which it extends from the money item receiving edge  8  are chosen so as to support and convey a single money item  14  only. In particular, the conveying support  12   a  does not extend across the conveying member  1  to a degree which would be sufficient to abut and support two money items  14 ,  15  in an edge to edge arrangement across the width of the member  1 . 
     The angle which the conveying support  12   a  makes with the money item receiving edge  8  may be non-perpendicular. More specifically, the conveying support  12   a  may extend from the money item receiving edge  8  in a direction which is both towards the opposite longitudinal edge  16  of the member  1  and also towards the leading edge  10  of the member  1 . The conveying support  12   a  and the money item receiving edge  8  of the member  1  may therefore make an acute angle which faces towards the leading edge  10  of the member  1 . 
     The length and angle of the conveying support  12   a  may be selected in dependence of the diameter of money items  14 ,  15  which are currently in circulation and which are intended to be conveyed. For example, the tangent points of the different money items with the upstanding surface of the conveying support  12   a , as measured when the items  14 ,  15  are lying face down in the support section  12  on the guide support  12   b , may be used to determine an appropriate length and angle for the conveying support  12   a . In particular, the conveying support  12   a  should include the tangent point of the largest diameter money item to be conveyed but exclude the tangent point of the second of a pair of the smallest diameter money items lying edge to edge along the line of the conveying support  12   a . An example of this is shown in  FIG. 7 , in which it can be seen that the illustrated conveying support  12   a  includes the tangent point of a large diameter world coin but excludes the tangent point of the second of a pair of small diameter world coins lying edge to edge. 
     An example range of values for the size of the forward-facing angle which the conveying support  12   a  makes with the money item receiving edge  8  is between approximately 5° and approximately 85°, although other angle sizes of less than 90° could alternatively be used. 
     Unlike the support section  12 , the money item release section  13  is not configured to support money items on the conveying member  1  during conveyance. In particular, the release section  13  does not comprise a conveying support  12   a  of the type described above. As shown in  FIGS. 2 and 7 , the conveying support  12   a  of the support section  12  stops short of the release section  13  in a central region of the conveying member  1  and so, unlike the support section  12 , the release section  13  is not configured to exert a conveying force against the edges of money items during movement of the conveyor  4 . 
     The release section  13  instead comprises a money item release surface  13   a  which encourages money items  15  in the release section  13  to slide off the conveying member  1 . In contrast to the conveying support  12   a , the release surface  13   a  is not upstanding from the guide support  12   b  and so does not abut the edges of money items which are lying face-to-face with the conveying member  1 . It instead allows the money items  15  to slide over the release surface  13   a  towards the member&#39;s trailing edge  11 . An example of this is illustrated in  FIG. 8 , which shows how a surplus money item  15  may be ejected over the release surface  13   a  of the conveying member  1  as the conveying member  1  ascends the escalating region  4   b  of the conveyor path. 
     The release surface  13   a  is located side-by-side with the conveying support  12   a  across the width of the conveying member  1 . For example, as can be seen from  FIGS. 2, 7 and 8 , the conveying support  12   a  and the release surface  13   a  may together traverse the entire width of the conveying member  1 . 
     As best shown in  FIGS. 2 and 8 , the release surface  13   a  may be a chamfered surface of the member  1  which extends upwards and backwards from the surface of the guide support  12   b  towards the trailing edge  11  of the conveying member  1 . The release surface  13   a  is non-perpendicular with the surface of the guide support  12   b  and may, for example, extend backwards at an acute angle of approximately 89° or less relative to the surface of the guide support  12   b . An example angle is approximately 70°. As shown in  FIG. 2 , the rear portion of the conveying member  1 , behind the conveying support  12   a  and the release surface  13   a , may comprise a substantially flush surface over which surplus money items  15  are released. 
     Alternatively, the release surface  13   a  may be approximately parallel to the conveying direction of the conveying member  1 . In particular, the plane of the release surface  13   a  may be approximately the same as the plane of the guide surface  12   b  of the adjacent money item support section  12  so that the two surfaces  13   a ,  12   b  are flush with one another. 
     In instances where surplus money items  15  on the conveying members  1  do not naturally locate in the release sections  13 , the items  15  are physically directed into the release sections  13  by the conveying system  2  in order to ensure that the primary money items  14  are singulated before they reach the exit  3 . This process will now be described in relation to the escalating region  4   b  of the conveyor path. However, it will be appreciated that the process could alternatively take place elsewhere on the conveyor path. 
     An example of part of the escalating region  4   b  of the conveyor  4  is illustrated in  FIGS. 9 to 12 . As shown, in this region, the conveyor  4  follows the path of a static guide  17  which is located adjacent to the money item receiving edge  8  of the conveyor  4 . The money item receiving edge  8  of the conveyor  4  moves along the static guide  17  during money item transit. The static guide  17  supports primary money items  14  in the support sections  12  of the conveyor  4 . 
     In particular, as shown in the figures, the angled nature of the conveying support  12   a  causes a primary money item  14  in the support section  12  of a conveying member  1  to be urged against the static guide  17  as the conveyor  4  moves forward, thereby retaining the primary money item  14  in the support section  12 . Surplus money items  15  are not in contact with the angled conveying support  12   a  and as such, unlike the primary items  14 , they are not urged against the static guide  17 . 
       FIG. 9  illustrates a situation in which a conveying member  1  of the conveyor  4  has collected two small diameter money items  14 ,  15  in the money item receiving region  4   a  of the conveyor path. For the purposes of clarity in the illustration, the neighbouring conveying members  1  of the conveyor  4  have been omitted from the figure. As can be seen, a first of the money items  14  has naturally located itself in the support section  12  of the member  1  and has therefore become the primary money item  14 . 
     The presence of the primary money item  14  blocks the second of the money items  15  from entering the support section  12  and thus the second money item  15  is forced into another part of the conveying member  1 .  FIG. 9  illustrates a situation in which, instead of immediately falling into the release section  13  or sliding over the top of the primary money item  14  and off the trailing edge  11  of the conveying member  1 , the second money item  15  has located in a position which is forward of the primary money item  14  and close to the leading edge  10  of the conveying member  1 . In this position, the edge of the surplus money item  15  abuts the edge of the primary money item  14  located directly behind it in the support section  12 . The surplus money item  15  may therefore be conveyed forwards along the static guide  17  without falling into the release section  13 . 
     In order to ensure that it is only the primary money item  14  which continues to be conveyed on the conveying member  1 , and to prevent the surplus money item  15  from being undesirably conveyed to the exit  3 , the static guide  17  comprises a surplus money item agitating region  18  which is configured to agitate movement of the surplus money item  15  into the release section  13  of the conveying member  1 . In the agitating region  18 , a section of the guide  17  extends away from the money item receiving edge  8  of the conveyor  4 . This causes lateral movement of the primary money item  14 , since its edge is being directed against the guide  17  by the conveying support  12   a , and the result is that the surplus money item  15  is caused to move into the release section  13  of the conveying member  1 . 
     For example, the agitating region  18  of the static guide  17  may comprise a groove  19 , in which the edge of the primary money item  14  is received during conveyance of the item  14  up the escalating region  4   b  of the conveyor  4 . Unlike the surplus money item  15  which is resting on the edge of the primary item  14 , the primary money item  14  is directed into the groove  19  by the angled conveying support  12   a  of the conveying member  1 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 10 , movement of the primary money item  14  into the groove  19  causes the primary money item  14  to move partially over the money item receiving edge  8  of the conveying member  1  and further away from the money item release section  13 . In doing so, the primary money item  14  moves partially out of the plane of the conveyor  4 . This movement of the primary item  14  causes a misalignment between the primary item  14  and the surplus item  15  forward of it, which in turn causes the surplus money item  15  to roll in the opposite direction to the primary item  14  and hence towards the money item release section  13 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 11 , without the primary money item  14  directly behind it to convey it forwards, the surplus money item  15  moves immediately into a side by side relationship with the primary money item  14  across the width of the conveying member  1 . Since the conveying support  12   a  does not include the tangent point of the surplus item  15  in this location, the surplus item  15  proceeds into the release section  13  from where it is released from the conveyor  4  in the manner previously described in relation to  FIG. 8 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 10 to 12 , the agitating region  18  may further comprise a section  20  of the guide  17  which extends back towards the money item receiving edge  8  of the conveyor  4 . This section  20  may comprise a projection  20 , such as a bump or otherwise uneven surface, as shown in  FIGS. 11 and 12 . Alternatively, the section  20  may comprise an end region of the grove  19 . An example of this is shown in  FIG. 10 . Although  FIG. 10  does not illustrate it, the groove  19  may begin again marginally further along the conveyor path in order to once again receive the edge of the primary money item  14  and guide the primary money item  14  in a secured way towards the exit  3 . 
     The purpose of the agitating region  18  is to ensure that any surplus money item  15  which did not move into the release section  13  following the initial movement of the primary money item  14  into the groove  19  does not remain on the conveying member  1 . The section  20  of the guide  17  which extends back towards the money item receiving edge  8  of the conveyor  4  interacts physically with the surplus money item  15  and directs the surplus item  15  away from the guide  17  and into the release section  13 . 
     For example, the section  20  of the guide  17  which extends back towards the money item receiving edge  8  of the conveyor  4  may comprise a region of the internal surface of the groove  19  in which the primary item  14  is located during conveyance of the primary item  14  up the escalating region  4   b  of the conveyor loop  4 . The section  20  projects outwards from the otherwise smooth surface of the groove  19  and thus contacts the surplus money item  15  as it moves up the escalating region  4   b . This contact causes sudden misalignment of the two money items  14 ,  15 . As shown in  FIG. 12 , the surplus money item  15  moves past the centre line of the primary money item  14  behind it and onwards into the money item release section  13  as previously described in relation to  FIGS. 8 and 11 . Therefore, even in the event that a surplus money item  15  somehow initially slips into the groove  19  along with the primary money item  14 , the agitating region  18  ensures that the surplus money item  15  is directed into the release section  13  before the conveying member  1  reaches the bridge region  4   c  of the conveyor path. 
     It should be noted that, although the primary money item  14  also physically interacts with the section  20  of the guide  17  which extends back towards the money item receiving edge  8  of the conveyor  4  as it moves up the escalating section  4   b , it is prevented from being directed into the release section  13  of the conveying member  1  by the angled nature of the conveying support  12   a  which continually urges the money item  14  against the static guide  17  and thus retains the money item  14  inside the groove  19 . 
     It should also be noted that the degree to which the guide  17  extends back towards the money item receiving edge  8  of the conveyor  4  should be chosen in order to ensure that the deviation which it causes to the money items  14 ,  15  is sufficient to direct all surplus money items  15  into the release section  13 . Three different examples are shown in  FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 .  FIGS. 10 and 11  show examples in which the guide  17  extends fully back to the edge  8  of the conveyor  4 , whilst  FIG. 12  illustrates an example in which the guide  17  extends only approximately half of the distance back towards the edge  8  of the conveyor  4 . 
     As explained previously, the escalating region  4   b  of the conveyor  4  is followed by the bridge region  4   c . The transition from the escalating region to the bridge region comprises a bend in the conveyor path, around which the primary money items  14  are conveyed and caused to re-orientate from a substantially vertical orientation in the escalating region  4   b  to a substantially horizontal orientation in the bridge region  4   c . The transition is illustrated in  FIG. 13 , which shows how a bridge  21  located adjacent to the inwardly facing surface of the conveyor  4  supports the main face of a primary money item  14  against gravity as the main face of the item  14  falls forward and inwardly from the surface of the guide support  12   b.    
     The bridge  21  overlaps the support sections  12  of the conveyor  4  and thereby ensures that as the primary money item  14  falls forwards away from the surface of the guide support  12   b , the item  14  is prevented from falling off the conveying member  1 . However, as can be seen from  FIG. 13 , the bridge  21  does not overlap the release sections  13  of the conveyor  4  and therefore ensures that any remaining surplus money items  15  in the release sections  13  now fall unsupported against gravity away from the conveyor  4  and back into the receiving region  4   a.    
     The situations illustrated in  FIGS. 14 and 15 , in which money items are conveyed face to face on a single conveying member  1  and thus not singulated, are avoided. 
     Referring to  FIG. 16 , in the bridge region  4   c  of the conveyor  4 , a main face of each primary money item  14  is conveyed along a substantially horizontal path of the bridge  21  by the conveying supports  12   a . As explained above, the bridge  21  is located inside the circumferential path of the conveyor  4  and is therefore underneath the money items  14  in this section of the path. In contrast, the conveyor  4  is located above the bridge  21  and therefore may sandwich the money items  14  between it and the bridge  21 . This is shown in  FIG. 16 , where is can be seen that the outwardly facing surface of the bridge  21  directly faces the guide supports  12   b  of the conveying members  1 . 
     During the transition from the escalating region  4   b  to the bridge region  4   c , and subsequently when the primary money item  14  is on the bridge  21 , the edge of the money item  14  continues to be conveyed along the static guide  17  by to the angled nature of the conveying support  12   a . More specifically, the edge of the primary money item  14  remains inside the guide groove  19  referred to previously, so that the edge of the money item  14  is located in the guide groove  19  as the item  14  is conveyed along the bridge  21  by the conveying support  12   a . The passage of the money item  14  from the escalating region  4   b  to the bridge region  4   c  is aided in its reliability by the location of the money item  14  inside the guide groove  19 . This is particularly the case with the inner, shorter of the conveyors  4  because of the short radius of curvature of the bend between the escalating region  4   b  and the bridge region  4   c . The passage of the money item  14  around the bend between the escalating region  4   b  and the bridge region  4   c , and the associated transition from a substantially vertical orientation to a substantially horizontal orientation, is smoothed by the guiding effect of the groove  19 , which keeps the money item  14  stable during the change in orientation. 
     It will be understood that this effect of the groove  19  is particularly applicable to the inner conveyor  4  because, in addition to being limited by its confinement within the limited height of the housing  7 , which as previously discussed is small enough to fit within the standard size envelope specified by industry, the radius of curvature of the bend between the escalating region  4   b  and the bridge region  4   c  of the inner conveyor  4  is further limited by the confinement of the inner conveyor  4  within the outer conveyor  4 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 3 and 4 , an associated effect of the guide groove  19  is to ensure that the leading edges of money items  14  on the escalating region  4   b  of the conveyor  14  do not cause a jam by striking the end face of the bridge  21  as the money items  14  are conveyed into the bridge region  4   c . This is because the guide groove  19  helps to maintain the main faces of the money items  14  substantially against the guide supports  12   b  in the escalating region  4   b  of the conveyor path. 
     In the bridge region  4   c  of the conveyor  4 , the money items  14  are at their most stable because of the way in which they lie face down on a substantially horizontal surface  21 . This stability, together with the fact that all of the primary money items  14  have been singulated and the money items  14  are approaching the conveyor exit  3 , contributes to the bridge region  4   c  being an appropriate location in the conveyor path to perform sensory checks on the money items  14 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 17 and 18 , the money item conveying system  2  may comprise one or more money item sensors  22  which are located in one or more money item sensing regions of the conveyor path and are configured to sense characteristics of the primary money items  14  as the money items  14  are conveyed. A suitable location for a money items sensing region is in the bridge region  4   c  of the conveyor path, so that characteristics of the money items  14  are sensed as they are conveyed over the bridge  21 . The sensors  22  may, for example, be configured to sense physical or electromagnetic characteristics of the money items  14 , such as the items&#39; dimensions, shape, conductivity, permeability, construction and other properties. 
     The sensor(s)  22  may be located adjacent to the money item receiving edge  8  of the conveying members  1  in the bridge region  4   c . For example, as shown in  FIG. 17 , the sensor(s)  22  may be located directly above and/or below the guide groove  19  in which the money items  14  are conveyed along the bridge  21 . In order to locate the money items  14  as close as possible to the sensor(s)  22  as the items  14  move over the bridge  21 , the items  14  are moved substantially out of the plane of the conveyor  4  into a deep section of the guide groove  19 . More specifically, the guide groove  19  may be deeper in the bridge region  4   c  of the conveyor  4  than it is in other areas of the conveyor path so that money items  14  move even further over the money item receiving edge  8  of the conveying members  1 . For example,  FIG. 17  illustrates a situation in which more than half of a money item  14  is over the item receiving edge  8  of a conveying member  1  as it is conveyed through the deep region of the guide groove  19 . The location of the money items  14  in the deep region of the guide groove  19  is substantially out of line with the path of the conveyor  4 , enabling the items  14  to pass directly under, over and/or between the sensors  22  and for the sensors  22  to view or otherwise sense characteristics of the money items  14  without obstruction from the conveyor  4 . 
     It will be appreciated that, whatever the thickness of the money item  14  which is being conveyed, the money item face which lies directly against the surface of the bridge  21  will always be in the same location. This means that the distance between the sensor(s)  22  and the face of the money item  14  which is directly against the surface of the bridge  21  will be constant regardless of the thickness of the money item  14 . The sensors  22  can be positioned so as to reduce this distance to a minimum, or so as to obtain an otherwise optimum distance, such as approximately 0.5 mm, between the sensors  22  and the downwardly-facing face of the money item  14  in the bridge region  4   c . This allows the sensors  22  to detect characteristics of different money items  14  reliably and consistently, without any variation in the measurement distances involved. 
     However, it will also be appreciated that the distance between the surface of the bridge  21  and the upwardly-facing face of the money item  14  will vary for different money item thicknesses. This means that the distance between that upwardly-facing money item face, which is referred to below as the opposite face, and any fixed position sensors  22  in the bridge region  4   c  of the conveying system  2  will vary for different thicknesses of money item  14 . 
     In order to enhance the coin properties sensed over those in the bridge region  4   c , the opposite face of the money item  14  may be sensed in a sensing region located in a different region of the conveyor path. More specifically, the money item system  2  may additionally, or alternatively, comprise one or more money item sensors  22  in a region of the conveyor path where the position of the opposite faces of the money items  14  can be accurately predicted regardless of the money item thickness. Referring back to  FIG. 3 , an example of this is in the escalating region  4   b  of the conveyor path, in which the opposite faces of the money items  14  lie against the surfaces of the guide supports  12   b . The location of the opposite face is therefore consistent in this region  4   b , regardless of the thickness of the money item  14  being sensed. 
     As with the money item sensing section of the bridge region  4   c  described above, the money item sensing section in the escalating region  4   b  comprises a deep groove of the type described above in relation to  FIGS. 16 to 18 . The money items  14  are moved out of the plane of the conveyor  4 , over the money item receiving edge  8  of the conveyor and towards the hoppers  5 , so that characteristics of the money items  14  can be sensed without obstruction from the conveyor  4 . 
     Measurements made by the sensors  22  may be used, for example, to validate that the money item  14  which is being conveyed over the bridge  21  is of the type which is desired at the money item exit  3 . The result of the validation operation may be used to determine the path which the money item  8  should take after being ejected from the conveyor  4 . For example, money items  8  which are validated as being of the desired type may be channeled into a payout region of the conveying system  2 , whereas money items  14  which are not of the desired type may be channeled back into an appropriate storage hopper  5  of other storage region. 
     Referring back to  FIGS. 3 and 4 , the bridge region  4   c  of the conveyor path is followed by a money item ejection region  4   d  in which money items  14  are ejected from the conveying members  1  through the conveyor exit  3 . In the money item ejection region  4   d , the conveyor  4  conveys the money items  14  in a downward section of the conveyor path located approximately opposite the escalating region  4   b . As with the escalating and bridge regions  4   b ,  4   c  described previously, the money items  14  may be guided in a groove  19  of the static guide  17  located adjacent the money item receiving edge  8  of the conveying members  1 . The money items are ejected from the conveyor  4  over the money item receiving edge  8  into the exit  3 , which may for example comprise an aperture  3  in the static guide  17 . 
     A perspective illustration of the ejection region  4   d  of the outer conveyor  4  is shown in  FIG. 19 . As can be seen, in this region  4   d  of the conveyor path, the money items  14  may fall under gravity against a money item ejecting surface  23  of the conveyor  4  which directs the money items  14  off the conveyor  4 . More specifically, having previously been pushed through the escalating and bridge regions  4   b ,  4   c  of the conveyor path by the conveying supports  12   a , the primary money items  14  lose contact with the conveying supports  12   a  in the ejection region  4   d  because the conveying supports  12   a  are located above them and do not support them against gravity. 
     Referring to  FIG. 20 , the money item ejecting surface  23  is similar to the surface of the conveying support  12   a  in that it is an upstanding surface  23  which is approximately perpendicular to the direction of conveyance of the conveyor  4 . As with, the conveying support  12   a , the ejecting surface  23  may form an approximately perpendicular junction with the surface of the guide support  12   b  of the support section  12  and may extend from the money item receiving edge  8  of the conveyor  4  at a non-perpendicular angle. The ejecting surface  23  may also have a similar height and length to the conveying support  12   a . However, the angle of the ejecting surface  23  is approximately opposite to the angle of the conveying support  12   a  so that the ejecting surface  23  and the surface of the conveying support  12   a  converge towards one another from the money item receiving edge  8  of the conveyor  4 . More specifically, instead of extending forwards from the money item receiving edge  8  in the direction of conveyance, the ejecting surface  23  extends backwards from the edge  8  in approximately the opposite direction. 
     The angle of the ejecting surface  23  relative to the direction of movement of the conveyor  4 , and hence the direction in which the money item  14  falls towards the ejecting surface  23 , is such that contact between the edge of the falling money item  14  and the ejecting surface  23  directs the money item  14  towards the money item receiving edge  8  of the conveyor  4 . The location in the conveyor path at which the money items  14  strike the ejecting surface  23  and are directed fully towards the money item receiving edge  8  corresponds to the location of the exit  3 , so that the money items  14  pass through the exit  3  and off the conveyor  4 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , the money item ejecting region  4   d  is located on the opposite side of the conveyor loop to the escalating region  4   b . This is made possible by the bridge region  4   c  described above, which allows money items  14  on the conveyor  4  to be transported to the opposite side of the looped path. The location of the ejecting region  4   d  and the associated money item exit path  3  aids the overall packaging of the system  2  in the housing  7 , for example by allowing the money item exits of the conveyors  2  to be more closely packed together. 
     The location of the ejecting region  4   d , and the bridge region  4   c  that facilitates it, is of particular help when accommodating all elements of a multiple conveyor system  2  within the standard industry size envelope discussed previously. One reason for this is that it allows money items on the conveyor(s)  4  to be ejected from the conveyor(s)  4  in a region of the conveyor path that is convenient for channeling the money items directly through the housing  7  to a payout area. 
     In some systems  2 , such as those that comprise a single conveyor  4 , the money item ejecting region  4   d  could be located in the escalating region  4   b  of the conveyor path to allow money items to be ejected off the conveyor  4  once they had been discriminated or validated by sensors  22  located further down the escalating region  4   b . This could be considered an advantageous arrangement for such systems  2  because the conveyor  4  would be required to convey the money items only up the relatively short and straight escalating region  4   b , thereby avoiding the potential complications discussed above with regard to bends in the conveyor path. 
     However, in the case of a system  2  that comprise two conveyors  4 , such as those illustrated in  FIGS. 3 and 4 , the arrangement of the conveyors  4  within the limited size of the housing  7  makes it inconvenient for money items to be ejected from the conveyors  4  in the escalating regions  4   b . This is because the escalating regions  4   b  of the two conveyors  4  are relatively far apart, as shown in  FIG. 3 , and so money items can not be exited from the two conveyors  4  in the same place. Each conveyor  4  would likely require its own dedicated money item payout channel, which would in turn occupy more space within the limited size of the housing  7 . This problem cannot be easily solved by arranging the escalating regions  4   b  of the conveyors  4  closer together because, as can be seen from  FIG. 3 , this would place further undesirable restrictions on the location and/or size of the money item inlet chute  5   a  for at least the outer conveyor  4 . 
     The bridge regions  4   c  address the problem by allowing money items to be conveyed from the escalating regions  4   b  to ejecting regions  4   d  on the opposite sides of the conveyor paths. As can be seen from  FIG. 3 , in this opposite region of the conveyor paths, the conveyors  4  can be located directly adjacent to one another, at the desired money item exit height, without the complications discussed above. By locating the money item ejecting regions  4   d  in this location, the money items are exited from the two conveyors  4  at substantially the same location and can from there be directed to a payout area via a shared channel through the housing  7 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 20 , the conveying supports  12   a  and ejecting surfaces  23  operate in pairs, on the moving conveyor  4 , to eject money items  14  from the conveyor  4  through the exit  3 . In each pair, the ejecting surface  23  is located forward of the conveying support  12   a  on the conveyor  4 . For example, as shown in  FIGS. 19 and 20 , the ejecting surface  23  and the conveying support  12   a  may be located on different conveying members  1  so that each primary money item  14  falls against the ejecting surface  23  of the next conveying member  1  in the endless loop as it leaves the conveyor  4 . Alternatively, the ejecting surface  23  and the conveying support  12   a  may be located on the same conveying member  1 . 
     In another alternative configuration, the ejecting surface  23  is not part of the moving conveyor  4  but instead interacts with money items  14  on the moving conveyor  14  to direct them into the exit  3 . For example, as shown in  FIGS. 21 and 22 , the ejecting surface  23  may be located on a projection of the static guide  17  which extends across, and is adjacent to, the money item guide supports  12   b  of the conveying members  1  as the members  1  move past the location of the exit  3 . The money items  14  on the conveying members  1  strike the surface  23  of the projection as previously described and are directed into the exit  3  by the angled nature of the ejecting surface  23 . In order to ensure that a money item  14  does not slip through a gap between a conveying member  1  and the ejecting surface  23 , the projection on which the ejecting surface  23  is located and the conveying members  1  may engage with one another as the members  1  pass the exit  3 . For example, as illustrated in  FIGS. 21 and 22 , the upstanding conveying support  12   a  of each conveying member  1  may comprise one or more longitudinal channels  24  which engage with corresponding longitudinal ridges  25  on which the ejecting surface  23  is located as the members  1  pass the exit  3 . 
     The ejecting surface  23  allows the money items  14  to be ejected over the same edge  8  of the conveyor  4  from which they were initially received. This is advantageous because it allows the money items  14  to be transported around the conveyor  4  on the money item receiving edge  8  side of the guide support  12   b . There is no requirement for the money items  14  to be moved across the guide support  12   b  to the other edge  16  of the conveyor  4 , meaning that there is space there for surplus money items  15  to be released as previously described. The ability to convey the money items  14  on the receiving edge  8  of the conveyor  4  also allows the money items  14  to be moved into the plane of the sensors  22  located adjacent the money item receiving edge  8  of the conveyor  4 , meaning that the money items  14  can be validated or otherwise checked as they move along the conveyor path. 
     Referring to  FIG. 23 , the operation of the conveying system  2 , including that of the conveyors  4 , may be controlled by an electronic controller  26 . The controller  26  comprises an electronic processor  27 , such as a microprocessor  28 , and a computer readable storage medium  28  which stores computer readable instructions in a computer program. The computer readable storage medium  28  may comprise, for example, one or more read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), EPROMs, EEPROMs, Flash memories, magnetic or optical cards or application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Additionally or alternatively, the computer readable storage medium  28  may comprise any type of storage disk, such as one or more floppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs and/or magnetic-optical disks, or any other type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions which can be executed by the processor  27 . The computer readable storage medium(s)  28  is coupled to the processor  27  and other elements of the controller architecture  26  via a computer system bus. The processor  27  is configured to implement the instructions under the control of the program to operate the system  2 . For example, the controller  26  may be communicatively coupled to a power supply  29  of each of the elements of the system  2  so that the controller  26  can cause movement of the conveyor(s)  4  and operation of the other elements of the system  2  as required. 
     For the avoidance of doubt, the controller  26  may include a single processor  27  or may comprise one or more architectures employing multiple processor designs  27  for increased computing capability. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that although the system  2  has been described as comprising two conveyors  4 , the system  2  may alternatively comprise a single conveyor  4 . The aspects of the conveyors  4  and the system  2  described above are equally applicable to one which comprises only a single conveyor  4 . Equally, the aspects are also applicable to a conveying system  2  which comprises more than two conveyors  4 . 
     The sensors  22  have been described as being located on the money item source  5 , e.g. hopper side of the conveyors  4 , rather than being located on the opposite side near the side face  7   a  of the housing  7 . However, an alternative is for the sensors  22  to be located on the opposite side of the conveyors  4  to the money item sources  5 , with the money items  14  being guided through a sensing region which is out of the plane of the conveyors  4  on that opposite side. 
     Additional elements of the system  2  which have not been described above include one or more money item acceptors  30 , which receive money items from an external input  31  in the housing  7  and selectively feed the money items into the hopper(s)  5 . The additional elements may also include one or more money item discriminators  32  attached to the hoppers  5 , which are configured to discriminate between different money items in a hopper  5  and feed the required type of money item onto the conveyor  4 . The use of a discriminator may be convenient if one or more of the hoppers  5  is to contain a plurality of different types of money item, such as different denominations of coin.