Patent Publication Number: US-2017362783-A1

Title: Asphalt milling attachment with adjustable baffle and secure attachment

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
     This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application, Ser. No. 62/350,996 that was filed on Jun. 16, 2016, for an invention titled IMPROVED ASPHALT MILLING ATTACHMENT WITH ADJUSTABLE BAFFLE AND SECURE ATTACHMENT, which is incorporated herein by this reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to systems and methods for milling asphalt. More specifically, the present invention relates to improved systems and methods that provide both an adjustable baffle and secure attachment. 
     Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described below. Use of the term “exemplary” means illustrative or by way of example only, and any reference herein to “the invention” is not intended to restrict or limit the invention to exact features or steps of any one or more of the exemplary embodiments disclosed in the present specification. References to “exemplary embodiment,” “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “various embodiments,” and the like, may indicate that the embodiment(s) of the invention so described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Further, repeated use of the phrase “in one embodiment,” or “in an exemplary embodiment,” do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although they may. 
     2. The Relevant Technology 
     Pavement milling is currently employed to remove existing pavement for reconstruction, resurfacing, or reuse. Known pavement milling assemblies are either self-propelled or are attachments that are connected to a drivable construction vehicle, such as a front end loader, forward of the wheels or tracks thereof. The construction vehicle (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the “host vehicle”) then propels the pavement milling attachment over pavement preselected for milling. 
     Early pavement milling attachments have had drawbacks. However, some of those drawbacks have been resolved recently, but other drawbacks remain unsolved. 
     For example, early pavement milling assemblies reliably retained the pavement material being milled only when the depth of the cut of the pavement material to be milled was set at the maximum milling depth attainable. Otherwise, such early pavement milling assemblies permitted dislodged paving material that was being pulverized into granules to escape from the milling assembly, becoming lost or unusable. However, U.S. Pat. No. 8,177,456 issued to Haroldsen (“Haroldsen &#39;456”) resolved this drawback with a pavement milling assembly that allows pavement being milled to remain confined within a milling region circumscribed by a milling frame. The teachings of the Haroldsen &#39;456 reference are incorporated herein by this reference. 
     Also, most early pavement milling attachments are supported in part on a wheel, wheels, or a skid plate that upholds the front end of the pavement milling attachment on the surface of the pavement to be milled in the direction of the forward travel of the pavement milling attachment itself. This support of the early pavement milling attachments on a relatively small area of pavement about to be milled determined the depth at which milling occurred. Unfortunately, as the propelling host vehicle drove these early pavement milling attachments from behind, it was difficult to precisely control the depth at which pavement milling occurred. Maintaining the desired milling depth was resolved by U.S. Pat. No. 8,398,176 issued to Haroldsen et al. (“Haroldsen &#39;176”), wherein a rotating hood provided both depth control and bit access by rotating the hood to lift or lower the milling drum. The teachings of the Haroldsen &#39;176 reference are incorporated herein by this reference. 
     Nevertheless, drawbacks are still being encountered by pavement milling attachments. For example, existing pavement milling attachments are often damaged by large chunks of pavement or oversized rocks that are dislodged during milling or such large chunks of pavement or oversized rocks may become wedged, causing milling stoppage. Such damage and/or wedged clogging of the milling drum can affect the uniformity of the milling or cause significant down time to dislodge wedged material and/or to repair the damage caused. 
     Also, the propelling host vehicles have experienced difficulty in maintaining the connection between the host vehicle and the pavement milling attachment, causing the connection to drift, to adjust, or to be temporarily lost. If the depth of pavement milling is to be maintained constant, the occurrence of such exigencies require repeated corrective adjustments and accommodations to the host vehicle and to the attachment between the host vehicle and the pavement milling attachment. The efficiency of the milling process may be compromised costing time and expense if the connection of the host vehicle to the pavement milling attachment is not secure. 
     Accordingly, a need exists for an improved system and method for resolving these drawbacks while maintaining depth control and bit access. Such improved systems and methods are disclosed herein. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The embodiments of the present disclosure have been developed in response to the present state of the art, and in particular, in response to the problems and needs in the art that have not yet been fully solved by currently available pavement milling attachments. 
     According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a pavement milling attachment upholds a rotating pavement milling drum as the pavement milling attachment travels over pavement preselected for milling. The pavement milling attachment includes a sled-like portion with laterally-separated left and right runners, each of which has a lead end oriented toward the front of the pavement milling attachment and a lower face configured for sliding travel on the surface of the pavement. 
     A milling frame is mounted between the runners. The milling frame circumscribes a milling region in which rotation of the milling drum dislodges pavement located in the path of forward travel of the pavement milling attachment, pulverizes dislodged pavement, and deposits pulverized pavement to the rear of the milling drum. The milling frame itself includes left and right milling region sidewalls that extend upwardly from the floor of the pavement milling attachment on opposite sides of the milling region and a discharge baffle between the milling region sidewalls at the rear of the milling region. The proximity of the discharge baffle to the milling drum is adjustable so that a desired space between the milling drum and discharge baffle, needed for optimum pulverization, is maintained as the milling depth is adjusted by raising and lowering the milling drum. 
     The discharge baffle pivots about hinge pins and has slide pins and slot pins that travel along curved slots in the milling region sidewalls at the rear of the milling region. The pivoting of the discharge baffle may be controlled hydraulically. In this manner, the discharge baffle may be moved forward and rearward depending on and coordinated with the cutting depth of the milling drum to maintain the desired space between the milling drum and the discharge plate. The discharge baffle also may be pivoted out of the way preventively to allow a large chunk of pavement or an oversized rock to pass through and be discharged without wedging between the milling drum and the discharge baffle. This preventive pivoting of the discharge baffle may be initiated manually or may be automatically initiated if a threshold resistance in the rotation of the milling drum is sensed and maintained for a predetermined amount of time. 
     The hood encasing the milling drum may have a bit access assembly comprising a bit access hatch that opens to permit access to the milling bits and to pavement chunks or oversized rocks that may get wedged between the hood and the milling drum. In the past, the bit access hatch has had one or more latches to secure the bit access hatch to the hood. However, when a large rock or other hard object passed through the milling chamber, the obstruction could break the latch(es) and bend the bit access hatch or hood. With some embodiments of the present disclosure, extendable/retractable cylinders such as hydraulic cylinders, pneumatic cylinders, and the like may be used as a component part of the bit access assembly. For example, hydraulic clamping by the same hydraulic cylinders that are used to open the bit access hatch may be used. In this manner, the bit access hatch is held closed with a predetermined pressure setting that is below what otherwise would bend or break the bit access hatch. If any oversized obstruction (rock or pavement chunk, for example) is encountered and the predetermined pressure is exceeded, the bit access hatch pops open momentarily to allow the obstruction to pass through, and then automatically resets and closes so the bit access hatch is not damaged. In this manner, significant down time is avoided. 
     According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a pavement milling attachment may include a connection securing assembly that secures the host vehicle bucket within the pavement milling attachment&#39;s bucket slot. The connection securing assembly may comprise one or more retention tethers of a length sufficient to wrap around the backside of the host vehicle bucket. Each retention tether, such as a chain or metal cable, may have a latching hook (or any other suitable fastener) at a distal end and may be connected to an actuator at a proximal end. To secure the host vehicle bucket within the bucket slot, each retention tether extends about the backside of the bucket and the latching hook captures the upper edge of the bucket. Then each of the retention tethers is tightened by activating the actuator (such as shortening the length of a hydraulic cylinder) and pulling the retention tether taut. In this manner, the connection between the pavement milling attachment and the host vehicle is maintained against drift, slippage, adjustment, or disengagement. The retention tethers may be removed rapidly and easily by reversing the actuator to loosen the retention tethers so that the latching hooks or other fasteners will release. Such retention tethers should have the strength to hold the bucket against the milling attachment. Chains, metal cables, and the like may be used, particularly if they have minimal stretch when pulled taut. 
     Moreover, retention chains or cables securing the bucket within the bucket slot may be held hydraulically by the actuator rather than a load binder. If held by a load binder only, should the host vehicle operator curl the bucket downward while the milling attachment is on the ground, the leverage of the bucket may exert enough force to break the chain, cable, and/or the load binder. However, with the retention chain or cable hydraulically actuated, the actuator may allow the retention chain or cable to give so that the strength of the retention chain or cable is not exceeded. Again, significant down time may be avoided by preventing the retention chain, cable, and/or the load binder from breaking. 
     The teachings of the present disclosure provide a pavement milling attachment that allows pavement being milled to remain confined in a controlled milling region, where full and uniform pavement particle pulverization can be effected. As a result, installed pavement can be milled into any desirable size. Material size is controlled by limiting the amount of pavement released at the rear of the pavement milling attachment. The pavement milling attachment of the present disclosure also improves control of milling depth by controlling and stabilizing the milling space to effect full pulverization at the desired milling depth and by maintaining a secure connection between the pavement milling attachment and the host vehicle. 
     These and other features of the present disclosure will become more fully apparent from the following description and the related drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In order that the manner of obtaining the above-recited and other features and advantages of the pavement milling attachment of this disclosure will be readily understood, a description is rendered with reference to exemplary embodiments which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only exemplary embodiments and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope. The accompanying drawings are: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a prior art pavement milling attachment showing the connection to a host vehicle; 
         FIG. 2  is a section view of the prior art pavement milling attachment of  FIG. 1  showing the proximity of the milling drum and the discharge baffle; 
         FIG. 3  is a side view of an exemplary embodiment of a pavement milling attachment of the present disclosure connected to a host vehicle bucket and with the left sidewall removed to better show the device in a shallow depth configuration; 
         FIG. 4  is a side view of the exemplary embodiment of the pavement milling attachment in  FIG. 3  with the left sidewall removed to better show the device in a full depth configuration; 
         FIG. 5  is a cut-away perspective view of the inside of the left sidewall of an exemplary embodiment of the pavement milling attachment showing the discharge baffle; 
         FIG. 6  is a cut-away perspective view of the outside of the right sidewall of an exemplary embodiment of the pavement milling attachment showing an actuator for controlling the adjustment of the discharge baffle; 
         FIG. 7  is a cut-away perspective view of an exemplary bit access hatch closed over the milling drum hood of an exemplary embodiment of the pavement milling attachment; 
         FIG. 8  is a cut-away perspective view of the exemplary bit access hatch of  FIG. 7  opened to reveal access to the milling bits; and 
         FIG. 9  is a side view of another exemplary embodiment of a pavement milling attachment with the left sidewall present 3 showing the connection securing assembly engaging a host vehicle bucket within a bucket slot. 
     
    
    
     REFERENCE NUMBERS 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 host vehicle 10 
                 pavement milling attachment 12 
               
               
                   
                 pavement 14 
                 curb 16 
               
               
                   
                 sled-like portion 18 
                 superstructure 20 
               
               
                   
                 milling drum 21 
                 milling drum hood 22 
               
               
                   
                 drive train hood 24 
                 left runner 26 
               
               
                   
                 right runner 28 
                 lead end 30 
               
               
                   
                 discharge baffle 32 
                 fragments 34 
               
               
                   
                 milling region 36 
                 milling chamber 37 
               
               
                   
                 rear wall 38 
                 sidewalls 40 
               
               
                   
                 exit gate 42 
                 upper edge 44 
               
               
                   
                 hinges 46 
                 apertures 48 
               
               
                   
                 discharge bed 49 
                 upper baffle 50 
               
               
                   
                 lower baffle 52 
                 hinge pins 53 
               
               
                   
                 slide pins 54 
                 curved slots 56 
               
               
                   
                 baffle actuator 58 
                 slot pins 60 
               
               
                   
                 upper slots 62 
                 bit access hatch 64 
               
               
                   
                 milling bits 65 
                 hydraulic cylinder(s) 66 
               
               
                   
                 connection securing assembly 70 
                 host vehicle bucket 72 
               
               
                   
                 bucket slot 74 
                 retention chains 76 
               
               
                   
                 latching hook 78 
                 actuator 80 
               
               
                   
                 eyelet end 81 
                 upper edge 82 
               
               
                   
                 depth D 
                 forward motion M 
               
               
                   
                 rotation R 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Exemplary embodiments of the pavement milling attachment of this disclosure will be best understood by reference to the drawings, wherein like parts are designated by like numerals throughout. It will be readily understood that the components of the exemplary embodiments, as generally described and depicted in the figures, could be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following description of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, as represented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but is merely representative of exemplary embodiments. 
     While the various aspects of exemplary embodiments are presented in drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated. 
     In this application, the phrases “connected to”, “coupled to”, and “in communication with” refer to any form of interaction between two or more entities, including mechanical, capillary, electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, pneumatic, hydraulic, fluidic, and thermal interactions. 
     The phrases “attached to”, “secured to”, and “mounted to” refer to a form of mechanical coupling that restricts relative translation or rotation between the attached, secured, or mounted objects, respectively. The phrase “slidably attached to” refers to a form of mechanical coupling that permits relative translation, respectively, while restricting other relative motions. The phrase “attached directly to” refers to a form of securement in which the secured items are in direct contact and retained in that state of securement. 
     The term “abutting” refers to items that are in direct physical contact with each other, although the items may not be attached together. The term “grip” refers to items that are in direct physical contact with one of the items firmly holding the other. The term “integrally formed” refers to a body that is manufactured as a single piece, without requiring the assembly of constituent elements. Multiple elements may be integrally formed with each other, when attached directly to each other from a single work piece. Thus, elements that are “coupled to” each other may be formed together as a single piece. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , a prior art pavement milling attachment is depicted.  FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a host vehicle  10  attached to the rear of a prior art embodiment of a pavement milling attachment  12 . The host vehicle  10  causes the pavement milling attachment  12  to travel in a forward motion M indicated in order to mill a portion of pavement  14  that is located adjacent to a concrete curb  16 . 
     The pavement milling attachment  12  includes a sled-like portion  18  that upholds a complex superstructure  20  that includes the active components of pavement milling attachment  12 . These active components of pavement milling assembly  12  include a pavement milling drum  21  and a drive train operably connected therewith to cause rotation thereof. Each is concealed in  FIG. 1 , respectively, by a milling drum hood  22  and by a drive train hood  24 . Along with the active components of superstructure  20 , the milling drum hood  22  and drive train hood  24  are ultimately carried during travel of pavement milling attachment  12  by sled-like portion  18 . 
     The sled-like portion  18  travels on the surface of pavement  14  on a left runner  26  that is fully visible in  FIG. 1  and on a right runner  28  (shown in  FIG. 2 ). Left runner  26  and right runner  28  are laterally separated from each other by a distance that is approximately equal to or greater than the width of superstructure  20 . Left runner  26  has an upwardly turned lead end  30  that is oriented toward the front of the sled-like portion  18 . Similarly, right runner  28  has an upwardly turned lead end  30  that is also oriented toward front of the sled-like portion  18 . 
     By contacting the surface of pavement  14  over a relative extensive area, left runner  26  and right runner  28  together function to average out irregularities in the surface of pavement  14  and maintain the rotating pavement milling drum  21  inside pavement milling attachment  12  in a relatively invariant vertical relationship to pavement  14 . This results in a uniform depth to the pavement milling effected by the travel of pavement milling attachment  12  caused by the host vehicle  10 , so long as the connection between the pavement milling attachment  12  and host vehicle  10  does not drift, adjust, or become disengaged. Left runner  26  and right runner  28  also function to hold in place the portions of pavement  14  located directly there beneath, which the rotating pavement milling drum  21  inside pavement milling attachment  12  dislodges and pulverizes the portion of pavement  14  between left runner  26  and right runner  28 . This contributes to the creation of straight sides to the trench cut into pavement  14  by the pavement milling action of pavement milling attachment  12  in traveling there over. 
       FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional elevation view of the prior art pavement milling attachment  12   FIG. 1 . For clarity, the drive train and drive train hood  24  have been omitted  FIG. 2  and the remaining figures so not to obscure the features of the present disclosure. Milling drum  21  engages the pavement  14  in milling rotation R and can be seen enclosed by milling drum hood  22 . Milling drum  21  accordingly cuts a trench in a milling region  36  through installed pavement  14  to a milling depth D, which may be adjusted by changing the height of milling drum  21  within pavement milling attachment  12 . The milling drum hood  22  and a discharge baffle  32  retain loose pavement particles or fragments  34  within a milling chamber  37  to effect full pulverization. 
     The discharge baffle  32  prevents the escape of dislodged fragments  34  of pavement  14  from the rear of pavement milling sled  18 . 
     Discharge baffle  32  includes a rear wall  38  that is rigidly secured between right and left milling region sidewalls  40 . Rear wall  38  does not extend as far downwardly as do the milling region sidewalls  40 . The adjustable portion of discharge baffle  32  is a pulverized pavement exit gate  42 . The exit gate  42  depends by its upper edge  44  on a pair of hinges  46  that are attached to the rearward side of rear wall  38 . Consequently, the exit gate  42  can be pivoted about the hinges  46 . In this manner, the exit gate  42  may be positioned to achieve discrete clearances by engaging apertures  48  with pins (not shown) cooperating to retain the exit gate  42  in one of the predetermined orientations. The pavement fragments  34  are deposited in a discharge bed  49  that is leveled as exit gate  42  passes over the discharged pavement fragments  34 . 
     With reference to  FIGS. 3 and 4 , side elevation views of an exemplary embodiment of the pavement milling attachment  12  of the present disclosure are depicted in a shallow milling configuration ( FIG. 3 ) and a full depth milling configuration ( FIG. 4 ). The pavement milling attachment  12  upholds a rotating pavement milling drum  21  as the pavement milling attachment  12  travels over pavement  14  (not shown, but as seen in  FIGS. 1 and 2 ) preselected for milling. The pavement milling attachment  12  includes a sled-like portion  18  with laterally-separated left and right runners  26 ,  28  (not shown, but as seen in  FIGS. 1 and 2 ), each of which has a lead end  30  (not shown, but as seen in  FIGS. 1 and 2 ) oriented toward the front of the pavement milling attachment  12  and a lower face configured for sliding travel on the surface of the pavement  14 . 
     A milling frame is mounted between the runners  26 ,  28 . The milling frame circumscribes a milling region  36  in which rotation of the milling drum  21  dislodges pavement  14  located in the path of forward travel of the pavement milling attachment  12 , pulverizes dislodged pavement  14 , and deposits pulverized pavement fragments  34  into the discharge bed  49  to the rear of the milling drum  21 . (See  FIG. 2 ). The milling frame itself includes left and right milling region sidewalls  40  that extend upwardly from the floor of the pavement milling attachment  12  on opposite sides of the milling region  36  and a discharge baffle  32  between the milling region sidewalls  40  rearward of the milling region  36 . The proximity of the discharge baffle  32  to the milling drum  21  is adjustable so that a desired space between the milling drum  21  and discharge baffle  32 , needed for optimum pulverization, is maintained as the milling depth D is adjusted by raising and lowering the milling drum  21 . 
     The discharge baffle  32  has an upper baffle  50  and a lower baffle  52  that overlap and telescopically slide to adjust the height of the discharge baffle  32  as the discharge baffle  32  pivots about hinge pins  53 . The lower baffle  52  has slide pins  54  that travel along lower slots, such as the curved slots  56  depicted in the milling region sidewalls  40  rearward of the milling region  36 . The pivoting of the discharge baffle  32  may be controlled by a baffle actuator  58  (such as the hydraulic cylinder shown) that moves the upper baffle  50  by sliding one or more slot pins  60  within one or more upper slots  62 . In this manner, the discharge baffle  32  may be moved forward and rearward depending on and coordinated with the cutting depth D of the milling drum  21  to maintain the desired space between the milling drum  21  and the discharge baffle  32 . The discharge baffle  32  also may be pivoted out of the way preventively (by fully extending the baffle actuator  58 ) to allow a large chunk of pavement  14  or an oversized rock to pass through and be discharged without wedging between the milling drum  21  and the discharge baffle  32 . This preventive pivoting of the discharge baffle  32  may be initiated manually or may be automatically initiated if a threshold resistance in the rotation of the milling drum  21  is sensed and maintained for a predetermined amount of time. 
       FIGS. 5 and 6  depict the adjustable discharge baffle  32  and the slidable engagement of the slide pins  54  within the lower slots depicted as curved slots  56 .  FIG. 5  is a cut-away perspective view of the inside of the left sidewall  40  and  FIG. 6  is a cut-away perspective view of the outside of the right sidewall  40 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 3, 4, 7, and 8 , the hood  22  encasing the milling drum  21  may have a bit access assembly that includes a bit access hatch  64  that opens to permit access to the milling bits  65  and to pavement chunks or oversized rocks that may have wedged between the hood  22  and the milling drum  21  within the milling chamber  37 . The bit access assembly may have one or more extendable/retractable cylinders such as hydraulic cylinders  66  to secure the bit access hatch  64  to the hood  22 . If any oversized obstruction (rock or pavement chunk, for example) is encountered, the hydraulic cylinder(s)  66  pop open the bit access hatch  64  momentarily, and then automatically reset and close the bit access hatch  64  so the hood  22  and/or the bit access hatch  64  are not damaged and the obstruction may rapidly pass through the milling chamber  37 . Additionally, the bit access hatch  64  may be opened and closed hydraulically for maintenance of the milling bits  65  or cleaning. 
       FIG. 9  shows a connection securing assembly  70  attached to the rear of the pavement milling attachment  12  that secures a host vehicle bucket  72  within the pavement milling attachment&#39;s bucket slot  74 . The connection securing assembly  70  may comprise one or more retention tethers such as retention chains  76  of a length sufficient to wrap around the backside of the host vehicle bucket  72 , each retention chain  76  having a latching hook  78  (or any other suitable fastener) at one end and being connected to an actuator  80  at the other end. To secure the host vehicle bucket  72  within the bucket slot  74 , each retention chain  76  extends through an opening in an eyelet end  81  (to restrain the lateral displacement of the retention chain  76 ) and about the backside of the bucket  72 . Attached to the end of each retention chain  76  is a latching hook  78  that captures the upper edge  82  of the bucket  72 . Then each of the retention chains  76  is tightened by activating the actuator  80  (such as shortening the length of a hydraulic cylinder) and pulling the retention chain  76  taut against the bucket  72 . In this manner, the connection between the pavement milling attachment  12  and the host vehicle  10  is maintained against drift, slippage, adjustment, or disengagement. The retention chains  76  may be removed rapidly and easily by reversing the actuator  80  to loosen the retention chains  76  so that the latching hooks  78  will release. 
     Additionally, because the bucket  72  may exert leveraged force upon the retention chain(s)  76  sufficient to break the retention chain(s)  76 , the actuator  80  may be pre-set to a threshold pressure that will allow the retention chain(s)  76  to give so that the strength of the retention chain(s)  76  is/are not exceeded while maintaining a taut securement of the bucket  72 . When the force of the bucket  72  is reduced below the threshold pressure, the actuator  80  automatically resets and draws the retention chain(s)  76  taut. 
     The teachings of the present disclosure provide a pavement milling attachment  12  that allows pavement  14  being milled to remain confined in a controlled milling chamber  37 , where full and uniform pavement fragment  34  pulverization can be effected. As a result, installed pavement  14  may be milled into fragments  34  of any desirable size. Milled pavement fragment  34  size is controlled by limiting the amount of pavement fragments  34  released into the discharge bed  49  at the rear of the pavement milling attachment  12 , and this is done by controlling the space between the milling drum  21  and the discharge baffle  32 . The pavement milling attachment  12  of the present disclosure also improves control of milling depth D by controlling and stabilizing the milling space to effect full pulverization at the desired milling depth D and by maintaining a secure connection between the pavement milling attachment  12  and the host vehicle  10 . 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present embodiments are exemplary only and that the individual components of each improvement for the pavement milling attachment  12  may be configured in any of a number of ways and may be included or not within the pavement milling attachment  12 . 
     For exemplary methods or processes of the invention, the sequence and/or arrangement of steps described herein are illustrative and not restrictive. Accordingly, it should be understood that, although steps of various processes or methods may be shown and described as being in a sequence or temporal arrangement, the steps of any such processes or methods are not limited to being carried out in any particular sequence or arrangement, absent an indication otherwise. Indeed, the steps in such processes or methods generally may be carried out in various different sequences and arrangements while still falling within the scope of the present invention. 
     Additionally, any references to advantages, benefits, unexpected results, or operability of the present invention are not intended as an affirmation that the invention has been previously reduced to practice or that any testing has been performed. Likewise, unless stated otherwise, use of verbs in the past tense (present perfect or preterit) is not intended to indicate or imply that the invention has been previously reduced to practice or that any testing has been performed. 
     Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described above. No element, act, or instruction used in this description should be construed as important, necessary, critical, or essential to the invention unless explicitly described as such. Although only a few of the exemplary embodiments have been described in detail herein, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in these exemplary embodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of this invention. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the appended claims. 
     In the claims, any means-plus-function clauses are intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents, but also equivalent structures. Thus, although a nail and a screw may not be structural equivalents in that a nail employs a cylindrical surface to secure wooden parts together, whereas a screw employs a helical surface, in the environment of fastening wooden parts, a nail and a screw may be equivalent structures. Unless the exact language “means for” (performing a particular function or step) is recited in the claims, a construction under Section 112, 6 th  paragraph is not intended. Additionally, it is not intended that the scope of patent protection afforded the present invention be defined by reading into any claim a limitation found herein that does not explicitly appear in the claim itself. 
     While specific embodiments and applications of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise configuration and components disclosed herein. Various modifications, changes, and variations which will be apparent to those skilled in the art may be made in the arrangement, operation, and details of the methods and systems of the present invention disclosed herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present embodiments may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its structures, methods, or other essential characteristics as broadly described herein and claimed hereinafter. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative, and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims, rather than by the foregoing description. All changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.