Patent Publication Number: US-2023157392-A1

Title: Apparel with dynamic vent structure

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application, having attorney docket number 394537/190232US04CON, and entitled “Apparel with Dynamic Vent Structure,” is a continuation of co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 16/988,093, filed Aug. 7, 2020, and entitled “Apparel with Dynamic Vent Structure,” which claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional App. No. 62/924,527, filed Oct. 22, 2019, and entitled “Apparel with Dynamic Vent Structure,” U.S. Provisional App. No. 62/885,589, filed Aug. 12, 2019, and entitled “Apparel with Adaptive Fit,” U.S. Provisional App. No. 62/951,154, filed Dec. 20, 2019, and entitled “Methods, Systems, and Articles for Producing a Film Pattern on a Substrate Material,” and U.S. Provisional App. No. 62/972,426, filed Feb. 10, 2020, and entitled “Apparel with Cling Reduction Features.” The entireties of the aforementioned applications are incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Aspects herein are directed to an article of apparel that utilizes discrete overlay film structures that are responsive to an external stimulus to dynamically transition one or more vent openings from a closed state to an open state. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Vent structures on traditional articles of apparel generally open and close through use of a mechanical structure that requires human manipulation such as a zipper or fastener, passively open and close in response to air flowing in or out of the vent structure, or exist in a static state such as always open. 
     SUMMARY 
     The following clauses represent example aspects of concepts contemplated herein. Any one of the following clauses may be combined in a multiple dependent manner to depend from one or more other clauses. Further, any combination of dependent clauses (clauses that explicitly depend from a previous clause) may be combined while staying within the scope of aspects contemplated herein. The following clauses are examples and are not limiting. 
     Clause 1. An article of apparel comprising: a first panel having a first panel edge; a second panel having a second panel edge, wherein the first panel edge is discontinuously affixed to the second panel edge to form a vent opening having a longitudinal axis; and a plurality of discrete overlay film structures affixed to the second panel, each of the plurality of discrete overlay film structures having a long axis and a short axis, wherein the long axis of the each of the plurality of discrete overlay film structures is oriented substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vent opening, and wherein upon exposure to moisture the plurality of discrete overlay film structures undergo an increase in dimension in at least a z-direction to cause the vent opening to transition from a closed state to an open state. 
     Clause 2. The article of apparel according to clause 1, wherein the plurality of discrete overlay film structures are not affixed to the first panel. 
     Clause 3. The article of apparel according to any of clauses 1 through 2, wherein the plurality of discrete overlay film structures are affixed to an inner-facing surface of the second panel. 
     Clause 4. The article of apparel according to any of clauses 1 through 3, wherein the plurality of discrete overlay film structures are affixed to an outer-facing surface of the second panel. 
     Clause 5. The article of apparel according to any of clauses 1 through 4, wherein the plurality of discrete overlay film structures comprise a thermoplastic polyester elastomer. 
     Clause 6. The article of apparel according to any of clauses 1 through 5, wherein the each of the plurality of discrete overlay film structures has a thickness from about 30 microns to about 50 microns. 
     Clause 7. The article of apparel according to any of clauses 1 through 6, wherein the longitudinal axis of the vent opening extends in a first direction. 
     Clause 8. The article of apparel according to clause 7, wherein when the plurality of discrete overlay film structures are exposed to moisture, the second panel undergoes a decrease in dimension in the first direction. 
     Clause 9. The article of apparel according to any of clauses 1 through 8, wherein the plurality of discrete overlay film structures are affixed to the second panel at a location adjacent to the vent opening. 
     Clause 10. The article of apparel according to any of clauses 1 through 9, wherein the article of apparel is an upper-body garment. 
     Clause 11. The article of apparel according to any of clauses 1 through 9, wherein the article of apparel is a lower-body garment. 
     Clause 12. An article of apparel comprising: a first panel having a first panel edge; a second panel having a second panel edge, wherein the first panel edge is discontinuously affixed to the second panel edge to form a vent opening having a longitudinal axis extending in a first direction; and a plurality of discrete overlay film structures affixed to the second panel, wherein upon exposure to moisture the plurality of discrete overlay film structures undergo a change in dimension in at least a z-direction to cause the second panel to undergo a decrease in dimension in the first direction thereby transitioning the vent opening from a closed state to an open state. 
     Clause 13. The article of apparel according to clause 12, wherein each of the plurality of discrete overlay film structures includes a long axis and a short axis. 
     Clause 14. The article of apparel according to clause 13, wherein the long axis of the each of the plurality of discrete overlay film structures is oriented substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vent opening. 
     Clause 15. The article of apparel according to any of clauses 12 through 14, wherein the plurality of discrete overlay film structures are not affixed to the first panel. 
     Clause 16. The article of apparel according to any of clauses 12 through 15, wherein the first panel does not undergo a decrease in dimension in the first direction when the plurality of discrete overlay film structures are exposed to moisture. 
     Clause 17. The article of apparel according to any of clauses 12 through 16, wherein the plurality of discrete overlay film structures comprise a thermoplastic polyester elastomer. 
     Clause 18. The article of apparel according to any of clauses 12 through 17, wherein each of the plurality of discrete overlay film structures has a thickness from about 30 microns to about 50 microns. 
     Clause 19. A method of manufacturing an article of apparel having a vent opening, the method of manufacturing comprising: discontinuously affixing a first panel edge of a first panel to a second panel edge of a second panel to form the vent opening, the vent opening having a longitudinal axis, wherein the first panel and the second panel at least partially form the article of apparel; and affixing a plurality of discrete overlay film structures to the second panel, each of the plurality of discrete overlay film structures including a long axis and a short axis, and wherein the long axes of the plurality of discrete overlay film structures are affixed to be substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vent opening. 
     Clause 20. The method of manufacturing the article of apparel having the vent opening according to clause 19, wherein the plurality of discrete overlay film structures are affixed to the second panel at a location adjacent to the vent opening. 
     Clause 21. A textile comprising: a slit extending from a first surface of the textile to a second opposite surface of the textile, the slit comprising a first edge, an opposing second edge, a first end, a second end, and a longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end; a first plurality of discrete overlay film structures positioned adjacent to the first edge of the slit; and a second plurality of discrete overlay film structures positioned adjacent to the second edge of the slit, wherein each of the first plurality of discrete overlay film structures and each of the second plurality of discrete overlay film structures includes a long axis and a short axis, and wherein the long axes of the each of the first plurality of discrete overlay film structures and the each of the second plurality of discrete overlay film structures are oriented substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the slit. 
     Clause 22. The textile according to clause 21, wherein when the textile is exposed to an external stimulus, the first plurality of discrete overlay film structures and the second plurality of discrete overlay film structures undergo an increase in dimension in at least the z-direction to cause the slit to transition from a closed state to an open state. 
     Clause 23. The textile according to any of clauses 21 through 22, wherein the first plurality of discrete overlay film structures and the second plurality of discrete overlay film structures comprise a thermoplastic polyester elastomer. 
     Clause 24. The textile according to any of clauses 21 through 23, wherein the first plurality of discrete overlay film structures and the second plurality of discrete overlay film structures have a thickness from about 30 microns to about 50 microns. 
     Clause 25. The textile according to any of clauses 21 through 24, wherein the longitudinal axis of the slit extends in a first direction. 
     Clause 26. The textile according to clause 25, wherein when the first plurality of discrete overlay film structures and the second plurality of discrete overlay film structures are exposed to the external stimulus, the first edge and the second edge of the slit undergo a decrease in dimension in the first direction. 
     Clause 27. The textile according to any of clauses 21 through 26, wherein the textile is incorporated into an upper-body garment. 
     Clause 28. The textile according to any of clauses 21 through 26, wherein the textile is incorporated into a lower-body garment. 
     Clause 29. A textile construction comprising a first panel of material having a first plurality of apertures extending therethrough; a second panel of material positioned adjacent to the first panel of material, the second panel of material having a second plurality of apertures extending therethrough, wherein the first plurality of apertures are at least partially offset from the second plurality of apertures when the textile construction is in a closed state; and an overlay film structure affixed to and extending across a width of a first end of the second panel of material, wherein when the textile construction is exposed to moisture, the overlay film structure undergoes an increase in dimension in at least a z-direction to cause the second panel of material to shift in a lengthwise direction which at least partially aligns the second plurality of apertures with the first plurality of apertures to transition the textile construction to an open state. 
     Clause 30. The textile construction according to clause 29, wherein the first end of the second panel of material includes a first edge that is affixed to the first panel of material. 
     Clause 31. The textile construction according to any of clauses 29 through 30, wherein a first set of additional edges of the second panel of material are affixed to the first panel of material. 
     Clause 32. The textile construction according to any of clauses 29 through 31, wherein a second set of additional edges of the second panel of material are unaffixed from the first panel of material. 
     Clause 33. The textile construction according to any of clauses 29 through 32, wherein the overlay film structure is a thermoplastic polyester elastomer. 
     Clause 34. The textile construction according to any of clauses 29 through 33, wherein the overlay film structure has a thickness from about 30 microns to about 50 microns. 
     Clause 35. The textile construction according to any of clauses 29 through 24, wherein the overlay film structure includes a long axis and a short axis, and wherein the long axis of the overlay film structure extends across the width of the first end of the second panel of material. 
     Clause 36. The textile construction according to clause 35, wherein when the textile construction is exposed to moisture, the second panel of material shifts in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the long axis of the overlay film structure. 
     Clause 37. The textile construction according to any of clauses 29 through 36, wherein the textile construction is incorporated into an upper-body garment. 
     Clause 38. The textile construction according to any of clauses 29 through 36, wherein the textile construction is incorporated into a lower-body garment. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Examples of aspects herein are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein: 
         FIG.  1 A  illustrates a perspective view of a first surface of an example textile having a plurality of discrete overlay film structures before the textile is exposed to an external stimulus in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  1 B  illustrates a perspective view of a second opposite surface of the textile of  FIG.  1 A  in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  1 C  illustrates a cross-sectional view of the textile of  FIG.  1 A  taken along cut line  1 C- 1 C in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  1 D  illustrates a cross-sectional view of the textile of  FIG.  1 A  taken along cut line  1 D- 1 D in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  2 A  illustrates a perspective view of the first surface of the textile of  FIG.  1 A  after the textile is exposed to the external stimulus in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  2 B  illustrates a perspective view of the second opposite surface of the textile of  FIG.  2 A  in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  2 C  illustrates a cross-sectional view of the textile of  FIG.  2 A  taken along cut line  2 C- 2 C in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  2 D  illustrates a cross-sectional view of the textile of  FIG.  2 A  taken along cut line  2 D- 2 D in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  3 A  illustrates a front view of an example upper-body garment having a plurality of discrete overlay film structures and an example vent opening in a closed state before the upper-body garment is exposed to an external stimulus in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  3 B  illustrates a front view of the upper-body garment of  FIG.  3 A  after the upper-body garment is exposed to the external stimulus and the vent opening has transitioned to an open state in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  3 C  illustrates a cross-section taken along cut line  3 C- 3 C of  FIG.  3 A  showing the vent opening in the closed state in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  3 D  illustrates a cross-section taken along cut line  3 D- 3 D of  FIG.  3 B  showing the vent opening in the open state in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  3 E  illustrates a view taken along a longitudinal axis of the vent opening of  FIG.  3 A  in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  3 F  illustrates a view taken along the longitudinal axis of the vent opening of  FIG.  3 B  in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  4 A  illustrates a back view of an example upper-body garment having a plurality of discrete overlay film structures and an example vent opening in a closed state before the upper-body garment is exposed to an external stimulus in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  4 B  illustrates a back view of the upper-body garment of  FIG.  4 A  after the upper-body garment is exposed to the external stimulus and the vent opening has transitioned to an open state in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  5 A  illustrates a front view of an example lower-body garment having a plurality of discrete overlay film structures and an example vent opening in a closed state before the lower-body garment is exposed to an external stimulus in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  5 B  illustrates a front view of the lower-body garment of  FIG.  5 A  after the lower-body garment is exposed to the external stimulus and the vent opening has transitioned to an open state in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIGS.  6 A- 6 B  illustrate different shape configurations for the overlay film structures in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  7 A  illustrates a side view of an example textile having overlay film structures with different thicknesses before the textile is exposed to an external stimulus in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  7 B  illustrates a side view of the textile of  FIG.  7 A  after the textile is exposed to the external stimulus in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  8    illustrates a flow diagram of an example method of manufacturing an article of apparel that includes discrete overlay film structures and a vent opening in accordance with aspects herein.; 
         FIG.  9 A  illustrates an example textile before being exposed to an external stimulus, where the textile has a slit and overlay film structures positioned adjacent to the slit in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  9 B  illustrates the textile of  FIG.  9 A  after being exposed to the external stimulus and with the slit in an open state in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  10 A  illustrates a textile construction before being exposed to an external stimulus, where the textile construction includes a first panel of material having a first plurality of apertures and a second panel of material having a second plurality apertures that are offset from the first plurality of apertures in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  10 B  illustrates a cross-section taken along cut line  10 B- 10 B of  FIG.  10 A  in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  10 C  illustrates a cross-section taken along cut line  10 C- 10 C of  FIG.  10 A  in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  10 D  illustrates a cross-section taken along cut line  10 D- 10 D of  FIG.  10 A  in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  10 E  illustrates a cross-section taken along cut line  10 E- 10 E of  FIG.  10 A  in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  10 F  illustrates the textile construction of  FIG.  10 A  after being exposed to an external stimulus, where the first plurality of apertures of the first panel are at least partially aligned with the second plurality apertures of the second panel in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  10 G  illustrates a cross-section taken along cut line  10 G- 10 G of  FIG.  10 F  in accordance with aspects herein; 
         FIG.  10 H  illustrates a cross-section taken along cut line  10 H- 10 H of  FIG.  10 F  in accordance with aspects herein; and 
         FIG.  10 I  illustrates a cross-section taken along cut line  10 I- 10 I of  FIG.  10 F  in accordance with aspects herein. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The subject matter of the present invention is described with specificity herein to meet statutory requirements. However, the description itself is not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Rather, the inventors have contemplated that the claimed or disclosed subject matter might also be embodied in other ways, to include different steps or combinations of steps similar to the ones described in this document, in conjunction with other present or future technologies. Moreover, although the terms “step” and/or “block” might be used herein to connote different elements of methods employed, the terms should not be interpreted as implying any particular order among or between various steps herein disclosed unless and except when the order of individual steps is explicitly stated. 
     Vent structures on traditional articles of apparel generally open and close through use of a mechanical structure that requires human manipulation such as a zipper or fastener, passively open and close in response to air flowing in or out of the vent structure, or exist in a static state such as always open. Aspects herein provide for an article of apparel having one or more vent openings that dynamically transition to an open state when the article of apparel is exposed to an external stimulus such as, for example, moisture in the form of perspiration and that dynamically transition to a closed state when the external stimulus is removed. This allows needed venting when, for example, a wearer is exercising and a decrease in venting when the wearer is at rest without any manipulation of the article of apparel and/or the vent opening by the wearer. The dynamic transition of the vent opening between an open and closed state is achieved through use of discrete overlay film structures that are affixed to one of the panels forming the vent opening. The overlay film structures change in dimension (e.g., an increase in the z-direction) when exposed to the external stimulus which causes the underlying panel to undergo a change in dimension (e.g., a decrease in the x-direction) thereby causing the vent opening to dynamically transition to an open state. Once the external stimulus removed, the overlay film structures and the underlying panel return to their pre-exposure dimensions causing the vent opening to transition to a closed state. 
     At a high level, the vent opening is formed by affixing the edges of a first panel and a second panel at a first location and a second location, and not affixing the edges of the first panel and the second panel between the first and second locations, to form the vent opening between the opposing edges. The vent opening has a longitudinal axis extending in a first direction. A plurality of discrete overlay film structures that swell or increase in dimension in response to an external stimulus such as moisture are affixed to the second panel adjacent to the vent opening. The discrete overlay film structures include a long axis and a short axis, and the film structures are oriented so that the long axes of the film structures are oriented substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vent opening. In example aspects, the film structures are not applied to the first panel. When the article of apparel is exposed to the external stimulus, the film structures undergo a change in dimension such as, for example, an increase in height in the z-direction, an increase in length in the y-direction, and/or an increase in width in the x-direction. Because the film structures are fully adhered to the second panel, the change in dimension of the film structures causes the second panel to undergo a decrease in dimension in the first direction (i.e., in line with the longitudinal axis of the vent opening) due to the second panel “puckering” or being tensioned in the z-direction in areas underlying the overlay film structures. Because the first panel does not include any film structures, the first panel does not undergo an appreciable change in dimension when exposed to the external stimulus. 
     The decrease in dimension of the second panel in the first direction due to the overlay film structures and the lack of change in dimension of the first panel causes the vent opening to transition from a closed state to an open state. To state this differently, when the article of apparel is exposed to the external stimulus, the second panel edge decreases in length while the length of the first panel edge remains essentially unchanged resulting in the affixed ends of the first panel edge being tensioned toward one another causing the vent opening to transition to an open state. When the external stimulus is removed, the overlay film structures transition back to their pre-exposure state, the puckering or deformation of the second panel relaxes, and the vent opening transitions to a closed state. 
     As used herein, the term “article of apparel” encompasses any number of products meant to be worn by a wearer including upper-body garments (e.g., shirts, jackets, hoodies, pullovers), lower-body garments (e.g., pants, shorts, leggings), articles of footwear such as shoes or socks, articles of headwear (e.g., hats), gloves, sleeves (e.g., arm sleeves, calf sleeves), and the like. Positional terms used when describing the article of apparel such as front, back, inner-facing surface, outer-facing surface, upper, lower, proximal, distal, medial, lateral, and the like are with respect to the article of apparel being worn as intended with the wearer standing upright. As such, when the article of apparel is in the form of an upper-body garment or a lower-body garment, the front of the article of apparel is configured to cover, for instance, a front torso area, a front arm area, or a front leg area of the wearer, and the back of the article of apparel is configured to cover the back torso area, the back arm area, or the back leg area of the wearer. Similarly, the inner-facing surface of the article of apparel is configured to be in face-sharing contact (defined as a surface of a first substrate that is in contact or near contact with a surface of a second substrate) with a wearer&#39;s skin surface or a base layer, and the outer-facing surface of the article of apparel is configured to face toward the external environment. 
     The term “z-direction” as used herein to describe a dimensional change in, for example, the overlay film structures and/or a panel to which the film structures are affixed means a direction that extends away from the surface of the upper- or lower-body garments in a positive or negative direction. The terms “x-direction” and “y-direction” when referring to, for instance, a change in dimension of the overlay film structures and/or a panel to which the film structures are affixed, means a direction extending along the surface of the upper- or lower-body garments. 
     The term “external stimulus” as used herein encompasses any number of stimuli such as temperature, pressure, moisture, electrical energy, magnetic energy, light, sound, and the like. In one example aspect, the external stimulus is moisture where the moisture can be in the form of liquid water, water vapor, perspiration, and the like. 
     The term “vent opening” as used herein means an opening formed in an article of apparel that provides a fluid (e.g., gas, liquid) communication path between the external environment and the interior of the article of apparel (e.g., the space between the inner-facing surface of the article of apparel and the wearer&#39;s body). The vent opening is formed by affixing panel edges of a first panel and a second panel at spaced-apart securement points. The term “edge” as used herein means a terminal, unaffixed end of a panel. The term “longitudinal axis” used when describing the vent opening is an axis that is parallel to the longest dimension of the vent opening. To state this differently, the “longitudinal axis” of a vent opening linearly extends between adjacent securement points. The term “closed state” when describing the vent opening means a state where the first and second panels and their respective edges are in an abutting relationship at a location between adjacent securement points. The abutting relationship may mean contact between the surfaces of the panels, contact between the respective edges of the panels, or near contact between the surfaces and/or the edges of the first and second panels. The term “open state” when describing the vent opening means a state where the first and second panels and their respective edges are no longer in an abutting relationship at the location between adjacent securement points. For instance, the surfaces and/or edges of the first and second panels may be spaced apart from about 1 mm to about 30 mm. As used herein, the term “about” means within ±5% of a designated value. The term “dynamic” or “dynamically” used when describing the vent opening transitioning from a closed state to an open state or vice versa generally means a mechanical action that occurs without human manipulation of the article of apparel while the article of apparel is unworn, is in a controlled environment (e.g., standard ambient temperature and pressure (25 degrees Celsius and 101.325 kPa of pressure)), and is not subject to wind conditions. 
     The term “first panel” and/or “second panel” as used herein means any textile, material or fabric that is used to form, at least in part, an article of apparel and/or a vent structure on an article of apparel. With respect to the second panel, the degree of puckering or movement of the second panel in the z-direction caused by swelling of the overlay film structures may be dependent on a number of factors associated with the second panel. For example, the degree of movement of the second panel in the z-direction may be dependent on the moisture regain value of the yarn(s) used to form the second panel where moisture regain is defined as the percentage of moisture an oven-dry fiber or filament will absorb from the air when at standard temperature and relative humidity. As an example, when the second panel is formed from yarns having a low moisture regain, such as polyester or nylon, the second panel may undergo a greater degree of deformation or puckering compared to when the second panel is formed from yarns having a high moisture regain, such as cotton. This is because yarns having a high moisture regain will typically absorb moisture causing the yarn to swell or expand which counteracts the tensioning forces generated by the swelling of the overlay film structures and results in a lesser degree of puckering of the second panel. 
     Another factor that influences the degree of movement of the second panel in the z-direction is its weight. In aspects, the second panel may comprise a lightweight fabric (e.g., from about 30 grams per square meter (gsm) to about 150 gsm) or an ultra-lightweight fabric (e.g., from about 10 gsm to about 100 gsm) although heavier weight fabrics are contemplated herein. Lightweight and ultra-lightweight fabric may pucker to a greater degree than heavier weight fabrics. In further example aspects, the degree of movement of the second panel in the z-direction may be dependent on the presence of elastomeric yarns that exhibit stretch and recovery properties such as, for example, Spandex®. When, for example, textile types, textile weights, and textile constructions (e.g., knit or woven) are the same, the presence of elastomeric yarns may cause the second panel to exhibit a greater degree of movement in the z-direction compared to when the second panel does not include elastomeric yarns. Thus, the degree of movement of the second panel in the z-direction may be adjusted based on the type of yarn used to form the second panel, the weight of the second panel, and/or the use of elastomeric yarns in the second panel. 
     The term “discrete overlay film structure” as used herein refers to a film application on the second panel where each film structure is spaced apart on all sides from (i.e., discrete from) an adjacent film structure by an expanse or portion of the second panel. In example aspects, the film is fully adhered to the second panel through, for instance, an intermediate adhesive layer, melting or partially melting the film when applying it to the second panel, and the like. Aspects herein contemplate that the film may comprise any film that expands in one or more of the x-direction, the y-direction, and/or the z-direction when exposed to an external stimulus such as moisture while remaining affixed or adhered to the second panel. In an example aspect, the film may comprise a thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE), and more specifically a poly-butylene terephthalate based (PBT-based) TPEE film that is configured to transport or diffuse moisture from one surface of the film to a second opposite surface of the film. The transport of the moisture may be facilitated by the presence of hydrophilic molecules (molecules that attract or have an affinity for water) within the film where a greater number of hydrophilic molecules may result in a greater transport of moisture. The movement of moisture through the film may be measured using a water vapor transmission test such as, for instance, ASTM E96 B, and in example aspects, the water vapor transmission rate of the film may be from about 600 g/m 2 /day to about 10,000 g/m 2 /day, from about 1,000 g/m 2 /day to about 9,000 g/m 2 /day, from about 3,000 g/m 2 /day to about 8,000 g/m 2 /day, from about 5,000 g/m 2 /day to about 7,000 g/m 2 /day, or about 6,000 g/m 2 /day. An example PBT-based TPEE film is TPEE48 manufactured by Far Eastern New Century Corporation in Taipei, Taiwan. 
     The amount of movement of the underlying second panel in the z-direction caused by the film structures may be dependent on the thickness of the film structures. The amount of movement of the underlying second panel in the z-direction may also be dependent on the surface area of the film structures. Aspects herein contemplate the film structures having a thickness from about 20 microns to about 100 microns, from about 25 microns to about 90 microns, from about 30 microns to about 80 microns, from about 35 microns to about 70 microns, or about 40 microns. In general, a thicker film structure will cause more movement of the second panel in the z-direction than a thinner film structure dependent on the film structure&#39;s thickness being such that moisture is able to diffuse through the film structure within a reasonable time frame. Additionally, a film structure with a greater surface area will cause more deformation of the second panel than a film structure with a smaller surface area. 
     Unless otherwise noted, all measurements provided herein are with the article of apparel in an un-worn, resting state and at standard ambient temperature and pressure. 
       FIG.  1    illustrates a perspective view of a first surface  105  of a textile  100  used to form a vent opening in an article of apparel (e.g., the second panel referenced above) before the textile  100  is exposed to an external stimulus. The textile  100  has a width  112  in the x-direction and a length  114  in the y-direction. The textile  100  includes a plurality of discrete overlay film structures  110 . As shown in the magnified view of  FIG.  1   , the discrete overlay film structures  110  have a generally oval shape with a long axis  115  of each of the film structures  110  oriented in the y-direction and a short axis  117  of each of the film structures  110  oriented in the x-direction; the long axis  115  is longer than the short axis  117 . The dimensions of the long axis  115  and the short axis  117  are variable and dependent upon the intended use of the overlay film structures  110 . The shape and the orientation of the discrete overlay film structures  110  are illustrative only, and other shapes and orientations are contemplated herein. Using multiple, discrete overlay film structures as opposed to a continuous film allows for more exposure of the textile  100  which can provide functional advantages based on the characteristics of the textile  100  such as moisture wicking, permeability, breathability, and the like. Also, use of discrete overlay film structures as opposed to a continuous film allows for fine-tuning of where deformation of the textile  100  is desired. 
     The discrete overlay film structures  110  are shown as being applied in a gradient pattern with a greater concentration of the overlay film structures  110  in a first location  116  adjacent to a first edge  113  of the textile  100  compared to a second location  118  of the textile  100  adjacent to an opposite second edge  119  of the textile  100 . When the textile  100  is incorporated into an article of apparel, the first edge  113  may form, at least in part, the vent opening. The difference in concentration may be due to, for instance, a decrease in the number of film structures  110  per unit area in the second location  118 . The difference in concentration may also be due to a change in the size or surface area of the individual film structures  110  per unit area. As used herein, the term “unit area” means the area of a 1 cm×1 cm square. Applying the film structures  110  in a gradient pattern allows for a customization of the degree of deformation of the textile  100  when the textile  100  is exposed to an external stimulus. For instance, more deformation of the textile  100  may occur in the first location  116  compared to the second location  118 . In example aspects, and as shown, the overlay film structures  110  are applied in a grid pattern having generally linear columns and rows of film structures  110 . Applying the film structures  110  in a grid pattern enables the textile  100  to linearly bend or fold in areas between adjacent columns and/or rows of film structures  110  which, for example, improves pliability of the textile  100 . 
       FIG.  1 B  is a perspective view of a second opposite surface  130  of the textile  100  before the textile  100  is exposed to the external stimulus. As shown, the second surface  130  is generally planar or smooth. In example aspects, the second surface  130  may not include any film structures  110  although it is contemplated herein that film structures  110  may additionally be applied to the second surface  130  of the textile  100 . 
       FIG.  1 C  is a cross-sectional view of the textile  100  in the x-direction (cut line  1 C- 1 C of  FIG.  1 A ), and  FIG.  1 D  is a cross-sectional view of the textile  100  in the y-direction (cut line  1 D- 1 D of  FIG.  1 A ). The film structures  110  have a thickness  140  before being exposed to an external stimulus. As shown, the film structures  110  are affixed to the first surface  105  of the textile  100  and are fully adherent to the textile  100 . 
       FIG.  2 A  is a perspective view of the first surface  105  of the textile  100  after the textile  100  is exposed to an external stimulus. Upon exposure to the external stimulus, the film structures  110  swell and/or increase in dimension primarily in, for example, the positive z-direction. The film structures  110  may also increase in dimension in the positive and/or negative x-direction, and/or the positive and/or negative y-direction (i.e., the film structures  110  omni-directionally expand). When the external stimulus is moisture, and the film structures  110  are formed from a PBT-based TPEE film, the swelling of the film structures  110  may be due to the water molecules diffusing through the film. Because the film structures  110  are adhered to the textile  100 , as the film structures  110  increase in dimension, the film structures  110  may “lift” the textile  100  in the areas underlying the film structures  110  or cause the textile  100  to move in the positive z-direction in the areas underlying the film structures  110 . The result is that the textile  100  “puckers” to form debossed regions  210  that extend concavely away from the second surface  130  of the textile  100  and toward the first surface  105 . This aspect is shown in  FIG.  2 B  which is a depiction of the second surface  130  of the textile  100  after the textile  100  has been exposed to the external stimulus. 
     In example aspects, when exposed to the external stimulus, the film structures  110  may fold or bend more along their long axes  115  and/or parallel to the long axes  115  compared to their short axes  117  resulting in a greater deformation of the textile  100  in the x-direction compared to the y-direction. The greater folding or bending along the long axis  115  may be because there is less volume of the textile  100  to be moved as measured across the short axis  117  of the film structures  110  compared to along the long axis  115  of the film structures  110 . This is shown in  FIG.  2 C  which is a cross-sectional view of the textile  100  in the x-direction of the textile  100  (cut line  2 C- 2 C of  FIG.  2 A ), and  FIG.  2 D  which is a cross-sectional view of the textile  100  in the y-direction (cut line  2 D- 2 D of  FIG.  2 A ). As shown in  FIG.  2 C , after exposure to the external stimulus, the film structures  110  have a thickness  216  where the thickness  216  is greater than the thickness  140 .  FIG.  2 C  further depicts the film structures  110  folding or bending along their long axis  115  causing the underlying textile  100  to also fold or bend in the x-direction which creates the debossed regions  210 . As shown in  FIG.  2 D , there is less folding or bending of the film structures  110  along their short axis  117  and thus less deformation of the textile  100  in the y-direction. Based on the cumulative effect of the debossed regions  210 , the overall width  112  of the textile  100  may decrease to a new width  212 . There may also be a decrease in the overall length  114  of the textile  100  to a new length  214 . In example aspects, because of the orientation of the film structures  110 , there may be a greater decrease in the width of the textile  100  compared to the length of the textile  100 . To describe this more generally, to achieve a desired decrease of the textile  100  in a specified direction, the film structures  110  may be oriented such that their long axes are perpendicular to the specified direction. 
     When the film structures  110  are no longer exposed to, for example, moisture, the film structures  110  undergo a decrease in swelling due to a reduction or cessation of water molecules moving through the film structures  110 . The film structures  110  return to their pre-exposure, generally planar state, the debossed regions  210  relax, and the textile  100  reverts to its pre-exposure width  112  and length  114 . Thus, use of the film structures  110  enables a reversible and dynamic change in the dimensions of the textile  100 . 
     The use of film structures to achieve a change in dimension of a textile may be used to dynamically transition a vent opening on an article of apparel from a closed state to an open state and vice versa. For instance,  FIG.  3 A  depicts a front view of an upper-body garment  300  before the upper-body garment  300  is exposed to an external stimulus, where the upper-body garment  300  has a vent opening in a closed state, and  FIG.  3 B  depicts a front view of the upper-body garment  300  after the upper-body garment  300  has been exposed to an external stimulus and the vent opening has transitioned to an open state. 
     The upper-body garment  300  includes a torso region  310  having a neck opening  312  and a waist opening  314 . A first sleeve  316  and a second sleeve  318  extend from the torso region  310 . Although the upper-body garment  300  is shown with long sleeves, it is contemplated herein that the upper-body garment  300  may be sleeveless, include three-quarter sleeves, half-sleeves, quarter-sleeves, and the like. In addition, although the torso region  310  is shown as including a first front half and a second front half that are joined together through a slider mechanism (e.g., a zipper), it is contemplated herein that the torso region  310  may be in the form of a t-shirt or pullover that does not include a slider mechanism such that a material extends across a midline of the upper-body garment  300 . 
     The upper-body garment includes a first vent structure  320  and a second vent structure  322 . The first vent structure  320  and the second vent structure  322  are similarly formed and, as such, a description of how the first vent structure  320  is formed is equally applicable to the second vent structure  322 . Referring to  FIG.  3 A , the first vent structure  320  includes a first panel  324  having a first panel edge  326  and a second panel  328  having a second panel edge  330  (shown in dashed lines to indicate it is generally hidden from view when the vent opening is in a closed state). In example aspects, the first panel edge  326  overlaps the second panel edge  330  and is discontinuously affixed thereto. For example, the first panel edge  326  may be affixed to the second panel edge  330  at a number of spaced-apart securement points such as securement points  332 . The securement points  332  may be formed by stitching, tacking, adhesives, bonding, and the like. The first panel edge  326  is not affixed to (or is unaffixed from) the second panel edge  330  at areas between the spaced-apart securement points  332  to form one or more vent openings  334 . The longitudinal axis of the vent openings  334  extends in a first direction as indicated by the arrow  336 . The location and number of the first and second vent structures  320  and  322  is illustrative only, and it is contemplated herein that one or more vent structures may be located at other areas of the upper-body garment  300  including, for instance, other locations on the torso region  310 , the first sleeve  316 , the second sleeve  318 , and/or the back of the upper-body garment  300  (shown in  FIGS.  4 A and  4 B ). 
       FIG.  3 A  further depicts a plurality of discrete overlay film structures  338  affixed to the second panel  328  adjacent to (e.g., within about 0 cm to about 10 cm) the vent opening(s)  334  or the second panel edge  330 . As illustrated, the first panel  324  does not include discrete overlay film structures in accordance with aspects herein. The film structures  338  are shown affixed to an outer-facing surface of the second panel  328 . In example aspects, the film structures  338  may instead be applied to an inner-facing surface of the second panel  328  in a similar pattern to that shown in  FIGS.  3 A and  3 B . Positioning the film structures  338  on the inner-facing surface of the second panel  328  enables the film structures  338  to be in contact with (or near contact with) a wearer&#39;s body surface and any perspiration produced by the wearer. It is also contemplated herein that the film structures  338  may be applied to both the inner-facing surface and the outer-facing surface of the second panel  328 . Any and all aspects, and any variation thereof, are contemplated as being within aspects herein. 
     Similar to the film structures  110  of  FIGS.  1 A- 1 D , the film structures  338  have a long axis  340  and a short axis  342 . The long axes  340  of the film structures  338  are oriented to be substantially perpendicular (i.e., within ±10 degrees of perpendicular) to the longitudinal axis of the vent opening(s)  334 . To state it differently, the long axes  340  of the film structures  338  are oriented to be substantially perpendicular to the first direction  336 . In example aspects, there is a greater concentration of the film structures  338  closer to the vent opening(s)  334  and/or the second panel edge  330  compared to farther away from the vent opening(s)  334  and/or second panel edge  330  to facilitate the transition of the vent opening(s)  334  to an open state. The decrease in concentration of the film structures  338  may be due to a decrease in the number of film structures  338 . The decrease in concentration may also be due to a decrease in the surface area of the film structures  338 . The decrease in concentration may additionally be due to both a decrease in the number of film structures  338  and a decrease in the surface area of the film structures  338 . Any and all aspects, and any variation thereof, are contemplated as being within aspects herein. The number and shape of the film structures  338  is illustrative only, and it is contemplated herein that other shapes and numbers of film structures  338  may be utilized. 
       FIG.  3 B  illustrates the upper-body garment  300  after the garment  300  has been exposed to an external stimulus such as moisture. When the film structures  338  are affixed to an inner-facing surface of the upper-body garment  300 , the moisture may be in the form of perspiration produced by a wearer. As explained with the textile  100 , exposure of the film structures  338  to the external stimulus causes the film structures  338  to expand, for instance, at least in the z-direction and/or in the x-direction and the y-direction, and to fold or bend at least along their long axes  340 . Because each of the long axes  340  are oriented substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vent opening(s)  334 , the folding or bending of the film structures  338  along their long axes  340  causes the second panel  328  and the second panel edge  330  to shorten in the first direction  336  based on the lifting or puckering of the second panel  328  caused by the film structures  338  as shown by fold lines  360  in  FIG.  3 B . Since the first panel  324  does not include film structures, exposure of the upper-body garment  300  to the external stimulus does not cause a shortening of the first panel  324  or the first panel edge  326  in the first direction  336 . The shortening of the second panel  328  and the second panel edge  330  results in the first panel  324  and/or the first panel edge  326  extending outwardly (e.g., in the positive z-direction) between adjacent securement points  332  which dynamically transitions the vent opening  334  to an open state as shown in  FIG.  3 B . 
     The transition of the vent opening  334  from a closed state to an open state is further shown in  FIGS.  3 C- 3 F .  FIG.  3 C  illustrates a cross-section of the vent opening  334  taken along cut line  3 C- 3 C of  FIG.  3 A  before the upper-body garment  300  is exposed to the external stimulus.  FIG.  3 C  depicts the first panel edge  326  of the first panel  324  overlapping the second panel edge  330  of the second panel  328 . As shown, the second panel edge  330  is positioned internal to the first panel edge  326 . The vent opening  334  is formed between the overlapping edges  326  and  330  and is depicted in a closed state.  FIG.  3 D  illustrates a cross-section of the vent opening  334  taken along cut line  3 D- 3 D of  FIG.  3 B  after the upper-body garment  300  is exposed to the external stimulus. As shown, the first panel  324  and the first panel edge  326  are spaced apart from the second panel  328  and the second panel edge  330  causing the vent opening  334  to transition to an open state. 
       FIG.  3 E  illustrates the vent opening  334  taken along the longitudinal axis of the vent opening  334  before the upper-body garment  300  is exposed to the external stimulus. The first panel edge  326  is affixed to the second panel edge  330  at securement points  332 . The first panel edge  326  is unaffixed from the second panel edge  330  between the securement points  332  to form the vent opening  334 . Before the upper-body garment  300  is exposed to the external stimulus, the second panel edge  330  has a length  350  between the securement points  332 , and the first panel edge  326  has a length  352  between the securement points  332 . In example aspects, the length  350  of the second panel edge  330  is substantially the same as the length  352  of the first panel edge  326 . 
       FIG.  3 F  illustrates the vent opening  334  taken along the longitudinal axis of the vent opening  334  after the upper-body garment  300  is exposed to the external stimulus. Due to the film structures  338  causing the second panel  328  to lift or pucker in areas underlying the film structures  338 , the second panel edge  330  decreases in length to a new length  354  that is less than the length  350 . Because the film structures  338  are not applied to the first panel  324 , the first panel edge  326  does not undergo an appreciable change in length when the upper-body garment  300  is exposed to the external stimulus. Thus, the shortening of the second panel edge  330  tensions the affixed ends of the first panel edge  326  toward each other to cause the first panel  324  and the first panel edge  326  to extend outward from the upper-body garment  300  and transition the vent opening  334  to an open state.  FIGS.  3 C- 3 F  may equally apply to the discussion of additional vent openings on the upper-body garment  300  as well as vent openings on other articles of apparel such as the lower-body garment  500  of  FIGS.  5 A- 5 B . 
       FIGS.  4 A and  4 B , which illustrate a back view of the upper-body garment  300 , depict a vent structure  410  for the upper-body garment  300 . The vent structure  410  may be in addition to, or instead of, the first vent structure  320  and/or the second vent structure  322 .  FIG.  4 A  illustrates a view of the upper-body garment  300  before the garment  300  is exposed to an external stimulus, and  FIG.  4 B  illustrates the garment  300  after being exposed to the external stimulus such as, for example, moisture. 
     With respect to  FIG.  4 A , the vent structure  410  includes a first panel  412  having a first panel edge  414  and a second panel  416  having a second panel edge  418  (shown in dashed lines to indicate it is generally hidden from view). The first panel edge  414  overlaps the second panel edge  418  and is secured to the second panel edge  418  by one or more spaced-apart securement points  420 . The first panel edge  414  is not affixed to (or is unaffixed from) the second panel edge  418  at areas between the spaced-apart securement points  420  to form one or more vent openings  422 . The longitudinal axis of the vent openings  422  extends in a first direction as indicated by the arrow  424 . In the aspect shown in  FIG.  4 A , the first direction  424  extends horizontally between the first sleeve  316  and the second sleeve  318 . The location of the vent structure  410  is illustrative only and it is contemplated herein that the vent structure may be located closer to, for instance, the neck opening  312  or closer to, for example, the waist opening  314  of the upper-body garment  300 . It is also contemplated herein that additional vent structures may be located on the back of the upper-body garment  300 . Any and all aspects, and any variation thereof, are contemplated as being within aspects herein. 
       FIG.  4 A  further depicts a plurality of discrete overlay film structures  426  affixed to the second panel  416  adjacent to (e.g., within about 0 cm to 10 cm) the vent opening(s)  422  and/or the second panel edge  418 . As illustrated, the first panel  412  does not include discrete overlay film structures in accordance with aspects herein. The film structures  426  are shown affixed to an outer-facing surface of second panel  416 . In example aspects, the film structures  426  may instead be applied to an inner-facing surface of the second panel  416  in a pattern similar to that shown so as to be in contact with (or near contact with) a wearer&#39;s body surface and any perspiration produced by the wearer. It is also contemplated herein, that the film structures  426  may be applied to both the outer-facing surface and the inner-facing surface of the second panel  416 . Any and all aspects, and any variation thereof, are contemplated as being within aspects herein. 
     The film structures  426  have a long axis  428  and a short axis  430 . The long axes  428  of the film structures  426  are oriented to be substantially perpendicular (i.e., within ±10 degrees of perpendicular) to the longitudinal axis of the vent opening(s)  422  and/or the first direction  424 . In example aspects, there is a greater concentration of the film structures  426  closer to the vent opening(s)  422  and/or the second panel edge  418  compared to farther away from the vent opening(s)  422  and/or the second panel edge  418  to facilitate the transition of the vent opening(s)  422  to an open state. The decrease in concentration of the film structures  426  may be due to a decrease in the number of film structures  426 . The decrease in concentration may also be due to a decrease in the surface area of the film structures  426 . The decrease in concentration may also be due to both a decrease in the number of film structures  426  and in the surface area of the film structures  426 . The number and shape of the film structures  426  is illustrative only, and it is contemplated herein that other shapes and numbers of film structures  426  may be utilized. 
       FIG.  4 B  illustrates the upper-body garment  300  after the garment  300  has been exposed to an external stimulus such as moisture. When the film structures  426  are affixed to an inner-facing surface of the second panel  416 , the moisture may be in the form of perspiration produced by a wearer. Exposure of the film structures  426  to the external stimulus causes the film structures  426  to expand, for instance, at least in the z-direction and/or in the x-direction and/or the y-direction, and to fold or bend at least along their long axes  428 . Because each of the long axes  428  are oriented substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vent opening(s)  422  and/or the first direction  424 , the folding or bending of the film structures  426  along their long axes  428  causes the second panel  416  and the second panel edge  418  to shorten in the first direction  424  based on the lifting or puckering of the second panel  416  caused by the film structures  426  as shown by fold lines  450 . Since the first panel  412  does not include film structures, exposure of the upper-body garment  300  to the external stimulus does not cause an appreciable shortening of the first panel  412  or the first panel edge  414  in the first direction  424 . The shortening of the second panel  416  and the second panel edge  418  results in the first panel  412  and the first panel edge  414  extending outwardly (e.g., in the positive z-direction) between adjacent securement points  420  which dynamically transitions the vent opening  422  to an open state as shown in  FIG.  4 B . 
     Aspects herein further contemplate incorporating the vent structures described herein on other articles of apparel such as lower-body garments.  FIGS.  5 A and  5 B  depict front views of a lower-body garment  500  having a first vent structure  510  and second vent structure  512 .  FIG.  5 A  depicts the lower-body garment  500  before the lower-body garment  500  is exposed to an external stimulus, and  FIG.  5 B  depicts the lower-body garment  500  after being exposed to the external stimulus. 
     The lower-body garment  500  includes a torso region  514  having a waist opening  516 , a first leg portion  518  extending from the torso region  514  and terminating distally in a first leg opening  520 , and a second leg portion  522  extending from the torso region  514  and terminating distally in a second leg opening  524 . Although shown as a pant, it is contemplated herein that the lower-body garment  500  may be in the form of a short, a tight, a capri, and the like. 
     The first vent structure  510  and the second vent structure  512  are similarly formed and, as such, a description of how the first vent structure  510  is formed is equally applicable to the second vent structure  512 . Referring to  FIG.  5 A , the first vent structure  510  includes a first panel  526  having a first panel edge  528  and a second panel  530  having a second panel edge  532  (shown in dashed lines to indicate it is generally hidden from view when the vent opening is in a closed state). In example aspects, the first panel edge  528  overlaps the second panel edge  532  and is discontinuously affixed thereto. For instance, the first panel edge  528  is affixed to the second panel edge  532  at a number of spaced-apart securement points such as securement points  534 . The first panel edge  528  is not affixed to (or is unaffixed from) the second panel edge  532  at areas between the spaced-apart securement points  534  to form one or more vent openings  536 . The longitudinal axis of the vent openings  536  extends in a first direction as indicated by the arrow  538 . The location and number of the first and second vent structures  510  and  512  is illustrative only and it is contemplated herein that the vent structures may be located at other areas of the lower-body garment  500  including, for instance, locations on the torso region  514  (e.g., adjacent to the waist opening  516 ), other locations on the first leg portion  518  and/or second leg portion  522 , and/or the back of the lower-body garment  500 . 
       FIG.  5 A  further depicts a plurality of discrete overlay film structures  540  affixed to the second panel  530  adjacent to (e.g., within about 0 cm to 10 cm) the vent opening(s)  536  and/or the second panel edge  532 . As illustrated, the first panel  526  does not include discrete overlay film structures in accordance with aspects herein. The film structures  540  are shown affixed to an outer-facing surface of the second panel  530 . In example aspects, the film structures  540  may instead be applied to an inner-facing surface of the second panel  530  in a pattern similar to that shown in  FIGS.  5 A and  5 B  so as to be in contact with (or near contact with) a wearer&#39;s body surface and any perspiration produced by the wearer. In example aspects, the film structures  540  may be applied to both the outer-facing surface and the inner-facing surface of the second panel  530 . Any and all aspects, and any variation thereof, are contemplated as being within aspects herein. 
     The film structures  540  have a long axis  542  and a short axis  544 . The long axes  542  of the film structures  540  are oriented to be substantially perpendicular (i.e., within ±10 degrees of perpendicular) to the longitudinal axis of the vent opening(s)  536  and/or the first direction  538 . In example aspects, there is a greater concentration of the film structures  540  closer to the vent opening(s)  536  and/or the second panel edge  532  compared to farther away from the vent opening(s)  536  and/or the second panel edge  532  to facilitate the transition of the vent opening(s)  536  to an open state. The decrease in concentration of the film structures  540  may be due to a decrease in the number of film structures  540 . The decrease in concentration may also be due to a decrease in the surface area of the film structures  540 . The decrease in concentration may also be due to both a decrease in number and a decrease in the surface area of the film structures  540 . Any and all aspects, and any variation thereof, are contemplated as being within aspects herein. The number and shape of the film structures  540  is illustrative only, and it is contemplated herein that other shapes and numbers of film structures  540  may be utilized. 
       FIG.  5 B  illustrates the lower-body garment  500  after the garment  500  has been exposed to an external stimulus such as moisture. When the film structures  540  are affixed to an inner-facing   surface of the lower-body garment  500 , the moisture may be in the form of perspiration produced by a wearer. Exposure of the film structures  540  to the external stimulus causes the film structures  540  to expand, for instance, at least in the z-direction and/or in the x-direction and the y-direction, and to fold or bend at least along their long axes  542 . Because each of the long axes  542  are oriented substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vent opening(s)  536  and/or the first direction  538 , the folding or bending of the film structures  540  along their long axes  542  causes the second panel  530  and the second panel edge  532  to shorten in the first direction  538  based on the lifting or puckering of the second panel  530  caused by the film structures  540  as shown by fold lines  550 . Since the first panel  526  does not include film structures, exposure of the lower-body garment  500  to the external stimulus does not cause an appreciable shortening of the first panel  526  or the first panel edge  528  in the first direction  538 . The shortening of the second panel  530  and the second panel edge  532  results in the first panel  526  and the first panel edge  528  extending outwardly (e.g., in the positive z-direction) between adjacent securement points  534  which dynamically transitions the vent opening  536  to an open state as shown in  FIG.  5 B . 
     It is contemplated herein that the use of overlay film structures to dynamically transition a vent opening from a closed state to an open state and vice versa can be applied to other articles of apparel in addition to those described herein. For example, vent openings may be positioned on an article of headwear, and overlay film structures may be used to transition the vent opening between an open and closed state. Other articles of apparel contemplated herein include, for example, socks, shoes (e.g., uppers), gloves and the like. 
     The oval shape depicted for the film structures is just one example of different shape configurations for the film structures.  FIGS.  6 A- 6 B  depict example alternative shapes for the film structures.  FIG.  6 A  depicts a textile  615  having film structures  620  with a diamond shape. Because a diamond shape has a generally equal length and width, swelling of the film structures  620  would also cause a generally equal decrease in both the width and length of the textile  615 .  FIG.  6 B  depicts a textile  625  having film structures  630  with a quadrilateral shape having two pairs of equal length sides that are adjacent to each other. Similar to the oval shape, the film structures  630  have a long axis and a short axis and thus would generally cause an unequal change in dimension of the textile  625  when the textile  625  is exposed to an external stimulus. Additional shapes for the film structures are contemplated herein including asymmetric shapes such as crescents, organic shapes, half-circle shapes, alphanumeric shapes, and the like. As well, it is contemplated herein that the textile may include a number of different shaped film structures and/or film structures with different sizes and/or surface areas. Any and all aspects, and any variation thereof, are contemplated as being within aspects herein. 
     The film structures that are applied to article of apparel described herein may have different thicknesses.  FIG.  7 A  depicts a textile  705  before the textile  705  is exposed to an external stimulus, The textile  705  includes a first film structure  710  with a first thickness  715  and a second film structure  720  with a second thickness  725  that is less than the first thickness  715  of the first film structure  710 .  FIG.  7 B  illustrates the textile  705  after being exposed to an external stimulus, such as moisture. The first film structure  710  increases in dimension in at least the z-direction to thickness  730 , and the second film structure  720  increases in dimension in at least the z-direction to thickness  735 , where the thickness  735  is less than the thickness  730 . Because the first film structure  710  is thicker than the second film structure  720 , it may cause a greater movement of the textile  705  in the z-direction when exposed to the external stimulus as shown by the first film structure  710  having a greater offset  740  than an offset  742  associated with the second film structure  720  after the textile  705  is exposed to the external stimulus. 
       FIG.  8    depicts a flow diagram of an example method  800  of manufacturing an article of apparel having a vent opening, such as the garments  300  and  500 . At a step  810 , a first panel edge of a first panel of material is discontinuously affixed to a second panel edge of a second panel to form a vent opening on an article of apparel. The vent opening has a longitudinal axis that extends in a first direction. 
     At a step  812 , a plurality of discrete overlay film structures are affixed to the second panel adjacent to at least the second panel edge. In example aspects, the overlay film structures are not affixed to the first panel. Each of the film structures includes a long axis and a short axis, and the long axes of the film structures are affixed to the second panel so as to be substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vent opening. When the film structures are exposed to an external stimulus, the film structures expand, for example, in the z-direction which causes the second panel to lift or pucker in areas underlying the film structures. This results in a decrease in dimension of the second panel and the second panel edge in the first direction or in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the vent opening. Because the first panel does not include film structures, the first panel edge does not decrease in dimension resulting in the vent opening transitioning to an open state. The process is reversible, so when the external stimulus is removed, the vent opening transitions back to a closed state. 
       FIGS.  9 A and  9 B  depict an additional vent structure that may be used in combination with the vent structures described herein or may be used as a stand-alone vent structure.  FIG.  9 A  depicts a textile  900  before the textile  900  is exposed to an external stimulus, such as moisture. The textile  900  may be incorporated into, for example, an upper-body garment such as the upper-body   garment  300 , a lower-body garment, such as the lower-body garment  500 , or other articles of apparel such as headwear, gloves, socks, shoes, and the like. The textile  900  includes a slit  910  formed in the textile  900 . The slit  910  may be formed by a mechanical cutting process, laser cutting, water jet cutting, dissolvable yarns, manipulating a knit, non-woven, or weave construction to form the slit  910 , and the like. The slit  910  extends from a first surface  901  of the textile  900  to a second opposite surface  902  of the textile  900  to provide a through-passage. The slit  910  includes a first edge  912 , a second opposing edge  914 , a first end  913 , and a second opposing end  915 . The longitudinal axis of the slit  910  extends in a first direction between the first end  913  and the second end  915  of the slit  910 . Although the first edge  912  is shown abutting the second edge  914 , it is contemplated herein that a small space may exist between the first and second edges  912  and  914  such that the first and second edges  912  and  914  are not in direct contact with each other. Although the slit  910  is shown as linear, it is contemplated herein that the slit  910  may have other shapes including curved shapes, geometric shapes, curvilinear shapes, alphanumeric shapes, and the like. 
     The textile  900  further includes a first plurality of discrete overlay film structures  916  positioned adjacent to the first edge  912  of the slit  910 , and a second plurality of discrete overlay film structures  918  positioned adjacent to the second edge  914  of the slit  910 . Each of the first plurality of film structures  916  and the second plurality of film structures  918  is shaped to have a long axis, such as long axis  924  and a short axis, such as short axis  926 . In example aspects, the long axis  924  of each of the first and second pluralities of film structures  916  and  918  is oriented to be substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the slit  910 . 
     It is contemplated herein that the number of film structures  916  and/or  918  may decrease the farther away from the slit  910 . It is also contemplated herein that the size and/or surface area of the film structures  916  and/or  918  may decrease the farther away from the slit  910 . Additionally, both the number and surface area of the film structures  916  and/or  918  may decrease the farther away from the slit  910 . 
       FIG.  9 B  depicts the textile  900  after being exposed to an external stimulus, such as water or moisture. Exposure to the external stimulus causes the first plurality of film structures  916  and the second plurality of film structures  918  to expand, for instance, at least in the z-direction and/or in the x-direction and/or the y-direction, and to fold or bend at least along their long axes  924 . Because each of the long axes  924  is oriented substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the slit  910 , the folding or bending of the film structures  916  and  918  along their long axes  924  causes the first edge  912  and the second edge  914  to shorten in the direction of the longitudinal axis, or in the first direction, based on the lifting or puckering of the textile  900  caused by the film structures  916  and  918  as shown by fold lines  920  and  922  in  FIG.  9 B . The shortening of the first edge  912  and the second edge  914  may cause the first edge  912  and the second edge  914  to extend in the z-direction away from the surface plane of the textile  900  thereby transitioning the slit  910  from a closed state to an open state having a vent opening  925 . Once the external stimulus is removed, the textile  900  transitions back to its pre-exposure state and the slit  910  transitions to a closed state. 
       FIGS.  10 A- 10 I  depict yet another example vent structure that may be used in combination with the vent structures described herein or may be used as a stand-alone vent structure.  FIG.  10 A  depicts a textile construction  1000  before the textile construction  1000  is exposed to an external stimulus, such as moisture or perspiration. The textile construction  1000  may be incorporated into, for example, an upper-body garment such as the upper-body garment  300 , a lower-body garment, such as the lower-body garment  500 , or other articles of apparel such as headwear, gloves, socks, shoes, and the like. 
     The textile construction  1000  includes a first panel of material  1010  having a first edge  1012 , a second edge  1014  opposite the first edge  1012 , a third edge  1016 , and a fourth edge  1018  opposite the third edge  1016 . The depiction of the edges  1012 ,  1014 ,  1016 , and  1018  is illustrative only, and it is contemplated herein that the first panel of material  1010  may comprise additional edges or less edges, may comprise non-linear edges (e.g., curved edges), and that the edges may form, for instance, portions of an article of apparel (e.g., a hood edge, a waistband edge, a front opening edge, and like). In example aspects, when the textile construction  1000  is incorporated into an upper-body garment or a lower-body garment, the first panel of material  1010  may form an outer-facing layer of the garment. The first panel of material  1010  includes a first plurality of apertures  1019  that extend through the thickness of the first panel of material  1010 . The first plurality of apertures  1019  are shown in dashed lines in  FIG.  10 A  to indicate they are generally hidden from view by a second panel of material discussed below. The number, shape, and size of the first plurality of apertures  1019  is illustrative only, and it is contemplated herein that the first plurality of apertures  1019  may include different shaped apertures, different sizes of apertures, and different numbers of apertures. Any and all aspects, and any variation thereof, are contemplated as being within aspects herein. 
     The textile construction  1000  further includes a second panel of material  1020  that is in face-sharing contact with the first panel of material  1010 . In example aspects, when the textile construction  1000  is incorporated into an upper-body garment or a lower-body garment, the second panel of material  1020  forms an inner-facing layer of the garment. In example aspects, the second panel of material  1020  may be secured at one or more of its edges to the first panel of material  1010 . For instance, a first edge  1022  of the second panel of material  1020  may be secured to the first panel of material  1010  as indicated by securement points  1030 . It is also contemplated that a second opposite edge  1024  of the second panel of material  1020  may be secured to the first panel of material  1010  as indicated by the securement points  1030 . It is also contemplated herein that both the first edge  1022  and the second edge  1024  may be secured to the first panel of material  1010 . The securement points  1030  may include affixation technologies such as stitching, gluing, adhesives, spot welding, bonding, seam tape, and the like. One or more additional edges of the second panel of material  1020  may be unaffixed from the first panel of material  1010  such as a third edge  1026  and/or a fourth opposite edge  1028  of the second panel of material  1020 . The depiction of the edges  1022 ,  1024 ,  1026 , and  1028  is illustrative only, and it is contemplated herein that the second panel of material  1020  may comprise additional edges or less edges, may comprise non-linear edges (e.g., curved edges), and that the edges may form, for instance, portions of an article of apparel (e.g., a hood edge, a waistband edge, a front opening edge, and like). 
     In example aspects, the surfaces of the first panel of material  1010  and the second panel of material  1020  that are in face-sharing contact with each other are not affixed to each other such that a space is present between the respective surfaces of the first panel of material  1010  and the second panel of material  1020 . As explained further below, this enables the surface of the second panel of material  1020  to shift relative to the surface of the first panel of material  1010 . It is further contemplated herein, that in some example aspects, the length of the second panel of material  1020  as measured between the first edge  1022  and the second edge  1024  before the second panel of material  1020  is affixed to the first panel of material  1010  may be greater than the distance between the securement points  1030  at the first end and the second end of the textile construction  1000 . This creates a greater volume for the second panel of material  1020  than, for example, if the length of the second panel of material  1020  was the same as the distance between the securement points  1030 . The excess material may facilitate the shifting of the second panel of material  1020  relative to the first panel of material  1010 . 
     The second panel of material  1020  includes a second plurality of apertures  1031  that extend through the thickness of the second panel of material  1020 . In example aspects, the second plurality of apertures  1031  may have a similar number, size and shape as the first plurality of apertures  1019 . As shown in  FIG.  10 A , when the textile construction  1000  is in a closed state, the first plurality of apertures  1019  are offset in a direction parallel to the planar surface of the textile construction  1000 , or at least partially offset, from the second plurality of apertures  1031  such that there is not an open communication path between a first surface of the textile construction  1000  and a second opposite surface of the textile construction  1000 . To describe this further, when the textile construction  1000  is in the closed state, the second plurality of apertures  1031  are offset distally from the first plurality of apertures  1019  with respect to the first edge  1022  of the second panel of material  1020  and are offset in a direction substantially perpendicular to the first edge  1022  of the second panel of material  1020 . 
     The textile construction  1000  further includes an overlay film structure  1032  that is affixed to the second panel of material  1020  adjacent to the first edge  1022  of the second panel of material. Although only one overlay film structure is shown, it is contemplated herein that the textile construction  1000  may include multiple overlay film structures having the orientation shown in  FIG.  10 A . The overlay film structure  1032  has a long axis  1033  and a short axis  1035 , where the long axis  1033  extends across the width of the second panel of material  1020 . Although the overlay film structure  1032  is described as extending across the width of the second panel of material  1020 , it is more generally contemplated herein that the long axis  1033  of the overlay film structure  1032  may be positioned adjacent to and parallel with an affixed edge of the second panel of material  1020 . 
       FIG.  10 B  depicts a cross-section taken along cut line  10 B- 10 B of  FIG.  10 A . As shown, the second panel of material  1020  is positioned adjacent to the first panel of material  1010  such that their respective surfaces are in near contact. The surfaces of the respective panels of material  1010  and  1020  are not affixed to each other, and a space is formed between the surfaces as shown. The overlay film structure  1032  is depicted as affixed to the surface of the second panel of material  1020  that is opposite the surface that is in face-sharing contact with the first panel of material  1010 . Because the textile construction has not been exposed to an external stimulus, the overlay film structure  1032  and the second panel of material  1020  are in a generally planar relationship with the first panel of material  1010 . 
       FIG.  10 C  depicts a cross-section taken along cut line  10 C- 10 C of  FIG.  10 A .  FIG.  10 C  depicts the securement point  1030  that represents the point of affixation between the first edge  1022  of the second panel of material  1020  and the first panel of material  1010 . Again, because the textile construction  1000  has not been exposed to an external stimulus, the overlay film structure  1032  and the second panel of material  1020  are in a generally planar relationship with the first panel of material  1010 . 
       FIG.  10 D  depicts a cross-section taken along cut line  10 D- 10 D of  FIG.  10 A .  FIG.  10 D  illustrates the first plurality of apertures  1019  formed through the thickness of the first panel of material  1010 . Because the first plurality of apertures  1019  are offset from the second plurality of apertures  1031  when the textile construction  1000  in in a closed state, the second panel of material  1020  is shown as a continuous panel that occludes or blocks the first plurality of apertures  1019  minimizing the movement of, for instance, air through the textile construction  1000 . 
       FIG.  10 E  depicts a cross-section taken along cut line  10 E- 10 E of  FIG.  10 A .  FIG.  10 E  illustrates the second plurality of apertures  1031  formed through the thickness of the second panel of material  1020 . Similar to  FIG.  10 D , because the second plurality of apertures  1031  are offset from the first plurality of apertures  1019  when the textile construction  1000  is in the closed state, the first panel of material  1010  is shown as a continuous panel that occludes or blocks the second plurality of apertures  1031  minimizing the movement of, for instance, air through the textile construction  1000 . 
       FIG.  10 F  depicts the textile construction  1000  after being exposed to an external stimulus such as moisture or perspiration. Similar to what has been previously described, when the textile construction  1000  is exposed to, for example, moisture the overlay film structure  1032  increases in dimension in at least the z-direction and/or the x-direction, and/or the y-direction. The subsequent folding of the overlay film structure  1032  along its long axis  1033  causes the second panel of material  1020  to also fold in a direction at least parallel to the long axis  1033  of the overlay film structure  1032  in areas of the second panel of material  1020  that underlie the overlay film structure  1032  as shown in  FIG.  10 F . The folding of the second panel of material  1020  causes movement of the second panel of material  1020  in a direction toward the first edge  1022  of the second panel of material  1020  (i.e., movement in the lengthwise direction of the second panel of material  1020 ). Stated differently, the folding of the second panel of material  1020  causes movement of the second panel of material  1020  in a direction substantially perpendicular to the long axis  1033  of the overlay film structure  1032 . The shifting of the second panel of material  1020  relative to the first panel of material  1010  in a direction substantially perpendicular to the long axis  1033  of the overlay film structure  1032  aligns, or at least partially aligns the second plurality of apertures  1031  with the first plurality of apertures  1019  to transition the textile construction  1000  to an open state thereby enabling the movement of air and/or moisture vapor through the aligned apertures  1019  and  1031 . 
     The shifting of the second panel of material  1020  relative to the first panel of material  1010  is facilitated by affixing the first edge  1022  of the second panel of material  1020  to the first panel of material  1010 . The securement points  1030  act as an anchor fixing the first edge  1022  of the second panel of material  1020  and allowing the remaining portions of the second panel of material  1020  to shift or move. The shifting of the second panel of material  1020  relative to the first panel of material  1010  may also be facilitated by forming the second panel of material  1020  to have an excess volume as described above. 
       FIG.  10 G  depicts a cross-section taken along cut line  10 G- 10 G of  FIG.  10 F . As indicated, the overlay film structure  1032  has increased in thickness in response to the external stimulus. Although not shown, it is contemplated that there may be a slight folding of the overlay film structure  1032  and the underlying second panel of material  1020  along the short axis  1035  of the overlay film structure  1032 .  FIG.  10 H  depicts a cross-section taken along cut line  10 H- 10 H of  FIG.  10 H  and illustrates the folding of the overlay film structure  1032  and the second panel of material  1020  along and parallel to the long axis  1033  of the overlay film structure  1032  to create an offset  1040  with respect to the first panel of material  1010 . Stated differently, in response to the external stimulus, the second panel of material  1020  and the overlay film structure  1032  extend in a z-direction away from the first panel of material  1010 . This, in turn, causes movement of the remaining portions of the second panel of material  1020  in a direction substantially perpendicular to the long axis  1033  of the overlay film structure  1032 . 
       FIG.  10 I  depicts a cross-section taken along cut line  10 I- 10 I of  FIG.  10 F . As shown, the shifting the second panel of material  1020  relative to the first panel of material  1010  causes the second plurality of apertures  1031  to align with, or at least partially align with, the first plurality of apertures  1019 . The aligned apertures  1019  and  1031  facilitate the movement of air and/or moisture vapor through the textile construction  1000 . 
     As set forth, the textile construction  1000  may be incorporated into various articles of apparel. As an illustrative example, when the textile construction  1000  is incorporated into an upper-body garment, the textile construction  1000  may be positioned in areas generating large amounts of heat and/or moisture vapor such as, for example, the back area of a wearer. The perspiration produced by the wearer during exercise may induce the dimensional change in the overlay film structure  1032  and cause the second panel of material  1020  to shift relative to the first panel of material  1010  and align the second plurality of apertures  1031  with the first plurality of apertures  1019 . 
     It is further contemplated herein that the first and second plurality of apertures  1019  and  1031  may be configured to initially align with each other before the textile construction  1000  is exposed to an external stimulus. In this example, the second panel of material  1020  may be an outer-facing layer of, for instance, a garment such that the overlay film structure  1032  is positioned on an external-facing surface of the garment. When the textile construction  1000  exposed to an external stimulus, such as precipitation or snow, the increase in dimension of the overlay film structure  1032  may cause the second panel of material  1020  to shift relative to the first panel of material  1010  resulting in the second plurality of apertures  1031  becoming offset relative to the first plurality of apertures  1019  thereby preventing precipitation from entering into the garment. Any and all aspects, and any variation thereof, are contemplated as being within the scope herein. 
     Aspects of the present disclosure have been described with the intent to be illustrative rather than restrictive. Alternative aspects will become apparent to those skilled in the art that do not depart from its scope. A skilled artisan may develop alternative means of implementing the aforementioned improvements without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. 
     It will be understood that certain features and subcombinations are of utility and may be employed without reference to other features and subcombinations and are contemplated within the scope of the claims. Not all steps listed in the various figures need be carried out in the specific order described.