Patent Publication Number: US-11050472-B2

Title: Enhanced beamforming training in a wireless local area networks

Description:
PRIORITY CLAIM 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/870,060, filed Jan. 12, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/969,506, filed Dec. 15, 2015, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,893,785, which claims the benefit of priority under 35 USC 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/217,223, filed Sep. 11, 2015, each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Embodiments pertain to wireless communications in a wireless local-area network (WLAN). Some embodiments relate to beamforming training. Some embodiments relate to Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 and some embodiments relate to IEEE 802.11ay, next generation 60 gigahertz (NG60), IEEE 802.11ad, and millimeter Wave (mmWave). Some embodiments relate to beamforming training for single user (SU) and multiple-user (MU) multiple-input multiple output (MU-MIMO). 
     BACKGROUND 
     Users of wireless networks often demand more bandwidth and faster response times. However, the available bandwidth may be limited. Moreover, it may be difficult to communicate with wireless devices operating with different operating characteristics and with a different number of antennas. Additionally, wireless devices may operate with different communication standards. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present disclosure is illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements and in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a WLAN in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates an enhanced beam refining protocol (BRP) packet format supporting single input single output (SISO), MIMO, MU-MIMO and MU-SISO in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a BRP protocol with scheduled feedback in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a BRP method with polling feedback in accordance with some embodiments; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a method of transmitting an EBRP packet in accordance with some embodiments; and 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a wireless device in accordance with some embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustrate specific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process, and other changes. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in, or substituted for, those of other embodiments. Embodiments set forth in the claims encompass all available equivalents of those claims. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a WLAN  100  in accordance with some embodiments. The WLAN may comprise a basis service set (BSS) or personal BSS (PBSS)  100  that may include a master station  102 , which may be an AP or PBSS control point (PCP), a plurality of wireless (e.g., IEEE 802.11ay) STAs  104  and a plurality of legacy (e.g., IEEE 802.11n/ac/ad) devices  106 . 
     The master station  102  may be an AP using the IEEE 802.11 to transmit and receive. The master station  102  may be a base station. The master station  102  may be a PBSS. The master station  102  may use other communications protocols as well as the IEEE 802.11 protocol. The IEEE 802.11 protocol may be IEEE 802.11ay. The IEEE 802.11 protocol may include using orthogonal frequency division multiple-access (OFDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), and/or code division multiple access (CDMA). The IEEE 802.11 protocol may include a multiple access technique. For example, the IEEE 802.11 protocol may include space-division multiple access (SDMA), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), and/or single-input single-output (SISO). The master station  102  and/or wireless STA  104  may be configured to operate in accordance with NG60, WiGiG, and/or IEEE 802.11ay. 
     The legacy devices  106  may operate in accordance with one or more of IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac/ad/af/ah/aj, or another legacy wireless communication standard. The legacy devices  106  may be STAs or IEEE STAs. The wireless STAs  104  may be wireless transmit and receive devices such as cellular telephone, smart telephone, handheld wireless device, wireless glasses, wireless watch, wireless personal device, tablet, or another device that may be transmitting and receiving using the IEEE 802.11 protocol such as IEEE 802.11ay or another wireless protocol. In some embodiments, the wireless STAs  104  may operate in accordance with IEEE 802.11ax. The STAs  104  and/or master station  102  may be attached to a BSS and may also operation IEEE 802.11ay where one of the STAs  104  and/or master station  102  takes the role of the PCP. 
     The master station  102  may communicate with legacy devices  106  in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 communication techniques. In example embodiments, the master station  102  may also be configured to communicate with wireless STAs  104  in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 communication techniques. The master station  102  may use techniques of 802.11ad for communication with legacy device. The master station  102  may be a personal basic service set (PBSS) Control Point (PCP) which can be equipped with large aperture antenna array or Modular Antenna Array (MAA). 
     The master station  102  may be equipped with more than one antenna. Each of the antennas of master station  102  may be a phased array antenna with many elements. In some embodiments, an IEEE 802.11ay frame may be configurable to have the same bandwidth as a channel. The frame may be configured to operate over 1-4 2160 MHz channels. The channels may be contiguous. 
     An 802.11ay frame may be configured for transmitting a number of spatial streams, which may be in accordance with MU-MIMO. In other embodiments, the master station  102 , wireless STA  104 , and/or legacy device  106  may also implement different technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) 2000, CDMA 2000 1×, CDMA 2000 Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO), Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), BlueTooth®, or other technologies. 
     Some embodiments relate to 802.11ay communications. In accordance with some IEEE 802.11ay embodiments, a master station  102  may operate as a master station which may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium (e.g., during a contention period) to receive exclusive control of the medium for performing enhanced beamforming training for a multiple access technique such as OFDMA or MU-MIMO. In some embodiments, the multiple-access technique used during the TxOP (transmit opportunity) may be a scheduled OFDMA technique, although this is not a requirement. In some embodiments, the multiple access technique may be a space-division multiple access (SDMA) technique. 
     The master station  102  may also communicate with legacy stations  106  and/or wireless stations  104  in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 communication techniques. 
     In example embodiments, the station  104 , which may be a 802.11ay device, and/or the master station  102  are configured to perform the methods and functions herein described in conjunction with  FIGS. 1-6 . 
       FIG. 2  illustrates an enhanced beam refinement protocol (EBRP) packet  200  in accordance with some embodiments. Illustrated in  FIG. 2  is frequency  204  along a vertical axis, time  202  along a horizontal axis, legacy short training field (L-STF)  206 , legacy channel estimation (L-CE)  208 , legacy header (L-Header)  210 , enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) Header-A  212 , data  214 , and orthogonal sequences  228 , which may include automatic gain control (AGC)  216 , and training units (TRN Units)  218 . The L-STF  206  may be composed of repetitions of Golay sequences. The L-CE  208  may be a concatenation of two sequences. The L-CE  208  may be used for channel estimation and an indication of which modulation is going to be used for the EBRP packet  200 . The L-CE  208  and/or L-Header  210  may indicate either a single carrier modulation or an OFDM modulation. The L-STF  206  and L-CE  208  may help the receiver in signal acquisition, automatic gain control training, predicting the characteristics of the channel for the decoder, and frequency offset estimation and synchronization. 
     The L-Header  210  may indicate the length of the EBRP packet  200  as well as a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) that is compatible with legacy 802.11 devices. The L-Header  210  may indicate a length that includes the orthogonal sequences  228 . The EDMG-header-A  206  may include an indication of the modulation and coding scheme, an indication of enhanced beamforming (EBF) training  220 , a number of transmitter training (TRN-T) sequences  222 , a number of receiver training (TRN-R) sequences (TRN-R)  224 , the number of receiver training sequences per TRN-T sequences, and one or more association identifications (AIDS)  226 . The EBF training  220  may indicate that this is an enhanced BF training. 
     The number of TRN-T sequences  222  may be a number of TRN-T sequences  222  in the orthogonal sequences  228 . The number of TRN-R sequences per TRN-T sequences  222  may be a number of TRN-R sequences per TRN-T sequences in the orthogonal sequences  228 . The AIDS  226  may indicate which stations  104  the EBRP packet  200  is for. The AIDS  226  may indicate an order for the stations  104  to respond to the EBRP packet  200 . The AIDS  226  may indicate the stations  104  for which the AG order for the stations  104  to respond to the EBRP packet  200 . The AIDS  226  may indicate which stations  104  are to be trained with the AGC  216  and TRN Units  218 . Stations  104  may be configured to stop reception of the EBRP packet  200  if they determine their AID is not one of the AIDS  226 . 
     The frame  200  may be transmitted using several antennas. The L-STF, L-CE, L-Header, EDMG-A header are all transmitted from all the antennas with a small delay of a few nano-seconds between the transmission of different antennas. The orthogonal sequences  228  are transmitted using a different set of sequences from each antenna, e.g., A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 . There may be fewer or more antennas. The number of sequences may be based on the number of different antenna (or antenna combinations) used to transmit the orthogonal sequences  228 . For example, as illustrated there are three orthogonal sequences for the three antennas A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 . This enables concurrent training of all the transmit antennas A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 . 
     The data  214  may be a MAC payload that includes data. The data  213  may include the antenna weight vector setting (which may be 3 bits per antenna element) per each of the TRN-T sequences  222  for training antenna weight vector settings. The orthogonal sequences  228  may be sequences of AGC  216  and TRN units  218  transmitted orthogonally on one or more antennas A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 . The AGC  216  may be optional and may be automatic gain control fields. TRN Units  218  are training fields that may be TRN-R or TRN-T training fields. 
     The master station  102  may change the antenna weight vector on each of its antennas at the beginning of each TRN-T field. The total number of TRN units  218  may be up to the number of TRN-T sequences  222  times number of TRN-R sequences per TRN-T  224 . The TRN Units  218  transmitted from each of the initiator transmit antennas are using orthogonal sequences. This allows the simultaneous transmission of TRN Units  218 , which enables simultaneous transmission to multiple receiving stations  104 . 
     The EBRP packet  200  not including the orthogonal sequences  228  may be transmitted with the following antenna vector settings: (1) if only one station  104  is being trained, the antenna weight vector that is the best transmitted sector to that station  104  is used in all antennas. A delay of 2 nanoseconds is used between the transmissions from different antenna. (2) If multiple stations  104  are being trained, then the EBRP packet  200  part not including the orthogonal sequences  228  is transmitted with each antenna using the antenna weight vector setting of the best transmit sector to that antenna. A delay of approximately 2 nanoseconds is used between the transmissions from the different antennas. The EBRP packet  200  may support single input single output (SISO), MIMO, MU-MIMO, and MU-SISO. 
     The EBRP packet  200  enables training several transmit streams and several receiver streams at the same time. The EBRP packet  200  can be used to train one or more stations  104 . The EBRP packet  200  may be a control PHY packet. The EBRP packet  200  may be a single carrier (SC) PHY packet. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a sector level sweep phase  306  and a method of enhanced beam refining (BRP)  308  in accordance with some embodiments. Illustrated in  FIG. 3  are a sector level sweep (SLS) phase  306  and an enhanced BRP method  308 . The enhanced BRP method  308  begins with an initiator  304  transmitting an enhanced BRP  310 . For example, the EBRP packet  200  of  FIG. 2 . The EBRP packet  200  may have three AIDS  226  of three stations  104 . The enhanced BRP method  308  continues with the responders transmitting enhanced BRP response  312 . 1 ,  312 . 2 , and  312 . 3 , in order. The order of the enhanced BRP responses  312 . 1 ,  312 . 2 , and  312 . 3  may be determined by the order of the AIDS  226 . The enhanced BRP responses  312  may include feedback either of the best transmit sector per each of the initiator antennas or the best antenna weight vector setting of each of the initiator transmit antennas. The enhanced BRP responses  312  may be similar to the enhanced BRP  310  with the TRN-T training fields and the TRN-R training fields switched. The method  300  continues with the initiator  304  transmitting an enhanced BRP feedback (FB)  314  packet that includes feedback from the initiator  304  to all the responder stations  104 . The method  400  may end. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a method of enhanced beam refining (BRP)  400  in accordance with some embodiments. The enhanced BRP method  400  begins with an initiator  404 , STA A, transmitting an enhanced BRP  410 . For example, the EBRP packet  200  of  FIG. 2 . The method  400  continues with waiting a BRP inter frame space (BRPIFS)  416 . 1 . The method  400  continues with one of the responders  404 , STA B, transmitting an enhanced BRP response  412 . 1 . The AIDS  226 , e.g., the AIDS  226  of  FIG. 2 , may include the AID of STA B, STA C, and STA D. STA B may transmit the enhanced BRP response  412 . 1  because it was listed first in the AIDS  226 . In some embodiments, the initiator  404 , STA A, will transmit a poll frame to STA B to prompt STA B to transmit the enhanced BRP response  412 . 1 . The method  400  continues with waiting MBIFS  418 . 1 . The method  400  continues with the initiator  404 , STA A, transmitting a BRP poll  414 . 1 . The BRP poll  414 . 1  may include an AID of STA C. The method  400  continues with waiting  418 . 2 . The method  400  continues with one of the responders  404 , STA C, transmitting an enhanced BRP response  412 . 2 . The enhanced BRP responses  412 . 1 ,  412 . 2 ,  412 . 3  may include feedback either of the best transmit sector per each of the initiator antennas or the best antenna weight vector setting of each of the initiator transmit antennas. The enhanced BRP responses  412  may be similar to the enhanced BRP  410  with the TRN-T training fields and the TRN-R training fields switched. 
     The method  400  continues with waiting MBIFS  418 . 3 . The method  400  continues with the initiator  404 , STA A, transmitting a BRP poll  414 . 2  that may include an AID of STA D. The method  400  continues with waiting MBIFS  418 . 4 . The method  400  continues with STA D transmitting enhanced BRP response  412 . 3 . The method  400  may continue for additional responders  402  with the initiator  402  transmitting a BRP poll  414  and the responder  404  responding with an enhanced BRP response  412 . 
     The method  400  continues with waiting BRPIFS  416 . 2 . The method  400  continues with the initiator  404  transmitting an enhanced BRP feedback (FB)  414  packet that includes feedback from the initiator  404  to all the responders  402 . The method  400  may end. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a method of transmitting an EBRP packet in accordance with some embodiments. The method  500  begins at operation  502  with encoding an enhanced beam refining protocol (EBRP) packet comprising a first portion and a second portion. In some embodiments the first portion may comprise an indication of a first number of transmit antenna training settings (N-TX), and an indication of a second number of receive training subfields per N-TX settings (N-RX). In some embodiments the second portion may comprise a third number of training subfields, where the third number is less than or equal to N-TX times N-RX. For example, an initiator  304  may encode packet  200 . 
     The method  500  continues at operation  504  with transmitting the first portion of the EBRP packet. For example, the initiator  304  may transmit a first portion of EBRP  200  which may include one or more of L-STF  206 , L-CE  208 , L-Header  210 , EDMG header-A  212 , and data  214 . 
     The method  500  continues at operation  506  with transmitting the second portion of the EBRP packet where two or more training subfields are transmitted simultaneously. In some embodiments, the second portion of the EBRP packet includes a third number of training subfields to be transmitted, where two or more of the third number of training subfields are to be transmitted simultaneously using different antennas of a plurality of antennas and orthogonal sequences. For example, the initiator  304  may transmit orthogonal sequences  228  as described in conjunction with  FIGS. 2 and 3 . The method  500  may end. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a wireless device in accordance with some embodiments. Wireless device  600  may be an IEEE 802.11ay compliant device that may be arranged to communicate with one or more other IEEE 802.11ay devices, such as STAs  104  ( FIG. 1 ) or master station  102  ( FIG. 1 ) as well as communicate with legacy devices  106  ( FIG. 1 ). STAs  104  and legacy devices  106  may also be referred to as 802.11ay devices and legacy STAs, respectively. Wireless device  600  may be suitable for operating as master station  102  ( FIG. 1 ) or a STA  104  ( FIG. 1 ). In accordance with embodiments, wireless device  600  may include, among other things, a transmit/receive element  601  (for example an antenna), a transceiver  602 , physical (PHY) circuitry  604 , and media access control (MAC) circuitry  606 . PHY circuitry  604  and MAC circuitry  606  may be an IEEE 802.11ay compliant layers and may also be compliant with one or more legacy IEEE 802.11 standards. MAC circuitry  606  may be arranged to configure packets such as a physical layer convergence procedure (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDUs) and arranged to transmit and receive PPDUs, among other things. Wireless device  600  may also include circuitry  608  and memory  610  configured to perform the various operations described herein. The circuitry  608  may be coupled to the transceiver  602 , which may be coupled to the transmit/receive element  601 . While  FIG. 6  depicts the circuitry  608  and the transceiver  602  as separate components, the circuitry  608  and the transceiver  602  may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip. 
     In some embodiments, the MAC circuitry  606  may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium during a beam forming training period. In some embodiments, the MAC circuitry  606  may be arranged to contend for the wireless medium based on channel contention settings, a transmitting power level, and a CCA level. 
     The PHY circuitry  604  may be arranged to transmit the 802.11ay PPDU. The PHY circuitry  604  may include circuitry for modulation/demodulation, upconversion/downconversion, filtering, amplification, etc. In some embodiments, the circuitry  608  may include one or more processors. The circuitry  608  may be configured to perform functions based on instructions being stored in a RAM or ROM, or based on special purpose circuitry. The circuitry  608  may be termed processing circuitry in accordance with some embodiments. The circuitry  608  may include a processor such as a general purpose processor or special purpose processor. The circuitry  608  may implement one or more functions associated with transmit/receive elements  601 , the transceiver  602 , the PHY circuitry  604 , the MAC circuitry  606 , and/or the memory  610 . 
     In some embodiments, the circuitry  608  may be configured to perform one or more of the functions and/or methods described herein and/or in conjunction with  FIGS. 1-6  such as identifying spatial reuse opportunities, signaling spatial reuse opportunities, and spatially reusing one or more channels. 
     In some embodiments, the transmit/receive elements  601  may be two or more antennas that may be coupled to the PHY circuitry  604  and arranged for sending and receiving signals including transmission of the 802.11ay packets. The transceiver  602  may transmit and receive data such as 802.11ay PPDU and packets that include an indication that the wireless device  600  should adapt the channel contention settings according to settings included in the packet. The memory  610  may store information for configuring the other circuitry to perform operations for configuring and transmitting 802.11ay packets and performing the various operations to perform one or more of the functions and/or methods described herein and/or in conjunction with  FIGS. 1-6  such as identifying spatial reuse opportunities, signaling spatial reuse opportunities, and spatially reusing one or more channels. 
     In some embodiments, the wireless device  600  may be configured to communicate using OFDM communication signals over a multicarrier communication channel. In some embodiments, wireless device  600  may be configured to communicate in accordance with one or more specific communication standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards including IEEE 802.11-2012, 802.11n-2009, 802.11ac-2013, 802.11ax, DensiFi, standards and/or proposed specifications for WLANs, or other standards as described in conjunction with  FIG. 1 , although the scope of the invention is not limited in this respect as they may also be suitable to transmit and/or receive communications in accordance with other techniques and standards. In some embodiments, the wireless device  600  may use 4× symbol duration of 802.11n or 802.11ac. 
     In some embodiments, an wireless device  600  may be part of a portable wireless communication device, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), an access point, a base station, a transmit/receive device for a wireless standard such as 802.11 or 802.16, or other device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly. In some embodiments, the mobile device may include one or more of a keyboard, a display, a non-volatile memory port, multiple antennas, a graphics processor, an application processor, speakers, and other mobile device elements. The display may be an LCD screen including a touch screen. 
     The transmit/receive element  601  may comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals. In some multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) embodiments, the antennas may be effectively separated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result. 
     Although the wireless device  600  is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. For example, some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein. In some embodiments, the functional elements may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements. 
     Some embodiments may be implemented fully or partially in software and/or firmware. This software and/or firmware may take the form of instructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Those instructions may then be read and executed by one or more processors to enable performance of the operations described herein. Those instructions may then be read and executed by one or more processors to cause the device  600  to perform the methods and/or operations described herein. The instructions may be in any suitable form, such as but not limited to source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. Such a computer-readable medium may include any tangible non-transitory medium for storing information in a form readable by one or more computers, such as but not limited to read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; a flash memory, etc. 
     The following examples pertain to further embodiments. Example 1 is an apparatus of an access point or station. The apparatus comprising memory and processing circuitry coupled to the memory. The processing circuitry configured to: encode an enhanced beam refining protocol (EBRP) packet comprising a first portion comprising an indication of a first number of transmit antenna training settings (N-TX), and an indication of a second number of receive training subfields per N-TX settings (N-RX), and a second portion comprising a third number of training subfields, wherein the third number is less than or equal to N-TX times N-RX; cause the first portion of the EBRP packet to be transmitted; and cause the second portion comprising the third number of training subfields to be transmitted, wherein two or more of the third number of training subfields are to be transmitted simultaneously using different antennas of a plurality of antennas and orthogonal sequences. 
     In Example 2, the subject matter of Example 1 can optionally include where the EBRP packet further comprises a legacy header which indicates a packet length of the first portion and the second portion, and wherein the second portion further comprises automatic gain control (AGC). 
     In Example 3, the subject matter of Examples 1 or 2 can optionally include where the processing circuitry is further configured to: encode the EBRP packet with one or more association identifiers (AIDS), wherein the AIDS indicate stations that are to respond to the EBRP packet. 
     In Example 4, the subject matter of Example 3 can optionally include where the processing circuitry is further configured to: receive feedback from a one or more stations corresponding to the one or more AIDs in a sequential order in accordance with an order of the AIDs. 
     In Example 5, the subject matter of Example 4 can optionally include where the processing circuitry is further configured to: encode a final EBRP feedback packet based on the feedback from the one or more stations; and cause the final EBRP feedback packet to be transmitted to the one or more stations. 
     In Example 6, the subject matter of Example 3 can optionally include where the processing circuitry is further configured to: encode a poll packet to each station of a plurality of stations corresponding to the one or more AIDs; cause to be transmitted the poll packet; and receive a feedback from the station in response to the poll packet. 
     In Example 7, the subject matter of any of Examples 1-6 can optionally include where if only one station is to be trained an antenna weight vector that corresponds to a best transmitted sector for the one station is to be used for each antenna of the plurality of antennas to transmit the first portion of the EBRP packet. 
     In Example 8, the subject matter of any of Examples 1-7 can optionally include where if multiple stations are to be trained, each antenna of the plurality of antennas is to use a best transmit sector for the antenna to transmit the first portion of the EBRP packet. 
     In Example 9, the subject matter of any of Examples 1-8 can optionally include where the processing circuitry is further configure to: encode in the first portion a media access control data portion, wherein the data portion comprises a 3 bit weight vector for each of the first number of transmit antenna training settings for each antenna of the plurality of antennas. 
     In Example 10, the subject matter of any of Examples 1-9 can optionally include where the access point or station is one from the following group: an Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (IEEE) 802.11ay access point, an IEEE 802.11ay station, IEEE 802.11ay a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point (PCP), an access point, a station, and a PCP. 
     In Example 11, the subject matter of any of Examples 1-10 can optionally include where the processing circuitry is configured to transmit and receive in accordance with multiple input multiple output (MIMO), multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) single input single output (SISO), and/or multiple users single input single output (MU-SISO). 
     In Example 12, the subject matter of any of Examples 1-11 can optionally include a plurality of antennas coupled to the processing circuitry. 
     Example 13 is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by one or more processors to perform operations for device-to-device spatial reuse on an access point or station. The operations to configure the access point or station to: encode an enhanced beam refining protocol (EBRP) packet comprising a first portion comprising an indication of a first number of transmit antenna training settings (N-TX), and an indication of a second number of receive training subfields per N-TX settings (N-RX), and a second portion comprising a third number of training subfields, wherein the third number is less than or equal to N-TX times N-RX; cause the first portion of the EBRP packet to be transmitted; and cause the second portion comprising the third number of training subfields to be transmitted, wherein two or more of the third number of training subfields are to be transmitted simultaneously using different antennas of a plurality of antennas and orthogonal sequences. 
     In Example 14, the subject matter of Example 13 can optionally include where the instructions further configure the access point or station to: encode the BRP packet with one or more association identifiers (AIDS), wherein the AIDS indicate stations that are to respond to the EBRP packet. 
     In Example 15, the subject matter of Examples 13 or 14 can optionally include where the instructions further configure the access point or station to: receive feedback from a one or more stations corresponding to the one or more AIDs in a sequential order in accordance with an order of the AIDs. 
     In Example 16, the subject matter of Examples 15 can optionally include where the instructions further configure the access point or station to: encode a final EBRP feedback packet based on the feedback from the one or more stations; and cause the final EBRP feedback packet to be transmitted to the one or more stations. 
     In Example 17, the subject matter of Examples 15 can optionally include where the instructions further configure the access point or station to: encode a poll packet to each station of a plurality of stations corresponding to the one or more AIDs; cause to be transmitted the poll packet; and receive a feedback from the station in response to the poll packet. 
     Example 18 is a method performed by an access point or station. The method comprising: encoding an enhanced beam refining protocol (EBRP) packet comprising a first portion comprising an indication of a first number of transmit antenna training settings (N-TX), and an indication of a second number of receive training subfields per N-TX settings (N-RX), and a second portion comprising a third number of training subfields, wherein the third number is less than or equal to N-TX times N-RX; transmitting the first portion of the EBRP packet; and transmitting the second portion comprising the third number of training subfields to be transmitted, wherein two or more of the third number of training subfields are to be transmitted simultaneously using different antennas of a plurality of antennas and orthogonal sequences. 
     In Example 19, the subject matter of Example 18 can optionally include encoding the BRP packet with one or more association identifiers (AIDS), wherein the AIDS indicate stations that are to respond to the EBRP packet. 
     Example 20 is an apparatus of an access point or station, the apparatus comprising memory and processing circuitry coupled to the memory. The processing circuitry configured to: decode a first portion of an enhanced beam refining protocol (EBRP) packet comprising an indication of a first number of transmit antenna training settings (N-TX), and an indication of a second number of receive training subfields per N-TX settings (N-RX); decode a second portion comprising a third number of training subfields, wherein the third number is less than or equal to N-TX times N-RX, wherein two or more of the third number of training subfields are to be received simultaneously using different antenna of a plurality of antennas and orthogonal sequences; and analyze the decoded second portion and encode feedback training subfields. 
     In Example 21, the subject matter of Example 20 can optionally include where the processing circuitry is further configured to: determine if the EBRP packet comprises an association identifier (AID) of the access point or station and if the EBRP packet does not comprise an AID of the access point or station then disregard the EBRP packet. 
     In Example 22, the subject matter of Examples 21 can optionally include where the processing circuitry is further configured to: encode feedback to the EBRP packet and cause the feedback to be transmitted to an initiator wireless device in a sequential order in accordance with an order of the AID in a list of AIDs. 
     In Example 23, the subject matter of any of Examples 20-22 can optionally include where the access point or station is one from the following group: an Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (IEEE) 802.11ay access point, an IEEE 802.11ay station, IEEE 802.11ay a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point (PCP), an access point, a station, and a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point PCP. 
     In Example 24, the subject matter of any of Examples 20-23 can optionally include where the processing circuitry is configured to transmit and receive in accordance with multiple input multiple output (MIMO), multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) single input single output (SISO), and/or multiple users single input single output (MU-SISO). 
     In Example 25, the subject matter of any of Examples 20-24 can optionally include a plurality of antennas coupled to the processing circuitry. 
     Example 26 is an apparatus of an access point or station. The apparatus comprising: means for encoding an enhanced beam refining protocol (EBRP) packet comprising a first portion comprising an indication of a first number of transmit antenna training settings (N-TX), and an indication of a second number of receive training subfields per N-TX settings (N-RX), and a second portion comprising a third number of training subfields, wherein the third number is less than or equal to N-TX times N-RX; means for causing the first portion of the EBRP packet to be transmitted; and means for causing the second portion comprising the third number of training subfields to be transmitted, wherein two or more of the third number of training subfields are to be transmitted simultaneously using different antennas of a plurality of antennas and orthogonal sequences. 
     In Example 27, the subject matter of Example 26 can optionally include where the EBRP packet further comprises a legacy header which indicates a packet length of the first portion and the second portion, and wherein the second portion further comprises automatic gain control (AGC). 
     In Example 28, the subject matter of Examples 26 or 27 can optionally include means for encoding the EBRP packet with one or more association identifiers (AIDS), wherein the AIDS indicate stations that are to respond to the EBRP packet. 
     In Example 29, the subject matter of Example 28 can optionally include means for receiving feedback from a one or more stations corresponding to the one or more AIDs in a sequential order in accordance with an order of the AIDs. 
     In Example 30, the subject matter of Example 29 can optionally include means for encoding a final EBRP feedback packet based on the feedback from the one or more stations; and means for causing the final EBRP feedback packet to be transmitted to the one or more stations. 
     In Example 31, the subject matter of Example 30 can optionally include means for encoding a poll packet to each station of a plurality of stations corresponding to the one or more AIDs; means for causing to be transmitted the poll packet; and means for receiving a feedback from the station in response to the poll packet. 
     In Example 32, the subject matter of any of Examples 26-31 can optionally include where if only one station is to be trained an antenna weight vector that corresponds to a best transmitted sector for the one station is to be used for each antenna of the plurality of antennas to transmit the first portion of the EBRP packet. 
     In Example 33, the subject matter of any of Examples 26-32 can optionally include where if multiple stations are to be trained, each antenna of the plurality of antennas is to use a best transmit sector for the antenna to transmit the first portion of the EBRP packet. 
     In Example 34, the subject matter of any of Examples 26-33 can optionally include means for encoding in the first portion a media access control data portion, wherein the data portion comprises a 3 bit weight vector for each of the first number of transmit antenna training settings for each antenna of the plurality of antennas. 
     In Example 35, the subject matter of any of Examples 26-34 can optionally include where the access point or station is one from the following group: an Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (IEEE) 802.11ay access point, an IEEE 802.11ay station, IEEE 802.11ay a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point (PCP), an access point, a station, and a PCP. 
     In Example 36, the subject matter of any of Examples 26-35 can optionally include means for transmitting and receiving in accordance with multiple input multiple output (MIMO), multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) single input single output (SISO), and/or multiple users single input single output (MU-SISO). 
     In Example 37, the subject matter of any of Examples 26-36 can optionally include means for transmitting and receiving radio waves. 
     Example 38 is an apparatus of an access point or station, the apparatus comprising: means for decoding a first portion of an enhanced beam refining protocol (EBRP) packet comprising an indication of a first number of transmit antenna training settings (N-TX), and an indication of a second number of receive training subfields per N-TX settings (N-RX); means for decoding a second portion comprising a third number of training subfields, wherein the third number is less than or equal to N-TX times N-RX, wherein two or more of the third number of training subfields are to be received simultaneously using different antenna of a plurality of antennas and orthogonal sequences; and means for analyzing the decoded second portion and encode feedback training subfields. 
     In Example 39, the subject matter of any of Examples 26-33 can optionally include means for determining if the EBRP packet comprises an association identifier (AID) of the access point or station and if the EBRP packet does not comprise an AID of the access point or station then disregard the EBRP packet. 
     In Example 40, the subject matter of Examples 38 or 39 can optionally include means for encoding feedback to the EBRP packet and cause the feedback to be transmitted to an initiator wireless device in a sequential order in accordance with an order of the AID in a list of AIDs. 
     In Example 41, the subject matter of any of Examples 38-40 can optionally include wherein the access point or station is one from the following group: an Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (IEEE) 802.11ay access point, an IEEE 802.11ay station, IEEE 802.11ay a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point (PCP), an access point, a station, and a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point PCP. 
     In Example 42, the subject matter of any of Examples 38-41 can optionally include means for transmitting and receiving in accordance with multiple input multiple output (MIMO), multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) single input single output (SISO), and/or multiple users single input single output (MU-SISO). 
     In Example 43, the subject matter of any of Examples 38-42 can optionally include means for transmitting and receiving radio signals. 
     Example 44 is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by one or more processors to perform operations for device-to-device spatial reuse on an access point or station. The operations to configure the access point or station to: decode a first portion of an enhanced beam refining protocol (EBRP) packet comprising an indication of a first number of transmit antenna training settings (N-TX), and an indication of a second number of receive training subfields per N-TX settings (N-RX); decode a second portion comprising a third number of training subfields, wherein the third number is less than or equal to N-TX times N-RX, wherein two or more of the third number of training subfields are to be received simultaneously using different antenna of a plurality of antennas and orthogonal sequences; and analyze the decoded second portion and encode feedback training subfields. 
     In Example 45, the subject matter of Example 44 can optionally include where the instructions further configure the access point or station to: determine if the EBRP packet comprises an association identifier (AID) of the access point or station and if the EBRP packet does not comprise an AID of the access point or station then disregard the EBRP packet. 
     In Example 46, the subject matter of Examples 44 or 45 can optionally include where the instructions further configure the access point or station to: encode feedback to the EBRP packet and cause the feedback to be transmitted to an initiator wireless device in a sequential order in accordance with an order of the AID in a list of AIDs. 
     In Example 47, the subject matter of any of Examples 44-46 can optionally include where the access point or station is one from the following group: an Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (IEEE) 802.11ay access point, an IEEE 802.11ay station, IEEE 802.11ay a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point (PCP), an access point, a station, and a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point PCP. 
     In Example 48, the subject matter of any of Examples 44-47 can optionally include where the instructions further configure the access point or station to: transmit and receive in accordance with multiple input multiple output (MIMO), multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) single input single output (SISO), and/or multiple users single input single output (MU-SISO). 
     Example 49 is a method performed an access point or station. The method comprising: decoding a first portion of an enhanced beam refining protocol (EBRP) packet comprising an indication of a first number of transmit antenna training settings (N-TX), and an indication of a second number of receive training subfields per N-TX settings (N-RX); decoding a second portion comprising a third number of training subfields, wherein the third number is less than or equal to N-TX times N-RX, wherein two or more of the third number of training subfields are to be received simultaneously using different antenna of a plurality of antennas and orthogonal sequences; and analyzing the decoded second portion and encode feedback training subfields. 
     In Example 50, the subject matter of Example 49 can optionally include determine if the EBRP packet comprises an association identifier (AID) of the access point or station and if the EBRP packet does not comprise an AID of the access point or station then disregard the EBRP packet. 
     In Example 51, the subject matter of Examples 49 or 50 can optionally include encoding feedback to the EBRP packet and cause the feedback to be transmitted to an initiator wireless device in a sequential order in accordance with an order of the AID in a list of AIDs. 
     In Example 52, the subject matter of any of Examples 49-51 can optionally include where the access point or station is one from the following group: an Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (IEEE) 802.11ay access point, an IEEE 802.11ay station, IEEE 802.11ay a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point (PCP), an access point, a station, and a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point PCP. 
     In Example 53, the subject matter of any of Examples 49-52 can optionally include transmitting and receiving in accordance with multiple input multiple output (MIMO), multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) single input single output (SISO), and/or multiple users single input single output (MU-SISO). 
     The Abstract is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. Section 1.72(b) requiring an abstract that will allow the reader to ascertain the nature and gist of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to limit or interpret the scope or meaning of the claims. The following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment.