Patent Publication Number: US-11021866-B2

Title: Building and construction method for same

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Field of the Invention 
     Present invention relates to a wooden building comprising horizontal members and vertical members to be fitted to the horizontal members, and construction method for same. 
     Description of Related Art 
     A wooden wall frame construction method (Hereinafter, referred to as “two by four construction method” or “2×4 construction method”) is often used for recent buildings. 
     For example, in Patent Literature 1, it is proposed to use two by four material of (37 mm to 39 mm)×(88 mm to 90 mm) with a length of integral multiple of 1 inch, instead of framework material, as a stud to be built between the pillars, in order to decrease materials and man-hours in conventional (framework) construction method. 
     In addition, in Patent Literature 2, a wall structure of two by four constructed by connecting panels extended with outer wall plate (3) at external surface (1A) and having a header support (1) at end surface for connecting adjacent panels accurately in identical plane and for improving connection strength, wherein studs (4) are fixed at connected surfaces of panels at both sides, is proposed. 
     Patent Literature 1: JP 2012-219496 A 
     Patent Literature 2: JP H8-105129 A 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     However, in a conventional method, at a position where a joint will be required, a special processing was necessary. In addition, as special processing is necessary, a variation in a quality of buildings occurs by skills of workers. 
     Here, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a building and a construction method with improved workability, and also, which does not cause a variation in a quality of buildings, by enabling materials to be joined easily without special processing by forming mortises. 
     A building relating to one embodiment of the present invention is a wooden building constructed by fitting horizontal members and vertical members, comprising: lower frames, first upper frames, second upper frames, and side joists as the horizontal members; and pillars as the vertical members, wherein the lower frames, the first upper frames, the second upper frames, and the side joists are provided with mortises at least at a part of the lower frames, the first upper frames, the second upper frames, and the side joists in longitudinal direction, the first upper frames are provided with a recessed groove over entire length in longitudinal direction, the second upper frames are provided with a protrusion over entire length in longitudinal direction, the mortises provided at the lower frames and the first upper frames are through holes, and the pillars are provided with protrusions at both ends, which can be fitted into the mortises provided at the lower frames, the first upper frames, the second upper frames, and the side joists. 
     In this way, it is possible to provide a building with improved workability, and also, which does not cause a variation in a quality of buildings, by enabling materials to be joined easily without special processing by forming mortises. 
     At this time, in one embodiment of the present invention, it is further comprising third upper frames as the horizontal members, and the third upper frames may be provided to be fitted to the second upper frames such that a difference at one side of the protrusion provided at the second upper frames will be absorbed. 
     In this way, the third upper frames can be put on the second upper frames stably, so it is possible to raise a height of a ceiling. 
     At this time, in one embodiment of the present invention, the mortises provided at the lower frames are formed by two or more intermediate sawn plates aligned at intervals in a line of horizontal direction, and by two sawn plates interposing the intermediate sawn plates at both sides and having longer entire length than the two or more intermediate sawn plates, the intermediate sawn plates and two sawn plates at both sides are having same plate width, and the mortises provided at the first upper frames and the second upper frames are formed by two or more intermediate sawn plates aligned at intervals in a line of horizontal direction, and by two sawn plates interposing the intermediate sawn plates at both sides and having longer entire length than the two or more intermediate sawn plates, the intermediate sawn plates and two sawn plates at both sides are having same plate width or different plate width, and the recessed groove provided at the first upper frames is formed by interposing the intermediate sawn plates at both sides by two sawn plates having wider plate width than the intermediate sawn plates, and the protrusion provided at the second upper frames is formed by providing a sawn plate with same plate width as the two sawn plates at both sides of the second upper frames on the intermediate sawn plates of the second upper frames, the mortises provided at the side joists are formed by two sawn plates with same plate width and two or more sawn plates with different plate width provided at intervals on one of the two sawn plates which fits into the recessed groove of the first upper frames, and the protrusions provided at the pillars are formed by interposing one intermediate sawn plate at both sides by two sawn plates having shorter entire length than the intermediated sawn plate, the intermediate sawn plate and two sawn plates at both sides are having same plate width. 
     In this way, the mortises of the lower frames, the first upper frames, the second upper frames, the side joists, or the recessed groove of the first upper frames, and the protrusions of the pillars are formed clearly, and it is possible to provide a building with improved workability, and also, which does not cause a variation in a quality of buildings, by enabling materials to be joined easily without special processing by forming mortises. 
     The building further comprises fixing metal fittings for joining the pillars to the lower frames, the fixing metal fittings are respectively provided with a joint base in groove shape mainly composing the joint metal, and a cover spacer in groove shape capable of supporting axial load of a pillar of the pillars by covering an open surface of the joint base, the joint base comprises: a plane section in rectangular shape in which bolt holes are drilled and a shape of which coincides with an end surface of the pillar; a pair of groove walls composed of side edges of the plane section respectively bent vertically in L shape; and a joining plate standing at a height surpassing the groove walls from the plane section and supported by welded part contacting at least the pair of the groove walls or a groove bottom, the cover spacer comprises: a plane section in rectangular shape for supporting the pillar by abutting to the end surface of the pillar; a pair of groove walls composed of side edges of the plane section respectively bent vertically in L shape; and a slit drilled such that the joining plate will be fitted into the slit when covering the joint base, wherein in a state assembled as the joint metal, fastening bolts penetrated through or embedded in a horizontal member of the horizontal members are penetrated through the bolt holes, and the plane section of the joint base is fastened to the horizontal member by a nut, further, the joining plate is penetrated through the slit, and also, tips of the fastening bolts and the nuts screwed to the fastening bolts are housed in a box-shaped space surrounded by the joint base and the cover spacer, the end surface of the pillar abuts the plane section of the cover spacer, and also, the pillar and the joining plate fitted into a groove hole drilled at the pillar are drift-pin joined by a plurality of drift pins. 
     In this way, it is possible to provide a building with improved workability, and also, which does not cause a variation in a quality of buildings, by enabling materials to be joined easily without special processing, as the pillars can be fitted easily to the lower frames and structural strength will be improved. 
     In addition, in one embodiment of the present invention, a depth of the mortises of the lower frames, the first upper frames, the second upper frames, and the side joists may be larger than a height of the protrusions of the pillars. 
     In this way, it is possible to provide a building not causing a variation in a quality of buildings further, as the pillars will be able to be fitted to the lower frames, the first and second upper frames, and the side joists, even if the protrusions of the pillars are expanded by humidity and become higher than a depth of the mortises of the lower frames, the first and second upper frames, and the side joists, and a depth of the recessed groove of the first upper frames. 
     In addition, in one embodiment of the present invention, a protrusion or a recess may be provided at both ends in longitudinal direction of each of the lower frames, the first upper frames and the second upper frames. 
     In this way, coupling of the lower frames themselves and the upper frames themselves will be easy. 
     In addition, in one embodiment of the present invention, 204 material, 205 material, 206 material, 208 material, 210 material, and 212 material may be used as the horizontal members and vertical members. 
     In this way, it is possible to correspond to various materials. 
     In addition, in one embodiment of the present invention, the lower frames, the first upper frames, the second upper frames, the side joists, and the pillars may be formed in equivalent shape from solid wood, laminated wood, or laminated veneer lumber. 
     In this way, it is possible to correspond to solid wood, laminated wood, or laminated veneer lumber. 
     In addition, in other embodiment of the present invention, it is a construction method for fitting and assembling at least horizontal members and vertical members at the construction site, comprising: a horizontal member forming step for forming the horizontal members; a vertical member forming step for forming the vertical members; and an assembling step for fitting and assembling the horizontal members and the vertical members, wherein lower frames, first upper frames, second upper frames and side joists are provided as the horizontal members, pillars are provided as the vertical members, the lower frames, the first upper frames, the second upper frames, and the side joists are provided with mortises at least at a part of the first upper frames, the second upper frames, and the side joists in longitudinal direction, the first upper frames are provided with a recessed groove over entire length in longitudinal direction, the second upper frames are provided with a protrusion over entire length in longitudinal direction, the mortises provided at the lower frames and the first upper frames are through holes, and the pillars are provided with protrusions at both ends, which can be fitted into the mortises provided at the lower frames, the first upper frames, the second upper frames, and the side joists. 
     In this way, it is possible to provide a construction method with improved workability, and also, which does not cause a variation in a quality of buildings, by enabling materials to be joined easily without special processing by forming mortises. 
     At this time, in one embodiment of the present application, third upper frames are further provided as the horizontal members, and the third upper frames may be provided to be fitted to the second upper frames such that a difference at one side of the protrusion provided at the second upper frames will be absorbed. 
     In this way, the third upper frames can be put on the second upper frames stably, so it is possible to raise a height of a ceiling. 
     In addition, in other embodiment of the present invention, the mortises provided at the lower frames are formed by two or more intermediate sawn plates aligned at intervals in a line of horizontal direction, and by two sawn plates interposing the intermediate sawn plates at both sides and having longer entire length than the two or more intermediate sawn plates, the intermediate sawn plates and the two sawn plates at both sides are having same plate width, and the mortises provided at the first upper frames and the second upper frames are formed by two or more intermediate sawn plates aligned at intervals in a line of horizontal direction, and by two sawn plates interposing the intermediate sawn plates at both sides and having longer entire length than the two or more intermediate sawn plates, the intermediate sawn plates and the two sawn plates at both sides are having same plate width or different plate width, and the recessed groove provided at the first upper frames is formed by interposing the intermediate sawn plates at both sides by the two sawn plates having wider plate width than the intermediate sawn plates, and the protrusion provided at the second upper frames is formed by providing a sawn plate with same plate width as the two sawn plates at both sides of the second upper frames on the intermediate sawn plates of the second upper frames, the mortises provided at the side joists are formed by two sawn plates with same plate width and two or more sawn plates with different plate width provided at intervals on one of the two sawn plates which fits into the recessed groove of the first upper frames, and protrusions provided at the pillars are formed by interposing one intermediate sawn plate at both sides by two sawn plates having shorter entire length than the intermediated sawn plate, the intermediate sawn plate and the two sawn plates at both sides are having same plate width. 
     In this way, the mortises of the lower frames, the first upper frames, the second upper frames, the side joists, or the recessed groove of the first upper frames, and the protrusions of the pillars are formed clearly, and it is possible to provide a construction method with improved workability, and also, which does not cause a variation in a quality of buildings, by enabling materials to be joined easily without special processing by forming mortises. 
     In addition, in other embodiment of the present invention, the horizontal member forming step and/or the vertical member forming step may be performed at the construction site. 
     In this way, it is possible to provide a construction method with more improved workability, and also, which does not cause a variation in a quality of buildings. 
     As explained in the above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a building and a construction method with improved workability, and also, which does not cause a variation in a quality of buildings, by enabling materials to be joined easily without special processing by forming mortises. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic view illustrating a building relating to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic view illustrating an assembly of lower frames and pillars used for the building relating to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic view illustrating an assembly of the pillars and first upper frames used for the building relating to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic view illustrating a lower frame used for the building relating to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic view illustrating upper frames used for the building relating to one embodiment of the present invention, and  FIG. 5(A)  is a schematic view of a first upper frame, and  FIG. 5(B)  is a schematic view of a second upper frame, and  FIG. 5(C)  is a schematic view of a third upper frame, and  FIG. 5(D)  is a schematic view illustrating a joining of the first upper frames themselves and the pillar. 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic view illustrating joists used for the building relating to one embodiment of the present invention, and  FIG. 6(A)  is a schematic view of a side joist, and  FIG. 6(B)  is a schematic view of a joist single, and  FIG. 6(C)  is a schematic view of a joist triple. 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic view illustrating a roof beam used for the building relating to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic view illustrating a joining of the third upper frames themselves and the roof beam used for the building relating to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  is a schematic view illustrating a pillar used for the building relating to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 10  is a schematic view illustrating a fixing metal fitting used for the building relating to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 11  is a schematic view illustrating the fixing metal fitting, in which a cover spacer is removed, that is a joint base used for the building relating to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 12  is a flow chart illustrating an outline of a construction method relating to other embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     A wooden framework construction method (hereinafter, referred to as “conventional construction method”) is a traditional construction method in Japan, and it is a construction method for assembling by providing joints to precut pillars and beam materials, and by reinforcing with metal fittings. A wooden framework panel construction method (hereinafter, referred to as “I.D.S construction method”) based on this construction method also belongs to a category of the conventional construction method basically. On the other hand, 2×4 construction method is a traditional construction method in North America, and it is having an advantage that advanced processing technique is not necessary, as standardized panels are assembled by metal fittings or nailing. In addition, a wooden framework is assembled by structural materials. 
     As lumbers for 2×4 construction method, it is defined in JAS (Japanese Agricultural Standard), but woods with prescribed size specified by names below are used. In other words, 1×4 (19×89 mm for dried wood), 1×6, 2×2, 2×3, 2×4 (204 material), 2×5 (205 material), 2×6 (206 material), 2×8, 2×10 (210 material), 2×12, 4×4 (404 material), and 4×6 (406 material) with different sectional shapes are used. In addition, the names are derived from inch size, but actual sizes are smaller than the named inch size. 
     Hereinafter, it is explained in detail about preferred embodiments of the present invention, in the following order. In addition, the embodiments of the present invention explained in below should not unjustly limit the content of the present invention described in claims, and not all of the features explained in the embodiments of the present invention are necessary as means for solving the problem of the present invention. In addition, about a building and a construction method relating to one embodiment of the present invention, it is not limited to 2×4 building.
     1. Building   2. Construction method   2-1. Horizontal member forming step   2-2. Vertical member forming step   2-3. Assembling step
 
[1. Building]
   

       FIG. 1  is a schematic view illustrating a building  100  relating to one embodiment of the present invention. As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the building  100  relating to one embodiment of the present invention is a wooden building constructed by fitting horizontal members arranged horizontally and vertical members arranged vertically, wherein lower frames  10 , first upper frames  20 , second upper frames  30 , and side joists  50  are provided as the horizontal members, and pillars  80  are provided as the vertical members. 
     It will be described in detail later, but the lower frames  10 , the first upper frames  20 , the second upper frames  30 , and the side joists  50  are provided with mortises  15 ,  25 ,  35 ,  55  at least at a part of the lower frames  10 , the first upper frames  20 , the second upper frames  30 , and the side joists  50  in longitudinal direction, the first upper frames  20  are provided with a recessed groove  23  over entire length in longitudinal direction, the second upper frames  30  are provided with a protrusion  36  over entire length in longitudinal direction, the mortises  15 ,  25  provided at the lower frames  10  and the first upper frames  20  are through holes, and the pillars  80  are provided with protrusions  83  at both ends, which can be fitted into the mortises  15 ,  25 ,  35 ,  55  provided at the lower frames  10 , the first upper frames  20 , the second upper frames  30 , and the side joists  50 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , a sill  1  is provided on a foundation, and the lower frames  10  are provided on the sill  1 . In addition, after providing the lower frames  10 , as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , floor materials such as floor plywood  3  may be laid. Publicly known materials are used for the floor materials. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , lower protrusions of the protrusions  83  provided at both ends of the pillars  80  are fitted to the mortises  15  provided at least at a part of the lower frames  10  in longitudinal direction, and the pillars  80  will be self-stood. In this way, the pillars  80  are able to self-stand stably by providing the mortises  15 . As the pillars  80  are able to self-stand stably, mounting of the first upper frames  20  and the second upper frames  30  will be very easy. 
     In addition, as illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the mortises  25  provided at least at a part of the first upper frames  20  in longitudinal direction will be fitted to upper protrusions  83  of self-standing pillars  80 . By providing the mortises  15 ,  25  as illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , positions of the pillars  80  will also be clear, so it is possible to construct the building  100  easily, and to improve workability. 
     In addition, when the building  100  is one-story building, the second upper frames  30  will be used instead of the first upper frames  20  in  FIG. 3 . The second upper frames  30  will be provided on the pillars  80  provided on the top floor. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 1 to 3 , the first upper frames  20  are provided with the recessed groove  23  over entire length in longitudinal direction, and the side joists  50  are fitted to the recessed groove  23 , and cleats are provided at the side joists  50  to provide joists. The cleats regulate a distance between the joists, a plurality of which are standing with spacings, and maintains verticality, so they are having an effect as cleats. In addition, an effect to improve the structural strength can be obtained by the cleats. 
     Floor materials such as floor plywood  3  may be laid on the joists. Publicly known materials are used for the floor materials. By the above, the first floor and the floor of the second floor are constructed. As the joists, joists as illustrated in  FIG. 6  will be used. It will be described in detail later. 
     Next, the protrusions  83  provided at the pillars  80  are fitted to the mortises  55  provided at the side joists  50 , and the pillars  80  of the second floor will be self-stood. When the building  100  is two-story building, the mortises  35  provided at least at a part of the second upper frames  30  in longitudinal direction will be fitted to upper protrusions  83  of self-standing pillars  80 . 
     In addition, it further comprises third upper frames  40  as the horizontal members, and it is preferable that the third upper frames  40  are provided to be fitted to the second upper frames  30  such that a difference at one side of the protrusion  36  provided at the second upper frames  30  will be absorbed. 
     Further, it is preferable to further comprise roof beams  70  as the horizontal members. The roof beams  70  are provided with mortises  73  at least at a part of the roof beams  70  in longitudinal direction, and it is preferable that the mortises  73  are through holes. The protrusions  83  of the pillars  80  are fitted to the mortises  73 . 
     As the above, when it is two-story building, it may be provided in order of the lower frames  10 , the pillars  80 , the first upper frames  20 , and the side joists  50  on the first floor, and in order of the pillars  80  and the second upper frames  30  on the second floor. In addition, when it is three-story building, the first upper frames  20  will be used instead of the second upper frames  30  provided on the pillars  80  of the second floor. In other words, it may be provided in order of the lower frames  10 , the pillars  80 , the first upper frames  20 , and the side joists  50  on the first floor, and in order of the pillars  80 , the first upper frames  20 , and the side joists  50  on the second floor, and in order of the pillars  80  and the second upper frames  30  on the third floor. As such, the first upper frames  20 , the second upper frames  30 , the side joists  50 , and the pillars  80  may be selected and provided according to desired number of stories. 
     And, when the third upper frames  40  are provided, struts will be stood on the third upper frames  40  or the roof beams  70 , and purlins and ridgepoles are built, and rafters and roof boards are applied. 
     Next, concretely explaining the horizontal members and the vertical members used in the building  100  relating to one embodiment of the present invention using  FIGS. 4 to 8 . The lower frames  10 , the first upper frames  20 , the second upper frames  30 , and the side joists  50  are provided as the horizontal members used in the building  100  relating to one embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the pillars  80  and framework walls are provided as the vertical members used in the building  100  relating to one embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, explained in detail. 
       FIG. 4  is a schematic view illustrating a lower frame  10  used for the building relating to one embodiment of the present invention. For example, the lower frame  10  may be formed by using three  204  materials or the like. The lower frame  10  is provided with a mortise  15  at least at a part of the lower frame  10  in longitudinal direction, and a plurality of mortises  15  may be provided according to a number of the pillars  80  used. The mortise  15  is a through hole. And, it is preferable that the mortise  15  provided at the lower frame  10  is formed by two or more intermediate sawn plates  11  aligned at intervals in a line of horizontal direction, and by two sawn plates  12  interposing the intermediate sawn plates  11  at both sides and having longer entire length than the two or more intermediate sawn plates  11 , and that the intermediate sawn plates  11  and two sawn plates  12  at both sides are having same plate width. 
       FIG. 5  is a schematic view illustrating upper frames used for the building  100  relating to one embodiment of the present invention. As illustrated in  FIG. 5(A) , for example, a first upper frame  20  may be formed by using two  208  materials and 204 material with different plate width. The first upper frame  20  is also provided with a mortise  25  at least at a part of the first upper frame  20  in longitudinal direction, and a plurality of mortises  25  may be provided according to a number of the pillars  80  used. In addition, the first upper frame  20  is provided with a recessed groove  23  over entire length in longitudinal direction. The mortise  25  is a through hole. It is preferable that the recessed groove  23  provided at the first upper frame  20  is formed by interposing an intermediate sawn plate  21  of 204 material at both sides by two sawn plates  22  of 208 material having wider plate width than the intermediate sawn plate  21 . And, it is preferable that the mortise  25  provided at the first upper frame  20  is formed by two or more intermediate sawn plates  21  aligned at intervals in a line of horizontal direction, and by two sawn plates  22  interposing the intermediate sawn plates  21  at both sides and having longer entire length than the two or more intermediate sawn plates  21 , the intermediate sawn plates  21  and two sawn plates  22  at both sides are having same plate width or different plate width. 
     In addition, on the pillars  80  of the top floor, a second upper frame  30  as illustrated in  FIG. 5(B)  may be used instead of the first upper frame  20  as illustrated in  FIG. 5(A) . As illustrated in  FIG. 5(B) , the second upper frame  30  is formed by using three 208 materials, and a protrusion  36  is formed by deviating an intermediate sawn plate  31  of 208 material in upper direction. In addition, according to  FIG. 5(B) , a sawn plate  33 ′ of 204 material may be provided further on a right-side sawn plate of 208 material. In this way, a roof beam  70  illustrated in  FIG. 7  can be put on the second upper frame  30  stably, so it is possible to raise a height of a ceiling. 
     For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 5(B) , it is preferable that a mortise  35  provided at the second upper frame  30  is formed by two or more intermediate sawn plates  33  of 204 material aligned at intervals in a line of horizontal direction, and by two sawn plates  32  interposing the intermediate sawn plates  33  at both sides and having longer entire length than the two or more intermediate sawn plates  33 , the intermediate sawn plates  33  and two sawn plates  32  at both sides are having same plate width or different plate width. In addition, the mortise  35  of the second upper frame  30  can be formed as same as the mortise  25  of the first upper frame  20 . 
     After providing the second upper frame  30 , as illustrated in  FIG. 5(B) , at the top floor, it is preferable to provide a third upper frame  40 , as illustrated in  FIG. 5(C) , on the second upper frame  30 . It is preferable that the third upper frame  40  is provided to be fitted to the second upper frame  30  such that a difference at one side of the protrusion  36  provided at the second upper frame  30  will be absorbed. According to  FIG. 5(B) , the third upper frame  40  is provided to be fitted to a difference at left side of the protrusion  36  of the second upper frame  30 . For example, the third upper frame  40  is formed by one sawn plate  42  of 210 material and two sawn plates  41  of 206 material having different entire length or same entire length with respect to the sawn plate  42 . By providing the third upper frame  40 , it is possible to absorb a difference at one side of the protrusion  36 , so upper surface will be more planar shape, and a structure for supporting a roof, a strut, and a rafter will be more stabilized. 
     In addition, as illustrated in  FIGS. 4, 5 (A) and (B), it is further preferable to provide a protrusion  18 ,  28 ,  38  or a recess  19 ,  29 ,  39  at both ends in longitudinal direction of the lower frame  10 , the first upper frame  20 , and the second upper frame  30 . The protrusion  18 ,  28 ,  38  or the recess  19 ,  29 ,  39  provided at both ends in longitudinal direction are formed by deviating the intermediate sawn plates  11 ,  21 ,  33  of 204 material in longitudinal direction. In this way, as illustrated in  FIG. 5(D) , the lower frames  10 , the first upper frames  20 , or the second upper frames  30  themselves can be joined easily. In addition, in  FIG. 5(D) , a joining of the first upper frames  20  themselves and a joining of the pillar  80  is illustrated as an example. 
     In addition, as illustrated in  FIG. 5(C) , it is further preferable to provide protrusions  48  at both ends in longitudinal direction of the third upper frame  40 . The protrusions  48  provided at both ends in longitudinal direction may be formed by deviating one sawn plate  42  of 210 material and two sawn plates  41  of 206 material in longitudinal direction. 
     As mentioned above, the protrusions  83  of the pillars  80  are fitted to the mortises  25 ,  35  formed in the first upper frames  20  or the second upper frames  30  from below. And, the side joists  50  are provided on the first upper frames  20 , concretely, the side joists  50  are fitted to the recessed groove  23  formed in the first upper frames  20 . In addition, the third upper frames  40  are provided on the second upper frames  30 , concretely, the third upper frames  40  are provided to be fitted to the second upper frames  30  such that a difference at one side of the protrusion  36  provided at the second upper frames  30  will be absorbed. 
       FIG. 6  is a schematic view illustrating joists used for the building  100  relating to one embodiment of the present invention. As illustrated in  FIG. 6(A) , for example, a side joist  50  may be formed by using two sawn plates  51 ,  52  of 210 material and sawn plates  53  of 204 material having different plate width with respect to the two sawn plates  51 ,  52 . A mortise  55  is also provided at least at a part of the side joist  50  in longitudinal direction, and a plurality of mortises  55  may be provided according to a number of the pillars  80  used. In addition, it is preferable that the mortise  55  provided at the side joist  50  is formed by are formed by two sawn plates  51 ,  52  having same plate width, and by two or more sawn plates  53  aligned at intervals on the sawn plate  52  at a side fitted to the recessed groove  23  of the first upper frame  20 , and having different plate width with respect to the two sawn plates  51 ,  52 . 
     Further, as the joist, a joist single  60  illustrated in  FIG. 6(B) , or a joist triple  65  illustrated in  FIG. 6(C)  may be used. The joist single  60  may be formed, for example by providing sawn plates  62  of 204 material on a sawn plate  61  of 210 material. In addition, the joist triple  65  may be formed, for example by providing two sawn plates  66  of 210 material at both sides of one intermediate sawn plate  67  of 206 material, and by providing sawn plates  68  of 204 material on the intermediate sawn plate  67  of 206 material. And, floor materials such as floor plywood may be laid on the joists  60 ,  65 . 
     In addition, it is preferable to provide a packing  37  on the intermediate sawn plate  31  of 208 material forming the protrusion  36  of the second upper frame  30  illustrated in  FIG. 5(B) . Also, it is preferable to provide a packing  43 ,  54 ,  63 ,  69  under the sawn plate  42  of 210 material illustrated in  FIG. 5(C) , under the sawn plates  51 ,  52 ,  61  of 210 material illustrated in  FIGS. 6(A)  and (B), and under the intermediate sawn plate  67  of 206 material illustrated in  FIG. 6(C) . By providing the packing as the above, there will be no level difference between the first upper frames  20 , the side joists  50 , and the floor plywood, and the pillars  80  on the second floor can be fitted more horizontally. 
       FIG. 7  is a schematic view illustrating a roof beam  70  used for the building  100  relating to one embodiment of the present invention. It is preferable to provide a roof beam  70  at the building  100  relating to one embodiment of the present invention. The roof beam  70  is provided vertically to the third upper frame  40  illustrated in  FIG. 5(C)  to build a roof. For example, the roof beam  70  may be formed by using three 206 materials  71 ,  72  or the like having same plate width. 
     A mortise  73  is provided at least at a part of the roof beam  70  in longitudinal direction. The mortise  73  is a through hole. As illustrated in  FIG. 7 , it is preferable that the mortise  73  provided at the roof beam  70  is formed by two or more intermediate sawn plates  71 , for example 206 material or the like, aligned at intervals in a line of horizontal direction, and by two sawn plates  72  interposing the intermediate sawn plates  71  at both sides and having longer entire length than the two or more intermediate sawn plates  71 , the intermediate sawn plates  71  and two sawn plates  72  at both sides are having same plate width. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 8 , it is preferable that the third upper frames  40  and the roof beam  70  are provided such that the roof beam  70  will be vertical to a frame in which the third upper frames  40  themselves are fitted to each other. 
       FIG. 9  is a schematic view illustrating a pillar  80  used for the building  100  relating to one embodiment of the present invention. For example, a pillar  80  may be formed by using three 204 materials  81 ,  82  or the like. The pillar  80  is provided with protrusions  83  at both ends in longitudinal direction, which can be fitted to the mortises  15 ,  25 ,  35 ,  55 ,  73  provided at the lower frame  10 , the first upper frame  20 , the second upper frame  30 , the side joist  50 , and the roof beam  70 . And, it is preferable that the protrusions  83  provided at the pillar  80  is formed by interposing one intermediate sawn plate  81  at both sides by two sawn plates  82  having shorter entire length than the intermediate sawn plate  81 , the intermediate sawn plate  81  and two sawn plates  82  at both sides are having same plate width. 
     Here, instead of forming the mortises in the building  100  relating to one embodiment of the present invention, it can be considered to form the recessed groove  23  over entire length in longitudinal direction of the first upper frames  20  illustrated in  FIG. 5(A) , and not to form the mortises, and in that case, freedom of construction will be improved as fine adjustment of positions to stand the pillars will be possible, but the positions of the pillars are not clearly indicated, so work efficiency may be decreased. In addition, in the above case, the pillars will be temporary fixed by nails or the like, but as it is only fixed temporary, the pillars are not fixed completely and unstable, so it will be difficult to fit the upper frames to the pillars. Therefore, the mortises will be formed to the building  100  relating to one embodiment of the present invention. By forming the mortises, the positions to stand the pillars will be clear. In addition, there will not be a problem even for non-skilled workers. 
     From the above, the building  100  as illustrated in  FIG. 1  is completed using the horizontal members and the vertical members as illustrated in  FIGS. 4 to 9 . According to the building  100  relating to one embodiment of the present invention, materials can be joined easily without special processing by forming mortises, so a building with improved workability, and also, which does not cause a variation in a quality of buildings, is provided. In addition, it is possible to set up a framework in short time with few workers, as it is easy to construct. 
     In addition, it is preferable that a depth of the mortises  15 ,  25 ,  35 ,  55 ,  73  of the lower frame  10 , the first upper frame  20 , the second upper frame  30 , the side joist  50 , and/or the roof beam  70  are greater than a height of the protrusions  83  of the pillar  80 . In this way, even when a height of the protrusions  83  of the pillar  80  becomes higher than a depth of the mortises  15 ,  25 ,  35 ,  55 ,  73  of the lower frame  10 , the first upper frame  20 , the second upper frame  30 , the side joist  50 , and/or the roof beam  70 , and a depth of the recessed groove  23  of the first upper frame  20 , by expansion by humidity, the pillar  80  can be fitted to the lower frame  10 , the first upper frame  20 , the second upper frame  30 , the side joist  50 , and/or the roof beam  70 , without cutting down a part of the protrusions  83  which became higher, so it is possible to provide the building  100  which does not cause a variation in a quality of buildings, as there will be no deviation when the building  100  is completed. 
     It is preferable that 204 material, 205 material, 206 material, 208 material, 210 material, and 212 material are used as the horizontal members and the vertical members. In this way, it is possible to correspond to various materials. 
     As mentioned above, the horizontal members and the vertical members used for the building  100  relating to one embodiment of the present invention may be formed by interposing and laminating a plurality of sawn plates. For example, the lower frame  10 , the first upper frame  20 , the second upper frame  30 , the third upper frame  40 , the side joist  50 , the roof beam  70 , and the pillar  80  are formed by interposing and laminating two or three sawn plates, and in this way, it is possible to reduce a loss of material of sawn plates by reforming torsion or bending of each material. And, a joint equivalent to the conventional construction method can be formed by simple processing, for example by cutting length. 
     The lower frame  10 , the first upper frame  20 , the second upper frame  30 , the side joist  50 , and the pillar  80  may be formed in equivalent shape from solid wood, laminated wood, or laminated veneer lumber. In other words, the lower frame, the first upper frame, the second upper frame, the side joist, and the pillar may be formed in equivalent shape from solid wood, laminated wood, or laminated veneer lumber, instead of two or more sawn plates. In this way, it is possible to correspond to solid wood, laminated wood, or laminated veneer lumber. In addition, the roof beam  70  may be formed in equivalent shape from solid wood, laminated wood, or laminated veneer lumber. 
     It is preferable that the building  100  relating to one embodiment of the present invention further comprises a fixing metal fitting  90  for joining the pillar  80  and the lower frame  10 . The fixing metal fitting  90  is referring to a fixing metal fitting described in International Application No. PCT/JP2018/000284. As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the fixing metal fitting  90  is a joint metal for joining the pillar  80  to the lower frame  10  provided on the sill  2 , and the fixing metal fitting  90  is embedded in the pillar  80  and the lower frame  10 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 10 or 11 , the fixing metal fitting  90  comprises: a joint base  91  in groove shape mainly composing a joint metal; and a cover spacer  92  in groove shape capable of supporting axial load of the pillar  80  by covering an open surface of the joint base  91 . And, the joint base  91  comprises: a plane section  94  in rectangular shape in which bolt holes  93  are drilled and a shape of which coincides with an end surface of the pillar  80 ; a pair of groove walls  95  composed of side edges of the plane section  94  respectively bent vertically in L shape; and a joining plate  96  standing at a height surpassing the groove walls  95  from the plane section  94  and supported by welded part J contacting at least the pair of the groove walls  95  or a groove bottom. In addition, the cover spacer  92  comprises: a plane section  97  in rectangular shape for supporting the pillar  80  by abutting to the end surface of the pillar  80 ; a pair of groove walls  98  composed of side edges of the plane section  97  respectively bent vertically in L shape; and a slit  99  drilled such that the joining plate  96  will be fitted into the slit  99  when the cover spacer  92  is covering the joint base  91 . In addition, it is preferable that a bottom surface of the joint base  91  is a plane surface. 
     It is preferable that, in a state assembled as the joint metal, fastening bolts penetrated through or embedded in the lower frame  10  are penetrated through the bolt holes  93 , and the plane section  94  of the joint base  91  is fastened to the lower frame  10  by nuts, further, the joining plate  96  is penetrated through the slit  99 , and also, tips of the fastening bolts and the nuts screwed to the fastening bolts are housed in a box-shaped space surrounded by the joint base  91  and the cover spacer  92 , the end surface of the pillar  80  abuts the plane section  97  of the cover spacer  92 , and also, the pillar  80  and the joining plate  96  fitted into a groove hole drilled at the pillar  80  are drift-pin joined by a plurality of drift pins. In addition, the plurality of drift pins penetrate through drift-pin holes K. 
     In this way, it is possible to provide a building with improved workability, and also, which does not cause a variation in a quality of buildings, by enabling materials to be joined easily without special processing, as the pillars can be fitted easily to the lower frames and structural strength will be improved. 
     [2. Construction Method] 
     Next, explaining about a construction method relating to one embodiment of the present invention. As illustrated in  FIG. 12 , the construction method relating to one embodiment of the present invention is a construction method for fitting and assembling at least horizontal members and vertical members at the construction site, comprising: a horizontal member forming step S 1  for forming the horizontal members; a vertical member forming step S 2  for forming the vertical members; and an assembling step S 3  for fitting and assembling the horizontal members and the vertical members. The construction method relating to one embodiment of the present invention is a construction method using the horizontal members and the vertical members. Explaining in detail in below per each step. In addition, matters overlapping with the content explained in the above will be omitted as possible. 
     [2-1. Horizontal Member Forming Step] 
     The horizontal member forming step S 1  is a step for forming the horizontal members. Lower frames  10 , first upper frames  20 , second upper frames  30 , and side joists  50  are provided as the horizontal members. The lower frames  10 , the first upper frames  20 , the second upper frames  30 , and the side joists  50  are provided with mortises  15 ,  25 ,  35 ,  55  at least at a part of the lower frames  10 , the first upper frames  20 , the second upper frames  30 , and the side joists  50  in longitudinal direction. In addition, the first upper frames  20  are provided with a recessed groove  23  over entire length in longitudinal direction, and the second upper frames  30  are provided with a protrusion  36  over entire length in longitudinal direction. The mortises  15 ,  25  provided at the lower frames  10  and the first upper frames  20  are through holes 
     It is preferable that third upper frames  40  are further provided as the horizontal members, and the third upper frames  40  is provided to be fitted to the second upper frames  30  such that a difference at one side of the protrusion  36  provided at the second upper frames  30  will be absorbed. 
     It is preferable that the mortises  15  provided at the lower frames  10  are formed by two or more intermediate sawn plates  11  aligned at intervals in a line of horizontal direction, and by two sawn plates  12  interposing the intermediate sawn plates  11  at both sides and having longer entire length than the two or more intermediate sawn plates  11 , the intermediate sawn plates  11  and the two sawn plates  12  at both sides are having same plate width. 
     In addition, it is preferable that the mortises  25  provided at the first upper frames  20  are formed by two or more intermediate sawn plates  21  aligned at intervals in a line of horizontal direction, and by two sawn plates  22  interposing the intermediate sawn plates  21  at both sides and having longer entire length than the two or more intermediate sawn plates  21 , the intermediate sawn plates  21  and the two sawn plates  22  at both sides are having same plate width or different plate width. How to form the mortises  35  provided at the second upper frames  30  is same as the mortises  25  of the first upper frames  20 . 
     In addition, it is preferable that the recessed groove  23  provided at the first upper frames  20  is formed by interposing the intermediate sawn plates  21  at both sides by the two sawn plates  22  having wider plate width than the intermediate sawn plates  21 . 
     In addition, it is preferable that the protrusion  36  provided at the second upper frames  30  is formed by providing a sawn plate  31  with same plate width as the two sawn plates  32  at both sides on the intermediate sawn plates  33 . It is preferable that the mortises  55  provided at the side joists  50  are formed by two sawn plates  51 ,  52  with same plate width and two or more sawn plates  53  with different plate width provided at intervals on the sawn plate  52  which is fitted to the recessed groove  23  of the first upper frame  20 . 
     The plurality of sawn plates described in the above and a plurality of sawn plates described in below may be bonded by publicly known method. 
     [2-2. Vertical Member Forming Step] 
     The vertical member forming step S 2  is a step for forming the vertical members. Pillars and framework walls are provided as the vertical members. In addition, the pillars  80  are provided with protrusions  83  at both ends, which can be fitted into the mortises  15 ,  25 ,  35 ,  55  provided at the lower frames  10 , the first upper frames  20 , the second upper frames  30 , and the side joists  50 . 
     It is preferable that the protrusions  83  provided at the pillars  80  are formed by interposing one intermediate sawn plate  81  at both sides by two sawn plates  82  having shorter entire length than the intermediated sawn plate  81 , the intermediate sawn plate  81  and the two sawn plates  82  at both sides are having same plate width. 
     [2-3. Assembling Step] 
     The assembling step S 3  is a step for fitting and assembling the horizontal members and the vertical members formed by the horizontal member forming step S 1  and the vertical member forming step S 2 . How to assemble actually is as explained in  FIGS. 2 and 3 . 
     In addition, it is preferable that the horizontal member forming step S 1  and the vertical member forming step S 2  are performed at the construction site. In the case of conventional construction method, all members are produced in a factory, and the produced members are transferred to the construction site and assembled, but for example, when a member is missing due to a breakage or the like, it is necessary to reorder the missing member to the factory and wait for production and arrival of the missing member, however, the members used for the construction method relating to one embodiment of the present invention are easy to be formed and processed, so they can be produced easily at the construction site. 
     From the above, according to the construction method relating to one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide a construction method with improved workability, and also, which does not cause a variation in a quality of buildings, by enabling materials to be joined easily without special processing by forming mortises. In addition, it is possible to set up a framework in short time with few workers, as it is easy to construct. Further, there will not be a problem even for non-skilled workers. 
     It is preferable that the construction method relating to one embodiment of the present invention further comprises the above-mentioned fixing metal fittings. The details of the fixing metal fittings are as described in the above. 
     In addition, it is explained in detail about each embodiment and each example of the present invention as the above, but it is easy for those who skilled in the art to understand that various modifications are possible without substantially departing from new matters and effects of the present invention. Therefore, all of such modified examples are included within the scope of the present invention. 
     For example, a term used at least once in the description or drawings together with a different term that is broader or the same in meaning can also be replaced by the different term in any place in the description or drawings. Further, the structure and the operation of the building and the construction method are not limited to those described in each embodiments and examples of the present invention, but may be carried out in various modifications. 
     There is a possibility that the building and the construction method relating to one embodiment of the present invention will be adopted to two by four building and other buildings, and construction methods thereof. 
     Glossary of Drawing References 
     
         
           10  Lower frame 
           11  Intermediate sawn plate 
           12  Sawn plates at both sides 
           15  Mortise 
           18  Protrusion 
           19  Recess 
           20  First upper frame 
           21  Intermediate sawn plate 
           22  Sawn pates at both sides 
           23  Recessed groove 
           25  Mortise 
           28  Protrusion 
           29  Recess 
           30  Second upper frame 
           31  Intermediate sawn plate 
           32  Sawn plates at both sides 
           33  Intermediate sawn plate 
           33 ′ Sawn plate 
           35  Mortise 
           36  Protrusion 
           37  Packing 
           37 ′ Packing 
           38  Protrusion 
           39  Recess 
           40  Third upper frame 
           41  Sawn plate 
           42  Sawn plate 
           43  Packing 
           48  Protrusion 
           50  Side joist 
           51  Sawn plate 
           52  Sawn plate 
           53  Sawn plate 
           54  Packing 
           55  Mortise 
           60  Joist single 
           61  Sawn plate 
           62  Sawn plate 
           63  Packing 
           65  Joist triple 
           66  Sawn plates at both sides 
           67  Intermediate sawn plate 
           68  Sawn plate 
           69  Packing 
           70  Roof beam 
           71  Intermediate sawn plate 
           72  Sawn plates at both sides 
           73  Mortise 
           80  Pillar 
           81  Intermediate sawn plate 
           82  Sawn plates at both sides 
           83  Protrusion 
           90  Fixing metal fitting 
           91  Joint base 
           92  Cover spacer 
           93  Bolt hole 
           94  Plane section in rectangular shape 
           95  Groove walls of joint base 
           96  Joining plate 
           97  Plane section of cover spacer 
           98  Groove walls of cover spacer 
           99  Slit 
         H Height 
         J Welded part 
         K Drift-pin hole 
           100  Building 
         S 1  Horizontal member forming step 
         S 2  Vertical member forming step 
         S 3  Assembling step