Patent Publication Number: US-2022225710-A1

Title: Fabric joining using discontinuous adhesive seam

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/535,464, filed Nov. 24, 2021, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/117,942 filed Nov. 24, 2020, which are incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to systems and methods for automated fabrication of garments and similar articles. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Despite technological advances and introduction of automation in many types of manufacturing, garment manufacturing remains very labor intensive. Sewing machines were invented in the early nineteenth century and were made possible based on the development of the lock stitch sewing technique. Today, some hundred fifty years later, this same technology remains the foundation of garment manufacturing. The modern process of producing large quantities of ready-to-wear apparels relies heavily on manual labor and relative to other industrial manufacturing it remains inefficient. Garment manufacturing includes multiple steps including sizing, folding, fitting, cutting, sewing, material handling. The type of tasks needed dictates the level of skilled labor that is required to perform the work. The unique and varied properties of fabric such as weight, thickness, strength, stretchiness and draping as well as the complicated nature of tasks required in apparel manufacturing complicates material handling and automated garment manufacturing. 
     The garment manufacturing process starts with cutting one or more layers of fabric based on patterns and dimensions matching the desired garment. Then, the cut fabric patterns are transferred from workstation to workstation, where at each workstation, one, two or more pieces of fabrics are manually folded, overlapped along the seams and fed into a sewing or serger (overlocker) machine. Given the variety of fabrics, threads, seam types and stitch types found in a finished garment, a larger number of workstations with specialized tools and skilled operators is required for assembling a garment. This means the fabrics or unfinished garments spend a lot of time in transit between workstations. Unlike many manufacturing industries benefiting from twenty-first century innovations and advances in material handling, in most small and large apparel manufacturing factories, most of the material handling and apparel manufacturing operations are conducted in a manual or semi-manual manner. 
     Currently, despite advances in technology, machines still struggle with performing certain tasks that are easily handled by a trained worker with average hand-eye coordination skills. This is one reason the garment manufacturing industry is in a constant search for cheaper human labor rather than investing in advanced automated manufacturing systems. So, in many cases, the difference between small and large garment manufacturing operations is the number of workers it engages. To increase production, a factory may add additional production lines in parallel. However, in general, increasing production in this manner does little to improve efficiency. Even in large factories, most work is performed in piecemeal fashion, with limited coordination between various stations/steps, and movement of material between each station requires a great deal of manual product handling. Therefore, the entire garment manufacturing process remains labor intensive and inefficient, where work is performed in a discontinuous batch processing fashion, causing apparel manufacturers to move from country to country in a continuous search for lower labor costs for manual and semi-skilled labor. 
     Most of the innovations in the garment manufacturing industry have been directed to improving individual tools. For example, new features may be added to a sewing machine to convert it from manual to a semi-automatic or automatic tool. However, all material handling needs would still require manual manipulation, including loading, unloading piecemeal work in and off the tool. 
     Few garment manufacturing innovations attempt to address the inefficiencies of the apparel manufacturing process at the system level. Continuous methods and systems have been proposed but all include limitations that have prohibited mass implementation of the system. US reissue patent Re. 30,520 describes a “Method of Manufacturing Jackets and Like Garments” in an assembly line fashion, using at least two webs of fabric, one used to form the jacket and one used to form the sleeves. Although this patent proposes a continuous manufacturing process, garment formation restrictions force sleeve holes that extend to the neck hole, resulting in a garment with an undesirable shape and design, which may be at least one reason this manufacturing system does not appear to have been implemented in any production facility. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 3,681,785 entitled “Garment Production with Automatic Sleeve Placement” describes a continuous garment manufacturing system where left and right pre-formed sleeves are placed and secured to the back panel of a jacket or shirt that is patterned on a continuously moving web. The system proposed in this patent requires the accurate registration and synchronization of the movement of the garment body web to match the movement and placement of each individual sleeve accurately with respect to a moving web under very tight manufacturing tolerances. This synchronization is further complicated by the proposed handling of each sleeve, lacking stiffness and yet required to be flipped 180 degrees from their resting position onto its destined location on the garment body on the web. The material handling requirements of the 785 patent are impractical and due to the pliable nature of any garment fabric and the required accurate placement of the sleeves on the garment body on the web. 
     Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 3,696,445 entitled “Garment Making Method,” and U.S. Pat. No. 4,493,116 entitled “Method for Manufacturing Sleeved Garments” propose manufacturing methods for forming garments in an automated process. As in the previous disclosures, both &#39;445 and &#39;116 propose forming sleeves in a separate operation and attaching the sleeves in a synchronized fashion to the garment body, requiring timely and complicated cutting, placing and attaching operations that render the implementation of the proposed methods impractical. 
     Another constraint in today&#39;s garment manufacturing is the inability to efficiently produce in small batches or mass produce customized garments tailored to every consumer&#39;s body shape and measurements. Manufactures rely on economies of scale and require minimum order quantity which may be out of reach for small brands and designers. Given the heavily manual and piecemeal processes in the current manufacturing operations, small batches or mass customized production that requires constantly shifting product designs, material selections and sizing and sewing techniques result in production difficulties and resulting manufacturing errors and resulting lower yields. To satisfy the growing need in fulfilling small batch or mass customized orders, garment manufacturing systems that are highly automated, programmable, and reconfigurable to accommodate an increasing mix of design, material selection, sizing and joining techniques are desired. 
     SUMMARY 
     Systems and methods are described that provide for automated manufacturing of garments using cutting, folding tools and adhesive dispensers operating on continuous webs of fabric webs to manufacture garments in an efficient manner while improving quality and overcoming material handling issues resulting from the properties of fabrics. 
     In one example a joined fabric assembly is disclosed that includes a first portion of fabric material, a second portion of fabric material, a first plurality of discrete masses of adhesive material aligned in a first bondline, and a second plurality of discrete masses of adhesive material aligned in a second bondline that follows the first bondline. The first plurality of discrete masses of adhesive material secures the first portion of fabric material to the second portion of fabric material to form a seam. The second plurality of discrete masses of adhesive material forming part of the seam. At least one or more of the second plurality of discrete masses has at least one or more characteristics selected from the group consisting of size, color, pitch, grouping, shape and orientation that is different from at least one or more of the first plurality of discrete masses. 
     In another example, joined fabric assembly includes a first portion of fabric material, a second portion of fabric material, and a first plurality of discrete masses of adhesive material aligned in a first bondline. The first plurality of discrete masses of adhesive material secures the first portion of fabric material to the second portion of fabric material to form a seam. At least one or more of the first plurality of discrete masses has an elongated shape. 
     In yet another example, joined fabric assembly includes first portion of fabric material, a second portion of fabric material, a first plurality of discrete masses of adhesive material aligned in a first bondline, and a second plurality of discrete masses of adhesive material aligned in a second bondline that follows the first bondline. The first plurality of discrete masses of adhesive material secures the first portion of fabric material to the second portion of fabric material to form a seam. The second plurality of discrete masses of adhesive material forming part of the seam. At least one or more of the first plurality of discrete masses has an elongated shape. 
     In some examples at one or more of the first plurality of discrete masses as a size, shape or color different one or more of the second discrete mass of adhesive material. 
     In still other examples, methods are provided for joining fabric using seams as described herein. Such seams include, but are not limited to seams having differences within a single bondline, seams having differences across two bondlines, and seams having variations in elongated adhesive masses used on one or more bondlines. 
     Additionally, fabric joining machines that produce garments and garment components having seams as described herein are also disclosed. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a fuller understanding of the nature and advantages of this invention, as well as the preferred mode of use, reference should be made to the following detailed description read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawings are not presented to scale unless specified otherwise on an individual basis. So that the manner in which the above recited aspects are attained and can be understood in detail, a more particular description of embodiments described herein, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate typical embodiments and are therefore not to be considered limiting; other equally effective embodiments are contemplated. 
         FIG. 1  shows an automatic garment manufacturing system according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a simplified depiction of the webs of fabric according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates alternative web layouts used in an automatic garment manufacturing system according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates methods of applying adhesive in an automatic garment manufacturing process according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 5, 5A  illustrate exemplary systems for cutting, folding and seam formation according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 6, 6A, 6B and 6C  illustrate exemplary methods of seam formation as used in an automatic garment manufacturing process according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7A  illustrates an exemplary flow chart for processing design data used in an automated garment manufacturing process according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 7B  illustrates an exemplary flow chart for cutting and joinder processes used in an automated garment manufacturing process according to some embodiments. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a control system for an automatic garment manufacturing system according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 9A-9C  illustrate a schematic top and sectional views of a seam utilized to secure a first fabric portion to a second fabric portion. 
         FIGS. 10-21  illustrate different configurations of single bondline seams having the second fabric portion removed to expose an adhesive pattern utilized to form the seam. 
         FIGS. 22A-32  illustrate different configurations of multi-bondline seams having the second fabric portion removed to expose an adhesive pattern utilized to form the seam. 
         FIG. 33  illustrates a schematic diagram of a garment having different types of seams in different locations of the garment. 
         FIGS. 34 and 35  are partial sectional views of seams securing more than two fabric portions together. 
     
    
    
     To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures. It is contemplated that elements of one embodiment may be beneficially incorporated in other embodiments. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following description includes the best embodiments presently contemplated for carrying out the invention. This description is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of this invention and is not meant to limit the inventive concepts claimed herein in any way. 
     Some embodiments based on the present disclosure provide for systems and methods for transferring and manipulating fabrics and joining garment components during garment manufacturing in a way that is more suitable to automation. Some embodiments provide for garment manufacturing systems and methods that are reconfigurable to enable both mass production of customized garments and small batch processing with reduced human intervention. 
     As previously mentioned, traditional methods of making a garment require converting various measurements of body parts into two dimensional layouts (panels) corresponding to the various garment pieces or sections, cutting garment pieces out of webs of fabric, and using a variety of manual or semi-manual operations requiring a great deal of hand-eye coordination and manipulation to assemble together the various pieces of fabric to make a garment. This heavy reliance on manual processes is inefficient when compared to most modern manufacturing systems and processes. Additionally, reliance on manual labor, especially labor with specialized skills is expensive, and inherently more prone to errors depending on the required skill, resulting in products lower yields due to higher defects, resulting in more rejections and increase costs. Simply put, the current garment manufacturing process remains heavily reliant on antiquated systems and processes carried over from the industrial revolution from the beginning of the 19th century. Therefore, it would be highly desirable to create systems and processes for garment manufacturing that lend themselves to significantly reduced reliance on manual product manipulation and handling, promote continuous garment manufacturing methods over piecemeal processing, and offer flexible systems that can mass produce items while allowing for customized production. 
     Embodiments based on the present disclosure cover processes that combine an adhesive to effect the permanent bonding of a variety of types of fabric, with a series of integrated mechanical processes to eliminate or greatly reduce material handling issues and the human intervention traditionally required in the garment manufacturing process. This will increase the speed and efficiency of the processes, improve the overall quality of the finished garments and provides for flexible systems that can mass produce items while allowing for customized production, whereby production items can be adjusted to individual size and style. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide for seam formation, joinder and cutting tools that are adaptable and programmable such as to allow automated and customizable garment manufacturing systems and processes. 
     Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the manufacture of T-shirts. However, it would be understood that these described exemplary embodiments may be easily adapted to produce other types of garments including long sleeve shirts, dress shirts, jackets, pants, gloves, or non-garment products such as bedsheets, pillow cases, table cloth, rugs or handbags, etc. It is also understood that these described exemplary embodiments may be easily adapted to join various parts of garments, such as pant legs, bandings, bindings, casings, facings, liners, collars, collar stands, button stands, shirt fronts, yokes, shirt backs, sleeves, plackets, and cuffs, among others. Therefore, the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. 
     Also disclosed herein are various configuration for seams which may be utilized for fabricating garments, particularly in automatic garment manufacturing systems, such as described herein among others. The seams of a garment do more than just joining portions of a garment. The physical properties of the seams greatly affect the quality, appearance, strength, comfort, fitness, stretch and drape of the garment. Thus, selection of the proper seam type for the location, fabric and performance of the garment has a significant effect on the desirability of the garment. Some non-limiting examples of seams that may be selected to yield a desired physical, aesthetic and/or functional garment characteristic are provided by way of example in  FIG. 9A  through  FIG. 35 . These exemplary seams may be used in automatic garment manufacturing systems and automatic garment manufacturing methods, such as described herein, among others. Additionally, the exemplary seams described herein may also be used in manual or semi-automatic garment manufacturing systems and methods. 
     Turning now to the drawings,  FIG. 1  illustrates an automatic garment manufacturing system according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention. The automated garment manufacturing system  100  of  FIG. 1  is designed to eliminate or reduce manual labor. As shown in  FIG. 1 , system  100  includes a first web  102  including a first fabric portion, for example the back half  103 , of a garment  114  (a T-shirt in the current example) corresponding to a given design and size. A second web  104  of fabric includes a second fabric portion, for example the front half  105 , of the T-shirt  114 . 
     In some embodiments, one or more web may comprise a continuous flat layer of fabric laid out in two dimensions. In some embodiments, one or more of the webs may include shapes other than a flat sheet, including any three-dimensional shape such as a tube or other shapes. In some embodiments, the web may not include a continuous sheet of fabric. In some embodiments, the web may act as a scaffolding (not shown in the drawing) or carrier for fabric components that are secured to the web by some means and are acted on as the web travels through path. In some embodiments one or more webs may include perforations along one or more borders. In some embodiments, one or more webs may be coupled to a scaffolding (not shown in the drawing) that includes perforations along one or more borders. In some embodiments, one or more fabric webs (e.g. webs  102  and  104 ) may include perforated borders made of the same material as the web and integral to the web or made of the same or different material than the web and is attached to the one or more fabric web. In some embodiments, the border perforations of the web or the scaffolding may be used to pull the web along a given path pulled along by a system of one or more gears, providing control of the movement of the web, synchronize the movement of the web to other moving components of the exemplary manufacturing system. In exemplary embodiments, the sheet of fabric (i.e., web  102 ) is dispensed from the fabric role  118  that is operable to rotate about its axis and dispense the web  102  along the X-axis. Similarly, web  104  is dispensed from the fabric role  120  that is capable of rotating about its axis and dispensing the web  104  along the X-axis. In some embodiments, role  118  and/or role  120  are coupled to one or more actuators, gears, motors (continuous or step) that rotate at a selected speed pulling or pushing the web along the X-axis. In some embodiments, roles  118  and  120  are free to move but are not mounted on motorized shafts. In these exemplary embodiments, the webs  102  and  104  may be pulled by one or more actuators or motors located at suitable locations other than role  118  or  120  rods. In some embodiments, actuators or motors are located at rollers  113  and  115 , rollers  122  and  123 , rotary die roller  112 , and/or other suitable locations, providing pull or push forces acting on the webs  102  and  104 . In some embodiments, one or more rollers include actuating means that are operable to being actuated independently, and activated in a way to distribute the application of the pull or push forces along the webs  102  and  104  to reduce the chances of damaging the fabric by overly stressing, straining or even tearing fabric web at one or more locations. In alternative embodiments, the webs  102  and  104  may have borders made of the same or different material, that may be perforated or include a greater friction coefficient, and where the border material is reinforced or inherently has greater tensile strength and provides for an area that may support and tolerate greater stress or strain forces than the fabric web materials can tolerate without affecting the quality of the fabric webs. 
     In some embodiments, the front half contour  105  and/or back half contour  103  of the T-shirt  114  include markings to further define the borders of T-shirt  114  on the corresponding webs  102  and  104 . In exemplary embodiments, the front half and back half contours  105  and  103  of the T-shirt  114  may be temporarily marked by visible, invisible, or washable ink. In other embodiments, no demarcation may be used to identify the contours of front half  105  or back half  103  of T-shirt  114 . In some embodiments, the outer face of the back half  103  and front half  105  of the T-shirt  114  may be facing out as shown in  FIG. 1 . In some embodiments, back half  103  and front half  105  are arranged inside-out, so that the interior face of each half of T-shirt  114  would be facing out. 
     In exemplary embodiments, adhesive dispensers  106  and  108  dispense adhesive along the contours of the back half  103  and/or front half  105  of the T-shirt  114 , except may be in the neckline region, sleeve opening and bottom opening of the T-shirt  114 . The regions with no adhesive may remain open and form the neck, arms and body holes after the final cutting and finishing steps further described below. 
     In exemplary embodiments, after the deposition of the adhesive, web  102  and the web  104  continue to travel along the X axis toward a joinder point where webs  102  and web  104  are pressed together using one or more rollers (e.g. rollers  110 ,  122  and  123 ). In some embodiments, beyond the joinder point, the web  102  and web  104  are pressed together using a predetermined force, heat, radiation or moisture to activate any adhesive applied to the back half  103  and front half  105  of T-shirt  114 , and attach the back half  103  and front half  105  of T-shirt  114  to form an integral complete garment. In some embodiments, in addition to pressure, heat, radiation or moisture are applied to web  102  and web  104 . In some embodiments, the rollers  110 ,  122  and  123  supply pressure, heat, radiation, or moisture uniformly to the web  102  and web  104 . In some embodiments, pressure, heat, radiation, or moisture may be applied only to certain regions of the back half  103  and front half  105  contours that have applied adhesive. In some embodiments, the pressure, heat, radiation, or moisture may not be applied through the rollers. In some embodiments, some or all the pressure, heat, radiation, or moisture may originate from sources other than the rollers  110 ,  122  and  123 . In some embodiments, heat and radiation may be applied by conduction, radiation, or convection. In some embodiments, energy sources such as lasers, heat guns, or hot plates may supply the energy. 
     It should be apparent that synchronization of the movements of web  102  and web  104  are important. In some embodiments, mechanical means such as belts, chains gears and sprockets are used to actuate the movement of web  102  and  104  in sync. In some embodiments, electronic controls along with variable speed motors and/or step motor may be used to control the movement and speed of webs  102  and  104  in order to maintain in synch movement of the web  102  and web  104 , and provide for the accurate registration and alignment of the back half  103  to the front half  105  of T-shirt  114 . In some embodiments one or more webs may include perforations along one or more borders to be operable similar to a chain and sprocket conveyance mechanism operating on one or more webs  102  and  104 , or any other webs (not shown in  FIG. 1 ). In some embodiments, one or more webs may be coupled to a scaffolding (not shown in the drawing) that includes perforations along one or more borders. In some embodiments, the border perforations of the web or the scaffolding may be the mechanism that receive the conveyance forces propelling the web along its path, control the movement of the web, and synchronize the movement of the web to other moving components of the exemplary manufacturing system. Exemplary embodiments of this disclosure require the synchronization of fewer number of moving parts and allows for a more accurate control of the movement of any web, thus providing for exemplary systems and methods according the present disclosure that are more easily implementable, resulting in improved production quality, fewer defects, a higher production yield and lower material and manufacturing costs. 
     With reference to  FIG. 1 , after one or more rollers  110 ,  122  and  123  join the back half  103  and front half  105  of T-shirt  114  together, the two halves of T-shirt  114  are permanently pressed to form T-shirt  114 . In some embodiments, multiple rollers  122  and  123  operate on the webs  102  and  104  to join them together at the contours of T-shirt  114 . In some embodiments, the rotary die  112  may further cut T-shirt  114  along its borders and out of the joined webs  102 - 104 . In some embodiments, the rotary dies may cut the garment outside of the adhesive bondline, at the edge of the bondline or along an area within the bondline. In some embodiments, the rotary dies may be apply heat energy simultaneously with or after the cutting operation to melt or remelt the adhesive, the fabric or both to produce finished seams that are aesthetically more desirable, physically durable (prevent fraying) or both. In some embodiments, programmable and controllable cutters may be used to cut out the formed garment (T-shirt  114 ) from the joined webs. In some embodiments, programmable and controllable cutters traveling along predetermined cutting paths may be used to detach the formed garment from the joined webs. In some embodiments, cutters may be directed or aided by machine vision and supporting artificial intelligence (Al) used to identify the actual bondline and cut along it or at an offset from the bondline. In some embodiments, the rollers  122  and  123  may be equipped with pressure sensing elements to detect any bulging that may correspond to where bondlines are located and seams are formed, and communicating the sensor readout in real-time to the programmable cutters for more accurate positioning and cutting operation. In some embodiments, T-shirt  114  may be cut to be completely free of the web  102 - 104  combination. In some embodiments, fully or partially cutout T-shirt  114  may continue to travel on the web  124  to the next processing station. In some embodiments, instead of cutting, the borders of the garment  114  are perforated by needles that may result in garment  114  that may remain partially attached to the joined webs  102 - 104 , for further processing to allow for easier handling of the garment  114  during processing. The garment  114  with perforated perimeter may be fully detached from the web during a cutting or stamping operation, at which point the garment  114  is fully detached from the joint web  110 - 104 . In some embodiments, the detached T-shirts  114  are separated from the web  102 - 104  and collected for further processing at subsequent operating stations where the T-shirt  114  may be processed to receive a collar, hemming of the sleeves, adding pockets, zippers, embroidery and packaging. In some embodiments the joined web  102 - 104  leftover material  116  may accumulate on a roller for ultimate disposal. In some embodiments, the leftover  116  of the joined  102 - 104  is further processed to form components used for forming liners, pockets, seams, hemlines, necklines or sleeve openings as described further below. 
     In some embodiments, T-shirts  114  remain fully or partially attached to the web  102 - 104  to continue to travel as part of the web  102 - 104  for easier material handling during additional processing. In some embodiments, additional processing may include customization operation of garment  114  including embroidery, DTG (direct-to-garment) printing, screen printing, etc. In some embodiments, after all processing is completed, T-shirts  114  are cutout of the web  102 - 104  and processed for final packaging. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates another automatic garment manufacturing system according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention. System  200  includes a first web  202 , a second web  204 , one or more rollers as represented by roller  228 , one or more adhesive dispensing devices  230 , folding devices  232 , cutting devices  234  and optional additional fabric depositing devices represented by web  224 . In exemplary embodiments, fabric depositing device  224  may deposit a strip of fabric at the hemline of back half  103  and front half  105  of T-shirt  114  to form a hemline seam. In some embodiments, adhesive  231  is deposited along the bottom perimeter of back half  103 , front half  105  or both front half  105  and back half  103  prior to the fabric deposition by device  224 . Therefore, as web  202  and web  204  moved forward past roller  228 , joining back half  103  and front half  105  of T-shirt  114 , a seam is formed at the T-shirt  114  hemline. In some embodiments, fabric pieces  225  supplied to form the hemline seam of T-shirt  114  are dispensed from a continuous web of fabric  224  (not shown here) and cutter  232  cuts each of the fabric pieces  225  to an appropriate length based on the T-shirt size. In some embodiments, fabric pieces  225  are precut and coupled to a web  224  that is operable to dispense fabric pieces  225  one piece at a time at the appropriate cadence to remain in synch with the movements of web  202  and  204 , resulting in the fabric piece  225  to join the two parts of a garment to be formed at the desired location on the garment to form a seam, a pocket, a zipper, a logo, etc. In some embodiments, the movement of web  202 , web  204  and web  224  are continuous. In some embodiments, the movement of web  202 , web  204  and web  224  follow a step movement. In some embodiments, one or more material web  224  may supply fabric pieces  225  to form a hemline, pockets, zippers and other ornamental or functional features. It should be understood that the fabric depositing devices may be located above web  202  and web  204 , below web  202  and web  204 , or some above one web and some below one web. 
     In some embodiments, folding tools or mechanisms  232  may be used to fold cut or uncut edges of one or more web  202  and web  204 , before or after the deposition of adhesive on the article edges prior to folding and forming a seam. Folding tools and the formation of various types of seams will be further discussed in  FIGS. 5 and 6 . Note that the exemplary folding tools  232  of  FIG. 2  are shown as operative in the X-Y plane. In alternative embodiments, folding mechanisms  232 , adhesive dispensing mechanisms  230 , and cutting mechanisms  234  are operable to cut, fold and create seams along any direction in the plane of the fabric or perpendicular to it. In some embodiments, some, or all folding tools  232 , adhesive dispensers  230  and cutting tools  234  may be stationary. In some embodiments, some, or all folding tools  232 , adhesive dispensers  230  and cutting tools  234  are mobile in one or more directions. Once the operations of adhesive dispensing, cutting and folding have been performed, rollers  228  or equivalent devices will join the two webs  202  and  204 , each including part of the garment (as illustrated here each web includes either a front half or a back half of the garment) are brought together and pressure, steam, heat, lasers and other types of lights or radiation, and other operations are performed on the joined webs to activate and/or cure the applied adhesive  231  and permanently fuse the garment sections together. It should be understood that mechanisms other than rollers may be used to perform one or more operations designed to attach garment parts together depending on the type of fabric, the article design, the type of adhesive used and other manufacturing parameters. Cutting tools  236  may cut along the borders of the formed garment to detach the garment from the joined webs  202  and  204 . The formed garment  114  may be collected in one stack while the joined web with the cutout  116  may be collected in a web  242  for disposal or additional processing. For example, the excess fabric remaining on the joined webs  202 - 204  may be used to create components for seams, pockets, belt loops, etc. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates alternative web layouts used in an automatic garment manufacturing system according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, efficient garment pattern is laid out in panel layout  304  on the web  302  may be used to optimize a variety of factors. In some embodiments, developing a garment pattern layout  304  the web  302  requires optimizing various parameters including reducing fabric material waste, simplifying the layout and ease of implementing manufacturing operations. In some embodiments, optimum garment panel layout are configured using computers, software and artificial intelligence. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates methods of applying adhesive in an automatic garment manufacturing process according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention. In an exemplary system  400  of  FIG. 4 , adhesives are deposited along the borders of the back half  103  of T-shirt  114  while the back half  103  is still attached to the web  102 . In exemplary embodiments, the adhesive may be applied in a solid, liquid, gel, or gaseous form. In some embodiments, the adhesive may be activated by heat, moisture in the air, pressure, lasers, lights or other forms of radiation, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the adhesive is applied to only one side of the garment, e.g. back half  103  in the illustrative example of  FIG. 4  In some embodiments, adhesive may be applied to both sections of the garment  114 , back half  103  and front half  105 . In some embodiments, adhesive may be partially applied to each half of garment  114 . In some embodiments, adhesive may be applied following different patterns for different sections of the garment  114  as the manufacturing requirements. In some embodiments, the perimeter for the application of adhesive to back half  103  (or front half  105  not shown in  FIG. 4 ) may be defined to be larger or smaller than the actual size of the back half  103  (or front half  105  not shown in  FIG. 4 ) of the garment. For example, the perimeter for the application of the adhesive to the back half  103  (or the front half  105 ) of the garment  114  may be larger than the boundaries of the back half  103  (or the front half  105 ) of the garment  114 . In that scenario, the subsequent cutting operation of the formed garment  114  may cut into the formed seam between the back half  103  and front half  105  of the garment  114  to achieve a desired functional or aesthetic property. In some embodiments, cutting into this border may be desirable to eliminate malformed seams or eliminate excess adhesive extrusions or bulging. In some embodiments, the garment border may be cut in such a manner to reduce the chances of garment fabric fraying. In some embodiments, the cutting process may be aided by heat to remelt the adhesive, the fabric or both at the newly cut joint to produce finished seams that are aesthetically pleasing, mechanically strong and durable or a combination of desired effects. 
     In some embodiments, the adhesion of back half  103  to the front half  105 , or the adhesion of any other garment parts to another may be achieved using a laser. In some embodiments, a laser beam may be used to provide heat energy to activate one or more layers of adhesive acting to bind garment components. In some embodiments, garment parts made of synthetic fibers may be fused together directly using heat in any form such as a laser to melt the synthetic fibers of the garment parts. 
     In some embodiments, adhesives may be dispensed in a single layer. In some embodiments, adhesives may be dispensed in one or more layers. In some embodiments, a single formulation or type of adhesive may be used for all layers. In alternative embodiments, different types of adhesives with different properties may be used for different layers. In the illustrative example of  FIG. 4 , a hot-melt polyurethane (HMPUR) adhesive known for its application to garment fabric is used. One of the properties of HMPUR is its ability to react with moisture present in the air to change chemically and create a strong bond between materials. This bond may then continue to strengthen over 24-96 hours until it is fully cured. As such, HMPUR is a good adhesive for use with many types of textile materials. The HMPUR may be dispensed through a hot melt dispensing spray gun that can create specific graphic patterns on demand to allow for predetermined coverage and placement of adhesive on fabric. Other suitable adhesives with different chemistry such as but not limited to those of polyester, polyamide and epoxy, among others, may also be used. In another example, the adhesive may be a heat and/or moisture activated adhesive. 
     In some embodiments, the adhesive is applied using one or more patterns, each pattern designed to achieve different properties. In some embodiments, the adhesive may be applied in a non-linear pattern such as serpentine, zig zag or curvilinear 416 manner within a defined band or border, along the perimeter of the back half  103  or front half  105  of garment  114 . In some embodiments, certain adhesive patterns may provide a greater degree of movement or stretchability at the joint in a particular direction while still retaining sufficient seam strength. In some embodiments, the adhesive may be applied in discrete non-contagious masses  418 , such as spherical domes, non-contagious stripes or ellipsoids  420 , and positioned at one or more angles with respect to the borders of the garment. In some embodiments, the application of a pattern of non-continuous adhesive may impart the necessary bonding strength while reducing the amount of adhesive consumed as compared to a pattern requiring the continuous application of adhesive to the same area. The volume of adhesive forming each discrete adhesive mass  418  may be individually controlled, as well as the speed and direction of motion of the dispensing head and/or underlying fabric to control the shape and/or orientation of the each adhesive mass  418 . 
       FIG. 5  illustrates exemplary systems for cutting, folding and seam formation according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 5 , in some embodiments, the cut and fold mechanism  500  includes tools, structures and components allowing one or more cut/fold head(s)  510  to move in three dimensions, along the length of the web, along the width of the web, and in a direction perpendicular to the web. In some embodiments, rails  502  provide cut/fold head  510  mobility in a direction along the length of the webs  102 ,  104  (parallel to the X-axis as shown in  FIG. 5 ) or any other web. Similarly, rail  504  provides for movement in a direction along the width of the webs  102 ,  104  (along the Y-axis as shown in  FIG. 5 ) or along one or more directions with respect other webs. In some embodiments, cut/fold head  510  may be operable to turn on an axis which may be at an angle or perpendicular to the plane of the webs  102  and  104 . In some embodiments, cut/fold head  510  may include mechanisms that can retract or extend folding tool  512  or cutting tool  514 , providing for movements perpendicular to the plane of the web  102 ,  104  or other webs (along the Z-axis, into and out of the page as shown in  FIG. 5 ), to disable or enable the cutting and folding tools from engaging with the web. In some embodiments, the cut/fold head  510  includes actuators or motors that operable to actuate the cut/fold head  510  in three dimensions. In some embodiments, actuator  506  includes one or more step motors, continuous motors, or other types of actuators that move cut/fold head  510  along rail  504 . In some embodiments, rail  504  is coupled to rails  502  in such a way to allow rail  504  to move back and forth along the length of rails  502 , providing for the cut/fold head  510  to travel along the length of webs  102  and  104  (X-axis) in addition to travels along the width of webs  102 ,  104  (Y-axis) or travel in the plane of other webs. 
     In some embodiments, cut/fold head  510  includes a folding tool  512  (also referred to as the folding head or folding mechanism) and a cutting tool  514 . As shown in  FIG. 5A  illustrating a closeup view of the folding tool  512 , in some embodiments, the folding tool  512  may include actuators that can extend or retract the folding tool  512  along an axis  516  (Z-axis) perpendicular to the plane of web  102 ,  104  or other webs. In some embodiments, the folding tool  512  includes gears, motors or other types of actuators that allow the folding tool  512  to rotate about an axis  518  (parallel to the Z-axis), providing finer movements of the folding tool  512 . As shown in  FIG. 5A , in some embodiments, the folding tool  512  may include an entry face  522  with a greater area or height, an exit face  524  with a smaller area or height, and a gradually narrowing channel  526  connecting the two faces  522  and  524 . This design is operable to fold fabric edges as the folding tool  512  travels along a given path. As shown in  FIG. 5 , the folding tool  512  may move along any direction in three dimensions allowing the formation of seams corresponding to a variety of shapes and designs. In some embodiments, one or more folding tool  512  may be affixed to and stationary with respect to the garment manufacturing system but operable to allow webs  102  and  104  (or other webs not shown) to travel through the stationary folding tool. In the example of a fix folding tool  512 , as a web  102  or  104  travels through a folding tool  512 , it operates on the web and folds the fabric to form a fold and/or a seam. In some embodiments, folding tool  512  may include one or more apparatuses (not shown) such as rollers or plates operable to provide pressure and/or heat to enhance and/or maintain the folded edge of the web of fabric  102  or  104 , or to activate and cure any adhesives applied to form a seam. In some embodiments, one or more fixed folding tool  512  may operate alongside one or more mobile folding tools  512  to fold edges of web  102 , web  104  or other webs, as the web in one or more directions. Fixed folding tools may be easier to implement but mobile folding tools provide greater flexibility. A non-stationary or mobile folding tool  512  as shown in  FIGS. 5 and 5A  that is operable to move in any direction in three dimensions and rotating in clockwise or counterclockwise directions up to 360 degrees with respect to a web would provide greater versatility to creating more complicated designs. In some embodiments, the cut/fold head  510  may include one or more folding tools  512 , each including different physical or operational characteristics. In some embodiments, the cut/fold head  510  includes a cutting tool  514 . In some embodiments, each cut/fold head  510  may include a single tool such as a cutting tool  514  or a folding tool  512 . In some embodiments, the cut/fold head  510  may include a cutting tool  514  and a folding tool  512  on the same tool head. In some embodiments, each cut/fold head  510  may include one or more cutting tools  514  and/or folding tools  512  based on the manufacturing processes and the garment design requirements. In some embodiments, the cutting tool  514  may be a mechanical cutter such as a knife, a blade, a scissor or needles. In some embodiments, the cutting operation is performed by needles that may perforate the borders of the garment  114  while leaving the garment  114  attached to the web until further processing completes the separation of the garment  114  from the joined webs  102  and  104 . In some embodiments, the cutting tool  514  may use a laser cutter or other non-mechanical cutting devices. In some embodiments, the cut/fold head  510  may include one or more cutting tools  514 , each including different physical or operational characteristics. In some embodiments, the cutting tool  514  may be extended or retracted along an axis (Z-axis) perpendicular to the plane of the web  102 ,  104  or other webs. In some embodiments, the cutting tool may operate in a fixed direction with respect to the direction of travel of a web and thus operable to cut the fabric in a fixed direction. In some embodiments the cutting tool may travel along any path as defined by combinations of X-Y coordinates and rotate in clockwise or counterclockwise directions up to 360 degrees with respect to the web. The ability to rotate may be required of a mechanical cutter to produce non-linear seams. The same limitation may not apply to non-mechanical cutters such as a laser cutter. In some embodiments, a cutting tool  514  is in a static position in front of the folding tool  512  with respect to the direction of motion. In some embodiments, the cutting tool  514  and folding tool&#39;s  512  positions with respect to each other are adjustable prior to the start of the manufacturing operations and/or dynamically during the manufacturing operations. In some embodiments, the cutting tool  514  cuts the web fabric  102 ,  104  and other fabric webs per the garment design specifications. In some embodiments, as the cutting tool  514  cuts the web according to the design specifications, the folding tool  512  may engage in folding the cut sections of the fabric into a desired fold or seam shape. In some embodiments, seams are formed after applying adhesive, folding and/or cutting web material per a given design specification that dictates the sequence and coordinates for the application of each adhesive, fold and cut operation. Various seam shapes may be achieved using the cut/fold system and method described in this disclosure. Exemplary seam formations are further described below in  FIGS. 6A-6C . In some embodiments, fixed or mobile folding head  514  may fold fabric and form a seam by applying adhesive to the fold prior to the folding operation, with or without the need to engage the cutting tool  514  to cut any fabric. As described herein, cutting tool  514 , folding tool  512  and adhesive application tools (i.e., dispensers)  106  (shown in  FIG. 1 ) can move in three dimensions allowing for the formation of complex shapes that may be required by some article designs. However, in some embodiments, the cutting tool  514  folding tools  512  and adhesive application tools  106  may be stationary along one or more directions. In some embodiments, a combination of stationary and mobile cutting tools  514 , folding tools  512  and adhesive application tools  106  may be used. In some embodiments, the folder may include additional tools to apply pressure and/or heat to enhance or maintain the folded edge in shape after the fabric is folded by the folding tool  512 . In some embodiments, the folding tool  512  is located close to rollers  228  ( FIG. 2 ) (e.g. 10 mm to 100 mm). In some embodiments, the proximity of the folding tool  512  to the rollers  228  enhances the maintenance of the shape of the fold fabric because the folded fabric is kept taut under the tension in the web as it passes over the rollers  228  that changes the web&#39;s travel direction. 
       FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C  illustrate exemplary methods of seam formation as used in an automatic garment manufacturing process according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention.  FIG. 6A  illustrates the formation of a simple peel seam or superimposed seam. As seen from  FIG. 6A , the peel seam is formed by the application of adhesive  606  in-between web layer  602  and web layer  604  in a face to face configuration. After the formation of a bond between the two webs, excessive fabric is cut away from outside the bondline, the edge of the bondline or at some distance into the bondline, providing a finished and aesthetically acceptable simple peel seam. The peel seam of  FIG. 6A  is relatively simple to fabricate because it does not require cutting or folding of the fabric before joining the two edges of web layer  602  and web layer  604 . However, the peel joint may have relatively low strength against forces that are applied perpendicular to the joint resulting in the joint coming apart or “peeling.” 
       FIG. 6B  illustrates the formation of a simple lap seam. As seen from  FIG. 6B , the simple lap seam is formed by the application of adhesive  606  between web layer  602  and web layer  604  in a face to back configuration. The simple lap seam of  FIG. 6B  is formed by first cutting and folding web layer  604  so as to have its outer face facing and adhesively joined to the inner face of the lower web layer  602 . After a bond formation step, the excessive fabric in web  602  may be cut to form a finished simple lap seam. The simple lap seam of  FIG. 6B  provides a higher strength against forces that are applied perpendicular to the joint. 
       FIG. 6C  illustrates the formation of a double lap seam. As seen from  FIG. 6C , the double lap seam is formed by the application of a piece of fabric  225  (as shown in  FIG. 2 ) partially or completely coated with adhesive  606  on one side  609  between web layer  602  and web layer  604 . After bond formation, excessive fabric on web  602  and web  604  may be cut to form a finished double lap seam. Double lap seams as shown in embodiments of  FIG. 6C  provides a higher strength against forces that are applied perpendicular to the joint. An advantage of a double lap seam may be aesthetics because a double lap seam may provide a cleaner looking finished seam on a garment. 
     It would be apparent to one skilled in the art that the above bonded seam types are illustrative examples only. A variety of bonded seams may be formed using the cutting, folding, inserting processes described in this disclosure. It would be apparent to one skilled in the art that one or more types of bonded seams may be required by the design or manufacturing specifications of a particular garment, in addition to limitations and requirements imposed by the nature of the fabrics and adhesives, aesthetic, endurance, sealing or permeability requirements of individual seams. 
       FIG. 7A  illustrates an exemplary flow chart for processing design data used in an automated garment manufacturing process according to some embodiments. As seen in  FIG. 7A , an exemplary automated garment manufacturing process using adhesive may start with the operation  702  of receiving garment manufacturing design data including the selection of a garment style, selection of colors, the types of accessories such as pockets and zippers that are required, personalization choices such as a logo created using various garment printing processes, embroidery or other embellishment using other accessories. Additional design data may include 3-D measurements, dimensions and sizes of the particular garment and other particulars of the article as measured in three dimensions, for example by a specialized scanners. In operation  702 , based on the 3D design data received, the garment type is selected (e.g. a T-shirt, long sleeve shirt or a jacket). Similarly, based on the received design data, fabric is selected and the size of the garment is determined. The size of a garment may be based on actual 3D measurements in the case of custom fit garments or based on a ready-to-wear size chart. In the case of a custom fit garment, the measurements of the various parts of the garment are determined directly from actual measurements obtained either by a scanner or a manual measuring. In the case of a ready-to-wear garment, dimensions of the various garment parts such as the length, width and girth of the body of the garment, the sleeves, the neckline, etc. may be derived from the size of the garment derived from a generalized size to dimension correspondence table. 
     In operation  704 , the three-dimensional garment design data are converted into the dimensions of individual components of the garment to be manufactured. The garment dimensions may include length and width of the body, the sleeves, the neckline, etc. of the garment. Based on the type of the fabric selected, the garment component dimensions may be adjusted to account for fabric properties such as stretch. 
     In operation  706 , the 3D geometries of the garment components are converted to a 2-D representation. In operation  708 , the two-dimensional representations of the garment are mapped or laid out onto one or more fabric webs. In some embodiments, the pattern of mapping garment components on one or more fabric web is laid out in panels in such a way to simplify fabrication, minimize material waste, or both. 
     In operation  710 , based on the dimensions of the laid-out garment, the type of fabric or the aesthetic design of the garment, the bonding edges, shapes and the free edges of the garment are identified. The layout of the garment on the fabric web may include the steps of selecting which garment component panels are to be laid-out on which web, (e.g. right, left, upper or lower web). Additionally, considerations for the layout of the garment panels may include laying out the garment pieces inside-out or outside-in, headfirst or bottom first, etc. 
     In operation  712 , the garment layout dimensions may be adjusted to accommodate the appropriate bonding border requirements including adhesive line width, adhesive dispensing pattern, cutting path and dimensional quality assurance specification for the finished garment. 
     In a parallel process flow path, in operation  714 , based on the received 3D garment design data, the automated garment manufacturing system  100  may select the corresponding fabric web and load each fabric web in preparation for the start of manufacturing. In some embodiments, the selection and loading and preparation of the fabric web may be performed manually, semi-manually or automatically. In some embodiments, some or most of the material handling operations required at this step may be done automatically, for example using robots and cobots. 
     In operation  716 , based on the garment design data, a joinder recipe is selected which determines the adhesive type to be used, the adhesive patterns (straight, zigzag, serpentine) and the adhesive curing parameters. 
     Finally, in operation  718  the cutting recipe is determined based on garment design data. For example, a particular cutting recipe may be used to minimize material waste or achieve a certain aesthetic design requirement. 
       FIG. 7B  illustrates an exemplary flow chart for cutting and joinder processes used in an automated garment manufacturing process according to some embodiments. The operations detailed in  FIG. 7B  are generally directed to forming edges and seams for a garment in an automated fashion. 
     In operation  720 , adhesive is applied to one or more moving fabric webs per the manufacturing recipe created in operation  716 . In operation  722 , one or more webs are joined at least along areas where adhesive has been applied. Heat, pressure, moisture, radiation and/or catalysts may be applied for a given period of time (as per the manufacturing recipe) to the joined areas to activate and cure the bond between the joined web regions. Each of the parameters used to create a joint may be individually tuned and adjusted to achieve the optimum bonded joint based on the garment type, the joint type, dimensions, type of adhesive, whether the joint must be waterproof or not, and the aesthetics of the joint. 
     In operation  724 , the joined regions that are formed by bonding one or more web areas together are cut on the outside perimeter of the joint, along the edge of the joint or at some distance within the joint. In some embodiments, the cutting along the joints may be complete along the entire garment perimeter, in which case the garment is thereafter fully detached from the webs. In some embodiments, the cutting operation may be limited to specific boundaries of the garment that may include bonded edges and free edges where no adhesive has been applied. In some embodiments the cutting operation may achieve both a functional and an aesthetic function. In some embodiments, the cutting operation may be limited to certain areas of the garment perimeter and the garment remains attached to the fabric webs until further processing. In some embodiments, the cutting is performed using needles to perforate the web but not to completely detach the garment from the web. In some embodiments, the final detachment of the garment from the web may be performed at a later stage in the garment manufacturing. 
     In some embodiments, in operation  726 , based on the garment design data and the corresponding manufacturing requirements, the system determines whether each layer of a garment part with unbonded free edges (e.g. sleeve holes, neck hole) must align to each other or not. For example, for increased comfort wear, some T-shirt designs may require the layer of fabric forming the back of the neck section to be longer (taller as measured from the T-shirt hemline) than the front layer of fabric comprising the neck hole. 
     In some embodiments, in operation  728 , if the garment design data requires the open edges of the garment in some area to be aligned between the two webs, then a single cutting operation may be performed on both layers of the garment. For example, both the lower and upper layers of fabric forming the sleeve hole may be cut in a single cut operation. 
     In some embodiments, in operation  730 , if the garment design data requires the opening fabric edges not to align (e.g., the fabric layer of the back of neck hole must be longer than the fabric layer at the front of the neck hole), for each cutting operation, one fabric layer may be cut while the other fabric layers may be protected by an insert between the cutter and the other layers of fabric. For example, in the case of some T-shirt necklines, the edge of the back layer of fabric for the neck hole must be higher than the edge of the front layer of fabric for the neck hole. In such cases, the cutting operation may be performed in separate steps, using one or more cutters to cut a given fabric layer while protecting other fabric layers using a protective insert. 
     In operation  732 , a quality inspection of the finished garment may be performed. In some embodiments, the quality inspection may be performed by human operators through a visual inspection. In some embodiments, a quality inspection may be performed using cameras using artificial intelligence. In some embodiments, the quality inspection may be performed while the finished garment is still attached to the web to simplify any material handling issues. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a control system for an automatic garment manufacturing system according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention. 
     In some embodiments, the illustrative control system  800  includes a manufacturing control module  801  coupled to various components including one or more ordering system  818 , one or more design systems  820 , one or more production planning systems  822 , one or more user interface devices  814 , and one or more manufacturing system and control signal processor. In some embodiments, the manufacturing control module  801  may include one or more processors  802  coupled to memory modules  804  and one or more communication interfaces  806  to provide means for communicating with various automated garment manufacturing system inputs including one or more optical sensors and/or cameras  808 , motion sensors  810  and temperature and pressure sensors  812 . In various embodiments, various other types of sensors, not shown here, may provide relevant manufacturing parameters such as the level of moisture present in the factory air, viscosity of adhesive liquid, etc. Additionally, the manufacturing control module may include one or more power sub-systems and power backup systems not shown here. 
     The manufacturing control module  801  may be implemented at least partially in one or more computers, embedded systems, terminals, control stations, handheld devices, modules, any other suitable interface devices, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the components of manufacturing control system  801  may be communicatively coupled via one or more communications buses not shown here. 
     Processing equipment  802  may include a processor (e.g., a central processing unit), cache, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), any other suitable components, or any combination thereof that may process information regarding the automated garment manufacturing system  100 . Memory  804  may include any suitable volatile or non-volatile memory that may include, for example, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), flash memory, a hard disk, any other suitable memory, or any combination thereof. Information stored in memory  804  may be accessible by processing equipment  802  via communications bus not shown. For example, computer readable program instructions (e.g., for implementing the techniques disclosed herein) stored in memory  804  may be accessed and executed by processing equipment  802 . In some embodiments, memory  804  includes a non-transitory computer readable medium for storing computer executable instructions that cause processing equipment  802  (e.g., processing equipment of a suitable computing system), to carry out a method for controlling the automated garment manufacturing systems and processes. For example, memory  804  may include computer executable instructions for implementing any of the control techniques described herein. 
     In some embodiments, communications interface  806  includes a wired connection (e.g., using IEEE 802.3 Ethernet, or universal serial bus interface protocols), wireless coupling (e.g., using IEEE 802.11 “Wi-Fi,” Bluetooth, or via cellular network), optical coupling, inductive coupling, any other suitable coupling, or any combination thereof, for communicating with one or more systems external to manufacturing control module  801 . For example, communications interface  806  may include a USB port configured to accept a flash memory drive. In a further example, communications interface  806  may include an Ethernet port configured to allow communication with one or more devices, networks, or both. In a further example, communications interface  806  may include a transceiver configured to communicate using 4G standards over a cellular network. 
     In some embodiments, user interface  814  includes a wired connection (e.g., using IEEE 802.3 Ethernet, or universal serial bus interface, tip-ring-seal RCA type connection), wireless coupling (e.g., using IEEE 802.11 “Wi-Fi,” Infrared, Bluetooth, or via cellular network), optical coupling, inductive coupling, any other suitable coupling, or any combination thereof, for communicating with one or more of user interface devices  814 . User interface devices  814  may include a display, keyboard, mouse, audio device, any other suitable user interface devices, or any combination thereof. For example, a display may include a display screen such as, for example, a cathode ray tube screen, a liquid crystal display screen, a light emitting diode display screen, a plasma display screen, any other suitable display screen that may provide graphics, text, images or other visuals to a user, or any combination of screens thereof. Further, a display may include a touchscreen, which may provide tactile interaction with a user by, for example, offering one or more soft commands on a display screen. In a further example, user interface devices  814  may include a keyboard such as a QWERTY keyboard, a numeric keypad, any other suitable collection of hard command buttons, or any combination thereof. In a further example, user interface devices  814  may include a mouse or any other suitable pointing device that may control a cursor or icon on a graphical user interface displayed on a display screen. In a further example, user interface devices  814  may include an audio device such as a microphone, a speaker, headphones, any other suitable device for providing and/or receiving audio signals, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, user interface  814 , need not be included (e.g., control module  801  need not receive user input nor provide output to a user). 
     In some embodiments, a sensor interface (not shown) may be used to supply power to various sensors, a signal conditioner (not shown), a signal pre-processor (not shown) or any other suitable components, or any combination thereof. For example, a sensor interface may include one or more filters (e.g., analog and/or digital), an amplifier, a sampler, and an analog to digital converter for conditioning and pre-processing signals from sensor(s)  808 ,  810  and  812 . In some embodiments, the sensor interface communicates with sensor(s) via communicative coupling which may be a wired connection (e.g., using IEEE 802.3 Ethernet, or universal serial bus interface), wireless coupling (e.g., using IEEE 802.11 “Wi-Fi,” or Bluetooth), optical coupling, inductive coupling, any other suitable coupling, or any combination thereof. 
     Sensor(s)  808 ,  810  and  812  may include any suitable type of sensor, which may be configured to sense any suitable property or aspect of automated garment manufacturing systems  100  and processes, any other system, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, sensor(s)  808 ,  810  and  812  include linear encoders, rotary encoders, or both, configured to sense relative positions, speed, temperature, pressure, etc. In some embodiments, sensor(s) includes various types of optical sensors  808  including cameras configured to capture images (e.g., time-lapse imaging) of various aspects of the operation of the automated garment manufacturing systems and processes. In some embodiments, temperature and pressure sensor(s)  812  include one or more temperature sensors such as, for example, a thermocouple, a thermistor, a resistance temperature detector (RTD), any other suitable sensor for detecting temperature, or any combination thereof. For example, sensor(s)  812  may include a thermocouple arranged to measure the temperature and/or viscosity of liquid adhesive to be applied to the webs. 
       FIGS. 9A-9C  illustrate a schematic top and sectional views of a seam  900  utilized to secure a first fabric portion  902  to a second fabric portion  904 . In  FIGS. 9B-9C , the second fabric portion is omitted to expose a plurality of discrete non-contagious masses  418  utilized to form the seam  900 .  FIGS. 9A-9C  are utilized to provide a baseline for describing the alternative configurations of seams depicted in  FIGS. 10-35  to follow. The fabric portions may be portions of garments, such as pant legs, bandings, bindings, casings, facings, liners, collars, collar stands, button stands, shirt fronts, yokes, shirt backs, sleeves, plackets, and cuffs, among others. The fabric portions may be sewed to fabricate portions or complete garments, such as short and long sleeve shirts, dress shirts, jackets, pants, gloves, or non-garment products such as bedsheets, pillow cases, table cloth, rugs, handbags, and the like. 
     As discussed above, the seam  900  may be utilized with the automated garment manufacturing systems described above, with other automated garment manufacturing systems, and other semi-automated or non-automated garment manufacturing systems. The first fabric portion  902  may be the back half  103  of a garment  114  (a T-shirt in the example above) while the second fabric portion  904  may be the front half  105  of the T-shirt  114 . In other examples, the seams may pair the front side to the back side of a fabric portion, the front side to the front side of a fabric portion, or the back side to the back side of a fabric portion, among others. Alternatively, the first and fabric portions  902 ,  904  may be other portions of a T-shirt or other type of garment. The first and fabric portions  902 ,  904  may also be portions of larger patterned sections of a garment, for example as opposite sides of a dart or hem. As illustrated in the sectional view of the seam  900  depicted in  FIG. 9A , the adhesive masses  418  is disposed between the first and second fabric portions  902 ,  904 . 
     As illustrated in the schematic top view of  FIG. 9B , the masses  418  are discrete and non-contagious, thus forming a substantially linear line (shown by dashed line  910 ). The line  910  defines and becomes the bondline once the first and fabric portions  902 ,  904  are mated across the adhesive masses  418 . When a singular row of adhesive masses  418  are utilized to create the seam  900 , the line  910  also defines the direction and position of the seam. As illustrated in the schematic top view of  FIG. 9C , the masses  418  are also discrete and non-contagious, but forming a non-linear line (shown by dashed curved line  910 ). On a curved line of masses  418 , the dashed curved line  910  which defines both the bondline and the direction and position of the seam  900  can be determined using curve fits from the location of each discrete mass  418 , or other suitable technique. As later described with reference to  FIGS. 23 and 24 , when multiple rows of adhesive masses  418  are utilized to create the seam  900 , the geometry of the bondlines  910  of each row defining the seam can be averaged to define the position and direction of the seam. Similarly, in examples in which the bondline  910  is not linear, such as a complex curve, ellipsoid, wave, or zig-zag, the position of the adhesive masses  418  utilized to create the bondline  910  may be curve fit to define a position and direction the seam  900 . In examples wherein the adhesive masses  418  are not circular such as dots, the positional center of each adhesive mass  418  may be defined as the geometric center of the contact area of the adhesive mass  418  and fabric portion that is within the bounds of the adhesive mass  418 . 
       FIGS. 10-21  are top views of different configurations of single bondline seams having the second fabric portion removed to expose an adhesive pattern utilized to form the seam. Referring first to  FIG. 10 , the first portion of first fabric portion  902  is shown with a plurality of adhesive masses  418  disposed thereon. Although the plurality of adhesive masses  418  as shown in a linear arrangement in  FIG. 10 , the plurality of adhesive masses  418  may be alternatively arranged in other geometries, such as loops, waves, curves, and complex curves, to name a few examples. The plurality of adhesive masses  418  are arranged in at least 2 discrete groups  1002 ,  1004  that form a seam  100  joining the two fabric layers  902 ,  904 . 
     The plurality of adhesive masses  418  of the first group  1002  has a first pitch  1006 . The plurality of adhesive masses  418  of the second group  1004  has a second pitch  1008 . A separating pitch  1010  is defined between the adhesive mass  418  of the first group  1002  that is closest to the adhesive mass  418  of the second group  1004 . The first pitch  1006  may be the same or different than the second pitch  1008 . The separating pitch  1010  is different from at least one of the first and second pitches  1006 ,  1008 . By having the separating pitch  1010  is different from at least one of the first and second pitch  1006 ,  1008 , the strength, stretch and aesthetic look of the seam  1000  can be varied along different portions of the finished garment. For example in a seam  1000  securing a sleeve to a trunk (e.g., body) of a shirt, the first pitch  1006  of adhesive mass  418  of the first group  1002  positioned in the front side of the shirt may be greater than the second pitch  1008  of adhesive mass  418  of the second group  1004  positioned in the back side of the shirt such that the front side of the shirt has a more aesthetically appealing look while the back side of the shirt that experiences more stress has a stronger and more durable seam  1000  due to the additional amount of adhesive in that portion of the seam. 
     Although the example depicted in  FIG. 10  illustrates the groups  1002 ,  1004  having different pitches  1006 ,  1008 , each group  1002 ,  1004  may have different characteristics in addition to, or in alternative to, having different pitches. For example, the one or more adhesive masses  418  of the first group  1002  may be a different color than one or more adhesive masses  418  of the second group  1004 . In another example, the one or more adhesive masses  418  of the first group  1002  may have a different size than one or more adhesive masses  418  of the second group  1004 . In another example, the one or more adhesive masses  418  of the first group  1002  may have a different shape than one or more adhesive masses  418  of the second group  1004 . In yet another example, the one or more adhesive masses  418  of the first group  1002  may have a different orientation than one or more adhesive masses  418  of the second group  1004 . It is also contemplated that characteristics of an individual adhesive mass  418  or two or more of adhesive masses  418  within one or both of the group  1002 ,  1004  may also have any two or more characteristics selected from the group of color, size, shape and orientation that are different within the same groups of adhesive masses  418 , or that are different between two or more groups ( 1002 ,  1004 ) of adhesive masses  418 . Additionally, the adhesive properties like elasticity, abrasion resistance, creep, hardness, durometer, rigidness, viscosity, wettability, shrinkage, cure time, washing resistance, strength, and the like may also vary due to use of different adhesives in each group to achieve or optimize for different desired characteristics. For example, one group of adhesive masses may comprise a first adhesive property to promote a desired function, such as tacking the fabric portions together, while another group of adhesive masses may comprise a second and different adhesive property to promote a different desired function, such as bond stretch when later cured. 
       FIG. 11  is another top view of a seam  1100  utilized to secure a first fabric portion to a second fabric portion, such as shown in  FIG. 9A . In  FIG. 11 , the second fabric portion is omitted to expose a plurality of discrete non-contagious masses  418  utilized to form the seam  1100 . Although the plurality of adhesive masses  418  as shown in a linear arrangement in  FIG. 11 , the plurality of adhesive masses  418  may be alternatively arranged in other geometries, such as loops, waves, curves, and complex curves, to name a few examples. 
     The plurality of adhesive masses  418  comprising at least a portion of the seam  1100  has a varying pitch. For example, a first pitch  1102  between two adjacent adhesive masses  418  comprising the seam  1100  is different from a second pitch  1104  between two adjacent adhesive masses  418  also comprising the seam  1100 . The pitch between adjacent adhesive masses  418  may increase, decrease, cycle between increasing and decreasing, or vary in another manner. In the example depicted in  FIG. 11 , the pitch (for example pitches  1102 ,  1104 ,  1106 ,  1108 ) between the plurality of adhesive masses  418  comprising at least a portion of the seam  1100  increases. The increase in pitch may be uniform or non-uniform along the portion of the seam having the increasing pitch. 
     Varying the second pitch along the seam  1100  allows the strength, stretch and aesthetic look of the seam  1100  to be controlled along different portions of the finished garment. For example when the seam  1100  is an inseam of a pair of pants, the pitch between adhesive masses  418  near the cuff of the pants may be less than the pitch between adhesive masses  418  near the crotch of the pants because of the increased seam strength needed at the crotch as compared to the strength needed as the cuff. Similarly, the pitch may be varied to control stretch and/or aesthetics along the seam  1100 . 
     It is also contemplated that one or more of the adhesive characteristics of two or more of the adhesive masses  418  comprising the seam  1100  may also vary. For example, any or more of the adhesive masses  418  comprising the seam  1100  may have one or more characteristics selected from the group of color, size, shape and orientation that are different from at least one other adhesive mass  418  comprising the seam  1100 . 
       FIGS. 12 and 13  are top views of other seams  1200 ,  1300  that can be utilized to secure a first fabric portion to a second fabric portion, such as shown in  FIG. 9A . In  FIGS. 12 and 13 , the second fabric portion is omitted to expose a plurality of discrete non-contagious masses  418  utilized to form the seams  1200 ,  1300 . The plurality of adhesive masses  418  illustrated in  FIG. 12  are configured in a wave form  1202 . The wave form  1202  may be sine wave, square wave, zig-zag or other wave form. In  FIG. 12 , the wave form  1202  is depicted as a sine wave, having an amplitude  1204  and a wave length  1206 . One or both of the amplitude  1204  and the wave length  1206  may remain constant along the entirety of the seam  1200 . Alternatively, one or both of the amplitude  1204  and the wave length  1206  may be different in different portions of the seam  1200 . 
     In  FIG. 13 , the plurality of adhesive masses  418  are configured in a pattern of loops  1302 . The loops  1302  may be uniform in height, width and spacing. Alternatively, the loops  1302  may be non-uniform at least one or more of height, width and spacing. 
     The size and shape of wave form  1202  and loops  1302  allow the strength, stretch and aesthetic look of the seams  1200 ,  1300  to be selected by the design to meet performance and aesthetic requirements. For example, as the width of the seams  1200 ,  1300  is much greater than a single linear row of adhesive masses  418 , the seams  1200 ,  1300  may provide a distinctive stretch characteristics as compared to a single linear row of adhesive masses  418 . The seam  1200  having a wave form  1202  changes the directionally of the fabrics stretch characteristics along different portions of the wave form  1202 . This change in fabric stretch directionally along a single seam  1200  can be highly desirable in activewear. The seam  1300  may be utilized were high strength and/or a decorative bondline are desired. 
     It is also contemplated that one or more of the adhesive characteristics of two or more of the adhesive masses  418  comprising either of the seams  1200 ,  1300  may also vary. For example, any or more of the adhesive masses  418  comprising the seams  1200 ,  1300  may have one or more characteristics selected from the group of density, color, size, shape and orientation that are different from at least one other adhesive mass  418  comprising the seams  1200 ,  1300 . 
       FIG. 14  is another top view of a seam  1400  utilized to secure a first fabric portion to a second fabric portion, such as shown in  FIG. 9A . In  FIG. 14 , the second fabric portion is omitted to expose a plurality of discrete non-contagious masses  418  utilized to form the seam  1400 . Although the plurality of adhesive masses  418  as shown in a linear arrangement in  FIG. 14 , the plurality of adhesive masses  418  may be alternatively arranged in other geometries, such as loops, waves, curves, and complex curves, to name a few examples. 
     At least a first adhesive mass  1402  and a second adhesive mass  1404  of the plurality of adhesive masses  418  comprising at least a portion of the seam  1400  have different colors. For example, the first adhesive mass  1402  may have a color that is different from a color of the second adhesive mass  1404 . Although the seam  1400  is depicted as having two colors, any number of colors may be utilized. Additionally, although the seam  1400  is depicted as changing color every other adhesive mass  418 , the color of each adhesive mass  418  may change in any order or sequence. By changing the color of the adhesive masses  418 , the aesthetic appearance of the seam  1400  may be set as desired. 
     It is also contemplated that one or more of the adhesive characteristics of two or more of the adhesive masses  418  comprising the seam  1400  may also vary. For example, any or more of the adhesive masses  418  comprising the seam  1400  may have one or more characteristics selected from the group of density, size, shape and orientation that are different from at least one other adhesive mass  418  comprising the seam  1400 . 
       FIG. 15  is another top view of a seam  1500  utilized to secure a first fabric portion to a second fabric portion, such as shown in  FIG. 9A . In  FIG. 15 , the second fabric portion is omitted to expose a plurality of discrete non-contagious masses  418  utilized to form the seam  1500 . Although the plurality of adhesive masses  418  as shown in a linear arrangement in  FIG. 15 , the plurality of adhesive masses  418  may be alternatively arranged in other geometries, such as loops, waves, curves, and complex curves, to name a few examples. 
     At least a first adhesive mass  1502  and a second adhesive mass  1504  of the plurality of adhesive masses  418  comprising at least a portion of the seam  1500  have different masses (e.g., size). For example, the first adhesive mass  1502  may have a size that is different from a size of the second adhesive mass  1504 . Although the seam  1500  is depicted as comprising adhesive masses  418  having two different sizes, any number of different size adhesive masses  418  may be utilized. Additionally, although the seam  1500  is depicted as changing size every other adhesive mass  418 , the size of each adhesive mass  418  may change in any order or sequence. For example, the size of the adhesive mass  418  may increase or decrease along the seam  1500 . By changing the size of the adhesive masses  418 , the strength, stretch and/or aesthetic appearance of the seam  1500  may be set as desired. 
     For example, the intermixing larger adhesive masses  418  with smaller adhesive masses  418  in a common bondline will generally increase the strength of the seam with less adhesive used and with less aesthetic impact than if the bondline comprising the seam was made of uniformly larger adhesive mass. 
     It is also contemplated that one or more of the adhesive characteristics of two or more of the adhesive masses  418  comprising the seam  1500  may also vary. For example, any or more of the adhesive masses  418  comprising the seam  1500  may have one or more characteristics selected from the group of density, color, shape and orientation that are different from at least one other adhesive mass  418  comprising the seam  1500 . 
       FIG. 16  is another top view of a seam  1600  utilized to secure a first fabric portion to a second fabric portion, such as shown in  FIG. 9A . In  FIG. 16 , the second fabric portion is omitted to expose a plurality of discrete non-contagious masses  418  utilized to form the seam  1600 . Although the plurality of adhesive masses  418  as shown in a linear arrangement in  FIG. 16 , the plurality of adhesive masses  418  may be alternatively arranged in other geometries, such as loops, waves, curves, and complex curves, to name a few examples. 
     At least a first adhesive mass  1602  and a second adhesive mass  1604  of the plurality of adhesive masses  418  comprising at least a portion of the seam  1600  have different shapes. The shapes of adhesive masses  1602 ,  1604  may be any suitable geometric shape. For example, the first adhesive mass  1602  may have a first shape that is different from a second shape of the second adhesive mass  1604 . In the example depicted in  FIG. 16 , the first adhesive mass  1602  has a spherical dome shape and the second adhesive mass  1604  has a non-spherical dome shape, such as an ellipsoid, among others. In other examples, the first adhesive mass  1602  has a non-spherical dome shape, such as an ellipsoid and the second adhesive mass  1604  has a different non-spherical dome shape. Although the seam  1600  is depicted as comprising adhesive masses  418  having two different shapes, any number of different shaped adhesive masses  418  may be utilized. Additionally, although the seam  1600  is depicted as changing shape every other adhesive mass  418 , the shape of each adhesive masses  418  may change in any order or sequence. By changing the shapes of the adhesive masses  418 , the strength, stretch and/or aesthetic appearance of the seam  1600  may be set as desired. 
     For example, the intermixing larger adhesive masses  418  with smaller adhesive masses  418  in a common bondline will generally increase the strength of the seam with less adhesive used and with less aesthetic impact than if the bondline comprising the seam was made of uniformly larger adhesive mass. 
     It is also contemplated that one or more of the adhesive characteristics of two or more of the adhesive masses  418  comprising the seam  1600  may also vary. For example, any or more of the adhesive masses  418  comprising the seam  1600  may have one or more characteristics selected from the group of density, color, shape and orientation that are different from at least one other adhesive mass  418  comprising the seam  1600 . 
       FIG. 17  is another top view of a seam  1700  utilized to secure a first fabric portion to a second fabric portion, such as shown in  FIG. 9A . In  FIG. 17 , the second fabric portion is omitted to expose a plurality of discrete non-contagious masses  418  utilized to form the seam  1700 . Although the plurality of adhesive masses  418  as shown in a linear arrangement in  FIG. 17 , the plurality of adhesive masses  418  may be alternatively arranged in other geometries, such as loops, waves, curves, and complex curves, to name a few examples. 
     The plurality of adhesive masses  418  comprising at least a portion of the seam  1700  are arranged in discrete groups. The discrete groups form pattern, such as a non-repetitive, semi-repetitive, or repetitive pattern. The pattern may be text, a logo, an image or other decorative arrangement. In one example, the plurality of adhesive masses  418  are arranged in a first adhesive group  1702  and a second adhesive group  1704 . In the example of  FIG. 17 , each groups  1702 ,  1704  includes an arrangement of adhesive masses  418  that provides an image XO, where each X and each 0 is individually made by a plurality of adhesive masses  418  in multiple rows and columns. 
     It is also contemplated that one or more of the adhesive characteristics of two or more of the adhesive masses  418  comprising the seam  1700  may also vary. For example, any or more of the adhesive masses  418  comprising the seam  1700  may have one or more characteristics selected from the group of density, color, shape and orientation that are different from at least one other adhesive mass  418  comprising the seam  1700 . 
       FIGS. 18-21  are top views of different configurations of single bondline seams formed from non-circular adhesive masses, the Figures having the second fabric portion removed to expose an adhesive pattern utilized to form the seam. Referring first to  FIG. 18 , the first portion of first fabric portion  902  is shown with a plurality of adhesive masses  418  disposed thereon. Although the plurality of adhesive masses  418  as shown in a linear arrangement in  FIG. 18 , the plurality of adhesive masses  418  may be alternatively arranged in other geometries, such as loops, waves, curves, and complex curves, to name a few examples. 
     The adhesive masses  418  forming the seam  1800  may have a constant pitch, two or more pitches, or a varied pitch. The adhesive masses  418  forming the seam  1800  may have the same or different sizes and/or colors. 
     At least a first adhesive mass  1802  and a second adhesive mass  1804  of the plurality of adhesive masses  418  comprising at least a portion of the seam  1800  have the same non-spherical dome shape. The shapes of other adhesive masses  418  forming the seam  1800  may be any suitable geometric shape, including the same or different shape of the masses  1802 ,  1804 . For example, the first and second adhesive masses  1802 ,  1804  may have a non-spherical dome shape such as an ellipsoid. The first and second adhesive masses  1802 ,  1804  have an ellipsoid shape that has an orientation that co-linearly aligns the major axis of ellipsoid shape with the direction defined by the bondline  910 . Having the bondline  910  of ellipsoid adhesive masses  1802 ,  1804  aligned with the direction of the seam  1800  provides a very strong and durable seams, but also limits stretching of the fabric in a direction parallel to the bondline  910  and direction of the seam  1800 . Such a seam is desirable in the crotch region of pants, among other regions. 
     The orientation of the ellipsoid adhesive masses  1802 ,  1804  forming the bondline  910  may alternatively be selected to be non-aligned with the direction of the seam  1800 . For example in the illustration of  FIG. 19 , the orientation of a major axis  1910  of one or both of the ellipsoid adhesive masses  1802 ,  1804  is at an angle between 0 and 180 degrees relative to the direction of the seam  1800 . The major axis  1910  is generally defined in the elongated direction of the ellipsoid, passing bifurcating the ellipsoid in equal halves. In the example shown in  FIG. 19 , the orientation of the major axis  1910  of one or both of the ellipsoid adhesive masses  1802 ,  1804  is at an angle  1920  of about 90 degrees relative to the direction of the seam  1800 . Having the bondline  910  of ellipsoid adhesive masses  1802 ,  1804  aligned orthogonal to the direction of the seam  1800  provides a very strong and durable seam that allows stretching of the fabric in a direction perpendicular to the bondline  910 , but a decreased amount of stretch in a direction perpendicular to the bondline  910 . Such a seam is desirable in the crotch regions of pants. 
     Similarly, in the example of  FIG. 20 , the orientation of the major axis of one or both of the ellipsoid adhesive masses  1802 ,  1804  is at an angle between 15 and 75 degrees or between 105 and 165 degrees relative to a direction of a seam  1900 . Having the bondline  910  of ellipsoid adhesive masses  1802 ,  1804  aligned at an acute or obtuse angle related to the direction of the seam  1800  allows the directionality of the fabric stretch to be controlled. 
       FIG. 21  depicts an example where the orientation of the ellipsoid adhesive masses  1802 ,  1804  is different. In this manner, the directionality of the fabric stretch may be controlled in one portion of the seam  2100  relative to another portion of the  2100 . In the example depicted in  FIG. 21 , the orientation of the ellipsoid adhesive masses  1802 ,  1804  changes from an acute angle to an obtuse angle. Also depicted in  FIG. 21  is that the orientation of the major axis  1910  of the ellipsoid adhesive masses  418  (and other masses  418  for the seam  21 ) form a fan pattern. The orientations of the major axis  1910  of the ellipsoid adhesive masses may include at least one adhesive mass having an orientation angle  1920  of 90 degrees and/or zero degrees relative to a direction of the seam  2100 . Having a fanned orientation of ellipsoid adhesive masses  418  is desirable for seams securing collars to shirts to enable the stretch directionally to be maintained at a direction normal to the circular seam that secures the collar to the body of the shirt. 
       FIGS. 22A-32  are top views of different configurations of multi-bondline seams having the second fabric portion removed to expose adhesive patterns of each bondline utilized to form a seam. As discussed above, the direction and position of a multi-bondline seam is derived using the average or curve fit to a single line (e.g., the seam line) calculated from the positions of each adhesive mass  418  forming each bondline  910 . The seam lines depicted in  FIGS. 22A-32  may be utilized during garment fabrication processes using the automated garment manufacturing systems described above, with other automated garment manufacturing systems, and other semi- or non-automated garment manufacturing systems, or other garment fabrication techniques. 
     In seams and bondlines  2202 ,  2204  depicted in  FIGS. 22A-32  generally are utilized to secure two fabric portions  902 ,  904 , such as described with reference to  FIGS. 9A-9C , except that each seam includes multiple bondlines  2202 ,  2204 . Although most of the  FIGS. 22-32  illustrate seams having only two bondlines  2202 ,  2204 , any of the seams depicted in  FIGS. 22A-32  may include additional bondlines. 
       FIGS. 22A-B  and  23 A-B are provided to introduce some of the geometry and nomenclature utilized to describe the various seams  2200  illustrated in  FIGS. 22A-32 . As illustrated in the schematic top view of  FIGS. 22A and 22B , at least two or more bondlines  2202 ,  2204  comprising a plurality of discrete and non-contagious adhesive masses  418  are utilized to form a seam  2200 . In  FIGS. 22A and 22B , the seam  2200  is substantially linear as defined by two substantially linear bondlines  2202 ,  2204  that are uniformly offset from each other. In  FIGS. 23A and 23B , the seam  2200  is non-linear, such as a curve, as defined by two curved bondlines  2202 ,  2204  that are uniformly offset from each other. An offset distance  2206  is defined between the closest points on the adjacent bondlines  2202 ,  2204 . In one example, the offset distance  2206  may be uniform along different locations along the seam  2200 . In another example, the offset distance  2206  is different at different locations along the seam  2200 . For example, the offset distance  2206  may increase or decrease along different portions of the seam  2200 . 
     An imaginary reference line  2208  (shown in phantom) may be drawn through one of the adhesive masses  418  of one of the bondlines  2202 ,  2204 , for example, bondline  2208 . For a seam  2200  having linear bondlines  2202 ,  2204  such as shown in  FIGS. 22A and 22B , the imaginary reference line  2208  passes perpendicularly through the linear bondline  2202  at the center of one of the adhesive masses  418 . If the center adhesive mass  418  on the adjacent bondline  2204  of the seam  2200  is on the imaginary reference line  2208 , then the adhesive masses  418  on the adjacent bondlines  2202 ,  2204  are said to be aligned or fully aligned, as shown in  FIG. 22A . If the imaginary reference line  2208  passes through any portion other than the center of the adhesive mass  418  of the adhesive mass  418  disposed on the adjacent bondline  2204  of the seam  2200 , then the adhesive mass  418  on the adjacent bondlines  2202 ,  2204  are said to be aligned or partially aligned. If the imaginary reference line  2208  does not pass through any portion of the adhesive mass  418  disposed on the adjacent bondline  2204  of the seam  2200 , the adhesive masses  418  on the adjacent bondlines  2202 ,  2204  are said to be not aligned, as shown in  FIG. 22B . 
     For a seam  2200  having curved bondlines  2202 ,  2204  such as shown in  FIGS. 23A and 23B , the imaginary reference line  2208  passes perpendicularly through another imaginary reference line  2210  at the center of one of the adhesive masses  418 . The imaginary reference line  2210  is tangent to the curve of the bondline  2202  at the center of the adhesive mass  418  through which both reference lines  2208 ,  2210  pass. The adhesive masses  418  on the adjacent bondlines  2202 ,  2204  of the seam  2200  can be defined as either fully aligned, partially aligned or not aligned using the imaginary reference line  2208  as described above. For example,  FIG. 23A  illustrates bondlines  2202 ,  2204  having adhesive masses  418  that are fully aligned, while  FIG. 23B  illustrates bondlines  2202 ,  2204  having adhesive masses  418  that are not aligned. 
       FIGS. 24-32  are top views of different configurations of seams having multiple bondlines  2202 ,  2204  having the second fabric portion removed to expose the adhesive pattern utilized to form the seam. Referring first to  FIG. 24 , a seam  2400  is shown comprising at least two bondlines  2202 ,  2204 . The bondlines  2202 ,  2204  are spaced a uniform distance  2206  over the portion of the seam  2400  depicted in  FIG. 24 . The bondlines  2202 ,  2204  may alternatively have non-uniform spacing such that the distance  2206  is different along different portions of the seam  2400  as described above. Although the bondlines  2202 ,  2204  are parallel in  FIG. 24  such as described with reference to  FIG. 22 , the bondlines  2202 ,  2204  may alternatively be non-parallel as described with reference to  FIG. 23 . 
     Each bondline  2202 ,  2204  is comprised of a plurality of discrete adhesive masses  418 . In  FIG. 24 , the adhesive masses  418  of each bondline  2202 ,  2204  are illustrated as having the same shape, for example, an ellipsoid shape that has an orientation that is aligned parallel with the direction of the seam  2400 . However, one or more of the bondlines  2202 ,  2204  may alternatively be configured as any of the bondlines  910  described above with reference to  FIGS. 10-21 . That is, one or more the adhesive masses  418  of any one or both bondline  2202 ,  2204  may be configured as described for any of the adhesive masses  418  described above with reference to  FIGS. 10-21 . For example, one, more or all of the adhesive masses  418  of the bondline  2202  may be the same or different in one or more of size, shape, color, orientation, pitch, groupings, density, or other characteristics compared to one, more or all of the adhesive masses  418  of the bondline  2204 . 
     In one example, at least some or all of the adhesive masses  418  of the bondline  2202  may be the same or different size than at least some or all of the adhesive masses  418  of the bondline  2204 . In another example, at least some or all of the adhesive masses  418  of the bondline  2202  may be the same or different shape than at least some or all of the adhesive masses  418  of the bondline  2204 . In another example, at least some or all of the adhesive masses  418  of the bondline  2202  may be the same or different color than at least some or all of the adhesive masses  418  of the bondline  2204 . In another example, at least some or all of the adhesive masses  418  of the bondline  2202  may be the same or different orientation than at least some or all of the adhesive masses  418  of the bondline  2204 . In another example, at least some or all of the adhesive masses  418  of the bondline  2202  may have the same or different pitch than at least some or all of the adhesive masses  418  of the bondline  2204 . 
     In the example depicted in  FIG. 24 , the adhesive masses  418  of each bondline  2202 ,  2204  are fully aligned. That is, the center of an adhesive mass  418  disposed on the first bondline  2202  and the center of the closest adhesive mass  418  disposed on the second bondline  2204  both intersect a common imaginary reference line  2208 . 
     In the example depicted in  FIG. 25 , the adhesive masses  418  of each bondline  2202 ,  2204  are not aligned. That is, an imaginary reference line  2208  passing through a portion of an adhesive mass  418  disposed on the first bondline  2202  does not intersect any portion of the closest adhesive mass  418  disposed on the second bondline  2204 . Alternatively if the position of the adhesive masses  410  disposed on one of the bondlines  2202 ,  2204  were displaced in a direction along the seam  2200 , the adhesive masses  418  of each bondline  2202 ,  2204  would be partially aligned if an imaginary reference line  2208  passing through a portion of an adhesive mass  418  disposed on the first bondline  2202  intersects any portion of the closest adhesive mass  418  disposed on the second bondline  2204 , except when centers of the adhesive masses  418  align in a fully aligned configuration as described above. 
     Additional seams are described below with reference to  FIGS. 26-32 . The seams of  FIGS. 26-32  may have adhesive masses  418  that are fully aligned, partially aligned or not aligned in at least some or all portions of the seams. The seams of  FIGS. 26-32  are generally illustrated with a uniform distance between bondlines. However, the seams of  FIGS. 26-32  may alternatively have non-uniform spacing such that the distance between adhesive masses is different along different portions of a seam. 
       FIG. 26  depicts a seam  2600  comprising at least two bondlines  2202 ,  2204 . The bondlines  2202 ,  2204  are spaced a uniform distance  2206  over the portion of the seam  2600  depicted in  FIG. 26 . The bondlines  2202 ,  2204  may alternatively have non-uniform spacing such that the distance  2206  is different along different portions of the seam  2600  as described above. Although the bondlines  2202 ,  2204  are uniformly offset in  FIG. 26 , the distance between bondlines  2202 ,  2204  may alternatively be different in different locations along the seam  2600 . 
     Each bondline  2202 ,  2204  is comprised of a plurality of discrete adhesive masses  418 . In  FIG. 26 , at least one or both of the bondlines  2202 ,  2204  have pluralities of adhesive masses  418  arranged in a wave form  2602 . The wave form  2602  may be sine wave, square wave, zig-zag or other wave form. In  FIG. 26 , the wave form  2602  is depicted as a sine wave, having an amplitude  2604  and a wave length  2606 . One or both of the amplitude  2604  and the wave length  2606  may remain constant along the entirety of the wave form  2602 . Alternatively, one or both of the amplitude  2604  and the wave length  2606  may be different in different portions of the wave form  2602 . Additionally, the wave form  2602  of one of the bondlines  2202 ,  2204  may be different from or the same as wave form  2602  of the other bondline  2202 ,  2204 . In examples where the wave form  2602  is present in only one of the bondlines  2202 ,  2204 , the other bondline  2202 ,  2204  may be configured as any of the bondlines  910  described above. 
     In the example depicted in  FIG. 26 , the wave forms  2602  of the bondlines  2202 ,  2204  do not intersect. Alternatively, as depicted in the example illustrated in  FIG. 27 , the wave forms  2602  of the bondlines  2202 ,  2204  intersect. The wave forms  2602  of  FIGS. 26-27  may have wavelengths  2606  that are in phase or out of phase. 
       FIG. 28  is another top view of a seam  2800  utilized to secure a first fabric portion to a second fabric portion. In  FIG. 28 , the second fabric portion is omitted to expose a plurality of discrete non-contagious masses  418  utilized to form the seam  2800 . The seam  2800  is fabricated from at least two to bondlines, one bondline  910  configured as described above, and a second bondline  2810  comprising adhesive masses  418  arranged in discrete groups. The discrete groups form a repetitive pattern. The repetitive pattern may be text, a logo, an image or other decorative arrangement. In one example, the plurality of adhesive masses  418  are arranged in a first adhesive group  2802  and a second adhesive group  2804 . In the example of  FIG. 28 , each group  2802 ,  2804  includes an arrangement of adhesive masses  418  that provides an image XO, where each X and each 0 is individually made by a plurality of adhesive masses  418  in multiple rows and columns. 
     It is also contemplated that one or more of the adhesive characteristics of two or more of the adhesive masses  418  comprising the seam  2800  may also varied. For example, any or more of the adhesive masses  418  comprising the seam  2800  may have one or more characteristics selected from the group of density, color, shape and orientation that are different from at least one other adhesive mass  418  comprising the seam  2800 . 
     The bondline  2810  may be disposed on either side of the bondline  910 . In the example where more than one bondline  910  is present, the bondline  2810  may be disposed on either side of the outer bondlines  910 . In another example where more than one bondline  910  is present, the bondline  2810  may be disposed between two of the bondlines  910 , such as shown in  FIG. 29 . Additionally, one or more of bondlines  910  may alternatively be configured substantially the same as the bondline  2810 . 
       FIG. 30  is another top view of a seam  3000  utilized to secure a first fabric portion to a second fabric portion. In  FIG. 30 , the second fabric portion is omitted to expose a plurality of discrete non-contagious adhesive masses  418  utilized to form the seam  3000 . The seam  300  includes a first bondline  3002  and a second bondline  3004 . The bondlines  3002 ,  3004  are shown in a linear arrangement in  FIG. 30 . However, the bondlines  3002 ,  3004  may be alternatively arranged in non-linear arrangements. 
     At least one of the adhesive masses  418  forming the first bondline  3002  have a color  3010  that is different from a color  3020  of at least one adhesive mass  418  of the second bondline  3004 . In  FIG. 30 , all the adhesive masses  418  of the first bondline  3002  have a color that is different from a color of at least one, some or all the adhesive masses  418  of the second bondline  3004 . In addition to different color, one some or all the adhesive masses  418  on one or both of the bondlines  3002 ,  3004  may have one or more different characteristics selected from the group of density, size, shape and orientation that are different than at least one other adhesive mass  418  comprising the seam  3000 . 
       FIG. 31  is another top view of a seam  3100  utilized to secure a first fabric portion to a second fabric portion. In  FIG. 31 , the second fabric portion is omitted to expose a plurality of discrete non-contagious adhesive masses  418  utilized to form the seam  3100 . The seam  310  includes a first bondline  3102  and a second bondline  3104 . The bondlines  3102 ,  3104  are shown in a linear arrangement in  FIG. 31 . However, the bondlines  3102 ,  3104  may be alternatively arranged in non-linear arrangements. 
     At least one of the adhesive masses  418  forming the first bondline  3102  have a size  3110  that is different from a size  3120  of at least one adhesive mass  418  of the second bondline  3104 . In  FIG. 31 , all the adhesive masses  418  of the first bondline  3102  have a size that is different from a size of at least one, some or all the adhesive masses  418  of the second bondline  3104 . In addition to different size, one some or all the adhesive masses  418  on one or both of the bondlines  3102 ,  3104  may have one or more different characteristics selected from the group of density, color, shape and orientation that are different than at least one other adhesive mass  418  comprising the seam  3100 . 
       FIG. 32  is another top view of a seam  3200  utilized to secure a first fabric portion to a second fabric portion. In  FIG. 32 , the second fabric portion is omitted to expose a plurality of discrete non-contagious adhesive masses  418  utilized to form the seam  3200 . The seam  320  includes a first bondline  3202  and a second bondline  3204 . The bondlines  3202 ,  3204  are shown in a linear arrangement in  FIG. 32 . However, the bondlines  3202 ,  3204  may be alternatively arranged in non-linear arrangements. 
     At least one of the adhesive masses  418  forming the first bondline  3202  have a shape  3210  that is different from a shape  3220  of at least one adhesive mass  418  of the second bondline  3204 . In  FIG. 32 , all the adhesive masses  418  of the first bondline  3202  have a shape that is different from a shape of at least one, some or all the adhesive masses  418  of the second bondline  3204 . In addition to different shape, one some or all the adhesive masses  418  on one or both of the bondlines  3202 ,  3204  may have one or more different characteristics selected from the group of density, color, size, and orientation that are different than at least one other adhesive mass  418  comprising the seam  3200 . 
       FIG. 33  illustrates a schematic diagram of a garment having different types of seams in different locations of the garment  114 . Although the garment  114  depicted in  FIG. 33  is illustrated as a T-shirt, the garment  114  may be any other type of garment, such as but not limited to short and long sleeve shirts, dress shirts, jackets, pants, gloves, or non-garment products such as bedsheets, pillow case, table cloth, rugs or handbags, etc. The seams of the garment  114  generally join a first fabric portion to a second fabric portion. For example, one seam  3302  of the garment  114  generally joins a first fabric portion  3304  in the form of a sleeve to a second fabric portion  3306  in the form of the body of the shirt. Another seam  3308  of the garment  114  generally forms a hem from two fabric portions defined across a fold at the lower edge of the body of the shirt. Another seam  3310  may join the front and back portions of the body of the shirt. Yet another seam  3312  may join the collar to the body of the shirt. As each of these seams  3302 ,  3308 ,  3310 ,  3312  have different performance and/or aesthetic requirements, each seams may optionally be different than another one of the  3302 ,  3308 ,  3310 ,  3312  to better individually meet the performance and/or aesthetic requirements of each seam  3302 ,  3308 ,  3310 ,  3312 . As an example, the seam  3302  joining the sleeves to the body may have a more robust and durable seam type than the seam  3308  forming a hem. Seam type is the seam construction (i.e., bondline construction) identified by the seams depicted and described with reference to  FIGS. 9A-32  above. 
       FIG. 34  is a partial sectional view of a seam  3400  securing more than two fabric portions together, such as where reinforcement patches meet seams joining other portions of a garment, and the like. Although the example depicted in  FIG. 34  illustrates three fabric portions  3402 ,  3404 ,  3406  joined together using multiple bondlines (shown as bondlines  3408  disposed between portions  3402 ,  3404 , and bondlines  3410  disposed between portions  3404 ,  3406 ), additional numbers of fabric portions and bondlines may be utilized. Each bondline  3408 ,  3410  may have a bondline construction as identified by any of the seams depicted and described with reference to  FIGS. 9A-32  above. Additionally, when multiple bondlines  3408  are used to join the fabric portions  3402 ,  3404 , each bondlines  3408  may have the same or different construction as compared to another one of the bondlines  3408 . The bondline type selection for bondline  3410  may be the same or different from one, some or all of the bondlines  3408 . 
     In  FIG. 34 , the adhesive masses  418  forming the bondline  3408  are vertically fully or partially aligned with the adhesive masses  418  forming the bondline  3410 . The vertical alignment with the adhesive masses  418  enhances fabric stretch across the seam  3400 . In other examples where fabric stretch is not as important as compared to the look and feel of the seam  3400 , the adhesive masses  418  forming the bondline  3408  may be vertically not aligned with the adhesive masses  418  forming the bondline  3410 , as shown in  FIG. 35 . 
     In the current disclosure, reference is made to various embodiments. However, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to specific described embodiments. Instead, any combination of the following features and elements, whether related to different embodiments or not, is contemplated to implement and practice the teachings provided herein. Additionally, when elements of the embodiments are described in the form of “at least one of A and B,” it will be understood that embodiments including element A exclusively, including element B exclusively, and including element A and B are each contemplated. Furthermore, although some embodiments may achieve advantages over other possible solutions or over the prior art, whether or not a particular advantage is achieved by a given embodiment is not limiting of the present disclosure. Thus, the aspects, features, embodiments and advantages disclosed herein are merely illustrative and are not considered elements or limitations of the appended claims except where explicitly recited in a claim(s). Likewise, reference to “the invention” shall not be construed as a generalization of any inventive subject matter disclosed herein and shall not be considered to be an element or limitation of the appended claims except where explicitly recited in a claim(s). 
     As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments described herein may be embodied as a system, method or computer program product. Accordingly, embodiments may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.” Furthermore, embodiments described herein may take the form of a computer program product embodied in one or more computer readable medium(s) having computer readable program code embodied thereon. 
     Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing. 
     Computer program code for carrying out operations for embodiments of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user&#39;s computer, partly on the user&#39;s computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user&#39;s computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user&#39;s computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). 
     Aspects of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations or block diagrams of methods, apparatuses (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the block(s) of the flowchart illustrations or block diagrams. 
     These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable medium that can direct a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the function/act specified in the block(s) of the flowchart illustrations or block diagrams. 
     The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device provide processes for implementing the functions/acts specified in the block(s) of the flowchart illustrations or block diagrams. 
     The flowchart illustrations and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in the flowchart illustrations or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the Figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order or out of order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams or flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams or flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions. 
     While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present disclosure, other and further embodiments of the disclosure may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. And while various embodiments have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only and not limitation. Other embodiments falling within the scope of the invention may also become apparent to those skilled in the art. Thus, the breadth and scope of the invention should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.