Patent Publication Number: US-5294455-A

Title: Food product

Description:
The invention relates to an edible spread-like product with or without added fat. 
     An acceptable edible spread should have a number of characteristics. It should be capable of being spread at domestic refrigerator temperatures and at room temperature without releasing moisture. It should release its flavour in the mouth but should also retain its structure when spread, for example on bread, biscuits or hot toast. The spread must also be stable at room temperature and have an adequate shelf life. 
     Up to recent times spreads generally contained from 40 to 80% fat and for reasons of product texture, spreadability, appearance, and shelf life generally consisted of water-in-oil emulsions having a continuous fat phase and a dispersed aqueous phase distributed through the fat phase. In recent years, in response to a desire to reduce fat content in diet, spreads having fat content as low as 20% have been proposed. However, there are particular technical difficulties in the manufacture of such low fat spreads in particular in obtaining and maintaining product texture, shelf life and general stability of the product. 
     There are many technical difficulties in the manufacture of low fat spreads. These problems include the development of spreads which have acceptable spread like textures and also adequate shelf life. Achieving both of these aims together creates particular difficulties. For example, it may be possible to develop a combination of ingredients which gives a spread-like texture but without sufficient shelf life. Similarly it may be possible to achieve shelf life, for example, by increasing the solids content in the spread but at the expense of texture. 
     There are a number of possible routes to the manufacture of such low fat spread products. For example, one can use maltodextrins which are marketed as fat replacers. These maltodextrins can be used to contribute a certain amount of body in a spread. However, there is a limit to the amount of maltodextrin which can be used as an excessive amount will give a starchy or pasty product. Furthermore, the use of maltodextrins on their own will not give adequate shelf life. 
     There is therefore a need for an improved edible spread, particularly a spread having a fat content of substantially less than 40%. 
     We have now, very surprisingly, been able to produce spreads having the desired characteristics with extremely low or no fat content. 
     According to the invention, there is provided an edible spread comprising: 
     water; 
     from 2% to 20% by weight of water soluble starch; 
     from 0.05% to 1.5% by weight of alginate and as part of a water binding system; and 
     an amount of a food compatible divalent metal ion source material sufficient to stabilise the water binding system, 
     which, when pasteurized, cooled and set, forms a spread of desired consistency. 
     The particular combination of water soluble starch, alginate and a metal ion source material gives a product with very surprisingly good spread-like characteristics. The use, in particular, of alginate with a metal ion source material, particularly a calcium source material such as either a milk protein or calcium salts gives a product with especially good spread characteristics. This may be because the precipitation of metal ion alginate, especially calcium alginate facilitates the formation of a spread-like texture. 
     In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention the spread includes from 0.1% to 5% by weight of gelatin as part of the water binding system. We have found that gelatin is particularly important in ensuring formation of a spread having an adequate shelf life. 
     In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention the alginate is present in an amount of from 0.2% to 0.9%, especially, approximately 0.5% by weight of the spread. The alginate is preferably a sodium alginate such as that sold under the Trade Mark SOBALG by GRINDSTED. 
     In one embodiment of the invention the food compatible divalent metal ion source material is a calcium source material. However, it may be possible to use another divalent metal ion source material such as magnesium source material. 
     The calcium source material preferably incudes milk protein in an amount of from 0.1% to 15%, preferably from 2% to 10%, by weight of the spread. Milk protein is preferred to contribute to the flavour of the product. 
     Preferably the milk protein is selected from skim milk powder, buttermilk powder, whey powder, whey protein concentrate, caseinates and mixtures thereof. 
     Alternatively or additionally, the calcium source material may include calcium salts in an amount of from 0.005% to 5%, preferably from 0.01% to 2.0% by weight of the spread. The calcium salt is preferably selected from calcium chloride, calcium citrate, calcium lactate, calcium phosphate, calcium gluconate, calcium sulphate, calcium propionate, calcium stearate, calcium succinate, calcium tartarate, calcium sorbate, calcium acetate, calcium formate, calcium nitrate, calcium hydroxide, other food grade calcium salts and mixtures thereof. 
     In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention the gelatin is present in an amount from 1.0% to 2.0% by weight. The gelatin used may, for example, be that sold under the Trade Mark GELADON G by GRINDSTED or other food grade gelatin. 
     In an especially preferred embodiment of the invention the water binding system includes from 1% to 15%, preferably from 2% to 12% by weight of a soluble vegetable fibre. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the vegetable fibre comprises INULIN such as that sold under the Trade Mark FIBRULINE by Cosucra. We have found that soluble vegetable fibre is particularly preferred as it contributes to the water binding properties and the texture of the product. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the invention the soluble starch incudes at least 1%, preferably from 3% to 15% by weight of the spread of hydrolysed starch having a dextrose equivalent of from 0 to 5. Preferably the starch comprises a mixture of soluble hydrolysed starches. Most preferably the mixture of hydrolysed starches comprises a first soluble starch having a dextrose equivalent of from 0 to 5 and a second soluble starch having a dextrose equivalent of from 0 to 5. We have found that this is particularly significant in improving the overall spread characteristics. 
     The low DE starch may comprise the starch sold under the Trade Mark PASELLI SA2 by Avebe (a potato maltodextrin) and/or starch sold under the Trade Mark INSTANT N-OIL II by National Starch (a tapioca maltodextrin). 
     In one embodiment of the invention the spread includes at least 0.5% by weight of a hydrolysed soluble starch having a dextrose equivalent greater than 5 such as Maltodextrin having a dextrose equivalent of 10 such as PASELLI MD10. 
     The spread may also include at least 0.1% by weight of modified starch such as the starch sold under the Trade Mark ULTRATEX 3 or 4 by NATIONAL STARCH. 
     The combination of ingredients described gives a product with acceptable spread characteristics. We have found that a particular texture may be achieved by modifying the amount of starches, particularly low DE starches used. It is not necessary therefore to include fat in the spread. However, if desired, up to 40% by weight of fat may be included in the spread without significantly altering its characteristics. When fat is present, preferably it is present in an amount of from 0 to 20% by weight. 
     The fat may be vegetable or animal fat or a mixture thereof. The fat may be natural as extracted or may be hydrogenated, interisterified or fractionated. Typical fats include butterfat, palm oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, soya bean oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, maize oil, corn oil, tallow, coconut, fish oil and the like. 
     The spread may also include up to 1% by weight of an emulsifier such as lecithin, monodiglycerides, esters of sugars, acids or alcohols. 
     The spread may, in addition, include flavouring agents such as butter, margarine, diary cheese, chocolate, hazelnut, garlic and/or savory flavours. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention will be more clearly understood from the following description thereof given by way of example only. 
     The following examples yielded spreads with good spread characteristics. 
     In each case the ingredients were blended together (for example either using a SILVERSON mixer or an homogeniser) with sodium chloride, potassium sorbate, colour (β-carotene), flavourings, acidity regulators (lactic acid, sodium lactate) to pH 5.1 in water and pasteurised at 80° C. for one minute. All percentages are by weight of the spread. 
     In the case of examples 1 to 12 the solution thus formed was cooled, for example by passing it through a scraped surface heat exchanger, and set. 
     In the case of examples 13 and 14 the oil-in-water emulsion thus formed was cooled, for example by passing it through a scraped surface heat exchanger, and set. 
     
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Example 1                                                                 
10.0%    Low DE Soluble Starch - INSTANT N-OIL II                         
5.0%     Skim Milk Powder                                                 
5.0%     Soluble Vegetable Fibre - FIBRULINE                              
1.0%     Gelatin (GELADON G)                                              
0.5%     Alginate (SOBALG)                                                
Example 2                                                                 
10.0%    Low DE Soluble Starch - PASELLI SA2                              
5.0%     Skim Milk Powder                                                 
5.0%     Soluble Vegetable Fibre - FIBRULINE                              
1.0%     Gelatin (GELADON G)                                              
0.5%     Alginate (SOBALG)                                                
Example 3                                                                 
5.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - INSTANT N-OIL II                         
5.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - PASELLI SA2                              
5.0%     Skim Milk Powder                                                 
5.0%     Soluble Vegetable Fibre - FIBRULINE                              
1.0%     Gelatin (GELADON G)                                              
0.5%     Alginate (SOBALG)                                                
Example 4                                                                 
5.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - PASELLI SA2                              
5.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - INSTANT N-OIL II                         
5.0%     Whey Protein Concentrate (35% protein)                           
5.0%     Soluble Vegetable Fibre - FIBRULINE                              
1.0%     Gelatin (GELADON G)                                              
0.5%     Alginate (SOBALG)                                                
Example 5                                                                 
5.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - PASELLI SA2                              
5.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - INSTANT N-OIL II                         
5.0%     Buttermilk Powder                                                
5.0%     Soluble Vegetable Fibre - FIBRULINE                              
1.0%     Gelatin (GELADON G)                                              
0.5%     Alginate (SOBALG)                                                
Example 6                                                                 
5.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - PASELLI SA2                              
5.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - INSTANT N-OIL II                         
5.0%     Soluble Vegetable Fibre - FIBRULINE                              
0.1%     Calcium Lactate                                                  
1.0%     Gelatin (GELADON G)                                              
0.5%     Alginate (SOBALG)                                                
Example 7                                                                 
5.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - PASELLI SA2                              
5.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - INSTANT N-OIL II                         
5.0%     Soluble Vegetable Fibre - FIBRULINE                              
 0.05%   Calcium Chloride                                                 
1.0%     Gelatin (GELADON G)                                              
0.5%     Alginate (SOBALG)                                                
Example 8                                                                 
4.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - INSTANT N-OIL II                         
4.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - PASELLI SA2                              
5.0%     Maltodextrin DE 10 Soluble Starch -                              
         PASELLI MD10                                                     
5.0%     Skim Milk Powder                                                 
5.0%     Soluble Vegetable Fibre - FIBRULINE                              
1.0%     Gelatin (GELADON G)                                              
0.5%     Alginate (SOBALG)                                                
Example 9                                                                 
5.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - INSTANT N-OIL II                         
5.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - PASELLI SA2                              
0.3%     Modified Starch - ULTRATEX                                       
5.0%     Skim Milk Powder                                                 
5.0%     Soluble Vegetable Fibre - FIBRULINE                              
1.0%     Gelatin (GELADON G)                                              
0.5%     Alginate (SOBALG)                                                
Example 10                                                                
5.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - INSTANT N-OIL II                         
5.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - PASELLI SA2                              
1.0%     Gelatin (GELADON G)                                              
0.5%     Alginate (SOBALG)                                                
5.0%     Skim Milk Powder                                                 
Example 11                                                                
5.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - INSTANT N-OIL II                         
5.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - PASELLI SA2                              
9.0%     Soluble Vegetable Fibre - FIBRULINE                              
0.5%     Alginate (SOBALG)                                                
5.0%     Skim Milk Powder                                                 
Example 12                                                                
4.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - INSTANT N-OIL II                         
4.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - PASELLI SA2                              
5.0%     Skim Milk Powder                                                 
5.0%     Soluble Vegetable Fibre - FIBRULINE                              
2.0%     Gelatin (GELADON G)                                              
0.5%     Alginate (SOBALG)                                                
Example 13                                                                
5.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - PASELLI SA2                              
5.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - INSTANT N-OIL II                         
5.0%     Skim Milk Powder                                                 
5.0%     Soluble Vegetable Fibre - FIBRULINE                              
0.5%     Alginate (SOBALG)                                                
1.0%     Gelatin (GELADON G)                                              
10.0%    Fat                                                              
Example 14                                                                
5.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - PASELLI SA2                              
5.0%     Low DE Soluble Starch - INSTANT N-OIL II                         
5.0%     Skim Milk Powder                                                 
5.0%     Soluble Vegetable Fibre - FIBRULINE                              
0.5%     Alginate (SOBALG)                                                
1.0%     Gelatin (GELADON G)                                              
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     The invention is not limited to the embodiments and examples hereinbefore described which may be varied in detail.