Patent Publication Number: US-2021184206-A1

Title: Anode material for lithium secondary battery and method of manufacturing the same

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     The present application claims priority of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0167916 filed on Dec. 16, 2019, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein for all purposes by this reference. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to an anode material for a lithium secondary battery and a method of manufacturing the same. Particularly, the lithium secondary battery may be manufactured to have a high energy density by using only a single anode material. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Secondary batteries have been used as small-scale, high-performance energy sources for large-capacity power storage batteries such as electric vehicles or battery power storage systems, and portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, camcorders, and notebook computers. Accordingly, researches for reducing size or weight of the secondary batteries and achieving high capacity or low power consumption have been continued, which may be particularly, useful for portable electronic devices. 
     In particular, a lithium secondary battery, which is a representative secondary battery, has a greater energy density, a greater capacity per area, a less self-discharge rate, and a longer life than those of a nickel manganese battery or a nickel cadmium battery. In addition, the lithium secondary battery has the characteristics of ease of use and long life because there is no memory effect. 
     The lithium secondary battery produces electric energy by the oxidation and reduction reactions when lithium ions are intercalated and deintercalated from the anode and the cathode in a state where the electrolyte has been charged between the anode and the cathode made of an active material capable of intercalations and deintercalation of the lithium ions. 
     Such a lithium secondary battery is composed of an anode material, an electrolyte, a separator, a cathode material, and the like, and it is very important to stably keep an interfacial reaction between components for securing long life and reliability of the battery. 
     In order to improve the performance of the lithium secondary battery as described above, research has been steadily conducted to improve the anode material. In particular, many studies have been conducted to develop a high-performance and high-safety lithium secondary battery, but in recent years, safety problems are continuously raised due to frequent explosion accident of the lithium secondary battery. 
     Accordingly, the present applicant has completed the present invention by implementing a high energy density lithium secondary battery by implementing a high capacity, for example, of 250 m Ah/g or greater in a voltage range of 2 to 4.2 V when using a lithium-rich-based material. 
     The foregoing explained as the background is intended merely to aid in the understanding of the background of the present invention, and is not intended to mean that the present invention falls within the purview of the related art that is already known to those skilled in the art. 
     SUMMARY 
     In preferred aspects, provided are, inter alia, an anode material for a lithium secondary battery and a method of manufacturing the same. The thus prepared lithium secondary batter may have high energy density only by using simply forming an acid-treated carbon nanotube (CNT) and a single anode material as a composite. 
     In an aspect, provided is an anode composite material for a lithium secondary battery that may include a Li—[Mn—Ti]—Al—O-based anode active material; and a carbon nanotube (CNT) present on or with the anode active material. For instance, the carbon nanotube (CNT) is suitably present on a surface of anode active material, and for example the carbon nanotube (CNT) may be affixed to the anode active material by covalent or non-covalent bonds. In particular aspects, the carbon nanotube suitably may be treated with an acid such that the acid-treated carbon nanotube may be attached to the surface of the Li—[Mn—Ti]—Al—O-based anode active material. 
     The Li—[Mn—Ti]—Al—O-based anode active material may suitably includes Li 1.25 [Mn 0.45 Ti 0.35 ] 0.975 Al 0.025 O 2 . 
     The anode composite material may include carbon nanotube in an amount of about 1 to 5 wt % relative to the entire weight of the anode composite material. 
     The carbon nanotube may have a length of about 50 to 100 μm, and a diameter of about 20 to 30 nm. 
     In another aspect, provided is a method of manufacturing an anode composite material for a lithium secondary battery that may include preparing a Li—[Mn—Ti]—Al—O-based anode active material; treating a carbon nanotube (CNT) by immersing and stirring it in an acidic solution; and forming the anode composite material by combining the prepared Li—[Mn—Ti]—Al—O-based anode active material and the treated carbon nanotube. 
     The Li—[Mn—Ti]—Al—O-based anode active material may be prepared by steps comprising: synthesizing a composite by mixing Li 2 CO 3 , Mn 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , and Al 2 O 3  with anhydrous ethanol and first ball milling; pelletizing by washing and then drying the synthesized composite; and heating and firing the palletized composite in an inert atmosphere to obtain a powder. 
     The composite may include Li 1.25 [Mn 0.45 Ti 0.35 ] 0.975 Al 0.025 O 2 , and the composite was heated at a temperature of about 900 to 1000° C. for about 10 to 14 hours. 
     The carbon nanotube (CNT) may be treated by immersing in the acidic solution and stirring for about 10 to 14 hours. 
     The anode composite material may suitably include Li—[Mn—Ti]—Al—O-based anode active material in an amount of about 95 to 99 wt % and the carbon nanotube in an amount of about 1 to 5 wt % based on the total weight of the anode composite material. 
     The forming the anode composite material may include second ball milling the prepared Li—[Mn—Ti]—Al—O-based anode active material and the treated carbon nano tube. Preferably, the second ball milling may be performed for about 12 to 24 hours. 
     Also provided is a lithium secondary battery an anode including an anode composite material as described herein; a cathode including a cathode active material; and an electrolyte. In particular, the anode compote material may include a Li—[Mn—Ti]—Al—O-based anode active material and a carbon nanotube (CNT) that is attached to the surface of the Li—[Mn—Ti]—Al—O-based anode active material. 
     According to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the anode material having the high energy density may be obtained only by coating an acid-treated carbon nanotube (CNT) on the surface of the anode active material, as a form of composite, which can be used a single anode material. 
     In particular, the carbon nanotube (CNT) may be coated on the Li—[Mn—Ti]—Al—O-based anode active material, for example, by acid treatment to the carbon nanotube, thereby overcoming the air instability, structural instability, low lifetime characteristic, and low output characteristic of the anode active material. 
     Accordingly, it is possible to construct the pure electric vehicle model, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the pure electric vehicle which is battery-centric as compared to hybrid and derivative electric vehicles in which the driving device is mounted on the previously designed vehicle structure. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other objects, features and other advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram showing an exemplary anode composite material for an exemplary lithium secondary battery and an exemplary method of manufacturing the same according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 2A and 2B  are graphs showing charge/discharge curves and cycle results of an anode composite material according to Comparative Examples and an Embodiment which changed components of an anode active material. 
         FIG. 3  is a graph showing the cycle result of the anode composite material according to Comparative Examples and an Embodiment which changed the mixed amount of a carbon nanotube. 
         FIGS. 4A to 4C  are photographs showing the appearances after molding a carbon nanotube and a composite according to Comparative Examples and an Embodiment which changed the length and diameter of the carbon nanotube. 
         FIGS. 5A and 5B  are diagrams showing an XRD result of an anode composite material according to Comparative Examples and an Embodiment which changed the synthesis temperature and time in a synthesis process. 
         FIG. 6  is a graph showing the cycle result of an anode composite material according to Comparative Examples and an Embodiment which changed an acid-treated time. 
         FIGS. 7A and 7B  are graphs showing the charge/discharge curves and cycle results of one cycle of an anode composite material according to Comparative Examples and an Embodiment which changed a ball milling time. 
         FIGS. 8A to 8C  are diagrams showing the results of measuring the electrochemical characteristics of an Embodiment and a Comparative Example. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below but will be implemented in various different forms, and only the present embodiments are intended to complete the invention of the present invention, and are provided to completely inform those skilled in the art of the scope of the invention. 
     The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. 
     Unless specifically stated or obvious from context, as used herein, the term “about” is understood as within a range of normal tolerance in the art, for example within 2 standard deviations of the mean. “About” can be understood as within 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.1%, 0.05%, or 0.01% of the stated value. Unless otherwise clear from the context, all numerical values provided herein are modified by the term “about.” 
     In an aspect, an anode composite material (or “anode material”) for a lithium secondary battery is a material of forming an anode applied to a lithium secondary battery, and may include the anode composite material. The anode composite material may be made by attaching an acid-treated carbon nano tube (CNT) to an anode active material. The lithium secondary battery may include an anode including an anode active material; a cathode including a cathode active material; and an electrolyte. 
     The anode active material may include a Li—[Mn—Ti]—Al—O-based material capable of reversible intercalations and deintercalation of lithium ions. 
     The Li—[Mn—Ti]—Al—O-based material may preferably include, or be Li 1.25 [Mn 0.45 Ti 0.35 ] 0.975 Al 0.025 O 2 . 
     The atomic ratios of Mn and Ti, and the molar ratios of Li, Al, and O are represented as Li 1.25 [Mn 0.45 Ti 0.35 ] 0.975 Al 0.025 O 2  in order to secure a high reversible capacity and to maintain excellent life characteristics during the cycle. 
     In addition, the carbon nanotube (CNT) attached to the surface of the anode active material may be subjected to acid treatment before attaching to the surface of the anodized material. At this time, the acid treatment of the carbon nanotube (CNT) may increase the crystallinity of the carbon nanotube (CNT) to easily form the anode active material and the composite. 
     By forming the composite by attaching the acid-treated carbon nanotube (CNT) to the anode active material, low life characteristics and low output characteristics may be improved while eliminating the air instability and structural instability of the anode active material. 
     The acid-treated carbon nanotube (CNT) may preferably be in an amount of about 1 to 5 wt % relative to the total weight of the anode composite material. Accordingly, the anode composite material may be manufactured by mixing an amount of about 95 to 99 wt % of the anode active material and an amount of about 1 to 5 wt % of carbon nanotube (CNT) followed by ball milling. 
     When the mixed amount of carbon nanotube (CNT) is less than about 1 wt %, characteristics expected according to the attachment of carbon nanotube (CNT) may not be obtained, and when the mixed amount of carbon nanotube (CNT) is greater than about 5 wt %, the life characteristics may be reduced by implementing an inefficient capacity, after forming the composite with the anode active material. 
     The carbon nanotube (CNT) to be acid-treated may preferably have a length of about 50 to 100 μm and a diameter of about 20 to 30 nm. 
     When the carbon nanotube (CNT) does not satisfy the suggested length range and diameter range, it is difficult to implement the shape of the carbon nanotube (CNT) and to form the composite with the anode active material. 
     A method of manufacturing the anode composite material formed as described above will be described. 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram showing an anode composite material for a lithium secondary battery and a method of manufacturing the same according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     In an aspect, a method of manufacturing an anode composite material for a lithium secondary battery provides steps of preparing an anode active material; acid-treating a carbon nanotube (CNT); and complexing which forms the prepared anode active material and the acid-treated carbon nanotube as a composite. 
     The preparing prepares an anode active material by using a Li—[Mn—Ti]—Al—O-based material. At this time, the anode active material or particularly, a Li—[Mn—Ti]—Al—O-based material may preferably include, or be Li 1.25 [Mn 0.45 Ti 0.35 ] 0.975 Al 0.025 O 2 . 
     As described above, in order to prepare Li 1.25 [Mn 0.45 Ti 0.35 ] 0.975 Al 0.025 O 2  as the anode active material, first, Li 2 CO 3 , Mn 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , and Al 2 O 3  may be mixed with anhydrous ethanol and ball-milled to synthesize a composite (Synthesis process). Accordingly, Li 1.25 [Mn 0.45 Ti 0.35 ] 0.975 Al 0.025 O 2  may be prepared as the synthesized composite. 
     In addition, the synthesized composite may be washed and then dried to pelletize (pelletizing process). 
     Then, the pelletized composite may be fired by heating at a temperature of about 900 to 1000° C. for about 10 to 14 hours in an inert atmosphere to obtain a powder (firing process). 
     Within the range of firing temperature and time presented in the firing process for synthesizing the anode active material, a single phase material having a space group of Fm-3m of a Cubic structure may be manufactured. On the other hand, when being out of the range of the firing temperature and time presented, there is a problem in that the anode active material may not be synthesized. 
     The acid-treating may include immersing the carbon nanotube (CNT) in an acidic solution and stirring the carbon nanotube (CNT). Accordingly, by increasing the crystallinity of the carbon nanotube (CNT), the composite may be easily formed or complexed with the anode active material. 
     Preferably, the acid-treating preferably may include immersing the carbon nanotube (CNT) in the acidic solution and stirs it for about 10 to 14 hours. 
     For example, the acid-treating may be performed by adding an amount of about 0.5 g MW-CNT into 100 ml of HNO 3  (liquid or solution) and then stirring it at room temperature at about 80 RPM for about 10 to 14 hours. 
     When a time of acid-treating the carbon nanotube (CNT) is shorter than about 10 hours or longer than about 14 hours, the capacity may decrease significantly after approximately 20 cycles. Accordingly, the time of acid-treating the carbon nanotube (CNT) in consideration of a capacity retention rate may be of about 10 to 14 hours. 
     In addition, for example, there appeared that the MW-CNT was gradually dispersed like a spider web during acid treatment, and such a phenomenon may be very effective in attaching the carbon nanotube (CNT) to the surface of the anode active material. However, the carbon nanotube (CNT) subjected to acid treatment for 16 hours have a problem in which the CNT may be shortly broken. 
     Accordingly, in order to attach the carbon nanotube (CNT) to the surface of the anode active material in an ideal form, the carbon nanotube (CNT) having a very large surface area may be obtained by acid-treating the carbon nanotube (CNT) for about 10 to 14 hours. 
     Forming or complexing an anode composite material may include coating the acid-treated carbon nanotube (CNT) on the surface of the prepared anode active material. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the complexing step may form the anode composite material by attaching and coating the carbon nanotube (CNT) on the surface of the anode active material when charging and ball-milling the anode active material of Li 1.25 [Mn 0.45 Ti 0.35 ] 0.975 Al 0.025 O 2  and carbon nanotube (CNT) in a low-energy ball milling device. 
     The anode active material in an amount of about 95 to 99 wt % and the carbon nanotube (CNT) in an amount of about 1 to 5 wt % may be mixed and then ball-milled to attach the carbon nanotube (CNT) on the surface of the anode active material to be coated. The wt % is based on the total weight of the anode composite material. 
     In addition, in the complexing, the ball milling may preferably be performed for about 12 to 24 hours. 
     When the ball milling time is shorter than about 12 hours, the shape of the carbon nanotube (CNT) may be kept and the complexing with the anode active material may be obtained, but the characteristics similar to the battery performance before forming the composite may be kept. Accordingly, it is not possible to complex the anode active material and the carbon nanotube (CNT). 
     In addition, when the ball milling time is longer than about 24 hours, the inherent characteristics of the carbon nanotube (CNT) may disappear, such that complexing the anode active material and the carbon nanotube (CNT) may not be sufficient and phenomena of electrochemically reducing the capacity and reducing the life characteristics may occur. 
     Example 
     The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described through Comparative examples and Embodiments. 
     Experiment 1 
     An experiment was performed to select an atomic ratio or a molar ratio of each component of a Li—[Mn—Ti]—Al—O-based material used as an anode active material. 
     At this time, in order to manufacture an anode material, Li 2 CO 3  (Li 2 CO 3  is added in 3 wt % excess), Mn 2 O 3  (synthesized by firing MnCO 3 ), TiO 2 , and Al 2 O 3  were mixed with an anhydrous ethanol solvent in a jar of a 45 ml volume. However, the atomic ratio or the molar ratio of each component of the Li—[Mn—Ti]—Al—O-based material was adjusted and matched as in Table 1 below. At this time, ZrO 2  balls of 10 mm×5 g, 5 mm×10 g, 1 mm×4 g were added. The ball milling conditions were set in 17 sets every 15 minutes at 300 rpm/5 h. After ball milling, it was washed with ethanol, dried and pelletized. The powder was obtained by firing in an Ar atmosphere at a temperature of 900° C. for 12 hours. Then, a primary carbon ball milling (300 rpm/6 h, 20 sets every 15 minutes) [active material: Acetylene black=9 wt. %: 1 wt. %, ZrO 2  Ball: 10 mm×3 #, 5 mm×9 #, 1 mm×2 g] was performed and then a secondary carbon ball milling (300 rpm/12 h, 40 sets every 15 minutes), [ZrO 2  Ball: 1 mm×5.5 g] was performed. During the secondary carbon ball milling, 1 wt % of the acid-treated CNT was added. 
     In particular, the anode active material was synthesized while changing the content of each component as in Table 1 below, and the electrochemical characteristics of the lithium secondary battery using the same were examined, and the charge and discharge curves and the cycle results as a result were shown in  FIGS. 2A and 2B . 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Items 
                 Kinds of anode active material 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Comparative Example 1-1 
                 Li 1.2 [Mn 0.4 Ti 0.4 ]O 2   
               
               
                   
                 Comparative Example 1-2 
                 Li 1.2 [Mn 0.4 Ti 0.4 ]O 2  + Al 2.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Comparative Example 1-3 
                 Li 1.2 [Mn 0.4 Ti 0.4 ]O 2  + Al 5% 
               
               
                   
                 Comparative Example 1-4 
                 Li 1.25 [Mn 0.45 Ti 0.35 ]O 2   
               
               
                   
                 Embodiment 1 
                 Li 1.25 [Mn 0.45 Ti 0.35 ]O 2  + Al 2.5% 
               
               
                   
                 Comparative Example 1-5 
                 Li 1.25 [Mn 0.45 Ti 0.35 ]O 2  + Al 5% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As shown in  FIG. 2A , the Embodiment showed a greater reversible capacity than that of the Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-5. In addition, as shown in  FIG. 2B , the Embodiment had a better life characteristics than that of the Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-5. 
     Accordingly, it was preferable to use Li 1.25 [Mn 0.45 Ti 0.35 ]O 2 +Al 2.5% according to the Embodiment above, as the anode active material and Li 1.25 [Mn 0.45 Ti 0.35 ] 0.975 Al 0.025 O 2  was preferably selected as the anode active material. 
     Experiment 2 
     An experiment was conducted to select the content range of the anode active material and the carbon nanotube (CNT). 
     The carbon nanotube (CNT) was coated on the anode active materials while changing the content of the carbon nanotube (CNT) to 1 wt %, 5 wt %, and 6 wt % with respect to the total amount of the entire anode material, the electrochemical characteristics of the lithium secondary battery using the same were examined, and the cycle results as a result were shown in  FIG. 3 . 
       FIG. 3  is a graph showing the cycle results of the anode materials according to Comparative Examples and an Embodiment which changed the mixing amount of the carbon nanotube. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , as the content of the carbon nanotube (CNT) increased, more carbon nanotube (CNT) was present in the anode material, but the life characteristics were reduced by implementing an inefficient capacity after forming the composite. Accordingly, the content range of the carbon nanotube (CNT) was preferably to be 1 to 5 wt %. 
     Experiment 3 
     An experiment was conducted to select the length and diameter range of the carbon nanotube (CNT) forming the anode material. 
     The carbon nanotube (CNT) were coated on the anode material while changing the length and diameter thereof as in Table 2 below, the images of the carbon nanotube (CNT) and the anode material were observed, and the results were shown in  FIGS. 4A to 4C . 
       FIGS. 4A to 4C  are photographs showing the shape after molding the carbon nanotube and the composite according to Comparative Examples and an Embodiment which changed the length and diameter of the carbon nanotube. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Items 
                 Length(μm) 
                 Diameter(nm) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Embodiment 2 
                 50~100 
                 20~30 
               
               
                   
                 Comparative Example 2-1 
                 50~100 
                 10~20 
               
               
                   
                 Comparative Example 2-2 
                 less than 50 
                 more than 30 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As shown in  FIG. 4A , when the length of the carbon nanotube (CNT) was 50 to 100 μm and the diameter thereof was 20 to 30 nm, the shape of the carbon nanotube (CNT) was implemented, the composite was formed correctly. 
     On the other hand, as shown in  FIGS. 4B and 4C , when the length and diameter of the carbon nanotube (CNT) was out of the range presented, the shape of the carbon nanotube (CNT) was not properly implemented, and it was difficult to form the composite. Accordingly, the carbon nanotube (CNT) was preferably to have a length of 50 to 100 μm and a diameter of 20 to 30 nm. 
     Experiment 4 
     An experiment was conducted to select a synthesis temperature and a synthesis time in the synthesis process. 
     The synthesis process was carried out while changing the synthesis temperature in units of 100° C. up to 700 to 1200° C., and the results thereof were shown in  FIG. 5A . In addition, the synthesis process was carried out by changing the synthesis time from 9 to 17 hours, and the results thereof were shown in  FIG. 5B . 
       FIGS. 5A and 5B  are diagrams showing XRD results of the anode material according to Comparative Examples and an Embodiment which changed a synthesis temperature and time during the synthesis process. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5A , a single phase material having a space group of Fm-3m of a Cubic structure was present in a section in which the synthesis temperature was in a range of 900 to 1000° C. On the other hand, the synthesis was not made in a temperature section other than the presented synthesis temperature. 
     Accordingly, the synthesis temperature was preferably in a range of 900 to 1000° C. 
     In addition, as shown in  FIG. 5B , a single-phase material having a space group of Fm-3m of a Cubic structure was present in a section in which the synthesis time was 10 to 14 hours. On the other hand, the synthesis was not made in a time section other than the presented synthesis time. 
     Experiment 5 
     An experiment was conducted to select a time of acid-treating the carbon nanotube (CNT). 
     The acid treatment was carried out by changing the acid treatment time from 0 to 20 hours, and the results thereof were shown in  FIG. 6 . 
       FIG. 6  is a graph showing cycle results of the anode material according to Comparative Examples and an Embodiment which changed an acid treatment time. 
     As shown in  FIG. 6 , there was no difference because an initial discharge capacity according to the acid treatment time was about 300 mAh g −1 . However, the performance of the composite coated with the carbon nanotube (CNT) treated for 8 hours or less and 16 hours or more of the acid treatment time showed an inefficient aspect showing a large capacity reduction after approximately 20 cycles. Accordingly, the acid treatment time of the carbon nanotube (CNT) was preferably from 10 to 14 hours in consideration of the capacity retention rate. 
     Experiment 6 
     An experiment was conducted to select a ball milling time in the complexing. 
     In the complexing, the complexing was performed while changing the ball milling time to 0 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, and 25 hours, and the results thereof were shown in  FIGS. 7A and 7B . 
       FIGS. 7A and 7B  are graphs showing charge and discharge curves of one cycle and cycle results of the anode material according to Comparative Examples and an Embodiment which changed a ball milling time. 
     As shown in  FIG. 7A , when the ball milling time was shorter than 12 hours, it was similar to the battery performance before forming the composite. It may be inferred that this makes no sense in complexing. 
     As shown in in  FIG. 7B , when the ball milling time was longer than 24 hours, the inherent characteristics of the carbon nanotube (CNT) disappeared, which may not be the complexing, and showed the reduction in the electrochemically capacity and the reduction in the life characteristics. Accordingly, the ball milling time in the complexing was preferably 12 to 24 hours. 
     Experiment 7 
     Electrochemical characteristics of the anode material according to an Embodiment and the anode material according to a Comparative Example were compared through a 12-hour add treatment method of the carbon nanotube (CNT). 
     At this time, the Embodiment applied the anode material attached and coated 1 wt % of the carbon nanotube (CNT) acid-treated for 12 hours to the surface of the anode active material of Li 1.25 [Mn 0.45 Ti 0.35 ] 0.975 Al 0.025 O 2 , and the Comparative Example applied the anode active material of Li[Ni 0.8 Co 0.16 Al 0.04 ]O 2 . 
     In addition, the results of measuring the electrochemical characteristics of the Embodiment and the Comparative Example are shown in  FIGS. 8A to 8C . 
     As shown in  FIG. 8A , the Embodiment showed a greater reversible capacity than that of the Comparative Example. 
     As shown in  FIG. 8B , the Embodiment showed a greater initial discharge capacity than that of the Comparative Example. 
     As shown in  FIG. 8C , the Embodiment showed a greater rate characteristic than that of the Comparative Example. 
     While the present invention has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the exemplary embodiments described above, the present invention is not limited thereto and is defined by the claims to be described later. Accordingly, those skilled in the art may variously change and modify the present invention without departing from the technical spirit of the appended claims to be described later.