Patent Publication Number: US-2023146499-A1

Title: Printed circuit board and electronic device comprising coupler

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a by-pass continuation application of International Application No. PCT/KR2021/008505, filed on Jul. 5, 2021, which is based on and claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-0083761, filed on Jul. 7, 2020, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field 
     Various embodiments of the disclosure relate to a printed circuit board and an electronic device including a coupler. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     Electronic devices, such as mobile devices, may perform communication with base stations that provide wireless communication networks through communication components. Over time, such electronic devices have been miniaturized, slimmed, and/or integrated with other electronic devices. Frequencies used by the communication components included within the electronic devices have, with time, become higher and their bands have become narrower. 
     Among the communication components included in the electronic devices, a coupler may be adapted to induce some of the transmitted signals, and for example, may be used to transmit an output of a specific magnitude through an antenna by sampling some of the outputs output from an amplifier of a transmission terminal of a wireless communication circuit and delivering the sampled outputs to an automatic output adjuster. 
     The coupler may be disposed on a printed circuit board after being formed as a separate part. When the coupler is surface-mounted on the printed circuit board, the printed circuit board may occupy an excessive interior space of the electronic device due to the volume of the surface-mounted coupler. Additionally, the electronic device may further include a shield can to protect the coupler from electromagnetic influences of other electronic components mounted on the substrate or other electronic components of the electronic device, on which the substrate is mounted. Space occupied by the surface-mounted coupler and the shield can in the electronic device may make miniaturizing, slimming, and/or integrating the electronic device difficult to achieve. 
     SUMMARY 
     Provided are a coupler formed in a printed circuit board, and an electronic device including the same. 
     According to an aspect of the disclosure, a coupler includes: a first layer including a first conductive flat plate; a second layer including a signal transmission line electrically connected to the first conductive flat plate, the second layer including a first line port configured to input a signal output from a wireless communication circuit, and a second line port electrically connected to an antenna; a third layer electrically connected to the first conductive flat plate and including a first conductive pattern electrically connected to the signal transmission line; and a capacitor electrically connected to the first conductive flat plate. 
     The first layer may further include: a first conductive part that is electrically conductive; and a first opening formed at at least a portion of an inside of the first conductive part, and the first conductive flat plate may be electrically isolated from the first conductive part by the first opening. 
     The first conductive flat plate may include: a first hole periphery part defining a first via hole configured to allow electrical connection; and an extension part extending from the first hole periphery part and overlapping at least a portion of the signal transmission line, the extension part being spaced apart from the signal transmission line at a specific interval, and the capacitor may be electrically connected to the extension part. 
     The second layer may further include: a second conductive part that is electrically conductive and electrically connected to the first conductive part; a second opening formed at at least a portion of an inside of the second conductive part; and a second conductive flat plate disposed in the second opening, the second conductive flat plate defining a second via hole that is electrically connected to a first via hole. 
     The third layer may further include: a third conductive part that is electrically conductive and electrically connected to the second conductive part; a third opening formed at at least a portion of an inside of the third conductive part; and a third conductive flat plate disposed in the third opening and is electrically connected to the first conductive pattern, the third conductive flat plate defining a third via hole electrically connected to the second via hole. 
     An area of the first conductive flat plate may be larger than an area of the third conductive flat plate. 
     The coupler may further include a fourth layer adjacent to the third layer, wherein the fourth layer may include: a fourth conductive part that is electrically connected to the third conductive part and is electrically conductive; a fourth opening formed at at least a portion of an inside of the fourth conductive part; and a second conductive pattern disposed in the fourth opening and electrically connected to the first conductive flat plate. 
     The first conductive pattern may include a first pattern via hole formed on one side thereof, and the second conductive pattern may include: a second pattern via hole electrically connected to the first pattern via hole; and a terminal port electrically connected to a terminal resistor. 
     The first conductive pattern may have at least one turn. 
     The first conductive pattern may further include: a first coiling portion coiled in a first direction; and a second coiling portion coiled in a second direction. 
     One end of the first coiling portion may include a coupling port configured to transmit a coupling signal to the wireless communication circuit. 
     The first layer may further include a fourth conductive flat plate electrically connected to the first conductive flat plate, the fourth conductive flat plate defining a fourth via hole. 
     The coupler may further include a fifth layer adjacent to the first layer, wherein the fifth layer may include: a fifth hole periphery part defining a fifth via hole electrically connected to the fourth via hole; and a first capacitor via hole electrically connected to the fifth hole periphery part. 
     The coupler may further include: a sixth layer adjacent to the fifth layer, the sixth layer may include a capacitor connecting pad defining a second capacitor via hole, the second capacitor via hole being electrically connected to the first capacitor via hole, and the capacitor may be electrically connected to the first conductive flat plate by the second capacitor via hole. 
     The capacitor may include at least one of a tunable capacitor and a shunt capacitor, the signal transmission line may include at least one of: a first signal transmission line configured to transmit a signal of a first frequency band; and a second signal transmission line configured to transmit a signal of a second frequency band that is different from the first frequency band. 
     According to various embodiments of the disclosure, a spatial loss for disposing a coupler formed as a separate part in a printed circuit board may be reduced by forming at least a portion of the coupler in the printed circuit board. 
     Furthermore, according to various embodiments of the disclosure, a coupler that may perform coupling for signals of various frequency bands or provide a tuning function for a frequency band that is to be covered may be formed. 
     In addition, according to various embodiments of the disclosure, a size of a coupler may be reduced by forming characteristics of the coupler in a single direction, and thus the number of passive elements (e.g., resistors) added for stability of the coupler may be reduced. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain embodiments of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG.  1 A  illustrates a perspective view of an electronic device in a first direction according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  1 B  illustrates a perspective view of an electronic device in a second direction according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  2    illustrates an exploded perspective view of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG.  3    is a block diagram illustrating an antenna  210 , a wireless communication circuit  220 , and peripheral devices thereof included in an electronic device  200  (e.g., an electronic device  101  of  FIGS.  1 A and  1 B  or an electronic device  300  of  FIG.  2   ) according to various embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIGS.  4 A,  4 B, and  4 C  are views illustrating structures of layers of a coupler  400  embedded in a printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG.  4 D  illustrates an exploded perspective view of a coupler  400  embedded in a printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIGS.  5 A,  5 B, and  5 C  are views illustrating structures of layers of a coupler  500  embedded in a printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG.  5 D  is a view illustrating an example of an exploded perspective view of a coupler  500  embedded in a printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIGS.  6 A,  6 B, and  6 C  are views illustrating structures of layers of a coupler  600  embedded in a printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG.  6 D  illustrates an exploded perspective view of a coupler  600  embedded in a printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIGS.  7 A,  7 B, and  7 C  are views illustrating structures of layers of a coupler  700  embedded in a printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG.  7 D  illustrates an exploded perspective view of a coupler  700  embedded in a printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIGS.  8 A,  8 B, and  8 C  are views illustrating structures of layers of a coupler  800  embedded in a printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG.  8 D  illustrates an exploded perspective view of a coupler  800  embedded in a printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIGS.  9 A and  9 B  are views illustrating structures of layers and an equivalent circuit of a coupler  900  embedded in a printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG.  10 A  is a view illustrating change values of capacitances of an adjusting capacitor of a coupler including the adjusting capacitor according to various embodiments; 
         FIG.  10 B  is a view illustrating coupling characteristics according to change values of capacitances of an adjusting capacitor of  FIG.  10 A ; 
         FIG.  11    is a view illustrating coupling characteristics at a low frequency band of a coupler (e.g., a coupler  400  of  FIG.  4 A ) according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  12    is a view illustrating coupling characteristics at a middle, high, or sub6 frequency band of a coupler (e.g., a coupler  500  of  FIG.  5 A ) according to an embodiment; 
         FIG.  13    is a view illustrating coupling characteristics at a low frequency band of a coupler (e.g., a coupler  600  of  FIG.  6 A ) according to an embodiment; and 
         FIG.  14    is a block diagram of an electronic device  1401  in a network environment  1400  according to various embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Hereinafter, various embodiments of the disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
       FIG.  1 A  illustrates a perspective view of an electronic device in a first direction according to an embodiment.  FIG.  1 B  illustrates a perspective view of the electronic device in a second direction according to an embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  1 A and  1 B , an electronic device  100  may include a housing  110  including a first surface (e.g., a front surface)  110 A, a second surface (e.g., a rear surface)  110 B, and a side surface  110 C surrounding a space between the first surface  110 A and the second surface  110 B. In some embodiments, the housing may refer to a structure that defines some of the first surface  110 A, the second surface  110 B, and the side surface  110 C of  FIG.  1 A . The first surface  110 A may be defined by a front plate  102  (e.g., a glass plate or a polymer plate including various coating layers), at least a portion of which is substantially transparent. The second surface  110 B may be defined by a substantially opaque rear plate  111 . The rear plate  111 , for example, may be formed of coated or colored glass, ceramics, a polymer, a metal (e.g., aluminum, stainless steel (STS), or magnesium), or a combination of at least two thereof. The side surface  110 C may be coupled to the front plate  102  and the rear plate  111 , and may be defined by a side bezel structure (e.g., ‘a side member’)  118  including a metal and/or a polymer. In some embodiments, the rear plate  111  and the side bezel structure  118  may be integrally formed and may include the same material (e.g., a metallic material such as aluminum). 
     The front plate  102  may include two first areas  110 D that are deflected from the first surface  110 A toward the rear plate  111  and extend seamlessly, at opposite ends of a long edge of the front plate  102 . As seen in  FIG.  1 B , the rear plate  111  may include two second areas  110 E that are deflected from the second surface  110 B toward the front plate  102  and extend seamlessly, at opposite ends of a long edge of the rear plate  111 . In some embodiments, the front plate  102  (or the rear plate  111 ) may include only one of the first areas  110 D (or the second areas  110 E). In other embodiments, some of the first areas  110 D or the second areas  110 E may not be included. In the embodiments, when viewed from a side of the electronic device  100 , the side bezel structure  118  may have a first thickness (width) on a side surface, on which neither the first areas  110 D nor the second areas  110 E are included, and may have a second thickness that is smaller than the first thickness on a side surface, on which the first areas  110 D or the second areas  110 E are included. 
     The electronic device  100  may include at least one of a display  101 , audio modules  103 ,  107 , and  114 , sensor modules  104 ,  116 , and  119 , camera modules  105 ,  112 , and  113 , a key input device  117 , a light emitting element  106 , a pen input device  120 , and connector holes  108  and  109 . In some embodiments, at least one (e.g., the key input device  117  or the light emitting element  106 ) of the components may be omitted from the electronic device  100  or another component may be additionally included in the electronic device  100 . 
     The display  101 , for example, may be exposed through considerable portions of the front plate  102 . In some embodiments, at least a portion of the display  101  may be exposed through the front plate  102  that defines the first surface  110 A, and the first areas  110 D of the side surface  110 C. In some embodiments, corners of the display  101  may have a shape that is substantially the same as the adjacent outer shape of the front plate  102 . In some embodiments, in order to expand the area, by which the display  101  is exposed, the distances between the outskirts of the display  101  and the outskirts of the front plate  102  may be substantially the same. 
     In some embodiments, a portion of the screen display area of the display  101  may have a recess or an opening, and may include at least one of the audio module  114 , the sensor module  104 , the camera module  105 , and the light emitting element  106 , which are aligned with the recess or the opening. In some embodiments, at least one of the audio module  114 , the sensor module  104 , the camera module  105 , the fingerprint sensor  116 , and the light emitting element  106  may be included on the rear surface of the screen display area of the display  101 . In some embodiments, the display  101  may be coupled to or be disposed to be adjacent to a touch detection circuit, a pressure sensor that may measure the strength (the pressure) of a touch, and/or a digitizer that detects a stylus pen of a magnetic field type. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the sensor modules  104  and  109  and/or at least a portion of the key input device  117  may be disposed in the first areas  110 D and/or the second areas  110 E. 
     The audio modules  103 ,  107 , and  114  may include the microphone hole  103  and the speaker holes  107  and  114 . A microphone for acquiring external sounds may be disposed in the microphone hole  103 , and in some embodiments, a plurality of microphones may be disposed to detect the direction of a sound. The speaker holes  107  and  114  may include the external speaker hole  107  and the communication receiver hole  114 . In some embodiments, the speaker holes  107  and  114  and the microphone hole  103  may be implemented by one hole or a speaker may be included while the speaker holes  107  and  114  are not employed (e.g., a piezoelectric speaker). 
     The sensor modules  104 ,  116 , and  119  may generate an electrical signal or a data value corresponding to an operational state of the interior of the electronic device  100  or an environmental state of the outside. The sensor modules  104 ,  116 , and  119 , for example, may include the first sensor module  104  (e.g., a proximity sensor) and/or a second sensor module (e.g., a fingerprint sensor) disposed on the first surface  110 A of the housing  110 , and/or the third sensor module  119  (e.g., a heart rate monitor (HRM) sensor) and/or the fourth sensor module  116  (e.g., a fingerprint sensor) disposed on the second surface  110 B of the housing  110 . The fingerprint sensor may be disposed not only on the first surface  110 A (e.g., the display  101 ) but also on the second surface  110 B of the housing  110 . The electronic device  100  may further include a sensor module, for example, at least one of a gesture sensor, a gyro sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, a magnetic sensor, an acceleration sensor, a grip sensor, a color sensor, an infrared (IR) sensor, a biometric sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, or an illumination sensor  104 . 
     The camera modules  105 ,  112 , and  113  may include the first camera device  105  disposed on the first surface  110 A of the electronic device  100 , and the second camera device  112  and/or the flash  113  disposed on the second surface  110 B. The camera devices  105  and  112  may include one or a plurality of lenses, an image sensor, and/or an image signal processor. The flash  113 , for example, may include a light emitting diode or a xenon lamp. In some embodiments, two or more lenses (e.g., an infrared ray camera, and a wide angle/telephoto lens), and image sensors may be disposed on one surface of the electronic device  100 . 
     The key input device  117  may be disposed on the side surface  110 C of the housing  110 . In some embodiments, the electronic device  100  may not include some or all of the above-mentioned key input devices  117  and the key input devices  117  which are not included, may be realized in different forms, such as a soft key, on the display  101 . In some embodiments, the key input device may include the sensor module  116  disposed on the second surface  110 B of the housing  110 . 
     The light emitting element  106 , for example, may be disposed on the first surface  110 A of the housing  110 . The light emitting element  106 , for example, may provide state information on the electronic device  100  in the form of light. In some embodiments, the light emitting element  106 , for example, may provide a light source that interworks with an operation of the camera module  105 . The light emitting element  106 , for example, may include a light emitting diode (LED), an infrared (IR) LED, and a xenon lamp. 
     The connector holes  108  and  109  may include the first connector hole  108  that may accommodate a connector (e.g., a USB connector) for transmitting and receiving electric power and/or data to and from an external electronic device and/or the second connector hole (e.g., an earphone jack)  109  that may accommodate a connector for transmitting and receiving an audio signal to and from the external device. 
     The pen input device  120  (e.g., a stylus pen) may be guided into the interior of the housing  110  through a hole  121  formed on the side surface of the housing  110  to be inserted or detached, and may include a button for easy attachment or detachment of the pen input device  120 . A separate resonance circuit may be embedded in the pen input device  120  to interwork with an electromagnetic induction panel  390  (e.g., a digitizer) included in the electronic device  100 . The pen input device  120  may include an electromagnetic resonance (EMR) scheme, an active electrical stylus (AES), and an electric coupled resonance (ECR) scheme. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates an exploded perspective view of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG.  2   , an electronic device  300  may include a side bezel structure  310 , a first support member  311  (e.g., a bracket), a front plate  320 , a display  330 , the electromagnetic induction panel  390 , a printed circuit board  340 , a battery  350 , a second support member  360  (e.g., a rear case), an antenna  370 , and a rear plate  380 . In some embodiments, at least one (e.g., the first support member  311  or the second support member  360 ) of the components may be omitted from the electronic device  300  or another component may be additionally included in the electronic device  300 . At least one of the components of the electronic device  300  may be the same as or similar to at least one of the components of the electronic device  100  of  FIGS.  1 A and  1 B , and a repeated description thereof will be omitted. 
     The electromagnetic induction panel  390  (e.g., a digitizer) may be a panel for detecting an input by the pen input device  120 . For example, the electromagnetic induction panel  390  may include a printed circuit board (e.g., a flexible printed circuit board) and a shield sheet. The shield sheet may prevent interferences between components by electromagnetic fields generated by the components (e.g., a display module, a printed circuit board, and an electromagnetic induction panel) included in the electronic device  100 . The shield sheet may allow an input by the pen input device  120  to be accurately delivered to a coil included in the electromagnetic induction panel  240  by shielding the electromagnetic fields generated by the components. The electromagnetic induction panel  240  according to various embodiments may include an opening formed at least a partial area corresponding to a biometric sensor mounted on the electronic device  100 . 
     The first support member  311  may be disposed in the interior of the electronic device  300  to be connected to the side bezel structure  310  or to be integrally formed with the side bezel structure  310 . The first support member  311 , for example, may be formed of a metallic material and/or a nonmetallic material (e.g., a polymer). The display  330  may be coupled to one surface of the first support member  311 , and the printed circuit board  340  may be coupled to an opposite surface of the first support member  311 . A processor, a memory, and/or an interface may be mounted on the printed circuit board  340 . The processor, for example, may include one or more of a central processing unit, an application processor, a graphic processing device, an image signal processor, a sensor hub processor, or a communication processor. 
     The printed circuit board  340  may include at least one coupler. For example, a first coupler  341  and a second coupler  343  may be formed in an interior of the printed circuit board  340 . The first coupler  341 , for example, may be a configuration that couples wide band signals. For example, the wide band signals may include at least one signal of signals of, among various frequency bands supported by the electronic device  300 , a plurality of frequency bands (e.g., low, middle, high, and sub6 frequency bands). According to an embodiment, an adjusting capacitor  341   a  (e.g., a shunt capacitor or a tunable capacitor) electrically connected to the first coupler  341  may be disposed on one side of the printed circuit board  340 . The second coupler  343 , for example, may be a configuration that couples any one of signals of the first frequency band or the second frequency band. For example, the low band may include a band of about 0.5 GHz to about 1 GHz, the high band may include a band of about 2 GHz to about 6 GHz, and the middle band may include a frequency band between the low band and the high band, for example, a band of about 1 GHz to about 2 GHz. The printed circuit board  340  may include a detection point  345  that detects signals coupled by the couplers  341  and  343 . The detection point  345 , for example, may be connected to a transceiver of the electronic device  300 . 
     The memory, for example, may include a volatile and/or nonvolatile memory. 
     The interface, for example, may include a high definition multimedia interface (HDMI), a universal serial bus (USB), an flash memory card interface, and/or an audio interface. The interface, for example, may electrically or physically connect the electronic device  300  to an external electronic device, and may include a USB connector, an flash memory card/MultiMediaCard (MMC) connector, and an audio connector. 
     The battery  350  may be a device for supplying electric power to at least one component of the electronic device  300 , and for example, may include a primary battery that cannot be recharged, a secondary battery that may be recharged, and/or a fuel cell. At least a portion of the battery  350 , for example, may be disposed on substantially the same plane as the printed circuit board  340 . The battery  350  may be integrally disposed in the interior of the electronic device  300 , and may be disposed to be detachable from the electronic device  300 . 
     The antenna  370  may be disposed between the rear plate  380  and the battery  350 . The antenna  370 , for example, may include a near field communication (NFC) antenna, a wireless charging antenna, and/or a magnetic secure transmission (MST) antenna. The antenna  370 , for example, may perform short-range communication with an external device, or may wirelessly transmit and receive electric power that is necessary for charging. In another embodiment, an antenna structure may be defined by some of the side bezel structure  310  and/or the first support member  311 , or a combination thereof. 
       FIG.  3    is a block diagram illustrating an antenna  210 , a wireless communication circuit  220 , and peripheral devices thereof included in an electronic device  200  (e.g., the electronic device  101  of  FIGS.  1 A and  1 B  or the electronic device  300  of  FIG.  2   ) according to various embodiments of the disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG.  3   , the electronic device  200 , for example, may include an entirety or a portion of the electronic device  101  illustrated in  FIGS.  1 A and  1 B  or the electronic device  300  illustrated in  FIG.  2   . 
     The electronic device  200  may include at least one antenna  210 , the wireless communication circuit  220 , a processor  240  (e.g., a first processor  242  and a second processor  241 ). The wireless communication circuit  220  may include a transceiver  221  and/or a front end module  223 . The front end module  221  may include a configuration, such as a power amplifying module, a filter (a duplexer or a diplexer), or a switch. The power amplifying module may include a power amplifier or a low-noise amplifier. In some embodiments, the power amplifier may amplify an RF signal (e.g., a Tx signal) received from the transceiver  221  and transmit the RF signal to the front end module  223 . In some embodiments, the low-noise amplifier may amplify an RF signal (e.g., an Rx signal) received from the at least one antenna  210  through the front end module  223  while decreasing noise therein, and may transmit the amplified RF signal to the transceiver  221 . In some embodiments, an amplification rate of the power amplifier or the low-noise amplifier may be determined by a magnitude of an energy source (e.g., a voltage or a current) thereof. In some embodiments, the amplification rate may be changed by adjusting the magnitude of the power source (the voltage or the current) by the processor  240 . 
     The transceiver  221  may convert data received from the processor  240  to an RF signal (e.g., a transmission (Tx) signal) and output the RF signal to the front end module  223 . In some embodiments, the transceiver  221  may convert the RF signal (e.g., a reception (Rx) signal) received from the front end module  223  to digital data that may be decoded by the processor  240  and deliver the digital data to the processor  240 . 
     The front end module  223  may function to distribute electric power to two or more antennas. As an example, the front end module  223  may divide signals. The front end module  223  may separate transmission/reception signals and output them. In some embodiments, the front end module  223  may amplify the RF signal (e.g., the Tx signal) received from the transceiver  221  and output the RF signal to the at least one antenna  210 , and may filer the RF signal (e.g., the Rx signal) received from the at least one antenna  210 , low-noise amplify the filtered RF signal, and then output the amplified RF signal to the transceiver  221 . 
     A coupler  230  may perform power extraction or coupling. For example, the coupler  230  may extract a coupling signal having electric power (e.g., about 30 dBm when the electric power of the RF signal is ‘about 0 dBm’) that has the same waveform but is lower than the electric power of the RF signal from the RF signal output from the at least one antenna  210 , and transmit the coupling signal to the transceiver  221 . 
     A load impedance may be disposed between the at least one antenna  210  and the coupler  230 , and the load impedance may have a specific difference from a characteristic impedance of the coupler  230 . In some embodiments, although not illustrated in the drawings, an impedance tuning circuit (e.g., a matching circuit) that adjusts the load impedance such that the load impedance becomes closest to the characteristic impedance may be additionally included. 
     The processor  240  may include a second processor (e.g., an application processor (AP)), or the first processor  241  (e.g., a communication processor (CP)). The processor  240 , for example, may execute operations or data processing related to the control and/or communication of at least one other component of the electronic device  200 . The processor  240  may be electrically connected to other components (e.g., the transceiver  221  and/or the coupler  230 ) for controls, and may process and calculate various data. 
     The electronic device  200  may further include a memory that is operatively connected to the processor  240 , and the memory may be electrically connected to other components (e.g., the transceiver  221  and/or the coupler  230 ) to store instructions which, when executed, cause the processor to control the components and process and calculate various data. In some embodiments, the memory may store a compensation value for adjusting the load impedance such that the load impedance becomes closest to the characteristic impedance. 
     The processor  240  may calculate a reflection efficiency of the antenna  210  by using values corresponding to the coupling signal received from the transceiver  221  and acquire a phase value. The processor  240  may obtain a phase difference (e.g., a phase difference from a reference set) by comparing the acquired phase value, for example, with a reference value (reference phase information) recorded in a lookup table stored in the memory. The phase difference (e.g., an RF performance deviation from the reference set) may be compensated for. 
       FIGS.  4 A,  4 B, and  4 C  are views illustrating structures of the coupler  400  embedded in the printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the disclosure.  FIG.  4 A  is a view illustrating front surfaces (e.g., a surface that faces the z axis direction) of the layers included in the coupler  400 .  FIG.  4 B  illustrates a perspective view of a state, in which the layers as seen in  FIG.  4 A  are coupled to each other.  FIG.  4 C  is a view illustrating an equivalent circuit of that which is seen in  FIG.  4 B .  FIG.  4 D  illustrates an exploded perspective view of the coupler  400  embedded in the printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Referring to  FIG.  4 C , the coupler  400  may have a circuitry structure, in which at least one inductor having an inductance of a first magnitude is disposed between a first line port  424 - 1  and a second line port  424 - 2  and at least one inductor having a second inductance and at least one capacitor having a first capacitance are disposed between a coupling port  434 - 1  (or a connection port, a detection port, or a signal detection port) and a terminal port  441 - 1 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  4 A through  4 D , at least a portion of the coupler  400  may have a form, in which it is embedded in the printed circuit board (e.g., the printed circuit board  340  of  FIG.  2   ). An aspect that the coupler  400  is embedded in the printed circuit board may include a concept that at least some of the components included in the coupler  400  constitute at least a portion of the printed circuit board PCB. Furthermore, an aspect that the coupler  400  is embedded in the printed circuit board, as another example, may include a concept that the printed circuit board has a function of the coupler  400 .  FIGS.  4 A through  4 D  are views illustrating only a part of the printed circuit board, in which the coupler  400  is included, and in which other parts are omitted. 
     The printed circuit board, in which the coupler  400  is embedded, for example, may include a first layer  410 , a second layer  420 , a third layer  430 , and/or a fourth layer  440 . According to an embodiment, the coupler  400  embedded in the printed circuit board  340  may have the illustrated shape while being formed in at least a partial area of the printed circuit board  340 , but the shapes of the layers  410 ,  420 ,  430 , and  440  included in the coupler  400  are not limited to specific shapes (e.g., a four-sided shape) as illustrated. For example, areas (e.g.,  411 ,  421 ,  431 , and  441 ) of the printed circuit board  340 , which define the coupler  400 , may not have the illustrated outer shapes but may have various shapes. According to various embodiments, it is illustrated in the illustrated drawings that the overall sizes and overall shapes of the layers  410 ,  420 ,  430 , and  440  of the coupler  400  are the same or similar, but at least portions of the layers  410 ,  420 ,  430 , and  440 , for example, at least portions of the overall sizes and shapes of the conductive parts may be formed differently. 
     In some embodiments, the first layer  410  may include at least conductive part. For example, the first layer  410  may include the first conductive part  411 , a first opening  413 , and/or a first conductive flat plate  412 _ 3 , which are formed of a conductor (or a conductive member). 
     In some embodiments, the first conductive part  411  may have a polygonal (e.g., a four-sided) (or elliptical) shape that surrounds the first opening  413  formed on an inner side thereof when viewed in the z axis direction. One or more conductive via holes  412   1  and  412   3  for electrical connection to another layer (e.g., the second layer  420 ) may be formed in the first conductive part  411 . According to an embodiment, at least one first opening  413  (or a fill-cut section) may be formed in the first layer  410 . An insulator may be filled in the at least one first opening  413 . 
     In some embodiments, the first conductive flat plate  412 _ 3  may be disposed at at least a portion of an area of the first opening  413  inside the first conductive part  411 . The first conductive flat plate  412 _ 3 , for example, may include a first via hole  412 _ 3   a  for electrical connection to the conductive flat plates  422 _ 3  and  432 _ 3  formed in another layer (e.g., the second layer  420  of the third layer  430 ), a first hole periphery part  412 _ 3   b  that defines the first via hole  412 _ 3   a , and a first extension part  412 _ 3   c  that extends from the first hole periphery part  412 _ 3   a  while having a specific width in one direction (e.g., the x axis direction). The first via hole  412 _ 3   b , for example, may have a polygonal or circular hole shape that passes in the negative z axis direction (or the vertical direction) in the z axis. The first hole periphery part  412 _ 3   a  may have a structure that has the first via hole  412 _ 3   b  in an interior thereof. The first hole periphery part  412 _ 3   a  is not limited to the illustrated shape, but for example, may have a ring shape. The first conductive flat plate  412 _ 3  may be electrically isolated from the first conductive part  411  by at least a portion of the first opening  413 . At least a portion of a conductive part (e.g., the first conductive part  411  or the first conductive flat plate  412 _ 3 ) included in the above-described first layer  410  may be coupled to at least a portion of a conductive part (e.g., the third conductive part  431  and a first conductive pattern  434  connected to a coupling port  434 _ 1 ) of the third layer  430 . For example, at least a portion of the first conductive flat plate  412 _ 3  of the first layer  410  and the first conductive pattern  434  of the third layer  430  may be coupled to a first RF signal transmission line  424  formed in the second layer  420 . In some embodiments, the first conductive flat plate  412 _ 3  may enhance a stability of coupling of the first conductive pattern  434  of the third layer  430  and the first RF signal transmission line  424 . For example, at least a portion of the first extension part  412 _ 3   c  may be similar to a conductive plate included in a capacitor. 
     In some embodiments, the second layer  420  may be disposed to be adjacent to a lower side of the first layer  410  with respect to the first direction (e.g., a direction that faces the z axis of  FIG.  4 B ). The second layer  420 , for example, may include the second conductive part  421 , a second opening  423 , the first RF signal transmission line  424 , or the second conductive flat plate  422 _ 3 , which are formed of a conductor. 
     In some embodiments, the second conductive part  421  may be formed to surround the second opening  423  similarly to the first conductive part  411 . At least one conductive via hole  422 _ 1  and  422 _ 2  that is used for electrical connection to another layer (e.g., the first layer  410  and/or the fourth layer  440 ) may be formed in the second conductive part  421 . The second opening  423  may be a specific space of the second conductive part  421 . An insulator may be disposed at at least a portion of the second opening  423 . The first RF signal transmission line  424  and the second conductive flat plate  422 _ 3 , for example, may be disposed in the second opening  423 . 
     In some embodiments, the second conductive flat plate  422 _ 3  may be electrically isolated from the first RF signal transmission line  424  and the second conductive part  421  by at least a portion of the second opening  423 . For example, the first RF signal transmission line  424  may be disposed on one side of an interior of the second opening  423 . The first RF signal transmission line  424 , for example, may include a first line port  424 _ 1 , a second line port  424 _ 2 , and a first transmission line  424 _ 3  that connects the first line port  424 _ 1  and the second line port  424 _ 2 . The first line port  424 _ 1  may be used as an input port, to which a signal of the transceiver  221  is input, and the second line port  424 _ 2  may be used as an output port, from which a signal of the transceiver  221  is output. The first transmission line  424 _ 3  may have a length for coupling of the coupler  400 , and thus damping of the RF signal may be decreased. As another example, a length of the first transmission line  424 _ 3  may be designed according to a frequency band that is targeted by the coupler  400 . In some embodiments, the first transmission line  424 _ 3  may include at least one curved part (or a plurality of inflection points) to have a specific length in relation to transmission of the signal of the first frequency band. For example, the first transmission line  424 _ 3  may include a plurality of convexo-concaves while extending from a portion that is adjacent to one side (e.g., a periphery in the negative x axis) of the second conductive part  421  to a portion that is adjacent to an opposite side (e.g., a periphery in they axis). In some embodiments, the coupler  400  may further include at least one via hole or an additional wiring line in relation to connections between the first line port  424 _ 1  and the second line port  424 _ 2 , and the transceiver  221  and the antenna  210 . 
     In some embodiments, the second conductive flat plate  422 _ 3  may be electrically connected to the first conductive flat plate  412 _ 3  disposed in the first layer  410  and the third conductive flat plate  432 _ 3  disposed in the third layer  430 . In an embodiment, the second conductive flat plate  422 _ 3  may include a second via hole  422 _ 3   b  and/or a second hole periphery part  422 _ 3   a  that defines the second via hole  422 _ 3   b . The second via hole  422 _ 3   b , for example, may have a shape that is the same as or similar to that of the first via hole  412 _ 3   b . The second hole periphery part  422 _ 3   a  may have a shape that is the same or similar to that of the first hole periphery part  412 _ 3   a . The second conductive flat plate  422 _ 3  may be disposed to be spaced apart from the first conductive flat plate  412 _ 3  by a specific interval in the z axis direction. An insulating material or an insulating member may be disposed between the second conductive flat plate  422 _ 3  and the first conductive flat plate  412 _ 3 . The coupler  400  may further include a conductive member that connects the second via hole  422   3   b  of the second conductive flat plate  422 _ 3  and the first via hole  412 _ 3   b  of the first conductive flat plate  412 _ 3 . 
     In some embodiments, the third layer  430  may be disposed (e.g., disposed on a lower side of the second layer  420 ) to be adjacent to the second layer  420  with respect to the first direction (e.g., a direction that faces the z axis). The third layer  430 , for example, may include the third conductive part  431 , a third opening  433  (or a fill-cut area), the third conductive flat plate  432 _ 3 , or the first conductive pattern  434 , which are formed of a conductor. 
     In some embodiments, the third conductive part  431  may be formed to surround the third opening  433  similarly to the first conductive part  411  or the second conductive part  421 . One or more conductive via holes  432 _ 1  and  432 _ 2  used for electrical connection to another layer (e.g., the second layer  420 ) may be formed in the third conductive part  431 . At least one conductive via hole  432 _ 5  (e.g., a laser via hole) used for electrical connection to another layer (e.g., the fourth layer  440 ) may be formed in the third conductive part  431 . A first opening area  431 a may be formed in the third conductive part  431 . The coupling port  434 _ 1  that extends from the first conductive pattern  434  may be formed in the first opening area  431   a . The third opening  433  may be connected to the first opening area  431   a . For example, the third opening  433  may include the first opening area  431   a.    
     In some embodiments, the third opening  433  may be formed as a specific space inside the third conductive part  431 . An insulator may be disposed at at least a portion of the third opening  433 . The third conductive flat plate  432 _ 3  and the first conductive pattern  434  may be disposed in the third opening  433 . The third conductive flat plate  432 _ 3  and the first conductive pattern  434  may be electrically isolated from the third conductive part  431  through at least a portion of the third opening  433 . 
     In some embodiments, the third conductive flat plate  432 _ 3  may be electrically connected to the second conductive flat plate  422 _ 3  disposed in the second layer  420 . The third conductive flat plate  432 _ 3  may include a third via hole  432 _ 3   b , a third hole periphery part  432 _ 3   a , or a second extension part  432 _ 3   c  connected to the first conductive pattern  434 . The third via hole  432 _ 3   b , for example, may have a shape that is the same as or similar to that of the first via hole  412 _ 3   b  or the second via hole  422 _ 3   b . The third hole periphery part  432 _ 3   a  may have a shape that is the same or similar to that of the first hole periphery part  412 _ 3   a  or the second hole periphery part  322 _ 3   a . The second extension part  432 _ 3   c  may extend from one side of the third hole periphery part  432 _ 3   a  while having a specific surface, for example, in the y axis direction. The second extension part  432 _ 3   c , for example, may have a form, in which an area thereof becomes gradually larger as it becomes farther from the third hole periphery part  432 _ 3   a . The third conductive flat plate  432 _ 3  may be disposed to be spaced apart from the second conductive flat plate  422 _ 3  by a specific interval in the z axis direction. An insulating material or an insulating member may be disposed between the third conductive flat plate  432 _ 3  and the second conductive flat plate  422 _ 3 . The third conductive flat plate  432 _ 3  may be electrically connected to the second conductive flat plate  422 _ 3  through the third via hole  432 _ 3   b and the second via hole  422 _ 3   b . The coupler  400  may further include a conductive member that connects the third via hole  432 _ 3   b  of the third conductive flat plate  432 _ 3  and the second via hole  422 _ 3   b  of the second conductive flat plate  422 _ 3 . 
     In some embodiments, the third conductive flat plate  432 _ 3  may be electrically connected to the first conductive pattern  434 . The first conductive pattern  434  may be electrically connected to the third conductive flat plate  432 _ 3 , and include a first pattern via hole  432 _ 4  used for electrical connection to a first coiling portion  434   a  (or the first conductive line or the first inductor line), a second coiling portion  434   b  (or the second conductive line or the second inductor line), or the second conductive pattern  434  disposed in the fourth layer  440 . At least a portion of the first conductive pattern  434  may function as an embedded inductor. At least a portion of the first conductive pattern  434  may be electrically connected to the first conductive flat plate  432 _ 3  of the first layer  410  through a via hole (e.g., the first via hole  412 _ 3   b  or the third via hole  432   3   b ), and may implement a coupling operation for the first RF signal transmission line  424  through the first coiling portion  434   a  or the second coiling portion  434   b . The first coiling portion  434   a , for example, may have a shape (or a line having at least one inflection point, a line, at least a portion of which includes a curve, or a line, at least a portion of which has a corner due to bending), one side of which is connected to one side of the second extension part  432 _ 3   c  of the third conductive flat plate  432 _ 3  and which is coiled by at least one turn. The first pattern via hole  432 _ 4  may be disposed on an opposite side of the first coiling portion  434   a . The second coiling portion  434   b  may be electrically connected to an opposite side (e.g., a portion that is adjacent to a portion, to which one side of the first coiling portion  434   a  is connected) of the second extension part  432 _ 3   c , and may have a line having at least one inflection point, a line, at least a portion of which has a curved shape, a line including at least one corner according at least one bending, or a shape having at least one turn and coiled in a direction that is substantially the same as that of the first coiling portion  434   a . For example, the second coiling portion  434   b  may be disposed to surround at least a portion of an outskirt of the first coiling portion  434   a . For example, the first coiling portion  434   a  may have turns, the number of which is larger than that of the second coiling portion  434   b . One end (an end of a periphery of a wiring line disposed in the negative y axis direction) of the second coiling portion  434   b  may be connected to coupling port  434 - 1 . In an embodiment, a first adhesion member  435  may be disposed between the coupling port  434 _ 1  and the third conductive part  431  to prevent movement of the coupling port  434 _ 1 . 
     In some embodiments, the fourth layer  440  may be disposed (e.g., disposed on a lower side of the third layer  430 ) to be adjacent to the third layer  430  with respect to the first direction (e.g., a direction that faces the z axis direction), and may include a fourth conductive part  441 , a fourth opening  443  (or a fill-cut area), or a second conductive pattern  444  (or a conductive line). 
     In some embodiments, the fourth conductive part  441  may include at least one via hole  442 _ 5  (e.g., a laser via) used for electrical connection to the third conductive part  431  of the third layer  430 , and may include at least one via hole  442 _ 6  (e.g., a laser via) used for electrical connection to another layer (e.g., a ground layer) of the printed circuit board  340  or other configurations mounted on the printed circuit board  340 . The fourth conductive part  441  may be disposed to surround at least a portion of the fourth opening  443 . A second opening area  441   a  included in the fourth opening  443  may be formed on one side (e.g., one side of a periphery in the negative y axis) of the fourth conductive part  441 . The fourth opening  443  may be formed on one area of the fourth conductive part  441 , and an interior thereof may be empty. An insulator may be disposed at at least a portion of the fourth opening  443 . The second conductive pattern  444  may be disposed in the fourth opening  443 . The second conductive pattern  444  may be electrically isolated from the fourth conductive part  441  through at least a portion of the fourth opening  443 . A size of the fourth conductive part  441  may be larger than that of an area of the fourth opening  443 . A second pattern via hole  442 _ 4  used for electrical connection to the first pattern via hole  432 _ 4  formed in the third layer  430  may be formed on one side of the second conductive pattern  444 . The second conductive pattern  444  may include a conductive line, a starting point of which is the second pattern via hole  442 _ 4  and which extends to a periphery (e.g., a periphery in the negative y axis direction) of one side of the fourth conductive part  441 . 
     In some embodiments, a terminal port  441 _ 1  may be disposed at an end of the second conductive pattern  444  in the negative y axis direction. In an embodiment, another coupler or a terminal resistor (e.g., 50 Ohm) may be connected to the terminal port  441 _ 1 . The terminal resistor, for example, may be disposed in another area of the printed circuit board  340 , which is adjacent to the coupler  400 . The fourth layer  440  is a layer for securing isolation, and may be used for connecting the terminal port  441 _ 1  to another coupler or a terminal resistor. A second adhesion member  445  may be disposed between the terminal port  441 _ 1  and the fourth conductive part  441  to prevent movement of the terminal port  441 _ 1 . 
     In some embodiments, although not illustrated, an insulator may be disposed at at least a portion between the first to fourth layers  410  to  440 . For example, in the coupler  400 , a film having a high permittivity may be disposed between the first RF signal transmission line  424  and the first conductive flat plate  412 _ 3  or between the first RF signal transmission line  424  and the third conductive flat plate  432 _ 3  to secure a specific capacitance. The first opening  413  formed in the first layer  410  may be provided as a means for changing isolation characteristics when the first layer  410 , the second layer  420 , and/or the third layer  430  implements a capacitor. It may be advantageous to form the first opening  413  in the first layer  410  for adjustment of isolation as compared with an embodiment, in which the first opening  413  is not formed. 
     In some embodiments, at least some of the first opening  413 , the second opening  423 , the third opening  433 , and the fourth opening  443  may overlap each other while maintaining a specific interval in the z axis direction. When viewed in the z axis direction, the first conductive flat plate  432 _ 3 , the second conductive flat plate  422 _ 3 , and the third conductive flat plate  432 _ 3  may at least partially overlap each other. When viewed in the z axis direction, the first RF signal transmission line  424  and the first conductive flat plate  412 _ 3  may at least partially overlap each other. When viewed in the z axis direction, the first RF signal transmission line  424  and the first conductive pattern  434  may at least partially overlap each other. When viewed in the z axis direction, the first RF signal transmission line  424  and the third conductive flat plate  432 _ 3  may at least partially overlap each other. 
     Referring to  FIG.  4 C , in the coupler  400  of the disclosure, at least one inductance may be formed between the first line port  424 _ 1  and the second line port  424 _ 2  corresponding to opposite ends of the first RF signal transmission line  424 , and at least one inductance and at least one capacitance may be formed between the coupling port  434 _ 1  and the terminal port  441 _ 1 . In the coupler  400  according to an embodiment of the disclosure, a capacitance may be formed between at least a portion (e.g., the first extension part  412 _ 3   c ) of the first conductive flat plate  432 _ 3  of the first layer  410  and the first RF signal transmission line  424  and an inductance and a capacitance may be formed between the coupling port  434 _ 1  and the terminal port  441 _ 1  by the third conductive flat plate  432 _ 3  and the first conductive pattern  434  of the third layer  430 , between the first line port  424 _ 1  and the second line port  424 _ 2  to secure a specific coupling efficiency. The coupler  400  according to various embodiments of the disclosure, which has been described above, may be embedded in the printed circuit board  340  to enhance a spatial efficiency of the electronic device  200 . Further, the coupler  400  having specific isolation characteristics in a state, it is embedded in the printed circuit board  340 , may be provided. 
     Although it has been exemplified in the above description that the second layer  420  is disposed on a lower side of the first layer  410 , the third layer  430  is disposed on a lower side of the second layer  420 , and the fourth layer  440  is disposed on a lower side of the third layer  430 , the embodiments of the disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the coupler  400  may have a structure, in which the third layer  430  is disposed on a lower side of the fourth layer  440 , the second layer  420  may be disposed on a lower side of the third layer  430 , and the first layer  410  is disposed on a lower side of the second layer  420 . 
       FIGS.  5 A,  5 B, and  5 C  are views illustrating structures of layers of a coupler  500  embedded in a printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the disclosure.  FIG.  5 A  is a view illustrating front surfaces (e.g., a surface that faces the z axis direction) of the layers.  FIG.  5 B  illustrates a perspective view of a state, in which the layers illustrated as seen in  FIG.  5 A  are coupled to each other.  FIG.  5 C  is a view illustrating an equivalent circuit of that which is seen in  FIG.  5 B .  FIG.  5 D  illustrates an exploded perspective view of the coupler  500  embedded in the printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Referring to  FIG.  5 C , the coupler  500  may have a circuitry structure, in which at least one inductor having an inductance of a first magnitude is disposed between a third line port  524 - 1  and a fourth line port  524 - 2  and at least one inductor having a second inductance and at least one capacitor having a first capacitance are disposed between a coupling port  534 - 1  and a terminal port  541 - 1 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  5 A through  5 D , at least a portion of the coupler  500  may have a form, in which it is embedded in the printed circuit board (e.g., the printed circuit board  340  of  FIG.  2   ). The board, in which the coupler  500  is embedded, may be a printed circuit board, for example, a board including a first layer  510 , a second layer  520 , a third layer  530 , and/or a fourth layer  540 . In some embodiments, overall shapes or sizes of the layers  510 ,  520 ,  530 , and  540  (or the conductive parts of the layers) included in the coupler  500  formed in the printed circuit board are not limited to the shapes of the illustrated drawings, and at least some of the shapes and sizes of the conductive parts of the at least some of the layers  510 ,  520 ,  530 , and  540  may be different. 
     In some embodiments, the first layer  510  may have a configuration and a shape that are the same as or similar to those of the first layer  410  described above in  FIGS.  4 A through  4 D . For example, the first layer  510  (e.g., the first layer  410  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ) may include a first conductive part  511  (e.g., the first conductive part  411  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ) formed of a conductive material or a conductive member, a first opening  513  (e.g., the first opening  413  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ), which passes in the z axis direction in one area of the first conductive part  511  and at least a portion of which may be filled with an insulator, and a first conductive flat plate  512 _ 3  (e.g., the first conductive flat plate  412 _ 3 ) disposed in the first opening  513  and electrically isolated from the first conductive part  511 . The first conductive part  511  may include at least one via hole  512 _ 1  and  512 _ 2 . The first conductive flat plate  512 _ 3  may include a first via hole  512 _ 3   b  (e.g., the first layer  412 _ 3   b  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ), a first hole periphery part  512   3   a  (e.g., the first hole periphery part  412 _ 3   a  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ), and/or a first extension part  512   3   c  (e.g., the first extension part  412 _ 3   c  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ). 
     In some embodiments, the second layer  520  may have a configuration and a shape that are the same as or similar to those of the second layer  420  described above in  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D , except to an RF signal transmission line. For example, the second layer  520  (e.g., the second layer  420  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ) may include a second conductive part  521  (e.g., the second conductive part  421  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ) formed of a conductor, a second opening  523  (e.g., the second opening  423  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ) formed inside the second conductive part  521  and filled with an insulating material, a second RF signal transmission line  524  disposed in the second opening  523 , or a second conductive flat plate  522 _ 3  (e.g., the second conductive flat plate  422 _ 3  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ) disposed in the second opening  523  and electrically isolated from the second conductive part  521  and the second RF signal transmission line  524 . A second via hole  552 _ 3   b  may be formed on one side of the second conductive flat plate  522 _ 3 . The second conductive part  521  may include at least one via hole  522 _ 1  and  522   2  used for electrical connection to the first conductive part  511 . 
     In some embodiments, the second RF signal transmission line  524 , for example, may include a line of a specific width and a specific length, which is disposed inside the second opening  523  and extends from a periphery of the second opening  523  in the x axis to a periphery thereof in the negative x axis. The second RF signal transmission line  524 , for example, may have a length for transmitting a signal of a specific second frequency band. According to an embodiment, the second RF signal transmission line  524  may be used to transmit a signal of a high frequency band as compared with the first RF signal transmission line  424  described above in  FIG.  4 A . For example, the second RF signal transmission line  524  may have a length that is suitable for transmitting a signal of a middle frequency band, a high frequency band, or a sub6 frequency band (e.g., about 1.8 GHz to about 3.5 GHz) that is higher than that of a signal of a low frequency band (about 0.60 GHz to about 1 GHz) transmitted through the first RF signal transmission line  424  described in  FIGS.  4 A to  4 C . In some embodiments, the length of the second RF signal transmission line  524  may be smaller than the length of the first RF signal transmission line  424  described in  FIGS.  4 A to  4 C . The second RF signal transmission line  524 , for example, may include a third line port  524 _ 1 , the fourth line port  524 _ 2 , and a line that connects the third line port  524 _ 1  and the fourth line port  524 _ 2 . The third line port  524 _ 1  may function as an input port, to which a signal of a specific frequency band is input, and the fourth line port  524 _ 2  may function as an output port, from which a signal of a specific frequency band is output. At least a portion of the second RF signal transmission line  524  may be coupled to the first conductive flat plate  512 _ 3  disposed in the first layer  510  and a third conductive flat plate  532 _ 3  disposed in the third layer  530 , and/or a first conductive pattern  534 . 
     In some embodiments, the third layer  530  may have a configuration and a shape that are the same as or similar to those of the third layer  430  described above in  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D . For example, the third layer  530  (e.g., the third layer  430  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ) may include a third conductive part  531  (e.g., the third conductive part  431  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ) formed of a conductive material or a conductor, a third opening  533  (or a fill-cut area) (e.g., the third opening  433  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ), the third conductive flat plate  532 _ 3  (e.g., the third conductive flat plate  432 _ 3  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ), and the first conductive pattern  534  (e.g., the first conductive pattern  432 _ 3  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ). The third conductive part  531  may include at least one via hole  532 _ 1  and  532 _ 2  used for electrical connection to the second conductive part  521 . According to various embodiments, the third conductive part  531  may include at least one via hole  532 _ 5 A used for electrical connection to a fourth conductive part  541  of the fourth layer  540 . The third opening  533  may include a first opening area  531   a . The third opening  533  may be formed at at least a portion of an inside or the third conductive part  531 , and may be filled with an insulating material. The third conductive flat plate  532 _ 3  and the first conductive pattern  534 , which are electrically isolated from the third conductive part  531 , may be disposed inside the third opening  533 . The third conductive flat plate  532 _ 3  and the first conductive pattern  534  may be electrically connected to each other. The first conductive pattern  534  may include at least one coiling portion  534   a  and  534   b  (or at least one conductive line or at least one inductor line) (e.g., the coiling portions  434   a  and  434   b  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ), and a first pattern via hole  532   4  used for electrical connection to a second pattern via hole  542   4  of the fourth layer  540  may be formed on one side of the coiling portion  534   a  and  534   b . One end (e.g., an end of the first conductive pattern  534  disposed in the first opening area  531 a) of the first conductive pattern  534  may be used as a coupling port  534 _ 1 . In an embodiment, a first adhesion member  535  of a nonconductive material may be disposed between at least a portion of the coupling port  534 _ 1  and the third conductive part  531  to fix the coupling port  534 _ 1 . 
     In some embodiments, the fourth layer  540  may have a configuration and a shape that are the same as or similar to those of the fourth layer  440  described above in  FIGS.  4 A through  4 D . For example, the fourth layer  540  (e.g., the fourth layer  440  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ) may be disposed (disposed on a lower side of the third layer  530 ) to be adjacent to the third layer  530 , and may include the fourth conductive part  541  (e.g., the fourth conductive part  441  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ), a fourth opening  543  (or a fill-cut area) (e.g., the fourth opening  443  of  FIG.  4   ), or a second conductive pattern  544  (a conductive line) (e.g., the second conductive pattern  444  of  FIG.  4   ). The fourth conductive part  541  may include at least one via hole  542 _ 5  used for electrical connection to the third conductive part  531  of the third layer  530 , and may include at least one via hole  542 _ 6  used for electrical connection to another layer (e.g., a ground layer) of the printed circuit board  340  or other configurations mounted on the printed circuit board  340 . The fourth opening  543  may include a second opening area  541   a , and a terminal port  544 _ 1  formed at an end of one side of the second conductive pattern  544  may be disposed in the second opening area  541   a . A second adhesion member  545  of a nonconductive material may be disposed between at least a portion of the terminal port  541 _ 1  and the fourth conductive part  541 . A second pattern via hole  542   4  used for electrical connection to the first conductive pattern  534  disposed in the third layer  530  may be formed at an end of one side of the second conductive pattern  544  disposed inside the fourth opening  543 . 
     In the coupler  500  of the above-described structure, at least a portion of a signal transmitted through the second RF signal transmission line  524  may be induced and be transmitted to the transceiver  221  through the coupling port  534 _ 1  of the first conductive pattern  534  while the first conductive flat plate  512 _ 3  and the third conductive flat plate  532 _ 3 , and the first conductive pattern  534  spaced part from the second RF signal transmission line  524  by a specific interval are coupled to the second RF signal transmission line  524 . 
       FIGS.  6 A,  6 B, and  6 C  are views illustrating structures of layers of a coupler  600  embedded in a printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the disclosure.  FIG.  6 A  is a view illustrating front surfaces (e.g., a surface that faces the z axis direction) of the layers.  FIG.  6 B  illustrates a perspective view of a state, in which the layers illustrated as seen in  FIG.  6 A  are coupled to each other.  FIG.  6 C  is a view illustrating an equivalent circuit of that which is seen in  FIG.  6 B .  FIG.  6 D  illustrates an exploded perspective view of the coupler  600  embedded in the printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Referring to  FIG.  6 C , the coupler  600  may have a circuitry structure, in which at least one inductor having an inductance of a first magnitude is disposed between a first line port  624 - 1  and a second line port  624 - 2 , at least one inductor having an inductance of a second magnitude is disposed between the third line port  625 _ 1  and the fourth line port  625 _ 2 , and at least one inductor having a second inductance and at least one capacitor having a first capacitance are disposed between a coupling port  634 - 1  and a terminal port  625 - 1 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  6 A to  6 D , at least a portion of the coupler  600  may have a form, in which it is embedded in the printed circuit board (e.g., the printed circuit board  340  of  FIG.  2   ). The printed circuit board, in which the coupler  600  is embedded, for example, may include a first layer  610 , a second layer  620 , a third layer  630 , and/or a fourth layer  640 . In some embodiments, overall shapes or sizes of the layers  610 ,  620 ,  630 , and  640  (or the conductive parts of the layers) included in the coupler  600  formed in the printed circuit board are not limited to the shapes of the illustrated drawings, and at least some of the shapes and sizes of the conductive parts of the at least some of the layers  610 ,  620 ,  630 , and  640  may be different. 
     In some embodiments, the first layer  610  may have a configuration and a shape that are the same as or similar to those of the first layer  410  described above in  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D . For example, the first layer  610  (e.g., the first layer  410  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ) may include a first conductive part  611  (e.g., the first conductive part  411  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ) formed of a conductive material or a conductive member, a first opening  613  (e.g., the first opening  413  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ), which passes in the z axis direction in the first conductive part  611  and at least a portion of which may be filled with an insulating material, and a first conductive flat plate  612   3  (e.g., the first conductive flat plate  412   3 ) disposed in the first opening  613  and electrically isolated from the first conductive part  611 . The first conductive part  611  may include at least one via hole  612   1  and  612   2 . 
     In some embodiments, the second layer  620  may have a configuration and a shape that are the same as or similar to those of the second layer  420  described above in  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D , except to an RF signal transmission line. For example, the second layer  620  (e.g., the second layer  420  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ) may include a second conductive part  621  (e.g., the second conductive part  421  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ) formed of a conductor, a second opening  623  (e.g., the second opening  423  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ), which is formed in the second conductive part  621  and at least a portion of which is filled with an insulating material, a first RF signal transmission line  624  and a second RF signal transmission line  625  disposed in the second opening  623 , or a second conductive flat plate  622 _ 3  (e.g., the second conductive flat plate  422 _ 3  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ) disposed in the second opening  623  and electrically isolated from the second conductive part  621 , the first RF signal transmission line  624 , and the second RF signal transmission line  625 . The second conductive part  621  may include at least one via hole  622 _ 1  and  622 _ 2  used for electrical connection to the first conductive part  611 . 
     In some embodiments, the first RF signal transmission line  624  may have a shape that is substantially the same as that of the first RF signal transmission line  424  described above in  FIGS.  4 A and  4 B . For example, the first RF signal transmission line  624  may be disposed in the second opening  623 , and may include a line that has a specific width and a specific length while extending from a periphery in the x axis to a periphery in the y axis of the second opening  623 . For example, the first RF signal transmission line  624  may have a length for transmitting a signal of a specific first frequency band (e.g., a low frequency band (0.69 GHz to 1 GHz)). At least a portion of the first RF signal transmission line  624  may have a convexo-concave shape (or a convex-concave portion) to transmit the signal of the first frequency band. The first RF signal transmission line  624 , for example, may include a first line port  624 _ 1 , a second line port  624 _ 2 , and a line that connects the first line port  624 _ 1  and the second line port  624 _ 2 . 
     In some embodiments, the second RF signal transmission line  625  may have a shape that is substantially the same as that of the second RF signal transmission line  524  described above in  FIGS.  5 A through  5 D . The second RF signal transmission line  625  may be disposed in the second opening  623  to be electrically isolated from the first RF signal transmission line  624 , and may include a line that has a specific width and a specific length while extending from a periphery in the x axis and a periphery in the negative x axis of the second opening  623 . The second RF signal transmission line  625  may have a length for transmitting a signal of a second frequency band (e.g., a middle frequency band, a high frequency band, or a sub6 frequency band (e.g., 1.8 to 3.5 GHz) that is higher than that of a signal of the first frequency band. According to an embodiment, the length of the second RF signal transmission line  625  may be smaller than the length of the first RF signal transmission line  624 . The second RF signal transmission line  625 , for example, may include a third line port  625 _ 1 , a fourth line port  625 _ 2 , and a line that connects the third line port  625 _ 1  and the fourth line port  625 _ 2 . 
     In some embodiments, the third layer  630  may have a configuration and a shape that are the same as or similar to those of the third layer  430  described above in  FIGS.  4 A through  4 D . The third layer  630 , for example, may include a third conductive part  631 , a third opening  633  (or a fill-cut area), a third conductive flat plate  632 _ 3 , or a first conductive pattern  634 , which are formed of a conductive material or a conductor. The third conductive part  631  may include at least one via hole  632 _ 1  and  632   2  used for electrical connection to the second conductive part  621 . According to various embodiments, the third conductive part  631  may include at least one via hole  632 _ 5  used for electrical connection to a fourth conductive part  641  of the fourth layer  640 . The third opening  633  may include a first opening area  631   a . The third conductive flat plate  632 _ 3  may be electrically connected to the first conductive pattern  634 , and the first conductive pattern  634  may include at least one coiling portion  634   a  and  634   b  (or at least one conductive liner or at least one inductor line). A first pattern via hole  632 _ 4  used for electrical connection to a second pattern via hole  642   4  of the fourth layer  640  may be formed on one side of the coiling portion. An end of one side of the first conductive pattern  634  may be used as a coupling port  634 _ 1 . In an embodiment, a first adhesion member  635  of a nonconductive material may be disposed between at least a portion of the coupling port  634 _ 1  and the third conductive part  631  to fix the coupling port  634 _ 1 . 
     In some embodiments, the fourth layer  640  may have a configuration and a shape that are the same as or similar to those of the fourth layer  440  described above in  FIGS.  4 A and  4 B . For example, the fourth layer  640  may be disposed (e.g., disposed on a lower side of the third layer  630 ) to be adjacent to the third layer  630 , and may include the fourth conductive part  641 , a fourth opening  643  (or a fill-cut area), and a second conductive pattern  644  (or a conductive line). In some embodiments, the fourth conductive part  641  may include at least one via hole  642 _ 5  used for electrical connection to the third conductive part  631  of the third layer  630 , and may include at least one via hole  642 _ 6  used for electrical connection to another layer (e.g., a ground layer) of the printed circuit board  340  or other configurations mounted on the printed circuit board  340 . The fourth opening  643  may include a second opening area  641   a . A terminal port  644 _ 1  formed at an end of one side of the second conductive pattern  644  may be disposed in the second opening area  641   a . A second adhesion member  645  of a nonconductive material may be disposed between at least a portion of the terminal port  641 _ 1  and the fourth conductive part  641 . A second pattern via hole  642   4  used for electrical connection to the first conductive pattern  634  disposed in the third layer  630  may be formed at an end of one side of the second conductive pattern  544  disposed inside the fourth opening  643 . 
     The coupler  600  may selectively determine a connection path of the transceiver  221  and the antenna  210  according to a frequency band, which is to be output by the transceiver  221  through the antenna  210 . For example, when the coupler  600  is used to couple a signal of a first frequency band, the first line port  624 _ 1  or the first RF signal transmission line  624  of the coupler  600  may be connected to the transceiver  221 , and the second line port  624 _ 2  may be connected to the antenna  210 . Furthermore, when the coupler  600  is used to couple a signal of a second frequency band, the third line port  625 _ 1  or the second RF signal transmission line  625  of the coupler  600  may be connected to the transceiver  221 , and the fourth line port  625 _ 2  may be connected to the antenna  210 . As described above, the coupler  600  helps any one of the first RF signal transmission line  624  or the second RF signal transmission line  625  to be selectively used according to a frequency band, to which a coupling operation is to be applied. 
       FIGS.  7 A to  7 C  are views illustrating structures of layers of a coupler  700  embedded in the printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the disclosure.  FIG.  7 A  is a view illustrating front surfaces (e.g., a surface that faces the z axis direction) of the layers included in the structure of the coupler  700 .  FIG.  7 B  illustrates a perspective view of a state, in which the layers illustrated as seen in  FIG.  7 A  are coupled to each other.  FIG.  7 C  is a view illustrating an equivalent circuit of that which is seen in  FIG.  7 B .  FIG.  7 D  illustrates an exploded perspective view of the coupler  700  embedded in the printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Referring to  FIG.  7 C , the coupler  700  may have a structure, in which at least one inductor having an inductance of a first magnitude is disposed between a first line port  724 _ 1  and a second line port  724 _ 2 , at least one inductor and at least one capacitor is disposed between a coupling port  734 _ 1  and a terminal port  741 _ 1 , and an adjusting capacitor  770  is additionally connected through a capacitor connecting port  714 _ 1  disposed between the coupling port  734 _ 1  and the terminal port  741 _ 1 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  7 A to  7 C , at least a portion of the coupler  700  may have a form, in which it is embedded in the printed circuit board (e.g., the printed circuit board  340  of  FIG.  2   ). An aspect that the coupler  700  is embedded in the printed circuit board may include a concept that at least some of the components included in the coupler  700  constitute at least a portion of the printed circuit board PCB. Furthermore, an aspect that the coupler  700  is embedded in the printed circuit board, as another example, may include a concept that the printed circuit board has a function of the coupler  700 . The printed circuit board, in which the coupler  700  is embedded, for example, may be a board including a first layer  710 , a second layer  720 , a third layer  730 , and/or a fourth layer  740 .  FIGS.  7 A to  7 D  are views illustrating only a part of the printed circuit board, in which the coupler  700  is included, and in which other parts are omitted. According to an embodiment, overall shapes or sizes of the layers  710 ,  720 ,  730 , and  740  (or the conductive parts of the layers) included in the coupler  700  mounted on the printed circuit board are not limited to the shapes of the illustrated drawings, and at least some of the shapes and sizes of the conductive parts of the at least some of the layers may be different. 
     In some embodiments, the first layer  710  may include a first conductive part  711  formed of a conductive material or a conductive member, a first opening  713 , which passes in the z axis direction on one side of the first conductive part  711  and at least a portion of which is filled with an insulating material, and a first conductive flat plate  712 _ 3  disposed in the first opening  713  and electrically isolated from the first conductive part  711 . The first conductive part  711  may include at least one via hole  712 _ 1  and  712 _ 2 . 
     In some embodiments, the first conductive flat plate  712 _ 3  may be disposed at at least a portion of an area of the first opening  713 . The first conductive flat plate  712 _ 3 , for example, may include a first via hole  712 _ 3   a  for electrical connection to the conductive flat plates  722   3  and  733   3  formed in another layer (e.g., the second layer  720  or the third layer  730 ), a first hole periphery part  712 _ 3   a  that defines the first via hole  712 _ 3   b , a first extension part  712 _ 3   c  that extends from the first hole periphery part  712 _ 3   a  while having a specific width in one direction (e.g., the x axis direction), and a second extension part  712 _ 3   d  that extends from the first extension part  712 _ 3   c  while having a specific area in the y axis direction. The second extension part  712 _ 3   d  has been distinguished from the first extension part  712 _ 3   c  to distinguish the first extension part  412 _ 3   c  in the description of the first conductive flat plate  412 _ 3  in  FIG.  4   , but the disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, it may be described that the first conductive flat plate  712 _ 3  has one extension part including the first extension part  712 _ 3   c  and the second extension part  712 _ 3   d  and the adjusting capacitor  770  is electrically connected to the one extension part. 
     In some embodiments, at least a portion of the first conductive flat plate  712 _ 3  included in the first layer  710  may be coupled to a RF signal transmission line  724  of the second layer  720 . When viewed in the z axis direction, at least a portion of the second extension part  712 _ 3   d  may overlap the RF signal transmission line disposed in the second layer  720 . In some embodiments, the first conductive flat plate  712 _ 3  may include the capacitor connecting port  714 _ 1  electrically connected to the adjusting capacitor  770  (e.g., a shut capacitor) separately provided for adjusting coupling. The capacitor connecting port  714 _ 1 , for example, may be at least one point of the second extension part  712 _ 3   d . The first conductive part  711  may include an area that is opened to an area that is adjacent to the capacitor connecting port  714 _ 1 . For example, the opened area may be included in the first opening  713 . 
     In some embodiments, the second layer  720  may be the same as or similar to the second layer  420  described above in  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D . For example, the second layer  720  (e.g., the second layer  420  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ) may include a second conductive part  721  (e.g., the second conductive part  421 ) formed of a conductor, a second opening  723  (e.g., the second opening  423  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ) formed inside the second conductive part  721  and filled with an insulating material, a first RF signal transmission line  724  (e.g., the first RF signal transmission line  424  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ) disposed in the second opening  723 , or a second conductive flat plate  722 _ 3  (e.g., the second conductive flat plate  422 _ 3  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ) disposed in the second opening  723  and electrically isolated from the second conductive part  721  and the first RF signal transmission line  724 . The second conductive part  721  may include at least one via hole  722 _ 1  and  722 _ 2  used for electrical connection to the first conductive part  711 . The first RF signal transmission line  724  (e.g., the first RF signal transmission line  424  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 C ) may include the first line port  724 _ 1  disposed on one side of a periphery of the second opening  723  in the negative x axis direction, and the second line port  724 _ 2  disposed on one side of a periphery thereof in the y axis direction. At least a portion of the second conductive part  721  in the y axis direction, for example, may be opened. At least a portion of the second conductive part  721  in the x axis direction, for example, may be opened. The first RF signal transmission line  724 , for example, may transmit the signal of the first frequency band. In an embodiment, the first RF signal transmission line  724  may have a shape that is substantially the same as that of the first RF signal transmission line  424  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 C . 
     In some embodiments, the second conductive flat plate  722 _ 3  may be electrically connected to the first conductive flat plate  712 _ 3  disposed in the first layer  710  and a third conductive flat plate  732 _ 3  disposed in the third layer  730 . For example, the second conductive flat plate  722 _ 3  may have a shape that is substantially the same as that of the second conductive flat plate  422 _ 3  of  FIG.  4 A . 
     In some embodiments, the third layer  730  may have a configuration and a shape that are the same as or similar to those of the third layer  430  described above in  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D . For example, the third layer  730  (e.g., the third layer  430  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ) may include a third conductive part  731  (e.g., the third conductive part  431  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ) formed of a conductive material or a conductor, a third opening  733  (or a fill-cut area) (e.g., the third opening  433  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ), the third conductive flat plate  732 _ 3  (e.g., the third conductive flat plate  432 _ 3  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ), or a first conductive pattern  734  (e.g., the first conductive pattern  434   FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ). The third conductive part  731  may include at least one via hole  732 _ 1  and  732 _ 2  used for electrical connection to the second conductive part  721 . In some embodiments, the third conductive part  731  may include at least one via hole  732 _ 4  used for electrical connection to a fourth conductive part  741  of the fourth layer  740 . The third opening  733  may include an opening area (e.g., an opening formed on one side of a periphery that faces the negative y axis direction of the third opening  733 ). The third conductive flat plate  732 _ 3  may be electrically connected to the first conductive pattern  734 . The first conductive pattern  734  may include at least one coiling portion. A first pattern via hole  732 _ 4  used for electrical connection to a second pattern via hole  742 _ 4  of the fourth layer  740  may be formed on one side of the coiling portion. The coupling port  734 _ 1  may be formed at an end of one side of the first conductive pattern  734 . The coupling port  734 _ 1  may be disposed in an opening area of the third opening  733 . 
     In some embodiments, the fourth layer  740  may have a configuration and a shape that are the same as or similar to those of the fourth layer  440  described above in  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D . For example, the fourth layer  740  (e.g., the fourth layer  440  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ) may be disposed (disposed on a lower side of the third layer  730 ) to be adjacent to the third layer  730 , and may include the fourth conductive part  741  (e.g., the fourth conductive part  441  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ), a fourth opening  743  (or a fill-cut area) (e.g., the fourth opening  443  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ), or a second conductive pattern  744  (a conductive line) (e.g., the second conductive pattern  444  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 D ). In some embodiments, the fourth conductive part  741  may include at least one via hole  742 _ 5  used for electrical connection to the third conductive part  731  of the third layer  730 , and may include at least one via hole  742 _ 6  used for electrical connection to another layer (e.g., a ground layer) of the printed circuit board  340  or other configurations mounted on the printed circuit board  340 . An opening area may be included on one side (e.g., a periphery in the negative y axis direction) of the fourth opening  743 , and a terminal port  744 _ 1  formed at an end of one side of the second conductive pattern  744  may be disposed in the opening area. The second pattern via hole  742 _ 4  used for electrical connection to the first conductive pattern  734  disposed in the third layer  730  may be formed at an end of one side of the second conductive pattern  744  disposed in the fourth opening  743 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  7 D , the coupler  700  may further include a fifth layer  750  and a sixth layer  760 , in addition to the first layer  710 , the second layer  720 , the third layer  730 , and the fourth layer  740 , for connection to the adjusting capacitor  770 . 
     In some embodiments, a partial structure of the first layer  710  may have a shape that is the same as that of the first layer described above in  FIG.  7 A . The first layer  710  may include a fourth conductive flat plate  712 _ 4  connected to the first extension part  712 _ 3   c  or the second extension part  712 _ 3   d  of the first conductive flat plate  712 _ 3 , and an opening  714 , in which the fourth conductive flat plate  712 _ 4  is disposed. The fourth conductive flat plate  712 _ 4  may include a fourth via hole  712   4   b  used for electrical connection to the via hole formed in the fifth layer  750 , or a fourth hole periphery part  712 _ 4   a  that defines the fourth via hole  712 _ 4   b . The fourth hole periphery part  712   4   a  may further include a wiring line for electrical connection to the first extension part  712 _ 3   c  or the second extension part  712 _ 3   d , together with a ring shape that defines the fourth via hole  712 _ 4   b . The first conductive part  711  that defines the first layer  710  may further include the opening  714 , in which the fourth conductive flat plate  712 _ 4  may be disposed. The opening  714  may be connected to the first opening  713 . The second to fourth layers  720 ,  730 , and  740  may have structures that are substantially the same or similar to those of the second to fourth layer described above in  FIGS.  7 A to  7 CC . 
     In some embodiments, the fifth layer  750  may include a fifth conductive part  751  formed of a conductor, a fifth opening  753 , a fifth conductive flat plate  752 _ 4 , or a sixth conductive flat plate  752 _ 5 . The fifth conductive part  751  may be disposed on an upper side of the first conductive part  711 , which faces the z axis direction. As another example, according to a change in the disposition sequence, the fifth conductive part  751  may be disposed on a lower side of the first conductive part  711 , which faces the negative z axis direction. The fifth opening  753  may be formed in the first conductive part  711 . At least a portion of the fifth opening  753  may include an insulating material or an insulating layer. When viewed in the z axis direction, at least a portion of the fifth opening  753  may be disposed to overlap the opening  714  formed in the first layer  710  while being spaced apart therefrom. 
     In some embodiments, the fifth conductive flat plate  752 _ 4  may be electrically isolated from the fifth conductive part  751  through at least a portion of the fifth opening  753 . The fifth conductive flat plate  752 _ 4  may include a fifth via hole  752 _ 4   b  used for electrical connection to the fourth via hole  712   4   b , a fifth hole periphery part  752 _ 4   a  that defines the fifth via hole  752 _ 4   b , a first capacitor via hole  752 _ 5   b  electrically connected to a capacitor connecting pad  762 _ 5  (e.g., electrically connected to the capacitor connecting port  714 _ 1 ) formed in the sixth layer  760 , a hole periphery part  752 _ 5   a  that forms the first capacitor via hole  752 _ 5   b , or a connection wiring line  752 _ 6  that connects the fifth hole periphery part  752 _ 4   a  and the hole periphery part  752 _ 5   a.    
     In some embodiments, the sixth layer  760  may include a sixth conductive part  761 , a sixth opening  763 , the capacitor connecting pad  762 _ 5 , or a second capacitor via hole  762 _ 5   b . The sixth conductive part  761  may be disposed on an upper side of the fifth conductive part  751  in the z axis direction or on a lower side thereof in the negative z axis direction. An insulating layer may be disposed between the sixth conductive part  761  and the fifth conductive part  751 . The sixth opening  763  may be formed in the sixth conductive part  761 . The sixth opening  763  may include an area that is opened in the z axis or negative z axis direction. The capacitor connecting pad  762 _ 5  may be disposed in the sixth opening  763 . When viewed in the z axis direction, at least a portion of the sixth opening  763  may be disposed to overlap the fifth opening  753  formed in the fifth layer  750 . 
     In some embodiments, the capacitor connecting pad  762 _ 5  may be disposed in the sixth opening  763 , and may be electrically isolated from the sixth conductive part  761  through the sixth opening  763 . The adjusting capacitor  770  or a wiring line electrically connected to the adjusting capacitor  770  may be connected to the capacitor connecting pad  762 _ 5 . The adjusting capacitor  770  may be disposed in a specific layer of the printed circuit board  340 , in which the coupler  700  is embedded. For example, the adjusting capacitor  770  may be disposed in a specific area of the sixth layer  760 , in which the first to fourth layers  710 ,  720 ,  730 , and  740  are disposed. The second capacitor via hole  762 _ 5   b  may be formed in the capacitor connecting pad  762 _ 5 . The second capacitor via hole  762 _ 5   b  may be disposed to pass in the z axis direction of the capacitor connecting pad  762 _ 5 . At least a portion of the second capacitor via hole  762 _ 5   b , for example, may be disposed to overlap the first capacitor via hole  752 _ 5   b  in the z axis direction. The coupler  700  may further include a conductive member for electrically connecting the first capacitor via hole  752 _ 5   b  and the second capacitor via hole  762   5   b.    
     Although it has been described in the above description with reference to the structure, in which the couplers  400 ,  500 ,  600 , and  700  include the first to fourth layers (e.g.,  710 ,  720 ,  730 , and  740  in the case of the coupler  700 ), various embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, the first layer may be excluded or the fourth layer may be excluded, and only two layers or three layers may be included in at least one of the above-described couplers  400 ,  500 ,  600 , and  700 . When the coupler is formed of two layers or three layers, the terminal port may be disposed in another area of the printed circuit board, in which the coupler is formed. 
     Although it has been described that the adjusting capacitor  770  is connected to the first conductive flat plate  712 _ 3 , the disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the adjusting capacitor  770  may be connected to at least one of the second conductive flat plate  722 _ 3  or the third conductive flat plate  732 _ 3 , which is electrically connected to the first conductive flat plate  712 _ 3 . As another example, a plurality of adjusting capacitors  770  may be included. For example, the plurality of adjusting capacitors  770  may be connected to the conductive flat plates  712 _ 3 ,  722 _ 3 , and  732 _ 3 . According to various embodiments, at least one adjusting capacitor  770  may be disposed to be connected to at least one of the conductive patterns  734  and  744 . Although the adjusting capacitor  770  may be disposed in a layer of the printed circuit board, which is the same as the layer, in which the conductive flat plate or the conductive pattern is disposed, various embodiments of the disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the adjusting capacitor  770  may be disposed in a layer that is different from the layer, in which the conductive flat plate or the conductive pattern is disposed, which is electrically connected thereto. For example, the adjusting capacitor  770  may be disposed on an outermost layer (e.g., an uppermost layer or a lowermost layer exposed to an outside) of the printed circuit board  340 , and may be electrically connected to the conductive flat plate through a via hole or a wiring line. 
       FIGS.  8 A to  8 C  are views illustrating structures of layers of a coupler  800  embedded in a printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the disclosure.  FIG.  8 A  is a view illustrating front surfaces (e.g., a surface that faces the z axis direction) of the layers included in the structure of the coupler  800 .  FIG.  8 B  illustrates a perspective view of a state, in which the layers illustrated as seen in  FIG.  8 A  are coupled to each other.  FIG.  8 C  is a view illustrating an equivalent circuit of that which is seen in  FIG.  8 B .  FIG.  8 D  illustrates an example of an exploded perspective view of the coupler  800  embedded in the printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Referring to  FIG.  8 C , the coupler  800  may have a structure, in which at least one inductor having an inductance of a first magnitude is disposed between a first line port  814 _ 1  and a second line port  814 _ 2 , at least one inductor having a second inductance and at least one capacitor having a first capacitance are disposed between a coupling port  824 _ 1  and a terminal port  834 _ 1 , and an adjusting capacitor  870  is connected through a capacitor connecting port  824 _ 2  between the coupling port  824 _ 1  and the terminal port  834 _ 1 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  8 A to  8 D , the printed circuit board, in which the coupler  800  is embedded, for example, may include a first layer  810 , a second layer  820 , and a third layer  830 . In some embodiments, overall shapes or sizes of the layers  810 ,  820 , and  830  (or the conductive parts of the layers) included in the coupler  800  mounted on the printed circuit board are not limited to the shapes of the illustrated drawings, and at least some of the shapes and sizes of the conductive parts of the at least some of the layers may be different. In some embodiments, although it is illustrated in the illustrated drawings that a first conductive part  811  is separated into two parts, the embodiments are not limited thereto, and the first conductive part  811  may have a form, in which at least a portion thereof is connected in an area of the printed circuit area, except for the illustrated area. 
     In some embodiments, the first layer  820  may be disposed on a lower side of the second layer  820  with respect to the first direction (e.g., a direction that faces the z axis of  FIG.  8 D ). According to various embodiments, the first layer  810 , for example, may include the first conductive part  811 , a first opening  813 , or a RF signal transmission line  814 . 
     In some embodiments, the first conductive part  811  may be formed to surround at least a portion of the first opening  813 . At least one conductive via hole  812 _ 1 ,  812 _ 2 , and  812 _ 3  used for electrical connection to another layer (e.g., the second layer  820 ) may be formed in the first conductive part  811 . For example, the first conductive part  811  may include a portion disposed at a periphery in the y axis direction and a portion of a periphery disposed in the negative x axis direction, and a portion disposed at a portion of a periphery in the negative x axis direction and a periphery in the negative y axis direction, with respect to the first opening  813 . At least a portion of the first opening  813  may extend in the x axis direction. In an embodiment, the via holes  812 _ 1  and  812 _ 2  may be disposed on one side of the first conductive part  811 , and the via hole  812 _ 3  may be disposed on an opposite side of the first conductive part  811 . 
     In some embodiments, an insulator may be disposed at at least a portion of the first opening  813 . The RF signal transmission line  814  may be disposed in the first opening  813 . The RF signal transmission line  814 , for example, may include the first line port  814 _ 1  disposed in an opening area formed on one side of the first conductive part  811 , the second line port  814 _ 2  disposed at a periphery of the first opening  813  in the x axis direction, and a line including the first line port  814 _ 1  and the second line port  814 _ 2 . 
     In some embodiments, the RF signal transmission line  814  may have a length, by which a signal (a signal of a sub6 frequency from a signal of a low frequency band) of a wide band or various frequency bands may be received. As another example, the length of the RF signal transmission line  814  may be determined based on a band of a frequency that is to be coupled. In an embodiment, at least a portion of the RF signal transmission line  814  may include a convexo-concave structure. An entire length of the RF signal transmission line  814 , for example, may be a length that is the same as or similar to that of the RF signal transmission line  424  described above in  FIGS.  4 A to  4 C . 
     In some embodiments, the second layer  820  may be disposed on the first layer  810  (e.g., disposed on a lower side or an upper side of the first layer  810 ) with respect to the first direction (e.g., a direction that faces the z axis). The second layer  820 , for example, may include a second conductive part  821 , a second opening  823  (or a fill-cut area), or the first conductive pattern  434 , which are formed of a conductor. 
     In some embodiments, the second conductive part  821  may have a shape, at least a portion of which is similar to that of the first conductive part  811 , and be formed to surround at least a portion of the second opening  823 . At least one conductive via hole  821 _ 1 ,  822 _ 2 , or  822 _ 3  that is used for electrical connection to another layer (e.g., the first layer  810  or the third layer  830 ) may be formed in the second conductive part  821 . The second opening  823  may extend in the x axis direction. The second opening  823  may be formed in the second conductive part  821 . An insulating material or an insulating layer may be disposed at least a portion of the second opening  823 . The first conductive pattern  824  may be disposed in the second opening  823 . The first conductive pattern  824  may be electrically isolated from the second conductive part  821  through at least a portion of the second opening  823 . 
     In some embodiments, the first conductive pattern  824  may be electrically connected to a second conductive pattern  834  disposed in the third layer  830 . In some embodiments, the first conductive pattern  824  may include a first pattern via hole  822 _ 4  used for a coiling portion or the second conductive pattern  834  formed at an end of one side of the coiling portion and disposed in the third layer  830 . At least a portion of the first conductive pattern  824  may function as an inductor. At least a portion of the first conductive pattern  824  may be coupled to the RF signal transmission line  814  of the first layer  810 . 
     In some embodiments, one side of the first conductive pattern  824  may be used as the capacitor connecting port  824 _ 2 . In some embodiments, the capacitor connecting port  824 _ 2  may be located at the coiling portion. For example, the capacitor connecting port  824 _ 2  may be located at a portion of the coiling portion, which is formed in a flat plate shape. The adjusting capacitor  870  may be electrically connected to the capacitor connecting port  824 _ 2 . 
     In some embodiments, the adjusting capacitor  870  may be disposed in a specific area of the printed circuit board  340 , in which the coupler  800  is embedded. At least one adjusting capacitor  870 , for example, may be disposed in at least one of the first to third layers  830 , in which the coupler  800  is disposed. As another example, the adjusting capacitor  870  may be disposed in another layer of the printed circuit board  340 , which is different from the layer, in which the coupler  800  is disposed. An end of one side of the coiling portion may be used as the coupling port  824 _ 1 . 
     In some embodiments, the third layer  830  may be disposed (e.g., disposed on a lower side or an upper side of the second layer  820 ) to be adjacent to the second layer  820  with respect to the first direction (e.g., a direction that faces the z axis direction), and may include a third conductive part  831 , a third opening  833  (or a fill-cut area), or the second conductive pattern  834  (or a conductive line). 
     In some embodiments, the third conductive part  831  may include at least one via hole  832 _ 1 ,  832 _ 2 , and  832 _ 3  used for electrical connection to the second conductive part  821  of the second layer  820 . The third conductive part  831  may be disposed to surround at least a portion of the third opening  833 . An insulating material or an insulating member may be disposed at least a portion of the third opening  833 . The second conductive pattern  834  may be disposed in the third opening  833 . The second conductive pattern  834  may be electrically isolated from the third conductive part  831  through at least a portion of the third opening  833 . A second pattern via hole  832 _ 4  used for electrical connection to the first pattern via hole  822 _ 4  formed in the second layer  820  may be formed on one side of the second conductive pattern  834 , and a conductive line, a starting point of which is the second pattern via hole  832 _ 4 , and which extends to a periphery (e.g., a periphery in the y axis direction) of one side of the third opening  833  may be included. An end of a periphery of the second conductive pattern  834  in the y axis direction, for example, may be used as the terminal port  834 _ 1 . Another coupler or a terminal resistor (e.g., 50 Ohm) may be connected to the terminal port  834 _ 1 . 
     The coupler  800  may be designed such that an inductance is formed between the first line port  814 _ 1  and the second line port  814 _ 2  corresponding to opposite ends of the RF signal transmission line  814 , an inductance and a capacitance are formed between the coupling port  824 _ 1  and the terminal port  834 _ 1 , and the adjusting capacitor  870  is connected to one side of the first conductive pattern  824  whereby a signal of various bands is coupled according to a capacitance of the adjusting capacitor  870 . The coupler  800  of  FIGS.  8 A through  8 D  may include three layers to be manufactured to be smaller, and may be formed to be slimmer than other couplers having different thicknesses. As another example, the coupler  800  may secure excellent isolation characteristics by using laser vias  812 _ 1 ,  812 _ 2 , and  812 _ 3 , may reduce signal damping by implementing the RF signal transmission line  814  with one micro-strip, and may provide an excellent connectivity without any discontinuity through an inner via during connection to other parts. 
       FIGS.  9 A and  9 B  are views illustrating structures of layers and an equivalent circuit of a coupler  900  embedded in a printed circuit board according to an embodiment of the disclosure.  FIG.  9 A  is a view illustrating a front surface (e.g., a surface that faces the z axis direction) of the layers included in the coupler  900 .  FIG.  9 B  is a view illustrating an equivalent circuit to the coupler  900  designed as seen in  FIG.  9 A . Referring to  FIG.  9 A , the coupler  900  may include a first path between a first line port  924 _ 1  and a second line port  924 _ 2 , a second path between a third line port  925 _ 1  and a fourth line port  925 _ 2 , a third path between a coupling port  934 _ 1  and a terminal port  941 _ 1 , or an adjusting capacitor  970  connected in parallel to the third path through a capacitor connecting port  914 _ 1 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  9 A and  9 B , at least a portion of the coupler  900  may have a form, in which it is embedded in the printed circuit board (e.g., the printed circuit board  340  of  FIG.  2   ). The printed circuit board, in which the coupler  900  is embedded, for example, may be a board including a first layer  910 , a second layer  920 , a third layer  930 , and/or a fourth layer  940 . In some embodiments, overall shapes or sizes of the layers  910 ,  920 ,  930 , and  940  (or the conductive parts of the layers) included in the coupler  900  mounted on the printed circuit board are not limited to the shapes of the illustrated drawings, and at least some of the shapes and sizes of the conductive parts of the at least some of the layers may be different. 
     For example, the first layer  910 , similarly to the first layer  910  described above in  FIGS.  6 A to  6 C , may include a first conductive part  911  (e.g., the first conductive part  611  of  FIGS.  6 A to  6 D ) formed of a conductive material or a conductive member, a first opening  913  (e.g., the first opening  613  of  FIGS.  6 A- 6 D ), which passes in the z axis direction on one side of the first conductive part  911  and at least a portion of which may be filled with an insulating material, and a first conductive flat plate  912 _ 3  (e.g., the first conductive flat plate  612 _ 3  of  FIGS.  6 A to  6 D ) disposed in the first opening  913  and electrically isolated from the first conductive part  911 . As another example, the coupler  900  may further include the capacitor connecting port  914 _ 1  electrically connected to one side (one side of a first extension part  912 _ 3   c ) of the first conductive flat plate  912 _ 3  provided in the first layer  910  and the adjusting capacitor  970  electrically connected to the capacitor connecting port  914 _ 1 . As another example, the first conductive part  911  may include at least one via hole  912 _ 1  and  912 _ 2  used for electrical connection to a second conductive part  921  of the second layer  920  and a third conductive part  931  of the third layer  930 . The first conductive flat plate  912 _ 3 , for example, may be disposed in an area of the first opening  913  inside the first conductive part  911 . The first conductive flat plate  912 _ 3 , for example, may include a first via hole  912 _ 3   b  for electrical connection to the conductive flat plates  922 _ 3  and  932 _ 3  formed in another layer (e.g., the second layer  920  or the third layer  930 ), a first hole periphery part  912 _ 3   a  that defines the first via hole  912 _ 3   b , and a first extension part  912 _ 3   c  that extends from the first hole periphery part  912 _ 3   a  while having a specific width in one direction (e.g., the x axis direction). The capacitor connecting port  914 _ 1  may be formed to include at least a portion of the first extension part  912 _ 3   c  or may be formed of a conductive member electrically connected to the first extension part  912 _ 3   c . The adjusting capacitor  970  may be disposed on the same layer as the first layer  910  or may be disposed in another layer of the printed circuit board  340 . 
     In some embodiments, the second layer  920  may have a structure that is the same as or similar to that of the second layer  920  described above in  FIGS.  6 A . For example, the second layer  920  (e.g., the second layer  620  of  FIG.  6   ) may include the second conductive part  921  (e.g., the second conductive part  621  of  FIGS.  6 A to  6 D ), a second opening  923  (e.g., the second opening  623  of  FIGS.  6 A to  6 D ), which is formed inside the second conductive part  921  and at least a portion of which may be filled with an insulating material, a first RF signal transmission line  924  (e.g., the first RF signal transmission line  624  of  FIGS.  6 A to  6 D ) and a second RF signal transmission line  925  (e.g., the second RF signal transmission line  625  of  FIGS.  6 A to  6 D ) disposed in the second opening  923 , or a second conductive flat plate  922 _ 3  (e.g., the second conductive flat plate  622 _ 3  of  FIGS.  6 A to  6 D ) disposed in the second opening  923  and electrically isolated from the second conductive part  921  and the first RF signal transmission line  924 . At least one via hole  922 _ 1  and  922   2  may be formed in the second conductive part  921 . The first RF signal transmission line  924  may be formed of a line that connects the first line port  924 _ 1  and the second line port  924 _ 2  in a way that is the same as or similar to the first RF signal transmission line  624  of  FIG.  6 A . The second RF signal transmission line  925  may be formed of a line that connects the third line port  925 _ 1  and the fourth line port  925 _ 2  in a way that is the same as or similar to the second RF signal transmission line  625  of  FIGS.  6 A to  6 C . 
     In some embodiments, the third layer  930  may have a structure that is the same as or similar to that of the third layer  630  described above in  FIGS.  6 A to  6 C . For example, the third layer  930  (e.g., the third layer  630  of  FIGS.  6 A to  6 D ) may include the third conductive part  931  (e.g., the third conductive part  631  of  FIGS.  6 A to  6 D ) formed of a conductive material or a conductor, a third opening  933  (or a fill-cut area) (e.g., the third opening  633  of  FIGS.  6 A to  6 D ), a third conductive flat plate  932 _ 3  (e.g., the third conductive flat plate  632 _ 3  of  FIGS.  6 A to  6 D ), or a first conductive pattern  934  (e.g., the first conductive pattern  634  of  FIGS.  6 A to  6 D ). The third conductive part  931  may include at least one via hole  932 _ 1  and  932 _ 2  used for electrical connection to the second conductive part  921 . In some embodiments, the third conductive part  931  may include at least one via hole  932 _ 5  used for electrical connection to the fourth conductive part  641  of the fourth layer  940 . The third conductive flat plate  932 _ 3  may be electrically connected to the first conductive pattern  934 , and the first conductive pattern  934  may include at least one coiling portion. A first pattern via hole  932 _ 4  used for electrical connection to a second pattern via hole  942 _ 4  of the fourth layer  940  may be formed on one side of the coiling portion. An end of one side of the first conductive pattern  934  may be used as the coupling port  934 _ 1  or a structure for the coupling port  934 _ 1  may be disposed at the end. The coupling port  934 _ 1  may be disposed in an opening area (e.g., the first opening area  431 a of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 C ) on one side of the third conductive part  931 . 
     In some embodiments, the fourth layer  940  may have a structure that is the same as or similar to that of the fourth layer  640  described above in  FIGS.  6 A to  6 C . For example, the fourth layer  940  (e.g., the fourth layer  640  of  FIGS.  6 A to  6 D ) may be disposed (disposed on a lower side of the third layer  930 ) to be adjacent to the third layer  930 , and may include a fourth conductive part  941  (e.g., the fourth conductive part  641  of  FIGS.  6 A to  6 D ), a fourth opening  943  (or a fill-cut area) (e.g., the fourth opening  643  of  FIGS.  6 A to  6 D ), or a second conductive pattern  944  (or a conductive line) (e.g., the second conductive pattern  644  of  FIGS.  6 A to  6 D ). In some embodiments, the fourth conductive part  641  may include at least one via hole  942 _ 5  used for electrical connection to the third conductive part  731  of the third layer  930 , and may include at least one via hole  942 _ 4  used for electrical connection to another layer (e.g., a ground layer) of the printed circuit board  340  or other configurations mounted on the printed circuit board  340 . The second pattern via hole  942 _ 4  electrically connected to the first pattern via hole  932 _ 4  may be formed on one side of the second conductive pattern  944 , and the terminal port  941 _ 1  may be disposed on an opposite side thereof. In some embodiments, the adjusting capacitor  970  may be connected to the second conductive pattern  934 . 
       FIG.  10 A  is a view illustrating a change in capacitances of the capacitor of the coupler  700  including the adjusting capacitor (e.g., the adjusting capacitor  770  of  FIGS.  7 A to  7 C ) according to various embodiments (e.g., the embodiment of  FIGS.  7 A to  7 D ).  FIG.  10 B  is a view illustrating coupling characteristics according to change values of capacitances of the adjusting capacitor of  FIG.  10 A . Additionally,  FIGS.  10 A and  10 B  illustrate measurement values for frequency bands according to changes in the capacitances of the adjusting capacitor in a PCB, on which the coupler including the adjusting capacitor is mounted. For example,  FIGS.  10 A and  10 B  illustrate a result obtained by measuring coupling characteristics of about 0.7 G to about 3.5 G while changing the capacitance of the adjusting capacitor (shunt capacitor) with simulations and actual network analyzers. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  10 A and  10 B , as illustrated, it may be seen that the characteristic values in the coupler, to which the adjusting capacitor is applied, show characteristics that have been enhanced as compared with the characteristics of the coupler, to which the adjusting capacitor is not applied, when the measurement values for frequency bands for a structure, to which the adjusting capacitor is applied, and a structure, to which it is not applied. A coupler may be determined to be of a level that is similar to that of an external coupler product and may be used when a difference between coupling factors of the bands is within about 6 dB, and it may be identified that the coupling factor may satisfy a value within about 6 dB in a section of about 0.7 G to about 3.5 G when a capacitance between about 1.5 pF to about 3 pF is disposed. It may be identified that the coupler has a difficultly in being used for a wide band structure as about 10 dB or more is generated at a band of about 0.7 GHz to about 3.5 GHz when a difference between the coupling factors of the structure, to which the adjusting capacitor is not applied, is identified. 
       FIG.  11    is a view illustrating coupling characteristics at a low frequency band of the coupler (e.g., the coupler  400  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 C ) according to an embodiment.  FIG.  12    is a view illustrating coupling characteristics at a middle, high, or sub6 frequency band of the coupler (e.g., the coupler  500  of  FIGS.  5 A to  5 C ) according to an embodiment.  FIG.  13    is a view illustrating coupling characteristics at a low frequency band of the coupler (e.g., the coupler  600  of  FIGS.  6 A to  6 C ) according to an embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG.  11   , the coupler  400  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 C  shows the coupling characteristics of −27.13 dB for the first RF signal transmission line  424  with reference to 0.7 GHz. In this way, the coupler  400  of  FIGS.  4 A to  4 C , which uses the first RF signal transmission line  424 , may show characteristics of ±6 dB with reference to −25 dB at 1 GHz or less and may be used for management of coupling of a low band (e.g., 700 MHz). 
     Referring to  FIG.  12   , the coupler  500  of  FIGS.  5 A to  5 C  shows coupling characteristics of −24.94 dB for the second RF signal transmission line  524  with reference to 2 GHz, and shows the coupling characteristics of −23.02 dB with reference to 2.7 GHz. In this way, the coupler  500  of  FIGS.  5 A to  5 C , which uses the second RF signal transmission line  524 , may show characteristics of about −23 dB to −25 dB at 2 GHz to 2.7 GHz and may be used for management of coupling of a middle or high band (e.g., 2 to 2.7 GHz) that is a corresponding frequency band. When allowance of characteristics within ±6 dB with reference to −25 dB is referenced, the second RF signal transmission line  524  may be used for management of coupling of a frequency of about 1 GHz to 3.5 GHz. 
     Referring to  FIG.  13   , the coupler  600  of  FIGS.  6 A to  6 C  shows coupling characteristics of −31.24 dB for the first RF signal transmission line  624  with reference to 0.9 GHz, and shows coupling characteristics of −25.08 dB for the second RF signal transmission line  625 . The coupler  600  of  FIG.  6 A  shows coupling characteristics of −18.63 dB for the first RF signal transmission line  624  with reference to 2.07 GHz, and shows coupling characteristics of −24.70 dB for the second RF signal transmission line  625 . The coupler  600  of  FIG.  6 A  shows coupling characteristics of −17.01 dB for the first RF signal transmission line  624  with reference to 2.71 GHz, and shows coupling characteristics of −23.01 dB for the second RF signal transmission line  625 . The coupler  600  showing the above-described characteristics may secure excellent coupling characteristics by using the first RF signal transmission line  624  (e.g., in the case of a low band management antenna) or using the second RF signal transmission line  625  (e.g., in the case of a middle band or high band management antenna). 
     As described above, a coupler (e.g., the coupler  700  of  FIGS.  7 A- 7 C ) according to an embodiment may include a first layer  710  (or a first board), in which a first conductive flat plate  712 _ 3  related to a coupling operation (or that supports a coupling operation or used for a coupling operation) is disposed, a second layer  720  (or a second board), which includes a first line port, to which a signal output from a wireless communication circuit is input and a second line port connected to an antenna and in which a signal transmission line  724  coupled to the first conductive flat plate  712 _ 3  is disposed, a third layer  730  (or a third board) electrically connected to the first conductive flat plate and in which a first conductive pattern  734  coupled to the signal transmission line is disposed, and a capacitor  770  electrically connected to the first conductive flat plate. According to various embodiments, overall sizes of peripheries of the first board, second board, and the fourth board may be the same or similar and they may be arranged in a vertical direction, and the capacitor  770  may be disposed on an outer side of the peripheries of the boards while one side of the capacitor  770  is electrically connected to at least one of the boards. At least one of the flat plate or the line may be disposed inside the peripheries of the boards. 
     In some embodiments, the first layer may include a first conductive part formed of a conductor, and a first opening (in various embodiments, at least a portion of the first opening is filled with an insulating member) formed at at least a portion of an inside of the first conductive part, and the first conductive flat plate may be disposed to be electrically isolated from the first conductive part through the first opening. 
     In some embodiments, the first conductive flat plate may include a first via hole used for electrical connection, a first hole periphery part defining the first via hole, and an extension part extending from the first hole periphery part and overlapping at least a portion of the signal transmission line while having a specific interval when viewed in one direction, and the capacitor may be electrically connected to one side of the extension part. 
     In some embodiments, the second layer may include a second conductive part formed of a conductor and electrically connected to the first conductive part, a second opening (as various embodiments, at least a portion of the second opening is filled or blocked with an insulating member or an insulating member layer that covers the second opening is present) formed at at least a portion of an inside of the second conductive part, and a second conductive flat plate disposed in the second opening and in which a second via hole electrically connected to the first via hole. 
     In some embodiments, the third layer may include a third conductive part formed of a conductor and electrically connected to the second conductive part, a third opening (as various embodiments, at least a portion of the third opening is filled with an insulating member) formed at at least a portion of an inside of the third conductive part, and a third conductive flat plate disposed in the third opening, electrically connected to the first conductive pattern, and in which a third via hole electrically connected to the second via hole is formed. 
     In some embodiments, an area of the first conductive flat plate may be larger than an area of the third conductive flat plate. 
     In some embodiments, the coupler may further include a fourth layer disposed to be adjacent to the third layer, and the fourth layer may include a fourth conductive part electrically connected to the third conductive part of the third layer and formed of a conductor, a fourth opening (as various embodiments, at least a portion of the fourth opening is filled with an insulating member) formed at at least a portion of an inside of the fourth conductive part, and a second pattern located in the fourth opening and electrically connected to the first conductive flat plate. 
     In some embodiments, the first conductive pattern may include a first pattern via hole formed on one side thereof, and the second conductive pattern may include a second pattern via hole electrically connected to the first pattern via hole, and a terminal port, to which a terminal resistor is connected. 
     In some embodiments, the first conductive pattern may be a line having at least one inflection point, a line, at least a portion of which includes a curve, or a line, at least a portion of which has a corner due to bending). 
     In some embodiments, the first conductive pattern may include a first coiling portion coiled in a first direction, and a second coiling portion coiled in a second direction. 
     In some embodiments, one end or the first coiling portion may include a coupling port used to transmit a coupling signal to the wireless communication circuit. 
     In some embodiments, the first layer may include a fourth conductive flat plate electrically connected to the first conductive flat plate and in which a fourth via hole is formed. 
     In some embodiments, the coupler may further include a fifth layer (or a fifth board) disposed to be adjacent to the first layer, and the fifth layer may include a fifth via hole electrically connected to the fourth via hole and a fifth hole periphery part defining the fifth via hole, and a first capacitor via hole electrically connected to the fifth hole periphery part. 
     In some embodiments, the coupler may further include a sixth layer (or a sixth board) disposed to be adjacent to the fifth layer, the sixth layer may include a second capacitor via hole electrically connected to the first capacitor via hole, and a capacitor connecting pad defining the second capacitor via hole, and the capacitor may be electrically connected to the first conductive flat plate through the second capacitor via hole of the capacitor connecting pad. 
     In some embodiments, the capacitor may include at least one of a tunable capacitor or a shunt capacitor. 
     In some embodiments, the signal transmission line may include at least one of a first signal transmission line that transmits a signal of a first frequency band, and a second signal transmission line that transmits a signal of a second frequency band that is different from the first frequency band. 
     As described above, a printed circuit board having a plurality of layers may include a coupler formed at at least a portion of the printed circuit board, and the coupler may include a first layer  710 , in which a first conductive flat plate  712 _ 3  related to a coupling operation is disposed, a second layer  720 , in which a signal transmission line  724  including a line port, to which a signal output from a wireless communication circuit is input, and a line port connected to an antenna is disposed, a third layer  730  electrically connected to the first conductive flat plate and in which a first conductive pattern  734  coupled to the signal transmission line is disposed, and a capacitor  770  electrically connected to the first conductive flat plate. 
     As described above, an electronic device, in which a printed circuit board is disposed, may include an printed circuit board, in which a coupler having multiple layers is embedded, and the coupler may include a first layer  710 , in which a first conductive flat plate  712 _ 3  related to a coupling operation is disposed, a second layer  720 , in which a signal transmission line  724  including a line port, to which a signal output from a wireless communication circuit is input, and a line port connected to an antenna is disposed, a third layer  730  electrically connected to the first conductive flat plate and in which a first conductive pattern  734  coupled to the signal transmission line is disposed, and a capacitor electrically connected to the first conductive flat plate. 
     As described above, a coupler may include a first layer  810 , in which a first conductive part formed of a conductor and having at least one via hole for electrical connection to another layer, a first opening formed of an insulating member inside the first conductive part, and a signal transmission line  814  electrically isolated from the first conductive part through the first opening and including a line port  814 _ 1 , to which a signal output from a wireless communication circuit is output, and a line port  814 _ 2  connected to an antenna are disposed, a second layer  820 , in which a second conductive part having at least one via hole electrically connected to the first conductive part, a second opening formed of an insulating member inside the second conductive part, and a first conductive pattern  824  electrically isolated from the second conductive part through the second opening and including at least one winding in relation to a coupling operation for the signal transmission line are disposed, a third layer  830 , in which a third conductive part having at least one via hole used for electrical connection to the second conductive part, a third opening formed of an insulating member inside the third conductive part, and a second conductive pattern electrically isolated from the third conductive part through the third opening and including one side electrically connected to the first conductive pattern through a via hole and an opposite side having a terminal port, to which a terminal resistor is connected are disposed, and a capacitor  870  electrically connected to the first conductive pattern. 
     As described above, a coupler may include a first layer  610 , in which a first conductive part formed of a conductor and having at least one via hole for electrical connection to another layer, a first opening formed of an insulating member inside the first conductive part, and a first conductive flat plate  612 _ 3  electrically isolated from the first conductive part through the first opening are disposed, a second layer  620 , in which a second conductive part having at least one via hole electrically connected to the first conductive part, a second opening formed of an insulating member inside the second conductive part, a first signal transmission line  624  including a line port, to which a signal of a first frequency band output from a wireless communication circuit is input, and a line port connected to an antenna, a second signal transmission line  625  including a line port, to which a signal of a second frequency band output from the wireless communication circuit is input, and a line port connected to the antenna, and a second conductive flat plate  622 _ 3  having a via hole electrically connected to the first conductive flat plate are disposed, a third layer  630 , in which a third conductive part having at least one via hole used for electrical connection to the second conductive part, a third opening formed of an insulating member inside the third conductive part, a third conductive flat plate  632 _ 3  electrically isolated from the third conductive part through the third opening and electrically connected to the second conductive flat plate, and a third layer  630  electrically connected to the third conductive flat plate and coupled to the first signal transmission line or the second signal transmission line, and a fourth layer  640 , in which a second conductive pattern including one side electrically connected to the first conductive pattern through a via hole and an opposite side, on which a terminal port, to which a terminal resistor is connected, is formed. 
       FIG.  14    is a block diagram of an electronic device  1401  in a network environment  1400  according to various embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG.  14   , in a network environment  1400 , an electronic device  1401  may communicate an electronic device  1402  through a first network  1498  (e.g., a near field wireless communication network), or may communicate with an electronic device  1404  or a server  1408  through a second network  1499  (e.g., a long distance wireless communication network). In some embodiments, the electronic device  1401  may communicate with the electronic device  1404  through the server  1408 . In some embodiments, the electronic device  1401  may include a processor  1420 , a memory  1430 , an input device  1450 , a sound output device  1455 , a display device  1460 , an audio module  1470 , a sensor module  1476 , an interface  1477 , a haptic module  1479 , a camera module  1480 , a power management module  1488 , a battery  1489 , a communication module  1490 , a subscriber identification module  1496 , or an antenna module  1497 . In some embodiments, at least one (e.g., the display device  1460  or the camera module  1480 ) of the components may be omitted from the electronic device  1401  or one or more other components may be added. In some embodiments, some of the components may be implemented with one integrated circuit. For example, the sensor module  1476  (e.g., a fingerprint sensor, an iris sensor, or an illumination sensor) may be implemented while being embedded in the display device  1460  (e.g., a display). 
     The processor  1420 , for example, may control at least one component (e.g., a hardware or software component) of the electronic device  1401  connected to the processor  1420  by executing software (e.g., a program  1440 ), and may perform various data processing or calculations. In some embodiments, as at least a part of data processing or calculations, the processor  1420  may load a command or data received from another component (e.g., the sensor module  1476  or the communication module  1490 ) in a volatile memory  1432 , may process a command or data stored in the volatile memory  1432 , and may store result data in the volatile memory  1434 . According to an embodiment, the processor  1420  may include a main processor  1421  (e.g., a central processing device or an application processor), and an auxiliary processor  1423  (e.g., a graphic processing device, an image signal processor, a sensor hub processor, or a communication processor) which may be operated independently from or together with the main processor  1421 . Additionally or alternatively, the auxiliary processor  1423  may use lower power than the main processor  1421 , or may be set to be specific to a designated function. The auxiliary processor  1423  may be implemented separately from or a part of the main processor  1421 . 
     The auxiliary processor  1423 , for example, may control at least some of functions or states related to at least one component (e.g., the display device  1460 , the sensor module  1476 , or the communication module  1490 ) of the components of the electronic device  1401  in replacement of the main processor  1421  while the main processor  1421  is in an inactive (e.g., sleep) state, or together with the main processor  1421  while the main processor  1421  is in an active (e.g., application execution) state. In some embodiments, the auxiliary processor  1423  (e.g., an image signal processor or a communication processor) may be implemented as a part of another component (e.g., the camera module  1480  or the communication module  1490 ) which is functionally relevant. 
     The memory  1430  may store various data used by at least one component (e.g., the processor  1420  or the sensor module  1476 ) of the electronic device  1401 . The data, for example, may include software (e.g., a program  1440 ), and input data or output data for a related command. The memory  1430  may include a volatile memory  1432  or a nonvolatile memory  1434 . 
     The program  1440  may be stored in the memory  1430  as software, and for example, may include an operating system  1442 , middleware  1444 , or an application  1446 . 
     The input device  1450  may receive a command or data, which will be used in a component (e.g., the processor  1420 ) of the electronic device  1401  from the outside (e.g., the user) of the electronic device  1401 . The input device  1450 , for example, may include a microphone, a mouse, a keyboard, or a digital pen (e.g., a stylus pen). 
     The sound output device  1455  may output a sound signal to the outside of the electronic device  1401 . The sound output device  1455 , for example, may include a speaker or a receiver. The speaker may be used for a general purpose, such as playback of multimedia or recording/reproduction, and the receiver may be used to receive a terminating line phone. In some embodiments, the receiver may be implemented separately from the speaker or as a part thereof. 
     The display device  1460  may visually provide information to the outside (e.g., the user) of the electronic device  1401 . The display device  1460 , for example, may include a display, a hologram device, or a projector, and a control circuit for controlling the corresponding device. In some embodiments, the display device  1460  may include a touch circuit configured to detect a touch, or a sensor circuit (e.g., a pressure sensor) configured to measure the strength of a force generated by the touch. 
     The audio module  1470  may convert a sound to an electric signal or inversely convert an electric signal to a sound. According to an embodiment, the audio module  1470  may acquire a sound through the input device  1450  or may output a sound through the sound output device  1455  or an external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  1401 ) (e.g., a speaker or a headphone) directly or wirelessly connected to the electronic device  1402 . 
     The sensor module  1476  may detect an operation state (e.g., power or a temperature) of the electronic device  1401  or a state (e.g., the user state) of an external environment, and may generate an electric signal or a data value corresponding to the detected state. According to an embodiment, the sensor module  1476 , for example, may include a gesture sensor, a gyro sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, a magnetic sensor, an acceleration sensor, a grip sensor, a color sensor, an infrared (IR) sensor, a biometric sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, or an illumination sensor. 
     The interface  1477  may support one or more designated protocols that may be used to connect the electronic device  1401  to an external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  1402 ) directly or wirelessly. In some embodiments, the interface  1477 , for example, may include a high definition multimedia interface (HDMI), a universal serial bus (USB) interface, an SD card interface, or an audio interface. 
     A connection terminal  1478  may include a connector, through which the electronic device  1401  may be physically connected to an external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  1402 ). According to an embodiment, the connection terminal  1478 , for example, may include a HDMI connector, a USB connector, an SD card connector, or an audio connector (e.g., a headphone connector). 
     The haptic module  1479  may convert an electric signal to a mechanical stimulus (e.g., vibration or a motion) or an electrical stimulus that may be recognized by the user through a haptic feeling or a sense of motion. According to an embodiment, the haptic module  1479 , for example, may include a motor, a piezoelectric element, or an electrical stimulus device. 
     The camera module  1480  may capture a still image or a video. According to an embodiment, the camera module  1480  may include one or more lenses, image sensors, image signal processors, or flashes. 
     The power management module  1488  may manage power supplied to the electronic device  1401 . According to an embodiment, the power management module  1488 , for example, may be implemented as at least a part of a power management integrated circuit (PMIC). 
     The battery  1489  may supply power to at least one component of the electronic device  1401 . In some embodiments, the battery  1489 , for example, may include a primary cell that cannot be recharged, a secondary cell, or a fuel cell. 
     The communication module  1490  may support establishment of a direct (e.g., wired) communication channel or a wireless communication channel between the electronic device  1401  and the external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device  1402 , the electronic device  1404 , or the server  1408 ), and execution of communication through the established communication channel. The communication module  1490  may include one or more communication processors that is operated independently from the processor  1420  (e.g., an application processor) and supports direct (e.g., wired) communication or wireless communication. According to an embodiment, the communication module  1490  may include a wireless communication module  1492  (e.g., a cellular communication module, a near field wireless communication module, or a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communication module) or a wired communication module  1494  (e.g., a local area network (LAN) communication module or a power line communication module). Among the communication modules, the corresponding communication module may communicate with an external electronic device  1404  through the first network  1498  (e.g., a near field communication network such as Bluetooth, WiFi direct, or infrared data association (IrDA)) or the second network  1499  (e.g., a long distance communication network such as a cellular network, the internet, or a computer network (e.g., LAN or WAN)). The several kinds of communication modules may be integrated into one component (e.g., a single chip) or may be implemented by a plurality of separate components (e.g., a plurality of chips). The wireless communication module  1492  may identify or verify the electronic device  1401  in a communication network such as the first network  1498  or the second network  1499  by using subscriber information (e.g., an international mobile subscriber identifier (IMSI)) stored in the subscriber identification module  1496 . 
     The antenna module  1497  may transmit a signal or power to the outside (e.g., an external electronic device) or receive a signal or power from the outside. According to an embodiment, the antenna module  1497  may include one antenna including a conductor formed on a substrate (e.g., a PCB) or a radiator with a conductive pattern. According to an embodiment, the antenna module  1497  may include a plurality of antennas. In this case, at least one antenna that is suitable for a communication scheme used in a communication network such as the first network  1498  or the second network  1499 , for example, may be selected from the plurality of antennas by the communication module  1490 . A signal or power may be transmitted or received between the communication module  1490  and an external electronic device through the selected at least one antenna. In some embodiments, in addition to the radiator, another component (e.g., a RFIC) may be additionally formed as a part of the antenna module  1497 . 
     At least some of the components may be connected to each other through a communication scheme (e.g., a bus, a general purpose input and output (GPIO), a serial peripheral interface (SPI), or a mobile industry processor interface (MIPI)) between peripheral devices, and may exchange signals (e.g., a command or data). 
     In some embodiments, a command or data may be transmitted or received between the electronic device  1401  and the external electronic device  1404  through the server connected to the second network  1499 . The electronic device  1402  or  1404  may be a device that is the same as or different from the electronic device  1401 . According to an embodiment, all or some of the operations executed by the electronic device  1401  may be executed by one or more external devices of the external electronic devices  1402 ,  1404 , or  1408 . For example, when the electronic device  1401  has to perform some functions or services automatically or in response to a request from the user or another device, the electronic device  1401  may request one or more external electronic devices to perform at least some of the functions or services in replacement of self-execution of the functions or services or additionally. One or more external electronic devices that received the request executes at least some of the requested functions or services or an additional function or service related to the request, and may deliver the execution result to the electronic device  1401 . The electronic device  1401  may process the result as it is or additionally to provide the processed result as at least a part of a response to the request. To this end, for example, the cloud computing, distributed computing, or client-server computing technologies may be used. 
     An electronic device may include devices of various forms. The electronic devices, for example, may include a portable communication device (e.g., a smart phone), a computer device, a portable multimedia device, a portable medical device, a camera, a wearable device, or a home appliance. An electronic device according to various embodiments of the disclosure is not limited to the above-mentioned devices. 
     Various embodiments of the disclosure and the terms used herein do not limit the technical features described in the disclosure to specific embodiments, and should be construed to include various modifications, equivalents, or replacements of the embodiments. With regard to the description of the drawings, similar reference numerals may be used to refer to similar or related components. It is to be understood that a singular form of a noun corresponding to an item may include one or more of the things, unless the relevant context clearly indicates otherwise. In the disclosure, each of such phrases as “A or B,” “at least one of A and B,” “at least one of A or B,” “A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” and “at least one of A, B, or C,” may include all possible combinations of the items enumerated together in a corresponding one of the phrases. Such terms as “1st” and “2nd” or “first” and “second” may be used to simply distinguish a corresponding component from another, and does not limit the components in other aspects (e.g., an importance or an order). It is to be understood that if a component (e.g., a first component) is referred to, with or without the term “operatively” or “communicatively”, as “coupled with” or “connected with”, it means that the component may be coupled with the other component directly (e.g., by wire), wirelessly, or via a third component. 
     The term “module” used in the disclosure may include a unit configured in a hardware, software, or firmware way, and for example, may be used interchangeably with the terms such as logic, a logic block, a component, or a circuit. The module may be an integral part, or a minimum unit or a portion which performs one or more functions. For example, according to an embodiment, the module may be implemented in a form of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). 
     Various embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented by software (e.g., a program  1440 ) including one or more instructions stored in a storage medium (e.g., an internal memory  1436  or an external memory  1438 ) that may be read by the electronic device  1401 . For example, the processor (e.g., the processor  1402 ) of the device (e.g., the electronic device  1401 ) may call at least one of one or more instructions stored in a the storage medium, and may execute it. This allows at least one function to be performed according to the called at least one instruction. The one or more instructions may include a code that is made by a compiler or a code that may be executed by an interpreter. The storage medium that may be read by a device may be provided in a form of a non-transitory storage medium. Here, the ‘non-transitory storage medium’ means that the storage medium is a tangible device and does not include a signal (e.g., an electromagnetic wave), and with regard to the term, a case, in which data are semi-permanently stored in the storage medium, and a case, in which data are temporarily stored in the storage medium, are not distinguished. For example, the non-transitory storage medium’ may include a buffer, in which data are temporarily stored. 
     According to an embodiment, the methods according to various embodiments of the disclosure may be provided to be included in a computer program product. The computer program product may be traded between a seller and a purchaser. The computer program product may be distributed in a form of a storage medium that may be read by a device (e.g., a compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM) or may be distributed (e.g., downloaded or uploaded) through an application store (e.g., Play Store™) or directly or online between two user devices (e.g., smartphones). In the online distribution, at least a portion of the computer program product (e.g., a downloadable app) may be at least temporarily stored in a storage medium, such as a server of a manufacturer, a server of an application store, or a memory of a relay server, which may be read by a device, or temporarily generated. 
     According to various embodiments, the components (e.g., modules or programs) of the above-described components may include a single or a plurality of entities. According to various embodiments, among the above-described components, one or more components or operations may be omitted or one or more other components or operations may be added. Alternatively or additionally, the plurality of components (e.g., modules or programs) may be integrated into one component. In this case, the integrated components may perform one or more functions of the plurality of components in a way that is the same as or similar to that performed by the corresponding ones of the plurality of components before the integration. According to various embodiments, the operations performed by modules, programs, or other components may be executed sequentially, in parallel, repeatedly, or heuristically, one or more operations may be executed in another sequence or omitted, or one or more other operations may be added. 
     An electronic device according to various embodiments disclosed in the disclosure may include devices of various forms. The electronic devices, for example, may include a portable communication device (e.g., a smart phone), a computer device, a portable multimedia device, a portable medical device, a camera, a wearable device, or a home appliance. An electronic device according to various embodiments of the disclosure is not limited to the above-mentioned devices. 
     According to various embodiments, the components (e.g., modules or programs) of the above-described components may include a single or a plurality of entities. According to various embodiments, among the above-described components, one or more components or operations may be omitted or one or more other components or operations may be added. Alternatively or additionally, the plurality of components (e.g., modules or programs) may be integrated into one component. In this case, the integrated components may perform one or more functions of the plurality of components in a way that is the same as or similar to that performed by the corresponding ones of the plurality of components before the integration. According to various embodiments, the operations performed by modules, programs, or other components may be executed sequentially, in parallel, repeatedly, or heuristically, one or more operations may be executed in another sequence or omitted, or one or more other operations may be added. 
     Although the detailed embodiments have been described, it is apparent that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure.