Patent Publication Number: US-10313868-B2

Title: Athletic data aggregation and display system

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/167,375, filed on May 27, 2016, and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/167,936, filed on May 29, 2015, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for any and all non-limiting purposes. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Certain devices, such as many modern fitness devices, are limited in terms of their on-board UIs. Indeed, with the miniaturization of fitness devices, display devices and/or other feedback mechanisms, such as LEDs or tactile input/output devices have been eliminated or made to be more rudimentary than prior models or earlier fitness devices. For example, earlier fitness devices may have included an appendage worn device that was comparable to a bulky wrist-worn watch, however, bracelets, arm bands and other less bulky or obtrusive devices may have minimal UIs and/or feedback mechanisms in terms of one or more of size, quantity, and/or complexity. 
     Often times, mobile devices, which may be wirelessly linked with said fitness devices, may serve as a UI or feedback mechanism. Unfortunately, many users often do not want to have physical possession of their mobile devices while participating in athletic activities, and if so, accessing and utilizing an “app” or other remote software implementations can be time-consuming and burdensome during the athletic activity. 
     Further, in group settings (either virtual or physical), when a session, class or event is about to be initiated, players, instructors, coaches, trainers and/or other individuals often don&#39;t have the time or patience to struggle with equipment issues. In this regard, instructors often have defined time slots within a workout room, and as such, they don&#39;t have the time to coordinate electronic equipment synchronization and/or serve as a mobile IT department. Prior art attempts may have focused on individually connecting fitness devices associated with a plurality of athletes with a leaderboard or system for aggregating and/or displaying athletic data. Further, this usually involves requiring the athlete to first disconnect their fitness device from other devices, such as switching the Bluetooth connection from their mobile phone or tablet. For example, Bluetooth protocol only allows a single connection at a time, so the athlete would first have to determine whether the fitness device is connected to their phone or another device, disconnect it, and then determine if it can be successfully connected to the new device. 
     Other problems include the potential lack of interne service by the gym or other entity proximate to the collection of users, authentication between the hardware utilized to aggregate and display the data as well as remote platforms that may be utilized to obtain data about the athletes and/or store the athletic data. Such platforms require log-in credentials of the athletes, which could be a privacy concern. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an example system that may be configured to provide personal training and/or obtain data from the physical movements of a user in accordance with example embodiments; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates an example computer device that may be part of or in communication with the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  shows an illustrative sensor assembly that may be worn by a user in accordance with example embodiments; 
         FIG. 4  shows another example sensor assembly that may be worn by a user in accordance with example embodiments; 
         FIG. 5  shows illustrative locations for sensory input which may include physical sensors located on/in a user&#39;s clothing and/or be based upon identification of relationships between two moving body parts of the user; 
         FIG. 6  shows an example flow of proximity pairing one of a plurality of fitness devices according to one example embodiment disclosed herein; 
         FIG. 7  shows an example flow of imprinting a fitness device according to one example embodiment disclosed herein; 
         FIG. 8  depicts an athletic band with a removable module according to one exemplary embodiment disclosed herein; 
         FIG. 9  shows an illustrative system that generally focuses on individually connecting fitness devices associated with a plurality of athletes with a leaderboard or system for aggregating and/or displaying athletic data; 
         FIG. 10  shows an illustrative example of aggregating and outputting athletic data from a plurality of users in accordance with one embodiment; 
         FIG. 11  shows flowchart  1100  that may be implemented to aggregate and/or output (e.g. display) athletic activity data obtained from a plurality of different fitness devices; and 
         FIG. 12  shows an example UI that may be implemented, such as on a mobile device, that allows a user to set on or more variables in relation to what information is transmitted in one or more beacons. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Aspects of this disclosure involve obtaining, storing, and/or processing athletic data relating to the physical movements of an athlete. The athletic data may be actively or passively sensed and/or stored in one or more non-transitory storage mediums. Still further aspects relate to using athletic data to generate an output, such as for example, calculated athletic attributes, feedback signals to provide guidance, and/or other information. These and other aspects will be discussed in the context of the following illustrative examples of a personal training system. 
     In the following description of the various embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration various embodiments in which aspects of the disclosure may be practiced. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural and functional modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Further, headings within this disclosure should not be considered as limiting aspects of the disclosure and the example embodiments are not limited to the example headings. 
     I. Example Personal Training System 
     A. Illustrative Networks 
     Aspects of this disclosure relate to systems and methods that may be utilized across a plurality of networks. In this regard, certain embodiments may be configured to adapt to dynamic network environments. Further embodiments may be operable in differing discrete network environments.  FIG. 1  illustrates an example of a personal training system  100  in accordance with example embodiments. Example system  100  may include one or more interconnected networks, such as the illustrative body area network (BAN)  102 , local area network (LAN)  104 , and wide area network (WAN)  106 . As shown in  FIG. 1  (and described throughout this disclosure), one or more networks (e.g., BAN  102 , LAN  104 , and/or WAN  106 ), may overlap or otherwise be inclusive of each other. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the illustrative networks  102 - 106  are logical networks that may each comprise one or more different communication protocols and/or network architectures and yet may be configured to have gateways to each other or other networks. For example, each of BAN  102 , LAN  104  and/or WAN  106  may be operatively connected to the same physical network architecture, such as cellular network architecture  108  and/or WAN architecture  110 . For example, portable electronic device  112 , which may be considered a component of both BAN  102  and LAN  104 , may comprise a network adapter or network interface card (NIC) configured to translate data and control signals into and from network messages according to one or more communication protocols, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the Internet Protocol (IP), and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) through one or more of architectures  108  and/or  110 . These protocols are well known in the art, and thus will not be discussed here in more detail. 
     Network architectures  108  and  110  may include one or more information distribution network(s), of any type(s) or topology(s), alone or in combination(s), such as for example, cable, fiber, satellite, telephone, cellular, wireless, etc. and as such, may be variously configured such as having one or more wired or wireless communication channels (including but not limited to: WiFi®, Bluetooth®, Near-Field Communication (NFC) and/or ANT technologies). Thus, any device within a network of  FIG. 1 , (such as portable electronic device  112  or any other device described herein) may be considered inclusive to one or more of the different logical networks  102 - 106 . With the foregoing in mind, example components of an illustrative BAN and LAN (which may be coupled to WAN  106 ) will be described. 
     1. Example Local Area Network 
     LAN  104  may include one or more electronic devices, such as for example, computer device  114 . Computer device  114 , or any other component of system  100 , may comprise a mobile terminal, such as a telephone, music player, tablet, netbook or any portable device. In other embodiments, computer device  114  may comprise a media player or recorder, desktop computer, server(s), a gaming console, such as for example, a Microsoft® XBOX, Sony® Playstation, and/or a Nintendo® Wii gaming consoles. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that these are merely example devices for descriptive purposes and this disclosure is not limited to any console or computing device. 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the design and structure of computer device  114  may vary depending on several factors, such as its intended purpose. One example implementation of computer device  114  is provided in  FIG. 2 , which illustrates a block diagram of computing device  200 . Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the disclosure of  FIG. 2  may be applicable to any device disclosed herein. Device  200  may include one or more processors, such as processor  202 - 1  and  202 - 2  (generally referred to herein as “processors  202 ” or “processor  202 ”). Processors  202  may communicate with each other or other components via an interconnection network or bus  204 . Processor  202  may include one or more processing cores, such as cores  206 - 1  and  206 - 2  (referred to herein as “cores  206 ” or more generally as “core  206 ”), which may be implemented on a single integrated circuit (IC) chip. 
     Cores  206  may comprise a shared cache  208  and/or a private cache (e.g., caches  210 - 1  and  210 - 2 , respectively). One or more caches  208 / 210  may locally cache data stored in a system memory, such as memory  212 , for faster access by components of the processor  202 . Memory  212  may be in communication with the processors  202  via a chipset  216 . Cache  208  may be part of system memory  212  in certain embodiments. Memory  212  may include, but is not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), and include one or more of solid-state memory, optical or magnetic storage, and/or any other medium that can be used to store electronic information. Yet other embodiments may omit system memory  212 . 
     System  200  may include one or more I/O devices (e.g., I/O devices  214 - 1  through  214 - 3 , each generally referred to as I/O device  214 ). I/O data from one or more I/O devices  214  may be stored at one or more caches  208 ,  210  and/or system memory  212 . Each of I/O devices  214  may be permanently or temporarily configured to be in operative communication with a component of system  100  using any physical or wireless communication protocol. 
     Returning to  FIG. 1 , four example I/O devices (shown as elements  116 - 122 ) are shown as being in communication with computer device  114 . Those skilled in the art will appreciate that one or more of devices  116 - 122  may be stand-alone devices or may be associated with another device besides computer device  114 . For example, one or more I/O devices may be associated with or interact with a component of BAN  102  and/or WAN  106 . I/O devices  116 - 122  may include, but are not limited to athletic data acquisition units, such as for example, sensors. One or more I/O devices may be configured to sense, detect, and/or measure an athletic parameter from a user, such as user  124 . Examples include, but are not limited to: an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a location-determining device (e.g., GPS), light (including non-visible light) sensor, temperature sensor (including ambient temperature and/or body temperature), sleep pattern sensors, heart rate monitor, image-capturing sensor, moisture sensor, force sensor, compass, angular rate sensor, and/or combinations thereof among others. 
     In further embodiments, I/O devices  116 - 122  may be used to provide an output (e.g., audible, visual, or tactile cue) and/or receive an input, such as a user input from athlete  124 . Example uses for these illustrative I/O devices are provided below, however, those skilled in the art will appreciate that such discussions are merely descriptive of some of the many options within the scope of this disclosure. Further, reference to any data acquisition unit, I/O device, or sensor is to be interpreted disclosing an embodiment that may have one or more I/O device, data acquisition unit, and/or sensor disclosed herein or known in the art (either individually or in combination). 
     Information from one or more devices (across one or more networks) may be used to provide (or be utilized in the formation of) a variety of different parameters, metrics or physiological characteristics including but not limited to: motion parameters, such as speed, acceleration, distance, steps taken, direction, relative movement of certain body portions or objects to others, or other motion parameters which may be expressed as angular rates, rectilinear rates or combinations thereof, physiological parameters, such as calories, heart rate, sweat detection, effort, oxygen consumed, oxygen kinetics, and other metrics which may fall within one or more categories, such as: pressure, impact forces, information regarding the athlete, such as height, weight, age, demographic information and combinations thereof. 
     System  100  may be configured to transmit and/or receive athletic data, including the parameters, metrics, or physiological characteristics collected within system  100  or otherwise provided to system  100 . As one example, WAN  106  may comprise server  111 . Server  111  may have one or more components of system  200  of  FIG. 2 . In one embodiment, server  111  comprises at least a processor and a memory, such as processor  206  and memory  212 . Server  111  may be configured to store computer-executable instructions on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. The instructions may comprise athletic data, such as raw or processed data collected within system  100 . System  100  may be configured to transmit data, such as energy expenditure points, to a social networking website or host such a site. Server  111  may be utilized to permit one or more users to access and/or compare athletic data. As such, server  111  may be configured to transmit and/or receive notifications based upon athletic data or other information. 
     Returning to LAN  104 , computer device  114  is shown in operative communication with a display device  116 , an image-capturing device  118 , sensor  120  and exercise device  122 , which are discussed in turn below with reference to example embodiments. In one embodiment, display device  116  may provide audio-visual cues to athlete  124  to perform a specific athletic movement. The audio-visual cues may be provided in response to computer-executable instruction executed on computer device  114  or any other device, including a device of BAN  102  and/or WAN. Display device  116  may be a touchscreen device or otherwise configured to receive a user-input. 
     In one embodiment, data may be obtained from image-capturing device  118  and/or other sensors, such as sensor  120 , which may be used to detect (and/or measure) athletic parameters, either alone or in combination with other devices, or stored information. Image-capturing device  118  and/or sensor  120  may comprise a transceiver device. In one embodiment sensor  128  may comprise an infrared (IR), electromagnetic (EM) or acoustic transceiver. For example, image-capturing device  118 , and/or sensor  120  may transmit waveforms into the environment, including towards the direction of athlete  124  and receive a “reflection” or otherwise detect alterations of those released waveforms. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that signals corresponding to a multitude of different data spectrums may be utilized in accordance with various embodiments. In this regard, devices  118  and/or  120  may detect waveforms emitted from external sources (e.g., not system  100 ). For example, devices  118  and/or  120  may detect heat being emitted from user  124  and/or the surrounding environment. Thus, image-capturing device  126  and/or sensor  128  may comprise one or more thermal imaging devices. In one embodiment, image-capturing device  126  and/or sensor  128  may comprise an IR device configured to perform range phenomenology. 
     In one embodiment, exercise device  122  may be any device configurable to permit or facilitate the athlete  124  performing a physical movement, such as for example a treadmill, step machine, etc. There is no requirement that the device be stationary. In this regard, wireless technologies permit portable devices to be utilized, thus a bicycle or other mobile exercising device may be utilized in accordance with certain embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that equipment  122  may be or comprise an interface for receiving an electronic device containing athletic data performed remotely from computer device  114 . For example, a user may use a sporting device (described below in relation to BAN  102 ) and upon returning home or the location of equipment  122 , download athletic data into element  122  or any other device of system  100 . Any I/O device disclosed herein may be configured to receive activity data. 
     2. Body Area Network 
     BAN  102  may include two or more devices configured to receive, transmit, or otherwise facilitate the collection of athletic data (including passive devices). Exemplary devices may include one or more data acquisition units, sensors, or devices known in the art or disclosed herein, including but not limited to I/O devices  116 - 122 . Two or more components of BAN  102  may communicate directly, yet in other embodiments, communication may be conducted via a third device, which may be part of BAN  102 , LAN  104 , and/or WAN  106 . One or more components of LAN  104  or WAN  106  may form part of BAN  102 . In certain implementations, whether a device, such as portable device  112 , is part of BAN  102 , LAN  104 , and/or WAN  106 , may depend on the athlete&#39;s proximity to an access point to permit communication with mobile cellular network architecture  108  and/or WAN architecture  110 . User activity and/or preference may also influence whether one or more components are utilized as part of BAN  102 . Example embodiments are provided below. 
     User  124  may be associated with (e.g., possess, carry, wear, and/or interact with) any number of devices, such as portable device  112 , shoe-mounted device  126 , wrist-worn device  128  and/or a sensing location, such as sensing location  130 , which may comprise a physical device or a location that is used to collect information. One or more devices  112 ,  126 ,  128 , and/or  130  may not be specially designed for fitness or athletic purposes. Indeed, aspects of this disclosure relate to utilizing data from a plurality of devices, some of which are not fitness devices, to collect, detect, and/or measure athletic data. In certain embodiments, one or more devices of BAN  102  (or any other network) may comprise a fitness or sporting device that is specifically designed for a particular sporting use. As used herein, the term “sporting device” includes any physical object that may be used or implicated during a specific sport or fitness activity. Exemplary sporting devices may include, but are not limited to: golf balls, basketballs, baseballs, soccer balls, footballs, powerballs, hockey pucks, weights, bats, clubs, sticks, paddles, mats, and combinations thereof. In further embodiments, exemplary fitness devices may include objects within a sporting environment where a specific sport occurs, including the environment itself, such as a goal net, hoop, backboard, portions of a field, such as a midline, outer boundary marker, base, and combinations thereof. 
     In this regard, those skilled in the art will appreciate that one or more sporting devices may also be part of (or form) a structure and vice-versa, a structure may comprise one or more sporting devices or be configured to interact with a sporting device. For example, a first structure may comprise a basketball hoop and a backboard, which may be removable and replaced with a goal post. In this regard, one or more sporting devices may comprise one or more sensors, such as one or more of the sensors discussed above in relation to  FIGS. 1-3 , that may provide information utilized, either independently or in conjunction with other sensors, such as one or more sensors associated with one or more structures. For example, a backboard may comprise a first sensor configured to measure a force and a direction of the force by a basketball upon the backboard and the hoop may comprise a second sensor to detect a force. Similarly, a golf club may comprise a first sensor configured to detect grip attributes on the shaft and a second sensor configured to measure impact with a golf ball. 
     Looking to the illustrative portable device  112 , it may be a multi-purpose electronic device, that for example, includes a telephone or digital music player, including an IPOD®, IPAD®, or iPhone®, brand devices available from Apple, Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. or Zune® or Microsoft® Windows devices available from Microsoft of Redmond, Wash. As known in the art, digital media players can serve as an output device, input device, and/or storage device for a computer. Device  112  may be configured as an input device for receiving raw or processed data collected from one or more devices in BAN  102 , LAN  104 , or WAN  106 . In one or more embodiments, portable device  112  may comprise one or more components of computer device  114 . For example, portable device  112  may be include a display  116 , image-capturing device  118 , and/or one or more data acquisition devices, such as any of the I/O devices  116 - 122  discussed above, with or without additional components, so as to comprise a mobile terminal. 
     a. Illustrative Apparel/Accessory Sensors 
     In certain embodiments, I/O devices may be formed within or otherwise associated with user&#39;s  124  clothing or accessories, including a watch, armband, wristband, necklace, shirt, shoe, or the like. These devices may be configured to monitor athletic movements of a user. It is to be understood that they may detect athletic movement during user&#39;s  124  interactions with computer device  114  and/or operate independently of computer device  114  (or any other device disclosed herein). For example, one or more devices in BAN  102  may be configured to function as an all-day activity monitor that measures activity regardless of the user&#39;s proximity or interactions with computer device  114 . It is to be further understood that the sensory system  302  shown in  FIG. 3  and the device assembly  400  shown in  FIG. 4 , each of which are described in the following paragraphs, are merely illustrative examples. 
     i. Shoe-Mounted Device 
     In certain embodiments, device  126  shown in  FIG. 1 , may comprise footwear which may include one or more sensors, including but not limited to those disclosed herein and/or known in the art.  FIG. 3  illustrates one example embodiment of a sensor system  302  providing one or more sensor assemblies  304 . Assembly  304  may comprise one or more sensors, such as for example, an accelerometer, gyroscope, location-determining components, force sensors and/or or any other sensor disclosed herein or known in the art. In the illustrated embodiment, assembly  304  incorporates a plurality of sensors, which may include force-sensitive resistor (FSR) sensors  306 ; however, other sensor(s) may be utilized. Port  308  may be positioned within a sole structure  309  of a shoe, and is generally configured for communication with one or more electronic devices. Port  308  may optionally be provided to be in communication with an electronic module  310 , and the sole structure  309  may optionally include a housing  311  or other structure to receive the module  310 . The sensor system  302  may also include a plurality of leads  312  connecting the FSR sensors  306  to the port  308 , to enable communication with the module  310  and/or another electronic device through the port  308 . Module  310  may be contained within a well or cavity in a sole structure of a shoe, and the housing  311  may be positioned within the well or cavity. In one embodiment, at least one gyroscope and at least one accelerometer are provided within a single housing, such as module  310  and/or housing  311 . In at least a further embodiment, one or more sensors are provided that, when operational, are configured to provide directional information and angular rate data. The port  308  and the module  310  include complementary interfaces  314 ,  316  for connection and communication. 
     In certain embodiments, at least one force-sensitive resistor  306  shown in  FIG. 3  may contain first and second electrodes or electrical contacts  318 ,  320  and a force-sensitive resistive material  322  disposed between the electrodes  318 ,  320  to electrically connect the electrodes  318 ,  320  together. When pressure is applied to the force-sensitive material  322 , the resistivity and/or conductivity of the force-sensitive material  322  changes, which changes the electrical potential between the electrodes  318 ,  320 . The change in resistance can be detected by the sensor system  302  to detect the force applied on the sensor  316 . The force-sensitive resistive material  322  may change its resistance under pressure in a variety of ways. For example, the force-sensitive material  322  may have an internal resistance that decreases when the material is compressed. Further embodiments may utilize “volume-based resistance”, which may be implemented through “smart materials.” As another example, the material  322  may change the resistance by changing the degree of surface-to-surface contact, such as between two pieces of the force sensitive material  322  or between the force sensitive material  322  and one or both electrodes  318 ,  320 . In some circumstances, this type of force-sensitive resistive behavior may be described as “contact-based resistance.” 
     ii. Wrist-Worn Device 
     As shown in  FIG. 4 , device  400  (which may resemble or comprise sensory device  128  shown in  FIG. 1 ), may be configured to be worn by user  124 , such as around a wrist, arm, ankle, neck or the like. Device  400  may include an input mechanism, such as a depressible input button  402  configured to be used during operation of the device  400 . The input button  402  may be operably connected to a controller  404  and/or any other electronic components, such as one or more of the elements discussed in relation to computer device  114  shown in  FIG. 1 . Controller  404  may be embedded or otherwise part of housing  406 . Housing  406  may be formed of one or more materials, including elastomeric components and comprise one or more displays, such as display  408 . The display may be considered an illuminable portion of the device  400 . The display  408  may include a series of individual lighting elements or light members such as LED lights  410 . The lights may be formed in an array and operably connected to the controller  404 . Device  400  may include an indicator system  412 , which may also be considered a portion or component of the overall display  408 . Indicator system  412  can operate and illuminate in conjunction with the display  408  (which may have pixel member  414 ) or completely separate from the display  408 . The indicator system  412  may also include a plurality of additional lighting elements or light members, which may also take the form of LED lights in an exemplary embodiment. In certain embodiments, indicator system may provide a visual indication of goals, such as by illuminating a portion of lighting members of indicator system  412  to represent accomplishment towards one or more goals. Device  400  may be configured to display data expressed in terms of activity points or currency earned by the user based on the activity of the user, either through display  408  and/or indicator system  412 . 
     A fastening mechanism  416  can be disengaged wherein the device  400  can be positioned around a wrist or portion of the user  124  and the fastening mechanism  416  can be subsequently placed in an engaged position. In one embodiment, fastening mechanism  416  may comprise an interface, including but not limited to a USB port, for operative interaction with computer device  114  and/or devices, such as devices  120  and/or  112 . In certain embodiments, fastening member may comprise one or more magnets. In one embodiment, fastening member may be devoid of moving parts and rely entirely on magnetic forces. 
     In certain embodiments, device  400  may comprise a sensor assembly (not shown in  FIG. 4 ). The sensor assembly may comprise a plurality of different sensors, including those disclosed herein and/or known in the art. In an example embodiment, the sensor assembly may comprise or permit operative connection to any sensor disclosed herein or known in the art. Device  400  and or its sensor assembly may be configured to receive data obtained from one or more external sensors. 
     iii. Apparel and/or Body Location Sensing 
     Element  130  of  FIG. 1  shows an example sensory location which may be associated with a physical apparatus, such as a sensor, data acquisition unit, or other device. Yet in other embodiments, it may be a specific location of a body portion or region that is monitored, such as via an image capturing device (e.g., image capturing device  118 ). In certain embodiments, element  130  may comprise a sensor, such that elements  130   a  and  130   b  may be sensors integrated into apparel, such as athletic clothing. Such sensors may be placed at any desired location of the body of user  124 . Sensors  130   a/b  may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more devices (including other sensors) of BAN  102 , LAN  104 , and/or WAN  106 . In certain embodiments, passive sensing surfaces may reflect waveforms, such as infrared light, emitted by image-capturing device  118  and/or sensor  120 . In one embodiment, passive sensors located on user&#39;s  124  apparel may comprise generally spherical structures made of glass or other transparent or translucent surfaces which may reflect waveforms. Different classes of apparel may be utilized in which a given class of apparel has specific sensors configured to be located proximate to a specific portion of the user&#39;s  124  body when properly worn. For example, golf apparel may include one or more sensors positioned on the apparel in a first configuration and yet soccer apparel may include one or more sensors positioned on apparel in a second configuration. 
       FIG. 5  shows illustrative locations for sensory input (see, e.g., sensory locations  130   a - 130   o ). In this regard, sensors may be physical sensors located on/in a user&#39;s clothing, yet in other embodiments, sensor locations  130   a - 130   o  may be based upon identification of relationships between two moving body parts. For example, sensor location  130   a  may be determined by identifying motions of user  124  with an image-capturing device, such as image-capturing device  118 . Thus, in certain embodiments, a sensor may not physically be located at a specific location (such as one or more of sensor locations  130   a - 130   o ), but is configured to sense properties of that location, such as with image-capturing device  118  or other sensor data gathered from other locations. In this regard, the overall shape or portion of a user&#39;s body may permit identification of certain body parts. Regardless of whether an image-capturing device is utilized and/or a physical sensor located on the user  124 , and/or using data from other devices, (such as sensory system  302 ), device assembly  400  and/or any other device or sensor disclosed herein or known in the art is utilized, the sensors may sense a current location of a body part and/or track movement of the body part. In one embodiment, sensory data relating to location  130   m  may be utilized in a determination of the user&#39;s center of gravity (a.k.a, center of mass). For example, relationships between location  130   a  and location(s)  130   f / 130   l  with respect to one or more of location(s)  130   m - 130   o  may be utilized to determine if a user&#39;s center of gravity has been elevated along the vertical axis (such as during a jump) or if a user is attempting to “fake” a jump by bending and flexing their knees. In one embodiment, sensor location  1306   n  may be located at about the sternum of user  124 . Likewise, sensor location  130   o  may be located approximate to the naval of user  124 . In certain embodiments, data from sensor locations  130   m - 130   o  may be utilized (alone or in combination with other data) to determine the center of gravity for user  124 . In further embodiments, relationships between multiple sensor locations, such as sensors  130   m - 130   o , may be utilized in determining orientation of the user  124  and/or rotational forces, such as twisting of user&#39;s  124  torso. Further, one or more locations, such as location(s), may be utilized as (or approximate) a center of moment location. For example, in one embodiment, one or more of location(s)  130   m - 130   o  may serve as a point for a center of moment location of user  124 . In another embodiment, one or more locations may serve as a center of moment of specific body parts or regions. 
     Transmitting Athletic Data 
     Aspects of innovations disclosed herein relate to using an altered discovery and/or authentication beacon to transmit sensed data. The sensed data may comprise or consist of athletic data. In one embodiment, the discovery and/or authentication beacon is configured to link or pair two devices and not transmit sensed data, however, is altered to permit the transmission of substantially real-time identification and/or athletic data without a second device that receives the beacon to be linked or otherwise paired. 
     Further aspects of this disclosure relate to utilizing a discovery beacon in relation to social athletic functions. In certain embodiments, embodiments may utilize a discovery authentication signal to transmit athletic data such that athletic data from a plurality of similar devices may be used. In certain embodiments, the discovery authentication signal may be used while the fitness device is a “non-connected” state, such as the device is not successfully paired with a local device while transmitting athletic data utilizing the discovery authentication signal. In yet, another embodiment, the fitness device may be operatively connected to and actively paired with at least one device, however, is still transmitting the discovery authentication signal that is detected by a second device. As such, with respect to the second device, the wireless signal comprising the discovery authentication signal is essentially performing non-connected advertising. For example, in one embodiment, a fitness device may be actively paired to a user&#39;s mobile device, such as a mobile phone, while also transmitting out a discovery authentication signal. In certain embodiments, one or more portions of the discovery authentication signal may be altered, augments or otherwise changed. 
     In one embodiment, a fitness device, such as one worn or in operative communication with a user, may be wirelessly connected to a mobile device, such as a phone to transmit and/or receive electronic information, however, still advertise out the beacon to other devices. In various embodiments, this may solve problems relating to special hardware being required for hosting multiple connections simultaneously. In various embodiments, a third party may determine which of a plurality of advertised beacons to display or transmit to one or more individuals. For example, a manager of a leaderboard, a trainer, coach, or other individual may possess some control on what advertised data he/she shows and how. Thus, certain embodiments relate to a unique implementation of a non-connectable advertising data transfer system and a system of utilizing data by a third person or system. One example implementation may allow a teacher or coach showing the class or other plurality of individuals a change of work rate to one&#39;s normal work rate in doing the class or some other way to equalize individuals against one another so a plurality of individuals can attempt to try reaching a common “goal” that seems reachable by all. 
     Aspects of this disclosure relate to systems and methods that allow multiple users, which may be physically proximate to each other, e.g., in a work out class, school, defined area, etc. or remote (e.g., such as virtually connected via a wired or wireless video capable link or wireless link that allows the transfer of information), to socially engage other user&#39;s during the performance of athletic activity. In certain embodiments, at least two of the users may have a fitness device capable of measuring athletic activities. One or more of the fitness devices may utilize one or more of the sensors disclosed herein. One or more of the devices may be capable of communicating over a wireless or contactless communication interface, such as an interface for Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, near-field communication, RFID, Bluetooth Low Energy, Zigbee, or other wireless communication technique, or an interface for infrared or other optical communication technique. The fitness devices may be configured to utilize a specific transmission protocol that requires pairing or otherwise authenticating at least one device in the communication pathway (e.g., Bluetooth). The fitness device(s) may be configured to transmit a discovery beacon that is configured to transmit the identification of the fitness device configured to be received by a second device, such that the beacon allows the second device detect the presence of the fitness device. In one embodiment, a specific make and model of a fitness device may have a universal beacon. For example, a 2nd generation Nike Fuelband may transmit an authentication discovery beacon consisting of “FB2” whereas a first generation Nike Fuelband may transmit a beacon consisting of “FB1”. Those skilled in the art will realize that any identification that may be used in the authentication/discovery of the fitness device may be utilized. As such, any alphanumeric string, such as 033007CRG, may be utilized within the scope of this disclosure. A second manufacturer of a fitness device may use one or more beacons for distributed fitness devices. Again, such beacons may be configured to allow the discovery/identification of the fitness device to a second device for pairing purposes. In certain embodiments, the sole function of the function of the beacon is to allow the discovery/identification of the fitness device for linking or pairing purposes. 
     Proximity Pairing Examples 
     As indicated above, aspects of this disclosure relate to utilizing a discovery beacon in relation to social athletic functions. In certain embodiments, embodiments may utilize a discovery authentication signal to transmit athletic data such that athletic data from a plurality of similar devices may be used. In certain embodiments, the discovery authentication signal may be used while the fitness device is a “non-connected” state, such as the device is not successfully paired with a local device while transmitting athletic data utilizing the discovery authentication signal. In yet, another embodiment, the fitness device may be operatively connected to and actively paired with at least one device, however, is still transmitting the discovery authentication signal that is detected by a second device. As such, with respect to the second device, the wireless signal comprising the discovery authentication signal is essentially performing non-connected advertising. For example, in one embodiment, a fitness device may be actively paired to a user&#39;s mobile device, such as a mobile phone, while also transmitting out a discovery authentication signal. In certain embodiments, one or more portions of the discovery authentication signal may be altered, augments or otherwise changed. 
     In further embodiments, the discovery authentication signal comprises a unique identifying signal may be alternatively utilized, either in conjunction with or instead of a common identifying signal. In one embodiment, which is described below, a common string may be replaced or altered to provide a unique string. In one embodiment, a signal may comprise a common identifying string (e.g., FB2) as well as a unique global identifier (e.g., 090310SPG vs. 110775SPG). An example of a unique global identifier may be similar or the same as the 48-bit unique identifier imprinted for each Bluetooth radio. 
     Systems and methods may be utilized to use obtain electronic information and/or identify specific devices among a plurality of like devices, such as devices that have a common default discovery authentication signal. For example, one or more users in a class may be utilizing the same make and model of a fitness device. The fitness devices may have limited user interfaces. For example, certain devices may only have a single light or tactile ability. Those with limited UI or feedback abilities generally may present a challenge when attempting to identify a single device in the presence of other similar or identical fitness devices. 
     In accordance with one embodiment, a known discovery token for an un-imprinted device may be obtained. The discovery token may be stored in one or more computer-readable mediums, including those shown and described in relation to  FIGS. 1-4 . A first device, such as a mobile device may comprise a processor and a non-transitory computer-readable medium including computer-executable instructions causes the processor to perform one or more routines, processes or steps. In one embodiment, an “app” may quickly identify un-imprinted fitness devices within a proximity. In one embodiment, only fitness devices having a predefined name may be presented to the user of the device. In further embodiments, imprinted devices may be filtered out. In accordance with one embodiment, upon imprinting, the discovery token will be changed to a value unique to the specific device and/or user of the device. 
     In one embodiment, authentication and/or a pairing process may occur, either prior to or as part of an imprinting process.  FIG. 6  is a flowchart of one exemplary embodiment that may be used to implement proximity pairing in accordance with one or more implementations according to various embodiments in which information and actions between “Fitness Device” and a “Mobile Device” is provided. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that “mobile device” is merely an example, and as such any device comprising at least one processor and a memory may be utilized in accordance with this disclosure. Further, in certain embodiments, a mobile device may comprise a proximity pairing module, which may comprise software and/or hardware components. In one embodiment, a mobile device is configured to include computer-executable instructions that when executed initiate an “app” of set of instructions that, when executed by a processor, perform one or more of the actions or transfer of information discussed in accordance with  FIG. 6  (as well as others). 
     In accordance with one embodiment, one or more un-imprinted fitness devices may be detected. In one embodiment, the fitness devices may be discovered via an advertising beacon (e.g. see  602 ). The advertising beacon may be configured to serve as a discovery authentication beacon. In one embodiment, the beacon may consist of a discovery authentication beacon. Computer-executable instructions may be executed to cause a UI, such instructions on a non-transitory medium on the mobile device, to instruct a user to move their fitness device within a set proximity to the device. In one embodiment, the distance may be less than 1 ft. In yet another embodiment, it may be as close as the user can physically space the two fitness device to the device. 
     A selection process configured to select the intended fitness device may occur (see, e.g.,  604 ). In one possible implementation, the app (or module on the mobile device) may then filter the list of detected devices meeting the criteria (e.g., un-imprinted devices) such as by RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) and build an internal list based on those fitness devices having a strong signal. This threshold may be set by one or more criteria, and in certain embodiments, user defined. In certain embodiments, once an internal list of un-imprinted devices is created, it may attempt connection with the fitness device on the listing associated with the highest RSSI. Upon connection, a command may be transmitted to the connected fitness device to cause it to output a signal, such as via one of its (albeit limited) UI or feedback mechanisms, such as via flashing light, making a sound or a vibration. In one embodiment, this may be referred to as a “Locate Device” command. In one embodiment, the Locate Device command may cause blinking of an LED in a particular pattern. The app may then ask the user if their device is blinking. (see, e.g.,  606 ). 
     Various embodiments require or otherwise permit the receipt of a user input relating to the state of the fitness device (see, e.g.,  608 ). For example, if a user input is indicative of the affirmative (e.g., lights are blinking at the predefined rate or pattern), then imprinting may proceed in certain embodiments. (see, e.g.,  610 ). If a user input is indicative of a negative response (e.g., the user provides an input indicating that the specific device is not outputting a specific output signal), the app may cease instructions configured to blink the current device, disconnect and connect to a device with the next highest RSSI and ask the user if their device is now blinking. This process may be repeated until a user input is in the affirmative and/or the list of devices is exhausted. 
     Imprinting Fitness Device Examples 
     In one embodiment, imprinting may occur.  FIG. 7  is a flowchart of one exemplary embodiment that may be used to implement an imprinting protocol in accordance with one or more implementations according to various embodiments in which information and actions between a “Fitness Device”, a “Mobile Device” and a “Server” is provided. As discussed above with reference to  FIG. 6 , those skilled in the art will appreciate that “mobile device” is merely an example, and as such any device comprising at least one processor and a memory may be utilized in accordance with this disclosure. Further, in certain embodiments, a mobile device may comprise a proximity pairing module, which may comprise software and/or hardware components. In one embodiment, a mobile device is configured to include computer-executable instructions that when executed initiate an “app” of set of instructions that, when executed by a processor, perform one or more of the actions or transfer of information discussed in accordance with  FIG. 7  (as well as others). Likewise, reference to a “Server” may include any proximate or remote computing device having at least a processor and a non-transitory computer-readable medium. 
     In accordance with one embodiment, one or more un-imprinted fitness devices may be detected. In one embodiment, the fitness devices may be discovered via an advertising beacon (e.g. see  702 , which in certain embodiments may be identical or comprise one or more processes similar to  602 ). The advertising beacon may be configured to serve as a discovery authentication beacon. In one embodiment, the beacon may consist of a discovery authentication beacon. Computer-executable instructions may be executed to cause a UI, such instructions on a non-transitory medium on the mobile device, to instruct a user to log into an app, service, or virtual address (such as for example, a URL), such as shown graphically with reference  704  of  FIG. 7 . Either based upon the reception of a signal, such as via  702  and/or the user successfully being granted entry to the service, system, app, site, and/or address, such as represented by reference  704  of  FIG. 7 , the mobile device and the fitness device may be paired. 
     In certain embodiments, the Mobile Device (or a module operating in association with the Mobile Device) may transmit a request for a new identification from the site, service, site, address, etc. For example, it may be a “Platform ID”. (e.g., see reference  708 ). It may be requested from the “Server”. The Server, in turn, may provide the requested ID (e.g., the “Platform” ID) to the device (e.g., reference  710 ). The mobile device may request an authentication key for the fitness device (e.g., reference  712 ), which may be transmitted as part of illustrated process  714 . 
     The mobile device, or portions thereof, may then create a new Discovery Token or other beacon that is different than the Discovery Token or beacon of  702  (e.g., see, arrow  716 ). The creation of the Discovery Token/beacon may be based on the on user credentials or information known to the service, site, app, address, etc. of reference  704 . The creation of the Token/beacon may be performed entirely without the Fitness Device. 
     The user may be prompted, such as with a UI provided on the Mobile Device, to provide physiological, athletic, and/or demographic information. In one embodiment, the user may be prompted to provide one or all of: gender, height, weight, and their estimated or known resting heart rate. (e.g., see arrow  718 ). This and/or other user information may be transmitted to the Fitness Device (e.g., arrow  720 ), which may be followed by an acknowledgement signal (e.g., ACK message of arrow  722 ). The ID (e.g., Platform ID of  710 ) may also be transmitted to the Fitness Device (e.g., arrow  724 ), and an acknowledgement message may be received responsive thereto (e.g., arrow  726 ). An authentication key (e.g., Authentication Key of  712 / 714 ) may be transmitted to the Fitness Device (e.g., arrow  728 ), which may be followed by an acknowledgement signal (e.g.,  730 ). The Discovery Token (such as the one created by the Mobile Device in arrow  716 ) may be set in the Fitness Device (see, e.g., arrow  732 ), which may be acknowledged with a message (e.g., arrow  724 ). Setting the Discovery Token at arrow  732  may completely erase or otherwise render unusable the prior Discovery Token on the Fitness Device, yet in other embodiments, it may be temporary. In one embodiment, the Discovery Token set at arrow  732  may auto-expire upon lapsing of time and/or meeting of one or more other conditions. In yet another embodiment, a user input may be required to remove or otherwise replace the Discovery Token of  732 . In further embodiments, imprinting may be finalized (e.g., arrow  736 ), which may be acknowledged in a message (see, e.g., arrow  738 ), thus resulting in the Fitness Device being imprinted. 
     In certain embodiments, it may be critical that an authentication key and a discovery token are committed to non-volatile memory nearly simultaneously, such as within a finite threshold time frame. If there is any disruption in communication that results in only one of these values being correctly written to memory, the imprinting process may have presumed to have failed. At this point, the Fitness Device may be in one of two error states. If the Advertising Token was written but the Authentication key was not, the fitness device may incorrectly advertise and be incorrectly recognized as an imprinted device. Thus, the app may attempt to authenticate with the user&#39;s authentication key, and authentication will fail. If the Authentication key was written and the Discovery token was not, the fitness device may appear as an un-imprinted device. The app may attempt to connect and authenticate using the default authentication key. The fitness device may use the written user&#39;s authentication key during the process and authentication will fail. 
     Systems and methods may mitigate imprint failure according to novel implementations. In one embodiment, to minimize the exposure to this issue, a Discovery Token and Authentication Key may be held in volatile memory until acknowledgement that the imprinting is successful. In one embodiment, a “Finalize Imprinting” command is received. Upon receiving the Finalize Imprinting command, firmware may write the Discovery Token and Authentication keys to non-volatile memory. Firmware may then return an ACK for the received command. 
     As discussed, the process depicted in  FIG. 6  and/or  FIG. 7  may be utilized for any type of electronic device (e.g., portable electronic device  112 , shoe-mounted device  126 , wrist-worn device  128 / 400 , sensing location  130 , sensor system  302 , among others) associated with a mobile app. By way of an example,  FIG. 8  depicts an athletic band  820  with a removable module  830 . 
     According to some aspects, the band  820  is configured to be secured against the user&#39;s skin or clothing. In one embodiment, the band is configured to be an armband, however, may be configured as a wristband, waistband, or other configuration. In one embodiment, the band  820  is configured to be worn between the user&#39;s elbow and wrist. In another embodiment, the band is configured to be worn in a location between the elbow and the shoulder. 
     In the depicted embodiment, the band  820  includes a tubular body  821  defining a central passage  822 , such that the user&#39;s arm is received through the passage  822  and the tubular body  821  wraps around the arm. The tubular body  821  is somewhat frusto-conical in shape in the embodiment shown, with a wider end  923  configured to be positioned closer to the elbow, and an opposite narrower end  824  configured to be positioned closer to the wrist, where the arm is typically smaller. The frusto-conical shape of the tubular body  821  may assist in resisting slipping of the band  820  when worn on the user&#39;s forearm during activity. In other embodiments, a similarly structured band  820  may be configured to be worn elsewhere on the body. For example, the band  820  may be configured to be worn elsewhere on the arm, such as on the upper arm, the wrist, the hand, etc. As another example, the band  820  may be configured to wrap around a different body part of the user, such as various locations on the leg, neck, torso, head, etc. It is understood that the dimensions and contours of the band  820  may be adjusted for wrapping around different body parts. 
     According to some aspects, the band  820  includes a pocket  840  attached to, or formed integrally with, the band  820 , configured to retain an electronic module  830 . In this regard, the band may form a seal or other surface around a portion of the user&#39;s skin in a manner that distributes forces such that at least a portion of the band  820  is held against the user&#39;s skin with a less force per unit area compared to any surface of an electronic module  830  held in the pocket  840  is pressed against the skin when the user is wearing the band  820 . The module  830  held against the user&#39;s skin may act as sensor during physical activity of the user and may measure one or more attributes (e.g., physiological, biomedical, athletic, with the understanding that these may be overlapping examples) of a user during physical movements. The pocket  840  may include an outer wall  843  that forms part of the outer surface  828  of the band  820  and an inner wall (not shown) that forms part of the inner surface  827  of the band  820 , with the cavity defined between the walls to receive the module  830 . 
     The outer wall  843  of the pocket is configured to cover the module  830 , and may be configured to permit reading and/or manipulation of the module through the outer wall  843 . For example, the outer wall  843  may include one or more windows  846  to permit viewing of a display of the module  830 . Such a window  846  may be an opening in the outer wall  843  or a transparent or translucent portion that allows viewing of a light or lighted display there through. For example, the outer wall  843  may have a window  846  to permit viewing of a single light, and may additionally or alternately have one or more windows  846  configured to permit viewing of a plurality of LEDs on the module  830  (i.e., a readable display). It is understood that the pocket  840  may have one or more windows  846  configured to be complementary with the structure of the module  830 . 
     As another example, the outer wall  843  may have one or more button portions  847  that are configured to allow manipulation of one or more buttons of the module  830  through the outer wall  843 . It is understood that “buttons” may include mechanical/electrical buttons, a touch-screen interface, or other manually operable components. The button portion  847  may simply be a flexible portion of the outer wall  843  that permits the user to press the button portion  847  to activate the button of the module  830 . In another embodiment, the button portion  847  may have a button mechanism (or mechanisms) that actuate the button(s) of the module  830 . In a further embodiment, the button portion  847  may double as a window  846 , such as if the module  830  has a button with a light on it or if the module  830  has a lighted touch-screen display. The outer wall  843  may further have indicia  847 A, such as indications of the location(s) of the button(s) on the module  830 , logos, instructions, etc. 
     As discussed above with reference to  FIGS. 7 and 8 , the module  830  (as one example of an electronic device  112 ) may be operatively associated with a fitness or other software application (as one example of a mobile app) operating on a mobile phone. In such embodiments, firmware operating on the module  830  may be periodically updated via the fitness or other software. For example, the firmware update may be transferred to module  130  from the mobile app even when the module  130  is being used and/or in a useable mode (at once or, alternatively, in several discrete packets, as discussed), and then subsequently installed when the device is not in use after user input is received at the mobile app indicating that the firmware should be updated. 
     Athletic Data Aggregation Example 
     Aggregating fitness data, such as from a plurality of devices, has historically been difficult. In group settings (either virtual or physical), when a session, class or event is about to be initiated, players, instructors, coaches, trainers and/or other individuals often don&#39;t have the time, inclination or patience to individually set up or confirm each participant has an operating and properly-configured fitness device that can transmit athletic data. In this regard, instructors often have defined time slots within a workout room, and as such, they don&#39;t have the time to coordinate electronic equipment synchronization and/or serve as a mobile IT department. 
       FIG. 9  shows a prior art attempt to address this issue. As seen in  FIG. 9 , a plurality of users  902  may each be associated with a fitness device. Prior systems have generally focused on individually connecting fitness devices associated with a plurality of athletes (e.g., athletes  902 ) with a leaderboard or system for aggregating and/or displaying athletic data (e.g., see  904  of  FIG. 9 ). Further, this usually involved requiring the athlete to first disconnect their fitness device from other devices, such as switching the Bluetooth connection from their mobile phone or tablet. For example, Bluetooth protocol only allows a single connection at a time, so the athlete would first have to determine whether the fitness device is connected to their phone or another device, disconnect it, and then determine if it can be successfully connected to the new device. In this regard, user  906  of the plurality of users  902  may be associated with a fitness device that is configured to wireless communication with mobile device  908 . In this regard, the fitness device of user  906  may be paired or in a connected state with mobile device  908  such that the fitness device cannot be simultaneously connected with leaderboard hardware  904 . 
     Other problems include the potential lack of internet service by the gym or other entity proximate to the collection of users (such as an operative connection through internet service provider  910 ), which even if present, may require authentication between the hardware utilized to aggregate and display the data (e.g.,  904 ) and the fitness devices themselves (e.g.,  908 ). Further, authentication between remote platforms (e.g., fitness community platform  912 ) that may be utilized to obtain data about the athletes and/or store the athletic data. Such platforms often require log-in credentials of the athletes, which could be a privacy concern. 
     Aspects of the invention relate to aggregating athletic data. Aggregations may be based upon one or more criteria, such as ranking, proximity, sex, weight, age, athletic attributes, and/or one or more parameters. In certain embodiments, data may be aggregated from a plurality of fitness devices that are each uniquely identified with one or more users. The users may be, for example, users within a specific class, such as a spinning class, players on a team, such as a professional or amateur athletic team, or any other collection of individuals. In certain embodiments, a collection of individuals may be from a virtual class or other arrangement, wherein at least one fitness device is remote from another fitness device, such that the athletes associated with the fitness devices cannot see or hear each other without electronic assistance. In certain embodiments, athletes may be prompted or otherwise to provide authorization for data being collected within the aggregated athletic data. In certain embodiments, the authorization may be respective to a certain location (e.g., gym or playing field, and/or specific times (specific classes or games). 
       FIG. 10  shows an illustrative example of aggregating and outputting athletic data from a plurality of users in accordance with one embodiment. At least one fitness device may be uniquely associated with a user of a plurality of athletes (e.g., athletes  1002 ) with a leaderboard or system for aggregating and/or displaying athletic data (e.g., see  904  of  FIG. 9 ). Unlike prior art systems and methods, there is no requirement that the athlete to first disconnect their fitness device from other devices, such as switching the Bluetooth connection from their mobile phone or tablet to have information received by leaderboard hardware  1004 . In this regard, the connection status of the wireless protocol with respect to a second device is irrelevant for the leaderboard hardware  1004  receiving athletic device from the same wireless protocol in a non-connected state. For example, user  1006  of the plurality of users  902  may retain or otherwise establish a direct connection with a mobile device, such as mobile device  906 . For example, as one example, the Bluetooth protocol only allows a single connection at a time, however, according to novel aspects; the user will not have to disconnect it to transmit data to the leaderboard hardware  104  using wireless signals of the same protocol (see, e.g., reference numeral  1008 ). In certain embodiments, the fitness device of user  906  may be paired or in a connected state with mobile device  908  such that the fitness device cannot be simultaneously connected with leaderboard hardware  904 , but nonetheless, the leaderboard hardware  1004  can receive athletic data from the same protocol from the fitness device. 
     In one embodiment, aggregated data may be electronically analyzed and at least a portion of the raw data and/or processed data may be displayed to the athletes. As one example, one or more fitness devices may be configured to enter a “Leaderboard” mode.  FIG. 11  shows flowchart  1100  that may be implemented to aggregate and/or output (e.g. display) athletic activity data obtained from a plurality of different fitness devices. In one embodiment, one or more fitness devices (each of which may be associated with different athletes) may be configured to have a mode in which the Fitness Device can “broadcast” a configurable set of data about a user&#39;s workout (or collection of athletic data from an event, session, game, etc. directly via a wireless protocol to a central device in a group setting during performance of the athletic activity from which the data is collected. For example, a fitness device may be powered on (e.g., block  1102 ) and proceed to decision  1104  which may determine if an “always on” leaderboard mode may be enabled. As one example, if a specific user usually attends a class or group workouts, certain embodiments, may have the ability to have the beacon (or specific information included within the beacon) “Always On” or active in one or more locations, time frames, etc. In certain embodiments, block  1106  may be implemented to initiate non-connected advertising. Advertising of data may be conducted according to configuration settings. In this regard, a session may be initiated and would not affect advertising modes of the wireless protocol. If decision  1104  is in the negative, certain embodiments, may initiate or otherwise perform one or more processes incorporating block  1108 . In one embodiment, block  1108  may be used to allow connection to the fitness device, such as by the mobile device to make configuration settings pertaining to the Leaderboard.  FIG. 12  shows an example UI that may be implemented, such as on a mobile device, that allows a user to set on or more variables in relation to what information is transmitted in one or more beacons. In this regard, the UI can permit settings in relation to: a user name, whether the mode is enabled, whether the mode is “always on”, as well as attributes such as heart rate, energy expenditure, elapsed time, and combinations thereof. In various embodiments, portions of block  1108  may be performed through a UI on the fitness device. In various embodiments, block  1110  may be implemented to permit the user to enable the Leaderboard function or mode, for example the mobile device UI or fitness device UI. Non-connectable advertising may be initiated following block  1108  and/or  1110  and block  1106  may commence. 
     The central device may collect data from all participants in the group activity (or those meeting at least one criterion (e.g., proximity, authorization provided, athletic activity above a threshold). One or more data points (either raw or processes) may be displayed, such as for example, on a “Leaderboard” for the users, instructors, and/or third parties to see. In accordance with various embodiments, the mode does not require a connection between the Fitness Devices and the Leaderboard. 
     In accordance with various embodiments, athletic fitness devices can each utilize an advertisement beacon in such a way that a second device (e.g. a server hosting the leaderboard, which hereinafter may be referred to the leaderboard) may read data from the fitness devices without establishing a connection with the fitness device. In one embodiment, the fitness device may be broadcasting the athlete&#39;s athletic activity data while the leaderboard is configured to listen for this broadcast from a plurality of devices, which may be based upon one or more criterion. In certain embodiments, all the data necessary for an expected user experience may be broadcasted directly from their associated fitness device to the leaderboard. 
     In one embodiment, it may be determined whether the fitness device is connected to the mobile device (such as configured to exchange electronic information with an app operating on the mobile device), such as via decision  1112 . If not, in one embodiment, the fitness device may be configured to either multiplex connectable advertising packets in between non-connectable advertising packets or support a connection attempt in some other manner (see, e.g.,  1114 ). In one such embodiment, this may return the process to block  1106 . 
     In various embodiments, even after the beacon has been established, one or more user inputs, either local or remote, may be used to activate or deactivate transmission of the beacon. This may be beneficial for example to protect the privacy of Fitness Device users and to minimize the battery drain. In certain embodiments, users or third parties, either directly or indirectly, may be able to select what data is broadcasted. In yet other embodiments, if a specific usually attends a class or group workouts, certain embodiments, may have the ability to have the beacon (or specific information included within the beacon) “Always On” or active in one or more locations, time frames, etc. 
     It may be determined that a session has ended or that it was not started, and in response, certain embodiments may determine whether to change to a different power setting (e.g., standby) and/or power down (see, decision  1116 ). If not, certain embodiments may proceed to advertise data based on configuration settings (e.g., implement block  1106 ). If, however, decision  1116  is in the affirmative, block  1116  may be implemented to turn leaderboard.