Patent Publication Number: US-2023164875-A1

Title: Bandwidth parts deactivation and discontinuous reception for communication between wireless devices

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to bandwidth parts (BWPs) deactivation and discontinuous reception (DRX) for communication between wireless devices. 
     BACKGROUND 
     3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long-term evolution (LTE) is a technology for enabling high-speed packet communications. Many schemes have been proposed for the LTE objective including those that aim to reduce user and provider costs, improve service quality, and expand and improve coverage and system capacity. The 3GPP LTE requires reduced cost per bit, increased service availability, flexible use of a frequency band, a simple structure, an open interface, and adequate power consumption of a terminal as an upper-level requirement. 
     Work has started in international telecommunication union (ITU) and 3GPP to develop requirements and specifications for new radio (NR) systems. 3GPP has to identify and develop the technology components needed for successfully standardizing the new RAT timely satisfying both the urgent market needs, and the more long-term requirements set forth by the ITU radio communication sector (ITU-R) international mobile telecommunications (IMT)-2020 process. Further, the NR should be able to use any spectrum band ranging at least up to 100 GHz that may be made available for wireless communications even in a more distant future. 
     The NR targets a single technical framework addressing all usage scenarios, requirements and deployment scenarios including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type-communications (mMTC), ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC), etc. The NR shall be inherently forward compatible. 
     Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is the passing of information from a vehicle to any entity that may affect the vehicle, and vice versa. It is a vehicular communication system that incorporates other more specific types of communication as vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P), vehicle-to-device (V2D) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G). 
     SUMMARY 
     An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a method and apparatus for deactivating sidelink bandwidth parts (BWPs) in order to perform random access procedure on uplink BWPs. 
     Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a method and apparatus for monitoring a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carrying a sidelink (SL) grant during an active time considering a sidelink HARQ feedback, especially in a case that the sidelink HARQ feedback is disabled. 
     In an aspect, a method performed by a first wireless device operating in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes starting a discontinuous (DRX) hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) round trip time (RTT) timer for a HARQ process ID after end of a specific repetition of transmission of a media access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU), starting a DRX retransmission timer based on 1) the DRX HARQ RTT timer being expired, and 2) a number of transmissions of the MAC PDU not reaching a maximum number of transmissions, and monitoring a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carrying a sidelink (SL) retransmission grant during an active time including a time interval for which the DRX retransmission timer is running. 
     In another aspect, a method performed by a network node operating in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes transmitting, to a wireless device, a sidelink retransmission grant during an active time including a time interval for which a discontinuous reception (DRX) retransmission timer is running. The DRX retransmission timer starts based on 1) a DRX hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) round trip time (RTT) timer for a HARQ process ID being expired, and 2) a number of transmissions of a media access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) not reaching a maximum number of transmission. The DRX HARQ RTT timer for the HARQ process ID starts after end of a specific repetition of transmission of the MAC PDU. 
     In another aspect, apparatuses for implementing the above methods are provided. 
     The present disclosure can have various advantageous effects. 
     For example, the start point of the active time for PDCCH monitoring carrying SL grant can be optimized, when sidelink HARQ feedback is disabled. 
     For example, a UE performing UL transmission and SL transmission can properly deactivate SL BWP, in particular when the UE cannot simultaneously perform UL transmission and SL transmission. 
     For example, the system can properly handle deactivation of SL BWP for a UE performing UL transmission and SL transmission. 
     Advantageous effects which can be obtained through specific embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the advantageous effects listed above. For example, there may be a variety of technical effects that a person having ordinary skill in the related art can understand and/or derive from the present disclosure. Accordingly, the specific effects of the present disclosure are not limited to those explicitly described herein, but may include various effects that may be understood or derived from the technical features of the present disclosure. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    shows an example of a communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied. 
         FIG.  2    shows an example of wireless devices to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied. 
         FIG.  3    shows an example of a wireless device to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied. 
         FIG.  4    shows an example of UE to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied. 
         FIGS.  5  and  6    show an example of protocol stacks in a 3GPP based wireless communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied. 
         FIG.  7    shows a frame structure in a 3GPP based wireless communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied. 
         FIG.  8    shows a data flow example in the 3GPP NR system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied. 
         FIG.  9    shows an example of NG-RAN architecture supporting PC5 interface to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied. 
         FIG.  10    shows an example of SUL to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied. 
         FIG.  11    shows an example of a method performed by a first wireless device to which implementation 1 of the present disclosure is applied. 
         FIG.  12    shows an example of a method performed by a network node to which implementation 1 of the present disclosure is applied. 
         FIG.  13    shows an example of SL BWP deactivation to which implementation 2 of the present disclosure is applied. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following techniques, apparatuses, and systems may be applied to a variety of wireless multiple access systems. Examples of the multiple access systems include a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) system, a time division multiple access (TDMA) system, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) system, and a multicarrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA) system. CDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as global system for mobile communications (GSM), general packet radio service (GPRS), or enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE). OFDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). UTRA is a part of a universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS). 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) is a part of evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE employs OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL. Evolution of 3GPP LTE includes LTE-A (advanced), LTE-A Pro, and/or 5G new radio (NR). 
     For convenience of description, implementations of the present disclosure are mainly described in regards to a 3GPP based wireless communication system. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, although the following detailed description is given based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP based wireless communication system, aspects of the present disclosure that are not limited to 3GPP based wireless communication system are applicable to other mobile communication systems. 
     For terms and technologies which are not specifically described among the terms of and technologies employed in the present disclosure, the wireless communication standard documents published before the present disclosure may be referenced. 
     In the present disclosure, “A or B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. In other words, “A or B” in the present disclosure may be interpreted as “A and/or B”. For example, “A, B or C” in the present disclosure may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B and C”. 
     In the present disclosure, slash (/) or comma (,) may mean “and/or”. For example, “A/B” may mean “A and/or B”. Accordingly, “A/B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. For example, “A, B, C” may mean “A, B or C”. 
     In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A”, “only B” or “both A and B”. In addition, the expression “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” in the present disclosure may be interpreted as same as “at least one of A and B”. 
     In addition, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B and C”. In addition, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and/or C” may mean “at least one of A, B and C”. 
     Also, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean “for example”. In detail, when it is shown as “control information (PDCCH)”, “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “control information”. In other words, “control information” in the present disclosure is not limited to “PDCCH”, and “PDDCH” may be proposed as an example of “control information”. In addition, even when shown as “control information (i.e., PDCCH)”, “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “control information”. 
     Technical features that are separately described in one drawing in the present disclosure may be implemented separately or simultaneously. 
     Although not limited thereto, various descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure disclosed herein can be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication and/or connection (e.g., 5G) between devices. 
     Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to drawings. The same reference numerals in the following drawings and/or descriptions may refer to the same and/or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, and/or functional blocks unless otherwise indicated. 
       FIG.  1    shows an example of a communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied. 
     The 5G usage scenarios shown in  FIG.  1    are only exemplary, and the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied to other 5G usage scenarios which are not shown in  FIG.  1   . 
     Three main requirement categories for 5G include (1) a category of enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), (2) a category of massive machine type communication (mMTC), and (3) a category of ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC). 
     Referring to  FIG.  1   , the communication system  1  includes wireless devices  100   a  to  100   f,  base stations (BSs)  200 , and a network  300 . Although  FIG.  1    illustrates a 5G network as an example of the network of the communication system  1 , the implementations of the present disclosure are not limited to the 5G system, and can be applied to the future communication system beyond the 5G system. 
     The BSs  200  and the network  300  may be implemented as wireless devices and a specific wireless device may operate as a BS/network node with respect to other wireless devices. 
     The wireless devices  100   a  to  100   f  represent devices performing communication using radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G new RAT (NR)) or LTE) and may be referred to as communication/radio/5G devices. The wireless devices  100   a  to  100   f  may include, without being limited to, a robot  100   a,  vehicles  100   b - 1  and  100   b - 2 , an extended reality (XR) device  100   c,  a hand-held device  100   d,  a home appliance  100   e,  an IoT device  100   f,  and an artificial intelligence (AI) device/server  400 . For example, the vehicles may include a vehicle having a wireless communication function, an autonomous driving vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing communication between vehicles. The vehicles may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device may include an AR/VR/Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) mounted in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine. The IoT device may include a sensor and a smartmeter. 
     In the present disclosure, the wireless devices  100   a  to  100   f  may be called user equipments (UEs). A UE may include, for example, a cellular phone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcast terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation system, a slate personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle having an autonomous traveling function, a connected car, an UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a FinTech device (or a financial device), a security device, a weather/environment device, a device related to a 5G service, or a device related to a fourth industrial revolution field. 
     The UAV may be, for example, an aircraft aviated by a wireless control signal without a human being onboard. 
     The VR device may include, for example, a device for implementing an object or a background of the virtual world. The AR device may include, for example, a device implemented by connecting an object or a background of the virtual world to an object or a background of the real world. The MR device may include, for example, a device implemented by merging an object or a background of the virtual world into an object or a background of the real world. The hologram device may include, for example, a device for implementing a stereoscopic image of 360 degrees by recording and reproducing stereoscopic information, using an interference phenomenon of light generated when two laser lights called holography meet. 
     The public safety device may include, for example, an image relay device or an image device that is wearable on the body of a user. 
     The MTC device and the IoT device may be, for example, devices that do not require direct human intervention or manipulation. For example, the MTC device and the IoT device may include smartmeters, vending machines, thermometers, smartbulbs, door locks, or various sensors. 
     The medical device may be, for example, a device used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, relieving, curing, or preventing disease. For example, the medical device may be a device used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, relieving, or correcting injury or impairment. For example, the medical device may be a device used for the purpose of inspecting, replacing, or modifying a structure or a function. For example, the medical device may be a device used for the purpose of adjusting pregnancy. For example, the medical device may include a device for treatment, a device for operation, a device for (in vitro) diagnosis, a hearing aid, or a device for procedure. 
     The security device may be, for example, a device installed to prevent a danger that may arise and to maintain safety. For example, the security device may be a camera, a closed-circuit TV (CCTV), a recorder, or a black box. 
     The FinTech device may be, for example, a device capable of providing a financial service such as mobile payment. For example, the FinTech device may include a payment device or a point of sales (POS) system. 
     The weather/environment device may include, for example, a device for monitoring or predicting a weather/environment. 
     The wireless devices  100   a  to  100   f  may be connected to the network  300  via the BSs  200 . An AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices  100   a  to  100   f  and the wireless devices  100   a  to  100   f  may be connected to the AI server  400  via the network  300 . The network  300  may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, and a beyond-5G network. Although the wireless devices  100   a  to  100   f  may communicate with each other through the BSs  200 /network  300 , the wireless devices  100   a  to  100   f  may perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without passing through the BSs  200 /network  300 . For example, the vehicles  100   b - 1  and  100   b - 2  may perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V)/vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). The IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices  100   a  to  100   f.    
     Wireless communication/connections  150   a,    150   b  and  150   c  may be established between the wireless devices  100   a  to  100   f  and/or between wireless device  100   a  to  100   f  and BS  200  and/or between BSs  200 . Herein, the wireless communication/connections may be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink/downlink communication  150   a,  sidelink communication (or device-to-device (D2D) communication)  150   b,  inter-base station communication  150   c  (e.g., relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB)), etc. The wireless devices  100   a  to  100   f  and the BSs  200 /the wireless devices  100   a  to  100   f  may transmit/receive radio signals to/from each other through the wireless communication/connections  150   a,    150   b  and  150   c.  For example, the wireless communication/connections  150   a,    150   b  and  150   c  may transmit/receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least a part of various configuration information configuring processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, and resource mapping/de-mapping), and resource allocating processes, for transmitting/receiving radio signals, may be performed based on the various proposals of the present disclosure. 
     AI refers to the field of studying artificial intelligence or the methodology that can create it, and machine learning refers to the field of defining various problems addressed in the field of AI and the field of methodology to solve them. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that increases the performance of a task through steady experience on a task. 
     Robot means a machine that automatically processes or operates a given task by its own ability. In particular, robots with the ability to recognize the environment and make self-determination to perform actions can be called intelligent robots. Robots can be classified as industrial, medical, home, military, etc., depending on the purpose or area of use. The robot can perform a variety of physical operations, such as moving the robot joints with actuators or motors. The movable robot also includes wheels, brakes, propellers, etc., on the drive, allowing it to drive on the ground or fly in the air. 
     Autonomous driving means a technology that drives on its own, and autonomous vehicles mean vehicles that drive without user&#39;s control or with minimal user&#39;s control. For example, autonomous driving may include maintaining lanes in motion, automatically adjusting speed such as adaptive cruise control, automatic driving along a set route, and automatically setting a route when a destination is set. The vehicle covers vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines, hybrid vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines and electric motors, and electric vehicles equipped with electric motors, and may include trains, motorcycles, etc., as well as cars. Autonomous vehicles can be seen as robots with autonomous driving functions. 
     Extended reality is collectively referred to as VR, AR, and MR. VR technology provides objects and backgrounds of real world only through computer graphic (CG) images. AR technology provides a virtual CG image on top of a real object image. MR technology is a CG technology that combines and combines virtual objects into the real world. MR technology is similar to AR technology in that they show real and virtual objects together. However, there is a difference in that in AR technology, virtual objects are used as complementary forms to real objects, while in MR technology, virtual objects and real objects are used as equal personalities. 
     NR supports multiples numerologies (and/or multiple subcarrier spacings (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, if SCS is 15 kHz, wide area can be supported in traditional cellular bands, and if SCS is 30 kHz/60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth can be supported. If SCS is 60 kHz or higher, bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise. 
     The NR frequency band may be defined as two types of frequency range, i.e., FR 1  and FR 2 . The numerical value of the frequency range may be changed. For example, the frequency ranges of the two types (FR 1  and FR 2 ) may be as shown in Table 1 below. For ease of explanation, in the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR 1  may mean “sub 6 GHz range”, FR 2  may mean “above 6 GHz range,” and may be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW). 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Frequency Range 
                 Corresponding 
                 Subcarrier 
               
               
                 designation 
                 frequency range 
                 Spacing (SCS) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 FR1 
                  450 MHz-6000 MHz 
                  15, 30, 60 kHz 
               
               
                 FR2 
                 24250 MHz-52600 MHz 
                 60, 120, 240 kHz 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As mentioned above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system may be changed. For example, FR 1  may include a frequency band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR 1  may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more. For example, a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more included in FR 1  may include an unlicensed band. Unlicensed bands may be used for a variety of purposes, for example for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving). 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Frequency Range 
                 Corresponding 
                 Subcarrier 
               
               
                 designation 
                 frequency range 
                 Spacing (SCS) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 FR1 
                  410 MHz-7125 MHz 
                  15, 30, 60 kHz 
               
               
                 FR2 
                 24250 MHz-52600 MHz 
                 60, 120, 240 kHz 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Here, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may include narrowband internet-of-things (NB-IoT) technology for low-power communication as well as LTE, NR and 6G. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low power wide area network (LPWAN) technology, may be implemented in specifications such as LTE Cat NB1 and/or LTE Cat NB2, and may not be limited to the above-mentioned names. Additionally and/or alternatively, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may communicate based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and be called by various names such as enhanced machine type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of the various specifications, such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and/or 7) LTE M, and may not be limited to the above-mentioned names. Additionally and/or alternatively, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and/or LPWAN which take into account low-power communication, and may not be limited to the above-mentioned names. For example, ZigBee technology may generate personal area networks (PANs) associated with small/low-power digital communication based on various specifications such as IEEE 802.15.4 and may be called various names. 
       FIG.  2    shows an example of wireless devices to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied. 
     Referring to  FIG.  2   , a first wireless device  100  and a second wireless device  200  may transmit/receive radio signals to/from an external device through a variety of RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). 
     In  FIG.  2   , {the first wireless device  100  and the second wireless device  200 } may correspond to at least one of {the wireless device  100   a  to  100   f  and the BS  200 }, {the wireless device  100   a  to  100   f  and the wireless device  100   a  to  100   f } and/or {the BS  200  and the BS  200 } of  FIG.  1   . 
     The first wireless device  100  may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver  106 , at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip  101 , and/or one or more antennas  108 . 
     The processing chip  101  may include at least one processor, such a processor  102 , and at least one memory, such as a memory  104 . It is exemplarily shown in  FIG.  2    that the memory  104  is included in the processing chip  101 . Additional and/or alternatively, the memory  104  may be placed outside of the processing chip  101 . 
     The processor  102  may control the memory  104  and/or the transceiver  106  and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor  102  may process information within the memory  104  to generate first information/signals and then transmit radio signals including the first information/signals through the transceiver  106 . The processor  102  may receive radio signals including second information/signals through the transceiver  106  and then store information obtained by processing the second information/signals in the memory  104 . 
     The memory  104  may be operably connectable to the processor  102 . The memory  104  may store various types of information and/or instructions. The memory  104  may store a software code  105  which implements instructions that, when executed by the processor  102 , perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code  105  may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor  102 , perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code  105  may control the processor  102  to perform one or more protocols. For example, the software code  105  may control the processor  102  to perform one or more layers of the radio interface protocol. 
     Herein, the processor  102  and the memory  104  may be a part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver  106  may be connected to the processor  102  and transmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas  108 . Each of the transceiver  106  may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver  106  may be interchangeably used with radio frequency (RF) unit(s). In the present disclosure, the first wireless device  100  may represent a communication modem/circuit/chip. 
     The second wireless device  200  may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver  206 , at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip  201 , and/or one or more antennas  208 . 
     The processing chip  201  may include at least one processor, such a processor  202 , and at least one memory, such as a memory  204 . It is exemplarily shown in  FIG.  2    that the memory  204  is included in the processing chip  201 . Additional and/or alternatively, the memory  204  may be placed outside of the processing chip  201 . 
     The processor  202  may control the memory  204  and/or the transceiver  206  and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor  202  may process information within the memory  204  to generate third information/signals and then transmit radio signals including the third information/signals through the transceiver  206 . The processor  202  may receive radio signals including fourth information/signals through the transceiver  106  and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information/signals in the memory  204 . 
     The memory  204  may be operably connectable to the processor  202 . The memory  204  may store various types of information and/or instructions. The memory  204  may store a software code  205  which implements instructions that, when executed by the processor  202 , perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code  205  may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor  202 , perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the software code  205  may control the processor  202  to perform one or more protocols. For example, the software code  205  may control the processor  202  to perform one or more layers of the radio interface protocol. 
     Herein, the processor  202  and the memory  204  may be a part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver  206  may be connected to the processor  202  and transmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas  208 . Each of the transceiver  206  may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver  206  may be interchangeably used with RF unit. In the present disclosure, the second wireless device  200  may represent a communication modem/circuit/chip. 
     Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices  100  and  200  will be described more specifically. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by, without being limited to, one or more processors  102  and  202 . For example, the one or more processors  102  and  202  may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as physical (PHY) layer, media access control (MAC) layer, radio link control (RLC) layer, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, radio resource control (RRC) layer, and service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer). The one or more processors  102  and  202  may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and/or one or more service data unit (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The one or more processors  102  and  202  may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The one or more processors  102  and  202  may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure and provide the generated signals to the one or more transceivers  106  and  206 . The one or more processors  102  and  202  may receive the signals (e.g., baseband signals) from the one or more transceivers  106  and  206  and acquire the PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. 
     The one or more processors  102  and  202  may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. The one or more processors  102  and  202  may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors  102  and  202 . The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software and the firmware or software may be configured to include the modules, procedures, or functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure may be included in the one or more processors  102  and  202  or stored in the one or more memories  104  and  204  so as to be driven by the one or more processors  102  and  202 . The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, commands, and/or a set of commands. 
     The one or more memories  104  and  204  may be connected to the one or more processors  102  and  202  and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and/or commands. The one or more memories  104  and  204  may be configured by read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), electrically erasable programmable read-only memories (EPROMs), flash memories, hard drives, registers, cash memories, computer-readable storage media, and/or combinations thereof. The one or more memories  104  and  204  may be located at the interior and/or exterior of the one or more processors  102  and  202 . The one or more memories  104  and  204  may be connected to the one or more processors  102  and  202  through various technologies such as wired or wireless connection. 
     The one or more transceivers  106  and  206  may transmit user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, to one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers  106  and  206  may receive user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, from one or more other devices. For example, the one or more transceivers  106  and  206  may be connected to the one or more processors  102  and  202  and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, the one or more processors  102  and  202  may perform control so that the one or more transceivers  106  and  206  may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. The one or more processors  102  and  202  may perform control so that the one or more transceivers  106  and  206  may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. 
     The one or more transceivers  106  and  206  may be connected to the one or more antennas  108  and  208  and the one or more transceivers  106  and  206  may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, through the one or more antennas  108  and  208 . In the present disclosure, the one or more antennas  108  and  208  may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). 
     The one or more transceivers  106  and  206  may convert received user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc., from RF band signals into baseband signals in order to process received user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc., using the one or more processors  102  and  202 . The one or more transceivers  106  and  206  may convert the user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc., processed using the one or more processors  102  and  202  from the base band signals into the RF band signals. To this end, the one or more transceivers  106  and  206  may include (analog) oscillators and/or filters. For example, the one or more transceivers  106  and  206  can up-convert OFDM baseband signals to OFDM signals by their (analog) oscillators and/or filters under the control of the one or more processors  102  and  202  and transmit the up-converted OFDM signals at the carrier frequency. The one or more transceivers  106  and  206  may receive OFDM signals at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDM signals into OFDM baseband signals by their (analog) oscillators and/or filters under the control of the one or more processors  102  and  202 . 
     In the implementations of the present disclosure, a UE may operate as a transmitting device in uplink (UL) and as a receiving device in downlink (DL). In the implementations of the present disclosure, a BS may operate as a receiving device in UL and as a transmitting device in DL. Hereinafter, for convenience of description, it is mainly assumed that the first wireless device  100  acts as the UE, and the second wireless device  200  acts as the BS. For example, the processor(s)  102  connected to, mounted on or launched in the first wireless device  100  may be configured to perform the UE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure or control the transceiver(s)  106  to perform the UE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The processor(s)  202  connected to, mounted on or launched in the second wireless device  200  may be configured to perform the BS behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure or control the transceiver(s)  206  to perform the BS behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure. 
     In the present disclosure, a BS is also referred to as a node B (NB), an eNode B (eNB), or a gNB. 
       FIG.  3    shows an example of a wireless device to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied. 
     The wireless device may be implemented in various forms according to a use-case/service (refer to  FIG.  1   ). 
     Referring to  FIG.  3   , wireless devices  100  and  200  may correspond to the wireless devices  100  and  200  of  FIG.  2    and may be configured by various elements, components, units/portions, and/or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices  100  and  200  may include a communication unit  110 , a control unit  120 , a memory unit  130 , and additional components  140 . The communication unit  110  may include a communication circuit  112  and transceiver(s)  114 . For example, the communication circuit  112  may include the one or more processors  102  and  202  of  FIG.  2    and/or the one or more memories  104  and  204  of  FIG.  2   . For example, the transceiver(s)  114  may include the one or more transceivers  106  and  206  of  FIG.  2    and/or the one or more antennas  108  and  208  of  FIG.  2   . The control unit  120  is electrically connected to the communication unit  110 , the memory unit  130 , and the additional components  140  and controls overall operation of each of the wireless devices  100  and  200 . For example, the control unit  120  may control an electric/mechanical operation of each of the wireless devices  100  and  200  based on programs/code/commands/information stored in the memory unit  130 . The control unit  120  may transmit the information stored in the memory unit  130  to the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit  110  through a wireless/wired interface or store, in the memory unit  130 , information received through the wireless/wired interface from the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit  110 . 
     The additional components  140  may be variously configured according to types of the wireless devices  100  and  200 . For example, the additional components  140  may include at least one of a power unit/battery, input/output (I/O) unit (e.g., audio I/O port, video I/O port), a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless devices  100  and  200  may be implemented in the form of, without being limited to, the robot ( 100   a  of  FIG.  1   ), the vehicles ( 100   b - 1  and  100   b - 2  of  FIG.  1   ), the XR device ( 100   c  of  FIG.  1   ), the hand-held device ( 100   d  of  FIG.  1   ), the home appliance ( 100   e  of  FIG.  1   ), the IoT device ( 100   f  of  FIG.  1   ), a digital broadcast terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medicine device, a FinTech device (or a finance device), a security device, a climate/environment device, the AI server/device ( 400  of  FIG.  1   ), the BSs ( 200  of  FIG.  1   ), a network node, etc. The wireless devices  100  and  200  may be used in a mobile or fixed place according to a use-example/service. 
     In  FIG.  3   , the entirety of the various elements, components, units/portions, and/or modules in the wireless devices  100  and  200  may be connected to each other through a wired interface or at least a part thereof may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit  110 . For example, in each of the wireless devices  100  and  200 , the control unit  120  and the communication unit  110  may be connected by wire and the control unit  120  and first units (e.g.,  130  and  140 ) may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit  110 . Each element, component, unit/portion, and/or module within the wireless devices  100  and  200  may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit  120  may be configured by a set of one or more processors. As an example, the control unit  120  may be configured by a set of a communication control processor, an application processor (AP), an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphical processing unit, and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory unit  130  may be configured by a RAM, a DRAM, a ROM, a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof. 
       FIG.  4    shows an example of UE to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied. 
     Referring to  FIG.  4   , a UE  100  may correspond to the first wireless device  100  of  FIG.  2    and/or the wireless device  100  or  200  of  FIG.  3   . 
     A UE  100  includes a processor  102 , a memory  104 , a transceiver  106 , one or more antennas  108 , a power management module  110 , a battery  112 , a display  114 , a keypad  116 , a subscriber identification module (SIM) card  118 , a speaker  120 , and a microphone  122 . 
     The processor  102  may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The processor  102  may be configured to control one or more other components of the UE  100  to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. Layers of the radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor  102 . The processor  102  may include ASIC, other chipset, logic circuit and/or data processing device. The processor  102  may be an application processor. The processor  102  may include at least one of a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a modem (modulator and demodulator). An example of the processor  102  may be found in SNAPDRAGON™ series of processors made by Qualcomm®, EXYNOS™ series of processors made by Samsung®, A series of processors made by Apple®, HELIO™ series of processors made by MediaTek®, ATOM™ series of processors made by Intel® or a corresponding next generation processor. 
     The memory  104  is operatively coupled with the processor  102  and stores a variety of information to operate the processor  102 . The memory  104  may include ROM, RAM, flash memory, memory card, storage medium and/or other storage device. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The modules can be stored in the memory  104  and executed by the processor  102 . The memory  104  can be implemented within the processor  102  or external to the processor  102  in which case those can be communicatively coupled to the processor  102  via various means as is known in the art. 
     The transceiver  106  is operatively coupled with the processor  102 , and transmits and/or receives a radio signal. The transceiver  106  includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver  106  may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals. The transceiver  106  controls the one or more antennas  108  to transmit and/or receive a radio signal. 
     The power management module  110  manages power for the processor  102  and/or the transceiver  106 . The battery  112  supplies power to the power management module  110 . 
     The display  114  outputs results processed by the processor  102 . The keypad  116  receives inputs to be used by the processor  102 . The keypad  116  may be shown on the display  114 . 
     The SIM card  118  is an integrated circuit that is intended to securely store the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) number and its related key, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers on mobile telephony devices (such as mobile phones and computers). It is also possible to store contact information on many SIM cards. 
     The speaker  120  outputs sound-related results processed by the processor  102 . The microphone  122  receives sound-related inputs to be used by the processor  102 . 
       FIGS.  5  and  6    show an example of protocol stacks in a 3GPP based wireless communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied. 
     In particular,  FIG.  5    illustrates an example of a radio interface user plane protocol stack between a UE and a BS and  FIG.  6    illustrates an example of a radio interface control plane protocol stack between a UE and a BS. The control plane refers to a path through which control messages used to manage call by a UE and a network are transported. The user plane refers to a path through which data generated in an application layer, for example, voice data or Internet packet data are transported. Referring to  FIG.  5   , the user plane protocol stack may be divided into Layer  1  (i.e., a PHY layer) and Layer  2 . Referring to  FIG.  6   , the control plane protocol stack may be divided into Layer  1  (i.e., a PHY layer), Layer  2 , Layer  3  (e.g., an RRC layer), and a non-access stratum (NAS) layer. Layer  1 , Layer  2  and Layer  3  are referred to as an access stratum (AS). 
     In the 3GPP LTE system, the Layer  2  is split into the following sublayers: MAC, RLC, and PDCP. In the 3GPP NR system, the Layer  2  is split into the following sublayers: MAC, RLC, PDCP and SDAP. The PHY layer offers to the MAC sublayer transport channels, the MAC sublayer offers to the RLC sublayer logical channels, the RLC sublayer offers to the PDCP sublayer RLC channels, the PDCP sublayer offers to the SDAP sublayer radio bearers. The SDAP sublayer offers to 5G core network quality of service (QoS) flows. 
     In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of the MAC sublayer include: mapping between logical channels and transport channels; multiplexing/de-multiplexing of MAC SDUs belonging to one or different logical channels into/from transport blocks (TB) delivered to/from the physical layer on transport channels; scheduling information reporting; error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) (one HARQ entity per cell in case of carrier aggregation (CA)); priority handling between UEs by means of dynamic scheduling; priority handling between logical channels of one UE by means of logical channel prioritization; padding. A single MAC entity may support multiple numerologies, transmission timings and cells. Mapping restrictions in logical channel prioritization control which numerology(ies), cell(s), and transmission timing(s) a logical channel can use. 
     Different kinds of data transfer services are offered by MAC. To accommodate different kinds of data transfer services, multiple types of logical channels are defined, i.e., each supporting transfer of a particular type of information. Each logical channel type is defined by what type of information is transferred. Logical channels are classified into two groups: control channels and traffic channels. Control channels are used for the transfer of control plane information only, and traffic channels are used for the transfer of user plane information only. Broadcast control channel (BCCH) is a downlink logical channel for broadcasting system control information, paging control channel (PCCH) is a downlink logical channel that transfers paging information, system information change notifications and indications of ongoing public warning service (PWS) broadcasts, common control channel (CCCH) is a logical channel for transmitting control information between UEs and network and used for UEs having no RRC connection with the network, and dedicated control channel (DCCH) is a point-to-point bi-directional logical channel that transmits dedicated control information between a UE and the network and used by UEs having an RRC connection. Dedicated traffic channel (DTCH) is a point-to-point logical channel, dedicated to one UE, for the transfer of user information. A DTCH can exist in both uplink and downlink. In downlink, the following connections between logical channels and transport channels exist: BCCH can be mapped to broadcast channel (BCH); BCCH can be mapped to downlink shared channel (DL-SCH); PCCH can be mapped to paging channel (PCH); CCCH can be mapped to DL-SCH; DCCH can be mapped to DL-SCH; and DTCH can be mapped to DL-SCH. In uplink, the following connections between logical channels and transport channels exist: CCCH can be mapped to uplink shared channel (UL-SCH); DCCH can be mapped to UL-SCH; and DTCH can be mapped to UL-SCH. 
     The RLC sublayer supports three transmission modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged node (AM). The RLC configuration is per logical channel with no dependency on numerologies and/or transmission durations. In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of the RLC sublayer depend on the transmission mode and include: transfer of upper layer PDUs; sequence numbering independent of the one in PDCP (UM and AM); error correction through ARQ (AM only); segmentation (AM and UM) and re-segmentation (AM only) of RLC SDUs; reassembly of SDU (AM and UM); duplicate detection (AM only); RLC SDU discard (AM and UM); RLC re-establishment; protocol error detection (AM only). 
     In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of the PDCP sublayer for the user plane include: sequence numbering; header compression and decompression using robust header compression (ROHC); transfer of user data; reordering and duplicate detection; in-order delivery; PDCP PDU routing (in case of split bearers); retransmission of PDCP SDUs; ciphering, deciphering and integrity protection; PDCP SDU discard; PDCP re-establishment and data recovery for RLC AM; PDCP status reporting for RLC AM; duplication of PDCP PDUs and duplicate discard indication to lower layers. The main services and functions of the PDCP sublayer for the control plane include: sequence numbering; ciphering, deciphering and integrity protection; transfer of control plane data; reordering and duplicate detection; in-order delivery; duplication of PDCP PDUs and duplicate discard indication to lower layers. 
     In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of SDAP include: mapping between a QoS flow and a data radio bearer; marking QoS flow ID (QFI) in both DL and UL packets. A single protocol entity of SDAP is configured for each individual PDU session. 
     In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of the RRC sublayer include: broadcast of system information related to AS and NAS; paging initiated by 5GC or NG-RAN; establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between the UE and NG-RAN; security functions including key management; establishment, configuration, maintenance and release of signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs); mobility functions (including: handover and context transfer, UE cell selection and reselection and control of cell selection and reselection, inter-RAT mobility); QoS management functions; UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting; detection of and recovery from radio link failure; NAS message transfer to/from NAS from/to UE. 
       FIG.  7    shows a frame structure in a 3GPP based wireless communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied. 
     The frame structure shown in  FIG.  7    is purely exemplary and the number of subframes, the number of slots, and/or the number of symbols in a frame may be variously changed. In the 3GPP based wireless communication system, OFDM numerologies (e.g., subcarrier spacing (SCS), transmission time interval (TTI) duration) may be differently configured between a plurality of cells aggregated for one UE. For example, if a UE is configured with different SCSs for cells aggregated for the cell, an (absolute time) duration of a time resource (e.g., a subframe, a slot, or a TTI) including the same number of symbols may be different among the aggregated cells. Herein, symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA symbols (or discrete Fourier transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols). 
     Referring to  FIG.  7   , downlink and uplink transmissions are organized into frames. Each frame has T f =10 ms duration. Each frame is divided into two half-frames, where each of the half-frames has 5 ms duration. Each half-frame consists of 5 subframes, where the duration T sf  per subframe is 1 ms. Each subframe is divided into slots and the number of slots in a subframe depends on a subcarrier spacing. Each slot includes 14 or 12 OFDM symbols based on a cyclic prefix (CP). In a normal CP, each slot includes 14 OFDM symbols and, in an extended CP, each slot includes 12 OFDM symbols. The numerology is based on exponentially scalable subcarrier spacing Δf=2 u *15 kHz. 
     Table 3 shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot N slot   symb , the number of slots per frame N frame,u   slot , and the number of slots per subframe N subframe,u   slot  for the normal CP, according to the subcarrier spacing Δf=2 u *15 kHz. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 u 
                 N slot   symb   
                 N frame, u   slot   
                 N subframe, u   slot   
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 0 
                 14 
                 10 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 1 
                 14 
                 20 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 14 
                 40 
                 4 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 14 
                 80 
                 8 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 14 
                 160 
                 16 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table 4 shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot N slot   symb , the number of slots per frame N frame,u   slot , and the number of slots per subframe N subframe,u   slot  for the extended CP, according to the subcarrier spacing Δf=2 u *15 kHz. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 u 
                 N slot   symb   
                 N frame, u   slot   
                 N subframe, u   slot   
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 2 
                 12 
                 40 
                 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     A slot includes plural symbols (e.g., 14 or 12 symbols) in the time domain. For each numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing) and carrier, a resource grid of N size,u   grid,x *N RB   sc  subcarriers and N subframe,u   symb  OFDM symbols is defined, starting at common resource block (CRB) N start,u   grid  indicated by higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling), where N size,u   grid,x  is the number of resource blocks (RBs) in the resource grid and the subscript x is DL for downlink and UL for uplink. N RB   sc  is the number of subcarriers per RB. In the 3GPP based wireless communication system, N RB   sc  is 12 generally. There is one resource grid for a given antenna port p, subcarrier spacing configuration u, and transmission direction (DL or UL). The carrier bandwidth N size,u   grid  for subcarrier spacing configuration u is given by the higher-layer parameter (e.g., RRC parameter). Each element in the resource grid for the antenna port p and the subcarrier spacing configuration u is referred to as a resource element (RE) and one complex symbol may be mapped to each RE. Each RE in the resource grid is uniquely identified by an index k in the frequency domain and an index  1  representing a symbol location relative to a reference point in the time domain. In the 3GPP based wireless communication system, an RB is defined by 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. 
     In the 3GPP NR system, RBs are classified into CRBs and physical resource blocks (PRBs). CRBs are numbered from 0 and upwards in the frequency domain for subcarrier spacing configuration u. The center of subcarrier  0  of CRB  0  for subcarrier spacing configuration u coincides with ‘point A’ which serves as a common reference point for resource block grids. In the 3GPP NR system, PRBs are defined within a bandwidth part (BWP) and numbered from 0 to N size   BWP,i −1, where i is the number of the bandwidth part. The relation between the physical resource block n PRB  in the bandwidth part i and the common resource block n CRB  is as follows: n PRB =n CRB +N size   BWP,i , where N size   BWP,i  is the common resource block where bandwidth part starts relative to CRB  0 . The BWP includes a plurality of consecutive RBs. A carrier may include a maximum of N (e.g., 5) BWPs. A UE may be configured with one or more BWPs on a given component carrier. Only one BWP among BWPs configured to the UE can active at a time. The active BWP defines the UE&#39;s operating bandwidth within the cell&#39;s operating bandwidth. 
     In the present disclosure, the term “cell” may refer to a geographic area to which one or more nodes provide a communication system, or refer to radio resources. A “cell” as a geographic area may be understood as coverage within which a node can provide service using a carrier and a “cell” as radio resources (e.g., time-frequency resources) is associated with bandwidth which is a frequency range configured by the carrier. The “cell” associated with the radio resources is defined by a combination of downlink resources and uplink resources, for example, a combination of a DL component carrier (CC) and a UL CC. The cell may be configured by downlink resources only, or may be configured by downlink resources and uplink resources. Since DL coverage, which is a range within which the node is capable of transmitting a valid signal, and UL coverage, which is a range within which the node is capable of receiving the valid signal from the UE, depends upon a carrier carrying the signal, the coverage of the node may be associated with coverage of the “cell” of radio resources used by the node. Accordingly, the term “cell” may be used to represent service coverage of the node sometimes, radio resources at other times, or a range that signals using the radio resources can reach with valid strength at other times. 
     In CA, two or more CCs are aggregated. A UE may simultaneously receive or transmit on one or multiple CCs depending on its capabilities. CA is supported for both contiguous and non-contiguous CCs. When CA is configured, the UE only has one RRC connection with the network. At RRC connection establishment/re-establishment/handover, one serving cell provides the NAS mobility information, and at RRC connection re-establishment/handover, one serving cell provides the security input. This cell is referred to as the primary cell (PCell). The PCell is a cell, operating on the primary frequency, in which the UE either performs the initial connection establishment procedure or initiates the connection re-establishment procedure. Depending on UE capabilities, secondary cells (SCells) can be configured to form together with the PCell a set of serving cells. An SCell is a cell providing additional radio resources on top of special cell (SpCell). The configured set of serving cells for a UE therefore always consists of one PCell and one or more SCells. For dual connectivity (DC) operation, the term SpCell refers to the PCell of the master cell group (MCG) or the primary SCell (PSCell) of the secondary cell group (SCG). An SpCell supports PUCCH transmission and contention-based random access, and is always activated. The MCG is a group of serving cells associated with a master node, comprised of the SpCell (PCell) and optionally one or more SCells. The SCG is the subset of serving cells associated with a secondary node, comprised of the PSCell and zero or more SCells, for a UE configured with DC. For a UE in RRC_CONNECTED not configured with CA/DC, there is only one serving cell comprised of the PCell. For a UE in RRC_CONNECTED configured with CA/DC, the term “serving cells” is used to denote the set of cells comprised of the SpCell(s) and all SCells. In DC, two MAC entities are configured in a UE: one for the MCG and one for the SCG. 
       FIG.  8    shows a data flow example in the 3GPP NR system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied. 
     Referring to  FIG.  8   , “RB” denotes a radio bearer, and “H” denotes a header. Radio bearers are categorized into two groups: DRBs for user plane data and SRBs for control plane data. The MAC PDU is transmitted/received using radio resources through the PHY layer to/from an external device. The MAC PDU arrives to the PHY layer in the form of a transport block. 
     In the PHY layer, the uplink transport channels UL-SCH and RACH are mapped to their physical channels physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) and physical random access channel (PRACH), respectively, and the downlink transport channels DL-SCH, BCH and PCH are mapped to physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), physical broadcast channel (PBCH) and PDSCH, respectively. In the PHY layer, uplink control information (UCI) is mapped to physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), and downlink control information (DCI) is mapped to physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). A MAC PDU related to UL-SCH is transmitted by a UE via a PUSCH based on an UL grant, and a MAC PDU related to DL-SCH is transmitted by a BS via a PDSCH based on a DL assignment. 
     Sidelink (SL) transmission and/or communication in 5G NR is described. Section 5.7 and Section 16.9 of 3GPP TS 38.300 V16.1.0 can be referred. 
       FIG.  9    shows an example of NG-RAN architecture supporting PC5 interface to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied. 
     Referring to  FIG.  9   , sidelink transmission and reception over the PC5 interface are supported when the UE is inside NG-RAN coverage, irrespective of which RRC state the UE is in, and when the UE is outside NG-RAN coverage. 
     Support of V2X services via the PC5 interface can be provided by NR sidelink communication and/or V2X sidelink communication. NR sidelink communication may be used to support other services than V2X services. 
     NR sidelink communication can support one of three types of transmission modes for a pair of a Source Layer- 2  ID and a Destination Layer- 2  ID in the AS: 
     (1) Unicast transmission, characterized by:
         Support of one PC5-RRC connection between peer UEs for the pair;   Transmission and reception of control information and user traffic between peer UEs in sidelink;   Support of sidelink HARQ feedback;   Support of RLC AM;   Detection of radio link failure for the PC5-RRC connection.       

     (2) Groupcast transmission, characterized by:
         Transmission and reception of user traffic among UEs belonging to a group in sidelink;   Support of sidelink HARQ feedback.       

     (3) Broadcast transmission, characterized by:
         Transmission and reception of user traffic among UEs in sidelink.       

     Two sidelink resource allocation modes are supported, i.e., mode  1  and mode  2 . In mode  1 , the sidelink resource allocation is provided by the network. In mode  2 , UE decides the SL transmission resources and timing in the resource pool. 
     Mode  1 , which may be called scheduled resource allocation, may be characterized by the following:
         The UE needs to be RRC_CONNECTED in order to transmit data;   NG-RAN schedules transmission resources.       

     Mode  2 , which may be called UE autonomous resource selection, may be characterized by the following:
         The UE can transmit data when inside NG-RAN coverage, irrespective of which RRC state the UE is in, and when outside NG-RAN coverage;   The UE autonomously selects transmission resources from a pool of resources.       

     For NR sidelink communication, the UE performs sidelink transmissions only on a single carrier. 
     In mode  1 , NG-RAN can dynamically allocate resources to the UE via the sidelink radio network temporary identifier (SL-RNTI) on PDCCH(s) for NR sidelink communication. 
     In addition, NG-RAN can allocate sidelink resources to UE with two types of configured sidelink grants:
         With type  1 , RRC directly provides the configured sidelink grant only for NR sidelink communication;   With type  2 , RRC defines the periodicity of the configured sidelink grant while PDCCH can either signal and activate the configured sidelink grant, or deactivate it. The PDCCH is addressed to SL configured scheduling RNTI (SL-CS-RNTI) for NR sidelink communication and SL semi-persistent scheduling V-RNTI for V2X sidelink communication.       

     For the UE performing NR sidelink communication, there can be more than one configured sidelink grant activated at a time on the carrier configured for sidelink transmission 
     When beam failure or physical layer problem occurs on NR Uu, the UE can continue using the configured sidelink grant type  1 . During handover, the UE can be provided with configured sidelink grants via handover command, regardless of the type. If provided, the UE activates the configured sidelink grant type  1  upon reception of the handover command. 
     The UE can send sidelink buffer status report (SL BSR) to support scheduler operation in NG-RAN. The sidelink buffer status reports refer to the data that is buffered in for a group of logical channels (LCG) per destination in the UE. Eight LCGs are used for reporting of the sidelink buffer status reports. Two formats, which are SL BSR and truncated SL BSR, are used. 
     In mode  2 , the UE autonomously selects sidelink grant from a pool of resources provided by broadcast system information or dedicated signalling while inside NG-RAN coverage or by pre-configuration while outside NG-RAN coverage. 
     For NR sidelink communication, the pools of resources can be provided for a given validity area where the UE does not need to acquire a new pool of resources while moving within the validity area, at least when this pool is provided by system information block (SIB) (e.g. reuse valid area of NR SIB). NR SIB validity mechanism is reused to enable validity area for SL resource pool configured via broadcasted system information. 
     The UE is allowed to temporarily use UE autonomous resource selection with random selection for sidelink transmission based on configuration of the exceptional transmission resource pool. 
     When a UE is inside NG-RAN coverage, NR sidelink communication and/or V2X sidelink communication can be configured and controlled by NG-RAN via dedicated signalling or system information:
         The UE should support and be authorized to perform NR sidelink communication and/or V2X sidelink communication in NG-RAN;   If configured, the UE performs V2X sidelink communication unless otherwise specified;   NG-RAN can provide the UE with intra-carrier sidelink configuration, inter-carrier sidelink configuration and anchor carrier which provides sidelink configuration via a Uu carrier for NR sidelink communication and/or V2X Sidelink communication;   When the UE cannot simultaneously perform both NR sidelink transmission and NR uplink transmission in time domain, prioritization between both transmissions is done based on their priorities and thresholds configured by the NG-RAN.       

     When a UE is outside NG-RAN coverage, SLRB configuration are preconfigured to the UE for NR sidelink communication. 
     The UE in RRC_CONNECTED performs NR sidelink communication and/or V2X sidelink communication. The UE sends Sidelink UE Information to NG-RAN in order to request or release sidelink resources and report QoS information for each destination. 
     NG-RAN provides RRCReconfiguration to the UE in order to provide the UE with dedicated sidelink configuration. The RRCReconfiguration may include SLRB configuration for NR sidelink communication as well as either sidelink scheduling configuration or resource pool configuration. If UE has received SLRB configuration via system information, UE should continue using the configuration to perform sidelink data transmissions and receptions until a new configuration is received via the RRCReconfiguration. 
     NG-RAN may also configure measurement and reporting of channel busy ratio (CBR) and reporting of location information to the UE via RRCReconfiguration. 
     During handover, the UE performs sidelink transmission and reception based on configuration of the exceptional transmission resource pool or configured sidelink grant type  1  and reception resource pool of the target cell as provided in the handover command. 
     The UE in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE performs NR sidelink communication and/or V2X sidelink communication. NG-RAN may provide common sidelink configuration to the UE in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE via system information for NR sidelink communication and/or V2X sidelink communication. UE receives resource pool configuration and SLRB configuration via SIB 12  for NR sidelink communication, and/or resource pool configuration via SIB 13  and SIB 14  for V2X sidelink communication. If UE has received SLRB configuration via dedicated signalling, UE should continue using the configuration to perform sidelink data transmissions and receptions until a new configuration is received via system information. 
     When the UE performs cell reselection, the UE interested in V2X service(s) considers at least whether NR sidelink communication and/or V2X sidelink communication are supported by the cell. The UE may consider the following carrier frequency as the highest priority frequency, except for the carrier only providing the anchor carrier:
         the frequency providing both NR sidelink communication and V2X sidelink communication, if configured to perform both NR sidelink communication and V2X sidelink communication;   the frequency providing NR sidelink communication, if configured to perform only NR sidelink communication.       

     Radio protocol architecture for NR sidelink communication may be as follows.
         The AS protocol stack for the control plane in the PC5 interface consists of RRC, PDCP, RLC and MAC sublayers, and the physical layer.   For support of PC5-S protocol, PC5-S is located on top of PDCP, RLC and MAC sublayers, and the physical layer for the control plane in the PC5 interface.   The AS protocol stack for SBCCH in the PC5 interface consists of RRC, RLC, MAC sublayers, and the physical layer.   The AS protocol stack for user plane in the PC5 interface consists of SDAP, PDCP, RLC and MAC sublayers, and the physical layer.       

     Sidelink Radio bearers (SLRB) are categorized into two groups: sidelink data radio bearers (SL DRB) for user plane data and sidelink signalling radio bearers (SL SRB) for control plane data. Separate SL SRBs using different SCCHs are configured for PC5-RRC and PC5-S signaling respectively. 
     Physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) indicates resource and other transmission parameters used by a UE for PSSCH. PSCCH transmission is associated with a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS). 
     Physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) transmits the TBs of data themselves, and control information for HARQ procedures and channel state information (CSI) feedback triggers, etc. At least 5 OFDM symbols within a slot are used for PSSCH transmission. PSSCH transmission is associated with a DM-RS and may be associated with a phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS). 
     Physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) carries HARQ feedback over the sidelink from a UE which is an intended recipient of a PSSCH transmission to the UE which performed the transmission. PSFCH sequence is transmitted in one PRB repeated over two OFDM symbols near the end of the sidelink resource in a slot. 
     The sidelink synchronization signal consists of sidelink primary and sidelink secondary synchronization signals (S-PSS, S-SSS), each occupying 2 symbols and 127 subcarriers. Physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) occupies 7 and 5 symbols for normal and extended cyclic prefix cases respectively, including the associated DM-RS. 
     Sidelink HARQ feedback uses PSFCH and can be operated in one of two options. In one option, PSFCH transmits either acknowledgement (ACK) or negative ACK (NACK) using a resource dedicated to a single PSFCH transmitting UE. In another option, PSFCH transmits NACK, or no PSFCH signal is transmitted, on a resource that can be shared by multiple PSFCH transmitting UEs. 
     In sidelink resource allocation mode  1 , a UE which received PSFCH can report sidelink HARQ feedback to gNB via PUCCH or PUSCH. 
     For unicast, CSI reference signal (CSI-RS) is supported for CSI measurement and reporting in sidelink. A CSI report is carried in a MAC control element (CE). 
     The MAC sublayer provides the following services and functions over the PC5 interface in addition to the services and functions described above by referring to  FIGS.  5  and  6   .
         Radio resource selection;   Packet filtering;   Priority handling between uplink and sidelink transmissions for a given UE;   Sidelink CSI reporting.       

     With logical channel prioritization (LCP_restrictions in MAC, only sidelink logical channels belonging to the same destination can be multiplexed into a MAC PDU for every unicast, groupcast and broadcast transmission which is associated to the destination. NG-RAN can also control whether a sidelink logical channel can utilize the resources allocated to a configured sidelink grant type  1 . 
     For packet filtering, a SL-SCH MAC header including portions of both Source Layer- 2  ID and a Destination Layer- 2  ID is added to each MAC PDU. Logical channel ID (LCID) included within a MAC subheader uniquely identifies a logical channel within the scope of the Source Layer- 2  ID and Destination Layer- 2  ID combination. 
     The following logical channels are used in sidelink:
         Sidelink control channel (SCCH): a sidelink channel for transmitting control information from one UE to other UE(s);   Sidelink traffic channel (STCH): a sidelink channel for transmitting user information from one UE to other UE(s);   Sidelink broadcast control channel (SBCCH): a sidelink channel for broadcasting sidelink system information from one UE to other UE(s).       

     The following connections between logical channels and transport channels exist:
         SCCH can be mapped to sidelink shared channel (SL-SCH);   STCH can be mapped to SL-SCH;   SBCCH can be mapped to sidelink broadcast channel (SL-BCH).       

     The RRC sublayer provides the following services and functions over the PC5 interface:
         Transfer of a PC5-RRC message between peer UEs;   Maintenance and release of a PC5-RRC connection between two UEs;   Detection of sidelink radio link failure for a PC5-RRC connection.       

     A PC5-RRC connection is a logical connection between two UEs for a pair of Source and Destination Layer- 2  IDs which is considered to be established after a corresponding PC5 unicast link is established. There is one-to-one correspondence between the PC5-RRC connection and the PC5 unicast link. A UE may have multiple PC5-RRC connections with one or more UEs for different pairs of Source and Destination Layer- 2  IDs. 
     Separate PC5-RRC procedures and messages are used for a UE to transfer UE capability and sidelink configuration including SLRB configuration to the peer UE. Both peer UEs can exchange their own UE capability and sidelink configuration using separate bi-directional procedures in both sidelink directions. 
     If it is not interested in sidelink transmission, if sidelink radio link failure (RLF) on the PC5-RRC connection is declared, or if the Layer- 2  link release procedure is completed or if the T400 is expired, UE releases the PC5-RRC connection. 
     Supplementary uplink (SUL) described. Section 5.4.2 and Section 6.9 of 3GPP TS 38.300 V16.1.0 and/or Section 5.16 of 3GPP TS 38.321 V15.8.0 can be referred. 
       FIG.  10    shows an example of SUL to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied. 
     In conjunction with a UL/DL carrier pair (frequency division duplex (FDD) band) or a bidirectional carrier (time division duplex (TDD) band), a UE may be configured with additional SUL. SUL differs from the aggregated uplink in that the UE may be scheduled to transmit either on the supplementary uplink or on the uplink of the carrier being supplemented, but not on both at the same time. 
     Referring to  FIG.  10   , to improve UL coverage for high frequency scenarios, the UE is configured with 2 ULs for one DL of the same cell, and uplink transmissions on those two ULs are controlled by the network to avoid overlapping PUSCH/PUCCH transmissions in time. Overlapping transmissions on PUSCH are avoided through scheduling while overlapping transmissions on PUCCH are avoided through configuration (PUCCH can only be configured for only one of the 2 ULs of the cell). In addition, initial access is supported in each of the uplink. 
     The SUL carrier can be configured as a complement to the normal UL (NUL) carrier. 
     Switching between the NUL carrier and the SUL carrier means that the UL transmissions move from one carrier to the other carrier, which is done by:
         an indication in DCI;   the random access procedure.       

     If the MAC entity receives a UL grant indicating an SUL switch while a random access procedure is ongoing, the MAC entity shall ignore the UL grant. 
     The Serving Cell configured with supplementary Uplink belongs to a single TAG. 
     1. Implementation 1 
     In conventional sidelink (e.g., V2X) communication in LTE-A, a UE operating in sidelink resource allocation mode  1  (i.e., network scheduled resource allocation) monitors PDCCH carrying SL grant during Uu&#39;s discontinuous reception (DRX) active time. However, in the conventional scheme, there have been problems where the timing of SL transmission between TX/RX UEs and the timing of allocating SL grant by the base station have not been optimized and/or aligned. Furthermore, for sidelink (e.g., V2X) communication in 5G NR, a DRX active time may need to be defined considering sidelink HARQ feedback, especially when the sidelink HARQ feedback is disabled. 
     According to implementation 1 of the present disclosure, a DRX HARQ round trip time (RTT) timer for a HARQ process ID may start after end of specific repetition of sidelink transmission. Upon expiry of the DRX HARQ RTT timer and if the number of retransmissions of MAC PDU is smaller than (i.e., does not reach) a maximum number of retransmissions, the DRX retransmission timer may start. The active time for PDCCH monitoring may include the time interval for which the DRX retransmission timer is running. A UE may perform SL retransmission upon receiving SL grant for retransmission of the MAC PDU during the active time. 
     The following drawings are created to explain specific embodiments of the present disclosure. The names of the specific devices or the names of the specific signals/messages/fields shown in the drawings are provided by way of example, and thus the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings. 
       FIG.  11    shows an example of a method performed by a first wireless device to which implementation 1 of the present disclosure is applied. 
     In step S 1100 , the method includes receiving, from a base station, a SL grant for a HARQ process ID. 
     In step S 1110 , the method includes assigning a sidelink process for the HARQ process ID based on the SL grant. 
     In step S 1120 , the method includes constructing a MAC PDU. 
     In step S 1130 , the method includes performing transmission of the MAC PDU to a second wireless device. 
     In some implementations, the MAC PDU may be transmitted in a configured sidelink grant. 
     In step S 1140 , the method includes starting a DRX HARQ RTT timer for the HARQ process ID after end of a specific repetition of the transmission of the MAC PDU. 
     In some implementations, the specific repetition of the transmission of the MAC PDU may correspond to a first repetition of the transmission of the MAC PDU. 
     In some implementations, the DRX HARQ RTT timer may inform a minimum duration before the SL retransmission grant is expected by an MAC entity for a SL transmission with the reception of the sidelink HARQ feedback on the PSFCH. 
     In step S 1150 , the method includes starting a DRX retransmission timer based on 1) the DRX HARQ RTT timer being expired, and 2) a number of transmissions of the MAC PDU not reaching a maximum number of transmissions. 
     In some implementations, the DRX retransmission timer may inform a maximum duration until the SL retransmission grant is received. 
     In some implementations, the DRX retransmission timer may start based on no sidelink grant being available for retransmission of the MAC PDU. 
     In step S 1160 , the method includes monitoring a PDCCH carrying a SL retransmission grant during an active time including a time interval for which the DRX retransmission timer is running. 
     In some implementations, both a first sidelink HARQ feedback on a PSFCH, from the second wireless device in response to the transmission of the MAC PDU, and a second sidelink HARQ feedback on a PUCCH, to the base station, may be disabled. 
     In some implementations, the method may further include performing retransmission of the MAC PDU to the second wireless device based on the SL retransmission grant. 
     In some implementations, wherein the first wireless device may be in communication with at least one of a mobile device, a network, and/or autonomous vehicles other than the first wireless device. 
     According to implementation 1 of the present disclosure shown in  FIG.  11   , an example of operations of the MAC entity may be as follows. 
     The MAC entity may be configured by RRC with a DRX functionality that controls the UE&#39;s PDCCH monitoring activity for the MAC entity&#39;s C-RNTI, CS-RNTI, INT-RNTI, SFI-RNTI, SP-CSI-RNTI, TPC-PUCCH-RNTI, TPC-PUSCH-RNTI, TPC-SRS-RNTI, SL-RNTI and SLCS-RNTI. When using DRX operation, the MAC entity shall also monitor PDCCH according to requirements found in other clauses. When in RRC_CONNECTED, if DRX is configured, for all the activated Serving Cells, the MAC entity may monitor the PDCCH discontinuously using the DRX operation. 
     RRC controls DRX operation by configuring the following parameters:
         drx-onDurationTimer: the duration at the beginning of a DRX Cycle;   drx-SlotOffset: the delay before starting the drx-onDurationTimer;   drx-InactivityTimer: the duration after the PDCCH occasion in which a PDCCH indicates a new UL or DL transmission for the MAC entity;   drx-RetransmissionTimerDL (per DL HARQ process except for the broadcast process): the maximum duration until a DL retransmission is received;   drx-RetransmissionTimerUL (per UL HARQ process): the maximum duration until a grant for UL retransmission is received;   drx-RetransmissionTimerSL (per SL HARQ process ID or per SL configured grant): the maximum duration until a grant for SL retransmission is received;   drx-LongCycleStartOffset: the Long DRX cycle and drx-StartOffset which defines the subframe where the Long and Short DRX Cycle starts;   drx-ShortCycle (optional): the Short DRX cycle;   drx-ShortCycleTimer (optional): the duration the UE shall follow the Short DRX cycle;   drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerDL (per DL HARQ process except for the broadcast process): the minimum duration before a DL assignment for HARQ retransmission is expected by the MAC entity;   drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerUL (per UL HARQ process): the minimum duration before a UL HARQ retransmission grant is expected by the MAC entity;   drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerSL-PSFCH-PUCCH (per SL HARQ process ID or per SL configured grant): the minimum duration before a SL HARQ retransmission grant is expected by the MAC entity for a SL transmission with sidelink HARQ feedback reception on PSFCH and sidelink HARQ feedback transmission on PUCCH.   drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerSL-PSFCH (per SL HARQ process ID or per SL configured grant): the minimum duration before a SL HARQ retransmission grant is expected by the MAC entity for a SL transmission with sidelink HARQ feedback reception on PSFCH but without sidelink HARQ feedback transmission on PUCCH.   drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerSL-PUCCH (per SL HARQ process ID or per SL configured grant): the minimum duration before a SL HARQ retransmission grant is expected by the MAC entity for a SL transmission without sidelink HARQ feedback reception on PSFCH but with sidelink HARQ feedback transmission on PUCCH.   drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerSL (per SL HARQ process ID or per SL configured grant): the minimum duration before a SL HARQ retransmission grant is expected by the MAC entity for a SL transmission without sidelink HARQ feedback reception on PSFCH and sidelink HARQ feedback transmission on PUCCH.       

     When a DRX cycle is configured, the Active Time includes the time while:
         drx-onDurationTimer or drx-InactivityTimer or drx-RetransmissionTimerDL or drx-RetransmissionTimerUL or drx-RetransmissionTimerSL or ra-ContentionResolutionTimer is running; or   a Scheduling Request is sent on PUCCH and is pending; or   a PDCCH indicating a new transmission addressed to the C-RNTI of the MAC entity has not been received after successful reception of a Random Access Response for the Random Access Preamble not selected by the MAC entity among the contention-based Random Access Preamble.       

     When DRX is configured, the MAC entity shall: 
     1&gt; if a MAC PDU is received in a configured downlink assignment: 
     2&gt; start the drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerDL for the corresponding HARQ process in the first symbol after the end of the corresponding transmission carrying the DL HARQ feedback; 
     2&gt; stop the drx-RetransmissionTimerDL for the corresponding HARQ process. 
     1&gt; if a MAC PDU is transmitted in a configured uplink grant: 
     2&gt; start the drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerUL for the corresponding HARQ process in the first symbol after the end of the first repetition of the corresponding PUSCH transmission; 
     2&gt; stop the drx-RetransmissionTimerUL for the corresponding HARQ process. 
     In the present disclosure, the configured sidelink grant corresponds to one of a set of sidelink grants allocated by Configured Grant Type  1  or Configured Grant Type  2  in Sidelink Mode  1  or by TX resource (re-)selection in Sidelink Mode  2 . 
     1&gt; if a MAC PDU is transmitted in a configured sidelink grant and both sidelink HARQ feedback on PSFCH and sidelink HARQ feedback on PUCCH are enabled: 
     2&gt; start the drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerSL-PSFCH-PUCCH for the corresponding HARQ process ID or the corresponding value of sl-ConfigIndexCG in the first symbol after the end of the corresponding PUCCH transmission carrying the SL HARQ feedback to the MAC PDU; 
     2&gt; stop the drx-RetransmissionTimerSL for the corresponding HARQ process or the corresponding value of sl-ConfigIndexCG. 
     1&gt; if a MAC PDU is transmitted in a configured sidelink grant and sidelink HARQ feedback on PSFCH is enabled but sidelink HARQ feedback on PUCCH are disabled: 
     2&gt; start the drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerSL-PSFCH for the corresponding HARQ process ID or the corresponding value of sl-ConfigIndexCG in the first symbol after the end of the corresponding PSFCH reception carrying the SL HARQ feedback to the MAC PDU; 
     2&gt; stop the drx-RetransmissionTimerSL for the corresponding HARQ process or the corresponding value of sl-ConfigIndexCG. 
     1&gt; if a MAC PDU is transmitted in a configured sidelink grant and sidelink HARQ feedback on PSFCH is disabled but sidelink HARQ feedback on PUCCH are enabled: 
     2&gt; start the drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerSL-PUCCH for the corresponding HARQ process ID or the corresponding value of sl-ConfigIndexCG in the first symbol after the end of the corresponding PUCCH transmission carrying the SL HARQ feedback to the MAC PDU; 
     2&gt; stop the drx-RetransmissionTimerSL for the corresponding HARQ process or the corresponding value of sl-ConfigIndexCG. 
     1&gt; if a MAC PDU is transmitted in a configured sidelink grant and both sidelink HARQ feedback on PSFCH and sidelink HARQ feedback on PUCCH are disabled: 
     2&gt; start the drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerSL for the corresponding HARQ process ID or the corresponding value of sl-ConfigIndexCG in the first symbol after the end of the first repetition of the corresponding PSSCH transmission; 
     2&gt; stop the drx-RetransmissionTimerSL for the corresponding HARQ process or the corresponding value of sl-ConfigIndexCG. 
     1&gt; if a drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerDL expires: 
     2&gt; if the data of the corresponding HARQ process was not successfully decoded: 
     3&gt; start the drx-RetransmissionTimerDL for the corresponding HARQ process in the first symbol after the expiry of drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerDL. 
     1&gt; if a drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerUL expires: 
     2&gt; start the drx-RetransmissionTimerUL for the corresponding HARQ process in the first symbol after the expiry of drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerUL. 
     1&gt; if a drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerSL-PSFCH-PUCCH or drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerSL-PSFCH or drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerSL-PUCCH or drx-RetransmissionTimerSL started for transmission of a MAC PDU: 
     2&gt; if a drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerSL-PSFCH-PUCCH expires and NACK was transmitted on PUCCH for the transmission of the MAC PDU: 
     3&gt; start the drx-RetransmissionTimerSL for the corresponding HARQ process ID or the corresponding value of sl-ConfigIndexCG in the first symbol after the expiry of the drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerSL-PSFCH-PUCCH. 
     2&gt; if a drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerSL-PSFCH expires and NACK was received on PSFCH for the transmission of the MAC PDU and if no sidelink grant is available for retransmission of the MAC PDU and the maximum number of HARQ retransmissions of the MAC PDU has been not reached: (or a PDCCH previously indicated possiblity of retransmission grant for the MAC PDU) 
     3&gt; start the drx-RetransmissionTimerSL for the corresponding HARQ process ID or the corresponding value of sl-ConfigIndexCG in the first symbol after the expiry of the drx-HARQ-R 11 -TimerSL-PSFCH. 
     2&gt; if a drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerSL-PUCCH expires and NACK was transmitted on PUCCH for the transmission of the MAC PDU: 
     3&gt; start the drx-RetransmissionTimerSL for the corresponding HARQ process ID or the corresponding value of sl-ConfigIndexCG in the first symbol after the expiry of the drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerSL-PUCCH. 
     2&gt; if a drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerSL expires and if no sidelink grant is available for retransmission of the MAC PDU and the maximum number of HARQ retransmissions of the MAC PDU has been not reached: (or a PDCCH previously indicated possibility of retransmission grant for the MAC PDU) 
     3&gt; start the drx-RetransmissionTimerSL for the corresponding HARQ process ID or the corresponding value of sl-ConfigIndexCG in the first symbol after the expiry of the drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerSL-PUCCH. 
     1&gt; if a DRX Command MAC CE or a Long DRX Command MAC CE is received: 
     2&gt; stop drx-onDurationTimer; 
     2&gt; stop drx-InactivityTimer. 
     1&gt; if drx-InactivityTimer expires or a DRX Command MAC CE is received: 
     2&gt; if the Short DRX cycle is configured: 
     3&gt; start or restart drx-ShortCycleTimer in the first symbol after the expiry of drx-InactivityTimer or in the first symbol after the end of DRX Command MAC CE reception; 
     3&gt; use the Short DRX Cycle. 
     2&gt; else: 
     3&gt; use the Long DRX cycle. 
     1&gt; if drx-ShortCycleTimer expires: 
     2&gt; use the Long DRX cycle. 
     1&gt; if a Long DRX Command MAC CE is received: 
     2&gt; stop drx-ShortCycleTimer; 
     2&gt; use the Long DRX cycle. 
     1&gt; if the Short DRX Cycle is used, and [(SFN×10)+subframe number] modulo (drx-ShortCycle)=(drx-StartOffset) modulo (drx-ShortCycle); or 
     1&gt; if the Long DRX Cycle is used, and [(SFN×10)+subframe number] modulo (drx-LongCycle)=drx-StartOffset: 
     2&gt; start drx-onDurationTimer after drx-SlotOffset from the beginning of the subframe. 
     1&gt; if the MAC entity is in Active Time: 
     2&gt; monitor the PDCCH; 
     2&gt; if the PDCCH indicates a DL transmission: 
     3&gt; start the drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerDL for the corresponding HARQ process in the first symbol after the end of the corresponding transmission carrying the DL HARQ feedback; 
     3&gt; stop the drx-RetransmissionTimerDL for the corresponding HARQ process. 
     2&gt; if the PDCCH indicates a UL transmission: 
     3&gt; start the drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerUL for the corresponding HARQ process in the first symbol after the end of the first repetition of the corresponding PUSCH transmission; 
     3&gt; stop the drx-RetransmissionTimerUL for the corresponding HARQ process. 
     2&gt; if the PDCCH or RRC indicates one or more SL transmissions and both sidelink HARQ feedback on PSFCH and sidelink HARQ feedback on PUCCH are enabled: 
     3&gt; start the drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerSL-PSFCH-PUCCH for the corresponding HARQ process ID or the corresponding value of sl-ConfigIndexCG in the first symbol after the end of the corresponding PUCCH transmission carrying the SL HARQ feedback to the MAC PDU; 
     3&gt; stop the drx-RetransmissionTimerSL for the corresponding HARQ process or the corresponding value of sl-ConfigIndexCG. 
     2&gt; if the PDCCH or RRC indicates one or more SL transmissions and sidelink HARQ feedback on PSFCH is enabled but sidelink HARQ feedback on PUCCH are disabled: 
     3&gt; start the drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerSL-PSFCH for the corresponding HARQ process ID or the corresponding value of sl-ConfigIndexCG in the first symbol after the end of the corresponding PSFCH reception carrying the SL HARQ feedback to the MAC PDU; 
     3&gt; stop the drx-RetransmissionTimerSL for the corresponding HARQ process or the corresponding value of sl-ConfigIndexCG. 
     2&gt; if the PDCCH or RRC indicates one or more SL transmissions and sidelink HARQ feedback on PSFCH is disabled but sidelink HARQ feedback on PUCCH are enabled: 
     3&gt; start the drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerSL-PUCCH for the corresponding HARQ process ID or the corresponding value of sl-ConfigIndexCG in the first symbol after the end of the corresponding PUCCH transmission carrying the SL HARQ feedback to the MAC PDU; 
     3&gt; stop the drx-RetransmissionTimerSL for the corresponding HARQ process or the corresponding value of sl-ConfigIndexCG. 
     2&gt; if the PDCCH or RRC indicates one or more SL transmissions and both sidelink HARQ feedback on PSFCH and sidelink HARQ feedback on PUCCH are disabled: 
     3&gt; start the drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerSL for the corresponding HARQ process ID or the corresponding value of sl-ConfigIndexCG in the first symbol after the end of the first repetition of the corresponding PSSCH transmission; 
     3&gt; stop the drx-RetransmissionTimerSL for the corresponding HARQ process or the corresponding value of sl-ConfigIndexCG. 
     2&gt; if the PDCCH indicates a new transmission (DL or UL or SL): 
     3&gt; start or restart drx-InactivityTimer in the first symbol after the end of the PDCCH reception. 
     1&gt; in current symbol n, if the MAC entity would not be in Active Time considering grants/assignments/DRX Command MAC CE/Long DRX Command MAC CE received and Scheduling Request sent until  4  ms prior to symbol n when evaluating all DRX Active Time conditions as specified in this clause: 
     2&gt; not transmit periodic SRS and semi-persistent SRS; 
     2&gt; not report CSI on PUCCH and semi-persistent CSI configured on PUSCH. 
     1&gt; if CSI masking (csi-Mask) is setup by upper layers: 
     2&gt; in current symbol n, if drx-onDurationTimer would not be running considering grants/assignments/DRX Command MAC CE/Long DRX Command MAC CE received until 4 ms prior to symbol n when evaluating all DRX Active Time conditions as specified in this clause: 
     3&gt; not report CSI on PUCCH. 
     Regardless of whether the MAC entity is monitoring PDCCH or not, the MAC entity transmits HARQ feedback (for UL or SL), aperiodic CSI on PUSCH, and aperiodic SRS when such is expected. 
     The MAC entity needs not to monitor the PDCCH if it is not a complete PDCCH occasion (e.g. the Active Time starts or ends in the middle of a PDCCH occasion). 
     Furthermore, the method in perspective of the first wireless device described above in  FIG.  11    may be performed by the first wireless device  100  shown in  FIG.  2   , the wireless device  100  shown in  FIG.  3   , and/or the UE  100  shown in  FIG.  4   . 
     More specifically, the first wireless device comprises at least one transceiver, at least one processor, and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, perform operations below. 
     The first wireless device receives, from a base station via the at least one transceiver, a SL grant for a HARQ process ID. 
     The first wireless device assigns a sidelink process for the HARQ process ID based on the SL grant. 
     The first wireless device constructs a MAC PDU. 
     The first wireless device performs, via the at least one transceiver, transmission of the MAC PDU to a second wireless device. 
     In some implementations, the MAC PDU may be transmitted in a configured sidelink grant. 
     The first wireless device starts a DRX HARQ RTT timer for the HARQ process ID after end of a specific repetition of the transmission of the MAC PDU. 
     In some implementations, the specific repetition of the transmission of the MAC PDU may correspond to a first repetition of the transmission of the MAC PDU. 
     In some implementations, the DRX HARQ RTT timer may inform a minimum duration before the SL retransmission grant is expected by an MAC entity for a SL transmission with the reception of the sidelink HARQ feedback on the PSFCH. 
     The first wireless device starts a DRX retransmission timer based on 1) the DRX HARQ RTT timer being expired, and 2) a number of transmissions of the MAC PDU not reaching a maximum number of transmissions. 
     In some implementations, the DRX retransmission timer may inform a maximum duration until the SL retransmission grant is received. 
     In some implementations, the DRX retransmission timer may start based on no sidelink grant being available for retransmission of the MAC PDU. 
     The first wireless device monitors a PDCCH carrying a SL retransmission grant during an active time including a time interval for which the DRX retransmission timer is running. 
     In some implementations, both a first sidelink HARQ feedback on a PSFCH, from the second wireless device in response to the transmission of the MAC PDU, and a second sidelink HARQ feedback on a PUCCH, to the base station, may be disabled. 
     In some implementations, the method may further include performing retransmission of the MAC PDU to the second wireless device based on the SL retransmission grant. 
     Furthermore, the method in perspective of the first wireless device described above in  FIG.  11    may be performed by control of the processor  102  included in the first wireless device  100  shown in  FIG.  2   , by control of the communication unit  110  and/or the control unit  120  included in the wireless device  100  shown in  FIG.  3   , and/or by control of the processor  102  included in the UE  100  shown in  FIG.  4   . 
     More specifically, a wireless device operating in a wireless communication system (e.g., first wireless device) comprises at least one processor, and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor. The at least one processor is configured to perform operations comprising: obtaining a SL grant for a HARQ process ID, assigning a sidelink process for the HARQ process ID based on the SL grant, constructing a MAC PDU, starting a DRX HARQ RTT timer for the HARQ process ID after end of a specific repetition of the transmission of the MAC PDU, starting a DRX retransmission timer based on 1) the DRX HARQ RTT timer being expired, and 2) a number of transmissions of the MAC PDU not reaching a maximum number of transmissions, and monitoring a PDCCH carrying a SL retransmission grant during an active time including a time interval for which the DRX retransmission timer is running. 
     Furthermore, the method in perspective of the first wireless device described above in  FIG.  11    may be performed by a software code  105  stored in the memory  104  included in the first wireless device  100  shown in  FIG.  2   . 
     The technical features of the present disclosure may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. For example, a method performed by a wireless device in a wireless communication may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. For example, a software may reside in RAM, flash memory, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other storage medium. 
     Some example of storage medium may be coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. For other example, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components. 
     The computer-readable medium may include a tangible and non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. 
     For example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM such as synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), ROM, non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), EEPROM, flash memory, magnetic or optical data storage media, or any other medium that can be used to store instructions or data structures. Non-transitory computer-readable media may also include combinations of the above. 
     In addition, the method described herein may be realized at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium that carries or communicates code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed, read, and/or executed by a computer. 
     According to some implementations of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium (CRM) has stored thereon a plurality of instructions. 
     More specifically, at least one CRM stores instructions that, based on being executed by at least one processor, perform operations comprising: obtaining a SL grant for a HARQ process ID, assigning a sidelink process for the HARQ process ID based on the SL grant, constructing a MAC PDU, starting a DRX HARQ RTT timer for the HARQ process ID after end of a specific repetition of the transmission of the MAC PDU, starting a DRX retransmission timer based on 1) the DRX HARQ RTT timer being expired, and 2) a number of transmissions of the MAC PDU not reaching a maximum number of transmissions, and monitoring a PDCCH carrying a SL retransmission grant during an active time including a time interval for which the DRX retransmission timer is running. 
       FIG.  12    shows an example of a method performed by a network node to which implementation 1 of the present disclosure is applied. 
     In step S 1200 , the method includes transmitting, to a wireless device, a SL grant for a HARQ process ID. 
     In step S 1210 , the method includes transmitting, to the wireless device, a SL retransmission grant during an active time including a time interval for which a DRX retransmission timer is running. 
     The DRX retransmission timer starts based on 1) a DRX HARQ RTT timer for the HARQ process ID being expired, and 2) a number of transmissions of a MAC PDU not reaching a maximum number of transmission. The DRX HARQ RTT timer for the HARQ process ID starts after end of a specific repetition of transmission of the MAC PDU. 
     In some implementations, both a first sidelink HARQ feedback on a PSFCH, from the second wireless device in response to the transmission of the MAC PDU, and a second sidelink HARQ feedback on a PUCCH, to the base station, may be disabled. 
     In some implementations, the specific repetition of the transmission of the MAC PDU may correspond to a first repetition of the transmission of the MAC PDU. 
     In some implementations, the DRX HARQ RTT timer may inform a minimum duration before the SL retransmission grant is expected by an MAC entity for a SL transmission with the reception of the sidelink HARQ feedback on the PSFCH. 
     In some implementations, the DRX retransmission timer may inform a maximum duration until the SL retransmission grant is received. 
     Furthermore, the method in perspective of the network node described above in FIG.  12  may be performed by the second wireless device  200  shown in  FIG.  2    and/or the wireless device  200  shown in  FIG.  3   . 
     More specifically, the network node comprises at least one transceiver, at least one processor, and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, perform operations below. 
     In step S 1200 , the network node transmits, to a wireless device, a SL grant for a HARQ process ID. 
     In step S 1210 , the network node transmits, to the wireless device, a SL retransmission grant during an active time including a time interval for which a DRX retransmission timer is running. 
     The DRX retransmission timer starts based on 1) a DRX HARQ RTT timer for the HARQ process ID being expired, and 2) a number of transmissions of a MAC PDU not reaching a maximum number of transmission. The DRX HARQ RTT timer for the HARQ process ID starts after end of a specific repetition of transmission of the MAC PDU. 
     In some implementations, both a first sidelink HARQ feedback on a PSFCH, from the second wireless device in response to the transmission of the MAC PDU, and a second sidelink HARQ feedback on a PUCCH, to the base station, may be disabled. 
     In some implementations, the specific repetition of the transmission of the MAC PDU may correspond to a first repetition of the transmission of the MAC PDU. 
     In some implementations, the DRX HARQ RTT timer may inform a minimum duration before the SL retransmission grant is expected by an MAC entity for a SL transmission with the reception of the sidelink HARQ feedback on the PSFCH. 
     In some implementations, the DRX retransmission timer may inform a maximum duration until the SL retransmission grant is received. 
     According to implementation 1 of the present disclosure, the start point of the active time for PDCCH monitoring carrying SL grant can be optimized, when sidelink HARQ feedback is disabled. 
     2. Implementation 2 
     For NR, random access procedure (or, random access channel (RACH) procedure) can be configured with either 2-step procedure or 4-step procedure. For 4-step RACH procedure, the UE 1) transmits a RACH preamble, 2) receives random access response MAC CE, 3) transmits a message  3  on PUSCH, and 4) receives contention resolution MAC CE. For 2-step RACH procedure, the UE 1) transmits a message A consisting of a RACH preamble and PUSCH resource, and 2) receives a message B consisting of random access response and contention resolution. 
     The MAC entity is configured with at most a single SL BWP where sidelink transmission and reception are performed. For a BWP, the MAC entity shall: 
     1&gt; if the BWP is activated: 
     2&gt; transmit PSBCH on the BWP, if configured; 
     2&gt; transmit PSCCH on the BWP; 
     2&gt; transmit SL-SCH on the BWP; 
     2&gt; receive PSFCH on the BWP, if configured. 
     2&gt; receive PSBCH on the BWP, if configured; 
     2&gt; receive PSCCH on the BWP; 
     2&gt; receive SL-SCH on the BWP; 
     2&gt; transmit PSFCH on the BWP, if configured. 
     UL BWP and SL BWP can be overlapped. In this case, if both BWPs have same numerology, UE can perform UL and SL transmissions simultaneously. However, if UL BWP and SL BWP are not overlapped and/or if both are overlapped but have different numerologies, UE cannot perform UL and SL transmissions simultaneously. 
     Meanwhile, when SUL carrier and NUL carrier are configured, UE may select one of them. For example, while performing RACH procedure, if a serving cell quality is lower than a threshold, UE may perform RACH procedure on SUL carrier. Otherwise, UE may perform RACH procedure on NUL carrier. If this UE also performs SL transmissions, UE might be unable to perform RACH procedure and SL transmission simultaneously. In this case, it is not clear how UE performs SL transmission. 
       FIG.  13    shows an example of SL BWP deactivation to which implementation 2 of the present disclosure is applied. 
     In advance, the TX UE may acquire and/or allocate a set of resources. If the TX UE is in RRC_CONNECTED and configured for gNB scheduled sidelink resource allocation (i.e., mode  1 ), the TX UE may receive a grant from a network, e.g. by sending DCI in PDCCH. The DCI may include an allocated sidelink resource. The TX UE may use the sidelink grant for transmission to the RX UE. If the TX UE is configured for UE autonomous scheduling of sidelink resource allocation (i.e., mode  2 ) regardless of RRC state, the TX UE may autonomously select or reselect sidelink resources from a resource pool to create a sidelink grant used for transmission to the RX UE. 
     In step S 1300 , the TX UE is configured with UL BWP and two UL carriers of a cell, i.e., NUL carrier and SUL carrier. 
     In step S 1302 , the TX UE is configured with at least one SL BWP. 
     In step S 1304 , the TX UE performs SL transmission to the RX UE on the SL BWP by using the SL resources. 
     In some implementations, the TX UE can simultaneously perform SL transmission to the RX UE on the SL BWP and UL transmission to the base station on one UL carrier from among the two UL carriers, while the TX UE cannot simultaneously perform SL transmission to the RX UE on the SL BWP and UL transmission to the base station on the other UL carrier from among the two UL carriers. In this case, one UL carrier may be NUL carrier and the other UL carrier may be SUL carrier, or vice versa. For example, the TX UE can simultaneously perform SL transmission to the RX UE on the SL BWP and UL transmission to the base station on the NUL carrier, but cannot simultaneously perform SL transmission to the RX UE on the SL BWP and UL transmission to the base station on the SUL carrier. For example, the TX UE can simultaneously perform SL transmission to the RX UE on the SL BWP and UL transmission to the base station on the SUL carrier but cannot simultaneously perform SL transmission to the RX UE on the SL BWP and UL transmission to the base station on the NUL carrier. 
     In some implementations, each of UL carriers may consist of one or more UL BWPs. 
     In step S 1306 , the RACH procedure is triggered. 
     In step S 1308 , the TX UE performs SL/UL prioritization. 
     For example, when the RACH procedure is triggered and the TX UE should switch from one UL carrier to the other UL carrier to perform RACH procedure, and if the TX UE cannot simultaneously perform UL transmission on the other UL carrier for the TX UE to be switched and SL transmission on the SL BWP, the TX UE may prioritize one of the UL transmission for RACH procedure on the other UL carrier or the SL transmission on the SL SWP. 
     For example, when the RACH is triggered and the TX UE should switch from one UL BWP to the other UL BWP to perform RACH procedure, and if the TX UE cannot simultaneously perform UL transmission on the other UL BWP for the TX UE to be switched and SL transmission on the SL BWP, the TX UE may prioritize one of the UL transmission for RACH procedure on the other UL BWP or the SL transmission on the SL BWP. 
     For example, if the priority value of what triggers the RACH procedure is lower than the priority value of the SL transmission (e.g., priority of what triggers the RACH procedure is higher than the priority of the SL transmission), the TX UE may deactivate the SL BWP. Else, the TX UE may not switch to the other UL carrier (and/or the other UL BWP) and perform RACH procedure. Thus, the TX UE can perform the SL transmission on the SL BWP without deactivation of the SL BWP. 
     For example, if the priority value of what triggers the RACH procedure is lower than a threshold, and/or if the priority value of what triggers the RACH procedure is lower than a threshold and the priority value of the SL transmission is higher than a threshold, the TX UE may deactivate the SL BWP. Else, the TX UE may not switch to the other UL carrier (and/or the other UL BWP) and perform RACH procedure. Thus, the TX UE can perform the SL transmission on the SL BWP without deactivation of the SL BWP. 
     For example, the priority of what triggers the RACH procedure may correspond to one of the followings:
         The priority of beam failure triggering RACH procedure   The priority of a logical channel triggering RACH procedure for scheduling request   The highest priority of logical channels in a MAC PDU triggering RACH procedure   The priority of a MAC CE triggering RACH procedure for scheduling request       

     For example, the priority of the SL transmission may correspond to one of the followings:
         The highest priority of logical channels in a MAC PDU for the SL transmission   The highest priority of MAC CEs in a MAC PDU for the SL transmission       

     In  FIG.  13   , it is assumed that the UL transmission for RACH procedure on the other UL carrier and/or UL BWP is prioritized over the SL transmission on the SL BWP. 
     In step S 1310 , the TX UE switches from one UL carrier (e.g., the NUL carrier) to the other UL carrier (e.g., the SUL carrier). 
     In step S 1312 , the TX UE deactivates the SL BWP. 
     For example, if the SL BWP is deactivated, the MAC entity shall:
         not transmit PSBCH on the BWP, if configured;   not transmit PSCCH on the BWP;   not transmit SL-SCH on the BWP;   not receive PSFCH on the BWP, if configured.   not receive PSBCH on the BWP, if configured;   not receive PSCCH on the BWP;   not receive SL-SCH on the BWP;   not transmit PSFCH on the BWP, if configured.       

     In step S 1314 , the TX UE performs UL transmission (e.g., RACH preamble transmission) on the other UL carrier (e.g., the SUL carrier). 
     In step S 1316 , the TX UE receives a random access response in response to the RACH preamble transmission. 
     In step S 1318 , the TX UE activates the SL BWP. 
     In step S 1320 , the TX UE moves back to the NUL carrier. If the TX UE can simultaneously perform the UL transmission on the SL BWP and the UL transmission on the NUL carrier, the TX UE performs the UL transmission and the SL transmission. 
     In step S 1322 , the TX UE receives PDCCH indicating switching from one UL carrier (e.g., the NUL carrier) to the other UL carrier (e.g., the SUL carrier). Or, the TX UE receives PDCCH indicating switching from one UL BWP to the other UL BWP. 
     In step S 1324 , if the TX UE cannot simultaneously perform the UL transmission on the other UL carrier (and/or the other UL BWP) and the SL transmission on the SL BWP, the TX UE performs SL/UL prioritization. 
     For example, if the priority value of the UL transmission is lower than the priority value of the SL transmission (e.g., priority of the UL transmission is higher than the priority of the SL transmission), the TX UE may deactivate the SL BWP. Else, the TX UE may not switch to the other UL carrier (and/or the other UL BWP) and perform RACH procedure. Thus, the TX UE can perform the SL transmission on the SL BWP without deactivation of the SL BWP. 
     For example, if the priority value of the UL transmission is lower than a threshold, and/or if the priority value of the UL transmission is lower than a threshold and the priority value of the SL transmission is higher than a threshold, the TX UE may deactivate the SL BWP. Else, the TX UE may not switch to the other UL carrier (and/or the other UL BWP) and perform RACH procedure. Thus, the TX UE can perform SL transmission on the SL BWP without deactivation of the SL BWP. 
     For example, the priority of the UL transmission may correspond to one of the followings:
         The highest priority of logical channels in a MAC PDU for the UL transmission   The highest priority of MAC CEs in a MAC PDU for the UL transmission   The priority of uplink control information on PUCCH for the UL transmission   The priority of a logical channel triggering the UL transmission e.g. for scheduling request       

     For example, the priority of the SL transmission may correspond to one of the followings:
         The highest priority of logical channels in a MAC PDU for the SL transmission   The highest priority of MAC CEs in a MAC PDU for the SL transmission       

     In  FIG.  13   , it is assumed that the SL transmission on the SL BWP is prioritized over the UL transmission on the SUL carrier. 
     In step S 1326 , the TX UE de-prioritizes the SUL carrier. 
     In step S 1328 , the TX UE performs the SL transmission to the RX UE on the SL BWP. 
     For example, if the TX UE performs the SL transmission on the SL BWP, the TX UE may first trigger TX resource pool reselection procedure to select one or more resource pools. In the TX resource pool reselection procedure, the TX UE may select a resource pool on which measured CBR value is lower than a threshold, as a candidate resource pool. If one or more resource pools are considered as the candidate resource pools for TX resource pool (re-)selection, and if sl-HARQ-FeedbackEnabled has been set to Enabled for at least one sidelink logical channel allowed on the resource pool, the TX UE may select one or more resource pool(s) among the candidate resource pools with PSFCH resources with increasing order of CBR from the lowest CBR. Otherwise, the TX UE may select one or more resource pool(s) among the candidate resource pools without PSFCH resources with increasing order of CBR from the lowest CBR. 
     In step S 1330 , the TX UE receives again PDCCH indicating switching from one UL carrier (e.g., the NUL carrier) to the other UL carrier (e.g., the SUL carrier). Or, the TX UE receives PDCCH indicating switching from one UL BWP to the other UL BWP. 
     In step S 1332 , if the TX UE cannot simultaneously perform the UL transmission on the other UL carrier (and/or the other UL BWP) and the SL transmission on the SL BWP, the TX UE performs SL/UL prioritization. 
     In step S 1334 , the TX UE switches from one UL carrier (e.g., the NUL carrier) to the other UL carrier (e.g., the SUL carrier). 
     In step S 1336 , the TX UE deactivates the SL BWP. 
     In step S 1338 , the TX UE performs UL transmission on the other UL carrier (e.g., the SUL carrier). 
     According to the implementation 2 of the present disclosure, a UE performing UL transmission and SL transmission can properly deactivate SL BWP, in particular when the UE cannot simultaneously perform UL transmission and SL transmission. 
     According to the implementation 2 of the present disclosure, the system can properly handle deactivation of SL BWP for a UE performing UL transmission and SL transmission. 
     Claims in the present disclosure can be combined in a various way. For instance, technical features in method claims of the present disclosure can be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus, and technical features in apparatus claims can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method. Further, technical features in method claim(s) and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus. Further, technical features in method claim(s) and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method. Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.