Patent Publication Number: US-2023157375-A1

Title: Improved fit array for durable underwear

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/281,108, filed Nov. 19, 2021, the substance of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Several manufacturers currently offer durable absorbent underwear pants adapted for wear and use in containing and managing menstrual discharge or light to moderate incontinent urine discharge, each manufacturer typically offering an array of sizes of underwear of a common cut style. The size arrays currently offered, however, do not reflect awareness or intent to address market preferences for combinations of secure and comfortable fit with preferred level of fit pressure for the intended wearers, over the ranges of sizes offered. To satisfy their preferences, wearers often purchase underwear having manufacturer&#39;s size designations that are not well matched to their bodies. Wearers are often required to learn, through purchase trial and error, which size designations meet their preferences, for each particular manufacturer. Opportunity remains for improvement in sizing of garments of arrays, that better and more predictably meet purchasers&#39; sizing expectations and preferences, and reduce the need for such trial and error. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         FIG.  1    is a simplified depiction of an example of a brief pant, as it would appear laid out flat on a horizontal planar surface, front waist portion facing up. 
         FIG.  2    is a simplified depiction of another example of a brief pant, as it would appear laid out flat on a horizontal planar surface, front waist portion facing up. 
         FIG.  3    is a depiction of one example of a brief pant such as the one shown in  FIG.  1   , in an opened configuration wherein the front and rear waist portions have been separated at the hip portions or hip side seams, as it would appear laid out flat on a horizontal planar surface, wearer-facing surfaces facing up. 
         FIG.  4    is a simplified depiction of another example of a brief pant, as it would appear laid out flat on a horizontal planar surface, front waist portion facing up. 
         FIG.  5    is a simplified depiction of an example of a legged pant, as it would appear laid out flat on a horizontal planar surface, front waist portion facing up. 
         FIG.  6    is a simplified depiction of an example of a brief pant, as it would appear laid out flat on a horizontal planar surface, front waist portion facing up, with illustration relating to measurement of waist and hip sizes. 
         FIG.  7    is a simplified depiction of another example of a brief pant, as it would appear laid out flat on a horizontal planar surface, front waist portion facing up, with illustration relating to measurement of waist and hip sizes. 
         FIG.  8    is a simplified depiction of an example of a legged pant, as it would appear laid out flat on a horizontal planar surface, front waist portion facing up, with illustration relating to measurement of hip size. 
         FIG.  9    is a schematic illustration of various possible plots of differences in hip size change [HS(N+1)-HS(N)] versus pant size designations as contemplated herein. 
         FIG.  10    is a schematic illustration of various possible plots of the ratio (hip size/waist size) (shown as HS/WS) versus pant size designations as contemplated herein. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLES 
     Definitions 
     With respect to a wearable garment such as a pant, “durable” means having an outer structure made predominately of cloth material that is knitted and/or woven from natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic single- or multi-fiber thread or yarn, and which may be normally laundered or hand-washed and dried for reuse/re-wear a plurality of times without substantial loss of original shape, structure or useful mechanical attributes. A garment having an outer structure that is made predominately of nonwoven web material (composed of an accumulation of fibers or filaments that are neither knitted nor woven) and/or a polymeric film material is not deemed “durable” for purposes herein. 
     An “array” of products is a plurality of products of the same type marketed and/or packaged under a common trademark and/or brand name, made available contemporaneously for purchase in or through any channel. 
     With respect to garment products in an array of products of a common cut style designation, two “adjacently” sized products are products in the array with size designations that are closest each other, with no other products in the array having intermediate size designations sequentially between them. For example, if garment products in an array are offered as products of sequential size designations 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15, the products of sizes 8 and 9, 9 and 10, 10 and 11, 11 and 12, etc., respectively, are “adjacently” sized, while products 8 and 10, 9 and 13, 12 and 15, etc. are not “adjacently” sized. Similarly, if garment products in an array are offered as products of sequential size designations S, M, L, XL and XXL, products of sizes S and M, M and L, L and XL, etc., respectively, are “adjacently” sized, while products of sizes S and L, M and XL, etc., are not “adjacently” sized. 
     A yarn, thread, fiber, filament, web, film or fabric material, or a laminate or composite of any of these, is considered to be “elastic” or “elastomeric” for purposes herein if, when a tensile force no greater than 50 gf/mm (gf per mm of sample width, where width is measured perpendicular to the stretch direction) is applied to the subject material along a stretch direction, the material may be extended along the direction to an elongated dimension of at least 130% of its original relaxed dimension (i.e., can extend at least 30%), without rupture or breakage which substantially damages the subject material; and when the force is removed from the subject material, the material retracts along the stretch direction to recover at least 40% of such elongation. To illustrate, if a section of fabric having an original relaxed length of 100 mm and a width of 40 mm can be elongated by tensile force of 2000 gf (50 gf/mm) in a direction along its length to 130 mm length without substantial damage, and will retract upon removal of the force to a length no greater than 118 mm (130mm−118 mm=12 mm=40% of 30 mm), it is “elastic” as defined herein. “Elongation,” used herein to quantify and express an amount of strain imparted to an elastic material in a stretch direction, means: {[(strained length of the strand)−(length of the strand before straining)]/(length of the strand before straining)}, ×100%. 
     For a pant, the “hip size” is an actual measurement of the distance dimension of the longest lateral path present along a continuous inside surface of the pant, parallel a lateral crotch tangent line as described and depicted herein, with the fabric forming the pant along such path in a relaxed condition, but with any folds or wrinkles smoothed out. 
     For a pant, the “waist size” is an actual measurement of the distance of the path along the entire inside edge of the waist opening, when the waistband and/or region proximate the waist opening is in a relaxed condition, but with any folds or wrinkles smoothed out. 
     With respect to a pant in an opened configuration separated through the side portions (e.g., at side seams), laid out flat on a horizontal planar surface, “lateral” refers to a direction generally parallel to a line tangent each of the left and right leg opening edges where they are closest the front waist edge. With respect to a pant in an assembled configuration, laid out flat on a horizontal planar surface, front waist portion facing up, “lateral” refers to a direction generally parallel to a line tangent each of the left and right leg opening edges where they are closest the front waist edge. “Width” refers to a dimension measured along the lateral direction. Herein, the terms “x-direction” and “lateral direction” may be used interchangeably. These directions are indicated in the accompanying drawings by arrows, for purposes of illustration. 
     With respect to a pant in an opened configuration separated through the side portions (e.g., at side seams), laid out flat on a horizontal planar surface, “longitudinal” refers to a direction generally perpendicular to a line tangent each of the left and right leg opening edges where they are closest the front waist edge. With respect to a pant in an assembled configuration, laid out flat on a horizontal planar surface, front waist portion facing up, “longitudinal” refers to a direction generally perpendicular to a line tangent each of the left and right leg opening edges where they are closest the front waist edge. “Length” refers to a dimension measured along the longitudinal direction. Herein, the terms “y-direction” and “longitudinal direction” may be used interchangeably. These directions are indicated in the accompanying drawings by arrows, for purposes of illustration. 
     For purposes herein, “pant” includes any garment adapted for wear about the human lower torso, including a front waist portion and a rear waist portion that join to form side portions about the wearer&#39;s hips, and join beneath the wearer&#39;s crotch to form a crotch portion, to form a garment having a waist opening and a pair of leg openings. Herein, the term “pant” encompasses (but is not limited to) a garment defined herein as a “brief pant”; a garment defined herein as a “legged pant”, and any other garment whether adapted for use as underwear or outerwear, having such features. 
     “Size designation” means an indicator of relative overall size of a garment as compared to differing overall sizes of other garments of the same cut style designation offered by the same manufacturer or seller. In some examples relevant to women&#39;s underwear pants, manufacturers may use numerical size designations of sequential numbering, for example, sizes 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, etc. In other examples, manufacturers may use verbal size designations, which may be abbreviated, for example, “extra small” or “XS”; “small” or “S”; “medium” or “M”; “large” or “L”; “extra large” or “XL”; “extra extra large” or “XXL” or “2XL”, etc. A size designation may be associated with a garment in any suitable manner. For example, the size designation may be used in a description of the garment in advertising, marketing or other descriptive materials; it may be imprinted on a package in which the garment is offered for sale; or it may be imprinted directly on the garment, or on a tag or label attached or affixed to the garment. It will be understood that size designations are only relative, and useful for comparing and making selections from among garments of similar brand, functional type and cut style designation, and do not have a precise mathematical correlation to any particular actual dimension of a garment or any particular body measurement, given myriad potential combinations of garment types and styles, material types, material elasticity and cut styles. 
     “Cut style designation” refers to any verbal descriptor of a tailoring style of a garment, used by the manufacturer to inform potential purchasers of the tailoring style of the garment, for example, when the garment is not readily available for a trial donning and/or its tailoring style is not readily apparent unless the garment is actually donned. In the context of women&#39;s underwear pants, non-limiting, illustrative examples include “hipster”; “hip hugger”; “bikini”; “high waist”; “boy short”; etc. 
     With respect to two opposing surfaces of a layer component of a pant, or combination of layer components, “wearer-facing” refers to the surface that faces the wearer&#39;s skin when the pant is worn normally; and “outward-facing” refers to the surface that faces away from the wearer&#39;s skin. With respect to two distinct layered components of a pant, the “wearer-facing” component is the component that is disposed closest the wearer&#39;s skin when the pant is worn normally; and the “outward-facing” component is the component that is disposed farthest from the wearer&#39;s skin. 
     With respect to a pant in an opened configuration separated through the side portions (e.g., at side seams), laid out flat on a horizontal planar surface occupying an x-y plane, the “z-direction” is the direction orthogonal to the x-y plane, i.e., the vertical direction relative the horizontal planar surface. 
     For purposes herein, “pant” includes any garment adapted for wear about the human lower torso, including a front waist portion and a rear waist portion that join about the wearer&#39;s hips and beneath the wearer&#39;s crotch, to form a garment having a waist opening and a pair of leg openings. Herein, the term “pant” encompasses (but is not limited to) a garment defined herein as a “brief pant”; a garment defined herein as a “legged pant”, and any other garment whether adapted for use as underwear or outerwear, having such features. 
     For purposes herein, unless otherwise specified, with respect to the proportionate content of a component material in a composition or structure, “predominate” means the component constitutes the majority of the weight of the composition or structure. 
     For purposes herein, a “brief pant” is distinguished from a “legged pant” by the configuration of the inside leg edges, resulting from the manner in which the component materials are shaped, sized, proportioned and seamed or otherwise affixed together.  FIG.  4    depicts an example of a brief pant and  FIG.  5    depicts an example of a legged pant in alternative forms. When the garment in its assembled condition is laid out flat on a horizontal planar surface, front waist portion facing up, and a lateral crotch tangent line  500  is drawn perpendicularly to longitudinal axis  200  and tangent to the point at which the crotch portion lower profile 130a intersects the longitudinal axis  200 , 
     for a brief pant, the lowermost points 140a along the inside leg opening edges  140  are disposed along or above the crotch tangent line  500  (i.e., toward the front waist edge  102 ) (see  FIG.  4   ); and 
     for a legged pant, the lowermost points 140a along the inside leg opening edges  140  are disposed below the crotch tangent line  500  (i.e., away from the front waist edge  102 ) (see  FIG.  5   ). 
     General Pant Features 
     Generally, the underwear pants contemplated herein may have any features ordinarily associated with durable underwear pants, including underwear pants with added absorbency features for use in managing fluid discharges that accompany menstruation and incontinence. 
     The underwear pants may include any features described in, by way of non-limiting example, US 2021/0290447 and U.S. App. Ser. No. 63/184839. 
     For underwear, some women prefer brief pants rather than legged pants such as “boy shorts” styles for ordinary daily wear. Depending upon individualized body contours and personal preferences, this may be due to issues of comfort; unlike a legged, shorts-type pant, a brief pant ordinarily might not ride up and bunch about the legs from changes of body position, and thereby be a source of unwanted concentration of material bulk, tightness about the legs or other discomfort under outer clothing. Further, due to the manner in which their leg edges tend to cause the pant to fit through the crotch region of the body, brief pants having suitable elastic stretch characteristics may be preferred for maintaining a close fit about the female genital/urethra area, for purposes of protecting against leakage of body fluids such as menstrual fluid or unintended discharges of urine. On the other hand, some women may prefer legged pant styles for ordinary daily wear. Again, this will depend upon individualized body contours and personal preferences, and issues of comfort. Legged pant styles may be configured with appropriate tailoring and stretch features to closely conform to the wearer&#39;s body through the crotch region, and still enable projection against leakage of body fluids. Arrays of brief pants and arrays of legged pants are contemplated herein. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  1 - 5    as illustrative but non-limiting examples, a pant may include a front waist portion  100 , a rear waist portion  120  and a crotch portion  130  bridging the front and rear waist portions. Front waist portion  100  has a front waist edge  102 , and left and right front leg opening edges  104 . Rear waist portion  120  has a rear waist edge  122 , and left and right rear leg opening edges  124 . Crotch portion  130  has left and right crotch leg opening edges  140 . 
     Crotch portion  130  may include or consist of a crotch gusset  230  that may include one or more layer components added to the inside of the pant at least in the crotch portion, included for purposes of adding or enhancing fluid absorbency. (For purposes herein, the “crotch portion  130 ” is a portion of a pant identified as described herein, independently of specific components or structures. A “crotch gusset  230 ” is structural component that may include at one or more added, distinct layers that may bridge the front waist portion  100  and the rear waist portion  120 . Referring to  FIG.  3   , for purposes herein, crotch portion  130  is the portion of the pant, at a minimum, lying between crotch portion minimum front extent  401  and crotch portion minimum rear extent  402 , longitudinally centered about crotch portion lateral axis  301 . Crotch lateral axis  301  is drawn along the smallest measurable width dimension between the crotch leg opening edges  140 . Crotch portion front extent  401  and rear extent  402  are parallel to crotch portion lateral axis  301  and are each located at 10 percent of the overall length L of the pant respectively to the front and the rear of crotch portion lateral axis  301 . As suggested by  FIG.  3   , it may be desired that the crotch portion lateral axis  301  be disposed forward of the lateral axis  300  (which equally divides overall length L), rather than be co-located with lateral axis  300 , for purposes of better fit about an adult female wearer&#39;s legs and lower torso. Thus, the respective boundaries between crotch portion  130  and front and rear waist portions  100 ,  120  for purposes herein are independent of the location(s) of any seams such as seams  134 ,  138  that may be present to join material(s) included in the crotch gusset  230  and material(s) included in the front and rear waist portions  100 ,  120 . 
     Material(s) forming crotch portion  130  may be continuous with material(s) forming front and rear waist portions  100 ,  120 , or alternatively, one or both of forward and rearward portions of the crotch portion  130  and/or crotch gusset  230  may be substantially formed of one or more sections or layers of material that are distinct from material(s) substantially forming one or both of front and rear waist portions  100 ,  120 . Crotch gusset  230  may be joined to front and rear waist portions  100 ,  120  at one or both of forward seam  134  and rearward seam  138 . In illustrative but non-limiting examples reflected in  FIGS.  1  and  2   , front waist portion  100 , an outward-facing layer of crotch portion  130 , and rear waist portion  120 , may be formed partially or entirely of a first single, continuous section of material. In the examples shown, one or more additional layers of material may be added to crotch portion  130  on the wearer-facing side as shown, and be affixed to the first section of material via, e.g., stitching/sewing, adhesive bonding, thermal bonding (fusing or welding) or other suitable attachment/joining mechanism (hereinafter, attachment mechanism) at forward and rearward seams  134 ,  138 , and/or along the leg edges including inside leg opening edges  140 , thereby forming a crotch gusset  230 . 
     In other illustrative but non-limiting examples (not specifically shown), the sections of materials respectively forming front waist portion  100 , rear waist portion  120  and crotch gusset  230  may be separate and distinct, and joined via any suitable attachment mechanism at forward and rearward seams  134 ,  138 . 
     Hip side portions  160  may include side seams  161 , at which the front waist portion  100  and rear waist portion  120  are joined together in the fully assembled pant. In some examples the front waist portion  100  and rear waist portion  120  will be of substantially equal lateral dimensions or widths, resulting in the disposition of side seams  161  at the laterally outermost portions at the hip side portions  160 , as suggested in  FIG.  1   . In other examples, the front waist portion  100  and rear waist portion  120  may be of differing lateral dimensions or widths (as may be appreciated when the pant structure is opened at the side seams and laid out flat), resulting in the disposition of side seams  161  forward or rearward of the laterally outermost portions of the hip side portions  160 . For example, as shown in  FIG.  2   , the rear waist portion  120  may be wider along, e.g., rear waist edge  122 , than front waist portion  100  and front waist edge  102 . As a result, side seams  161  are disposed forward of the laterally outermost portions of hip side portions  160 . 
     Materials Selection 
     Generally, the front and rear waist portions  100 ,  120  of suitable examples of a pant may be formed of any fabric material or combination of fabric and other materials known and used as components of underwear, swimwear or athletic/active wear, exhibiting suitable attributes that may include, depending upon the location of the fabric within the structure, pleasing feel against the skin (softness and/or low-friction/smooth/silky feel), low caliper/bulk, elongation capability, elasticity, absorbency, wicking ability, breathability, etc. 
     Crotch portion  130  and/or crotch gusset  230 , in some examples requiring absorbency and longitudinal elastic stretch attributes, may include a combination of several materials selected to impart the structure with the desired attributes. 
     Fabric Structure 
     Most durable fabrics exhibit anisotropic elongation capabilities. Generally, it may be desired that materials included to form the front waist portion  100 , rear waist portion  120 , crotch portion  130  and crotch gusset  230  be one or more knitted fabrics. 
     The constituent yarns or threads of knitted fabrics do not follow straight paths along the plane of the fabric, and are neither parallel nor perpendicular to each other. Rather, each constituent yarn or thread of a knitted fabric follows a looping path along successive rows, interlooping with one or more constituent yarns or threads in adjacent rows. As a result, knitted fabrics generally exhibit elongation capability along all directions, even where the constituent yarns or threads themselves are not elastic. For this reason, unless a woven fabric is desired for a particular reason, it may be preferred that a knitted fabric be used to form any one or more, or all, of the fabric layers included to form the pant. 
     Even so, most types of knitted fabrics have elongation capabilities that are anisotropic along the plane of the fabric, having a first direction of greatest elongation capability and a second direction, perpendicular to the first direction, of least elongation capability. Accordingly, when knitted fabric is selected and used to form waist portions of the pant  100 ,  120 , it may be desired that the fabric(s) forming those portions be oriented such that their directions of greatest elongation capability are at least approximately parallel with the lateral direction of the pant. This may be desired because underwear pants are typically required to stretch most in the lateral direction, when being donned and worn. In some examples, however, such as when the pant is an absorbent pant designed for management of bodily fluid discharges (menstrual fluid or urine), it may be desired that knitted fabric material(s) forming one or more layers in the crotch portion  130 , for examples, materials forming a crotch gusset  230 , be oriented so as to have their direction of greatest elongation/stretch capability at least approximately parallel with the longitudinal direction, as discussed in US 2021/0290447. 
     Arrays 
     Manufacturers of underwear pants often offer their products in several cut styles, in accompaniment with cut style designations. For example, a manufacturer may offer underwear products designated as “hipster” style, “bikini” style, “high waist” or “full coverage” style, “boy short” style, etc. These designations are generally intended to be suggestive or descriptive of the tailoring styles of the products, which may not be readily apparent to the wearer until they are actually removed from the retail packaging, and donned. 
     Manufacturers also typically offer arrays of pants of each cut style they make, of a number of sizes. The manufacturer will assign each size in the array a size designation. Examples of size designations commonly used include verbal descriptors and abbreviations thereof, like “extra small” or “XS”; “small” or “S”; “medium” or “M”; “large” or “L”, “extra large” or “XL”, “double extra large” or “XXL” or “2XL”, etc. Other examples of size designations include standard numerical size designations, e.g., sizes 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,14, etc. 
     There are accepted, although not necessarily universal or standardized, published charts correlating commonly-used size designations and, for example, intended wearer waist and/or hip measurements. For example, the following correlations are currently published by a US garment industry source, for the US market: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Intended 
                 Intended 
               
               
                 Numerical Size 
                 Verbal Size 
                 Wearer Waist 
                 Wearer Hip 
               
               
                 Designation 
                 Designation 
                 Measurement 
                 Measurement 
               
               
                 (US) 
                 (abbreviation) 
                 (inches) 
                 (inches) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 2 
                 XXS 
                 21-22 
                 27-29 
               
               
                 3 
                 XS 
                 23-24 
                 30-32 
               
               
                 4 
                 S 
                 25-26 
                 33-35 
               
               
                 5 
                 M 
                 27-28 
                 36-38 
               
               
                 6 
                 L 
                 29-31 
                 39-41 
               
               
                 7 
                 XL 
                 32-34 
                 42-44 
               
               
                 8 
                 XXL 
                 35-37 
                 45-47 
               
               
                 9 
                 3XL 
                 38-41 
                 48-50 
               
               
                 10 
                 4XL 
                 42-44 
                 51-53 
               
               
                 11 
                 5XL 
                 45-47 
                 54-56 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (See http://sizechart.com/panties/us/index.html.) 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     While such sizing correlation charts are sometimes used by manufacturers of women&#39;s underwear for purposes of sizing products for arrays of products of a common cut style designation, they are not standardized or universal. Further, manufacturers often deviate from these, or rely on alternative sizing correlation charts. Manufacturers are also not necessarily consistent with each other in the uses of sizing designations. Adding complexity, there are myriad cut styles available, and imaginable, and permutations of combinations thereof, with a large variety of suitable fabrics (having, e.g., varying stretch characteristics) that impact garment sizing and correlation with intended wearer measurements. 
     Through research in connection with fit preferences of adult female wearers/users of absorbent underwear for managing incontinence, two general preference trends in the market have been discovered that, it is believed, have not been previously recognized by manufacturers and sellers of underwear for women, or at least manufacturers of absorbent underwear for managing menstrual discharge and/or incontinence. In this research, it has been discovered that (1) as wearers grow larger in their body measurements, they tend to prefer underwear that fits more snugly, i.e., exerts comparatively greater pressure inwardly against the body (“normal pressure”), during wear; and (2) as wearers grow larger in their body measurements, they tend to prefer underwear in which the ratio between hip size and waist size of the underwear (measured as described below) decreases. 
     Following discovery of these general preferences, it has been further discovered that sizing underwear pants constituting an array, of a particular cut style designation, in a manner consistent with these preferences, results in greater wearer satisfaction with purchase decisions based on the manufacturer&#39;s size designations, and with the wearers&#39; perceptions of satisfactory fit of the purchased pant product. 
     To illustrate, using the correlation chart above a first wearer of relatively smaller body measurements may purchase an underwear pant product having a size designation of, e.g., “small”. A product having that size designation will be sized by the manufacturer in a manner believed to result in a properly- and comfortably-fitting garment for a wearer having the published, intended hip measurements as set forth in the chart above, i.e., 33-35 inches, or an average of 34 inches. Using a fabric that has elastic stretch properties to make the waist portions of the pant, the manufacturer may size the pant to have a pant hip size smaller than the intended wearer hip measurement, assuming, e.g., that the fabric will be required to stretch laterally 50 percent beyond its relaxed size, upon donning and wear. Thus, the manufacturer may choose to size the pant with a hip size of 22.7 inches (34 inches/150 percent). To make a larger size pant of the same cut style designation, the same manufacturer, using the same fabric, may simply decide to increase the pant hip size dimension in direct accordance with the increase of intended wearer hip measurement in the published correlations. Thus, for a second wearer having relatively larger body measurements, e.g., hip measurement of 45-47 inches, the manufacturer may offer the product with an “XXL” size designation, and size the product as 22.7 inches+(46 inches−34 inches)=34.7 inches. 
     It will be noted, however, that such a sizing choice by the manufacturer for the larger size pant can result in a more loosely-fitting pant about the hips of the larger intended wearer—because less fabric stretch per unit unstretched dimension will be required of the larger pant to fit the intended wearer, than of the smaller pant: While the smaller pant will be required to stretch laterally by 50 percent (as assumed), the larger pant will only be required to stretch laterally by [(46 inches−34.7 inches)/34.7 inches]×100 percent=32.6 percent. This will result in a more loosely-fitting pant, which exerts less normal pressure on the wearer&#39;s body, than the smaller pant. Such an approach would not recognize the wearer market preference identified herein. 
     From measurements taken of products of two differing arrays of underwear pants currently offered by one manufacturer, it has been observed that these products do not reflect observance of the wearer market preference identified herein, and further, that such arrays appear to have pant size increases associated with size designation steps upward, that seem not to have been determined in a consistent manner. Samples of arrays of SPEAX absorbent underwear (Thinx, Inc., New York, N.Y., USA) in two cut style designations, “Hi-Waist” and “Hiphugger”, were obtained and measured. Tables 1A, 1B, 2A and 2B below reflect the size designation data provided by the manufacturer, the measured hip and waist sizes recorded, and calculated figures including normal pressure as indicated and the ratio of hip size to waist size. Normal pressure was calculated based on measured total lateral tensile force at the hip size measurement locations, based on an assumption of a cylindrical body shape having a circumference equal to the intended wearer hip measurement, at an applied strain amount sufficient to laterally stretch the pant to a hip dimension equal to the intended wearer hip measurement. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1A 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Intended 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Verbal size 
                 wearer hip 
                 Pant hip 
                 Hip size 
                   
                 Normal 
               
               
                 Product 
                 design. 
                 meas. 
                 size 
                 increase 
                 Hip size 
                 pressure at 
               
               
                 Array 
                 (abbrev.) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 increase % 
                 hip (psi) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Speax Hi- 
                 XS 
                 851 
                 561 
                   
                   
                 0.055 
               
               
                 Waist 
                 S 
                 902 
                 597 
                 36 
                 106.3% 
                 0.051 
               
               
                   
                 M 
                 953 
                 613 
                 16 
                 102.7% 
                 0.055 
               
               
                   
                 L 
                 1003 
                 668 
                 55 
                 109.0% 
                 0.044 
               
               
                   
                 XL 
                 1054 
                 720 
                 52 
                 107.7% 
                 0.037 
               
               
                   
                 2XL 
                 1105 
                 795 
                 75 
                 110.4% 
                 0.025 
               
               
                   
                 3XL 
                 1156 
                 800 
                 5 
                 100.7% 
                 0.031 
               
               
                   
                 4XL 
                 1207 
                 882 
                 82 
                 110.3% 
                 0.021 
               
               
                   
                 5XL 
                 1257 
                 894 
                 12 
                 101.3% 
                 0.024 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1B 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Pant hip 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Intended 
                   
                   
                   
                 size to 
                 Pant Hip 
               
               
                   
                 Verbal size 
                 wearer hip 
                 Pant waist 
                 Waist size 
                 Pant waist 
                 waist size 
                 Size to 
               
               
                 Product 
                 design. 
                 meas. 
                 size 
                 increase 
                 size 
                 difference 
                 Waist Size 
               
               
                 Array 
                 (abbrev.) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 increase % 
                 (mm) 
                 Ratio 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Speax Hi- 
                 XS 
                 851 
                 455 
                   
                   
                 106 
                 1.23 
               
               
                 Waist 
                 S 
                 902 
                 493 
                 38 
                 108.3% 
                 104 
                 1.21 
               
               
                   
                 M 
                 953 
                 494 
                 1 
                 100.3% 
                 119 
                 1.24 
               
               
                   
                 L 
                 1003 
                 537 
                 43 
                 108.7% 
                 131 
                 1.24 
               
               
                   
                 XL 
                 1054 
                 592 
                 56 
                 110.4% 
                 127 
                 1.22 
               
               
                   
                 2XL 
                 1105 
                 680 
                 88 
                 114.8% 
                 114 
                 1.17 
               
               
                   
                 3XL 
                 1156 
                 681 
                 1 
                 100.1% 
                 119 
                 1.18 
               
               
                   
                 4XL 
                 1207 
                 768 
                 87 
                 112.7% 
                 114 
                 1.15 
               
               
                   
                 5XL 
                 1257 
                 768 
                 0 
                 100.0% 
                 126 
                 1.16 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2A 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Intended 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Verbal size 
                 wearer hip 
                 Pant hip 
                 Hip size 
                   
                 Normal 
               
               
                 Product 
                 design. 
                 meas. 
                 size 
                 increase 
                 Hip size 
                 pressure at 
               
               
                 Array 
                 (abbrev.) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 increase % 
                 hip (psi) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Speax 
                 XS 
                 851 
                 601 
                   
                   
                 0.045 
               
               
                 Hiphugger 
                 S 
                 902 
                 651 
                 50 
                 108.2% 
                 0.038 
               
               
                   
                 M 
                 953 
                 701 
                 50 
                 107.7% 
                 0.031 
               
               
                   
                 L 
                 1003 
                 727 
                 26 
                 103.7% 
                 0.033 
               
               
                   
                 XL 
                 1054 
                 756 
                 29 
                 104.0% 
                 0.034 
               
               
                   
                 2XL 
                 1105 
                 784 
                 28 
                 103.7% 
                 0.034 
               
               
                   
                 3XL 
                 1156 
                 798 
                 14 
                 101.8% 
                 0.038 
               
               
                   
                 4XL 
                 1207 
                 854 
                 56 
                 107.0% 
                 0.032 
               
               
                   
                 5XL 
                 1257 
                 897 
                 43 
                 105.1% 
                 0.029 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2B 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Pant hip 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Intended 
                   
                   
                   
                 size to 
                 Pant Hip 
               
               
                   
                 Verbal size 
                 wearer hip 
                 Pant waist 
                 Waist size 
                 Pant waist 
                 waist size 
                 Size to 
               
               
                 Product 
                 design. 
                 meas. 
                 size 
                 increase 
                 size 
                 difference 
                 Waist Size 
               
               
                 Array 
                 (abbrev.) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 increase % 
                 (mm) 
                 Ratio 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Speax 
                 XS 
                 851 
                 557 
                   
                   
                 45 
                 1.08 
               
               
                 Hiphugger 
                 S 
                 902 
                 582 
                 25 
                 104.5% 
                 69 
                 1.12 
               
               
                   
                 M 
                 953 
                 605 
                 23 
                 104.0% 
                 96 
                 1.16 
               
               
                   
                 L 
                 1003 
                 609 
                 4 
                 100.6% 
                 118 
                 1.19 
               
               
                   
                 XL 
                 1054 
                 656 
                 47 
                 107.8% 
                 100 
                 1.15 
               
               
                   
                 2XL 
                 1105 
                 720 
                 64 
                 109.8% 
                 64 
                 1.09 
               
               
                   
                 3XL 
                 1156 
                 732 
                 12 
                 101.6% 
                 67 
                 1.09 
               
               
                   
                 4XL 
                 1207 
                 798 
                 66 
                 109.0% 
                 56 
                 1.07 
               
               
                   
                 5XL 
                 1257 
                 833 
                 36 
                 104.5% 
                 64 
                 1.08 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     From the data above, it can be seen that the examples of SPEAX underwear pants measured did not exhibit consistent or uniform increases or decreases in hip or waist size, with steps up in size designation. Rather, the hip and waist size data above indicates inconsistencies in increases and decreases of upward sizing increments, with upward step changes in size designations. 
     Further, from calculations of normal pressure based on measured lateral tensile forces and applied strain at the pant hip size measurement locations (identified as described below) (assuming a cylindrical body shape with a circumference equal to the intended wearer hip measurement), the pants studied did not exhibit consistency or uniform increases in normal pressure, with upward step changes in size designation. Rather, the calculated pressure data shown above indicates several decreases in normal pressure associated with several upward step changes in size designations, among pants in the arrays. 
     Such array sizing does not reflect awareness of the discovery, identified herein, that as wearers&#39; body measurements increase, their preferences shift toward relatively more snugly-fitting underpants. Assuming that first and second wearers in the illustration set forth above were making their selections according to the published sizing correlation and their actual body measurements, the larger-measurement wearer would experience a product that fits more loosely than the product purchased by the smaller-measurement wearer, and might be dissatisfied as a result. Through purchase trial-and-error the larger-measurement wearer then may identify and select a product having a size designation smaller than what is indicated by the manufacturer for her body measurements, to obtain a more snugly-fitting product. The trial-and-error that the larger-measurement wearer must undergo to identify a product with satisfactory fit is not deemed an efficient or desirable situation for satisfying purchaser-wearer expectations. A further risk to the manufacturer/seller is that the purchaser-wearer may simply conclude that the particular product/brand does not fit properly or according to her preferences, and then move on to shop competitor&#39;s products. 
     It has been learned that an array of underwear pants of a common cut style designation (and fabric constitution) may be sized in a manner such that their hip sizes (with fabric in a relaxed condition), are not increased in direct 1:1 proportion to the increase in intended wearer hip measurements, and thereby, can be sized within the array to result in consistent or increasing normal pressure for the wearer, with upward steps in pant size designations. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that such sizing scheme for underwear pants in an array of any particular cut style designation will reduce wearer effort and potential frustration with underwear product size selection, and thereby promote greater purchaser-wearer satisfaction. 
     Accordingly, in any array of underwear pants of a common cut style designation having, e.g., five differing, sequentially adjacent size designations, in which: 
     a pant of a first size designation S1 has a first pant hip size HS1, 
     a pant of a second size designation S2 has a second pant hip size HS2, 
     a pant of a third size designation S3 has a third pant hip size HS3, 
     a pant of a fourth size designation S4 has a fourth pant hip size HS4, and 
     a pant of a fifth size designation S5 has a fifth pant hip size HS5, 
     the manufacturer may desire to size the pants in the array such that for any plurality of pants of sequentially adjacent size designations in the array, the pant hip sizes have the following relationship, or for any plurality of adjacent size designations fewer than five in number, a subpart thereof: 
       (HS2−HS1)≥(HS3−HS2)≥(HS4−HS3)≥(HS5−HS4).
 
     In addition, or in the alternative, the manufacturer may desire to size the pants in the array such that for any plurality of pants of sequentially adjacent size designations in the array, the pant hip sizes have the following relationship, or for any plurality of adjacent size designations fewer than five in number, a subpart thereof: 
       [(HS2−HS1)/HS1]≥[(HS3−HS2)/HS2]≥[(HS4−HS3)/HS3]≥[(HS5−HS4)]/HS4].
 
     Expressed verbally, these relationships mean, generally, that as the manufacturer&#39;s size designations for pants in an array of a particular cut style designation go up sequentially, the associated upward steps in actual pant hip sizes in the array are either equal, or decrease. Various possible conceptual examples of this relationship are illustrated in  FIG.  9   . Plot  9   a  represents a sizing scheme in which each size designation in the array (from S2 up) involves an equal increase in pant hip size, over the increase of pant hip size associated the adjacent lower size designation. Plots  9   b - 9   d  represent sizing schemes in which each size designation in the array (from S2 up) involves an increase in pant hip size that is less than the increase in hip size associated with the adjacent lower designation. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that such sizing scheme becomes particularly important to the wearer market for arrays or subparts of arrays of relatively larger sizes, e.g., actual pant hip sizes equal to or greater than 760 mm. 
     For arrays of underwear pants having more than five differing and distinct size designations, the mathematical relationships set forth above may be continued with each additional size designation (S6, S7, and so on), e.g., 
       (HS5−HS4)≥(HS6−HS5)≥(HS7−HS6), and so on, and
 
       [(HS5−HS4)/HS4]≥[(HS6−HS5)]/HS5]≥[(HS7−HS6)]/HS6], and so on.
 
     With respect to underwear pants that are intended/designed to be used to contain and/or absorb discharges of fluid resulting from menstruation or incontinence, it should be noted that the consistency or increase in normal pressure against the wearer&#39;s body with increasing size designation, resulting from sizing according to this sizing scheme, can help provide an array of underwear pants that more effectively and consistently conform to wearer&#39;s bodies so as to hold absorbent components thereof against wearer&#39;s bodies, throughout the range of size designations in the array—particularly when the absorbent components are weighed down and/or made bulkier with absorbed fluid. In this regard, when array features herein are combined with longitudinal stretch features of underwear pants described in US 2021/0290447, further synergistic body conformance benefits can result. 
     In a manner similar to increasing pant hip size in association with upward steps in designated size according to a sizing scheme as described above, pant waist sizes also may be increased in association with designated sizes such that they observe the discovery described herein. Accordingly, in any array of underwear pants of a common cut style designation having, e.g., five differing and distinct size designations in the array, in which: 
     a pant of a first size designation S1 has a first pant waist size WS1, 
     a pant of a second size designation S2 has a second pant waist size WS2, 
     a pant of a third size designation S3 has a third pant waist WS3, 
     a pant of a fourth size designation S4 has a fourth pant waist size WS4, and 
     a pant of a fifth size designation S5 has a fifth pant waist size WS5, 
     the manufacturer may desire to size the pants in the array such that for any plurality of pants of sequentially adjacent size designations in the array, the pant waist sizes have the following relationship, or for any plurality of adjacent size designations fewer than five in number, an associated subpart thereof: 
       (WS2−S1)≥(WS3−S2)≥(WS4−S3)≥(WS5−S4).
 
     In addition, or in the alternative, the manufacturer may desire to size the pants in the array such that for any plurality of pants of sequentially adjacent size designations, the pant hip sizes have the following relationship, or for any plurality of adjacent size designations fewer than five in number, an associated subpart thereof: 
       [(WS2−S1)/WS1]≥[(WS3−S2)/WS2]≥[(WS4−S3)/WS3]≥[(WS5−S4)]/WS4].
 
     Expressed verbally, these relationships mean, generally, that as the manufacturer&#39;s size designations for pants in an array of a particular cut style designation go up sequentially, the corresponding upward steps in actual pant waist sizes in the array are either equal, or decrease. 
     For arrays of underwear pants having more than five differing and distinct size designations in the array, the mathematical relationships set forth above may be continued with each additional size designation (S6, S7, and so on), e.g., 
       (WS5−S4)≥(WS6−S5)≥(WS7−S6), and so on, and
 
       [(WS5−S4)/WS4]≥[(WS6−S5)]/WS5]≥[(WS7−S6)]/WS6], and so on.
 
     For purposes of experimentation and discovery, prototype underwear pants constituting respective potential arrays of two differing cut styles were manufactured to particular size specifications. The component material used for the prototypes was a knitted fabric of 76 percent nylon and 24 percent Lycra Spandex, obtained from IKAR Ltd. (Raanana, Israel and New York, N.Y., USA). In each of the pants, the direction of greatest elongation of the fabric was oriented at least approximately parallel to the lateral direction thereof. Hip sizes and waist sizes for each pant were measured, and estimates of the normal pressure they would apply to a wearer were calculated as described above. Tables 3A through 6A below contain the measured and calculated data: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3A 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Intended 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Verbal size 
                 wearer hip 
                 Pant hip 
                 Hip size 
                   
                 Normal 
               
               
                 Product 
                 design. 
                 meas. 
                 size 
                 increase 
                 Hip size 
                 pressure at 
               
               
                 Array 
                 (abbrev.) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 increase % 
                 hip (psi) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Prototype 
                 XS 
                 851 
                 653 
                   
                   
                 0.035 
               
               
                 Array 1 
                 S 
                 902 
                 686 
                 33 
                 105.1% 
                 0.035 
               
               
                 High Waist 
                 M 
                 953 
                 719 
                 33 
                 104.8% 
                 0.035 
               
               
                 Brief 
                 L 
                 1003 
                 751 
                 32 
                 104.5% 
                 0.035 
               
               
                 Uniform 
                 XL 
                 1054 
                 783 
                 32 
                 104.3% 
                 0.035 
               
               
                 Pressure by 
                 2XL 
                 1105 
                 815 
                 32 
                 104.0% 
                 0.035 
               
               
                 Size 
                 3XL 
                 1156 
                 846 
                 31 
                 103.8% 
                 0.035 
               
               
                   
                 4XL 
                 1207 
                 877 
                 31 
                 103.6% 
                 0.035 
               
               
                   
                 5XL 
                 1257 
                 908 
                 31 
                 103.5% 
                 0.035 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3B 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Pant hip 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Intended 
                   
                   
                   
                 size to 
                 Pant Hip 
               
               
                   
                 Verbal size 
                 wearer hip 
                 Pant waist 
                 Waist size 
                 Pant waist 
                 waist size 
                 Size to 
               
               
                 Product 
                 design. 
                 meas. 
                 size 
                 increase 
                 size 
                 difference 
                 Waist Size 
               
               
                 Array 
                 (abbrev.) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 increase % 
                 (mm) 
                 Ratio 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Prototype 
                 XS 
                 851 
                 522 
                   
                   
                 131 
                 1.25 
               
               
                 Array 1 
                 S 
                 902 
                 557 
                 35 
                 106.7% 
                 129 
                 1.23 
               
               
                 High Waist 
                 M 
                 953 
                 593 
                 36 
                 106.4% 
                 126 
                 1.21 
               
               
                 Brief 
                 L 
                 1003 
                 629 
                 36 
                 106.2% 
                 122 
                 1.19 
               
               
                 Decreasing 
                 XL 
                 1054 
                 667 
                 37 
                 105.9% 
                 117 
                 1.18 
               
               
                 Hip Size/ 
                 2XL 
                 1105 
                 705 
                 38 
                 105.7% 
                 110 
                 1.16 
               
               
                 Waist Size 
                 3XL 
                 1156 
                 744 
                 39 
                 105.5% 
                 102 
                 1.14 
               
               
                 Ratio with 
                 4XL 
                 1207 
                 784 
                 40 
                 105.4% 
                 93 
                 1.12 
               
               
                 Increasing 
                 5XL 
                 1257 
                 825 
                 41 
                 105.2% 
                 83 
                 1.10 
               
               
                 Size Desig. 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4A 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Intended 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Verbal size 
                 wearer hip 
                 Pant hip 
                 Hip size 
                   
                 Normal 
               
               
                 Product 
                 design. 
                 meas. 
                 size 
                 increase 
                 Hip size 
                 pressure at 
               
               
                 Array 
                 (abbrev.) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 increase % 
                 hip (psi) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Prototype 
                 XS 
                 851 
                 662 
                   
                   
                 0.032 
               
               
                 Array 2 
                 S 
                 902 
                 690 
                 28 
                 104.3% 
                 0.034 
               
               
                 High Waist 
                 M 
                 953 
                 717 
                 27 
                 103.9% 
                 0.036 
               
               
                 Brief 
                 L 
                 1003 
                 742 
                 25 
                 103.5% 
                 0.038 
               
               
                 Increasing 
                 XL 
                 1054 
                 766 
                 24 
                 103.2% 
                 0.040 
               
               
                 Pressure by 
                 2XL 
                 1105 
                 788 
                 22 
                 102.9% 
                 0.043 
               
               
                 Size 
                 3XL 
                 1156 
                 809 
                 21 
                 102.6% 
                 0.045 
               
               
                   
                 4XL 
                 1207 
                 828 
                 19 
                 102.3% 
                 0.048 
               
               
                   
                 5XL 
                 1257 
                 844 
                 17 
                 102.0% 
                 0.051 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4B 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Pant hip 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Intended 
                   
                   
                   
                 size to 
                 Pant Hip 
               
               
                   
                 Verbal size 
                 wearer hip 
                 Pant waist 
                 Waist size 
                 Pant waist 
                 waist size 
                 Size to 
               
               
                 Product 
                 design. 
                 meas. 
                 size 
                 increase 
                 size 
                 difference 
                 Waist Size 
               
               
                 Array 
                 (abbrev.) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 increase % 
                 (mm) 
                 Ratio 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Prototype 
                 XS 
                 851 
                 529 
                   
                   
                 132 
                 1.25 
               
               
                 Array 2 
                 S 
                 902 
                 560 
                 31 
                 105.9% 
                 130 
                 1.23 
               
               
                 High Waist 
                 M 
                 953 
                 591 
                 31 
                 105.5% 
                 126 
                 1.21 
               
               
                 Brief 
                 L 
                 1003 
                 622 
                 31 
                 105.2% 
                 120 
                 1.19 
               
               
                 Decreasing 
                 XL 
                 1054 
                 652 
                 30 
                 104.9% 
                 114 
                 1.18 
               
               
                 Hip Size/ 
                 2XL 
                 1105 
                 682 
                 30 
                 104.6% 
                 107 
                 1.16 
               
               
                 Waist Size 
                 3XL 
                 1156 
                 711 
                 29 
                 104.3% 
                 98 
                 1.14 
               
               
                 Ratio with 
                 4XL 
                 1207 
                 740 
                 29 
                 104.0% 
                 88 
                 1.12 
               
               
                 Increasing 
                 5XL 
                 1257 
                 768 
                 28 
                 103.8% 
                 77 
                 1.10 
               
               
                 Size Desig. 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5A 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Intended 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Verbal size 
                 wearer hip 
                 Pant hip 
                 Hip size 
                   
                 Normal 
               
               
                 Product 
                 design. 
                 meas. 
                 size 
                 increase 
                 Hip size 
                 pressure at 
               
               
                 Array 
                 (abbrev.) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 increase % 
                 hip (psi) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Prototype 
                 XS 
                 851 
                 680 
                   
                   
                 0.035 
               
               
                 Array 3 
                 S 
                 902 
                 715 
                 35 
                 105.2% 
                 0.035 
               
               
                 Hipster 
                 M 
                 953 
                 750 
                 35 
                 104.9% 
                 0.035 
               
               
                 Uniform 
                 L 
                 1003 
                 784 
                 34 
                 104.6% 
                 0.035 
               
               
                 Pressure by 
                 XL 
                 1054 
                 818 
                 34 
                 104.3% 
                 0.035 
               
               
                 Size 
                 2XL 
                 1105 
                 851 
                 33 
                 104.1% 
                 0.035 
               
               
                   
                 3XL 
                 1156 
                 884 
                 33 
                 103.9% 
                 0.035 
               
               
                   
                 4XL 
                 1207 
                 917 
                 33 
                 103.7% 
                 0.035 
               
               
                   
                 5XL 
                 1257 
                 950 
                 32 
                 103.5% 
                 0.035 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5B 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Pant hip 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Intended 
                   
                   
                   
                 size to 
                 Pant Hip 
               
               
                   
                 Verbal size 
                 wearer hip 
                 Pant waist 
                 Waist size 
                 Pant waist 
                 waist size 
                 Size to 
               
               
                 Product 
                 design. 
                 meas. 
                 size 
                 increase 
                 size 
                 difference 
                 Waist Size 
               
               
                 Array 
                 (abbrev.) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 increase % 
                 (mm) 
                 Ratio 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Prototype 
                 XS 
                 851 
                 591 
                   
                   
                 89 
                 1.15 
               
               
                 Array 3 
                 S 
                 902 
                 628 
                 37 
                 106.3% 
                 86 
                 1.14 
               
               
                 Hipster 
                 M 
                 953 
                 666 
                 38 
                 106.0% 
                 83 
                 1.13 
               
               
                 Decreasing 
                 L 
                 1003 
                 705 
                 38 
                 105.8% 
                 79 
                 1.11 
               
               
                 Hip Size/ 
                 XL 
                 1054 
                 743 
                 39 
                 105.5% 
                 74 
                 1.10 
               
               
                 Waist Size 
                 2XL 
                 1105 
                 783 
                 39 
                 105.3% 
                 68 
                 1.09 
               
               
                 Ratio with 
                 3XL 
                 1156 
                 823 
                 40 
                 105.1% 
                 62 
                 1.08 
               
               
                 Increasing 
                 4XL 
                 1207 
                 863 
                 40 
                 104.9% 
                 54 
                 1.06 
               
               
                 Size Desig. 
                 5XL 
                 1257 
                 904 
                 41 
                 104.8% 
                 45 
                 1.05 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6A 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Intended 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Verbal size 
                 wearer hip 
                 Pant hip 
                 Hip size 
                   
                 Normal 
               
               
                 Product 
                 design. 
                 meas. 
                 size 
                 increase 
                 Hip size 
                 pressure at 
               
               
                 Array 
                 (abbrev.) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 increase % 
                 hip (psi) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Prototype 
                 XS 
                 851 
                 688 
                   
                   
                 0.032 
               
               
                 Array 4 
                 S 
                 902 
                 718 
                 31 
                 104.4% 
                 0.034 
               
               
                 Hipster 
                 M 
                 953 
                 748 
                 29 
                 104.0% 
                 0.036 
               
               
                 Increasing 
                 L 
                 1003 
                 775 
                 28 
                 103.7% 
                 0.038 
               
               
                 Pressure by 
                 XL 
                 1054 
                 801 
                 26 
                 103.4% 
                 0.040 
               
               
                 Size 
                 2XL 
                 1105 
                 825 
                 24 
                 103.0% 
                 0.043 
               
               
                   
                 3XL 
                 1156 
                 848 
                 23 
                 102.8% 
                 0.045 
               
               
                   
                 4XL 
                 1207 
                 870 
                 21 
                 102.5% 
                 0.048 
               
               
                   
                 5XL 
                 1257 
                 889 
                 20 
                 102.3% 
                 0.051 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6B 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Pant hip 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Intended 
                   
                   
                   
                 size to 
                 Pant Hip 
               
               
                   
                 Verbal size 
                 wearer hip 
                 Pant waist 
                 Waist size 
                 Pant waist 
                 waist size 
                 Size to 
               
               
                 Product 
                 design. 
                 meas. 
                 size 
                 increase 
                 size 
                 difference 
                 Waist Size 
               
               
                 Array 
                 (abbrev.) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 increase % 
                 (mm) 
                 Ratio 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Prototype 
                 XS 
                 851 
                 598 
                   
                   
                 90 
                 1.15 
               
               
                 Array 4 
                 S 
                 902 
                 632 
                 33 
                 105.6% 
                 87 
                 1.14 
               
               
                 Hipster 
                 M 
                 953 
                 664 
                 33 
                 105.2% 
                 83 
                 1.13 
               
               
                 Decreasing 
                 L 
                 1003 
                 697 
                 32 
                 104.9% 
                 78 
                 1.11 
               
               
                 Hip Size/ 
                 XL 
                 1054 
                 728 
                 32 
                 104.5% 
                 73 
                 1.10 
               
               
                 Waist Size 
                 2XL 
                 1105 
                 759 
                 31 
                 104.2% 
                 66 
                 1.09 
               
               
                 Ratio with 
                 3XL 
                 1156 
                 789 
                 30 
                 104.0% 
                 59 
                 1.08 
               
               
                 Increasing 
                 4XL 
                 1207 
                 818 
                 29 
                 103.7% 
                 51 
                 1.06 
               
               
                 Size Desig. 
                 5XL 
                 1257 
                 847 
                 28 
                 103.5% 
                 42 
                 1.05 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     It can be appreciated from the data in Tables 3A through 6B that pants in an array may be sized such that they exert consistent or increasing normal pressure, with each upward step in pant size designation. The data reflect that the prototypes follow the sizing schemes reflected in the mathematical expressions set forth above. It is believed that arrays of underwear pants following these sizing schemes will be more satisfactory to wearers purchasing underwear pants according to the size designations that are indicated for their body measurements. 
     As noted above, a second wearer preference identified by research is that, as wearers grow larger, they tend to prefer underwear pants in which the ratio between hip size and waist size of the underwear (measured as described below) decreases. Accordingly, a manufacturer may desire to size underwear pants of the same cut style designation in an array of pants of sequential, adjacent size designations, such that: 
     an article of a first size designation S1 has a first hip size HS1 and a first waist size WS1; 
     an article of a second size designation S2 has a second hip size HS2 and a second waist size WS2, 
     wherein the hip sizes HS1 and HS2, and the waist sizes WS1 and WS2, have the following relationships: 
       HS2&gt;HS1; 
       WS2&gt;WS1; and 
       (HS1−WS1)&gt;(HS2−S2).
 
     The manufacturer may include additional pants (of additional sequentially adjacent size designations) in the array, that follow the same pattern in continuing fashion. 
     Expressed verbally, this means, generally, that with an increase of designated size of pants in the array, the difference between the hip size HS and the waist size WS decreases. Alternatively, or in addition, with an increase of designated size of pants in the array, the ratio of hip size HS to waist size WS approaches a value of 1.0, or a value even lower than 1.0. To illustrate, referring, for example, to the pants depicted in  FIGS.  6  and  7   , assume that the pant depicted in  FIG.  6    is a smaller size designation pant and the pant depicted in  FIG.  7    is a larger size designation pant within the same array. It can be seen that the ratio HS/2 : WS/2 is a lesser value for the larger pant in  FIG.  7   , than the same ratio for the smaller pant in  FIG.  6   . 
     Various possible conceptual examples of this relationship are illustrated in  FIG.  10   . Plot  10   a  represents a sizing scheme in which each size designation in the array (beginning with S2 and continuing to larger sizes) involves an equal step down in the ratio of hip size HS to waist size WS, from that of the preceding adjacent size designation in the array. Plots  10   b  and  10   c  represent sizing schemes in which each size designation in the array (beginning with S2 and continuing to larger sizes) involve changes in these ratios at changing rates. In Plot  10   b,  the ratio HS/WS decreases at an increasing rate with increases in adjacent sizes; in Plot  10   c,  the ratio HS/WS decreases at a decreasing rate with increases in adjacent sizes. In all three example plots, the ratio HS/WS trends toward 1.0, but it may be appreciated that the ratio may also decrease to values below 1.0 as designated sizes become larger. 
     Sizing underwear pants in an array of pants of designated sizes according to this scheme not only provides for better comfort of fit, generally, as wearer body measurements grow larger, but also helps prevent flipping over of the waistband of the underwear pants for the relatively larger-measurement wearer when, for example, the wearer bends at the waist or sits. This feature avoids concentration of pressure that can otherwise occur when a waist band flips over, and thereby further enhances comfort for wearers who have relatively larger body measurements. 
     Measurement Methods 
     For purposes herein, all measurements of hip size and waist size of a pant are made with the portion of the fabric subject to the measurement in a relaxed (i.e., unstretched) condition, with the pant laid out flat on a horizontal surface with all folds or wrinkles along the portion to be measured smoothed out. 
     If it is preferred to measure the pant in its fully assembled (i.e., not separated at the side portions or otherwise deconstructed) condition, the pant is laid on the horizontal surface with the front waist portion facing up. 
     The hip size HS of the pant is measured along a lateral line HL that is that is parallel with the crotch tangent line  500  as described and depicted herein, and drawn through the laterally widest portion of the pant, along the inside (wearer-facing) surfaces thereof. The hip size HS is the lateral dimension HS/2 of the pant along line HL, x 2. (See  FIGS.  6 - 8   .) If the pant is a legged pant with leg portions with laterally outermost portions present longitudinally below the crotch tangent line, then line HL is to be deemed to be the same as crotch tangent line  500 . 
     The waist size WS of the pant is measured along a lateral line connecting the waist edges at the laterally widest extent thereof, but along the inside (wearer-facing) surfaces thereof. The waist size WS is the lateral dimension WS/2 of the pant, x 2. (See  FIGS.  6 - 8   .) 
     Alternatively, if it is preferred to measure the pant in its opened configuration (e.g., separated at the side seams  161  as suggested in, e.g., in  FIG.  3   ), the opened pant is laid out flat on a horizontal surface with the wearer-facing surface facing up. The front and rear hip size components of the pant HSF and HSR are measured along lateral lines HL that are parallel with the lateral axis  300  as described and depicted herein, and drawn through the laterally widest portions of the pant in the front and rear waist portions, respectively, along the inside (wearer-facing) surfaces thereof, to the inside limits of the locations of the side seams. The hip size HS is the sum of front and rear hip size components, i.e., HS=HSF+HSR. (See  FIG.  3   .) 
     For waist size WS, the front and rear waist size components of the pant WSF and WSR are measured along lateral lines that are parallel with the lateral axis  300  as described and depicted herein, and drawn through the laterally widest portions of the waist edges, along the inside (wearer-facing) surfaces thereof, to the inside limits of the locations of the side seams. The waist size WS is the sum of front and rear waist size components, i.e., WS=WSF+WSR. (See  FIG.  3   .) 
     In view of the foregoing disclosure, the following non-limiting examples are contemplated herein. These and other examples may be claimed in the present application or additional applications claiming priority to the present application and based on the disclosure herein:
     1. An array of durable absorbent pants including pants of at least six differing size designations having a common cut style designation, wherein:   

     a pant of a first size designation has a first hip size HS1, 
     a pant of a second size designation adjacent the first size designation has a second hip size HS2, 
     a pant of a third size designation adjacent the second size designation has a third hip size HS3, 
     a pant of a fourth size designation adjacent the third size designation has a fourth hip size HS4, 
     a pant of a fifth size designation adjacent the fourth size designation has a fifth hip size HSS, and 
     a pant of a sixth size designation adjacent the fifth size designation has a sixth hip size HS6, 
     wherein the hip sizes HS1 through HS6 have the following relationship: 
       [(HS2−HS1)/HS1]≥[(HS3−HS2)/HS2]≥[(HS4−HS3)/HS3]≥[(HS5−HS4)]/HS4]≥[(HS6−HS5)]/HS5].
     2. The array of example 1 wherein the hip sizes HS1 through HS6 have one or more of the following relationships:   

       (HS2−HS1)≥(HS3−HS2);
 
       (HS3−HS2)≥(HS4−HS3);
 
       (HS4−HS3)≥(HS5−HS4); and/or
 
       (HS5−HS4)≥(HS6−HS5).
     3. The array of either of examples 1 or 2, wherein:   

     the pant of the first size designation has a first waist size WS1, 
     the pant of the second size designation has a second waist size WS2, 
     the pant of the third size designation has a third waist size WS3, 
     the pant of the fourth size designation has a fourth waist size WS4, and 
     the pant of the fifth size designation has a fifth waist size WS5, 
     wherein the waist sizes WS1 through WS5 have one or more of the following relationships: 
       [(WS2−S1)/WS1]≥[(WS3−S2)/WS2];
 
       [(WS3−S2)/WS2]≥[(WS4−SS3)/WS3]; and/or
 
       (WS4−WS3)/WS3]≥[(WS5−WS4)]/WS4].
     4. The array of example 3 wherein the waist sizes WS1 through WS6 have one or more of the following relationships:   

       (WS2−WS1)≥(WS3−WS2);
 
       (WS3−WS2)≥(WS4−WS3); and/or
 
       (WS4−WS3)≥(WS5−WS4).
     5. An array of durable absorbent underwear pants including pants of at least five differing size designations having a common cut style designation, wherein:   

     a pant of a first size designation has a first waist size WS1, 
     a pant of a second size designation adjacent the first size designation has a second waist size WS2, 
     a pant of a third size designation adjacent the second size designation has a third waist size WS3, 
     a pant of a fourth size designation adjacent the third size designation has a fourth waist size WS4, and 
     a pant of a fifth size designation adjacent the fourth size designation has a fifth waist size WS5, 
     wherein the waist sizes WS1 through WS5 have the following relationship: 
       [(WS2−WS1)/WS1]≥[(WS3−WS2)/WS2]≥[(WS4−WS3)/WS3]≥[(WS5−WS4)]/WS4].
     6. The array of example 5 wherein the waist sizes WS1 through WS5 have one or more of the following relationships:   

       (WS2−WS1)≥(WS3−WS2);
 
       (WS3−WS2)≥(WS4−WS3); and/or
 
       (WS4−WS3)≥(WS5−WS4).
     7 The array of either of examples 5 or 6 wherein:   

     the pant of the first size designation has a first hip size HS1, 
     the pant of the second size designation has a second hip size HS2, 
     the pant of the third size designation has a third hip size HS3, 
     the pant of the fourth size designation has a fourth hip size HS4, and 
     the pant of the fifth size designation has a fifth hip size HSS, 
     wherein the hip sizes HS1 through HS5 have one or more of the following relationships: 
       [(HS2−HS1)/HS1]≥[(HS3−HS2)/HS2];
 
       [(HS3−HS2)/HS2]≥[(HS4−HS3)/HS3]; and/or
 
       [(HS4−HS3)/HS3]≥[(HS5−HS4)]/HS4].
     8. The array of example 7 wherein the hip sizes HS1 through HS5 have one or more of the following relationships:   

       (HS2−HS1)≥(HS3−HS2);
 
       (HS3−HS2)≥(HS4−HS3); and/or
 
       (HS4−HS3)&gt;(HS5−HS4).
 
     9. An array of durable absorbent underwear pants including pants of at least five differing size designations having a common cut style designation, wherein: 
     a pant of a first size designation has a first hip size HS1 and first waist size WS1, 
     a pant of a second size designation adjacent the first size designation has a second hip size HS2 and second waist size WS2, 
     a pant of a third size designation adjacent the second size designation has a third hip size HS3 and third waist size WS3, 
     a pant of a fourth size designation adjacent the third size designation has a fourth hip size HS4 and fourth waist size WS4, and 
     a pant of a fifth size designation adjacent the fourth size designation has a fifth hip size HS5 and fifth waist size WS5, 
     wherein the hip sizes HS1 through HS5 have the following relationship: 
       [(HS2−HS1)/HS1]≥[(HS3−HS2)/HS2]≥[(HS4−HS3)/HS3]≥[(HS5−HS4)]/HS4]; and
 
     wherein the waist sizes WS1 through WS5 have the following relationship: 
       [(WS2−WS1)/WS1]≥[(WS3−WS2)/WS2]≥[(WS4−WS3)/WS3]≥[(WS5−WS4)]/WS4].
     10. An array of durable absorbent underwear pants including pants of at least three differing size designations having a common cut style designation, wherein:   

     a pant of a first size designation has a first hip size HS1, 
     a pant of a second size designation adjacent the first size designation has a second hip size HS2, and 
     a pant of a third size designation adjacent the second size designation has a third hip size HS3, 
     wherein each of the hip sizes HS1 through HS3 are equal to or larger than 760 mm; and 
     wherein the hip sizes HS1 through HS3 have the following relationship: 
       [(HS2−HS1)/HS1]≥[(HS3−HS2)/HS2].
     11. The array of example 10 wherein the hip sizes HS1 through HS3 have the following relationship:   

       (HS2−HS1)≥(HS3−HS2).
     12. The array of either of examples 11 or 12 wherein   

     the pant of the first size designation has a first waist size WS1, 
     the pant of the second size designation has a second waist size WS2, and 
     the pant of the third size designation has a third waist size WS3, 
     wherein each of the waist sizes WS1 through WS3 are equal to or larger than 680 mm; and 
     wherein the waist sizes WS1 through WS3 have the following relationship: 
       [(WS2−WS1)/WS1]≥[(WS3−WS2)/WS2].
     13. The array of example 12 wherein the waist sizes WS1 through WS3 have the following relationship:   

       (WS2−WS1)≥(WS3−WS2).
     14. An array of durable absorbent underwear pants including pants of at least three differing size designations having a common cut style designation, wherein:   

     a pant of a first size designation has a first waist size WS1, 
     a pant of a second size designation adjacent the first size designation has a second waist size WS2, and 
     a pant of a third size designation adjacent the second size designation has a third waist size WS3, 
     wherein each of the waist sizes WS1 through WS3 are equal to or larger than 680 mm; and 
     wherein the waist sizes WS1 through WS3 have the following relationship: 
       [(WS2−WS1)/WS1]≥[(WS3−WS2)/WS2].
     15. The array of example 12 wherein the waist sizes WS1 through WS3 have the following relationship:   

       (WS2−WS1)≥(WS3−WS2).
     16. An array of durable absorbent underwear pants including pants of at least four differing size designations having a common cut style designation, wherein:   

     a pant of a first size designation has a first hip size HS1 and a first waist size WS1; 
     a pant of a second size designation adjacent the first size designation has a second hip size HS2 and a second waist size WS2, 
     a pant of a third size designation adjacent the second size designation has a third hip size HS3 and a third waist size WS3; and 
     a pant of a fourth size designation adjacent the third size designation has a fourth hip size HS4 and a fourth waist size WS4, 
     wherein the hip sizes HS1 through HS4 and waist sizes WS1 through WS4 have the following relationships: 
       HS4&gt;HS3&gt;HS2&gt;HS1; 
       WS4&gt;WS3&gt;WS2&gt;WS1; and 
       (HS1−WS1)&gt;(HS2−WS2)&gt;(HS3−WS3)&gt;(HS4−WS4).
     17. The array of example 16 including at least five differing size designations having a common cut style designation, wherein:   

     a pant of a fifth size designation adjacent the fourth size designation has a fifth hip size HS5 and a fifth waist size WS5, 
     wherein the hip sizes HS1 through HS5 and waist sizes WS1 through WS5 have the following relationships: 
       HS5&gt;HS4&gt;HS3&gt;HS2&gt;HS1; 
       WS5&gt;WS4&gt;WS3&gt;WS2&gt;WS1; and 
       (HS1−WS1)&gt;(HS2−WS2)&gt;(HS3−WS3)&gt;(HS4−WS4)&gt;(HS5−WS5).
     18. The array of either of examples 16 or 17 wherein the hip sizes HS1 through HS4 have one or more of the following relationships:   

       [(HS2−HS1)/HS1]≥[(HS3−HS2)/HS2]; and/or
 
       [(HS3−HS2)/HS2]≥[(HS4−HS3)/HS3].
     19. The array of any of examples 16-18 wherein the waist sizes WS1 through WS4 have one or more of the following relationships:   

       [(WS2−WS1)/WS1]≥[(WS3−WS2)/WS2]; and/or
 
       [(WS3−WS2)/WS2]≥[(WS4−WS3)/WS3].
     20. The array of any of the preceding examples wherein the outer structures of all of the pants in the array comprise a common fabric type.   21. The array of example 20 wherein the common fabric type is a knitted fabric.   

     22. The array of example 21 wherein the knitted fabric has a direction of greatest elongation capability oriented at least approximately parallel to a lateral direction of the pant in the array in which it is present. 
     23. The array of any of examples 20-22 wherein the common fabric type is elastically extensible. 
     The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm.” 
     Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern. 
     While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.