Patent Publication Number: US-10770436-B2

Title: Light-emitting diode (LED) device

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/178,025, filed on Nov. 1, 2018 and which was issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,497,683 on Dec. 3, 2019, which is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/878,720 filed on Jan. 24, 2018 and which was issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,153,260 on Dec. 11, 2018, which is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/292,332, which was filed on Oct. 13, 2016 and which was issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,905,543 on Feb. 27, 2018, which claims priority to and the benefit of, under 35 U.S.C. § 119, Korean Patent Application No. 10-2016-0023628, filed on Feb. 26, 2016, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of each of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The inventive concepts relate to a light-emitting diode (LED) device, and more particularly, to a LED device for generating a multi-color display. 
     If and/or when a plurality of light-emitting diode (LED) devices are mounted on a board substrate, a plurality of colors, that is, multi-colors, may be generated. If and/or when a display device includes pixels comprising LED devices mounted on a board, there is a limit in reducing a size of the display device for improving a resolution thereof. In some cases, it may also be difficult to suppress optical interferences between pixels. 
     SUMMARY 
     The inventive concepts provide a light-emitting diode (LED) device that includes a plurality of light-emitting cells configured to generate a multi-color display and reduce optical interferences between the light-emitting cells included in the LED device. 
     According to some example embodiments of the inventive concepts, a light-emitting diode (LED) device may include a plurality of light-emitting structures spaced apart from each other, each light-emitting structure including a first surface and a second surface; a plurality of electrode layers on first surfaces of separate, respective light-emitting structures of the plurality of light-emitting structures; a separation layer configured to electrically insulate the light-emitting structures from each other; a plurality of phosphor layers on second surfaces separate, respective light-emitting structures of the plurality of light-emitting structure, each phosphor layer configured to filter a different color of light from light emitted by the light-emitting structures; and a partition layer between the phosphor layers, such that the partition layer separates the phosphor layers from each other, the partition layer including at least one of a substrate structure, an insulation structure, and a light reflecting structure. 
     According some example embodiments of the inventive concepts, an LED device may include a plurality of light-emitting cells spaced apart from each other; a separation layer configured to electrically insulate the light-emitting cells from each other; a plurality of phosphor layers associated with separate, respective light-emitting cells of the plurality of light-emitting cells, the plurality of phosphor layers further associated with different colors, respectively; and a partition layer between the phosphor layers, such that the partition layer separates the phosphor layers from each other, the partition layer including at least one of a substrate structure, an insulation structure, and a light reflecting structure. 
     According some example embodiments of the inventive concepts, an apparatus may include a plurality of light-emitting cells spaced apart from each other; and a partition layer between separate, respective phosphor layers of the plurality of light-emitting cells, such that the partition layer at least partially defines the plurality of light-emitting cells. Each light-emitting cell may include a light-emitting structure that includes a first surface and a second surface, a set of one or more electrode layers on the first surface of the light-emitting structure, and a phosphor layer on the second surface of the light-emitting structure, the phosphor layer associated with a particular color of light. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Embodiments of the inventive concepts will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIGS. 1 and 2  are plan views of a light-emitting diode (LED) device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of portions of the LED device, obtained along a line III-III′ of  FIGS. 1 and 2 ; 
         FIG. 4  is an enlarged view of portion IV of  FIG. 3 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a plan view of a LED device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 6  is a sectional view of one or more portions of the LED device of  FIG. 5  along a line VI-VI′ of  FIG. 5 ; 
         FIG. 7  is a sectional view of one or more portions of the LED device of  FIG. 5  along a line VII-VII′ of  FIG. 5 ; 
         FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a LED device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a LED device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 10  is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a LED device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 11  is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a LED device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIGS. 12A-I  are sectional views for describing a method of fabricating a LED device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIGS. 13A-B  are sectional views for describing a method of fabricating a LED device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIGS. 14A-C  are sectional views for describing a method of fabricating the LED device of  FIG. 9 ; 
         FIGS. 15A-D  are sectional views for describing a method of fabricating a LED device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIGS. 16A-C  are sectional views for describing a method of fabricating a LED device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 17  is a sectional view of a white light source module including a LED device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 18  is a sectional view of a white light source module including a LED device according to some example embodiments 
         FIGS. 19A-B  illustrate a white light source module that is a LED device according to some example embodiments and may be used in an illuminating apparatus; 
         FIG. 20  is a CIE chromaticity diagram showing perfect radiator spectrums of a LED device fabricated according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 21  is a cross-sectional view of a quantum dot (QD), which is a wavelength transforming materials that may be applied to a LED device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 22  is a perspective view of a backlight unit including a LED device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 23  illustrates a direct type backlight unit including a LED device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 24  illustrates a direct type backlight unit including a LED device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 25  illustrates a direct type backlight unit including a LED device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 26  illustrates a light source module of  FIG. 25  in closer detail; 
         FIG. 27  illustrates a direct type backlight unit including a LED device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 28  illustrates a backlight unit including one or more LED devices according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 29  illustrates a backlight unit including one or more LED devices according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 30  illustrates a backlight unit including one or more LED devices according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 31  is an exploded perspective view of a display apparatus including a LED device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 32  is a perspective view of a flat-panel illumination apparatus including a LED device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 33  is an exploded perspective view of an illumination apparatus including a LED device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 34  is a schematic exploded perspective view of a bar-type illumination apparatus including a LED device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 35  is a schematic exploded perspective view of a bar-type illumination apparatus including a LED device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 36  is a schematic diagram for describing an indoor illumination controlling network system including a LED device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 37  is a schematic diagram for describing a network system including a LED device according to some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 38  is a block diagram for describing a communication operation between a smart engine of an illumination apparatus including a LED device according to some example embodiments and a mobile device; and 
         FIG. 39  is a schematic diagram of a smart illumination system including a LED device according to some example embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
       FIGS. 1 and 2  are plan views of a light-emitting diode (LED) device according to some example embodiments,  FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of portions of the LED device, obtained along a line III-III′ of  FIGS. 1 and 2 , and  FIG. 4  is an enlarged view of portion IV of  FIG. 3 . 
     In detail, as shown in  FIGS. 1 through 3 , the LED device  100  may include a plurality of light-emitting cells A, B, and C, e.g., a first light-emitting cell A, a second light-emitting cell B, and a third light-emitting cell C. Although  FIG. 1 through 3  show that the LED device  100  includes the three light-emitting cells A, B, and C for convenience of explanation, the LED device  100  may also include only two light-emitting cells. 
     In  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the light-emitting cells A, B, and C may be defined by a partition layer  124  that extends in an x-axis direction and a y-axis direction. The partition layer  124  of  FIG. 1  may surround phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132 . In  FIG. 2 , the light-emitting cells A, B, and C may be defined by the portions of the partition layer  124  extending in the y-axis direction. The partition layer  124  may have a substrate structure or an insulation structure and be a single body. The partition layer  124  may be arranged at both sides, in both the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction, of each of the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , in the LED device  100 , each of the light-emitting cells A, B, and C may include a separate light-emitting structure  110 , respectively. As shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the light-emitting structures  110  may be spaced apart from one another in a direction, e.g., the x-axis direction. Each of the light-emitting cells A, B, and C may include a separate light-emitting structure  110  that is configured to emit ultraviolet light (e.g., light having a wavelength of about 10 nm to about 440 nm) or blue light (e.g., light having a wavelength of about 440 nm to about 495 nm). 
     As shown in  FIG. 4 , the light-emitting structure  110  may include a first conductive type semiconductor layer  102 , an active layer  104 , and a second conductive type semiconductor layer  106 . The first conductive type semiconductor layer  102  may be a P-type semiconductor layer. The second conductive type semiconductor layer  106  may be an N-type semiconductor layer. The first conductive type semiconductor layer  102  and the second conductive type semiconductor layer  106  may include a nitride semiconductor, e.g., a GaN/InGaN material. The first conductive type semiconductor layer  102  and the second conductive type semiconductor layer  106  may include a nitride semiconductor, e.g., a material having the composition of Al x In y Ga 1−x−y N, where 0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤1, and 0 1−x−y≤1. 
     Each of the first conductive type semiconductor layer  102  and the second conductive type semiconductor layer  106  may be embodied as a single layer. In some example embodiments, each of the first conductive type semiconductor layer  102  and the second conductive type semiconductor layer  106  may include a plurality of layers having different properties including at least one of different doping concentration and different composition, respectively. In some example embodiments, the first conductive type semiconductor layer  102  and the second conductive type semiconductor layer  106  may include an AlInGaP-based semiconductor or an AlInGaAs-based semiconductor. 
     The active layer  104  disposed between the first conductive type semiconductor layer  102  and the second conductive type semiconductor layer  106  may emit light having a certain energy level, according to the recombination of electrons and holes. The active layer  104  may have a multi-quantum well (MQW) structure in which quantum well layers and quantum barrier layers are alternately stacked, e.g., a GaN/InGaN structure, if and/or when the first conductive type semiconductor layer  102  and the second conductive type semiconductor layer  106  include a nitride semiconductor. The active layer  104  may have a single quantum-well (SQW) structure including a nitride semiconductor. The active layer  104  may emit light of at least one of an ultraviolet wavelength and a blue wavelength based on types and compositions of materials at least partially comprising the same. 
     In the LED device  100 , separate sets  190  of one or more electrode layers  118  and  120  may be disposed on a surface S 1  of separate, respective light-emitting structures  110 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , a separate set  190  of an electrode layer  118  and an electrode layer  120  may be disposed on a bottom surface S 1  of each of the light-emitting structure  110 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , each given light-emitting cell A, B, and C may include a separate set  190  of electrode layers  118  and  120  on the respective light-emitting structure  110  included in the given light-emitting cell. 
     As further shown in  FIG. 3 , a separate set  190  of an electrode layer  118  and an electrode layer  120  may be disposed directly on a bottom surface S 1  of each of the light-emitting structure  110 , such that each set contacts a separate light-emitting structure  110 . In some example embodiments, the LED device  100  may be mounted on a board substrate (not shown) in a flip-chip manner. 
     The electrode layers  118  and  120  may each include a metal. The electrode layers  118  and  120  may include at least one of aluminium (Al), gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), and copper (Cu). The electrode layers  118  and  120  may include a first electrode layer  118  that is electrically connected to the first conductive type semiconductor layer  102  and a second electrode layer  120  that is electrically connected to the second conductive type semiconductor layer  106 . 
     A first reflective layer  114  and a second reflective layer  116  may be further disposed on a first electrode layer  118  and a second electrode layer  120 , respectively, in a given set  190 . The first reflective layer  114  and the second reflective layer  116  may reflect light emitted by the light-emitting structure  110 . The first reflective layer  114  and the second reflective layer  116  may include a highly reflective material, e.g., a metal. The first reflective layer  114  and the second reflective layer  116  may include a common material with respect to a material at least partially comprising the first electrode layer  118  and the second electrode layer  120 . The first reflective layer  114  and the second reflective layer  116  may be referred to as electrode layers. 
     The LED device  100  further includes a separation layer  122  configured to electrically insulate the light-emitting structures  110  from each other. The separation layer  122  may be further configured to electrically insulate the reflective layers  114  and  116  from each other. The separation layer  122  may be further configured to electrically insulate the electrode layers  118  and  120  from each other. The separation layer  122  may include a separating insulation layer  112  on sidewalls and bottom surfaces of the light-emitting structures  110  and a mold insulation layer  121  insulating the electrode layers  118  and  120  from the light-emitting structures  110 . 
     The separating insulation layer  112  may include at least one of a silicon oxide layer and a silicon nitride layer. The mold insulation layer  121  may include at least one of a silicon resin, an epoxy resin, and an acrylic resin. One or more surfaces of the mold insulation layer  121  may overlap one or more surfaces of the light-emitting structure  110 . A rear surface R 1  of the mold insulation layer  121  may overlap surfaces of the electrode layers  118  and  120 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , a rear surface R 1  of the mold insulation layer  121  may be flush with surfaces of the electrode layers  118  and  120 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , a bottom surface (R 1 ) of the mold insulation layer  121  may be flush with the bottom surfaces of the electrode layers  118  and  120 . 
     The separation layer  122  may be disposed at both sides of a given light-emitting structure  110  and below the given light-emitting structure  110 , as shown in  FIG. 3 . The separation layer  122  may electrically separate (“insulate”) the light-emitting structures  110  from one another. Thus, the separate, respective light-emitting structures  110  may be individually driven. As shown in the example embodiments illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the separation layer  122  may separate the light-emitting structures  110  into individual light-emitting cells, e.g., the first light-emitting cell A, the second light-emitting cell B, and the third light-emitting cell C, where each of the light-emitting cells A, B, and C may be individually driven. 
     In the LED device  100 , the plurality of phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  associated with different colors are disposed on surfaces S 2  of the light-emitting structures  110 , respectively. As shown in the example embodiments illustrated in  FIG. 3 , for example, the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  are disposed on top surfaces S 2  of separate, respective light-emitting structures  110 . The phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  may include a blue phosphor layer  128 , a green phosphor layer  130 , and a red phosphor layer  132 , such that the blue phosphor layer  128  is associated with a blue color (wavelength range) of light, the green phosphor layer  130  is associated with a green color (wavelength range) of light (e.g., light having a wavelength of about 495 nm to about 570 nm), the red phosphor layer  132  is associated with a red color (wavelength range) of light (e.g., light having a wavelength of about 620 nm to about 740 nm), etc. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , each given light-emitting cell A, B, and C may include a separate phosphor layer  128 ,  130 ,  132  on the respective light-emitting structure  110  included in the given light-emitting cell. 
     Although  FIGS. 1 through 3  show the three phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  as being different from one another, two phosphor layers different from each other may be disposed. The LED device  100  may be configured to implement multi-color displays, as light emitted by the light-emitting structures  110  may pass through the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  associated with different colors. A given phosphor layer associated with a given color (wavelength range) may be configured to filter one or more colors (wavelength ranges) from emitted light entering the phosphor layer, such that the filtered light that is emitted from the phosphor layer is the associated color (wavelength range) of light. 
     If and/or when the LED device  100  includes the three phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132 , the LED device  100  may be configured to generate a multi-color display based on the three colors associated with the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 ,  132 . If and/or when the light-emitting structure  110  emits light having blue wavelength, the LED device  100  may generate a multi-color display based on three colors even if the LED device  100  includes two phosphor layers. Since the LED device  100  may be electrically separated into the respective light-emitting structure  110  and each of the light-emitting structures  110  may be individually driven. Therefore, the LED device  100  may be configured to generate a display that includes various colors as occasions demand. 
     In the LED device  100 , the partition layer  124  is disposed between the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  to separate the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  from one another. The partition layer  124  is disposed on the separation layer  122  between the light-emitting structures  110 . The partition layer  124  may suppress optical interferences between the light-emitting cells A, B, and C. The partition layer  124  may include a material different from the material at least partially comprising the light-emitting structure  110 . The partition layer  124  may include a substrate structure. As described above, a substrate structure or an insulation structure at least partially comprising the partition layer  124  may include a single body. 
     The substrate structure may include a silicon-based substrate structure or an insulation substrate structure. The silicon-based substrate structure may include a silicon substrate or a silicon carbide substrate. The insulation substrate structure may include an insulation substrate containing MgAl 2 O 4 , MgO, LiAlO 2 , LiGaO 2 , GaN, AlN, etc. The substrate structure may be referred to as an insulation structure. 
     The LED device  100  may include the plurality of light-emitting cells A, B, and C and the partition layer  124  that defines the light-emitting cells A, B, and C. Therefore, the LED device  100  may include the plurality of light-emitting cells A, B, and C to implement multi-colors and include the partition layer  124  to suppress optical interferences between the light-emitting cells A, B, and C. 
       FIG. 5  is a plan view of a LED device according to some example embodiments, and  FIGS. 6 and 7  are sectional views of portions of the LED device of  FIG. 5 , respectively obtained along a line VI-VI′ and a line VII-VII′. 
     In detail, compared to the LED device  100  of  FIGS. 1 through 4 , the configuration of and the display generated by a LED device  200  may be identical or substantially identical (e.g., identical within material and manufacturing tolerances) except that the LED device  200  includes a fourth light-emitting cell D. Therefore, descriptions identical to those given above with reference to  FIGS. 1 through 4  will be omitted or briefly given below. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , the LED device  200  may include a plurality of light-emitting cells A, B, C, and D, e.g., a first light-emitting cell A, a second light-emitting cell B, a third light-emitting cell C, and a fourth light-emitting cell D. The first light-emitting cell A and the second light-emitting cell B may be disposed in parallel to each other in the x-axis direction. The third light-emitting cell C and the fourth light-emitting cell D may be disposed apart from each other in the y-axis direction and in parallel to each other along the x-axis direction. 
     The first light-emitting cell A and the third light-emitting cell C may be disposed in parallel to each other in the y-axis direction. The second light-emitting cell B and the fourth light-emitting cell D may be disposed apart from the first light-emitting cell A and the third light-emitting cell C in the x-axis direction and in parallel to each other in the y-axis direction. 
     An arrangement relationship between the first light-emitting cell A, the second light-emitting cell B, the third light-emitting cell C, and the fourth light-emitting cell D may vary. Although  FIG. 5  shows that the LED device  200  includes the four light-emitting cells A, B, C, and D for convenience of explanation, the LED device  200  may include only two light-emitting cells in some example embodiments. In  FIG. 5 , the light-emitting cells A, B, C, and D may be defined by the partition layer  124  extending in both the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction. The partition layer  124  may surround phosphor layers  128 ,  130 ,  132 , and  134 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 6 and 7 , the LED device  200  may include the light-emitting structures  110  for the light-emitting cells A, B, C, and D, respectively.  FIG. 6  shows the first light-emitting cell A and the fourth light-emitting cell D, whereas  FIG. 7  shows the second light-emitting cell B and the third light-emitting cell C. As shown in  FIG. 5 , the light-emitting structure  110  may be apart from one another in a direction, e.g., the x-axis direction. Each of the light-emitting cells A, B, C, and D may include the light-emitting structure  110  that emits light of an ultraviolet wavelength or light of a blue wavelength. Since the configuration of the light-emitting structure  110  is described above with reference to  FIG. 4 , detailed description thereof will be omitted. 
     Each separate set  190  of electrode layers  118  and  120 , of a plurality of sets thereof included in the LED device  200 , may be disposed on a surface S 1  of a separate light-emitting structure  110  of a plurality of light-emitting structures  110 . As shown in  FIGS. 6 and 7 , the electrode layers  118  and  120  may be disposed on the surface S 1  of each of the light-emitting structure  110 , e.g., the bottom surface of the light-emitting structure  110 . Therefore, the LED device  200  may be mounted on a board substrate (not shown) in a flip-chip manner. The first reflective layer  114  and the second reflective layer  116  may be further disposed on the first electrode layer  118  and the second electrode layer  120 , respectively. Since materials and functions of the electrode layers  118  and  120  and the reflective layers  114  and  116  are described above with reference to  FIGS. 3 and 4 , detailed description thereof will be omitted. 
     The LED device  200  further includes a separation layer  122  for electric insulation between the light-emitting structures  110  and between the reflective layers  114  and  116  and the electrode layers  118  and  120 . The separation layer  122  may include the separating insulation layer  112  on sidewalls and bottom surfaces of the light-emitting structures  110  and the mold insulation layer  121  insulating the electrode layers  118  and  120  from the light-emitting structures  110 . Since materials and functions of the separating insulation layer  112  and the mold insulation layer  121  are described above with reference to  FIG. 4 , detailed description thereof will be omitted. 
     The separation layer  122  may electrically separate (“insulate”) the light-emitting structures  110  from one another. Thus, the separate, respective light-emitting structures  110  may be individually driven. The separation layer  122  may separate the light-emitting structures  110  into individual light-emitting cells, e.g., the first light-emitting cell A, the second light-emitting cell B, the third light-emitting cell C, and the fourth light-emitting cell D. 
     In the LED device  200 , the plurality of phosphor layers  128 ,  130 ,  132 , and  134  having different colors are disposed on surfaces S 2  of the light-emitting structures  110 , respectively. The phosphor layers  128 ,  130 ,  132 , and  134  may include the blue phosphor layer  128 , the green phosphor layer  130 , the red phosphor layer  132 , and the white phosphor layer  134 . 
     Although  FIGS. 5 through 7  show the four phosphor layers  128 ,  130 ,  132 , and  134  as different from one another, some example embodiments of an LED device may include two phosphor layers that are different from each other. The LED device  200  may generate a multi-color display based on light emitted by the light-emitting structures  110  passing through the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 ,  132 , and  134  having different colors. 
     If and/or when the light-emitting structure  110  emits light of a blue wavelength (e.g., light having a wavelength ranging from about 450 nanometers to about 495 nanometers), the LED device  200  may generate a display including at least three colors even if the LED device  200  includes two phosphor layers. Since the LED device  200  may be electrically separated into the respective light-emitting structure  110  and each of the light-emitting structure  110  may be individually driven, displays including various colors may be generated by the LED device  200 . 
     In the LED device  200 , the partition layer  124  is disposed between the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 ,  132 , and  134  to separate the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 ,  132 , and  134  from one another. The partition layer  124  is disposed on the separation layer  122  between the light-emitting structures  110 . The partition layer  124  may suppress optical interferences between the light-emitting cells A, B, C, and D. The partition layer  124  may include a material different from the material at least partially comprising the light-emitting structure  110 . The partition layer  124  may include a substrate structure or an insulation structure. For example, the partition layer  124  may include a silicon-based substrate, e.g., a silicon substrate or a silicon carbide substrate. 
     The LED device  200  may include the plurality of light-emitting cells A, B, C, and D and the partition layer  124  that defines the light-emitting cells A, B, C, and D. Therefore, the LED device  200  may include the plurality of light-emitting cells A, B, C, and D to implement multi-colors and include the partition layer  124  to suppress optical interferences between the light-emitting cells A, B, C, and D. 
       FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a LED device according to some example embodiments. 
     In detail, compared to the LED device  100  of  FIGS. 1 through 4 , the configuration of and the display generated by a LED device  300  may be identical or substantially identical (e.g., within material and manufacturing tolerances) to those of the LED device  100  except that the LED device  300  includes a light reflecting layer  204 . Therefore, descriptions identical to those given above with reference to  FIGS. 1 through 4  will be omitted or briefly given below. 
     The LED device  300  may include a plurality of light-emitting cells A, B, and C, e.g., a first light-emitting cell A, a second light-emitting cell B, and a third light-emitting cell C. the LED device  300  may include light-emitting structures  110  in correspondence to the respective light-emitting cells A, B, and C. Since the configuration of the light-emitting structure  110  is described above with reference to  FIG. 4 , detailed description thereof will be omitted. 
     The separate sets  190  of electrode layers  118  and  120  and the reflective layers  114  and  116  may be disposed on a surface S 1  of each of the light-emitting structures  110 . Since materials and functions of the electrode layers  118  and  120  and the reflective layers  114  and  116  are described above with reference to  FIGS. 3 and 4 , detailed description thereof will be omitted. 
     The LED device  300  further includes a separation layer  122  for electric insulation between the light-emitting structures  110  and between the reflective layers  114  and  116  and the electrode layers  118  and  120 . The separation layer  122  may include the separating insulation layer  112  on sidewalls and bottom surfaces of the light-emitting structure  110  and the mold insulation layer  121  insulating the electrode layers  118  and  120  from the light-emitting structures  110 . Since materials and functions of the separating insulation layer  112  and the mold insulation layer  121  are described above with reference to  FIG. 4 , detailed description thereof will be omitted. 
     In the LED device  300 , the plurality of phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  having different colors are disposed on surfaces S 2  of the light-emitting structures  110 , respectively. In the LED device  300 , the partition layer  124  is disposed between the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  to separate the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  from one another. 
     In the LED device  300 , the light reflecting layer  204  is disposed on a sidewall of the partition layer  124 . The light reflecting layer  204  may reflect light emitted by the light-emitting structure  110 . The light reflecting layer  204  may be at least one of a metal layer, a resin layer containing a metal oxide, and a distributed Bragg reflection layer. 
     The metal layer may be at least one of an Al layer, an Au layer, an Ag layer, a Pt layer, a Ni layer, a Cr layer, a Ti layer, and a Cu layer. The resin layer containing a metal oxide may be a resin layer containing a Ti oxide. The distributed Bragg reflection layer may include from several insulation layers to hundreds of insulation layers (e.g., from 2 to 100 insulation layers) having different refraction indexes and which are repeatedly stacked. Each of the insulation layers in the distributed Bragg reflection layer may include an oxide or a nitride including SiO 2 , SiN, SiO x N y , TiO 2 , Si 3 N 4 , Al 2 O 3 , TiN, AlN, ZrO 2 , TiAlN, and TiSiN or a combination thereof. Therefore, light extraction efficiency of the LED device  300  may be improved based on the presence of the light reflecting layer  204 . 
       FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a LED device according to some example embodiments. 
     In detail, compared to the LED device  100  of  FIGS. 1 through 4 , the configuration of and the display generated by a LED device  400  may be identical or substantially identical (e.g., identical within material and manufacturing tolerances) except that the LED device  400  includes one or more light-emitting structures  110 - 1  including an uneven structure  208  and a partition layer  124 - 1  including (e.g., associated with) one or more sloped sidewalls  206 . In some example embodiments, the uneven structure  208  may be separate from the light-emitting structure  110 - 1 , such that the uneven structure  208  is on a surface S 2  of the light-emitting structure  110 - 1 . If and/or when the uneven structure  208  is separate from the light-emitting structure  110 - 1 , the uneven structure  208  may include a common material composition or a different material composition, in relation to a material composition of the light-emitting structure  110 - 1 . Therefore, descriptions identical to those given above with reference to  FIGS. 1 through 4  will be omitted or briefly given below. 
     The LED device  400  may include a plurality of light-emitting cells A, B, and C, e.g., a first light-emitting cell A, a second light-emitting cell B, and a third light-emitting cell C. The LED device  400  may include separate light-emitting structures  110 - 1  for each of the respective light-emitting cells A, B, and C. The uneven structure  208  may be disposed on a surface S 2  of each of the light-emitting structure  110 - 1 . The LED device  400  may be configured to provide improved light extraction efficiency based on the uneven structure  208 . Since the configuration of the light-emitting structure  110 - 1  except the uneven structure  208  is identical to the configuration of the light-emitting structure  110  described above with reference to  FIG. 4 , detailed description thereof will be omitted. 
     The electrode layers  118  and  120  in each given set  190  may be disposed on a surface S 1  of a separate light-emitting structure  110 - 1 . The reflective layers  114  and  116  in the given set  190  may be further disposed on the electrode layers  118  and  120  of the given set  190 , respectively. Since materials and functions of the electrode layers  118  and  120  and the reflective layers  114  and  116  are described above with reference to  FIGS. 3 and 4 , detailed description thereof will be omitted. 
     The LED device  400  further includes the separation layer  122  configured to provide electric insulation between the light-emitting structures  110 - 1  and between the reflective layers  114  and  116  and the electrode layers  118  and  120 . The separation layer  122  may include the separating insulation layer  112  on sidewalls and bottom surfaces of the light-emitting structure  110 - 1  and the mold insulation layer  121  insulating the electrode layers  118  and  120  from the light-emitting structures  110 - 1 . Since materials and functions of the separating insulation layer  112  and the mold insulation layer  121  are described above with reference to  FIG. 4 , detailed description thereof will be omitted. 
     In the LED device  400 , the plurality of phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  having different colors are disposed on the surfaces S 2  of the light-emitting structures  110 , respectively. The phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  may include the blue phosphor layer  128 , the green phosphor layer  130 , and the red phosphor layer  132 . 
     In the LED device  400 , a partition layer  124 - 1  is disposed between the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  to separate the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  from one another. The partition layer  124 - 1  may suppress optical interferences between the light-emitting cells A, B, and C. In some example embodiments, including the example embodiments illustrated in  FIG. 9 , one or more of the sidewalls  206  of the partition layer  124 - 1  may exhibit a slope, such that the one or more sidewalls  206  are sloped sidewalls  206 . Due to the sloped sidewall  206  of the partition layer  124 - 1 , a diameter of the space surrounded by the sloped sidewall  206  increase in a direction in which light travels in the LED device  400 , that is, upward in the z-direction from the light-emitting structures  110 - 1  through the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132 . Thus, the sloped sidewall  206  defines a space  207  having a proximate end  207   a  and a distal end  207   b , in relation to the light-emitting structure  110 - 1 , and where the distal end  207   b  has a greater diameter than the proximate end  207   a . The sloped sidewalls  206  may improve light extraction efficiency of the LED device  400 . 
     The light reflecting layer  204  is disposed on the sloped sidewalls  206 . The light reflecting layer  204  may reflect light emitted by the light-emitting structure  110 - 1 . The light reflecting layer  204  may include a material as described above. As described above, the LED device  400  may include the partition layer  124 - 1  having the sloped sidewall  206  and the light-emitting structure  110 - 1  having the uneven structure  208  for improved light extraction efficiency. 
       FIG. 10  is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a LED device according to some example embodiments. 
     In detail, compared to the LED device  100  of  FIGS. 1 through 4 , the configuration of and the display generated by a LED device  500  may be identical or substantially identical (e.g., identical within material and manufacturing tolerances) except that the LED device  500  includes a separation layer  122 - 1  including a metal layer  113  and a partition layer  124 - 2  including a light reflecting structure. 
     Compared to the LED device  400  of  FIG. 9 , the display generated by a LED device  500  may be identical or substantially identical (e.g., within material and manufacturing tolerances) except that the LED device  500  includes the separation layer  122 - 1  including the metal layer  113 . Therefore, descriptions identical to those given above with reference to  FIGS. 1 through 4  and  FIG. 9  will be omitted or briefly given below. 
     The LED device  400  may include a plurality of light-emitting cells A, B, and C, e.g., a first light-emitting cell A, a second light-emitting cell B, and a third light-emitting cell C. The LED device  400  may include a separate light-emitting structure  110 - 1  in each of the respective light-emitting cells A, B, and C. The uneven structure  208  may be disposed on a surface S 2  of each of the light-emitting structure  110 - 1  for improving light extraction efficiency. Since the configuration of the light-emitting structure  110 - 1  except the uneven structure  208  is identical to the configuration of the light-emitting structure  110  described above with reference to  FIG. 4 , detailed description thereof will be omitted. 
     The electrode layers  118  and  120  in each given set  190  may be disposed on a surface S 1  of a separate light-emitting structure  110 - 1  of the light-emitting structures  110 - 1 . The reflective layers  114  and  116  in the given set  190  may be further disposed on the electrode layers  118  and  120  of the given set  190 , respectively. Since materials and functions of the electrode layers  118  and  120  and the reflective layers  114  and  116  are described above with reference to  FIGS. 3 and 4 , detailed description thereof will be omitted. 
     The LED device  500  further includes the separation layer  122 - 1  configured to provide electric insulation between the light-emitting structures  110 - 1  and between the reflective layers  114  and  116  and the electrode layers  118  and  120 . The separation layer  122 - 1  may include the separating insulation layer  112  on sidewalls and bottom surfaces of the light-emitting structure  110 - 1 , the metal layer  113  insulated from the light-emitting structure  110 - 1  by the separating insulation layer  112 , and the mold insulation layer  121  that insulates between the electrode layers  118  and  120  and the metal layer  113 . 
     The metal layer  113  may reflect light emitted by the light-emitting structures  110 - 1 . The metal layer  113  may include at least one of Al, Au, Ag, Pt, Ni, Cr, Ti, and Cu. Since materials at least partially comprising the separating insulation layer  112  and the mold insulation layer  121  are described above with reference to  FIG. 4 , detailed description thereof will be omitted. 
     In the LED device  500 , the plurality of phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  having different colors are disposed on the surfaces S 2  of separate, respective light-emitting structures  110 - 1 . The phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  may include the blue phosphor layer  128 , the green phosphor layer  130 , and the red phosphor layer  132 . 
     In the LED device  500 , the partition layer  124 - 2  is disposed between the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  to separate the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  from one another. The partition layer  124 - 2  may include a light reflecting structure. The light reflecting structure at least partially comprising the partition layer  124 - 2  may include a single body. The light reflecting structure at least partially comprising the partition layer  124 - 2  may include a light reflecting layer as described herein. The light reflecting layer may be at least one of a metal layer, a resin layer containing a metal oxide, and a distributed Bragg reflection layer. As described above, the LED device  500  may include the metal layer  113  at least partially comprising the separation layer  122 - 1  and the partition layer  124 - 2  including the light reflecting structure for improved light extraction efficiency associated with the LED device  500 . 
       FIG. 11  is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a LED device according to some example embodiments. 
     In detail, compared to the LED device  100  of  FIGS. 1 through 4 , the configuration of and the display generated by a LED device  600  may be identical or substantially identical (e.g., identical within material and manufacturing tolerances) except the structures of a separation layer  122 - 2  and a partition layer  124 - 3 . Compared to the LED device  500  of  FIG. 10 , the configuration of and the display generated by a LED device  600  may be identical or substantially identical (e.g., identical within material and manufacturing tolerances) except that the LED device  600  includes the partition layer  124 - 3  including a second metal layer  113 - 2 . Therefore, descriptions identical to those given above with reference to  FIGS. 1 through 4  and  FIG. 10  will be omitted or briefly given below. 
     The LED device  600  may include a plurality of light-emitting cells A, B, and C, e.g., a first light-emitting cell A, a second light-emitting cell B, and a third light-emitting cell C. The LED device  600  may include light-emitting structures  110  for the respective light-emitting cells A, B, and C. Since the configuration of the light-emitting structure  110  is described above with reference to  FIG. 4 , detailed description thereof will be omitted. 
     The separate sets  190  of electrode layers  118  and  120  may be disposed on a surface S 1  of each of the light-emitting structures  110 . The reflective layers  114  and  116  in a given set  190  may be further disposed on the electrode layers  118  and  120  of the given set  190 , respectively. Since materials and functions of the electrode layers  118  and  120  and the reflective layers  114  and  116  are described above with reference to  FIGS. 3 and 4 , detailed description thereof will be omitted. 
     The LED device  600  further includes the separation layer  122 - 2  for electric insulation between the light-emitting structures  110  and between the reflective layers  114  and  116  and the electrode layers  118  and  120 . The separation layer  122 - 2  may include a first separating insulation layer  112 - 1  disposed on sidewalls and bottom surfaces of the light-emitting structure  110 , a first metal layer  113 - 1  insulated from the light-emitting structure  110  by the first separating insulation layer  112 - 1 , and a mold insulation layer  121 - 1  that insulates between the electrode layers  118  and  120 . 
     The first metal layer  113 - 1  may include Al, Au, Ag, Pt, Ni, Cr, Ti, or Cu. The first metal layer  113 - 1  may reflect light emitted by the light-emitting structures  110 . Since materials at least partially comprising the first separating insulation layer  112 - 1  and the mold insulation layer  121 - 1  are identical to the materials at least partially comprising the separating insulation layer  112  and the mold insulation layer  121  described above with reference to  FIG. 4 , detailed description thereof will be omitted. 
     In the LED device  600 , the plurality of phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  having different colors are disposed on the surfaces S 2  of the light-emitting structures  110 , respectively. The phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  may include the blue phosphor layer  128 , the green phosphor layer  130 , and the red phosphor layer  132 . In the LED device  600 , the partition layer  124 - 3  is disposed between the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  to separate the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  from one another. 
     A second separating insulation layer  112 - 2  and the second metal layer  113 - 2  respectively extending from the first separating insulation layer  112 - 1  and the first metal layer  113 - 1  are disposed on a sidewall of each of the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132 . The second metal layer  113 - 2  may include Al, Au, Ag, Pt, Ni, Cr, Ti, or Cu. The second metal layer  113 - 2  may reflect light emitted by the light-emitting structures  110 . The second separating insulation layer  112 - 2  and the second metal layer  113 - 2  may at least partially comprise the above-stated partition layer  124 - 3 . The partition layer  124 - 3  includes the second metal layer  113 - 2  capable of reflecting light and may be referred to as a light reflecting structure. The partition layer  124 - 3  may include the second separating insulation layer  112 - 2  and may be referred to as an insulation structure. The partition layer  124 - 3  including a light reflecting structure or an insulation structure may include a single body. 
     The first separating insulation layer  112 - 1  and the first metal layer  113 - 1  of the LED device  600  may be integrally combined with the second separating insulation layer  112 - 2  and the second metal layer  113 - 2 , respectively. For example, the first separating insulation layer  112 - 1  and the second separating insulation layer  112 - 2  may be included in a common separating insulation layer, and the first metal layer  113 - 1  and the second metal layer  113 - 2  may be included in a common metal layer. The first separating insulation layer  112 - 1 , the first metal layer  113 - 1 , the second separating insulation layer  112 - 2 , and the second metal layer  113 - 2  may at least partially comprise the separation layer  122 - 2  and the partition layer  124 - 3 . In some example embodiments, the separation layer  122 - 2  and the partition layer  124 - 3  may be included in a common layer. 
     As described above, in the LED device  600 , the separation layer  122 - 2  and the partition layer  124 - 3  may include the first metal layer  113 - 1  and the second metal layer  113 - 2  for improved light extraction efficiency. 
       FIGS. 12A-I  are sectional diagrams for describing a method of fabricating a LED device according to some example embodiments. 
     In detail,  FIGS. 12A through 12I  are sectional diagrams for describing a method of fabricating the LED device  100  of  FIGS. 1 through 4 . Therefore, descriptions identical to those given above with reference to  FIGS. 1 through 4  will be omitted or briefly given. 
     Referring to  FIG. 12A , the light-emitting structure  110  is formed on a substrate  101 . The substrate  101  may be a growth substrate for growing the light-emitting structure  110 . The substrate  101  may be a semiconductor wafer. The substrate  101  may be a silicon-based substrate. The silicon-based substrate may be a silicon (Si) substrate or a silicon carbide (SiC) substrate. If and/or when a silicon-based substrate is used as the substrate  101 , the substrate  101  may easily have a large size and productivity of manufacturing the same may be high due to a relatively inexpensive cost. 
     The substrate  101  may be an insulation substrate including at least one of sapphire, MgAl 2 O 4 , MgO, LiAlO 2 , LiGaO 2 , GaN, AlN, etc. As described above with reference to  FIG. 4 , the light-emitting structure  110  may include the first conductive type semiconductor layer  102 , the active layer  104 , and the second conductive type semiconductor layer  106 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 12B , a separation hole  109  separating the light-emitting structure  110  into separate light-emitting structures corresponding to separate, respective light-emitting cells A, B, and C by selectively etching the light-emitting structure  110 . In other words, the separation hole  109  that separates the light-emitting structure  110  into a separate light-emitting structure corresponding to the first light-emitting cell A, a separate light-emitting structure corresponding to the second light-emitting cell B, and a separate light-emitting structure corresponding to the third light-emitting cell C is formed. 
     The separating insulation layer  112  including first exposing holes  111  that expose portions of the light-emitting structure  110  is formed on the inner wall of the separation hole  109  and on the light-emitting structure  110 . The first exposing holes  111  may include a first sub-exposing hole  111   a  and another first sub-exposing hole  111   b . The separating insulation layer  112  includes at least one of silicon oxide layer and a silicon nitride layer. 
     The separating insulation layer  112  may be formed on a sidewall and the top surface of each given light-emitting structure  110 . A first sub-exposing hole  111   a  may be a hole that exposes a first conductive type semiconductor layer of a given light-emitting structure  110 , e.g., a P-type semiconductor layer. A first sub-exposing hole  111   b  may be a hole that exposes a second conductive type semiconductor layer of a given light-emitting structure  110 , e.g., an N-type semiconductor layer. 
     The reflective layers  114  and  116  are formed in the first exposing holes  111 . The reflective layers  114  and  116  may include highly-reflective material layers, e.g., metal layers. The reflective layers  114  and  116  may include at least one of Al, Au, Ag, Pt, Ni, Cr, Ti, and Cu. The first reflective layer  114  and the second reflective layer  116  are formed in the first sub-exposing hole  111   a  and the first sub-exposing hole  111   b , respectively. The reflective layers  114  and  116  in a given light-emitting cell may reflect light emitted by the light-emitting structure  110  in the given light emitting cell and function as electrode layers. 
     Referring to  FIG. 12C , separate sets of electrode layers  118  and  120  are formed on the reflective layers  114  and  116  of the separate light-emitting cells A, B, C. In other words, in each given light-emitting cell, the first electrode layer  118  and the second electrode layer  120  are formed on the first reflective layer  114  and the second reflective layer  116  of the given light-emitting cell, respectively. The first electrode layer  118  may be electrically connected to the first conductive type semiconductor layer  102  shown in  FIG. 4 , whereas the second electrode layer  120  may be electrically connected to the second conductive type semiconductor layer  106  shown in  FIG. 4 . 
     The electrode layers  118  and  120  may include a same (e.g., common) material as the reflective layers  114  and  116 . Accordingly, a separate set  190  of the electrode layers  118  and  120  and the reflective layers  114  and  116  may be formed on the surface S 1  of each of the light-emitting structures  110 . 
     Next, the mold insulation layer  121  that electrically insulates between the electrode layers  118  and  120  and the light-emitting structures  110  is formed. The mold insulation layer  121  may include a silicon resin, an epoxy resin, or an acryl resin. The top surface of the mold insulation layer  121  and surfaces of the electrode layers  118  and  120  may form a continuous surface. Accordingly, the separating insulation layer  112  and the mold insulation layer  121  may at least partially comprise the separation layer  122  that electrically insulates the light-emitting cells A, B, and C from one another. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 12D and 12E , a temporary substrate  123  is attached onto the electrode layers  118  and  120  and the separation layer  122  as shown in  FIG. 12D . The temporary substrate  123  may be a substrate for supporting the electrode layers  118  and  120  and the separation layer  122 . The temporary substrate  123  may be a glass substrate or an insulation substrate. 
     Next, as shown in  FIG. 12E , the structure is turned upside down (e.g., inverted), such that the temporary substrate  123  faces downward, and the thickness of the structure is reduced by grinding the rear surface of the substrate  101 . If and/or when the rear surface of the substrate  101  is grinded as described above, the rear surface of the substrate  101  is planarized. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 12F and 12G , the partition layer  124  including second exposing holes  126  that exposes the surfaces S 2  of the light-emitting structures  110  is formed by selectively etching the substrate  101 . The second exposing holes  126  may include a second sub-exposing hole  126   a , a second sub-exposing hole  126   b , and a second sub-exposing hole  126   c  corresponding to the light-emitting cells A, B, and C, respectively. 
     The partition layer  124  may include a substrate structure or an insulation structure. The partition layer  124  may include a single body. The partition layer  124  may include a silicon-based substrate structure or an insulation substrate structure based on a material at least partially comprising the substrate  101 . Since the partition layer  124  according to the present embodiment includes a silicon-based substrate structure or an insulation substrate structure, it is not necessary to perform a separate stacking operation, and thus the overall fabrication process may be simplified. Furthermore, size of the partition layer  124  may be easily controlled. 
     As shown in  FIG. 12G , the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  are formed in the second exposing holes  126  of the light-emitting structures  110 , respectively. The blue phosphor layer  128 , the green phosphor layer  130 , and the red phosphor layer  132  are formed in the second sub-exposing hole  126   a , the second sub-exposing hole  126   b , and the second sub-exposing hole  126   c , respectively. Therefore, the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  may include the blue phosphor layer  128 , the green phosphor layer  130 , and the red phosphor layer  132 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 12H and 121 , the temporary substrate  123  is removed  192  as shown in  FIG. 12H . Next, as shown in  FIG. 12I , the LED device  100  as shown in  FIGS. 1 through 4  is completed by dicing the partition layer  124  and the separation layer  122  along a dicing line  136 , such that the LED device  100  includes the plurality of light-emitting cells A, B, and C. 
       FIGS. 13A and 13B  are sectional diagrams for describing a method of fabricating a LED device according to some example embodiments. 
     In detail,  FIGS. 13A and 13B  are sectional diagrams for describing a method of fabricating the LED device  300  of  FIG. 8 . The method shown in  FIGS. 13A and 13B  may be identical to the method shown in  FIGS. 12A through 12I  except that the light reflecting layer  204  is formed on a sidewall of the partition layer  124 . Therefore, descriptions identical to those given above with reference to  FIG. 8  and  FIGS. 12A through 12I  will be omitted or briefly given. 
     As described above with reference to  FIGS. 12A through 12F , the partition layer  124  including the second exposing holes  126  that expose the surfaces S 2  of the light-emitting structures  110  is formed. The second exposing holes  126  may include the second sub-exposing hole  126   a , the second sub-exposing hole  126   b , and the second sub-exposing hole  126   c  corresponding to the light-emitting cells A, B, and C, respectively. 
     As shown in  FIG. 13A , a light reflecting material layer  202  is formed on the second exposing holes  126  and the partition layer  124 . The light reflecting material layer  202  is formed on the surfaces S 2  of the light-emitting structures  110  and the side surfaces and the top surface of the partition layer  124 . The light reflecting material layer  202  may be a material layer that reflects light well. 
     As shown in  FIG. 13B , the light reflecting layer  204  is formed on a sidewall of the partition layer  124  by selectively etching the light reflecting material layer  202 . Since the material at least partially comprising the light reflecting layer  204  is described above, detailed description thereof will be omitted. If and/or when the light reflecting material layer  202  is etched, a portion of the light reflecting material layer  202  formed on the top surface of the light-emitting structure  110  may be removed. Next, as shown in  FIGS. 12G through 12I , the LED device  300  ( FIG. 8 ) may be completed by forming the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  in the second exposing holes  126 . 
       FIGS. 14A through 14C  are sectional diagrams for describing a method of fabricating the LED device  400  of  FIG. 9 . The method shown in  FIG. 14A  through  14 C may be identical to the method shown in  FIGS. 12A through 12I  except that a sidewall of the partition layer  124 - 1  is the sloped sidewall  206  and the uneven structure  208  is formed on a surface of the light-emitting structure  110 . Therefore, descriptions identical to those given above with reference to  FIG. 9  and  FIGS. 12A through 12I  will be omitted or briefly given. 
     As described above with reference to  FIGS. 12A through 12F , the partition layer  124 - 1  including the second exposing holes  126  that expose the surfaces S 2  of the light-emitting structures  110  is formed. The second exposing holes  126  may include the second sub-exposing hole  126   a , the second sub-exposing hole  126   b , and the second sub-exposing hole  126   c  corresponding to the light-emitting cells A, B, and C, respectively. 
     As shown in  FIG. 14A , during the formation of the partition layer  124 - 1 , a sidewall of the partition layer  124 - 1  is formed as the sloped sidewall  206  unlike in  FIG. 12F . Due to the sloped sidewall  206 , a diameter of the space surrounded by the sloped sidewall  206  may increase in a direction in which light travels (that is, upward). Therefore, light extraction efficiency of the LED device  400  may be improved. 
     As shown in  FIG. 14B , the light reflecting material layer  202  is formed on the second exposing holes  126  and a surface of the partition layer  124 - 1 . The light reflecting material layer  202  is formed to completely cover top surfaces of the light-emitting structure  110  and the side surfaces and the top surface of the partition layer  124 . The light reflecting material layer  202  may be a material layer that reflects light well. 
     As shown in  FIG. 14B , the light reflecting layer  204  is formed on a sidewall of the partition layer  124 - 1  by selectively etching the light reflecting material layer  202 . If and/or when the light reflecting material layer  202  is etched, the light reflecting material layer  202  formed on the surface of the light-emitting structure  110  may be removed. Since a material at least partially comprising the light reflecting layer  204  is described above, detailed description thereof will be omitted. Next, the uneven structure  208  is formed by etching the surface S 2  (e.g., the top surface) of the light-emitting structure  110 . The uneven structure  208  is formed to improve an efficiency for extracting light emitted by the light-emitting structure  110 . 
     Next, as shown in  FIGS. 12G through 12I , the LED device  400  ( FIG. 9 ) may be completed by forming the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  in the second exposing holes  126 . 
       FIGS. 15A through 15D  are sectional diagrams for describing a method of fabricating a LED device according to some example embodiments. 
     In detail,  FIGS. 15A through 15D  are sectional diagrams for describing a method of fabricating the LED device  500  of  FIG. 10 . The method shown in  FIGS. 15A through 15D  may be identical to the method shown in  FIGS. 12A through 12I  except the light-emitting structure  110 - 1  including the uneven structure  208 , the separation layer  122 - 1  including the metal layer  113 , and the partition layer  124 - 2  including a light reflecting structure. Therefore, descriptions identical to those given above with reference to  FIG. 10  and  FIGS. 12A through 12I  will be omitted or briefly given. 
     As described above with reference to  FIGS. 12A through 12I , the light-emitting structures  110 - 1  and the separation layer  122 - 1  that electrically separates the light-emitting structures  110 - 1  are formed. However, as shown in  FIG. 15A , the uneven structure  208  is formed on the surfaces S 2  (e.g., the top surfaces) of the light-emitting structures  110 - 1 . If and/or when a corresponding uneven structure is formed on the substrate  101 , the uneven structure  208  may be formed on the light-emitting structure  110 - 1  in correspondence to the uneven structure formed on the substrate  101 . 
     The separation layer  122 - 1  may include the separating insulation layer  112  that is formed on the two opposite sidewalls and the bottom surface of the light-emitting structure  110 - 1 , the metal layer  113  that is insulated from the light-emitting structure  110 - 1  by the separating insulation layer  112 , and the mold insulation layer  121  that insulates between the electrode layers  118  and  120  and the metal layer  113 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 15B , a substrate sacrificing layer  125  including a separating exposing hole  119  that exposes the separation layer  122 - 1  is formed by etching the substrate  101 . The substrate sacrificing layer  125  may be formed on the light-emitting structures  110 . The substrate sacrificing layer  125  may include a silicon substrate or an insulation substrate. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 15C and 15D , the partition layer  124 - 2  including a light reflecting material layer is formed in the separating exposing hole  119  as shown in  FIG. 15C . The partition layer  124 - 2  may include a single body. The light reflecting material layer may be a metal layer, a resin layer containing a metal oxide, or a distributed Bragg reflection layer. The light reflecting material layer may include a material as described above. The partition layer  124 - 2  may be formed to fill the separating exposing hole  119  on the separation layer  122 - 1 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 15D , the partition layer  124 - 2  including the second exposing holes  126  that expose the surfaces S 2  of the light-emitting structures  110  is formed by removing the substrate sacrificing layer  125 . As described above, the partition layer  124 - 2  may include a light reflecting structure. The second exposing holes  126  may include the second sub-exposing hole  126   a , the second sub-exposing hole  126   b , and the second sub-exposing hole  126   c  corresponding to the light-emitting cells A, B, and C, respectively. 
     Next, as shown in  FIGS. 12G through 12I , the LED device  500  ( FIG. 10 ) may be completed by forming the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  in the second exposing holes  126 . 
       FIGS. 16A through 16C  are sectional diagrams for describing a method of fabricating a LED device according to some example embodiments. 
     In detail,  FIGS. 16A through 16C  are sectional diagrams for describing a method of fabricating the LED device  600  of  FIG. 11 . The method shown in  FIGS. 16A  through  16 C may be identical to the method shown in  FIGS. 12A through 12I  except the structures of the separation layer  122 - 2  and the partition layer  124 - 3 . 
     The LED device  600  of  FIG. 11  may be identical to the LED device  500  of  FIG. 10  except the partition layer  124 - 3  including the second metal layer  113 - 2 . Therefore, descriptions identical to those given above with reference to  FIG. 11  and  FIGS. 12A through 12I  will be omitted or briefly given. 
     As shown in  FIG. 16A , the light-emitting structures  110  are formed on the substrate  101  and a separation hole  109 - 1  separating the light-emitting structures  110  from one another is formed. Unlike in  FIG. 12B , the separation hole  109 - 1  is also formed in the substrate  101  to a certain depth. A contact hole  107  may be formed in the light-emitting structure  110 , such that a second electrode layer  120  is connected to a second conductive type semiconductor layer. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 16B and 16C , the reflective layers  114  and  116  and the electrode layers  118  and  120  are formed on the surfaces S 1  of the light-emitting structures  110  as shown in  FIG. 16B . Next, the separation layer  122 - 2  and the partition layer  124 - 3  are simultaneously formed in the separation hole  109 - 1 . For convenience of explanation, the separation layer  122 - 2  will be described below with reference to  FIG. 16B , whereas the partition layer  124 - 3  will be described below with reference to  FIG. 16C . 
     As shown in  FIG. 16B , the separation layer  122 - 2  is formed to fill the separation hole  109 - 1 . The separation layer  122 - 2  is formed to electrically insulate between the light-emitting structures  110  and between the reflective layers  114  and  116  and the electrode layers  118  and  120 . 
     The separation layer  122 - 2  may include the separating insulation layer  112 - 1  that is formed on the two opposite sidewalls and the bottom surface of the light-emitting structure  110 , the first metal layer  113 - 1  that is insulated from the light-emitting structure  110  by the separating insulation layer  112 - 2 , and the mold insulation layer  121 - 1  that insulates between the electrode layers  118  and  120 . The mold insulation layer  121 - 1  may be formed after the second separating insulation layer  112 - 2  and the first metal layer  113 - 1  are formed. The first metal layer  113 - 1  may reflect light emitted by the light-emitting structures  110 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 16C , the second exposing holes  126  exposing the surfaces S 2  of the light-emitting structures  110  by removing the substrate  101 . The second exposing holes  126  may include the second sub-exposing hole  126   a , the second sub-exposing hole  126   b , and the second sub-exposing hole  126   c  corresponding to the light-emitting cells A, B, and C, respectively. 
     Referring back to  FIG. 11 , the plurality of phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  having different colors are formed in the second exposing holes  126  in correspondence to the light-emitting structures  110 , respectively. If and/or when the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  are formed, the partition layer  124 - 3  may be formed between the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  to separate the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  from one another. The second separating insulation layer  112 - 2  and the second metal layer  113 - 2  respectively extending from the first separating insulation layer  112 - 1  and the first metal layer  113 - 1  may be formed on a side surface of each of the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132 . The second separating insulation layer  112 - 2  and the second metal layer  113 - 2  may at least partially comprise the above-stated partition layer  124 - 3 . 
     As described above, the partition layer  124 - 3  may include the metal layer  113  capable of reflecting light and may be referred to as a light reflecting structure. As described above, the partition layer  124 - 3  may include the second separating insulation layer  112 - 2  and may be referred to as an insulation structure. The partition layer  124 - 3  may include a single body. 
     The first separating insulation layer  112 - 1  and the first metal layer  113 - 1  may be combined with the second separating insulation layer  112 - 2  and the second metal layer  113 - 2  in the fabrication operation shown in  FIG. 16B . If and/or when the phosphor layers  128 ,  130 , and  132  are formed, the first separating insulation layer  112 - 1 , the first metal layer  113 - 1 , the first separating insulation layer  112 - 1 , and the second metal layer  113 - 2  may be combined with one another to form the second separating insulation layer  112 - 2  and the partition layer  124 - 3 . 
     Next, the LED device  600  may be completed in the fabrication operations as shown in  FIGS. 12H and 121 . 
       FIGS. 17 and 18  are schematic sectional views of a white light source module including a LED device according to some example embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG. 17 , a LCD backlight light source module  1100  may include a circuit board  1110  and an array including a plurality of white LED devices  1100   a  mounted on the circuit board  1110 . A conductive pattern to be connected to the white LED devices  1100   a  may be disposed on the top surface of the circuit board  1110 . 
     Each of the white LED devices  1100   a  may have a structure in which a LED device  1130  emitting blue light is directly mounted on the circuit board  1110  as a chip on board (COB). The LED device  1130  may be at least any one of the LED devices  100  through  600  according to any example embodiments encompassed herein. Each of the white LED devices  1100   a  may have a hemispheric shape that a wavelength transformer  1150   a  functions as a lens, thereby exhibiting a wide beam opening angle. Such a wide beam opening angle may contribute to reduction of the thickness or the width of a LCD display apparatus. 
     Referring to  FIG. 18 , a LCD backlight light source module  1200  may include the circuit board  1110  and an array including a plurality of white LED devices  1100   b  mounted on the circuit board  1110 . Each of the white LED devices  1100   b  may include a LED device  1130  that is mounted inside a reflective cup of a package main unit  1125  and emits blue light and a wavelength transformer  1150   b  that encapsulates the LED device  1130 . The LED device  1130  may be at least any one of the LED devices  100  through  600  according to any example embodiments encompassed herein. 
     The wavelength transformers  1150   a  and  1150   b  may include a phosphor and/or wavelength transforming materials  1152 ,  1154 , and  1156  as an occasion demands. Detailed description thereof will be given below. 
       FIGS. 19A-B  illustrate a white light source module, that is, a LED device according to some example embodiments, which may be used in an illuminating apparatus, and  FIG. 20  is a CIE chromaticity diagram showing perfect radiator spectrums of a LED device fabricated according to some example embodiments. 
     In detail, each of the light source modules shown in  FIGS. 19A and 19B  may include a plurality of LED device packages  30 ,  40 , RED,  27 , and  50 . The LED device packages  30 ,  40 , RED,  27 , and  50  may include at least any one of the LED devices  100  through  600  according to any example embodiments encompassed herein. A plurality of LED device packages mounted on a single light source module may include homogeneous packages emitting light beams of a same wavelength or heterogeneous packages emitting light beams of different wavelengths. 
     Referring to  FIG. 19A , a white light source module may include a combination of white LED device packages  40  and  30  respectively corresponding to color temperatures of 4000K and 3000K and a red LED device package RED. A white light source module may provide white light that exhibits a color temperature from 3000K to 4000K and a color rendition Ra from 85 to 100. 
     In some example embodiments, a white light source module may include only white LED device packages, where some of the white LED device packages may emit white light corresponding to a different color temperature. For example, as shown in  FIG. 19B , by combining white LED device packages  27  corresponding to the color temperature 2700K and white LED device packages  50  corresponding to the color temperature 5000K, white light that exhibits a color temperature from 2700K to 5000K and a color rendition Ra from 85 to 99 may be provided. Here, the number of LED device packages for each color temperature may vary mainly based on a default color temperature. For example, in case of an illumination apparatus of which the default color temperature is 4000K, the number of LED device packages corresponding to the color temperature 4000K may be greater than the number of LED device packages corresponding to the color temperature 3000K or the number of red LED device packages. 
     Accordingly, heterogeneous LED device packages may include a LED device that emits white light based on a combination of a blue LED device with a yellow, green, red, or orange LED phosphor, a purple LED device, a blue LED device, a green LED device, a red LED device, or an infrared (e.g., light having a wavelength of about 700 nm to about 1 mm) light-emitting device to adjust the color temperature and the color rendition index (CRI) of white light. 
     In a single LED device package, light of a desired color may be determined based on the wavelength of a LED chip, that is, a LED device, and a type and a mixing proportion of a phosphor. If and/or when the single LED device package emits white light, the color temperature and the CRI of the white light may be adjusted. 
     For example, if a LED chip emits blue light, a LED device package comprising at least one of a yellow phosphor, a green phosphor, and a red phosphor may emit white light of various color temperatures according to mix proportions of the phosphor. On the contrary, a LED device package including a blue LED chip having applied thereto a green phosphor or a red phosphor may emit green light or red light. Accordingly, the color temperature and the CRI of white light may be adjusted by combining a LED device package emitting white light and a LED device package emitting green light or red light. Furthermore, LED device packages may include at least one of a purple LED device, a blue LED device, a green LED device, a red LED device, or an infrared ray emitting device. 
     In this case, an illumination apparatus may adjust the CRI of emitted light from the CRI corresponding to sodium (Na) to a CRI corresponding to the sunlight and may emit white light of various color temperatures from 1500K to 20000K. If necessary, a color of light emitted by the illumination apparatus may be adjusted in correspondence to a surrounding atmosphere or a mood by emitting a visible ray, such as purple light, blue light, green light, red light, and orange light, or an infrared ray. Furthermore, the illumination apparatus may emit light of a special wavelength that may promote growth of a plant. 
     White light generated by combining a blue LED device with yellow, green, and red phosphors and/or green and red phosphors has two or more peak wavelengths that may be located inside a segment area defined by (x, y) coordinates of the CIE 1931 coordinates system including (0.4476, 0.4074), (0.3484, 0.3516), (0.3101, 0.3162), (0.3128, 0.3292), and (0.3333, 0.3333) as shown in  FIG. 20 . Alternatively, the peak wavelengths may be located inside an area surrounded by line segments and a black body radiation spectrum. Color temperature of white light is between 1500K and 20000K. In  FIG. 20 , white light nearby the point E (0.3333, 0.3333) below the black body radiation spectrum (Planckian locus) is light with relatively weak yellow light ingredients and may be used as an illumination light source for providing a relatively clear or fresh picture to the human eyes. Therefore, an illumination apparatus using white light nearby the point E (0.3333, 0.3333) below the black body radiation spectrum (Planckian locus) may be effective as an illumination apparatus for a food store or a clothing store. 
     Meanwhile, various materials including phosphors and/or quantum dots (QDs) may be used as materials for transforming wavelength of light emitted by a semiconductor LED device. 
     Phosphors may have compositions and colors as shown below. 
     Oxide-based: Yellow and Green Y 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce, Tb 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce, Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce 
     Silicate-based: Yellow and Green (Ba,Sr) 2 SiO 4 :Eu, Yellow and Orange (Ba,Sr) 3 SiO 5 :Ce 
     Nitride-based: Green reSiAlON:Eu, Yellow La 3 Si 6 Ni 11 :Ce, Orange αrSiAlON:Eu, Red CaAlSiN 3 :Eu, Sr 2 Si 5 Ns:Eu, SrSiAl 4 N 7 :Eu, SrLiAl 3 N 4 :Eu, Ln 4−x (Eu z M 1−z ) x Si 12−y Al y O 3+x+y N 18−x−y  (0.5≤x≤3, 0&lt;z&lt;0.3, 0&lt;y≤4)—Equation (1) 
     Here, in Equation (1), Ln may be at least one atom selected from a group consisting of Group IIIa atoms and rare-earth atoms, whereas M may be at least one atom selected from a group consisting of Ca, Ba, Sr, and Mg. 
     Fluoride-based: KSF-based Red K 2 SiF 6 :Mn 4+ , K 2 TiF 6 :Mn 4+ , NaYF 4 :Mn 4+ , NaGdF 4 :Mn 4+ , K 3 SiF 7 :Mn 4+   
     A composition of a phosphor may satisfy the stoichiometry, where each atom may be substituted by another atom in a corresponding group in the periodic table. For example, Sr may be substituted by an alkaline-earth (group II) element including Ba, CA, and Mg, whereas Y may be substituted by a lanthanide including Tb, Lu, Sc, and Gd. Furthermore, Eu, which is an activator, may be substituted by Ce, Tb, Pr, Er, or Yb based on a desired level, where an activator may be used alone or a sub-activator may be additionally applied for changing characteristics of a phosphor. 
     In particular, a fluoride-based red phosphor may be coated with a fluoride without Mn or may further include an organic material coat on the surface of the phosphor or the surface coated with a fluoride without Mn for improved reliability against high temperatures and high humidity. Unlike other phosphors, a fluoride-based red phosphor as described above may exhibit a small half-width below or equal to 40 nm, and thus the fluoride-based red phosphor may be applied to a high-resolution TV, such as an ultra high-definition (UHD) TV. 
     Table 1 below shows types of phosphors categorized according to fields of application of white LED devices employing a blue LED chip (440 nm to 460 nm) or an UV LED chip (380 nm to 440 nm). 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Usage 
                 Phosphor 
                 Usage 
                 Phosphor 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 LED TV BLU 
                 β-SiAlON:Eu 2+   
                 Side View 
                 Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce 3+   
               
               
                   
                 (Ca,Sr)AlSiN 3 :Eu 2+   
                 (Mobile, Note PC) 
                 Ca-α-SiAlON:Eu 2+   
               
               
                   
                 La 3 Si 6 N 11 :Ce 3+   
                   
                 La 3 Si 6 N 11 :Ce 3+   
               
               
                   
                 K 2 SiF 6 :Mn 4+   
                   
                 (Ca,Sr)AlSiN 3 :Eu 2+   
               
               
                   
                 SrLiAl 3 N 4 :Eu 
                   
                 Y 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce 3+   
               
               
                   
                 Ln 4−x (Eu z M 1−z ) x Si 12−y Al y O 3+x+y N 18−x−y   
                   
                 (Sr,Ba,Ca,Mg) 2 SiO 4 :Eu 2+   
               
               
                   
                 (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 3, 0 &lt; z &lt; 0.3, 0 &lt;y ≤ 4) 
                   
                 K 2 SiF 6 :Mn 4+   
               
               
                   
                 K 2 TiF 6 :Mn 4+   
                   
                 SrLiAl 3 N 4 :Eu 
               
               
                   
                 NaYF 4 :Mn 4+   
                   
                 Ln 4−x (Eu z M 1−z ) x Si 12−y Al y O 3+x+y N 18−x−y   
               
               
                   
                 NaGdF 4 :Mn 4+   
                   
                 (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 3, 0 &lt; z &lt; 0.3, 0 &lt; y ≤ 4) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 K 2 TiF 6 :Mn 4+   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 NaYF 4 :Mn 4+   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 NaGdF 4 :Mn 4+   
               
               
                 Illumination 
                 Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce 3+   
                 Electrical Component 
                 Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce 3+   
               
               
                   
                 Ca-α-SiAlON:Eu 2+   
                 (Head Lamp, etc.) 
                 Ca-α-SiAlON:Eu 2+   
               
               
                   
                 La 3 Si 6 N 11 :Ce 3+   
                   
                 La 3 Si 6 N 11 :Ce 3+   
               
               
                   
                 (Ca,Sr)AlSiN 3 :Eu 2+   
                   
                 (Ca,Sr)AlSiN 3 :Eu 2+   
               
               
                   
                 Y 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce 3+   
                   
                 Y 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce 3+   
               
               
                   
                 K 2 SiF 6 :Mn 4+   
                   
                 K 2 SiF 6 :Mn 4+   
               
               
                   
                 SrLiAl 3 N 4 :Eu 
                   
                 SrLiAl 3 N 4 :Eu 
               
               
                   
                 Ln 4−x (Eu z M 1−z ) x Si 12−y Al y O 3+x+y N 18−x−y   
                   
                 Ln 4−x (Eu z M 1−z ) x Si 12−y Al y O 3+x+y N 18−x−y   
               
               
                   
                 (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 3, 0 &lt; z &lt; 0.3, 0 &lt; y ≤ 4) 
                   
                 (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 3, 0 &lt; z &lt; 0.3, 0 &lt; y ≤ 4) 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 TiF 6 :Mn 4+   
                   
                 K 2 TiF 6 :Mn 4+   
               
               
                   
                 NaYF 4 :Mn 4+   
                   
                 NaYF 4 :Mn 4+   
               
               
                   
                 NaGdF 4 :Mn 4+   
                   
                 NaGdF 4 :Mn 4+   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Furthermore, wavelength transformers may include wavelength transforming materials such as QDs, replacing the phosphor or mixed with the phosphor. 
       FIG. 21  is a schematic cross-sectional view of a QD, which is a wavelength transforming material that may be applied to a LED device according to some example embodiments. 
     In detail, the QD may include a group III-V compound semiconductor or a group II-VI compound semiconductor and have a core-shell structure. For example, the QD may have a core including CdSe or InP and a shell including ZnS or ZnSe. Furthermore, the QD may have a ligand for stabilization of the core and the shell. For example, the diameter of the core may be from about 1 nm to about 30 nm (preferably, from about 3 nm to about 10 nm), whereas the thickness of the shell may be from about 0.1 nm to about 20 nm (preferably, from about 0.5 nm to about 2 nm). 
     The QD may embody various colors based on the size thereof. In particular, when the QD is used to substitute a phosphor, the QD may be used as a red phosphor or a green phosphor. If and/or when the QD is used to substitute a phosphor, a small half-width (e.g., about 35 nm) may be embodied. 
     The wavelength transforming material may be contained in an encapsulating element or may be fabricated as a film-like element and attached to a surface of an optical structure, such as a LED chip or a light guiding plate. In this case, the wavelength transforming material may have a uniform thickness and be easily applied to a desired area. 
       FIG. 22  is a schematic perspective view of a backlight unit including a LED device according to some example embodiments. 
     In detail, a backlight unit  2000  may include a light guiding panel  2040  and light source modules  2010  provided at both sides of the light guiding panel  2040 . Furthermore, the backlight unit  2000  may further include a reflective panel  2020  disposed below the light guiding panel  2040 . The backlight unit  2000  according to the present embodiment may be an edge-type backlight unit. According to some embodiments, the light source module  2010  may be provided only at one side of the light guiding panel  2040  or the additional light source module  2010  may be provided at another side of the light guiding panel  2040 . The light source module  2010  may include a printed circuit board  2001  and a plurality of light sources  2005  mounted on the top surface of the printed circuit board  2001 . The light sources  2005  may include at least any one of the LED devices  100  through  600  according to the above embodiments. 
       FIG. 23  is a diagram showing a direct type backlight unit including a LED device according to some example embodiments. 
     In detail, a backlight unit  2100  may include a light diffusing plate  2140  and a light source module  2110  disposed below the light diffusing plate  2140 . Furthermore, the backlight unit  2100  may further include a bottom case  2160  that is disposed below the light diffusing plate  2140  and accommodates the backlight unit  2100 . The backlight unit  2100  according to the present embodiment may be a direct type backlight unit. 
     The light source module  2110  may include a printed circuit board  2101  and a plurality of light sources  2105  mounted on the top surface of the printed circuit board  2101 . The light sources  2105  may include at least any one of the LED devices  100  through  600  according to the above embodiments. 
       FIG. 24  is a diagram showing a direct type backlight unit including a LED device according to some example embodiments. 
     In detail,  FIG. 24  shows an example arrangement of light sources  2205  in a direct type backlight unit  2200 . The light sources  2205  may include at least any one of the LED devices  100  through  600  according to the above embodiments. 
     The direct type backlight unit  2200  according to the present embodiment includes the plurality of light sources  2205  disposed on a substrate  2201 . The light sources  2205  at least partially comprise a matrix including rows and columns, wherein the rows and columns are arranged in zigzag. In other words, a second matrix having the same structure as a first matrix is arranged in the first matrix including the plurality of light sources  2205  arranged linearly in rows and columns, wherein the light sources  2205  of the second matrix are located inside a rectangle including the four light sources  2205  of the first matrix adjacent to one another. 
     However, in order to further improve uniformity of brightness and optical efficiency of the direct type backlight unit  2200 , the arrangement structure and intervals of the first and second matrixes may be changed. Furthermore, distances S 1  and S 2  between adjacent light sources may be adjusted to secure uniformity of brightness. As described above, as rows and columns including the light sources  2205  are disposed zigzag instead of disposing in the linear fashion, the number of the light sources  2205  may be reduced by from about 15% to about 25% with respect to a same light emitting area. 
       FIG. 25  is a diagram for describing a direct type backlight unit including a LED device according to some example embodiments, and  FIG. 26  is a diagram showing a light source module of  FIG. 25  in closer detail. 
     In detail, a backlight unit  2300  according to the present embodiment may include an optical sheet  2320  and a light source module  2310  disposed below the optical sheet  2320 . The optical sheet  2320  may include a diffusing sheet  2321 , a light focusing sheet  2322 , and a protection sheet  2323 . 
     The light source module  2310  may include a printed circuit board  2311 , a plurality of light sources  2312  mounted on the printed circuit board  2311 , and a plurality of optical devices  2313  respectively disposed on the light sources  2312 . The light sources  2312  may include at least any one of the LED devices  100  through  600  according to the above embodiments. 
     The optical device  2313  may adjust the beam opening angle of light based on refraction. In particular, a lens having a wide beam opening angle for spreading light emitted by the light sources  2312  to a wide area may be utilized. Since the light source  2312  having attached thereto the optical device  2313  exhibits a relatively wide optical distribution, when a light source module including the same is used in a backlight unit or a flat panel illumination apparatus, the number of the light sources  2312  needed for a same area may be reduced. 
     As shown in  FIG. 26 , the optical device  2313  may include a bottom surface  2313   a  contacting the light source  2312 , a light incidence surface  2313   b  via which light is incident thereto, and a light emitting surface  2313   c  via which light is emitted to outside. The bottom surface  2313   a  may include a groove  2313   d , which is a center portion of the bottom surface  2313   a  recessed toward the light emitting surface  2313   c  along the optical axis Z of the light source  2312 . A surface of the groove  2313   d  may be defined as the light incidence surface  2313   b  via which light emitted by the light source  2312  is incident. In other words, the light incidence surface  2313   b  may at least partially comprise the surface of the groove  2313   d.    
     The center portion of the bottom surface  2313   a  connected to the light incidence surface  2313   b  may partially protrude toward the light source  2312 , and thus the bottom surface  2313   a  may have an overall non-flat structure. In other words, unlike a common flat structure, the bottom surface  2313   a  may have a structure in which the bottom surface  2313   a  partially protrude around the groove  2313   d . A plurality of supporters  2313   f  may be disposed on the bottom surface  2313   a . If and/or when the optical devices  2313  is mounted on the printed circuit board  2311 , the supporters  2313   f  may fix and support the optical device  2313 . 
     The light emitting surface  2313   c  protrude upward (light emitting direction) from an edge connected to the bottom surface  2313   a  to have a dome-like shape, wherein the center portion of the light emitting surface  2313   c  may be recessed toward the groove  2313   d  along the optical axis Z to have an inflection point. A plurality of uneven portions  2313   e  may be periodically disposed on the light emitting surface  2313   c  in directions from the optical axis Z toward edges. The plurality of uneven portions  2313   e  may have a ring-like shape corresponding to the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the optical device  2313  and may at least partially comprise a concentric circle around the optical axis Z. furthermore, the plurality of uneven portions  2313   e  may be disposed to at least partially comprise a periodical pattern along the light emitting surface  2313   c  and to spread in a radial shape. 
     The plurality of uneven portions  2313   e  may be apart from one another at a constant pitch P and at least partially comprise a pattern. In this case, the pitch P between the plurality of uneven portions  2313   e  may be from about 0.01 mm to about 0.04 mm. The plurality of uneven portions  2313   e  may compensate differences between performance of the optical devices  2313  due to a fine machining error that may occur during fabrication of the optical devices  2313 , thereby improving uniformity of optical distribution. 
       FIG. 27  is a diagram for describing a direct type backlight unit including a LED device according to some example embodiments. 
     In detail, a backlight unit  2400  includes light sources  2405  mounted on a printed circuit board  2401  and includes one or more optical sheets  2406  disposed thereon. The light source  2405  may be a white LED device including a red phosphor. The light sources  2405  may be modules mounted on the printed circuit board  2401 . The light sources  2405  may include at least any one of the LED devices  100  through  600  according to the above embodiments. 
     The printed circuit board  2401  according to the present embodiment may include a first flat surface portion  2401   a  corresponding to a main area, a sloped portion  2401   b  that is disposed around the first flat surface portion  2401   a  and is at least partially bent, and a second flat surface portion  2401   c  disposed at edges of the printed circuit board  2401  outside the sloped portion  2401   b . The light sources  2405  may be disposed on the first flat surface portion  2401   a  at a first interval d 1 , whereas the one or more light sources  2405  may be disposed on the sloped portion  2401   b  at a second interval d 2 . The first interval d 1  may be identical to the second interval d 2 . The width of the sloped portion  2401   b  (or a length in a cross-sectional view) may be less than the width of the first flat surface portion  2401   a  and longer than the width of the second flat surface portion  2401   c . Furthermore, as an occasion demands, the at least one light source  2405  may be disposed on the second flat surface portion  2401   c.    
     The slope of the sloped portion  2401   b  may form an angle greater than 0° and less than 90° with the first flat surface portion  2401   a . Due to the structure of the printed circuit board  2401 , uniform brightness may be maintained nearby edges of the optical sheet  2406 . 
       FIG. 28 ,  FIG. 29 , and  FIG. 30  are diagrams for describing backlight units including LED devices according to some example embodiments. 
     In detail, in backlight units  2500 ,  2600 , and  2700 , wavelength transformers  2550 ,  2650 , and  2750  may not be disposed at light sources  2505 ,  2605 , and  2705  and may be disposed outside the light sources  2505 ,  2605 , and  2705  in the backlight units  2500 ,  2600 , and  2700  and transform light. The light sources  2505 ,  2605 , and  2705  may include at least any one of the LED devices  100  through  600  according to the above embodiments. 
     The backlight unit  2500  is a direct type backlight unit and may include the wavelength transformer  2550 , a light source module  2510  disposed below the wavelength transformer  2550 , and a bottom case  2560  accommodating the light source module  2510 . Furthermore, the light source module  2510  may include a printed circuit board  2501  and a plurality of light sources  2505  mounted on the top surface of the printed circuit board  2501 . 
     In the backlight unit  2500 , the wavelength transformer  2550  may be disposed on the bottom case  2560 . Therefore, light emitted by the light source module  2510  may be at least partially wavelength-transformed by the wavelength transformer  2550 . The wavelength transformer  2550  may be fabricated as a separate film, where the wavelength transformer  2550  may be combined with a light diffusing plate (not shown). 
     The backlight units  2600  and  2700  are edge type backlight units and may include wavelength transformers  2650  and  2750 , light guiding plates  2640  and  2740 , reflectors  2620  and  2720  and light sources  2605  and  2705  that are arranged at first sides of the light guiding plates  2640  and  2740 . Light emitted by the light sources  2605  and  2705  may be guided into the light guiding plates  2640  and  2740  by the reflectors  2620  and  2720 . In the backlight unit  2600 , the wavelength transformer  2650  may be disposed between the light guiding plate  2640  and the light source  2605 . In the backlight unit  2700 , the wavelength transformer  2750  may be disposed on the light emitting surface of the light guiding plate  2740 . 
     The wavelength transformers  2550 ,  2650 , and  2750  may include common phosphors. In particular, in order to compensate vulnerability of quantum dots to heat from a light source or moisture, a quantum dot phosphor may be applied. 
       FIG. 31  is a schematic exploded perspective view of a display apparatus including a LED device according to some example embodiments. 
     In detail, a display apparatus  3000  may include a backlight unit  3100 , an optical sheet  3200 , and an image display panel  3300 , such as a LCD panel. The backlight unit  3100  may include a bottom case  3110 , a reflective plate  3120 , a light guiding plate  3140 , and a light source module  3130  provided on at least one surface of the light guiding plate  3140 . The light source module  3130  may include a printed circuit board  3131  and light sources  3132 . 
     In particular, the light sources  3132  may be side-view type LED devices mounted on a side surface adjacent to a light-emitting surface. The light sources  3132  may include at least any one of the LED devices  100  through  600  according to the above embodiments. The optical sheet  3200  may be disposed between the light guiding plate  3140  and the image display panel  3300  and may include one of various types of sheets, such as a spreading sheet, a prism sheet, and a protection sheet. 
     The image display panel  3300  may display an image by using light emitted from the optical sheet  3200 . The image display panel  3300  may include an array substrate  3320 , a liquid crystal layer  3330 , and a color filter substrate  3340 . The array substrate  3320  may include pixel electrodes disposed in a matrix-like shape, thin-film transistors that apply driving voltages to the pixel electrodes, and signal lines for operating the thin-film transistors. 
     The color filter substrate  3340  may include a transparent substrate, a color filter, and a common electrode. The color filter may include filters for selectively transmitting light of particular wavelengths from white light emitted by the backlight unit  3100 . The liquid crystal layer  3330  may be rearranged by an electric field formed between the pixel electrodes and the common electrode, thereby adjusting light transmittance. Light of which transmittance is adjusted may pass through the color filter of the color filter substrate  3340 , thereby displaying an image. The image display panel  3300  may further include a driving circuit unit for processing image signals. 
     Since the display apparatus  3000  according to the present embodiment employs the light source  3132  that emit blue light, green light, and red light having relatively small half-widths, light emitted by the light source  3132  may pass through the color filter substrate  3340  and embody blue color, green color, and red color of high color purity. 
       FIG. 32  is a schematic perspective view of a flat-panel illumination apparatus including a LED device according to some example embodiments. 
     In detail, a flat-panel illumination apparatus  4100  may include a light source module  4110 , a power supply unit  4120 , and a housing  4130 . According to some example embodiments, the light source module  4110  may include a LED device array as a light source. The light source module  4110  may include at least any one of the LED devices  100  through  600  according to the above embodiments as a light source. The power supply unit  4120  may include a LED device driving unit. 
     The light source module  4110  may include a LED device array and may have an overall flat shape. According to some example embodiments, the LED device array may include LED devices and a controller that stores information for driving the LED devices. 
     The power supply unit  4120  may be configured to supply power to the light source module  4110 . The housing  4130  may form an accommodation space in which the light source module  4110  and the power supply unit  4120  are accommodated and have a hexahedral shape with one open side. However, the inventive concepts are not limited thereto. The light source module  4110  may be disposed to emit light toward the open side of the housing  4130 . 
       FIG. 33  is a schematic exploded perspective view of an illumination apparatus including a LED device according to some example embodiments. 
     In detail, an illumination apparatus  4200  may include a socket  4210 , a power supply unit  4220 , a heat dissipater  4230 , a light source module  4240 , and an optical unit  4250 . According to some example embodiments, the light source module  4240  may include a LED device array, whereas the power supply unit  4220  may include a LED device driving unit. 
     The socket  4210  may be configured to replace an existing illumination apparatus. Power supplied to the illumination apparatus  4200  may be applied via the socket  4210 . As shown in  FIG. 33 , the power supply unit  4220  may include a first power supply unit  4221  and a second power supply unit  4222 . The heat dissipater  4230  may include an inner heat dissipating unit  4231  and an outer heat dissipating unit  4232 . The inner heat dissipating unit  4231  may be directly connected to the light source module  4240  and/or the power supply unit  4220 , such that heat is transmitted to the outer heat dissipating unit  4232 . The optical unit  4250  may include an inner optical unit (not shown) and an outer optical unit (not shown) and may be configured to uniformly disperse light emitted by the light source module  4240 . 
     The light source module  4240  may receive power from the power supply unit  4220  and emit light toward the optical unit  4250 . The light source module  4240  may include one or more LED device packages  4241 , a circuit board  4242 , and a controller  4243 , where the controller  4243  may store information for driving the LED device package  4241 . The LED device package  4241  may include at least any one of the LED devices  100  through  600  according to the above embodiments. 
       FIG. 34  is a schematic exploded perspective view of a bar-type illumination apparatus including a LED device according to some example embodiments. 
     In detail, an illumination apparatus  4400  includes a heat dissipating unit  4401 , a cover  4427 , a light source module  4421 , a first socket  4405 , and a second socket  4423 . A plurality of heat dissipating pins  4500  and  4409  may be disposed on the inner surface and/or the outer surface of the heat dissipating unit  4401  as uneven structures, where the heat dissipating pins  4500  and  4409  may be disposed to have one of various shapes at one of various intervals. A protruding supporter  4413  is disposed inside the heat dissipating unit  4401 . The light source module  4421  may be fixed by the supporter  4413 . Locking hooks  4411  may be disposed at two opposite ends of the heat dissipating unit  4401 . 
     Locking grooves  4429  are disposed at the cover  4427 , where the locking hooks  4411  of the heat dissipating unit  4401  may be hook-combined with the locking grooves  4429 . Locations of the locking grooves  4429  and the locking hooks  4411  may be reversed. 
     The light source module  4421  may include a LED device array. The light source module  4421  may include a printed circuit board  4419 , light sources  4417 , and a controller  4415 . The controller  4415  may store information for driving the light source  4417 . Circuit wires for driving the light sources  4417  may be disposed on the printed circuit board  4419 . Furthermore, the printed circuit board  4419  may include components for driving the light sources  4417 . The light sources  4417  may include at least any one of the LED devices  100  through  600  according to the above embodiments. 
     First and second sockets  4405  and  4423  are a pair of sockets and are attached to two opposite ends of the cylindrical cover unit consisting of the heat dissipating unit  4401  and the cover  4427 . For example, the first socket  4405  may include an electrode terminal  4403  and a power supply unit  4407 , whereas a dummy terminal  4425  may be disposed at the second socket  4423 . Furthermore, an optical sensor and/or a communication module may be embedded to either one of the first socket  4405  or the second socket  4423 . For example, an optical sensor and/or a communication module may be embedded to the second socket  4423  including the dummy terminal  4425 . In another example, an optical sensor and/or a communication module may be embedded to the first socket  4405  including the electrode terminal  4403 . 
       FIG. 35  is a schematic exploded perspective view of a bar-type illumination apparatus including a LED device according to some example embodiments. 
     In detail, a difference between an illumination apparatus  4500  according to the present embodiment and the illumination apparatus  4200  described above is that, in the illumination apparatus  4500 , a reflective plate  4310  and a communication module  4320  are disposed above the light source module  4240 . The reflective plate  4310  may reduce glare by uniformly dispersing light from a light source sideways and backwards. 
     The communication module  4320  may be disposed on the reflective plate  4310 , where a home network communication may be established via the communication module  4320 . For example, the communication module  4320  may be a wireless communication module using Zigbee, Wi-Fi, or LiFi, where an illumination apparatus installed inside or outside a house may be controlled by using a smart phone or a wireless controller (e.g., brightness control). Furthermore, via a LiFi communication module utilizing visible ray wavelengths of the illumination apparatus installed inside or outside a house, electronic devices and automobile system, e.g., a TV, a refrigerator, an air conditioner, a door lock, an automobile, etc., may be controlled. The reflective plate  4310  and the communication module  4320  may be covered by a cover  4330 . 
       FIG. 36  is a schematic diagram for describing an indoor illumination controlling network system including a LED device according to some example embodiments. 
     In detail, a network system  5000  may be a composite smart illumination-network system employing an illumination technique using a light-emitting device, such as a LED, an Internet-of-Things (IoT) technique, and wireless communication technique. The network system  5000  may include various illumination apparatuses and wire/wireless communication devices and may be embodied with sensors, controllers, communication devices, and software for controlling and maintaining a network. 
     The network system  5000  may be used not only in a closed space in a building, such as a home or an office, but also in an open space, such as a park or a street. The network system  5000  may be embodied based on an IoT environment in order to collect and process various pieces of information and provide the information to a user. 
     A LED lamp  5200  included in the network system  5000  may not only receive information regarding a surrounding environment from a gateway  5100  and adjust brightness of the LED lamp  5200 , but also check operation states of other devices  5300  through  5800  included in an IoT environment and control the devices  5300  through  5800 . The LED lamp  5200  may include at least any one of the LED devices  100  through  600  according to the above embodiments. 
     The network system  5000  may include a gateway  5100  for processing data transmitted and received via different communication protocols, the LED lamp  5200  that is communicably connected to the gateway  5100  and includes a LED device, and the plurality of devices  5300  through  5800  that are communicably connected to the gateway  5100  via various wireless communication protocols. To embody the network system  5000  based on an IoT environment, each of the LED lamp  5200  and the devices  5300  through  5800  may include at least one communication module. For example, the LED lamp  5200  may be communicably connected to the gateway  5100  via a wireless communication protocol, such as WiFi, Zigbee, and LiFi. To this end, the LED lamp  5200  may include at least one lamp communication module  5210 . 
     The network system  5000  may be applied not only to a closed space, such as a home or an office, but also to an open space, such as a park or a street. If and/or when the network system  5000  is applied to a home, the plurality of devices  5300  through  5800  that are included in the network system  5000  and are communicably connected to the gateway  5100  based on an IoT technique may include a household appliance  5300 , a digital door lock  5400 , a garage door lock  5500 , an illumination switch  5600  installed on a location like a wall, a router  5700  for routing wireless communications, and a mobile device  5800 , such as a smart phone, a tablet PC, and a laptop computer. 
     In the network system  5000 , the LED lamp  5200  may check operation states of the various devices  5300  through  5800  or automatically adjust brightness of the LED lamp  5200  based on a surrounding environment/circumstance, via a wireless communication network (e.g., Zigbee, WiFi, LiFi, etc.) installed in a home. Furthermore, the LED lamp  5200  may control the devices  5300  through  5800  included in the network system  5000  via a LiFi communication using visible rays emitted by the LED lamp  5200 . 
     First. The LED lamp  5200  may automatically adjust brightness of the LED lamp  5200  based on information regarding a surrounding environment that is transmitted from the gateway  5100  via the lamp communication module  5210  or collected by a sensor included in the LED lamp  5200 . For example, brightness of the LED lamp  5200  may be automatically adjusted based on type of a program displayed on a television  5310  or screen brightness of the television  5310 . To this end, the LED lamp  5200  may receive operation information regarding the television  5310  from the lamp communication module  5210  connected to the gateway  5100 . The lamp communication module  5210  may be combined with a sensor and/or a controller included in the LED lamp  5200 . 
     For example, when a program displayed by the television  5310  is a human drama, brightness of illumination may be adjusted based on a pre-set value. For example, the color temperature of the illumination may be lowered to a color temperature below or equal to 12000K (e.g., 5000K) and color balance may be adjusted, and thus a cozy atmosphere may be created. Meanwhile, when a program displayed by the television  5310  is a comedy program, the color temperature of the illumination may be increased to above 5000K and color balance may be adjusted to bluish white illumination, based on a pre-set value. 
     Furthermore, when there is no person at home and a certain time is elapsed after the digital door lock  5400  is locked, the turned ON LED lamp  5200  may be turned OFF to prevent electricity waste. Alternatively, when there is no person at home, a security mode is set via the mobile device  5800 , and the digital door lock  5400  is locked, the LED lamp  5200  may be maintained ON. 
     An operation of the LED lamp  5200  may be controlled based on information regarding surrounding environments collected by various sensors connected to the network system  5000 . For example, if the network system  5000  is established in a building, illuminations, location sensors, and communication modules may be combined with one another inside the building, information regarding locations of people inside the building may be collected, and illuminations may be turned ON or OFF or the collected information may be provided in real time for efficient facility management or efficient utilization of unused spaces. Since illumination apparatuses, such as the LED lamp  5200 , are disposed in almost all spaces of floors of a building, various information inside the building may be collected via sensors combined with the LED lamps  5200  and utilized for facility management or utilization of unused spaces. 
     Meanwhile, an image sensor, a storage device, and the lamp communication module  5210  may be combined with the LED lamp  5200  and may be utilized as a device for maintaining security of a building or detecting and handling an emergency situation. For example, when a smoke detector or a temperature sensor is attached to the LED lamp  5200 , an event like outbreak of fire may be quickly detected to minimize damages. Furthermore, brightness of illumination may be adjusted by taking outside weather or an amount of sunshine into account, thereby reducing energy consumption and providing a comfortable illumination environment. 
     As described above, the network system  5000  may be applied not only to a closed space, such as a home or an office, but also to an open space, such as a park or a street. In case of applying the network system  5000  to an open space without a physical limit, it may be relatively difficult to embody the network system  5000  due to factors including a distance limit of a wireless communication and communication interference due to obstacles. By attaching a sensor and a communication module to each of the illumination apparatuses and utilizing each of the illumination apparatuses as an information collecting unit and a communication relaying unit, the network system  5000  may be efficiently established in an open environment as described above. 
       FIG. 37  is a schematic diagram for describing a network system including a LED device according to some example embodiments. 
     In detail,  FIG. 37  shows a network system  6000  applied to an open space. The network system  6000  may include a communication connecting device  6100 , a plurality of illumination apparatuses  6120  and  6150  that are installed at a certain interval and are communicably connected to the communication connecting device  6100 , a server  6160 , a computer  6170  for managing the server  6160 , a communication station  6180 , a communication network  6190  for interconnecting communicable devices, and a mobile device  6200 . 
     The plurality of illumination apparatuses  6120  and  6150  installed at an open outdoor space, such as a street or a park, may include smart engines  6130  and  6140 , respectively. 
     Each of the smart engines  6130  and  6140  may include not only a LED device for emitting light and a driver for driving the LED device, but also a sensor for collecting information regarding a surrounding environment and a communication module. A LED device included in a smart engine may include at least any one of the LED devices  100  through  600  according to the above embodiments. 
     Via the communication module, the smart engines  6130  and  6140  may communicate with other equipment via a communication protocol, such as Wi-Fi, Zigbee, LiFi, etc. 
     For example, the smart engine  6130  may be communicably connected to the smart engine  6140 . Here, a Wi-Fi Mesh technique may be applied to a communication between the smart engines  6130  and  6140 . The at least one smart engine  6130  may be connected to the communication connecting device  6100 , which is connected to the communication network  6190 , via a wire/wireless communication. For improved communication efficiency, the plurality of smart engines  6130  and  6140  may be grouped into a single group and connected to the single communication connecting device  6100 . 
     The communication connecting device  6100  is an access point capable of performing wire/wireless communications and may relay a communication between the communication network  6190  and other equipment. The communication connecting device  6100  may be connected to the communication network  6190  via at least one of a wire communication and a wireless communication. For example, the communication connecting device  6100  may be accommodated inside either one of the illumination apparatuses  6120  and  6150 . 
     The communication connecting device  6100  may be connected to the mobile device  6200  via a communication protocol, such as Wi-Fi. A user of the mobile device  6200  may receive information regarding a surrounding environment collected by the plurality of smart engines  6130  and  6140  via the communication connecting device  6100  connected to the smart engine  6130  of the adjacent illumination apparatus  6120 . The information regarding a surrounding environment may include local traffic information and weather information, for example. The mobile device  6200  may also be connected to the communication network  6190  via the communication station  6180  according to a wireless cellular communication protocol (e.g., a 3G communication or a 4G communication). 
     Meanwhile, the server  6160  connected to the communication network  6190  receives information collected by the smart engines  6130  and  6140  respectively attached to the illumination apparatuses  6120  and  6150  and monitor operation states of the respective illumination apparatuses  6120  and  6150  simultaneously. To manage the illumination apparatuses  6120  and  6150  based on a result of monitoring operating states of the illumination apparatuses  6120  and  6150 , the server  6160  may be connected to the computer  6170  providing a management system. The server  6160  may execute software for monitoring operation states of the respective illumination apparatuses  6120  and  6150  (particularly, the smart engines  6130  and  6140 ) and managing the same. 
       FIG. 38  is a block diagram for describing a communication operation between a smart engine of an illumination apparatus including a LED device according to some example embodiments and a mobile device. 
     In detail,  FIG. 38  is a block diagram for describing a communication operation between the smart engine  6130  of the illumination apparatus  6120  ( FIG. 41 ) and the mobile device  6200  via a visible ray wireless communication. Various communication protocols may be applied for transferring information collected by the smart engine  6130  to the mobile device  6200  of a user. 
     Via the communication connecting device  6100  ( FIG. 40 ) connected to the smart engine  6130 , information collected by the smart engine  6130  may be transmitted to the mobile device  6200  or the smart engine  6130  and the mobile device  6200  may be directly and communicably connected to each other. The smart engine  6130  and the mobile device  6200  may communicate with each other via a visible ray wireless communication (LiFi). 
     The smart engine  6130  may include a signal processor  6510 , a controller  6520 , a LED driver  6530 , a light source  6540 , and a sensor  6550 . The mobile device  6200  connected to the smart engine  6130  via a visible ray wireless communication may include a controller  6410 , a light receiver  6420 , a signal processor  6430 , a memory  6440 , and an input/output unit  6450 . 
     The visible ray wireless communication (LiFi) is a wireless communication technique for wirelessly transmitting data by using light of a wavelength band corresponding to visible rays that may be recognized by the human eyes. Unlike a wire optical communication technique and an infrared ray wireless communication technique in the related art, the visible ray wireless communication uses light of a wavelength band corresponding to visible rays, that is, particular visible ray frequencies from a light-emitting package according to the above-stated embodiment, and thus the visible ray wireless communication is distinguished from the wire optical communication technique. Furthermore, unlike a RF wireless communication technique, the visible ray wireless communication may be freely used without a restriction or an authorization for using frequencies, exhibits excellent physical security, and allows a user to visibly recognize a communication link. Furthermore, the original function as a light source and a communication function may be achieved at the same time. 
     The signal processor  6510  of the smart engine  6130  may process data to be transmitted or received via a visible ray wireless communication. According to some example embodiments, the signal processor  6510  may process information collected by the sensor  6550  to data and transmit the data to the controller  6520 . The controller  6520  may control operations of the signal processor  6510  and the LED driver  6530 . In particular, the controller  6520  may control an operation of the LED driver  6530  based on data transmitted by the signal processor  6510 . The LED driver  6530  makes the light source  6540  to emit light according to a control signal received from the controller  6520 , thereby transmitting data to the mobile device  6200 . 
     The mobile device  6200  may further include the light receiver  6420  for recognizing a visible ray including data, other than the controller  6410 , the memory  6440  that stores data, the input/output unit  6450  that includes a display, a touch screen, and an audio output unit, the signal processor  6430 . The light receiver  6420  may detect a visible ray and transform the visible ray to an electric signal, where the signal processor  6430  may decode data included in the electric signal transformed by the light receiver  6420 . The controller  6410  may store data decoded by the signal processor  6430  in the memory  6440  or output data via the input/output unit  6450  to be recognized by a user. 
       FIG. 39  is a schematic view of a smart illumination system including a LED device according to some example embodiments. 
     In detail, the smart illumination system  7000  may include an illumination unit  7100 , a sensor  7200 , a server  7300 , a wireless communicator  7400 , a controller  7500 , and a data storage  7600 . The illumination unit  7100  includes one or a plurality of illumination apparatuses inside a building, where types of the illumination apparatuses are not limited. For example, the illumination unit  7100  may include a basic illumination apparatus, a mood illumination apparatus, a stand-type illumination apparatus, and a decorative illumination apparatus for a living room, a room, a balcony, a kitchen, a bathroom, a stairway, and an entrance door. The illumination apparatus may include at least any one of the LED devices  100  through  600  according to the above embodiments. 
     The sensor  7200  is a unit that detects illumination state including turn-ON, turn-OFF, and light intensity of each illumination apparatus, outputs a signal based on the illumination state, and transmits the signal to the server  7300 . The sensor  7200  may be disposed inside a building in which illumination apparatuses are installed, where one or plurality of sensors  7200  may be disposed at a location where illumination states of all illumination apparatuses controlled under the smart illumination system  7000  may be detected or each illumination apparatus may include the sensor  7200 . 
     The information regarding illumination states may be transmitted to the server  7300  in real time or may be transmitted to the server  7300  at a certain time interval, e.g., minutes, hours, etc. The server  7300  may be installed inside and/or outside the building, receive a signal from the sensor  7200 , collect information regarding illumination states including turn-ON and turn-OFF of the illumination unit  7100  inside the building, group collected information, defines an illumination pattern based on the grouped information, and provide information regarding the defined pattern to the wireless communicator  7400 . Furthermore, the server  7300  may transmit a command received from the wireless communicator  7400  to the controller  7500 . 
     In detail, the server  7300  may receive a signal transmitted by the sensor  7200  based on detected illumination states inside a building, collect information regarding the illumination states, and analyze the information. For example, the server  7300  may categorize collected information into various time period groups corresponding to hours, days, days of the week, weekdays and weekends, particular dates, weeks, months, etc. Next, based on information categorized into a plurality of groups, the server  7300  programs a ‘defined illumination pattern’ that is defined as an average daily, weekly, weekday, weekend, or monthly illumination pattern. The ‘defined illumination pattern’ may be periodically provided to the wireless communicator  7400  or may be provided when a user requests information regarding an illumination pattern. 
     Furthermore, the server  7300  may not only define an illumination pattern based on information regarding illumination states provided by the sensor  7200 , but also provide a ‘normal illumination pattern’ that is programmed in advance by reflecting normal illumination states at home to the wireless communicator  7400 . Same as the ‘defined illumination pattern,’ the ‘normal illumination pattern’ may be periodically provided by the server  7300  or may be provided per user request. Although  FIG. 43  shows the number of the server  7300  is one, two or more servers may be provided as an occasion demands. Optionally, the ‘normal illumination pattern’ and/or the ‘defined illumination pattern’ may be stored in the data storage  7600 . The data storage  7600  may be a so-called cloud storage device, which is a storage device that may be accessed via a network. 
     The wireless communicator  7400  is a unit that selects one of a plurality of illumination patterns provided by the server  7300  and/or the data storage  7600  and transmits a command for executing and stopping an ‘automatic illumination mode’ to the server  7300  and may be one of various wireless-communicable devices that may be carried by a user using a smart illumination system, e.g., a smart phone, a table PC, a PDA, a laptop PC, a netbook, etc. 
     In detail, the wireless communicator  7400  may receive various defined illumination patterns from the server  7300  and/or the data storage  7600 , select a desired illumination pattern from the received illumination patterns, and transmit a command signal to the server  7300  in order to execute an ‘automatic illumination mode’ for operating the illumination unit  7100  according to the selected illumination pattern. The command signal may be transmitted with a set execution time. Alternatively, the command signal may be transmitted without a set end time and, when it is necessary, a stop signal may be transmitted to stop execution of the ‘automatic illumination mode.’ 
     Furthermore, the wireless communicator  7400  may further include a function enabling a user to partially modify an illumination pattern provided by the server  7300  and/or the data storage  7600  or to define a new illumination pattern. A modified or newly defined ‘user set illumination pattern’ may be first stored in the wireless communicator  7400  and may be transmitted to the server  7300  and/or the data storage  7600  automatically or per user request. Furthermore, the wireless communicator  7400  may receive a ‘defined illumination pattern’ defined by the server  7300  and a ‘normal illumination pattern’ from the server  7300  and/or the data storage  7600  automatically or by transmitting a request signal to the server  7300 . 
     As described above, the wireless communicator  7400  may exchange necessary commands or necessary data signals with the server  7300  and/or the data storage  7600 , and the server  7300  may intervene in the exchange of commands and data signals among the wireless communicator  7400 , the sensor  7200 , and the controller  7500 , thereby operating a smart illumination system according to some example embodiments. 
     The wireless communicator  7400  may be operated in conjunction with the server  7300  may be performed via an application, which is an application program for a smart phone, for example. In other words, a user may instruct a server to execute an ‘automatic illumination mode’ or provide information regarding a ‘user set illumination pattern’ defined or modified by the user to the server, via an application downloaded to a smart phone. 
     Information may be provided to the server  7300  and/or the data storage  7600  automatically as a stored ‘user set illumination pattern’ or according to an operation for storing information. The transmission rule may be set as the default rule of an application or may be selected by a user. 
     The controller  7500  is a unit that controls one or a plurality of illumination apparatuses by receiving a command signal for executing and stopping an ‘automatic illumination mode’ from the server  7300  and operating the illumination unit  7100  according to the command signal. In other words, the controller  7500  may turn ON/OFF or control otherwise each illumination apparatus included in the illumination unit  7100  according to a command from the server  7300 . 
     Furthermore, the smart illumination system  7000  may further include an alarm device  7700  inside a building. The alarm device  7700  is a device for provide a warning when there is an intruder in the building. 
     In detail, when a user is not available, if an ‘automatic illumination mode’ is being executed in a building and a set illumination pattern is disrupted by an intruder inside the building, the sensor  7200  may detect the disruption and transmits a warning signal to the server  7300 , and the server  7300  may notify the wireless communicator  7400  and transmit a signal to the controller  7500  to operate the alarm device  7700  inside the building. 
     Furthermore, a system in which the server  7300  directly notifying an emergency to a security agency via the wireless communicator  7400  or a TCP/IP network when the warning signal is transmitted to the server  7300  may be further included. 
     According to some example embodiments of the inventive concepts, a LED device may include a plurality of light-emitting cells and a partition layer that defines the light-emitting cells. Therefore, a LED device according to some example embodiments may include a plurality of light-emitting cells for embodying multi-colors and may include a partition layer to suppress optical interferences between the light-emitting cells. 
     If and/or when a plurality of light-emitting cells of a LED device according to some example embodiments are used as independent pixels in a display apparatus and a partition layer is disposed between the pixels, the display apparatus may easily embody higher resolution with a reduced size and it is easy to suppress optical interferences between the pixels. 
     It should be understood that example embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each device or method according to example embodiments should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other devices or methods according to example embodiments. While some example embodiments have been particularly shown and described, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that variations in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.