Patent Publication Number: US-2019188607-A1

Title: Mobile commercial systems and methods

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/052,397, filed Oct. 11, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/830,468, filed Jul. 30, 2007, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/891,106, filed Feb. 22, 2007 by Arthur and entitled “Mobile Commerce Systems and Methods” and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/911,113, filed Apr. 11, 2007 by Friedman and entitled “Mobile Commerce Infrastructure Systems and Methods,” of which the entire disclosure of both is incorporated herein by reference. 
     This application is also related to the following commonly-owned, co-pending applications, of which the entire disclosure of each is incorporated herein by reference, as if set forth in full in this document, for all purposes: 
     U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/830,362, filed Jul. 30, 2007, by Arthur and entitled “Account Information Lookup Systems and Methods in Mobile Commerce”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/830,392, filed Jul. 30, 2007, by Arthur and entitled “Enrollment and registration of a Device for Mobile Commerce”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/830,409, filed Jul. 30, 2007, by Arthur and entitled “Marketing Messages in Mobile Commerce”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/830,420, filed Jul. 30, 2007, by Arthur and entitled “Provisioning of a Device for Mobile Commerce”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/830,436, filed Jul. 30, 2007, by Arthur and entitled “Transfer of Value Between Mobile Commerce Devices”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/830,459, filed Jul. 30, 2007, by Arthur and entitled “Payments Using a Mobile Commerce Device”; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/830,336, filed Jul. 30, 2007, by Arthur and entitled “Mobile Communication System to Facilitate Redeeming and Reporting Coupon Redemptions.” 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to payment systems. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention relate to payment systems supporting use of mobile electronic devices in various types of financial transactions. 
     Today, merchants and service providers accept many forms of payment. Many merchants will accept cash, credit cards, debit cards, stored-value cards, checks, and promotional items such as coupons. All of these forms of payment are often carried by a consumer because some merchants and/or service providers may only accept some of the various possible forms of payment. Sometimes, a customer may not pre-plan a visit to a specific merchant and/or service provider. So, the consumer may wish to carry the different forms of payment in case the consumer does happen to make an unplanned visit. 
     This can lead to numerous methods of payments being carried by a consumer on a day-to-day basis. Additionally, a consumer may also need to carry other items regularly such as a driver&#39;s license, identification cards, loyalty program cards, and membership cards. When a consumer has to carry all of these items, they may also become disorganized and misplaced, causing security concerns, and possibly causing transactions to consume more time. 
     Additionally, various forms of wireless or contactless devices have been introduced for use in various types of transactions. For example, contactless transaction initiation is often performed with a “smart” card or other device such as a key fob or a mobile device such as a cell phone or Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) containing a memory and a processor. Such a card or device typically also includes Radio-Frequency IDentification (“RFID”) or Near-Field Communications (NFC) components for contactless communication with a Point-Of-Sale (POS) device. The information stored in the memory of the device and communicated via the RFID or NFC components to the POS device is generally similar or identical to the information recorded on the magnetic stripe of a card, i.e., account number etc. Thus, in some cases, such devices may be utilized instead of more conventional cards. 
     However, current payment systems that use contactless devices are restricted to particular payment channels. For example, in some systems, payment requests initiated by the use of a contactless device are routed through a conventional debit or credit authorization network. In other systems, payment requests are processed offline by the device, which includes a “stored value” account balance. In other cases, transactions involving such stored value or pre-paid accounts are processed online by systems maintaining account balance and other information. The networks and systems handling credit, debit, pre-paid, and possibly other accounts are separate from each other. Furthermore, these networks and systems may not be compatible or interoperable. Therefore, a device intended for use on one network or system may not be usable on a POS device operating on another network. Additionally, the ability of any given device to handle more than one account or account type is limited. Therefore, the use of such contactless devices has not successfully reduced the number of different forms of payment a consumer carries. Hence, there is a need in the art for improved methods and systems for utilizing mobile electronic devices in various types of financial transactions. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Methods, systems, and machine-readable media are disclosed for utilizing mobile electronic devices in various types of financial transactions. According to one embodiment, a method of providing a plurality of mobile commerce functions can comprise receiving a communication related to a function of a mobile wallet application of a mobile device. Receiving the communication can comprise receiving the communication from a mobile wallet server, from a merchant system, from a point-of-sale device, or from an acquirer system. One or more of a plurality of acquirer systems for handling of the communication can be identified based on the function of the mobile wallet application to which the communication relates. For example, the function can comprise a payment function, an account information lookup function, a registration function, a marketing function, a provisioning function, or another function. The communication can be routed to the identified one or more acquirer systems for handling of the communication. In some cases, a reply to the communication can be received from at least one of the identified one or more acquirer systems and the reply can be sent to a recipient. Sending the reply to the recipient can comprise sending the reply to a mobile wallet server, a merchant system, a point-of-sale device, an acquirer system, or another system. 
     According to another embodiment, a system can comprise a mobile device adapted to execute a mobile wallet application and a plurality of acquirer systems. Each of the plurality of acquirer systems can be adapted to provide one or more mobile commerce functions. A gateway can be communicatively coupled with the mobile device and each of the plurality of acquirer systems. The gateway can be adapted to receive a communication related to a function of the mobile wallet application, identify one or more of the plurality of acquirer systems for handling of the communication based on the function of the mobile wallet application to which the communication relates and the one or more mobile commerce functions provided by each of the plurality of acquirer systems, and route the communication to the identified one or more acquirer systems for handling of the communication. 
     In some cases, the system can further comprise a wireless communications network. The mobile device can be communicatively coupled with the wireless communications network. A mobile wallet server can also be communicatively coupled with the wireless communications network and the gateway. The gateway can be adapted to receive the communication related to the function of the mobile wallet application from the mobile wallet server. The mobile wallet server can be adapted to send the communication related to the function of the mobile wallet application to the gateway in response to a communication from the mobile wallet application. The mobile wallet server can be adapted to receive the communication from the mobile wallet application via the wireless communications network. In some cases, the gateway can be further adapted to receive a reply to the communication from at least one of the identified one or more acquirer systems and send the reply to the mobile wallet server. The mobile wallet server can be adapted to send the reply to the mobile wallet application via the wireless communications network. 
     Additionally or alternatively, the system can further comprise a merchant system communicatively coupled with the gateway. The gateway can be adapted to receive the communication related to the function of the mobile wallet application from the merchant system. The gateway can be further adapted to receive a reply to the communication from at least one of the identified one or more acquirer systems and send the reply to the merchant system. 
     Additionally or alternatively, the system can further comprise a point-of-sale device communicatively coupled with the gateway. The gateway can be adapted to receive the communication related to the function of the mobile wallet application from the point-of-sale device. The gateway can be further adapted to receive a reply to the communication from at least one of the identified one or more acquirer systems and send the reply to the point-of-sale device. 
     Additionally or alternatively, the gateway can be adapted to receive the communication related to the function of the mobile wallet application from one of the plurality of acquirer systems. The plurality of acquirer systems can comprise a payment system communicatively coupled with one or more financial institution systems. The financial institution systems can be adapted to maintain information related to a plurality of financial accounts. In another example, the plurality of acquirer systems comprises an enrollment system adapted to enroll the mobile device for use with the system. In yet another example, the plurality of acquirer systems can comprise a loyalty system adapted to maintain information related to a loyalty account under a customer loyalty program. In still another example, the plurality of acquirer systems can comprise a stored value system adapted to maintain information related to a stored value account. 
     According to yet another embodiment, a machine-readable medium can have stored thereon a series of instruction which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to provide a plurality of mobile commerce functions by receiving a communication related to a function of a mobile wallet application of a mobile device. Receiving the communication can comprise receiving the communication from a mobile wallet server, from a merchant system, from a point-of-sale device, or from an acquirer system. One or more of a plurality of acquirer systems for handling of the communication can be identified based on the function of the mobile wallet application to which the communication relates. The communication can be routed to the identified one or more acquirer systems for handling of the communication. In some cases, a reply to the communication can be received from at least one of the identified one or more acquirer systems and the reply can be sent to a recipient. Sending the reply to the recipient can comprise sending the reply to a mobile wallet server, a merchant system, a point-of-sale device, an acquirer system, or another system. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary environment in which embodiments of the present invention may be implemented. 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary computer system upon which embodiments of the present invention may be implemented. 
         FIG. 3  is block diagram illustrating, at a high level, a system for processing transactions utilizing a mobile electronic device according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating additional details of the system of  FIG. 3  according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a block diagram illustrating components of an exemplary point of sale device that may be used with various embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  is a block diagram illustrating components of an exemplary mobile device that may be used in various embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  is a flowchart illustrating a process for a mobile commerce gateway according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  is a block diagram illustrating elements of a mobile commerce system for enrollment and/or registration of a customer or device according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  is a flowchart illustrating a process for enrollment and/or registration of a customer or device in a mobile commerce system according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 10  is a block diagram illustrating elements of a mobile commerce system for provisioning a mobile wallet according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 11  is a flowchart illustrating a process for mobile wallet provisioning according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 12  is a block diagram illustrating elements of a mobile commerce system for performing account information lookup according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 13  is a flowchart illustrating a process for performing account information lookup according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 14  is a block diagram illustrating elements of a mobile commerce system for providing marketing messages according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 15  is a flowchart illustrating a process for providing marketing messages in a mobile commerce system according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 16  is a block diagram illustrating elements of a mobile commerce system for handling payment transactions according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 17  is a flowchart illustrating a process for handling payment transactions according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 18  is a block diagram illustrating elements of a mobile commerce system for handling payments or transfers between mobile devices according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 19  is a flowchart illustrating a process for handling payments or transfers between mobile devices according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form. 
     Embodiments of the invention provide methods and systems for processing various financial transactions initiated by or otherwise involving use of a contactless or mobile device. In some such embodiments, the processes are executed by an entity on behalf of one or more client organizations. The description below sometimes provides illustrations that use an example where a client organization is a financial institution, but there is no such requirement for the invention and the methods are intended also to be applicable to other types of organizations that make use of large collections of data. For example, embodiments of the invention may also be used for managing health-care documents or information. 
     The description herein sometimes refers to “clients” and to “customers.” Reference to “clients” is intended to refer to persons, i.e. individuals, entities, or their agents, on whose behalf a set of information is managed. Reference to “customers” or “consumer” is intended to refer to persons, i.e. individuals, entities, or their agents, who are the subject of or related to that information. Thus, merely for purposes of illustration, in the case where the information comprises credit-card account records for a credit card issued to Mr. Jones by Bank A, Bank A corresponds to a client and Mr. Jones corresponds to a customer or consumer. 
     In describing embodiments of the invention, reference is sometimes made to other terms having specific intended meanings. For example, as used herein, the term “acquirer” is used to refer to a business entity that has a business relationship with a merchant, one or more financial institutions, and other entities and handles credit card and/or other financial transactions for and/or involving those entities. In such a context, an “acquirer system” is a system operated by an acquirer that processes and authorizes credit card and/or other transactions. Acquirer systems can include those operated by credit card processing entities, such as First Data Corporation, Greenwood Village, Colo. However, embodiments of the present invention are not limited to such financial services or payment processing. Thus, an acquirer system can be considered to be any system capable of receiving a communication from another system or entity and processing information on behalf of that entity. 
     The term “carrier” refers to a provider of a network and/or service for use by a mobile device. For example, a carrier can include, but is not limited to, a provider of a cellular or other wireless communications service for use by a mobile device. The terms “carrier” and “service provider” are used interchangeably herein and are intended to be synonymous. Similarly, the terms carrier network and service provider network are used interchangeably herein and are intended to be synonymous. 
     An “electronic receipt” refers to a receipt for payment of goods or services that can be created for and relate to one or more transactions. An electronic receipt can include information related to the transaction(s) and may be electronically transferred to the user&#39;s mobile device. According to one embodiment, electronic receipts can be stored in a mobile wallet of the mobile device. 
     The term “mobile device” is used herein to refer to any small, likely handheld, electronic device that can be used to initiate or otherwise participate in a financial transaction. For example, a mobile device can include, but is not limited to, a cellular telephone, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a smart card or other contactless device, etc. Exemplary devices that may be adapted for use as mobile devices in various embodiments of the present invention are described in co-pending and commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/672,417 entitled “Contactless Electronic Wallet Payment Device” filed on Feb. 7, 2007; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/551,063 entitled “Presentation Instrument with Non-Financial Functionality” filed on Oct. 19, 2006; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/833,022 entitled “Mobile Payment Device with Magnetic Stripe” filed on Jul. 24, 2006, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. As used herein, the terms mobile device and contactless device are intended to be synonymous. 
     A “mobile wallet” or “mobile wallet application” refers to a client software application that can reside on and/or be executed by a mobile device. According to one embodiment, the mobile wallet application can be adapted to store payment vehicle information. In some cases, the mobile wallet can allow storage of multiple payment vehicles and can provide a user interface that can be used to select a specific payment vehicle. Additionally, the mobile wallet can be adapted to provide security to deter fraudulent and unauthorized use of the payment vehicles. The terms mobile wallet and mobile wallet application are used interchangeably herein and are intended to be synonymous. 
     A “mobile wallet server” is a server and/or server-side process communicating with and supporting functions of a mobile wallet application. For example, functions that can be performed by the mobile wallet server can include but are not limited to downloading and installing the mobile wallet application, updating balance information for the accounts stored therein, performing or facilitating various transfers between those accounts, viewing transaction histories for the accounts, providing marketing messages, e.g., coupons and advertisements, redeeming coupons, etc. 
     “Near Field Communication” (NFC) refers to short range (20 cm or less) wireless technology used to facilitate communication between electronic devices in close proximity. For example, embodiments of the present invention provide for the use of NFC and/or other relatively short range communications between a mobile device and a POS device such as when a user of the mobile device scans or waves the mobile device in front of or near the POS device when paying for goods or services. 
     A “payment network” refers herein to an infrastructure that supports the exchange of data in implementing payment transactions. It is anticipated that the data exchange typically proceeds between merchants and financial institutions. Examples of existing commercial networks that are included within the definition of “payment network” include the STAR/MAC network, the NYCE® network, the VISA® network, and the MasterCard® network. Access to a network by a consumer can be achieved through entry of a secret code, such as a personal identification number (“PIN”), in combination with data extracted from the mobile device. In some embodiments, a signature of the consumer may be used in lieu of a secret code. In some instances, particularly in support of transactions having a low value, a consumer might be permitted access to the payment network with only information extracted from the mobile device, without the need to provide a PIN or signature. 
     The term “payment vehicle” is used herein to refer to a method of payment. For example, payment vehicles can include, but are not limited to, credit, debit, stored-value, and other types of accounts. In some embodiments, a payment vehicle can include loyalty points or other value accumulated, for example, under a loyalty program. 
     A “point-of-sale device” or “POS device” refers herein to any physical device situated at a location where a consumer may provide payment in support of a transaction. Such physical locations are typically merchant locations, such as where the POS device is operated by a clerk or is available for self-operation by the consumers, but may also be in other locations. For instance, certain automatic teller machines “ATMs” may be equipped to support transactions for the sale of movie or sporting-event tickets even remote from the merchant location. Other similar types of transactions that may be performed with a POS device at a location remote from the merchant will also be evident to those of skill in the art. In some cases, a personal computer equipped with the appropriate structure may be used as a POS device even when located on the consumer premises. Examples of POS devices thus include, without limitation, personal computers, cash registers, and any devices capable of reading a magnetic stripe, an RFID chip, NFC communications, or other information from a mobile device, contactless device, card, etc. Exemplary devices that may be adapted for use in various embodiments of the present invention are described in the following commonly assigned applications, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes: U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/147,889, entitled “Integrated Point OF Sale Device,” filed Aug. 9, 1999 by Randy J. Templeton et al.; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/634,901, entitled “Point of Sale Payment System,” filed Aug. 9, 2000 by Randy J. Templeton et al.; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/116,689, entitled “Systems and Methods for Performing Transactions at a Point-of-Sale,” filed Apr. 3, 2002 by Earney Stoutenburg et al.; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/116,733, entitled “Systems and Methods for Deploying a Point-of-Sale System,” filed Apr. 3, 2002 by Earney Stoutenburg et al.; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/116,686, entitled “Systems and Methods for Utilizing A Point-of-Sale System,” filed Apr. 3, 2002 by Earney Stoutenburg et al.; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/116,735, entitled “Systems and Methods for Configuring a Point-of-Sale System,” filed Apr. 3, 2002 by Earney Stoutenburg. 
     A “POS processing system” refers to a computational system used by merchants to control communications between POS devices and payment networks. Such systems may be run internally by merchants, may be run by merchant consortia, or may be outsourced to service providers in different embodiments. Some exemplary POS processing systems which may be adapted to operate with embodiments of the present invention are described in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,886,742, 6,827,260 and 7,086,584, the complete disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference. 
     A “primary account number” or “PAN” refers to a number assigned to an account. The PAN is generally assigned by a financial institution maintaining the account. In most embodiments, it is anticipated that the PAN will identify an account associated with the wireless device and be included as data stored by the memory of the wireless device. Identification of the PAN permits a financial institution that maintains the account to make a unique identification of the consumer initiating a payment or other transaction and determine which of potentially several accounts is to be used in supporting the transaction. 
     The terms “real time” or “near real time” are used herein to refer to a process or action that occurs within a relatively short time. Importantly, the terms real time and near real time are not intended to imply an immediate or instantaneous results or action. Rather, the terms are used to refer to processes or actions that can be performed relatively quickly such as within several seconds or minutes. 
     The term “user” refers to an entity, typically a person, that is associated with a particular mobile device. Typically, the user is the person that owns, uses, or leases the mobile device and/or controls the content and use of the payment vehicles maintained within the mobile wallet of the device. 
     The ensuing description provides exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the exemplary embodiments will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing an exemplary embodiment. It being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. 
     Specific details are given in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to obscure the embodiments in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the embodiments. 
     Also, it is noted that individual embodiments may be described as a process which is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed, but could have additional steps not included in a figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination can correspond to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function. 
     The term “machine-readable medium” includes, but is not limited to, portable or fixed storage devices, optical storage devices, wireless channels, and various other mediums capable of storing, containing, or carrying instruction(s) and/or data. A code segment or machine-executable instructions may represent a procedure, a function, a subprogram, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, a software package, a class, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or program statements. A code segment may be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by passing and/or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters, or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc. may be passed, forwarded, or transmitted via any suitable means including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, etc. 
     Furthermore, embodiments may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, firmware, middleware or microcode, the program code or code segments to perform the necessary tasks may be stored in a machine readable medium. One or more processors may perform the necessary tasks. 
     Embodiments of the present invention provide methods, systems, and machine-readable media for supporting use of mobile devices in various types of financial transactions. Generally speaking, a mobile device such as a cell phone, PDA, MP3 player, or other device can be adapted to maintain account information related to one or more financial accounts. For example, information such as a bank name, account number, account type, etc can be maintained in the device in and/or accessible by a mobile wallet. In other cases, identifying information other than an account number may be stored in or by the mobile wallet. For example, rather than storing an account number, the mobile wallet may store or generate a unique identifier for use by other systems in identifying one or more accounts associated with the mobile wallet. As will be seen, the mobile wallet and other elements described herein can allow the user of the mobile device to use the account information stored therein to make purchases, receive and maintain receipts or other records of transactions, look up account balances, transfer balances, etc. 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary environment in which embodiments of the present invention may be implemented. In this example, the system can include one or more server computers  105 ,  110 ,  115  which can be general purpose computers and/or specialized server computers (including, merely by way of example, PC servers, UNIX servers, mid-range servers, mainframe computers rack-mounted servers, etc.). One or more of the servers (e.g.,  130 ) may be dedicated to running applications, such as a business application, a web server, application server, etc. Such servers may be used to execute a plurality of processes related to financial transactions of one or more consumers on behalf of one or more client financial institutions. For example, one or more of the servers  105 ,  110 ,  115  may execute one or more processes for recording transactions on a credit card issued to the consumer by the financial institution. Other processes may provide for paying a merchant for the consumer&#39;s purchase, billing the consumer, etc. The applications can also include any number of applications for controlling access to resources of the servers  105 ,  110 ,  115 . 
     In some embodiments, the system  100  may also include a network  115 . The network may can be any type of network familiar to those skilled in the art that can support data communications using any of a variety of commercially-available protocols, including without limitation TCP/IP, SNA, IPX, AppleTalk, and the like. Merely by way of example, the network  115  maybe a local area network (“LAN”), such as an Ethernet network, a Token-Ring network and/or the like; a wide-area network; a virtual network, including without limitation a virtual private network (“VPN”); the Internet; an intranet; an extranet; a public switched telephone network (“PSTN”); an infra-red network; a wireless network (e.g., a network operating under any of the IEEE 802.11 suite of protocols, the Bluetooth protocol known in the art, and/or any other wireless protocol); and/or any combination of these and/or other networks such as GSM, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, 3G, 2.5 G, CDMA, CDMA2000, WCDMA, EVDO etc. 
     The system  100  can include one or more user computers which may be used to operate a client, whether a dedicate application, web browser, etc. For example, the user computers can include a client system  125  operated by a client financial institution, a customer system  130  operated by a customer or consumer, a merchant system  135  operated by a merchant or vendor, etc. The user computers  125 ,  130 ,  135  can be general purpose personal computers (including, merely by way of example, personal computers and/or laptop computers running various versions of Microsoft Corp.&#39;s Windows and/or Apple Corp.&#39;s Macintosh operating systems) and/or workstation computers running any of a variety of commercially-available UNIX or UNIX-like operating systems (including without limitation, the variety of GNU/Linux operating systems). These user computers  125 ,  130 ,  135  may also have any of a variety of applications, including one or more development systems, database client and/or server applications, and web browser applications. Alternatively, the user computers  125 ,  130 ,  135  may be any other electronic device, such as a thin-client computer, Internet-enabled mobile telephone, and/or personal digital assistant, capable of communicating via a network (e.g., the network  115  described below) and/or displaying and navigating web pages or other types of electronic documents. Although the exemplary system  100  is shown with three user computers, any number of user computers may be supported. 
     The system  100  may also include one or more databases or repositories of enabling data  145 . The database(s) of enabling data  145  may reside in a variety of locations. By way of example, a database  145  may reside on a storage medium local to (and/or resident in) one or more of the computers  105 ,  110 ,  115 ,  125 ,  130 . Alternatively, it may be remote from any or all of the computers  105 ,  110 ,  115 ,  125 ,  130 , and/or in communication (e.g., via the network  120 ) with one or more of these. In a particular set of embodiments, the database  145  may reside in a storage-area network (“SAN”) familiar to those skilled in the art. Similarly, any necessary files for performing the functions attributed to the computers  105 ,  110 ,  115 ,  125 ,  130  may be stored locally on the respective computer and/or remotely, as appropriate. In one set of embodiments, the database  145  may be a relational database that is adapted to store, update, and retrieve data in response to SQL-formatted commands. The repository of enabling data  145  can include a wide variety of information related to financial transactions related to the consumer and/or specified by different entities such as merchants, financial institutions, third-party advertisers, etc. 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary computer system upon which various elements of the exemplary environment illustrated in  FIG. 1  may be implemented. The computer system  200  is shown comprising hardware elements that may be electrically coupled via a bus  255 . The hardware elements may include one or more central processing units (CPUs)  205 ; one or more input devices  210  (e.g., a scan device, a mouse, a keyboard, etc.); and one or more output devices  215  (e.g., a display device, a printer, etc.). The computer system  200  may also include one or more storage device  220 . By way of example, storage device(s)  220  may be disk drives, optical storage devices, solid-state storage device such as a random access memory (“RAM”) and/or a read-only memory (“ROM”), which can be programmable, flash-updateable and/or the like. 
     The computer system  200  may additionally include a computer-readable storage media reader  225 ; a communications system  230  (e.g., a modem, a network card (wireless or wired), an infra-red communication device, etc.); and working memory  240 , which may include RAM and ROM devices as described above communicatively coupled with and readable by CPU(s)  205 . In some embodiments, the computer system  200  may also include a processing acceleration unit  235 , which can include a DSP, a special-purpose processor and/or the like. 
     The computer-readable storage media reader  225  can further be connected to a computer-readable storage medium, together (and, optionally, in combination with storage device(s)  220 ) comprehensively representing remote, local, fixed, and/or removable storage devices plus storage media for temporarily and/or more permanently containing computer-readable information. The communications system  230  may permit data to be exchanged with a network and/or any other computer or other type of device. 
     The computer system  200  may also comprise software elements, shown as being currently located within a working memory  240 , including an operating system  245  and/or other code  250 , such as an application program. The application programs may implement the methods of the invention as described herein. It should be appreciated that alternate embodiments of a computer system  200  may have numerous variations from that described above. For example, customized hardware might also be used and/or particular elements might be implemented in hardware, software (including portable software, such as applets), or both. Further, connection to other computing devices such as network input/output devices may be employed. 
       FIG. 3  is block diagram illustrating, at a high level, a system for processing transactions utilizing a mobile electronic device according to one embodiment of the present invention. Traditionally, a credit card may be issued to a customer by a financial institution such as a bank and typically displays a logo for an association that implements rules that govern aspects of use of the card. Account information is usually printed on the face of the card, specifying an account number and name of an authorized holder of the card. This information is also stored together with additional information on a magnetic stripe that is usually affixed to the back of the card. When the cardholder wishes to execute a transaction, such as a financial transaction for the purchase of goods and/or services, he presents the card  320  to a clerk at a merchant location, who swipes the card through a magnetic-stripe reader comprised by a point-of-sale device  308 . Multiple point-of-sale devices  308 - 310  may have been provided at a variety of locations by an acquirer, who acts as an intermediary between merchants and the issuer financial institutions. As an intermediary, the acquirer coordinates transaction routing and performs a variety of backend processes. 
     The point-of-sale device  308  typically initiates a connection to an acquirer system  312  through a network  304  such as the Internet or another network as described above. A packet of information that includes information read from the magnetic stripe of the card  320 , a merchant identifier, the date, and transaction amount are forwarded by the point-of-sale device  308  through the network  304  to the acquirer system  312 . The acquirer system  312  may store some of the information and send an authorization request, via financial network  313 , to the issuing financial institution  316 , which may be identified from a portion of the account number read from the magnetic stripe. The transaction is authorized or denied depending on such factors as the validity of the cardholder name, the validity of the card number, the level of available credit in comparison with the transaction amount, and the like. If authorized, an authorization code is routed back through the acquirer system  312 , which captures additional information and forwards the authorization code back to the originating point-of-sale device  308  so that the transaction may be completed. Periodically, such as at the end of every day, the transactions are settled by the acquirer initiating funds transfers that fund merchant bank accounts with total transaction amounts that may have resulted from multiple transactions by multiple customers. 
     Other types of accounts may operate with similar structures, although the details for each type of account are different. For example, use of a debit account typically requires that the customer provide a personal identification number (“PIN”), which must be validated before any authorization for the transaction can be provided. Authorization usually depends on the current level of funds actually in the identified account rather than on a credit level, and funds transfer is usually executed substantially contemporaneously with providing the authorization rather than performing periodic settlement. Other types of accounts may use arrangements that have similar differences in their particulars. 
     According to one embodiment, a mobile device  324  may be used in addition to or instead of a card or other token representing an account. Here, the mobile device  324  is shown for exemplary purposes in the form of a cellular telephone. However, as noted above, the mobile device  324  may be any of a variety of different mobile devices including but not limited to a PDA, MP3 player, etc. The mobile device  324  may communicate according to its normal wireless protocols with a service provider system  330  via an existing network of relay stations  325 . In addition, the mobile device  324  may communicate wirelessly with point-of-sale devices  314  that have been equipped for wireless communications, such as through an NFC connection. 
     According to one embodiment and as will be discussed in greater detail below, the mobile device  324  can store and/or execute a mobile wallet application adapted to maintain account numbers and/or other information related to one or more financial accounts such as credit accounts, debit accounts, demand deposit accounts, stored value accounts, etc. maintained by one or more financial institutions  316 - 318 . The mobile device  324 , for example via the mobile wallet application, may allow the user to review accounts that are stored or identified in the mobile device  324  and select an account for a particular transaction such as a purchase. Upon selection of an account for use in the transaction, the user of the mobile device can scan or swipe the device  324  in front of or near the POS device  310  causing the information related to the selected account to be read from the mobile device  324  via the NFC connection. 
     The information regarding the selected account can identify the account to be used in supporting transactions, for example, including an indication of the financial institution  316  where that account is maintained, an account number, etc. Such identifications may conveniently be made with numerical strings similar to card numbers that have portions that identify a financial institution and portions that identify specific accounts. Additional information may include ownership details of the account, current balance levels for the account, and the like. 
     The point-of-sale device  308  typically initiates a connection to an acquirer system  312  through a network  304  such as the Internet or another network as described above. A packet of information that includes information read from the mobile device  324 , a merchant identifier, the date, and transaction amount are forwarded by the point-of-sale device  310  through the network  304  to the acquirer system  312 . The acquirer system  312  may store some of the information and send an authorization request, via financial network  313 , to the issuing financial institution  318 , which may be identified from a portion of the account number read from the mobile device  324 . The transaction is authorized or denied depending on such factors as the validity of the account holder name, the validity of the account number, the level of available credit in comparison with the transaction amount, and the like. If authorized, an authorization code is routed back through the acquirer system  312 , which captures additional information and forwards the authorization code back to the originating point-of-sale device  310  so that the transaction may be completed. 
     As will be seen, the mobile wallet and/or other applications of the mobile device may be used to initiate and/or perform other mobile commerce functions. For example, the mobile wallet and other elements described herein can allow the user of the mobile device to use the device to make purchases, receive and maintain receipts or other records of transactions, look up account balances, transfer balances, etc. As noted above, embodiments described herein provide for the use mobile devices operating different mobile wallet applications on devices operating on different carrier networks. Additionally, embodiments of the present invention can be used to interact with a wide variety of other systems such as financial institutions, payment networks, advertisers, and other content providers. 
     The system can also include a mobile wallet server  335  communicatively coupled with the service provider system  330  and/or the acquirer system  312 . As will be described in detail below, the mobile wallet server  335  can communicate with the mobile device  324 , for example via the service provider network  325  and supporting functions of the mobile wallet application. For example, functions that can be performed by the mobile wallet server can include but are not limited to downloading and installing the mobile wallet application, updating balance information for the accounts stored therein, performing or facilitating various transfers between those accounts, viewing transaction histories for the accounts, providing marketing messages, e.g., coupons and advertisements, redeeming coupons, etc. 
       FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating additional details of the system of  FIG. 3  according to one embodiment of the present invention. In this example, the system  400  includes a mobile device  324  such as described above. The mobile device  324  can include a Near Field Communications (NFC) transponder  407  and can execute a mobile wallet application  408 . The mobile device  324  can be adapted to maintain at least one set of information related to a financial account in the mobile wallet  408  and communicate at least a subset of the information related to the financial account via the NFC transponder  407  upon initiation of a transaction such as a purchase. In some cases, the mobile wallet  408  of the mobile device  324  can maintain information related to a plurality of financial accounts such as, for example, debit accounts, demand deposit accounts, stored value accounts, loyalty accounts under a customer loyalty program, etc. In such cases, the mobile wallet  408  of the mobile device  324  can be adapted to present the plurality of financial accounts to a user of the mobile device  324  and receive a selection of a financial account for the transaction. The mobile device  324  can also be adapted to communicate at least a subset of the information related to the selected financial account via the NFC transponder  407  upon initiation of the transaction. 
     So, for example, the user of the mobile device  324  can scroll through or otherwise navigate a user interface of the mobile device  324  to select an account for which identifying information is stored in or by the mobile wallet  408 . The information can include, for example, an account number, an account name, an account type, a bank name, and/or other information such as, for example, may be typically encoded on a magnetic stripe of a card. In other cases, the mobile wallet and/or other applications of the mobile device may be used to initiate and/or perform other mobile commerce functions. For example, the mobile wallet and other elements described herein can allow the user of the mobile device to use the device to make purchases, receive and maintain receipts or other records of transactions, look up account balances, transfer balances, etc. Once selected, the user can then use the account to perform a transaction such as making a purchase, transferring an account balance, looking up an account balance, viewing a transaction history, etc. In the case where the user is making a purchase, from a merchant  405 , the user can use the selected account to pay for the purchase by swiping or passing the mobile device  324  in front of or near an NFC equipped point of sale device  310  provided by the merchant  405 . 
     The point of sale device  310  can also include an NFC transponder  406 . The point of sale device  310  can be adapted to receive the information related to the financial account from the mobile device  324  via the NFC transponder  406  and send a communication related to the transaction that includes the information related to the financial account. For example, in the case of a consumer making a purchase using a credit, debit, stored value, or other account, the request can be a request to authorize the transaction. 
     A mobile commerce gateway  415  can be adapted to receive the communication related to the transaction from the point of sale device  310  of the merchant system  405  and route the communication for handling of the transaction based on the information related to the financial account. That is, the acquirer systems  312  can include a plurality of systems  415 - 435  adapted to perform functions related to various types of financial transaction. For example, the acquirer systems  315  can include but are not limited to a payments system  425  adapted to communicate with financial institutions  316 - 318  maintaining the financial account and authorize the transaction based on the communication with the financial institution as described above. The acquirer systems  312  can also include an enrollment system  420  adapted to register or enroll the mobile device  324  for use with the system  400 . A loyalty system  421  can be adapted to maintain a loyalty account under a customer loyalty program. A stored value system and/or prepaid system  430  can be adapted to maintain a stored value account. The mobile commerce gateway  415  can be adapted to route communications to the plurality of acquirer systems  312  based at least in part on a transaction type. As can be understood by one skilled in the art, the mobile commerce gateway  415 , while illustrated here as a single element, may comprise multiple systems or devices. Additionally or alternatively, various elements of the system  400  shown here as communicatively coupled with the mobile commerce gateway  415  may, in various implementations, be coupled with the mobile commerce gateway  415  via various other portals, front-ends, gateways, etc. In yet other implementations, the mobile commerce gateway  415  may be excluded from the system  400  or may not be utilized by some of the elements. In such cases, various elements of the system  400  such as a POS device  310 , mobile wallet server  335 , etc may interface with one or more of the acquirer systems  312  other than the mobile commerce gateway  415 . 
     The system  400  can also include a service provider system  330  communicatively coupled with the mobile device  324 , for example via a cellular or other wireless network. A mobile wallet server  410  can be communicatively coupled with the service provider system  330  and the mobile commerce gateway  415 . The mobile wallet server  410  can be adapted to interact with the mobile wallet  408  of the mobile device  324  via the service provider system  330 . For example, the mobile wallet server  410  can interact with the mobile wallet  408  of the mobile device  324  to provide functions related to maintenance of the mobile wallet  408 . In another example, the mobile wallet server can interact with the mobile wallet of the mobile device to provide functions related to maintenance of the information related to the financial account. In other words, functions that can be performed by the mobile wallet server  410  through the service provider system  330 , for example over the cellular or other wireless network, can include but are not limited to downloading and installing the mobile wallet application, updating balance information for the accounts stored therein, performing various transfers between those accounts, viewing transaction histories for the accounts, providing marketing messages, e.g., coupons and advertisements, redeeming coupons, etc. In some cases, depending upon the functions to be performed, the mobile wallet server  410  may make requests to the mobile commerce gateway  415 . For example, in the case of determining a balance for a credit account, the mobile wallet server  410  may make a request to the mobile commerce gateway  415 . Such a request can be routed by the mobile commerce gateway  415  to a payments system  312  or other acquirer system  312  which in turn makes a request to an issuing financial institution  316 . It should be understood by one skilled in the art that the mobile wallet server may be implemented in various ways and operated by various entities. For example, the mobile wallet server  335  may be operated by the mobile service provider  330  and may be implemented as part of the systems operating the mobile network. In other cases, the mobile wallet server  335  may be operated by an acquirer and may be implemented as part of the acquirer systems  312 . 
     Therefore, the gateway  415  can provide a common point or front-end through which other elements of the system  400  can interact with the various other acquirer systems  312 . Stated another way, the gateway  415  can receive a communication, for example, related to a function of the mobile wallet application  408  of a mobile device  324 . Receiving the communication can comprise receiving the communication from the mobile wallet server  335 , from the merchant system  405 , from the point-of-sale device  310 , or from another acquirer system  312 . One or more of the acquirer systems  312  for handling of the communication can be identified based on the function of the mobile wallet application  324  to which the communication relates. For example, the function can comprise a payment function, an account information lookup function, a registration function, a marketing function, a provisioning function, or another function. The communication can be routed by the gateway  415  to the identified one or more acquirer systems for handling of the communication. However, it is not required that all communications between elements of the system be routed or passed through the gateway  415 . For example, the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 4  includes a reporting system or module  435  of the acquirer systems  312  that can be adapted to collect information on and generate reports of various transactions, users, etc. The reporting system  435  can be communicatively coupled with the service provider system  330 , the merchant system  405  and/or other systems but without passing through or being routed by the gateway  415 . 
       FIG. 5  is a block diagram illustrating components of an exemplary point of sale device that may be used with various embodiments of the present invention. Operations performed by the point-of-sale device  310  are generally coordinated by a controller  504 , which is provided in electrical communication with a number of components. For example, the controller  504  can comprise a microprocessor or other computing device executing software stored, for example, in memory  508 . Components with which the controller  504  is coupled can include an antenna  512  for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals and an NFC module  516  that provides instructions for implementing a communications protocol, such as an NFC protocol. The NFC module  516  performs a more active role than the antenna  512 , determining what electromagnetic signals to transmit over the antenna  512  and/or interpreting electromagnetic signals that are received by the antenna  512 . A port may be provided to permit the exchange of wired communications with the point-of-sale device  504 , one example of the port being a TCP/IP port  520  that enables the point-of-sale device  504  to engage in Internet communications. A printer  524  interfaced with the controller  504  permits receipts and other documents to be printed by the point-of-sale device  504 . 
       FIG. 6  is a block diagram illustrating components of an exemplary mobile device that may be used with various embodiments of the present invention. The mobile device  324  includes a controller  640  which can comprise a microprocessor or other computing device executing software stored, for example, in memory  644  for coordinating the functions of a variety of components. Several of the components that may be controlled by the controller  540  include components used for standard functionality of the mobile device  324 . For instance, in embodiments where the mobile device  324  is a cellular telephone, the controller may be interfaced with a microphone  652 , a speaker  656 , and an antenna  648 . The microphone  652  and speaker  656  may be used to receive and amplify voice signals that are exchanged by users of the cellular telephone. The antenna  648  may be used to transmit and receive electromagnetic signals that correspond to encoded versions of the voice signals being exchanged. 
     Other components may include a global positioning system  660  that may be used to locate a position of the wireless device. Such a global positioning system  660  functions by transmitting an electromagnetic signal to an orbiting satellite that identifies a relative location of the source of the signal and correlates that relative position with a geographical map of a region of the Earth. An NFC module  668  may also be provided to encode and decode transmissions sent and received electromagnetically with the point of sale device as discussed above. Because transmissions involving the account information include sensitive financial data such as account numbers, a cryptography module  672  may also be provided to allow encryption of data sent and received by the mobile device  324  via the NFC module  668 . 
     According to one embodiment, the mobile device  324  can also include a mobile wallet module or application  676 . The mobile wallet  676  can be adapted to store payment vehicle information, i.e., information identifying one or more financial accounts such as credit accounts, debit accounts, demand deposit accounts, stored value accounts, etc. In some cases, the mobile wallet  676  can allow storage of multiple payment vehicles and can provide a user interface that can be displayed on a screen or display device  680  and through which the user can select a specific payment vehicle by manipulating a keypad, wheel, touch screen, or other input device  682 . The mobile device  324 , for example via the mobile wallet application  676 , may allow the user to review accounts that are stored in the memory  644  of the mobile device  324  and select an account for a particular transaction such as a purchase. Upon selection of an account for use in the transaction, the user of the mobile device  324  can scan or swipe the device  624  in front of or near the POS device causing some or all of the information identifying the selected account to be read from the mobile device  324  via the NFC connection module  668 . 
       FIG. 7  is a flowchart illustrating a process for a mobile commerce gateway according to one embodiment of the present invention. In this example, the process begins with receiving  705  a communication related to a function of a mobile wallet application of a mobile device. As noted above, receiving  705  the communication can comprise receiving the communication from a mobile wallet server, from a merchant system, from a point-of-sale device, or from an acquirer system. One or more of a plurality of acquirer systems for handling of the communication can be identified  710  based on the function of the mobile wallet application to which the communication relates. For example, the function can comprise a payment function, an account information lookup function, a registration function, a marketing function, a provisioning function, or another function. The communication or information from the communication can be routed  715  to the identified one or more acquirer systems for handling of the communication. In some cases, a reply to the communication can be received  720  from at least one of the identified one or more acquirer systems and the reply can be sent  725  to a recipient. Sending  725  the reply to the recipient can comprise sending the reply to a mobile wallet server, a merchant system, a point-of-sale device, an acquirer system, or another system based on, for example, the type of function, information from the communication or the reply, or based on another criteria. 
       FIG. 8  is a block diagram illustrating elements of a mobile commerce system for enrollment and/or registration of a customer or device according to one embodiment of the present invention. According to one embodiment, a user  801  or consumer can enroll in a mobile commerce program via a web-based process of an enrollment server that can be provided as part of a service provider system  330 , an acquirer system  312 , via a participating bank or other financial institution website  805 , or other entity or combination thereof. 
     For example, the user  801  can, via log in process  810 , access a mobile banking web site or web service  815  such as provided by a participating bank or other financial institution. If the user  801  is a customer of a participating bank, the user  801  can begin the registration process at the bank&#39;s website  815 , for example, by clicking on a hot-link to a service provider such as a wireless service provider for the user&#39;s mobile device. This action can cause the user  801  to be redirected to the service provider system  330  and/or can initiate a communication between the bank and the service provider system  330  though which enrollment information can be exchanged. 
     The service provider system  330  can include a registration process  820  or module for determining whether to allow registration of the user and/or the device and to possibly provide opportunities for the user to purchase or upgrade his service if it does not currently qualify for use with the mobile commerce system. For example, if the consumer  801  is not a current customer of the service provider, the user can be given the opportunity to purchase a plan and possibly a mobile device. For a current customer of the service provider, a validation can be conducted to determine whether the mobile wallet can be provisioned to the user&#39;s mobile device, i.e., whether the device qualifies or is suitable for use with the mobile wallet application. For example, the user may be queried by the registration process  820  as to what device will be used. Alternatively, the service provider system may maintain an indication of the current device of the user. The indicated device can be compared to a list of approved or acceptable devices for use with the system maintained or accessible by the registration process  820 . Additionally or alternatively, a validation can be conducted to determine whether the customer&#39;s data plan qualifies. That is, an indication of the user&#39;s current data plan can be received from the user or read from information maintained by the service provider. This information can be compared to a list of approved plans that are indicated to be acceptable for use with the system. A plan can be deemed acceptable based on any of a number of criteria such as available data transfer rates or limits, contractual limitations of the service, or any other technical or business criteria. If the plan is determined to not be acceptable for use with the system, the user can be given the opportunity to purchase one or upgrade the current plan. 
     Upon validation, purchase, and/or upgrade of the user&#39;s device and/or plan, the user  801  can be redirected or transferred to an acquirer system  312  such as an enrollment host  420  via a hot-link or via other programmatic means (i.e., a button). According to one embodiment, the service provider system  330  can provide to the acquirer system  312 , for example via the gateway  415  as described above, a data set consisting of enrollment data collected from the user. Such enrollment data can include but is not limited to name, cellular number, mobile device type, etc. The registration information can be stored by the service provider system  330  and/or the acquirer system  312  for later use. 
     The user  801  can be given additional details about the program in which they are enrolling by the acquirer system  312 . Additionally or alternatively, participating merchants may have marketing messages and offers on the site. In some cases, the user  801  may be asked to “opt-in” or “opt-out” to receive such marketing messages. Additionally or alternatively, through the acquirer system  312 , the consumer  801  can review and edit their registration data and/or preferences, register their prepaid cards (e.g., with participating merchants), and/or perform other functions. 
     Stated another way, the mobile commerce system can comprise a mobile device and a service provider system  330  adapted to receive a registration request from a user of the mobile device. For example, the service provider system  330  can be adapted to receive the registration request from the user  801  of the mobile device via a web service  815  of a financial institution  805 . In another example, the service provider system  330  can be adapted to provide a registration web service  820 . In such a case, receiving the registration request from the user  801  of the mobile device can comprise receiving the registration request via the registration web service  820  of the service provider system  330 . 
     The service provider system  330  can be adapted, for example via the registration service or process  820 , to determine whether to allow registration of the mobile device. For example, the service provider system  330  can determine whether to allow registration of the mobile device by determining whether the user of the mobile device is a current wireless service subscriber. Additionally or alternatively, the service provider system  330  can determine whether to allow registration of the mobile device by determining whether the mobile device qualifies for use in the mobile commerce system. Additionally or alternatively, the service provider system  330  can determine whether to allow registration of the mobile device by determining whether a data service plan of the user of the mobile device qualifies for use in the mobile commerce system. As noted above, at any point during this process, if a determination is made that the user&#39;s device or plan does not qualify for use in the mobile commerce system, the user may be given opportunities to purchase or upgrade the device and/or plan in order to qualify. 
     The system can also include an acquirer system  312  communicatively coupled with the service provider system  330 , for example via the gateway  415 . The service provider system  330  can be further adapted to, in response to determining to allow registration of the mobile device, send the registration information  830  from the service provider system  330  to an acquirer system  312 . The acquirer system  312 , for example the registration or enrollment host or process  420 , can in turn be adapted to provide user information related to the mobile commerce system. Additionally or alternatively, the acquirer system  312  can be adapted to maintain a set of personal information of the user. In some cases, the acquirer system  312  can be adapted to maintain a set of user preferences for the user. For example, the user preferences can include an indication of whether the user has elected to receive marketing messages, i.e., opt-in or opt-out preferences. Additionally or alternatively, the acquirer system  312  can be adapted to register one or more stored value or other accounts of the user for use in the mobile commerce system. 
       FIG. 9  is a flowchart illustrating a process for enrollment and/or registration of a customer or device in a mobile commerce system according to one embodiment of the present invention. In this example, the process begins with receiving  905  a registration request from a user of the mobile device. For example, receiving  905  the registration request from the user of the mobile device can comprise receiving the registration request at a service provider system from a mobile commerce web service of a financial institution. In another example, receiving  905  the registration request from the user of the mobile device can comprise receiving the registration request via a web service of the service provider system. 
     Determinations  910 - 930  can be made with the service provider system whether to allow registration of the mobile device. Generally speaking, in response to determining  910 - 930  to allow registration of the mobile device, the registration request can be sent  935  from the service provider system to an acquirer system. 
     More specifically, in this example, determining  910 - 930  whether to allow registration of the mobile device can comprise determining  910  whether the user of the mobile device is a current wireless service subscriber. In response to determining the user is not a current subscriber, the user can be given an option  915  to subscribe. If  915  the user chooses to become a subscriber, a determination  920  can be made as to whether the mobile device qualifies for use in the mobile commerce system. If  920  the user&#39;s device qualifies, a determination  925  can be made as to whether a data service plan of the user of the mobile device or other plan, service, package, application, etc., that is deemed appropriate or qualifies for use in the mobile commerce system as designated by the carrier or service provider. If  925  the data plan or other plan of the user qualifies, i.e., the plan is designated by the service provider as applicable to the mobile commerce system based on any of a number of technical and/or contractual criteria, the registration information can be sent  935  to the acquirer systems. If  925  the data service plan of the user does not qualify, the user can be given an option  930  to purchase or upgrade to a data plan designated as suitable for the mobile commerce system. If  930  the user chooses to purchase or upgrade to a qualifying data plan, the registration information can be sent  935  to the acquirer systems. 
       FIG. 10  is a block diagram illustrating elements of a mobile commerce system for provisioning a mobile wallet according to one embodiment of the present invention. According to one embodiment, the acquirer system  312  can upload the enrollee&#39;s (i.e., the consumer&#39;s or registrant&#39;s) data  1005  and mobile device specifications to a mobile wallet server  410  for example, via the gateway  415  as described above. The mobile wallet server  335 , for example via provisioning process  1010 , can process the data and create the mobile wallet or other data to be provisioned to the mobile wallet. The mobile wallet server  335  can then provide a link to the consumer&#39;s mobile device  324 , for example via a provisioning message  1015  such an SMS message or email message, over the service provider&#39;s network  325  so that downloading of the wallet may begin. Upon the consumer accessing the link from the mobile device  324  and/or choosing to download the wallet, an acceptance message  1020  can be sent to the mobile wallet server  335 . The acceptance message  1020  can include a credential or other information identifying the user of the mobile device  324 . The mobile wallet server  335  can in turn authenticate the user based on the acceptance message  1020 . Upon authentication of the consumer, the wallet application or other data  1025  can be uploaded/provisioned from the mobile wallet server  335  to the mobile device  324  via the service provider network  325 . 
     Stated another way, a mobile commerce system can comprise a mobile device  324  and an acquirer system  312  adapted to provide a set of registration information  1005  for the mobile device  324 . A mobile wallet server  335  can be communicatively coupled with the acquirer system  312  and can be adapted to receive the registration information  1005  for the mobile device  324  from the acquirer system  312 , determine based on the registration information  1005  whether the mobile wallet  408  of the mobile device  324  has been previously provisioned, and in response to determining that the mobile wallet  324  of the mobile device  324  has not been previously provisioned, create a new mobile wallet for the mobile device  324  and send a notification  1015  such as an SMS or email message from the mobile wallet server  335  to the mobile device  324 , the notification  1015  indicating the mobile wallet is available for download. The mobile wallet server  335  can be further adapted to retrieve a stored set of previously provisioned mobile wallet information for the mobile device  324  and send the set of previously provisioned mobile wallet information to the mobile device in response to determining that the mobile wallet  408  of the mobile device  324  has been previously provisioned. For example, in the event the user needs to reload or re-provision a device, a previously provisioned and saved wallet can be retrieved and provisioned to the device. Once again, a notification message  1015  can be sent to the mobile device  324  to indicate that the data is available for download. 
     The mobile wallet server  335  can be further adapted to receive a response or acceptance message  1020  from the mobile device  324 . The mobile wallet server  335  can be adapted to authenticate a user of the mobile device  324  based on the response  1020 . In response to authenticating the user of the mobile device  324 , the mobile wallet server  335  can download the mobile wallet or other data  1025  to the mobile device  324 . 
       FIG. 11  is a flowchart illustrating a process for mobile wallet provisioning according to one embodiment of the present invention. In this example, the process can begin with receiving  1105  at a mobile wallet server registration information for the mobile device from an acquirer system. A determination  1110  can be made based on the registration information as to whether the mobile wallet of the mobile device has been previously provisioned. In response to determining  1110  that the mobile wallet of the mobile device has been previously provisioned, a stored set of previously provisioned mobile wallet information for the mobile device can be retrieved  1115  and sent  1140  to the mobile device from the mobile wallet server. 
     In response to determining  1110  that the mobile wallet of the mobile device has not been previously provisioned, a new mobile wallet can be created 1120 for the mobile device. A notification can then be sent  1125  from the mobile wallet server to the mobile device. The notification can comprise, for example, a Short Message Service (SMS) message, an email message, or other type of message, and can indicate the mobile wallet is available for download. A response can be received  1130  at the mobile wallet server from the mobile device. A user of the mobile device can be authenticated  1135  based on the response. In response to authenticating  1135  the user of the mobile device, the mobile wallet can be downloaded  1140  from the mobile wallet server to the mobile device. Downloading  1140  the mobile wallet from the mobile wallet server to the mobile device can be performed via a wireless communications network such as a cellular network. 
       FIG. 12  is a block diagram illustrating elements of a mobile commerce system for performing account information lookup according to one embodiment of the present invention. After enrollment/registration and mobile wallet provisioning are completed as described above, the consumer can request account information lookup/refresh (for example a balance or transaction history for a registered stored-value account or other account) via the mobile device  324 . As illustrated in this example, the user can access the mobile wallet  408  on the mobile device  324  and executes the account information lookup function  1005 . The request can be passed to the mobile wallet server  410  via the service provider network  325 . According to one embodiment, the request may include an identity credential or other information for authenticating or otherwise verifying the user and/or device by any or all of the elements of the system. The mobile wallet server  410 , for example via an account information process or module  1210 , can generate and send an inquiry  1215 , for example, via the gateway  415  as described above, to the acquirer system  312  to request a balance or transaction history. The acquirer system  312  can look up and respond with results  1220  such as balances, histories, or error codes. The results  1220  can be passed back to the mobile wallet server  335 , for example via the gateway  415 . The mobile wallet server  335  can in turn update the mobile wallet  408  on the mobile device  324  via the service provider network  325 . 
     Stated another way, a mobile commerce system can comprise a wireless communications network  325  such as a cellular network and a mobile device  324  communicatively coupled with the wireless communications network  325 . The mobile device  324  can be adapted to execute a mobile wallet application  408 . The mobile wallet application  408  can include information identifying a financial account. The mobile wallet application  408  can be adapted to request  1205  account information for the financial account. For example, the account information can comprise an account balance. In another example, the account information can comprise an account transaction history. 
     The system can also include an acquirer system  312  adapted to access account information for a plurality of financial accounts and a mobile wallet server  335  communicatively coupled with the wireless communications network  325  and the acquirer system  312 . The mobile wallet server  335  can be adapted to receive the request  1205  for the account information from the mobile wallet  408  of the mobile device  324  via the wireless communications network  325 . The request  1205  for account information can include information identifying the financial account. For example, the information identifying the financial account can comprise an account number. In another example, the mobile wallet server  335  can be adapted to determine an account number of the financial account based on the information identifying the financial account. 
     The mobile wallet server  335  can send an account inquiry  1215  to the acquirer system  312 . In some cases, the account inquiry  1215  can include the information identifying the financial account. In such cases, the acquirer system  312  can be adapted to determine an account number of the financial account based on the information identifying the financial account. The mobile wallet server  335  can receive the account information  1220  from the acquirer system  312  and send the account information  1220  to the mobile wallet  408  of the mobile device  324  via the wireless communications network  325 . 
       FIG. 13  is a flowchart illustrating a process for performing account information lookup according to one embodiment of the present invention. In this example, the process begins with receiving  1305  at a mobile wallet server a request for the account information. For example, the account information can comprise an account balance. In another example, the account information can comprise an account transaction history. Receiving  1305  the request for the account information can be performed via a wireless communications network such as a cellular network. 
     The request for account information can include information identifying the financial account. For example, the information identifying the financial account can comprise an account number. In another example, an account number of the financial account can be determined based on the information identifying the financial account. Thus, the request can be translated  1310  to determine and indicate the account number and/or place the request into a format readable by the acquirer system. 
     An account inquiry can be sent  1315  from the mobile wallet server to an acquirer system. The account information can be received  1320  at the mobile wallet server from the acquirer system. The results can be translated  1325  for delivery to the mobile device. For example, translation can include encrypting the results and/or placing them into a message such as an SMS, email, or other format message for transmission and delivery to the mobile device. The results can then be sent  1330  from the mobile wallet server to the mobile wallet of the mobile device. Sending  1330  the account information from the mobile wallet server to the mobile wallet of the mobile device can be performed via a wireless communications network such as a cellular network. 
       FIG. 14  is a block diagram illustrating elements of a mobile commerce system for providing marketing messages according to one embodiment of the present invention. In this example, an acquirer  312  and participating merchants  405  (including possibly the provider of the mobile communications service, banks, other financial institutions, etc) can create marketing messages via, for example, the acquirer&#39;s loyalty host as described above. Alternatively, a dedicated marketing management system may be used. These messages can be sent or provisioned to the mobile wallet  408  inbox via the mobile wallet server  335 , for example as described above with reference to  FIGS. 10 and 11 , to those registrants who chose to ‘opt-in’ to mobile marketing from consumer selected merchants. These messages may include (but are not limited to) special offers, discounts, and other offers to enrollees/participants of this program. Additionally or alternatively, the messages may include new product information, commercials, or other messages delivered via streaming video, audio, text, or in another format. 
     For example, a participating merchant  405  can create a mobile marketing campaign by accessing the acquirer system  312 , for example via the gateway  415  or a web service, and initiating an enrollment process  1401 . The acquirer system  312 , for example via a loyalty host, a dedicated marketing management system, or other system, can record the registration information such as identifying information for the merchant, offer information, demographic information indicating consumers to which the marketing messages should be directed, and possibly other information. The acquirer system  312  can deploy the marketing information  1405  to those registrants who selected to ‘opt-in’ to this merchant&#39;s marketing program via the mobile wallet server  335 . The mobile wallet server  335  for example via the provisioning process described above, can provision the marketing message  1405  to the inbox of the mobile wallet  408  on the consumer&#39;s mobile device  324  via the service provider network  325 . 
     Stated another way, a system can comprise a wireless communications network  325 , such as a cellular network, and a plurality of mobile devices  324  communicatively coupled with the wireless communications network  325 . Each mobile device  325  can be adapted to execute a mobile wallet application  408 . The system can also include an acquirer system  312  adapted to generate a set of information  1405  identifying one or more marketing offers. A mobile wallet server  335  can be communicatively coupled with the wireless communications network  325  and the acquirer system  312 . The mobile wallet server  335  can be adapted to receive the set of information  1405  identifying the one or more marketing offers from the acquirer system  312 , generate one or more marketing messages  1405  based on the set of information identifying the one or more marketing offers, and send each of the one or more marketing messages  1405  to the mobile wallet application  408  of one or more mobile devices  324  via the wireless communications network  325 . For example, the marketing messages  1405  can comprise Short Message Service (SMS) messages, email messages, or other types of messages. 
     The acquirer system  312  can generate the set of information  1405  identifying the one or more marketing offers based on a selection of one or more predefined marketing offers by a participating merchant  405  or other marketing entity. Additionally or alternatively, the acquirer system  312  can generate the set of information  1405  identifying the one or more marketing offers based on information provided to the acquirer system  312  from a marketing entity such as a merchant  405 . In some cases, the acquirer system  312  can be further adapted to determine one or more recipients for the marketing offers. In such cases, the acquirer system  312  can be adapted to determine one or more recipients for the marketing offers based at least in part on preference information for the one or more recipients. 
     Additionally or alternatively, the mobile wallet server  335  can be further adapted to determine one or more recipients for the marketing offers. For example, the mobile wallet server  335  can be adapted to determine one or more recipients for the marketing offers based at least in part on the set of information identifying the one or more marketing offers. Additionally or alternatively, the mobile wallet server  335  can be adapted to determine one or more recipients for the marketing offers based at least in part on a preference information for the one or more recipients, e.g., based on opt-in/opt-out or other preference information. 
       FIG. 15  is a flowchart illustrating a process for providing marketing messages in a mobile commerce system according to one embodiment of the present invention. In this example, the process begins with receiving  1505  at the acquirer system one or more indications of marketing offers from a marketing entity such as a participating merchant. Based on this information, the acquirer system can generate  1510  a set of information identifying the one or more marketing offers. Generating  1510  the set of information identifying the one or more marketing offers can be based on a selection of one or more predefined marketing offers by the participating merchant or other marketing entity. Additionally or alternatively, generating  1510  the set of information identifying the one or more marketing offers can be based on information provided to the acquirer system from the marketing entity. In some cases, generating  1510  the set of information identifying the one or more marketing offers can comprise determining with the acquirer system one or more recipients for the marketing offers. For example, determining one or more recipients for the marketing offers can be based at least in part on a preference information for the one or more recipients. The set of information identifying the one or more marketing offers can then be sent  1515  to the mobile wallet server. 
     The mobile wallet server can receive  1520  the set of information identifying the marketing offers from the acquirer system. The mobile wallet server can the generate  1525  one or more marketing messages based on the information from the acquirer system. In some cases, generating  1525  the marketing messages can comprise determining with the mobile wallet server one or more recipients for the marketing offers. In such a case, determining one or more recipients for the marketing offers can be based at least in part on the set of information identifying the one or more marketing offers. Additionally or alternatively, determining one or more recipients for the marketing offers can be based at least in part on a preference information for the one or more recipients. In any event, one or more marketing messages can be generated  1525  by the mobile wallet server based on the set of information identifying the one or more marketing offers. For example, the marketing messages can comprise Short Message Service (SMS) messages, email messages, audio, video, an executable applet or application, or other types of messages. Each of the one or more marketing messages can be sent  1530  from the mobile wallet server to one or more mobile devices. 
       FIG. 16  is a block diagram illustrating elements of a mobile commerce system for handling payments according to one embodiment of the present invention. As illustrated here, the system can comprise a mobile device  324  including a Near Field Communications (NFC) transponder  407  and a mobile wallet application  408 . The mobile device  324  can be adapted to maintain at least one set of information related to a financial account in the mobile wallet  408  and, upon initiation of a transaction such as a sale or payment, communicate at least a subset of the information related to the financial account via the NFC transponder  408 , for example to an NFC transponder of a POS device  310  of a merchant system  405  as described above. In some cases, the mobile wallet  408  of the mobile device  324  can maintain information related to a plurality of financial accounts such as, for example, debit accounts, demand deposit accounts, stored value accounts, loyalty accounts under a customer loyalty program, etc. In such cases, the mobile wallet  408  of the mobile device  324  can be adapted to present the plurality of financial accounts to a user of the mobile device  324  and receive a selection of a financial account for the transaction. The mobile device  324  can be adapted to communicate at least a subset of the information related to the selected financial account via the NFC transponder  324  upon initiation of the transaction. According to one embodiment, the communication may include an identity credential or other information for authenticating or otherwise verifying the user and/or device by any or all of the elements of the system. 
     The POS device  310  can be adapted to receive the information related to the financial account from the mobile device  324  via the NFC transponder  406  and send a communication related to the transaction, i.e., an authorization request  1605  to the acquirer systems  312 . The communication related to the financial transaction can include the information related to the financial account. Additionally, the request may include any identity credential or other information for authenticating or otherwise verifying the user and/or device that may be provided by the mobile device  324 . 
     As noted above, the mobile commerce gateway  415  can be adapted to receive the authorization request  1605  related to the transaction from the point of sale device  310  and route the communication for handling of the transaction based on the information related to the financial account. 
     As described above, for example with reference to  FIG. 4 , the system can also include a plurality of acquirer systems communicatively coupled with the mobile commerce gateway  415 . Each of the acquirer systems can be adapted to perform functions related to at least one type of financial transaction. For example, the acquirer systems  312  can include but are not limited to a payments system  425  adapted to communicate with a financial institution  316  maintaining the financial account. The payment system  425  can be adapted to route the authorization request  1605  to the financial institution  316  maintaining the account for authorization of the transaction. The payment system  425  can receive an approval message  1610 , or conversely a denial message, from the financial institution indicating approval or denial of the transaction. The payment system  425  can in turn send the approval message  1610  to the POS device  310 , for example via the gateway  415 . 
     According to one embodiment, the approval message  1610  may comprise an electronic receipt. That is, the approval message  1610  can include information related to completion of the transaction such as a dollar amount, time, date, payee information, and/or other information useful to a user of the mobile device  324  to identify, record, and/or track the transaction. In such a case, the POS device  310  may be adapted to receive the approval message  1610  from the acquirer system  312  and pass the approval message  1610  to the mobile device  324  via the NFC transponders  406  and  407  to be stored in or by the mobile wallet  408  of the mobile device  324 . Alternatively, a separate electronic receipt  1615  may be generated by the financial institution  316 , the payments system  425 , or other acquirer system in addition to the approval message  1610  provided by the financial institution  316 . In such a case, the POS device  310  may be adapted to receive the electronic receipt  1615  from the acquirer system  312  and pass the electronic receipt  1615  to the mobile device  324  via the NFC transponders  406  and  407  to be stored in or by the mobile wallet  408  of the mobile device  324 . Additionally or alternatively, the POS device  310  can be adapted to modify an electronic receipt provided by another system such as one of the acquirer systems. For example, the POS device  310  can be adapted to add transaction specific information such as items purchased, price per items, etc. to the receipt. In other implementations, the POS device  310  may generate a separate electronic receipt that can include information provided to the POS device  310  via the approval message  1610  or electronic receipt  1615  from the acquirer systems as well as transaction specific information such as items purchased, price per items, etc. 
     Regardless of how or where the electronic receipt is generated, it can be passed to the mobile wallet of the mobile device via the NFC module of the POS device  310 , the gateway  415 , or other acquirer system  312  via the mobile wallet server  335  described above, or via another channel. According to one embodiment, the electronic receipt can be provisioned to the mobile device over the air. For instance, a message can be sent from the POS device  310  and/or merchant system  405  to the mobile wallet server  335  described above. This message can include an identifier available to systems in the chain of creating and providing the receipt. For example, the POS device  310  can acquire the mobile device&#39;s unique identifier e.g., phone number, device identifier, device address, etc. via the NFC module of the POS device  310 , by input to the POS device  310  by the user of the mobile device, or in another manner. Alternatively or additionally, the gateway or other acquirer system could determine the identifier for the device, for example from data maintained by an enrollment system  420  as described above. This identifier can then be used to address or identify and route the receipt to the mobile device via the mobile wallet server  335  and/or service provider system  330  as described above. In yet another alternative, the receipt may be passed to another device or computer, other than the mobile device. For example, based on preference or other information of the user which can be maintained by the enrollment server  420  or another system, the gateway  415  or other acquirer system can send the send the receipt to the user&#39;s personal computer or other device. In such cases, the receipt can later be synchronized or transferred to the wireless device via a USB, wireless, or other connection. 
     Once the mobile wallet has received a receipt, the mobile wallet  408  can also be adapted to provide an interface for the user of the mobile device to later view, delete, or otherwise manage electronic receipts. Additionally or alternatively, the mobile wallet  408  of the mobile device  324  can be adapted to sync or transfer the electronic receipts to another device and/or application such as a spreadsheet or financial management application on the user&#39;s personal computer. Additionally or alternatively, the mobile wallet  408  of the mobile device  324  can be adapted to provide the receipt or a copy of the receipt, either through a user interface, via the NFC transponder of the mobile device, or in another manner. So, for example, the electronic receipt, once in the mobile wallet  408  can be used to make returns of merchandise, for example by the user of the mobile device selecting the receipt from the wallet and swiping or scanning the mobile device near the NFC transponder of the POS device. The merchant can then use the electronic receipt to process a return. In such a case, the electronic receipt may contain encrypted information supplied by the merchant prior to or during generation of the receipt in order to verify the origin, contents, and/or authenticity of the receipt and prevent tampering with the contents of the receipt. 
     It should be noted that, other acquirer systems as described above may be utilized to authorize a transaction. That is, the second acquirer systems can comprise a payments system  425  as illustrated here. In such a case, a request for authorization of the transaction can be sent from the payment system to a financial institution maintaining the financial account. For example, the financial account can comprise a credit account and the financial institution can comprise the issuer of the credit account. In another example, the financial account can comprise a debit account and the financial institution comprises the holder of the debit account. In yet another example, the financial account comprises a demand deposit account and the financial institution comprises the holder of the demand deposit account. An indication of authorization, e.g., an approval message  1610 , electronic receipt, or other message, can be received at the payment system  425  from the financial institution  316 . The indication of whether the transaction is authorized can be sent from the payment system  425  to the first acquirer system, e.g., the gateway  415  based on the indication of authorization from the financial institution  316 . In other cases, the financial account can comprise a stored value account and the second acquirer system can comprise a system maintaining information related to the stored value account such as prepaid system  430 . In such a case, a request for authorization of the transaction can be sent to the prepaid system  430  and an authorization or denial can be provided by the prepaid system  430  in reply. The request and reply can be communicated through the mobile commerce gateway  415  or between the payments system  425  and prepaid system  430  without passing through the gateway  415 . Additionally or alternatively, the financial account can comprise a loyalty account and the second acquirer system can comprise a system maintaining information related to the loyalty account. 
       FIG. 17  is a flowchart illustrating a process for handling payments according to one embodiment of the present invention. In this example, the process begins with receiving  1705  at a first acquirer system a communication, i.e., an authorization request, from a point-of-sale (POS) device. The communication can be related to the payment transaction and can include information identifying a financial account from which a payment is requested. A second acquirer for authorizing the payment can be identified  1710  based on the information identifying the financial account. The communication can be sent  1715  to the second acquirer system for authorization of the transaction based on the information related to the financial account. An indication of whether the transaction is authorized can be received  1717  from the second acquirer system. In response to an indication that the transaction is authorized  1720 , an authorization message can be generated  1730  and sent  1735  to the POS device. In response to an indication that the transaction is not authorized  1720 , a denial message can be generated  1725  and sent  1735  to the POS device. 
       FIG. 18  is a block diagram illustrating elements of a mobile commerce system for handling payments or transfers between mobile devices according to one embodiment of the present invention. As illustrated here, a system can comprise a wireless communications network  325  and a first mobile device  324  communicatively coupled with the wireless communications network  325 . The first mobile device  324  can be adapted to execute a mobile wallet application  408 , wherein the mobile wallet application  408  can be adapted to maintain at least one set of information related to a first financial account. The system can also include a second mobile device  1810  communicatively coupled with the wireless communications network  325 . The second mobile device  1810  can be adapted to execute a mobile wallet application  1805 , wherein the mobile wallet application  1805  of the second device  1810  can be adapted to maintain at least one set of information related to a second financial account. 
     According to one embodiment, the user of the first mobile device  324  may initiate a payment to the user of the second mobile device  1810 . For example, a user of one mobile device can transfer value, e.g., money, credit, gift card value, etc., or other items such as advertising or marketing offers to another mobile device or user by selecting a “pay mobile wallet” or other option via his mobile wallet interface. Upon initiation, the user of the first mobile device  324  can select an account for which information is stored in the mobile wallet  408  of the first mobile device  324  from which payment will be made. Similarly, the user of the second mobile device  1810  can select an account for which information is stored in the mobile wallet  1805  of the second mobile device  1810  to which payment will be made. 
     In some cases, the mobile wallet  408  or  1805  of one or both devices  324  and  1810  may also assign a transaction number or some other identifying information to the transaction. That is, in order to identify communications related to the transfer, information identifying the transfer can be assigned by the mobile wallet of one or both devices. In some cases, the information may include the account numbers for the transaction. For example, the parties may “beam” via RF, IR, NFC, or other communications means, to the other device the account number selected. In other cases, to in order to avoid sharing account numbers between the devices, other identifying information may be used. For example, the mobile wallet may be associated with a device number, phone number or other number or information identifying the device on which it is installed. Thus, a payor may designate a device to which the transaction is targeted. In still other cases, the originating device, target device, or both in combination may generate a unique identifier for the transaction. Regardless of how the identifier is generated, the identifying information can be included in communications to and from the devices  324  and  1810  and between other elements of the system to correlate the communications to the transaction or transfer. 
     One or both of the mobile devices  324  and  1810  can then send an authorization request  1805  and  1810  via the service provider network to the mobile wallet server  335  and/or the acquirer system  312 . According to one embodiment, the requests  1805  and  1810  may include identity credentials or other information for authenticating or otherwise verifying the users and/or devices by any or all of the elements of the system. Additionally or alternatively, the requests  1805  and  1810  can include information identifying the transaction and/or one or both account numbers involved in the transaction. 
     A first acquirer system, e.g., the gateway  415 , can be communicatively coupled with the wireless communications network  325  either directly or via the mobile wallet server  335 . The first acquirer system  415  can be adapted to receive a communication from the first mobile device  1805 , i.e., the authorization request. The authorization request  1805  from the first mobile device  324  can include information identifying the first financial account from which the payment is requested. A second acquirer system such as a payment system  425  can be communicatively coupled with the first acquirer system  415 . The first acquirer system  415  can be further adapted to identify the second acquirer system  425  based on the information identifying the first financial account, send the communication to the second acquirer system  425  for authorization of the transaction based on the information related to the first financial account. The second acquirer system can, for example, send the authorization request  1815  to a first financial institution  316 , i.e., the financial institution issuing or holding the first financial account, for authorization and receive an indication  1820  of whether the transaction is authorized. The second acquirer system  425  can send the indication  1820  of whether the transaction is authorized to the first acquirer system  415  to be returned, for example via the gateway  415  and/or mobile wallet server  335  to the first mobile device  324  and the second mobile device  1810 . 
     As noted above, the first acquirer system  415  can receive from the second mobile device  1810  a communication  1810  identifying a second financial account to which the payment is directed. In such cases, the second acquirer system  425  can be adapted to generate a payment notification message  1825  identify a system  317  maintaining the second financial account based on the communication  1810  identifying the second financial account and send the payment notification message  1825  to the system  317  maintaining the second financial account in response to receiving an indication that the transaction is authorized. The payment notification message may be used to initiate and/or authorize, for example in combination with the approval message  1820  from the first financial institution, a transaction between the first financial institution and the second financial institution to complete the payment. In reply, the second acquirer system  425  may receive a message  1830  indicating receipt of the payment. The second payment system  425  may then forward the receipt message  1830  to the second mobile device  1810 , for example via the gateway  415  and/or the mobile wallet server  335 . 
     It should be understood that the first financial account can comprise a credit account and the first financial institution can comprise the issuer of the credit account. In another cases, the first financial account can comprise a debit account and the financial institution can comprise the holder of the debit account. In another example, the first financial account can comprise a demand deposit account and the financial institution can comprise the holder of the demand deposit account. In still another example, the first financial account can comprise a loyalty account and the second acquirer system can comprise a system maintaining information related to the loyalty account. 
     In yet another example, either or both of the financial accounts can comprise a stored value account and the acquirer systems  312  can include a system maintaining information related to the stored value account such as prepaid system  430 . In such a case, a request for authorization of the transaction can be sent to the prepaid system  430  and an authorization or denial can be provided by the prepaid system  430  in reply. The request and reply can be communicated through the mobile commerce gateway  415  or between the payments system  425  and prepaid system  430  without passing through the gateway  415 . In other words, rather than transferring payments to or from a credit account, debit account, demand deposit account, etc., a transfer to or from a prepaid or stored value account, such as a gift card or other stored value account, can be performed. For example, a user initiating a transaction may choose to transfer a gift card from his mobile wallet to the mobile wallet of the recipient or payee. In another example, an initiating user may elect to add value to or “top-up” a card already in the recipient or payor&#39;s wallet. In yet another example, the initiating user may choose to pay the recipient in the form of a new gift card or stored value account, i.e., add a new card to the payee&#39;s mobile wallet. 
     In such cases, the transaction can proceed in a manner similar to that described above. For example, when making a transfer from a credit, debit, demand deposit, or other type of account to a prepaid account, the first acquirer system, e.g., the gateway  415 , can be adapted to receive a communication from the first mobile device  324 , i.e., the authorization request  1805 . The authorization request  1805  from the first mobile device  324  can include information identifying the first financial account from which the payment is requested. The gateway  415  can be further adapted to identify the second acquirer system e.g., the payments system  425 , based on the information identifying the first financial account. As noted above, the second acquirer system can, for example, send the authorization request  1815  to a first financial institution  316 , i.e., the financial institution issuing or holding the first financial account, for authorization and receive an indication  1820  of whether the transaction is authorized. The second acquirer system  425  can send the indication  1820  of whether the transaction is authorized to the gateway  415  to be provided to the prepaid system  430 . The prepaid system  430 , upon receiving from the gateway  415  an authorization request identifying a target account, user, device, etc. and an approval message, can credit the identified or new prepaid account, generate a payment receipt, and send the receipt to the gateway  415  to be returned to one or both of the mobile devices  324  and  1810 . 
     In another example, when making a transfer from a prepaid account to another type of account, the gateway  415  can be adapted to receive a communication from the first mobile device  324 , i.e., the authorization request  1805 . The authorization request  1805  from the first mobile device  324  can include information identifying the first financial account from which the payment is requested. The gateway  415  can be further adapted to identify the second acquirer system e.g., the prepaid system  430 , based on the information identifying the first financial account. The prepaid system  430  can then authorize the payment, or not, and send an indication of whether the transaction is authorized, e.g., a payment notice  1825  to the gateway  415  to be provided to the payments system  425 . The payments system  425 , upon receiving from the gateway  415  an payment notice  1825  identifying a target account, user, device, etc. and an approval message, can credit the identified account, generate a payment receipt  1830 , and send the receipt to the gateway  415  to be returned to one or both of the mobile devices  324  and  1810 . 
     In yet another example, when making payments or transfers between prepaid accounts, the gateway  415  can be adapted to receive a communication from the first mobile device  324 , i.e., the authorization request  1805 . The authorization request  1805  from the first mobile device  324  can include information identifying the first financial account from which the payment is requested. The gateway  415  can be further adapted to identify the second acquirer system e.g., the prepaid system  430 , based on the information identifying the first financial account. The prepaid system  430  can then authorize the payment, credit the identified target account, and send an indication of completion or denial of the transaction, e.g., a payment receipt, and send the receipt to the gateway  415  to be returned to one or both of the mobile devices  324  and  1810 . 
       FIG. 19  is a flowchart illustrating a process for handling payments or transfers between mobile devices according to one embodiment of the present invention. In this example, the process begins with receiving  1905  at a first acquirer system a communication from the first mobile device. The communication can be related to the payment transaction and can include information identifying a first financial account from which a payment is requested. In some cases, a communication can be received  1910  from the second mobile device that identifies a second financial account to which the payment is directed. A second acquirer system for authorizing the payment can be identified  1915  based on the information identifying the first financial account. The communication can be sent  1920  to the second acquirer system for authorization of the transaction based on the information related to the first financial account. 
     An indication of whether the transaction is authorized can be received  1922  at the second acquirer system. In response to receiving an indication that the transaction is authorized  1925 , a payment authorization message can be generated  1935 . In some cases, a system maintaining the second financial account can be identified based on the communication identifying the second financial account and a payment notification message can be generated  1940 . The payment authorization message and/or the notification message, if any, can be sent  1945  to the system maintaining the second financial account, the first mobile device, and/or the second mobile device. Settlement, i.e., the transfer of funds between the accounts involved, can then be performed in the conventional manner. In response to receiving from the second acquirer system an indication that the transaction is not authorized  1925 , a denial message can be generated  1930  and sent  1945  to the first mobile device and/or the second mobile device. 
     In the foregoing description, for the purposes of illustration, methods were described in a particular order. It should be appreciated that in alternate embodiments, the methods may be performed in a different order than that described. Additionally, the methods may contain additional or fewer steps than described above. It should also be appreciated that the methods described above may be performed by hardware components or may be embodied in sequences of machine-executable instructions, which may be used to cause a machine, such as a general-purpose or special-purpose processor or logic circuits programmed with the instructions, to perform the methods. These machine-executable instructions may be stored on one or more machine readable mediums, such as CD-ROMs or other type of optical disks, floppy diskettes, ROMs, RAMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards, flash memory, or other types of machine-readable mediums suitable for storing electronic instructions. Alternatively, the methods may be performed by a combination of hardware and software. 
     While illustrative and presently preferred embodiments of the invention have been described in detail herein, it is to be understood that the inventive concepts may be otherwise variously embodied and employed, and that the appended claims are intended to be construed to include such variations, except as limited by the prior art.