Patent Publication Number: US-8109597-B2

Title: Image forming apparatus and control method for image forming apparatus

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus and a control method for an image forming apparatus, and more particularly, to maintenance cleaning for removing residual matter which has accumulated on an intermediate transfer body in an image forming apparatus of an intermediate transfer type, and polishing the intermediate transfer body. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2006-198988 discloses a composition in which a liquid wiping device is separated from an independent foreign matter removal device, and cleaning conditions are set in accordance with the number of sheets of recording paper output. 
     Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2004-175497 discloses a composition in which an independent liquid supply device and a liquid wiping device are separated from each other, the recording liquid on the conveyance member is diluted by the liquid supply device during standby or when not performing image formation, and this liquid is wiped away by the liquid wiping device, thereby performing cleaning. 
     Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-14255 and Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-14256 disclose washing an intermediate transfer body in order to clean the intermediate transfer body, and carrying out drying, as required. 
     Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 7-17030 discloses improving ink wetting properties and obtaining a satisfactory transfer image, by using an elastic body having a surface roughness of a maximum height R max  of 1 μm to 25 μm as an intermediate transfer body. 
     However, in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2006-198988, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2004-175497, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-14255, and Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-14256, in the cleaning carried out when image formation is not performed, the same cleaning device and washing liquid as those used in cleaning during image formation are employed. Here, since cleaning carried out during image formation needs to be performed in a fashion which avoids affecting image formation, then there are prescribed limits on the operation of the cleaning device and the choice of washing liquid, and hence there is a certain degree of limit on the cleaning effects achieved. Consequently, there is also a possibility that if the apparatus is operated for a long period of time, then the residual matter accumulates since it cannot be removed completely from the conveyance member or the intermediate transfer body. In particular, if the residual material accumulates on the intermediate transfer body in an image forming apparatus of an intermediate transfer type, then there is a possibility that the transfer characteristics and the image texture, and the like, will decline. 
     Moreover, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-14255, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-14256 and Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 7-17030 do not disclose a method of eliminating any uneven wear of the intermediate transfer body as a result of the operation of the apparatus. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention has been contrived in view of the foregoing circumstances, an object thereof being to provide an image forming apparatus, and a control method for an image forming apparatus, whereby residual material can be removed reliably from an intermediate transfer body, as well as being able to eliminate uneven wear occurring in the intermediate transfer body and to maintain stable surface roughness. 
     In order to attain the aforementioned object, the present invention is directed to an image forming apparatus which forms an image, comprising: an intermediate transfer body which is conveyed in a conveyance direction; a washing liquid application device which applies a washing liquid on the intermediate transfer body; a first wiping device which is arranged on a downstream side of the washing liquid application device in terms of the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body, the first wiping device abutting against the intermediate transfer body to wipe away the washing liquid on the intermediate transfer body; a second wiping device which is arranged on a downstream side of the first wiping device in terms of the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body, the second wiping device abutting against the intermediate transfer body to wipe away the washing liquid on the intermediate transfer body; and a control device which controls the first and second wiping devices so that the first wiping device abuts against the intermediate transfer body when the image is being formed, and the first wiping device separates from the intermediate transfer body while the second wiping device abuts against the intermediate transfer body when the image is not being formed. 
     In this aspect of the present invention, since the image forming apparatus is provided with two types of wiping devices including the first wiping device used when the image is being formed and the second wiping device used when the image is not being formed, it is possible to remove the residual material that has not been removed by the first wiping device during image formation, from the intermediate transfer body by the second wiping device when the image is not being formed. Furthermore, since the second wiping device is arranged on the downstream side of the first wiping device in terms of the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body, then when the image is not being formed, it is possible to set the time period during which the washing liquid remains on the intermediate transfer body to be longer than that when the image is being formed. Therefore, it is possible to cause the washing liquid that has been applied on the intermediate transfer body by the washing liquid application device to permeate into the residual material, even when conveying the intermediate transfer body at the same conveyance speed as that during image formation, and hence the residual material on the intermediate transfer body can be wiped away reliably by the second wiping device. 
     Preferably, the second wiping device includes a roller member which is driven so as to rotate; and when the image is not being formed, the control device controls the second wiping device to rotate in a direction opposite to the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body while adjusting at least one of a tension of the intermediate transfer body, a winding angle of the intermediate transfer body about the second wiping device and a rotational speed of the roller member to be greater than that when the image is being formed. 
     In this aspect of the present invention, the wiping effect of the second wiping device is enhanced, and therefore maintenance of the intermediate transfer body can be carried out even more reliably. Furthermore, it is also possible to prevent uneven wear of the second wiping device by rotating the second wiping device. 
     Preferably, the second wiping device also serves as an image formation liquid application device which applies an image formation liquid on the intermediate transfer body; and when the image is being formed, the control device controls the second wiping device to abut against the intermediate transfer body to apply the image formation liquid on the intermediate transfer body. 
     In this aspect of the present invention, since the second wiping device also serves as a device for applying the image formation liquid (in the present specification, also referred to as “liquid for image formation”) onto the intermediate transfer body, then it is possible to carry out maintenance of the intermediate transfer body without providing an additional composition. 
     Preferably, the second wiping device includes a portion that abuts against the intermediate transfer body, the portion of the second wiping device being composed of metal or ceramic; and the control device controls the washing liquid application device to apply a first washing liquid on the intermediate transfer body when the image is being formed and to apply a second washing liquid on the intermediate transfer body when the image is not being formed, the second washing liquid being different from the first washing liquid. 
     In this aspect of the present invention, since the second washing liquid having a composition which is different to that of the first washing liquid applied during image formation, is used, then it is possible to remove the residual material on the intermediate transfer body more reliably, by means of the second wiping device. 
     Preferably, the second wiping device includes a roller member that has a circumferential surface on which recess sections are arranged; and the second washing liquid contains particles having a diameter of 20 μm through 100 μm. 
     In this aspect of the present invention, since the particles are provisionally fixed in the recess sections of the second wiping device, then it is possible to remove the residual material on the intermediate transfer body, more efficiently. 
     Preferably, the above-described image forming apparatus further includes a solvent removal device which abuts against the intermediate transfer body to remove solvent from the intermediate transfer body, the solvent being derived from mixture of a treatment liquid and an ink that have been applied on the intermediate transfer body when the image is being formed, wherein the control device controls the solvent removal device to abut against the intermediate transfer body when the image is not being formed. 
     In this aspect of the present invention, it is possible to clean the solvent removal device efficiently. 
     In order to attain the aforementioned object, the present invention is directed to a method of controlling an image forming apparatus which forms an image and includes: an intermediate transfer body which is conveyed in a conveyance direction; a washing liquid application device which applies a washing liquid on the intermediate transfer body; a first wiping device which is arranged on a downstream side of the washing liquid application device in terms of the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body, the first wiping device abutting against the intermediate transfer body to wipe away the washing liquid on the intermediate transfer body; a second wiping device which is arranged on a downstream side of the first wiping device in terms of the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body, the second wiping device abutting against the intermediate transfer body to wipe away the washing liquid on the intermediate transfer body, the method comprising the step of: controlling the first and second wiping devices so that the first wiping device abuts against the intermediate transfer body when the image is being formed, and the first wiping device separates from the intermediate transfer body while the second wiping device abuts against the intermediate transfer body when the image is not being formed. 
     According to the present invention, it is possible reliably to remove the residual material from the intermediate transfer body, while also being able to eliminate the uneven wear occurring in the intermediate transfer body and to ensure stable surface roughness. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The nature of this invention, as well as other objects and advantages thereof, will be explained in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts throughout the figures and wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a general schematic drawing of an inkjet recording apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a principal plan diagram of the periphery of the print unit; 
         FIGS. 3A and 3B  are plan view perspective diagrams showing the internal structure of a head; 
         FIG. 4  is a plan diagram showing a her example of the composition of a head; 
         FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional diagram along line  5 - 5  in  FIGS. 3A and 3B ; 
         FIG. 6  is a plan diagram showing an example of the arrangement of nozzles in a head; 
         FIG. 7  is a compositional diagram showing a first embodiment of a liquid application apparatus used in a treatment liquid application unit; 
         FIGS. 8A and 8B  are diagrams showing examples of the cell shape formed on the surface of the gravure roller; 
         FIG. 8C  is a diagram showing an example of a spiral roller; 
         FIG. 9  is a compositional diagram of a line spray showing one example of a spraying member used in a substitute fluid spraying unit; 
         FIG. 10  is a diagram showing one example of the use of a line spray, 
         FIG. 11  is an illustrative diagram of a flat spray nozzle; 
         FIG. 12  is a compositional diagram showing a second example of a liquid application apparatus used in a treatment liquid application unit; 
         FIG. 13  is a graph showing the liquid volume distribution of a liquid spraying pattern achieved by a flat spray; 
         FIG. 14  is a schematic drawing showing the relationship between a treatment liquid spraying unit and a substitute fluid spraying unit; 
         FIG. 15  is a diagram showing a compositional example of a liquid supply system in a case where a gas (air) is used as the substitute fluid; 
         FIG. 16  is an illustrative diagram showing examples of control of the application range of the treatment liquid onto the intermediate transfer body; 
         FIG. 17  is an enlarged diagram of a solvent removal unit; 
         FIG. 18  is a diagram showing visibility in relation to the number of lines of cells (recess sections) and the density differential ΔD; 
         FIG. 19  is an illustrative diagram showing an example of the composition of a liquid supply system for the solvent removal unit; 
         FIG. 20  is a diagram showing an example of control relating to the gas spray nozzle and the mist spray nozzle; 
         FIG. 21  is a diagram showing an example in which a tensioning roller is displaced in the direction of rotation of the solvent removal roller; 
         FIG. 22  is an illustrative diagram showing an example of the composition of a liquid supply system when one liquid is sprayed in a first cleaning unit; 
         FIG. 23  is an illustrative diagram showing an example of the composition of a liquid supply system when two liquids are sprayed in the first cleaning unit; 
         FIG. 24  is an enlarged diagram of a portion of the second cleaning unit; 
         FIG. 25  is a plan view diagram showing an example in which the adhesive rollers are divided in a two-step fashion in the shape of a comb, as viewed from the direction perpendicular to the axis direction of the adhesive rollers; 
         FIG. 26  is an enlarged diagram of a soiling determination unit; 
         FIG. 27  is a flowchart showing an operational sequence for carrying out cleaning by a second cleaning unit, when the inkjet recording apparatus is not forming images, for instance, when the apparatus is started up, at standby, or carrying out batch processing; 
         FIG. 28  is a flowchart showing an operational sequence for stabilizing the surface of the intermediate transfer body in initialization for printing, immediately before transferring from a non-image forming state to an image forming state; 
         FIG. 29  is a flowchart showing an operational sequence for carrying out image formation while performing continuous cleaning by means of the first cleaning unit; 
         FIG. 30  is a flowchart diagram showing an operational sequence for cleaning the intermediate transfer body in a print post-processing step, when the apparatus has completed image formation (batch processing) and is no longer forming images; 
         FIG. 31  is a diagram showing an aspect of maintenance and cleaning of the intermediate transfer body; 
         FIG. 32  is a diagram showing an aspect of cleaning of the intermediate transfer body by the first cleaning unit during the formation of images; 
         FIG. 33  is a block diagram showing the system configuration of the inkjet recording apparatus according to the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 34  is a principal block diagram showing the system composition when the liquid application apparatus shown in  FIG. 12  is used; 
         FIG. 35  is a block diagram showing the composition of a solvent removal control unit; 
         FIG. 36  is a block diagram showing the composition of the first cleaning unit controller; 
         FIG. 37  is a block diagram showing the composition of the second cleaning unit controller; 
         FIG. 38  is a general schematic drawing of an inkjet recording apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 39  is a block diagram showing the system configuration of the inkjet recording apparatus according to the second embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     General Composition of Inkjet Recording Apparatus According to First Embodiment 
     Firstly, an inkjet recording apparatus which forms an image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.  FIG. 1  is a diagram of the general composition of an inkjet recording apparatus according to a first embodiment. As shown in  FIG. 1 , the inkjet recording apparatus  10  according to the present embodiment is a recording apparatus using a transfer method which records an image (primary image) on an intermediate transfer body  12 , which is a non-permeable body, and then forms a main image (secondary image) by transferring this image to a recording medium  14 , such as a normal paper. The principle compositional elements of this inkjet recording apparatus  10  are: a treatment liquid application unit  16  (corresponding to the “liquid application apparatus” according to the present invention) which applies an aggregation treatment agent (“image formation liquid”; hereinafter, also referred to simply as “treatment liquid” in the present specification) onto an intermediate transfer body  12 ; a heating unit  18  and a cooler  20  for drying and cooling the treatment liquid which has been applied on the intermediate transfer body  12 ; a print unit (ink droplet ejection unit)  22  which deposits inks (also referred to as “image formation liquid”) of a plurality of colors onto the intermediate transfer body  12 ; a solvent removal unit  24  which removes liquid solvent (excess solvent) on the intermediate transfer body  12  after ejection of ink droplets; a transfer unit  26  which transfers the ink image formed on the intermediate transfer body  12 , onto a recording medium  14 ; a paper supply unit  28  which supplies a recording medium  14  to the transfer unit  26 ; and cleaning units (first cleaning unit  30  and second cleaning unit  32 ) which clean the intermediate transfer body  12  after transfer. 
     The treatment liquid is an acidic liquid which has the action of aggregating the coloring material which is contained in the ink, and the inks are colored inks which contain a coloring material (pigment) of the respective colors of cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y) and black (K). The composition of the treatment liquid and the ink used in the present embodiment are described in detail hereinafter. 
     An endless belt is used for the intermediate transfer body  12 . This intermediate transfer body (endless belt)  12  has a structure whereby it is wound about a plurality of rollers (three tensioning rollers  34 A to  34 C and a transfer roller  36  are depicted in  FIG. 1 , but the winding mode of the belt is not limited to this example), and the drive power of a motor (not shown in  FIG. 1  and indicated by reference numeral  288  in  FIG. 33 ) is transmitted to at least one of the tensioning rollers  34 A to  34 C or the transfer roller  36 , thereby driving the intermediate transfer body  12  in a counter-clockwise direction in  FIG. 1  (the direction indicated by the arrow A). The tensioning roller indicated by reference numeral  34 C is a tensioner which serves to correct serpentine travel of the belt and to apply tension to the belt. 
     The intermediate transfer body  12  is formed of resin, metal, rubber, or the like, which has non-permeable properties that prevent permeation of liquid droplets of ink, in at least the image forming region (not shown) where the primary image is formed, of the surface (the image forming surface)  12 A opposing the print unit  22 . Furthermore, at least the image forming region of the intermediate transfer body  12  is composed so as to have a horizontal surface (flat surface) which has a prescribed flatness. 
     Desirable materials for use as the surface layer which includes the image forming surface  12 A of the intermediate transfer body  12  are, for example, commonly known materials such as: a polyimide resin, a silicone resin, a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin, a polystyrene resin, a polyolefin resin, a polybutadiene resin, a polyamide resin, a polyvinyl chloride resin, a polyethylene resin, a fluorine resin, and the like. 
     The surface tension of the surface layer of the intermediate transfer body  12  is desirably set to be not less than 10 mN/m and not more than 40 mN/m. If the surface tension of the surface layer of the intermediate transfer body  12  is more than 40 mN/m, then the surface tension differential with respect to the recording medium  14  onto which the primary image is to be transferred disappears (or becomes extremely low), and the transfer properties of the ink aggregating body worsen. If, on the other hand, the surface tension of the surface layer of the intermediate transfer body  12  is less than 10 mN/m, then the design freedom (range of selection) of the intermediate transfer body  12  and the treatment liquid is restricted. This is because if the wetting properties of the treatment liquid are taken into account, it is necessary to set the surface tension of the treatment liquid to be lower than the surface tension of the surface layer on the intermediate transfer body  12 , and it is difficult to make the surface tension of the treatment liquid not more than 10 mN/m. 
     From the viewpoint of the durability and transfer characteristics onto a normal paper, the intermediate transfer body  12  according to the present embodiment is desirably a body in which an elastic material having a surface energy approximately of 15 mN/m (=mJ/m 2 ) through 30 mN/m, has been formed to a thickness of approximately 30 μm through 150 μm on the base material, such as polyimide, and it is preferable to provide a coating of silicone rubber, fluorine rubber, a fluorine elastomer, or the like as the elastic material. 
     The treatment liquid application unit  16  applies a treatment liquid (aggregation treatment agent) which forms an undercoating liquid, on the intermediate transfer body  12  after a cleaning step by a first cleaning unit  30 , which is described below. The treatment liquid application unit  16  is disposed to the upstream side of the print unit  22 , with respect to the direction of conveyance of the intermediate transfer body. Desirably, the application of the treatment liquid onto the intermediate transfer body  12  involves selective application onto the image forming section by means of reverse coating by a gravure roller  38 . The detailed structure of the liquid application apparatus used in the treatment liquid application unit  16  is described later. 
     In other words, the treatment liquid application unit  16  is constituted of a gravure roller which forms an application roller (which corresponds to a “roller member”)  38 , and a treatment liquid container  40 . By rotating the gravure roller  38  onto which the treatment liquid has been supplied in a direction opposite to the direction of conveyance of the intermediate transfer body  12 , while the gravure roller  38  is in contact with the intermediate transfer body  12 , the treatment liquid is applied onto the image forming surface  12 A of the intermediate transfer body  12 . Although the details are described later, the gravure roller  38  is also used as a second wiping device to perform the maintenance cleaning for the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
     Furthermore, a desirable mode is one where the treatment liquid contains 1 wt % through 5 wt % of polymer resin (micro-particles) with the object of enhancing the transfer characteristics and the coloring material fixing properties when depositing droplets of ink. Although the details are described later, in the maintenance cleaning of the intermediate transfer body  12 , it is possible to use a washing liquid containing a surfactant or polishing particles for the maintenance cleaning. 
     The heating unit  18  is disposed to the downstream side of the treatment liquid application unit  16  and to the upstream side of the print unit  22 . The heating unit  18  according to the present embodiment uses a heater whose temperature can be adjusted in a range of 50° C. through 100° C. The treatment liquid applied on the intermediate transfer body  12  by means of the treatment liquid application unit  16  is heated by passing through this heating unit  18  and the solvent component evaporates, thereby drying the liquid. Consequently, an aggregation treatment agent layer (namely, a thin film layer formed by drying the treatment liquid) which is in a solid state or a semi-solid state is formed on the surface of the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
     The “aggregation treatment agent layer in a solid state or a semi-solid state” referred to here includes a layer of which the percentage of water content as defined below is 0% through 70%: 
                 percentage   ⁢           ⁢   of   ⁢           ⁢   water   ⁢           ⁢   content     =       A   B     ×   100       ,         
where A is weight of water contained in the treatment liquid after drying per unit surface area (g/m 2 ), and B is weight of the treatment liquid after drying per unit surface area (g/m 2 ).
 
     A cooler  20  is disposed on the downstream side of the heating unit  18  in the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body, and to the upstream side of the print unit  22 . This cooler  20  is disposed on the rear surface side of the intermediate transfer body  12 . The cooler  20  can be controlled within a prescribed temperature range, and in the present embodiment, for example, it is controlled to 40° C. By cooling the intermediate transfer body  12  on which the aggregation treatment agent layer has been formed by heating and drying by the heating unit  18 , to approximately 40° C. by means of the cooler  20 , the radiated heat from the intermediate transfer body  12  is reduced, and the drying of the ink in the nozzles of the head in the print unit  22  is suppressed. 
     The print unit  22  disposed after the cooler  20  includes liquid ejection heads (hereinafter, referred to as “heads”)  22 Y,  22 M,  22 C and  22 K of an inkjet type which correspond to the respective ink colors of yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C) and black (K). 
     The pigment-based inks of respective colors (C, M, Y, K) are ejected from the respective heads  22 Y,  22 M,  22 C and  22 K of the print unit  22  onto the aggregation treatment agent layer on the intermediate transfer body  12  which has passed through the cooler  20 , in accordance with the image signal, thereby depositing droplets of the inks onto the aggregation treatment agent layer. In the case of the present embodiment, the ink ejection volume achieved by the respective heads  22 Y,  22 M,  22 C and  22 K is approximately 2 pl, and the recording density is 1200 dpi in both the main scanning direction (the breadthways direction of the intermediate transfer body  12 ) and the sub-scanning direction (the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body  12 ). The ink can also contain a polymer resin (micro-particles) having film forming properties, and in the case of this mode, the rub resistance and storage stability are improved in the transfer step and the fixing step. 
     When ink droplets are deposited onto the aggregation treatment agent layer, then the contact surface between the ink and the aggregation treatment agent layer has a prescribed surface area when the ink deposits, due to a balance between the propulsion energy and the surface energy. An aggregating reaction starts immediately after the ink has deposited on the aggregation treatment agent, and the aggregating reaction starts from the contact surface between the ink and the aggregation treatment agent layer. Since the aggregating reaction occurs only in the vicinity of the contact surface, and the coloring material in the ink aggregates while receiving an adhesive force in the prescribed contact surface area upon deposition of the ink, then movement of the coloring material is suppressed. 
     Even if another ink droplet is deposited adjacently to this ink droplet, since the coloring material of the previously deposited ink will already have aggregated, then the coloring material does not mix with the subsequently deposited ink, and therefore bleeding is suppressed. After aggregation of the coloring material, the separated ink solvent spreads, and a liquid layer containing dissolved aggregation treatment agent is formed on the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
     As described above, an aggregate of the pigment is formed due to an aggregating reaction of the ink deposited onto the aggregation treatment agent layer, and this aggregate separates from the solvent. The solvent (residual solvent) component which has separated from the pigment aggregate is removed from the intermediate transfer body  12  by a solvent removal roller  42  of a solvent removal unit  24  which is disposed to the downstream side of the print unit  22 . 
     The solvent removal roller  42  used here is desirably a roller which traps liquid in surface grooves (cells) by means of a similar principle to the gravure roller used for application. The liquid collected by the solvent removal roller  42  is removed from the solvent removal roller  42  by means of an air blower or liquid spraying action, or the like. 
     In this way, in a mode where solvent on the image forming surface  12 A of the intermediate transfer body  12  is removed by means of a solvent removal roller  42 , since the solvent on the intermediate transfer body  12  is removed appropriately, then there is no transfer of large quantities of solvent (dispersion medium) onto the recording medium  14  in the transfer unit  26 . Hence, even in a case where a normal paper, or the like, is used as the recording medium  14 , it is possible to prevent problems which are characteristic of water-based solvents, such as curling, cockling, or the like. 
     Moreover, by removing excess solvent from the ink aggregate by means of the solvent removal unit  24 , the ink aggregate is condensed and the internal aggregating force is enhanced yet further. Consequently, adhesion of the resin particles contained in the ink aggregate is promoted effectively, and a stronger internal aggregating force can be applied to the ink aggregate, up until the transfer step carried out by the transfer unit  26 . Moreover, by achieving effective condensation of the ink aggregate by removal of the solvent, it is possible to apply good fixing properties and good luster to the image, even after transfer of the image to the recording medium  14 . 
     It is not absolutely necessary to remove all of the solvent on the intermediate transfer body  12  by means of this solvent removal unit  24 . If the ink aggregate is condensed excessively by removing an excessive amount of solvent, then the aggregating force between the ink aggregate and the transfer body becomes too strong, and therefore a very large pressure is needed for transfer, which is not desirable. Rather, in order to maintain a viscous elasticity which is suitable for transfer, it is desirable to leave a small amount of solvent. 
     Moreover, the following beneficial effects are obtained by leaving a small amount of solvent on the intermediate transfer body  12 . Specifically, since the ink aggregate is hydrophobic, and the non-volatile solvent component (principally, the organic solvent, such as glycerine) is hydrophilic, then the ink aggregate and the residual solvent component separate after carrying out solvent removal, and a thin layer of liquid composed of the residual solvent component is formed between the ink aggregate and the intermediate transfer body. Consequently, the adhesive force of the ink aggregate on the intermediate transfer body  12  becomes weak, which is beneficial for improving transfer characteristics. 
     Since the volume of ink ejected as droplets onto the intermediate transfer body  12  varies in accordance with the image to be printed, then in the case of an image having a large white area (an image having a low ink volume), a mist spray is emitted from a mist spray nozzle  43  in order to supplement the low ink volume, in such a manner that the amount of water on the intermediate transfer body  12  is stabilized within a prescribed tolerable range. 
     A soiling determination unit  44  for determining the soiling of the intermediate transfer body  12 , and a pre-heater  46  forming a preliminary heating device are provided to the downstream side of the solvent removal unit  24  and before the transfer unit  26 , in terms of the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body. The pre-heater  46  according to the present embodiment is disposed on the rear surface  12 B side of the intermediate transfer body  12 , and hence the intermediate transfer body  12  on which the primary image has been formed is heated from the rear surface  12 B side. 
     The heating temperature range of the pre-heater  46  is 90° C. through 130° C., and thus it is set to be not less than the heating temperature of the transfer unit  26  during transfer (in the present embodiment, 90° C.). Since the image formed on the intermediate transfer body  12  is transferred to the recording medium  14  in the transfer unit  26  after preliminarily heating the image forming region of the intermediate transfer body  12 , then it is possible to set the heating temperature of the transfer unit  26  to a lower temperature than in a case where preliminary heating is not carried out, and furthermore, it is possible to shorten the transfer time of the transfer unit  26 . 
     The transfer unit  26  is constituted of a transfer roller  36  including a heater (not shown in  FIG. 1 , and indicated by reference numeral  289  which represents a plurality of heaters, in  FIG. 33 ), and a heating roller  48  performing a heating and pressurization nip, which is disposed opposing the transfer roller  36 . In this way, a composition is achieved in which the intermediate transfer body  12  and the recording medium  14  are taken up in between the transfer roller  36  and the pressurization roller  48 , and are pressurized at a prescribed pressure (nip pressure) while heating to a prescribed temperature, thereby transferring the primary image formed on the intermediate transfer body  12  to the recording medium  14 . 
     The device for adjusting the nip pressure during transfer in the transfer unit  26  is, for example, a mechanism (drive device) which moves the transfer roller  36  or the pressurization roller  48 , or both, in the vertical direction in  FIG. 1 . 
     A desirable nip pressure during transfer is 1.5 MPa through 2.0 MPa, and a desirable heating temperature (roller temperature) is 80° C. through 120° C. In the present embodiment, the transfer roller  36  and the pressurization roller  48  axe both set to 90° C. If the heating temperature during transfer by the transfer roller is set too high, then there may be a problem of deformation of the intermediate transfer body  12 , and the like, whereas if, on the other hand, the heating temperature is too low, then there may be a problem of poor transfer characteristics. 
     Furthermore, if the recording medium  14  is heated in advance (pre-heated) to a temperature of 70° C. through 100° C. in the paper supply unit  28  before transfer, then the transfer characteristics are further improved, which is desirable. In the case of the present embodiment, a heater  50  is provided in the paper supply unit  28  as a preliminary heating device for the recording medium  14 . The recording medium  14  which has been preliminarily heated by the heater  50  is conveyed by the nip of the paper supply rollers formed by the pair of adhesive rollers  52  and  53 , and is thereby supplied to the transfer unit  26 . 
     The composition of the paper supply unit  28  may be based on a mode using a magazine for rolled paper (continuous paper), or a mode in which paper is supplied by means of a cassette in which cut paper is stacked and loaded, instead of or in combination with magazine for rolled paper. In the case of a configuration in which rolled paper is used, a cutter is provided and the rolled paper is cut to a desired size by the cutter. Alternatively, it is also possible to provide a plurality of magazines and cassettes having different paper widths, paper qualities, and the like. 
     In the case of a configuration in which a plurality of types of recording medium can be used, it is preferable that an information recording medium such as a bar code and a wireless tag containing information about the type of medium is attached to the magazine, and by reading the information contained in the information recording medium with a predetermined reading device, the type of recording medium to be used (type of medium) is automatically determined, and ink-droplet ejection is controlled so that the ink-droplets are ejected in an appropriate manner in accordance with the type of medium. 
     Concrete examples of the recording medium  14  used in the present embodiment are: normal paper (including high-grade paper and recycled paper), permeable media, such as special inkjet paper, non-permeable media or low-permeability media, such as coated paper, sealed paper having adhesive or a detachable label on the rear surface thereof, a resin film, such as an OHP sheet, or a metal sheet, cloth, wood or other types of media. 
     The recording medium  14  supplied to the transfer unit  26  is heated and pressurized at a prescribed temperature and a prescribed nip pressure by means of the transfer roller  36  and the pressurization roller  48 , and the primary image on the intermediate transfer body  12  is transferred onto the recording medium  14 . The recording medium  14  (printed object) which has passed through the transfer unit  26  is separated from the intermediate transfer body  12  by means of a separating hook  56 , and is output to the exterior of the apparatus by means of a conveyance device (not shown). Although not shown in  FIG. 1 , a sorter which accumulates the printed objects separately according to print orders, is provided in the printed object output unit. 
     The recording medium  14  (printed object) which has been separated from the intermediate transfer body  12  may undergo a fixing step (not shown) before being output from the apparatus. The fixing unit is, for example, constituted by a heating roller pair in which the temperature and pressing force can be adjusted. By adding a fixing step of this kind, the polymer micro-particles contained in the ink form a film (namely, a thin film is formed by the polymer micro-particles fusing on the outermost surface of the image), and therefore the rub resistance and storage properties are increased yet further. The heating temperature in the fixing step is 100° C. through 130° C., the pressing force is desirably 2.5 MPa through 3.0 MPa, and these values are optimized in accordance with the temperature characteristics of the added polymer resin (e.g., the film forming temperature: MFT), and the like. Of course, since not only transfer characteristics but also film forming characteristics can be achieved in the transfer step in the transfer unit  26 , then it is also possible to adopt a mode in which the fixing unit is omitted. 
     After the transfer step by the transfer unit  26 , the intermediate transfer body  12  which has passed through the detachment unit formed by the separation hook  56  arrives at the first cleaning unit  30 . 
     The first cleaning unit  30  is a device which cleans the intermediate transfer body  12  by using a cleaning liquid obtained by adding a surfactant, or the like, to water, such as distilled water or purified water, or solvent collected by the solvent removal unit  24 . The first cleaning unit  30  is constituted by a cleaning liquid spraying unit  60  which sprays the cleaning liquid, a rotation brush  62  which rotates in a reverse direction with respect to the direction of conveyance of the intermediate transfer body while making contact with the image forming surface  12 A of the intermediate transfer body  12 , and a blade  64  which slides and wipes the surface of the intermediate transfer body  12 . Furthermore, the heater  65  is disposed on the rear surface side of the intermediate transfer body  12  in the first cleaning unit  30 . The first cleaning unit  30  principally functions as a device which cleans the intermediate transfer body  12  after completing image transfer to the recording medium  14 . 
     Although the liquid cleaning step performed by using the cleaning liquid in the first cleaning unit  30  is appropriate for high-speed continuous processing, a small amount of residual material is liable to remain on the intermediate transfer body  12 , and there are limits on the stable cleaning which can be achieved in the edge portions of the intermediate transfer body  12 . Consequently, due to the accumulation of residual material with operation over a long period of time, then problems may occur, such as deterioration in the transfer characteristics and sensitivity, soiling of the apparatus, operational defects, and the like. 
     Otherwise, if hard dust particles, such as grit particles, become attached to the intermediate transfer body due to the inflow of external air used for cooling the interior of the apparatus, the generation of dust inside the apparatus, or the performance of maintenance work or the like, then this dust may enter in between the wiping members (the rotation brush  62  and the blade  64 ) during liquid cleaning by the first cleaning unit  30 , and it may give rise to damage, such as scratch marks on the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
     From the viewpoint of solving these problems, in the present embodiment, a second cleaning unit  32  is provided which uses an adhesive member (adhesive rollers  66  and  68  for removing dust). The second cleaning unit  32  is constituted by adhesive rollers  66  and  68  which can be moved to control the contact state and the separation state with respect to the surface ( 12 A) of the intermediate transfer body  12 , and a cleaning web (or adhesive belt)  70  which is able to make contact with these adhesive rollers  66  and  68 . As shown in  FIG. 1 , this second cleaning unit  32  is disposed at a position opposing the tensioning roller  34 A. In  FIG. 1 , the reference numerals  72  and  73  are pressing rollers. 
     Either during non-image forming state (e.g., when the apparatus is started up, at standby or carrying out batch processing) or before liquid cleaning during image formation, the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  are rotated while making contact with the intermediate transfer body  12 , and therefore the foreign material on the intermediate transfer body  12  becomes attached to the adhesive rollers  66  and  68 , thereby removing the foreign material (dust) from the intermediate transfer body and thus cleaning the surface of the intermediate transfer body. 
     The foreign material which has become attached to the surface of the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  can be moved to the cleaning web (or the adhesive belt)  70 , by separating the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  from the intermediate transfer body  12  and rotating the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  in contact with the cleaning web (or adhesive belt)  70 . Consequently, it is possible to clean the surface of the adhesive rollers  66  and  68 . 
     Furthermore, the composition of the principal part of the inkjet recording apparatus  10  will be described in more detail. 
     Compositional Example of Print Unit 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the print unit  22  comprises heads  22 Y,  22 M,  22 C,  22 K corresponding to the respective colors, provided in the sequence of yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), black (K), from the upstream side following the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body. 
     The ink storing and loading unit  74  is constituted by an ink tank which stores respective ink liquids which are supplied respectively to the heads  22 Y,  22 M,  22 C and  22 K. The ink tanks are connected to the respectively corresponding heads, via prescribed flow channels, and hence the respectively corresponding ink liquids are supplied to the respective heads. The ink storing and loading unit  74  comprises a warning device (for example, a display device or an alarm sound generator) for warning when the remaining amount of any liquid in the tank is low, and has a mechanism for preventing loading errors between different colors. 
     The inks are supplied from the respective ink tanks of the ink storing and loading unit  74  to the respective heads  22 Y,  22 M,  22 C and  22 K, and droplets of the respectively corresponding colored inks are ejected respectively onto the image forming surface  12 A of the intermediate transfer body  12 , from the respective heads  22 Y,  22 M,  22 C and  22 K. 
       FIG. 2  is a diagram showing a plan diagram of the print unit  22 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , the respective heads  22 Y,  22 M,  22 C,  22 K are each formed as full line type heads, which have a length corresponding to the maximum width of the image forming range of the intermediate transfer body  12 , and comprises a nozzle row in which a plurality of nozzles for ejecting ink (not shown in  FIG. 1 , indicated by reference numeral  81  in  FIGS. 3A and 3B ) arranged through the full width of the image forming region, provided in the ink ejection surface of the head. The respective heads  22 Y,  22 M,  22 C and  22 K are disposed in a fixed position so as to extend in the direction perpendicular to the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body. 
     According to a composition where a full line head having a nozzle row covering the whole width of the intermediate transfer body  12  is provided for each type of ejection liquid, it is possible to form an image (primary image) on the image forming region of the intermediate transfer body  12 , by performing just one operation of moving the intermediate transfer body  12  and the print unit  22  relatively in the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body  12  (the sub-scanning direction), (in other words, by means of one sub-scanning action). Therefore, it is possible to achieve a higher printing speed compared to a case which uses a serial (shuttle) type of head which moves back and forth reciprocally in the direction perpendicular to the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body (main scanning direction; see  FIG. 2 ), and hence it is possible to improve the print productivity. 
     Although a configuration with the four standard colors of C, M, Y and K is described in the present embodiment, the combinations of the ink colors and the number of colors are not limited to those. Light and/or dark inks, and special color inks can be added as required. For example, a configuration is possible in which ink heads for ejecting light-colored inks, such as light cyan and light magenta, are added, and there is no particular restriction on the arrangement sequence of the heads of the respective colors. 
     Structure of the Head 
     Next, the structure of respective heads will be described. The heads  22 Y,  22 M,  22 C and  22 K of the respective ink colors have the same structure, and a reference numeral  80  is hereinafter designated to any of the heads. 
       FIG. 3A  is a plan view perspective diagram showing an example of the composition of a head  80  and  FIG. 3B  is an enlarged diagram of a portion of same. In order to achieve a high density of the dot pitch printed onto the surface of the recording medium  14 , it is necessary to achieve a high density of the nozzle pitch in the head  80 . As shown in  FIGS. 3A and 3B , the head  80  according to the present embodiment has a structure in which a plurality of ink chamber units (liquid droplet ejection elements forming recording element units)  83 , each including a nozzle  81  forming an ink ejection port, a pressure chamber  82  corresponding to the nozzle  81 , and the like, are disposed (two-dimensionally) in the form of a staggered matrix, and hence the effective nozzle interval (the projected nozzle pitch) as projected in the lengthwise direction of the head (the direction perpendicular to the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body  12 ) is reduced (high nozzle density is achieved). 
     The mode of composing one or more nozzle rows through a length corresponding to the full width of the image forming region of the intermediate transfer body  12  in the direction, (in other words, in the direction indicated by arrow M in  FIGS. 3A and 3B ), substantially perpendicular to conveyance direction (arrow S in  FIGS. 3A and 3B ) of the intermediate transfer body  12 , is not limited to the example shown in  FIGS. 3A and 3B . For example, instead of the composition in  FIG. 3A , as shown in  FIG. 4 , a line head having nozzle rows of a length corresponding to the entire width of the image forming region of the intermediate transfer body  12  can be formed by arranging and combining, in a staggered matrix, short head modules  80 ′ each having a plurality of nozzles  81  arrayed in a two-dimensional fashion. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 3A and 3B , the planar shape of the pressure chamber  82  provided corresponding to each nozzle  81  is substantially a square shape, and an outlet port to the nozzle  81  is provided at one of the ends of a diagonal line of the planar shape, while an inlet port (supply port)  84  for supplying ink is provided at the other end thereof. The shape of the pressure chamber  82  is not limited to that of the present embodiment and various modes are possible in which the planar shape is a quadrilateral shape (diamond shape, rectangular shape, or the like), a pentagonal shape, a hexagonal shape, or other polygonal shape, or a circular shape, elliptical shape, or the like. 
       FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional diagram (along line  5 - 5  in  FIG. 3A ) showing the three-dimensional composition of the liquid droplet ejection element of one channel which forms a recording element unit in the head  80  (an ink chamber unit corresponding to one nozzle  81 ). 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , each pressure chamber  82  is connected to a common flow passage  84  via the supply port  85 . The common flow channel  85  is connected to an ink tank (not shown in  FIG. 5 , but equivalent to reference numeral  74  in  FIG. 1 ), which is a base tank that supplies ink, and the ink supplied from the ink tank is supplied through the common flow channel  85  to the pressure chambers  82 . 
     An actuator  88  provided with an individual electrode  87  is bonded onto a pressure plate (a diaphragm that also serves as a common electrode)  86  which forms the surface of one portion (in  FIG. 5 , the ceiling) of the pressure chambers  82 . When a drive voltage is applied to the individual electrode  87  and the common electrode, the actuator  88  deforms, thereby changing the volume of the pressure chamber  82 . This causes a pressure change which results in the ink being ejected from the nozzle  81 . For the actuator  88 , it is possible to adopt a piezoelectric element using a piezoelectric body, such as lead zirconate titanate, barium titanate, or the like. When the displacement of the actuator  88  returns to its original position after ejecting ink, the pressure chamber  85  is replenished with new ink from the common flow channel  84 , via the supply port  82 . 
     By controlling the driving of the actuators  88  corresponding to the nozzles  81  in accordance with the dot data generated from the input image by a digital half-toning process, it is possible to eject ink droplets from the nozzles  81 . By controlling the ink ejection timing from the nozzles  81  in accordance with the speed of conveyance of the intermediate transfer body  12 , while conveying the intermediate transfer body  12  in the sub-scanning direction at a uniform speed, it is possible to record a desired image (here, a primary image before transfer) onto the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 6 , the high-density nozzle head according to the present embodiment is achieved by arranging a plurality of ink chamber units  83  having the above-described structure in a lattice fashion based on a fixed arrangement pattern, in a row direction which coincides with the main scanning direction, and a column direction which is inclined at a fixed angle of θ with respect to the main scanning direction, rather than being perpendicular to the main scanning direction. 
     More specifically, by adopting a structure in which a plurality of ink chamber units  83  are arranged at a uniform pitch d in line with a direction forming an angle of θ with respect to the main scanning direction, the pitch P of the nozzles projected (normally) to an alignment in the main scanning direction is d×cos θ, and hence it is possible to treat the nozzles  81  as if they were arranged linearly at a uniform pitch of P. By adopting a composition of this kind, it is possible to achieve higher density of the effective nozzle rows when projected to an alignment in the main scanning direction. 
     In a full-line head comprising rows of nozzles that have a length corresponding to the entire width of the image recordable width, the “main scanning” is defined as printing one line (a line formed of a row of dots, or a line formed of a plurality of rows of dots) in the width direction of the intermediate transfer body  12  (the direction perpendicular to the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body  12 ) by driving the nozzles in one of the following ways: (1) simultaneously driving all the nozzles; (2) sequentially driving the nozzles from one side toward the other; and (3) dividing the nozzles into blocks and sequentially driving the nozzles from one side toward the other in each of the blocks. 
     In particular, when the nozzles  81  arranged in a matrix such as that shown in  FIG. 6  are driven, the main scanning according to the above-described (3) is preferred. More specifically, the nozzles  81 - 11 ,  81 - 12 ,  81 - 13 ,  81 - 14 ,  81 - 15  and  81 - 16  are treated as a block (additionally; the nozzles  81 - 21 , . . . ,  81 - 26  are treated as another block; the nozzles  81 - 31 , . . . ,  81 - 36  are treated as another block; . . . ); and one line is printed in the width direction of the intermediate transfer body  12  by sequentially driving the nozzles  81 - 11 ,  81 - 12 , . . . ,  81 - 16  in accordance with the conveyance velocity of the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
     On the other hand, “sub-scanning” is defined as to repeatedly perform printing of one line (a line formed of a row of dots, or a line formed of a plurality of rows of dots) formed by the main scanning, while moving the full-line head and the intermediate transfer body  12  relatively to each other. 
     The direction indicated by one line (or the lengthwise direction of a band-shaped region) recorded by main scanning as described above is called the “main scanning direction”, and the direction in which sub-scanning is performed, is called the “sub-scanning direction”. In other words, in the present embodiment, the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body  12  is called the sub-scanning direction and the direction perpendicular to same is called the main scanning direction. In implementing the present invention, the arrangement of the nozzles is not limited to that of the example shown. 
     Moreover, a method is employed in the present embodiment where an ink droplet is ejected by means of the deformation of the actuator  88 , which is typically a piezoelectric element; however, in implementing the present invention, the method used for discharging ink is not limited in particular, and instead of the piezo jet method, it is also possible to apply various types of methods, such as a thermal jet method where the ink is heated and bubbles are caused to form therein by means of a heat generating body such as a heater, ink droplets being ejected by means of the pressure applied by these bubbles. 
     Preparation of Aggregation Treatment Agent 
     Treatment Liquid Example 1 
     A treatment liquid (Example 1) is prepared according to the composition shown in Table 1. Thereupon, the physical properties of the treatment liquid (Example 1) thus obtained were measured, and the pH was 3.6, the surface tension was 28.0 mN/m, and the viscosity was 3.1 mPa·s. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Material 
                 Weight % 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid (made by Tokyo 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                 Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 
               
               
                   
                 Lithium hydroxide-hydride (made by Wako 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                 Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 
               
               
                   
                 Olfine E1010 (made by Nissin 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 
               
               
                   
                 Deionized water 
                 87 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Treatment Liquid Example 2 
     Moreover, a treatment liquid (Example 2) containing a surfactant is prepared according to the composition shown in Table 2. Thereupon, the physical properties of the treatment liquid (Example 2) thus obtained were measured, and the pH was 3.5, the surface tension was 18.0 mN/m, and the viscosity was 10.1 mPa·s. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Material 
                 Weight % 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid (made by 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                 Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 
               
               
                   
                 Lithium hydroxide-hydride (made by Wako 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                 Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 
               
               
                   
                 Olfine E1010 (made by Nissin 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 
               
               
                   
                 Fluorine surfactant 1 
                 3 
               
               
                   
                 Deionized water 
                 84 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The chemical formula of the fluorine surfactant 1 used in (Table 2) is as follows. 
                         
Preparation of Ink
 
     An example of the preparation of an ink used in the present embodiment is described below. 
     &lt;Preparation of (Polymer Dispersion) Cyan Ink&gt; 
     A solution comprising 6 parts by weight of styrene, 11 parts by weight of stearyl methacrylate, 4 parts by weight of styrene macromer AS-6 (made by Toa Gosei Co., Ltd.), 5 parts by weight of “Premmer” PP-500 (made by NOF Corp.), 5 parts by weight of methacrylic acid, 0.05 parts by weight of 2-mercaptoethanol, and 24 parts by weight of methylethyl ketone was prepared in a reaction vessel. 
     On the other hand, a mixed solution was prepared by introducing, into a titration funnel, 14 parts by weight of styrene, 24 parts by weight of stearyl methacrylate, 9 parts by weight of styrene macromer AS-6 (made by Toa Gosei), 9 parts by weight of “Premmer” PP-500 (made by NOF Corp.), 10 parts by weight of methacrylic acid, 0.13 parts by weight of 2-mercaptoethanol, 56 parts by weight of methylethyl ketone, and 1.2 parts by weight of 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethyl valeronitrile). 
     Thereupon, the mixed solution inside the reaction vessel was raised to a temperature of 75° C. while being agitated, in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixed solution in the titration funnel was gradually added by titration over a period of one hour. When two hours had passed after the end of titration, a solution obtained by dissolving 1.2 parts by weight of 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethyl valeronitrile) in 12 parts by weight of methylethyl ketone was added by titration over a period of 3 hours, and the mixture was matured for a further two hours at 75° C. and two hours at 80° C., thereby yielding a polymer dispersant solution. 
     A portion of the polymer dispersant solution thus obtained was separated by removing the solvent, and the resulting solid component was diluted to 0.1 wt % with tetrahydrofuran, and then measured with a high-speed GPC (gel permeation chromatography) apparatus HLC-822200PC, using three sequential columns: TSKgel Super HZM-H, TSKgel Super HZ4000, TSKgel Super HZ2000. The weight-average molecular weight was 25,000, when indicated as the weight of a polystyrene molecule. 
     5.0 g, by solid conversion, of the obtained polymer dispersant, 10.0 g of the cyan pigment, Pigment Blue 15:3 (made by Dainichiseika Color and Chemicals Mfg.), 40.0 g of methylethyl ketone, 8.0 g of 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide, 82.0 g of deionized water, and 300 g of 0.1 mm zirconia beads were supplied to a vessel, and dispersed for 6 hours at 1000 rpm in a “Ready Mill” dispersion machine (made by IMEX). The dispersion thus obtained was condensed at reduced pressure in an evaporator until the methyl ethyl ketone had been sufficiently removed, and the pigment density become 10%. The pigment particle size of the cyan dispersion liquid thus obtained was 77 nm. 
     Using this cyan dispersion, an ink was prepared to achieve the composition shown in Table 3, and the prepared ink was then passed through a 5 μm filter to remove coarse particles, thereby obtaining a cyan ink (C1-1). Thereupon, the physical properties of the cyan ink C1-1 thus obtained were measured, and the pH was 9.0, the surface tension was 32.9 mN/m, and the viscosity was 3.9 mPa·s. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Material 
                 Weight % 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Cyan pigment (Pigment Blue 15:3) made by 
                 4 
               
               
                   
                 Dainichiseika Color and Chemicals Mfg Co., Ltd. 
               
               
                   
                 Polymer dispersant 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                 Latex LX-2 
                 8 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerine (made by Wako Pure Chemical 
                 20 
               
               
                   
                 Industries Co., Ltd.) 
               
               
                   
                 Diethylene glycol (made by Wako Pure 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                 Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.) 
               
               
                   
                 Olfine E1010 (made by Nissin 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 
               
               
                   
                 Deionized water 
                 65 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Magenta, yellow and black inks were also prepared in a similar fashion to the above. 
     Additional Polymer 
     Particles of a polymer resin, or the like, are added to the treatment liquid (aggregation treatment liquid) and ink described above, as appropriate. In the treatment liquid, it is desirable to introduce particles having a particle size of 1 μm through 5 μm and a melting point of 60° C. through 120° C., in order to stabilize the coloring material and improve transfer performance, whereas in the ink, it is desirable to introduce particles having a particle size of 1 μm or less and a glass transition temperature of 40° C. through 60° C., at a ratio of 1% through 5%, in order to fix the image. A compositional example is shown in Table 4. 
                                         TABLE 4                       Particle                           diameter   Tg   MFT   Tm       Category   Composition   [μm]   [° C.]   [° C.]   [° C.]                                                        Aggregation   Low-molecular-weight   4   —   —   110       treatment   ethylene       agent (LX-1)   Low-molecular-weight   1   —   —   110           ethylene           Paraffin wax   0.3   —   —   66       Ink (LX-2)   Acrylic   0.12   47   65   —           Styrene acrylic   0.07   49   46   —               Tg: glass transition temperature;       Tm: melting point            
Composition of Treatment Liquid Application Unit
 
&lt;First Compositional Example of Liquid Application Apparatus&gt;
 
       FIG. 7  is a compositional diagram showing a liquid application apparatus according to a first compositional example used in the treatment liquid coating unit  16 . In  FIG. 7 , the intermediate transfer body  12  is conveyed from the left-hand side toward the right-hand side. The liquid application apparatus  100  shown in  FIG. 7  is an apparatus which applies treatment liquid selectively to a prescribed region of the intermediate transfer body  12 , by pressing the gravure roller  38  against the intermediate transfer body  12  which is being conveyed, and driving the gravure roller  38  to rotate at a prescribed uniform speed in the opposite direction (namely, in the counter-clockwise direction in  FIG. 7 ) of the direction of conveyance of the intermediate transfer body  12 . In the present embodiment, the liquid application apparatus  100  controls the application region in conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body. 
     In the liquid application apparatus  100  according to the present embodiment, the treatment liquid is suctioned up by a supply pump  104  from a treatment liquid supply tank  102  which stores the treatment liquid, and the treatment liquid is introduced into a treatment liquid container  40 . A drain flow channel  106  is provided at a prescribed height above the lower surface of the treatment liquid container  40 , and since overflowing liquid is returned to the treatment liquid supply tank  102  via the drain flow channel  106 , then the height of the liquid surface of the treatment liquid  108  in the treatment liquid container  40  is kept at a uniform height. 
     The gravure roller  38  is an application roller in which a plurality of highly precise cells (see  FIGS. 8A and 8B ) are cut into the surface of the roller at a prescribed density, in a pyramid shape, or lattice shape (truncated square cone shape). The gravure roller  38  has a length (width dimension) which is not less than the width dimension of the application receiving surface of the intermediate transfer body  12 . There are no particular restrictions of the mode of arrangement of the cells on the roller surface, and a desirable mode is one in which the cells are aligned in an oblique direction which is not perpendicular to the direction of rotation. The shape, depth, volume and density of the cells are determined appropriately in accordance with the amount of liquid which is to be applied (the thickness of the liquid film after application). The gravure roller may also be called an anilox roller, or a precision roller. 
     As indicated in  FIG. 7 , a portion of the gravure roller  38  (the portion on the lower side in  FIG. 7 ) is immersed in the treatment liquid  108  stored in the treatment liquid container  40 , and therefore the treatment liquid enters inside the cells and the treatment liquid adheres to the surface of the roller. 
     A squeegee blade  110  is erected inside the treatment liquid container  40  as a device for wiping away an excess of the treatment liquid from the surface of the gravure roller  38 . The front end portion of the squeegee blade  110  is disposed so as to contact the gravure roller  38 , and this front end portion is impelled in a direction which presses against the circumferential surface of the gravure roller  38 . This impelling force may be caused by the elastic deformation of the squeegee blade  110  itself, or it may be applied from an external source by using a spring or other impelling member (not shown). 
     By wiping away the excess of the treatment liquid with the squeegee blade  110 , while rotating the gravure roller  38  which has been immersed in the treatment liquid  108 , only the treatment liquid which is held inside the cells remains on the gravure roller  38  after the action of the squeegee blade  110 . 
     Furthermore, in the present embodiment, from the viewpoint of controlling the application range of the treatment liquid in the direction of conveyance of the intermediate transfer body  12 , in the liquid application apparatus  100 , a shielding member  112  is disposed to the downstream side of the squeegee blade  110  in terms of the direction of rotation of the gravure roller  38 , so as to narrow (restrict) the opening range of the surface of the gravure roller  38  in the direction of rotation, and furthermore, a substitute fluid spraying unit  114  is provided which sprays a liquid, such as water, or a gas such as air (below, these are referred to jointly as “substitute fluid”), from an oblique upward direction as shown in  FIG. 7 , onto the surface of the gravure roller  38  which is exposed between the shielding member  112  and the squeegee blade  110  (namely, in the opening range described above). 
     The substitute fluid spraying unit  114  has a spraying range whereby a substitute fluid is sprayed onto the whole width of the gravure roller  38 . By spraying a substitute fluid from the substitute fluid spraying unit  114 , the treatment liquid is removed from the cells of the gravure roller  38 . In other words, if a liquid is used as a substitute fluid, then the treatment liquid in the cells is substituted with the liquid of the substitute fluid. On the other hand, if gas is used, such as an air spray, for instance, then the treatment liquid is blown away from inside the cells (the treatment liquid is substituted with air). 
     By controlling the range in which the treatment liquid is removed from the gravure roller  38  by spraying a substitute fluid, it is possible to control the application range of the treatment liquid on the intermediate transfer body  12  (the region in the direction of conveyance of the intermediate transfer body). By spraying the substitute fluid selectively onto the range corresponding to the non-image forming unit on the intermediate transfer body  12 , the treatment liquid is not applied onto the non-image forming sections on the intermediate transfer body  12 , and therefore the treatment liquid can be applied only onto the image forming section thereof (see  FIG. 16 ). 
     According to this mode, it is possible to control application of the treatment liquid onto unwanted regions, and even when the image is transferred onto the cut paper, it is possible to prevent the aggregation treatment liquid to adhere to the pressurization roller  48 . Consequently, the operation of the apparatus is stabilized, and the reliability over time in terms of soiling and corrosion is improved. 
     It is desirable if a liquid-repelling treatment is provided on the surface of the gravure roller  38  (and in particular, the recess sections thereof), such as an electroless PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) eutectic plating or PFA (paraformaldehyde) coating, thereby setting the surface energy to approximately 25 mN/m (=mJ/m 2 ) through 40 mN/m, since this improves the mold separating characteristics of the aggregation treatment agent, and since the surface tension of the aggregation treatment agent is a low value of 18 mN/m (=mJ/m 2 ) through 28 mN/m (see Table 1 and Table 2), then it is also possible to ensure good application characteristics. 
     Although a desirable mode is one in which the rotational drive device of the gravure roller  38  (not shown) uses direct drive by an inverter motor (direct shaft coupling), it is not limited to this mode, and it is also possible to use a combination of various types of motor and a reduction gear device, or a combination of various types of motor and a wound transmission device, such as a timing belt. 
     Moreover, the gravure roller  38  is supported movably in the vertical direction in  FIG. 7  by means of a movement mechanism (abutment/separation mechanism), which is not shown in  FIG. 7 , and therefore it can be controlled and switched between a state where the gravure roller  38  is pressed against the intermediate transfer body  12  (the nip state shown in  FIG. 7 ), and a state where it has been separated (retracted) from the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
     The pressing rollers  116  and  118  are disposed on the opposite side of the gravure roller  38  (the upper side in  FIG. 7 ), via the intermediate transfer body  12 . The two pressing rollers  116  and  118  are disposed in parallel alignment at a prescribed interval apart in the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body  12 , and the gravure roller  38  is disposed approximately at the midpoint between the two pressing rollers  116  and  118  in the direction of conveyance of the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 7 , during application, the gravure roller  38  is pressed against the intermediate transfer body  12 , and the intermediate transfer body  12  is pressed up between the pressing rollers  116  and  118 . The intermediate transfer body  12  between the pressing rollers  116  and  118  is bent so as to follow the upper circumferential surface of the gravure roller  38 , and hence the contact with respect to the gravure roller  38  is improved and the contact surface area can also be guaranteed. By controlling the amount by which the gravure roller  38  is pressed against the intermediate transfer body  12 , it is possible to adjust the angle of bending of the intermediate transfer body  12  with respect to the gravure roller  38 . 
     By conveying the intermediate transfer body  12  at a uniform speed in this nipped state and causing the gravure roller  38  to rotate in reverse with respect to the direction of conveyance of the intermediate transfer body, a thin film having a uniform film thickness can be applied to the image forming surface  12 A of the intermediate transfer body  12  which forms the liquid application receiving member. In this case, the pressing rollers  116  and  118  rotate in a direction of rotation which follows the direction of conveyance, in accordance with the conveyance of the intermediate transfer body  12 . Furthermore, by separating the gravure roller  38  when not performing application, for instance, during standby, cleaning by the first cleaning unit  30  or the second cleaning unit  32  can be carried out stably, and damage to the intermediate transfer body  12  can be reduced. 
     In the liquid application apparatus  100  according to the present embodiment, in particular, if the density of the cells in the gravure roller  38  is set to 100 through 250 lines per inch, then the visibility of the application pattern is low, and a thin film can be applied to a uniform application thickness of approximately 1 μm through 25 μm. Moreover, if the density of the cells is set to 150 through 200 lines per inch, then it is possible to form a uniform liquid film having a thickness of approximately 2 μm through 10 μm, and hence there is no flow of liquid on the intermediate transfer body, which is even more desirable since it produces good fixing properties when ink droplets are deposited. 
     The application member is not limited to being a gravure roller  38 , and as shown in  FIG. 8C , it is also possible to use a spiral roller  39  having spiral-shaped grooves formed in the surface thereof (for example, a coating bar, or commonly known wire bar, such as “D-Bar” (trade name) made by OSG Corp.) The shape, pitch “a” and depth “b” of the grooves in the spiral roller  39  are selected appropriately in accordance with the amount (the thickness of the liquid film after application) of liquid that is to be applied. For example, in the case of the liquid application apparatus  100  according to the present embodiment, a suitable spiral roller is one having a pitch a=0.08 mm through 0.2 mm, and a groove depth b=5 μm through 20 μm. 
     Moreover, in the liquid application apparatus  100  according to the present embodiment, the squeegee blade  110  and the substitute fluid spraying unit  120  are disposed in such a manner that the treatment liquid which has been removed by spraying of the substitute fluid flows and drops in substantially the downward direction along the squeegee blade  110 , from the spraying position. In other words, in  FIG. 7 , the front end portion of the squeegee blade  110  abuts against approximately the three o&#39;clock position on the gravure roller  38 , and the liquid removed from the gravure roller  38  (if the substitute fluid is a liquid, then the removed liquid also is mixed liquid of the treatment liquid and the substitute fluid) by the substitute fluid which is sprayed onto the region between the squeegee blade  110  and the shielding member  112  flow down substantially in the direction of gravity, along the inclined surface  110 A of the squeegee blade  110 . By this means, liquid is prevented from being accumulated at the front end portion of the squeegee blade  110 , and scattering of the removed liquid can be prevented, while improving the controllability of the liquid removal process. 
     Furthermore, the squeegee blade  110  according to the present embodiment, also serves as a dividing member (partitioning member) which demarcates the interior of the treatment liquid container  40 . In  FIG. 7 , the region to the left-hand side of the squeegee blade  110  is the region where the treatment liquid  108  is stored (a portion which functions as an application liquid receptacle), and the region to the right-hand side of the squeegee blade  110  is a collection region for collecting the liquid which has been removed by means of the substitute fluid. A heater  122  for heating the treatment liquid is provided in the bottom portion of the region of the treatment liquid container  40  where the treatment liquid  108  is stored, and a treatment liquid outlet port  124  is also formed in this region. The treatment liquid outlet port  124  is connected via a treatment liquid discharge valve  126  to a treatment liquid collection tank  128 . 
     When the treatment liquid discharge valve  126  is opened, it is possible to remove the treatment liquid  108  from the treatment liquid container  40 , and by driving the liquid supply pump  104  with the treatment liquid discharge valve  126  closed, it is possible to incorporate the treatment liquid  108  into the treatment liquid container  40 . 
     On the other hand, a removed liquid outlet port  130  is formed in the bottom portion of the collection region for the removed liquid, which is demarcated by the squeegee blade  110 , and this removed liquid outlet port  130  is connected via a removed liquid discharge valve  132  to a removed liquid collection tank  134 . 
     In this way, by forming a partition by means of the squeegee blade  110 , it is possible to separate the aggregation treatment liquid and the removed liquid, as well as independently collecting the removed liquid. If air is used as the substitute fluid, then it is possible to remove the liquid by means of a simple composition, and furthermore, since the small amount of surfactant or high-boiling-point solvent left on the intermediate transfer body  12  after passing through the first cleaning unit  30  (see  FIG. 1 ) acts as a lubricant, then it is possible to prevent damage to the intermediate transfer body  12 , even in cases where the application liquid on the surface of the roller has been removed by using air. Moreover, it is also possible to take the liquid collected as the removed liquid, and to reuse it as the treatment liquid for application. 
     On the other hand, if liquid or a liquid mist is used as the substitute fluid, then the lubricating effect is enhanced, and in particular, if water, such as purified water, is used, then the aggregation treatment agent is effectively diluted and washed away, and in the case of an intermediate transfer body  12  having a low surface energy of approximately 15 mN/m through 30 mN/m (=mJ/m 2 ) as described above, the amount of aggregation treatment agent left adhering to the intermediate transfer body  12  is small, the intermediate transfer body  12  can be dried in an aggregation treatment agent heating unit, and therefore even more stable removal can be achieved. 
     To give one example of a spraying member used in the substitute fluid spraying unit  114 , in the case of an air spray, as shown in  FIG. 9 , a line spray  142  can be used in which nozzles  140  having a diameter of approximately 0.5 mm through 1 mm are arranged in the breadthways direction of a spraying surface, at a pitch of 1 mm through 3 mm. By arranging a plurality of line sprays  142  of this kind as shown in  FIG. 10 , a prescribed spray width is achieved, and a substantially uniform impact force of 500 mN through 1500 mN can be applied to the whole of the surface receiving the spray, in a pressure range of 0.1 MPa through 0.5 MPa. 
     Furthermore, in the case of a liquid spray, for example, it is possible to use a single-fluid flat spray nozzle having an orifice diameter of approximately 0.2 mm through 0.6 mm and a spray angle of 60° to 100°. As shown in  FIG. 11 , since the flat spray nozzle sprays fluid at a spray angle of α, then the effective spray width W sp  of the spray range  148  is governed by the distance L between the ejection surface of the nozzle body  144  and the spray receiving surface  146 . The flat spray nozzle is not limited to a mode where a single nozzle is used, and it is also possible to use a plurality of flat spray nozzles arranged in the breadthways direction of the gravure roller  38 . In this case, it is possible to control the removal process in the breadthways direction, as well as the conveyance direction. 
     According to the inkjet recording apparatus  10  which comprises the liquid application apparatus  100  according to the present embodiment, when the apparatus is halted or at standby, the treatment liquid discharge valve  126  is opened, the treatment liquid  108  is removed from the treatment liquid container  40 , thereby ending the immersed state of the gravure roller  38 , and the gravure roller  38  is then caused to rotate while spraying the substitute fluid for a prescribed period of time. Thereby, the treatment liquid is removed reliably from the roller surface, thus preventing solidification of residual treatment liquid or modification of the roller surface due to the residual treatment liquid, and hence stable operation of the apparatus can be achieved. 
     &lt;Second Compositional Example of Liquid Application Apparatus&gt; 
     Next, a second compositional example of the liquid application apparatus used in the treatment liquid application unit  16  will be described. The spray angle of the single-fluid flat spray nozzle described above can be controlled by adjusting the spray pressure. Furthermore, even if using a pressurized two-fluid flat spray nozzle (a two-fluid air atomizing nozzle) which sprays minute particles created by mixing air and liquid, it is also possible to control the spray angle by controlling a combination of the air pressure and the liquid flow rate. 
     It is possible to apply the treatment liquid to the gravure roller by using a spray nozzle which has a variable spray angle in this way. In so doing, it is possible to adjust not only the application range of the treatment liquid in the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body but also the application width of the treatment liquid in the breadthways direction which is perpendicular to the conveyance direction, without having to arrange a plurality of removal nozzles in the breadthways direction. 
       FIG. 12  is a diagram showing a liquid application apparatus according to the second compositional example of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 12 , the liquid application apparatus of the second compositional example is an apparatus in which the application range can be adjusted both in the breadthways direction and the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body  12 . In  FIG. 12 , members which are the same as or similar to the composition described in  FIG. 7  are labeled with the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted here. 
     The liquid application apparatus  150  according to the second compositional example shown in  FIG. 12  includes a treatment liquid spraying unit  152  as a device for applying a treatment liquid to the gravure roller  38 . A single-fluid flat spray nozzle in which the spray angle can be adjusted, or a pressurized two-fluid flat spray nozzle, is used as the spraying member of the treatment liquid spraying unit  152 . More specifically, the nozzle used is, for example, a single-fluid flat spray nozzle having an orifice diameter of approximately 0.2 mm through 0.4 mm and a spray angle of 60° through 100°, or a pressurized two-fluid flat spray nozzle of similar size. 
     As shown in  FIG. 12 , the treatment liquid spraying unit  152  sprays the treatment liquid toward the vicinity of the front end of the squeegee blade  110  from below the gravure roller  38 . In this case, the spraying pressure is controlled in such a manner that the spraying angle is set so as to achieve an application width which matches the width of the image forming region. 
     As shown in  FIG. 13 , the liquid spray pattern achieved by the flat spray creates a liquid amount distribution in the breadthways direction. Furthermore, the spray amount (flow rate) varies depending on the spraying pressure. However, in the case of the present embodiment, since excess treatment liquid is removed by the squeegee blade  110 , in such a manner that the liquid can be applied in a paper width range which is broader than the width of the effective image area, then it is possible to keep the amount of the treatment liquid applied onto the gravure roller  38  to a stable amount, and it is possible to achieve uniform application with a controlled application width. 
     As shown in  FIG. 12 , similarly to the first compositional example, the liquid application apparatus  150  includes the substitute fluid spraying unit  114 . As described in the first compositional example, the substitute fluid spraying unit  114  selectively removes the treatment liquid in respect of the circumferential direction of the gravure roller  38 . 
     Furthermore, similarly to the first compositional example, the squeegee blade  110  in  FIG. 12  also serves as a partition for the treatment liquid container  40 , and functions as a member for separating the treatment liquid which has been wiped away from the gravure roller  38  and the removed liquid which has been removed by means of the substitute fluid. 
     According to the liquid application apparatus of the second compositional example having the composition described above, the treatment liquid application width in the breadthways direction is controlled by means of the treatment liquid spraying unit  152 , and the treatment liquid application range in the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body (the circumferential direction of the gravure roller  38 ) is controlled by the substitute fluid spraying unit  114 . 
       FIG. 14  is an illustrative diagram showing a schematic drawing of the relationship between the treatment liquid spraying unit  152  and the substitute fluid spraying unit  114 . As shown in  FIG. 14 , the nozzle of the treatment liquid spraying unit  152  can be switched between at least two different spray widths (spraying ranges in the breadthways direction).  FIG. 14  shows an example in which two spray widths are achieved on the basis of the strength of the spraying pressure, but it is also possible to adopt a mode in which three or more spray widths are achieved, in accordance with the different sizes of the recording medium  14 . Information relating to the recording medium  14  may be acquired automatically by means of a sensor, or the like, or it may be inputted by the operator. 
     The nozzle of the substitute fluid spraying unit  114  has a spraying width which is larger than the maximum spraying width of the treatment liquid spraying unit  152  (in the case shown in  FIG. 14 , the spraying width when the spray pressure is high). Since the spraying width of the substitute fluid spraying unit  114  does not need to be controlled, then the spraying pressure is uniform, and the substitute fluid may be controlled simply between a spray on and a spray off state. In the present embodiment, the spraying width of the substitute fluid spraying unit  114  is fixed, from the viewpoint of simplifying the composition of the apparatus, but it is also possible to adopt a composition which switches the spraying width of the substitute fluid spraying unit  114 , in accordance with the switching of the spraying width of the treatment liquid spraying unit  152 . 
       FIG. 15  is a diagram showing a compositional example of a liquid supply system in a case where a gas (air) is used as the substitute fluid. The nozzle body  160  of the substitute fluid spraying unit  114  is connected to a compressor  170 , via an electromagnetic valve  162 , a manual valve  164 , and a precision regulator  168 . The compressed air from the compressor  170  is kept to a prescribed pressure by the precision regulator  168 , and the air spray from the nozzle body  160  is switched on and off by switching the electromagnetic valve  162  on and off. By this means, the air spray pressure from the nozzle body  160  is uniform, and a prescribed spraying width is achieved. 
     The nozzle body  180  of the treatment liquid spraying unit  152  is connected to the liquid layer  186  in a pressure container  185  via an electromagnetic valve  182 , a temperature adjuster  183 , and a manual valve  184 . The liquid for spraying (in the present embodiment, the treatment liquid) is stored inside a sealed pressure container  185 , and the gas layer  187  in the pressure container  185  is connected to the compressor  170  via a precision regulator  188  which enables the pressure to be changed and controlled. 
     The pressure of the liquid supplied from the pressure container  185  is adjusted by changing the pressure inside the pressure container  185  by means of the variable precision regulator  188 . The liquid conveyed out from the pressure container  185  is heated to a prescribed temperature by the temperature adjuster  183 , and is supplied to the nozzle body  180  via the electromagnetic valve  182 . The spray of liquid from the nozzle body  180  is switched on and off by switching the electromagnetic valve  182  on and off, and the spraying pressure, in other words, the spraying width from the nozzle body  180 , is changed by controlling the pressure of the variable precision regulator  188 . If a two-fluid air atomizing nozzle is used as the nozzle body  180  of the treatment liquid spraying unit  152 , then compressed air is supplied to the air supply unit  189  of the nozzle body  180  via the regulator (not shown). 
     Although the supply system in a case where a liquid is used as the substitute fluid is not described in detail, a liquid supply system similar to that of the treatment liquid is used instead of the air supply system to the nozzle body  160  shown in  FIG. 15  (although pressure control is not required). 
       FIG. 16  is a diagram showing examples of the control of the application of treatment liquid onto the intermediate transfer body  12  by means of the composition according to the first compositional example and the second compositional example described above. In  FIG. 16 , two types of application control are exemplified, one of which is a control example 1 which controls the application range (application surface area) in the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body  12  by adopting the first compositional example, and the other of which is a control example 2 which controls the application range in both the breadthways direction and conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body  12  by adopting the second compositional example. 
     The intermediate transfer body  12  has a width which is greater than the region of the effective image unit  192  in which the primary image which is the object for transfer is formed, and the treatment liquid is applied to a region which is broader that the effective image unit  192  (the region of the application unit which corresponds to the recording medium size indicated by reference numeral  194 ). 
       FIG. 16  also shows the control timing for the substitute fluid spray according to the first compositional example and the second compositional example (which corresponds to the on/off control timing of the electromagnetic valve  162  shown in  FIG. 15 ). Moreover,  FIG. 16  also shows the control of the application of application liquid (treatment liquid) to the gravure roller according to the first compositional example and the second compositional example. 
     As shown in  FIG. 16 , the application liquid (treatment liquid) is temporarily applied uniformly and continuously on the actual gravure roller  38 , and the application range of the treatment liquid is ultimately controlled in the conveyance direction by controlling the spraying of the substitute fluid (i.e., the treatment liquid that has been temporarily applied on the intermediate transfer body is selectively removed by means of the substitute fluid). 
     Furthermore, in the composition of the liquid application apparatus  150  according to the second compositional example, the spraying pressure of the treatment liquid spraying unit  152  is controlled in accordance with the change in the size of the recording medium  14 , and hence the application range in the breadthways direction is changed accordingly. 
     According to the liquid application apparatuses  100  and  150  of the first and second compositional examples, the following action and beneficial effects are obtained. 
     (1) Since a composition is adopted in which a substitute fluid is sprayed onto a partial region (the region corresponding to the non-image forming section) of the gravure roller  38  onto which the application liquid (the treatment liquid in the present embodiment) has been temporarily applied, thereby removing (substituting) the application liquid which has been applied on the region, then it is possible selectively to remove the application liquid (treatment liquid) which has been applied to the non-image forming section. 
     Furthermore, since the spraying of the substitute fluid is carried out with a spraying width which is greater than the application width of the treatment liquid, in respect of the portions of the intermediate transfer body  12  corresponding to the non-image forming region, then the treatment liquid can be removed infallibly. 
     (2) Since the shape and arrangement of the squeegee blade  110  and the arrangement of the substitute fluid spraying unit are devised in such a manner that the excess application liquid removed by spraying a substitute fluid, and the sprayed fluid, flow down along the squeegee blade  110 , then stagnation of the application liquid at the front end portion of the squeegee blade  110  which abuts against the gravure roller  38  is not liable to occur, thus preventing adhesion and making it possible to achieve good control of the liquid removal in the direction of rotation. 
     (3) Since a partition of the treatment liquid container  40  is formed by means of the squeegee blade  110  itself, and an independent outlet port (the liquid collection ports indicated by the reference numerals  124  and  130 ) are provided respectively for each space demarcated by the partition, then it is possible to separate the application liquid which has been wiped away by the squeegee blade  110  and the liquid which has been removed by the substitute fluid (if the substitute fluid is a liquid, then a mixed liquid of the removed application liquid and the substitute fluid), and the respective liquids can be collected independently. 
     (4) By setting the conditions in such a manner that the liquid which is sprayed as a substitute fluid has a surface tension of 60 mN/m through 80 mN/m (water which does not contain a surfactant, such as distilled water), and the surface energy of the intermediate transfer body is 15 mN/m through 30 mN/m (=mJ/m 2 ), then the surface tension of the substitute fluid is greater than the surface energy of the intermediate transfer body, and consequently it is possible to reduce the amount of substitute fluid applied to the intermediate transfer body, and effective dilution and removal of the application liquid component can be achieved. Moreover, in an intermediate transfer body having low surface energy, the amount of liquid applied is low and removal by means of heating is also possible. 
     (5) By adopting a composition in which the application of the application liquid onto the gravure roller  38  is carried out by liquid spraying from a flat spray (a flat-shaped line spray), as described in the second compositional example, then it is possible to control the application width by means of controlling the spraying pressure, as well as controlling the opening slit by means of the squeegee blade  110  and the shielding member  112 . 
     In particular, in a mode which carries out a liquid spray by means of a flat spray nozzle, onto the intermediate transfer body  12  after a liquid cleaning step performed by the first cleaning unit  30 , then since the residual thin film left after the liquid cleaning step forms a lubricating layer, it is possible to prevent abrasion with the intermediate transfer body  12  even in the portions of the gravure roller  38  where the application liquid is not applied. 
     (6) When not forming images, in other words, during standby or when the apparatus is halted, the application of application liquid to the gravure roller is halted (in the first compositional example, the liquid is removed from the treatment liquid container  40 , and in the second compositional example, the spraying of liquid from the treatment liquid spraying unit  152  is halted), and furthermore, the substitute fluid (gas or liquid) keeps to be sprayed for a prescribed period of time, thereby cleaning the surface of the gravure roller and making it possible to minimize solidification of the application liquid or corrosion caused by the components of the application liquid (in the present embodiment, acid). In particular, if a liquid having few impurities, such as distilled water, is used as the substitute fluid, then the cleaning becomes even more effective. 
     Composition of Solvent Removal Unit 
       FIG. 17  is an enlarged diagram of the solvent removal unit  24 . In  FIG. 17 , the intermediate transfer body  12  is conveyed from the right-hand side toward the left-hand side. As shown in  FIG. 17 , the solvent removal unit  24  includes a solvent removal roller  42  (roller member) which is arranged so as to abut against the intermediate transfer body  12  being conveyed. The solvent removal roller  42  is driven so as to rotate at a prescribed uniform speed in the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body  12  (the clockwise direction in  FIG. 17 ). 
     The solvent removal roller  42  employs a similar groove structure to that of the gravure roller  38  in the treatment liquid application unit  16 , and the solvent removal roller  42  retains (traps) the liquid in grooves (cells) on the surface of the roller by means of capillary action, or the like. More specifically, the solvent removal roller  42  is a gravure roller in which a plurality of highly precise cells (see  FIGS. 8A and 8B ) are cut at a prescribed density in an undulating fashion into the surface of the roller, in a pyramid shape, or lattice shape (truncated square cone shape). The solvent removal roller  42  has a width (width dimension) which is equal to or greater than the width dimension of the application receiving surface of the intermediate transfer body  12 . There are no particular restrictions of the mode of arrangement of the cells on the roller surface, and a desirable mode is one in which the cells are arranged in an oblique direction which is not perpendicular to the direction of rotation. The shape, depth, cell volume, density, and the like, of the cells are designed appropriately in accordance with the amount of liquid that is to be removed. 
       FIG. 18  is a diagram showing a visibility curve. In  FIG. 18 , the horizontal axis represents the spatial frequency and the vertical axis represents the density differential (ΔD) at the spatial frequency cycle. The visibility curve  600  shown in  FIG. 18  is a curve which shows the boundary at or above which a density non-uniformity is perceived. In the region above the visibility curve  600 , the density non-uniformity is readily visible, and on the other hand, in the region below the visibility curve  600 , the density non-uniformity is not readily visible. According to this visibility curve  600 , the density non-uniformities are readily visible at 30 lines to 50 lines (per inch), and visibility is especially marked in the medium density region. Therefore, it is preferable that the solvent removal roller  42  described above has the number of lines of the cells (recess sections) of 100 to 200 lines per inch. By this means, the trace of the cells becomes greater than the human visual frequency range, and it is therefore possible to maintain good image quality on the recording medium  14  due to the decline in the visibility. 
     Furthermore, in particular, if the cells have a lattice shape, then it is possible to increase the amount of solvent collected, and therefore the amount of solvent removed can also be increased. The recess sections may be formed in the shape of spiral-shaped groove (see  FIG. 8C ). In the case of a spiral-shaped groove, it is possible to collect a large amount of solvent by means of a simple shape. 
     The surface tension of the solvent is a low value of 20 to 30 mN/m, due to the aggregating treatment agent and the surfactant contained in the ink, and hence the wetting properties are good. Consequently, if the surface energy of the solvent removal roller  42  is set to be approximately 25 to 40 mN/m (=mJ/m 2 ) by providing a liquid-repelling treatment, such as an electroless PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) eutectic plating, or a PFA (paraformaldehyde) coating, on the surface of the solvent removal roller  42  (and in particular, in the recess sections), then it is possible to trap the solvent effectively due to the holding action of the cells and the effects of capillary action. 
     When the solvent removal roller  42  is caused to abut against the intermediate transfer body  12  which is being conveyed, the solvent (residual solvent) component which has separated from the aggregate body of the pigment enters inside the cells and is thereby collected. Consequently, the separated solvent (residual solvent) is removed from the pigment aggregate present on the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
     Moreover, a first squeegee blade  200  is arranged in a standing fashion on the downstream side of the abutment position of the solvent removal roller  42  against the intermediate transfer body  12  in terms of the direction of rotation of the solvent removal roller  42 , to serve as a device for wiping away the solvent from the surface of the solvent removal roller  42 . This first squeegee blade  200  is arranged in such a manner that the front end portion thereof contacts the solvent removal roller  42 , and this front end portion is impelled in a direction which presses against the circumferential surface of the solvent removal roller  42 . This impelling force may be caused by the elastic deformation of the first squeegee blade  200  itself, or it may be applied from an external source by using a spring or other impelling member (not illustrated). 
     Moreover, a shielding member  202  is arranged on the downstream side of the abutment position of the solvent removal roller  42  against the intermediate transfer body  12  in terms of the direction of rotation of the solvent removal roller  42 , and on the upstream side of the first squeegee blade  200  in terms of the direction of rotation of the solvent removal roller  42 , so as to narrow (restrict) the range of the opening over the surface of the solvent removal is roller  42  in the direction of rotation. Furthermore, a gas spray nozzle  45  (gas spraying device) is arranged which sprays a gas, such as air, from above with respect to the outer circumferential surface of the solvent removal roller  42  which is exposed between the shielding member  202  and the first squeegee blade  200  (the range of opening described above), as shown in  FIG. 17 . 
     The gas spray nozzle  45  has a spraying range whereby the gas is sprayed onto the whole width of the solvent removal roller  42 . By spraying gas from the gas spray nozzle  45 , the solvent is blown away and removed from the cells formed in the outer circumferential surface of the solvent removal roller  42 . 
     Moreover, a second squeegee blade  204  is arranged in a standing fashion on the downstream side of the first squeegee blade  200  in terms of the direction of rotation of the solvent removal roller  42 , to serve as a device for wiping away the solvent from the surface of the solvent removal roller  42 . A mist spray nozzle  43  (mist spraying device) is arranged which sprays a fluid in the form of a mist (hereinafter, called “mist”) including a gas (air, or the like) and a liquid, from approximately the upper right-hand direction with respect to surface of the solvent removal roller  42  which is exposed between the second squeegee blade  204  and the first squeegee blade  200 , as shown in  FIG. 17 . By changing the liquid content ratio in the liquid mist sprayed from the mist spraying nozzle  43 , it is possible to change the amount of liquid which is deposited on the surface of the solvent removal roller  42 . Consequently, it is also possible to spray only gas by setting the liquid content ratio in the liquid mist, to zero. 
     The mist spray nozzle  43  has a spraying range whereby the mist or gas is sprayed onto the whole width of the solvent removal roller  42 . By spraying the mist onto the solvent removal roller  42  from the mist spray nozzle  43 , the aggregating agent layer on the intermediate transfer body  12  which makes contact with the portion of the solvent removal roller  42  where mist has been sprayed is dissolved and diluted, and the collection of solvent by the solvent removal roller  42  is promoted, in particular in cases of images having a low ink volume (in cases of images including large white area). 
     Moreover, if the high-boiling-point solvent contained in the treatment liquid or the ink is added to the mist, then beneficial effects are obtained in preventing drying in the transfer step by the transfer unit  26  and the cleaning step by the first cleaning unit  30 . Furthermore, if the polymer micro-particles contained in the ink are also included in the mist, then it is possible to apply the polymer onto the whole of the paper, and therefore a uniform and stable texture is achieved on the paper to which the image is transferred. One example of the liquid contained in the mist is shown in Table 5. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Material 
                 Weight % 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Latex LX-2 
                 8 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerine (made by Wako Pure 
                 20 
               
               
                   
                 Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.) 
               
               
                   
                 Diethylene glycol (made by Wako 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                 Pure Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.) 
               
               
                   
                 Olfine E1010 (made by Nissin 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 
               
               
                   
                 Deionized water 
                 61 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Furthermore, it is also possible to spray only air from the mist spray nozzle  43 , as described above, and in this case, the solvent is blown away and removed from the cells of the solvent removal roller  42 . 
     A desirable mode is one in which the rotational drive device for the solvent removal roller  42  (not illustrated) uses direct drive by an inverter motor (direct shaft coupling), but it is not limited to this mode, and it is also possible to use a combination of various types of motor and a reduction gear device, or a combination of various types of motor and a wound transmission device, such as a timing belt. 
     Moreover, the solvent removal roller  42  is supported movably in the vertical direction in  FIG. 17  by means of a movement mechanism (abutment/separation mechanism), which is not illustrated, and the movement mechanism can be controlled to switch between a state where the solvent removal roller  42  is pressed against the intermediate transfer body  12  (the nip state shown in  FIG. 17 ), and a state where the solvent removal roller  42  has been separated (retracted) from the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
     A tensioning roller  34 B is arranged on the opposite side of the intermediate transfer body  12  with respect to the solvent removal roller  42 . 
     If the density of the cells in the solvent removal roller  42  is set to 100 to 200 lines per inch, then the visibility of the pattern of the cells of the solvent removal roller  42  on the transfer receiving medium is low, as described above, and a uniform thickness of the liquid layer can also be achieved. 
     Furthermore, the first squeegee blade  200  and the gas spray nozzle  45  are arranged in such a manner that the solvent removed by the spraying of gas flows down from the spraying position and along the first squeegee blade  200 , to an outlet port  206  located in substantially the rightward and downward direction. In other words, in  FIG. 17 , the front end section of the first squeegee blade  200  abuts against the solvent removal roller  42  at approximately the two o&#39;clock position, and the solvent removed from the solvent removal roller  42  by the gas sprayed onto the region between the first squeegee blade  200  and the shielding member  202  flows down to the outlet port  206  located in substantially the rightward and downward direction, along the oblique surface  200 A of the first squeegee blade  200 . By this means, the liquid is prevented from collecting at the front end portion of the first squeegee blade  200 , and scattering of the solvent can be prevented, while improving the controllability of the solvent removal process. 
     Moreover, the second squeegee blade  204  is arranged in such a manner that the excess of the liquid which is sprayed from the mist spray nozzle  43  flows down from the spraying position and along the second squeegee blade  204  to an outlet port  208  located in substantially the rightward and downward direction. In other words, in  FIG. 17 , the front end portion of the second squeegee blade  204  is abutted against the solvent removal roller  42  at approximately the four o&#39;clock position, and the excess of the liquid sprayed from the mist spray nozzle  43  flows down along the oblique surface  204 A of the second squeegee blade  204 , to the outlet port  208  located in rightward and downward direction. By this means, the liquid is prevented from collecting at the front end portion of the second squeegee blade  204 , and scattering of the solvent can be prevented, while improving the controllability of the solvent removal process. 
     To give one example of a spraying member used in the gas spray nozzle  45 , as shown in  FIG. 9 , a line spray  142  can be used in which nozzles  140  having a diameter of approximately 0.5 to 1 mm are arranged in the breadthways direction of a spraying surface, at a pitch of 1 to 3 mm. By arranging a plurality of line sprays  142  of this kind as shown in  FIG. 10 , a prescribed spray width is achieved, and a substantially uniform impact force of 500 to 1500 mN can be applied to the whole of the surface receiving the spray, in a pressure range of 0.1 to 0.5 MPa. 
     One example of the spraying member used for the mist spray nozzle  43  is a two-fluid flat spray nozzle which can be used at an air pressure of 0.2 to 0.6 MPa, a liquid pressure of 0 to 0.3 MPa, an air flow rate of 40 to 80 l/min, a liquid flow rate of 0 to 10 l/h, and a spray angle of 90° to 130°. As shown in  FIG. 11 , since the flat spray nozzle sprays the fluid at a spray angle of α, then the effective spray width W sp  of the spray range  148  is governed by the distance L between the ejection surface of the nozzle body  220  and the spray receiving surface  146 . The flat spray nozzle is not limited to a mode where a single nozzle is used, and it is also possible to use a plurality of flat spray nozzles arranged in the breadthways direction of the solvent removal roller  42 . In this case, it is possible to control the removal process in the breadthways direction, as well as the conveyance direction. 
       FIG. 19  is an illustrative diagram showing an example of the composition of an air and liquid supply system in a solvent removal unit  24 . The nozzle body  210  of the gas spray nozzle  45  is connected to a compressor  218  via an electromagnetic valve  212 , a temperature adjuster  213 , a manual valve  214 , and a variable precision regulator  216  whereby the pressure is variable and controllable. The pressure of the compressed gas (compressed air, or the like) from the compressor  218  is adjusted by the variable precision regulator  216 . It is possible to control the nozzle body  210  to spray and not to spray the gas by switching the electromagnetic valve  212  on and off. By means of this composition, a desired spray width can be achieved by adjusting the gas spray pressure from the nozzle body  210 . 
     Moreover, the compressed gas is heated to a prescribed temperature by the temperature adjuster  213 . Therefore, by heating the compressed gas by means of the temperature adjuster  213 , so that the temperature of the gas sprayed from the nozzle body  210  is raised within a range of equal to or less than the boiling point (the boiling point of water, in the case where the treatment liquid and the ink are mainly composed of water) of the solvent after reaction between the treatment liquid and the ink, and equal to or less than the fusion temperature of the polymer micro-particles which are contained in the aggregating treatment agent or ink, then the dissolution of the aggregating treatment agent layer and the separation of the solvent removal roller  42  are improved, and the solvent removing effect is enhanced yet further. 
     More specifically, in cases where the polymer micro-particles contained in the aggregating treatment agent and the ink are micro-particles of a non-crystalline polymer, then desirably the heating temperature is adjusted so as to be equal to or lower than the glass transition temperature (for example, 50° C. or lower in the case of an acrylic polymer). Moreover, in cases where the polymer micro-particles contained in the aggregating treatment agent and the ink are crystalline polymer micro-particles, then desirably, the heating temperature is adjusted so as to be equal to or lower than the melting point (for example, 110° C. or lower in the case of an ethylene polymer, or 70° C. or lower in the case of a wax polymer). 
     The nozzle body  220  of mist spray nozzle  43  is connected to the liquid layer  230  in a pressure container  228  via an electromagnetic valve  222 , a temperature adjuster  224 , and a manual valve  226 . The liquid to be sprayed is stored in a sealed pressure container  228 , and the gas layer  232  in the pressure container  228  is connected to the compressor  218  via a variable precision regulator  234  which enables the pressure to be changed and controlled. 
     The pressure of the liquid supplied from the pressure container  228  is adjusted by controlling the variable precision regulator  234  and thereby changing the pressure of the gas in the pressure container  228 . The liquid supplied from the pressure container  228  is heated to a prescribed temperature by the temperature adjuster  224 , and is then supplied to the nozzle body  220  via the electromagnetic valve  222 . Furthermore, the path for the compressed gas branches into two paths including: a first supply path leading to the nozzle body  210  of the gas spray nozzle  45 ; and a second supply path leading to the nozzle body  220 . As shown in  FIG. 19 , the compressed gas is supplied to the gas supply unit  236  of the nozzle body  220  through the second supply path (via the precision regulator  238 ). 
     The mist sprayed from the nozzle body  220  is composed of the liquid that is supplied from the pressure container  228  and the compressed gas that is supplied via the precision regulator  238 . If the supply of the liquid from the pressure container  228  is halted by switching the electromagnetic valve  222  on and off, then only the compressed gas can be supplied via the precision regulator  238 . Thus, it is also possible to spray only the gas from the nozzle body  220 . 
     In this way, it is possible to control the nozzle body  220  to spray and not to spray the mist (composed of gas and liquid) or only the gas by switching the electromagnetic valve  222  on and off. 
     Furthermore, by heating the liquid supplied from the pressure container  228  by means of the temperature adjuster  224 , so that the temperature of the mist sprayed from the nozzle body  220  is raised within a range of equal to or less than the boiling point (the boiling point of water, in the case where the treatment liquid and the ink are mainly composed of water) of the solvent after the reaction between the treatment liquid and the ink, and equal to or less than the fusion temperature of the polymer micro-particles which are contained in the aggregating treatment agent or ink, then the dissolution of the aggregating treatment agent layer and the separation of the solvent removal roller  42  are improved, and the solvent removing effect is enhanced yet further. 
     More specifically, in cases where the polymer micro-particles contained in the aggregating treatment agent and the ink are micro-particles of a non-crystalline polymer, then desirably the heating temperature is adjusted so as to be equal to or lower than the glass transition temperature (for example, 50° C. or lower in the case of an acrylic polymer). Moreover, if the polymer micro-particles contained in the aggregating treatment agent and the ink are crystalline polymer micro-particles, then desirably, the heating temperature is adjusted so as to be equal to or lower than the melting point (for example, 110° C. or lower in the case of an ethylene polymer, or 70° C. or lower in the case of a wax polymer). 
     It is preferable to keep the pressure of the compressed gas (compressed air, or the like) supplied from the compressor  218  to the nozzle body  220  of the mist spray nozzle  43  at a prescribed pressure, by means of the precision regulator  238 . Moreover, the pressure of the liquid supplied from the pressure container  228  to the nozzle body  220  can be adjusted by means of the variable precision regulator  234 , and it is thereby possible to change the spray width (spray pressure) from the nozzle body  220 . 
     To give a concrete example, in the nozzle body  220 , the pressure of the compressed gas from the compressor  218  is kept at 0.4 MPa, and the pressure of the liquid supplied from the pressure container  228  is adjusted in a range between 0 to 0.3 MPa. In this case, if the distance L (See  FIG. 11 ) between the ejection surface of the nozzle body  220  and the spray receiving surface  146  is taken to be 15 cm, then it is possible to adjust the gas flow rate from the nozzle body  220  at 60 l/min, the spray width W sp  (See  FIG. 11 ) at 60 cm, and the liquid flow rate in a range of 0 to 10 l/h. 
     Moreover, it is preferable that the spray volume of the gas spray nozzle  45  or the spray volume of the mist spray nozzle  43  is controlled in accordance with the volume of the liquid on the intermediate transfer body  12  (the amount of solvent after reaction between the aggregating treatment agent and the ink). By this means, it is possible to keep the residual volume of the solvent at a desirable volume, even in the case of an image that is substantially a solid image or an image that is substantially a blank image, and hence the transfer properties and the cleaning properties of the intermediate transfer body are enhanced. 
     To give a concrete example, the thickness of the liquid (solvent) layer (the solvent of the aggregating treatment agent) on the intermediate transfer body  12  is set to approximately 1 μm in the case of a blank image, while the thickness of the liquid layer (the solvent after reaction between the aggregating treatment agent and inks of 2 to 3 colors) to approximately 9 to 13 μm in the case of a solid image. Therefore, by controlling the solvent removal roller  42 , it is possible to stably reduce the thickness of the liquid layer on the intermediate transfer body  12  to approximately 3 to 7 μm. In order to farther reduce the thickness of the liquid layer on the intermediate transfer body  12 , it is possible to provide a plurality of solvent removal rollers  42 . 
       FIG. 20  is a diagram showing an example of control relating to spraying from the gas spray nozzle  45  and the mist spray nozzle  43 . As shown in  FIG. 20 , the control of the spraying from the gas spray nozzle  45  and the mist spray nozzle  43  is changed based on the image density. In  FIG. 20 , the image to be formed on the intermediate transfer body  12  is categorized into three types: a solid image having a density equal to or greater than 80% and equal to or less than 100%; an intermediate tone image having a density equal to or greater than 20% and less than 80%; and a blank surface image having a density equal to or greater than 0% and less than 20%. Furthermore, the control shown in  FIG. 20  is carried out by means of the system controller (reference numeral  272  in  FIG. 33  and  FIG. 39 ) estimating the amount of liquid (solvent) on the intermediate transfer body  12 , on the basis of image data that is to be printed. 
     As shown in  FIG. 20 , if the image to be formed on the intermediate transfer body  12  has a greater density than an intermediate tone image (i.e., in the case of a solid image; the image density (amount of solvent) is “equal to or greater than 80% and equal to or less than 100%” in  FIG. 20 ), then the amount of the gas sprayed from the gas spray nozzle  45  is controlled so as to be a large amount, and only the gas is sprayed from the mist spray nozzle  43 . In this way, if an image having a high density (including a solid image) is formed, then the amount of liquid on the intermediate transfer body  12  is large, and therefore a large amount of gas is sprayed in two stages, from the gas spray nozzle  45  and the mist spray nozzle  43 . 
     On the other hand, if forming an intermediate tone image (in the case of an image density (amount of solvent) which is “equal to or greater than 20% and less than 80%”), then control is implemented in such a manner that the amount of gas sprayed from the gas spray nozzle  45  is set to a medium amount or small amount, and the mist spray nozzle  43  is controlled to spray either gas only or a mist, as appropriate. More specifically, in the case of an image density (amount of solvent) which is “equal to or greater than 60% and less than 80%” in  FIG. 20 , then control is implemented in such a manner that the amount of gas sprayed from the gas spray nozzle  45  is set to a medium volume, and only gas is sprayed from the mist spray nozzle  43 . In the case of an image density (amount of solvent) which is “equal to or greater than 40% and less than 60%” in  FIG. 20 , then control is implemented in such a manner that the amount of gas sprayed from the gas spray nozzle  45  is set to a small volume, and only gas is sprayed from the mist spray nozzle  43 . In the case of an image density (amount of solvent) which is “equal to or greater than 20% and less than 40%” in  FIG. 20 , then control is implemented in such a manner that the amount of gas sprayed from the gas spray nozzle  45  is set to a medium volume, and a mist is sprayed from the mist spray nozzle  43 . 
     Furthermore, if an image having a lower density than an intermediate tone image (including a blank image) is formed on the intermediate transfer body  12  (in the case of an image density (amount of solvent) which is “equal to or greater than 0% and less than 20%” in  FIG. 20 ), the amount of gas sprayed from the gas spray nozzle  45  is controlled so as to be a small amount, and a mist is sprayed from the mist spray nozzle  43 . If an image of low density (including a blank image) is formed in this way, then since the amount of liquid on the intermediate transfer body  12  is small, then a small amount of gas is sprayed from the gas spray nozzle  45 , the amount of solvent removed is made small and liquid is supplied by performing a mist spray from the mist spray nozzle  43 . 
     As described above, by controlling the amount of gas sprayed from the gas spray nozzle  45 , and the amount of gas sprayed or the amount of mist sprayed from the mist spray nozzle  43 , in accordance with the amount of liquid on the intermediate transfer body  12 , then it is possible to achieve stable removal of solvent, regardless of the amount of liquid on the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
     The solvent removal roller  42  may be driven in rotation by being impelled against the intermediate transfer body  12 , but desirably, it is coupled to an opposing roller, or the like, by means of a gear which adjusts the speed reduction ratio, or the like, since this improves the capacity of the solvent removal roller  42  to follow the action of the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
     Moreover, by heating the solvent removal roller  42  (and in particular, the outer circumferential surface thereof) by means of a roller heating unit such as a heater (reference numeral  354  in  FIG. 35 ), to a temperature within a range of equal to or less than the boiling point (the boiling point of water, in the case where the treatment liquid and the ink are mainly composed of water) of the solvent after reaction between the treatment liquid and the ink, and equal to or less than the fusion temperature of the polymer micro-particles which are contained in the aggregating treatment agent or ink, then the dissolution of the aggregating treatment agent layer and the separation of the solvent removal roller  42  are improved, and the solvent removing effect is enhanced yet further. 
     More specifically, in cases where the polymer micro-particles contained in the aggregating treatment agent and the ink are micro-particles of a non-crystalline polymer, then desirably the heating temperature is adjusted so as to be equal to or lower than the glass transition temperature (for example, 50° C. or lower in the case of an acrylic polymer). Moreover, in cases where the polymer micro-particles contained in the aggregating treatment agent and the ink are crystalline polymer micro-particles, then desirably, the heating temperature is adjusted so as to be equal to or lower than the melting point (for example, 110° C. or lower in the case of an ethylene polymer, or 70° C. or lower in the case of a wax polymer). 
     As shown in  FIG. 21 , the tensioning roller  34 B may be arranged at a displaced position from the solvent removal roller  42  in the direction of rotation of the solvent removal roller  42 . By this means, it is possible to increase the amount of winding (the contact length) of the intermediate transfer body  12  with respect to the solvent removal roller  42  by the amount corresponding to the winding angle θ, and therefore a more reliable effect in removing the solvent can be obtained. 
     Composition of First Cleaning Unit 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , which has been described above, the first cleaning unit  30  is a device which cleans the intermediate transfer body  12  by using a washing liquid and it comprises a washing liquid spray unit  60  which sprays a washing liquid, a rotation brush  62  which makes contact with the image forming surface  12 A of the intermediate transfer body  12  and rotates in the reverse direction with respect to the direction of conveyance of the intermediate transfer body, and a blade  64  (first wiping device) which slides and wipes the surface of the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
     Furthermore, a heater  65  is arranged on the rear surface side of the intermediate transfer body  12  in the first cleaning unit  30 . By means of this heater  65 , the permeation of the surfactant into the residual material on the intermediate transfer body  12  is improved and the residual material composed of polymer micro-particles and the like is dissolved. To give one specific example, the intermediate transfer body  12  is heated to 90° C. through 120° C. by the heater  65 . 
     Here, the residual material on the intermediate transfer body  12  is derived from the treatment liquid and ink described above. 
     The residual material on the intermediate transfer body  12  is separated by the rotation brush  62  which rotates in the reverse direction to the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer body. The surface of the rotation brush  62  may be provided with brush fibers made from nylon, fluorine resin, or the like. 
     Moreover, the residual material on the intermediate transfer body  12  is removed by means of a rubber blade  64  composed of EPT (ethylene propylene terpolymer rubber), NBR (nitrile butadiene rubber), fluorine rubber, urethane rubber, and the like. 
     As described above, the first cleaning unit  30  principally functions as a device which cleans the intermediate transfer body  12  after completing image transfer to the recording medium  14 . 
     Furthermore, the rotation brush  62  and the blade  64  are supported movably by a movement mechanism (an abutment/separation mechanism drive unit, reference numeral  327  in  FIG. 36 ) which can be controlled so as to switch between a state where the rotation brush  62  and blade  64  are pushed against the intermediate transfer body  12  and a state where these members are separated (withdrawn) from the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
       FIG. 22  is a diagram showing an example of the composition of a liquid supply system in a case where one liquid is sprayed. The nozzle body  400  of the washing liquid spray unit  60  is connected to the interior of a storage container  410 , via an electromagnetic valve  402 , a temperature adjuster  404 , a manual valve  406  and a liquid supply pump  408 . Furthermore, in order to determine the spraying action, a spray determination sensor for determining the liquid sprayed from the nozzle body  400  (not illustrated; a resistance value determination sensor, a light transmission determination sensor, a spray pressure determination sensor, or the like), is arranged between the nozzle body  400  and the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
     Moreover, in order to ensure the spray width of the liquid for spraying (in the case of the present embodiment, washing liquid), the flow channel between the nozzle body  400  and the electromagnetic valve  402  is branched off and connected to the nozzle body  414 . The liquid to be sprayed (in the case of the present embodiment, washing liquid) is stored in the storage container  410 , and the storage container  410  is connected to a collection container  412  through a filter  416 . The washing liquid which has been sprayed from the nozzle body  400  or the nozzle body  414  is collected by means of the collection container  412  and then sent to the storage container  410  through the filter  416 , thereby reusing the washing liquid. 
     On the basis of this composition the liquid supplied from the storage container  410  by controlling the liquid supply pump  408  is heated to a prescribed temperature (for example, 50° C. to 90° C.) by the temperature adjuster  404 , and is then sent to the nozzle body  400  or the nozzle body  414  via the electromagnetic valve  402 . The spray of liquid from the nozzle body  400  and the nozzle body  414  can be switched by switching the electromagnetic valve  402  on and off. 
       FIG. 23  is a diagram showing an example of the composition of a liquid supply system in a case where two liquids are sprayed. The nozzle body  420  of the washing liquid spray unit  60  is connected to the liquid layer  432  in a pressure container  430  via an electromagnetic valve  422 , a switching valve  424 , a temperature adjuster  426 , and a manual valve  428 . The liquid to be sprayed (in the present embodiment, the washing liquid) is stored in a sealed pressure container  430 , and the gas layer  434  in the pressure container  430  is connected to the compressor  438  via a precision regulator  436  which enables the pressure to be changed and controlled. 
     The switching valve  424  is also connected to the liquid layer  446  in the pressure container  444  via the temperature adjuster  440  and the manual valve  442 . The liquid to be sprayed (in the present embodiment, distilled water, purified water, or the like) is stored in a sealed pressure container  444 , and the gas layer  448  in the pressure container  444  is connected to the compressor  438  via a precision regulator  450  which enables the pressure to be changed and controlled. 
     Furthermore, in order to determine the spraying action, a spray determination sensor for detecting the liquid sprayed from the nozzle body  420  (not illustrated; a resistance value determination sensor, a light transmission determination sensor, a spray pressure determination sensor, or the like), is arranged between the nozzle body  420  and the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
     Moreover, in order to ensure the spray width of the sprayed liquid (in the case of the present embodiment, washing liquid, purified water, distilled water, or the like), the flow channel between the nozzle body  420  and the electromagnetic valve  422  is branched off and connected to the nozzle body  452 . 
     On the basis of this composition, the pressure of the liquid (in the present embodiment, the washing liquid) supplied from the pressure container  430  is adjusted by controlling the variable precision regulator  436  and thereby changing the pressure inside the pressure container  430 . The liquid supplied from the pressure container  430  is heated to a prescribed temperature by the temperature adjuster  426 , and is supplied to the nozzle body  420  and nozzle body  452  via the switching valve  424  and the electromagnetic valve  422 . The spray of liquid from the nozzle body  420  or the nozzle body  452  is switched on and off by switching the electromagnetic valve  422  on and off, and the spraying pressure (in other words, the sprayed amount and the spraying width from the nozzle body  420  and the nozzle body  452 ) is changed by controlling the pressure of the variable precision regulator  436 . 
     Furthermore, the pressure of the liquid supplied from the pressure container  444  is adjusted by controlling the precision regulator  450  and thereby changing the pressure inside the pressure container  444 . The liquid supplied from the pressure container  444  (in the present embodiment, purified water, distilled water, or the like) is heated to a prescribed temperature by the temperature adjuster  440 , and is supplied to the nozzle body  420  and the nozzle body  452  via the switching valve  424  and the electromagnetic valve  422 . The spray of liquid from the nozzle body  420  or the nozzle body  452  is switched on and off by switching the electromagnetic valve  422  on and off, and the spraying pressure (in other words, the sprayed amount and the spraying width from the nozzle body  420  and the nozzle body  452 ) is changed by controlling the pressure of the precision regulator  450 . 
     Desirably, an aqueous liquid containing high-boiling-point solvent which includes a surfactant similar to that of the aggregating treatment agent and ink, is used as the washing liquid, and it is also possible to use the liquid which has been collected by the solvent removal unit  24  described above. Moreover, desirably, the washing liquid collected in the collection container  412  is reused after being filtered through a filter  416 , and the concentration thereof may be adjusted by using purified water, or the like. Table 6 shows one example of the prepared washing liquid. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Material 
                 Weight % 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Glycerine (made by Wako Pure 
                 20 
               
               
                   
                 Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.) 
               
               
                   
                 Diethylene glycol (made by Wako 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                 Pure Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.) 
               
               
                   
                 Olfine E1010 (made by Nissin 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 
               
               
                   
                 Deionized water 
                 69 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Furthermore, as one example of a spraying member used in the washing liquid spray unit  60 , it is possible to use a line spray in which nozzles are aligned in the breadthways direction in the spraying surface, as shown in  FIG. 9  described above. Moreover, as shown in  FIG. 10 , it is also possible to achieve a prescribed spraying width by arranging a plurality of line sprays. 
     Furthermore, in order to improve the cleaning properties yet further, it is also possible to provide a plurality of rotating brushes  62  and blades  64 . 
     Composition of Second Cleaning Unit 
       FIG. 24  is an enlarged diagram of a portion of the second cleaning unit  32  shown in  FIG. 1 . As shown in  FIG. 24 , the second cleaning unit  32  is constituted by adhesive rollers  66  and  68  which are switchable between the contact state and the separation state with respect to the surface ( 12 A) of the intermediate transfer body  12 , and a cleaning web (or adhesive belt)  70  which is able to make contact with these adhesive rollers  66  and  68 . As shown in  FIGS. 1 and 24 , the second cleaning unit  32  is arranged at a position opposing the tensioning roller  34 A. 
     In this way, by arranging the second cleaning unit  32  at a position opposing the tensioning roller  34 A, the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  are located respectively before and after the vertex (point of reverse) where the direction of conveyance of the intermediate transfer body  12  changes. Therefore, a tension is generated in the vicinity of the reverse point of the direction of conveyance of the intermediate transfer body  12 , and the residual material on the intermediate transfer body  12  can therefore be removed more readily due to the generated tension. In  FIG. 24 , the reference numerals  72  and  73  are pressing rollers, which are provided as required. 
     The adhesive rollers  66  and  68  have a higher adhesive force than the intermediate transfer body  12 , and as a more specific example, desirably, they are formed of a butyl rubber or urethane rubber, or the like, which has an adhesive force of 20 to 200 hpa (measurement method conforming to JIS-K-6256). Furthermore, desirably, the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  are set to have a broader width than the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
     By rotating the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  while they are in contact with the intermediate transfer body  12  when the apparatus is not forming images, for instance, when the inkjet recording apparatus is started up, during standby, during batch processing, during print initialization immediately before transferring to image formation, or in other such circumstances, then it is possible to cause the foreign matter on the intermediate transfer body  12  to be attached to the adhesive rollers  66  and  68 , thereby removing the foreign matter (dust) from the surface  12 A of the intermediate transfer body  12  and thus cleaning the intermediate transfer body  12 . The cleaning method is described later in more detail. 
     The foreign material which has become attached to the surface of the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  can be transferred to the cleaning web (or the adhesive belt)  70 , by separating the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  from the intermediate transfer body  12  and rotating the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  while they are in contact with the cleaning web (or adhesive belt)  70 . Consequently, it is possible to clean the surface of the adhesive rollers  66  and  68 . 
       FIG. 25  is a plan view diagram showing an example in which the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  are divided in a two-step fashion in the shape of a comb, as viewed from the direction perpendicular to the axis direction of the adhesive rollers  66  and  68 . As shown in  FIG. 25 , by dividing the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  in a two-step comb shape, the adhesive force of the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  is distributed, and sticking of the rollers to the intermediate transfer body  12  can be prevented. 
     Desirably, the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  are periodically detached and the surfaces thereof are polished and refreshed. Furthermore, the cleaning web  70  may also be kept in contact with the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  at all times. 
     Furthermore, instead of the adhesive rollers  66  and  68 , it is also possible to adopt a composition using a web coated with adhesive, which is wound in multiple layers, the surface of the web being peeled away appropriately. 
     Composition of the Soiling Determination Unit 
       FIG. 26  is an enlarged diagram of the soiling determination unit  44 . As shown in  FIG. 26 , the soiling determination unit  44  includes a laser displacement sensor. More specifically, the soiling determination unit  44  is constituted by a semiconductor laser light source  460 , a light transmitting lens system  462 , a drive circuit  464 , a light position determination element  466 , a light receiving lens system  468 , a signal amplification circuit  470 , and the like. 
     The semiconductor laser light source  460  is driven by the drive circuit  464 , and the laser light is irradiated onto the measurement object through the light transmitting lens system  462 . The laser light which has been irradiated onto the measurement object and reflected by same is read in by the light position determination element  466  through the light receiving lens system  468 , and a determination signal is generated by the light position determination element  466 . The determination signal is then sent to the signal amplification circuit  470  and is then amplified by the signal amplification circuit  470 . On the basis of the amplified determination signal, the system controller  272  (See  FIG. 33 ), which is described later, calculates the distance to the measurement object, and the amount of displacement of the measurement object from the reference position. 
     One concrete example of a semiconductor laser light which is irradiated from the semiconductor laser light source  460  is laser light having a wavelength of 410 nm or 670 nm. Furthermore, the distance to the measurement object may be calculated by using a triangulation method. 
     As described above, the intermediate transfer body  12  includes a base material of polyimide, or the like, and the base material is coated with a coating layer that is composed of silicon rubber, fluorine rubber, a fluorine elastomer, or the like and has a thickness of approximately 30 μm through 150 μm. The coating layer typically has light permeable properties and the laser light can pass readily through the coating layer, but if residual material is adhering on the coating layer, then surface reflection occurs and the reflection distance changes. Consequently, by calculating the amount of displacement of the measurement object from the reference position, it is possible to determine soiling in a stable and reliable fashion compared to a measurement method based on the amount of reflected light, even in cases where high-boiling-point solvent, acid, polymer micro-particles, or the like, are left in a thin layer (for example, 0.5 μm to 5 μm) over the whole surface. 
     To describe this method with reference to  FIG. 26 , the measurement object is the intermediate transfer body  12  in which the base material composed of polyimide or the like is coated with the coating layer composed of silicon rubber, fluorine rubber, fluorine elastomer, or the like. The coating layer has a coating surface that is taken as the reference position. 
     Here, if there is no residual material present on the coating surface, then the laser light which is emitted toward the intermediate transfer body  12  through the light transmitting lens system  462  passes through the coating surface and the coating layer, and is reflected by the surface of the base material. The reflected laser light is then taken into the light position determination element  466  via the light receiving lens system  468 . 
     If, on the other hand, the residual material is present on the coating surface and forms a residual material surface as shown in  FIG. 26 , then the laser light emitted toward the intermediate transfer body  12  through the light transmitting lens system  462  does not pass through the residual material, but rather is reflected by the residual material surface. The reflected laser light is then taken into the light position determination element  466  through the light receiving lens system  468 . 
     Consequently, soiling is determined on the basis of the difference between the displacement from the surface of the base material to the coating surface (reference position), and the displacement from the surface of the base material to the surface of the residual material. 
     Cleaning of Intermediate Transfer Body 
       FIGS. 27 to 30  are flowchart diagrams showing an operational sequence relating to the cleaning of the intermediate transfer body. 
       FIG. 27  is a flowchart diagram showing an operational sequence for carrying out cleaning by means of a second cleaning unit  32 , when the inkjet recording apparatus is not forming images, for instance, when the apparatus is started up, at standby, or carrying out batch processing. As shown in  FIG. 27 , all of the members which are in contact with the intermediate transfer body  12  are separated from the intermediate transfer body  12  (step S 1 ). Here, “all of the members which are in contact with the intermediate transfer body  12 ” means all of the members that make contact with the image forming surface of the intermediate transfer body  12 , namely, the gravure roller  38  of the treatment liquid application unit  16 , the solvent removal roller  42  of the solvent removal unit  24 , the pressurization roller  48  of the transfer unit  26 , and so on. 
     Next, the soiling of the intermediate transfer body  12  is determined by the soiling determination unit  44  (soiling determination step; step S 2 ). Thereupon, it is judged whether or not cleaning is required, on the basis of the determination results (step S 3 ). More specifically, in  FIG. 26 , if the difference between the displacement from the base material surface to the coating surface (reference position) and the displacement from the base material surface to the residual material surface is equal to or greater than a prescribed value, then it is judged that cleaning by the second cleaning unit  32  is required. If it is judged that cleaning is required (YES), then cleaning (a second cleaning step) is carried out by the second cleaning unit  32  (step S 4 ), and the procedure then terminates. On the other hand, if it is judged that cleaning is not required (NO), then the operational sequence is terminated directly. 
     It is also possible to carry out cleaning by means of the second cleaning unit  32 , compulsorily, without determining the soiling on the intermediate transfer body  12  by the soiling determination unit  44 , in cases where the inkjet recording apparatus is not forming images, for instance, when the apparatus is started up, at standby or carrying out batch processing. 
     Furthermore, if there is a large amount of residual material, then it is possible to repeat cleaning by the adhesive rollers  66  and  68 , and furthermore, it is also possible to combine cleaning by the first cleaning unit  30 . When cleaning by the first cleaning unit  30  is not carried out, then the rotation brush  62  and the blade  64  are controlled so as to separate from the intermediate transfer body  12  (a withdrawn (retracted) state), by means of the movement mechanism (an abutment/separation mechanism drive unit, indicated by reference numeral  327  in  FIG. 36 ). 
     As described above, if the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  are used, then the adhering matter, such as small amounts of coloring material and paper dust which have been attached to the intermediate transfer body  12 , can be removed more reliably over the entire width of the intermediate transfer body  12 , in comparison with washing by using a liquid. 
       FIG. 28  is a flowchart diagram showing an operational sequence for the purpose of stabilizing the surface of the intermediate transfer body  12  in initialization for printing, immediately before transferring from a non-image forming state to an image forming state, for example, before entering an image forming state from a standby state after starting up of the inkjet recording apparatus. As shown in  FIG. 28 , all of the members which make contact with the intermediate transfer body  12  are separated from the intermediate transfer body  12  (step S 11 ). Thereupon, cleaning is carried out by means of the second cleaning unit  32  (step S 12 ). Next, cleaning (a first cleaning step) is carried out by means of the first cleaning unit  30  (step S 13 ), whereupon the operational sequence is terminated. 
     In this way, immediately before transferring from non-image formation to image formation, cleaning by the second cleaning unit  32  is carried out and then cleaning by the first cleaning unit  30  is carried out. By this means, even in cases where hard dust particles, such as grit particles, have become attached to the intermediate transfer body  12  due to the inflow of external air used for cooling the interior of the inkjet recording apparatus, the generation of dust inside the apparatus, or the performance of maintenance work or the like, it is still possible to prevent this hard dust from entering in between rotation brush  62  and the blade  64  during cleaning by the first cleaning unit  30 . Thus, it is possible to prevent the damage, such as scratches, to the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
     At step S 12 , by setting the temperature of the intermediate transfer body  12  to be less than the melting temperature of the polymer component of the residual material, it is possible to prevent the dust particles from fusing onto the intermediate transfer body  12 , even if a small amount of polymer component is left remaining on the intermediate transfer body  12 . It is therefore possible to achieve more reliable cleaning of the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
       FIG. 29  is a flowchart diagram showing an operational sequence for carrying out image formation while performing continuous cleaning by means of the first cleaning unit  30 . As shown in  FIG. 29 , a treatment liquid (aggregating treatment agent) which forms an undercoating liquid is applied onto the intermediate transfer body  12  by the treatment liquid application unit  16  (liquid application step, step S 21 ). Thereupon, the applied treatment liquid is heated by passing through a heating unit  18 , and the solvent component is evaporated and dried (step S 22 ). Consequently, an aggregating treatment agent layer which is in a solid state or a semi-solid state (namely, a thin film layer in which the treatment liquid has dried) is formed on the surface of the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
     Subsequently, droplet ejection is carried out onto the aggregating treatment agent layer by ejecting pigment-based inks of respective colors (C, M, Y, K) from the heads  22 Y,  22 M,  22 C,  22 K of the print  22 , in accordance with the image signal (liquid deposition step; step S 23 ). Thereupon, the solvent (residual solvent) component which has separated from the aggregated pigment material is removed from the intermediate transfer body  12  by the solvent removal roller  42  of the solvent removal unit  24  (step S 24 ). The primary image thus formed on the intermediate transfer body  12  is then transferred to the recording medium  14  (step S 25 ). 
     Thereupon, the intermediate transfer body  12  is cleaned by means of the first cleaning unit  30  (step S 26 ). Next, it is judged whether or not image formation is to be continued (step S 27 ), and if image formation is to be continued (YES), then the procedure returns to step S 21  again, whereas if image formation is not to be continued (NO), then the operational sequence is terminated. 
     During image formation, it is possible to separate the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  of the second cleaning unit  32  from the intermediate transfer body  12  and to impel the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  against the low-speed wrapping web which employs a nonwoven cloth impregnated with a water-based or oil-based washing liquid, or the like, for the purpose of cleaning the adhesive rollers  66  and  68 . Moreover, it is also possible to impel the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  against an adhesive belt having a stronger adhesive force than the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  to clean the adhesive rollers  66  and  68 . 
       FIG. 30  is a flowchart diagram showing an operational sequence for cleaning the intermediate transfer body  12  in a post-print processing step, when the apparatus has completed image formation (batch processing) and is no longer forming images. As shown in  FIG. 30 , all of the members which make contact with the intermediate transfer body  12  are separated from the intermediate transfer body  12  (step S 31 ). 
     Thereupon, cleaning is carried out by means of the first cleaning unit  30  (step S 32 ). In this case, cleaning is carried out by using a liquid (second liquid; a liquid having a small content of high-boiling-point solvent and surfactant) which has a water content ratio higher than the washing liquid (first liquid). More specifically, before carrying out cleaning by means of the second cleaning unit  32 , cleaning is performed in the first cleaning unit  30  by adjusting the switching valve  424  ( FIG. 23 ) and spraying water, such as purified water or distilled water, from the washing liquid spray unit  60 . By this means, the high-boiling-point solvent (e.g., glycerine or diethylene glycol, the surfactant and the acid contained in the aggregating treatment agent and ink that are present as the residual matter on the intermediate transfer body  12 ) is diluted and removed, and therefore the cleaning performed by the second cleaning unit  32  can be carried out even more effectively. 
     When cleaning is carried out by the first cleaning unit  30 , it is possible to suppress the evaporation of the sprayed liquid having a high water content ratio by lowering the temperature of the intermediate transfer body  12 , and it is also possible to increase the amount of water sprayed from the washing liquid spray unit  60  onto the intermediate transfer body  12  by adjusting the pressure of the gas layer  448  in the pressure container  444  by means of the precision regulator  450 . Consequently, the amount of the residual material on the intermediate transfer body  12  is reduced and therefore it is possible to carry out the cleaning by the second cleaning unit  32  even more effectively. 
     Thereupon, cleaning based on heating and melting is carried out by means of the second cleaning unit  32  (step S 33 ). Here, the cleaning by heating and melting is described below. 
     Firstly, the intermediate transfer body  12  is rotated while being heated for 1 to 3 minutes by either one of the heater  65  of the first cleaning unit  30  or the heating unit  18 , or by both the heater  65  of the first cleaning unit  30  and the heating unit  18  (an intermediate transfer body temperature adjustment step), and then the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  are placed in contact with the intermediate transfer body  12  which has been raised in temperature. In this case, the temperature of the heater  65  or the heating unit  18  is desirably set to either a temperature at which the water in the residual material is evaporated from the intermediate transfer body  12 , or a temperature at which the polymer micro-particles melt, or it is set to a temperature at which the water in the residual material evaporates from the intermediate transfer body  12  and the polymer micro-particles melt. More specifically, if the polymer micro-particles are micro-particles of a non-crystalline polymer, then desirably, the temperature is set to a temperature equal to or greater than the glass transition temperature (for example, 50° C. or above in the case of an acrylic-based polymer). Furthermore, if the polymer micro-particles are a crystalline polymer, then desirably the temperature is set to be equal or greater than the melting point (for example, 110° C. or above in the case of an ethylene polymer, or 70° C. or above in the case of a wax polymer). It is also possible to reduce the conveyance speed of the intermediate transfer body  12  compared to the speed during image formation, when the temperature is raised. 
     By performing heating and drying by setting the temperature in this way, the residual material assumes a semi-solid state. In this case, if it is sought to remove the residual material with the blade  64  of the first cleaning unit  30 , then there is a risk of the occurrence of a stick and slip effect, and a risk of causing damage to the intermediate transfer body  12  by friction. However, by removing this material by means of the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  instead of the blade  64 , then it is possible to clean the intermediate transfer body  12  reliably over the entire width thereof, without the risk of causing damage to the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
     If the rotation brush  62  of the first cleaning unit  30  is impelled against the intermediate transfer body  12  when the intermediate transfer body  12  is rotated while controlling the heater  65 , then this is effective in detaching melted micro-particles of polymer, and the like, from the intermediate transfer body  12 . Durability of the rotation brush  62  can be enhanced by using a heatproof and liquid-proof material such the fibers of the brush, such as nylon 66, or PPS (polyphenylene sulfide), PFA (a tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer), or the like. 
     Furthermore, if the intermediate transfer body  12  is rotated while being heated by the heating unit  18 , then the cooler  20  involved in the aggregating treatment agent drying step is also controlled in such a manner that the temperature of the intermediate transfer body  12  falls to less than the melting temperature of the polymer component (intermediate transfer body temperature adjustment step), and beneficial effects are obtained if this thermal cycle is repeated in the intermediate transfer body  12 , since the residual material becomes more liable detach from the intermediate transfer body  12  due to the combined effects of thermal warping and the curvature of rotation. 
     As described above, it is possible to perform the cleaning of the second cleaning unit  32  more efficiently by heating and melting the residual material on the intermediate transfer body  12 . This is because water contained in the residual material evaporates and moreover the viscosity of the residual material (viscosity of the polymer particles) decreases when the residual material is heated and melted. 
     Thereupon, cleaning based on a shearing action at normal temperature is carried out by means of the second cleaning unit  32  (step S 34 ). Here, the cleaning by shearing at normal temperature is described below. 
     In order to perform the cleaning based on a shearing action, a torque limiter (not shown), or the like, is provided via an electromagnetic clutch, or the like, on the adhesive rollers  66  and  68 , in such a manner that a rotational load can be applied to the adhesive rollers  66  and  68 . Thereupon, the intermediate transfer body  12  is set to a temperature equal to or lower than the melting point of the polymer particles in the residual material, and the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  are driven in contact with the intermediate transfer body  12  so as to generate a shearing force with respect to the intermediate transfer body  12 . By this means, it is possible to generate a detaching force and to remove even very small amount of residual material. In this case, if the conveyance speed of the intermediate transfer body  12  is reduced below the speed during image formation, then it is possible to remove the residual material more effectively. To give a specific example, desirably, the rotational load applied to the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  is set to 3 to 15 N/300 mm, and the conveyance speed of the intermediate transfer body  12  is set to 50 to 300 mm/sec. 
     If the adhesive force of the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  is too strong, then they may stick to the intermediate transfer body  12 . Therefore, one possible method for distributing the adhesive force of the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  is to divide the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  into a two-step comb shape, as shown in  FIG. 25 , for example. By this means, since portions of both of the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  do not make contact with the intermediate transfer body  12 , then the adhesive force of the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  can be distributed in the direction of conveyance of the intermediate transfer body  12 .  FIG. 25  shows a plan view diagram of an example in which the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  are divided in a two-step fashion in the shape of a comb, as viewed from the direction perpendicular to the axis direction of the adhesive rollers  66  and  68 . Another possible method for preventing sticking to the intermediate transfer body  12  is to arrange the pressing rollers  72  and  73  as shown in  FIG. 24 . 
     Thereupon, the intermediate transfer body contacting members (the intermediate transfer body contacting devices) are cleaned (third cleaning step, step S 35 ). Here, “the intermediate transfer body contacting members” means the members that contact the image forming surface of the intermediate transfer body  12 , namely, the gravure roller  38  of the treatment liquid application unit  16 , the solvent removal roller  42  of the solvent removal unit  24 , the pressurization roller  48  of the transfer unit  26 , and so on. 
     Here, the adhesive forces are set in the order of (adhesive rollers  66 ,  68 )&gt;(intermediate transfer body  12 )&gt;(intermediate transfer body contacting members). By setting the adhesive forces of the respective members in this way, the intermediate transfer body contacting members, such as the gravure roller  38  of the treatment liquid application unit  16 , the solvent removal roller  42  of the solvent removal unit  24 , and the pressurization roller  48  of the transfer unit  26 , can be cleaned by making these intermediate transfer body contacting members come into contact with the intermediate transfer body  12  after cleaning has been performed by the second cleaning unit  32 . 
     The adhesive forces of the intermediate transfer body contacting members, such as the gravure roller  38  of the treatment liquid application unit  16 , the solvent removal roller  42  of the solvent removal unit  24 , the pressurization roller  48  of the transfer unit  26 , and the like, do not all have to be set so as to satisfy the inequality relationship described above. According to requirements, it is also possible to set the adhesive forces in such a manner that the inequality described above is satisfied only in respect of the particular intermediate transfer body contacting members which require cleaning. 
     Desirably, the intermediate transfer body contacting members are formed such that a PFA coating or an electroless PTFE eutectic plating is formed on the surface of metal, and have a surface energy of approximately 25 to 40 mN/m to exhibit liquid-repelling properties. Moreover, desirably, the adhesive force as measured by a measurement method conforming to JIS-K-6256, of the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  is set to 20 hpa or above, that of the intermediate transfer body  12  is set to 5 to 20 hpa, and that of the intermediate transfer body contacting members is set to be less than 5 hpa. In particular, it is suitable to use a fluorine elastomer (SIFEL600 series manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., or the like) as the intermediate transfer body  12 , since it has weak adhesive properties. 
     Furthermore, if the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  are used, then the adhering material such as small amounts of coloring material or paper dust which have become attached to the intermediate transfer body  12  can be removed more reliably than in a case of washing with a washing liquid. Moreover, if there is a large amount of adhering material, then it is possible to perform the cleaning by the adhesive rollers  66  and  68  repeatedly, or to combine the use of cleaning by the first cleaning unit  30 . 
     Maintenance and Cleaning of the Intermediate Transfer Body 
     As described above, from the viewpoint of durability and transfer characteristics onto normal paper, desirably, the intermediate transfer body  12  is formed such that a base material (e.g., polyimide) of the intermediate transfer body  12  is covered (coated or attached) with a silicone rubber, a fluorine rubber, a fluorine elastomer, or the like. Effective means of cleaning the intermediate transfer body  12  are cleaning by the first cleaning unit  30  during image formation, or cleaning by the first cleaning unit  30  or the second cleaning unit  32  when image formation is not in progress. 
     However, depending on the circumstances of the image forming process, there are situations where a relatively large amount of time cannot be allowed for cleaning by the first cleaning unit  30  and the second cleaning unit  32 , or situations where a washing liquid having a strong cleaning capability, which may affect the formation of images, cannot be used during image formation. 
     In these situations, as the inkjet recording apparatus  10  is operated to perform image formation for a long period of time, the residual material on the surface of the intermediate transfer body  12  becomes liable to solidify and accumulate even if cleaning by the first cleaning unit  30  or the second cleaning unit  32  is carried out. In such situations, there is a risk of decline in the transfer properties in the transfer unit  26 , or decline in the texture of the image on the recording medium  14 . 
     Furthermore, the intermediate transfer body  12  is conveyed while being pressurized by the roller member  68  of the first cleaning unit  30 , the solvent removal roller  42  of the solvent removal unit  24 , and the transfer roller  36  of the transfer unit  26 , and the like. Consequently, there is a risk that uneven wear may occur in the intermediate transfer body  12 , for example, in the portions which make contact with the edges of the recording medium  14  in the transfer unit  26 . 
     Therefore, in order to achieve maintenance and cleaning of the intermediate transfer body  12 , when images are not being formed, the first cleaning unit  30  and the treatment liquid application unit  16  described above are used to remove the residual material completely from the intermediate transfer body  12 , as well as polishing the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
     To give a specific compositional example, as shown in  FIG. 31 , the composition of the first cleaning unit  30  and the treatment liquid application unit  16  may be used without modification. 
     In cleaning of the intermediate transfer body  12  by the first cleaning unit  30  during image formation, as shown in  FIG. 32 , a washing liquid  61  is sprayed from a washing liquid spray unit  60  and residual material is detached by means of a rotation brush  62  and then removed by a squeegee action using the blade  64  (first wiping device). In this cleaning during image formation, the washing liquid does not contain surfactant, or the like, and polishing of the intermediate transfer body  12  is not carried out. 
     On the other hand, in the maintenance and cleaning of the intermediate transfer body  12  according to the present embodiment, when not forming images, for instance, when the inkjet recording apparatus is started up, at standby or carrying out batch processing, the washing liquid  61  is sprayed onto the intermediate transfer body  12  from the washing liquid spray unit  60  in a state where the rotation brush  62  or blade  64  are separated, and the intermediate transfer body  12  is conveyed while being heated by means of the heater  65 , as shown in  FIG. 31 . 
     Moreover, the gravure roller  38  is abutted against the intermediate transfer body  12  and is rotated in the opposite direction to the direction of conveyance of the intermediate transfer body  12 , either in a state where the tension of the intermediate transfer body  12  is increased compared to a tension when applying the treatment liquid during image formation, by adjusting the tensioning roller  34 C ( FIG. 1 ), or in a state where the amount by which the gravure roller  38  (second wiping device) is pressed against the intermediate transfer body  12  is made greater than when applying the treatment liquid during image formation, thereby increasing the winding angle (increasing the winding length) of the intermediate transfer body  12  about the gravure roller  38 , or in a state where both the tension of the intermediate transfer body  12  and the amount by which the gravure roller  38  is pressed against the intermediate transfer body  12  are made greater than when applying the treatment liquid during image formation. 
     As described above, during image formation, the gravure roller  38  is abutted against the intermediate transfer body  12  and applies the treatment liquid (liquid for image formation) thereon. In other words, the gravure roller  38  that applies the treatment liquid when the image is being formed (during image formation) also serves as the second wiping device that removes the sprayed washing liquid  61  from the intermediate transfer body  12  when the image is not being formed. 
     As described above, the sprayed washing liquid  61  is heated by the heater  65  of the first cleaning unit  30 . Furthermore, the deposited washing liquid  61  remains on the intermediate transfer body  12  from the position where it deposits on the intermediate transfer body  12  until the position where it makes contact with the gravure roller  38 , and hence the washing liquid  61  is able to permeate into the residual material for a longer time than during image formation, while maintaining the same conveyance speed of the intermediate transfer body  12  as that used during image formation. 
     Moreover, the tension of the intermediate transfer body  12  is greater than the tension when applying the treatment liquid during image formation. Alternatively, the amount by which the gravure roller  38  (second wiping device) is pressed against the intermediate transfer body  12  is made greater than when applying the treatment liquid during image formation. 
     Consequently, by wiping while pressing by means of the gravure roller  38 , the residual material on the intermediate transfer body  12  is wiped away by the cells of the gravure roller  38 , and hence this residual material is removed reliably from the intermediate transfer body  12 . The residual material which has been captured by the cells of the gravure roller  38  can be removed efficiently, by spraying the substitute fluid from the substitute fluid spray unit  114  (shown in  FIG. 7 ) and then discharging the removed liquid via the removed liquid discharge port  130 . 
     Before carrying out maintenance and cleaning of the intermediate transfer body  12 , the liquid supply pump  104  (shown in  FIG. 7 ) is halted, the treatment liquid outlet valve  126  is opened, the treatment liquid  108  is discharged, or the like, and the application of treatment liquid to the gravure roller  38  is thereby halted. Thereupon, when carrying out maintenance and cleaning of the intermediate transfer body  12 , the substitute fluid is sprayed onto the gravure roller  38  from the substitute fluid spray unit  114 , thereby removing the washing liquid and abrasive particles. In this case, the substitute fluid containing the removed washing liquid and abrasive particles is discharged via the removed liquid outlet port  130 . 
     It is possible to revert readily to the state of image formation by closing the treatment liquid outlet valve  126  and supplying the treatment liquid  108  to the treatment liquid container  40  until reaching the position of the drain flow channel  106 . By utilizing the first cleaning unit  30  and the treatment liquid application unit  16  in this way, it is possible to achieve maintenance and cleaning of the intermediate transfer body  12  without having to provide additional special equipment. 
     Furthermore, for the washing liquid  61 , it is possible to use a liquid (second washing liquid) which has a different composition to the liquid (first washing liquid) used to clean the intermediate transfer body  12  by means of the first cleaning unit  30  during image formation. More specifically, it is possible to use, as the washing liquid  61 , a liquid having a large content of surfactant, or a liquid containing a surfactant such as Pionin D4110 (manufactured by Takemoto Oil &amp; Fat Co., Ltd.) that has a strong cleaning effect, or the like. 
     Therefore, it is possible to improve the cleaning effects of the intermediate transfer body  12 . In this case, the washing liquid  61  is stored in the pressure container  444  in  FIG. 23 , in such a manner that the washing liquid  61  can be switched by means of the switching valve  424 . 
     Furthermore, it is also possible to use, as the washing liquid  61 , a polishing liquid which contains particles of alumina, silicon carbide, or the like, having a size of approximately 2 to 20 μm. By this means, it is possible to further enhance the cleaning effects on the intermediate transfer body  12 , at the same time as eliminating uneven wear by polishing the intermediate transfer body  12  through rotational driving by the gravure roller  38 . In this case, if a hard material, such as hard chromium plating, stainless steel or ceramic, is used as the material for the portions of the gravure roller  38  which abut against the intermediate transfer body  12 , then it is also possible to reduce the wear of the gravure roller  38  itself. 
     Moreover, if a washing liquid containing plastic particles of polyester or melamine resin having a diameter of approximately 20 to 100 μm is used, then the particles are liable to become fixed provisionally in the cells (recess sections) of the gravure roller  38 , which has a density of approximately 100 to 250 lines per inch. Therefore, the residual material on the intermediate transfer body  12  can be removed more effectively. Furthermore, if a polishing liquid containing hard particles of alumina or silicon carbide, or the like, of a diameter of approximately 20 to 100 μm is used, then it is possible to impart an undulating shape following the conveyance direction, to the intermediate transfer body  12 , and therefore movement of the coloring material in the event of ink droplet ejection is reduced, stable image formation can be achieved, and cleaning during the formation of images can also be carried out stably by means of the rotation brush  62  and the blade  64 . 
     Furthermore, if the rotational speed of the drive motor is switched and the rotational speed (number of revolutions per unit time) of the gravure roller  38  is made greater than when applying the treatment liquid during image formation, then it is possible to enhance the cleaning effects of the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
     Moreover, it is possible to cause the contacting members such as the transfer roller  36 , the solvent removal roller  42 , the rotation brush  62 , or the like, to abut against the intermediate transfer body  12 , during the maintenance and cleaning of the intermediate transfer body  12  described above. By this means, it is also possible to clean the contacting members such as the solvent removal roller  42 , by using the washing liquid  61  which has been applied to the intermediate transfer body  12  by the gravure roller  38  when wiping residual material from the intermediate transfer body  12 , and furthermore the cleaning effect of the rotation brush  62  is enhanced and the performance of the respective contacting members is maintained. In this case, desirably, the spraying of the substitute fluid from the substitute fluid spraying unit  114  is carried out after cleaning of the contacting members. 
     Moreover, if the gravure roller  38  is moved in the breadthways direction of the intermediate transfer body  12  during the maintenance and cleaning of the intermediate transfer body  12 , then it is possible to carry out maintenance and cleaning of the intermediate transfer body  12  which has a large width. 
     Description of Control System 
       FIG. 33  is a principal block diagram showing the system configuration of the inkjet recording apparatus  10 . The inkjet recording apparatus  10  includes a communication interface  270 , a system controller  272 , a memory  274 , a motor driver  276 , a heater driver  278 , a cooler control unit  279 , a print control unit  280 , an image buffer memory  282 , a head driver  284 , and the like. 
     The communication interface  270  is an interface unit for receiving image data sent from a host computer  286 . A serial interface such as USB (Universal Serial Bus), IEEE1394, Ethernet (registered trademark), wireless network, or a parallel interface such as a Centronics interface may be used as the communication interface  270 . A buffer memory (not shown) may be mounted in this portion in order to increase the communication speed. The image data sent from the host computer  286  is received by the inkjet recording apparatus  10  through the communication interface  270 , and is temporarily stored in the memory  274 . 
     The memory  274  is a storage device for temporarily storing images inputted through the communication interface  270 , and data is written and read to and from the memory  274  through the system controller  272 . The memory  274  is not limited to a memory composed of semiconductor elements, and a hard disk drive or another magnetic medium may be used. 
     The system controller  272  is constituted by a central processing unit (CPU) and peripheral circuits thereof, and the like, and it functions as a control device for controlling the whole of the inkjet recording apparatus  10  in accordance with a prescribed program, as well as a calculation device for performing various calculations. More specifically, the system controller  272  controls the various sections, such as the communication interface  270 , memory  274 , motor driver  276 , heater driver  278 , a cooler control unit  279 , and the like, as well as controlling communications with the host computer  286  and writing and reading to and from the memory  274 , and it also generates control signals for controlling the motor  288  and heater  289  of the conveyance system. 
     The program executed by the CPU of the system controller  272  and the various types of data which are required for control procedures are stored in the ROM  275 . The ROM  275  may be a non-writeable storage device, or it may be a rewriteable storage device, such as an EEPROM. The memory  274  is used as a temporary storage region for the image data, and it is also used as a program development region and a calculation work region for the CPU. 
     The motor driver  276  is a driver which drives the motor  288  in accordance with instructions from the system controller  272 . In  FIG. 33 , the motors disposed in the respective sections in the apparatus are represented by the reference numeral  288 . For example, the motor  288  shown in  FIG. 33  includes a motor which drives the drive rollers in the tensioning rollers  34 A to  34 C in  FIG. 1 , a motor of the movement mechanism of the solvent removal roller  42 , a motor of the movement mechanisms of the transfer roller  36  and the pressurization roller  48  and the like. 
     The heater driver  278  shown in  FIG. 33  is a driver which drives the heater  289  in accordance with instructions from the system controller  272 . In  FIG. 33 , the plurality of heaters which are provided in the inkjet recording apparatus  10  are represented by the reference numeral  289 . For instance, the heater  289  shown in  FIG. 33  includes a heater of a heating unit  18  shown in  FIG. 1 , a pre-heater  46 , the heater  65  in the first cleaning unit  30 , and the like. 
     The cooler control unit  279  in  FIG. 33  is a control unit which controls the temperature of the cooler  20  (see  FIG. 1 ) in accordance with the instructions from the system controller  272 . 
     The print control unit  280  has a signal processing function for performing various tasks, compensations, and other types of processing for generating print control signals from the image data stored in the memory  274  in accordance with commands from the system controller  272  so as to supply the generated print data (dot data) to the head driver  284 . Prescribed signal processing is carried out in the print control unit  280 , and the ejection amount and the ejection timing of the ink droplets from the respective print heads  80  are controlled via the head driver  284 , on the basis of the print data. By this means, prescribed dot size and dot positions can be achieved. 
     The print control unit  280  is provided with the image buffer memory  282 ; and image data, parameters, and other data are temporarily stored in the image buffer memory  282  when image data is processed in the print control unit  280 . The aspect shown in  FIG. 33  is one in which the image buffer memory  282  accompanies the print control unit  280 ; however, the memory  274  may also serve as the image buffer memory  282 . Also possible is an aspect in which the print control unit  280  and the system controller  272  are integrated to form a single processor. 
     To give a general description of the sequence of processing from image input to print output, image data to be printed is input from an external source via a communications interface  270 , and is accumulated in the memory  274 . At this stage, RGB image data is stored in the memory  274 , for example. 
     In this inkjet recording apparatus  10 , an image which appears to have a continuous tonal graduation to the human eye is formed by changing the droplet ejection density and the dot size of fine dots created by ink (coloring material), and therefore, it is necessary to convert the input digital image into a dot pattern which reproduces the tonal gradations of the image (namely, the light and shade toning of the image) as faithfully as possible. Therefore, original image data (RGB data) stored in the memory  274  is sent to the print control unit  280  through the system controller  272 , and is converted to the dot data for each ink color by a half-toning technique, using a threshold value matrix, error diffusion, or the like, in the print control unit  280 . 
     In other words, the print control unit  280  performs processing for converting the input RGB image data into dot data for the four colors of K, C, M and Y. The dot data generated by the print control unit  280  in this way is stored in the image buffer memory  282 . The primary image formed on the intermediate transfer body  12  is a mirror image of the secondary image which is to be formed finally on the recording medium  14 , taking account of the fact that it is reversed when transferred onto the recording medium. In other words, the drive signals supplied to the heads  22 Y,  22 M,  22 C and  22 K are drive signals corresponding to a mirror image, and therefore the input image is required to be subjected to reversal processing by the print control unit  280 . 
     The head driver  284  outputs drive signals for driving the actuators  88  corresponding to the respective nozzles  81  of the heads  80 , on the basis of the print data supplied by the print control unit  280  (in other words, the dot data stored in the image buffer memory  282 ). A feedback control system for maintaining constant drive conditions for the heads may be included in the head driver  284 . 
     By supplying the drive signals output by the head driver  284  to the print heads  80 , inks are ejected from the corresponding nozzles  81 . An image (primary image) is formed on the intermediate transfer body  12  by controlling ink ejection from the heads  80  while conveying the intermediate transfer body  12  at a prescribed speed. 
     Furthermore, the system controller  272  controls the transfer control unit  292  and the treatment liquid application control unit  294 , and furthermore, it also controls the operation of the solvent removal unit  24 , the first cleaning unit  30  and the second cleaning unit  32  described above with reference to  FIG. 1 . 
     The transfer control unit  292  shown in  FIG. 33  controls the temperature and the nip pressure of the transfer roller  36  and the pressure roller  48  in the transfer unit  26  (see  FIG. 1 ). The optimal values for the nip pressure and transfer temperature (target control values) are previously determined for each type of recording medium  14  and each type of ink, and this data is stored in a prescribed memory (for example, a ROM  275 ) in the form of a data table. When the system controller  272  acquires information about the recording medium  14  being used and the ink being used, on the basis of an input made by an operator, or by automatically reading in information by means of a prescribed sensor, then the system controller  272  controls the temperature and the nip pressure of the transfer roller  36  and the pressurization roller  48  accordingly, by referring to the data table. 
     The treatment liquid application control unit  294  shown in  FIG. 33  controls the operation of the treatment liquid application unit  16  in accordance with the instructions from the system controller  272 . If a liquid application apparatus  100  as shown in  FIG. 7  is used for the treatment liquid application unit  16 , then as shown in  FIG. 33 , the liquid discharge valve  302 , the liquid supply pump  104 , the abutment/separation mechanism drive unit  304  of the gravure roller, the gravure roller rotation drive unit  306 , the substitute fluid spraying valve  308 , and the like, are controlled by the treatment liquid application control unit  294 . 
     In this case, the liquid discharge valve  302  includes the treatment liquid discharge valve  126  and the removed liquid discharge valve  132  shown in  FIG. 7 . Furthermore, the substitute fluid spray valve  308  in  FIG. 33  corresponds to an electromagnetic valve, or the like, which turns the spraying by substitute fluid spraying unit  114  shown in  FIG. 7  on and off. 
     The system controller  272  judges the image forming region and the non-image forming region on the intermediate transfer body  12 , on the basis of the image data that is to be printed, and it controls the on and off switching of the substitute fluid spraying valve  308  in such a manner that the treatment liquid is not applied onto the portion which corresponds to the non-image forming region (i.e., the system controller  272  controls the substitute fluid spraying valve  308  so that the treatment liquid does not remain on the portion corresponding to the non-image forming region). Consequently, the treatment liquid is applied selectively onto the portion of the intermediate transfer body  12  which corresponds to the image forming region. In the case of the present embodiment, the combination of the system controller  272  and the treatment liquid application control unit  294  functions as a “substitute fluid spray control device”. 
     During maintenance and cleaning of the intermediate transfer body  12  when not forming images, for instance, when the inkjet recording apparatus is started up, at standby or carrying out batch processing, or in other such circumstances, in order to remove the residual material which has been retained in the cells of the gravure roller  38 , the treatment liquid application control unit  294  controls the substitute fluid spray valve  308  to spray the substitute fluid onto the external circumferential surface of the gravure roller  38 . 
     Furthermore, in carrying out maintenance and cleaning of the intermediate transfer body  12 , the system controller  272  issues an instruction to the first cleaning unit controller  320  whereby the blade  64  is controlled to separate from the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
     Simultaneously with this, the system controller  272  can also issue an instruction to the treatment liquid application control unit  294  whereby the amount by which the gravure roller  38  is pressed against the intermediate transfer body  12  in a state of abutment against the intermediate transfer body  12  is increased in comparison with the amount during image formation, by means of the abutment/separation mechanism drive unit  304 . Alternatively, the system controller  272  may also control the tensioning roller  34 C ( FIG. 1 ) so as to increase the tension of the intermediate transfer body  12  in a state where the gravure roller  38  is abutted against the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
     In the treatment liquid application unit  16 , if a liquid application apparatus  150  as shown in  FIG. 12  is used, then instead of the composition involving the liquid discharge valve  302  and the liquid supply pump  104  shown in  FIG. 33 , the variable precision regulator  310  and the treatment liquid spray valve  312  are controlled, as shown in  FIG. 34 . The variable precision regulator  310  referred to here is a device which changes the spray pressure from treatment liquid spray unit  152  in  FIG. 12 , and it corresponds to the element indicated by reference numeral  188  in the example shown in  FIG. 15 . 
     Moreover, the treatment liquid spray valve  312  shown in  FIG. 34  is a device for switching the spray of the treatment liquid spray unit  152  in  FIG. 12 , on and off, and it corresponds to the electromagnetic valve indicated by reference numeral  182  in the example in  FIG. 15 . 
       FIG. 35  is a block diagram showing the composition of a solvent removal control unit  340 . The solvent removal control unit  340  shown in  FIG. 35  controls the operation of the solvent removal unit  24  in accordance with the instructions from the system controller  272 . As shown in  FIG. 35 , the solvent removal control unit  340  controls the variable precision regulator  342 , the temperature adjuster  343 , the mist spray valve  344 , the abutment/separation mechanism drive unit  346  of the solvent removal roller  42 , the solvent removal roller rotation drive unit  348 , the gas spray valve  350 , the temperature adjuster  351 , the variable precision regulator  352 , and the like. 
     The mist spray valve  344  in  FIG. 35  corresponds to, for example, an electromagnetic valve  222  described above with reference to  FIG. 19  which turns the spray from the nozzle body  220  on and off. 
     The system controller  272  controls the mist spray valve  344  to spray and not to spray the liquid, thereby adjusting the amount of the liquid deposited on the solvent removal roller  42 , on the basis of the image data to be printed. By this means, the amount of the liquid on the intermediate transfer body  12  is adjusted. 
     The variable precision regulator  342  referred to here is a device which changes the spray pressure from the mist spray nozzle  43  in  FIG. 17 , and it corresponds to the element indicated by reference numeral  234  in the example shown in  FIG. 19 . 
     Moreover, the gas spray valve  350  is a device for switching on and off the spray from the gas spray nozzle  45  in  FIG. 17 , and it corresponds to the electromagnetic valve indicated by reference numeral  212  in the example in  FIG. 19 . 
     Furthermore, the variable precision regulator  352  referred to here is a device which changes the spray pressure from the gas spray nozzle  45  in  FIG. 17 , and it corresponds to the element indicated by reference numeral  216  in the example shown in  FIG. 19 . 
     Furthermore, the temperature adjuster  343  is a device for heating the liquid which forms the mist that is sprayed from the mist spray valve  344 , and this corresponds to the element indicated by reference numeral  224  in the example in  FIG. 19 . Moreover, the temperature adjuster  351  is a device for heating the gas which is sprayed from the gas spray valve  350 , and this corresponds to the element indicated by reference numeral  213  in the example in  FIG. 19 . 
     Furthermore, the roller heating unit  354  is a device for heating the solvent removal roller  42  (and in particular, the outer circumferential surface of the solvent removal roller  42 ). 
     Moreover, the abutment/separation mechanism drive unit  346  may be controlled by the solvent removal control unit  340  to abut against the intermediate transfer body  272  during maintenance and cleaning of the intermediate transfer body  12  when not forming images, in is accordance with the instructions from the system controller  272 . By this means, it is possible to achieve cleaning of the solvent removal roller  42 . 
       FIG. 36  is a block diagram showing the composition of the first cleaning unit controller  320 . The first cleaning unit controller  320  shown in  FIG. 36  controls the operation of the first cleaning unit  30 , in accordance with the instructions from the system controller  272  shown in  FIG. 33 . As shown in  FIG. 36 , the first cleaning unit controller  320  controls a fluid controller  322 , a liquid spray valve  324 , a rotation brush drive unit  326 , the abutment/separation mechanism drive unit  327 , and the like. Furthermore, the fluid controller  322  in  FIG. 36  corresponds to the liquid supply pump  408  shown in  FIG. 22  and the compressor  438  shown in  FIG. 23 . Moreover, the liquid spray valve  324  in  FIG. 36  corresponds to the electromagnetic valve  402  shown in  FIG. 22  and the electromagnetic valve  422  and switching valve  424 , and the like, shown in  FIG. 23 . 
     Furthermore, during maintenance and cleaning of the intermediate transfer body  12  when not forming images, the first cleaning unit controller  320 , in accordance with an instruction from the system controller  272 , may control the fluid controller  322  and the liquid spray valve  324 , so as to select the washing liquid  61 , which is, for instance, a washing liquid which contains a polishing agent. Moreover, similarly, the first cleaning unit controller  320  may control the rotation brush  62  in such a manner that it is abutted against the intermediate transfer body  12 . 
       FIG. 37  is a block diagram showing the composition of the second cleaning unit controller  328 . The second cleaning unit controller  328  shown in  FIG. 37  controls the operation of the second cleaning unit  32 , in accordance with the instructions from the system controller  272  shown in  FIG. 33 . As shown in  FIG. 37 , the abutment/separation mechanism drive unit  330  of the adhesive rollers, the adhesive roller rotation drive unit  334 , the adhesive roller cleaning drive unit  336 , and the like, are controlled by the second cleaning unit controller  328 . The cleaning web (or adhesive belt)  70  described above is driven by the adhesive roller cleaning drive unit  334 . 
     The determination signal from the soiling determination unit  44  described above is input to the system controller  272 . 
     In the first embodiment which was described above, after applying an aggregation treatment agent (treatment liquid), the treatment agent is caused to dry so as to form a solid or semi-solid aggregation treatment agent layer, and droplets of ink are then deposited onto this layer. However, a mode is also possible in which the aggregation treatment agent is applied after droplets of ink are deposited on the intermediate transfer body. Below, this mode is described as a second embodiment. 
     Second Embodiment 
       FIG. 38  is a schematic drawing of an inkjet recording apparatus  700  according to a second embodiment. In  FIG. 38 , elements which are the same as or similar to the composition in  FIG. 1  are labeled with the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted here. 
     The inkjet recording apparatus  700  shown in  FIG. 38  differs from the inkjet recording apparatus  10  shown in  FIG. 1  according to the first embodiment, in respect of the undercoating liquid applied by the treatment liquid application unit  16 . Moreover, the inkjet recording apparatus  700  differs from the inkjet recording apparatus  10  in that the inkjet recording apparatus  700  is provided with a liquid ejection head (hereinafter, called “aggregation liquid head”)  702  which is arranged on the downstream side of the print unit  22  and deposits an aggregation treatment liquid (image formation liquid), instead of the heating unit  18  and cooler  20  in  FIG. 1 . 
     In other words, the inkjet recording apparatus  700  shown in the present embodiment employs a three-liquid image forming method, in which a first treatment liquid layer is formed by means of an undercoating liquid (hereinafter, called the “first treatment liquid”) on the intermediate transfer body  12 , droplets of ink are ejected into this first treatment liquid layer, and then droplets of an aggregation treatment liquid (hereinafter, called the “second treatment liquid”) which has the function of causing the ink droplets to aggregate are ejected in accordance with the liquid ink droplets in the first treatment liquid layer, thereby causing the coloring material (pigment) in the ink to aggregate and thus forming an ink aggregate. 
     The first treatment liquid which is applied by the treatment liquid application unit  16  of this inkjet recording apparatus  700  is a liquid which does not have the function of aggregating the ink droplets, even if it makes contact with the ink droplets; for example, a liquid obtained by removing the coloring material (pigment) from the ink liquid used in the print unit  22  can be used as the first treatment liquid. An example of the preparation of the first treatment liquid is shown in Table 7. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Material 
                 Weight % 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Latex LX-2 
                 8 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerine (made by Wako Pure 
                 20 
               
               
                   
                 Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.) 
               
               
                   
                 Diethylene glycol (made by Wako 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                 Pure Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.) 
               
               
                   
                 Olfine E1010 (made by Nissin 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 
               
               
                   
                 Deionized water 
                 61 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The aggregation treatment liquid (second treatment liquid) ejected from the aggregation liquid head  702  is desirably a treatment liquid which has the function of generating an ink aggregate by causing the pigment (coloring material) and the polymer micro-particles contained in the ink to aggregate by altering the pH of the ink. 
     The aggregation treatment liquid storing and loading unit  704  shown in  FIG. 38  is constituted by a tank which stores the second treatment liquid which is supplied to the aggregation liquid head  702 . The tank is connected to the treatment liquid head  702  via a prescribed flow channel. 
     The aggregation liquid head  702  according to the present embodiment uses the same composition as the head disposed in the print unit  22 . Provided that it is possible to deposit aggregation treatment liquid by a non-contact method onto the intermediate transfer body  12 , the aggregation liquid head  702  may adopt a structure having a reduced droplet ejection density (resolution) compared to the ink heads  22 Y,  22 M,  22 C and  22 K, and it may also adopt a method other than an inkjet method, such as a spray method. 
     Desirably, the component of the second treatment liquid is selected from: polyacrylic acid, acetic acid, glycol acid, malonic acid, malic acid, maleinic acid, ascorbic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, sulfonic acid, orthophosphoric acid, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, pyrone carboxylic acid, pyrrole carboxylic acid, furan carboxylic acid, pyridine carboxylic acid, cumaric acid, thiophene carboxylic acid, nicotinic acid, or derivatives of these compounds, or salts of these, or the like. 
     A desirable example of the second treatment liquid is a treatment liquid to which a multivalent salt or polyallylamine has been added. These compounds may be used singly, or a combination of two or more of these compounds may be used. 
     From the viewpoint of the pH aggregating performance with respect to the ink, the second treatment liquid desirably has a pH of 1 through 6, more desirably, a pH of 2 through 5, and particularly desirably, a pH of 3 through 5. 
     The added amount, in the second treatment liquid, of the compound which causes aggregation of the ink pigment and polymer micro-particles, is desirably not less than 0.01 wt % and not more than 20 wt %, with respect to the total weight of the liquid. If the amount is less than 0.01 wt %, then when the ink comes into contact with the second treatment liquid, the concentration and dispersion do not advance sufficiently, and a sufficient aggregating action on the basis of the pH change may not be produced. If, on the other hand, the amount is more than 20 wt %, then there are concerns over deterioration of the ejection performance from the inkjet head (for example, the occurrence of ejection abnormalities). 
     Desirably, the second treatment liquid contains water and another organic solvent which is capable of dissolving the additive, in order to prevent blocking of the nozzles of the ejection head ( 702 ) due to drying. The water or other organic solvent capable of dissolving the additive includes a moistening agent or a penetrating agent. These solvents can be used independently, or in plural fashion, together with the other additive. 
     The content of the water and the other organic solvent capable of dissolving the additive should desirably be not more than 60 wt % with respect to the total weight of the second treatment liquid. If the content is more than 60 wt %, then the viscosity of the treatment liquid increases, and the ejection characteristics from the inkjet head may deteriorate. 
     It is also possible to include a resin component in the second treatment liquid in order to improve the fixing characteristics and the rub resistance. The resin component may be any resin which would not impair the ejection characteristics from the head and which has stable storage characteristics in cases where the treatment liquid is ejected in the form of droplets by an inkjet method, and it is possible freely to choose a water-soluble resin, resin emulsion, or the like. 
     The resin component may be an acrylic polymer, a urethane polymer, a polyester polymer, a vinyl polymer, a styrene polymer, or the like. In order to display sufficiently the functions of the material in improving fixing characteristics, it is necessary to add a polymer of relatively high molecular weight, at a high concentration (1 wt % through 20 wt %). However, if it is sought to add the aforementioned materials by dissolving in the liquid, then the viscosity of the liquid increases and the ejection characteristics decline. In order to add a suitable material at a high concentration or to suppress increase in the viscosity, it is effective to add the material in the form of a latex. Possible latex materials are, for instance: an alkyl copolymer of acrylic acid, carboxyl-modified SBR (styrene-butadiene latex), SIR (styrene-isoprene latex), MBR (methyl methacrylate-butadiene latex), NBR (acrylonitrile-butadiene latex), or the like. 
     The glass transition temperature Tg of the latex has a significant effect during the fixing process, and desirably, it is not lower than 50° C. or not higher than 120° C., in order to achieve both the stability during storage at normal temperature and good transfer characteristics after heating. Moreover, during the process, the minimum film forming temperature MFT also has a significant effect on fixing and in order to achieve suitable fixing at low temperatures, desirably it is 100° C. or lower, and more desirably, 50° C. or lower. 
     A desirable mode is one where the second treatment liquid contains polymer micro-particles of opposite polarity to the ink, since this further enhances the aggregating properties by causing aggregation of the pigment and polymer micro-particles in the ink. Furthermore, the aggregating properties may be enhanced by including, in the second treatment liquid, a curing agent which corresponds to the polymer micro-particle component contained in the ink, in such a manner that the resin emulsion in the ink composition aggregates and produces a cross-linking or polymerization reaction, after the ink and second treatment liquid have come into contact. 
     The second treatment liquid may include a surfactant. Desirable examples of a surfactant are: in a hydrocarbon system, an anionic surface active agent, such as a salt of a fatty acid, an alkyl sulfate ester salt, an alkyl benzene sulfonate salt, an alkyl naphthalene sulfonate salt, a dialkyl sulfosuccinate salt, an alkyl phosphate ester salt, a naphthalene sulfonate/formalin condensate, a polyoxyethylene alkyl sulfonate ester salt, or the like; or a non-ionic surface active agent, such as a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, a polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether, a polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, a sorbitan fatty acid ester, a polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, a polyoxyethylene alkyl amine, a glycerine fatty acid ester, an oxyethylene oxypropylene block copolymer, and the like. 
     Furthermore, it is also desirable to use SURFYNOLS (Air Products &amp; Chemicals Co. Ltd.), which is a acetylene-based polyoxyethylene oxide surface active agent. Furthermore, an amine oxide type of ampholytic surface active agent, such as N,N-dimethyl-N-alkyl amine oxide, is also desirable. Moreover, the surfactants cited on pages 37 to 38 of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 59-157636, and the surfactants cited in Research Disclosure No. 308119 (1989), can be used as the surfactant of the second treatment liquid. 
     Furthermore, it is also possible to use a fluorine (alkyl fluoride) type, or silicone type of surface active agent such as those described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2003-322926, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2004-325707, and Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2004-309806. It is also possible to use a surface tension adjuster of this kind as an anti-foaming agent; and a fluoride or silicone compound, or a chelating agent, such as EDTA, can also be used. 
     If the surfactant described above is included in the second treatment liquid, then a beneficial effect is obtained in that the surface tension of the second treatment liquid is lowered and the wetting properties on the intermediate transfer body are improved. Desirably, the surface tension of the second treatment liquid is 10 through 50 mN/m, and in the case of application by means of an inkjet method, more desirably, the surface tension of the second treatment liquid is 15 through 45 mN/m from the viewpoint of achieving finer liquid droplets and improving the ejection performance. 
     Desirably, the viscosity of the second treatment liquid is 1.0 through 20.0 cP, from the viewpoint of depositing by means of an inkjet method. It is also possible to add, to a second treatment liquid, a pH buffering agent, an anti-oxidation agent, an anti-rusting agent, a viscosity adjusting agent, a conducting agent, an ultraviolet light absorbing agent, and the like. 
       FIG. 39  is a block diagram of the inkjet recording apparatus  700  shown in  FIG. 38 . In  FIG. 39 , elements which are the same as or similar to the example in  FIG. 33  are labeled with the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted here. 
     In the inkjet recording apparatus  700  shown in  FIG. 39 , an aggregation liquid head  702  and a head driver  706  which drives this head are provided as devices for depositing the aggregation treatment liquid (second treatment liquid). The head driver  706  generates drive signals to be applied to the actuators  88  in the aggregation liquid head  702 , on the basis of image data supplied from the print control unit  280 , and also comprises drive circuits which drive the actuators  88  by applying the drive signals to the actuators  88 . In this way, a desirable mode is one in which a composition for ejecting droplets of aggregation liquid in accordance with the image data is adopted, and droplets of aggregation treatment liquid are ejected selectively onto the positions where droplets of ink have been deposited by the print unit  22 , but it is also possible to adopt a mode in which the aggregation liquid is deposited in a uniform fashion by using a spray nozzle. 
     Instead of the treatment liquid application unit  16  shown in  FIG. 39 , it is also possible to adopt the composition shown in  FIG. 34 . 
     Furthermore, in the respective embodiments described above, an endless belt is used as the intermediate transfer body, but it is also possible to adopt a mode which uses a drum-shaped intermediate transfer body. In this case, from the viewpoint of the processing characteristics and the thermal control characteristics, it is desirable to use an intermediate transfer body formed by coating a fluorine elastomer onto the surface of a thin aluminum tube which is reinforced by ribs. 
     It should be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, alternate constructions and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.