Patent Publication Number: US-9837464-B2

Title: Backside structure and methods for BSI image sensors

Description:
PRIORITY CLAIM AND CROSS-REFERENCE 
     This application is a continuation application of and claims the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/090,275, filed on Apr. 4, 2016, entitled “Backside Structure and Methods for BSI Image Sensors,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/609,066, filed on Jan. 29, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,305,966, issued on Apr. 5, 2016, entitled “Backside Structure and Methods for BSI Image Sensors,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/178,084, filed on Feb. 11, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,969,991, issued on Mar. 3, 2015, entitled “Backside Structure and Methods for BSI Image Sensors,” which is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/620,016, filed on Sep. 14, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,709,854, issued on Apr. 29, 2014, entitled “Backside Structure and Methods for BSI Image Sensors,” which claims the benefit of provisionally filed U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/645,376, filed May 10, 2012, entitled “Backside Structure for BSI Image Sensor,” which applications are hereby incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Back Side Illumination (BSI) images sensors such as BSI CMOS image sensors are becomingly increasingly popular because of their compatibility with conventional CMOS manufacturing processes, low cost, small size, and high performance. CMOS image sensors are replacing more traditional charge coupled device (CCD) sensors due to certain advantages, including that CMOS image sensors consume less power, are compatible with CMOS semiconductor processes, and the sensors may be integrated with additional CMOS logic devices on a single integrated circuit device. Conventional CMOS manufacturing processes, however, are not necessarily tuned for BSI image sensors and current manufacturing processes may cause less than desirable device performance, particularly on the performance criteria of quantum efficiency (QE), signal to noise ratio (SNR), and light mean value uniformity. 
     In forming a BSI image sensor, semiconductor processing is used to form an array of photodiodes (PDs) and the associated MOS transfer transistors in a sensor array for integrated circuit dies on a semiconductor wafer, and to form periphery circuit MOS devices such as input-output buffers in the integrated circuit dies on the semiconductor wafer. As the photodiodes are exposed to light, an electrical charge is induced in the photodiodes corresponding to the light intensity. The MOS transfer transistor may sample the charge and transfer charge to a storage node for further processing. Color pixels may be formed by placing color filters over the light sensitive CMOS circuitry. 
     To form the BSI image sensor, after the CMOS photodiodes and MOS transistors are formed, additional semiconductor processing is performed on the back side (the side free from metallization layers and interlayer dielectrics) of the semiconductor wafer. In conventional BSI processing, the processing includes forming a buffer oxide and a metal shield over the wafer. The buffer oxide and metal shield are then selectively removed from the sensor array area of the integrated circuit dies, while the metal shield is retained over the periphery area. 
     However, in the conventional semiconductor processing, an etch to remove the metal shield from the sensor array areas also removes either a portion of, or all of the buffer oxide layer. The conventional etch process results in either a non-uniform buffer oxide thickness or no oxide thickness over the sensor array areas, which negatively impacts the performance of the BSI image sensor. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which: 
         FIG. 1  depicts in a plan view a BSI image sensor device; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates in a cross sectional view an intermediate stage in the manufacture of an illustrative embodiment BSI image sensor device; 
         FIG. 3  illustrate in a cross sectional view the BSI image sensor device of  FIG. 2  following additional processing steps; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates in a cross sectional view the BSI image sensor device of  FIG. 3  following additional processing steps; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates in a cross sectional view the BSI image sensor device of  FIG. 4  following additional processing steps; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates in a cross sectional view the BSI image sensor device of  FIG. 5  following additional processing steps; and 
         FIG. 7  illustrates method embodiment in a flow diagram. 
     
    
    
     Corresponding numerals and symbols in the different figures generally refer to corresponding parts unless otherwise indicated. The figures are drawn to clearly illustrate the relevant aspects of the preferred embodiments and are not necessarily drawn to scale. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The making and using of illustrative example embodiments are discussed in detail below. It should be appreciated, however, that this application provides many applicable inventive concepts that can be embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts. The specific embodiments discussed herein are merely illustrative of specific ways to make and use embodiments, and do not limit either the scope of this application or of the appended claims. 
     Before discussing the illustrated embodiments specifically, various embodiments and advantageous features thereof will be discussed generally. For instance, advantageous features of some embodiments may include improved QE, SNR, and light mean uniformity and light value performance. Some embodiments allow fine tuning of the thicknesses of layers in the light path of the image sensor to tune the color light mean value and color ratio of the device. As illustrated below, embodiments disclosed herein provide for a relatively simple structure and low cost semiconductor processes that nonetheless provide for improved performance as discussed herein. One skilled in the art will recognize that the teachings provided herein can be readily applied to present and future generation processes for manufacturing image sensors. 
     Both front side illumination (FSI) and BSI image sensors are known. However, when using a FSI image sensor, the light impinging on a photodiode in the sensor must first pass through the metallization layers and the interlayer dielectric material overlying the front side of the substrate, which reduces the light level impinging on the photodiode, lowers the QE, increases the noise (lowers SNR), and generally reduces performance of the sensor device. BSI image sensors are therefore increasingly used. In a BSI image sensor such as those described in the embodiments, the light enters the semiconductor substrate from the back side, and the light impinging on the photodiodes traverses a relatively thin semiconductor layer and without having to traverse any overlying metallization layers and interdielectric layers, in sharp contrast to the FSI image sensors. Use of BSI image sensors may therefore increase image sensor performance. 
     With reference now to the illustrative embodiments,  FIG. 1  depicts in a top view a BSI image sensor  100 . The image sensor  100  may be an integrated circuit including an array region of photodiodes  103  and a periphery region  101 . Each photodiode  103  may include a photosensitive diode (p-n junction) and associated transistors for receiving signals proportional to the intensity or light received by the photosensitive diodes during a light sampling interval. Circuitry for providing functions other than photodiodes, such as input output buffers and logic circuitry, may be formed in the periphery region  101 . This additional circuitry may include logic circuitry for operating the sensor array and circuitry for communicating the data corresponding to the sensed light to external devices. The periphery region  101  is positioned adjacent to the sensor array region  103 . The integrated circuit device  100  may be formed on a semiconductor substrate such as silicon, germanium arsenide, or other semiconductor material. In an example embodiment, the integrated circuit  100  may be formed on a silicon wafer. A silicon wafer may have hundreds or thousands of image sensor integrated circuits such as  100  formed on it, using conventional semiconductor processes. 
       FIG. 2  shows in a cross sectional view an illustrative embodiment device  200 , a BSI image sensor, at an intermediate stage of manufacture.  FIG. 2  illustrates only a portion of the device  200 . In a practical example, an image sensor device will include many hundreds or thousands of photodiodes in a sensor array area  205 . Further, typically the device  200  is formed on a semiconductor wafer that may include many hundreds or thousands of BSI integrated circuit devices arranged as individual dies on each semiconductor wafer. Processing steps and details not necessary to understanding the embodiments are omitted herein for clarity. 
     In the intermediate processing stage, shown in the cross section of  FIG. 2 , a semiconductor substrate  201  has been processed to include the sensor array region  205  and a periphery region  207 , the manufacture and function of which will be clear to those skilled in the art. 
     In  FIG. 2 , semiconductor substrate  201  has a front side  202  and a back side  204 . The semiconductor substrate  201  may be of a semiconductor material such as silicon, germanium, and diamond or like materials. Compound materials used for semiconductor substrates such as silicon germanium, silicon carbide, gallium arsenide, indium arsenide or indium phosphide, and combinations of these, may be used. In alternative embodiments, the substrate  201  may comprise a silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , semiconductor substrate  201  has been processed using front end of the line (FEOL) processes to form a photodiode in a diffusion region  215  including a second diffused region  225  in the sensor array region  205 . Diffused regions  221  and  223  in the periphery region  207  form doped wells that may be used, for example, to form CMOS logic transistors in the periphery region  207 . Isolation structures  213  are shown between the diffused regions; these may be shallow trench isolation (STI) or LOCOS isolation. Gate structures  217 ,  219 , and  229  may be formed as patterned gate conductors overlying the diffused regions including a gate dielectric and a conductor, and may be formed of a doped polysilicon material for example, or by using metal gate processes. The gate dielectric material (not visible) may be silicon dioxide, or high or low-k gate dielectric material. Diffused region  209  and gate  229  may form a photodiode transfer transistor. The transfer transistor may be used for transferring charge corresponding to the light sensed by the photodiode in diffusion  215  during a sampling interval into a storage node (not shown), for example. The photodiode may be formed as a diffusion region  215  of one doping type, such as an n type, and a second diffusion region of an opposing doping type  225 , such a p type, to form a p-n junction for a photodiode. Pinned photodiodes may be used. The sensor array region  205  may also include pixel circuitry such as transfer gate  229 , and in addition reset transistors, source follower transistors, and read select transistors for each photo detector may be formed in the sensor array region  205 . Three transistor (3T) and four transistor (4T) pixel circuits, for example, may be formed with the photodiodes in the sensor array region  205 . 
     After manufacturing the BSI array as further described below, color filters (not shown) that selectively pass light of certain frequencies which may include red, green and blue colors (R/G/B) are formed over the back side  204  of semiconductor substrate  201  over the sensor array region  205  to create color pixels. Microlens material (not shown) may be formed over the color filters to further improve the light reception. As semiconductor process technologies advance, device sizes continue to shrink, including the size of the photodiodes and thus the light sensitivity of the image sensors produced is reduced. This makes the quantum efficiency (QE) and signal to noise ratio (SNR) characteristics ever more critical. Cross-talk effects can also increase especially for longer wavelength light, such as red light. The ability to tune the light path to the photodiode enables accomplishing higher performance image sensors for various applications. Embodiments presented herein enable tuning of the layers the light path. 
     In  FIG. 2 , metallization layers  211  are shown overlying the semiconductor substrate  201  on the front side surface  202  and the metallization layers  211  are formed within a dielectric layer  206 . A front side passivation layer  203  overlies the front side  202  of the substrate  201 . (Note that while the front side  202  of the semiconductor substrate  201  is depicted facing upwards in the figures, the position of the substrate and the overlying layers is arbitrary in the figures, and rotating the device  200  does not change the functions and relative positions of the elements shown. As depicted in the figures, the back side  204  of the semiconductor substrate is shown oriented facing downwards; however, this does not change which portion is the back side of the device  200 , even when the orientation is different.) 
       FIG. 3  depicts the illustrative embodiment device  200  from  FIG. 2  following additional processing steps. In  FIG. 3 , a bottom antireflective coating (BARC) layer  231  is shown formed over the back side  204  of the semiconductor substrate  201 . (Note that the terms “on,” “over,” “above” and “like” are relative terms, regardless of whether the layers are being added to the nominal “top” of the device or to the nominal “bottom” of the device as illustrated in the figures). The BARC layer  231  may be, for example, a silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride or carbon containing layer such as silicon carbide and may be formed by CVD or PVD deposition. The BARC layer is chosen so that it may act as an etch stop layer for an overlying dielectric such as an oxide. In  FIG. 3 , a buffer oxide layer  233  is shown overlying the BARC layer  231 . Finally, a metal shield layer  235  is formed overlying the buffer oxide layer  233 . The metal shield layer  235  may be tungsten, aluminum, copper or combinations such as AlCu. The deposition of the metal shield may be performed in a PVD process. When the device  200  is completed as further described herein, the metal shield layer  235  forms a light shield overlying the periphery region  207 , so that the circuitry formed in the periphery region  207  is not exposed to light impinging on the image sensor device, thus the operation of the CMOS transistors in the periphery region  207  will not be affected by light impinging on the device  200 . 
       FIG. 4  depicts, in a cross section, the embodiment image sensor device  200  during an etch process to remove certain layers over the sensor array region  205 . A photoresist layer  311  is formed over the semiconductor substrate  201  and patterned by photolithography to expose the metal shield layer  235  over the sensor array region  205 . The photoresist  311  remains over the periphery region  207 . An etch process is used to selectively remove the metal shield  235  over the sensor array region  205 , while the photoresist  311  acts as an etch mask over the periphery region  207 . That is, a mask layer, such as the illustrated photoresist layer  311  or a hard mask layer or the like is formed over all or a portion of the periphery region  207 , but leaves the sensor array region  205  exposed. One skilled in the art will recognize how such a mask layer can be formed and patterned in this manner. Using one or more wet and/or dry etch processes, the metal shield layer  235  and the buffer oxide layer  233  are removed in the exposed sensor array region  205 , and any exposed portions of the periphery region  207 . In an example embodiment, a dry etch is used. As shown in  FIG. 4 , the etch process also removes a portion of the exposed regions of the BARC layer  231  (i.e. those portions in the sensor array region  205  and the portion exposed in the periphery region  207 ). In contemplated embodiments, at least 10% of the original thickness of the BARC layer  231  will be removed in order to ensure that all remaining buffer oxide layer  233  has been removed. This is commonly referred to as an over-etch step or process. Removing a portion of the BARC layer  231  is done to completely remove the buffer oxide layer over the BARC layer in all portions of the sensor array area  205 . In an example process, the etch continues until at least 10% of the original BARC layer thickness is removed. In other embodiments, more than 10% of the original BARC layer thickness may be removed by the over-etch process. The etch process also forms a vertical sidewall in the oxide layer  233  and the metal shield  235  as shown in  FIG. 4 . 
       FIG. 5  is another cross sectional view that further illustrates the device  200  of  FIG. 4  and in particular shows the results of the over-etch of the BARC layer  231 . The thickness t 0  is the thickness of the BARC layer  231  that was removed by the etch process, and thickness t 0  may be at least 10% of the thickness t 2  of the BARC layer  231  over the periphery region  207 , which is the thickness of the BARC layer  231  prior to the etching. The thickness t 1  shown in  FIG. 5  indicates the thickness of the BARC layer  231  remaining over the array region  205  after the etch process. The thickness t 2  indicates the thickness of the BARC layer over the periphery region, i.e. the portions that have not been over etched. In illustrative embodiments, t 1  may be 90% or less of t 2 . 
       FIG. 6  illustrates in another cross sectional view the embodiment image sensor device  200  following additional processing. After etch of the BARC layer  231  is completed as described above, a dielectric layer  237  is deposited over the back side  204  of the semiconductor substrate  201 . The dielectric layer  237  may also be an oxide and this may be described as an oxide re-deposition step, as the layer  237  replaces the buffer oxide  233  removed from the sensor array region  205  by the above described etch processes. The dielectric layer  237  may be deposited by a CVD process. In the sensor array region  205 , the oxide layer  237  now overlies the BARC layer  231 . In the periphery region  207 , the second dielectric or oxide layer  237  overlies the metal shield layer  235 . The layer  237  also forms a thickness t 3  on the vertical sidewall of the metal shield layer  235 . Because this re-deposited oxide layer is deposited and is not then subsequently etched, a uniform thickness t 4  of the layer  237  is easily obtained using known semiconductor processes. The thickness t 4  of the layer  237  is highly uniform across the sensor array  205 , across a particular integrated circuit die, and also across the entire semiconductor wafer. In contemplated embodiments, the thickness uniformity of layer  237  will vary by perhaps less than 7% over a semiconductor wafer. 
     In  FIG. 6 , t 4  represents the thickness of the dielectric layer  237  on the surface of the BARC layer  231  (in the sensor array region  205 ) and the surface of the metal shield  235  (in the periphery region  207 ), i.e. the “horizontal” surfaces, whereas thickness t 3  represents the thickness of the dielectric layer  237  on the vertical sidewall of the patterned layers (the metal shield layer  235 , the buffer oxide layer  233 , and the BARC layer  231  in the periphery region  207 ). In the contemplated embodiments, the ratio of t 3 /t 4  is greater than about 40%. 
     In one example embodiment, the dielectric layer  237  is an oxide layer. While one skilled in the art will recognize various additional materials that could be employed for the dielectric film  237 , examples include SiO 2 , SiN, SiC, SiON, Ta 2 O 5 , Al 2 O 3 , HfO or more complex films that are formed by combinations of these components. By controlling the thickness of the second dielectric layer  237  through process control of the dielectric deposition, and by selection of the material, the thickness and properties of the materials over the back side  204  of the semiconductor substrate  201  can be controlled. These control parameters provide a tuning mechanism for tuning the image sensor in different applications, controlling the light mean value achieved. 
     Also shown in  FIG. 6  is a passivation layer  239  deposited over the substrate. In the sensor array region  205 , the passivation layer  239  is formed over the oxide layer  237  and the BARC layer  231 . In the periphery region  207 , the passivation layer  239  is formed over the oxide layer  237 , the metal shield layer  235 , the buffer oxide layer  233 , and the BARC layer  231 . The passivation layer may be silicon nitride, for example. The passivation layer  239  may be deposited by CVD, for example. 
     The thickness t 5  in  FIG. 6  represents the total film thickness above the array region  205 , i.e., the remaining thickness of the BARC layer  231  after the over-etch described above, the thickness t 4  of the dielectric film  237 , and the thickness of the passivation layer  239 . If thickness t 5  is too low, the color light mean of the resulting image sensor cannot be tuned. On the other hand, if thickness t 5  is too thick, it may induce color cross talk. While various thickness ranges for t 5  are within the contemplated scope of the claims, illustrative embodiments may have a thickness t 5  in the range of from about 500 Å to about 8000 Å. 
     Following the deposition of the passivation layer  239  as shown in  FIG. 6 , processing of the BSI image sensor will continue. Color filter structures and microlens devices (not shown) may be formed over the passivation layer  239  of BSI device  200 . The color filter structures will selectively pass red, green and blue (R/G/B) frequency light onto corresponding photodiodes in the sensor array region  205 , so that color pixel elements may be formed. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a method embodiment in a flow diagram. Beginning at stage  61 , a semiconductor substrate is provided with a sensor array region of photodiodes and a periphery region of circuitry. At stage  63 , an antireflective coating is formed over a back side of the semiconductor substrate. At stage  65 , a first dielectric layer is formed over the antireflective coating. At stage  67 , a metal shield layer is formed over the first dielectric layer. 
     At stage  69 , a photolithographic pattern and etch process is used to selectively remove the metal shield layer and the buffer oxide layer from the BARC layer over the sensor array, while the metal shield and the buffer oxide layer are retained over the devices in the periphery region. The etch process is continued to remove a portion of the BARC layer over the sensor array region, so as to ensure the buffer oxide layer is completely removed from the BARC layer over the sensor array region. 
     At stage  71 , a second dielectric layer, which may be an oxide layer, is formed over the substrate. In the sensor array region, the second dielectric layer is deposited over the BARC layer. In the periphery region, the second dielectric layer is over the metal shield layer. 
     At stage  73 , a passivation layer is formed over the dielectric layer. The thickness of the passivation layer, the second dielectric layer, and the BARC layer over the back side of the semiconductor substrate is formed to a thickness that is in a range of from about 500 Å to about 8000 Å. 
     Use of the embodiments results in a dielectric layer over a sensor array of photodiodes that has a uniform thickness. Further, the thickness of the layers over the sensor array and the material used may be controlled, and thus, the light path to the photodiodes in the sensor array may be tuned. This is in sharp contrast to the prior approaches. The R/G/B light mean ratio for the image sensor may be fine-tuned. The light mean uniformity and light mean value may be improved, as well as the QE and the SNR. The processes used in the embodiments are conventional semiconductor processes that are readily available and easily extended to future process nodes. 
     In an embodiment, a method for forming an image sensor includes providing a semiconductor substrate having a sensor array region and a periphery region and having a front side surface and an opposing back side surface; forming a bottom anti-reflective coating (BARC) over the back side surface of the semiconductor substrate to a first thickness, over the sensor array region and the periphery region; forming a first dielectric layer over the BARC; forming a metal shield over the first dielectric layer; selectively removing the metal shield from over the sensor array region; selectively removing the first dielectric layer from over the sensor array region, wherein a portion of the first thickness of the BARC is also removed and a remainder of the first thickness of the BARC remains, during the selectively removing the first dielectric layer; forming a second dielectric layer over the remainder of the first thickness of the BARC and over the metal shield over the periphery region; and forming a passivation layer over the second dielectric layer. In a further embodiment, in the above method the portion of the first thickness of the BARC removed is at least about 10% of the first thickness. In still another embodiment in the above method, the portion of the BARC that remains has a thickness that is less than about 90% of the first thickness. In yet another embodiment, in the above methods, forming the first dielectric layer includes forming buffer oxide. 
     In yet another embodiment, the above method further includes forming the second dielectric layer including depositing one selected from the group consisting essentially of SiO 2 , SiN, SiC, SiON, Ta 2 O 5 , Al 2 O 3 , HfO, and a complex film formed by combinations of these components. In still a further embodiment, in the above method, forming the second dielectric layer includes depositing one selected from the group consisting essentially of SiO 2 , SiN, SiC, SiON, Ta 2 O 5 , Al 2 O 3 , HfO, and a layer formed of combinations of these. 
     In still a further embodiment, in the above methods, following the forming of the passivation layer, a total thickness of the remainder of the first thickness of the BARC, the second dielectric layer, and the passivation layer over the sensor array region ranges from about 500 Å to about 8000 Å. In yet another embodiment, in the above method, forming the second dielectric layer includes forming a second dielectric layer that has a thickness that varies less than 7% in uniformity. In yet another embodiment, in the above method, the periphery region further includes CMOS transistors. In still another embodiment, the above methods include wherein a portion of the second dielectric layer formed over the sensor array region has a third thickness and a portion of the second dielectric layer formed on a vertical sidewall of the metal shield after the selectively removing has a fourth thickness, and a ratio of the fourth thickness to the third thickness is greater than about 40%. In yet another embodiment, the above methods include wherein the selectively removing comprises performing a dry etch process, while the periphery region is protected by a photoresist layer. 
     In another embodiment, a BSI image sensor includes a semiconductor substrate having a sensor array region and a periphery region formed in the semiconductor substrate, and having a front side surface and a back side surface; a plurality of metallization layers formed in a dielectric layer overlying the front side surface of the semiconductor substrate; a BARC layer formed over the back side surface of the semiconductor substrate having a first thickness over the sensor array region, and a second greater thickness over the periphery region; a first dielectric layer formed over the BARC layer in the periphery region; a metal shield layer formed over the first dielectric layer in the periphery region; a second dielectric layer formed over the back side of the semiconductor substrate over the first thickness of the BARC layer over the sensor array region, and over the metal shield over the periphery region; and a passivation layer formed over the second dielectric layer; wherein a total thickness of the BARC layer, the second dielectric layer, and the passivation layer over the sensor array region ranges from about 500 Å to about 8000 Å. 
     In another embodiment, the BSI image sensor is provided wherein the first dielectric layer comprises a buffer oxide. In still a further embodiment, in the BSI image sensor above, the second dielectric layer includes one selected from the group consisting essentially of SiO 2 , SiN, SiC, SiON, Ta 2 O 5 , Al 2 O 3 , HfO, and a complex film formed by combinations of these components. In a further embodiment, the BSI image sensor is provided wherein the second dielectric layer an oxide layer. In yet another embodiment, the BSI image sensor is provided and the second dielectric layer has a thickness over sensor array region that is a first thickness, and a thickness over a vertical sidewall of the metal shield over the periphery region that is a second thickness, and a ratio of the second thickness to the first thickness is greater than about 40%. In still a further embodiment, the BSI image sensor is provided wherein the first thickness of the BARC layer is less than about 90% of the second thickness of the BARC layer. In yet another embodiment, the BSI image sensor is provided wherein the wherein the second dielectric layer has a thickness that varies less than 7% in uniformity. 
     In yet another embodiment, a BSI image sensor is provided including a semiconductor substrate having a front side surface and a back side surface; a plurality of photodiodes formed in a sensor array region of the semiconductor substrate; a plurality of CMOS transistors formed in a periphery region adjacent the sensor array region of the semiconductor substrate; a BARC layer overlying the back side surface of the semiconductor substrate having a first thickness in the sensor array region and a second thickness greater than the first thickness in the periphery region; a buffer oxide layer overlying the BARC layer in the periphery region but not in the sensor array region; a metal shield layer overlying the buffer oxide layer in the periphery region; a second dielectric layer overlying the BARC layer in the sensor array region and overlying the metal shield layer in the periphery region, the second dielectric layer being one selected from the group consisting essentially of SiO 2 , SiN, SiC, SiON, Ta 2 O 5 , Al 2 O 3 , HfO, and a complex film formed by combinations of these components; and a passivation layer over the second dielectric layer. In a further embodiment, the BSI image sensor includes wherein a total thickness of the first thickness of the BARC layer, the second dielectric layer, and the passivation layer over the sensor array region ranges from about 500 Å to about 8000 Å. 
     In yet still another embodiment, an image sensor is provided. The image sensor includes a substrate having a sensor region and a periphery region, the substrate having a front side and a back side, the front side having active circuitry thereon, an antireflective coating on the back side of the substrate, the antireflective coating having a first thickness over the sensor region and a second thickness over the periphery region, the second thickness being greater than the first thickness; and one or more insulating layers over the antireflective coating. 
     In yet still another embodiment, an image sensor is provided. The image sensor includes a substrate having a sensor region and a periphery region, a plurality of metallization layers in a dielectric layer overlying a first side of the substrate, and an antireflective coating over a second side of the substrate opposite the first side of the substrate, the antireflective coating having a first thickness over the sensor region and a second thickness over the periphery region. The image sensor further includes a metal shield layer formed over the antireflective coating in the periphery region and one or more insulating layers over the antireflective coating. 
     In yet still another embodiment, an image sensor is provided. The image sensor includes a substrate having a sensor region and a periphery region, the sensor region having one or more photodiodes, active circuitry along a first side of the substrate, and an antireflective layer overlying a second side of the substrate, the antireflective layer having a first thickness in the sensor region and a second thickness greater than the first thickness in the periphery region. The image sensor further includes a buffer oxide layer overlying the antireflective layer in the periphery region, the buffer oxide layer not extending over the sensor region, a metal shield layer overlying the buffer oxide layer in the periphery region, and one or more insulating layers over the metal shield layer. 
     In yet still another embodiment, a method includes forming a plurality of metallization layers on a front side surface of a substrate, the substrate having a sensor array region and a periphery region adjacent the sensor array region. An anti-reflective coating layer is deposited on a back side surface of the substrate, the anti-reflective coating layer having a first portion over the sensor array region and a second portion over the periphery region. A metal shield is formed over the periphery region, the second portion of the anti-reflective coating layer being interposed between the back side surface of the substrate and the metal shield. A first thickness of the first portion of the anti-reflective coating layer is reduced without altering a second thickness of the second portion of the anti-reflective coating layer. One or more dielectric layers are formed over the anti-reflective coating layer, the metal shield being interposed between the second portion of the anti-reflective coating layer and the one or more dielectric layers. 
     In yet still another embodiment, a method includes forming an anti-reflective coating layer over a substrate, the substrate having a photosensitive element in a first region and other circuitry in a second region. A first dielectric layer is formed over the anti-reflective coating layer. A metal layer is formed over the first dielectric layer. The anti-reflective coating layer, the first dielectric layer and the metal layer are patterned to form a recess over the first region, the recess extending into the anti-reflective coating layer, wherein a portion of the anti-reflective coating layer is interposed between a bottom of the recess and the substrate. A second dielectric layer is formed along the bottom and a sidewall of the recess. 
     In yet still another embodiment, a method includes forming a plurality of photosensitive elements in a first region on a first side of a substrate. Circuitry is formed in a second region adjacent the first region on the first side of the substrate. An anti-reflective coating layer is deposited on a second side of the substrate, the second side being opposite the first side. A buffer layer is deposited over the anti-reflective coating layer. A metal layer is deposited over the buffer layer. A patterned mask is formed over the metal layer, the patterned mask exposing a first portion of the metal layer over the first region and protecting a second portion of the metal layer over the second region. The first portion of the metal layer and underlying portions of the buffer layer and the anti-reflective coating layer are etched to form a recess, a bottom of the recess being within the anti-reflective coating layer. 
     While the embodiments are described herein with reference to illustrative embodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. For example, although in the illustrative embodiments CMOS photodiodes are described as the photosensitive elements, CCD devices could also be used. It is therefore intended that the appended claims encompass any such modifications or embodiments.