Patent Publication Number: US-2020279497-A1

Title: Instruction production

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE 
     This application claims the benefit of and incorporates by reference herein U.S. non-provisional patent application Ser. No. 13/769,385 which was filed on Feb. 17, 2013. This application is a continuation of, also claims the benefit of, and incorporates by reference herein U.S. non-provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/201,555 which was filed on Jul. 4, 2016 and claims priority to U.S. non-provisional patent application Ser. No. 13/769,385. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     A person can desire to gain a specific skill set and seek out a coach for instruction of the specific skill. In a non-limiting example, the person can desire to improve his or her golf swing. To improve his or her golf swing, the person (golfer) can contact a club professional at a local golf club for lessons. The golfer can meet with the club professional and the club professional can provide insight as to how the golfer can improve his or her golf swing. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the detailed description, illustrate various example systems, methods, and other example embodiments of various innovative aspects. These drawings include: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system that includes a difference component, an instruction component, and an output component; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system that includes the difference component, an analysis component, a selection component, the instruction component, and the output component; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system that includes the difference component, a search component, the instruction component, the output component, the analysis component, and the selection component; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system that includes the difference component, an assessment component, an alteration component, the instruction component, and the output component; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system that includes the difference component, an input component, the instruction component, and the output component; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system that includes an observation component, the difference component, the instruction component, and the output component; 
         FIG. 7  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system that includes a choice component, the difference component, the instruction component, and the output component; 
         FIG. 8  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system that includes an evaluation component, the choice component, the difference component, the instruction component, and the output component; 
         FIG. 9  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system that includes the difference component, the instruction component, the output component, and a surveillance component 
         FIG. 10  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system that includes the difference component, the instruction component, the output component, the surveillance component, an investigation component, and an update component; 
         FIG. 11  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system that includes a prediction component, the difference component, the instruction component, and the output component; 
         FIG. 12  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system that includes a processor and a non-transitory computer-readable medium; 
         FIG. 13  illustrates at least one embodiment of a first method; 
         FIG. 14  illustrates at least one embodiment of a second method; 
         FIG. 15  illustrates at least one embodiment of an example system that can function as part of a control system; 
         FIG. 16  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system that may be used in practicing at least one aspect disclosed herein; and 
         FIG. 17  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system, upon which at least one aspect disclosed herein can be practiced. 
     
    
    
     It will be appreciated that illustrated element boundaries (e.g., boxes, groups of boxes, or other shapes) in the figures represent one example of the boundaries. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that in some examples one element may be designed as multiple elements or that multiple elements may be designed as one element. In some examples, an element shown as an internal component of another element may be implemented as an external component and vice versa. Furthermore, elements may not be drawn to scale. These elements and other variations are considered to be embraced by the general theme of the figures, and it is understood that the drawings are intended to convey the spirit of certain features related to this application, and are by no means regarded as exhaustive or fully inclusive in their representations. Additionally, it is to be appreciated that the designation ‘FIG.’ represents ‘Figure’. In one example, ‘ FIG. 1 ’ and ‘ FIG. 1 ’ are referring to the same drawing. 
     The terms ‘may’ and ‘can’ are used to indicate a permitted feature, or alternative embodiments, depending on the context of the description of the feature or embodiments. In one example, a sentence states ‘A can be AA’ or ‘A may be AA’. Thus, in the former case, in at least one embodiment A is AA, and in another embodiment A is not AA. In the latter case, A may be selected to be AA, or A may be selected not to be AA. However, this is an example of A, and A should not be construed as only being AA. In either case, however, the alternative or permitted embodiments in the written description are not to be construed as injecting ambiguity into the appended claims. Where claim ‘x’ recites A is AA, for instance, then A is not to be construed as being other than AA for purposes of claim x. This construction is so despite any permitted or alternative features and embodiments described in the written description. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Described herein are example systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with instruction production. A golfer going to a club professional can be time consuming, expensive, and have other negative aspects. Therefore, it may be beneficial for the golfer to receive instruction from a system, such as an application on a mobile phone or other electronic device. The application can monitor how the golfer swings his or her golf club and automatically compare the golfer&#39;s golf swing against a preferred golf swing, such as the swing of a leading professional golfer. Based on a result of this comparison, the application can produce an instruction to the golfer. 
     In one example, the golfer can swing a golf driver (or utilize a different piece of sports equipment or other equipment in various examples and embodiments) and the application can monitor how the golfer swings the club. The application can identify that the golfer&#39;s backswing of the club comes to an angle of x degrees with respect to a predetermined reference line (or determine rotation, distance, ratios, or other metrics in various examples and embodiments). The application can include a video of an ideal golf swing of a professional golfer. In the professional golf swing, the professional golfer can have his or her backswing come to an angle of x-y degrees. Therefore the application can give an instruction to the golfer to change his or her backswing to better replicate the professional&#39;s swing. While aspects disclosed herein are described with golf-based examples or other specific examples, it is to be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that these examples not intended to be limiting, and a physical motion where varying form can yield different results can be cognized under the disclosures herein. 
     The following paragraphs include definitions of selected terms discussed at least in the detailed description. The definitions may include examples used to explain features of terms and are not intended to be limiting. In addition, where a singular term is disclosed, it is to be appreciated that plural terms are also covered by the definitions. Conversely, where a plural term is disclosed, it is to be appreciated that a singular term is also covered by the definition. In addition, a set can include one or more member(s). 
     References to “at least one embodiment”, “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “one example”, “an example”, and so on, indicate that the embodiment(s) or example(s) so described may include a particular feature. The embodiment(s) or example(s) are shown to highlight one feature and no inference should be drawn that every embodiment necessarily includes that feature. Multiple usages of the phrase “in at least one embodiment” and others do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment; however this term may refer to the same embodiment. It is to be appreciated that multiple examples and/or embodiments may be combined together to form another embodiment. Where lists of samples or embodiments are provided, such lists are not intended to be exhaustive listings, but rather provide one of ordinary skill in the art with a conceptual framework to understand various possibilities or classes to be applied in the situation including options that may not be expressly listed. 
     “Computer-readable medium”, as used herein, refers to a medium that stores signals, instructions, and/or data. A computer may access a computer-readable medium and read information stored on the computer-readable medium. In at least one embodiment, the computer-readable medium stores instruction and the computer can perform those instructions as a method. The computer-readable medium may take forms, including, but not limited to, non-volatile media (e.g., optical disks, magnetic disks, and so on), and volatile media (e.g., semiconductor memories, dynamic memory, and so on). Example forms of a computer-readable medium may include, but are not limited to, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape, other magnetic medium, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device, a compact disk (CD), other optical medium, a random access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), a memory chip or card, a memory stick, and other media from which a computer, a processor or other electronic device can read. 
     “Component” and the like as used herein, includes but is not limited to hardware, firmware, software stored or in execution on a machine, a routine, a data structure, and/or at least one combination of these (e.g., hardware and software stored). Component, logic, module, and interface may be used interchangeably. A component may be used to perform a function(s) or an action(s), and/or to cause a function or action from another component, method, and/or system. A component may include a software controlled microprocessor, a discrete logic (e.g., ASIC), an analog circuit, a digital circuit, a programmed logic device, a memory device containing instructions, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, a computer and so on. A component may include one or more gates, combinations of gates, or other circuit components. Where multiple components are described, it may be possible to incorporate the multiple components into one physical component. Similarly, where a single component is described, it may be possible to distribute that single component between multiple physical components. In at least one embodiment, the multiple physical components are distributed among a network. By way of illustration, both/either a controller and/or an application running on a controller can be one or more components. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system  100  that includes a difference component  110 , an instruction component  120 , and an output component  130 . The difference component  110  makes an identification of a difference between an actual action of a user  140  and a standard action for the user  150 . The instruction component  120  produces an instruction  160  to instruct the user to change from the actual action of the user  140  to the standard action for the user  150 , where production of the instruction  160  is based, at least in part, on the difference. The output component  130  causes disclosure of the instruction  160 . In at least one embodiment the difference component  110 , the instruction component  120 , and the output component  130  are part of a mobile device. 
     Returning to the above example of the golf swing, the golfer (user) can provide a test swing that is the actual action of the user  140 . In at least one embodiment, the test swing can be a series of swings, an average of swings, or a representative user swing modeled from a series of provided swings. The user can select a golf swing that the golfer would like to emulate, such as the golf swing of Tiger Woods (or another professional, or another form not associated with a professional), and this golf swing of Tiger Woods becomes the standard action for the user  150 . The difference component  110  can compare the user&#39;s golf swing to the golf swing of Tiger Woods. The instruction component  120  can determine how the user should change his or her golf swing based on the comparison. From this, the instruction component  120  can determine how the user should change his or her golf swing to more emulate their swing to the swing of Tiger Woods. The instruction component  120  produces the instruction  160  that instructs the golfer on how to change his or her swing and the output component  130  causes the instruction  160  to be disclosed (e.g., the instruction  160  is displayed on a screen, the instruction  160  is given audibly, et cetera). For example, the golfer may bend his or her knees less than Tiger Woods and therefore the instruction  160  can be for the golfer to bend his or her knees more, to bend his or her knees z degrees, et cetera. 
     As has been suggested, instruction  160  can involve more than defining the differences, but also describe aspects not necessarily directly related to, in contact with, or the focus of a particular technique. By way of example, a less experienced golfer may myopically view the end result of a swing to be purely a product of arm motion. However, the starting position, end position, and motion between both for head, shoulders, hips, legs and feet can be influential. In this regard, a golfer&#39;s movement can be carefully tracked and statistical analysis applied to inputs and outputs at different stages of motion on different portions of the body to determine the changes that can be implemented to more accurately emulate a desired form. 
     In at least one embodiment, the actual action of the user  140  and the standard action for the user  150  are for the same activity (e.g., golfing, shooting a basketball, playing a musical instrument). In at least one embodiment, the actual action of the user  140  is a physical movement of the user. In at least one embodiment, the standard action for the user  150  is a different activity for the user than for which the actual action of the user  140  is performed. For example, the user can practice Taekwondo. Depending how the user executes specific moves of the Taekwondo, the system  100  can determine another martial art of the user to practice. For example, two potential standard actions of the user can be practice of Judo and practice of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (both grappling martial arts) while Taekwondo (a striking martial art) is the actual action of the user. The difference component  110  can compare the user&#39;s Taekwondo against example moves of Judo and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. The instruction component  120  can determine which has a lesser difference for the user—Judo or Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. 
     A determination of lesser difference can be based on, for example, a scoring system (e.g., a scoring system used to determine the winner of a contest). The scoring system can capture numerical representations of various types of motion and determine scores for particular motions. Motions recorded can be in two or more dimensions. In some embodiments, a plurality translational and rotational degrees of freedom, as well as the particular accelerations and velocities associated with such components of motion, can be scored in isolation or together to generate scores associated with certain motions or techniques. Motions or techniques found to have smaller differences between scores can be preferred in the determination. In one example, if the user&#39;s Taekwondo specific moves would make the user more likely to learn Judo more quickly, then the instruction component  120  can create the instruction that suggests that the user learn Judo and the output component  130  can disclose the instruction  160  accordingly. 
     In at least one embodiment, at least one sensor can be used for information and/scoring purposes. In one example, a sensor can be placed in a right and left boxing glove (e.g., wrist area of the glove so as not to influence a punch) of two boxers that engage in an amateur or professional boxing match. The sensors can obtain and/or process information related to each boxer to determine punch strength, punch form, if a combination occurs, and other determinations. These determinations can be used to assign scores to the boxers. 
     In one example of the scoring system, punch form can be used. For example, the motion of a jab of a boxer with the sensor can be determined and compared against a form jab. Depending how close the boxer&#39;s jab is to the form jab can determine a number of points the boxer receives for the punch. The number of points can also be influenced by how the punch impacts the opposing fighter. For example, a form jab that misses an opponent can be given no score, a form jab that marginally impacts the opponent (e.g., impacts with low force, impacts at a less than desirable location, et cetera) can be given a relatively high score, a non-form jab that marginally impacts the opponent can be given a relatively low score, and a form jab that strongly impacts the opponent (e.g., impacts with a force above a threshold value, impacts within a particular body or facial zone, et cetera) can be given a perfect score. The score given with punches can be combined with subjective judging to produce a score, provided to judges for use in determining round score, provided to broadcasters to give views more information on how a fighter performs, et cetera. 
     In one example, the scoring system is used as part of a training session. An amateur boxer can have a sparring session with another amateur boxer. The purpose of the sparring session can be to have the amateur boxer improve his or her form. In addition to form of the boxing punches, the sensor can be used to score or provide other information with relation to foot placement, body movement, et cetera. 
     In at least one embodiment, if an acceptable standard action for the user does not exist, then the instruction component  120  can create such a standard action for the user. The instruction component  120  can collect various information, such as information about the user, information about successful individuals performing the action, and other information and based on this information the instruction component  120  can produce the standard action for the user  150 . In one example, the user can desire to be a gymnast, but the user may not have the body type of a prototypical gymnast (e.g., he or she may be significantly taller than the prototypical gymnast). Due to this difference, a suitable and/or usable standard action for the user may not exist. The instruction component  120  can use an existing standard action for the user as a template and make modifications to the existing standard action for the user to produce the standard action for the user  150 . With the created standard action for the user, the difference component  110  can determine the difference between the created standard action for the user and the actual action of the user  140 , the instruction component  120  can produce the instruction  160  based on this difference, and the output component  130  can cause the instruction  160  to be disclosed. 
     In at least one embodiment, the technique of successful individuals performing the action can be ignored if any exists. Instead, a standard action can be determined through statistical analysis. A user can perform the action a plurality of times, and the result can be recorded, observed, and/or otherwise provided in a fashion similar to the provided or collected actual action. Various techniques of statistical analysis to be applied to determine correlation and/or causation of results based on corresponding changes to the form of the action. Resulting statistical models can be used to project improved form for the action that will give the user a more-desired result. 
     In at least one embodiment, the instruction  160  is, at least in part, an instruction to use a particular piece of equipment. The system  100  can be used in identifying an item the user should use. In one example, the user can desire to purchase a new guitar. The user can play a guitar already owned and this can be the actual action of the user. Various factors such as force used by the user to strike strings, quickness of the user to move his or her hand among different frets, and other factors of the actual action of the user  140  can be evaluated to find an action (e.g., the standard action for the user  150 ) that produces a preferred (e.g., optimal) guitar sound. Based on a comparison, the instruction component  120  can identify a guitar that would have improved sound over the guitar already owned based on the user&#39;s guitar playing style. Therefore, the instruction can be what guitar to purchase, a list of preferable guitars, a ranked list of preferable guitars, et cetera. 
     As has been discussed, results can be provided for analysis. In the example of a guitar, a microphone can be used to record audio data, which can be compared to ideal audio data or projected audio data based on an audio input (e.g., music recorded in a mp3 file) or non-audio input (e.g., sheet music or other detailed descriptions). In the example of a golf swing, a ball&#39;s coordinate location can be known, before, during, and after the swing to determine at least direction and distance based on the form given. In at least one embodiment, the ball or other components can include various positioning systems to expedite or increase accuracy of such location-based analysis. In at least one embodiment, image processing can be used in conjunction with still or video information relating to how and when a golf ball is struck and its trajectory and changing velocity thereafter. Such examples focused in particular skills are provided for illustrative purposes, and one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate many other possibilities related to these and other techniques for determining and analyzing results. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system  200  that includes the difference component  110 , an analysis component  210 , a selection component  220 , the instruction component  120 , and the output component  130 . The analysis component  210  analyzes the difference and the selection component  220  selects the instruction  160  from among at least a first instruction and a second instruction that are different instructions. The instruction  160  is produced in response to the selection of the instruction  160  and the selection is based, at least in part, on the difference. 
     In one example, the user can have a running motion for long distance runs that is the actual action of the user  140 . The user can desire for a more efficient running motion that is the standard action for the user  150 . The first instruction can be to change upper body angle while the second instruction can be to change stride length. It may be easier for the user to follow one instruction and therefore the first instruction or the second instruction can be selected and caused to be disclosed. For example, the first instruction can be caused to be disclosed. The user can change the actual action of the user  140  such that the upper body angle is changed. Once this change is mastered, the second instruction can be selected and disclosed. 
     In one example, the user can be running in a marathon with a particular running motion that is the actual action of the user  140 . As the user runs the marathon, the form of the particular running motion can break down causing the user to run slower. The system  200  can function to provide an instruction to the improve form and the improved form is the standard action for the user  150 . Part of the form breakdown can be the user&#39;s legs not being lifted as high due to lactic acid buildup. The first instruction can be for the user to lift his or her legs higher. However, due to the lactic acid buildup, this may not be feasible for the user. The system  200  can identify this infeasibility (e.g., through bio-monitoring by way of sensors, by user response (e.g., the first instruction is given and the user rejects the first instruction), et cetera) and disregard the first instruction. The second instruction can be for the user to change the motion with his or her arms. The system  200  can identify that the second instruction is feasible and thus select and cause disclosure of the second instruction. 
     In one example, the instruction  160  is one instruction or more than one instruction. A runner&#39;s form can be made up of many different elements such as stride length, back posture, arm movement, and other elements. The instruction  160  can be to change multiple elements of the user&#39;s form and/or instruct the user to keep doing a certain aspect. The instruction  160  can be exclusively the first instruction or the second instruction as well as be both the first instruction and the second instruction. In at least one embodiment, the selection of the instruction  160  by the selection component  220  is based, at least in part, on a physical characteristic set of the user (e.g., user body characteristics, real-time bio data of the user, injury information on the user, et cetera). 
       FIG. 3  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system  300  that includes the difference component  110 , a search component  310 , the instruction component  120 , the output component  130 , the analysis component  210 , and the selection component  220 . The search component  310  searches a source upon which to base the first instruction and the second instruction, where the first instruction is selected by the selection component  220  and where the second instruction is not selected by the selection component  220 . The search is based, at least in part, on the difference. 
     The search component  310  can find the instruction source. In one example, the user can provide the instruction source name and/or location and the search component  310  searches the information source consistent with what the user provides. In one example, the search component  310  can proactively (e.g., automatically) determine the instruction source to search. 
     While aspects disclosed herein relate to physical actions, it is to be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that aspects can be practiced actions that may not be considered physical actions. Feedback can be provided regarding a wide variety of behaviors or activities. 
     In one example, the user can request for an instruction on how to have more meaningful online conversations. For example, the user can request to have conversations with single females where the females give answers to questions that are longer in length. The analysis component  210  can analyze online conversations of the user that serve as the actual action of the user  140  while the standard action for the user  150  is a subjective standard by the user of more meaningful online conversations. Based on a result of the online conversation analysis, the search component  310  can search out for an information source that provides guidance on how to have better online conversations, samples of conversations that have longer answers than that of the user, et cetera. The search component  310  can perform a search for the information source for information upon which the base the first instruction and the second instruction. The search can be performed with the goal of finding information that can be used by the instruction component  120  to produce (e.g., generate, create, turnout, modify an existing instruction, et cetera) the instruction  160  to the user. The analysis component  210  can analyze these instructions and the selection component  220  can select the first instruction. 
     In one example, the search component  310  can find and access an instruction database that functions as the source. Returning to the online conversation example, the instruction database can be an Internet website with suggested questions to ask a female to facilitate continued and engaging conversation. The search component  310  can find the first instruction and the second instruction from within the instruction database. In making this find, the analysis component  210  can analyze the difference and based on a result of the analysis the search component  310  can find the first instruction and the second instruction. The analysis component  210  can then analyze the first instruction and second instruction to determine if either the first instruction or the second instruction is a suitable instruction (e.g., done by way of a scoring system). If the first instruction or the second instruction is not a suitable instruction, then the analysis component  210  can initiate the search component  310  to find a third instruction. In at least one embodiment, the third instruction can then be characterized as the first instruction with the original first instruction being disregarded. The first instruction (formerly third instruction) can be analyzed, identified as suitable, and selected by the selection component  220 . The instruction component  120  can designate the first instruction as the instruction for use and this designation can function as production of the instruction  160 . The output component  130  can cause the instruction  160  to be disclosed (e.g., send a command for disclosure of the instruction  160  to occur, disclose the instruction  160 , et cetera). 
     In at least one embodiment, the instruction  160  can be developed, at least in part, from a variety of sources. In at least one embodiment, models (e.g., mathematical models quantifying at least a portion of activity related to the instruction  160 ) can be developed in advance of using preexisting databases for employment. The instruction  160  can be developed on-the-fly such as using data observed in a particular session or window of time (e.g., during use of the system  300 ). In at least one embodiment, sources of data used in or for instruction  160  can have varying levels. For example, a vendor&#39;s databases can have one level (e.g., “trusted source”) whereas community-developed databases can have another (e.g., “reviewed source”), and individual developed databases can have another still (e.g., “unverified source”). Data from a trusted source can be given more weight in developing the instruction  160  than data from an unverified source (e.g., a conflict can be resolved in favor of the trusted source, data from the trusted source can be used more frequently than data from the untrusted source, data from the trusted source can be scored higher than data from the unverified source, et cetera). 
       FIG. 4  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system  400  that includes the difference component  110 , an assessment component  410 , an alteration component  420 , the instruction component  120 , and the output component  130 . The assessment component  410  determines if the difference is reversible, where the actual action of the user  140  is defined in terms of a deviation from the standard action for the user  150 . The alteration component  420  identifies an alteration for the standard action for the user  150 . The alteration component  420  functions after the determination is that the difference is not reversible, where the alteration facilitates an outcome that is similar to the outcome for the standard action for the user  150  and where the instruction  160  is based, at least in part, on the alteration. 
     In one example, the standard action for the user  150  can be a cooking recipe, such as making a pasta sauce. The actual action of the user  140  can be an action set taken by the user to follow the cooking recipe. The cooking recipe can call for a teaspoon of pepper to be mixed into a sauce base, but the user can add a tablespoon of pepper and mix in the tablespoon. The system  400  can identify this incorrect addition of pepper and the assessment component  410  can determine that it would be impractical to remove pepper from the recipe. As such, the alteration component  420  can determine (e.g., by way of a scoring system, by analysis of online reviews, et cetera) if the cooking recipe could be altered to compensate for the extra pepper added and have a final pasta sauce similar to the pasta sauce that is produced from following the standard action for the user  150 . In at least one embodiment, the compensation is not an increase of quantities of other ingredients in proportion to the over-mixed ingredient. For example, the alteration component  420  can determine that adding a certain quantity of a specific ingredient can counteract the impact of the extra pepper in the pasta sauce. Therefore, the instruction component  120  can produce the instruction  160  such that the instruction  160  instructs that the certain quantity of the specific ingredient be added to the pasta sauce and the output component  130  can cause the instruction  160  to be disclosed. In at least one embodiment, the cooking recipe cannot be altered to compensate for the extra pepper and the output component  130  can cause a notice to be disclosed to the user of the situation. In at least one embodiment, a user following a recipe can lack certain ingredients or sufficient quantities thereof (e.g., that are not in his or her kitchen), and the recipe can be altered to use alternatives or compensate for a lack of a particular ingredient (e.g., that are in his or her kitchen). 
     In at least one embodiment, when the difference is reversible the instruction  160  is to undo the actual action of the user  140 . Returning to the example of the cooking recipe, the cooking recipe can call for a tablespoon of pepper, but the user puts in a teaspoon. The assessment component  410  can determine if this action is reversible (e.g., impossible to be reversed, impractical to be reversed, reversal would not have the desired outcome on end product, et cetera). For example, the assessment component  410  can determine that adding another teaspoon of pepper is reasonable and as such the difference (e.g., adding a teaspoon instead of a tablespoon) is reversible. In response, the alteration component  150  can notify the instruction component  120  that the instruction  160  should be generated detailing that two more teaspoons of pepper should be added. This can occur without alteration to the standard action for the user  150 . The instruction component  120  can produce the instruction  160  and the output component  130  can cause the instruction  160  to be disclosed. 
     In one example, the cooking recipe can be for baking cookies. The first step of the recipe can be to add a half stick of butter. However, the user can add a stick of butter. The assessment component  410  can determine that the user can remove half of the stick added and therefore the difference is reversible. The alteration component  420  can identify the alteration of the standard action for the user  150  as adding a step of removing half the stick of butter. The instruction component  120  can produce an instruction of removing half the stick of butter and the output component  130  can cause this instruction to be disclosed. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system  500  that includes the difference component  110 , an input component  510 , the instruction component  120 , and the output component  130 . The input component  510  collects a goal input for the user. The instruction  160  facilitates the goal input being met. 
     In one example, the user can have a goal of being able to slam dunk a basketball. The user can enter this goal into a graphical user interface that is part of the input component  510  as the goal input. Based on this goal input, the input component  510  can determine the standard action for the user  150 . In one example, the difference component  110  can evaluate how the user performs a basketball layup, how close the user comes to dunking the basketball, et cetera as the actual action of the user  140 . Based on a result of this evaluation, the input component  510  can select the standard action for the user  150 . In at least one embodiment the user selects the standard action for the user  150  to meet the goal input. In at least one embodiment, the input component  510  evaluates the goal input and based on a result of this analysis the input component  510  selects the standard action for the user  150 . In another example, a pitcher can be pitching with a minor league baseball team with the hope of reaching a Major League Baseball club with reaching the Major League Baseball club being the goal input. The input component  510  can evaluate various factors such as a parent club&#39;s current roster, other prospects, and physical attributes of the user. The input component  510  can determine that the best way for the pitcher to reach the Major League Baseball club is to learn to throw a with a submarine delivery since there is an absence of a submarine delivery pitcher on the parent club&#39;s roster as well as the rosters of other clubs (e.g., for trade purposes). While this may not be the pitch that has the highest ceiling and this may cause a higher likelihood of injury, adopting this type of delivery could be anticipated as the best route to the Majors. Based on this, the standard action for the user  150  can be chosen as a textbook submarine delivery and/or the instruction  160  can be consistent with the pitcher learning the submarine delivery. 
     Determinations can be made in at least this example using statistical analyses of leagues, teams, rosters, individuals, and the characteristics and/or performance thereof. Statistical information can be sourced from publicly accessible news sources (e.g., sports websites), private sources (e.g., scouting or club databases), user input, et cetera. In at least one embodiment, user input can include video provided or selected by the user that can be analyzed according to pre-programmed packages or user-defined metrics. In the baseball example, the minor league pitcher can import at least one video of one or more major league pitchers from one or more angles and provide such to at least a portion of software that analyzes the motion on at least one video and determines statistical relationships and distinctions. In at least one embodiment, a pitching plug-in can be used with the software that is pre-programmed to the idiosyncrasies of baseball pitching. Such idiosyncrasies can be generalized or increasingly specific. An example of a generalized pitching plug-in is a plug-in designed to identify trends in a group of successful pitchers (e.g., pitchers that have spent several years on a Major League roster). Specifics can be used to filter or analyze pitchers sharing common characteristics, such as dominant hand, height, weight, type of pitch and so forth. In at least one embodiment, a user can define baselines for statistical analysis. For example, the software can proactively (e.g., automatically) recognize different portions of Major League pitchers in at least one video. In at least one embodiment, the user can define at least one baseline (e.g., at least one point and/or arbitrary axis from which various angles and/or distances can be measured, such as angle of different portions of the arm when the pitch is released, torso or leg motion, pitch angle during flight, and so forth). Motion can be analyzed over a single sample or a variety of samples to provide data for statistical analysis that can then be applied to the motion of the user. 
     In one example, the standard action for the user  150  is known and/or the difference is known before the input component  510  collects the goal input. For the example, how the user performs the basketball layup, how close the user comes to dunking the basketball, et cetera can function as the actual action of the user  140 . In addition, the user can identify a video of Michael Jordan dunking a basketball that functions as the standard action for the user  150 . The difference component  150  can compare the actual action of the user  140  against the standard action for the user  150  to produce the difference. The input component  510  can evaluate the difference, the actual action of the user  140 , the standard action for the user  150 , other metadata (e.g., a goal input of a user similar in age, life state, school, et cetera), or a combination thereof. Based on this evaluation, the input component can identify the goal input, where identification of the goal input is a type of collection. In at least one embodiment, the input component  510  infers the goal input through use of at least one artificial intelligence technique. 
     Long-term, step-wise plans can be developed using goal input and a plurality of actual actions of the user. In at least one embodiment, a user attempting to dunk a basketball can input or be observed performing a variety of movements to determine impediments to the performance of a composite motion. For example, one or more basketball players capable of dunking can be known to be capable at certain times to sprint a distance, high jump heights, and long jump distances. The user can be informed of deficiencies with regard to relevant aspects of training related to dunking, and be provided instructions (e.g., at least a portion of a workout) designed to remedy the deficiencies. In an example, the user can have an excellent long jump but a poor high jump compared to one or more basketball players capable of dunking, and this can be determined to be one factor influencing an inability to dunk from a particular position on the court. In addition to information about modification to the dunking motion, instructions related to improving high jump can be provided. 
     In an example, an entity other than the user enters the goal input. In one example, a reality dancing competition can have celebrity contestants learning different dances, such as the waltz or the polka. Viewers of the competition can vote on which dances they would like different celebrities to learn for the coming week. The input component  510  can aggregate these votes and evaluate the aggregate result. Based on the result of this evaluation, the input component  510  can select the goal input (e.g., celebrity A performs the waltz while celebrity B performs the polka, celebrities A and B perform the polka, et cetera) and the system  500  can provide the instruction  160  on how to dance to the respective celebrity, dance partner, show producer, et cetera 
     In one example, the system  500  is used as a tool to coach a football team. The actual action of the user  140  can include how the team functions together (e.g., how the offense functions together) as well as how individual members of the team function. The standard action for the user  150  can be for the team to run a sweep off the right tackle. The input component  110  can evaluate metadata and determine that the goal input is to run an outside play to the right. The instruction component  120  can produce an instruction set of multiple instructions that function as the instruction  160  for the coach on how to run the play (e.g., how a lineman should block, how fast the running back should run, et cetera). 
       FIG. 6  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system  600  that includes an observation component  610 , the difference component  110 , the instruction component  120 , and the output component  130 . The observation component  610  observes the actual action of the user  140 , where the identification of the difference performed by the difference component  110  is performed after the actual action of the user  140  is observed by the observation component  610 . The observation component  610  can be part of, or leverage portions of (e.g., image capture hardware, processor, memory), the mobile device (e.g., along with the difference component  110 , the instruction component  120 , and the output component  130 ). In at least one embodiment, at least a portion of the observation component  610  (or other components) can be available over a network such that the mobile device transmits and receives information for action elsewhere. In at least one embodiment, all aspects can be local (e.g., embodied in or on, at the same physical location) to the mobile device. Hybrid techniques, such as solutions including some cloud-based resources and some local resources can be applied without departing from the scope herein. 
     In at least one embodiment, the observation component  610  can function as a camera that views the user in action and based on this the actual action of the user  140  is determined and thus observed. In one example, the user can perform a dance. The observation component  610  can view this dance and record a copy of the viewed dance (e.g., in a non-transitory computer-readable medium). Thus, the copy retains a recording of the actual action of the user  140 . 
     In at least one embodiment, the observation component  610  can perform processing with regard to the actual action of the user  140 . In one example, the user can be performing an action among other users. In this example, the user can be an individual dance member of a chorus line. The observation component  610  can extract out actual actions of other members of the other members of the chorus line and identify the user and as such the actual action of the user  140 . In at least one embodiment, the observation component  610  can make a determination based on the user&#39;s physical characteristics. In one example, how much the user sweats, facial expressions of pain or exhaustion, and others can be observed by the observation component  610  and this observation can be used by the instruction component  120  (e.g., if the user has a facial expression consistent with pain, then the instruction component  120  can draw an inference that the instruction  160  should not push the user harder). Such aspects can be identified through statistical analyses of similar aspects (e.g., facial expressions) that can be pre-programmed or provided by users. In at least one embodiment, angles and movements to facial features can reveal trends, and such trends can be associated with particular moods, feelings, or inferences. In one example, the observation component  610  can make calculations on the user&#39;s physical characteristics. The user&#39;s arms can be equal to z % of the user&#39;s height. Based on this arm to height ratio, the standard action for the user  150  can be selected and/or the instruction component  120  can produce the instruction  120 . 
     In at least one embodiment, the observation component  610  functions as a motion sensor. In one example, the user can desire to improve his or her cycling motion when performing long distance cycling. The user can activate (e.g., start observing motion) the application on his or her mobile device and/or attach the mobile device to their body, clothing, the bicycle, et cetera. In one example, the application can identify that the user has begun cycling and self-activate. As the user rides, the observation component  610  can observe physical motion of the user, biometric data of the user, performance of the bicycle, et cetera. The instruction component  120 , in producing the instruction  160 , can take into account the difference as well as other information such as the performance of the bicycle and/or the biometric data of the user. 
     In at least one embodiment, observation component  610  can be used with regard to an aspect of the standard action for the user  150 . In one example, the user can have a particular golf swing that is the actual action of the user  140  and the golf swing of Tiger Woods is the standard action for the user  150 . The mobile device with the motion sensor can be placed in the pocket of the user. As the user swings, the motion sensor (that functions as the observation component  610 ) can monitor hip movement of the user. Based on this hip movement, the instruction  160  can be produced. 
     In at least one embodiment, the observation component  610  is coupled to a piece of equipment. For example, an apparatus that includes the observation component  610  can be placed into part of a boxing glove (e.g., the wrist of the boxing glove). As the user punches with the glove, the movement of the hand, force of the hand, et cetera can be measured. The apparatus can also be used to understand placement of the hands when not punching, how much of a blow was absorbed by the gloves, movement of a boxer, et cetera In addition, the apparatus could be in the right and left hand gloves of the boxer as well as in the gloves of an opponent and/or sparring partner. These measurements can be used to understand the actual action of the user  140  that is used by the difference component  110 . The instruction component  120  can provide an instruction  160  for use against a specific fighter (e.g., based on readings from the apparatus in the gloves of the opponent and/or sparring partner). The apparatus can be used for other purposes, such as gathering punch data for display (e.g., by the output component  130 ), for use in scoring the boxing match (e.g., information given to judges for use in scoring, for use in an electronic scoring system, et cetera). 
     In at least one embodiment, a user can utilize techniques herein to modify a technique for a particular opponent. In the above example, one of the boxers can be highly successful and have excellent technique, but is expecting a match against a challenger whose technique counters that of the boxer. The boxer can utilize systems and methods herein to temporarily or permanently modify an otherwise successful style to increase the likelihood of success against the challenger. In one example, sensors can be placed in the right and left glove a fighter, the right and left shoe of the fighter, a mouthpiece of the fighter, and a cup hook and loop of the fighter. The fighter can spar with a partner that fights in a similar style to that of an upcoming opponent. Analysis can be performed of how the fighter performs in the sparring session as both a general style and for the style of the opponent. If the fighter performs in a generally positive manner, but a poor manner in view of the opponent&#39;s style (e.g., the fighter normally does not move much and has good hand defense, but this is a risky strategy due to the power of the opponent and the opponent&#39;s history of being able to get through good hand defense), then an instruction can be produced with the intent of changing style to better fit against the opponent. In at least one embodiment, the instruction can be something that not only is easily learned for the opponent, but can also be easily unlearned after the fight with the opponent so the fighter an return to the previously successful style. 
     In at least one embodiment, the user wears a suit with identification points and the observation component  610  can observe the actual action of the user through use of the suit with the identification points. The identification points can send signals for certain parts of the user&#39;s body, such as joints, end points (e.g., hands, feet, et cetera), et cetera The observation component  610  can collect these signals and identify the actual action of the user  140  (e.g., the exact actual action of the user or an approximation of the actual action of the user). With the actual action of the user  140  identified, the instruction component  120  can produce the instruction  160 . 
     In at least one embodiment, a user does not wear a suit but applies markers to their body. For example, different shapes can be drawn or affixed on or to points of the body or equipment to facilitate identification and/or analysis by observation component  610  or other components. In at least one embodiment, various shapes, sizes, and colors can be associated with different parts or aspects. In at least one embodiment, tagging or marking can be performed electronically without a physical suit or marker employed. For example, video can be imported and identified using various machine vision techniques or manual identification of points of interest (e.g., body parts, equipment, orienting features within one or more frames, and others). Machine learning can be used to train at least a portion of the system for recognition. Automatic-sizing and/or scaling can occur based on the size of known objects in a frame (e.g., known diameter of baseball). In at least on embodiment, scaling can occur by other means such as user provisioning or information related to the distance between a camera and a subject. 
     In at least one embodiment, a piece of equipment is adapted for use in the system  600 . For example, a golf club, baseball bat, helmet, ball, glove, shoe controller, et cetera, or portions thereof (e.g., head, grip, and so forth) can include one or more sensors, transmitters, receivers, or other components to facilitate information gathering and feedback related to use of the piece of equipment. In at least one embodiment, at least one intelligent element within or related to a piece of equipment can interact with at least one other component (e.g., pedometer, GPS, gyroscope, accelerometer) in or related to other equipment, or elsewhere associated with the user. 
     In at least one embodiment, various algorithms can be used to improve the information collected by sensors. For example, a camera (or components interacting there with) can include or employ auto-stabilization and/or leveling techniques to ensure the quality of images collected. In one embodiment, an audio recording system (or components interacting therewith) can include various filters or processing steps designed to reduce noise or increase the gain of frequencies at which the sound sought to be recorded exists. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system  700  that includes a choice component  710 , the difference component  110 , the instruction component  120 , and the output component  130 . The choice component  710  resolves (e.g., proactively resolves) the standard action for the user  150  from a first standard action and a second standard action. The first standard action and the second standard action can be different standard actions. 
     In one example, the actual action of the user  140  can be a baseball swing (e.g., swinging of a baseball bat) of the user and a goal of the user can be to have an improved baseball swing. The user may not care in what manner their swing improves, just that their swing does improve. Improvements can be, for example, changes that are statistically likely to raise or lower a metric in a desirable manner. In such an example that involves a baseball swing, similarities can be drawn to discover the technique and/or actions employed by batters who have such desirable metrics (e.g., batting average, strikeouts, slugging percentage, home runs, average speed of hit balls, swinging strikes per at-bat, and others). 
     Different professional baseball players can have vastly different baseball swings. For example, a first baseball player can use a rotational baseball swing while a second baseball player can use a linear baseball swing. Moving the swing of the user to a more productive rotational motion can meet the goal of an improved swing while moving the swing of the user to a more productive linear motion can also meet the goal. Therefore, the choice component  710  can decide if the standard action for the user  150  should be a rotational swing or a linear swing. 
     In at least one embodiment, multiple standard actions can be identified. For example, a player can be taught to employ both a rotational and linear swing depending on the situation. In another example, two different linear swings can be identified depending on the pitcher&#39;s dominant hand. 
     Different factors can be taken into account when the choice component  710  chooses the standard action for the user  150 . In returning to the baseball example, if the actual action of the user  140  is already closer to the linear swing than the rotational swing, then the choice component  710  can determine it would be most efficient if the linear swing was set for the standard action of the user  150 . Therefore, the linear swing can be chosen by the choice component. 
     In one example, the user can desire for not just an improved swing, but an improved swing with specific attribute such as a swing with more power. The rotational swing can be considered more powerful than the linear swing, whereas the linear swing can be considered more of a contact swing. Based on this information, the choice component  710  can choose the rotational swing since it is likely to provide the specific attribute desired. 
     In one example, various physical attributes of the user can be taken into account by the choice component  710  in choosing the standard action for the user  150 . The user can have longer arms than an average baseball player and these longer arms can influence a likelihood of success for a particular swing. In baseball, a limited amount of time is available for reaction to a pitch on if a hitter will take a swing at the pitch. The longer time a swing takes, the less reaction time is available. If the rotational swing is considered a longer swing than the linear swing and if the user has longer than average arms, then use of the rotational swing by the user may leave too little time for reaction. Therefore, the choice component  710  can choose the linear swing. 
     In one example, the choice component  710  can take into account physical health of the user. Different nuances of a baseball swing can cause different results on the movement of the user&#39;s body and as such put different stresses and strains on muscles, bones, joints, et cetera. In this example, the user can be an accomplished, yet aging professional baseball player. The actual action of the user  140  can be a linear swing with specific characteristics (e.g., location of the right elbow in relation to the torso during the swing, starting point of the swing from the user&#39;s batting stance, et cetera). Due to the player aging, physical reaction times may be slowed and/or the player may be more prone to injury. Therefore, the choice component  710  can choose the standard action for the user  150  to be the linear swing, but with characteristic changes to give more time for reaction time, lessen the likelihood of injury, avoid aggravation of existing or previous injuries, et cetera. Based on the selection of the standard action for the user  150  chosen by the choice component  710 , the difference component  110  can have something to compare the actual action of the user  140  against and thus identifies the difference used by the instruction component  120  to produce the instruction  160 . 
       FIG. 8  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system  800  that includes an evaluation component  810 , the choice component  710 , the difference component  110 , the instruction component  120 , and the output component  130 . The evaluation component  810  evaluates the actual action of the user  140  to produce an evaluation result. The choice component  710  proactively (e.g., automatically, in response to a request for the instruction  160 , et cetera) makes the choice of the standard action for the user  150  based, at least in part, on the evaluation result. 
     The evaluation component  810  can evaluate how the user performs a specific task that functions as the actual action of the user  140  and this evaluation can produce the evaluation result. The observation component  610  of  FIG. 6  can observe how the user swings the club and make a record that is retained in the non-transitory computer-readable medium. The evaluation component  810  can evaluate the record to determine characteristics of the record to produce the evaluation result. The choice component  710  can access the evaluation result and based on this evaluation result the choice component  710  can perform a search for at least one standard action for the user  150  that can be chosen. If the choice component  710  finds the first standard action for the user and the second standard action for the user, then the evaluation component  810  can evaluate the first standard action for the user and the second standard action for the user and based on this evaluation, along with the evaluation of the actual action of the user, the choice component  710  can choose the standard action for the user  150 . 
     In one example, the user can desire to swing a golf club such that a golf ball travels a certain distance and the user can request that he or she swing a golf club more like Tiger Woods. The evaluation component  810  can evaluate how the user swings the club and based on how the user swings the club the choice component  710  can select a golf swing upon which the user should model his or her golf swing. The choice component  710  can evaluate swings of Tiger Woods at different points of his career and choose a golf swing for the difference component  110  to use as the standard action for the user  150 . 
     As implied above, a plurality of goals can be identified. A user can seek to modify a technique according to two or more factors, such as reflecting the technique of a particular player while maximizing a particular quality separate from the particular player&#39;s technique. In at least one embodiment, a user can accept a trade-off in one metric to improve another. In an example, the user can indicate they are willing to accept a possible reduction in the distance of their drives to improve control over direction and/or employ a different club. 
     The system  800  can function to go against the wishes of the user. Returning to the example in the previous paragraph, the user can request that he or she swing the golf club more like Tiger Woods. The evaluation component  810  can evaluate the actual action of the user  140  and determine that the user&#39;s swing is far from that of Tiger Woods, but is relatively close to the swing of Bubba Watson. This can be done by the evaluation component  810  comparing the action of the user  140  against the swings of Tiger Woods, Bubba Watson, as well as other professional and/or notable (e.g., Bobby Jones) golfers. Statistical analysis based on distances, angles, performance metrics, et cetera, can be used to determine a difference measure (or plurality of difference measures in a difference index). A technique with a minimum difference can be preferred, and techniques with larger differences can be rejected or associated with a warning. In at least one embodiment, statistical techniques (e.g., correlation, dependence, et cetera) can be used to determine similar or different techniques. 
     The choice component  710  can determine that the user may have more success emulating the swing of Bubba Watson than Tiger Woods. In at least one embodiment, the choice component  710  can suggest to the user (e.g., through a user interface) that the user use the swing of Bubba Watson as the standard action for the user  150 . If the user rejects the suggestion, then the swing of Tiger Woods can be chosen as the standard action for the user  150 . If the user accepts the suggestion, then the swing of Bubba Watson can be chosen as the standard action for the user  150 . The choice component  710  can also forgo asking the user and choose the swing of Bubba Watson for the standard action for the user  150  despite the request of the user to have a swing similar to that of Tiger Woods. The instruction component  120  can therefore produce the instruction  160  such that it is consistent with facilitating the user&#39;s golf swing to be more like that of Bubba Watson. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system  900  that includes the difference component  110 , the instruction component  120 , the output component  130 , and a surveillance component  910 . The surveillance component  910  makes a surveillance related to how the user follows the instruction  160 . The instruction component  120  is configured to produce a subsequent instruction, where the subsequent instruction instructs the user to change to the standard action for the user  150 . 
     In some instances, a user switching from the actual action of the user  140  to the standard action for the user  150  can be a relatively simple transition for the user. However, the transition can also be quite complex and difficult for the user. Therefore, the instruction  160  can be a first instruction and after the user modifies the actual action of the user  140  to a certain extent the instruction component  120  can produce a subsequent instruction. In this, the difference component  110  can compare an updated version of the actual user action  140  and compare it against the standard action for the user  150 . This difference can be used by the instruction component  120  to produce the subsequent instruction and the output component  130  can cause disclosure of the subsequent instruction. 
     In at least one embodiment, the system  900  can produce the instruction  160  that is intended to be the first instruction in an instruction set. In one example, a baseball pitcher changing his or her throwing motion can be a complex and intricate series of measureable changes. The instruction  160  can be for the pitcher to make a change to a certain part of his or her throwing motion. One or more next instructions provided can be based on how, quantitatively or qualitatively, the change impacts other aspects of the pitcher&#39;s throwing motion. Therefore, the difference component  110  can determine a difference between the changed actual action of the user and based on that the instruction component  120  can produce the subsequent instruction. 
     In at least one embodiment, the difference component  110  can determine that after following the instruction  160  the actual action of the user  140  and the standard action for the user  150  are identical and/or the difference is inconsequential. As such, the difference can be considered none or virtually none and based on this the instruction component  120  can instruct the output component  130  to send a complete message and/or the instruction component  120  does not produce the subsequent instruction. In an example, a player can have a difference in the technique of delivering a motion, but yield the same speed, accuracy, precision, et cetera. In such examples, while differences exist, the end result is the same, and at least one difference among a plurality of differences can be null. In this regard, differences among a plurality of differences can be weighted or prioritized in order to avoid wasted effort on changes that harm a desired outcome or do not improve at least one parameter. In one example with a baseball swing, changing a first difference can substantially increase power while slightly lowering contact with the ball while changing a second difference can cause substantially higher contact with the ball, but slightly decrease power. A youth baseball player can attempt to change his swing because the player is not making very much contact with the ball and oftentimes is striking out in games. While the first difference can benefit the player, the lower contact impact of the change can cause the player to make even less contact can cause the player to become more frustrated, become subject of ridicule of teammates, et cetera and this may cause the player to quit the game. Therefore, the second difference can be prioritized since that will increase contact and cause the player to likely enjoy the game more. Further, due to the already low contact with the ball, the player may be unlikely to notice the decrease in power. Therefore, a first instruction can promote change according to the second difference. Once the player follows the first instruction and improves his swing, a second instruction can be used to promote change according to the first difference. Thus, the outcome can have the player improve his swing with as positive of a process as possible. 
     In at least one embodiment, the instruction  160  can be an instruction set that includes a first instruction and a second instruction. The user can attempt to follow the first instruction, but the user following the first instruction may not be as expected as determined by the difference component  110 . In view of this, the instruction component  120  can alter the second instruction (e.g., before or after being caused to be disclosed by the output component  130 ) and the altered second instruction can be caused to be disclosed by the output component  130 . 
     In at least one embodiment, the subsequent instruction can be a replacement for the instruction  160 . In one example, the user can attempt to follow the instruction, but fail in execution of the instruction. In this example, the instruction  160  can be to have the user bend his or her back forward d degrees, but the user is limited in bending his or her back forward d-5 degrees. The surveillance component  910  can identify the user&#39;s difficulty in following the instruction and send a notice to the difference component  110  and/or the instruction component  120 . The difference component  110  can determine the difference in view of the user&#39;s limitation and/or the instruction component  120  can produce the subsequent instruction in view of the user&#39;s limitation. The output component  130  can cause the subsequent instruction to be disclosed. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system  1000  that includes the difference component  110 , the instruction component  120 , the output component  130 , the surveillance component  910 , an investigation component  1010 , and an update component  1020 . The investigation component  1010  makes an investigation related to how the user follows the instruction. The update component  1020  updates a logic (e.g., artificial intelligence logic) used by the instruction component  120  for use in production of a subsequent instruction, where the update is based, at least in part, on the surveillance. 
     In at least one embodiment, the instruction  160  and the subsequent instruction are not for the same actual action of the user  140  and/or not for the same standard action for the user  150 . The investigation component  1010  can determine that the user responds well to audio-video instruction and responded poorly to video instruction without audio. The investigation component  1010  can use, for example, statistical analysis techniques over databases, spreadsheets, or other quantified records of movement allowing comparison of instruction  160  and the actual action of the user  140 . In at least one embodiment, computer vision, machine learning, and/or artificial intelligence can employ an image-only technique that compares and/or overlays two or more images to compare, for example, instruction  160  and actual action  140 . The update component  1020  can update the instruction component  120  such that the instruction component  120  produces subsequent audio-video instructions for the user. Therefore, the update component  1020  can update the logic of the instruction component  120  such that the instruction component  120  is better tailored to a specific user. 
     Tailoring can include, for example, configuring the instruction component  120  to provide information in a manner for which statistical support exists to indicate the user will closer reflect the desired outcome faster or more accurately. In at least one embodiment, a user can learn at different rates depending on medium or technique of instruction, and the user can select instruction to reflect a particular desire as to learning rate. For example, the user may learn fastest by technique A, reflecting a first accuracy and first precision range of movements with 2 hours of instruction. Continuing in the same example, the user may learn more accurately by technique B, a second, higher accuracy and a second, higher precision in 8 hours. Depending on the user&#39;s wishes with regard to speed of training (e.g., bowling tournament tomorrow versus in one month), a particular technique could be manually or automatically selected. For example, if technique B has a greater accuracy outcome than technique A and the user&#39;s schedule indicates that there is time to learn technique B, then a component can proactively select technique B for the user. 
     In at least one embodiment, tailoring can occur during a set-up phase or throughout use of one or more systems and methods herein. For example, a user can indicate time frames, events, and so forth to allow a system to prefer one type of instruction to another. For example, a new fly fisherman may not know what is required to cast or how long it will take to learn, but is aware he will be fly fishing with his boss in two months. Systems and methods herein can infer (e.g., using inferential statistics that are predetermined or developed through previous observation and/or analysis of the user) various instructions and milestones to best prepare the user for the trip in two months. This inferred training plan can thereafter be adjusted during the two months to accommodate the user&#39;s unique learning curve, adherence to a schedule of instruction and/or any given instruction, changes to the timeline (e.g., changed timing of trip), et cetera. 
     The update component  1020  can also update the logic of the instruction component  120  such that the instruction component  120  is more tailored to a small group of users (e.g., golfers of the same gender, birth year, golf handicap, swing nuances, et cetera). 
     In one example, with the instruction  160  the actual action of the user  140  can be for a golf swing and the standard action for the user  150  can the golf swing of Tiger Woods. The instruction can be for the user to increase the angle of their backswing, but the user can have difficulty with this due to lack of back flexibility. The investigation component  1010  can identify this difficulty and the update component  1020  can, in response to the identification of this difficulty, cause the logic of the instruction component  120  to consider limited back flexibility in subsequent instructions. At another time, the actual action of the user  140  can be a tennis backhand and the standard action for the user can be a generic backswing with a result of more accuracy. When the instruction component  120  produces the instruction  160  with regard to the tennis backhand, the updated logic with cause the instruction to put less emphasis on back flexibility than would have been without the update. 
     In at least one embodiment, at least one component disclosed herein (e.g., the instruction component  120 , the choice component  710  of  FIG. 7 , et cetera) is located at a central server that communicates with different client devices (e.g., mobile devices). The different client devices can access the instruction component  120  and request the instruction  160 . As feedback is gained from users at these different client devices following various instructions, the update component  1020  can update the logic of the instruction component  120  such that the instruction component produces improved instructions. In at least one embodiment, the update component  1020  is located at the central server while different client devices have individual instruction components  120 . In one example, the update component  1020  can determine a global update and push the update to the instruction components  120  at the different client devices. In one example, the update component  1020  can determine an update for an individual instruction component  120  or a subset of instruction components  120  (e.g., less than a full set of instruction components serviced by the update component  1020 ) and this update can be pushed to the appropriate instruction component  120  or subset of instruction component  120 . 
       FIG. 11  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system  1100  that includes a prediction component  1110 , the difference component  110 , the instruction component  120 , and the output component  130 . The prediction component  1110  predicts a future actual action of the user. The instruction component  120  takes the future actual action of user into account in the production of the instruction  160 . 
     In at least one embodiment, an anticipation of deterioration of the user&#39;s body with age can be taken into account. The actual action of the user  140  can be long-distance running, such as running in a 10 kilometer race (a 10 k). In one example, the user can be near retirement age. The prediction component  1110  can predict that in the future the user will have less flexibility when they run as they age. The instruction component  120  can produce the instruction  160  such that a stride learned currently will also work in the future as the user has less flexibility. In one example, the user can be a teenager. A medical professional may believe it is detrimental for a teenager, specifically a younger teenager, to run a race as long as a 10 k. The instruction  160  can be for the teenager not to run the race (e.g., the instruction component  120  evaluates the standard action for the user  150  of a world champion runner and determines that the impact on the body of the teenager would be too great). The instruction  160  can be for the teenager to run with minimal or lowered impact on long term health. Thus, the standard action for the user  150  can be a healthy or relatively healthy running style for the teenager. 
     In at least one embodiment, an anticipation of deterioration of the user&#39;s body over an activity is taken into account. In one example, the actual action of the user  140  is the user&#39;s stride while running the first miles in a marathon. As the user runs, various instructions can be provided to the user (e.g., the instruction  160 ). The initial instructions can take into account that the user has many miles ahead. Therefore, the instructions can be for movements that conserve energy of the user since the future actual action of the user will be continued running. 
     In at least one embodiment, the prediction component  1110  can anticipate that as a runner runs in a marathon, lactic acid will build in his or her legs and as such it will be more difficult for the user to move their legs. Therefore, the instruction component  1110  can produce the instruction  160  such that lower lactic acid levels are achieved as the user runs. In at least one embodiment, the prediction component  1110  can view a user medical history and determine that later in races the user has knee pain from continued impact on pavement. The instruction component  160  can produce the instruction  160  such that a movement is selected to cause knee pain to be lowered. In at least one embodiment, the prediction component  1110  can anticipate that the user will lose certain form elements in their running stride as the user runs more miles of the marathon. Therefore, the instruction  160  can be produced in anticipation of this loss of form and/or to have the loss of form occur at a latest time possible. In at least one embodiment, the system  110  can be incorporated in a device that includes a map application (e.g., map website, map database, et cetera) and a global positioning system. The instruction  160  can be different if it is anticipated that the running will run mostly uphill as opposed to mostly downhill (which can be determined by way of the map application and the global positioning system). 
     In at least one embodiment, an anticipation of how the user will improve is taken into account. The actual action of the user  140  can be a golf swing and the standard action for the user can be the golf swing of Tiger Woods. While the overall goal can be for the user to emulate the swing of Tiger Woods, the growing process to reach that goal can be difficult and frustrating. The prediction component  1110  can predict that the user will not have success for the first q number of months after following a first instruction when swing transition includes multiple instructions. The prediction component  1110  can also predict that the user has a certain likelihood of becoming tired of not being successful. Based on this information, the instruction component  120  can produce the instruction  160  (e.g., select a particular instruction over at least one other possible instruction) to minimize initial change for the actual action of the user  140  (e.g., even if this adds to an overall number of instructions of lengthens time for the user to reach the standard action for the user  150 ), attempt to have the actual user such that the user&#39;s golf score stays as low as possible, et cetera The instruction component  120  can retain the instruction in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and the output component  130  can cause the instruction to be disclosed (e.g., texted to a mobile device associated with the user). 
     In at least one embodiment, medical databases or purpose-built databases can be leveraged to determine ages or conditions at/under which injury, deterioration, rate of healing, and other physical risks manifest or subside. Based on user information (e.g., age, height, weight, previous injuries or conditions, and others), training plans can be customized to minimize risks or facilitate recovery based on a user&#39;s place in a risk database generated from at least the medical or purpose-built databases. The user&#39;s seeding in the risk database can change based on observed performance and over time (e.g., as a user ages, their placement in the database can change) or events (e.g., if the user suffers an injury, then their placement in the database can change). In at least one embodiment, the user can report a condition or injury, and a training plan can be adjusted in turn. In at least one embodiment, at least one of a user&#39;s body composition or an estimated body composition can be used to estimate forces and stresses applied to particular portions of a body (e.g., knee joints). Training can be customized to select motions or activities that minimize use or wear to particular portions of the body based on injury or estimated risk. In addition, user injury risk can be balanced against other goals. For example, a professional athlete may desire to shorten a recovery schedule even if that means a risk of re-injury is greater due to a limited window in which the professional athlete can make money. In addition, observed following of training and other learned information can populate the database, change how training (e.g., training instructions) is produced, et cetera. 
       FIG. 12  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system  1200  that includes a processor  1210  and a non-transitory computer-readable medium  1220 . In at least one embodiment, the processor  1210  and/or the non-transitory computer-readable medium  1220  can individually be part of various systems disclosed herein. For example, the non-transitory computer-readable medium  1220  can be part of the system  100  of  FIG. 1  (e.g., with or without the processor  1210 ) and can retain the instruction  160  of  FIG. 1 . In at least one embodiment, the processor  1210 , the non-transitory computer-readable medium  1220 , and/or another component disclosed herein can be part of the mobile device discussed with regard to  FIG. 1 . In at least one embodiment, a component disclosed herein can include the processor  1210  and/or the processor  1210  can function as a component disclosed herein (e.g., preform processing of the observation component  610  of  FIG. 6 ). 
     In at least one embodiment, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium  1220  is communicatively coupled to the processor  1210  and stores computer executable components to facilitate operation of the components comprising a variance component, a recommendation component, and a causation component. The variance component is configured to identify a variance between an item and a desired outcome for the item. The recommendation component is configured to make a recommendation on how to change the item to be more in line with the desired outcome for the item, where the recommendation is based, at least in part, on the variance. The causation component is configured to cause revelation of the recommendation (e.g., display on a monitor, cause audio presentment, et cetera). 
     In one example, a writer can write several chapters of a book and be struck with writer&#39;s block on how to continue with the book and thus have a partially completed book. The variance component can analyze the partially completed book to determine a book style, book genre, and other information. Based on this information, the variance component can search out completed books (or a single completed book) similar to the chapters, where the sought out books are commercially successful, critically acclaimed, et cetera. Such aspects can be determined using various statistical analyses or searching techniques. In at least one embodiment, books (or other media) can be analyzed and assigned a “fingerprint” based on an analysis algorithm, from which similarities or distinctions can be gleaned. In at least one embodiment, media can be manually rated or associated with particular qualities. Hybrid techniques utilizing machine learning or other techniques can be employed to develop stored information against which to analyze the writer&#39;s style or develop suggestions. The variance component can compare the found book or books with the partially completed book and based on this comparison the recommendation component can recommend how the writer should move forward with the partially completed book. For example, the recommendation can be to have the love interests marry if the writer&#39;s block is at the point on if they should move forward together or drift apart. 
     In one example, an advertisement can be evaluated to determine a similarity of the advertisement to other advertisements, where the desired outcome is that the advertisement has a positive impact on potential consumers. If the advertisement is too similar to advertisements of competitors, then the advertisement may not have the positive impact desired. The recommendation component can proactively determine how the advertisement should be changed to make the advertisement more distinct while having the positive impact. The causation component can proactively cause the recommendation to be revealed (e.g., generate a report that includes the recommendation). In at least one embodiment, the causation component can proactively cause the recommendation to be implemented upon the advertisement. 
     In one example, an artist can produce a painting that he or she believes is complete. The artist can submit a sample painting that the artist would like his or her painting to be similar to as the desired outcome. The variance component can compare the painting with the sample painting to determine differences (or single difference) between the painting and the sample painting. The recommendation component can recommend how the painting could be changed to be more similar to the sample painting or recommend that the painting is similar enough to the sample painting and as such the recommendation is that no change should be made. The causation component can disclose this recommendation. 
     In one example, a musical artist can write a song and have specific metrics for the song such as length, vocal range for the singer, et cetera. The variance component can compare the song (e.g., a performance of the song, sheet music of the song) against the specific metrics that function as the desired outcome. The recommendation component can identify how the change the song and recommend the identified changes. The causation component can disclose the identified changes by modifying the song and playing the modified song for the musical artist. The musical artist can use an interface to accept the changes, accepts part of the changes, make further changes, reject the changes, et cetera. 
     In one example, a student can try to solve a mathematical problem on a chalkboard that is the item. The observation component  610  of  FIG. 6  can identify that that student is performing a step wrong that is the actual action of the user  140  as compared to a correct solution that is the desired outcome for the item. The variance component can compare the step against the correct solution and the recommendation component can make a recommendation to the student on how the correct the wrong step. This recommendation can include telling the student the correct step, informing the student that the step is wrong, playing a lesson for the student, et cetera. The causation component can reveal the recommendation. 
     While particular examples have been provided, it is to be appreciated that instances directed to sports, art, or other tasks are provided to suggest the spirit of aspects herein rather than provide a literal or exhaustive listing. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate how examples directed to a writer can be modified to apply to an athlete, how examples directed to an athlete can be modified to apply to a musician, and so forth. 
     The following methodologies are described with reference to figures depicting the methodologies as a series of blocks. These methodologies may be referred to as methods, processes, and others. While shown as a series of blocks, it is to be appreciated that the blocks can occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other blocks. Additionally, blocks may not be required to perform a methodology. For example, if an example methodology shows blocks 1, 2, 3, and 4, it may be possible for the methodology to function with blocks 1-2-4, 1-2, 3-1-4, 2, 1-2-3-4, and others. Blocks may be wholly omitted, re-ordered, repeated or appear in combinations not depicted. Individual blocks or groups of blocks may additionally be combined or separated into multiple components. Furthermore, additional and/or alternative methodologies can employ additional, not illustrated blocks, or supplemental blocks not pictured can be employed in some models or diagrams without deviating from the spirit of the features. In addition, at least a portion of the methodologies described herein may be practiced on a computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that when executed by a processor cause the processor to perform a methodology (e.g., method). 
       FIG. 13  illustrates at least one embodiment of a first method  1300 . At  1310 , observing an actual action of a user occurs and at  1320 , collecting a standard action for the user occurs. At  1330 , making an identification of a difference between the actual action of the user and the standard action for the user occurs. Producing an instruction for the user to instruct the user to change from the action of the user to the standard action for the user occurs at  1340 , where the production of the instruction is based, at least in part, on the difference. At  1350 , causing disclosure of the instruction occurs. Actions are not necessarily required to be performed in the order listed. For example, the standard action can be collected before the actual action is observed. 
       FIG. 14  illustrates at least one embodiment of a second method  1400 . At  1405 , a request is received (e.g., from the user, from a coach or instructor, from an automated system, et cetera) for an instruction and the action to receive the instruction is identified at  1410 . The action is analyzed at  1415  and a standard for the action is identified at  1420 . The standard can be expressly given, found, found and then verified (e.g., by the user as acceptable), et cetera. The action and standard can be compared to one another at  1425  and a check can occur if a difference exists at  1430 . If the difference does not exist or is not considered substantial (e.g., objective metric and/or subjective metric), then a notice can be given that no change in action should occur. 
     If the difference does exist or is substantial, then the difference can be analyzed at  1435  and an instruction can be produced at  1440  based, at least in part, on analysis of the difference. The instruction can also be produced (e.g., generated, found, selected, et cetera) based on the action, the standard, a user request, user biometric data, or other data that may or may not include the difference. The instruction can be disclosed at  1445  and how the user follows the instruction can be monitored at  1450 . An inference can be drawn on how the user follows the instruction (e.g., the user ignores the instruction, the user has great success in following the instruction, et cetera). Based on this inference, a determination can be made on if logic should be changed at  1455  used to produce the instruction. If the determination is that the logic should not be changed, a result of the inference and/or a monitor result can be recorded and used at a later time if further evidence arises. If change is appropriate, the change can be determined at  1460  and enacted at  1465 , the logic with the change can be tested at  1470 , a subsequent instruction can be produced at  1475 , and the subsequent instruction can be disclosed at  1480 . 
       FIG. 15  illustrates at least one embodiment of an example system  1500  that can function as part of a control system  1510 . The system  1500  can include at least one component disclosed herein and the control system  1510  can be a mechanical control system, electrical control system, analog control system, digital control system, software control system, et cetera. The input can be commands (e.g., computer source code, computer executable code, et cetera) used by the instruction component  120  of  FIG. 1  to produce the instruction of  FIG. 1  while the instruction  160  of  FIG. 1  and how the user follows this instruction can be the output. Based, at least in part, on how the user follows the instruction  160  of  FIG. 1 , feedback can be obtained that can be used to change the commands. 
       FIG. 16  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system  1600  that may be used in practicing at least one aspect disclosed herein. The system  1600  includes a transmitter  1605  and a receiver  1610 . In one or more embodiments, the transmitter  1605  can include reception capabilities and/or the receiver  1610  can include transmission capabilities. In at least one embodiment, the system  100  of  FIG. 1  includes the transmitter  1605  and/or the receiver  1610 . In at least one embodiment, the transmitter  1605  functions as at least part of the output component  130  of  FIG. 1 . In at least one embodiment, the receiver functions as at least part of the input component  510  of  FIG. 5  to receive the goal input from a mobile device of the user (e.g., transmitted from the transmitter  1605 ). In at least one embodiment, the system  100  of  FIG. 1  and/or the system  1200  of  FIG. 12  integrate with the system  1600  on a mobile device. 
     The transmitter  1605  and receiver  1610  can each function as a client, a server, and others. The transmitter  1605  and receiver  1610  can each include the non-transitory computer-readable medium  1220  of  FIG. 12  used in operation. The non-transitory computer-readable medium  1220  of  FIG. 12  may include instructions that are executed by the transmitter  1605  or receiver  1610  to cause the transmitter  1605  or receiver  1610  to perform a method (e.g., a method disclosed herein). The transmitter  1605  and receiver  1610  can engage in a communication with one another. This communication can be over a communication medium. Example communication mediums include an intranet, an extranet, the Internet, a secured communication channel, an unsecure communication channel, radio airwaves, a hardwired channel, a wireless channel, and others. Example transmitters  1605  include a base station, a personal computer, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant, and others. Example receivers  1610  include a base station, a cellular telephone, personal computer, personal digital assistant, and others. The example system  1600  may function along a Local Access Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), and others. The aspects described are merely an example of network structures and intended to generally describe, rather than limit, network and/or remote applications of features described herein. 
       FIG. 17  illustrates at least one embodiment of a system  1700 , upon which at least one aspect disclosed herein can be practiced. In at least one embodiment, the system  1700  can be considered a computer system that can function in a stand-alone manner as well as communicate with other devices (e.g., a central server, communicate with devices through data network (e.g., Internet) communication, etc). Information (e.g., the instruction  160  of  FIG. 1 ) can be displayed through use of a monitor  1705  and a user can provide information (e.g., goal input, location information for the standard action for the user  150  of  FIG. 1 , et cetera) through an input device  1710  (e.g., keyboard, mouse, touch screen, et cetera). A connective port  1715  can be used to engage the system  1700  with other entities, such as a universal bus port, telephone line, attachment for external hard drive, and the like. Additionally, a wireless communicator  1720  can be employed (e.g., that uses an antenna) to wirelessly engage the system  1700  with another device (e.g., in a secure manner with encryption, over open airwaves, and others). A microprocessor  1725  (e.g., that functions as the processor  1210  of  FIG. 12 ) can be used to execute applications and instructions that relate to the system  1700 . In one example, the microprocessor  1725  executes at least one instruction associated with at least one of the difference component  110  of  FIG. 1 , the instruction component  120  of  FIG. 1 , or the output component  130  of  FIG. 1 . Storage can be used by the system  1700 , such as the microprocessor  1725  executing instructions retained by the storage. The storage can be an example of the non-transitory computer-readable medium  1220  of  FIG. 12 . Example storage includes random access memory  1730 , read only memory  1735 , or nonvolatile hard drive  1740 . In at least one embodiment, a memory (e.g., at least one of the random access memory  1730 , read only memory  1735 , and/or the nonvolatile hard drive  1740 ) retains instructions that cause a method disclosed herein to operate. In at least one embodiment, the memory retains a database in accordance with at least one aspect disclosed herein. 
     The system  1700  may run program modules. Program modules can include routines, programs, components, data structures, logic, et cetera, that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The system  1700  can function as a single-processor or multiprocessor computer system, minicomputer, mainframe computer, laptop computer, desktop computer, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, and the like. 
     It is to be appreciated that aspects disclosed herein can be practiced through use of artificial intelligence techniques. In one example, a determination or inference described herein can, in at least one embodiment, be made through use of a Bayesian model, Markov model, statistical projection, neural networks, classifiers (e.g., linear, non-linear, et cetera), using provers to analyze logical relationships, rule-based systems, deep intelligence, or other technique. 
     While example systems, methods, and so on have been illustrated by describing examples, and while the examples have been described in considerable detail, it is not the intention of the applicants to restrict or in any way limit the scope of the appended claims to such detail. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the systems, methods, and so on described herein. Therefore, innovative aspects are not limited to the specific details, the representative apparatus, and illustrative examples shown and described. Thus, this application is intended to embrace alterations, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims. 
     Functionality described as being performed by one entity (e.g., component, hardware item, and others) may be performed by other entities, and individual aspects can be performed by a plurality of entities simultaneously or otherwise. For example, functionality may be described as being performed by a processor. One skilled in the art will appreciate that this functionality can be performed by different processor types (e.g., a single-core processor, quad-core processor, et cetera), different processor quantities (e.g., one processor, two processors, et cetera), a processor with other entities (e.g., a processor and storage), a non-processor entity (e.g., mechanical device), and others. 
     In addition, unless otherwise stated, functionality described as a system may function as part of a method, an apparatus, a method executed by a computer-readable medium, and other embodiments may be implemented. In one example, functionality included in a system may also be part of a method, apparatus, and others. 
     Where possible, example items may be combined in at least some embodiments. In one example, example items include A, B, C, and others. Thus, possible combinations include A, AB, AC, ABC, AAACCCC, AB, ABCD, and others. Other combinations and permutations are considered in this way, to include a potentially endless number of items or duplicates thereof.