Patent Publication Number: US-2023134335-A1

Title: Power distribution over ethernet connection

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/332,960, filed on May 27, 2021, entitled “POWER DISTRIBUTION OVER ETHERNET CONNECTION”, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/032,192, filed on May 29, 2020, entitled “POWER DISTRIBUTION OVER ETHERNET CONNECTION”, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety and for all purposes. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Electronic devices including networking devices and/or networking-related devices can communicate with each other using twisted pairs of insulated wire, such as Ethernet cables. Ethernet cables are capable of transmitting power as well as data between devices. Cables for electronics devices supplying power or data are frequently subject to certain building codes and/or regulatory requirements. For instance, low voltage cables with individual circuits carrying more than 100 Watt (W) are subjected to more stringent building codes and/or regulatory requirements than low voltage circuits carrying less than 100 W. 
     Many building codes require additional restrictions and protections on low voltage circuits carrying more than 100 W of power in order to reduce the risk of fire if a cable is inadvertently shorted to ground. To safely power an electronic device requiring more than 100 W via an Ethernet cable, multiple independent low voltage circuits can be used that each draw less than 100 W. Among other things, these additional circuits require more electrical components, more expensive electrical components, and/or more complex design than for a single 100 W low voltage circuit. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure will become more readily appreciated as the same become better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
         FIG.  1    is an example block diagram illustration of a communication node and associated component(s) included in a communication system in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  2    illustrates at least a portion of a circuit showing details of magnetics included in the power delivery device shown in  FIG.  1    in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  3    illustrates at least a portion of a circuit showing details of magnetics included in the communication node shown in  FIG.  1    in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  4 A  is an example block diagram illustration of a communication node and associated component(s) included in a communication system in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  4 B  is an example block diagram illustration of a communication node and associated component(s) included in a communication system in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  5    illustrates at least a portion of a circuit showing details of magnetics included in the power delivery device shown in  FIG.  4 A  in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  6    illustrates at least a portion of a circuit showing details of magnetics included in the communication node shown in  FIG.  4 A  in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  7    illustrates a diagram showing an example wireless communication system in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Embodiments of apparatuses and methods relate to power delivery over an Ethernet cable to a communication node of a communication system. These and other aspects of the present disclosure will be more fully described below. 
     While the concepts of the present disclosure are susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described herein in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intent to limit the concepts of the present disclosure to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives consistent with the present disclosure and the appended claims. 
     References in the specification to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “an illustrative embodiment,” etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may or may not necessarily include that particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described. Additionally, it should be appreciated that items included in a list in the form of “at least one A, B, and C” can mean (A); (B); (C); (A and B); (B and C); (A and C); or (A, B, and C). Similarly, items listed in the form of “at least one of A, B, or C” can mean (A); (B); (C); (A and B); (B and C); (A and C); or (A, B, and C). 
     Language such as “top surface”, “bottom surface”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, and “lateral” in the present disclosure is meant to provide orientation for the reader with reference to the drawings and is not intended to be the required orientation of the components or to impart orientation limitations into the claims. 
     In the drawings, some structural or method features may be shown in specific arrangements and/or orderings. However, it should be appreciated that such specific arrangements and/or orderings may not be required. Rather, in some embodiments, such features may be arranged in a different manner and/or order than shown in the illustrative figures. Additionally, the inclusion of a structural or method feature in a particular figure is not meant to imply that such feature is required in all embodiments and, in some embodiments, it may not be included or may be combined with other features. 
     Many embodiments of the technology described herein may take the form of computer- or processor-executable instructions, including routines executed by a programmable computer, processor, controller, chip, and/or the like. Those skilled in the relevant art will appreciate that the technology can be practiced on computer/controller systems other than those shown and described above. The technology can be embodied in a special-purpose computer, controller, or processor that is specifically programmed, configured or constructed to perform one or more of the computer-executable instructions described above. Accordingly, the terms “computer,” “controller,” “processor,” or the like as generally used herein refer to any data processor and can include Internet appliances and hand-held devices (including palm-top computers, wearable computers, cellular or mobile phones, multi-processor systems, processor-based or programmable consumer electronics, network computers, mini computers, and the like). Information handled by these computers can be presented at any suitable display medium, including an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display or liquid crystal display (LCD). 
     Some of the issues raised above with respect to powering devices are addressed in this disclosure. It would be advantageous to configure devices to include power circuitry, Ethernet ports, and/or other electrical components defining the power path in compliance with lower voltage, low power transmission limit requirements while still capable of safely handling higher power requirements. Likewise, it would be advantageous to power higher power-requiring electronic devices over an Ethernet cable using lower power transmission compliant power circuitry. It would be advantageous for power circuitry and associated circuitry capable of transmitting and/or receiving higher power to have other benefits such as protection against adverse operating conditions. It would also be advantageous to provide a simple yet robust method to detect that an electronic device can safely receive this total power across multiple circuits. Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to these and other improvements in networking devices, networking-related devices, power circuitry, and/or portions thereof. 
       FIG.  1    is an example block diagram illustration of a communication node  100  and associated component(s) included in a communication system in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Communication node  100  includes ground or terrestrial equipment configured to communicate with one or more other communication nodes included in the communication system. Communication node  100  is powered by a direct current (DC) power source  102  that is derived from an alternating current (AC) power source  110 . Communication node  100  is associated with a user desirous of transmitting and receiving information using the communication system. 
     Communication node  100  is also referred to as a node, user terminal, user equipment, user transceiver, end terminal, and/or the like. In an embodiment, communication node  100  can include a gateway, repeater, relay, base station, and/or other communications equipment included in the communication system. The communication system can include a wireless communication system, a satellite-based communication system, a terrestrial-based communication system, a non-geostationary (NGO) satellite communication system, a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication system, and/or the like. 
     In some embodiments, communication node  100  is located on the ground (e.g., backyard), on a building (e.g., rooftop, baloney, side of the building), near the ground (e.g., deck), and/or any location suitable to maintain a line of sight (or at least a partial line of sight) with another communication node of the communication system. For example, without limitation, in a satellite communication system, the communication node  100  can include ground equipment configured to communicate with one or more satellites of a satellite constellation orbiting Earth. 
     Communication node  100  is electrically coupled to a power delivery device  102  via an Ethernet cable  41104 . Power delivery device  102  can be located internal to a building, structure, or enclosure  106  while communication node  100  is located internal, external, or partially external to building/structure/enclosure  106 . Power delivery device  102  is also referred to as a power brick, power transformer, and/or the like. If at least a portion of the communication node  100  is located outdoors, a first portion of the Ethernet cable  104  can be located inside building/structure/enclosure  106  and a second portion of the Ethernet cable  104  different from the first portion can be located outside of building/structure/enclosure  106 . Ethernet cable  104  is sufficiently shielded and weatherproofed so as to be able to withstand a variety of weather and/or external conditions. 
     Power delivery device  102  is configured to draw voltage from an AC power supply  110 , convert the received voltage into a low DC voltage format suitable for transmitting to communication node  100 , provide one or more circuit protection features to prevent damage to communication node  100 , be responsive to power needs of communication node  100 , and/or the like. Power delivery device  102  includes at least three ports or external connection points—a first port to electrically couple to an AC power supply  110 ; a second port to wired or wirelessly communicate with a user device  103 , such as a user Ethernet port  112 ; and a third port comprising an Ethernet port to electrically couple to the Ethernet cable  104 . 
     AC power supply  110  includes an AC voltage supply or source provided in the building/structure/enclosure  106 . As an example, without limitation, AC power supply  110  includes an AC voltage wall outlet. Depending on the country or type of wall outlet, the AC voltage can range from 100 Volt (V) to 240 V AC. 
     User Ethernet port  112  is associated with wired or wireless communication with a user device  103 . For example, the user device  103  can include a laptop or computer having a wired connection with power delivery device  102  via an Ethernet cable electrically coupled to the user Ethernet port  112 . Power delivery device  102  serves as an intermediary or conduit for data communication between the user device  103  and communication node  100 . Data from the user device  103  is provided to communication node  100  via power delivery device  102  and Ethernet cable  104 . Communication node  100 , in turn, transmits the data to another communication node of the communication system. The returned data from the another communication node (or a different communication node) is propagated in reverse order to the user device  103 . As another example, the user device  103  can include a wireless router (e.g., Wifi router) and a user interfacing device such as a laptop, computer, smartphone, tablet, Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc. The wireless router has a wired connection with power delivery device  102 , via user Ethernet port  112 , while the user interfacing device wirelessly communicates with the wireless router. In such a scheme, data from the user interfacing device is relayed to the wireless router, user Ethernet port  112 , power delivery device  102 , Ethernet cable  104 , then to communication node  100 . The returning data from another communication node is propagated in reverse order to the user interfacing device. 
     Power delivery device  102  includes, but is not limited to, the user Ethernet port  112 ; an alternating current-direct current (AC-DC) converter  114 ; current limiters  116 ,  118 ,  120 ,  122 ; a power controller  124 ; surge protectors  126 ,  128 ,  130 ; and magnetics  132 ,  134 ,  136 ,  138 . AC-DC converter  114  is (electrically) disposed between AC power supply  110 , and each of current limiter  116 , current limiter  118 , current limiter  120 , and current limiter  122 . Power controller  124  electrically couples to each of current limiter  116 , current limiter  118 , current limiter  120 , and current limiter  122 . In some embodiments, power controller  124  electrically couples to AC-DC converter  114 . In some embodiments, power controller  124  can be included within AC-DC converter  114 . Surge protector  130  electrically couples to each of user Ethernet port  112 , magnetics  132 , magnetics  134 , magnetics  136 , and magnetics  138 . Surge protector  126  is electrically disposed between magnetics  132  and current limiter  116 . Surge protector  128  is electrically disposed between magnetics  134  and current limiter  118 . Current limiter  120  is electrically disposed between magnetics  136  and AC-DC converter  114 . Current limiter  122  is electrically disposed between magnetics  138  and AC-DC converter  114 . 
     Ethernet cable  104  is configured to simultaneously transport data and power from the power delivery device  102  to the communication node  100 , and can also transport data from the communication node  100  to the power delivery device  102 . Ethernet cable  104  includes a plurality of wires or electrical conductive lines, which in combination with communication node  100  and power delivery device  102 , define circuits as will be described in detail below. Because current flows in a loop in each of the defined circuits, voltage information associated with the communication node  100  is provided, along with data, to power delivery device  102  via Ethernet cable  104 , which can be used for various monitoring, control, and/or protection purposes. 
     Communication node  100  includes, but is not limited to, magnetics  152 ,  154 ,  156 ,  158 ; surge protectors  160 ,  168 , modem and antenna system  162 , diodes  164 ,  166 , a power signature circuit  170 ; and a board power converter  172 . Magnetics  132  and  152  are electrically coupled to each other via twisted pair wires  182  of Ethernet cable  104 . Magnetics  134  and  154  are electrically coupled to each other via twisted pair wires  184  of Ethernet cable  104 . Magnetics  136  and  156  are electrically coupled to each other via twisted pair wires  186  of Ethernet cable  104 . Magnetics  138  and  158  are electrically coupled to each other via twisted pair wires  188  of Ethernet cable  104 . Surge protector  160  is electrically coupled to each of magnetics  152 ,  154 ,  156 ,  158 , and modem and antenna system  162 . Magnetics  152  is electrically coupled to diode  164 , and diode  164 , in turn, is electrically coupled to surge protector  168 . Magnetics  154  is electrically coupled to diode  166 , and diode  166 , in turn, is electrically coupled to surge protector  168 . Power signature circuit  170  electrically couples to magnetics  156  and  158 . Power signature circuit  170  also electrically couples to surge protector  168 . The board power converter  172  is electrically disposed between the modem and antenna system  162  and the power signature circuit  170 . 
     Power delivery device  102  is referred to as the source side or source, and communication node  100  is referred to as the load side or load for power delivery purposes. Since the power is delivered or injected to communication node  100  from the power delivery device  102  via the Ethernet cable  104 , the power delivery scheme of the present disclosure is referred to as power over Ethernet (PoE). 
     AC-DC converter  114  is configured to draw voltage from AC power supply  110 . AC power supply  110  is configured to supply a voltage signal having a voltage between approximately 100 to 240 V AC, for example. AC-DC converter  114  is configured to draw less or equal to the maximum voltage available from AC power supply  110 . In some embodiments, AC-DC converter  114  is configured to convert the voltage received from AC power supply  110  to a voltage level less or equal to the maximum voltage level permitted per circuit under regulatory requirements. 
     In some embodiments, power delivery device  102  can be a Class 2 compliant device, a National Electric Code (NEC) classification in the United States in which each output low voltage circuit is limited to a maximum of 100 Watt (W) if used with an AC to DC power supply or 60 V DC or lower voltage per circuit. Ethernet cable  104  also can be a Class 2 compliant device. Nevertheless, power delivery device  102  via Ethernet cable  104  is capable of delivering a maximum of 60 V DC per circuit per Class 2 compliant requirement and safely limits each circuit to 100 W maximum while still delivering a total of greater than 100 W spread out across multiple circuits. Each circuit is current limited on the power delivery (via current limiters  116 ,  118 ) and power return side (via current limiters  120 ,  122 ), and the system provides diodes  164 ,  166  in communication node  100  to safely limit each circuit to less than 100 W even during cable or device damage or faults. 
     The converted voltage outputted by AC-DC converter  114  can be 56 V DC, for example (e.g., a DC voltage less than or equal to 60 V). As used herein, references to 56 V or 56 V DC can be understood more generally to mean any DC supply voltage that complies with electrical code requirements and/or system design requirements for maximum voltage per circuit. The converted voltage can be the input to each of current limiters  116  and  118 . Each of current limiter  116  (denoted as current limiter  1 ) and current limiter  118  (denoted as current limiter  2 ) is configured to limit the current associated with the converted voltage to a pre-set value, if necessary, before providing the converted voltage to respective surge protectors  126 ,  128 . Each of surge protectors  126 ,  128 , also referred to as a surge suppressor, is configured to suppress voltage spikes. If the inputted voltage level is above a threshold level, then the inputted voltage portion above the threshold is blocked or shorted to ground. This ensures that the voltage inputted to each of magnetics  132 ,  134  is the same as the converted voltage outputted by AC-DC converter  114  or is limited to 60 V DC or less per Class 2 requirements. Such voltage inputted to each of magnetics  132 ,  134  includes the power or power signal to be delivered to communication node  100 . 
     In an embodiment, instead of AC-DC converter  114  providing a voltage signal at a desired voltage, current limiters  116 ,  118  and/or surge protectors  126 ,  128  are configured to transform the voltage signal outputted from AC-DC converter  114  into the desired voltage to each of the magnetics  132 ,  134 . Each of current limiters  116 ,  118  can be configured to output a particular current associated with the desired voltage, based on control signals from power controller  124 . Surge protectors  126 ,  128  can act as a final check of the desired voltage being provided to each of magnetics  132 ,  134  for transmission to communication node  100 . 
     Surge protector  130  also includes a surge suppressor configured to protect against voltage spikes. In the present disclosure, surge protector  130  is configured to protect against potential high voltages associated with the data signal received from the user device  103  via user Ethernet port  112 . 
     The Ethernet data signals are transmitted using twisted pair wires or lines. Power is delivered by applying a common DC bias voltage to both wires/lines of the twisted pair. Accordingly, the power delivery technique described with respect to  FIG.  1    can be referred to as common mode power delivery. This allows the data transmission to ride on top of the DC bias voltage. Each magnetics  132 ,  134 ,  136 ,  138 ,  152 ,  154 ,  156 ,  158  includes a transformer in series with a common mode choke. The transformer is configured to apply or remove the applied DC voltage while the common mode choke is configured to attenuate noise associated with the Ethernet data signals. Transformers included in magnetics  132 ,  134 ,  156 , and  158  apply the DC bias voltage to respective twisted pair wires. The DC bias voltage can be input into the center tap of the transformers included in magnetics  132 ,  134 ,  156 , and  158 . Transformers included in magnetics  152 ,  154 ,  136 , and  138  separate the DC bias voltage from the data signals. In communication node  100 , DC bias voltage separated or extracted by transformers are sent to board power converter  172  to power the communication node  100  while the data signals are sent to modem and antenna system  162 . Data signals can be sent to user Ethernet port  112  from node  100  to communicate between devices. Each of magnetics  132 ,  134 ,  136 ,  138 ,  152 ,  154 ,  156 ,  158  is also referred to as Ethernet magnetics. Ethernet cable  104  includes at least four (electrically conductive) twisted pairs of wires/lines  182 ,  184 ,  186 ,  188  (also referred to as twisted pair wires/lines) electrically coupled to respective magnetics  132 ,  134 ,  136 ,  138  at one end and respective magnetics  152 ,  154 ,  156 ,  158  at the opposite end. A first signal path is thus defined by magnetics  132 , first twisted pair wires  182 , and magnetics  152 . A first transmission signal traverses the first signal path to be received by magnetics  152 . A second signal path is defined by magnetics  134 , second twisted pair wires  184 , and magnetics  154 . A second transmission signal traverses the second signal path to be received by magnetics  154 . A third signal path is defined by magnetics  156 , third twisted pair wires  186 , and magnetics  136 . A fourth signal path is defined by magnetics  158 , fourth twisted pair wires  188 , and magnetics  138 . The third and fourth signal paths include part of return signal paths to complete the circuits. First, second, third, and fourth signal paths are parallel to each other. 
     First transmission signal received by magnetics  152  is processed to separate the data from the power. The data, carried on a signal having a certain voltage, is provided as an input to surge protector  160 . Surge protector  160  is similar to surge protector  130  in that surge protector  160  is configured to suppress incoming voltage above a threshold. Surge protector  160  is configured to output the data to modem and antenna system  162  at a safe signal level. Second transmission signal received by magnetics  154  is similarly processed, with its associated data inputted to surge protector  160 , data voltage level limited as necessary, and outputted to modem and antenna system  162 . 
     Modem and antenna system  162  is configured to process the data signals appropriate for transmission to another communication node of the communication system. Modem and antenna system  162  includes, but is not limited to, one or more modem, antenna, processor, transmitter, receiver, integrated circuit (IC) chips, transmission associated circuitry, receiving associated circuitry, and/or the like. 
     The power portion of the first transmission signal at magnetics  152  can be the input to diode  164 . Diode  164  is configured to isolate external cable or device faults or damage that can short multiple circuits together. This diode prevents current from flowing backwards and ensures that the total power on a single circuit does not exceed 100 W. Without diode  164 , current from a first circuit can flow backwards onto a second circuit if the second circuit is inadvertently shorted in Ethernet cable  104 . The current limiters (e.g., current limiters  116 ,  118 ,  120 , and/or  122 ) can still each detect less than 100 W but one of the twisted pair lines can have a combined power above 100 W by drawing from a first circuit from power delivery device  102  and a second circuit that comes from node  100 . With inclusion of diode  164 , a shorted circuit can only draw power from power delivery device  102  and the current limiters properly limit the circuit even in a faulted condition. The output of diode  164  can be a voltage signal close to 56 V DC, a slightly lower voltage level than nominally injected to current limiter  116  and the first signal path. For example, the output of the diode  164  can be within 0 V-1.5 V of the voltage level nominally injected to current limiter  116 . 
     The power portion of the second transmission signal at magnetics  154  can be the input to diode  166 . Diode  166  is similar to diode  164 . The output of diode  166  also can be a voltage signal slightly lower than 56 V DC. For example, the output of the diode  166  can be within 5% of the voltage level nominally injected to current limiter  118 . The voltage signals are combined together at the outputs of diodes  164 ,  166 , to a combined voltage signal still at slightly below 56 V (taking into account cable power losses and diode power losses) or approximately equal to (nominal) 56 V. Communication node  100  can now draw power from two circuits simultaneously to use more than 100 W in total while the individual circuits in the Ethernet cable  104  are safely limited to less than 100 W. 
     The combined voltage signal can be input to surge protector  168  to suppress any voltage in excess of a pre-set threshold value. Surge protector  168  is configured to clamp voltage surges at a level just below the safe operating limit of the downstream components (e.g., power signature circuit  170  and/or board power converter  172 ) to protect them against transients or faults. The voltage signal outputted by surge protector  168  is the input to power signature circuit  170 . 
     Power signature circuit  170  is configured to signal to power delivery device  102  that it is safe to apply the DC supply voltage to node  100 . The DC supply voltage can be any voltage that complies with relevant Some Ethernet devices cannot handle 56 V applied to the twisted pairs. In some embodiments, power controller  124  included in power delivery device  102  first applies a first voltage through a high resistance. The first voltage can be 3 V, 5 V, 5.5 V or any voltage that can be safely applied to Ethernet devices that cannot handle a high DC voltage applied to the twisted pairs. In response, power signature circuit  170  applies that equivalent high resistance to ground to signal to power controller  124  that it acknowledges the request to send power and that node  100  is capable of receiving the full 56 V. The high resistance is chosen so that if the Ethernet cable  104  is (electrically) shorted, it will draw a minimal current from current limiters  116  and  118  and not pose any harm. If node  100  is a device not capable of receiving higher power, the high resistance also protects the device from damage since the voltage and current levels are so low that it cannot damage the device if it inadvertently draws current. 
     Power controller  124  then looks to see if the first voltage (e.g., 5 V) output after the high resistance is dropped in half (e.g., to about 2.5 V) or some other pre-set portion (e.g., one third, two thirds, etc.) of the first voltage applied through the high resistance by power controller  124 . This signals to power controller  124  that the other side (e.g., node  100 ) applied the proper high resistance value and that the Ethernet cable  104  is not shorted. If the full first voltage is still detected, then power controller  124  knows that there is no device electrically connected at the other end of Ethernet cable  104  and not to send power. If the voltage is less than the pre-set portion of the first voltage, power controller  124  knows that there is a wiring short or that node  100  is not capable of receiving power. If, however, the pre-set portion of the first voltage is detected within some tolerance, power controller  124  can safely supply 56 V by enabling current limiters  116  and  118 . In this manner, a detection technique for safely providing power to a load device is implemented using a simple circuit without a controller (e.g., power signature circuit  170 ) in node  100 . The need for a complicated controller in the load device and/or numerous communication between load and source devices is obviated. 
     The combined approximately 56 V is provided to board power converter  172  to properly allocate and distribute power to various components included in node  100 . For example, modem and antenna system  162  is powered by power received from board power converter  172 . Each subcomponent of modem and antenna system  162  can have different power requirements from each other and the power requirement for a given subcomponent can vary as a function of time (e.g., a subcomponent is enabled or disabled at different points in time). 
     A circuit forms a closed loop and accordingly, the start of the return signal path is defined by the board power converter  172  to power signature circuit  170 , and then toward magnetics  156  and  158 . The return or output voltage signal splits into each of magnetics  156 ,  158  to be received by magnetics  136 ,  138 , respectively, via third and fourth lines,  186 ,  188 , respectively. Magnetics  136 ,  138 , in turn, provide return voltages to respective current limiters  120 ,  122 . The outputs of current limiters  120 ,  122  are combined to be an input to AC-DC converter  114 . 
     The circuits formed by communication node  100 , Ethernet cable  104 , and power delivery device  102  have single and dual signal paths at different portions. At a first portion  190  of the circuits, starting with the AC-DC converter  114 , a single signal path is defined (e.g., a single voltage signal at 56 V DC outputted by AC-DC converter  114  to each of current limiters  116 ,  118 ). At a second portion  192  of the circuits, starting with current limiters  116 ,  118 , dual or parallel signal paths are defined. The two signal paths continue with magnetics  132 ,  134  and to magnetics  152 ,  154 , respectively. At a third portion  194  of the circuits, starting with the surge protector  168  to power signature circuit  170  to board power converter  172  and then back to power signature circuit  170 , a single signal path is defined. At a fourth portion  196  of the circuits, starting with magnetics  156 ,  158  to current limiters  120 ,  122 , dual or parallel signal paths are defined. At a fifth portion  198  of the circuits, the outputs of current limiters  120 ,  122  are combined into a single signal path to AC-DC converter  114 . 
     In some embodiments, a first circuit is defined from the output of current limiter  116  to diode  164  and the associated return path to power delivery device  102 , which is a current path of a single circuit of less than 100 W. A second circuit is defined from the output of current limiter  118  to diode  166  and the associated return path to power delivery device  102 , which is a current path of another single circuit of less than 100 W. Thus, two circuits, each carrying less than 100 W, supplies a total of more than 100 W to communication node  100 . 
     Because total power to communication node  100  is delivered on two signal paths/lines/circuits (via first and second twisted pair wires  182 ,  184  of Ethernet cable  104 ) from power delivery device  102 , more than 100 W can be safely delivered to the load (communication node  100 ) while staying in compliance with the maximum allowed power and DC voltage levels per delivery signal path/line/circuit. This means that the circuitry in communication node  100 , power delivery device  102 , or Ethernet cable  104  is not subject to higher regulatory requirements, such as regulatory requirements associated with power delivery greater than 100 W via a single power delivery path/line/circuit between source and load. 
     In some embodiments, prior to start of full power delivery as described above, a check is performed by load detection circuitry as to whether an appropriate communication node, such as communication node  100 , is present and properly connected to power delivery device  102 . Load detection circuitry can be included in AC-DC converter  114  or comprise a separate component electrically disposed between AC-DC converter  114  and current limiters  116 ,  118 . Load detection circuitry can also be referred to as handshaking circuitry. 
     Load detection circuitry is configured to apply a small resistance to the circuit (e.g., add a 1 kiloOhm (kΩ) resistance) just prior to start of second portion  192 . A particular (small) voltage (e.g., 3.3V, 5 V, 5.5 V or any other suitable small voltage) is outputted by AC-DC converter  114  as the detection input voltage. The value of the detection return or output voltage, in response to the detection input voltage, is measured or detected. If the detection return or output voltage is a particular value (e.g., approximately 2.5 V DC), such voltage value is indicative of the communication node  100  present and properly connected to the power delivery device  102 . The values of the detection input voltage and the detection output voltage are selected relative to each other given the particular applied resistance. Such handshake procedure is facilitated by power signature circuit  170  and power controller  124  as described above. 
     Upon detection of the communication node  100 , the applied resistance is disabled or removed from the circuit for full or normal power delivery using 56 V DC output by AC-DC converter  114 . 
     In some embodiments, AC-DC converter  114  may output 56 V DC (or some other voltage) and power controller  124  is configured to generate command signals regarding operation of current limiters  116 ,  118 . In response, current limiters  116 ,  118  limit the output currents to a particular value, the particular value selected with the expectation of the detection return voltage being approximately 2.5 V DC if communication node  100  is properly connected. 
     If the detection return voltage is zero, then the load side is shorted out and it is deemed unsafe to apply the 56 V. The applied resistance limits the current so that the circuit can safely stay in the shorted state indefinitely, if necessary. If the detection return voltage is a particular value higher than the value indicative of proper connection with communication node  100  (typically higher than the approximately 2.5 V DC such as 5 V DC), then the device at the other end can be an incompatible device and the 56 V is not applied. If the detection return voltage is nominally 2.5V DC, the 2.5 V DC detected is associated with an appropriate resistor included in the load side and a safe condition to apply 56 V. 
     Power controller  124  is configured to control current limiters  116 ,  118 ,  120 ,  122 . Current limiters  116 ,  118 ,  120 ,  122  can communicate with power controller  124 , such as providing detected current values to power controller  124  to protect against faults. As an example, if power controller  124  determines power greater than 100 W per circuit, based on detected current in one or more of current limiters  116 ,  118 ,  120 ,  122 , power controller  124  is configured to send control signals to current limiters  116  and  118  (or current limiters  120  and  122 ). The control signals configure current limiters  116  and  118  (or current limiters  120  and  122 ) to be disabled or turned off so as to shut off power from being delivered by the circuit. The power shut off protects against faults and so that the power delivery device  102  will still be Class 2 compliant. 
     If the voltage drops too low, power shut off can also occur, since this condition is indicative of the Ethernet cable  104  dissipating too much power. The power may be shut off to protect the Ethernet cable  104  from damage or further damage. 
     Although the example block diagram of  FIG.  1    describes a DC supply voltage (e.g., 56V) generated by an AC-DC converter with an AC power supply  110  as an input, it should be understood that the DC supply voltage can also be generated by a DC-DC converter (not shown) included within the power delivery device  102  with a DC power supply (e.g., as an alternative to AC power supply  110 ) as an input without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In some implementations, the power delivery device  102  may not include a AC-DC converter or DC-DC converter, and the DC supply voltage can be provided to the power delivery device  102  from an external DC power supply. 
       FIG.  402    illustrates at least a portion of a circuit showing details of magnetics  132 ,  134 ,  136 ,  138  in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Each of magnetics  132 ,  134 ,  136 ,  138  includes high current magnetics. Magnetics  132  includes a transformer  200  electrically coupled to a common mode choke  202 . The DC voltage (e.g., 56 V) from the surge protector  116  is input into the center tap of transformer  200 . Common mode choke  202  electrically couples to a capacitor  204 , and then terminates to ground. Transformer  200  includes a transformer having primary windings to secondary windings at a 1:1 ratio. Transformer  200  can include any of the following types of transformer, without limitation, wire coiled on ferrite cores, copper traces wrapped with a ferrite core, and/or the like. 
     Common mode choke  202  is configured to filter out or attenuate noise from the data signals. Common mode choke  202  is located on the physical (PHY) side or the side of the transformer  200  furthest from the line side (e.g., first twisted pair wires  182 ). Common mode choke  202  is located between the data side (from user Ethernet port  112 ) and transformer  200 , rather than between transformer  200  and the line side (first twisted pair wires  182 ). Thus, magnetics  132  is also referred to as reverse magnetics or reverse configured magnetics. 
     Transformer  200  includes a transformer having primary windings to secondary windings at a 1:1 ratio. Transformer  200  can include any of the following types of transformer, without limitation, wire coiled on ferrite cores, copper traces wrapped with a ferrite core, and/or the like. 
     Each of the remaining magnetics  134 ,  136 ,  138  and associated components is similar to magnetics  132  and associated components discussed above, except associated with respective second, third, and fourth twisted pair wires  184 ,  186 ,  188 . Unlike for magnetics  152 ,  154 , there are no bridge diodes (such as diodes  164 ,  166 ) associated with magnetics  132 ,  134 . The configuration of magnetics  132 ,  134 ,  136 ,  138  provides lightning protection. 
     Capacitors C 1  ( 204 ), C 2 , C 3 , and/or C 4  can be optional depending on the bias of the respective pair line, in some embodiments. 
       FIG.  3    illustrates at least a portion of a circuit showing details of magnetics  152 ,  154 ,  156 ,  158  in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Each of magnetics  152 ,  154 ,  156 ,  158  includes high current magnetics. Magnetics  152  includes a transformer  300  electrically coupled to a common mode choke  302 . Common mode choke  302  is configured to filter out or attenuate noise of the data signal. Common mode choke  302  is located on the PHY side or the side of the transformer  300  furthest from the line side (e.g., first twisted pair wires  182 ). Common mode choke  302  is located between the data side (to modem and antenna system  162 ) and transformer  300 , rather than between transformer  300  and the line side (first twisted pair wires  182 ). Thus, magnetics  152  is also referred to as reverse magnetics or reverse configured magnetics. 
     A DC voltage (e.g., 56 V) can be output from the center tap of transformer  300 . Transformer  300  can be a transformer having primary windings to secondary windings at a 1:1 ratio. Transformer  300  can include any of the following types of transformer, without limitation, wire coiled on ferrite cores, copper traces wrapped with a ferrite core, and/or the like. 
     Each of the remaining magnetics  154 ,  156 ,  158  and associated components is similar to magnetic  152  and associated components discussed above, except associated with respective second, third, and fourth twisted pair wires  184 ,  186 ,  188 . Magnetics  132 ,  134 ,  136 ,  138  and associated components are also similar to respective magnetics  152 ,  154 ,  156 ,  158 . Magnetics  132 ,  134 ,  136 ,  138  and associated components are mirrored or symmetrical about an imaginary plane into the page in  FIG.  1    with respect to magnetics  152 ,  154 ,  156 ,  158 . Capacitors C 5  ( 304 ), C 6 , C 7 , and/or C 8  can be optional depending on the bias of the respective pair line, in some embodiments. 
     In this manner, more than 100 W can be safely delivered to a load from an AC to DC power source. While conventional power over Ethernet is limited to 100 W due to regulatory requirements (e.g., Class 2 compliant power delivery). For delivering more than 100 W, different cabling requirement and/or circuit requirements are applicable. In the present disclosure, a total of more than 100 W is delivered by splitting the power into two individually current limited and protected circuits or lines from the source to the load (e.g., at least a portion of the circuit includes dual or parallel signal paths/lines). Such implementation permits the source to use lower power circuit (portions) that comply with the regulatory limit of 60 V DC and 100 W per circuit. 
       FIG.  4 A  is an example block diagram illustration of a communication node  400 A and associated component(s) included in a communication system in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. Communication node  400 A is similar to and performs similar functionality to communication node  100  shown in  FIG.  1   . Components with like identifiers in  FIG.  1    and  FIG.  4 A  correspond and perform similar functionality.  FIG.  4 A  illustrates an additional configuration for delivering DC power to the communication node  400 A as will be described in more detail below. 
     Communication node  400 A includes ground or terrestrial equipment configured to communicate with one or more other communication nodes included in the communication system. Communication node  400 A is powered by a direct current (DC) power source that is derived from an alternating current (AC) power source. Communication node  400 A is associated with a user desirous of transmitting and receiving information using the communication system. 
     Communication node  400 A is also referred to as a node, user terminal, user equipment, user transceiver, end terminal, and/or the like. In an embodiment, communication node  400 A can include a gateway, repeater, relay, base station, and/or other communications equipment included in the communication system. The communication system can include a wireless communication system, a satellite-based communication system, a terrestrial-based communication system, a non-geostationary (NGO) satellite communication system, a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication system, and/or the like. 
     In some embodiments, communication node  400 A is located on the ground (e.g., backyard), on a building (e.g., rooftop, baloney, side of the building), near the ground (e.g., deck), and/or any location suitable to maintain a line of sight (or at least a partial line of sight) with another communication node of the communication system. For example, without limitation, in a satellite communication system, the communication node  400 A can include ground equipment configured to communicate with one or more satellites of a satellite constellation orbiting Earth. 
     Communication node  400 A is electrically coupled to a power delivery device  402 A via an Ethernet cable  404 . Power delivery device  402 A can be located internal to a building, structure, or enclosure  406  while communication node  400 A is located internal, external, or partially external to building/structure/enclosure  406 . Power delivery device  402 A is also referred to as a power brick, power transformer, and/or the like. If at least a portion of the communication node  400 A is located outdoors, a first portion of the Ethernet cable  404  can be located inside building/structure/enclosure  406  and a second portion of the Ethernet cable  404  different from the first portion can be located outside of building/structure/enclosure  406 . Ethernet cable  404  is sufficiently shielded and weatherproofed so as to be able to withstand a variety of weather and/or external conditions. 
     Power delivery device  402 A is configured to draw voltage from an AC power supply  110 , convert the received voltage into a low DC voltage format suitable for transmitting to communication node  400 A, provide one or more circuit protection features to prevent damage to communication node  400 A, be responsive to power needs of communication node  100 , and/or the like. Power delivery device  102  includes at least three ports or external connection points—a first port to electrically couple to an AC power supply  110 ; a second port to wired or wirelessly communicate with a user device  103 , such as a user Ethernet port  112 ; and a third port comprising an Ethernet port to electrically couple to the Ethernet cable  104 . 
     AC power supply  110  includes an AC voltage supply or source provided in the building/structure/enclosure  406 . As an example, without limitation, AC power supply  110  includes an AC voltage wall outlet. Depending on the country or type of wall outlet, the AC voltage can range from 100 Volt (V) to 240 V AC. 
     User Ethernet port  112  is associated with wired or wireless communication with a user device  103 . For example, the user device  103  can include a laptop or computer having a wired connection with power delivery device  402 A via an Ethernet cable electrically coupled to the user Ethernet port  112 . Power delivery device  402 A serves as an intermediary or conduit for data communication between the user device  103  and communication node  400 A. Data from the user device  103  is provided to communication node  400 A via power delivery device  402 A and Ethernet cable  404 . Communication node  400 A, in turn, transmits the data to another communication node of the communication system. The returned data from the another communication node (or a different communication node) is propagated in reverse order to the user device  103 . As another example, the user device  103  can include a wireless router (e.g., Wifi router) and a user interfacing device such as a laptop, computer, smartphone, tablet, Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc. The wireless router has a wired connection with power delivery device  402 A, via user Ethernet port  112 , while the user interfacing device wirelessly communicates with the wireless router. In such a scheme, data from the user interfacing device is relayed to the wireless router, user Ethernet port  112 , power delivery device  402 A, Ethernet cable  404 , then to communication node  400 A. The returning data from another communication node is propagated in reverse order to the user interfacing device. 
     Power delivery device  402 A includes, but is not limited to, the user Ethernet port  112 ; an alternating current-direct current (AC-DC) converter  114 ; current limiters  116 ,  118 ,  120 ,  122 ; a power controller  124 ; surge protectors  126 ,  128 ,  130 ; magnetics  432 ,  434 ,  436 ,  438 , inductors  401 ,  403 ,  405 ,  407 , and DC isolation capacitors  417 ,  419 ,  421 ,  423 . AC-DC converter  114  is (electrically) disposed between AC power supply  110 , and each of current limiter  116 , current limiter  118 , current limiter  120 , and current limiter  122 . Power controller  124  electrically couples to each of current limiter  116 , current limiter  118 , current limiter  120 , and current limiter  122 . In some embodiments, power controller  124  electrically couples to AC-DC converter  114 . In some embodiments, power controller  124  can be included within AC-DC converter  114 . Surge protector  130  electrically couples to each of user Ethernet port  112 , magnetics  432 , magnetics  434 , magnetics  436 , and magnetics  438 . Surge protector  126  is electrically disposed between inductor  401  and current limiter  116 . Inductor  401  is electrically coupled to a first wire of twisted pair wires  482  of Ethernet cable  404 . DC isolation capacitor  417  is electrical disposed between the first wire of twisted pair wires  482  and magnetics  432 . Surge protector  128  is electrically disposed between inductor  403  and current limiter  118 . Inductor  403  is electrically coupled to a first wire of twisted pair wires  484  of Ethernet cable  404 . DC isolation capacitor  419  is electrical disposed between the first wire of twisted pair wires  484  and magnetics  434 . Current limiter  120  is electrically disposed between inductor  405  and AC-DC converter  114 . Inductor  405  is electrically coupled to a second wire of twisted pair wires  482  of Ethernet cable  404 . DC isolation capacitor  421  is electrical disposed between the second wire of twisted pair wires  482  and magnetics  432 . Current limiter  122  is electrically disposed between inductor  407  and AC-DC converter  114 . Inductor  407  is electrically coupled to a second wire of twisted pair wires  484  of Ethernet cable  404 . DC isolation capacitor  423  is electrical disposed between the second wire of twisted pair wires  484  and magnetics  434 . 
     Ethernet cable  404  is configured to simultaneously transport data and power from the power delivery device  402 A to the communication node  400 A, and can also transport data from the communication node  400 A to the power delivery device  402 A. Ethernet cable  404  includes a plurality of wires or electrical conductive lines, which in combination with communication node  400 A and power delivery device  402 A, define circuits as will be described in detail below. Because current flows in a loop in each of the defined circuits, voltage information associated with the communication node  400 A is provided, along with data, to power delivery device  402 A via Ethernet cable  404 , which can be used for various monitoring, control, and/or protection purposes. 
     Communication node  400 A includes, but is not limited to, magnetics  452 ,  454 ,  456 ,  458 ; surge protectors  160 ,  168 ; modem and antenna system  162 ; diodes  464 ,  466 , inductors  409 ,  411 ,  413 ,  415 , DC isolation capacitors  425 ,  427 ,  429 ,  431 , a power signature circuit  170 , and a board power converter  172 . DC isolation capacitors  425  and  427  are electrical disposed between Magnetics  452  and first and second wires, respectively, of twisted pair wires  482  of Ethernet cable  404 . DC isolation capacitors  429  and  431  are electrical disposed between magnetics  454  and first and second wires, respectively, of twisted pair wires  484  of Ethernet cable  404 . Magnetics  436  and  456  are electrically AC coupled to each other via twisted pair wires  486  of Ethernet cable  404 . Magnetics  438  and  458  are electrically AC coupled to each other via twisted pair wires  488  of Ethernet cable  404 . Surge protector  160  is electrically coupled to each of magnetics  452 ,  454 ,  456 ,  458 , and modem and antenna system  162 . Inductor  409  is electrically coupled between diode  464  and the first wire of twisted pair wires  482 , and diode  464 , in turn, is electrically coupled to surge protector  168 . Inductor  411  is electrically coupled between diode  466  and the first wire of twisted pair wires  484 , and diode  466 , in turn, is electrically coupled to surge protector  168 . Inductor  413  is electrically coupled to the second wire of twisted pair wires  482 . Inductor  415  is electrically coupled to the second wire of twisted pair wires  484 . Power signature circuit  170  electrically couples to inductors  413  and  415 . Power signature circuit  170  also electrically couples to surge protector  168 . The board power converter  172  is electrically disposed between the modem and antenna system  162  and the power signature circuit  170 . 
     AC-DC converter  114  is configured to draw voltage from AC power supply  110 . AC power supply  110  is configured to supply a voltage signal having a voltage between approximately 100 to 240 V AC, for example. AC-DC converter  114  is configured to draw less or equal to the maximum voltage available from AC power supply  110 . In some embodiments, AC-DC converter  114  is configured to convert the voltage received from AC power supply  110  to a voltage level less or equal to the maximum voltage level permitted per circuit under regulatory requirements. 
     In some embodiments, power delivery device  402 A can be a Class 2 compliant device, a NEC classification in the United States in which each output low voltage circuit is limited to a maximum of 100 Watt (W) if used with an AC to DC power supply or 60 V DC or lower voltage per circuit. Ethernet cable  404  also can be a Class 2 compliant device. Nevertheless, power delivery device  402 A via Ethernet cable  404  is capable of delivering a maximum of 60 V DC per circuit per Class 2 compliant requirement and safely limits each circuit to 100 W maximum while still delivering a total of greater than 100 W spread out across multiple circuits. Each circuit is current limited on the power delivery (via current limiters  116 ,  118 ) and power return side (via current limiters  120 ,  122 ), and the system provides diodes  464 ,  466  in communication node  400 A to safely limit each circuit to less than 100 W even during cable or device damage or faults. 
     The converted voltage outputted by AC-DC converter  114  can be 56 V DC, for example (e.g., a DC voltage less than or equal to 60 V). The converted voltage can be the input to each of current limiters  116  and  118 . Each of current limiter  116  (denoted as current limiter  1 ) and current limiter  118  (denoted as current limiter  2 ) is configured to limit the current associated with the converted voltage to a pre-set value, if necessary, before providing the converted voltage to respective surge protectors  126 ,  128 . Each of surge protectors  126 ,  128 , also referred to as a surge suppressor, is configured to suppress voltage spikes. If the inputted voltage level is above a threshold level, then the inputted voltage portion above the threshold is blocked or shorted to ground. This ensures that the voltage inputted to each of inductors  401 ,  403  is the same as the converted voltage outputted by AC-DC converter  114  or is limited to 60 V DC or less per Class 2 requirements. Such voltage inputted to each of inductors  401 ,  403  comprise the power or power signal to be delivered to communication node  100 . 
     In an embodiment, instead of AC-DC converter  114  providing a voltage signal at a desired voltage, current limiters  116 ,  118  and/or surge protectors  126 ,  128  are configured to transform the voltage signal outputted from AC-DC converter  114  into the desired voltage to each of the inductors  401 ,  403 . Each of current limiters  116 ,  118  can be configured to output a particular current associated with the desired voltage, based on control signals from power controller  124 . In some embodiments, power controller  124  can be included in and/or provide control signals (not shown) to the AC-DC converter  114 . Surge protectors  126 ,  128  can act as a final check of the desired voltage being provided to each of inductors  401 ,  403  for transmission to communication node  100 . 
     Surge protector  130  also includes a surge suppressor (not shown) configured to protect against voltage spikes. In the present disclosure, surge protector  130  is configured to protect against potential high voltages associated with the data signal received from the user device  103  via user Ethernet port  112 . 
     The Ethernet data signals are transmitted using twisted pair wires or lines. Power is delivered by applying a differential DC bias voltage across wires/lines of the twisted pair. The data transmission rides on top of the differential DC bias voltage applied to each wire/line of the twisted pair. Accordingly, the power delivery technique described with respect to  FIG.  4 A  is referred to as differential power delivery. The inductors  401 ,  403 ,  405 ,  407  apply the differential DC bias voltage to respective twisted pair wires. DC isolation capacitors  417 ,  419  isolate the magnetics  432  from the applied differential DC bias voltage. Similarly, DC isolation capacitors  421 ,  423  isolate the magnetics  434  from the applied differential DC bias voltage. Inductors  409 ,  411 ,  413 ,  415  are used to separate the differential DC bias voltage from respective twisted pair wires. DC isolation capacitors  425 ,  427 , isolate the magnetics  452  from the applied differential DC bias voltage. Similarly, DC isolation capacitors  429 ,  431  isolate the magnetics  454  from the applied differential DC bias voltage. In communication node  400 A, DC bias voltage separated or extracted by inductors  409 ,  411 ,  413 ,  415  are sent to board power converter  172  to power the communication node  400 A while the data signals are sent to modem and antenna system  162 . Data signals can be sent to user Ethernet port  112  from communication node  400 A to communicate between devices. 
     Each magnetics  432 ,  434 ,  436 ,  438 ,  452 ,  454 ,  456 ,  458  includes a transformer in series with a common mode choke. The transformer is configured to apply or remove the applied DC voltage while the common mode choke is configured to attenuate noise associated with the Ethernet data signals. Each of magnetics  432 ,  434 ,  436 ,  438 ,  452 ,  454 ,  456 ,  458  is also referred to as Ethernet magnetics. 
     Ethernet cable  404  includes at least four (electrically conductive) twisted pairs wires/lines  482 ,  484 ,  486 ,  488  electrically AC coupled to respective magnetics  432 ,  434 ,  436 ,  438  at one end and respective magnetics  452 ,  454 ,  456 ,  458  at the opposite end. A first AC signal path is thus defined by magnetics  432 , first twisted pair wires  482 , and magnetics  452 . A first transmission signal traverses the first AC signal path to be received by magnetics  452 . Simultaneously, first and second wires of the first twisted pair  482  act as portions of a signal path and return path, respectively, for a first DC power circuit. A second AC signal path is defined by magnetics  434 , second twisted pair wires  484 , and magnetics  454 . A second transmission signal traverses the second signal path to be received by magnetics  454 . Simultaneously, first and second wires of the second twisted pair  484  act as portions of a signal path and return path, respectively, for a second DC power circuit. A third AC signal path is defined by magnetics  456 , third twisted pair wires  486 , and magnetics  436 . A fourth AC signal path is defined by magnetics  458 , fourth twisted pair wires  488 , and magnetics  438 . First, second, third, and fourth signal paths are parallel to each other. In the illustrated configuration, the third and fourth twisted pair wires  486 ,  488  do not include a simultaneous DC signal path and return path for DC power circuits. However, it should be understood that additional DC power circuits can be provided on the third and/or fourth twisted pair wires  486 ,  488  in a similar fashion to the first and second DC power circuits described with respect to  FIG.  4 A . 
     Data contained in the first transmission signal received by magnetics  452  is carried on a signal having a certain voltage and provided as an input to surge protector  160 . Surge protector  160  is similar to surge protector  130  in that surge protector  160  is configured to suppress incoming voltage above a threshold. Surge protector  160  is configured to output the data to modem and antenna system  162  at a safe signal level. Data contained in the second transmission signal received by magnetics  454  is similarly processed, with its associated data inputted to surge protector  160 , data voltage level limited as necessary, and outputted to modem and antenna system  162 . 
     Modem and antenna system  162  is configured to process the data signals appropriate for transmission to another communication node of the communication system. Modem and antenna system  162  includes, but is not limited to, one or more modem, antenna, processor, transmitter, receiver, integrated circuit (IC) chips, transmission associated circuitry, receiving associated circuitry, and/or the like. 
     The power portion for the first DC power circuit at inductor  409  can be the input to diode  464 . Diode  464  is configured to isolate external cable or device faults or damage that can short multiple circuits together. This diode prevents current from flowing backwards and ensures that the total power on a single circuit does not exceed 100 W. Without diode  464 , current from the first DC power circuit can flow backwards onto a second circuit if the second circuit is inadvertently shorted in Ethernet cable  404 . The current limiters (e.g., current limiters  116 ,  118 ,  120 , and/or  122 ) can still each detect less than 100 W but one of the twisted pair lines can have a combined power above 100 W by drawing from a first circuit from power delivery device  402 A and a second circuit that comes from node  100 . With inclusion of diode  464 , a shorted circuit can only draw power from power delivery device  402 A and the current limiters properly limit the circuit even in a faulted condition. The output of diode  464  can be a voltage signal close to 56 V DC, a slightly lower voltage level than nominally injected to current limiter  116 . For example, the output of the diode  464  can be within 5% of the voltage level nominally injected to current limiter  116 . 
     The power portion of the second DC power circuit at inductor  411  includes the input to diode  466 . Diode  466  is similar to diode  464 . The output of diode  466  also includes a voltage signal slightly lower than 56 V DC. For example, the output of the diode  466  can be within 5% of the voltage level nominally injected to current limiter  118 . The voltage signals are combined together at the outputs of diodes  464 ,  466 , to a combined voltage signal still at slightly below 56 V (taking into account cable power losses and diode power losses) or approximately equal to (nominal) 56 V. Communication node  400 A can now draw power from two circuits simultaneously to use more than 100 W in total while the individual circuits in the Ethernet cable  404  are safely limited to less than 100 W. 
     The combined voltage signal is inputted to surge protector  168  to suppress any voltage in excess of a pre-set threshold value. Surge protector  168  is configured to clamp voltage surges at a level just below the safe operating limit of the downstream components (e.g., power signature circuit  170  and/or board power converter  172 ) to protect them against transients or faults. The voltage signal outputted by surge protector  168  is the input to power signature circuit  170 . 
     The combined approximately 56 V is provided to board power converter  172  to properly allocate and distribute power to various components included in node  400 A. For example, modem and antenna system  162  is powered by power received from board power converter  172 . Each subcomponent of modem and antenna system  162  can have different power requirements from each other and the power requirement for a given subcomponent can vary as a function of time (e.g., a subcomponent is enabled or disabled at different points in time). 
     Power signature circuit  170  and power controller  124  can apply the detection technique for determining if it is safe to apply 56 V as described above with respect to  FIG.  1    above. 
     A circuit forms a closed loop and accordingly, the start of the return signal path is defined by the board power converter  172  to power signature circuit  170 , and then toward inductors  411 ,  413 . The return or output voltage signal splits into each of inductors  411 ,  413  to be received by inductors  405 ,  407 , respectively, via second lines of twisted pair wires  482 ,  484 , respectively. Inductors  405 ,  407 , in turn, provide return voltages to respective current limiters  120 ,  122 . The outputs of current limiters  120 ,  122  are combined to be an input to AC-DC converter  114 . 
     The circuits formed by communication node  400 A, Ethernet cable  404 , and power delivery device  402 A have single and dual signal paths at different portions. At a first portion  490  of the circuits, starting with the AC-DC converter  114 , a single signal path is defined (e.g., a single voltage signal at 56 V DC outputted by AC-DC converter  114  to each of current limiters  116 ,  118 ). At a second portion  492  of the circuits, starting with current limiters  116 ,  118 , dual or parallel signal paths are defined. The two signal paths continue with inductors  401 ,  403  and to inductors  409 ,  411 , respectively. At a third portion  494  of the circuits, starting with the surge protector  168  to power signature circuit  170  to board power converter  172  and then back to power signature circuit  170 , a single signal path is defined. At a fourth portion  496  of the circuits, starting with inductors  413 ,  415 , through second wires of twisted pair wires  482 ,  482 , to inductors  405 ,  407 , and to current limiters  120 ,  122 , dual or parallel signal paths are defined. At a fifth portion  498  of the circuits, the outputs of current limiters  120 ,  122  are combined into a single signal path to AC-DC converter  114 . 
     In some embodiments, a first DC power circuit is defined from the output of current limiter  116  to diode  464  and the associated return path to power delivery device  402 A, which is a current path of a single circuit of less than 100 W. A second DC power circuit is defined from the output of current limiter  118  to diode  466  and the associated return path to power delivery device  402 A, which is a current path of another single circuit of less than 100 W. Thus, two circuits, each carrying less than 100 W, supplies a total of more than 100 W to communication node  100 . 
     Because total power to communication node  400 A is delivered on two signal paths/lines/circuits (via first wires of twisted pair wires  482 ,  484  of Ethernet cable  404 ) from power delivery device  402 A, more than 100 W can be safely delivered to the load (communication node  400 A) while staying in compliance with the maximum allowed power and DC voltage levels per delivery signal path/line/circuit. This means that the circuitry in communication node  400 A, power delivery device  402 A, or Ethernet cable  404  is not subject to higher regulatory requirements, such as regulatory requirements associated with power delivery greater than 100 W via a single power delivery path/line/circuit between source and load. 
     In some embodiments, up to two additional signal paths/lines/circuits utilizing differential power delivery can be provided over third and fourth twisted pair wires  486 ,  488  while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure. Addition of two additional can double the amount of power that can be safely delivered to the load (communication node  400 A) while staying in compliance with the maximum allowed power and DC voltage levels per delivery signal path/line/circuit. It should be understood from the present disclosure that the addition of additional signal paths/lines/circuits can require inclusion of additional inductors, current limiters, surge protectors, diodes, and/or the like. 
       FIG.  4 B  is another example block diagram illustration of a communication node  400 B and associated component(s) included in a communication system in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In particular,  FIG.  4 B  illustrates an additional wiring configuration for supplying a DC supply voltage to the communication node  400 B. Within the power delivery device  402 B, the inductors  403 ,  405  and their associated connections to surge protector  128 , current limiter  120 , and wires of the first and second twisted pair wires  482 ,  484  included in power delivery device  402 A of  FIG.  4 A  have been removed. Similarly, within the communication node  400 B, inductors  411 ,  413  and their associated connections to diode  466 , and power signature circuit  494  included in the communication node  400 A of  FIG.  4 A  have been removed. 
     Power delivery device  402 B includes inductors  471  and  473 . Surge protector  128  is electrically disposed between inductor  473  and current limiter  118 . Inductor  473  is electrically coupled to the second wire of twisted pair wires  482  of Ethernet cable  404 . Current limiter  120  is electrically disposed between inductor  471  and AC-DC converter  114 . Inductor  471  is electrically coupled to a second wire of twisted pair wires  482  of Ethernet cable  404 . 
     Communication node  400 B includes inductors  475  and  477 . Inductor  475  is electrically coupled to the second wire of twisted pair wires  482 , and diode  466 , in turn, is electrically coupled to surge protector  168 . Inductor  477  is electrically coupled to the first wire of twisted pair wires  484 . Power signature circuit  170  electrically couples to inductors  477  and  415 . 
     In the configuration of  FIG.  4 B , the first wire of twisted pair  482  and the first wire of the second twisted pair  484  can act as portions of a signal path and return path, respectively for a first DC power circuit. Similarly, the second wire of twisted pair  482  and the second wire of the twisted pair  484  can act as portions of a signal path and return path, respectively, for a second DC power circuit. 
     As should be understood from  FIGS.  4 A and  4 B , for twisted pair wires  482 ,  484 ,  486 , and  488  that are DC isolated relative to one another by isolation capacitors, different combinations of pairs of wires from among the DC isolated twisted pair wires  482 ,  484 ,  486 ,  488  can be used to form a signal path and a return path of a DC power circuit without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. 
     In some embodiments, prior to start of full power delivery as described above, a check is performed by load detection circuitry as to whether an appropriate communication node, such as communication node  400 , is present and properly connected to power delivery device  402 . The check describe above with respect to  FIG.  1    above can be equally applied to the differential DC power delivery described with respect to  FIG.  4 A  and  FIG.  4 B . 
     In some embodiments, the differential power delivery described with respect to  FIG.  4 A  and  FIG.  4 B  and common mode power delivery described with respect to  FIG.  1    can be used simultaneously. For example, a common mode power delivery circuit as described with respect to  FIG.  1    can be formed with a power delivery path (or signal path) on first twisted pair wires  182 / 482  and a return path on second twisted pair wires  184 / 484 . In the same example, two differential mode power delivery circuits as described with respect to  FIG.  4 A  and/or  FIG.  4 B  can be formed on third twisted pair wires  186 / 486  and fourth twisted pair wires  188 / 488 . The resulting configuration can be referred to as hybrid power delivery. The example configuration can result in a total of three signal paths/lines/circuits capable of delivering power from the power delivery device  102 / 402  to the communication node  100 / 400 . A hybrid configuration is not limited to utilizing first and second twisted pair wires  182 / 482 ,  184 / 484  for the common mode DC power circuit and third and fourth twisted pair wires  186 / 486 ,  188 / 488  for the differential mode DC power circuits. For example, a common mode DC power circuit could be formed on second and third twisted pair wires  184 / 484 ,  186 / 486  with differential mode DC power circuits formed on the remaining first and fourth pairs  182 / 482 ,  188 / 488 , or any other combination of pairs. In addition, not all available twisted pair wires need to be utilized for power delivery over multiple circuits, as illustrated in  FIG.  4 A  and  FIG.  4 B  where the third and fourth twisted pair wires  486 ,  488  do not include any DC power delivery circuitry. It should be understood from the present disclosure that the addition of additional signal paths/lines/circuits can require inclusion of additional inductors, current limiters, surge protectors, diodes, and/or the like. 
     Although the example block diagrams of  FIG.  4 A  and  FIG.  4 B  describe a DC supply voltage (e.g., 56V) generated by an AC-DC converter with an AC power supply  110  as an input, it should be understood that the DC supply voltage can also be generated by a DC-DC converter (not shown) included within the power delivery device  102  with a DC power supply (e.g., as an alternative to AC power supply  110 ) as an input without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In some implementations, the power delivery device  102  may not include a AC-DC converter or DC-DC converter, and the DC supply voltage can be provided to the power delivery device  102  from an external DC power supply. 
       FIG.  5    illustrates at least a portion of a circuit showing details of magnetics  432 ,  434 ,  436 ,  438  in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The portion of the circuit shown of  FIG.  5    is illustrated with the inductor configuration of inductors  401 ,  403 ,  405 ,  407  associated with power delivery device  402 A of  FIG.  4 A . It should be understood that the configuration of magnetics  432 ,  434 ,  436 ,  438  described below can be used with alternative configurations of inductors such as the inductors  401 ,  407 ,  471 ,  473  shown in  FIG.  4 B , or the like, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Each of magnetics  432 ,  434 ,  436 ,  438  includes high current magnetics. Magnetics  432  includes a transformer  500  electrically coupled to a common mode choke  502 . The center tap of the transformer  500  electrically couples to capacitor  433 , and then terminates to ground. Common mode choke  502  electrically couples to a capacitor  504 , and then terminates to ground. 
     Common mode choke  502  is configured to filter out or attenuate noise from the data signals. Common mode choke  502  is located on the physical (PHY) side or the side of the transformer  200  furthest from the line side (e.g., first twisted pair wires  482 ). Common mode choke  502  is located between the data side (from user Ethernet port  112 ) and transformer  500 , rather than between transformer  500  and the line side (first twisted pair wires  482 ). Thus, magnetics  432  is also referred to as reverse magnetics or reverse configured magnetics. 
     Transformer  500  includes a transformer having primary windings to secondary windings at a 1:1 ratio. Transformer  200  can include any of the following types of transformer, without limitation, wire coiled on ferrite cores, copper traces wrapped with a ferrite core, and/or the like. 
     Each of the remaining magnetics  434 ,  436 ,  438  and associated components is similar to magnetic  432  and associated components discussed above, except associated with respective second, third, and fourth twisted pair wires  484 ,  486 ,  488 . Unlike for magnetics  452 ,  454 , there are no bridge diodes (such as diodes  464 ,  466 ) associated with magnetics  432 ,  434 . The configuration of magnetics  432 ,  434 ,  436 ,  438  provides lightning protection. 
     Isolation capacitors  417 ,  419  isolate magnetics  432  from the differential DC voltage carried on first twisted pair wires  482 . Similarly, isolation capacitors  421 ,  423  isolate magnetics  434  from the differential DC voltage carried on second twisted pair wires  484 . Magnetics  436  and  438  are similarly isolated from DC voltages by isolation capacitors. The isolation capacitors (not labeled) coupled to magnetics  436  and  438  can prevent a DC current flowing through the third twisted pair wires  486  and the fourth twisted pair wires  488  of the Ethernet cable  404  due to a difference in DC voltage between ends of the Ethernet cable. For example, the isolation capacitors coupled to magnetics  436  and  438  can prevent a DC current flow when the Ethernet cable  404  is connected between buildings where building grounds are at different voltages. Because there is no DC current path from the twisted pair wires  482 ,  484 ,  486 ,  488 , the magnetics  432 ,  434 ,  436 ,  438  can optionally be operated in a standard configuration (e.g., with the common mode choke  502  located between the transformer and the line side) without incurring power loss from DC current flowing through the common mode chokes (e.g., choke  502  of magnetics  432 ) as discussed above with respect to  FIGS.  2  and  3   . In some cases, Ethernet magnetics that are not rated for high currents and/or have a relatively large DC resistance can be used with the differential DC power delivery technique because no DC current flows through the magnetics. 
     Capacitors C 1  ( 504 ), C 2 , C 3 , and/or C 4  can be optional depending on the bias of the respective pair line, in some embodiments. 
       FIG.  6    illustrates at least a portion of a circuit showing details of magnetics  452 ,  454 ,  456 ,  458  in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The portion of the circuit shown of  FIG.  6    is illustrated with the inductor configuration of inductors  409 ,  411 ,  413 ,  415  associated with power delivery device  402 A of  FIG.  4 A . It should be understood that the configuration of magnetics  452 ,  454 ,  456 ,  458  described below can be used with alternative configurations of inductors such as the inductors  409 ,  415 ,  475 ,  477  shown in  FIG.  4 B , or the like, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Each of magnetics  452 ,  454 ,  456 ,  458  can be high current magnetics. Magnetics  452  includes a transformer  600  electrically coupled to a common mode choke  602 . Common mode choke  602  is configured to filter out or attenuate noise of the data signal. Common mode choke  602  is located on the PHY side or the side of the transformer  600  furthest from the line side (e.g., first twisted pair wires  482 ). Common mode choke  602  is located between the data side (to modem and antenna system  162 ) and transformer  600 , rather than between transformer  600  and the line side (first twisted pair wires  482 ). Thus, magnetics  452  is also referred to as reverse magnetics or reverse configured magnetics. 
     Transformer  600  can be a transformer having primary windings to secondary windings at a 1:1 ratio. Transformer  600  can include any of the following types of transformer, without limitation, wire coiled on ferrite cores, copper traces wrapped with a ferrite core, and/or the like. 
     Each of the remaining magnetics  454 ,  456 ,  458  and associated components is similar to magnetics  452  and associated components discussed above, except associated with respective second, third, and fourth twisted pair wires  484 ,  486 ,  488 . Magnetics  432 ,  434 ,  436 ,  438  and associated components are also similar to respective magnetics  452 ,  454 ,  456 ,  458 . Magnetics  432 ,  434 ,  436 ,  438  and associated components are mirrored or symmetrical about an imaginary plane into the page in  FIG.  4    with respect to magnetics  452 ,  454 ,  456 ,  458 . Capacitors C 5  ( 604 ), C 6 , C 7 , and/or C 8  can be optional depending on the bias of the respective pair line, in some embodiments. 
     Isolation capacitors  425 ,  427  isolate magnetics  452  from the differential DC voltage carried on first twisted pair wires  482 . Similarly, isolation capacitors  429 ,  431  isolate magnetics  454  from the differential DC voltage carried on second twisted pair wires  484 . Magnetics  456  and  458  are similarly isolated from DC voltages by isolation capacitors. The isolation capacitors coupled to magnetics  456  and  458  (not labeled) can prevent a DC current flowing through the third twisted pair wires  486  and the fourth twisted pair wires  488  of the Ethernet cable  404  due to a difference in DC voltage between ends of the Ethernet cable. For example, the isolation capacitors coupled to magnetics  456  and  458  can prevent a DC current flow when the Ethernet cable  404  is connected between buildings where building grounds are at different voltages. Because there is no DC current path from the twisted pair wires  482 ,  484 ,  486 ,  488 , the magnetics  452 ,  454 ,  456 ,  458  can optionally be operated in a standard configuration (e.g., with the common mode choke  602  located between the transformer and the line side) without incurring power loss from DC current flowing through the common mode chokes (e.g., choke  602  of magnetics  452 ) as discussed above with respect to  FIGS.  2  and  3   . In some cases, Ethernet magnetics that are not rated for high currents and/or have a relatively large DC resistance can be used with the differential DC power delivery technique because no DC current flows through the magnetics. 
     The power over Ethernet schemes disclosed herein implement intelligent power delivery that ensures safe power delivery and proactive power shut off protocols for a variety of different operating conditions. One or more voltage loss optimizations are implemented. The number of diodes in the circuit is reduced to reduce voltage loss. In some embodiments, the Ethernet cable  104 / 404  can have a shorter length (e.g., maximum length of approximately 30-33 meter (m)) rather than upwards of 100 m. A conventional Ethernet cable may not be able to handle the total amount of power delivered by the power delivery device  102 / 402 . The reverse magnetics configuration of the present disclosure facilitates less loss in power delivery since the DC power does not flow through the common mode chokes included in the reverse magnetics. 
     Surge protection is also included, without limitation, on the Ethernet lines and on the power lines. This facilitates operation outdoors and near potential lightning strikes. Conventional power over Ethernet is incapable of surviving an indirect or nearby lightning strike, or the load and/or source surviving the harsh environment of the outdoors. 
       FIG.  7    illustrates a diagram showing an example wireless communication system  700  in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. System  700  includes a satellite-based communication system including a plurality of satellites orbiting Earth in, for example, a non-geostationary orbit (NGO) constellation. It is understood that system  700  can also comprise any of a variety of wireless or wired communication systems such as, but not limited to, a low earth orbiting (LEO) communication system, a non-earth based communication system, a ground-based communication system, a space-based communication system, and/or the like. 
     Of the plurality of satellites comprising the satellite constellation, at least three satellites of the plurality of satellites (e.g., satellites  702 ,  704 , and  706 ) are shown in  FIG.  7    for illustrative purposes. System  700  further includes ground or Earth based equipment configured to communicate with the plurality of satellites, such equipment including a plurality of user equipment and a plurality of gateways. User equipment  710 ,  712 ,  714 , and  716  of the plurality of user equipment are shown in  FIG.  7   . 
     Communication node  100  can include any of user equipment  710 ,  712 ,  714 , or  716 . Gateways  720 ,  722  of the plurality of gateways are also shown in  FIG.  7   . Each of the satellites, user equipment, and gateways within system  700  is also referred to as a node, system node, communication node, and/or the like. 
     Each user equipment of the plurality of user equipment is associated with a particular user. User equipment is configured to serve as a conduit between the particular user&#39;s device(s) and a satellite of the plurality of satellites which is in communication range of the user equipment, such that the particular user&#39;s device(s) can have access to a network  724  such as the Internet. Each user equipment is particularly positioned in proximity to the associated user&#39;s device(s). For example, user equipment  710 ,  712 , and  716  are located on the respective users&#39; building roof and user equipment  714  is located on a yard of the user&#39;s building. A variety of other locations are also contemplated for the user equipment. User equipment may also be referred to as user terminals, end use terminals, end terminals, user ground equipment, and/or the like. 
     At any given time, a communication link established between a particular satellite and a particular user equipment facilitates access to the network  724  by the user associated with the particular user equipment. One or more user devices (e.g., a smartphone, a tablet, a laptop, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, and/or the like) is in wireless communication with user equipment  710  via WiFi. If, for example, the user requests a web page via a user device, the user device relays the request to user equipment  710 . User equipment  710  can establish a communication link  730  to the satellite  702  and transmit the request. Satellite  702 , in response, establishes a communication link  732  with an accessible gateway  720  to relay the request. The gateway  720  has wired connections to the network  724 . The data associated with rendering the requested web page is returned in the reverse path, from the gateway  720 , communication link  732 , satellite  702 , communication link  730 , user equipment  710 , and to the originating user device. The requested web page is then rendered on the originating user device. 
     If satellite  702  moves out of position relative to user equipment  710  before the requested data can be provided to user equipment  710  (or otherwise becomes unavailable), then gateway  720  establishes a communication pathway  734 ,  736  with a different satellite, such as satellite  704 , to provide the requested data. 
     In some embodiments, one or more gateway of the plurality of gateways includes repeaters (not shown) that lack a wired connection to the network  724 . A repeater is configured to relay communications to and/or from a satellite that is a different satellite from the one that directly communicated with a user equipment or gateway. A repeater is configured to be part of the communication pathway between a user equipment and gateway. A repeater may be accessed in cases where a satellite does not have access to a gateway, and thus has to send its communication to another satellite that has access to a gateway via the repeater. Repeaters can be located terrestrially, on water (e.g., on ships or buoys), in airspace below satellite altitudes (e.g., on an airplane or balloon), and/or other Earth-based locations. Accordingly, the plurality of gateways may also be referred to as Earth-based network nodes, Earth-based communication nodes, and/or the like. 
     In some embodiments, one or more transmitter system and one or more receiver system are included in each user equipment, satellite, and gateway (and repeater) of system  700 . If a node includes more than one transmitter system, the respective transmitter systems may be the same or different from each other. More than one receiver system included in a node may similarly be the same or different from each other. 
     Examples of the devices, systems, and/or methods of various embodiments are provided below. An embodiment of the devices, systems, and/or methods can include any one or more, and any combination of, the examples described below. 
     Example 1 is an apparatus for power delivery over an Ethernet connection, the apparatus including a source device comprising a first current limiter and a second current limiter in parallel with each other and a first transformer and a second transformer, wherein: a direct current (DC) voltage is provided to each of the first and second current limiters; the first transformer is electrically coupled to an output of the first current limiter; and the second transformer is electrically coupled to an output of the second current limiter; a load device comprising a third transformer and a fourth transformer in parallel with each other; and an Ethernet cable electrically coupled between the source device and the load device, the Ethernet cable comprising first twisted pair lines and second twisted pair lines. The DC voltage is transmitted to the third transformer from the first transformer via the first twisted pair lines simultaneous with the DC voltage being transmitted to the fourth transformer from the second transformer via the second twisted pair lines. 
     Example 2 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes a first common mode choke, a second common mode choke, a third common mode choke, and a fourth common mode choke in series with respectively a first transformer, a second transformer, a third transformer, and a fourth transformer, wherein the first common mode choke is located on a side of the first transformer closer to a data line of the source device than the first twisted pair line, and the third common mode choke is located on a side of the third transformer closer to a data line of the load device than the first twisted pair line. 
     Example 3 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein the DC voltage is 56 Volt (V) DC, or less than or equal to 60 V DC. 
     Example 4 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein each of the source device, the load device, and the Ethernet cable is National Electric Code Class 2 compliant. 
     Example 5 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein a total power delivered by the source device to the load device is greater than 100 Watt (W). 
     Example 6 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein the source device further includes a fifth transformer and a sixth transformer and the load device further includes a seventh transformer and an eighth transformer, the fifth transformer and the seventh transformer including at least a portion of a first return signal path to the voltage source, the sixth transformer and the eight transformers including at least a portion of a second return signal path to the voltage source, and wherein the first return signal path and the second return signal path are parallel to each other. 
     Example 7 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein a power delivery circuit is included in the source and load devices, the power delivery circuit including the DC voltage, the first current limiter and the second current limiter, and the first, the second, the third, and the fourth transformer. Sequentially, a first portion of the power delivery circuit can include a single signal path, a second portion of the power delivery circuit includes dual signal paths, a third portion of the power delivery circuit includes a single signal path, a fourth portion of the power delivery circuit includes dual signal paths, a fifth portion of the power delivery circuit includes a single signal path, and the first portion of the power delivery circuit and the fifth portion of the power delivery circuit electrically couple with each other to form a closed loop. 
     Example 8 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein the dual signal paths include a parallel signal path. 
     Example 9 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein the source device includes a first surge protector electrically coupled between the first current limiter and the first transformer, a second surge protector electrically coupled between the second current limiter and the second transformer, and a third surge protector electrically coupled between a data line and each of the first transformer and the second transformer. 
     Example 10 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein one or more of the first surge protector, the second surge protector, or the third surge protector is configured to provide indirect lightning strike protection. 
     Example 11 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein: the load device includes a first surge protector and second surge protectors and a power converter, outputs of the third transformer and the fourth transformer are combined into a combined voltage, the combined voltage inputted to the first surge protector, and an output of the first surge protector is inputted to the power converter. The power converter can be configured to convert and distribute power to electrical components included in the load device. The second surge protector is electrically coupled between a data line of the load device and each of the third transformer and the fourth transformer. The combined voltage includes a second DC voltage slightly less than the DC voltage or approximately equal to the DC voltage. 
     Example 12 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein at least one or more of the electrical components includes a modem, a transmitter, a receiver, an antenna, or an antenna assembly. 
     Example 13 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein the load device includes a communication node of a communication system associated with a user. 
     Example 14 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein the load device is located outdoors, the source device is located indoors, and the Ethernet cable is partially located indoors and outdoors. 
     Example 15 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein the source device includes a third current limiter and a fourth current limiter included in a return signal path of a power delivery circuit of the source and load devices, and wherein one or more of the first current limiter, the second current limiter, the third current limiter, or the fourth current limiter is configured to detect a return voltage from the load device in response to a detection input voltage injected by the source device. 
     Example 16 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein a particular resistance is applied between the DC voltage and both the first current limiter and the second current limiter prior to injection of the detection input voltage. 
     Example 17 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein the return voltage at a first value is indicative of the load device being a compatible device and properly connected to the source device, wherein each of the first transformer and the second transformer transmits the DC voltage to the load device if the first value is detected, and wherein the particular resistance is removed prior to injection of the DC voltage to the power delivery circuit. 
     Example 18 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein if a return voltage from the load device, in response to injection of the DC voltage, is in excess of a pre-set value, then one or more of the first current limiter, the second current limiter, the third current limiter, or the fourth current limiter is configured to shut off power to the load device. 
     Example 19 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein if a return voltage from the load device, in response to injection of the DC voltage, is below a pre-set value, then one or more of the first current limiter, the second current limiter, the third current limiter, or the fourth current limiter is configured to shut off power to prevent damage to the Ethernet cable. 
     Example 20 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein the Ethernet cable has a maximum length of approximately 30-33 meter (m). 
     Example 21 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein the Ethernet cable has a length between 0.5 m and 100 m. 
     Example 22 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein the source device further comprises an alternating current-direct current (AC-DC) converter configured to output the DC voltage based on an input alternating current (AC) power source. 
     Example 23 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein the source device further comprises a DC-DC configured to output the DC voltage based on an input DC voltage. 
     Example 24 is a system including a source device comprising a first current limiter and a second current limiter in parallel with each other and a first transformer and a second transformer, wherein: a DC voltage is provided to each of the first current limiter and the second current limiter; the first transformer is electrically coupled to an output of the first current limiter; and the second transformer is electrically coupled to an output of the second current limiter. The system includes a load device including a third transformer and a fourth transformer in parallel with each other, wherein: the third transformer is configured to receive the DC voltage from the first transformer; the fourth transformer is configured to receive the DC voltage from the second transformer; and the DC voltage is selectively supplied to the load device based on a particular value of a second voltage detected by the source device in response to a first voltage supplied by the source device to the load device. 
     Example 25 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein the load device includes a power signature circuit, wherein the DC voltage from each of the third transformer and the fourth transformer is combined into a combined DC voltage that is inputted to the power signature circuit, and wherein the combined DC voltage exceeds a maximum power allowed for a regulatory device class to which the system is compliant. 
     Example 26 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein the DC voltage is 56 Volt (V) or less than or equal to 60 V, a total power associated with the combined DC voltage is greater than 100 Watt (W), and each of the source device and the load device is National Electric Code Class 2 compliant. 
     Example 27 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes an Ethernet cable electrically coupled between the source device and the load device, the Ethernet cable including first twisted pair lines and second twisted pair lines, wherein the DC voltage is transmitted to the third transformer from the first transformer via the first twisted pair lines simultaneous with the DC voltage transmitted to the fourth transformer from the second transformer via the second twisted pair lines. 
     Example 28 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein the source device includes a power controller electrically coupled to each of the first current limiter and the second current limiter and the load device includes a power signature circuit configured to receive a combination of the DC voltage from each of the third transformer and the fourth transformer. The power controller can be configured to control the first current limiter and the second current limiter to apply the first voltage at a high resistance to the load device, and wherein the power signature circuit is configured to return the second voltage to the source device in response to the first voltage, the second voltage indicative of whether to supply the DC voltage to the load device. 
     Example 29 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein if the second voltage and the first voltage have a same voltage value, the second voltage is indicative of an absence of the load device, an improperly connected load device, or an incompatible load device, and the power controller is configured to control the first current limiter and the second current limiter to prevent the DC voltage from being provided to the load device. 
     Example 30 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein if the second voltage is approximately a pre-set portion of the first voltage, the second voltage is indicative of the power signature circuit applying a resistance having a value equal to the high resistance applied by the first current limiter and second current limiter and the load device being a compatible device. The power controller is configured to control the first current limiter and the second current limiter to supply the DC voltage to the load device. 
     Example 31 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein if the second voltage is below a pre-set portion of the first voltage, the second voltage is indicative of an electrical short, and the power controller is configured to control the first current limiter and the second current limiter to prevent the DC voltage from being provided to the load device. 
     Example 32 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein the first current limiter, the first transformer, and the third transformer include at least a portion of a first circuit, and the second current limiter, the second transformer, and the fourth transformer include at least a portion of a second circuit different from the first circuit. 
     Example 33 is an apparatus for power delivery over an Ethernet connection, the apparatus including a source device including a first current limiter and a second current limiter in parallel with each other and a first inductor and a second inductor, wherein: a DC voltage is provided to each of the first current limiter and the second current limiter; the first inductor is electrically coupled between an output of the first current limiter and a first wire of a plurality of twisted pair wires; and the second inductor is electrically coupled between an output of the second current limiter and a second wire of the plurality of twisted pair wires; a load device including a third inductor coupled to the first wire of the plurality of twisted pair wires and a fourth inductor coupled to the second wire of the plurality of twisted pair wires; and an Ethernet cable electrically coupled between the source device and the load device, the Ethernet cable including the plurality of twisted pair wires, wherein the DC voltage is transmitted to the third inductor from the first inductor via the first wire of the plurality of twisted pair wires simultaneous with the DC voltage being transmitted to the fourth inductor from the second inductor via the second wire of the plurality of twisted pair wires. 
     Example 34 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein the first wire is included in a first twisted pair wires of the plurality of twisted pair wires and the second wire is included in a second twisted pair wires of the plurality of twisted pair wires. 
     Example 35 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein a total power delivered by the source device to the load device is greater than 100 Watt (W). 
     Example 36 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein the first wire and the second wire are included in a first twisted pair wires of the plurality of twisted pair wires. 
     Example 37 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein the DC voltage is 56 Volt (V) DC, or less than or equal to 60 V DC. 
     Example 38 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein the source device includes a third current limiter and a fourth current limiter included in a return signal path of a power delivery circuit of the source and load devices, and wherein one or more of the first current limiter, the second current limiter, the third current limiter, or the fourth current limiter is configured to detect a return voltage from the load device in response to a detection input voltage injected by the source device. 
     Example 39 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein a particular resistance is applied between the DC voltage and the first current limiter and the second current limiters prior to injection of the detection input voltage. 
     Example 40 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein the return voltage at a first value is indicative of the load device being a compatible device and properly connected to the source device, wherein the first inductor transmits the DC voltage to the load device if the first value is detected, and wherein the particular resistance is removed prior to injection of the DC voltage to the power delivery circuit. 
     Example 41 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein if a return voltage from the load device, in response to dual injection of the DC voltage, is in excess of a pre-set value, then one or more of the first current limiter, the second current limiter, the third current limiter, or the fourth current limiter is configured to shut off power to the load device. 
     Example 42 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein if a return voltage from the load device, in response to injection of the DC voltage, is below a pre-set value, then one or more of the first current limiter, the second current limiter, the third current limiter, or the fourth current limiter is configured to shut off power to prevent damage to the Ethernet cable. 
     Example 43 includes the subject matter of any one or more of the preceding Examples, and further includes wherein: the source device further includes a third current limiter in parallel with the first current limiter and the second current limiter, and a first transformer, the DC voltage is provided to the third current limiter and the transformer is electrically coupled to an output of the third current limiter; the load device further comprises a second transformer; and the Ethernet cable further includes third twisted pair wires of the plurality of twisted pair wires, wherein the DC voltage is transmitted to the second transformer from the first transformer via the third twisted pair wires simultaneous with the DC voltage being transmitted to the third inductor from the first inductor via the first wire of the plurality of twisted pair wires and the DC voltage being transmitted to the fourth inductor from the second inductor via the second wire of the plurality of twisted pair wires. 
     Although certain embodiments have been illustrated and described herein for purposes of description, a wide variety of alternate and/or equivalent embodiments or implementations calculated to achieve the same purposes may be substituted for the embodiments shown and described without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the embodiments discussed herein. Therefore, it is manifestly intended that embodiments described herein be limited only by the claims.