Patent Publication Number: US-8986138-B2

Title: Golf ball

Description:
This application claims priority on Patent Application No. 2008-201363 filed in JAPAN on Aug. 5, 2008, and Patent Application No. 2008-294033 filed in JAPAN on Nov. 18, 2008. The entire contents of the Japanese Patent Applications are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to golf balls. More particularly, the present invention relates to multi-piece golf balls having a center, a mid layer, an inner cover and an outer cover. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Golf players&#39; greatest demand for golf balls is flight performance. Golf players emphasize flight performance with a driver, a long iron and a middle iron. The flight performance is correlated with the resilience performance of the golf ball. When the golf ball excellent in resilience performance is hit, the golf ball flies at a fast speed to accomplish great flight distance. The flight performance is further correlated with spin rate. The golf ball flies at a small spin rate, thereby obtaining proper trajectory to accomplish great flight distance. In light of flight performance, golf balls which have high resilience performance and are not likely to be spun are desired. Golf players further emphasize feel at impact. Golf players prefer soft feel at impact. 
     Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 8-336617 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,688,569) discloses a golf ball having a core, an inner cover and an outer cover. This core has a two-layered structure. The outer cover is soft. 
     Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 9-56848 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,725,442) discloses a golf ball having a core, an inner cover and an outer cover. This core has a two-layered structure. The inner cover includes polyester as a principal component, while the outer cover includes an ionomer resin as a principal component. 
     Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 9-266959 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,743,816) discloses a golf ball having a core and a cover. This core has a three-layered structure. Each layer of the core is made of rubber composition. 
     Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2001-29510 (U.S. Pat. No. 6,461,251) discloses a golf ball having a core, a mid layer and a cover. This core includes an inner layer and an outer layer. The outer layer is hard. 
     Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2002-272880 (US2001/0024982) discloses a golf ball having a core and a cover. This core comprises a center and an outer core layer. The cover comprises an inner cover layer and an outer cover layer. The outer cover layer is soft. 
     Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-130072 (US2004/029648) discloses a golf ball having a core and a cover. This core comprises a center, a mid layer and an outer layer. The cover includes polyurethane elastomer as a principal component. 
     Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-152397 discloses a golf ball having a core, a mid layer and a cover. This core comprises an inner layer and an outer layer. The compression of a spherical body including the core and the mid layer is smaller than the compression of the inner layer. 
     Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2006-230661 discloses a golf ball having a core, a mid layer and a cover. This core has a two-layered structure. The core includes an inner layer and an outer layer. The inner layer is hard. 
     When a golf ball has an outer-hard/inner-soft structure, the spin may be suppressed. The conventional golf ball uses a soft center, a hard mid layer and a hard cover in order to attain an outer-hard/inner-soft structure. In this golf ball, the hardness distribution up to the central point of a center from the surface of a mid layer has a large level difference on the boundary of the center and the mid layer. This level difference deteriorates the suppression of spin. A soft center deteriorates the resilience performance. Further, a hard cover deteriorates feel at impact. 
     Golf players&#39; demand to the golf ball has been increasingly escalating. It is an object of the present invention to provide a golf ball having excellent flight performance and excellent feel at impact. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A golf ball according to the present invention includes a core, an inner cover positioned outside the cover and an outer cover positioned outside the inner cover. This core has a center and a mid layer positioned outside the center. The center has a diameter of 1 mm or greater and 15 mm or less. The center has a central point having a JIS-C hardness H 1  of 20 or greater and 50 or less. A difference (H 4 −H 3 ) between a JIS-C hardness H 4  of a surface of the core and a JIS-C hardness H 3  of an innermost part of the mid layer is equal to or greater than 10. A Shore D hardness H 5  of the inner cover is smaller than a Shore D hardness H 6  of the outer cover. 
     In this golf ball, the center having the central point having the small hardness H 1  and the outer cover having a greater hardness than the inner cover hardness accomplishes an outer-hard/inner-soft structure. In this golf ball, the diameter of the center is small and the hardness difference (H 4 −H 3 ) of the mid layer is large. Therefore, the level difference of the hardness on the boundary of the center and the mid layer is small. The conventional golf ball has an outer-hard/inner-soft structure having inferior continuity of hardness distribution. On the other hand, the golf ball according to the present invention has an outer-hard/inner-soft structure having excellent continuity of hardness distribution. In this golf ball, the spin is sufficiently suppressed. The center does not deteriorate resilience performance of the golf ball since the diameter of the center is small. The inner cover contributes to feel at impact of the golf ball since the hardness of the inner cover is small. This golf ball has excellent flight performance and excellent feel at impact. 
     Preferably, the hardness H 3  is equal to or greater than 45 and equal to or less than 75. Preferably, the hardness H 4  is equal to or greater than 65 and equal to or less than 90. 
     Preferably, a difference (H 2 −H 1 ) between a JIS-C hardness H 2  of a surface of the center and the hardness H 1  is equal to or greater than 1 and equal to or less than 15. Preferably, a difference (H 3 −H 2 ) between the hardness H 3  and the JIS-C hardness H 2  of the surface of the center is equal to or less than 35. Preferably, a difference (H 4 −H 1 ) between the hardness H 4  and the hardness H 1  is equal to or greater than 40. 
     The center may be formed by crosslinking a rubber composition. Preferably, a base rubber of the rubber composition contains polybutadiene as a principal component. The rubber composition contains sulfur as a crosslinking agent. 
     It is preferred that the amount of the sulfur contained in the rubber composition of the center is equal to or greater than 2.0 parts by weight and equal to or less than 10.0 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of base rubber. Preferably, the rubber composition contains 0.5 part by weight or greater and 7.0 parts by weigh or less of vulcanization accelerator per 100 parts by weight of rubber composition. Preferably, the rubber composition includes 5 parts by weight or greater and 30 parts by weight or less of silica per 100 parts by weight of rubber composition. 
     The mid layer may be formed by crosslinking of a rubber composition. Preferably, a base rubber of the rubber composition contains polybutadiene as a principal component. Preferably, the rubber composition contains 0.1 part by weight or greater and 1.5 parts by weight or less of organic sulfur compound per 100 parts by weight of the base rubber. 
     Preferably, the mid layer has a hardness distribution which increases gradually toward the surface from the innermost part thereof. The mid layer has a thickness of preferably equal to or greater than 10 mm and equal to or less than 20 mm. 
     Preferably, the inner cover is made of a thermoplastic resin composition and the outer cover is made of a thermoplastic resin composition. The inner cover has a thickness of preferably equal to or greater than 0.3 mm and equal to or less than 2.5 mm. The outer cover has a thickness of preferably equal to or greater than 0.3 mm and equal to or less than 3.0 mm. 
     Preferably, a difference (H 6 −H 5 ) between the hardness H 6  and the hardness H 5  is equal to or greater than 10. The hardness H 5  is preferably equal to or greater than 20 and equal to or less than 50. The hardness H 6  is preferably equal to or greater than 57. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a partially cutaway plan view of a golf ball according to an embodiment of the preset invention. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The present invention will be hereinafter described in detail with appropriate references to the accompanying drawing, according to preferred embodiments. 
     A golf ball  2  shown in  FIG. 1  has a spherical core  4 , an inner cover  6  positioned outside the core  4  and an outer cover  8  positioned outside the inner cover  6 . The core  4  has a spherical center  10  and a mid layer  12  positioned outside the center  10 . Numerous dimples  14  are formed on the surface of the outer cover  8 . Of the surface of the golf ball  2 , a part other than the dimples  14  is land  16 . This golf ball  2  has a paint layer and a mark layer on the external side of the outer cover  8 , although these layers are not shown in the FIGURE. 
     This golf ball  2  has a diameter of 40 mm or greater and 45 mm or less. From the standpoint of conformity to the rules defined by United States Golf Association (USGA), the diameter is preferably equal to or greater than 42.67 mm. In light of suppression of the air resistance, the diameter is preferably equal to or less than 44 mm, and more preferably equal to or less than 42.80 mm. This golf ball  2  has a weight of 40 g or greater and 50 g or less. In light of attainment of great inertia, the weight is preferably equal to or greater than 44 g, and more preferably equal to or greater than 45.00 g. From the standpoint of conformity to the rules defined by USGA, the weight is preferably equal to or less than 45.93 g. 
     The center  10  is obtained by crosslinking a rubber composition. Illustrative examples of preferable base rubber include polybutadienes, polyisoprenes, styrene-butadiene copolymers, ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers and natural rubbers. In light of resilience performance, polybutadienes are preferred. When other rubber is used in combination with polybutadiene, it is preferred that polybutadiene is included as a principal component. Specifically, it is preferred that the percentage of polybutadiene in the entire base rubber is equal to or greater than 50% by weight, and more preferably equal to or greater than 80% by weight. Preferably, polyurethanes have a percentage of cis-1,4 bonds of equal to or greater than 40%, and more preferably equal to or greater than 80%. 
     The rubber composition of the center  10  contains sulfur. This sulfur crosslinks rubber molecules mutually. The center  10  obtained by the sulfur crosslinking is soft. The center  10  accomplishes an outer-hard/inner-soft structure of the core  4 . The core  4  suppresses the spin. The core  4  contributes also to soft feel at impact. 
     In light of the resilience performance of the golf ball  2 , the amount of sulfur is preferably equal to or greater than 2.0 parts by weight, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 3.0 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the base rubber. In light of the soft of the center  10 , the amount of sulfur is preferably equal to or less than 10.0 parts by weight, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 6.5 parts by weight. 
     Preferably, the rubber composition of the center  10  contains a vulcanization accelerator. The vulcanization accelerator accomplishes the short crosslinking time of the center  10 . A guanidine vulcanization accelerator, a thiazole vulcanization accelerator, a sulfenamide vulcanization accelerator, an aldehyde ammonia vulcanization accelerator, a thiourea vulcanization accelerator, a thiuram vulcanization accelerator, a dithiocarbamate vulcanization accelerator, a xanthate vulcanization accelerator and the like may be used. The guanidine vulcanization accelerator, the thiazole vulcanization accelerator and the sulfenamide vulcanization accelerator are preferred. Two or more kinds of vulcanization accelerators may be used in combination. 
     Illustrative examples of the guanidine vulcanization accelerator include 1,3-diphenylguanidine, 1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine, 1-o-tolylbiguanide and di-o-tolylguanidine salt of dicatechol borate. Specific examples of 1,3-diphenylguanidine include trade names “NOCCELER D” and “NOCCELER D-P”, available from Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd.; and trade names “SOXINOL D”, “SOXINOL DG” and “SOXINOL DO”, available from Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. Specific examples of 1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine include trade name “NOCCELER DT”, available from Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd.; and trade names “SOXINOL DT” and “SOXINOL DT-O”, available from Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. Specific examples of 1-o-tolylbiguanide include trade name “NOCCELER BG”, available from Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. Specific examples of di-o-tolylguanidine salt of dicatechol borate include trade name “NOCCELER PR”, available from Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. 
     Illustrative examples of the thiazole vulcanization accelerator include 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, di-2-benzothiazolyl disulfide, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole zinc salt, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole cyclohexylamine salt, 2-(N,N-diethylthiocarbamoylthio)benzothiazole and 2-(4′-morpholinodithio)benzothiazole. Specific examples of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole include trade names “NOCCELER M” and “NOCCELER M-P”, available from Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. Specific examples of di-2-benzothiazolyl disulfide include trade names “NOCCELER DM” and “NOCCELER DM-P”, available from Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. Specific examples of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole zinc salt include trade name “NOCCELER MZ”, available from Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. Specific examples of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole cyclohexylamine salt include trade name “NOCCELER M-60-OT”, available from Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. Specific examples of 2-(N,N-diethylthiocarbamoylthio)benzothiazole include trade name “NOCCELER 64”, available from Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. Specific examples of 2-(4′-morpholinodithio)benzothiazole include trade names “NOCCELER MDB” and “NOCCELER MDB-P”, available from Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. 
     Illustrative examples of the sulfenamide vulcanization accelerator include N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide, N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide, N-oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide and N,N′-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide. Specific examples of N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide include trade names “NOCCELER CZ” and “NOCCELER CZ-G”, available from Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. Specific examples of N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide include trade names “NOCCELER NS” and “NOCCELER NS-P”, available from Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. Specific examples of N-oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide include trade name “NOCCELER MSA-G”, available from Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. Specific examples of N,N′-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide include trade names “NOCCELER DZ” and “NOCCELER DZ-G”, available from Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. 
     The amount of the vulcanization accelerator per 100 parts by weight of the base rubber is preferably equal to or greater than 0.5 parts by weight, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 2.0 parts by weight. The amount of the vulcanization accelerator is preferably equal to or less than 7.0 parts by weight, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 5.0 parts by weight. 
     Generally, a rubber composition of a center of a golf ball contains an organic peroxide. The organic peroxide contributes to the resilience performance of the golf ball. On the other hand, the organic peroxide increases the hardness of the center. The center  10  of the golf ball  2  according to the present invention does not contain the organic peroxide. The rubber composition provides the soft center  10 . 
     Preferably, a reinforcing material is blended into the center  10 . Preferable reinforcing material is silica (white carbon). Silica may accomplish the moderate rigidity of the center  10 . Dried silica and wet silica may be used. In light of the rigidity of the center  10 , the amount of silica per 100 parts by weight of the base rubber is preferably equal to or greater than 5 parts by weight, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 10 parts by weight. In light of the soft of the center  10 , the amount of silica is preferably equal to or less than 30 parts by weight, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 20 parts by weight. Together with silica, a silane coupling agent may be blended. 
     Into the center  10  may be blended a filler for the purpose of adjusting specific gravity and the like. Illustrative examples of suitable filler include zinc oxide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. Powder of a highly dense metal may be also blended as the filler. Specific examples of the highly dense metal include tungsten and molybdenum. The amount of the filler is determined ad libitum so that the intended specific gravity of the center  10  can be accomplished. Particularly preferable filler is zinc oxide. Zinc oxide serves not only to adjust the specific gravity but also as a crosslinking activator. 
     Various kinds of additives such as an anti-aging agent, a coloring agent, a plasticizer, a dispersant, co-crosslinking agent, an organic sulfur compound and the like may be blended in an adequate amount to the center  10  as needed. Into the center  10  may be also blended crosslinked rubber powder or synthetic resin powder. 
     In light of the durability, the central hardness H 1  of the center  10  is preferably equal to or greater than 20, more preferably equal to or greater than 25, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 30. In light of the suppression of the spin, the central hardness H 1  is preferably equal to or less than 50, more preferably equal to or less than 45, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 40. The central hardness H 1  is measured by pressing a JIS-C type hardness scale on a central point of a cutting surface of a hemispherical body obtained by cutting the center  10 . For the measurement, an automated rubber hardness tester (trade name “P1”, available from KOBUNSHI KEIKI CO., LTD.) which is equipped with this hardness scale is used. 
     The hardness of the center  10  increases gradually toward the surface from the central point. The surface hardness H 2  of the center  10  is larger than the central hardness H 1 . The larger surface hardness H 2  may accomplish the continuity of the hardness between the center  10  and the mid layer  12 . In this respect, the surface hardness H 2  of the center  10  is preferably equal to or greater than 25, more preferably equal to or greater than 30, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 35. In light of the feel at impact, the surface hardness H 2  is preferably equal to or less than 70, more preferably equal to or less than 60, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 50. The surface hardness H 2  is measured by pressing a JIS-C type hardness scale on the surface of the center  10 . For the measurement, an automated rubber hardness tester (trade name “P1”, available from KOBUNSHI KEIKI CO., LTD.) which is equipped with this hardness scale is used. 
     In light of feel at impact, a difference (H 2 −H 1 ) between the surface hardness H 2  and the central hardness H 1  is preferably equal to or greater than 1, more preferably equal to or greater than 3, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 5. In light of resilience performance, the difference (H 2 −H 1 ) is preferably equal to or less than 15, more preferably equal to or less than 10, and particularly equal to or less than 7. 
     In light of feel at impact, an amount D 1  of compressive deformation of the center  10  is preferably equal to or greater than 0.5 mm, more preferably equal to or greater than 1.0 mm, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 1.1 mm. In light of resilience performance, the amount D 1  of compressive deformation is preferably equal to or less than 2.5 mm, more preferably equal to or less than 2.3 mm, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 2.0 mm. 
     Upon measurement of the amount of compressive deformation, the spherical body is placed on a hard plate made of metal. A cylinder made of metal gradually descends toward the spherical body. The spherical body intervened between the bottom face of the cylinder and the hard plate is deformed. A migration distance of the cylinder, starting from the state in which initial load is applied to the spherical body up to the state in which final load is applied thereto, is the amount of compressive deformation. Upon measurement of the amount of compressive deformation of the center  10 , the initial load is 0.3N, and the final load is 29.4N. Upon measurements of an amount D 2  of the compressive deformation of the core  4 , an amount D 3  of the compressive deformation of the spherical body including the core  4  and the inner cover  6  and an amount D 4  of compressive deformation of the golf ball  2 , the initial load is 98N, and the final load is 1274N. 
     The diameter of the center  10  is smaller than a center of a general golf ball. The smaller center  10  may form the sufficiently thick mid layer  12 . This mid layer  12  may accomplish an outer-hard/inner-soft structure having excellent continuity of hardness distribution. The smaller center  10  suppresses the spin. The smaller center  10  does not deteriorate the resilience performance of the golf ball  2 , irrespective of being soft. In light of the continuity of hardness distribution and the resilience performance, the diameter of the center  10  is preferably equal to or less than 15 mm, more preferably equal to or less than 14 mm, and particularly preferably equal to or less 10 mm. In light of the center  10  capable of contributing to the suppression of the spin, the diameter of the center  10  is preferably equal to or greater than 2 mm, more preferably equal to or greater than 4 mm, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 5 mm. 
     The weight of the center  10  is preferably 0.05 g or greater and 3 g or less. The crosslinking temperature of the center  10  is usually 140° C. or greater and 180° C. or less. The crosslinking time of the center  10  is usually 5 minutes or longer and 60 minutes or less. The center  10  may have two or more layers. The center  10  may have a surface provided with a rib. 
     The mid layer  12  is formed by crosslinking a rubber composition. Illustrative examples of preferable base rubber include polybutadienes, polyisoprenes, styrene-butadiene copolymers, ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers and natural rubbers. In light of resilience performance, polybutadienes are preferred. When other rubber is used in combination with polybutadiene, it is preferred that polybutadiene is included as a principal component. Specifically, a proportion of polybutadiene in the entire base rubber is preferably equal to or greater than 50% by weight, and more preferably equal to or greater than 80% by weight. Preferably, polyurethane has a proportion of cis-1,4 bonds of equal to or greater than 40%, and more preferably equal to or greater than 80%. 
     For crosslinking of the mid layer  12 , a co-crosslinking agent is preferably used. Preferable examples of the co-crosslinking agent in light of the resilience performance include monovalent or bivalent metal salts of an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid having 2 to 8 carbon atoms. Specific examples of the preferable co-crosslinking agent include zinc acrylate, magnesium acrylate, zinc methacrylate and magnesium methacrylate. Zinc acrylate and zinc methacrylate are particularly preferred in light of the resilience performance. 
     As the co-crosslinking agent, an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and a metal oxide may be also blended. Both components react in the rubber composition to give a salt. This salt contributes to the crosslinking reaction. Examples of preferable α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid include acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Examples of preferable metal oxide include zinc oxide and magnesium oxide. 
     In light of the resilience performance of the golf ball  2 , the amount of the co-crosslinking agent is preferably equal to or greater than 10 parts by weight, and more preferably equal to or greater than 15 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the base rubber. In light of soft feel at impact, the amount of the co-crosslinking agent is preferably equal to or less than 50 parts by weight, and more preferably equal to or less than 45 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the base rubber. 
     Preferably, the rubber composition for use in the mid layer  12  includes the organic peroxide together with the co-crosslinking agent. The organic peroxide serves as a crosslinking initiator. The organic peroxide contributes to the resilience performance of the golf ball  2 . Examples of suitable organic peroxide include dicumyl peroxide, 1,1-bis(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane and di-t-butyl peroxide. In light of general versatility, dicumyl peroxide is preferred. 
     In light of the resilience performance of the golf ball  2 , the amount of the organic peroxide is preferably equal to or greater than 0.1 parts by weight, more preferably equal to or greater than 0.3 parts by weight, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 0.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the base rubber. In light of soft feel at impact, the amount of the blended organic peroxide is preferably equal to or less than 3.0 parts by weight, more preferably equal to or less than 2.8 parts by weight, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 2.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the base rubber. 
     Preferably, the rubber composition for use in the mid layer  12  includes an organic sulfur compound. Illustrative examples of preferable organic sulfur compound include mono-substituted forms such as diphenyl disulfide, bis(4-chlorophenyl)disulfide, bis(3-chlorophenyl)disulfide, bis(4-bromophenyl)disulfide, bis(3-bromophenyl)disulfide, bis(4-fluorophenyl)disulfide, bis(4-iodophenyl)disulfide and bis(4-cyanophenyl)disulfide; di-substituted forms such as bis(2,5-dichlorophenyl)disulfide, bis(3,5-dichlorophenyl)disulfide, bis(2,6-dichlorophenyl)disulfide, bis(2,5-dibromophenyl)disulfide, bis(3,5-dibromophenyl)disulfide, bis(2-chloro-5-bromophenyl)disulfide and bis(2-cyano-5-bromophenyl)disulfide; tri-substituted forms such as bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)disulfide and bis(2-cyano-4-chloro-6-bromophenyl)disulfide; tetra-substituted forms such as bis(2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenyl)disulfide; and penta-substituted forms such as bis(2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorophenyl)disulfide and bis(2,3,4,5,6-pentabromophenyl)disulfide. The organic sulfur compound contributes to the resilience performance. Particularly preferred organic sulfur compounds are diphenyl disulfide and bis(pentabromophenyl)disulfide. 
     In light of the resilience performance of the golf ball  2 , the amount of the blended organic sulfur compound is preferably equal to or greater than 0.1 parts by weight, and more preferably equal to or greater than 0.2 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the base rubber. In light of soft feel at impact, the amount of the blended organic sulfur compound is preferably equal to or less than 1.5 parts by weight, more preferably equal to or less than 1.0 parts by weight, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 0.8 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the base rubber. 
     Into the mid layer  12  may be blended a filler for the purpose of adjusting specific gravity and the like. Illustrative examples of suitable filler include zinc oxide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. Powder of a highly dense metal may be also blended as the filler. Specific examples of the highly dense metal include tungsten and molybdenum. The amount of the blended filler is determined ad libitum so that the intended specific gravity of the mid layer  12  can be accomplished. Particularly preferable filler is zinc oxide. Zinc oxide serves not only to adjust the specific gravity but also as a crosslinking activator. Various kinds of additives such as sulfur, an anti-aging agent, a coloring agent, a plasticizer, a dispersant and the like may be blended in an adequate amount to the mid layer  12  as needed. Into the mid layer  12  may be also blended crosslinked rubber powder or synthetic resin powder. 
     The mid layer  12  has a hardness gradually increasing to the surface (surface of the core  4 ) from the innermost part. The hardness H 3  of the innermost part is small, and the hardness H 4  of the surface is large. The small hardness H 3  may accomplish the continuity of the hardness between the center  10  and the mid layer  12 . The large hardness H 4  accomplishes the outer-hard/inner-soft structure of the core  4 . The mid layer  12  suppresses the spin sufficiently. 
     In light of the resilience performance, the hardness H 3  of the innermost part is preferably equal to or greater than 45, more preferably equal to or greater than 55, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 63. In light of the continuity of hardness distribution, the hardness H 3  of the innermost part is preferably equal to or less than 75, more preferably equal to or less than 70, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 67. The hardness H 3  is measured in a hemispherical body obtained by cutting the core  4 . The hardness H 3  is measured by pressing a JIS-C type hardness scale on the cutting surface of the hemispherical body. The hardness scale is pressed on an area surrounded by a first circle and a second circle. The first circle is a boundary between the center  10  and the mid layer  12 . The second circle, which is concentric to the first circle, has a radius larger by 1 mm than that of the first circle. For the measurement, an automated rubber hardness tester (trade name “P1”, available from KOBUNSHI KEIKI CO., LTD.) which is equipped with this hardness scale is used. 
     In light of the outer-hard/inner-soft structure being accomplished, the surface hardness H 4  of the core  4  is preferably equal to or greater than 65, more preferably equal to or greater than 75, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 81. In light of feel at impact, the hardness H 4  is preferably equal to or less than 90, and more preferably equal to or less than 85. The hardness H 4  is measured by pressing the JIS-C type hardness scale on the surface of the core  4 . For the measurement, an automated rubber hardness tester (trade name “P1”, available from KOBUNSHI KEIKI CO., LTD.) which is equipped with this hardness scale is used. 
     In light of suppression of the spin, the difference (H 4 −H 3 ) between the hardness H 4  of the surface of the core  4  and the hardness H 3  of the innermost part of the mid layer  12  is preferably equal to or greater than 10, more preferably equal to or greater than 13, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 14. In light of ease in manufacture, the difference (H 4 −H 3 ) is preferably equal to or less than 25, more preferably equal to or less than 20, and particularly equal to or less than 18. 
     In light of the larger difference (H 4 −H 3 ) capable of being accomplished, the thickness of the mid layer  12  is preferably equal to or greater than 10 mm, more preferably equal to or greater than 11 mm, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 12 mm. The thickness is preferably equal to or less than 20 mm. 
     The weight of the mid layer  12  is preferably 30 g or greater and 44 g or less. The crosslinking temperature of the mid layer  12  is usually 140° C. or greater and 180° C. or less. The crosslinking time of the mid layer  12  is usually 10 minutes or longer and 60 minutes or less. 
     In light of continuity of hardness distribution, a difference (H 3 −H 2 ) between the hardness H 3  of the innermost part of the mid layer  12  and the surface hardness H 2  of the center  10  is preferably equal to or less than 35 and more preferably equal to or less than 33. The difference (H 3 −H 2 ) may be zero. 
     In light of the suppression of the spin, a difference (H 4 −H 1 ) between the hardness H 4  of the surface of the core  4  and the central hardness H 1  of the center  10  is preferably equal to or greater than 40, more preferably equal to or greater than 43, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 46. In light of ease in manufacture, the difference (H 4 −H 1 ) is preferably equal to or less than 65, more preferably equal to or less than 60, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 51. 
     In light of feel at impact, the amount D 2  of compressive deformation of the core  4  is preferably equal to or greater than 2.3 mm, more preferably equal to or greater than 2.4 mm, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 2.5 mm. In light of resilience performance, the amount D 2  of compressive deformation is preferably equal to or less than 4.0 mm, more preferably equal to or less than 3.9 mm, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 3.8 mm. 
     In light of the resilience performance, the core  4  has a diameter of preferably equal to or greater than 28.0 mm, more preferably equal to or greater than 30.0 mm, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 32.0 mm. In light of durability of the golf ball  2 , the core  4  has a diameter of preferably equal to or less than 40.2 mm, more preferably equal to or less than 39.9 mm, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 39.6 mm. 
     As described above, this golf ball  2  has the inner cover  6  and the outer cover  8 . The inner cover  6  is soft, and the outer cover  8  is hard. This outer cover  8  accomplishes an outer-hard/inner-soft structure of the golf ball  2 . This golf ball  2  suppresses the spin. The outer cover  8  accomplishes further excellent resilience performance of the golf ball  2 . The inner cover  6  may absorb the shock at impact since it is soft. This inner cover  6  accomplishes soft feel at impact of the golf ball  2 , irrespective of the outer cover  8  being hard. 
     A resin composition is suitably used for the inner cover  6 . Illustrative examples of the base polymer of the resin composition include an ionomer resin, styrene block-containing thermoplastic elastomer, thermoplastic polyester elastomer, thermoplastic polyamide elastomer and thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer. 
     The ionomer resin is particularly preferred as the base polymer. The ionomer resin is highly elastic. The golf ball  2  having the ionomer resin used for the inner cover  6  is excellent in resilience performance. The ionomer resin and other resin may be used in combination. When they are used in combination, in light of resilience performance, a proportion of the ionomer resin in the entire base polymer is preferably equal to or greater than 30% by weight, more preferably equal to or greater than 40% by weight, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 45%. 
     Examples of preferred ionomer resin include binary copolymers formed with α-olefin and an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Preferable binary copolymer includes 80% by weight or greater and 90% by weight or less of α-olefine and 10% by weight or greater and 20% by weight or less of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid. This binary copolymer provides excellent resilience performance. Examples of preferable other ionomer resins include ternary copolymers formed with α-olefine, an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and an α,β-unsaturated carboxylate ester having 2 to 22 carbon atoms. Preferable ternary copolymer comprises 70% by weight or greater and 85% by weight or less of α-olefin, 5% by weight or greater 30% by weight or less of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid, and 1% by weight or greater and 25% by weight or less of α,β-unsaturated carboxylate ester. This ternary copolymer has excellent resilience performance. In the binary and ternary copolymers, preferable α-olefin is ethylene and propylene, and preferable α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid is acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Particularly preferred ionomer resin is a copolymer formed with ethylene, and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. 
     In the binary and ternary copolymers, a part of the carboxyl groups is neutralized with a metal ion. Illustrative examples of the metal ion for use in neutralization include sodium ion, potassium ion, lithium ion, zinc ion, calcium ion, magnesium ion, aluminum ion and neodymium ion. The neutralization may be carried out with two or more kinds of metal ions. Particularly suitable metal ion in light of the resilience performance and durability of the golf ball  2  is sodium ion, zinc ion, lithium ion and magnesium ion. 
     Specific examples of the ionomer resin include trade names “Himilan 1555”, “Himilan 1557”, “Himilan 1605”, “Himilan 1706”, “Himilan 1707”, “Himilan 1856”, “Himilan 1855”, “Himilan AM7311”, “Himilan AM7315”, “Himilan AM7317”, “Himilan AM7318”, “Himilan AM7329”, “Himilan MK7320” and “Himilan MK7329”, available from DuPont-MITSUI POLYCHEMICALS Co., Ltd.; trade names “Surlyn 6120”, “Surlyn 6910”, “Surlyn 7930”, “Surlyn 7940”, “Surlyn 8140”, “Surlyn 8150”, “Surlyn 8940”, “Surlyn 8945”, “Surlyn 9120”, “Surlyn 9150”, “Surlyn 9910”, “Surlyn 9945”, “Surlyn AD8546”, “HPF 1000” and “HPF 2000”, available from Du Pont Kabushiki Kaisha; and trade names “IOTEK 7010”, “IOTEK 7030”, “IOTEK 7510”, “IOTEK 7520”, “IOTEK 8000” and “IOTEK 8030”, available from EXXON Mobil Chemical Corporation. 
     Two or more kinds of the ionomer resins may be used in combination into the inner cover  6 . An ionomer resin neutralized with a monovalent metal ion, and an ionomer resin neutralized with a bivalent metal ion may be used in combination. 
     The preferable resin which may be used in combination with the ionomer resin is the styrene block-containing thermoplastic elastomer. This elastomer may contribute to feel at impact of the golf ball  2 . The elastomer does not deteriorate the resilience performance of the golf ball  2 . The elastomer includes a polystyrene block as a hard segment, and a soft segment. Typical soft segment is a diene block. Illustrative examples of a diene block compounds include butadiene, isoprene, 1,3-pentadiene and 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene. Butadiene and isoprene are preferred. Two or more compounds may be used in combination. 
     The styrene block-containing thermoplastic elastomer may include a styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS), a styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer (SIS), a styrene-isoprene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SIBS), a hydrogenated product of SBS, a hydrogenated product of SIS or a hydrogenated product of SIBS. Example of hydrogenated product of SBS is a styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS). Exemplary hydrogenated product of SIS is a styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene block copolymer (SEPS). Exemplary hydrogenated product of SIBS is a styrene-ethylene-ethylene-propylene-styrene block copolymer (SEEPS). 
     In light of the resilience performance of the golf ball  2 , the content percentage of the styrene component in the thermoplastic elastomer is preferably equal to or greater than 10% by weight, more preferably equal to or greater than 12% by weight, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 15% by weight. In light of the feel at impact of the golf ball  2 , the content percentage is preferably equal to or less than 50% by weight, more preferably equal to or less than 47% by weight, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 45% by weight. 
     In the present invention, the styrene block-containing thermoplastic elastomer includes an alloy of olefin with one or more selected from the group consisting of SBS, SIS, SIBS, SEBS, SEPS and SEEPS, and hydrogenated products thereof. The olefin component in this alloy is speculated to contribute to improvement of the compatibility with the ionomer resin. When this alloy is used, the resilience performance of the golf ball  2  is improved. Preferably, olefin having 2 to 10 carbon atoms is used. Illustrative examples of suitable olefin include ethylene, propylene, butene and pentene. Ethylene and propylene are particularly preferred. 
     Specific examples of the polymer alloy include trade names “Rabalon T3221C”, “Rabalon T3339C”, “Rabalon SJ4400N”, “Rabalon SJ5400N”, “Rabalon SJ6400N”, “Rabalon SJ7400N”, “Rabalon SJ8400N”, “Rabalon SJ9400N” and “Rabalon SR04”, available from Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation. Other specific examples of the styrene block-containing thermoplastic elastomer include a trade name “Epofriend A1010”, available from DAICEL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD.; and a trade name “Septon HG-252”, available from KURARAY CO., LTD. 
     When the ionomer resin and the styrene block-containing thermoplastic elastomer is used in combination into the inner cover  6 , the weight ratio of both is preferably equal to or greater than 30/70 and equal to or less than 95/5. The inner cover  6  having the ratio of equal to or greater than 30/70 contributes to the resilience performance of the golf ball  2 . In this light, the ratio is more preferably equal to or greater than 40/60, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 50/50. The inner cover  6  having the ratio of equal to or less than 95/5 contributes to feel at impact. In this light, the ratio is more preferably equal to or less than 80/20, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 70/30. 
     Into the inner cover  6  may be blended a coloring agent such as titanium dioxide, a filler such as barium sulfate, a dispersant, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorbent, a light stabilizer, a fluorescent agent, a fluorescent brightening agent and the like in an appropriate amount as needed. Known techniques such as injection molding and compression molding may be adopted for the formation of the inner cover  6 . 
     In light of the resilience performance, the hardness H 5  of the inner cover  6  is preferably equal to or greater than 20, more preferably equal to or greater than 25, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 30. In light of the feel at impact, the hardness H 5  is preferably equal to or less than 50, more preferably equal to or less than 45, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 40. 
     The hardness H 5  may be measured in accordance with a standard of “ASTM-D 2240-68” by using a D type shore spring hardness scale attached to an automated rubber hardness tester (trade name “P1”, available from KOBUNSHI KEIKI CO., LTD.). For the measurement, a slab formed by hot pressing to have a thickness of about 2 mm is used. Prior to the measurement, the slab is stored at a temperature of 23° C. for two weeks. When the measurement is carried out, three pieces of the slab are overlaid. In the measurement, a slab constituted with the same resin composition as that of the inner cover  6  is used. 
     In light of feel at impact, The inner cover  6  has the thickness of preferably equal to or greater than 0.3 mm, more preferably equal to or greater than 0.5 mm, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 0.7 mm. In light of the resilience performance, the thickness is preferably equal to or less than 2.5 mm, more preferably equal to or less than 2.0 mm, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 1.5 mm. 
     In light of feel at impact, the amount D  3  of compressive deformation of the spherical body including the core  4  and the inner cover  6  is preferably equal to or greater than 2.3 mm, more preferably equal to or greater than 2.4 mm, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 2.5 mm. In light of the resilience performance, the amount D 3  of compressive deformation is preferably equal to or less than 4.0 mm, more preferably equal to or less than 3.9 mm, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 3.8 mm. 
     A resin composition is suitably used of the outer cover  8 . Illustrative examples of the base polymer of the resin composition include an ionomer resin, styrene block-containing thermoplastic elastomer, thermoplastic polyester elastomer, thermoplastic polyamide elastomer and thermoplastic polyorephin elastomer. The ionomer resin is particularly preferred. The ionomer resin is highly elastic. The golf ball  2  having the ionomer resin used for the outer cover  8  is excellent in resilience performance. The ionomer resin as described above in connection with the inner cover  6  can be used for the outer cover  8 . 
     The ionomer resin and other resin may be used in combination. When they are used in combination, the ionomer resin is included as a principal component of the base polymer, in light of resilience performance. A proportion of the ionomer resin in the entire base polymer is preferably equal to or greater than 50% by weight, more preferably equal to or greater than 70% by weight, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 85% by weight. 
     The preferable resin which may be used in combination with the ionomer resin is the styrene block-containing thermoplastic elastomer. The styrene block-containing thermoplastic elastomer as described above in connection with the inner cover  6  can be used for the outer cover  8 . 
     When the ionomer resin and the styrene block-containing thermoplastic elastomer are used in combination into the outer cover  8 , the weight ratio of both is preferably 60/40 or greater. The outer cover  8  having the ratio of equal to or greater than 60/40 contributes to resilience performance of the golf ball  2 . In this light, the ratio is more preferably equal to or greater than 75/25, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 85/15. 
     Into the outer cover  8  may be blended with a coloring agent such as titanium dioxide, a filler such as barium sulfate, a dispersant, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorbent, a light stabilizer, a fluorescent agent, a fluorescent brightening agent and the like in an appropriate amount as needed. 
     The outer cover  8  has the hardness H 6  of preferably equal to or greater than 57. This outer cover  8  may accomplish an outer-hard/inner-soft structure of the golf ball  2 . The golf ball  2  may suppress the spin. The outer cover  8  accomplishes excellent resilience performance of the golf ball  2 . Owing to the suppression of the spin and the resilience performance, the golf ball  2  can accomplish great flight distance. In light of flight performance, the hardness H 6  is more preferably equal to or greater than 59, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 61. In light of feel at impact, the hardness H 6  is preferably equal to or less than 75, and more preferably equal to or less than 70. For a measurement of the hardness H 6 , the slab containing the same resin composition as that of the outer cover  8  is used. The measurement is carried out in a same manner to the hardness H 5  of the inner cover  6 . 
     Known techniques such as injection molding and compression molding may be adopted for the formation of the outer cover  8 . In molding the outer cover  8 , dimples  14  are formed by multiple pimples formed in a cavity surface of a mold. 
     A Shore D hardness H 5  of the inner cover  6  is smaller than a Shore D hardness H 6  of the outer cover  8 . This golf ball  2  can suppress the spin and accomplish excellent feel at impact. In these respect, the difference (H 6 −H 5 ) between the hardness H 6  and the hardness H 5  is preferably equal to or greater than 10, more preferably equal to or greater than 15, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 20. The difference (H 6 −H 5 ) is preferably equal to or less than 40. 
     In light of feel at impact, the amount D 4  of compressive deformation of the golf ball  2  is preferably equal to or greater than 2.0 mm, more preferably equal to or greater than 2.1 mm, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 2.2 mm. In light of resilience performance, the amount D 4  of compressive deformation is preferably equal to or less than 3.7 mm, more preferably equal to or less than 3.6 mm, and particularly preferably equal to or less than 3.5 mm. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Example 1 
     A rubber composition (a) was obtained by kneading 100 parts by weight of high-cis polybutadiene (trade name “BR-730”, available from JSR Corporation), 5 parts by weight of zinc oxide, an adequate amount of barium sulfate, 10 parts by weight of silica (trade name “Nipsil AQ”, available from TOSHO SILICA CORPORATION), 3.4 parts by weight of sulfur, 2.20 parts by weight of a vulcanization accelerator (aforementioned “NOCCELER CZ”), and 2.26 parts by weight of the other vulcanization accelerator (the aforementioned “SOXINOL DG”). This rubber composition (a) was placed into a mold having upper and lower mold halves, each of the halves having a hemispherical cavity, and heated at 150° C. for 5 minutes to obtain a center having a diameter of 5.0 mm. 
     A rubber composition (e) was obtained by kneading 100 parts by weight of high-cis polybutadiene (aforementioned “BR-730”), 37 parts by weight of zinc diacrylate, 5 parts by weight of zinc oxide, an adequate amount of barium sulfate, 0.5 parts by weight of diphenyl disulfide and 0.7 parts by weight of dicumyl peroxide (NOF Corporation.). A half shell was formed from this rubber composition (e). The center was covered with two half shells. The center and the half shells were placed into a mold having upper and lower mold halves, each of the halves having a hemispherical cavity, and heated at 170° C. for 20 minutes to obtain a core having a diameter of 38.2 mm. The amount of barium sulfate was adjusted so that the specific gravity of the mid layer corresponded to that of the center and the weight of the ball was made to be 45.6 g. 
     26 parts by weight of an ionomer resin (aforementioned “Surlyn 8945”), 26 parts by weight of other ionomer resin (aforementioned “Himilan 7329”), 48 parts by weight of a styrene block-containing thermoplastic elastomer (aforementioned “Rabalon T3221C”) and 3 parts by weight of titanium dioxide were kneaded in a twin screw kneading extruder to obtain a resin composition (f). A core was placed into a mold which includes upper and lower mold halves. The aforementioned resin composition (f) was injected around the core by injection molding to form an inner cover. The inner cover had a thickness of 1.0 mm. 
     58 parts by weight of an ionomer resin (aforementioned “Surlyn 8945”), 40 parts by weight of other ionomer resin (aforementioned “Himilan 7329”), 2 parts by weight of a styrene block-containing thermoplastic elastomer (aforementioned “Rabalon T3221C”) and 3 parts by weight of titanium dioxide were kneaded in a twin screw kneading extruder to obtain a resin composition (h). 
     A spherical body including an inner cover was placed into a final mold which includes upper and lower mold halves, each of the halves having a hemispherical cavity and which has a large number of pimples on its cavity face. The aforementioned resin composition (h) was injected around the sphere by injection molding to form an outer cover. The outer cover had a thickness of 1.3 mm. Numerous dimples having a shape inverted from the shape of the pimple were formed on the outer cover. A clear paint including a two-part liquid curable polyurethane as a base was applied around this outer cover to give a golf ball of Example 1 having a diameter of 42.8 mm and a weight of 45.6 g. 
     Examples 2 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 
     Golf balls of Examples 2 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were obtained in a similar manner to Example 1 except that specifications of the center, the mid layer, the inner cover and the outer cover were as listed in Tables 3 to 5 below. Details of the rubber composition of the center and the mid layer are presented in Table 1 below. Details of the resin composition of the inner cover and the outer cover are presented in Table 2 below. The golf ball according to Comparative Example 1 does not have the mid layer. 
     [Shot with Driver (W#1)] 
     A driver with a titanium head (trade name “XXIO”, available from SRI Sports Limited, shaft hardness: R, loft angle: 11.0°) was attached to a swing machine available from Golf Laboratory Co. The golf balls were hit under a condition to give the head speed of 40 m/sec, and distance from the launching point to the point where the ball stopped was measured. A ball speed and backspin rate immediately after the impact were also measured. Mean values of data obtained by the measurement of 12 times are shown in Tables 6 and 7 below. 
     [Shot with Iron Club (I#5)] 
     An iron club (#5) (trade name “XXIO”, available from SRI Sports Limited, shaft hardness: R) was attached to the swing machine described above. The golf balls were hit under a condition to give the head speed of 34 m/sec, and distance from the launching point to the point where the ball stopped was measured. A ball speed and back spin rate immediately after the impact were also measured. Mean values of data obtained by the measurement of 12 times are shown in Tables 6 and 7 below. 
     [Feel at Impact] 
     8 high-level golf players hit golf balls with drivers. The feel at impact was heard from the players. The evaluation was categorized as follows, based on the number of players who said “the shock was small, and the feel at impact was excellent”. 
     A: 8 or more 
     B: 4 to 7 
     C: less than 3 
     The results are shown in Tables 6 and 7 below. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Compositions of center and mid layer 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 (parts by weight) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 (a) 
                 (b) 
                 (c) 
                 (d) 
                 (e) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Polybutadiene 
                 100 
                 100 
                 100 
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 Zinc diacrylate 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 15 
                 37 
               
               
                 Zinc oxide 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
               
               
                 Barium sulfate 
                 Adequate 
                 Adequate 
                 Adequate 
                 Adequate 
                 Adequate 
               
               
                   
                 amount 
                 amount 
                 amount 
                 amount 
                 amount 
               
               
                 Silica 
                 10 
                 15 
                 20 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Diphenyl disulfide 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.5 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 Dicumyl peroxide 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.7 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 Sulfur 
                 3.4 
                 3.4 
                 3.4 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Vulcanization accelerator CZ 
                 2.20 
                 2.20 
                 2.20 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Vulcanization accelerator DG 
                 2.26 
                 2.26 
                 2.26 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Composition of inner and outer cover  
               
               
                 (parts by weight) 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 (f) 
                 (g) 
                 (h) 
                 (i) 
                 (j) 
                 (k) 
                 (l) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Surlyn 8945 
                 26 
                 54 
                 58 
                 45 
                 39 
                 35 
                 30 
               
               
                 Himilan AM 7329 
                 26 
                 40 
                 40 
                 40 
                 38 
                 34 
                 30 
               
               
                 Rabalon Y3221C 
                 48 
                 6 
                 2 
                 15 
                 23 
                 31 
                 40 
               
               
                 Titanium dioxide 
                 3 
                 3 
                 3 
                 3 
                 3 
                 3 
                 3 
               
               
                 Hardness (Shore D) 
                 35 
                 60 
                 63 
                 55 
                 50 
                 45 
                 40 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Specification of golf ball 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Example 1 
                 Example 2 
                 Example 3 
                 Example 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Center 
                 Composition 
                 (a) 
                 (b) 
                 (c) 
                 (c) 
               
               
                   
                 Diameter (mm) 
                 5 
                 7 
                 10 
                 9 
               
               
                   
                 Deformation D1 (mm) 
                 1.8 
                 1.5 
                 1.1 
                 1.2 
               
               
                   
                 Central hardness H1 (JIS C) 
                 30 
                 32 
                 35 
                 35 
               
               
                   
                 Surface hardness H2 (JIS C) 
                 35 
                 38 
                 42 
                 42 
               
               
                   
                 Crosslinking temperature (° C.) 
                 150 
                 150 
                 150 
                 150 
               
               
                   
                 Crosslinking time (min) 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
               
               
                 Mid 
                 Composition 
                 e 
                 e 
                 e 
                 e 
               
               
                 layer 
                 Thickness (mm) 
                 16.6 
                 15.8 
                 14.6 
                 15.0 
               
               
                   
                 Innermost hardness H3 (JIS C) 
                 63 
                 65 
                 67 
                 66 
               
               
                   
                 Crosslinking temperature (° C.) 
                 170 
                 170 
                 170 
                 170 
               
               
                   
                 Crosslinking time (min) 
                 20 
                 20 
                 20 
                 20 
               
               
                 Core 
                 Diameter (mm) 
                 38.2 
                 38.6 
                 39.2 
                 39.0 
               
               
                   
                 Deformation D2 (mm) 
                 2.88 
                 2.86 
                 2.84 
                 2.85 
               
               
                   
                 Surface hardness H4 (JIS C) 
                 81 
                 81 
                 81 
                 81 
               
               
                   
                 Difference H3 − H2 
                 33 
                 33 
                 32 
                 31 
               
               
                   
                 Difference H4 − H1 
                 51 
                 49 
                 46 
                 46 
               
               
                   
                 Difference H4 − H3 
                 18 
                 16 
                 14 
                 15 
               
               
                 Inner 
                 Composition 
                 f 
                 f 
                 f 
                 f 
               
               
                 cover 
                 Thickness (mm) 
                 1.0 
                 1.0 
                 1.0 
                 1.0 
               
               
                   
                 Hardness H5 (shore-D) 
                 35 
                 35 
                 35 
                 35 
               
               
                 Spherical 
                 Diameter (mm) 
                 40.2 
                 40.6 
                 41.2 
                 41.0 
               
               
                 body* 
                 Deformation D3 (mm) 
                 2.68 
                 2.66 
                 2.64 
                 2.65 
               
               
                 Outer 
                 Composition 
                 h 
                 h 
                 h 
                 h 
               
               
                 cover 
                 Thickness (mm) 
                 1.3 
                 1.1 
                 0.8 
                 0.9 
               
               
                   
                 Hardness H6 (shore-D) 
                 63 
                 63 
                 63 
                 63 
               
               
                 Golf 
                 Diameter (mm) 
                 42.8 
                 42.8 
                 42.8 
                 42.8 
               
               
                 ball 
                 Deformation D4 (mm) 
                 2.50 
                 2.50 
                 2.50 
                 2.50 
               
               
                   
                 Difference H6 − H5 
                 28 
                 28 
                 28 
                 28 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *Spherical body including an inner cover and an outer cover 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Specification of golf ball 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Example 5 
                 Example 6 
                 Example 7 
                 Example 8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Center 
                 Composition 
                 (a) 
                 (a) 
                 (a) 
                 (a) 
               
               
                   
                 Diameter (mm) 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 Deformation D1 (mm) 
                 1.8 
                 1.8 
                 1.8 
                 1.8 
               
               
                   
                 Central hardness H1 (JIS C) 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
               
               
                   
                 Surface hardness H2 (JIS C) 
                 35 
                 35 
                 35 
                 35 
               
               
                   
                 Crosslinking temperature (° C.) 
                 150 
                 150 
                 150 
                 150 
               
               
                   
                 Crosslinking time (min) 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
               
               
                 Mid 
                 Composition 
                 e 
                 e 
                 e 
                 e 
               
               
                 layer 
                 Thickness (mm) 
                 16.6 
                 16.6 
                 16.6 
                 16.6 
               
               
                   
                 Innermost hardness H3 (JIS C) 
                 63 
                 63 
                 63 
                 63 
               
               
                   
                 Crosslinking temperature (° C.) 
                 170 
                 170 
                 170 
                 170 
               
               
                   
                 Crosslinking time (min) 
                 20 
                 20 
                 20 
                 20 
               
               
                 Core 
                 Diameter (mm) 
                 38.2 
                 38.2 
                 38.2 
                 38.2 
               
               
                   
                 Deformation D2 (mm) 
                 2.88 
                 2.88 
                 2.88 
                 2.88 
               
               
                   
                 Surface hardness H4 (JIS C) 
                 81 
                 81 
                 81 
                 81 
               
               
                   
                 Difference H3 − H2 
                 33 
                 33 
                 33 
                 33 
               
               
                   
                 Difference H4 − H1 
                 51 
                 51 
                 51 
                 51 
               
               
                   
                 Difference H4 − H3 
                 18 
                 18 
                 18 
                 18 
               
               
                 Inner 
                 Composition 
                 i 
                 j 
                 k 
                 l 
               
               
                 cover 
                 Thickness (mm) 
                 1.0 
                 1.0 
                 1.0 
                 1.0 
               
               
                   
                 Hardness H5 (shore-D) 
                 55 
                 50 
                 45 
                 40 
               
               
                 Spherical 
                 Diameter (mm) 
                 40.2 
                 40.2 
                 40.2 
                 40.2 
               
               
                 body* 
                 Deformation D3 (mm) 
                 2.62 
                 2.64 
                 2.65 
                 2.67 
               
               
                 Outer 
                 Composition 
                 h 
                 h 
                 h 
                 h 
               
               
                 cover 
                 Thickness (mm) 
                 1.3 
                 1.3 
                 1.3 
                 1.3 
               
               
                   
                 Hardness H6 (shore-D) 
                 63 
                 63 
                 63 
                 63 
               
               
                 Golf 
                 Diameter (mm) 
                 42.8 
                 42.8 
                 42.8 
                 42.8 
               
               
                 ball 
                 Deformation D4 (mm) 
                 2.45 
                 2.46 
                 2.47 
                 2.48 
               
               
                   
                 Difference H6 − H5 
                 8 
                 13 
                 18 
                 23 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Specification of golf ball 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Compa. 
                 Compa. 
                 Compa. 
                 Compa. 
                 Compa. 
               
               
                   
                 Example 1 
                 Example 2 
                 Example 3 
                 Example 4 
                 Example 5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Center 
                 Composition 
                 (e) 
                 (d) 
                 (c) 
                 (a) 
                 (a) 
               
               
                   
                 Diameter (mm) 
                 38.2 
                 7 
                 20 
                 5 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 Deformation D1 (mm) 
                 — 
                 0.8 
                 0.6 
                 1.8 
                 1.8 
               
               
                   
                 Central hardness H1 (JIS C) 
                 62 
                 55 
                 35 
                 30 
                 30 
               
               
                   
                 Surface hardness H2 (JIS C) 
                 81 
                 61 
                 46 
                 35 
                 35 
               
               
                   
                 Crosslinking temperature (° C.) 
                 170 
                 150 
                 150 
                 150 
                 150 
               
               
                   
                 Crosslinking time (min) 
                 20 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
               
               
                 Mid 
                 Composition 
                 — 
                 e 
                 e 
                 e 
                 e 
               
               
                 layer 
                 Thickness (mm) 
                 — 
                 15.8 
                 9.6 
                 16.6 
                 16.6 
               
               
                   
                 Innermost hardness H3 (JIS C) 
                 — 
                 65 
                 72 
                 72 
                 63 
               
               
                   
                 Crosslinking temperature (° C.) 
                 — 
                 170 
                 170 
                 150 
                 170 
               
               
                   
                 Crosslinking time (min) 
                 — 
                 20 
                 20 
                 30 
                 20 
               
               
                 Core 
                 Diameter (mm) 
                 38.2 
                 38.6 
                 39.2 
                 38.2 
                 38.2 
               
               
                   
                 Deformation D2 (mm) 
                 2.88 
                 2.86 
                 2.84 
                 2.88 
                 2.88 
               
               
                   
                 Surface hardness H4 (JIS C) 
                 81 (H2) 
                 81 
                 81 
                 81 
                 81 
               
               
                   
                 Difference H3 − H2 
                 — 
                 10 
                 37 
                 42 
                 33 
               
               
                   
                 Difference H4 − H1 
                 19 
                 26 
                 46 
                 51 
                 51 
               
               
                   
                 Difference H4 − H3 
                 — 
                 16 
                 9 
                 9 
                 18 
               
               
                 Inner 
                 Composition 
                 f 
                 f 
                 f 
                 f 
                 g 
               
               
                 cover 
                 Thickness (mm) 
                 1.0 
                 1.0 
                 1.0 
                 1.0 
                 1.0 
               
               
                   
                 Hardness H5 (shore-D) 
                 35 
                 35 
                 35 
                 35 
                 60 
               
               
                 Spherical 
                 Diameter (mm) 
                 40.2 
                 40.6 
                 41.2 
                 40.2 
                 40.2 
               
               
                 body* 
                 Deformation D3 (mm) 
                 2.68 
                 2.66 
                 2.64 
                 2.68 
                 2.60 
               
               
                 Outer 
                 Composition 
                 h 
                 h 
                 h 
                 h 
                 i 
               
               
                 cover 
                 Thickness (mm) 
                 1.3 
                 1.1 
                 0.8 
                 1.3 
                 1.3 
               
               
                   
                 Hardness H6 (shore-D) 
                 63 
                 63 
                 63 
                 63 
                 55 
               
               
                 Golf 
                 Diameter (mm) 
                 42.8 
                 42.8 
                 42.8 
                 42.8 
                 42.8 
               
               
                 ball 
                 Deformation D4 (mm) 
                 2.50 
                 2.50 
                 2.50 
                 2.50 
                 2.50 
               
               
                   
                 Difference H6 − H5 
                 28 
                 28 
                 28 
                 28 
                 −5 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Results of evaluation 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Example 1 
                 Example 2 
                 Example 3 
                 Example 4 
                 Example 5 
                 Example 6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 W#1 
                 Initial speed (m/s) 
                 58.7 
                 58.7 
                 58.7 
                 58.7 
                 58.7 
                 58.7 
               
               
                   
                 Spin (rpm) 
                 2400 
                 2400 
                 2400 
                 2400 
                 2400 
                 2400 
               
               
                   
                 Flight distance (m) 
                 209.4 
                 209.4 
                 209.4 
                 209.4 
                 209.4 
                 209.4 
               
               
                 I#5 
                 Initial speed (m/s) 
                 49.2 
                 49.2 
                 49.2 
                 49.2 
                 49.2 
                 49.2 
               
               
                   
                 Spin (rpm) 
                 3750 
                 3700 
                 3650 
                 3700 
                 3650 
                 3700 
               
               
                   
                 Flight distance (m) 
                 155.4 
                 155.4 
                 155.9 
                 155.4 
                 155.9 
                 155.4 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Feel at impact 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 B 
                 A 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Results of evaluation 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Compa. 
                 Compa. 
                 Compa. 
                 Compa. 
                 Compa. 
               
               
                   
                 Example 7 
                 Example 8 
                 Example 1 
                 Example 2 
                 Example 3 
                 Example 4 
                 Example 5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 W#1 
                 Initial speed (m/s) 
                 58.7 
                 58.7 
                 58.8 
                 58.7 
                 58.5 
                 58.7 
                 58.7 
               
               
                   
                 Spin (rpm) 
                 2400 
                 2400 
                 2550 
                 2500 
                 2500 
                 2500 
                 2450 
               
               
                   
                 Flight distance (m) 
                 209.4 
                 209.4 
                 208.0 
                 207.6 
                 206.2 
                 207.6 
                 208.9 
               
               
                 I#5 
                 Initial speed (m/s) 
                 49.2 
                 49.2 
                 49.3 
                 49.2 
                 49.0 
                 49.2 
                 49.2 
               
               
                   
                 Spin (rpm) 
                 3700 
                 3750 
                 3950 
                 3900 
                 3850 
                 3850 
                 3800 
               
               
                   
                 Flight distance (m) 
                 155.4 
                 155.4 
                 154.1 
                 153.6 
                 152.7 
                 154.1 
                 155.0 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Feel at impact 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 C 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As shown in Tables 6 and 7, the golf ball of each Example is excellent in the flight performance and the feel at impact. Therefore, advantages of the present invention are clearly suggested by these results of evaluation. 
     The description hereinabove is merely for illustrative examples, and various modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention.