Patent Publication Number: US-2018049509-A1

Title: Braided shoe upper

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is related to and claims priority benefits from German Patent Application No. DE 10 2016 215 263.7, filed on Aug. 16, 2016, entitled UPPER FOR A SHOE (“the &#39;263.7 application”). The &#39;263.7 application is hereby incorporated herein in its entirety by this reference. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to an upper for a shoe. Moreover, the present invention relates to a shoe and to a method for manufacturing such an upper and such a shoe. 
     BACKGROUND 
     An upper for a shoe generally provides a number of functionalities. In addition to providing the enclosure for receiving the foot, an upper may stabilize foot movements, protect the foot against the environment and, in case of certain sport shoes, even provides a surface specifically adapted to the needs of the athlete. For example, a soccer shoe may provide an upper with improved friction properties during ball contact. 
     Most of the functionalities of the upper require a firm connection between the foot and the upper. To this end, the upper may be adjustable using laces, hook-and-loop fasteners or other devices which properly secure the shoe to the foot. Various uppers including laces or straps are known, for example from U.S. 2014/0196316 A1, U.S. Pat. No. 7,568,298 B2, U.S. Pat. No. 7,574,818 B2, U.S. Pat. No. 8,745,895 B2, U.S. 2004/0181972 A1, U.S. Pat. No. 6,052,921, U.S. 2006/01981164 A1, U.S. Pat. No. 5,291,671, U.S. Pat. No. 7,134,224 B2, U.S. Pat. No. 6,324,773 B1 and CN204207163. Furthermore, the company Nike offers a shoe named “Nike Fingertrap Max” with a woven system around the foot of a user. 
     However, the use of laces in shoe uppers has significant disadvantages: Laces may penetrate the skin, in particular if the laces are closed too tightly. Moreover, laces may also cause injuries during sports movements such as shooting in soccer when the foot strongly interacts with the ball. 
     A generally known option to avoid these injuries is to provide uppers without laces. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 3,931,685 discloses an elastic-topped athletic shoe for use by a football player wherein the lacing of a conventional shoe is replaced by an elastic panel integral with the shoe and forming the instep portion thereof, said panel being extended to connect integrally with a tubular elastic member encompassing and/or conforming to the ankle of the user, said elastic panel and tube serving to retain the shoe securely on the user&#39;s foot. 
     U.S. 2015/0007451 A1 discloses an article of footwear including a braided upper with a unitary braided structure covering all of the upper. The unitary braided structure of the braided upper may be engineered with specific features tailored to particular activities. Different regions of the upper may have different braided configurations. 
     However, the uppers of the prior art are neither lightweight nor adapted to provide an acceptable wearing comfort. Typically, the attachment of the upper is either firm but uncomfortable or comfortable but loose. In case of a soccer shoe this may lead to a lack of control of the foot movements, for example when playing with a ball. 
     Therefore, the underlying problem of the present invention is to at least partly overcome the above mentioned deficiencies. 
     SUMMARY 
     The terms “invention,” “the invention,” “this invention” and “the present invention” used in this patent are intended to refer broadly to all of the subject matter of this patent and the patent claims below. Statements containing these terms should be understood not to limit the subject matter described herein or to limit the meaning or scope of the patent claims below. Embodiments of the invention covered by this patent are defined by the claims below, not this summary. This summary is a high-level overview of various embodiments of the invention and introduces some of the concepts that are further described in the Detailed Description section below. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used in isolation to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter. The subject matter should be understood by reference to appropriate portions of the entire specification of this patent, any or all drawings and each claim. 
     According to certain embodiments of the present invention, a shoe upper without laces comprises: at least one braid portion adapted to be stretched in a longitudinal direction; at least one braid-free portion; and wherein stretching the at least one braid portion in the longitudinal direction provides an elastic restoring force. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one braid portion extends at least partly from a medial side to a lateral side of the shoe upper. 
     In certain embodiments, the at least one braid portion, when worn, extends along a region of the cuneiform bones of a foot. 
     The at least one braid portion, in some embodiments, conforms to a midfoot area of the shoe upper. 
     In certain embodiments, the shoe upper further comprises at least one braid portion in a toe area of the shoe upper. 
     The shoe upper, in certain embodiments, further comprising at least one braid portion in a heel area of the shoe upper. 
     In some embodiments, the shoe upper further comprises at least one channel surrounding at least partly the at least one braid portion. 
     According to certain embodiments of the present invention, a shoe upper comprises: at least one braid portion adapted to be stretched in a longitudinal direction; at least one channel surrounding at least partly the at least one braid portion; and wherein stretching the at least one braid portion in the longitudinal direction provides an elastic restoring force. 
     In certain embodiments, the at least one channel extends at least partly from a medial side to a lateral side of the shoe upper. 
     The at least one channel, in some embodiments, conforms to a midfoot area of the shoe upper. 
     In some embodiments, the shoe upper further comprises at least one channel and at least one braid portion in a toe area of the shoe upper. 
     The shoe upper, in some embodiments, further comprises at least one channel and at least one braid portion in a heel area of the shoe upper. 
     In certain embodiments, the at least one channel comprises a width of 12 mm to 30 mm. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one channel is arranged on an outer surface of the shoe upper. 
     The at least one channel, in some embodiments, is an integral portion of the shoe upper. 
     In certain embodiments, the at least one braid portion comprises a plurality of braid portions, the at least one channel comprises a plurality of channels, and each channel corresponds to one of the plurality of braid portions. 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of channels is formed by a plurality of layers in at least a part of the shoe upper. In certain embodiments, at least one layer comprises thermoplastic polyurethane, TPU. In some embodiments, at least one layer comprises a mesh. In certain embodiments, at least one layer comprises a neoprene material. 
     The at least one braid portion, in some embodiments, is formed as at least one strap. In certain embodiments, the at least one strap comprises a first synthetic yarn and a second synthetic yarn, wherein the first synthetic yarn has a different elasticity than the second synthetic yarn. In some embodiments, the second yarn extends axially along a direction of the strap. 
     In certain embodiments, the at least one braid portion is arranged in the shoe upper such that it is pre-stretched in the longitudinal direction. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one braid portion is adapted to provide different elasticities in different strain ranges. 
     The at least one braid portion, in some embodiments, is adapted to be stretched up to 20% of its initial length. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In the following detailed description, embodiments of the invention are described referring to the following figures: 
         FIG. 1A  is a perspective view of a braid portion, according to certain embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 1B  is a schematic view of a plurality of channels according to certain embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 1C  is a perspective view of the braid portion of  FIG. 1A  with a channel. 
         FIG. 1D  is a schematic cross section view of the braid portion of  FIG. 1A . 
         FIG. 1E  is a schematic cross section view of a braid portion, according to certain embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 1F  is a detail perspective view of a braid portion, according to certain embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a process flow diagram for exemplary method steps for sewing together an upper according to certain embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a stress-strain graph of an upper according to certain embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4A  shows side and top views of a shoe, according to certain embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4B  shows side and top views of a shoe, according to certain embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  shows a bottom view of a shoe, according to certain embodiments of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION 
     The above mentioned problem is at least partly solved by an upper without laces comprising (a.) at least one braid portion adapted to be stretched in a longitudinal direction; (b.) at least one braid-free portion; (c.) wherein stretching the at least one braid portion in the longitudinal direction provides an elastic restoring force. 
     Whereas in the prior art mentioned above an increased user&#39;s comfort of the foot within an upper without laces is provided by including the braid into the whole upper, the present invention is based on a different approach: Here, the upper includes at least one braid-free portion besides at least one braid portion. The inventors found out that such an arrangement provides a reduced weight but still a tight fit due to the at least one braid portion. The weight of an upper is an important factor as any weight will impair foot movements of a user. The inventors have noted that at least one carefully positioned braid portion is sufficient to firmly and comfortably attach the upper to a foot. Having at least one braid-free portion may also improve other properties of the shoe such as its ventilation properties. Again, this is particularly important for uppers for sport shoes. 
     The braid portions are stretched in a longitudinal direction when inserting the foot, wherein the stretching provides an elastic restoring force so that the braided portion is tightly arranged on the foot surface. In case of a foot movement inside the upper, the stretched braid portion may be additionally stretched in the same direction than the longitudinal stretching. This additional stretching in turn increases the elastic restoring force against the longitudinal stretching. As a result, the braid portion is capable to reliably attach the foot inside the upper. 
     Additionally or alternatively, the additional stretching may be in another direction than the longitudinal direction, e.g. perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. This is due to the friction on the surface of the foot. Thus, this additional stretching in turn may also increase the elastic restoring force as mentioned above. 
     The above described functionality may be provided by an upper which combines braid portions and braid-free portions. As a result, the invention combines an outstanding hold of the foot suitable even for extreme foot movements with the comfort provided by a regular, braid-free upper. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one braid portion extends at least partly from a medial side to a lateral side of the upper, in some embodiments, along a region of the cuneiform bones of a foot when the shoe is worn. In more specific embodiments, the at least one braid portion may encompass and/or conform to the midfoot area. The inventors have realized that these areas of the foot are of key importance to reliably attach the foot inside the upper. For example, if a user such as a soccer player is in a duel with another soccer player, the upper may provide sufficient stability due to the tight fit in the braided midfoot area of the upper. 
     In some embodiments, the upper further comprises at least one braid portion in the toe area of the upper. In more specific embodiments, the upper may comprise at least one braid portion in the heel area of the upper. 
     Such an arrangement of the braid portions may further increase the stability of the foot inside the upper, in particular, as the toe area and the heel of the foot represent important contact points for the movement of a user. The toe area is located at the furthest distance from the heel area, i.e. improving the stability in these two areas may be sufficient to avoid any slip of the foot inside a shoe without laces. 
     In some embodiments, the upper further comprises at least one channel surrounding at least partly the at least one braid portion. In more specific embodiments, the at least one channel comprises a width of 12 mm to 30 mm. In some embodiments, the width is 14 mm to 26 mm, while in other embodiments, the width is 19 mm to 24 mm. Providing channels for surrounding the braid portions may further support the above-described functionality, as the channels may provide an increased friction between the foot and the braid portion. Moreover, such channels may partly or fully hide the braid portion to the outside, which can therefore be designed as in a traditional shoe or be provided with specific properties of the upper surface. Furthermore, the braid portion may move freely inside such channels so that the braid portion may contract freely due to the elastic restoring force when stretched. Therefore, an increased stability of a foot inside the upper may be provided. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one channel is arranged on the outer surface of the upper. In other embodiments, the at least one channel may be incorporated and/or integrated into the upper. Such arrangements of the channels provide not only the above mentioned benefits of an increased stability during movements and reduced weight of the upper, but further provides better control of the foot movements. For example, by incorporating and/or integrating the at least one channel into the upper, the at least one braid portion is connected firmly with the upper and thus the loss of the energy transfer from the foot to the upper may be reduced. 
     In some embodiments, the upper comprises a plurality of channels for a plurality of braid portions. In more specific embodiments, the plurality of channels may be formed by a plurality of layers in at least a part of the upper. Moreover, at least one layer may comprise thermoplastic polyurethane, TPU. Furthermore, at least one layer may comprise a mesh. Moreover, at least one layer may comprise a neoprene material. 
     All of these embodiments follow the same idea of providing an increased stability for a foot during sports movements. The inventors have realized that the above described functionality may be further supported by placing a plurality of braid portions into a plurality of channels. The channels may be formed by molding a plurality of layers having different material properties. For example, a textile layer may be attached to a TPU layer having different elastic properties in order to provide a good compromise between stability and flexibility. Then, at least one mold may create a plurality of cavities into the attached layers and an additional layer, e.g. a mesh, may cover the plurality of cavities in order to form the plurality of channels. As a result, an upper may be provided with better control of the foot and acceptable wearing comfort during sports movements. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one braid portion is formed as at least one strap. In more specific embodiments, the at least one strap may comprise a first synthetic yarn and a second synthetic yarn, wherein the first synthetic yarn may have a different elasticity than the second synthetic yarn. Moreover, the second yarn may extend axially along a direction of the strap. The inventors have noted that such straps may increase the above mentioned functionality. Therefore, at least one strap formed from at least one braid portion may provide a good compromise between improved stability and elasticity of the upper for fitting closely and tightly to the foot. Moreover, by providing such straps having different combinations of synthetic yarns, a more adaptive fit of the upper to the foot may be achieved. Furthermore, the axial second yarn may provide different elasticities of the strap. For example, the elastic restoring force of the strap strongly increases in case of stretching the strap beyond the length of the axial second yarn. The number of the axial second yarn may also influences this effect. Alternatively, the length and the material properties of the axial second yarns may be chosen so that the strap cannot be stretched beyond a certain limit. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one braid portion is arranged in the upper such that it is pre-stretched in the first direction. This pre-stretching may further increase the above mentioned elastic restoring force against the longitudinal stretching. As a result, such embodiments are capable to provide increased stability for the foot inside the upper. Therefore, a user may select individually the stability of the upper corresponding to his needs before manufacturing. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one braid portion is adapted to provide different elasticities in different strain ranges. The inventors found out that such embodiments may provide an improved performance for the sports movements of an athlete such as a soccer player. For example, if the soccer player runs slowly during a game, less strain may occur and therefore the at least one braid portion may have a lower elasticity and thus the foot is subject to a reduced elastic restoring force of the braid. In case of foot movements during a duel with another soccer player and/or attacking, more strain may occur and therefore the at least one braid portion may have an increasingly higher elasticity which means that the braid provides a comparatively high elastic restoring force. As a result, a kind of lock-out effect of the braid is caused in order to provide more stability to the foot. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one braid portion is adapted to provide a resilience of essentially 100%. In this context, the term “resilience of essentially 100%” has to be understood as the ability of the braid portion to essentially return to its initial length and size when the force causing the deformation is removed. Essentially means up to a degree as relevant for shoe construction. Thus, such a braid portion may return back many times to its initial length after being stretched. Therefore, undesired wearing out of the braid portion and thus of the upper material may be avoided. Moreover, an undesired plastic deformation of the braid portion and thus of the upper material may be also avoided. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one braid portion is adapted to be stretched by up to 20% its initial length. In some embodiments, the at least one braid portion is adapted to be stretched by up to 10% and, in other embodiments, by up to 5%. For example, the braid portion may comprise a chosen second yarn extending axially as mentioned above, so that the braid portion cannot be stretched beyond a certain limit. Additionally or alternatively, the density of the braid material may be chosen to reach these stretching values. 
     According other aspects of the invention, an upper comprises (a.) at least one braid portion adapted to be stretched in a longitudinal direction; (b.) at least one channel surrounding at least partly the at least one braid portion; (c.) wherein stretching the at least one braid portion in the longitudinal direction provides an elastic restoring force. Such an upper may provide the possibility that the at least one braid portion may be covered in order to provide better friction on the surface of the upper. For example, if this upper is used for a soccer shoe, the user may not be impaired by the at least one braid portion when he contacts the ball. 
     Additionally or alternatively, an additional stretching may be in another direction than the longitudinal direction, e.g. perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. This is due to the friction on the surface of the foot. Thus, this additional stretching in turn may also increase the elastic restoring force as mentioned above. 
     In some embodiments, the at least one channel extends at least partly from a medial side to a lateral side of the upper. Moreover, the upper may comprise at least one channel and at least one braid portion in the toe area of the upper. Furthermore, the upper may comprise at least one channel and at least one braid portion in the heel area of the upper. 
     According to a further aspect, the present invention relates to a shoe comprising such an upper according to the invention. 
     In some embodiments, the shoe further comprises at least one braid portion in a last. 
     Moreover, the shoe may further comprise at least one braid portion in an insole. Such embodiments may provide increased stability to the foot inside the shoe and thus may also improve the performance of a user. Therefore, the above mentioned functionality of the at least one braid portion may be further improved. 
     According to a further aspect, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing such an upper or a shoe according to the invention. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The subject matter of embodiments of the present invention is described here with specificity to meet statutory requirements, but this description is not necessarily intended to limit the scope of the claims. The claimed subject matter may be embodied in other ways, may include different elements or steps, and may be used in conjunction with other existing or future technologies. This description should not be interpreted as implying any particular order or arrangement among or between various steps or elements except when the order of individual steps or arrangement of elements is explicitly described. 
     Certain embodiments and variations of the present invention are described in the following with particular reference to an upper and a soccer shoe. However, the concept of the present invention may identically or similarly be applied to any upper or sports shoe such as for basketball, American football, rugby, baseball, snowboard, running, athletics, or any leisure shoe such as sneakers, slippers, moccasins, etc. as well as sports apparel such as wearables. 
     Moreover, for brevity only a limited number of embodiments are described in the following. However, the skilled person will recognize that the specific features described with reference to these embodiments may be modified and combined differently and that certain aspects of the specific embodiments may also be omitted. Moreover, it is noted that the aspects described in the subsequent detailed description may be combined with aspects described in the above summary section. 
       FIGS. 1A-1F  present a braid portion  100  and channels  150  for surrounding the braid portion  100  according to the present invention. 
     A braid portion may be formed by intertwining at least one yarn. In the example shown in  FIG. 1A , a first synthetic yarn  110  may be intertwined and may form the braid portion  100  with an open structure. Moreover, the braid portion  100  may be formed as a strap  105 , wherein the strap  105  may further comprise a second synthetic yarn  120  besides the first synthetic yarn  110 . The first synthetic yarn  110  may comprise a different elasticity than the second synthetic yarn  120 . In certain embodiments, the first and the second synthetic yarn may comprise the same elasticity. 
     In the embodiments of  FIG. 1A , the first synthetic yarn  110  may be made from a plastic material such as polyester and/or the second synthetic yarn  120  may be made from a plastic material such as spandex, polyethylene or rubber. Such yarns are available from a plurality of manufactures. In some embodiments, other appropriate materials may be used, which are generally well-known to the skilled person. 
     In some embodiments, the braid portion may be formed by intertwining strands, filaments or other fibers. Moreover, braiding may be used to form three-dimensional structures such as straps, as in the examples shown in  FIGS. 1A and 1C . Furthermore, braided structures may be fabricated manually or may be manufactured using automated braiding machinery. 
     In the embodiments of  FIG. 1A , the second synthetic yarn  120  may extend axially along a direction of the strap  105 . This direction may be chosen as the first direction in which the braid portion  100  may be adapted to be stretched. Such an arrangement may increase the elastic restoring force of the braid portion  100  along the first direction and may therefore increase the above described functionality for the stability of an upper comprising at least one braid portion  100 . In some embodiments, the second synthetic yarn  120  may be replaced by two or more yarns or two or more twisted yarns. Such yarns may extend axially so that the overall elasticity of the strap  105  may be modified selectively. Depending on the foot shape of the user, the strap  105  may be adjusted to provide a better fit in contrast to mass produced shoes as known in the prior art. 
       FIG. 1B  presents a schematic view of a plurality of channels  150  for surrounding a plurality of braid portions such as the braid portion  100 . Here, the plurality of channels  150  may be formed by a plurality of layers. For example, the plurality of channels  150  may be provided in a sandwich structure. In this context, a first layer  150   a  and a second layer  150   b  may be attached in a pre-manufacturing step (not shown). The first layer  150   a  may comprise a textile material, e.g. a knit, and the second layer  150   b  may comprise a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The second layer  150   b  may be attached as an outer foil to a first surface of the first layer  150   a . In a first manufacturing step, a bonding material such as hot melt may be put on a second surface of the first layer  150   a  and male-female molds may be pressed together with the two layers. As a result, a plurality of cavities  160  may be created. For example, the male-female molds and the two layers may be pressed together by a hot press machine at a temperature of 130° C. with a weight of 50 kg for 60 seconds. In a second manufacturing step, a third layer  150   c  which may comprise a mesh may be attached on the second surface of the first layer  150   a  to close the plurality of cavities  160 , i.e. to form the plurality of channels  150 . 
     In some embodiments, the plurality of channels  150  may be formed with two layers comprising polyurethane (PU) and/or TPU, wherein the two layers may be pressed together in a heat pressing process. In other embodiments, the braid portion  100  may be stitched, e.g. zig-zag stitching, along the edges on top of a knitted mesh. In addition, this stitched braid portion may be either covered by a TPU layer and/or a PU layer by applying heat and pressure. Additionally or alternatively, no additional layer may be provided to the stitched braid portion. 
       FIG. 1C  presents the braid portion  100  as shown in  FIG. 1A  and one channel of the plurality of channels  150 . The channel  150  may be formed in the sandwich structure as explained above. The braid portion  100  may be inserted manually into the channel  150 . The channel  150  may comprise a width of 12 mm to 30 mm. In some embodiments, the width is 14 mm to 26 mm, and, in other embodiments, the width is 19 mm to 24 mm. Such dimensions of the channel  150  may provide a good compromise between improved stability and flexibility of an upper including the braid portion  100 . 
       FIG. 1D  presents a schematic view of a braid portion  100  in cross section. In this context, the braid portion  100  may be arranged on a first layer  150   a  which may comprise a textile material, e.g. a knit. Moreover, a second layer  152 , which may comprise TPU and/or PU, may be used as a protective layer on top of the braid portion  100 . The second layer  152  may be provided as a hotmelt or a TPU spray coating so that it may be provided as a flexible TPU layer (e.g. as available on the market from the company Sanfang) adapted to be stretched together with the underlying braid. Therefore, the braid portion may be movable freely and thus still stretchable in order to provide improved stability for the foot of a user as mentioned above. Additionally or alternatively, a plurality of further layers may be arranged on top of the second layer  152  and/or below the first layer  150   a  and/or between them. 
       FIG. 1E  presents a schematic view of alternative embodiments of a braid portion  100  in cross section. Here, the braid portion  100  may be arranged on the first layer  150   a  and the second layer  152  may be used as a protective layer on top of the braid portion  100  similar to  FIG. 1D . As may be seen schematically in  FIG. 1E , the cross-section area of the braid portion  100  may be provided with a regular shape such as a rectangular shape. Additionally or alternatively, one of a plurality of other geometric shapes, e.g. circular, triangular, etc., may be provided for the cross-section area of the braid portion  100 . In certain embodiments, there is an irregular cross-section area as shown in  FIG. 1D . Moreover, the braid portion  100  may be fixed between the two layers  150   a  and  153 . For example, the braid portion  100  may be stitched along the edges by seams  153  as explained below in more detail. 
     In certain embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 1F , at least one braid portion (not shown in  FIG. 1E ) such as the braid portion  100  may be zig-zag stitched along its edges on top of a knitted layer  150   a , e.g. a knitted mesh, such as the first layer with reference to  FIG. 1D . In some embodiments, any other suitable stitching technique may be used. Thus, the braid portion may be fixed at the edges onto the knitted layer  150   a  so that the middle area of the braid portion is not fixed. Additionally, a TPU layer such as the protective layer  152  with reference to  FIG. 1D  may be applied on top of the braid portion for protecting it against external influences. Additionally or alternatively, for stretching the braid portion, the knitted layer may also be stretchable so that it may be stretched at the same time as the braid portion. 
     In other embodiments, the at least one braid portion  100  may be directly incorporated and/or integrated into the upper material, e.g. into the knitted layer  150   a , during a manufacturing process such as a knitting process. Additionally or alternatively, such embodiments show that the middle area of the braid portion  100  may also be fixed to the knitted layer  150   a.    
       FIG. 2  presents a process flow diagram for exemplary method steps  200  for sewing together certain embodiments of an upper  235  without laces in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. The method steps  200  may be performed, for example, by a manufacturing system. 
     The method steps  200  may begin at step  210  by providing a vamp component  213  including three braid portions (inside the vamp component  213 ) as mentioned above. Moreover, the three braid portions may be surrounded by channels as mentioned in  FIG. 1C . Furthermore, the channels may be incorporated and/or integrated into the vamp component  213 . In step  210 , a collar component  216  and a heel component  219  may also be provided which may comprise braid-free portions. In certain embodiments, the step  210  may be controlled by a central computer unit (not shown in  FIG. 2 ) and/or may be set up and supervised by at least one human. 
     As a next step  220 , the three components  213 ,  216  and  219  may be joined together to form a two-dimensional upper  225 . For example, the collar component  216  and the heel component  219  may be sewn together. Moreover, the vamp component  213  may be sewn to the heel component  219  to form the two-dimensional upper  225 . In some embodiments, the components may be bonded together such as gluing, welding or applying heat energy. 
     At a final step  230 , the sewn together two-dimensional upper  225  may be applied on a last to form the three-dimensional finished upper  235  without laces. 
       FIG. 3  presents a diagram for the elasticity of possible embodiments of an upper without laces, e.g. the upper  235 , in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. The term “elasticity” as described in this application is defined as the slope of its stress-strain curve in the elastic deformation region. In other words, the strain being the force causing the deformation is proportional to the stress being the ratio of the change in some length parameter caused by the deformation to the original value of the length parameter. Therefore, the elasticity is the ratio of the stress and the strain. As may be seen in  FIG. 3 , the stress applied to the upper  235  was measured depending on the strain. As a result, the upper  235  may provide in a first strain range from 0% to 15% a first elasticity and in a second strain range from 15% to 25% a second elasticity which is higher than the first elasticity. Thus, the upper  235  may provide a transition of the elasticity. Therefore, an upper according to the invention used for a sports shoe such as a soccer shoe may provide a lower elasticity for the first strain range allowing the soccer player to put on the sports shoe with a slight stretch of the upper material to adapt the upper to the foot shape of the user. Moreover, the upper may provide a higher elasticity for the second range wherein the soccer player may have a duel with another soccer player and/or may perform attacking, i.e. performing high intensity movements with high loads on the upper. As explained above, such an upper may improve the performance of the soccer player. Furthermore, if the braid portions may be pre-stretched before sewing together to form the upper, the elasticity may reach even higher values. 
     In some embodiments, the upper  235  may comprise at least one braid portion which is adapted to provide a resilience of essentially 100%. For example, the upper  235  may comprise such a braid portion providing a resilience of essentially 100% in the forefoot area of the upper  235  so that the foot of a user may be hold securely after the user put on the upper  235 . 
       FIGS. 4A-4B  present possible embodiments of a soccer shoe  400  including an upper  410  without laces according to the present invention. 
     As may be seen in  FIG. 4A , the soccer shoe  400  is presented in a side view and in a top view. The soccer shoe  400  includes an upper  410  without laces. This upper  410  may comprise three braid portions  420  (not shown) and at least one braid-free portion  430  which may be arranged between the three braid portions  420  and in the rest of the upper  410 . Moreover, the three braid portions  420  may be adapted to be stretched in a longitudinal direction, wherein this longitudinal stretching may provide an elastic restoring force. Furthermore, additional stretching in the same direction than the longitudinal stretching may in turn increase the elastic restoring force against the longitudinal stretching so that the three braid portions  420  are capable to reliably attach the foot inside the upper  410 . This is the above described functionality for improved stability to a foot inside the upper  410 . The three braid portions  420  may extend from a medial side to a lateral side of the upper  410 . In some embodiments, the braid portions  420  may extend along a region of the cuneiform bones of a foot (when the shoe is worn). Moreover, the three braid portions  420  may encompass and/or conform to the midfoot area and may be surrounded by channels which may be incorporated and/or integrated into the upper  410 . The shapes of the three braid portions  420  may be seen on the outer surface of the upper  410 . Furthermore, the three braid portions  420  may extend substantially parallel. In some embodiments, each of the three braid portions  420  may extend separately in directions corresponding to certain parts of foot or muscles of the foot. As explained above, such arrangements of the three braid portions  420  may provide an increased stability of the foot inside the upper  410  of the soccer shoe  400  and may also provide control of the movements without the need of laces. Therefore, the upper  410  may avoid skin injuries, such as bruises. For example, the soccer shoe  400  may allow to better control sports equipment such as a soccer ball. Other types of sports shoes may benefit as well from such braid portions  420 , for example shoes for an American football player such as the kicker of the special team or a cyclist as the braid portion may provide acceptable wearing comfort. 
     In the embodiments of  FIG. 4A , the soccer shoe  400  may further comprise a stability element  440  which may be arranged in the heel portion of the upper  410 . Moreover, the stability element  440  may extend from a sole unit of the soccer shoe  400  to the upper  410 . Such an element may provide further stability as the heel part of a foot may be hold securely inside the upper  410 . For example, a soccer player may increase its performance with such a soccer shoe  400  providing more stability during sports movements such as acceleration, slowing down and lateral movements. 
       FIG. 4B  presents further embodiments. Here, the soccer shoe  400  comprises an upper  410  without laces comprising at least one braid portion  420  which may be surrounded by at least one channel (not shown) as explained above. Moreover, the at least one channel may be incorporated and/or integrated into the upper  410 . In contrast to  FIG. 4A , the shapes of the at least one braid portion  420  cannot be seen on the outer surface of the upper  410 . Furthermore, the soccer shoe  400  also may comprise at least one braid-free portion. The possibility that these embodiments may provide a smoother outer surface may further increase the performance of a user. For example, a soccer player may control better a ball and therefore may interact better with the ball such as barefoot playing. Furthermore, the soccer shoe  400  may also comprise a stability element  440  which may be arranged in the heel portion of the upper  410 . In some embodiments, the upper  410  as shown in  FIGS. 4A and 4B  may further comprise at least one braid portion in the toe area of the upper  410 . Additionally or alternatively, the upper  410  may comprise at least one braid portion in the heel area of the upper  410 . Moreover, the at least one braid portion may extend from the midfoot area of the upper  410  into a last and/or an insole of the soccer shoe  400  may encompass and/or conform to entirely the whole midfoot. 
       FIG. 5  presents a bottom view of possible embodiments of a soccer shoe  500  according to other aspects of the present invention. The soccer shoe  500  may comprise an upper  510  and three braid portions  520 . Moreover, the soccer shoe  500  may comprise a sole  530  which may be manufactured from a transparent material. As may be seen in  FIG. 5 , the three braid portions  520  may extend from the medial side of the upper  510  through the last of the soccer shoe  500  to the lateral side of the upper  510 . Additionally or alternatively, the soccer shoe  500  may comprise the three braid portions  520  in the insole. Thus, the three braid portions  520  may encompass entirely and/or conform to the whole midfoot. Such an arrangement of the three braid portions  410  may provide the maximal possible stability for the energy transfer from the midfoot of a soccer player to the ground. 
     In the following, further examples are described to facilitate the understanding of the invention: 
     An upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) without laces comprising:
         at least one braid portion ( 100 ;  420 ;  520 ) adapted to be stretched in a longitudinal direction;   at least one braid-free portion ( 430 );   wherein stretching the at least one braid portion ( 100 ;  420 ;  520 ) in the longitudinal direction provides an elastic restoring force.       

     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to the preceding Example 1, wherein the at least one braid ( 100 ;  420 ;  520 ) portion extends at least partly from a medial side to a lateral side of the upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ), in some embodiments, along a region of the cuneiform bones of a foot. 
     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to one of the preceding Examples 1 or 2, wherein the at least one braid portion ( 100 ;  420 ;  520 ) encompasses and/or conforms to the midfoot area. 
     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to one of the preceding Examples 1-3, further comprising at least one braid portion in the toe area of the upper. 
     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to one of the preceding Examples 1-4, further comprising at least one braid portion in the heel area of the upper. 
     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to one of the preceding Examples 1-5, further comprising at least one channel ( 150 ) surrounding at least partly the at least one braid portion ( 100 ;  420 ;  520 ). 
     An upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) comprising:
         at least one braid portion ( 100 ;  420 ;  520 ) adapted to be stretched in a longitudinal direction;   at least one channel ( 150 ) surrounding at least partly the at least one braid portion ( 100 ;  420 ;  520 );   wherein stretching the at least one braid portion ( 100 ;  420 ;  520 ) in the longitudinal direction provides an elastic restoring force.       

     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to the preceding Examples 7, wherein the at least one channel ( 150 ) extends at least partly from a medial side to a lateral side of the upper. 
     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to one of the preceding Examples 7 or 8, wherein the at least one channel ( 150 ) encompasses and/or conforms to the midfoot area. 
     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to one of the preceding Examples 7-9, further comprising at least one channel and at least one braid portion in the toe area of the upper. 
     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to one of the preceding Examples 7-10, further comprising at least one channel and at least one braid portion in the heel area of the upper. 
     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to one of the preceding Examples 6 or 7-11, wherein the at least one channel ( 150 ) comprises a width of 12 mm to 30 mm, in some embodiments, a width of 14 mm to 26 mm, and, in other embodiments, a width of 19 mm to 24 mm. 
     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to one of the preceding Examples 6 or 7-12, wherein the at least one channel ( 150 ) is arranged on the outer surface of the upper. 
     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to one of the preceding Examples 6 or 7-13, wherein the at least one channel ( 150 ) is incorporated and/or integrated into the upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ). 
     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to the one of the preceding Examples 7-14, comprising a plurality of channels ( 150 ) for a plurality of braid portions ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ). 
     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to the preceding Example 15, wherein the plurality of channels ( 150 ) is formed by a plurality of layers in at least a part of the upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ). 
     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to the preceding Example 16, wherein at least one layer ( 150   a ) comprises thermoplastic polyurethane, TPU. 
     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to one of the preceding Examples 16 or 17, wherein at least one layer ( 150   b ) comprises a mesh. 
     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to one of the preceding Examples 16-18, wherein at least one layer comprises a neoprene material. 
     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to one of the preceding Examples 1-6 or 7-19, wherein the at least one braid portion ( 100 ;  420 ;  520 ) is formed as at least one strap ( 105 ). 
     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to the preceding Example 20, wherein the at least one strap ( 105 ) comprises a first synthetic yarn ( 110 ) and a second synthetic yarn ( 120 ), wherein the first synthetic yarn ( 110 ) has a different elasticity than the second synthetic yarn ( 120 ). 
     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to the preceding Example 21, wherein the second yarn ( 120 ) extends axially along a direction of the strap ( 105 ). 
     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to one of the preceding Examples 1-6 or 7-22, wherein the at least one braid portion ( 100 ;  420 ;  520 ) is arranged in the upper such that it is pre-stretched in the longitudinal direction. 
     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to one of the preceding Examples 1-6 or 7-23, wherein the at least one braid portion ( 100 ;  420 ;  520 ) is adapted to provide different elasticities in different strain ranges. 
     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to one of the preceding Examples 1-6 or 7-24, wherein the at least one braid portion ( 100 ;  420 ;  520 ) is adapted to provide a resilience of essentially 100%. 
     Upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to one of the preceding Examples 1-6 or 7-25, wherein the at least one braid portion ( 100 ;  420 ;  520 ) is adapted to be stretched up to 20% of its initial length, in some embodiments, up to 10% and, in other embodiments, up to 5%. 
     Shoe ( 400 ;  500 ) comprising an upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to one of the Examples 1-26. 
     Shoe ( 400 ;  500 ) according to the preceding Example 27, further comprising at least one braid portion ( 520 ) in a last. 
     Shoe ( 400 ;  500 ) according to one of the preceding Examples 27 or 28, further comprising at least one braid portion ( 520 ) in an insole. 
     A method for manufacturing an upper ( 235 ;  410 ;  510 ) according to one of the Examples 1-26 or a shoe ( 400 ;  500 ) according to one of the Examples 27-29. 
     Different arrangements of the components depicted in the drawings or described above, as well as components and steps not shown or described are possible. Similarly, some features and sub-combinations are useful and may be employed without reference to other features and sub-combinations. Embodiments of the invention have been described for illustrative and not restrictive purposes, and alternative embodiments will become apparent to readers of this patent. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above or depicted in the drawings, and various embodiments and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the claims below.