Patent Publication Number: US-2002012353-A1

Title: Isd controlled set-top box

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001] The invention relates generally to telephone communication systems and, more particularly, to a local house network using a twisted pair connected device multiplexing device.  
       BACKGROUND  
       [0002] As deregulation of the telephone industry continues and as companies prepare to enter the local telephone access market, there is a need to offer new and innovative services that distinguish common carriers from their competitors. This cannot be accomplished without introducing new local access network architectures that will be able to support these new and innovative services.  
       [0003] Conventionally, customer premises telephone and/or data connections contain splitters for separating analog voice calls from other data services such as Ethernet transported over digital subscriber line (DSL) modems. Voice band data and voice signals are sent through a communications switch in a central or local office to an interexchange carrier or Internet service provider. DSL data is sent through a digital subscriber loop asynchronous mode (DSLAM) switch which may include a router. The DSLAM switch connects many lines and routes the digital data to a telephone company&#39;s digital switch.  
       [0004] A major problem with this configuration is that interexchange carriers attempting to penetrate the local telephone company&#39;s territory must lease trunk lines from the local telephone company switch to the interexchange company&#39;s network for digital traffic. Furthermore, the Internet service provider must lease a modem from the local phone company in the DSLAM switch and route its data through the local phone company&#39;s digital switch. Thus, the local phone company leases and/or provides a significant amount of equipment, driving up the cost of entry for any other company trying to provide local telephone services and making it difficult for the interexchange companies to differentiate their services. Furthermore, since DSL modem technology is not standardized, in order to ensure compatibility, the DSL modem provided by the local telephone company must also be provided to the end user in the customer premises equipment (CPE). Additionally, since the network is not completely controlled by the interexchange companies, it is difficult for the interexchange companies to provide data at committed delivery rates. Any performance improvements implemented by the interexchange companies may not be realized by their customers, because the capabilities of the local telephone company equipment may or may not meet their performance needs. Thus, it is difficult for the interexchange companies to convince potential customers to switch to their equipment or to use their services. These factors ensure the continued market presence of the local telephone company.  
       [0005] As part of this system, there is a need for improved architectures, services and equipment utilized to distinguish the interexchange companies&#39; products and services.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0006] In order to provide an improved network, it is desirable for the interexchange companies to have access to at least one of the twisted-pair lines or alternate wireless facility connecting each of the individual users to the local telephone network before the lines are routed through the conventional local telephone network equipment. It is preferable to have access to these lines prior to the splitter and modem technology offered by the local service providers. By having access to the twisted-pair wires entering the customer&#39;s premises, interexchange companies can differentiate their services by providing higher bandwidth, improving the capabilities of the customer premises equipment, and lowering overall system costs to the customer by providing competitive service alternatives.  
       [0007] The new architecture may utilize a video phone and/or other devices to provide new services to an end user; an intelligent services director (ISD) disposed near the customer&#39;s premises for multiplexing and coordinating many digital services onto a single twisted-pair line; a facilities management platform (FMP) disposed in the local telephone network&#39;s central office for routing data to an appropriate interexchange company network; and a network server platform (NSP) coupled to the FMP for providing new and innovative services to the customer and for distinguishing services provided by the interexchange companies from those services provided by the local telephone network.  
       [0008] As part of this system, one aspect of the invention provides active components located in the network access unit such as a modem, multiplexer, and a controller. 
     
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
     [0009] The foregoing summary of the invention, as well as the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are included by way of example, and not by way of limitation with regard to the claimed invention.  
     [0010]FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a hybrid fiber twisted pair local loop architecture.  
     [0011]FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an intelligent services director consistent with the architecture shown in FIG. 1.  
     [0012]FIG. 3A and 3B illustrate an embodiment of a video phone consistent with the architecture shown in FIG. 1.  
     [0013]FIG. 4A is a block diagram of an embodiment of a facilities management platform consistent with the architecture shown in FIG. 1.  
     [0014]FIG. 4B illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of a network server platform consistent with the architecture shown in FIG. 1.  
     [0015]FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the ISD.  
     [0016]FIGS. 6A and 6B are block diagrams of various frame structures which may be used to communicate between the ISD and the FMP.  
     [0017]FIG. 7A and 7B are examples of one signaling structure which may be used to initiate a call.  
     [0018] FIGS.  8 - 10  are various embodiments of the ISD.  
     [0019]FIG. 11 is an example of one protocol stack for use with the ISD.  
     [0020]FIG. 12 is a one exemplary embodiment of a form factor for the ISD  
     [0021]FIG. 13 is an exemplary embodiment of a local house network using the ISD.  
     [0022]FIGS. 14, 15A,  15 B show various implementations of tunneling for use with the ISD.  
     [0023]FIG. 16 shows a plurality of ISD connected settops in a network  500 .  
     [0024] FIGS.  17 - 18  show a remote control.  
     [0025]FIG. 19 shows an exemplary architecture of an settop. FIG. 20 shows an exemplary architecture of a remote control.  
     [0026] FIGS.  21 - 24  show exemplary architectures of video screens output by a settop. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
     [0027] Referring to FIG. 1, a first exemplary communication network architecture employing a hybrid fiber, twisted-pair (HFTP) local loop  1  architecture is shown. An intelligent services director (ISD)  22  may be coupled to a central office  34  via a twisted-pair wire, hybrid fiber interconnection, wireless and/or other customer connection  30 , a connector block  26 , and/or a main distribution frame (MDF)  28 . The ISD  22  and the central or local office  34  may communicate with each other using, for example, framed, time division, frequency-division, synchronous, asynchronous and/or spread spectrum formats, but in exemplary embodiments uses DSL modem technology. The central office  34  preferably includes a facilities management platform (FMP)  32  for processing data exchanged across the customer connection  30 . The FMP  32  may be configured to separate the plain old telephone service (POTS) from the remainder of the data on the customer connection  30  using, for example, a tethered virtual radio channel (TVRC) modem (shown in FIG. 4A). The remaining data may be output to a high speed backbone network (e.g., a fiber-optic network) such as an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switching network. The analog POTS data may be output directly to a public switch telephone network (PSTN)  46 , and/or it may be digitized, routed through the high speed backbone network, and then output to the PSTN  46 .  
     [0028] The FMP  32  may process data and/or analog/digitized voice between customer premise equipment (CPE)  10  and any number of networks. For example, the FMP  32  may be interconnected with a synchronous optical network (SONET)  42  for interconnection to any number of additional networks such as an InterSpan backbone  48 , the PSTN  46 , a public switch switching network (e.g. call setup SS 7 -type network  44 ), and/or a network server platform (NSP)  36 . Alternatively, the FMP  32  may be directly connected to any of these networks. One or more FMPs  32  may be connected directly to the high speed backbone network (e.g., direct fiber connection with the SONET network  42 ) or they may be linked via a trunk line (e.g., trunks  40  or  42 ) to one or more additional networks.  
     [0029] The NSP  36  may provide a massive cache storage for various information that may be provided across the SONET net  42  to the FMP  32  and out to the ISD  22 . The NSP  36  and the FMP  32  may collectively define an access network server complex  38 . The NSP  36  may be interconnected with multiple FMPs  32 . Furthermore, each FMP  32  may interconnect with one or more ISDs  22 . The NSP  36  may be located anywhere but is preferably located in a point-of-presence (POP) facility. The NSP  36  may further act as a gateway to, for example, any number of additional services.  
     [0030] The ISD  22  may be interconnected to various devices such as a videophone  130 , other digital phones  18 , set-top devices, computers, and/or other devices comprising the customer premise equipment  10 . The customer premise equipment may individually or collectively serve as a local network computer at the customer site. Application applets may be downloaded from the NSP  36  into some or all of the individual devices within the customer premise equipment  10 . Where applets are provided by the NSP  36 , the programming of the applets may be updated such that the applets are continually configured to the latest software version by the interexchange carrier. In this way, the CPE  10  may be kept up to date by simply re-loading updated applets. In addition, certain applets may be resident on any of the CPE  10 . These resident applets may be periodically reinitialized by simply sending a request from, for example, a digital phone  18  and/or a videophone  130  to the FMP  32  and thereafter to the NSP  36  for reinitialization and downloading of new applets. To ensure widespread availability of the new features made possible by the present architecture, the customer premise equipment may be provided to end users either at a subsidized cost or given away for free, with the cost of the equipment being amortized over the services sold to the user through the equipment.  
     [0031] Referring to FIG. 2, the ISD  22  may connect with a variety of devices including analog and digital voice telephones  15 ,  18 ; digital videophones  130 , devices for monitoring home security, meter reading devices (not shown), utilities devices/energy management facilities (not shown), facsimile devices  16 , personal computers  14 , and/or other digital or analog devices. Some or all of these devices may be connected with the ISD  22  via any suitable mechanism such as a single and/or multiple twisted-pair wires and/or a wireless connection. For example, a number of digital devices may be multi-dropped on a single twisted-pair connection. Similarly, analog phones and other analog devices may be multi-dropped using conventional techniques.  
     [0032] The ISD  22  may be located within the home/business or mounted exterior to the home/business. The ISD  22  may operate from electrical power supplied by the local or central office  34  and/or from the customer&#39;s power supplied by the customer&#39;s power company. Where the ISD  22  includes a modem, it may be desirable to power the ISD  22  with supplemental power from the home in order to provide sufficient power to enable the optimal operation of the modem.  
     [0033] As shown in FIG. 2, in some embodiments the ISD  22  may include a controller  100  which may have any of a variety of elements such as a central processing unit  102 , a DRAM  103 , an SRAM  104 , a ROM  105  and/or an internet protocol (IP) bridge router  106  connecting the controller  100  to a system bus  111 . The system bus  111  may be connected with a variety of network interface devices  110 . The network interface devices  110  may be variously configured to include an integrated services digital network (ISDN) interface  113 , an Ethernet interface  119  (e.g., for 28.8 kbs data, 56 kbs data, or ISDN), an IEEE 1394 “fire wire” interface  112  (e.g., for a digital videodisc device (DVD)), a TVRC modem interface  114  (e.g., for a digital subscriber line (DSL) modem), a residential interface  114 , (e.g., standard POTS phone systems such as tip ring), a business interface  116  (e.g., a T 1  line and/or PABX interface), a radio frequency (RF) audio/video interface  120  (e.g., a cable television connection), and a cordless phone interface  123  (e.g., a 900 MHZ transceiver). Connected to one of the network interfaces and/or the system bus  111  may be any number of devices such as an audio interface  122  (e.g., for digital audio, digital telephones, digital audio tape (DAT) recorders/players, music for restaurants, MIDI interface, DVD, etc.), a digital phone  121 , a videophone/user interface  130 , a television set-top device  131  and/or other devices. Where the network interface is utilized, it may be desirable to use, for example, the IEEE 1394 interface  112  and/or the Ethernet interface  119 .  
     [0034] A lifeline  126  may be provided for continuous telephone service in the event of a power failure at the CPE  10 . The lifeline  126  may be utilized to connect the ISD  22  to the local telecommunications company&#39;s central office  34  and, in particular, to the FMP  32  located in the central office  34 .  
     [0035] The ISD may be variously configured to provide any number of suitable services. For example, the ISD  22  may offer high fidelity radio channels by allowing the user to select a particular channel and obtaining a digitized radio channel from a remote location and outputting the digital audio, for example, on audio interface  122 , video phone  130 , and/or digital phones  121 . A digital telephone may be connected to the audio interface  122  such that a user may select any one of a number of digital audio service channels by simply having the user push a digital audio service channel button on the telephone and have the speaker phone output particular channels. The telephone may be preprogramed to provide the digital audio channels at a particular time, such as a wake up call for bedroom mounted telephone, or elsewhere in the house. The user may select any number of services on the video phone and/or other user interface such as a cable set-top device. These services may include any number of suitable services such as weather, headlines in the news, stock quotes, neighborhood community services information, ticket information, restaurant information, service directories (e.g., yellow pages), call conferencing, billing systems, mailing systems, coupons, advertisements, maps, classes, Internet, pay-per-view (PPV), and/or other services using any suitable user interface such as the audio interface  122 , the video phone/user interface  130 , digital phones,  121  and/or another suitable device such as a settop device  131 .  
     [0036] In further embodiments, the ISD  22  may be configured as an IP proxy server such that each of the devices connected to the server utilizes transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) protocol. This configuration allows any device associated with the ISD to access the Internet via an IP connection through the FMP  32 . Where the ISD  22  is configured as an IP proxy server, it may accommodate additional devices that do not support the TCP/IP protocol. In this embodiment, the ISD  22  may have a proprietary or conventional interface connecting the ISD  22  to any associated device such as to the set top box  131 , the personal computer  14 , the video telephone  130 , the digital telephone  18 , and/or some other end user device.  
     [0037] In still further embodiments, the ISD  22  may be compatible with multicast broadcast services where multicast information is broadcast by a central location and/or other server on one of the networks connected to the FMP  32 , e.g., an ATM-switched network. The ISD  22  may download the multicast information via the FMP  32  to any of the devices connected to the ISD  22 . The ISD  22  and/or CPE  10  devices may selectively filter the information in accordance with a specific customer user&#39;s preferences. For example, one user may select all country music broadcasts on a particular day while another user may select financial information. The ISD  22  and/or any of the CPE  10  devices may also be programmed to store information representing users&#39; preferences and/or the received uni-cast or multicast information in memory or other storage media for later replay. Thus, for example, video clips or movies may be multicast to all customers in the community with certain users being preconfigured to select the desired video clip/movie in real time for immediate viewing and/or into storage for later viewing.  
     [0038] Referring to FIG. 3A, a videophone  130  may include a touch screen display  141  and soft keys  142  around the perimeter of the display  141 . The display may be responsive to touch, pressure, and/or light input. Some or all of the soft keys  142  may be programmable and may vary in function depending upon, for example, the applet being run by the videophone  130 . The function of each soft key may be displayed next to the key on the display  141 . The functions of the soft keys  142  may also be manually changed by the user by pressing scroll buttons  143 . The videophone  140  may also include a handset  144  (which may be connected via a cord or wireless connection to the rest of the videophone and/or directly to the ISD), a keypad  150 , a video camera  145 , a credit card reader  146 , a smart card slot  147 , a microphone  149 , a motion and/or light detector  148 , built-in speaker(s)  155 , a printer/scanner/facsimile  152 , and/or external speakers  154  (e.g., stereo speakers). A keyboard  153  and/or a postage scale  151  may also be connected to the videophone  130 . Any or all of the above-mentioned items may be integrated with the videophone unit itself or may be physically separate from the videophone unit. A block diagram of the video phone unit is shown in FIG. 3B. Referring to FIG. 3B, in addition to the items above, the video phone  130  may also include a signal processor  171 , high speed interface circuitry  172 , memory  173 , power supply  174 , all interconnected via a controller  170 .  
     [0039] When the videophone  130  is used as a video telephone, the display  141  may include one or more video window(s)  160  for viewing a person to whom a user is speaking and/or showing the picture seen by the person on the other end of the video phone. The display may also include a dialed-telephone-number window  161  for displaying the phone number dialed, a virtual keypad  162 , virtual buttons  163  for performing various telephone functions, service directory icons  165 , a mail icon  164 , and/or various other service icons  166  which may be used, for example, for obtaining coupons or connecting with an operator. Any or all of these items may be displayed as virtual buttons and/or graphic icons and may be arranged in any combination. Additionally, any number of other display features may be shown on the video phone in accordance with one or more of the applications incorporated by reference below.  
     [0040] Referring to FIG. 4A, the FMP  32  may coordinate the flow of data packets, separate voice signals from other signals, perform line monitoring and switching functions, and/or convert between analog and digital signals. The FMP  32  may process data sent from the CPE  10  to the central or local office  34  by separating and reconstructing analog voice signals, data, and control frames. The FMP  32  may process data sent from the central or local office  34  to the CPE  10  by separating control messages from user information, and configure this information into segments that for transport across the digital subscriber loop. The FMP  32  may also terminate the link layer associated with the digital subscriber loop.  
     [0041] In some embodiments, the FMP  32  may include an access module  70  and a digital loop carrier  87 . The access module  70  may include a line protector  71 , a cross-connector  73 , a plurality of TVRC modems  80 , a plurality of digital filters  82 , a controller multiplexer  84 , and/or a router and facilities interface  86 . The digital loop carrier  87  may include a plurality of line cards  96 , a time domain multiplexing (TDM) multiplexor (MUX)  88 , a TDM bus  90 , a controller  92 , and/or a facilities interface  94 .  
     [0042] During normal operations, digital signals on the customer connection  30  (e.g., twisted-pair lines) containing both voice and data may be received by the TVRC modems  80  via the line protector  71  and the cross-connector  73 . Preferably, the line protector  71  includes lightning blocks for grounding power surges due to lightning or other stray voltage surges. The TVRC modems  80  may send the digital voice and/or data signals to the controller multiplexor  84  and the digital filters  82 . The digital filters  82  may separate the voice signals from the digital data signals, and the controller multiplexor  84  may then multiplex the voice signals and/or data signals received from the digital filters  82 . The controller multiplexor  84  may then send multiplexed voice signals to the TDM MUX  88  and the data signals to the router and facilities interface  86  for transmission to one or more external networks. The TDM MUX  88  may multiplex the voice signals from the controller multiplexor  84  and/or send the voice signals to the TDM bus  90 , which may then send the digital voice signals to the controller  92  and then to the facilities interface  94  for transmission to one or more external networks. Both the router and facilities interface  86  and the facilities interface  94  may convert between electrical signals and optical signals when a fiber optic link is utilized.  
     [0043] When there is a failure of the digital data link (e.g., if there is a failure of the TVRC modems  80  at the FMP  32  or the TVRC modem  114  at the ISD  22 ), only analog voice signals might be sent over the subscriber lines  30 . In such a case, the analog voice signals may be directly routed to the line cards  96 , bypassing the TVRC modems  80 , the digital filters  82 , the controller multiplexor  84 , and the TDM MUX  88 . Thus, voice communication is ensured despite a failure of the digital data link. The line cards  96  may convert the analog voice signals into digital format (e.g., TDM format) and send the digitized voice data onto the TDM bus  90  and eventually through the controller  92  and the facilities interface  94  for transmission to one or more external networks.  
     [0044] Referring to FIG. 4B, the NSP  36  may be variously configured to provide any number of services provided by a server such as information services, Internet services, pay-per-view movie services, data-base services, commercial services, and/or other suitable services. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4B, the NSP  36  includes a router  185  having a backbone  180  (e.g., a fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) backbone) that interconnects a management server  182 , an information/database server  183 , and/or one or more application server clusters  184 . The NSP  36  may be connected via the router  185  by a link  181  to one or more external networks, NSPs  36 , and/or an FMPs  32 . The information/database server  183  may perform storage and/or database functions. The application server cluster  184  may maintain and control the downloading of applets to the ISD  22 . The NSP  36  may also include a voice/call processor  186  configured to handle call and data routing functions, set-up functions, distributed operating system functions, voice recognition functions for spoken commands input from any of the ISD connected devices as well as other functions.  
     [0045] Again referring to FIG. 2, the ISD will now be explained in more detail. The ISD enables the seamless integration of voice and data across the telephone network. The ISD utilizes leverages interface and networking innovations originally developed to expedite information retrieval via the World Wide Web. When applied to telecommunications access, these advances enable a revolutionary change in service delivery, that makes the telephone companies network a much more valuable asset than ever before. Coupled with the introduction of low-cost premises devices (e.g., browser based touch-screen phones), the technology enables a natural and compelling link to a rich new class of service offerings and features such as CD quality voice, far more friendly access to a wide range of telephony services (CLASS, conferencing, messaging, emergency services, etc.), new non-traditional services on an AT&amp;T secure intranet such as Bill payment, Banking, Electronic shopping, Home-based smart card ATM transactions, Electronic coupons, Interactive advertising/Point-casting, Corporate LAN extensions for Work-at-Home, Interactive multimedia telephony, High-speed access to the Internet even without a PC, restaurant ordering, sports ticket ordering, catalogue ordering, mail metering machines, directory services, customer services, rate tables, calling plan options, as well as self provision new services, get credit for wrong number calls, vastly reducing the number of service representatives required.  
     [0046] The ISD performs intelligent multiplexing, dynamic bandwidth allocation, and routing of voice and data and may also include advance signal processing for enabling voice activated commands. Because AT&amp;T has over 90 million customers, it may be possible to give the video phone away for free so that all house-holds regardless of income level or desire to purchase a personal computer will have access to the vast information resources of the Internet, AT&amp;T&#39;s networks, and/or third party networks including those providing pay per view (PPV) movie content and broadcast networks. It is anticipated that the video phone concept together with the ISD, FMP, and NSP of the present invention will revolutionize the delivery of telephony services and provide a quantum leap in the paradigm of telecommunications, improving the quality of life of our customers while turning the copper loop into an increasing necessity for all users.  
     [0047] For high end residential consumers who want more convenience and simplicity in their daily lives and convenient access to more information devices coupled to the ISD provide, for example: easier delivery of a wider range of telephony services (e.g., customer care, marketing, operator services) with cost savings due to automation; new service opportunities such as interactive electronic catalog shopping from the home, and advertising; ability to offer ultra fast Internet access to every household, penetrating even those without a PC unlike traditional voice/touch tone telephony access; high fidelity voice and music; touch screen and/or voice activated customer interface; asymmetric high speed transport of data to the home with the asymmetric character of the link and apportionment of that bandwidth variable depending on the amount of traffic; new service opportunities such as 3rd party bill payment including paper-less bill payment, banking, obtaining smart card cash in an ATM transactions, electronic shopping from the home, electronic coupons, advertising, electronic review and payment of bills, calling plans, class of services, as well as other services and plans; Interactive video teleconferencing; state-of-the-art networking for Work-at-Home; private line services; Call Connection including the self scheduling of conference calls without the need for an operator as well as initiation of interactive calls with white board augmentation using an appropriate applet downloaded from the NSP; class services invoked, for example, via icons and prompts in a natural manner without requiring memorization of numerical codes; navigation &amp; access for voice, e-mail, and fax messages; obtain operator services without an operator, credit for wrong number, rate table, etc.; define profile for pointcast services; purchase products advertised on TV via synchronized ordering screen with television or PPV shows; Multimedia Enhanced Voice Calls, interactive voice &amp; data response applications &amp; info-on-demand; Support for work-at-home via virtual WAN; Screen pops for message/call alerting; graphical call management using touch and/or a mouse interface, including, for example call setup/bridging capabilities and point-and-click/tap-and-drag conferencing graphical use rnterfaces to initiate POTS calls, personal registry, mobility manager, call scheduling, call me back standard messages, personal assistant; Universal Multimedia Mailbox including a common interface for fax, voice, text, audio, and/or audio/visual images; 7 Khz high fidelity voice; asymmetric high speed transport with dynamic bandwidth allocatio; residential LAN interface and associated local area network within the home; interactive video teleconferencing, display of web pages for customers placed on-hold, and other applications as discussed herein.  
     [0048] The service in accordance with aspects of the present invention makes the phone lines a conduit for a wide variety of high revenue service offerings, allows the differentiation of local telephone and long distance telephone services, significantly reduces operation costs, extracts additional performance benefits from the imbedded loop plant, makes maxim use of the existing network infrastructure, and uniquely leverages new technology. Aspects of the present invention will enable a revolutionary change in service delivery, which can greatly improve the quality of people&#39;s lives, and make the telephone network a much more valuable asset than ever before. When coupled with the introduction of low-cost premises devices (e.g., touch-screen phones), the technology enables a natural and compelling interface to rich new classes of service offerings for all telephone users regardless of their ability or desire to afford a personal computer or learn. Thus AT&amp;T can reduce the cost of its own billing while making it easier for the customer to pay the bill. Additionally electronic billing services can be offered to other companies.  
     [0049] The ISD may be physically located on the premises side of the protector block. In exemplary embodiments as shown in FIG. 2, the ISD terminates the twisted-pair loop facilities leased from the local exchange carrier on the network side and the premise equipment and associated networks on the premises side. The ISD may operate to aggregate the diverse traffic from the customer premise equipment onto a single stream for transmission over the loop to the Facilities Management Platform (FMP) and to de-multiplex the traffic from the FMP.  
     [0050] A basic Premises Distribution Network (PDN)  500  for one exemplary embodiment of a typical residential application of the ISD  22  is shown in FIG. 5. The premise distribution network  500  may include one or more Ethernet connections  500  for connecting a plurality of devices such as a number of personal computers  14 A,  14 B, a vision phone, and/or other devices. Further, the premise distribution network  500  may include any number of conventional analog lines  505  (e.g., Tip/Ring (T/R) phone lines), each having one or more associated analog phones (e.g.,  15 A- 15   n ), and/or associated Pcs with modem and/or phone cards. Further, the premises distribution network  500  may include any number of ISDN lines  506 , each having any number of digital appliances such as ISDN compliant devices and/or video phones  130 . The premises distribution network  500  may use existing twisted pair telephone line and/or may utilize a special cable to facilitate Ethernet and/or other LAN connections. Where the video phone  130  shares the same LAN as a connected PC  14 A, prioritization software in the LAN driver gives priority to video and/or audio transmissions to and from the video phone to reduce latency time and unpredictable delays. Alternatively, the video phone  130  may be coupled via a dedicated ISDN connection, a dedicated ethernet connection, and/or another dedicated connection to the ISD  22 . The video phone may have an integrated analog phone for life line support. Alternatively, one of the analog phones serves the function of providing lifeline support. Where the video phone  130  includes lifeline support, it is preferred to transmit data to the phone in a band above 7 KHz using ADSL like modem technology.  
     [0051] In exemplary embodiments, the ISD  22  multiplexes traffic from the various components of the PDN  500  (e.g., Ethernet, Screen Phone, Tip/Ring, ISDN) either between other devices on the PDN and/or onto DSL modem  114  for transport over loop twisted pair to the Central Office. The DSL modem may be constructed using any of the techniques described in the applications incorporated by reference below. Within the scope of the current document, the term xDSL will be used to represent any member of the DSL family. This family comprises, High Speed Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL), Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL), Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL) and Very high data rate Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL). This list is not limited to the members described herein, since changing technology adds more DSL schemes.  
     [0052] The ISD  22  may execute any number of additional telephony functions using known techniques such as Packetization of voice for all telephone calls, Tip/Ring Borscht functions, default to Central Office Battery/Tip/Ring to provide lifeline service during power failure, overvoltage Protection, ringing, supervision, answer and incoming call/ringing supervision, generation of call progress tones (e.g., dial tone, busy, ringback, invalid number, etc.), various coding such as 7 KHz G. 722  coding for Electra called parties, 3.3. KHz mu-law coding for non-ISD enabled parties, transmit messages reporting DTMF, on hook/off hook/flash hook events, support for voice dialing and enablement of special calling features (e.g., through the use of processor  102  which may include signal co-processor  102 A and/or a high performance controller such as the  8960 ), provision of dial tone with time-out for voice dialing service, coding/forwarding voice commands (e.g., to a voice processor in the FMP and/or NSP.  
     [0053] The data link protocol of the DSL modem may be variously configured to include incorporate Forward Error Correction for traffic unsuited to re-transmission such as voice traffic. Additionally, the data link protocol may organize the aggregate data stream created by multiplexing downstream channels, duplex channels, and maintenance channels together into blocks, attaching an error correction code to each block. The receiver then can correct errors that occur during transmission up to the limits implied by the code and the block length. The data link protocol may also provide sufficient interleaving to correct errors due to impulsive noise but supporting low latency for voice traffic, create superblocks by interleaving data within subblocks to allow the receiver to correct any combination of errors within a specific span of bits. It may be desirable to tailor the interleaving interval to the latency budget for voice applications in DSL modems utilized to carry voice as in the present invention.  
     [0054] The packet handling in the present system may be variously configured. For example, in the CPE-Network direction, a the processor  102  may be configured to act as a packet handling subsystem to processes frames from the FMP and to generate DSL frames going to the FMP. The ISD and the FMP include DSL modems (e.g., TVRC) modems to terminate the link layers associated with the DSL segment of the connection. In a similar manner as the FMP, the processor in the ISD may be configured to reconstruct the lPv 6  packets from DSL frames and then separates IP packets containing voice from those containing data and from those containing signaling. In the ISD, speech packets from the Packet Handling subsystem may be delivered to the residential interface for output to one or more analog lines to create virtual phone lines using the upper bandwidth of the DSL modem (e.g., 40 Khz to 1 Mhz) in a similar manner as the packet-to-circuit translation subsystem which may be utilized in the FMP. The processor  102  in the ISD  22  may also be configured to generate signaling packets which may be forwarded to the FMP for later utilization in either an in-band or out-of-band routing subsystem such as a conventional subscriber signaling subsystem (e.g., TR  303 ). Similarly, the processor  102  in the ISD  22  may include a subscriber signaling subsystem as part of an external routing subsystem. In this manner, packets received from the FMP in the network-CPE direction (including voice, data, video, and control packets) may be demultiplexed, reformatted with an appropriate protocol, and output to an attached peripheral device connected to the premise distribution network  500 .  
     [0055] In the network to CPE direction, the processor  102  may be configured to re-construct IPv 6  packets from DSL frames, and separating IP packets containing voice from those containing data from those containing signaling. This process may involve, for example, multiplexing (at the IP packet level) voice, data and subscriber signaling packets bound for a single DSL link with IP packets mapped onto DSL frames.  
     [0056] The processor  102  may also include one or more signal processors  102 A and/or voice processor to perform various MPEGII coding/decoding functions, codec functions, voice recognition functions, etc. The processor  102  may also be configured to perform various protocol conversion functions such that data having protocols used on a device connected to the premise distribution network may be efficiently transmitted to and from the FMP using an appropriate transmission protocol. Additionally, the processor  102  monitors the devices connected to the premise distribution network and stores information concerning which devices are currently in use. In this manner, where there is an incoming call, the ISD has the intelligence to know which CPE is in use and which CPE is not in use. As a result, if there is an incoming call, the ISD will not send a ringing tone to any CPE that is already in use, but will route the call to another device that is available. Further, where there is a choice of a plurality of phones and/or other devices to route the call, the ISD may review activity detected on the motion sensors on any attached motion sensing devices such as those which may be present in a video phone  130  and ring a phone which is most convenient to the user. As an alternative, all available phones will be rung, with the user given the option to switch between incoming lines.  
     [0057] In an exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 5, where an incoming call arrives at the ISD  22 , the control  510  rings one or all of the attached phones. Where a user answers a first phone (e.g.,  15 A), the utilization of this phone is recorded. Thereafter, the user may continue talking on this phone and an off-hook status is indicated. Where another call comes in, the user may choose to answer this call via a conventional method such as “call waiting” and/or using multiple lines. Further, the answering machine (described in an attached application) may be configured to indicate that the user is receiving an incoming call at the moment and provide an on-hold menu as discussed in the applications incorporated by reference below. The control  510  may be configured to have a plurality of calls on-hold and toggle between these calls by depressing a DTWF key and/or the hang-up actuator. Alternatively, a digital phone and/or video phone  130  may have any number of lines with a name, address, and phone number associated with each of the incoming callers. Thus, the residential interface module allows multiple virtual analog phone lines to be multiplexed on a single twisted pair phone line. Further, one of the phone lines may be provided with life line support.  
     [0058] Interconnected to the ISD may be a protector block  26  which is used for impedance matching. The protector block  26  may also act as a demarcation of the customer premise and the local loop transmission network. Copper twisted pair may be utilized to connect the protector block and a Main Distribution Frame (MDF) as the main transmission medium in the local loop.  
     [0059] The DSL modems shown as  114  may be implemented using a Tethered Virtual Radio Channel (TVRC) modem as discussed in the applications incorporated herein by reference. The TVRC (Tethered Virtual Radio Channel) engine may be implemented using a simultaneous voice-data modem which may be a full-duplex Variable Rate—Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line (VR-ADSL) modem. The modem may transmit and receive the modulated voice +data bit stream via the twisted pair. The modem uses discrete multi-tone (DMT) modulation to achieve at least 1.5 Mbps data rate in both directions. Some of the TVRC engine functions include forward error control (Reed Solomon), channel coding (Turbo or Wei Convolution), TVRC spreading, echo cancellation and analog transmit/receive line interfacing. The TVRC modem may be implemented using one or more programmable DSPs which may be utilized to provide the modem transmit FFT and/or receive IFFT engine. However, the embodiments of aspects of the instant invention are not limited to the use of TVRC modulation technology. However, TVRC may be desirable as an alternate to interleaving in order to overcome impairments such as noise and interference and which results in unacceptable delays.  
     [0060] The processor  102  in the ISD  22  may be configured to discriminate between the various forms of traffic and to route this traffic to an appropriate device. Where high priority voice and/or video is distributed across the interface, the ISD may include one or more priority queues disposed in the SRAM and/or DRAM  103 ,  104 . There may be different priority queues for each connected device on the premise distribution network (including any attached device described with regard to FIG. 2 or discussed herein). Additionally, there may be different queues for each device in both the transmit and receive direction. Further, control and signaling information may be assigned various levels of priority. A similar queue structure may also be implemented in the FMP. In one exemplary embodiment, the queues give priority to signaling information, and voice information for the various attached telephones. If a queue is in danger of overflow, flow control mechanisms may be utilized by the ISD and/or FMP. Voice data is accessed first using an appropriate queuing scheme such as priority fair weighted queuing or another suitable scheme. In addition to queuing, bandwidth may be varied so that more DSL frames are assigned to voice and/or video than data. Further, asymmetric DSL protocols may be dynamically implemented such that more bandwidth may be allocated to one direction or the other as necessary. Where one ISD  22  is serving as the node for, for example, a seven way conference call, the outgoing bandwidth for the node may need to be increased relative to the incoming bandwidth. However, where a PPV movie and/or Internet file is being downloaded, the bandwidth may be reversed such that more bandwidth is available from the network to the CPE equipment. Thus, asymmetric high speed transport of data to the home with the asymmetric character of the link and apportionment of that bandwidth variable depending on the amount of traffic results in a substantially more flexible platform to implement advanced services to the user. Multiple modem protocols may be downloaded into the DSL modem dynamically to chose the best protocol for a particular dynamic bandwidth allocation to maximize the amount of through put.  
     [0061] For example, with reference to FIG. 6, information may be multiplexed into one or more DSL frames in order to dynamically allocate bandwidth. In one exemplary embodiment, where data is being input to one of the connected data devices (e.g., a PC), and a voice call comes in, a dynamic allocation of bandwidth may occur. Assume that 1 Mbps is available for information transfer. Prior to the incoming call, all 1 Mbps may be completely used for the data transmission. However, as soon as a voice call comes in, since voice has a higher priority than data, a 64 Kbps channel is deallocated from data usage and is allocated for voice. If a second voice call comes in, then another data channel will be deallocated from data usage and allocated for voice. As a voice call gets terminated, then the allocated voice slots will be reallocated to use by data and/or another voice channel. For example, as shown in FIG. 6B, voice call  4  V 4  is terminated and the bandwidth is reallocated to D 3 . Accordingly, as the bandwidth is reallocated, the header may be updated to reflect the new bandwidth allocation. This allocation may occur in both the CPE to network traffic and network to CPE traffic. Additionally, as slots are added to CPE to network traffic, slots may be deallocated to network to CPE traffic implementing a dynamic asymmetric bandwidth allocation. Hence, the system dynamically allocates bandwidth in real time to maximize information transfer. Where individual packets are used to transport voice and data between the ISD  22  and the FMP  32 , an individual channel doe not need to be allocated. Voice packets are simply given priority over data packets in the transfer. Therefore, silence periods may be used to the advantage and a higher overall bandwidth occurs. Data is simply stored in the buffer and/or slowed in its transfer using standard flow control where voice has priority. In aspects of the present invention, bandwidth may be allocated on a per-frame basis. By contrast, conventional systems only allocated bandwidth at the time a secession is initiated—and once initiation has been completed, bandwidth allocation cannot be changed without tearing down the call. However, in aspects of the present invention, bursty data may be accommodated more efficiently since the burst data rate may be accommodated via dynamic bandwidth allocation.  
     [0062] The DSL modem  114  may be variously configured to supporting transport over 18000 foot loops at following rates exceeding 1 Mbits/second, and may include adapting duplex and downstream bit-rates to the needs of the current traffic such that more bandwidth is provided to the upstream and/or downstream and/or between various devices based on an intelligent bandwidth allocation algorithm. The DSL modem may provide a single-tone DMT mode for low power operation during idle periods to avoid re-synchronization at next service request and enable “always on” functionality. The always on and/or virtually always on functionality allows voice/data calls to be established virtually instantaneously without long delays. The virtually always on functionality allows the channel bandwidth to adapt to the current needs of the system to minimize power consumption, reduce thermal dissipation, and generate less interference. For example, if no device is currently being utilized, only a very low bandwidth channel is required. Accordingly, by reducing the bandwidth available across the loop, it is possible to improve overall performance for other lines.  
     [0063] The present invention discloses a local loop architecture that can overcome many of the Amongst the claimed advantages is the ability to have multiple appearances of a call on a single twisted pair. The architecture also allows data and voice to be mixed and bandwidth can be dynamically allocated in real time.  
     [0064] To illustrate the interaction between the various components of the instant invention, a voice dialing scenario will be described. When a subscriber picks up the telephone and if no digits have been dialed after a specified period of time has elapsed, the ISD may start digitizing the voice information into 64 Kbps μ-law PCM data. The samples may be interpreted locally using processor  102  and converted into commands, and/or stored in a wave file for later transmission. For example, where the voice commands are saved, they may be subsequently transmitted to the FMP over a signaling channel. On receipt by the FMP, the FMP may either interpret the commands (e.g., using a controller in the controller and multiplexer  84 ), and/or forward the information to the NSP for further processing. In the NSP, the commands may be interpreted using known voice recognition technology. The NSP may attempt to authenticate the request by ensuring that the subscriber does indeed have a subscription to the voice dialing service. The NSP may then determine the identity of the subscriber by looking at the address in the IP field of the packet. The NSP can therefore interpret the information in the wave files and take the appropriate action.  
     [0065] In one illustrative example, assume that subscriber John wanted to call another subscriber Paul. The NSP may attempt to determine who is Paul as defined by John. Once the telephone number for John has been determined, the NSP may inform the FMP to set up a call to John&#39;s number. In some configurations, this my be done by the FMP using the TR 303  interface (as shown in FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B), for example, by sending a signal to a SLC to request the local Serving Office to tell the latter the appropriate ports to use for setting up the call. The FMP may also include its own DTMF and tone generator for signaling. The inclusion of a DTMF tone generator in the FMP and/or ISD has significant advantages in that a voice dialing service may be provided by the interexchange companies and there is no need to pay for the Local Exchange Carrier (LEC) for providing such a service. Similar services, such as speed dialing, that the LEC provides can now be made available locally using the ISD and/or FMP.  
     [0066] In the case where there is an incoming call, say from the PSTN, the FMP may obtain signaling information from the SLC. The information may be dispatched over the signaling channel to the NSP. The NSP may instruct the FMP with information on how the call should be terminated. On receiving this message, the FMP may send the appropriate signaling message to the ISD. The ISD may be configured to know which phones are in use and which ones are not. As a result, the ISD may apply ringing voltage to a phone that is not in use and/or take other remedial action as discussed above, e.g., using a call waiting signal.  
     [0067] The ISD may be configured to facilitate multiple appearances of calls on a single twisted pair to integrate voice and data traffic. The ISD is unlike conventional system that uses bandpass filters or splitter to separate voice and data. The ISD provides a local smart hub interface for all lines in the home as well as providing digital communication coordination among different devices in the home. The ISD may be configured for various functions including an alarm system, utility meter monitoring, standard POTS phone systems such as tip ring, or multiple tip rings, or multiple tip rings assigned to a single number, and/or multiple tip rings assigned to unique numbers, detection generation and conversion of DTMF tones, ring generation, off hook generation, and other call progress indication, and/or a business interface such as a T 1  line, and/or other analog and/or digital lines.  
     [0068] Of course, other embodiments of the ISD will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, as shown in FIGS.  8 - 10 , a second exemplary example of the ISD is shown.  
     [0069] Further, various implementations of the ISD may be utilized in different implementations. For example, settop  513  may be coupled to any suitable interface such as the IEEE 1394, RF audio/video interface  120 , ethernet interface  119 , etc. A TV may be coupled to the settop. Additionally, a DAT, DVD and/or other audio device  515  may be coupled to the ISD using a suitable interface.  
     [0070] Referring to FIG. 11, various protocol stacks may be utilized to transmit the voice and data. For example, a voice signaling stack such as in-band voice over ATM and/or other voice signaling stack may be used. Additionally, a ether net and/or other IP stack may be utilized.  
     [0071] Referring to FIG. 12, the ISD may be included in a network interface unit The network interface unit may be variously mounted either inside and/or outside of the house. Where a DSL modem and/or ISD is incorporated in the NIU  600 , it may be desirable to mount the unit external to the home to allow access for service and to upgrade the ISD without entering the user&#39;s home. Alternatively, the NIU  600  may be provided within the home where power is more readily available and where temperature is more stable. Auxiliary power may be provided via an outlet within the house via a direct power link  612  and/or via a step-down transformer  613  connected to the ISD  22  via one or more twisted pair phone lines from within the house to outside of the house to the NIU via a spare twisted pair  614 . The auxiliary link allows easy retrofit of existing NIUs  600 . Phone lines and/or other interface lines may be provided from the ISD  22  to the house via lines  620  (e.g., twisted pair cabling). The cordless interface  123  of the ISD  22  may include a antenna  630 , e.g., a 900 Mhz antenna mounted to the exterior of the NIU  600 . The antenna  630  may be used as a cellular base station for other wireless devices associated with other customer premises. Further, a cable  630  may be associated with RF audio/video interface  120  in the ISD  22 . The cable  630  may be coupled to a set-top and/or a TV  514 .  
     [0072] In operation, the ISD may be variously configured. For example, the ISD  22  may be utilized as a local house network. For example, referring to FIG. 13, an overall network  600  showing the ISD functioning in one embodiment of an overall house network. For example, a first ISD  22 B may have associated digital phones  18 A- 18 N, analog phones  15 A- 15 N, and computers (e.g., personal computers) PC  1 -PC N. The ISD  22 B may be coupled to a FMP  32 B. The FMP  32 B may in turn be coupled to a plurality of FMPs  32 A,  32 C, and one or more networks such as the Internet  581 , the PSTN  46 , and/or a private network such as a SONET network  42 . The FMP  32 B may also be interconnected with a NSP  36  as discussed in detail above. The FMP  32 A may be connected to a local equipment company&#39;s network  580 , which may in trun be coupled to the PSTN  46 . The LEC network may, for example, comprise a  5 ESS switch. The LEC  580  may have a plurality of associated analog  15  and/or digital phones (not shown). Similarly, the FMP  32   c  may have an associated ISD  22 C, coupled to one or more analog and/or digital phones  15 ,  18 .  
     [0073] In operation, the network  600  may include a local area network formed using ISD  22 B as a server. ISD  22   b  may act as a server/network controller for local area network LAN A having a plurality of attached Pcs. For example, many homes today have a plurality of Pcs disposed in different rooms of the house, but not interconnected. By using the ISD and standard Ethernet software protocol drivers and associated Ethernet cards, the ISD  22  may function as a neteork server and/or controller. In this manner, by simply plugging into an existing phone connection, Pcs in the house may share date among themselves, among one or more Pcs and the Internet  581 , between one or more Pcs and one of the digital phones  18 A- 18 N (including a video phone). In this manner, the common household problem of how to share information among computers is solved.  
     [0074] Additionally, the problem of obsolete software is also solved. For example, the ISD may be configured to download data from the NSP via any suitable protocol such as the use of a proprietary protocol and/or a tunneling protocol (e.g., PPTP) to have direct access to information on the NSP. Tunneling may be implemented using any suitable protocol such as point-to-point protocol shown in FIG. 14, 15A, and  15 B. Point-to-point tunneling was developed by Microsoft and may include tunnels wrapping PPP packets in IP layers. PPTP tunneling may be either client initiated or client transparent. As alternative, tunneling may be implemented using layer two forwarding developed by CISCO. Layer two forwarding uses layer two protocols such as frame relay and ATM tunneling to provide a point-to-point connection between a remote caching server such as the NSP  36  and the ISD  22 .  
     [0075] For example, the NSP could host a kids game section which has thousands of different children&#39;s programs. The NSP supplied programs may appear as one of a plurality of attached devices to the local home network. A user in the home may execute one of these programs by simply accessing an appropriate icon and/or by installing a driver for the program.  
     [0076] Further, because the ISD has high bandwidth access to external networks, the ISD may serve as an Internet gateway. For example, by configuring the ISD as an Internet gateway server, the ISD allows every computer in the home high-speed access and E-mail capabilities with the Internet. The LAN may also include inexpensive network computers without expensive disk drives and peripherals allowing the average home owner to purchase many inexpensive network computers, e.g, one for each member of the family. Similarly, WEB TV boxes could use the same LAN network LAN A to obtain high speed access to the internet. The ISD may be variously configured as a proxy server, such that each of the devices connected to the IP proxy server may utilize TCP/IP protocol and hence access a single IP connection from the IP server located in the ISD across the connection to the central office. Where the ISD is configured as an IP proxy server, the ISD may accommodate any number of additional devices that are not TCP/IP devices or Internet literate. In this manner, the ISD may have a proprietary interface out to the device, such as the set top box, the personal computer, the digital telephones, the VisionPhone, or other end user devices and yet access the power of the Internet through the ISD services. So the protocol between the ISD and the end user devices may be conventional protocols, such as CEBus for meter reading, ISDN for digital telephones and VisionPhones, fire wire, IEEE 1394 for consumer electronic devices such as video DVD players and/or other similar devices.  
     [0077] In addition to the forgoing, the ISD as a proxy server may be configured to allow an alternate long distance communication path to remote users, bypassing long distance companies networks. For example, where a reduce quality service is acceptable, telephony over Internet may be utilized allowing, for example, analog phone A  15  to communicate with analog phone  15  over the internet. This may be accomplished by configuring the ISD to establish certain connections over the Internet either on a continuous basis and/or on a manually enabled basis, for example, using PC  1  and/or vision phone  130 . Thus, the user would have the option of communicating with other phone customers without long-distance tolls using telephony over the Internet.  
     [0078] FIGS.  16 - 20  depict an integrated remote control and phone according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 16, the ISD interfaces with a set-top device  131 , which typically is a controller for a television set  360  on which it sits. The ISD maybe coupled to the set top  131  using any suitable interface such as Ethernet interface  119  (FIG. 2), IEEE 1394 interface  112 , ISDN interface  113 , Business Interface  116 , and/or RF audio video Interface  120 . The ISD  22  may or may not include a MPEG decoder. In exemplary embodiments, the MPEG decoder may be disposed in set-top  131  to minimize the bandwidth of the ISD interfaces. Where the MPEG decoder is disposed in the set-top device  131 , MPEG packets may be downloaded from the NSP  36 , via the network  42 , through the FMP  32 , through the ISD  22  and into the settop  131 . In exemplary embodiments, video programming is being continuously multicast across network  42  and selectively directed to one or more ISD devices responsive to a profile input by a viewer and/or responsive to commands by a viewer.  
     [0079] Packets broadcast across network typically include a program identifier PID. The program identifier, in conjunction with one or more program guide applets may be utilized to select a particular program content from one of a plurality of programs being multicast. For example, the NSP may down load a applet (e.g. a JAVA based applet) for enabling a program guide such as a proprietary program guide or a standard program guide such as that provided by Starsight. The program guide application runs on the set-top  131  and allows the user to select particular programs on which to view. The request is then forwarded to the NSP  36  where it may be logged with any appropriate billing information. The NSP  36  may be configured to include a plurality of program tables mapping PID values and/or values output by the program guide from the settop  131  with identifying information to match the program requested with programs PIDs being broadcast. Thereafter the program is downloaded via the FMP to the ISD to the settop  131 . In this manner a log of requests can be recorded and billing records maintained.  
     [0080] Where a plurality of set-tops are located in the home, each set-top may request different data. Where the CPE is a very long distance from the central office, it may be desirable to have more than one twisted pair connecting the ISD to the FMP in order to ensure that a plurality of programs will be simultaneously available.  
     [0081] As a further embodiment, a user may select a particular program stored on the NSP. Since the output to each home is in a star configuration with the FMP connected to many users, the user may select from a multitude of movies (thousands to unlimited). The movie may either be downloaded in real time to the settop  131  and/or downloaded and stored on a DVD device or other DAT.  
     [0082] In addition to the forgoing, any of the video phone functions and/or set-top functions described herein may operate on the TV under control of the settop and/or ISD in a similar manner as with the video phone  130 . Accordingly, the even absent a video phone  130 , the settop  131  in conjunction with the track bal  311  and select key  312  on remote control  200 . Thus, the user may select restaurant information, pay bills, select ads, order tickets (e.g., via pop-up windows during commercials for a local sports team which enable the viewer to purchase tickets for a subsequent home game), and/or perform any of the other functions associated with the video phone  130  described herein.  
     [0083] In addition to the forgoing, where the ISD  22  is configured as a proxy server, the settop  131  may operate as a WEB TV enabled device. Web pages may be accessed at extremely high rates over the DSL connection giving users a pleasant and easy to use WEB browsing experience.  
     [0084] Reverring to FIGS. 17 and 18, remote control handset  200  communicates with a television set-top device  131  in a manner that will be described below. It will be recognized that set-top device  131  could be a modified cable television tuner/descrambler and could be located next to the television set  360 . It will also be recognized that set-top device  131  could control other video appliances, such as a VCR, DVD, DAT and/or be incorporated into the video appliance which it controls. The set-top device may also be very inexpensive since a tuner is not necessary, only a MPEG decoder and a controller. Accordingly, since the set-top receives ethernet data, the settop may comprise an Ethernet card built into controller  402  as well as an MPEG decoder built into controller  402 . Additionally, the RF receiver  410  and/or RF antenna  132  is not necessary where all programming is received via the ISD. Additionally, where the RF transmitter in the ISD  22  is utilized, the RF transmitter in the settop is not necessary. Further, it should be understood that the camera in set-top  420  may be optional.  
     [0085] Referring to FIGS. 17 and 18, handset  200  has a case  202  which houses the electronics (FIG. 20) that enable handset  200  to communicate with set-top device  131  via infrared (IR) and/or radio frequency (RF) in a manner that will be described herein. Case  202  has a front face  204 , a rear face  206 , a top end  208 , a bottom end  210 , a left side  212 , and a right side  214 .  
     [0086] Front face  204  may have a user interface comprising control keys for activating various functions. For example, front face  204  may have a standard alphanumeric telephone keypad  216  and ancillary cordless telephone function keys, such as REDIAL, AUTO DIAL, FLASH, HOLD and telephone ON/OFF keys. The alphanumeric keypad  216  may also control video/audio functions in conjunction with ancillary video/audio function keys, such as POWER, volume (VOL/ ), channel (CH/ ), last channel swap (LAST CH), and TV MUTE. Other keys may select the device to be controlled, such as TV, VCR, and/or DVD. Additional keys (MENU, ENTER/RECALL, REMOTE VIDEO, AUDIO, LOCAL VIDEO, PIP, OFF) activate certain on-screen programming, adjustment and control functions for telephone usage, video viewing, etc. Further, any of the hot/control buttons, soft keys, and/or touch screens referred to herein may be utilized in conjunction with the TV/remote combination. Also front face  204  may include one or more openings for a microphone  218  and/or a loudspeaker  220  which enable the handset to function as a telephone with the loudspeaker held to the user&#39;s ear and the microphone adjacent the user&#39;s mouth. The weight of the handset preferably is more or less evenly distributed so that it feels balanced and is comfortable to hold when used as a telephone or as a remote control.  
     [0087] Several of the keys on the handset provide, in conjunction with appropriate software, for example, running in set-top controller  402 , and/or controller  102  in the ISD  22 , unique control of the incoming and outgoing (local) video and/or audio components of a telephone call. For example, the VIDEOPHONE MENU key  310  may display on the handset  200  may display any of the videophone menus described in the applications incorporated by reference herein. In place of the disclosed touch screen, the present invention contemplates the use of a track ball  311  or other screen navigation device in conjunction with SELECT key  312  to point to and activate various virtual “buttons” that are displayed on the screen to form a graphical user interface. Phone services accessed by the phone menus may include caller ID, speed dials, etc. The REMOTE VIDEO key  300  displays/removes the remote caller&#39;s video image on the television screen, while the LOCAL VIDEO key  301  displays/removes the local caller&#39;s video image on the television screen. Further, picture-in-picture or PIP keys  302 ,  303  for the remote and local video images enable the local caller to view himself, the remote caller or both, or even display one or both callers along with video programming from another source such as the set-top device  131 . An OFF key  304  electronically disables and/or mechanically shutters the local caller&#39;s video camera (which may be located, e.g., on top of the television set) so that the local caller can decide whether he should be seen by the remote caller. A DIAL ON-SCREEN NUMBER button is provided for expeditiously dialing a number displayed during an advertisement or possibly through an on-screen directory service. In accordance with the invention, a HANDSET SPEAKER ON/OFF button  350  is provided for quick deactivation and activation of the handset speaker and overlay of the voice call audio signal on the video signal sent to the video appliance via set-top device  131 .  
     [0088] In accordance with one aspect of the power-saving features of the invention, the AUDIO key  305  is associated with the remote caller and allows the local caller to direct the audio portion of the remote caller&#39;s signal either to the handset loudspeaker  220  or to the speaker system of the video appliance  360  for amplification and broadcast over the television speaker or remote speakers. Where the audio is broadcast over the television speaker, the phone audio volume may be controlled via phone volume controls  306 . Thus, the phone audio may be overlayed over the TV audio output with the relative volume or muting of each controlled separately. By using the TV loudspeakers instead of the speaker in the remote control, the battery life in the remote control is conserved. For enhanced ergonomic function, the TV volume control  307  and the phone volume control  306  may be located on the side of the phone (FIG. 8) to allow adjustment of the relative volume of the TV and/or phone audio while talking on the phone. Where surround sound is available, the audio from the phone could be made to come from a different location such as behind the viewer whereas video sound is in front of viewer. Alternatively, the handset may be provided with a controller which will automatically mute or lower the volume of the TV when an incoming call is received or answered.  
     [0089] During use as a telephone, voice and DTMF tone communication through set-top device  131  and/or ISD  22  may be accomplished via a radio frequency link, preferably at a frequency of 900 MHz., by means of an antenna  132  on set-top device  131  and/or cordless interface  123  on the ISD  22 , and an antenna  222  which may be completely concealed within case  202 . Antenna  222  is located along one side of case  202 , and the electronic components within the case are appropriately shielded by a metal clam-shell structure (not shown) to prevent unwanted interference from the radio frequency transmissions. Although it is preferred to completely conceal antenna  222  within case  202 , a partially concealed antenna, or an external antenna, could be used instead. Where an external antenna is used, it is desirable to have multiple infrared diode (IRD) ports to prevent the external antenna from interfering with a single IRD port.  
     [0090] While all communication functions could be effected via the radio frequency link or an infrared link, it is preferred that audio/video control and commands be communicated through the infrared link while audio communications and/or commands are carried out via the antenna. Set-top device  131  has an infrared detector  133  on the front of its base which receives infrared signals from any of four infrared emitting diodes  224 ,  226 ,  228  on handset  200 . These diodes preferably have broad beams and together afford maximum infrared coverage for a hand-held remote control device. The diodes may be located on one, two, three, or four faces at and near the top end of case  202  so they will not be rendered inoperative by being covered by the user&#39;s hand, which normally engages the lower half of the handset, or as the user turns.  
     [0091] Conventionally located on the top end  208  of case  202  is an infrared emitting diode  224 . When the top of handset  200  is aimed generally at set-top device  131 , infrared signals emitted by diode  224  are received by detector  133 .  
     [0092] For added versatility and convenience, an infrared emitting diode  226  is located on each side of case  202 . Signals emitted by one of these side-mounted diodes are received by detector  133  when the user holds the handset with one side generally facing the set-top device  131 , such as when the user is holding the handset to his ear during a telephone conversation, generally facing the television set where the remote caller&#39;s video signal may be displayed, and wishes to adjust a video function. Having a diode on each side of the handset insures infrared communication regardless of which ear is placed adjacent loudspeaker  220 . Thus, volume may be adjusted while the user speaks on the phone. One of the side-mounted diodes  226  also may come into play when the handset is held more or less horizontal but the user turns away from the television set while depressing a command key.  
     [0093] Further, an additional infrared emitting diode  228  is located on the rear face  206  of case  202 . Signals from this rear-mounted diode are received when the rear of the handset is held generally facing the set-top device  131 . This would occur when the user turns his head away from the television set while holding the handset to his ear. It also allows the handset to function when it is held up by the user for easy viewing of the controls on the front face  204 .  
     [0094] Handset  200  preferably is powered by a rechargeable battery or power supply  404  (FIG. 8). The battery may be recharged when the handset is not in use by placing it in a mating recharging cradle in set-top device  131  and including a pair of hot contacts which mate with contacts on case  202 . Conventional circuitry in set-top device  131  prevents overcharging of the battery. If the set-top device is integrated into the video appliance which it controls, such as a video receiver, a similar recharging cradle could be provided on the top or the side of the appliance housing. Alternatively, or in addition, a remote recharging cradle powered by line current could provide a more convenient charging location for the handset when not in use.  
     [0095] Although handset  200  is illustrated as generally flat and rectangular in shape, it may take any form as long as it is convenient and comfortable to use as described. The handset could, for example, be ergonomically contoured to more closely fit the hand and the side of the head, e.g. with a curved dumbell face.  
     [0096] Referring now to FIGS.  19 - 20 , the architecture of the integrated remote control and telephone and the set-top device  131  are schematically depicted Set-top device  131  includes a set-top controller  402 , which may be a microprocessor-based control unit for executing a series of instructions stored in memory unit  406 . Information corresponding to various screen displays associated with the video phone interface may also be stored in memory unit  406 . Controller  402  is powered by power supply  404  which is preferably a transformer for providing the voltages necessary to operate controller  402  from standard household current.  
     [0097] RF receiver  410  receives a signal, which corresponds to the voice and DTMF tone communication transmitted from handset  200  and provides a corresponding signal to set-top controller  402 . RF antenna enhances signal reception of RF receiver  410 . Local video is provided via video camera  420  which may be housed within set-top device  131  or, alternatively, installed as a separate device with a video feed to a port (not shown) in set-top box  131 . IR receiver  414  receives an IR signal, which corresponds to audio/video control and commands, from handset  200  and provides a corresponding signal to controller  402 . Controller interprets the corresponding signal and executes appropriate instructions according to a predetermined instruction set stored in memory  406 .  
     [0098] Video broadcast signals are directed via IEEE 1394 link from the ISD to tuner  408  which is controlled by controller  402  and generates a VIDEO OUT signal usable by the video appliance. In accordance with the invention, the VIDEO OUT signal may include an audio signal overlay which corresponds to a caller&#39;s voice. The ISD Ethernet link also communicates with controller  402  in order to provide various interactive services described in the applications incorporated herein by reference herein. These services may include the processing of incoming voice and data communications. Incoming voice signals are sent to set-top controller  402  via the ISD Ethernet link. Controller  402  generates a signal to RF transmitter  422  which sends the incoming voice call signal via RF link to the handset. RF receiver  410  and RF transmitter  422  may be appropriately duplexed to prevent the reception by RF receiver  410  of the signals transmitted by RF transmitter  422 .  
     [0099] Referring to FIG. 20, the architecture of the handset  200  includes handset controller  502  which is capable of executing instructions stored in memory  504  and writing thereto. A rechargeable power supply  306  provides power to operate controller and all circuitry associated with handset  200 . As described above, handset  200  is equipped with at least three infrared transmitters  516  which generate IR signals corresponding to signals or instructions sent from handset controller  502  for reception by infrared receiver  414  on set-top device  131 . Similarly, an RF transmitter is provided for generating RF signals corresponding to the instructions or signals sent by handset controller  502  to RF receiver  410  on set-top device  131 .  
     [0100] Telephone signals corresponding to incoming voice calls are received by handset via RF receiver  522  and broadcast to the listener via handset speaker  518 . In accordance with the present invention, however, the handset speaker  518  may be deactivated via user interface  508 , which, as explained above, includes an AUDIO on/off button  305 . Handset controller  502  may be provided with appropriate instructions such that, when AUDIO button  305  is set to deactivate handset speaker  318 , or when telephone volume buttons  307  are depressed to reduce the handset speaker volume to zero, the incoming voice call audio signal is no longer broadcast from the set-top device  131  to the handset, but instead is merely overlayed on the video signal sent from set-top device controller  402  to tuner  408 . This feature of the invention results in significant energy savings and prolonged life of the handset power supply  506 .  
     [0101] The caller&#39;s voice signal may originate from the set-top device or from a separate wireless phone base unit, or even from a cellular network. it will be recognized that the invention finds application to each of these wireless telephonic systems. For example, as described in the applications incorporated herein by reference, the caller&#39;s voice signal may originate from the same network as the video broadcasts, in which case the caller&#39;s voice signal originates from the set-top device  131 . In that case, the handset  200  would not require electronic circuitry for relaying the caller&#39;s voice signal back to the set-top device when the handset speaker is deactivated. Instead, the handset controller  502  would be adapted merely to transmit a control signal via transmitters  516  to the set-top device  131  such that set-top controller  402  overlays the voice signal. Since the caller&#39;s voice signal is already being processed through set-top controller  402 , there is no need to relay the caller&#39;s voice signal from the handset to the set top device  402 . On the other hand, the voice signal may originate from a source other than set-top device  131 , such as a separate wireless phone base unit (not shown). In such a case, for the audio signal to ultimately be overlayed on the video signal to the video appliance  360 , the handset controller  502  would be adapted to operate handset transmitters  516 , or possibly an RF transmitter (not shown), to convey signals recognized as a telephone audio overlay commands by the set-top device controller  402 . The controller  502  would also be adapted to subsequently forward the caller&#39;s voice signal from the handset  200  to the set-top box  131  via transmitters  516 . Thus, the caller&#39;s voice signal would be transmitted from the base station to handset  200  via RF or IR link, processed by handset controller  502 , and, in response to a user selecting the appropriate control keys on the user interface  508 , be relayed to the set-top box using an IR or RF link in response to the user selecting a predetermined volume level for the handset speaker  518 . In this manner, the invention may be utilized to conserve energy stored in the handset power supply  506  when it is desired to deactivate the handset speaker  518  and utilize the video appliance speaker to broadcast the caller&#39;s voice. It will be recognized that this aspect of the invention is applicable to wireless phone handsets which may or may not incorporate set-top device remote control features.  
     [0102] The following applications, filed concurrently herewith, are hereby incorporated by reference:  
     [0103] 1. A Hybrid Fiber Twisted-pair Local Loop Network Service Architecture,  
     [0104] 2. Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation for use in the Hybrid Fiber Twisted-pair Local Loop Network Service Architecture,  
     [0105] 3. The VisionPhone,  
     [0106] 4. VisionPhone Privacy Activator,  
     [0107] 5. VisionPhone Form Factor,  
     [0108] 6. VisionPhone Centrally Controlled User Interface With User Selectable Options,  
     [0109] 7. VisionPhone User Interface Having Multiple Menu Hierarchies,  
     [0110] 8. VisionPhone Blocker,  
     [0111] 9. VisionPhone Inter-com For Extension Phones,  
     [0112] 10. Advertising Screen Saver,  
     [0113] 11. VisionPhone FlexiView Advertising,  
     [0114] 12. VisionPhone Multimedia Announcement Answering Machine,  
     [0115] 13. VisionPhone Multimedia Announcement Message Toolkit,  
     [0116] 14. VisionPhone Multimedia Video Message Reception,  
     [0117] 15. VisionPhone Multimedia Interactive Corporate Menu Answering Machine Announcement,  
     [0118] 16. VisionPhone Multimedia Interactive On-Hold Information Menus,  
     [0119] 17. VisionPhone Advertisement When Calling Video Non-enabled VisionPhone Users,  
     [0120] 18. Motion Detection Advertising,  
     [0121] 19. Interactive Commercials,  
     [0122] 20. VisionPhone Electronic Catalogue Service,  
     [0123] 21. A Facilities Management Platform For Hybrid Fiber Twisted-pair Local Loop Network, Service Architecture,  
     [0124] 22. Multiple Service Access on Single Twisted-pair,  
     [0125] 23. Life Line Support for Multiple Service Access on Single Twisted-pair,  
     [0126] 24. A Network Server Platform (NSP) For a Hybrid Fiber Twisted-pair (HFTP) Local Loop Network Service Architecture,  
     [0127] 25. A Communication Server Apparatus For Interactive Commercial Service,  
     [0128] 26. NSP Multicast, PPV Server,  
     [0129] 27. NSP Internet, JAVA Server and VisionPhone Application Server,  
     [0130] 28. NSP WAN Interconnectivity Services for Corporate Telecommuters,  
     [0131] 29. NSP Telephone Directory White-Yellow Page Services,  
     [0132] 30. NSP Integrated Billing System For NSP services and Telephone services,  
     [0133] 31. ISD and NSP Caching Server,  
     [0134] 32. An Integrated Services Director (ISD) For HFTP Local Loop Network Service Architecture,  
     [0135] 33. ISD and VisionPhone Customer Premise Network,  
     [0136] 34. ISD Wireless Network,  
     [0137] 35. ISD Controlled Set-Top Box,  
     [0138] 36. Integrated Remote Control and Phone,  
     [0139] 37. Integrated Remote Control and Phone User Interface,  
     [0140] 38. Integrated Remote Control and Phone Form Factor,  
     [0141] 39. VisionPhone Mail Machine,  
     [0142] 40. Restaurant Ordering Via VisionPhone,  
     [0143] 41. Ticket Ordering Via VisionPhone,  
     [0144] 42. Hybrid Fiber Twisted-pair Coaxial Local Loop Network Service Architecture for Cable System,  
     [0145] 43. ISD Architectures for Integration into Cable Set-Tops,  
     [0146] 44. NSP Applied to Cable Set-Top and Cable Head-end,  
     [0147] 45. FMP Applied for Cable Set-Top and Cable Head-end,  
     [0148] 46. Set-Top Integrated VisionPhone User Interface Having Multiple Menu Hierarchies,  
     [0149] 47. Intercom For Extension Phones using ISD coupled to a Cable Network,  
     [0150] 48. Cable Connected NSP WAN Interconnectivity Services for Corporate Telecommuters,  
     [0151] 49. Cable Connected NSP Telephone Directory White-Yellow Page Services, and  
     [0152] 50. NSP Integrated Billing System For NSP services, Cable Company services and Telephone Services.  
     [0153] In addition, the following two patent applications are hereby incorporated by reference:  
     [0154] 1. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/943,312 filed Oct. 14, 1997 entitled Wideband Communication System for the Home, to Robert R. Miller, II and Jesse E. Russell, and  
     [0155] 2. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/858,170, filed May 14, 1997, entitled Wide Band Transmission Through Wire, to Robert R. Miller, II, Jesse E. Russell and Richard R. Shively.  
     [0156] While exemplary systems and methods embodying the present invention are shown by way of example, it will be understood, of course, that the invention is not limited to these embodiments. Modifications may be made by those skilled in the art, particularly in light of the foregoing teachings. For example, each of the elements of the aforementioned embodiments may be utilized alone or in combination with elements of the other embodiments.