Patent Publication Number: US-3880783-A

Title: Transparent moulding composition of a polycarbonate and a resin

Description:
United States Patent [191 Serini et al.  
 [ Apr. 29, 1975 TRANSPARENT MOULDING COMPOSITION OF A POLYCARBONATE AND A RESIN [75] Inventors: Volker Serini, Krefeld; Gert Humme; Karl-Heinz Ott, both of Leverkusen; Wolfgang Cohnen, Krefeld-Uerdingen; Hugo Vernaleken, Krefeld-Bockum, all of Germany [73] Assignee: Bayer Aktiengesellschaft,  
 Leverkusen, Germany 22 Filed: Dec. 3, 1973 211 Appl. No.: 421,233  
 [30] Foreign Application Priority Data June 9, 1973 Germany 2329646 [52] US. Cl 260/3; 260/47 XA; 260/873 Primary Examiner-Melvin Goldstein Assistant Examiner-E. A. Nielsen Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Connolly and Hutz [57] ABSTRACT A transparent moulding composition comprising a bisphenol polycarbonate having a low refractive index due to a content of alkyl substitution and a rubber and/or a resin.  
 15 Claims, No Drawings TRANSPARENT MOULDING COMPOSITION OF A POLYCARBONATE AND A RESIN This invention relates to transparent moulding compounds comprising a. 10 95 by weight of a transparent aromatic polycarbonate the linear chains of which consist to at least 50 of recurrent structural units of formula(l) R R R R 6 R R R R8 in which R which may be the same or different represent hydrogen or C, alkyl and X may represent a single bond, C to C alkylene or alkylidene or if at least one of the R substituents is a C alkyl or represents C alkylene or alkylidene if R is hydrogen and b. 5 90 by weight of a rubber and/or a transparent resin which contains rubber,  
 the difference in refractive indices between (a) and (b) being not more than 0.010.  
  In principle, the invention of these moulding compounds is based on the finding that the polycarbonates defined under (a) have very. low refractive indices, so that the requirement of substantially equal refractive index with product (b) is met.  
  Polycarbonates containing recurrent units of formula (1 are known in the art. They have been described in, inter alia, Polymer Reviews, Volume 9, Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates, by H. Schnell, lnterscience Publisher, New York, 1964 and in German Offenlegungsschriften No. 2,063,050; 2,063,052 and 2,211,957 and in German Application No. P 22 604.3. They are basically prepared from bisphenols and phosgene in known manner. In addition to bisphenols which, when used in the synthesis of polycarbonates, yield products of formula (1), other bisphenols may also be used for the purpose of the invention to yield copolycarbonates, but these should contain at least 50% of units of formula (1).  
  Mixtures of polycarbonates which contain units of formula (1) and polycarbonates which do not contain any units of formula l) are also suitable as constituent (a) of the moulding compounds provided the mixture as a whole contains at least 50 of units of formula (1).  
  Polycarbonate units of formula 1 may be based on bisphenols such, for example, as the following:  
 1 ,1-Bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-hexane,  
 l ,1-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-heptane,  
 1 1 -bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl )-octane,  
 l,1-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-nonane,  
 l, 1 -bis-( 4-hydroxyphenyl )-decane,  
 1 l -bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl )-undecane,  
 1 ,1-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-dodecane,  
 2,2-bis-( 4-hydroxyphenyl )-4-methylpentane,  
 2,2-bis-( 4-hydroxyphenyl )-hexane,  
 2 ,2-bis-( 4-hydroxyphenyl )-heptane,  
 2,2-bis-( 4-hydroxyphenyl )-octane,  
 2 ,2-bis-( 4-hydroxyphenyl )-nonane,  
 2,2-bis-( 4-hydroxyphenyl )-decane,  
 2,2-bis-( 4-hydroxyphenyl )-undec ane, 2,2-bis-( 4-hydroxyphenyl )-dodecane, 4,4-bis-( 4-hydroxyphenyl )-hexane, 4,4-bis-( 4-hydroxyphenyl )-heptane, 4,4-bis- 4-hydroxyphenyl )-octane,  
 4,4-bis-( 4-hydroxyphenyl )-nonane 4 ,4-bis-( 4-hydroxyphenyl )-decane,  
 4,4-bis-( 4-hydroxyphenyl )-undecane,  
 hydroxyphenyl )-dodecane,  
 l 1 -bis- 2,5 -dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-ethane l 1 -bis-( 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-isobutane 2,2-bis-( 3-isopropyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-propane 2,2-bis-( 3-isopropyl-4-hydroxyp henyl )-pentane 4,4-bis-( 3-isopropyl-4-hyd roxyphenyl )-h eptane,  
 a,a-bis-( 3-isopropyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-p-diisopropylbenzene,  
 a,a -bis-( 3 &#39;isopropyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-m-idisopropylbenzene,  
 bis-( 3 ,5 ,-diethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl bis-( 3 ,5 -dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-methane,  
 1 ,1-bis-(3 ,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-ethane l, 1 -bis-( 3 ,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-propane l 1 -bis-( 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-heptane,  
 l,l-bis-( 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-dodecane,  
 2 ,2-bis-( 3 ,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-propane,  
 2 ,2-bis-( 3 ,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-butane 2,2-bis-( 3 ,5 -dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-pentane,  
 2,2-bis-( 3 ,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-4- methylpentane,  
 2,4-bis- 3 ,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-2- methylbutane,  
 2,4-bis-( 3 ,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-butane 3 ,3-bis-( 3 ,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-pentane 3 ,3-bis-( 3 ,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-hexane,  
 4,4-bis-( 3 ,5-dirnethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-heptane,  
 2,2-bis-( 3 ,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-octane, 2,2-bis-( 3 ,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-decane,  
 2 ,2-bis-( 3 ,5-diethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-propane,  
 -bis-( 3 ,5-diethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-methane,  
 2,2-bis-( 3-methyl-5-propyl-4-hydroxyphenyl propane,  
 2,2-bis-( 3 ,5 -diethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-pentane,  
 4,4-bis-( 3 ,5-diethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-heptane,  
 a,a&#39;-bis-( 3 ,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-p-diisopropylbenzene,  
 0:,01 -bis-( 3 ,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-m-diisopropylbenzene,  
 a,a&#39; -bis-( 3 ,5-diethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-p-diisopropylbenzene, and a,a&#39;-bis-(3,5-diethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-m-diisopropylbenzene.  
  Bisphenols which are carrying four alkyl substituents, i.e. in each of the 0,0,0 ,0 &#39;-positions to the phenolic hydroxy groups are preferred, especially the following: 2,4-bis-( 3 ,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-2- methylbutane and 2 ,2-bis-( 3 ,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-propane.  
 4,4-bis-(4- The following are examples of bisphenols which when used in polycarbonate synthesis do not give rise to carbonate units of formula (1) but can be used for producing copolycarbonates or polycarbonates for the polycarbonate mixtures:  
 Hydroquinone,  
 resorcinol,  
 dihydroxydiphenyls,  
 bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-alkanes,  
 bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-cycloalkanes,  
  bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-sulphides, bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-ethers, bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-ketones, bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-sulphoxides, bis-(hydroxphenyl)-sulphones and a,a&#39;-bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-diisopropylbenzenes and the corresponding compounds which are alkylated or halogenated in the nucleus but do not give rise to carbonate units of formula (1). These and other suitable aromatic dihydroxy compounds have been described e.g. in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,028,365; 2,999,835; 3,148,172; 3,271,368; 2,991,273; 3,271,367; 3,780,078; 3,014,891 and 2,999,846 and in German Offenlegungsschrift No. 1,570,603.  
 The following are particularly preferred:  
 Bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-methane,  
 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane,  
 2,2-bis-( 3 ,5 -dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl )-propane,  
 2,2-bis-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane and a,a-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-p-diisopropylbenzene.  
  The polycarbonates may, of course, be branched by incorporating small quantities of polyhydroxyl compounds, e.g. 0.05 to 2.0 mols percent (based on the quantity of bisphenols). Polycarbonates of this kind have been described, e.g. in German Offenlegungsschriften No. 1,570,533; 2,116,974 and 2,113,347, in British Patents No. 885,442 and 1,079,821 and in U.S. Pat. No. 3,544,5 14. The following are some of the polyhydroxyl compounds which are suitable for this purpose: Phloroglucinol, 4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri-(4- hydroxyphenyl)-heptene-(2), 4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl )-heptane, 1 ,3 ,5-tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-benzene, 1,1,1-tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethane, tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-phenyl-methane, 2,2--bis-[4,4- (4,4-dihydroxydiphenyl)-cyclohexyl]-propane, 2,4- bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl-4-isopropyl)-phenol, 2 ,6-bis-(2- hydroxy-S &#39;-methyl-benzyl )-4-methylphenol, 2,4- dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2,4- dihydroxyphenyl)-propane and l,4-bis-(4&#39;,40&#34;- dihydroxytriphenyl-methyl)-benzene.  
 Most of the polycarbonates have molecular weights M (weight average) of 10,000 to over 200,000, preferably 20,000 to 60,000.  
  The rubbers for the purpose of this invention may be, for example, polyurethane rubbers ethylene/vinyl acetate rubbers, silicone rubbers polyether rubbers, polyalkenamer rubbers, ethylene/propylene/diene rubbers and so-called diene rubbers, i. e. hompolymers of conjugated dienes which contain from 4 to 8 carbon atoms such as butadiene, isoprene, piperylene and chloroprene, copolymers of such dienes with each other and copolymers of such dienes with other compounds, e.g. with styrene, acrylic or methacrylic compounds (e.g. acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, butyl acrylate or methylmethacrylate) or isobutylene. Rubbers which have a refractive index of n 1.50 are preferred, e.g. polybutadiene and polyisoprene, copolymers of butadiene and isoprene with styrene and acrylonitrile, and transpolypentenamers.  
  Transparent resins which contain rubber within the meaning of this invention are either transparent graft polymers into which rubber may have been mixed; transparent mixtures of graft polymers, thermoplastic resins to which rubber may be added or transparent mixtures of thermoplastic resins and rubber.  
  The total rubber content of the transparent moulding compounds according to the invention is preferably 5 to 40% by weight. It is composed of rubber which has not been grafted and which has been mixed into the transparent moulding compounds and rubber which serves as graft stock for the transparent graft polymers in the mixture.  
  Transparent graft polymers for the purpose of this invention may be obtained by grafting monomers on rubber.  
  The monomers used may be styrene and its derivatives, e.g. a-methylstyrene, a-chlorostyrene, pchlorostyrene, 2,4-dichlorostyrene, p-methylstyrene, 3,4-dimethylstyrene, oand p-divinylbenzene, p-methyl-a-methylstyrene and p-chloro-amethylstyrene, and acrylic and methyacrylic compounds, e.g. acrylic and methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, methylacrylate, ethylacrylate, npropyl and isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl and isobutylacrylate, 2-ethylhexylacrylate, methylmethacrylate, ethylmethacrylate, n-propyl and isopropylmethacrylate, nbutyl and isobutyl methacrylate, cyclohexylmethacrylate and isobornyl methacrylate and to which maleic acid anhydride may also be added. Maleic acid anhydride may be used in all cases as additional monomer but not on its own.  
  The preferred monomers are styrene, a-methylstyrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and methyl and ethyl acrylates and methacrylates. These monomers, as well as the other monomers, may be used alone or mixed with other monomers.  
  The above mentioned rubbers, for example, may be used as graft stock for producing the transparent graft polymers. Those rubbers which have been mentioned as preferred in the above list are also preferred for this purpose,  
  Thermoplastic resins is the term used here for those polymers which can be obtained by polymerisation of one or copolymerisation of several of the above mentioned monomers which can also be used for grafting. Here again, those mentioned as preferred monomers are also preferred for this purpose.  
  The rubbers, thermoplastic resins and graft polymers can be prepared by known methods of radical polymerisation, e.g. by bulk polymerisation or polymerisation in solution, suspension or emulsion or by combined process such as precipitation and bulk- /suspension processes. Polymerisation processes carried out with the aid of organometallic mixed catalysts (Ziegler-Natta catalysts) are also known.  
  The polymer mixtures of this invention may be prepared by various methods. The polymers used as starting materials may all be dissolved together in a solvent or solvent mixture. The polymer mixture can be obtained by precipitating all the polymers together by the addition of a non-solvent or by introducing the solution of polymers dropwise into a precipitating agent or by removal of the solvent by evaporation.  
  lf desired, some polymers may be misxd separately before all the components of the composition are finally mixed. Thus, for example, latices of a resinous copolymer (e.g. styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer) and of a rubber (e.g. butadiene/acrylonitrile copolymer) may be mixed by joint precipitation before they are blended with the polycarbonate to form the final moulding compound.  
  The polymers used as starting materials may also be mixed in the form of solvent-free melts in mixing apparatus such as extruders, internal kneaders or mixing rollers. Mixing may also be achieved by preparing some polymers which are constituents of the mixture in the presence of other polymers, and this may be carried out in such a way that the first mentioned polymers are at least partly grafted on the high molecular weight polymers in whose presence they are prepared. Thus, for example, styrene may be polymerised by radical polymerisation in the presence of polycarbonate and polybutadiene. This polymerisation may be carried out by various known methods (solution, bead, emulsion or block polymerisation).  
  The rubber component generally forms a separate phase which is distributed in the polymer matrix. The rubber may be in the form of individual globlets or several globlets agglomerated together or in the form of other regular or irregular particles or conglomerates or particles or also in the form of a network in which other polymers may be embedded. The particle diameter is generally 0.01 20 pm, preferably 0.06 pm. The particles may be of one or of more types differing substantially from each other in shape, size and size distribution depending on the method of preparation of the polymer mixture and the choice of its components. Due to differences in the physical make up of the rubber phases, polymer mixtures which contain the same rubber component and also have otherwise the same composition may yet differ from each other intheir properties, e.g. their toughness, weld line strength and surface gloss. Thus, for example, the surface gloss of injection mouldings is better if the rubber particles are very small than if they are coarse and, conversely, both toughness and weld line strength are greater in the case of coarser rubber particles than in the case of small particles.  
  Particularly high weld line strength in observed with rubber particles very irregular in size and shape, as, for example, in polymer mixtures containing non-grafted rubber. Very high weld line strength is also obtained if the rubber component is a graft polymer having particle sizes of 0.8 to 10 [1,, e.g. graft made by bulk/suspension polymerisation (network structure). Rubber distributed in the form of agglomerates, e. g. agglomerates of very small rubber globlets is also advantageous as it provides for excellent weld line strength and high gloss, provided the agglomerate particle size does not exceed a certain limit.  
  Total rubber content is also influencing the properties of the polymer mixtures. If two mixtures contain rubber distributed in substantially the same form, toughness and weld line strength increase with increasing rubber content while the modulus of elasticity decreases.  
  While the rubber component generally forms a sepa rate phase in the polymer mixtures of this invention, the other polymer components of the mixture may form a common phase in which the various polymers are distributed practically in molecular dispersion, or  
 they may form several phases each of which may consist of a mixture of various polymers in practically molecular dispersion.  
  In order to obtain transparent moulding compounds the rubbers and rubber modified transparent thermoplastic resins must have a refractive index not differing too much from the refractive index of the polycarbonate used; the two refractive indices should generally differ by not more than 0.010 units from each other to guarantee transparency. A moulding compound is defined as being transparent when a layer 1 mm in thickness has a total scattered light transmission Tp (according to DIN 5036 and DIN 4646) of at least 50. Compounds of which layers 4 mm in thickness have a Tp of at least 50 are preferred. Those which have Tp values above in layers 4 mm in thickness are particularly preferred.  
  Transparent polycarbonate based moulding compounds of the described type have not been described before. Known polymer mixtures of polycarbonates based on bisphenol A and ABS polymers or butadiene/styrene polymers (high impact polystyrene) (see German Pat. No. 1,109,884 and 1,170,141) are not transparent.  
  Transparent ABS and BS graft polymers are also known but their alloys with bisphenol A based polycarbonate are not transparent because the refractive indices are very different from each other. One well known condition for transparency of polyphasic polymer mixtures such as those mentioned above is substantial equality of the refractive indices of the polymer constituents. It is known to the art that polycarbonates have very high refractive indices as far as transparent thermoplastic resins are concerned. Polycarbonates previously investigated were found to have refractive indices of r1 1.56 to 1.65 (see Kunststoff-Handbuch 1972, Carl hauser Verlag, Munich, Volume VIII). For this reason, it has up to now appeared impossible to produce usable transparent mixtures of polycarbonates and ABS or butadiene/styrene graft polymers. It has now been established that polycarbonates produced from certain bisphenols have extremely low refractive indices, more specifically that refractive indices, can be even below r2 1.56 if the bisphenols contain a high proportion of aliphatic carbon atoms. Another surprising finding was that the refractive indices are especially low in polycarbonates obtained from o,o,0,otetraalkyl substituted bisphenols. Though transparent polymer alloys could, e.g. be obtained from such low refractive index polycarbonates and ABC graft polymers or butadiene/styrene graft polymers by adjusting them to a practically identical refractive index. Alloys which contain polycarbonates based on o,o,o,o&#39;- tetraalkyl substituted bisphenols are particularly remarkable because they arenot only highly transparent but also have high softening temperatures and excellent stability to saponification by aqueous alkalies and acids. Compared with the non-transparent mixtures of bisphenol-A-polycarbonates previously known, they have improved compatibility (reflected e.g. in higher yield points 0&#39;, in their stress-strain diagram and astonishingly high weld line strength) and higher moduli of elasticity. They also have high impact strength and notched impact strength and high tracking resistane, are easily processed, have high structural viscosity and low susceptibility to stress crackling. The compositions found constitute a new class of transparent synthetic resins with a unique combination of properties not found in other transparent synthetic resins such as polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, transparent ABS and transparent polyamide, polycarbonate and polysulphone.  
 EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of the polycarbonate component The polycarbonates shown in the Table were obtained from phosgene and the given bisphenols by interfacial polycondensation, using phenols as chain limiting agents, e.g. as described in polymer reviews, Volume 9, Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates by H. Schnell, lnterscience Publishers, New York, 1964 and in German Offenlegungsschriften No. 2,063,050 and 2,211,957 and in German Pat. Applications No. P 22 48 817.1 and P 22 04 380.7  
 e parts by weight of the sodium salt of disproportionated abietic acid and p parts by weight of potassium persulphate are introduced into a pressure resistant vessel equipped with a stirrer. The air is displaced by introducing nitrogen and the internal temperature of the vessel is adjusted to approximately 60C.  
 r parts by weight of dodecylmercaptan are added, followed by b parts by weight of butadiene and s parts by weight of styrene.  
 After termination of polymerisation, small quantities of unreacted butadiene are removed by stirring the latex under reduced pressure. Details of individual runs are tabulated in Table 2.  
 (90.5 pans were introduced at the beginning of polymerisation and further 1.0 parts were added in the course of polymerisation @d average diameter of latex particles .ml  
 Table EXAMPLE 3 Pr polycarbonates eparatlon of graft polymers Example Polycarbonatc Ranopf u- The rubber latices of Example 2 were diluted with constituents &#34;D demlnerallsed water so that they contalned a TMBPA-PC 31 ,000 1.546 b imggkpl 0,2; 32.000 1.543 g parts by welght of rubber per c BPA- 7 parts PC-mixture by weight 30,000 1.554 175 parts by welght of water&#39; d TMBPJ/BPA-CPC 75 molar 0.5 parts by welght of potassium persulphate were parts 30,000 1.556 e TMBPA TCBPA 83/17 molar added to the water used for dllutlng the latex. The air pc pans 31,000 1,553 was dlsplaced by nltrogen and the reactlon mlxture PC Polywrbonate heated to 65C. CPC copolycarbonate TMBPA 2,2-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphcnyl)-propane 2.0 parts by weight of alkylsulphate, dissolved ln TMBPJ it? 25 parts by weight of demineralised water and the U ne BpA =2,2 biS (4 hydroxyphenyl) pmpane total monomer charge tabulated ln Table 2 (sty- TCBPA 2,2-bis-(3,5-dichloro4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane molecular weight of BPA-PC (molecular weight of rene methyl methacrylate and acrylommle) M y p 1 per g parts by weight of rubber were introduced 5.12,;2353133 ;8l: average) through separate inlets within about 4 hours. Stirring was contlnued for further 2 hours at C to complete EXAMPLE 2 the reaction. Preparation of grafting bases The resulting graft polymer latex was coagulated with 2 of magneslum sulphate solutlon, the coagulate sep- A solutlon of arated, washed free from salt and dried under vacuum w parts by weight of salt-free water, 55 at to C Table 3 Grafting base g-Parts by Parts by Parts by Parts by refractive latex from weight of weight of weight of weight of index Run Example 2 nlbber styrene methyl acrylon No. Run No. methacrylate nitrile 6 l 65 35 1.544 7 5 48 52 1.555 8 l 55 33 12 1.542 9 5 30 52 18 1.555 10 1 34.3 39.3 11.2 15.2 1.544 11 4 94 1.543 12 4 65 35 1.554 13. 4 84 ll 5 1.545 14 4 42 42 16 1.557 15 4 60 19.6 15.4 5.0 1.542 16 4 20.5 50.5 9.5 19.5  
 EXAMPLE 4 Preparation of thermoplastic copolymers strand delivered from the extruder was cooled and granulated.  
 EXAMPLE 5 Mixture of TMBPA-PC and TMBPJ-PC with various graft polymers.  
  TMBPA- and TMBPJ-polycarbonate from Examples la and lb were mixed with various graft polymers from The aqueous solution is heated to 65C and the air is Example 3 in weight ratios of 50 50 and 60 40, re-  
 displaced with nitrogen. An emulsifier solution of spectively, via their solvent-free melts.  
 Table 5 Example TMBPA-PC TMBPJ-PC Graft polymer refractive Transparent u 1.546 n 1.543 from Example 3 index n of mixture Run (parts by (parts by Run Parts by graft polymer No. weight) weight) No. weight a 60 6 40 1.544 yes b 60 10 40 1.544 c 50 13 50 1.545 d 60 8 40 1.542 e 5O 8 50 1.542 f 50 l l 50 1.543 g 6O 15 40 1.543  
  parts by weight of demineralised water and EXAMPLE 6 1.2 parts by weight of the sodium salt of a disproportionated resinic acid and a monomer mixture of the composition shown in Table 3 are added through two separate inlets over a period of about 4 hours.  
  Stirring is continued for further 2 hours at 65C to complete the reaction. The resulting copolyrner latex is coagulated with 2 magnesium sulphate solution, the  
 Mixtures of copolycarbonates and polycarbonate mixtures with various graft polymers The TMBPA-PC/BPA-polcarbonate mixture from Table 6 Example TMBPA-PC/BPA- TMBPJIBPA-CPC TMBPA/TCBPA- Graft polymer from Transparent CPC 6 mixture n 1.556 m, 1.553 Example 3 mixture Run m, 1.554 (parts by (parts by Run Parts n No. (parts by weight) weight) weight) No. by wt.  
 a 7 50 1.555 yes coagulate is separated off, washed free from salt and 50 EXAMPLE 7 dried under vacuum at to C.  
 Mixtures of polycarbonates and graft polymers in various proportions The polycarbonates, rubbers graft polymers and ther- TMBPA- and TMBPJ-polycarbonate and moplastic copolymers of the mixtures in Examples 5 to 5 TMBpA/BpA-copolycarbonate from Examples 10, 1b  
 9 are described in Examples 1 to 4. The polycarbonate and the other polymer components were mixed in a double screw extruder at 220 to 260C. The polymer and 1d were mixed with various graft polymers from Example 3 in various weight ratios, namely 70 30, 50 50 and 40 60 via their solvent-free melt.  
 Table 7 Example Polycarbonate n poly- Graft polymer n graft Transparent 7 carbonate from Example 3 polymer mixture Run No. Run No.  
 a TMBPA-PC 1.546 6 1.544 yes b TMBPJ-PC 1.543 15 1.543 c TMBPJ/BPA-CPC 1.556 9 1.555  
 EXAMPLE 8 TMBPJ-polycarbonate from Examples lb and Mixtures of polycarbonates with rubbers and thermoplastic copolymers TMBPA- and TMBPJ-polycarbonate and TMBPA/BPA-copolycarbonate from Examples la, lb and 10 were mixed with mixtures of various rubbers from Examples 2 and thermoplastic resins from Example 4, via the solvent-free melts. For details see Table 8.  
 EXAMPLE 9 Mixtures of polycarbonates graft polymers and TMBPA-PC/BPA-PC mixture from Example 10 were mixed with mixtures of graft polymers from Example 3 and thermoplastic copolymers from Example 4, via the solvent-free melts. For details see Table 9.  
 EXAMPLE 10 Some properties of transparent TMBPA- polycarbonate/graft polymer mixtures of this invention compared with those of BPA-polycarbonate/ graft polymer mixtures The polymer mixtures shown in the Table were prepared from the solvent-free melts as already described thermoplastic copolymers b Table 8 Example Polycarbonate Rubber Thermoplastic Total mixture 8 Type n 0 Run n copolymer PC/rubber/thermo- Run No. No. Example 4 mi plastic copolymer Run No. Parts by Transparency weight a TMBPA-PC 1.546 2 1.544 17 1.544 /20/40 yes b TMBPJ-PC 1.543 2 1.544 19 1.543 40/20/40 c TMBPJ/ 1.556 3 1.557 18 1.558 40/20/40 BPA-CPC d TMBPJ/ 1.556 3 1.557 20 1.557 40/20/40 BPA-CPC Table 9 Example Polycarbonate Graft polymer Thermoplastic Total mixture Transparency 9 Type n Example 3 n copolymer n PC/rubber/ Run Run Example 4 thermoplastic No. No. Run copolymer No. (parts by wt.)  
 a TMBPJ-PC 1.543 10 .544 19 1.543 40/40/20 yes b TMBPA-PC/ 1.554 12 1.554 18 1.558 /30/20 BPA-PC mixture Table 10 Example PC/graft by weight by weight CSS E-modulus Vicat yield Sapon- Trans- 10 polymer rubber in polycarbon- (cmkp/cm) (kplcm A(C) point ificaparency Run mixture mixture ate in mix- 0, tion No. ture (kplcm stability a from Ex. 5a 26 11 15,000 171 480 a h TMBPA-PC/ graft polymer b from Ex. 5d 22 6O 9 16,500 178 520 a h TMBPA-PC/ graft polymer c BPA-PC/graft 26 60 5 13,000 390 d o polymer mixture, graft polymer as in Example 5a I Table l-Continued Example PC/graft by weight 7v by weight CSS E-modulus Vicat yield Sapon- TranslO polymer rubber in polycarbon- (cmkp/cm&#34;) (kp/cm A(C point ificaparency Run mixture mixture ate in mix- (r tion No. ture (kplcm stability d BPA-PC/graft 22 60 9 l4,600 l 38 410 d c polymer mixture, graft polymer as in Example 5d Legend:  
 Column 2: Mixtures Example I01- and Example l0d are comparison mixtures for comparison with mixtures Example I0 and Example ltlh.  
 Column 5: CSS weld line strength. determined as follows: A small standard test bar is injection moulded by introducing polymer melt from both ends of the mould so that a weld line is formed in the middle of the bar: impact strength is then determined in accordance with DIN 53 453.  
 Columns 6, 7 and 8: The E-modulus. heat distortion (Vicat A) and yield point (in) of the stress-strain diagram were determined according to DIN 53 455. DIN 53 Mill/A and DIN 53 453 respectivelyv Column 9: The saponifieation stability was tested by immersion for l00 hours in boiling 7: aqueous NaOH and for 500 hours in concentrated ammonia solution at C. The results were approximately the same in both media. u almost unchanged, (I substantially destroyed.  
 Column l0: It highly transparent o opaque We claim: 1. A transparent moulding compound which comprises a. 10 to 95 by weight of a transparent aromatic polycarbonate the linear chains of which consist to at least 50 of recurrent structural units of for- 25 mula (1) R R R 0- X -Z;-O- C (1) R R R R in which R, to R which may be the same or different, represent hydrogen or alkyl and X represents a single bond, a C to C alkylene or alkylidene groupor H l 3 c Qf if at least one of the R to R substituents is an alkyl group or represents a C to C alkylene or alkylidene group if R to R is hydrogen and b. 5 to 90 by weight of a transparent rubber and/or a transparent resin which contains rubber, the difference in refractive indices between (a) and (b) being not more than 0.010.  
  2. A moulding compound as claimed in claim 1 in which, in the general formula (1) of claim 1, R to R represents hydrogen or a C to C alkyl group.  
  3. A moulding compound as claimed in claim 1, in which in the general formula l R R R and R represent C C alkyl, R R R and R represent H, and X represents C C alkylene or alkylidene.  
  4. A moulding compound as claimed in claim 1, in which the structural units of the formula (1 are based on 2,4-bis-( 3 ,5 -dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-2- methylbutane or 2,2-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane.  
  5. A moulding compound as claimed in claim 1, in which the polycarbonate (a) contains up to 50 of structural units based on bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- methane; 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane; 2,2bis- (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane or a.oz&#39;-bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl)-p.diisopropylbenzene.  
  6. A moulding compound as claimed in claim 1, in which the polycarbonate (a) is branched by the incorporation of small quantities of polyhydroxyl compound.  
  7. A moulding compound as claimed in claim 6 in which the polycarbonate contains from 0.05 to Z0 mols percent of polyhydroxyl compound.  
  8. A moulding compound as claimed in claim 1, in which the polycarbonate (a) has a molecular weight of from 10,000 to 200,00.  
  9. A moulding compound as claimed in claim 8, in which the polycarbonate (a) has a molecular weight of from 20,000 to 60,000.  
  10. A moulding compound as claimed in claim 1, in which the rubber (b) has a refractive index of 11,, 1.50.  
  11. A moulding compound as claimed in claim 1, in which the rubber is polybutadiene, polyisoprene, a copolymer of butadiene or isoprene with styrene and/or acrylonitrile or a transpolypentenamer.  
  12. A moulding compound as claimed in claim 1, in which the component (b) is a transparent graft polymer into which rubber has been mixed, a transparent mixture of a graft polymer, a thermoplastic resin and rubber or a transparent mixture of a thermoplastic resin and rubber, said thermoplastic resin being a homopolymer or copolymer of styrene, a-methylstyrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, methylacrylate, methylmethacrylate, ethylacrylate or ethylmethacrylate.  
  13. A moulding compound as claimed in claim 1, in which the component (b) is a transparent graft polymer or transparent mixture of a graft polymer and a thermoplastic resin, said thermoplastic resin being a homopolymer or copolymer of styrene, a-methylstyrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, methylacrylate, methylmethacrylate, ethylacrylate or ethylmethacrylate.  
  14. A moulding compound as claimed in claim 1, in which the total rubber content is between 5 and 40 by weight.  
  15. A moulding compound as claimed in claim 12 in which the graft polymer is obtained by grafting one or several of the monomers styrene, a-methylstyrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, methylacrylate, methylacrylate, ethylacrylate and ethylmethacrylate onto a diene rubber.