Patent Publication Number: US-9847076-B1

Title: Tremolo spring and stabilizer tuner

Description:
GENERAL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In a stringed musical instrument, such as a guitar, the strings, placed under tension, extend unsupported between a first critical point usually formed by the nut positioned where the neck joins the head and a second critical point usually formed by a clearly defined point on the bridge positioned on the body. The strings are secured or fixed at one end on the body of the instrument to what is traditionally known as the tailpiece, strung over the bridge and extended past the nut at the transition from the neck instrument to the head, and, for conventional instruments, secured at the other end to the tuning pegs where a string is tensioned and adjusted to a tuned pitched condition, tensioned for play, or, simply, tuned condition; sometimes a nut arrangement is provided for a headless or tuning peg-less design. The neck further comprises a fingerboard or fret board that a player presses the strings against to play various pitches up and down the neck; the fingerboard typically is formed with a convex radius that commonly varies between 9″ and 16″. 
     The second critical point can be created as a part of a bridge or combined bridge and tailpiece structure. Traditionally, the size of the bridge element is quite small so as to create a clearly defined single point of contact between the string and the bridge element. It is between these two points that the playable string length is typically determined, sometimes referred to as the scale length or harmonic length. Adjusting the relative distance between the first and second critical points is called harmonic tuning or setting the intonation. Some bridges structures are individually adjustable, that is for each string, relative to the nut for achieving a more precise harmonic tuning. Usually this adjustment of the second critical point for harmonic tuning is carried out first and then the strings of the instrument are tuned to playing pitch. Often referred to the “initial setup”, it is not uncommon that further adjustment of the harmonic tuning is necessary for a variety of reasons, for example, including changing the brand of a string where the alloy of the strings is varied or when the gauge of strings the player chooses changes as well as “setting” the string by manually pulling on the string along the scale length in order to improve elasticity in the string at first tensioning before the string can confidently relied on to hold proper playing pitch during the life of the string. 
     Often the typical construction of the strings, particularly for guitar and bass, includes a plain end and, on the other end, a “ball end” which being a washer-like addition is wrapped by the string itself into a larger form to enable “fixing” or securing the string on the instrument to the tailpiece element; alternatives to the “ball end” include as known to those of ordinary skill in the art as “bullet ends” formed from metal and molded around the end of the string. The tailpiece is usually provides for an opening or recess sufficient in size to receive the strings of various diameters ranging from 0.007″ to 0.070″ or more while being smaller than the diameter of the ball end so as to limit the passing of the ball end through the opening or recess in order to secure or mount each of the individual strings to the body. The wrapping usually extends up to a ½″ towards the plain end and as such the position of the tailpiece structure relative to the bridge element must insure that the wrapping does not extend over the second critical point when arranged on the instrument; this wrapping, under normal circumstances, is not subject to stretch compared to the rest of the string. In the relevant art, “anchoring” strings is often referred to as attaching or securing a string and understood with the limitation that the anchoring is sufficient so that the string is fixedly attached or secured to the instrument under the typical tensioned conditions of the string that typically range from 16 to 20 lbs or greater. Stable fine adjustments of these and other elements have been a longstanding problem for stringed musical instruments. 
     Additionally, the popularity of guitars and other multi-stringed instruments having more than the typical 6 strings and/or using longer scale lengths, etc. are capable of a greater pitch range which creates the need for strings of a larger diameter. One solution is to utilize “taper core strings” that have one or two less layers of wrap near the “ball end” of the string to go over the bridge elements. Further, a “taper wound” string simply tapers away these layers of wrap as near the ball-end of the string, so the part that goes over the bridge has a smaller diameter. “Exposed core” strings taper down to the core itself, so the core goes over the bridge and lowers the action and increases sustain/resonance. These designs are often seen on B strings, typically a low string on a five string bass, for example. The logic is that a taper core string, etc. approach will help with intonating a larger diameter string. In some of these cases the strings are mounted to tailpiece portion by inserting the string through or over the bridge elements to avoid complications due to increased string diameter. The larger diameters can be problematic given the dimensions of vintage systems. 
     Playing pitch or proper playing pitch or pitched string condition is generally understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to be the proper pitch of a guitar string relative to the remaining guitar strings when a guitar is played “in tune.” For example, in a standard tuning arrangement, for a six string guitar, based on the standard A=440 Hz, the playing pitch of the 1 st  string (highest) is tuned to note E (329.63 Hz), the playing pitch of the 2 nd  string is tuned to note B (294.94 Hz), the playing pitch of the 3 rd  string is tuned to note G (196.00 Hz), the playing pitch of the 4 th  string is tuned to note d (146.83 Hz), the playing pitch of the 5 th  string is tuned to note A (110 Hz), and the playing pitch of the 6 th  string is tuned to note E (82.41 Hz). 
     In the Proelsdorfer U.S. Pat. No. 2,304,597, string tensioning devices placed on the tailpiece for fine tuning the pitch of the strings of violins, guitars and the like, were disclosed; such pitch adjustment is quite limited in range, comprising generally an interval falling between that of a whole tone and a major third at best, and designed to offer the tuning of the strings a minor adjustment of pitch after the general tuning is achieved with the tuning pegs on the head of the instrument which traditionally first provides for raising and adjusting the tension of the strings to pitch from an untensioned condition and then setting the string. This is regarded as fine tuning and the apparatus for doing so, the “fine tuners”, usually comprise an adjustment knob or thumb screw. 
     It is known to those skilled in stringed musical instrument design and construction that various tremolos have been proposed and utilized for varying the tension of all the strings simultaneously for the purpose of creating a tremolo sound. Further, it is known to those skilled in the art that there are a great many commonly used names for such devices, such as tremolo, tremolo device, tremolo tailpiece, tremolo bridge, fulcrum tremolo, fulcrum tremolo bridge, fulcrum tremolo tailpiece, fulcrum tremolo bridge-tailpiece, vibrato, vibrato bridge, vibrato tailpiece, vibrato bridge tailpiece, etc. 
     In one specific species, known as the fulcrum tremolo, first introduced in Fender U.S. Pat. No. 2,741,146 (“Fender &#39;146”) shows and provides a device comprising a novel structure, which incorporates the bridge and the tailpiece. The portion supporting the bridge elements is called the bridge plate or the base plate. Further, both the bridge and the tailpiece elements connected to the base plate both move together as the fulcrum tremolo device is pivoted. Typically, in order to facilitate the fulcrum tremolo pivoting about its fulcrum axis, counter springs, as a biasing element, are utilized to counteract or counter balance the pull of the strings. Accordingly, a singular and defining aspect of the fulcrum tremolo is that the harmonic tuning is upset as the device is pivoted; and, accordingly, for an instrument equipped with a fulcrum tremolo, it is unique in that only restoring all of the strings to a proper pitched condition also simultaneously restores the harmonic tuning for all the strings. The base plate upon which the individual bridge elements are adjustably secured has a beveled ridge portion which is secured to the instrument body by six screws permitting pivotal movement about a fulcrum axis which varies the tension on the strings and produces the desired “tremolo effect”; in general, this device allowed for extensive dropping down of the pitch of all the strings and a modest upward capacity that further enabled the familiar mild pedal steel or Hawaiian guitar vibrato effect provided in gentle pivoting. 
     In this first vintage fulcrum tremolo, herein referred to as Type I, the metal bridge elements of Fender &#39;146 are loosely held in place by a spring loaded attachment screw arrangement pivotally secured through openings in a small folded portion of the base plate farthest from the fulcrum axis. The bridge elements also incorporate set screws for varying the relative height of the bridge elements and, therefore, height of the respective second critical points relative to the base plate and by extension, to the body and neck. 
     The fulcrum tremolo is generally defined to have a base plate pivotally mounted to the body of the instrument and an “inertia block” or “tone block” or “spring block” that extends transverse the direction of the strings 90° to the base plate. The instrument body is fashioned to include a single body cavity comprising two distinctive sections. There is 1) an approximate 3.00″×1.00″, generally rectangular, transverse the direction of the strings, traditional “tremolo pocket” or “trem pocket” extending generally perpendicular from the top surface of the body to meet at 90° providing two approximate 3.00″ wide opposing faces, a first face closer the nut and a second face further the nut; and 2) the traditional, generally rectangular, approximate 4.00″×2.25″×0.775″ deep, cutout extending in the direction of the strings in the back of the instrument body, a “spring pocket”, to receive the spring arrangement. The spring block has a first surface closet the nut and a second surface, each surface generally perpendicular to the top of the instrument and generally parallel to the tremolo pocket first and second face. Although there are differences in specifications from one instrument manufacturer to another for the various designs of the fulcrum tremolos that are available, there is approximately 0.125″ to 0.250″ clearance, between the spring block and the tremolo pocket face closest to the nut, to provide for upward pitch change as the spring block pivots towards the nut. Counter springs are usually connected to the body of the instrument at one end and, on the other end, to a separate spring attachment means transverse the base plate, usually a block of metal, milled or cast or a combination of the two, which being secured to the bottom of the base plate by three screws 90 degrees to the base plate, is often called a spring block or inertia block. 
     The typical spring arrangement includes, in addition to the biasing springs connected to the spring block, a “spring claw” to receive the other end of the biasing element secured by two wood screws to adjust the position of the spring claw relative to the body for a simple but cumbersome adjustment method. There is ample room for the spring block to pivot freely within the “tremolo pocket” cavity during use. 
     One of the most troublesome problems with prior art for the fulcrum tremolo has been maintaining the “initial position” achieved at “initial setup” when all the strings are brought to proper playing pitch as the harmonic tuning is achieved. When a musician plays on the string there is usually some kind of string stretch over time that results in the overall tuning, and thereby, the “initial position” going out of balance. Specifically, when the pitch of the string changes, the position of the fulcrum tremolo and the position of the second critical point relative to the nut changes which then instantly alters the harmonic tuning. This is especially problematic if a string breaks with this type of tremolo; since the missing force otherwise created by the tension of the broken string allows the entire tremolo to be subject to the known “backward tilt”, all the remaining strings are un-manageably sharp in pitch and the harmonic relationship to the fret placement and scale length is distorted, generally, to an undesirable degree. Furthermore, when the tremolo base plate tilts forward, the spring block tilts away from the nut; and when the tremolo base plate tilts rearward, the spring block tilts towards the nut. 
     This singular characteristic adds complexities in obtaining the primary goal of achieving a stable equilibrium, initial position, between the force of the tension provided by the use of two to five biasing or counter springs (connecting between the tremolo and the body) in relation to the force of tension of all the strings (connected to the fulcrum tremolo and the end of the neck at the peg head by the tuning pegs or an optional nut arrangement that secures the strings without tuning pegs, etc.) 
     Accordingly, these and other inherences need to be addressed in achieving a true and lasting initial position for the fulcrum tremolo and has been the object of many inventions. In this inherent inter-dependant system of tensioning forces, contrary to the requirements of other tremolo or fixed bridge arrangements, (in the ideal instance where the essential conditions of the initial setup have been established and the appropriate tensioning force of the springs provisioned), the precise tensioning to proper playing pitch for any less than the total number of strings will inherently fail to achieve pitch and harmonic tuning for all of those strings attached to the tremolo. 
     Often the pivot is subject to wear and the tremolo does not always return to its initial position. Great care is required to establish the initial position, since both aspects of adjustment are interactive for “floating tremolo setups”, and since it simultaneously provides both the proper harmonic tuning and proper pitch tuning for each of the individual strings in order to enable a lasting “initial setup”. 
     Therefore, for stringed musical instruments, as is known to those skilled in the art:
         The second critical point is a clearly defined point on the bridge or individual bridge elements, the adjustment of which relative to the first critical point on the nut defines the length of the string or scale length and the adjustment of which is called harmonic tuning.       

     For fulcrum tremolos as originated by Fender U.S. Pat. No. 2,741,146, when pivoted:
         Both the bridge portions and the string anchoring means, the tailpiece, simultaneously move about a common fulcrum axis;   The harmonic tuning is upset and is only restored when all strings are at proper playing pitch;   The tuning pegs or other means of tensioning the strings are inter-dependant with each other in obtaining initial position; and   Various factors can disturb the equilibrium point between the tension of the strings and the tension of the counter springs and as a consequence disturb the initial position.       

     For those fulcrum tremolos equipped with fine tuners as with Rose U.S. Pat. No. 4,497,236, Storey U.S. Pat. No. 4,472,750 and Fender U.S. Pat. No. 4,724,737:
         The bridge and tailpiece portions simultaneously move about the fulcrum axis when the device is pivoted for the tremolo effect;   The fine tuner screws simultaneously move with the bridge and tailpiece portions about the tuning axis when fine tuning; and   Fine tuners are designed to offer the tuning of the strings a minor adjustment of pitch after the general tuning is first achieved, typically, by the tuning pegs on the head of the instrument; and   Adjusting the tension of a string by the fine tuner knob alone simultaneously adjusts the harmonic and pitch tuning and can achieve tuning a string to proper pitch conditions while simultaneously achieving proper harmonic tuning.
 
Improvements to the Fender &#39;146 fulcrum tremolo have included Rose&#39;s “string clamps” at the nut, installed along with a “string tree” for some guitars, a horizontal bar positioned between the tuners and the “locking nut” arrangement, to facilitate stability and “string clamps” at a point on the opposite side of the intonation point or second critical point on each of the bridge elements relative to the nut in order to limit string stretch to the prime vibratory portion of the string within these two points defining the scale length.
       

     Knife Edge Pivots for the Fulcrum Tremolo 
     Rose (U.S. Pat. No. 4,171,661) shows adopting a novel shaped beveled edge to the base plate, called a “knife edge”, adjustably supported by two screw-like members, referred to generally as riser posts, positioned in the body to collectively improve the return to initial position after pivoting the fulcrum tremolo device. The knife edge fulcrum pivot arrangement provides for the base plate to be positioned generally parallel to the instrument body, often referred to as a “floating tremolo”, for example, and offered the novel possibility to substantively increase the tension of the string for upward pitch changes by rocking the base plate “rearward towards the body” with the arm. The inclusion of iterations of Fender &#39;146, herein referred to as Type I, to include, similar to Rose, a knife-edge design on the leading edge, closest to the nut, of the base plate with a riser post arrangement adjustably connected to the fulcrum tremolo, herein referred to as Type II. 
     These two vintage fulcrum tremolos of the last century, Fender in the 50&#39;s and Rose in the 70/80&#39;s, are in part distinguished by the differing standards for the placement of the riser posts, that receive each of the knife-edges to create a pivot axis, relative to both first critical point on the nut as well as the second critical point on the bridge element. Accordingly, there are differences in the body pocket but less so for the cutout that receives the biasing springs and the distance from the face of the spring block nearest the nut to the corresponding face of the tremolo pocket. 
     DETAILED BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The Stopped Tremolo 
     It is also known that many musicians, despite having the requisite hardware on their stringed instrument to enable a “floating tremolo” setup, intentionally choose to “block” or “stop” the fulcrum tremolo from being tilted “rearward” in order to remove the potential for an unwanted increase in pitch of the strings. This condition or setup is commonly referred to as a “blocked tremolo” or “stopped tremolo”—accordingly, the stop is considered a “hard” stop when it completely prevents pivoting the tremolo in one direction when at initial position. Additionally, as a significant part of this setup, increasing the overall tension of the biasing element past the minimum force required to make initial contact with a “hard” stop at initial position, is required to compensate for the increases in force in the tension string during bending notes, etc. meeting at least three objectives: 1) when a string breaks, the tremolo stop will ensure initial position, so that tremolo does not tip rearward and the rest of the strings do not go up in pitch, despite the missing counter balancing force of the un-tensioned or broken string, 2) ensuring the tremolo returns to initial position after radical use no matter what—to eliminate, among other things indigenous to the floating tremolo, the maintenance and care of initial position over time defined by the delicate balance of the forces and related wear and tear over time and 3) to make the tremolo less likely to be activated unintentionally compared to a floating tremolo, useful in general, for strumming, and makes double stops much more accessible when the force of the biasing element is increased. Tremolo stops of this nature have been created by small pieces of wood, plastic, etc. approximately 0.125″˜0.250 or so thick which have been placed in the tremolo pocket between the spring block and the face of the tremolo pocket closest to the nut—even in “emergency” situations, a stack of guitar picks taped to the inertia block&#39;s face closest to the nut, in sufficient dimensions, can used for an evening, if need be. 
     Further, stopping a floating tremolo is common to meet the demands of auxiliary tension adjustment mechanisms: U.S. Pat. No. 5,359,144 (“&#39;144”) 10/94 to Robert Benson. Commercialized as the “D-tuna” mechanism for the “double-locking” Floyd Rose tremolos, the mechanism is designed to quickly re-tension the 6 th  string from standard “E” down a whole step to “D” for “drop-tunings”, i.e., instances where the pitch of at least one string is varied compared to standard tuning—the dynamics of the forces of tension between the strings and springs require, for optimal usage, a stopped tremolo:
         A pitch changing apparatus, providing bi-stable operation within a tremolo system which produces two distinct pitches for selected strings . . .       

     In the Abstract:
         The tension correcting mechanism is manually rotated to adjustable stop positions of required spring counter-tension, thereby keeping all strings in tune under conditions of changed total string tension.       

     Van Halen: (http://www.dtuna.com/faq.php):
         Why do the other strings go out of tune when I drop to D?   The bridge must be stabilized first. This is done by blocking the bridge so it cannot pull up. If your bridge is stabilized and the other strings are still going out of tune, you may need to increase the overall “spring tension” by moving the spring claw further from the block.       

     Accordingly, it is recommended by Van Halen that the “D-Tuna” device of &#39;144 works better with an additional element or mechanism that will provide a “hard” stop the tremolo when the 6 th  string is tuned to “D”, the lower of the two target pitches; and, in order to ensure initial position of the fulcrum tremolo at the higher target pitch, since a hard stop requires increasing the overall force of the biasing element sufficient to compensate for the small increase in force, which unaddressed would yield a forward tilt otherwise present at the higher-tensioned “E” target pitch. 
     Floating Tremolo and Tremolo Stabilizers 
     One disadvantage, for some players, is that a “hard” stop eliminates the original capacity for light tremolo wavering effects around initial position and upward pitch bends. Accordingly, many players today would prefer a setup that acts like a fixed bridge for small force changes like bending strings, strumming at initial position yet “gives” and acts like a floating tremolo for using the tremolo arm for larger modern, pitch changes, such as “dive bombs”, as is distinguished as a “soft” stop or tremolo stabilizer. As is known, the biasing element or spring system, provides a continuous generally linear force curve to establish equilibrium at initial position, but is not capable of changing its rate of tension, in general, stretching gradually and gradually as more force is applied. 
     Various mechanisms have been presented to assist the traditional biasing springs of Fender &#39;146 in view of modern demands, such as the Hipshot branded “Tremsetter”, Borisoff et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,928,564 (“&#39;564”). The Tremsetter device secured directly to the body&#39;s spring pocket, provides an adjustable pre-tensioned compression spring element added to complement the traditional biasing element to provide a discontinuous force curve exerted on the tremolo in order to provide an adjustable “soft” stop or tremolo stabilizer—the spring arrangement operable to increase the force required to pivot the fulcrum tremolo from initial position; its operability primarily to more firmly maintain the initial position of the floating tremolo compared to usage with an unassisted biasing element. Accordingly, when a force is exerted to move the tremolo out of initial position, that same tremolo is subject to a restoring force that is being borne by the stabilizing device limited enough in its range so that the compression spring element is active until the pre-tensioned restoring force is overcome during operation of the tremolo. 
     The Hipshot device and multi-spring variations like it, the Ibanez BackStop, the WD Tremolo Stabilizer, the ESP Arming Adjuster, the Goeldo BackBox, not all of which are available in the US at this time, none-the-less all comprise a compression spring-like arrangement deployed to complement the traditional biasing element, each secured to the tremolo spring pocket, tensioned upon installation to an approximate force of 8˜10 pounds, capable of making variable contact with the spring block and urging the spring block in a direction away from the nut—these devices do not pivot with the tremolo about its axis—it requires approximately 4 pounds of force to “bend” a typical electric guitar unwound string a whole tone up in pitch under typical situations, 8 pounds or so of force will reinforce or ensure initial position under the conditions where two strings are bent. 
     Each such device employs a tensioned compression spring that seeks to stabilize initial position with an adjustable “soft” stop, to avoid the limitations of a ‘hard” stop and to offer more stability in the instance of double stops which are otherwise more difficult:
         A method of stabilizing a neutral position of a tremolo system including a pivoted bridge assembly including the steps of tensioning all of the strings of a guitar to a selected pitch slightly less than a desired pitch, tensioning certain counter-balance springs connected between said bridge assembly and the guitar body to oppose the string tension, and mechanically adjusting a certain counter-balance spring to bring the tension in the guitar strings to a desired pitch whereby said mechanical adjustment provides a mechanical stop for returning all of the guitar strings to a selected pre-tuned pitch.       

     Numerous other complementary mechanisms are secured to the tremolo spring pocket to enforce the position of the spring block such as Hirayama U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,552,252 and 6,686,524 for Ibanez include auxiliary springs to enforce initial position. Geier U.S. Pat. No. 7,427,703 commercialized as the “Tremol-no” releasable tremolo stop is also secured to the tremolo spring pocket in the body:
         A quick-release tremolo lock device for installation into a tremolo recess, and for mounting to a movable bridge or a tremolo block of a stringed instrument such as a guitar. The tremolo lock device includes a spring mount that is adapted to be fixedly attached to at least one wall of the tremolo recess and configured to capture an end of at least one tremolo spring. A slide key is also incorporated into the device, which is connected to the spring mount about a proximate portion of the slide key. The device also includes an adjustable quick release slide receiver that is adapted to receive and to releasably capture a distal portion of the slide key to fix the position of the receiver relative to the slide key. The device further includes a tail piece joined to the quick release slide receiver and configured to be mounted in a spring hole of the tremolo block.       

     Lavineway U.S. Pat. No. 7,189,900 is provides a tension bar connected to the body operable on the spring block to ensure initial position:
         A tension bar is held against the back of a lower portion of the tone block by at least one tension bar spring when the tone block is in a neutral position. Stopping means are provided to prevent the tension bar from urging the tone block forward of the neutral position.       

     The Mag-Lok from Super-Vee Tremolos, secured to the spring pocket, US patent pending, is a magnet-based alternative to the compression spring arrangement to ensure the tremolo in initial position during double stop bends and the like that is overcome when the bar is used. 
     Smith U.S. Pat. No. 9,029,671 provides for a device secured to the “upper surface of the body” adjustably connected to the tremolo base plate operable to selectively stop a floating tremolo:
         A tremolo lock as provided preferably to allow the operator to engage the lock or stop from the topside of a guitar and tremolo base plate completing a floating double locking tremolo system preferably for electric guitars.       

     The Hipshot Tremsetter is also known to be installed with the D-tuna in order to improve the accuracy of the pre-determined target pitches for a floating tremolo. Dam&#39;s U.S. Pat. No. 7,053,287, also secured to the body&#39;s spring pocket, for a similar device secured to the spring pocket for creating a soft stop include:
         A compensator for a tremolo for a stringed musical instrument, such as an electric guitar. The compensator has an integrated tremolo stop, allowing a musician to continue playing without undue delay in the event a string breaks.
 
Further,
   The object of the present invention is to provide a compensator having an integrated tremolo stop which allows the musician to resume playing with a minimum of delay after string breakage, and to provide ready access to the tremolo stop while keeping the number and size of the openings as small as possible.       

     Didan U.S. Pat. No. 6,943,284 September 2005 for a retractable tremolo stop mechanism comprising a retractable cam adjustably secured to the top body surface bracketed between the spring block and the base plate:
         . . . having a first inoperative position and a second operative position in which it stabilizes the bridge plate by limiting movement of the bridge plate in one direction in response to the spring means, means for maintaining said cam in said first position and said second position comprising of a frictional restraint in contact with said cam, method for establishing the normal position of the bridge, The cam is selectively operable by the player between an inoperative (retracted) position, and an operative position in which it serves to stabilize the bridge plate.
           The cam is pre-set with a limit stop whereby its actuation stabilizes the bridge plate at a position providing for normal tune of the remaining strings despite the failure of any one or more strings, or for purposes of tuning the instrument.   
               

     Rose U.S. Pat. No. 8,946,529, February 2013, apparatus includes a modification of his fulcrum tremolo for top mounted Gibson-style applications to include a re-enforcing element for initial position—this design obviates the traditional spring block that pivots within the body of the instrument and the biasing element arrangement:
         The apparatus includes a mounting frame configured for mounting on the surface of the body of the instrument, an attachment post secured to the body, a base plate pivotally mounted with respect to the attachment post and having a surface adapted to receive a force, a mounting assembly mounted on the base plate for holding a string of the instrument, and a first resilient member assembly for engagement with the mounting frame outside the body of the instrument and supplying a stabilizing force to the base plate against a tension force in the string. The apparatus includes a second resilient member assembly configured to be engaged with the mounting frame outside the body of the instrument and to supply a force to the base plate surface adapted to receive the force.       

     As discussed above all of the various compression spring based mechanisms described above are secured to the body, in the spring pocket, in particular, and, accordingly, do not rotate with the tremolo at any time, to make variable unsecured contact with the spring block to apply an expanding force supplied by compression springs against the spring block in a direction way from the nut to augment the linear force applied by the biasing element pulling in the direction towards the nut. In each case the adjustment members are very small, often positioned between the individual springs of the biasing element and difficult to adjust initially and to compensate for changes over time. 
     The Global Tuner invention offers a quick way to adjust the dynamic relationship between tensioning forces between the strings and springs with a thumbwheel to maintain “initial position” over time. The typical Global Tuner splits the tremolo&#39;s inertia or spring block into two sections transverse the direction of the counter springs. One section is a base element or main block that is connected to the tremolo base plate and the other section comprises a holder element connected to the biasing element or counter springs, in a format that is connected to the main block and which is, in either case, adjusted by a thumbwheel arrangement. (See Advanced Global Tuner—U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/687,776 Apr. 28, 2015). Since acoustic coupling is best in the instance of the greatest contact between the associated parts, when the spring holder element is slideably positioned within, say, 0.031″ of the base element, a first position, when the assembled parts have the greatest contact area to each other. Threading the thumbwheel to variably position the holder element in either direction will restore initial position under normal conditions while maintaining the best coupling for this design. 
     The Global Tuner provides a variable adjustment mechanism invention that neither meets the requirements to achieve a stopped initial position nor a “soft” stopped initial position—the need for a stable and adjustable tremolo stop tuner is clear. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The Tremolo Spring and Stabilizer Tuners 
     Tremolo Spring 
     Tremolo Spring includes a formed flat spring element featuring a flexible bend operable to exert a first variable force of tension against the body, the flexible bend transverse the direction of the strings and generally parallel to the tremolo axis, the first variable force of tension essentially equal to the force of tension provided by the strings to establish the fulcrum tremolo at initial position. 
     The formed flat spring element having generally planar surfaces forming opposing faces, further including a first upper leg secured to the tremolo and a first lower leg forming a generally longer lever-like portion, generally 1.125˜1.75″ in length, approximately 2.0″ wide extending towards the body. The strings tensioned for play, at least a portion of a first face of the longer lever-like lower leg operable to make first variable contact with the body to achieve initial position and variably support the pivoting of tremolo. 
     The end of lower leg can further comprise a second bend forming a first face curved surface to facilitate first variable contact with the body or other such provision. In one embodiment, the profile of the formed flat spring element is generally an L-shape where the shorter leg is secured to the tremolo. In this application, the width, length and material thickness are all inter-related parameters. All things being equal, the variable force of tension created by the flexible bend depends greatly from how thick the material is, the formed flat spring is has a 1˜2 mm material thickness for establishing a first variable force of tension. A thinner strip of flat spring, say 0.25˜1 mm, can be used for the second variable force of tension, for example. 
     In another expression, the a combination spring comprising more than one formed flat spring element, taking a L-shaped form, with unequal lower leg lengths. In this instance a first flat spring element shorter length leaf (first lower leg) would comprise at least the major portion of the first variable force of tension and a second flat spring element longer thinner leaf (second lower leg) would comprise at least the second variable force of tension to provide for the first and second variable force of tension. 
     Tremolo Spring Tuner 
     A novel Tremolo Spring Tuner offers an adjustment of the first flat spring first variable force of tension; the global adjustment of the first variable force of tension can be accomplished in at least one of two ways in this current application. In one instance, 1) a mechanism varies the position of end of lower leg in a first variable contact with the body, or other such mechanism, to vary the force of the flexible bend, for example, and 2) a variable connecting element, such as a setscrew, contacting the lower leg near the lower surface of the base plate, making an alternative or second variable contact, to limit the first variable force of the first flexible bend. In the later case, the first variable force of tension can be greater than string tension so that the adjustment element can reduce the force to meet the string tension to establish initial position. 
     For the first approach, Tremolo Spring Tuner including a base element secured to the instrument, a first adjustment screw, the first adjustment screw in the direction of the strings, the base element rotatably supporting the first adjustment screw, a spring tensioner element transverse the direction of the strings is operable to receive the end of the first adjustment screw, the string tensioner element variably secured to the base element, having a spring side surface generally parallel with the first face of the flat spring, the spring side surface further operable to make first variable contact with the outer first face planar surface of the curved second bend. The tensioner element is pivotally connected to the base element by a pin in a direction transverse to the direction of the strings. Threading the first adjustment screw variably adjusts the spring face surface, and thereby, the first face of the curved bend to vary the first flexible bend, to increase or decease the first variable force of tension to achieve initial position. The adjustment screw comprising a global tuner thumbwheel to facilitate adjusting the tensioner element. 
     Alternatively, Tremolo Spring Tuner further comprising a second curved flat spring operable to hold a second variable force of tension and a global tuner comprising a thumbwheel, the thumbwheel shaft further comprising a tensioner element forming a cylindrical cam-like portion operative to variably adjust an end of the second curved flat spring as the thumbwheel is turned, wherein the curved section of the second curved flat spring making second variable contact with the inner second face of the first flat spring closer the flexible bend than the end of the lower leg to limit the first variable force of tension; the tensioner element to variably adjust the first variable force of tension. 
     A simple Tremolo Spring Tuner is presented including the base element secured to the instrument, a set screw threadedly secured through the base element, the setscrew in the direction of the strings, the set screw operable to form a second limited contact area with a second face of the generally planar lever-like lower leg in a position generally closer to the base plate than the curved second bend. Threading the setscrew to further contact the lower leg is operable to limit at least a portion of the flexible bend to vary the variable force of tension. 
     Stabilizers 
     The Stabilizer includes either a formed flat spring or a pre-loaded coil spring element comprising at least a portion of a flexible bend operable to hold a variable force of tension including a second force of tension, the second force of tension less than the tension provided by the strings, to enforce initial position. The Tremolo Stabilizer includes a thumbwheel arrangement to variably adjust the position of an independent stabilizer arrangement. 
     In one embodiment, the formed flat spring comprising at least one L-shaped flat spring, with a short upper leg connected to the spring block and/or the base plate and a longer lower leg extending to the body operable to exert the first variable force of tension at initial position. The Stabilizer Tuner arrangement provides a screw-like element that extends from a mounting arrangement in the body to make variable contact with the inner face of the L-shaped flat spring. Further, adjusting the spring claw screws in the spring pocket for adjusting the first variable force of tension will inter-cooperate with the variable force of tension that the flexible bend of L-shaped spring steel-like plate applied to the face of the tremolo pocket to reinforce initial position for strumming and light tremolo action. 
     Another embodiment of the tremolo stabilizer comprises a formed flat spring steel clip-like element secured to the extended portion of the spring holder arrangement to make initial contact with the tremolo pocket face at initial position, the form comprising a bend operable to hold a second variable force of tension. This arrangement reassigns the thumbwheel adjustment member of the Tremolo Stop Tuner to instead variably position the formed flat spring arrangement relative to the inner face of the tremolo pocket. The setscrew arrangement fixes the position of the thumbwheel and couple the device to the instrument. Alternately, say, a removable 2 mm thick foam rubber strip, or such with sufficient elasticity could be positioned on the extended portion operable to comprise a force sufficient to reinforce initial position for stabilized strumming, etc. A first embodiment of the Tremolo Stabilizer comprising primarily an adjustment member or, alternately, a thumbwheel, threadedly connected through the spring block of a fulcrum tremolo, and moveable therewith around the tremolo pivot axis, the adjustment member extending in the direction of the strings. The adjustment member, threadely or pivotally, adjustably connected to the spring block, the adjustment element operable to make initial contact with the tremolo pocket to limit pivoting in one direction from initial position. In another alternative embodiment, the adjustment member or a thumbwheel element includes a holder element, including an extended portion, separate from the spring block base element operable to be adjusted towards the tremolo pocket face and away from the base element to make initial contact. A set screw, threadedly positioned in the base element and in variable contact with the thumbwheel adjustment mechanism, is threaded in a first direction to fix the position of the extended portion at initial contact to form a stop to impede rotational movement in one direction at and from initial position. 
     Further the extended portion, and moveable therewith, can support a “soft” stop or tremolo stabilizer arrangement comprising, for example, compression spring arrangements including the use of flat spring plates in various shapes, sizes, etc. to complement the first variable force of tension at initial position. 
     Stabilizer Tuners 
     As above threading the thumbwheel adjustment mechanism is operable to adjust the holder element comprising the flat spring stabilizer to vary the second force of tension. 
     In a preferred embodiment, an independently adjustable pre-loaded internal coil spring arrangement comprising a Tremolo Stabilizer is presented. The Tremolo Stabilizer comprising a cylindrical housing threadedly secured to the spring holder extended portion or alternatively to the main block. The most preferred arrangement having a housing, a washer and coil or wave spring at one end, a support collar or guide element variably positioned within the tensioner element and the formed openings in the extended portion, an adjustment pin or extension element threadely connected to the collar operable to variably extend the adjustment pin to the tremolo pocket. The adjustment pin comprises a rounded tip often and sometimes comprises a ball bearing element. The device includes the force of tension of the internal compression spring within the housing of the Tremolo Stabilizer to comprise an adjustable force of approximately 2˜15 pounds. A player can adjust the pre-loaded condition of the coil spring by rotating the housing. Accordingly, the apparatus comprises a limited discontinuous force operable to increase the force required to pivot the fulcrum tremolo rearwardly from initial position. Since the adjustment by the tensioner element of the force of the internal compression spring is independent of the adjustment of the forces of the biasing element, the thumbwheel is free to be operable to re-establish initial position on the fly without altering the integrity of the finely adjusted pre-tensioned forces of the spring arrangement. 
     In yet another embodiment the internal pre-loaded coil spring arrangement can be modified to provide the first variable force of tension in order to obviate the traditional tremolo springs and spring claw arrangement. 
     “Initial position” refers to the position of the fulcrum tremolo and, therefore, the position of the second critical point on the bridge elements in relation to the first critical point on the nut such that the tension of the strings, each at the intended proper pitched condition, the spring block, and the appropriately tensioned counter springs, renders a specific equilibrium point wherein the harmonic tuning for all the strings is simultaneously achieved. 
     “Global Tuner” refers to an adjustment device added to a fulcrum tremolo and its associated counter spring or biasing element arrangement with the capacity to essentially re-establish the equilibrium point, created at the time of the initial setup by the tension of the counter spring(s) and the tension of the strings, in order to compensate for changes in tension requirements on the strings and/or the counter springs due to various factors. The Global Tuner preferably employs an adjustment knob or thumbwheel element for providing continuously variable adjustment of the tension in the strings by varying the relative distance between the spring attachment portion connected to the fulcrum tremolo and the attachment point of the springs to the body of the instrument. The Global Tuner thumbwheel portion provides a simple and quick means for the musician to adjust the initial position of the fulcrum tremolo in order to meet the pitch requirements in varied environmental or other situations and, in re-establishing the initial position, allows the full range of pivoting the fulcrum tremolo. 
     “Initial contact” refers to instance of an adjustment when a tuning mechanism first touches the instrument body, the tuning mechanism operable to affect initial position in a fulcrum tremolo. 
     A “hard” stop provides initial contact operable to impede rotation of the fulcrum tremolo in one direction at initial position; the “over-tightening” of the biasing element requirement to reinforce initial position obviates a global tuner. 
     “Tremolo Stop Tuner” refers to device integrated into a fulcrum tremolo spring block, moveable therewith about the tremolo pivot axis, comprising a holder element comprising an extended portion operable to either variably contact the body with the capacity to stop or block the tremolo at initial position, adjustably support a compression spring element to enforce initial position or global tune an independent stabilizer arrangement enforcing initial position. 
     A “soft” stop provides initial contact operable to affect a limited discontinuous force curve exerted on the tremolo spring block to adjustably impede rotation of the fulcrum tremolo in one direction at initial position. The adjustability obviates a stop mechanism. 
     “Initial condition” refers to the instance of an adjustment of the force operable at initial contact to complement the force of the biasing element when at initial position for a “soft” stop. 
     A “Tremolo Stabilizer” refers to a formed spring element arrangement added to the fulcrum tremolo, to make initial contact with the body with sufficient force of tension to limit the essentially linear performance of the biasing element force of tension in order to enforce initial position. Accordingly, when a force is exerted to move the tremolo out of initial position, the tremolo is subject to a restoring variable second force of tension that is borne and defined by the pre-tension stored in the spring element until the restoring force is overcome during deeper rotation or pivoting of the tremolo or disengaged at or near initial position. 
     Given sufficient focus of the discontinuous force at initial position to impede rearward tilt, the soft stop arrangement can be combined with an auxiliary quick pitch change apparatus, like the D-tuna, the Drop Tuner—McCabe U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/880,271 (“&#39;271”) or any device with the capacity to quickly change from one adjustable predetermined pitch to another adjustable predetermined pitch and back to ensure the tremolo remains at initial position when the higher tensioned string is toggled to a lower tensioned condition. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In the drawings: 
         FIG. 1  is a plan view of an electric guitar embodying the present inventions. 
         FIG. 2  is a side view of the tremolo showing the Tremolo Spring mechanism in profile comprising an L-shaped flat spring secured to the tremolo at an upper leg and a lower leg extending to make contact with the tremolo pocket, a flexible bend operable to hold a first force of tension to replace the traditional fulcrum tremolo coil spring biasing element arrangement. The L-shaped flat spring extends about 0.125″ to 0.250″, relative to the main inertia block, further comprising an extended portion having a generally planar surface, transverse the direction of the strings, the lower leg comprising a first face closer the spring block and a second face closer to the body, the first face operable to make variable contact with the body. In this depiction, the first face making contact with a first force of tension essentially equal to the string tension, thereby resisting the rotation of the tremolo from initial position in one direction. 
       The body further comprising a Global Tuner thumbwheel arrangement with a thumbwheel is shown rotatably connected to a mounting element secured to the body, the mounting element comprising a spring tensioner element, the spring tensioner element variably secured to the mounting element by a pin, the spring contact element comprising a spring face surface operable to make variable contact with L-shaped flat spring lower leg. In the preferred embodiment the spring tensioner element further comprises a recess to receive the tip of the shaft of the thumbwheel to variably adjust the lower leg; accordingly the thumbwheel adjustment member threading adjusts the position of a L-shaped flat spring second end to vary the first force of tension. 
       Also shown is a locking macro-tuner mechanism comprising an articulated extended tip of extended laver-clamp improvement to facilitate threading a string through the nose slot to pivot or lift the clamp lever for successful loading of the string from a direction opposite or distinct from the traditional direction of operation carried out from the direction the tailpiece portion securing the string to the instrument. 
         FIG. 3  is an exploded view of a first Tremolo Stabilizer embodiment configured by repurposing parts of and adding components to the Stop Tuner. A pre-tensioned compression spring-like element, supportedly positioned by the extended portion of the holder element in and between the base element and the tremolo pocket first face, is operable to exert a variable limited force at initial contact to enforce initial position. The compression spring-like element complements the biasing element to create a variable “soft” stop or Tremolo Stabilizer. Threading the adjustment element or thumbwheel in this setup is operable to variably adjust the rate of the force of the pre-tension in the context of the configuration&#39;s interdependence with force of the biasing element at initial position. 
         FIG. 4  shows a fully independent adjustable Tremolo Stabilizer, repurposing the stop aspect of the extended portion as seen in  FIG. 2  to variably support and position a tensioner element including a guide element, a fine adjustment element or extension element, a pre-tensioned compression spring and washer; the tensioner element is threadedly connected to the extended portion, positioned additionally within cooperating cavities in the main spring block. The tensioner element formed to receive the washer, the compression spring and guide element, compression spring positioned between the guide element and the washer, threading the tensioner element adjusts the pre-tension of approximately 4 pounds, twin mechanisms (not shown) are used, one on each side of the center mounted thumbwheel adjustment element operable with sufficient force to variably enforce initial position. The fine adjustment element is theadedly secured within the guide element and operable to adjust the tip in dimensions up to more than 0.250 from the spring block to the first face for initial contact. Since threading the tensioner element is independently operable to variably adjust the rate of the force of the pre-tension, this configuration benefits from the increased stability and improved acoustic coupling set screw improvement and frees the thumbwheel element to global tune the stabilized initial position over time. 
         FIGS. 5 and 6  show two alternative Tremolo Stabilizer embodiments in profile where the thumbwheel function is also independent of the adjustment of the stabilizer. 
         FIG. 5  shows a profile view of the Tremolo Stabilizer improvement shown in  FIG. 4  including its relative position in the tremolo pocket area at initial contact. The twin Stabilizers are collectively capable of exerting a combined force of at least 8 to 10 pounds to variably ensure initial position. 
         FIG. 6  shows an adjustable stop tuner configured for a setup with a global tuner wherein a further alternative example of a Tremolo Stabilizer comprises a single pre-tensioned L-shaped bent piece of sheet metal positioned between the tremolo base plate, and moveable therewith, with the short leg between the spring block element and the base plate and the longer leg extending with a mild curve at the tip for initial contact with the tremolo pocket as shown in  FIG. 3 . Pivoting the tremolo to flatten pitches engages the pre-tensioned L-shaped spring steel stabilizer mechanism to reinforce the initial position. A setscrew operable to variably contact the L-shaped long leg to modify the rate of the spring is presented. Further, the biasing element can be adjusted. 
         FIGS. 7 and 8  show two primary fundamental embodiments each notable for not employing an extended portion or thumbwheel. 
         FIG. 7  comprises another profile view showing the traditional spring block further comprising, and thereby moveable therewith, an adjustment element and setscrew arrangement, each threadedly engaged with the spring block. The adjustment element is threaded within the spring block to make initial contact with the instrument body to “stop” a tremolo; the setscrew secures the position and improves coupling between the three parts. Further, a compound flat spring biasing element formed by two L-shaped flat springs of unequal lengths and varied material thicknesses for the lower legs, like half of a “leaf spring” cut in the middle. A thicker first lower leg comprising at least the major portion of the first variable force of tension and the longer thinner leaf would complete the first variable force of tension requirement and provide for the second variable force of tension. The Stop Tuner, establishing a range for the rearward pivot/upward pitch change, and the compound flat spring arrangement comprising a stabilized biasing element. 
         FIG. 8  also shows in profile the tremolo device with single adjustable Tremolo Stabilizer added to a similar traditional spring block arrangement. The tensioner is operable to vary the force of the coil spring pre-load and the contact pin is operable to adjust to variations in varied tremolo pocket dimensions to make initial contact at initial position. 
         FIG. 9  shows in profile the tremolo device with single adjustable Tremolo Stabilizer added to a similar traditional spring block arrangement more profoundly presented in  FIGS. 4 and 5 . An L-shaped spring flexible bend includes a lower leg including a curved portion extending to variably meet the body operable to hold a first variable force of tension at initial position. The Stabilizer Tensioner is operable to adjust the second force of tension, the coil spring pre-load and the contact pin operable to adjust to variations in varied tremolo pocket dimensions to make initial contact at initial position. A global tuner arrangement is shown with a global tuner thumbwheel extending through the base element to provide a cam-like surface operable to contact and variable position one end of a tensioner spring within a first recess. The tensioner spring having a flexible curved portion pivotably connected to a second recess in the base element in a recess. At least a portion of the flexible curved portion operable to contact the first L-shaped spring at a contact point closer to the flexible bend than to the tip. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In  FIG. 1 , an electric guitar  1  is illustrated comprising head  2  at one end, a body  3  at the other end, with neck  4  extending between head  2  and body  3 . Six of each string  6  extends from head  2  to body  3  over neck  4 . Neck  4  forms fret board or fingerboard  5  for guitar  1 . At head  2 , each string  6  extends over nut  7  forming first critical point  8  for each string  6 . Nut  7  is located at the transition of neck  4  to head  2 . Each string  6  is secured on head  2  by a corresponding element  9 . On body  3 , strings  6  are secured to fulcrum tremolo  10 . Fulcrum tremolo  10  has arm  11  for pivoting tremolo  10  to provide the vibrato effect on the strings. Fulcrum tremolo  10  has six intonation modules  12 , one for each string  6 . By manipulating tremolo arm  11 , the entire fulcrum tremolo  10 , not including the riser posts and inserts (and in varied designs, related bearing assembly elements), can be pivoted to achieve the desired tremolo effect. 
     Intonation module  12 , shown as a macro-tuner, incorporating the function of bridge or saddle and tailpiece elements, is provided to support string  6 . Intonation module  12  is slideably adjustable on base plate  13  to adjust the relative distance between first critical point  8  and second critical point  16  ( FIG. 2 ) to intonate the associated string. Fulcrum tremolo  10  comprises a second critical point  16 , one for each string  6 , sometimes characterized as an intonation point, witness point or bridge point. 
     The invention is shown for on electric guitar  1  with six strings  6  and it should be understood that the invention could be used on a variety of stringed musical instruments. In body  3  of guitar  1  there are electric pickups shown without numbers. In the following description, fulcrum tremolo  10  will be described in greater detail. 
       FIG. 2  displays fulcrum tremolo  10  at initial position in a partial cross-section side view showing body  3 . Electric guitar  1  further comprising tremolo pocket  28  and tremolo spring pocket  29 , Tremolo Tuner  60  and locking macro-tuner  12  comprising bridge element  17 , an associated tailpiece comprising tuning pin  15  variably positioned by tuner knob  14  to alter the tension of string  6  secured to head  2  (not shown). Second critical point  16  is located on intonation module  12 . String contact point  16  on bridge element  17 . The leading-edge portion of base plate  13  adjustably supports tremolo  10  pivotally relative to body  3 . Spring block  21 , connected on one end to base plate  13 . 
     Tremolo  10  comprising L-shaped flat spring upper leg  61 , secured between base plate  13  and base element  21 , L-shaped flat spring upper leg  61  further forming flexible bend  62  and a lower leg  63  comprising curved contact bend  64  operable to make variable contact with spring block  21  forming first contact area  65 . Tremolo Spring  60 , in a novel position within the traditional tremolo pocket arrangement, having a generally planar surface, approximately 90° to the direction of the strings, curved contact bend  64  operable to variably contact the generally planar parallel surface of inner tremolo cavity forming area  65 , flexible bend  62  operable to exert the first variable force of tension against body  3  at initial position. In this depiction, second end extension  64  functioning as a variable fulcrum tremolo biasing element, curved contact bend  64  at contact area  65  exerting a first force of tension essentially equal to the string tension, thereby resisting the rotation of fulcrum tremolo  10  from initial position in one direction. 
     Tremolo Spring  60  further comprising a global tuner arrangement, in a further preferred embodiment, comprising mounting element  66  secured to body  3  as well as spring tensioner element  66   a  and thumbwheel  24 , thumbwheel  24  comprising a global tuner thumbwheel. Mounting element  66  formed to rotatably support thumbwheel adjustment member  24 , thumbwheel adjustment member  24  end  69  in bearing contact with spring tensioner element  66   a  recess  68 , spring tensionerelement  66   a  variably secured to mounting element  66  by a pin  67 , spring tensioner element  66   a  operable to make variable contact with L-shaped flat spring second end extension  63  curved contact bend  64  comprising contact area  65 . In the preferred embodiment, threading thumbwheel adjustment member  24  to variably position spring tensioner element  66   a  and, thereby, second end extension  63 , adjusts the variable first force of tension provided by flexible bend  62 . 
     Also shown is a locking macro-tuner mechanism  12  comprising an articulated extended tip of extended laver-clamp tailpiece improvement  15  to facilitate threading string  6  through the nose slot to clamp string  6  as an alternative to tailpiece tuner knob  14 , from a direction opposite or distinct from the traditional direction of operation carried out from the direction the tailpiece portion securing string  6  to body  3 . 
       FIG. 3  illustrates an exploded view including main block  21  connected to base plate  13 , holder element  22  with extended portion  23  and thumbwheel element  24 . Biasing element  19  is shown connected to holder element  22 . Thumbwheel element  24  threaded portion  31  and smooth portion  30  passes through transverse opening  32  to engage threaded opening  33  in holder element  22  to position extended portion  23 . A bendable flat spring element  35  secured to extended portion  23 , compressed between extended portion  23  and tremolo pocket contact area  29  (not shown) at initial position, to provide a second variable force of tension applied to the body when the tremolo is tilted rearwardly to comprise “soft” stop or Tremolo Stabilizer  20 . Setscrew  25  is tightened to fix the position of extended portion  23 . 
       FIG. 4  shows alternate improved Tremolo Stabilizer  50 , adapted to extended portion  23  of spring holder  22 , further comprising tensioner housing  51 , guide element  52 , fine adjustment element  55  extending through pre-loaded (in assembly) coil spring  53  and washer  54 , adjustably positioned within extended portion  23  cooperating cavity  56  and cooperating spring block  21  cavity  57 . 
     Two stabilizer mechanism  50 , holding a second variable force of tension collectively, at least 8˜10 pounds force, the second force of tension less than the first force of tension, fine adjustment element  55  positioned to make initial contact with tremolo pocket contact area  29 , tremolo  10  at initial position. Tremolo Stabilizer  50  pre-loaded coil spring  53  biasing element  19  first variable force of tension to increase the force required to pivot fulcrum tremolo  10  from initial position in rearwardly. 
       FIG. 5  shows a profile view of fulcrum tremolo  10  in a partial cross-section side view showing body  3  further comprising tremolo pocket  28  and tremolo spring pocket  29 , Tremolo Stabilizer  50  and locking macro-tuner  12  comprising bridge element  17 , an associated tailpiece comprising tuning pin  15  variably positioned by the tuner knob to alter the tension of string  6  secured to head  2  (not shown). Second critical point  16  is located on intonation module  12 . Base plate  13  pivotally support tremolo  10  on body  3 . String contact point  16  on bridge element  17 . Base element  21  connected to the base plate  13 , holder element  22 , thumbwheel  24 , setscrew  25  and washer  26 . 
     The twin adjustable Tremolo Stabilizer  50  (one only is shown in profile) adapts spring holder  22  extended portion  23  to receive tensioner housing  51  further comprising guide element  52 , washer  54  and fine adjustment element  55 , extending through pre-loaded coil spring  53  within cooperating cavity  56  and cooperating spring block  21  cavity  57 . Pre-loaded coil spring  55  operable to exert a second variable force of tension. Two stabilizer mechanism  50 , holding a second variable force of tension collectively, at least 8˜10 pounds force, the second force of tension less than the first force of tension, fine adjustment element  55  positioned to make initial contact with tremolo pocket contact area  29 , tremolo  10  at initial position as shown. Tremolo Stabilizer  50  pre-loaded coil spring  53  biasing element  19  first variable force of tension to increase the force required to pivot fulcrum tremolo  10  from initial position rearwardly. Threading fine adjustment element  55  is operable to establish initial contact at initial position. Threading the tensioner housing is operable to adjust the pre-load of the coil spring element. Threading the thumbwheel  24  is operable adjust the position of spring holder  22  and, thereby, the biasing element force of tension and the second variable force of tension simultaneously. 
       FIG. 6  shows a profile view of fulcrum tremolo  10  in a partial cross-section side view showing body  3  further comprising tremolo pocket  28 , tremolo spring pocket  29 , Tremolo Stabilizer  50  and locking macro-tuner  12  comprising bridge element  17 , an associated tailpiece comprising tuning pin  15  variably positioned by the tuner knob to alter the tension of string  6  secured to head  2  (not shown). Second critical point  16  is located on intonation module  12 . Base plate  13  pivotally support tremolo  10  on body  3 . Base element  21  connected to the base plate  13 , holder element  22 , thumbwheel  24 , setscrew  25  and washer  26 . Tremolo Stabilizer  50  comprising L-shaped bent piece of flat spring steel  60  comprising a flexible bend positioned on tremolo  10  with short leg  61  between spring block element  21  and base plate  13  and longer leg  62  extending with a mild curve comprising tip  63  contacting tremolo pocket contact area  29 . 
     Flat spring steel  60  flexible bend operable to hold a second variable force of tension, at least 8˜10 pounds force, the second force of tension less than the first force of tension. Threading setscrew  51  is operable to make contact with upper leg  62  to limit the second variable force of tension. The tremolo at initial position, any tendency for sharpened pitches, including by pivoting tremolo  10  rearwardly, activates stabilizer mechanism  50  with its limited capacity to deflect spring block  53  in a direction away from nut (not shown). The flat spring Tremolo Stabilizer complements first variable force of tension of biasing element  19  to increase the force required to pivot fulcrum tremolo  10  rearwardly from initial position. 
       FIG. 7  show in profile view of fulcrum tremolo  10  in a partial cross-section side view showing body  3  further a novel compound flat spring biasing element with tremolo pocket  28  and tremolo spring pocket  29 , Stop Tuner  20  arrangement and locking macro-tuner  12  comprising bridge element  17 , an associated tailpiece comprising tuning pin  15  variably positioned by the tuner knob to alter the tension of string  6  secured to head  2  (not shown). Second critical point  16  is located on intonation module  12 . Base plate  13  pivotally support tremolo  10  on body  3 . String contact point  16  on bridge element  17 . 
     Stop Tuner  20  arrangement comprising traditional spring block  21  further comprising, and moveable therewith, adjustment element  31  and set screw  25 , adjustment element  34  and set screw  25  threadedly engaged with spring block  21 . Adjustment element  34  comprising threaded portion  31  as shown to make initial contact with tremolo pocket contact area  29  at initial position to “stop” tremolo  10 ; setscrew  25  secures the position of adjustment element  34  and improves coupling between the three parts. The position of adjustment element  31  can be used to limit the range of backward pivoting for pre-determined upward pulls on the tremolo. 
     Further, a novel compound L-shaped flat spring biasing element formed by a first upper leg  81 , first flexible bend  82 , lower leg  83  and curved surfaced end  84 , a second upper leg  61 , second flexible bend  62 , second lower leg  63  of unequal lengths like half of a “leaf spring” cut in the middle. Thicker first lower leg  63  comprising at least the major portion of the first variable force of tension and the longer thinner leaf  83  would complete the first variable force of tension requirement and provide for the second variable force of tension. Stop Tuner  20 , limiting rearward pivot/upward pitch change, and the compound flat spring arrangement comprising a stabilized biasing element operable to both establish and enforce initial position when the strings are tensioned to play. 
       FIG. 8  shows a profile view of fulcrum tremolo  10  in a partial cross-section side view showing body  3  further comprising tremolo pocket  28  and tremolo spring pocket  29 , single Tremolo Stabilizer  50  and locking macro-tuner  12  comprising bridge element  17 , an associated tailpiece comprising tuning pin  15  variably positioned by the tuner knob to alter the tension of string  6  secured to head  2  (not shown). Second critical point  16  is located on intonation module  12 . Base plate  13  pivotally support tremolo  10  on body  3 . String contact point  16  on bridge element  17 . Base element  21  connected to the base plate  13 , holder element  22 , thumbwheel  24 , setscrew  25  and washer  26 . 
     Single adjustable Tremolo Stabilizer  50  added to spring block  21  comprises tensioner  51  threadedly engaged with extended portion  23  formed to receive washer  54  and pre-tensioned compression spring  54  operable to exert force on fine adjuster  55 , theadedly supported by guide element  52 , to make variable contact with tremolo pocket contact area  29  of body  3 . Threading tensioner  51  is operable to vary pre-tension at initial contact and threading fine adjuster  55  within guide element  52  is operable to variably adjust to tremolo pocket contact area  29  at initial position to stabilize tremolo  10 . Single pre-tensioned compression spring  54  comprises at least 8˜10 pounds force. Any tendency for sharpened pitches, by pivoting tremolo  10  lightly and/or bending string  6 , etc. activates stabilizer mechanism  50  with its limited capacity to urge spring block  21  in a direction away from nut  7  (not shown) against tremolo pocket contact area  29 , tremolo  10  at initial position. Stabilizer  50  pre-loaded coil spring  53  biasing element  19  first variable force of tension to increase the force required to pivot fulcrum tremolo  10  from initial position rearwardly. Threading fine adjustment element  55  is operable to establish initial contact at initial position. Threading the tensioner housing is operable to adjust the pre-load of the coil spring element. 
       FIG. 9  shows in profile tremolo  10  with novel Tremolo Spring comprising an L-shaped flat spring  60 , Global Tuner thumbwheel  24 , and at least a single adjustable Tremolo Stabilizer  50  represented with tensioner  52  and contact pin  55  (see in  FIGS. 4, 5 and 8  for greater detail). 
     Further, Tremolo Spring comprising a first upper leg, the first upper leg secured to the instrument, flexible bend  62 , lower leg  63  including a curved portion  80  extending to variably meet body  3  at first variable contact area  65 , the L-shaped flat spring  60  operable to hold a first variable force of tension at initial position. 
     A Global Tuner arrangement is shown with a global tuner thumbwheel  24  rotatably supported by base element  21 . Thumbwheel  24  shaft further comprising a cylindrically shaped tensioner element  66  comprising cam-like surface  70 . Tensioner curved spring element  72  having a first curved end  73 , wherein first curved end  74  pivotably mounted within second recess  71  and second curved end  73  pivotably mounted within second recess  73  in the base element  21 . At least a portion  72  of the flexible curved portion operable to contact the first L-shaped spring  61  at second variable contact point  75  closer to the flexible bend  62  than to the tip  80 . Cam-like surface  70  in variable contact with first end  73  of tensioner spring  72  within first recess  68 . Rotating global tuner thumbwheel  24  is operative to rotate the cam-like portion  70  to adjust first end  73  and, thereby, adjust the first variable force of tension. 
     The various features of novelty, which characterize the invention, are intended to improve the upward spiral of Light and are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its use, reference should be had by the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there are illustrations and described preferred embodiments of the invention. 
     While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail to illustrate the application of the inventive principles, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.