Patent Publication Number: US-2004051380-A1

Title: Anti-theft device for vehicle

Description:
[0001] This application is based on and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 with respect to Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-236729, filed on Jul. 10, 2002, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.  
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002] The present invention relates to an anti-theft device for a vehicle. More particularly, the present invention pertains to an anti-theft device for preventing the theft of a vehicle by comparing the information indicated as a code provided on a key and the information memorized in a vehicle.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0003] Immobilizer systems for starting the engine of a vehicle only when a unique code (i.e., reference code) pre-registered on the vehicle and an ID code (unique code) output from an ignition key are identical, when the ignition key including a communication function with the vehicle is inserted to an ignition key cylinder (hereinafter referred as key cylinder), are known. For example, a system such as that explained above is described in Japanese Patent No. 2915299. The system described in Japanese Patent No. 2915299 prevents the vehicle from being stolen by starting the engine without authorization. With the system described in Japanese Patent No. 2915299, the engine cannot start if the unique code sent from the ignition key cannot be read by the vehicle or in case the reference code memorized by the vehicle and the ID code sent from the ignition key are not identical. Thus, the vehicle is prevented from being stolen.  
       [0004] Another immobilizer system is described in Celsior new model instruction manual August, 2000, Toyota Motor Corporation P. 3-264-269. With the system described in the Celsior new model instruction manual, the ignition key includes a communication function and the unique code sent from the ignition key is received by an antenna coil provided surrounding a key cylinder. On the vehicle side, the unique code of the ignition key inserted into the key cylinder is read, the identification of the code is judged, and the result of the code reading by an immobilizer control device is transmitted to the engine control device. In this case, the vehicle engine is started if the reference code memorized by the vehicle and the read unique code are identical to each other.  
       [0005] Notwithstanding, with the foregoing system the ignition key is required to have a communication function and the vehicle is required to include the antenna and the receiver to receive the unique code sent from the ignition key. Thus, the size of the ignition key, per se, is increased. In addition, because the unique code is transferred for identification by electromagnetic waves, the unique code sent to the vehicle is easier to copy.  
       [0006] A need thus exists for an anti-theft device whose unique code is more difficult to copy and wherein the size of the ignition key is not increased.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0007] In light of the foregoing, the present invention provides an anti-theft device for a vehicle which includes a code including unique information, and a reference code memorized in a vehicle. Starting of the engine is allowed when the unique code is identical to the reference code. The unique code is provided on an ignition key and the unique code includes portions including different reflective ratios when light is irradiated.  
       [0008] According to another aspect of the present invention, an anti-theft device for a vehicle includes a code including unique information, and a reference code memorized in a vehicle side. Starting of an engine is allowed when the unique code is identical to the reference code. The anti-theft device further includes a code reading means for reading the unique code by reflective light relative to an ignition key provided with the unique code, the code reading means provided at a key cylinder for starting the engine by insertion of the ignition key therein or near the key cylinder.  
       [0009] According to further aspect of the present invention, an anti-theft device for a vehicle includes a code including unique information, and a reference code memorized in a vehicle. Starting of an engine is allowed when the unique code is identical to the reference code. The anti-theft device further includes a code reader configured to read the unique code by reflective light relative to an ignition key provided with the unique code, the code reader provided at a key cylinder for starting the engine by insertion of the ignition key therein or near the key cylinder.  
       [0010] According to still further aspect of the present invention, an anti-theft method for a vehicle includes steps of detecting insertion of an ignition key, optically reading a code, identifying the read code and a reference code, and allowing or prohibiting a start of an engine based on the identifying step.  
     
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES  
     [0011] The foregoing and additional features and characteristics of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description considered with reference to the accompanying drawing figures in which like reference numerals designate like elements.  
     [0012]FIG. 1 is a front view showing a configuration of an ignition key for an anti-theft device according to an embodiment of the present invention.  
     [0013]FIG. 2 is a view, including a block diagram, of an entire construction of the anti-theft device according to the embodiment of the present invention.  
     [0014]FIG. 3 is a view showing a cross section taken on line III-III of FIG. 2.  
     [0015]FIG. 4 is a view showing a cross section taken on line IV-IV of FIG. 2.  
     [0016]FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing a transaction of a control device of FIG. 2.  
     [0017]FIG. 6 is a perspective view around a driving seat of a vehicle. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
     [0018] One embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to drawing figures shown in FIGS.  1 - 6 .  
     [0019] An anti-theft device  1  is applied to the vehicle in the embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6, a steering wheel  26  connected to steer front wheels is rotatably provided in front of a driver&#39;s seat  27  and a key cylinder  5  incorporated into the vehicle ignition so as to start an engine is provided behind the steering wheel  26 . Referring to FIGS.  2 - 4 , the key cylinder  5  is formed with a keyhole  5   h  in the center of a truncated conical surface. By inserting an ignition key  3  shown in FIG. 1 into the keyhole  5   h  and rotating the ignition key  3 , the vehicle ignition assumes an ON state and a starter motor is driven to start the engine.  
     [0020] According to the embodiment, a unique code (hereinafter referred as code)  3   a  including the unique information is provided on the ignition key  3  configured to be inserted into the key cylinder  5 . The unique information provided on the code  3   a  is read by a code reader  9  provided on the vehicle. The information read by the code reader  9  is compared with the information pre-memorized in a memory  13   f  of a controller  13  provided on the vehicle. In the embodiment of the present invention, the key cylinder  5  is configured to allow or prohibit the rotational operation of the ignition key  3  based on the code recognition by comparing and identifying the information from the code  3   a.    
     [0021] The construction of the ignition key  3  of the anti-theft device  1  will be explained in detail with reference to FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 1, the ignition key  3  includes a head portion  3   f  and a leg portion  3   d . The leg portion  3   d  is extended from the head portion  3   f . The head portion  3   f  is made of resin or metal and the leg portion  3   d  is made of metal having tensional strength. A key thread pattern  3   b  is formed on an external peripheral surface of the leg portion  3   d , and a key groove  3   c  is formed in the center of the leg portion  3   d , extending in parallel with the key thread pattern  3   b  in the longitudinal direction from a tip end of the leg portion  3   d . A plane surface portion  3   g  is formed between the head portion  3   f  and the key groove  3   c . The code  3   a  is preferably provided on the plane surface portion  3   g.    
     [0022] In this embodiment, a two-dimensional code region of several millimeters on each side, and indicating the information with a matrix, is used for the code  3   a . However, the code  3   a  is not limited to the aforementioned two-dimensional code, and one dimensional codes such as barcode, three-dimensional codes such as a code adding a color on two dimensional code, a code provided by varying a height in the thickness direction of the leg portion  3   d , and multiple dimensional codes combining different dimensional code may be adopted. The portion providing the code  3   a  is not limited to the plane surface portion  3   g  and the code  3   a  may instead be provided on a portion of the ignition key  3  carried by the vehicle user.  
     [0023] The code  3   a  may be provided on the vehicle key  3  by etching and processing by a laser or the like on a predetermined face such as a surface. For example, the luster of the portion provided with the code  3   a  may be reduced by the surface processing relative to the plane surface portion  3   g  of the leg portion  3   d  having normal metal luster. More particularly, in case the code  3   a  is provided by laser processing, the portion irradiated with the laser is heated and ablated by the laser and oxidized to form dark cells. On the other hand, the portion which is not irradiated by the laser forms brighter cells because the luster of the metal surface is maintained. The cell indicates a smallest single division of the matrix in the two dimensional code. The code  3   a  including bright cells and dark cells includes the unique information of the ignition key  3 , depending on the configuration patterns of each ignition key  3 .  
     [0024] The size of the bright cells and dark cells on the code  3   a  is small compared to the size of the key thread pattern  3   b . For example, the size of each cell may be 0.05-0.1 mm. Thus, even if the code  3   a  formed by the matrix is provided on the ignition key, per se, the decline in the mechanical strength of the ignition key is small enough to ignore. The degree of the anti-theft performance is increased because the duplication of the code is more difficult than the duplication of the key groove  3   c  and the key thread pattern  3   b.    
     [0025] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the anti-theft device  1  includes the ignition key  3  carried by the user, the code reader  9  configured to read the unique information from the code  3   a , the key cylinder  5  configured to start the engine upon the rotational operation of the ignition key  3 , a lock mechanism including a lock pin  11   a  (operation restriction means) for restricting the rotational operation of the key cylinder  5  by the ignition key  3 , an ignition key detection switch (detection means)  7  positioned to detect an insertion of the ignition key  3  into the key cylinder  5 , the controller  13  including the memory (memory means)  13   f  memorizing the unique information of the reference code and configured to control the lock mechanism  11  by comparing the memorized information and the code on the ignition key  3  read by the operation of the code reader  9 , and an engine control device  15  (reporting means) for starting the engine.  
     [0026] The anti-theft device  1  provided on the vehicle will be explained in more detail as follows. The construction of the key cylinder  5  will be explained referring to FIGS.  2 - 4 . The key cylinder  5  includes an external cylinder  5   a  and an internal rotatable cylinder  5   b  for starting the engine by driving an engine starter motor upon the rotational operation of internal cylinder with the ignition key  3  inserted in the key cylinder  5 . Plural lines (e.g., 5 lines in FIG. 2) of pin bores  5   c  are formed at a predetermined positions in parallel each other in the external cylinder S and the internal cylinder  5   b . Each pin bore  5   c  of the key cylinder  5  includes a driver pin  5   d  and a tumbler pin  5   e . The driver pin  5   d  has a pillar configuration and contacts an end of the coaxially provided tumbler pin  5   e . A coil spring  5   f  biases the driver pin  5   d  in a radial inward direction coaxially to the driver pin  5   d  and is positioned in the pin bore  5   c . Further, a portion of the tumbler pin  5   e  opposite to the driver pin  5   d  has a convex configuration and contacts the key thread pattern  5   h.    
     [0027] With the key cylinder  5  of the foregoing construction, a surface provided between an internal periphery of the external cylinder  5   a  and an external periphery of the internal cylinder  5   b  defines a sliding line surface. The relationship between the driver pin  5   d  and the tumbler pin Se relative to the sliding line is as follows. The contacting surface between the driver pin  5   d  and the tumbler pin Se does not correspond to a sliding line surface  5   g . When the convex tip end of the tumbler pin  5   e  projects from each opening portion of each pin bore  5   c  of the external cylinder  5   a  towards the internal peripheral side, the driver pin  5   d  radially traverses the sliding line surface  5   g , the rotational operation of the internal cylinder  5   b  relative to the external cylinder  5   a  is restricted by the projection of the driver pin  5   d , and the key cylinder  5  is locked not to rotate.  
     [0028] In this case, although the lengths of the driver pin  5   d  and the tumbler pin  5   c  positioned in the pin bore  5   c  as a pair are different depending on each pin bore  5   e , the total length of a pair of the driver pin  5   d  and the tumbler pin  5   e  in each pin bore  5   c  is identical. For example, by inserting the ignition key  3  into the key bore  5   h  formed in the internal cylinder  5   b  and by rotating the ignition key  3 , the convex end portion of the tumbler pin  5   e  projected towards the inside of the key bore  5   h  is pushed along the key thread pattern  3   b  to bias the tumbler pin  5   e  and the driver pin  5   d  in the radially outward direction in order to unlock the key cylinder  5 . In this case, the tumbler pin  5   e  and the driver pin  5   d  are pushed radially outward while maintaining the tumbler pin  5   e  and the driver pin  5   d  in contact with the key thread  3   b  against the biasing force of the spring  5   f . In this case, the contacting surface between the tumbler pin  5   e  and the driver pin  5   d  corresponds to the sliding line surface  5   g.    
     [0029] Thus, the driver pin  5   d  contacting the tumbler pin  5   e  by the projection of the driver pin  5   d  towards the internal cylinder  5   b  is pushed into the pin bore of the external cylinder to return to the sliding line surface corresponding to the rotational border between the external cylinder  5   a  and the internal cylinder  5   b . Thereafter, the internal cylinder  5   b  becomes rotatable relative to the external cylinder  5   a  in the key cylinder  5 , and the key cylinder  5  assumes an unlocked state in which the rotational operation by the ignition key  3  can be performed.  
     [0030] Although the driver pin  5   d  and the tumbler pin  5   e  move within the pin bore  5   c , the driver pin  5   d  and the tumbler pin  5   e  cannot be removed from the key bore  5   h.    
     [0031] In the non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, the bore of the internal cylinder  5   b  has a bottom. A key detection switch  7  for detecting the operation state of the ignition key  3  (e.g., a micro switch for detecting the operation state of the ignition key  3  and a pressure switch for detecting the insertion of the ignition key  3  by pressure change) is provided on the bottom of the internal cylinder  5   b . The key detection switch  7  is not limited to the foregoing construction as long as the insertion of the ignition key  3  in the ignition key bore  5   h  can be detected and an ignition key detection sensor may be applied. The key detection switch  7  is pushed by the tip end portion  3   e  of the leg portion  3   d  of the ignition key  3  when the ignition key  3  is inserted into the keyhole  5   h , to assume an ON state. When the ignition key  3  is removed from the keyhole  5   h , the pushing by the tip end portion  3   e  is cancelled and the detection switch assumes an OFF state. The key detection switch  7  is electrically connected to a power source circuit  13   a  of the controller  13 , and the detection signal indicating the ON state of the key detection switch  7  by the insertion of the ignition key  3  into the keyhole  5   h  is transmitted to the controller  13 . Then, electric power is supplied to the controller  13 , with the signal as a trigger to operate a CPU  13   b  provided in the controller.  
     [0032] The controller  13  having power supplied according to the command of the key detection switch  7  includes the electric power circuit  13   a  supplying a predetermined electric voltage (e.g., 5V) to the controller, an image transfer circuit  13   d  configured to transfer an analogue image signal detected from the code reader  9  for optically reading the code  3   a , a decode circuit  13   e  configured to convert the binarized information from the image transfer circuit  13   d  into information including particular strings, the memory  1   3   f  memorizing the unique information on the code  3   a , a CPU  13   b  configured to recognize the code by comparing the analyzed information from the decode circuit  13   e  and the information memorized in the memory  13   f , and an output circuit  13   c  for outputting the comparison result of the code recognition. Further, with the construction shown in FIG. 2, the signal output from the output circuit  13   c  can be transmitted to the engine controller  15 .  
     [0033] The code reader  9  will be explained with reference to FIGS.  3 - 4 . As shown in FIG. 3, the code reader  9  is configured to recognize the insertion of the ignition key  3  into the keyhole  5   h  of the key cylinder  5  using the reflection of the light. The code reader  9  is directly connected to the external cylinder  5   a  or indirectly connected to the external cylinder  5   a  on a region proximate to the external cylinder  5   a  via an assembling bracket. In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, penetration bores  5   j ,  5   k  which are slightly larger than the code  3   a  are consecutively formed perpendicular to the code  3   a . The image of code is captured by the code reader  9  via the penetration bores  5   j ,  5   k  formed on the external cylinder  5   a  and the internal cylinder  5   b.    
     [0034] The code reader  9  includes a light source  9   a  configured to illuminate the plane surface portion  3   g  of the ignition key  3  provided with the code  3   a , a diffusion portion  9 b configured to internally diffuse the light generated by the light source  9   a , and a camera portion  9   c  arranged to capture the image of the code  3   a  on a CCD element of a CCD camera using the reflective light irradiated on the code  3   a.    
     [0035] As shown in FIG. 3, a pair of the light sources  9   a  is provided on internal top and bottom portions of the code reader  9 . A light emitting diode (LED) with high luminance is used as the light source  9   a . The light is generated from the light source  9   a  in an opposite direction from a surface to be read and provided with the code  3   a , to prevent the direct irradiation of the light onto the code  3   a.    
     [0036] The diffusion portion  9   b  has a hollow cylindrical configuration, and an internal surface of the diffusion portion  9   b  has a white color likely to reflect the light contacting the internal surface thereof.  
     [0037] The camera portion  9   c  images the diffuse light reflected from the code  3   a  as an image on the CCD element via the diffusion portion  9   b  and outputs an image analogue signal captured on the CCD element to the controller  13 . The controller  13  compares the information captured by the camera portion  9   a  with the unique information memorized in the memory  13   f , to restrict the operation of the key cylinder  5  by the lock mechanism (operation prohibition means)  11  against the rotational operation of the key cylinder  5  using the ignition key.  
     [0038] The construction of the lock mechanism  11  will be explained with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4. The lock mechanism  11  includes a lock pin  11  a positioned in the external cylinder  5   a  and the internal cylinder  5   b  configured to restrict or allow the rotation of the internal cylinder  5   b  relative to the external cylinder Sa by projecting and being retracted in the radial direction, and an electric actuator  11   b  fixed to the external cylinder  5   a  for actuating the lock pin  11   a . Although a linear solenoid may be used as the electric actuator  11   b , the construction of the electric actuator  1  l b is not limited and a construction in which the lock pin  11   a  is projected relative to the internal cylinder  5   b  by motor actuation or using a solenoid valve may instead be applied.  
     [0039] When an unlock signal (unlock allowance) is output from the controller  13  to the lock mechanism  11 , the electromagnetic attraction force based on the unlock signal is applied to the electric actuator  11   b  to move the lock pin  11   a  to a position for canceling the rotational movement restriction of the internal cylinder  5   b  relative to the external cylinder  5   a  (position shown with a solid line of FIG. 4). On the other hand, the electric actuator  11   b  includes a spring configured to always bias the lock pin  11   a  in the inward radial direction, and the locked state is achieved when the unlock signal is not output from the controller  13 . Under the locked state, the lock pin  11   a  is positioned at a position shown with dotted line of FIG. 4 by a biasing force of the spring, and the rotation of the internal cylinder  5   b  relative to the external cylinder  5   a  is restricted.  
     [0040] The operation will be explained as follows. When the ignition key  3  is not inserted into the key cylinder  5 , the driver pins  5   d  and the tumbler pins  5   e  in the key cylinder are biased by the spring  5   f  to a position shown with dotted line of FIG. 2. Under this state, the driver pins  5   d  project into the internal cylinder  5   b  beyond the sliding line surface  5   g  to restrict the rotation of the internal cylinder  5   b  relative to the external cylinder  5   a . The lock pin  11   a  of the lock mechanism  11  is biased inward by a spring (not shown) and projects into the internal cylinder as shown with the dotted line of FIG. 2 to restrict the rotation of the internal cylinder  5   b  relative to the external cylinder  5   a . Thus, a double lock construction is applied.  
     [0041] When the ignition key  3  is inserted into the keyhole  5   h  of the internal cylinder  5   b  and when the leg portion  3   d  of the ignition key  3  reaches the sufficiently deep portion, the tip end portion  3   e  of the ignition key  3  pushes the key detection switch  7 . The key detection switch  7  detects the condition to transmit the key detection signal to the controller  13 . The controller  13 , upon receiving the key detection signal, activates the power source circuit  13   a  to change the state from a sleep state having low electric power consumption to a normal actuation state (i.e., stand-by state for performing the code recognition).  
     [0042] The transaction of a theft detection performed by the CPU  13   b  of the controller  13  will be explained with reference to a flowchart of FIG. 5. Steps of the program will be indicated with an S.  
     [0043] The controller  13  is supplied with a predetermined power (e.g., 12V) from an external battery and is actuated when the key is not operated under the low power consumption mode (i.e., sleep mode) for activating the bare minimum function. The controller  13  including a power line connected to the battery performs an initial operation at S 51  when the predetermined power is supplied to the controller  13 . With the initial operation, memory used for performing the anti-theft transaction is checked. In S 51 , an initial value is substituted for a necessary memory region and it is checked whether the anti-theft device  1  normally operates. Thereafter, the operation is held at S 52  until the key detection switch  7  detects the key operation with the ignition key  3  or an operation similar to the key operation. When the ignition key  3  is inserted into the keyhole  5   h  or when an operation equivalent to the insertion of the ignition key  3  into the keyhole  5   h  (e.g., the improper operation of turning the key detection switch  7  ON by inserting a wire into the keyhole) is detected, the operation shown after S 52  is carried out.  
     [0044] In other words, when the CPU  13   b  detects a rotational operation relative to the key cylinder  5  by the key detection switch  7 , the power consumption mode is awakened from the sleep mode. Then, the controller enters the normal drive mode.  
     [0045] When the controller enters the normal drive mode, the operation advances to S 53 , the actuation of the code reader  9  is started and the CPU  13   b  outputs the drive signal for operating the code reader  9  via the output circuit  13   c . Receiving the drive signal from the controller  13 , the code reader  9  starts actuation. When the code reader  9  starts operating, the light source  9   a  is first illuminated for irradiating the surface to be read provided with the code  3   a . In this case, the light generated by the light source  9   a  is diffused in the diffusion portion  9   b  and the light with the even optical power is irradiated onto the code  3   a  provided on the ignition key  3  via the external cylinder  5   a  and the penetration bores  5   j ,  5   k  of the internal cylinder  5   b.    
     [0046] The code  3   a  includes the bright cells and dark cells having different reflective ratios. Because of the difference of the reflective ratios, the light entering the camera portion  9   c  after contacting the code  3   a  is different depending on the configuration of the code  3   a . The code reader  9  includes the diffusion portion  9   b  in front of the camera portion  9   c . Thus, the optical power of the reflective light with the high optical power reflected after contacting the code  3   a  is restrained at the diffusion portion  9   b , even if the code  3   a  is provided on a leg portion  3   d  having a mirror surface in order to improve the appearance of the ignition key  3 . Accordingly, the CCD element is not saturated when imaging the image on the CCD element of the CCD camera included in the camera portion  9   c . With the foregoing construction, the code can be read by the code reader  9  even if the code  3   a  is provided on the leg portion  3   d  of an ignition key  3  having a mirror surface.  
     [0047] When the camera portion  9   c  captures the image of the code  3   a  in the foregoing manner, analogue image data is generated by the imaging to the CCD element and is transmitted to the image transaction circuit  13   d . The signal is binarized at a predetermined level based on the analogue image signal in the image transaction circuit  13   d  and transmitted to the decode circuit  13   e . The signal is converted into read information (strings) in the decode circuit  13   e  and transmitted to the CPU  13   b.    
     [0048] When the read information read by the camera portion  9   c  is input into the CPU  13   b , the code  3   a  is read at S 54  and is memorized in the memory in the CPU. Thereafter, it is judged whether the CPU  13   b  has successfully performed decoding at S 55 . When the decoding is not achieved, it is judged that the normal decoding is not performed, control returns to Step S 52  and the CPU  13   b  continues outputting the drive signal for driving the code reader  9  via the output circuit  1   3   c  to repeat the operation in Step S 52 .  
     [0049] On the other hand, when the read information of the code  3   a  is normally decoded at Step S 55 , it is judged at S 56  whether the decoded read information and the memorized information memorized in the memory  13  f are identical. When the read information decoded after being read by the code reader  9  and the memorized information memorized in the memory  13   f  are not identical, the CPU  13   b  judges that the unlock operation has been performed by the operation of the key cylinder  5  by an ignition key  3  provided with a code  3   a  different from the legitimate code in the ignition key  3 . It thereby outputs a lock signal with high potential to the lock mechanism  11  to the key cylinder  5  at S 58 . Thus, the lock pin  11   a  is projected into the internal cylinder  5   b  (i.e., locked state) to prohibit the rotational operation of the key cylinder  5  by the ignition key  3 . Under this state, by judging an illegal operation of the key cylinder  5  without using the legitimate ignition key  3  (i.e., the ignition key having the reference code memorized in the memory  13   f  on the vehicle side), the controller  13  outputs a prohibition signal for prohibiting the starting of the engine to the engine controller  15  to entirely prohibit the engine control at S 59  and the state is reported to the outside of the vehicle (i.e., an external report). The external report includes using a buzzer provided in the vehicle, informing the situation to the vehicle user using the navigation system which enables communication with the outside of the vehicle, and informing the situation to a supervisor for observing a system of plural vehicles in order to externally report the illegal conduct. In case the user has a contract with a security company for performing emergency reporting, the emergency may be instantly reported to the security company.  
     [0050] Because the controller  13  always observes whether the rotational operation of the key cylinder  5  is improperly performed without using the ignition key  3  including the legitimate unique code  3   a , the anti-theft function is highly improved.  
     [0051] On the other hand, in case the CPU  13   b  judges whether the strings of the read information and the strings of the memorized information memorized in the memory and are identical, the CPU  13   b  outputs a low potential unlock signal to the lock mechanism  11  via the output circuit  13   c  at S 57 . When the CPU  13   b  outputs the unlock signal to the lock mechanism  11 , the electric actuator  11   b  of the lock mechanism  11  operates and the linear solenoid is excited. With the magnetic attraction force of the linear solenoid, the lock pin  11   a  is retracted into the external cylinder from the state restricting the rotation of the internal cylinder  5   b , to cancel the rotational restriction of the internal cylinder  5   b  relative to the external cylinder  5   a  to permit the engine to start with the ignition key  3 . In this case, the engagement between the internal cylinder  5   b  and the external cylinder  5   a  is not cancelled unless the unlock signal with low potential is output to the lock mechanism  11 .  
     [0052] After the rotational restriction of the internal cylinder  5   b  is canceled, the key cylinder  5  becomes rotatable by the unlock operation of the ignition key  3  inserted into the keyhole  5   h  to start the engine.  
     [0053] Although the code reader  9  and the lock mechanism  11  are provided on the key cylinder  5 , the construction is not limited to the foregoing, and the code reader  9  and the lock mechanism  11  may be provided near the key cylinder  5 . The code reader  9  and the key cylinder  5  may be formed as subassembly. In this case, the distance between the code  3   a  and the code reader  9  becomes shorter. It is preferable that the light irradiated relative to the code  3   a  from the diffusion portion  9   b  of the code reader  9  does not leak from the bores  5   j ,  5   k  and that the light from the outside is blocked. Thus, the effect of ambient light on the code reading operation can be restrained to make it easy to read the code  3   a  by the code reader  9 , and thus the lock device having high code recognition with high a anti-theft function for preventing mal-operation is achieved.  
     [0054] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the unique code is provided on the ignition key and the unique code provided on the ignition key includes the different reflection rate when the light is irradiated on the unique code. Because reflective light is used, the communication function is not required on the ignition key and this improves the miniaturization of the ignition key. This provides an ignition key which is more portable. Because the fabrication of the unique code is easily performed compared to an electronic anti-theft device, the anti-theft performance is improved.  
     [0055] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the unique code provided on the ignition key can be read using reflective light because the code reader for reading the unique code by reflective light is provided. When the code reader is positioned close to the key cylinder or at the key cylinder for starting the engine, the unique code provided on the ignition key inserted into the key cylinder can be securely read by the code reader and the unique code can be identified. Thus, the allowance and prohibition for starting the engine can be performed based on the identification of the unique code.  
     [0056] In case the information read by the code reader and the information memorized in the memory are identical, the rotational operation of the key cylinder is allowed, and when both information are not identical to each other, the rotational operation of the key cylinder is prohibited. Thus, when the information read by the code reader and the information memorized in the memory are not identical to each other, the engine is not started and the start of the engine is prohibited by the double lock. Thus, the anti-theft performance is further improved.  
     [0057] When the detecting means for detecting the operation of the ignition key relative to the key cylinder is detected by the detection means, the code reader can be operated by the controller only when the operation of the ignition key relative to the key cylinder is detected and the detection means detects the insertion of the ignition key to the key cylinder.  
     [0058] Further, by performing the external reporting by the controller when the state that the information read by the code reader and the information memorized in the memory means are not identical is repeated for predetermined times, the anti-theft performance is further improved by reporting the emergency when the operation is repeated with the ignition key which does not have the unique code memorized in the memory means.  
     [0059] By controlling the start of the engine by the control means, because the anti-theft function can be added to the control means for performing the start of the engine and it is not necessary to have the independent control means for performing the anti-theft, the manufacturing cost can be reduced.  
     [0060] The principles, preferred embodiment and mode of operation of the present invention have been described in the foregoing specification. However, the invention which is intended to be protected is not to be construed as limited to the particular embodiment disclosed. Further, the embodiment described herein is to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. Variations and changes may be made by others, and equivalents employed, without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Accordingly, it is expressly intended that all such variations, changes and equivalents which fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the claims, be embraced thereby.