Patent Publication Number: US-2011058913-A1

Title: Tool head for use in a multiaxis machine, multiaxis machine having such a tool head, and use of such a machine

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     The present application claims the priority of European Patent Application No. 09169933.0, which was filed on 10 Sep. 2009 and is incorporated herein by reference. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the invention is a tool head for use in a multiaxis machine, a multiaxis machine having such a tool head, and the use of such a machine. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Prior Art 
     There is an entire array of specialized machines, which are designed and optimized for the processing of greatly varying materials and workpieces. The costs of such specialized machines are frequently relatively high. It is sometimes viewed as a disadvantage of these specialized machines that their capacity can only be ensured if large piece counts of identical or similar workpieces are to be processed. 
     There is an increasingly a demand to improve the capacity of the corresponding machines in that the machines are made more flexibly usable by add-ons or alterations. It can occur that the add-ons or alterations obstruct the actual use of the machine in the original specialized area, or the reliability or precision of the machine is impaired. 
     The object of the present invention is therefore to design a processing machine so that it is usable, on the one hand, as a gear cutting machine for manufacturing bevel gears, for example, but it can also be used for other processing methods or situations. 
     The object of the present invention is also to provide a tool head, which is flexibly and universally usable as part of a processing machine. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This object is achieved according to the present invention by a tool head, which is specially designed for use in a multiaxis machine. The tool head comprises a spindle body, which has two elements or assemblies, which are rotatably connected to one another via a corresponding coupling. The configuration is such that the first element of the two elements has a first longitudinal axis and the second element of the two elements has a second longitudinal axis, which are transferable depending on the rotational position from a concentric (stretched) position into an angled position. A first (main) drive is seated in or on the spindle body. A receptacle device is provided, which is situated on the second element. This receptacle device is designed for temporarily fastening a motor spindle, a motor, which is integrated in the motor spindle, being able to be supplied with energy (e.g., electrical power in the form of current) via the second element and connection means (e.g., electrical connection means) of the receptacle device. In addition, the receptacle device is designed for temporarily fastening a milling tool, the milling tool being drivable using the first drive. 
     The devices according to the invention are especially designed for the manufacturing of gearwheels and/or the processing of tooth flanks. The tools which are used are to be selected accordingly. 
     The most important advantage of the invention is seen in that a corresponding specialized machine equipped with the tool head according to the invention is more flexibly usable. In spite of the corresponding structural changes of the machine, the precision properties are not negatively impaired. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Further details and advantages of the invention are described hereafter on the basis of exemplary embodiments and with reference to the drawing. In the figures: 
         FIG. 1A  shows a schematic side view of a first tool head according to the invention in a stretched position; 
         FIG. 1B  shows a schematic side view of the first tool head according to the invention from  FIG. 1A  in an angled position; 
         FIG. 2  shows a schematic perspective view of a further tool head according to the invention in a stretched position; 
         FIG. 3A  shows a schematic side view of a machine according to the invention having tool head in a stretched position, the tool head carrying a motor spindle having milling cutter; 
         FIG. 3B  shows a schematic side view of the machine according to the invention having tool head from  FIG. 3A  in an angled position, the tool head carrying a motor spindle having milling cutter; 
         FIG. 3C  shows a schematic side view of a motor spindle having milling cutter; 
         FIG. 4A  shows a schematic side view of a machine according to the invention having tool head in a stretched position, the tool head carrying a milling tool; 
         FIG. 4B  shows a schematic side view of the machine according to the invention having tool head from  FIG. 4A  in an angled position, the tool head carrying a milling tool; 
         FIG. 4C  shows a schematic side view of a milling tool; 
         FIG. 5  shows a schematic side view of a further machine according to the invention having tool head in an angled position; 
         FIG. 6  shows a schematic side view of a further machine according to the invention having tool head in a stretched position, the tool head carrying a motor spindle having milling cutter; 
         FIG. 7  shows a schematic side view of a further machine according to the invention having tool head in a stretched position, the tool head carrying a motor spindle having milling cutter; 
         FIG. 8A  shows a sectional view of a further tool head according to the invention in an angled position, the tool head carrying a milling tool; 
         FIG. 8B  shows a sectional view of the tool head from  FIG. 8A  in an angled position, the tool head carrying a motor spindle having milling cutter; 
         FIG. 9  shows a sectional view of a further tool head according to the invention in an angled position, the tool head carrying a flange; 
         FIG. 10A  shows a sectional view of a further tool head according to the invention, the tool head carrying a milling tool; 
         FIG. 10B  shows a sectional view of the tool head from  FIG. 10A , the tool head carrying a motor spindle; 
         FIG. 10C  shows a sectional view of the tool head from  FIG. 10A , the tool head carrying a flange. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Terms are used in connection with the present description which are also used in relevant publications and patents. However, it is to be noted that the use of these terms is only to serve for better understanding. The ideas according to the invention and the protective scope of the patent claims are not to be restricted in their extent by the specific selection of the terms. The invention may be readily transferred to other term systems and/or technical fields. The terms are to be applied accordingly in other technical fields. 
     The invention relates to a novel tool head  110 , which is shown in two extreme positions in  FIGS. 1A and 1B . The tool head  110  is especially designed for use in a multiaxis machine  100 . The machine  100 , which is preferably a multiaxis, NC-controlled machine, is only shown as a block element in  FIGS. 1A to 9 . 
     The tool head  110  comprises a spindle body  105 , which has two elements or assemblies  101 ,  102 , as schematically indicated in  FIGS. 1A and 1B . The two elements  101  and  102  are rotatably connected to one another via a corresponding coupling  103 . The first element  101  has a first longitudinal axis WA 1  (also referred to as the first tool axis) and the second element has a second longitudinal axis WA 2  (also referred to as the second tool axis). The two elements  101 ,  102  are mechanically connected to one another by the coupling  103  in such a manner that they are transferable depending on the rotational position from a concentric position (also referred to as the stretched position) to an angled position. The stretched position, in which the longitudinal axes WA 1  and WA 2  are concentric to one another, is shown in  FIG. 1A . The angled position, in which the longitudinal axis WA 1  is angled to the longitudinal axis WA 2 , is shown in  FIG. 1B . The angle W between the two longitudinal axes WA 1 , WA 2  is somewhat greater than 90° in the example shown here. 
     Furthermore, the tool head  110  comprises a first drive A 1  (also referred to as the main drive), which is seated in or on the spindle body  105 . The first drive A 1  drives the so-called main axis. This first drive A 1  is preferably seated in the second element  102 , as shown in  FIGS. 1A ,  1 B,  3 A,  3 B,  4 A,  4 B,  8 A,  8 B, and  9 . 
     In addition, a receptacle device  120  (such as a clamping device) is provided, which is situated on the second element  102 . The receptacle device  120  is shown in purely schematic form in the figures. It is designed for the mechanical fastening of a motor spindle  20 , as shown in  FIGS. 3A and 3B . A motor M 1  is integrated in this motor spindle  20 , in order to set a tool  21  (such as a milling cutter  21 ) into a rotational movement around a so-called auxiliary axis R 1 . The motor M 1  of the motor spindle  20  can be supplied with energy (e.g., with electrical energy) and/or activated by an NC-controller  200  via the second element  102  and via connection means (e.g., electrical connection means) of the receptacle device  120 . The drive A 1  has two operating modes according to the invention: 
     1. The drive A 1  is used as a drive of a tool, such as a frontal cutter head  30  for bevel gear milling. In this case, it is operated using high torque, relatively “low” speeds, and low dynamic response (speed and rotational direction change). 
     2. The drive A 1  is used as a positioning drive (similarly to a “normal” CNC axis), e.g., to move the motor spindle  20 . This is performed using high dynamic response. 
     The drive A 1  is shown inverted in  FIGS. 3A and 3B  (white script on black background), in order to graphically indicate that this drive A 1  is not used in the situation shown for driving a tool (e.g., the tool  30 ), but rather the drive A 1  is used as a positioning drive. 
     Furthermore, the receptacle device  120  is designed so that alternatively also a milling tool  30  (preferably a cutter head) can be mechanically fastened. This milling tool  30  is drivable using the first drive A 1 . I.e., the receptacle device  120  not only ensures a fixed mechanical connection to the milling tool  30 , but rather it also allows the drive coupling of the milling tool  30  to the first drive A 1 . 
     The novel tool head  110  is shown in  FIG. 1A  in the concentric position (first extreme position) and in  FIG. 1B  in the angled position (second extreme position). There are numerous intermediate positions between these two positions, which are generated by twisting/pivoting the element  102  in relation to the element  101 . In both extreme positions, the tool axes WA 1  and WA 2  lie in a common plane. This common plane corresponds to the plane of the drawing in  FIGS. 1A and 1B . In contrast, the tool axis WA 2  is moved out of the plane in the intermediate positions. 
     A machine  100  in which the tool axis WA 1  is seated inclined slightly downward on a vertical surface  104  of the machine  100  (see  FIG. 1A ) or on a differently oriented lateral surface of the machine  100  is particularly preferred. The angle of inclination W 1  (see  FIG. 1B ) is preferably between 91 and 135° here. 
     The coupling  103  is preferably designed in the form of a connection like a universal joint, in order to allow the (continuous) pivoting and adjustment of the element  102  in relation to the element  101 . 
     A tool head  110  whose coupling  103  is implemented using two inclined surfaces  103 . 1 ,  103 . 2 , which are continuously pivotable in relation to one another, is particularly preferred. The fundamental principle of such a coupling  103  is shown in a perspective view in  FIG. 2 . The first element  101  has a round cross-section (in frontal section) and a diagonal terminal surface (diagonal surface)  103 . 1  in this exemplary embodiment. This diagonal surface  103 . 1  is oval in this exemplary embodiment. The second element  102  also has a round cross-section (in frontal cross-section) and a diagonal terminal surface (diagonal surface)  103 . 2 . This diagonal surface  103 . 2  is also oval. The two elements  101 ,  102  are shown in the concentric (stretched) position in  FIG. 2  and the tool axis WA 2  is coincident with the tool axis WA 1  (therefore, WA 1 =WA 2 ). 
     If the element  102  was pivoted in relation to the element  101  in  FIG. 2  until the other extreme position was reached, the tool axis WA 2  would point diagonally upward. 
     Furthermore, it is indicated in  FIG. 2  that, for example, a spindle seat in the form of a concentric (cylindrical or conically tapering) receptacle opening can be used as the receptacle device  120 . The opening and closing of the receptacle device  120  can be performed manually, electrically, pneumatically, or hydraulically. The details of such receptacle device is  120  are well known and will therefore not be described further here. Clamping devices which are known from the field of gear-cutting machines are particularly suitable. 
     Connection means  121 , via which a control connection to an NC-controller  200  of the machine  100  is producible, or which are used for the power supply of the motor M 1 , may also be situated on the receptacle device  120  or in the area of the receptacle device  120 . It is schematically shown in  FIG. 2  that two contact surfaces may be attached on the front side  107  of the second element  102 , for example. Upon fastening of the motor spindle  20 , contact pins or elements (e.g., the power terminals  23  in  FIG. 3C ) of the motor spindle  20  form an electrical connection with these contact surfaces  121 . Depending on the embodiment, pneumatic and/or hydraulic connection means may also be provided in the area of the receptacle device  120 . 
     In all embodiments, the receptacle device  120  is designed so that it can receive and mechanically fix either the motor spindle  20  (e.g., equipped with a milling cutter  21 ) or the milling tool  30 . The receptacle device  120  can also receive a flange  50  according to  FIG. 9 , for example. If the self-drivable motor spindle  20  is used, the receptacle device  120  must also ensure an electrical and/or pneumatic and/or hydraulic connection of the motor M 1  to the machine  100 . The (electrical) connection means  121  are provided for this purpose. The (electrical) connection means  121  are designed so that upon fastening of the motor spindle  20  on the second element  102 , for example, an electrical connection is produced manually or automatically. The manual connection can be performed by bringing together plug contacts, for example. An automatic connection can be implemented using contact pins or elements and corresponding contact surfaces  121 , for example. 
     When the milling tool  30  is used, the receptacle device  120  must ensure a drive connection of the drive A 1  to the milling tool  30 . The drive connection can be performed mechanically (for example, employing a shaft or a gearing). However, it is also possible to provide a hydraulic or pneumatic drive connection. 
     In  FIGS. 3A and 3B , a corresponding tool head  110  is shown equipped with the self-drivable motor spindle  20 . The self-drivable motor spindle  20  is inserted using a shaft  22  into a receptacle opening of the receptacle device  120  and chucked there using a clamping device. This shaft  22  runs coaxially to the tool axis WA 2  in the chucked state. Details of a self-drivable motor spindle  20  are indicated in  FIG. 3C . The power terminals  23  of the motor M 1  are shown in  FIG. 3C  by two dashed arrows. The corresponding machine-side power terminals  23  are shown in  FIG. 3A  by two dashed arrows. Hydraulic and/or pneumatic connections may also be used instead of the power terminals  23 . 
     A corresponding tool head  110  is shown equipped with a milling tool  30  (in the form of a cutter head here), which is driven on the machine side, in  FIGS. 4A and 4B . The milling tool  30  is inserted using a spindle or shaft  32  into a receptacle opening of the receptacle device  120  and chucked there using a clamping device. This shaft  32  runs coaxially to the tool axis WA 2  in the chucked state. Details of a milling tool  30  in the form of a cutter head are indicated in  FIG. 4C . Power terminals are not required here, because the milling tool  30  is driven directly by the drive A 1 . The corresponding drive connection  106  is indicated in  FIGS. 4A and 4B  by a double line, which extends between the drive A 1  and the milling tool  30 . 
     The constellation is shown in the stretched configuration in  FIG. 4A  and in the angle configuration in  FIG. 4B . The tool or processing side is identified by  31  in  FIG. 4C . Cutting edges or grinding surfaces may be located here, for example, or bar cutters may be used on the front side of the milling tool  30 . 
     An NC-controlled multiaxis machine is preferably used as the machine  100 . The controller  200  of the machine  100  and the constellation of the tool axes allows great flexibility, which is required by the adjustability of the axes and usability of the tools  20 ,  30 . The elements  101 ,  102  may be adjusted horizontally and/or vertically and/or laterally by adjustment movements  11  of one or more slides or carriages, for example. In addition, the angle of the axes WA 1  and WA 2  to one another can be adjusted by pivoting the element  102  in relation to the element  101 . 
     Optionally, the self-drivable motor spindle  20  can be rotated around the shaft  22 , as indicated in  FIG. 6  by the arrow P 1 . The drive A 1  (not shown in  FIG. 6 ) is used in this case as a positioning drive (similarly to a “normal” CNC axis) in order to move the motor spindle  20 . This is preferably performed with high dynamic response. 
     Finally, the tool  21  (such as an end milling cutter) completes a rotational movement around the auxiliary axis R 1 . The milling tool  30 , in contrast, completes a rotational movement around the tool axis WA 2 , which runs coaxially to the rotational axis R 2  of the shaft  32  (see  FIG. 4C ). 
     The torque demand around the tool axis WA 2  in the equipment with the self-drivable motor spindle  20  is less than in the direct equipment with the milling tool  30 . Therefore, a lesser torque is sufficient in the second case than in the first case. 
     The self-drivable motor spindle  20  is flexibly usable and can be used, for example, for reworking a workpiece. The productivity of the tool  21  of the self-drivable motor spindle  20  is less than that of the milling tool  30 . In contrast, if the milling tool  30  is used, the machine  100  can be used as a gear-cutting machine having greater productivity. 
     Milling refers here to the chip-removing processing of metals. According to the invention, for example, a cylindrical milling cutter  21  can be used as the tool (see  FIG. 3A , for example), which is especially designed for the chip-removing processing of hardened metals. The milling cutter  21  can be a milling cutter which is used for grinding, or it can be a milling cutter which has cutting edges or blades in order to remove chips. 
     The milling tool  30 , in contrast, can be equipped with a bar cutter set (for example, as a frontal cutter head). The individual bar cutters of the bar cutter set have cutting edges which are used for chip-removing processing. 
     The processing movement which is required for chip generation or removal is generated by rotation of the tool  21  (for example, in relation to a pre-finished tooth flank) around the auxiliary axis R 1  or by rotation of the milling tool  30  around the rotational axis R 2  (=WA 2 ). The feed movement required for the shaping is generated by relative movement of the tools  20  or  30  in relation to the workpiece. The corresponding movements may be caused by the NC-controller  200  of a multiaxis machine  100 . Rotating processing is also conceivable, in which the tool is fixed and the workpiece rotates. 
     The tool  21  and/or the milling tool  30  may be used running in the same direction or in the opposite direction as the workpiece. 
     According to the invention, a rotationally driven, cylindrical milling cutter  21  is preferably used as part of the self-drivable motor spindle  20 . The auxiliary axis R 1 , as shown in  FIGS. 3A and 3B , is used here as the rotational axis 
     The motor M 1 , which is integrated in the motor spindle  20 , is used as the drive for the milling cutter  21 . It is therefore an autonomous, i.e., self-drivable spindle  20 , as already expressed by the designation motor spindle. 
     The milling tool  30  is designated, in contrast thereto, as a tool driven by the machine, because its drive A 1  is seated on the machine side in the element  101 ,  102  or in the machine  100 . 
     In summary, it can be stated that a tool axis WA 2  on a machine  100  according to the invention is used once as a drive spindle having high torque demand and a rotational direction for operating a cutter head  30 , for example, for milling bevel gears, and once as a positioning and movement axis, but with variable velocities or directions for an auxiliary spindle (called motor spindle  20  here). This motor spindle  20  carries the tool  21  and forms an autonomously drivable and flexibly usable tool together therewith. 
     The effectively active tool axis is implemented as “multiaxial” (i.e., composed of multiple partial axes WA 1  and WA 2 ) in this case, and is movable or settable in relation to the workpiece. The effectively active tool axis is composed here of the two tool axes WA 1  and WA 2 , which stand in relation to one another in a specialized manner and are adjustable to one another. The adjustment of the tool axes WA 1 , WA 2  can be performed continuously. 
     A corresponding controller (preferably an NC-controller  200 ) is provided for coupling the axial movements. The particular tool  20 ,  30  can thus be guided along programmed movement paths. 
     In a further preferred embodiment, the entire tool head  110  is fastened so it is rotatable in the transition area  111  between tool head  110  and machine  100 . I.e., the tool head  100  can be pivoted around the tool axis WA 1  in relation to the machine  100 . Positions in which the second element  102  points upward, as indicated in  FIG. 5 , are thus also settable, for example. 
     Through such rotation in the area  111 , as indicated in  FIG. 6 , the motor spindle  20  with milling cutter  21  can be rotated around the tool axis WA 1 =WA 2  in the stretched position of the elements  101 ,  102 . This rotational movement is shown by the arrow P 1 . 
     In another embodiment, a pivot capability is provided in the area of the receptacle device  120  or on the shaft  22  of the motor spindle  20 . 
     In a particularly preferred embodiment, a positioning drive S 1  is provided in or on the tool head  110 , as indicated in  FIG. 7 . This positioning drive S 1  of the tool head  110  is activatable from the machine  100  (indicated in  FIG. 7  by two arrows  201 , which originate from the NC-controller  200 ), so that using a positioning movement, the second element  102  can be set into a desired angular position (rotated/tilted/pivoted) in relation to the first element  101 . The automatic adjustability which is made possible by such a positioning drive S 1  allows the machine  100  to be incorporated in automatic processing sequences. The positioning movement can either be performed before processing of a workpiece or continuously during the processing. 
     Details of a further embodiment are shown in  FIGS. 8A and 8B . In  FIG. 8A , the tool head  110  is equipped with a milling tool  30 , whose shaft  32  extends into the interior of the second element  102 . In  FIG. 8A , details of the corresponding receptacle device  120  may be seen, without being discussed in greater detail here. An energy supply  33  and a coupling mechanism for the motor spindle  20  to be flanged on, for example, are contained inside the shaft  32 . For example, the windings  40  of the drive A 1  may be situated in the area of the second element  102 . The drive A 1  can also (if it is not situated directly in the area of the shaft  32 ) be seated in the coupling area  103  or even in the first element  101  or in the machine  100 . Depending on the position of the drive A 1 , it can be connected to drive the milling tool  30  using a rigid shaft (e.g., shaft  106  in  FIG. 4A ) and/or a gearing or using a flexible shaft and/or a propeller shaft. 
     A constellation is shown in  FIG. 8A  in which the lateral surface  104  of the machine  100  is inclined. The milling tool  30  can thus, in a hanging position (as shown in  FIG. 8A ), process a workpiece, for example, which rests flatly on a table below the tool head  110 . 
     In  FIG. 8B , the tool head  110  is equipped with a motor spindle  20  including milling cutter  21 . The energy supply  33  of the motor spindle  20  extends into the interior of the second element  102 . Details of the corresponding receptacle device  120  may be recognized in  FIG. 8B , without being discussed in greater detail here. The auxiliary axis R 1  is perpendicular to the tool axis WA 2 , but can also be situated at another angle. Depending on the embodiment, the motor spindle  20  can be rotated around the tool axis WA 2  or the tool head  110  can be rotated around the tool axis WA 1 , as already described. The drive A 1  can be used during the processing of a workpiece when the motor spindle  20  is used, the drive A 1  then being used as a positioning drive. Optionally, the drive A 1  can be used to rotate the motor spindle  20  around the tool axis WA 2 , however. 
     A further embodiment is shown in  FIG. 9 . The elements are essentially the same again and are therefore not described once again. However, a flange  50  was used here. This flange  50  comprises a central hole  51  for receiving a tool (e.g., a drilling tool). 
     A further embodiment is shown in  FIG. 10A . The elements are essentially the same again and are therefore not described once again. It is a tool head  110  having a fork head, the fork head having a pivot axis WS, around which the second element  102  can be tilted or pivoted. Two shaft stubs  42  of the second element  102  are seated in holes of the first element  101 . For example, the windings and magnet (designated as a whole as  41 ) of two direct drives are situated in the area of the holes, which allow the pivot or tilting movement of the second element  102  around the pivot axis WS to be executed. The pivot axis WS is a so-called NC positioning axis, which is designed for the purpose of executing positioning movements before or during the processing of a workpiece. 
       FIG. 10B  shows a sectional view of the tool head  110  according to  FIG. 10A  in a stretched position, the tool head  110  carrying a motor spindle  20 . The motor spindle  20  in turn comprises a motor M 1 , as indicated in  FIG. 10B , in order to allow the rotation of the tool  21  around the auxiliary axis R 1 .  FIG. 10C  shows a sectional view of the tool head  110  from  FIG. 10A  in a stretched position, the tool head  110  carrying a flange  50 . The elements are essentially the same again and are therefore not described once again. 
     The change between milling tool  30  and motor spindle  20  can be performed automatically. In this case, the receptacle device  120  is designed for automated operation. 
     The first drive A 1  and the receptacle device  120  are preferably dimensioned for torque forces which are greater than 1500 Nm, in order to be able to use the drive A 1  as the drive of  30 , for example, for bevel gear milling, in the first case. 
     The various embodiments may be readily combined with one another in order to allow further constellations. 
     The tool head  110  is used as an intelligent (electromechanical, hydraulic-mechanical, or pneumatic-mechanical) interface of the machine  100  and can make a multiaxis machine  100  more flexibly usable. By attaching the motor spindle  20  having integrated motor M 1 , the machine  100  is expandable by a further NC axis. An optimized specialized machine  100  (such as a bevel gear cutting machine) may thus become a universally usable processing center. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 adjustment movement 
                 11 
               
               
                   
                 motor spindle 
                 20 
               
               
                   
                 tool/milling cutter 
                 21 
               
               
                   
                 shaft 
                 22 
               
               
                   
                 power terminals 
                 23 
               
               
                   
                 machine-side power terminals 
                 24 
               
               
                   
                 milling tool 
                 30 
               
               
                   
                 tool or processing side 
                 31 
               
               
                   
                 spindle or shaft 
                 32 
               
               
                   
                 energy supply 
                 33 
               
               
                   
                 winding 
                 40 
               
               
                   
                 direct drive 
                 41 
               
               
                   
                 shaft stubs 
                 42 
               
               
                   
                 flange 
                 50 
               
               
                   
                 multiaxis machine 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 first element or first assembly 
                 101 
               
               
                   
                 second element or second assembly 
                 102 
               
               
                   
                 coupling 
                 103 
               
               
                   
                 diagonal surfaces 
                 103.1, 103.2 
               
               
                   
                 vertical surface or lateral surface 
                 104 
               
               
                   
                 spindle body 
                 105 
               
               
                   
                 drive connection 
                 106 
               
               
                   
                 front side 
                 107 
               
               
                   
                 tool head 
                 110 
               
               
                   
                 transition area 
                 111 
               
               
                   
                 connection means 
                 121 
               
               
                   
                 NC-controller 
                 200 
               
               
                   
                 control lines 
                 201 
               
               
                   
                 (main) drive (machine-side) 
                 A1 
               
               
                   
                 arrow 
                 P1 
               
               
                   
                 auxiliary axis 
                 R1 
               
               
                   
                 rotational axis 
                 R2 
               
               
                   
                 motor 
                 M1 
               
               
                   
                 positioning drive 
                 S1 
               
               
                   
                 angle of inclination 
                 W1 
               
               
                   
                 angle 
                 W 
               
               
                   
                 pivot axis 
                 WS 
               
               
                   
                 tool axes 
                 WA1, WA2