Patent Publication Number: US-11657697-B2

Title: Container with content monitoring and reporting capabilities

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/929,559, filed May 9, 2020, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,276,295, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/374,547, filed Apr. 3, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,650,660, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/034,449, filed Jul. 13, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,565,853, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/198,582, filed Jun. 30, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,026,295, which is a continuation-in-part of, and claims the benefit of, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/057,289, filed Mar. 1, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,643,451, which application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/610,641, filed Jan. 30, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,361,772, which application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/933,101, filed Jul. 1, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,976,036, which application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/593,514, filed Aug. 24, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,502,692, which application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/503,065, filed Jul. 14, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,279,076. The above-referenced applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     One of the cruelest jokes we have ever played on ourselves is the naming of the memory medicine  Ginkgo Biloba . Not a smart marketing strategy either. Nonetheless, the product tends to sell and a reason for the sales may simply be that most of us are plagued and frustrated by memory failures. These symptoms manifest itself in trying to remember a person&#39;s name, an item that our spouse asked us to pick up at the grocery store, or even simply the reason that we got up off of the couch, walked all the way into another room in the house and then stood there wondering why. Most of these situations can be comically laughed off; however, there are situations where memory failures can be quite problematic or even catastrophic. 
     A perfect example of a situation in which the adverse effect of memory lapses can be realized is in the taking or administering of medication. Depending on the medication and the individual, failure to take medication can result in severe harm. In view of this, one can appreciate that it can be very important to remember to take or administer medication, and to do so in a timely manner. Thus, what is needed in the art is a mechanism that can remind or notify an individual that he or she must take or administer medication, and even when the medication must be taken or administered. 
     Another example of a situation in which the adverse effect of memory lapses can be realized is in remembering that you have already received or administered a medication. Such memory lapses can result in an overdose of a medication. In view of this, one can appreciate that it would be advantageous to have a device that keeps track of taken and/or administered dosages, notifies or alerts an individual attempting to take or administer an overdose and/or takes measures to help prevent overdosing. 
     Most medications that are prescribed to individuals, as well as animals, are provided in containers, such as pill bottles, bottles of serum, or pill pouches etc. The packaging for medication can conveniently operate as a dosage reminder/control gateway in that the person taking or administering the medication at a minimum, must approach the packaging to obtain the dosage. In view of this characteristic, there is a need in the art for a dosage reminder or overdose preventer mechanism that can be attached to, adhered to or otherwise be associated with the packaging. 
     Related to these needs in the art there are additional needs in the art with respect to determining if a container in general has been opened, moved, tampered with, etc., as well as providing historical data about such activity with the container and providing alerts regarding such activity. These needs in the art can arise in a variety of settings, and a few examples include detecting movement or opening of a liquor bottle, detecting opening of a liquor of gun cabinet, detect movement of a moisture testing apparatus, etc. 
     Therefore, there is a need in the art for a device that can be used to detect when a container, such as a medicine package or otherwise, has been moved, opened or otherwise tampered with, collecting and storing information about such activity, and reporting to or alerting a person or system of such activity. 
     SUMMARY 
     In a broad sense, the disclosure presents an activity monitor that can be attached, affixed or integrated into a variety of devices, such as to the existing packaging of consumer goods that otherwise would not have such capability, and provide monitoring, alerting and/or reporting activity associated with the device. In one embodiment, the activity monitor operates as a medicine reminder. This embodiment includes a schedule which can be pre-programmed at the factory, the doctor&#39;s office or the pharmacist, can be programmed by the user, can be programmed remotely (such as via an interface to a user device or a monitoring system) or simply be programmed automatically by learning the behavior of the user. The activity monitor is affixed to the medicine bottle and activity associated with the bottle, such as movement, opening, volume changes, etc. are monitored in view of the schedule. If the schedule indicates that a dose of medicine should be taken at a particular time, but the monitored activity does not determine that the medicine has been taken, an alert signal will be issued to alert the user that it is time to take the medicine. In addition, if the monitored activity indicates that the medicine bottle has been opened prior to a scheduled time, then a tamper alert can be triggered. 
     In another embodiment, the activity monitor operates only as a tamper detector. In this embodiment, the activity monitor is attached to a device or container and then started. Any movement or activity associated with the device or container is analyzed and/or recorded and may result in triggering a tamper alarm. In some embodiments, the tamper detector may define windows of time during which activity is permitted to occur and during which activity is not permitted to occur. Activity occurring during a permitted window will not trigger a tamper alarm. 
     Other embodiments of the invention comprise one or more systems. The systems may include containers with activity monitors, as well as other elements such as user communication devices, physician devices, pharmacy devices, vehicles, a host system and other third party devices. In one embodiment, the system may collect information from various activity monitors, and store and analyze that information. The information may be used by the system to report potential drug interactions, changes in medication dosages, failure to take medication and the like. 
     These and many other embodiments, as well as various features, aspects and functions of the various embodiments are more fully presented below. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1 A  and  FIG.  1 B  are conceptual depictions of one embodiment of the activity monitor with  FIG.  1 A  illustrating a top view and  FIG.  1 B  illustrating a side view. 
         FIG.  2    is a functional block diagram of the components of an exemplary embodiment of the electronic circuitry. 
         FIG.  3    is a conceptual diagram illustrating one environment suitable for various embodiments of the activity monitor. 
         FIG.  4    is a conceptual diagram illustrating another environment suitable for various embodiments of the activity monitor. 
         FIG.  5    is a conceptual diagram illustrating another environment suitable for various embodiments of the activity monitor. 
         FIG.  6    is a conceptual diagram illustrating an activity monitor with an adhesive connector. 
         FIG.  7    is a conceptual diagram illustrating an activity monitor built into a cap structure. 
         FIG.  8    is a conceptual diagram illustrating an alternate location of attaching the activity monitor to a bottle. 
         FIG.  9    is a state diagram illustrating the operation of a programmable user interface in an exemplary embodiment of the activity monitor. 
         FIG.  10    is a flow diagram illustrating exemplary steps in an embodiment of the learning mode. 
         FIG.  11    is a flow diagram illustrating typical steps in an exemplary operational mode. 
         FIG.  12 A  and  FIG.  12 B  show perspective views of a scale-type activity monitor, according to one exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  13    shows an exploded view of the scale-type activity monitor shown in  FIGS.  12 A and  12 B . 
         FIG.  14    shows a section view of the scale-type activity monitor shown in  FIGS.  12 A and  12 B . 
         FIG.  15 A  and  FIG.  15 B  show a scale-type activity monitor embedded within a container to measure the mass of the container and any contents therein, according to one exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  16    shows an exemplary bottle configured to receive the scale-type activity monitor shown in  FIGS.  15 A and  15 B . 
         FIG.  17    shows an exemplary housing of the scale-type activity monitor shown in  FIGS.  15 A and  15 B . 
         FIG.  18    shows a section view of the scale-type activity monitor shown in  FIGS.  15 A and  15 B . 
         FIG.  19 A  and  FIG.  19 B  show a scale-type activity monitor embedded within a container to measure the mass of any contents therein, according to one exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  20    shows an exemplary bottle configured to receive the scale-type monitor shown in  FIGS.  19 A and  19 B . 
         FIG.  21    shows an exemplary loading platform of the scale shown in  FIGS.  19 A and  19 B . 
         FIG.  22    shows an exemplary housing of the scale shown in  FIGS.  19 A and  19 B . 
         FIG.  23    shows a section view of the scale-type activity monitor shown in  FIGS.  19 A and  19 B . 
         FIG.  24    illustrates one embodiment of a system including at least one container having an associated activity monitor of the invention. 
         FIG.  25    illustrates one embodiment of a method of the present invention using a system such as that illustrated in  FIG.  24   . 
         FIGS.  26 A-C  illustrate graphical interfaces in accordance with the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     The present disclosure, as well as features and aspects thereof, is directed towards an activity monitoring or detection device, apparatus, system and/or method that monitors or detects activity associated with a container. The activity monitoring device or system has particular utility to a medicant container, although it will be appreciated that the activity monitor presented in this disclosure may be used in a variety of settings and environments and may be used for a variety of purposes. Specific examples are illustrated and described within the disclosure to provide a general, overall and specific understanding of the various aspects, functions, operations and capabilities of the activity monitor but, such specific examples are provided as non-limiting examples. 
     One specific example in which an embodiment of the activity monitor may be utilized in within the context of a medicine bottle or container. In this example, the activity monitor can operate as a medicine reminder to: (a) signal a user that it is time to take or administer the specific prescription medication, vitamin, over the counter medication, herb etc. (collectively referred to as medicine) that is stored in the bottle, (b) alert or indicate to the user that the medicine has already been taken and that no additional dosages are due at the present time, (c) assist the user in finding the medicine bottle, and/or (d) alert or indicate to the user that someone has moved or opened the bottle at an inappropriate time. 
     Further elaborating on the activity monitor for a medicine bottle, one embodiment may include a small device that can be attached to the top or cap of the medicine bottle. When the cap on the monitored medicine bottle has not been opened at a scheduled time the activity monitor enters a “reminder alert” state indicating that the content in the medicine bottle has not been take at its scheduled time or within a scheduled window of time. Additionally, the activity monitor can alert the user if the container has been improperly tampered with by someone that the content is not intended for (e.g. teenage kids in the household) and signals this to the user by entering a “tamper alert” state. Further, the activity monitor can provide a higher-level of service by recording and providing or sending the time and the dosage taken of a medication to a central monitoring system. This information, along with other information that can be collected by other health monitoring devices (such as that manufactured by Dexcom) attached to the body can be pertinent information to provide a more real-time evaluation of the performance and impact that a medication is having on a patient, rather than having to make a 2-month follow-up visit. 
     Turning now to the figures in which several embodiments of the activity monitor are presented, and common elements are represented with common labels, the various elements of the embodiments are presented in more detail. 
       FIG.  1 A  and  FIG.  1 B  are conceptual depictions of one embodiment of the activity monitor with  FIG.  1 A  illustrating a top view and  FIG.  1 B  illustrating a side view. The activity monitor  100  includes a case  110 . Positioned on the top of the case  110  are four buttons  120  (A, B, C and D) and an alert element  130 . The activity monitor  100  includes electronic circuitry and/or software, including an accelerometer and a battery power source  140  (shown in dotted lines as they are embedded within the device). The electronic circuitry interfaces to the four buttons or actuators  120 , the accelerometer and the alert element  130 . 
       FIG.  2    is a functional block diagram of the components of an exemplary embodiment of the electronic circuitry  140 . It will be appreciated that not all of the components illustrated in  FIG.  2    are required in all embodiments of the activity monitor but, each of the components are presented and described in conjunction with  FIG.  2    to provide a complete and overall understanding of the components. The electronic circuitry can include a general computing platform  140  illustrated as including a processor/memory device  204  that may be integrated with each other or, communicatively connected over a bus or similar interface  206 . The processor  204  can be a variety of processor types including microprocessors, micro-controllers, programmable arrays, custom IC&#39;s etc. and may also include single or multiple processors with or without accelerators or the like. The memory element of  204  may include a variety of structures, including but not limited to RAM, ROM, magnetic media, optical media, bubble memory, FLASH memory, EPROM, EEPROM, etc. The processor, or other components may also provide components such as a real-time clock, analog to digital convertors, digital to analog convertors, etc. The processor  204  also interfaces to a variety of elements including a control interface  202 , a display adapter  208 , audio adapter  210 , an accelerometer  212  and network/device interface  214 . The control interface  202  provides an interface to external controls  120 , such as sensor, actuators or the like. The display adapter  208  can be used to drive a variety of alert elements  130 , such as display devices including an LED display, LCD display, one or more LEDs or other display devices. The audio adapter  210  interfaces to and drives another alert element  130 ′, such as a speaker or speaker system, buzzer, bell, etc. The network/device interface  214  may interface to a variety of devices (not shown) such as a keyboard, a mouse, a pin pad, and audio activate device, a PS3 or other game controller, as well as a variety of the many other available input and output devices or, another computer or processing device  226 . The network/device interface  214  can also be used to interface the computing platform  140  to other devices through a network  220  (LAN/WAN/Internet, etc.). The network may be a local network, a wide area network, wireless network, a global network such as the Internet, or any of a variety of other configurations including hybrids, etc. The network/device interface  214  may be a wired interface or a wireless interface. The computing platform  140  is shown as interfacing to a remote monitoring system or server  222  and to one or more a third party systems  224 , such as through the network  220 . A battery or power source  228  provides power for the computing platform  140 . In other embodiments, as described below, the activity monitor might comprise detection or measuring devices and one or more communication interfaces which communicate the output of those devices (in raw, unprocessed form, or in processed form) to one or more remote devices (such as directed to a user&#39;s device, such as a PDA, tablet, computer, smart phone or the like, or to the monitoring system  222 ). 
     In some embodiments the activity monitor may interact with other activity monitors or devices through a ZigBee type network architecture. In such an embodiment, the activity monitors can gain intelligence by detecting, receiving and learning other activities or other drugs, medications or substances that were also taken, and at what time (e.g. other vitamins with certain food, this drug with this food, etc.) and then interface with the other devices to provide recommendations, warnings or instructions about any potential overdoses, drug interactions, etc. 
       FIG.  3    is a conceptual diagram illustrating one environment suitable for various embodiments of the activity monitor. In this embodiment, the activity monitor  100  is shown as being attached or affixed to a medicine bottle  300  containing medicine to be administered. The activity monitor  100  is attached to the top cap of the medicine bottle using any of a variety of techniques, including gluing, adhesive tape, snaps or similar rigid connectors, a screw, tabs, etc. One embodiment of the activity monitor  100  includes a pre-attached adhesive tape component with a protective cover. In this embodiment, to attach the activity monitor  100  to the medicine bottle  300 , the adhesive protector is simply removed, and the tacky surface is pressed against the medicine bottle top or cap. From this point, the activity monitor  100  is then ready to be programmed or activate to schedule and/or monitor use of the content in the container. 
       FIG.  4    is a conceptual diagram illustrating another environment suitable for various embodiments of the activity monitor. In this embodiment, the activity monitor  100  is shown as being attached, affixed or integrated into a cork or stopper for a bottle, such as a liquor bottle, medicine bottle or any other type bottle  400 . In this embodiment, the activity monitor  100  can come with the bottle  400  or sold separately and use after the bottle is initially opened. Once the stopper with the activity monitor  100  is inserted into the bottle, the bottle can then be monitored. 
       FIG.  5    is a conceptual diagram illustrating another environment suitable for various embodiments of the activity monitor. In this embodiment, the activity monitor  100  is shown as being attached, affixed or integrated into a screw-on bottle cap  510 , such as a liquor bottle, medicine bottle or any other type bottle  500 . In this embodiment, the activity monitor  100  can come with the bottle  500  or sold separately and use after the bottle is initially opened. Once the stopper with the activity monitor  100  is attached to the cap and the cap is placed onto the bottle, the bottle can then be monitored. 
       FIG.  6    is a conceptual diagram illustrating an activity monitor with an adhesive connector. In this embodiment, underside of the activity monitor  100  includes an adhesive tape, such as a double-sided tape  600  that is attached to the underside of the activity monitor  100 . The opposing side of the adhesive tape is typically covered by a plastic coating or shield to prevent the adhesive from inadvertently being attached to a surface or gathering debris. Various other attachment mechanisms may also be used including Velcro or any loop and hook technique as well as similar structures. When the activity monitor  100  is being put to use, the plastic cover can be removed and the activity monitor  100  can be attached to the surface of the container or object to be monitored. 
       FIG.  7    is a conceptual diagram illustrating an activity monitor built into a cap structure. In this embodiment, the activity monitor  100  is integrated into a cap  700  that can be attached to various bottles compatible with the given cap size. As is typical for a bottle cap, ridges  710  may be included on the surface of the cap to facilitate removal and placement. 
       FIG.  8    is a conceptual diagram illustrating an alternate location of attaching the activity monitor to a bottle. 
     Thus, it will be appreciated that the activity monitor may come in a wide variety of shapes, sizes, forms, configurations etc., and the above-presented embodiments have been provided as non-limiting examples. 
     Operation of the Activity Monitor 
     The operation of the activity monitor will be described in three functional stages to facilitate a better understanding. However, it should be appreciated that the functional stages can be mutually exclusive of each other or, in some embodiments two or more stages may coexist on a single activity monitor. 
     The three stages include: (1) programming; (2) operational; and (3) reporting. 
     Programming Stage 
     The programming stage involves the setting up of the activity monitor to perform a desired function. The activity monitor can be provided as a pre-programmed device with fixed, non-changeable settings or, the activity monitor can include a user interface for changing, modifying and programming the operation of the activity monitor. In the former embodiment, the programming stage of the activity monitor occurs during factory construction or, may simply be a default due to memory and/or hardware configurations of the activity monitor. In the latter embodiment, the activity monitor includes a user interface that allows the user to program, modify or configure the operation of the activity monitor. 
     The programming of the activity monitor configures the activity monitor for a specific application or use. In one embodiment, the activity monitor is set at factory fabrication to include one or more operational configurations. Thus, the activity monitor can be fabricated for different and specific applications. In other embodiments, general purpose activity monitors that include several pre-programmed features can be configured at fabrication. In yet other embodiments, the activity monitor may include configurable features and operations that can be selected and/or adjusted after fabrication, either at the factory or by a distributor, seller, OEM, or user of the activity monitor. 
     For programmable embodiments, the activity monitor will include an interface for either programming the activity monitor, selecting features of the activity monitor, or setting parameters to adjust the operation of one or more features of the activity monitor. The programming interface may range from a rudimentary interface of a few buttons with audible or LED light feedback confirmation to an elaborate, PC based application program that configures and programs the activity monitor through a port, such as a wireless port (e.g. 802.11, Bluetooth, ZigBee, etc.) or a wired port (e.g. USB, FIREWIRE, etc.). Furthermore, such an application may allow various software downloads into the activity monitor, including software upgrades, selection and activation of desired features, parameter settings, etc. Furthermore, programming can occur from the system level based on information that was obtained based on the customers use pattern. Doctors, pharmaceuticals, children. Grandparents, etc. who are authorized to make schedule changes can program the device from the system. 
     Operational Stage 
     Once the activity monitor is programmed, it is ready to enter operational stage. However, the activity monitor may remain dormant for an extended period of time before it placed into the operational stage. Also, the reader should understand that even if the operational stage is entered, the programming stage can be reentered at any time for embodiments that allow reprogramming of the activity monitor. The operational stage may be entered or triggered in a variety of fashions. A few non-limiting examples including pushing an “on” button, removing a plastic cover over the battery to allow continuity, removing a cover from a photovoltaic sensor, etc. During the operational stage, the activity monitor monitors various sensors and makes operational decisions based on such monitoring. For instance, the activity monitor may monitor one or more accelerometers, a photovoltaic sensor, biometric sensor, a pressure switch, a magnetic switch, an electromagnetic switch, RFID detectors, user interface buttons etc. During the operational stage, the activity monitor may also record data into its internal memory or, transmit date to an external device over a wired or wireless interface. 
     Reporting Stage 
     Upon completion of the operational stage or, at some point after the operational stage is entered, it may be desired to extract data from the activity monitor. This is referred to as the reporting stage. The types of data, frequency of reports, etc. can vary greatly depending on the particular use of the activity monitor. In any case, in the reporting stage the data that is stored internal to the activity monitor or, that has been previously extracted is reviewed and any necessary reports that reflect information about the data can be generated. 
     Examples of Embodiments 
     Although the reader will appreciate that a wide variety of uses could be employed for the activity monitor, a few non-limiting examples are provided to illustrate the various capabilities, aspects and functions of various embodiments of the activity monitor. 
     Medicine Reminder 
     One feature that may be incorporated into an embodiment of the activity monitor includes the medicine reminder feature. This feature operates to alert a person or a person caring for a person, patient, animal, etc., that it is time to administer a dosage of the medication contained within a bottle. Thus, the activity monitor is attached to the bottle of interest. The activity monitor is programmed to provide an alert at the specific dosage times. For instance, if the medicine is to be taken in 4 dosages throughout a 24-hour period, the activity monitor can be programmed to provide the alert every 6 hours. In some embodiments, the exact hours are fixed (such as 6 am, 12 pm, 6 pm and 12 am) but, in other embodiments the exact hours can be adjusted through the user interface, at the factory or based on the specific times that the activity monitor is used in the learn mode (e.g., 8 am, 12 pm, 5 pm and 11 pm—because this works best with the user&#39;s schedule) configuration. When the activity monitor provides the alert, the activity monitor then begins to monitor the bottle activity. If the activity monitor does not detect that the bottle has been tended to, such as the accelerometer detecting that the bottle has been moved or opened, or other sensors in the activity monitor detect activity that indicates the same, then the activity monitor may be programmed to provide an escalating alert notification (e.g., an increasingly louder alarm). If the activity monitor detects that the bottle has been moved or opened, or that medicine has been removed from the container, then the alarm can automatically be reset. In other embodiments, the activity monitor may include a reset button to silence the alert condition and begin the next cycle. 
     Medicine Alarm 
     Another feature that may be incorporated into an embodiment of the activity monitor includes the medicine alarm. The feature operates to help prevent over dosages of a medication. For instance, if this feature is combined with the medicine reminder feature, once the activity monitor detects that the medication has been taken, a lock-out timer can be initiated. If the activity monitor detects that the bottle or container has been moved or opened during the lock-out period, an alert can be triggered to notify the user that no dosages are presently due to be administered or taken. 
     Tamper Detector 
     Another feature that may be incorporated into an embodiment of the activity monitor includes a tamper detector. As a tamper detector, the activity monitor can be affixed or attached to a variety of items or containers. If the activity monitor detects that the device or container has been moved, opened, jarred, etc., it can record such information as a data entry and/or provide an alert indicator. The tamper detector may also include windows of time at which activity would be considered to be a tamper, and windows of time during which activity is permissible. For instance, liquor bottles in a bar would include a window of permissible activity during working hours but, if the bottle is moved while the bar is closed, this would be considered as a tamper. The tamper detector may be configured such that the entrance of a specific key sequence or authorization code can be used to silence the alarm or exit the alarm state. If the code is not entered properly, the alarm condition continues. Further, rather than simply sounding an alarm, the tamper detector may also include an interface to provide external notification (i.e., POTS, Cellular, Internet, etc.). 
     Closed-Loop Medication Monitor 
     It will be appreciated that the interaction of medication with an individual can vary depending on a wide variety of circumstances and elements. Such circumstances and elements can include the body weight of the individual, the individual&#39;s metabolism, the dietary habits of the individual, the saturation of the medication in the individual, the absorption rate of the medication, etc. For instance, the activity monitor can be integrated into or with other monitors, sensors and devices to provide an overall control mechanism for the administration of medication. As an example, the activity monitor operating as a medicine reminder may be programmed to administer certain dosages of medication at specific times. However, in response to feedback from other sources, such feedback being associated with one or more of the above-identified circumstances and elements, as well as others, the dosage amount and periodicity of the dosage can be modified in real-time. Thus, such an embodiment provides a closed-loop monitoring system that can help to optimize the administration of medications. 
     To further facilitate the understanding of the various aspects, features and applications of the various embodiments of the activity monitor, a few additional non-limiting examples are provided. 
     Simplified User Interface 
     In one embodiment, the activity monitor includes simplified user interface for programming of the medicine reminder function. In the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS.  1 A and  1 B , the activity monitor includes 4 buttons. However, it will be appreciated that the activity monitor can include more or fewer buttons and the 4-button configuration is provided as a non-limiting example only. In the illustrated embodiment, the medicine reminder operation can be set by a user pressing one of the four buttons and holding it down for a given period of time (i.e., 10 seconds) to select the mode of operation associated with the button. If the buttons are labeled  1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4 , pressing and holding the button can activate the medicine reminder to sound an alarm for the selected number of dosages, periodically through a 24-hour period beginning at the current time. Thus, if the user presses and holds the 3 button down for the required period of time, the user will be notified to take a dose at the current time (or this may simply be assumed) and then, notified again every 8 hours that another dosage is due. 
     In other embodiments, the activity monitor may include intelligence that monitors the activity of the user and adjusts the schedule accordingly. For instance, if the user takes a certain medication regularly, if the activity monitor detects that the user is always 1 hour late for a particular dose, then the activity monitor may adjust the dosage time to more align with the user&#39;s schedule. Further, the user may be allowed to program the activity monitor to provide alert notifications at specific times. Thus, the user can have a schedule that is not exactly aligned on a periodic basis but is within prescribed parameters for the particular medication. Further, the schedule may be adjusted due to other factors or data received from other sources. For instance, environmental issues (i.e., atmosphere, temperature, stress levels, sleep quantity/quality, etc.) may be used to retard or accelerate the dosage due notice. For instance, in the case of a migraine patient, a sudden change in barometric pressure may trigger an earlier notification to take a drug such as Topamax or a Triptan. 
     Programmable User Interface 
       FIG.  9    is a state diagram illustrating the operation of a programmable user interface in an exemplary embodiment of the activity monitor. In this embodiment, the activity monitor  100  can be programmed for multiple alerting times (such as four schedules) within a given period of time, typically a 24-hour period. It should be appreciated that although the present example is described as including up to four alert times within a 24-hour period, that any number of alert times over any period of time could also be utilized. For instance, the alerts could be based on a time period of a week, 12 hours, or any other time period including varying times between dosages. 
     In the embodiment being described, a new activity monitor is first resident in the dormant state  902 . In the dormant state, the activity monitor does not have any power being applied to the circuitry. To exit the dormant state  902 , power is applied to the activity monitor. Applying power can be accomplished in a variety of techniques including, but not limited to, moving a switch, installing a battery, removing a battery isolator plastic strip, or the like. Once power is applied to the activity monitor, the activity monitor transitions to the virgin mode  904 . 
     In the virgin mode  904 , the activity monitor has power applied to it but, it has not received any programming information or, has not received the necessary programming details for operation. 
     The embodiment being described includes a learning mode  906  to facilitate self-programming or assisted programming of the activity monitor. Once the activity monitor is attached to a cap or container, the initial programming is performed by first placing the activity monitor into a “learning mode”. In an illustrative embodiment, to enter the learning mode, an actuation by a user is performed. For example, a user may press and hold a particular button, such as the top or center button  130  for a period of time, such as 10 seconds, to cause a transition to the learning mode  906 . However, it will also be appreciated that the activity monitor may automatically transition from the virgin mode  904  to the learning mode  906  after being powered up or after a particular period of time. In addition, some embodiments may transition from the dormant mode  902  directly to the learning mode  906 . 
       FIG.  10    is a flow diagram illustrating exemplary steps in an embodiment of the learning mode. Once the learning mode  906  has been entered, an indicator can be provided as feedback to the user  1002 . For instance, to indicate that the activity monitor is in the learning mode  906 , the four external LED&#39;s  120  can blink, alternating between red and green. When the activity monitor  100  enters the learning mode  906 , it resides in this mode for a programming period of time, such as 24-hours. During the programming period, the activity monitor monitors the use of, and memorizes/records the use of the container associated with the activity monitor. 
     In a typical learning mode  906 , a loop can be entered to program one or more schedules based on activity associated with the container. Initially the activity monitor looks for the detection of activity  1004 . The first time that the container is opened, accessed or moved within the programming period while learning mode is active, the activity monitor records the time of the activity and associates the time with the program for schedule  1 . For instance, in a particular embodiment, if activity is detected  1004 , then the time of the activity is recorded for one of the available schedules (such as the next incremental schedule(n))  1006 . Prior to accepting the activity as a valid programming, the activity monitor may conduct an analysis of the activity  1008 . The analysis applies heuristics or rules to verify that the activity detected actually constitutes a programming request. The heuristics may include a variety of rules or criteria. A few non-limiting examples include: 
     (a) is the activity too proximate to other recent activity 
     (b) did the activity meet a threshold activity level, was it too short to constitute an opening, was it too long, etc. 
     (c) is the current time an increment of previously stored schedule times? 
     (d) automatically suggesting activating specific times of use based on the med type, information received from the doctor and systems and info from the sleeping patterns, etc. 
     Once the activity monitor accepts the activity as a programming action, the program schedule is update and an indicator that schedule(n) has been programmed can be provided through indicator(n)  1010 . Thus, the time of the activity may be stored in a memory location associated with a first schedule, with each of the LED&#39;s on the activity monitor being associated with a schedule as well. After programming the first schedule, the first LED is changed to represent that the programming for that schedule has been accepted and is complete. For instance, the LED may change from alternating between red and green to be a solid green, or simply flashing green. The remaining LED&#39;s on the activity monitor continue blinking to show that learning mode is still active. 
     The activity monitor then determines if the learning mode should be exited  1012  and if not, processing continues at step  1004 . At this point, it should be appreciated that if the activity monitor is being programmed for a medication that is only taken once a day, then there are no further steps necessary and the learning mode can be exited. At the end of the programming period, the learning mode will be exited with only one schedule being programmed. However, the user should be careful not to take the medication the following day any sooner than a trigger threshold from the first administration to ensure that the activity monitor is not confused as to whether this is a second dosage in the cycle or the beginning of a next cycle. In some embodiments, the activity monitor may query the user to resolve such a conflict. 
     In addition, some embodiments may also include an actuation mechanism to exit learning mode. For instance, the same actuation used to enter the learning mode, or some other actuation, may be used to exit the learning mode. As a specific example, when the learning mode is active, the user may exit the learning mode by either allowing the programming period to expire or, by manually exiting the learning mode (i.e., pressing and holding one of the buttons  120  for 10 seconds as a non-limiting example). 
     For medications or items that are taken multiple times per day or per programming period, the user simply takes such content at the necessary times as prescribed/desired during the initial programming period while in the learning mode is active. The activity monitor detects activity associated with the container and, if it concludes that a dosage has been taken, the activity monitor records the additional scheduled times of use in the other scheduled time periods. For any schedule period that is not scheduled after the initial programming period learning mode (e.g. schedule #3 and schedule #4 in an example where the user takes dosages only twice daily) the LED&#39;s will be clear indicating that there is no activity associated with those schedules. 
     Thus, the learning mode can be exited  1012  in a variety of manners including, but not limited to, the programming period expiring, the user actuating an exit button or the conclusion of programming each of the available schedules. 
     Prior to exiting the learning mode, the activity monitor may perform a validation step  1041  to ensure that the programming information is correct or is logical. The activity monitor can look at the above-identified heuristics as well as other heuristics to determine if the program entries appear to be a valid program. For instance, if three schedules are entered in 6 hour increments and a fourth schedule is programmed two hours from the third schedule, the activity monitor may trigger a programming alert to the user. Depending on the embodiments of the invention, the programming alert may simply flash indicating that the programming is invalid and needs to be reprogrammed or, a more elaborate user interface may be employed to indicate what the questionable programming entries are and allow the user to remedy or override. 
     After the initial programming period, the activity monitor exits the learning mode  906  and enters operational mode or monitoring mode  908 . In the operational mode  908 , the activity monitor monitors the activity associated with the container in view of the program schedules. By applying a set of heuristics or rules, the activity monitor makes a determination as to whether or not compliance with the programmed schedules appears to have occurred or if action needs to be taken.  FIG.  11    is a flow diagram illustrating typical steps in an exemplary operational mode. 
     Initially, the activity monitor  100  may provide an indicator that the activity monitor is in operational mode  1102 . The operational mode  908  indicator can be presented in a variety of manners, such as a constantly illuminated LED, a flashing sequence of LED&#39;s or the any of a variety of other techniques. Similar to the learning mode  906 , the operational mode  908  then looks for the detection of activity associated with the container but, the operational monitor loop also looks at the program schedules. In the illustrated embodiment, the activity monitor  100  seeks to detect activity associated with the container  1104 . If activity is not detected the program scheduling is examined to determine if an event has been missed  1106 . If an event has been missed, an alert indicator is provided  1108  and the alert mode  910  is entered. As a specific example, if a user fails to remove the cap of a container within a threshold period of time after a scheduled time (i.e., 15 minutes as a non-limiting example), the activity monitor provides an alert indicator and then enters an alert mode  910 . In addition, the LED in the schedule period in which the cap has not been opened will blink RED further indicating that the content has not been taken. 
     If activity is detected  1104 , then the activity is analyzed in view of the afore-mentioned heuristics and rules, as well as others, in view of the program schedules  1110 . If the activity is valid and is associated with a valid, scheduled event, then an indicator may be provided that the programmed event has been satisfied  1114  and processing continues at step  1104  to monitor additional activity. However, if the detected activity is not valid or associated with a valid event, then the activity monitor may trigger a tamper alert and provide an alert indicator  1108  as it transitions into the alert mode  910 . As an example, one embodiment of the activity monitor may by default, monitor the use of the cap during the scheduled times and transition to an alert mode if the cap is removed more than 30 minutes prior to a scheduled period. In one embodiment, the activity monitor, when entering tamper alert mode, may chirp rapidly and loud and flash the LED, indicating that the cap has been removed outside of the scheduled periods of use. In other embodiments, a silent alarm may be employed so that only the valid user knows that the container has been tampered. In yet other embodiments, a signal may be sent to another device, such as a cellular telephone or pager through any of a variety of transmission techniques, to sound an alarm or provide a tamper alert indicator. It will be appreciated that a wide variety of alerts can be provided in the various embodiments. A few non-limiting examples include pre-recorded phrases, sound clips, ring tones, buzzers, tones, vibrations (including where the vibrations are coded, such as to have different configurations of vibrations mean different things), pings, or the like. As detailed below, in a configuration in which the activity monitor communicates with a device of the patient (such as their phone) and/or a host system, the alerts or information may be provided by those devices. For example, when the correct dosage of medication is taken by the patient, the activity monitor may transmit that information to their phone or the host system, which in turn trigger an alert or message at their phone. Such a message might comprise “You have taken your morning medication. Your next dosage is scheduled for 5 pm.” 
     As previously described, the alert mode may be entered due to a missed scheduled event or due to a tamper event. Other alert modes may also be defined and employed in other embodiments of the activity monitor. In the described embodiment, the alert mode can be reset or exited if the alert was caused by a missed event. However, if the alert was caused by a tamper, the activity monitor cannot be reset or, can only be reset by entering a pass code. 
     To exit the alert mode, the user must actuate the device. In one embodiment, the alert mode  910  may be exited simply by opening the container and taking the medicine dosage. In other embodiments, one or more buttons can be pressed and held for a period of time to cause a transition out of the alert mode  910 . Various exit means may also be used if it is desired to have the activity monitor exit to a desired state. For instance, the activity monitor may exit to the virgin state  904  in response to one actuation, the learning mode  906  in response to a second actuation and the operational mode  908  in response to a third actuation. 
     If the alert mode  910  was entered due to a tamper event, the user may be required to not only actuate the activity monitor, but then in response to a prompt, enter a pass code to allow transition from the alert mode. As an example, for the embodiment presented in  FIGS.  1 A and  1 B , a user may be required to press and hold the center button for 10 seconds to initiate a transfer out of a tamper event triggered alert mode. The activity monitor may then provide an indicator, such as flashing LED&#39;s and/or a sound to indicate that the user must provide the pass code. The user may then enter a sequence of buttons  120  that satisfies the required pass code. It should be appreciated that the pass code may be factory set and provided to the user along with the activity monitor or, the pass code can be programmed by the user in virgin mode  904  or the learning mode  906 . As another example, to exit a tamper alert mode, the user may be required to remove the cap and place it on the counter for 30 seconds making sure it&#39;s stationary for at least 30 seconds. Next the cap can be replaced on the container and then by pressing and holding one of the buttons for a prolonged period of time (i.e., 15 seconds). In another embodiment, an external device may be required to cause the activity monitor  100  to exit the tamper alert mode. For instance, a key may physically be entered into the activity monitor to reset the tamper alarm or, a signal from an external device, such as a cellular telephone, RFID tag, etc. may be used to reset the tamper alert mode. 
     One embodiment of the activity monitor is a tamper detector. In this embodiment, the activity monitor can be used exclusively to monitor the inappropriate or unauthorized use of any bottle with a cap, such as prescription drugs, alcohol, sodas in the fridge for children on special diets, etc. To program activity monitor to operate exclusively in a tamper alert mode around the clock (i.e. no programmed schedules) the activity monitor is placed into the learning mode. An indicator is then provided to the user, such as the LED&#39;s blinking and alternating from red to green indicating it&#39;s in the learning mode. While in the learning mode, the activity monitor may then be set to operate as a tamper detector only using a variety of techniques. In other embodiments, the activity monitor may come factory set to only operate as a tamper detector. 
     As a non-limiting example, for the above-describe embodiment that includes 4 program schedules, a tamper only monitor mode can be invoked by using the following programming sequence: 
     (1) attach the activity monitor to the container 
     (2) set the container down in a stable and stationary position for a threshold period of time, the time of 30 seconds is used as a non-limiting example throughout this procedure 
     (3) remove the cap and place the cap on the counter for 30 seconds making sure the cap is stationary—after 30 seconds, an LED will turn green 
     (4) place the cap back onto the container and wait 30 additional seconds making sure the cap and container are stationary 
     (5) open the cap again repeating the process 3 more times by opening the cap and replacing the cap as described above. Once programmed in the tamper alert mode, one or more LED&#39;s will blink green 5 times and then they will be clear indicating that the tamper detection mode has been successfully programmed to monitor any use of the cap at any time. 
     At this point, if activity is detected, the activity monitor will enter the tamper alert mode. It will be appreciated that a variety of other techniques can be used such as pressing and holding certain button combinations, or entering certain button sequences. 
     In a computer interface enabled embodiment of the present invention, the activity monitor can be communicatively coupled to a computer for programming. In such an embodiment, a wireless technique or a wired technique may be utilized. An application program may be presented on the computer to identify the connected activity monitor and provide programming instructions and capabilities for the activity monitor. In addition, the programmed schedules can be read from the activity monitor for evaluation, and the historical activity of the activity monitor may be accessed and analyzed. 
     Further Applications, Embodiments and Modifications 
     In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the activity monitor may be programmed at a pharmacy at the time medication is dispensed to a customer (or might be programmed remotely, such as by using an interface/computer at the pharmacy which communicates with the activity monitor, such as via the monitoring system). Thus, the pharmacist can program the activity monitor in accordance with the doctor&#39;s prescription. Similarly, the activity monitor can be programmed at the doctor&#39;s office (or remotely) and provided to the patient. For example, the activity monitor can be programmed automatically based on the type of drug and the information received from the doctor (i.e., which may have been sent automatically to the pharmacist) as well as, or pre-provided or presently provided user preferences. 
     In some embodiments, the activity monitor may be configured to communicate with an external system used by the pharmacist or the doctor. For example, a pharmacy may utilize an automated pick system that dispenses medications into a container and affix labels to the containers. The activity monitor may communicate with the automated pick system such that the activity monitor is programmed to store the amount of medication dispensed into the bottle and an operational schedule for taking the medication by a patient. 
     One aspect that can be incorporated into various embodiments of the activity monitor is a “buy-now” or “order-now” feature. This feature provides a button on the activity monitor that can be pressed to trigger or initiate an order for a refill. For example, the activity monitor may be provided with the prescription information stored within its memory. Further, the activity monitor may be wireless tethered to an Internet connected device, such as a BLACKBERRY or IPHONE. When the “buy-now” button is pressed, prescription information may be read out of the activity monitor and then transmitted to the user&#39;s pharmacy requesting a refill or to the doctor&#39;s office requesting a renewal of the prescription. Similarly, the activity monitor could be utilized with a variety of consumables and operate to provide such notice to a user with regards to a need to purchase additional quantity. 
     Another aspect that can be incorporated into various embodiments is the feature of sending alert messages to various devices and individuals. For instance, for an elderly person, if an alert condition is detected, a message may be sent to the user&#39;s children to notify them to come and check on their parent. The messages can be sent in a variety for forms, such as pages, text messages, twitter postings, Facebook postings, email messages, etc. 
     As indicated above, in one embodiment, the activity monitor may be configured to communicate with an external device such as a server or the like. The server may then be configured to communication with one or more additional devices, such as user computer, phone, tablet or the like. In another embodiment, the activity monitor may be configured to communicate directly with a user device, such as via a transmitter or transceiver which supports one or more compatible communication protocols with the user device. For example, the activity monitor may send alert messages to indicate that it is time to take a dose of medicine. For instance, the activity monitor may send a text message, email message, or any other variety of messages to a user&#39;s device, such as a cellular telephone, PDA, IPHONE, etc. The user is then notified that it is time to take his or her medication. 
     For example, when the activity monitor determines that it is time to take a dose of medicine, the activity monitor may send a communication via WiFi, Bluetooth, NFC, etc. to a user&#39;s mobile device to generate a reminder on the mobile device that it is time for the user to take the dose of medicine. The system may further be configured such that the alert or reminder on the mobile device is configured to remain on the mobile device until one or more of the sensors on the activity monitor determines that the medicine has been taken from the container. In other words, unlike other alerts on the mobile device that may easily be dismissed via action taken on the mobile device, the system may be configured so that the alert on the mobile device is only dismissed based on a signal from the activity monitor that the medicine has been dispensed. For example, the user&#39;s mobile device might be configured (such as via an activity application on their phone) to display a red “take medication” screen which is only removed if the monitoring system and/or user device receive an activity report from the activity monitor which indicates that the medication has been taken. 
     In one embodiment, the user may utilize an application which runs on their device or a web browser, as an interface to the activity monitor. The activity monitor may provide raw data to the user&#39;s device which is then processed or utilized by such an application, or the activity monitor might be configured to process data. As one example, the activity monitor might send information regarding a detected mass of the container and/or contents at a first time and information regarding a detected mass of the container and/or contents at a second time. The server or user device might then process the mass readings or data to calculate or determine that a certain quantity of medication was taken. For example, the server or user device might calculate the change in mass and compare that change in mass to a mass of a designated dose of medication to determine that the user removed an amount of medicine from the container which corresponds to the dose of medicine the user was scheduled to take. In another example, the activity monitor might include processing capabilities to utilize detected measurements to generate a processed output. As one example, the activity monitor itself might utilize stored mass data to determine a change in mass and then report that change in mass or a determined medicine dose to a remote device. 
     In further embodiments, the system or a user device may create a detailed record of the medicine being dispensed by the container with which the activity monitor is associated. For example, each time a person takes a medicine within the dispenser, the system or a user device may track information associated with the event. The information may include, among other things: (1) what is being consumed, such as an identification of the medicine within the container; (2) who is taking the medicine, such as via an identification authorization via a mobile device or the activity monitor through a password, fingerprint sensor, or other identification method; (3) when the medicine is being consumed, such as via a time stamp recorded by the activity monitor and/or associated mobile device; (4) where the medicine was taken, such as via location data generated from the activity monitor or a mobile device via GPS, a network location, or the like; and (5) how much of the medication is taken, such as through a known dosage, or through sensors detecting changes in volume, mass, or the like. 
     The data obtained through the activity monitor may be configured to be accessed through a monitoring network or system and be combined with other health monitoring services. For example, a user may subscribe to any number of health oriented websites or may own other health monitoring devices such as heart rate monitors, pedometers, sleep tracking devices, smart scales, etc. The information from the activity monitor may be associated with other data from such websites or devices to provide the user or a health care provider more information relating to the health of the user. 
     As one example, the monitoring system or the user&#39;s device might be configured to obtain information from a user&#39;s heart rate monitor. The system might detect a spike in a user&#39;s heartrate after medication was taken by the user (as determined by an output of the activity monitor). As a result, the system might warn the user to contact their physician or might automatically send a report to the physician. As another example, the system might detect changes in the weight of the user as obtained from an external system or device (such as an “e-scale” used by the user). The change in weight might also trigger warnings or might cause the monitor to indicate that a different amount of medication should be taken. 
     As another example, the user&#39;s device or the monitoring system may communicate with an external pharmacy computer or system. In one embodiment, the pharmacy may fill a prescription. Medicine information, dosage information or the like may be provided to the user&#39;s device or the monitoring system. For example, the monitoring system might be provided with information indicating that the user should take 1 pill 2 times daily. The monitoring system may then utilize that information to trigger alerts to the user and to correlate user activity from the activity monitor. As one example, the monitoring system may obtain information from the activity monitor which indicates that a user took an amount of medicine from the container (such as determined by change in mass, volume or the like) in the morning and evening of day 1, consistent with the prescription. If the activity monitor does not indicate activity, the monitoring system may provide an alert to the user (such as via the user&#39;s mobile device, etc.), consistent with the prescription. 
     In one embodiment, the monitoring system might also use activity monitoring data to trigger a refill request with the pharmacy. For example, the monitoring system might be provided with data from the pharmacy that 30 pills are provided. Once the activity monitor indicates that 30 activities correlating to the taking of those pills have been detected, the monitoring system might automatically report such to the pharmacy and/or request a refill. 
     Of course, the user&#39;s device and/or the monitoring system might be integrated with other systems. For example, a user might track their dietary intake via a dietary monitoring system (such as a web-based system). The user might link their account to such a system with the monitoring system, whereby the monitoring system can obtain information about the user&#39;s diet. This may cause the monitoring system to generate warnings (such as when the system detects that the user has eaten food which may cause a reaction to the medication or the like), to adjust the volume of medicine which should be taken (such as by informing the user and changing the programming associated with the activity monitor). 
     In some embodiments, a user may set up an account or otherwise input or provide user information (such as name of physician and contact info; emergency or family contact info; name of pharmacist and contact info, etc., where contact information might comprise a phone number, email address, etc.). Information obtained from the activity monitor(s) may be associated with the user or the user&#39;s account, such as with the monitoring system or the user&#39;s device. Further, the other information which is provided by the user might similarly be stored or associated. As one example, the monitoring system may create one or more data records which are associated with the user. The monitoring system may utilize those data records, for example, to locate contact information in order to alert the user&#39;s physician in the event of an overdose of medication, a detected reaction or the like. Similarly, the monitoring system might use the user&#39;s stored family information to providing medication reminders to the user and their designated family members. 
     In some embodiments, information may be input or provided by a user to their user device which is correlated or associated with the activity monitoring data. As one example, an activity monitor might include a keypad which allows a user to input a user ID or password. This information might be associated with other detected activity information and be provided to the user&#39;s device or the monitoring system, thus allowing to determine that the detected activity was performed by the user. However, in another embodiment, the activity monitor might detect an event, such as medication being removed from the container, and transmit that information to the user&#39;s device. The user&#39;s device might then prompt the user to confirm that they engaged in the activity or to enter a code, password or the like to identify themselves to thus confirm that the user engaged in the activity. 
     In general, aspects of features of the method and system might be implemented solely by the activity monitor(s). In other embodiments, some of the functionality might be implemented via one or more external devices, such as a user&#39;s device (computer, tablet, PDA, smart phone, etc.) and/or a remote system/server. 
     As indicated herein, in some embodiments, the activity monitor may simply include accelerometer(s) to detect movement or a mass measuring device. However, in other embodiments the activity monitor may include more complex technology to measure volumes of material within the container. In such an embodiment, the activity monitor can effectively notify a user when the dosage taken was too small, too large or just right. In addition, this embodiment of the activity monitor can detect when the contents are getting low and initiate or alert that it is time to refill the prescription. For instance, the activity monitor may include a sensor, such as a depth finder technology sensor, that can be used to determine the volume of contents. When the activity monitor is first installed, the sensor conducts an initial volume check. After each subsequent opening, the sensor again checks to content volumes. If an unusual change in volume is detected, or if no change is detected when a change was expected, and alert can be provided. Further the types of measuring or detection devices may, as indicated herein, vary. For example, newly developed “micro” detection devices may be utilized in order to minimize the size of the activity monitor. 
       FIGS.  12 A and  12 B  show one example of a scale that can comprise, be used in place of or be used in conjunction with, the above described activity monitor. In this embodiment, the scale  1200  is a self-contained activity reporting device which is configured to detect activity associated with a container and report such activities, such as to a separate device. In one embodiment, the scale  1200  is configured to detect activity associated with a container as represented by changes in its mass (such as when contents of the container are removed). 
     As illustrated, the scale  1200  includes a housing  1210  having a top portion  1212  and a bottom portion  1214 . The top portion  1212  and bottom portion  1214  may be joined together in a manner which forms a seam  1216  about a side of the housing  1210 . The top portion  1212  includes an opening  1218  that accommodates a loading member  1230 . 
       FIG.  13    shows an exploded view of the scale  1200  shown in  FIGS.  12 A and  12 B . As illustrated in  FIG.  13   , the bottom portion  1214  of the housing includes an inner cylindrical flange  1220  forming a depression  1222 . The depression is configured to receive a printed circuit board (“PCB”)  1240 . The PCB  1240  comprises a sensor  1242 , such as a pressure transducer; load cells such as hydraulic, pneumatic, piezoelectric, capacitive, or strain gauge load cells; or other types of force sensors capable of measuring a force that are now known or are later developed. The PCB  1240  further comprises circuitry  1244  such as a processor; a transmitter or transceiver for transmitting data to an external device, such as a mobile phone, via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, or the like; a memory; and other required devices, similar to those described above. The PCB  1240  further comprises a battery  1246  that powers the PCB during use. 
       FIG.  14    shows a cross-section view of the scale described in  FIGS.  12 A- 13   . As shown in  FIG.  14   , the loading member  1230  includes a flexible member  1232 . In this example, the flexible member  1232  is configured to support a prescription bottle of medicine. However, the flexible member  1232  may be configured to support any container having contents which are monitored by the activity monitor. On a lower surface of the flexible member  1232 , there is a plunger  1234 . The plunger  1234  is configured to come into contact with or otherwise actuate the sensor  1242  of the PCB  1240 . That is, when a load is placed onto the loading member  1230 , the flexible member  1232  deforms and the plunger  1234  comes into contact with and/or exerts increased pressure on the sensor  1242 . Of course, instead of flexing or deforming under load, the flexible member  1232  might be generally rigid and be configured to move, such as up and down relative to the PCB  1240 . 
     The loading member  1230  further comprises a cylindrical extending member  1236  that has an annular flange  1238 . The top portion  1212  of the housing  1210  includes a downward, cylindrical extension  1228  that surrounds the cylindrical extending member  1236 . The annular flange  1238  is configured to sit below the cylindrical extension  1228  of the top portion  1212  and on an inner surface of the bottom portion  1214 , thereby holding the loading member  1230  in place. 
     As shown in  FIG.  14   , the housing  1210  is joined where an upper cylindrical flange  1224  of the top portion  1212  joins a lower cylindrical flange  1226  of the bottom portion  1214 . The flanges  1224 ,  1226  may be joined together via a snap fit, force fit, adhesive, welding, or the like. 
     The scale  1200  may thus be used as an activity monitor or may be used in combination with the above described activity monitor. Specifically, the scale  1200  measures the mass of the prescription bottle placed on the scale  1200 , including the contents of the bottle. When contents are taken out of the bottle, the scale  1200  can determine a change in mass of the bottle and its associated contents, and can thus determine that contents have been removed by a decrease in the mass of the bottle, and can thus also determine the amount of medicine taken or removed. The mass data obtained by the scale  1200  may be transmitted via the communication interface (transmitter or transceiver) to the activity monitor or to another device, such as a mobile phone, as part of a schedule, reminder, or alarm system, consistent with the processes already described herein. In this manner, the scale  1200  monitors the activity associated with the contents of the bottle. In one embodiment, the scale  1200  may be mounted to the bottom of a medicinal container, such as by being connected thereto, for this purpose. 
       FIGS.  15 A and  15 B  show a scale  1500  that may be connected to a bottle or container, such as by being built into or inserted into such a bottle or container, for detecting or measuring the change of contents stored in the bottle. Similar to the scale  1200 , the scale  1500  may be used to measure the mass of the bottle and the contents therein to track a change in mass of the contents as a user removes contents from the bottle. 
     As shown in  FIGS.  15 A and  15 B , the scale  1500  may be disposed in a bottom portion of a bottle  1560 , such as a prescription medicine bottle or container. The bottle  1560  may include a cap  1570 . The cap  1570  may be a standard cap or may comprise the activity monitor described above. The scale  1500  may include a lower housing  1510 , a PCB  1530 , a battery  1540 , and circuitry  1550 . 
       FIG.  16    shows a perspective view of the bottle according to one exemplary embodiment. In  FIG.  16   , the bottle  1560  comprises an open bottom  1566 . Near the bottom  1566  of the bottle, there are a plurality of cutouts  1562 . The cutouts  1562  are configured to retain the housing  1510  within the bottle  1560 , as described in more detail below. The bottle  1560  further comprises a plurality of seating ribs  1564 . The seating ribs  1564  are configured to seat onto the PCB  1530 , as described in more detail below. 
     The housing  1510  comprises a bottom surface  1511  with a cylindrical wall  1512  extending upwards from the bottom surface  1511 . The cylindrical wall  1512  includes a plurality of cutouts  1514 . A flexible projection  1516  extends upwardly in the cutout  1514 . Each projection  1516  may extend outwardly of the cylindrical wall  1512 , so as to project into or contacts a bottle, as disclosed below. At a top end of the projection  1516 , there is a catch  1518  that extends outwardly from the cylindrical wall  1512 . The housing  1510  further comprises a number of reinforcing ribs  1520  that extend from a central plunger  1522  to the cylindrical wall. The plunger  1522  is raised with respect to the ribs  1520 . 
       FIG.  18    shows a section view of a bottle or container having the integrated or internal scale, according to one exemplary embodiment. In  FIG.  18   , the housing  1510  is attached to the bottle  1560  by the catch  1518  being inserted into the cutout  1562 . In one embodiment, the catch  1518  has an inclined surface  1524  that biases the flexible projection  1516  inward when the housing  1510  is inserted into the bottom  1566  of the bottle  1560 . The flexible projection  1516  returns to its original configuration when the catch  1518  reaches the cutout  1562 , thereby inserting the catch  1518  into the cutout  1562 . 
     With the housing  1510  inserted into the bottom  1566  of the bottle  1560 , the seating ribs  1564  are disposed so as to rest on the PCB  1530  of the scale  1500 . In this configuration, the PCB  1530  supports the mass of the bottle  1560  along with its contents. As shown in  FIG.  18   , the seating of the ribs  1564  on the PCB  1530  causes the bottom  1566  of the bottle  1560  to be disposed above the bottom surface  1511  of the housing  1510 . 
     The PCB  1530  in this embodiment may be similar to the PCB  1240  shown in  FIG.  14   , and may include processors, memories, transceivers, and the like. The PCB  1530  comprises a sensor  1532  disposed on a bottom side of the PCB  1530 . When the mass of the bottle  1560  is applied to the PCB  1530 , the mass is transferred to the housing via the plunger  1522 . The plunger  1522  is in contact with the sensor  1532  to thereby measure the mass of the bottle  1560  and contents therein. The contents in the bottle are held on a platform  1566  disposed within the bottle  1560  above the scale  1500 . 
     The scale  1500  may thus be used as an activity monitor or be used in combination with the above described activity monitor. Specifically, the scale  1500  measures the mass of the bottle within which the scale  1500  is inserted. When contents are taken out of the bottle, the scale tracks that a portion of the contents have been removed by a decrease in the mass of the bottle. The mass data obtained by the scale  1500  may be transmitted to the activity monitor or to an external device, such as mobile phone, as part of a schedule, reminder, or alarm system, consistent with the processes already described herein. In this manner, the scale  1500  monitors the activity associated with the contents of the bottle. 
       FIGS.  19 A and  19 B  show a scale  1900  and container wherein the scale is configured to detect or measures the mass of just contents of a container. As shown in  FIGS.  19 A and  19 B , the scale  1900  may be used to measure the mass of the contents held within a bottle  1960 . The scale  1900  comprises a housing  1910 , a PCB  1930  (with a transmitter/transceiver, etc.), a battery  1940 , and a weighing platform  1950 . 
       FIG.  20    shows a bottle for use with the scale  1900 , according to one exemplary embodiment. The bottle  1960  comprises an open bottom  1966 . Near the bottom  1966  are a number of cutouts  1962  that hold the scale  1900  within the open bottom  1966  of the bottle  1960 . Further, there are a number of seating ribs  1964  to stabilize the bottle  1960  with respect to the scale  1900 . An annular downward projection  1968  extends downward from a conical member  1976  disposed within the bottle  1960 . The downward projection  1968  includes a pair of cutouts  1970  with flexible extensions  1972  extending within the cutouts  1970 . Each of the extensions  1972  includes a retention snap  1974  that attaches to the scale  1900  as will be described in more detail below. 
       FIG.  21    shows a platform portion of a scale, according to one exemplary embodiment. The platform  1950  comprises a loading plate  1951  having a top loading surface  1952  and a bottom surface  1954 . A column  1955  extends downward from the bottom surface  1954 . The column  1955  comprises a groove  1957  that interacts with the retention snaps  1974  described above. The distal end  1958  of the column comprises an inclined surface that allows for a snap fit connection, and a plunger  1956 . 
       FIG.  22    shows a housing for the scale, according to one exemplary embodiment. The housing  1910  comprises a cylindrical wall  1912  extend upwards from the bottom surface  1911  of the housing  1910 . The cylindrical wall  1912  comprises a number of cutouts  1914  with flexible extensions  1916  extending therein. The flexible extensions  1916  comprise snaps  1918  for attaching to the bottle  1960 . Specifically, the snaps interact with the cutouts  1962  to hold the housing  1910  within the open bottom  1966  of the bottle  1960 . 
       FIG.  23    shows a cross-section view of the bottle and scale according to one exemplary embodiment. As shown in  FIG.  23   , the housing  1910  is snapped into the bottle  1960  via the snap  1918  and cutouts  1962 . The battery  1940  is disposed in the housing  1910  within the cylindrical wall  1912 . The PCB  1930  is disposed above the battery  1940 , and the seating ribs  1964  is abutted against the PCB  1930  to hold it in position. 
     The PCB  1930  is similar to PCBs  1530  and  1240  described above, and includes a sensor  1932  and circuitry  1934 . The sensor  1932  may be any sensor capable of detecting pressure or a force acting against the sensor. The circuitry  1934  includes a processor, memories, and transceivers as described above to work as or in conjunction with the activity monitor described herein. 
     The plate  1951  of the platform  1950  is disposed above the conical member  1976 . The column  1955  of the loading platform  1950  extends through the annular downward extension  1968  with the retention snaps  1974  catching the annular groove  1957 . The plunger  1956  is configured to come into contact with and actuate the sensor  1932 . Accordingly, when contents are put into the bottle  1960 , the contents rest on the loading platform  1950 . The weight or the mass of the contents on the platform  1950  is transferred through the plunger  1956  to the sensor  1930 , thereby measuring the mass of the contents. 
     The scale  1900  may thus be used as an activity monitor or in combination with the above described activity monitor. Specifically, the scale  1900  measures the mass of the contents of the bottle in which it is placed. When contents are taken out of the bottle, the scale tracks that a portion of the contents have been removed by a decrease in the mass of the contents. The mass data obtained by the scale  1900  may be transmitted to the activity monitor or to an external device, such as a mobile phone, as part of a schedule, reminder, or alarm system, consistent with the processes already described herein. In this manner, the scale  1900  monitors the activity associated with the contents of the bottle. One advantage of the scale of this embodiment is that it directly detects or measures the mass of just the contents of the bottle or container. Thus, for example, the scale would not detect a medicinal activity if the user simply removed the cap of the container because while such would change the mass of the container, that action would not change the mass of the medicinal contents. 
     The activity monitor can be provided and marketed in a variety of manners. For instance, in one embodiment, the activity monitors may be disposable devices that are thrown away with the empty medicine bottles. In such an embodiment, programming can be simplified as the device will be used with only one medicine for a limited period of time. In such an embodiment, the activity monitor may be sold by itself, or in groups, such as 4 packs and 6 packs, with the batteries already installed but disabled by use of a plastic isolating strip that can be removed when desired for operation. In other embodiments, the activity monitor may include a replaceable or chargeable battery and can be reused and reprogrammed multiple times. 
     System and Additional Features. 
     One aspect of the invention is a “smart” RX system. One embodiment of such a system  2000  is illustrated in  FIG.  24   . In one embodiment, the system  2000  includes one or more, such as many, containers of the present invention, such as containers having at least one activity monitor as described above. In one preferred embodiment, the containers are used to hold prescriptions and the system  2000  comprises a “smart” prescription system. As such, the containers  2002  (wherein  FIG.  24    illustrates two such container  2002 A,B) may be referred to as prescription containers. 
     In one embodiment, the system  2000  may comprise, or various features or elements thereof may be configured to communicate or link to, one or more the following additional elements: 1) a patient device  2004 ; 2) a third party device  2006 ; 3) additional patient devices  2008 ; 4) a physician or doctor  2010 ; 5) a pharmaceutical company  2012 ; 6) a pharmacy/pharmacist  2014 ; 7) a host system  2016 ; 8) a vehicle  2018 ; 9) one or more secondary systems  2020 ; and 10) one or more communication links or networks  2022 . 
     The patient&#39;s device  2004  may comprise, for example, a smart phone, PDA, laptop, tablet or the like. As described herein, such might comprise an Apple iPhone or the like. The patient device  2004  is preferably configured as a communication device (e.g. can transmit information to and/or receive information from, another device(s) or system(s)) and is capable of receiving input and providing an output, such as by displaying information on an associated display and/or providing an audio output or the like. 
     The third party device  2006  may comprise a similar device. Such a device might belong to a parent, child, friend or the like. 
     The host system  2016  may comprise a management system. The host system  2016  might comprise, for example, one or more servers which comprise one or more processors or controllers, at least one communication device or interface, a database or other data storage device, and one or more additional memory or data storage devices (such as separate from the database). In one or more embodiments, the processor(s) is configured to execute one or more instructions, such as in the form of machine readable code (i.e. “software”), to allow the server to perform various functionality, such as the functionality described herein. The software is preferably non-transitory, such as by being fixed in a tangible medium. For example, the software may be stored in the one or more memory devices. One or more of the memory devices may be read-only. In addition, the software may be stored on a removable medium in some embodiments. In general, the one or more memory devices are used as temporary storage. For example, the one or more memory devices may be random access memory or cache memory used to temporarily store some user information and/or instructions for execution by the at least one processor. 
     The software may comprise one or more modules or blocks of machine readable code. Each module may be configured to implement particular functionality when executed by the one or more processors, and the various modules may work together to provide overall integrated functionality. Of course, in certain embodiments, it is also possible for various of the functionality to be implemented as hardware, i.e. a processor or chip which is particularly designed to implement various of the functionality described herein. 
     In one embodiment, the host system  2016  server may include (or be linked communicatively at one or more times to) one or more input and/or output devices, such as a keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, video display or the like, whereby the processor may receive information from an operator or servicer of the server and/or output information thereto. This allows, for example, an operator of the server to interface with the server to upgrade, maintain, monitor, etc., it. In other embodiments, an operator might interface with the server via a separate workstation or other device. 
     In one embodiment, the processor and other elements of the host system  2016 , such as the server, may be linked and thus communicate over one or more communication buses. In this manner, for example, the processor may read/receive software from the memory for execution, receive inputs and provide outputs to the various I/O devices, receive information from or output information to external devices via the communication interface, etc. The one or more communication devices or interfaces permit the server to communicate with external devices, networks, systems and the like. The server may communicate with those external devices or systems via one or more networks. The network(s) might comprise wired and/or wireless communication networks, may comprise LANs, WANs or be of other types. In one embodiment, the network may comprise or at least include the Internet. 
     Aspects of the system  2000  will now be described with reference to methods of use thereof, including one embodiment of a method illustrated in  FIG.  25   . In one embodiment, a health record is created for a patient, as in step S 2100 . The health record is preferably an electronic health record and may comprise a data file which is stored at a memory or data storage device of (or connected to) the host system  2016 . In one embodiment, the health record identifies a patient, such as via name, social security number and the like, and contains or links to additional information as detailed below. 
     In one embodiment, a patient may visit a physician  2010  (or other person or entity which can prescribe medications, etc.). The physician  2010  may check to see if the patient has an existing health record with the host system  2016  and, if not, may create the health record, such as by communicating with the host system  2016 . In other embodiments, a patient may create a health record, such as by providing their name and other identification. 
     In a step S 2102 , the physician  2010  may issue a prescription for the patient. The patient may seek to have the prescription filled, such as at a pharmacy  2014 , wherein the physician  2010  may transmit the prescription to the pharmacy  2014  for fulfillment (such as by transmitting it electronically to a computer at the pharmacy) or by having the patient drop off a printed version of the prescription with the pharmacy  2014 , as at step S 2104 . In a preferred embodiment, the physician enters the prescription to the host system  2016 , where that prescription is assigned an identifier, such as a UUID (universally unique identifier) and wherein the prescription is linked to the patient.  FIG.  26 A  illustrates a graphical user interface which illustrates a list of UUID records, each of which includes the UUID, the associated patient name, the name of the issuing physician, the issue date of the prescription and other information, such as the container serial number and status, as described in detail below. As illustrated in  FIG.  26 B , the UUID record may contain additional information, such as complete details regarding the prescription (drug name, amount) and other data. These UUID records may be generated and stored/maintained by the host system  2016 . 
     In one embodiment, the physician&#39;s  2010  issuance of the prescription may also be reported to one or more entities or systems, such as a health insurance secondary system  2020 , the pharmaceutical company that makes or distributes the prescribed medication, and the host system  2016 . For example, relative to an insurer, the issuance of the prescription and the use of the medication by the patient may be utilized relative to confirming the patient&#39;s health status, to process a claim, to ensure that the patient is not obtaining prescriptions and then potentially reselling them or the like. In one embodiment, such secondary reporting might be performed by the host system  2016 . 
     In a step S 2106 , the pharmacist fills the prescription. In one embodiment, once the prescription is entered by the physician, it may be transmitted automatically to the pharmacist to be filled. In other embodiments, as noted, a patient might take the written prescription to the pharmacist and the pharmacist might look up the prescription in the host system  2016 . 
     Preferably, when the pharmacist fills the prescription, they use a container  2002  of the present invention. The container  2002  preferably has identifying information associated therewith, such as a unique serial number. The serial number might comprise a unique address, such as a MAC address when the container  2002  has a communication interface, or might comprise a bar-coded identifier or other printed information or the like. The pharmacist preferably scans or otherwise inputs the serial number into the host system  2016  relative to the prescription record. For example, when the container  2002  has a communication interface which communicates a MAC address, the pharmacist might link the container  2002  communicatively with an interface which reads the MAC address (such as a WiFi or Bluetooth communication interface associated with the pharmacy&#39;s computer). The pharmacist might otherwise scan a barcode of the container  2002  or manually enter a serial number associated with the container. As illustrated in  FIG.  26 A , once the pharmacist as linked the serial number for the container  2002  to the prescription record, that serial number information is preferably updated in the record. Once this linking (of serial number to prescription) is done, the prescription record may also be updated to indicate an initial “fill” status, such as by causing a “Link” button of the record to be updated to a “Filled” button which is illuminated or illustrated in an orange color, such as illustrated in  FIG.  26 A . 
     Of course, at a step S 2108 , the pharmacist actually fills the prescription, such as by placing the appropriate medication in the container  2002 . 
     Once the prescription is ready, it is picked up by or delivered to the patient, as at step S 2110 . In one embodiment, when the patient picks up their prescription, their mobile phone is linked to the prescription. The patient might enter their mobile phone number into an interface (such as POS device or keypad) at the pharmacy, provide the number to a customer service representative who enters the number into the system, and/or may sync or link their mobile communication device via a communication interface. In this step, the patient&#39;s mobile phone number is preferably linked to the prescription record at the host system  2016 , such as illustrated in  FIG.  26 B . Of course, if the patient has already provided a mobile phone number for one prescription, when another prescription is entered into the system for that same patient, their phone number might automatically be linked to that new prescription—at least as a default. 
     When the patient picks up their prescription, the prescription record is preferably updated to reflect that it was picked up, such as by changing the “Filled” status button to a green color. In a step S 2112 , once the prescription has been filled and picked up, other features may be implemented. 
     The patient&#39;s health record and/or the prescription record may include various information. In one embodiment, such information may comprise: 1) the identity of the patient; 2) contact information for the patient; 3) information regarding the patient (such as health data; other medications taken, etc.); 4) the prescribed medication (including amount prescribed, dosage, characteristics of the medication (liquid, pill, capsule, color, weight of each pill, shape/size of each pill, side effects, interactions); 5) dosing schedule, and/or other information. In one embodiment, information regarding the medication, such as pill count, weight, etc., might be obtained from an automated medication dispensing device or system which the pharmacy is using. That system or device might report information to the host system  2016 . In one embodiment, a user of the system  2000  may be able to view individual prescription records, such as illustrated in  FIG.  26 A . Alternatively, a user might be able to view a patient&#39;s health record and all prescriptions which are associated with that patient. 
     In one or more embodiments, features may be implemented via the activity monitor associated with the container  2002  and/or the patient&#39;s device  2004  and/or the host system  2016 . For example, as indicated above, the medication may have a dosing schedule. This dosing schedule may be associated with the prescription, such as by input by the pharmacist. The activity monitor associated with the container  2002  may provide one or more alerts when it is time for the patient to take their medication. In other embodiments, such an alert may alternatively be provided by, or additionally be provided by, the patient&#39;s device  2004 . For example, information regarding the dosing schedule and various alerts may be downloaded from the host system  2016  to the patient&#39;s device  2004  (such as by interaction with an application or “App”) running on their device, or via communication between the container  2002  and the patient&#39;s device  2004 . 
     In one embodiment, the reminder to take medication remains on the container  2002 , device  2004  and/or system  2016  until the patient takes the medication (as determined by the container&#39;s activity monitor). As one example, the host system  2016  may generate and transmit a dosing schedule alert to the patient&#39;s device  2004  and the container  2002 , thus triggering an alarm at each device. In one embodiment, these alarms can&#39;t be turned off by the patient except by the patient taking the medication, as determined by the container  2002 . This prevents, for example, the patient from simply trying to turn off or clear the alarm from their device  2004  when they haven&#39;t yet taken their medication. As one example, a “take medication” alert might be displayed on the patient&#39;s device  2004 . This window or alert might only be taken down after the container  2002  detects that the medication has been removed from the container (wherein the medication access which removes the alert might be transmitted from the container to the patient&#39;s device  2004  directly, such as when they are linked as described below, or might be transmitted from the container to the host system  2016  and the host system may then communicate with the patient&#39;s device). 
     A similar notification or alert might be provided to one or more third parties, such as family members. As indicated above, the patient&#39;s health record or a particular prescription record may store various information regarding the patient, including previous and new medications, dosing schedules, a history of events (taking of medications, missed dosages, etc., and contact information. The contact information may include the patient&#39;s contact information, such as their cell phone number, email address or the like, including for alerts, as well as information for third parties such as friends or families to with whom the patient desires to exchange information (such as the mobile phone number of a family member). In this configuration, when a dosing alert is provided to the patient, such an alert may also be provided to each designated third party. Such an alert might comprise a text message, email, voice message or the like, such as to indicate that “George&#39;s 8 am dosing of XYZ medication is due.” In one embodiment, the third party may also be provided with an alert when the patient takes their medication and/or further alerts if the system does not receive information that the patient took their medication in a designated time period. 
     As indicated herein, alerts and other information may be reported to a number of parties. As noted above, each time the patient accesses the container  2002 , that access activity and any change in the amount of medication in the container  2002  may be collected by the container and then reported to the system  2016 . Of course, a patient&#39;s failure to take their medication may also be reported. This and other information may be reported or be used to generate other reports which are reported. For example, the host system  2016  may report to the patient&#39;s physician whether the patient is taking their medication, if the amounts are being taken at the correct time and/or in the correct amount or the like. Also, as illustrated in  FIG.  24   , a patient might be prescribed more than one medication, including by different physicians, wherein the different medications are associated with different containers  20002 , 2002 B. The host system  2016  may track the activities associated with both containers  2002 A, 2002 B and may, for example, report to both physicians that the patient is taking both medications. This may be used by the physicians to see that their patient is taking more than one medication, including potentially one or more medications that were prescribed by other physicians, such as to ensure that the patient is being prescribed the correct dosages (such as in view of other medications they are taking) and/or reduce the risk of drug interaction. In one embodiment, as noted above, the host system  2016  may collect information regarding the various medications, such as from the pharmaceutical companies. This information may be used to generate alerts or warnings when the system detects that a patient has been prescribed medications which have interaction issues or may, in view of stored patient health information, create risks for the patient. As one example, the system  2016  might detect that a patient has been prescribed Medication A by Physician A, and that the patent is then later prescribed Medication B by Physician B, where Medications A and B have interaction issues. The system  2016  might send an alert to the patient&#39;s device  2004  advising them to contact their physician(s) immediately, such as before both medications are taken at the same time. Alternatively, such a warning or alert might be send from the system  2016  to Physician A and Physician B so that they may directly address the issue. 
     Of course, when a physician detects that a patient is not taking their medication, is not taking the correct amount of their medication or is taking their medication at the wrong time(s) (such as reported by the activity monitor associated with the container  2002  to the host system  2016 ), the physician may contact the patient to determine why, to engage in a plan to ensure the patient does get back on schedule, etc. In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  24   , the medication events may be reported from the container  2002  to the host system  2016  for connection and reporting to the physician. In other embodiments, the patient could take the container  2002  to the physician and the physician could interrogate the container  2002 , such as by syncing their computer or device to the activity monitor of the container  2002  to download event information directly. 
     In one embodiment, the activity monitor of the container  2002  may be configured to sync or pair with other devices. One such device may be the patient&#39;s device  2004 . For example, using a Bluetooth communication interface, the patient&#39;s device and the container  2002  may see each other. The patient may be able to “accept link to container” via the container or their device to put them in a communication sync. In one embodiment, the patient may be required to enter a code into their device  2004  in order to link their device to the container  2002 , thus preventing third parties from linking their devices to the container  2002  without authorization. As indicated herein, however, the container  2002  may link or sync with other devices, such as a third party&#39;s device (such as a friend, parent or relative), or even third party systems. For example, as noted herein, the container  2002  may link, either directly or indirectly (e.g. such as through the host system  2016 ) to physician&#39;s device or system, a pharmacy device or system, etc. In one embodiment, the container  2002  may link to a law enforcement system. In some instances, the linking or communication may be automatic and without any user authorization. For example, when a pharmacy issues a prescription for an opioid, the associated container  2002  may be configured to automatically link or report to a law enforcement device or network. In this manner, a law enforcement agency or the like might track movement of the prescription, use of the prescription and the like. Such may be useful, for example, for the law enforcement agency to determine that prescriptions are being issued and then moved to a particular location for resale, or that the user thereof is being issued large quantities of prescriptions and thus either abusing the drug or re-selling the drug or the like. 
     Once the container  2002  is linked to the patient&#39;s device  2004 , the activity monitor  2000  of the container may communicate with the patient&#39;s device  2004  and vice versa. For example, as noted above, the patient may be required to enter a PIN or code in order to unlock the activity monitor, clear an alarm or the like. In such a configuration, a prompt to enter the PIN or code might be displayed on the patient&#39;s device  2004 . The patient may then enter the PIN or code into their device  2004  and the PIN or code may be transmitted to the container  2002 . 
     One aspect of the invention is the ability to either limit access to the container and/or verify the user thereof. For example, the container  2002  (such as the activity monitor) may include one or more input devices such as buttons, a reader (such as for reading a fingerprint, retina, face, etc.) to determine the user of the container  2002 , such as to verify that the patient is the one accessing the container  2002 . As one example, the patient may provide a fingerprint which is stored in association with their account in the host system  2016 . When the patient accesses the container  2002 , they may provide their fingerprint and that print may be transmitted along with information regarding a dosage of medication taken at the same time. The print may be referenced to the stored fingerprint in order to confirm that it was the patient that accessed the container and not a third party. Of course, where the patient&#39;s device  2004  is linked to the container, the patient might provide the code, fingerprint or the like to their device  2004  (in such a configuration, the input device(s) may be eliminated from the container  2002 , thus simplifying its configuration). 
     In one embodiment, one or more features of the container  2002  may be configured to determine when the container is being used and to thus activate the features of the container. The various features of the container  2002 , including features such as a Bluetooth communications interface and the like, may all be battery powered. In order to conserve battery power, various features of the container  2002  may be turned off when the container is not in use. For example, a weight sensor, communications interface (at least a transmitter thereof) and/or other features might be turned off when the container  2002  is in a period of inactivity. This might be accomplished by a “sleep” mode where certain features of the container  2002  are turned off or rendered inactive. When container  2002  is active, those features may be turned on. For example, the processor of the container  2002  might determine that it is time for the user to take a dosage of medication. The processor might then generate the reminder and wake the communication interface in order to send the reminder to the user&#39;s device. As another example, the user might pick up the container  2002 , input their fingerprint or PIN code, which action may be detected by the container  2002 , then causing the container  2002  to wake up, such as to then determine if the user has removed the lid, taken medication or the like. 
     In some instances the container  2002 , such as the activity monitor, may include a locking mechanism which prevents unauthorized opening thereof, such as by limiting removal of the cap. In such a configuration, the lock may not be unlocked unless the patient provides the required PIN, code, a matching fingerprint or the like. 
     In one embodiment, the system may be configured to determine where a patient is taking their medication. For example, the container  2002  (or the activity monitor) might include a GPS device or the like which is capable of determining a location of the container  2002  and then report it to the system. In another embodiment where the patient&#39;s device  2004  is linked to the container  2002 , location information associated with the patient&#39;s device  2004  may be linked to information from the container  2002 , thus attributing a location to that information. For example, a patient may utilize their device  2004  to enter a PIN as part of taking a dosage of medication. The patient may then access the container  2002 . The container  2002  may then report that the medication was taken (and the amount, etc.), such as to the host system  2016 . At the same time, the patient&#39;s device  2004  may report the location of the device and that location information may be coupled to the medication access information at the host  2016 . In another embodiment, the container  2002  might transmit information regarding the medication event to the patient&#39;s device which then tags that information with location information and then transmits that combined information to the host system  2016 . The container  2002  and/or the patient&#39;s device  2004  might provide other information as well, such as a time that the container  2002  is accessed (opened, closed, etc.), such as based upon a clock associated with the patient&#39;s device  2004 . Of course, other information may be associated with information regarding the container  2002 . As one example, information regarding the weather or the like might be obtained from the patient&#39;s device and might be transmitted along with container event information. In other embodiments, such information might be obtained separately and might be linked to container information. For example, a patient might access the container  2002  and take medication. That event might, along with GPS location information, be reported to the host system  2016 . Knowing the location of the event, the host system  2016  might obtain secondary information such as weather at the designated location or other demographic information or the like and link it to the container event information. Then data mining might be utilized upon a database of such stored information. Such might reveal, for example, that when the outdoor temperatures are higher, medication compliance rates increase, or that certain medications are prescribed and taken in larger quantities in certain geographical areas or among a particular segment of the population. 
     The container  2002 , the host system  2016  and/or the patient&#39;s device  2004  may communicate with other devices or systems. For example, as illustrated in  FIG.  24   , the container  2002 , host system  2016  and/or patient&#39;s device  2004  may communicate with the patient&#39;s vehicle  2018 , such as via a wireless communication interface. In one embodiment, the vehicle&#39;s control system may include, or the patient may be able to download a control application which controls or limits operation of the vehicle. As one example, a patient may take an evening dosage of medication. This may be reported from the container  2002  to the patient&#39;s device  2004 . The patient may then seek to drive their vehicle. The patient&#39;s device  2004  may transmit information to the vehicle that limits or prevents operation of the vehicle, such as if the medication was taken within a designated period of time from when they attempt to operate the vehicle. Of course, such a feature may be enabled in various manners. For example, the patient&#39;s device  2004  may be configured to transmit a “do no operate” signal to the vehicle  2018  for a period of time after a medication dosage has been taken. In another embodiment, information regarding the medication dosage might be transmitted from the patient&#39;s device  2004  or the container  2002  to the vehicle&#39;s controller which then disables operation of the vehicle for a period of time from when the dosage was taken. As one example, the vehicle&#39;s controller might prevent the vehicle from being started within the time period. Of course, an alert might be provided to the patient, such as via their device  2004  or a display in the vehicle to the effect that vehicle operation is disabled or is disabled until a particular time. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  24   , instead of such information coming from the patient&#39;s device  2004  or the container  2002 , a vehicle disable instruction or information regarding a taken dosage might be transmitted from the host system  2016  to the vehicle. 
     In one embodiment, the container  2002 , patient&#39;s device  2004  and/or host system  2016 , might communicate directly with vehicle system components (such as an ignition system) via communications therewith through the vehicle&#39;s CAN BUS, or might communicate to the vehicle&#39;s controller via the CAN BUS, whereby the vehicle controller then implements the disabling functionality. In another embodiment, those devices or the system might communicate with a third party system which, in turn, is configured to communicate with the vehicle. For example, the host system  2016  might communicate with the General Motors ONSTAR® system, which in turn transmits designated instructions (such as a “disable” instruction) to the vehicle. 
     Yet another device that that the system  2000  might communicate with is an Alexa device by Amazon (or similar types of devices). Such a device may link to the host system  2016 . A patient might, for example, ask Alexa “what time do I need to take my prescription”? The host system  2016  may (where the Alexa device is linked to the host system  2016  via an appropriate login or the like) look up the patient&#39;s record and associated information and then cause the Alexa device to indicate a response, such as “2 pills of Prescription X at 8 pm after a meal.” 
     One aspect of the system  2000  is the ability to manage and share information associated with container events. For example, as described above, an alert that a medication dosage should be taken may be provided to third parties such as friends or family. Likewise, information that the patient has taken medication, has missed a dosage, has taken the wrong dosage or the like may be reported to friends, family, a physician or the like. In one embodiment, information regarding medication prescribed to the patient and taken by the patient may be reported to a pharmaceutical company  2012 . This may aid the company in tracking usage of their drugs, potential future demand and the like. In other instances, the medication might comprise a new drug which is on a trial, wherein it is important for the company to carefully track the usage of the medication, amounts taken and the like to confirm the efficacy of the drug and the like. 
     Such information might also be shared with other systems  2020 . As one example, information regarding prescribed medication and/or amounts of medication taken by the patient may be transmitted to a governmental database (or to an agency, such as law enforcement, etc.) This might be used, for example, to track the usage of dangerous drugs, such as opioids. As one example, the host system  2016  might track a first prescription obtained by the patient from a first physician for a painkiller and then a second prescription obtained by the patient from a second physician for the same or a different painkiller. The host system  2016  might transmit that information to a governmental database which can then flag that the patient is potentially abusing those painkillers by obtaining separate prescriptions. Such a system might also flag excess usage of medications. For example, a patient might obtain a valid prescription for a painkiller but then take two times the prescribed dosage. In that event, the activity monitor information may be transmitted to the host system  2016  which then reports the dosages to the governmental database. Evaluation of that data may reveal that the patient is taking an excess dosage. In those events, the information may be used to provide a warning to the patient, to prevent further prescriptions of similar medication and the like. 
     As another example, information regarding medications taken by the patient might be shared with emergency medical personnel, such as first responders or ER personnel. This information might comprise, for example, the medication being taken by the patient and the last time the medication was taken. Such information may be used in diagnosing the patient&#39;s condition or be considered in a treatment strategy, such as to avoid drug interaction. 
     In addition, the information may be used with other information. As illustrated in  FIG.  24   , a patient may have other devices  2008  such as one or more of a heart rate monitor, scale, blood pressure monitor, or other devices which are capable of providing health related information. These devices may report information to the patient&#39;s device  2004  and/or to the host system  2016 . This secondary health information may be used in conjunction with information regarding medication being taken by the patient in numerous ways. As one example, the host system  2016  might detect that shortly after a patient began taking a new medication that their weight went up very quickly or their mean heart rate was excessively high or low. This information may be used, for example, to generate warnings or alerts to the patient and/or their physician or be transmitted to a pharmaceutical company for a report of potential adverse reaction. 
     Similarly, such interaction may be with third party systems. One example is SmartPlate™, which is configured to identify, weight and analyze foods which are eaten. In one embodiment, information from this application or system may be linked to or provided to the host system  2016  or the patient&#39;s device  2004 . Information regarding what and when the patient has eaten may be used in conjunction with the medication and dosage schedule of the patient, such as to: 1) trigger an alert that the patient needs to eat when the patient has taken medication but the system does not detect that the patient has eaten; 2) to warn of a potential reaction or to avoid certain foods in view of certain medication being taken; and/or to 3) alter a dosage of medication based upon the type or quantity of foods eaten. 
     As another aspect of the invention, use of the containers and/or system of the invention (such as containers  2002  and system  2000 ) may allow for the implementation of certain benefits, such as discounts. As noted above, one problem with existing methods of distributing medication is that patients may not take their medication. This may result in continued or new health issues. As one aspect of the invention, for example, a health insurance company might offer its insureds a discount if they use the containers of the present invention and the insured takes their medication as prescribed (as confirmed by the system). For example, relative to the system  2000  illustrated in  FIG.  24   , one of the secondary entities might comprise an insurance company. The insurance company might have a system which is communicatively linked to the iScript Host system  2016 , whereby the insurance company can receive information regarding prescriptions which are provided to their insured and receive information regarding use of the containers  2000 , including whether the insured are taking their medication. The insurance company might offer a discount to an insured to who takes their medication, such as by communicating a reduced price for the medication or a discount or offset to the pharmacy  2014  (e.g. whereby the insured pays less for their prescription) or might offer a rebate or the like to the insured (for example, the insured might pay regular price for their prescription but might then be provided a rebate if the insurance company determines that the insured took the medication as prescribed). Such discounts, rebates or the like might be monetary rebates which are paid to the insured by check, credit to an account (bank account, debit or credit card or the like). In some embodiments, the amount of the discount or the rebate might be dependent on a number of factors such as the percentage of time that the insured takes their medication or takes their medication within a required time window or the like, wherein the discount or rebate may be higher when full compliance is confirmed and may be less when the insured is only partially compliant (such as when the insured takes medication late or misses taking their medication entirely). In other cases, the insured might be penalized if the insurance company determines that the insured is non-compliant. For example, if an insured is prescribed medication and the system  2000  confirms that the insured did not take the medication, the insurance company might warn the insured that their failure to take the medication may result in a loss of coverage or increase in premium for the insurance. 
     Similarly, discounts or rebates might be provided in other contexts and/or the information might be used in other manners. For example, an auto insurer might also provide discounts or rebates for medication compliance as determined by the containers and/or system. A life or disability insurer might offer discounts or rebates as well. As another example, medication compliance as determined by the containers/system of the invention might be used in the determination of a person&#39;s credit score (such as where a person&#39;s credit score or rating is increased based upon a high level of medication compliance and/or reduced based upon non- or low-level compliance. Employers might also use the information, such as in a hiring process or determining continued eligibility for a job. As one example, a person who is a driver, who operates machinery (construction, train engineer, airline pilot) or the like might have their job depend upon compliance with taking their medication as determined by the containers/system of the invention. Again, as one benefit of the system, containers are configured to determine medication compliance, information is collected from the containers and can be reported to secondary users of the information and can be used for various beneficial secondary purposes. 
     In the description above, particular embodiments of communication or interaction between devices and systems have been described. It will be appreciated that similar functionality may be implemented by other configurations of devices and systems communicating with one another. For example, a container  2002  might transmit information to a patient&#39;s device  2004  which then transmits information to the host system  2016 . In other embodiments, however, the container  2002  might transmit information directly to the host system  2016 . Further, instead of the host system  2016  forwarding information from the container  2002  to other systems or devices, the container  2002  might transmit information directly to those systems or devices. As one example, the container  2002  might comprise a “IOT” or Internet enabled device. The container  2002  might thus communicate over the Internet to other systems and/or devices, such as by connecting to a wireless access point or router at the patient&#39;s home, office, etc. 
     As indicated herein, the host system  2016  (or another device or system in communication therewith) may store various information relating to the container, prescription, patient and the like. This information may be mined in various manners. In some embodiments, a user of the system may run queries or otherwise mine the data for information. For example, a user might run a search on the data stored at the host system  2016  to determine such things as “all prescriptions written for Drug A during the last 60 days”, “all prescriptions written by Physician A”, “all prescriptions prescribed to Patient A”, “all prescriptions for Drug A issued in State A,”, etc. In other words, data might be collected regarding “who”, “what”, “where”, and/or “when” the prescription was prescribed, filled or issued, and utilized, and that data may similarly be mined for individual criteria or combinations thereof. 
     Also as illustrated in  FIG.  26 C , the host system  2016  might be configured to automatically monitor the data and generate alerts, warnings, reports or the like, such based upon “red flag” criteria. As illustrated, the host system  2016  might generate graphical alerts when red flag criteria are met. For example, the host system  2016  might be configured to monitor for a particular level of Opioid prescriptions to a single patient. If the one or more criteria are met, a red flag alert might be generated, such as by being displayed on a map which shows the location of the user. As another example, the system might be configured to display the locations (such as on a map) of all physicians that have prescribed more than a certain number of Opioid prescriptions. Of course, as indicated herein, as a result of monitoring of this data, similar alerts might be provided directly to patients, family members of patients, physician, law enforcement, pharmacists, pharmaceutical companies and the like. 
     It will be appreciated the “physician”, “pharmaceutical company” and the like may not only comprise persons or entities, but may comprise computing devices or systems which they operate or use, such as servers, computers, communication devices and the like. Those systems or devices may also comprise one or more databases of information, accounts and the like. 
     In one embodiment aspects of the invention may be implemented by an application which is installed on the patient&#39;s device  2004  for execution by the processor of the device. Such an application might, for example, be downloaded by the patient to their device. In other embodiments, aspects of the invention might be implemented as a web-based application via a web browser running on the patient&#39;s device, which web browser communicates with the host system  2016 , such as a web server thereof. 
     In the description and claims of the present application, each of the verbs, “comprise”, “include” and “have”, and conjugates thereof, are used to indicate that the object or objects of the verb are not necessarily a complete listing of members, components, elements, or parts of the subject or subjects of the verb. 
     In this application the words “unit” and “module” are used interchangeably. Anything designated as a unit or module may be a stand-alone unit or a specialized module. A unit or a module may be modular or have modular aspects allowing it to be easily removed and replaced with another similar unit or module. Each unit or module may be any one of, or any combination of, software, hardware, and/or firmware. 
     The present invention has been described using detailed descriptions of embodiments thereof that are provided by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The described embodiments comprise different features, not all of which are required in all embodiments of the invention. Some embodiments of the present invention utilize only some of the features or possible combinations of the features. Variations of embodiments of the present invention that are described and embodiments of the present invention comprising different combinations of features noted in the described embodiments will occur to persons of the art. 
     It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by what has been particularly shown and described herein above. Rather the scope of the invention is defined by the claims that follow.