Patent Publication Number: US-2009232893-A1

Title: miR-143 REGULATED GENES AND PATHWAYS AS TARGETS FOR THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION

Description:
This application claims Priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/939,573, filed May 22, 2007 and PCT application No. PCT/US07/78859 filed Sep. 19, 2007, each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     I. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to the fields of molecular biology and medicine. More specifically, the invention relates to methods and compositions for the treatment of diseases or conditions that are affected by miR-143 microRNAs, microRNA expression, and genes and cellular pathways directly and indirectly modulated by such. 
     II. Background 
     In 2001, several groups used a cloning method to isolate and identify a large group of “microRNAs” (miRNAs) from  C. elegans, Drosophila , and humans (Lagos-Quintana et al., 2001; Lau et al., 2001; Lee and Ambros, 2001). Several hundred miRNAs have been identified in plants and animals—including humans—that do not appear to have endogenous siRNAs. Thus, while similar to siRNAs, miRNAs are distinct. 
     miRNAs thus far observed have been approximately 21-22 nucleotides in length, and they arise from longer precursors transcribed from non-protein-encoding genes. See review of Carrington et al. (2003). The precursors form structures that fold back on themselves in self-complementary regions; they are then processed by the nuclease Dicer (in animals) or DCL1 (in plants) to generate the short double-stranded miRNA. One of the miRNA strands is incorporated into a complex of proteins and miRNA called the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The miRNA guides the RISC complex to a target mRNA, which is then cleaved or translationally silenced, depending on the degree of sequence complementarity of the miRNA to its target mRNA. Currently, it is believed that perfect or nearly perfect complementarity leads to mRNA degradation, as is most commonly observed in plants. In contrast, imperfect base pairing, as is primarily found in animals, leads to translational silencing. However, recent data suggest additional complexity (Bagga et al., 2005; Lim et al., 2005), and mechanisms of gene silencing by miRNAs remain under intense study. 
     Recent studies have shown that expression levels of numerous miRNAs are associated with various cancers (reviewed in Esquela-Kerscher and Slack, 2006; Calin and Croce, 2006). miRNAs have also been implicated in regulating cell growth and cell and tissue differentiation—cellular processes that are associated with the development of cancer. 
     The inventors previously demonstrated that hsa-miR-143 is involved with the regulation of numerous cell activities that represent intervention points for cancer therapy and for therapy of other diseases and disorders (U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/141,707 filed May 31, 2005 and Ser. No. 11/273,640 filed Nov. 14, 2005, each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety). Upon evaluation of 24 different human tissues, hsa-miR-143 was found to be preferentially expressed in human prostate and colon tissue samples. The inventors observed that hsa-miR-143 expression is lower in many human cancer tumor samples including lung, colon, breast, bladder, and thyroid tumors, than in normal cells from the same patients. Overexpression of hsa-miR-143 in human leukemia cells (Jurkat) increased proliferation of those cells. The inventors also found hsa-miR-143 to be up-regulated in brain tissues of Alzheimer&#39;s patients. Other investigators have also observed that miR-143 is down-regulated in colorectal tumors when compared with matched normal samples (Michael et al., 2003; Akao et al., 2006) and that miR-143 may be involved in the differentiation of human adipocytes (fat storage cells) (Esau et al., 2004). 
     Bioinformatics analyses suggest that any given miRNA may bind to and alter the expression of up to several hundred different genes. In addition, a single gene may be regulated by several miRNAs. Thus, each miRNA may regulate a complex interaction among genes, gene pathways, and gene networks. Mis-regulation or alteration of these regulatory pathways and networks, involving miRNAs, are likely to contribute to the development of disorders and diseases such as cancer. Although bioinformatics tools are helpful in predicting miRNA binding targets, all have limitations. Because of the imperfect complementarity with their target binding sites, it is difficult to accurately predict the mRNA targets of miRNAs with bioinformatics tools alone. Furthermore, the complicated interactive regulatory networks among miRNAs and target genes make it difficult to accurately predict which genes will actually be mis-regulated in response to a given miRNA. 
     Correcting gene expression errors by manipulating miRNA expression or by repairing miRNA mis-regulation represent promising methods to repair genetic disorders and cure diseases like cancer. A current, disabling limitation of this approach is that, as mentioned above, the details of the regulatory pathways and networks that are affected by any given miRNA, including miR-143, remain largely unknown. This represents a significant limitation for treatment of cancers in which miR-143 may play a role. A need exists to identify the genes, genetic pathways, and genetic networks that are regulated by or that may regulate hsa-miR-143 expression. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides additional compositions and methods by identifying genes that are direct targets for miR-143 regulation or that are indirect or downstream targets of regulation following the miR-143-mediated modification of another gene(s) expression. Furthermore, the invention describes gene, disease, and/or physiologic pathways and networks influenced by miR-143 and its family members. In certain aspects, compositions of the invention are administered to a subject having, suspected of having, or at risk of developing a metabolic, an immunologic, an infectious, a cardiovascular, a digestive, an endocrine, an ocular, a genitourinary, a blood, a musculoskeletal, a nervous system, a congenital, a respiratory, a skin, or a cancerous disease or condition. 
     In particular aspects, a subject or patient may be selected for treatment based on expression and/or aberrant expression of one or more miRNA or mRNA. In a further aspect, a subject or patient may be selected for treatment based on aberrations in one or more biologic or physiologic pathway(s), including aberrant expression of one or more gene associated with a pathway, or the aberrant expression of one or more protein encoded by one or more gene associated with a pathway. In still a further aspect, a subject or patient may be selected based on aberrations in miRNA expression, or biologic and/or physiologic pathway(s). A subject may be assessed for sensitivity, resistance, and/or efficacy of a therapy or treatment regime based on the evaluation and/or analysis of miRNA or mRNA expression or lack thereof. A subject may be evaluated for amenability to certain therapy prior to, during, or after administration of one or therapy to a subject or patient. Typically, evaluation or assessment may be done by analysis of miRNA and/or mRNA, as well as combination of other assessment methods that include but are not limited to histology, immunohistochemistry, blood work, etc. 
     In some embodiments, an infectious disease or condition includes a bacterial, viral, parasite, or fungal infection. Many of these genes and pathways are associated with various cancers and other diseases. Cancerous conditions include, but are not limited to astrocytoma, acute myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma, breast carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, chronic lymphoblastic leukemia, colorectal carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, glioma, glioblastoma, gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, medulloblastoma, melanoma, mantle cell lymphoma, multiple myeloma, myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, lung carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, oligodendroglioma, ovarian carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, osteosarcoma, pancreatic carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, thyroid carcinoma, or testicular tumor wherein the modulation of one or more gene is sufficient for a therapeutic response. Typically, a cancerous condition is an aberrant hyperproliferative condition associated with the uncontrolled growth or inability to undergo cell death, including apoptosis. In certain aspects the cancerous condition is lung carcinoma, such asadenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, or bronchioalveolar carcinoma. 
     The present invention provides methods and compositions for identifying genes that are direct targets for miR-143 regulation or that are downstream targets of regulation following the miR-143-mediated modification of upstream gene expression. Furthermore, the invention describes gene pathways and networks that are influenced by miR-143 expression in biological samples. Many of these genes and pathways are associated with various cancers and other diseases. The altered expression or function of miR-143 in cells would lead to changes in the expression of these key genes and contribute to the development of disease. Introducing miR-143 (for diseases where the miRNA is down-regulated) or a miR-143 inhibitor (for diseases where the miRNA is up-regulated) into disease cells or tissues would result in a therapeutic response. The identities of key genes that are regulated directly or indirectly by miR-143 and the disease with which they are associated are provided herein. In certain aspects a cell may be an endothelial, a mesothelial, an epithelial, stromal, or mucosal cell. The cell can be, but is not limited to brain, a neuronal, a blood, an esophageal, a lung, a cardiovascular, a liver, a breast, a bone, a thyroid, a glandular, an adrenal, a pancreatic, a stomach, a intestinal, a kidney, a bladder, a prostate, a uterus, an ovarian, a testicular, a splenic, a skin, a smooth muscle, a cardiac muscle, or a striated muscle cell. In certain aspects, the cell, tissue, or target may not be defective in miRNA expression yet may still respond therapeutically to expression or over expression of a miRNA. miR-143 could be used as a therapeutic target for any of these diseases. In certain embodiments miR-143 can be used to modulate the activity of miR-143 in a subject, organ, tissue, or cell. 
     A cell, tissue, or subject may be a cancer cell, a cancerous tissue, harbor cancerous tissue, or be a subject or patient diagnosed or at risk of developing a disease or condition. In certain aspects a cancer cell is a neuronal, glial, lung, liver, brain, breast, bladder, blood, leukemic, lymphoid, colon, endometrial, stomach, skin, ovarian, fat, bone, cervical, esophageal, pancreatic, prostate, kidney, testicular, intestinal, colorectal, or thyroid cell. In still a further aspect cancer includes, but is not limited to astrocytoma, acute myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma, breast carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, chronic lymphoblastic leukemia, colorectal carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, glioma, glioblastoma, gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, medulloblastoma, melanoma, mantle cell lymphoma, multiple myeloma, myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, lung carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, oligodendroglioma, ovarian carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, osteosarcoma, pancreatic carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, thyroid carcinoma, or testicular tumor 
     Embodiments of the invention include methods of modulating gene expression, or biologic or physiologic pathways in a cell, a tissue, or a subject comprising administering to the cell, tissue, or subject an amount of an isolated nucleic acid or mimetic thereof comprising a miR-143 nucleic acid, mimetic, or inhibitor in an amount sufficient to modulate the expression of a gene positively or negatively modulated by a miR-143 miRNA. A “miR-143 nucleic acid sequence” or “miR-143 inhibitor” includes the full length precursor of miR-143, or complement thereof, as well as 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 or more nucleotides of a precursor miRNA or its processed sequence, or complement thereof, including all ranges and integers there between. In certain embodiments, the miR-143 nucleic acid sequence or miR-143 inhibitor contains the full-length processed miRNA sequence or complement thereof and is referred to as the “miR-143 full-length processed nucleic acid sequence” or “miR-143 full-length processed inhibitor sequence.” In still further aspects, the miR-143 nucleic acid comprises at least 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 232, 24, 25, 50 nucleotide (including all ranges and integers there between) segment or complementary segment of miR-143 that is at least 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 98, 99 or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO:1 to SEQ ID NO:13. The general term miR-143 includes all members of the miR-143 family that share at least part of a mature miR-143 sequence (UGAGAUGAAGCACUGUAGCUCA (SEQ ID NO:1)) or a complement thereof. 
     A “miR-143 nucleic acid sequence” includes the full length precursor of miR-143 and other family members that include 
                            lla-mir-143 (MI0002552)                      (SEQ ID NO: 2)                         GCGCAGCGCCCUGUCUCCCAGCCUGAGGUGCAGUGCUGCAUCUCUGGUCA           GUUGGGAGUCUGAGAUGAAGCACUGUAGCUCAGGAAGAGAGAAGUUGUUC       UGCAGC;               xtr-mir-143 (MI0004937)                     (SEQ ID NO: 3)                         UGUCUCCCAGCCCAAGGUGCAGUGCUGCAUCUCUGGUCAGUUGUGAGUCU           GAGAUGAAGCACUGUAGCUCGGGAAGGGGGAAU;               dre-mir-143-2 (MI0002008)                     (SEQ ID NO: 4)                         GAUCUACAGUCGUCUGGCCCGCGGUGCAGUGCUGCAUCUCUGGUCAACUG           GGAGUCUGAGAUGAAGCACUGUAGCUCGGGAGGACAACACUGUCAGCUC;               rno-mir-143 (MI0000916)                     (SEQ ID NO: 5)                         GCGGAGCGCCUGUCUCCCAGCCUGAGGUGCAGUGCUGCAUCUCUGGUCAG           UUGGGAGUCUGAGAUGAAGCACUGUAGCUCAGGAAGGGAGAAGAUGUUCU       GCAGC;               ptr-mir-143 (MI0002549)                     (SEQ ID NO: 6)                         GCGCAGCGCCCUGUCUCCCAGCCUGAGGUGCAGUGCUGCAUCUCUGGUCA           GUUGGGAGUCUGAGAUGAAGCACUGUAGCUCAGGAAGAGAGAAGUUUUUC       UGCAGC;               ppy-mir-143 (MI0002551)                     (SEQ ID NO: 7)                         GCGCAGCGCCCUGUCUCCCAGCCUGAGGUGCAGUGCUGCAUCUCUGGUCA           GUUGGGAGUCUGAGAUGAAGCACUGUAGCUCAGGAAGAGAGAAGUUGUUC       UGCAGC;               ggo-mir-143 (MI0002550)                     (SEQ ID NO: 8)                         GCGCAGCGCCCUGUCUCCCAGCCUGAGGUGCAGUGCUGCAUCUCUGGUCA           GUUGGGAGUCUGAGAUGAAGCACUGUAGCUCAGGAAGAGAGAAGUUGUUC       UGCAGC;               dre-mir-143-1 (MI0002007)                     (SEQ ID NO: 9)                         GAUCUACAGUCGUCUGGCCCGCGGUGCAGUGCUGCAUCUCUGGUCAACUG           GGAGUCUGAGAUGAAGCACUGUAGCUCGGGAGGACAACACUGUCAGCUC;               hsa-mir-143 (MI0000459)                     (SEQ ID NO: 10)                         GCGCAGCGCCCUGUCUCCCAGCCUGAGGUGCAGUGCUGCAUCUCUGGUCA           GUUGGGAGUCUGAGAUGAAGCACUGUAGCUCAGGAAGAGAGAAGUUGUUC       UGCAGC;               ppa-mir-143 (MI0002553)                     (SEQ ID NO: 11)                         GCGCAGCGCCCUGUCUCCCAGCCUGAGGUGCAGUGCUGCAUCUCUGGUCA           GUUGGGAGUCUGAGAUGAAGCACUGUAGCUCAGGAAGAGAGAAGUUUUUC       UGCAGC;               mdo-mir-143 (MI0005302)                     (SEQ ID NO: 12)                         CCCGAGGUGCAGUGCUGCAUCUCUGGUCAGUUGUGAGUCUGAGAUGAAGC           ACUGUAGCUCGGG;               mmu-mir-143 (MI0000257)                     (SEQ ID NO: 13)                         CCUGAGGUGCAGUGCUGCAUCUCUGGUCAGUUGGGAGUCUGAGAUGAAGC           ACUGUAGCUCAGG.            
In certain aspects, a nucleic acid or mimetic of the present invention will comprise 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 or more nucleotides of the precursor miRNA or its processed sequence, including all ranges and integers there between. In certain embodiments, the miR-143 nucleic acid sequence contains the full-length processed miRNA sequence and is referred to as the “miR-143 full-length processed nucleic acid sequence.” In still further aspects, a miR-143 comprises at least one 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 50 nucleotide (including all ranges and integers there between) segment of miR-143 that is at least 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 98, 99 or 100% identical to SEQ ID NOs provided herein.
 
     In specific embodiments, a miR-143 or miR-143 inhibitor containing nucleic acid is hsa-miR-143 or hsa-miR-143 inhibitor, or a variation thereof. In a further aspect, a miR-143 nucleic acid or miR-143 inhibitor can be administered with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more miRNAs or miRNA inhibitors. miRNA or its complement can be administer concurrently, in sequence or in an ordered progression. In certain aspects, a miR-143 or miR-143 inhibitor can be administered in combination with one or more of let-7, miR-15a, miR-16, miR-20, miR-21, miR-26a, miR-31, miR-34a, miR-126, miR-145, miR-147, miR-188, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-215, miR-216, miR-292-3p, and/or miR-331. All or combinations of miRNAs or inhibitors thereof may be administered in a single formulation. Administration may be before, during or after a second therapy. 
     miR-143 nucleic acids or complement thereof may also include various heterologous nucleic acid sequence, i.e., those sequences not typically found operatively coupled with miR-143 in nature, such as promoters, enhancers, and the like. The miR-143 nucleic acid is a recombinant nucleic acid, and can be a ribonucleic acid or a deoxyribonucleic acid. The recombinant nucleic acid may comprise a miR-143 or miR-143 inhibitor expression cassette, i.e., a nucleic acid segment that expresses a nucleic acid when introduce into an environment containing components for nucleic acid synthesis. In a further aspect, the expression cassette is comprised in a viral, or plasmid DNA vector or other therapeutic nucleic acid vector or delivery vehicle, including liposomes and the like. In certain aspects, viral vectors can be administered at 1×10 2 , 1×10 3 , 1×10 4 , 1×10 5 , 1×10 6 , 1×10 7 , 1×10 8 , 1×10 9 , 1×10 10 , 1×10 11 , 1×10 12 , 1×10 13 , 1×10 14  pfu or viral particle (vp). 
     In a particular aspect, the miR-143 nucleic acid or miR-143 inhibitor is a synthetic nucleic acid. Moreover, nucleic acids of the invention may be fully or partially synthetic. In still further aspects, a nucleic acid of the invention or a DNA encoding such can be administered at 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 2000, to 4000 μg or mg, including all values and ranges there between. In yet a further aspect, nucleic acids of the invention, including synthetic nucleic acid, can be administered at 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, to 200 μg or mg per kilogram (kg) of body weight. Each of the amounts described herein may be administered over a period of time, including 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months or years, including all values and ranges there between. 
     In certain embodiments, administration of the composition(s) can be enteral or parenteral. In certain aspects, enteral administration is oral. In further aspects, parenteral administration is intralesional, intravascular, intracranial, intrapleural, intratumoral, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, intralymphatic, intraglandular, subcutaneous, topical, intrabronchial, intratracheal, intranasal, inhaled, or instilled. Compositions of the invention may be administered regionally or locally and not necessarily directly into a lesion. 
     In certain aspects, the gene or genes modulated comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 100, 150, 200 or more genes or combinations of genes identified in Tables 1, 3, 4, and/or 5. In still further aspects, the gene or genes modulated may exclude 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 100, 150, 175 or more genes or combinations of genes identified in Tables 1, 3, 4, and/or 5. Modulation includes modulating transcription, mRNA levels, mRNA translation, and/or protein levels in a cell, tissue, or organ. In certain aspects the expression of a gene or level of a gene product, such as mRNA or encoded protein, is down-regulated or up-regulated. In a particular aspect the gene modulated comprises or is selected from (and may even exclude) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26. 27, 28, or all of the genes identified in Tables 1, 3, 4, and/or 5, or any combinations thereof. In certain embodiments a gene modulated or selected to be modulated is from Table 1. In further embodiments a gene modulated or selected to be modulated is from Table 3. In still further embodiments a gene modulated or selected to be modulated is from Table 4. In yet further embodiments a gene modulated or selected to be modulated is from Table 5. Embodiments of the invention may also include obtaining or assessing a gene expression profile or miRNA profile of a target cell prior to selecting the mode of treatment, e.g., administration of a miR-143 nucleic acid, inhibitor of miR-143, or mimetics thereof. The database content related to nucleic acids and genes designated by an accession number or a database submission are incorporated herein by reference as of the filing date of this application. In certain aspects of the invention one or more miRNA or miRNA inhibitor may modulate a single gene. In a further aspect, one or more genes in one or more genetic, cellular, or physiologic pathways can be modulated by one or more miRNAs or complements thereof, including miR-143 nucleic acids and miR-143 inhibitors in combination with other miRNAs. 
     miR-143 nucleic acids may also include various heterologous nucleic acid sequence, i.e., those sequences not typically found operatively coupled with miR-143 in nature, such as promoters, enhancers, and the like. The miR-143 nucleic acid is a recombinant nucleic acid, and can be a ribonucleic acid or a deoxyribonucleic acid. The recombinant nucleic acid may comprise a miR-143 expression cassette. In a further aspect, the expression cassette is comprised in a viral, or plasmid DNA vector or other therapeutic nucleic acid vector or delivery vehicle, including liposomes and the like. In a particular aspect, the miR-143 nucleic acid is a synthetic nucleic acid. Moreover, nucleic acids of the invention may be fully or partially synthetic. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Genes with increased (positive values) or decreased (negative values) 
               
               
                 expression following transfection of human cancer cells with 
               
               
                 pre-miR hsa-miR-143. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Gene 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Symbol 
                 RefSeq Transcript ID 
                 Δ log 2   
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 AKAP12 
                 NM_005100 /// NM_144497 
                 0.725245496 
               
               
                 ANKRD46 
                 NM_198401 
                 0.791492237 
               
               
                 ANXA6 
                 NM_001155 /// NM_004033 
                 0.727214714 
               
               
                 ARL2BP 
                 NM_012106 
                 0.800772424 
               
               
                 ASNA1 
                 NM_004317 
                 −1.07942093 
               
               
                 ATP6V1A 
                 NM_001690 
                 −1.126127932 
               
               
                 ATXN1 
                 NM_000332 
                 0.850968582 
               
               
                 AXL 
                 NM_001699 /// NM_021913 
                 1.156039698 
               
               
                 BCL2L1 
                 NM_001191 /// NM_138578 
                 −0.821265359 
               
               
                 CCND1 
                 NM_053056 
                 −0.938024465 
               
               
                 CCNG1 
                 NM_004060 /// NM_199246 
                 0.862627632 
               
               
                 CLIC4 
                 NM_013943 
                 0.825614765 
               
               
                 CXCL1 
                 NM_001511 
                 0.938115811 
               
               
                 CXCL2 
                 NM_002089 
                 0.706326327 
               
               
                 DAZAP2 
                 NM_014764 
                 −0.916764957 
               
               
                 DCP2 
                 NM_152624 
                 0.797770229 
               
               
                 DDAH1 
                 NM_012137 
                 0.765730627 
               
               
                 DDX3Y 
                 NM_004660 
                 0.848651105 
               
               
                 DICER1 
                 NM_030621 /// NM_177438 
                 0.929848609 
               
               
                 DSC2 
                 NM_004949 /// NM_024422 
                 0.902830281 
               
               
                 FLJ13910 
                 NM_022780 
                 0.866839654 
               
               
                 GALC 
                 NM_000153 
                 −1.161432175 
               
               
                 GATM 
                 NM_001482 
                 −1.970548228 
               
               
                 GOLPH2 
                 NM_016548 /// NM_177937 
                 −1.126884613 
               
               
                 GREB1 
                 NM_014668 /// NM_033090 /// 
                 0.755673527 
               
               
                   
                 NM_148903 
               
               
                 GREM1 
                 NM_013372 
                 1.051739161 
               
               
                 HIPK2 
                 NM_022740 
                 −0.904313564 
               
               
                 HIPK3 
                 NM_005734 
                 0.826433357 
               
               
                 IFIH1 
                 NM_022168 
                 0.706653845 
               
               
                 IGFBP3 
                 NM_000598 /// NM_001013398 
                 −0.809607512 
               
               
                 IL32 
                 NM_001012631 /// NM_001012632 /// 
                 0.757126883 
               
               
                   
                 NM_001012633 /// NM_001012634 /// 
               
               
                   
                 NM_001012635 
               
               
                 IL6ST 
                 NM_002184 /// NM_175767 
                 0.751854493 
               
               
                 IL8 
                 NM_000584 
                 1.104016175 
               
               
                 INSIG1 
                 NM_005542 /// NM_198336 /// 
                 0.875027481 
               
               
                   
                 NM_198337 
               
               
                 LEPR 
                 NM_001003679 /// NM_001003680 /// 
                 0.797930372 
               
               
                   
                 NM_002303 
               
               
                 LMO4 
                 NM_006769 
                 −1.012706499 
               
               
                 LOC137886 
                 XM_059929 
                 −0.752855433 
               
               
                 MCL1 
                 NM_021960 /// NM_182763 
                 0.761759353 
               
               
                 MGC5618 
                 — 
                 0.797855581 
               
               
                 MTUS1 
                 NM_001001924 /// NM_001001925 /// 
                 0.70655 
               
               
                   
                 NM_001001927 /// NM_001001931 /// 
               
               
                   
                 NM_020749 
               
               
                 NID1 
                 NM_002508 
                 1.090976167 
               
               
                 NT5E 
                 NM_002526 
                 0.878049429 
               
               
                 PDCD2 
                 NM_002598 /// NM_144781 
                 −0.723484401 
               
               
                 PDCD4 
                 NM_014456 /// NM_145341 
                 0.728228239 
               
               
                 PDK4 
                 NM_002612 
                 0.961974975 
               
               
                 PELI1 
                 NM_020651 
                 0.768582445 
               
               
                 PMCH 
                 NM_002674 
                 0.790936704 
               
               
                 PROSC 
                 NM_007198 
                 −1.645677869 
               
               
                 PTPN12 
                 NM_002835 
                 0.769808986 
               
               
                 RAB11FIP1 
                 NM_001002233 /// NM_001002814 /// 
                 −0.83733308 
               
               
                   
                 NM_025151 
               
               
                 RAB2 
                 NM_002865 
                 0.827382805 
               
               
                 RBL1 
                 NM_002895 /// NM_183404 
                 −1.302328709 
               
               
                 RDX 
                 NM_002906 
                 0.760806942 
               
               
                 RECK 
                 NM_021111 
                 1.103484746 
               
               
                 RHEB 
                 NM_005614 
                 0.825468322 
               
               
                 RHOB 
                 NM_004040 
                 0.921813933 
               
               
                 RHOBTB1 
                 NM_001032380 /// NM_014836 /// 
                 0.744478582 
               
               
                   
                 NM_198225 
               
               
                 RP2 
                 NM_006915 
                 0.822851399 
               
               
                 SERPINE1 
                 NM_000602 
                 −0.856846452 
               
               
                 SLC11A2 
                 NM_000617 
                 0.716682705 
               
               
                 SLC30A1 
                 NM_021194 
                 −0.841163945 
               
               
                 SLC35B1 
                 NM_005827 
                 −1.07644709 
               
               
                 TAF10 
                 NM_006284 
                 −1.695883532 
               
               
                 TBC1D2 
                 NM_018421 
                 −0.746279363 
               
               
                 TGFBR2 
                 NM_001024847 /// NM_003242 
                 0.854509353 
               
               
                 TMEM45A 
                 NM_018004 
                 −0.748492283 
               
               
                 TMF1 
                 NM_007114 
                 −0.939693594 
               
               
                 TNC 
                 NM_002160 
                 0.86901183 
               
               
                 TNRC9 
                 XM_049037 
                 0.740367787 
               
               
                 TRA1 
                 NM_003299 
                 0.875188144 
               
               
                 TTMP 
                 NM_024616 
                 0.844059608 
               
               
                 TXN 
                 NM_003329 
                 0.92541735 
               
               
                 UGT1A8 /// 
                 NM_019076 /// NM_021027 
                 −0.961897449 
               
               
                 UGT1A9 
               
               
                 WASPIP 
                 NM_003387 
                 1.04160055 
               
               
                 WDR50 
                 NM_016001 
                 −1.049152791 
               
               
                 WEE1 
                 NM_003390 
                 0.722369746 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     A further embodiment of the invention is directed to methods of modulating a cellular pathway comprising administering to the cell an amount of an isolated nucleic acid comprising a miR-143 nucleic acid sequence or a miR-143 inhibitor. A cell, tissue, or subject may be a cancer cell, a cancerous tissue or harbor cancerous tissue, or a cancer patient. The database content related to all nucleic acids and genes designated by an accession number or a database submission are incorporated herein by reference as of the filing date of this application. In certain aspects, a composition of the invention is a pharmaceutical formulation such a lipid, nanoparticle, microparticle and the like that are typically biocompatible and/or biodegradable. 
     A further embodiment of the invention is directed to methods of modulating a cellular pathway comprising administering to the cell an amount of an isolated nucleic acid comprising a miR-143 nucleic acid sequence in an amount sufficient to modulate the expression, function, status, or state of a cellular pathway, in particular those pathways described in Table 2 or the pathways known to include one or more genes from Table 1, 3, 4, and/or 5. Modulation of a cellular pathway includes, but is not limited to modulating the expression of one or more gene(s). Modulation of a gene can include inhibiting the function of an endogenous miRNA or providing a functional miRNA to a cell, tissue, or subject. Modulation refers to the expression levels or activities of a gene or its related gene product (e.g., mRNA) or protein, e.g., the mRNA levels may be modulated or the translation of an mRNA may be modulated. Modulation may increase or up regulate a gene or gene product or it may decrease or down regulate a gene or gene product (e.g., protein levels or activity). 
     Still a further embodiment includes methods of administering an miRNA or mimic thereof, and/or treating a subject or patient having, suspected of having, or at risk of developing a pathological condition comprising one or more of step (a) administering to a patient or subject an amount of an isolated nucleic acid comprising a miR-143 nucleic acid sequence or a miR-143 inhibitor in an amount sufficient to modulate expression of a cellular pathway; and (b) administering a second therapy, wherein the modulation of the cellular pathway sensitizes the patient or subject, or increases the efficacy of a second therapy. An increase in efficacy can include a reduction in toxicity, a reduced dosage or duration of the second therapy, or an additive or synergistic effect. A cellular pathway may include, but is not limited to one or more pathway described in Table 2 below or a pathway that is know to include one or more genes of Tables 1, 3, 4, and/or 5. The second therapy may be administered before, during, and/or after the isolated nucleic acid or miRNA or inhibitor is administered 
     A second therapy can include administration of a second miRNA or therapeutic nucleic acid such as a siRNA or antisense oligonucleotide, or may include various standard therapies, such as pharmaceuticals, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, drug therapy, immunotherapy, and the like. Embodiments of the invention may also include the determination or assessment of gene expression or gene expression profile for the selection of an appropriate therapy. In a particular aspect, a second therapy is a chemotherapy. A chemotherapy can include, but is not limited to paclitaxel, cisplatin, carboplatin, doxorubicin, oxaliplatin, larotaxel, taxol, lapatinib, docetaxel, methotrexate, capecitabine, vinorelbine, cyclophosphamide, gemcitabine, amrubicin, cytarabine, etoposide, camptothecin, dexamethasone, dasatinib, tipifarnib, bevacizumab, sirolimus, temsirolimus, everolimus, lonafarnib, cetuximab, erlotinib, gefitinib, imatinib mesylate, rituximab, trastuzumab, nocodazole, sorafenib, sunitinib, bortezomib, alemtuzumab, gemtuzumab, tositumomab or ibritumomab. 
     Embodiments of the invention include methods of treating a subject with a disease or condition comprising one or more of the steps of (a) determining an expression profile of one or more genes selected from Table 1, 3, 4, and/or 5; (b) assessing the sensitivity of the subject to therapy based on the expression profile; (c) selecting a therapy based on the assessed sensitivity; and (d) treating the subject using a selected therapy. Typically, the disease or condition will have as a component, indicator, or resulting mis-regulation of one or more gene of Table 1, 3, 4, and/or 5. 
     In certain aspects, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more miRNA may be used in sequence or in combination. For instance, any combination of miR-143 or a miR-143 inhibitor with another miRNA Further embodiments include the identification and assessment of an expression profile indicative of miR-143 status in a cell or tissue comprising expression assessment of one or more gene from Table 1, 3, 4, and/or 5, or any combination thereof. 
     The term “miRNA” is used according to its ordinary and plain meaning and refers to a microRNA molecule found in eukaryotes that is involved in RNA-based gene regulation. See, e.g., Carrington et al., 2003, which is hereby incorporated by reference. The term can be used to refer to the single-stranded RNA molecule processed from a precursor or in certain instances the precursor itself. 
     In some embodiments, it may be useful to know whether a cell expresses a particular miRNA endogenously or whether such expression is affected under particular conditions or when it is in a particular disease state. Thus, in some embodiments of the invention, methods include assaying a cell or a sample containing a cell for the presence of one or more marker gene or mRNA or other analyte indicative of the expression level of a gene of interest. Consequently, in some embodiments, methods include a step of generating an RNA profile for a sample. The term “RNA profile” or “gene expression profile” refers to a set of data regarding the expression pattern for one or more gene or genetic marker in the sample (e.g., a plurality of nucleic acid probes that identify one or more markers from Tables 1, 3, 4, and/or 5); it is contemplated that the nucleic acid profile can be obtained using a set of RNAs, using for example nucleic acid amplification or hybridization techniques well know to one of ordinary skill in the art. The difference in the expression profile in the sample from the patient and a reference expression profile, such as an expression profile from a normal or non-pathologic sample, is indicative of a pathologic, disease, or cancerous condition. A nucleic acid or probe set comprising or inhibitor can be selected based on observing two given miRNAs share a set of target genes or pathways listed in Tables 1, 2, 4 and/or 5 that are altered in a particular disease or condition. These two miRNAs may result in an improved therapy (e.g., reduced toxicity, greater efficacy, prolong remission, or other improvements in a subjects condition), result in an increased efficacy, an additive efficacy, or a synergistic efficacy providing an additional or an improved therapeutic response. Without being bound by any particular theory, synergy of two miRNA can be a consequence of regulating the same genes or related genes (related by a common pathway or biologic end result) more effectively (e.g., due to distinct binding sites on the same target or related target(s)) and/or a consequence of regulating different genes, but all of which have been implicated in a disease or condition. 
     In certain aspects, miR-143 or a miR-143 inhibitor and let-7 can be administered to patients with acute myeloid leukemia, breast carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, glioma, glioblastoma, gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, melanoma, myxofibrosarcoma, multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, thyroid carcinoma, or urothelial carcinoma. 
     Further aspects include administering miR-143 or a miR-143 inhibitor and miR-15 to patients with astrocytoma, acute myeloid leukemia, breast carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, glioma, glioblastoma, gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, melanoma, mantle cell lymphoma, myxofibrosarcoma, multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, osteosarcoma, pancreatic carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, or thyroid carcinoma. 
     In still further aspects, miR-143 or a miR-143 inhibitor and miR-16 are administered to patients with astrocytoma, breast carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, glioblastoma, gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, melanoma, mantle cell lymphoma, myxofibrosarcoma, multiple myeloma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, or thyroid carcinoma. 
     Aspects of the invention include methods where miR-143 or a miR-143 inhibitor and miR-20 are administered to patients with astrocytoma, acute myeloid leukemia, breast carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, glioma, glioblastoma, gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma, mantle cell lymphoma, neuroblastoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, or squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 
     In a further aspect, miR-143 or a miR-143 inhibitor and miR-21 are administered to patients with astrocytoma, acute myeloid leukemia, breast carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, glioma, glioblastoma, gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, melanoma, mantle cell lymphoma, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, osteosarcoma, pancreatic carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, or thyroid carcinoma. 
     In still further aspects, miR-143 or a miR-143 inhibitor and miR-26a are administered to patients with acute myeloid leukemia, breast carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, glioma, glioblastoma, gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, leukemia, melanoma, multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, osteosarcoma, pancreatic carcinoma, or prostate carcinoma. 
     In yet further aspects, miR-143 or a miR-143 inhibitor and miR-34a are administered to patients with astrocytoma, acute myeloid leukemia, breast carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, glioma, glioblastoma, gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, melanoma, mantle cell lymphoma, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, osteosarcoma, pancreatic carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, thyroid carcinoma, or urothelial carcinoma. 
     In certain aspects, miR-143 or a miR-143 inhibitor and miR-126 are administered to patients with astrocytoma, acute myeloid leukemia, breast carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, glioma, glioblastoma, gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, melanoma, mantle cell lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, osteosarcoma, pancreatic carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, or thyroid carcinoma. 
     In still a further aspect, miR-143 or a miR-143 inhibitor and miR-147 are administered to patients with astrocytoma, breast carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, glioma, glioblastoma, gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, lipoma, melanoma, mantle cell lymphoma, myxofibrosarcoma, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, osteosarcoma, pancreatic carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, or thyroid carcinoma. 
     In yet another aspect, miR-143 or a miR-143 inhibitor and miR-188 are administered to patients with astrocytoma, acute myeloid leukemia, breast carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, glioma, glioblastoma, gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, leukemia, melanoma, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, or thyroid carcinoma. 
     In other aspects, miR-143 or a miR-143 inhibitor and miR-215 are administered to patients with astrocytoma, acute myeloid leukemia, breast carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, glioma, glioblastoma, gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, lipoma, melanoma, mantle cell lymphoma, myxofibrosarcoma, multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, osteosarcoma, pancreatic carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, thyroid carcinoma, or urothelial carcinoma. 
     In certain aspects, miR-143 or a miR-143 inhibitor and miR-216 are administered to patients with astrocytoma, breast carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, glioma, glioblastoma, gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, osteosarcoma, prostate carcinoma, or squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 
     In a further aspect, miR-143 or a miR-143 inhibitor and miR-292-3p are administered to patients with astrocytoma, acute myeloid leukemia, breast carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, glioma, glioblastoma, gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, leukemia, lipoma, melanoma, myxofibrosarcoma, multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, osteosarcoma, pancreatic carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, thyroid carcinoma, or urothelial carcinoma. 
     In still a further aspect, miR-143 or a miR-143 inhibitor and miR-331 are administered to patients with astrocytoma, acute myeloid leukemia, breast carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, glioma, glioblastoma, gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, leukemia, melanoma, myxofibrosarcoma, multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, ovarian carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, osteosarcoma, pancreatic carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, or thyroid carcinoma. 
     In yet a further aspect, miR-143 or a miR-143 inhibitor and miR-200b/c are administered to patients with breast carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, glioma, glioblastoma, gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, leukemia, lipoma, multiple myeloma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, osteosarcoma, pancreatic carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, or thyroid carcinoma. 
     It is contemplated that when miR-143 or a miR-143 inhibitor is given in combination with one or more other miRNA molecules, the two different miRNAs or inhibitors may be given at the same time or sequentially. In some embodiments, therapy proceeds with one miRNA or inhibitor and that therapy is followed up with therapy with the other miRNA or inhibitor 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 hours, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 days, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 weeks, or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 months or any such combination later. 
     Further embodiments include the identification and assessment of an expression profile indicative of miR-143 status in a cell or tissue comprising expression assessment of one or more gene from Table 1, 3, 4, and/or 5, or any combination thereof. 
     The term “miRNA” is used according to its ordinary and plain meaning and refers to a microRNA molecule found in eukaryotes that is involved in RNA-based gene regulation. See, e.g., Carrington et al., 2003, which is hereby incorporated by reference. The term can be used to refer to the single-stranded RNA molecule processed from a precursor or in certain instances the precursor itself or a mimetic thereof. 
     In some embodiments, it may be useful to know whether a cell expresses a particular miRNA endogenously or whether such expression is affected under particular conditions or when it is in a particular disease state. Thus, in some embodiments of the invention, methods include assaying a cell or a sample containing a cell for the presence of one or more miRNA marker gene or mRNA or other analyte indicative of the expression level of a gene of interest. Consequently, in some embodiments, methods include a step of generating an RNA profile for a sample. The term “RNA profile” or “gene expression profile” refers to a set of data regarding the expression pattern for one or more gene or genetic marker in the sample (e.g., a plurality of nucleic acid probes that identify one or more markers or genes from Tables 1, 3, 4, and/or 5); it is contemplated that the nucleic acid profile can be obtained using a set of RNAs, using for example nucleic acid amplification or hybridization techniques well know to one of ordinary skill in the art. The difference in the expression profile in the sample from a patient and a reference expression profile, such as an expression profile from a normal or non-pathologic sample, or a digitized reference, is indicative of a pathologic, disease, or cancerous condition. In certain aspects the expression profile is an indicator of a propensity to or probability of (i.e., risk factor for a disease or condition) developing such a condition(s). Such a risk or propensity may indicate a treatment, increased monitoring, prophylactic measures, and the like. A nucleic acid or probe set may comprise or identify a segment of a corresponding mRNA and may include all or part of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 100, 200, 500, or more segments, including any integer or range derivable there between, of a gene or genetic marker, or a nucleic acid, mRNA or a probe representative thereof that is listed in Tables 1, 3, 4, and/or 5 or identified by the methods described herein. 
     Certain embodiments of the invention are directed to compositions and methods for assessing, prognosing, or treating a pathological condition in a patient comprising measuring or determining an expression profile of one or more miRNA or marker(s) in a sample from the patient, wherein a difference in the expression profile in the sample from the patient and an expression profile of a normal sample or reference expression profile is indicative of pathological condition and particularly cancer (e.g., In certain aspects of the invention, the miRNAs, cellular pathway, gene, or genetic marker is or is representative of one or more pathway or marker described in Table 1, 2, 3, 4, and/or 5, including any combination thereof. 
     Aspects of the invention include diagnosing, assessing, or treating a pathologic condition or preventing a pathologic condition from manifesting. For example, the methods can be used to screen for a pathological condition; assess prognosis of a pathological condition; stage a pathological condition; assess response of a pathological condition to therapy; or to modulate the expression of a gene, genes, or related pathway as a first therapy or to render a subject sensitive or more responsive to a second therapy. In particular aspects, assessing the pathological condition of the patient can be assessing prognosis of the patient. Prognosis may include, but is not limited to an estimation of the time or expected time of survival, assessment of response to a therapy, and the like. In certain aspects, the altered expression of one or more gene or marker is prognostic for a patient having a pathologic condition, wherein the marker is one or more of Table 1, 3, 4, and/or 5, including any combination thereof. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Significantly affected functional cellular pathways following 
               
               
                 hsa-miR-143 over-expression in human cancer cells. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 Number 
                   
               
               
                 of Genes 
                 Pathway Functions 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 9 
                 Cellular Movement, Hematological System Development and 
               
               
                   
                 Function, Immune Response 
               
               
                 2 
                 Gene Expression, Cellular Growth and Proliferation, 
               
               
                   
                 Developmental Disorder 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Predicted target genes of hsa-miR-143 for Ref Seq ID reference - Pruitt et al., 2005. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Gene 
                 RefSeq 
                   
               
               
                 Symbol 
                 Transcript ID 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 76P 
                 NM_014444 
                 gamma tubulin ring complex protein (76p gene) 
               
               
                 AACS 
                 NM_023928 
                 acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase 
               
               
                 AADACL1 
                 NM_020792 
                 arylacetamide deacetylase-like 1 
               
               
                 AARSL 
                 NM_020745 
                 alanyl-tRNA synthetase like 
               
               
                 ABAT 
                 NM_000663 
                 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase precursor 
               
               
                 ABCA1 
                 NM_005502 
                 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A member 1 
               
               
                 ABCB11 
                 NM_003742 
                 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), 
               
               
                 ABCB9 
                 NM_203445 
                 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), 
               
               
                 ABCC1 
                 NM_004996 
                 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C, member 1 
               
               
                 ABCC13 
                 NM_172024 
                 ATP-binding cassette protein C13 isoform b 
               
               
                 ABCC3 
                 NM_020038 
                 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C, member 3 
               
               
                 ABCC4 
                 NM_005845 
                 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C, member 4 
               
               
                 ABCG4 
                 NM_022169 
                 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G, member 4 
               
               
                 ABCG5 
                 NM_022436 
                 sterolin 1 
               
               
                 ABHD14A 
                 NM_015407 
                 abhydrolase domain containing 14A 
               
               
                 ABHD14B 
                 NM_032750 
                 abhydrolase domain containing 14B 
               
               
                 ABHD8 
                 NM_024527 
                 abhydrolase domain containing 8 
               
               
                 ABLIM1 
                 NM_001003407 
                 actin-binding LIM protein 1 isoform b 
               
               
                 ABR 
                 NM_001092 
                 active breakpoint cluster region-related 
               
               
                 ABTB2 
                 NM_145804 
                 ankyrin repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 
               
               
                 ACACB 
                 NM_001093 
                 acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase beta 
               
               
                 ACADSB 
                 NM_001609 
                 acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, short/branched 
               
               
                 ACCN1 
                 NM_001094 
                 amiloride-sensitive cation channel 1, neuronal 
               
               
                 ACE 
                 NM_152831 
                 angiotensin I converting enzyme isoform 3 
               
               
                 ACE2 
                 NM_021804 
                 angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 precursor 
               
               
                 ACIN1 
                 NM_014977 
                 apoptotic chromatin condensation inducer 1 
               
               
                 ACOXL 
                 NM_018308 
                 acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase-like 
               
               
                 ACP1 
                 NM_004300 
                 acid phosphatase 1 isoform c 
               
               
                 ACSL6 
                 NM_001009185 
                 acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6 
               
               
                 ACTL8 
                 NM_030812 
                 actin like protein 
               
               
                 ACTN2 
                 NM_001103 
                 actinin, alpha 2 
               
               
                 ACTR8 
                 NM_022899 
                 actin-related protein 8 
               
               
                 ACVR1B 
                 NM_004302 
                 activin A type IB receptor isoform a precursor 
               
               
                 ACY1L2 
                 NM_001010853 
                 hypothetical protein LOC135293 
               
               
                 ADAM10 
                 NM_001110 
                 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10 
               
               
                 ADAM12 
                 NM_003474 
                 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12 isoform 1 
               
               
                 ADAM9 
                 NM_001005845 
                 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 9 isoform 2 
               
               
                 ADAMTS1 
                 NM_006988 
                 ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 
               
               
                 ADAMTS3 
                 NM_014243 
                 ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 
               
               
                 ADAMTS4 
                 NM_005099 
                 ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 
               
               
                 ADAMTSL1 
                 NM_052866 
                 ADAMTS-like 1 isoform 2 
               
               
                 ADAR 
                 NM_001025107 
                 adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific isoform d 
               
               
                 ADARB1 
                 NM_001033049 
                 RNA-specific adenosine deaminase B1 isoform 4 
               
               
                 ADAT1 
                 NM_012091 
                 adenosine deaminase, tRNA-specific 1 
               
               
                 ADCY1 
                 NM_021116 
                 brain adenylate cyclase 1 
               
               
                 ADCY2 
                 NM_020546 
                 adenylate cyclase 2 
               
               
                 ADCY6 
                 NM_015270 
                 adenylate cyclase 6 isoform a 
               
               
                 ADCY9 
                 NM_001116 
                 adenylate cyclase 9 
               
               
                 ADD2 
                 NM_001617 
                 adducin 2 isoform a 
               
               
                 ADD3 
                 NM_001121 
                 adducin 3 (gamma) isoform b 
               
               
                 ADI1 
                 NM_018269 
                 membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase 
               
               
                 ADIPOQ 
                 NM_004797 
                 adiponectin precursor 
               
               
                 ADORA3 
                 NM_000677 
                 adenosine A3 receptor isoform 2 
               
               
                 ADRA2B 
                 NM_000682 
                 alpha-2B-adrenergic receptor 
               
               
                 ADSSL1 
                 NM_152328 
                 adenylosuccinate synthase-like 1 isoform 2 
               
               
                 AFAP 
                 NM_021638 
                 actin filament associated protein 
               
               
                 AFF1 
                 NM_005935 
                 myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia 
               
               
                 AFF2 
                 NM_002025 
                 fragile X mental retardation 2 
               
               
                 AFG3L2 
                 NM_006796 
                 AFG3 ATPase family gene 3-like 2 
               
               
                 AGBL4 
                 NM_032785 
                 hypothetical protein LOC84871 
               
               
                 AGMAT 
                 NM_024758 
                 agmatine ureohydrolase (agmatinase) 
               
               
                 AGPAT1 
                 NM_006411 
                 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 1 
               
               
                 AGPAT3 
                 NM_020132 
                 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 3 
               
               
                 AGPAT4 
                 NM_001012733 
                 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 4 
               
               
                 AGR2 
                 NM_006408 
                 anterior gradient 2 homolog 
               
               
                 AGRN 
                 NM_198576 
                 agrin 
               
               
                 AHCTF1 
                 NM_015446 
                 transcription factor ELYS 
               
               
                 AHCYL1 
                 NM_006621 
                 S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like 1 
               
               
                 AICDA 
                 NM_020661 
                 activation-induced cytidine deaminase 
               
               
                 AIF1 
                 NM_004847 
                 allograft inflammatory factor 1 isoform 2 
               
               
                 AIG1 
                 NM_016108 
                 androgen-induced 1 
               
               
                 AIPL1 
                 NM_001033054 
                 aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting 
               
               
                 AIRE 
                 NM_000383 
                 autoimmune regulator AIRE isoform 1 
               
               
                 AK1 
                 NM_000476 
                 adenylate kinase 1 
               
               
                 AK3 
                 NM_016282 
                 adenylate kinase 3 
               
               
                 AKAP11 
                 NM_144490 
                 A-kinase anchor protein 11 isoform 2 
               
               
                 AKAP13 
                 NM_006738 
                 A-kinase anchor protein 13 isoform 1 
               
               
                 AKAP6 
                 NM_004274 
                 A-kinase anchor protein 6 
               
               
                 AKT1 
                 NM_001014431 
                 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 
               
               
                 ALB 
                 NM_000477 
                 albumin precursor 
               
               
                 ALDH3A2 
                 NM_000382 
                 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A2 isoform 2 
               
               
                 ALDH5A1 
                 NM_001080 
                 aldehyde dehydrogenase 5A1 precursor, isoform 2 
               
               
                 ALKBH4 
                 NM_017621 
                 hypothetical protein LOC54784 
               
               
                 ALPL 
                 NM_000478 
                 tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase 
               
               
                 ALS2 
                 NM_020919 
                 alsin 
               
               
                 ALX3 
                 NM_006492 
                 aristaless-like homeobox 3 
               
               
                 AMDHD1 
                 NM_152435 
                 hypothetical protein LOC144193 
               
               
                 AMFR 
                 NM_001144 
                 autocrine motility factor receptor 
               
               
                 AMICA1 
                 NM_153206 
                 adhesion molecule, interacts with CXADR antigen 
               
               
                 AMMECR1 
                 NM_001025580 
                 AMMECR1 protein isoform 2 
               
               
                 AMOTL1 
                 NM_130847 
                 angiomotin like 1 
               
               
                 AMPD2 
                 NM_004037 
                 adenosine monophosphate deaminase 2 (isoform L) 
               
               
                 AMT 
                 NM_000481 
                 aminomethyltransferase (glycine cleavage system 
               
               
                 AMZ1 
                 NM_133463 
                 archaemetzincin-1 
               
               
                 ANGEL1 
                 NM_015305 
                 angel homolog 1 
               
               
                 ANGPTL1 
                 NM_004673 
                 angiopoietin-like 1 precursor 
               
               
                 ANGPTL2 
                 NM_012098 
                 angiopoietin-like 2 precursor 
               
               
                 ANGPTL7 
                 NM_021146 
                 angiopoietin-like 7 
               
               
                 ANKH 
                 NM_054027 
                 ankylosis, progressive homolog 
               
               
                 ANKRD12 
                 NM_015208 
                 ankyrin repeat domain 12 
               
               
                 ANKRD13 
                 NM_033121 
                 ankyrin repeat domain 13 
               
               
                 ANKRD20A3 
                 NM_001012419 
                 hypothetical protein LOC441425 
               
               
                 ANKRD25 
                 NM_015493 
                 ankyrin repeat domain 25 
               
               
                 ANKRD28 
                 NM_015199 
                 ankyrin repeat domain 28 
               
               
                 ANKRD29 
                 NM_173505 
                 ankyrin repeat domain 29 
               
               
                 ANKRD41 
                 NM_152363 
                 ankyrin repeat domain 41 
               
               
                 ANKRD50 
                 NM_020337 
                 ankyrin repeat domain 50 
               
               
                 ANKS6 
                 NM_173551 
                 sterile alpha motif domain containing 6 
               
               
                 ANXA3 
                 NM_005139 
                 annexin A3 
               
               
                 ANXA9 
                 NM_003568 
                 annexin A9 
               
               
                 AOC2 
                 NM_001158 
                 amine oxidase, copper containing 2 isoform a 
               
               
                 AP2B1 
                 NM_001030006 
                 adaptor-related protein complex 2, beta 1 
               
               
                 AP3D1 
                 NM_003938 
                 adaptor-related protein complex 3, delta 1 
               
               
                 AP3M1 
                 NM_012095 
                 adaptor-related protein complex 3, mu 1 subunit 
               
               
                 APAF1 
                 NM_001160 
                 apoptotic protease activating factor isoform b 
               
               
                 APOA1BP 
                 NM_144772 
                 apolipoprotein A-I binding protein precursor 
               
               
                 APOA5 
                 NM_052968 
                 apolipoprotein AV 
               
               
                 APOBEC3A 
                 NM_145699 
                 phorbolin 1 
               
               
                 APOBEC3F 
                 NM_145298 
                 apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic 
               
               
                 APOBEC4 
                 NM_203454 
                 apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic 
               
               
                 APOL1 
                 NM_003661 
                 apolipoprotein L1 isoform a precursor 
               
               
                 APOL6 
                 NM_030641 
                 apolipoprotein L6 
               
               
                 APOLD1 
                 NM_030817 
                 apolipoprotein L domain containing 1 
               
               
                 APPL 
                 NM_012096 
                 adaptor protein containing pH domain, PTB domain 
               
               
                 APTX 
                 NM_175069 
                 aprataxin isoform b 
               
               
                 AQP10 
                 NM_080429 
                 aquaporin 10 
               
               
                 AQP2 
                 NM_000486 
                 aquaporin 2 
               
               
                 AQP3 
                 NM_004925 
                 aquaporin 3 
               
               
                 ARCN1 
                 NM_001655 
                 archain 
               
               
                 ARFGAP3 
                 NM_014570 
                 ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase activating 
               
               
                 ARFIP2 
                 NM_012402 
                 ADP-ribosylation factor interacting protein 2 
               
               
                 ARHGAP18 
                 NM_033515 
                 Rho GTPase activating protein 18 
               
               
                 ARHGAP20 
                 NM_020809 
                 Rho GTPase activating protein 20 
               
               
                 ARHGAP25 
                 NM_001007231 
                 Rho GTPase activating protein 25 isoform a 
               
               
                 ARHGAP26 
                 NM_015071 
                 GTPase regulator associated with the focal 
               
               
                 ARHGAP28 
                 NM_001010000 
                 Rho GTPase activating protein 28 isoform a 
               
               
                 ARHGAP9 
                 NM_032496 
                 Rho GTPase activating protein 9 
               
               
                 ARHGDIB 
                 NM_001175 
                 Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) beta 
               
               
                 ARHGEF1 
                 NM_004706 
                 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform 
               
               
                 ARHGEF7 
                 NM_003899 
                 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 7 isoform 
               
               
                 ARID3B 
                 NM_006465 
                 AT rich interactive domain 3B (BRIGHT-like) 
               
               
                 ARID5B 
                 NM_032199 
                 AT rich interactive domain 5B (MRF1-like) 
               
               
                 ARL15 
                 NM_019087 
                 ADP-ribosylation factor related protein 2 
               
               
                 ARL3 
                 NM_004311 
                 ADP-ribosylation factor-like 3 
               
               
                 ARL6 
                 NM_032146 
                 ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 
               
               
                 ARL6IP2 
                 NM_022374 
                 ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting 
               
               
                 ARMC5 
                 NM_024742 
                 armadillo repeat containing 5 
               
               
                 ARMC8 
                 NM_014154 
                 armadillo repeat containing 8 isoform 1 
               
               
                 ARNT 
                 NM_001668 
                 aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 
               
               
                 ARRDC4 
                 NM_183376 
                 arrestin domain containing 4 
               
               
                 ARSD 
                 NM_001669 
                 arylsulfatase D isoform a precursor 
               
               
                 ARTS-1 
                 NM_016442 
                 type 1 tumor necrosis factor receptor shedding 
               
               
                 ASAM 
                 NM_024769 
                 adipocyte-specific adhesion molecule 
               
               
                 ASB4 
                 NM_145872 
                 ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing protein 4 
               
               
                 ASB6 
                 NM_017873 
                 ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing 6 isoform 
               
               
                 ASCC3 
                 NM_006828 
                 activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 
               
               
                 ASL 
                 NM_000048 
                 argininosuccinate lyase isoform 1 
               
               
                 ASPH 
                 NM_004318 
                 aspartate beta-hydroxylase isoform a 
               
               
                 ASTN 
                 NM_004319 
                 astrotactin isoform 1 
               
               
                 ASXL1 
                 NM_015338 
                 additional sex combs like 1 
               
               
                 ASXL2 
                 NM_018263 
                 additional sex combs like 2 
               
               
                 ATCAY 
                 NM_033064 
                 caytaxin 
               
               
                 ATF3 
                 NM_001030287 
                 activating transcription factor 3 isoform 1 
               
               
                 ATG10 
                 NM_031482 
                 APG10 autophagy 10-like 
               
               
                 ATG12 
                 NM_004707 
                 APG12 autophagy 12-like 
               
               
                 ATG9A 
                 NM_024085 
                 APG9 autophagy 9-like 1 
               
               
                 ATG9B 
                 NM_173681 
                 nitric oxide synthase 3 antisense 
               
               
                 ATHL1 
                 NM_025092 
                 hypothetical protein LOC80162 
               
               
                 ATM 
                 NM_000051 
                 ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein isoform 1 
               
               
                 ATOH8 
                 NM_032827 
                 atonal homolog 8 
               
               
                 ATP10A 
                 NM_024490 
                 ATPase, Class V, type 10A 
               
               
                 ATP11B 
                 NM_014616 
                 ATPase, Class VI, type 11B 
               
               
                 ATP11C 
                 NM_001010986 
                 ATPase, Class VI, type 11C isoform b 
               
               
                 ATP1A2 
                 NM_000702 
                 Na+/K+-ATPase alpha 2 subunit proprotein 
               
               
                 ATP1A3 
                 NM_152296 
                 Na+/K+-ATPase alpha 3 subunit 
               
               
                 ATP2B2 
                 NM_001001331 
                 plasma membrane calcium ATPase 2 isoform a 
               
               
                 ATP6AP1 
                 NM_001183 
                 ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal accessory 
               
               
                 ATP6V0E 
                 NM_003945 
                 ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal, V0 subunit 
               
               
                 ATP6V1A 
                 NM_001690 
                 ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 70 kD, V1 
               
               
                 ATP6V1C2 
                 NM_144583 
                 vacuolar H+ ATPase C2 isoform b 
               
               
                 ATP6V1F 
                 NM_004231 
                 ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 14 kD, V1 
               
               
                 ATP8A1 
                 NM_006095 
                 ATPase, aminophospholipid transporter (APLT), 
               
               
                 ATPBD4 
                 NM_080650 
                 ATP binding domain 4 
               
               
                 ATPIF1 
                 NM_178191 
                 ATPase inhibitory factor 1 isoform 3 precursor 
               
               
                 ATXN1 
                 NM_000332 
                 ataxin 1 
               
               
                 AVPR1B 
                 NM_000707 
                 arginine vasopressin receptor 1B 
               
               
                 AZGP1 
                 NM_001185 
                 alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, zinc 
               
               
                 B3GNT6 
                 NM_138706 
                 UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal 
               
               
                 B4GALT1 
                 NM_001497 
                 UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- 
               
               
                 B4GALT5 
                 NM_004776 
                 UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- 
               
               
                 BAAT 
                 NM_001701 
                 bile acid Coenzyme A: amino acid 
               
               
                 BACE1 
                 NM_012104 
                 beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 isoform A 
               
               
                 BACH1 
                 NM_001011545 
                 BTB and CNC homology 1 isoform b 
               
               
                 BACH2 
                 NM_021813 
                 BTB and CNC homology 1, basic leucine zipper 
               
               
                 BAG1 
                 NM_004323 
                 BCL2-associated athanogene isoform 1L 
               
               
                 BAG3 
                 NM_004281 
                 BCL2-associated athanogene 3 
               
               
                 BAG5 
                 NM_001015048 
                 BCL2-associated athanogene 5 isoform b 
               
               
                 BAGE4 
                 NM_181704 
                 B melanoma antigen family, member 4 
               
               
                 BARHL2 
                 NM_020063 
                 BarH-like 2 
               
               
                 BAT2D1 
                 NM_015172 
                 HBxAg transactivated protein 2 
               
               
                 BATF2 
                 NM_138456 
                 basic leucine zipper transcription factor, 
               
               
                 BAZ2A 
                 NM_013449 
                 bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain, 2A 
               
               
                 BBC3 
                 NM_014417 
                 BCL2 binding component 3 
               
               
                 BBS1 
                 NM_024649 
                 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1 
               
               
                 BBS5 
                 NM_152384 
                 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 5 
               
               
                 BCAN 
                 NM_198427 
                 brevican isoform 2 
               
               
                 BCAP29 
                 NM_001008406 
                 B-cell receptor-associated protein BAP29 isoform 
               
               
                 BCAP31 
                 NM_005745 
                 B-cell receptor-associated protein 31 
               
               
                 BCL2 
                 NM_000633 
                 B-cell lymphoma protein 2 alpha isoform 
               
               
                 BCL3 
                 NM_005178 
                 B-cell CLL/lymphoma 3 
               
               
                 BCORL1 
                 NM_021946 
                 BCL6 co-repressor-like 1 
               
               
                 BCR 
                 NM_004327 
                 breakpoint cluster region isoform 1 
               
               
                 BDH2 
                 NM_020139 
                 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, type 2 
               
               
                 BET1L 
                 NM_016526 
                 blocked early in transport 1 homolog (S. 
               
               
                 BFAR 
                 NM_016561 
                 apoptosis regulator 
               
               
                 BGN 
                 NM_001711 
                 biglycan preproprotein 
               
               
                 BHLHB9 
                 NM_030639 
                 basic helix-loop-helix domain containing, class 
               
               
                 BHMT2 
                 NM_017614 
                 betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase 2 
               
               
                 BICD1 
                 NM_001003398 
                 bicaudal D homolog 1 isoform 2 
               
               
                 BIRC1 
                 NM_004536 
                 baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 1 
               
               
                 BIRC2 
                 NM_001166 
                 baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 
               
               
                 BIRC4 
                 NM_001167 
                 baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 4 
               
               
                 BIRC4BP 
                 NM_017523 
                 XIAP associated factor-1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 BIRC5 
                 NM_001012270 
                 baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 
               
               
                 BLMH 
                 NM_000386 
                 bleomycin hydrolase 
               
               
                 BLOC1S2 
                 NM_001001342 
                 biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles 
               
               
                 BLR1 
                 NM_001716 
                 Burkitt lymphoma receptor 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 BLZF1 
                 NM_003666 
                 basic leucine zipper nuclear factor 1 
               
               
                 BMPR1A 
                 NM_004329 
                 bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IA 
               
               
                 BMPR2 
                 NM_001204 
                 bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II 
               
               
                 BOK 
                 NM_032515 
                 BCL2-related ovarian killer 
               
               
                 BOLA2 
                 NM_001031833 
                 BolA-like protein 2 isoform b 
               
               
                 BOLL 
                 NM_033030 
                 boule isoform 2 
               
               
                 BPNT1 
                 NM_006085 
                 3′(2′), 5′-bisphosphate nucleotidase 1 
               
               
                 BRCA1 
                 NM_007306 
                 breast cancer 1, early onset isoform 
               
               
                 BRD2 
                 NM_005104 
                 bromodomain containing protein 2 
               
               
                 BRD4 
                 NM_014299 
                 bromodomain-containing protein 4 isoform short 
               
               
                 BSN 
                 NM_003458 
                 bassoon protein 
               
               
                 BTBD14B 
                 NM_052876 
                 transcriptional repressor NAC1 
               
               
                 BTBD15 
                 NM_014155 
                 BTB (POZ) domain containing 15 
               
               
                 BTBD4 
                 NM_025224 
                 BTB (POZ) domain containing 4 
               
               
                 BTBD6 
                 NM_033271 
                 BTB domain protein BDPL 
               
               
                 BTF3L4 
                 NM_152265 
                 transcription factor BTF3-like 
               
               
                 BTG2 
                 NM_006763 
                 B-cell translocation gene 2 
               
               
                 BTN1A1 
                 NM_001732 
                 butyrophilin, subfamily 1, member A1 
               
               
                 BTN2A1 
                 NM_007049 
                 butyrophilin, subfamily 2, member A1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 BTN2A2 
                 NM_006995 
                 butyrophilin, subfamily 2, member A2 isoform a 
               
               
                 BTN3A2 
                 NM_007047 
                 butyrophilin, subfamily 3, member A2 precursor 
               
               
                 BTNL8 
                 NM_024850 
                 butyrophilin-like 8 short form 
               
               
                 BTRC 
                 NM_003939 
                 beta-transducin repeat containing protein 
               
               
                 BVES 
                 NM_007073 
                 blood vessel epicardial substance 
               
               
                 C10orf10 
                 NM_007021 
                 fasting induced gene 
               
               
                 C10orf104 
                 NM_173473 
                 hypothetical protein LOC119504 
               
               
                 C10orf111 
                 NM_153244 
                 hypothetical protein LOC221060 
               
               
                 C10orf114 
                 NM_001010911 
                 hypothetical protein LOC399726 
               
               
                 C10orf12 
                 NM_015652 
                 hypothetical protein LOC26148 
               
               
                 C10orf129 
                 NM_207321 
                 hypothetical protein LOC142827 
               
               
                 C10orf38 
                 NM_001010924 
                 hypothetical protein LOC221061 
               
               
                 C10orf39 
                 NM_194303 
                 hypothetical protein LOC282973 
               
               
                 C10orf42 
                 NM_138357 
                 hypothetical protein LOC90550 
               
               
                 C10orf46 
                 NM_153810 
                 hypothetical protein LOC143384 
               
               
                 C10orf53 
                 NM_182554 
                 hypothetical protein LOC282966 
               
               
                 C10orf54 
                 NM_022153 
                 hypothetical protein LOC64115 
               
               
                 C10orf56 
                 NM_153367 
                 hypothetical protein LOC219654 
               
               
                 C10orf65 
                 NM_138413 
                 hypothetical protein LOC112817 
               
               
                 C10orf83 
                 NM_178832 
                 hypothetical protein LOC118812 
               
               
                 C10orf99 
                 NM_207373 
                 hypothetical protein LOC387695 
               
               
                 C11orf1 
                 NM_022761 
                 hypothetical protein LOC64776 
               
               
                 C11orf17 
                 NM_182901 
                 chromosome 11 open reading frame 17 
               
               
                 C11orf45 
                 NM_145013 
                 hypothetical protein LOC219833 
               
               
                 C11orf46 
                 NM_152316 
                 hypothetical protein LOC120534 
               
               
                 C11orf49 
                 NM_001003676 
                 hypothetical protein LOC79096 isoform 1 
               
               
                 C11orf54 
                 NM_014039 
                 hypothetical protein LOC28970 
               
               
                 C11orf55 
                 NM_207428 
                 hypothetical protein LOC399879 
               
               
                 C11orf69 
                 NM_152314 
                 hypothetical protein LOC120196 
               
               
                 C12orf22 
                 NM_030809 
                 TGF-beta induced apoptosis protein 12 
               
               
                 C12orf29 
                 NM_001009894 
                 hypothetical protein LOC91298 
               
               
                 C12orf31 
                 NM_032338 
                 hypothetical protein LOC84298 
               
               
                 C12orf41 
                 NM_017822 
                 hypothetical protein LOC54934 
               
               
                 C12orf5 
                 NM_020375 
                 chromosome 12 open reading frame 5 
               
               
                 C12orf59 
                 NM_153022 
                 hypothetical protein LOC120939 
               
               
                 C13orf3 
                 NM_145061 
                 hypothetical protein LOC221150 
               
               
                 C14orf103 
                 NM_018036 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55102 
               
               
                 C14orf11 
                 NM_018453 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55837 
               
               
                 C14orf115 
                 NM_018228 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55237 
               
               
                 C14orf143 
                 NM_145231 
                 hypothetical protein LOC90141 
               
               
                 C14orf150 
                 NM_001008726 
                 hypothetical protein LOC112840 
               
               
                 C14orf162 
                 NM_020181 
                 chromosome 14 open reading frame 162 
               
               
                 C14orf43 
                 NM_194278 
                 hypothetical protein LOC91748 
               
               
                 C14orf58 
                 NM_017791 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55640 
               
               
                 C14orf8 
                 NM_173846 
                 chromosome 14 open reading frame 8 
               
               
                 C15orf15 
                 NM_016304 
                 ribosomal protein L24-like 
               
               
                 C15orf20 
                 NM_025049 
                 DNA helicase homolog PIF1 
               
               
                 C15orf27 
                 NM_152335 
                 hypothetical protein LOC123591 
               
               
                 C15orf38 
                 NM_182616 
                 hypothetical protein LOC348110 
               
               
                 C15orf39 
                 NM_015492 
                 hypothetical protein LOC56905 
               
               
                 C15orf42 
                 NM_152259 
                 leucine-rich repeat kinase 1 
               
               
                 C16orf53 
                 NM_024516 
                 hypothetical protein LOC79447 
               
               
                 C16orf54 
                 NM_175900 
                 hypothetical protein LOC283897 
               
               
                 C16orf58 
                 NM_022744 
                 hypothetical protein LOC64755 
               
               
                 C17orf28 
                 NM_030630 
                 hypothetical protein LOC283987 
               
               
                 C17orf42 
                 NM_024683 
                 hypothetical protein LOC79736 
               
               
                 C17orf45 
                 NM_152350 
                 hypothetical protein LOC125144 
               
               
                 C17orf53 
                 NM_024032 
                 hypothetical protein LOC78995 
               
               
                 C17orf56 
                 NM_144679 
                 hypothetical protein LOC146705 
               
               
                 C17orf59 
                 NM_017622 
                 hypothetical protein LOC54785 
               
               
                 C17orf69 
                 NM_152466 
                 hypothetical protein LOC147081 
               
               
                 C18orf1 
                 NM_001003674 
                 hypothetical protein LOC753 isoform gamma 1 
               
               
                 C18orf24 
                 NM_145060 
                 hypothetical protein LOC220134 
               
               
                 C18orf25 
                 NM_001008239 
                 chromosome 18 open reading frame 25 isoform b 
               
               
                 C18orf45 
                 NM_032933 
                 hypothetical protein LOC85019 
               
               
                 C19orf10 
                 NM_019107 
                 chromosome 19 open reading frame 10 
               
               
                 C19orf23 
                 NM_152480 
                 hypothetical protein LOC148046 
               
               
                 C19orf35 
                 NM_198532 
                 hypothetical protein LOC374872 
               
               
                 C19orf39 
                 NM_175871 
                 hypothetical protein LOC126074 
               
               
                 C19orf4 
                 NM_012109 
                 brain-specific membrane-anchored protein 
               
               
                 C1orf106 
                 NM_018265 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55765 
               
               
                 C1orf107 
                 NM_014388 
                 hypothetical protein LOC27042 
               
               
                 C1orf108 
                 NM_024595 
                 hypothetical protein LOC79647 
               
               
                 C1orf109 
                 NM_017850 
                 hypothetical protein LOC54955 
               
               
                 C1orf115 
                 NM_024709 
                 hypothetical protein LOC79762 
               
               
                 C1orf116 
                 NM_023938 
                 specifically androgen-regulated protein 
               
               
                 C1orf117 
                 NM_182623 
                 hypothetical protein LOC348487 
               
               
                 C1orf119 
                 NM_020141 
                 hypothetical protein LOC56900 
               
               
                 C1orf130 
                 NM_001010980 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400746 
               
               
                 C1orf135 
                 NM_024037 
                 hypothetical protein LOC79000 
               
               
                 C1orf140 
                 NM_001010913 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400804 
               
               
                 C1orf144 
                 NM_015609 
                 putative MAPK activating protein PM20, PM21 
               
               
                 C1orf145 
                 NM_001025495 
                 hypothetical protein LOC574407 
               
               
                 C1orf149 
                 NM_022756 
                 hypothetical protein LOC64769 
               
               
                 C1orf151 
                 NM_001032363 
                 chromosome 1 open reading frame 151 protein 
               
               
                 C1orf157 
                 NM_182579 
                 hypothetical protein LOC284573 
               
               
                 C1orf162 
                 NM_174896 
                 hypothetical protein LOC128346 
               
               
                 C1orf166 
                 NM_024544 
                 hypothetical protein LOC79594 
               
               
                 C1orf172 
                 NM_152365 
                 hypothetical protein LOC126695 
               
               
                 C1orf173 
                 NM_001002912 
                 hypothetical protein LOC127254 
               
               
                 C1orf183 
                 NM_019099 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55924 isoform 1 
               
               
                 C1orf187 
                 NM_198545 
                 chromosome 1 open reading frame 187 
               
               
                 C1orf21 
                 NM_030806 
                 chromosome 1 open reading frame 21 
               
               
                 C1orf36 
                 NM_183059 
                 chromosome 1 open reading frame 36 
               
               
                 C1orf38 
                 NM_004848 
                 basement membrane-induced gene isoform 1 
               
               
                 C1orf45 
                 NM_001025231 
                 hypothetical protein LOC448834 
               
               
                 C1orf49 
                 NM_032126 
                 hypothetical protein LOC84066 
               
               
                 C1orf52 
                 NM_198077 
                 hypothetical protein LOC148423 
               
               
                 C1orf53 
                 NM_001024594 
                 hypothetical protein LOC388722 
               
               
                 C1orf56 
                 NM_017860 
                 hypothetical protein LOC54964 
               
               
                 C1orf61 
                 NM_006365 
                 transcriptional activator of the c-fos promoter 
               
               
                 C1orf66 
                 NM_015997 
                 hypothetical protein LOC51093 
               
               
                 C1orf69 
                 NM_001010867 
                 hypothetical protein LOC200205 
               
               
                 C1orf74 
                 NM_152485 
                 hypothetical protein LOC148304 
               
               
                 C1orf76 
                 NM_173509 
                 hypothetical protein MGC16664 
               
               
                 C1orf80 
                 NM_022831 
                 hypothetical protein LOC64853 
               
               
                 C1orf83 
                 NM_153035 
                 hypothetical protein LOC127428 
               
               
                 C1orf95 
                 NM_001003665 
                 hypothetical protein LOC375057 
               
               
                 C1orf96 
                 NM_145257 
                 hypothetical protein LOC126731 
               
               
                 C1QTNF1 
                 NM_030968 
                 C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 1 
               
               
                 C1RL 
                 NM_016546 
                 complement component 1, r subcomponent-like 
               
               
                 C20orf108 
                 NM_080821 
                 hypothetical protein LOC116151 
               
               
                 C20orf11 
                 NM_017896 
                 chromosome 20 open reading frame 11 
               
               
                 C20orf111 
                 NM_016470 
                 oxidative stress responsive 1 
               
               
                 C20orf12 
                 NM_018152 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55184 
               
               
                 C20orf28 
                 NM_015417 
                 hypothetical protein LOC25876 
               
               
                 C20orf29 
                 NM_018347 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55317 
               
               
                 C20orf4 
                 NM_015511 
                 hypothetical protein LOC25980 
               
               
                 C20orf42 
                 NM_017671 
                 chromosome 20 open reading frame 42 
               
               
                 C20orf43 
                 NM_016407 
                 hypothetical protein LOC51507 
               
               
                 C20orf44 
                 NM_018244 
                 basic FGF-repressed Zic binding protein isoform 
               
               
                 C20orf98 
                 NM_024958 
                 hypothetical protein LOC80023 
               
               
                 C21orf114 
                 NM_001012707 
                 hypothetical protein LOC378826 
               
               
                 C21orf24 
                 NM_001001789 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400866 
               
               
                 C21orf29 
                 NM_144991 
                 chromosome 21 open reading frame 29 
               
               
                 C21orf62 
                 NM_019596 
                 hypothetical protein LOC56245 
               
               
                 C21orf69 
                 NM_058189 
                 chromosome 21 open reading frame 69 
               
               
                 C21orf93 
                 NM_145179 
                 hypothetical protein LOC246704 
               
               
                 C22orf13 
                 NM_031444 
                 chromosome 22 open reading frame 13 
               
               
                 C22orf18 
                 NM_001002876 
                 proliferation associated nuclear element 1 
               
               
                 C22orf25 
                 NM_152906 
                 hypothetical protein LOC128989 
               
               
                 C22orf9 
                 NM_001009880 
                 hypothetical protein LOC23313 isoform b 
               
               
                 C2orf11 
                 NM_144629 
                 hypothetical protein LOC130132 
               
               
                 C2orf15 
                 NM_144706 
                 hypothetical protein LOC150590 
               
               
                 C2orf17 
                 NM_024293 
                 hypothetical protein LOC79137 
               
               
                 C2orf18 
                 NM_017877 
                 hypothetical protein LOC54978 
               
               
                 C2orf27 
                 NM_013310 
                 hypothetical protein LOC29798 
               
               
                 C2orf37 
                 NM_025000 
                 hypothetical protein LOC80067 
               
               
                 C3orf17 
                 NM_001025072 
                 hypothetical protein LOC25871 isoform b 
               
               
                 C3orf21 
                 NM_152531 
                 hypothetical protein LOC152002 
               
               
                 C3orf23 
                 NM_001029839 
                 hypothetical protein LOC285343 isoform 2 
               
               
                 C3orf34 
                 NM_032898 
                 hypothetical protein LOC84984 
               
               
                 C4orf13 
                 NM_001030316 
                 hypothetical protein LOC84068 isoform a 
               
               
                 C5orf21 
                 NM_032042 
                 hypothetical protein LOC83989 
               
               
                 C5orf24 
                 NM_152409 
                 hypothetical protein LOC134553 
               
               
                 C5orf4 
                 NM_016348 
                 hypothetical protein LOC10826 isoform 1 
               
               
                 C6orf130 
                 NM_145063 
                 hypothetical protein LOC221443 
               
               
                 C6orf149 
                 NM_020408 
                 hypothetical protein LOC57128 
               
               
                 C6orf15 
                 NM_014070 
                 STG protein 
               
               
                 C6orf155 
                 NM_024882 
                 hypothetical protein LOC79940 
               
               
                 C6orf157 
                 NM_198920 
                 hypothetical protein LOC90025 
               
               
                 C6orf165 
                 NM_178823 
                 hypothetical protein LOC154313 isoform 2 
               
               
                 C6orf201 
                 NM_206834 
                 hypothetical protein LOC404220 
               
               
                 C6orf205 
                 NM_001010909 
                 hypothetical protein LOC394263 
               
               
                 C6orf69 
                 NM_173562 
                 hypothetical protein LOC222658 
               
               
                 C6orf96 
                 NM_017909 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55005 
               
               
                 C6orf97 
                 NM_025059 
                 hypothetical protein LOC80129 
               
               
                 C7 
                 NM_000587 
                 complement component 7 precursor 
               
               
                 C7orf34 
                 NM_178829 
                 hypothetical protein LOC135927 
               
               
                 C7orf38 
                 NM_145111 
                 hypothetical protein LOC221786 
               
               
                 C8orf1 
                 NM_004337 
                 hypothetical protein LOC734 
               
               
                 C8orf17 
                 NM_020237 
                 MOST-1 protein 
               
               
                 C8orf44 
                 NM_019607 
                 hypothetical protein LOC56260 
               
               
                 C8orf51 
                 NM_024035 
                 hypothetical protein LOC78998 
               
               
                 C9orf106 
                 NM_001012715 
                 hypothetical protein LOC414318 
               
               
                 C9orf128 
                 NM_001012446 
                 hypothetical protein LOC392307 
               
               
                 C9orf140 
                 NM_178448 
                 hypothetical protein LOC89958 
               
               
                 C9orf152 
                 NM_001012993 
                 hypothetical protein LOC401546 
               
               
                 C9orf163 
                 NM_152571 
                 hypothetical protein LOC158055 
               
               
                 C9orf25 
                 NM_147202 
                 hypothetical protein LOC203259 
               
               
                 C9orf27 
                 NM_021208 
                 chromosome 9 open reading frame 27 
               
               
                 C9orf42 
                 NM_138333 
                 hypothetical protein LOC116224 
               
               
                 C9orf5 
                 NM_032012 
                 hypothetical protein LOC23731 
               
               
                 C9orf50 
                 NM_199350 
                 hypothetical protein LOC375759 
               
               
                 C9orf58 
                 NM_001002260 
                 chromosome 9 open reading frame 58 isoform 2 
               
               
                 C9orf65 
                 NM_138818 
                 hypothetical protein LOC158471 
               
               
                 C9orf89 
                 NM_032310 
                 chromosome 9 open reading frame 89 
               
               
                 C9orf91 
                 NM_153045 
                 hypothetical protein LOC203197 
               
               
                 CA12 
                 NM_001218 
                 carbonic anhydrase XII isoform 1 precursor 
               
               
                 CA2 
                 NM_000067 
                 carbonic anhydrase II 
               
               
                 CABLES2 
                 NM_031215 
                 Cdk5 and Abl enzyme substrate 2 
               
               
                 CACHD1 
                 NM_020925 
                 cache domain containing 1 
               
               
                 CACNA1E 
                 NM_000721 
                 calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 1E 
               
               
                 CACNA2D2 
                 NM_001005505 
                 calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 
               
               
                 CACNA2D3 
                 NM_018398 
                 calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 
               
               
                 CACNG4 
                 NM_014405 
                 voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 
               
               
                 CALCB 
                 NM_000728 
                 calcitonin-related polypeptide, beta 
               
               
                 CALD1 
                 NM_004342 
                 caldesmon 1 isoform 2 
               
               
                 CALM3 
                 NM_005184 
                 calmodulin 3 
               
               
                 CALML4 
                 NM_033429 
                 calmodulin-like 4 isoform 2 
               
               
                 CALN1 
                 NM_001017440 
                 calneuron 1 
               
               
                 CALR 
                 NM_004343 
                 calreticulin precursor 
               
               
                 CAMK2A 
                 NM_015981 
                 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIA 
               
               
                 CAMK2D 
                 NM_172127 
                 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II 
               
               
                 CAMK2G 
                 NM_001222 
                 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II 
               
               
                 CAMKK1 
                 NM_032294 
                 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 1 
               
               
                 CAMKK2 
                 NM_006549 
                 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 
               
               
                 CAMLG 
                 NM_001745 
                 calcium modulating ligand 
               
               
                 CAMSAP1 
                 NM_015447 
                 calmodulin regulated spectrin-associated protein 
               
               
                 CAND1 
                 NM_018448 
                 TIP120 protein 
               
               
                 CAPN11 
                 NM_007058 
                 calpain 11 
               
               
                 CAPN3 
                 NM_212464 
                 calpain 3 isoform g 
               
               
                 CAPZB 
                 NM_004930 
                 F-actin capping protein beta subunit 
               
               
                 CARKL 
                 NM_013276 
                 carbohydrate kinase-like 
               
               
                 CASC2 
                 NM_178816 
                 cancer susceptibility candidate 2 isoform 1 
               
               
                 CASC3 
                 NM_007359 
                 cancer susceptibility candidate 3 
               
               
                 CASKIN2 
                 NM_020753 
                 cask-interacting protein 2 
               
               
                 CASP2 
                 NM_032982 
                 caspase 2 isoform 1 preproprotein 
               
               
                 CASP8 
                 NM_001228 
                 caspase 8 isoform A 
               
               
                 CASQ2 
                 NM_001232 
                 cardiac calsequestrin 2 
               
               
                 CAST1 
                 NM_015576 
                 cytomatrix protein p110 
               
               
                 CBFA2T2 
                 NM_001032999 
                 core-binding factor, runt domain, alpha subunit 
               
               
                 CBFB 
                 NM_001755 
                 core-binding factor, beta subunit isoform 2 
               
               
                 CBL 
                 NM_005188 
                 Cas-Br-M (murine) ecotropic retroviral 
               
               
                 CBLL1 
                 NM_024814 
                 Cas-Br-M (murine) ecotropic retroviral 
               
               
                 CBX7 
                 NM_175709 
                 chromobox homolog 7 
               
               
                 CC2D1B 
                 NM_032449 
                 coiled-coil and C2 domain containing 1B 
               
               
                 CCBL1 
                 NM_004059 
                 cytoplasmic cysteine conjugate-beta lyase 
               
               
                 CCBP2 
                 NM_001296 
                 chemokine binding protein 2 
               
               
                 CCDC102B 
                 NM_024781 
                 hypothetical protein LOC79839 
               
               
                 CCDC14 
                 NM_022757 
                 coiled-coil domain containing 14 
               
               
                 CCDC21 
                 NM_022778 
                 coiled-coil domain containing 21 
               
               
                 CCDC25 
                 NM_001031708 
                 coiled-coil domain containing 25 isoform 1 
               
               
                 CCDC33 
                 NM_182791 
                 hypothetical protein LOC80125 
               
               
                 CCDC49 
                 NM_017748 
                 hypothetical protein LOC54883 
               
               
                 CCDC58 
                 NM_001017928 
                 hypothetical protein LOC131076 
               
               
                 CCDC68 
                 NM_025214 
                 CTCL tumor antigen se57-1 
               
               
                 CCDC72 
                 NM_015933 
                 hypothetical protein LOC51372 
               
               
                 CCDC93 
                 NM_019044 
                 hypothetical protein LOC54520 
               
               
                 CCDC94 
                 NM_018074 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55702 
               
               
                 CCDC97 
                 NM_052848 
                 hypothetical protein LOC90324 
               
               
                 CCDC98 
                 NM_139076 
                 coiled-coil domain containing 98 
               
               
                 CCKAR 
                 NM_000730 
                 cholecystokinin A receptor 
               
               
                 CCL18 
                 NM_002988 
                 small inducible cytokine A18 precursor 
               
               
                 CCL22 
                 NM_002990 
                 small inducible cytokine A22 precursor 
               
               
                 CCL4L1 
                 NM_001001435 
                 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4-like 1 precursor 
               
               
                 CCL4L2 
                 NM_207007 
                 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4-like 2 precursor 
               
               
                 CCL7 
                 NM_006273 
                 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7 precursor 
               
               
                 CCND1 
                 NM_053056 
                 cyclin D1 
               
               
                 CCND2 
                 NM_001759 
                 cyclin D2 
               
               
                 CCNT2 
                 NM_001241 
                 cyclin T2 isoform a 
               
               
                 CCPG1 
                 NM_004748 
                 cell cycle progression 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 CCR1 
                 NM_001295 
                 chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1 
               
               
                 CCR2 
                 NM_000647 
                 chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 isoform A 
               
               
                 CCR6 
                 NM_004367 
                 chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 6 
               
               
                 CCT5 
                 NM_012073 
                 chaperonin containing TCP1, subunit 5 (epsilon) 
               
               
                 CD109 
                 NM_133493 
                 CD109 
               
               
                 CD164L2 
                 NM_207397 
                 CD164 sialomucin-like 2 
               
               
                 CD22 
                 NM_001771 
                 CD22 antigen 
               
               
                 CD244 
                 NM_016382 
                 CD244 natural killer cell receptor 2B4 
               
               
                 CD276 
                 NM_001024736 
                 CD276 antigen isoform a 
               
               
                 CD28 
                 NM_006139 
                 CD28 antigen 
               
               
                 CD300C 
                 NM_006678 
                 CD300C antigen 
               
               
                 CD300LG 
                 NM_145273 
                 triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 
               
               
                 CD34 
                 NM_001025109 
                 CD34 antigen isoform a 
               
               
                 CD3D 
                 NM_000732 
                 CD3D antigen, delta polypeptide (TiT3 complex) 
               
               
                 CD4 
                 NM_000616 
                 CD4 antigen precursor 
               
               
                 CD40 
                 NM_152854 
                 CD40 antigen isoform 2 precursor 
               
               
                 CD44 
                 NM_000610 
                 CD44 antigen isoform 1 precursor 
               
               
                 CD47 
                 NM_001025079 
                 CD47 molecule isoform 3 precursor 
               
               
                 CD53 
                 NM_000560 
                 CD53 antigen 
               
               
                 CD80 
                 NM_005191 
                 CD80 antigen (CD28 antigen ligand 1, B7-1 
               
               
                 CD82 
                 NM_001024844 
                 CD82 antigen isoform 2 
               
               
                 CD84 
                 NM_003874 
                 CD84 antigen (leukocyte antigen) 
               
               
                 CD8A 
                 NM_001768 
                 CD8 antigen alpha polypeptide isoform 1 
               
               
                 CD93 
                 NM_012072 
                 CD93 antigen precursor 
               
               
                 CDAN1 
                 NM_138477 
                 codanin 1 
               
               
                 CDC25A 
                 NM_001789 
                 cell division cycle 25A isoform a 
               
               
                 CDC25B 
                 NM_004358 
                 cell division cycle 25B isoform 2 
               
               
                 CDC42BPA 
                 NM_003607 
                 CDC42-binding protein kinase alpha isoform B 
               
               
                 CDC42SE1 
                 NM_020239 
                 CDC42 small effector 1 
               
               
                 CDCA5 
                 NM_080668 
                 cell division cycle associated 5 
               
               
                 CDGAP 
                 NM_020754 
                 Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein 
               
               
                 CDH1 
                 NM_004360 
                 cadherin 1, type 1 preproprotein 
               
               
                 CDH17 
                 NM_004063 
                 cadherin 17 precursor 
               
               
                 CDH3 
                 NM_001793 
                 cadherin 3, type 1 preproprotein 
               
               
                 CDH5 
                 NM_001795 
                 cadherin 5, type 2 preproprotein 
               
               
                 CDK2AP1 
                 NM_004642 
                 CDK2-associated protein 1 
               
               
                 CDK5R2 
                 NM_003936 
                 cyclin-dependent kinase 5, regulatory subunit 2 
               
               
                 CDK5RAP3 
                 NM_025197 
                 CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 3 
               
               
                 CDK6 
                 NM_001259 
                 cyclin-dependent kinase 6 
               
               
                 CDKAL1 
                 NM_017774 
                 CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 
               
               
                 CDON 
                 NM_016952 
                 surface glycoprotein, Ig superfamily member 
               
               
                 CDR2L 
                 NM_014603 
                 paraneoplastic antigen 
               
               
                 CDRT1 
                 NM_006382 
                 CMT1A duplicated region transcript 1 
               
               
                 CDRT4 
                 NM_173622 
                 hypothetical protein LOC284040 
               
               
                 CDX1 
                 NM_001804 
                 caudal type homeo box transcription factor 1 
               
               
                 CEACAM5 
                 NM_004363 
                 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion 
               
               
                 CELSR1 
                 NM_014246 
                 cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 1 
               
               
                 CELSR2 
                 NM_001408 
                 cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 2 
               
               
                 CELSR3 
                 NM_001407 
                 cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 3 
               
               
                 CENTA2 
                 NM_018404 
                 centaurin-alpha 2 protein 
               
               
                 CENTD1 
                 NM_015230 
                 centaurin delta 1 isoform a 
               
               
                 CENTG1 
                 NM_014770 
                 centaurin, gamma 1 
               
               
                 CEP135 
                 NM_025009 
                 centrosome protein 4 
               
               
                 CEP192 
                 NM_018069 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55125 isoform 2 
               
               
                 CEP350 
                 NM_014810 
                 centrosome-associated protein 350 
               
               
                 CFD 
                 NM_001928 
                 complement factor D preproprotein 
               
               
                 CG018 
                 NM_052818 
                 hypothetical protein LOC90634 
               
               
                 CGN 
                 NM_020770 
                 cingulin 
               
               
                 CGNL1 
                 NM_032866 
                 cingulin-like 1 
               
               
                 CHD5 
                 NM_015557 
                 chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 5 
               
               
                 CHD6 
                 NM_032221 
                 chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 6 
               
               
                 CHKA 
                 NM_001277 
                 choline kinase alpha isoform a 
               
               
                 CHKB 
                 NM_152253 
                 choline/ethanolamine kinase isoform b 
               
               
                 CHML 
                 NM_001821 
                 choroideremia-like Rab escort protein 2 
               
               
                 CHPF 
                 NM_024536 
                 chondroitin polymerizing factor 
               
               
                 CHRNB1 
                 NM_000747 
                 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta 1 subunit 
               
               
                 CHRNB2 
                 NM_000748 
                 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, beta 
               
               
                 CHRNG 
                 NM_005199 
                 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, gamma 
               
               
                 CHST10 
                 NM_004854 
                 HNK-1 sulfotransferase 
               
               
                 CHST13 
                 NM_152889 
                 carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase 
               
               
                 CHST3 
                 NM_004273 
                 carbohydrate (chondroitin 6) sulfotransferase 3 
               
               
                 CHST4 
                 NM_005769 
                 carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) 
               
               
                 CHURC1 
                 NM_145165 
                 churchill domain containing 1 
               
               
                 CIAPIN1 
                 NM_020313 
                 cytokine induced apoptosis inhibitor 1 
               
               
                 CIAS1 
                 NM_004895 
                 cryopyrin isoform a 
               
               
                 CIDEA 
                 NM_001279 
                 cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector a isoform 
               
               
                 CIR 
                 NM_004882 
                 CBF1 interacting corepressor 
               
               
                 CIT 
                 NM_007174 
                 citron 
               
               
                 CITED4 
                 NM_133467 
                 Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator, with 
               
               
                 CLASP1 
                 NM_015282 
                 CLIP-associating protein 1 
               
               
                 CLCN6 
                 NM_001286 
                 chloride channel 6 isoform ClC-6a 
               
               
                 CLEC12A 
                 NM_138337 
                 myeloid inhibitory C-type lectin-like receptor 
               
               
                 CLEC12B 
                 NM_205852 
                 macrophage antigen h 
               
               
                 CLEC4E 
                 NM_014358 
                 C-type lectin domain family 4, member E 
               
               
                 CLEC4F 
                 NM_173535 
                 C-type lectin, superfamily member 13 
               
               
                 CLEC5A 
                 NM_013252 
                 C-type lectin, superfamily member 5 
               
               
                 CLIC4 
                 NM_013943 
                 chloride intracellular channel 4 
               
               
                 CLN5 
                 NM_006493 
                 ceroid-lipofuscinosis, neuronal 5 
               
               
                 CLN6 
                 NM_017882 
                 CLN6 protein 
               
               
                 CLN8 
                 NM_018941 
                 CLN8 protein 
               
               
                 CLPS 
                 NM_001832 
                 colipase preproprotein 
               
               
                 CLYBL 
                 NM_138280 
                 citrate lyase beta like 
               
               
                 CMYA5 
                 NM_153610 
                 cardiomyopathy associated 5 
               
               
                 CNDP2 
                 NM_018235 
                 CNDP dipeptidase 2 (metallopeptidase M20 
               
               
                 CNGA2 
                 NM_005140 
                 cyclic nucleotide gated channel alpha 2 
               
               
                 CNGA3 
                 NM_001298 
                 cyclic nucleotide gated channel alpha 3 
               
               
                 CNGB1 
                 NM_001297 
                 cyclic nucleotide gated channel beta 1 
               
               
                 CNNM1 
                 NM_020348 
                 cyclin M1 
               
               
                 CNNM3 
                 NM_017623 
                 cyclin M3 isoform 1 
               
               
                 CNOT4 
                 NM_013316 
                 CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 4 
               
               
                 CNP 
                 NM_033133 
                 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′ phosphodiesterase 
               
               
                 CNTD1 
                 NM_173478 
                 hypothetical protein LOC124817 
               
               
                 CNTD2 
                 NM_024877 
                 hypothetical protein LOC79935 
               
               
                 CNTNAP2 
                 NM_014141 
                 cell recognition molecule Caspr2 precursor 
               
               
                 COG4 
                 NM_015386 
                 component of oligomeric golgi complex 4 
               
               
                 COG5 
                 NM_006348 
                 component of oligomeric golgi complex 5 isoform 
               
               
                 COL12A1 
                 NM_004370 
                 collagen, type XII, alpha 1 long isoform 
               
               
                 COL18A1 
                 NM_030582 
                 alpha 1 type XVIII collagen isoform 1 precursor 
               
               
                 COL1A1 
                 NM_000088 
                 alpha 1 type I collagen preproprotein 
               
               
                 COL21A1 
                 NM_030820 
                 collagen, type XXI, alpha 1 precursor 
               
               
                 COL24A1 
                 NM_152890 
                 collagen, type XXIV, alpha 1 
               
               
                 COL4A4 
                 NM_000092 
                 alpha 4 type IV collagen precursor 
               
               
                 COL4A5 
                 NM_000495 
                 alpha 5 type IV collagen isoform 1, precursor 
               
               
                 COL5A2 
                 NM_000393 
                 alpha 2 type V collagen preproprotein 
               
               
                 COL5A3 
                 NM_015719 
                 collagen, type V, alpha 3 preproprotein 
               
               
                 COL9A1 
                 NM_001851 
                 alpha 1 type IX collagen isoform 1 precursor 
               
               
                 COL9A2 
                 NM_001852 
                 alpha 2 type IX collagen 
               
               
                 COMMD2 
                 NM_016094 
                 COMM domain containing 2 
               
               
                 COMMD5 
                 NM_014066 
                 hypertension-related calcium-regulated gene 
               
               
                 COMMD7 
                 NM_053041 
                 COMM domain containing 7 
               
               
                 COPA 
                 NM_004371 
                 coatomer protein complex, subunit alpha 
               
               
                 COPZ1 
                 NM_016057 
                 coatomer protein complex, subunit zeta 1 
               
               
                 COQ5 
                 NM_032314 
                 hypothetical protein LOC84274 
               
               
                 COQ9 
                 NM_020312 
                 hypothetical protein LOC57017 
               
               
                 CORIN 
                 NM_006587 
                 corin 
               
               
                 CORO1B 
                 NM_001018070 
                 coronin, actin binding protein, 1B 
               
               
                 CORO2B 
                 NM_006091 
                 coronin, actin binding protein, 2B 
               
               
                 COTL1 
                 NM_021149 
                 coactosin-like 1 
               
               
                 COVA1 
                 NM_006375 
                 cytosolic ovarian carcinoma antigen 1 isoform a 
               
               
                 COX4NB 
                 NM_006067 
                 neighbor of COX4 
               
               
                 COX7A2L 
                 NM_004718 
                 cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa polypeptide 2 
               
               
                 CP110 
                 NM_014711 
                 CP110 protein 
               
               
                 CPAMD8 
                 NM_015692 
                 C3 and PZP-like, alpha-2-macroglobulin domain 
               
               
                 CPB2 
                 NM_001872 
                 plasma carboxypeptidase B2 isoform a 
               
               
                 CPD 
                 NM_001304 
                 carboxypeptidase D precursor 
               
               
                 CPLX2 
                 NM_001008220 
                 complexin 2 
               
               
                 CPM 
                 NM_001005502 
                 carboxypeptidase M precursor 
               
               
                 CPNE3 
                 NM_003909 
                 copine III 
               
               
                 CPOX 
                 NM_000097 
                 coproporphyrinogen oxidase 
               
               
                 CPSF2 
                 NM_017437 
                 cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 2 
               
               
                 CPSF3L 
                 NM_032179 
                 related to CPSF subunits 68 kDa isoform 2 
               
               
                 CRAMP1L 
                 NM_020825 
                 Crm, cramped-like 
               
               
                 CREB1 
                 NM_004379 
                 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 
               
               
                 CREB3L2 
                 NM_194071 
                 cAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 
               
               
                 CREB5 
                 NM_001011666 
                 cAMP responsive element binding protein 5 
               
               
                 CREBL2 
                 NM_001310 
                 cAMP responsive element binding protein-like 2 
               
               
                 CREG2 
                 NM_153836 
                 cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 2 
               
               
                 CRELD1 
                 NM_001031717 
                 cysteine-rich with EGF-like domains 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 CRISPLD2 
                 NM_031476 
                 cysteine-rich secretory protein LCCL domain 
               
               
                 CRK 
                 NM_005206 
                 v-crk sarcoma virus CT10 oncogene homolog 
               
               
                 CRLF3 
                 NM_015986 
                 cytokine receptor-like factor 3 
               
               
                 CRNKL1 
                 NM_016652 
                 crooked neck-like 1 protein 
               
               
                 CRSP2 
                 NM_004229 
                 cofactor required for Sp1 transcriptional 
               
               
                 CRSP7 
                 NM_004831 
                 cofactor required for Sp1 transcriptional 
               
               
                 CRTC3 
                 NM_022769 
                 transducer of regulated CREB protein 3 
               
               
                 CRX 
                 NM_000554 
                 cone-rod homeobox protein 
               
               
                 CSDC2 
                 NM_014460 
                 RNA-binding protein pippin 
               
               
                 CSF1 
                 NM_172212 
                 colony stimulating factor 1 isoform a precursor 
               
               
                 CSF2RA 
                 NM_006140 
                 colony stimulating factor 2 receptor alpha chain 
               
               
                 CSMD1 
                 NM_033225 
                 CUB and Sushi multiple domains 1 
               
               
                 CSNK1G1 
                 NM_001011664 
                 casein kinase 1, gamma 1 isoform L 
               
               
                 CSNK1G3 
                 NM_001031812 
                 casein kinase 1, gamma 3 isoform 2 
               
               
                 CSNK2A1 
                 NM_001895 
                 casein kinase II alpha 1 subunit isoform a 
               
               
                 CSPG3 
                 NM_004386 
                 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 3 (neurocan) 
               
               
                 CSRP3 
                 NM_003476 
                 cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3 
               
               
                 CSTB 
                 NM_000100 
                 cystatin B 
               
               
                 CTAGE1 
                 NM_172241 
                 cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated antigen 1 
               
               
                 CTDSP2 
                 NM_005730 
                 nuclear LIM interactor-interacting factor 2 
               
               
                 CTF1 
                 NM_001330 
                 cardiotrophin 1 
               
               
                 CTGF 
                 NM_001901 
                 connective tissue growth factor 
               
               
                 CTH 
                 NM_001902 
                 cystathionase isoform 1 
               
               
                 CTLA4 
                 NM_005214 
                 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 
               
               
                 CTNNBIP1 
                 NM_001012329 
                 catenin, beta interacting protein 1 
               
               
                 CTNND1 
                 NM_001331 
                 catenin (cadherin-associated protein), delta 1 
               
               
                 CTSB 
                 NM_001908 
                 cathepsin B preproprotein 
               
               
                 CTSC 
                 NM_148170 
                 cathepsin C isoform b precursor 
               
               
                 CTSD 
                 NM_001909 
                 cathepsin D preproprotein 
               
               
                 CTSS 
                 NM_004079 
                 cathepsin S preproprotein 
               
               
                 CTTN 
                 NM_005231 
                 cortactin isoform a 
               
               
                 CTXN1 
                 NM_206833 
                 cortexin 1 
               
               
                 CUBN 
                 NM_001081 
                 cubilin 
               
               
                 CUGBP2 
                 NM_001025076 
                 CUG triplet repeat, RNA binding protein 2 
               
               
                 CUL3 
                 NM_003590 
                 cullin 3 
               
               
                 CUL5 
                 NM_003478 
                 Vasopressin-activated calcium-mobilizing 
               
               
                 CWF19L1 
                 NM_018294 
                 CWF19-like 1, cell cycle control 
               
               
                 CX3CL1 
                 NM_002996 
                 chemokine (C—X3—C motif) ligand 1 
               
               
                 CXCL12 
                 NM_000609 
                 chemokine (C—X—C motif) ligand 12 (stromal 
               
               
                 CXCL14 
                 NM_004887 
                 small inducible cytokine B14 precursor 
               
               
                 CXCL9 
                 NM_002416 
                 small inducible cytokine B9 precursor 
               
               
                 CXorf21 
                 NM_025159 
                 hypothetical protein LOC80231 
               
               
                 CXorf23 
                 NM_198279 
                 hypothetical protein LOC256643 
               
               
                 CXorf34 
                 NM_024917 
                 hypothetical protein LOC79979 
               
               
                 CXorf38 
                 NM_144970 
                 hypothetical protein LOC159013 
               
               
                 CXorf53 
                 NM_001018055 
                 BRCA1/BRCA2-containing complex subunit 36 
               
               
                 CXXC5 
                 NM_016463 
                 CXXC finger 5 
               
               
                 CXXC6 
                 NM_030625 
                 CXXC finger 6 
               
               
                 CYB561D1 
                 NM_182580 
                 cytochrome b-561 domain containing 1 
               
               
                 CYB5B 
                 NM_030579 
                 cytochrome b5 outer mitochondrial membrane 
               
               
                 CYB5D1 
                 NM_144607 
                 hypothetical protein LOC124637 
               
               
                 CYBRD1 
                 NM_024843 
                 cytochrome b reductase 1 
               
               
                 CYCS 
                 NM_018947 
                 cytochrome c 
               
               
                 CYFIP2 
                 NM_014376 
                 cytoplasmic FMR1 interacting protein 2 
               
               
                 CYLC2 
                 NM_001340 
                 cylicin 2 
               
               
                 CYLD 
                 NM_015247 
                 ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase CYLD 
               
               
                 CYLN2 
                 NM_003388 
                 cytoplasmic linker 2 isoform 1 
               
               
                 CYP11B1 
                 NM_000497 
                 cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, 
               
               
                 CYP11B2 
                 NM_000498 
                 cytochrome P450, subfamily XIB polypeptide 2 
               
               
                 CYP1A2 
                 NM_000761 
                 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, 
               
               
                 CYP26B1 
                 NM_019885 
                 cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily b, 
               
               
                 CYP2B6 
                 NM_000767 
                 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, 
               
               
                 CYP2C9 
                 NM_000771 
                 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, 
               
               
                 CYP8B1 
                 NM_004391 
                 cytochrome P450, family 8, subfamily B, 
               
               
                 D2HGDH 
                 NM_152783 
                 D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase 
               
               
                 DAB2 
                 NM_001343 
                 disabled homolog 2 
               
               
                 DAPK1 
                 NM_004938 
                 death-associated protein kinase 1 
               
               
                 DAPK2 
                 NM_014326 
                 death-associated protein kinase 2 
               
               
                 DBF4 
                 NM_006716 
                 activator of S phase kinase 
               
               
                 DBT 
                 NM_001918 
                 dihydrolipoamide branched chain transacylase 
               
               
                 DCAKD 
                 NM_024819 
                 dephospho-CoA kinase domain containing 
               
               
                 DCAMKL1 
                 NM_004734 
                 doublecortin and CaM kinase-like 1 
               
               
                 DCLRE1C 
                 NM_001033855 
                 artemis protein isoform a 
               
               
                 DCST2 
                 NM_144622 
                 hypothetical protein LOC127579 
               
               
                 DCTD 
                 NM_001012732 
                 dCMP deaminase isoform a 
               
               
                 DCTN4 
                 NM_016221 
                 dynactin 4 (p62) 
               
               
                 DCTN5 
                 NM_032486 
                 dynactin 4 
               
               
                 DCX 
                 NM_000555 
                 doublecortin isoform a 
               
               
                 DDAH1 
                 NM_012137 
                 dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 
               
               
                 DDEFL1 
                 NM_017707 
                 development and differentiation enhancing 
               
               
                 DDI1 
                 NM_001001711 
                 hypothetical protein LOC414301 
               
               
                 DDI2 
                 NM_032341 
                 DNA-damage inducible protein 2 
               
               
                 DDIT4L 
                 NM_145244 
                 DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4-like 
               
               
                 DDR1 
                 NM_001954 
                 discoidin domain receptor family, member 1 
               
               
                 DDX11 
                 NM_004399 
                 DEAD/H (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His) box polypeptide 11 
               
               
                 DDX17 
                 NM_006386 
                 DEAD box polypeptide 17 isoform p82 
               
               
                 DDX23 
                 NM_004818 
                 DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 23 
               
               
                 DEDD2 
                 NM_133328 
                 death effector domain-containing DNA binding 
               
               
                 DEFA3 
                 NM_005217 
                 defensin, alpha 3 preproprotein 
               
               
                 DEFA6 
                 NM_001926 
                 defensin, alpha 6 preproprotein 
               
               
                 DEGS1 
                 NM_003676 
                 degenerative spermatocyte homolog 1, lipid 
               
               
                 DENND1C 
                 NM_024898 
                 hypothetical protein LOC79958 
               
               
                 DENND2C 
                 NM_198459 
                 DENN/MADD domain containing 2C 
               
               
                 DERA 
                 NM_015954 
                 2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase homolog 
               
               
                 DERL3 
                 NM_001002862 
                 derlin-3 protein isoform b 
               
               
                 DFFA 
                 NM_213566 
                 DNA fragmentation factor, 45 kDa, alpha 
               
               
                 DFFB 
                 NM_001004285 
                 DNA fragmentation factor, 40 kD, beta 
               
               
                 DGKB 
                 NM_004080 
                 diacylglycerol kinase, beta isoform 1 
               
               
                 DGKQ 
                 NM_001347 
                 diacylglycerol kinase, theta 
               
               
                 DHCR24 
                 NM_014762 
                 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase precursor 
               
               
                 DHDDS 
                 NM_024887 
                 dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase isoform a 
               
               
                 DHFR 
                 NM_000791 
                 dihydrofolate reductase 
               
               
                 DHRS7B 
                 NM_015510 
                 hypothetical protein LOC25979 
               
               
                 DHRS9 
                 NM_005771 
                 NADP-dependent retinol dehydrogenase/reductase 
               
               
                 DHTKD1 
                 NM_018706 
                 dehydrogenase E1 and transketolase domain 
               
               
                 DHX30 
                 NM_138614 
                 DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box polypeptide 30 
               
               
                 DHX37 
                 NM_032656 
                 DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box polypeptide 37 
               
               
                 DIAPH1 
                 NM_005219 
                 diaphanous 1 
               
               
                 DIDO1 
                 NM_033081 
                 death inducer-obliterator 1 isoform c 
               
               
                 DIP13B 
                 NM_018171 
                 DIP13 beta 
               
               
                 DIP2B 
                 NM_173602 
                 hypothetical protein LOC57609 
               
               
                 DIP2C 
                 NM_014974 
                 hypothetical protein LOC22982 
               
               
                 DIRAS1 
                 NM_145173 
                 small GTP-binding tumor suppressor 1 
               
               
                 DIRAS2 
                 NM_017594 
                 Di-Ras2 
               
               
                 DIRC1 
                 NM_052952 
                 hypothetical protein LOC116093 
               
               
                 DISC1 
                 NM_001012957 
                 disrupted in schizophrenia 1 isoform Lv 
               
               
                 DIXDC1 
                 NM_033425 
                 DIX domain containing 1 isoform b 
               
               
                 DJ122O8.2 
                 NM_020466 
                 hypothetical protein LOC57226 
               
               
                 DKFZP434B0335 
                 NM_015395 
                 hypothetical protein LOC25851 
               
               
                 DKFZp434I1020 
                 NM_194295 
                 hypothetical protein LOC196968 
               
               
                 DKFZp547H025 
                 NM_020161 
                 hypothetical protein LOC56918 
               
               
                 DKFZp564K142 
                 NM_032121 
                 implantation-associated protein 
               
               
                 DKFZp686K16132 
                 NM_001012987 
                 hypothetical protein LOC388957 
               
               
                 DKFZp686O24166 
                 NM_001009913 
                 hypothetical protein LOC374383 
               
               
                 DKFZp761B107 
                 NM_173463 
                 hypothetical protein LOC91050 
               
               
                 DKFZp761E198 
                 NM_138368 
                 hypothetical protein LOC91056 
               
               
                 DKFZp779B1540 
                 NM_001010903 
                 hypothetical protein LOC389384 
               
               
                 DLC1 
                 NM_006094 
                 deleted in liver cancer 1 isoform 2 
               
               
                 DLEC1 
                 NM_007335 
                 deleted in lung and esophageal cancer 1 isoform 
               
               
                 DLG3 
                 NM_021120 
                 synapse-associated protein 102 
               
               
                 DLGAP2 
                 NM_004745 
                 discs large-associated protein 2 
               
               
                 DLX1 
                 NM_178120 
                 distal-less homeobox 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 DMBX1 
                 NM_147192 
                 diencephalon/mesencephalon homeobox 1 isoform b 
               
               
                 DMTF1 
                 NM_021145 
                 cyclin D binding myb-like transcription factor 
               
               
                 DNAH11 
                 NM_003777 
                 dynein, axonemal, heavy polypeptide 11 
               
               
                 DNAJA4 
                 NM_018602 
                 DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily A, member 4 
               
               
                 DNAJC11 
                 NM_018198 
                 DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 11 
               
               
                 DNAJC14 
                 NM_032364 
                 dopamine receptor interacting protein 
               
               
                 DNAJC18 
                 NM_152686 
                 DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 18 
               
               
                 DNAL4 
                 NM_005740 
                 dynein light chain 4, axonemal 
               
               
                 DNASE1L1 
                 NM_001009932 
                 deoxyribonuclease I-like 1 precursor 
               
               
                 DNASE2 
                 NM_001375 
                 deoxyribonuclease II, lysosomal precursor 
               
               
                 DNMT3A 
                 NM_022552 
                 DNA cytosine methyltransferase 3 alpha isoform 
               
               
                 DOC2B 
                 NM_003585 
                 double C2-like domains, beta 
               
               
                 DOCK1 
                 NM_001380 
                 dedicator of cytokinesis 1 
               
               
                 DOCK2 
                 NM_004946 
                 dedicator of cytokinesis 2 
               
               
                 DOCK3 
                 NM_004947 
                 dedicator of cytokinesis 3 
               
               
                 DOCK9 
                 NM_015296 
                 dedicator of cytokinesis 9 
               
               
                 DPCR1 
                 NM_080870 
                 diffuse panbronchiolitis critical region 1 
               
               
                 DPF3 
                 NM_012074 
                 D4, zinc and double PHD fingers, family 3 
               
               
                 DPY19L2 
                 NM_173812 
                 hypothetical protein LOC283417 
               
               
                 DPYSL3 
                 NM_001387 
                 dihydropyrimidinase-like 3 
               
               
                 DQX1 
                 NM_133637 
                 DEAQ box polypeptide 1 (RNA-dependent ATPase) 
               
               
                 DSCAM 
                 NM_206887 
                 Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule isoform 
               
               
                 DTNA 
                 NM_001390 
                 dystrobrevin alpha isoform 1 
               
               
                 DTNB 
                 NM_021907 
                 dystrobrevin, beta isoform 1 
               
               
                 DTWD2 
                 NM_173666 
                 DTW domain containing 2 
               
               
                 DTX1 
                 NM_004416 
                 deltex homolog 1 
               
               
                 DTX3L 
                 NM_138287 
                 deltex 3-like 
               
               
                 DUSP13 
                 NM_001007271 
                 muscle-restricted dual specificity phosphatase 
               
               
                 DUSP4 
                 NM_001394 
                 dual specificity phosphatase 4 isoform 1 
               
               
                 DUT 
                 NM_001025248 
                 dUTP pyrophosphatase isoform 1 precursor 
               
               
                 DUX1 
                 NM_012146 
                 double homeobox, 1 
               
               
                 DUXA 
                 NM_001012729 
                 hypothetical protein LOC503835 
               
               
                 DVL3 
                 NM_004423 
                 dishevelled 3 
               
               
                 DYNC2LI1 
                 NM_016008 
                 dynein 2 light intermediate chain isoform 1 
               
               
                 DYRK1B 
                 NM_004714 
                 dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation 
               
               
                 DZIP1 
                 NM_014934 
                 DAZ interacting protein 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 E2F2 
                 NM_004091 
                 E2F transcription factor 2 
               
               
                 E2F3 
                 NM_001949 
                 E2F transcription factor 3 
               
               
                 EAF1 
                 NM_033083 
                 ELL associated factor 1 
               
               
                 EARS2 
                 NM_133451 
                 hypothetical protein LOC124454 
               
               
                 EBI3 
                 NM_005755 
                 Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 3 precursor 
               
               
                 ECM2 
                 NM_001393 
                 extracellular matrix protein 2 precursor 
               
               
                 ECOP 
                 NM_030796 
                 EGFR-coamplified and overexpressed protein 
               
               
                 EDA2R 
                 NM_021783 
                 X-linked ectodysplasin receptor 
               
               
                 EDARADD 
                 NM_080738 
                 EDAR-associated death domain isoform B 
               
               
                 EDEM1 
                 NM_014674 
                 ER degradation enhancer, mannosidase alpha-like 
               
               
                 EDG4 
                 NM_004720 
                 endothelial differentiation, lysophosphatidic 
               
               
                 EDN3 
                 NM_000114 
                 endothelin 3 isoform 1 preproprotein 
               
               
                 EEF2K 
                 NM_013302 
                 elongation factor-2 kinase 
               
               
                 EFCAB5 
                 NM_001033562 
                 EF-hand calcium binding domain 5 isoform 2 
               
               
                 EFEMP1 
                 NM_004105 
                 EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix 
               
               
                 EFNA1 
                 NM_004428 
                 ephrin A1 isoform a precursor 
               
               
                 EFNA3 
                 NM_004952 
                 ephrin A3 
               
               
                 EFNB3 
                 NM_001406 
                 ephrin-B3 precursor 
               
               
                 EFS 
                 NM_005864 
                 embryonal Fyn-associated substrate isoform 1 
               
               
                 EGFR 
                 NM_201284 
                 epidermal growth factor receptor isoform d 
               
               
                 EGLN1 
                 NM_022051 
                 egl nine homolog 1 
               
               
                 EGR1 
                 NM_001964 
                 early growth response 1 
               
               
                 EHD2 
                 NM_014601 
                 EH-domain containing 2 
               
               
                 EIF2AK2 
                 NM_002759 
                 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha 
               
               
                 EIF2AK3 
                 NM_004836 
                 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha 
               
               
                 EIF2AK4 
                 NM_001013703 
                 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha 
               
               
                 EIF2C1 
                 NM_012199 
                 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C, 1 
               
               
                 EIF4EBP2 
                 NM_004096 
                 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E 
               
               
                 EIF4ENIF1 
                 NM_019843 
                 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E 
               
               
                 EIF5 
                 NM_001969 
                 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 
               
               
                 ELAC1 
                 NM_018696 
                 elaC homolog 1 
               
               
                 ELF4 
                 NM_001421 
                 E74-like factor 4 (ets domain transcription 
               
               
                 ELF5 
                 NM_001422 
                 E74-like factor 5 ESE-2b 
               
               
                 ELK1 
                 NM_005229 
                 ELK1 protein 
               
               
                 ELK4 
                 NM_021795 
                 ELK4 protein isoform b 
               
               
                 ELMO1 
                 NM_014800 
                 engulfment and cell motility 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 ELMO2 
                 NM_133171 
                 engulfment and cell motility 2 
               
               
                 ELMOD1 
                 NM_018712 
                 ELMO domain containing 1 
               
               
                 ELOF1 
                 NM_032377 
                 elongation factor 1 homolog (ELF1, S. 
               
               
                 ELOVL5 
                 NM_021814 
                 homolog of yeast long chain polyunsaturated 
               
               
                 ELOVL6 
                 NM_024090 
                 ELOVL family member 6, elongation of long chain 
               
               
                 EME1 
                 NM_152463 
                 essential meiotic endonuclease 1 homolog 1 
               
               
                 EMID1 
                 NM_133455 
                 EMI domain containing 1 
               
               
                 EMP1 
                 NM_001423 
                 epithelial membrane protein 1 
               
               
                 EMR2 
                 NM_013447 
                 egf-like module containing, mucin-like, hormone 
               
               
                 ENAH 
                 NM_001008493 
                 enabled homolog isoform a 
               
               
                 ENAM 
                 NM_031889 
                 enamelin 
               
               
                 ENO1 
                 NM_001428 
                 enolase 1 
               
               
                 ENPP1 
                 NM_006208 
                 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 
               
               
                 ENPP5 
                 NM_021572 
                 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 
               
               
                 ENPP6 
                 NM_153343 
                 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 
               
               
                 ENSA 
                 NM_207043 
                 endosulfine alpha isoform 2 
               
               
                 ENTPD3 
                 NM_001248 
                 ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 
               
               
                 EP400 
                 NM_015409 
                 E1A binding protein p400 
               
               
                 EPB41 
                 NM_004437 
                 erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 
               
               
                 EPB41L5 
                 NM_020909 
                 erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 5 
               
               
                 EPHA2 
                 NM_004431 
                 ephrin receptor EphA2 
               
               
                 EPHA3 
                 NM_005233 
                 ephrin receptor EphA3 isoform a precursor 
               
               
                 EPHB4 
                 NM_004444 
                 ephrin receptor EphB4 precursor 
               
               
                 EPM2AIP1 
                 NM_014805 
                 EPM2A interacting protein 1 
               
               
                 EPO 
                 NM_000799 
                 erythropoietin precursor 
               
               
                 ERBB3 
                 NM_001982 
                 erbB-3 isoform 1 precursor 
               
               
                 ERGIC1 
                 NM_020462 
                 endoplasmic reticulum-golgi intermediate 
               
               
                 ESAM 
                 NM_138961 
                 endothelial cell adhesion molecule 
               
               
                 ESRRG 
                 NM_001438 
                 estrogen-related receptor gamma isoform 1 
               
               
                 ET 
                 NM_024311 
                 hypothetical protein LOC79157 
               
               
                 ETV1 
                 NM_004956 
                 ets variant gene 1 
               
               
                 ETV3 
                 NM_005240 
                 ets variant gene 3 
               
               
                 ETV6 
                 NM_001987 
                 ets variant gene 6 
               
               
                 EVC 
                 NM_153717 
                 Ellis van Creveld syndrome protein 
               
               
                 EXOC2 
                 NM_018303 
                 Sec5 protein 
               
               
                 EXOC4 
                 NM_021807 
                 SEC8 protein isoform a 
               
               
                 EXTL3 
                 NM_001440 
                 Reg receptor 
               
               
                 EYA2 
                 NM_005244 
                 eyes absent 2 isoform a 
               
               
                 EZH1 
                 NM_001991 
                 enhancer of zeste homolog 1 
               
               
                 F11R 
                 NM_016946 
                 F11 receptor isoform a precursor 
               
               
                 F13A1 
                 NM_000129 
                 coagulation factor XIII A1 subunit precursor 
               
               
                 F2R 
                 NM_001992 
                 coagulation factor II receptor precursor 
               
               
                 F2RL1 
                 NM_005242 
                 coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 1 
               
               
                 F2RL3 
                 NM_003950 
                 coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 3 
               
               
                 FADS2 
                 NM_004265 
                 fatty acid desaturase 2 
               
               
                 FADS6 
                 NM_178128 
                 fatty acid desaturase domain family, member 6 
               
               
                 FAIM2 
                 NM_012306 
                 Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule 2 
               
               
                 FAM100B 
                 NM_182565 
                 hypothetical protein LOC283991 
               
               
                 FAM102A 
                 NM_203305 
                 early estrogen-induced gene 1 protein isoform b 
               
               
                 FAM102B 
                 NM_001010883 
                 hypothetical protein LOC284611 
               
               
                 FAM104A 
                 NM_032837 
                 hypothetical protein LOC84923 
               
               
                 FAM106A 
                 NM_024974 
                 hypothetical protein LOC80039 
               
               
                 FAM107A 
                 NM_007177 
                 downregulated in renal cell carcinoma 
               
               
                 FAM107B 
                 NM_031453 
                 hypothetical protein LOC83641 
               
               
                 FAM111A 
                 NM_022074 
                 hypothetical protein LOC63901 
               
               
                 FAM117A 
                 NM_030802 
                 C/EBP-induced protein 
               
               
                 FAM11A 
                 NM_032508 
                 family with sequence similarity 11, member A 
               
               
                 FAM19A1 
                 NM_213609 
                 family with sequence similarity 19 (chemokine 
               
               
                 FAM20B 
                 NM_014864 
                 family with sequence similarity 20, member B 
               
               
                 FAM36A 
                 NM_198076 
                 family with sequence similarity 36, member A 
               
               
                 FAM3B 
                 NM_058186 
                 family with sequence similarity 3, member B 
               
               
                 FAM40A 
                 NM_033088 
                 hypothetical protein LOC85369 
               
               
                 FAM43A 
                 NM_153690 
                 hypothetical protein LOC131583 
               
               
                 FAM53B 
                 NM_014661 
                 hypothetical protein LOC9679 
               
               
                 FAM55C 
                 NM_145037 
                 hypothetical protein LOC91775 
               
               
                 FAM5B 
                 NM_021165 
                 BMP/retinoic acid-inducible neural-specific 
               
               
                 FAM60A 
                 NM_021238 
                 family with sequence similarity 60, member A 
               
               
                 FAM62C 
                 NM_031913 
                 family with sequence similarity 62 (C2 domain 
               
               
                 FAM71C 
                 NM_153364 
                 hypothetical protein LOC196472 
               
               
                 FAM81A 
                 NM_152450 
                 hypothetical protein LOC145773 
               
               
                 FAM83E 
                 NM_017708 
                 hypothetical protein LOC54854 
               
               
                 FAM83F 
                 NM_138435 
                 hypothetical protein LOC113828 
               
               
                 FAM83H 
                 NM_198488 
                 hypothetical protein LOC286077 
               
               
                 FAM89B 
                 NM_152832 
                 Mouse Mammary Turmor Virus Receptor homolog 1 
               
               
                 FAM98B 
                 NM_173611 
                 hypothetical protein LOC283742 
               
               
                 FANCC 
                 NM_000136 
                 Fanconi anemia, complementation group C 
               
               
                 FANCD2 
                 NM_033084 
                 Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 isoform 
               
               
                 FATE1 
                 NM_033085 
                 fetal and adult testis expressed transcript 
               
               
                 FBS1 
                 NM_022452 
                 fibrosin 1 
               
               
                 FBXL11 
                 NM_012308 
                 F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 11 
               
               
                 FBXO16 
                 NM_172366 
                 F-box only protein 16 
               
               
                 FBXO21 
                 NM_015002 
                 F-box only protein 21 isoform 2 
               
               
                 FBXO27 
                 NM_178820 
                 F-box protein 27 
               
               
                 FBXO31 
                 NM_024735 
                 F-box protein 31 
               
               
                 FBXO34 
                 NM_017943 
                 F-box only protein 34 
               
               
                 FBXO44 
                 NM_001014765 
                 F-box protein 44 isoform 1 
               
               
                 FBXO9 
                 NM_012347 
                 F-box only protein 9 isoform 1 
               
               
                 FBXW11 
                 NM_012300 
                 F-box and WD-40 domain protein 1B isoform C 
               
               
                 FBXW8 
                 NM_012174 
                 F-box and WD-40 domain protein 8 isoform 2 
               
               
                 FCER2 
                 NM_002002 
                 Fc fragment of IgE, low affinity II, receptor 
               
               
                 FCGR3A 
                 NM_000569 
                 Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIIa, receptor 
               
               
                 FCGR3B 
                 NM_000570 
                 low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region 
               
               
                 FCHSD1 
                 NM_033449 
                 FCH and double SH3 domains 1 
               
               
                 FCMD 
                 NM_006731 
                 fukutin 
               
               
                 FEM1C 
                 NM_020177 
                 feminization 1 homolog a 
               
               
                 FGA 
                 NM_021871 
                 fibrinogen, alpha polypeptide isoform alpha 
               
               
                 FGD6 
                 NM_018351 
                 FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 6 
               
               
                 FGF1 
                 NM_000800 
                 fibroblast growth factor 1 (acidic) isoform 1 
               
               
                 FGF19 
                 NM_005117 
                 fibroblast growth factor 19 precursor 
               
               
                 FGFR1 
                 NM_023107 
                 fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 isoform 5 
               
               
                 FHIT 
                 NM_002012 
                 fragile histidine triad gene 
               
               
                 FIS 
                 NM_175616 
                 hypothetical protein LOC202299 
               
               
                 FKBP10 
                 NM_021939 
                 FK506 binding protein 10, 65 kDa 
               
               
                 FKBP1A 
                 NM_000801 
                 FK506-binding protein 1A 
               
               
                 FKBP5 
                 NM_004117 
                 FK506 binding protein 5 
               
               
                 FKBP9 
                 NM_007270 
                 FK506 binding protein 9 
               
               
                 FKBP9L 
                 NM_182827 
                 FK506 binding protein 9-like 
               
               
                 FKRP 
                 NM_024301 
                 fukutin-related protein 
               
               
                 FKSG44 
                 NM_031904 
                 FKSG44 protein 
               
               
                 FLJ10159 
                 NM_018013 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55084 
               
               
                 FLJ10324 
                 NM_018059 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55698 
               
               
                 FLJ10357 
                 NM_018071 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55701 
               
               
                 FLJ10490 
                 NM_018111 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55150 
               
               
                 FLJ10803 
                 NM_018224 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55744 
               
               
                 FLJ10815 
                 NM_018231 
                 amino acid transporter 
               
               
                 FLJ11021 
                 NM_023012 
                 hypothetical protein LOC65117 isoform a 
               
               
                 FLJ11151 
                 NM_018340 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55313 
               
               
                 FLJ11171 
                 NM_018348 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55783 
               
               
                 FLJ11259 
                 NM_018370 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55332 
               
               
                 FLJ11292 
                 NM_018382 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55338 
               
               
                 FLJ11806 
                 NM_024824 
                 nuclear protein UKp68 isoform 1 
               
               
                 FLJ12505 
                 NM_024749 
                 hypothetical protein LOC79805 
               
               
                 FLJ12681 
                 NM_022773 
                 hypothetical protein LOC64788 
               
               
                 FLJ12700 
                 NM_024910 
                 hypothetical protein LOC79970 
               
               
                 FLJ12949 
                 NM_023008 
                 hypothetical protein LOC65095 isoform 1 
               
               
                 FLJ13197 
                 NM_024614 
                 hypothetical protein LOC79667 
               
               
                 FLJ14001 
                 NM_024677 
                 hypothetical protein LOC79730 
               
               
                 FLJ14213 
                 NM_024841 
                 hypothetical protein LOC79899 
               
               
                 FLJ14397 
                 NM_032779 
                 hypothetical protein LOC84865 
               
               
                 FLJ14816 
                 NM_032845 
                 hypothetical protein LOC84931 
               
               
                 FLJ14834 
                 NM_032849 
                 hypothetical protein LOC84935 
               
               
                 FLJ20032 
                 NM_017628 
                 hypothetical protein LOC54790 
               
               
                 FLJ20035 
                 NM_017631 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55601 
               
               
                 FLJ20160 
                 NM_017694 
                 hypothetical protein LOC54842 
               
               
                 FLJ20186 
                 NM_207514 
                 differentially expressed in FDCP 8 isoform 1 
               
               
                 FLJ20297 
                 NM_017751 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55627 isoform 1 
               
               
                 FLJ20581 
                 NM_017888 
                 hypothetical protein LOC54988 
               
               
                 FLJ20582 
                 NM_014106 
                 hypothetical protein LOC54989 
               
               
                 FLJ20628 
                 NM_017910 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55006 
               
               
                 FLJ20701 
                 NM_017933 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55022 
               
               
                 FLJ20758 
                 NM_017952 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55037 
               
               
                 FLJ20972 
                 NM_025030 
                 hypothetical protein LOC80098 
               
               
                 FLJ21865 
                 NM_022759 
                 endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase 
               
               
                 FLJ21963 
                 NM_024560 
                 hypothetical protein LOC79611 
               
               
                 FLJ22795 
                 NM_025084 
                 hypothetical protein LOC80154 
               
               
                 FLJ23322 
                 NM_024955 
                 hypothetical protein LOC80020 
               
               
                 FLJ23834 
                 NM_152750 
                 hypothetical protein LOC222256 
               
               
                 FLJ25996 
                 NM_001001699 
                 hypothetical protein LOC401109 
               
               
                 FLJ26175 
                 NM_001001668 
                 hypothetical protein LOC388566 
               
               
                 FLJ27365 
                 NM_207477 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400931 
               
               
                 FLJ31222 
                 NM_207388 
                 hypothetical protein LOC388387 
               
               
                 FLJ31568 
                 NM_152509 
                 hypothetical protein LOC150244 
               
               
                 FLJ31875 
                 NM_182531 
                 hypothetical protein LOC197320 
               
               
                 FLJ32011 
                 NM_182516 
                 hypothetical protein LOC148930 
               
               
                 FLJ32130 
                 NM_152458 
                 hypothetical protein LOC146540 
               
               
                 FLJ32312 
                 NM_144709 
                 hypothetical protein LOC150962 
               
               
                 FLJ32447 
                 NM_153038 
                 hypothetical protein LOC151278 
               
               
                 FLJ32569 
                 NM_152491 
                 hypothetical protein LOC148811 
               
               
                 FLJ32894 
                 NM_144667 
                 hypothetical protein LOC144360 
               
               
                 FLJ32926 
                 NM_144577 
                 hypothetical protein LOC93233 
               
               
                 FLJ32955 
                 NM_153041 
                 hypothetical protein LOC150596 
               
               
                 FLJ33387 
                 NM_182526 
                 hypothetical protein LOC161145 
               
               
                 FLJ33860 
                 NM_173644 
                 hypothetical protein LOC284756 
               
               
                 FLJ34931 
                 NM_001029883 
                 hypothetical protein LOC388939 
               
               
                 FLJ35409 
                 NM_001001688 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400765 
               
               
                 FLJ35429 
                 NM_001003807 
                 hypothetical protein LOC285830 
               
               
                 FLJ35740 
                 NM_147195 
                 FLJ35740 protein 
               
               
                 FLJ35773 
                 NM_152599 
                 hypothetical protein LOC162387 
               
               
                 FLJ35880 
                 NM_153264 
                 hypothetical protein LOC256076 
               
               
                 FLJ36268 
                 NM_207511 
                 hypothetical protein LOC401563 
               
               
                 FLJ36492 
                 NM_182568 
                 hypothetical protein LOC284047 
               
               
                 FLJ36874 
                 NM_152716 
                 hypothetical protein LOC219988 
               
               
                 FLJ37927 
                 NM_152623 
                 hypothetical protein LOC166979 
               
               
                 FLJ38288 
                 NM_173632 
                 hypothetical protein LOC284309 
               
               
                 FLJ38663 
                 NM_152269 
                 hypothetical protein LOC91574 
               
               
                 FLJ38973 
                 NM_153689 
                 hypothetical protein LOC205327 
               
               
                 FLJ38991 
                 NM_001033760 
                 mitochondrial COX18 isoform 5 
               
               
                 FLJ39370 
                 NM_152400 
                 hypothetical protein LOC132720 
               
               
                 FLJ39531 
                 NM_207445 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400360 
               
               
                 FLJ39743 
                 NM_182562 
                 hypothetical protein LOC283777 
               
               
                 FLJ40142 
                 NM_207435 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400073 
               
               
                 FLJ40852 
                 NM_173677 
                 hypothetical protein LOC285962 
               
               
                 FLJ41423 
                 NM_001001679 
                 hypothetical protein LOC399886 
               
               
                 FLJ41733 
                 NM_207473 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400870 
               
               
                 FLJ41841 
                 NM_207499 
                 hypothetical protein LOC401263 
               
               
                 FLJ41993 
                 NM_001001694 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400935 
               
               
                 FLJ42102 
                 NM_001001680 
                 hypothetical protein LOC399923 
               
               
                 FLJ42418 
                 NM_001001695 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400941 
               
               
                 FLJ42953 
                 NM_207474 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400892 
               
               
                 FLJ43339 
                 NM_207380 
                 hypothetical protein LOC388115 
               
               
                 FLJ43505 
                 NM_207468 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400823 
               
               
                 FLJ43582 
                 NM_207412 
                 hypothetical protein LOC389649 
               
               
                 FLJ43879 
                 NM_001001698 
                 hypothetical protein LOC401039 
               
               
                 FLJ43980 
                 NM_001004299 
                 hypothetical protein LOC124149 
               
               
                 FLJ44691 
                 NM_198506 
                 hypothetical protein LOC345193 
               
               
                 FLJ45079 
                 NM_001001685 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400624 
               
               
                 FLJ45121 
                 NM_207451 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400556 
               
               
                 FLJ45139 
                 NM_001001692 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400867 
               
               
                 FLJ45202 
                 NM_207507 
                 hypothetical protein LOC401508 
               
               
                 FLJ45422 
                 NM_001004349 
                 hypothetical protein LOC441140 
               
               
                 FLJ45645 
                 NM_198557 
                 hypothetical protein LOC375287 
               
               
                 FLJ45684 
                 NM_207462 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400666 
               
               
                 FLJ45831 
                 NM_001001684 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400576 
               
               
                 FLJ45850 
                 NM_207395 
                 hypothetical protein LOC388569 
               
               
                 FLJ45909 
                 NM_198445 
                 hypothetical protein LOC126432 
               
               
                 FLJ45910 
                 NM_207390 
                 hypothetical protein LOC388512 
               
               
                 FLJ45964 
                 NM_207483 
                 hypothetical protein LOC401040 
               
               
                 FLJ46010 
                 NM_001001703 
                 hypothetical protein LOC401191 
               
               
                 FLJ46026 
                 NM_207458 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400627 
               
               
                 FLJ46154 
                 NM_198462 
                 FLJ46154 protein 
               
               
                 FLJ46230 
                 NM_207463 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400679 
               
               
                 FLJ46257 
                 NM_001001693 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400932 
               
               
                 FLJ46266 
                 NM_207430 
                 hypothetical protein LOC399949 
               
               
                 FLJ46347 
                 NM_001005303 
                 hypothetical protein LOC389064 
               
               
                 FLJ46363 
                 NM_207434 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400002 
               
               
                 FLJ46365 
                 NM_207504 
                 hypothetical protein LOC401459 
               
               
                 FLJ46481 
                 NM_207405 
                 hypothetical protein LOC389197 
               
               
                 FLJ46688 
                 NM_001004330 
                 hypothetical protein LOC440107 
               
               
                 FLJ46831 
                 NM_207426 
                 forkhead box I2 
               
               
                 FLJ46838 
                 NM_001007546 
                 hypothetical protein LOC440865 
               
               
                 FLJ90757 
                 NM_001004336 
                 hypothetical protein LOC440465 
               
               
                 FLOT1 
                 NM_005803 
                 flotillin 1 
               
               
                 FLOT2 
                 NM_004475 
                 flotillin 2 
               
               
                 FLT1 
                 NM_002019 
                 fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (vascular 
               
               
                 FLT4 
                 NM_182925 
                 fms-related tyrosine kinase 4 isoform 1 
               
               
                 FLYWCH1 
                 NM_032296 
                 FLYWCH-type zinc finger 1 isoform a 
               
               
                 FMNL3 
                 NM_175736 
                 formin-like 3 isoform 1 
               
               
                 FMO4 
                 NM_002022 
                 flavin containing monooxygenase 4 
               
               
                 FMOD 
                 NM_002023 
                 fibromodulin precursor 
               
               
                 FN1 
                 NM_002026 
                 fibronectin 1 isoform 3 preproprotein 
               
               
                 FNDC1 
                 NM_032532 
                 fibronectin type III domain containing 1 
               
               
                 FNDC5 
                 NM_153756 
                 fibronectin type III domain containing 5 
               
               
                 FNDC8 
                 NM_017559 
                 hypothetical protein LOC54752 
               
               
                 FNTB 
                 NM_002028 
                 farnesyltransferase, CAAX box, beta 
               
               
                 FOSB 
                 NM_006732 
                 FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog 
               
               
                 FOSL2 
                 NM_005253 
                 FOS-like antigen 2 
               
               
                 FOXJ2 
                 NM_018416 
                 forkhead box J2 
               
               
                 FOXJ3 
                 NM_014947 
                 forkhead box J3 
               
               
                 FOXK2 
                 NM_181430 
                 forkhead box K2 isoform 2 
               
               
                 FOXO1A 
                 NM_002015 
                 forkhead box O1A 
               
               
                 FOXP1 
                 NM_032682 
                 forkhead box P1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 FRMD1 
                 NM_024919 
                 FERM domain containing 1 
               
               
                 FRMPD2 
                 NM_001017929 
                 FERM and PDZ domain containing 2 isoform 2 
               
               
                 FSCN1 
                 NM_003088 
                 fascin 1 
               
               
                 FSD1L 
                 NM_207647 
                 fibronectin type III and SPRY domain containing 
               
               
                 FST 
                 NM_006350 
                 follistatin isoform FST317 precursor 
               
               
                 FSTL4 
                 NM_015082 
                 follistatin-like 4 
               
               
                 FTSJ1 
                 NM_012280 
                 FtsJ homolog 1 isoform a 
               
               
                 FUNDC2 
                 NM_023934 
                 FUN14 domain containing 2 
               
               
                 FUSIP1 
                 NM_006625 
                 FUS interacting protein (serine-arginine rich) 1 
               
               
                 FUT2 
                 NM_000511 
                 fucosyltransferase 2 (secretor status included) 
               
               
                 FUT4 
                 NM_002033 
                 fucosyltransferase 4 
               
               
                 FUT6 
                 NM_000150 
                 fucosyltransferase 6 (alpha (1, 3) 
               
               
                 FXYD3 
                 NM_005971 
                 FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 3 
               
               
                 FYCO1 
                 NM_024513 
                 FYVE and coiled-coil domain containing 1 
               
               
                 FZD1 
                 NM_003505 
                 frizzled 1 
               
               
                 GAB2 
                 NM_012296 
                 GRB2-associated binding protein 2 isoform b 
               
               
                 GABARAPL1 
                 NM_031412 
                 GABA(A) receptor-associated protein like 1 
               
               
                 GABBR1 
                 NM_001470 
                 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B receptor 1 
               
               
                 GABRA4 
                 NM_000809 
                 gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor, alpha 4 
               
               
                 GABRB3 
                 NM_000814 
                 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, beta 
               
               
                 GABRE 
                 NM_004961 
                 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, 
               
               
                 GABRG1 
                 NM_173536 
                 gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor, gamma 1 
               
               
                 GABRG2 
                 NM_000816 
                 gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor, gamma 2 
               
               
                 GABRR2 
                 NM_002043 
                 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, rho 2 
               
               
                 GALC 
                 NM_000153 
                 galactosylceramidase isoform a precursor 
               
               
                 GALM 
                 NM_138801 
                 galactose mutarotase (aldose 1-epimerase) 
               
               
                 GALNT13 
                 NM_052917 
                 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide 
               
               
                 GALNT3 
                 NM_004482 
                 polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 
               
               
                 GALNT6 
                 NM_007210 
                 polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 6 
               
               
                 GALNTL2 
                 NM_054110 
                 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide 
               
               
                 GALT 
                 NM_000155 
                 galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase 
               
               
                 GAPVD1 
                 NM_015635 
                 GTPase activating protein and VPS9 domains 1 
               
               
                 GARNL1 
                 NM_014990 
                 GTPase activating Rap/RanGAP domain-like 1 
               
               
                 GARNL4 
                 NM_015085 
                 GTPase activating Rap/RanGAP domain-like 4 
               
               
                 GAS2L1 
                 NM_152237 
                 growth arrest-specific 2 like 1 isoform b 
               
               
                 GAS7 
                 NM_003644 
                 growth arrest-specific 7 isoform a 
               
               
                 GATA4 
                 NM_002052 
                 GATA binding protein 4 
               
               
                 GATAD1 
                 NM_021167 
                 GATA zinc finger domain containing 1 
               
               
                 GATM 
                 NM_001482 
                 glycine amidinotransferase (L-arginine:glycine 
               
               
                 GATS 
                 NM_178831 
                 opposite strand transcription unit to STAG3 
               
               
                 GCLM 
                 NM_002061 
                 glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory protein 
               
               
                 GCM1 
                 NM_003643 
                 glial cells missing homolog a 
               
               
                 GCNT1 
                 NM_001490 
                 beta-1,3-galactosyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein 
               
               
                 GCNT2 
                 NM_001491 
                 glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 2, 
               
               
                 Gcom1 
                 NM_001018097 
                 GRINL1A combined protein isoform 8 
               
               
                 GDAP2 
                 NM_017686 
                 ganglioside induced differentiation associated 
               
               
                 GDF10 
                 NM_004962 
                 growth differentiation factor 10 precursor 
               
               
                 GDF6 
                 NM_001001557 
                 growth differentiation factor 6 
               
               
                 GDPD4 
                 NM_182833 
                 glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain 
               
               
                 Gene_symbol 
                 hsa-miR-143 targets 
                 Gene_name 
               
               
                 GFOD1 
                 NM_018988 
                 glucose-fructose oxidoreductase domain 
               
               
                 GFOD2 
                 NM_030819 
                 hypothetical protein LOC81577 
               
               
                 GFPT1 
                 NM_002056 
                 glucosamine-fructose-6-phosphate 
               
               
                 GFPT2 
                 NM_005110 
                 glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2 
               
               
                 GGA2 
                 NM_015044 
                 ADP-ribosylation factor binding protein 2 
               
               
                 GGT6 
                 NM_153338 
                 gamma-glutamyltransferase 6 homolog 
               
               
                 GGTL3 
                 NM_178025 
                 gamma-glutamyltransferase-like 3 isoform b 
               
               
                 GHR 
                 NM_000163 
                 growth hormone receptor precursor 
               
               
                 GIF 
                 NM_005142 
                 gastric intrinsic factor (vitamin B synthesis) 
               
               
                 GIMAP6 
                 NM_001007224 
                 GTPase, IMAP family member 6 isoform 3 
               
               
                 GIT2 
                 NM_014776 
                 G protein-coupled receptor kinase-interactor 2 
               
               
                 GJC1 
                 NM_152219 
                 gap junction protein, chi 1, 31.9 kDa (connexin 
               
               
                 GLB1L 
                 NM_024506 
                 galactosidase, beta 1-like 
               
               
                 GLDC 
                 NM_000170 
                 glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating; glycine 
               
               
                 GLI3 
                 NM_000168 
                 GLI-Kruppel family member GLI3 
               
               
                 GLP1R 
                 NM_002062 
                 glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor 
               
               
                 GLT25D2 
                 NM_015101 
                 glycosyltransferase 25 domain containing 2 
               
               
                 GLYATL2 
                 NM_145016 
                 hypothetical protein LOC219970 
               
               
                 GMEB2 
                 NM_012384 
                 glucocorticoid modulatory element binding 
               
               
                 GMFB 
                 NM_004124 
                 glia maturation factor, beta 
               
               
                 GNA15 
                 NM_002068 
                 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), 
               
               
                 GNAI1 
                 NM_002069 
                 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), 
               
               
                 GNAL 
                 NM_002071 
                 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), 
               
               
                 GNAS 
                 NM_016592 
                 guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha 
               
               
                 GNB3 
                 NM_002075 
                 guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta-3 
               
               
                 GNB4 
                 NM_021629 
                 guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta-4 
               
               
                 GNB5 
                 NM_006578 
                 guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta-5 
               
               
                 GNG12 
                 NM_018841 
                 G-protein gamma-12 subunit 
               
               
                 GNG4 
                 NM_004485 
                 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), 
               
               
                 GNG7 
                 NM_052847 
                 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), 
               
               
                 GNL3 
                 NM_014366 
                 guanine nucleotide binding protein-like 3 
               
               
                 GNPNAT1 
                 NM_198066 
                 glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase 1 
               
               
                 GNS 
                 NM_002076 
                 glucosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase precursor 
               
               
                 GOLGA 
                 NM_018652 
                 golgin-like protein 
               
               
                 GOLGA1 
                 NM_002077 
                 golgin 97 
               
               
                 GOLGA4 
                 NM_002078 
                 golgi autoantigen, golgin subfamily a, 4 
               
               
                 GOLPH2 
                 NM_016548 
                 golgi phosphoprotein 2 
               
               
                 GORASP1 
                 NM_031899 
                 Golgi reassembly stacking protein 1 
               
               
                 GOSR1 
                 NM_001007024 
                 golgi SNAP receptor complex member 1 isoform 3 
               
               
                 GOT1 
                 NM_002079 
                 aspartate aminotransferase 1 
               
               
                 GOT2 
                 NM_002080 
                 aspartate aminotransferase 2 precursor 
               
               
                 GP5 
                 NM_004488 
                 glycoprotein V (platelet) 
               
               
                 GP6 
                 NM_016363 
                 glycoprotein VI (platelet) 
               
               
                 GPA33 
                 NM_005814 
                 transmembrane glycoprotein A33 precursor 
               
               
                 GPC1 
                 NM_002081 
                 glypican 1 precursor 
               
               
                 GPC2 
                 NM_152742 
                 glypican 2 
               
               
                 GPIAP1 
                 NM_005898 
                 membrane component chromosome 11 surface marker 
               
               
                 GPR109A 
                 NM_177551 
                 G protein-coupled receptor 109A 
               
               
                 GPR109B 
                 NM_006018 
                 G protein-coupled receptor 109B 
               
               
                 GPR135 
                 NM_022571 
                 G protein-coupled receptor 135 
               
               
                 GPR176 
                 NM_007223 
                 putative G protein coupled receptor 
               
               
                 GPR180 
                 NM_180989 
                 G protein-coupled receptor 180 precursor 
               
               
                 GPR26 
                 NM_153442 
                 G protein-coupled receptor 26 
               
               
                 GPR62 
                 NM_080865 
                 G protein-coupled receptor 62 
               
               
                 GPR83 
                 NM_016540 
                 G protein-coupled receptor 83 
               
               
                 GPRC5A 
                 NM_003979 
                 G protein-coupled receptor, family C, group 5, 
               
               
                 GPRC5B 
                 NM_016235 
                 G protein-coupled receptor, family C, group 5, 
               
               
                 GPSM3 
                 NM_022107 
                 G-protein signalling modulator 3 (AGS3-like, C. 
               
               
                 GPX3 
                 NM_002084 
                 plasma glutathione peroxidase 3 precursor 
               
               
                 GRAMD1A 
                 NM_020895 
                 hypothetical protein LOC57655 
               
               
                 GRAMD2 
                 NM_001012642 
                 hypothetical protein LOC196996 
               
               
                 GRHL2 
                 NM_024915 
                 transcription factor CP2-like 3 
               
               
                 GRIA2 
                 NM_000826 
                 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 2 
               
               
                 GRIN2B 
                 NM_000834 
                 N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B 
               
               
                 GRINL1A 
                 NM_001018103 
                 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl 
               
               
                 GRIPAP1 
                 NM_020137 
                 GRIP1 associated protein 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 GRK1 
                 NM_002929 
                 rhodopsin kinase 
               
               
                 GSDMDC1 
                 NM_024736 
                 gasdermin domain containing 1 
               
               
                 GSTA4 
                 NM_001512 
                 glutathione S-transferase A4 
               
               
                 GSTM4 
                 NM_147149 
                 glutathione S-transferase M4 isoform 3 
               
               
                 GTF2I 
                 NM_001518 
                 general transcription factor II, i isoform 4 
               
               
                 GTPBP1 
                 NM_004286 
                 GTP binding protein 1 
               
               
                 GTPBP3 
                 NM_032620 
                 GTP binding protein 3 (mitochondrial) isoform V 
               
               
                 GUSBL2 
                 NM_206910 
                 hypothetical protein LOC375513 isoform 2 
               
               
                 H2AFY2 
                 NM_018649 
                 core histone macroH2A2.2 
               
               
                 H2BFWT 
                 NM_001002916 
                 H2B histone family, member W, testis-specific 
               
               
                 H6PD 
                 NM_004285 
                 hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase precursor 
               
               
                 HABP2 
                 NM_004132 
                 hyaluronan binding protein 2 
               
               
                 HAGHL 
                 NM_207112 
                 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase-like isoform 1 
               
               
                 HAPLN4 
                 NM_023002 
                 brain link protein 2 
               
               
                 HAS3 
                 NM_005329 
                 hyaluronan synthase 3 isoform a 
               
               
                 HBS1L 
                 NM_006620 
                 HBS1-like 
               
               
                 hCAP-H2 
                 NM_152299 
                 kleisin beta isoform 2 
               
               
                 HCCS 
                 NM_005333 
                 holocytochrome c synthase (cytochrome c 
               
               
                 HCG9 
                 NM_005844 
                 hypothetical protein LOC10255 
               
               
                 HCP1 
                 NM_080669 
                 heme carrier protein 1 
               
               
                 HDAC4 
                 NM_006037 
                 histone deacetylase 4 
               
               
                 HDAC7A 
                 NM_015401 
                 histone deacetylase 7A isoform a 
               
               
                 HECA 
                 NM_016217 
                 headcase 
               
               
                 HECTD1 
                 NM_015382 
                 HECT domain containing 1 
               
               
                 HECW2 
                 NM_020760 
                 HECT, C2 and WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin 
               
               
                 HEMK1 
                 NM_016173 
                 HemK methyltransferase family member 1 
               
               
                 HES2 
                 NM_019089 
                 hairy and enhancer of split homolog 2 
               
               
                 HFE 
                 NM_000410 
                 hemochromatosis protein isoform 1 precursor 
               
               
                 HGF 
                 NM_001010934 
                 hepatocyte growth factor isoform 5 precursor 
               
               
                 HGS 
                 NM_004712 
                 hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine 
               
               
                 HHAT 
                 NM_018194 
                 hedgehog acyltransferase 
               
               
                 HHLA2 
                 NM_007072 
                 HERV-H LTR-associating 2 
               
               
                 HIATL1 
                 NM_032558 
                 hypothetical protein LOC84641 
               
               
                 HIG2 
                 NM_013332 
                 hypoxia-inducible protein 2 
               
               
                 HIGD2A 
                 NM_138820 
                 HIG1 domain family, member 2A 
               
               
                 HIP1 
                 NM_005338 
                 huntingtin interacting protein 1 
               
               
                 HIPK1 
                 NM_181358 
                 homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 1 isoform 
               
               
                 HIST1H4E 
                 NM_003545 
                 H4 histone family, member J 
               
               
                 HK2 
                 NM_000189 
                 hexokinase 2 
               
               
                 HKDC1 
                 NM_025130 
                 hexokinase domain containing 1 
               
               
                 HKR2 
                 NM_181846 
                 GLI-Kruppel family member HKR2 
               
               
                 HLA-A 
                 NM_002116 
                 major histocompatibility complex, class I, A 
               
               
                 HLA-B 
                 NM_005514 
                 major histocompatibility complex, class I, B 
               
               
                 HLA-C 
                 NM_002117 
                 major histocompatibility complex, class I, C 
               
               
                 HLA-DOA 
                 NM_002119 
                 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DO 
               
               
                 HLA-DPA1 
                 NM_033554 
                 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP 
               
               
                 HLA-DPB1 
                 NM_002121 
                 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP 
               
               
                 HLA-DQA2 
                 NM_020056 
                 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ 
               
               
                 HLA-DQB1 
                 NM_002123 
                 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ 
               
               
                 HLA-E 
                 NM_005516 
                 major histocompatibility complex, class I, E 
               
               
                 HLF 
                 NM_002126 
                 hepatic leukemia factor 
               
               
                 HMBS 
                 NM_000190 
                 hydroxymethylbilane synthase isoform 1 
               
               
                 HMG2L1 
                 NM_001003681 
                 high-mobility group protein 2-like 1 isoform b 
               
               
                 HMGA1 
                 NM_002131 
                 high mobility group AT-hook 1 isoform b 
               
               
                 HMGA2 
                 NM_001015886 
                 high mobility group AT-hook 2 isoform c 
               
               
                 HMGB1 
                 NM_002128 
                 high-mobility group box 1 
               
               
                 HMGCS2 
                 NM_005518 
                 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 2 
               
               
                 HMMR 
                 NM_012484 
                 hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor isoform a 
               
               
                 HN1 
                 NM_001002033 
                 hematological and neurological expressed 1 
               
               
                 HNF4A 
                 NM_000457 
                 hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha isoform b 
               
               
                 HNMT 
                 NM_001024074 
                 histamine N-methyltransferase isoform 2 
               
               
                 HNRPA0 
                 NM_006805 
                 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A0 
               
               
                 HOXA5 
                 NM_019102 
                 homeobox A5 
               
               
                 HOXB13 
                 NM_006361 
                 homeobox B13 
               
               
                 HOXB9 
                 NM_024017 
                 homeobox B9 
               
               
                 HOXC5 
                 NM_018953 
                 homeobox C5 
               
               
                 HPCAL4 
                 NM_016257 
                 hippocalcin-like protein 4 
               
               
                 HPS5 
                 NM_007216 
                 Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 5 isoform b 
               
               
                 HPSE 
                 NM_006665 
                 heparanase 
               
               
                 HR 
                 NM_005144 
                 hairless protein isoform a 
               
               
                 HRB 
                 NM_004504 
                 HIV-1 Rev binding protein 
               
               
                 HRH4 
                 NM_021624 
                 histamine H4 receptor 
               
               
                 HS2ST1 
                 NM_012262 
                 heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase 1 
               
               
                 HS3ST2 
                 NM_006043 
                 heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 
               
               
                 HSBP1 
                 NM_001537 
                 heat shock factor binding protein 1 
               
               
                 HSD17B1 
                 NM_000413 
                 hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 1 
               
               
                 HSDL2 
                 NM_032303 
                 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase like 2 
               
               
                 HSH2D 
                 NM_032855 
                 hematopoietic SH2 domain containing 
               
               
                 HSPB7 
                 NM_014424 
                 heat shock 27 kDa protein family, member 7 
               
               
                 HSPBP1 
                 NM_012267 
                 hsp70-interacting protein 
               
               
                 HSPC065 
                 NM_014157 
                 hypothetical protein LOC29070 
               
               
                 HTR2C 
                 NM_000868 
                 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C 
               
               
                 HTR3A 
                 NM_000869 
                 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 3A 
               
               
                 HTR3B 
                 NM_006028 
                 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 3B 
               
               
                 HTR4 
                 NM_000870 
                 serotonin 5-HT4 receptor isoform b 
               
               
                 HTR6 
                 NM_000871 
                 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 6 
               
               
                 HTR7 
                 NM_000872 
                 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 isoform a 
               
               
                 HUNK 
                 NM_014586 
                 hormonally upregulated Neu-associated kinase 
               
               
                 HYOU1 
                 NM_006389 
                 oxygen regulated protein precursor 
               
               
                 HYPK 
                 NM_016400 
                 Huntingtin interacting protein K 
               
               
                 IAPP 
                 NM_000415 
                 islet amyloid polypeptide precursor 
               
               
                 IBRDC1 
                 NM_152553 
                 IBR domain containing 1 
               
               
                 ICA1 
                 NM_022308 
                 islet cell autoantigen 1 isoform 3 
               
               
                 ID4 
                 NM_001546 
                 inhibitor of DNA binding 4, dominant negative 
               
               
                 IER3 
                 NM_003897 
                 immediate early response 3 isoform short 
               
               
                 IFIT3 
                 NM_001031683 
                 interferon-induced protein with 
               
               
                 IFIT5 
                 NM_012420 
                 interferon-induced protein with 
               
               
                 IFNA14 
                 NM_002172 
                 interferon, alpha 14 
               
               
                 IFNA16 
                 NM_002173 
                 interferon, alpha 16 
               
               
                 IFNA7 
                 NM_021057 
                 interferon, alpha 7 
               
               
                 IGF1 
                 NM_000618 
                 insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C) 
               
               
                 IGF2BP1 
                 NM_006546 
                 insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding 
               
               
                 IGF2R 
                 NM_000876 
                 insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor 
               
               
                 IGFBP3 
                 NM_000598 
                 insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 
               
               
                 IGFBP5 
                 NM_000599 
                 insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 
               
               
                 IGFL1 
                 NM_198541 
                 insulin growth factor-like family member 1 
               
               
                 IGSF4D 
                 NM_153184 
                 immunoglobulin superfamily, member 4D 
               
               
                 IHPK1 
                 NM_001006115 
                 inositol hexaphosphate kinase 1 isoform 2 
               
               
                 IHPK2 
                 NM_001005910 
                 inositol hexaphosphate kinase 2 isoform b 
               
               
                 IHPK3 
                 NM_054111 
                 inositol hexaphosphate kinase 3 
               
               
                 IL10RA 
                 NM_001558 
                 interleukin 10 receptor, alpha precursor 
               
               
                 IL10RB 
                 NM_000628 
                 interleukin 10 receptor, beta precursor 
               
               
                 IL11RA 
                 NM_147162 
                 interleukin 11 receptor, alpha isoform 2 
               
               
                 IL12RB1 
                 NM_153701 
                 interleukin 12 receptor, beta 1 isoform 2 
               
               
                 IL12RB2 
                 NM_001559 
                 interleukin 12 receptor, beta 2 precursor 
               
               
                 IL13RA1 
                 NM_001560 
                 interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 1 precursor 
               
               
                 IL16 
                 NM_004513 
                 interleukin 16 isoform 1 precursor 
               
               
                 IL17C 
                 NM_013278 
                 interleukin 17C 
               
               
                 IL17RD 
                 NM_017563 
                 interleukin 17 receptor D 
               
               
                 IL18 
                 NM_001562 
                 interleukin 18 proprotein 
               
               
                 IL1F5 
                 NM_012275 
                 interleukin 1 family, member 5 
               
               
                 IL1F9 
                 NM_019618 
                 interleukin 1 family, member 9 
               
               
                 IL1RAP 
                 NM_002182 
                 interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein isoform 
               
               
                 IL1RL1 
                 NM_003856 
                 interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 isoform 2 
               
               
                 IL1RN 
                 NM_000577 
                 interleukin 1 receptor antagonist isoform 3 
               
               
                 IL22RA2 
                 NM_052962 
                 interleukin 22-binding protein isoform 1 
               
               
                 IL27RA 
                 NM_004843 
                 class I cytokine receptor 
               
               
                 IL28RA 
                 NM_170743 
                 interleukin 28 receptor, alpha isoform 1 
               
               
                 IL2RA 
                 NM_000417 
                 interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain precursor 
               
               
                 IL3 
                 NM_000588 
                 interleukin 3 precursor 
               
               
                 IL6R 
                 NM_181359 
                 interleukin 6 receptor isoform 2 precursor 
               
               
                 IL8RA 
                 NM_000634 
                 interleukin 8 receptor alpha 
               
               
                 INCA1 
                 NM_213726 
                 inhibitor of CDK interacting with cyclin A1 
               
               
                 ING5 
                 NM_032329 
                 inhibitor of growth family, member 5 
               
               
                 INOC1 
                 NM_017553 
                 INO80 complex homolog 1 
               
               
                 INPP5E 
                 NM_019892 
                 inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase E 
               
               
                 INSL4 
                 NM_002195 
                 insulin-like 4 precursor 
               
               
                 INTS2 
                 NM_020748 
                 integrator complex subunit 2 
               
               
                 IQCC 
                 NM_018134 
                 IQ motif containing C 
               
               
                 IQCE 
                 NM_152558 
                 IQ motif containing E 
               
               
                 IRAK1 
                 NM_001025242 
                 interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 
               
               
                 IRF5 
                 NM_002200 
                 interferon regulatory factor 5 isoform a 
               
               
                 IRF8 
                 NM_002163 
                 interferon regulatory factor 8 
               
               
                 IRX6 
                 NM_024335 
                 iroquois homeobox protein 6 
               
               
                 ITGA11 
                 NM_001004439 
                 integrin, alpha 11 precursor 
               
               
                 ITGA3 
                 NM_002204 
                 integrin alpha 3 isoform a precursor 
               
               
                 ITGA5 
                 NM_002205 
                 integrin alpha 5 precursor 
               
               
                 ITGA6 
                 NM_000210 
                 integrin alpha chain, alpha 6 
               
               
                 ITGAM 
                 NM_000632 
                 integrin alpha M precursor 
               
               
                 ITGAV 
                 NM_002210 
                 integrin alpha-V precursor 
               
               
                 ITM2B 
                 NM_021999 
                 integral membrane protein 2B 
               
               
                 ITPR1 
                 NM_002222 
                 inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, type 1 
               
               
                 JAG1 
                 NM_000214 
                 jagged 1 precursor 
               
               
                 JAGN1 
                 NM_032492 
                 jagunal homolog 1 
               
               
                 JM11 
                 NM_033626 
                 hypothetical protein LOC90060 
               
               
                 JMJD2B 
                 NM_015015 
                 jumonji domain containing 2B 
               
               
                 JMJD2C 
                 NM_015061 
                 jumonji domain containing 2C 
               
               
                 JOSD1 
                 NM_014876 
                 Josephin domain containing 1 
               
               
                 JOSD3 
                 NM_024116 
                 Josephin domain containing 3 
               
               
                 JPH1 
                 NM_020647 
                 junctophilin 1 
               
               
                 JPH3 
                 NM_020655 
                 junctophilin 3 
               
               
                 JRK 
                 NM_003724 
                 jerky homolog 
               
               
                 K6IRS4 
                 NM_175053 
                 keratin 6 irs4 
               
               
                 KA36 
                 NM_182497 
                 type I hair keratin KA36 
               
               
                 KAL1 
                 NM_000216 
                 Kallmann syndrome 1 protein 
               
               
                 KATNAL1 
                 NM_001014380 
                 katanin p60 subunit A-like 1 
               
               
                 KBTBD3 
                 NM_152433 
                 BTB and kelch domain containing 3 
               
               
                 KBTBD6 
                 NM_152903 
                 kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain-containing 6 
               
               
                 KBTBD8 
                 NM_032505 
                 T-cell activation kelch repeat protein 
               
               
                 KCNA7 
                 NM_031886 
                 potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related 
               
               
                 KCNB1 
                 NM_004975 
                 potassium voltage-gated channel, Shab-related 
               
               
                 KCND1 
                 NM_004979 
                 potassium voltage-gated channel, Shal-related 
               
               
                 KCND2 
                 NM_012281 
                 potassium voltage-gated channel, Shal-related 
               
               
                 KCND3 
                 NM_004980 
                 potassium voltage-gated channel, Shal-related 
               
               
                 KCNE1L 
                 NM_012282 
                 potassium voltage-gated channel, Isk-related 
               
               
                 KCNE3 
                 NM_005472 
                 potassium voltage-gated channel, Isk-related 
               
               
                 KCNH5 
                 NM_172375 
                 potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily H, 
               
               
                 KCNH6 
                 NM_173092 
                 potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily H, 
               
               
                 KCNH7 
                 NM_033272 
                 potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily H, 
               
               
                 KCNH8 
                 NM_144633 
                 potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily H, 
               
               
                 KCNIP1 
                 NM_014592 
                 Kv channel interacting protein 1 isoform 2 
               
               
                 KCNIP2 
                 NM_014591 
                 Kv channel interacting protein 2 isoform 1 
               
               
                 KCNJ10 
                 NM_002241 
                 potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily 
               
               
                 KCNJ13 
                 NM_002242 
                 potassium inwardly-rectifying channel J13 
               
               
                 KCNJ4 
                 NM_004981 
                 potassium inwardly-rectifying channel J4 
               
               
                 KCNJ5 
                 NM_000890 
                 potassium inwardly-rectifying channel J5 
               
               
                 KCNJ8 
                 NM_004982 
                 potassium inwardly-rectifying channel J8 
               
               
                 KCNK2 
                 NM_001017424 
                 potassium channel, subfamily K, member 2 isoform 
               
               
                 KCNK3 
                 NM_002246 
                 potassium channel, subfamily K, member 3 
               
               
                 KCNMA1 
                 NM_001014797 
                 large conductance calcium-activated potassium 
               
               
                 KCNS2 
                 NM_020697 
                 potassium voltage-gated channel, 
               
               
                 KCTD10 
                 NM_031954 
                 potassium channel tetramerisation domain 
               
               
                 KDELC2 
                 NM_153705 
                 KDEL (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu) containing 2 
               
               
                 KEAP1 
                 NM_012289 
                 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 
               
               
                 KENAE 
                 NM_176816 
                 hypothetical protein LOC202243 
               
               
                 KIAA0125 
                 NM_014792 
                 hypothetical protein LOC9834 
               
               
                 KIAA0232 
                 NM_014743 
                 hypothetical protein LOC9778 
               
               
                 KIAA0256 
                 NM_014701 
                 hypothetical protein LOC9728 
               
               
                 KIAA0265 
                 NM_014997 
                 hypothetical protein LOC23008 
               
               
                 KIAA0286 
                 NM_015257 
                 hypothetical protein LOC23306 
               
               
                 KIAA0319 
                 NM_014809 
                 KIAA0319 
               
               
                 KIAA0319L 
                 NM_024874 
                 polycystic kidney disease 1-like isoform a 
               
               
                 KIAA0329 
                 NM_014844 
                 hypothetical protein LOC9895 
               
               
                 KIAA0350 
                 NM_015226 
                 hypothetical protein LOC23274 
               
               
                 KIAA0355 
                 NM_014686 
                 hypothetical protein LOC9710 
               
               
                 KIAA0427 
                 NM_014772 
                 hypothetical protein LOC9811 
               
               
                 KIAA0446 
                 NM_014655 
                 hypothetical protein LOC9673 
               
               
                 KIAA0467 
                 NM_015284 
                 KIAA0467 protein 
               
               
                 KIAA0494 
                 NM_014774 
                 hypothetical protein LOC9813 
               
               
                 KIAA0495 
                 NM_207306 
                 KIAA0495 
               
               
                 KIAA0513 
                 NM_014732 
                 hypothetical protein LOC9764 
               
               
                 KIAA0514 
                 NM_014696 
                 hypothetical protein LOC9721 
               
               
                 KIAA0523 
                 NM_015253 
                 hypothetical protein LOC23302 
               
               
                 KIAA0553 
                 NM_001002909 
                 hypothetical protein LOC23131 
               
               
                 KIAA0644 
                 NM_014817 
                 hypothetical protein LOC9865 
               
               
                 KIAA0652 
                 NM_014741 
                 hypothetical protein LOC9776 
               
               
                 KIAA0676 
                 NM_015043 
                 hypothetical protein LOC23061 isoform b 
               
               
                 KIAA0701 
                 NM_001006947 
                 hypothetical protein LOC23074 isoform b 
               
               
                 KIAA0703 
                 NM_014861 
                 calcium-transporting ATPase 2C2 
               
               
                 KIAA0738 
                 NM_014719 
                 hypothetical protein LOC9747 
               
               
                 KIAA0773 
                 NM_001031690 
                 hypothetical protein LOC9715 
               
               
                 KIAA0789 
                 NM_014653 
                 hypothetical protein LOC9671 
               
               
                 KIAA0804 
                 NM_001009921 
                 hypothetical protein LOC23355 isoform a 
               
               
                 KIAA0831 
                 NM_014924 
                 hypothetical protein LOC22863 
               
               
                 KIAA0889 
                 NM_152257 
                 hypothetical protein LOC25781 
               
               
                 KIAA0892 
                 NM_015329 
                 hypothetical protein LOC23383 
               
               
                 KIAA1008 
                 NM_014953 
                 KIAA1008 
               
               
                 KIAA1012 
                 NM_014939 
                 hypothetical protein LOC22878 
               
               
                 KIAA1024 
                 NM_015206 
                 hypothetical protein LOC23251 
               
               
                 KIAA1128 
                 NM_018999 
                 granule cell antiserum positive 14 
               
               
                 KIAA1161 
                 NM_020702 
                 hypothetical protein LOC57462 
               
               
                 KIAA1166 
                 NM_018684 
                 hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigen 127 
               
               
                 KIAA1189 
                 NM_001009959 
                 hypothetical protein LOC57471 isoform a 
               
               
                 KIAA1267 
                 NM_015443 
                 hypothetical protein LOC284058 
               
               
                 KIAA1274 
                 NM_014431 
                 KIAA1274 
               
               
                 KIAA1328 
                 NM_020776 
                 hypothetical protein LOC57536 
               
               
                 KIAA1333 
                 NM_017769 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55632 
               
               
                 KIAA1446 
                 NM_020836 
                 likely ortholog of rat brain-enriched guanylate 
               
               
                 KIAA1456 
                 NM_020844 
                 hypothetical protein LOC57604 
               
               
                 KIAA1467 
                 NM_020853 
                 hypothetical protein LOC57613 
               
               
                 KIAA1522 
                 NM_020888 
                 hypothetical protein LOC57648 
               
               
                 KIAA1576 
                 NM_020927 
                 hypothetical protein LOC57687 
               
               
                 KIAA1604 
                 NM_020943 
                 hypothetical protein LOC57703 
               
               
                 KIAA1622 
                 NM_020958 
                 HEAT-like repeat-containing protein isoform 2 
               
               
                 KIAA1641 
                 NM_020970 
                 hypothetical protein LOC57730 
               
               
                 KIAA1706 
                 NM_030636 
                 hypothetical protein LOC80820 
               
               
                 KIAA1715 
                 NM_030650 
                 Lunapark 
               
               
                 KIAA1727 
                 NM_033393 
                 hypothetical protein LOC85462 
               
               
                 KIAA1729 
                 NM_053042 
                 hypothetical protein LOC85460 
               
               
                 KIAA1737 
                 NM_033426 
                 KIAA1737 protein 
               
               
                 KIAA1853 
                 NM_194286 
                 KIAA1853 protein 
               
               
                 KIAA1875 
                 NM_032529 
                 KIAA1875 protein 
               
               
                 KIAA1909 
                 NM_052909 
                 hypothetical protein LOC153478 
               
               
                 KIAA1914 
                 NM_001001936 
                 KIAA1914 protein isoform 1 
               
               
                 KIAA1920 
                 NM_052919 
                 hypothetical protein LOC114817 
               
               
                 KIAA2022 
                 NM_001008537 
                 hypothetical protein LOC340533 
               
               
                 KIF1B 
                 NM_015074 
                 kinesin family member 1B isoform b 
               
               
                 KIF3B 
                 NM_004798 
                 kinesin family member 3B 
               
               
                 KIF3C 
                 NM_002254 
                 kinesin family member 3C 
               
               
                 KIF4A 
                 NM_012310 
                 kinesin family member 4 
               
               
                 KIF9 
                 NM_022342 
                 kinesin family member 9 isoform 1 
               
               
                 KIRREL 
                 NM_018240 
                 kin of IRRE like 
               
               
                 KLC2 
                 NM_022822 
                 likely ortholog of kinesin light chain 2 
               
               
                 KLC3 
                 NM_177417 
                 kinesin light chain 3 
               
               
                 KLF12 
                 NM_007249 
                 Kruppel-like factor 12 isoform a 
               
               
                 KLF13 
                 NM_015995 
                 Kruppel-like factor 13 
               
               
                 KLF17 
                 NM_173484 
                 zinc finger protein 393 
               
               
                 KLF5 
                 NM_001730 
                 Kruppel-like factor 5 
               
               
                 KLHDC6 
                 NM_207335 
                 hypothetical protein LOC166348 
               
               
                 KLHL20 
                 NM_014458 
                 kelch-like 20 
               
               
                 KLHL21 
                 NM_014851 
                 kelch-like 21 
               
               
                 KLHL22 
                 NM_032775 
                 kelch-like 
               
               
                 KLHL24 
                 NM_017644 
                 DRE1 protein 
               
               
                 KLHL25 
                 NM_022480 
                 BTB/POZ KELCH domain protein 
               
               
                 KLHL26 
                 NM_018316 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55295 
               
               
                 KLHL6 
                 NM_130446 
                 kelch-like 6 
               
               
                 KLHL7 
                 NM_001031710 
                 SBBI26 protein isoform 1 
               
               
                 KLK13 
                 NM_015596 
                 kallikrein 13 precursor 
               
               
                 KLK5 
                 NM_012427 
                 kallikrein 5 preproprotein 
               
               
                 KLRG1 
                 NM_005810 
                 killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G, 
               
               
                 KM-HN-1 
                 NM_152775 
                 KM-HN-1 protein 
               
               
                 KNDC1 
                 NM_152643 
                 kinase non-catalytic C-lobe domain (KIND) 
               
               
                 KPNA1 
                 NM_002264 
                 karyopherin alpha 1 
               
               
                 KPNA6 
                 NM_012316 
                 karyopherin alpha 6 
               
               
                 KRAS 
                 NM_004985 
                 c-K-ras2 protein isoform b 
               
               
                 KREMEN2 
                 NM_024507 
                 kringle-containing transmembrane protein 2 
               
               
                 KRIT1 
                 NM_001013406 
                 krev interaction trapped 1 isoform 2 
               
               
                 KRT25A 
                 NM_181534 
                 keratin 25A 
               
               
                 KRT2A 
                 NM_000423 
                 keratin 2a 
               
               
                 KRT2B 
                 NM_015848 
                 cytokeratin 2 
               
               
                 KRT4 
                 NM_002272 
                 keratin 4 
               
               
                 KRTAP1-1 
                 NM_030967 
                 keratin associated protein 1-1 
               
               
                 KRTAP4-14 
                 NM_033059 
                 keratin associated protein 4-14 
               
               
                 KRTAP4-4 
                 NM_032524 
                 keratin associated protein 4.4 
               
               
                 KRTAP9-2 
                 NM_031961 
                 keratin associated protein 9.2 
               
               
                 KRTAP9-3 
                 NM_031962 
                 keratin associated protein 9.3 
               
               
                 L3MBTL4 
                 NM_173464 
                 hypothetical protein LOC91133 
               
               
                 LACE1 
                 NM_145315 
                 lactation elevated 1 
               
               
                 LAMB3 
                 NM_000228 
                 laminin subunit beta 3 precursor 
               
               
                 LAMC1 
                 NM_002293 
                 laminin, gamma 1 precursor 
               
               
                 LANCL2 
                 NM_018697 
                 LanC lantibiotic synthetase component C-like 2 
               
               
                 LARP1 
                 NM_015315 
                 la related protein isoform 1 
               
               
                 LARP4 
                 NM_052879 
                 c-Mpl binding protein isoform a 
               
               
                 LARP5 
                 NM_015155 
                 La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 5 
               
               
                 LASP1 
                 NM_006148 
                 LIM and SH3 protein 1 
               
               
                 LASS3 
                 NM_178842 
                 hypothetical protein LOC204219 
               
               
                 LBH 
                 NM_030915 
                 hypothetical protein DKFZp566J091 
               
               
                 LCT 
                 NM_002299 
                 lactase-phlorizin hydrolase preproprotein 
               
               
                 LDB3 
                 NM_007078 
                 LIM domain binding 3 
               
               
                 LDLR 
                 NM_000527 
                 low density lipoprotein receptor precursor 
               
               
                 LDLRAP1 
                 NM_015627 
                 low density lipoprotein receptor adaptor protein 
               
               
                 LDOC1L 
                 NM_032287 
                 hypothetical protein LOC84247 
               
               
                 LECT2 
                 NM_002302 
                 leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 precursor 
               
               
                 LENEP 
                 NM_018655 
                 lens epithelial protein 
               
               
                 LEREPO4 
                 NM_018471 
                 erythropoietin 4 immediate early response 
               
               
                 LETM1 
                 NM_012318 
                 leucine zipper-EF-hand containing transmembrane 
               
               
                 LGALS8 
                 NM_006499 
                 galectin 8 isoform a 
               
               
                 LHFPL2 
                 NM_005779 
                 lipoma HMGIC fusion partner-like 2 
               
               
                 LHFPL3 
                 NM_199000 
                 lipoma HMGIC fusion partner-like 3 
               
               
                 LHFPL5 
                 NM_182548 
                 lipoma HMGIC fusion partner-like 5 
               
               
                 LHX3 
                 NM_014564 
                 LIM homeobox protein 3 isoform b 
               
               
                 LHX4 
                 NM_033343 
                 LIM homeobox protein 4 
               
               
                 LIAS 
                 NM_006859 
                 lipoic acid synthetase isoform 1 precursor 
               
               
                 LIF 
                 NM_002309 
                 leukemia inhibitory factor (cholinergic 
               
               
                 LIFR 
                 NM_002310 
                 leukemia inhibitory factor receptor precursor 
               
               
                 LILRB1 
                 NM_006669 
                 leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor, 
               
               
                 LILRB4 
                 NM_006847 
                 leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor, 
               
               
                 LIMD1 
                 NM_014240 
                 LIM domains containing 1 
               
               
                 LIMD2 
                 NM_030576 
                 LIM domain containing 2 
               
               
                 LIMK1 
                 NM_002314 
                 LIM domain kinase 1 
               
               
                 LIMK2 
                 NM_005569 
                 LIM domain kinase 2 isoform 2a 
               
               
                 LIMS2 
                 NM_017980 
                 LIM and senescent cell antigen-like domains 2 
               
               
                 LIMS3 
                 NM_033514 
                 LIM and senescent cell antigen-like domains 3 
               
               
                 LIN28 
                 NM_024674 
                 lin-28 homolog 
               
               
                 LIN9 
                 NM_173083 
                 lin-9 homolog 
               
               
                 LIX1 
                 NM_153234 
                 limb expression 1 
               
               
                 LLGL1 
                 NM_004140 
                 lethal giant larvae homolog 1 
               
               
                 LMNB2 
                 NM_032737 
                 lamin B2 
               
               
                 LMO4 
                 NM_006769 
                 LIM domain only 4 
               
               
                 LMO7 
                 NM_005358 
                 LIM domain only 7 
               
               
                 LMOD3 
                 NM_198271 
                 leiomodin 3 (fetal) 
               
               
                 LOC116236 
                 NM_198147 
                 hypothetical protein LOC116236 
               
               
                 LOC124491 
                 NM_145254 
                 hypothetical protein LOC124491 
               
               
                 LOC129138 
                 NM_138797 
                 hypothetical protein LOC129138 
               
               
                 LOC129607 
                 NM_207315 
                 thymidylate kinase family LPS-inducible member 
               
               
                 LOC130576 
                 NM_177964 
                 hypothetical protein LOC130576 
               
               
                 LOC133619 
                 NM_130809 
                 hypothetical protein LOC133619 
               
               
                 LOC144501 
                 NM_182507 
                 hypothetical protein LOC144501 
               
               
                 LOC151194 
                 NM_145280 
                 hypothetical protein LOC151194 
               
               
                 LOC152485 
                 NM_178835 
                 hypothetical protein LOC152485 
               
               
                 LOC153561 
                 NM_207331 
                 hypothetical protein LOC153561 
               
               
                 LOC158318 
                 NM_001024608 
                 hypothetical protein LOC158318 
               
               
                 LOC162427 
                 NM_178126 
                 hypothetical protein LOC162427 
               
               
                 LOC196463 
                 NM_173542 
                 hypothetical protein LOC196463 
               
               
                 LOC196752 
                 NM_001010864 
                 hypothetical protein LOC196752 
               
               
                 LOC197322 
                 NM_174917 
                 hypothetical protein LOC197322 
               
               
                 LOC201164 
                 NM_178836 
                 hypothetical protein LOC201164 
               
               
                 LOC203427 
                 NM_145305 
                 mitochondrial solute carrier protein 
               
               
                 LOC221091 
                 NM_203422 
                 hypothetical protein LOC221091 
               
               
                 LOC222967 
                 NM_173565 
                 hypothetical protein LOC222967 
               
               
                 LOC283219 
                 NM_001029859 
                 hypothetical protein LOC283219 
               
               
                 LOC283537 
                 NM_181785 
                 hypothetical protein LOC283537 
               
               
                 LOC283551 
                 NM_001012706 
                 hypothetical protein LOC283551 
               
               
                 LOC284296 
                 NM_175908 
                 hypothetical protein LOC284296 
               
               
                 LOC284434 
                 NM_001007525 
                 hypothetical protein LOC284434 
               
               
                 LOC284757 
                 NM_001004305 
                 hypothetical protein LOC284757 
               
               
                 LOC286076 
                 NM_001024610 
                 hypothetical protein LOC286076 
               
               
                 LOC339524 
                 NM_207357 
                 hypothetical protein LOC339524 
               
               
                 LOC340156 
                 NM_001012418 
                 hypothetical protein LOC340156 
               
               
                 LOC342897 
                 NM_001001414 
                 similar to F-box only protein 2 
               
               
                 LOC345222 
                 NM_001012982 
                 hypothetical protein LOC345222 
               
               
                 LOC348262 
                 NM_207368 
                 hypothetical protein LOC348262 
               
               
                 LOC387856 
                 NM_001013635 
                 hypothetical protein LOC387856 
               
               
                 LOC388503 
                 NM_001013640 
                 hypothetical protein LOC388503 
               
               
                 LOC389118 
                 NM_001007540 
                 hypothetical protein LOC389118 
               
               
                 LOC389199 
                 NM_203423 
                 hypothetical protein LOC389199 
               
               
                 LOC389791 
                 NM_001013652 
                 hypothetical protein LOC389791 
               
               
                 LOC389834 
                 NM_001013655 
                 hypothetical protein LOC389834 
               
               
                 LOC392395 
                 NM_001013664 
                 hypothetical protein LOC392395 
               
               
                 LOC399706 
                 NM_001010910 
                 hypothetical protein LOC399706 
               
               
                 LOC399898 
                 NM_001013666 
                 hypothetical protein LOC399898 
               
               
                 LOC400145 
                 NM_001013669 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400145 
               
               
                 LOC400499 
                 NM_001013671 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400499 
               
               
                 LOC400657 
                 NM_001008234 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400657 
               
               
                 LOC400891 
                 NM_001013675 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400891 
               
               
                 LOC400924 
                 NM_001013676 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400924 
               
               
                 LOC400965 
                 NM_001013677 
                 hypothetical protein LOC400965 
               
               
                 LOC401137 
                 NM_214711 
                 hypothetical protein LOC401137 
               
               
                 LOC401398 
                 NM_001023566 
                 hypothetical protein LOC401398 
               
               
                 LOC401431 
                 NM_001008745 
                 hypothetical protein LOC401431 
               
               
                 LOC401507 
                 NM_001012278 
                 hypothetical protein LOC401507 
               
               
                 LOC401589 
                 NM_001013687 
                 hypothetical protein LOC401589 
               
               
                 LOC401620 
                 NM_001013688 
                 hypothetical protein LOC401620 
               
               
                 LOC401720 
                 NM_001013690 
                 hypothetical protein LOC401720 
               
               
                 LOC440313 
                 NM_001013704 
                 hypothetical protein LOC440313 
               
               
                 LOC440337 
                 NM_001013705 
                 hypothetical protein LOC440337 
               
               
                 LOC440570 
                 NM_001013708 
                 hypothetical protein LOC440570 
               
               
                 LOC440742 
                 NM_001013710 
                 hypothetical protein LOC440742 
               
               
                 LOC440925 
                 NM_001013712 
                 hypothetical protein LOC440925 
               
               
                 LOC440944 
                 NM_001013713 
                 hypothetical protein LOC440944 
               
               
                 LOC441070 
                 NM_001013715 
                 hypothetical protein LOC441070 
               
               
                 LOC441136 
                 NM_001013719 
                 hypothetical protein LOC441136 
               
               
                 LOC441268 
                 NM_001013725 
                 hypothetical protein LOC441268 
               
               
                 LOC441459 
                 NM_001013728 
                 hypothetical protein LOC441459 
               
               
                 LOC442247 
                 NM_001013734 
                 hypothetical protein LOC442247 
               
               
                 LOC504188 
                 NM_001013404 
                 hypothetical protein LOC504188 
               
               
                 LOC54103 
                 NM_017439 
                 hypothetical protein LOC54103 
               
               
                 LOC541473 
                 NM_001013748 
                 FKBP6-like 
               
               
                 LOC554251 
                 NM_001024680 
                 hypothetical protein LOC554251 
               
               
                 LOC55908 
                 NM_018687 
                 hepatocellular carcinoma-associated gene TD26 
               
               
                 LOC613206 
                 NM_001033016 
                 myeloproliferative disease associated tumor 
               
               
                 LOC613266 
                 NM_001033516 
                 hypothetical protein LOC613266 
               
               
                 LOC63928 
                 NM_022097 
                 hepatocellular carcinoma antigen gene 520 
               
               
                 LOC90167 
                 NM_194277 
                 hypothetical protein LOC90167 
               
               
                 LOC90639 
                 NM_001031617 
                 hypothetical protein LOC90639 
               
               
                 LOH12CR1 
                 NM_058169 
                 LOH1CR12 
               
               
                 LOXL4 
                 NM_032211 
                 lysyl oxidase-like 4 precursor 
               
               
                 LPIN3 
                 NM_022896 
                 lipin 3 
               
               
                 LPP 
                 NM_005578 
                 LIM domain containing preferred translocation 
               
               
                 LRAT 
                 NM_004744 
                 lecithin retinol acyltransferase 
               
               
                 LRBA 
                 NM_006726 
                 LPS-responsive vesicle trafficking, beach and 
               
               
                 LRCH4 
                 NM_002319 
                 leucine-rich repeats and calponin homology (CH) 
               
               
                 LRP11 
                 NM_032832 
                 low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 
               
               
                 LRP12 
                 NM_013437 
                 suppression of tumorigenicity 
               
               
                 LRP2BP 
                 NM_018409 
                 LRP2 binding protein 
               
               
                 LRRC14 
                 NM_014665 
                 leucine rich repeat containing 14 
               
               
                 LRRC2 
                 NM_024512 
                 leucine rich repeat containing 2 
               
               
                 LRRC20 
                 NM_018205 
                 leucine rich repeat containing 20 isoform 3 
               
               
                 LRRC27 
                 NM_030626 
                 leucine rich repeat containing 27 
               
               
                 LRRC3B 
                 NM_052953 
                 leucine rich repeat containing 3B 
               
               
                 LRRC48 
                 NM_031294 
                 leucine rich repeat containing 48 
               
               
                 LRRC54 
                 NM_015516 
                 tsukushi 
               
               
                 LRRIQ2 
                 NM_024548 
                 leucine-rich repeats and IQ motif containing 2 
               
               
                 LRRN5 
                 NM_006338 
                 leucine rich repeat neuronal 5 precursor 
               
               
                 LRRTM3 
                 NM_178011 
                 leucine rich repeat transmembrane neuronal 3 
               
               
                 LSM12 
                 NM_152344 
                 hypothetical protein LOC124801 
               
               
                 LSM16 
                 NM_025083 
                 LSM16 homolog (EDC3,  S. cerevisiae ) 
               
               
                 LTBP2 
                 NM_000428 
                 latent transforming growth factor beta binding 
               
               
                 LUZP1 
                 NM_033631 
                 leucine zipper protein 1 
               
               
                 LY6H 
                 NM_002347 
                 lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus H 
               
               
                 LY86 
                 NM_004271 
                 MD-1, RP105-associated 
               
               
                 LYCAT 
                 NM_001002257 
                 lysocardiolipin acyltransferase isoform 2 
               
               
                 LYPLA3 
                 NM_012320 
                 lysophospholipase 3 (lysosomal phospholipase 
               
               
                 LYSMD1 
                 NM_212551 
                 LysM, putative peptidoglycan-binding, domain 
               
               
                 LYSMD4 
                 NM_152449 
                 hypothetical protein LOC145748 
               
               
                 LYZ 
                 NM_000239 
                 lysozyme precursor 
               
               
                 LZTR2 
                 NM_033127 
                 regucalcin gene promotor region related protein 
               
               
                 LZTS1 
                 NM_021020 
                 leucine zipper, putative tumor suppressor 1 
               
               
                 M6PR 
                 NM_002355 
                 cation-dependent mannose-6-phosphate receptor 
               
               
                 M6PRBP1 
                 NM_005817 
                 mannose 6 phosphate receptor binding protein 1 
               
               
                 MAB21L1 
                 NM_005584 
                 mab-21-like protein 1 
               
               
                 MAF 
                 NM_001031804 
                 v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene 
               
               
                 MAGEA8 
                 NM_005364 
                 melanoma antigen family A, 8 
               
               
                 MAGEA9 
                 NM_005365 
                 melanoma antigen family A, 9 
               
               
                 MAGEL2 
                 NM_019066 
                 MAGE-like protein 2 
               
               
                 MAGI2 
                 NM_012301 
                 membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ 
               
               
                 MALL 
                 NM_005434 
                 mal, T-cell differentiation protein-like 
               
               
                 MAN1C1 
                 NM_020379 
                 mannosidase, alpha, class 1C, member 1 
               
               
                 MANEA 
                 NM_024641 
                 mannosidase, endo-alpha 
               
               
                 MAP1B 
                 NM_005909 
                 microtubule-associated protein 1B isoform 1 
               
               
                 MAP3K3 
                 NM_002401 
                 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 
               
               
                 MAP3K7 
                 NM_003188 
                 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 
               
               
                 MAP4K1 
                 NM_007181 
                 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 
               
               
                 MAPK1 
                 NM_002745 
                 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 
               
               
                 MAPK14 
                 NM_001315 
                 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform 1 
               
               
                 MAPK3 
                 NM_002746 
                 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform 1 
               
               
                 MAPK7 
                 NM_002749 
                 mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 isoform 1 
               
               
                 MAPKAPK2 
                 NM_004759 
                 mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated 
               
               
                 MAPKBP1 
                 NM_014994 
                 mitogen-activated protein kinase binding protein 
               
               
                 MAPT 
                 NM_005910 
                 microtubule-associated protein tau isoform 2 
               
               
                 MARCH3 
                 NM_178450 
                 membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 3 
               
               
                 MARCH5 
                 NM_017824 
                 ring finger protein 153 
               
               
                 MARCKS 
                 NM_002356 
                 myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C 
               
               
                 MARK3 
                 NM_002376 
                 MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 3 
               
               
                 MARVELD1 
                 NM_031484 
                 MARVEL domain containing 1 
               
               
                 MARVELD3 
                 NM_052858 
                 MARVEL domain containing 3 isoform 2 
               
               
                 MAS1 
                 NM_002377 
                 MAS1 oncogene 
               
               
                 MASP1 
                 NM_001879 
                 mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1 isoform 
               
               
                 MAT1A 
                 NM_000429 
                 methionine adenosyltransferase I, alpha 
               
               
                 MATN2 
                 NM_002380 
                 matrilin 2 isoform a precursor 
               
               
                 MBD3 
                 NM_003926 
                 methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3 
               
               
                 MBNL3 
                 NM_018388 
                 muscleblind-like 3 isoform G 
               
               
                 MCART6 
                 NM_001012755 
                 hypothetical protein LOC401612 
               
               
                 MCCC2 
                 NM_022132 
                 methylcrotonoyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase 2 (beta) 
               
               
                 MCF2 
                 NM_005369 
                 MCF.2 cell line derived transforming sequence 
               
               
                 MCFD2 
                 NM_139279 
                 multiple coagulation factor deficiency 2 
               
               
                 MCL1 
                 NM_021960 
                 myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 MCM4 
                 NM_005914 
                 minichromosome maintenance protein 4 
               
               
                 MCM8 
                 NM_032485 
                 minichromosome maintenance protein 8 isoform 1 
               
               
                 MDFIC 
                 NM_199072 
                 MyoD family inhibitor domain containing isoform 
               
               
                 MDGA1 
                 NM_153487 
                 MAM domain containing 
               
               
                 MECP2 
                 NM_004992 
                 methyl CpG binding protein 2 
               
               
                 MED12L 
                 NM_053002 
                 mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription, 
               
               
                 MEF2C 
                 NM_002397 
                 MADS box transcription enhancer factor 2, 
               
               
                 MEF2D 
                 NM_005920 
                 MADS box transcription enhancer factor 2, 
               
               
                 MEGF10 
                 NM_032446 
                 MEGF10 protein 
               
               
                 MEP1A 
                 NM_005588 
                 meprin A, alpha (PABA peptide hydrolase) 
               
               
                 METT5D1 
                 NM_152636 
                 methyltransferase 5 domain containing 1 
               
               
                 METTL5 
                 NM_014168 
                 methyltransferase like 5 
               
               
                 MFAP3 
                 NM_005927 
                 microfibrillar-associated protein 3 
               
               
                 MFI2 
                 NM_033316 
                 melanoma-associated antigen p97 isoform 2, 
               
               
                 MFN2 
                 NM_014874 
                 mitofusin 2 
               
               
                 MFSD4 
                 NM_181644 
                 hypothetical protein DKFZp761N1114 
               
               
                 MGAM 
                 NM_004668 
                 maltase-glucoamylase 
               
               
                 MGC10334 
                 NM_001029885 
                 hypothetical protein LOC80772 
               
               
                 MGC11102 
                 NM_032325 
                 hypothetical protein LOC84285 
               
               
                 MGC13379 
                 NM_016499 
                 hypothetical protein LOC51259 
               
               
                 MGC15875 
                 NM_032921 
                 hypothetical protein LOC85007 isoform 1 
               
               
                 MGC16028 
                 NM_052873 
                 hypothetical protein LOC112752 
               
               
                 MGC16703 
                 NM_145042 
                 hypothetical protein LOC113691 
               
               
                 MGC20470 
                 NM_145053 
                 hypothetical protein LOC143630 
               
               
                 MGC23280 
                 NM_144683 
                 hypothetical protein LOC147015 
               
               
                 MGC24039 
                 NM_144973 
                 hypothetical protein LOC160518 
               
               
                 MGC26694 
                 NM_178526 
                 hypothetical protein LOC284439 
               
               
                 MGC26718 
                 NM_001029999 
                 hypothetical protein LOC440482 
               
               
                 MGC26733 
                 NM_144992 
                 hypothetical protein LOC200403 
               
               
                 MGC27121 
                 NM_001001343 
                 hypothetical protein LOC408263 
               
               
                 MGC2752 
                 NM_023939 
                 hypothetical protein LOC65996 
               
               
                 MGC29891 
                 NM_144618 
                 GA repeat binding protein, beta 2 
               
               
                 MGC29898 
                 NM_145048 
                 hypothetical protein LOC133015 
               
               
                 MGC3207 
                 NM_001031727 
                 hypothetical protein LOC84245 isoform 1 
               
               
                 MGC33214 
                 NM_153354 
                 hypothetical protein LOC153396 
               
               
                 MGC33530 
                 NM_182546 
                 hypothetical protein LOC222008 
               
               
                 MGC34646 
                 NM_173519 
                 hypothetical protein LOC157807 
               
               
                 MGC35295 
                 NM_152717 
                 hypothetical protein LOC219995 
               
               
                 MGC39900 
                 NM_194324 
                 hypothetical protein LOC286527 
               
               
                 MGC4562 
                 NM_133375 
                 hypothetical protein LOC115752 
               
               
                 MGC4655 
                 NM_033309 
                 hypothetical protein LOC84752 
               
               
                 MGC50273 
                 NM_214461 
                 hypothetical protein LOC408029 
               
               
                 MGC9712 
                 NM_152689 
                 hypothetical protein LOC202915 
               
               
                 MGLL 
                 NM_001003794 
                 monoglyceride lipase isoform 2 
               
               
                 MIB1 
                 NM_020774 
                 mindbomb homolog 1 
               
               
                 MICAL2 
                 NM_014632 
                 microtubule associated monoxygenase, calponin 
               
               
                 MICAL-L1 
                 NM_033386 
                 molecule interacting with Rab13 
               
               
                 MID1IP1 
                 NM_021242 
                 MID1 interacting G12-like protein 
               
               
                 MIER3 
                 NM_152622 
                 hypothetical protein LOC166968 
               
               
                 MIPOL1 
                 NM_138731 
                 mirror-image polydactyly 1 
               
               
                 MKL1 
                 NM_020831 
                 megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 protein 
               
               
                 MKL2 
                 NM_014048 
                 megakaryoblastic leukemia 2 protein 
               
               
                 MKLN1 
                 NM_013255 
                 muskelin 1, intracellular mediator containing 
               
               
                 MKRN3 
                 NM_005664 
                 makorin, ring finger protein, 3 
               
               
                 MLC1 
                 NM_015166 
                 megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with 
               
               
                 MLL4 
                 NM_014727 
                 myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia 4 
               
               
                 MLLT3 
                 NM_004529 
                 myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia 
               
               
                 MLSTD2 
                 NM_032228 
                 male sterility domain containing 2 
               
               
                 MLX 
                 NM_170607 
                 transcription factor-like protein 4 isoform 
               
               
                 MLXIPL 
                 NM_032951 
                 Williams Beuren syndrome chromosome region 14 
               
               
                 MMD2 
                 NM_198403 
                 monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation factor 2 
               
               
                 MMP14 
                 NM_004995 
                 matrix metalloproteinase 14 preproprotein 
               
               
                 MMP17 
                 NM_016155 
                 matrix metalloproteinase 17 preproprotein 
               
               
                 MMP19 
                 NM_001032360 
                 matrix metalloproteinase 19 isoform 2 precursor 
               
               
                 MMP2 
                 NM_004530 
                 matrix metalloproteinase 2 preproprotein 
               
               
                 MMP8 
                 NM_002424 
                 matrix metalloproteinase 8 preproprotein 
               
               
                 MN1 
                 NM_002430 
                 meningioma 1 
               
               
                 MOBKL2A 
                 NM_130807 
                 MOB-LAK 
               
               
                 MOBKL2B 
                 NM_024761 
                 MOB1, Mps One Binder kinase activator-like 2B 
               
               
                 MOCS1 
                 NM_005942 
                 molybdenum cofactor synthesis-step 1 protein 
               
               
                 MOCS2 
                 NM_176806 
                 molybdopterin synthase small subunit MOCS2A 
               
               
                 MOG 
                 NM_001008228 
                 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein isoform 
               
               
                 MON1B 
                 NM_014940 
                 MON1 homolog B 
               
               
                 MOSPD1 
                 NM_019556 
                 motile sperm domain containing 1 
               
               
                 MPP2 
                 NM_005374 
                 palmitoylated membrane protein 2 
               
               
                 MPPED1 
                 NM_001585 
                 hypothetical protein LOC758 
               
               
                 MPST 
                 NM_001013436 
                 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase 
               
               
                 MRAS 
                 NM_012219 
                 muscle RAS oncogene homolog 
               
               
                 MRO 
                 NM_031939 
                 maestro 
               
               
                 MRP63 
                 NM_024026 
                 mitochondrial ribosomal protein 63 
               
               
                 MRPL30 
                 NM_145212 
                 mitochondrial ribosomal protein L30 
               
               
                 MRPL41 
                 NM_032477 
                 mitochondrial ribosomal protein L41 
               
               
                 MRPL52 
                 NM_178336 
                 mitochondrial ribosomal protein L52 isoform a 
               
               
                 MRPS11 
                 NM_022839 
                 mitochondrial ribosomal protein S11 isoform a 
               
               
                 MRPS26 
                 NM_030811 
                 mitochondrial ribosomal protein S26 
               
               
                 MRPS33 
                 NM_016071 
                 mitochondrial ribosomal protein S33 
               
               
                 MS4A10 
                 NM_206893 
                 membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 
               
               
                 MS4A2 
                 NM_000139 
                 membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 
               
               
                 MS4A4A 
                 NM_024021 
                 membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 
               
               
                 MS4A7 
                 NM_021201 
                 membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 
               
               
                 MSH3 
                 NM_002439 
                 mutS homolog 3 
               
               
                 MSI2 
                 NM_138962 
                 musashi 2 isoform a 
               
               
                 MSL3L1 
                 NM_078628 
                 male-specific lethal 3-like 1 isoform d 
               
               
                 MSR1 
                 NM_002445 
                 macrophage scavenger receptor 1 isoform type 2 
               
               
                 MSRB3 
                 NM_001031679 
                 methionine sulfoxide reductase B3 isoform 2 
               
               
                 MTAC2D1 
                 NM_152332 
                 membrane targeting (tandem) C2 domain containing 
               
               
                 MTHFR 
                 NM_005957 
                 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 
               
               
                 MTHFSD 
                 NM_022764 
                 hypothetical protein LOC64779 
               
               
                 MTM1 
                 NM_000252 
                 myotubularin 
               
               
                 MTMR12 
                 NM_019061 
                 myotubularin related protein 12 
               
               
                 MTMR2 
                 NM_016156 
                 myotubularin-related protein 2 isoform 1 
               
               
                 MTMR3 
                 NM_021090 
                 myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform c 
               
               
                 MTMR9 
                 NM_015458 
                 myotubularin-related protein 9 
               
               
                 MTPN 
                 NM_145808 
                 myotrophin 
               
               
                 MTRR 
                 NM_002454 
                 methionine synthase reductase isoform 1 
               
               
                 MUCDHL 
                 NM_031265 
                 mu-protocadherin isoform 4 
               
               
                 MUM1L1 
                 NM_152423 
                 melanoma associated antigen (mutated) 1-like 1 
               
               
                 MUTED 
                 NM_201280 
                 muted 
               
               
                 MX2 
                 NM_002463 
                 myxovirus resistance protein 2 
               
               
                 MXD1 
                 NM_002357 
                 MAX dimerization protein 1 
               
               
                 MXD4 
                 NM_006454 
                 MAD4 
               
               
                 MYADM 
                 NM_001020818 
                 myeloid-associated differentiation marker 
               
               
                 MYBBP1A 
                 NM_014520 
                 MYB binding protein 1a 
               
               
                 MYBL2 
                 NM_002466 
                 MYB-related protein B 
               
               
                 MYCL1 
                 NM_001033081 
                 1-myc-1 proto-oncogene isoform 1 
               
               
                 MYD88 
                 NM_002468 
                 myeloid differentiation primary response gene 
               
               
                 MYL2 
                 NM_000432 
                 myosin light chain 2 
               
               
                 MYL3 
                 NM_000258 
                 myosin light chain 3 
               
               
                 MYO18A 
                 NM_078471 
                 myosin 18A isoform a 
               
               
                 MYO1B 
                 NM_012223 
                 myosin IB 
               
               
                 MYO1E 
                 NM_004998 
                 myosin IE 
               
               
                 MYO3A 
                 NM_017433 
                 myosin IIIA 
               
               
                 MYO5C 
                 NM_018728 
                 myosin VC 
               
               
                 MYO6 
                 NM_004999 
                 myosin VI 
               
               
                 MYO7A 
                 NM_000260 
                 myosin VIIA 
               
               
                 MYOM2 
                 NM_003970 
                 myomesin 2 
               
               
                 MYST2 
                 NM_007067 
                 MYST histone acetyltransferase 2 
               
               
                 MYST3 
                 NM_006766 
                 MYST histone acetyltransferase (monocytic 
               
               
                 MYT1L 
                 NM_015025 
                 myelin transcription factor 1-like 
               
               
                 N4BP1 
                 NM_153029 
                 Nedd4 binding protein 1 
               
               
                 NAALADL2 
                 NM_207015 
                 N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase 2 
               
               
                 NAG6 
                 NM_022742 
                 hypothetical protein DKFZp434G156 
               
               
                 NAG8 
                 NM_014411 
                 nasopharyngeal carcinoma associated gene 
               
               
                 NALP1 
                 NM_014922 
                 death effector filament-forming Ced-4-like 
               
               
                 NALP12 
                 NM_144687 
                 PYRIN-containing APAF1-like protein 7 isoform 2 
               
               
                 NANOS1 
                 NM_199461 
                 nanos homolog 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 NANP 
                 NM_152667 
                 haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain 
               
               
                 NAP1L4 
                 NM_005969 
                 nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 4 
               
               
                 NAPE-PLD 
                 NM_198990 
                 N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing 
               
               
                 NARG1 
                 NM_057175 
                 NMDA receptor regulated 1 
               
               
                 NARG1L 
                 NM_024561 
                 NMDA receptor regulated 1-like protein isoform 
               
               
                 NARG2 
                 NM_001018089 
                 NMDA receptor regulated 2 isoform b 
               
               
                 NAT10 
                 NM_024662 
                 N-acetyltransferase-like protein 
               
               
                 NAT12 
                 NM_001011713 
                 hypothetical protein LOC122830 
               
               
                 NAV3 
                 NM_014903 
                 neuron navigator 3 
               
               
                 NCAM1 
                 NM_181351 
                 neural cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 2 
               
               
                 NCOA1 
                 NM_003743 
                 nuclear receptor coactivator 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 NCOA6IP 
                 NM_024831 
                 PRIP-interacting protein PIPMT 
               
               
                 NCOA7 
                 NM_181782 
                 nuclear receptor coactivator 7 
               
               
                 NCR1 
                 NM_004829 
                 natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1 
               
               
                 NCSTN 
                 NM_015331 
                 nicastrin precursor 
               
               
                 NDE1 
                 NM_017668 
                 nuclear distribution gene E homolog 1 
               
               
                 NDEL1 
                 NM_001025579 
                 nudE nuclear distribution gene E homolog like 1 
               
               
                 NDFIP1 
                 NM_030571 
                 Nedd4 family interacting protein 1 
               
               
                 NDRG4 
                 NM_020465 
                 NDRG family member 4 
               
               
                 NDST1 
                 NM_001543 
                 N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase (heparan 
               
               
                 NEBL 
                 NM_006393 
                 nebulette sarcomeric isoform 
               
               
                 NECAP1 
                 NM_015509 
                 adaptin-ear-binding coat-associated protein 1 
               
               
                 NECAP2 
                 NM_018090 
                 adaptin-ear-binding coat-associated protein 2 
               
               
                 NEDD4 
                 NM_006154 
                 neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally 
               
               
                 NEDD9 
                 NM_182966 
                 neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally 
               
               
                 NEIL2 
                 NM_145043 
                 nei-like 2 
               
               
                 NEK8 
                 NM_178170 
                 NIMA-related kinase 8 
               
               
                 NES 
                 NM_006617 
                 nestin 
               
               
                 NETO1 
                 NM_138999 
                 neuropilin- and tolloid-like protein 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 NETO2 
                 NM_018092 
                 neuropilin- and tolloid-like protein 2 
               
               
                 NEURL 
                 NM_004210 
                 neuralized-like 
               
               
                 NEUROG2 
                 NM_024019 
                 neurogenin 2 
               
               
                 NF2 
                 NM_000268 
                 neurofibromin 2 isoform 1 
               
               
                 NFAM1 
                 NM_145912 
                 NFAT activation molecule 1 precursor 
               
               
                 NFASC 
                 NM_015090 
                 neurofascin precursor 
               
               
                 NFAT5 
                 NM_006599 
                 nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 isoform c 
               
               
                 NFATC1 
                 NM_006162 
                 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytosolic 
               
               
                 NFIC 
                 NM_005597 
                 nuclear factor I/C isoform 1 
               
               
                 NFKBIL1 
                 NM_005007 
                 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene 
               
               
                 NFXL1 
                 NM_152995 
                 nuclear transcription factor, X-box binding-like 
               
               
                 NFYA 
                 NM_002505 
                 nuclear transcription factor Y, alpha isoform 1 
               
               
                 NFYB 
                 NM_006166 
                 nuclear transcription factor Y, beta 
               
               
                 NGFR 
                 NM_002507 
                 nerve growth factor receptor precursor 
               
               
                 NHLH1 
                 NM_005598 
                 nescient helix loop helix 1 
               
               
                 NIPA1 
                 NM_144599 
                 non-imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 
               
               
                 NIPSNAP1 
                 NM_003634 
                 nipsnap homolog 1 
               
               
                 NKIRAS2 
                 NM_001001349 
                 NFKB inhibitor interacting Ras-like 2 
               
               
                 NKTR 
                 NM_001012651 
                 natural killer-tumor recognition sequence 
               
               
                 NLGN2 
                 NM_020795 
                 neuroligin 2 
               
               
                 NMNAT1 
                 NM_022787 
                 nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 
               
               
                 NMT1 
                 NM_021079 
                 N-myristoyltransferase 1 
               
               
                 NMT2 
                 NM_004808 
                 glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase 2 
               
               
                 NNAT 
                 NM_005386 
                 neuronatin isoform alpha 
               
               
                 NOB1 
                 NM_014062 
                 nin one binding protein 
               
               
                 NOL11 
                 NM_015462 
                 nucleolar protein 11 
               
               
                 NOL6 
                 NM_022917 
                 nucleolar RNA-associated protein alpha isoform 
               
               
                 NOM1 
                 NM_138400 
                 nucleolar protein with MIF4G domain 1 
               
               
                 NOVA1 
                 NM_002515 
                 neuro-oncological ventral antigen 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 NOX1 
                 NM_007052 
                 NADPH oxidase 1 isoform long 
               
               
                 NPAL3 
                 NM_020448 
                 NIPA-like domain containing 3 
               
               
                 NPAS2 
                 NM_002518 
                 neuronal PAS domain protein 2 
               
               
                 NPC1 
                 NM_000271 
                 Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 
               
               
                 NPHP1 
                 NM_000272 
                 nephrocystin isoform 1 
               
               
                 NPLOC4 
                 NM_017921 
                 nuclear protein localization 4 
               
               
                 NPR3 
                 NM_000908 
                 natriuretic peptide receptor C/guanylate cyclase 
               
               
                 NPTX1 
                 NM_002522 
                 neuronal pentraxin I precursor 
               
               
                 NPTXR 
                 NM_014293 
                 neuronal pentraxin receptor isoform 1 
               
               
                 NQO1 
                 NM_000903 
                 NAD(P)H menadione oxidoreductase 1, 
               
               
                 NR3C1 
                 NM_000176 
                 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 
               
               
                 NRG1 
                 NM_013958 
                 neuregulin 1 isoform HRG-beta3 
               
               
                 NRIP1 
                 NM_003489 
                 receptor interacting protein 140 
               
               
                 NRIP2 
                 NM_031474 
                 nuclear receptor interacting protein 2 
               
               
                 NRP2 
                 NM_003872 
                 neuropilin 2 isoform 2 precursor 
               
               
                 NSF 
                 NM_006178 
                 N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor 
               
               
                 NT5C2 
                 NM_012229 
                 5′-nucleotidase, cytosolic II 
               
               
                 NTRK2 
                 NM_001007097 
                 neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2 
               
               
                 NUAK2 
                 NM_030952 
                 NUAK family, SNF1-like kinase, 2 
               
               
                 NUCB1 
                 NM_006184 
                 nucleobindin 1 
               
               
                 NUDT10 
                 NM_153183 
                 nudix-type motif 10 
               
               
                 NUDT12 
                 NM_031438 
                 nudix-type motif 12 
               
               
                 NUDT15 
                 NM_018283 
                 nudix-type motif 15 
               
               
                 NUDT16 
                 NM_152395 
                 nudix-type motif 16 
               
               
                 NUDT16L1 
                 NM_032349 
                 syndesmos 
               
               
                 NUDT18 
                 NM_024815 
                 nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety 
               
               
                 NUDT4 
                 NM_019094 
                 nudix-type motif 4 isoform alpha 
               
               
                 NUMB 
                 NM_001005743 
                 numb homolog isoform 1 
               
               
                 NUMBL 
                 NM_004756 
                 numb homolog ( Drosophila )-like 
               
               
                 NUP35 
                 NM_001008544 
                 nucleoporin 35 kDa isoform b 
               
               
                 NUP43 
                 NM_198887 
                 nucleoporin 43 kDa 
               
               
                 NXF1 
                 NM_006362 
                 nuclear RNA export factor 1 
               
               
                 NYD-SP18 
                 NM_032599 
                 testes development-related NYD-SP18 
               
               
                 NY-REN-7 
                 NM_173663 
                 hypothetical protein LOC285596 
               
               
                 OACT2 
                 NM_138799 
                 O-acyltransferase (membrane bound) domain 
               
               
                 OACT5 
                 NM_005768 
                 gene rich cluster, C3f gene 
               
               
                 OAF 
                 NM_178507 
                 hypothetical protein LOC220323 
               
               
                 OAS3 
                 NM_006187 
                 2′-5′oligoadenylate synthetase 3 
               
               
                 OAZ1 
                 NM_004152 
                 ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 1 
               
               
                 OBFC2B 
                 NM_024068 
                 hypothetical protein LOC79035 
               
               
                 OCRL 
                 NM_000276 
                 phosphatidylinositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase 
               
               
                 OLIG1 
                 NM_138983 
                 oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1 
               
               
                 OPCML 
                 NM_001012393 
                 opioid binding protein/cell adhesion 
               
               
                 OPRD1 
                 NM_000911 
                 opioid receptor, delta 1 
               
               
                 OPTC 
                 NM_014359 
                 opticin precursor 
               
               
                 OR2H1 
                 NM_030883 
                 olfactory receptor, family 2, subfamily H, 
               
               
                 OR51E2 
                 NM_030774 
                 olfactory receptor, family 51, subfamily E, 
               
               
                 OR7D2 
                 NM_175883 
                 hypothetical protein LOC162998 
               
               
                 ORAOV1 
                 NM_153451 
                 oral cancer overexpressed 1 
               
               
                 ORC2L 
                 NM_006190 
                 origin recognition complex, subunit 2 
               
               
                 OSBP2 
                 NM_030758 
                 oxysterol binding protein 2 isoform a 
               
               
                 OSBPL2 
                 NM_014835 
                 oxysterol-binding protein-like protein 2 isoform 
               
               
                 OSBPL3 
                 NM_015550 
                 oxysterol-binding protein-like protein 3 isoform 
               
               
                 OSBPL7 
                 NM_145798 
                 oxysterol-binding protein-like protein 7 
               
               
                 OSCAR 
                 NM_206817 
                 osteoclast-associated receptor isoform 2 
               
               
                 OTUD4 
                 NM_199324 
                 OTU domain containing 4 protein isoform 1 
               
               
                 OTUD6B 
                 NM_016023 
                 OTU domain containing 6B 
               
               
                 OXGR1 
                 NM_080818 
                 oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) receptor 1 
               
               
                 P2RX2 
                 NM_012226 
                 purinergic receptor P2X2 isoform I 
               
               
                 P2RX7 
                 NM_002562 
                 purinergic receptor P2X7 
               
               
                 P2RY13 
                 NM_023914 
                 purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 13 
               
               
                 P2RY14 
                 NM_014879 
                 purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 14 
               
               
                 P2RY4 
                 NM_002565 
                 pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y4 
               
               
                 P2RY8 
                 NM_178129 
                 G-protein coupled purinergic receptor P2Y8 
               
               
                 P4HA1 
                 NM_000917 
                 prolyl 4-hydroxylase, alpha I subunit isoform 1 
               
               
                 P4HA3 
                 NM_182904 
                 prolyl 4-hydroxylase, alpha III subunit 
               
               
                 P53AIP1 
                 NM_022112 
                 p53-regulated apoptosis-inducing protein 1 
               
               
                 PACRG 
                 NM_152410 
                 PARK2 co-regulated 
               
               
                 PACS1 
                 NM_018026 
                 phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 1 
               
               
                 PAFAH1B2 
                 NM_002572 
                 platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, 
               
               
                 PAG1 
                 NM_018440 
                 phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid 
               
               
                 PAICS 
                 NM_006452 
                 phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase 
               
               
                 PALMD 
                 NM_017734 
                 palmdelphin 
               
               
                 PAN3 
                 NM_175854 
                 PABP1-dependent poly A-specific ribonuclease 
               
               
                 PAP2D 
                 NM_001010861 
                 phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2d isoform 2 
               
               
                 PAPLN 
                 NM_173462 
                 papilin 
               
               
                 PAPOLB 
                 NM_020144 
                 poly(A) polymerase beta (testis specific) 
               
               
                 PAPPA 
                 NM_002581 
                 pregnancy-associated plasma protein A 
               
               
                 PAQR5 
                 NM_017705 
                 membrane progestin receptor gamma 
               
               
                 PAQR6 
                 NM_198406 
                 progestin and adipoQ receptor family member VI 
               
               
                 PARD6G 
                 NM_032510 
                 PAR-6 gamma protein 
               
               
                 PARP6 
                 NM_020213 
                 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 6 
               
               
                 PARVA 
                 NM_018222 
                 parvin, alpha 
               
               
                 PATE 
                 NM_138294 
                 expressed in prostate and testis 
               
               
                 PAX5 
                 NM_016734 
                 paired box 5 
               
               
                 PBK 
                 NM_018492 
                 T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase 
               
               
                 PC 
                 NM_000920 
                 pyruvate carboxylase precursor 
               
               
                 PCDH11X 
                 NM_032967 
                 protocadherin 11 X-linked isoform b precursor 
               
               
                 PCDH11Y 
                 NM_032971 
                 protocadherin 11 Y-linked isoform a 
               
               
                 PCDH21 
                 NM_033100 
                 protocadherin 21 precursor 
               
               
                 PCDHA9 
                 NM_014005 
                 protocadherin alpha 9 isoform 2 precursor 
               
               
                 PCDHB10 
                 NM_018930 
                 protocadherin beta 10 precursor 
               
               
                 PCGF3 
                 NM_006315 
                 ring finger protein 3 
               
               
                 PCGF6 
                 NM_001011663 
                 polycomb group ring finger 6 isoform a 
               
               
                 PCMT1 
                 NM_005389 
                 protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) 
               
               
                 PCNXL2 
                 NM_014801 
                 pecanex-like 2 
               
               
                 PCQAP 
                 NM_001003891 
                 positive cofactor 2, glutamine/Q-rich-associated 
               
               
                 PCSK2 
                 NM_002594 
                 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 2 
               
               
                 PCSK6 
                 NM_138323 
                 paired basic amino acid cleaving system 4 
               
               
                 PCSK7 
                 NM_004716 
                 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 7 
               
               
                 PCSK9 
                 NM_174936 
                 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 
               
               
                 PCYOX1 
                 NM_016297 
                 prenylcysteine oxidase 1 
               
               
                 PDAP1 
                 NM_014891 
                 PDGFA associated protein 1 
               
               
                 PDCD6IP 
                 NM_013374 
                 programmed cell death 6 interacting protein 
               
               
                 PDCL 
                 NM_005388 
                 phosducin-like 
               
               
                 PDDC1 
                 NM_182612 
                 hypothetical protein LOC347862 
               
               
                 PDE11A 
                 NM_016953 
                 phosphodiesterase 11A 
               
               
                 PDE1B 
                 NM_000924 
                 phosphodiesterase 1B, calmodulin-dependent 
               
               
                 PDE4DIP 
                 NM_001002811 
                 phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein isoform 
               
               
                 PDE5A 
                 NM_001083 
                 phosphodiesterase 5A isoform 1 
               
               
                 PDE7A 
                 NM_002604 
                 phosphodiesterase 7A isoform b 
               
               
                 PDE8B 
                 NM_001029851 
                 phosphodiesterase 8B isoform 3 
               
               
                 PDGFB 
                 NM_002608 
                 platelet-derived growth factor beta isoform 1, 
               
               
                 PDGFRA 
                 NM_006206 
                 platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha 
               
               
                 PDGFRB 
                 NM_002609 
                 platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta 
               
               
                 PDIA6 
                 NM_005742 
                 protein disulfide isomerase-associated 6 
               
               
                 PDK1 
                 NM_002610 
                 pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 1 
               
               
                 PDLIM2 
                 NM_176871 
                 PDZ and LIM domain 2 isoform 1 
               
               
                 PDLIM5 
                 NM_001011513 
                 PDZ and LIM domain 5 isoform b 
               
               
                 PDP2 
                 NM_020786 
                 pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase isoenzyme 2 
               
               
                 PDPK1 
                 NM_002613 
                 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 
               
               
                 PDPR 
                 NM_017990 
                 pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase regulatory 
               
               
                 PDXK 
                 NM_003681 
                 pyridoxal kinase 
               
               
                 PDYN 
                 NM_024411 
                 beta-neoendorphin-dynorphin preproprotein 
               
               
                 PDZD2 
                 NM_178140 
                 PDZ domain containing 2 
               
               
                 PDZD4 
                 NM_032512 
                 PDZ domain containing 4 
               
               
                 PEBP1 
                 NM_002567 
                 prostatic binding protein 
               
               
                 PECR 
                 NM_018441 
                 peroxisomal trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase 
               
               
                 PEG3 
                 NM_006210 
                 paternally expressed 3 
               
               
                 PER2 
                 NM_022817 
                 period 2 isoform 1 
               
               
                 PEX10 
                 NM_002617 
                 peroxisome biogenesis factor 10 isoform 2 
               
               
                 PEX5 
                 NM_000319 
                 peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 
               
               
                 PFKFB2 
                 NM_001018053 
                 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 
               
               
                 PGAP1 
                 NM_024989 
                 GPI deacylase 
               
               
                 PGBD4 
                 NM_152595 
                 piggyBac transposable element derived 4 
               
               
                 PGD 
                 NM_002631 
                 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 
               
               
                 PGK1 
                 NM_000291 
                 phosphoglycerate kinase 1 
               
               
                 PGK2 
                 NM_138733 
                 phosphoglycerate kinase 2 
               
               
                 PGLYRP2 
                 NM_052890 
                 peptidoglycan recognition protein L precursor 
               
               
                 PGLYRP4 
                 NM_020393 
                 peptidoglycan recognition protein-I-beta 
               
               
                 PGM2L1 
                 NM_173582 
                 phosphoglucomutase 2-like 1 
               
               
                 PGRMC2 
                 NM_006320 
                 progesterone membrane binding protein 
               
               
                 PHC2 
                 NM_004427 
                 polyhomeotic 2-like isoform b 
               
               
                 PHF11 
                 NM_016119 
                 PHD finger protein 11 
               
               
                 PHF13 
                 NM_153812 
                 PHD finger protein 13 
               
               
                 PHF20 
                 NM_016436 
                 PHD finger protein 20 
               
               
                 PHF20L1 
                 NM_016018 
                 PHD finger protein 20-like 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 PHF6 
                 NM_001015877 
                 PHD finger protein 6 isoform 1 
               
               
                 PHF8 
                 NM_015107 
                 PHD finger protein 8 
               
               
                 PHGDHL1 
                 NM_177967 
                 hypothetical protein LOC337867 
               
               
                 PHLDB1 
                 NM_015157 
                 pleckstrin homology-like domain, family B, 
               
               
                 PHTF2 
                 NM_020432 
                 putative homeodomain transcription factor 2 
               
               
                 PI4KII 
                 NM_018425 
                 phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type II 
               
               
                 PIAS3 
                 NM_006099 
                 protein inhibitor of activated STAT, 3 
               
               
                 PIGQ 
                 NM_004204 
                 phosphatidylinositol glycan, class Q isoform 2 
               
               
                 PIGW 
                 NM_178517 
                 phosphatidylinositol glycan, class W 
               
               
                 PIK3CG 
                 NM_002649 
                 phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, gamma 
               
               
                 PIK3R1 
                 NM_181504 
                 phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit, 
               
               
                 PIK3R3 
                 NM_003629 
                 phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 3 
               
               
                 PILRA 
                 NM_013439 
                 paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor alpha 
               
               
                 PIP3-E 
                 NM_015553 
                 phosphoinositide-binding protein PIP3-E 
               
               
                 PIP5K1C 
                 NM_012398 
                 phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type 
               
               
                 PIP5K2B 
                 NM_003559 
                 phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type 
               
               
                 PIP5KL1 
                 NM_173492 
                 phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase-like 
               
               
                 PITPNA 
                 NM_006224 
                 phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, alpha 
               
               
                 PITX1 
                 NM_002653 
                 paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 1 
               
               
                 PKD2 
                 NM_000297 
                 polycystin 2 
               
               
                 PKNOX1 
                 NM_004571 
                 PBX/knotted 1 homeobox 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 PKP1 
                 NM_000299 
                 plakophilin 1 isoform 1b 
               
               
                 PLA2G1B 
                 NM_000928 
                 phospholipase A2, group IB 
               
               
                 PLA2G2D 
                 NM_012400 
                 phospholipase A2, group IID 
               
               
                 PLA2G4D 
                 NM_178034 
                 phospholipase A2, group IVD 
               
               
                 PLAGL2 
                 NM_002657 
                 pleiomorphic adenoma gene-like 2 
               
               
                 PLAU 
                 NM_002658 
                 urokinase plasminogen activator preproprotein 
               
               
                 PLAUR 
                 NM_001005376 
                 plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor 
               
               
                 PLCB4 
                 NM_000933 
                 phospholipase C beta 4 isoform a 
               
               
                 PLCD3 
                 NM_133373 
                 phospholipase C delta 3 
               
               
                 PLCXD3 
                 NM_001005473 
                 phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, X 
               
               
                 PLD5 
                 NM_152666 
                 phospholipase D family, member 5 
               
               
                 PLEKHA1 
                 NM_001001974 
                 pleckstrin homology domain containing, family A 
               
               
                 PLEKHA6 
                 NM_014935 
                 phosphoinositol 3-phosphate-binding protein-3 
               
               
                 PLEKHB2 
                 NM_017958 
                 pleckstrin homology domain containing, family B 
               
               
                 PLEKHQ1 
                 NM_025201 
                 PH domain-containing protein 
               
               
                 PLIN 
                 NM_002666 
                 perilipin 
               
               
                 PLXNA1 
                 NM_032242 
                 plexin A1 
               
               
                 PML 
                 NM_033238 
                 promyelocytic leukemia protein isoform 1 
               
               
                 PNKD 
                 NM_015488 
                 myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 PNMA2 
                 NM_007257 
                 paraneoplastic antigen MA2 
               
               
                 PNPLA1 
                 NM_173676 
                 patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 1 
               
               
                 PNPO 
                 NM_018129 
                 pyridoxine 5′-phosphate oxidase 
               
               
                 PNRC1 
                 NM_006813 
                 proline-rich nuclear receptor coactivator 1 
               
               
                 PODXL 
                 NM_001018111 
                 podocalyxin-like precursor isoform 1 
               
               
                 POFUT1 
                 NM_015352 
                 protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 POFUT2 
                 NM_015227 
                 protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 isoform A 
               
               
                 POGK 
                 NM_017542 
                 pogo transposable element with KRAB domain 
               
               
                 POGZ 
                 NM_145796 
                 pogo transposable element with ZNF domain 
               
               
                 POLDIP2 
                 NM_015584 
                 DNA polymerase delta interacting protein 2 
               
               
                 POLDIP3 
                 NM_032311 
                 DNA polymerase delta interacting protein 3 
               
               
                 POLH 
                 NM_006502 
                 polymerase (DNA directed), eta 
               
               
                 POLR1B 
                 NM_019014 
                 RNA polymerase I polypeptide B 
               
               
                 POLR1E 
                 NM_022490 
                 RNA polymerase I associated factor 53 
               
               
                 POLR2L 
                 NM_021128 
                 DNA directed RNA polymerase II polypeptide L 
               
               
                 POLR3E 
                 NM_018119 
                 polymerase (RNA) III (DNA directed) polypeptide 
               
               
                 POLR3GL 
                 NM_032305 
                 polymerase (RNA) III (DNA directed) polypeptide 
               
               
                 POM121 
                 NM_172020 
                 nuclear pore membrane protein 121 
               
               
                 POU2F2 
                 NM_002698 
                 POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 2 
               
               
                 POU2F3 
                 NM_014352 
                 POU transcription factor 
               
               
                 PPAPDC2 
                 NM_203453 
                 phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2 domain 
               
               
                 PPARA 
                 NM_001001928 
                 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, 
               
               
                 PPCDC 
                 NM_021823 
                 phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase 
               
               
                 PPEF2 
                 NM_152933 
                 serine/threonine protein phosphatase with 
               
               
                 PPFIBP2 
                 NM_003621 
                 PTPRF interacting protein, binding protein 2 
               
               
                 PPIL2 
                 NM_014337 
                 peptidylprolyl isomerase-like 2 isoform a 
               
               
                 PPIL4 
                 NM_139126 
                 peptidylprolyl isomerase-like 4 
               
               
                 PPL 
                 NM_002705 
                 periplakin 
               
               
                 PPM1B 
                 NM_177968 
                 protein phosphatase 1B isoform 2 
               
               
                 PPM1E 
                 NM_014906 
                 protein phosphatase 1E 
               
               
                 PPM2C 
                 NM_018444 
                 pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase precursor 
               
               
                 PPP1R12B 
                 NM_002481 
                 protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) 
               
               
                 PPP1R12C 
                 NM_017607 
                 protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 12C 
               
               
                 PPP1R13L 
                 NM_006663 
                 protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) 
               
               
                 PPP1R15B 
                 NM_032833 
                 protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 15B 
               
               
                 PPP1R16B 
                 NM_015568 
                 protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor 
               
               
                 PPP1R3A 
                 NM_002711 
                 protein phosphatase 1 glycogen-binding 
               
               
                 PPP1R3B 
                 NM_024607 
                 protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) 
               
               
                 PPP2CB 
                 NM_001009552 
                 protein phosphatase 2, catalytic subunit, beta 
               
               
                 PPP2R1B 
                 NM_002716 
                 beta isoform of regulatory subunit A, protein 
               
               
                 PPP2R2A 
                 NM_002717 
                 alpha isoform of regulatory subunit B55, protein 
               
               
                 PPP2R3A 
                 NM_002718 
                 protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B″, 
               
               
                 PPP2R4 
                 NM_021131 
                 protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit B′ 
               
               
                 PPP2R5C 
                 NM_002719 
                 gamma isoform of regulatory subunit B56, protein 
               
               
                 PPP4R1L 
                 NM_018498 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55370 
               
               
                 PPT2 
                 NM_005155 
                 palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 2 isoform a 
               
               
                 PRC1 
                 NM_003981 
                 protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 PRDM12 
                 NM_021619 
                 PR domain containing 12 
               
               
                 PRDM16 
                 NM_022114 
                 PR domain containing 16 isoform 1 
               
               
                 PRDM9 
                 NM_020227 
                 PR domain containing 9 
               
               
                 PREB 
                 NM_013388 
                 prolactin regulatory element binding protein 
               
               
                 PRELP 
                 NM_002725 
                 proline arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat 
               
               
                 PREPL 
                 NM_006036 
                 prolyl endopeptidase-like 
               
               
                 PRICKLE2 
                 NM_198859 
                 prickle-like 2 
               
               
                 PRKAA2 
                 NM_006252 
                 AMP-activated protein kinase alpha 2 catalytic 
               
               
                 PRKCA 
                 NM_002737 
                 protein kinase C, alpha 
               
               
                 PRKCE 
                 NM_005400 
                 protein kinase C, epsilon 
               
               
                 PRKD2 
                 NM_016457 
                 protein kinase D2 
               
               
                 PRKRIP1 
                 NM_024653 
                 PRKR interacting protein 1 (IL11 inducible) 
               
               
                 PRKRIR 
                 NM_004705 
                 protein-kinase, interferon-inducible double 
               
               
                 PRKX 
                 NM_005044 
                 protein kinase, X-linked 
               
               
                 PRKY 
                 NM_002760 
                 protein kinase, Y-linked 
               
               
                 PRND 
                 NM_012409 
                 prion-like protein doppel preproprotein 
               
               
                 PROSC 
                 NM_007198 
                 proline synthetase co-transcribed homolog 
               
               
                 PRPF19 
                 NM_014502 
                 PRP19/PSO4 pre-mRNA processing factor 19 
               
               
                 PRPF4 
                 NM_004697 
                 PRP4 pre-mRNA processing factor 4 homolog 
               
               
                 PRRG4 
                 NM_024081 
                 proline rich Gla (G-carboxyglutamic acid) 4 
               
               
                 PRRT2 
                 NM_145239 
                 hypothetical protein LOC112476 
               
               
                 PRRX1 
                 NM_006902 
                 paired mesoderm homeobox 1 isoform pmx-1a 
               
               
                 PRSS23 
                 NM_007173 
                 protease, serine, 23 precursor 
               
               
                 PRX 
                 NM_020956 
                 periaxin isoform 1 
               
               
                 PRY 
                 NM_004676 
                 PTPN13-lilce, Y-linked 
               
               
                 PRY2 
                 NM_001002758 
                 PTPN13-like, Y-linked 2 
               
               
                 PSCD1 
                 NM_004762 
                 pleckstrin homology, Sec7 and coiled/coil 
               
               
                 PSCD4 
                 NM_013385 
                 pleckstrin homology, Sec7 and coiled/coil 
               
               
                 PSD3 
                 NM_015310 
                 ADP-ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide 
               
               
                 PSG4 
                 NM_002780 
                 pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 4 isoform 
               
               
                 PSG7 
                 NM_002783 
                 pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 7 
               
               
                 PSMD5 
                 NM_005047 
                 proteasome 26S non-ATPase subunit 5 
               
               
                 PSME4 
                 NM_014614 
                 proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator 
               
               
                 PTAFR 
                 NM_000952 
                 platelet-activating factor receptor 
               
               
                 PTCH 
                 NM_000264 
                 patched 
               
               
                 PTD004 
                 NM_001011708 
                 GTP-binding protein PTD004 isoform 2 
               
               
                 PTDSS2 
                 NM_030783 
                 phosphatidylserine synthase 2 
               
               
                 PTGDR 
                 NM_000953 
                 prostaglandin D2 receptor 
               
               
                 PTGER3 
                 NM_198718 
                 prostaglandin E receptor 3, subtype EP3 isoform 
               
               
                 PTGES2 
                 NM_025072 
                 prostaglandin E synthase 2 isoform 1 
               
               
                 PTGES3 
                 NM_006601 
                 unactive progesterone receptor, 23 kD 
               
               
                 PTGIS 
                 NM_000961 
                 prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin) synthase 
               
               
                 PTHB1 
                 NM_001033604 
                 parathyroid hormone-responsive B1 isoform 3 
               
               
                 PTK6 
                 NM_005975 
                 PTK6 protein tyrosine kinase 6 
               
               
                 PTK7 
                 NM_002821 
                 PTK7 protein tyrosine kinase 7 isoform a 
               
               
                 PTK9L 
                 NM_007284 
                 twinfilin-like protein 
               
               
                 PTPDC1 
                 NM_152422 
                 protein tyrosine phosphatase domain containing 1 
               
               
                 PTPLB 
                 NM_198402 
                 protein tyrosine phosphatase-like (proline 
               
               
                 PTPN11 
                 NM_002834 
                 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 
               
               
                 PTPN2 
                 NM_002828 
                 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 
               
               
                 PTPN23 
                 NM_015466 
                 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 
               
               
                 PTPN4 
                 NM_002830 
                 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 
               
               
                 PTPN7 
                 NM_002832 
                 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 
               
               
                 PTPRE 
                 NM_006504 
                 protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, E 
               
               
                 PTPRN 
                 NM_002846 
                 protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, N 
               
               
                 PTPRT 
                 NM_007050 
                 protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, T 
               
               
                 PTRF 
                 NM_012232 
                 polymerase I and transcript release factor 
               
               
                 PTTG1IP 
                 NM_004339 
                 pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 
               
               
                 PXMP4 
                 NM_183397 
                 peroxisomal membrane protein 4 isoform b 
               
               
                 PXT1 
                 NM_152990 
                 peroxisomal, testis specific 1 
               
               
                 PYCRL 
                 NM_023078 
                 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase-like 
               
               
                 QDPR 
                 NM_000320 
                 quinoid dihydropteridine reductase 
               
               
                 QKI 
                 NM_006775 
                 quaking homolog, KH domain RNA binding isoform 
               
               
                 QPCTL 
                 NM_017659 
                 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like 
               
               
                 QPRT 
                 NM_014298 
                 quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase 
               
               
                 QRSL1 
                 NM_018292 
                 glutaminyl-tRNA synthase 
               
               
                 QSCN6 
                 NM_002826 
                 quiescin Q6 isoform a 
               
               
                 QSCN6L1 
                 NM_181701 
                 quiescin Q6-like 1 
               
               
                 RAB11A 
                 NM_004663 
                 Ras-related protein Rab-11A 
               
               
                 RAB11FIP1 
                 NM_001002814 
                 Rab coupling protein isoform 3 
               
               
                 RAB11FIP4 
                 NM_032932 
                 RAB11 family interacting protein 4 (class II) 
               
               
                 RAB15 
                 NM_198686 
                 Ras-related protein Rab-15 
               
               
                 RAB22A 
                 NM_020673 
                 RAS-related protein RAB-22A 
               
               
                 RAB23 
                 NM_016277 
                 Ras-related protein Rab-23 
               
               
                 RAB27A 
                 NM_004580 
                 Ras-related protein Rab-27A 
               
               
                 RAB28 
                 NM_001017979 
                 RAB28, member RAS oncogene family isoform 1 
               
               
                 RAB33B 
                 NM_031296 
                 RAB33B, member RAS oncogene family 
               
               
                 RAB37 
                 NM_001006638 
                 RAB37, member RAS oncogene family isoform 2 
               
               
                 RAB40B 
                 NM_006822 
                 RAB40B, member RAS oncogene family 
               
               
                 RAB40C 
                 NM_021168 
                 RAR (RAS like GTPASE) like 
               
               
                 RAB41 
                 NM_001032726 
                 RAB41, member RAS homolog family 
               
               
                 RAB43 
                 NM_198490 
                 RAB43 protein 
               
               
                 RAB6B 
                 NM_016577 
                 RAB6B, member RAS oncogene family 
               
               
                 RAB6IP2 
                 NM_015064 
                 RAB6-interacting protein 2 isoform alpha 
               
               
                 RAB7 
                 NM_004637 
                 RAB7, member RAS oncogene family 
               
               
                 RAB7L1 
                 NM_003929 
                 RAB7, member RAS oncogene family-like 1 
               
               
                 RABEP1 
                 NM_004703 
                 rabaptin, RAB GTPase binding effector protein 1 
               
               
                 RABIF 
                 NM_002871 
                 RAB-interacting factor 
               
               
                 RABL5 
                 NM_022777 
                 RAB, member RAS oncogene family-like 5 
               
               
                 RAD1 
                 NM_002853 
                 RAD1 homolog isoform 1 
               
               
                 RAD23B 
                 NM_002874 
                 UV excision repair protein RAD23 homolog B 
               
               
                 RAD51 
                 NM_002875 
                 RAD51 homolog protein isoform 1 
               
               
                 RAD51L3 
                 NM_002878 
                 RAD51-like 3 isoform 1 
               
               
                 RAE1 
                 NM_001015885 
                 RAE1 (RNA export 1,  S. pombe ) homolog 
               
               
                 RAF1 
                 NM_002880 
                 v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 
               
               
                 RAI17 
                 NM_020338 
                 retinoic acid induced 17 
               
               
                 RALBP1 
                 NM_006788 
                 ralA binding protein 1 
               
               
                 RALGPS1 
                 NM_014636 
                 Ral GEF with PH domain and SH3 binding motif 1 
               
               
                 RANBP10 
                 NM_020850 
                 RAN binding protein 10 
               
               
                 RAP2B 
                 NM_002886 
                 RAP2B, member of RAS oncogene family 
               
               
                 RAPGEF1 
                 NM_005312 
                 guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2 isoform a 
               
               
                 RAPGEF6 
                 NM_016340 
                 PDZ domain-containing guanine nucleotide 
               
               
                 RARG 
                 NM_000966 
                 retinoic acid receptor, gamma 
               
               
                 RARRES1 
                 NM_206963 
                 retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene 
               
               
                 RASD2 
                 NM_014310 
                 RASD family, member 2 
               
               
                 RASGEF1B 
                 NM_152545 
                 RasGEF domain family, member 1B 
               
               
                 RASGRP1 
                 NM_005739 
                 RAS guanyl releasing protein 1 
               
               
                 RASGRP4 
                 NM_052949 
                 RAS guanyl releasing protein 4 isoform 3 
               
               
                 RASL10B 
                 NM_033315 
                 RAS-like, family 10, member B 
               
               
                 RASSF2 
                 NM_014737 
                 Ras association domain family 2 
               
               
                 RASSF4 
                 NM_032023 
                 Ras association domain family 4 isoform a 
               
               
                 RASSF5 
                 NM_031437 
                 Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family 5 
               
               
                 RASSF6 
                 NM_177532 
                 Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family 6 
               
               
                 RASSF8 
                 NM_007211 
                 Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family 8 
               
               
                 RAVER1 
                 NM_133452 
                 RAVER1 
               
               
                 RAXLX 
                 NM_001008494 
                 hypothetical protein LOC91464 
               
               
                 RB1 
                 NM_000321 
                 retinoblastoma 1 
               
               
                 RBBP9 
                 NM_006606 
                 retinoblastoma binding protein 9 
               
               
                 RBL1 
                 NM_002895 
                 retinoblastoma-like protein 1 isoform a 
               
               
                 RBM14 
                 NM_006328 
                 RNA binding motif protein 14 
               
               
                 RBM16 
                 NM_014892 
                 RNA-binding motif protein 16 
               
               
                 RBM17 
                 NM_032905 
                 RNA binding motif protein 17 
               
               
                 RBM19 
                 NM_016196 
                 RNA binding motif protein 19 
               
               
                 RBM24 
                 NM_153020 
                 hypothetical protein LOC221662 
               
               
                 RBM3 
                 NM_001017430 
                 RNA binding motif protein 3 isoform b 
               
               
                 RBM33 
                 NM_001008408 
                 hypothetical protein LOC155435 
               
               
                 RBM5 
                 NM_005778 
                 RNA binding motif protein 5 
               
               
                 RCC2 
                 NM_018715 
                 RCC1-like 
               
               
                 RCD-8 
                 NM_014329 
                 autoantigen RCD8 
               
               
                 RCHY1 
                 NM_001008925 
                 ring finger and CHY zinc finger domain 
               
               
                 RDBP 
                 NM_002904 
                 RD RNA-binding protein 
               
               
                 RDH12 
                 NM_152443 
                 retinol dehydrogenase 12 (all-trans and 9-cis) 
               
               
                 RECQL5 
                 NM_001003715 
                 RecQ protein-like 5 isoform 2 
               
               
                 REEP1 
                 NM_022912 
                 receptor expression enhancing protein 1 
               
               
                 REEP3 
                 NM_001001330 
                 receptor expression enhancing protein 3 
               
               
                 REG4 
                 NM_032044 
                 regenerating islet-derived family, member 4 
               
               
                 REPS1 
                 NM_031922 
                 RALBP1 associated Eps domain containing 1 
               
               
                 RER1 
                 NM_007033 
                 RER1 retention in endoplasmic reticulum 1 
               
               
                 RETNLB 
                 NM_032579 
                 colon and small intestine-specific cysteine-rich 
               
               
                 REXO1L1 
                 NM_172239 
                 exonuclease GOR 
               
               
                 REXO2 
                 NM_015523 
                 small fragment nuclease 
               
               
                 RFC3 
                 NM_181558 
                 replication factor C 3 isoform 2 
               
               
                 RFK 
                 NM_018339 
                 riboflavin kinase 
               
               
                 RFNG 
                 NM_002917 
                 radical fringe homolog 
               
               
                 RFWD3 
                 NM_018124 
                 ring finger and WD repeat domain 3 
               
               
                 RFX2 
                 NM_000635 
                 regulatory factor X2 isoform a 
               
               
                 RG9MTD3 
                 NM_144964 
                 RNA (guanine-9-) methyltransferase domain 
               
               
                 RGAG1 
                 NM_020769 
                 retrotransposon gag domain containing 1 
               
               
                 RGL1 
                 NM_015149 
                 ral guanine nucleotide dissociation 
               
               
                 RGMB 
                 NM_001012761 
                 RGM domain family, member B isoform 1 precursor 
               
               
                 RGS11 
                 NM_003834 
                 regulator of G-protein signalling 11 isoform 2 
               
               
                 RGS12 
                 NM_198432 
                 regulator of G-protein signalling 12 isoform 5 
               
               
                 RGS18 
                 NM_130782 
                 regulator of G-protein signalling 18 
               
               
                 RGS3 
                 NM_017790 
                 regulator of G-protein signalling 3 isoform 3 
               
               
                 RGSL1 
                 NM_181572 
                 regulator of G-protein signalling like 1 
               
               
                 RHBDD1 
                 NM_032276 
                 rhomboid domain containing 1 
               
               
                 RHBDL3 
                 NM_138328 
                 rhomboid, veinlet-like 3 
               
               
                 RHCG 
                 NM_016321 
                 Rhesus blood group, C glycoprotein 
               
               
                 RHOBTB1 
                 NM_001032380 
                 Rho-related BTB domain containing 1 
               
               
                 RHOG 
                 NM_001665 
                 ras homolog gene family, member G 
               
               
                 RHOJ 
                 NM_020663 
                 TC10-like Rho GTPase 
               
               
                 RHOU 
                 NM_021205 
                 ras homolog gene family, member U 
               
               
                 RIC8A 
                 NM_021932 
                 resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase 8 
               
               
                 RICTOR 
                 NM_152756 
                 rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR 
               
               
                 RIMBP2 
                 NM_015347 
                 RIM-binding protein 2 
               
               
                 RIMS3 
                 NM_014747 
                 regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 3 
               
               
                 RIN2 
                 NM_018993 
                 RAB5 interacting protein 2 
               
               
                 RIN3 
                 NM_024832 
                 Ras and Rab interactor 3 
               
               
                 RIPK5 
                 NM_015375 
                 receptor interacting protein kinase 5 isoform 1 
               
               
                 RKHD2 
                 NM_016626 
                 ring finger and KH domain containing 2 
               
               
                 RLN2 
                 NM_005059 
                 relaxin 2 isoform 2 
               
               
                 RMND5A 
                 NM_022780 
                 hypothetical protein LOC64795 
               
               
                 RNASE7 
                 NM_032572 
                 ribonuclease 7 
               
               
                 RND2 
                 NM_005440 
                 Rho family GTPase 2 
               
               
                 RNF10 
                 NM_014868 
                 ring finger protein 10 
               
               
                 RNF11 
                 NM_014372 
                 ring finger protein 11 
               
               
                 RNF121 
                 NM_018320 
                 ring finger protein 121 isoform 1 
               
               
                 RNF125 
                 NM_017831 
                 ring finger protein 125 
               
               
                 RNF135 
                 NM_197939 
                 ring finger protein 135 isoform 2 
               
               
                 RNF138 
                 NM_016271 
                 ring finger protein 138 isoform 1 
               
               
                 RNF144 
                 NM_014746 
                 ring finger protein 144 
               
               
                 RNF165 
                 NM_152470 
                 ring finger protein 165 
               
               
                 RNF185 
                 NM_152267 
                 ring finger protein 185 
               
               
                 RNF2 
                 NM_007212 
                 ring finger protein 2 
               
               
                 RNF24 
                 NM_007219 
                 ring finger protein 24 
               
               
                 RNF26 
                 NM_032015 
                 ring finger protein 26 
               
               
                 RNF4 
                 NM_002938 
                 ring finger protein 4 
               
               
                 RNF40 
                 NM_014771 
                 ring finger protein 40 
               
               
                 RNF6 
                 NM_005977 
                 ring finger protein 6 isoform 1 
               
               
                 RNF8 
                 NM_003958 
                 ring finger protein 8 isoform 1 
               
               
                 RNGTT 
                 NM_003800 
                 RNA guanylyltransferase and 5′-phosphatase 
               
               
                 RNMT 
                 NM_003799 
                 RNA (guanine-7-) methyltransferase 
               
               
                 RNPC2 
                 NM_004902 
                 RNA-binding region containing protein 2 isoform 
               
               
                 ROBO4 
                 NM_019055 
                 roundabout homolog 4, magic roundabout 
               
               
                 ROD1 
                 NM_005156 
                 ROD1 regulator of differentiation 1 
               
               
                 RORC 
                 NM_001001523 
                 RAR-related orphan receptor C isoform b 
               
               
                 RP11-19J3.3 
                 NM_001012267 
                 hypothetical protein LOC401541 
               
               
                 RP11-311P8.3 
                 NM_145052 
                 hypothetical protein LOC139596 
               
               
                 RP13-15M17.2 
                 NM_001010866 
                 hypothetical protein LOC199953 
               
               
                 RPA1 
                 NM_002945 
                 replication protein A1, 70 kDa 
               
               
                 RPL28 
                 NM_000991 
                 ribosomal protein L28 
               
               
                 RPL32 
                 NM_000994 
                 ribosomal protein L32 
               
               
                 RPL34 
                 NM_000995 
                 ribosomal protein L34 
               
               
                 RPL37 
                 NM_000997 
                 ribosomal protein L37 
               
               
                 RPL7L1 
                 NM_198486 
                 ribosomal protein L7-like 1 
               
               
                 RPLP2 
                 NM_001004 
                 ribosomal protein P2 
               
               
                 RPP25 
                 NM_017793 
                 ribonuclease P 25 kDa subunit 
               
               
                 RPS27 
                 NM_001030 
                 ribosomal protein S27 
               
               
                 RPS6KA3 
                 NM_004586 
                 ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90 kDa, polypeptide 
               
               
                 RRAS2 
                 NM_012250 
                 related RAS viral (r-ras) oncogene homolog 2 
               
               
                 RRH 
                 NM_006583 
                 peropsin 
               
               
                 RRM2 
                 NM_001034 
                 ribonucleotide reductase M2 polypeptide 
               
               
                 RRM2B 
                 NM_015713 
                 ribonucleotide reductase M2 B (TP53 inducible) 
               
               
                 RRP22 
                 NM_001007279 
                 RAS-related on chromosome 22 isoform b 
               
               
                 RS1 
                 NM_000330 
                 X-linked juvenile retinoschisis protein 
               
               
                 RSAD1 
                 NM_018346 
                 radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 
               
               
                 RTEL1 
                 NM_032957 
                 regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 
               
               
                 RTF1 
                 NM_015138 
                 Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component 
               
               
                 RTN2 
                 NM_206902 
                 reticulon 2 isoform D 
               
               
                 RTN4RL1 
                 NM_178568 
                 reticulon 4 receptor-like 1 
               
               
                 RUNDC1 
                 NM_173079 
                 RUN domain containing 1 
               
               
                 RUNX3 
                 NM_001031680 
                 runt-related transcription factor 3 isoform 1 
               
               
                 RWDD4A 
                 NM_152682 
                 RWD domain containing 4A 
               
               
                 S100A11 
                 NM_005620 
                 S100 calcium binding protein A11 (calgizzarin) 
               
               
                 S100A14 
                 NM_020672 
                 S100 calcium binding protein A14 
               
               
                 S100A7L1 
                 NM_176823 
                 S100 calcium binding protein A7-like 1 
               
               
                 S100PBP 
                 NM_022753 
                 S100P binding protein Riken isoform a 
               
               
                 SALL4 
                 NM_020436 
                 sal-like 4 
               
               
                 SAMD13 
                 NM_001010971 
                 dnaj-like protein 
               
               
                 SAP130 
                 NM_024545 
                 mSin3A-associated protein 130 
               
               
                 SAP30BP 
                 NM_013260 
                 transcriptional regulator protein 
               
               
                 SARM1 
                 NM_015077 
                 sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1 
               
               
                 SART1 
                 NM_005146 
                 squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T 
               
               
                 SASH1 
                 NM_015278 
                 SAM and SH3 domain containing 1 
               
               
                 SATL1 
                 NM_001012980 
                 spermidine/spermine N1-acetyl transferase-like 
               
               
                 SAV1 
                 NM_021818 
                 WW45 protein 
               
               
                 SC65 
                 NM_006455 
                 synaptonemal complex protein SC65 
               
               
                 SCAMP1 
                 NM_004866 
                 secretory carrier membrane protein 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 SCAMP4 
                 NM_079834 
                 secretory carrier membrane protein 4 
               
               
                 SCAMP5 
                 NM_138967 
                 secretory carrier membrane protein 5 
               
               
                 SCAND2 
                 NM_022050 
                 SCAN domain-containing protein 2 isoform 1 
               
               
                 SCAP2 
                 NM_003930 
                 src family associated phosphoprotein 2 
               
               
                 SCC-112 
                 NM_015200 
                 SCC-112 protein 
               
               
                 SCG3 
                 NM_013243 
                 secretogranin III 
               
               
                 SCML1 
                 NM_006746 
                 sex comb on midleg-like 1 isoform b 
               
               
                 SCML4 
                 NM_198081 
                 sex comb on midleg-like 4 
               
               
                 SCN11A 
                 NM_014139 
                 sodium channel, voltage-gated, type XI, alpha 
               
               
                 SCN2B 
                 NM_004588 
                 sodium channel, voltage-gated, type II, beta 
               
               
                 SCN4A 
                 NM_000334 
                 voltage-gated sodium channel type 4 alpha 
               
               
                 SCN4B 
                 NM_174934 
                 sodium channel, voltage-gated, type IV, beta 
               
               
                 SCOC 
                 NM_032547 
                 short coiled-coil protein 
               
               
                 SCRT1 
                 NM_031309 
                 scratch 
               
               
                 SCYL1 
                 NM_020680 
                 SCY1-like 1 
               
               
                 SDF4 
                 NM_016176 
                 calcium binding protein Cab45 precursor 
               
               
                 SDS 
                 NM_006843 
                 serine dehydratase 
               
               
                 SEC14L1 
                 NM_003003 
                 SEC14 ( S. cerevisiae )-like 1 isoform a 
               
               
                 SEC14L4 
                 NM_174977 
                 SEC14p-like protein TAP3 
               
               
                 SEL1L 
                 NM_005065 
                 sel-1 suppressor of lin-12-like 
               
               
                 SELI 
                 NM_033505 
                 selenoprotein I 
               
               
                 SELL 
                 NM_000655 
                 selectin L 
               
               
                 SELP 
                 NM_003005 
                 selectin P precursor 
               
               
                 SELT 
                 NM_016275 
                 selenoprotein T 
               
               
                 SEMA3E 
                 NM_012431 
                 semaphorin 3E 
               
               
                 SEMA3G 
                 NM_020163 
                 semaphorin sem2 
               
               
                 SEMA4F 
                 NM_004263 
                 semaphorin W 
               
               
                 SEMA5A 
                 NM_003966 
                 semaphorin 5A 
               
               
                 SEMA7A 
                 NM_003612 
                 semaphorin 7A 
               
               
                 SEPT10 
                 NM_144710 
                 septin 10 isoform 1 
               
               
                 SEPT11 
                 NM_018243 
                 septin 11 
               
               
                 SEPT3 
                 NM_019106 
                 septin 3 isoform B 
               
               
                 SEPT4 
                 NM_080417 
                 septin 4 isoform 4 
               
               
                 SEPT6 
                 NM_145799 
                 septin 6 isoform A 
               
               
                 SEPT9 
                 NM_006640 
                 septin 9 
               
               
                 SEPX1 
                 NM_016332 
                 selenoprotein X, 1 
               
               
                 SERF1A 
                 NM_021967 
                 small EDRK-rich factor 1A, telomeric 
               
               
                 SERF1B 
                 NM_022978 
                 small EDRK-rich factor 1B, centromeric 
               
               
                 SERPINB13 
                 NM_012397 
                 serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade 
               
               
                 SERPINB8 
                 NM_002640 
                 serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade 
               
               
                 SERPINC1 
                 NM_000488 
                 serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade 
               
               
                 SERPINE1 
                 NM_000602 
                 plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 
               
               
                 SETD1A 
                 NM_014712 
                 SET domain containing 1A 
               
               
                 SF1 
                 NM_004630 
                 splicing factor 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 SF3A1 
                 NM_001005409 
                 splicing factor 3a, subunit 1, 120 kDa isoform 2 
               
               
                 SF3A3 
                 NM_006802 
                 splicing factor 3a, subunit 3 
               
               
                 SF4 
                 NM_182812 
                 splicing factor 4 isoform c 
               
               
                 SFMBT1 
                 NM_001005158 
                 Scm-like with four mbt domains 1 
               
               
                 SFMBT2 
                 NM_001029880 
                 Scm-like with four mbt domains 2 
               
               
                 SFRP4 
                 NM_003014 
                 secreted frizzled-related protein 4 
               
               
                 SFRS11 
                 NM_004768 
                 splicing factor p54 
               
               
                 SFRS14 
                 NM_001017392 
                 splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 14 
               
               
                 SFTPB 
                 NM_198843 
                 surfactant, pulmonary-associated protein B 
               
               
                 SFXN1 
                 NM_022754 
                 sideroflexin 1 
               
               
                 SFXN5 
                 NM_144579 
                 sideroflexin 5 
               
               
                 SGCB 
                 NM_000232 
                 sarcoglycan, beta (43 kDa dystrophin-associated 
               
               
                 SGEF 
                 NM_015595 
                 Src homology 3 domain-containing guanine 
               
               
                 SGK2 
                 NM_016276 
                 serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 2 isoform 
               
               
                 SGK3 
                 NM_001033578 
                 serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 3 isoform 
               
               
                 SH2BP1 
                 NM_014633 
                 SH2 domain binding protein 1 
               
               
                 SH2D3A 
                 NM_005490 
                 SH2 domain containing 3A 
               
               
                 SH2D3C 
                 NM_170600 
                 SH2 domain containing 3C isoform 2 
               
               
                 SH2D4A 
                 NM_022071 
                 SH2 domain containing 4A 
               
               
                 SH2D4B 
                 NM_207372 
                 SH2 domain containing 4B 
               
               
                 SH3BGRL2 
                 NM_031469 
                 SH3 domain binding glutamic acid-rich protein 
               
               
                 SH3BP2 
                 NM_003023 
                 SH3-domain binding protein 2 
               
               
                 SH3GL2 
                 NM_003026 
                 SH3-domain GRB2-like 2 
               
               
                 SH3PX3 
                 NM_153271 
                 SH3 and PX domain containing 3 
               
               
                 SH3PXD2A 
                 NM_014631 
                 SH3 multiple domains 1 
               
               
                 SH3PXD2B 
                 NM_001017995 
                 SH3 and PX domains 2B 
               
               
                 SHANK2 
                 NM_012309 
                 SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 2 
               
               
                 SHE 
                 NM_001010846 
                 Src homology 2 domain containing E 
               
               
                 SIDT1 
                 NM_017699 
                 SID1 transmembrane family, member 1 
               
               
                 SIGLEC11 
                 NM_052884 
                 sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 11 
               
               
                 SIGLEC6 
                 NM_198846 
                 sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 6 isoform 3 
               
               
                 SIPA1L3 
                 NM_015073 
                 signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 like 
               
               
                 SIRPA 
                 NM_080792 
                 signal-regulatory protein alpha precursor 
               
               
                 SIRPB1 
                 NM_006065 
                 signal-regulatory protein beta 1 precursor 
               
               
                 SIRPG 
                 NM_018556 
                 signal-regulatory protein gamma isoform 1 
               
               
                 SIRT2 
                 NM_012237 
                 sirtuin 2 isoform 1 
               
               
                 SIRT5 
                 NM_031244 
                 sirtuin 5 isoform 2 
               
               
                 SIT1 
                 NM_014450 
                 SHP2-interacting transmembrane adaptor protein 
               
               
                 SITPEC 
                 NM_016581 
                 evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate 
               
               
                 SIX4 
                 NM_017420 
                 sine oculis homeobox homolog 4 
               
               
                 SKIP 
                 NM_016532 
                 skeletal muscle and kidney enriched inositol 
               
               
                 SLAMF7 
                 NM_021181 
                 SLAM family member 7 
               
               
                 SLC12A5 
                 NM_020708 
                 solute carrier family 12 member 5 
               
               
                 SLC13A5 
                 NM_177550 
                 solute carrier family 13 (sodium-dependent 
               
               
                 SLC14A2 
                 NM_007163 
                 solute carrier family 14 (urea transporter), 
               
               
                 SLC15A4 
                 NM_145648 
                 solute carrier family 15, member 4 
               
               
                 SLC16A12 
                 NM_213606 
                 solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid 
               
               
                 SLC16A14 
                 NM_152527 
                 solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid 
               
               
                 SLC16A2 
                 NM_006517 
                 solute carrier family 16, member 2 
               
               
                 SLC17A5 
                 NM_012434 
                 solute carrier family 17 (anion/sugar 
               
               
                 SLC17A6 
                 NM_020346 
                 differentiation-associated Na-dependent 
               
               
                 SLC17A7 
                 NM_020309 
                 solute carrier family 17, member 7 
               
               
                 SLC1A1 
                 NM_004170 
                 solute carrier family 1, member 1 
               
               
                 SLC1A2 
                 NM_004171 
                 solute carrier family 1, member 2 
               
               
                 SLC1A3 
                 NM_004172 
                 solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity 
               
               
                 SLC22A15 
                 NM_018420 
                 solute carrier family 22 (organic cation 
               
               
                 SLC22A16 
                 NM_033125 
                 solute carrier family 22, member 16 
               
               
                 SLC22A3 
                 NM_021977 
                 solute carrier family 22 member 3 
               
               
                 SLC22A7 
                 NM_006672 
                 solute carrier family 22 member 7 isoform a 
               
               
                 SLC24A1 
                 NM_004727 
                 solute carrier family 24 
               
               
                 SLC24A4 
                 NM_153646 
                 solute carrier family 24 member 4 isoform 1 
               
               
                 SLC25A13 
                 NM_014251 
                 solute carrier family 25, member 13 (citrin) 
               
               
                 SLC25A15 
                 NM_014252 
                 solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; 
               
               
                 SLC25A23 
                 NM_024103 
                 solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; 
               
               
                 SLC25A25 
                 NM_001006641 
                 solute carrier family 25, member 25 isoform b 
               
               
                 SLC25A3 
                 NM_213612 
                 solute carrier family 25 member 3 isoform c 
               
               
                 SLC26A2 
                 NM_000112 
                 solute carrier family 26 member 2 
               
               
                 SLC26A4 
                 NM_000441 
                 pendrin 
               
               
                 SLC26A8 
                 NM_052961 
                 solute carrier family 26, member 8 isoform a 
               
               
                 SLC27A1 
                 NM_198580 
                 solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid 
               
               
                 SLC27A4 
                 NM_005094 
                 solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid 
               
               
                 SLC2A3 
                 NM_006931 
                 solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose 
               
               
                 SLC2A5 
                 NM_003039 
                 solute carrier family 2 (facilitated 
               
               
                 SLC30A3 
                 NM_003459 
                 solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), 
               
               
                 SLC30A8 
                 NM_173851 
                 solute carrier family 30 member 8 
               
               
                 SLC30A9 
                 NM_006345 
                 solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), 
               
               
                 SLC31A1 
                 NM_001859 
                 solute carrier family 31 (copper transporters), 
               
               
                 SLC31A2 
                 NM_001860 
                 solute carrier family 31 (copper transporters), 
               
               
                 SLC35A4 
                 NM_080670 
                 solute carrier family 35, member A4 
               
               
                 SLC35A5 
                 NM_017945 
                 solute carrier family 35, member A5 
               
               
                 SLC35B1 
                 NM_005827 
                 solute carrier family 35, member B1 
               
               
                 SLC35B4 
                 NM_032826 
                 solute carrier family 35, member B4 
               
               
                 SLC35D2 
                 NM_007001 
                 solute carrier family 35, member D2 
               
               
                 SLC35E1 
                 NM_024881 
                 solute carrier family 35, member E1 
               
               
                 SLC35F1 
                 NM_001029858 
                 solute carrier family 35, member F1 
               
               
                 SLC35F5 
                 NM_025181 
                 solute carrier family 35, member F5 
               
               
                 SLC36A1 
                 NM_078483 
                 solute carrier family 36 member 1 
               
               
                 SLC37A2 
                 NM_198277 
                 solute carrier family 37 (glycerol-3-phosphate 
               
               
                 SLC38A2 
                 NM_018976 
                 solute carrier family 38, member 2 
               
               
                 SLC38A3 
                 NM_006841 
                 solute carrier family 38, member 3 
               
               
                 SLC39A10 
                 NM_020342 
                 solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), 
               
               
                 SLC39A11 
                 NM_139177 
                 solute carrier family 39 (metal ion 
               
               
                 SLC39A3 
                 NM_213568 
                 solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), 
               
               
                 SLC41A1 
                 NM_173854 
                 solute carrier family 41 member 1 
               
               
                 SLC45A3 
                 NM_033102 
                 prostein 
               
               
                 SLC5A6 
                 NM_021095 
                 solute carrier family 5 (sodium-dependent 
               
               
                 SLC5A8 
                 NM_145913 
                 solute carrier family 5 (iodide transporter), 
               
               
                 SLC6A1 
                 NM_003042 
                 solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter 
               
               
                 SLC6A20 
                 NM_020208 
                 solute carrier family 6, member 20 isoform 1 
               
               
                 SLC6A6 
                 NM_003043 
                 solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter 
               
               
                 SLC6A7 
                 NM_014228 
                 solute carrier family 6, member 7 
               
               
                 SLC7A5 
                 NM_003486 
                 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid 
               
               
                 SLC7A6 
                 NM_003983 
                 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid 
               
               
                 SLC8A2 
                 NM_015063 
                 solute carrier family 8 member 2 
               
               
                 SLC8A3 
                 NM_033262 
                 solute carrier family 8 member 3 isoform A 
               
               
                 SLC9A1 
                 NM_003047 
                 solute carrier family 9, isoform A1 
               
               
                 SLC9A5 
                 NM_004594 
                 solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen 
               
               
                 SLC9A8 
                 NM_015266 
                 Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 8 
               
               
                 SLCO2A1 
                 NM_005630 
                 solute carrier organic anion transporter family, 
               
               
                 SLCO2B1 
                 NM_007256 
                 solute carrier organic anion transporter family, 
               
               
                 SLFN13 
                 NM_144682 
                 schlafen family member 13 
               
               
                 SLFN5 
                 NM_144975 
                 schlafen family member 5 
               
               
                 SLFNL1 
                 NM_144990 
                 hypothetical protein LOC200172 
               
               
                 SLITRK3 
                 NM_014926 
                 slit and trk like 3 protein 
               
               
                 SMA4 
                 NM_021652 
                 SMA4 
               
               
                 SMAD2 
                 NM_001003652 
                 Sma- and Mad-related protein 2 
               
               
                 SMAD3 
                 NM_005902 
                 MAD, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 
               
               
                 SMARCB1 
                 NM_001007468 
                 SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin 
               
               
                 SMARCD2 
                 NM_003077 
                 SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated 
               
               
                 SMC1L1 
                 NM_006306 
                 SMC1 structural maintenance of chromosomes 
               
               
                 SMC2L1 
                 NM_006444 
                 structural maintenance of chromosomes 2-like 1 
               
               
                 SMCR7 
                 NM_139162 
                 Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosome region, 
               
               
                 SMG7 
                 NM_014837 
                 SMG-7 homolog isoform 3 
               
               
                 SMNDC1 
                 NM_005871 
                 survival motor neuron domain containing 1 
               
               
                 SMO 
                 NM_005631 
                 smoothened 
               
               
                 SMPD3 
                 NM_018667 
                 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, neutral 
               
               
                 SMURF1 
                 NM_020429 
                 Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 isoform 
               
               
                 SMYD4 
                 NM_052928 
                 SET and MYND domain containing 4 
               
               
                 SNF1LK2 
                 NM_015191 
                 SNF1-like kinase 2 
               
               
                 SNIP 
                 NM_025248 
                 SNAP25-interacting protein 
               
               
                 SNPH 
                 NM_014723 
                 syntaphilin 
               
               
                 SNRPN 
                 NM_003097 
                 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N 
               
               
                 SNTB2 
                 NM_130845 
                 basic beta 2 syntrophin isoform b 
               
               
                 SNURF 
                 NM_005678 
                 SNRPN upstream reading frame protein 
               
               
                 SNX11 
                 NM_013323 
                 sorting nexin 11 
               
               
                 SNX13 
                 NM_015132 
                 sorting nexin 13 
               
               
                 SNX27 
                 NM_030918 
                 sorting nexin family member 27 
               
               
                 SOHLH2 
                 NM_017826 
                 hypothetical protein LOC54937 
               
               
                 SON 
                 NM_003103 
                 SON DNA-binding protein isoform G 
               
               
                 SORBS1 
                 NM_015385 
                 sorbin and SH3 domain containing 1 isoform 2 
               
               
                 SORCS1 
                 NM_001013031 
                 SORCS receptor 1 isoform b 
               
               
                 SORCS2 
                 NM_020777 
                 VPS10 domain receptor protein SORCS 2 
               
               
                 SOST 
                 NM_025237 
                 sclerostin precursor 
               
               
                 SOX1 
                 NM_005986 
                 SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 1 
               
               
                 SOX13 
                 NM_005686 
                 SRY-box 13 
               
               
                 SOX8 
                 NM_014587 
                 SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 8 
               
               
                 SP1 
                 NM_138473 
                 Sp1 transcription factor 
               
               
                 SP4 
                 NM_003112 
                 Sp4 transcription factor 
               
               
                 SP6 
                 NM_199262 
                 Sp6 transcription factor 
               
               
                 SP7 
                 NM_152860 
                 osterix 
               
               
                 SPACA4 
                 NM_133498 
                 sperm acrosomal membrane protein 14 
               
               
                 SPAG16 
                 NM_001025436 
                 sperm associated antigen 16 isoform 2 
               
               
                 SPANXA1 
                 NM_013453 
                 sperm protein associated with the nucleus, X 
               
               
                 SPANXA2 
                 NM_145662 
                 sperm protein associated with the nucleus, X 
               
               
                 SPANXC 
                 NM_022661 
                 sperm protein associated with the nucleus, X 
               
               
                 SPANXD 
                 NM_032417 
                 sperm protein associated with the nucleus, X 
               
               
                 SPANXE 
                 NM_145665 
                 sperm protein associated with the nucleus, X 
               
               
                 SPATA12 
                 NM_181727 
                 spermatogenesis associated 12 
               
               
                 SPATA18 
                 NM_145263 
                 spermatogenesis associated 18 homolog 
               
               
                 SPATA2 
                 NM_006038 
                 spermatogenesis associated 2 
               
               
                 SPECC1 
                 NM_001033554 
                 spectrin domain with coiled-coils 1 NSP5a3a 
               
               
                 SPG21 
                 NM_016630 
                 acid cluster protein 33 
               
               
                 SPIB 
                 NM_003121 
                 Spi-B transcription factor (Spi-1/PU.1 related) 
               
               
                 SPINLW1 
                 NM_020398 
                 serine peptidase inhibitor-like, with Kunitz and 
               
               
                 SPIRE1 
                 NM_020148 
                 spire homolog 1 
               
               
                 SPN 
                 NM_001030288 
                 sialophorin 
               
               
                 SPOCK1 
                 NM_004598 
                 sparc/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domains 
               
               
                 SPOCK2 
                 NM_014767 
                 sparc/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domains 
               
               
                 SPRN 
                 NM_001012508 
                 shadow of prion protein 
               
               
                 SPRY3 
                 NM_005840 
                 sprouty homolog 3 
               
               
                 SPRYD3 
                 NM_032840 
                 hypothetical protein LOC84926 
               
               
                 SPTB 
                 NM_001024858 
                 spectrin beta isoform a 
               
               
                 SPTBN2 
                 NM_006946 
                 spectrin, beta, non-erythrocytic 2 
               
               
                 SPTLC2 
                 NM_004863 
                 serine palmitoyltransferase, long chain base 
               
               
                 SPTY2D1 
                 NM_194285 
                 hypothetical protein LOC144108 
               
               
                 SRD5A1 
                 NM_001047 
                 steroid-5-alpha-reductase 1 
               
               
                 SRD5A2L2 
                 NM_001010874 
                 steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2-like 2 
               
               
                 SRGAP2 
                 NM_015326 
                 SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 2 
               
               
                 SRM 
                 NM_003132 
                 spermidine synthase 
               
               
                 SRP72 
                 NM_006947 
                 signal recognition particle 72 kDa 
               
               
                 SS18L1 
                 NM_015558 
                 SS18-like protein 1 
               
               
                 SSBP3 
                 NM_001009955 
                 single stranded DNA binding protein 3 isoform c 
               
               
                 SSH2 
                 NM_033389 
                 slingshot 2 
               
               
                 SSR3 
                 NM_007107 
                 signal sequence receptor gamma subunit 
               
               
                 SSTR1 
                 NM_001049 
                 somatostatin receptor 1 
               
               
                 SSX1 
                 NM_005635 
                 synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint 1 
               
               
                 SSX8 
                 NM_174961 
                 synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint 8 
               
               
                 ST6GAL1 
                 NM_003032 
                 sialyltransferase 1 isoform a 
               
               
                 ST6GALNAC4 
                 NM_175040 
                 sialyltransferase 7D isoform b 
               
               
                 ST7L 
                 NM_017744 
                 suppression of tumorigenicity 7-like isoform 1 
               
               
                 ST8SIA2 
                 NM_006011 
                 ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide 
               
               
                 ST8SIA4 
                 NM_005668 
                 ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide 
               
               
                 STAB2 
                 NM_017564 
                 stabilin 2 precursor 
               
               
                 STAC 
                 NM_003149 
                 SH3 and cysteine rich domain 
               
               
                 STAR 
                 NM_000349 
                 steroidogenic acute regulator isoform 1 
               
               
                 STARD13 
                 NM_052851 
                 START domain containing 13 isoform gamma 
               
               
                 STARD4 
                 NM_139164 
                 START domain containing 4, sterol regulated 
               
               
                 STARD5 
                 NM_030574 
                 StAR-related lipid transfer protein 5 isoform 2 
               
               
                 STAT5A 
                 NM_003152 
                 signal transducer and activator of transcription 
               
               
                 STAU2 
                 NM_014393 
                 staufen homolog 2 
               
               
                 STCH 
                 NM_006948 
                 stress 70 protein chaperone, 
               
               
                 STEAP3 
                 NM_001008410 
                 dudulin 2 isoform b 
               
               
                 STIP1 
                 NM_006819 
                 stress-induced-phosphoprotein 1 
               
               
                 STK10 
                 NM_005990 
                 serine/threonine kinase 10 
               
               
                 STK16 
                 NM_001008910 
                 serine/threonine kinase 16 
               
               
                 STK32B 
                 NM_018401 
                 serine/threonine kinase 32B 
               
               
                 STK35 
                 NM_080836 
                 serine/threonine kinase 35 
               
               
                 STK4 
                 NM_006282 
                 serine/threonine kinase 4 
               
               
                 STMN3 
                 NM_015894 
                 SCG10-like-protein 
               
               
                 STON1 
                 NM_006873 
                 stonin 1 
               
               
                 STOX2 
                 NM_020225 
                 storkhead box 2 
               
               
                 STRN 
                 NM_003162 
                 striatin, calmodulin binding protein 
               
               
                 STRN3 
                 NM_014574 
                 nuclear autoantigen 
               
               
                 STS 
                 NM_000351 
                 steryl-sulfatase precursor 
               
               
                 STX17 
                 NM_017919 
                 syntaxin 17 
               
               
                 STXBP1 
                 NM_001032221 
                 syntaxin binding protein 1 isoform b 
               
               
                 STXBP5 
                 NM_139244 
                 tomosyn 
               
               
                 SUFU 
                 NM_016169 
                 suppressor of fused 
               
               
                 SUHW1 
                 NM_080740 
                 suppressor of hairy wing homolog 1 
               
               
                 SULT1A3 
                 NM_001017387 
                 sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, 
               
               
                 SULT1A4 
                 NM_001017389 
                 sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, 
               
               
                 SULT1E1 
                 NM_005420 
                 sulfotransferase, estrogen-preferring 
               
               
                 SULT2A1 
                 NM_003167 
                 sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 2A, 
               
               
                 SUMO3 
                 NM_006936 
                 small ubiquitin-like modifier protein 3 
               
               
                 SURB7 
                 NM_004264 
                 SRB7 suppressor of RNA polymerase B homolog 
               
               
                 SURF4 
                 NM_033161 
                 surfeit 4 
               
               
                 SURF5 
                 NM_133640 
                 surfeit 5 isoform b 
               
               
                 SUSD2 
                 NM_019601 
                 sushi domain containing 2 
               
               
                 SUSD4 
                 NM_017982 
                 sushi domain containing 4 isoform a 
               
               
                 SUV420H1 
                 NM_016028 
                 suppressor of variegation 4-20 homolog 1 isoform 
               
               
                 SV2A 
                 NM_014849 
                 synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 
               
               
                 SV2B 
                 NM_014848 
                 synaptic vesicle protein 2B homolog 
               
               
                 SVOP 
                 NM_018711 
                 SV2 related protein 
               
               
                 SWAP70 
                 NM_015055 
                 SWAP-70 protein 
               
               
                 SYBL1 
                 NM_005638 
                 synaptobrevin-like 1 
               
               
                 SYN2 
                 NM_003178 
                 synapsin II isoform IIb 
               
               
                 SYN3 
                 NM_133632 
                 synapsin III isoform IIIb 
               
               
                 SYNGR1 
                 NM_004711 
                 synaptogyrin 1 isoform 1a 
               
               
                 SYNJ2 
                 NM_003898 
                 synaptojanin 2 
               
               
                 SYNJ2BP 
                 NM_018373 
                 synaptojanin 2 binding protein 
               
               
                 SYT10 
                 NM_198992 
                 synaptotagmin 10 
               
               
                 SYT11 
                 NM_152280 
                 synaptotagmin 12 
               
               
                 SYT3 
                 NM_032298 
                 synaptotagmin 3 
               
               
                 SYT6 
                 NM_205848 
                 synaptotagmin VI 
               
               
                 SYT7 
                 NM_004200 
                 synaptotagmin VII 
               
               
                 SYT9 
                 NM_175733 
                 synaptotagmin IX 
               
               
                 TACC1 
                 NM_006283 
                 transforming, acidic coiled-coil containing 
               
               
                 TACSTD2 
                 NM_002353 
                 tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 
               
               
                 TADA3L 
                 NM_133480 
                 transcriptional adaptor 3-like isoform b 
               
               
                 TAF12 
                 NM_005644 
                 TAF12 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding 
               
               
                 TAF1L 
                 NM_153809 
                 TBP-associated factor RNA polymerase 1-like 
               
               
                 TAOK2 
                 NM_004783 
                 TAO kinase 2 isoform 1 
               
               
                 TAPBP 
                 NM_003190 
                 tapasin isoform 1 precursor 
               
               
                 TARDBP 
                 NM_007375 
                 TAR DNA binding protein 
               
               
                 TATDN2 
                 NM_014760 
                 TatD DNase domain containing 2 
               
               
                 TAZ 
                 NM_181314 
                 tafazzin isoform 5 
               
               
                 TBC1D1 
                 NM_015173 
                 TBC1 (tre-2/USP6, BUB2, cdc16) domain family, 
               
               
                 TBC1D10B 
                 NM_015527 
                 TBC1 domain family, member 10B 
               
               
                 TBC1D14 
                 NM_020773 
                 TBC1 domain family, member 14 
               
               
                 TBC1D20 
                 NM_144628 
                 TBC1 domain family, member 20 
               
               
                 TBC1D22A 
                 NM_014346 
                 TBC1 domain family, member 22A 
               
               
                 TBC1D22B 
                 NM_017772 
                 TBC1 domain family, member 22B 
               
               
                 TBC1D2B 
                 NM_015079 
                 TBC1 domain family, member 2B 
               
               
                 TBL1X 
                 NM_005647 
                 transducin beta-like 1X 
               
               
                 TBX21 
                 NM_013351 
                 T-box 21 
               
               
                 TBX3 
                 NM_005996 
                 T-box 3 protein isoform 1 
               
               
                 TCEAL7 
                 NM_152278 
                 hypothetical protein LOC56849 
               
               
                 TCF15 
                 NM_004609 
                 basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 15 
               
               
                 TCF20 
                 NM_005650 
                 transcription factor 20 isoform 1 
               
               
                 TCF21 
                 NM_198392 
                 transcription factor 21 
               
               
                 TCF7 
                 NM_003202 
                 transcription factor 7 (T-cell specific, 
               
               
                 TCHHL1 
                 NM_001008536 
                 trichohyalin-like 1 
               
               
                 TCHP 
                 NM_032300 
                 trichoplein 
               
               
                 TCN2 
                 NM_000355 
                 transcobalamin II precursor 
               
               
                 TCP10 
                 NM_004610 
                 t-complex 10 
               
               
                 TCTA 
                 NM_022171 
                 T-cell leukemia translocation altered gene 
               
               
                 TEAD1 
                 NM_021961 
                 TEA domain family member 1 
               
               
                 TEAD3 
                 NM_003214 
                 TEA domain family member 3 
               
               
                 TERT 
                 NM_198253 
                 telomerase reverse transcriptase isoform 3 
               
               
                 TEX2 
                 NM_018469 
                 testis expressed sequence 2 
               
               
                 TEX261 
                 NM_144582 
                 testis expressed sequence 261 
               
               
                 TFAP2B 
                 NM_003221 
                 transcription factor AP-2 beta (activating 
               
               
                 TFF3 
                 NM_003226 
                 trefoil factor 3 precursor 
               
               
                 TGIF2 
                 NM_021809 
                 TGFB-induced factor 2 
               
               
                 TGM2 
                 NM_004613 
                 transglutaminase 2 isoform a 
               
               
                 THADA 
                 NM_198554 
                 thyroid adenoma associated isoform 2 
               
               
                 THAP6 
                 NM_144721 
                 THAP domain containing 6 
               
               
                 THBS1 
                 NM_003246 
                 thrombospondin 1 precursor 
               
               
                 THEDC1 
                 NM_018324 
                 thioesterase domain containing 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 THEM4 
                 NM_053055 
                 thioesterase superfamily member 4 isoform a 
               
               
                 THEM5 
                 NM_182578 
                 thioesterase superfamily member 5 
               
               
                 THY1 
                 NM_006288 
                 Thy-1 cell surface antigen 
               
               
                 TIA1 
                 NM_022037 
                 TIA1 protein isoform 1 
               
               
                 TIGD5 
                 NM_032862 
                 tigger transposable element derived 5 
               
               
                 TIMM17A 
                 NM_006335 
                 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 17 
               
               
                 TK2 
                 NM_004614 
                 thymidine kinase 2, mitochondrial 
               
               
                 TKTL1 
                 NM_012253 
                 transketolase-like 1 
               
               
                 TKTL2 
                 NM_032136 
                 transketolase-like 2 
               
               
                 TLK2 
                 NM_006852 
                 tousled-like kinase 2 
               
               
                 TLN2 
                 NM_015059 
                 talin 2 
               
               
                 TLR10 
                 NM_001017388 
                 toll-like receptor 10 precursor 
               
               
                 TLX2 
                 NM_016170 
                 T-cell leukemia, homeobox 2 
               
               
                 TM2D2 
                 NM_001024380 
                 TM2 domain containing 2 isoform b 
               
               
                 TM4SF11 
                 NM_015993 
                 plasmolipin 
               
               
                 TM4SF20 
                 NM_024795 
                 transmembrane 4 L six family member 20 
               
               
                 TM7SF4 
                 NM_030788 
                 dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein 
               
               
                 TMBIM1 
                 NM_022152 
                 transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing 1 
               
               
                 TMC5 
                 NM_024780 
                 transmembrane channel-like 5 
               
               
                 TMCC3 
                 NM_020698 
                 transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 3 
               
               
                 TMED2 
                 NM_006815 
                 coated vesicle membrane protein 
               
               
                 TMEM1 
                 NM_001001723 
                 transmembrane protein 1 isoform b 
               
               
                 TMEM105 
                 NM_178520 
                 hypothetical protein LOC284186 
               
               
                 TMEM106A 
                 NM_145041 
                 hypothetical protein LOC113277 
               
               
                 TMEM113 
                 NM_025222 
                 hypothetical protein PRO2730 
               
               
                 TMEM116 
                 NM_138341 
                 hypothetical protein LOC89894 
               
               
                 TMEM119 
                 NM_181724 
                 hypothetical protein LOC338773 
               
               
                 TMEM12 
                 NM_152311 
                 transmembrane protein 12 
               
               
                 TMEM121 
                 NM_025268 
                 hole protein 
               
               
                 TMEM127 
                 NM_017849 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55654 
               
               
                 TMEM132D 
                 NM_133448 
                 hypothetical protein LOC121256 
               
               
                 TMEM134 
                 NM_025124 
                 hypothetical protein LOC80194 
               
               
                 TMEM140 
                 NM_018295 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55281 
               
               
                 TMEM148 
                 NM_153238 
                 hypothetical protein LOC197196 
               
               
                 TMEM16B 
                 NM_020373 
                 transmembrane protein 16B 
               
               
                 TMEM16F 
                 NM_001025356 
                 transmembrane protein 16F 
               
               
                 TMEM16G 
                 NM_001001891 
                 transmembrane protein 16G isoform NGEP long 
               
               
                 TMEM19 
                 NM_018279 
                 transmembrane protein 19 
               
               
                 TMEM29 
                 NM_014138 
                 hypothetical protein LOC29057 
               
               
                 TMEM30B 
                 NM_001017970 
                 transmembrane protein 30B 
               
               
                 TMEM33 
                 NM_018126 
                 transmembrane protein 33 
               
               
                 TMEM40 
                 NM_018306 
                 transmembrane protein 40 
               
               
                 TMEM41B 
                 NM_015012 
                 transmembrane protein 41B 
               
               
                 TMEM43 
                 NM_024334 
                 transmembrane protein 43 
               
               
                 TMEM53 
                 NM_024587 
                 transmembrane protein 53 
               
               
                 TMEM56 
                 NM_152487 
                 transmembrane protein 56 
               
               
                 TMEM58 
                 NM_198149 
                 transmembrane protein 58 
               
               
                 TMEM60 
                 NM_032936 
                 transmembrane protein 60 
               
               
                 TMEM63A 
                 NM_014698 
                 transmembrane protein 63A 
               
               
                 TMEM69 
                 NM_016486 
                 transmembrane protein 69 
               
               
                 TMEM80 
                 NM_174940 
                 hypothetical protein LOC283232 
               
               
                 TMEM97 
                 NM_014573 
                 hypothetical protein MAC30 
               
               
                 TMLHE 
                 NM_018196 
                 trimethyllysine hydroxylase, epsilon 
               
               
                 TMOD2 
                 NM_014548 
                 tropomodulin 2 (neuronal) 
               
               
                 TMPRSS11B 
                 NM_182502 
                 transmembrane protease, serine 11B 
               
               
                 TMPRSS3 
                 NM_024022 
                 transmembrane protease, serine 3 isoform 1 
               
               
                 TMPRSS4 
                 NM_019894 
                 transmembrane protease, serine 4 isoform 1 
               
               
                 TNFAIP1 
                 NM_021137 
                 tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 1 
               
               
                 TNFAIP8L1 
                 NM_152362 
                 tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 
               
               
                 TNFAIP8L3 
                 NM_207381 
                 tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 
               
               
                 TNFRSF10B 
                 NM_003842 
                 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, 
               
               
                 TNFRSF10C 
                 NM_003841 
                 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, 
               
               
                 TNFRSF10D 
                 NM_003840 
                 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, 
               
               
                 TNFRSF19 
                 NM_148957 
                 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, 
               
               
                 TNFRSF8 
                 NM_001243 
                 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, 
               
               
                 TNFSF10 
                 NM_003810 
                 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, 
               
               
                 TNFSF4 
                 NM_003326 
                 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, 
               
               
                 TNFSF9 
                 NM_003811 
                 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, 
               
               
                 TNIP3 
                 NM_024873 
                 hypothetical protein LOC79931 
               
               
                 TNNI1 
                 NM_003281 
                 troponin I, skeletal, slow 
               
               
                 TNP1 
                 NM_003284 
                 transition protein 1 (during histone to 
               
               
                 TNPO2 
                 NM_013433 
                 transportin 2 (importin 3, karyopherin beta 2b) 
               
               
                 TNRC15 
                 NM_015575 
                 trinucleotide repeat containing 15 
               
               
                 TNRC6B 
                 NM_001024843 
                 trinucleotide repeat containing 6B isoform 2 
               
               
                 TNS3 
                 NM_022748 
                 tensin-like SH2 domain containing 1 
               
               
                 TOB2 
                 NM_016272 
                 transducer of ERBB2, 2 
               
               
                 TOLLIP 
                 NM_019009 
                 toll interacting protein 
               
               
                 TOM1L2 
                 NM_001033551 
                 target of myb1-like 2 isoform 1 
               
               
                 TOMM40L 
                 NM_032174 
                 translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 
               
               
                 TOP2A 
                 NM_001067 
                 DNA topoisomerase II, alpha isozyme 
               
               
                 TOR2A 
                 NM_130459 
                 torsin family 2, member A 
               
               
                 TOR3A 
                 NM_022371 
                 torsin family 3, member A 
               
               
                 TP53 
                 NM_000546 
                 tumor protein p53 
               
               
                 TP53INP1 
                 NM_033285 
                 tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 1 
               
               
                 TP53RK 
                 NM_033550 
                 p53-related protein kinase 
               
               
                 TPD52L3 
                 NM_033516 
                 protein kinase NYD-SP25 isoform 1 
               
               
                 TPM3 
                 NM_153649 
                 tropomyosin 3 isoform 2 
               
               
                 TPM4 
                 NM_003290 
                 tropomyosin 4 
               
               
                 TPP1 
                 NM_000391 
                 tripeptidyl-peptidase I precursor 
               
               
                 TRAF7 
                 NM_032271 
                 ring finger and WD repeat domain 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 TRAIP 
                 NM_005879 
                 TRAF interacting protein 
               
               
                 TRAM2 
                 NM_012288 
                 translocation-associated membrane protein 2 
               
               
                 TRAPPC3 
                 NM_014408 
                 BET3 homolog 
               
               
                 TRIAD3 
                 NM_207111 
                 TRIAD3 protein isoform a 
               
               
                 TRIB3 
                 NM_021158 
                 tribbles 3 
               
               
                 TRIM10 
                 NM_006778 
                 tripartite motif-containing 10 isoform 1 
               
               
                 TRIM14 
                 NM_033220 
                 tripartite motif protein TRIM14 isoform alpha 
               
               
                 TRIM22 
                 NM_006074 
                 tripartite motif-containing 22 
               
               
                 TRIM24 
                 NM_003852 
                 transcriptional intermediary factor 1 alpha 
               
               
                 TRIM25 
                 NM_005082 
                 tripartite motif-containing 25 
               
               
                 TRIM26 
                 NM_003449 
                 tripartite motif-containing 26 
               
               
                 TRIM29 
                 NM_012101 
                 tripartite motif protein TRIM29 isoform alpha 
               
               
                 TRIM35 
                 NM_015066 
                 tripartite motif-containing 35 isoform 1 
               
               
                 TRIM37 
                 NM_015294 
                 tripartite motif-containing 37 protein 
               
               
                 TRIM44 
                 NM_017583 
                 DIPB protein 
               
               
                 TRIM5 
                 NM_033034 
                 tripartite motif protein TRIM5 isoform alpha 
               
               
                 TRIM52 
                 NM_032765 
                 hypothetical protein LOC84851 
               
               
                 TRIM55 
                 NM_033058 
                 ring finger protein 29 isoform 2 
               
               
                 TRIM56 
                 NM_030961 
                 tripartite motif-containing 56 
               
               
                 TRIM58 
                 NM_015431 
                 tripartite motif-containing 58 
               
               
                 TRIM62 
                 NM_018207 
                 tripartite motif-containing 62 
               
               
                 TRIM65 
                 NM_173547 
                 tripartite motif containing 65 
               
               
                 TRIM67 
                 NM_001004342 
                 hypothetical protein LOC440730 
               
               
                 TRIM73 
                 NM_198924 
                 hypothetical protein LOC375593 
               
               
                 TRIM74 
                 NM_198853 
                 hypothetical protein LOC378108 
               
               
                 TRIM9 
                 NM_052978 
                 tripartite motif protein 9 isoform 2 
               
               
                 TRIO 
                 NM_007118 
                 triple functional domain (PTPRF interacting) 
               
               
                 TRIT1 
                 NM_017646 
                 tRNA isopentenyltransferase 1 
               
               
                 TRMT5 
                 NM_020810 
                 tRNA-(N1G37) methyltransferase 
               
               
                 TRPC5 
                 NM_012471 
                 transient receptor potential cation channel, 
               
               
                 TRPM1 
                 NM_002420 
                 transient receptor potential cation channel, 
               
               
                 TRPM2 
                 NM_001001188 
                 transient receptor potential cation channel, 
               
               
                 TRPS1 
                 NM_014112 
                 zinc finger transcription factor TRPS1 
               
               
                 TRPV5 
                 NM_019841 
                 transient receptor potential cation channel, 
               
               
                 TRPV6 
                 NM_018646 
                 transient receptor potential cation channel, 
               
               
                 TRUB2 
                 NM_015679 
                 TruB pseudouridine (psi) synthase homolog 2 
               
               
                 TSC1 
                 NM_000368 
                 tuberous sclerosis 1 protein isoform 1 
               
               
                 TSC22D3 
                 NM_001015881 
                 TSC22 domain family, member 3 isoform 3 
               
               
                 TSN 
                 NM_004622 
                 translin 
               
               
                 TSNAX 
                 NM_005999 
                 translin-associated factor X 
               
               
                 TSPAN13 
                 NM_014399 
                 tetraspan NET-6 
               
               
                 TSPAN15 
                 NM_012339 
                 transmembrane 4 superfamily member 15 
               
               
                 TSPAN2 
                 NM_005725 
                 tetraspan 2 
               
               
                 TSPAN9 
                 NM_006675 
                 tetraspanin 9 
               
               
                 TSPYL5 
                 NM_033512 
                 TSPY-like 5 
               
               
                 TTBK1 
                 NM_032538 
                 tau tubulin kinase 1 
               
               
                 TTBK2 
                 NM_173500 
                 tau tubulin kinase 2 
               
               
                 TTC12 
                 NM_017868 
                 tetratricopeptide repeat domain 12 
               
               
                 TTC19 
                 NM_017775 
                 tetratricopeptide repeat domain 19 
               
               
                 TTC21B 
                 NM_024753 
                 tetratricopeptide repeat domain 21B 
               
               
                 TTF2 
                 NM_003594 
                 transcription termination factor, RNA polymerase 
               
               
                 TTL 
                 NM_153712 
                 tubulin tyrosine ligase 
               
               
                 TTLL2 
                 NM_031949 
                 tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family, member 2 
               
               
                 TTLL3 
                 NM_001025930 
                 tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family, member 3 
               
               
                 TTLL6 
                 NM_173623 
                 hypothetical protein LOC284076 
               
               
                 TTLL9 
                 NM_001008409 
                 tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family, member 9 
               
               
                 TTYH2 
                 NM_032646 
                 tweety 2 isoform 1 
               
               
                 TTYH3 
                 NM_025250 
                 tweety 3 
               
               
                 TUB 
                 NM_003320 
                 tubby isoform a 
               
               
                 TUBB 
                 NM_178014 
                 tubulin, beta polypeptide 
               
               
                 TUBB1 
                 NM_030773 
                 beta tubulin 1, class VI 
               
               
                 TUBB4 
                 NM_006087 
                 tubulin, beta 4 
               
               
                 TUBG1 
                 NM_001070 
                 tubulin, gamma 1 
               
               
                 TUBG2 
                 NM_016437 
                 tubulin, gamma 2 
               
               
                 TUBGCP6 
                 NM_001008658 
                 tubulin, gamma complex associated protein 6 
               
               
                 TUFT1 
                 NM_020127 
                 tuftelin 1 
               
               
                 TULP3 
                 NM_003324 
                 tubby like protein 3 
               
               
                 TUSC5 
                 NM_172367 
                 LOST1 
               
               
                 TXLNA 
                 NM_175852 
                 taxilin 
               
               
                 TXLNB 
                 NM_153235 
                 muscle-derived protein 77 
               
               
                 TXNDC13 
                 NM_021156 
                 thioredoxin domain containing 13 
               
               
                 TXNDC4 
                 NM_015051 
                 thioredoxin domain containing 4 (endoplasmic 
               
               
                 TXNL4B 
                 NM_017853 
                 thioredoxin-like 4B 
               
               
                 TXNRD1 
                 NM_003330 
                 thioredoxin reductase 1 
               
               
                 TYSND1 
                 NM_173555 
                 trypsin domain containing 1 isoform a 
               
               
                 UACA 
                 NM_001008224 
                 uveal autoantigen with coiled-coil domains and 
               
               
                 UAP1L1 
                 NM_207309 
                 UDP-N-acteylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1-like 
               
               
                 UBE2E1 
                 NM_003341 
                 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2E 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 UBE2E3 
                 NM_006357 
                 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2E 3 
               
               
                 UBE2G1 
                 NM_003342 
                 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2G 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 UBE2I 
                 NM_003345 
                 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2I 
               
               
                 UBE2J1 
                 NM_016021 
                 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, J1 
               
               
                 UBE2Q1 
                 NM_017582 
                 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2Q 
               
               
                 UBE2R2 
                 NM_017811 
                 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC3B 
               
               
                 UBE3B 
                 NM_183414 
                 ubiquitin protein ligase E3B isoform b 
               
               
                 UBE3C 
                 NM_014671 
                 ubiquitin protein ligase E3C 
               
               
                 UBL3 
                 NM_007106 
                 ubiquitin-like 3 
               
               
                 UBL7 
                 NM_032907 
                 ubiquitin-like 7 (bone marrow stromal 
               
               
                 UBN1 
                 NM_016936 
                 ubinuclein 1 
               
               
                 UBOX5 
                 NM_014948 
                 U-box domain containing 5 isoform a 
               
               
                 UBXD2 
                 NM_014607 
                 UBX domain containing 2 
               
               
                 UBXD8 
                 NM_014613 
                 UBX domain containing 8 
               
               
                 UGDH 
                 NM_003359 
                 UDP-glucose dehydrogenase 
               
               
                 UGT1A1 
                 NM_000463 
                 UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A1 
               
               
                 UGT1A10 
                 NM_019075 
                 UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide 
               
               
                 UGT1A3 
                 NM_019093 
                 UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A3 
               
               
                 UGT1A4 
                 NM_007120 
                 UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A4 
               
               
                 UGT1A5 
                 NM_019078 
                 UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A5 
               
               
                 UGT1A6 
                 NM_001072 
                 UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A6 
               
               
                 UGT1A7 
                 NM_019077 
                 UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7 
               
               
                 UGT1A8 
                 NM_019076 
                 UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A8 
               
               
                 UGT1A9 
                 NM_021027 
                 UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A9 
               
               
                 ULBP1 
                 NM_025218 
                 UL16 binding protein 1 
               
               
                 UMOD 
                 NM_001008389 
                 uromodulin precursor 
               
               
                 UNC13D 
                 NM_199242 
                 unc-13 homolog D 
               
               
                 UNC45B 
                 NM_001033576 
                 cardiomyopathy associated 4 isoform 2 
               
               
                 UNC5A 
                 NM_133369 
                 netrin receptor Unc5h1 
               
               
                 UNC5D 
                 NM_080872 
                 netrin receptor Unc5h4 
               
               
                 UNC93A 
                 NM_018974 
                 unc-93 homolog A 
               
               
                 UPF1 
                 NM_002911 
                 regulator of nonsense transcripts 1 
               
               
                 UPF2 
                 NM_015542 
                 UPF2 regulator of nonsense transcripts homolog 
               
               
                 USF1 
                 NM_007122 
                 upstream stimulatory factor 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 USP18 
                 NM_017414 
                 ubiquitin specific protease 18 
               
               
                 USP2 
                 NM_004205 
                 ubiquitin specific protease 2 isoform a 
               
               
                 USP37 
                 NM_020935 
                 ubiquitin specific protease 37 
               
               
                 USP46 
                 NM_022832 
                 ubiquitin specific protease 46 
               
               
                 USP47 
                 NM_017944 
                 ubiquitin specific protease 47 
               
               
                 USP49 
                 NM_018561 
                 ubiquitin specific protease 49 
               
               
                 UTP14C 
                 NM_021645 
                 UTP14, U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein, 
               
               
                 UTS2D 
                 NM_198152 
                 urotensin 2 domain containing 
               
               
                 UVRAG 
                 NM_003369 
                 UV radiation resistance associated gene 
               
               
                 VANGL2 
                 NM_020335 
                 vang-like 2 (van gogh,  Drosophila ) 
               
               
                 VAPB 
                 NM_004738 
                 VAMP-associated protein B/C 
               
               
                 VASH1 
                 NM_014909 
                 vasohibin 1 
               
               
                 VAT1 
                 NM_006373 
                 vesicle amine transport protein 1 
               
               
                 VAX1 
                 NM_199131 
                 ventral anterior homeobox 1 
               
               
                 VBP1 
                 NM_003372 
                 von Hippel-Lindau binding protein 1 
               
               
                 VCPIP1 
                 NM_025054 
                 valosin containing protein (p97)/p47 complex 
               
               
                 VDAC1 
                 NM_003374 
                 voltage-dependent anion channel 1 
               
               
                 VEGF 
                 NM_001025366 
                 vascular endothelial growth factor isoform a 
               
               
                 VGLL3 
                 NM_016206 
                 colon carcinoma related protein 
               
               
                 VHL 
                 NM_000551 
                 von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor isoform 1 
               
               
                 VIPR1 
                 NM_004624 
                 vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 
               
               
                 VISA 
                 NM_020746 
                 virus-induced signaling adapter 
               
               
                 VMD2L3 
                 NM_152439 
                 vitelliform macular dystrophy 2-like 3 
               
               
                 VPREB1 
                 NM_007128 
                 immunoglobulin iota chain preproprotein 
               
               
                 VPS13A 
                 NM_001018037 
                 vacuolar protein sorting 13A isoform C 
               
               
                 VPS13D 
                 NM_015378 
                 vacuolar protein sorting 13D isoform 1 
               
               
                 VPS16 
                 NM_022575 
                 vacuolar protein sorting 16 isoform 1 
               
               
                 VPS26A 
                 NM_004896 
                 vacuolar protein sorting 26 homolog A isoform 1 
               
               
                 VPS37A 
                 NM_152415 
                 hepatocellular carcinoma related protein 1 
               
               
                 VPS45A 
                 NM_007259 
                 vacuolar protein sorting 45A 
               
               
                 VPS4B 
                 NM_004869 
                 vacuolar protein sorting factor 4B 
               
               
                 VPS52 
                 NM_022553 
                 suppressor of actin mutations 2-like 
               
               
                 VPS72 
                 NM_005997 
                 transcription factor-like 1 
               
               
                 VSIG4 
                 NM_007268 
                 V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 4 
               
               
                 VSIG9 
                 NM_173799 
                 hypothetical protein LOC201633 
               
               
                 VTCN1 
                 NM_024626 
                 V-set domain containing T cell activation 
               
               
                 WASF3 
                 NM_006646 
                 WAS protein family, member 3 
               
               
                 WASPIP 
                 NM_003387 
                 WASP-interacting protein 
               
               
                 WBP2 
                 NM_012478 
                 WW domain binding protein 2 
               
               
                 WBP5 
                 NM_001006612 
                 WW domain binding protein 5 
               
               
                 WBSCR17 
                 NM_022479 
                 UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide 
               
               
                 WDFY3 
                 NM_014991 
                 WD repeat and FYVE domain containing 3 isoform 
               
               
                 WDR17 
                 NM_170710 
                 WD repeat domain 17 isoform 1 
               
               
                 WDR22 
                 NM_003861 
                 Breakpoint cluster region protein, uterine 
               
               
                 WDR23 
                 NM_025230 
                 WD repeat domain 23 isoform 1 
               
               
                 WDR33 
                 NM_018383 
                 WD repeat domain 33 isoform 1 
               
               
                 WDR36 
                 NM_139281 
                 WD repeat domain 36 
               
               
                 WDR42B 
                 NM_001017930 
                 WD repeat domain 42B 
               
               
                 WDR48 
                 NM_020839 
                 WD repeat domain 48 
               
               
                 WDR50 
                 NM_016001 
                 WD repeat domain 50 
               
               
                 WDR6 
                 NM_018031 
                 WD repeat domain 6 protein 
               
               
                 WDR64 
                 NM_144625 
                 hypothetical protein LOC128025 
               
               
                 WDR68 
                 NM_005828 
                 WD-repeat protein 
               
               
                 WDR7 
                 NM_015285 
                 rabconnectin-3 beta isoform 1 
               
               
                 WDR81 
                 NM_152348 
                 alpha-2-plasmin inhibitor 
               
               
                 WDTC1 
                 NM_015023 
                 WD and tetratricopeptide repeats 1 
               
               
                 WFDC1 
                 NM_021197 
                 WAP four-disulfide core domain 1 precursor 
               
               
                 WFS1 
                 NM_006005 
                 wolframin 
               
               
                 WHSC1 
                 NM_014919 
                 Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 protein 
               
               
                 WIG1 
                 NM_022470 
                 p53 target zinc finger protein isoform 1 
               
               
                 WIRE 
                 NM_133264 
                 WIRE protein 
               
               
                 WNK4 
                 NM_032387 
                 WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 4 
               
               
                 WNT2 
                 NM_003391 
                 wingless-type MMTV integration site family 
               
               
                 WNT5B 
                 NM_030775 
                 wingless-type MMTV integration site family, 
               
               
                 WSB1 
                 NM_015626 
                 WD repeat and SOCS box-containing 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 WWC3 
                 NM_015691 
                 hypothetical protein LOC55841 
               
               
                 WWP2 
                 NM_007014 
                 WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 
               
               
                 XK 
                 NM_021083 
                 McLeod syndrome-associated, Kell blood group 
               
               
                 XKR5 
                 NM_207411 
                 XK-related protein 5a 
               
               
                 XLKD1 
                 NM_006691 
                 extracellular link domain containing 1 
               
               
                 XPO4 
                 NM_022459 
                 exportin 4 
               
               
                 XPO5 
                 NM_020750 
                 exportin 5 
               
               
                 XRCC2 
                 NM_005431 
                 X-ray repair cross complementing protein 2 
               
               
                 XRN1 
                 NM_019001 
                 5′-3′ exoribonuclease 1 
               
               
                 XYLB 
                 NM_005108 
                 xylulokinase homolog 
               
               
                 YAF2 
                 NM_001012424 
                 YY1 associated factor 2 isoform b 
               
               
                 YARS 
                 NM_003680 
                 tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase 
               
               
                 YEATS2 
                 NM_018023 
                 YEATS domain containing 2 
               
               
                 YIF1B 
                 NM_033557 
                 Yip1 interacting factor homolog B isoform 2 
               
               
                 YPEL1 
                 NM_013313 
                 yippee-like 1 
               
               
                 YPEL2 
                 NM_001005404 
                 yippee-like 2 
               
               
                 YPEL5 
                 NM_016061 
                 yippee-like 5 
               
               
                 YTHDC2 
                 NM_022828 
                 YTH domain containing 2 
               
               
                 YWHAB 
                 NM_003404 
                 tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 
               
               
                 ZADH1 
                 NM_152444 
                 zinc binding alcohol dehydrogenase, domain 
               
               
                 ZADH2 
                 NM_175907 
                 zinc binding alcohol dehydrogenase, domain 
               
               
                 ZAK 
                 NM_016653 
                 MLK-related kinase isoform 1 
               
               
                 ZBTB40 
                 NM_014870 
                 zinc finger and BTB domain containing 40 
               
               
                 ZBTB41 
                 NM_194314 
                 zinc finger and BTB domain containing 41 
               
               
                 ZBTB5 
                 NM_014872 
                 zinc finger and BTB domain containing 5 
               
               
                 ZBTB6 
                 NM_006626 
                 zinc finger protein 482 
               
               
                 ZC3H12A 
                 NM_025079 
                 zinc finger CCCH-type containing 12A 
               
               
                 ZCCHC14 
                 NM_015144 
                 zinc finger, CCHC domain containing 14 
               
               
                 ZDHHC11 
                 NM_024786 
                 zinc finger, DHHC domain containing 11 
               
               
                 ZDHHC2 
                 NM_016353 
                 rec 
               
               
                 ZDHHC23 
                 NM_173570 
                 zinc finger, DHHC domain containing 23 
               
               
                 ZDHHC4 
                 NM_018106 
                 zinc finger, DHHC domain containing 4 
               
               
                 ZDHHC9 
                 NM_001008222 
                 zinc finger, DHHC domain containing 9 
               
               
                 ZFAND2B 
                 NM_138802 
                 zinc finger, AN1-type domain 2B 
               
               
                 ZFP30 
                 NM_014898 
                 zinc finger protein 30 homolog 
               
               
                 ZFP36L1 
                 NM_004926 
                 butyrate response factor 1 
               
               
                 ZFP41 
                 NM_173832 
                 zinc finger protein 41 homolog 
               
               
                 ZFP91 
                 NM_053023 
                 zinc finger protein 91 isoform 1 
               
               
                 ZFP95 
                 NM_014569 
                 zinc finger protein 95 homolog 
               
               
                 ZFYVE16 
                 NM_014733 
                 endosome-associated FYVE-domain protein 
               
               
                 ZFYVE27 
                 NM_001002261 
                 zinc finger, FYVE domain containing 27 isoform 
               
               
                 ZFYVE28 
                 NM_020972 
                 zinc finger, FYVE domain containing 28 
               
               
                 ZGPAT 
                 NM_181484 
                 zinc finger, CCCH-type with G patch domain 
               
               
                 ZHX3 
                 NM_015035 
                 zinc fingers and homeoboxes 3 
               
               
                 ZIC1 
                 NM_003412 
                 zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 1 
               
               
                 ZIC3 
                 NM_003413 
                 zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 3 
               
               
                 ZIC4 
                 NM_032153 
                 zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 4 
               
               
                 ZIM3 
                 NM_052882 
                 zinc finger, imprinted 3 
               
               
                 ZKSCAN1 
                 NM_003439 
                 zinc finger protein 36 
               
               
                 ZMYM3 
                 NM_005096 
                 zinc finger protein 261 
               
               
                 ZMYM4 
                 NM_005095 
                 zinc finger protein 262 
               
               
                 ZMYND11 
                 NM_006624 
                 zinc finger, MYND domain containing 11 isoform 
               
               
                 ZMYND19 
                 NM_138462 
                 zinc finger, MYND domain containing 19 
               
               
                 ZNF132 
                 NM_003433 
                 zinc finger protein 132 (clone pHZ-12) 
               
               
                 ZNF136 
                 NM_003437 
                 zinc finger protein 136 (clone pHZ-20) 
               
               
                 ZNF137 
                 NM_003438 
                 zinc finger protein 137 (clone pHZ-30) 
               
               
                 ZNF157 
                 NM_003446 
                 zinc finger protein 157 
               
               
                 ZNF160 
                 NM_033288 
                 zinc finger protein 160 
               
               
                 ZNF167 
                 NM_018651 
                 zinc finger protein ZFP isoform 1 
               
               
                 ZNF17 
                 NM_006959 
                 zinc finger protein 17 
               
               
                 ZNF182 
                 NM_001007088 
                 zinc finger protein 21 isoform 2 
               
               
                 ZNF187 
                 NM_001023560 
                 zinc finger protein 187 
               
               
                 ZNF192 
                 NM_006298 
                 zinc finger protein 192 
               
               
                 ZNF200 
                 NM_003454 
                 zinc finger protein 200 isoform 1 
               
               
                 ZNF202 
                 NM_003455 
                 zinc finger protein 202 
               
               
                 ZNF217 
                 NM_006526 
                 zinc finger protein 217 
               
               
                 ZNF226 
                 NM_001032374 
                 zinc finger protein 226 isoform b 
               
               
                 ZNF236 
                 NM_007345 
                 zinc finger protein 236 
               
               
                 ZNF264 
                 NM_003417 
                 zinc finger protein 264 
               
               
                 ZNF265 
                 NM_005455 
                 zinc finger protein 265 isoform 2 
               
               
                 ZNF272 
                 NM_006635 
                 zinc finger protein 272 
               
               
                 ZNF276 
                 NM_152287 
                 zinc finger protein 276 homolog 
               
               
                 ZNF294 
                 NM_015565 
                 zinc finger protein 294 
               
               
                 ZNF300 
                 NM_052860 
                 zinc finger protein 300 
               
               
                 ZNF31 
                 NM_145238 
                 zinc finger protein 31 
               
               
                 ZNF313 
                 NM_018683 
                 zinc finger protein 313 
               
               
                 ZNF317 
                 NM_020933 
                 zinc finger protein 317 
               
               
                 ZNF318 
                 NM_014345 
                 zinc finger protein 318 
               
               
                 ZNF320 
                 NM_207333 
                 zinc finger protein 320 
               
               
                 ZNF322A 
                 NM_024639 
                 zinc finger protein 322A 
               
               
                 ZNF322B 
                 NM_199005 
                 zinc finger protein 322B 
               
               
                 ZNF329 
                 NM_024620 
                 zinc finger protein 329 
               
               
                 ZNF333 
                 NM_032433 
                 zinc finger protein 333 
               
               
                 ZNF33A 
                 NM_006974 
                 zinc finger protein 33A 
               
               
                 ZNF33B 
                 NM_006955 
                 zinc finger protein 33B 
               
               
                 ZNF346 
                 NM_012279 
                 zinc finger protein 346 
               
               
                 ZNF365 
                 NM_199451 
                 zinc finger protein 365 isoform C 
               
               
                 ZNF37A 
                 NM_001007094 
                 zinc finger protein 37a 
               
               
                 ZNF384 
                 NM_133476 
                 nuclear matrix transcription factor 4 isoform a 
               
               
                 ZNF385 
                 NM_015481 
                 zinc finger protein 385 
               
               
                 ZNF394 
                 NM_032164 
                 zinc finger protein 99 
               
               
                 ZNF397 
                 NM_032347 
                 zinc finger protein 397 
               
               
                 ZNF41 
                 NM_007130 
                 zinc finger protein 41 
               
               
                 ZNF425 
                 NM_001001661 
                 zinc finger protein 425 
               
               
                 ZNF426 
                 NM_024106 
                 zinc finger protein 426 
               
               
                 ZNF43 
                 NM_003423 
                 zinc finger protein 43 (HTF6) 
               
               
                 ZNF430 
                 NM_025189 
                 zinc finger protein 430 
               
               
                 ZNF445 
                 NM_181489 
                 zinc finger protein 445 
               
               
                 ZNF471 
                 NM_020813 
                 zinc finger protein 471 
               
               
                 ZNF480 
                 NM_144684 
                 zinc finger protein 480 
               
               
                 ZNF483 
                 NM_001007169 
                 zinc finger protein 483 isoform b 
               
               
                 ZNF485 
                 NM_145312 
                 zinc finger protein 485 
               
               
                 ZNF490 
                 NM_020714 
                 zinc finger protein 490 
               
               
                 ZNF493 
                 NM_175910 
                 zinc finger protein 493 
               
               
                 ZNF497 
                 NM_198458 
                 zinc finger protein 497 
               
               
                 ZNF498 
                 NM_145115 
                 zinc finger protein 498 
               
               
                 ZNF500 
                 NM_021646 
                 zinc finger protein 500 
               
               
                 ZNF514 
                 NM_032788 
                 zinc finger protein 514 
               
               
                 ZNF526 
                 NM_133444 
                 zinc finger protein 526 
               
               
                 ZNF529 
                 NM_020951 
                 zinc finger protein 529 
               
               
                 ZNF543 
                 NM_213598 
                 zinc finger protein 543 
               
               
                 ZNF545 
                 NM_133466 
                 zinc finger protein 545 
               
               
                 ZNF547 
                 NM_173631 
                 zinc finger protein 547 
               
               
                 ZNF562 
                 NM_017656 
                 zinc finger protein 562 
               
               
                 ZNF565 
                 NM_152477 
                 zinc finger protein 565 
               
               
                 ZNF570 
                 NM_144694 
                 zinc finger protein 570 
               
               
                 ZNF571 
                 NM_016536 
                 zinc finger protein 571 
               
               
                 ZNF577 
                 NM_032679 
                 zinc finger protein 577 
               
               
                 ZNF581 
                 NM_016535 
                 zinc finger protein 581 
               
               
                 ZNF583 
                 NM_152478 
                 zinc finger protein 583 
               
               
                 ZNF592 
                 NM_014630 
                 zinc finger protein 592 
               
               
                 ZNF599 
                 NM_001007247 
                 zinc finger protein 599 isoform b 
               
               
                 ZNF600 
                 NM_198457 
                 zinc finger protein 600 
               
               
                 ZNF605 
                 NM_183238 
                 zinc finger protein 605 
               
               
                 ZNF607 
                 NM_032689 
                 zinc finger protein 607 
               
               
                 ZNF621 
                 NM_198484 
                 zinc finger protein 621 
               
               
                 ZNF622 
                 NM_033414 
                 zinc finger protein 622 
               
               
                 ZNF623 
                 NM_014789 
                 zinc finger protein 623 
               
               
                 ZNF650 
                 NM_172070 
                 zinc finger protein 650 
               
               
                 ZNF651 
                 NM_145166 
                 zinc finger protein 651 
               
               
                 ZNF652 
                 NM_014897 
                 zinc finger protein 652 
               
               
                 ZNF660 
                 NM_173658 
                 zinc finger protein 660 
               
               
                 ZNF662 
                 NM_207404 
                 zinc finger protein 662 
               
               
                 ZNF677 
                 NM_182609 
                 zinc finger protein 677 
               
               
                 ZNF694 
                 NM_001012981 
                 zinc finger protein 694 
               
               
                 ZNF696 
                 NM_030895 
                 zinc finger protein 696 
               
               
                 ZNF702 
                 NM_024924 
                 zinc finger protein 702 
               
               
                 ZNF705A 
                 NM_001004328 
                 hypothetical protein LOC440077 
               
               
                 ZNF708 
                 NM_021269 
                 zinc finger protein 15-like 1 (KOX 8) 
               
               
                 ZNF81 
                 NM_007137 
                 zinc finger protein 81 (HFZ20) 
               
               
                 ZNF93 
                 NM_001004126 
                 zinc finger protein 93 isoform b 
               
               
                 ZNRF2 
                 NM_147128 
                 zinc finger/RING finger 2 
               
               
                 ZSCAN2 
                 NM_181877 
                 zinc finger protein 29 isoform 1 
               
               
                 ZSWIM4 
                 NM_023072 
                 zinc finger, SWIM domain containing 4 
               
               
                 ZWILCH 
                 NM_017975 
                 Zwilch 
               
               
                 ZWINT 
                 NM_001005414 
                 ZW10 interactor isoform c 
               
               
                 ZYG11A 
                 NM_001004339 
                 hypothetical protein LOC440590 
               
               
                 ZYG11B 
                 NM_024646 
                 hypothetical protein LOC79699 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 hsa-miR-143 targets that exhibited altered mRNA expression levels 
               
               
                 in human cancer cells after transfection with pre-miR hsa-miR-143. 
               
               
                 for Ref Seq ID reference - Pruitt et at., 2005. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Gene 
                 RefSeq 
                   
               
               
                 Symbol 
                 Transcript ID 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ATP6V1A 
                 NM_001690 
                 ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 
               
               
                   
                   
                 70 kD, V1 
               
               
                 ATXN1 
                 NM_000332 
                 ataxin 1 
               
               
                 CCND1 
                 NM_053056 
                 cyclin D1 
               
               
                 CLIC4 
                 NM_013943 
                 chloride intracellular channel 4 
               
               
                 DDAH1 
                 NM_012137 
                 dimethylarginine 
               
               
                   
                   
                 dimethylaminohydrolase 1 
               
               
                 GALC 
                 NM_000153 
                 galactosylceramidase 
               
               
                   
                   
                 isoform a precursor 
               
               
                 GATM 
                 NM_001482 
                 glycine amidinotransferase 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (L-arginine:glycine 
               
               
                 GOLPH2 
                 NM_016548 
                 golgi phosphoprotein 2 
               
               
                 IGFBP3 
                 NM_000598 
                 insulin-like growth factor binding 
               
               
                   
                   
                 protein 3 
               
               
                 LMO4 
                 NM_006769 
                 LIM domain only 4 
               
               
                 MCL1 
                 NM_021960 
                 myeloid cell leukemia sequence 
               
               
                   
                   
                 1 isoform 1 
               
               
                 PROSC 
                 NM_007198 
                 proline synthetase co-transcribed 
               
               
                   
                   
                 homolog 
               
               
                 RAB11FIP1 
                 NM_001002814 
                 Rab coupling protein isoform 3 
               
               
                 RBL1 
                 NM_002895 
                 retinoblastoma-like protein 1 isoform a 
               
               
                 RHOBTB1 
                 NM_001032380 
                 Rho-related BTB domain containing 1 
               
               
                 SERPINE1 
                 NM_000602 
                 plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 
               
               
                 SLC35B1 
                 NM_005827 
                 solute carrier family 35, member B1 
               
               
                 WASPIP 
                 NM_003387 
                 WASP-interacting protein 
               
               
                 WDR50 
                 NM_016001 
                 WD repeat domain 50 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The predicted gene targets of hsa-miR-143 whose mRNA expression levels are affected by hsa-miR-143 represent particularly useful candidates for cancer therapy and therapy of other diseases through manipulation of their expression levels. 
     Certain embodiments of the invention include determining expression of one or more marker, gene, or nucleic acid segment representative of one or more genes, by using an amplification assay, a hybridization assay, or protein assay, a variety of which are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art. In certain aspects, an amplification assay can be a quantitative amplification assay, such as quantitative RT-PCR or the like. In still further aspects, a hybridization assay can include array hybridization assays or solution hybridization assays. The nucleic acids from a sample may be labeled from the sample and/or hybridizing the labeled nucleic acid to one or more nucleic acid probes. Nucleic acids, mRNA, and/or nucleic acid probes may be coupled to a support. Such supports are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art and include, but are not limited to glass, plastic, metal, or latex. In particular aspects of the invention, the support can be planar or in the form of a bead or other geometric shapes or configurations known in the art. Proteins are typically assayed by immunoblotting, chromatography, or mass spectrometry or other methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art. 
     The present invention also concerns kits containing compositions of the invention or compositions to implement methods of the invention. In some embodiments, kits can be used to evaluate one or more marker molecules, and/or express one or more miRNA or miRNA inhibitor. In certain embodiments, a kit contains, contains at least or contains at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 100, 150, 200 or more probes, recombinant nucleic acid, or synthetic nucleic acid molecules related to the markers to be assessed or an miRNA or miRNA inhibitor to be expressed or modulated, and may include any range or combination derivable therein. Kits may comprise components, which may be individually packaged or placed in a container, such as a tube, bottle, vial, syringe, or other suitable container means. Individual components may also be provided in a kit in concentrated amounts; in some embodiments, a component is provided individually in the same concentration as it would be in a solution with other components. Concentrations of components may be provided as 1×, 2×, 5×, 10×, or 20× or more. Kits for using probes, synthetic nucleic acids, recombinant nucleic acids, or non-synthetic nucleic acids of the invention for therapeutic, prognostic, or diagnostic applications are included as part of the invention. Specifically contemplated are any such molecules corresponding to any miRNA reported to influence biological activity or expression of one or more marker gene or gene pathway described herein. In certain aspects, negative and/or positive controls are included in some kit embodiments. The control molecules can be used to verify transfection efficiency and/or control for transfection-induced changes in cells. 
     Certain embodiments are directed to a kit for assessment of a pathological condition or the risk of developing a pathological condition in a patient by nucleic acid profiling of a sample comprising, in suitable container means, two or more nucleic acid hybridization or amplification reagents. The kit can comprise reagents for labeling nucleic acids in a sample and/or nucleic acid hybridization reagents. The hybridization reagents typically comprise hybridization probes. Amplification reagents include, but are not limited to amplification primers, reagents, and enzymes. 
     In some embodiments of the invention, an expression profile is generated by steps that include: (a) labeling nucleic acid in the sample; (b) hybridizing the nucleic acid to a number of probes, or amplifying a number of nucleic acids, and (c) determining and/or quantitating nucleic acid hybridization to the probes or detecting and quantitating amplification products, wherein an expression profile is generated. See U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60/575,743 and the U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60/649,584, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/141,707 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/273,640, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     Methods of the invention involve diagnosing and/or assessing the prognosis of a patient based on a miRNA and/or a marker nucleic acid expression profile. In certain embodiments, the elevation or reduction in the level of expression of a particular gene or genetic pathway or set of nucleic acids in a cell is correlated with a disease state or pathological condition compared to the expression level of the same in a normal or non-pathologic cell or tissue sample. This correlation allows for diagnostic and/or prognostic methods to be carried out when the expression level of one or more nucleic acid is measured in a biological sample being assessed and then compared to the expression level of a normal or non-pathologic cell or tissue sample. It is specifically contemplated that expression profiles for patients, particularly those suspected of having or having a propensity for a particular disease or condition such as cancer, can be generated by evaluating any of or sets of the miRNAs and/or nucleic acids discussed in this application. The expression profile that is generated from the patient will be one that provides information regarding the particular disease or condition. In many embodiments, the profile is generated using nucleic acid hybridization or amplification, (e.g., array hybridization or RT-PCR). In certain aspects, an expression profile can be used in conjunction with other diagnostic and/or prognostic tests, such as histology, protein profiles in the serum and/or cytogenetic assessment. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Tumor associated mRNAs altered by hsa-miR-143 having prognostic or therapeutic 
               
               
                 value for the treatment of various malignancies. 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Gene 
                   
                 Cellular 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Symbol 
                 Gene Title 
                 Process 
                 Cancer Type 
                 Reference 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AKAP12 
                 Akap-12/ 
                 signal 
                 CRC, PC, LC, GC, AML, CML 
                 (Xia et al., 2001; Wikman et al., 2002; Boultwood 
               
               
                   
                 SSeCKS/ 
                 transduction 
                   
                 et al., 2004; Choi et al., 2004; Mori et al., 2006) 
               
               
                   
                 Gravin 
               
               
                 BCL2L1 
                 BCL-XL 
                 Apoptosis 
                 NSCLC, SCLC, CRC, BC, BldC, RCC, HL, NHL, 
                 (Manion and Hockenbery, 2003) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 AML, ALL, HCC, OC, MB, G, ODG, My, OepC 
               
               
                 CCND1 
                 cyclin D1 
                 cell cycle 
                 MCL, BC, SCCHN, OepC, HCC, CRC, BldC, EC, 
                 (Donnellan and Chetty, 1998) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 OC, M, AC, GB, GC, PaC 
               
               
                 CCNG1 
                 cyclin G1 
                 cell cycle 
                 OS, BC, PC 
                 (Skotzko et al., 1995; Reimer et al., 1999) 
               
               
                 IGFBP3 
                 IGFBP-3 
                 signal 
                 BC, PC, LC, CRC 
                 (Firth and Baxter, 2002) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 transduction 
               
               
                 IL8 
                 IL-8 
                 signal 
                 BC, CRC, PaC, NSCLC, PC, HCC 
                 (Akiba et al., 2001; Sparmann and Bar-Sagi, 2004) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 transduction 
               
               
                 LMO4 
                 Lmo-4 
                 transcription 
                 BC, SCCHN, SCLC 
                 (Visvader et al., 2001; Mizunuma et al., 2003; 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Taniwaki et al., 2006) 
               
               
                 MCL1 
                 Mcl-1 
                 apoptosis 
                 HCC, MM, TT, CLL, ALCL, BCL, PC 
                 (Krajewska et al., 1996; Kitada et al., 1998; Cho- 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Vega et al., 2004; Rust et al., 2005; Sano et al., 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 2005; Wuilleme-Toumi et al., 2005; Fleischer et 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 al., 2006; Sieghart et al., 2006) 
               
               
                 PDCD4 
                 Pdcd-4 
                 apoptosis 
                 G, HCC, L, RCC 
                 (Chen et al., 2003; Jansen et al., 2004; Zhang et 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 al., 2006; Gao et al., 2007) 
               
               
                 RBL1 
                 p107 
                 cell cycle 
                 BCL, PC, CRC, TC 
                 (Takimoto et al., 1998; Claudio et al., 2002; Wu et 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 al., 2002; Ito et al., 2003) 
               
               
                 TGFBR2 
                 TGF beta 
                 signal 
                 BC, CRC 
                 (Markowitz, 2000; Lucke et al., 2001; Biswas et 
               
               
                   
                 receptor type 
                 transduction 
                   
                 al., 2004) 
               
               
                   
                 II 
               
               
                 TXN 
                 thioredoxin 
                 thioredoxin 
                 LC, PaC, CeC, HCC 
                 (Marks, 2006) 
               
               
                   
                 (trx) 
                 redox system 
               
               
                 WEE1 
                 Wee-1 kinase 
                 cell cycle 
                 NSCLC 
                 (Yoshida et al., 2004) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Abbreviations: 
               
               
                 AC, astrocytoma; 
               
               
                 ALCL, anaplastic large cell lymphoma; 
               
               
                 ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; 
               
               
                 AML, acute myelogenous leukemia; 
               
               
                 BC, breast carcinoma; 
               
               
                 BCL, B-cell lymphoma; 
               
               
                 BldC, bladder carcinoma; 
               
               
                 CeC, cervical carcinoma; 
               
               
                 CLL, chronic lymphoblastic leukemia; 
               
               
                 CRC, colorectal carcinoma; 
               
               
                 EC, endometrial carcinoma; 
               
               
                 G, glioma; 
               
               
                 GB, glioblastoma; 
               
               
                 GC, gastric carcinoma; 
               
               
                 HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; 
               
               
                 HL, Hodgkin lymphoma; 
               
               
                 L, leukemia; 
               
               
                 LC, lung carcinoma; 
               
               
                 M, melanoma; 
               
               
                 MB, medulloblastoma; 
               
               
                 MCL, mantle cell lymphoma; 
               
               
                 MM, multiple myeloma; 
               
               
                 My, myeloma; 
               
               
                 NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; 
               
               
                 NSCLC, non-small cell lung carcinoma; 
               
               
                 OC, ovarian carcinoma; 
               
               
                 ODG, oligodendroglioma; 
               
               
                 OepC, oesophageal carcinoma; 
               
               
                 OS, osteosarcoma; 
               
               
                 PaC, pancreatic carcinoma; 
               
               
                 PC, prostate carcinoma; 
               
               
                 RCC, renal cell carcinoma; 
               
               
                 SCCHN, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck; 
               
               
                 SCLC, small cell lung carcinoma; 
               
               
                 TC, thyroid carcinoma; 
               
               
                 TT, testicular tumor. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The methods can further comprise one or more of the steps including: (a) obtaining a sample from the patient, (b) isolating nucleic acids from the sample, (c) labeling the nucleic acids isolated from the sample, and (d) hybridizing the labeled nucleic acids to one or more probes. Nucleic acids of the invention include one or more nucleic acid comprising at least one segment having a sequence or complementary sequence of to a nucleic acid representative of one or more of genes or markers in Table 1, 3, 4, and/or 5. 
     It is contemplated that any method or composition described herein can be implemented with respect to any other method or composition described herein and that different embodiments may be combined. It is specifically contemplated that any methods and compositions discussed herein with respect to miRNA molecules, miRNA, genes, and nucleic acids representative of genes may be implemented with respect to synthetic nucleic acids. In some embodiments the synthetic nucleic acid is exposed to the proper conditions to allow it to become a processed or mature nucleic acid, such as a miRNA under physiological circumstances. The claims originally filed are contemplated to cover claims that are multiply dependent on any filed claim or combination of filed claims. 
     Also, any embodiment of the invention involving specific genes (including representative fragments there of), mRNA, or miRNAs by name is contemplated also to cover embodiments involving miRNAs whose sequences are at least 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99% identical to the mature sequence of the specified miRNA. 
     It will be further understood that shorthand notations are employed such that a generic description of a gene or marker thereof, or of an miRNA refers to any of its gene family members (distinguished by a number) or representative fragments thereof, unless otherwise indicated. It is understood by those of skill in the art that a “gene family” refers to a group of genes having the same coding sequence or miRNA coding sequence. Typically, miRNA members of a gene family are identified by a number following the initial designation. For example, miR-16-1 and miR-16-2 are members of the miR-16 gene family and “mir-7” refers to miR-7-1, miR-7-2 and miR-7-3. Moreover, unless otherwise indicated, a shorthand notation refers to related miRNAs (distinguished by a letter). Exceptions to these shorthand notations will be otherwise identified. 
     Other embodiments of the invention are discussed throughout this application. Any embodiment discussed with respect to one aspect of the invention applies to other aspects of the invention as well and vice versa. The embodiments in the Example and Detailed Description section are understood to be embodiments of the invention that are applicable to all aspects of the invention. 
     The terms “inhibiting,” “reducing,” or “prevention,” or any variation of these terms, when used in the claims and/or the specification includes any measurable decrease or complete inhibition to achieve a desired result. 
     The use of the word “a” or “an” when used in conjunction with the term “comprising” in the claims and/or the specification may mean “one,” but it is also consistent with the meaning of “one or more,” “at least one,” and “one or more than one.” 
     Throughout this application, the term “about” is used to indicate that a value includes the standard deviation of error for the device or method being employed to determine the value. 
     The use of the term “or” in the claims is used to mean “and/or” unless explicitly indicated to refer to alternatives only or the alternatives are mutually exclusive, although the disclosure supports a definition that refers to only alternatives and “and/or.” 
     As used in this specification and claim(s), the words “comprising” (and any form of comprising, such as “comprise” and “comprises”), “having” (and any form of having, such as “have” and “has”), “including” (and any form of including, such as “includes” and “include”) or “containing” (and any form of containing, such as “contains” and “contain”) are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps. 
     Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and the specific examples, while indicating specific embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
       The following drawing forms part of the present specification and is included to further demonstrate certain aspects of the present invention. The invention may be better understood by reference to this drawing in combination with the detailed description of specific embodiments presented herein. 
         FIG. 1 . Average tumor volumes in mice harboring xenografts of A549 lung cancer cells treated with hsa-miR-143 (white squares; n=5) or treated with a negative control miRNA (black diamonds; n=5). Standard deviations are shown in the graph. Data points with p values less than 0.05 are indicated by an asterisk. Abbreviation: miR-143, hsa-miR-143; NC, negative control miRNA. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed to compositions and methods relating to the identification and characterization of genes and biological pathways related to these genes as represented by the expression of the identified genes, as well as use of miRNAs related to such, for therapeutic, prognostic, and diagnostic applications, particularly those methods and compositions related to assessing and/or identifying pathological conditions directly or indirectly related to miR-143 expression or the aberrant expression thereof. 
     In certain aspects, the invention is directed to methods for the assessment, analysis, and/or therapy of a cell or subject where certain genes have a reduced or increased expression (relative to normal) as a result of an increased or decreased expression of any one or a combination of miR-143 family members (including, but not limited to lla-mir-143 M10002552; xtr-mir-143 MI0004937; dre-mir-143-2 MI0002008; rno-mir-143 MI0000916; ptr-mir-143 MI0002549; ppy-mir-143 MI0002551; ggo-mir-143 MI0002550; dre-mir-143-1 MI0002007; hsa-mir-143 MI0000459; ppa-mir-143 MI0002553; mdo-mir-143 MI0005302; and mmu-mir-143 MI0000257) and/or genes with an increased expression (relative to normal) as a result of decreased expression thereof. The expression profile and/or response to miR-143 expression or lack of expression may be indicative of an individual with a pathological condition, e.g., cancer. 
     Prognostic assays featuring any one or combination of the miRNAs listed or the markers listed (including nucleic acids representative thereof) could be used in assessment of a patient to determine what if any treatment regimen is justified. As with the diagnostic assays mentioned above, the absolute values that define low expression will depend on the platform used to measure the miRNA(s). The same methods described for the diagnostic assays could be used for prognostic assays. 
     II. THERAPEUTIC METHODS 
     Embodiments of the invention concern nucleic acids that perform the activities of or inhibit endogenous miRNAs when introduced into cells. In certain aspects, nucleic acids are synthetic or non-synthetic miRNA. Sequence-specific miRNA inhibitors can be used to inhibit sequentially or in combination the activities of one or more endogenous miRNAs in cells, as well those genes and associated pathways modulated by the endogenous miRNA. 
     The present invention concerns, in some embodiments, short nucleic acid molecules that function as miRNAs or as inhibitors of miRNA in a cell. The term “short” refers to a length of a single polynucleotide that is 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 50, 100, or 150 nucleotides or fewer, including all integers or ranges derivable there between. The nucleic acid molecules are typically synthetic. The term “synthetic” refers to a nucleic acid molecule that is not produced naturally in a cell. In certain aspects the chemical structure deviates from a naturally-occurring nucleic acid molecule, such as an endogenous precursor miRNA or miRNA molecule or complement thereof. While in some embodiments, nucleic acids of the invention do not have an entire sequence that is identical or complementary to a sequence of a naturally-occurring nucleic acid, such molecules may encompass all or part of a naturally-occurring sequence or a complement thereof. It is contemplated, however, that a synthetic nucleic acid administered to a cell may subsequently be modified or altered in the cell such that its structure or sequence is the same as non-synthetic or naturally occurring nucleic acid, such as a mature miRNA sequence. For example, a synthetic nucleic acid may have a sequence that differs from the sequence of a precursor miRNA, but that sequence may be altered once in a cell to be the same as an endogenous, processed miRNA or an inhibitor thereof. The term “isolated” means that the nucleic acid molecules of the invention are initially separated from different (in terms of sequence or structure) and unwanted nucleic acid molecules such that a population of isolated nucleic acids is at least about 90% homogenous, and may be at least about 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, or 100% homogenous with respect to other polynucleotide molecules. In many embodiments of the invention, a nucleic acid is isolated by virtue of it having been synthesized in vitro separate from endogenous nucleic acids in a cell. It will be understood, however, that isolated nucleic acids may be subsequently mixed or pooled together. In certain aspects, synthetic miRNA of the invention are RNA or RNA analogs. miRNA inhibitors may be DNA or RNA, or analogs thereof. miRNA and miRNA inhibitors of the invention are collectively referred to as “synthetic nucleic acids.” 
     In some embodiments, there is a miRNA or a synthetic miRNA having a length of between 17 and 130 residues. The present invention concerns miRNA or synthetic miRNA molecules that are, are at least, or are at most 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 140, 145, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200 or more residues in length, including any integer or any range there between. 
     In certain embodiments, synthetic miRNA have (a) a “miRNA region” whose sequence or binding region from 5′ to 3′ is identical or complementary to all or a segment of a mature miRNA sequence, and (b) a “complementary region” whose sequence from 5′ to 3′ is between 60% and 100% complementary to the miRNA sequence in (a). In certain embodiments, these synthetic miRNA are also isolated, as defined above. The term “miRNA region” refers to a region on the synthetic miRNA that is at least 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, or 100% identical, including all integers there between, to the entire sequence of a mature, naturally occurring miRNA sequence or a complement thereof. In certain embodiments, the miRNA region is or is at least 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 99.1, 99.2, 99.3, 99.4, 99.5, 99.6, 99.7, 99.8, 99.9 or 100% identical to the sequence of a naturally-occurring miRNA or complement thereof. 
     The term “complementary region” or “complement” refers to a region of a nucleic acid or mimetic that is or is at least 60% complementary to the mature, naturally occurring miRNA sequence. The complementary region is or is at least 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 99.1, 99.2, 99.3, 99.4, 99.5, 99.6, 99.7, 99.8, 99.9 or 100% complementary, or any range derivable therein. With single polynucleotide sequences, there may be a hairpin loop structure as a result of chemical bonding between the miRNA region and the complementary region. In other embodiments, the complementary region is on a different nucleic acid molecule than the miRNA region, in which case the complementary region is on the complementary strand and the miRNA region is on the active strand. 
     In other embodiments of the invention, there are synthetic nucleic acids that are miRNA inhibitors. A miRNA inhibitor is between about 17 to 25 nucleotides in length and comprises a 5′ to 3′ sequence that is at least 90% complementary to the 5′ to 3′ sequence of a mature miRNA. In certain embodiments, a miRNA inhibitor molecule is 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25 nucleotides in length, or any range derivable therein. Moreover, an miRNA inhibitor may have a sequence (from 5′ to 3′) that is or is at least 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 99.1, 99.2, 99.3, 99.4, 99.5, 99.6, 99.7, 99.8, 99.9 or 100% complementary, or any range derivable therein, to the 5′ to 3′ sequence of a mature miRNA, particularly a mature, naturally occurring miRNA. One of skill in the art could use a portion of the miRNA sequence that is complementary to the sequence of a mature miRNA as the sequence for a miRNA inhibitor. Moreover, that portion of the nucleic acid sequence can be altered so that it is still comprises the appropriate percentage of complementarity to the sequence of a mature miRNA. 
     In some embodiments, of the invention, a synthetic miRNA or inhibitor contains one or more design element(s). These design elements include, but are not limited to: (i) a replacement group for the phosphate or hydroxyl of the nucleotide at the 5′ terminus of the complementary region; (ii) one or more sugar modifications in the first or last 1 to 6 residues of the complementary region; or, (iii) noncomplementarity between one or more nucleotides in the last 1 to 5 residues at the 3′ end of the complementary region and the corresponding nucleotides of the miRNA region. A variety of design modifications are known in the art, see below. 
     In certain embodiments, a synthetic miRNA has a nucleotide at its 5′ end of the complementary region in which the phosphate and/or hydroxyl group has been replaced with another chemical group (referred to as the “replacement design”). In some cases, the phosphate group is replaced, while in others, the hydroxyl group has been replaced. In particular embodiments, the replacement group is biotin, an amine group, a lower alkylamine group, an aminohexyl phosphate group, an acetyl group, 2′O-Me (2′oxygen-methyl), DMTO (4,4′-dimethoxytrityl with oxygen), fluorescein, a thiol, or acridine, though other replacement groups are well known to those of skill in the art and can be used as well. This design element can also be used with a miRNA inhibitor. 
     Additional embodiments concern a synthetic miRNA having one or more sugar modifications in the first or last 1 to 6 residues of the complementary region (referred to as the “sugar replacement design”). In certain cases, there is one or more sugar modifications in the first 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or more residues of the complementary region, or any range derivable therein. In additional cases, there are one or more sugar modifications in the last 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or more residues of the complementary region, or any range derivable therein, have a sugar modification. It will be understood that the terms “first” and “last” are with respect to the order of residues from the 5′ end to the 3′ end of the region. In particular embodiments, the sugar modification is a 2′O-Me modification, a 2′F modification, a 2′H modification, a 2′amino modification, a 4′thioribose modification or a phosphorothioate modification on the carboxy group linked to the carbon at position 6′. In further embodiments, there are one or more sugar modifications in the first or last 2 to 4 residues of the complementary region or the first or last 4 to 6 residues of the complementary region. This design element can also be used with a miRNA inhibitor. Thus, a miRNA inhibitor can have this design element and/or a replacement group on the nucleotide at the 5′ terminus, as discussed above. 
     In other embodiments of the invention, there is a synthetic miRNA or inhibitor in which one or more nucleotides in the last 1 to 5 residues at the 3′ end of the complementary region are not complementary to the corresponding nucleotides of the miRNA region (“noncomplementarity”) (referred to as the “noncomplementarity design”). The noncomplementarity may be in the last 1, 2, 3, 4, and/or 5 residues of the complementary miRNA. In certain embodiments, there is noncomplementarity with at least 2 nucleotides in the complementary region. 
     It is contemplated that synthetic miRNA of the invention have one or more of the replacement, sugar modification, or noncomplementarity designs. In certain cases, synthetic RNA molecules have two of them, while in others these molecules have all three designs in place. 
     The miRNA region and the complementary region may be on the same or separate polynucleotides. In cases in which they are contained on or in the same polynucleotide, the miRNA molecule will be considered a single polynucleotide. In embodiments in which the different regions are on separate polynucleotides, the synthetic miRNA will be considered to be comprised of two polynucleotides. 
     When the RNA molecule is a single polynucleotide, there can be a linker region between the miRNA region and the complementary region. In some embodiments, the single polynucleotide is capable of forming a hairpin loop structure as a result of bonding between the miRNA region and the complementary region. The linker constitutes the hairpin loop. It is contemplated that in some embodiments, the linker region is, is at least, or is at most 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, or 40 residues in length, or any range derivable therein. In certain embodiments, the linker is between 3 and 30 residues (inclusive) in length. 
     In addition to having a miRNA or inhibitor region and a complementary region, there may be flanking sequences as well at either the 5′ or 3′ end of the region. In some embodiments, there is or is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 nucleotides or more, or any range derivable therein, flanking one or both sides of these regions. 
     Methods of the invention include reducing or eliminating activity of one or more miRNAs in a cell comprising introducing into a cell a miRNA inhibitor (which may be described generally herein as an miRNA, so that a description of miRNA, where appropriate, also will refer to a miRNA inhibitor); or supplying or enhancing the activity of one or more miRNAs in a cell. The present invention also concerns inducing certain cellular characteristics by providing to a cell a particular nucleic acid, such as a specific synthetic miRNA molecule or a synthetic miRNA inhibitor molecule. However, in methods of the invention, the miRNA molecule or miRNA inhibitor need not be synthetic. They may have a sequence that is identical to a naturally occurring miRNA or they may not have any design modifications. In certain embodiments, the miRNA molecule and/or the miRNA inhibitor are synthetic, as discussed above. 
     The particular nucleic acid molecule provided to the cell is understood to correspond to a particular miRNA in the cell, and thus, the miRNA in the cell is referred to as the “corresponding miRNA.” In situations in which a named miRNA molecule is introduced into a cell, the corresponding miRNA will be understood to be the induced or inhibited miRNA or induced or inhibited miRNA function. It is contemplated, however, that the miRNA molecule introduced into a cell is not a mature miRNA but is capable of becoming or functioning as a mature miRNA under the appropriate physiological conditions. In cases in which a particular corresponding miRNA is being inhibited by a miRNA inhibitor, the particular miRNA will be referred to as the “targeted miRNA.” It is contemplated that multiple corresponding miRNAs may be involved. In particular embodiments, more than one miRNA molecule is introduced into a cell. Moreover, in other embodiments, more than one miRNA inhibitor is introduced into a cell. Furthermore, a combination of miRNA molecule(s) and miRNA inhibitor(s) may be introduced into a cell. The inventors contemplate that a combination of miRNA may act at one or more points in cellular pathways of cells with aberrant phenotypes and that such combination may have increased efficacy on the target cell while not adversely effecting normal cells. Thus, a combination of miRNA may have a minimal adverse effect on a subject or patient while supplying a sufficient therapeutic effect, such as amelioration of a condition, growth inhibition of a cell, death of a targeted cell, alteration of cell phenotype or physiology, slowing of cellular growth, sensitization to a second therapy, sensitization to a particular therapy, and the like. 
     Methods include identifying a cell or patient in need of inducing those cellular characteristics. Also, it will be understood that an amount of a synthetic nucleic acid that is provided to a cell or organism is an “effective amount,” which refers to an amount needed (or a sufficient amount) to achieve a desired goal, such as inducing a particular cellular characteristic(s). Certain embodiments of the methods include providing or introducing to a cell a nucleic acid molecule corresponding to a mature miRNA in the cell in an amount effective to achieve a desired physiological result. 
     Moreover, methods can involve providing synthetic or nonsynthetic miRNA molecules. It is contemplated that in these embodiments, that the methods may or may not be limited to providing only one or more synthetic miRNA molecules or only one or more nonsynthetic miRNA molecules. Thus, in certain embodiments, methods may involve providing both synthetic and nonsynthetic miRNA molecules. In this situation, a cell or cells are most likely provided a synthetic miRNA molecule corresponding to a particular miRNA and a nonsynthetic miRNA molecule corresponding to a different miRNA. Furthermore, any method articulated using a list of miRNAs using Markush group language may be articulated without the Markush group language and a disjunctive article (i.e., or) instead, and vice versa. 
     Typically, an endogenous gene, miRNA or mRNA is modulated in the cell. In particular embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence comprises at least one segment that is at least 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, or 100% identical in nucleic acid sequence to one or more miRNA or gene sequence. Modulation of the expression or processing of an endogenous gene, miRNA, or mRNA can be through modulation of the processing of a mRNA, such processing including transcription, transportation and/or translation with in a cell. Modulation may also be effected by the inhibition or enhancement of miRNA activity with a cell, tissue, or organ. Such processing may affect the expression of an encoded product or the stability of the mRNA. In still other embodiments, a nucleic acid sequence can comprise a modified nucleic acid sequence. In certain aspects, one or more miRNA sequence may include or comprise a modified nucleobase or nucleic acid sequence. 
     It will be understood in methods of the invention that a cell or other biological matter such as an organism (including patients) can be provided a miRNA or miRNA molecule corresponding to a particular miRNA by administering to the cell or organism a nucleic acid molecule that functions as the corresponding miRNA once inside the cell. The form of the molecule provided to the cell may not be the form that acts a miRNA once inside the cell. Thus, it is contemplated that in some embodiments, a synthetic miRNA or a nonsynthetic miRNA is provided such that it becomes processed into a mature and active miRNA once it has access to the cell&#39;s miRNA processing machinery. In certain embodiments, it is specifically contemplated that the miRNA molecule provided is not a mature miRNA molecule but a nucleic acid molecule that can be processed into the mature miRNA once it is accessible to miRNA processing machinery. The term “nonsynthetic” in the context of miRNA means that the miRNA is not “synthetic,” as defined herein. Furthermore, it is contemplated that in embodiments of the invention that concern the use of synthetic miRNAs, the use of corresponding nonsynthetic miRNAs is also considered an aspect of the invention, and vice versa. It will be understand that the term “providing” an agent is used to include “administering” the agent to a patient. 
     In certain embodiments, methods also include targeting a miRNA to modulate in a cell or organism. The term “targeting a miRNA to modulate” means a nucleic acid of the invention will be employed so as to modulate the selected miRNA. In some embodiments the modulation is achieved with a synthetic or non-synthetic miRNA that corresponds to the targeted miRNA, which effectively provides the targeted miRNA to the cell or organism (positive modulation). In other embodiments, the modulation is achieved with a miRNA inhibitor, which effectively inhibits the targeted miRNA in the cell or organism (negative modulation). 
     In some embodiments, the miRNA targeted to be modulated is a miRNA that affects a disease, condition, or pathway. In certain embodiments, the miRNA is targeted because a treatment can be provided by negative modulation of the targeted miRNA. In other embodiments, the miRNA is targeted because a treatment can be provided by positive modulation of the targeted miRNA or its targets. 
     In certain methods of the invention, there is a further step of administering the selected miRNA modulator to a cell, tissue, organ, or organism (collectively “biological matter”) in need of treatment related to modulation of the targeted miRNA or in need of the physiological or biological results discussed herein (such as with respect to a particular cellular pathway or result like decrease in cell viability). Consequently, in some methods of the invention there is a step of identifying a patient in need of treatment that can be provided by the miRNA modulator(s). It is contemplated that an effective amount of a miRNA modulator can be administered in some embodiments. In particular embodiments, there is a therapeutic benefit conferred on the biological matter, where a “therapeutic benefit” refers to an improvement in the one or more conditions or symptoms associated with a disease or condition or an improvement in the prognosis, duration, or status with respect to the disease. It is contemplated that a therapeutic benefit includes, but is not limited to, a decrease in pain, a decrease in morbidity, a decrease in a symptom. For example, with respect to cancer, it is contemplated that a therapeutic benefit can be inhibition of tumor growth, prevention of metastasis, reduction in number of metastases, inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, induction of cell death in cancer cells, inhibition of angiogenesis near cancer cells, induction of apoptosis of cancer cells, reduction in pain, reduction in risk of recurrence, induction of chemo- or radiosensitivity in cancer cells, prolongation of life, and/or delay of death directly or indirectly related to cancer. 
     Furthermore, it is contemplated that the miRNA compositions may be provided as part of a therapy to a patient, in conjunction with traditional therapies or preventative agents. Moreover, it is contemplated that any method discussed in the context of therapy may be applied preventatively, particularly in a patient identified to be potentially in need of the therapy or at risk of the condition or disease for which a therapy is needed. 
     In addition, methods of the invention concern employing one or more nucleic acids corresponding to a miRNA and a therapeutic drug. The nucleic acid can enhance the effect or efficacy of the drug, reduce any side effects or toxicity, modify its bioavailability, and/or decrease the dosage or frequency needed. In certain embodiments, the therapeutic drug is a cancer therapeutic. Consequently, in some embodiments, there is a method of treating cancer in a patient comprising administering to the patient the cancer therapeutic and an effective amount of at least one miRNA molecule that improves the efficacy of the cancer therapeutic or protects non-cancer cells. Cancer therapies also include a variety of combination therapies with both chemical and radiation based treatments. Combination chemotherapies include but are not limited to, for example, 5-fluorouracil, alemtuzumab, amrubicin, bevacizumab, bleomycin, bortezomib, busulfan, camptothecin, capecitabine, carboplatin, cetuximab, chlorambucil, cisplatin (CDDP), COX-2 inhibitors (e.g., celecoxib), cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dactinomycin, dasatinib, daunorubicin, dexamethasone, docetaxel, doxorubicin (adriamycin), EGFR inhibitors (gefitinib and cetuximab), erlotinib, estrogen receptor binding agents, etoposide (VP16), everolimus, farnesyl-protein transferase inhibitors, gefitinib, gemcitabine, gemtuzumab, ibritumomab, ifosfamide, imatinib mesylate, larotaxel, lapatinib, lonafarnib, mechlorethamine, melphalan, methotrexate, mitomycin, navelbine, nitrosurea, nocodazole, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, plicomycin, procarbazine, raloxifene, rituximab, sirolimus, sorafenib, sunitinib, tamoxifen, taxol, taxotere, temsirolimus, tipifamib, tositumomab, transplatinum, trastuzumab, vinblastin, vincristin, or vinorelbine or any analog or derivative variant of the foregoing. 
     Generally, inhibitors of miRNAs can be given to decrease the activity of an endogenous miRNA. For example, inhibitors of miRNA molecules that increase cell proliferation can be provided to cells to decrease cell proliferation. The present invention contemplates these embodiments in the context of the different physiological effects observed with the different miRNA molecules and miRNA inhibitors disclosed herein. These include, but are not limited to, the following physiological effects: increase and decreasing cell proliferation, increasing or decreasing apoptosis, increasing transformation, increasing or decreasing cell viability, activating or inhibiting a kinase (e.g., Erk), activating/inducing or inhibiting hTert, inhibit stimulation of growth promoting pathway (e.g., Stat 3 signaling), reduce or increase viable cell number, and increase or decrease number of cells at a particular phase of the cell cycle. Methods of the invention are generally contemplated to include providing or introducing one or more different nucleic acid molecules corresponding to one or more different miRNA molecules. It is contemplated that the following, at least the following, or at most the following number of different nucleic acid or miRNA molecules may be provided or introduced: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, or any range derivable therein. This also applies to the number of different miRNA molecules that can be provided or introduced into a cell. 
     III. PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS AND DELIVERY 
     Methods of the present invention include the delivery of an effective amount of a miRNA or an expression construct encoding the same. An “effective amount” of the pharmaceutical composition, generally, is defined as that amount sufficient to detectably and repeatedly to achieve the stated desired result, for example, to ameliorate, reduce, minimize or limit the extent of the disease or its symptoms. Other more rigorous definitions may apply, including elimination, eradication or cure of disease. 
     B. Administration 
     In certain embodiments, it is desired to kill cells, inhibit cell growth, inhibit metastasis, decrease tumor or tissue size, and/or reverse or reduce the malignant or disease phenotype of cells. The routes of administration will vary, naturally, with the location and nature of the lesion or site to be targeted, and include, e.g., intradermal, subcutaneous, regional, parenteral, intravenous, intramuscular, intranasal, systemic, and oral administration and formulation. Direct injection, intratumoral injection, or injection into tumor vasculature is specifically contemplated for discrete, solid, accessible tumors, or other accessible target areas. Local, regional, or systemic administration also may be appropriate. For tumors of &gt;4 cm, the volume to be administered will be about 4-10 ml (preferably 10 ml), while for tumors of &lt;4 cm, a volume of about 1-3 ml will be used (preferably 3 ml). 
     Multiple injections delivered as a single dose comprise about 0.1 to about 0.5 ml volumes. Compositions of the invention may be administered in multiple injections to a tumor or a targeted site. In certain aspects, injections may be spaced at approximately 1 cm intervals. 
     In the case of surgical intervention, the present invention may be used preoperatively, to render an inoperable tumor subject to resection. Alternatively, the present invention may be used at the time of surgery, and/or thereafter, to treat residual or metastatic disease. For example, a resected tumor bed may be injected or perfused with a formulation comprising a miRNA or combinations thereof. Administration may be continued post-resection, for example, by leaving a catheter implanted at the site of the surgery. Periodic post-surgical treatment also is envisioned. Continuous perfusion of an expression construct or a viral construct also is contemplated. 
     Continuous administration also may be applied where appropriate, for example, where a tumor or other undesired affected area is excised and the tumor bed or targeted site is treated to eliminate residual, microscopic disease. Delivery via syringe or catherization is contemplated. Such continuous perfusion may take place for a period from about 1-2 hours, to about 2-6 hours, to about 6-12 hours, to about 12-24 hours, to about 1-2 days, to about 1-2 wk or longer following the initiation of treatment. Generally, the dose of the therapeutic composition via continuous perfusion will be equivalent to that given by a single or multiple injections, adjusted over a period of time during which the perfusion occurs. 
     Treatment regimens may vary as well and often depend on tumor type, tumor location, immune condition, target site, disease progression, and health and age of the patient. Certain tumor types will require more aggressive treatment. The clinician will be best suited to make such decisions based on the known efficacy and toxicity (if any) of the therapeutic formulations. 
     In certain embodiments, the tumor or affected area being treated may not, at least initially, be resectable. Treatments with compositions of the invention may increase the resectability of the tumor due to shrinkage at the margins or by elimination of certain particularly invasive portions. Following treatments, resection may be possible. Additional treatments subsequent to resection may serve to eliminate microscopic residual disease at the tumor or targeted site. 
     Treatments may include various “unit doses.” A unit dose is defined as containing a predetermined quantity of a therapeutic composition(s). The quantity to be administered, and the particular route and formulation, are within the skill of those in the clinical arts. A unit dose need not be administered as a single injection but may comprise continuous infusion over a set period of time. With respect to a viral component of the present invention, a unit dose may conveniently be described in terms of μg or mg of miRNA or miRNA mimetic. Alternatively, the amount specified may be the amount administered as the average daily, average weekly, or average monthly dose. 
     miRNA can be administered to the patient in a dose or doses of about or of at least about 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, 500, 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560, 570, 580, 590, 600, 610, 620, 630, 640, 650, 660, 670, 680, 690, 700, 710, 720, 730, 740, 750, 760, 770, 780, 790, 800, 810, 820, 830, 840, 850, 860, 870, 880, 890, 900, 910, 920, 930, 940, 950, 960, 970, 980, 990, 1000 μg or mg, or more, or any range derivable therein. Alternatively, the amount specified may be the amount administered as the average daily, average weekly, or average monthly dose, or it may be expressed in terms of mg/kg, where kg refers to the weight of the patient and the mg is specified above. In other embodiments, the amount specified is any number discussed above but expressed as mg/m 2  (with respect to tumor size or patient surface area). 
     C. Injectable Compositions and Formulations 
     In some embodiments, the method for the delivery of a miRNA or an expression construct encoding such or combinations thereof is via systemic administration. However, the pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein may also be administered parenterally, subcutaneously, directly, intratracheally, intravenously, intradermally, intramuscularly, or even intraperitoneally as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,543,158; 5,641,515 and 5,399,363 (each specifically incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). 
     Injection of nucleic acids may be delivered by syringe or any other method used for injection of a solution, as long as the nucleic acid and any associated components can pass through the particular gauge of needle required for injection. A syringe system has also been described for use in gene therapy that permits multiple injections of predetermined quantities of a solution precisely at any depth (U.S. Pat. No. 5,846,225). 
     Solutions of the active compounds as free base or pharmacologically acceptable salts may be prepared in water suitably mixed with a surfactant, such as hydroxypropylcellulose. Dispersions may also be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols, mixtures thereof, and in oils. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations contain a preservative to prevent the growth of microorganisms. The pharmaceutical forms suitable for injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersions (U.S. Pat. No. 5,466,468, specifically incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). In all cases the form must be sterile and must be fluid to the extent that easy syringability exists. It must be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and must be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. The carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (e.g., glycerol, propylene glycol, and liquid polyethylene glycol, and the like), suitable mixtures thereof, and/or vegetable oils. Proper fluidity may be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating, such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersion and by the use of surfactants. The prevention of the action of microorganisms can be brought about by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like. In many cases, it will be preferable to include isotonic agents, for example, sugars or sodium chloride. Prolonged absorption of the injectable compositions can be brought about by the use in the compositions of agents delaying absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and gelatin. 
     In certain formulations, a water-based formulation is employed while in others, it may be lipid-based. In particular embodiments of the invention, a composition comprising a tumor suppressor protein or a nucleic acid encoding the same is in a water-based formulation. In other embodiments, the formulation is lipid based. 
     For parenteral administration in an aqueous solution, for example, the solution should be suitably buffered if necessary and the liquid diluent first rendered isotonic with sufficient saline or glucose. These particular aqueous solutions are especially suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intratumoral, intralesional, and intraperitoneal administration. In this connection, sterile aqueous media which can be employed will be known to those of skill in the art in light of the present disclosure. For example, one dosage may be dissolved in 1 ml of isotonic NaCl solution and either added to 1000 ml of hypodermoclysis fluid or injected at the proposed site of infusion, (see for example, “Remington&#39;s Pharmaceutical Sciences” 15th Edition, pages 1035-1038 and 1570-1580). Some variation in dosage will necessarily occur depending on the condition of the subject being treated. The person responsible for administration will, in any event, determine the appropriate dose for the individual subject. Moreover, for human administration, preparations should meet sterility, pyrogenicity, general safety and purity standards as required by FDA Office of Biologics standards. 
     As used herein, a “carrier” includes any and all solvents, dispersion media, vehicles, coatings, diluents, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, buffers, carrier solutions, suspensions, colloids, and the like. The use of such media and agents for pharmaceutical active substances is well known in the art. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with the active ingredient, its use in the therapeutic compositions is contemplated. Supplementary active ingredients can also be incorporated into the compositions. 
     The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to molecular entities and compositions that do not produce an allergic or similar untoward reaction when administered to a human. 
     The nucleic acid(s) are administered in a manner compatible with the dosage formulation, and in such amount as will be therapeutically effective. The quantity to be administered depends on the subject to be treated, including, e.g., the aggressiveness of the disease or cancer, the size of any tumor(s) or lesions, the previous or other courses of treatment. Precise amounts of active ingredient required to be administered depend on the judgment of the practitioner. Suitable regimes for initial administration and subsequent administration are also variable, but are typified by an initial administration followed by other administrations. Such administration may be systemic, as a single dose, continuous over a period of time spanning 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 minutes, and/or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 or more hours, and/or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, days or more. Moreover, administration may be through a time release or sustained release mechanism, implemented by formulation and/or mode of administration. 
     Various methods for nucleic acid delivery are described, for example in Sambrook et al., 1989 and Ausubel et al., 1994. Such nucleic acid delivery systems comprise the desired nucleic acid, by way of example and not by limitation, in either “naked” form as a “naked” nucleic acid, or formulated in a vehicle suitable for delivery, such as in a complex with a cationic molecule or a liposome forming lipid, or as a component of a vector, or a component of a pharmaceutical composition. The nucleic acid delivery system can be provided to the cell either directly, such as by contacting it with the cell, or indirectly, such as through the action of any biological process. By way of example, and not by limitation, the nucleic acid delivery system can be provided to the cell by endocytosis; receptor targeting; coupling with native or synthetic cell membrane fragments; physical means such as electroporation; combining the nucleic acid delivery system with a polymeric carrier, such as a controlled release film or nanoparticle or microparticle or biocompatible molecules or biodegradable molecules; with vector. The nucleic acid delivery system can be injected into a tissue or fluid surrounding the cell, or administered by diffusion of the nucleic acid delivery system across the cell membrane, or by any active or passive transport mechanism across the cell membrane. Additionally, the nucleic acid delivery system can be provided to the cell using techniques such as antibody-related targeting and antibody-mediated immobilization of a viral vector. 
     D. Combination Treatments 
     In certain embodiments, the compositions and methods of the present invention involve a miRNA, or expression construct encoding such. These miRNA composition can be used in combination with a second therapy to enhance the effect of the miRNA therapy, or increase the therapeutic effect of another therapy being employed. These compositions would be provided in a combined amount effective to achieve the desired effect, such as the killing of a cancer cell and/or the inhibition of cellular hyperproliferation. This process may involve contacting the cells with the miRNA or second therapy at the same or different time. This may be achieved by contacting the cell with one or more compositions or pharmacological formulation that includes or more of the agents, or by contacting the cell with two or more distinct compositions or formulations, wherein one composition provides (1) miRNA; and/or (2) a second therapy. A second composition or method may be administered that includes a chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgical therapy, immunotherapy or gene therapy. 
     It is contemplated that one may provide a patient with the miRNA therapy and the second therapy within about 12-24 h of each other and, more preferably, within about 6-12 h of each other. In some situations, it may be desirable to extend the time period for treatment significantly, however, where several days (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7) to several weeks (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8) lapse between the respective administrations. 
     In certain embodiments, a course of treatment will last 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90 days or more. It is contemplated that one agent may be given on day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, and/or 90, any combination thereof, and another agent is given on day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, and/or 90, or any combination thereof. Within a single day (24-hour period), the patient may be given one or multiple administrations of the agent(s). Moreover, after a course of treatment, it is contemplated that there is a period of time at which no treatment is administered. This time period may last 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 days, and/or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 weeks, and/or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 months or more, depending on the condition of the patient, such as their prognosis, strength, health, etc. 
     Various combinations may be employed, for example miRNA therapy is “A” and a second therapy is “B”: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 A/B/A 
                 B/A/B 
                 B/B/A 
                 A/A/B 
                 A/B/B 
                 B/A/A 
               
               
                 A/B/B/B 
                 B/A/B/B 
                 B/B/B/A 
                 B/B/A/B 
                 A/A/B/B 
                 A/B/A/B 
               
               
                 A/B/B/A 
                 B/B/A/A 
                 B/A/B/A 
                 B/A/A/B 
                 A/A/A/B 
                 B/A/A/A 
               
               
                 A/B/A/A 
                 A/A/B/A 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Administration of any compound or therapy of the present invention to a patient will follow general protocols for the administration of such compounds, taking into account the toxicity, if any, of the vector or any protein or other agent. Therefore, in some embodiments there is a step of monitoring toxicity that is attributable to combination therapy. It is expected that the treatment cycles would be repeated as necessary. It also is contemplated that various standard therapies, as well as surgical intervention, may be applied in combination with the described therapy. 
     In specific aspects, it is contemplated that a second therapy, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, surgical therapy or other gene therapy, is employed in combination with the miRNA therapy, as described herein. 
     2. Chemotherapy 
     A wide variety of chemotherapeutic agents may be used in accordance with the present invention. The term “chemotherapy” refers to the use of drugs to treat cancer. A “chemotherapeutic agent” is used to connote a compound or composition that is administered in the treatment of cancer. These agents or drugs are categorized by their mode of activity within a cell, for example, whether and at what stage they affect the cell cycle. Alternatively, an agent may be characterized based on its ability to directly cross-link DNA, to intercalate into DNA, or to induce chromosomal and mitotic aberrations by affecting nucleic acid synthesis. Most chemotherapeutic agents fall into the following categories: alkylating agents, antimetabolites, antitumor antibiotics, mitotic inhibitors, and nitrosoureas. 
     b. Alkylating Agents 
     Alkylating agents are drugs that directly interact with genomic DNA to prevent the cancer cell from proliferating. This category of chemotherapeutic drugs represents agents that affect all phases of the cell cycle, that is, they are not phase-specific. Alkylating agents can be implemented to treat chronic leukemia, non-Hodgkin&#39;s lymphoma, Hodgkin&#39;s disease, multiple myeloma, and particular cancers of the breast, lung, and ovary. They include: busulfan, chlorambucil, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide (cytoxan), dacarbazine, ifosfamide, mechlorethamine (mustargen), and melphalan. Troglitazaone can be used to treat cancer in combination with any one or more of these alkylating agents. 
     c. Antimetabolites 
     Antimetabolites disrupt DNA and RNA synthesis. Unlike alkylating agents, they specifically influence the cell cycle during S phase. They have been used to combat chronic leukemias in addition to tumors of breast, ovary and the gastrointestinal tract. Antimetabolites include 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cytarabine (Ara-C), fludarabine, gemcitabine, and methotrexate. 
     5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has the chemical name of 5-fluoro-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Its mechanism of action is thought to be by blocking the methylation reaction of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid. Thus, 5-FU interferes with the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and to a lesser extent inhibits the formation of ribonucleic acid (RNA). Since DNA and RNA are essential for cell division and proliferation, it is thought that the effect of 5-FU is to create a thymidine deficiency leading to cell death. Thus, the effect of 5-FU is found in cells that rapidly divide, a characteristic of metastatic cancers. 
     d. Antitumor Antibiotics 
     Antitumor antibiotics have both antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. These drugs also interfere with DNA by chemically inhibiting enzymes and mitosis or altering cellular membranes. These agents are not phase specific so they work in all phases of the cell cycle. Thus, they are widely used for a variety of cancers. Examples of antitumor antibiotics include bleomycin, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), and idarubicin, some of which are discussed in more detail below. Widely used in clinical setting for the treatment of neoplasms, these compounds are administered through bolus injections intravenously at doses ranging from 25-75 mg/m 2  at 21 day intervals for adriamycin, to 35-100 mg/m 2  for etoposide intravenously or orally. 
     e. Mitotic Inhibitors 
     Mitotic inhibitors include plant alkaloids and other natural agents that can inhibit either protein synthesis required for cell division or mitosis. They operate during a specific phase during the cell cycle. Mitotic inhibitors comprise docetaxel, etoposide (VP16), paclitaxel, taxol, taxotere, vinblastine, vincristine, and vinorelbine. 
     f. Nitrosureas 
     Nitrosureas, like alkylating agents, inhibit DNA repair proteins. They are used to treat non-Hodgkin&#39;s lymphomas, multiple myeloma, malignant melanoma, in addition to brain tumors. Examples include carmustine and lomustine. 
     3. Radiotherapy 
     Radiotherapy, also called radiation therapy, is the treatment of cancer and other diseases with ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation deposits energy that injures or destroys cells in the area being treated by damaging their genetic material, making it impossible for these cells to continue to grow. Although radiation damages both cancer cells and normal cells, the latter are able to repair themselves and function properly. Radiotherapy may be used to treat localized solid tumors, such as cancers of the skin, tongue, larynx, brain, breast, or cervix. It can also be used to treat leukemia and lymphoma (cancers of the blood-forming cells and lymphatic system, respectively). 
     Radiation therapy used according to the present invention may include, but is not limited to, the use of γ-rays, X-rays, and/or the directed delivery of radioisotopes to tumor cells. Other forms of DNA damaging factors are also contemplated such as microwaves, proton beam irradiation (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,760,395 and 4,870,287) and UV-irradiation. It is most likely that all of these factors effect a broad range of damage on DNA, on the precursors of DNA, on the replication and repair of DNA, and on the assembly and maintenance of chromosomes. Dosage ranges for X-rays range from daily doses of 50 to 200 roentgens for prolonged periods of time (3 to 4 wk), to single doses of 2000 to 6000 roentgens. Dosage ranges for radioisotopes vary widely, and depend on the half-life of the isotope, the strength and type of radiation emitted, and the uptake by the neoplastic cells. Radiotherapy may comprise the use of radiolabeled antibodies to deliver doses of radiation directly to the cancer site (radioimmunotherapy). Once injected into the body, the antibodies actively seek out the cancer cells, which are destroyed by the cell-killing (cytotoxic) action of the radiation. This approach can minimize the risk of radiation damage to healthy cells. 
     Stereotactic radio-surgery (gamma knife) for brain and other tumors does not use a knife, but very precisely targeted beams of gamma radiotherapy from hundreds of different angles. Only one session of radiotherapy, taking about four to five hours, is needed. For this treatment a specially made metal frame is attached to the head. Then, several scans and x-rays are carried out to find the precise area where the treatment is needed. During the radiotherapy for brain tumors, the patient lies with their head in a large helmet, which has hundreds of holes in it to allow the radiotherapy beams through. Related approaches permit positioning for the treatment of tumors in other areas of the body. 
     4. Immunotherapy 
     In the context of cancer treatment, immunotherapeutics, generally, rely on the use of immune effector cells and molecules to target and destroy cancer cells. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™) is such an example. The immune effector may be, for example, an antibody specific for some marker on the surface of a tumor cell. The antibody alone may serve as an effector of therapy or it may recruit other cells to actually affect cell killing. The antibody also may be conjugated to a drug or toxin (chemotherapeutic, radionuclide, ricin A chain, cholera toxin, pertussis toxin, etc.) and serve merely as a targeting agent. Alternatively, the effector may be a lymphocyte carrying a surface molecule that interacts, either directly or indirectly, with a tumor cell target. Various effector cells include cytotoxic T cells and NK cells. The combination of therapeutic modalities, i.e., direct cytotoxic activity and inhibition or reduction of ErbB2 would provide therapeutic benefit in the treatment of ErbB2 overexpressing cancers. 
     In one aspect of immunotherapy, the tumor or disease cell must bear some marker that is amenable to targeting, i.e., is not present on the majority of other cells. Many tumor markers exist and any of these may be suitable for targeting in the context of the present invention. Common tumor markers include carcinoembryonic antigen, prostate specific antigen, urinary tumor associated antigen, fetal antigen, tyrosinase (p97), gp68, TAG-72, HMFG, Sialyl Lewis Antigen, MucA, MucB, PLAP, estrogen receptor, laminin receptor, erb B and p155. An alternative aspect of immunotherapy is to combine anticancer effects with immune stimulatory effects. Immune stimulating molecules also exist including: cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-12, GM-CSF, gamma-IFN, chemokines such as MIP-1, MCP-1, IL-8 and growth factors such as FLT3 ligand. Combining immune stimulating molecules, either as proteins or using gene delivery in combination with a tumor suppressor such as MDA-7 has been shown to enhance anti-tumor effects (Ju et al., 2000). Moreover, antibodies against any of these compounds can be used to target the anti-cancer agents discussed herein. 
     Examples of immunotherapies currently under investigation or in use are immune adjuvants e.g.,  Mycobacterium bovis, Plasmodium falciparum , dinitrochlorobenzene and aromatic compounds (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,801,005 and 5,739,169; Hui and Hashimoto, 1998; Christodoulides et al., 1998), cytokine therapy e.g., interferons α, β and γ; IL-1, GM-CSF and TNF (Bukowski et al., 1998; Davidson et al., 1998; Hellstrand et al., 1998) gene therapy e.g., TNF, IL-1, IL-2, p53 (Qin et al., 1998; Austin-Ward and Villaseca, 1998; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,830,880 and 5,846,945) and monoclonal antibodies e.g., anti-ganglioside GM2, anti-HER-2, anti-p185; Pietras et al., 1998; Hanibuchi et al., 1998; U.S. Pat. No. 5,824,311). Herceptin (trastuzumab) is a chimeric (mouse-human) monoclonal antibody that blocks the HER2-neu receptor. It possesses anti-tumor activity and has been approved for use in the treatment of malignant tumors (Dillman, 1999). Table 6 is a non-limiting list of several known anti-cancer immunotherapeutic agents and their targets. It is contemplated that one or more of these therapies may be employed with the miRNA therapies described herein. 
     A number of different approaches for passive immunotherapy of cancer exist. They may be broadly categorized into the following: injection of antibodies alone; injection of antibodies coupled to toxins or chemotherapeutic agents; injection of antibodies coupled to radioactive isotopes; injection of anti-idiotype antibodies; and finally, purging of tumor cells in bone marrow. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Generic Name 
                 Target 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Cetuximab 
                 EGFR 
               
               
                   
                 Panitumumab 
                 EGFR 
               
               
                   
                 Trastuzumab 
                 erbB2 receptor 
               
               
                   
                 Bevacizumab 
                 VEGF 
               
               
                   
                 Alemtuzumab 
                 CD52 
               
               
                   
                 Gemtuzumab ozogamicin 
                 CD33 
               
               
                   
                 Rituximab 
                 CD20 
               
               
                   
                 Tositumomab 
                 CD20 
               
               
                   
                 Matuzumab 
                 EGFR 
               
               
                   
                 Ibritumomab tiuxetan 
                 CD20 
               
               
                   
                 Tositumomab 
                 CD20 
               
               
                   
                 HuPAM4 
                 MUC1 
               
               
                   
                 MORAb-009 
                 Mesothelin 
               
               
                   
                 G250 
                 carbonic anhydrase IX 
               
               
                   
                 mAb 8H9 
                 8H9 antigen 
               
               
                   
                 M195 
                 CD33 
               
               
                   
                 Ipilimumab 
                 CTLA4 
               
               
                   
                 HuLuc63 
                 CS1 
               
               
                   
                 Alemtuzumab 
                 CD53 
               
               
                   
                 Epratuzumab 
                 CD22 
               
               
                   
                 BC8 
                 CD45 
               
               
                   
                 HuJ591 
                 Prostate specific membrane antigen 
               
               
                   
                 hA20 
                 CD20 
               
               
                   
                 Lexatumumab 
                 TRAIL receptor-2 
               
               
                   
                 Pertuzumab 
                 HER-2 receptor 
               
               
                   
                 Mik-beta-1 
                 IL-2R 
               
               
                   
                 RAV12 
                 RAAG12 
               
               
                   
                 SGN-30 
                 CD30 
               
               
                   
                 AME-133v 
                 CD20 
               
               
                   
                 HeFi-1 
                 CD30 
               
               
                   
                 BMS-663513 
                 CD137 
               
               
                   
                 Volociximab 
                 anti-α5β1 integrin 
               
               
                   
                 GC1008 
                 TGFβ 
               
               
                   
                 HCD122 
                 CD40 
               
               
                   
                 Siplizumab 
                 CD2 
               
               
                   
                 MORAb-003 
                 Folate receptor alpha 
               
               
                   
                 CNTO 328 
                 IL-6 
               
               
                   
                 MDX-060 
                 CD30 
               
               
                   
                 Ofatumumab 
                 CD20 
               
               
                   
                 SGN-33 
                 CD33 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     5. Gene Therapy 
     In yet another embodiment, a combination treatment involves gene therapy in which a therapeutic polynucleotide is administered before, after, or at the same time as one or more therapeutic miRNA. Delivery of a therapeutic polypeptide or encoding nucleic acid in conjunction with a miRNA may have a combined therapeutic effect on target tissues. A variety of proteins are encompassed within the invention, some of which are described below. Various genes that may be targeted for gene therapy of some form in combination with the present invention include, but are not limited to inducers of cellular proliferation, inhibitors of cellular proliferation, regulators of programmed cell death, cytokines and other therapeutic nucleic acids or nucleic acid that encode therapeutic proteins. 
     The tumor suppressor oncogenes function to inhibit excessive cellular proliferation. The inactivation of these genes destroys their inhibitory activity, resulting in unregulated proliferation. The tumor suppressors (e.g., therapeutic polypeptides) p53, FHIT, p16 and C-CAM can be employed. 
     In addition to p53, another inhibitor of cellular proliferation is p16. The major transitions of the eukaryotic cell cycle are triggered by cyclin-dependent kinases, or CDK&#39;s. One CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), regulates progression through the G1. The activity of this enzyme may be to phosphorylate Rb at late G1. The activity of CDK4 is controlled by an activating subunit, D-type cyclin, and by an inhibitory subunit, the p161NK4 has been biochemically characterized as a protein that specifically binds to and inhibits CDK4, and thus may regulate Rb phosphorylation (Serrano et al., 1993; Serrano et al., 1995). Since the p161NK4 protein is a CDK4 inhibitor (Serrano, 1993), deletion of this gene may increase the activity of CDK4, resulting in hyperphosphorylation of the Rb protein. p16 also is known to regulate the function of CDK6. 
     p161NK4 belongs to a newly described class of CDK-inhibitory proteins that also includes p16B, p19, p21 WAF1, and p27KIP1. The p161NK4 gene maps to 9p21, a chromosome region frequently deleted in many tumor types. Homozygous deletions and mutations of the p161NK4 gene are frequent in human tumor cell lines. This evidence suggests that the p161NK4 gene is a tumor suppressor gene. This interpretation has been challenged, however, by the observation that the frequency of the p161NK4 gene alterations is much lower in primary uncultured tumors than in cultured cell lines (Caldas et al., 1994; Cheng et al., 1994; Hussussian et al., 1994; Kamb et al, 1994; Mori et al., 1994; Okamoto et al., 1994; Nobori et al., 1995; Orlow et al., 1994; Arap et al., 1995). Restoration of wild-type p161NK4 function by transfection with a plasmid expression vector reduced colony formation by some human cancer cell lines (Okamoto, 1994; Arap, 1995). 
     Other genes that may be employed according to the present invention include Rb, APC, DCC, NF-1, NF-2, WT-1, MEN-1, MEN-II, zac1, p73, VHL, MMAC1/PTEN, DBCCR-1, FCC, rsk-3, p27, p27/p16 fusions, p21/p27 fusions, anti-thrombotic genes (e.g., COX-1, TFPI), PGS, Dp, E2F, ras, myc, neu, raf, erb, fms, trk, ret, gsp, hst, abl, E1A, p300, genes involved in angiogenesis (e.g., VEGF, FGF, thrombospondin, BAI-1, GDAIF, or their receptors) and MCC. 
     6. Surgery 
     Approximately 60% of persons with cancer will undergo surgery of some type, which includes preventative, diagnostic or staging, curative and palliative surgery. Curative surgery is a cancer treatment that may be used in conjunction with other therapies, such as the treatment of the present invention, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy and/or alternative therapies. 
     Curative surgery includes resection in which all or part of cancerous tissue is physically removed, excised, and/or destroyed. Tumor resection refers to physical removal of at least part of a tumor. In addition to tumor resection, treatment by surgery includes laser surgery, cryosurgery, electrosurgery, and microscopically controlled surgery (Mohs&#39; surgery). It is further contemplated that the present invention may be used in conjunction with removal of superficial cancers, precancers, or incidental amounts of normal tissue. 
     Upon excision of part of all of cancerous cells, tissue, or tumor, a cavity may be formed in the body. Treatment may be accomplished by perfusion, direct injection or local application of the area with an additional anti-cancer therapy. Such treatment may be repeated, for example, every 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 days, or every 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks or every 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 months. These treatments may be of varying dosages as well. 
     7. Other Agents 
     It is contemplated that other agents may be used in combination with the present invention to improve the therapeutic efficacy of treatment. These additional agents include immunomodulatory agents, agents that affect the upregulation of cell surface receptors and GAP junctions, cytostatic and differentiation agents, inhibitors of cell adhesion, agents that increase the sensitivity of the hyperproliferative cells to apoptotic inducers, or other biological agents. Immunomodulatory agents include tumor necrosis factor; interferon alpha, beta, and gamma; IL-2 and other cytokines; F42K and other cytokine analogs; or MIP-1, MIP-1beta, MCP-1, RANTES, and other chemokines. It is further contemplated that the upregulation of cell surface receptors or their ligands such as Fas/Fas ligand, DR4 or DR5/TRAIL (Apo-2 ligand) would potentiate the apoptotic inducing abilities of the present invention by establishment of an autocrine or paracrine effect on hyperproliferative cells. Increases intercellular signaling by elevating the number of GAP junctions would increase the anti-hyperproliferative effects on the neighboring hyperproliferative cell population. In other embodiments, cytostatic or differentiation agents can be used in combination with the present invention to improve the anti-hyperproliferative efficacy of the treatments. Inhibitors of cell adhesion are contemplated to improve the efficacy of the present invention. Examples of cell adhesion inhibitors are focal adhesion kinase (FAKs) inhibitors and Lovastatin. It is further contemplated that other agents that increase the sensitivity of a hyperproliferative cell to apoptosis, such as the antibody c225, could be used in combination with the present invention to improve the treatment efficacy. 
     Apo2 ligand (Apo2L, also called TRAIL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine family. TRAIL activates rapid apoptosis in many types of cancer cells, yet is not toxic to normal cells. TRAIL mRNA occurs in a wide variety of tissues. Most normal cells appear to be resistant to TRAIL&#39;s cytotoxic action, suggesting the existence of mechanisms that can protect against apoptosis induction by TRAIL. The first receptor described for TRAIL, called death receptor 4 (DR4), contains a cytoplasmic “death domain”; DR4 transmits the apoptosis signal carried by TRAIL. Additional receptors have been identified that bind to TRAIL. One receptor, called DR5, contains a cytoplasmic death domain and signals apoptosis much like DR4. The DR4 and DR5 mRNAs are expressed in many normal tissues and tumor cell lines. Recently, decoy receptors such as DcR1 and DcR2 have been identified that prevent TRAIL from inducing apoptosis through DR4 and DR5. These decoy receptors thus represent a novel mechanism for regulating sensitivity to a pro-apoptotic cytokine directly at the cell&#39;s surface. The preferential expression of these inhibitory receptors in normal tissues suggests that TRAIL may be useful as an anticancer agent that induces apoptosis in cancer cells while sparing normal cells. (Marsters et al, 1999). 
     There have been many advances in the therapy of cancer following the introduction of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs. However, one of the consequences of chemotherapy is the development/acquisition of drug-resistant phenotypes and the development of multiple drug resistance. The development of drug resistance remains a major obstacle in the treatment of such tumors and therefore, there is an obvious need for alternative approaches such as gene therapy. 
     Another form of therapy for use in conjunction with chemotherapy, radiation therapy or biological therapy includes hyperthermia, which is a procedure in which a patient&#39;s tissue is exposed to high temperatures (up to 106° F.). External or internal heating devices may be involved in the application of local, regional, or whole-body hyperthermia. Local hyperthermia involves the application of heat to a small area, such as a tumor. Heat may be generated externally with high-frequency waves targeting a tumor from a device outside the body. Internal heat may involve a sterile probe, including thin, heated wires or hollow tubes filled with warm water, implanted microwave antennae, or radiofrequency electrodes. 
     A patient&#39;s organ or a limb is heated for regional therapy, which is accomplished using devices that produce high energy, such as magnets. Alternatively, some of the patient&#39;s blood may be removed and heated before being perfused into an area that will be internally heated. Whole-body heating may also be implemented in cases where cancer has spread throughout the body. Warm-water blankets, hot wax, inductive coils, and thermal chambers may be used for this purpose. 
     Hormonal therapy may also be used in conjunction with the present invention or in combination with any other cancer therapy previously described. The use of hormones may be employed in the treatment of certain cancers such as breast, prostate, ovarian, or cervical cancer to lower the level or block the effects of certain hormones such as testosterone or estrogen. This treatment is often used in combination with at least one other cancer therapy as a treatment option or to reduce the risk of metastases. 
     This application incorporates U.S. application Ser. No. 11/349,727 filed on Feb. 8, 2006 claiming priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/650,807 filed Feb. 8, 2005 herein by references in its entirety. 
     IV. miRNA MOLECULES 
     MicroRNA molecules (“miRNAs”) are generally 21 to 22 nucleotides in length, though lengths of 19 and up to 23 nucleotides have been reported. The miRNAs are each processed from a longer precursor RNA molecule (“precursor miRNA”). Precursor miRNAs are transcribed from non-protein-encoding genes. The precursor miRNAs have two regions of complementarity that enables them to form a stem-loop- or fold-back-like structure, which is cleaved in animals by a ribonuclease III-like nuclease enzyme called Dicer. The processed miRNA is typically a portion of the stem. 
     The processed miRNA (also referred to as “mature miRNA”) becomes part of a large complex to down-regulate a particular target gene or its gene product. Examples of animal miRNAs include those that imperfectly basepair with the target, which halts translation (Olsen et al., 1999; Seggerson et al., 2002). siRNA molecules also are processed by Dicer, but from a long, double-stranded RNA molecule. siRNAs are not naturally found in animal cells, but they can direct the sequence-specific cleavage of an mRNA target through a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) (Denli et al, 2003). 
     B. Array Preparation 
     Certain embodiments of the present invention concerns the preparation and use of mRNA or nucleic acid arrays, miRNA or nucleic acid arrays, and/or miRNA or nucleic acid probe arrays, which are macroarrays or microarrays of nucleic acid molecules (probes) that are fully or nearly complementary (over the length of the prove) or identical (over the length of the prove) to a plurality of nucleic acid, mRNA or miRNA molecules, precursor miRNA molecules, or nucleic acids derived from the various genes and gene pathways modulated by miR-143 miRNAs and that are positioned on a support or support material in a spatially separated organization. Macroarrays are typically sheets of nitrocellulose or nylon upon which probes have been spotted. Microarrays position the nucleic acid probes more densely such that up to 10,000 nucleic acid molecules can be fit into a region typically 1 to 4 square centimeters. Microarrays can be fabricated by spotting nucleic acid molecules, e.g., genes, oligonucleotides, etc., onto substrates or fabricating oligonucleotide sequences in situ on a substrate. Spotted or fabricated nucleic acid molecules can be applied in a high density matrix pattern of up to about 30 non-identical nucleic acid molecules per square centimeter or higher, e.g. up to about 100 or even 1000 per square centimeter. Microarrays typically use coated glass as the solid support, in contrast to the nitrocellulose-based material of filter arrays. By having an ordered array of marker RNA and/or miRNA-complementing nucleic acid samples, the position of each sample can be tracked and linked to the original sample. 
     A variety of different array devices in which a plurality of distinct nucleic acid probes are stably associated with the surface of a solid support are known to those of skill in the art. Useful substrates for arrays include nylon, glass, metal, plastic, latex, and silicon. Such arrays may vary in a number of different ways, including average probe length, sequence or types of probes, nature of bond between the probe and the array surface, e.g. covalent or non-covalent, and the like. The labeling and screening methods of the present invention and the arrays are not limited in its utility with respect to any parameter except that the probes detect miRNA, or genes or nucleic acid representative of genes; consequently, methods and compositions may be used with a variety of different types of nucleic acid arrays. 
     Representative methods and apparatus for preparing a microarray have been described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,143,854; 5,202,231; 5,242,974; 5,288,644; 5,324,633; 5,384,261; 5,405,783; 5,412,087; 5,424,186; 5,429,807; 5,432,049; 5,436,327; 5,445,934; 5,468,613; 5,470,710; 5,472,672; 5,492,806; 5,525,464; 5,503,980; 5,510,270; 5,525,464; 5,527,681; 5,529,756; 5,532,128; 5,545,531; 5,547,839; 5,554,501; 5,556,752; 5,561,071; 5,571,639; 5,580,726; 5,580,732; 5,593,839; 5,599,695; 5,599,672; 5,610,287; 5,624,711; 5,631,134; 5,639,603; 5,654,413; 5,658,734; 5,661,028; 5,665,547; 5,667,972; 5,695,940; 5,700,637; 5,744,305; 5,800,992; 5,807,522; 5,830,645; 5,837,196; 5,871,928; 5,847,219; 5,876,932; 5,919,626; 6,004,755; 6,087,102; 6,368,799; 6,383,749; 6,617,112; 6,638,717; 6,720,138, as well as WO 93/17126; WO 95/11995; WO 95/21265; WO 95/21944; WO 95/35505; WO 96/31622; WO 97/10365; WO 97/27317; WO 99/35505; WO 09923256; WO 09936760; WO0138580; WO 0168255; WO 03020898; WO 03040410; WO 03053586; WO 03087297; WO 03091426; WO03100012; WO 04020085; WO 04027093; EP 373 203; EP 785 280; EP 799 897 and UK 8 803 000; the disclosures of which are all herein incorporated by reference. 
     It is contemplated that the arrays can be high density arrays, such that they contain 2, 20, 25, 50, 80, 100 or more different probes. It is contemplated that they may contain 1000, 16,000, 65,000, 250,000 or 1,000,000 or more different probes. The probes can be directed to mRNA and/or miRNA targets in one or more different organisms or cell types. The oligonucleotide probes range from 5 to 50, 5 to 45, 10 to 40, 9 to 34, or 15 to 40 nucleotides in length in some embodiments. In certain embodiments, the oligonucleotide probes are 5, 10, 15, 20 to 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 nucleotides in length including all integers and ranges there between. 
     The location and sequence of each different probe sequence in the array are generally known. Moreover, the large number of different probes can occupy a relatively small area providing a high density array having a probe density of generally greater than about 60, 100, 600, 1000, 5,000, 10,000, 40,000, 100,000, or 400,000 different oligonucleotide probes per cm 2 . The surface area of the array can be about or less than about 1, 1.6, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 cm 2 . 
     Moreover, a person of ordinary skill in the art could readily analyze data generated using an array. Such protocols are disclosed above, and include information found in WO 9743450; WO 03023058; WO 03022421; WO 03029485; WO 03067217; WO 03066906; WO 03076928; WO 03093810; WO 03100448A1, all of which are specifically incorporated by reference. 
     C. Sample Preparation 
     It is contemplated that the RNA and/or miRNA of a wide variety of samples can be analyzed using the arrays, index of probes, or array technology of the invention. While endogenous miRNA is contemplated for use with compositions and methods of the invention, recombinant miRNA—including nucleic acids that are complementary or identical to endogenous miRNA or precursor miRNA—can also be handled and analyzed as described herein. Samples may be biological samples, in which case, they can be from biopsy, fine needle aspirates, exfoliates, blood, tissue, organs, semen, saliva, tears, other bodily fluid, hair follicles, skin, or any sample containing or constituting biological cells, particularly cancer or hyperproliferative cells. In certain embodiments, samples may be, but are not limited to, biopsy, or cells purified or enriched to some extent from a biopsy or other bodily fluids or tissues. Alternatively, the sample may not be a biological sample, but be a chemical mixture, such as a cell-free reaction mixture (which may contain one or more biological enzymes). 
     D. Hybridization 
     After an array or a set of probes is prepared and/or the nucleic acid in the sample or probe is labeled, the population of target nucleic acids is contacted with the array or probes under hybridization conditions, where such conditions can be adjusted, as desired, to provide for an optimum level of specificity in view of the particular assay being performed. Suitable hybridization conditions are well known to those of skill in the art and reviewed in Sambrook et al. (2001) and WO 95/21944. Of particular interest in many embodiments is the use of stringent conditions during hybridization. Stringent conditions are known to those of skill in the art. 
     It is specifically contemplated that a single array or set of probes may be contacted with multiple samples. The samples may be labeled with different labels to distinguish the samples. For example, a single array can be contacted with a tumor tissue sample labeled with Cy3, and normal tissue sample labeled with Cy5. Differences between the samples for particular miRNAs corresponding to probes on the array can be readily ascertained and quantified. 
     The small surface area of the array permits uniform hybridization conditions, such as temperature regulation and salt content. Moreover, because of the small area occupied by the high density arrays, hybridization may be carried out in extremely small fluid volumes (e.g., about 250 μl or less, including volumes of about or less than about 5, 10, 25, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 μl, or any range derivable therein). In small volumes, hybridization may proceed very rapidly. 
     E. Differential Expression Analyses 
     Arrays of the invention can be used to detect differences between two samples. Specifically contemplated applications include identifying and/or quantifying differences between miRNA or gene expression from a sample that is normal and from a sample that is not normal, between a disease or condition and a cell not exhibiting such a disease or condition, or between two differently treated samples. Also, miRNA or gene expression may be compared between a sample believed to be susceptible to a particular disease or condition and one believed to be not susceptible or resistant to that disease or condition. A sample that is not normal is one exhibiting phenotypic or genotypic trait(s) of a disease or condition, or one believed to be not normal with respect to that disease or condition. It may be compared to a cell that is normal with respect to that disease or condition. Phenotypic traits include symptoms of, or susceptibility to, a disease or condition of which a component is or may or may not be genetic, or caused by a hyperproliferative or neoplastic cell or cells. 
     An array comprises a solid support with nucleic acid probes attached to the support. Arrays typically comprise a plurality of different nucleic acid probes that are coupled to a surface of a substrate in different, known locations. These arrays, also described as “microarrays” or colloquially “chips” have been generally described in the art, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,143,854, 5,445,934, 5,744,305, 5,677,195, 6,040,193, 5,424,186 and Fodor et al., (1991), each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. Techniques for the synthesis of these arrays using mechanical synthesis methods are described in, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,384,261, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. Although a planar array surface is used in certain aspects, the array may be fabricated on a surface of virtually any shape or even a multiplicity of surfaces. Arrays may be nucleic acids on beads, gels, polymeric surfaces, fibers such as fiber optics, glass or any other appropriate substrate, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,770,358, 5,789,162, 5,708,153, 6,040,193 and 5,800,992, which are hereby incorporated in their entirety for all purposes. Arrays may be packaged in such a manner as to allow for diagnostics or other manipulation of an all inclusive device, see for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,856,174 and 5,922,591 incorporated in their entirety by reference for all purposes. See also U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/545,207, filed Apr. 7, 2000 for additional information concerning arrays, their manufacture, and their characteristics, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. 
     Particularly, arrays can be used to evaluate samples with respect to pathological condition such as cancer and related conditions. It is specifically contemplated that the invention can be used to evaluate differences between stages or sub-classifications of disease, such as between benign, cancerous, and metastatic tissues or tumors. 
     Phenotypic traits to be assessed include characteristics such as longevity, morbidity, expected survival, susceptibility or receptivity to particular drugs or therapeutic treatments (drug efficacy), and risk of drug toxicity. Samples that differ in these phenotypic traits may also be evaluated using the compositions and methods described. 
     In certain embodiments, miRNA and/or expression profiles may be generated to evaluate and correlate those profiles with pharmacokinetics or therapies. For example, these profiles may be created and evaluated for patient tumor and blood samples prior to the patient&#39;s being treated or during treatment to determine if there are miRNA or genes whose expression correlates with the outcome of the patient&#39;s treatment. Identification of differential miRNAs or genes can lead to a diagnostic assay for evaluation of tumor and/or blood samples to determine what drug regimen the patient should be provided. In addition, it can be used to identify or select patients suitable for a particular clinical trial. If an expression profile is determined to be correlated with drug efficacy or drug toxicity that profile is relevant to whether that patient is an appropriate patient for receiving a drug, for receiving a combination of drugs, or for a particular dosage of the drug. 
     In addition to the above prognostic assay, samples from patients with a variety of diseases can be evaluated to determine if different diseases can be identified based on miRNA and/or related gene expression levels. A diagnostic assay can be created based on the profiles that doctors can use to identify individuals with a disease or who are at risk to develop a disease. Alternatively, treatments can be designed based on miRNA profiling. Examples of such methods and compositions are described in the U.S. Provisional Patent Application entitled “Methods and Compositions Involving miRNA and miRNA Inhibitor Molecules” filed on May 23, 2005, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     F. Other Assays 
     In addition to the use of arrays and microarrays, it is contemplated that a number of different assays could be employed to analyze miRNAs or related genes, their activities, and their effects. Such assays include, but are not limited to, nucleic acid amplification, polymerase chain reaction, quantitative PCR, RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, Northern hybridization, hybridization protection assay (HPA)(GenProbe), branched DNA (bDNA) assay (Chiron), rolling circle amplification (RCA), single molecule hybridization detection (US Genomics), Invader assay (ThirdWave Technologies), and/or Bridge Litigation Assay (Genaco). 
     V. NUCLEIC ACIDS 
     The present invention concerns nucleic acids, modified or mimetic nucleic acids, miRNAs, mRNAs, genes, and representative fragments thereof that can be labeled, used in array analysis, or employed in diagnostic, therapeutic, or prognostic applications, particularly those related to pathological conditions such as cancer. The molecules may have been endogenously produced by a cell, or been synthesized or produced chemically or recombinantly. They may be isolated and/or purified. Each of the miRNAs described herein and include the corresponding SEQ ID NO and accession numbers for these miRNA sequences. The name of a miRNA is often abbreviated and referred to without a “hsa-” prefix and will be understood as such, depending on the context. Unless otherwise indicated, miRNAs referred to in the application are human sequences identified as miR-X or let-X, where X is a number and/or letter. 
     In certain aspects, a miRNA probe designated by a suffix “5P” or “3P” can be used. “5P” indicates that the mature miRNA derives from the 5′ end of the precursor and a corresponding “3P” indicates that it derives from the 3′ end of the precursor, as described on the world wide web at sanger.ac.uk. Moreover, in some embodiments, a miRNA probe is used that does not correspond to a known human miRNA. It is contemplated that these non-human miRNA probes may be used in embodiments of the invention or that there may exist a human miRNA that is homologous to the non-human miRNA. In other embodiments, any mammalian cell, biological sample, or preparation thereof may be employed. 
     In some embodiments of the invention, methods and compositions involving miRNA may concern miRNA, markers (mRNAs), and/or other nucleic acids. Nucleic acids may be, be at least, or be at most 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, 500, 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560, 570, 580, 590, 600, 610, 620, 630, 640, 650, 660, 670, 680, 690, 700, 710, 720, 730, 740, 750, 760, 770, 780, 790, 800, 810, 820, 830, 840, 850, 860, 870, 880, 890, 900, 910, 920, 930, 940, 950, 960, 970, 980, 990, or 1000 nucleotides, or any range derivable therein, in length. Such lengths cover the lengths of processed miRNA, miRNA probes, precursor miRNA, miRNA containing vectors, mRNA, mRNA probes, control nucleic acids, and other probes and primers. 
     In many embodiments, miRNA are 19-24 nucleotides in length, while miRNA probes are 19-35 nucleotides in length, depending on the length of the processed miRNA and any flanking regions added. miRNA precursors are generally between 62 and 110 nucleotides in humans. 
     Nucleic acids of the invention may have regions of identity or complementarity to another nucleic acid. It is contemplated that the region of complementarity or identity can be at least 5 contiguous residues, though it is specifically contemplated that the region is, is at least, or is at most 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 441, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, 500, 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560, 570, 580, 590, 600, 610, 620, 630, 640, 650, 660, 670, 680, 690, 700, 710, 720, 730, 740, 750, 760, 770, 780, 790, 800, 810, 820, 830, 840, 850, 860, 870, 880, 890, 900, 910, 920, 930, 940, 950, 960, 970, 980, 990, or 1000 contiguous nucleotides. It is further understood that the length of complementarity within a precursor miRNA or other nucleic acid or between a miRNA probe and a miRNA or a miRNA gene are such lengths. Moreover, the complementarity may be expressed as a percentage, meaning that the complementarity between a probe and its target is 90% or greater over the length of the probe. In some embodiments, complementarity is or is at least 90%, 95% or 100%. In particular, such lengths may be applied to any nucleic acid comprising a nucleic acid sequence identified in any of SEQ ID NO:1-13, accession number, or any other sequence disclosed herein. Typically, the commonly used name of the miRNA is given (with its identifying source in the prefix, for example, “hsa” for human sequences) and the processed miRNA sequence. Unless otherwise indicated, a miRNA without a prefix will be understood to refer to a human miRNA. Moreover, a lowercase letter in a miRNA name may or may not be lowercase; for example, hsa-mir-130b can also be referred to as miR-130B. The term “miRNA probe” refers to a nucleic acid probe that can identify a particular miRNA or structurally related miRNAs. 
     It is understood that some nucleic acids are derived from genomic sequences or a gene. In this respect, the term “gene” is used for simplicity to refer to the genomic sequence encoding the precursor nucleic acid or miRNA for a given miRNA or gene. However, embodiments of the invention may involve genomic sequences of a miRNA that are involved in its expression, such as a promoter or other regulatory sequences. 
     The term “recombinant” may be used and this generally refers to a molecule that has been manipulated in vitro or that is a replicated or expressed product of such a molecule. 
     The term “nucleic acid” is well known in the art. A “nucleic acid” as used herein will generally refer to a molecule (one or more strands) of DNA, RNA or a derivative or analog thereof, comprising a nucleobase. A nucleobase includes, for example, a naturally occurring purine or pyrimidine base found in DNA (e.g., an adenine “A,” a guanine “G,” a thymine “T” or a cytosine “C”) or RNA (e.g., an A, a G, an uracil “U” or a C). The term “nucleic acid” encompasses the terms “oligonucleotide” and “polynucleotide,” each as a subgenus of the term “nucleic acid.” 
     The term “miRNA” generally refers to a single-stranded molecule, but in specific embodiments, molecules implemented in the invention will also encompass a region or an additional strand that is partially (between 10 and 50% complementary across length of strand), substantially (greater than 50% but less than 100% complementary across length of strand) or fully complementary to another region of the same single-stranded molecule or to another nucleic acid. Thus, miRNA may encompass a molecule that comprises one or more complementary or self-complementary strand(s) or “complement(s)” of a particular sequence. For example, precursor miRNA may have a self-complementary region, which is up to 100% complementary. miRNA probes or nucleic acids of the invention can include, can be or can be at least 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 or 100% complementary to their target. 
     It is understood that a “synthetic nucleic acid” of the invention means that the nucleic acid does not have all or part of a chemical structure or sequence of a naturally occurring nucleic acid. Consequently, it will be understood that the term “synthetic miRNA” refers to a “synthetic nucleic acid” that functions in a cell or under physiological conditions as a naturally occurring miRNA. 
     While embodiments of the invention may involve synthetic miRNAs or synthetic nucleic acids, in some embodiments of the invention, the nucleic acid molecule(s) need not be “synthetic.” In certain embodiments, a non-synthetic nucleic acid or miRNA employed in methods and compositions of the invention may have the entire sequence and structure of a naturally occurring mRNA or miRNA precursor or the mature mRNA or miRNA. For example, non-synthetic miRNAs used in methods and compositions of the invention may not have one or more modified nucleotides or nucleotide analogs. In these embodiments, the non-synthetic miRNA may or may not be recombinantly produced. In particular embodiments, the nucleic acid in methods and/or compositions of the invention is specifically a synthetic miRNA and not a non-synthetic miRNA (that is, not an miRNA that qualifies as “synthetic”); though in other embodiments, the invention specifically involves a non-synthetic miRNA and not a synthetic miRNA. Any embodiments discussed with respect to the use of synthetic miRNAs can be applied with respect to non-synthetic miRNAs, and vice versa. 
     It will be understood that the term “naturally occurring” refers to something found in an organism without any intervention by a person; it could refer to a naturally-occurring wildtype or mutant molecule. In some embodiments a synthetic miRNA molecule does not have the sequence of a naturally occurring miRNA molecule. In other embodiments, a synthetic miRNA molecule may have the sequence of a naturally occurring miRNA molecule, but the chemical structure of the molecule, particularly in the part unrelated specifically to the precise sequence (non-sequence chemical structure) differs from chemical structure of the naturally occurring miRNA molecule with that sequence. In some cases, the synthetic miRNA has both a sequence and non-sequence chemical structure that are not found in a naturally-occurring miRNA. Moreover, the sequence of the synthetic molecules will identify which miRNA is effectively being provided or inhibited; the endogenous miRNA will be referred to as the “corresponding miRNA.” Corresponding miRNA sequences that can be used in the context of the invention include, but are not limited to, all or a portion of those sequences in the SEQ IDs provided herein, as well as any other miRNA sequence, miRNA precursor sequence, or any sequence complementary thereof. In some embodiments, the sequence is or is derived from or contains all or part of a sequence identified herein to target a particular miRNA (or set of miRNAs) that can be used with that sequence. 
     As used herein, “hybridization”, “hybridizes” or “capable of hybridizing” is understood to mean the forming of a double or triple stranded molecule or a molecule with partial double or triple stranded nature. The term “anneal” as used herein is synonymous with “hybridize.” The term “hybridization”, “hybridize(s)” or “capable of hybridizing” encompasses the terms “stringent condition(s)” or “high stringency” and the terms “low stringency” or “low stringency condition(s).” 
     As used herein “stringent condition(s)” or “high stringency” are those conditions that allow hybridization between or within one or more nucleic acid strand(s) containing complementary sequence(s), but preclude hybridization of random sequences. Stringent conditions tolerate little, if any, mismatch between a nucleic acid and a target strand. Such conditions are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, and are preferred for applications requiring high selectivity. Non-limiting applications include isolating a nucleic acid, such as a gene or a nucleic acid segment thereof, or detecting at least one specific mRNA transcript or a nucleic acid segment thereof, and the like. 
     Stringent conditions may comprise low salt and/or high temperature conditions, such as provided by about 0.02 M to about 0.5 M NaCl at temperatures of about 42° C. to about 70° C. It is understood that the temperature and ionic strength of a desired stringency are determined in part by the length of the particular nucleic acid(s), the length and nucleobase content of the target sequence(s), the charge composition of the nucleic acid(s), and to the presence or concentration of formamide, tetramethylammonium chloride or other solvent(s) in a hybridization mixture. 
     It is also understood that these ranges, compositions and conditions for hybridization are mentioned by way of non-limiting examples only, and that the desired stringency for a particular hybridization reaction is often determined empirically by comparison to one or more positive or negative controls. Depending on the application envisioned it is preferred to employ varying conditions of hybridization to achieve varying degrees of selectivity of a nucleic acid towards a target sequence. In a non-limiting example, identification of a related target nucleic acid that does not hybridize to a nucleic acid under stringent conditions may be achieved by hybridization at low temperature and/or high ionic strength. Such conditions are termed “low stringency” or “low stringency conditions,” and non-limiting examples of low stringency include hybridization performed at about 0.15 M to about 0.9 M NaCl at a temperature range of about 20° C. to about 50° C. Of course, it is within the skill of one in the art to further modify the low or high stringency conditions to suite a particular application. 
     B. Nucleobase, Nucleoside, Nucleotide, and Modified Nucleotides 
     As used herein a “nucleobase” refers to a heterocyclic base, such as for example a naturally occurring nucleobase (i.e., an A, T, G, C or U) found in at least one naturally occurring nucleic acid (i.e., DNA and RNA), and naturally or non-naturally occurring derivative(s) and analogs of such a nucleobase. A nucleobase generally can form one or more hydrogen bonds (“anneal” or “hybridize”) with at least one naturally occurring nucleobase in a manner that may substitute for naturally occurring nucleobase pairing (e.g., the hydrogen bonding between A and T, G and C, and A and U). 
     “Purine” and/or “pyrimidine” nucleobase(s) encompass naturally occurring purine and/or pyrimidine nucleobases and also derivative(s) and analog(s) thereof, including but not limited to, those a purine or pyrimidine substituted by one or more of an alkyl, caboxyalkyl, amino, hydroxyl, halogen (i.e., fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo), thiol or alkylthiol moiety. Preferred alkyl (e.g., alkyl, caboxyalkyl, etc.) moieties comprise of from about 1, about 2, about 3, about 4, about 5, to about 6 carbon atoms. Other non-limiting examples of a purine or pyrimidine include a deazapurine, a 2,6-diaminopurine, a 5-fluorouracil, a xanthine, a hypoxanthine, a 8-bromoguanine, a 8-chloroguanine, a bromothymine, a 8-aminoguanine, a 8-hydroxyguanine, a 8-methylguanine, a 8-thioguanine, an azaguanine, a 2-aminopurine, a 5-ethylcytosine, a 5-methylcyosine, a 5-bromouracil, a 5-ethyluracil, a 5-iodouracil, a 5-chlorouracil, a 5-propyluracil, a thiouracil, a 2-methyladenine, a methylthioadenine, a N,N-diemethyladenine, an azaadenines, a 8-bromoadenine, a 8-hydroxyadenine, a 6-hydroxyaminopurine, a 6-thiopurine, a 4-(6-aminohexyl/cytosine), and the like. Other examples are well known to those of skill in the art. 
     As used herein, a “nucleoside” refers to an individual chemical unit comprising a nucleobase covalently attached to a nucleobase linker moiety. A non-limiting example of a “nucleobase linker moiety” is a sugar comprising 5-carbon atoms (i.e., a “5-carbon sugar”), including but not limited to a deoxyribose, a ribose, an arabinose, or a derivative or an analog of a 5-carbon sugar. Non-limiting examples of a derivative or an analog of a 5-carbon sugar include a 2′-fluoro-2′-deoxyribose or a carbocyclic sugar where a carbon is substituted for an oxygen atom in the sugar ring. Different types of covalent attachment(s) of a nucleobase to a nucleobase linker moiety are known in the art (Kornberg and Baker, 1992). 
     As used herein, a “nucleotide” refers to a nucleoside further comprising a “backbone moiety”. A backbone moiety generally covalently attaches a nucleotide to another molecule comprising a nucleotide, or to another nucleotide to form a nucleic acid. The “backbone moiety” in naturally occurring nucleotides typically comprises a phosphorus moiety, which is covalently attached to a 5-carbon sugar. The attachment of the backbone moiety typically occurs at either the 3′- or 5′-position of the 5-carbon sugar. However, other types of attachments are known in the art, particularly when a nucleotide comprises derivatives or analogs of a naturally occurring 5-carbon sugar or phosphorus moiety. 
     A nucleic acid may comprise, or be composed entirely of, a derivative or analog of a nucleobase, a nucleobase linker moiety and/or backbone moiety that may be present in a naturally occurring nucleic acid. RNA with nucleic acid analogs may also be labeled according to methods of the invention. As used herein a “derivative” refers to a chemically modified or altered form of a naturally occurring molecule, while the terms “mimic” or “analog” refer to a molecule that may or may not structurally resemble a naturally occurring molecule or moiety, but possesses similar functions. As used herein, a “moiety” generally refers to a smaller chemical or molecular component of a larger chemical or molecular structure. Nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide analogs or derivatives are well known in the art, and have been described (see for example, Scheit, 1980, incorporated herein by reference). 
     Additional non-limiting examples of nucleosides, nucleotides or nucleic acids include those in: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,681,947, 5,652,099 and 5,763,167, 5,614,617, 5,670,663, 5,872,232, 5,859,221, 5,446,137, 5,886,165, 5,714,606, 5,672,697, 5,466,786, 5,792,847, 5,223,618, 5,470,967, 5,378,825, 5,777,092, 5,623,070, 5,610,289, 5,602,240, 5,858,988, 5,214,136, 5,700,922, 5,708,154, 5,728,525, 5,637,683, 6,251,666, 5,480,980, and 5,728,525, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     Labeling methods and kits of the invention specifically contemplate the use of nucleotides that are both modified for attachment of a label and can be incorporated into a miRNA molecule. Such nucleotides include those that can be labeled with a dye, including a fluorescent dye, or with a molecule such as biotin. Labeled nucleotides are readily available; they can be acquired commercially or they can be synthesized by reactions known to those of skill in the art. 
     Modified nucleotides for use in the invention are not naturally occurring nucleotides, but instead, refer to prepared nucleotides that have a reactive moiety on them. Specific reactive functionalities of interest include: amino, sulfhydryl, sulfoxyl, aminosulfhydryl, azido, epoxide, isothiocyanate, isocyanate, anhydride, monochlorotriazine, dichlorotriazine, mono- or dihalogen substituted pyridine, mono- or disubstituted diazine, maleimide, epoxide, aziridine, sulfonyl halide, acid halide, alkyl halide, aryl halide, alkylsulfonate, N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, imido ester, hydrazine, azidonitrophenyl, azide, 3-(2-pyridyl dithio)-propionamide, glyoxal, aldehyde, iodoacetyl, cyanomethyl ester, p-nitrophenyl ester, o-nitrophenyl ester, hydroxypyridine ester, carbonyl imidazole, and the other such chemical groups. In some embodiments, the reactive functionality may be bonded directly to a nucleotide, or it may be bonded to the nucleotide through a linking group. The functional moiety and any linker cannot substantially impair the ability of the nucleotide to be added to the miRNA or to be labeled. Representative linking groups include carbon containing linking groups, typically ranging from about 2 to 18, usually from about 2 to 8 carbon atoms, where the carbon containing linking groups may or may not include one or more heteroatoms, e.g. S, O, N etc., and may or may not include one or more sites of unsaturation. Of particular interest in many embodiments are alkyl linking groups, typically lower alkyl linking groups of 1 to 16, usually 1 to 4 carbon atoms, where the linking groups may include one or more sites of unsaturation. The functionalized nucleotides (or primers) used in the above methods of functionalized target generation may be fabricated using known protocols or purchased from commercial vendors, e.g., Sigma, Roche, Ambion, Biosearch Technologies and NEN. Functional groups may be prepared according to ways known to those of skill in the art, including the representative information found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,404,289; 4,405,711; 4,337,063 and 5,268,486, and U.K. Patent 1,529,202, which are all incorporated by reference. 
     Amine-modified nucleotides are used in several embodiments of the invention. The amine-modified nucleotide is a nucleotide that has a reactive amine group for attachment of the label. It is contemplated that any ribonucleotide (G, A, U, or C) or deoxyribonucleotide (G, A, T, or C) can be modified for labeling. Examples include, but are not limited to, the following modified ribo- and deoxyribo-nucleotides: 5-(3-aminoallyl)-UTP; 8-[(4-amino)butyl]-amino-ATP and 8-[(6-amino)butyl]-amino-ATP; N6-(4-amino)butyl-ATP, N6-(6-amino)butyl-ATP, N4-[2,2-oxy-bis-(ethylamine)]-CTP; N6-(6-Amino)hexyl-ATP; 8-[(6-Amino)hexyl]-amino-ATP; 5-propargylamino-CTP, 5-propargylamino-UTP; 5-(3-aminoallyl)-dUTP; 8-[(4-amino)butyl]-amino-dATP and 8-[(6-amino)butyl]-amino-dATP; N6-(4-amino)butyl-dATP, N6-(6-amino)butyl-dATP, N4-[2,2-oxy-bis-(ethylamine)]-dCTP; N6-(6-Amino)hexyl-dATP; 8-[(6-Amino)hexyl]-amino-dATP; 5-propargylamino-dCTP, and 5-propargylamino-dUTP. Such nucleotides can be prepared according to methods known to those of skill in the art. Moreover, a person of ordinary skill in the art could prepare other nucleotide entities with the same amine-modification, such as a 5-(3-aminoallyl)-CTP, GTP, ATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP, or dUTP in place of a 5-(3-aminoallyl)-UTP. 
     C. Preparation of Nucleic Acids 
     A nucleic acid may be made by any technique known to one of ordinary skill in the art, such as for example, chemical synthesis, enzymatic production, or biological production. It is specifically contemplated that miRNA probes of the invention are chemically synthesized. 
     In some embodiments of the invention, miRNAs are recovered or isolated from a biological sample. The miRNA may be recombinant or it may be natural or endogenous to the cell (produced from the cell&#39;s genome). It is contemplated that a biological sample may be treated in a way so as to enhance the recovery of small RNA molecules such as miRNA. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/667,126 describes such methods and it is specifically incorporated by reference herein. Generally, methods involve lysing cells with a solution having guanidinium and a detergent. 
     Alternatively, nucleic acid synthesis is performed according to standard methods. See, for example, Itakura and Riggs (1980) and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,704,362, 5,221,619, and 5,583,013, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. Non-limiting examples of a synthetic nucleic acid (e.g., a synthetic oligonucleotide), include a nucleic acid made by in vitro chemically synthesis using phosphotriester, phosphite, or phosphoramidite chemistry and solid phase techniques such as described in EP 266,032, incorporated herein by reference, or via deoxynucleoside H-phosphonate intermediates as described by Froehler et al., 1986 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,705,629, each incorporated herein by reference. Various different mechanisms of oligonucleotide synthesis have been disclosed in for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,659,774, 4,816,571, 5,141,813, 5,264,566, 4,959,463, 5,428,148, 5,554,744, 5,574,146, 5,602,244, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     A non-limiting example of an enzymatically produced nucleic acid include one produced by enzymes in amplification reactions such as PCR™ (see for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,683,202 and 4,682,195, each incorporated herein by reference), or the synthesis of an oligonucleotide described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,645,897, incorporated herein by reference. See also Sambrook et al., 2001, incorporated herein by reference). 
     Oligonucleotide synthesis is well known to those of skill in the art. Various different mechanisms of oligonucleotide synthesis have been disclosed in for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,659,774, 4,816,571, 5,141,813, 5,264,566, 4,959,463, 5,428,148, 5,554,744, 5,574,146, 5,602,244, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     Recombinant methods for producing nucleic acids in a cell are well known to those of skill in the art. These include the use of vectors (viral and non-viral), plasmids, cosmids, and other vehicles for delivering a nucleic acid to a cell, which may be the target cell (e.g., a cancer cell) or simply a host cell (to produce large quantities of the desired RNA molecule). Alternatively, such vehicles can be used in the context of a cell free system so long as the reagents for generating the RNA molecule are present. Such methods include those described in Sambrook, 2003, Sambrook, 2001 and Sambrook, 1989, which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     D. Isolation of Nucleic Acids 
     Nucleic acids may be isolated using techniques well known to those of skill in the art, though in particular embodiments, methods for isolating small nucleic acid molecules, and/or isolating RNA molecules can be employed. Chromatography is a process often used to separate or isolate nucleic acids from protein or from other nucleic acids. Such methods can involve electrophoresis with a gel matrix, filter columns, alcohol precipitation, and/or other chromatography. If miRNA from cells is to be used or evaluated, methods generally involve lysing the cells with a chaotropic (e.g., guanidinium isothiocyanate) and/or detergent (e.g., N-lauroyl sarcosine) prior to implementing processes for isolating particular populations of RNA. 
     In particular methods for separating miRNA from other nucleic acids, a gel matrix is prepared using polyacrylamide, though agarose can also be used. The gels may be graded by concentration or they may be uniform. Plates or tubing can be used to hold the gel matrix for electrophoresis. Usually one-dimensional electrophoresis is employed for the separation of nucleic acids. Plates are used to prepare a slab gel, while the tubing (glass or rubber, typically) can be used to prepare a tube gel. The phrase “tube electrophoresis” refers to the use of a tube or tubing, instead of plates, to form the gel. Materials for implementing tube electrophoresis can be readily prepared by a person of skill in the art or purchased, such as from C.B.S. Scientific Co., Inc. or Scie-Plas. 
     Methods may involve the use of organic solvents and/or alcohol to isolate nucleic acids, particularly miRNA used in methods and compositions of the invention. Some embodiments are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/667,126, which is hereby incorporated by reference. Generally, this disclosure provides methods for efficiently isolating small RNA molecules from cells comprising: adding an alcohol solution to a cell lysate and applying the alcohol/lysate mixture to a solid support before eluting the RNA molecules from the solid support. In some embodiments, the amount of alcohol added to a cell lysate achieves an alcohol concentration of about 55% to 60%. While different alcohols can be employed, ethanol works well. A solid support may be any structure, and it includes beads, filters, and columns, which may include a mineral or polymer support with electronegative groups. A glass fiber filter or column has worked particularly well for such isolation procedures. 
     In specific embodiments, miRNA isolation processes include: a) lysing cells in the sample with a lysing solution comprising guanidinium, wherein a lysate with a concentration of at least about 1 M guanidinium is produced; b) extracting miRNA molecules from the lysate with an extraction solution comprising phenol; c) adding to the lysate an alcohol solution for forming a lysate/alcohol mixture, wherein the concentration of alcohol in the mixture is between about 35% to about 70%; d) applying the lysate/alcohol mixture to a solid support; e) eluting the miRNA molecules from the solid support with an ionic solution; and, f) capturing the miRNA molecules. Typically the sample is dried and resuspended in a liquid and volume appropriate for subsequent manipulation. 
     VI. LABELS AND LABELING TECHNIQUES 
     In some embodiments, the present invention concerns miRNA that are labeled. It is contemplated that miRNA may first be isolated and/or purified prior to labeling. This may achieve a reaction that more efficiently labels the miRNA, as opposed to other RNA in a sample in which the miRNA is not isolated or purified prior to labeling. In many embodiments of the invention, the label is non-radioactive. Generally, nucleic acids may be labeled by adding labeled nucleotides (one-step process) or adding nucleotides and labeling the added nucleotides (two-step process). 
     B. Labeling Techniques 
     In some embodiments, nucleic acids are labeled by catalytically adding to the nucleic acid an already labeled nucleotide or nucleotides. One or more labeled nucleotides can be added to miRNA molecules. See U.S. Pat. No. 6,723,509, which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
     In other embodiments, an unlabeled nucleotide or nucleotides is catalytically added to a miRNA, and the unlabeled nucleotide is modified with a chemical moiety that enables it to be subsequently labeled. In embodiments of the invention, the chemical moiety is a reactive amine such that the nucleotide is an amine-modified nucleotide. Examples of amine-modified nucleotides are well known to those of skill in the art, many being commercially available such as from Ambion, Sigma, Jena Bioscience, and TriLink. 
     In contrast to labeling of cDNA during its synthesis, the issue for labeling miRNA is how to label the already existing molecule. The present invention concerns the use of an enzyme capable of using a di- or tri-phosphate ribonucleotide or deoxyribonucleotide as a substrate for its addition to a miRNA. Moreover, in specific embodiments, it involves using a modified di- or tri-phosphate ribonucleotide, which is added to the 3′ end of a miRNA. Enzymes capable of adding such nucleotides include, but are not limited to, poly(A) polymerase, terminal transferase, and polynucleotide phosphorylase. In specific embodiments of the invention, a ligase is contemplated as not being the enzyme used to add the label, and instead, a non-ligase enzyme is employed. Terminal transferase catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the 3′ terminus of a nucleic acid. Polynucleotide phosphorylase can polymerize nucleotide diphosphates without the need for a primer. 
     C. Labels 
     Labels on miRNA or miRNA probes may be colorimetric (includes visible and UV spectrum, including fluorescent), luminescent, enzymatic, or positron emitting (including radioactive). The label may be detected directly or indirectly. Radioactive labels include  125 I,  32 P,  33 P, and  35 S. Examples of enzymatic labels include alkaline phosphatase, luciferase, horseradish peroxidase, and β-galactosidase. Labels can also be proteins with luminescent properties, e.g., green fluorescent protein and phycoerythrin. 
     The colorimetric and fluorescent labels contemplated for use as conjugates include, but are not limited to, Alexa Fluor dyes, BODIPY dyes, such as BODIPY FL; Cascade Blue; Cascade Yellow; coumarin and its derivatives, such as 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin, aminocoumarin and hydroxycoumarin; cyanine dyes, such as Cy3 and Cy5; eosins and erythrosins; fluorescein and its derivatives, such as fluorescein isothiocyanate; macrocyclic chelates of lanthanide ions, such as Quantum Dye™; Marina Blue; Oregon Green; rhodamine dyes, such as rhodamine red, tetramethylrhodamine and rhodamine 6G; Texas Red; fluorescent energy transfer dyes, such as thiazole orange-ethidium heterodimer; and, TOTAB. 
     Specific examples of dyes include, but are not limited to, those identified above and 
     the following: Alexa Fluor 350, Alexa Fluor 405, Alexa Fluor 430, Alexa Fluor 488, Alexa Fluor 500. Alexa Fluor 514, Alexa Fluor 532, Alexa Fluor 546, Alexa Fluor 555, Alexa Fluor 568, Alexa Fluor 594, Alexa Fluor 610, Alexa Fluor 633, Alexa Fluor 647, Alexa Fluor 660, Alexa Fluor 680, Alexa Fluor 700, and, Alexa Fluor 750; amine-reactive BODIPY dyes, such as BODIPY 493/503, BODIPY 530/550, BODIPY 558/568, BODIPY 564/570, BODIPY 576/589, BODIPY 581/591, BODIPY 630/650, BODIPY 650/655, BODIPY FL, BODIPY R6G, BODIPY TMR, and, BODIPY-TR; Cy3, Cy5, 6-FAM, Fluorescein Isothiocyanate, HEX, 6-JOE, Oregon Green 488, Oregon Green 500, Oregon Green 514, Pacific Blue, REG, Rhodamine Green, Rhodamine Red, Renographin, ROX, SYPRO, TAMRA, 2′,4′,5′,7′-Tetrabromosulfonefluorescein, and TET. 
     Specific examples of fluorescently labeled ribonucleotides are available from Molecular Probes, and these include, Alexa Fluor 488-5-UTP, Fluorescein-12-UTP, BODIPY FL-14-UTP, BODIPY TMR-14-UTP, Tetramethylrhodamine-6-UTP, Alexa Fluor 546-14-UTP, Texas Red-5-UTP, and BODIPY TR-14-UTP. Other fluorescent ribonucleotides are available from Amersham Biosciences, such as Cy3-UTP and Cy5-UTP. 
     Examples of fluorescently labeled deoxyribonucleotides include Dinitrophenyl (DNP)-1-dUTP, Cascade Blue-7-dUTP, Alexa Fluor 488-5-dUTP, Fluorescein-12-dUTP, Oregon Green 488-5-dUTP, BODIPY FL-14-dUTP, Rhodamine Green-5-dUTP, Alexa Fluor 532-5-dUTP, BODIPY TMR-14-dUTP, Tetramethylrhodamine-6-dUTP, Alexa Fluor 546-14-dUTP, Alexa Fluor 568-5-dUTP, Texas Red-12-dUTP, Texas Red-5-dUTP, BODIPY TR-14-dUTP, Alexa Fluor 594-5-dUTP, BODIPY 630/650-14-dUTP, BODIPY 650/665-14-dUTP; Alexa Fluor 488-7-OBEA-dCTP, Alexa Fluor 546-16-OBEA-dCTP, Alexa Fluor 594-7-OBEA-dCTP, Alexa Fluor 647-12-OBEA-dCTP. 
     It is contemplated that nucleic acids may be labeled with two different labels. Furthermore, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) may be employed in methods of the invention (e.g., Klostermeier et al., 2002; Emptage, 2001; Didenko, 2001, each incorporated by reference). 
     Alternatively, the label may not be detectable per se, but indirectly detectable or allowing for the isolation or separation of the targeted nucleic acid. For example, the label could be biotin, digoxigenin, polyvalent cations, chelator groups and the other ligands, include ligands for an antibody. 
     D. Visualization Techniques 
     A number of techniques for visualizing or detecting labeled nucleic acids are readily available. Such techniques include, microscopy, arrays, Fluorometry, Light cyclers or other real time PCR machines, FACS analysis, scintillation counters, Phosphoimagers, Geiger counters, MRI, CAT, antibody-based detection methods (Westerns, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry), histochemical techniques, HPLC (Griffey et al., 1997), spectroscopy, capillary gel electrophoresis (Cummins et al., 1996), spectroscopy; mass spectroscopy; radiological techniques; and mass balance techniques. 
     When two or more differentially colored labels are employed, fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) techniques may be employed to characterize association of one or more nucleic acid. Furthermore, a person of ordinary skill in the art is well aware of ways of visualizing, identifying, and characterizing labeled nucleic acids, and accordingly, such protocols may be used as part of the invention. Examples of tools that may be used also include fluorescent microscopy, a BioAnalyzer, a plate reader, Storm (Molecular Dynamics), Array Scanner, FACS (fluorescent activated cell sorter), or any instrument that has the ability to excite and detect a fluorescent molecule. 
     VII. KITS 
     Any of the compositions described herein may be comprised in a kit. In a non-limiting example, reagents for isolating miRNA, labeling miRNA, and/or evaluating a miRNA population using an array, nucleic acid amplification, and/or hybridization can be included in a kit, as well reagents for preparation of samples from blood samples. The kit may further include reagents for creating or synthesizing miRNA probes. The kits will thus comprise, in suitable container means, an enzyme for labeling the miRNA by incorporating labeled nucleotide or unlabeled nucleotides that are subsequently labeled. In certain aspects, the kit can include amplification reagents. In other aspects, the kit may include various supports, such as glass, nylon, polymeric beads, and the like, and/or reagents for coupling any probes and/or target nucleic acids. It may also include one or more buffers, such as reaction buffer, labeling buffer, washing buffer, or a hybridization buffer, compounds for preparing the miRNA probes, and components for isolating miRNA. Other kits of the invention may include components for making a nucleic acid array comprising miRNA, and thus, may include, for example, a solid support. 
     Kits for implementing methods of the invention described herein are specifically contemplated. In some embodiments, there are kits for preparing miRNA for multi-labeling and kits for preparing miRNA probes and/or miRNA arrays. In these embodiments, kit comprise, in suitable container means, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or more of the following: (1) poly(A) polymerase; (2) unmodified nucleotides (G, A, T, C, and/or U); (3) a modified nucleotide (labeled or unlabeled); (4) poly(A) polymerase buffer; and, (5) at least one microfilter; (6) label that can be attached to a nucleotide; (7) at least one miRNA probe; (8) reaction buffer; (9) a miRNA array or components for making such an array; (10) acetic acid; (11) alcohol; (12) solutions for preparing, isolating, enriching, and purifying miRNAs or miRNA probes or arrays. Other reagents include those generally used for manipulating RNA, such as formamide, loading dye, ribonuclease inhibitors, and DNase. 
     In specific embodiments, kits of the invention include an array containing miRNA probes, as described in the application. An array may have probes corresponding to all known miRNAs of an organism or a particular tissue or organ in particular conditions, or to a subset of such probes. The subset of probes on arrays of the invention may be or include those identified as relevant to a particular diagnostic, therapeutic, or prognostic application. For example, the array may contain one or more probes that is indicative or suggestive of (1) a disease or condition (acute myeloid leukemia), (2) susceptibility or resistance to a particular drug or treatment; (3) susceptibility to toxicity from a drug or substance; (4) the stage of development or severity of a disease or condition (prognosis); and (5) genetic predisposition to a disease or condition. 
     For any kit embodiment, including an array, there can be nucleic acid molecules that contain or can be used to amplify a sequence that is a variant of, identical to or complementary to all or part of any of SEQ IDs described herein. In certain embodiments, a kit or array of the invention can contain one or more probes for the miRNAs identified by the SEQ IDs described herein. Any nucleic acid discussed above may be implemented as part of a kit. 
     The components of the kits may be packaged either in aqueous media or in lyophilized form. The container means of the kits will generally include at least one vial, test tube, flask, bottle, syringe or other container means, into which a component may be placed, and preferably, suitably aliquoted. Where there is more than one component in the kit (labeling reagent and label may be packaged together), the kit also will generally contain a second, third or other additional container into which the additional components may be separately placed. However, various combinations of components may be comprised in a vial. The kits of the present invention also will typically include a means for containing the nucleic acids, and any other reagent containers in close confinement for commercial sale. Such containers may include injection or blow molded plastic containers into which the desired vials are retained. 
     When the components of the kit are provided in one and/or more liquid solutions, the liquid solution is an aqueous solution, with a sterile aqueous solution being particularly preferred. 
     However, the components of the kit may be provided as dried powder(s). When reagents and/or components are provided as a dry powder, the powder can be reconstituted by the addition of a suitable solvent. It is envisioned that the solvent may also be provided in another container means. In some embodiments, labeling dyes are provided as a dried power. It is contemplated that 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000 μg or at least or at most those amounts of dried dye are provided in kits of the invention. The dye may then be resuspended in any suitable solvent, such as DMSO. 
     Such kits may also include components that facilitate isolation of the labeled miRNA. It may also include components that preserve or maintain the miRNA or that protect against its degradation. Such components may be RNAse-free or protect against RNAses. Such kits generally will comprise, in suitable means, distinct containers for each individual reagent or solution. 
     A kit will also include instructions for employing the kit components as well the use of any other reagent not included in the kit. Instructions may include variations that can be implemented. 
     Kits of the invention may also include one or more of the following: Control RNA; nuclease-free water; RNase-free containers, such as 1.5 ml tubes; RNase-free elution tubes; PEG or dextran; ethanol; acetic acid; sodium acetate; ammonium acetate; guanidinium; detergent; nucleic acid size marker; RNase-free tube tips; and RNase or DNase inhibitors. 
     It is contemplated that such reagents are embodiments of kits of the invention. Such kits, however, are not limited to the particular items identified above and may include any reagent used for the manipulation or characterization of miRNA. 
     VIII. EXAMPLES 
     The following examples are included to demonstrate preferred embodiments of the invention. It should be appreciated by those of skill in the art that the techniques disclosed in the examples which follow represent techniques discovered by the inventor to function well in the practice of the invention, and thus can be considered to constitute preferred modes for its practice. However, those of skill in the art should, in light of the present disclosure, appreciate that many changes can be made in the specific embodiments which are disclosed and still obtain a like or similar result without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. 
     Example 1 
     Gene Expression Analysis Following Transfection with HSA-miR-143 
     miRNAs are believed to regulate gene expression by binding to target mRNA transcripts and (1) initiating transcript degradation or (2) altering protein translation from the transcript. Translational regulation leading to an up or down change in protein expression may lead to changes in activity and expression of downstream gene products and genes that are in turn regulated by those proteins. These numerous regulatory effects may be revealed as changes in the global mRNA expression profile. Microarray gene expression analyses were performed to identify genes that are mis-regulated by hsa-miR-143 expression. 
     Synthetic Pre-miR-143 (Ambion) or two negative control miRNAs (pre-miR-NC1, Ambion cat. no. AM17110 and pre-miR-NC2, Ambion, cat. no. AM17111) were reverse transfected into quadruplicate samples of A549 cells for each of three time points. Cells were transfected using siPORT NeoFX (Ambion) according to the manufacturer&#39;s recommendations using the following parameters: 200,000 cells per well in a 6 well plate, 5.0 μl of NeoFX, 30 nM final concentration of miRNA in 2.5 ml. Cells were harvested at 4 h, 24 h, and 72 h post transfection. Total RNA was extracted using RNAqueous-4PCR (Ambion) according to the manufacturer&#39;s recommended protocol. 
     mRNA array analyses were performed by Asuragen Services (Austin, Tex.), according to the company&#39;s standard operating procedures. Using the MessageAmp™ II-96 aRNA Amplification Kit (Ambion, cat #1819) 2 μg of total RNA were used for target preparation and labeling with biotin. cRNA yields were quantified using an Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 capillary electrophoresis protocol. Labeled target was hybridized to Affymetrix mRNA arrays (Human HG-U133A 2.0 arrays) using the manufacturer&#39;s recommendations and the following parameters. Hybridizations were carried out at 45° C. for 16 hr in an Affymetrix Model 640 hybridization oven. Arrays were washed and stained on an Affymetrix FS450 Fluidics station, running the wash script Midi_euk2v3 — 450. The arrays were scanned on a Affymetrix GeneChip Scanner 3000. Summaries of the image signal data, group mean values, p-values with significance flags, log ratios and gene annotations for every gene on the array were generated using the Affymetrix Statistical Algorithm MAS 5.0 (GCOS v1.3). Data were reported in a file (cabinet) containing the Affymetrix data and result files and in files (.cel) containing the primary image and processed cell intensities of the arrays. Data were normalized for the effect observed by the average of two negative control microRNA sequences and then were averaged together for presentation. A list of genes whose expression levels varied by at least 0.7 log 2  from the average negative control was assembled. Results of the microarray gene expression analysis are shown in Table 1 above. 
     Manipulation of the expression levels of the genes listed in Table 1 represents a potentially useful therapy for cancer and other diseases in which increased or reduced expression of hsa-miR-143 has a role in the disease. 
     Example 2 
     Cellular Pathways Affected by HSA-miR-143 
     The mis-regulation of gene expression by hsa-miR-143 (Table 1) affects many cellular pathways that represent potential therapeutic targets for the control of cancer and other diseases and disorders. The inventors determined the identity and nature of the cellular genetic pathways affected by the regulatory cascade induced by hsa-miR-143 expression. Cellular pathway analyses were performed using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (Version 4.0, Ingenuity® Systems, Redwood City, Calif.). Alteration of a given pathway was determined by Fisher&#39;s Exact test (Fisher, 1922). The most significantly affected pathways following over-expression of hsa-miR-143 in A549 cells are shown in Table 2. 
     These data demonstrate that hsa-miR-143 directly or indirectly affects the expression of several, cellular proliferation-, development-, and cell growth-related genes and thus primarily affects functional pathways related to cellular growth, cellular development, and cell proliferation. Those cellular processes have integral roles in the development and progression of various cancers. Manipulation of the expression levels of genes in the cellular pathways shown in Table 2 represents a potentially useful therapy for cancer and other diseases in which increased or reduced expression of hsa-miR-143 has a role in the disease. 
     Example 3 
     Predicted Gene Targets of HSA-miR-143 
     Gene targets for binding of and regulation by hsa-miR-143 were predicted using the proprietary algorithm miRNATarget™ (Asuragen), which is an implementation of the method proposed by Krek et al. (2005). Predicted target genes are shown in Table 3. 
     The predicted gene targets that exhibited altered mRNA expression levels in human cancer cells, following transfection with pre-miR hsa-miR-143, are shown in Table 4. 
     The predicted gene targets of hsa-miR-143 whose mRNA expression levels are affected by hsa-miR-143 represent particularly useful candidates for cancer therapy and therapy of other diseases through manipulation of their expression levels. 
     Example 4 
     Cancer Related Gene Expression Altered by HSA-miR-143 
     Cell proliferation, survival, and growth pathways are commonly altered in tumors (Hanahan and Weinberg, 2000). The inventors have shown that hsa-miR-143 directly or indirectly regulates the transcripts of proteins that are critical in the regulation of these pathways. Many of these targets have inherent oncogenic or tumor suppressor activity. Hsa-miR-143 targets that have prognostic and/or therapeutic value for the treatment of various malignancies are shown in Table 5. 
     Hsa-miR-143 targeted cancer genes are regulators of the cell cycle, transcription, intracellular signaling, apoptosis and the thioredoxin redox pathway. Hsa-miR-143 regulates cell cycle progression by altering the expression of Wee1, the retinoblastoma-like 1 protein (RBL1) as well as the cyclins D1 and G1. RBL1, also known as p107, is a member of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein family that includes the pocket proteins p107, p130 and pRb. Similar to the pRb prototype, RBL1 interacts with the E2F family of transcription factors and blocks cell cycle progression and DNA replication (Sherr and McCormick, 2002). A subset of cancers show deregulated expression of RBL1 (Takimoto et al., 1998; Claudio et al., 2002; Wu et al., 2002; Ito et al., 2003). Transient transfection of hsa-miR-143 leads to a decrease in RBL1 mRNA levels which may suggest a proliferative function for hsa-miR-143. In contrast, negative regulation of cyclin D1 and positive regulation of cyclin G1 are indicators of a growth-inhibitory role for hsa-miR-143. Cyclins are co-factors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and function in the progression of the cell cycle. Cyclin D1 is required for the transition from G1 into S phase and is overexpressed in numerous cancer types (Donnellan and Chetty, 1998). (Donnellan and Chetty, 1998). Hsa-miR-143 negatively regulates cyclin D1 expression and therefore might interfere with abnormal cell growth that depends on high levels of cyclin D1. In accordance, cyclin G1 has growth inhibitory activity and is upregulated by hsa-miR-143 (Zhao et al., 2003). Wee1 is a tyrosine kinase that functions as a mitotic inhibitor by phosphorylating the CDK1(cdc2)/cyclinB1 complex (Parker and Piwnica-Worms, 1992; McGowan and Russell, 1993). Lack of Wee1 expression in lung cancer is correlated with a higher proliferation index, a higher relapse rate and poor prognosis (Yoshida et al., 2004). Another hsa-miR-143 target is LMO-4 (LIM domain only 4), a zinc finger protein regulating transcription. LMO-4 is inherently oncogenic and inactivates the BRCA-1 tumor suppressor protein (breast cancer 1) (Sum et al., 2002; Sum et al., 2005). LMO-4 is frequently overexpressed in multiple cancer types and predicts poor outcome in breast cancer (Visvader et al., 2001; Mizunuma et al., 2003; Sum et al., 2005; Taniwaki et al., 2006). Accordingly, RNAi directed against LMO-4 leads to reduced breast cancer cell growth and migration (Sum et al., 2005). Our data indicate that hsa-miR-143 diminishes LMO-4 transcripts and therefore may intercept with the oncogenic properties of LMO-4. 
     Hsa-miR-143 also governs the expression of PDCD4, BCL2L1 and MCL1, all of which are functionally linked to the apoptotic pathway. Pdcd-4 (programmed cell death 4) is a tumor suppressor that is induced in response to apoptosis in normal cells. The growth inhibitory properties of Pdcd-4 are due to Pdcd-4 mediated inhibition of the c-Jun proto-oncoprotein, inhibition of cap-dependent mRNA translation and activation of the p21Waf1/Cip1 CDK inhibitor (Yang et al., 2003; Bitomsky et al., 2004; Goke et al., 2004). Pdcd-4 frequently shows reduced or lost expression in various human malignancies, such as gliomas, hepatocellular carcinomas, lung and renal cell carcinomas (Jansen et al., 2004; Zhang et al., 2006; Gao et al., 2007). Expression of Pdcd-4 interferes with skin carcinogenesis in a mouse model and suppresses growth of human colon carcinoma cells (Jansen et al., 2005; Yang et al., 2006). Loss of Pdcd-4 also correlates with lung tumor progression (Chen et al., 2003). Since hsa-miR-143 positively regulates Pdcd-4 expression, a hsa-miR-143 based therapy may reconstitute Pdcd-4 function. BCL2L1 and MCL1 are members of the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 (B cell lymphoma 2) gene family that give rise to two alternatively spliced gene products with opposing functions (Boise et al., 1993; Bae et al., 2000). The predominantly expressed protein encoded by BCL2L1 is Bcl-XL which—next to BCL-2—is a major inhibitor of programmed cell death. Overexpression of Bcl-XL is detected in numerous cancer types and correlates with tumor progression as well as poor survival (Manion and Hockenbery, 2003). Increased levels of Bcl-XL are also associated with resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy (Fesik, 2005). Transient transfection of hsa-miR-143 leads to a reduction of Bcl-XL transcripts and therefore might provide a therapeutic benefit to oncogenic cells with increased expression of Bcl-XL. Mcl-1 (myeloid leukemia 1) is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, testicular tumor, multiple myeloma and various leukemias [see refs in Table 5]. Similar to Bcl-XL, high levels of Mcl-1 is correlated with poor prognosis of patients with ovarian carcinoma and is indicative for leukemic relapse (Kaufmann et al., 1998; Shigemasa et al., 2002). RNA interference against Mcl-1 induces a therapeutic response in gastric and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Schulze-Bergkamen et al., 2006; Zangemeister-Wittke and Huwiler, 2006). 
     Molecules regulated by hsa-miR-143 that function in intracellular signal transduction include the inflammatory interleukin 8 (IL-8), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) receptor 2 (TGFBR2) and A-kinase anchor protein 12 (AKAP12). IL-8 is frequently upregulated in various cancers and correlates with tumor vascularization, metastasis and poor prognosis (Rosenkilde and Schwartz, 2004; Sparmann and Bar-Sagi, 2004). TGFBR-2 forms a functional complex with TGFBR-1 and is the primary receptor for TGF-β (Massague et al., 2000). Central role of TGF-β is inhibition of cellular growth of numerous cell types, such as epithelial, endothelial, hematopoietic neural and mesenchymal cells. Many mammary and colorectal carcinomas with microsatellite instability harbor inactivating mutations of TGFBR-2, and therefore escape the growth-inhibitory function of TGF-β (Markowitz et al., 1995; Lucke et al., 2001). AKAP12, also referred to as gravin or SSeCKS (Src suppressed C kinase substrate), functions as a kinase scaffold protein that tethers the enzyme-substrate interaction (Nauert et al, 1997). Expression of AKAP12 interferes with oncogenic cell transformation induced by the Src or Jun. oncoproteins in vitro and is lost or reduced in numerous cancers, such as leukemia and carcinomas of the rectum, lung and stomach (Lin and Gelman, 1997; Cohen et al., 2001; Xia et al., 2001; Wikman et al., 2002; Boultwood et al., 2004; Choi et al., 2004; Mori et al., 2006). An apparent anti-oncogenic activity of AKAP12 in prostate and gastric cancers marks this protein as a putative tumor suppressor (Xia et al., 2001; Choi et al., 2004). 
     Based on the functions for most of these targets and how they are regulated by hsa-miR-143, hsa-miR-143 appears to have tumor suppressor potential. This view is supported by our observation that most cancers show reduced expression of miR-143. However, hsa-miR-143 also regulates gene expression in a manner that suggests a role for hsa-miR-143 in the development or progression of disease. For instance, hsa-miR-143 stimulates the expression of thioredoxin (TXN), a 12-kDa thiol reductase targeting various proteins and multiple pathways. Thioredoxin modulates the activity of transcription factors, induces the expression of angiogenic Hif-1α (hypoxia induced factor 1α) as well as VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and can act as a proliferative and anti-apoptotic agent (Marks, 2006). In accord, carcinomas of the lung, pancreas, cervix, and liver show increased levels of thioredoxin. Thioredoxin expression is also correlated with aggressive tumor growth, poor prognosis, and chemoresistance (Marks, 2006). Therefore, a hsa-miR-143 antagonist may have therapeutic potential in cancers that show altered expression of thioredoxin. 
     In summary and not intending to limit the invention by any particular theory, hsa-miR-143 governs the activity of proteins that are critical regulators of cell proliferation and survival. These targets are frequently deregulated in human cancer. Based on this review of the genes and related pathways that are regulated by miR-143, introduction of hsa-miR-143 or an anti-hsa-miR-143 into a variety of cancer cell types would likely result in a therapeutic response. 
     Example 5 
     Delivery of Synthetic HSA-miR-143 Inhibits Tumor Growth of Lung Cancer Cells in Mice 
     The inventors assessed the therapeutic activity of hsa-miR-143 in human lung cancer xenografts grown in immunodeficient mice. Hsa-miR-143 (Pre-miR™ microRNA Precursor Molecule; Ambion cat. no. AM17100) was delivered into A549 lung cancer cells via electroporation using the Gene Pulser Xcell™ (BioRad) with the following settings: 15×10 6  cells with 5 μg miRNA in 200 μl OptiMEM (Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, Calif., USA), square wave pulse at 150 V for 10 ms. Electroporated cells (5×10 6 ) were mixed with BD Matrigel™, (BD Biosciences; San Jose, Calif., USA; cat. no. 356237) in a 1:1 ratio and injected subcutaneously into the flank of female NOD/SCID mice (Charles River Laboratories, Inc.; Wilmington, Mass., USA). As a negative control, A549 cells were electroporated with negative control miRNA (NC; Pre-miR™ microRNA Precursor Molecule-Negative Control #2; Ambion cat. no. AM17111) as described above. To assess the anti-oncogenic activity of miR-143, a group of five animals was injected with A549 cells. NC-treated cells were injected into the opposite flank of the same animal to control for animal-to-animal variability. Once tumors reached a measurable size (9 days post injection), the length and width of tumors were determined every day until day 13 after xenograft implantation. Tumor volumes were calculated using the formula, Volume=(length X width X width)/2, in which the length is greater than the width. Tumor volumes derived from NC-treated cells and miR-143-treated cells were averaged and plotted over time ( FIG. 1 ). Data points with p values less than 0.05 are indicated in the graph. 
     Administration of miR-143 into the A549 lung cancer cells inhibited tumor growth in vivo ( FIG. 1 ). Cancer cells that received negative control miRNA developed more rapidly than cells treated with hsa-miR-143. These data suggest that hsa-miR-143 represents a particularly useful candidate in the treatment of lung cancer and potentially other diseases. 
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