Patent Publication Number: US-2023152197-A1

Title: Determining intrinsic viscosity and huggins constant of an unknown sample

Description:
PRIORITY 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/840,478, filed Apr. 6, 2020. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The present disclosure relates to samples, and more specifically, to determining intrinsic viscosity and Huggins constant of an unknown sample. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present disclosure describes a computer implemented method, a system, and a computer program product of determining intrinsic viscosity and Huggins constant of an unknown sample. In an exemplary embodiment, the computer implemented method, the system, and the computer program product include (1) receiving, by a computer system, concentration detector signal values over time, c meas (t), from a concentration detector, where the concentration detector signal values correspond to concentration values of a series of aliquots of an unknown sample injected into an instrument chain, where the instrument chain includes the concentration detector, (2) receiving, by the computer system, specific viscosity values over time, η sp (t), from a viscometer, where the specific viscosity values correspond to the series of aliquots, where the instrument chain further includes the viscometer, (3) executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a total mass of each of the aliquots, m i , as a first integral function of the received concentration detector signal values, c meas (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots, (4) executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a first intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , as a second integral function of the received specific viscosity values, η sp (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots, (5) executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a second intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, I2η i , as a third integral function of the received specific viscosity values, η sp (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots, and (6) executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations fitting the total mass of the each of the aliquots, m i , the first intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , and the second intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, I2η i , to a fitting function comprising the first integral function, a floating intrinsic viscosity of the unknown sample, [η], the second integral function, a floating Huggins constant of the unknown sample, K h , and the third integral function, resulting in a calculated intrinsic viscosity of the unknown sample and a calculated Huggins constant of the unknown sample. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1 A  depicts a flowchart in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  1 B  depicts a block diagram in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  2    depicts a flowchart in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  3    depicts a graph in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  4 A  depicts a graph in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  4 B  depicts a graph in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  4 C  depicts data in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  5 A  depicts a graph in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  5 B  depicts a graph in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  5 C  depicts data in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  6 A  depicts a graph in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  6 B  depicts a graph in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  6 C  depicts data in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  7    depicts a graph in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG.  8    depicts a computer system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  9 A  depicts a flowchart in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  9 B  depicts a block diagram in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  10 A  depicts a flowchart in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  10 B  depicts a block diagram in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The present disclosure describes a computer implemented method, a system, and a computer program product of determining intrinsic viscosity and Huggins constant of an unknown sample. In an exemplary embodiment, the computer implemented method, the system, and the computer program product include (1) receiving, by a computer system, concentration detector signal values over time, c meas (t), from a concentration detector, where the concentration detector signal values correspond to concentration values of a series of aliquots of an unknown sample injected into an instrument chain, where the instrument chain includes the concentration detector, (2) receiving, by the computer system, specific viscosity values over time, η sp (t), from a viscometer, where the specific viscosity values correspond to the series of aliquots, where the instrument chain further includes the viscometer, (3) executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a total mass of each of the aliquots, m i , as a first integral function of the received concentration detector signal values, c meas (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots, (4) executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a first intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , as a second integral function of the received specific viscosity values, η sp (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots, (5) executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a second intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, I2η i , as a third integral function of the received specific viscosity values, η sp (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots, and (6) executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations fitting the total mass of the each of the aliquots, m i , the first intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , and the second intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, I2η i , to a fitting function comprising the first integral function, a floating intrinsic viscosity of the unknown sample, [η], the second integral function, a floating Huggins constant of the unknown sample, K h , and the third integral function, resulting in a calculated intrinsic viscosity of the unknown sample and a calculated Huggins constant of the unknown sample. 
     In an embodiment, the concentration detector is one of a differential refractive index detector (dRI), an ultraviolet absorption detector, a visual absorption detector, an infrared absorption detector, a fluorescence detector, and an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). In an specific embodiment, the concentration detector is a differential refractive index detector (dRI). In an embodiment, the viscometer is a differential viscometer. In an embodiment, the instrument chain includes a thermal transport measurement device. In an embodiment, the instrument chain includes a mass flow meter. 
     In an embodiment, the computer implemented method, the system, and the computer program product enable calculating the intrinsic viscosity and the Huggins constant of an unknown sample via a concentration detector serially connected to a concentration detector. In an embodiment, the computer implemented method, the system, and the computer program product enable calculating the intrinsic viscosity and the Huggins constant of small volumes of an unknown sample via a concentration detector serially connected to a concentration detector. 
     Definitions 
     Particle 
     A particle may be a constituent of a liquid sample aliquot. Such particles may be molecules of varying types and sizes, nanoparticles, virus like particles, liposomes, emulsions, bacteria, and colloids. These particles may range in size on the order of nanometer to microns. 
     Analysis of Macromolecular or Particle Species in Solution 
     The analysis of macromolecular or particle species in solution may be achieved by preparing a sample in an appropriate solvent and then injecting an aliquot thereof into a separation system such as a liquid chromatography (LC) column or field flow fractionation (FFF) channel where the different species of particles contained within the sample are separated into their various constituencies. Once separated, generally based on size, mass, or column affinity, the samples may be subjected to analysis by means of light scattering, refractive index, ultraviolet absorption, electrophoretic mobility, and viscometric response. 
     Concentration Detector 
     Differential Refractive Index Detector 
     A differential refractive index detector (dRI), or differential refractometer, or refractive index detector (RI or RID), is a detector that measures the refractive index of an analyte relative to the solvent. They are often used as detectors for high-performance liquid chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. dRIs are considered to be universal detectors because they can detect anything with a refractive index different from the solvent, but they have low sensitivity. When light leaves one material and enters another it bends, or refracts. The refractive index of a material is a measure of how much light bends when it enters. 
     A differential refractive index detector contain a flow cell with the following two parts: one for the sample; and one for the reference solvent. The dRI measures the refractive index of both components. When only solvent is passing through the sample component, the measured refractive index of both components is the same, but when an analyte passes through the flow cell, the two measured refractive indices are different. The difference appears as a peak in the chromatogram. Differential refractive index detectors are often used for the analysis of polymer samples in size exclusion chromatography. A dRI could output a concentration detector signal value corresponding to a concentration value of a sample. 
     Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy 
     Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy or ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis or UV/Vis) refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible spectral region. An ultraviolet-visible detector/ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer uses light in the visible and adjacent ranges, where the absorption or reflectance in the visible range directly affects the perceived color of the chemicals involved, where in this region of the electromagnetic spectrum, atoms and molecules undergo electronic transitions. Such absorption spectroscopy measures transitions from the ground state to the excited state. An ultraviolet-visible detector/ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer measures the intensity of light passing through a sample (I), and compares it to the intensity of light before it passes through the sample (I o ), where the ratio I/I o  is called the transmittance, and is usually expressed as a percentage (% T). The absorbance, A, is based on the transmittance according to 
         A =−log(%  T/ 100%)
 
     The UV-visible spectrophotometer can also be configured to measure reflectance, where the spectrophotometer measures the intensity of light reflected from a sample (I), and compares it to the intensity of light reflected from a reference material (I o ), where the ratio I/I o  is called the reflectance, and is usually expressed as a percentage (% R). An ultraviolet absorption detector could output a concentration detector signal value corresponding to a concentration value of a sample. 
     Viscometer 
     A capillary bridge viscometer (VIS) is an instrument used to measure the specific viscosity of a solute in a suitable solvent. The specific viscosity is defined as η sp =η/η o −1, where η is the viscosity of the sample and η o  is the viscosity of the solvent. As a sample is introduced into the bridge viscometer, a pressure transducer generates a signal indicative of a pressure differential. This pressure differential, combined with a predetermined internal pressure of the system, is used to calculate the specific viscosity of the sample. The specific viscosity is useful in determining the molecular parameters of a polymer including molar mass and hydrodynamic radius. 
     The differential pressure transducer in a capillary bridge viscometer measures the differential pressure generated across fluid arms. The instrument measures the differential pressure values continuously while flowing fluid through the system. When pure solvent flows through the system and the bridge is balanced, the differential pressure measured should be zero. Impurities in the solvent, undissolved air bubbles, electrical noise, or micro leaks in the plumbing could cause undesired noise in the differential pressure measurement, which ultimately is used to determine the specific viscosity. 
     Current Technologies 
     Current technologies could calculate the intrinsic viscosity and the Huggins constant of large volumes of an unknown sample. However, such large volumes of sample may not be practical or cost effective in certain applications, such as pharmaceutical formulations of antibody drugs. In the early stages of pharmaceutical formulation/drug discovery, proteins may be generated in small volumes and relatively low concentrations (&lt;10 mg/ml). When the drug is formulated for clinical use, the proteins may have high concentrations (100-200 mg/ml). 
     There is a need to calculate the intrinsic viscosity and the Huggins constant of small volumes of an unknown sample via a concentration detector serially connected to a concentration detector. 
     Referring to  FIG.  1 A , in an exemplary embodiment, the computer implemented method, the system, and the computer program product are configured to perform an operation  110  of receiving, by a computer system, concentration detector signal values over time, c meas (t), from a concentration detector, where the concentration detector signal values correspond to concentration values of a series of aliquots of an unknown sample injected into an instrument chain, where the instrument chain includes the concentration detector, an operation  112  of receiving, by the computer system, specific viscosity values overtime, η sp (t), from a viscometer, where the specific viscosity values correspond to the series of aliquots, where the instrument chain further includes the viscometer, an operation  114  of executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a total mass of each of the aliquots, m i , as a first integral function of the received concentration detector signal values, c meas (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots, an operation  116  of executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a first intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , as a second integral function of the received specific viscosity values, η sp (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots, an operation  118  of executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a second intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, I2η i , as a third integral function of the received specific viscosity values, η sp (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots, and an operation  120  of executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations fitting the total mass of the each of the aliquots, m i , the first intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , and the second intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, I2η i , to a fitting function comprising the first integral function, a floating intrinsic viscosity of the unknown sample, [η], the second integral function, a floating Huggins constant of the unknown sample, K h , and the third integral function, resulting in a calculated intrinsic viscosity of the unknown sample and a calculated Huggins constant of the unknown sample. 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the computer system is a standalone computer system, such as computer system  800  shown in  FIG.  8   , a network of distributed computers, where at least some of the computers are computer systems such as computer system  800  shown in  FIG.  8   , or a cloud computing node server, such as computer system  800  shown in  FIG.  8   . In an embodiment, the computer system is a computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , that executes an analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out the operations of at least method  100 . In an embodiment, the computer system is a computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , that executes an analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out the operations of at least method  100 . In an embodiment, the computer system is a processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , that executes an analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out the operations of at least method  100 . In an embodiment, the computer system is a processor of the analytical instrument, that executes an analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out the operations of at least method  100 . 
     In an embodiment, the computer system is a computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , that executes an analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out at least operations  110 ,  112 ,  114 ,  116 ,  118 , and  120 . In an embodiment, the computer system is a computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , that executes an in analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out at least operations  110 ,  112 ,  114 ,  116 ,  118 , and  120 . In an embodiment, the computer system is a processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , that executes an analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out at least operations  110 ,  112 ,  114 ,  116 ,  118 , and  120 . In an embodiment, the computer system is a processor of the analytical instrument, that executes an analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out at least operations  110 ,  112 ,  114 ,  116 ,  118 , and  120 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  1 B , in an exemplary embodiment, the computer implemented method, the system, and the computer program product include a receiver  130 , a calculator  132 , and a fitter  134 . In an embodiment, receiver  130  is configured to receive concentration detector signal values over time  140 , c meas (t), from a concentration detector  150 , where concentration detector signal values  140  correspond to concentration values of a series of aliquots  154  of an unknown sample injected into an instrument chain, where the instrument chain includes concentration detector  150 . In an embodiment, receiver  130  includes a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  110 . In an embodiment, receiver  130  includes a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  110 . In an embodiment, receiver  130  includes a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  110 . In an embodiment, receiver  130  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  110 . In an embodiment, receiver  130  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  110 . In an embodiment, receiver  130  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  110 . In an embodiment, receiver  130  performs operation  110  as computer software executing on a processor of receiver  130 . 
     In an embodiment, receiver  130  is configured to receive specific viscosity values over time  142 , η sp (t), from a viscometer  152 , where specific viscosity values  142  correspond to series of aliquots  154 , where the instrument chain further includes viscometer  152 . In an embodiment, receiver  130  includes a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  112 . In an embodiment, receiver  130  includes a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  112 . In an embodiment, receiver  130  includes a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  112 . In an embodiment, receiver  130  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  112 . In an embodiment, receiver  130  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  112 . In an embodiment, receiver  130  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  112 . In an embodiment, receiver  130  performs operation  112  as computer software executing on a processor of receiver  130 . 
     In an embodiment, calculator  132  is configured to execute a set of logical operations calculating a total mass of each of the aliquots  160 , m i , as a first integral function of received concentration detector signal values  140 , c meas (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots. In an embodiment, calculator  132  includes a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  114 . In an embodiment, calculator  132  includes a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  114 . In an embodiment, calculator  132  includes a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  114 . In an embodiment, calculator  132  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  114 . In an embodiment, calculator  132  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  114 . In an embodiment, calculator  132  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  114 . In an embodiment, calculator  132  performs operation  114  as computer software executing on a processor of calculator  132 . 
     In an embodiment, calculator  132  is configured to execute a set of logical operations calculating a first intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots  162 , Iη i , as a second integral function of received specific viscosity values  142 , η sp (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots. In an embodiment, calculator  132  includes a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  116 . In an embodiment, calculator  132  includes a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  116 . In an embodiment, calculator  132  includes a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  116 . In an embodiment, calculator  132  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  116 . In an embodiment, calculator  132  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  116 . In an embodiment, calculator  132  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  116 . In an embodiment, calculator  132  performs operation  116  as computer software executing on a processor of calculator  132 . 
     In an embodiment, calculator  132  is configured to execute a set of logical operations calculating a second intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots  164 , I2η i , as a third integral function of received specific viscosity values  142 , η sp (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots. In an embodiment, calculator  132  includes a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  118 . In an embodiment, calculator  132  includes a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  118 . In an embodiment, calculator  132  includes a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  118 . In an embodiment, calculator  132  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  118 . In an embodiment, calculator  132  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  118 . In an embodiment, calculator  132  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  118 . In an embodiment, calculator  132  performs operation  118  as computer software executing on a processor of calculator  132 . 
     In an embodiment, fitter  134  is configured to execute a set of logical operations fitting total mass of the each of the aliquots  160 , m i , first intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots  162 , Iη i , and second intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots  164 , I2η i , to a fitting function comprising the first integral function, a floating intrinsic viscosity of the unknown sample, [η], the second integral function, a floating Huggins constant of the unknown sample, K h , and the third integral function, resulting in a calculated intrinsic viscosity of the unknown sample  166  and a calculated Huggins constant of the unknown sample  168 . In an embodiment, fitter  134  includes a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  120 . In an embodiment, fitter  134  a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  120 . In an embodiment, fitter  134  includes a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  120 . In an embodiment, fitter  134  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  120 . In an embodiment, fitter  134  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  120 . In an embodiment, fitter  134  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  120 . In an embodiment, fitter  134  performs operation  120  as computer software executing on a processor of fitter  134 . 
     Calculating Total Mass 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the first integral function is 
     
       
         
           
             	 
             
               
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     Calculating First Intermediate Viscosity Value 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the second integral function is 
     
       
         
           
             	 
             
               
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     Calculating Second Intermediate Viscosity Value 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the third integral function is 
     
       
         
           
             	 
             
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     Fitting Total Mass, First Intermediate Viscosity Value, and Second Intermediate Viscosity Value to Fitting Function 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the fitting comprises a least squares fitting. In an embodiment, the least squares fitting comprises a non-linear least squares fitting. In an embodiment, the fitting function is 
     
       
         
           
             	 
             
               
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     Calculating Figure of Merit (FOM) 
     In a further embodiment, the computer implemented method, the system, and the computer program product further include executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a figure of merit, FOM, characterizing a contribution of K h  to fitting, as a ratio function of K h , the second intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, I2η i , and the first intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, Iη i . In a further embodiment, the computer implemented method, the system, and the computer program product are further configured to perform an operation of executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a figure of merit, FOM, characterizing a contribution of K h  to fitting, as a ratio function of K h , the second intermediate viscosity value  164  of the each of the aliquots, I2η i , and the first intermediate viscosity value  162  of the each of the aliquots, Iη i . 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the ratio function is 
       FOM=( K   h   I 2η i )/ Iη   i  
 
     The figure of merit, FOM, is a dimensionless number that could characterize the Huggins constant, K h , contribution to the data/fitting. If the FOM were to be too small, then the K h  contribution to the data/fitting would be small, resulting in an inaccurate calculated Huggins constant, K h , as indicated by a high standard error in the calculated Huggins constant, Kh, value. If K h  were &gt;=1, then approximations used to derive the fitting function would not be valid, also resulting in an inaccurate calculated Huggins constant, K h . If the FOM were between 0.05 and 0.5, then the calculated Huggins constant, K h , could be reliable. 
     In an embodiment, the computer system includes a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , executing a set of logical operations calculating a figure of merit, FOM, characterizing a contribution of K h  to fitting, as a ratio function of K h , the second intermediate viscosity value  164  of the each of the aliquots, I2η i , and the first intermediate viscosity value  162  of the each of the aliquots, Iη i . In an embodiment, the computer system includes a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , executing a set of logical operations calculating a figure of merit, FOM, characterizing a contribution of K h  to fitting, as a ratio function of K h , the second intermediate viscosity value  164  of the each of the aliquots, I2η i , and the first intermediate viscosity value  162  of the each of the aliquots, Iη i . In an embodiment, the computer system includes a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , executing a set of logical operations calculating a figure of merit, FOM, characterizing a contribution of K h  to fitting, as a ratio function of K h , the second intermediate viscosity value  164  of the each of the aliquots, I2η i , and the first intermediate viscosity value  162  of the each of the aliquots, Iη i . 
     In an embodiment, the computer system is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system executes a set of logical operations calculating a figure of merit, FOM, characterizing a contribution of K h  to fitting, as a ratio function of K h , the second intermediate viscosity value  164  of the each of the aliquots, I2η i , and the first intermediate viscosity value  162  of the each of the aliquots, Iη i . In an embodiment, the computer system is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system executes a set of logical operations calculating a figure of merit, FOM, characterizing a contribution of K h  to fitting, as a ratio function of Kb, the second intermediate viscosity value  164  of the each of the aliquots, I2η i , and the first intermediate viscosity value  162  of the each of the aliquots, Iη i . In an embodiment, the computer system is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system executes a set of logical operations calculating a figure of merit, FOM, characterizing a contribution of K h  to fitting, as a ratio function of K h , the second intermediate viscosity value  164  of the each of the aliquots, I2η i , and the first intermediate viscosity value  162  of the each of the aliquots, Iη i . 
     In an embodiment, the computer system executes a set of logical operations calculating a figure of merit, FOM, characterizing a contribution of K h  to fitting, as a ratio function of K h , the second intermediate viscosity value  164  of the each of the aliquots, I2η i , and the first intermediate viscosity value  162  of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , as computer software executing on a processor of the computer system. 
     Displaying Results 
     In a further embodiment, the computer implemented method, the system, and the computer program product further include (a) executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a ratio of the first intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , to the total mass of the each of the aliquots, m i , and (b) displaying, by the computer system, a plot of the calculated ratio of the each of the aliquots versus the total mass, m i , of the each of the aliquots. In an embodiment, the computer implemented method, the system, and the computer program product generate a plot of intrinsic viscosity versus peak mass by plotting the calculated ratio of the ach of the aliquots versus the total mass, m i , of the each of the aliquots. The plot could allow for a simple linear fit, as opposed to a two-dimensional fit. 
     Referring to  FIG.  2   , the computer implemented method, the system, and the computer program product are further configured to perform an operation  210  of executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a ratio of the first intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , to the total mass of the each of the aliquots, m i , and an operation  212  of displaying, by the computer system, a plot of the calculated ratio of the each of the aliquots versus the total mass, m i , of the each of the aliquots. 
     In a further embodiment, the computer implemented method, the system, and the computer program product are further configured to an operation of executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a ratio of the first intermediate viscosity value  162  of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , to the total mass  160  of the each of the aliquots, m i , and an operation of displaying, by the computer system, a plot of the calculated ratio of the each of the aliquots versus the total mass  160 , m i , of the each of the aliquots. 
     In an embodiment, the computer system includes a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , executing a set of logical operations calculating a ratio of the first intermediate viscosity value  162  of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , to the total mass  160  of the each of the aliquots, m i , and an operation of displaying a plot of the calculated ratio of the each of the aliquots versus the total mass  160 , m i , of the each of the aliquots. In an embodiment, the computer system includes a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , executing a set of logical operations calculating a ratio of the first intermediate viscosity value  162  of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , to the total mass  160  of the each of the aliquots, m i , and an operation of displaying a plot of the calculated ratio of the each of the aliquots versus the total mass  160 , m i , of the each of the aliquots. In an embodiment, the computer system includes a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , executing a set of logical operations calculating a ratio of the first intermediate viscosity value  162  of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , to the total mass  160  of the each of the aliquots, m i , and an operation of displaying a plot of the calculated ratio of the each of the aliquots versus the total mass  160 , m i , of the each of the aliquots. 
     In an embodiment, the computer system is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system executes a set of logical operations calculating a ratio of the first intermediate viscosity value  162  of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , to the total mass  160  of the each of the aliquots, m i , and an operation of displaying a plot of the calculated ratio of the each of the aliquots versus the total mass  160 , m i , of the each of the aliquots. In an embodiment, the computer system is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system executes a set of logical operations calculating a ratio of the first intermediate viscosity value  162  of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , to the total mass  160  of the each of the aliquots, m i , and an operation of displaying a plot of the calculated ratio of the each of the aliquots versus the total mass  160 , m i , of the each of the aliquots. In an embodiment, the computer system is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system executes a set of logical operations calculating a ratio of the first intermediate viscosity value  162  of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , to the total mass  160  of the each of the aliquots, m i , and an operation of displaying a plot of the calculated ratio of the each of the aliquots versus the total mass  160 , m i , of the each of the aliquots. 
     In an embodiment, the computer system executes a set of logical operations calculating a ratio of the first intermediate viscosity value  162  of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , to the total mass  160  of the each of the aliquots, m i , and an operation of displaying a plot of the calculated ratio of the each of the aliquots versus the total mass  160 , m i , of the each of the aliquots, as computer software executing on a processor of the computer system. 
     Viscometer Based System 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the computer implemented method, the system, and the computer program product include (1) receiving, by a computer system, specific viscosity values overtime, η sp (t), from a viscometer, where the specific viscosity values correspond to a series of aliquots of an unknown sample injected into an instrument chain, where the instrument chain includes the viscometer, (2) executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a total mass of each of the aliquots, m i , as a function of a volume of the each of the aliquots, v i , and a concentration of the each of the aliquots, c i , (3) executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a first intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , as a second integral function of the received specific viscosity values, η sp (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots, (4) executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a second intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, I2η i , as a third integral function of the received specific viscosity values, η sp (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots, and (5) executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations fitting the total mass of the each of the aliquots, m i , the first intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , and the second intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, I2η i , to a fitting function comprising the first integral function, a floating intrinsic viscosity of the unknown sample, [η], the second integral function, a floating Huggins constant of the unknown sample, K h , and the third integral function, resulting in a calculated intrinsic viscosity of the unknown sample and a calculated Huggins constant of the unknown sample. 
     Referring to  FIG.  9 A , in an exemplary embodiment, the computer implemented method and system are configured to perform an operation  910  of receiving, by a computer system, specific viscosity values over time, η sp (t), from a viscometer, where the specific viscosity values correspond to a series of aliquots of an unknown sample injected into an instrument chain, where the instrument chain includes the viscometer, an operation  912  of executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a total mass of each of the aliquots, m i , as a function of a volume of the each of the aliquots, v i , and a concentration of the each of the aliquots, c i , an operation  914  of executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a first intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , as a second integral function of the received specific viscosity values, η sp (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots, an operation  916  of executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a second intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, I2η i , as a third integral function of the received specific viscosity values, η sp (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots, and an operation  918  of executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations fitting the total mass of the each of the aliquots, m i , the first intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , and the second intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, I2η i , to a fitting function including the first integral function, a floating intrinsic viscosity of the unknown sample, [η 9 ], the second integral function, a floating Huggins constant of the unknown sample, K h , and the third integral function, resulting in a calculated intrinsic viscosity of the unknown sample and a calculated Huggins constant of the unknown sample. 
     In an embodiment, the computer system is a computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , that executes an analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out the operations of at least method  900 . In an embodiment, the computer system is a computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , that executes an analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out the operations of at least method  900 . In an embodiment, the computer system is a processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , that executes an analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out the operations of at least method  900 . In an embodiment, the computer system is a processor of the analytical instrument, that executes an analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out the operations of at least method  900 . 
     In an embodiment, the computer system is a computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , that executes an analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out at least operations  910 ,  912 ,  914 ,  916 , and  918 . In an embodiment, the computer system is a computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , that executes an in analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out at least operations  910 ,  912 ,  914 ,  916 , and  918 . In an embodiment, the computer system is a processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , that executes an analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out at least operations  910 ,  912 ,  914 ,  916 , and  918 . In an embodiment, the computer system is a processor of the analytical instrument, that executes an analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out at least operations  910 ,  912 ,  914 ,  916 , and  918 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  9 B , in an exemplary embodiment, the computer implemented method, the system, and the computer program product include a receiver  930 , a calculator  932 , and a fitter  934 . In an embodiment, receiver  930  is configured to receive specific viscosity values over time  942 , η sp (t), from a viscometer  952 , where the instrument chain includes the viscometer where specific viscosity values  942  correspond to series of aliquots  954  of an unknown sample injected into an instrument chain, where the instrument chain includes viscometer  952 . In an embodiment, receiver  930  includes a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  910 . In an embodiment, receiver  930  includes a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  910 . In an embodiment, receiver  930  includes a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  910 . In an embodiment, receiver  930  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  910 . In an embodiment, receiver  930  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  910 . In an embodiment, receiver  930  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  910 . In an embodiment, receiver  930  performs operation  910  as computer software executing on a processor of receiver  930 . 
     In an embodiment, calculator  932  is configured to execute a set of logical operations calculating a total mass  960  of each of the aliquots, m i , as a function of a volume  944  of the each of the aliquots, v i , and a concentration  946  of the each of the aliquots, c i . In an embodiment, calculator  932  includes a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  912 . In an embodiment, calculator  932  includes a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  912 . In an embodiment, calculator  932  includes a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  912 . In an embodiment, calculator  932  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  912 . In an embodiment, calculator  932  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  912 . In an embodiment, calculator  932  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  912 . In an embodiment, calculator  932  performs operation  912  as computer software executing on a processor of calculator  932 . 
     In an embodiment, calculator  932  is configured to execute a set of logical operations calculating a first intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots  962 , Iη i , as a second integral function of received specific viscosity values  942 , η sp (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots. In an embodiment, calculator  932  includes a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  914 . In an embodiment, calculator  932  includes a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  914 . In an embodiment, calculator  932  includes a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  914 . In an embodiment, calculator  932  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  914 . In an embodiment, calculator  932  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  914 . In an embodiment, calculator  932  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  914 . In an embodiment, calculator  932  performs operation  914  as computer software executing on a processor of calculator  932 . 
     In an embodiment, calculator  932  is configured to execute a set of logical operations calculating a second intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots  964 , I2η i , as a third integral function of received specific viscosity values  942 , η sp (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots. In an embodiment, calculator  932  includes a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  916 . In an embodiment, calculator  932  includes a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  916 . In an embodiment, calculator  932  includes a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  916 . In an embodiment, calculator  932  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  916 . In an embodiment, calculator  932  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  916 . In an embodiment, calculator  932  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  916 . In an embodiment, calculator  932  performs operation  916  as computer software executing on a processor of calculator  932 . 
     In an embodiment, fitter  934  is configured to execute a set of logical operations fitting total mass of the each of the aliquots  960 , m i , first intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots  962 , Iη i , and second intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots  964 , I2η i , to a fitting function comprising the first integral function, a floating intrinsic viscosity of the unknown sample, [η], the second integral function, a floating Huggins constant of the unknown sample, K h , and the third integral function, resulting in a calculated intrinsic viscosity of the unknown sample  966  and a calculated Huggins constant of the unknown sample  968 . In an embodiment, fitter  934  includes a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  918 . In an embodiment, fitter  934  a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  918 . In an embodiment, fitter  934  includes a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  918 . In an embodiment, fitter  934  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  918 . In an embodiment, fitter  934  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  918 . In an embodiment, fitter  934  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  918 . In an embodiment, fitter  934  performs operation  918  as computer software executing on a processor of fitter  934 . 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the computer implemented method, the system, and the computer program product include (1) receiving, by a computer system, specific viscosity values over time, η sp (t), from a viscometer, where the specific viscosity values correspond to a series of aliquots of an unknown sample injected into an instrument chain, where the instrument chain includes the viscometer, (2) executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a first intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , as a second integral function of the received specific viscosity values, η sp (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots, (3) executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a second intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, I2η i , as a third integral function of the received specific viscosity values, η sp (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots, and (4) executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations fitting a total mass of the each of the aliquots, m i , the first intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , and the second intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, I2η i , to a fitting function comprising the first integral function, a floating intrinsic viscosity of the unknown sample, [η], the second integral function, a floating Huggins constant of the unknown sample, K h , and the third integral function, resulting in a calculated intrinsic viscosity of the unknown sample and a calculated Huggins constant of the unknown sample. 
     Referring to  FIG.  10 A , in an exemplary embodiment, the computer implemented method and system are configured to perform an operation  1010  of receiving, by a computer system, specific viscosity values over time, η sp (t), from a viscometer, where the specific viscosity values correspond to a series of aliquots of an unknown sample injected into an instrument chain, where the instrument chain includes the viscometer, an operation  1012  of executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a first intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, Iη i , as a second integral function of the received specific viscosity values, η sp (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots, an operation  1014  of executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations calculating a second intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, I2η i , as a third integral function of the received specific viscosity values, η sp (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots, and an operation  1016  of executing, by the computer system, a set of logical operations fitting a total mass of the each of the aliquots, m i , the first intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, hi, and the second intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots, I2η i , to a fitting function comprising the first integral function, a floating intrinsic viscosity of the unknown sample, [η], the second integral function, a floating Huggins constant of the unknown sample, K h , and the third integral function, resulting in a calculated intrinsic viscosity of the unknown sample and a calculated Huggins constant of the unknown sample. 
     In an embodiment, the computer system is a computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , that executes an analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out the operations of at least method  1000 . In an embodiment, the computer system is a computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , that executes an analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out the operations of at least method  1000 . In an embodiment, the computer system is a processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , that executes an analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out the operations of at least method  1000 . In an embodiment, the computer system is a processor of the analytical instrument, that executes an analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out the operations of at least method  1000 . 
     In an embodiment, the computer system is a computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , that executes an analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out at least operations  1010 ,  1012 ,  1014 , and  1016 . In an embodiment, the computer system is a computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , that executes an in analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out at least operations  1010 ,  1012 ,  1014 , and  1016 . In an embodiment, the computer system is a processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , that executes an analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out at least operations  1010 ,  1012 ,  1014 , and  1016 . In an embodiment, the computer system is a processor of the analytical instrument, that executes an analyzing data collected by analytical instruments script or computer software application that carries out at least operations  1010 ,  1012 ,  1014 , and  1016 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  10 B , in an exemplary embodiment, the computer implemented method, the system, and the computer program product include a receiver  1030 , a calculator  1032 , and a fitter  1034 . In an embodiment, receiver  1030  is configured to receive specific viscosity values overtime  1042 , η sp (t), from a viscometer  1052 , where the instrument chain includes the viscometer where specific viscosity values  1042  correspond to series of aliquots  1054  of an unknown sample injected into an instrument chain, where the instrument chain includes viscometer  1052 . In an embodiment, receiver  1030  includes a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  1010 . In an embodiment, receiver  1030  includes a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  1010 . In an embodiment, receiver  1030  includes a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  1010 . In an embodiment, receiver  1030  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  1010 . In an embodiment, receiver  1030  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  1010 . In an embodiment, receiver  1030  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  1010 . In an embodiment, receiver  1030  performs operation  1010  as computer software executing on a processor of receiver  1030 . 
     In an embodiment, calculator  1032  is configured to execute a set of logical operations calculating a first intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots  1062 , Iη i , as a second integral function of received specific viscosity values  1042 , η sp (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots. In an embodiment, calculator  1032  includes a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  1012 . In an embodiment, calculator  1032  includes a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  1012 . In an embodiment, calculator  1032  includes a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  1012 . In an embodiment, calculator  1032  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  1012 . In an embodiment, calculator  1032  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  1012 . In an embodiment, calculator  1032  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  1012 . In an embodiment, calculator  1032  performs operation  1012  as computer software executing on a processor of calculator  1032 . 
     In an embodiment, calculator  1032  is configured to execute a set of logical operations calculating a second intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots  1064 , I2η i , as a third integral function of received specific viscosity values  1042 , η sp (t), corresponding to the each of the aliquots. In an embodiment, calculator  1032  includes a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  1014 . In an embodiment, calculator  1032  includes a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  1014 . In an embodiment, calculator  1032  includes a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  1014 . In an embodiment, calculator  1032  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  1014 . In an embodiment, calculator  1032  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  1014 . In an embodiment, calculator  1032  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  1014 . In an embodiment, calculator  1032  performs operation  1014  as computer software executing on a processor of calculator  1032 . 
     In an embodiment, fitter  1034  is configured to execute a set of logical operations fitting a total mass of the each of the aliquots  1060 , m i , first intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots  1062 , Iη i , and second intermediate viscosity value of the each of the aliquots  1064 , I2η i , to a fitting function comprising the first integral function, a floating intrinsic viscosity of the unknown sample, [η], the second integral function, a floating Huggins constant of the unknown sample, K h , and the third integral function, resulting in a calculated intrinsic viscosity of the unknown sample  1066  and a calculated Huggins constant of the unknown sample  1068 . In an embodiment, fitter  1034  includes a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  1016 . In an embodiment, fitter  1034  a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  1016 . In an embodiment, fitter  1034  includes a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , performing operation  1016 . In an embodiment, fitter  1034  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  1016 . In an embodiment, fitter  1034  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as computer system/server  812  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  1016 . In an embodiment, fitter  1034  is implemented as computer software executing on a computer system, such as processing unit  816  as shown in  FIG.  8   , such that the computer system performs operation  1016 . In an embodiment, fitter  1034  performs operation  1016  as computer software executing on a processor of fitter  1034 . 
     Example 
     For example, the computer implemented method, system, and computer product could calculate the intrinsic viscosity and the Huggins constant of a series of aliquots  154  of an unknown sample, where the series of aliquots could be generated by injecting a single concentration of the unknown sample, with varying injection volumes, into the instrument chain, as depicted in  FIG.  3   . Notably,  FIG.  3    depicts a series of injections of varying total mass. 
     For each injection, calculator  132  could calculate total mass  160 , m i , in the injection, first intermediate viscosity value  162 , Iη i , and second intermediate viscosity value  164 , I2η i , resulting in triples of total mass  160 , first intermediate viscosity value  162 , and second intermediate viscosity value  164  (mi, Iη i , I2η i ), over the injections of the unknown sample. Thereafter, fitter  134  fits the triples to the fitting function, resulting in calculated intrinsic viscosity  166  and calculated Huggins constant  168  of the unknown sample. 
     For example,  FIG.  4 A  depicts measured/received concentration detector signal values  140  (dRI) of a first set of seven injections of a first unknown sample (a protein) having a first concentration range,  FIG.  4 B  depicts measured/received specific viscosity values  142  of the first set of seven injections, and  FIG.  4 C  describe the calculated triples (mi, Iη i , I2η i ) of the first set of seven injections calculated by calculator  132 , calculated intrinsic viscosity  166  and calculated Huggins constant  168  of the first unknown sample as generated by fitter  134 , and a FOM, of the first unknown sample, based on the first set of seven injections. 
     For example,  FIG.  5 A  depicts measured/received concentration detector signal values  140  (dRI) of a second set of seven injections of the first unknown sample (a protein) having a second concentration range,  FIG.  5 B  depicts measured/received specific viscosity values  142  of the second set of seven injections, and  FIG.  5 C  describe the calculated triples (mi, Iη i , I2η i ) of the second set of seven injections calculated by calculator  132 , calculated intrinsic viscosity  166  and calculated Huggins constant  168  of the first unknown sample as generated by fitter  134 , and a FOM, of the first unknown sample, based on the second set of seven injections. 
     For example,  FIG.  6 A  depicts measured/received concentration detector signal values  140  (dRI) of a set of seven injections of a second unknown sample (a protein),  FIG.  6 B  depicts measured/received specific viscosity values  142  of the set of seven injections of the second unknown sample, and  FIG.  6 C  describe the calculated triples (mi, Iη i , I2η i ) of the set of seven injections of the second unknown sample calculated by calculator  132 , calculated intrinsic viscosity  166  and calculated Huggins constant  168  of the second unknown sample as generated by fitter  134 , and a FOM, of the second unknown sample. 
       FIG.  7    depicts, for unknown sample, plots of the calculated ratio of each of the seven aliquots/injections versus total mass  160 , m i , of the each of the seven aliquots/injections, as displayed by the computer implemented method, the system, and the computer program product. Notably,  FIG.  7    depicts three plots consisting of two intersecting plots corresponding to the first unknown sample and a third plot corresponding to the second unknown sample. The two intersecting plots in  FIG.  7    indicate that the results of the computer implemented method, the system, and the computer program product could be reproducible. 
     For example, the computer implemented method, system, and computer product could calculate the intrinsic viscosity and the Huggins constant of a series of aliquots  954  of an unknown sample, where the series of aliquots could be generated by injecting varying concentrations of the unknown sample, with a constant injection volume, into the instrument chain. Also, for example, when v i  is variable and c i  is constant for a known concentration value, a single vial may be used to contain the aliquots. However, when v i  is constant with peaks of peaks with constant width and c i  is variable. multiple vials may be used to contain the aliquots, thereby helping with setting integration limits/boundaries, due to the peaks having the same width. For example, the sample may be prepared via any one of the following: (i) autosampler as a sampler (injector) to produce multiple vials, (ii) a mixer with multiple syringes), or (iii) an autosampler as a mixer (e.g., vial 1-sample, vial 2-solvent, mix the contents of vial 1 with the contents of vial 2, thereby creating multiple vials programmatically). 
     Computer System 
     In an exemplary embodiment, the computer system is a computer system  800  as shown in  FIG.  8   . Computer system  800  is only one example of a computer system and is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality of embodiments of the present invention. Regardless, computer system  800  is capable of being implemented to perform and/or performing any of the functionality/operations of the present invention. 
     Computer system  800  includes a computer system/server  812 , which is operational with numerous other general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. Examples of well-known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use with computer system/server  812  include, but are not limited to, personal computer systems, server computer systems, thin clients, thick clients, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputer systems, mainframe computer systems, and distributed cloud computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices. 
     Computer system/server  812  may be described in the general context of computer system-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer system. Generally, program modules may include routines, programs, objects, components, logic, and/or data structures that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Computer system/server  812  may be practiced in distributed cloud computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed cloud computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer system storage media including memory storage devices. 
     As shown in  FIG.  8   , computer system/server  812  in computer system  800  is shown in the form of a general-purpose computing device. The components of computer system/server  812  may include, but are not limited to, one or more processors or processing units  816 , a system memory  828 , and a bus  818  that couples various system components including system memory  828  to processor  816 . 
     Bus  818  represents one or more of any of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. By way of example, and not limitation, such architectures include Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, and Peripheral Component Interconnects (PCI) bus. 
     Computer system/server  812  typically includes a variety of computer system readable media. Such media may be any available media that is accessible by computer system/server  812 , and includes both volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media. 
     System memory  828  can include computer system readable media in the form of volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM)  830  and/or cache memory  832 . Computer system/server  812  may further include other removable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer system storage media. By way of example only, storage system  834  can be provided for reading from and writing to a non-removable, non-volatile magnetic media (not shown and typically called a “hard drive”). Although not shown, a magnetic disk drive for reading from and writing to a removable, non-volatile magnetic disk (e.g., a “floppy disk”), and an optical disk drive for reading from or writing to a removable, non-volatile optical disk such as a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM or other optical media can be provided. In such instances, each can be connected to bus  818  by one or more data media interfaces. As will be further depicted and described below, memory  828  may include at least one program product having a set (e.g., at least one) of program modules that are configured to carry out the functions/operations of embodiments of the invention. 
     Program/utility  840 , having a set (at least one) of program modules  842 , may be stored in memory  828  by way of example, and not limitation. Exemplary program modules  842  may include an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data. Each of the operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data or some combination thereof, may include an implementation of a networking environment. Program modules  842  generally carry out the functions and/or methodologies of embodiments of the present invention. 
     Computer system/server  812  may also communicate with one or more external devices  814  such as a keyboard, a pointing device, a display  824 , one or more devices that enable a user to interact with computer system/server  812 , and/or any devices (e.g., network card, modem, etc.) that enable computer system/server  812  to communicate with one or more other computing devices. Such communication can occur via Input/Output (I/O) interfaces  822 . Still yet, computer system/server  812  can communicate with one or more networks such as a local area network (LAN), a general wide area network (WAN), and/or a public network (e.g., the Internet) via network adapter  820 . As depicted, network adapter  820  communicates with the other components of computer system/server  812  via bus  818 . It should be understood that although not shown, other hardware and/or software components could be used in conjunction with computer system/server  812 . Examples, include, but are not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data archival storage systems. 
     Computer Program Product 
     The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computer program product. The computer program product may include a computer readable storage medium (or media) having computer readable program instructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of the present invention. 
     The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of the computer readable storage medium includes the following: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such as punch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructions recorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construed as being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses passing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmitted through a wire. 
     Computer readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computer readable storage medium or to an external computer or external storage device via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprise copper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium within the respective computing/processing device. 
     Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations of the present invention may be assembler instructions, instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++ or the like, and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user&#39;s computer, partly on the user&#39;s computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user&#39;s computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user&#39;s computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readable program instructions by utilizing state information of the computer readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present invention. 
     Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer readable program instructions. 
     These computer readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises an article of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects of the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
     The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions. 
     The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present disclosure have been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application or technical improvement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.