Patent Publication Number: US-10787826-B2

Title: Support head, ceiling support, and ceiling formwork having such a ceiling support

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is a 371 of International application PCT/EP2016/079093, filed Nov. 29, 2016, which claims priority of DE 10 2015 223 773.7, filed Nov. 30, 2015, the priority of these applications is hereby claimed and these applications are incorporated herein by reference. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a support head for a ceiling support for a ceiling formwork, wherein the support head comprises the following:
         a) a connecting area in which the support head is connectable to a formwork support or is connected to the formwork support;   b) a support plane for supporting a formwork element of the ceiling formwork and/or a beam of the ceiling formwork;   c) guide tabs that protrude away from the connecting area, the guide tabs having a design that opens outwardly from the connecting area.       

     The invention further relates to a ceiling support having such a support head, and a ceiling formwork having such a ceiling support. 
     It is known to use formwork elements for producing concrete ceilings. In particular frame panel formwork elements, which at least partially form a mold for filling liquid concrete, are used. The formwork elements are removed after the concrete has hardened. 
     The formwork elements are supported by ceiling supports. Different ceiling supports or ceiling supports having different support heads are used, depending on the particular position at which the formwork elements are supported by the ceiling support. On the one hand, ceiling supports with large capture areas are used, on which formwork elements may be easily mounted from below. On the other hand, compact ceiling supports are used which allow the ceiling support to be set up close to a wall or a wall corner to be able to position a formwork element flush against a wall or in the wall corner. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a support head, a ceiling support, and a ceiling formwork having such a ceiling support, wherein the support head is preferably universally usable. A further object of the invention is to provide a method for putting up such a ceiling formwork. 
     The object according to the invention is thus achieved by a support head. The support head has a connecting area on which the support head is mountable on the formwork support. The support head also has a support plane. The support plane is preferably designed in the form of a surface of a support plate. Guide tabs protrude from the connecting area at two opposite sides of the support head. The guide tabs represent a capture area for exactly positioning formwork elements on the support head. First guide tabs on the first side of the support head form a larger capture area than second guide tabs on the second side of the support head. The ends of the first guide tabs preferably protrude farther away from the connecting area than do the ends of the second guide tabs. 
     The support head is thus asymmetrical with respect to a plane that extends perpendicularly relative to the support plane and through the connecting area. 
     With the second side, which has less widely opened second guide tabs, the support head may be situated close enough to a wall corner that a formwork element connected to the support head can rest flush against the wall corner. In addition, a formwork element may be easily mounted on the second side due to the fact that the second guide tabs are widely opened. It is thus not necessary to provide different support heads for different installation situations. 
     The formwork element may be suspended in the guide tabs of the support head and subsequently swiveled out from the floor. 
     The first guide tabs preferably have a design that, starting from the connecting area, is more widely opened, i.e., spread farther apart, in the radial direction than the second guide tabs. The first guide tabs and the second guide tabs preferably form lateral guides of insertion openings of the support plane, in particular insertion openings of a support plate. 
     The guide tabs preferably each have at least one protrusion for engaging behind a formwork element in order to prevent the formwork element from lifting up perpendicularly with respect to the support plane, and to allow the formwork element to be securely mounted. 
     The first guide tabs are preferably designed in the form of a first guide tab pair and a second guide tab pair, and the second guide tabs are preferably designed in the form of a third guide tab pair and a fourth guide tab pair. 
     To be able to centrally support a formwork element on a longitudinal side, the first guide tab pair together with the third guide tab pair preferably forms a first channel guide, and the second guide tab pair together with the fourth guide tab pair preferably forms a second channel guide. A frame section of a formwork element is selectively accommodatable in the two channel guides. 
     The support head may have at least one spacer tab, in particular one first spacer tab pair, between the first guide tabs and the second guide tabs. The spacer tab together with the first guide tabs preferably defines a third channel guide, and together with the second guide tabs preferably defines a fourth channel guide. The support head may thus selectively accommodate a frame section of a formwork element in the third channel guide or in the fourth channel guide in order to serve as a central longitudinal side support for formwork elements. 
     The first channel guide, the second channel guide, the third channel guide, and the fourth channel guide preferably have the same width. The second channel guide is preferably spaced apart from the first channel guide by the same distance that the fourth channel guide is spaced apart from the third channel guide. The support head may thus be rotated by 90° relative to a rotational axis that extends perpendicularly with respect to the support plane in order to be used to centrally support a formwork element. This embodiment of the support head also allows accommodation of formwork elements having different orientations; i.e., the longer sides of two formwork elements adjacently supported on the support head may be rotated by 90° relative to one another. This embodiment of the support head also allows accommodation of formwork elements having different orientations; i.e., the longer sides of two formwork elements adjacently supported on the support head may be rotated by 90° relative to one another. 
     The support head may have a spacer protrusion or multiple spacer protrusions between the spacer tabs. The spacer protrusion or the spacer protrusions allow(s) a beam that is placed on the spacer protrusion or the spacer protrusions to be spaced apart from the support plane. As a result, the beam does not collide with the spread-apart guide tabs of the support head. The spacer protrusion may protrude from the support plane, perpendicularly with respect to the support plane, at least as far as do the guide tabs. 
     In one particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the support head has at least one first beam insertion area in which a beam is partially accommodatable. The first beam insertion area preferably has lateral guides for tilt stabilization of the beam, so that a beam that is mounted on the first beam insertion area may be walked on without the risk of an accident. The lateral guides may be designed in the form of tabs. The support head may also have a second beam insertion area, in particular having lateral guides for tilt stabilization of a beam. The lateral guides may be designed in the form of tabs. The first beam insertion area and/or the second beam insertion area are/is preferably designed in the form of through recesses in the support plane. The first beam insertion area may be provided between the first guide tab pair and the second guide tab pair, and the second beam insertion area may be provided between the third guide tab pair and the fourth guide tab pair. 
     In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the connecting area has a bayonet receptacle to allow a formwork support to be fastened by a bayonet connection. 
     To prevent inadvertent opening of the bayonet connection, the bayonet receptacle may have anti-twist protection, in particular in the form of a screw lock mechanism, a detent lock mechanism, a wedge lock mechanism, and/or a spring-loaded lock mechanism. 
     The object according to the invention is achieved by a ceiling support, which in addition to the support head described above has a formwork support that is situated on the support head. The formwork support may be connected to the support head via the bayonet connection. 
     The invention further relates to a ceiling formwork having a ceiling support described above. 
     The ceiling formwork preferably has a formwork element that is situated on the ceiling support. 
     The formwork element may have at least one connecting protrusion behind which a guide tab may engage. Alternatively or additionally, two connecting protrusions may rest against the first spacer tab on either side. 
     The ceiling formwork may have a beam. The beam may have a hook in the form of a curved finger at each of its two lengthwise ends, a portion of a first hook being inserted into the first beam insertion area. The first hook preferably has an interior bevel that extends at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the beam. The first hook may thus be mounted on the support head with a clearance fit, the beam in the mounted state being pulled by its weight force toward the center of the support head. Due to the clearance fit, the beam is mountable on the set-up ceiling support from below. The two hooks preferably have a mirror-image design with respect to one another. 
     The object is further achieved by a method for putting up a ceiling formwork, previously described. The ceiling formwork has a formwork surface made up of multiple formwork elements. For putting up the ceiling formwork, at least two ceiling supports may be used, a first of these ceiling supports supporting the formwork surface at a corner of the formwork surface, and a second ceiling support supporting the formwork surface in a center area of the formwork surface spaced apart from the edge and the corners, and in particular a third ceiling support supporting the formwork surface at its edge, wherein the third ceiling support supports the formwork surface at its edge in such a way that the formwork shell covers the support head, either at least virtually completely, or at most up to the center of the connecting area. According to the invention, it is thus provided to use identical ceiling supports for supporting all areas of the formwork surface. 
     Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of several exemplary embodiments of the invention, from the patent claims, and from the figures of the drawing, which show particulars essential to the invention. 
     The features shown in the drawing are illustrated in such a way that the special characteristics according to the invention may be made clearly apparent. The various features may be implemented in variants of the invention, either singly, or collectively in arbitrary combinations. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
       In the figures: 
         FIG. 1  shows a perspective view of a ceiling formwork together with a ceiling support that has a support head; 
         FIG. 2  shows a perspective view of the support head from  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  shows a top view of the support head from  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 4  shows a perspective view of a formwork element of a ceiling formwork; 
         FIG. 5  shows a sectional top view of a ceiling formwork having multiple support heads; 
         FIG. 6  shows an enlarged view of area A from  FIG. 5 ; 
         FIG. 7  shows an enlarged view of area B from  FIG. 5 ; 
         FIG. 8  shows an enlarged view of area C from  FIG. 5 ; 
         FIG. 9  shows a perspective bottom view of a support head; 
         FIG. 10  shows a perspective bottom view of a ceiling support together with a support head and a formwork support, before they are installed; 
         FIG. 11  shows a perspective bottom view of the ceiling support from  FIG. 9 , after installation; 
         FIG. 12  shows a perspective top view of the ceiling support according to  FIG. 10 ; 
         FIG. 13  shows a partially cutaway side view of a ceiling support and a beam to be mounted on the ceiling support; 
         FIG. 14  shows a partially cutaway side view of the ceiling support according to  FIG. 12 , with the beam mounted on the ceiling support; 
         FIG. 15  shows a partially cutaway side view of the ceiling support according to  FIG. 13 , with the beam lifted up; and 
         FIG. 16  shows a top view of various ceiling formworks. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       FIG. 1  shows a ceiling formwork  10  comprising four formwork elements  12  and a ceiling support  14 . The ceiling support  14  has a support head  16  that is connected to a formwork support  18 . In the present example, the formwork elements  12  each rest at their corners on the support head  16 . 
       FIG. 2  shows the support head  16  by itself. The support head  16  is formed from sheet steel that is partially cut to shape and partially bent. The support head  16  has a support plate  20  whose top side forms a support plane  22  in the mounted state of the support head  16 . First guide tabs  26   a - d  are provided on the support plate  20  on a first side  24 . Second guide tabs  30   a - d  are provided on a second side  28  situated opposite from the first side  24 . The first guide tabs  26   a - d  are spread apart farther than are the second guide tabs  30   a - d . Fastening a formwork element  12  (see  FIG. 1 ) from a great distance is thus much easier on the first side  24  than on the second side  28 . 
     It is apparent from  FIG. 2  that the guide tabs  26   a - d ,  30   a - d  in each case have protrusions  31   a - h  to allow the support head  16  to engage behind the formwork elements  12 . 
       FIG. 3  shows the support head  16  according to  FIG. 2  in a top view. It is apparent from  FIG. 3  that the first guide tabs  26   a - d  form a first guide tab pair  32  and a second guide tab pair  34 . The second guide tabs  30   a - d  form a third guide tab pair  36  and a fourth guide tab pair  38 . The support head  16  has spacer tabs  40   a - d  between the first guide tabs  26   a - d  and the second guide tabs  30   a - d . The spacer tabs  40   a ,  40   b  form a first spacer tab pair  42 , and the spacer tabs  40   c ,  40   d  form a second spacer tab pair  44 . 
     The first guide tab pair  32  together with the third guide tab pair  36  and the first spacer tab pair  42  defines a first channel guide  46 . The second guide tab pair  34  together with the fourth guide tab pair  38  and the second spacer tab pair  44  defines a second channel guide  48 . In addition, the space between the first guide tab pair  32  and the first spacer tab pair  42 , as well as the space between the second guide tab pair  34  and the second spacer tab pair  44 , define a third channel guide  50 . Lastly, the space between the third guide tab pair  36  and the first spacer tab pair  42 , as well as the space between the fourth guide tab pair  38  and the second spacer tab pair  44 , define a fourth channel guide  52 . The channel guides  46 ,  48 ,  50 ,  52  form options for frame sections to accommodate formwork elements  12  (see  FIG. 1 ). The channel guides  46 ,  48 ,  50 ,  52  preferably delimit a square. More preferably, the channel guides  46 ,  48 ,  50 ,  52  are provided centrally with respect to a connecting area  54  of the support head  16 . The support head  16  may thus be situated on formwork elements  12 , in the position shown in  FIG. 1 , or rotated by 90° in the support plane  22 . 
     A first beam insertion area  56  with lateral guides  58   a ,  58   b  in the form of tabs is provided in the support plate  20 , between the first guide tab pair  32  and the second guide tab pair  34 . In addition, a second beam insertion area  60  with lateral guides  62   a ,  62   b  in the form of tabs is provided in the support plate  20 , between the third guide tab pair  36  and the fourth guide tab pair  38 . Beams  90  are fastenable in the beam insertion areas  56 ,  60  in a tilt-proof manner (see  FIGS. 13 through 15 ). 
       FIG. 4  shows a view of a formwork element  12 . It is apparent from  FIG. 4  that the formwork element  12  has connecting protrusions, of which only the connecting protrusions  64   a - h  are provided with reference numerals for reasons of clarity. The connecting protrusions  64   a - h  are used for positioning support heads  16  (see  FIG. 1 ) or support heads  16   a - f  (see  FIG. 5 ) on the formwork element  12  with a precise fit. 
     The formwork element  12  has outer abutment faces  68   a - d  in the plane of a formwork shell  66 , which in the mounted state abut on a wall (not shown), or in the case of multiple identical formwork elements  12 , abut against one another in flush alignment. 
       FIG. 5  shows support heads  16   a - f  on the formwork element  12  according to  FIG. 4 . The support head  16   a  is maximally covered by the formwork element  12 . The abutment faces  68   a ,  68   b  not visible in  FIG. 5  (see  FIG. 4 ) are in flush alignment with the farthest protruding portions of the support head  16   a . In this way, the support head  16   a  together with the formwork element  12  may be situated flush in a wall corner (not shown). 
     In contrast, the formwork element  12  is only partially supported on the support heads  16   c ,  16   d ,  16   f , so that further formwork elements  12  (see  FIG. 1 ; not shown in  FIG. 5 ) may be attached to the support heads  16   c ,  16   d ,  16   f.    
     The support heads  16   b ,  16   e  are used to centrally support the formwork element  12  for very heavy roofs to be concreted. The support head  16   b  does not protrude beyond the formwork element  12 , so that the formwork element  12  may be positioned directly on a wall or in parallel to a wall. A further formwork element  12  (not shown in  FIG. 5 ) may be attached to the support head  16   e.    
       FIG. 6  shows an enlarged detail A from  FIG. 5 . It is apparent from  FIG. 6  that the formwork element  12  is positioned in the first channel guide  46  and in the fourth channel guide  52 . Connecting protrusions  64   b ,  64   c  ensure exact placement of the formwork element  12  on the support head  16   a . The connecting protrusions  64   a - c  are preferably part of an angled metal sheet of the formwork element  12 . 
       FIG. 7  shows an enlarged detail B from  FIG. 5 . It is apparent from  FIG. 7  that the formwork element  12  is held in the first channel guide  46  on the support head  16   b . The formwork element  12  is positioned by connecting protrusions  64   d ,  64   e  that rest against the spacer tab  40   b . The formwork element  12  is thus fixed relative to the support head  16   b , in the direction of the longitudinal axis  70  of the formwork element  12 . The connecting protrusions  64   d ,  64   e  are preferably part of a sheet metal strip of the formwork element  12 . 
       FIG. 8  shows an enlarged detail C from  FIG. 5 . It is apparent from  FIG. 8  that the formwork element  12  is positioned in the first channel guide  46  and in the fourth channel guide  52 . The connecting protrusion  64   g  is engaged from behind by the second guide tab  30   b , so that the support head  16   c  is securely fastened to the formwork element  12  with protection against shifting. 
       FIG. 9  shows a perspective bottom view of the support head  16 . The support head  16  includes the connecting area  54 . The support head  16  has a tube  72  in the connecting area  54 . 
       FIG. 10  shows the ceiling support  14  according to  FIG. 1  during mounting thereof. The ceiling support  14  has the support head  16  and a formwork support  18 . The tube  72  (see  FIG. 9 ) is at least partially, in particular completely, inserted into the formwork support  18 . The formwork support  18  has a connecting plate  74 . The connecting plate  74  is partially insertable into connecting tabs  78   a - d  of the support head after rotation about the longitudinal axis  76  of the formwork support  18 . The connecting area  54  (see  FIG. 9 ) forms a bayonet receptacle  80  as a result of the connecting tabs  78   a - d.    
       FIG. 11  shows the ceiling support  14  in the mounted state. For anti-twist protection of the connecting plate  74  in the bayonet receptacle  80 , the ceiling support  14  has at least one screw connection  82   a ,  82   b  between the formwork support  18  and the support head  16 . At least one connecting tab  78   a - d , in the present case the connecting tabs  78   a ,  78   c , preferably has/have a recess, in the present case the recesses  84   a ,  84   b , for locking a screw nut, in the present case the screw nuts  86   a ,  86   b . The screw nuts  86   a ,  86   b  therefore do not have to be secured when the screw connections  82   a ,  82   b  are established. 
       FIG. 12  shows the ceiling support  14  according to  FIG. 11  in a top view. It is apparent from  FIG. 12  that the support head  16  has through recesses  88   a - d  in the support plate  20  for placing the screws of the screw connections  82   a ,  82   b.    
     For setting down a beam  90  (see  FIGS. 13-15 ) in a center position of the beam  90 , i.e., for additionally supporting the beam  90  away from its longitudinal side ends, a spacer protrusion  89  is provided on the support head  16 . The spacer protrusion  89  is preferably part of the tube  72  (see  FIG. 9 ). The spacer protrusion  89  is situated between the spacer tab pairs  42 ,  44 . 
       FIG. 13  shows the support head  16  and a beam  90  to be situated on the support head  16 . The beam  90  has a first hook  92  in the form of a curved finger. The first hook  92 , with its end protruding from the beam  90 , is inserted into the first beam insertion area  56 . 
       FIG. 14  shows the support head  16  with the beam  90  completely situated on the support head  16 . The beam  90  is supported on the support plate  20 . 
       FIG. 15  shows the support head  16  with the beam  90  vertically lifted. It is apparent from  FIG. 15  that the first hook  92  has an interior bevel  94  that is angled with respect to the longitudinal axis  96  of the beam  90 . The bevel  94  is designed in such a way that the beam  90  in the mounted state is pulled by its weight force toward the center of the support head  16 . The beam  90  may thus be mounted on the support head  16  with a clearance fit, resulting in a defined seat of the beam  90  relative to the support head  16  in the mounted state of the beam  90 . 
       FIG. 16  shows multiple ceiling formworks  10 . The ceiling formworks  10  have multiple identical formwork elements  12  and multiple identical support heads  16 , the support heads  16  being illustrated only schematically. In addition, only some of the support heads  16  are provided with a reference numeral for reasons of clarity.  FIG. 16  illustrates the situation, among others, that only one formwork element rests on a support head  16  (see arrow a). The support head  16  is engaged (see the support head  16   a  according to  FIG. 5 ), so that the formwork elements  12  may rest flush against a wall  98 . The support heads  16  are designed for accommodating formwork elements  12  having different orientations. Adjacently situated formwork elements  12  may be rotated by 90° relative to one another on the support head  16  (see arrows b). 
     Considered in an overview of all figures of the drawing, the invention relates to a support head  16 ,  16   a - f  and a ceiling support  14 . The support head  16 ,  16   a - f  in particular has a plate-shaped design and has multiple guide tabs  26   a - d ,  30   a - d . The guide tabs  26   a - d ,  30   a - d  are arranged or provided in such a way that a formwork element  12  may be placed on the support head  16 ,  16   a - f  so as to prevent shifting, preferably at various positions. The support head  16 ,  16   a - f  has widely opened first guide tabs  26   a - d  that are situated opposite from less widely opened guide tabs  30   a - d . This asymmetry of the support head  16 ,  16   a - f  allows the support head  16 ,  16   a - f  to be situated close to a wall corner, while at the same time the formwork element  12  can be easily fastened. The support head  16 ,  16   a - f , in addition to the guide tabs  26   a - d ,  30   a - d , preferably has at least one beam insertion area  56 ,  60  with a lateral guide  58   a ,  58   b ,  62   a ,  62   b , in particular in the form of lateral guide tabs. The guide tabs  26   a - d ,  30   a - d  and/or the beam insertion area  56 ,  60  are/is preferably arranged or provided on a support plate  20 , wherein the top side of the support plate  20  facing away from a connecting area  54  of the support head  16 ,  16   a - f  forms a support plane  22 . The invention further relates to a ceiling formwork  10  comprising such a support head  16 ,  16   a - f , a formwork element  12 , and/or a beam  90 . In order to put up the ceiling formwork  10 , a formwork element  12  with its first end is preferably suspended from below, between the first guide tabs  26   a - d  of two support heads  16 ,  16   a ,  16   d  that are fastened to formwork supports  18 . Two further support heads  16 ,  16   c ,  16   f  that are fastened to formwork supports  18  are subsequently affixed to the formwork element  12  by means of the second guide tabs  30   a - d . The formwork element  12  is subsequently swiveled up, and in the swiveled-up state may then be held by the ceiling supports  14 .