Patent Publication Number: US-3874139-A

Title: Basement wall construction

Description:
United States Patent [191 Landwoski 1 Apr. 1, 1975 1 1 BASEMENT WALL CONSTRUCTION Edmund A. Landwoski, Schofield, Wis. 54476 [76] Inventor:  
 [52] US. Cl 52/251, 52/259, 52/270, 52/293, 52/438, 52/440, 52/592, 52/600 [51] Int. Cl. E041) 1/16, E04C 1/12 [58] Field of Search 52/270, 259, 293, 432, 52/437, 438, 440, 592, 600, 274, 251  
 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 790,514 5/1905 Mcara 52/585 1.236.387 8/1917 Moore 52/600 X 1,445,713 2/1923 Reilly 52/438 X 1,770,781 7/1930 Jenkins 52/437 3.798.860 3/1974 Mason 52/585 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 915,004 7/1946 France 52/438 855,906 1 1/1952 Germany 52/259 910,590 2/1946 France 1. 52/274 Primary Examiner-Alfred C. Perham Auurney, Age/11, or FirmHenry C. Fuller {57] ABSTRACT A building wall construction particularly adapted for a foundation or basement wall includes a plurality of pre-formed or pre-cast concrete panels which have a shiplap arrangement of flanges projecting from opposite side edges. When the panels are assembled at the site, the flanges form vertical chambers between the adjacent wall sections to receive columns of reinforcing concrete. Channels in the upper and lower ends 01 the panels communicate with channels in adjacent panels to afford casting of a continuous peripheral bond of concrete around each panel. The bonds around each panel are also integrally connected with the bonds around adjacent panels. The wall assembly also includes for each wall section a variable or universal panel which has both of the side flanges project ing from the outer building face. This panel reverses the sequence of the projecting flanges to insure that both corner panels for one wall have flanges projecting from the outside face to meet with the outside flanges from transverse wall sections. The panels also can be employed to form a horizontal building structure such as a roof. Hollow tubes molded in the panels add rigidity, reduce weight and can be employed as conduits for electrical, heating and plumbing connectrons.  
 7 Claims, 10 Drawing Figures BASEMENT WALL CONSTRUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Various types of pre-cast or pre-formed concrete building panels have been developed for use as a foundation or basement wall. The Cooper U.S. Pat. No. 3,685,241 discloses one form of prior art panel. Constructions such as that shown in the Cooper patent require special corner panels which are not as easily formed, stored or shipped as are planar panels. Other disadvantages of some prior art masonry building panels are the need for special grouting or mastic to provide waterproof joints.  
 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention provides a building wall construction which is particularly suited for a foundation or basement wall. No special corner panels are required. Each wall section includes a plurality of a first type of wall panel and at least one of a second type. The first type panel has flanges projecting from each vertical side edge with one of the flanges being an extension of the inside face and the other flange being an extension of the outside face of the panel to provide a shiplap type joint with the flanges of adjacent panels. However, the principal difference from a conventional shiplap type construction is that the projecting flanges have a thickness substantially less than half the thickness of the panel. Thus, when assembled a vertical passageway or chamber is formed between the adjacent edges of adjoining panels to receive reinforcing rods and concrete at the building site.  
  The second type of panel which is used in each wall section has flanges projecting from both side edges which are extensions of the outer face of the panel. The purpose of the second panel or universal panel is to reverse the sequence of the projecting flanges to insure that the panels at the corners of the wall where the wall section meets transverse wall sections have outside flanges rather than inside flanges to form corners with the panels of the adjacent wall sections.  
  Each panel has channels in the upper and lower panel ends for receiving reinforcing concrete and horizontally disposed reinforcing rods at the site. When the wall sections are assembled at the site, concrete is poured in the vertical passageways and it flows beneath the wall panels in the horizontal channels in the bottom ends of the panels as well as along the top of each panel. Thus a continuous bond beam completely surrounds each panel with the bond beams for adjacent panels being integrally connected in the vertical passageways or chambers between adjacent wall panels.  
  Further objects, advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following disclosure.  
 DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view ofa building panel in accordance with the invention.  
  FIG. 2 is a plan view in fragmentary section of the building panel shown in FIG. 1.  
  FIG. 3 is an end view of the panel shown in FIG. 2 in fragmentary section.  
 FIG. 4 is a plan view of the panel shown in FIG. 2.  
  FIG. 5 is a plan view of a complete building wall constructed with the building panels of the present invention.  
  FIG. 6 is an elevational view of the building wall shown in FIG. 5.  
  FIG. 7 is an enlarged, elevational view in fragmentary section showing an assembly of building panels.  
  FIG. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary plan view showing building panels assembled to form a corner.  
 FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the universal panel.  
  FIG. 10 is a fragmentary perspective view showing universal panels in a ceiling structure.  
 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Although the disclosure hereof is detailed and exact to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, the physical embodiments herein disclosed merely exemplify the invention which may be embodied in other specific structure. The scope of the invention is defined in the claims appended hereto.  
  In the drawings, FIGS. 1 and 2 show a first building panel 10 which has upper and lower ends 12 and 14, and vertical side edges 16 and 18. The panel 10 also has an outside face 20 and an inside face 22. Each panel 10 has a flange 24 which extends from and is a continuation of outside face 20 and a flange 26 which extends from and is a continuation of the inside face 22. The flanges have a length A (FIG. 8) which is equal to the thickness B which is the panel thickness less the flange thickness. These dimensions are desirable to obtain the corner configuration as shown in FIG. 8.  
  The upper and lower ends 12 and 14 are respectfully provided with channels 27 and 28 which receive reinforcing concrete and reinforcing rods as hereinafter described. When the panels 10 are cast at the factory, sleeves are inserted in the side edges as shown at 30, 32, 34, 36 to form apertures, which receive rods or dowels 38 which are installed at the building site. The rods 38 assist in maintaining the wall sections in assem&#39; bly in a planar array with the faces of the panels coplanar prior to the introduction of the reinforcing concrete. The dowels 38 are located (FIG. 4) so that when the panels are assembled, the inside surfaces 39 of flanges of the panels will abut the dowels anchored in the adjacent panels. Thus the dowels will prevent displacement of the panels in one direction.  
  As best shown in FIG. 3 each panel is provided with upper loops 44 and lower loops 46 which are used during assembly for connection to a crane or other lifting device. In addition, the loops 44 and 46 are also employed to receive reinforcing rods which extend horizontally through the loops and can be wired to the loops as shown at 43 in FIG. 7. Loops 44 and 46 comprise the ends of an elongated rod 48 which extends diagonally through the panel III (FIG. 3) to reverse the position of the loop ends 50, 52 which are also embedded in the panel. This arrangement distributes the loading forces when the panels are lifted throughout the panel and also strengthens the panel.  
  The panels also desirably include a plurality of hollow tubes 54 shown in FIG. 2 which are inserted in the mold during forming-of the panel. Four tubes 54 are shown embedded in the panel. The tubes strengthen the panel, reduce the weight, provide a greater insulating capability because of the trapped air space and also can be employed for electrical, plumbing, or heating conduits. If the panel 10 is 10 inches thick, tubes 6 inches in diameter can be employed. The tubes can be paperboard with their ends plugged so that the interior of the tubes is not filled with concrete during the casting process.  
  FIG. 9 shows a building panel 60 called a universal panel which is the same as the panel 10 except that both flanges 62 and 64 are extensions of the outer face 66. The purpose of the universal panel is to reverse the sequence of flanges of the first panels to insure that the panels such as 68 and 70 shown in FIG. 8 have outside flanges to form a tight corner 72 which is a continuation of the faces of the transverse wall sections.  
  FIG. shows a plan view of an assembly of building panels and 60. Each wall section 74, 76, 78 and 80 includes one universal panel 60. The universal panels 60 also include upper and lower channels 82 and 84 for forming the continuous reinforcing concrete bond as presently described.  
  In constructing a wall using the panels 10 and 60, a footing 90 (FIG. 9) is poured at the site with a channel or keyway 92.  
  The panels 10, 60 are assembled on the footing with horizontal reinforcing rods 92 and 94 inserted through the loops 44 and 46. Vertical reinforcing rods 96 are positioned in the vertical chambers or passageways 98 between the adjacent panels. The rods 92, 94 and 96 can be wired together at appropriate cross points such as 100 FIG. 7). Concrete is then poured into the passageways 98 between adjacent panels. Vibrators can be employed to cause flow of the concrete from the passageways 98 into the lower channels 28 and footing keyways 92 to form a continuous concrete beam or bond around each panel as shown by dotted line 102 in FIG. 6 to integrate the individual building panels in a single structural unit.  
  To strengthen the bond and prevent lateral displacement of the panels, the side edges 16, 18 of each panel are provided with a longitudinal groove 110 (FIGS. 2, 4). Thus when the reinforcing concrete is molded in the vertical passageways 98, the concrete column 112 is in the form of a spline with protruding ribs 114, 116 which assist in holding the panels in a common plane.  
  FIG. 10 shows the universal panels 60 assembled to form a horizontally extending structure such as a roof 120 supported on a vertical wall section 122. The horizontal channels 124 between panels are filled with concrete to form beams 126. Forms can also be supported at the top of wall 122 and opposite the ends 128 of the panels 60 to enable pouring of a horizontal beam portion 130 which connects the beams 126. If flange 64 is broken away above passageways 98, the beams 130, 126 can be formed at the same time as the concrete bond 102 to integrate the roof and side wall assemblies.  
 What is claimed is:  
  1. A building wall construction having a footing arranged in the configuration of the building, a wall assembly comprising an array of first and second masonry panels supported on said footing and arranged in wall sections having end panels, each of said panels having an inside face and an outside face and oppo&#39;sitely located vertical side edges, said first panels having inside and outside flanges, said outside flanges extending from one of said side edges and being a continuous extension of said outside face, said inside flanges being a continuous extension of said inside face, and said second panels including flanges extending from said side edges and being extensions of said outside face of said second panels, said flanges projecting from said side edges a distance equal to the thickness of said panels less the thickness of said flanges to form vertical chambers between adjacent panels, and said flanges having an end surface and an inside surface and each of said panels having a dowel projecting from a side edge, said dowels being located to abut said inside surface of said flange of said adjacent panels of the same wall to align the wall sections in the same wall in a planar array with a continuous planar outer wall surface and said dowels in one of said panels adjacent a corner engaging a side edge of the other of said adjacent panels to align the end surface of said flange of said other of said panels with the outer surface of said one panel to form a continuous surface to the corner, each of said wall sections including at least one of said second panels to reverse the sequence of flanges of said first panels so that the end panels in each wall section have outside flanges projecting from said wall section to form corners with adjacent transverse wall sections.  
  2. A building wall construction in accordance with claim 1 wherein said side edges include longitudinal vertical grooves to form a spline of reinforcing concrete introduced in said chambers and between side edges of adjacent panels to prevent lateral displacement of said adjacent panels.  
  3. A building wall construction in accordance with claim 1 wherein each of said panels have upper and lower ends and channels in said ends extending the width of said panels, said channels in each of said panels being in communication with channels in adjacent panels and the vertical chambers and a continuous peripheral bond of concrete around each of said panels with the continuous bonds integrally connected to the bonds of concrete around adjacent panels.  
  4. A building wall construction in accordance with claim 3 including hanger loops in each of said upper and lower channels.  
  5. A building wall construction in accordance with claim 4 wherein said hanger loops for said upper and lower channels are at the ends of a rod extending vertically and diagonally through said panels and in which the free ends of said loops are embedded in the panel through which the rod extends.  
  6. A building wall construction in accordance with claim 1 wherein each of said panels has a plurality of hollow tubes molded within the panels and extending substantially the length of said panels.  
  7. The building wall construction of claim 1 in combination with a plurality of said panels arranged to form a horizontally disposed structural building member supported by said wall assembly with said flanges forming a passage bottom, including reinforcing concrete in said passages and surrounding said panels to provide a continuous integral band of concrete around the periphery of said horizontally disposed panels.