Patent Publication Number: US-2002009976-A1

Title: Radiation protection device for cellular telephones

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE  
     [0001] This application relies upon U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/175,149, filed Jan. 7, 2000, for priority. 
    
    
     
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002] This invention relates to positioning radio frequency radiation-resistant material between the human head and the source of such radiation to protect the head.  
       BACKGROUND  
       [0003] Many forms of communications equipment contain components which transmit and receive radio frequency energy as electromagnetic radiation. Cellular telephones are an example of communication devices which are transceivers which both transmit and receive signals as electromagnetic energy in the radio frequency bands. Cellular telephones operate in the ultra-high frequency bands between 700 Megahertz and 1 Gigahertz. The incoming radio frequency energy from a central station or a cell site retransmitter are at a lower energy level than the outgoing signal back to the base station or cell site, purely as a matter of distance. The pocket or hand-held telephones have a maximum output power of 0.7 watts. The cellular telephone which is carried like a briefcase or is permanently mounted in an automobile has an output power of up to 7 watts of radio frequency energy.  
       [0004] There have been concerns about health problems linked to cellular telephones. These concerns are related to the studies indicating that there may be physiological damage caused by that much radio frequency energy transmission that close to the human head. This is a question of the safety of the human being with respect to the exposure he receives from this amount of radio frequency energy that close to the user&#39;s head. While there does not appear to be a definitive study which shows that such radio frequency energy causes physiological damage, it is well to protect the head from such energy as a worthy precaution.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0005] In order to aid in the understanding of this invention, it can be stated in essentially summary form that it is directed to placing a radiation-resistant device between a cellular telephone and the user&#39;s head. The radiation-resistant device can be mounted on the telephone case, can form a part of the telephone case or may be mounted on the telephone itself. The radiation-resistant device is preferably a layer of material which reflects a substantial amount of the cellular telephone transmitter energy away from the user&#39;s head.  
       [0006] It is thus a purpose and advantage of this invention to provide a radiation shield which is positioned between the cellular telephone antenna and cellular telephone radio frequency energy-generating parts and the user&#39;s head to attenuate the radio frequency energy incident to the user&#39;s head.  
       [0007] It is another purpose and advantage of this invention to provide a radiation-resistant structure which can be mounted directly on the telephone so that it is positioned between the antenna of the telephone and the user&#39;s head.  
       [0008] It is a further purpose and advantage of this invention to provide a radiation-protective device which includes forming a cellular telephone case of radiation-resistant material so that a substantial part of the body of the telephone is encased in the radiation-resistant material.  
       [0009] It is another purpose and advantage of this invention to provide an enhanced comfort for the user of the telephone so he is less concerned about radio frequency energy-caused physiological deterioration or other adverse effects.  
       [0010] It is a further purpose and advantage of this invention to provide a radiation protective device which is configured and mounted so that it can be easily used and is structured so that it is inexpensive so that it is widely used to enhance protection from radio frequency energy-caused deterioration. 
     
    
    
     [0011] The features of this invention which are believed to be novel are set forth with particularity in this specification. The present invention, both as to its organization and manner of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof, may be best understood by reference to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.  
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
     [0012]FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a hand-held cellular telephone having the first preferred embodiment of the radiation protective device of this invention thereon in the form of a telephone case and antenna shield, seen from the active front side of the telephone.  
     [0013]FIG. 2 is a similar view, seen from the back of the telephone.  
     [0014]FIG. 3 is a similar view, showing the case closed.  
     [0015]FIG. 4 is an elevational view with parts broken away of the radiation protective device in accordance with this invention, showing the antenna flap extended.  
     [0016]FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view, taken generally along the line  5 - 5  of FIG. 4, showing the telephone and the radiation protective device adjacent a human head.  
     [0017]FIG. 6 is a plan view of a spring which is alternative to the spring shown in FIG. 4.  
     [0018]FIG. 7 is a front view of a different cellular telephone, showing the second preferred embodiment of the radiation protective device in accordance with this invention configured therefor.  
     [0019]FIG. 8A is a section taken generally along the line  8 A- 8 A of FIG. 7.  
     [0020]FIG. 8B is a cross-section of an alternative material as seen along the line  8 A- 8 A of FIG. 7.  
     [0021]FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a third preferred embodiment of the radiation protective device in accordance with this invention shown mounted on a hand-held cellular telephone.  
     [0022]FIG. 10 is an enlarged section taken generally along line  10 - 10  of FIG. 9.  
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
     [0023]FIGS. 1, 2,  3  and  5  show a conventional cellular telephone (sometimes referred to herein as “cell phone”). The cellular telephone  10  has a housing  12  which contains most of the telephone equipment. An antenna  14  extends upwardly out of the housing. The housing contains or has attached thereto a battery for powering the system. The housing contains radio frequency transmitting equipment and radio frequency receiving equipment, usually in two different RF bands so that two-way communication can be achieved. The cell phone  10  has a front face  16  which may include various touch buttons for operating and controlling the cell phone. It may have a display  18  for displaying information related to the cell phone. The display  18  is usually a liquid crystal device. The front face of the phone has a speaker behind speaker holes  20  in telephone case  22 . Further, it has a microphone behind microphone holes  24 .  
     [0024] When active, the front face of the telephone is held to the side of the face with the speaker holes adjacent the ear and the microphone adjacent the mouth for two-way communication. Cell phones currently operate at frequencies between 700 Megahertz and 1 Gigahertz. The power output of such telephones has been limited to 0.7 Watts and, at the time the standard was adopted, it was thought that this level of power even that close to the human head would not be physiologically detrimental. There is radio frequency power-generating equipment within the housing which generates this RF output power. The housing  12  itself serves as a radiation shield for a portion of that radiation, but the antenna  14  is exposed for radiation in all directions. It is the antenna  14  that radiates the major part of the energy and, accordingly, is of the most concern.  
     [0025] In order to reduce the amount of radiant energy directed toward the person using the telephone, the case  22  is provided. Case  22  is constructed of substantially flexible material in one or more layers. At least one layer of the case material is resistant to electromagnetic radiation in the cellular telephone frequency bands. An electrically conductive mesh such as knitted or woven fabric made of strands of thin wire is suitable. Such a mesh may be incorporated into a synthetic polymer composition material sheet. The strands from which the woven or knitted fabric are made could be synthetic or natural fibers which are coated with a metallic layer, such as aluminum, copper or silver. Instead of using conductive strands, a polymer layer can be loaded with metallic flakes. In such a case, sufficient loading of metallic flakes into the synthetic polymer composition material is necessary to obtain substantial conductivity between the flakes to provide radiation attenuation. When formed in such a manner, the synthetic polymer composition sheet may be colored and textured in a manner that it can serve also as the exterior surface in a decorative manner. In such a case, only one layer of case material may be necessary. In other situations, a separate structural layer is created separately from the decorative and physically protective sheet layer and then the layers will be laminated together.  
     [0026] As seen in FIGS. 1, 2,  3 ,  4  and  5 , the case  22  has a front  26  which covers the front of the telephone and may have openings therethrough for audio, visual or tactile access to the cellular telephone  10  itself. The case also has a back  28  and an edge  30  which extends around both edges and the bottom of the cell phone. The edge  30  is attached to the front and back to form a pocket into which the cell phone is inserted. While the back  28  need not be formed of radiation-resistant material, it is useful as physical protection for the cellular telephone. It is thus convenient to make all parts of the same material.  
     [0027] The top of the case front has protective panel  32  contiguously formed therewith. When in the open position shown in FIGS. 1, 2,  4  and  5 , the protective panel extends upward above the top of antenna  14 . Protective panel  32  has a notch  34  therein which permits the panel to be folded down around the antenna  14  and over the top of the case, to the closed position. Hook and loop fasteners  36  and  37 , see FIG. 2, releasably hold the protective panel down in the position of FIG. 3. When raised, the protective panel lies generally along the plane of the front of case  26 , with which it is contiguous. Fan-shaped notch-covering panel  38  is pivoted on the panel  32  on pivot  40 . The pivot point is preferably located so that, when the protective panel  32  is raised, the pivoted notch covering panel  38  falls into the notch covering position of FIGS. 1, 2 and  4 . When the cellular telephone is not in use, the notch-covering panel is pivoted back underneath protective panel  32  to expose the notch to permit the panel  32  to be folded down around the antenna  14 . In FIGS. 4 and 5, the case front  26  is shown as having an outer structural layer  42  and an inner radiation-resistant layer  44 . It is seen in FIG. 5 that the notch-covering panel  38  is formed of the same layers. The outer layer is the structural and decorative layer which provides physical protection for the cellular telephone and the inner layer is the radiation-resistant layer of the nature described above. When two-layer structures are employed, as thus described, a spring  46  is employed to resiliently hold the protective panel  32  in the upright position shown in FIGS. 1, 2,  4  and  5 . The spring has an upper loop  48  embedded in the protective panel  32  and a lower leg  50  embedded in the case front  26 . The spring is embedded between the two layers. If only a single layer of combined structurally-protective and radiation-resistant material is used, the spring may be secured to the inside face. Upper loop  48  and lower leg  50  of the spring  46  are joined by a spring coil  52  which permits the spring and protective panel  32  to flex as it is moved from the position in FIG. 2 to the position in FIG. 3. The spring is made of very fine wire which permits the proper flexure, because very little strength is required to hold the protective panel  32  in the upper, protected position in FIGS. 1, 2,  4  and  5 .  
     [0028]FIG. 6 shows spring  54  which can be used alternatively to the spring  48 . The spring  54  has an upper loop  56  and two lower legs  58  and  60 . The lower legs extend down into the case front  26  while the upper loop  56  extends up into the protective panel  32 . The spring coils illustrated between the loop and the legs lie at the top edge of the cellular telephone  10 . The spring  54  also resiliently holds the protective panel  32  in the upper, protective position and permits the protective panel to fold over the top of the cellular telephone in the same manner as shown in FIG. 3.  
     [0029] The cellular telephone  62  shown in FIG. 7 is of a different configuration. It has a cover which hinges up from the main body of the telephone, when the telephone is in use. The cover may carry a display or other structure necessary for telephone operation. The telephone  62  has an antenna  65 , seen only in dashed lines extending upward from the main body of the cellular telephone, in FIG. 7. For a cellular telephone of this configuration, the protective case  66  covers the face of the telephone. The case  66  has openings through which the telephone can be visually, tactually and audibly accessed. The protective panel  68  is integrally formed with the front of the protective case. It folds upward into the active position between the head of the user and the antenna, shown in FIG. 7, when the telephone is in use. It folds down to cover the front face of the telephone when the telephone is not in use. Spring  70  is incorporated into the protective panel  68  to urge the protective panel upward when the cellular telephone is in use. The spring  70  is of the same general nature as the springs  46  and  54 .  
     [0030] The protective panel  68  is formed of a cover layer  72  and a protective layer  74  shown in FIG. 8A. The cover layer is decorative and sturdy enough to physically protect the telephone. The protective layer is radiation-resistant in the cellular telephone utilized electromagnetic band described above. The protective layer is also described above. The layers are laminated together and used to form the protective case  66  and protective panel  68 . The fact that the protective panel swings down in front of the main body of the telephone into the closed, inactive position precludes the need for a notch to accommodate the antenna  65 . FIG. 8B shows a layer of the material for the case wherein the inner layer  76  and the outer layer  78  are laminated upon radiation-resistant material  80 . This multiple thickness material is used as the material of the protective panel  68  because both sides of the panel are visible when the protective panel is in its raised, protective position.  
     [0031] It is not necessary to use a case surrounding the cellular telephone to provide support for the protective panel. FIG. 9 shows a cellular telephone  82  which has an antenna  84 , shown in dashed lines. In this case, protective panel  86  is configured to rest on the top of the body of the telephone so that it is positioned between the antenna  86  and the head of the user, when the telephone is in use. The protective panel  86  is preferably formed of two layers  88  and  90  which are laminated together, as seen in FIG. 10. Both of these layers may be of material which is resistant to radiation in the relevant radio frequency bands. On the other hand, the side toward the user&#39;s head may be suitable for physical contact while the side toward the antenna is radiation-resistant. The protective panel  86  is held in place by means of a wire loop  92  which is laminated between the layers. The legs  94  and  96  extend down from the principal portion of the protective panel, along the edges of the cellular telephone. They are held in place by means of an elastomeric band  98  which clamps the legs against the side of the telephone. Thus, the protective panel is positioned between the user&#39;s head and the antenna while the telephone is in use. In the event the user keeps the cell phone in a conventional decorative and/or protective leather case, the legs  94  and  96  may be inserted into the leather case and, thus, the elastomeric band may be eliminated.  
     [0032] The radiation-protective panel works by reflecting radio frequency energy radiated from the antenna. This energy reflects at both interfaces of the protective layer. Up to 90 decibels of the radio frequency energy is reflected or absorbed. This means a reduction in transmitted radio frequency energy in the order of 10 −9 . In addition to significantly reducing the transmitted amount of radio frequency energy which may cause physiological damage, the radiation resistant-protective panel also reduces the amount of energy which may be delivered to a hearing aid worn by the telephone user. This reduces any spurious signals or coupling with respect to the electronic hearing aid.  
     [0033] This invention has been described in its presently contemplated best modes and embodiments and it is clear that it is susceptible to numerous modifications, modes and embodiments within the ability of those skilled in the art and without the exercise of the inventive faculty. Accordingly, the scope of this invention is defined by the scope of the following claims.