Patent Publication Number: US-2023135235-A1

Title: Display device

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0149122 filed on Nov. 2, 2021, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     B ACKGROUND 
     Certain embodiments of the present disclosure described herein relate to a display device. 
     Electronic devices (e.g., such as smart phones, digital cameras, notebook computers, navigation systems, monitors, smart televisions, etc.) may include a display device for providing (e.g., displaying) images or video to a user. For example, a display device may generate an image and then provide the user with the generated image through a display screen. 
     The display device may include a plurality of pixels, as well as driving circuits for controlling the plurality of pixels. Each of the plurality of pixels may include a light emitting element and a pixel circuit for controlling the light emitting element. The driving circuit of a pixel may include a plurality of transistors organically connected to one another. For instance, the display device may apply a data signal to a display panel to display a predetermined image (e.g., where a current corresponding to the data signal is provided to the light emitting elements of the pixels of the display). 
     However, in some cases, light emitting elements and transistors constituting pixels of a display device may deteriorate. For instance, after extended operation of pixel light emitting elements and transistors, the characteristics of the pixel may be changed (e.g., which may adversely affect the intended appearance of the pixel to an observer). There is a need in the art for improved display devices and improved methods for operating display devices. 
     SUMMARY 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a display device capable of compensating for a change in characteristics of a pixel. 
     According to an embodiment, a display device includes a display panel including a pixel positioned in an active area and a dummy pixel positioned in an inactive area adjacent to the active area, a driving controller outputting an output image signal (e.g., for compensating for an input image signal) to a data driving circuit based on a sensing signal received from the dummy pixel, and the data driving circuit providing the pixel with a data signal corresponding to the output image signal. The driving controller includes a first accumulator accumulating the output image signal and outputting a first accumulation signal, a first lookup table storing a compensation value, the grayscale value corresponding to a grayscale level of the input image signal and an operating time of the pixel, a sensing compensator correcting the compensation value stored in the first lookup table based on the sensing signal received from the dummy pixel, a first compensator outputting a first compensation signal based on the input image signal, the first accumulation signal, and the compensation value stored in the first lookup table, and an adder outputting the output image signal by adding the first compensation signal to the input image signal. 
     In an embodiment, the sensing compensator may include a compensation grayscale calculator calculating a compensation grayscale corresponding to the sensing signal, a sensing accumulator accumulating the sensing signal and outputting operating time information corresponding to an operating time of the dummy pixel, a reference value storage outputting a compensation reference value corresponding to the operating time information, and a compensation value calculator calculating a difference value between the compensation grayscale and the compensation reference value and outputting a correction value for correcting the compensation value stored in the first lookup table, wherein the correction value corresponds to the calculated difference value. 
     In an embodiment, the pixel may include a first transistor electrically connected between a first voltage line and a first node, where the first transistor includes a gate electrode receiving the data signal from the data driving circuit. The pixel may also include a light emitting element electrically connected between the first node and a second voltage line. 
     In an embodiment, the first compensation signal is a signal for compensating for a current at the first node according to a characteristic change of the first transistor. 
     In an embodiment, the driving controller may further include a second accumulator accumulating the output image signal and outputting a second accumulation signal and a second compensator outputting a second compensation signal corresponding to the input image signal and the second accumulation signal. The adder may output the output image signal by adding the first compensation signal and the second compensation signal to the input image signal. 
     In an embodiment, the second compensation signal is a signal for compensating for a characteristic change of the light emitting element. 
     In an embodiment, the first compensator may receive the second accumulation signal from the second compensator, calculate a voltage correction coefficient based on (e.g., according to) the second accumulation signal, change a grayscale level of the input image signal into a grayscale level corresponding to the voltage correction coefficient, and output the first compensation signal corresponding to the changed grayscale level and the first accumulation signal based on (e.g., with reference to) the compensation value from the first lookup table. 
     In an embodiment, the voltage correction coefficient is proportional to the operating time of the pixel. 
     In an embodiment, the dummy pixel may include a first transistor electrically connected between a first voltage line and a first node, and the first transistor may include a gate electrode configured to receive the data signal. The dummy pixel may also include a light emitting element electrically connected between the first node and a second voltage line. 
     In an embodiment, the sensing signal may correspond to a current at the first node. 
     In an embodiment, the driving controller may further include a second lookup table storing a correction value according to a location of the pixel in the display panel. The first accumulator may output the first accumulation signal corresponding to the output image signal based on referencing the correction value stored in the second lookup table. 
     According to an embodiment, a display device includes a display panel including a pixel positioned in an active area and a dummy pixel positioned in an inactive area adjacent to the active area, a driving controller outputting an output image signal (e.g., for compensating for an input image signal) based on a sensing signal received from the dummy pixel, and a data driving circuit providing the pixel with a data signal corresponding to the output image signal. The pixel includes a light emitting element and a transistor electrically connected to the light emitting element. The driving controller includes a first compensation block outputting: a first compensation signal for compensating for a characteristic change of the transistor based on the input image signal, a first accumulation signal from accumulating the output image signal, and the sensing signal. The driving controller further includes a second compensation block outputting: a second compensation signal for compensating for a characteristic change of the light emitting element based on the input image signal and a second accumulation signal from accumulating the output image signal. The driving controller further includes an adder outputting the output image signal by adding the input image signal, the first compensation signal, and the second compensation signal. 
     In an embodiment, the first compensation block may include a first accumulator accumulating the output image signal and outputting the first accumulation signal; a first lookup table storing a compensation value, the compensation value corresponding to a grayscale level of the input image signal and an operating time of the pixel; a sensing compensator correcting the compensation value stored in the first lookup table based on the sensing signal from the dummy pixel; and a first compensator outputting the first compensation signal, the first compensation signal corresponding to the input image signal and the first accumulation signal based on the compensation value stored in the first lookup table. 
     In an embodiment, the sensing compensator may include a compensation grayscale calculator calculating a compensation grayscale corresponding to the sensing signal, a sensing accumulator accumulating the sensing signal and outputting operating time information corresponding to an operating time of the dummy pixel, a reference value storage outputting a compensation reference value corresponding to the operating time information, and a compensation value calculator. The compensation value calculator may calculate a difference value between the compensation grayscale and the compensation reference value, and output a correction value for correcting the compensation value stored in the first lookup table, where the correction value corresponds to the difference value. 
     In an embodiment, the second compensation block may include a second accumulator accumulating the output image signal and to output the second accumulation signal and a second compensator outputting the second compensation signal corresponding to the input image signal and the second accumulation signal. 
     In an embodiment, the first compensator may receive the second accumulation signal from the second compensator, may calculate a voltage correction coefficient according to the second accumulation signal, may change a grayscale level of the input image signal into a grayscale level corresponding to the voltage correction coefficient, and may output the first compensation signal corresponding to the changed grayscale level and the first accumulation signal based on referencing the compensation value from the first lookup table. 
     In an embodiment, the voltage correction coefficient is proportional to the operating time of the pixel. 
     In an embodiment, the dummy pixel may include a first transistor electrically connected between a first voltage line and a first node, where the first transistor includes a gate electrode configured to receive the data signal. The dummy pixel may further include a light emitting element electrically connected between the first node and a second voltage line. 
     In an embodiment, the sensing signal may correspond to a current at the first node. 
     In an embodiment, the driving controller may further include a second lookup table storing a correction value according to a location of the pixel in the display panel. The first accumulator may output the first accumulation signal corresponding to the output image signal based on referencing the correction value stored in the second lookup table. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       The above and other features of the present disclosure will become apparent by describing in detail embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
         FIG.  1    is a perspective view of a display device, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  2    is an exploded perspective view of a display device, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  3    is a block diagram of a display device, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  4    is a circuit diagram of a pixel, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  5    is a circuit diagram of a dummy pixel, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  6    is a diagram illustrating a voltage-current characteristic of a first transistor of  FIG.  4   . 
         FIG.  7    is a schematic diagram of a driving controller, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  8    is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of an image processor in a driving controller, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  9    is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a sensing compensator, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  10    is a diagram for describing an operation of a compensation grayscale calculator of  FIG.  9   . 
         FIG.  11    is a diagram for describing an operation of the compensation value calculator shown in  FIG.  9   . 
         FIG.  12    shows a first lookup table. 
         FIG.  13    is a diagram for describing an operation of a second compensator of  FIG.  8   . 
         FIG.  14    is a diagram for describing an operation of a first accumulator  114  shown in  FIG.  8   . 
         FIG.  15    is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of an image processor in a driving controller, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  16    illustrates a voltage correction coefficient according to a second accumulation signal. 
         FIG.  17    illustrates a grayscale level-current conversion characteristic of an input image signal of a first compensator according to a voltage correction coefficient. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     Electronic devices (e.g., such as smart phones, digital cameras, notebook computers, navigation systems, monitors, smart televisions, etc.) may include a display device for providing (e.g., displaying) images or video to a user. In some cases (e.g., due to extended operation of light emitting elements and transistors of pixels of a display device, etc.), characteristics of display pixel may change, which may adversely affect the intended appearance of the pixel to an observer. 
     According to the techniques described herein, a display device may compensate for such changes in characteristics of light emitting elements and transistors in pixels of a display. For example, a driving circuit of a display device may update a lookup table that stores one or more compensation values. Each compensation value may correspond to a characteristic change of a transistor. In some embodiments, the characteristic change of a transistor may be determined (e.g., and stored) based on a sensing signal received from a dummy pixel. Accordingly, a display device may generate a compensation signal based on an actual characteristic change of the transistor in the pixel. The compensation signal may be used by the display device to compensate for pixel characteristic changes that occur over time. For instance, a display device may use such compensation signals to correct input signals to be applied to one or more pixels of a display (e.g., such that the output signal, or compensated input signal, applied to a given pixel of the display accounts for characteristic changes associated with the given pixel of the display). Accordingly, based on one or more aspects of the present disclosure, a display device may drive pixels with improved intended accuracy, a display device may produce images that appear more natural to a user/observer, etc. 
     In some cases, in the present specification, the expression that a first component (or region, layer, part, etc.) is “on”, “connected with”, or “coupled with” a second component may mean that the first component is directly on, connected with, or coupled with the second component or means that a third component is interposed therebetween. 
     Like reference numerals may refer to like components. Also, in drawings, the thickness, ratio, and dimension of components may be exaggerated for effectiveness of description of technical contents. The term “and/or” may include one or more combinations of the associated listed items. 
     The terms “first”, “second”, etc. may be used to describe various components, but the components are not limited by the terms. The terms may be used only to differentiate one component from another component. For example, without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure, a first component may be referred to as a second component, and similarly, the second component may be referred to as the first component. The articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are singular in that they have a single referent, but the use of the singular form in the specification should not preclude the presence of more than one referent. 
     Also, the terms “under”, “beneath”, “on”, “above”, etc. may be used to describe a relationship between components illustrated in a drawing. The terms are relative and are described with reference to a direction indicated in the drawing. 
     It will be understood that the terms “include”, “comprise”, “have”, etc. specify the presence of features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, or components, described in the specification, or a combination thereof, not precluding the presence or additional possibility of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, or components or a combination thereof. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical terms and scientific terms) used in this specification may have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. Furthermore, terms such as terms defined in the dictionaries commonly used should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the related technology, and should not be interpreted in ideal or overly formal meanings unless explicitly defined herein. 
     Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to accompanying drawings. 
       FIG.  1    is a perspective view of a display device, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure.  FIG.  2    is an exploded perspective view of a display device, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  1  and  2   , a display device DD may be a device activated depending on an electrical signal. The display device DD according to the present disclosure may be a small and medium-sized electronic device, such as a mobile phone, a tablet PC, a notebook computer, a vehicle navigation system, or a game console, as well as a large-sized electronic device, such as a television or a monitor. The above descriptions are provided for exemplary purposes, and it is obvious that the display device DD may be applied to any other display device(s) without departing from the concept of the present disclosure. The display device DD has a rectangular shape having a long side in a first direction DR 1  and a short side in a second direction DR 2  crossing in the first direction DR 1 . However, the shape of the display device DD is not limited thereto. For example, the display device DD may be implemented in various shapes. The display device DD may display an image IM on a display surface IS parallel to each of the first direction DR 1  and the second direction DR 2 , so as to face a third direction DR 3 . The display surface IS on which the image IM is displayed may correspond to a front surface of the display device DD. 
     In some aspects, a display may comprise a conventional monitor, a monitor coupled with an integrated display, an integrated display (e.g., an LCD display), or other means for viewing associated data or processing information. 
     In some examples, a front surface (or an upper/top surface) and a rear surface (or a lower/bottom surface) of each member are defined based on a direction in which the image IM is displayed. The front surface and the rear surface may be opposite to each other in the third direction DR 3 , and a normal direction of each of the front surface and the rear surface may be parallel to the third direction DR 3 . 
     A separation distance between the front surface and the rear surface in the third direction DR 3  may correspond to a thickness of the display device DD in the third direction DR 3 . Meanwhile, directions that the first, second, and third directions DR 1 , DR 2 , and DR 3  indicate may be relative in concept and may be changed to different directions. 
     The display device DD may sense an external input applied from the outside. The external input may include various types of inputs that are provided from the outside of the display device DD. The display device DD according to some examples of the present disclosure may sense an external input of a user, which is applied from the outside. The external input of the user may one of various types of external inputs, such as a part of his/her body, light, heat, his/her eye, and pressure, or a combination thereof. Also, the display device DD may sense the external input of the user applied to a side surface or a rear surface of the display device DD depending on a structure of the display device DD and is not limited to one embodiment. As an example of the present disclosure, an external input may include an input by an input device (e.g., a stylus pen, an active pen, a touch pen, an electronic pen, or an E-pen). 
     In some embodiments, the display surface IS of the display device DD is divided into a display area DA and a non-display area NDA. The display area DA may be an area in which the image IM is displayed. The user perceives (or views) the image IM through the display area DA. In some examples, the display area DA is illustrated in the shape of a quadrangle whose vertexes are rounded. However, this is illustrated as an example. The display area DA may have various shapes by analogy, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. 
     A non-display area NDA is adjacent to the display area DA. The non-display area NDA may have a given color. The non-display area NDA may surround the display area DA. As such, a shape of the display area DA may be defined substantially by the non-display area NDA. However, this is illustrated as an example. The non-display area NDA may be disposed adjacent to only one side of the display area DA or may be omitted. In some cases, one or more aspects of display device DD may be modified and techniques described herein may still be applied, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  2   , the display device DD may include a display module DM and a window WM disposed on the display module DM. The display module DM may include a display panel DP and an input sensing layer ISP. 
     According to some examples of the present disclosure, the display panel DP may include a light emitting display panel. For example, the display panel DP may be an organic light emitting display panel, an inorganic light emitting display panel, a quantum dot light emitting display panel. An emission layer of the organic light emitting display layer may include an organic light emitting material. An emission layer of the inorganic light emitting display panel may include an inorganic light emitting material. An emission layer of the quantum dot light emitting display panel may include a quantum dot and a quantum rod. Hereinafter, the description may assume that the display panel DP is an organic light-emitting display panel (e.g., however techniques and devices described herein are not limited thereto). 
     In some embodiments, the display panel DP outputs the image IM, and the output image IM is displayed through the display surface IS. 
     In some embodiments, the input sensing layer ISP is disposed on the display panel DP to sense an external input. The input sensing layer ISP may be directly disposed on the display panel DP. According to some examples of the present disclosure, the input sensing layer ISP may be formed on the display panel DP by a subsequent process. For example, in the case where the input sensing layer ISP is directly disposed on the display panel DP, an inner adhesive film (not illustrated) is not interposed between the input sensing layer ISP and the display panel DP. However, an inner adhesive film may be interposed between the input sensing layer ISP and the display panel DP. In this case, the input sensing layer ISP is not manufactured together with the display panel DP through the subsequent processes. For example, the input sensing layer ISP may be manufactured through a process separate from that of the display panel DP and may then be fixed on an upper surface of the display panel DP by the inner adhesive film. 
     In some embodiments, the window WM is formed of a transparent material capable of outputting the image IM. For example, the window WM may be formed of glass, sapphire, plastic, etc. It is illustrated that the window WM is implemented with a single layer. However, aspects of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the window WM may include a plurality of layers. 
     In some embodiments, the non-display area NDA of the display device DD described above corresponds to an area that is defined by printing a material including a given color on one area of the window WM. As an example of the present disclosure, the window WM may include a light blocking pattern for defining the non-display area NDA. The light blocking pattern, which has the form of an organic film having a color, may be, for example, formed in a coating manner. 
     In some embodiments, the window WM is coupled to the display module DM through an adhesive film. As an example of the present disclosure, the adhesive film may include an optically clear adhesive (OCA) film. However, the adhesive film is not limited thereto. For example, the adhesive film may include a typical adhesive or sticking agent. For example, the adhesive film may include an optically clear resin (OCR) or a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) film. 
     In some embodiments, an anti-reflection layer is further disposed between the window WM and the display module DM. The anti-reflection layer decreases reflectivity of an external light incident from above the window WM. The anti-reflection layer, according to some examples of the present disclosure, may include a retarder and a polarizer. The retarder may be a retarder of a film type or a liquid crystal coating type and may include a λ/2 retarder and/or a λ/4 retarder. The polarizer may also have a film type or a liquid crystal coating type. The film type may include a stretch-type synthetic resin film, and the liquid crystal coating type may include liquid crystals arranged in a given direction. The retarder and the polarizer may be implemented with one polarization film. 
     As an example of the present disclosure, the anti-reflection layer may also include color filters. The arrangement of the color filters may be determined based on colors of light generated from a plurality of pixels PX (e.g., as described in more detail herein, for example, with reference to  FIG.  3   ) included in the display panel DP. Also, the anti-reflection layer may further include a light blocking pattern. 
     The display module DM may display the image IM depending on an electrical signal and may transmit/receive information about an external input. The display module DM may be defined by an active area AA and an inactive area NAA. The active area AA may be defined as an area through which the image IM provided from the display area DA is output. Also, the active area AA may be defined as an area in which the input sensing layer ISP senses an external input applied from the outside. 
     The inactive area NAA is adjacent to the active area AA. For example, the inactive area NAA may surround the active area AA. However, this is illustrated by way of an example. The inactive area NAA may be defined in various shapes, and is not limited to any single embodiment. According to some examples, the active area AA of the display module DM may correspond to at least part of the display area DA. 
     The display module DM may further include a main circuit board MCB, flexible circuit films D-FCB, and driver chips DIC. The main circuit board MCB may be connected to the flexible circuit films D-FCB and may be electrically connected to a display panel DP. The flexible circuit films D-FCB is connected to the display panel DP to electrically connect the display panel DP to the main circuit board MCB. The main circuit board MCB may include a plurality of driving elements. The plurality of driving elements may include a circuit unit for driving the display panel DP. The driver chips DIC may be mounted on the flexible circuit films D-FCB. 
     As an example of the present disclosure, the flexible circuit films D-FCB may include a first flexible circuit film D-FCB 1 , a second flexible circuit film D-FCB 2 , and a third flexible circuit film D-FCB 3 . The driver chips DIC may include a first driver chip DIC 1 , a second driver chip DIC 2 , and a third driver chip DIC 3 . The first to third flexible circuit films D-FCB 1 , D-FCB 2 , and D-FCB 3  may be disposed spaced from each other in the first direction DR 1  and may be connected with the display panel DP to electrically connect the display panel DP and the main circuit board MCB. The first driver chip DIC 1  may be mounted on the first flexible circuit film D-FCB 1 . The second driver chip DIC 2  may be mounted on the second flexible circuit film D-FCB 2 . The third driver chip DIC 3  may be mounted on the third flexible circuit film D-FCB 3 . However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the display panel DP may be electrically connected with the main circuit board MCB through one flexible circuit film, and only one driver chip may be mounted on the one flexible circuit film. Also, the display panel DP may be electrically connected with the main circuit board MCB through four or more flexible circuit films, and driver chips may be respectively mounted on the flexible circuit films. 
     A structure in which the first to third driver chips DIC 1 , DIC 2 , and DIC 3  are respectively mounted on the first to third flexible circuit films D-FCB 1 , D-FCB 2 , and D-FCB 3  is illustrated in  FIG.  2   , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the first to third driver chips DIC 1 , DIC 2 , and DIC 3  may be directly mounted on the display panel DP. In this case, a portion of the display panel DP, on which the first to third driver chips DIC 1 , DIC 2 , and DIC 3  are mounted, may be bent such that the first to third driver chips DIC 1 , DIC 2 , and DIC 3  are disposed on a rear surface of the display module DM. Also, the first to third driver chips DIC 1 , DIC 2 , and DIC 3  may be directly mounted on the main circuit board MCB. 
     In some embodiments, the input sensing layer ISP is electrically connected with the main circuit board MCB through the flexible circuit films D-FCB. However, embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the display module DM may additionally include a separate flexible circuit film for electrically connecting the input sensing layer ISP and the main circuit board MCB. 
     The display device DD further includes an outer case EDC accommodating the display module DM. The outer case EDC may be coupled with the window WM to define the exterior of the display device DD. The outer case EDC may absorb external shocks and may prevent a foreign material/moisture or the like from being infiltrated into the display module DM such that components accommodated in the outer case EDC are protected. Meanwhile, as an example of the present disclosure, the outer case EDC may be provided in the form of a combination of a plurality of accommodating members. 
     The display device DD according to some examples may further include an electronic module including various functional modules for operating the display module DM, a power supply module (e.g., a battery) for supplying a power necessary for overall operations of the display device DD, a bracket coupled with the display module DM and/or the outer case EDC to partition an inner space of the display device DD, etc. 
       FIG.  3    is a schematic diagram of a display device, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG.  3   , the display device DD includes a driving controller  100 , a data driving circuit  200 , and the display panel DP. 
     The driving controller  100  receives an input image signal RGB and a control signal CTRL. The driving controller  100  generates an output image signal DS by converting a data format of the input image signal RGB to be suitable for (e.g., to be compatible with) the interface specification of the data driving circuit  200 . The driving controller  100  may output a scan control signal SCS and a data control signal DCS. 
     The data driving circuit  200  receives the data control signal DCS and the output image signal DS from the driving controller  100 . The data driving circuit  200  converts the output image signal DS into data signals and then outputs the data signals to a plurality of data lines DL 1  to DLm to be described later. The data signals may refer to analog voltages corresponding to a grayscale level of the output image signal DS (e.g., based on aspects of the output image signal DS that apply to respective data lines DL 1  to DLm). The data driving circuit  200  may be disposed in the driver chips DIC shown in  FIG.  2   . 
     The display panel DP includes first scan lines SCL 1  to SCLn, second scan lines SSL 1  to SSLn, dummy scan lines DCL and DSL, the data lines DL 1  to DLm, pixels PX, and dummy pixels DPX. The display panel DP may further include a scan driving circuit  300 . In some examples, the scan driving circuit  300  may be arranged on a first side of the display panel DP. The first scan lines SCL 1  to SCLn and the second scan lines SSL 1  to SSLn extend in the first direction DR 1  from the scan driving circuit  300 . 
     In some embodiments, the driving controller  100 , the data driving circuit  200 , and the scan driving circuit  300  comprise a driving circuit for providing a data signal to the pixels PX of the display panel DP. 
     In some embodiments, the display panel DP is divided into the active area AA and the inactive area NAA. The pixels PX may be positioned in the active area AA. The dummy pixels DPX and the scan driving circuit  300  may be positioned in the inactive area NAA. 
     The first scan lines SCL 1  to SCLn and the second scan lines SSL 1  to SSLn extend from the scan driving circuit  300  in the first direction DR 1  and are positioned spaced from each other in the second direction DR 2 . The data lines DL 1  to DLm extend from the data driving circuit  200  in the second direction DR 2  and are arranged to be spaced from each other in the first direction DR 1 . 
     The plurality of pixels PX are electrically connected to the first scan lines SCL 1  to SCLn, the second scan lines SSL 1  to SSLn, and the data lines DL 1  to DLm. For example, the first row of pixels may be connected to the first scan lines SCL 1  and the second scan line SSL 1 . Moreover, the second row of pixels may be connected to the first scan lines SCL 2  and the second scan line SSL 2 . 
     Each of the plurality of pixels PX includes a light emitting element ED and a pixel circuit unit PXC (e.g., as described in more detail herein, for example, with reference to  FIG.  4   ) for controlling the light emission of the light emitting element ED. The pixel circuit unit PXC may include a plurality of transistors and a capacitor. The scan driving circuit  300  may include transistors formed through the same process as the pixel circuit unit PXC. In some examples, the light emitting element ED may be an organic light emitting diode. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. 
     Each of the plurality of dummy pixels DPX may include the same circuit configuration as the pixels PX. The plurality of dummy pixels DPX are electrically connected to the dummy scan lines DCL and DSL and the data lines DL 1  to DLm. 
     Although not shown in the drawing, the plurality of pixels PX may receive a plurality of driving voltages, respectively. The plurality of dummy pixels DPX may receive a plurality of driving voltages, respectively. 
     The scan driving circuit  300  receives the scan control signal SCS from the driving controller  100 . In response to the scan control signal SCS, the scan driving circuit  300  may output first scan signals to the first scan lines SCL 1  to SCLn and may output second scan signals to the second scan lines SSL 1  to SSLn. 
     In some examples, the scan driving circuit  300  is disposed on the first side of the display area DA, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some examples, the scan driving circuit  300  may be disposed on the first side and the second side of the display area DA. For example, the scan driving circuit disposed on the first side of the display area DA may provide the first scan signals to the first scan lines SCL 1  to SCLn. The scan driving circuit disposed on the second side of the display area DA may provide the second scan signals to the second scan lines SSL 1  to SSLn. 
     Characteristics of a pixel may change for various reasons, for example, such as extended use, location of a pixel, etc. For example, different pixels may have different stress levels (e.g., or different degrees of deterioration) depending on pixel locations in a display panel, frequency of pixel usage, etc. 
     As used herein, compensating for a characteristic change may generally refer to various techniques for reducing (e.g., or reversing) effects (e.g., display effects, pixel driving effects, etc.) arising from a characteristic change. For example, compensating for a characteristic change of a pixel may refer to adjusting an input image signal RGB to be applied to the pixel to account for the characteristic change of a pixel. For instance, a characteristic change of a pixel (e.g., based on extended use of the pixel, etc.) may be compensated for by modifying various signals according to the techniques described herein. As one example, compensating for a characteristic change of a pixel may include converting a grayscale level of a driving image signal for a pixel depending on a location of the pixel. 
     Generally, a characteristic change of a pixel may refer to any change to any characteristic of a pixel, any change to any characteristic of a transistor of a pixel, any change to any characteristic of a light emitting element of a pixel, etc. For example, characteristic changes may include chemical characteristic changes of any element of a pixel, conductivity characteristic changes of any element of a pixel, insulation characteristic changes of any element of a pixel, resistivity characteristic changes of any element of a pixel, etc. Characteristic changes of a pixel may include characteristic changes of pixel transistors, characteristic changes of transistor gate electrodes, characteristic changes of transistor terminals (e.g., transistor body terminals, transistor source terminals, transistor drain terminals, etc.), characteristic changes of pixel light emitting elements, etc. In some cases, characteristic change of a pixel may include characteristic changes of, or based on, nodes or voltage lines associated with a pixel. 
     In some examples, the driving controller  100  may convert the input image signal RGB to the output image signal DS in response to a sensing signal SS provided from the dummy pixels DPX of the display panel DP. 
       FIG.  3    shows that the dummy pixels DPX are positioned at a lower side of the display panel DP, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The dummy pixels DPX may be arranged in various shapes within the inactive area NAA of the display panel DP. 
       FIG.  4    is a circuit diagram of a pixel, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
       FIG.  4    illustrates an equivalent circuit diagram of a pixel PXij connected to an i-th data line DLi among the data lines DL 1  to DLm, a j-th first scan line SCLj among the first scan lines SCL 1  to SCLn, and a j-th second scan line SSLj among the second scan lines SSL 1  to SSLn, which are illustrated in  FIG.  1   . 
     Each of the plurality of pixels PX shown in  FIG.  3    may have the same circuit configuration as the pixel PXij shown in  FIG.  4   . In some examples, the pixel PXij includes the at least one light emitting element ED and the pixel circuit unit PXC. 
     The pixel circuit unit PXC may include at least one transistor, which is electrically connected to the light emitting element ED and which is used to provide a current corresponding to the data signal Di delivered from the data line DLi to the light emitting element ED. In some examples, the pixel circuit unit PXC of the pixel PXij includes a first transistor T 1 , a second transistor T 2 , a third transistor T 3 , and a capacitor Cst. Each of the first to third transistors T 1  to T 3  is an N-type transistor by using an oxide semiconductor as a semiconductor layer. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, each of the first to third transistors T 1  to T 3  may be a P-type transistor having a low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) semiconductor layer. In some examples, at least one of the first to third transistors T 1  to T 3  may be an N-type transistor and the rest may be P-type transistors. Moreover, the circuit configuration of a pixel according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is not limited to  FIG.  4    (e.g., various other configurations are possible by analogy, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure). The pixel circuit unit PXC illustrated in  FIG.  4    is only one example, and the configuration of the pixel circuit unit PXC may be modified and carried out. 
     Referring to  FIG.  4   , the first scan line SCLj may deliver the first scan signal SCj. The second scan line SSLj may deliver the second scan signal SSj. The data line DLi delivers a data signal Di. The data signal Di may have a voltage level corresponding to the input image signal RGB that is input to the display device DD (e.g., as described in more detail herein, for example, with reference to  FIG.  1   ). 
     In some embodiments, a first driving voltage ELVDD and an initialization voltage VINT is delivered to the pixel circuit unit PXC through the first voltage line VL 1  and the third voltage line VL 3 . A second driving voltage ELVSS may be delivered to a cathode (or a second terminal) of the light emitting element ED through the second voltage line VL 2 . 
     The first transistor T 1  includes a first electrode connected to the first voltage line VL 1 , a second electrode electrically connected to an anode (or a first terminal) of the light emitting element ED, and a gate electrode connected to one end of the capacitor Cst. The first transistor T 1  may supply a driving current to the light emitting element ED in response to the data signal Di delivered through the data line DLi depending on a switching operation of the second transistor T 2 . 
     The second transistor T 2  includes a first electrode connected to the data line DLi, a second electrode connected to the gate electrode of the first transistor T 1 , and a gate electrode connected to the first scan line SCLj. The second transistor T 2  may be turned on depending on a first scan signal SCj received through the first scan line SCLj so as to deliver the data signal Di delivered through the data line DLi to the gate electrode of the first transistor T 1 . 
     The third transistor T 3  includes a first electrode connected to the third voltage line VL 3 , a second electrode connected to the anode of the light emitting element ED, and a gate electrode connected to the second scan line SSLj. The third transistor T 3  may be turned on depending on a second scan signal SSj received through the second scan line SSLj so as to deliver the initialization voltage VINT to the anode of the light emitting element ED. 
     As described above, one end of the capacitor Cst is connected to the gate electrode of the first transistor T 1 , and the other end of the capacitor Cst is connected to the second electrode of the first transistor T 1 . The structure of the pixel PXij is not limited to one or more aspects illustrated in  FIG.  4   . The number of transistors included in the pixel PXij, the number of capacitors, and the connection relationship may be modified in various manners by analogy, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. 
       FIG.  5    is a circuit diagram of a dummy pixel, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
     A dummy pixel DPXi shown in  FIG.  5    is an equivalent circuit diagram of the pixel DPXi connected to the i-th the data line DLi among the data lines DL 1  to DLm and the dummy scan lines DCL and DSL, which are shown in  FIG.  3   . 
     The dummy pixel DPXi shown in  FIG.  5    is similar to the pixel PXij shown in  FIG.  4   , and thus additional descriptions are omitted to avoid redundancy. 
     In some embodiments, the dummy pixel DPXi is turned on when a dummy scan signal DSS received through the dummy scan line DSL is at a high level so as to deliver a current at an anode (i.e., a sensing node Ns) of the light emitting element ED to the sensing line SLj. A sensing signal SSi output through the sensing line SLj may be provided to the driving controller  100  illustrated in  FIG.  3   . 
     In some examples, the dummy pixel DPXi shown in  FIG.  5    is similar to the pixel PXij shown in  FIG.  4   , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The dummy pixel DPXi may include a circuit configuration different from that of the pixel PXij. 
       FIG.  6    is a diagram illustrating a voltage-current characteristic of a first transistor shown in  FIG.  4   . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  4  and  6   , in the first transistor T 1 , a current Id flowing from the second electrode to the first electrode may be changed depending on a voltage Vgs between the gate electrode and the first electrode. 
     At an initial time, a voltage-current characteristic of the first transistor T 1  may be a first curve L 1 . However, when an operating time of the first transistor T 1  increases (e.g., when the operating time is not less than  1000  hours), the voltage-current characteristic of the first transistor T 1  may be changed to a second curve L 2 . In detail, when the first transistor T 1  is an N-type transistor by using an oxide semiconductor as a semiconductor layer, a change in the voltage-current characteristic of the first transistor T 1  may increase. 
     When the voltage-current characteristic of the first transistor T 1  is changed, even though the same data signal Di is delivered to the gate electrode of the first transistor T 1 , the amount of current flowing through the light emitting element ED may be changed. In this case, the display quality may be deteriorated. 
       FIG.  7    is a schematic diagram of a driving controller, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  3  and  7   , the driving controller  100  includes an image processor  110  and a control signal generator  120 . 
     The image processor  110  outputs the output image signal DS in response to the input image signal RGB and the control signal CTRL. In some examples, the image processor  110  may change a grayscale level of the output image signal DS in response to the sensing signal SS from the dummy pixels DPX. 
     In some aspects, image processor  110  may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general-purpose processing component, a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the image processor  110  may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, a memory controller is integrated into the image processor  110 . In some cases, the image processor  110  is configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory to perform various functions. In some embodiments, the image processor  110  includes special purpose components for image processing, digital signal processing, etc. 
     The control signal generator  120  outputs the data control signal DCS and the scan control signal SCS in response to the input image signal RGB and the control signal CTRL. 
       FIG.  8    is a schematic diagram illustrating an example configuration of an image processor in a driving controller, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  3  and  8   , the image processor  110  includes a first compensator  111 , a first lookup table  112 , a sensing compensator  113 , a first accumulator  114 , a second lookup table  115 , a second accumulator  116 , a second compensator  117 , and an adder  118 . 
     In some examples, the first compensator  111 , the first lookup table  112 , the sensing compensator  113 , the first accumulator  114 , and the second lookup table  115  are included in a first compensation block for compensating for a characteristic change of a transistor (e.g., the first transistor T 1  shown in  FIG.  4   ) in the pixel PX. 
     The first lookup table  112  stores a compensation value corresponding to an operating time of the pixel PX. Generally, a compensation value may include a time value (e.g., a value indicating the operating time of a pixel/dummy pixel), a current value (e.g., a value corresponding to a current compensation for a pixel/dummy pixel), a grayscale value (e.g., a value corresponding to a grayscale compensation for a pixel/dummy pixel), etc. 
     In some examples, a lookup table may include, or refer to, an organized collection of data (e.g., compensation values). For example, a lookup table may store data (e.g., compensation values) in a specified format or schema. In some cases, a lookup table may include, or refer to, certain memory in a device, a database, etc. 
     The first accumulator  114  accumulates the output image signal DS and outputs a first accumulation signal A_TFT. The first accumulation signal A_TFT may correspond to a stress level of a transistor in the pixel PX according to the operating time and the grayscale level of the pixel PX. 
     The first compensator  111  outputs a first compensation signal G_TFT corresponding to the input image signal RGB and the first accumulation signal A_TFT from the first accumulator  114  with reference to a compensation value LUT 1  of the first lookup table  112 . 
     The sensing compensator  113  outputs a correction value LUT_C for correcting the compensation value of the first lookup table  112  based on the sensing signal SS from the dummy pixel DPX. 
     The second lookup table  115  stores a correction value according to a location of the pixel PX in the display panel (e.g., in other words, a location in the display panel DP corresponding to the pixel PX). The first accumulator  114  may output the first accumulation signal A_TFT corresponding to the output image signal DS with reference to a correction value LUT 2  stored in the second lookup table  115 . 
     In some embodiments, the second accumulator  116  and the second compensator  117  are included in a second compensation block for compensating for a characteristic change of a light emitting element (e.g., the light emitting element ED shown in  FIG.  4   ) in the pixel PX. 
     The second accumulator  116  accumulates the output image signal DS and outputs a second accumulation signal A_OLED. The second accumulation signal A_OLED may correspond to a stress level of a light emitting element in the pixel PX according to an operating time and a grayscale level of the pixel PX. 
     The second compensator  117  outputs a second compensation signal G_OLED corresponding to the input image signal RGB and the second accumulation signal A_OLED from the second accumulator  116 . 
     The adder  118  outputs the output image signal DS by adding the input image signal RGB, the first compensation signal G_TFT and the second compensation signal G_OLED. 
     In some examples, the adder  118  may output the output image signal DS by adding only the input image signal RGB and the first compensation signal G_TFT. In some examples, the adder  118  may output the output image signal DS by adding only the input image signal RGB and the second compensation signal G_OLED. 
       FIG.  9    is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of the sensing compensator  113 , according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG.  9   , the sensing compensator  113  includes a compensation grayscale calculator  201 , a sensing accumulator  202 , a reference value storage  203 , and a compensation value calculator  204 . 
       FIG.  10    is a diagram for describing an operation of the compensation grayscale calculator  201  shown in  FIG.  9   . 
       FIG.  10    shows a relationship between a current at the sensing node Ns and a grayscale level of the data signal Di provided to the gate electrode of the first transistor T 1  in the pixel PXij shown in  FIG.  4   . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  4 ,  9 , and  10   , a grayscale level-current characteristic of the first transistor T 1  may be a first curve L 11 . However, when an operating time of the first transistor T 1  increases (e.g., when the operating time is not less than 1000 hours), the grayscale level-current characteristic of the first transistor T 1  may be changed to a second curve L 12 . 
     The compensation grayscale calculator  201  compares a current according to the grayscale level-current characteristic of the first transistor T 1  corresponding to the first curve L 11  stored in a memory (not shown) with a current level of the sensing signal SS received from the dummy pixel DPX. For example, when the grayscale level of the data signal Di initially provided to the gate electrode of the first transistor T 1  is Gk, a current at the sensing node Ns may be I_Gk. At this time, when the current level of the sensing signal SS is not I_Gk, the compensation grayscale calculator  201  searches for a compensation grayscale G_C corresponding to the current I_Gk. 
     In some examples, the driving controller  100  may sequentially provide the dummy pixel DPX with the data signal Di corresponding to all grayscale levels (e.g., grayscale level  0  to grayscale level  255 ), may receive the sensing signal SS, and may obtain information about the second curve L 12 . 
     In some examples, the driving controller  100  may sequentially provide the dummy pixel DPX with the data signal Di corresponding to representative grayscale levels that are some of all grayscale levels, may receive the sensing signal SS, and may obtain information about the second curve L 12 . A current for a grayscale level other than a representative grayscale levels may be obtained through interpolation calculations. 
     The compensation grayscale calculator  201  calculates the compensation grayscale G_C for the grayscale level Gk by using the first curve L 11  and the second curve L 12 . 
     Returning to  FIG.  9   , the sensing accumulator  202  may count the operating time of the dummy pixel DPX by accumulating the sensing signal SS. The sensing accumulator  202  outputs operating time information AGE corresponding to the operating time of the dummy pixel DPX. The operating time information AGE may be stored in a memory (not shown). 
     Examples of memory or storage may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), or a hard disk. Examples of memory devices or storage devices include solid state memory and a hard disk drive. In some examples, memory or storage is used to store computer-readable, computer-executable software including instructions that, when executed, cause a processor to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, the memory contains, among other things, a basic input/output system (BIOS) which controls basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some cases, a memory controller operates memory cells. For example, the memory controller can include a row decoder, column decoder, or both. In some cases, memory cells within a memory store information in the form of a logical state. 
     In some cases, software may include code to implement one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Software may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other memory. In some cases, the software may not be directly executable by the processor but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. 
     The reference value storage  203  outputs a compensation reference value G_REF corresponding to the operating time information AGE. The compensation reference value 
     G_REF is a value predicted in advance depending on the operating time of the dummy pixel DPX. 
     The compensation value calculator  204  calculates a difference value between the compensation grayscale G_C and the compensation reference value G_REF and outputs a correction value LUT_C corresponding to the difference value. 
       FIG.  11    is a diagram for describing an operation of the compensation value calculator shown in  FIG.  9   . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  9  and  11   , the reference value storage  203  outputs the compensation reference value G_REF predicted in advance depending on the operating time information AGE of the dummy pixel DPX. 
     In some embodiments, the compensation grayscale G_C calculated by using the sensing signal SS is different from the compensation reference value G_REF predicted in advance. 
     The compensation value calculator  204  outputs the correction value LUT_C corresponding to a difference AG between the compensation grayscale G_C and the compensation reference value G_REF. 
     In some embodiments, the correction value LUT_C from the compensation value calculator  204  is stored in the first lookup table  112  illustrated in  FIG.  8   . 
     The first lookup table  112  stores a compensation value corresponding to an operating time of the pixel PX. However, because the compensation value stored in the first lookup table  112  is a predicted value, a compensation value required for an actual characteristic change according to the operating time of the first transistor Ti in the pixel PX may be different from the compensation value stored in the first lookup table  112 . 
     The sensing compensator  113  calculates the correction value LUT_C based on the sensing signal SS received from the dummy pixel DPX and corrects the compensation value stored in the first lookup table  112 . 
       FIG.  12    shows the first lookup table  112 . 
     The first lookup table  112  shown in  FIG.  12    stores a compensation value corresponding to the input image signal RGB and the first accumulation signal A_TFT. 
       FIG.  12    illustrates the compensation values corresponding to the input image signal RGB such as 0, 128, 256, 384, 512, 640, 768, 896, . . . , 8064 and the first accumulation signal A_TFT such as 0, 16, 32, 64, 128, . . . , 1024. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. A range of each of the input image signal RGB and the first accumulation signal A_TFT may be variously changed. In particular, the first accumulation signal A_TFT is obtained by converting a value from accumulating the operating time and grayscale level of the first transistor T 1  into a value between 0 and 1024. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  8  and  12   , the first compensator  111  may output the first compensation signal G_TFT corresponding to the input image signal RGB and the first accumulation signal A_TFT from the first accumulator  114  with reference to the first lookup table  112 . For example, the first compensation signal G_TFT may correspond to (e.g., be generated based on) the input image signal RGB and the first accumulation signal A_TFT, while taking into account a compensation value stored in the first lookup table  112 . For instance, the first compensation signal G_TFT may be generated based on the input image signal RGB and the first accumulation signal A_TFT, where the generated signal may be adjusted based on a compensation value stored in the first lookup table  112  prior to being output by the first compensator  111  as the first compensation signal G_TFT. 
     For example, when the input image signal RGB is 256 and the first accumulation signal A_TFT from the first accumulator  114  is 64, the first compensator  111  reads out  339  of the first lookup table  112  as the compensation value LUT 1 . 
     When the input image signal RGB is 256 and the first accumulation signal A_TFT from the first accumulator  114  is 64, the compensation value of 339 may be a value predicted in advance. 
     In some embodiments, the compensation value stored in the first lookup table  112  is updated by the sensing compensator  113 . The compensation value of the first lookup table  112  may be corrected by reflecting the deterioration characteristics of the dummy pixel DPX similar to the actual deterioration characteristics of the pixel PX, thereby improving the degradation compensation characteristic of the image processor  110 . 
       FIG.  13    is a diagram for describing an operation of the second compensator  117  shown in  FIG.  8   . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  8  and  13   , the second compensator  117  outputs a second compensation signal G_OLED corresponding to the input image signal RGB and the second accumulation signal A_OLED from the second accumulator  116 . 
     At an initial time, the grayscale level-emission efficiency characteristic of the light emitting element ED shown in  FIG.  4    may be a first curve L 21 . however, when the operating time of the light emitting element ED increases (e.g., when the operating time is not less than 1000 hours), the grayscale level-emission efficiency characteristic of the light emitting element ED may be changed to a second curve L 22 . 
     The second compensator  117  calculates an initial efficiency E 1  corresponding to the grayscale level Gk of the input image signal RGB and calculates a compensation grayscale level G_O corresponding to the initial efficiency E 1 . The second compensator  117  outputs the second compensation signal G_OLED corresponding to a difference between the grayscale level Gk of the input image signal RGB and the compensation grayscale level G_O. 
       FIG.  14    is a diagram for describing an operation of the first accumulator  114  shown in  FIG.  8   . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  8  and  14   , the first accumulator  114  may output the first accumulation signal A_TFT corresponding to the output image signal DS with reference to the correction value LUT 2  stored in the second lookup table  115 . 
     The second lookup table  115  may store a correction value according to the grayscale level-voltage characteristic of the pixel PX. The curve L 31  shown in  FIG.  14    is an example of the grayscale level-voltage characteristic of the pixel PX. 
     When the output image signal DS is gray scale level Gk, the first accumulator  114  may read out the grayscale level Gk′ corresponding to voltage V 1  as the correction value LUT 2 . 
     The pixels PX shown in  FIG.  3    may have different stress levels (or the degree of deterioration) depending on locations in the display panel DP. The first accumulator  114  may receive the grayscale level Gk′, to which a stress level is reflected and which is obtained by converting the grayscale level Gk of the output image signal DS, depending on a location of the pixel PX to which the output image signal DS will be provided. Accordingly, the image correction performance of the image processor  110  may be improved. 
       FIG.  15    is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of an image processor in a driving controller, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG.  15   , an image processor  310  includes a first compensator  311 , a first lookup table  312 , a sensing compensator  313 , a first accumulator  314 , a second lookup table  315 , a second accumulator  316 , a second compensator  317 , and an adder  318 . 
     In some embodiments, the first compensator  311 , the first lookup table  312 , the sensing compensator  313 , the first accumulator  314 , and the second lookup table  315  are included in a first compensation block for compensating for a characteristic change of a transistor (e.g., the first transistor T 1  shown in  FIG.  4   ) in the pixel PX. 
     In some embodiments, the second accumulator  316  and the second compensator  317  are included in a second compensation block for compensating for a characteristic change of a light emitting element (e.g., the light emitting element ED shown in  FIG.  4   ) in the pixel PX. 
     Among the components in the image processor  310  illustrated in  FIG.  15   , descriptions of components similar to those in the image processor  310  illustrated in  FIG.  8    will be omitted to avoid redundancy. 
     The first compensator  311  receives the second accumulation signal A_OLED from the second accumulator  316 . 
     The first compensator  311  may output the first compensation signal G_TFT corresponding to the input image signal RGB, the first accumulation signal A_TFT from the first accumulator  314 , and the second accumulation signal A_OLED from the second accumulator  316  with reference to the first lookup table  312 . 
       FIG.  16    illustrates a voltage correction coefficient Ving according to the second accumulation signal A_OLED. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  15  and  16   , the first compensator  311  calculates a voltage correction coefficient Ving according to the second accumulation signal A_OLED. A voltage correction coefficient Ving according to the second accumulation signal A_OLED may be a preset value. 
     For example, when the second accumulation signal A_OLED is Ac, the voltage correction coefficient Ving may be Vc. In an example shown in  FIG.  16   , as the second accumulation signal A_OLED increases (i.e., as the operating time of the light emitting element ED increases), the voltage correction coefficient Ving increases. 
       FIG.  17    illustrates a grayscale level-current conversion characteristic of the input image signal RGB of the first compensator  311  according to the voltage correction coefficient Ving. 
     When the voltage correction coefficient Ving is a first value, a first curve L 41  shown in  FIG.  17    indicates a grayscale level-current conversion characteristic of the input image signal RGB of the first compensator  311 . A second curve L 42  indicates a grayscale level-current conversion characteristic of the input image signal RGB of the first compensator  311  when the voltage correction coefficient Ving has a second value. In some examples, the first value of the voltage correction coefficient Ving may be 0; and the second value of the voltage correction coefficient Ving may be 0.2. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  15 ,  16 , and  17   , when the voltage correction coefficient Ving is the first value and the grayscale level of the input image signal RGB is Gk, the first compensator  311  may output the first compensation signal G_TFT such that a current T provided to the light emitting element ED becomes I_Ving. 
     In some embodiments, the first compensator  311  outputs the first compensation signal G_TFT by reading out the compensation value LUT 1  corresponding to the grayscale level of the input image signal RGB from the first lookup table  312 . 
     When the voltage correction coefficient Ving is the second value and the grayscale level of the input image signal RGB is Gk, the first compensator  311  may convert the grayscale level of the input image signal RGB to G_Ving such that the current (I) provided to the light emitting element ED becomes I_Ving, and may output the first compensation signal G_TFT corresponding to the grayscale level G_Ving. 
     In other words, the first compensator  311  may output the first compensation signal G_TFT by reading out the compensation value LUT 1  corresponding to the grayscale level G_Ving from the first lookup table  312 . 
     The first curve L 41  and the second curve L 42  are shown in  FIG.  17   . However, there may be various grayscale level-current conversion characteristics of the input image signal RGB depending on the value of the voltage correction coefficient Ving. 
     Although described above with reference to various examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made in the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as set forth in the claims below. Furthermore, embodiments of the present disclosure are not intended to limit the technical spirit of the present disclosure. All technical spirits within the scope of the following claims and all equivalents thereof should be construed as being included within the scope of the present disclosure. 
     A display device having such a configuration may compensate for a change in characteristics of a light emitting element and a transistor in a pixel. 
     In detail, a driving circuit may update a lookup table that stores a compensation value corresponding to a characteristic change of a transistor depending on a sensing signal received from a dummy pixel. Accordingly, a compensation signal may be generated depending on an actual characteristic change of the transistor in the pixel. 
     While the present disclosure has been described with reference to embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as set forth in the following claims.