Patent Publication Number: US-5023770-A

Title: High-speed press control system

Description:
DESCRIPTION 
     1. Reference to Related Applications 
     This application is related to applications filed concurrently herewith, entitled &#34;Network Communications System&#34; Ser. No. 07/179,969, filed Apr. 11, 1988; &#34;Ladder Sequence Controller&#34; Ser. No. 07/180,093, filed Apr. 11, 1988; &#34;Peer-To-Peer Register Exchange Controller for PLCs&#34; Ser. No. 07/179,674, filed Apr. 11, 1988, U.S. Pat. No. 4,897,777, issued Jan. 30, 1990; and, &#34;Network Interface Board System&#34; Ser. No. 07/179,756, filed Apr. 11, 1988. The contents of these applications are incorporated herein by reference. 
     2. Technical Field 
     This invention relates generally to programmable logic controllers that control the operation of machine tools, and in particular this invention relates to a programmable logic controller containing instructions for controlling a high-speed punch press including material supply and removal. 
     3. Background Prior Art 
     Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) that control the operation of a punch press comprise a microprocessor-based controller that includes a microprocessor, memory and instructions contained in the memory for sensing the condition of the various parts of the punch press and affecting timed opening and closing of switches and valves for proper operation of the punch press. 
     Punch presses are often required to operate with auxiliary functions, such as feeders, lifters, extractors, etc. Automation valve solenoids are required to operate at specific positions of each press stroke. Each automation valve solenoid must be capable of being turned ON and OFF at programmable slide positions (with or without an adjustable time delay) or based on remote contact status (again with or without a time delay). Since these operations may have to occur within a degree of the programmed setpoint, scan and I/O update time are critical. 
     PLCs have operated according to rung ladder diagrams that substantially emulate the older relay logic previously used to control punch press operations. In the prior art, the fastest that a punch press could be operated would be substantially 30 strokes per minute in conjunction with turning on and off approximately 8 valves or switches. This substantially inhibits high-speed punch press operation where the punch press itself could operate at more than twice that speed. Speeding up the cycle time of the microprocessor in the PLC achieves some increase in speed in operating the punch press, but fails to achieve the necessary punch press operational speed. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with the invention, a programmable logic controller (PLC) of the invention achieves a punch press operation of substantially 120 strokes per minute with operation of a maximum of 64 valves or switches. The invention substantially multiplies the punch press speed through a particular sequence of microprocessor instructions that operates at multiples of 2.5 milliseconds. 
     As the specified number of strokes a press is called upon to execute per minute keep increasing, these speed requirements necessitate the development of a new approach. The most viable means of achieving the desired speed is to incorporate the automation algorithm itself in the executive software of the scan processor. When enabled, this algorithm can be executed as part of the control processor&#39;s regular 2.5 ms interrupt. Necessary set-up parameters, such as position, time and remote contact status, can be passed to the image memory of the processor by establishing a function block of registers in which the location of this information is specified by the user. The start of such a function block is established by enabling a SPECIAL LET statement in the user program. Output (valve) bits will be turned ON or OFF in the real world each time the algorithm is executed by the scan processor, effectively providing the PLC with the ability to monitor and react to press position every 2.5 ms. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a block diagram indicating a punch press and material handling system controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC) of the invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a circle diagram illustrating some of the timing involved in the programmable logic controller of the invention; 
     FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the press, algorithm function block structure; and, 
     FIGS. 4A and 4B show a flow chart of an, sub-algorithm flow diagram. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     FIG. 1 shows a high-speed punch press 11 of the type which is controlled by the control system 12 of the invention. As will be readily appreciated, punch press 11 requires a multitude of controlled valve closures and openings, limit switches actuations, etc. to perform required functions. Further, these myriad of operations must be done quickly and precisely, and often in very rapid sequence. The control system 12 of the invention provides a punch press control having a particular microprocessor instructional operation of a special timed interrupt algorithm to achieve press operation of substantially 120 strokes per minute with a maximum of 64 valves or switches. 
     FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the inventive control system 12 including a press algorithm 10 for controlling a high-speed press. The system 12 includes a control processor 14. Control processor 14, which may be of suitable known design, provides management functions for the system and coordinates the operation of all the components of system 12. 
     System 12 includes an executive memory 16 (which may be part of the control processor 14) and executive memory 16 includes the press algorithm 10. System 12 further includes a compiled user memory 18, a bus interface 22 and an image memory 24. The information to and from the system bus 25 is provided through bus interface 22. The system 12 also includes scan processor 28, to be described. 
     As mentioned, control processor 14 either performs or coordinates all processor system 12 operations. This includes performing all communication via a systems bus 25, and handling all interrupts and error conditions from the scan processor, communications interface network bus, and the remainder of the programmable controller system. 
     Compiled user memory 18 comprises a RAM and in operation contains a compiled version of the user program and press algorithm to serve as executable instructions for the scan processor. The compiled user memory 18 is randomly accessible by the control processor 14 for purposes of loading and editing user programs. The scan processor 28 accesses the compiled user memory 18 as an executive memory of successive instructions. The image memory 24 receives the input data from the control processor 14 and stores it for access by the scan processor 28. 
     As mentioned, the press algorithm 10 is included in the executive memory 16. On power-up, the algorithm 10 is transferred from the executive memory 16 to the compiled user memory 18. 
     FIG. 1 also indicates the high-speed punch press 11 and is connected through suitable input and output ports 30 and 31 to the network bus. The press 11 provides control and position input information to the control processor 14 through bus 25 and, as will be explained, control processor 14 provides control information to the press 11. 
     As will be explained in detail and as indicated in FIG. 4, the press control, algorithm 10 is executed by the PLC when it is interrupted after a specified amount of time and the PLC responds to specified inputs and control specified outputs and then return to the task that were interrupted. This interrupt method can be useful in applications where outputs need to respond to BCD data or digital inputs being sampled within a particular time limit or where input pulses need to be stretched to permit recognition during normal scan time of program. 
     The algorithm 10 (enabled such as by special LET instruction 200) consists of up to 64 executions of the sub-algorithm to control four consecutive output registers (64 outputs) from 8 consecutive input registers (128 inputs) or one BCD register, see FIG. 4 (special LET instructions 201 disables the interrupt algorithm). 
     Each of the executions of the sub-algorithm consist of a basic retentive ON/OFF (start/stop) function where outputs can be delayed either ON, OFF or both. TURN ON or TURN OFF selectibility is as follows: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Definition    Turn On        Remarks                                      
______________________________________                                    
On REM        Digital input/ Output                                       
              internal       command on                                   
                             0-1                                          
                             Transition                                   
                             of &#34;ON                                       
Remote&#34;                                                                   
ON Position   BCD On-Off     Output                                       
              Setpoints      command on                                   
                             0-1                                          
                             Transition                                   
                             of &#34;CAM&#34;                                     
                             created by                                   
                             on-off                                       
                             setpoints                                    
                             compared                                     
                             with BCD                                     
                             input                                        
ON Tim        Either of above                                             
                             Delay turn                                   
              plus Time Delay                                             
                             on of                                        
                             output                                       
Off REM       Digital input/ Sets                                         
              internal       command to                                   
                             turn off                                     
Off Pos       BCD On-Off     Sets                                         
              setpoints      command to                                   
                             turn off                                     
                             when cam                                     
                             created by                                   
                             on-off                                       
                             setpoints                                    
                             is not                                       
                             present                                      
Off Tim       Either of above                                             
                             Delay                                        
              plus Time Delay                                             
                             turn off                                     
              or time delay  of output                                    
              after turn on                                               
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     The interrupt algorithm performs immediate I/O updates on specific BCD input and digital I/O every interrupt. A consecutive block of registers must be assigned to the algorithm with the start register selected in special instruction 200. The length of the block is in multiples of 15×number of executions of sub-algorithm. 
     The ladder program structure for enabling and disabling the press algorithm is as follows: ##STR1## where (Z)--enables Interrupt Algorithms when closed and algorithm previously disabled. Remaining closed or opening has no effect. 
     (A)--Status register--any unused register used only with associated Enable/Disable Rungs. Bit 18 will come on if incorrect number of parameter programmed. 
     (B)--1st register of block of parameter registers assigned to algorithm. 
     (C)--Position input register. 
     (D)--1st register of 8 consecutive input registers. 
     (E)--1st register of 4 consecutive output registers separate from input registers. 
     (F)--No. of executions of sub-algorithms used. 
     (G)--Interrupt rate--multiples of 2.5 MS, (1×2.5 MS, 2×5 MS etc. 
     Note: Algorithm requires that 13 separate registers be assigned for I/O, one for position input, 8 input registers and 4 output registers. ##STR2## (X)--Disables algorithm Enable Rung when closed and algorithm previously enabled. 
     (A)--Status register used in Enable Rung. 
     ENABLING AND DISABLING INTERRUPT 
     To enable the interrupt, a let statement with special instruction 200 and 5 parameters must be programmed. The let statement may be programmed and operates as standard except the parameters are stored when first enabled and opening the rung will not disable the interrupt. The interrupt will be activated on 2nd scan of rung (1st scan being dummy scan). Disabling the interrupt occurs when the processor goes to halt or a special instruction 201 let statement is programmed and enabled. Control register 8176 bit 25 is on when interrupt operating while bit 26 comes on after 1st interrupt is complete. 
     CHANGING PARAMETERS OF INTERRUPT ENABLE RING 
     As indicated above, the parameters of the special instruction 200 let rung are stored when first enabled. The parameters may be program-changed while the interrupt is operating but the interrupt will continue to run on the old parameters. The new parameters will take effect only after the interrupt is disabled and reenabled. 
     INTERRUPT ACTION 
     When the interrupt occurs due to an internal clock and repetitive rate programmed in enabling let statement, the processor interrupts the task being performed. The processor does an immediate input update on the position register and eight (8) consecutive digital registers (inputs). 
     Using the algorithm control parameters blocks of registers, the sub-algorithm is executed with the output image table updated if required as directed by output pointers and masks. The status of the sub-algorithm is reflected in the &#34;Work&#34; register of the block. This register is retentive and only changed by program control. 
     After all sub-algorithms requested have been executed, an immediate output update is performed from the four (4) consecutive registers defined as outputs. 
     INTERRUPT TIME 
     The length of the Interrupt takes time away from processing the ladder program and therefore the interrupt rate parameter, which is a multiple of the 2.5 MS interrupt interval, should be as high as possible. This is necessary to allow time between interrupts to process ladder program and communication. 
     SUB-ALGORITHM CONTROL PARAMETER REGISTERS 
     (Register Block Allocation) 
     The first thirteen registers of each group is used to provide operation data to the algorithm while the last 2 provide output or status. Note: The D prefix on following block of 15 register indicates relative order within block--not actual register number. Each register contains 16 bits. 
     Each of the registers D1-D7 will now be described starting with register D1. 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Register    Definition  Description                                       
______________________________________                                    
D1          Control     Selection of type of                              
                        operation desired                                 
                        Bit                                               
            On Pos      (1) Turn on with                                  
                        position-priority 4                               
            On Rem      (2) Turn on with                                  
                        input-priority 5                                  
            On Time     (3) Delay turn on                                 
                        (4) Not used                                      
            Off Poss    (5) Turn off with                                 
                        position-priority 1                               
            Off Rem     (6) Turn Off with                                 
                        input-priority 2                                  
            Off Time    (7) Delay Turn Off-                               
                        priority 3                                        
                        (8) Not used                                      
            Off Rem                                                       
            invert      (9) Invert Turn off                               
                        input                                             
                        0-normal input=0 to                               
                        turn off                                          
                        1-invert input=1 to                               
                        turn off                                          
                        (10) not used                                     
                        (11) not used                                     
            Skip                                                          
            output      (12) Hold output in                               
                        present state. Resets                             
                        register D14 Bit 9                                
            Reset       (13) Hold Time Delay                              
                        reset and output in                               
            Tim Dly     present state                                     
            Disable                                                       
            Output      (14) Force Output off.                            
                        Register D15 retains                              
                        state. Sub-algorithm                              
                        is active.                                        
            Skip        (15) Skip sub-                                    
                        algorithm. Resets                                 
            Functn      Register D15 Bit 9                                
                        while balance of D15                              
                        retain state. Sub-                                
                        algorithm state is                                
                        retained.                                         
            Exit        (16) Exit interrupt                               
                        Algorithm operation                               
                        until next interrupt.                             
            Algorm      All remaining sub-                                
                        algorithms retain last                            
                        state.                                            
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     A description of registers D2 through D14 is as follows: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Register    Def        Description                                        
______________________________________                                    
D2          On Pos.    Position on setpoint                               
                       with range 0-9999                                  
            S.P.                                                          
D3          On Rem     &#34;On Rem&#34; (Remote)                                  
register    Pointr     pointer-valid register                             
                       is any assigned                                    
                       internal register or                               
                       within Input Register                              
                       block of up to 8                                   
                       Register assigned in                               
                       Enable Algorithm Rung.                             
                       A zero in register                                 
                       defaults to &#34;ON REM&#34;                               
                       open (0) condition                                 
D4          On REM     &#34;On REM&#34; register                                  
            Mask       mask-points to                                     
                       specific or                                        
                       combination of input                               
                       bits required to be                                
                       all &#34;on&#34; (1) to                                    
                       satisfy the REM &#34;on&#34;                               
                       condition. If mask=0                               
                       the &#34;ON REM&#34; is                                    
                       considered to be open                              
                       or off (0)                                         
D5          Off Pos    Position off setpoint                              
            Sp         with range 0-9999                                  
D6          Off REM    Off Rem register                                   
            Pointer    pointer valid register                             
                       is same as for D3                                  
D7          Off REM    Off REM register mask                              
            Mask       points to specific or                              
                       combination of input                               
                       bits required to be                                
                       all one (1) [Normal]                               
                       or off (0) [inverted].                             
                       If not true or mask is                             
                       zero, command to turn                              
                       on is reset.                                       
D8          REM Eb1    REM enable register                                
                       pointer-must be valid                              
                       register Point same as                             
                       register D3. If zero,                              
                       Rem function is                                    
                       enabled.                                           
D9          REM Eb1    REM enable register                                
                       mask points to                                     
                       specific or                                        
                       combination of bits                                
                       required to be all on                              
                       (1). If not true,                                  
                       test of &#34;ON REM&#34; and                               
                       &#34;OFF REM&#34; is bypassed                              
                       and command (CMD)                                  
                       remains as is-on or                                
                       off. If zero, REM                                  
                       function is enabled.                               
D10         Output     Output register point-                             
            Point      valid register is any                              
                       assigned internal                                  
                       processor register or                              
                       within assigned output                             
                       register block in                                  
                       Enable Algorithm Rung.                             
                       A zero pointer causes                              
                       no output function.                                
D11         Output     Outpoint register mask                             
            Mask       points to specific or                              
                       several outputs to be                              
                       controlled from sub-                               
                       algorithm. If zero,                                
                       no output action takes                             
                       place.                                             
D12         On Tim     On Time Delay                                      
            Sp         Setpoint-zero to 32767                             
                       decimal in interrupt                               
                       rate parameter times                               
                       2.5 MSEC increments                                
                       per count. Delays, in                              
                       turn on of Internal                                
                       Output (OUT AUX).                                  
D13         Off Tim    Off Time Delay                                     
            Sp         Setpoint-same as (D12)                             
                       except delays Turn Off                             
                       of internal output                                 
                       (out aux)                                          
D14         Curtim     Current ON/OFF timer                               
                       count remaining status                             
D15         Work       Sub-algorithm status                               
                       register                                           
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     A definition of each of the 16 bits in the D15 status register is as follows: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Bit                                                                       
______________________________________                                    
CAM         (1) Cam on (1) or off (0)                                     
CAMT        (2) CAM on transitional. &#34;ON&#34; (1)                             
            For one interrupt on 0 to 1 change                            
            of cam (Bit 1)                                                
REM         (3) On Rem conditions determined by                           
            Rem Pointer and mask are true (1) or                          
            false (0)                                                     
REMT        (4) On Rem transitional. &#34;On&#34; (1)                             
            for one interrupt on 0 to 1 change                            
            of REM (Bit 3)                                                
CMD         (5) Command On (1) or Off (0) to                              
            internal output auxiliary (outaux)                            
            either directly or after time delay.                          
            Turned on(1) with either CAMT (Bit                            
            2) or REMT (Bit 4) and turned off                             
            (0) with either CAM off (BIT 1), OFF                          
            REM or delay as selected                                      
Off Tim     (6) Off timer enable is on (1) when                           
            timing or timed out and off (0) when                          
Enable      timers held reset (D1-13=1) or CMD                            
            is on.                                                        
On Tim      (7) On timer enable is on (1) when                            
            timing or timed out and off (0) when                          
Enable      timers held reset (D1-13=1) or CMD                            
            is off.                                                       
Outaux      (8) Output auxiliary follows the CMD                          
            (bit 5) plus delays if used. Its                              
            state is loaded into output(s) as                             
            directed by output pointer and mask                           
            unless skip outputs (D17-12) is                               
            ON(1) or 1st scan (D15-9) is off (0)                          
            or output disable (D1-14) is on (1).                          
1st scan    (9) 1st scan completed flag is                                
            turned ON when sum algorithm has                              
            been executed. Turned off (0) if                              
            sub-algorithm skipped (D1-15=1) or                            
            output skipped (D1-12=1). Causes                              
            output to be held in present state                            
            until second interrupt cycle after                            
            1st scan flag turned off (0)                                  
            (10-16) Not used.                                             
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     REGISTER CHANGES 
     There are two bits available in Control Register D1 to either freeze the state of the sub-algorithm (Bit 15) or freeze the state of the output only (Bit 12) while allowing the sub-algorithm to respond to conditions. After either of these bits have been enabled and then disabled, the sub-algorithm will be active or one interrupt without affecting output. The control of the output by the sub-algorithm is disabled until the status register D15 bit 9 (1st scan) is on. 
     SUB-ALGORITHM OPERATION 
     Refer to the flow diagram of FIGS. 4A and 4B to consider the sub-algorithm operation. The steps are as follows: 
     1. Determine if sub-algorithm is to be skipped from state of D1-15. Skip if &#34;on&#34;. 
     2. Determine if CAM (D15-1) created by ON and OFF position setpoints and position input is &#34;on&#34; or &#34;off&#34;. Also whether CAM is transitioning from Off to On (D15-2=1). 
     3. Determine if &#34;on remote&#34; input is &#34;on&#34; or &#34;off&#34; (D15-3) and whether transition from &#34;off&#34;  to &#34;on&#34; has occurred. (D15-4=1). Assumes &#34;on remote&#34; open if &#34;on remote&#34; pointers and/or mask is zero. Inputs may be any processor internal register bit. 
     4. Determine if command (D15-5) is &#34;on&#34; or &#34;off&#34; (D15-5) with off conditions checked before proceeding to on conditions. Assumes all enabling remotes=1 if remote enable input pointer and/or mask is zero. Assumes OFF and ON conditions as not true if associated input pointer and/or mask is zero causing turn off and not turn on of command. Note that command is turned on only with cam or on remote transition. 
     5. Determine if output auxiliary (D15-8) is &#34;on&#34; or &#34;off&#34; directly or through time delay path. If used the time delay is enabled preset and decremented on first pass through path and decremented on subsequent interrupts until zero. Enable Time Delay Reset (D1-13) will hold time preset. Note: Current time (D14) is only updated with remaining time while decrementing which is disabled by time delay reset enabled. 
     6. Determine if output is &#34;on&#34;, &#34;off&#34; or bypassed. No action taken if either output pointer or mask is zero. 
     ALGORITHM EXECUTION TIME 
     Executing the special timed interrupt algorithm is the highest task of the processor. Once started, the algorithm cannot be interrupted and all other processor tasks are suspended. 
     Accordingly, to allow for proper operation of the processor, the algorithm must be limited to allow for sufficient time during each 2.5 MS clock pulse to handle communication tasks, processor housekeeping tasks and execute ladder. The maximum penalty for use of the maximum algorithm time will be a scan delay of 10 times normal for repetitive interrupts at 2.5 MS rate. 
     For example; the overall task time table is: 
     Communications--200 Us Minimum 
     Housekeeping--100 Us Minimum 
     Ladder--100 Us Minimum 
     Algorithm--100 Us Maximum 
     To determine the length of the algorithm, the time for each execution of the sub-algorithm programmed is multiplied by the number of each type used and sum the totals. The maximum limit is 2100 Us. 
     ALGORITHM CONTROL PARAMETER REGISTER CHANGES 
     These registers are not changed while interrupt and sub-algorithms are actively controlling the output. 
     There are two bits available in Control Register D1 to either freeze the state of the sub-algorithm (bit 15) or freeze the state of the output only (Bit 12) while allowing the sub-algorithm to respond to conditions. After either of these bits have been enabled and then disabled, the sub-algorithm will be active for one interrupt without affecting output. The control of the output by the sub-algorithm is disabled until the status register D15 bit 9 (1st scan) is on. 
     The above method of removing the output from sub-algorithm control can also be used to provide manual control of the output to the ladder program. 
     The invention thus provides a PLC control system for a high-speed press utilizing a press algorithm, which algorithm includes a number of executions of a sub-algorithm, which enables precise, controlled high-speed operation of the press. 
     While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described in detail a preferred embodiment of the invention with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the broad aspect of the invention to embodiment illustrated. 
     While the specific embodiments have been illustrated and described, numerous modifications come to mind without significantly departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of protection is only limited by the scope of the accompanying claims.