Patent Publication Number: US-2015076164-A1

Title: Plastic container for packing of filling product under pressure, and method for the manufacture thereof

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a container which is intended for the packaging under pressure of a filling product, in particular fluids, i.e. liquids or gases, or semi-liquids, such as pastes, creams, gels and the like, wherein the pressure container has a reinforced body. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Plastic pressure containers reveal some advantages compared with those made from metal, i.a. respective environment and durability, owing to a lower cost in energy and transport, resulting in a reduced CO 2  emission. Moreover, they are non-corrosive, have a lower weight and may be transparent if required. Conversely, however, they may get slightly deformed under the action of pressure, which is not desired in most cases. 
     As a result, pressure containers made from plastic bodies are restricted to allowable pressures, which they must be able to resist indeed, in order to ensure safe working. In order to cope with possible incidents resulting from the acting pressure, pressure containers were first proposed with a relatively thick wall, resulting in both a higher weight and a higher cost for such containers. 
     To remedy this, a reinforced container was proposed as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,837,527 of KUTIC, wherein a container is described which has a body with a thinner wall thanks to a reinforced construction thereof. It consists essentially in a reinforcing ribs pattern which is rather complex. This consists of a set of radial reinforcing ribs indeed, which extend over the major part of the length of the container between an outer wall and an additional inner wall. This has the disadvantage however that the gain achieved in terms of weight of the outer wall thanks to its thinner design is counterbalanced by the additional material required for the additional inner wall and the numerous radial reinforcing ribs. The pressure container described herein consists of a highly complex wall structure in which a double wall is joined by radial ribs. The result is that the container thus obtained has virtually the same weight, with the additional disadvantage of a rather extensive and complex reinforcing rib structure. 
     STATE OF THE ART 
     Document U.S. Pat. No. 3,327,907 of Charles MEYERS likewise describes a reinforced plastic container for products under pressure. Similarly, the reinforcement elements described herein consist of a set of longitudinally aligned reinforcing ribs. However, the presented container remains unable to achieve the material reduction which is sought here, essentially of the wall. Similarly, such longitudinal ribs do not contribute significantly to counteracting sufficiently the deformation of the body wall under the influence of the pressure action. 
     Similarly, document WO2005/071306 of KOLDYBAEV describes a pressure container made from semi-transparent composite material around which a more complex cage structure is fitted, which actually increases the overall weight and is therefore incompatible with the objective sought here. This pressure container thus uses an external cage which protects the pressure container against external influences. However, the cage does not increase the internal pressure resistance of the container, so that no contribution is provided to the presently sought solution of the technical problem. 
     The device described in DE 102006004120 of HYDAC Technology is not a packaging, but a hydraulic accumulator, which has a totally different function. 
     Document FR 2 852 301 of VALOIS SAS also describes a pressure container which is equipped nowhere with mechanical reinforcements. It essentially involves a pressure container made from high-quality plastic material with sufficient resistance to the propellant gas which is intended to prevent the known disadvantages of metal containers, i.e. basically the difficulty to obtain specific shapes of containers at reasonable prices and also with regard to environmental considerations, as well as the possible impact on the contents of the container. 
     The pressure container described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,799,435 of ABPLANALP is made only from nylon. However, nylon is not suitable as a material for a pressure container, due to the significant moisture absorption and hydrolysis sensitivity. This is therefore restricted entirely to a nylon container in which a number of characterising technical specifications are described which are specific to the use of this material: this allows relatively thin walls, which are able nevertheless to resist the high pressures that are applied in pressure containers, but which has the disadvantage of quickly hardening, actually so quickly that nylon which is added in liquid form into the cavity has a tendency to solidify before the cavity is completely filled, with the drawback that the end products thus achieved are incomplete or imperfect. Said restrictions will not or must not occur in the present invention. 
     The pressure container described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,133,701 of Han Sang is not provided anywhere with reinforcements, which are, however, necessary in order to provide the required resistance on the container wall that is subjected to a higher pressure. 
     Although EP 0778225 of L&#39;OREAL describes an aerosol container that is also specifically intended for samples, the plastic pressure container is usable only for small volumes up to 8 ml as stated therein. A container made of plastic is thus proposed which is, however, regarded therein as an extremely expensive solution. At any rate, it is indicated herein that, due to the high internal pressure caused by the propellant gas, the use of a greater plastic thickness is required in order to allow the wall concerned to be provided with the required rigidity, thus providing an argument against this choice of plastic. 
     Finally, U.S. Pat. No. 6,484,900 of Roy STINER et al. describes a transparent container intended for liquefied gas fuel, but the use of pressures is not disclosed at all therein. So this document does not cover a pressure container. A number of structural elements are described therein yet, which can best be used for the disclosed container, which is intended specifically as an energy source for a so-called ‘camping gas’ with an intrinsic and potential risk of explosion. Consequently, this container must be perfectly resistant to the high-risk contents comprising an explosive fluid, whereas in the applications considered here, only edible materials, cosmetics and other non-explosive fluids or discontinuous filling products notably are envisaged, and at any rate fluids which do not entail any risk of explosion. The basic conditions imposed on the container wall are thus totally different, which in the present case, is a determining factor given that, according to the present development, the aim is simply to be able to reduce the thickness of the body of the container as far as possible. 
     To summarise, the need therefore exists for a lighter plastic container for pressure packaging, which is intended for packaging a continuous filling product, i.e. fluids such as gases or liquids with a continuous character, possibly semi-liquid, or also discontinuous fluids such as foam, pastes, creams, gels and even powders and the like, to be expelled after the exertion of a pressing action on the container. 
     There are such plastic polymer containers which comprise at least one end opening on the top side of a mantel forming the body of the container that is closable at the top with a closure of the cap type. 
     PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the invention consists in pressurising the plastic container acting as packaging with filling product, notably from atmosphere to about 50 bar and more, up to pressures rising to approx. 100 bar or possibly even higher to 300 bar. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     To achieve this aim, a container made from plastic polymer is proposed according to this invention, as defined in the main claim. It is remarkable in that it comprises at least one end opening, in particular two, on the top and base sides of a sleeve forming the body of the container, the base side of which is closed by a specially added base, that is attached to said container body by means of a joint, and which is closed above with a closure. In addition, a set of reinforcement elements is provided at least on the body which makes the container resistant to high internal pressures. 
     According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a container made from plastic polymer is proposed thus as defined in the following claim, which is remarkable in that an inner container is provided in this container. Thus by means of such a double container system according to a more specifically defined embodiment of the invention, a particularly advantageous application consists in making a pressure packaging in an inner bottle, withstanding pressures ranging from 20 to 50 bar and more, possibly up to 100 bar, or even to 300 bar, so that, if a problem occurs within the container, the outer container will absorb everything, thereby acting as a kind of fuse safety container. 
     According to a quite remarkable embodiment of the invention, Pascal&#39;s law is applied, stating that a pressure exerted on a liquid present in a completely filled and enclosed vessel will be transmitted undiminished in all directions. This law is applied here to a pressure container comprising an inner container, wherein the latter container completely encloses the inner container as an actual global outer container. If the inner container is placed under a high pressure and the outer container under a lower pressure, wherein both pressures are higher than atmospheric pressure, the residual pressure on the inner container is equal to the difference between the high pressure of the inner container minus the lower (counter-)pressure of the outer container. This has the advantage that the inner container can be designed as lighter than would normally be expected to withstand the high pressure. Thanks to the constantly building counter-pressure in the outer container, the inner container can be designed as additionally thin and light. 
     The purpose of incorporating said inner container may also advantageously consist in the creation of a so-called ‘counter-container’, on the understanding that a negative pressure is created in relation to the other container, i.e. the outer container. So, a PCV type container type as pressure-controlling device thus constituting a pressure regulator is created. In this two-container system, the inner container is placed under pressure, wherein two different pressures are controlled for both containers. 
     According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a reinforcement is implemented by incorporating an inner container which in turn is attached with a joint to the bottom, wherein this inner container under internal pressure is additionally supported by the container, wherein said inner container is joined to the latter by gluing or welding, possibly without a joint. The rings can be fixed by gluing or welding. One of the applications may thus consist in making a pressure packaging in an inner container being operational up to 20 bar, and even more, by means of a double container system, resulting in that the outer container acting as a fuse container, will take up anything going wrong within the former container. 
     According to an additional embodiment of the invention, a set of specific reinforcement elements is provided, which are placed at a distance from one another in order to make the container resistant to even higher internal pressures. By providing a set of reinforcement elements which are disposed at a distance from one another on the inside and/or outside respectively of the pressure container, these can be made resistant to increasingly higher internal pressures. 
     In particular, said reinforcement elements are obtained by winding and/or shrinking the film around the container. More particularly, said reinforcement elements comprise a set of inner support rings which are joined to the container. 
     According to an alternative embodiment thereof, reinforcement elements consist of a set of thickenings or reinforcement ribs directly in the material of the container; 
     according to a further alternative of this embodiment, said reinforcing elements consist of a set of outer support rings, which advantageously can be directly fitted in the container blowing process; or
 
according to a still further alternative embodiment thereof, said outer support rings can be replaced by a mesh and/or a grid and/or a shrink-wrap film with the grid already incorporated therein.
 
     According to a specific embodiment thereof, said outer support rings are made of metal, wherein said outer or inner support rings can also be made from plastics. 
     According to a further advantageous embodiment of the pressure container according to the invention, one or both of the inner or outer containers is made transparent. 
     According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said plastic consists of PET (polyethylene terephthalate). However, it may also consist of a different plastic such as polyolefins, polyesters, PETG, PBT, etc. With an appropriate selection of plastics, unsuitable deformations can be more effectively kept under control. Materials which appropriately come into consideration consist of a different plastic, or polyolefins, particularly polypropylene or polyethylene, polystyrene, polyesters such as PETG or PBT, polycarbonate, polyamides and the like, or copolymers thereof, with the additional advantage that the material can be adapted to the requirements of the product, in particular a higher pressure resistance, possibly a higher chemical resistance, a higher temperature resistance, which makes an even more favourable contribution to an improved solution to the problem posed above. Various materials are thus proposed, providing a chemical reinforcement, which may advantageously be combined with said physical reinforcement, resulting in a measurable increase in the body strength. 
     According to a further embodiment of the pressure container according to the invention, it comprises at least one end opening, in particular two, on the top and base sides of a mantel or sleeve which forms the body of the container, the bottom side of which is closed by a separately added base which is attached to the body of the container by means of a joint and which is closed on top with a closure. 
     Another limitation is that they reveal creeping in the case of long-term stress on the plastic. However, this can be substantially remedied by a suitable selection of the plastics. 
     According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the container originates from a preform made from a primary plastic material which is formed by a material which is bi-axially stretchable, particularly PET; more particularly, this is coated from the inside and, possibly, also from the outside, particularly with acrylics, possibly for the sake of using PET. 
     More particularly, it consists of a plastic, i.e. modified PET, such that it is resistant to an increasingly higher) pressure and/or temperature. 
     According to a particular embodiment of the invention, said plastic is a so-called ‘polymer bio-aggregate’ referred to as “PBA”, particularly with the incorporation of a barrier herein, more particularly PETG with incorporated spores. Polymer bio-aggregates of this type are obtained through bio-encapsulation in a polymer matrix, particularly applicable in the manufacturing process of an industrial product such as packaging material, textile fibres, granules and the like, where specific life stages and the polymer are agglomerated within a short time gap during which the polymer is fluid, i.e. at a temperature above its melting point. 
     A container according to a further embodiment of the invention is provided with an end opening and is not cut off underneath. 
     According to a particular embodiment of the invention, a valve is incorporated into the added base of the container packaging. 
     According to a further embodiment of the invention, said joint comprises a glue joint, possibly also a seam joint or also a weld joint. More specifically, the weld joint may comprise a Laser, induction or ultrasound joint. 
     According to a further embodiment of the container of the invention, it is made from a preform and it is intended to contain radiation-sensitive products, such as light-sensitive and/or gas-sensitive products, particularly cosmetics, detergents and the like, and it is made up of at least one base layer consisting of a primary plastic base material with a specific quantity of additives which are incorporated into said base layer, which preform is remarkable in that it has thermal properties which are such that the thermal contraction thereof does not exceed a specific setting value at a predetermined setting value of the operating temperature, particularly wherein said contraction setting value amounts to a maximum of 4% to 5%, particularly a maximum of 3.5%, preferably up to 1%. 
     In particular, said primary base layer comprises a certain amount of primary additives between 1% and 20%, particularly between 5 and 15%, more particularly approximately 10% by weight, with the formation of a so-called blend, in order to protect the inside thereof against external radiation, particularly electromagnetic radiation, more particularly light, more particularly wherein the additives are formed by polymer additives, particularly thermoplastic polymer additives, possibly also by polycarbonate with the formation of a polycarbonate blend, or by PEN, PETN05, or even by polypropylene or PET additives; with the additional advantage that the material can best be adapted to the requirements of the product, such as a higher pressure resistance, a higher chemical resistance, a higher temperature resistance. 
     The preform may have a single-layer structure, possibly also a multi-layer structure, particularly a three-layer structure consisting of said primary base layer, wherein an intermediate layer is incorporated which acts as a barrier layer, more particularly as a light and/or oxygen barrier, which is made up of a secondary plastic material by which virtually all transmitted light and/or oxygen can be filtered. 
     According to a still further embodiment of the invention, a gas barrier is incorporated into one of the layers, particularly the intermediate layer, of the wall consisting of a barrier material with corresponding gas absorption; and/or wherein the additives have a neutralising effect on reagents with a disadvantageous influence on a product contained in the container with the formation of an active or passive barrier in the wall; and/or wherein the additives have a neutralising effect on gas formation originating from a degradation of said product; and/or wherein the additives have a neutralising effect on external substances, particularly oxygen and/or carbon dioxide, both under the formation of a relevant gas barrier in the wall; and/or wherein an oxygen barrier is incorporated into the container wall or preform wall by replacing the PET in one or more layers with a polyester barrier with oxygen absorption. 
     According to a further embodiment of the invention, the pressure packaging is formed by a multi-chamber system consisting of at least two chambers. In the case of such a bicameral system, the container is closed underneath as defined in the relevant sub-claim, and a chamber partition is fitted to create the different chambers in the container. In this case, the chamber partition can be provided with at least one pressure control valve or gassing valve. In particular, this pressure control valve may be a closure which can be indirectly opened from outside by means of the pressure control valve, so that the contents of the one chamber can come into contact with the other chamber, wherein the chambers may be under pressure or not, possibly wherein both the bottom and top sides are closed by means of the same closing piece, notably a closure, particularly wherein said cover consists of a dosing valve, or possibly a screw cap or other closures. 
     According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the pressure container consists of a combined implementation of a double container as described above on the one hand, and a multiple chamber system on the other hand. 
     This invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a pressure container packaging as specified above, wherein the container used herein is made by a one-step process with subsequent cutting of the container in order thus to obtain a tube, wherein pressure means are fitted therein to pressurise the container packaging with the filling product, particularly from atmosphere to approx. 20 bar and more, possibly up to 100 bar, through gassing. The container can also be formed by a two-step process. The container can be formed directly by injection moulding, without cutting. It can still be cut afterwards. 
     According to a particular embodiment of the method of the invention, a flexible inner container or bag is inserted into the container to prevent the filling product from coming into contact with the outer wall or with the pressure gas (gases, air), particularly wherein a flexible inner container is incorporated into the container by blowing. 
     The pressurisation therein can be performed through the closable lower valve via an opening which is self-closable by means of the seal, wherein this seal consists of a tube element which is made from a flexible plastic, particularly wherein the pressurisation therein can take place via the closable upper valve, notably via a so-called “umbrella plug” which is self-closable, or via a so-called “Nichelson plug”. 
     According to a more particular embodiment of the method of the invention, the container is made from plastics by stretching and blowing an injection moulding preform which has a high crystallinity in order to have a higher thermal dimensional stability, wherein said crystallinity substantially forms an orientation-induced crystallinity, particularly wherein the crystallinity is higher than 30%, more particularly between 35 and 40%. 
     More particularly, said container is made from a PET blend or copolymer with a different polyester resistant to a greater heat, particularly according to an extreme low level thereof, more particularly wherein said polyester is formed by a polyethylene naphthalate; a polytrimethylene naphthalate; or by the plastic material known as PETN-5 type 400105. 
     Further particularities and features of the invention are defined in further dependent claims. Further details are shown in the following for some embodiments of the invention with reference to the attached drawings. The same reference signs refer to identical or analogous elements herein. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIGS. 1 to 15  et seq. each show an embodiment of a container according to the invention, in each case with variants in several views, full and/or partial views, wherein 
         FIG. 1  shows a mixed combined view in perspective in partial cross section of the bottom section of a first embodiment of the container according to the invention; 
         FIG. 2  shows a completed side view of the representation of the embodiment of the container according to the invention represented in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  shows a similar combined view of the embodiment of the container represented in both preceding FIG., but of a top portion thereof; 
         FIG. 4  shows a combined perspective view in partial cross-section of the bottom section of a second embodiment of the container according to the invention; 
         FIG. 5  shows a similar side view as the representation in  FIG. 2 , of the embodiment of the container according to the invention represented in  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 6  shows a similar view as in  FIG. 1  but of a third embodiment of the container according to the invention; 
         FIG. 7  shows a similar side view of the representation in  FIG. 5  of the third embodiment of the container according to the invention represented in  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 8  again shows a similar view as in  FIG. 2  of a completed side view with regard to the detailed view according to  FIG. 1 , but of a fourth embodiment of the container; 
         FIG. 9  shows a further completed mixed side view in perspective of the complete container represented in the preceding FIG., but with a laterally removed longitudinal side portion thereof; 
         FIGS. 10 and 11  show similar views again as in both preceding  FIGS. 8 and 9 , but of a yet additional embodiment of the container according to the invention; 
         FIGS. 12 and 13  show similar views again as in both  FIGS. 8 and 9 , but of a still further embodiment of the container according to the invention; 
         FIG. 14  shows a similar top view as in  FIG. 3 , but of a still further embodiment of the container according to the invention, as represented sideways in  FIG. 15 . 
         FIG. 16  shows a mixed similar representation of said bottom and top portions as represented in  FIGS. 2 and 3  respectively, of a still further embodiment of the container according to the invention; 
         FIG. 17  is a similar view as in  FIG. 15  of the latter embodiment of the container as represented in the preceding  FIG. 16 ; 
         FIGS. 18 and 19  are similar representations of a still additional embodiment of the container as represented in both preceding  FIGS. 16 and 17 , respectively; 
         FIGS. 20 and 21  further represent similar partially cut-away bottom sections as shown in  FIGS. 5 and 4 , respectively, of a yet additional embodiment of the container according to the invention; 
         FIGS. 22 and 23  are similar representations as in both preceding  FIGS. 20 and 21 , but of an additional embodiment of the container according to the invention with a multi-chamber system; 
         FIGS. 24 and 25  are in turn similar views as in both  FIGS. 9 and 8  respectively provided with a first continuous bottom represented in  FIG. 25 ; 
         FIGS. 26 and 27  show similar representations as in both preceding  FIGS. 24 and 25 , but with a different bottom finish represented in  FIG. 27 ; 
         FIGS. 28 and 29  show similar representations as in both  FIGS. 24 and 25 , but with yet another floor finish represented in  FIG. 29 ; 
         FIG. 30  represents a cross-section of a further embodiment of the container as represented in  FIG. 26 ; 
         FIG. 31  is a more detailed enlarged view of the container represented in the preceding  FIG. 30  with the bottom and top portions in exploded view; 
         FIGS. 32 and 33  show similar views as  FIGS. 30 and 31  respectively, but of a still further embodiment of a container according to the invention, in which  FIG. 34  is an enlarged detail view thereof; 
         FIGS. 35 and 36  show both show similar views as in  FIGS. 28 and 29  respectively, of a still further embodiment of the container according to the invention. 
         FIG. 37  shows a completed view of the container according to the invention represented in  FIG. 23  with a two-chamber system; 
         FIG. 38  is an enlarged detail view of  FIG. 37  similar to  FIG. 23 ; 
         FIG. 39  shows a partial sectional view of said two-chamber system container as represented in the penultimate  FIG. 37 ; 
         FIG. 40  shows a container as represented in  FIG. 37 , but according to an additional embodiment with double container system; 
         FIG. 41  is a similar representation as in the fore last FIG. of the double container with multi-chamber system according to the preceding FIG.; 
         FIG. 42  is an enlarged detail view of  FIG. 41  analogous to  FIG. 23 . 
       Finally,  FIGS. 43 to 48  each show by pair a specific embodiment of particular embodiments of reinforced container walls according to the invention, each with different representations of reinforcement elements, each in a sectional view according to lines A-A, B-B and resp. C-C in the respective  FIGS. 43 ,  45  and  47 . 
         FIG. 49  represents a summary for synthetic variants of the various embodiments as set out above; 
         FIG. 50  represents a synthesized realistic view of a series of containers according to the invention. 
         FIG. 51   a  to  i  represent a number of synthetic views of bottom portions represented realistically of said containers according to the invention. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION 
     Generally this invention relates to a pressurised container acting as a packaging with a top part, a central part and a bottom part, the top part whereof is provided with an opening through which the pressure container can be filled, and wherein a valve or closure can be incorporated, and the packaging is under pressure ranging up to about 20 bar and higher up to 100 bar, or even more up to 300 bar, particularly at a temperature of approx. 55° C. 
     The base part forms a separate component which is disposed underneath of the container, while it is provided with a valve in order to pressurise the container. The central part has, for example, a cylindrical or prismatic profile. 
     The pressure container is sealed at the bottom by a base  2  which is attached by means of a joint  13  to the container  1 . The joint  13  can be obtained by means of gluing, seaming or welding. Or it is closed at the bottom by a closing cover base  18 . Furthermore, the container  1  is closed with a cover  5 , which may be a dosing valve  17  or a screw cap or another closure. 
     The container may thus have a separately fitted base, or it may possibly also be made as one piece herewith. 
     The primary container  1  comprises a substantially cylindrical body  22  extending along a longitudinal axis l, a closure  5  at the top and an added base  21 , whether or not separate, which may take various shapes as set out below. The cylindrical body  22  is preferably made of plastic, in particular transparent, so that the level of filled product in the container remains visible to the user. This should be understood as including translucid, clear or just transparent walls. The particular material that is selected to form the body  22  must be chemically inert with regard to the filling product contained in the container, and must furthermore also provide sufficient strength and durability for the intended use, consisting in a pressure packaging of continuous or also discontinuous filling product. 
     Examples of suitable materials are given below. 
     The cylindrical or prismatic body can be made by using injection moulding technology or by extrusion, as further described below with the corresponding methods for manufacturing the container. 
     To give the pressure container wall  22  sufficient strength, reinforcement elements are provided at least in the wall  22  of the pressure container. These consist in the first instance of mechanical reinforcement elements  30 , which can advantageously be provided in the form of peripheral reinforcement elements which are arranged around the container body wall  22 . For a cylindrical wall, they are therefore circular rings which advantageously extend into an area extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis l of the container thereby to make optimum use of the reinforcing effect of the ring on the wall. 
     Preferably, several reinforcing rings are provided along the container wall, which are disposed at a mutual distance from one another on the inner and/or outer side respectively of the pressure container, in particular according to an odd number, so that the middlemost ring can thus be appropriately fitted at the mid-height of the container wall  22 , which is basically the most solicited area in the container, certainly if the reinforcement rings are provided at an equal distance from one another. 
     However, the reinforcement rings can also be fitted according to a different longitudinal distribution, particularly with a decreasing distance from the body top resp.bottom ends towards the central section thereof, wherein the intermediate spaces between consecutive reinforcement rings thus decrease towards the middle of the body. Indeed, this produces an increased strength in the most solicited section of the container, i.e. the mid-section. 
     The reinforcement elements  31 ,  32  advantageously have a rounded profile, particularly with a substantially semi-circular cross section with an outward-pointing top. Thanks to this profile pattern, the local tensions are combined in an optimum manner and are added together to exert a maximum tension in relation to the container wall, so that the tendency thereof to possibly bend or bulge outwardly is thus suppressed. 
     The reinforcement rings preferably have a width which remains smaller, preferably even significantly smaller, than half, or even less, of the spacing between the consecutive rings as shown in  FIG. 49 , so that the container wall thickness on average retains a relatively smaller value. 
     Said reinforcement rings are provided essentially on the outer wall, but can also be fitted to the inner wall, possibly in combination with those on the outer wall, for example in order to ensure the required wall strength, at least at the weaker points hereof. 
     Other types of ribs, such as longitudinal or radial ribs, are deliberately not used here. The efficiency hereof in terms of the non-deformation of the container wall under the influence of the acting pressure from the inside is at any rate significantly less indeed. Thus, the peripheral reinforcement ribs or rings, which extend into an area perpendicular to the longitudinal axis l, are significantly more effective in counteracting a tendency to possible bulging of the container wall under the action of the pressure, which is only slightly or significantly less the case than for the other aforementioned types of reinforcement ribs. These reinforcement elements therefore serve to make the container resistant to high internal pressures. They can also be obtained by wrapping and/or shrinking the film around the container; by a set of inner support rings which are joined to the container. 
     Alternatively, said reinforcement elements may consist of a set of thickenings or reinforcement ribs directly in the material of the container; of a set of outer support rings which can advantageously be fitted directly in the container blowing process; by a mesh and/or a grid and/or a shrink-wrap film into which the grid has already been incorporated. 
     Possibly, said outer support rings may be made from metal, wherein said outer or inner support rings may be made from plastics as well. 
     A reinforcement is preferably implemented by inserting an inner container which in turn is attached with a joint to the base, wherein this inner container being under internal pressure is additionally supported by the primary container, wherein it is joined to said primary container by gluing or welding, possibly without a joint. The rings can be attached by gluing or welding. 
     An example easy to test consists of pressurizing the container, for example at 6 bar internally, measuring the deformation, add 2,5 bar along the top, and measuring the deformation again. Then, if said container needs to be able to withstand 6 bar, but if the container above is under 2,5 bar, the latter 2,5 bar pressure can be considered as acting in the opposite direction on the inner container, and consequently the pressure that the inner container has to withstand or that it actually feels about his wall is actually 3,5 bar, i.e. 6-2,5. The main application is that the inner container can be made lighter. Indeed, its wall must thus withstand only 3,5 bar so that the inner container no longer has to withstand 6 bar, resulting in that the walls may be thinner. An additional advantage of the double container thus follows from the application of Pascal&#39;s law, where an effect is obtained that a low pressure must be withstood for one of both containers thus involved, which may be quite useful in specific applications. Said inner container is therefore basically less stressed mechanically. This container can then also be made lighter. That is a significant advantage, i.e. that a lighter container can thus be made thanks to the counter-pressure created therein. In this example, the inner container serves as a pressure vessel, wherein the inner container under pressure actually protects its surrounding outer container, thereby actually acting as a counter-container: so said inner container exerts a negative pressure on the base container with a reduced pressure for the latter, i.e. in said double container system with a lower pressure for the one container, under the action of the other container. 
     In case of a bottle container, the bottle in a bottle is one chamber, wherein the inner bottle serves as an additional reinforcement of the outer bottle. An inner container is thus pressurised via a pressure regulator, whereby two different pressures are now controlled, with the creation of a pressure gradient ΔP, the difference between the inner container and the base container, which has a specific pressure difference, ΔP. By means of this ΔP, said inner container can be made lighter. This is this application of Pascal&#39;s law. 
     In addition to the mechanical reinforcement elements described above, chemical reinforcements may possibly be used as well, as described below. In order to achieve a cumulated reinforcement effect on the container wall, thereby significantly increasing the rigidity in regard to the acting pressure, said chemical reinforcement elements may be used possibly in combination with said mechanical reinforcement elements, resulting in a possible flawless reinforcement of the container wail, despite the pressure acting thereon. 
     The aim is at least to pressurise, notably to gas, the packaging with the filling product for packaging under pressure rising to approx. 20 bar and higher to 100 bar, or more, even up to 300 bar, particularly at a temperature of approx. 55° C., which occurs, inter alia, via the closable upper valve  17  and/or the closable lower valve via the opening  3 , self-closable by means of the seal  4 , wherein the seal  4  is a small tube made from a flexible plastic; and/or via said self-closable “umbrella plug”  6 ; or via said two-step “Nichelson plug”  7 , both commercially available parts. 
     In order for the container  1  or  1 ′ to be resistant to high internal pressures, the invention consists in reinforcing this container in a variety of ways: by means of inner support rings  8  and  8 ′ which are positioned at a distance from one another and are joined to the container by e.g. gluing or welding. The distance between  8  and  8 ′ and the amount of support rings to be positioned are dependent on the required container strength; 
     and/or by means of thickenings or reinforcement ribs  9  and  9 ′ directly in the material of the container  1 . The distance between  9  and  9 ′ and the quantity thereof to be positioned are dependent on the required container strength;
 
and/or by means of external support rings  10  and  10 ′ which are positioned at a distance from one another and are joined by gluing or welding or simply without a joint. The distance between  10  and  10 ′ and the amount of support rings to be positioned are dependent on the required container strength. It is possible for these outer support rings  10  to be fitted directly during the container blowing process. The invention is not restricted to those outer support rings—the only shown—, but it may also be a mesh or a grid. The materials of these support rings may be both metals and plastics;
 
and/or by inserting an inner container  14  which in turn is attached with a joint to the base  2 . The joint  12  may, for example, be obtained by gluing, seaming or welding. This inner container  14  under internal pressure is then additionally supported by the container  1 .
 
     The container packaging  23  has one end opening, i.e. it is not cut off underneath, and it is remarkable in that it consists of a plastic such as e.g. modified PET, so that it is resistant to high(er) pressure and/or high temperature. The base underneath is designed as substantially flat, possibly with a slight bend towards the inside. 
     The container packaging  24  with one end opening, i.e. not cut off at the bottom, is remarkable in that it consists of a plastic material, i.e. modified PET, so that it is resistant to high(er) pressures. The base underneath is designed here as a hemisphere, because this geometry can withstand more pressure in the container. This embodiment requires a base-cup  25 , which enables the packaging to remain standing upright for the sake of the vertical position thereof, and which is attached to the container, particularly at the bottom side thereof, more particularly at the level of the transition area between the bottom  21  and body  22 . The base cup  25  is attached to the container by gluing or welding. 
     The container packaging  24  is not necessarily cylindrical in shape, but may also take other shapes, for example prismatic, in particular triangular with rounded corners. 
     The container packaging  26  is remarkable in that it is manufactured according to a 3-step process: first a preform injection moulding, then blowing the preform by inflation to form a bottle and thereafter cutting it off. The container is closed underneath by a full cover  28  which is attached to the container by gluing or welding. 
     The container packaging  29  is made from a PET material, wherein an inner container  30  is inserted through the opening underneath the outer container  29  produced by said cutting. The inner container  30  is not necessarily made from the same material as the outer container  29  and may have a shape which is not necessarily cylindrical. The lower opening of the outer container  29  is closed via a cover or a base cup  25 ′ which is attached to the container by gluing or welding. The inner container  30  is closed on top with a valve  5 ′. The wall of the inner container  30  is supported at a higher internal pressure by the outer container, as a result of which the container packaging as such is more resistant to higher pressures up to e.g. 20 bar. 
     The container packaging  29 ′ is a variant of the outer container  29 , wherein the valve  5 ′ is integrated into the container packaging and is therefore no longer removable, insulated from the outside and as additional security for holding the valve through the inner wall of the outer container  29 ′. 
     The container packaging  29 ″ is a further variant of the outer container  29  remarkable in that the outer container is cut off twice: on top and bottom. 
     The container packaging  30  has one end opening, i.e. it is not cut off at its bottom, and it is remarkable in that it consists of a plastic, in particular modified PET, so that it is resistant to high(er) pressures. 
     In the case of atmospheric packaging and/or pressure packaging, the container can be closed with a closing cover base  18 , and can be pressurised or not according to the methods described above. This is referred to as a 1-chamber system. 
       FIG. 22  shows a two-chamber system, wherein the container is closed underneath according to the various methods described above, and the two chambers are obtained by fitting a chamber partition  19  in the container. The chamber partition  19  may be provided or not with a pressure control valve  20 , but this pressure control valve  20  may, for example, also be a closure which can be opened from outside, so that the contents of the chamber  21  may come into contact with the chamber  22 . The chambers may be under pressure or not. 
     In a three-chamber or multi-chamber system (not shown) according to the invention above, one or more chamber partitions  19  and  19 ′ are fitted. If only chamber partition  19 ′ is fitted, a third chamber  23  is obtained. The chamber partitions can be provided with a pressure control valve  20  or, for example, a closure which can be opened from outside so that the contents of the chamber  21  come into contact with the chamber  22 . The chambers may be under pressure or not. 
     A number of chambers can be created by fitting different chamber partitions. In the different chambers, the filling product may consist of liquid, powder or gas. The chambers may be under pressure or not. The pressure packaging can thus be formed by a multi-chamber system consisting of at least two chambers, wherein, in the case of a two-chamber system, the container underneath is closed as specified and a chamber partition is fitted in order to create the different chambers in the container. In this case, the chamber partition can be provided with at least one pressure control valve or gassing valve. In particular, this pressure control valve may be a closure which can be indirectly opened from outside by means of the pressure control valve, so that the contents of the one chamber can come into contact with the other chamber, wherein the chambers may be pressurised or may not, possibly wherein both the base and top side are closed by means of the same closing piece, i.e. a closure, particularly wherein this cover consists of a dosing valve, or possibly a screw cap, or other closures. 
     This invention also relates to a pressure packaging multi-chamber system consisting of a container made from plastic, e.g. PET, formed by a one-step or two-step process  1 , or a container formed by a one-step or two-step process followed by cutting of the container in order thus to obtain a tube. Either a container  1 ′ formed by means of the extrusion process. 
     The latter is closed underneath by a base  2  which is attached by means of a joint  13  to the container  1 . The joint  13  may, for example, be obtained by gluing, seaming or welding. Or this is to be closed underneath by a closing cover base  18 . 
     At the top, the container  1  is closed above with a cover  5 , wherein this cover may be a dosing valve  17  or a screw cap or other closures. 
     If the container  1  is produced by means of the extrusion process, the top side is then closed with a container head  11  which is attached by means of a joint  12  to the container  1 . The joint  12  may, for example, be obtained by gluing, seaming or welding. 
     The container head  11  can then in turn be closed with a cover  5 , which cover may be a dosing valve  17  or a screw cap or another closure. 
     In order to prevent a filling product such as liquids, pastes, creams and the like from coming into contact with the outer wall and also with the pressure gas (gases, air, etc.), a flexible inner container  16  is inserted into the container, for example by blowing. 
     This invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a container packaging, particularly pressure container packaging as specified defined above, wherein the container used herein is formed by a one-step process with subsequent cutting of the container in order thus to obtain a tube, wherein pressure means are arranged herein to pressurise the container packaging with the filling product, particularly from atmosphere to approx. 100 bar, by gassing. 
     The container may also be formed by a two-step process instead of a one-step process, possibly wherein the container used herein can be formed directly by injection moulding, without cutting. The pressurisation herein can be done through the closable lower valve via the opening which is self-closable by means of the seal, wherein this seal consists of a tube element which is made from a flexible plastic; particularly wherein the pressurisation herein takes place via the closable upper valve. 
     According to a particular method for manufacturing a pressure container packaging, the latter is formed by means of the container formed by the extrusion process, or by means of an extruded tube which is cut off at least once, particularly twice, wherein both open ends of the resulting body are closed by the same piece, closure or cover; particularly wherein the upper edge is closed with a container head which is attached to the container by means of a joint, more particularly wherein the container head is in turn closed with a cover, wherein this cover is a dosing valve, or a screw cap or another closure. 
     To summarise, the main cornerstones which are incorporated into the pressure container  1  of the invention are physical reinforcements, particularly foils, reinforcement rings and/or ribs, internal and/or external slots; and/or chemical reinforcements, particularly by increasing crystallinity, glass transition temperature, polymer blends, including use of PEN and increasing crystallinity; and/or chemical resistance, particularly by means of blends, coatings, including internal coating; and/or special construction types, particularly a pressure container of the ‘bottle in a bottle’ type as reinforcement, a ‘bag in a bottle’, a one-chamber or two-chamber system, or a ‘spherical base with base cup’.