Patent Publication Number: US-9854370-B2

Title: Implantable remote control

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/186,178 filed on Jul. 19, 2011, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,579,510 on Feb. 28, 2017, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Various types of hearing prostheses may provide persons with different types of hearing loss with the ability to perceive sound. Hearing loss may be conductive, sensorineural, or some combination of both conductive and sensorineural. Conductive hearing loss typically results from a dysfunction in any of the mechanisms that ordinarily conduct sound waves through the outer ear, the eardrum, or the bones of the middle ear. Sensorineural hearing loss typically results from a dysfunction in the inner ear, including the cochlea where sound vibrations are converted into neural signals, or any other part of the ear, auditory nerve, or brain that may process the neural signals. 
     Persons with some forms of conductive hearing loss may benefit from hearing prostheses, such as acoustic hearing aids or vibration-based hearing devices. An acoustic hearing aid typically includes a small microphone to detect sound, an amplifier to amplify certain portions of the detected sound, and a small speaker to transmit the amplified sounds into the person&#39;s ear. Vibration-based hearing devices typically include a small microphone to detect sound and a vibration mechanism to apply vibrations corresponding to the detected sound to a person&#39;s bone, thereby causing vibrations in the person&#39;s inner ear and bypassing the person&#39;s auditory canal and middle ear. Vibration-based hearing devices may include bone anchored devices, direct acoustic cochlear stimulation devices, or other vibration-based devices. A bone anchored device typically utilizes a surgically-implanted mechanism to transmit vibrations corresponding to sound via the skull. A direct acoustic cochlear stimulation device also typically utilizes a surgically-implanted mechanism to transmit vibrations corresponding to sound, but bypasses the skull and more directly stimulates the inner ear. Other non-surgical vibration-based hearing devices may use similar vibration mechanisms to transmit sound via direct vibration of teeth or other cranial or facial bones. 
     Persons with certain forms of sensorineural hearing loss may benefit from prostheses, such as cochlear implants and/or auditory brainstem implants. For example, cochlear implants may provide a person having sensorineural hearing loss with the ability to perceive sound by stimulating the person&#39;s auditory nerve via an array of electrodes implanted in the person&#39;s cochlea. A component of the cochlear implant detects sound waves, which are converted into a series of electrical stimulation signals delivered to the implant recipient&#39;s cochlea via the array of electrodes. Auditory brainstem implants may use technology similar to cochlear implants, but instead of applying electrical stimulation to a person&#39;s cochlea, auditory brainstem implants apply electrical stimulation directly to a person&#39;s brain stem, bypassing the cochlea altogether. Electrically stimulating auditory nerves in a cochlea with a cochlear implant or electrically stimulating a brainstem may enable persons with sensorineural hearing loss to perceive sound. 
     Such prostheses typically include a user interface to control various functions thereof. For example, the user interface may include physical buttons, switches, dials, and the like that are disposed on a prosthesis and used to turn the prosthesis on and off, to adjust the volume, change settings or operating modes, adjust other audio processing parameters, such as gain, sensitivity, frequency filtering, etc. In another example, the user interface may include a separate remote control that communicates with the prosthesis in any known wired or wireless manner, such as through a radio frequency, infrared light, laser light, and/or visible light signal. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present application discloses systems, methods, and articles of manufacture for allowing a user to control various functions of a device, such as a hearing prosthesis. In some embodiments, one or more tags are used that communicate wirelessly with the device. The tag(s) may be attached to the user&#39;s hand, such as on or under the skin of the user&#39;s fingers. In another example, the tag(s) may be coupled to fingertips of a glove or a ring-type structure. 
     Some embodiments are directed to a method for controlling one or more functions of a medical device and include scanning a data interface of the medical device for signals induced wirelessly by one or more gestures made with one or more tags associated with a recipient of the medical device and controlling one or more functions of the medical device based on the wirelessly induced signals. In some embodiments, the medical device may be fully or partially implanted in a recipient. In other embodiments, the medical device may be an external device worn by the recipient rather than implanted in the recipient. 
     Other embodiments may include a medical device that has a data interface configured to receive wireless signals induced by a one or more of a plurality of tags associated with a recipient of the medical device and a processor configured to interpret the induced signals to control a plurality of functions of the medical device. 
     Yet other embodiments may be directed to a method of operating a device that includes scanning the device for signals induced wirelessly by one or more tags implanted in a user of the device, processing the wirelessly induced signals to identify one or more gestures made with the one or more tags, and performing one of a plurality of functions of the device in response to the one or more gestures. 
     Further embodiments may be directed to a device that includes means for receiving signals from user coupled means for wirelessly inducing such signals and means for interpreting the induced signals as one or more gestures made by the user coupled means to control one or more functions of the device. 
     Still other embodiments may include an article of manufacture with computer readable media having instructions encoded thereon for interpreting signals induced wirelessly at a data interface of a device by one or more of a plurality of tags and for controlling a plurality of functions of the device in accordance with the wirelessly induced signals. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a block diagram of a hearing prosthesis system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a block diagram of the tag(s) and the data interface of  FIG. 1  according to another embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 3  is a diagrammatic illustration of the hearing prosthesis system of  FIG. 1  in accordance with an embodiment; 
         FIGS. 4A and 4B  are flowcharts showing examples of methods for controlling various functions of the hearing prosthesis of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a flowchart showing an example of an algorithm for controlling various functions of the hearing prosthesis of  FIG. 1 ; and 
         FIG. 6  is a block diagram of an article of manufacture including computer readable media with instructions for causing one or more processors or controllers to execute a method for controlling various functions of the hearing prosthesis of  FIG. 1 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following detailed description describes various features, functions, and attributes of the disclosed systems, methods, and articles of manufacture with reference to the accompanying figures. In the figures, similar symbols typically identify similar components, unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described herein are not meant to be limiting. Certain aspects of the disclosed systems, methods, and articles of manufacture can be arranged and combined in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are contemplated herein. 
     For illustration purposes, some features and functions are described with respect to cochlear implants. However, many features and functions may be equally applicable to other types of hearing prostheses and to other types of devices, including other types of medical and non-medical devices. 
       FIG. 1  shows one example system  100  that includes a hearing prosthesis  102  configured according to some embodiments of the disclosed systems, methods, and articles of manufacture. The hearing prosthesis  102  may be a cochlear implant, an acoustic hearing aid, a bone anchored device, a direct acoustic stimulation device, an auditory brain stem implant, or any other type of hearing prosthesis configured to assist a prosthesis recipient in perceiving sound. 
     The hearing prosthesis  102  illustrated in  FIG. 1  includes a data interface  104 , one or more microphones  106 , one or more microcontrollers or processors  108 , an output signal interface  110 , data storage  112 , and a power supply  114  all of which may be connected directly or indirectly via a system bus or other known circuitry  116 . The one or more microphones  106  may include combinations of one or more omnidirectional and directional microphones so that the hearing prosthesis  102  can be configured to process background sounds and/or to focus on sounds from a specific direction, such as generally in front of the prosthesis recipient. Further, the power supply  114  supplies power to various components of the hearing prosthesis  102  and may be any suitable power supply, such as a non-rechargeable or rechargeable battery. In one example, the power supply  114  is a battery that can be recharged wirelessly, such as through inductive charging. Such a wirelessly rechargeable battery would facilitate complete subcutaneous implantation of the hearing prosthesis  102  to provide a fully-implantable prosthesis. A fully implanted medical device, such as a fully implanted hearing prosthesis, has the added benefit of enabling the recipient to engage in activities that expose the recipient to water or high atmospheric moisture, such as swimming, showering, saunaing, etc., without the need to remove, disable or protect, such as with a water/moisture proof covering or shield, the medical device. A fully implanted medical device also spares the recipient of stigma, imagined or otherwise, associated with use of the medical device. 
     The data storage  112  may include any suitable volatile and/or non-volatile storage components. Further, the data storage  112  may include computer-readable program instructions and perhaps additional data. In some embodiments, the data storage  112  may store data and instructions used to perform at least part of the herein-described methods and algorithms and/or at least part of the functionality of the systems described herein. 
     Various modifications can be made to the hearing prosthesis  102  illustrated in  FIG. 1  without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure, for example, the prosthesis may include additional or fewer components arranged in any suitable manner. Further, depending on the type and design of the hearing prosthesis  102 , the illustrated components may be enclosed within a single operational unit or distributed across multiple operational units (e.g., two or more internal units or an external unit and an internal unit). 
     Generally, in use, the microphone(s)  106  are configured to receive external acoustic signals  120  and the processor  108  is configured to analyze and encode the acoustic signals into output signals  122  for application to the implant recipient via the output signal interface  110 . 
     More particularly, in embodiments where the hearing prosthesis  102  is a cochlear implant, the microphone(s)  106  may be configured to receive external acoustic signals  120 , and the processor  108  may be configured to analyze and encode the acoustic signals into electrical stimulation output signals  122  for application to an implant recipient&#39;s cochlea via the output signal interface  110 , which may include an array of electrodes, for example. In one example, the hearing prosthesis  102  is a cochlear implant similar or identical to a Cochlear™ Nucleus® hearing prosthesis. 
     In embodiments where the hearing prosthesis  102  is an acoustic hearing aid, the microphone(s)  106  may be configured to receive acoustic signals  120 , and the processor  108  may be configured to analyze and encode the acoustic signals into acoustic output signals  122  for applying to a recipient&#39;s ear via the output signal interface  110  comprising a speaker, for example. 
     For embodiments where the hearing prosthesis  102  is a bone anchored device, the microphone(s)  106  may be configured to receive acoustic signals  120 , and the processor  108  may be configured to analyze and encode the acoustic signals into mechanical vibration output signals  122  for applying to the bone anchored device recipient&#39;s skull via the output signal interface  110  that may include a mechanism to transmit sound via direct bone vibrations. In one example, the hearing prosthesis  102  is a bone anchored device similar or identical to a Cochlear™ Baha® bone anchored device. 
     Similarly, for embodiments where the hearing prosthesis  102  is a direct acoustic cochlear stimulation (DACS) device, the microphone(s)  106  may be configured to analyze and encode the acoustic signals  120  into mechanical vibration output signals  122  for applying to the DACS recipient&#39;s inner ear via the output signal interface  110  that may include a mechanism to transmit sound via direct vibration. In addition, for embodiments where the hearing prosthesis  102  is an auditory brain stem implant, the microphone(s)  106  may be configured to analyze and encode the acoustic signals  120  into electrical stimulation output signals  122  for applying to the auditory brain stem implant recipient&#39;s auditory nerve via the output signal interface  110  that may include one or more electrodes. 
     Referring now to the data interface  104 , the interface may be utilized to load a recipient&#39;s program or “MAP” into the prosthesis  102  and stored in the data storage  112 . A recipient&#39;s program or MAP allows the hearing prosthesis to be configured for or fitted to a recipient and generally includes configuration settings and other data that defines how the processor  108  of the prosthesis  102  analyzes and converts acoustic signals  120  received by the microphone(s)  106  to output signals  122  transmitted to the prosthesis recipient via the output signal interface  110 . Typically, a computing device  124  can be used to execute fitting software for a particular hearing prosthesis  102  and load the recipient&#39;s program to the data interface  102  through a communication connection  126 . The communication connection  126  may be any suitable wired connection, such as an Ethernet cable, a Universal Serial Bus connection, a twisted pair wire, a coaxial cable, a fiber-optic link, or a similar physical connection, or any suitable wireless connection, such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and the like. 
     The data interface  104  may also be utilized by the recipient or a third party, such as a guardian of a minor recipient or a health care professional, to control various functions of the hearing prosthesis  102 . The functions may include, for example, turning the prosthesis  102  on and off, adjusting the volume, switching between one or more operating modes, adjusting other audio processing parameters, such as gain, sensitivity, frequency filtering, etc. Operating modes may include, by way of non-limiting examples, a telephone mode for use with a telephone handset or mobile phone, a direct audio mode that connects the prosthesis directly to an audio source, such as a music player, television, public address system, etc., an omnidirectional microphone mode that processes all background sounds received by the microphone(s)  106 , and a directional microphone mode that amplifies or focuses on sounds coming from a specific direction, such as sounds coming from in front of the recipient. 
     In the embodiment of  FIG. 1 , one or more tags  128  may be used by the recipient or third party to communicate with the hearing prosthesis  102  via the data interface  104  and a communication connection  130  to control the various functions of the hearing prosthesis  102 . In one example, the tag(s)  128  are self-contained devices that are able to communicate wirelessly with the data interface  104  without a power source directly coupled thereto. Although in some examples, a power source may be directly coupled to the tag(s)  128 . In one example, the data interface  104  includes a suitable transmitter/receiver for transmitting electrical, magnetic, and/or electromagnetic signals and receiving a return signal induced by the tag(s)  128 . Such return signals may then be processed and interpreted by a processor, such as the processor  108 , to uniquely or generically identify each of the one or more tags  128  and to control one or more functions of the hearing prosthesis  102 . 
     The hearing prosthesis  102  may be programmed by the computing device  124  via the communication connection  126  to the data interface  104  to identify one or more tags  128 , to identify gestures made by the tag(s), as will be described in more detail hereinafter, and to control one or more functions of the hearing prosthesis  102 . Such programming may be performed during a fitting session of the hearing prosthesis  102  to the user or at any other appropriate time to associate the tag(s)  128  with user and the prosthesis  102 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2 , the tag(s)  128  may include a resonant tank circuit  150 , which has, for example, an integrated circuit  152  coupled to an inductor or coil  154  and a capacitor  156 , similar to known tank circuits used as radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The tag(s)  128  may be passive RFID tags that can be read by the data interface  104 , which may include one or more suitable antennas  158 , such as a loop antenna, an open dipole antenna, and the like. In one example, the antenna  158  is a loop antenna with a small number of turns, for example, two turns with a relatively large diameter, which increases detectability of the tag(s)  128  and reduces the power consumption needed to transmit signals therefrom. In another example, the antenna  158  includes multiple antennas arranged in an array, which may facilitate the interpretation of gestures made by the tag(s)  128 , as described in more detail herein. 
     In another example, the tag(s)  128  may include one or more passive resonant circuits  160 . The passive resonant circuit(s)  160  may be formed from an LC circuit, such as the tank circuit  150  including the inductor  154  and the capacitor  156  without the optional integrated circuit  152 . Other passive resonant circuit(s)  160  may include ceramic and/or piezoelectric material resonators, for example, whereby the circuit(s)  160  may be actuated or energized and a resonant frequency of the resonator detected by the antenna(s)  158 , for example. 
     In yet another example, the tag(s)  128  may include one or more magnets  162  and the data interface  104  may include a magnetosensitive element or reader  164  for detecting the presence of the magnet(s). Such magnetosensitive element or reader  162  may include, for example, a hall sensor, a reed switch, and/or a giant magneto-resistive sensor for detecting a magnetic field generated by the magnet(s)  162 . In the present example, the processor  108  is configured to interpret the presence of the magnetic field generated by the magnets  162  to control one or more functions of the prosthesis  102 . 
     In accordance with another example of the present disclosure, the tag(s)  128  are configured to be disposed on a user, such as by being implanted subcutaneously under the skin of the recipient or third party or otherwise attached over the skin of the recipient or third party. For example, in some embodiments, the user may correspond to a recipient&#39;s parent or caregiver. A benefit of the tag(s)  128  being implanted subcutaneously under the skin is that the user can engage in activities that expose the user to water or high atmospheric moisture, such as swimming, showering, saunaing, etc., without the need to remove, disable or protect, such as with a water/moisture proof covering or shield, the tag(s)  128 . Yet another benefit of the tag(s)  128  being implantable subcutaneously under the skin is that the user cannot lose the tag(s) and his or her ability to control the prosthesis  102 . 
     Alternatively, the tag(s)  128  may be disposed on a structure worn, associated with, or attached to a user, such as by being disposed on fingertips of a glove, on one or more rings, on one or more bracelets, incorporated into a watch, coupled to a cellular phone, and the like.  FIG. 3  illustrates an example, where a plurality of tags  128 A,  128 B,  128 C, and  128 D are disposed on or subcutaneously in finger tips of the user&#39;s hand  180 . The tags  128 A- 128 D may be protected by or disposed in a biocompatible layer or housing  182  that allows for the transmission of electrical and/or magnetic fields therethrough. One or more of the tags  128 A- 128 D may be identified uniquely by a hearing prosthesis  202 , for example by a having distinct RFID tags or a magnets with unique magnetic fields. Such unique magnetic fields may be generated by different orientations of the north and south poles of the magnets with respect to fingers of the user and/or by magnets having magnetic fields of different magnitude. The hearing prosthesis  202  of  FIG. 3  illustrates some but not all of the components of  FIG. 1 , it being understood that the prosthesis  202  may include additional components that are not visible in  FIG. 3 . 
     Referring now more particularly to  FIG. 4A  and with further reference to  FIGS. 1-3 , one example method  240  is illustrated for controlling various functions of a hearing prosthesis utilizing one or more RFID or similar tags  128  and a data interface  104  that includes one or more antenna(s)  158 , for example. At a block  242 , the antenna(s)  158  are energized to generate a pulse or a series of pulses, such as RF signal pulses. In one example, a series of pulses having a duration of about 1 ms to about 10 ms are generated about every 100 ms to about every 500 ms. Such periodic pulses help to conserve power consumption by the hearing prosthesis  102 . Thereafter, control passes to a block  244  to control the processor  108  to scan the data interface  104  for any signals induced by the presence of one or more tags  128 . In one example, the pulses generated by the antenna(s)  158  excite the coil  154  of a nearby tag  128  and charge the capacitor  156 , which in turn energizes and powers the IC  152 . The IC  152  then transmits identifying information via the coil  154  to the data interface  104 . In another example, the block  244  can be performed before, during, and/or after the generation of the pulses at the block  242 . Next, control passes to a block  246  and the processor  108  interprets such identifying information to control one or more functions of the prosthesis  102  at a block  248 . Thereafter, the control may loop back to the block  242  to repeat the method  240 . 
     In one non-limiting example of the block  248 , if the unique tag  128 A is identified by the processor  108 , then the processor  108  may turn off the hearing prosthesis  202 . If the unique tag  128 B is identified by the processor  108 , then the processor  108  may turn on the hearing prosthesis  202 . If the unique tag  128 C is identified by the processor  108 , then the processor  108  may turn the volume up on the hearing prosthesis  202 , and if the unique tag  128 D is identified by the processor  108 , then the processor  108  may turn the volume down. 
     Referring now more particularly to  FIG. 4B  and with further reference to  FIGS. 1-3 , another example method  260  is illustrated for controlling various functions of a hearing prosthesis utilizing magnetic or similar tags  128  and one or more magnetosensitive element  164 . At a block  262 , the processor  108  is controlled to scan the data interface  104  for any signals induced by the presence of one or more tags  128 . In one example, a tag  128  brought into proximity of the magnetosensitive element(s)  164  induces a signal that is interpreted by the processor at a block  264 . Control then passes to a block  266  to control one or more functions of the prosthesis  102 ,  202  in accordance with the induced signal. Thereafter, control may loop back to the block  262  to repeat the method  260 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 5 , an example algorithm  300  is illustrated for interpreting signals induced by the tag(s)  128  to control functions of hearing prostheses, such as the hearing prostheses  102 ,  202  disclosed herein. More particularly, the algorithm  300  is adapted to interpret gestures made by one or more tags  128  brought into proximity with the data interface  104 . To facilitate the interpretation of gestures, a processor, such as the processor  108  described above, is configured to interpret signals induced at the data interface  104  by the tag(s)  128  to determine characteristics of movement of such tags, such as a direction of movement, speed, acceleration, etc. To further facilitate the interpretation of gestures, the data interface  104  may include an array of transmitters/receivers, such as an array of antennas  158  and/or an array of magnetosensitive elements or readers  164 . 
     The algorithm  300  begins at a start block  302  and passes to a decision block  304 . The decision block  304  determines if a first tag A, such as the tag  128 A, has induced a signal at the data interface  104 . If so, control passes to a block  306 , which determines if a second tag B, such as the tag  128 B, has also induced a signal at the data interface  104 . If so, control passes to a decision block  308 , which determines if a first gesture has been made with the tags  128 A,  128 B. 
     Generally, a gesture may be characterized by the detection of two or more tags  128  brought into proximity of the hearing prosthesis  102 ,  202  and being generally held stationary for a predetermined time period, such as for between about 0.5 to 1.0 seconds. Alternatively or in conjunction, a gesture may be characterized by the detection of a predetermined movement of one or more tags  128 . The predetermined movement may be a relatively simple linear movement or a complex multi-part series of movements, including non-linear movement and speed and/or direction changes, for example. Consequently, a multitude of different gestures can be used to control any desired function of a hearing prosthesis  102 ,  202  or any other suitable device. The complexity of such gestures may depend, in part, on the dexterity or abilities of the user. For example, for an individual with limited finger dexterity the gestures may be fairly simple, such as bringing one or more tags into proximity of the device for a predetermined time period. For an individual with good finger dexterity the gestures may be more complex and include, for example, non-linear movement, direction changes, tapping motions, etc. 
     Referring again to the decision block  308 , in one example, the tag  128 A is disposed proximate a tip of a recipient&#39;s index finger and the tag  128 B is disposed proximate a tip of a recipient&#39;s middle finger. In the present example, the first gesture is characterized by holding both tags  128 A,  128 B together, bringing them proximate to the data interface  104 , which may be disposed on a side of the recipient&#39;s head, and moving both tags forward generally toward the recipient&#39;s eyes. If the decision block  308  determines that the first gesture is being made, control passes to a block  310  and the prosthesis  102 ,  202  is controlled to implement a function V. In the present example, the function V is to implement a directional microphone mode that amplifies or focuses on sounds coming from in front of the recipient. After the block  310 , control passes back to the start  302 . 
     If the first gesture is not detected at the block  308 , control passes to a decision block  312  to determine if a second gesture has been made with the tags  128 A,  128 B. In the present example, the second gesture is characterized by holding both tags  128 A,  128 B together, bringing them proximate to the data interface  104 , which may be disposed on a side of the recipient&#39;s head, and moving the tags away from each other. If the decision block  312  determines that the second gesture is being made, control passes to a block  314  and the prosthesis  102 ,  202  is controlled to implement a function W. In the present example, the function W is to implement an omnidirectional microphone mode that processes all sounds received by the microphone(s)  106 , including background sounds. Thereafter, control passes back to the start  302 . 
     Referring back to the decision block  306 , if the second tag B is not detected, then control passes to a block  316  and the prosthesis  102 ,  202  is controlled to implement a function X. In the present example, the function X corresponds to only tag A being brought into proximity with the data interface  104 , to turn the prosthesis  102 ,  202  on and off. Thereafter, control passes back to the start  302 . 
     At the decision block  304 , if the tag A has not been detected, control passes to a block  318  to determine if the tag B has been detected. If not, control passes back to the start  302 . If the block  318  detects the tag B, then control passes to a decision block  320  to determine if a third gesture is being made. In the present example, the third gesture is characterized by bringing only the tag B into proximity with the data interface  104  and moving the tag B upwardly. If the decision block  320  determines that the third gesture is being made, control passes to a block  322  and the prosthesis  102 ,  202  is controlled to implement a function Y. In the present example, the function Y is to turn up the volume on the prosthesis  102 ,  202 . Thereafter, control passes back to the start  302 . 
     At the decision block  320 , if the third gesture is not being made, control passes to a decision block  324  to determine if a fourth gesture is being made. In the present example, the fourth gesture is characterized by bringing only the tag B into proximity with the data interface  104  and moving the tag B downwardly. If the decision block  324  determines that the fourth gesture is being made, control passes to a block  326  and the prosthesis  102 ,  202  is controlled to implement a function Z. In the present example, the function Z is to turn down the volume on the prosthesis  102 ,  202 . Thereafter, control passes back to the start  302 . Control also passes back to the start  302  if the decision block  324  determines that the fourth gesture is not being made. 
     In another example, the blocks  320 - 326  may also take into account a length of time that the tag B is held after being moved upwardly or downwardly. In the present example, the length of time that the tag B is held may correspond to a level of the volume increase or decrease and/or may correspond to a speed of the volume increase or decrease. 
     Various modifications may be made to the illustrative example of  FIG. 5  without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. For example, the algorithm  300  may detect the presence of additional or fewer tags and/or gestures. The algorithm  300  may also take into account different characteristics of the gestures to further control different functions of the hearing prosthesis  102 ,  202 . For example, the speed, direction, acceleration, and/or distance traveled of the gestures may be taken into account to control the different functions. Utilizing such characteristics, one or more tags may be used as input devices to control complex functions of the devices and/or to input data to the device. Further, additional, fewer, and/or different functions may be performed in any suitable order in response to the various determinations. 
     In some embodiments, the disclosed features and functions of the systems, methods, and algorithms shown and described herein may be implemented as computer program instructions encoded on a computer readable media in a machine-readable format. 
       FIG. 6  shows an example of an article of manufacture  360  including computer readable media with instructions  362  for controlling one or more functions of a hearing prosthesis  102  in accordance with control signals induced wirelessly by one or more tags  128  disposed on a user.  FIG. 6  shows a schematic illustrating a conceptual partial view of an example article of manufacture  360  that may include computer program instructions  362  for executing a computer process on a computing device, arranged according to at least some embodiments described herein. 
     In some examples, the article of manufacture  360  may include a computer-readable medium  364 , such as, but not limited to, a hard disk drive, a Compact Disc (CD), a Digital Video Disk (DVD), a digital tape, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the article of manufacture  360  may include a computer recordable medium  366 , such as, but not limited to, a hard disk drive, a Compact Disc (CD), a Digital Video Disk (DVD), a digital tape, flash memory, etc. 
     The one or more programming instructions  362  may include, for example, computer executable and/or logic implemented instructions. In some embodiments, a computing device such as the computing device  124  shown and described in  FIG. 1 , alone or in combination with one or more additional processors or computing devices, may be configured to perform certain operations, functions, or actions to implement the features and functionality of the disclosed systems and methods based at least in part on the programming instructions  362 . In still other embodiments, the processor  108  of the prosthesis  102 , alone or in combination with one or more other processors associated with the prosthesis, may be configured to perform various operations, functions, or actions to implement the features and functionality of the disclosed systems and methods based at least in part on the programming instructions  362 . 
     While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims. 
     Further, while various aspects and embodiments of the present disclosure have been described with particular reference to hearing prostheses, the present disclosure contemplates application of the concepts disclosed herein to other types of devices. Such devices may include, for example, other medical devices that may or may not be implanted in a recipient. Some non-limiting examples of such medical devices include pacemakers, cardioverter-defibrillators, drug delivery systems, etc. In addition, the present disclosure may find application in the manipulation and control of non-medical devices, such as audio/video equipment, smartphones, touch pads, household fixtures, and the like. Depending on the device, different functions and/or modes can be controlled utilizing one or more tags. 
     Further, as discussed above, a device, for example, the hearing prosthesis  102  of  FIG. 1 , may be configured to detect the presence of one or more tags  128  brought into proximity with the data interface  104 . The term proximity is a general term and an actual distance between the tag(s)  128  and the data interface  104  needed to detect the tags may depend on the configuration of the tags and the data interface and the specific device. In the example of the hearing prosthesis  102 , the device may be configured such that the data interface  104  will detect the tag(s)  128  when the tag(s) are within about 4 cm or less of the data interface. However, in other examples with other devices, tags may be detected at shorter or farther distances.