Patent Publication Number: US-10327039-B2

Title: Methods, systems and apparatus for providing video transmissions over multiple media

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/854,774, filed May 25, 2004 by Steven M. Casey et al. (the “&#39;774 Application”) and entitled “Methods, Systems and Apparatus for Providing Video Transmissions over Multiple Media,”, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/377,280 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,921,443), entitled “ADSL/DBS NETWORK INTERFACE DEVICE, METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR USING SAME,” and filed Feb. 27, 2003 by Bruce A. Phillips et al. (the “&#39;280 Application”). The &#39;280 Application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/356,364 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,180,988), entitled “PACKET NETWORK INTERFACE DEVICE AND SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ITS USE,” filed Jan. 31, 2003 by Bruce A. Phillips et al.; is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/356,688 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,454,006), entitled “SYSTEMS, METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING A PLURALITY OF TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES,” filed Jan. 31, 2003 by Bruce A. Phillips et al.; is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/356,338 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,537,814), entitled “CONFIGURABLE NETWORK INTERFACE DEVICE AND SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ITS USE,” filed Jan. 31, 2003 by Bruce A. Phillips et al.; is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/367,596, entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DELIVERING A DATA STREAM TO A VIDEO APPLIANCE,” filed Feb. 14, 2003 by Steven M. Casey et al.; and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/367,597 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,433,465), entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROVIDING APPLICATION SERVICES,” filed Feb. 14, 2003 by Steven M. Casey et al., the entire disclosure of each of which is herein incorporated by reference for all purposes. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Embodiments of the invention are related to the provision of telecommunication services, and in particular, to the provision of video and/or data services to a subscriber premises. 
     As telecommunication service providers continually strive to provide additional and/or enhanced services to their subscribers, they increasingly are faced with difficulties relating to the limitations of legacy networks, which often cannot provide the bandwidth necessary for these new services. Merely by way of example, a typical residence often has two twisted pairs of wires servicing the residence from a provider&#39;s central office. One or both of these pairs in the past had been configured as a DSO channel and used to provide traditional (POTS) telephone service. The 56 Kb/s capacity of a DSO channel became a serious limitation to the provisions of new services such as digital telephone service, broadband/video service, etc., however. 
     To address these limitations, service providers have generally followed one (or both) of two paths. First, the providers have, in some cases, upgraded the media of their networks (e.g., replacing copper wire with optical fiber). Second, the providers have attempted to develop new technologies to allow the existing media to support higher bandwidth transmissions. The integrated service digital network (ISDN) and digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies represent two such advances. Unfortunately, both upgrade paths have limitations of their own: While providers have significantly upgraded the media in their core networks, upgrading the “last mile” between a central office and a subscriber location has remained prohibitively expensive. Additionally, while new technologies such as ISDN and DSL have allowed the more efficient use of the existing last mile infrastructure, such technologies are heavily dependent on the proximity of the subscriber location to the central office and the quality of the wiring, and even under optimal circumstances, these technologies have begun to impose limitations on newer services. 
     For example, one variety of DSL is known in the art as very high rate DSL (vDSL), and under certain circumstances, it can provide sufficient downstream bandwidth (e.g., from the provider to the subscriber) to support traditional broadband video services. Unfortunately, however, vDSL service is often infeasible due to constraints such as subscriber proximity, etc., and other forms of DSL service often are unable to provide the bandwidth needed to transmit video signals, especially as high definition television (HDTV) becomes more prevalent. 
     In the past, some providers have attempted to multiplex two ISDN channels to provide a single, higher-bandwidth connection between a central office and a subscriber location. Such solutions provide a limited remedy, however, because they operate at a physical layer and therefore are unable to provide much of the functionality required to support modern telecommunication services. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     Various embodiments of the invention provide novel apparatus, methods and systems for providing relatively high-speed bandwidth to enable, inter alia, video transmission services over media previously unable to support such services. In accordance with certain embodiments, a device located at the telecommunication service provider can logically couple two or more physical media to provide a single, consolidated source of bandwidth, which can be used to transmit data, which can represent a video signal. In accordance with other embodiments, a device located at the subscriber&#39;s location can be used to receive the data from each of the two physical media and recreate the video signal from the data, such that the video signal can be transmitted to a display device, such as a television, monitor, etc. 
     Merely by way of example, one set of embodiments provides a system for providing video services to a subscriber location. The system can comprise a plurality of communication lines, including, merely by way of example, a first communications line in communication with a subscriber location and a second communications line in communication with a subscriber location. The system may also comprise a video distribution device, which may be in communication with the first and/or second communication lines. In some embodiments, the video distribution may be located at a telecommunication provider&#39;s head end facility, local office, etc. In other embodiments, the video distribution device may be a DSLAM, optical network unit, etc. 
     In various embodiments, the video distribution device may comprise a processor and/or one or more communications interfaces in communication with the processor. Merely by way of example, a first communications interface may be in communication with the processor and further in communication with the first and second communications lines. In other embodiments, the first communications interface may be in communication with the processor and the first communications line, and a second communications interface may be in communication with the processor and the second communications line. The video distribution device may also include a storage medium in communication with the processor, and the first storage medium may comprise instructions executable by the first processor to receive and/or access a video transmission. The instructions may, in some cases, be further executable to divide the video transmission into a plurality of logical blocks, such that each logical block represents a portion of the video transmission, and/or allocate the plurality of logical blocks into a first stream of logical blocks and a second stream of logical blocks. 
     There may be further instructions executable by the processor to transmit the first and/or second streams of logical blocks using the first communications interface. In particular embodiments, the first stream of logical blocks may be transmitted via the first communications line, and/or the second stream of logical blocks may be transmitted via the second communications line. 
     In other embodiments, the system may additionally comprise a video reception device, which may be located at the subscriber location. In certain embodiments, the video reception device may comprise a communications interface, which can be in communication with the first and/or second communications lines and which can be configured to receive the first and second streams of logical blocks. The video reception device may also comprise a processor in communication with the second communications interface and/or a storage medium in communication with the second processor. The storage medium may comprise instructions executable by the second processor to combine the first and second streams of logical blocks into a combined set of logical blocks, and/or the combined set of logical blocks may comprise the video transmission. The video reception device optionally can include a television interface, and the storage medium may include further instructions executable to transmit the video transmission via the television interface. 
     In some implementations, the video reception device&#39;s interface may be a plurality of interfaces, and/or each of the plurality of interfaces may be in communication with one or more of the communication lines. Likewise, the video distribution device&#39;s interface may be a plurality of interfaces and/or each of these plurality of interfaces may be in communication with one or more of the communication lines. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the system may also feature an intermediary device, which may be configured to provide communication between the video distribution device and the first and second communications lines. The intermediary device can comprise a communications interface in communication with a third communication line, which may be in communication with video distribution device (and, in particular cases, with the video distribution device&#39;s communication interface). The intermediary device may also comprise one or more additional communications interfaces, which can be in communication with the first and/or second communications lines. In various embodiments, the intermediary device can be, inter alia, a DSLAM and/or an optical network unit. 
     Another set of embodiments provides video distribution devices, which can be used, inter alia, to provide video services to a subscriber location. An exemplary video distribution device may comprise a processor and one or more communications interfaces in communication with the processor and further in communication with one or more communications lines. Merely by way of example, in some embodiments, a communications interface may be configured to communicate with a first communications line and a second communications line. In other embodiments, a first communications interface may be configured to communicate with a first communications line, and a second communications interface may be configured to communicate with a second communications line. 
     In some embodiments, the video distribution device may further comprise a storage medium, which may comprise instructions executable by the processor to receive and/or access a video transmission. The instructions may be further executable to divide the video transmission into a plurality of logical blocks, such that each logical block represents a portion of the video transmission and/or to allocate the plurality of logical blocks into a first stream of logical blocks and a second stream of logical blocks. The first stream of logical blocks may be transmitted via the first communications line (e.g. using the communications interface and/or the first communications interface, depending on the embodiment), and/or the second stream of logical blocks may be transmitted via the second communications line (e.g. using the communications interface and/or the second communications interface, depending on the embodiment). 
     Yet another set of embodiments provides video reception devices, which can be used, inter alia, to provide video services to a subscriber location. An exemplary video reception device can include a communications interface, which may be configured to receive a first stream of logical blocks and a second stream of logical blocks. In some embodiments, the video reception device can also comprise a television interface, which may be configured to transmit a television signal to a monitor for viewing and/or a processor in communication with the communications interface and the television interface. Other embodiments will include a storage medium in communication with the processor, and the storage medium may comprise instructions executable by the processor to combine the first and second streams of logical blocks into a combined set of logical blocks. The combined set of logical blocks may comprise a video transmission, and the processor may have further instructions to transmit the video transmission via the television interface. 
     A further set of embodiments provides methods for providing video services to a subscriber residence. One such method is a method of providing video service via a plurality of communications lines, wherein each of the plurality of communications lines, on its own, has insufficient bandwidth to provide the video service. The method can comprise providing a video transmission and providing a plurality of communications lines. Each of the plurality of communications lines may be configured to provide communication with a video reception device located at the subscriber location. In some embodiments, the method can further comprise segmenting the video transmission into a plurality of information sets. Each of the plurality of information sets may comprise a portion of the information needed to provide the video service, and the method may further include queuing the plurality of information sets for transmission, transmitting a first information set via a first communications line and/or transmitting a second information set via a second communications line. In some embodiments, the first and/or second information sets may be received at the video reception device and/or the first and second information sets may be combined to form a combined information set. The combined information set can comprise the video transmission. 
     Other embodiments provide methods of providing a video transmission from a video provider to a subscriber location. One such method can comprise providing a first communications line having a first bandwidth and/or providing a second communications line having a second bandwidth. Each of the first and/or second communications lines may be configured to provide communications between the video provider and the subscriber. In some embodiments, the method can further comprise dividing a video transmission into a plurality of logical blocks, such that each logical block represents a portion of the video transmission, and/or allocating the plurality of logical blocks into a first stream of logical blocks and a second stream of logical blocks. In some cases, the first stream of logical blocks can be transmitted via the first communications line, and/or the second stream of logical blocks can be transmitted via the second communications line. 
     In particular embodiments, each of the plurality of logical blocks may have the same size, and/or at least two of the plurality of logical blocks may have different sizes. In some cases, the size of each of the plurality of logical blocks may depend on the first and/or second bandwidths. In certain implementations, additional information may be added to some or all of the logical blocks. The additional information may include sequence information, timing information, etc., and/or the information in the logical blocks may be interpreted and/or used to combine the first and second streams of logical blocks into a combined set of blocks, which may comprise the video transmission. In other embodiments, a timing signal may be transmitted. 
     Depending on the embodiment, the video transmission may be buffered prior to dividing the video transmission into a plurality of logical blocks. Alternatively and/or in addition, at least one of the plurality logical blocks may be buffered, e.g., prior to allocating the at least one of the plurality of logical blocks. In some cases, the logical blocks may be queued for transmission and/or encapsulated into data packets. The data packets may comprise IP packets. 
     In some cases, a distribution network may be provided. The distribution network may include the first and second communications lines and may further comprise an intermediary device in communication with these communications lines. The distribution network may include a third communications line in communication with the intermediary device. (Any of the communications lines may comprise a variety of media, including, inter alia, a DSL line, a satellite transmission, a cable television distribution line, an ISDN line, optical fiber, twisted pair telephone line, etc. In particular, some of the communications lines may comprise an ATM network and/or a PSTN.) At least a portion of the video transmission may be transmitted to the intermediary device via the third communications line prior to dividing the video transmission into a plurality of logical blocks. Alternatively and/or in addition, the first and second streams of logical blocks may be transmitted to the intermediary device and/or received at the intermediary device, the first stream of logical blocks may be transmitted via the first communications line, and/or the second stream of logical blocks may be transmitted via the second communications line. 
     In various embodiments, some methods may further comprise providing at the subscriber location a video reception device, which may be in communication with the first and second communications lines, and/or receiving at the video reception device the first and/or second streams of logical blocks (e.g., via the first and/or second communications lines). Further, in some cases, the first and second streams of blocks may be combined into a combined set of blocks, the combined set of blocks comprising the video transmission. The video transmission may be transmitted to a display device (computer monitor, television, etc.) for viewing. 
     Optionally, at least a portion of the video transmission may be buffered, and/or the video transmission may be converted to a standard television format prior to transmitting the video transmission to a display device for viewing. In some cases, buffering at least a portion of the video transmission comprises buffering at least a portion of the first stream of logical blocks while receiving at least a portion of the second stream of logical blocks. 
     In various embodiments, a video reception device may comprise a set-top box and/or an integrated network interface device. In other embodiments, the video transmission may comprise a digital video transmission, an MPEG file, etc. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the present invention may be realized by reference to the figures, which are described in the remaining portion of the specification. In the figures, like reference numerals are used throughout several figures to refer to similar components. In some instances, a reference numeral may have an associated sub-label consisting of a capital letter to denote one of multiple similar components. When reference is made to a reference numeral without specification of a sub-label, the reference is intended to refer to all such multiple similar components. 
         FIGS. 1A-1G  illustrate systems for using demarcation devices according to certain embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 2A  illustrates a network interface device according to certain embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 2B  is a cross-sectional drawing further illustrating the network interface device of  FIG. 2A . 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic drawing illustrating a processing system that can be included in a network interface device according to certain embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a distributed network interface device according to certain embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a network interface device providing a variety of telecommunication services to a customer premises according to certain embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a method of providing telecommunication services using a demarcation device, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 7  is a conceptual drawing of a network interface device that can be coupled to a fiber optic cable and used to provide telecommunication services, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 8  is a conceptual drawing of a network interface device that can be coupled to a coaxial cable and used to provide telecommunication services, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 9  is a conceptual drawing of a network interface device that can be coupled to a variety of different external transport media and used to provide telecommunication services, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 10  is a conceptual drawing of a network interface device that can provide video and data services to a customer premises, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 11  illustrates system that can provide video services to a customer premises, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention. 
         FIG. 12  illustrates a method of providing video services to a customer premises, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Certain embodiments of the present invention are directed to demarcation devices that can be used to provide telecommunication services, as well as to methods and systems of using such devices. A demarcation device can be any device capable of serving as an interface between a customer premises and a telecommunication service provider&#39;s network. Such devices can include, merely by way of example, set top boxes (which can be used, inter alia, as an interface between a customer&#39;s video appliance and a provider&#39;s video network), broadband modems (including xDSL modems, cable modems and wireless modems, each of which can be used to provide video and/or data to a customer premises), integrated access devices (which can, for instance, translate between Voice over IP (“VoIP”) signals and traditional telephone signals, thus allowing traditional telephones to connect to a VoIP network), devices compatible with the session initiation protocol (“SIP”) familiar to those skilled in the art, and/or the like. One particular demarcation device is a network interface device (“NID”), described in detail below. In certain aspects, demarcation devices can be used to separate received telecommunication information into discrete sets, and optionally to process certain of those sets independently from other sets and/or transmit different sets to different locations, perhaps through the use of different interfaces. 
     As used herein, references to the term “telecommunication information” should be interpreted to include any information that can be transmitted or carried by a telecommunication service provider&#39;s network (e.g., the Public Switched Telephone Network or “PSTN”) or by any other telecommunication network, including but not limited to the Internet. Such information includes, for example, voice signals (e.g., Plain Old Telephone Service or “POTS,” as the term is known to those skilled in the art), audio and video signals (encoded in any standard and/or proprietary, digital and/or analog format now known or hereafter developed, using any of a variety of means known to those skilled in the art, such as HDTV, NTSC and PAL formatting, as well as, for example, any of the MPEG digital encoding and/or compression algorithms), and data. Such data can be formatted according any of a variety of protocols familiar in the art, including in particular any of the protocols known in the art as part of the TCP/IP suite, in particular the Internet Protocol (“IP”). Data can also include infrastructural protocols, including, for instance, routing protocols and protocols necessary to implement advanced networking schemes known to those skilled in the art, such as multiprotocol label switching (“MPLS”), Ethernet in the first mile (“EFM”), to name but two 
     In this document, the term “telecommunication service provider” can mean any entity that provides telecommunication service to a customer&#39;s premises, including, merely by way of example, incumbent local exchange carriers, competitive local exchange carriers, cable television carriers, and satellite providers, to name a few. In contrast, the term “telecommunication information provider,” means any entity that is capable of serving as a source of telecommunication information. In many cases, a particular entity may be considered both a telecommunication service provider and a telecommunication information provider, for instance, when a local exchange carrier provides Internet service to a customer, as well as the external transport medium attached to that customer&#39;s premises. In other cases, the two may be separate entities. For instance, according to certain embodiments of the invention, a cable television provider could contract with a local exchange carrier to provide broadcast television signals to a customer premises using the local exchange carrier&#39;s network and/or an external transport medium operated by the local exchange carrier. 
     The term “telecommunication information set” is used to describe a discrete subset of the telecommunication information transmitted across a particular transport medium and/or received by a demarcation device. Generally, the telecommunication information that is classified part of a particular information set shares a common characteristic. Merely by way of example, an information set can comprise telecommunication information of a particular type (e.g., voice, IP data, encoded video, and such), information associated with a particular application (e.g., information assigned to a specific IP port, as is known in the art, or information used by a particular software and/or hardware program), information addressed to or received from a particular device or network segment, information received within a particular reception window, and the like. Merely by way of example, a demarcation device might transmit simultaneously a first information set comprising video signals, a second information set comprising Internet data, and a third information set comprising information associated with an online gaming application. 
     In certain embodiments, demarcation devices can support the one-way flow of telecommunication information, as for example, in the case of a simple set top box, which can receive data representing a video signal, decode that data, and transmit a video signal to an attached television. In other embodiments, however, demarcation devices can support bidirectional flow of telecommunication information. For example, an xDSL modem allows the transmission of data both to and from a customer premises. In still other embodiments, a demarcation device can be configured to support both unidirectional and bidirectional information flows simultaneously, depending on the type of telecommunication information transmitted or the source of the information. 
     In one important aspect, demarcation devices can function to isolate the telecommunication service provider&#39;s network from the network at the customer premises. As described in detail below, the service provider&#39;s network can be thought of as an “external transport medium,” while the customer&#39;s network can be termed an “internal transport medium.” Both external transport media and internal transport media are types of “transport media,” a term used in this document to describe any cable, wire or other medium capable of carrying telecommunication information, including, but not limited to, twisted pair copper wiring (shielded or unshielded, including, for example, unshielded cables complying with industry-standard categories 3, 5, 5e, 6 and 7 and shielded cables commonly known as Token Ring™ cables, to name a few), optical fiber (including both single-mode and multimode fiber, as well as doped fiber, wavelength-division multiplexed, coarse wavelength-division multiplexed, wide wavelength-division multiplexed, dense wavelength-division and ultra-dense wavelength-division multiplexed fiber) and coaxial cable. 
     Other examples of transport media can also include universal serial bus (“USB”) cable, cable complying with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers&#39; (“IEEE”) 1394 standard, as well as any medium capable of complying with the many local area networking standards known in the art. Of course, a transport medium need not be a physical medium; it can also comprise any of a wide variety of wireless transmissions, including (but not limited to) infra-red transmissions, radio frequency (“RF”) transmissions, and transmissions complying with standards developed by any of the IEEE&#39;s working groups governing wireless communication (e.g., the 802.11, 802.15, 802.16 and 802.20 working groups). Similarly, a transport medium can comprise other wireless technologies, such as point-to-point microwave, including local multipoint distribution system (“LMDS”), microwave multipoint distribution system and/or multipoint multi-channel distribution system (collectively, “MMDS”) transmissions, and satellite, cellular/PCS, and/or ultra wideband transmissions, to name a few. 
     In certain embodiments, a demarcation device can act as an active demarcation point, serving to isolate the external transport medium from the internal transport medium (perhaps via an isolation device, discussed below), such that operational changes in one network do not affect the other network. “Operational changes” can include any changes in the structure, topology, format, protocol, bandwidth, media and/or other operational parameters of a network. This feature can provide many benefits; for instance, the demarcation device can serve as a disclosed interface between a customer premises and a provider&#39;s network, allowing the provider to implement changes in its network without disrupting the service provided to the customer. 
     Likewise, the isolation of the internal transport medium from the external transport medium can allow for any variety of customer premise equipment (“CPE”) (which can be any device that sends, receives or otherwise utilizes telecommunication information) to be used at the customer premises without fear that the appliance might be incompatible with a particular telecommunication service provider&#39;s standards. Moreover, a demarcation device might serve to couple a plurality of external and/or internal transport media, allowing interoperation among them all, and provide the same isolation features among all of these media. 
     In this way, certain aspects of the demarcation devices can allow for sales of a wide variety of CPE on a consumer electronics model, instead of the proprietary model necessitated by many of today&#39;s telecommunication networks, where, for example, differing implementations of xDSL among providers virtually force consumers to purchase modems supplied or approved by a particular provider to ensure compatibility between the modem and the provider&#39;s xDSL implementation. By isolating the topologies of the external and internal transport media, embodiments of the present invention can create a disclosed interface between the provider&#39;s network and the customer&#39;s network, allowing much greater flexibility in both the provider&#39;s networking options and the customer&#39;s choice of telecommunication appliances. Those skilled in the art will recognize that these and many other benefits can flow from embodiments of the invention. 
     In accordance with other embodiments, the isolation abilities of demarcation devices also can allow a demarcation device to serve as an insulator between different transport media coupled to the internal and external transport media in order, for instance to prevent unwanted telecommunication information from one network from entering the other network. For instance, a demarcation device in accordance with particular embodiments can serve to prevent propagation of certain telecommunication information from an internal network (including particular signals or frequencies) into one or more external transport media, preventing interference in the internal transport medium from interfering with the telecommunication service provider&#39;s network. In similar fashion, demarcation devices can prevent the contamination of the internal transport medium with unwanted information from the external medium, interference between two or more external transport media coupled to a demarcation device, and unwanted interference or crosstalk between multiple internal media. 
     The ability of a demarcation device to isolate the internal transport medium from the external transport medium also allows demarcation devices in some embodiments to be used to provide enhanced security for the customer and/or control customer access to certain features or services. For instance, those skilled in the art will recognize that a demarcation device can prevent unauthorized access (by a telecommunication service provider and/or a third party) to the customer&#39;s data network, or can screen or filter telecommunication information entering or leaving the customer&#39;s premises, enabling features like parental controls on incoming and outgoing information, as well as the filtering of outgoing sensitive information (such as credit card information and the like). 
     Further, according to certain embodiments, the demarcation device, as the consolidation point for all telecommunication information entering or leaving the customer premises, can provide a variety of enhanced features to the entire premises, including things like caller identification, premises-wide telephone, video and data distribution, content (e.g., video, audio or data) on demand, and the like. These and other features of the demarcation devices also allow for a variety of new and useful telecommunication applications to be provided to customers. Details about some exemplary applications are discussed below; given the disclosure herein, those skilled in the art can appreciate the wide variety of such applications that are possible using various embodiments of the invention. 
     Those skilled in the art will recognize that, in certain cases, it may be desirable to provide a particular levels of service to a customer premises. Such quality of service (“QoS”) considerations can include, for instance, a guaranteed bandwidth to a certain application or device, such as in the case of streaming video and/or audio applications. Another consideration for some telecommunication applications can be latency rates; for example, a low latency rate may be desirable in order to maintain the fidelity of voice communications. For these and other reasons, demarcation devices, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, can be configured to identify, enforce and/or maintain QoS levels and/or requirements. 
     Merely by way of example, in certain cases, demarcation devices can provide signal strength enhancement functions, which can vary according to the information transmitted and/or media used. For instance, an amplifier can be supplied in a demarcation device to enhance the strength of analog signals. With respect to digital signals, a regenerator can be employed in a demarcation device to enhance signal strength. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a wide variety of signal strength enhancement devices can be used in accordance with embodiments of the invention. 
     In other embodiments, demarcation devices can accommodate/provide various service levels, which, in some cases, can correspond to various service classes in an asynchronous transfer mode network. For instance, a demarcation device can support undefined bit rate transmissions, available bit rate transmissions, variable bit rate (both real-time and near real-time) transmissions, and constant bit rate transmissions, to name a few. Thus, for instance, a demarcation device can provide undefined bit rate transmission services to a data application, real-time variable bit rate transmission services for voice applications, and constant bit rate transmission services for video applications. 
     In some aspects, mediating the communications between one or more external transport media and one or more internal transport media can include providing/enforcing these service levels, for instance, regulating a burst data transmission from a computer at the customer premises so as not to impact the constant bit rate needed to provide video service to a television at the customer premises. Those skilled in the art will appreciate, based on the disclosure herein, that certain demarcation devices can also support circuit emulation services (“CES”), allowing the provision of constant bit rate service classes over an ATM network, among other things. 
     Other QoS functions can be supported by various embodiments of demarcation devices as well. For instance, in accordance with certain embodiments, a demarcation device (perhaps incorporating router functionality) can implement the resource reservation protocol (including traffic engineering extensions), (“RSVP” and “RSVP-TE,” respectively) familiar to those skilled in the art, to allow for dedicated bandwidth paths, for instance, between a device at the customer premises and a telecommunication information provider. Other embodiments can support a variety of internetworking technologies and protocols, including, merely by way of example, virtual local area network (“VLAN”) tags, pushing labeled switched paths (“LSP”), and differentiated services (“DIFFSERV”), which can be used, inter alia, to provide necessary levels of service to support various applications and/or types of information sets. 
     Certain embodiments of the invention provide a variety of systems for utilizing demarcation devices. Merely by way of example,  FIGS. 1A-1G  illustrate several such exemplary systems. For instance,  FIG. 1A  illustrates a system  100  for providing telecommunication services using a demarcation device, in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. System  100  includes a distribution point  104  in communication with a demarcation device  108  via external transport medium  112 . In one sense, distribution point  104  can be considered the source of telecommunication information transmitted to customer premises and the recipient of telecommunication information transmitted from customer premises  116 , although, as described below, distribution point  104  often will be neither the ultimate source nor the ultimate recipient of telecommunication information. In certain embodiments, distribution point  104  can be a telecommunication service provider&#39;s local office; in other embodiments, distribution point  104  can be another network element in the service provider&#39;s network, for instance, a remote termination cabinet and/or a digital subscriber line access multiplier (“DSLAM”). In fact, distribution point  104  can be any facility or equipment operated by a telecommunication service provider that is capable of transmitting telecommunication information to, and/or receiving telecommunication information from, a customer premises. 
     In general, distribution points can be classified, inter alia, as discrete distribution points or complex distribution points. With respect to a particular information set, a discrete distribution point often transmits only the necessary or desired information to the NID. In contrast, a complex distribution point can transmit the entire information set to the NID. The contrast may be illustrated with regard to video distribution: A discrete distribution point may perform channel switching (at the request of the demarcation device), encoding and sending only the desired channel information to the demarcation device. In contrast, a complex distribution point might rely upon the demarcation device to perform all channel switching. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that each scheme presents relative advantages and disadvantages. 
     Distribution point  104  can be capable of transmitting and/or receiving any type of telecommunication information to/from demarcation device  108 , and such telecommunication information can be organized into a plurality of telecommunication information sets, as necessary. For ease of description,  FIG. 1A  does not show any additional sources or recipients of telecommunication information in communication with distribution point  104 , but, those skilled in the art will recognize that, in many embodiments, distribution point  104  can be coupled to multiple customer premises (perhaps via a demarcation device at each customer premises) and often is neither the ultimate source nor the ultimate recipient of telecommunication information. Instead, distribution point  104  often can serve as the intermediary between one or more customer premises (e.g.,  116 ) and one or more larger telecommunication networks and/or telecommunication information providers, which, as discussed above, can include cable television networks, telephone networks, data networks, and the like. Further, many such networks (as well as, in some embodiments, distribution point  104 ) can be coupled to the Internet, so that distribution point  104  can serve as a gateway between customer premises and any source and/or recipient of telecommunication information that has a connection to the Internet. The interconnection of telecommunication networks is well known in the art and need not be discussed here, other than to note that distribution point  104  can be configured to transmit telecommunication information to (and receive telecommunication information from) virtually any source or recipient of telecommunication information, through either direct or indirect (e.g., through the Internet) communication. Merely by way of example, a distribution point can transmit video signals received from a television programming provider to customer premises equipment, as described in the applications referenced above. In other embodiments, distribution point  104  can be in communication with one or more other customer locations, allowing for private virtual circuits between customer premises  116  and those locations. 
     In system  100 , demarcation device  108  can serve as the interface between external transport medium  112  and customer premises  116 . As conceptually illustrated in  FIG. 1A , demarcation device  108  can be attached to an external wall of customer premises  116 , which provides many advantages. For instance, if the telecommunication service provider desires to upgrade or otherwise change its network (including, perhaps, modifying external transport medium  112 ), a technician can perform any necessary changes at demarcation device  108  without entering the customer premises. Coupled with the ability of some demarcation devices to isolate the telecommunication service provider&#39;s network from the customer&#39;s premises, this can allow the telecommunication service provider to effect substantial changes in it network without impacting or inconveniencing the customer in any respect. This could, for example, allow the telecommunication service provider to upgrade external transmission medium  112  from a copper twisted pair to optical fiber, without requiring any topological changes inside the customer premises. Of course, demarcation device  108  also may be located at a variety of other locations, for example, within customer premises  116  or at a facility operated by the telecommunication service provider (e.g., distribution point  104 ). As discussed in detail below, a demarcation device may also be divided, with different portions situated at different locations, according to the requirements of the implementation. 
     Demarcation device  108  can communicate with CPE  120  (which can be located inside customer premises  116 ) through internal transport medium  124 , which can comprise any of the media discussed above. In particular, internal transport medium  124  can comprise the existing telephone wiring in customer premises  116  and, in some embodiments, is capable of carrying voice, data and video information, as well, perhaps, as other types of telecommunication information, using any of a variety of multiplexing schemes. For instance, as described in Edward H. Frank and Jack Holloway, “Connecting the Home with a Phone Line Network Chip Set,”  IEEE Micro  (IEEE, March-April 2000), which is incorporated herein by reference, the Home Phoneline Networking Alliance (“HPNA”) standards allow for simultaneous transmission of both voice information and Ethernet frames across twisted-pair copper telephone wiring. The term “consolidated distribution protocol” refers to any transmission protocol or convention that can be used to transmit multiple disparate information types on a shared medium. HPNA can be considered one type of consolidated transmission protocol, as can the related HPNA+ protocol, as well as the HomePlug™ standard, discussed in detail below. Any time multiple discrete information sets are transmitted on a shared/common transport medium (or a shared/common set of transport media), those information sets can be termed, collectively, “combined information sets.” Often, a combined information set will be formatted with a consolidated distribution protocol, although those skilled in the art will recognize that such formatting is not always necessary; different information sets sometimes can share a common medium without needing to be translated with a consolidated transmission protocol. 
     Thus, telecommunication information received by distribution point  104  from any source (for instance, those discussed above) can be transmitted from distribution point  104  through external transport medium  112  to demarcation device  108 . Demarcation device  108  can then transmit the information through internal transport medium  124  to CPE  120 . Likewise, telecommunication information can be transmitted via the reverse path to distribution point  104 , where it can, for instance, be transmitted to an information recipient, such as a service provider (for instance, to request a pay-per-view movie or the like) or across the Internet to a recipient (such as in the case of an email message). 
     In certain embodiments, demarcation device  108  can receive configuration information, in some cases from a control point (e.g.,  128 ), which, in the illustrated embodiment, is associated with distribution point  104 . In certain instances, control point  128  can be software and/or hardware operated by a telecommunication service provider for controlling certain features of the operation of demarcation device  108 . For instance, control point  128  can instruct demarcation device  108  to provide (or cease to provide) a particular telecommunication service (e.g., video distribution) to customer premises  116 , or to control how many information sets and/or transport media demarcation device  108  should accept at any given time. Control point  128  can also provide other direction to demarcation device  108 , including, for instance, instructions to save or record a particular information set (e.g., data representing a movie), such that the information set may quickly (and, in some cases), repeatedly be transmitted to customer premises  116 , allowing the provision of voice, data, video, etc. on demand. Control point  128  can further be used to test the availability, functioning and/or performance of demarcation device  108 , and/or any of the transport media attached thereto. Merely by way of example, control point  128  can be used to perform a loop test, known to those skilled in the art. 
     Often, it may be beneficial to allow the customer to provide configuration information to demarcation device  108 . Thus, in certain embodiments, control point  128  can have a web interface, such that the customer (or any authorized person, such as an employee of the telecommunication service provider or telecommunication information provider) may log on to the web interface and configure options for demarcation device, perhaps resulting in configuration commands being transmitted from distribution point  104  to demarcation device  108 . In other embodiments, control point  128  can be a web interface to demarcation device  108  itself, allowing the customer (or, alternatively, a telecommunication service provider or telecommunication information provider) to configure demarcation device  108  directly. In still other embodiments, control point  128  can communicate with demarcation device through an application programming interface (“API”). Hence, in some aspects, control point  128  can interface with demarcation device  108  through an API. 
     Those skilled in the art will recognize that, in some embodiments, an API can include a set of software, hardware or firmware routines or libraries that may be invoked programmatically to configure or relay information to demarcation device  108 . In that sense, then, control point  128  can be understood to be a program running on a computer (perhaps located at distribution point  104  or customer premises  116 , among other locations) that provides configuration information to demarcation device via using a software API. In other embodiments, however, an API can include a physical interface (perhaps adapted to communicate using any of the transport media discussed herein), that may be accessed remotely and/or locally, for instance, by a service technician. 
     Merely by way of example, a service technician could visit customer premises  116 , attach a laptop computer (or other configuration device) to demarcation device  108 , and upload information to demarcation device  108 , including perhaps both configuration information and other telecommunication information. In still other embodiments, demarcation device  108  can accept configuration information through other means, including merely by way of example, providing a web interface (especially in embodiments where demarcation device  108  is capable of acting as a web server, as discussed below) and/or receiving a specially-formatted electronic message, either of which could be considered a control point in such embodiments. 
     As described below, demarcation device  108  (and/or particular components thereof) can be addressable/and or programmable (e.g., through control point  128 ). As such, demarcation device  108  can include a storage device, which can be any device known to those skilled in the art as one capable of storing information (including, merely by way of example, any of the memory and/or storage devices discussed below), for storing configuration information received from control point  128 . As discussed below, the storage device can also store other telecommunication information. 
     Configuration information can be any set of data or other information that can be interpreted by demarcation device  108  as operational instructions, including, but not limited to, commands to process certain information sets in certain ways (e.g., provide protocol conversion, allow transmission of the information set, deny transmission of the information set, direct transmission on a particular interface, and the like), commands to provide (or cease providing) a particular service (e.g., to provide access to a pay per view movie or an additional telephone line). Thus, in certain aspects, a telecommunication service provider can control the services provided to a customer in several ways. First, the provider can transmit a telecommunication information set to a demarcation device only if the user of that device is authorized to receive the service associated with that information set. Alternatively, the service provider could send one or more services to a customer&#39;s demarcation device regardless of the customer&#39;s authorization to use the services, and rely on the device itself to prevent unauthorized access to those services. 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that certain control methods are more well-suited to certain services than to others. For instance, with respect to cable television services, the same set of information may be broadcast to many households, and the demarcation device is well-suited to control access to those services, allowing for greater efficiency in the providing of such services. In contrast, video on demand services may be controlled at a distribution point (or elsewhere), such that a demarcation device will only receive video on demand information if the customer already has requested (and been authorized to receive) that service, and the demarcation device thus may not need to provide access control functions with respect to that service. 
     According to some embodiments, demarcation device  108  can implement either of these access control schemes, or both in combination, as well as others. Moreover, demarcation device  108  can, in some cases, be configured to support a plurality of schemes transparently, so the customer can, for instance, request a service from demarcation device  108  (perhaps using one of the methods discussed above), and demarcation device can relay that request to the appropriate telecommunication service provider (and/or telecommunication information provider) if necessary, as well as reconfigure itself to allow access to that service, if necessary. Of course, demarcation device  108  also can be configured to take any necessary validating or authenticating action (such as notifying distribution point  104  and/or control point  128  that the service has been requested, and, optionally, receiving a return confirmation that the service has been authorized). 
     In accordance with other embodiments, configuration information sent to demarcation device  108  can include one or more commands to interface with and/or control a particular home fixture in a certain way. The term “home fixture” should be interpreted to mean any outlet, fixture, or device (including without limitation those that function electrically and/or any CPE) that can be intelligently controlled. Home fixtures can include, merely by way of example, any device, outlet, or other equipment that can be included in the “smart home” or “connected home” concepts familiar to those skilled in the art. For instance, configuration information could instruct demarcation device  108  to turn on and/or off certain lights, electrical outlets and/or equipment (perhaps via additional devices), and/or to arm, disarm or otherwise monitor and/or configure a home security system. One skilled in the art, will recognize, moreover, that although termed “home fixtures” for ease of description, home fixtures can easily be located in MDUs and business premises as well. 
     Configuration information can also include operational data such as an IP address, routing information, and the like, to name but a few examples. Configuration information can further include instructions to modify one or more security settings of demarcation device  108 . Merely by way of example, in certain embodiments, demarcation device  108  can include a computer virus scanner, and configuration information can include updated virus definitions and/or heuristics. Likewise, demarcation device  108  often will be configured with access controls (for instance, to prevent unauthorized access through demarcation device  108  by third parties, as described elsewhere in this document), and configuration information can include instructions on how to deal with particular third party attempts to access demarcation device  108  or internal transport medium  124 . Those skilled in the art will recognize as well that some security settings may specify the level of access the customer has to the functions of demarcation device  108 , for instance to prevent unauthorized use of certain telecommunication services, and that these settings also may be modified by received configuration information. 
     Based on the disclosure herein, those skilled in the art will recognize that a wide variety of configuration information can be transmitted to demarcation device  108 , including those examples discussed above. Moreover, some types of configuration information may be sent periodically to demarcation device  108  to ensure that the configuration of demarcation device is current. Those skilled in the art will also recognize that configuration information can, in a sense, be considered a subset of the broader category of telecommunication information. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 1B , system  100 ′ is illustrative of certain embodiments, which can provide multiple demarcation devices  108 A,  108 B at customer premises  116 . As noted above, demarcation device  108 A can be in communication with CPE  120 A through internal transport medium  124 A, and demarcation device  108 B likewise can be in communication with CPE  120 B through internal transport medium  124 B. Demarcation device  108 B can communicate with distribution point  104  through external transport medium  112 B which, as illustrated by  FIG. 1B , can simply be spliced into external transport medium  112 A (for example, using one or more active and/or passive splitting devices, which could be optical, as in a fiber environment, for example, or electrical). If necessary, demarcation devices  108  and/or distribution point  104  can include control logic to prevent unauthorized access by demarcation device  108 A to telecommunication information sent to (or received from) demarcation device  108 B, and vice-versa. In other embodiments, external transport medium  112 B could run directly from demarcation device  108 B to distribution point  104 , or external transport medium  112 B can be omitted, and demarcation device  108 B can be coupled to demarcation device  108 A, which can provide connectivity between demarcation device  108 B and distribution point  104  through external transport medium  112 A. 
     System  100 ′ can be used in a variety of implementations. For instance, if customer premises  116  is a multiple-dwelling unit (“MDU”) or a commercial building, separate demarcation devices can be provided for each separate resident, family and/or tenant (or, alternatively, a single demarcation device, perhaps with more interfaces, can service multiple dwelling or business units). In such implementations, especially when external transport medium  112 B does not directly couple demarcation device  108 B to distribution point  104 , demarcation devices  108 A,  108 B can include security functionality, for example to prevent telecommunication signals intended for CPE  120 A from reaching CPE  120 B and vice-versa. In some embodiments, demarcation devices can provide a variety of such security, encryption and authentication functions. 
     As described above, in certain embodiments, multiple demarcation devices  108 A,  108 B can be daisy-chained together (using any of the telecommunication media discussed herein). This could allow a telecommunication service provider to provide service to additional customers without requiring any additional external transport media (e.g.,  112 B). Similarly, demarcation devices at multiple premises can be coupled together (using wired or wireless transport media), such that if the external transport medium coupled to one of the demarcation devices fails, that device can maintain connectivity to the distribution point through its connection to another demarcation device. A demarcation device in accordance with specific embodiments thus may have an interface for securely connecting to one or more additional demarcation devices (thus, perhaps, forming a mesh network of one or more demarcation devices and/or distribution points), that would allow a particular demarcation device to serve as a conduit between another interface device and a distribution point, without allowing any unauthorized reception of telecommunication information intended for the connected interface device. This secure interface can be included, for instance, in a portion of the demarcation device that is inaccessible to customers, as illustrated in  FIG. 2A  and described below. 
     In other embodiments, a single customer premises might have connections to a plurality of telecommunication service providers. For example, turning now to  FIG. 1C , system  100 ″ includes a distribution point  104 A coupled to demarcation device  108 A and also includes a second distribution point  104 B coupled to demarcation device  108 B via external transport medium  112 B. Merely by way of example, distribution point  104 B could, for example, be associated with a cable television provider, while distribution point  104 A could be associated with a telephone company. Thus, CPE  120 A could be a telephone, and CPE  120 B could be a television. (Of course, it should be noted that both telephone and video signals, as well as other forms of telecommunication information, can be provided through a single distribution point as well.) Further, as illustrated by example system  100 ″, multiple CPE  120 A,  120 C can be coupled to a single demarcation device  108  (either through two internal transport media  124 A,  124 C as illustrated by  FIG. 1C , or through a common internal transport medium, as discussed below). As described above, each demarcation device  108 A,  108 B, can receive configuration information from a control point  128 A,  128 B respectively. 
     In an alternative embodiment, such as, for example system  100 ′″ illustrated on  FIG. 1D , a single demarcation device  108  can provide connectivity to a plurality of distribution points (e.g.,  104 A,  104 B), as well to a plurality of CPE  120 A,  120 B,  120 C. In such an embodiment, demarcation device  108  could include attachments for multiple internal transport media  124 A,  124 B,  124 C and multiple external transport media  112 A,  112 B. Moreover, as illustrated by  FIG. 1D , each distribution point  104 A,  104 B can be associated with a different control point  128 A,  128 B, respectively. In alternative embodiments, a single control point could provide configuration information to demarcation device  108  with respect to both distribution points  104 A,  104 B. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 1E , another exemplary system  100 ″ is presented in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention. In exemplary system  100 ″″, demarcation device  108  can be in communication with distribution point  104 . In turn, distribution point  104  (perhaps operated by a telecommunication service provider) can be in communication with one or more telecommunication information providers  130 A,  130 B. Each telecommunication information provider  130 A,  130 B can be the source or recipient of one or more telecommunication information sets (each of which can be associated with a particular telecommunication service), each of which can be transmitted to (or received from) distribution point  104 . Distribution point  104  can also transmit these information sets to (or received them from) demarcation device  108 , via external transport medium  112 . As discussed below, demarcation device  108  can be capable of processing a plurality of such information sets in a variety of ways. 
     In certain embodiments, each telecommunication information provider  130 A,  130 B can have an individual control point  128 B,  128 C. In some such embodiments, control points  128 B,  128 C can be in communication with demarcation device  108  via distribution point  104 , or, alternatively, could have a separate means of communication with demarcation device  108  (e.g., via a modem and telephone line). Thus, in some embodiments, demarcation device  108  can receive configuration information from each control point  128 B,  128 C. As discussed above, configuration information can direct the behavior of demarcation device  108 , in particular with respect to how to handle telecommunication information received from, or sent to, the associated telecommunication information provider. 
     In some embodiments, demarcation device  108  can be configured to accept configuration information related only to the telecommunication information and/or services provided by the telecommunication information provider sending the configuration information. In this way, demarcation device can be protected against inadvertent (or malicious) misconfiguration, which could interrupt a telecommunication service provided by another telecommunication information provider. Likewise, demarcation device  108  could be configured to automatically request updated configuration information from control point  108 A associated with distribution point  104  in the case of misconfiguration, and control point  108 A could maintain a master set of configuration information to be able to accommodate such a request. 
     In other embodiments, telecommunication information providers  130 A,  130 B may not have an associated control point. In such embodiments, telecommunication information providers  130 A,  130 B can send configuration information to control point  128 A (perhaps via distribution point  104 A), and control point  128 A can relay that configuration information to demarcation device  108  (again, perhaps through distribution point  104 ). In this way the telecommunication service provider can control which configuration information is transmitted to demarcation device  108 . 
     In certain embodiments, demarcation device  108  can submit a request for configuration information to one or more control points  128 A,  128 B,  128 C, perhaps via distribution point  104 . Such a request might be made, if, for instance, the customer would like to watch a pay per view movie. The appropriate control point (e.g.,  128 B) could then provide the proper configuration information to demarcation device as described above, and the configuration information could enable demarcation device to transmit the movie to customer premises  116 . 
     As exemplified by system  132  on  FIG. 1F , embodiments of the invention enable a single demarcation device  108  to serve multiple CPE  134 A-F, each of which can be a different appliance, at a single customer premises  136 . For instance, CPE  134 A can be a computer with an Ethernet interface, CPE  134 B can be a telephone, CPE  134 C can be a video game system, CPE  134 D can be a set-top box attached to a television, CPE  134 E can be a computer with an HPNA interface, and CPE  134 F can be a laptop computer equipped with a wireless network card. 
     Also as illustrated by system  132 , demarcation device  108  can support multiple network topologies. For instance, demarcation device  132  can serve as a hub for a point-to-point network topology, with multiple point-to-point connections to CPE  134 A,  134 B via internal transport media  138 A,  138 B, respectively. In addition, demarcation device  132  can support a bus topology, as illustrated by internal transport medium  140 , which can connect demarcation device  132  to CPE  134 C,  134 D,  134 E. Demarcation device  108  can also be equipped with a wireless transmitter  142  for communication with wireless-capable CPE  134 F. In this way, demarcation device  108  can support a wide variety of networking media in customer premises  136 , including the existing telephone, satellite, cable, and network wiring. For instance, the existing telephone wiring in most homes is arranged in a bus topology, as is most coaxial cable (for instance RG6 or RG59) installed by cable television providers, although each may, in some implementations, be wired using a star topology. In contrast, many homes also have 10Base-T Ethernet networks, which sometimes require a central hub. As used herein, the term “10Base-T” can be understood to include newer implementations of Ethernet over unshielded twisted pair wiring, including, for instance, 100 megabit Ethernet (100Base-T, 100VG-AnyLAN, etc.) and gigabit Ethernet (1000Base-T) standards. Demarcation device  108  can support these and other network topologies, serving as the hub in a 10Base-T network if necessary. 
       FIG. 1G  illustrates another exemplary system  150  for using a demarcation device  152  in an xDSL implementation, according to certain embodiments of the invention. In some embodiments, distribution point  154  can comprise a host digital terminal  156  coupled by transport medium  158  to DSLAM  160 . (As noted above, however, in other embodiments, DSLAM  160  or other equipment can be considered the distribution point.) Host digital terminal  156  can be coupled to any of a variety of data sources and/or recipients, either directly, or indirectly (e.g., through the provider&#39;s network and/or the Internet). In the illustrated embodiment, transport medium can be a Synchronous Optical NETwork (“SONET”) link (e.g., OC-3, OC-12, etc.), although those skilled in the art will recognize that other suitable transport media may be substituted. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, distribution point  154  also comprises a central office shelf  162  in communication with the PSTN, as well with an asynchronous transfer mode (“ATM”) network  166 , either of which can provide connectivity to any of the variety of data sources and/or recipients discussed above. In certain embodiments, shelf  162  is, in turn, coupled to fiber distribution panel  168 , which is connected by transport medium  170  to a digital loop carrier remote termination cabinet  172 . Remote termination cabinet  172  can also be coupled to DSLAM  160  by transport medium  174 , which may be routed through serving area interface  176 . In effect, transport medium  174  can carry one or more POTS information sets, and transport medium  158  can carry one or more non-POTS (in this case xDSL) information sets. 
     As illustrated, these two information sets can be combined at DSLAM  160 , which is in communication with serving area interface  176  through transport medium  178 . Serving area interface  176  can coupled to demarcation device  152  by transport medium  180 , and in the illustrated embodiment, demarcation device  152  is fixedly attached to an exterior wall at customer premises  182 . Demarcation device can then be coupled via one or more internal transport media  184 A-I to a variety of CPE, including without limitation a television set  186 , a video phone  188 , an IP-compatible set-top box  190 , an analog (POTS) telephone  192 , an IP-compatible phone  194 , and a personal computer  196 . In this way, a demarcation device can be used to provide a plurality of telecommunication services to a customer premises. 
     As alluded to above, a NID is one type of demarcation device that can serve as the interface between an external transport medium and an internal transport medium. Generally, a NID can incorporate all of the functionality of the demarcation devices discussed above. In addition, in accordance with some embodiments, a network interface device also can offer enhanced functionality in the provision of telecommunication services, as described below. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 2A , one exemplary embodiment of a MD  200  is illustrated. In the illustrated embodiment, NID  200  comprises a clamshell design, with a lid portion  204  and a body portion  208  connected by hinges  212 A,  212 B. Turning now to  FIG. 2B , it can be seen that body portion comprises a network area  216  and a customer area  220 . Generally, network area  216  is adapted to receive a cover and is designed generally to be accessible only to personnel authorized by the telecommunication service provider. In contrast, when NID  200  is open, the customer can access customer area  220  to add or remove components as desired. In this and other ways, NID serves to isolate the telecommunication service provider&#39;s network from the customer&#39;s network, as described above. As discussed below, lid portion  204  can contain a processing system (not shown in  FIG. 2B ) 
     Returning to  FIG. 2A , NID  200  can include a first interface  228  for communicating with the provider&#39;s external transport medium. Those skilled in the art will recognize that, in some embodiments, as described above, the external transport medium can be the twisted-pair copper “local loop” running from the customer&#39;s premises to the telecommunication service provider&#39;s local office, and interface  228  can allow for the attachment of the local loop to NID  200 . As discussed above, in other embodiments, the external transport medium can be any of a variety of other media, including satellite transmissions, wireless transmissions, coaxial cable. In fact, in certain embodiments, the external transport medium can comprise multiple transport media (of the same or different types), for which NID  200  could include multiple interfaces. In some such embodiments, NID  200  can function to logically couple or bond a plurality of external transport media to one another, seamlessly increasing the bandwidth available to the customer premises. For instance, a customer premises might have a satellite link to one telecommunication service provider and an ADSL link to another provider, and NID  200  could combine or multiplex these two links to provide an apparent single, higher-bandwidth to the customer premises. Similarly, those skilled in the art will recognize that, in certain of these embodiments, a particular external transport medium (for instance, a satellite link) may be more well-suited to one way transmission of telecommunication information; in such cases, NID  200  could use a second external transport medium (for instance, an ADSL link) to allow transmission in the other direction. 
     Interface  228  can be coupled to a discrimination device  232 , which can be operative to separate information sets received on interface  228  (and, conversely, aggregate information sets for transmission on interface  228 ). Merely by way of example, in particular embodiments, discrimination device  232  can separate POTS information from other telecommunication information and/or isolate signals on the internal transport medium from the external transport medium (and vice-versa). In some embodiments, for instance xDSL implementations, discrimination device  232  can comprise one or more filters. Such filters can include (but are not limited to) high-pass, low-pass and/or band pass filters. For instance, in an xDSL implementation, discrimination device  232  might include a high-pass and/or low-pass filter for separating high-frequency (e.g., data) from low frequency (e.g., POTS) information. In other embodiments, discrimination device  232  can comprise many other types of filters, including both digital and analog filters. Demarcation device  232  can be operable to separate information sets through a variety of criteria, including for example, by frequency, by destination device, information type, frequency. Further, in certain embodiments, information sets can be multiplexed (for instance, using various time-division multiplexing or wave-division multiplexing schemes known in the art) for transmission over an external transport medium, and discrimination device  232  can comprise a de-multiplexer capable of separating multiplexed signals and, optionally, routing each signal to the appropriate destination. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, discrimination device  232  is in communication with a second interface  236 , which can interface with the telephone wires at the customer premises to provide traditional analog telephone service. In some embodiments, an aggregator  240  can be situated between discrimination device  232  and interface  236  to allow additional (perhaps non-POTS) information sets to be sent and received through interface  236  simultaneously with the POTS information. This can include, for example, aggregating information sets for transmission of an HPNA (or HPNA+) signal over an internal transport medium. 
     The discrimination device can also be coupled to a processing system  244 , which in the illustrated embodiment is located in the lid portion  204 , and all non-POTS information sets can be routed to processing system  244  for additional processing. Processing system  244  is described in detail below, but can, in general, comprise one or microprocessors, including digital signal processor (“DSP”) chips, and/or memory devices, including both volatile and nonvolatile memories, as well as a variety of read-only memory devices known in the art, such as programmable read only memory (“PROM”) devices and erasable programmable read only memory (“EPROM”) devices (a term which should be interpreted to include electrically erasable programmable (“EEPROM”) devices, in addition to other EPROM devices) and storage devices (including hard disk drives, optical drives and other media) In fact, processing system  244  can comprise the equivalent of one or more personal computers, running any of a variety of operating systems, including variants of Microsoft&#39;s Windows™ operating system, as well as various flavors of the UNIX™ operating system, including open source implementations such as the several Linux™ and OpenBSD™ operating systems. 
     Telecommunication information (or information sets) can be processed by processing system  244  in a variety of ways, including, for example, routing a given information set to a particular interface, transforming information (for example, encoding/decoding information and converting between different transport protocols), storing information, filtering information, and any of the other functions described herein with respect to processing systems. In certain embodiments, processing system  244  can serve as the termination point for an external transport medium; for instance processing system  244  can incorporate the functionality of an xDSL modem. In other embodiments, processing system  244  can serve to identify quality of service requirements (including, for instance, those discussed above), such as latency requirements for voice transmissions and bandwidth requirements for streaming media transmissions, to name a few, and enforce those requirements, ensuring that sufficient bandwidth is provided to a particular device, network segment or application to maintain the quality of service required. 
     In certain embodiments, for instance, as described above with respect to  FIG. 1D , a NID may comprise another interface in communication with a second distribution point  104 B, perhaps operated by a different telecommunication service provider, through an additional external transport medium  112 A. In such a case, the additional external interface could be coupled to discrimination device  232 , or it could be coupled to another discrimination device, which could also be in communication with processing system  244 , interface  236  and/or aggregator  240 . Thus, certain embodiments allow a single NID to serve as a communication gateway between the customer premises and multiple telecommunication service providers, including combining or multiplexing multiple external transport media (each of which may be in communication with a different telecommunication service provider and/or telecommunication information provider) as discussed above. 
     Returning to  FIG. 2A , processing system  244  can be in communication with aggregator  240 , which, as discussed above, can aggregate non-POTS information sets received from processing system  244  and POTS information sets received directly from discrimination device  232  for consolidated transmission via interface  236 , among other functions. In effect, discrimination device  232  and aggregator  240  (perhaps in conjunction with processing system  244 ) can function to separate telecommunication information received on interface  228  into a set of POTS telecommunication information and a set of non-POTS telecommunication (wherein POTS information can be understood to be ordinary telephone signals, and non-POTS information can be understood to include all other telecommunication information), route the non-POTS information via transport medium  248  to processing system  244  for processing, and route the POTS information to interface  236  for transmission to the internal transport medium. In certain embodiments, one or more sets of non-POTS information can be routed to interface  236  using transport medium  252  for transmission through interface  236 , perhaps in combination with one or more sets of POTS information. 
     Of course, discrimination device  232  and aggregator  240  can perform the same function in reverse (i.e., to separate and recombine different sets of telecommunication information received on interface  236  from the customer&#39;s premises). Thus, in some embodiments, both discrimination device  232  and aggregator  240  each can perform a combined discrimination device-aggregator function, depending on the direction of information flow. In fact, while termed “discrimination device” and “aggregator” for ease of description, those two devices can actually be identical, and further, their functionality can, in some embodiments, be incorporated into a single device, which could be coupled to interface  228 , interface  236 , and processing system  244  and could route information sets among any of those components as necessary. Moreover, as described below, the functionality of discrimination device  232  and/or aggregator  240  can be incorporated into processing system  244 ; likewise, discrimination device  232  can incorporate interface  228  and/or aggregator  240  can incorporate interface  236 , such that discrimination device/and or aggregator comprise the necessary components to be coupled directly to the external and internal transport media, respectively. 
     Discrimination device  232  and/or aggregator can also serve another function in certain embodiments: Since the external transport medium is coupled to first interface  228  and the internal transport medium can be coupled to, inter alia, second interface  236 , the discrimination device and/or aggregator can serve as an isolation device for intermediating between the two media, such that when a topological change occurs in one of the media, only the NID interface need be changed, and the other transport medium is not affected. In some such embodiments, discrimination device  232  and/or aggregator  240  can serve to intermediate (including protocol translation and the like) between interfaces  232 ,  240 , allowing either the internal or the external transport medium to be upgraded or changed without impacting the other transport medium. Of course, in certain embodiments, this isolation function also could be performed by processing system. In yet other embodiments, the isolation device might comprise a separate piece of hardware in communication with discrimination device  232 , aggregator  240  and/or processing system  244 . 
     In certain embodiments, NID  200  can have one or more additional interfaces  256 ,  260  in communication with processing system  244  via transport media  264 ,  268 , respectively. Additional interfaces  256 ,  260  can be adapted to communicate with any of a variety of internal transport media to send/receive telecommunication information to/from the customer premises. For instance, interface  256  can be a coaxial interface for connection to RG6 and/or RG59 cable, and interface  260  can be an RJ45 and/or RJ11 interface for connection to unshielded twisted pair cable (which can, for instance, form a 10Base-T Ethernet network). 
     In certain embodiments, ND  200  can comprise a line driver (not shown on  FIG. 2A ), coupled to processing system  244  and aggregator  240 . The line driver can function to allow conversion between various network formats and media, allowing a variety of different media types (e.g., twisted pair and/or coaxial cable, in accordance with the HPNA and HPNA+ standards, as well, perhaps, as the customer premises&#39; A/C wiring, in accordance, for example, with the HomePlug™ standard) to transport combined POTS and non-POTS information sets. If necessary, one or more different line drivers can be used to accommodate a variety of transport media. 
     The ability of NID  200  to support multiple interfaces of different types allows great flexibility in routing telecommunication information throughout the customer premises. Merely by way of example, if interface  228  receives telecommunication information that includes digitally-encoded video signals (e.g., MPEG-2 data), the information set that includes the encoded video signals can be routed by discrimination device  232  to processing system  244 , which can decode the signals into an RF-modulated NTSC, HDTV and/or PAL format and transmit the signals via transport medium  264  to coaxial interface  256 , where it can be transmitted via coaxial cable to one or more televisions at the customer premises. Alternatively, if the customer has a digital set-top box located at the television, the encoded signals can be routed by processing system  244  (perhaps through the appropriate line driver) to aggregator  240 , where the signals can be transferred through interface  236  to the set-top box for decoding. 
     Similarly, in some embodiments, NID  200  might receive IP data (perhaps combined with other types of telecommunication information) on interface  228 . The information set comprising the IP data can be routed by discrimination device  232  via medium  248  to processing system  244 , where it can be processed, and depending on the embodiment, routed via transport medium  252  to the customer&#39;s existing telephone wiring (perhaps using interface  236 , optionally in conjunction with aggregator  240  and/or one or more line drivers), routed to a 10Base-T network (perhaps transport medium  268  and interface  260 ), routed to a coaxial cable (e.g., using transport medium  264  and interface  256 ), or routed via a wireless interface (not shown in  FIG. 2A ). Alternatively, the IP data can be routed to any combination of these interfaces, and any of these interfaces could also receive IP or other telecommunication information from a CPE at the customer premises, for routing to processing system  244 . In this way, NID  200  can allow virtually unlimited connectivity options for each CPE at the customer premises. Adding to the flexibility of NID  200 , processing system  244  can include the necessary components to serve, for instance, as a cable, wireless, or xDSL modem, as well as components necessary to serve as an Ethernet hub, switch, router or gateway, the functions of each of which are familiar to those skilled in the art. 
     In certain embodiments, NID  200  can comprise a power supply  272  for providing electrical power to the components in NM  200 . Power supply  272  can be powered through electrical current carried on one or more transport media and received on any of interfaces  228 ,  236 ,  256 ,  260 . For example, those skilled in the art will recognize that a copper local loop could, in certain embodiments, transmit sufficient current to power NID  200  though interface  228 . Further, a second local loop could be coupled to NID  200 , perhaps through an additional interface, to provide additional current, if needed. Alternatively, power supply  272  could receive electrical current from a coaxial interface (e.g.,  256 ), through a dedicated transformer plugged into an A/C outlet at customer premises, e.g., through D/C connection  276  (which can be 12V, for example, but can also provide any other amperage and/or voltage required by NID  200 ). In other embodiments, 12V connection  276  could be coupled to a CPE device and/or home fixture, which could provide power to the NM. Those skilled in the art will recognize as well that NM  200  could be coupled directly to an A/C power source (at any standard voltage). Processing system  244  can be powered by a connection  280  to power supply  272 , some embodiments, processing system  244  might have its own power supply, which could include any of these powering options as well. 
     As mentioned above, processing system  244  can comprise a plurality of processing devices, and each processing device can comprise multiple components, including microprocessors, memory devices, storage devices and the like. Merely by way of example,  FIG. 3  provides a detailed illustration of exemplary processing system  244 , which comprises multiple processing devices  304 ,  308 ,  312 . In accordance with the exemplified embodiment, transport medium  248  links processing system  244  with an external transport medium (perhaps via a discrimination device and/or interface, as described above). 
     Transport medium  248  can be coupled to microserver  304 , such that any information received by processing system  244  via transport medium  248  is first processed by microserver  304 . Microserver can, in some embodiments, be the equivalent of a server computer, complete with memory devices, storage devices, and the like, each of which is known in the art and none of which is illustrated on  FIG. 3 . In certain embodiments, microserver  304  serves as the controller for the NID, overseeing the NID&#39;s configuration and monitoring performance; in some such embodiments, the controller functions can be accessed using a web browser. Depending on the embodiment, microserver  304  can be capable of performing a wide variety of additional functions, including functions related to administering any local area network comprised by the internal transport medium. For instance, microserver  304  can function as an xDSL modem in certain embodiments, allowing a home network attached to the NID to transmit and receive data via an xDSL connection to a telecommunication service provider. Microserver  304  can, in some cases, also function as a hub, bridge, switch or router. 
     Further examples of functions of microserver  304  in various embodiments include a dynamic host configuration protocol (“DHCP”) server, which, as those skilled in the art will appreciate, allows for flexible configuration of an IP network using any internal transport medium attached to the NID, and a network address translation (“NAT”) server, which provides some security against unauthorized use of the customer&#39;s network. Microserver  304  can also function as a HyperText Transport Protocol (“HTTP”) server, which, among other benefits, can allow configuration of the NID through a convenient web interface, as well as a bridge, switch or router, which can be capable of supporting advanced routing techniques, such as MPLS and EFM, to name a few. Microserver  304  can function further to manage quality of service requirements, as described above. 
     In addition to these functions, microserver  304  can be configured to route information sets received via transport medium  248 , according to the type of telecommunication information in the set (e.g., encoded video, IP data, etc.) as well as any addressing information associated with either the set or the information it comprises (e.g., a specified destination port or network address for a particular subset of telecommunication information). In this way, microserver  304  can serve a switching function somewhat similar to that described with respect to discrimination device  232  described in relation to  FIG. 2A . For instance, if IP data is received by microserver  304 , such data can be routed to an Ethernet connection, to the existing telephone wiring (e.g., in an HPNA implementation), or to any other appropriate medium (perhaps via an appropriate line driver). In fact, in certain embodiments, processing system  244  (and in particular microserver  304 ) can incorporate the functionality of discrimination device  232  and/or aggregator  240 , rendering those components optional. 
     In addition to microserver  304 , processing system  244  can include other components, including, for instance, application server  308  and set-top box  312 , which, in the illustrated embodiment, are coupled to microserver  304 . Application server  308  can comprise the equivalent of a computer, as described above, and thus can comprise one or more storage devices, such as hard disk drive  320 , as well as memory devices, microprocessors and the like, to enable it to store and process telecommunication information and other data. In certain embodiments, application server  308  can perform tasks with processing, memory and/or storage requirements that render microserver  304  unsuitable, including a wide variety of consumer applications. For instance, application server  308  can act as a digital recorder for storing video (perhaps as a video-on-demand server or a personal video recorder), a file and/or application server for a home network attached to the NID, a Voice over IP (“VoIP”) server, caller identification server, or voice gateway for a telephone system attached to the NID. Application server  308  can also function as a home security server, allowing the control of various features and configuration options for a home security system. 
     Set-top box  312 , which, in some embodiments, can be coupled to microserver  304  as illustrated on  FIG. 3 , can provide traditional set-top box functionality (e.g., decoding of television signals, frequency switching, etc.), as well as provide enhanced features, including, for example, the provision of picture-in-picture signals for non picture-in-picture televisions, the provision of video on demand, personal video recorder features, and many other such features. 
     Processing system  244  can have multiple means of input and output. Merely by way of example, microserver  304  can communicate with one or more external transport media (perhaps, as discussed above, via intermediary devices) using one or more transport media (e.g., 248). Processing system  244  (and, specifically, microserver  304 ) also can communicate with one or more internal transport media (for example category 5, 5e and/or 6 unshielded twisted pair wire  268 , RG6 and/or RG59 coaxial cable  264 , and category 3 unshielded twisted pair copper (telephone) wire  252 ), again possibly via intermediary devices, as discussed with reference to  FIG. 2A . Notably, some embodiments of processing system  244  can include interfaces for multiple transport media of a particular type, for instance, if processing system (and, in particular, microserver  304 ) serves as a networking hub, switch or router. Processing system  244  can also have infra-red and radio-frequency receivers and/or transmitters, for instance to allow use of a remote control device, as well as wireless transceivers, for instance to allow wireless (e.g., IEEE 802.11) networking. 
     As illustrated on  FIG. 3 , in some embodiments, microserver  304  manages the connections between application server  308 , set-top box  312  and transport media  248 ,  252 ,  264 ,  268 , routing data as necessary. In other embodiments, each processor  304 ,  308 ,  312  can have independent connections to one or more transport media. 
     It should be recognized that the devices within processing system  244  are described for illustrative purposes only. The functionality described above with respect to microserver  304 , application server  308  and set-top box  312 , respectively, each could be incorporated into a single device within processing system  244 . Alternatively, their functions described herein could be divided among any number of processors and devices within processing system  244 . Thus, the division of functions among devices within processing system  244  is discretionary and should not be considered to limit the scope of the invention. 
     In accordance with some embodiments, the NID might comprise multiple enclosures, each located in a different location and in communication with one another. Merely by way of example,  FIG. 4  illustrates an alternative embodiment of the invention, including a NID  400  and a separate processing system  404 . In the illustrated embodiment, NID  400  can include the features described above, except that processing system  404  can be located distal to NID  400 . In this way, processing system  404  can be located in a more secure area (for instance, inside the customer premises), while NID  400  can be located conveniently at the exterior of the customer premises, where it can be accessed easily by service personnel. (Of course, it should be noted that a NID can also be hardened, so that it can be securely located in its entirety on the exterior of the customer premises, as, for instance, in the embodiments discussed above.) In some embodiments, processing system  404  can be in communication with NID  400  via similar transport media  412 ,  416 ,  420 ,  424  to those discussed with respect to  FIG. 3  ( 248 ,  252 ,  264 ,  268 , respectively) and can include all of the same functionality of the embodiments discussed above. As illustrated in  FIG. 4 , processing system  404  generally will draw power from its own source  428 , although it could also be powered by NID  400 , either via one of the transport media  412 ,  416 ,  420 ,  424  or through a separate power connection  432 . 
       FIG. 5  illustrates an exemplary system  500  in which a NID  504  in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention is interconnected via several internal transport media to a wide variety of CPE, providing many different telecommunication services. NID  504  can be in communication with a telecommunication service provider&#39;s network via external transport medium  506 , which can be any of the media described above; in this exemplary embodiment, it is a twisted pair copper “local loop,” capable of carrying one or more POTS data sets and one or more xDSL information sets. NID  504  can have a processing system  508  in communication with discrimination device  512 , which can be a combined high pass/low pass filter. As mentioned above, discrimination device  512  can function to separate POTS information sets from non-POTS information sets, with the former routed to aggregator  516 , which can serve as an interface to a category 3 twisted pair internal transport medium  520 . Processing system  508  can also be in communication with aggregator  516 , so that non-POTS information sets may be transmitted using transport medium  520  as well. 
     Attached to internal transport medium  520  (which, in the illustrated embodiment can support the HPNA standard) can be a normal POTS telephone  524 , along with an integrated access device, which, among other things, can provide POTS service via IP data transmitted via the HPNA network on internal transport medium  520 . In the illustrated embodiment, three additional POTS telephones  532 A,  532 B,  532 C are coupled to the integrated access device, although those skilled in the art will appreciate that certain embodiments will support different numbers and types of devices attached to the integrated access device. Also attached to transport medium  520  is a VoIP telephone  536 , as well as a personal computer  540 , which can use system  500  to access the Internet, among other things. 
     Further embodiments can include an IP-compatible utility meter  544 , which can allow a utility provider such as a city water department or electrical utility to monitor and bill utility usage over the Internet or the telecommunication service provider&#39;s network, and/or an IP-compatible home security system  548 , which can allow the customer to monitor and control home security functions remotely. Via an Internet connection to NID  504 , a customer on vacation could administer home security system  548 , view images from security cameras, check the status of any/all sensors, and even turn various lights in the house on and off. 
     Internal transport medium  520  can also be coupled to an IP-compatible set-top box  552 , which may have a television  556  attached. In addition, certain embodiments allow for a video phone  560  to be included in system  500  and attached to medium  520 . Processing system  504  can also support a digital-to-analog converter  564  (perhaps with a ring generator), to allow direct connection of a POTS phone  568  to the NID, perhaps for testing purposes or for mandated life-line service. 
     As mentioned above, NID  504  can support a variety of other interfaces and attachments as well. For example, in certain embodiments, NID  504  (and more precisely processing system  508 ) can comprise one or more fiber optic interfaces, including for example, IEEE 1394 interface  572 , as well a variety of standard Ethernet connections, including for instance a category 5 10Base-T interface  576  that can be used, for example, to attach one or more personal computers (e.g., 580) to NID  504 , as well as a wireless interface  578 . Processing system  508  can also include a coaxial (RG6 and/or RG59) interface, either through use of a balun  588  (to convert, for example, from twisted pair to coaxial cable) or through a direct coaxial connection to processing system  508 . 
     Like the other interfaces, coaxial interface  584  can support a wide variety of CPE and associated services, including transmission of both a video (e.g., HDTV, NTSC or PAL) information set and a data (e.g., IP data) information set, simultaneously. Supported devices can include an IP residential gateway, which can provide IP to HDTV/NTSC/PAL conversion for video display on a television  598 , as well as direct IP connectivity, for example, to provide Internet access to a personal computer  602 . 
     Through coaxial interface  584 , NID  504  can also communicate with an IP-compatible set-top box, as well as directly with a cable-ready television  610 , a personal computer  614  (either via a coaxial connection on the computer or through a balun), a POTS telephone  618  (for instance, through an integrated access device  622 ), or to any other IP-compatible device  626 , such as a utility meter, home security system or the like. As discussed above, NID  504  can be programmable and/or addressable, and in some embodiments, NID  504  can include an application programming interface  630  to facilitate in the programming and/or addressing of NID  504 . 
     Notably, different embodiments of the NID can provide several benefits, including simultaneous video, data and voice transmission, while optionally maintaining required QoS levels for each particular information set, as discussed above. Further, some embodiments of the NID can comprise a router that is capable of multi-protocol label switching (“MPLS”), which, those skilled in the art will recognize, allows the telecommunication service provider tremendous flexibility in designing the architecture of the external transport medium, including options, such as EFM and tag switching schemes (e.g., MPLS), that provide enhanced features and performance across the provider&#39;s network. Various embodiments of the NID also allow for a plurality of virtual private networks to be established through the NID, allowing one or more secure data connections from the customer premises to other locations. 
     Other embodiments of the present invention provide methods for using demarcation devices, and NIDs in particular. One exemplary method  700  in accordance with certain embodiments is illustrated on  FIG. 6 . It should be noted that the blocks displayed on  FIG. 6  are arranged for ease of description only, and their order and arrangement should not be considered to limit the scope of the invention; hence, some of functions illustrated on  FIG. 6  may be performed in an order different than that illustrated, or they may be omitted entirely. 
     In block  704 , an external transport medium is provided. A wide variety of external transport media, including any of those discussed above, may be used without varying from the scope of this embodiment. At block  708 , a demarcation device is provided. In a particular embodiment, the demarcation device can be a NID, as described above. In some embodiments, the demarcation device can be attached to an external wall of the customer premises (block  712 ), while in other embodiments, the demarcation device can be located elsewhere, including various locations at the customer premises (such as proximate to a particular CPE or coupled to an internal transport medium in an attic, garage, basement, crawl space or the like. In still other embodiments, the demarcation device could be co-located with a portion of the external transport medium, for instance in a digital loop carrier remote termination closet, at a DSLAM, or even at the distribution point. 
     In certain embodiments, a distribution point can receive telecommunication information from a telecommunication information provider or other source of telecommunication information (block  716 ). As discussed above, the telecommunication information can comprise a plurality of sets of telecommunication information, and each telecommunication information set can be associated with a particular telecommunication service. In many embodiments, the distribution point can receive the plurality of telecommunication information sets from a plurality of telecommunication information providers. 
     At block  720 , the telecommunication information can be transmitted to the demarcation device through the external transport medium. Generally, the telecommunication information can be transmitted from the distribution point, although, as discussed above, the distribution point need be neither the ultimate source nor the ultimate destination of the telecommunication information. At block  724 , the distribution point (or other facility) can receive a request, either for configuration information as discussed above, or for a particular telecommunication information set, and, in certain embodiments, the distribution point can forward that request to the appropriate telecommunication information provider (block  728 ). At block  732 , the distribution point can receive information (e.g., telecommunication information, perhaps including configuration information) from the telecommunication information provider that is responsive to the request, and at block  736 , that responsive information can be transmitted to the demarcation device, whether generated by the distribution point (and/or an associated control point) or the telecommunication information provider. In certain embodiments, different information sets can be received on different interfaces. Merely by way of example, a video information set could be received from a video source on one interface, while a data information set could be received from a data source on another interface. Alternatively, a plurality of information sets can be sent and/or received on a single interface. 
     At block  740 , the demarcation device optionally can separate any telecommunication information received from the distribution point (whether or not sent in response to a request from the demarcation device) into discrete information sets, according to, inter alia, any of the criteria discussed above. Once the information sets have been separated, the demarcation device can take the appropriate action for each. Such actions can include processing the information set (perhaps with a processing system similar to that described above), transmitting the information set to a particular internal transport medium (see block  748  below), consolidating the information with one or more other information sets for combined transmission onto an internal transport medium, storing the information set (perhaps to a storage device, as discussed above), formatting one or more information sets (e.g., using a consolidated distribution protocol, as discussed below), and discarding the information set, among other things. Processing can additionally include encoding/decoding information (perhaps to/from a remote transmission protocol, discussed below) 
     At block  744 , the demarcation device optionally can mediate the flow of telecommunication information between the internal transport medium and the external transport medium. This can be done in a variety of ways, including filtering the signals and/or frequencies sent from one transport medium to the other so as to diminish interference on one network by extraneous information, signals, and/or frequencies transmitted (intentionally or inadvertently) by the other. Mediating the flow of information can also include filtering the information sent through the demarcation device, such that particular telecommunication information (and/or information sets) can be treated differently from other information (and/or information sets). In some embodiments, mediating the flow of information can be considered part of the processing procedure, while in other embodiments, mediating the flow of information can be a separate procedure. For instance, as discussed above, a given information set can be processed, routed or stored differently than other sets. 
     At block  728 , the telecommunication information (or a particular set thereof) can be transmitted to the customer premises by the demarcation device. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, that while for ease of description, method  700  has been described with respect to unidirectional information flow (from a distribution point to a customer premises), certain embodiments of the invention easily can accommodate information flow in the opposite direction, as well as bi-directional information flow. Thus, information also could be transmitted from a CPE, through the internal transport medium, to the demarcation device. The demarcation device then could separate that telecommunication information into information sets, if necessary, and take any of a variety of actions (including those discussed above) with respect to each information set, including transmitting the information in the information set to the distribution point via the external medium. 
     Likewise, methods in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention can support the transmission of telecommunication information from a CPE, through a demarcation device, to a distribution point, and, ultimately to a telecommunication information provider. For instance, at block  752 , the demarcation device can receive telecommunication information from the customer premises, and at block  756 , this and other information (such as, for instance, information generated by the demarcation device itself, including configuration information, service requests and the like) can be transmitted to a telecommunication service provider (and/or a telecommunication information provider). Merely by way of example, the telecommunication information received from the customer premises and/or transmitted to the telecommunication service provider can include video information, IP data, telephony information and the like, as well as information related to providing telecommunication services, such as the video provision information discussed below, information related to data transmission services, telephony signaling information, and the like. 
     Further, methods according to other embodiments allow for simultaneous and/or near simultaneous two-way transmission of telecommunication. Information can be transmitted to and/or received from, the customer premises on one or more interfaces, which can be in communication with one or more internal transport media, as discussed in detail herein. 
     As mentioned above, demarcation devices can accommodate a variety of different types of external and internal transport media. For instance,  FIG. 7  depicts a conceptual drawing of a NID  800  in accordance with particular embodiments. NID  800  can be in communication with a fiber-optic external transport medium  804 . Fiber cable  804  can be any of a variety of optical fiber media, including those discussed above. In certain embodiments, fiber cable  804  can be single-stranded, such that two-way communication can be provided on the same strand (using any of a variety of methods known in the art, for example, wave-division multiplexing and/or time-division multiplexing). In other embodiments, fiber cable  804  can be multi-stranded, and each strand optionally can carry communication in a single direction, such that, for instance, two way communication between demarcation device  800  and a distribution point (not shown in  FIG. 7 ) can be accomplished with two strands of fiber. Multi-stranded fiber can, of course, implement one or more multiplexing schemes as well. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, NID  800  comprises a first interface  808  that can be in communication with fiber cable  804 . In accordance with certain embodiments, first interface  808  can include one or more multiplexers  812   a ,  812   b . Multiplexers  812  can implement any multiplexing scheme know to those skilled in the art, including those multiplexing schemes discussed above. In this way, for instance, a single NID can support transmission of a plurality of information sets via a single fiber cable  804 , perhaps from plurality of telecommunication information providers and/or telecommunication service providers. 
     For instance, in some embodiments, fiber optic cable  804  can transport both video (digital or analog) and data information sets. Merely by way of example, in the illustrated embodiment, video information can be transmitted from a distribution point at a frequency of 1550 nm, while data can be transmitted at lower frequencies. Thus, multiplexer  812   a  can separate the higher frequency video information from the rest of the transmission and can route the video information via transport medium  816 . Conversely, NID  800  can route the lower frequency data information via transport medium  820 , which can be in communication with multiplexer  812   b . In some embodiments, multiplexer  812   b  can be used to aggregate and/or separate incoming and outgoing signals, for instance those on transport media  824   a  and  824   b , respectively, according to light frequency. In other embodiments, a single transport medium  824  could transport two-way data communications; multiplexer  812   b  thus can be optional. 
     First interface  808  can be in communication (perhaps via transport media  816 ,  820 ,  824 ) with a processing system  832 . In some aspects, media  816 ,  820 ,  824  can be optical media and processing system  832  can incorporate an electro-optical transducer. In other embodiments, however, first interface  808  may comprise one or more electro-optical transducers and one or more of media  816 ,  820 ,  824  can be electrical media (e.g., twisted pair wiring). In addition to electro-optical conversion, processing system  832  can perform any of the functions of the processing systems discussed above, and can include similar components to those discussed above (which are not shown here merely for the sake of brevity). For instance, processing system  832  can include an API 836 to allow the reception of configuration information. 
     In some aspects, life-line POTS service can be provided by ND  800  using fiber cable  804 . In such embodiments, NID  800  may comprise a ringing generator  840 , which can be coupled to processing system  832  and in communication with an analog telephone  844 . In other embodiments, NID  800  may also include an interface for connecting with a second external medium, perhaps a twisted pair local loop, which could provide analog POTS service, and NID  800  could pass through the POTS signal from that second external medium, allowing connection of an analog telephone to NID  800 . NID  800  can also accommodate any of the interfaces discussed above, including, for instance, an IEEE 1394 interface  848 , a wireless interface (e.g. 802.11, LMDS, etc.)  852 , an Ethernet interface  856 , and a coaxial interface  860 . NID  800  can also comprise a twisted pair interface  868 , which can, in some embodiments, allow NID  800  to provide telecommunication services via the existing telephone wiring at customer premises. These and other interfaces can allow NID  800  to be in communication with a variety of CPE devices as shown on  FIG. 7 , all of which are described elsewhere and need not be described here. Optionally, any of these interfaces may incorporate a balun (e.g.  864 ) or line driver, as discussed herein. 
     In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, NIDs are provided for communicating with coaxial external media, as for instance, are used by cable television providers. Merely by way of example,  FIG. 8  illustrates one such embodiment, comprising a NW  900  that can be in communication with a coaxial cable  904 . In some embodiments, coaxial cable  904  can transport a plurality of information sets corresponding to one or more telecommunication services, including, for instance, analog video and/or data. In some such embodiments, NID  900  can include an interface  906  that can be coupled to cable  904 . Interface  906  can also be coupled to a coaxial separator/aggregator  908  which can separate signals (perhaps according to frequency and/or time-division multiplexing) and, optionally, aggregate signals as well. In some embodiments, separator/aggregator  908  Thus, for instance, analog video signals may be transmitted from a service provider on a particular frequency and separator/aggregator  908  can separate those signals and route them via transport medium  912 . In certain embodiments, separator/aggregator  908  can also route data signals via transport medium  916 , perhaps to processing system  920 . 
     Processing system  920  can be in communication with a customer premises via any of the variety of internal transport media and/or interfaces discussed herein, including by way of example an Ethernet interface  928 , a coaxial interface  932  (perhaps including a balun  936 ), and/or a twisted pair interface  940 , which in some embodiments can communicate with the existing telephone wiring of the customer premises, perhaps using a line-sharing protocol such as HPNA, HPNA+, Home Plug and/or the like. Similar to other embodiments discussed above, NID  900  can include an optional AC or DC power source  924  and can further comprise a battery  944 . In many embodiments, battery  944  can provide back-up power in case of a power failure. 
     As noted above, NIDs in accordance with certain embodiments can include interfaces for any of a variety of different external and/or internal transport media known in the art, and in some embodiments, a single NID can be coupled to multiple external and/or internal transport media, allowing a wide variety of telecommunication options for a particular customer premises. Particular embodiments of such NIDs can in one aspect be considered “integrated” NIDs because they are capable of supporting a plurality of different external media types. Advantageously, in accordance with certain embodiments, telecommunication information from any combination of these media can be managed and transmitted throughout a customer premises, all via single ND, if desired. 
     To illustrate these and other benefits,  FIG. 9  provides a conceptual drawing of one exemplary integrated NID  1000 , which can be in communication with a variety of transport media. For instance, NID  1000  can include an interface  1004  for communicating with a digital broadcast satellite receiver and/or transceiver (e.g., a satellite dish)  1008 , an interface  1012  for communicating with a wireless transceiver (e.g., an antenna capable of transmitting and/or receiving any of the wireless transmissions discussed herein, including “WiFi” signals familiar to those skilled in the art)  1016  and an interface  1020  for communicating with a microwave transceiver (e.g., an LMDS and/or MMDS transceiver)  1024 . NID  1000  can further include an interface  1028  to be in communication with a coaxial cable (for instance, to communicate with a cable television or broadband provider). Other interfaces (for instance, any of the fiber interfaces discussed above), can be implemented as well. 
     NID  1000  optionally can include an interface  1032  adapted to be coupled to a twisted pair copper transport medium, which can be, for instance, a telecommunication service provider&#39;s local loop. Interface  1032  can also be coupled to a discrimination device  1036 , the nature and functions of which are described in detail elsewhere in this disclosure. Discrimination device  1036  can be used to transmit (and/or receive) analog POTS signals to/from a traditional telephone, and (optionally) can be in communication with an aggregator  1040 , which, as discussed in detail above, can consolidate a variety of analog and/or digital information sets for transmission throughout the customer premises. 
     Discrimination device  1036 , as well as interfaces  1004 ,  1012 ,  1020 ,  1028 , can be in communication with a processing system  1044 , which can include a variety of components, including those described above, and can perform any of the functions described above, such as routing, mediation, processing and the like, especially with respect to digital information sets. In certain embodiments, processing system  1044  can serve as a signal integrator to combine all of the signals received from interfaces  1004 ,  1012 ,  1020 ,  1028  and discrimination device  1036  (and, as those skilled in the art will recognize, route signals traveling in the opposite direction to the proper external transport medium). In other embodiments, each interface  1004 ,  1012 ,  1020 ,  1028  and/or discrimination device  1036  can be coupled to a plurality of discrete processing systems, which in turn can be coupled to a separate signal integrator, such as one described in detail below. Optionally, processing system  1044  can be coupled to an aggregator  1040 , which can, inter alia, combine disparate information sets, perhaps received on different interfaces, for combined transmission to the customer premises. (Alternately, processing system  1044  could be directly coupled to one or more internal interfaces for transmission of information to the customer premises.) 
     As discussed above, in one aspect, aggregator  1040  can be used to combine digital and analog information sets (for instance, a POTS information set from discrimination device  1036  and an IP information set from processing system  1044 ), as well as filter information sets traveling in the opposite direction for routing to the correct component and/or interface. In some aspects, aggregator  1040  can be configured to format one or more information sets according to desired protocols, including Ethernet, HPNA, HPNA+, and/or HomePlug, before and/or after combining information sets for transmission, as well as to convert from such formats when receiving information from the customer premises. Alternatively, processing system  1044  can be configured to perform any and/or all of the functions of aggregator  1040 . 
     Aggregator  1040  can be in communication one or more internal interfaces (e.g.,  1048   a ,  1048   b ), which, as discussed above, can provide facilities for communication with any of a variety of internal transport media, perhaps through a balun or line driver. In the illustrated example, interface  1048   a  can be a coaxial (e.g., RG6 and/or RG59) cable interface, and interface  1048   b  can be a twisted pair (e.g., category 3, category 5, category 6, category 7, etc.) interface, perhaps for connection to the existing telephone wiring at customer premises. Similarly, NID  1000  can be in communication with any of a variety of CPE devices and/or home fixtures (e.g.,  1052 ,  1056 ,  1060 ), including those discussed above, and can be configurable and/or addressable. 
     In certain embodiments, each of the external transport media can be associated with the same telecommunication service provider and/or telecommunication information provider. In other embodiments, one or more of the external transport media can be associated with different telecommunication service providers and/or telecommunication information providers. Moreover, those skilled in the art will recognize that, while  FIG. 9  provides some exemplary interfaces for communication with a variety of disparate external transport media, other embodiments need not include each of the illustrated interfaces. Indeed, certain embodiments may include a plurality of similar interfaces (for instance, multiple twisted-pair interfaces and/or fiber interfaces), and other embodiments can include interfaces not shown on  FIG. 9 , such as fiber interfaces, PCS interfaces, and/or the like. 
     Still other embodiments may include one or more of the interfaces illustrated on  FIG. 9  and/or various combinations of those interfaces. Merely by way of example, NIDs in accordance with certain embodiments are capable of receiving telecommunication information via one or more digital broadcast satellite (“DBS”) receivers, and, optionally, from other sources as well. Those skilled in the art will recognize that DBS receivers, commonly known as “satellite dishes,” often can allow reception of video and data signals from one or more geosynchronous satellite systems, such as those operated by EchoStar Communications Corp. and Hughes Electronics Corp., among others, and can therefore be considered video sources, as well as sources of other telecommunication information, such as data, voice, audio, and the like. Those skilled in the art will also recognize that a satellite dish could, in some embodiments, also act as a transmitter, allowing “upstream” transmission of telecommunication information to a telecommunication service provider. Similar receivers (which also can be integrated into various embodiments of the invention) can allow transmission and/or reception of signals via point-to-point microwave transmissions. Those skilled in the art will recognize as well that any other video source (such as cable television transmissions, off-air antennas, and/or the like) could be incorporated into similar embodiments. 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that NIDs configured to be used with DBS receivers (as well as other video sources) offer many features and advantages. Merely by way of example, some embodiments allow for the transmission of video signals throughout a customer premises without the need to run dedicated coaxial cable to the satellite receiver from each of a plurality of television locations. Instead, by using a NID, received video information can be consolidated and (if desired) converted at the NID and transmitted to any location served by any suitable internal transport media. The transmitted video information can be formatted in any of a variety of ways (including without limitation those mentioned above), such as, for instance, HDTV signals, NTSC signals and MPEG (including MPEG2 and/or MPEG4) signals, and they can be transmitted in analog or digital forms (for instance, as encapsulated in IP packets and/or HPNA frames). Further, in accordance with certain embodiments, NIDs capable of accepting video information can also accept other types of telecommunication information (e.g., voice, data, etc.), either from the same source or from a different source. 
     Depending on the embodiment, certain equipment can be located proximate to each video appliance (e.g., television, computer monitor, etc.) that is intended to receive video signals from the NID. For instance, with respect to video appliances that do not include digital tuners, a set-top box could be used to facilitate the transmission of digital video signals. (Alternatively, RF-modulated analog signals could be sent to the video appliance.) In other embodiments, a set-top box or other device (including even a video appliance itself) can be used to relay configuration information to the NID; such configuration information can include, inter alia, request to change video channels and/or the like. Further, an infra-red receiver (perhaps incorporated in a set top box) could receive signals from a remote control device at the location of a particular video appliance and relay those signals (using any internal transport medium, including the medium carrying the video signals and/or ultra high frequency (“UHF”) carrier waves, to name but two). Alternatively, a remote control device could communicate directly (via UHF, infra-red, etc.) with NID  1000 . 
       FIG. 10  illustrates a NID  1100  in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention. NID  1100  can include an interface  1102  for communicating with a video source, which in the illustrated embodiment is depicted by a satellite receiver  1104 , but could also be any of the video sources disclosed herein. More generally, a video source can also be considered to include any transmission received by satellite receiver  1104  and/or other video signals received by NID  1000  via an external transport medium. In many cases, interface  1102  can comprise a plurality of interfaces and/or can be in communication with a variety of video sources. 
     For instance, those skilled in the art will recognize that, in some DBS implementations, a customer premises with multiple video appliances will require a plurality of connections to receiver  1104  (e.g., a plurality of discrete connections to a multiple low noise-block (“LNB”) converters) to provide multiple video feeds to the video appliances. Interface  1104  can accommodate as many such connections as necessary. Further, NID  1100  can include an additional interface  1106  that can be coupled to an off-air antenna (either analog or digital, including HDTV)  1108 , CATV connection, and/or the like. In certain embodiments, interface  1102  and  1106  can be the same interface, while in other embodiments, additional interfaces can communicate with additional video sources. 
     NID  1100  optionally can include other interfaces (e.g.,  1110 ) for communicating with a additional external transport media (which could include, merely by way of example, a twisted-pair local loop, which might carry xDSL telecommunication information, a fiber link, a coaxial cable, a wireless link, and/or the like), allowing NID  1100  to provide telecommunication services via a variety of different external media. In some aspects, interface  1110  could be considered to be in communication with a data source (e.g., a source and/or recipient of IP or other data), although, depending on the embodiment, interface  1110  could be capable of receiving any type of telecommunication information and should not be interpreted as limited to receiving data. A data source can include any external transport medium in communication with NID  1100 , as well as any transmission of data via such a medium. 
     Interface  1104  can be in communication with a processing system  1112 , which can include any of the components discussed above, and, also as discussed above, can process received information in any of a variety of ways, including without limitation translating, decoding, encoding, converting, reformatting and/or otherwise processing information received on interface  1104 . In embodiments comprising more than one video interface (e.g.,  1102 ,  1106 ), processing system  1112  can serve as a signal integrator for combining the video information received on each interface. (Alternatively, a separate signal integrator can be coupled to interfaces  1102 ,  1106  and configured to combine the signals before transmission to processing system  1112  and/or directly to an interface for communicating with the customer premises). 
     Other examples of processing tasks that can be performed by processing system  112  include protocol formatting and/or conversion. For instance, those skilled in the art will recognize that DBS systems often format video information digitally for transmission (e.g., using one or more of the MPEG digital encoding algorithms). Often this digital video information is further encoded and/or encapsulated before transmission, using any of a variety of encoding algorithms, which can, in some cases, be used to allow transmission of digital information on an analog carrier medium. Such algorithms are referred to herein generally as “remote transmission algorithms.” One example of such an algorithm is phase shift keying, and in particular quadrature phase shift keying (“QPSK”), an algorithm well known in the art and used in the transmission of digital information. Other examples could include frequency shift keying (“FSK”), quaternary amplitude modulation (“QAM”), and the like. 
     Processing system  1112 , in certain embodiments, can comprise a processing device (for instance, a digital signal processor) operable to decode a signal encoded by a remote transmission algorithm, producing digitally-formatted video information, for instance, MPEG2 data and/or HDTV signals. If desired, processing system  1104  further can convert the digitally-formatted information to produce analog video signals, for instance NTSC and/or PAL signals, and/or can serve as an RF modulator to enable the transmission of a plurality of such signals on a single medium. In certain embodiments, processing system  1112  can comprise a first processing device for decoding a remote transmission algorithm and a second processing device for translating the resulting digital information to a different format (which can be either digital or analog). 
     Merely by way of example, the first processing device can decode a QPSK-encoded signal received from a DBS satellite via receiver  1008 , perhaps producing an MPEG2 video feed. The second processing device can convert the MPEG2 feed into an NTSC signal for transmission to a television and/or re-encapsulate the MPEG2 feed (perhaps into IP packets and/or with a consolidated distribution protocol, for example). In certain respects, therefore, these processing devices can be considered to comprise one or more “translation devices,” the purpose of which is to provide decoding/encoding, reformatting and/or translation of various telecommunication protocols and encoding schemes. Translation devices, therefore, can comprise processors (including digital signal processors), memory and/or buffer devices analog/digital converters (and/or digital/analog converters), digital and/or analog signal amplifiers/repeaters, RF modulators/demodulators, and the like. 
     As noted above, certain embodiments of NID  1100  can include a second interface  1110  for receiving/transmitting additional telecommunication information, e.g., data, perhaps from a provider&#39;s “local loop” wiring to the customer premises. In some such embodiments, interface  1110  can be coupled to a discrimination device  1116 , the nature and functions of which have been discussed elsewhere in this disclosure. In one aspect, therefore, NID  1100  can be configured to transmit/receive, for instance, a combined signal (i.e., a transmission that includes multiple information sets) on interface  1110 , and discrimination device  1116  can be configured to separate POTS information in the signal from non-POTS (e.g., xDSL) information (and, of course, to combine information sets for transmission to the external transmission medium). POTS information can be routed to an analog interface  1120 , which can, in some embodiments, be adapted to be in communication with one or more analog telephones. 
     Discrimination device  1116  can also be coupled to a second processing system  1124 , which can be used to process any non-POTS information (e.g., video, data, etc.) that travels though discrimination device  1116 . (As disclosed above, in other embodiments, a single processing system could provide the functionality of the two illustrated processing systems  1112 ,  1124 ). In certain embodiments, processing system  1124  can, inter alia, translate xDSL information to, for instance, IP data and/or format that data into a consolidated distribution protocol for transmission on a shared medium to the customer premises. Thus, processing system  1124  can also incorporate one or more translation devices, which are described above. Processing systems  1112 ,  1124  can be coupled to a signal integrator  1128 , which can combine information sets (in this case, for example, from each processing system  1112 ,  1124 ), e.g, for transmission to the customer premises or for consolidated processing, and/or split a consolidated information set (e.g., an information set received from the customer premises) into one or more information sets for transmission to the appropriate processing system, external interface, etc. In some embodiments, signal integrator  1128  can provide conversion to/from a consolidated distribution protocol. In other embodiments, one or more of processing systems  1112 ,  1124  can incorporate the functionality of signal integrator  1128 , and processing systems  1112 ,  1124  can be coupled to each other. Signal integrator  1128  can also incorporate the functionality of an aggregator, discussed elsewhere in this disclosure. 
     In further embodiments, discrimination device  1116  can also be coupled to signal integrator  1128 , which can incorporate the functionality of an aggregator, described above. In this way, POTS information and non-POTS information (including, for instance, any combination of video, data and audio information) can be distributed to the customer premises on a common transport medium, perhaps formatted according to a consolidated distribution protocol. Signal integrator  1128  can be coupled to a plurality of interfaces (e.g.,  1132   a ,  1132   b ), which can provide connectivity to a variety of different internal transport media, for communication to any of a variety of CPE and/or home fixtures (illustrated by video appliance  1136  and PC  1140 ). Merely by way of example, interface  1132   a  can be a twisted pair (e.g., RJ11) interface, and interface  1132   b  can be a coaxial (e.g., RG 6, RG59) interface. 
     Moreover, processing systems  1112 ,  1124  can also be coupled to dedicated interfaces  1144 ,  1148 . In this way, for instance, processing system  1112  can transmit/receive particular information (e.g., analog and/or digital video) on one or more interfaces  1144 , and processing system  1124  can transmit a particular information set (e.g., IP data) on one or more interfaces  1148 . In these and other ways, NID  1100  can be used (if desired) to transmit different information sets on different transport media, either in conjunction with or as an alternative to transporting a plurality of information sets on a shared internal medium, as detailed above. Merely by way of example, interfaces  1144   a ,  1144   b ,  1144   c  can be coupled to video appliances  1152   a ,  1152   b ,  1152   c , respectively. Similarly, interfaces  1148   a ,  1148   b ,  1148   c  can be in communication with computers  1156   a ,  1156   b ,  1156   c , respectively. In this way NID  1100  (and/or, in some cases, processing systems  1112  and/or  1124 ) can serve as, for instance, an Ethernet hub and/or an analog/digital video distribution hub for a customer premises wired using a star topology. 
     In addition, signal integrator  1128  can include one or more wireless interfaces (e.g.,  1160 ), which can be used to transmit/receive telecommunication information via any of the wireless protocols discussed above. Wireless interface  1160  can be used, for instance, to receive configuration information from one or more devices (e.g., set-top box  1164  and/or a remote control device) inside and/or outside the customer premises and can be coupled to any appropriate device in NID  1100 , including without limitation signal integrator  1128  (e.g., as illustrated in  FIG. 10 ), processing system  1112  and/or processing system  1124 . The configuration information can include, for instance, instructions to switch video feeds (e.g., change the channel) for the video appliance. The configuration information can be relayed (if necessary) from signal integrator  1128  to processing system  1112 , where the desired action can be taken. In this and other ways, a wide variety the functions and/or features of NID  1100  (including those described above) can be configured from set-top box  1148  (and/or a remote control device in communication with set-top box  1148 ), and set-top box can be considered a control point. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, a PC  1140  in communication with NID  1100  can provide similar configuration information, perhaps through a web browser or via dedicated software on the PC communicating with NID  1100  through an API, and PC  1140  also can be considered a control point. Although not shown on the illustrated embodiment, NID  11  can be powered via any of the mechanisms discussed elsewhere in this disclosure. 
     In certain embodiments, a NID can include one or more diagnostic indicators, which can provide visual information on the functions and/or performance of the ND. Merely by way of example, NID  1100  includes a signal strength meter  1168  coupled to processing system  1112 . Signal strength meter  1168 , which can be an analog gauge, LED display and/or the like, can be used to determine the strength of one or more video signals received by NID  1100  and can be used both for troubleshooting purposes and configuration (e.g., tuning of receiver  1104  and/or antenna  1108 ). It should be appreciated that, while for purposes of illustration, meter  1168  is coupled to processing system  1112  and used to display video signal strength information, other embodiments can include a wide variety of diagnostic indicators, including network activity indicators, power indicators (including battery backup and/or power failure indicators), security indicators, and the like, and such indicators can be in communication with any appropriate component of NID  1100 , including without limitation processing systems  1112 ,  1124 , signal integrator  1128 , discrimination device  1116 , and/or any of the interfaces  1102 ,  1106 ,  1110 ,  1120 ,  1132 ,  1144 ,  1156 ,  1160 . Moreover, any of the information available via such diagnostic indicators can also be made available digitally, such as perhaps via a configuration API, which is discussed elsewhere in this disclosure. 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate, based on the disclosure herein, that NID  1100  can provide a robust platform for the transmission of a variety of telecommunication information, including without limitation, voice, data, audio and video information. For instance, with respect to video distribution, NID  1100  can distribute analog and/or digital signals using a variety of interfaces and/or protocols, as discussed above. For instance, video information can be transmitted as IP data using, e.g., interface  1132   b , and set-top box  1164  and/or video appliance  1136  can convert that information to analog information for display to a user. In certain embodiments, only one set of video information (i.e., one “channel”) will be transmitted by NID  1100 , and set top box  1164  and/or video appliance  1136  can submit configuration information to NID  1100  specifying which channel should be transmitted. In other embodiments, NID  1100  can transmit a plurality of channels via interface  1132   b , and set-top box  1164  and/or video appliance  1136  can function to select for display one or more channels from those transmitted. 
     In many embodiments NID  1100  can be configured to operate in either fashion, and those skilled in the art will recognize that the functionality of the video appliances and/or set-top boxes at the customer premises, as well as the wiring topology of the customer premises, might render one mode more suitable than another. For instance, in a location with a plurality of video appliances and/or set-top boxes connected in bus fashion on a single medium, where each device is capable of selecting the desired channel for display, it may be more suitable to broadcast all of the available channels across the medium and allow each device to select from the broadcast. Conversely, in certain cases, for example, where each video device (i.e., set-top box and/or video appliance) is addressable and/or resides on a different transport medium and/or where one or more video devices are incapable of selecting from among a plurality of transmitted channels, it may be more appropriate to transmit a single channel to each device and/or transport medium, and allow the video devices (and/or separate remote control devices) to transmit requests for the desired channels back to NID  1100 . In this way, for instance, a plurality of video appliances  1152   a ,  1152   b ,  1152   c  can be attached to NID  1100  via separate transport media, and processing system  1112  can send a discrete signal to each video appliance. Alternatively, a plurality of addressable video devices could be coupled to interfaces  1132   a ,  1132   b  (and/or any other interfaces), and a discrete video signal could be addressed to each attached video device and transmitted over a common transport media. 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate, therefore, that certain embodiments, for instance those exemplified by  FIG. 10 , can provide a complete solution for providing both video and data communication to a customer premises. For instance, interface  1104 , in addition to receiving video signals, could also receive downstream data transmissions, thus providing a downstream link between one or more telecommunication service providers and the customer premises. Interface  1110 , then, could be used to provide an upstream link from the customer premises to the telecommunication provider(s), completing the connection between the service provider(s) and the customer premises. 
     Those skilled in the art will recognize that, in the past, such connections in the past generally have been implemented by connecting a telephone cable to a satellite set-top box, a technique with inherent limitations. In contrast, embodiments of the invention allow for any variety communication between the customer premises and the satellite provider, for billing and other purposes known to those skilled in the art, without requiring the satellite set-top boxes to have a telephone connection. For instance, by reference to  FIG. 10 , set top  1164  box can transmit any sort of video provisioning information to NID  1100 , which can forward such information via interface  1102 , interface  1110 , and/or interface  1120  to the video service provider, allowing for a single connection to set top box  1164  to provide any necessary communication, including both video feeds and video provisioning information, greatly simplifying the wiring considerations at the customer premises. In this way, for example, NID  1100  could be used to allow provision of satellite video services without requiring the service provider to run a telephone line to the television location, significantly reducing the typical installation cost for satellite service. 
     As used herein, the term “video provision information” should be interpreted to include any information that is necessary to the provision of video services. Such information can be transmitted to and/or from the customer premises and can include, merely by way of example, both billing information (e.g., customer identification, information about services utilized, amounts due, and the like) and content request information (e.g., channel and/or subscription requests, pay per view and/or video on demand requests, and the like). 
     Further, embodiments of the invention can allow a telecommunication service provider to sell packaged services, with video (and, perhaps downstream data) transmitted to the home via satellite link, and upstream and/or downstream data delivered via, for instance, xDSL link. NIDs according to certain of these embodiments can also allow for the packaging of telephone services as well, and can facilitate the distribution of voice, data and/or video throughout a customer premises, in some instances using the existing wiring at the premises. 
     Merely by way of example, in accordance with one set of embodiments, a plurality of communication lines can be multiplexed or logically “bonded” to allow for the provision of services that normally would require a higher bandwidth than any of the communication lines would be capable of providing on its own. Some such embodiments feature a video distribution device, which may be in communication with a video reception device, optionally via one or more intermediary devices. A particular class of embodiments is described in detail with respect to  FIG. 11 , below. In operation, a video distribution device can be configured to process a video signal by, inter alia, dividing the video signal into multiple, discrete information sets, each of which may comprise one or more logical blocks. Each of the discrete information sets may be transmitted to a video reception device via a different path (e.g., communication line), and the video reception device may be configured to reassemble the information sets into a coherent video signal, which may then be output to one or more video devices for viewing. 
       FIG. 11  illustrates a system  2000  than can be considered exemplary of some such embodiments. As described herein, the exemplary system  2000  is configured to provide video services, although one skilled in the art, with the benefit of the disclosure herein, could appreciate that similar systems in accordance with other embodiments of the invention could be configured to provide any other information service (including voice, data, Internet, etc.) and/or a combination of information services. 
     The system  2000  can comprise a video distribution device  2004 , which can be located at a telecommunication provider&#39;s location, such as a central office, cable distribution head end, etc., or any other suitable location. In some embodiments, the video distribution device is in communication with an intermediary device  2008 , which can comprise, be incorporated in and/or be co-located with an aggregation center, DSLAM, optical network unit (“ONU”), etc. and which can, in turn, be in communication with one or more video reception devices  2012 . In other embodiments, the intermediary device can be omitted, and/or the video distribution device  2004  may be in direct communication with the video reception device(s)  2012 . In particular embodiments, a video reception device  2012  may be located at a subscriber premises, as discussed in further detail below. 
     The system can further comprise one or more communication lines  2016  capable of providing communication between the video distribution device  2004  and the intermediary device  2008 , as well as one or more communication lines  2020  capable of providing communication between the intermediary device  2008  and each video reception device  2012 . As used herein, a “communication line” can comprise any medium known in the art for providing video and/or data communication, including without limitation any of the transport media described herein. Merely by way of example, in accordance with some embodiments, the communication lines  2016  between the video distribution device  2004  and the intermediary device  2008  can comprise elements of a telecommunication network, such as optical fiber, twisted pair, etc. and may employ any suitable transport format, including for example, ATM, SONET, time division multiplexing (“TDM”), etc. In other embodiments, the communication lines  2020  may comprise optical fiber (as in “fiber to the home” implementations), twisted pair, etc. In particular embodiments, the communication lines  2020  can comprise xDSL lines, and in particular, ADSL, SDSL, HDSL and/or VDSL lines, depending on network topology and other factors. In this way, for example, a plurality of xDSL lines may be used to provide a consolidated, high-bandwidth communication path between a video distribution device  2004  (and/or intermediary device  2008 ) and a video reception device  2012 . In accordance with some aspects of the invention, a diverse set of communication lines may be employed. Merely by way of example, the communication lines  2020  may include an xDSL line, a fiber connection, a wireless connection and/or a satellite connection, each of which can be consolidated with the others to provide video services in accordance with embodiments of the invention. In some cases, a video reception device may be in communication with a video distribution device through multiple communication lines, one (or more of which) can provide direct communication between the video reception device and the video distribution device, while another one (or more) of which provides communication via an intermediary device. 
     In accordance with various embodiments, the video distribution device  2004  may be configured to serve as a source of video transmissions (and/or data services), which may be received by a video reception device  2012 . Thus, the video distribution device  2004  may include a connection  2024  to a content provider, such as a television network, cable or satellite television provider, etc. The nature of the connection  2024  is discretionary; it may be, for example, a satellite downlink, a high-speed network connection, and/or any of the transport media discussed herein. The connection  2024 , therefore may allow the video distribution device  2004  to receive one or more video signals, which can then be distributed by the video distribution device  2004 . Alternatively or in addition, the video reception device  2004  may itself be the source of a video transmission; merely by way of example, the video distribution device  2004  may include (and/or be in communication with) means for storing and/or creating content, such as a studio, stored video files, tapes, etc., and/or the like. In some implementations, the video distribution device  2004  may act as part of a video on demand system, whereby a video signal, which can be stored at the video distribution device  2004  or elsewhere, may be transmitted to a particular video reception device  2012  upon request by a subscriber. 
     In some cases, the video distribution device  2004  may be comprise and/or be incorporated in a NID. Examples of NIDs that may be used in accordance with various embodiments include all of the NIDs described above, as well as the NIDs (and/or demarcation devices) described in detail in the following commonly-owned, copending applications, all of which are incorporated by reference herein for all purposes: U.S. application Ser. No. 10/377,290 entitled “Systems and Methods for Forming Picture-In-Picture Signals” and filed Feb. 27, 2003 by Phillips et al.; U.S. application Ser. No. 10/377,282 entitled “Systems and Methods for Displaying Data Over Video” and filed Feb. 27, 2003 by Phillips et al.; U.S. application Ser. No. 10/367,596 entitled “Systems and Methods for Delivering a Data Stream to a Video Appliance” and filed Feb. 14, 2003 by Casey et al.; U.S. application Ser. No. 10/377,281 entitled “System and Methods for Providing and Displaying Picture-In-Picture Signals” and filed Feb. 27, 2003 by Casey et al.; U.S. application Ser. No. 10/391,518 entitled “Methods and Systems for Providing Video on Demand” and filed Mar. 17, 2003 by Cook et al.; U.S. application Ser. No. 10/444,941 entitled “Systems and Methods for Providing Television Signals Using a Network Interface Device” and filed May 22, 2003 by Phillips et al.; U.S. application Ser. No. 10/391,518 entitled “Methods and Systems for Providing Video on Demand” and filed Mar. 17, 2003 by Cook et al.; U.S. application Ser. No. 10/448,249 entitled “Methods and Apparatus for Delivering a Computer Data Stream to a Video Appliance With a Network Interface Device” and filed May 29, 2003 by Phillips et al.; U.S. application Ser. No. 10/715,879 entitled “Fiber Optic Internet Protocol Network Interface Device and Methods and Systems for Using the Same” and filed Nov. 17, 2003 by Phillips et al.; U.S. application Ser. No. 10/377,584 entitled “Systems and Methods For Delivering Picture-In-Picture Signals at Diverse Compressions and Bandwidths” and filed Feb. 27, 2003 by Phillips et al.; U.S. application Ser. No. 10/715,878 entitled “DOCSIS Network Interface Device and Methods and Systems for Using the Same” and filed Nov. 17, 2003 by Phillips et al.; U.S. application Ser. No. 10/715,881 entitled “Network Interface Device Having Virtual Private Network Capability” and filed Nov. 17, 2003 by Magarasevic et al.; and U.S. application Ser. No. 10/854,738 entitled “Systems and Methods for Distributing Urgent Messages Among Consumer Equipment” and filed concurrently herewith by Casey et al. 
     In some embodiments, a video distribution device  2012  may include one or more processors  2028 , which can be used to process video signals for transmission, as described more fully below. The processor(s) can be one or more of many commercially-available digital signal processors, general processors (such as those available from Intel, Motorola, IBM and others), application specific integrated circuits (“ASIC”), etc. and may be configured to execute software, firmware and/or hardware instructions in order to perform the necessary processing. In some cases, the may incorporate (or be incorporated within) one or more general purpose computers running appropriate application software. 
     The video distribution device  2004  may also comprise one or more storage media  2032 , which can be in communication with the processor(s)  2028  and can include hard disk drives and/or drive arrays, optical media, tapes and/or tape libraries, solid state memory (including RAM, ROM, etc.). Alternatively, the distribution device  2004  may simply be in communication with such media  2032 . The storage media  2032  can be used to store instructions and/or software applications used to configure and/or control the operation of the video distribution device  2004 . The storage media  2032  can also be used to store video and/or data that can be transmitted, buffer and/or queue video and/or data for transmission, and the like. 
     The video distribution device  2004  can also include one or more interfaces  2036  for communication with transport media  2016 . Those skilled in the art will recognize that the interfaces  2036  necessarily will depend on the type of transport media used; exemplary interfaces can include network interface cards (“NIC”), fiber interface cards, satellite uplinks, wireless modems, and/or the like. Such components are familiar to those skilled in the art and widely available. The interfaces  2036  can be configured to receive a video signal (or a portion thereof, as explained below) and transmit that signal to the intermediary device  2008  and/or video reception device  2012 , as appropriate, via communication lines  2016 . 
     The intermediary device  2008  can include components similar to the video distribution device  2004 , although the precise nature and/or configuration of the components may vary, according to the relative functions of these devices. Thus, the intermediary device can include one or more processors  2048 , as well as one or more storage media  2052 , which can be used to store instructions/software for operating the processors  2048 , as well as to store/buffer/queue transmissions (which can, for example, be received from the video distribution device  2004  and/or transmitted to a video reception device  2012 ). The intermediary device  2008  can also include a first set of one or more interfaces  2040  in communication with communication lines  2016  for receiving a video transmission from the video distribution device  2004 , as well as a second set of interfaces  2044  for transmitting the video transmission to one or more video reception devices  2012 . As noted above, the selection of the interfaces is discretionary: Any suitable interface (of which many are commercially available) may be used, and the type of interface used generally will depend on the nature of the communication line with which the interface is configured to communicate. 
     The video reception device  2012  likewise can have a set of one or more interfaces  2056 , which can be considered “external” interfaces, in that they provide communication with the video distribution device  2004  (optionally via one or more intermediary devices  2008 ). The video reception device  2012  may also include one or more processors  2060  and/or storage media  2064 , each of which may be similar in form and/or function to similar components described elsewhere herein. In particular embodiments, a video reception device can comprise and/or be incorporated in a NM, several of which are described herein and in the applications incorporated by reference above. In other embodiments, a video reception device can include components described with respect to such NIDs and/or can feature similar communication options. 
     The video reception device  2012  can include another set of one or more interfaces  2068 , which can be considered “internal” interfaces, in that they can communicate with one or more transmission media  2072 , which usually (but not always) will be located inside (or proximate to) the subscriber premises. These transmission media  2072  can be in further communication with one or more display devices  2076 . The display devices  2076  can include any device that is capable of displaying video transmissions, including without limitation, televisions, computer monitors, video phones (including wireless phones), handheld devices and/or the like. 
     As noted above, embodiments of the invention also provide methods that allow the provision of video (or other) transmissions over communication lines that otherwise may not be suitable to support such communications. Merely by way of example,  FIG. 12  illustrates a method  2100  of providing video services to a subscriber premises. For purposes of illustration, the method  2100  will be described with respect to the exemplary system depicted by  FIG. 11 , although it should be appreciated that methods in accordance with embodiments of the invention are not limited to any particular structural implementation. 
     In accordance with  FIG. 12 , a video signal may be provided (block  2104 ). As discussed above, the video signal may be received by a video distribution device  2004  from another source (e.g., via a connection  2024  with another source) and/or may originate at the video distribution device (e.g., via a storage medium  2032 , studio local to the video distribution device, etc.). If necessary, providing a video signal can comprise formatting and/or compressing a video signal from one format to another (e.g., analog to digital conversion, MPEG compression, etc.). In some cases, providing a video signal can comprise providing a stored video signal in response to a subscriber request (i.e., providing video on demand services, impulse-pay-per-view video services, etc.). In some embodiments, a processor  2028  may execute instructions to provide the video signal for transmission. 
     At block  2108 , the video signal/transmission can be segmented. In some cases, segmenting the video signal can be performed by a processor  2028 , and/or segmenting the video signal can comprise logically dividing the video signal into a plurality of transmission blocks and/or information sets. Merely by way of example, the video distribution device (and/or one or more processors therein) may be configured to divide a video signal into blocks of a certain size. The size may be constant or variable from block to block. In some cases, a given block may be allocated (as described below) for transmission via a particular communication line, and the size of a given block may be determined by the bandwidth of the communication line over which that block will be transmitted, either as on an absolute basis and/or relative to other communication lines. Thus, for example, if two communication lines are to be used to transmit a video signal, and the first line has a bandwidth that is twice the bandwidth of the second line, the blocks that are to be transmitted via the first line may be roughly twice the size of the blocks that are to be transmitted via the second line. Alternatively (or in addition), the video distribution device may be configured so that blocks allocated to a communication line of a particular bandwidth generally have a consistent size, which can be a function of the bandwidth, regardless of the bandwidths of other communication lines used to transmit other blocks from the same video signal. 
     Each transmission block may be considered a logical block of information, and/or multiple transmission blocks transmitted via a given transmission media may be considered an information set. The type of segmentation may vary. In some cases, for example, segmentation may be performed chronologically, such that each transmission block comprises a relatively short duration (which can range, for example, from one frame- 1/30 second, in some cases—to a portion of a second, to multiple seconds) of a video transmission As another example, an audio portion of a transmission/signal may be segmented from a video portion, and/or a segmentation algorithm may be configured to produce transmission blocks of certain sizes (which may or may not be consistent, depending on implementation-specific factors). Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other factors may be used as well to determine how a signal/transmission is to be segmented. 
     In some embodiments, segmenting the video signal can include additional operations that facilitate the transmission of the signal and/or the consolidation of transmission blocks at a later point in the process. Merely by way of example, the video distribution device may be configured to add header, timing, sequence and/or quality of service information to each transmission block, to facilitate the transmission/routing of transmission blocks and/or the re-assembly of the transmission blocks into a video transmission, for instance at a video reception device and/or display. (Such information may also be added at other points in the process, such as during allocation, queuing, transmission, etc., which are described in more detail below.) 
     As one example, one or more addresses (which can be unicast, multicast, broadcast, etc. as known in the art) corresponding to the destination (e.g., one or more video reception devices) can be added to each transmission block. As another example, in some embodiments (as noted above), the video signal may be segmented chronologically, such that a first transmission block comprises a first chronological portion of the video signal (such as one-tenth second, one second, two seconds, ten seconds, etc.), and a second transmission block comprises a second chronological portion of the video signal, wherein the second chronological portion immediately follows the first chronological portion. Optionally, therefore, header information added to the first and/or second transmission blocks indicate that, when reassembled, the video portion incorporated in the second transmission block should be appended directly to the video portion incorporated in the first transmission block. This process can be repeated for the totality of the video transmission as necessary. Based on the disclosure herein, those skilled in the art will recognize than many other types of “metadata” describing the video signal/transmission may be added to one or more logical blocks to facilitate their distribution and/or reassembly. 
     At block  2112 , the transmission blocks may be allocated to one or more communication lines. As explained above, a plurality of communication lines may be used to transmit a given video transmission, and each of the plurality of communication lines may have different bandwidths. Allocation of the transmission blocks, therefore, can, in some embodiments, account for disparities in the bandwidths of communication lines. For instance, if the video distribution device is configured to recognize that a first interface is in communication with a communication line with a bandwidth of X, and that a second interface is in communication with communication line with a bandwidth of 2×, the video distribution device can be further configured to allocate ⅔ of the transmission to the second interface and ⅓ of the transmission to the first interface (assuming the video transmission is to be transmitted via only two communication lines). Assuming each transmission block is the same size (which need not be the case, as explained above, but for simplicity&#39;s sake is assumed to be so in this example), then, a first transmission block may be allocated to the first interface, second and third transmission blocks may be allocated to the second interface, a fourth transmission block may be allocated to the first interface, fifth and sixth transmission blocks may be allocated to the second interface, and so forth. 
     At block  2116 , the transmission blocks may be queued and/or buffered (for instance, on a storage medium at the video distribution device) prior to transmission. The queuing of transmission blocks can allow for multiple transmission blocks to be prepared for transmission prior to beginning the transmission, which can provide for smoother playback by compensating for transient delays in the segmentation/allocation of transmission blocks. Queuing can also comprise consolidating (either actually or virtually) transmission blocks into an information set, which, as described above, may comprise a set of transmission blocks that are to be transmitted via a particular communication line. Those skilled in the art are well familiar with various methods of queuing/buffering data transmissions, many of which could be implemented in accordance with embodiments of the invention, and such methods will not be discussed in further detail herein. 
     At block  2120 , the transmission blocks (and/or information sets) may be transmitted (e.g., via one or more interfaces, as described above, which can be in communication with one or more communication lines). Often, transmission of transmission blocks/information sets will use known transmission protocols, such as TCP/IP-based protocols, and transmitting transmission blocks/information sets can comprise operations necessary to prepare the blocks/sets for transmission, such as encapsulation into IP packets, etc. Such operations are well-known to those skilled in the art, and need not be discussed in detail. 
     At bock  2124 , the transmitted transmission blocks/information sets may be received (e.g., by an interface at an intermediary device, video distribution device, etc.). If quality-of-service or other constraints are implemented, receiving a transmission may include transmitting a return message indicating receipt of the transmission (and, if no return message is received by the transmitting device, the missing blocks/sets may be retransmitted as necessary). Once received, transmission blocks/information sets optionally may be buffered (e.g. by storage on a storage medium), to compensate for transmission latency, etc. (block  2128 ). The steps of receiving and/or buffering the transmission blocks/information sets can be controlled by a processor in the receiving device, which may operate according to instructions, as described above. If a transmission (which can comprise one or more transmission blocks/information sets and/or can comprise an unsegmented transmission, as in the case of an intermediary device with a single, relatively high-bandwidth connection to a video distribution device) is received by an intermediary device, the transmission may segmented, allocated and/or re-transmitted (usually via a different interface) to another intermediary device, a video reception device and/or the like, using procedures similar to those described above. 
     If the transmission blocks/information sets are received by a video distribution device, however, the transmission blocks/information sets may be combined and/or consolidated into a video signal (block  2132 ), which usually will resemble the video signal originally processed by the video distribution device. The process of combining the transmission blocks/information sets can be performed by a video reception device (e.g., by one or more processors in the device) and/or by a set top box, display device (e.g., a television, etc.) with appropriate circuitry and/or software, or the like. In some cases, combining transmission blocks/information sets can be facilitated by headers and/or other information added to the blocks/sets when the video signal/transmission is originally segregated, as described above, and/or at other points in the process. Merely by way of example, if the process of segregating the transmission into transmission blocks includes adding timing, sequence and/or quality-of-service information to each block, the process of combining the blocks can include interpreting such information to determine in what manner the blocks should be combined. In addition, if such additional information indicates that a particular transmission block was not properly received (e.g., if the sequence information for two consecutively-received transmission blocks indicates that one or more blocks are missing from the sequence), the process of combining the transmission blocks/information sets can include requesting retransmission of any missing blocks from the video distribution device. 
     Once the blocks have been combined to form a video signal/transmission, that signal may be transmitted to a display device (including without limitation any of the devices described in detail above) for viewing/display (block  2136 ). Once again, transmission of the signal to a display device can employ buffering of the signal as appropriate to compensate for any transmission blocks that need to be retransmitted and/or any latency in the process. The buffering procedure can be as described above. 
     Thus, some embodiments of the invention provide methods that allow for a logical multiplexing of multiple communication lines to provide services for which any of the lines, on its own, would be insufficient. Because, in some embodiments, such methods can be thought of as operating at a logical level (as opposed to a physical level), the methods can serve to compensate in disparities between different bandwidths and other factors, providing a robust platform for the distribution of video services to previously-unavailable subscriber premises. 
     In conclusion, the present invention provides novel systems and methods for providing video and/or data services to a subscriber premises. While detailed descriptions of one or more embodiments of the invention have been given above, various alternatives, modifications, and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art without varying from the spirit of the invention. Moreover, except where clearly inappropriate or otherwise expressly noted, it should be assumed that the features, devices and/or components of different embodiments can be substituted and/or combined. Thus, the above description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.