Patent Publication Number: US-2021184544-A1

Title: Driver for motors

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Technical Field 
     The present invention relates to a driver for motors such as a brushless fan motor or the like. 
     The application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-167025 filed in Japan on Sep. 6, 2018, and contents thereof are incorporated herein by reference. 
     Related Art 
     For example, a brushless motor may be used as a fan motor. The fan motor may include a cooling fan and a circuit apparatus, the cooling fan is rotated by the fan motor and forms a cooling air flow in an axial direction by the rotation, and the circuit apparatus is arranged on the upper side of the fan motor in a vehicle attachment state and serves as a driver that controls the drive of the fan motor. 
     LITERATURE OF RELATED ART 
     Patent Literature 
     
         
         Patent literature 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-172861 
       
    
     SUMMARY 
     Problems to be Solved 
     In the brushless motor of the aforementioned prior art, the circuit apparatus serving as the driver for controlling the drive of the fan motor is cooled by blowing air from the cooling fan. 
     However, in the brushless motor, the driver may not be sufficiently cooled depending on a position where the cooling air hits, and there is also a risk that heat dissipation is insufficient. 
     In addition, in the brushless motor, the driver is usually not removable, and the driver cannot be arranged in a position other than a default position. Thus, in the brushless motor, there is a possibility that sufficient measures such as adjusting the driver position when the cooling air does not hit cannot be taken. 
     Therefore, the present invention provides a driver for motors which can take sufficient heat countermeasures in a manner that a heat dissipation mechanism is arranged in the driver and attachment to/detachment from the motor can also be easily performed. 
     Means to Solve Problems 
     In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes the following means. 
     The driver for motors of the present invention includes: an aluminum substrate which forms one surface of a housing; an insulating layer which is formed on a surface of the aluminum substrate; a plurality of electronic elements which are bonded to the insulating layer at a surface on a side opposite to the aluminum substrate; and a resin member that covers the surface onto which the electronic elements are bonded. This driver for motors is characterized in that the resin member is obtained by integrating a mold resin part which covers the electronic elements from an upper surface side, a connector which is electrically connected to the electronic elements, and a fitting part which is used for fitting to a motor. 
     With the above configuration, heat generated by the electronic elements of the driver can be efficiently released to the outside through the aluminum substrate which forms one surface of the housing. 
     In addition, in the above invention, by arranging the resin member which is obtained by integrating the mold resin part, the connector, and the fitting part on the aluminum substrate, molding of the electronic elements, electrical connection to the electronic elements, and fitting/removal/position adjustment to the motor can be performed at once. 
     The driver for motors of the present invention is characterized in that the fitting part of the resin member has a frame capable of accommodating the electronic elements, and the mold resin part is filled in the frame. 
     With the above configuration, through the frame, the driver can be easily fitted to the motor and the mold resin part can be easily filled. 
     The driver for motors of the present invention is characterized in that a surface of the aluminum substrate which is positioned on a side opposite to the insulating layer is black. 
     With the above configuration, emissivity can be improved by the black surface of the aluminum substrate, and heat dissipation of the electronic elements can be further improved. 
     The driver for motors of the present invention is characterized in that a heat sink is arranged on a surface of the aluminum substrate which is positioned on a side opposite to the insulating layer. 
     With the above configuration, the heat can be efficiently released through the aluminum substrate and the heat sink. 
     The driver for motors of the present invention is characterized in that one of the plurality of electronic elements is a memory, and a connector for writing to the memory is arranged as the connector. 
     With the above configuration, a variety of data (for example, a serial number, a producing process history, shipping inspection data, and the like) can be written to the memory among the electronic elements through the connector. 
     The driver for motors of the present invention is characterized in that the electronic elements are used as a control part for a motor that drives a cooling fan. 
     With the above configuration, the cooling fan can be driven efficiently. 
     The driver for motors of the present invention is characterized in that a ventilation area of the cooling fan driven by the motor is arranged on a surface of the aluminum substrate which is positioned on the a side opposite to the insulating layer. 
     With the above configuration, the cooling efficiency of the electronic elements can be improved. 
     Effect 
     According to the present invention, the heat generated by the electronic elements of the driver can be efficiently released to the outside through the aluminum substrate which forms one surface of the housing. 
     In addition, in the above invention, by arranging the resin member which is obtained by integrating the mold resin part, the connector, and the fitting part on the aluminum substrate, the molding of the electronic elements, the electrical connection to the electronic elements, and the fitting/removal/position adjustment to the motor can be performed at once, and attachment to/detachment from the motor can be freely performed. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a driver according to an embodiment of the present invention as viewed from the front side. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic configuration diagram showing a state in which the driver is installed on a motor according to the embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is an exploded perspective view of the driver according to the embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view of the driver according to the embodiment of the present invention as viewed from the back side. 
         FIG. 5A  is a cross-sectional view showing a substrate portion of the driver according to the embodiment of the present invention and shows an example of a case where an alumite treatment is not performed on an outer surface of an aluminum substrate. 
         FIG. 5B  is a cross-sectional view showing the substrate portion of the driver according to the embodiment of the present invention and shows an example of a case where an alumite treatment is not performed on the outer surface of the aluminum substrate. 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view when a heat sink is arranged on the back surface of the aluminum substrate according to the embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional view when the aluminum substrate of the driver according to the embodiment of the present invention is installed on a side opposite to the motor. 
         FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional view when the aluminum substrate of the driver according to the embodiment of the present invention is installed on the motor side. 
         FIG. 9  is a perspective view when a connector for motor three-phase wire according to the embodiment of the present invention is projected toward a mold resin side. 
         FIG. 10  is a block diagram showing a configuration of an IPD  200 . 
         FIG. 11  is a block diagram showing a configuration of an IPD  300 . 
         FIG. 12  is a block diagram showing a configuration of an IPD  400 . 
         FIG. 13  is a block diagram showing a configuration of an IPD  600 . 
         FIG. 14  is a block diagram showing a configuration of an IPD  700 . 
         FIG. 15  is a block diagram showing a configuration of an IPD  800 . 
         FIG. 16  is a diagram showing an overlapping variable rectangular wave energization pattern output by the IPD  800 . 
         FIG. 17  is a block diagram showing a configuration of an IPD  900 . 
         FIG. 18  is a block diagram showing a configuration of an iDU  130 . 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     A driver  100  of a motor  101  according to an embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to  FIGS. 1 to 8 . 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view of the driver  100  according to the embodiment as viewed from the front side.  FIG. 2  is a schematic configuration diagram showing a state in which the driver  100  is installed on the motor  101 . 
     The motor  101  shown in  FIG. 2  is used as, for example, a fan motor. The motor  101  includes: a supporter  1  serving as a base; a rotary shaft  3  erected on the supporter  1 ; a substantially bottomed tubular rotor  7  supported by the rotary shaft  3  via a bearing member  2  to rotate freely; and a stator  5  fixed to the radially inner side of the rotor  7 . 
     A winding wire  4  is wound around the stator  5 . A rotor magnet  6  is arranged on an inner peripheral surface of the rotor  7 . The winding wire  4  and the rotor magnet  6  are arranged at intervals in the radial direction. In addition, a cooling fan  8  that generates cooling air by the rotation is arranged on an outer peripheral surface of the rotor  7 . 
     In the motor  101  as described above, power supply to the winding wire  4  of each phase is switched based on a control signal from the driver  100  which serves as a controller, and thereby a rotation magnetic field is generated in the stator  5 . Then, in the motor  101 , the rotation magnetic field generated in the stator  5  acts on the rotor magnet  6  to rotate the rotor  7 , and the cooling fan  8  also rotates with the rotor  7 . This rotation of the cooling fan  8  produces cooling air indicated by an arrow A in  FIG. 2 . Moreover, with regard to the driver  100  in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the case is shown where the driver  100  is used as a controller of the motor  101  for driving the cooling fan  8 , but it is an example and the driver  100  can be applied to motors for various purposes. 
     Next, the configuration of the driver  100  serving as the controller is described with reference to  FIGS. 1, 3, 4, 5A, and 5B . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 2, 3, and 5A , the driver  100  includes: an aluminum substrate  10  forming one surface of a housing; an insulating layer  11  formed on a surface of the aluminum substrate  10 ; a plurality of electronic elements  13  bonded to a copper foil layer  12  (see  FIG. 5A ) which is on the insulating layer  11 ; and a resin member  14  that covers a surface onto which these electronic elements  13  are bonded. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5A , the copper foil layer  12  on the insulating layer  11  and the electronic elements  13  are sequentially laminated on an upper surface of the aluminum substrate  10 . In addition, the insulating layer  11  is made of an epoxy resin. 
     Moreover, the aluminum substrate  10  may be composed of a single aluminum layer  10 A as shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5A . In addition, in the aluminum substrate  10 , as shown in  FIG. 5B , an insulation oxide film  10 B may be integrally formed on the aluminum layer  10 A and the insulation oxide film  10 B is made of an aluminum oxide film by applying an alumite treatment to the outer surface side of the aluminum layer  10 A. Besides, by forming this insulation oxide film  10 B, application of static electricity from the outside can be blocked and insulation resistance can be improved. 
     In the plurality of electronic elements  13 , an integrated driver unit (iDU) is formed in which driver components (for example, a microcomputer, a control integrated circuit (IC), a field effect transistor (FET), a capacitor, a choke coil, and the like) are integrated into one package. 
     In addition, a memory function is arranged inside the plurality of electronic elements  13  in which the iDU is formed. 
     In the memory, codes that can identify individuals, a producing process history, shipping inspection data, and the like can be written/read as digital data. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , the resin member  14  has a configuration in which a mold resin part  20  that covers the electronic elements  13  from the upper surface, a connector  21  electrically connected to the electronic elements  13 , and a fitting part  22  for fitting the motor  101  are integrated. 
     The fitting part  22  includes a frame  23  which is fixed to a peripheral edge of the aluminum substrate  10  and in which the electronic elements  13  are accommodated, and fitting holes  24  which are arranged on both sides of the frame  23  in a way of being projected outward. Besides, the frame  23  is detachably fitted to the motor  101  via fitting screws (not shown) inserted into the fitting holes  24 . 
     In addition, the mold resin part  20  is formed by filling the frame  23  of the fitting part  22  installed on the aluminum substrate  10  with a coating resin. 
     In addition, because the frame  23  is arranged separately from the other members, the frame  23  can be appropriately changed according to a size and a fitting position of the aluminum substrate  10 . 
     In addition, as the connector  21 , a connector for motor three-phase wire (U, V, W)  21 A is arranged in the upper part of the diagram, a command DUTY connector  21 B for power supply, GND, motor drive, and motor stop, and a connector  21 C capable of controller area network (CAN) communication are respectively arranged in the lower part of the diagram. 
     Besides, in the driver  100  configured as described above, heat generated by the electronic elements  13  can be efficiently released to the outside through the aluminum substrate  10  which forms one surface of the housing. 
     In addition, in the driver  100 , the resin member  14  obtained by integrating the mold resin part  20 , the connector  21 , and the fitting part  22  can be installed on the aluminum substrate  10 . Therefore, molding of the electronic elements  13 , electrical connection to the electronic elements  13 , and fitting/removal/position adjustment to the motor  101  can be performed at once, and attachment to/detachment from the motor  101  can be freely performed. 
     In addition, in the driver  100 , the frame  23  capable of accommodating the electronic elements  13  is arranged as the fitting part  22  of the resin member  14 , and the mold resin part  20  is filled in the frame  23 . Besides, with this configuration, the driver can be easily fitted to the motor  101  and the mold resin part  20  can be easily filled through the frame  23 . 
     In addition, in the driver  100 , the memory is arranged in the plurality of electronic elements  13 , and the connector  21 C capable of controller area network (CAN) communication is arranged as the connector  21 . 
     Besides, with this configuration, a variety of data (for example, a serial number, producing process history, shipping inspection data, and the like) can be easily written/read to the memory in the electronic elements  13  through the connector  21 C. 
     In addition, the driver  100  is used as a control part of the motor  101  for driving the cooling fan  8  and thereby can efficiently drive the cooling fan  8 . 
     The configuration of the driver  100  shown in the above embodiment may be varied as follows. 
     Variation Example 1 
     In the driver  100 , a back surface of the aluminum substrate  10  positioned on a side opposite to the insulating layer  11  may be colored to black or a dark color close to black. Besides, with this configuration, the black surface of the aluminum substrate  10  can improve emissivity and can further improve heat dissipation of the electronic elements  13 . 
     Variation Example 2 
     In the driver  100 , the configuration is shown in which the fitting holes  24  are arranged on the both sides of the frame  23  as the fitting part  22 , but the present invention is not limited hereto, and the fitting holes  24  may be directly formed on the both sides of the mold resin part  20  without arranging the frame  23 . 
     Variation Example 3 
     In the driver  100 , as shown in  FIG. 6 , a heat sink  30  may be arranged on the back surface of the aluminum substrate  10  positioned on a side opposite to the insulating layer  11 . The heat sink  30  may have a configuration in which a large number of projecting bodies  30 A are arranged in a matrix shape on the back surface of the aluminum substrate  10 . Moreover, these projecting bodies  30 A may be arranged on the entire back surface of the aluminum substrate  10 , or may be partially arranged in a ventilation area where cooling air A from the cooling fan  8  hits. 
     Besides, with the above configuration, the heat can be efficiently released from the electronic elements  13  through the aluminum substrate  10  and the heat sink  30 . 
     Variation Example 4 
     In the driver  100 , the aluminum substrate  10  of the driver  100  is arranged on the side of the supporter  1  serving as the base of the motor  101 . However, the present invention is not limited hereto, and as shown in  FIG. 7 , a substrate support member  31  may be installed on the supporter  1 , and the aluminum substrate  10  may be positioned in a manner of facing a side opposite to the motor  101  via the substrate support member  31 . Moreover, in  FIG. 7 , the motor  101  is arranged inside a bottomed tubular case  50 , and the supporter  1  closes an opening of the case  50  (the same applies to  FIG. 8  below). 
     At this time, the heat sink  30  may be installed on the back side of the aluminum substrate  10 , and cooling air A′ from the fan may be guided to the heat sink  30 . 
     Variation Example 5 
     In the resin member  14  of the driver  100 , the connector for motor three-phase wire (U, V, W)  21 A of the connector  21  is positioned in the upper part of the frame  23  as shown in  FIGS. 1, 3, 4, and 6 . 
     However, the present invention is not limited hereto, and as shown in  FIG. 9 , a connector for motor three-phase wire  21 A′ of the connector  21  may be projected from the frame  23  to the front side where the mold resin part  20  is positioned. 
     At this time, in the connector for motor three-phase wire  21 A′ of the connector  21 , by projecting from the frame  23  to the front side in a vertical direction or an inclined direction, a degree of freedom of connector connection can be increased, and wiring layout can be performed freely. 
     Variation Example 6 
     In addition, the aluminum substrate  10  may be a substrate having high thermal conductivity such as a ceramic substrate or the like. In addition, the connector  21 C may be SPI communication or other non-standardized original communication as a communication specification other than the CAN communication. 
     In addition, the present invention is not limited hereto, and as shown in  FIG. 8 , the aluminum substrate  10  of the driver  100  may be arranged on the side of the supporter  1  serving as the base of the motor  101  and in the vicinity of the rotation shaft  3 . At this time, the heat of the electronic elements  13  transmitted to the aluminum substrate  10  may be transmitted to the back side through the supporter  1  and then discharged to the outside by circulating air B circulating in the supporter  1 . Moreover, the circulating air B may be sucked and exhausted through a gap  1 A between the case  50  and the supporter  1  by the rotation of the rotor  7 . 
     In addition,  FIGS. 7 and 8  are schematic configuration diagrams, and description of the insulating layer  11  and the copper foil layer  12  is omitted. 
     Hereinafter, configurations and functions of a plurality of (seven) intelligent power devices (IPDs) used as units corresponding to the above iDU (the iDU described in paragraph [0029]) are described. 
     First, an IPD  200  is described.  FIG. 10  is a block diagram showing a configuration of the IPD  200 . 
     The IPD  200  is a device capable of arbitrarily limiting input power input to the IPD and output power output by the IPD. 
     The IPD  200  includes an input block  201 , a control part  202 , a pre-driver  203 , a three-phase motor drive output block  204 , and a protection judgment logic circuit  205 . 
     The input block  201  outputs a command for driving the motor and stopping the motor, which is input to an input terminal  21 B 3 , to the control part  202  as a motor control command. 
     The control part  202  outputs an instruction signal to the pre-driver  203  based on the motor control command from the input block  201 . 
     In response to the instruction signal from the control part  202 , the pre-driver  203  outputs a drive signal to each transistor configuring the three-phase motor drive output block  204 , and controls on/off of each transistor. 
     The three-phase motor drive output block  204  is a three-phase inverter, is connected to the connector  21 B 1  to which input power from a power supply (battery) is supplied, and energizes, in response to the drive signal from the pre-driver  203 , a U-phase output terminal  21 A 1 , a V-phase output terminal  21 A 2 , and a W-phase output terminal  21 A 3  which are connected to a three-phase coil of the motor  101 . 
     The protection judgment logic circuit  205  includes a memory  205   a  and a power calculator  205   b.    
     The memory  205   a  is an electronic element capable of writing, storing, and reading a predetermined input power limit value and a predetermined output power limit value. Here, for example, the predetermined input power limit value and the predetermined output power limit value can be input by a user of the IPD  200  by the connector  21 B or the connector  21 C. 
     An input current measured by an input current monitor circuit  206   a  and an input voltage measured by an input voltage monitor circuit  206   b  are input to the power calculator  205   b , and the power calculator  205   b  calculates input power. In addition, an output current measured by an output current monitor circuit  207   a  and an output voltage measured by an output voltage monitor circuit  207   b  are input to the power calculator  205   b , and the power calculator  205   b  calculates output power. 
     The protection judgment logic circuit  205  compares the calculated input power with the predetermined input power limit value, and outputs the input power judgment result to the control part  202 . In addition, the protection judgment logic circuit  205  compares the calculated output power with the predetermined output power limit value, and outputs the output power judgment result to the control part  202 . 
     When the input power judgment result is that the calculated input power ≥the predetermined input power limit value, for example, the control part  202  outputs an instruction signal for lowering a voltage level of the drive signal output by the pre-driver  203 . Accordingly, the input power to the three-phase motor drive output block  204  can be controlled to approach the predetermined input power limit value. 
     In addition, when the input power judgment result is that the calculated input power &lt;the predetermined input power limit value, for example, the control part  202  informs the user by a warning display circuit (not shown) that the input power does not reach the predetermined input power limit value. Accordingly, by resetting the predetermined input power limit value, the input power to the three-phase motor drive output block  204  can be controlled to approach the predetermined input power limit value. 
     In addition, when the output power judgment result is that the calculated output power ≥the predetermined output power limit value, for example, the control part  202  outputs an instruction signal for lowering a DUTY of the drive signal output by the pre-driver  203 . Accordingly, the output power from the three-phase motor drive output block  204  can be controlled to approach the predetermined output power limit value. In addition, when the output power judgment result is that the calculated output power &lt;the predetermined output power limit value, for example, the control part  202  outputs an instruction signal for increasing the DUTY of the drive signal output by the pre-driver  203 . Accordingly, the output power from the three-phase motor drive output block  204  can be controlled to approach the predetermined output power limit value. 
     Conventionally, in order to limit the current, a voltage drop of a shunt resistor is detected by a LSI and compared with a reference voltage. 
     On the contrary, in the IPD  200 , the input current and the input voltage are monitored, and the input power is calculated. In addition, the memory  205   a  can also be added to determine (change) an arbitrary input power limit value. Similarly, by the configuration in which the output power can also be calculated on an output side, the power limit on the input side power and the power limit on the output side can be selected according to a product. 
     That is, the power limit can be performed by adding a power calculation function inside the IPD  200  and feeding back the power calculation function. In addition, by adding the memory function, the value of the power limit can be changed according to a request of the car maker. 
     Next, an IPD  300  is described.  FIG. 11  is a block diagram showing a configuration of the IPD  300 . 
     In a conventional IPD, for overheat protection, a temperature is measured by a thermistor, the measured temperature is converted into a voltage and compared with a reference voltage value, and thereby, whether the overheat protection is necessary is judged. However, in order to change a heating protection threshold value which is the reference voltage value, the power supply for supplying the reference voltage value is a fixed power supply, and thus, if the fixed power supply is hardware, the hardware must be changed. Thus, it is not easy that the IPD overheat protection threshold value changes for each car maker or each car model. Therefore, in the IPD  300 , by adding a memory function, the overheat protection threshold value can be changed for each car maker or each product model. 
     As shown in  FIG. 11 , the IPD  300  includes a logic circuit+pre-driver  3025 , a protection judgment logic circuit  305 , a memory function  305   a , and a temperature detection circuit  305   b.    
     Moreover, the input block  201  and the three-phase motor drive output block  204  shown in  FIG. 10  are omitted in  FIG. 11 . 
     The logic circuit+pre-driver  3025  includes the control part  202  and the pre-driver  203  which are shown in  FIG. 10 . The control part  202  outputs the instruction signal to the pre-driver  203  based on the motor control command from the input block  201 . In response to the instruction signal from the control part  202 , the pre-driver  203  outputs the drive signal to each transistor configuring the three-phase motor drive output block  204 , and controls the on/off of each transistor. 
     The memory function  305   a  is an electronic element capable of writing, storing, and reading a predetermined overheat protection threshold value. Here, for example, the predetermined overheat protection threshold value can be input by a user of the IPD  300  with the connector  21 C (not shown). 
     The temperature detection circuit  305   b  includes a resistance element  3051 , a thermistor  3052 , a variable voltage circuit  3053 , and a comparator  3054 . 
     One end of the resistance element  3051  is connected to the power supply terminal (the connector  21 B 1  shown in  FIG. 10 ), and the other end is connected to one end of the thermistor  3052  and a (−) input terminal of the comparator  3054 . 
     One end of the thermistor  3052  is connected to the other end of the resistance element  3051  and the (−) input terminal of the comparator  3054 , and the other end of the thermistor  3052  is grounded. The thermistor is a resistor whose electrical resistance changes significantly with respect to temperature changes. Utilizing this phenomenon, the thermistor is also used as a sensor for measuring the temperature. The sensor is usually used for measurement from −50° C. to about 150° C. 
     The (−) input terminal of the comparator  3054  is connected to a common contact of the other end of the resistance element  3051  and the one end of the thermistor  3052 , and a voltage detected by the thermistor  3052  (referred to a thermistor detection voltage) is input. A (+) input terminal of the comparator  3054  is connected to the variable voltage circuit  3053 , and the voltage of the variable voltage circuit  3053  (the predetermined overheat protection threshold value) is input. 
     When the thermistor detection voltage ≥the predetermined overheat protection threshold value, for example, the comparator  3054  outputs a logic signal (a judgment result) which becomes a high (H) level from a low (L) level to the protection judgment logic circuit  305 . 
     On the other hand, when the thermistor detection voltage &lt;the predetermined overheat protection threshold value, the comparator  3054  outputs the L-level logic signal (the judgment result) to the protection judgment logic circuit  305 . 
     The protection judgment logic circuit  305  waveform-shapes the judgment result output by the comparator  3054  and outputs a signal of the waveform-shaped judgment result to the logic circuit+pre-driver  3025 . 
     When the judgment result signal is that the thermistor detection voltage ≥the predetermined overheat protection threshold value, for example, the logic circuit of the logic circuit+pre-driver  3025  outputs an instruction signal for lowering the DUTY of the drive signal output by the pre-driver  203 . Accordingly, the output power from the three-phase motor drive output block  204  can be lowered and the detection voltage of the thermistor can be controlled to approach the predetermined overheat protection threshold value. 
     In addition, when the judgment result signal is that the thermistor detection voltage &lt;the predetermined overheat protection threshold value, for example, the logic circuit of the logic circuit+pre-driver  3025  outputs an instruction signal for increasing the DUTY of the drive signal output by the pre-driver  203 . Accordingly, even if the output power from the three-phase motor drive output block  204  is increased, the detection voltage of the thermistor can be controlled to approach the predetermined overheat protection threshold value. 
     In the conventional IPD, as described above, for the overheat protection, the temperature is measured by the thermistor, and the measured temperature is converted into the voltage and compared with the reference voltage value, and thereby, whether the overheat protection is necessary is judged. However, in order to change the heating protection threshold value which is the reference voltage value, the power supply for supplying the reference voltage value is the fixed power supply, and thus, if the fixed power supply is the hardware, the hardware must be changed. Thus, it is not easy that the IPD overheat protection threshold value changes for each car maker or each car model. 
     Therefore, in the IPD  300 , by adding the memory function, the overheat protection threshold value can be changed for each car maker or each product model. 
     Next, an IPD  400  is described.  FIG. 12  is a block diagram showing a configuration of the IPD  400 . 
     In the conventional IPD, the function of the control part is specialized for a specific motor (for example, a fan motor), and thus this IPD cannot be applied to another motor. For example, as the function of the control part, the fan motor starts slowly, but an oil pump must start quickly, and thus the IPD cannot be applied to the oil pump. As described above, there is a problem that because the motors to which the IPD can be applied are limited, a quantity merit at the time of production cannot be obtained and cost cannot be reduced. 
     Therefore, the IPD  400  can be applied to various motors by adding a memory function, and thus, a quantity merit when the same IPD is produced can be easily achieved. 
     As shown in  FIG. 12 , the IPD  400  includes a control part  402 , a pre-driver  403 , a power device  404 , and a memory function  405   a.    
     Moreover, the input block  201  shown in  FIG. 10  is omitted in  FIG. 12 . 
     The control part  402  outputs an instruction signal to the pre-driver  403  based on the motor control command from the input block  201  shown in  FIG. 10 . 
     In response to the instruction signal from the control part  402 , the pre-driver  403  outputs a drive signal to each transistor configuring the power device  404 , and controls on/off of each transistor. 
     The power device  404  is a three-phase inverter and energizes, in response to the drive signal from the pre-driver  403 , a U-phase output terminal  21 A 1 , a V-phase output terminal  21 A 2 , and a W-phase output terminal  21 A 3  which are connected to the three-phase coil of the motor  101 . 
     The memory function  405   a  is an electronic element capable of writing, storing, and reading setting data for selecting a predetermined function. Here, for example, the setting data for selecting the predetermined function is configured to be input by a user of IPD  400  with a connector  21 B 4 . 
     In the embodiment, the setting data has two types which are function ON and function OFF. Besides, as shown in  FIG. 12 , the memory function  405   a  outputs the function OFF to the control part  402  and the pre-driver  403 , and thereby the power device  404  operates in a first energization mode to energize the U-phase output terminal  21 A 1 , the V-phase output terminal  21 A 2 , and the W-phase output terminal  21 A 3  which are connected to the three-phase coil of the motor  101 . 
     On the other hand, the memory function  405   a  outputs the function ON to the control part  402  and the pre-driver  403 , and thereby the power device  404  operates in a second energization mode to energize the U-phase output terminal  21 A 1 , the V-phase output terminal  21 A 2 , and the W-phase output terminal  21 A 3  which are connected to the three-phase coil of the motor  101 . 
     Here, in the first energization mode, the control part  402  outputs, for example, a first instruction signal for using a DUTY of the drive signal output by the pre-driver  403  as a predetermined DUTY. Accordingly, output power from the power device  404  can be controlled to approach a predetermined output power value (here, the motor  101  can be slowly started). 
     In addition, in the second energization mode, the control part  402  outputs, for example, an instruction signal for increasing the DUTY of the drive signal output by the pre-driver  403 . Accordingly, output power from the power device  404  can be controlled to approach an output power value greater than the predetermined output power value in the first energization mode (here, the motor  101  can be suddenly started). 
     In the conventional IPD, as described above, the function of the control part is specialized for the specific motor (for example, the fan motor), and thus this IPD cannot be applied to another motor. For example, as the function of the control part, the fan motor starts slowly, but the oil pump must start quickly, and thus the IPD cannot be applied to the oil pump. As described above, there is a problem that because the motors to which the IPD can be applied are limited, the quantity merit at the time of production cannot be obtained and the cost cannot be reduced. 
     Therefore, the IPD  400  can be applied to various motors by adding the memory function, and thus, the quantity merit when the same IPD is produced can be easily achieved. 
     Next, an IPD  600  is described.  FIG. 13  is a block diagram showing a configuration of the IPD  600 . 
     In the conventional IPD, a command pulse input frequency can only be subjected to a fixed setting (for example: 5 to 80 Hz). However, between a vehicle upper ECU and the IPD, if a command pulse specification is, for example, a specification of company A, a frequency range is determined as 25 Hz±2 Hz. However, because the setting for accepting a command pulse on the IPD side is fixed (for example: 5 to 80 Hz) as described above, when a command of the upper ECU is, for example, 50 Hz as a specification of another company, the command deviates from the “frequency range of 25 Hz±2 Hz” as the command pulse specification determined between the vehicle upper ECU and the IPD. However, because the command of this upper ECU is in the range of the fixed setting (for example: 5 to 80 Hz) as the command pulse input frequency, the system (IPD) operates in a state that the system cannot be judged as abnormal. For example, as a result, the IPD continues to operate even in a state of IPD abnormality, and thus, when the fan motor is driven, engine cooling becomes excessive and vehicle fuel consumption will be lowered. 
     In addition, because the command pulse input frequency is different for each car maker, the command pulse specification must be set for each car maker, and derivative models cannot be developed. 
     Therefore, in the IPD  600 , the command pulse input frequency can be changed by adding a memory function. 
     As shown in  FIG. 13 , the IPD  600  includes an input circuit  601 , a command range judgment circuit  605 , and a memory function  605   a.    
     Moreover, the control part  202 , the pre-driver  203 , and the three-phase motor drive output block  204  which are shown in  FIG. 10  are omitted in  FIG. 13 . 
     The input circuit  601  corresponds to the input block  201  shown in  FIG. 10  and outputs, to the command range judgment circuit  605  as a motor control command, the command pulse input frequency which is the command coming from the upper ECU  650  and input to the input terminal  21 B 3 . 
     When the command pulse input frequency input as the motor control command is within the command range set in the memory function  605   a , the command range judgment circuit  605  outputs this motor control command to the control part  202  shown in  FIG. 10 . 
     The control part  202  outputs an instruction signal to the pre-driver  203  shown in  FIG. 10  based on the motor control command from the command range judgment circuit  605 . 
     In response to the instruction signal from the control part  202 , the pre-driver  203  outputs a drive signal to each transistor configuring the three-phase motor drive output block  204  shown in  FIG. 10 , and controls on/off of each transistor. 
     Here, the command pulse input frequency is a value representing a frequency of the drive signal (the command pulse). The pre-driver  203  changes the DUTY of the drive signal in a range of 0% to 100% according to the instruction signal from the control part  202 . Here, the DUTY is a value defined as a H-level period of this drive signal/one cycle of this drive signal (=the H-level period of the drive signal×one frequency of this drive signal). 
     In response to the instruction signal from the control part  202 , the pre-driver  403  determines the frequency and the DUTY of the drive signal, outputs the drive signal to each transistor configuring the three-phase motor drive output block  204 , and controls the on/off of each transistor. 
     In the memory function  605   a , a command range is set in which a predetermined upper limit/lower limit (for example, ±8%) is added to the command pulse specification for each car maker. Here, as shown in  FIG. 13 , the connector  21 B 4  is arranged in order to select the set command range. The user can select any command range via the connector  21 B 4 . 
     When the command pulse input frequency input as the motor control command is within the selected command range, the command range judgment circuit  605  outputs this motor control command to the control part  202 . 
     The control part  202  outputs an instruction signal to the pre-driver  203  based on the motor control command from the command range judgment circuit  605 . 
     In response to the instruction signal from the control part  202 , the pre-driver  203  determines the frequency and the DUTY of the drive signal, outputs the drive signal to each transistor configuring the three-phase motor drive output block  204 , and controls the on/off of each transistor. 
     In the conventional IPD, as described above, the setting for accepting the command pulse is fixed, and thus the IPD operates in a state that the IPD cannot be judged as abnormal even if the command pulse deviates from the command range. On the contrary, in the IPD of the embodiment, the IPD  600  which is not desired to operate at the time of abnormality can be shifted to an operation at the time of abnormality (fail-safe). For example, when the command pulse input frequency input as the motor control command is not within the command range set in the memory function  605   a , the command range judgment circuit  605  outputs an instruction signal for causing the DUTY of the motor to approach 0% to the control part without changing the frequency indicated by this motor control command, to thereby bring the motor into a state close to stopping. In addition, in the conventional IPD, the command pulse specification must be set for each car maker, and the derivative models cannot be developed. In the IPD  600 , the command pulse specification for each car maker is previously set in the memory, and thus correspondence is facilitated and generality is increased. 
     That is, in the IPD  600 , the command pulse input frequency can be changed by adding the memory function inside the IPD. 
     Next, an IPD  700  is described.  FIG. 14  is a block diagram showing a configuration of the IPD  700 . 
     The IPD  700  is a device in which 12 V and 48 V specifications can be changed with one hardware by adding a memory function to the IPD. 
     The IPD  700  includes a 12 V/48 V-system shared power supply circuit  706 , an input block  701 , a control part  702 , a 12 V/48 V-system variable pre-driver  703 , a 12 V/48 V-system shared three-phase motor drive output block  704 , a protection function circuit  705 , and a memory function  705   a.    
     The input block  701  outputs a command for motor drive and motor stop that is input to the input terminal  21 B 3  to the control part  702  as a motor control command. 
     The control part  702  outputs an instruction signal to the 12 V/48 V-system variable pre-driver based on the motor control command from the input block  701 . 
     In response to the instruction signal from the control part  702 , the 12 V/48 V-system variable pre-driver  703  outputs a drive signal to each transistor configuring the 12 V/48 V-system shared three-phase motor drive output block, and controls on/off of each transistor. 
     The 12 V/48 V-system shared three-phase motor drive output block  704  is a three-phase inverter, is connected to the 12 V/48 V-system shared power supply circuit  706  which is connected to the connector  21 B 1  to which the input power from the power supply (battery) is supplied, and energizes, in response to the drive signal from the pre-driver  203 , the U-phase output terminal  21 A  1 , the V-phase output terminal  21 A 2 , and the W-phase output terminal  21 A 3  which are connected to the three-phase coil of the motor  101 . 
     The protection function circuit  705  is connected to the memory function  705   a.    
     The memory function  705   a  is an electronic element capable of writing, storing, and reading a threshold value of overcurrent detection in a 12 V/48 V-system and a hysteresis value corresponding to a difference between overcurrent detection threshold values in a 12 V-system and a 48 V-system. Here, for example, the threshold value of the overcurrent detection in the 12 V/48 V-system and the hysteresis value for the overcurrent detection in the 12 V-system and the 48 V-system can be input by a user of the IPD  700  with the connector  21 B or the connector  21 C. In addition, the memory function  705   a  is an electronic element capable of writing, storing, and reading a threshold value of overvoltage detection in the 12 V/48 V-system and a hysteresis value corresponding to a difference between overvoltage detection threshold values in the 12 V-system and the 48 V-system. 
     In addition, the memory function  705   a  is an electronic element capable of writing, storing, and reading a threshold value of low-voltage detection in the 12 V/48 V-system and a hysteresis value corresponding to a difference between low-voltage detection threshold values in the 12 V-system and the 48 V-system. In addition, the memory function  705   a  is an electronic element capable of writing, storing, and reading a threshold value of power limit detection in the 12 V/48 V-system and a hysteresis value corresponding to a difference between power limit detection threshold values in the 12 V-system and the 48 V-system. 
     The memory function  705   a  outputs, to the protection function circuit  705 , operation voltage data indicating which one of the voltage systems of 12 V and 48 V the IPD  700  operates in, the threshold values used for the 12 V-system detection (the overvoltage detection threshold value, the overcurrent detection threshold value, the low-voltage detection threshold value, and the power limit detection threshold value), and the hysteresis values (the values corresponding to the differences between the overvoltage detection threshold values, the overcurrent detection threshold values, the low-voltage detection threshold values, and the power limit detection threshold values of the 12 V-system and the 48 V-system). 
     In addition, when the IPD  700  is switched from the 12 V-system to the 48 V-system or from the 48 V-system to the 12 V-system, the memory function  705   a  outputs a second instruction signal accompanying the switching to the 12 V/48 V-system variable pre-driver  703 . Then, the memory function  705   a  outputs, in synchronization with the instruction signal from the control part  702  with respect to the 12 V/48 V-system variable pre-driver  703 , a drive signal corresponding to the 12 V-system or the 48 V-system to each transistor configuring the 12 V/48 V-system shared three-phase motor drive output block  704 , and controls on/off of each transistor. 
     When the operation voltage data input from the memory function  705   a  indicates 12 V, for example, the protection function circuit  705  compares, as follows, a magnitude of a voltage value (voltage detection value) measured by a voltage measurement part with the overvoltage detection threshold value used for the 12 V-system detection and input from the memory function  705   a , and outputs an overvoltage detection judgment result to the control part  202 , wherein the voltage measurement part is arranged between the 12 V/48 V-system shared three-phase motor drive output block  704  and the 12 V/48 V-system shared power supply circuit  706 . 
     When the overvoltage detection judgment result is that the voltage detection value ≥the overvoltage detection threshold value, for example, the control part  202  outputs an instruction signal for lowering the DUTY of the drive signal output by the pre-driver  203 . Accordingly, the voltage detection value can be controlled to approach the overvoltage detection threshold value. 
     In addition, when the output power judgment result is that the voltage detection value &lt;the overvoltage detection threshold value, for example, the control part  202  outputs an instruction signal for increasing the DUTY of the drive signal output by the pre-driver  203 . Accordingly, the voltage detection value can be controlled to approach the overvoltage detection threshold value. 
     On the other hand, when the operation voltage data input from the memory function  705   a  indicates 48 V, for example, the protection function circuit  705  compares, as follows, the magnitude of the voltage detection value measured by the voltage measurement part with the overvoltage detection threshold value and the hysteresis value used for the 12 V-system detection and input from the memory function  705   a , and outputs the overvoltage detection judgment result to the control part  202 . 
     When the overvoltage detection judgment result is that the voltage detection value ≥(the overvoltage detection threshold value+the hysteresis value), for example, the control part  202  outputs an instruction signal for lowering the DUTY of the drive signal output by the pre-driver  203 . Accordingly, the voltage detection value can be controlled to approach the overvoltage detection threshold value. 
     In addition, when the output power judgment result is that the voltage detection value &lt;(the overvoltage detection threshold value+the hysteresis value), for example, the control part  202  outputs an instruction signal for increasing the DUTY of the drive signal output by the pre-driver  203 . Accordingly, the voltage detection value can be controlled to approach the overvoltage detection threshold value. 
     Conventionally, the IPD is designed as hardware exclusively for a 12 V power supply, but cannot support a 48 V power supply beginning to be supported in Europe, and another kind of hardware needs to be set again. 
     On the contrary, in the IPD  700 , it is not necessary to consider the conventional 12 V-system and the 48 V-system supported in Europe as separate ones. For example, the threshold value of the overvoltage detection (overvoltage detection threshold value) and the hysteresis value can be set and changed at 12 V/48 V. Moreover, the threshold value of the overvoltage detection (overcurrent detection threshold value) and the hysteresis value thereof, the threshold value of the low-voltage detection (low-voltage detection threshold value) and the hysteresis value thereof, and the threshold value of the power limit detection (power limit detection threshold value) and the hysteresis value thereof may be set and changed at 12 V/48 V. 
     That is, by adding the memory function of the IPD  700 , the 12 V and 48 V specifications can be changed with one hardware. 
     Next, an IPD  800  is described.  FIG. 15  is a block diagram showing a configuration of the IPD  800 . In addition,  FIG. 16  is a diagram showing an overlapping variable rectangular wave energization pattern output by the IPD  800 . 
     The IPD  800  is a device for reducing a volume generated when the motor  101 , which is a target to which the IPD  800  is energized, rotates. 
     The IPD  800  includes an input block  801 , a control part  802 , a pre-driver  803 , and a three-phase motor drive output block  804 . 
     The input block  801  outputs a command for driving the motor and stopping the motor, which is input to the input terminal  21 B 3 , to the control part  802  as a motor control command. 
     The control part  802  outputs an instruction signal to the pre-driver  803  based on the motor control command from the input block  801 . 
     In response to the instruction signal from the control part  802 , the pre-driver  803  outputs a drive signal to each transistor configuring the three-phase motor drive output block  804 , and controls on/off of each transistor. 
     The three-phase motor drive output block  804  is a three-phase inverter, is connected to the connector  21 B 1  (not shown in  FIG. 15 ) to which the input power from the power supply (battery) is supplied, and energizes, in response to the drive signal from the pre-driver  803 , the U-phase output terminal  21 A 1 , the V-phase output terminal  21 A 2 , and the W-phase output terminal  21 A 3  which are connected to the three-phase coil of the motor  101 . 
     The control part  802  includes a memory  802   a.    
     The memory  802   a  is an electronic element capable of writing, storing, and reading a predetermined overlap (hereinafter, referred to as variable overlap). Here, for example, the predetermined overlap can be input by a user of the IPD  800  with the connector  21 B or the connector  21 C. 
     Moreover, the overlap refers to, for example, a period in which a H level of a U-phase output, a H level of a W-phase output, and a H level of a V-phase output overlap. Conventionally, this overlap has been fixed at, for example, 15° in the case of 150° C. rectangular wave energization. However, because the memory  802   a  stores the variable overlap, the overlap can be changed between 0° and 75° in the case of the 150° C. rectangular wave energization, and can be set to a variable overlap value at which the noise reduction is achieved most. 
     The control part  802  outputs an instruction signal including this variable overlap to the pre-driver  803 . 
     In the pre-driver  803 , in response to the instruction signal from the control part  802 , the three-phase motor drive output block  204  outputs a drive signal for energizing, according to the rectangular wave energization pattern shown in  FIG. 16 , the U-phase output terminal  21 A  1 , the V-phase output terminal  21 A 2 , and the W-phase output terminal  21 A 3  which are connected to the three-phase coil of the motor  101 . 
     Accordingly, the IPD  800  can energize each phase by the rectangular wave energization pattern for the purpose of noise reduction. 
     In the conventional IPD, when a three-phase rectangular wave energization method is selected for driving the motor, for example, if the purpose is the noise reduction, the 150° C. rectangular wave energization is considered. The conventional IPD is a driver that energizes a pattern with a fixed overlap, and the amount of overlap could only be set to a fixed value (for example, the above 15°), and an effect on quietness cannot be optimized. 
     On the contrary, in the IPD  800 , the memory function can be added, the amount of overlap can be changed according to the motor specification, and the optimum quietness can be set. 
     That is, in the IPD  800 , by adding a memory function to the IPD, the overlap can be changed from the fixed setting to a variable setting. 
     Next, an IPD  900  is described.  FIG. 17  is a block diagram showing a configuration of the IPD  900 .  FIG. 17  shows an ASSEMBLY  910  having the IPD  900  as a component. 
     Because a conventional ASSEMBLY does not have a control means (on/off control) for an upper power relay, the control of the upper power relay relies on an upper ECU. That is, the upper ECU controls all of a plurality of power relays used when power is supplied from the power supply (battery) to the motor. 
     In this configuration, it is necessary to give the upper ECU many functions, and particularly, it is expected that the relay control becomes a burden in the case of a high function ECU such as an engine ECU. 
     Therefore, a purpose of the ASSEMBLY  910  is to add a relay drive circuit and a memory function inside the IPD so that the upper power relay can be controlled (turned on/off). 
     As shown in  FIG. 17 , the IPD  900  includes a memory function  905   a , a fail-safe function  905   b , and a relay drive circuit  906 . 
     In addition, an upper ECU  950  includes a relay drive circuit  950   a.    
     In addition, a power supply  960  supplies power to the motor via a power supply path configured by a pre-charge relay  921  and a connector  21 B 11  of the ASSEMBLY  910 . 
     In addition, the power supply  960  supplies power to the motor via a power supply path configured by an upper power relay  922  and a connector  21 B 12  of the ASSEMBLY  910 . 
     Here, the relay drive circuit  950   a  of the upper ECU  950  outputs a first control signal that becomes H/L in order to control on/off of the pre-charge relay  921 . 
     In addition, the relay drive circuit  906  of the IPD  900  outputs a second control signal that becomes H/L in order to control on/off of the upper power relay  922 . 
     Accordingly, the number of the upper power relays controlled by the upper ECU  950  changes from two (the pre-charge relay  921  and the upper power relay  922 ) to one (the pre-charge relay  921 ), and thus, in vehicle design of the car maker, the control function of the upper ECU for the upper power relay can be reduced, and as a result, a load on the upper ECU can be reduced. 
     In addition, by incorporating the relay drive circuit  906  and the memory function  905   a  having the relay control function into the IPD  900 , the ASSEMBLY  910  can control (turn on/off) the upper power relay  922  at any timing. As an arbitrary timing, for example, it is conceivable to turn off the upper power relay  922  at the time of fail-safe. 
     In this way, by combination with the fail-safe function  905   b , the power supply to the motor can be completely cut off, and a safer protection state can be created. Moreover, in order to completely cut off the power supply to the motor, the relay drive circuit  950   a  of the upper ECU  950  needs to turn off the pre-charge relay  921 , and thus a contact signal for notifying the upper ECU  950  to turn off the upper power relay  922  at the time of fail-safe is output. 
     However, it does not mean that the upper power relay is turned off at each time of fail-safe, and it is desirable to make settings by the memory function  905   a  so that the relay control (on/off) can be set as necessary for each fail-safe item. 
     In the conventional ASSEMBLY, as described above, it is necessary to give the upper ECU many functions, and particularly, it is expected that the relay control becomes a burden in the case of the high function ECU such as the engine ECU. 
     Therefore, in the ASSEMBLY  910 , the relay drive circuit  906  and the memory function  905   a  are added inside the IPD  900  so that the upper power relay  922  can be controlled (turned on/off). 
     Accordingly, in the vehicle design of the car maker, the control function of the upper ECU  950  for the upper power relay  922  can be reduced, and as a result, the load on the upper ECU  950  can be reduced. 
     Because the configurations and the functions of the seven IPDs (the IPDs  200 ,  300 ,  400 ,  600 ,  700 ,  800 , and  900 ) are described above, then, configurations and functions of iDUs  120  and  130  used as variation examples of the aforementioned iDU are described. 
     First, an iDU  120  is described. 
     In a conventional iDU, it takes time to identify failures in products returned due to market defects or the like. This is because there are many analysis procedures to identify the cause. 
     In addition, there are cases where handling when the defective product is taken out of the vehicle is poor, and information such as a fact that a product state has deteriorated or the like is not received. 
     On the contrary, in the iDU  120 , fail information such as overcurrent, overvoltage, overheat, low voltage, or the like is left in a memory in the iDU  120  in order that an approximate cause of the failures can be confirmed at the timing of analysis start. In addition, vehicle environment abnormalities, such as shock, vibration, drop (for example, observed with a gyro sensor), vehicle speed abnormalities (for example, observed by detecting a wind speed with pressure), and water intrusion detection, are left. 
     In this way, the iDU  120  has a configuration in which a variety of fail information is left in the memory and can be read. 
     Accordingly, in the iDU  120 , the cause of failures of the product returned due to market defects or the like can be confirmed by reading the memory information. In addition, because there are cases where the handling when the defective product is taken out of the vehicle is rough (cases of shock or drop), if the failure of shock or drop is confirmed in the memory information, separation can be performed at the time of failure analysis. In addition, the car maker or Tire  1  (a maker who supply components directly to a completed car maker) can be promptly informed. 
     Finally, an iDU  130  is described.  FIG. 18  is a block diagram showing a configuration of the iDU  130 . 
     As threats to automobile security, various risks such as hijacking of automobile functions, remote control, the resulting loss of life, and the like are assumed. 
     In recent years, incidents and accidents that threaten information security caused by in-vehicle electronic devices have been confirmed, and information security needs to be strengthened. The incidents and accidents that threaten information security mostly utilize software vulnerabilities. 
     The memory in the iDU is assumed to be written and read using CAN communication, and measures are required for both hardware and software from the viewpoint of information security. 
     Therefore, in the iDU  130 , security of a memory  134  is strengthened by both hardware and software measures. 
     As a hardware measure, memory access is physically limited by a short pin, a voltage input terminal, or the like. That is, as shown in  FIG. 18 , a short wire is arranged between the short pin (the connector  21 C 1 ) and the voltage input terminal (the connector  21 B 2 ). Moreover, although the short wire is arranged outside the iDU  130  in  FIG. 18 , the short wire may be arranged inside the iDU  130 . 
     A memory writing/reading apparatus  131  is a circuit included by the iDU  130  and includes a short-circuit detection circuit  132 , a communication input/output circuit  133 , and the memory  134 . 
     The short-circuit detection circuit  132  outputs a detection signal indicating that a noise is detected to the communication input/output circuit  133  when the noise is generated in the connector  21 B 2 . 
     Accordingly, the communication input/output circuit  133  prohibits the data stored in the memory  134  from being exchanged (input/output) with the outside via the communication pin (the connector  21 C). Moreover, during a period when the detection signal is not input, the data stored in the memory  134  can be exchanged with the outside via the connector  21 C without being prohibited. 
     In this way, as a hardware measure, memory access is physically limited. In addition, as a software measure, operation limitation is set by encrypting communication information or the like to prevent unauthorized access. 
     That is, in the iDU  130 , security can be strengthened more than before by taking measures with both software and hardware. 
     The embodiment of the present invention is specifically described above with reference to the drawings, but the specific configuration is not limited to the embodiment, and design changes and the like within a range not deviating from the gist of the present invention are also included. 
     For example, in the above embodiment, the case has been described where the motor  101  is used as, for example, a fan motor. However, the present invention is not limited hereto. The cooling fan  8  can be removed from the motor  101 , and the motor  101  can be used for various purposes. At the same time, the driver  100  can be applied to the motor  101  used for various purposes. 
     REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
     
         
         
           
               1  supporter 
               2  bearing member 
               3  rotation shaft 
               4  winding wire 
               5  stator 
               6  rotor magnet 
               7  rotor 
               8  fan 
               10  aluminum substrate 
               10 A aluminum layer 
               10 B insulation oxide film 
               11  insulating layer 
               12  copper foil layer 
               13  electronic element 
               14  resin member 
               20  mold resin part 
               21  connector 
               22  fitting part 
               23  frame 
               24  fitting hole 
               30  heat sink 
               100  driver 
               101  motor 
             A cooling air 
             A′ cooling air 
             B circulating air 
               120 ,  130  iDU 
               200 ,  300 ,  400 ,  600 ,  700 ,  800 ,  900  IPD 
               201 ,  701 ,  801  input block 
               202 ,  402 ,  702 ,  802  control part 
               203 ,  403 ,  803 ,  3025  pre-driver 
               204 ,  804  three-phase motor drive output block 
               205 ,  305  protection judgment logic circuit 
               305   a ,  405   a ,  605   a ,  705   a ,  905   a  memory function 
               134 ,  205   a ,  802   a  memory