Patent Publication Number: US-8126721-B2

Title: Encoding an information signal

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority from Provisional U.S. Patent Application No. 60/862,033, which was filed on Oct. 18, 2006, and is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to information signal encoding such as audio encoding, and, in that context, in particular to SBR (spectral band replication) encoding. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In applications having a very small bit rate available, it is known, in the context of encoding audio signals, to use an SBR technique for encoding. Only the low-frequency portion is encoded fully, i.e. at an adequate temporal and spectral resolution. For the high-frequency portion, only the spectral envelope, or the envelope of the spectral temporal curve of the audio signal, is detected and encoded. On the decoder side, the low-frequency portion is retrieved from the encoded signal and is subsequently used to reconstruct, or “replicate”, the high-frequency portion therefrom. However, to adapt the energy of the high-frequency portion, which has thus been preliminarily reconstructed, to the actual energy within the high-frequency portion of the original audio signal, the spectral envelope transmitted is used, on the decoder side, for spectral weighting of the high-frequency portion reconstructed preliminarily. 
     For the above effort to be worthwhile, it is important, of course, that the number of bits used for transmitting the spectral envelopes be as small as possible. It is therefore desirable for the temporal grid within which the spectral envelope is encoded to be as coarse as possible. On the other hand, however, too coarse a grid leads to audible artefacts, which is notable, in particular, with transients, i.e. at locations where the high-frequency portions will predominate rather than, as usual, the low-frequency portions, or where there is at least a rapid increase in the amplitude of the high-frequency portions. In audio signals, such transients correspond, for example, to the beginnings of a note, such as actuation of a piano string or the like. If the grid is too coarse over the time period of a transient, this may lead to audible artefacts in the decoder-side reconstruction of the entire audio signal. For, as one knows, on the decoder side, the high-frequency signal is reconstructed from the low-frequency portion in that, within the grid area, the spectral energy of the decoded low-frequency portion is normalized and then adapted to the spectral envelope transmitted by means of weighting. In other words, spectral weighting is simply performed within the grid area so as to reproduce the high-frequency portion from the low-frequency portion. However, if the grid area around the transient is too large, a lot of energy will be located, within this grid area, in addition to the energy of the transient, in the background and/or chord portion in the low-frequency portion which is used for reproducing the high-frequency portion. Said low-frequency portion is co-amplified by the weighting factor, even though this does not result in a good estimation of the high-frequency portion. Across the entire grid area, this will lead to an audible artefact which, in addition, will set in even before the actual transient. This problem may also be referred to as “pre-echo”. 
     The problem could be solved when the grid area around the transient is fine enough so that the transient/background ratio of the part of the low-frequency portion within this grid area is improved. Small grid areas or small grid boundary distances, however, are obstacles on the way to the above-outlined desire for a low bit consumption for encoding the spectral envelopes. 
     In the ISO/IEC 14496-3 standard—simply referred to as “the standard” below—an SBR encoding is described in the context of the AAC encoder. The AAC encoder encodes the low-frequency portion in a frame-by-frame manner. For each such SBR frame, the above-specified time and frequency resolution is defined at which the spectral envelope of the high-frequency portion is encoded in this frame. To address the problem that transients may also fall on SBR frame boundaries, the standard allows that the temporal grid may temporarily be defined such that the grid boundaries do not necessarily coincide with the frame boundaries. Rather, in this standard, the encoder transmits, per frame, a syntax element bs_frame_class to the decoder, said syntax element indicating per frame whether the temporal grid of the spectral envelope gridding for the respective frame is defined precisely between the two frame boundaries or between boundaries which are offset from the frame boundaries, specifically at the front and/or at the back. Overall, there are four different classes of SBR frames, i.e. FIXFIX, FIXVAR, VARFIX and VARVAR. The syntax used by the encoder in the standard to define the grid per SBR frame is depicted in a pseudo code representation in  FIG. 12 . In particular, in the representation of  FIG. 12 , those syntax elements which are actually encoded and/or transmitted by the encoder are printed in bold type in  FIG. 12 , the number of the bits used for transmission and/or encoding being indicated in the second column from the right in the respective row. As may be seen, the syntax element bs_frame_class which has just been mentioned is initially transmitted for each SBR frame. As a function thereof, further syntax elements will follow which, as will be illustrated, define the temporal resolution and/or gridding. If, for example, the 2-bits syntax element bs_frame_class indicates that the SBR frame in question is a FIXFIX SBR frame, the syntax element tmp which defines the number of grid areas in this SBR frame, and/or which defines the number of envelopes, as 2 tmp  will be transmitted as the second syntax element. The syntax element bs_amp_res, which is used for the quantization step size for encoding the spectral envelope in the current SBR frame, is automatically adjusted as a function of bs_num_env, and is not encoded or transmitted. Finally, for a FIXFIX frame, a bit is transmitted for determining the frequency resolution of the grid bs_freq_res. FIXFIX frames are defined precisely for one frame, i.e. the grid boundaries coincide with the frame boundaries as defined by the AAC encoder. 
     This is different for the other three classes. For FIXVAR, VARFIX and VARVAR frames, syntax elements bs_var_bord — 1 and/or bs_bar_bod — 0 are transmitted to indicate the number of time slots, i.e. the time units wherein the filter bank for spectral decomposition of the audio signal operates, by which are offset relative to the normal frame boundaries. As a function thereof, syntax elements bs_num_rel — 1 and an associated tmp and/or bs_num_rel — 0 and an associated tmp are also transmitted so as to define a number of grid areas, or envelopes, and the size thereof from the offset frame boundary. Finally, a syntax element bs_pointer is also transmitted within the variable SBR frames, said syntax element pointing to one of the defined envelopes and serving to define one or two noise envelopes for determining the noise portion within the frame as a function of the spectral envelope gridding, which, however, shall not be explained in detail below in order to simplify the representation. Finally, the respective frequency resolution is determined, namely by a respective one-bit syntax element bs_freq_res per envelope, for all grid areas and/or envelopes in the respective variable frames. 
       FIG. 13   a  represents, by way of example, a FIXFIX frame wherein the syntax element tmp is 1, so that the number of envelopes is bs_num_env 2 1 =2. In  FIG. 13   a  it shall be assumed that the time axis extends from the left to the right in a horizontal manner. An SBR frame, i.e. one of the frames in which the AAC encoder encodes the low-frequency portion, is indicated by reference numerals  902  in  FIG. 13   a . As can be seen, the SBR frame  902  has a length of 16 QMF slots, the QMF slots being, as has been mentioned, the time slots in which units the analysis filter bank operates, the QMF slots being indicated by box  904  in  FIG. 13   a . In FIXFIX frames, the envelopes, or grid areas,  906   a  and  906   b , i.e. two in number here, have the same length within the SBR frames  902 , so that a time grid and/or envelope boundary  908  is defined precisely in the center of the SBR frame  902 . In this manner the exemplary FIXFIX frame of  FIG. 13   a  defines that a spectral distribution for the grid area, or the envelope,  906   a , and a further one for envelope  906 , is temporally determined from the spectral values of the analysis filter bank. The envelopes, or grid areas,  906   a  and  906   b  thus specify the grid in which the spectral envelope is encoded and/or transmitted. 
     By comparison,  FIG. 13   b  shows a VARVAR frame. SBR frame  902  and associated QMF slots  904  are indicated again. For this SBR frame, however, syntax elements bs_var_bord — 0 and/or bs_var_bord — 1 have defined that the envelopes  906   a ′,  906   b ′ and  906   c ′ associated therewith are not to start at the SBR frame start  902   a  and/or to end at the SBR frame end  902   b . Rather, one may see from  FIG. 13   b  that the previous SBR frame (not to be seen in  FIG. 13   b ) has already been extended two QMF slots beyond the SBR frame start  902   a  of the current SBR frame, so that the last envelope  910  of the preceding SBR frame still extends into the current SBR frame  902 . The last envelope  906   c ′ of the current frame also extends beyond the SBR frame end of the current SBR frame  902 , namely, by way of example, also by two QMF slots here. In addition, one can also see here, by way of example, that the syntax elements of the VARVAR frame bs_num_rel — 0 and bs_num_rel — 1 are adjusted to 1, respectively, with the additional information that the envelopes thus defined have a length of four QMF slots at the start and at the end of the SBR frame  902 , i.e.  906   a ′ and  906   b ′ in accordance with tmp=1, so as to extend from the frame boundaries into the SBR frame  902  by this number of slots. The remaining space of the SBR frame  902  will then be occupied by the remaining envelope, in this case the third envelope  906   b′.    
     By having T in one of the QMF slots  904 ,  FIG. 13   b  indicates, by way of example, the reason why a VARVAR frame has been defined here, namely because the transient position T is located close to the SBR frame end  902   b , and because there probably was a transient (not to be seen) also in the SBR frame preceding the current one. 
     The standardized version in accordance with ISO/ICE 14496-3 thus involves overlapping of two successive SBR frames. This enables setting the envelope boundaries in a variable manner, irrespective of the actual SBR frame boundaries in accordance with the waveform. Transients may thus be enveloped by envelopes of their own, and their energy may be cut off from the remaining signal. However, an overlap also involves an additional system delay, as was illustrated above. In particular, four frame classes are used for signaling in the standard. In the FIXFIX class, the boundaries of the SBR envelopes coincide with the boundaries of the core frame, as is shown in  FIG. 13   a . The FIXFIX class is used when no transient is present in this frame. The number of envelopes specifies their equidistant distribution within the frame. The FIXVAR class is provided when there is a transient in the current frame. Here, the respective set of envelopes thus starts at the SBR frame boundary and ends, in a variable manner, in the SBR transmission area. The VARFIX class is provided for the event that a transient is not located in the current, but in the previous frame. The sequence of envelopes from the last frame here is continued by a new set of envelopes which ends at the SBR frame boundary. The VARVAR class is provided for the case that a transient is present both in the last frame and in the current frame. Here, a variable sequence of envelopes is continued by a further variable sequence. As has been described above, the boundaries of the variable envelopes are transmitted in relation to one another. 
     Even though the number of QMF slots by which the boundaries may be offset relative to the fixed frame boundaries by means of the syntax elements bs_var_bord — 0 and bs_var_bord — 1, this possibility results in a delay on the decoder side due to the occurrence of envelopes which extend beyond SBR frame boundaries and thus necessitate the formation and/or averaging of spectral signal energies across SBR frame boundaries. However, this time delay is not tolerable in some applications, such as in applications in the field of telephony or other live applications which rely on the time delay caused by the encoding and decoding to be small. Even though the occurrence of pre-echoes is thus prevented, the solution is not suitable for applications necessitating a short delay time. In addition, the number of bits needed for transmitting the SBR frames in the above-described standard is relatively high. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to an embodiment, an encoder may have a low-frequency portion encoder for encoding a low-frequency portion of an information signal in units of frames of the information signal; a localizer for localizing transients within the information signal; an associator for, as a function of the localization, associating a respective reconstruction mode from among at least two possible reconstruction modes with the frames of the information signal, and, for frames which have associated therewith a first one of the at least two possible reconstruction modes, associating a respective transient position indication with these frames; and a generator for generating a representation of a spectral envelope of a high-frequency portion of the information signal in a temporal grid which depends on reconstruction modes associated with the frames, such that frames which have the first one of the at least two possible reconstruction modes associated therewith, the frame boundaries of these frames coincide with grid boundaries of the grid, and the grid boundaries of the grid within these frames depend on the transient position indication; and a combiner for combining the encoded low-frequency portion, the representation of the spectral envelope and information on the associated reconstruction modes and the transient position indications into an encoded information signal. 
     According to another embodiment, a decoder may have an extractor for extracting, from the encoded information signal, an encoded low-frequency portion of an information signal, a representation of a spectral envelope of a high-frequency portion of the information signal, information on reconstruction modes associated with frames of the information signal and corresponding with one, respectively, of at least two reconstruction modes, and transient position indications associated with frames, in each case, which have a first one of the at least two reconstruction modes associated with them; a low-frequency portion decoder for decoding the encoded low-frequency portion of the information signal in units of frames of the information signal; a provider for providing a preliminary high-frequency portion signal on the basis of the decoded low-frequency portion; and an adaptor for spectrally adapting the preliminary high-frequency portion signal to the spectral envelopes by means of spectral weighting of the preliminary high-frequency portion signal as a function of the representation of the spectral envelopes in a temporal grid which depends on the reconstruction modes associated with the frames, such that for frames having the first one of the at least two possible reconstruction modes associated with them, the frame boundaries of these frames coincide with grid boundaries of the grid, and the grid boundaries of the grid within these frames depend on the transient position indication. 
     According to another embodiment, an encoded information signal may have an encoded low-frequency portion of an information signal; a representation of a spectral envelope of a high-frequency portion of an information signal; and of information on reconstruction modes which are associated with frames of the information signal and each correspond to one of at least two reconstruction modes, and transient position indications each associated with frames which have a first one of the at least two reconstruction modes associated with them, such that the information signal may be obtained from the encoded information signal by: decoding the encoded low-frequency portion of the information signal in units of frames of the information signal; providing a preliminary high-frequency portion signal on the basis of the decoded low-frequency portion; and spectrally adapting the preliminary high-frequency portion signal to the spectral envelopes by spectrally weighting the preliminary high-frequency portion signal as a function of the representation of the spectral envelopes in a temporal grid which depends on the reconstruction modes associated with the frames, such that for frames which have the first one of the at least two possible reconstruction modes associated with them, the frame boundaries of these frames coincide with grid boundaries of the grid, and the grid boundaries of the grid within these frames depend on the transient position indication. 
     According to another embodiment, a method of encoding may have the steps of encoding a low-frequency portion of an information signal in units of frames of the information signal; localizing transients within the information signal; associating, as a function of the localization, a respective reconstruction mode from among at least two possible reconstruction modes with the frames of the information signal, and, for frames which have associated therewith a first one of the at least two possible reconstruction modes, associating a respective transient position indication with these frames; and generating a representation of a spectral envelope of a high-frequency portion of the information signal in a temporal grid which depends on the reconstruction modes associated with the frames, such that frames which have the first one of the at least two possible reconstruction modes associated therewith, the frame boundaries of these frames coincide with grid boundaries of the grid, and the grid boundaries of the grid within these frames depend on the transient position indication; and combining the encoded low-frequency portion, the representation of the spectral envelope and information on the associated reconstruction modes and the transient position indications into an encoded information signal. 
     According to another embodiment, a method of decoding may have the steps of extracting, from the encoded information signal, an encoded low-frequency portion of an information signal, a representation of a spectral envelope of a high-frequency portion of the information signal and information on reconstruction modes associated with frames of the information signal and corresponding with one, respectively, of at least two reconstruction modes, and transient position indications associated with frames, in each case, which have a first one of the at least two reconstruction modes associated with them; decoding the encoded low-frequency portion of the information signal in units of frames of the information signal; providing a preliminary high-frequency portion signal on the basis of the decoded low-frequency portion; and spectrally adapting the preliminary high-frequency portion signal to the spectral envelopes by means of spectral weighting of the preliminary high-frequency portion signal as a function of the representation of the spectral envelopes in a temporal grid which depends on the reconstruction modes associated with the frames, such that for frames having the first one of the at least two possible reconstruction modes associated with them, the frame boundaries of these frames coincide with grid boundaries of the grid, and the grid boundaries of the grid within these frames depend on the transient position indication. 
     A finding of the present invention is that the transient problem may be sufficiently addressed, and for this purpose, a further delay on the decoding side may be reduced, if a new SBR frame class is employed wherein the frame boundaries are not offset, i.e. the grid boundaries are still synchronized with the frame boundaries, but wherein a transient position indication is additionally used as a syntax element so as to be used, on the encoder and/or decoder sides, within the frames of this new frame class for determining the grid boundaries within these frames. 
     In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the transient position indication is used such that a relatively short grid area, referred to as transient envelope below, will be defined around the transient position, whereas only one envelope will extend, in the remaining part before and/or behind it, in the frame, from the transient envelope to the start and/or the end of the frame. The number of bits to be transmitted and/or to be encoded for the new class of frames is thus also very small. On the other hand, transients and/or pre-echo problems associated therewith may be sufficiently addressed. Variable SBR frames, such as FIXVAR, VARFIX and VARVAR, will then no longer be needed, so that delays for compensating envelopes which extend beyond SBR frame boundaries will no longer be necessary. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, only two frame classes thus will now be admissible, namely a FIXFIX class and this class which has just been described and which will be referred to as LD_TRAN class below. 
     In accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention, it is not the case that one or several spectral envelopes and/or spectral energy values are transmitted and/or inserted into the encoded information signal for each grid area within the frames of the LD_TRAN class. Specifically, this is not even done when the transient envelope specified in its position within the frame by the transient position indication is located close to the frame boundary which is leading in terms of time, so that the envelope of this LD_TRAN frame, said envelope being located between the frame boundary which is leading in terms of time and the transient envelope, will extend only over a short time period, which is not justified from the point of view of encoding efficiency, since, as one knows, the brevity of this envelope is not due to a transient, but rather to the accidental temporal proximity of the frame boundary and the transient. In accordance with this alternative embodiment, the spectral energy value(s) and the respective frequency resolution of the previous envelope are taken over, therefore, for this envelope concerned, just like the noise portion, for example. Thus, transmission may be omitted, which is why the compression rate is increased. Conversely, losses in terms of audibility are only small, since there is not transient problem at this point. In addition, no delay will occur on the decoder side, since utilization for high-frequency reconstruction is directly possible for all envelopes involved, i.e. envelopes from a previous frame, transient envelope and intervening envelope. 
     In accordance with a further embodiment, the problems of an unintentionally large amount of data in the occurrence of a transient at the end of an LD_TRAN frame are addressed in that an agreement is reached between the encoder and the decoder as to how far the transient envelope which is located at the trailing frame boundary of the current LD_TRAN frame is to virtually project into the subsequent frame. The decision is made, for example, by means of accessing the tables in the encoder and the decoder alike. In accordance with the agreement, the first envelope of the subsequent frame, such as the single envelope of a FIXFIX frame, is shortened so as to begin only at the end of the virtual extended envelope. The encoder calculates the spectral energy value(s) for the virtual envelope over the entire time period of this virtual envelope, but transmits the result, as it seems, only for the transient envelope, possibly in a manner which is reduced as a function of the ratio of the temporal portion of the virtual envelope in the leading and trailing frames. On the decoder side, the spectral energy value(s) of the transient envelope located at the end are used both for high-frequency reconstruction in this transient envelope and, separate therefrom, for high-frequency reconstruction in the initial extension area in the subsequent frames, in that one and/or several spectral energy value(s) for this area are derived from that, or those, of the transient envelope. “Oversampling” of transients located at frame boundaries is thereby avoided. 
     In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, a finding of the present invention is that the transient problems described in the introduction to the description may be sufficiently addressed, and a delay on the decoder side may be reduced, if an envelope and/or grid area division is indeed used, according to which envelopes may indeed extend across frame boundaries so as to overlap with two adjacent frames, but if these envelopes are again subdivided by the decoder at the frame boundary, and the high-frequency reconstruction is performed at the grid which is subdivided in this manner and coincides with the frame boundaries. For the partial grid areas, thus obtained, of the overlap grid areas a spectral energy value, or a plurality of spectral energy values, is/are obtained, respectively, on the decoder side, from the one or the plurality of spectral energy value(s) as have been transmitted for the envelope extending across the frame boundary. 
     In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, a finding of the present invention is that a delay on the decoding side may be obtained by reducing the frame size and/or the number of the samples contained therein, and that the effect of the increased bit rate associated therewith may be reduced if a new flag is introduced, and/or a transient absence indication is introduced, for frames having reconstruction modes according to which the grid boundaries coincide with the frame boundaries of these frames, such as FIXFIX frames, and/or for the respective reconstruction mode. Specifically, if there is no transient present in such a shorter frame, and if no other transient is present in the vicinity of the frame, so that the information signal is stationary at this point, the transient absence indication may be used not to introduce, for the first grid area of such a frame, any value describing the spectral envelope into the encoded information signal, but to derive, or obtain, same on the decoder side, rather from the value(s) representing the spectral envelope, said values being provided in the encoded information signal for the last grid area and/or the last envelope of the temporally preceding frame. In this manner, shortening of the frames with a reduced effect on the bit rate is possible, which shortening enables shorter delay time, on the one hand, and enables the transient problems because of the smaller frame units, on the other hand. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Embodiments of the present invention will be detailed subsequently referring to the appended drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an encoder in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  shows a pseudo code for describing the syntax of the syntax elements used by the encoder of  FIG. 1  for defining the SBR frame grid division; 
         FIG. 3  shows a table which may be defined, on the encoder and decoder sides, to obtain, from the syntax element bs_transient_position in  FIG. 2 , the information on the number of envelopes and/or grid areas and the positions of the grid area boundaries within an LD_TRAN frame; 
         FIG. 4   a  is a schematic representation for illustrating an LD_TRAN frame; 
         FIG. 4   b  is a schematic representation for illustrating the interplay of the analysis filter bank and the envelope data calculator in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a block diagram of a decoder in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 6   a  is a schematic representation for illustrating an LD_TRAN frame with a transient envelope located far toward the leading end for illustrating the problems arising in this case; 
         FIG. 6   b  is a schematic representation for illustrating a case wherein a transient is located between two frames, for illustrating the respective problems with regard to the high encoding expenditure in this case; 
         FIG. 7   a  is a schematic representation for illustrating an envelope encoding in accordance with an embodiment for overcoming the problems of  FIG. 6   a;    
         FIG. 7   a  is a schematic representation for illustrating an envelope encoding in accordance with an embodiment for overcoming the problems of  FIG. 6   b;    
         FIG. 8  is a schematic representation for illustrating an LD_TRAN frame with a transient position TranPos=1 in accordance with the table of  FIG. 3 ; 
         FIG. 9  shows a table which may be defined, on the encoder and decoder sides, to obtain, from the syntax element bs_transient_position in  FIG. 2 , the information on the number of envelopes and/or grid areas and the positions of the grid area boundary (boundaries) within an LD_TRAN frame as well as the information on the data acceptance from the previous frame in accordance with  FIG. 7   a  and the data extension into the subsequent frame in accordance with  FIG. 7   b;    
         FIG. 10  is a schematic representation of a FIXVAR-VARFIX sequence for illustrating an envelope signaling with envelopes extending across frame boundaries; 
         FIG. 11  is a schematic representation of a decoding which enables a shorter delay time despite envelope signaling in accordance with  FIG. 10 , in accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 12  shows a pseudo code of the syntax for SBR frame envelope division in accordance with the ISO/IEC 14496-3 standard; and 
         FIGS. 13   a  and  13   b  are schematic representations of a FIXFIX and/or VARVAR frame. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG. 1  shows the architecture of an encoder in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The encoder of  FIG. 1  is, by way of example, an audio encoder generally indicated by reference numeral  100 . It includes an input  102  for the audio signal to be encoded, and an output  104  for the encoded audio signal. It shall be assumed below that the audio signal in input  102  is a sampled audio signal, such as a PCM-encoded signal. However, the encoder of  FIG. 1  may also be implemented differently. 
     The encoder of  FIG. 1  further includes a down-sampler  104  and an audio encoder  106  which are connected, in the order mentioned, between the input  102  and a first input of a formatter  108 , the output of which, in turn, is connected to the output  104  of the encoder  100 . Due to the connection of the portions  104  and  106 , an encoding of the down-sampled audio signal  102  results at the output of the audio encoder  106 , said encoding, in turn, corresponding to an encoding of the low-frequency portion of the audio signal  102 . The audio encoder  106  is an encoder which operates in a frame-by-frame manner in the sense that the encoder result present at the output of the audio encoder  106  can only be decoded in units of these frames. By way of example, it shall be assumed below that the audio encoder  106  is an encoder in conformity with AAC-LD in accordance with the standard of ISO/IEC 14496-3. 
     An analysis filter bank  110 , an envelope data calculator  112  as well as an envelope data encoder  114  are connected, in the order mentioned, between the input  102  and a further input of the formatter  108 . In addition, the encoder  100  includes an SBR frame controller  116  which has a transient detector  118  connected between its input and the input  102 . Outputs of the SBR frame controller  116  are connected both to an input of the envelope data calculator  112  and to a further input of the formatter  108 . 
     Now that the architecture of the encoder of  FIG. 1  has been described above, its mode of operation will be described below. As has already been mentioned, an encoded version of the low-frequency portion of the audio signal  102  arrives at the first input of formatter  108  in that the audio encoder  106  encodes the down-sampled version of the audio signal  102 , wherein, e.g., only every other sample of the original audio signal is forwarded. The analysis filter bank  110  generates a spectral decomposition of the audio signal  102  with a certain temporal resolution. It shall be assumed, by way of example, that the analysis filter bank  110  is a QMF filter bank (QMF=quadrature mirror filter). The analysis filter bank  110  generates M subband values per QMF time slot, the QMF time slots each including 64 audio samples, for example. To reduce the data rate, the envelope data calculator  112  forms, from the spectral information of the analysis filter bank  110  which has high temporal and spectral resolutions, a representation of the spectral envelope of audio signal  102  with a suitably lower resolution, i.e. within a suitable time and frequency grid. In this context, the time and frequency grid is set by the SBR frame controller  116  per frame, i.e. per frame of the frames as are defined by the audio encoder  106 . Again, the SBR frame controller  116  performs this control as a function of detected and/or localized transients as are detected and/or localized by the transient detector  118 . For detection transients and/or note commencement times, the transient detector  118  performs a suitable statistical analysis of the audio signal  102 . The analysis may be performed in the time domain or in the spectral domain. The transient detector  118  may evaluate, for example, the temporal envelope curve of the audio signal, such as the evaluation of the increase in the temporal envelope curve. As will be described in more detail below, the SBR frame controller  116  associates each frame and/or SBR frame to one of two possible SBR frame classes, namely either to the FIXFIX class or to the LD_TRAN class. In particular, the SBR frame controller  116  associates the FIXFIX class with each frame which contains no transient, whereas the frame controller associates the LD_TRAN class with each frame having a transient located therein. The envelope data calculator  112  sets the temporal grid in accordance with the SBR frame classes as have been associated with the frames by the SBR frame controller  116 . Irrespective of the precise association, all frame boundaries will coincide with grid boundaries. Only the grid boundaries within the frames are influenced by the class association. As will be explained below in more detail, the SBR frame controller sets further syntax elements as a function of the frame class associated, and outputs these to the formatter  108 . Even though not explicitly depicted in  FIG. 1 , the syntax elements may naturally also be subjected to an encoding operation. 
     Thus, the envelope data calculator  112  outputs a representation of the spectral envelopes in a resolution which corresponds to the temporal and spectral grid predefined by the SBR frame controller  116 , namely by one spectral value per grid area. These spectral values are encoded by the envelope data encoder  114  and forwarded to the formatter  108 . The envelope data encoder  114  may possibly also be omitted. The formatter  108  combines the information received into the encoded audio data stream  104  and/or to the encoded audio signal, and outputs same at the output  104 . 
     The mode of operation of the encoder of  FIG. 1  will be described in a little more detail below using  FIGS. 2 to 4   b  with regard to temporal grid division which is set by the SBR frame controller  116  and used by the envelope data calculator  112  to determine, from the analysis filter bank output signal, the signal envelope in the predefined grid division. 
       FIG. 2  initially shows, by means of a pseudo code, the syntax elements by means of which the SBR frame controller  116  predefines the grid division which is to be used by the envelope data calculator  112 . Just like in the case of  FIG. 12 , those syntax elements which are actually forwarded from the SBR frame controller  116  to the formatter  108  for encoding and/or for transmission are depicted in bold print in  FIG. 2 , the respective row in the column  202  indicating the number of bits used for representing the respective syntax element. As may be seen, a determination is initially made, by the syntax element bs_frame_class, for the SBR frame, whether the SBR frame is a FIXFIX frame or an LD_TRAN frame. Depending on the determination ( 204 ), different syntax elements are then transmitted. In the case of the FIXFIX class ( 206 ), the syntax element bs_num_env[ch] of the current SBR frame ch is initially set to 2 tmp  by the 2-bit syntax element tmp ( 208 ). Depending on the number bs_num_env[ch] the syntax element bs_amp_res is left at a value of 1 which has been preset by default, or is set to zero ( 210 ), the syntax element bs_amp_res indicating the quantization accuracy with which the spectrally enveloping values which are obtained by the calculator  112  in the predefined gridding are forwarded to the formatter  108  in a state in which they are encoded by the encoder  114 . The grid areas and/or envelopes predefined in their numbers by bs_num_env[ch] are set—with regard to their frequency resolution, which is to be used in same by the envelope data calculator  112  to determine the spectral envelope within them—by a common ( 211 ) syntax element bs_freq_res[ch] which is forwarded ( 212 ) to the formatter  108  with a bit from the SBR frame controller  116 . 
     The mode of operation of the envelope data calculator  112  is to be described again below with reference to  FIG. 13   a  when the SBR frame controller  116  specifies that the current SBR frame  902  is a FIXFIXFIX frame. In this case, the envelope data calculator  112  equally subdivides the current frame  902 , which consists—here by way of example—of N=16 analysis filter bank time slots  904 , into grid areas and/or envelopes  906   a  and  906   b , so that here both grid areas and/or both envelopes  906   a ,  906   b  have a length of N/bs_num_inv[ch] time slots  904  and take up as many time slots between the SBR frame boundaries  902   a  and  902   b . In other words, with FIXFIX frames, the envelope data calculator  112  arranges the grid boundaries  908  uniformly between the SBR frame boundaries  902   a ,  902   b  such that they are equidistantly distributed within these SBR frames. As has already been mentioned, the analysis filter bank  110  outputs subband spectral values per time slot  904 . The envelope data calculator  112  temporally combines the subband values in an envelope-by-envelope manner and adds their square sums in order to obtain the subband energies in an envelope resolution. Depending on the syntax element bs_freq_res[ch], the envelope data calculator  112  also combines, in a spectral direction, several subbands to reduce the frequency resolution. In this manner, the envelope data calculator  112  outputs, per envelope  906   a ,  906   b , a spectrally enveloping energy sampling at a frequency resolution which depends on bs_freq_res[ch]. These values are then encoded by the encoder  114  with a quantization which in turn depends on bs_amp_res. 
     So far, the preceding description related to the case where the SBR frame controller  116  associated a specific frame with the FIXFIX class, which is the case if there are no transients in this frame, as was described above. The following description, however, relates to the other class, i.e. the LDN-TRAN class, which is associated with a frame if it has a transient located in it, as is indicated by the detector  118 . Thus, if the syntax element bs_frame_class indicates that this frame is an LDN-TRAN frame ( 214 ), the SBR frame controller  116  will determine and transmit, with four bits, a syntax element bs_transient_position so as to indicate—in units of the time slots  904 , for example relative to the frame start  902   a  or, alternatively, relative to the frame end  902   b —the position of the transient as has been localized by the transient detector  118  ( 216 ). At present, four bits are sufficient for this purpose. An exemplary case is depicted in  FIG. 4   a .  FIG. 4   a , in turn, shows the SBR frame  902  including the 16 time slots  904 . The sixth time slot  904  from the SBR frame start  902   a  has a transient T located therein, which would correspond to bs_transient_position=5 (the first time slot is the time slot zero). As is indicated at  218  in  FIG. 2 , the subsequent syntax for setting the grid of an LD_TRAN frame is dependent on bs_transient_position, which must be taken into account, on the decoder side, in the parsing performed by a respective demultiplexer. However, at  218 , the mode of operation of the envelope data calculator  112  upon obtaining the syntax element bs_transient_Position from the SBR frame controller  116  may be illustrated, which is as follows. By means of the transient position indication, the calculator  112  looks up bs_transient_position in a table, an example of which is shown in  FIG. 3 . As will be explained in more detail below with reference to the table of  FIG. 3 , the calculator  112  will set, by means of the table, an envelope subdivision within the SBR frame in such a manner that a short transient envelope is arranged around transient position T, whereas one or two envelopes  222   a  and  222   b  occupy the remaining part of the SBR frame  902 , namely the part from the transient envelope  220  to the SBR frame start  902   a , and/or the part from the transient envelope  220  to the SBR frame end  902   b.    
     The table shown in  FIG. 3  and used by the calculator  112  now includes five columns. The possible transient positions which, in the present example, extend from zero to 15 have been entered into the first column. The second column indicates the number of envelopes and/or grid areas  220 ,  222   a  and/or  222   b  which result at the respective transient position. As may be seen, the possible numbers are 2 or 3, depending on whether the transient position is located close to the SBR frame start or the SBR frame end  902   a ,  902   b , only two envelopes being present in the latter case. The third column indicates the position of the first envelope boundary within the frame, i.e. the boundary of the first two adjacent envelopes in units of time slots  904 , specifically the position of the start of the second envelope, the position=zero indicating the first time slot in the SBR frame. The fourth column accordingly indicates the position of the second envelope boundary, i.e. the boundary between the second and third envelopes, this indication naturally being defined only for those transient positions for which three envelopes are provided. Otherwise, the values entered are negligible in this column, which is indicated by “−” in  FIG. 3 . As may be seen by way of example in the table of  FIG. 3 , there is, for example, only the transient envelope  220  and the subsequent envelope  222   b  in the event that the transient position T is located in one of the first two time slots  904  from the SBR frame start  902   a . It is not until the transient position is located in the third time slot from the SBR frame start  902   a  that there are three envelopes  222   a ,  220 ,  222   b , envelope  222   a  including the first two time slots, transient envelope  220  including the third and fourth time slots, and envelope  222   b  including the remaining time slots, i.e. from the fifth one onwards. The last column in the table of  FIG. 3  indicates, for each transient position possibility, which of the two or three envelopes corresponds to that which has the transient and/or the transient position located therein, this information obviously being redundant and thus not necessarily having to be set forth in a table. However, the information in the last column serves to specify—in a manner which will be described in more detail below—the boundary between two noise envelopes, within which the calculator  112  determines a value which indicates the magnitude of the noisy portion within these noise envelopes. The manner in which the boundary between these noise envelopes and/or grid areas is determined by the calculator  112  is known on the decoder side, and is performed in the same manner on the decoder side, just like the table of  FIG. 3  is also present on the decoder side, namely for parsing and for grid division. 
     Referring back to  FIG. 2 , the calculator  112  may thus determine the number of envelopes and/or grid areas in the LD_TRAN frames from Table 2 of  FIG. 3 , the SBR frame controller ( 116 ) indicating, for each one of these two or three envelopes, the frequency resolution by a respective 1-bit syntax element bs_freq_res[ch] per envelope ( 220 ). The controller  116  also transmits the syntax values bs_freq_res[ch], which set the frequency resolution, to the formatter  108  ( 220 ). 
     Thus, the calculator  112  calculates, for all LD_TRAN frames, spectral envelope energy values as temporal means over the duration of the individual envelopes  222   a ,  220 ,  222   b , the calculator combining, in the frequency resolution, different numbers of subbands as a function of bs_freq_res of the respective envelope. 
     The above description mainly dealt with the mode of operation of the encoder with regard to calculating the signal energies for representing the spectral envelopes in the time/frequency grid as is specified by the SBR frame controller. Additionally, however, the encoder of  FIG. 1  also transmits, for each grid area of a noise grid, a noise value which indicates, for this temporal noise grid area, the magnitude of the noisy portion in the high-frequency portion of the audio signal. Using these noise values, an even better reproduction of the high-frequency portion from the decoded low-frequency portion may be performed on the decoder side, as will be described below. As may be seen from  FIG. 2 , the number bs_num_noise of the noise envelopes for LD_TRAN frames is two, whereas the number for FIXFIX frames with bs_num_env=1 may also be one. 
     The subdivision of the LD_TRANS SBR frames into the two noise envelopes, but also of the FIXFIX frames into the one or two noise envelopes, may be performed, for example, in the same manner as is described in chapter 4.6.18.3.3 in the above-mentioned standard, to which reference shall be made in this context, and which passage shall be included, in this respect, by reference in the description of the present application. In particular, for example, the boundary between the two noise envelopes is positioned, by the envelope data calculator  112  for LD_TRAN frames, onto the same boundary as—if the envelope  220   a  exists—the envelope boundary between the envelope  220   a  and the transient envelope  220  and as—if the envelope  222  does not exist—the envelope boundary between the transient envelope  220  and the envelope  222   b.    
     Before continuing with the description of a decoder which is able to decode the encoded audio signal at output  104  of encoder  100  of  FIG. 1 , the interplay between the analysis filter bank  110  and the envelope data calculator  112  shall be dealt with in more detail. By the box  250 ,  FIG. 4   b  depicts, by way of example, the individual subband values which are output by the analysis filter bank  110 . In  FIG. 4   b  it is assumed that the time axis t again extends from the left to the right in a horizontal manner. A column of boxes in a vertical direction thus corresponds to the subband values as obtained by the analysis filter bank  110  at a certain time slot, an axis f being intended to indicate that the frequency is to increase in the upward direction.  FIG. 4   b  shows, by way of example, 16 successive time slots belonging to an SBR frame  902 . It is assumed, in  FIG. 4   b , that the present frame is an LD_TRAN frame and that the transient position is the same as was indicated, by way of example, in  FIG. 4 . The resulting grid classification within the frame  902  and/or the resulting envelopes are also illustrated in  FIG. 4   b .  FIG. 4   b  also indicates the noise envelopes, specifically by  252  and  254 . Using the formation of the sum of squares, the envelope data calculator  112  now determines mean signal energies in the temporal and spectral grid, as is depicted in  FIG. 4   b  by the dashed lines  260 . In the embodiment of  FIG. 4   b , the envelope data calculator  112  thus determines, for the envelope  222   a  and the envelope  222   b , only half as many spectral energy values for representing the spectral envelope as for the transient envelope  220 . However, as may also be seen, the spectral energy values for the representation of the spectral envelopes are formed only by means of the subband values  250  located in the higher-frequency subbands  1  to  32 , whereas the low-frequency subbands  33  to  64  are ignored, since the low-frequency portion is encoded, as is known, by the audio encoder  106 . In this context, it shall be noted, as a precaution, that the number of the subbands here is only by way of example, of course, as is the bundling of the subbands within the individual envelopes to form groups of four or two, respectively, as is indicated in  FIG. 4   b . To remain with the example of  FIG. 4   b , a total of 32 spectral energy values are calculated by the envelope data calculator  112  in the example of  FIG. 4   b  for representing the spectral envelopes, the quantization accuracy of which is performed for encoding, again as a function of bs_amp_res, as was described above. In addition, the envelope data calculator  112  determines a noise value for the noise envelopes  252  and  254 , respectively, on the basis of the subband values of the subbands  1  to  32  within the respective envelope  252  or  254 , respectively. 
     Now that the encoder has been described above, the following will provide a description of a decoder in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention which is suited to decode the encoded audio signal at the output  103 , said description below also addressing the advantages entailed by the LD_TRAN class described with regard to bit rate and delay. 
     The decoder of  FIG. 5 , which is generally indicated at  300 , comprises a data input  302  for receiving the encoded audio signal, and an output  304  for outputting a decoded audio signal. The input of a demultiplexer  306 , which possesses three outputs, is adjacent to the input  302 . An audio decoder  308 , an analysis filter bank  310 , a subband adapter  312 , a synthesis filter bank  314  as well as an adder  316  are connected, in the order mentioned, between a first one of these outputs and the output  304 . The output of the audio decoder  308  is also connected to a further input of the adder  316 . As will be described below, a connection of the output of the analysis filter bank  310  to a further input of the synthesis filter bank  314  may be provided instead of the adder  316  with its additional input. The output of the analysis filter bank  310 , however, is also connected to an input of a gain value calculator  318 , the output of which is connected to a further input of the subband adapter  312 , and which also comprises second and third inputs, the second of which is connected to a further output of the demultiplexer, and the third input of which is connected, via an envelope data decoder  320 , to the third output of the multiplexer  306 . 
     The mode of operation of the decoder  300  is as follows. The demultiplexer  306  splits up the arriving encoded audio signal at the input  302  by means of parsing. Specifically, the demultiplexer  306  outputs the encoded signal relating to the low-frequency portion, as has been generated by the audio encoder  106 , to the audio decoder  308  configured such that it is able to obtain, from the information obtained, a decoded version of the low-frequency portion of the audio signal and to output it at its output. The decoder  300  thus already has knowledge of the low-frequency portion of the audio signal to be decoded. However, the decoder  300  does not obtain any direct information on the high-frequency portion. Rather, the output signal of the decoder  308  also serves, at the same time, as a preliminary high-frequency portion signal or at least as a master, or basis, for the reproduction of the high-frequency portion of the audio signal in the decoder  300 . Portions  310 ,  312 ,  314 ,  318 , and  320  from the decoder  300  serve to utilize this master to reproduce, or to reconstruct, the final high-frequency portion therefrom, this high-frequency portion thus reconstructed being combined, by the adder  316 , again with the decoded low-frequency portion so to eventually obtain the decoded audio signal  304 . In this context it shall be noted, for completeness, sake, that the decoded low-frequency signal from the decoder  308  could also be subject to further preparatory treatments before it is input into the analysis filter bank  310 , this not being shown, however, in  FIG. 5 . 
     In the analysis filter bank  310 , the decoded low-frequency signal is again subject to a spectral dispersion with a fixed time resolution and a frequency resolution which essentially corresponds to that of the analysis filter bank of the encoder  110 . Remaining with the example of  FIG. 4   b , the analysis filter bank  310  would output  32  subband values per time slot, for example, said subband values corresponding to the 32 low-frequency subbands ( 33 - 64  in  FIG. 4   b ). It is possible that the subband values as are output by analysis filter bank  310  are reinterpreted, as early as at the output of this filter bank, or before the input of the subband adapter  312 , as the subband values of the high-frequency portion, i.e. are copied into the high-frequency portion, as it were. However, it is also possible that in the subband adapter  312 , the low-frequency subband values obtained from the analysis filter bank  310  initially have high-frequency subband values added to them in that all or some of the low-frequency subband values are copied into the higher-frequency portion, such as the subband values of subbands  33  to  64 , as are obtained from the analysis filter bank  310 , into subbands  1  to  32 . 
     In order to perform the adaptation to the spectral envelope as has been encoded, on the encoder side, into the encoded audio signal  104 , the demultiplexer  306  will initially forward that part of the encoded audio signal  302  which relates to the encoding of the representation of the spectral envelope, as has been generated by the encoder  114  on the encoder side, to the envelope data decoder  320 , which, in turn, will forward the decoded representation of this spectral envelope to the gain values calculator  318 . In addition, the demultiplexer  306  outputs that part of the encoded audio signal which relates to the syntax elements for grid division, as have been introduced into the encoded audio signal by the SBR frame controller  116 , to the gain values calculator  318 . The gain values calculator  318  now associates the syntax elements of  FIG. 2  with the frames of the audio decoder  308  in a manner which is as synchronized as that of the SBR frame controller  116  on the encoder side. For the exemplary frame contemplated in  FIG. 4   b , for example, the gain values calculator  318  obtains, for each time/frequency domain of the dashed grid  260 , an energy value from the envelope data decoder  320 , which energy values together represent the spectral envelope. 
     In the same grid  260 , the gain values calculator  318  also calculates the energy in the preliminarily reproduced high-frequency portion so as to be able to normalize the reproduced high-frequency portion in this grid and to weight it with the respective energy values it has obtained from the envelope data decoder  320 , whereby the preliminarily reproduced high-frequency portion is spectrally adjusted to the spectral envelope of the original audio signal. Here, the gain values calculator takes into account the noise values which also have been obtained from the envelope data decoder  320  per noise envelope, so as to correct the weighting values for the individual subband values within this noise frame. Thus, what is forwarded at the output of the subband adapter  312  are subbands comprising subband values which are adapted with corrected weighting values to the spectral envelope of the original signal in the high-frequency portion. The synthesis filter bank  314  puts together the high-frequency portion thus reproduced in the time domain using these spectral values, whereupon the adder  316  combines this high-frequency portion with the low-frequency portion from the audio decoder  308  into the final decoded audio signal at the output  304 . As is indicated by the dashed line in  FIG. 5 , it is also possible, alternatively, for the synthesis filter bank  314  to use, for synthesis, not only the high-frequency subbands as have been adapted by subband adapter  312 , but to also use the low-frequency subbands as directly correspond to the output of the analysis filter bank  310 . In this manner, the result of the synthesis filter bank  314  would directly correspond to the decoded output signal which could then be output at the output  304 . 
     The above embodiments had in common that the SBR frames comprised an overlap region. In other words, the time division of the envelopes was adapted to the time division of the frames, so that no envelope overlaps two adjacent frames, for which purpose a respective signaling of the envelope time grid was conducted, specifically by means of LD_TRAN and FIXFIX classes. However, problems will arise if transients occur at the edges of the blocks or frames. In this case, a disproportionately large number of envelopes is needed to encode the spectral data including the spectral energy values, or the spectral envelope values, and the frequency resolution values. In other words, more bits are consumed than would be needed by the location of the transients. In principle, two such “unfavorable” cases may be distinguished, which are illustrated in  FIGS. 6   a  and  6   b.    
     The first unfavorable situation will occur when the transient, which is established by the transient detector  118 , is located almost at a frame start of a frame  404 , as is illustrated in  FIG. 6   a .  FIG. 6   a  shows an exemplary case wherein a frame  406  of the FIXFIX class, which comprises a single envelope  408  which extends over all 16 QMF slots, precedes the frame  404 , at the start of which a transient has been detected by the transient detector  118 , which is why the frame  404  has been associated, by the SBR frame controller  116 , with an LD_TRAN class, with a transient position pointing to the third QMF slot of the frame  404 , so that the frame  404  is subdivided into three envelopes  410 ,  412 , and  414 , of which envelope  412  represents the transient envelope, and the other envelopes  410  and  414  surround same and extend to the frame boundaries  416   b  and  416   c  of the respective frame  404 . Merely to avoid confusion, it shall be pointed out that  FIG. 6   a  is based on the assumption that a different table than in  FIG. 3  has been used. 
     As is now indicated by the arrow  418  which points to the first envelope  410  in the LD_TRAN frame  404 , the transmission of spectral energy values, or the frequency resolution value and noise value, specifically for the respective time domain, i.e. QMF slots  0  and  1 , is actually not justified, since the domain does obviously not correspond to any transient, but, conversely, is very small in terms of time. This “expensive” envelope is therefore highlighted in a hatched manner in  FIG. 6   a.    
     A similar problem will arise if a transient exists between two frames, or is detected by the transient detector  118 . This case is represented in  FIG. 6   b .  FIG. 6   b  shows two successive frames  502  and  504 , each having a length of 16 QMF slots, a transient having been detected by the transient detector  118  between the two frames  502  and  504 , or in the vicinity of the frame boundary between these two SBR frames  502  and  504 , so that both frames  502  and  504  have been associated with an LD_TRAN class by the SBR frame controller  116 , both with only two envelopes  502   a ,  502   b , and  504   a  and  504   b , respectively, such that the transient envelopes  502   b  of the leading frame  502  and the transient envelope  504   b  of the subsequent frame  504  will border on the SBR frame boundary. As may be seen, the transient envelope  502   b  of the first frame  502  is extremely short and extends only over one QMF slot. Even for the presence of a transient, this represents a disproportionately large amount of expenditure for envelope encoding, since spectral data are again encoded for the subsequent transient envelope  504   b , as was described above. Therefore, the two transient envelopes  502   b  and  504   b  are highlighted in a hatched manner. 
     Both cases which have been outlined above with reference to  FIGS. 6   a  and  6   b  have in common, therefore, that in each case envelopes (hatched area) are needed which describe a relatively short period and accordingly cost too many, or a relatively large number of, bits. These envelopes contain a spectral data set which might as well describe a complete frame. However, the precise time division is necessary to encapsulate the energy around the transients, since otherwise pre-echoes will arise, as has been described in the introduction to the description of the present application. 
     Therefore, a description will be given below of an alternative mode of operation of an encoder and/or a decoder, by means of which the above problems in  FIGS. 6   a  and  6   b  are addressed, or data sets which describe too short a time period need not be transmitted on the encoder side. 
     If one considers, for example, the case of  FIG. 6   a , wherein the transient detector  118  indicates the presence of a transient in the vicinity of the start of the frame  404 , the SBR frame controller  116  will still associate, in the embodiment described, the LD_TRAN class comprising the same transient position indication with this frame, but no scale factors and/or spectral energy values, and no noise portion are generated by the envelope data calculator  112  and the envelope data encoder  114  for the envelope  410 , and no frequency resolution indication is forwarded to the formatter  108  for this envelope  410  by the SBR frame controller  116 , which is indicated in  FIG. 7   a , which corresponds to the situation of  FIG. 6   a , in that the line of the envelope  410  is depicted as a dashed line and that the respective QMF slots are hatched to indicate that for this purpose, the data stream output by the formatter  108  in the output  104  actually contains no data for high-frequency reconstruction. On the decoder side, this “data void”  418  is filled in that all necessary data, such as scale factors, noise portion and frequency resolution, is obtained from the respective data of the preceding envelope  408 . More specifically, and as will be explained below in more detail with reference to  FIG. 9 , the envelope data decoder  320  concludes from the transient position indication for the frame  404  that the case at hand is a case in accordance with  FIG. 6   a , so that it does not expect any envelope data for the first envelope in the frame  404 . To symbolize this alternative mode of operation,  FIG. 5  indicates, by means of a dashed arrow, that in terms of its mode of operation, or syntactical analysis, the envelope data decoder  320  also depends on the syntax elements which are printed in bold in  FIG. 2 , in this case particularly on the syntax element bs_transient_position. Now the envelope data decoder  320  fills the data void  418  in that it copies the respective data from the preceding envelope  408  for the envelope  410 . In this manner, the data set of the envelope  408  is extended from the preceding frame  406  to the first (hatched) QMF slots of the second frame  404 , as it were. Thus, the time grid of the missing envelope  410  in the decoder  300  is reconstructed again, and the respective data sets are copied. Thus, the time grid of  FIG. 7   a  again corresponds to that of  FIG. 6   a  with regard to the frame  404 . 
     The approach in accordance with  FIG. 7   a  offers a further advantage over the approach described above with reference to  FIG. 3 , since in this manner it is possible to accurately signal the transient start on the QMF slot. The transients detected by the transient detector  118  may be mapped more sharply as a result. To illustrate this further,  FIG. 8  depicts the case where, in accordance with  FIG. 3 , a FIXFIX frame  602  comprising an envelope  604  is followed by an LD_TRAN frame  606  comprising two envelopes, namely a transient envelope  608  and a final envelope  610 , the transient position indication pointing to the second QMF slot. As may be seen from  FIG. 8 , the transient envelope  608  comprising the first QMF slot of the frame  606  starts in the same manner as it would have done in the case of a transition position indication pointing to the first QMF slot, as may be seen from  FIG. 3 . The reason for this approach is that it is less worthwhile, for reasons of encoding efficiency, to provide a third envelope at the start of the frame  606  in the shifting of the transient position indication from TRANS-POS=0 to TRANS-POS=1, since, to this end, envelope data would specifically have to be transmitted again. In accordance with the approach of  FIG. 7   a , this does not present a problem, since it is obvious that no envelope data at all need to be transmitted for the start envelope  410 . For this reason, an alignment—in units of QMF slots—of the transient envelope as a function of the transient position indication in LD_TRAN classes is possible in an effective manner in accordance with the approach of  FIG. 7   a , for which purpose a possible embodiment is represented in the table of  FIG. 9 . The table of  FIG. 9  represents a possible table as may be used in the encoder of  FIG. 1  and the decoder of  FIG. 5 , as an alternative to the table of  FIG. 3 , in the context of the alternative approach of  FIG. 7   a . The table includes seven columns, wherein the categories of the first five correspond to the first five columns in  FIG. 3 , i.e. wherein from the first to the fifth columns the transient position indication and, for this transient position indication, the number of the envelopes provided in the frame, the location of the first envelope boundary, the location of the second envelope boundary, and the transient index pointing to the envelope within which the transient is located, are listed. The sixth column indicates the transient position indication for which a data void  418  is provided in accordance with  FIG. 7   a . As is indicated by a one, this is the case for transient position indications located between one and five (inclusively, in each case). For the remaining transient position indications, a zero has been entered in this column. The last column will be dealt with below with reference to  FIG. 7   b.    
     Considering the case of  FIG. 6   b , in accordance with an approach which is provided as an alternative or in addition to the modification in accordance with  FIG. 7   a , an unfavorable division of the transient area into the transient envelopes  502   b  and  504   b  is prevented in that virtually an envelope  502  is used which extends over the QMF slots of both transient envelopes  502   b  and  504   b , that the scale factors which are obtained across this envelope  402  are transmitted along with the noise portion and the frequency resolution, but only for the transient envelope  502   b  of the frame  502 , and are simply used, on the decoder side, also for the QMF slots at the start of the following frame, as is indicated in  FIG. 7   b , which otherwise corresponds to  FIG. 6   b , by the single hatching of the envelope  502   b , the indication of the transient envelope  504   b  by a dashed line, and the hatching of the QMF slot at the start of the second frame  504 . 
     Put more specifically, in the event of the occurrence of a transient between the frames  502  and  504  in accordance with  FIG. 7   b , the encoder  100  will act in the following manner. The transient detector  118  indicates the occurrence of the transient. Thereupon, the SBR frame controller  116  selects, for the frame  502 , as in the case of  FIG. 6   b , the LD_TRAN class comprising a transient position indication pointing to the last QMF slot. However, due to the fact that the transient position indication points to the end of the frame  502 , the envelope data calculator  112  forms, from the QMF output values, the scale factors or spectral energy values, but not only across the QMF slot of the transient envelope  502   b , but rather across all QMF slots of the virtual envelope  702 , which additionally comprises the three QMF slots immediately following the following frame  504 . As a result, a delay is not connected at the output  104  of the encoder  100 , since the audio encoder  106   n  can forward the frame  504  to the formatter  108  only at the frame end. In other words, the envelope data calculator  112  forms the scale factors by averaging across the QMF values of the QMF slots of the virtual envelope  702  in a predetermined frequency resolution, the resulting scale factors being encoded by the envelope encoder  114  for the transient envelope  502   b  of the first frame  502  and being output to the formatter  108 , the SBR frame controller  116  forwarding the respective frequency resolution value for this transient envelope  502   b . Irrespective of the decision regarding the class of the frame  502 , the SBR frame controller  116  makes the decision on the class membership of the frame  504 . In the present case, by way of example, no transient is now located in the vicinity of the frame  504  or within the frame  504 , so that the SBR frame controller  116  selects, in this exemplary case of  FIG. 7   b , a FIXFIX class for the frame  504  with only one envelope  504   a ′. The SR frame controller  116  outputs the respective decision to the formatter  108  and to the envelope data calculator  112 . However, the decision is interpreted in a different way than usual. The envelope data calculator  112  namely has “remembered” that the virtual envelope  702  has extended into the current frame  504 , and it therefore shortens the immediately adjacent envelope  504   a ′ of the frame  504  by the respective number of QMF slots in order to determine the respective scale values only across this smaller number of QMF slots and output same to the envelope data encoder  114 . Thus, a data void  704  arises, in the data stream at the output  104 , across the first three QMF slots. In other words, in accordance with the approach of  FIG. 7   b , the complete data set is initially calculated, on the encoder side, for the envelope  702 , for which purpose one also uses data from the future QMF slots, from the point of view of the frame  502 , at the start of the frame  504 , by means of which the spectral envelope is calculated at the virtual envelope. This data set is then transmitted to the decoder as belonging to the envelope  502   b.    
     At the decoder, the envelope data decoder  320  generates the scale factors for the virtual envelope  702  from its input data, as a result of which the gain values calculator  318  possesses all necessary information, for the last QMF slot of the frame  502 , or the last envelope  502   b , to perform the reconstruction still within this frame. The envelope data decoder  320  also obtains scale factors for the envelope(s) of the following frame  504  and forwards them to the gain values calculator  318 . From the fact that the transient position input of the preceding LD_TRAN frame points to the end of this frame  502 , said gain values calculator  318  knows, however, that the envelope data which has been transmitted for the final transient envelope  502   b  of this frame  502  also relates to the QMF slots at the start of the frame  504 , which data belongs to the virtual envelope  702 , which is why it introduces, or establishes, a specific envelope  504   b ′ for these QMF slots, and assumes, for this envelope  504   b ′ established, scale factors, a noise portion and a frequency resolution obtained by the envelope data calculator  112  from the respective envelope data of the preceding envelope  502   b  so as to calculate, for this envelope  504   b ′, the spectral weighting values for the reconstruction within the module  312 . The gain values calculator  318  only then applies the envelope data obtained from the envelope data decoder  320  for the actual subsequent envelope  504   a ′ to the subsequent QMF slots following the virtual envelope  702 , and forwards gain and/or weighting values which have been calculated accordingly to the subband adapter  312  for high-frequency reconstruction. In other words, on the decoder side, the data set for the virtual envelope  702  is initially applied only to the last QMF slot(s) of the current frame  502 , and the current frame  502  is thus reconstructed without any delay. The data set of the second, subsequent frame  504  includes a data void  704 , i.e. the new envelope data transmitted is valid only as from the following QMF slot, which is the third QMF slot in the exemplary example of  FIG. 7   b . Thus, only one single envelope is transmitted in the case of  FIG. 7   b . As in the first case, the missing envelope  504   b ′ is again reconstructed and filled with the data of the previous envelope  502   b . The data void  704  is thus closed, and the frame  504  may be reproduced. 
     In the exemplary case of  FIG. 7   b , the second frame  504  has been signaled with a FIXFIX class, wherein the envelope(s) actually span(s) the entire frame. However, as has just been described, on account of the preceding frame  502 , or its LD_TRAN class membership comprising a high transient position indication, the envelope  504   a ′ in the decoder is restricted, and the validity of the data set does not start, in terms of time, until several QMF slots later. In this context,  FIG. 7   b  addressed the case where the transient rate is thin. However, if transients occur, in several successive frames, at the edges in each case, the transit position will be transmitted with the LDN-TRAN class in each case and will be expanded accordingly in the following frame, as has been described above with reference to  FIG. 7   b . The first envelope, respectively, is reduced in size, or restricted at its start, in accordance with the expansion, as was described by way of example above with reference to the envelope  504   a ′ with reference to a FIXFIX class. 
     As was described above, it is known, among encoders and decoders, how far a transient envelope is expanded, at the end of an LD_TRAN frame, into the subsequent frame, a possible agreement on this also being depicted in the embodiment of  FIG. 9 , or in the table depicted there, which thus presents an example combining both modified approaches in accordance with  FIGS. 7   a  and  7   b . In this embodiment, Table 9 is used by the encoder and the decoder. For signaling the time grid of the envelopes, again, only transient index bs_transient_position is used. In the case of transient positions at the start of the frame, a transmission of an envelope is prevented ( FIG. 7   a ), as was described above and may be seen from the second but last column of the table of  FIG. 9 . What is also established, in the last column of  FIG. 9 , in this connection is the expansion factor with which—or the number of QMF slots across which—a transient envelope at the end of the frame is to be expanded into the subsequent frame (cf.  FIG. 7   b ). A difference in the signaling in accordance with  FIG. 9  with regard to the first case ( FIG. 7   a ) and the second case ( FIG. 7   b ) consists in the point of time of the signaling. In case  1 , the signaling takes place in the current frame, i.e. there is no dependence regarding the preceding frame. It is only the transient position that is crucial. The cases in which the first envelope of a frame is not transmitted may be seen, accordingly, on the decoder side, from a table as in  FIG. 9  comprising entries for all transient positions. 
     In the second case, however, the decision is made in the preceding frame and transferred into the next one. Using the last table column in  FIG. 9 , specifically, an expansion factor is specified the transient position of the predecessor frame at which the transient envelope of the predecessor frame is to be expanded into the next frame, and to what extent. This means that—if in a frame a transition position is established at the end of the current frame, in accordance with  FIG. 9 , at the last or second but last QMF slot—the expansion factor indicated in the last column of  FIG. 9  will be stored for the next frame, by which means the time grid for the next frame is thereby established, or specified. 
     Before a next embodiment of the present invention will be addressed below, it shall be mentioned before that, similarly to the approach for generating the envelope data for the virtual envelope in accordance with  FIG. 7   b , the generation of the envelope data for the envelope  408 , in the example of  FIG. 7   a , could also be determined over an extended time period, i.e. by the two QMF slots of the “saved” envelope  410 , so that the QMF output values of the analysis filter bank  110  for these QMF slots will also be included in the respective envelope data of the envelope  408 . However, the alternative approach is also possible, in accordance with which the envelope data for the envelope  408  is determined only via the QMF slots associated with it. 
     The preceding embodiments avoided a large amount of delay using an LD-TRAN class. What follows is a description of an embodiment in accordance with which the avoidance is achieved by means of a grid, or envelope, classification wherein envelopes may also extend across frame boundaries. In particular, it shall be assumed in the following that the encoder of  FIG. 1  generates, at its output  104 , a data stream wherein the frames are classified into four frame classes, i.e. a FIXFIX, a FIXVAR, a VARFIX and a VARVAR class, as has been established in the above-mentioned MPEG4-SBR standard. 
     As is described in the introduction to the description of the present application, the SBR frame controller  116 , too, classifies the sequence of frames into envelopes which may also extend across frame boundaries. To this end, syntax elements bs_num_rel_# are provided which specify for frame classes FIXVAR, VARFIX and VARVAR, among other things, the position—in relation to the leading or trailing frame boundary of the frame—at which the first envelopes starts and/or the last envelope of this frame ends. The envelope data calculator  112  calculates the spectral values, or scale factors, for the grid specified by the envelopes with the frequency resolution specified by the SBR frame controller  116 . As a consequence, envelope boundaries may be arbitrarily spread, for the SBR frame controller  116 , across the frames and an overlap region by means of these classes. The encoder of  FIG. 1  may perform the signaling with the four different classes in such a manner that a maximum overlap region from one frame results, which corresponds to the delay of the CORE encoder  106  and, thus, also to the time period which may be buffered without causing an additional delay. Thus it is ensured that there will be sufficient “future” values available for the envelope data calculator  112  for pre-calculating and sending envelope data even though most of these data will have validity only in later frames. 
     In accordance with the present embodiment, however, the decoder of  FIG. 5  now processes such a data stream with the four SBR classes in a manner resulting in a low latency with simultaneous compacting of the spectral data. This is achieved by data voids in the bit stream. To this end, reference shall initially be made to  FIG. 10  which shows two frames including their classification as results, in accordance with the embodiment, from the encoder of  FIG. 1 , the first frame being a FIXVAR frame and the second frame being a VARFIX frame in this case, by way of example. In the exemplary case of  FIG. 10 , the two successive frames  802  and  804  comprise two, or one, envelope(s), namely envelopes  802   a  and  802   b , and/or envelopes  804   a , respectively, the second envelope of the FIXVAR frame  802  extending into the frame  804  by three QMF slots, and the start of the envelope  804   a  of the VARFIX frame  804  being located at QFM slot  3  only. With regard to each envelope  802   a ,  802   b  and  804   a , the data stream at the output  104  contains scale factor values determined by the envelope data calculator  112  by averaging the QMF output signal of the analysis filter bank  110  across the respective QMF slots. For determining the envelope data for the envelope  802   b , the calculator  112  resorts to “future” data of the analysis filter bank  110 , as was mentioned above, for which purpose a virtual overlap region the size of a frame is available, as is indicated in a hatched manner in  FIG. 10 . 
     To reconstruct the high-frequency portion for the envelope  802   b , the decoder would have to wait until it receives the reconstructed low-frequency portion from the analysis filter band  310 , which would cause a delay the size of a frame, as was mentioned above. This delay may be prevented if the decoder of  FIG. 5  operates in the following manner. The envelope data decoder  320  outputs the envelope data and, in particular, the scale factors for the envelopes  802   a ,  802   b  and  804   a  to the gain values calculator  318 . However, the latter uses the envelope data for the envelope  802   b , which extends into the subsequent frame  804 , however initially only for a first part of the QMF slots across which this envelope  802   b  extends, namely that part going as far as the SBR frame boundary between the two frames  802  and  804 . Consequently, the gain values calculator  318  re-interprets the envelope division in relation to the division as provided by the encoder of  FIG. 1  in the encoding, and uses the envelope data initially only for that part of the overlap envelope  802   b  which is located within the current frame  802 . This part is illustrated as envelope  802   b   1  in  FIG. 11 , which corresponds to the situation of  FIG. 10 . In this manner, the gain values calculator  318  and the subband adapter  312  are able to reconstruct the high-frequency portion for this envelope  802   b   1  without any delay. 
     Due to this re-interpretation, the data stream at the input  302  naturally lacks envelope data for the remaining part of the overlap envelope  802   b . The gain values calculator  318  overcomes this problem in a similar manner to the embodiment of  FIG. 7   b , i.e. it uses envelope data derived from that for the envelope  802   b   1  so as to reconstruct, on the basis of same, along with the subband adapter  312 , the high-frequency portion at the envelope  802   b   2  extending over the first QMF slots of the second frame  804  which correspond to the remaining part of the overlap envelope  802   b . In this manner, the data void  806  is filled. 
     Following the previous embodiments, wherein the transient problem was addressed in different ways in a manner which is effective in terms of bit rates, a description shall be given below of an embodiment in accordance with which a modified FIXFIX class as an example of a class with a frame and grid boundary match is configured, in its syntax, in such a manner that it comprises a flag, or a transient absence indication, whereby it is possible to reduce the frame size while incurring bit-rate losses, but at the same time to reduce the quantity of the losses, since stationary parts of the information and/or audio signal can be encoded in a more bit rate-effective manner. In this context, this embodiment may be employed both additionally in the above-described embodiments and independently of the other embodiments in the context of a frame class division with FIXFIX, FIXVAR, VARFIX and VARVAR classes as was described in the introduction to the description of the present application, but while modifying the FIXFIX class, as will be described below. Specifically, in accordance with this embodiment, the syntax description of a FIXFIX class, as was described above also with reference to  FIG. 2 , is supplemented by a further syntax element, such as a one-bit flag, the flag being set, on the encoder side, by the SBR frame controller  116  as a function of the location of the transients detected by the transient detector  118 , to indicate that the information signal is or is not stationary in the area of the respective FIXFIX frame. In the former case, such as with a set transient absence flag, in the event that the FIXFIX frame comprises several envelopes, no envelope data signaling, or no transmission of noise energy values and scale factors as well as frequency resolution values, is performed in the encoded data stream  104  for the envelope of the respective FIXFIX frame or for the first envelope, in terms of time, in this FIXFIX frame, but this missing information is obtained, on the decoder side, from the respective envelope data for that envelope of the preceding frame which is directly preceding, in terms of time, it also being possible for said frame to be a FIXFIX frame, for example, or any other frame, said envelope data being contained in the encoded information signal. In this manner, a bit rate reduction may thus be achieved for a variant of the SBR encoding with a smaller delay, or a combination of the bit rate increase in such a low-delay variant may be achieved on account of the increased, or doubled, repetition rate. In combination with the above-described embodiments, such a signaling provides a completion with regard to the bit rate reduction, since it is not only transient signals that may be transmitted and/or encoded in a bit rate-reduced manner, but also stationary signals. With regard to obtaining or deriving the missing envelope data information, reference shall be made to the description with regard to the previous embodiments, specifically with regard to  FIGS. 12 and 7   b.    
     The following shall be noted with regard to the illustrations concerning  FIGS. 6   a  to  11 . Sometimes, different tables from those of  FIG. 3  have been used as the basis for these figures. Naturally, such differences may also apply to the definition of the noise envelopes. With LD_TRAN classes, the noise envelopes may extend across the entire frame, for example. In the case of  FIGS. 7   a  and  7   b , the noise values of the preceding frame or of the preceding envelope would then be used for high-frequency reconstruction on the part of the decoder, for example for the first few QMF slots, which in this case are 2 or 3 in number, by way of example, and the actual noise envelope would be shortened accordingly. 
     In addition, it shall be noted, with regard to the approach of  FIGS. 7   b  and  11 , that there are numerous possibilities of how the envelope data or the scale factors for the virtual envelopes  702  and  802   b , respectively, may be transmitted. As was described, scale factors are determined for the virtual envelope via the QMF slots, which are four in number, by way of example, in  FIG. 7   b , and six in number, by way of example, in  FIG. 11 , specifically by means of averaging, as was described above. In the data stream, these scale factors, determined via the respective QMF slots, for the transient envelope  502   b  or the envelope  502   b   1  may be transmitted. In this case, the calculator  318  might possibly take into account, on the decoder side, that the scale factors, or the spectral energy values, have been determined, however, across the entire area to be four and six QMF slots, respectively, and it would therefore subdivide the magnitude of these values into the two partial envelopes  502   b  and  504   b ′, respectively, and  802   b   1  and  802   b   2 , respectively, in a ratio which corresponds, for example, to the ratio between the QMF slots associated with the first frames  502  and  802 , respectively, and the second frames  504  and  804 , respectively, so as to utilize the portions, thus subdivided, of the scale factors transmitted for controlling the spectral shaping in the subband adapter  312 . However, it would also be possible that the encoder directly transmits such scale factors which may initially be directly applied, on the decoder side, for the first partial envelopes  502   b  and  802   b   1 , respectively, and which are re-scaled accordingly for the following partial envelopes  504   b ′ or  804   b ′ or  802   b   2 , respectively, depending on the overlap of the virtual envelopes  702  and  802   b , respectively, with the second frames  504  and  804 , respectively. The manner in which the energy is divided up between the two partial envelopes may be arbitrarily specified between the encoder and the decoder. In other words, the encoder may directly transmit such scale factors which may be directly applied, on the decoder side, for the first partial envelopes  502   b  and  502   b   1 , respectively, because the scale factors have only been averaged over these partial envelopes and/or the respective QMF slots. This case may be illustrated, by way of example, as follows. In the event of a more or less overlapping envelope, wherein the first part consists of two time units, or QMF slots, and the second consists of three time units, what happens on the encoder side is that only the first part is correctly calculated and/or the energy values are averaged only in this part, and the respective scale factors are output. In this manner, the envelope data precisely matches the respective time portion in the first part. However, the scale factors for the second part are obtained from the first part and are scaled in accordance with the dimensional proportions as compared to the first part, i.e., in this case, 3/2 times scale factors of the first part. This opportunity shall be taken to point out that in the above the term ‘energy’ was used synonymously with scale factor; energy, or scale factor, resulting from the sum of all energy values of an SBR band along a time period of an envelope. In the example which just been illustrated, the auxiliary scale factors in each case describe the sum of the energies of the two time units in the first part of the more or less overlapping envelope for the respective SBR band. 
     In addition, provision may also be made, of course, for the spectral envelopes, or scale values, to be transmitted, in the above embodiments, in a manner which is normalized to the number of QMF slots which are used for determining the respective value, such as the square average energy—i.e. the energy normalized to the number of contributing QMF slots and the number of QMF spectral bands—within each frequency/time grid area. In this case, the measures which have just been described for splitting, on the encoder side or decoder side, of the scale factors for the virtual envelopes into the respective sub-portions are not necessary. 
     With regard to the above description, several other points shall also be noted. Even though a description has been given, for example, in  FIG. 1 , that a spectral dispersion is performed, by means of the analysis filter bank  110 , with a fixed time resolution, which will then be adapted, by the envelope data calculator  112 , to the time/frequency grid set by the controller  116 , alternative approaches are also feasible, in accordance with which—with regard to a time/frequency resolution adapted to the specification given by the controller  316 —the spectral envelope in this resolution is calculated directly, without the two stages as are shown in  FIG. 1 . The envelope data encoder  114  of  FIG. 1  may be missing. On the other hand, the type of the encoding of the signal energies representing the spectral envelopes could be performed, for example, by means of differential encoding, it being possible for the differential encoding to be implemented in a time or frequency direction or in a hybrid form, such as in a frame-wise or envelope-wise manner in the time and/or frequency direction(s). It shall be noted, with reference to  FIG. 5 , that the order in which the gain values calculator performs the normalization with the signal energies contained in the high-frequency portion which is preliminarily reproduced, and the weighting with the signal energies transmitted by the encoder for signaling the spectral envelopes, are irrelevant. The same naturally also applies to the correction for taking into account the noise portion values per noise envelope. It shall also be noted that the present invention is not boundaryed to spectral dispersions by means of filter banks. Rather, a Fourier transformation and/or inverse Fourier transformation or similar time/frequency transformations could naturally also be employed, wherein, for example, the respective transformation window is shifted by the number of audio values which is to correspond to a time slot. It shall also be noted that there may be provisions that the encoder does not perform the determination and the encoding of the spectral envelope and the introduction of same into the encoded audio signal with regard to all subbands in the high-frequency portion in the time/frequency grid. Rather, the encoder could also determine such portions of the high-frequency portion for which it is not worthwhile to perform a reproduction on the decoder side. In this case, the encoder transmits, to the decoder, for example, the portions of the high-frequency portion and/or the subband areas in the high-frequency portion for which the reproduction is to be performed. In addition, various modifications are also possible with regard to setting the grid in the frequency direction. For example, one may provide that no setting of the frequency grid is performed, wherein in this case the syntax elements bs_freq_res could be missing and, for example, the full resolution would be used. In addition, an adjustability of the quantization step width of the signal energies for representing the spectral envelopes may be omitted, i.e. the syntax element bs_amp_res could be missing. In addition, a different down-sampling could be performed in the down-sampler of  FIG. 1  instead of a down-sampling by every other audio value, so that high and low-frequency portions would have different spectral extensions. In addition, the table-assisted dependence of the grid division of the LD_TRAN frames on bs_transient_position is only exemplary, and an analytical dependence of the envelope extensions and of the frequency resolution would also be feasible. 
     At any rate, the above-described examples of an encoder and a decoder allow the use of the SBR technology also for the AAC-LD encoding scheme of the above-cited standard. The large delay of AAC+SBR, which conflicts with the goal of AAC-LD with a short algorithmic delay of about 20 ms at 48 kHz and a block length of  480 , may be overcome using the above embodiments. Here, the disadvantage of a linkage of AAC-LD with the previous SBR defined in the standard, which is due to the shorter frame length of the AAC-LD  480  or  512  as compared to  960  or  1024  for AAC-LD, which frame length causes the data rate for an unchanged SBR element as defined in the standard to double that of HE AAC, would be overcome. Subsequently, the above embodiments enable the reduction of the delay of AAC-LD+SBR and a simultaneous reduction of the data rate for the side information. 
     In particular, in the above embodiments, the delays for an LD variant of the SBR module the overlap region of the SBR frames was removed in order to reduce the system. Thus, the possibility of being able to place envelope boundaries and/or grid boundaries irrespective of the SBR frame boundary is dispensed with. The treatment of transients, however, is then taken over by the new frame class LD_TRAN, so that the above embodiments also necessitate only one bit for signaling so as to indicate whether the current SBR frame is that of a FIXFIX class or of an LD_TRAN class. 
     In the above embodiments, the LD_TRAN class was defined such that it has envelope boundaries, in a manner which is synchronized to the SBR frame, at the edges and variable boundaries within the frame. The interior distribution was determined by the position of the transients within the QMF slot grid or time slot grid. A small envelope which encapsulates the energy of the transient was distributed around the position of the transient. The remaining areas were filled up with envelopes to the front and to the back up to the edges. To this end, the table of  FIG. 3  was used by the envelope data calculator  312  on the encoder side, and by the gain values calculator  318  on the decoder side, where a predefined envelope grid is stored in accordance with the transient position, the table of  FIG. 3  naturally only being exemplary, and, in individual cases, variations may naturally also be made, depending on the case of application. 
     In particular, the LD_TRAN class of the above embodiments thus enables compact signaling and adjusting of the bit requirement to an LD environment with a double frame rate, which thus also necessitates a double data rate for the grid information. Thus, the above embodiments eliminate disadvantages of previous SBR envelope signaling in accordance with the standard, which disadvantages consisted in that for VARVAR, VARFIX and FIXVAR classes the bit requirements for transmitting the syntax elements and/or side information were high-scale, and that for the FIXFIX class a precise temporal adjustment of the envelopes to transients within the block was not possible. By contrast, the above embodiments enable conducting a delay optimization on the decoder side, specifically a delay optimization by six QMF time slots or 384 audio samples in the audio signal original area, which roughly corresponds to 8 ms at 48 kHz of audio signal sampling. In addition, the elimination of the VARVAR, VARFIX and FIXVAR frame classes enables savings in the data rate for the transmission of the spectral envelopes, which results in the possibility of higher data rates for low-frequency encoding and/or the core and, thus, improved audio quality. Effectively, the above embodiments provide the transients to be enveloped within the LD_TRAN class frames which are synchronous to the SBR frame boundaries. 
     It shall be noted, in particular, that, unlike the previous exemplary table of  FIG. 3 , the transient envelope length may also comprise more than only 2 QMF time slots, the transient envelope length being smaller than ⅓ of the frame length, however. 
     With regard to the above description it shall also be noted that the present invention is not boundaryed to audio signals. Rather, the above embodiments could naturally also be employed in video encoding. 
     It shall also be noted with regard to the above embodiments that the individual blocks in  FIGS. 1 and 5  may be implemented both in hardware and in software, for example, e.g. as parts of an ASIC or as program routines of a computer program. 
     This opportunity shall be taken to note that, depending on the circumstances, the inventive scheme may also be implemented in software. Implementation may be on a digital storage medium, in particular a disk or CD with electronically readable control signals which may interact with a programmable computer system such that the respective method is performed. Generally, the invention thus also consists in a computer program product with a program code, stored on a machine-readable carrier, for performing the inventive method, when the computer program product runs on a computer. In other words, the invention may thus be realized as a computer program having a program code for performing the method, when the computer program runs on a computer. With regard to the embodiments discussed above, it shall also be noted that the encoded information signals generated there may be stored on, e.g., a storage medium, such as an electronic storage medium. 
     While this invention has been described in terms of several embodiments, there are alterations, permutations, and equivalents which fall within the scope of this invention. It should also be noted that there are many alternative ways of implementing the methods and compositions of the present invention. It is therefore intended that the following appended claims be interpreted as including all such alterations, permutations and equivalents as fall within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.