Patent Publication Number: US-2022225172-A1

Title: Switch and backhaul capacity-based radio resource management

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/752,499, filed Jan. 24, 2020, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     An exemplary aspect is directed toward communications systems. More specifically an exemplary aspect is directed toward IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 wireless communications systems. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Wireless systems employ processes to manage the radio resources of the wireless devices to optimize parameters including channelization, transmit power, etc. The management of the radio helps avoid or mitigate issues with signal interference, bandwidth contention, etc. Newer Wi-Fi standards allow for more bandwidth capacity for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). With wide channel bandwidths, e.g., up to 160 MHz, and very high data rates, higher throughput through the WLAN can be attained. However, usage of wide bandwidths contributes to high frequency reuse, which can cause more interference on at least some channels, among Basic Service Sets (BSSs) in a Radio Frequency (RF) neighborhood. Thus, The Access Points (APs) providing wireless access to the WLAN must carefully administer Radio Resource Management (RRM) to balance the higher bandwidth capacity and the increased interference potential (caused by overlapping spectrum) when selecting the higher bandwidths. 
     APs may rely on other communications technologies to connect to the rest of the network/Internet. One of the most common connections is an Ethernet switch, which may be directly connected to the AP. APs can also use other technologies as a backhaul, such as 5G networks or Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications (DOCSIS). The realized capacity that the AP can provide to stations connected to the AP can be bottlenecked by the capacity of the switch and/or backhaul connection. For example, if the switch capacity is only 1 Gbps, then the stations connected to the AP cannot realize the full capacity of the 160 MHz bandwidth channels, which can support as much as 2.3 Gbps. Similarly, the 5G backhaul may have limited data rates, either from physical link capacity limits or from cellular service provider throttling the channel due to tiered plans. 
     With current RRM techniques, the switch and backhaul limits are not determined or allowed for in the bandwidth allocations, which can lead to excessively wide bandwidth selection, where APs and client stations cannot take advantage of the increased radio capacity, while also reducing the available wireless spectrum. 
     SUMMARY 
     Aspects herein can include systems and methods that analyze a bandwidth restriction in a communication stream of an Access Point (AP). Then, based on the bandwidth restriction, the AP can determine a lower amount of wireless bandwidth to provide to station wireless communicating to the AP. The AP can then modify a bandwidth allocation assigned to the station based on the lower amount of wireless bandwidth. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an environment with a network in accordance with aspects of the current disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates an access point or controller in accordance with aspects of the current disclosure; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a signaling process in accordance with aspects of the current disclosure; 
         FIG. 4A  illustrates data structure that may be received, stored, retrieved, managed, etc., in accordance with aspects of the current disclosure; 
         FIG. 4B  illustrates another data structure that may be received, stored, retrieved, managed, etc., in accordance with aspects of the current disclosure; 
         FIG. 4C  illustrates another data structure that may be received, stored, retrieved, managed, etc., in accordance with aspects of the current disclosure; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a process for managing the radio resource in response to limitations to the bandwidth available to a station, as conducted at a AP, in accordance with aspects of the current disclosure; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates another process for managing the radio resource in response to limitations to the bandwidth available to a station, as conducted at a AP, in accordance with aspects of the current disclosure; 
         FIG. 7A  illustrates another process for managing the radio resource in response to limitations to the bandwidth available to a station, as conducted at a AP, in accordance with aspects of the current disclosure; 
         FIG. 7B  illustrates another process for managing the radio resource in response to limitations to the bandwidth available to a station, as conducted at a AP, in accordance with aspects of the current disclosure; 
         FIG. 7C  illustrates another process for managing the radio resource in response to limitations to the bandwidth available to a station, as conducted at a AP, in accordance with aspects of the current disclosure; 
         FIG. 7D  illustrates another process for managing the radio resource in response to limitations to the bandwidth available to a station, as conducted at a AP, in accordance with aspects of the current disclosure; and 
         FIG. 8  illustrates an embodiment of a station or access point in accordance with aspects of the current disclosure. 
     
    
    
     In the drawings, like numerals can refer to like components. A letter following the numeral indicates another instance of the same type of component. Like components can share the description of that component. When referring to a component without the letter following the numeral, all components having that numeral indicator may share that description. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Overview 
     Aspects herein include a method that optimizes a Wireless Radio&#39;s operational bandwidth, spatial stream, and frequency assignment(s) based on the backend infrastructure&#39;s capability(ies), current network state, and backhaul capacity. The method can combine knowledge about wired and wireless components, traffic inflows in varying topologies, etc. to determine whether the bandwidth assignment should be adjusted based on the underlying infrastructure nodes. 
     With the evolution of wireless radios, AP radios can handle Gigabit traffic streams from Very High Throughput (VHT) stations which makes wireless networks support high bandwidth applications and HD/4K Video streams. Some recently developed standards increases the link capacity and efficiency even further, where each spatial stream can handle 1.2 Gbps and generate a combined 9.6 Gbps of output by an AP capable of 8 Spatial Streams. With the adoption of the newer 802.11 standards, the backend switches, ports, and other network elements could now become bandwidth bottleneck. 
     The aspects herein can bias Radio Resource Management (RRM) bandwidth, adaptive Resource Unit (RU) Assignment, and Dynamic Spatial Stream adjustments based on switch and backhaul capacity limits to optimize for highest achievable radio capacity (i.e. data rate) and reduce co-channel interference induced by overlapping BSS (OBSS). 
     The Backhaul Aware Dynamic Frequency Adjustment (BADFA) in RRM takes following three infrastructure parameters into consideration. First, the BADFA considers the access switch capability. The access switch capability can include the port capability. Access switches can provides a first hop connection to the Wi-Fi AP and, therefore, switch capacity has a direct impact on the maximum data that can be pushed by AP&#39;s egress Ethernet port. Using a Level 2 (L2) discovery protocol, for example, CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol) or LLDP (Link Layer Data Protocol), an AP can become aware about the maximum capacity of the connected switch. Additionally, a resource manager (e.g., WLAN Controller or the Network Management System (NMS)) can provide visibility into the AP&#39;s port capability and the port&#39;s current load. Furthermore, a wireless AP can support Link Aggregation (LAG). LAG allows the AP to combine multiple Ethernet links into a single logical link between two networked devices. Therefore, the total capacity of an egress port at AP can also consider LAG. 
     Switch port usage for non-Wi-Fi traffic can also be measured directly or averaged based on historical data. The non-Wi-Fi traffic switch port usage is subtracted from the maximum switch port capacity to yield the switch port capacity available for wireless or Wi-Fi traffic, which RRM takes into account for the bandwidth selection decisions. 
     Second the BADFA considers the switch profile: The network infrastructure, e.g., switch or NMS, can be queried to get information about the capacity and traffic utilization of the next hop link or links (to the rest of the network/Internet) of the switch to which the AP is connected. This next hop link bandwidth can also be considered. 
     Next, the BADFA can consider the egress capacity: Despite having an individual Gigabit port, a switch may not be able to handle their true capabilities if the egress port of the switch has limited bandwidth. For example, the switch is limited if, for example, ten APs are each connected to a 1 Gbps port on a switch that has one 5 Gbps link out to a router and, all traffic to and from the APs, needs to go through the one 5 Gbps link. If each AP is trying to push 1 Gbps up through the switch link to the router, the APs can be bottlenecked by the 5 Gbps link at the egress port. 
     Also, the BADFA can consider user policy. Neighboring APs may be on different switches (e.g. due to high availability (HA)), meaning the other APs may have different switch capacities and utilizations. Thus, if one channel width is reduced on one AP, that same channel may have freed spectrum that can be utilized to increase bandwidth for another AP on a different switch that allows for the increased capacity. Similarly, by leveraging a Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN), a user may configure a dynamic switch policy, which can allow varying access rates per switch/ports around peak time as compared to after-hours times. 
     The BADFA can consider a next hop link capacity and the average utilization of that next hop link, along with the average load that each AP requests and pushes. The RRM can select appropriate bandwidths for the APs based on the next hop link capacities. For example, in a heavily loaded network, assigning 80 MHz channels to 5 APs connected to a switch with a 1 Gbps next hop link is non-productive because the next hop link cannot utilize the high data rates achievable with 80 MHz, and the spectrum would be better used by other APs connected to backend infrastructure that could handle higher bandwidths. 
     The wireless AP can be connected to back-end infrastructure via Wired DOCSIS interfaces, for example, Ethernet, Coaxial Cable, Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC), etc. or via wireless infrastructure, for example, Cellular, 5G technologies, etc. With these technologies, user policy and/or external factors can cause variation in the available bandwidth. For example, high interference can severely reduce backend infrastructure capability to handle inbound Gigabits of a traffic stream from the APs. Therefore, the aspects can consider such infrastructure capacity and usage to gauge available bandwidth for the AP. 
     The backhaul capacity can be limited by either physical link limits (as explained above) or by a service provider throttling due to tiered plans and policies. When the back-end infrastructure&#39;s bandwidth is reduced, the aspects herein can enforce following adjustments on the Wi-Fi AP to make wireless communications with stations more robust. 
     The aspects can also limit or change functions of the AP or other network elements to allow for the most wireless bandwidth. For example, the system can suppress higher Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) traffic: When backend infrastructure cannot handle high-bandwidth wireless traffic, to make reliable communication between AP and the stations, the aspects can cap or limit Downlink (DL) to lower MCS rates. While this will reduce overall bandwidth consumption, it will also reduce 802.11 overhead by reducing RTS/CTS and Retries at higher rates. 
     Further, the aspects can throttle Trigger Frames (TFs). For at least some stations, an AP can throttle Uplink (UL) transmissions from STAs by throttling the number of TFs. Trigger frames allow Access Points to control traffic streams from their associated stations. By throttling trigger frames, the amount of uplink traffic will be reduced/distributed, and thus, result in lower bandwidth usage. 
     The aspects may also adjust robust contention backoff. The contention backoff parameters can be adjusted to have increased Contention Window Minimum (CWmin) and Contention Window Maximum (CWmax) to allow reliable message exchange, over a reduced backend infrastructure. Also, the aspects can reduce spatial streams. Spatial streams are radio chains that carry unique set of data to one or many stations. Total capacity of the radio is determined by each SS&#39;s capacity multiplied by total number of spatial streams supported. When backend capacity is reduced, a wireless radio can reduce the number of spatial streams supported to further reduce overall bandwidth consumption. Reducing spatial streams also reduces total power usage by wireless APs. Permutations and combinations of aforementioned adjustments can be made based on the variations seen across wireless deployments. 
     Finally, some network deployments include mesh networks where two or more APs join in a wireless network. A mesh network offers flexible RF topology that need not have dependencies on the Ethernet switch ports. A Root Access Point (RAP) can be connected to a backend access switch, and multi-hop Child Mesh APs (CMAP) can be connected to the RAP, via a mesh backhaul and over the Wi-Fi. As a number of hops increases, latency in the wireless communication increases and therefore overall capacity of the CMAP decreases. Therefore, mesh topology-aware RF optimizations would include optimizations. 
     First, method can support incremental bandwidth adjustments based on a number of mesh hops. For example, if the mesh backhaul between the RAP and the CMAP operates at 80 MHz Channel width, all subsequent child MAPs can only support a 40 MHz or below channel width. 
     The mesh supports a unique tree-like topology where data traffic from stations associated to CMAPs can be bridged without querying backend infrastructure. The aspects can perform traffic inflow analysis within mesh topology, and, if a significant amount of traffic is exchanged within mesh sub-tree (traffic streams do not route to backend infrastructure), then the aspects can assign robust and wider channel bandwidth to subtree segments while reducing backend dependent mesh nodes to reduced bandwidth. 
     Then, the traffic steams can be further analyzed to create a stack ranking within the mesh nodes based on the stream inflow. For example, mesh nodes, with the highest amount of stream inflow, can be assigned the best frequencies, with widest possible bandwidth. Similarly, leaf mesh nodes, with least amount of traffic inflow, can be assigned the lowest bandwidth. 
     Aspects herein are generally directed to wireless communications systems that can perform according to one or more wireless communications standards. For example, some aspects may involve wireless communications performed according to Wi-Fi standards developed by the IEEE 802.11, for example, may involve wireless communications performed in accordance with IEEE 802.11ax. Some aspects may involve wireless communications performed in accordance with other standards, rules, regulations, guidance, etc. Some aspects may additionally or alternatively involve wireless communications according to one or more other wireless communication standards, for example, and without limitation, other IEEE wireless communication standards, such as the IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11u, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ad, IEEE 802.11af, IEEE 802.11 ah, and/or IEEE 802.11ay standards, Wi-Fi Alliance (WFA) wireless communication standards, such as, Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi Direct, Wi-Fi Direct Services, Wireless Gigabit (WiGig), WiGig Display Extension (WDE), WiGig Bus Extension (WBE), WiGig Serial Extension (WSE) standards and/or standards developed by the WFA Neighbor Awareness Networking (NAN) Task Group, Machine-Type Communications (MTC) standards such as those embodied in 3GPP Technical Report (TR) 23.887, 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 22.368, and/or 3GPP TS 23.682, and/or Near-Field Communication (NFC) standards such as standards developed by the NFC Forum, including any predecessors, revisions, progeny, and/or variants of any of the above. 
     Likewise, some aspects may involve wireless communications performed according to one or more broadband wireless communication standards, for example, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE), and/or 3GPP LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) technologies and/or standards. Additional examples of broadband wireless communication technologies/standards may include Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)/Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)/High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), and/or GSM with General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) system (GSM/GPRS), IEEE 802.16 wireless broadband standards such as IEEE 802.16m and/or IEEE 802.16p, International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced (IMT-ADV), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and/or WiMAX II, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 2000 (e.g., CDMA2000 1.times.RTT, CDMA2000 EV-DO, CDMA EV-DV, and so forth), High Performance Radio Metropolitan Area Network (HIPERMAN), Wireless Broadband (WiBro), High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), High Speed Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Packet Access (HSOPA), High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) technologies and/or standards. 
     Example Embodiments 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an example of an operating environment  100  associated with aspects herein. The WLAN in environment  100  may comprise an Extended Service Set (ESS), which can include a master station or controller  101 , one or more APs  104   a - 104   f , one or more basic service sets (BSSs)  102 , which may include, an AP  5   104   e  and one or more devices or stations (STAs)  108 . The master station  101  may be an AP using the IEEE 802.11 protocol(s) to transmit and receive. 
     The AP  104  may be a base station and may use other communications protocols as well as the IEEE 802.11 protocol. The IEEE 802.11 protocol may include using OFDMA, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), and/or code division multiple access (CDMA). The IEEE 802.11 protocol may include a multiple access technique. For example, the IEEE 802.11 protocol may include Space-Division Multiple Access (SDMA) and/or Multiple-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MU-MIMO). An example configuration of the APs  104  and/or controllers  101  may be as shown in  FIG. 8 . 
     The STAs  108  may include one or more High-Efficiency Wireless (HEW) (as illustrated in, e.g., the IEEE 802.11ax standard) STAs, future defined types of STAs, and/or one or more legacy (as illustrated in, e.g., the IEEE 802.11n/ac standards) STAs. The STAs  108  may be wireless devices, for example, a cellular telephone, a smart telephone, a handheld wireless device, wireless glasses, a wireless watch, a wireless personal device, a tablet, or another device that may be transmitting and receiving using an IEEE 802.11 protocol. In the operating environment, an AP  104  may generally manage access to the wireless medium in the WLAN in environment  100  for the STA  108 . 
     Within the environment  100 , one or more STAs  108  may associate and/or communicate with the AP  104  to join the WLAN. Joining the WLAN may enable STAs  108  to wirelessly communicate with each other via AP  104 , with each other directly, with the AP  104 , or to another network or resource through the AP  104 . In some configurations, to send data to a recipient, a sending STA may transmit an Uplink (UL) Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) comprising the data, to AP  104 , which may then send the data to the recipient STA  108 , in a Downlink (DL) PPDU. The PLCP is the physical layer protocol that is used with 802.11 and other standards. 
     In some configurations, a frame of data transmitted between the STAs  108  or between a STA  108  and the AP  104  may be configurable. For example, a channel used for communication may be divided into subchannels that may be 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz, 160 MHz, of contiguous bandwidth or an 80+80 MHz (160 MHz) of non-contiguous bandwidth. Further, the bandwidth of a subchannel may be incremented into 1 MHz, 1.25 MHz, 2.03 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz 10 MHz bandwidths, a combination thereof, or any other bandwidth division that is less or equal to the available bandwidth may also be used. The bandwidth of the subchannels may be based on a number of active subcarriers. The bandwidth of the subchannels can be multiples of 26 (e.g., 26, 52, 104, etc.) active subcarriers or tones that are spaced by 20 MHz. In some configurations, the bandwidth of the subchannels is 256 tones spaced by 20 MHz. In other configurations, the subchannels are a multiple of 26 tones or a multiple of 20 MHz. A 20 MHz subchannel may also comprise 256 tones for use with a 256 point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT); however, other combinations are possible and using 256 tones in a 20 MHz subchannel is not necessary to execute the methods herein. 
     When managing access to the wireless medium in the WLAN in environment  100 , the AP  104  may schedule medium access, for the sending STA  108 , during a UL time interval, during which the AP  104  may refrain from transmitting over the wireless medium. The UL time interval may comprise a portion of a Transmit Opportunity (TXOP) owned by AP  104 . 
     At a given point in time, multiple STAs, in the WLAN, may wish to send data. In some configurations, rather than scheduling medium access for STAs  108  in different respective UL time intervals, the AP  104  may schedule medium access for STAs  108  to support UL MU transmission techniques, according to which multiple STAs  108  may transmit UL MU PPDUs to the AP  104  simultaneously during a given UL time interval. For example, by using UL MU OFDMA techniques during a given UL time interval, multiple STAs  108  may transmit UL MU PPDUs to the AP  104  via different respective OFDMA Resource Units (RUs) allocated by the AP  104 . In another example, by using UL MU-MIMO techniques during a given UL time interval, multiple STAs  108  may transmit UL MU PPDUs to the AP  104  via different respective spatial streams allocated by the AP  104 . 
     To manage access, the AP  104  may transmit a master-sync transmission, which may be a Trigger Frame (TF) or a control and schedule transmission, at the beginning of the control period. The AP  104  may transmit a time duration of the TXOP and sub-channel information. During the control period, STAs  108  may communicate with the AP  104  in accordance with a non-contention based multiple access technique, such as OFDMA or MU-MIMO. This technique is unlike conventional WLAN communications in which devices communicate in accordance with a contention-based communication technique, rather than a multiple access technique. During the control period, the AP  104  may communicate with STAs  108  using one or more control frames, and the STAs  108  may operate on a sub-channel smaller than the operating range of the AP  104 . 
     During the master-sync transmission, the STAs  108  may contend for the wireless medium with the legacy STAs  108  being excluded from contending for the wireless medium during the master-sync transmission. The TF used during this master-sync transmission may indicate an UL-MU-MIMO and/or UL OFDMA control period. The multiple-access technique used during the control period may be a scheduled OFDMA technique, or alternatively, may be a TDMA technique, a Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) technique, or a SDMA technique. 
     Similarly, STAs, in the WLAN, may need to receive data. Again, rather than scheduling medium access for STAs  108  in different respective DL time intervals, the AP  104  may schedule medium access for STAs  108  to support DL MU transmission techniques, according to which multiple STAs  108  may receive DL MU PPDUs from the AP  104  simultaneously during a given DL time interval. For example, by using DL MU OFDMA techniques during a given UL time interval, multiple STAs  108  may receive DL MU PPDUs from the AP  104  via different respective OFDMA RUs allocated by the AP  104 . In another example, by using DL MU-MIMO techniques during a given DL time interval, multiple STAs  108  may receive DL MU PPDUs from the AP  104  via different respective spatial streams allocated by the AP  104 . 
     To manage access, the AP  104  may transmit a master-sync transmission, which may be a TF or a control and schedule reception, at the beginning of the control period. The AP  104  may transmit a time duration of the Receive Opportunity (RXOP) and sub-channel information. During the control period, STAs  108  may communicate with the AP  104  in accordance with a non-contention based multiple access technique, such as OFDMA or MU-MIMO. During the control period, the AP  104  may communicate with STAs  108  using one or more control frames, and the STAs  108  may operate on a sub-channel smaller than the operating range of the AP  104 . 
     During the master-sync transmission, the STAs  108  may contend for the wireless medium with the legacy STAs  108  being excluded from contending for the wireless medium during the master-sync transmission. The TF used during this master-sync transmission may indicate an UL-MU-MIMO and/or UL OFDMA control period. The multiple-access technique used during the control period may be a scheduled OFDMA technique, or alternatively, may be a TDMA technique, FDMA technique, or a SDMA technique. 
     The AP  104  may also communicate with legacy stations and/or STAs  108  in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 communication techniques. In some configurations, the AP  104  may also be configurable to communicate with STAs  108  outside the control period in accordance with legacy IEEE 802.11 communication techniques, although this is not a requirement. 
     The environment  100  may include a controller  101  that can include an egress port  103   a  and/or a switch  103   b . Both the port  103   a  and switch  103   b  may be part of a same component or may be separate components where the controller  101  represents physically distinct devices. The port  103   a  and switch  103   b  may be embodied in hardware, software, or hardware and software. The port  103   a  and switch  103   b  can provide connections to the one or more APs  104  and to a network  105 . The network  105  may be separated from or may be physically distinct from the network contained in environment  100 . 
     One or more APs  104  may be connected to the controller  101 . For example, two separate APs, AP 1   104   a  and AP 2   104   b , may be wired or wirelessly communicating with the controller  101  for access to the external network  105 . The APs  104  can be hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. APs may be as described in conjunction with  FIG. 8 . 
     APs  104  may be referred to a nodes, and, as such, the reference numeral  104  may reference APs and nodes. AP 1   104   a  may be a top level node, a RAP, in a mesh network. A mesh network may include child node AP 3   104   c  and AP 4   104   d . Each of those child nodes  104   c ,  104   d  may have further child nodes, for example, AP 4   104   d  is in communication with child node AP 5   104   e  and child node AP 6   104   f . There may be more or fewer APs  104  connected to the mesh network that those shown in  FIG. 1  and may be arranged differently than that shown in  FIG. 1 . One or more APs  104  within the environment  100  may be in communication with the STA  108 . 
     The STA  108  can be any hardware, software, combination of hardware and software providing client access to the BSS  102  and, through the BSS  102 , to the external network  105 . The STA  108  can be in wireless communication with an AP  104   c . The STA  108  may be as described in conjunction with  FIG. 8 . 
     An embodiment of hardware and/or software that may comprise components of the AP  104  and/or the controller  101  may be as shown in  FIG. 2 . These components can include one of more of, but is not limited to, a backhaul capacity analyzer  204 , a port capability analyzer  208 , a switch analyzer  212 , a wireless infrastructure capacity analyzer  216 , a mesh analyzer  220 , a radio resource management (RRM) bandwidth adjuster  224 , and a bandwidth controller  228 . 
     The backhaul capacity analyzer  204  can analyze the bandwidth or other capabilities of the connection between the controller  101  and the backend network  105 . Thus, the egress connection from the BSS  102  and/or the environment  100  to the network  105  can be analyzed to determine the amount of available bandwidth or other types of restraints or conditions. Backhaul capacity analyzer  204  then presents the total amount of outgoing bandwidth available to the environment  100  to the RRM bandwidth adjuster  224 . The information determined by the backhaul capacity analyzer  204  may be as described in conjunction with  FIG. 4A  and/or  FIG. 4B . 
     The port capability analyzer  208  can analyze the ability of the port  103  for bandwidth and other restrictions. A port capability analyzer  208  can determine the amount of incoming bandwidth and outgoing bandwidth from the port  103  and any type of restrictions on bandwidth capacity through the port  103   a  or processing restrictions that may limit the amount of data being sent through the port  103   a . Similarly, the switch analyzer  212  can analyze the switch  103   b  for bandwidth capacity. Thus, the switch analyzer  212  can also determine the incoming bandwidth capabilities, outgoing capabilities, and any restrictions on the processing of data throughput through the switch  103   b . The data from the port capability analyzer  208  and switch analyzer  212  may also be sent to the RRM bandwidth adjuster  224 . The information determined by the port capability analyzer  208  may be as described in conjunction with  FIG. 4A  and/or  FIG. 4B . 
     The wireless infrastructure capacity analyzer  216  can analyze any restrictions that may occur on wireless links either from an AP  104  to the controller  101 , between APs  104  and STAs  108 , or any other type of restriction on the capacity of the wireless environment  100 . In this way, the wireless infrastructure capacity analyzer  216  can determine if there are any kind of restrictions or bandwidth limiters that may need to be taken into account by the RRM bandwidth adjuster  224 . The information determined by the wireless infrastructure capacity analyzer  216  may be as described in conjunction with  FIG. 4A  and/or  FIG. 4B . 
     Mesh analyzer  220  can analyze the AP meshes shown from  104   a  to  104   f . This mesh analyzer  220  can determine bandwidth capacities between nodes or amongst the entire mesh network. This information about the mesh network may be provided to the RRM bandwidth adjuster  224 . The information determined by the mesh analyzer  220  may be as described in conjunction with  FIG. 4C . 
     The RRM bandwidth adjuster  224  is capable of determining limitations on any AP  104  within the environment  100  based on bandwidth information, at another STA  108 , or over a link connected to or causing a restriction on the AP&#39;s capacity. Thus, the RRM bandwidth adjuster  224  can determine the max amount of bandwidth than can be used by the AP  104  based on the AP&#39;s situation in the network in environment  100  or with one of the components, for example, the switch  103   b , the port  103   a , or other components or connections limiting the amount of bandwidth that could be sent to or from the AP  104 . This information may then be sent to the bandwidth controller  228 . 
     The bandwidth controller  228  functions to change the amount of wireless spectrum provided to the AP  104  based on the restrictions provided by the RRM bandwidth adjuster  224 . Thus, if the AP  104   a , for example, is unable to send more than a particular amount of bandwidth through to the network  105  based on the restrictions of the switch  103   b , the port  103   a , the network  105  connection, or other devices or connections, the bandwidth controller  228  can limit the AP&#39;s  104   a  wireless capacity to STAs  108  or other APs  104  based on these restrictions. In this way, the wireless spectrum that may have been allotted to the AP  104   a , but not able to be used by AP  104   b  can then be reassigned or allocated to other APs  104  that do not have the same type of restrictions or may require additional wireless bandwidth. 
     An embodiment of a signaling process  300  conducted by components of the environment  100  may be as shown in  FIG. 3 . The backhaul, which may be represented by the network  105 , may be in communication with the controller  101 , which may be in communication with one or more APs  104 , which, in turn, may be in communication with one or more STAs  108 . 
     In the signaling process, the backhaul network  105  may send a message or information to the controller  101 , in signal  304 . Further, the AP  104  may send one or more items of information to the controller, in signal  308 . The signal  304  and  308  may provide information about the bandwidth capacities both upstream of the controller  101  and upstream or downstream of the AP  104 . This information may then provide for a determined amount of bandwidth available to use by each AP  104  based on its restrictions that are based on devices or links connected to the AP  104  or within the AP&#39;s signaling tree. 
     This information may then be used to determine amount of capacity provided to or allotted to the AP  104 . This allotted wireless capacity may be sent in signal  312  to the AP  104  for limiting the amount of wireless spectrum the AP  104  may use. The AP  104  may then use that allotted spectrum to communication with a STA  108  in signal(s)  316 . In this way, the AP  104  may have its wireless spectrum adjusted or correlated to the lowest amount of capacity or capability the AP  104  can use based on the connections and devices connected upstream and downstream from the AP  104 . 
     A data store  400  comprising one or more data structures that may be sent, received, stored, retrieved or managed within the system in environment  100  may be as shown in  FIGS. 4A through 4C . There may be more data structures, in data store  400  or provided within the environment  100  and communicated in the several process used to provide wireless capability to the STAs  108 , than those shown here in  FIGS. 4A through 4C . 
     A first data structure  404 , which is shown in  FIG. 4A , may represent data about one or more ports  103   a . The data structure  404  can include a port identifier (PID)  408 , switch capacity  412 , first hop restrictions  416 , Link Aggregation (LAG) data  420 , known Wi-Fi traffic information  424 , and/or determined port capacity  428 . There may be more or fewer fields in data structure  404 , as represented by ellipses  432 . Each port  103  within the system may include a different data structure  404  as represented by ellipses  436 . 
     The PID  408  can be any type of identifier that uniquely identifies the port  103   a . This PID  408  can be a numeric ID, an alphanumeric ID, a Globally Unique ID (GUID), or other type of ID. In some situations, the PID  408  is the MAC address or other communication address for the port  103   a . Regardless of the ID type, the PID  408  uniquely identifies the port  103   a  to other ports  103   a  in or outside the environment  100 . 
     Switch capacity  412  can represent the amount of capacity that can be provided by the switch within the port  103   a  or switches that may be connected to the port  103   a . The switch capacity  412  may represent a total bandwidth available for sending to the network  105  or for accepting information from the network  105 . The switch capacity  412  can be represented as the bandwidth in bits per second or other measure. 
     The first hop restriction  416  can determine and record the amount of capacity of the connection from the port  103   a  to the network  105 . This first hop restriction  416  can be listed as an amount of bandwidth available and may be deduced by averaging the amount of bandwidth being used over a period of time or by other methods. 
     LAG data  420  can include an aggregated amount of data being used by the several wireless or wired data streams being received or sent by the port  103   a . Thus, the port  103   a  can determine a total amount of data bandwidth being used based on aggregating all of the bandwidth of the various separate connections or streams coming into the port  103   a  from a switch  103   b  or APs  104 . Similarly, the outgoing data links may be analyzed to determine aggregated amount of data being used. LAG data  420  can use logical links and/or physical links to determine the aggregation. LAG data  420  can be represented by a total bandwidth being received by or sent by the port  103   a.    
     Non-Wi-Fi traffic information  424  can include any type of bandwidth being used by housekeeping or other control features that may not be part of the data traffic. This non-Wi-Fi traffic  424  may also be referred to as 802.11 overhead traffic. These non-Wi-Fi types of transmissions can be made to control or establish the interface between different switches  103   b , APs  104 , or other devices in network  105 . This non-Wi-Fi traffic may also be determined at a point in time, by averaging bandwidth used, or by other type of measure. The non-Wi-Fi traffic information  424  can include a bandwidth measurement. 
     The determined port capacity  428  can be the amount of available bandwidth that can be provided by the port  103   a . The determined port capacity  428  is generally determined by the difference of the switch capacity  412  minus the non-Wi-Fi traffic information  424 . In other situations, the determine port capacity  428  may be calculated as the product of switch capacity  412  multiplied by a capacity allowed by a Software Defined-WAN (SD-WAN) policy, enforced by a user. The SD-WAN policy is an amount of bandwidth allowed by a user. For example, the SD-WAN policy can be set to 75% of total capacity. In this way, the determined port capacity  428  can determine if there is more data being sent based on the amount of bandwidth being used in LAG data  420  compared to the determined port capacity  428  explained above. If there is not enough determined port capacity  428 , then the port  103   a  can alert the APs  104  or control the bandwidth being used by the different APs  104  to ensure that that amount of data is within the amount of determined port capacity  428 . 
     A data structure  440  which may represent information about a switch  103   b  may be as shown in  FIG. 4B . The data structure  440  can include one or more of, but is not limited to, a switch ID  444 , egress capacity  448 , user policies  452 , and next hop link data  456 . There may be more or fewer fields within data structure  440 , as represented by ellipses  460 . Further, each switch within the system may have a separate data structure  440 , as represented by ellipses  464 . 
     The switch ID  444  can be any type of ID including a numeric ID, alphanumeric ID, a GUID, a MAC address, a URL, etc. The switch ID  444  uniquely identifies the switch  103   b  amongst other switches in the environment  100  or other components within the environment  100 . 
     The egress capacity  448  can be the amount of capacity or bandwidth between the switch  103   b  and port  103   a . The egress capacity  448  can be limited by the port  103   a  or by other components beyond the port  103   a . This egress capacity  448  can be recorded as an amount of bandwidth available to send from the switch  103   b . Egress capacity can be calculated by first determine the product of the Ethernet port capacity, of the AP, multiplied by the Link Aggregation data and then subtracting the amount of 802.11 Management traffic overhead. 
     User policies  452  may be any type of policies for sharing spectrum or bandwidth amongst switches  103   b  in the environment  100  or amongst other BSSs that may be neighboring the BSS  102  and sharing the same spectrum. Thus, the user policies  452  can assign or request that, in certain situations, the switch  103   b  should move bandwidth to another BSS or switch  103   b . These policies  452  may be used to determine if the bandwidth to the APs  104  should be limited in some situations. 
     The next hop link data  456  can be the bandwidth capacity of any type of link from a switch  103   b  to the port  103   a  or from the switch  103   b  to the network  105 , etc. This next hop link data  456  may be similar to data associated with the first hop restriction  416 . The next hop link data  456  can be recorded as a bandwidth or other restrictions. 
     Another data structure  468  may be as shown in  FIG. 4C . Data structure  468  may be related to any type of data about mesh networks within the environment  100 . Thus, the data structure  468  can include one or more AP IDs  472   a  through  472   n , information about link hops  480 , information about traffic bridging  484 , and/or information about stream inflow bandwidth  488 . There may be more or fewer fields than that shown in  FIG. 4C , as represented by ellipses  492 . There may be more than one mesh network within environment  100 , which may each have their own separate data structure  468 , as represented by ellipses  496 . 
     The AP 1  ID  472   a , AP 2  ID  472   b , APn ID  472   n  can each be any type of ID including a numeric ID, an alphanumeric ID, a GUID, a MAC address, a URL, or other type of address or ID. The AP ID  472  is unique to each AP  104  and thus must identify that AP  104  uniquely within the mesh network or within the environment  100 . There may be one or more AP IDs within the mesh network as represented by ellipses  476 . 
     Link hop information  480  can describe the number of links or hops within the mesh network. Each of the links may have a separate amount of bandwidth required. Thus, links higher up in the mesh network may require more bandwidth to handle the capacity or communications capabilities outbound from APs  104  lower in the mesh network. This information about bandwidth requirements and link hops may be stored within data field  480 . 
     Traffic bridging  484  can include a description of the amount of traffic within a mesh sub tree that may be determined through inflow analysis. There may be several members of the mesh network that are not associated to the backend structure. As such, these nodes may not provide information and may not be known to the controller/processor using the information. The inflow analysis can determine the amount of bandwidth required based on evaluating the amount of traffic being exchanged between mesh nodes and can determine the amount of network bandwidth being provided by the back independent mesh nodes. This information may be described as one or more bandwidths within the traffic bridging data field  484 . 
     Stream inflow bandwidth  488  may be an analysis or ranking of the mesh nodes based on the amount of stream inflow being used; thus, mesh nodes with the highest amount of stream inflow can be provided the best frequencies or bandwidth for providing access to APs  104  or STAs  108 . Thus, this stream inflow bandwidth  488  provides a hierarchal order of which nodes may need the most bandwidth within the mesh network. It is possible in the mesh network to have a first node with a higher bandwidth requirement than one or more nodes higher in the mesh tree, such as that first node&#39;s parent node. This situation occurs when there is a great amount of inter-nodal communication between the first node and/or one or more nodes in the sub-tree including or below the first node. Thus, a node or nodes in the sub-tree may be allotted more bandwidth than those nodes above the sub-tree. 
     An embodiment of a method  500  for changing or regulating the radio resource within the network in the environment  100  may be as shown in  FIG. 5 . Generally, the method  500  starts with a start operation  504  and ends with an end operation  516 . The method  500  can include more or fewer steps or can arrange the order of the steps differently than those shown in  FIG. 5 . The method  500  can be executed as a set of computer-executable instructions, executed by a computer system or processing component, and be encoded or stored on a storage medium. Further, the method  500  can be executed by a gate or other hardware device or component in an ASIC, a FPGA, or other type of hardware device. Hereinafter, the method  500  shall be explained with reference to the systems, components, modules, software, data structures, etc. described herein. 
     An AP  104  and/or controller  101  may determine the amount of bandwidth capacity for each AP  104  communicating with STAs  108 , in stage  508 . Here, each of the different components  204  through  220  may be used to analyze the different configurations of the port  103   a , the network  105 , the switch  103   b , any mesh network, any of the APs  104 , etc. The determined bandwidth may be as described in conjunction with  FIGS. 4A and/or 4B , and be assigned to each AP  104  or station  108  within the network in environment  100 . The determined bandwidth may then be provided to the RRM bandwidth adjuster  224 . 
     The RRM bandwidth adjuster  224  can then change the bandwidth assignments or allocations to each of the different APs  104  based on the capacities required or capabilities of those APs  104  to communicate upstream and downstream, in stage  512 . These changing bandwidth allocations can be an assignment stored at the AP  104  or controller  101  based on the data as provided in  FIGS. 4A through 4C . 
     In a configuration, the bandwidth allocation is set by changing the RU assignments provided to the STAs  108 . Other changes to communications characteristics, besides changing the RU assignments, may also be used in conjunction or in the alternative to the change to RU assignments. These changed RU assignments, or other communication characteristics, ensure that the AP  104  provides, to the STAs  108 , only that amount of bandwidth that may be able to be used in upstream or downstream communications. Thus, if an AP  104  has a restriction on the amount of bandwidth in an upstream port  103   a  or switch  103   b , or other device or connection, the amount of wireless bandwidth allowed for the AP  104  may be limited or set to that amount of bandwidth allowed by the restriction. 
     An embodiment of a method  600  for determining the bandwidth capacities, from stage  508  described above, may be as shown in  FIG. 6 . Generally, the method  600  starts with a start operation  604  and ends with an end operation  624 . The method  600  can include more or fewer steps or can arrange the order of the steps differently than those shown in  FIG. 6 . The method  600  can be executed as a set of computer-executable instructions, executed by a computer system or processing component, and be encoded or stored on a storage medium. Further, the method  600  can be executed by a gate or other hardware device or component in an ASIC, a FPGA, or other type of hardware device. Hereinafter, the method  600  shall be explained with reference to the systems, components, modules, software, data structures, etc. described herein. 
     The backhaul capacity analyzer  204  and/or the port capability analyzer  208  may determine the port capacity, in stage  608 . Here, the port capability analyzer and/or backhaul capacity analyzer  204 ,  208  can analyze the port  103   a  to determine the one or more items of information in data structure  404 . This information can include any egress bandwidth or other restrictions in the port capacity, which will be stored in data structure  404 . 
     The switch analyzer  212  can then determine switch capabilities, in stage  612 . The switch analyzer  212  can analyze the incoming or outgoing bandwidth and any other restrictions in the processing or data throughput of the switch. This information may be as stored in data structure  440  of  FIG. 4   b.    
     The wireless infrastructure capacity analyzer  216  may then control wired or wireless capacities. This control includes conducting such operations as limiting or capping the amount of MCS traffic in the network to reduce the overall bandwidth consumption in the network in environment  100  between any of the one or more APs  104  and/or the switch  103   b  or port  103   a . This control is done, possibly, by reducing the number of Request To Send (RTS) or Clear To Send (CTS) messages and sending those at higher rates. Further, the wireless infrastructure capacity analyzer  216  can also throttle trigger frames to reduce or space out the amount of bandwidth usage in the network in environment  100 . Further, the contention back-off parameters can be adjusted to change the amount of minimum/maximum back-off to allow for reliable message exchange with reducing the amount of bandwidth infrastructure as explained above. Further, the wireless infrastructure capacity analyzer  216  an also reduce the number of spatial streams being used in changing the total capacity of the radio being used to reduce the bandwidth based on the limited number of spatial streams. 
     The mesh analyzer  220  may then determine the mesh capabilities, in stage  612 . Here, the mesh analyzer can analyze any type of mesh, for example, the mesh with APs  104   a  through  104   f . The mesh capabilities can determine any type of traffic bridging, streaming, flow, link hops, etc. This information may be stored in data structure  468 , as described in conjunction with  FIG. 4C . 
     An embodiment of a method  700  for determining the port capacities, in stage  608 , may be as shown in  FIG. 7A . Generally, the method  700  starts with a start operation  702  and ends with an end operation  714 . The method  700  can include more or fewer steps or can arrange the order of the steps differently than those shown in  FIG. 7A . The method  700  can be executed as a set of computer-executable instructions, executed by a computer system or processing component, and be encoded or stored on a storage medium. Further, the method  700  can be executed by a gate or other hardware device or component in an ASIC, a FPGA, or other type of hardware device. Hereinafter, the method  700  shall be explained with reference to the systems, components, modules, software, data structures, etc. described herein. 
     The port capability analyzer  208  can determine the maximum amount of port bandwidth. This determination may include using the backhaul capacity analyzer  204  to evaluate or determine the maximum amount of egress bandwidth from the port  103   a  to the network  105 . This bandwidth may represent the maximum amount of bandwidth available to the port  103   a . In other configurations, the max port capacity can be the amount of bandwidth amongst two or more ports  103   a  within the network  105 ,  100 . 
     The port capability analyzer  208  can then determine the amount of capacity or bandwidth between any one or more APs  104  and the port  103   a . In other words, this determination determines the amount of inflow traffic ability for the port  103   a.    
     The port capability analyzer  208  may then determine the amount of link aggregation bandwidth. Link aggregation (LAG) can combine multiple Ethernet links into one logical link between two devices. As such, it may aggregate or determine a total amount of bandwidth being used by the data links between two or more devices in the network in environment  100 . This amount of LAG may then be recorded in data structure  404  in data field  420 . 
     The port capability analyzer may then determine the amount of non-Wi-Fi or data traffic being communicated between the devices, in stage  710 . The non-Wi-Fi traffic can include any type of control information or other type of data being handled between two or more devices to provide the capability to communicate data. This information may then be stored as non-Wi-Fi traffic information in field  424  of data structure  404 . Thereinafter, the amount of port capacity can be determined by the port capability analyzer  208  by taking a total port capacity similar to finding any non-Wi-Fi or other limitations as determined above. This result is provided as a total amount of capability or capacity that can be provided to the APs  104 . 
     An embodiment of a method  716  for determining the amount of switch capabilities may be as shown in  FIG. 7B . Generally, the method  716  starts with a start operation  718  and ends with an end operation  726 . The method  716  can include more or fewer steps or can arrange the order of the steps differently than those shown in  FIG. 7B . The method  716  can be executed as a set of computer-executable instructions, executed by a computer system or processing component, and be encoded or stored on a storage medium. Further, the method  716  can be executed by a gate or other hardware device or component in an ASIC, a FPGA, or other type of hardware device. Hereinafter, the method  700  shall be explained with reference to the systems, components, modules, software, data structures, etc. described herein. 
     The switch analyzer  212  can determine the amount of egress capacity, in stage  720 . Egress capacity can be the amount of bandwidth going from a switch  103   b  to the port  103   a  or to the network  105 . This determined egress capacity can be a bandwidth that is stored in the data structure  440 . 
     The switch analyzer  212  may then evaluate any user policy associated with the switch or AP, in stage  722 . The user policy can determine how to interact with different neighboring APs  104 , either within environment  100  or part of another BSS. This neighbor policy may request or require reducing the amount of bandwidth used by an AP  104  to allow that bandwidth to be provided to another AP  104  that has higher priority communications. In contrast, the neighbor policy can also require another AP  104  to provide bandwidth to the current AP  104  of the environment  100 . These policies may be evaluated to determine whether or not the system in environment  100  should attempt to limit AP bandwidth. 
     The switch analyzer  212  can determine the next hop link bandwidth, in stage  724 . AP  104  can determine the amount of hop bandwidth between itself and another AP  104 , between itself and the switch  103   b , etc. This next hop link bandwidth is a direct indication of the amount of limited bandwidth within a mesh network or between the AP  104  and the switch  103   b . This information may be stored in field  456  of data structure  440 . 
     An embodiment of a method  728  for controlling wireless capacities of stage  616  may be as shown in  FIG. 7C . Generally, the method  728  starts with a start operation  730  and ends with an end operation  740 . The method  728  can include more or fewer steps or can arrange the order of the steps differently than those shown in  FIG. 7C . The method  728  can be executed as a set of computer-executable instructions, executed by a computer system or processing component, and be encoded or stored on a storage medium. Further, the method  728  can be executed by a gate or other hardware device or component in an ASIC, a FPGA, or other type of hardware device. Hereinafter, the method  728  shall be explained with reference to the systems, components, modules, software, data structures, etc. described herein. 
     The wireless infrastructure capacity analyzer  216  can first limit the amount of backend traffic, in stage  732 . Here, the wireless infrastructure capacity analyzer  216  can limit the amount of control traffic between the AP  104  and wireless STAs  108  or between APs  104  or between other devices to cap or limit the amount of down links to a lower MCS rate. This reduces the amount of 802.11 overhead by reducing RTS/CTS messages or retries that may be operated at higher rates. This limited traffic helps to expand the amount of bandwidth that may be available to data traffic. 
     The wireless infrastructure capacity analyzer  216  may then throttle the amount of trigger frames, in stage  734 . By throttling the number of trigger frames allowed, this allotted uplink transmissions from the AP  104  may be distributed or eliminated. Thus, by limiting or spacing out the number of trigger frames, the amount of bandwidth used for uplink transmissions may be controlled. 
     The wireless infrastructure capacity analyzer  216  can then change the contention back-off parameters, in stage  736 . For example, CWmin and CWmax may be changed such that there is less conflict between messages and allows for more reliable message exchange even though there are fewer backend messages. This change then allows the wireless infrastructure capacity analyzer  216  to increase bandwidth by limiting backend control messages and still allow for reliable traffic because the contention back-off parameters have been increased. 
     The wireless infrastructure capacity analyzer  216  may then reduce the number of spatial streams, in stage  738 . Any AP  104  can have various spatial streams that can direct communications to various devices. By limiting the number of spatial streams allowed or used, the AP  104  has a natural reduction in the amount of bandwidth, as fewer streams can be sent out. 
     An embodiment of a method  742  for determining mesh capability in stage  620  may be as shown in  FIG. 7D . Generally, the method  742  starts with a start operation  744  and ends with an end operation  752 . The method  742  can include more or fewer steps or can arrange the order of the steps differently than those shown in  FIG. 7D . The method  742  can be executed as a set of computer-executable instructions, executed by a computer system or processing component, and be encoded or stored on a storage medium. Further, the method  742  can be executed by a gate or other hardware device or component in an ASIC, a FPGA, or other type of hardware device. Hereinafter, the method  742  shall be explained with reference to the systems, components, modules, software, data structures, etc. described herein. 
     The mesh analyzer  220  can determine the mesh hop capacity, in stage  746 . Here, the mesh analyzer  220  can analyze the amount of bandwidth or traffic between any two APs  104  in the mesh, for example, between AP  104   d  and AP  104   f . These hop capacities may be stored, along with the AP IDs, to determine a link and the link&#39;s capacity between the identified APs. 
     The mesh analyzer  220  can also configure the traffic bridging, in stage  748 . The traffic bridging ensures that mesh sub tree nodes have enough bandwidth for communications amongst the nodes. It reduces the back independent mesh nodes bandwidth to reduce the amount of bandwidth allotted for those nodes  104  compared to other nodes  104 . It ensures that traffic streams do not route to backend infrastructure and ensures a more fluid and efficient method for exchanging data in the mesh network. 
     The mesh analyzer  220  may then conduct a stream inflow, in stage  750 . Stream inflow determines the amount of bandwidth inflow into an AP  104 . These inflows can be analyzed to determine whether lower leaf mesh nodes require more bandwidth at higher connection links to perform properly. Otherwise, the lowest bandwidth is provided to each link in the mesh network, but allows for increasing the amount of bandwidth higher in the tree to allow the proper functioning of the lower nodes within the mesh tree. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates an embodiment of a communications device  800  that may implement one or more of APs  104 , controllers  101 , and/or STAs  108  of  FIG. 1 . In various embodiments, device  800  may comprise a logic circuit. The logic circuit may include physical circuits to perform operations described for one or more of APs  104 , controllers  101 , and STAs of  FIG. 1 , for example. As shown in  FIG. 8 , device  800  may include one or more of, but is not limited to, a radio interface  805 , baseband circuitry  825 , and/or computing platform  845 . 
     The device  800  may implement some or all of the structures and/or operations for one or more of APs  104 , controllers  101 , and/or STAs  108  of  FIG. 1 , storage medium  855 , and logic circuit in a single computing entity, such as entirely within a single device. Alternatively, the device  800  may distribute portions of the structure and/or operations using a distributed system architecture, such as a client-server architecture, a peer-to-peer architecture, a master-slave architecture, etc. 
     An radio interface  805 , which may also include an analog front end (AFE), may include a component or combination of components adapted for transmitting and/or receiving single-carrier or multi-carrier modulated signals (e.g., including Complementary Code Keying (CCK), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), and/or Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols) although the configurations are not limited to any specific over-the-air interface or modulation scheme. The radio interface  805  may include, for example, a receiver  810  and/or a transmitter  815 . Radio interface  805  may include bias controls, a crystal oscillator, and/or one or more antennas  820 . In additional or alternative configurations, the radio interface  805  may use oscillators and/or one or more filters, as desired. 
     Baseband circuitry  825  may communicate with radio interface  805  to process, receive, and/or transmit signals and may include, for example, an Analog-To-Digital Converter (ADC) for down converting received signals with a Digital-To-Analog Converter (DAC)  830  for up converting signals for transmission. Further, baseband circuitry  825  may include a baseband or PHYsical layer (PHY) processing circuit for the PHY link layer processing of respective receive/transmit signals. Baseband circuitry  825  may include, for example, a Medium Access Control (MAC) processing circuit  835  for MAC/data link layer processing. Baseband circuitry  825  may include a memory controller for communicating with MAC processing circuit  835  and/or a computing platform  845 , for example, via one or more interfaces  840 . 
     In some configurations, PHY processing circuit may include a frame construction and/or detection module, in combination with additional circuitry such as a buffer memory, to construct and/or deconstruct communication frames. Alternatively or in addition, MAC processing circuit  835  may share processing for certain of these functions or perform these processes independent of PHY processing circuit. In some configurations, MAC and PHY processing may be integrated into a single circuit. 
     The computing platform  845  may provide computing functionality for the device  800 . As shown, the computing platform  845  may include a processing component  850 . In addition to, or alternatively of, the baseband circuitry  825 , the device  800  may execute processing operations or logic for one or more of APs  104 , controllers  101 , and/or STAs  108 , storage medium  855 , and logic circuits using the memory components  855 . The processing component  850  (and/or PHY and/or MAC  835 ) may comprise various hardware elements, software elements, or a combination of both. Examples of hardware elements may include devices, logic devices, components, processors, microprocessors, circuits, processor circuits, circuit elements (e.g., transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors, and so forth), integrated circuits, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC), Programmable Logic Devices (PLD), Digital Signal Processors (DSP), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), memory units, logic gates, registers, semiconductor device, chips, microchips, chip sets, and so forth. Examples of software elements may include software components, programs, applications, computer programs, application programs, system programs, software development programs, machine programs, operating system software, middleware, firmware, software modules, routines, subroutines, functions, methods, procedures, software interfaces, Application Program Interfaces (API), instruction sets, computing code, computer code, code segments, computer code segments, words, values, symbols, or any combination thereof. Determining whether an embodiment is implemented using hardware elements and/or software elements may vary in accordance with any number of factors, such as desired computational rate, power levels, heat tolerances, processing cycle budget, input data rates, output data rates, memory resources, data bus speeds and other design or performance constraints, as desired for a given implementation. 
     The computing platform  845  may further include other platform components. Other platform components include common computing elements, such as one or more processors, multi-core processors, co-processors, memory units, chipsets, controllers, peripherals, interfaces, oscillators, timing devices, video cards, audio cards, multimedia Input/Output (I/O) components (e.g., digital displays), power supplies, and so forth. Examples of memory units  855  may include without limitation various types of computer readable and machine readable storage media in the form of one or more higher speed memory units, such as Read-Only Memory (ROM), Random-Access Memory (RAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Double-Data-Rate DRAM (DDRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Static RAM (SRAM), Programmable ROM (PROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, polymer memory such as ferroelectric polymer memory, ovonic memory, phase change or ferroelectric memory, Silicon-Oxide-Nitride-Oxide-Silicon (SONOS) memory, magnetic or optical cards, an array of devices such as Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) drives, solid state memory devices (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB) memory, Solid State Drives (SSD) and any other type of storage media suitable for storing information. 
     Device  800  may be, for example, an ultra-mobile device, a mobile device, a fixed device, a Machine-To-Machine (M2M) device, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a mobile computing device, a smart phone, a telephone, a digital telephone, a cellular telephone, user equipment, eBook readers, a handset, a one-way pager, a two-way pager, a messaging device, a computer, a Personal Computer (PC), a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a netbook computer, a handheld computer, a tablet computer, a server, a server array or server farm, a web server, a network server, an Internet server, a work station, a mini-computer, a main frame computer, a supercomputer, a network appliance, a web appliance, a distributed computing system, multiprocessor systems, processor-based systems, consumer electronics, programmable consumer electronics, game devices, display, television, digital television, set top box, wireless access point, base station, node B, subscriber station, mobile subscriber center, radio network controller, router, hub, gateway, bridge, switch, machine, or combination thereof. Accordingly, functions and/or specific configurations of device  800  described herein, may be included or omitted in various embodiments of device  800 , as suitably desired. 
     Embodiments of device  800  may be implemented using Single Input Single Output (SISO) architectures. However, certain implementations may include multiple antennas (e.g., antennas  820 ) for transmission and/or reception using adaptive antenna techniques for beamforming or Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA) and/or using MIMO communication techniques. 
     The components and features of device  800  may be implemented using any combination of discrete circuitry, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), logic gates and/or single chip architectures. Further, the features of device  800  may be implemented using microcontrollers, programmable logic arrays and/or microprocessors or any combination of the foregoing where suitably appropriate. It is noted that hardware, firmware, and/or software elements may be collectively or individually referred to herein as “logic,” “circuit,” or “processor.” 
     The device in  FIG. 8  can also contain a security module (not shown). This security module can contain information regarding, but not limited to, security parameters required to connect the device to another device or other available networks or network devices, and can include Wireless Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) security access keys, network keys, etc., as discussed. 
     Another module that the device in  FIG. 8  can include is a network access unit (not shown). The network access unit can be used for connecting with another network device. In one example, connectivity can include synchronization between devices. In another example, the network access unit can work as a medium which provides support for communication with other stations. In yet another example, the network access unit can work in conjunction with at least the MAC circuitry  835 . The network access unit can also work and interact with one or more of the modules/components described herein. 
     It should be appreciated that the exemplary device  800  shown in the block diagram of  FIG. 8  may represent one functionally descriptive example of many potential implementations. Accordingly, division, omission, or inclusion of block functions depicted in the accompanying figures does not infer that the hardware components, circuits, software and/or elements for implementing these functions would be necessarily be divided, omitted, or included in embodiments. 
     Embodiments of the disclosure, for example, may be implemented as a computer process (method), a computing system, or as an article of manufacture, such as a computer program product or computer readable media. The computer program product may be a computer storage media readable by a computer system and encoding a computer program of instructions for executing a computer process. The computer program product may also be a propagated signal on a carrier readable by a computing system and encoding a computer program of instructions for executing a computer process. Accordingly, the present disclosure may be embodied in hardware and/or in software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.). In other words, embodiments of the present disclosure may take the form of a computer program product on a computer-usable or computer-readable storage medium having computer-usable or computer-readable program code embodied in the medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system. A computer-usable or computer-readable medium may be any medium that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. 
     The computer-usable or computer-readable medium may be, for example but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or propagation medium. More specific computer-readable medium examples (a non-exhaustive list), the computer-readable medium may include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM). Note that the computer-usable or computer-readable medium could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via, for instance, optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted, or otherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory. 
     While certain embodiments of the disclosure have been described, other embodiments may exist. Furthermore, although embodiments of the present disclosure have been described as being associated with data stored in memory and other storage mediums, data can also be stored on or read from other types of computer-readable media, such as secondary storage devices, like hard disks, floppy disks, or a CD-ROM, a carrier wave from the Internet, or other forms of RAM or ROM. Further, the disclosed methods&#39; stages may be modified in any manner, including by reordering stages and/or inserting or deleting stages, without departing from the disclosure. 
     Furthermore, embodiments of the disclosure may be practiced in an electrical circuit comprising discrete electronic elements, packaged or integrated electronic chips containing logic gates, a circuit utilizing a microprocessor, or on a single chip containing electronic elements or microprocessors. Embodiments of the disclosure may also be practiced using other technologies capable of performing logical operations such as, for example, AND, OR, and NOT, including but not limited to, mechanical, optical, fluidic, and quantum technologies. In addition, embodiments of the disclosure may be practiced within a general purpose computer or in any other circuits or systems. 
     Embodiments of the disclosure may be practiced via a system-on-a-chip (SOC) where each or many of the elements illustrated in  FIG. 1  may be integrated onto a single integrated circuit. Such a SOC device may include one or more processing units, graphics units, communications units, system virtualization units and various application functionality all of which may be integrated (or “burned”) onto the chip substrate as a single integrated circuit. When operating via a SOC, the functionality described herein with respect to embodiments of the disclosure, may be performed via application-specific logic integrated with other components of computing device  800  on the single integrated circuit (chip). 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure, for example, are described above with reference to block diagrams and/or operational illustrations of methods, systems, and computer program products according to embodiments of the disclosure. The functions/acts noted in the blocks may occur out of the order as shown in any flowchart. For example, two blocks shown in succession may in fact be executed substantially concurrently or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/acts involved. 
     While the specification includes examples, the disclosure&#39;s scope is indicated by the following claims. Furthermore, while the specification has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, the claims are not limited to the features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example for embodiments of the disclosure. 
     Aspects of the disclosure comprise a method comprising: receiving, at a first Access Point (AP) of a first Basic Service Set (BSS), a signal from a second AP of a second BSS; determining, by the first AP, a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) associated with the second AP to determine if there is interference from the second AP; when there is interference, generating a joint schedule for the first AP and the second AP to manage how the first AP and second AP transmit or receive signals to mitigate the interference. 
     Any of the one or more above aspects, wherein the first AP and the second AP exchange an agreement to conduct joint scheduling. 
     Any of the one or more above aspects, wherein the agreement is a handshake signal. 
     Any of the one or more above aspects, wherein the first AP and the second AP elect the first AP as a master AP to generate the joint schedule. 
     Any of the one or more above aspects, wherein the second AP is a slave AP. 
     Any of the one or more above aspects, wherein the first AP and the second AP synchronize timing before following the joint schedule. 
     Any of the one or more above aspects, wherein the timing is synchronized using a Precision Time Protocol. 
     Any of the one or more above aspects, wherein the first AP receives data associated with the second AP to generate the joint schedule. 
     Any of the one or more above aspects, wherein the data associated with the second AP comprises one or more of an amount of activity at the second AP, a current resource unit (RU) assigned to the second AP, and/or an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) schedule being followed by the second AP. 
     Any of the one or more above aspects, wherein the joint schedule provides an RU in which the second AP is to transmit or receive data. 
     Aspects of the disclosure further comprise an access point (AP) comprising: a radio operable to receive a signal from a second AP of a second Basic Service Set (BSS); a memory; a processor in communication with the memory and the radio, the processor operable to: determine a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) associated with the second AP to determine if there is interference from the second AP; when there is interference: send a handshake signal to the second AP as an agreement to conduct joint scheduling; and generate a joint schedule for the AP and the second AP to manage how the AP and second AP transmit or receive signals to mitigate the interference. 
     Any of the one or more above aspects, wherein the AP and the second AP elect the AP as a master AP to generate the joint schedule, and wherein the second AP is a slave AP. 
     Any of the one or more above aspects, wherein the AP and the second AP synchronize timing before following the joint schedule, and wherein the timing is synchronized using a Precision Time Protocol. 
     Any of the one or more above aspects, wherein the AP receives data associated with the second AP to generate the joint schedule, and wherein the data associated with the second AP comprises one or more of an amount of activity at the second AP, a current resource unit (RU) assigned to the second AP, and/or an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) schedule being followed by the second AP. 
     Any of the one or more above aspects, wherein the joint schedule provides an RU in which the second AP is to transmit or receive data. 
     Aspects of the disclosure further comprise a basic service set comprising: a first access point operable to: receive a signal from a second AP of a second Basic Service Set (BSS); determine a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) associated with the second AP to determine if there is interference from the second AP; when there is interference: send a handshake signal to the second AP as an agreement to conduct joint scheduling; and generate a joint schedule for the AP and the second AP to manage how the AP and second AP transmit or receive signals to mitigate the interference. 
     Any of the one or more above aspects, wherein the AP and the second AP elect the AP as a master AP to generate the joint schedule, and wherein the second AP is a slave AP. 
     Any of the one or more above aspects, wherein the AP and the second AP synchronize timing before following the joint schedule, and wherein the timing is synchronized using a Precision Time Protocol. 
     Any of the one or more above aspects, wherein the AP receives data associated with the second AP to generate the joint schedule, and wherein the data associated with the second AP comprises one or more of an amount of activity at the second AP, a current resource unit (RU) assigned to the second AP, and/or an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) schedule being followed by the second AP. 
     Any of the one or more above aspects, wherein the joint schedule provides an RU in which the second AP is to transmit or receive data. 
     Any of the one or more above aspects, wherein the bandwidth restriction is associated with an egress capacity of the AP. 
     Any of the one or more above aspects, wherein the egress capacity is a difference of, a product of Ethernet port capacity, of the AP, multiplied by a Link Aggregation data (LAG), minus an amount of 802.11 Management traffic overhead. 
     Any of the one or more above aspects, wherein the port capacity comprises as a product of a switch capability multiplied by a capacity allowed by a SD-WAN policy enforced by a user. 
     Any of the one or more above aspects, wherein a first node, in the mesh network, has a higher bandwidth allocation that a parent node of the first node. 
     Any of the one or more above aspects, wherein network traffic in the mesh network requires more bandwidth and is local to a sub-tree of the mesh network comprising the first node and one or more nodes below the first node.