Patent Publication Number: US-4842849-A

Title: Composition intended for the treatment of keratin fibres, based on a cationic polymer and an anionic polymer containing vinylsulphonic groups

Description:
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 376,036, filed May 7, 1982, now abandoned. 
    
    
     The present invention relates to compositions based on polymers, which are intended for use in the treatment of keratin substances and more particularly in the treatment of hair, the skin and the nails. 
     The use of compositions based on cationic polymers and anionic polymers for the treatment of keratin substances has already been described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,240,450 These compositions make it possible, in particular, to obtain an easy comb-out and a pleasant feel of the hair when wet and shine, hold and volume of the hair when dry. 
     The cationic polymers which are more particularly used contain primary, secondary, tertiary and/or quaternary amine groups and have a molecular weight of 500 to 5 000 000; the anionic polymers which could be used contain, in particular, sulphonic, carboxylic or phosphoric groups and have a molecular weight of 500 to 2 000 000. 
     We have discovered that polymers containing vinylsulphonic groups are particularly advantageous because of the properties which they make it possible to provide when these polymers are associated with polymers containing cationic groups, in particular as regards the comb-out, the stiffness or the hold of the hair and the softness to the touch, in particular on sensitised hair. 
     These polymers are more particularly polymers containing vinylsulphonic units. 
     The use of the polymers containing cationic groups in association with polymers containing vinylsulphonic units not only makes it possible to obtain the properties already mentioned above, but also makes it possible to reduce or overcome the disadvantages associated with the use of the sulphonic polymers more particularly mentioned in the abovementioned specification. In fact, although sulphonic polymers, such as polystyrenesulphonates or lignosulphonates, are advantageous when used in association with the cationic polymers, they have the disadvantage of making sensitised hair a little too rough and, furthermore, they frequently make it necessary to operate at rather high pH values in order to obtain clear solutions. 
     We have discovered, surprisingly, that the use of polymers containing vinylsulphonic units as anionic polymers makes it possible to obtain, on sensitised hair, a soft feel which is substantially free of roughness. The association of the cationic polymers with a polymer containing vinylsulphonic units also makes it possible, surprisingly, to have a better comb-out than with the other sulphonic polymers. 
     The use of the polymers containing vinylsulphonic units, according to the invention, also makes it possible, for a given composition, to obtain a clear composition at a pH below that at which this was possible for the same composition containing, for example, a polystyrenesulphonate as disclosed in the French Specification. 
     This possibility of lowering the pH for certain compositions can be advantageous, in particular from the point of view of harmlessness in the case of compositions intended for regular application to the skin, such as shampoos, rinsing compositions and lotions. 
     The present invention thus provides a process for the treatment of keratin substances which comprises using a cationic polymer, and an anionic polymer containing vinylsulphonic units, as well as a composition comprising these polymers. 
     The process according to the invention is essentially characterised in that at least one polymer containing cationic groups and at least one anionic polymer containing at least some vinylsulphonic units, of the formula: ##STR2## in which M denotes hydrogen, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, an ammonium group or an amine group, are applied to the keratin substance in order to condition the said substance. 
     The process according to the invention applies more particularly to the treatment of the hair, in particular human hair, and also to the treatment of the skin and the nails, but can also apply to the treatment of keratin substances such as wool. 
     The anionic polymers which are more particularly used according to the invention are polyvinylsulphonates having a molecular weight of 1,000 to 100,000 and preferably of 2,000 to 25,000. 
     The salts preferably used within the scope of the invention are the sodium, potassium, calcium and ammonium salts and the organic amine salts, such as the alkylamine and alkanolamine salts, amongst which are preferred the salts of mono, di- or tri-ethylamine, mono-, di- or tri-propylamine, isopropylamine, mono-, di- or tri-ethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol and 2-amino-2-methylpropanol. 
     Copolymers containing vinylsulphonic groups with one or more cosmetically acceptable comonomers can also be used according to the invention. As comonomers which can be used, there may be mentioned unsaturated acids, such as acrylic or methacrylic acid, and their esters and amides, such as substituted or unsubstituted acrylamide or methacrylamide, vinyl esters, vinyl ethers and vinylpyrrolidone. 
     These polymers containing the vinylsulphonic group are described more particularly in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,961,431 and 4,138,477 and French Pat. No. 2,238,474. 
     The polymers containing cationic groups which can be used according to the invention are polymers containing primary, secondary, tertiary and/or quaternary amine groups and have a molecular weight which is generally 1 000 to 5 000 000. Amongst these polymers, there may be mentioned (true) cationic polymers and amphoteric polymers. 
     The cationic polymers which are more particularly preferred according to the invention are especially: 
     (1) Vinylpyrrolidone/dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate or methacrylate copolymers (quaternised or unquaternised), such as those sold under the name Gafquat by the Gaf Corp, for example &#34;copolymer 845&#34; and Gafquat 734 or 755, described in greater detail in particular in French Pat. No. 2,077,143. 
     (2) Cellulose ether derivatives containing quaternary ammonium groups, such as those described in French Patent 1,492,597 and especially the polymers sold under the name JR, such as JR 125, JR 400 and JR 30 M, and under the name LR, such as LR 400 and LR 30 M, by the Union Carbide Corp., and cationic cellulose derivatives, such as the products sold under the names CELQUAT L 200 and CELQUAT H 100 by National Starch and described in U.S. Pat. No 4,131,576. 
     (3) Cationic polysaccharides, such as those described in U.S. Pats. 3 589 978 and 4 031 307, and in particular Jaguar C13 sold by MEYHALL. 
     (4) Cationic polymers chosen from: 
     (a) polymers containing units of the formula: 
     
         --A--Z--A--Z--                                             (I) 
    
     in which A denotes a radical containing two amino groups, preferably a piperazinyl radical, and Z denotes the symbol B or B&#39;; B and B&#39;, which are identical or different, denote a divalent radical which is a straight-chain or branched-chain alkylene radical which contains up to, say, 7 consecutive carbon atoms in the main chain, is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more hydroxyl groups and can also contain one or more oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur atoms and 1 to 3 aromatic and/or heterocyclic rings, the oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur atoms generally being present in the form of an ether or thioether, sulphoxide, sulphone, sulphonium, amine, alkylamine, alkenylamine, benzylamine, amine oxide, quaternary ammonium, amide, imide, alcohol, ester and/or urethane group; these polymers and their preparation are described in French Patent 2 162 025; 
     (b) polymers containing units of the formula 
     
         --A--Z.sub.1 --A--Z.sub.1 --                               (II) 
    
     in which A denotes a radical containing two amino groups, preferably a piperazinyl radical, and Z 1  denotes the symbol B 1  or B&#39; 1  while denoting the symbol B&#39; 1  at least once; B 1  denotes a divalent radical which is a straight-chain or branched-chain alkylene or hydroxyalkylene radical having up to, say, 7 consecutive carbon atoms in the main chain, and B&#39; 1  is a divalent radical which is a straight-chain or branchedchain alkylene radical which has up to, say, 7 consecutive carbon atoms in the main chain, is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more hydroxyl radicals and is interrupted by one or more nitrogen atoms, the nitrogen atom being substituted by an alkyl chain which is optionally interrupted by an oxygen atom and optionally contains one or more hydroxyl groups; the polymers of the formula (II) and their preparation are described in French Pat. No. 2 280 361; and 
     (c) the alkylation products, with alkyl and benzyl halides or lower (generally of 1 to 6 carbon atoms) alkyl tosylates or mesylates, and the oxidation products, of the polymers of the formulae (I) and (II) indicated above under (a) and (b). 
     (5) Optionally alkylated and crosslinked polyaminoamides chosen from at least one cross-linked polymer obtained by crosslinking a polyamino-polyamide (A) prepared by the polycondensation of an acid compound with a polyamine. The acid compound is chosen from (i) organic dicarboxylic acids, (ii) aliphatic monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids containing an ethylenic double bond, (iii) esters of the abovementioned acids, preferably the esters with lower alkanols having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and (iv) mixtures of these compounds. The polyamine is a bis-primary or mono- or bis-secondary polyalkylene-polyamine; up to 40 mol % of this polyamine can be replaced by a bis-primary amine, preferably ethylenediamine, or by a bis-secondary amine, preferably piperazine, and up to 20 mol % can be replaced by hexamethylenediamine. The crosslinking is carried out by means of a crosslinking agent (B) chosen from epihalogenohydrins, diepoxides, dianhydrides, unsaturated anhydrides and bis-unsaturated derivatives, in proportions of 0.025 to 0.35 mol of crosslinking agent per amine group of the polyamino-polyamide (A). These polymers and their preparation are described in greater detail in French Pat. No. 2,252,840. 
     The alkylation can be carried out with, say, glycidol, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or acrylamide. 
     The optionally aklylated, crosslinked polyamino-polyamides do not contain a reactive group, do not have alkylating properties and are chemically stable. 
     The polyamino-polyamides (A) themselves can also be used according to the invention. 
     (6) Crosslinked polyamino-polyamides obtained by crosslinking a polyamino-polyamide (A, described above) by means of a crosslinking agent which is: 
     (I) compounds chosen from (1) bis-halogenohydrins, (2) bis-azetidinium compounds, (3) bis-halogenoacyl-diamines and (4) bis-(alkyl halides); 
     (II) oligomers obtained by reacting a compound (a) chosen from the group comprising (1) bis-halogenohydrins, (2) bis-azetidinium compounds, (3) bis-halogenoacyl-di-amines, (4) bis-(alkyl halides), (5) epihalogenohydrins, (6) diepoxides and (7) bis-unsaturated derivatives, with a compound (b) which is a difunctional compound which is reactive towards the compound (a); and 
     (III) the quaternisation product of a compound chosen from the compounds (I) and the oligomers (II) and containing one or more tertiary amine groups which can be totally or partially alkylated with an alkylating agent (c) preferably chosen from methyl or ethyl chlorides, bromides, iodides, sulphates, mesylates and tosylates, benzyl chloride or bromide, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and glycidol, the crosslinking being carried out by means of 0.025 to 0.35 mol, in particular of 0.025 to 0.2 mol and more particularly of 0.025 to 0.1 mol, of crosslinking agent per amine group of the polyamino-polyamide. 
     These crosslinking agents and these polymers, together with the process for their preparation, are described in French Application No. 2,368,508. 
     (7) Polyamino-polyamide derivatives resulting from the condensation of a polyalkylene-polyamine with a polycarboxylic acid, followed by alkylation by means of difunctional agents. There may be mentioned the adipic acid/dialkylaminohydroxyalkyl-dialkylenetriamine copolymers in which the alkyl radical contains 1 to 4 carbon atoms and preferably denotes methyl, ethyl or propyl, which are described in French Pat. No. 1,583,363. 
     The products which make it possible to obtain particularly valuable results are the adipic acid/dimethylaminohydroxypropyl-diethylenetriamine copolymers sold under the name Cartaretine F, F 4  or F 8  by SANDOZ. 
     (8) Polymers obtained by reacting a polyalkylenepolyamine containing two primary amine groups and at least one secondary amine group, with a dicarboxylic acid chosen from diglycolic acid and saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, the molar ratio of the polyalkylene-polyamine to the dicarboxylic acid being from 0.8:1 to 1.4:1, and the resulting polyamide being reacted with epichlorohydrin in a molar ratio of epichlorohydrin to the secondary amine groups of the polyamide of from 0.5:1 to 1.8:1; these polymers are mentioned in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,227,615 and 2,961,347. 
     Particularly valuable polymers are those sold under the name HERCOSETT 57 by Hercules Incorporated, and under the name PD 170 or DELSETTE 101 by Hercules, in the case of the adipic acid/epoxypropyl-diethylenetriamine copolymer. 
     (9) Cyclic polymers generally having a molecular weight of 20,000 to 3,000,000, such as homopolymers containing, as the main constituent of the chain, units corresponding to the formula (III) or (III&#39;) ##STR3## in which ρ and t are equal to 0 or 1, and ρ+t=1, R&#34;denotes hydrogen or methyl, R and R&#39; independently of one another denote an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group in which the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a lower amidoalkyl group, and R and R&#39; can denote, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, heterocyclic groups such as piperidinyl or morpholinyl, and Y.sup.⊖  is an anion, such as bromide, chloride, acetate, borate, citrate, tartrate, bisulphate, bisulphite, sulphate or phosphate, and also copolymers containing units of the formula III or III&#39; and, preferably, units derived from acrylamide or from diacetoneacrylamide. Amongst the quaternary ammonium polymers of the type defined above, those which are more particularly preferred are the dimethyldiallylammonium chloride homopolymer sold under the name MERQUAT 100 and having a molecular weight of less than 100,000, and the dimethyldiallylammonium chloride/acrylamide copolymer having a molecular weight of more than 500,000 and sold under the name MERQUAT 550 by MERCK. 
     These polymers are described in French Pat. No. 2,080,759 and its certificate of addition No. 2,190,406. 
     (10) Poly-(quaternary ammonium) compounds of the formula ##STR4## in which R 1  and R 2 , and R 3  and R 4 , which are identical or different, represent aliphatic, alicyclic or arylaliphatic radicals containing a maximum of 20 carbon atoms, or lower hydroxyaliphatic radicals, or alternatively R 1  and R 2 , and R 3  and R 4 , together or separately form, with the nitrogen atoms to which they are attached, heterocyclic rings optionally containing a second hetero-atom other than nitrogen, or alternatively R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 4  represent a group ##STR5## R&#39; 3  denoting hydrogen or lower alkyl and R&#39; 4  denoting ##STR6## R&#39; 5  denoting lower alkyl, R&#39; 6  denoting hydrogen or lower alkyl, R&#39; 7  denoting alkylene and D denoting a quaternary ammonium group; A and B independently represent a polymethylene group containing from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, which can be linear or branched and saturated or unsaturated and can contain, inserted in the main chain, one or more aromatic rings, such as the group ##STR7## or one or more groups --CH 2  --Y--CH 2  --, Y denoting O, S, SO, SO 2 , --S--S--, ##STR8## X 1   -   denoting an anion derived from a mineral or organic acid, R&#39; 8  denoting hydrogen or lower alkyl and R&#39; 9  denoting lower alkyl, or alternatively A and R 1  and R 3  form a piperazine ring with the two nitrogen atoms to which they are attached; moreover, if A denotes a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkylene or hydroxyalkylene radical, B can also denote a group: 
     
         --(CH.sub.2).sub.n CO--D--OC--(CH.sub.2).sub.n 
    
     in which D denotes: 
     (a) a glycol radical of the formula --0--Z--0--, in which Z denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical or a group corresponding to the formulae ##STR9## in which x and y denote an integer from 1 to 4, representing a definite and unique degree of polymerisation (or any number from 1 to 4, representing an average degree of polymerisation in the case of a mixture); 
     (b) a bis-secondary diamine radical, such as a piperazine derivative; 
     (c) a bis-primary diamine radical of the formula: --NH--Y--NH--, in which Y denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical or the divalent radical --CH 2  --CH 2  --S--S--CH 2  --CH 2  --; or 
     (d) a ureylene group of the formula --NH--CO--NH--; 
     n is such that the molecular weight is generally between 1,000 and 100,000; and X -   denotes an anion. 
     Polymers of this type are described, in particular, in French Pat. Nos. 2,320,330, 2,270,846, 2,316,271, 2,336,434 and 2,413,907 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,273,780, 2,375,853, 2,388,614, 2,454,547, 3,206,462, 2,261,002 and 2,271,378. 
     Other polymers of this type are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,874,870, 4,001,432, 3,929,990, 3,966,904, 4,005,193, 4,025,617, 4,025,627, 4,025,653, 4,026,945 and 4,027,020. 
     (11) Homopolymers or copolymers derived from acrylic or methacrylic acid and containing at least some units: ##STR10## in which R 1  is H or CH 3 , A is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R 2 , R 3  and R 4 , which are identical or different, denote an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or a benzyl group, R 5  and R 6  denote H or alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and X denotes methosulphate or halide such as chloride or bromide. 
     The comonomer or comonomers which can be used typically belong to the family comprising: acrylamide, methacrylamide, diacetone-acrylamide, acrylamide and methacrylamide substituted on the nitrogen by one or more lower alkyl groups, alkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids, vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl esters. 
     By way of example, there may be mentioned: 
     the products listed under the names Quaternium 38, 37, 49 and 42 in the Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, 
     the acrylamide/beta-methacryloyloxyethyl-trimethylammonium methosulphate copolymers sold under the names Reten 205, 210, 220 and 240 by Hercules, 
     the aminoethylacrylate phosphate/acrylate copolymer sold under the name Catrex by National Starch, and 
     the crosslinked graft cationic copolymers having a molecular weight of 10,000 to 1,000,000, and preferably of 15,000 to 500,000, and resulting from the copolymerisation of: 
     (a) at least one cosmetic monomer, 
     (b) dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 
     (c) polyethylene glycol and 
     (d) a polyunsaturated crosslinking agent, 
     These copolymers being described in French Pat. No. 2,189,434. 
     (12) Quaternary polymers of vinylpyrrolidone and of vinylimidazole, such as, LUVIQUAT FC 905 sold by BASF. 
     (13) Cationic silicone polymers, such as those described in European Applications 17,121  and 17,122, U.S. Pat No. 4,185,087, Japanese Patent Application 80/66,506 and Austrian Patent Application 71/01,171, or also those mentioned in the CTFA dictionary under the name MODIMETHICONE, such as the product marketed as a mixture with other ingredients under the name &#34;Dow Corning 929&#34; cationic emulsion. 
     Other cationic polymers which can be used as polyalkyleneimines, in particular polyethyleneimines, polymers containing vinylpyridine units or vinylpyridinium units in the chain, condensates of polyamines and of epichlorohydrin, poly-(quaternary ureylenes) and chitin derivatives. 
     The associations which are more particularly preferred according to the invention are associations with the cationic polymers of groups 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12 and 13. 
     It is also possible, according to the invention, to use amphoteric polymers in place of the true cationic polymers, the said amphoteric polymers performing the same function as the true cationics when they are associated with the anionic polymers used according to the invention. 
     The amphoteric polymers consist of units A and B randomly distributed in the polymer chain, in which A denotes a unit derived from a monomer containing at least one basic nitrogen atom and B denotes a unit derived from an acid monomer containing one or more carboxylic or sulphonic acid groups, or alternatively A and B can denote groups derived from zwitterionic monomers of carboxybetaine; A and B can also denote a cationic polymer chain containing secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine groups, in which at least one of the amine groups carries a carboxylic or sulphonic acid group joined via a hydrocarbon radical, or alternatively A and B form part of a chain of a polymer containing an alpha,beta-dicarboxyethylene unit in which one of the carboxylic acid groups has been reacted with a polyamine containing one or more primary or secondary amine groups. 
     These amphoteric polymers are chosen more particularly from: 
     (1) Polymers resulting from the copolymerisation of a monomer derived from a vinyl compound carrying a carboxylic acid group, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid or alpha-chloroacrylic acid, with a basic monomer derived from a substituted vinyl compound containing at least one basic nitrogen atom, such as dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylates and acrylates and dialkylaminoalkly-methacrylamides and -acrylamides. Compounds of this type are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,836,537. 
     (2) Polymers containing units derived from: 
     (a) at least one monomer chosen from acrylamides and methacrylamides substituted on the nitrogen by an alkyl radical, 
     (b) at least one acid comonomer containing one or more reactive carboxylic acid groups, and (c) at least one basic comonomer, such as esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids, containing primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary amine substituents, and the quaternisation product of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate with dimethyl or diethyl sulphate. 
     (3) The crosslinked polyamino-polyamides described above under (5) and (6), partially or totally alkylated by reaction with acrylic acid, chloroacetic acid or an alkanesultone, and their salts described in the abovementioned patents. 
     (4) Polymers containing zwitterionic units of the formula: ##STR11## in which R 1  denotes a polymerisable unsaturated group, such as an acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide or methacrylamide group, x and y represent an integer from 1 to 3, R 2  and R 3  represent hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or propyl and R 4  and R 5  represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical such that the sum of the carbon atoms in R 4  and R 5  does not exceed 10. 
     The polymers containing such units can also contain units derived from non-zwitterionic monomers, such as vinylpyrrolidone, dimethylaminoethyl or diethylaminoethyl acrylate or methacrylate or alkyl acrylates or methacrylates, acrylamides or methacrylamides or vinyl acetate. 
     (5) Polymers derived from chitosan, containing monomeric units corresponding to the following formulae: ##STR12## in which the unit A is present in an amount from 0 to 30%, B is present in an amount from 5 to 50% and C is present in an amount from 30 to 90%. 
     In formula C, R represents a radical of the formula: ##STR13## in which n is 0 or 1 such that if n=0, R 6 , R 7  and R 8 , which are identical or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl, hydroxyl, acetoxy or amino radical, a monoalkylamino radical or a dialkylamino radical, optionally interrupted by one or more nitrogen atoms and/or optionally substituted by one or more amine, hydroxyl, carboxyl, alkylthio or sulphonic acid groups, or an alkylthio radical in which the alkyl group carries an amino radical, at least one of the radicals R 6 , R 7  and R 8  in this case being a hydrogen atom, or if n is equal to 1, R 6 , R 7  and R 8  each represent a hydrogen atom, and also the salts formed by these compounds with bases or acids. 
     (6) The polymers containing units of the formula VII and described in French Pat. No. 1,400,366. ##STR14## in which R represents a hydrogen atom or a CH 3  O, CH 3  CH 2  O or phenyl radical, R 1  denotes hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical, such as methyl or ethyl, R 2  denotes hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical, such as methyl or ethyl, and R 3  denotes a lower alkyl radical, such as methyl or ethyl, or a radical corresponding to the formula: 
     
         --R.sub.4 --N═(R.sub.2).sub.2 
    
     R 4  representing a group --CH 2  --CH 2  --, --CH 2  --CH 2  --CH 2 , ##STR15## and also the upper homologues of these radicals containing up to 6 carbon atoms. 
     (7) Amphoteric polymers derived from the cationic polymers described under (4) above, and obtained by reacting chloroacetic acid or sodium chloroacetate with the said compounds. 
     (8) Amphoteric polymers of a betainised dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylate or dialkylaminoalkyl-(meth)acrylamide, containing at least some units of the formula: ##STR16## in which R 1  denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R 2  denotes an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, Y denotes O or --NH-- and R 3  and R 4  independently of one another denote hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. 
     These polymers have a molecular weight of 1000 to 2,000,000. 
     The amphoteric polymers containing at least some units corresponding to the formula (VIII) above may be in the form of copolymers containing, in addition to the units of the formula (VIII) mentioned above, at least some units of the formula (IX) ##STR17## in which R 1  has the same meaning as that indicated for the formula (VIII) and R 5  represents an alkyl or alkenyl radical having from 4 to 24 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl radical having from 4 to 24 carbon atoms. 
     It is also possible to use ter-, tetra- or pentapolymers containing, in addition to the units (VIII) and (IX) defined above, units of the formula: ##STR18## in which R 6  preferably denotes an alkyl or alkenyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R 1  having the same meaning as that indicated for the formula (VIII), and/or units derived from a hydrophilic ethylenic monomer (XI), and/or units of a second ethylenic monomer (XII) different from the abovementioned units. 
     The units of the formula (VIII) are preferably present in proportions of 25 to 45% by weight and the units of the formula (IX) are preferably present in proportions of 5 to 65% by weight. 
     The units of the formula (X) are preferably present in proportions up to 50% by weight, whilst the units (XI) and (XII) are present in proportions up to 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the polymer. 
     A particularly preferred polymer is the copolymer containing units of the formulae (VIII), (IX) and (X) in which Y denotes an oxygen atom, R 2  denotes the group --C 2  H 4  --, R 1 , R 3  and R 4  denote methyl, R 5  denotes an alkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms and R 6  denotes an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, the average molecular weight of this polymer preferably being 70 000 to 90,000. 
     A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention consists in applying, to keratin fibres, the association of the anionic polymer containing vinylsulphonic groups with a cationic polymer, using a single composition. The invention thus provides the compositions used in this treatment process. 
     These compositions contain, in a medium permitting the application of the polymers to the fibres to be treated, the cationic polymers and the anionic polymers containing vinylsulphonic groups, typically in proportions of 0.01 to 10% by weight and preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight. 
     The pH of these compositions is generally 2 to 11 and preferably 3 to 10. 
     These compositions can be presented in various forms, such as a liquid, cream, emulsion, gel, thickening lotion or powder; they can contain water and also any cosmetically acceptable solvent, in particular monoalcohols, such as alkanols having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, like ethanol, isopropanol, benzyl alcohol and phenylethyl alcohol, polyalcohols, such as alkylene glycols, like ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, and glycol ethers, such as mono-, di- and tri-ethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, for example ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, used singly or in a mixture. These solvents can be present in proportions up to, say, 70% by weight, relative to the weight of the total composition. 
     These compositions can also be packaged as an aerosol, in which case they can be applied either in the form of an aerosol spray or in the form of an aerosol foam. 
     As the propellant gas for these aerosols, it is possible to use, in particular, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, nitrous oxide and volatile hydrocarbons, such as butane, isobutane, propane and, preferably, chlorinated and fluorinated hydrocarbons. 
     Preferred compositions can also contain electrolytes, such as alkali metal salts, like sodium, potassium or lithium salts, these salts preferably being halides, such as the chloride or bromide, and the sulphate, or salts with organic acids, such as the acetates or lactates, and also alkaline earth metal salts, preferably the carbonates, silicates, nitrates, acetates, gluconates, pantothenates and lactates of calcium, magnesium and strontium. 
     These compositions can also be presented in the form of a powder or of lyophilisates to be diluted before use. 
     The compositions according to the invention can contain any other ingredient normally used in cosmetics, such as perfumes, dyestuffs which can serve to colour the composition itself or the fibres, preservatives, sequestering agents, thickeners, silicones, softeners, foam synergistic agents, foam stabilisers, sun filters, peptising agents and also anionic, non-ionic, cationic or amphoteric surface-active agents or mixtures thereof. 
     These compositions can be used, in particular, in the form of a shampoo, a rinsing lotion, a cream or a treatment product which can be applied before or after colouring or bleaching, before or after shampooing, before or after perming or before or after straightening, and can also adopt the form of a colouring product, a setting lotion, a brushing lotion, a bleaching product, a perming product or a straightening product. 
     These compositions can also be used in the form of a cream, milk, emulsion, gel or lotion for the treatment of the skin, or in the form of lotions used for hardening the nails. 
     A particularly preferred embodiment consists of use in the form of a shampoo for washing the hair. 
     In this case, these compositions contain anionic, cationic, non-ionic or amphoteric surface-active agents typically in an amount from 3 to 50% by weight, preferably 3 to 20%, and their pH is 3 to 10. 
     A list of the surface-active agents which can be used according to the invention is given in French Patent Application No. 2 383 660, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
     Another preferred embodiment consists of use in the form of a rinsing lotion to be applied mainly before or after shampooing. These lotions are typically aqueous or aqueousalcoholic solutions, emulsions, thickened lotions or gels. If the compositions are presented in the form of an emulsion, they can be non-ionic or anionic. The non-ionic emulsions consist mainly of a mixture of an oil and/or a fatty alcohol with a polyoxyethyleneated alcohol, such as polyoxyethyleneated stearyl or cetyl/stearyl alcohol, and cationic surface-active agents can be added to these compositions. 
     The anionic emulsions are formed essentially from soap. 
     If the compositions are presented in the form of a thickened lotion or a gel, they contain thickeners in the presence or absence of a solvent. The thickeners which can be used are especially sodium alginates, gum arabic and cellulose derivatives, and it is also possible to achieve thickening by means of a mixture of polyethylene glycol stearate or distearate or by means of a mixture of a phosphoric acid ester and an amide. The concentration of thickener is suitably 0.05 to 15% by weight. If the compositions are presented in the form of a styling lotion. shaping lotion or setting lotion, they generally comprise, in aqueous, alcoholic or aqueous-alcoholic solution, the polymers defined above and also, if appropriate, non-ionic polymers. 
     If the compositions of the invention are intended for use in the dyeing of keratin fibres, and in particular human hair, they contain at least one oxidation dyestuff precursor and/or one direct dyestuff, in addition to the cationic polymer or polymers and the anionic polymer containing vinylsulphonic groups. They can also contain any other adjuvant normally used in this type of composition. 
     The pH of the dyeing compositions is generally 7 to 11 and can be adjusted to the desired value by adding an alkalising agent. 
     The composition according to the invention can also be used for waving or straightening the hair. In this case, the composition contains, in addition to the anionic polymer and the cationic polymer or polymers, one or more reducing agents and, if appropriate, other adjuvants normally used in this type of composition; such compositions are intended for use conjointly with a neutralising composition. 
     If the compositions are emulsions (milks or creams) intended for application to the skin, they contain, in addition to the cationic polymer or polymers and the anionic polymer containing vinylsulphonic groups, oils of natural or synthetic origin, emulsifiers and water and, if appropriate, humectants, softeners, thickeners, U.V. filters, preservatives, perfumes or mineral fillers, for example. 
     Another embodiment of the process according to the invention can consist in forming the association of the cationic polymer with the anionic polymer containing vinylsulphonic groups on the fibres, and in particular on the hair, by applying, in a first stage, a composition presented, for example, in the form of a pre-lotion and containing the cationic polymer, and in a second stage, a composition, such as a shampoo or a dye, containing the anionic polymer with vinylsulphonic groups. 
     According to another embodiment of the invention, it is possible to apply, in a first stage, a shampoo containing the cationic polymer, and in a second stage, a composition, such as a lotion, containing the anionic polymer with vinylsulphonic groups. 
     Another possible procedure is to use a perming, straightening, colouring or bleaching composition containing the cationic polymer, and to follow the treatment with this first composition by a treatment with a composition containing the anionic polymer with vinylsulphonic groups, the latter being placed in a composition which can be a shampoo, an oxidising solution or a simple lotion. 
     Another possible procedure is successively to use a first shampoo containing the cationic polymer, and, in a second stage, a second shampoo containing the anionic polymer with vinylsulphonic groups, it being possible for the pH of the compositions applied in these two stages to be different and adjusted so that, at the time of application of the composition containing the anionic polymer with vinylsulphonic groups, it is under the conditions permitting a good deposition of the association according to the invention on the fibres to be treated. 
     The following Examples further illustrate the present invention. 
    
    
     EXAMPLE 1 
     The following composition is prepared: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Sodium polyvinylsulphonate   1 g                                          
Sodium chloride              4 g                                          
Cationic polyamide-polyamine polymer sold, as                             
                             6 g                                          
an aqueous solution containing 30% of active                              
ingredient, under the name CARTARETINE F8 by                              
SANDOZ                                                                    
Alkyl(C.sub.12 -C.sub.18)-dimethylcarboxymethylammonium                   
                             6 g                                          
hydroxide containing 30% of active ingredient,                            
sold under the name DEHYTON AB30 by HENKEL                                
Surface-active agent of the formula:                                      
RCHOH--CH.sub.2 O[CH.sub.2 --CHOH--CH.sub.2 O].sub.n H                    
R = C.sub.9 -C.sub.12 alkyl                                               
n = 3.5, statistical value   5 g                                          
Nonylphenol oxyethyleneated with 9 mols of                                
                             5 g                                          
ethylene oxide, sold under the name ANTAROX                               
CO 630 by GAF                                                             
Sodium hydroxide q.s.p. pH   pH 7                                         
Perfume                                                                   
Preservative                                                              
Dyestuff                                                                  
Water q.s p                  100 g                                        
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     This clear composition is used as a shampoo. Sensitised hair which is dirty and wet is impregnated and the formation of a mild foam is observed. After an interval of a few minutes, followed by rinsing, the wet hair is easy to comb out and is soft to the touch. 
     The dried hair is soft to the touch and easy to comb out. 
     On replacing the anionic polymer by sodium polystyrenesulphonate in the composition described above, the appearance of turbidity is observed and this only disappears when the pH is increased above 9.1. 
     The treated hair is rougher and is distinctly less easy to comb out than the hair treated with the composition based on sodium polyvinylsulphonate. 
     The sodium polyvinylsulphonate used in the examples has a molecular weight of about 4,300. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     The following composition is prepared: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Sodium polyvinylsulphonate  0.9    g                                      
Sodium chloride             4.0    g                                      
Quaternary polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer having a                        
                            2.5    g                                      
molecular weight of 1,000,000 and containing 20% of                       
active ingredient, marketed under the name                                
GAFQUAT                                                                   
755 by GENERAL ANILIN                                                     
Glucoside alkyl ether containing 30% of active                            
                            8.0    g                                      
ingredient, sold under the name TRITON CG 100 by                          
SEPPIC                                                                    
Lauryl alcohol polyoxyethyleneated with 12 mols of                        
                            12.0   g                                      
ethylene oxide                                                            
Perfume                                                                   
Preservative                                                              
Dyestuff                                                                  
Sodium hydroxide q.s.p. pH  7.3                                           
Water q.s.p.                100    g                                      
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     This composition is clear. When applied as a shampoo under the conditions of Example 1, similar results are observed. 
     On replacing the sodium polyvinylsulphonate by the same amount of sodium polystyrenesulphonate in this composition, turbidity is observed and this is only removed when the pH is brought above 9. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     The following composition is prepared: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Sodium polyvinylsulphonate 0.3    g                                       
Sodium chloride            4.0    g                                       
Dimethyldiallylammonium chloride/acrylamide                               
                           3.0    g                                       
copolymer having a molecular weight of 500,000                            
and containing 8% of active ingredient, sold under                        
the name MERQUAT 550 by MERCK                                             
MIRANOL C 2M, a cycloimidazoline derivative of                            
                           6.0    g                                       
coconut oil, sold by MIRANOL                                              
 ##STR19##                                                                
R = copra, containing 40% of active ingredient                            
Alkyl(C.sub.12 -C.sub.18)dimethylcarboxymethylammonium                    
                           10.0   g                                       
hydroxide containing 30% of active ingredient, sold                       
under the name DEHYTON AB 30 by HENKEL                                    
Perfume                                                                   
Preservative                                                              
Dyestuff                                                                  
Hydrochloric acid      q.s.p.  pH 7.4                                     
Water                  q.s.p.  100.0  g                                   
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     In the same way as the compositions of Examples 1 and 2, this composition is used as a shampoo. The hair washed with this composition is easy to comb out and the dried hair is soft to the touch and easy to comb out. 
     On replacing the polyvinylsulphonate by sodium polystyrenesulphonate in this example, the formation of turbidity is observed and this is only removed when the pH is brought above 8. 
     Furthermore, hair treated with the composition based on sodium polystyrenesulphonate is distinctly rougher to the touch and is less easy to comb out than the hair treated with the composition containing sodium polyvinylsulphonate. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     The following composition is prepared: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Sodium polyvinylsulphonate  2.0    g                                      
Sodium chloride             4.0    g                                      
Quaternised cellulos sold under the name JR 400 by                        
                            0.8    g                                      
UNION CARBIDE                                                             
Triethanolamine alkyl(C.sub.12 -C.sub.14)-sulphate containing             
                            6.0    g                                      
40% of active ingredient                                                  
Akypo RLM 100, which is a product of the formula                          
R--(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.10 OCH.sub.2 COOH                             
R being a mixture of C.sub.12 -C.sub.14 alkyl radicals,                   
                            15.0   g                                      
taining 90% of active ingredient, sold by CHEM Y                          
Perfume                                                                   
Preservative                                                              
Dyestuff                                                                  
Sodium hydroxide q.s.p. pH  7.8                                           
Water q.s.p.                100.0  g                                      
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     On using this composition as a shampoo, the results observed are similar to those observed for the first three examples. 
     On replacing the sodium polyvinylsulpdhonate by sodium polystyrenesulphonate in this case as well, turbidity is found and this is only removed when the pH is brought above 9. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     The following composition is prepared: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Sodium polyvinylsulphonate  0.45   g                                      
Sodium chloride             4.0    g                                      
Polymer resulting from the polycondensation of equi-                      
                            0.91   g                                      
molecular amounts of adipic acid and diethylenetri-                       
amine, followed by crosslinking with epichlorohydrin                      
(11 mols of epichlorohydrin per 100 amine groups).                        
Sodium salt of sulphated alkanol(C.sub.12 -C.sub.14) oxy-                 
                            15.0   g                                      
ethyleneated with 2.2 mols of ethylene oxide, con-                        
taining 25% of active ingredient                                          
Triethanolamine salt of the condensation product                          
                            10.0   g                                      
of copra acids and animal protein hydrolysates, con-                      
taining 40% of active ingredient, sold under the                          
name MAYPON 4CT by STEPAN                                                 
Decyldimethylamine oxide containing 30% of active                         
                            2.1    g                                      
ingredient, sold under the name BARLOX 10S by                             
LONZA                                                                     
Hydrochloric acid q.s.p pH  7.4                                           
Perfume                                                                   
Preservative                                                              
Dyestuff                                                                  
Water q.s.p.                100.0  g                                      
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     The composition obtained is clear. 
     When used as a shampoo, this composition imparts softness to the wet hair, and the dried hair is easy to comb out and soft to the touch and has a good hold. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     The following compositions are prepared: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Composition A                                                             
Polymer of the formula                                                    
 ##STR20##             0.8        g                                       
Sodium chloride        4.0        g                                       
Surface-active agent of the formula:                                      
                       15.0       g                                       
RCHOHCH.sub.2 O[CH.sub.2CHOHCH.sub.2 O].sub.n H                           
R = C.sub.9 -C.sub.12 alkyl                                               
n = 3.5, statistical value                                                
Sodium hydroxide       q.s.p. pH 8                                        
Perfume                                                                   
Preservative                                                              
Dyestuff                                                                  
Water                  q.s.p. 100.0                                       
                                  g                                       
Composition B                                                             
Sodium polyvinylsulphonate                                                
                       1.2        g                                       
Sodium hydroxide       q.s.p. pH 7.9                                      
Perfume                                                                   
Preservative                                                              
Dyestuff                                                                  
Water                  q.s.p. 100.0                                       
                                  g                                       
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     The hair is washed with composition A, which is a clear shampoo, and then composition B is applied to the wet hair. 
     After an interval of a few minutes, the hair is rinsed with water and it is observed that the wet hair is easy to comb out and the dried hair is soft to the touch and easy to comb out and has a good hold. 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     The following composition is prepared: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Sodium polyvinylsulphonate  1.6    g                                      
Sodium chloride             4.0    g                                      
Quaternary polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer having a                        
                            3.0    g                                      
molecular weight of 1,000,000 and containing 20% of                       
active ingredient, marketed under the name                                
GAFQUAT 755 by GENERAL ANILIN                                             
Mixture of cetyl/stearyl alcohol and cetyl/stearyl                        
                            3.0    g                                      
alcohol oxyethyleneated with 12 mols of ethylene                          
oxide, containing 100% of active ingredient, sold                         
by HENKEL under the name SINNOWAX AO                                      
Oleyl alcohol               1.0    g                                      
Hydroxyethylcellulose sold by UNION CARBIDE under                         
                            0.5    g                                      
the name CELLOSIZE QP 4400 H                                              
Distearyldimethylammonium chloride                                        
                            0.4    g                                      
Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride                                             
                            0.5    g                                      
Sodium hydroxide q.s.p. pH  8.2                                           
Perfume                                                                   
Dyestuff                                                                  
Water q.s.p.                100.0  g                                      
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     This composition is applied after washing the hair with a shampoo. After an interval of 10 minutes, the hair is rinsed with running water. 
     The wet hair is soft to the touch and easy to comb out. 
     The dried hair is shiny, soft to the touch and easy to comb out. 
     EXAMPLE 8 
     The following composition is prepared: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Sodium polyvinylsulphonate 0.7    g                                       
Sodium chloride            4.0    g                                       
Polyethyleneimine sold under the name                                     
                           1.5    g                                       
POLYMIN P by                                                              
BASF, as a 50% strength aqueous solution (d =                             
1.07, Brookfield viscosity: 10,000 to 20,000 cPo                          
at 10° C. and 20 rpm)                                              
Hydrochloric acid q.s.p. pH                                               
                           8.6                                            
Perfume                                                                   
Preservative                                                              
Dyestuff                                                                  
Water q.s.p.               100.0  g                                       
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     When applied under the same conditions as the composition of Example 7, similar results are observed. 
     EXAMPLE 9 
     The following composition is prepared: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Sodium polyvinylsulphonate  0.4    g                                      
Product resulting from the polycondensation of epi-                       
                            1.0    g                                      
chlorohydrin and piperazine and having a molecular                        
weight of 1,500 to 2,000, prepared in accordance                          
with Example 1 of French Patent 2,162,025                                 
Surface-active agent of the formula:                                      
RCHOH--CH.sub.2 O[CH.sub.2 --CHOH--CH.sub.2 O].sub.n H                    
R = C.sub.9 -C.sub.12 alkyl                                               
n = 3.5, statistical value  1.0    g                                      
Perfume                                                                   
Preservative                                                              
Dyestuff                                                                  
Hydrochloric acid q.s.p. pH 7                                             
Water q.s.p.                100.0  g                                      
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     This composition is packaged as an aerosol, using 8% of a 50/50 mixture of the propellants Freon 12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) and Freon 114 (dichlorotetrafluoroethane) and 92% of the above composition. 
     When applied from the aerosol pack, this composition is in the form of a foam, which disappears very rapidly on contact with the hair. 
     After an interval of a few minutes, the hair is rinsed and dried and it is observed that the hair is soft to the touch, has a good hold and is easy to comb out. 
     EXAMPLE 10 
     The following lotion is prepared: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Celquat L200             0.5    g                                         
Sodium polyvinylsulphonate                                                
                         0.5    g                                         
Distearyldimethylammonium chloride                                        
                         0.3    g                                         
Water q.s.p. 100         g                                                
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     This composition is applied to clean hair. 
     After application of this composition, the dried hair is soft to the touch and easy to comb out and has a good hold. 
     EXAMPLE 11 
     The following composition is prepared: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Vinylsulphonate/acrylamide copolymer (30%/70%)                            
                            0.5    g                                      
obtained by photopolymerisation                                           
Epichlorohydrin/piperazine polycondensate having a                        
molecular weight of 1,500 to 2,000, prepared in                           
accordance with Example 1 of French Patent                                
2,162,025                   0.5    g                                      
TRITON CG 110               40.0   g                                      
Perfume                                                                   
Preservative                                                              
Dyestuff                                                                  
Hydrochloric acid q.s.p. pH 8.8                                           
Water q.s.p.                100.0  g                                      
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     When used as a shampoo, this composition imparts softness to the wet hair, and the dried hair is easy to comb out and has a good hold. 
     EXAMPLE 12 
     The following composition is prepared: Polymer formed from octylacrylamide, t-butylaminoethyl methacrylate and two (or more) monomers consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or their simple esters, sold under the name AMPHOMER M 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
by National Starch      1        g                                        
Sodium polyvinylsulphonate                                                
                        0.7      g                                        
Surface-active agent of the formula:                                      
RCHOH--CH.sub.2 O[CH.sub.2 CHOHCH.sub.2 O].sub.n H                        
R = C.sub.9 -C.sub.12 alkyl                                               
n = 3.5, statistical value                                                
                        8        g                                        
MIRANOL C 2M            5        g                                        
Perfume                                                                   
Preservative                                                              
Dyestuff                                                                  
Sodium hydroxide q.s.p. pH = 6                                            
Water q.s.p.            100      g                                        
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     When using this composition as a shampoo, the results observed are similar to those observed in Example 11. 
     EXAMPLE 13 
     The following composition is prepared: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Sodium polyvinylsulphonate 0.5 g                                          
Gafquat 734 (quaternary polyvinylpyrrolidone co-                          
                           0.8 g of -polymer having a molecular weight of 
                           100,000, active                                
marketed by General Aniline)                                              
                           ingredient                                     
Ethyl alcohol q.s.p.       50° strength                            
Perfume and dyestuff q.s.                                                 
Water q.s.p.               100 cc                                         
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     This composition is used as a lotion for conditioning human hair. 
     EXAMPLE 14 
     The following composition is prepared: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Sodium polyvinylsulphonate                                                
                          0.4 g                                           
Celquat L 200             0.5 g                                           
Perfume, dyestuff and preservative q.s.                                   
Water q.s.p.              100 cc                                          
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     This composition is used as a hair-conditioning lotion. 
     EXAMPLE 15 
     A shampoo having the following composition is prepared: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Sodium and magnesium salt of sulphated oxyethyl-                          
                           24     g                                       
eneated lauryl alcohol, containing 30% of active                          
ingredient, sold under the name TEXAPON ASV by                            
HENKEL                                                                    
Trideceth-7 carboxylic acid of the formula:                               
                           5      g                                       
CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.11 CH.sub.2 (OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.6 OCH.sub.2  
COOH                                                                      
sold by SANDOZ under the name SANDOPAN                                    
DTC acid                                                                  
Epichlorohydrin/piperazine polycondensate having                          
                           1 g of                                         
a molecular weight of 1,500 to 2,000                                      
                           active                                         
(prepared according to example 1                                          
                           ingredient                                     
of French patent 2,162,025)                                               
Sodium polyvinylsulphonate 0.7 g of                                       
                           active                                         
                           ingredient                                     
Sodium chloride            4      g                                       
Water, dyestuff, perfume, preservative q.s.p.                             
                           100    g                                       
pH = 7 with hydrochloric acid.                                            
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     This composition imparts softness to the wet hair, and the dried hair is easy to comb out. 
     EXAMPLE 16 
     The shampoo having the following composition is prepared: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Surface-active agent of the formula:                                      
R--CHOHCH.sub.2 O[CH.sub.2 CHOHCH.sub.2 O].sub.n H                        
                        10        g                                       
R = C.sub.9 -C.sub.12 alkyl                                               
n = 3.5, statistical value                                                
Quaternary polymer containing vinylpyrrolidone                            
                          0.8 g of                                        
units and vinylimidazole units, sold under the                            
                          active                                          
name LUVIQUAT FC 905 by B.A.S.F                                           
                          ingredient                                      
Na polyvinylsulphonate    1.2 g of                                        
                          active                                          
                          ingredient                                      
Sodium chloride           4       g                                       
Water, perfume, preservative, dyestuff q.s.p.                             
                          100     g                                       
pH = 7.3 with sodium hydroxide.                                           
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     The results observed are similar to those of Example 15. 
     EXAMPLE 17 
     The shampoo having the following composition is prepared: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Glucoside alkyl ether     30      g                                       
containing 30% of active ingredient, sold under the                       
name TRITON CG 110 by SEPPIC                                              
Quaternised guar gum derivative sold under the                            
name JAGUAR C 13 S by MEYHALL                                             
                          0.35 g of                                       
                          active                                          
                          ingredient                                      
Na polyvinylsulphonate    0.7 g of                                        
                          active                                          
                          ingredient                                      
Sodium chloride           4       g                                       
Water, perfume, preservative, dyestuff q.s.p                              
                          100     g                                       
pH = 7.7 with sodium hydroxide.                                           
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     The wet hair washed with the shampoo is soft to the touch and the dried hair is easy to comb out and has a good hold. 
     EXAMPLE 18 
     The rinsing lotion having the following composition is prepared: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Cationic silicone polymer sold under the name                             
                           0.5 g of                                       
CATIONIC EMULSION DC 929 by Dow Corning                                   
                           active                                         
                           ingredient                                     
Na polyvinylsulphonate     0.9 g of                                       
                           active                                         
                           ingredient                                     
Na chloride                 4 g                                           
Water, perfume, preservative, dyestuff q.s.p                              
                           l00 g                                          
pH = 6.6 with sodium hydroxide.                                           
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     Clean human hair, rinsed with this lotion, is easy to comb out and has a good hold. 
     EXAMPLE 19 
     The following oxidation dyeing composition is prepared: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Triethanolamine lauryl-sulphate containing                                
                            2.5    g                                      
40% of active ingredient                                                  
2-Octyldodecanol marketed under the name                                  
                            7.5    g                                      
EUTANOL G by HENKEL                                                       
Oleic diethanolamide        7      g                                      
Oleyl/cetyl alcohol containing 30 mols of ethylene                        
                            3      g                                      
oxide, marketed under the name MERGITAL OC 30                             
by HENKEL                                                                 
Oleic acid                  20     g                                      
Polymer A, 100% of active ingredient                                      
                            2      g                                      
Benzyl alcohol              10     g                                      
96° strength ethyl alcohol                                         
                            11     g                                      
22° Be strength ammonia solution                                   
                            18     ml                                     
N,N--Bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine                           
                            1      g                                      
sulphate                                                                  
p-Aminophenol base          0.4    g                                      
Resorcinol                  0.15   g                                      
m-Aminophenol base          0.10   g                                      
Alpha-naphthol              0.40   g                                      
Hydroquinone                0.10   g                                      
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid                                           
                            0.24   g                                      
Sodium bisulphite solution (d = 1.32)                                     
                            1      ml                                     
Water q.s.p.                100    ml                                     
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     30 g of this carrier are mixed in a bowl with 30 g of hydrogen peroxide of 20 volumes strength, containing 0.7% of sodium polyvinylsulphonate. This gives a firm gel which is pleasant to apply and which adheres well to the hair. It is applied with the aid of a paintbrush. 
     After an interval of 30 to 40 minutes, the hair is rinsed. 
     The hair is easy to comb out. It has a silky feel. It is set and dried. The hair is shiny and lively and has body (volume); it has a silky feel and is easy to comb out. An ashen deep blond shade is obtained. 
     Examples 20 to 23 are reducing compositions used for perming or straightening human hair. 
     EXAMPLE 20 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Thioglycolic acid          6.0    g                                       
Thiolactic acid            3.0    g                                       
20% strength ammonia solution                                             
                           10.0   g                                       
Ammonium bicarbonate       6.0    g                                       
Trilon B*                  0.4    g                                       
Polymer A, 100% of active ingredient                                      
                           2.0    g                                       
Oleyl alcohol polyoxyethyleneated with/20 mols of                         
                           1.0    g                                       
ethylene oxide                                                            
Protein hydrolysate        0.5    g                                       
Perfume, dyestuff, opacifying agent qs,                                   
                           100    ml                                      
Deionised water q.s.p.                                                    
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     EXAMPLE 21 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Sodium bisulphite         4.0     g                                       
Ammonium sulphite         3.0     g                                       
Monoethanolamine          4.0     g                                       
Trilon B*                 0.3     g                                       
Polymer A, 100% of active ingredient                                      
                          1.0     g                                       
Nonylphenol polyoxyethyleneated with 9 mols of                            
                          1.0     g                                       
ethylene oxide                                                            
Perfume                   0.5     g                                       
Dyestuff, opacifying agent, q.s.                                          
                          100     ml                                      
deionised water q.s.p.                                                    
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     EXAMPLE 22 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Thioglycolic acid         7.0     g                                       
20% strength ammonia solution                                             
                          6.0     g                                       
Monoethanolamine          1.0     g                                       
Ammonium bicarbonate      3.0     g                                       
Masquol DTPA**            0.5     g                                       
Merquat 100 (100% of active ingredient)                                   
                          1.0     g                                       
Oleyl alcohol polyoxyethyleneated with 20 mols of                         
                          1.0     g                                       
ethylene oxide                                                            
Perfume                   0.5     g                                       
Dyestuff, opacifying agent q.s.                                           
                          100     ml                                      
Deionised water q.s.p.                                                    
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     EXAMPLE 23 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Thioglycolic acid         5.0     g                                       
Ammonium bicarbonate      5.0     g                                       
Masquol DTPA**            0.3     g                                       
Onamer M***               2.0     g                                       
Oleyl alcohol polyoxyethyleneated with 20 mols of                         
                          1.0     g                                       
ethylene oxide                                                            
Perfume                   0.5     g                                       
Dyestuff, opacifying agent q.s.                                           
                          100     ml                                      
Deionised water q.s.p.    100     ml                                      
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     Examples 24 and 25 are neutralising compositions used for perming or straightening the hair. 
     EXAMPLE 24 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Hydrogen peroxide q.s.p.   8 volumes                                      
                           strength                                       
Stabilisers                0.1 g                                          
Sodium polyvinylsulphonate 1.0 g                                          
Citric acid q.s.p.         pH = 3.0                                       
Perfume, peptising agent, opacifying agent,                               
dyestuff q.s.                                                             
Demineralised water q.s.p. 100 ml                                         
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     EXAMPLE 25 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Hydrogen peroxide q.s.p.   8 volumes                                      
                           strength                                       
Stabilisers                0.1 g                                          
Sodium polyvinylsulphonate 1.0 g                                          
Ammonium lauryl-sulphate   1.0 g                                          
Citric acid q.s.p.         pH = 3.0                                       
Perfume, peptising agent, opacifying agent,                               
dyestuff q.s.                                                             
Demineralised water q.s.p. 100 ml                                         
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     According to the invention, any one of the reducing compositions from Examples 20 to 23 is applied in a first stage and one of the neutralising compositions 24 or 25 is applied in a second stage, as in the conventional perming processes, after rinsing. A good hold of the perm thus obtained is observed. 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
*Trilon B  Sodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic                      
           acid.                                                          
**Masquol DTPA                                                            
           Sodium salt of diethylenetriaminepenta-                        
           acetic acid.                                                   
***Onamer M                                                               
           Poly-(dimethylbutenylammonium chloride)-                       
           α,ω-(triethanolammonium chloride) sold             
           by ONYX Chemical Co.                                           
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     Polymer A: Cationic polymer consisting of the following repeat units: ##STR21## and described in French Pat. No. 2,270,846 
     EXAMPLE 26 
     The following composition is prepared: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Sodium polyvinylsulphonate                                                
                          1       g                                       
Polymer sold under the name Cartaretine F8                                
                          1       g                                       
10° strength ethyl alcohol q.s.                                    
                          100     g                                       
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     EXAMPLE 27 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Sodium polyvinylsulphonate  0.5    g                                      
Polymer sold under the name Cartaretine F4 (adipic                        
                            0.5    g                                      
acid/dimethylaminohydroxypropyl-diethylenetriamine                        
copolymer)                                                                
Surface-active agent of the formula:                                      
RCHOH--CH.sub.2 O--[CH.sub.2 --CHOH--CH.sub.2 O]--.sub.n H                
R = C.sub.9 -C.sub.12 alkyl                                               
n is a statistical value equal to 3.5                                     
                            0.5    g                                      
50° strength ethyl alcohol q.s.                                    
                            100    g                                      
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     EXAMPLE 28 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Sodium polyvinylsulphonate 0.25   g                                       
Polymer sold under the name Cartaretine F4                                
                           0.5    g                                       
50° strength ethyl alcohol q.s.                                    
                           100    g                                       
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     The compositions of Examples 26 to 28 are used for the treatment of the nails. The nails coated with one of these compositions are shiny and hardened. 
     EXAMPLE 29 
     The following composition is prepared: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Arlacel 165: glycerine monostearate sold by                               
                          5       g                                       
Atlas Powder              2       g                                       
Triple pressed stearic acid                                               
Tween 60 - sorbitan monostearate oxyethylenated                           
                          1.5     g                                       
with 20 mols of ethylene oxide sold by Atlas                              
Cetyl alcohol             0.8     g                                       
Vaseline oil              20      g                                       
Tween 20 - sorbitan monolaurate oxyethylenated                            
                          2       g                                       
with 20 mols of ethylene oxide sold by Atlas                              
Glycerine                 7       g                                       
Sodium polyvinyl sulphonate                                               
                          0.8     g                                       
Polymer Jaguar C 13 S     1       g                                       
Preservative              qs                                              
Perfume                   qs                                              
Water                     qs                                              
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     This composition is used as a rinsing mask after application and allowing to remain. It gives a strengthening effect to the skin. 
     EXAMPLE 30 
     The following composition is prepared: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Stearic acid              7.0     g                                       
Lanolin                   0.5     g                                       
Arlacel 80 - sorbitan mono oleate sold by Atlas                           
                          0.5     g                                       
Tween 60                  2.5     g                                       
Sodium polyvinyl sulphonate                                               
                          0.3     g                                       
Cationic polymer: Jaguar C 153                                            
                          0.5     g                                       
Perfume qs                                                                
Water and Preservative qs 100 g                                           
 
    
     This composition is a milk having a strengthening effect on the skin. 
     EXAMPLE 31 
     The following composition is prepared: 
     
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Non-auto-emulsifiable glycerol mono- and                                  
                           1.2     g                                      
distearate                                                                
MYRJ 49 - polyethylene glycol stearate (20 ethylene                       
                           6.6     g                                      
oxide units) sold by Atlas                                                
Cetyl alcohol              4.2     g                                      
Mixture of cetostearyl alcohol and sodium alkyl-                          
                           4.0     g                                      
sulphate                                                                  
Vaseline oil               8.0     g                                      
Cyclic dimethylpolysiloxane                                               
Preservative qs                                                           
Perfume qs                                                                
Sodium polyvinyl sulphonate                                               
                           0.3     g                                      
JR 400                     0.5     g                                      
Water qsp                  100     g                                      
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     This composition is in the form of a cream. It is used for the treatment of greasy skin.