Patent Publication Number: US-10323404-B2

Title: Multi-faceted elongated connector

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This disclosure is a continuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/852,484 filed on Sep. 11, 2015 which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/084,915 filed on Nov. 20, 2013 which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/728,614 filed on Nov. 20, 2012, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This disclosure is related to a panelized structure useful for rapid deployment. In particular, the disclosure related to panelized structures with improved construction preventing water infiltration through joints between the panels. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure. Accordingly, such statements are not intended to constitute an admission of prior art. 
     Conditions are known wherein rapid deployment of temporary structures is desired. Natural disasters can destroy homes and residences. Refugees can rapidly become a concern under conditions of natural disaster or warfare. 
     Commercial situations can additionally benefit from rapid deployment of temporary structures. Sporting events can draw large crowds to a venue, where vendors, tailgaters, first aid stations, police, and other interests can require a structure in which to operate for a brief time associated with the event. Colleges can benefit from temporary structures around campus during new student orientations or other large events. Conventions or tradeshows can benefit from use of temporary structures. Designs used for temporary structures can be made of durable material, such as sheet metal, for use as outbuildings or utility structures for storage or other purposes. 
     Temporary structures can include a number of embodiments. One embodiment of a temporary structure includes a panelized structure. Panelized structures utilize a plurality of rigid panels that are joined to form a three-dimensional shape. Such a temporary structure can be shaped as a cube, but cubes lack structural strength and can be vulnerable to high winds or other stresses. Failure of a single joint can cause the structure to structurally fail. More complex geometric shapes can be used with increased structural strength. Complex polyhedrons include shapes that only fit together in a single configuration. Rigidity of the multiple panels and the inter-relation of the shapes increase the structural strength of the temporary structure. Any three dimensional structure can be described as a geometric structure, but for the purposes of the disclosure, a geometric structure will be defined as a complex polyhedron having more sides than a cube. One particular exemplary structure is described as a rhombic triacontahedral enclosure. 
     Rhombic triacontahedral structures are known in the art, wherein the structures enclose space by incorporating panels fastened at precise angles through the use of a plurality of connectors at panel edges. An exemplary rhombic triacontahedral enclosure includes a number of flat panels, with defined geometric properties including set angles between various geometric surfaces. Angles for many of the geometric surfaces are set at 144 degrees. Wherein a face to the object is defined such that a door can be placed upon the face of the object, such as is used for a rhombic triacontahedral structure, an angle of 126 degrees between the face and adjoining panels can be used to create a flat front to the face or an angle of 108 degrees can be used to form a face wherein sides of the face angle inwards. 
     In one embodiment of those structures, connectors with a singledihedral angle of 144 degrees between all panels forms a hemispheric enclosure in the shape of a partial rhombic triacontahedron. Other embodiments connect a portion of the said panels at 108 degrees and 126 degrees to create enclosures with alternative features. Known connectors feature channels at either side of the connector, each channel accepting a panel with a width fitted to the width of the channels. Panels connected by a connector with channel connections are connected only at panel edges. All panels fit into channels upon connectors such that al panel edges are substantially contained within connector channels. Such a configuration requires all panels to have edges of similar or substantially the same length to adjacent panels. Such a configuration includes a number of inherent weaknesses. Channel widths dictate panel thicknesses. Known connectors are configured to include uniform panel thicknesses. Additionally, because every panel must fit with a channel of an adjacent connector, the panels cannot overhang a lower panel. Further, as the panel must fit within a channel of an adjacent connector, rain falling upon a panel and running down the panel will necessarily contact the connector holding the edge of the panel. Water collecting within the channel can infiltrate the structure and/or degrade the edges of the panel. Further, replacing a panel wherein the panels are held on all sides by channels is difficult, requiring a substantial portion of the structure to be disassembled to repair the structure. 
     SUMMARY 
     A connector includes an elongated member. The elongated member includes a longitudinal axis of the elongated member and further includes a top side and a bottom side. The top side includes a first planar surface and a second planar surface joined at 144 degrees from each other, wherein each of the first planar surface and the second planar surfaces are parallel to the longitudinal axis. The bottom side includes a third planar surface parallel to the longitudinal axis and oriented at an angle with the first planar surface, the angle selected from one of 108 degrees and 126 degrees. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       One or more embodiments will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an exemplary rhombic triacontahedral enclosure with overhanging panel edges including serrated edges, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates an exemplary panel connector with flat bearing surfaces that can be used as a connector for three different angles in a panelized structure, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a top-down view of an exemplary enclosure with multiple angles forming two adjoining walls of the doorway, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a top-down view of an exemplary enclosure with two angles forming one wall of the doorway, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a top-down view of an exemplary enclosure with multiple angles forming three adjoining walls of the doorway, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates exemplary enclosure with overhanging panel edges including straight eave edges, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 7A  illustrates an exemplary enclosure with both overhanging panel edges and flush panel edges with each edge labeled and described in further detail in subsequent figures; 
         FIG. 7B  illustrates in detail the usage of a panel connector of  FIG. 7A , in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 7C  illustrates in further detail the usage of a panel connector of  FIG. 7A , in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 7D  illustrates in further detail the usage of a panel connector of  FIG. 7A , in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 7E  illustrates in further detail the usage of a panel connector of  FIG. 7A , in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 8A  illustrates a connector in cross-section, including two flat bearing surfaces, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 8B  illustrates a fastener illustrated in used to secure a panel to a single angle connector, in accordance with the present disclosure 
         FIG. 9  illustrates an alternative embodiment of a connector in cross-section, including flat bearing surfaces, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 10  illustrates a connector in cross-section, capable of connecting panels at multiple angles illustrating a solid core, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 11  illustrates an alternative embodiment of a connector in cross-section, illustrating a solid core, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 12  illustrates an alternative embodiment of a connector in cross-section, illustrating a solid core, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 13  illustrates a portion of an alternative embodiment of a connector, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 14  illustrates a portion of the connector of  FIG. 13 , in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 15  illustrates a connector in cross-section, constructed from folded metal, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 16  illustrates a sheet metal roof panel with straight edges, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 17  illustrates a sheet metal roof panel with modified or serrated edges, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 18  illustrates upper and lower roof panels, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 19A  illustrates an exemplary rhombic triacontahedral enclosure with flooring, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 19B  illustrates a detail view of an exemplary wall joining an exemplary floor in  FIG. 19A , in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 19C  illustrates an additional detail view of an exemplary wall joining an exemplary floor in  FIG. 19A , in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 20  illustrates a radially segmented floor of an exemplary rhombic triacontahedral enclosure, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 21  illustrates an exemplary rhombic triacontahedral enclosure constructed with panels including integrated connector features similar to the panels of  FIGS. 16 and 17 , in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 22  illustrates the enclosure of  FIG. 21  in cross-section, viewed in a horizontal plane along section A-A defined in  FIG. 21 , in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 23  illustrates a close view of a connection between two panels of  FIG. 22 , illustrating an integrated connector of a first panel connecting to a plain end of a second panel, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 24  illustrates the enclosure of  FIG. 21  is cross-section, viewing an interior of the enclosure, panels used to construct the enclosure, and connectors visible upon the interior, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 25  illustrates a first junction between two panels of  FIG. 24 , in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 26  illustrates a second junction between two panels of  FIG. 24 , in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 27  illustrates the enclosure of  FIG. 21 , including a door installed to a flat front segment of the enclosure, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 28  illustrates a junction between panels of the enclosure of  FIG. 27 , the junction represented in cross-section along a section B-B defined in  FIG. 27 , in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 29  illustrates a panel of the enclosure of  FIG. 21  from a side view, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 30  illustrates the panel of  FIG. 29  including a close view of an integrated connector, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 31  illustrates an exemplary panel with connecting features fastened thereto to provide a panel with integrated connecting features, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 32  illustrates an exemplary panel with a connecting feature with a single faceted feature, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 33  illustrates an additional an exemplary panel with a connecting feature with a single faceted feature, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 34  illustrates an alternative exemplary embodiment of a connector in cross-section useful to connect the panels of structures within this disclosure, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 35  illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a connector in accordance with the cross section of  FIG. 34 , in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 36  illustrates an additional alternative exemplary embodiment of a connector in cross-section useful to connect the panels of structures within this disclosure, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 37  illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a connector in accordance with the cross section of  FIG. 36 , in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 38  illustrates in perspective view an exemplary alternative use of four connectors similar to the illustrated connector of  FIG. 37 , with the connectors aligned to create a picture frame, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 39  illustrates the picture frame of  FIG. 38  in side view, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 40  illustrates an exemplary alternative use of four connectors similar to the illustrated connector of  FIG. 37 , with the connectors aligned to create a removable or freestanding structure roof, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 41  illustrates in top view an exemplary alternative use of four connectors similar to the illustrated connector of  FIG. 37 , with the connectors aligned to create a free-standing raised stage base, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 42  illustrates the raised stage base of  FIG. 41  in perspective view, in accordance with the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 43  illustrates the raised stage base of  FIG. 42 , with a magnified view of a corner of the raised stage based to show details of the connections of the panels to a connector, in accordance with the present disclosure; and 
         FIGS. 44-73  illustrate additional embodiments of connectors useful in accordance with the embodiments disclosed herein, in accordance with the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Panelized structures are useful for providing rapidly deployed housing in emergency situations. Panelized structures can provide inexpensive storage solutions as outbuildings. However a panelized structure is utilized, a primary function of a structure is to provide shelter from adverse weather such as rain. A structure fails to adequately protect people and objects within the structure if rain can penetrate or infiltrate past joints between panels and adjacent connectors. A classification or type of connectors is disclosed that enables alternative panel and joint configurations as compared to end to end connectors that hold panel edges. A connector as disclosed herein presents a flat bearing surface to one or both panels being joined by the connector. This flat bearing surface is situated against a flat surface of the adjacent panel, and a fastener or other affixing device or material is applied to affix the panel to the connector. These connectors permit a higher panel to overhang a lower panel, such that rain can drip off of the upper panel onto a central portion of a lower panel, thereby preventing the rain from intruding within the structure at the joint. 
     As rain falls upon an upper roofing panel of a panelized structure, the water runs down the panel and off the edge, avoiding any contact with the connector holding the panel, the edge of the panel itself, and the edge of an adjacent panel. Instead of two adjacent panels being butted up against each other inside of a connector, if one panel is allowed to hang over the other, any water flow is allowed to run off the edge instead of collecting. This shape is not unlike the overhang of the eves of a roof over a wall of a structure. This disclosed structure configuration prevents water from infiltrating the structure and/or degrading the edges of the panel. Further, this disclosure facilitates the rapid assembly and or disassembly of a panelized structure, allowing the easy replacement of a single panel by removal of a limited number of fasteners, as compared to the labor intensive process to disassemble multiple panels of a structure where the panels are held on all sides by channels. 
     In one embodiment, an overhanging roof edge can be a straight, smooth edge. In an alternative embodiment, the edge of a panel creating a overhanging roof can include a serrated edge. Such a serrated shape including a series of angled point shapes on a tilted roof panel creates a series of local low points, where water will tend to drip from the angled points. Whereas water running off a panel with a straight edge overhang can tend to wick along the straight edge and collect at a corner of the panel, water running off a panel with serrated edge tends to drip from various the various angled points along the edge. 
     According to one embodiment, a unique connector configuration can be used to accomplish every panel to panel angle throughout a structure. Any of these connectors can be produced in quantity at a particular length and included with a kit to build a panelized structure. According to another embodiment, a single connector can be utilized including multiple angles required for different panel to panel connections in the structure. In one embodiment, a single connector can include all of the angles required to build the desired structure. 
     Known connectors utilizing channels to connect panels in a panel edge to panel edge configuration can require a particular thickness of panel to securely hold the panels in place. By using a connector including a flat bearing surface as disclosed herein to secure to one side of a panel, the thickness of the panel is not limited by the thickness of a channel on the connector. 
     Referring now to the drawings, wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating certain exemplary embodiments only and not for the purpose of limiting the same,  FIG. 1  illustrates an exemplary rhombic triacontahedral enclosure  10  comprised of the upper roof panels  12 , lower roof panels  14 , and the wall panels  16  and  17 . Since the wall panels are vertical, an overall height of the structure can be modulated by lengthening the wall panels. A symmetrical structure could include five upper roof panels, and five side unit assemblies, each including a lower panel  14  and two wall panels  16 . Such a side unit assembly is characterized by all angles between the panels being 144 degrees. However, one or more of the side unit assemblies can be replaced by a wall panel or wall panels configured to present a door opening. In such an embodiment, an enclosure can have more than one door opening, a pair of wall panels and a lower panel replaced by a flat face wall, or a number of different configurations differing from the typical partial rhombic triacontahedron enclosure shape. In the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 1 , wall panels  17 , short lower roof panel  11 , and door frame panels  13  are provided to present a door opening in enclosure  10 . 
     The various panels of enclosure  10  are joined to respective adjacent panels by panel connector  22 . Connector  22  is configured with a plurality of angles built into the connector such that all of the necessary angle connections can be made throughout enclosure  10  with a single design of connector. Connector  22  includes connecting features permitting an upper panel to overhang a lower panel. 
     Overhanging panels aid in managing water flow over the lower vertical panels. Upper roof panels  12  create an overhanging edge  15  over lower roof panels  14 . Similarly, lower roof panels  14  form overhanging panel edges  18  over wall panels  16 . In the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 1  each of overhanging edge  15  and overhanging edge  18  include serrated edges  19 . 
     Water flow can be further aided by creating complex shapes on the edges of the panels. Straight edges on the panels can cause water to wick or pool for a period along the edge of a panel. Complex shapes such as the serrated edges  19  of the panels cause water to quickly gather to the tip a serration and drip off of the structure more quickly than if there were merely straight edges on the panels. Such a drainage pattern distributed around the perimeter of enclosure  10  instead of being concentrated at particular points can be useful to preventing pools of water forming on the ground next to and under the enclosure. 
     Panels used in a structure or enclosure can be made of a number of different materials. In one embodiment, panels can be made of a wood product. Plywood is useful in constructing panels as it is cheap and is moderately resistant to water intrusion. Other wood products can be used. Cheaper wood products such as particle board can be used, although the inherent weakness of such a material to water damage would make a water-proof coating upon such a wood product necessary and cost prohibitive. Plywood or other wood products can be painted or otherwise treated to both increase durability and aesthetic value according to processes known in the art. Non-wood products can also be used to make panels. A panel can be constructed of plastic, PVC, or vinyl, while in another it is made from blown foam. Selection of such a material can be made according to durability of the material to environmental factors such as direct sunlight and temperature extremes and to an ability of the material to maintain a desired shape over time. In another embodiment, panels can be constructed from sheet metal or fiberglass and resin. 
     Panels and especially roof panels can be coated, treated, or covered with materials to keep water from penetrating into the panel. For example, roof shingles known in the art can be affixed to roof panels. Instead of using a plurality of overlapping rectangular shingle sheets, a similarly constructed single shingle sheet could be tacked, adhered, or otherwise affixed to an outer surface of a panel. 
     A panel connector can be made of a number of different materials, including plastic or polymer materials. Panel connectors can be made from fiberglass or metal or metallic alloys. They can be either extruded, stamped, injection molded, or machined from a solid piece of metal. In one embodiment, after sheet metal is cut to size and stamped, it is then folded to form the connector. Panels made of sheet metal can include features of a connector created unitarily with the panel. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates an exemplary connector with flat bearing surfaces that can be used as a connector for three different angles in a panelized structure. Configuration  200  includes connector  210  with flat bearing surfaces  220 ,  221 ,  222 A,  222 B,  224 A,  224 B,  226 , and  228 . Throughout an exemplary rhombic triacontahedral enclosure, a majority of the connectors need to be at 144 degrees. Surfaces  220  and  221  form a 144 degree angle. A panel can be connected to each of surfaces  220  and  221  to create the desired 144 degree connection. Holes can be drilled or formed in locations along the length of the connector to make exemplary fastener connections between the connector and adjacent panels. 
     Connector  210  can be modified to further act as a connector for a 108 degree angle connection. Connector  210  can be cut along the connector at point  230  and either point  231  or point  232  to form a 108 degree angle connector wherein either surface  222 A or surface  222 B are used to connect to one panel and surface  220  is used to connect to a second panel. Without cutting the connector, surfaces  220  and  222 A can be utilized to make the 108 degree connection. Similarly, connector  210  can be modified to further act as a connector for a 126 degree angle connection. Connector  210  can be cut along the connector at point  230  and point  232  to form a 126 degree angle connector wherein either surface  224 A or surface  224 B are used to connect to one panel and surface  220  is used to connect to a second panel. Without cutting the connector, surfaces  220  and  224 A can be utilized to make the 126 degree connection. It will be noted that the angles formed on the connector are specific to a rhombic triacontahedral enclosure. A similar connector can be configured for a different geometric panelized structure, such that various angles required to build the structure are included on the connector, and may differ from those angles disclosed here. Points  230 ,  231 , and  232  are exemplary points where the connector could be cut to produce the 108 and 126 degree angle connectors. A number of points where the connector can be cut to make the desired connections are possible on connector  210 , and the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the particular examples provided. In one embodiment, a 162-degree connector can be useful for construction, and surfaces  226  and  228  and can be used to join two panels together at 162 degrees. Connector  210  is versatile and can connect walls at several differing angles. Connector  210  can be metallic, an extruded plastic or polymer piece configured to run a length of adjacent panels. Connector  210  can be formed according to a number of exemplary manufacturing processes known in the art and as disclosed herein. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a top-down, sectional view of an exemplary enclosure  30  with adjoining walls joined at multiple angles by connectors  105 . Vertical wall  16  joins an adjoining vertical wall  16  at an angle of 144 degrees. Vertical wall  16  joins vertical wall  112  by means of a different side of connector  105 , forming an angle of 108 degrees. One or both of vertical walls  112  can include a cutout for a doorway. On the other side of vertical wall  112  is an adjoining vertical wall  112 , joined at an angle of 144 degrees. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a top-down, sectional view of an exemplary enclosure  40  with adjoining walls joined at multiple angles by connector  105 . Vertical wall  16  joins an adjoining vertical wall  16  at an angle of 144 degrees. Vertical wall  16  joins vertical wall  154  by means of a different side of connector  105 , forming an angle of 126 degrees. Vertical wall  154  can include a cutout for a doorway. On the other side of vertical wall  154  is an adjoining vertical wall  16 , joined at an angle of 126 degrees. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a top-down, sectional view of an exemplary enclosure  50  with adjoining walls joined at multiple angles by connector  105 . Vertical wall  16  joins an adjoining vertical wall  16  at an angle of 144 degrees. Vertical wall  16  joins vertical wall  254  by means of a different side of connector  105 , forming an angle of 108 degrees. On the other side of vertical wall  254  is an adjoining vertical wall  116 , joined at an angle of 162 degrees. Vertical wall  116  can include a cutout for a doorway. Adjoining this vertical wall  116  is a second vertical wall  254  at an angle of 162 degrees. The other side of vertical wall  254  is joined at an angle of 108 degrees by connector  105  to vertical wall  16 , forming the rest of the doorway. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates exemplary rhombic triacontahedral enclosure  20  comprised of the upper roof panels  62 , lower roof panels  64 , and the wall panels  66  and  67 . The upper roof panels  62 , the lower roof panels  64 , and the panels  66  and the panels  67  are joined to adjacent panels by one or more panel connector designs. As disclosed herein, each required angle can have a dedicated, unique connector, or a single connector can include features enabling connection of panels at a number of different angles. Upper roof panels  62  and lower roof panels  64  can form an overhang edge  68  including straight eave edge  68 . 
       FIG. 7A  illustrates an exemplary rhombic triacontahedral enclosure  70  including roof panels  312 ,  314 , and  319  and wall panels  316  and  317 . A number of exemplary joint configurations are illustrated. Joints labeled “A” include a 144 degree connection with no overhang. Joints labeled “B” include a 144 degree connection with an overhang. Joints labeled “C” include a 108 degree connection with no overhang. Joints labeled “D” include a 144 degree connection with an overhang and a 108 degree connection with no overhang. 
       FIG. 7B  illustrates in detail joints labeled “A” in  FIG. 7A . Connector  210  connects panel  341  and panel  342 . Panels  341  and  342  can include upper roof panels  312  or wall panels  316 .  FIG. 7C  illustrates in detail joints labeled “B” in  FIG. 7A . Connector  210  connects panel  343  and panel  343 . Panels  341  and  342  can include upper roof panels  312  overhanging lower roof panel  314  or lower roof panel  314  overhanging wall panel  316 .  FIG. 7D  illustrates in detail joints labeled “C” in  FIG. 7A . Connector  210  connects panel  345  and panel  346 . Panels  345  and  346  can include wall panel  316  connecting to wall panel  317 .  FIG. 7E  illustrates in detail joints labeled “D” in  FIG. 7A . Connector  210  connects panel  348  to both panels  347  and  349 . Panels  348  and  347  can include upper roof panels  312  overhanging roof panel  319 , and panel  349  can include wall panel  317  attaching to roof panel  312 . The exemplary connections of  FIGS. 7A-7E  are exemplary for the particular illustrated enclosure, and it will be appreciated that a different shape of enclosure with particular angles thereto could be similarly illustrated and configured. 
       FIG. 8A  illustrates an exemplary alternative embodiment of a connector in cross-section, utilizing three flat bearing surfaces to join three panels together. Configuration  80  includes connector  310  with flat bearing surfaces  312 ,  314  and  316 ,  317 ,  318  and  320 . Panel  326  is connected to bearing surface  316 , and panel  324  is attached to bearing surface  314 . A third panel  322  can be connected to bearing surface  312 . While these three panels are represented, other angles can be obtained from surfaces  317 ,  318 , and  320  located on panel connector  310 . 
       FIG. 8B  illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a connector in cross section joining two adjacent panels. Connector  330  is provided as a connector providing a unique angle, in this example, a 144 degree connection. Panel  331  is connected to flat bearing surface  334  of connector  330 , and panel  332  is connected to flat bearing surface  333  of connector  330 . An exemplary fastener  335  is provided connecting panel  332  to connector  330 . Nut  336  and washers  337  are illustrated with fastener  335  to provide a threaded bolt and nut fastener connection known in the art. Holes or slots on both panel  332  and connector  330  can be provided with dimensions permitting minor adjustments or permitting assembly of the panels even when the panels are not perfectly aligned. 
     In one embodiment, instead of using nuts and bolts to fasten panels to the panel connectors, the panels are glued or otherwise adhered to each other. In one embodiment, pop-rivet fasteners are utilized to fasten the panels to the panel connectors. In one embodiment, portions of the panel connectors have threaded holes that accept machine screws. 
     In one embodiment, the panels have studs, or protrusions that are accepted into mating receptacles, located on the panel connectors. In another embodiment, a magnetic force is utilized to adhere panels to the panel connectors, or by any other connection method known in the art. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a connector in cross-section, utilizing three flat bearing surfaces to join three panels together. Configuration  90  includes connector  360  with flat bearing surfaces  362 ,  364  and  366 ,  367 ,  368  and  370 . Panel  376  is attached to bearing surface  366 , and panel  274  is attached to bearing surfaces  364 . Panels  374  and  376  form an angle of 108 degrees. Panel  372  is attached to bearing surface  362 . Panels  372  and  376  form an angle of 144 degrees. While these three panels are represented, other angles can be achieved by attaching panels to surfaces  367 ,  368 , and  370  located on connector  360 . Based upon different designs of the enclosure or structure being built, different angles can be configured upon the connector. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates in cross-section panel connector  100 . Connector  100  is similar to connector  90  of  FIG. 9  with the exception that a center of panel connector  100 , core  468 , is solid. In an alternative embodiment, core  468  a core of the connector can be mostly solid with hollowed out reliefs formed into the core. 
     Connectors are disclosed herein that can be affixed to flat bearing surfaces with a threaded fastener, a snap-fit fastener, an adhesive or caulking agent, or by any other connection method known in the art. In one embodiment, a group of panels forming a roof can be set upon a group of panels forming a base, and the roof can be held upon the base by the weight of the roof. In one embodiment, this base can include additional panels overhanging lower panels to prevent water from intruding through lower joints between panels. In some embodiments, a pin, rivet, or post can be affixed to a panel prior to assembly of the structure in order to guide assembly to or fasten to an adjoining connector. 
       FIG. 11  illustrates in cross-section an additional embodiment of a connector with a solid core. A center of panel connector  110 , core  518 , is solid. 
       FIG. 12  illustrates in cross-section another embodiment of a connector with a solid core. A center of panel connector  120 , core  568 , is solid. 
       FIG. 13  illustrates an exemplary connector with a cross-section similar to the connector in  FIG. 8A , with additional features illustrated relating to a snap fit connector configuration and access holes configured to enable providing electrical wiring through the connector. Connector  130  is illustrated with attachment slots  602  and access slot  604 . Attachment slots  602  are repeated periodically down a length of each side of connector  130 . Features upon a connector as disclosed herein for receiving a fastener can take any of a number of embodiments known in the art. In the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 13 , slots  602  are “V” shaped to encourage easy installation. Further, each slot  602  can include a detent or narrow section to facilitate a stud or other post located on a panel snapping into place within slot  602  and remaining affixed to the slot. Connector  130  is hollow, and wiring  605  can be threaded through the hollow portion to provide a conduit to protect the wiring as it is routed through the enclosure. Access slot  604  illustrates an exemplary method to provide access for wiring  605  into the hollow center of connector  130 . 
     In one embodiment, raised protrusions are distributed on the surface on panel connector  130 , designed to protrude through receiving holes in panels. In one embodiment, panel connector  130  is made from a casting or 3-D printing, and the protrusions are of a metallic or similar material so that after protruding through holes in the panels, a hammer or similar tool can flatten a head onto them to secure them. 
     In an alternative embodiment, the above-mentioned protrusion has a sharpened point and punctures a hole through a panel when force is applied, eliminating the need to drill on site or pre-drill holes. After being driven through, the sharpened points are flattened into a rivet-type head to secure the panel in place. 
       FIG. 14  illustrates a portion of a connector  130 . Attachment slot  602  is “V” shaped; wide at its opening and narrowing near its end. This narrowing channel acts as an assembly aid, allowing for imperfect fits to still align and facilitates rapid assembly. At the terminal end of attachment slot  602  is receiving hole  662 . In one embodiment, receiving hole  662  is instead an elongated slot, centered where receiving slot  662  is presently located but elongated to either side. This has the advantage to being more forgiving of minor assembly errors. 
       FIG. 15  illustrates in cross-section an exemplary connector constructed from folded metal. Connector  150  can be created from an initially straight strip of metal, and the strip can be mechanically bent in an automated bending machine known in the art. Connector  150  includes folded sections  558  and  568  providing structural support. Connector  150  includes flat bearing surfaces  572 ,  574 ,  576 , and  578 . Surfaces  574  and  576  form a 144 degree angle while surfaces  578  and  572  form other angles. In one embodiment, angles other than 144 degrees for surfaces  574  and  576  are employed. 
     Feature  560  refers to the ends of surface  574  and surface  576  being folded over for additional rigidity and strength. Holes for attachment of a fastener to an adjacent panel can be placed upon any of the bearing surfaces of the connector. 
       FIG. 16  illustrates an exemplary panel constructed of sheet metal. Panel  160  is illustrated with straight edges  762 . The corners of straight edge  762  can be notched to allow for ease of assembly. Attachment edge  768  provides connecting features, embodied by exemplary mounting slot  764 , to attach roof panel  160  to an adjacent panel or connector. The connecting features are configured to permit panel  160  to overhang a lower panel. Several mounting slots  764  can be configured to each attachment edge  768 . Attachment edges  768  can be located to every edge of panel  160 . Attachment edges can be similar to all panels. In another embodiment, one can have a simple straight surface on one panel, and a connector configured on the mating panel. 
       FIG. 17  illustrates another exemplary panel constructed of sheet metal. Panel  170  including attachment edges  812  is similar to panel  160  of  FIG. 16  except that panel  170  includes modified edges  872  including serrated edges configured to manage runoff according to embodiments of the disclosure. Edges of panel  160  or panel  170  can be rounded, crimped, or otherwise processed to remove sharp edges from the panels. The panels of  FIGS. 16 and 17  can be constructed of any of a number of metal sheet materials. In another embodiment, panels can be constructed with attachment edges identical or similar to the edges of panels  160  and  170  with plastics or other polymer materials. Any number of materials can be used to make panels as disclosed herein, and the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the particular examples provided herein. 
       FIG. 18  illustrates an exemplary embodiment of upper roof panel  180  and lower roof panel  182 . Upper roof panel  180  and lower roof panel  182  have similar dimensions, except that lower roof panel  182  has optional corners  888  chamfered as an aid in assembly. Corners of the lower roof panel, if the panel is slightly misaligned, can make alignment and assembly of the upper roof panel to the enclosure difficult. Corners  888 , removing the corner of the panel, eases alignment and assembly of the panels. 
       FIG. 19A  illustrates an exemplary rhombic triacontahedral enclosure  190  comprised of roof panels and wall panels  916 . A plurality of exemplary triangular floor panels  924  are illustrated. In one embodiment, floor panels  924  rest upon the ground surface  911 , and wall panels  916  rest upon the floor surface created by panels  924 . In another embodiment, wall panels  916  rest upon ground surface  911 , and floor panels  924  are configured to fit within enclosure  190 . Floor panels can be constructed of a number of materials, including wood panels, polymer materials, metal grating, or other similar materials. 
       FIG. 19B  illustrates a detailed view of an exemplary joint between wall panel  916  and floor panel  924 . Step  928  is illustrated on the bottom of floor panel  924 . Wall panel  916  rests upon step  928 , such that any minor ground water only comes into contact with floor panels  924 , and both wall panel  916  and an interior of the enclosure can be resistant to intrusion by the water. 
       FIG. 19C  illustrates an additional detailed view of the joint between wall panel  916  and floor panel  924  of  FIG. 19B . Step  928  is illustrated on the bottom of floor panel  924 , and wall panel  916  include an optional notch  929  cut to fit upon step  928 . 
       FIG. 20  illustrates a radially segmented floor of an exemplary rhombic triacontahedral enclosure. Several floor panels  952   a  and  952   b  assemble to create the floor. According to the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 20 , the floor panels can be cut from a single rectangular sheet of plywood, a diagonal cut of the rectangular piece creating two right angle triangle sections forming floor panels  952   a  and  952   b , saving manufacturing costs and storage space as compared to forming unique floor panels. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 16 and 17 , panels can be created including an attachment edge providing connecting features. Such an attachment edge can be created unitarily with the panel. In one instance, the panels can be constructed with sheet metal, and the multiple facets of the connecting features can be created by controlled, sequenced bending of the sheet metal. In another embodiment, the panel can be constructed with a process such as injection molding. The various facets of the connecting features can be molded into the part. In another embodiment, an injection molded panel can include a blank or unfinished rounded section, and the various facet surfaces of the connecting features can be machined out of the blank material. In another embodiment, a flat panel can be created, and an extruded or injection molded attachment edge including connecting features can be fastened or adhered to an edge of the previously flat panel. Within the present disclosure, a panel with integrated connecting features, a panel made available to the consumer with features inherent thereto, is intended to include both a unitarily formed panel, with the connecting features and the panel formed of a single piece of material, and a flat panel with connecting features fastened or adhered thereto prior to being delivered to the consumer. 
       FIG. 21  illustrates an exemplary rhombic triacontahedral enclosure constructed with panels including integrated connector features similar to the panels of  FIGS. 16 and 17 . Enclosure  1000  includes upper roof panels  1002 , lower roof panels  1004 , vertically oriented side panels  1010 , a triangular upper section  1008  (which in one embodiment can be essentially a top half of a panel  1004 ,) and a front segment comprising a rectangular opening  1007 . Any of the illustrated panels can include one or more attachment edges with connecting features formed thereupon. A matching edge of an adjacent panel provides a plain edge or plain end of the panel for connection to the connecting features. Opening  1007  can be configured to receive any of a number of door or covering features. 
       FIG. 22  illustrates the enclosure of  FIG. 21  in cross-section, viewed in a horizontal plane along section A-A defined in  FIG. 21 . Enclosure  1000  is illustrated including a plurality of vertically oriented side panels  1010 . Opening  1007  of  FIG. 21  is illustrated with a flat panel  1006  installed thereto. Junction  1012  includes connecting features upon one of a panel  1010  and panel  1006  connecting to a plain end of the matching panel. 
       FIG. 23  illustrates a close view of a connection between two panels of  FIG. 22 , illustrating an integrated connector of a first panel connecting to a plain end of a second panel. Junction  1012  is illustrated, including panel  1010  including an integrated connecting feature  1020  connecting to a plain end of panel  1006 . Integrated connecting feature  1020  includes faceted features  1030  including a plurality of planar surfaces each configured to be at certain angles from the flat panel surface of panel  1010 . One of the faceted features  1030  is illustrated connecting to panel  1006  at an angle of 126 degrees. End  1022  of panel  1010  is illustrated ending at one of the faceted features  1030 . In some embodiments of integrated connecting features, for example, when the panel with the connecting features is configured to be located above the second panel, end  1022  can extend past the faceted features  1030  to create an overhang feature. In other embodiment, as is illustrated in  FIG. 23 , the overhand feature can be omitted. 
       FIG. 24  illustrates the enclosure of  FIG. 21  is cross-section, viewing an interior of the enclosure, panels used to construct the enclosure, and connectors visible upon the interior. Enclosure  1000  is illustrated including a plurality of panels, each joined with integrated connecting features  1020 . Junction  1040  is illustrated joining a first panel and a second panel, and junction  1050  is illustrated joining the second panel and third panel. 
       FIG. 25  illustrates a first junction between two panels of  FIG. 24 . Junction  1050  is illustrated. Panel  1002  is illustrated connected to panel  1004  with integrated connecting features  1020  of panel  1002  connecting to a plain end of panel  1004 . Connecting features  1020  include a plurality of faceted features  1030 , with one faceted feature illustrated at 108 degrees from the flat surface of panel  1002 , a second faceted feature illustrated at 126 degrees from the flat surface of panel  1002 , and a third faceted feature illustrated at 144 degrees from the flat surface of panel  1002 . Panel  1002  additionally includes overhang feature  1055  configured to prevent rain from or other moisture from intruding through junction  1050 . Overhang feature  1055  can be flat or serrated according to the disclosure. 
     It will be appreciated that the faceted features  1030  are selected to enable panel connections at the three angles required to construct enclosure  1000 . With the faceted features present upon the roof panels of the disclosed enclosure and upon side surfaces of the vertically oriented side panels, any of the three angular connections at 108, 126, and 144 degrees necessary to make the illustrated partial rhombic triacontahedron enclosure  1000  of  FIG. 21  can be made with a single configuration of connecting features. Such a singular configuration enables simplified manufacturing and construction of the panels. If any of the faceted features were omitted from the connector, a second connector configuration would need to be introduced to construct the illustrated enclosure. 
       FIG. 26  illustrates a second junction between two panels of  FIG. 24 . Junction  1040  is illustrated. Panel  1004  is illustrated connected to panel  1010  with integrated connecting features  1020  of panel  1004  connecting to a plain end of panel  1010 . Connecting features  1020  include a plurality of faceted features  1030 , with one faceted feature illustrated at 108 degrees from the flat surface of panel  1004 , a second faceted feature illustrated at 126 degrees from the flat surface of panel  1004 , and a third faceted feature illustrated at 144 degrees from the flat surface of panel  1004 . Panel  1004  additionally includes overhang feature  1045  configured to prevent rain from or other moisture from intruding through junction  1040 . Overhang feature  1045  can be flat or include serrated features  1047  according to the disclosure. 
       FIG. 27  illustrates the enclosure of  FIG. 21 , including a door installed to a flat front segment of the enclosure. Enclosure  1000  is illustrated including a door feature  1009  installed to a flat surface of the enclosure. Panels  1011  are located on either side of door feature  1009 , and panels  1011  and door feature  1009  together form a flat front to the enclosure. Additionally, junction  1060  is illustrated between an upper roof panel and a triangular panel of the flat surface of the enclosure. 
       FIG. 28  illustrates a junction between panels of the enclosure of  FIG. 27 , the junction represented in cross-section along a section B-B defined in  FIG. 27 . Junction  1060  is illustrated including upper roof panel  1002  including integrated connecting features  1020 . Panel  1008  is connected to panel  1002  at an angle of 144 degrees. Panel  1011  is connected to panel  1002  at an angle of 108 degrees. 
       FIG. 29  illustrates a panel of the enclosure of  FIG. 21  from a side view. Panel  1004  is illustrated from a side view. A close up view  1070  is defined in  FIG. 29 .  FIG. 30  illustrates the panel of  FIG. 29  including the close view of an integrated connector. View  1070  including integrated connector  1020  is illustrated. Connecting features  1020  include a plurality of faceted features, with one faceted feature illustrated at 108 degrees from the flat surface of panel  1004 , a second faceted feature illustrated at 126 degrees from the flat surface of panel  1004 , and a third faceted feature illustrated at 144 degrees from the flat surface of panel  1004 . 
       FIG. 31  illustrates an exemplary panel with connecting features fastened thereto to provide a panel with integrated connecting features. Panel with integrated connecting features  1100  is illustrated including panel  1110 , separable connecting features  1120 , and fastener  1130 . Fastener details  1132  are formed in panel  1110  and features  1120  to permit fastener  1130  to affix features  1120  to panel  1110 . Second panel  1105  including plain end  1107  is illustrated ready to be adjoined to connecting features  1120 . In alternative or addition to using fastener  1130 , the panel and connecting features can be glued, welded, or otherwise affixed to each other. 
     The various embodiments disclosed herein some examples of panels with integrated connection features with multiple faceted features enabling one to make any of various connections for a particular type of enclosure with one connecting feature configuration. In some embodiments, panels can be created with a connecting feature with a single faceted feature.  FIG. 32  illustrates an exemplary panel with a connecting feature with a single faceted feature. Panel with integrated connecting feature  1200  is illustrated including panel  1210  and connecting feature  1220  including faceted feature  1230 . A second panel  1205  including plain end  1207  is illustrated adjoined to faceted feature  1230 . It will be appreciated that different panels, each with angles of 108, 126, and 144 degree faceted features, respectively, would be required to use single faceted feature panels to create a rhombic triacontahedral structure according to the disclosure. 
       FIG. 33  illustrates an additional an exemplary panel with a connecting feature with a single faceted feature. Panel with integrated connecting feature  1300  is illustrated including panel  1310  and connecting feature  1320  including faceted feature  1330 . A second panel  1305  including plain end  1307  is illustrated adjoined to faceted feature  1330 . 
     Panel  1300  includes an overhanging portion  1312  comprising an extension of a flat face of the first panel past the faceted features on a same plane with the flat face of panel  1310 . Overhanging portion  1312  and faceted feature  1330  together form an assembly aid pocket  1340 . As the structure is being built, and panel  1305  is fixed in place, panel  1300  can subsequently be set upon panel  1305 , and held in a stable condition while fasteners are used to affix the panels in the desired configuration. 
     While assembly aid pocket  1340  is illustrated upon a panel with only a single faceted feature, it will be appreciated that such an assembly aid pocket exists upon the exemplary panel of  FIGS. 25 and 26 , which can be utilized similarly. 
       FIG. 34  illustrates an alternative exemplary embodiment of a connector in cross-section useful to connect the panels of structures within this disclosure. Connector  1400  is illustrated including a top side of the connector including planar surfaces  1410  and  1410 ′ forming a 144 degree angle with each other and a bottom side including six planar surfaces. The six planar surfaces include planar surfaces  1420  and  1420 ′ parallel to planar surfaces  1410  and  1410 ′ respectively. Planar surface  1430  forms a 108 degree angle with surface  1410 . Planar surface  1440  forms a 126 degree angle with surface  1410 . Connector  1400  can be symmetrical from right to left about axis  1402 . In the embodiment of  FIG. 34 , planar surface  1430 ′ is symmetrical to surface  1430  and planar surface  1440 ′ is symmetrical to surface  1440 . Planar surfaces  1430 ,  1440 ,  1430 ′, and  1440 ′, along with inner portions of surfaces  1410  and  1410 ′ proximate to the 144 degree angle, form a center of the connector. Surface  1420  and an outer portion of surface  1410  form a flange  1404  extending radially outwardly from the center of the connector. Similarly, surface  1420 ′ and an outer portion of surface  1410 ′ form a second flange  1404 ′ extending radially outwardly from the center of the connector. 
       FIG. 35  illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a connector in accordance with the cross section of  FIG. 34 . Connector  1400  is illustrated in perspective view including surfaces  1430 ,  1440 ,  1430 ′, and  1440 ′ and flanges  1404  and  1404 ′. The connector can have any number of geometries on an end of the connector, including a flat end, a curved end, a 45 degree angle end, or any other similar end. Exemplary connector  1400  includes pointed end  1450 , with approximately 45 degree angled surfaces extending from flanges  1404  and  1404 ′ toward the pointed end  1450 . 
       FIG. 36  illustrates an additional alternative exemplary embodiment of a connector in cross-section useful to connect the panels of structures within this disclosure. Connector  1500  is illustrated including a top side of the connector including planar surfaces  1510  and  1510 ′ forming a 144 degree angle with each other and a bottom side including six planar surfaces. The six planar surfaces include planar surfaces  1520  and  1520 ′ parallel to planar surfaces  1510  and  1510 ′ respectively. Planar surface  1530  forms a 108 degree angle with surface  1510 . Planar surface  1540 ′ forms a 126 degree angle with surface  1510 . Connector  1500  can be symmetrical from right to left about axis  1502 . In the embodiment of  FIG. 34 , planar surface  1530 ′ is symmetrical to surface  1530  and planar surface  1540 ′ is symmetrical to surface  1540 . Planar surfaces  1530 ,  1540 ,  1530 ′, and  1540 ′, along with inner portions of surfaces  1510  and  1510 ′ proximate to the 144 degree angle, form a center of the connector. Surface  1520  and an outer portion of surface  1510  form a flange  1504  extending radially outwardly from the center of the connector. Similarly, surface  1520 ′ and an outer portion of surface  1510 ′ form a second flange  1504 ′ extending radially outwardly from the center of the connector. 
       FIG. 37  illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a connector in accordance with the cross section of  FIG. 36 . Connector  1500  is illustrated in perspective view including surfaces  1530 ,  1540 ,  1530 ′, and  1540 ′ and flanges  1504  and  1504 ′. The connector can have any number of geometries on an end of the connector, including a flat end, a curved end, a 45 degree angle end, or any other similar end. Exemplary connector  1500  includes pointed end  1550 , with approximately 45 degree angled surfaces extending from flanges  1504  and  1504 ′ toward the pointed end  1550 . 
     Connectors of the present disclosure and in particular including  FIGS. 34-37  can be described to include elongated members including a common cross section along a longitudinal axis of the elongated member. The cross section includes a first side including two planar surfaces joined at an intersection of 144 degrees. The cross section further includes a second side including two planar surfaces parallel to the two planar surfaces of the first side. The two planar surfaces parallel to the two planar surfaces of the first side and the planar surfaces of the first side form flanges which extend outwardly from a center of the elongated member. The second side further includes four additional planar surfaces forming faceted features, each running parallel to a longitudinal axis of the elongated member. 
     According to one embodiment, the connector includes an elongated member including a common cross section along a longitudinal axis of the elongated member. The cross section includes a top side defined by a first planar surface and a second planar surface joined at 144 degrees from each other. The cross section further includes a bottom side comprising six planar surfaces. The six planar surfaces include four planar surfaces comprising a third planar surface, a fourth planar surface, a fifth planar surface, and a sixth planar surface, each aligned to be parallel to the longitudinal axis of the elongated member and nonparallel to the first planar surface and the second planar surface. Material of the connector between the four planar surfaces and the first planar surface and the second planar surface forms a center of the elongated member. The bottom side further includes a seventh planar surface parallel to the first planar surface, wherein the seventh planar surface and the first planar surface together form a first flange extending radially outwardly from the center of the elongated member. The bottom side further includes an eighth planar surface parallel to the second planar surface, wherein the eighth planar surface and the second planar surface together form a second flange extending radially outwardly from the center of the elongated member. 
       FIGS. 38 and 39  illustrate an exemplary alternative use of four connectors similar to the illustrated connector of  FIG. 37 , with the connectors aligned to create a picture frame. Four connectors  1500 A,  1500 B,  1500 C, and  1500 D are illustrated, similar to connector  1500  of  FIG. 37 , except that the connectors each include two 45 degree ends, one 45 degree end on each distal end of the connector. The four connectors are aligned to form aligned to form picture frame  1570 . The connectors each include surfaces  1510 ,  1510 ′,  1530 , and  1540  and flanges  1504 . Each of the connectors are aligned such that surfaces  1510 ′ form a single plane. 
       FIG. 40  illustrates an exemplary alternative use of four connectors similar to the illustrated connector of  FIG. 37 , with the connectors aligned to create a removable or freestanding structure roof. Roof  1580  is illustrated which can be suspended by poles or vertical walls in a structure such as a bus stop or a picnic table rain cover. Connectors  1500 E,  1500 F, and  1500 G are illustrated connecting to upper panels  1584 , the panels being connected to surfaces aligned at 144 degrees on the connectors, and lower panels  1582 , the panels being connected to surfaces aligned at 126 degrees on the connectors. 
       FIG. 41  illustrates in top view an exemplary alternative use of four connectors similar to the illustrated connector of  FIG. 37 , with the connectors aligned to create a free-standing raised stage base. Stage base  1590  can be covered with a 10 sided surface to create a stage upon which a person or a group of people can stand. Stage base  1590  is illustrated including connectors  1500 H,  1500 I, and  1500 J, external panels  1592  and internal panels  1594 . 
       FIG. 42  illustrates the raised stage base of  FIG. 41  in perspective view. Stage base  1590  is illustrated including connector  1500 K, external panels  1592  and internal panels  1594 . View A is defined and illustrated in detail in  FIG. 43 . 
       FIG. 43  illustrates the raised stage base of  FIG. 42 , with a magnified view of a corner of the raised stage based to show details of the connections of the panels to a connector. Stage base  1590  is illustrated in view A including connector  1500 K, external panels  1592  and internal panels  1594 . 
       FIGS. 44-73  illustrate additional embodiments of connectors useful in accordance with the embodiments disclosed herein. 
     According to the various embodiments of the disclosure, a connector useful as described herein includes an elongated member. The elongated member includes a longitudinal axis of the elongated member and further includes a top side and a bottom side. The top side includes a first planar surface and a second planar surface joined at 144 degrees from each other, wherein each of the first planar surface and the second planar surfaces are parallel to the longitudinal axis. The bottom side includes a third planar surface parallel to the longitudinal axis and oriented at an angle with the first planar surface, the angle selected from one of 108 degrees and 126 degrees. In some embodiments, the connector can be solid. In other embodiments, the connector can be hollow. In other embodiments, the connector can be a a plurality of connected flat panels. 
     The disclosure has described certain preferred embodiments and modifications of those embodiments. Further modifications and alterations may occur to others upon reading and understanding the specification. Therefore, it is intended that the disclosure not be limited to the particular embodiment(s) disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this disclosure, but that the disclosure will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.