Patent Publication Number: US-2022231621-A1

Title: Compressed inverted magnetic energy source

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application claims priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/138,688, filed on Jan. 18, 2021 and claims priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/153,480, filed on Feb. 25, 2021. The contents of both of these applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Magnets have two poles where magnetic fields emanate from and where the magnetic field is most intense. These poles are designated “north” and “south.” Two magnets with facing opposed “north” and “south” poles will attract. Two magnets with facing similar “north” and “north” poles will repel. Compression magnetism utilizes the repelling forces of two like magnetic poles to translate between forms of energy when the magnets are held in a compressed state. 
     Newton&#39;s first law of motion is the law of inertia, which states that an object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion without acceleration unless acted on by a non-zero net force. A non-zero net force exists in any system wherein the combination of forces acting within the system do not cancel each other out. 
     Newton&#39;s second law of motion states that the net force acting on an object is equal to the product of the object&#39;s mass and acceleration, in both direction and magnitude, or F net =m*a. Fine-tuning the compression and adjustment to the angle of opposing magnets will determine the direction and magnitude of the “force.” 
     Newton&#39;s third law of motion states that for every action force there is a reaction force that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. The compressed inverted magnets create the action force that produces a reaction force. which propels the spinning rotor of the motor. 
     Rotational motion follows Newton&#39;s laws of motion as well, but can better be understood using the rotational analogs to linear motion. In rotational motion, torque is often used to better describe the force acting upon an object. Torque is the cross product of radius and force, and thus more specifically captures the effect of a force on a system in rotational motion. Furthermore, force can be defined as the change in momentum of an object over time, in addition to the product of an object&#39;s mass and acceleration. Rather than describing an object in terms of its acceleration, it is more common to describe an object in rotational motion using its angular momentum. Angular momentum is the product of an objects mass, velocity, and the radius of the circle it is traversing. The first law of rotational motion states that an object will move with constant rotational velocity unless acted upon by a non-zero net torque. The second law of rotational motion states that the net torque acting on an object in rotational object is equal to the cross product of the radius of the circle being traversed and the product of the object&#39;s mass and acceleration (force). The third law of motion remains the same as for linear motion, although it is important to note that rotational acceleration is defined as the rotational velocity squared divided by the radius of the circle being traversed. Furthermore, the direction of centripetal acceleration points inwards to the point which is being rotated about. 
     BRIEF DISCLOSURE 
     In one embodiment, a compressed inverted magnetic energy system for the generation of rotational force comprises a stator comprising an interior surface and a rotor comprising an exterior surface and a shaft connected to the rotor. The system further comprises a plurality of stator magnets arranged in the interior surface of the stator, each stator magnet of the plurality of stator magnets having a first pole and a second pole, and each stator magnet of the plurality of stator magnets being arranged with the first pole pointing to the stator as well as a plurality of rotor magnets arranged in the exterior surface of the rotor, each rotor magnet of the plurality of rotor magnets having the first pole and the second pole, and each rotor magnet of the plurality of rotor magnets being arranged with the first pole pointing exterior to the rotor. In said embodiment, a compressive force is applied to the rotor to move the rotor to a position relative to the stator such that the plurality of stator magnets and the plurality of rotor magnets repulse to create a rotational force on the rotor. 
     An example of a system for the generation of rotational force includes a stator which may include an interior surface. A plurality of stator magnets are arranged in the interior surface, each stator magnet of the plurality of stator magnets having a first pole and a second pole, and each stator magnet of the plurality of stator magnets being arranged with the first pole pointing interior to the stator. A rotor may include an exterior surface. A plurality of rotor magnets may be arranged in the exterior surface, each rotor magnet of the plurality of the rotor magnets having the first pole and the second pole, and each rotor magnet of the plurality of rotor magnets being arranged with the first pole pointing exterior to the rotor. A shaft may be connected to the rotor. A compressive force is applied to the rotor to move the rotor to a position relative to the stator such that the plurality of stator magnets and the plurality of rotor magnets repulse to create a rotational force on the rotor. 
     Implementations may include one or more of the following features. The system where the stator magnets and the rotor magnets are further aligned tangentially to a circumference about a common axis of the rotor and the stator. The stator magnets are angled perpendicular to the stator surface and the rotor magnets are angled perpendicular to the rotor surface. The stator and rotor magnets are optionally angled tangentially to a circumference about a common axis of the rotor or angled such that the rotor magnets are perpendicular to the rotor surface and the stator magnets are perpendicular to the stator surface. The compressive force is applied to the compression plate, which applies the compressive force to the rotor. The shaft extends through a hole in the compression plate. The system may include: a rotor flange that extends away from the rotor and extends about the shaft, the rotor flange is configured to engage the compression plate to transfer the compressive force from the compression plate to the rotor. The ball bearings reduce the friction between the compression plate and the rotor flange. The system may include a flywheel secured to the shaft. The flywheel may include weights secured to the flywheel. The flywheel has a mass distributed radially away from the shaft. The system may include: a battery charger electrically connected to the electricity generator. The compressive force is applied to the compression plate, which applies the compressive force to the rotor in a direction along the common axis; and where the first pole of the vertex magnet repulses the first pole of the tip magnet. Repulsion of the tip magnet from the vertex magnet reduces friction between the rotor and compression plate. The system may include: a gear reduction connected to the shaft; and an electricity generator connected to the gear reduction. The tip magnet and the vertex magnet are arranged axially with a common axis of the rotor and of the stator with the first pole of the tip magnet facing the first pole of the vertex magnet. 
     An example of a system for the generation of rotational force includes a stator may include an interior surface. A plurality of stator magnets are integrated within the stator. Each stator magnet of the plurality of stator magnets may include a first pole and a second pole. Each stator magnet of the plurality of stator magnets may be arranged with the first pole facing inward from the interior surface. A rotor may include an exterior surface. A plurality of rotor magnets are integrated within the rotor. Each rotor magnet of the plurality of the rotor magnets includes a first pole and a second pole. Each rotor magnet of the plurality of rotor magnets may be arranged with the first pole facing outward from the exterior surface. The system also includes where the first pole of the stator magnets and the first pole of the rotor magnets are the same pole. A shaft is connected to the rotor. A compressive force between the stator and the rotor reduces a distance between the rotor and the stator such that the plurality of stator magnets and the plurality of rotor magnets repulse to create a rotational force on the rotor. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a compressed inverted magnetic energy source. 
         FIG. 2  is a sectional view of the compressed inverted magnetic energy source. 
         FIG. 3  is a system diagram showing a use of the compressed inverted magnetic energy source. 
         FIG. 4  is a sectional view of the compressed inverted magnetic energy source. 
         FIG. 5  is a sectional view of the compressed inverted magnetic energy source depicted in  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 6  is a sectional view of the compressed inverted magnetic energy source. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DISCLOSURE 
     Disclosed herein is a compressed inverted magnetic energy source (CIMES) system  100 . The CIMES system includes a rotor and stator system integrated with magnetic components. The magnetic system is held in a compressed state in order to produce a net magnetic force which is directed to rotate a rotor. For the purposes of this disclosure, the system extends from top to bottom in an axial direction. The system rotates about a common axis in the azimuthal direction Φ. Components of the system are arranged at various distances about the common axis in the radial direction. Finally, components of the system are arranged at various angles with respect to the common axis in the zenith direction θ. 
     CIMES system  100  uses magnetic energy between two components held in compression. In a non-limiting example shown in  FIG. 3 , the magnetic energy is directed to send an internal moving part or rotor that is pushed by magnets to pull a flywheel to turn an external shaft  102  which uses gear reduction  104  to create the necessary torque to power, for example, a generator  106  to create electricity, which is provided for example, a battery charger  108  to charge a battery. A person of ordinary skill in the art will, however, recognize many other arrangements and uses of the system  100  as described herein. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , there are two main components to the system: a fixed stator  110  and a moving rotor  112 . The rotor  112  exemplarily is a frustum of a cone, and the stator  110  is exemplarily shaped like a funnel, such that the rotor  112  is generally complementary to the stator  110 . The rotor  112  may be constructed of a solid block of aluminum. In another example, the rotor  112  may be constructed of plastic or another magnetically inert material. The rotor  112  is configured to be positioned within the stator  110  and to spin within the stator  110 . The rotor comprises an outer surface  116  surrounding the rotor  112  in the azimuthal direction  1 . As described in further detail herein, the rotor  112  includes rotor magnets  114  integrated within the rotor  112  and having the same pole (e.g., “north”) facing radially outward from the outer surface  116 . 
     The stator  110  is shaped like a funnel or bowl extending into a main body  130  of the stator  110 . The stator  110  may be constructed of a solid block of aluminum. In another example, the body  130  of the stator  110  may be constructed of plastic or another magnetically inert material. An interior surface  118  of the stator  110  extends in the azimuthal direction Φ and faces radially inward toward the outer surface  116  of the rotor  112 . The stator  110  is also integrated with a series of stator magnets  120  arranged so that the same pole (e.g., “north”) faces radially inward from the interior surface  118 . The pole that faces radially outward from the outer surface  116  of the rotor  112  is the same pole chosen to face radially inward from the interior surface  118  of the stator  110 . The stator  110  is configured to be stationary within the system, while the rotor  112  is able to accelerate rotationally. Thus, when the stator  110  and rotor  112  interact with one another magnetically to produce an action force, the reaction force cannot produce acceleration within the stator  110 , and therefore produced an acceleration in the rotor  112 . This is in accordance with Newton&#39;s second and third laws of motion as discussed previously. In operation, the stator magnets  120  repel the rotor magnets  114  to push, and thus spin, the rotor  112  relative to the stator  110 . 
     A frustum of a cone comprises two faces, a first face having a first diameter, and a second face having a second diameter which is less than the first diameter. The rotor  112  extends in an axial direction with an outer surface  121  with a first diameter and a tip  122  with a second diameter. The first diameter is larger than the second diameter. The tip  122  includes a tip magnet  124 . The vertex  126  at the center of the stator  110  includes a vertex magnet  128 . The tip magnet  124  is arranged axially above the vertex magnet  128  such that faces of both the tip magnet  124  and the vertex magnet  128  are arranged with the same pole (e.g. “north”) facing directly at each other. The repulsive force generated by the compression of the tip magnet  124  and the vertex magnet  128  lessens friction within the system by producing an upwards force in the axial direction which opposes the axially downward force of gravity. 
     As noted above, stator magnets  120  are arranged within the stator  110  such that the same poles (e.g., “north”) face radially inwards from the interior surface  118  towards a central axis of the stator  110 . As shown in  FIG. 4 , the stator magnets  120  are all set at an angle with respect to the central axis of the stator  110 . The angle of the stator magnets  120  may be oriented with respect to a slope of the interior surface  118  of the stator  110 . The stator magnets  120 , for example by being perpendicular to the interior surface, extend radially outwards away from the central axis and are angled downwards in the zenith direction θ or otherwise against the direction from which the rotor  112  is introduced to the stator  110 . Similarly, the rotor magnets  114  are arranged such that the same pole faces radially outward from the outer surface  116  of the rotor  112 . The rotor magnets  114  are also all set at an angle. This angle may be relative to the slope of the outer surface  116  and may be angled relative to the central axis of the stator/rotor as well. The rotor magnets  114  extend radially outwards from the central axis and are also angled downward in the zenith direction θ from the central axis or otherwise in the direction in which the rotor  112  is introduced to the stator  110 . 
     In an example, the central axes of the stator magnets  120  and the rotor magnets  114  are arranged around a circumference about the central axis of the stator  110  and rotor  112 .  FIG. 5  depicts an example, wherein the common poles (e.g. north poles) of the stator magnets  120  and the rotor magnets  114  are angled about the central axis in the azimuthal direction  1  such that the repulsive force of the stator magnets  120  against the rotor magnets  114  is directed to impart a force on the rotor  112  to rotate the rotor  112  in a direction (e.g. counter-clockwise). 
     The stator magnets  120  are angled to repel the rotor magnets  114 , the opposition of the rotor magnets  114  and the stator magnets  120  also opposes compression of the rotor  112  towards the stator  110  along the central axis. Magnetic intensity decreases according to the inverse square law, meaning that as a distance between magnets increases, an intensity of the magnetic field between them decreases exponentially. Therefore, when the rotor  112  is compressed towards the stator  110  as described in further detail herein, and the distance between the rotor magnets  114  and stator magnets  120  is reduced, the intensity of the magnetic field increases, and a greater repulsive force is produced to rotate the rotor  112 . Looking down the central axis of the stator/rotor in  FIG. 5 , the stator magnets  120  are pushing the rotor  112  counter-clockwise in the azimuthal direction Φ. However, it will be recognized that the system may be arranged to push the rotor  112  clockwise in the azimuthal direction Φ. 
     The stator  110  is in a fixed position while the rotor  112  rotates under the repulsive force generated between the rotor magnets  114  and the stator magnets  120 . A shaft  102  extends axially upward from the rotor  112 . The shaft  102  is oriented along the central axis of the stator  110  and the rotor  112 . Rotation of the rotor  112  as described above results in rotation of the shaft  102  in the same direction. The shaft  102  is connected to a compression plate  134  as will be described in further detail herein. The compression plate  134  includes a hole  136  through which the shaft  102  extends. 
     An external flywheel  138  is attached to the shaft  102 . As depicted, the flywheel  138  includes two opposed bars  140  secured to the shaft  102  with a shaft collar  142 . Unitary or removable weights  144  are secured to the ends of the opposed bars  140 . As described previously, angular momentum is the product of an object&#39;s mass, velocity, and the radius of the circle it is traversing. By providing mass at a radial distance away from the shaft  102 , the flywheel  138  increases the momentum generated by the shaft/rotor system as it is rotated by the magnets  114 ,  120 . While the flywheel  138  is depicted in an exemplary “dumbbell” shape, it will be recognized that the same or a similar profile of the flywheel  138  may be extended 360 degrees about the shaft  102  to form a plate or disk shape. This plate or disk-shaped flywheel may be circular in its perimeter. The flywheel  138  adds mass to the shaft, and the inertia of the shaft continues rotation of the shaft in the periods between when the rotor magnets  114  and the stator magnets  120  are in repulsive alignment. In certain examples, a separate motor (not depicted) provides an initial input of rotational motion to the rotor  112 . Once the rotor  112  is initially rotating, the inertia from the rotor  112  and flywheel  138  system keeps the rotor  112  rotating when the magnets  114 ,  120  fall out of repulsive alignment with one another as will be discussed in further detail herein. 
     The flywheel  138  includes mass at its outer radius to increase the angular momentum of the system. The flywheel  138  may be constructed of a magnetically inert material that does not interfere with the magnetic field of the rotor  112 . The flywheel  138  may exemplarily be constructed of aluminum. The compression of the rotor  112  and the stator  110  controls the amount of energy generated by the system and the flywheel contributes to the momentum and thus inertia to keep the motor from locking up, as well as creating torque for gear reduction to the generator. 
     As the rotor  112  turns in the azimuthal direction Φ, the stator magnets  120  and the rotor magnets  114  move in and out of the alignment which causes the rotor  112  to rotate in the desired direction of rotation. As each rotor magnet  114  comes into alignment with a stator magnet  120 , it is subsequently repulsed in the direction of rotation of the rotor  12  and falls into alignment with the adjacent stator magnet  120 . During this transition between alignment with adjacent stator magnets  120 , each rotor magnet  114  is momentarily repulsed in an azimuthal direction Φ opposite the direction of rotation of the rotor  112 . While the added inertia of the flywheel  138  operates as described above to overcome this, the system is further designed to limit this magnetic resistance. The rotor magnets  114  and the stator magnets  120  are distributed along the azimuthal direction  1  about the central axis of the rotor  112  and the stator  110  at irregularly spaced intervals. If all the rotor magnets  114  and the stator magnets  120  were aligned in perfect rows and spacing, all of the pairs of rotor magnets  114  and stator magnets  120  continuously are aligned in the same way. Thus when all pairs of magnets  114 ,  120  are misaligned, the magnetic repulsion in the direction opposite of rotation of the rotor  112  would be maximized, thus requiring more force to overcome. 
       FIG. 6  depicts one example of the system  100  wherein the rotor magnets  114  and the stator magnets  120  are spaced at uneven intervals. By distributing the rotor magnets  114  and the stator magnets  120  irregularly, only a percentage of rotor magnets  114  and stator magnets  120  are in the misalignment which results in repulsion counter to the direction of rotation of the rotor  112 . In other words, the magnetic repulsion is minimized, thus requiring a lower force to overcome. 
     As previously noted, the system  100  requires the rotor  112  to be compressed into an axial position relative to the stator  110 . The same repulsive force between the rotor magnets  114  and the stator magnets  120  that drives the rotor  112  as described above, also repels the rotor  112  away from the stator  110  entirely. A compressive force must be applied to the rotor  112  and the stator  110  to overcome this repulsion and hold the rotor  112  in position relative to the stator  110 . The compression plate  134 , as previously described, includes a hole  136  through which the shaft  102  extends through the compression plate  134 . A rotor flange  132  is secured to the outer surface  121  of the rotor  112  and extends away from the rotor  112  coaxially along the shaft  102 . The end of the rotor flange  132  distal from the rotor  112  ends in an engagement surface  133 . The compression plate  134  operatively engages the rotor flange  132  at the engagement surface  133 . 
     Force applied to the compression plate  134 , as will be described herein, is transferred to the rotor  112  by engagement of the compression plate  134  with the rotor flange  132 . In an example, ball bearings  146  are positioned between the compression plate  134  and the rotor flange  132 , to reduce friction between the compression plate  134  and the rotor flange  132 . The ball bearings  146  may also simultaneously engage the shaft  102 . A force is applied to the compression plate  134  which is transferred to the rotor  112  to move the rotor into an axial alignment relative to the stator  110 . This force may be manually, mechanically, or electromechanically applied. 
     The ball bearings  146  enable the shaft to spin but at specific strength and design to keep the shaft straight and fixed into the compression plate  134 . In examples, although not necessarily required, the shaft  102  extends through a hole  156  in the frame  148 . Ball bearings  158  may further be used to reduce friction between the frame  148  and the shaft  102  and also to help keep the shaft  102  straight and rotating about the central axis. The compression plate  134  may be provided in two parts, for example, to come apart for assembly and placement of the ball bearings  146 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the system  100  may include a frame  148 , which may also be a shell or housing, that is secured to the stator  110  and extends away from the stator  110 . The compression plate  134  is mechanically connected to the frame  148 . The frame  148  may include teeth  150  to which are engaged by an incremental engagement feature  152 , which may exemplarily be a gear, pinion, or ratchet. The compressive force may be applied by a manual lever or wheel  154 .  FIG. 6  depicts an additional example of a system which may impart compression between the compression plate  134 /rotor  112  and the frame  148 /stator  110 . As shown in  FIG. 6 , threaded screws  160  extend through the frame  148  to the compression plate  134 . The threaded screws  160  may have handles  162  for manual control or adjustment. Rotation of the threaded screws  160  moves the compression plate  134  towards or away from the frame  148 . 
     A person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize, from these disclosures, other solutions for applying the compressive force while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure. In other examples, the compressive force may be applied from an external motor (not depicted), which may operate any of the mechanical compression systems as shown herein, or others as would be recognized based upon the present disclosure. The external motor may exemplarily be the same motor which, in some embodiments, provides an initial rotation of the rotor  112  and the flywheel  138 . 
     Control of the axial distance between rotor  112  and stator  110  upon compression can be used to control the output torque and/or speed of the shaft  102  rotated by the interaction between the rotor  112  and the stator  110 . As previously discussed, the closer that the rotor  112  is positioned relative to the stator  110 , the greater the intensity of the repulsive magnetic force between the rotor magnets  114  and the stator magnets  120  which is translated into a greater rotational force on the rotor  112  and the shaft  102 . 
     The magnets in the system as described herein may be any of a variety of magnets, however, permanent magnets and/or rare earth magnets may present advantages over electromagnets as electromagnets will increase energy use of the system. In other examples, electromagnets may provide improved control of the magnetic fields used to rotate the rotor and the shaft. In an example, the magnet may include lode stone. 
     As previously noted, the disclosed system may require an external power source to initiate spinning of the rotor/shaft/flywheel. In still further examples, the same or additional electric motors may be used to control the compression of the rotor towards the stator and also provide the initial acceleration of the rotor/shaft/flywheel. In such applications, the system  100  may be an effective energy transfer system to convert the force from the compression and/or initial rotor/shaft/flywheel acceleration into rotational output, for example to drive a mechanical system or to generate electricity. 
     Citations to a number of references are made herein. The cited references are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. In the event that there is an inconsistency between a definition of a term in the specification as compared to a definition of the term in a cited reference, the term should be interpreted based on the definition in the specification. 
     In the above description, certain terms have been used for brevity, clarity, and understanding. No unnecessary limitations are to be inferred therefrom beyond the requirement of the prior art because such terms are used for descriptive purposes and are intended to be broadly construed. The different systems and method steps described herein may be used alone or in combination with other systems and methods. It is to be expected that various equivalents, alternatives, and modifications are possible within the scope of the appended claims. 
     The functional block diagrams, operational sequences, and flow diagrams provided in the Figures are representative of exemplary architectures, environments, and methodologies for performing novel aspects of the disclosure. While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the methodologies included herein may be in the form of a functional diagram, operational sequence, or flow diagram, and may be described as a series of acts, it is to be understood and appreciated that the methodologies are not limited by the order of acts, as some acts may, in accordance therewith, occur in a different order and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein. For example, those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate that a methodology can alternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states or events, such as in a state diagram. Moreover, not all acts illustrated in a methodology may be required for a novel implementation. 
     This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.