Patent Publication Number: US-2021183495-A1

Title: Functionalized Food as Medicine Platform and Computer System

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/946,965, filed on Dec. 11, 2019, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This document generally describes technology related to medical and patient treatment technologies, including patient therapies provided and facilitated around food as medicine (“FAM”). 
     BACKGROUND 
     FAM is a currently an advancing area of medicine, with increasing bodies of evidence, supported by recognition that responding to disease via procedures or pharmaceuticals only after progression continues to prove costly, both economically and in terms of patient experience and outcomes. FAM aims to address causes of chronic disease for prevention as well as provide support for patients through specific, personalized guidance addressing conditions that have already progressed. Hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and other conditions are highly relevant for FAM. FAM is supported by studies that have shown a reduction in emergency rooms visits, success in reversing type II diabetes, and other positive results from real world evidence. Research and further study is ongoing, but initial results present a compelling case to functionalize a process around established credible clinical evidence 
     SUMMARY 
     This document generally describes technologies for functionalizing FAM therapies in patients by providing a platform to facilitate connections between partner systems, such as medical providers, insurers, clinically sound FAM therapies, and grocers/retailers, in a way that aligns incentives among the partner systems and that leads to patient compliance and success. One of the main challenges with FAM therapies is that these partner systems are disparate and disconnected, which results in patients bearing the brunt of following and complying with FAM therapy plans. For example, a patient who has been prescribed a specific FAM therapy that includes a low sodium diet may find it daunting to understand and compare sodium levels in products at a grocery store, and whether these products are sufficiently low in sodium, especially when combined with other ingredients in a meal, to satisfy the FAM therapy plan. This burden on the patient presents a barrier to compliance, and can often lead to poor patient outcomes. 
     The disclosed technology is generally directed to a system and platform that creates and aligns incentives and creates connections between various partner systems so as to incentivize and facilitate each partner system&#39;s involvement with and support of patients undergoing FAM therapies. For example, the disclosed technology can analyze patient records and diagnoses, and automatically identify relevant, clinically sound FAM therapies to provide to the patient that are specifically tailored to treat the patient&#39;s ailments. Additionally, the disclosed technology can identify incentives that are available from insurers for particular patients who comply with FAM therapies, and can make those incentives available to patients as an incentive for their adherence to a FAM therapy. The disclosed technology can also translate FAM therapies into specific, actionable product and/or recipe recommendations at grocers and retailers, along with information on available insurer-provide incentives that are available for taking those actions. And further, the disclosed technology can automatically and accurately determine whether users have complied with their FAM therapies, providing verification to insurers before incentives are provided to patients. 
     In one implementation, a system for providing functionalized FAM services includes a medical computer system configured to maintain medical data for a patient, wherein the medical data includes information that identifies one or more medical conditions that the patient has been diagnosed with by a physician. The system can further include a FAM computer system configured to maintain FAM information that identifies FAM therapies and a food provider computer system configured to manage distribution and sale of food items by a food provider. The system can additionally include a user computing device configured to provide a FAM user interface for the patient and a functionalized FAM computer system configured to provide functionalized FAM services for the patient. The functionalized FAM services can include obtaining the medical data for the patient from the medial computer system; identifying the one or more medical conditions for the patient based on the medical data; identifying one or more FAM therapies from among the FAM therapies for the patient based on the one or more medical conditions and the FAM information; selecting one or more food items from among the food items offered by the food provider in compliance with the one or more FAM therapies; transmitting FAM recommendation information identifying the one or more food items to the user computing device in association with the one or more FAM therapies, wherein the user computing device is configured to output the information identifying the one or more food items in the FAM user interface; receiving purchase information from the food provider computer system for the patient; determining, after transmitting the FAM recommendation information to the user computing device, that the patient purchased the one or more food items based on the purchase information; and transmitting FAM therapy compliance information indicating that the patient has adhered to the one or more FAM therapies for the one or more medical conditions diagnosed by the physician based, at least in part, on the determination that the patient purchased the one or more food items. 
     Such a system can optionally include one or more of the following features. The functionalized FAM computer system can further include a cross-system correlation database system that stores correlation data that correlates (i) the one or more medical conditions to the one or more FAM therapies, (ii) the one or more FAM therapies to the one or more food items, and (iii) the one or more food items to the FAM therapy compliance information. Identifying the one or more FAM therapies from among the FAM therapies for the patient can be further based on the correlation data stored in the cross-system correlation database system. Selecting the one or more food items from among the food items offered by the food provider in compliance with the one or more FAM therapies can be further based on the correlation data stored in the cross-system correlation database system. Determining the FAM therapy compliance information can be further based on the correlation data stored in the cross-system correlation database system. 
     FAM therapy compliance information can be transmitted to the medical computer system for inclusion with the medical data for the patient. The medical computer system can be further configured to store the FAM therapy compliance information as part of the medical data for the patient and to make the FAM therapy compliance information available to the physician for the patient. The FAM therapy compliance information can be transmitted to the user computing device. The user computing device can be further configured to present the FAM therapy compliance information in the FAM user interface. The FAM recommendation information can include one or more recipes that adhere to the one or more FAM therapies and that use the one or more food items as ingredients. The user computing device can further be configured to output the one or more recipes in the FAM user interface. The user computing device can be further configured to prompt the user for digital evidence that the patient prepared the one or more recipes in the FAM user interface, record the digital evidence using one or more input devices that are part of the user computing device, and transmit the digital evidence to the functionalized FAM computer system. The functionalized FAM services can further include receiving the digital evidence from the user computing device, and determining the FAM therapy compliance information based, at least in part on, the digital evidence and the determination that the patient purchased the one or more food items. The digital evidence can include a digital image or a digital video taken by the user computing device. The determination of the FAM therapy compliance information can include determining, through comparison of the digital image or the digital video against one or more image-based models for the one or more recipes, a probability that the patient prepared the one or more recipes. 
     The system can further include an insurer computer system configured to provide incentives for compliance with the one or more FAM therapies by the patient. The FAM recommendation information can further include one or more incentives for the patient to consume the one or more food items to adhere with the one or more FAM therapies. The functionalized FAM services can further include selecting the one or more incentives from among the incentives provided by the insurer computer system based on the one or more FAM therapies for the patient. The FAM therapy compliance information can be transmitted to the insurer computer system in association with the one or more incentives. The insurer computer system can be further configured to award the one or more incentives to the patient based, at least in part, on the FAM therapy compliance information indicating that the patient has adhered to the one or more FAM therapies for the one or more medical conditions diagnosed by the physician. 
     The user computing device can be further configured to receive a user token from the functionalized FAM computer system that uniquely identifies the patient, present information to purchase the food items from the food provider in the FAM user interface, receive selection of the one or more food items in the FAM user interface, and transmit order information to the food provider computer system that identifies the one or more food items and the user token. The food provider computer system can be further configured to process the order information and, upon completion of a transaction for the one or more food items, transmit the purchase information with the user token to the functionalized FAM computer system. The functionalized FAM computer system can be further configured to determine that the patient purchased the one or more food items based on receipt of the user token with the purchase information. The user computing device can be further configured to transmit the user token to the food provider computer system as part of a query to present the information to purchase the food items, receive the information to purchase the food items from the food provider computer system customized for the patient and the one or more FAM therapies, wherein the information to purchase the food items is received with additional information identifying the one or more food items as being compliant with the one or more FAM therapies for the patient, and present the additional information in the FAM user interface to identify the one or more food items as being compliant with the one or more FAM therapies to the patient. 
     The food provider computer system can be further configured to receive the user token from the user computing device as part of the query to present the information to purchase the food items, poll the functionalized FAM computer system, using the user token, for selection of the food items offered by the food provider that will adhere to one or more FAM therapies, receive, from the functionalized FAM computer system, identification of the one or more food items and transmit the information to purchase the food items to the food provider application with the additional information identifying the one or more food items as being compliant with the one or more FAM therapies for the patient. The user token can be anonymized to the food provider computer system without any information that identifies the patient or the one or more FAM therapies for the patient to the food provider computer system. 
     The additional information can be presented in the FAM user interface with (i) graphical information identifying the one or more food items as being compliant with the one or more FAM therapies to the patient and (ii) one or more incentives for purchasing the one or more food items based on their compliance with the one or more FAM therapies for the patient. The incentives can be specific to the patient and presentations of the one or more food items to other users do not include the incentives. The additional information can be further presented in the FAM user interface with recipes that use the one or more food items to make one or more dishes that are compliant with the one or more FAM therapies. The system can further include an insurer computer system configured to provide incentives for compliance with the one or more FAM therapies by the patient. The one or more incentives can be selected from among the incentives provided by the insurer computer system based on the one or more FAM therapies for the patient. 
     The food provider can include a grocer or a retailer, and the food provider computer system comprises a point of sale system for the grocer or the retailer. The medical data can include electronic medical records. 
     The details of one or more implementations are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a conceptual diagram of an example system providing functionalized FAM therapies to patients. 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram of an example system for providing functionalized FAM therapy services to patients. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an example system for exchanging information among an example functionalized FAM computer system and a plurality of partner systems to provide functionalized FAM therapy services to patients. 
         FIG. 4  is an example technique for providing functionalized FAM therapy services to patients. 
         FIG. 5  is a conceptual diagram of an example system for providing FAM therapy guidance to a patient in compliance with a patient&#39;s personalized FAM therapy. 
         FIG. 6  is an example technique for providing functionalized FAM therapy services to patients. 
         FIGS. 7A-B  are conceptual diagrams of example systems for providing FAM therapy guidance to a patient in compliance with a patient&#39;s personalized FAM therapy. 
         FIGS. 8A-B  are screenshots of an example user interface on a client computing device for providing FAM therapy guidance to a patient through individual product guidance. 
         FIGS. 9A-B  are screenshots of an example user interface on a client computing device for providing FAM therapy guidance to a patient through recipe-based product guidance. 
         FIG. 10  is a conceptual diagram of an example system for determining whether a patient has complied with FAM therapy and whether incentives can be awarded to the patient. 
         FIG. 11  is a conceptual diagram of an example system for determining whether a patient has complied with FAM therapy and whether incentives can be awarded to the patient. 
         FIG. 12  is a block diagram of computing devices that may be used to implement the systems and methods described in this document, as either a client or as a server or plurality of servers 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 1  is a conceptual diagram of an example system  100  providing functionalized FAM therapies to patients. The example system includes an example functionalized FAM computer system  102  (e.g., cloud computer system) that connects and facilitates interactions among a plurality of partner systems  104   a - b , such as medical provider systems, care management systems, FAM therapy systems, insurers, grocers/retailers, and/or others. The functionalized FAM computer system  102  facilitates these connections with privacy protections  106  in place so that proprietary information from each partner system  104   a - b  is not compromised or shared with other systems, while at the same point sharing sufficient information so as to provide functionalized FAM services  108  to patients  110 . 
     The privacy protections  106  can include, for example, generating global patient identifiers that are specific to the functionalized FAM computer system  102  and that link up user identifiers across the partner systems  104   a - b  in a way that de-identifies these partner-specific user identifiers in communication with the other partner systems. Additionally, the privacy protections  106  can include filtering, de-identifying, and/or obfuscating partner and/or patient information that is shared across the partner systems  104   a - b . For example, information on a FAM therapy for a particular patient may be provided to a grocer/retailer with sufficient detail so that the grocer/retailer can provide FAM therapy guidance to the patient without identifying the underlying medical condition to which the FAM therapy is being applied. 
     The functionalized FAM computer system  102  can assist each of these partner systems  104   a - b —medical providers, insurers, grocers/retailers, and/or others—in this process of providing FAM therapy services  108  to the patient  110  so that each partner system  104   a - b  is incentivized to participate. Additionally, the FAM therapy services  108  can be provided to the patient  110  in a way that it will have a high likelihood of success, including measuring outcomes and enabling therapy compliance through incentives being provided for the patient  110  to comply, convenience, providing community for the patient  110 , personalizing the user experience, and/or providing an engaging platform for the patient  110 . 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram of an example system  200  for providing functionalized FAM therapy services to patients. The system  200  can be similar to the system  100  described above. 
     The example system includes a functionalized FAM computer system  202  (similar to the system  102 ) that is connected over one or more networks to a plurality of partner systems, including medical and care management systems  204 , insurers  2010 , FAM systems  214 , and retailers/grocers  220 . The medical and care management systems  204  can be systems that are providing medical services, such as services provided by clinicians, and/or follow-up care management to patients. The medical and care management systems  204  can store a variety of medical data for patients, such as EMR data  206 , and can also store treatment workflows  208 , which outline workflows for treating various ailments that are diagnosed in patients. The medical and care management system  204  can share medical information for patients, such as medical history and diagnoses, with the functionalized FAM computer system  202 , which can include clinician and/or medical provider requests for FAM therapies to be provided to patients. 
     The insurers  210  can provide health insurance services to patients, and can include FAM-related incentives  212  that they are willing to provide to patients who are willing and able to comply with FAM therapies. The FAM-related incentives  212  can include, for example, discounts and/or reimbursements that are provided to patients who comply with particular FAM therapies to treat their medical conditions. 
     The FAM system  214  can include systems that provide clinically proven FAM treatment models  216  for various medical conditions. The FAM treatment models  216  can identify types of foods to be consumed and/or avoided by patients with particular medical conditions, quantities of foods to be consumed, minimums and/or limits to foods to be consumed, and/or other dietary restrictions or requirements. The FAM treatment models  216  can identify particular FAM recipes  218  that comply with various FAM treatment models. 
     The retailers/grocers  220  can provide unprepared, partially prepared, and/or fully prepared food items for purchase by patients. The retailers/grocers  220  can include product data  228 , which includes information on particular food items that they sell, as well as loyalty data  230  that details purchase histories for particular users. The retailers/grocers  220  can include point of sale (“POS”) systems  222 , and in some instances mobile platforms  224  to interface with mobile apps specific to their systems and/or loyalty systems  226 . 
     The functionalized FAM computer system  202  can include cross-system correlations  232  that correlate information provided from across the plurality of partner systems, such as correlating user identifiers from the medical and care management systems  204  with user identifiers that are used by the insurers  210  and the retailers/grocers  220 . The functionalized FAM computer system  202  can also include incentive models  234  that model when and how to provide incentives provided by insurers  210  to patients, such as through the user devices  236  (e.g., mobile computing devices, non-mobile computing devices, wearable computing devices). 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an example system  300  for exchanging information among an example functionalized FAM computer system  320  and a plurality of partner systems to provide functionalized FAM therapy services to patients. The system  300  can be similar to the systems  100  and/or  200  described above. 
     The functionalized FAM computer system  302  can receive medical data  328  from an example medical system  320  (similar to the medical system  204 ), which can include patient diagnoses and/or requests for FAM therapy services to be provided to patients. The functionalized FAM computer system  302  includes a FAM treatment system  304  that can map the medical data  328 , and the patient diagnoses, to specific FAM therapies that are provided by the FAM system  322  (similar to the FAM system  214 ) via the FAM information  332 , which can include FAM therapies, FAM recipes, and/or other FAM therapy details. The FAM treatment system  304  can use a cross-system correlation database  314  (similar to the cross-system correlations  232 ) to identify an appropriate FAM therapy to administer to a patient based on the medical data  328  for the patient. 
     The functionalized FAM computer system  302  further includes an incentive system  306  that can translate the FAM therapies identified by the FAM treatment system  304  into specific, actionable incentives that are available to be provided to particular patients undergoing FAM treatments based on available incentives  336  (similar to incentives  212 ) that are provided by the insurers  324  (similar to insurers  210 ). The incentive system  306  can use information stored in the cross-system correlations  314  and incentive models  316  to make these determinations. 
     The functionalized FAM computer system  302  additionally includes a user guidance system  308  that uses the determined FAM therapies for individual patients to identify specific products and/or recipes to product information  340  from retailers/grocers  326  (similar to retailers/grocers  220 ) to provide FAM therapy guidance to patients, such as generating specific product and/or recipe suggestions to be provided to patients. The user guidance system  308  can additionally provide guidance using the cross-system correlations  314 , which can include mappings between FAM therapies and specific products, and using product taxonomies  318 , which can provide hierarchical and logical groupings of products across a variety of characteristics, including food type, nutrition information, ingredients, and/or other information relevant to administering FAM therapies. The user guidance system  308  can additionally make guidance determinations based on product information  340  provided by retailers/grocers  326 , such as information on specific products that are offered for sale by their establishments (e.g., product SKU information, product description, product details). 
     The incentives generated by the incentive system  306  and the guidance generated by the user guidance system  308  can be transmitted ( 352 ) to user devices  344  (e.g., mobile computing devices, such as smartphones), which can include apps  346  (e.g., mobile apps), input subsystems  348  (e.g., touchscreen, microphones, keyboard, sensors, cameras), and/or output subsystems  350  (e.g., display, speaker, tactile feedback systems). The user devices  344  can output the incentives and guidance to the user via, for example, the apps  346 , such as web browsers, native mobile apps, and/or other applications that are suitable for providing a user interface through which information can be presented to the user and relevant user input can be received. 
     Information identifying user actions  354  related to FAM therapy guidance and incentives that are performed on the user devices  344  can be provided by the user devices  344  to the functionalized FAM computer system  302 , and used by the FAM activity system  310  and/or the FAM compliance system  312 . The FAM activity system  310  can determine whether products related to FAM therapies have been purchased by a patient using information on the user actions  354  (e.g., user purchased product using app  346 ) and/or using product purchase information  340  that is provided by the retailers/grocers  326  (e.g., purchases made using customer loyalty card, which can be correlated to the user account using the cross-system correlations  314 ). The FAM compliance system  312  can determine whether the patient has actually complied with the FAM therapies using the purchased products (e.g., cooked a meal using the products purchased), and can determine whether the patient has earned incentives that were offered as part of the FAM therapy. The FAM compliance system  312  can use the user actions information  354  from user devices  344 , which may be one of multiple different user devices that are associated with user (e.g., one user may be associated with a smartphone, a smart watch, smart appliances, a and smart speaker) and which may be different from the device that is presenting FAM guidance and incentives, to determine whether a user has complied with the FAM therapy. For instance, the user actions  354  can include a digital picture of a cooked meal that is captured by the user device  344 , transmitted to the functionalized FAM computer system  302 , and analyzed the FAM compliance system  312  to determine whether the user complied with the FAM therapy guidance and/or incentives (e.g., prepare FAM therapy meal). 
     The functionalized FAM computer system  302  can provide information back to the partner systems  320 - 326  as part of the FAM therapy. For example, the functionalized FAM computer system  302  can provide FAM treatment and compliance information  320  to the medical systems  320 , which can be added to patient records and used by clinicians and other medical professionals to provide medical treatment to patients. Additionally, the medical systems  320  may track and follow-up with patients to further determine and assess patient outcomes under the functionalized FAM computer system  302 . The functionalized FAM computer system  302  can also provide FAM outcome data  334  back to the FAM system  322 , which may be anonymized before it is transmitted so it can be used by the FAM system  322  to improve upon FAM therapy models and/or FAM recipes that are provided by the system  322 . The functionalized FAM computer system  302  can also provide compliance data  338  to the insurers  324 , which can used the compliance data  338  (measure outcome data) to determine whether and to what extent to award incentives to patients. The functionalized FAM computer system  302  can also provide FAM treatment models to the retailers/grocers, which can use the information to provide some level of FAM product guidance based on de-identified and/or anonymized user data. 
       FIG. 4  is an example technique  400  for providing functionalized FAM therapy services to patients. The example technique  400  can be performed, for example, by the functionalized FAM computer system  102 ,  202 , and/or  302 , and/or other suitable computer systems and/or devices. 
     Medical data for a patient can be received ( 402 ) and used to identify a FAM treatment for the patient ( 404 ). Using the FAM treatment, recipes and products that are compliant with the FAM treatment can be identified ( 406 ) and, using that information, specific incentives (e.g., provided by insurers) for the FAM treatment products and/or recipes can be identified ( 408 ). Those incentives can be provided to and output by a user device ( 410 ), which may result in purchases of the incentives products and/or recipes by the user. Information identifying user purchases can be received ( 412 ), such as from the same user device that output the incentives, a different user device, and/or from a retailer/grocer system. Those purchases can be correlated to incentives provided to the user ( 414 ), such as by correlating a user identifier on a retailer/grocer platform (e.g., loyalty account identifier) with a user identifier for an insurer. User action information can be received after the purchase is made ( 416 ) and used to determine whether the user complied with the incentives using the purchased products ( 418 ). Such a determination can evaluate, for example, whether a user cooked a meal for their FAM treatment using the purchased products. The compliance determination can be transmitted ( 420 ), such as to an insurer, and used to award incentives to the user ( 422 ). The outcomes and results of the technique  400  can be used to update incentive models ( 424 ), such as through updating machine learning models that are used to identify, select, and provide incentives to users based on various criteria. 
       FIG. 5  is a conceptual diagram of an example system  500  for providing FAM therapy guidance to a patient in compliance with a patient&#39;s personalized FAM therapy. The example system  500  includes a functionalized FAM computer system  502  (similar to the functionalized FAM computer systems  102 ,  202 , and/or  302 ), a user device  504  (similar to the user devices  236  and/or  344 ), and retailers/grocers  506  (similar to the retailers/grocers  220  and/or  326 ). In this example system  500 , the user device  504  includes a functionalized FAM system app  510  that provides FAM therapy incentives and guidance, which can be used to direct FAM product purchases on a separate retailer/grocer app  512 , which relays confirmation of the purchases back to the functionalized FAM computer system  502 . 
     The functionalized FAM computer system  502  determines FAM incentives and guidance for a particular patient (step A,  514 ), which are then provided to the user device  504  with a user token  518  that uniquely identifies the patient (step B,  516 ). The user token  518  can be an identifier that is specific to the patient and the functionalized FAM computer system  502 , and can be different from user identifiers on other platforms/systems. The user token  518  can be, for example, a permanent identifier (e.g., username) and/or a temporary identifier that is periodically reassigned (e.g., session identifier). The user token  518  can be passed between systems and/or used to generate additional unique identifiers between systems that can permit for information specific to patients to be shared between systems in an anonymous and de-identifiable way. 
     The functionalized FAM app  510  can output the FAM incentives and guidance (step C,  520 ) and receive user selection of the incentives and/or guidance (step D,  522 ). The selections, and/or portions thereof, can be provided to the retailer/grocer app  512  (step E,  524 ) along with the user token  518 . The retailer/grocer app  512  can receive user selections of specific products that are associated with the selected FAM incentives and/or guidance (step F,  526 ), which can result in product purchases with a retailer/grocer system  506  and its POS system  508  (step G,  528 ). The product purchases can include, for example, the user token  518  which is passed along as part of the purchase, and then relayed as part of the confirmation of the products that were purchased (step H,  514 ). 
       FIG. 6  is an example technique  600  for providing functionalized FAM therapy services to patients. The example technique  600  can be performed, for example, by the functionalized FAM computer system  102 ,  202 ,  302 , and/or  502 , and/or other suitable computer systems and/or devices. 
     Medical data for a patient can be received ( 602 ) and used to identify a FAM treatment for the patient ( 604 ). Using the FAM treatment, recipes and products that are compliant with the FAM treatment can be identified ( 606 ) and, using that information, specific incentives (e.g., provided by insurers) for the FAM treatment products and/or recipes can be identified ( 608 ). Those incentives can be provided to a retailer/grocer system along with a user identifier on the retailer/grocer system ( 610 ), which may use and present the incentives products and/or recipes to the user as part of a retailer/grocer-specific experience (e.g., retailer/grocer-specific app, retailer/grocer POS experience). Information identifying user purchases can be received ( 612 ), such as from the retailer/grocer system. Those purchases can be correlated to incentives provided to the retailer/grocer for a user ( 614 ), such as by correlating a user identifier on a retailer/grocer platform (e.g., loyalty account identifier) with a user identifier on the FAM computer system. User action information can be received after the purchase is made ( 616 ) and used to determine whether the user complied with the incentives using the purchased products ( 618 ). Such a determination can evaluate, for example, whether a user cooked a meal for their FAM treatment using the purchased products. The compliance determination can be transmitted ( 620 ), such as to an insurer, and used to award incentives to the user ( 622 ). The outcomes and results of the technique  600  can be used to update incentive models ( 624 ), such as through updating machine learning models that are used to identify, select, and provide incentives to users based on various criteria. 
       FIGS. 7A-B  are conceptual diagrams of example systems  700  and  750  for providing FAM therapy guidance to a patient in compliance with a patient&#39;s personalized FAM therapy. The example systems  700  and  750  include a functionalized FAM computer system  702  (similar to the functionalized FAM computer systems  102 ,  202 ,  302 , and/or  502 ), a user device  704  (similar to the user devices  236 ,  344 , and/or  504 ), and retailers/grocers  706  (similar to the retailers/grocers  220 ,  326 , and/or  506 ). In these example systems  700  and  750 , the user device  704  includes a retailer/grocer app  710  through which FAM incentives and guidance are provided to the user.  FIG. 7A  depicts a system  700  in which the retailer/grocer system  706  receives some FAM therapy information for users (anonymized/de-identified in a way so that the retailer/grocer system  706  is unable to determine or infer a medical condition for the user) and makes local FAM product recommendations for the user.  FIG. 7B  depicts a system  750  in which the user device  704  polls the functionalized FAM computer system  702  for FAM product information, guidance, and incentives, which are output in the retailer/grocer app  710 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 7A , the functionalized FAM computer system  702  determined FAM incentives and guidance for a patient (step A,  712 ), which is provided to the retail/grocers  706  with a user token  716  (step B,  714 ). As discussed above with regard to  FIG. 5 , the user token  716  can anonymize/de-identify the patient in a way that the retailer/grocer  706  does not have user account information for other partner systems or access to other user information on those systems. The FAM incentives and guidance that are provided to the retailers/grocers  706  can additionally obfuscate and/or anonymize medical conditions that the patient may have that are being treated as part of the FAM incentives and guidance, such as simply providing information indicating some dietary parameters for the patient that could be indicative of any of a variety of medical conditions or of no medical conditions at all. 
     The retailers/grocers  706  can use the FAM incentives and/or guidance to determine specific FAM product recommendations to provide to the user device  704  that are compliant with the FAM incentives and/or guidance (step C,  718 ). In this instance, the retailers/grocers  706  may have some level of autonomy to select among and to prioritize among multiple different products, some of which may have promotions or other offers being provided by the retailers/grocers  706 , to provide as the FAM product recommendations  718 . For example, the retailer/grocer  706  may determine two types of rice may satisfy the FAM incentives and guidance for a patient, which permits the retailer/grocer  706  to select or prioritize the ranking of those two products to provide as the FAM product recommendations. 
     The FAM product recommendations can be provided to the retailer/grocer app  710  on the user device  704  (step D,  720 ), which can output the FAM product recommendations (step E,  722 ). The user can select products from the app  710  (step F,  724 ), which can result in purchases being processed with the retailers/grocers  706  and the POS system  708  (step G,  726 ). Once the product purchase is complete, the product purchase information can be transmitted back to the functionalized FAM computer system  702  along with the user token  716  so that the user action can be properly attributed to the user (step H,  728 ). 
     Referring to  FIG. 7B , the functionalized FAM computer system  702  provides the user token  754  (similar to the user token  718 ) to the retailers/grocers  708  (step A,  752 ), which then forwards the user token  754  along to the retailer/grocer app  710  (step B,  756 ). When providing product information in the app  710 , the retailer/grocer app  710  can poll the functionalized FAM computer system  702  for FAM product and incentive information that pertains to the products that are to be presented in the app  710  (step C,  758 ). For example, if the user selects to view breads (example product)that are sold by the retailer/grocer  706 , the app  710  can retrieve the bread product offerings and then poll the functionalized FAM computer system  702  for FAM guidance and information that pertains to the bread product offerings. This polling can include transmitting the product information (e.g., SKUs, product identifiers) as well as the user token  754  so that the functionalized FAM computer system  702  can perform product-based FAM determinations for the patient. The FAM product incentives and guidance can be determined for the patient identified by the user token  754  and the products that are being polled (step D,  760 ), and the FAM product incentives and guidance can be provided back to the app  710  (step E,  762 ). The app  710  can output the produce and incentive guidance, along with the product information (step F,  764 ), which may result in user selections of the products (step G,  766 ) and purchase of the products (step H,  768 ). The purchases can be processed with the user token  754 , which can be retransmitted to the functionalized FAM computer system  702  along with the purchase information (step I,  770 ). 
     Unlike system  700 , the system  750  in  FIG. 7B  can restrict the distribution of FAM incentive and guidance information to the retailer/grocer  706  so that only that information that is relevant to specific products that are being presented. This can additionally protect user privacy, but can add additional steps for providing FAM information during the shopping/retail experience and can decrease the autonomy of retailers/grocers  706  to the determine and prioritize products that are offered on the user device  704 . 
       FIGS. 8A-B  are screenshots of an example user interface on a client computing device  800  for providing FAM therapy guidance to a patient through individual product guidance. The user computing device  800  can be similar to the other user computing devices described throughout this document. The user interfaces that are depicted in  FIGS. 8A-B  can be presented, for example, as part of the systems  700  and  750 , such as at steps  722  and  764 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 8A , an example user interface is depicted showing chicken products  804 - 806  that are offered for sale by the retailer. The product offerings include FAM guidance information  808  providing confirmation that, for the user currently using the computing device  800 , the particular products are part of their FAM therapy. The user interface additionally includes FAM guidance information  812  that provides a link to FAM recipes that use the products  804 - 805  are part of the user&#39;s FAM therapy (in this example the product  806  is not part of the FAM therapy). An example FAM recipe interface is described below with regard to  FIGS. 9A-B . The user interface additionally include FAM incentive information  810  for each of the products  804  and  805 , which provides discounts that will be provided to the user if the product is purchased and used as part of a FAM compliant meal. The user interface additionally includes a FAM filter  802  that the user can select in order to filter the view of products on the computing device  800  to only those products that are consistent and part of the user&#39;s FAM therapy. In this example, the FAM filter  802  is not being applied, so the product  806 , which is not part of the FAM therapy, is presented. 
     Referring to  FIG. 8B , the FAM filter  802  is selected, which causes the product  806  (example not part of the FAM therapy) to be hidden and replaced by the next FAM product  814  for the user in this category of products. In this view, the user interface presents only FAM products that are consistent with the user&#39;s FAM therapy. This FAM product  814  is also presented with the FAM incentive information  810 , and the FAM guidance information (not shown). 
       FIGS. 9A-B  are screenshots of an example user interface on a client computing device  900  for providing FAM therapy guidance to a patient through recipe-based product guidance. The user computing device  900  can be similar to the other user computing devices described throughout this document. The user interfaces that are depicted in  FIGS. 9A-B  can be presented, for example, as part of the systems  700  and  750 , such as at steps  722  and  764 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 9A , the a FAM recipe for the user is presented with ingredients  902 , directions  904 , FAM incentive information  906 , and a selectable interface element  908  (e.g., selectable button, link) through which the user can order all (or some) of the ingredients for the recipe. 
     Referring to  FIG. 9B , in response to selection of the element  908 , products  910  corresponding to the ingredients  902  (in sufficient quantities to satisfy the recipe requirements) are populated into an order (e.g., electronic shopping cart). The products  910  in this example are shown with prices and options to deselect one or more of the products, such as in instances where the user already has those ingredients at his/her house. The total  912  for the products to purchased, the FAM incentive  914  are shown, and a selectable element  916  to proceed with ordering the entire recipe are shown. 
       FIG. 10  is a conceptual diagram of an example system  1000  for determining whether a patient has complied with FAM therapy and whether incentives can be awarded to the patient. The example system  1000  includes a functionalized FAM computer system  1002  (similar to the functionalized FAM computer systems  102 ,  202 ,  302 ,  502 ,  702 ), a user device  1004  (similar to the user devices  236 ,  344 ,  504 ,  704 ), and insurer  1020  (similar to the insurers discussed above). 
     In this example, the functionalized computer system  1002  provides recipes that are available for FAM incentives to the user device  1004  (step A,  1008 ), which are output by the app  1006  and selected by the user (step B,  1010 ). Selection of an incentive can prompt the user to take a picture of the completed recipe (step C,  1012 ), in response to which the app  1006  can transmit the picture to the functionalized computer system  1002  (step D,  1014 ). The functionalized computer system  1002  can perform image analysis on the picture to determine whether the item depicted in the picture is likely to be the dish resulting from cooking the selected recipe with the incentive (step E,  1016 ). Any of a variety of techniques can be used, such as image comparison operations using machine learning models trained on a variety of different dishes cooked by a variety of different users and photographed in a variety of different environments. The functionalized computer system  1002  can determine, based on the image analysis, whether to award the FAM incentive for the user action (following the recipe), as indicated by the verifiable evidence (picture of the dish) (step F,  1018 ). If the functionalized computer system  1002  determines the user has complied with the FAM incentive, the functionalized computer system  1002  can transmit the confirmation to the insurer  1020  (step G,  1022 ), which can then provide the incentive to the user (step H,  1024 ). 
       FIG. 11  is a conceptual diagram of an example system  1100  for determining whether a patient has complied with FAM therapy and whether incentives can be awarded to the patient. The example system  1100  includes a functionalized FAM computer system  1102  (similar to the functionalized FAM computer systems  102 ,  202 ,  302 ,  502 ,  702 ,  1102 ), a user device  1104  (similar to the user devices  236 ,  344 ,  504 ,  704 ,  1004 ), and insurer  1120  (similar to the insurers discussed above). 
     In this example, the functionalized computer system  1102  provides recipes that are available for FAM incentives to the user device  1104  (step A,  1108 ), which are output by the app  1106  and selected by the user (step B,  1110 ). Selection of a recipe with an incentive can prompt the app  1106  to provide step-by-step directions for performing the recipe, some of which may be confirmed and prompted by the user when the user is ready for the next step (step C,  1112 ). The app  1106  can record observations during the performance of the recipe by the user, such as timing between steps, ambient sounds, speech in the background, and/or other signals (step C,  1012 ). Upon completion of the step-by-step direction, the app  1006  can transmit the observations to the functionalized computer system  1102  (step D,  1114 ). The functionalized computer system  1102  can perform analysis on the recorded observations to determine whether the observations are consistent with the user having actually made recipe associated with the incentive (step E,  1116 ). Any of a variety of techniques can be used, such as evaluating timing between steps relative to a range of expected time intervals, the total duration of time taken to complete the recipe relative to a range of expected durations, ambient noises consistent with the physical actions required of the user to perform steps (e.g., whisk egg, blend products). The functionalized computer system  1102  can determine, based on the observation analysis, whether to award the FAM incentive for the user action (following the recipe), as indicated by the verifiable evidence (observations during the steps performed) (step F,  1118 ). If the functionalized computer system  1102  determines the user has complied with the FAM incentive, the functionalized computer system  10102  can transmit the confirmation to the insurer  1120  (step G,  1122 ), which can then provide the incentive to the user (step H,  1124 ). 
     Additionally and/or alternatively, the functionalized FAM computer systems described throughout this document can use ICD10 codes for social determinants to provide FAM-related services. For example, a patient who has had an ICD10 social determinant code designated in his/her medical records can receive specialized FAM therapies that are consistent with and treat the ICD10 code, which can be provided according to the systems, techniques, and devices described throughout this document. 
     Additionally and/or alternatively, the functionalized FAM computer systems described throughout this document can provide, as part of the FAM therapies, prepared and delivered meals to patients, such as to the elderly and/or other patients with mobility issues. 
       FIG. 12  is a block diagram of computing devices  1200 ,  1250  that may be used to implement the systems and methods described in this document, as either a client or as a server or plurality of servers. Computing device  1200  is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptops, desktops, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframes, and other appropriate computers. Computing device  1250  is intended to represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants, cellular telephones, smartphones, and other similar computing devices. The components shown here, their connections and relationships, and their functions, are meant to be examples only, and are not meant to limit implementations described and/or claimed in this document. 
     Computing device  1200  includes a processor  1202 , memory  1204 , a storage device  1206 , a high-speed interface  1208  connecting to memory  1204  and high-speed expansion ports  1210 , and a low speed interface  1212  connecting to low speed bus  1214  and storage device  1206 . Each of the components  1202 ,  1204 ,  1206 ,  1208 ,  1210 , and  1212 , are interconnected using various buses, and may be mounted on a common motherboard or in other manners as appropriate. The processor  1202  can process instructions for execution within the computing device  1200 , including instructions stored in the memory  1204  or on the storage device  1206  to display graphical information for a GUI on an external input/output device, such as display  1216  coupled to high-speed interface  1208 . In other implementations, multiple processors and/or multiple buses may be used, as appropriate, along with multiple memories and types of memory. Also, multiple computing devices  1200  may be connected, with each device providing portions of the necessary operations (e.g., as a server bank, a group of blade servers, or a multi-processor system). 
     The memory  1204  stores information within the computing device  1200 . In one implementation, the memory  1204  is a volatile memory unit or units. In another implementation, the memory  1204  is a non-volatile memory unit or units. The memory  1204  may also be another form of computer-readable medium, such as a magnetic or optical disk. 
     The storage device  1206  is capable of providing mass storage for the computing device  1200 . In one implementation, the storage device  1206  may be or contain a computer-readable medium, such as a floppy disk device, a hard disk device, an optical disk device, or a tape device, a flash memory or other similar solid state memory device, or an array of devices, including devices in a storage area network or other configurations. A computer program product can be tangibly embodied in an information carrier. The computer program product may also contain instructions that, when executed, perform one or more methods, such as those described above. The information carrier is a computer- or machine-readable medium, such as the memory  1204 , the storage device  1206 , or memory on processor  1202 . 
     The high-speed controller  1208  manages bandwidth-intensive operations for the computing device  1200 , while the low speed controller  1212  manages lower bandwidth-intensive operations. Such allocation of functions is an example only. In one implementation, the high-speed controller  1208  is coupled to memory  1204 , display  1216  (e.g., through a graphics processor or accelerator), and to high-speed expansion ports  1210 , which may accept various expansion cards (not shown). In the implementation, low-speed controller  1212  is coupled to storage device  1206  and low-speed expansion port  1214 . The low-speed expansion port, which may include various communication ports (e.g., USB, Bluetooth, Ethernet, wireless Ethernet) may be coupled to one or more input/output devices, such as a keyboard, a pointing device, a scanner, or a networking device such as a switch or router, e.g., through a network adapter. 
     The computing device  1200  may be implemented in a number of different forms, as shown in the figure. For example, it may be implemented as a standard server  1220 , or multiple times in a group of such servers. It may also be implemented as part of a rack server system  1224 . In addition, it may be implemented in a personal computer such as a laptop computer  1222 . Alternatively, components from computing device  1200  may be combined with other components in a mobile device (not shown), such as device  1250 . Each of such devices may contain one or more of computing device  1200 ,  1250 , and an entire system may be made up of multiple computing devices  1200 ,  1250  communicating with each other. 
     Computing device  1250  includes a processor  1252 , memory  1264 , an input/output device such as a display  1254 , a communication interface  1266 , and a transceiver  1268 , among other components. The device  1250  may also be provided with a storage device, such as a microdrive or other device, to provide additional storage. Each of the components  1250 ,  1252 ,  1264 ,  1254 ,  1266 , and  1268 , are interconnected using various buses, and several of the components may be mounted on a common motherboard or in other manners as appropriate. 
     The processor  1252  can execute instructions within the computing device  1250 , including instructions stored in the memory  1264 . The processor may be implemented as a chipset of chips that include separate and multiple analog and digital processors. Additionally, the processor may be implemented using any of a number of architectures. For example, the processor may be a CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computers) processor, a RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) processor, or a MISC (Minimal Instruction Set Computer) processor. The processor may provide, for example, for coordination of the other components of the device  1250 , such as control of user interfaces, applications run by device  1250 , and wireless communication by device  1250 . 
     Processor  1252  may communicate with a user through control interface  1258  and display interface  1256  coupled to a display  1254 . The display  1254  may be, for example, a TFT (Thin-Film-Transistor Liquid Crystal Display) display or an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) display, or other appropriate display technology. The display interface  1256  may comprise appropriate circuitry for driving the display  1254  to present graphical and other information to a user. The control interface  1258  may receive commands from a user and convert them for submission to the processor  1252 . In addition, an external interface  1262  may be provide in communication with processor  1252 , so as to enable near area communication of device  1250  with other devices. External interface  1262  may provided, for example, for wired communication in some implementations, or for wireless communication in other implementations, and multiple interfaces may also be used. 
     The memory  1264  stores information within the computing device  1250 . The memory  1264  can be implemented as one or more of a computer-readable medium or media, a volatile memory unit or units, or a non-volatile memory unit or units. Expansion memory  1274  may also be provided and connected to device  1250  through expansion interface  1272 , which may include, for example, a SIMM (Single In Line Memory Module) card interface. Such expansion memory  1274  may provide extra storage space for device  1250 , or may also store applications or other information for device  1250 . Specifically, expansion memory  1274  may include instructions to carry out or supplement the processes described above, and may include secure information also. Thus, for example, expansion memory  1274  may be provide as a security module for device  1250 , and may be programmed with instructions that permit secure use of device  1250 . In addition, secure applications may be provided via the SIMM cards, along with additional information, such as placing identifying information on the SIMM card in a non-hackable manner. 
     The memory may include, for example, flash memory and/or NVRAM memory, as discussed below. In one implementation, a computer program product is tangibly embodied in an information carrier. The computer program product contains instructions that, when executed, perform one or more methods, such as those described above. The information carrier is a computer- or machine-readable medium, such as the memory  1264 , expansion memory  1274 , or memory on processor  1252  that may be received, for example, over transceiver  1268  or external interface  1262 . 
     Device  1250  may communicate wirelessly through communication interface  1266 , which may include digital signal processing circuitry where necessary. Communication interface  1266  may provide for communications under various modes or protocols, such as GSM voice calls, SMS, EMS, or MMS messaging, CDMA, TDMA, PDC, WCDMA, CDMA2000, or GPRS, among others. Such communication may occur, for example, through radio-frequency transceiver  1268 . In addition, short-range communication may occur, such as using a Bluetooth, WiFi, or other such transceiver (not shown). In addition, GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver module  1270  may provide additional navigation- and location-related wireless data to device  1250 , which may be used as appropriate by applications running on device  1250 . 
     Device  1250  may also communicate audibly using audio codec  1260 , which may receive spoken information from a user and convert it to usable digital information. Audio codec  1260  may likewise generate audible sound for a user, such as through a speaker, e.g., in a handset of device  1250 . Such sound may include sound from voice telephone calls, may include recorded sound (e.g., voice messages, music files, etc.) and may also include sound generated by applications operating on device  1250 . 
     The computing device  1250  may be implemented in a number of different forms, as shown in the figure. For example, it may be implemented as a cellular telephone  1280 . It may also be implemented as part of a smartphone  1282 , personal digital assistant, or other similar mobile device. 
     Additionally computing device  1200  or  1250  can include Universal Serial Bus (USB) flash drives. The USB flash drives may store operating systems and other applications. The USB flash drives can include input/output components, such as a wireless transmitter or USB connector that may be inserted into a USB port of another computing device. 
     Various implementations of the systems and techniques described here can be realized in digital electronic circuitry, integrated circuitry, specially designed ASICs (application specific integrated circuits), computer hardware, firmware, software, and/or combinations thereof. These various implementations can include implementation in one or more computer programs that are executable and/or interpretable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be special or general purpose, coupled to receive data and instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device 
     These computer programs (also known as programs, software, software applications or code) include machine instructions for a programmable processor, and can be implemented in a high-level procedural and/or object-oriented programming language, and/or in assembly/machine language. As used herein, the terms “machine-readable medium” “computer-readable medium” refers to any computer program product, apparatus and/or device (e.g., magnetic discs, optical disks, memory, Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs)) used to provide machine instructions and/or data to a programmable processor, including a machine-readable medium that receives machine instructions as a machine-readable signal. The term “machine-readable signal” refers to any signal used to provide machine instructions and/or data to a programmable processor. 
     To provide for interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described here can be implemented on a computer having a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device (e.g., a mouse or a trackball) by which the user can provide input to the computer. Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interaction with a user as well; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input. 
     The systems and techniques described here can be implemented in a computing system that includes a back end component (e.g., as a data server), or that includes a middleware component (e.g., an application server), or that includes a front end component (e.g., a client computer having a graphical user interface or a Web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation of the systems and techniques described here), or any combination of such back end, middleware, or front end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include a local area network (“LAN”), a wide area network (“WAN”), peer-to-peer networks (having ad-hoc or static members), grid computing infrastructures, and the Internet. 
     The computing system can include clients and servers. A client and server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other. 
     While this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any inventions or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular implementations of particular inventions. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate implementations can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable sub-combination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a sub-combination or variation of a sub-combination. 
     Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the implementations described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all implementations, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products. 
     Thus, particular implementations of the subject matter have been described. Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In certain implementations, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous.