Patent Publication Number: US-2010119467-A1

Title: Eyelash makeup composition and conditioning kit

Description:
REFERENCE TO PRIOR APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/104,297, filed Oct. 10, 2008; and to French patent application 08 56546, filed Sep. 30, 2008, both incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a composition for making up or caring for keratin fibres (such as the eyelashes, the eyebrows or the hair), comprising a continuous aqueous phase, at least one compound chosen from copolymers comprising at least one alkene monomer, at least one polar wax, and at least one particular surfactant. 
     The invention is preferably in the form of a mascara or an eyebrow product. More especially, the invention relates to a mascara. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The term “mascara” as used herein means a composition intended to be, and suitable for being, applied to keratin fibres: it may be a keratin fibre makeup composition, a keratin fibre makeup base, or base coat, a composition to be applied over a mascara, also known as a top coat, or a cosmetic composition for treating keratin fibres. The mascara is more particularly intended for human keratin fibres, but also for false eyelashes. 
     Eye makeup compositions, also known as “mascaras” for the eyelashes, generally consist of a wax or a mixture of waxes dispersed using at least one surfactant in an aqueous phase also containing polymers and pigments. 
     It is generally by means of the qualitative and quantitative choice of the waxes and polymers that the desired application specificities for makeup compositions are adjusted, for instance their fluidity, their covering power and/or their curling power. Thus, it is possible to produce various compositions, which, when applied especially to the eyelashes, induce a variety of effects such as lengthening, curling and/or thickening (charging effect). 
     The present invention is more particularly directed towards providing a composition that is useful for producing a heavy makeup result on keratin fibres and especially the eyelashes, which is also known as charging makeup. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “keratin fibres” covers the hair, the eyelashes and the eyebrows and also extends to synthetic wigs and false eyelashes. 
     With the makeup compositions that are currently available, this effect is generally obtained by superimposing several coats of the makeup composition onto the keratin fibres and more particularly the eyelashes. Moreover, in the particular case of the eyelashes, this effect is very often associated with an aggregation of several eyelashes together, i.e. a non-individualization of the eyelashes. 
     To do this, certain makeup compositions have been proposed, which have a concentration of solids sufficient to significantly charge the eyelashes from their very first contact with the compositions. However, such compositions may become too thick on application and may no longer have the deformability necessary to enable them to be applied uniformly over the entire surface of the eyelashes. 
     In addition, such compositions are not ideal in terms of pleasantness and comfort on application: they occasionally have a dragging and dry aspect during application. 
     For obvious reasons, it would be advantageous to obtain a composition that simultaneously offers an immediate charging effect, sufficient consistency and good slipperiness thus without a dragging or dry sensation when applied, especially with a brush. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The inventors have discovered that the properties described above are obtained by using a composition comprising a continuous aqueous phase, at least one compound chosen from copolymers comprising at least one alkene monomer, at least one polar wax and at least one ionic surfactant present in the aqueous phase in salt form. 
     More specifically, one subject of the invention is a composition, preferably a non-therapeutic cosmetic composition, preferably suitable for making up or caring for keratin fibres, comprising a continuous aqueous phase, at least one compound chosen from copolymers comprising at least one alkene monomer, at least one polar wax and at least one ionic surfactant present in the aqueous phase in salt form. 
     A subject of the present invention is also a process for making up or caring for keratin fibres, comprising the application to the keratin fibres of a composition according to the invention. 
     A subject of the present invention is also a kit for conditioning a composition for making up and/or caring for keratin fibres, especially the eyelashes or the eyebrows, comprising: 
     i) a container delimiting at least one compartment, and 
     ii) a composition according to the invention placed inside the compartment. 
     The composition preferably comprises a physiologically acceptable medium, i.e. a non-toxic medium that may be applied to keratin fibres, such as human eyelashes, eyebrows or hair, and that is especially compatible with the area of the eyes. 
     Copolymers Comprising at Least One Alkene Monomer, in Particular Ethylene-Based Copolymers 
     The term “alkene monomer” means a hydrocarbon monomer whose linear or branched carbon-based chain contains a carbon-carbon double bond. The alkene according to the invention thus lacks heteroatoms. 
     The term “copolymer” means a polymer comprising two different monomers. 
     Such compounds may be chosen from:
         copolymers of an alkene and of vinyl acetate, preferably copolymers of ethylene and of vinyl acetate.       

     Such copolymers have the advantage of combining a low melting point, good compatibility with hydrocarbon-based waxes and good adhesion to various supports, especially keratin fibres. 
     The following copolymers may be used: vinyl acetate/octadecene or vinyl acetate/1-dodecene. 
     Copolymers of ethylene and of vinyl acetate preferably comprising between 5% and 50% by weight, preferably between 10% and 45% by weight and preferably between 20% and 40% by weight of vinyl acetate relative to the total weight of the polymer are preferably used. Increasing the content of vinyl acetate monomer in the copolymer makes it possible to increase the adhesion to keratin fibres. 
     Examples of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers that may be mentioned include those sold under the name Elvax by the company Du Pont de Nemours and in particular the compounds Elvax 40W, Elvax 140W, Elvax 200W, Elvax 205W, Elvax 210W and Elvax 310. 
     The products sold under the name Evatane by the company Arkema, such as Evatane 28-800, may also be mentioned.
         linear or branched α-olefin copolymers, in particular of C 2 -C 16  and better still C 2 -C 12  α-olefin. Preferably, these copolymers are bipolymers or terpolymers and most particularly bipolymers.       

     Among the bipolymers that are recommended for the compositions of the invention, mention may be made of bipolymers of ethylene and of a C 4 -C 16  and preferably C 4 -C 12  α-olefin and bipolymers of propylene and of a C 4 -C 16  and preferably C 4 -C 12  α-olefin. More preferably, the α-olefin is chosen from 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, 1-dodecene, 3,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexene, 3-methyl-1-pentene and 4-methyl-1-pentene. 
     Among these monomers, 1-butene and 1-octene are particularly preferred. 
     The recommended bipolymers are elastomers with a degree of crystallinity ranging from 10% to 35%. 
     These bipolymers are preferentially synthesized via metallocene catalysis. 
     Such bipolymers are sold by the company Dow Chemical under the trade name Affinity (plastomers) and by the company Dupont de Nemours under the name Engage (elastomers). 
     Ethylene-butene bipolymers are sold by the company Exxon under the trade name Exact Resins and by the company Elenac under the trade name Luflexen. 
     Among the terpolymers, mention may be made of terpolymers of ethylene, propylene and a C 4 -C 16  and preferably C 4 -C 12  α-olefin. 
     In these terpolymers, the contents of C 4 -C 16  α-olefin are as indicated previously and the preferred α-olefins are butene, hexene and octene. 
     The preferred copolymers, described in patent application EP-A-1 034 776, may in particular be copolymers of ethylene and octene, for instance the products sold under the reference Affinity by the company Dow Plastics, for instance Affinity GA 1900 GA 1950;
         copolymers of ethylene or propylene and of a cycloolefin, in particular bipolymers.       

     Generally, the cycloolefin content of the copolymers is less than 20 mol %. 
     Among the cycloolefins that may be used, mention may be made of cyclobutene, cyclohexene, cyclooctadiene, norbornene, dimethanooctahydronaphthalene (DMON), ethylidenenorbornene, vinylnorbornene and 4-vinylcyclohexene. 
     The recommended copolymers of this class are copolymers of ethylene and of norbornene. The norbornene content of these copolymers is generally less than 18 mol % to have the required crystalline nature, and these copolymers are synthesized via metallocene catalysis. 
     Suitable ethylene/norbornene copolymers are sold by the companies Mitsui Petrochemical or Mitsui-Sekka under the trade name Apel and by the company Hoechst-Celanese under the trade name Topas.
         copolymers containing styrene blocks (diblock, triblock, multi-block, radial or star) and containing ethylene/C3-C4 alkylene blocks.       

     As diblock copolymers, which are preferably hydrogenated, mention may be made of styrene-ethylene/propylene copolymers and styrene-ethylene/butadiene copolymers. Diblock polymers are especially sold under the name Kraton® G1701E by the company Kraton Polymers. 
     As triblock copolymers, which are preferably hydrogenated, mention may be made of styrene-ethylene/propylene-styrene copolymers, styrene-ethylene/butadiene-styrene copolymers, styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymers and styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymers. Triblock polymers are especially sold under the names Kraton® G1650, Kraton® G1652, Kraton® D1101, Kraton® D1102 and Kraton® D1160 by the company Kraton Polymers. 
     A mixture of hydrogenated styrene-butylene/ethylene-styrene triblock copolymer and of hydrogenated ethylene-propylene-styrene star polymer may also be used, such a mixture especially being in isododecane. Such mixtures are sold, for example, by the company Penreco under the trade names Versagel® M5960 and Versagel® M5670.
         and mixtures thereof.       

     These copolymers make it possible to thicken the fatty phase, in particular to thicken the waxy mixture at a temperature above the melting point of the waxes. This thickening of the fatty phase allows more efficient emulsification in the presence of the ionic surfactant present in the aqueous phase. This high viscosity also makes it possible to have very good dispersion of the pigments at elevated temperature in the fatty phase and to obtain a very good intensity of colour of the formulation. 
     To achieve effective thickening of the fatty phase, these copolymers preferably have a weight-average molecular mass Mw, expressed as polystyrene equivalents, of greater than 30 000 daltons, preferably greater than 50 000 daltons and even more preferentially greater than 60 000 daltons including 40,000, 50,000, 70,000, 80,000, 90,000, 100,000, 120,000, 150,000, 175,000, 190,000, 220,000, 240,000, 275,000, and 290,000. 
     The weight-average molecular mass Mw is advantageously chosen between 30 000 and 300 000 daltons and preferably between 50 000 and 200 000 daltons, including all subranges and values between these endpoints. 
     These copolymers may be used alone or as a mixture with at least one compound chosen from tackifying resins as described in the Handbook of Pressure Sensitive Adhesives, edited by Donatas Satas, 3rd edition, 1989, pp. 609-619, waxes as described later, and combinations thereof. The tackifying resins may be chosen especially from rosin, rosin derivatives and hydrocarbon-based resins, and mixtures thereof. Mention may be made in particular of indene-based hydrocarbon-based resins such as resins derived from the polymerization in major proportion of indene monomer and in minor proportion of monomers chosen from styrene, methylindene and methylstyrene, and mixtures thereof. These resins may optionally be hydrogenated. They may have a molecular weight ranging from 290 to 1150. Examples of indene-based resins that may be mentioned in particular include the indene/methyl-styrene/hydrogenated styrene copolymers sold under the name Regalite by the company Eastman Chemical, in particular Regalite R 1100, Regalite R 1090, Regalite R-7100, Regalite R1010 Hydrocarbon Resin and Regalite R1125 Hydrocarbon Resin. 
     As mixtures based on ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, examples that may be mentioned include the products sold under the name Coolbind by the company National Starch. 
     Preferably, these copolymers are present in the composition in a solids content of greater than or equal to 0.5% by weight, preferably greater than or equal to 0.7% by weight, even better greater than or equal to 0.8% by weight and preferably greater than or equal to 1% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. 
     Preferably, these copolymers are present in the composition in a solids content of between 0.5% and 20% by weight and preferably between 1% and 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. This concentration range makes it possible to obtain significant thickening of the fatty phase while remaining readily manipulable. 
     These copolymers may be in pure form or may be conveyed in an aqueous phase or an organic solvent phase. 
     Continuous Aqueous Phase 
     The composition according to the invention comprises an aqueous medium, constituting an aqueous phase, which forms the continuous phase of the composition. The aqueous phase of the composition according to the invention is thus a continuous aqueous phase. 
     The term “composition with a continuous aqueous phase” means that the composition has a conductivity, measured at 25° C., of greater than 23 μS/cm (microSiemens/cm), the conductivity being measured, for example, using an MPC227 conductimeter from Mettler Toledo and an Inlab 730 conductivity measuring cell. The measuring cell is immersed in the composition so as to remove the air bubbles liable to form between the two electrodes of the cell. The conductivity reading is taken as soon as the conductimeter value has stabilized. A mean of at least three successive measurements is determined. 
     The aqueous phase may consist of, consist essentially of, or comprise water; it may also comprise a mixture of water and of water-miscible solvent(s) (miscibility in water of greater than 50% by weight at 25° C.), for instance lower monoalcohols containing from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, such as ethanol or isopropanol, glycols containing from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, such as propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol and dipropylene glycol, C 3 -C 4  ketones and C 2 -C 4  aldehydes, and mixtures thereof. 
     Preferably, the aqueous phase (water and optionally the water-miscible solvent) is present in a content at least equal to 30% by weight, preferably at least equal to 40% by weight and preferably at least equal to 45% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. 
     Preferably, the aqueous phase (water and optionally the water-miscible solvent) is present in a content of between 30% and 90% by weight, preferably between 40% and 80% by weight and preferably between 45% and 70% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. 
     Ionic Surfactant Present in the Aqueous Phase in Salt Form (or in Salified Form) 
     The compositions according to the invention comprise at least one ionic surfactant present in the aqueous phase in salt form. Such a surfactant is present in entirely salified form following neutralization with a strong base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. 
     This surfactant may be present especially in a proportion ranging from 0.1% to 20% and better still from 0.3% to 15% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. 
     The term “ionic surfactant present in the aqueous phase in salt form” means an ionic surfactant present in ionized form in the continuous aqueous medium (water and optionally water-miscible solvent). 
     Such a surfactant is especially different from stearic acid/triethanolamine and stearic acid/2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol systems, which involves in situ mixing in the composition of the stearic acid present in the fatty phase with the triethanolamine or the 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (in non-salified form) present in the aqueous phase, in order partially to form triethanolamine stearate or 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol stearate. 
     Such a surfactant enables more efficient emulsification at high temperature of the copolymer comprising at least one alkene monomer. 
     According to the invention, an emulsifier appropriately chosen to obtain an oil-in-water emulsion is generally used. In particular, an emulsifier having at 25° C. an HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance), in the Griffin sense, of greater than or equal to 8 may be used. 
     The HLB value according to Griffin is defined in J. Soc. Cosm. Chem. 1954 (volume 5), pages 249-256. 
     These surfactants may be chosen from anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants or emulsifying surfactants. Reference may be made to the document “Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Kirk-Othmer”, volume 22, pp. 333-432, 3rd edition, 1979, Wiley, for the definition of the properties and (emulsifying) functions of surfactants, in particular pp. 347-377 of this reference, for anionic and amphoteric surfactants. 
     The ionic surfactants present in salt form in the aqueous phase according to the invention are chosen from: 
     a) anionic surfactants such as:
         polyoxyethylenated fatty acid salts, especially those derived from alkali metal salts, and mixtures thereof;
           phosphoric esters and salts thereof, such as “DEA oleth-10 phosphate” (Crodafos N 10N from the company Croda) or monocetyl monopotassium phosphate (Amphisol K from Givaudan);   sulfosuccinates such as “Disodium PEG-5 citrate lauryl sulfosuccinate” and “Disodium ricinoleamido MEA sulfosuccinate”;   alkyl ether sulfates, such as sodium lauryl ether sulfate;   isethionates;   acylglutamates such as “Disodium hydrogenated tallow glutamate” (Amisoft HS-21 R® sold by the company Ajinomoto) and sodium stearoyl glutamate (Amisoft HS-11 PF® sold by the company Ajinomoto), and mixtures thereof;   soybean derivatives, for instance potassium soyate;   
           citrates, for instance glyceryl stearate citrate (Axol C 62 Pellets from Degussa);
           proline derivatives, for instance sodium palmitoyl proline (Sepicalm VG from SEPPIC) or the mixture of sodium palmitoyl sarcosinate, magnesium palmitoyl glutamate, palmitic acid and palmitoyl proline (Sepifeel One from SEPPIC);   lactylates, for instance sodium stearoyl lactylate (Akoline SL from Karlshamns AB);   
           sarcosinates, for instance sodium palmitoyl sarcosinate (Nikkol sarcosinate PN) or the 75/25 mixture of stearoyl sarcosine and myristoyl sarcosine (Crodasin SM from Croda);   sulfonates, for instance sodium C 14 -C 17  alkyl sec sulfonate (Hostapur SAS 60 from Clariant);   glycinates, for instance sodium cocoyl glycinate (Amilite GCS-12 from Ajinomoto);       

     b) amphoteric surfactants, for instance N-acylamino acids such as N-alkylaminoacetates and disodium cocoamphodiacetate, and amine oxides such as stearamine oxide, or alternatively silicone surfactants, for instance dimethicone copolyol phosphates such as the product sold under the name Pecosil PS 100® by the company Phoenix Chemical. 
     Additional Surfactants 
     The emulsifying system may also contain at least one additional surfactant appropriately chosen so as to obtain a wax-in-water or oil-in-water emulsion. 
     In particular, an emulsifier having at 25° C. an HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance), in the Griffin sense, of greater than or equal to 8 may be used. 
     These additional surfactants may be chosen from nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants or emulsifying surfactants. Reference may be made to Kirk-Othmer&#39;s “Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology”, volume 22, pp. 333-432, 3rd edition, 1979, Wiley, for the definition of the properties and (emulsifying) functions of surfactants, in particular pp. 347-377 of this reference, for anionic, amphoteric and nonionic surfactants. 
     These additional surfactants may be preferentially chosen from: 
     a) nonionic surfactants with an HLB of greater than or equal to 8 at 25° C., used alone or as a mixture; mention may be made especially of: 
     saccharide esters and ethers such as the mixture of cetylstearyl glucoside and of cetyl and stearyl alcohols, for instance Montanov 68 from SEPPIC; 
     oxyethylenated and/or oxypropylenated ethers (which may comprise from 1 to 150 oxyethylene and/or oxypropylene groups) of glycerol; 
     oxyethylenated and/or oxypropylenated ethers (which may comprise from 1 to 150 oxyethylene and/or oxypropylene groups) of fatty alcohols (especially of C8-C24 and preferably C12-C18 alcohol), such as oxyethylenated stearyl alcohol ether containing 30 oxyethylene groups (CTFA name Steareth-30), oxyethylenated cetearyl alcohol ether containing 20 oxyethylene groups (CTFA name Ceteareth-20) and the oxyethylenated ether of the mixture of C12-C15 fatty alcohols comprising 7 oxyethylene groups (CTFA name C12-15 Pareth-7) sold under the name Neodol 25-7® by Shell Chemicals; 
     fatty acid esters (especially of a C8-C24 and preferably C16-C22 acid) of polyethylene glycol (which may comprise from 1 to 150 ethylene glycol units), such as PEG-50 stearate and PEG-40 monostearate sold under the name Myrj 52P® by the company ICI Uniqema; 
     fatty acid esters (especially of a C8-C24 and preferably C16-C22 acid) of oxyethylenated and/or oxypropylenated glyceryl ethers (which may comprise from 1 to 150 oxyethylene and/or oxypropylene groups), for instance PEG-200 glyceryl monostearate sold under by the company SEPPIC; glyceryl stearate polyethoxylated with 30 ethylene oxide groups, for instance the product Tagat S® sold by the company Goldschmidt, glyceryl oleate polyethoxylated with 30 ethylene oxide groups, for instance the product Tagat O® sold by the company Goldschmidt, glyceryl cocoate polyethoxylated with 30 ethylene oxide groups, for instance the product Varionic LI 13® sold by the company Sherex, glyceryl isostearate polyethoxylated with 30 ethylene oxide groups, for instance the product Tagat L® sold by the company Goldschmidt, and glyceryl laurate polyethoxylated with 30 ethylene oxide groups, for instance the product Tagat I® from the company Goldschmidt; 
     fatty acid esters (especially of a C8-C24 and preferably C16-C22 acid) of oxyethylenated and/or oxypropylenated sorbitol ethers (which may comprise from 1 to 150 oxyethylene and/or oxypropylene groups), for instance polysorbate 20 sold under the name Tween 20® by the company Croda, and polysorbate 60 sold under the name Tween 60® by the company Croda; 
     dimethicone copolyol, such as the product sold under the name Q2-5220® by the company Dow Corning; 
     dimethicone copolyol benzoate (Finsolv SLB 101® and 201® by the company Finetex); 
     copolymers of propylene oxide and of ethylene oxide, also known as EO/PO polycondensates; 
     and mixtures thereof. 
     The EO/PO polycondensates are more particularly copolymers consisting of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol blocks, for instance polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol/polyethylene glycol triblock polycondensates. These triblock polycondensates have, for example, the following chemical structure: 
       H—(O—CH 2 —CH 2 ) a —(O—CH(CH 3 )—CH 2 ) b —(O—CH 2 —CH 2 ) a —OH, 
     in which formula a ranges from 2 to 120 and b ranges from 1 to 100. 
     The EO/PO polycondensate preferably has a weight-average molecular weight ranging from 1000 to 15 000 and better still ranging from 2000 to 13 000. Advantageously, the EO/PO polycondensate has a cloud point, at 10 g/l in distilled water, of greater than or equal to 20° C. and preferably greater than or equal to 60° C. The cloud point is measured according to ISO standard 1065. As BO/PO polycondensates that may be used according to the invention, mention may be made of the polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol/polyethylene glycol triblock polycondensates sold under the name Synperonic®, for instance Synperonic PE/L44® and Synperonic PE/F127®, by the company ICI. 
     b) nonionic surfactants with an HLB of less than 8 at 25° C., optionally combined with one or more nonionic surfactants with an HLB of greater than 8 at 25° C., such as those mentioned above, such as: 
     saccharide esters and ethers, such as sucrose stearate, sucrose cocoate and sorbitan stearate, and mixtures thereof, for instance Arlatone 2121® sold by the company ICI; 
     oxyethylenated and/or oxypropylenated ethers (which may comprise from 1 to 150 oxyethylene and/or oxypropylene groups) of fatty alcohols (especially of a C8-C24 and preferably C12-C18 alcohol) such as the oxyethylenated ether of stearyl alcohol containing two oxyethylene groups (CTFA name: Steareth-2); 
     fatty acid esters (especially of a C8-C24 and preferably C16-C22 acid) of polyols, especially of glycerol or of sorbitol, such as glyceryl stearate, glyceryl stearate such as the product sold under the name Tegin M® by the company Goldschmidt, glyceryl laurate such as the product sold under the name Imwitor 312® by the company Hüls, polyglyceryl-2 stearate, sorbitan tristearate or glyceryl ricinoleate; 
     lecithins, such as soybean lecithins (for instance Emulmetik 100 J from Cargill, or Biophilic H from Lucas Meyer); 
     the mixture of cyclomethicone/dimethicone copolyol sold under the name of Q2-3225C® by the company Dow Corning, 
     c) anionic surfactants such as: 
     C 16 -C 30  fatty acid salts, especially those derived from amines, for instance triethanolamine stearate and/or 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol stearate; but preferably, the composition according to the present patent application comprises less than 1% of triethanolamine stearate and less than 1% of 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol stearate. 
     The surfactant that may be used may also be a polymeric surfactant, especially a heat-gelling polymer. 
     According to one embodiment, the cosmetic composition according to the present patent application comprises less than 1% and preferably less than 0.5% by weight of triethanolamine, and better still is free of triethanolamine. According to another embodiment, the cosmetic composition according to the present patent application comprises less than 1% and preferably less than 0.5% by weight of 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, and better still is free of 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol. 
     According to one variant, the cosmetic composition according to the present patent application comprises less than 1% and preferably less than 0.5% by weight of triethanolamine stearate, and better still is free of triethanolamine stearate. According to another variant, the cosmetic composition according to the present patent application comprises less than 1% and preferably less than 0.5% by weight of 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol stearate, and better still is free of 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol stearate. 
     According to one embodiment, the composition also comprises a co-surfactant chosen from fatty alcohols, preferably containing from 10 to 30 carbon atoms. The expression “fatty alcohol containing from 10 to 30 carbon atoms” means any saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched pure fatty alcohol containing from 10 to 30 carbon atoms. 
     A fatty alcohol containing from 10 to 26 carbon atoms, better still from 10 to 24 carbon atoms and even better still from 14 to 22 carbon atoms is preferably used. 
     As fatty alcohols that may be used in the composition, mention may be made especially of lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol (mixture of cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol), behenyl alcohol and erucyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof. Cetyl alcohol is preferably used. 
     Such fatty alcohols are especially sold under the name Nafol by the company Sasol. 
     The fatty alcohol may be present in a content ranging from 0.2% to 20% by weight and preferably from 0.3% to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. 
     Preferably, the composition comprises the following surfactant system:
         at least one phosphoric ester salt as ionic surfactant present in the aqueous phase in salt form;
           at least one oxyethylenated and/or oxypropylenated ether, which may comprise from 1 to 150 oxyethylene and/or oxypropylene groups, of a C12-C18 fatty alcohol, with an HLB of greater than 8 at 25° C.;   at least one oxyethylenated and/or oxypropylenated ether, which may comprise from 1 to 150 oxyethylene and/or oxypropylene groups, of a C12-C18 fatty alcohol, with an HLB of less than 8 at 25° C.;   
           and optionally at least one fatty alcohol containing from 14 to 22 carbon atoms,       

     as main surfactant system of the composition. 
     The term “main surfactant system” means a system which, in its absence, does not lead to the formation of a stable composition. 
     The term “stable” means a composition which, after having been placed in an oven at 45° C. for two months, does not have, after returning to room temperature, any grains perceptible to the touch when a thin layer of the composition is sheared between the fingers. 
     Advantageously, the surfactant system described above as main surfactant system is the sole surfactant system of the composition. 
     The term “sole” means that any possible additional surfactant system is present in an amount not exceeding 1% and preferably not exceeding 0.5%. More preferably, the term “sole” denotes a total absence of any other surfactant system. 
     Water-Soluble Gelling Agents 
     The composition according to the invention may comprise a water-soluble gelling agent. 
     The water-soluble gelling agents that may be used in the compositions according to the invention may be chosen from: 
     homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acids or the salts and esters thereof, and in particular the products sold under the names Versicol F® or Versicol K® by the company Allied Colloid, Ultrahold 8® by the company Ciba-Geigy, and the polyacrylic acids of Synthalen K type; 
     copolymers of acrylic acid and of acrylamide sold in the form of the sodium salt thereof under the name Reten® by the company Hercules, sodium polymethacrylate sold under the name Darvan 7® by the company Vanderbilt, and the sodium salts of polyhydroxycarboxylic acids sold under the name Hydagen F® by the company Henkel; 
     polyacrylic acid/alkyl acrylate copolymers of the Pemulen type; 
     AMPS (polyacrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid partially neutralized with ammonia and highly crosslinked) sold by the company Clariant; 
     AMPS/acrylamide copolymers of the Sepigel® or Simulgel® type, sold by the company SEPPIC, and 
     polyoxyethylenated AMPS/alkyl methacrylate copolymers (crosslinked or non-crosslinked), 
     proteins, for instance proteins of plant origin such as wheat proteins and soybean proteins; proteins of animal origin such as keratins, for example keratin hydrolysates and sulfonic keratins; 
     polymers of cellulose such as hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, and quaternized cellulose derivatives; 
     acrylic polymers or copolymers, such as polyacrylates or polymethacrylates; 
     vinyl polymers, for instance polyvinylpyrrolidones, copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and of malic anhydride, the copolymer of vinyl acetate and of crotonic acid, copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and of vinyl acetate; copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and of caprolactam; polyvinyl alcohol; 
     polymers of natural origin, which are optionally modified, such as: 
     gum arabics, guar gum, xanthan derivatives, karaya gum; 
     alginates and carrageenans; 
     glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronic acid and derivatives thereof; 
     shellac resin, sandarac gum, dammar resins, elemi gums and copal resins; 
     deoxyribonucleic acid; 
     mucopolysaccharides such as chondroitin sulfate, 
     and mixtures thereof. 
     Some of these water-soluble gelling agents may also act as film-forming polymers. 
     The water-soluble gelling polymer may be present in the composition according to the invention in a solids content ranging from 0.01% to 50% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 30% by weight, better still from 1% to 20% by weight, or even from 2% to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. 
     Polar Waxes 
     The composition according to the present patent application comprises at least one polar wax. This polar wax is essential for obtaining thick, charging textures. 
     The term “wax” means a lipophilic compound that is solid at room temperature (25° C.), which may or may not be deformable, with a solid/liquid reversible change of state, having a melting point of greater than or equal to 40° C., which may be up to 120° C. In particular, the waxes that are suitable for use in the invention may have a melting point of greater than or equal to 45° C. and in particular greater than or equal to 55° C. 
     The term “lipophilic compound” means a compound having an acid number and a hydroxyl number of less than 150 mg KOH/g. 
     For the purposes of the invention, the melting point corresponds to the temperature of the most endothermic peak observed by thermal analysis (DSC) as described in ISO standard 11357-3; 1999. The melting point of the wax may be measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), for example the calorimeter sold under the name MDSC 2920 by the company TA Instruments. 
     The measuring protocol is as follows: 
     A sample of 5 mg of wax placed in a crucible is subjected to a first temperature rise ranging from −20° C. to 100° C., at a heating rate of 10° C./minute, it is then cooled from 100° C. to −20° C. at a cooling rate of 10° C./minute and is finally subjected to a second temperature increase ranging from −20° C. to 100° C. at a heating rate of 5° C./minute. During the second temperature increase, the variation of the difference in power absorbed by the empty crucible and by the crucible containing the sample of wax is measured as a function of the temperature. The melting point of the compound is the temperature value corresponding to the top of the peak of the curve representing the variation in the difference in absorbed power as a function of the temperature. 
     The polar waxes may be hydrocarbon-based and/or fluoro waxes, and may be of plant, mineral, animal and/or synthetic origin. 
     The term “polar wax” means waxes comprising in their chemical structure, in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms, at least one highly electronegative heteroatom, such as O, N or P. 
     The polar wax may be present in a content ranging from 1% to 50% by weight, better still from 2% to 40% and even better still from 5% to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. 
     Hydrocarbon-based waxes, for instance beeswax, lanolin wax; rice wax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, ouricury wax, Japan wax, berry wax, shellac wax and sumach wax; montan wax, may especially be used as polar wax. 
     According to one preferred embodiment, a hydrocarbon-based wax chosen from beeswax, rice bran wax and carnauba wax, and mixtures thereof, will be used. 
     The waxes obtained by catalytic hydrogenation of animal or plant oils containing linear or branched C8-C32 fatty chains, may also be mentioned. 
     Among these oils, mention may be made especially of hydrogenated jojoba oil, hydrogenated sunflower oil, hydrogenated castor oil, hydrogenated coconut oil and hydrogenated lanolin oil, bis(1,1,1-trimethylolpropane) tetrastearate sold under the name Hest 2T-4S by the company Heterene, and bis(1,1,1-trimethylolpropane) tetrabehenate sold under the name Hest 2T-4B by the company Heterene. 
     The wax obtained by hydrogenation of olive oil esterified with stearyl alcohol, sold under the name Phytowax Olive 18 L 57, or the waxes obtained by hydrogenation of castor oil esterified with cetyl alcohol, sold under the name Phytowax Ricin 16L64 and 22L73 by the company Sophim, may also be used. Such waxes are described in patent application FR-A-2 792 190. 
     Waxes obtained from the reaction of fatty acids with carbohydrates, for instance disaccharides of sucrose type, such as sucrose polybehenate, sold by Croda under the reference Cromaderm B, may also be mentioned. 
     According to one particular embodiment, the compositions according to the invention may comprise at least one “tacky” wax, i.e. a wax with a tack of greater than or equal to 0.7 N.s and a hardness of less than or equal to 3.5 MPa 
     Using a tacky wax may especially make it possible to obtain a cosmetic composition that applies easily to the eyelashes, attaches well to the eyelashes and leads to the formation of a smooth, uniform and thickening makeup result. 
     The tacky wax used may especially have a tack ranging from 0.7 N.s to 30 N.s, in particular greater than or equal to 1 N.s, especially ranging from 1 N.s to 20 N.s, in particular greater than or equal to 2N.s, especially ranging from 2 N.s to 10 N.s and in particular ranging from 2 N.s to 5 N.s. 
     The tack of the wax is determined by measuring the change in force (compression force or stretching force) as a function of time, at 20° C., using the texturometer sold under the name TA-TX21® by the company Rheo, equipped with a conical acrylic polymer spindle forming an angle of 45°. 
     The measuring protocol is as follows: 
     The wax is melted at a temperature equal to the melting point of the wax+10° C. The molten wax is poured into a container 25 mm in diameter and 20 mm deep. The wax is recrystallized at room temperature (25° C.) for 24 hours such that the surface of the wax is flat and smooth, and the wax is then stored for at least 1 hour at 20° C. before measuring the tack 
     The texturometer spindle is displaced at a speed of 0.5 mm/s then penetrates the wax to a penetration depth of 2 mm. When the spindle has penetrated the wax to a depth of 2 mm, the spindle is held still for 1 second (corresponding to the relaxation time) and is then withdrawn at a speed of 0.5 mm/s. 
     During the relaxation time, the force (compression force) decreases greatly until it becomes zero, and then, during the withdrawal of the spindle, the force (stretching force) becomes negative and then rises again to the value 0. The tack corresponds to the integral of the curve of the force as a function of time for the part of the curve corresponding to negative values of the force (stretching force). The tack value is expressed in N.s. 
     The tacky wax that may be used generally has a hardness of less than or equal to 3.5 MPa, in particular ranging from 0.01 MPa to 3.5 MPa, especially ranging from 0.05 MPa to 3 MPa or even ranging from 0.1 MPa to 2.5 MPa. 
     The hardness is determined by measuring the compression force, which is measured at 20° C. using the texturometer sold under the name TA-XT2 by the company Rheo, equipped with a stainless-steel cylinder 2 mm in diameter, travelling at a measuring speed of 0.1 mm/second, and penetrating into the wax to a penetration depth of 0.3 mm. 
     The measuring protocol is as follows: 
     The wax is melted at a temperature equal to the melting point of the wax+10° C. The molten wax is poured into a container 25 mm in diameter and 20 mm deep. The wax is recrystallized at room temperature (25° C.) for 24 hours such that the surface of the wax is flat and smooth, and the wax is then stored for at least 1 hour at 20° C. before measuring the hardness or the tack. 
     The texturometer spindle is displaced at a speed of 0.1 mm/s then penetrates the wax to a penetration depth of 0.3 mm. When the spindle has penetrated the wax to a depth of 0.3 mm, the spindle is held still for 1 second (corresponding to the relaxation time) and is then withdrawn at a speed of 0.5 mm/s. 
     The hardness value is the maximum compression force measured divided by the area of the texturometer cylinder in contact with the wax. 
     Tacky waxes that may be used include a C 20 -C 40  alkyl (hydroxystearyloxy)stearate (the alkyl group containing from 20 to 40 carbon atoms), alone or as a mixture, in particular a C 20 -C 40  alkyl 12-(12′-hydroxystearyloxy)stearate, of formula (II): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in which m is an integer ranging from 18 to 38, or a mixture of compounds of formula (II). 
     Such a wax is especially sold under the names Kester Wax K 82 P® and Kester Wax K 80 P® by the company Koster Keunen. 
     The waxes mentioned above generally have a starting melting point of less than 45° C. 
     The wax(es) may be present in the form of an aqueous microdispersion of wax. The expression “aqueous microdispersion of wax” means an aqueous dispersion of wax particles in which the size of the wax particles is less than or equal to about 1 μm. 
     Wax microdispersions are stable dispersions of colloidal wax particles, and are described especially in “Microemulsions Theory and Practice”, L. M. Prince Ed., Academic Press (1977) pages 21-32. 
     In particular, these wax microdispersions may be obtained by melting the wax in the presence of a surfactant, and optionally of a portion of water, followed by gradual addition of hot water with stirring. The intermediate formation of an emulsion of the water-in-oil type is observed, followed by a phase inversion, with final production of a microemulsion of the oil-in-water type. On cooling, a stable microdispersion of solid wax colloidal particles is obtained. 
     The wax microdispersions may also be obtained by stirring the mixture of wax, surfactant and water using stirring means such as ultrasound, high-pressure homogenizers or turbomixers. 
     The particles of the wax microdispersion preferably have mean sizes of less than 1 μm (especially ranging from 0.02 μm to 0.99 μm) and preferably less than 0.5 μm (especially ranging from 0.06 μm to 0.5 μm). 
     These particles consist essentially of a wax or a mixture of waxes. However, they may comprise a small proportion of oily and/or pasty fatty additives, a surfactant and/or a common liposoluble additive/active agent. 
     Mention may be made especially of microwaxes of synthetic wax, such as the product sold under the name MicroEase 114S® by the company MicroPowders. 
     Preferably, the polar waxes are chosen from hydrocarbon-based waxes, such as beeswax, lanolin wax; rice bran wax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, ouricury wax, Japan wax, berry wax, shellac wax and sumach wax; montan wax, hydrogenated castor oil, hydrogenated lanolin oil, waxes obtained from the reaction of fatty acids with carbohydrates, for instance disaccharides of sucrose type, such as sucrose polybehenate, sold by Croda under the reference Cromaderm B, hydroxy ester waxes, for instance C20-C40 alkyl (hydroxystearyloxy)stearate waxes such as those sold under the names Kester Wax K 82 P® and Kester Wax K 80 P® by the company Koster Keunen. 
     More preferably, the polar waxes are chosen from hydrocarbon-based waxes, for instance beeswax, rice bran wax and carnauba wax, tacky waxes, i.e. waxes with a tack of greater than or equal to 0.7 N.s and a hardness of less than or equal to 3.5 MPa, the tacky waxes preferably being hydroxy ester waxes, preferably C20-C40 alkyl (hydroxystearyloxy)stearate waxes such as those sold under the names Kester Wax K 82 P® and Kester Wax K 80 P® by the company Koster Keunen, and mixtures thereof. 
     Additional Waxes 
     The composition according to the invention may also comprise one or more additional waxes different from the polar wax listed above. Such additional waxes are apolar waxes. 
     The apolar wax under consideration in the context of the present invention satisfies the definition of a wax given above. 
     The term “apolar” means waxes not comprising in their chemical structure any highly electronegative heteroatoms, such as O, N or P. 
     The apolar waxes may be hydrocarbon-based or fluoro waxes, and may be of mineral and/or synthetic origin. 
     The apolar wax may be present in a content ranging from 1% to 50% by weight, better still from 1% to 40% and even better still from 1% to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. 
     As illustrations of apolar waxes that are suitable for use in the invention, mention may be made especially of microcrystalline waxes, paraffins and ozokerite; polyethylene waxes, the waxes obtained by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and waxy copolymers, and also esters thereof; silicone waxes and fluoro waxes. 
     According to one particular embodiment, paraffins are used as additional wax. 
     Oils 
     The composition according to the invention may also comprise one or more oils or non-aqueous fatty substances that are liquid at room temperature (25° C.) and atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg). 
     The oil may be chosen from volatile oils and/or non-volatile oils, and mixtures thereof. 
     The oil(s) may be present in the composition according to the invention in a content ranging from 0.1% to 30% by weight and preferably from 0.5% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. 
     For the purposes of the invention, the term “volatile oil” means an oil that is capable of evaporating on contact with the skin or the keratin fibre in less than one hour, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The volatile organic solvent(s) and volatile oils of the invention are volatile organic solvents and cosmetic oils that are liquid at room temperature, with a non-zero vapour pressure at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, ranging in particular from 0.13 Pa to 40 000 Pa (10 −3  to 300 mmHg), in particular ranging from 1.3 Pa to 13 000 Pa (0.01 to 100 mmHg), and more particularly ranging from 1.3 Pa to 1300 Pa (0.01 to 10 mmHg). 
     The term “non-volatile oil” means an oil that remains on the skin or the keratin fibre at room temperature and atmospheric pressure for at least several hours and that especially has a vapour pressure of less than 10 −3  mmHg (0.13 Pa). 
     These oils may be hydrocarbon-based oils, silicone oils or fluoro oils, or mixtures thereof. 
     The term “hydrocarbon-based oil” means an oil mainly containing hydrogen and carbon atoms and optionally oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus atoms. The volatile hydrocarbon-based oils may be chosen from hydrocarbon-based oils containing from 8 to 16 carbon atoms, and especially branched C 8 -C 16  alkanes, for instance C 8 -C 16  isoalkanes of petroleum origin (also known as isoparaffins), for instance isododecane (also known as 2,2,4,4,6-pentamethylheptane), isodecane and isohexadecane, for example the oils sold under the trade names Isopar or Permethyl, branched C 8 -C 16  esters and isohexyl neopentanoate, and mixtures thereof. Other volatile hydrocarbon-based oils, for instance petroleum distillates, especially those sold under the name Shell Solt by the company Shell, may also be used. The volatile solvent is preferably chosen from volatile hydrocarbon-based oils containing from 8 to 16 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof. 
     Volatile oils that may also be used include volatile silicones, for instance volatile linear or cyclic silicone oils, especially those with a viscosity≦8 centistokes (8×10 −6  m 2 /s) and especially containing from 2 to 7 silicon atoms, these silicones optionally comprising alkyl or alkoxy groups containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms. As volatile silicone oils that may be used in the invention, mention may be made especially of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, heptamethylhexyltrisiloxane, heptamethyloctyltrisiloxane, hexamethyldisiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxane, decamethyltetrasiloxane and dodecamethylpentasiloxane, and mixtures thereof. 
     Mention may also be made of linear volatile alkyltrisiloxane oils of general formula (I): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in which R represents an alkyl group containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, of which one or more hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a fluorine or chlorine atom. 
     Among the oils of general formula (I) that may be mentioned are: 3-butyl-1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane, 3-propyl-1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane, and 3-ethyl-1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane, corresponding to the oils of formula (I) for which R is, respectively, a butyl group, a propyl group or an ethyl group. 
     Volatile fluoro solvents such as nonafluoromethoxybutane or perfluoromethylcyclopentane may also be used. 
     The composition may also comprise at least one non-volatile oil chosen especially from non-volatile hydrocarbon-based oils and/or silicone oils and/or fluoro oils. 
     Non-volatile hydrocarbon-based oils that may especially be mentioned include:
         hydrocarbon-based oils of plant origin, such as triglycerides consisting of fatty acid esters of glycerol, the fatty acids of which may have varied chain lengths from C4 to C24, these chains possibly being linear or branched, and saturated or unsaturated; these oils are especially wheatgerm oil, sunflower oil, grapeseed oil, sesame seed oil, corn oil, apricot oil, castor oil, shea oil, avocado oil, olive oil, soybean oil, sweet almond oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, hazelnut oil, macadamia oil, jojoba oil, alfalfa oil, poppy oil, pumpkin oil, sesame seed oil, marrow oil, rapeseed oil, blackcurrant oil, evening primrose oil, millet oil, barley oil, quinoa oil, rye oil, safflower oil, candlenut oil, passion flower oil and musk rose oil; or alternatively caprylic/capric acid triglycerides such as those sold by the company Stéarineries Dubois or those sold under the names Miglyol 810, 812 and 818 by the company Dynamit Nobel,   synthetic ethers containing from 10 to 40 carbon atoms;   linear or branched hydrocarbons of mineral or synthetic origin, such as petroleum jelly, polydecenes, hydrogenated polyisobutene such as Parleam, and squalane, and mixtures thereof;   synthetic esters such as oils of formula R1COOR2 in which R1 represents a linear or branched fatty acid residue containing from 1 to 40 carbon atoms and R2 represents an in particular branched hydrocarbon-based chain containing from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, on condition that R1+R2≧10, for instance purcellin oil (cetostearyl octanoate), isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, C12-C15 alkyl benzoate, hexyl laurate, diisopropyl adipate, isononyl isononanoate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, isostearyl isostearate, alkyl or polyalkyl octanoates, decanoates or ricinoleates such as propylene glycol dioctanoate; hydroxylated esters such as isostearyl lactate and diisostearyl malate; and pentaerythritol esters;   fatty alcohols that are liquid at room temperature, containing a branched and/or unsaturated carbon-based chain containing from 12 to 26 carbon atoms, for instance octyldodecanol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, 2-hexyldecanol, 2-butyloctanol or 2-undecylpentadecanol;   higher fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid or linolenic acid;   carbonates,   acetates,   citrates,       

     and mixtures thereof. 
     The non-volatile silicone oils that may be used in the composition according to the invention may be non-volatile polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMSs), polydimethylsiloxanes comprising alkyl or alkoxy groups, that are pendent and/or at the end of a silicone chain, the groups each containing from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, phenyl silicones, for instance phenyl trimethicones, phenyl dimethicones, phenyltrimethylsiloxydiphenylsiloxanes, diphenyl dimethicones, diphenylmethyldiphenyltrisiloxanes and 2-phenylethyl trimethylsiloxysilicates. 
     The fluoro oils that may be used in the invention are, in particular, fluorosilicone oils, fluoro polyethers or fluorosilicones, as described in document EP-A-847 752. 
     Film-Forming Polymers 
     The composition according to the invention may comprise, besides the copolymer comprising at least one alkene monomer, at least one film-forming polymer. 
     The film-forming polymer may be present in the composition according to the invention in a solids (or active material) content ranging from 0.1% to 30% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 20% by weight and better still from 1% to 15% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. 
     In the present invention, the expression “film-forming polymer” means a polymer that is capable, by itself or in the presence of an auxiliary film-forming agent, of forming a macroscopically continuous film that adheres to the keratin fibres. 
     The hydrophilic film-forming polymer may be a water-soluble polymer or may be in dispersion in an aqueous medium. 
     Among the film-forming polymers that may be used in the composition of the present invention, mention may be made of synthetic polymers, of free-radical type or of polycondensate type, and polymers of natural origin, and mixtures thereof. 
     The expression “free-radical film-forming polymer” means a polymer obtained by polymerization of unsaturated and especially ethylenically unsaturated monomers, each monomer being capable of homopolymerizing (unlike polycondensates). 
     Examples of water-soluble film-forming polymers that may be mentioned include:
         proteins, for instance proteins of plant origin such as wheat or soybean proteins; proteins of animal origin such as keratins, for example keratin hydrolysates and sulfonic keratins;
           cellulose polymers such as hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, and also quaternized cellulose derivatives;   
           acrylic polymers or copolymers, such as polyacrylates or polymethacrylates;   vinyl polymers, for instance polyvinylpyrrolidones, copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and of maleic anhydride, the copolymer of vinyl acetate and of crotonic acid, copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and of vinyl acetate; copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and of caprolactam; polyvinyl alcohol; anionic, cationic, amphoteric or nonionic chitin or chitosan polymers;   gum arabics, guar gum, xanthan derivatives and karaya gum;   alginates and carrageenans;
           glycoaminoglycans, and hyaluronic acid and derivatives thereof;   shellac resin, sandarac gum, dammar resins, elemi gums and copal resins;   
           deoxyribonucleic acid;
           mucopolysaccharides such as chondroitin sulfates;   
               

     and mixtures thereof. 
     The film-forming polymer may also be present in the composition in the form of particles dispersed in an aqueous phase, which is generally known as a latex or pseudolatex. The techniques for preparing these dispersions are well known to those skilled in the art. 
     Aqueous dispersions of film-forming polymer that may be used include the acrylic dispersions sold under the names Neocryl XK-90®, Neocryl A-1070®, Neocryl A-1090®, Neocryl BT-62®, Neocryl A-1079® and Neocryl A-523® by the company Avecia-Neoresins, Dow Latex 432® by the company Dow Chemical, Daitosol 5000 AD® or Daitosol 5000 SJ® by the company Daito Kasey Kogyo; Syntran 5760® by the company Interpolymer, Allianz Opt® by the company Rohm &amp; Haas or the aqueous polyurethane dispersions sold under the names Neorez R-981® and Neorez R-974® by the company Avecia-Neoresins, Avalure UR-405®, Avalure UR-410®, Avalure UR-425®, Avalure UR-450®, Sancure 875®, Avalure UR-445® and Sancure 2060® by the company Noveon, Impranil 85® by the company Bayer, Aquamere H-1511® by the company Hydromer; the sulfopolyesters sold under the brand name Eastman AQ® by the company Eastman Chemical Products, vinyl dispersions, for instance Mexomer PAM®, aqueous polyvinyl acetate dispersions, for instance Vinybran® from the company Nisshin Chemical or those sold by the company Union Carbide, aqueous dispersions of vinylpyrrolidone, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide and lauryldimethylpropylmethacrylamidoammonium chloride terpolymer, such as Styleze W from ISP, aqueous dispersions of polyurethane/polyacrylic hybrid polymers such as those sold under the references Hybridur® by the company Air Products or Duromer® from National Starch, and dispersions of core/shell type: for example those sold by the company Atofina under the reference Kynar (core: fluoro; shell: acrylic) or alternatively those described in document U.S. Pat. No. 5,188,899 (core: silica; shell: silicone), and mixtures thereof. 
     According to another embodiment variant of the composition according to the invention, the film-forming polymer may be a polymer dissolved in a liquid fatty phase comprising organic solvents or oils such as those described above (the film-forming polymer is thus said to be a liposoluble polymer). The liquid fatty phase preferably comprises a volatile oil, optionally mixed with a non-volatile oil, the oils possibly being chosen from those mentioned above. 
     Examples of liposoluble polymers that may be mentioned are copolymers of vinyl ester (the vinyl group being directly linked to the oxygen atom of the ester group and the vinyl ester containing a saturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon-based radical of 1 to 19 carbon atoms, linked to the carbonyl of the ester group) and of at least one other monomer which may be a vinyl ester (other than the vinyl ester already present), an α-olefin (containing from 8 to 28 carbon atoms), an alkyl vinyl ether (in which the alkyl group comprises from 2 to 18 carbon atoms) or an allylic or methallylic ester (containing a saturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon-based radical of 1 to 19 carbon atoms, linked to the carbonyl of the ester group). 
     These copolymers may be crosslinked with the aid of crosslinking agents, which may be either of the vinyl type or of the allylic or methallylic type, such as tetraallyloxyethane, divinylbenzene, divinyl octanedioate, divinyl dodecanedioate and divinyl octadecanedioate. 
     Examples of these copolymers that may be mentioned are the following copolymers: vinyl acetate/allyl stearate, vinyl acetate/vinyl laurate, vinyl acetate/vinyl stearate, vinyl acetate/octadecene, vinyl acetate/octadecyl vinyl ether, vinyl propionate/allyl laurate, vinyl propionate/vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate/1-octadecene, vinyl acetate/1-dodecene, vinyl stearate/ethyl vinyl ether, vinyl propionate/cetyl vinyl ether, vinyl stearate/allyl acetate, vinyl 2,2-dimethyloctanoate/vinyl laurate, allyl 2,2-dimethylpentanoate/vinyl laurate, vinyl dimethylpropionate/vinyl stearate, allyl dimethylpropionate/vinyl stearate, vinyl propionate/vinyl stearate, crosslinked with 0.2% divinylbenzene, vinyl dimethyl-propionate/vinyl laurate, crosslinked with 0.2% divinylbenzene, vinyl acetate/octadecyl vinyl ether, crosslinked with 0.2% tetraallyloxyethane, vinyl acetate/allyl stearate, crosslinked with 0.2% divinylbenzene, vinyl acetate/1-octadecene, crosslinked with 0.2% divinylbenzene, and allyl propionate/allyl stearate, crosslinked with 0.2% divinylbenzene. 
     Liposoluble film-forming polymers that may also be mentioned include liposoluble copolymers, and in particular those resulting from the copolymerization of vinyl esters containing from 9 to 22 carbon atoms or of alkyl acrylates or methacrylates, and alkyl radicals containing from 10 to 20 carbon atoms. 
     Such liposoluble copolymers may be chosen from polyvinyl stearate, polyvinyl stearate crosslinked with the aid of divinylbenzene, of diallyl ether or of diallyl phthalate copolymers, polystearyl (meth)acrylate, polyvinyl laurate and polylauryl (meth)acrylate copolymers, it being possible for these poly(meth)acrylates to be crosslinked with the aid of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate or tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate. 
     The liposoluble copolymers defined above are known and are described in particular in patent application FR-A-2 232 303; they may have a weight-average molecular weight ranging from 2000 to 500 000 and preferably from 4000 to 200 000. 
     As liposoluble film-forming polymers that may be used in the invention, mention may also be made of polyalkylenes and in particular copolymers of C2-C20 alkenes, such as polybutene, alkylcelluloses with a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C8 alkyl radical, for instance ethylcellulose and propylcellulose, copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and in particular copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and of C2 to C40 and better still C3 to C20 alkene. As examples of VP copolymers which may be used in the invention, mention may be made of the copolymers of VP/vinyl acetate, VP/ethyl methacrylate, butylated polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), VP/ethyl methacrylate/methacrylic acid, VP/eicosene, VP/hexadecene, VP/triacontene, VP/styrene or VP/acrylic acid/lauryl methacrylate. 
     Mention may also be made of silicone resins, which are generally soluble or swellable in silicone oils, which are crosslinked polyorganosiloxane polymers. The nomenclature of silicone resins is known under the name “MDTQ”, the resin being described as a function of the various siloxane monomer units it comprises, each of the letters “MDTQ” characterizing a type of unit. 
     Examples of commercially available polymethylsilsesquioxane resins that may be mentioned include those sold: 
     by the company Wacker under the reference Resin MK, such as Belsil PMS MK; 
     by the company Shin-Etsu under the reference KR-220L. 
     Siloxysilicate resins that may be mentioned include trimethyl siloxysilicate (TMS) resins such as those sold under the reference SR1000 by the company General Electric or under the reference TMS 803 by the company Wacker. Mention may also be made of the trimethyl siloxysilicate resins sold in a solvent such as cyclomethicone, sold under the name KF-7312J by the company Shin-Etsu, and DC 749 and DC 593 by the company Dow Corning. 
     Mention may also be made of copolymers of silicone resins such as those mentioned above with polydimethylsiloxanes, for instance the pressure-sensitive adhesive copolymers sold by the company Dow Corning under the reference Bio-PSA and described in document U.S. Pat. No. 5,162,410, or alternatively silicone copolymers derived from the reaction of a silicone resin, such as those described above, and of a diorganosiloxane as described in document WO 2004/073 626. 
     The film-forming polymer may also be present in the composition in the form of particles dispersed in a non-aqueous phase. As examples of non-aqueous dispersions of film-forming polymer, mention may be made of acrylic dispersions in isododecane, for instance Mexomer PAP® from the company Chimex, dispersions of particles of a grafted ethylenic polymer, preferably an acrylic polymer, in a liquid fatty phase, the ethylenic polymer advantageously being dispersed in the absence of additional stabilizer at the surface of the particles, as described especially in document WO 04/055 081. 
     The composition according to the invention may comprise a plasticizer that promotes the formation of a film with the film-forming polymer. Such a plasticizer may be chosen from any compound known to those skilled in the art as being capable of satisfying the desired function. 
     The composition may also comprise ingredients commonly used in cosmetics, such as dyestuffs, fillers and fibres, and mixtures thereof. 
     Dyestuff 
     The composition according to the invention may also comprise at least one dyestuff, for instance pulverulent dyes, liposoluble dyes and water-soluble dyes. 
     The pulverulent dyestuffs may be chosen from pigments and nacres. 
     The pigments may be white or coloured, mineral and/or organic, and coated or uncoated. Among the mineral pigments that may be mentioned are titanium dioxide, optionally surface-treated, zirconium oxide, zinc oxide or cerium oxide, and also iron oxide or chromium oxide, manganese violet, ultramarine blue, chromium hydrate and ferric blue. Among the organic pigments that may be mentioned are carbon black, pigments of D&amp;C type, and lakes based on cochineal carmine or on barium, strontium, calcium or aluminium. 
     The nacres may be chosen from white nacreous pigments such as mica coated with titanium or with bismuth oxychloride, coloured nacreous pigments such as titanium mica with iron oxides, titanium mica with, especially, ferric blue or chromium oxide, titanium mica with an organic pigment of the above-mentioned type, and also nacreous pigments based on bismuth oxychloride. 
     The liposoluble dyes are, for example, Sudan Red, D&amp;C Red 17, D&amp;C Green 6, β-carotene, soybean oil, Sudan Brown, D&amp;C Yellow 11, D&amp;C Violet 2, D&amp;C Orange 5, quinoline yellow and annatto. 
     These dyestuffs may be present in a content ranging from 0.01% to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. 
     Fillers 
     The composition according to the invention may also comprise at least one filler. 
     The fillers may be chosen from those that are well known to those skilled in the art and commonly used in cosmetic compositions. The fillers may be mineral or organic, and lamellar or spherical. Mention may be made of talc, mica, silica, kaolin, polyamide powders, for instance the Nylon® sold under the trade name Orgasol® by the company Atochem, poly-β-alanine powders and polyethylene powders, powders of tetrafluoroethylene polymers, for instance Teflon®, lauroyllysine, starch, boron nitride, expanded polymeric hollow microspheres such as those of polyvinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile, for instance the products sold under the name Expancel® by the company Nobel Industrie, acrylic powders, such as those sold under the name Polytrap® by the company Dow Corning, polymethyl methacrylate particles and silicone resin microbeads (for example Tospearls® from Toshiba), precipitated calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and magnesium hydrogen carbonate, hydroxyapatite, hollow silica microspheres (Silica Beads® from Maprecos), glass or ceramic microcapsules, metal soaps derived from organic carboxylic acids containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and in particular from 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example zinc, magnesium or lithium stearate, zinc laurate and magnesium myristate. 
     It is also possible to use a compound that is capable of swelling on heating, and especially heat-expandable particles such as non-expanded microspheres of copolymer of vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile/methyl methacrylate or of acrylonitrile homopolymer copolymer, for instance those sold, respectively, under the references Expancel® 820 DU 40 and Expancel® 007WU by the company Akzo Nobel. 
     The fillers may represent from 0.1% to 25% and in particular from 1% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. 
     Fibres 
     The compositions in accordance with the invention may also comprise fibres that allow an improvement in the lengthening effect. 
     The term “fibre” should be understood as meaning an object of length L and diameter D such that L is very much greater than D, D being the diameter of the circle in which the cross section of the fibre is inscribed. In particular, the ratio L/D (or shape factor) is chosen in the range from 3.5 to 2500, especially from 5 to 500 and in particular from 5 to 150. 
     The fibres that may be used in the composition of the invention may be mineral or organic fibres of synthetic or natural origin. They may be short or long, individual or organized, for example braided, and hollow or solid. They may have any shape, and may especially have a circular or polygonal (square, hexagonal or octagonal) cross section, depending on the intended specific application. In particular, their ends are blunt and/or polished to prevent injury. 
     In particular, the fibres have a length ranging from 1 μm to 10 mm, preferably from 0.1 mm to 5 mm and better still from 0.3 mm to 3.5 mm. Their cross section may be within a circle of diameter ranging from 2 nm to 500 μm, preferably ranging from 100 nm to 100 μm and better still from 1 μm to 50 μm. The weight or yarn count of the fibres is often given in denier or decitex, and represents the weight in grams per 9 km of yarn. In particular, the fibres according to the invention may have a yarn count chosen in the range from 0.15 to 30 denier and better still from 0.18 to 18 denier. 
     The fibres that may be used in the composition of the invention may be chosen from rigid or non-rigid fibres, and may be of synthetic or natural, mineral or organic origin. 
     Moreover, the fibres may or may not be surface-treated, may be coated or uncoated, and may be coloured or uncoloured. 
     As fibres that may be used in the composition according to the invention, mention may be made of non-rigid fibres such as polyamide (Nylon®) fibres or rigid fibres such as polyimideamide fibres, for instance those sold under the names Kermel® and Kermel Tech® by the company Rhodia or poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide) (or aramid) fibres sold especially under the name Kevlar® by the company DuPont de Nemours. 
     The fibres may be present in the composition according to the invention in a content ranging from 0.01% to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.1% to 5% by weight and more particularly from 0.3% to 3% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. 
     Cosmetic Active Agents 
     As cosmetic active agents that may be used in the compositions in accordance with the invention, mention may be made especially of antioxidants, preserving agents, fragrances, neutralizers, emollients, moisturizers, vitamins and screening agents, in particular sunscreens. 
     Needless to say, a person skilled in the art will take care to select the optional additional additives and/or the amount thereof such that the advantageous properties of the composition according to the invention are not, or are not substantially, adversely affected by the envisaged addition. 
     The composition may be in solid, semi-solid or liquid form. 
     The composition may especially be in the form of a suspension, a dispersion, a solution, a gel, an emulsion, especially an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion, a wax-in-water emulsion or a multiple emulsion (W/O/W or polyol/O/W), in the form of a cream, a paste, a mousse, a dispersion of vesicles, especially of ionic or nonionic lipids, a two-phase or multiphase lotion, a spray, a powder or a paste, especially a soft paste. Each composition is preferably a leave-in composition. 
     The composition according to the invention may be manufactured via the known processes generally used in the field of cosmetics. 
     The composition according to the invention may be conditioned in a container delimiting at least one compartment that comprises the composition, the container being closed by a closing member. 
     The container is preferably associated with an applicator, especially in the form of a brush comprising an arrangement of bristles maintained by a twisted wire. Such a twisted brush is especially described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,887,622. It may also be in the form of a comb comprising a plurality of application members, obtained especially by moulding. Such combs are described, for example, in patent FR 2 796 529. The applicator may be solidly attached to the container, as described, for example, in patent FR 2 761 959. Advantageously, the applicator is solidly attached to a stem, which is itself solidly attached to the closing member. 
     The closing member may be coupled to the container by screwing. Alternatively, the coupling between the closing member and the container takes place other than by screwing, especially via a bayonet mechanism, by click-fastening or by tightening. The term “click-fastening” in particular means any system involving the passing of a rim or bead of material by elastic deformation of a portion, especially of the closing member, followed by return to the elastically unstressed position of the portion after the rim or bead has been passed. 
     The container may be at least partly made of thermoplastic material. Examples of thermoplastic materials that may be mentioned include polypropylene and polyethylene. 
     Alternatively, the container is made of a non-thermoplastic material, especially of glass or metal (or alloy). 
     The container is preferably equipped with a drainer located in the region of the aperture of the container. Such a drainer makes it possible to wipe the applicator and, optionally, the stem to which it may be solidly attached. Such a drainer is described, for example, in patent FR 2 792 618. 
     The examples given below are presented as non-limiting illustrations of the invention. Unless otherwise mentioned, the amounts indicated are expressed as mass percentages. 
     Example 1 
     Mascara 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Comparative 
               
               
                   
                 Composition 1 
                 Example 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer 
                 7.2 
                 0.0 
               
               
                 (28% vinyl acetate, Mw = 70 000) 
               
               
                 Paraffin wax 
                 5.6 
                 12.8 
               
               
                 Carnauba wax 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                 Beeswax 
                 4.1 
                 4.1 
               
               
                 Cetyl alcohol 
                 2.0 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 Steareth-20 
                 4.4 
                 4.4 
               
               
                 Steareth-2 
                 2.1 
                 2.1 
               
               
                 Black iron oxide 
                 7.1 
                 7.1 
               
               
                 Glycerol 
                 2.0 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 Butylene glycol 
                 3.0 
                 3.0 
               
               
                 Potassium cetyl phosphate 
                 1.7 
                 1.7 
               
               
                 Hydroxyethylcellulose 
                 0.9 
                 0.9 
               
               
                 Gum arabic 
                 3.4 
                 3.4 
               
               
                 Water 
                 qs 100 
                 qs 100 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The waxes, the copolymer, the cetyl alcohol, the Steareth-2 and the Steareth-20 are melted at 85° C. The black iron oxide pigment is then dispersed in this fatty phase with vigorous stirring. In a second beaker, the aqueous phase containing the potassium cetyl phosphate is mixed and heated to 85° C. 
     The emulsion is then prepared with vigorous stirring by adding the aqueous phase, also heated to 85° C., to the fatty phase. The whole is then cooled with paddle stirring to room temperature. 
     Composition 1 and the Comparative Example are evaluated as regards their application, adhesion and charging, by a panel of 10 experts. Scores ranging from 0 to 10 are attributed for each parameter, a score of 0 being attributed for zero efficiency, and a score of 10 for maximum efficiency. 
     Composition 1 is judged as being significantly less dry on application, more instantly adherent and more charging than the comparative example. 
     Moreover, composition 1 according to the invention leads to a product that has a deeper black colour than the comparative example. 
     Example 2 
     Mascara 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Comparative 
               
               
                   
                 Composition 2 
                 Example 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer 
                 2.4 
                 2.4 
               
               
                 (28% vinyl acetate, Mw = 70 000) 
               
               
                 Paraffin wax 
                 10.5 
                 10.5 
               
               
                 Carnauba wax 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                 Beeswax 
                 4.1 
                 4.1 
               
               
                 Cetyl alcohol 
                 2.0 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 Stearic acid 
                 0 
                 6.6 
               
               
                 Steareth-20 
                 4.4 
                 0 
               
               
                 Steareth-2 
                 2.1 
                 0 
               
               
                 Black iron oxide 
                 7.1 
                 7.1 
               
               
                 Glycerol 
                 2.0 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 Butylene glycol 
                 3.0 
                 3.0 
               
               
                 Potassium cetyl phosphate 
                 1.7 
                 0 
               
               
                 Triethanolamine 
                 0 
                 2.4 
               
               
                 AMPD 
                 0 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 Hydroxyethylcellulose 
                 0.9 
                 0.9 
               
               
                 Gum arabic 
                 3.4 
                 3.4 
               
               
                 Ethanol 
                 3 
                 3 
               
               
                 Water 
                 qs 100 
                 qs 100 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Composition 2 comprises an ionic surfactant according to the invention, present in salt form in the aqueous phase, i.e. potassium cetyl phosphate, whereas the Comparative Example comprises a standard surfactant system, i.e. the stearic acid/triethanolamine combination. 
     It emerges that Composition 2 obtained is soft and smooth and is very easy to apply using a mascara brush, whereas the Comparative Example gives a very thick granular paste that is difficult to apply. 
     Example 3 
     Mascara Containing Fibres 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Composition 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (28% 
                 3.3 
               
               
                   
                 vinyl acetate, Mw = 70 000) 
               
               
                   
                 Paraffin wax 
                 12.5 
               
               
                   
                 Carnauba wax 
                 5.6 
               
               
                   
                 Beeswax 
                 4.5 
               
               
                   
                 Cetyl alcohol 
                 2.0 
               
               
                   
                 Steareth-20 
                 4.4 
               
               
                   
                 Steareth-2 
                 2.1 
               
               
                   
                 Black iron oxide 
                 7.1 
               
               
                   
                 Glycerol 
                 2.0 
               
               
                   
                 Butylene glycol 
                 3.0 
               
               
                   
                 Potassium cetyl phosphate 
                 1.7 
               
               
                   
                 Hydroxyethylcellulose 
                 0.9 
               
               
                   
                 Gum arabic 
                 3.4 
               
               
                   
                 Cellulose fibre (Rayon) 
                 0.5 
               
               
                   
                 Water 
                 qs 100 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 4 
     Mascara 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Comparative 
               
               
                   
                 Composition 4 
                 example 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene 
                 2.75 
                 0 
               
               
                 copolymer (Kraton G1657M from Shell, 
               
               
                 Mw = 130 000) 
               
               
                 Paraffin wax 
                 11.25 
                 14.0 
               
               
                 Carnauba wax 
                 3.5 
                 3.5 
               
               
                 Beeswax 
                 4.4 
                 4.4 
               
               
                 Cetyl alcohol 
                 2.0 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 Steareth-2 
                 2.1 
                 2.1 
               
               
                 Black iron oxide 
                 7.1 
                 7.1 
               
               
                 Potassium cetyl phosphate 
                 7.0 
                 7.0 
               
               
                 Hydroxyethylcellulose 
                 0.75 
                 0.75 
               
               
                 Gum arabic 
                 0.65 
                 0.65 
               
               
                 Acrylate copolymer in aqueous dis- 
                 10.0 
                 10.0 
               
               
                 persion (Daitosol 5000 AD from Daito) 
               
               
                 Water 
                 qs 100 
                 qs 100 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The waxes, the copolymer, the cetyl alcohol and the Steareth-2 are melted at 85° C. The black iron oxide pigment is then dispersed in this fatty phase with vigorous stirring. In a second beaker, the aqueous phase containing the potassium cetyl phosphate, the gum arabic and the hydroxyethylcellulose is mixed and heated to 85° C. 
     The emulsion is then prepared with vigorous stirring by adding the aqueous phase, also heated to 85° C., to the fatty phase. The whole is then cooled with paddle stirring to room temperature, in order to add the acrylate copolymer as an aqueous solution. 
     Composition 4 leads to a product that has a deeper black colour than the comparative example. 
     The above written description of the invention provides a manner and process of making and using it such that any person skilled in this art is enabled to make and use the same, this enablement being provided in particular for the subject matter of the appended claims, which make up a part of the original description. 
     As used herein, the words “a” and “an” and the like carry the meaning of “one or more.” 
     The phrases “selected from the group consisting of,” “chosen from,” and the like include mixtures of the specified materials. Terms such as “contain(s)” and the like are open terms meaning ‘including at least’ unless otherwise specifically noted. 
     All references, patents, applications, tests, standards, documents, publications, brochures, texts, articles, etc. mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference. Where a numerical limit or range is stated, the endpoints are included. Also, all values and subranges within a numerical limit or range are specifically included as if explicitly written out. 
     The above description is presented to enable a person skilled in the art to make and use the invention, and is provided in the context of a particular application and its requirements. Various modifications to the preferred embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, this invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein. In this regard, certain embodiments within the invention may not show every benefit of the invention, considered broadly.