Patent Publication Number: US-9408189-B2

Title: Radio communication device and method for controlling frequency selection

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/876,234, which was filed Oct. 22, 2007. This application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Embodiments of the invention relate generally to radio communication devices and to a method for controlling frequency selection. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Various device profiles for the next generation of devices cordlessly coupled to the Internet are presently specified in the Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication (DECT) forum. Exemplary basic profiles are those for speech communication (e.g. basic profile vb or profile ve) and for data communication (e.g. basic profile da). A conventional speech communication profile provides for three telephone calls in parallel, for example two external telephone calls and one internal telephone call, but also even more telephone calls, in broadband quality in accordance with ITU-T G.722. The data communication profile should allow a data rate of 358.4 kbit/s in the downlink direction and a data rate of 44.8 kbit/s in the uplink direction for corresponding internet services. 
     The technical characteristics of DECT/CAT-iq (Cordless Advanced Technology-internet and quality) today allow either data systems or telephone systems to be flexible and inexpensive (for example by using inexpensive and simple to manufacture “blind slot” High Frequency (HF) frontends). The demand for devices with speech functionality as well as with data functionality is not or only insufficiently covered. By way of example, an internet radio with additional telephone functionality and hands-free speaking cannot be implemented without having an impact on the characteristics and performance of the above required profiles. Furthermore, it is desirable for economic reasons, to provide sufficient but not too many radio resources for the respective applications, and to remain the flexibility, interoperability and the costs for DECT/CAT-iq. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In the drawings, like reference characters generally refer to the same parts throughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead generally being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention. In the following description, various embodiments of the invention are described with reference to the following drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  shows an arrangement for digital radio transmission in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 2  shows a timing/frequency diagram of DECT in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 3  shows a DECT reference model in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 4  shows a fixed station in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 5  shows a mobile station in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 6  shows the operation states of a medium access control circuit of a mobile station in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 7  shows the operation states of a medium access control circuit of a fixed station in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 8  shows a medium access control circuit and its provided services in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 9  shows a fixed station in accordance with another embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 10  shows a mobile station in accordance with another embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 11  shows a mobile station in accordance with another embodiment of the invention; and 
         FIG. 12  shows a message flow diagram illustrating the message flow between two medium access control circuits in accordance with another embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION 
     In an embodiment of the invention, a “circuit” may be understood as any kind of a logic implementing entity, which may be hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. Thus, in an embodiment of the invention, a “circuit” may be a hard-wired logic circuit or a programmable logic circuit such as a programmable processor, e.g. a microprocessor (e.g. a Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) processor or a Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) processor). As will be described in more detail below, a “circuit” may also be software being implemented or executed by a processor, e.g. any kind of computer program, e.g. a computer program using a virtual machine code such as e.g. Java. Any other kind of implementation of the respective functions which will be described in more detail below may also be understood as a “circuit” in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the invention. 
     The embodiments which will be described in more detail below refer to the radio communication devices as well as to the method for controlling frequency selection. 
       FIG. 1  shows an arrangement  100  for digital radio transmission in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. 
     In an embodiment of the invention, the arrangement  100  for digital radio transmission is configured in accordance with a cordless radio communication technology such as e.g. in accordance with one of the following cordless radio communication technologies:
         Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication (DECT);   Wideband Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication (WDECT);   Cordless Telephony 2 (CT2);   Cordless Advanced Technology-internet and quality (CAT-iq).       

     In another embodiment of the invention, the arrangement  100  for digital radio transmission is configured in accordance with a mobile radio communication technology, e.g. in accordance with a Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) mobile radio communication technology. In an embodiment of the invention, the arrangement  100  for digital radio transmission is configured in accordance with one of the following Third Generation Partnership Project mobile radio communication technologies:
         Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) technology;   Code Division Multiple Access 2000 (CDMA2000) technology;   Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access (FOMA) technology.       

     In an embodiment of the invention, a fixed station FS  102  (in the following also referred to as fixed part (FP)) is connected to a fixed network by way of a terminal line  122 . In an embodiment of the invention, the fixed network may be for example a public switched telephone network (PSTN), an integrated services digital network (ISDN), a packet switched public data network (PSPDN), or a public land mobile network (PLMN). 
     As will be described in more detail below, the fixed station FS  102  includes a plurality (e.g. two) radio frequency (RF) modules  104 ,  106  (in the following also referred to as radio modem circuits), using which data can be transmitted and received by means of an antenna  108 . The RF modules  104 ,  106  may be so-called slow hopping RF modules (in other words, particularly cost-effective RF modules) which intrinsically require a certain period of time to change from one carrier frequency to another. This time period, which is required for the carrier frequency change, may correspond, for example, to the time period which is filled by one time slot in a time division multiplex method (e.g. a time division multiple access method (TDMA)). By way of the antenna  108 , a radio transmission may be made via a radio transmission path  110  to a first mobile station MS  112  (in the following also referred to as portable part), or a radio transmission may be made to a second mobile station MS  114  via a second radio transmission path  116 . All of the mobile stations MS  112 ,  114 ,  118  illustrated in  FIG. 1  may be of the same design, so that a more detailed explanation will be given only on the basis of the first mobile station MS  112 . 
     As can be seen in  FIG. 1 , the first mobile station MS  112  has an antenna  120  for receiving and for transmitting data from and, respectively, to the fixed station FS  102 . The first mobile station MS  112  may include one RF module or a plurality of RF modules  122 , as will be described in more detail below. In an embodiment of the invention, the one RF module or the plurality of RF modules  122  essentially correspond to the RF modules  104 ,  106  provided in the fixed station FS  102 . The one or the plurality of RF modules  122  may thus also be one or a plurality of slow hopping RF modules  122 . 
       FIG. 2  shows a timing/frequency diagram  200  of DECT in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. 
     In an embodiment of the invention, a DECT network is a microcellular, digital cordless radio network for high subscriber densities, and, is primarily designed for use in buildings. However, it is also possible to use the arrangements in accordance with various embodiments of the invention outdoors. The capacity of the DECT network of around 10,000 subscribers per square kilometer provides, from the cordless standard, ideal access technology for network operators. 
     According to the DECT technology, it is possible to transmit both voice signals (in the following also referred to as speech communication) and data signals (in the following also referred to as data communication). Thus, cordless networks can also be built on a DECT base. 
     Thus, in general, in an embodiment of the invention, speech signals or data signals (e.g. multimedia signals including at least one of the following type of signals: audio signals, image signals, video signals, textual data signal, etc.) may be transmitted and/or received. 
     The DECT technology will be explained in more detail below with reference to  FIG. 2 . 
     A digital, cordless telecommunications system for ranges of less than 300 m has been standardized for Europe under the designation DECT. In conjunction with the switching function of a telecommunications installation, this system is therefore suitable for a mobile telephone and data traffic in an office building or on a commercial site. The DECT functions supplement a telecommunications installation, and thus make it the fixed station FS  102  of the cordless telecommunications system. 
     A conventional DECT system is based on the MC/TDMA/TDD (Multi-Carrier/Time Division Multiple Access/Time Division Duplex) principle and could use in the time multiplex 240 channels altogether in time and frequency. The so-called dynamic channel selection (DCS) and allocation provides for that the mobile station MS  112 ,  114 ,  118  always searches for the best connection. In this case, conventionally, all possible channels are scanned at least once every 30 seconds and an RSSI (Receive Signal Strength Indicator) list is generated for each free combination time slot/carrier. Using the RSSI list, the fixed station FS  102  and the mobile stations MS  112 ,  114 ,  118  are able to select an optimal channel for the transmission. 
     As shown in the timing/frequency diagram  200  of  FIG. 2 , a maximum of ten different carrier frequencies (carriers)  204  may be used for transmission in the frequency range from 1.88 GHz to 1.9 GHz in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. This frequency division multiplex method is called FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access). 
     In an embodiment of the invention, twelve channels may be transmitted successively in time on each of the ten carrier frequencies using the time division multiplex method TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access). Cordless telecommunication in accordance with the DECT standard using ten carrier frequencies with twelve channels per carrier frequency provides a total of 120 channels. Since one channel is required, for example, for each voice link, there are 120 links to the maximum of 120 mobile stations MS  112 ,  114 ,  118 . In an embodiment of the invention, the time division duplex method (TDD) is used on the carriers. After the twelve channels (1 to 12) have been transmitted, the system switches to receive, and the twelve channels (13 to 24) in the opposite direction are received. 
     A time-division multiplex frame in one embodiment of the invention thus comprises 24 channels (see  FIG. 2 ). Channel  1  to channel  12  are transmitted from the fixed station FS  102  to the mobile station MS  112 ,  114 ,  118 , while channel  13  to channel  24  are transmitted in the opposite direction, from the mobile station MS  112 ,  114 ,  118  to the fixed station FS  102 . In an embodiment of the invention, the frame duration is 10 ms. Furthermore, in an embodiment of the invention, the duration of a channel (also referred to as time slot) is 417 μs. By way of example, 320 bits of information (for example voice signal bits) and 100 bits of control data (synchronization, signaling and error check) are transmitted in this time. The useful bit rate for a subscriber (channel) of 32 Kbit/s results from the 320 bits of information within 10 ms. 
     In an embodiment of the invention, when the mobile station MS  112 ,  114 ,  118  is first switched on, it searches for fixed station identifications it is aware of on all channels, and then usually selects the channel with the highest signal strength. A mobile station MS  112 ,  114 ,  118  which is assigned to a channel continues to monitor all other channels in order to determine as to whether another channel which is better suitable for transmission, exists. In case the mobile station MS  112 ,  114 ,  118  determines a better suitable channel, it will change to this one. Conventionally, 12 time slots can be used for a system at maximum. In case that inexpensive and simple to manufacture “blind slot” High Frequency (HF) frontends are used, even only 6 time slots can be used. 
     The conventional single cell and multi cell systems use base stations only for speech telephone calls. If the base station should implement a data profile and at the same time a speech profile in accordance with the requirements as requested above in parallel, this is not possible with a conventional system architecture. Conventionally, either the data rate for the data profile has to be reduced or the number of possible telephone calls in parallel using G.722 has to be reduced or has to be set to zero or the quality of the telephone calls has to be reduced by falling back using G.726, for example. This is shown in table 1 below. If the simple to manufacture “blind slot” High Frequency (HF) frontends are used even these fall back options are not possible due to the then necessary “blind slots”. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Possible channel combinations and its performance parameters for data 
               
               
                 telephony and speech telephony 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Data rate in 
                   
                 Number of 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 kbit/s 
                   
                 channels 
                   
                 Broadband 
               
               
                 Downlink 
                 Uplink 
                 Downlink 
                 Uplink 
                 calls 
                 Number of 
               
               
                 (FP &gt; PP) 
                 (PP &gt; FP) 
                 (FP &gt; PP) 
                 (PP &gt; FP) 
                 Number 
                 channels 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 358.4 
                 44.8 
                 7 
                 1 
                 2 
                 4 
               
               
                 256.0 
                 44.8 
                 5 
                 1 
                 3 
                 6 
               
               
                 153.6 
                 44.8 
                 3 
                 1 
                 4 
                 8 
               
               
                 51.2 
                 51.2 
                 1 
                 1 
                 5 
                 10 
               
               
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 6 
                 12 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Other conventional system architectures provide for the parallel operation of data applications on the basis of the so-called DECT Packet Radio Service (DPRS) and small band speech telephony using G.726, for example, but they need an extensive resource management for the time slots and they do not work without limitations of the performance parameters for the above-mentioned application scenarios neither with “blind slots” nor without “blind slots”. 
     As will be described in more detail below, various embodiments of the invention provide an efficient use of all channels which exist in a radio communication system, for example in a cordless radio communication system such as DECT or WDECT or DECT/CAT-iq, e.g. for the operation in parallel of data applications having “stream” characteristics (e.g. internet radio, internet television or other streaming applications) and speech telephony. 
       FIG. 3  shows a DECT reference model  300  in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. In an embodiment of the invention, the respective functions provided by the layers of the DECT reference model  300  are provided by respectively configured circuits. The circuits implementing the DECT reference model  300  are provided in the fixed station(s) as well as in the mobile station(s). It should be mentioned that although the detailed embodiments described in the following refer to DECT, they are not limited thereto, but could analogously be applied to other radio communication systems such as e.g. the radio communication systems listed above. 
     The DECT reference model  300  is designed in accordance with the ISO/OSI reference model (International Organization for Standardization/Open System Interconnection). In the following, the DECT reference model  300  will be described in more detail with focus on the three lower layers, namely:
         a Physical Layer  302  (OSI Layer 1);   a Data Link Layer (OSI Layer 2), being divided into a Medium Access Control (MAC) Layer  304  and a Data Link Control (DLC) Layer  306 ; and   a Network Layer  308  (OSI Layer 3).       

     Above the MAC Layer  304 , the functions of the layers are grouped into two sub-groups, wherein a first sub-group (also referred to as a Control Plane (C-Plane)  310 ) is provided for the signaling and a second sub-group (also referred to as a User Plane (U-Plane)  312 ) is provided for the transmission of the user data. The Network Layer  308  only processes control functions of the C-Plane  310 , whereas the data of the U-Plane  312  are passed through without being processed. 
     In more detail, the Physical Layer  302  is provided for the realization of transmission channels via the radio medium. In this case, the Physical Layer  302  of a mobile station shares the medium with other mobile stations, which also transmit data. As described above, a TDMA-method and an FDMA-method and a Dynamic Channel Selection (DCS) method are provided for transmitting data. 
     The MAC Layer  304  is provided for establishing, operating and releasing channels (also referred to as bearer) for the higher layers. The different data fields of the MAC communication protocol are protected using cyclic codes which are used in the receiver for error recognition. The MAC Layer  304  provides for adding service-specific control data to each time slot. 
     In an embodiment of the invention, the MAC Layer  304  includes three groups of services: 
     Broadcast Message Control (BMC) Service: 
     The BMC Service is offered in each cell on at least one physical channel, even in case no subscriber transmits at all. Thus, a continuous connectionless point-to-multipoint connection originates at the downlink (i.e. for example in the transmission direction from the fixed station to the mobile station), in which the fixed station broadcasts its system-related data. This allows the mobile station(s) to identify the fixed station. At the same time, the terminal device (e.g. the mobile station) can determine the current channel quality by evaluating the received signal. 
     Connectionless Message Control (CMC) Service: 
     The CMC Service may support a connectionless point-to-point service or point-to-multipoint service, which may be operated between a fixed station and a mobile station in a bidirectional manner. 
     Multi Bearer Control (MBC) Service: 
     The MBC Service offers a connection-oriented point-to-point service. The entity transmitting in one or both directions may support a plurality of bearers, wherein a corresponding higher net data rate is achieved. 
     Each of these three services has an own independent Service Access Point (SAP) to the next higher layer, wherein the SAP can integrate a plurality of logical channels. 
     As previously described, above the MAC Layer  304 , the provided communication protocol stack is divided into two parallel portions. Similar to the MAC Layer  304 , a comprehensive error protection is carried out in the C-Plane  310  of the Data Link Control Layer  306 , which improves the reliability of the data transmission. In addition to a point-to-point service, the C-Plane  310  of the Network Layer  308  arranged above the C-Plane portion of the Data Link Control Layer  306  offers a broadcast service. The U-Plane  312  provides the processing of the user data on the radio link. In this case, the service spectrum ranges from the transmission of unprotected data with little delay (e.g. speech data) to protected services with variable delay for data transmission. The requested data rate of an existing connection can be changed at any time. 
     In an embodiment of the invention, the Network Layer  308  establishes connections between the subscribers and the network, operates them and releases them. The U-Plane  312  of DECT usually has no tasks in the Network Layer  308  and forwards all data unprocessed in vertical direction. The C-Plane  310  carries out the signaling and is responsible for the control of the data exchange. To do this, five communication protocols are provided which build on the Link Control Entity. In addition a Call instance and a Connection instance, a service Mobility Management is provided, which takes over all the tasks required for the support of the mobility of the mobile stations. In addition to the data for the residence area management, also messages for the authentication as well as encryption data are transmitted. 
     The management of the Physical Layer  302 , the Data Link Layer, and the Network Layer  308  are provided by a Lower Layer Management Entity  314 . The Lower Layer Management Entity  314  initiates and controls e.g. the generation, maintenance and release of physical channels (bearers). Furthermore, the selection of a free physical channel and the quality evaluation of the receive signal may be carried out in the Lower Layer Management Entity  314 . 
     In an embodiment of the invention, in the C-Plane  310 , the Network Layer  308  provides services to one or more signaling applications  316  and/or to one or more interworking processes  318  (which may be arranged in an Application Layer). Furthermore, in an embodiment of the invention, in the U-Plane  312 , the Network Layer  308  provides services to one or more application processes  320  (which may be arranged in an Application Layer). 
     As will be described in more detail below, in various embodiments of the invention, an integration of two or more base station functionalities (including the functionalities of the MAC Layer  304  and the Physical Layer  302 ), which are operated and work independently from one another, is provided, in a system for implementation of at least one speech profile as well as at least one data profile dedicated in respectively one of the base stations being integrated in one radio communication device. In an embodiment of the invention, thus, one independent base station circuit (including the functionalities of a first independent MAC Layer and a first independent Physical Layer) is provided to implement a speech communication profile (e.g. the speech communication profile vb or the speech communication profile ve or speech communication profiles for handsfree and conferencing) and another independent base station circuit (including the functionalities of a second independent MAC Layer and a second independent Physical Layer) is provided to implement a data communication profile (e.g. the data communication profile da or other data communication profiles terminating Internet either in the fixed station or mobile station). 
     In an embodiment of the invention, two or more cordless modems (e.g. two or more DECT modems) are provided in one common communication device, which are connected to the respective base station controller such as e.g. a circuit implementing the Lower Layer Management Entity  314  via a communication channel. Thus, in an embodiment of the invention, two or more real (i.e. for example implemented in hardware) or virtual (i.e. for example implemented in software, e.g. using a so-called Virtual Machine, e.g. a Java Virtual Machine) base stations, which are independent from each other, are implemented in one common device such as a radio communication device, wherein each base station implements only (exactly) one communication profile, respectively (e.g. a first base station to implement a speech communication profile and a second base station to implement a data communication profile). Thus, in an embodiment of the invention, one real base station or virtual base station exists for the speech communication profile and one real or virtual base station exists for the data communication profile. Accordingly, the mobile terminal devices (e.g. the mobile stations) are registered with the respective appropriate base station. The Dynamic Channel Selection (DCS) and the allocation between the real base stations or virtual base stations (e.g. implemented in one common fixed station) and one or more mobile stations runs corresponding to the respectively provided communication protocols of the respective communication layers. 
     Various embodiments of the invention have the following effects: the system can work with inexpensive cordless modems (such as e.g. DECT/CAT-iq modems) and can be fully Generic Access Profile (GAP) compatible (e.g. DECT-GAP compatible). In an embodiment of the invention, a Generic Access Profile (GAP) may be understood as being a transmission protocol for radio communication devices which allows the communication of radio communication devices from different manufacturers. By way of example, DECT-GAP may be understood as being a transmission protocol for cordless radio communication devices which allows the communication of cordless radio communication devices from different manufacturers. Thus, cordless radio communication devices from different manufacturers can be used together with one DECT-base station, since they all use the same transmission communication protocol. Even a solution (i.e. a radio communication device) with inexpensive and simple to manufacture “blind slot” High Frequency (HF) frontends is possible in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. The capability and the complexity of the profile characteristics fully remains. Furthermore, embodiments of the invention allow, for the first time, to support mobile devices (such as e.g. mobile stations) with all possible combinations of speech communication profiles and data communication profiles. Furthermore, in accordance with various embodiments of the invention, the available radio spectrum (e.g. the available DECT spectrum) is used more efficiently. 
       FIG. 4  shows a fixed station  400  as a radio communication device in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. 
     In an embodiment of the invention, the fixed station  400  includes a first radio modem circuit  402  (e.g. a first cordless radio modem circuit, e.g. a first DECT radio modem circuit) and a first medium access control (MAC) circuit  404  (e.g. a first cordless MAC circuit, e.g. a first DECT MAC circuit) (in one embodiment of the invention also referred to as a first fixed part circuit) assigned to the first radio modem circuit  402 . Furthermore, the fixed station  400  may include a second radio modem circuit  406  (e.g. a second cordless radio modem circuit, e.g. a second DECT radio modem circuit) and a second medium access control (MAC) circuit  408  (e.g. a second cordless MAC circuit, e.g. a second DECT MAC circuit) (in one embodiment of the invention also referred to as a second fixed part circuit) assigned to the second radio modem circuit  406 . In an embodiment of the invention, the first radio modem circuit  402  and the first MAC circuit  404  provide the base station functionalities for a first application such as for the transmission of speech (in other words, the first radio modem circuit  402  and the first MAC circuit  404  provide the base station functionalities for a speech communication profile), and the second radio modem circuit  406  and the second MAC circuit  408  provide the base station functionalities for a second application such as for the transmission of data (in other words, the second radio modem circuit  406  and the second MAC circuit  408  provide the base station functionalities for a data communication profile). 
     Thus, in an embodiment of the invention, applications which are orthogonal to each other such as e.g. data transmission and speech telephony are implemented in parallel, in other words, in one common radio communication device, e.g. using cordless technology (e.g. DECT/CAT-iq). 
     To do this, two or more fixed part functionalities, e.g. of the Physical Layer and of the MAC Layer, are integrated in reality (e.g. in hardware) or virtually (e.g. in software) in one base station including the corresponding number of cordless modems. 
     Thus, in an embodiment of the invention, the first radio modem circuit and the first medium access control circuit are configured to provide a connection-oriented communication profile (e.g. a speech communication profile, e.g. a speech communication basic profile, e.g. the speech communication basic profile ve or vb), and the second radio modem circuit and the second medium access control circuit are configured to provide packet-oriented communication profile (e.g. a data communication profile, e.g. a data communication basic profile, e.g. the data communication basic profile da). 
     In an embodiment of the invention, the fixed station  400  may further include one common DLC circuit  410 , which is coupled with the first MAC circuit  404  and with the second MAC circuit  408 , and one common Network Layer circuit  412 , which is coupled with the common DLC circuit  410 . The common DLC circuit  410  and/or the common Network Layer circuit  412  may form a control interface circuit configured to control the first medium access control circuit  404  and the second medium access control circuit  408 . In an embodiment of the invention, the common DLC circuit  410  is configured to provide the functions of the DLC Layer  306  and the common Network Layer circuit  412  is configured to provide the functions of the Network Layer  308  for a fixed station. 
       FIG. 5  shows a mobile station  500  as a radio communication device in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. The mobile station  500  is provided for the parallel implementation of similar scenarios as described above for mobile terminal devices. 
     In an embodiment of the invention, the mobile station  500  includes a first radio modem circuit  502  (e.g. a first cordless radio modem circuit, e.g. a first DECT radio modem circuit) and a first medium access control (MAC) circuit  504  (e.g. a first cordless MAC circuit, e.g. a first DECT MAC circuit) (in one embodiment of the invention also referred to as a first portable part (PP) circuit) assigned to the first radio modem circuit  502 . Furthermore, the mobile station  500  may include a second radio modem circuit  506  (e.g. a second cordless radio modem circuit, e.g. a second DECT radio modem circuit) and a second medium access control (MAC) circuit  508  (e.g. a second cordless MAC circuit, e.g. a second DECT MAC circuit) (in one embodiment of the invention also referred to as a second portable part (PP) circuit) assigned to the second radio modem circuit  506 . In an embodiment of the invention, the first radio modem circuit  502  and the first MAC circuit  504  provide the portable part functionalities of layers 1 and 2 for a first application such as for the transmission of speech (in other words, the first radio modem circuit  502  and the first MAC circuit  504  provide the portable part functionalities of layers 1 and 2 for a speech communication profile), and the second radio modem circuit  506  and the second MAC circuit  508  provide the portable part functionalities of layers 1 and 2 for a second application such as for the transmission of data (in other words, the second radio modem circuit  506  and the second MAC circuit  508  provide the portable part functionalities of layers 1 and 2 for a data communication profile). 
     Thus, in an embodiment of the invention, applications which are orthogonal to each other such as e.g. data transmission and speech telephony are implemented in parallel, in other words, in one common portable radio communication device, e.g. using cordless technology (e.g. DECT/CAT-iq). 
     To do this, two or more portable part functionalities of layer 1 and 2, e.g. of the Physical Layer and of the MAC Layer, are integrated in reality (e.g. in hardware) or virtually (e.g. in software) in one base station including the corresponding number of cordless modems. 
     Thus, in an embodiment of the invention, the first radio modem circuit and the first medium access control circuit are configured to provide a connection-oriented communication profile (e.g. a speech communication profile, e.g. a speech communication basic profile, e.g. the speech communication basic profile ve or vb), and the second radio modem circuit and the second medium access control circuit are configured to provide packet-oriented communication profile (e.g. a data communication profile, e.g. a data communication basic profile, e.g. the data communication basic profile da). 
     In an embodiment of the invention, the mobile station  500  may further include one common DLC circuit  510 , which is coupled with the first MAC circuit  504  and with the second MAC circuit  508 , and one common Network Layer circuit  512 , which is coupled with the common DLC circuit  510 . The common DLC circuit  510  and/or the common Network Layer circuit  512  may form a control interface circuit configured to control the first medium access control circuit and the second medium access control circuit. In an embodiment of the invention, the common DLC circuit  510  is configured to provide the functions of the DLC Layer  306  and the common Network Layer circuit  512  is configured to provide the functions of the Network Layer  308  for a mobile station. 
     In an embodiment of the invention, the mobile station  500  having a plurality of communication profiles implemented in parallel (in other words, at the same time) may implement a dual mode including the implementation of a first portable part (PP) functionality according to DECT PP data transmission and a second portable part (PP) functionality according to DECT PP speech transmission. In another embodiment of the invention, the mobile station  500  may implement a multi mode including the implementation of a first portable part (PP) functionality according to DECT PP internet radio (thus illustratively implementing a PP internet radio communication profile), a second portable part (PP) functionality according to DECT PP speech telephony (thus illustratively implementing a PP speech communication profile), and a third portable part (PP) functionality according to DECT PP data transmission (thus illustratively implementing a PP data communication profile). 
     It should be mentioned, that any other combination of different communication profiles is possible in an alternative embodiment of the invention in one radio communication device. 
       FIG. 6  shows a diagram  600  illustrating the operation states of a medium access control circuit of a mobile station  112 ,  114 ,  118 , in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. 
     The mobile station  112 ,  114 ,  118 , may, related to the MAC Layer  304 , be in one of the four states as shown in  FIG. 6 : 
     “Active Locked” (Symbolized in  FIG. 6  with Reference Numeral  608 ): 
     The synchronized mobile station has at least one connection to one base station (fixed station) or to a plurality of base stations (fixed stations). 
     “Idle Locked” (Symbolized in  FIG. 6  with Reference Numeral  606 ): 
     The mobile station is synchronized with at least one base station (fixed station). Currently, the mobile station has no connection, however, it is capable to receive requests for connections. 
     “Active Unlocked” (Symbolized in  FIG. 6  with Reference Numeral  604 ): 
     The mobile station is not synchronized to any base station (fixed station) and therefore cannot receive any connection requests. It tries to find an appropriate base station (fixed station) in order to change into the state “Idle Locked” by a synchronization. 
     “Idle Unlocked” (Symbolized in  FIG. 6  with Reference Numeral  602 ): 
     The mobile station is not synchronized to any base station (fixed station) and cannot detect appropriate base stations (fixed stations). 
     In case the radio communication terminal device such as e.g. the mobile station  112 ,  114 ,  118 , is switched-off, it is in the state “Idle Unlocked”  602 . During the switch-on, the radio communication terminal device changes its state into the state “Active Unlocked”  604 . The radio communication terminal device starts to search for an appropriate base station with which it can synchronize. If this is successful, the state “Idle Locked”  606  is taken. In this state, the radio communication terminal device can receive or transmit connection requests. If the first traffic channel is established, it changes its state into the state “Active Locked”  608 . If, in this state, the last traffic channel is released after the termination of the connection, the radio communication terminal device returns again into the state “Idle Locked”  606 . If the radio communication terminal device looses the synchronization to its assigned base station, it returns to the state “Active Unlocked”  604  and searches for a new appropriate base station. If the radio communication terminal device is switched-off, it returns to the state “Idle Unlocked”. 
       FIG. 7  shows a diagram  700  illustrating the operation states of a medium access control circuit of a fixed station  102  in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. 
     The fixed station  102  may, related to the MAC Layer  304 , be in one of the four states as shown in  FIG. 7  (the state “Inactive”, in which the fixed station is switched-off, is not shown in  FIG. 7 ): 
     “Inactive”: 
     The fixed station is switched-off and can neither receive nor transmit messages. 
     “Active Idle” (Symbolized in  FIG. 7  with Reference Numeral  702 ): 
     The fixed station does not operate a traffic channel (also referred to as traffic bearer) and therefore transmits a dummy bearer which the receiver can detect when monitoring the physical channels. 
     “Active Traffic” (Symbolized in  FIG. 7  with Reference Numeral  704 ): 
     The fixed station operates at least one traffic channel (also referred to as traffic bearer). The dummy bearer is no longer transmitted. 
     “Active Traffic and Idle” (Symbolized in  FIG. 7  with Reference Numeral  706 ): 
     In addition to at least one traffic channel (also referred to as traffic bearer), the fixed station also supports one dummy bearer. 
     In the base state “Active Idle”  702 , the fixed station transmits a dummy bearer in order to allow mobile stations to synchronize themselves to their frame clock and slot clock. If a traffic bearer is established, the fixed station changes its state into the state “Active Traffic”  704 . In this case, the dummy bearer may be dropped. The opposite change of state occurs after the release of the last traffic bearer. If during the transmission of the traffic bearer a dummy channel becomes necessary, the fixed station can change into the state “Active Traffic and Idle”  706 . During the establishment of the first traffic bearer, the dummy bearer may also be kept. In this case, a change occurs from the state “Active Idle”  702  into the state “Active Traffic and Idle”  706 . 
       FIG. 8  shows a medium access control circuit  800  and its provided services in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. The medium access control circuit  800  may be provided in a fixed station as well as in a mobile station in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. 
     As already mentioned above, the medium access control circuit  800  implements the functionalities of the MAC Layer  804  and thus serves to establish and to maintain traffic bearers requested by the Lower Layer Management Entity  314  and to release the traffic bearers upon request of the Lower Layer Management Entity  314 . 
     The control information which is introduced into the medium access control circuit  800  via the various Service Access Points are added to the actual user data in each time slot by means of multiplexing. 
     The various services of the MAC Layer  304  are divided into two groups, as shown in  FIG. 8 . The functions for controlling a cell cluster are provided by a Cluster Control Functions circuit  802  are connected to the Data Link Control Layer  306  via three Service Access Points MA (MA-SAP  804 ), MB (MB-SAP  806 ), and MC (MC-SAP  808 ). The cell specific functions are provided by respective Cell Site Functions circuit  810 ,  812 ,  814  and coordinate the transition to the Physical Layer  302 . 
     In an embodiment of the invention, the two groups may provide the following individual functions: 
     Cluster Control Functions (CCF): 
     They control a cluster of cells. Each logic cluster of cells includes respectively only one CCF, which controls the entire cell functions (CSF). Within this cluster, the following three independent services may be provided: 
     Broadcast Message Control (BMC): 
     This function exists only once in each CCF and controls or distributes the cluster broadcast information to the respective cell functions. The BMC supports a plurality of connectionless point-to-multipoint services, which are directed from the fixed station to the mobile station. The BMC works with any type of traffic bearer. By way of example, one service may be the paging of the mobile station. 
     Connectionless Message Control (CMC): 
     All information, which relate to the connectionless service, are controlled from usually one CMC in each CCF. The CMC offers in addition to the transmission of information from the control plane  310  of the DLC Layer  306  also the processing of user data form the user plane  312 . The services may be operated in both directions. 
     Multi Bearer Control (MBC): 
     This service includes the management of all data, which are exchanged between two corresponding MAC Layers  302 . One MBC may exist for each connection-oriented point-to-point connection which can organize a plurality of traffic bearers. 
     Cell Site Functions (CSF): 
     These services are arranged below the CCF services in the MAC Layer  302  and represent the respective cell. Each CCF thus controls a plurality of CSFs. The following cell-oriented services may be distinguished: 
     Connectionless Bearer Control (CBC): 
     Each connectionless bearer within the CSF is controlled by an own CBC. 
     Dummy Bearer Control (DBC): 
     Two dummy bearers at maximum exist in each CSF in order to implement a beacon function so that mobile stations can synchronize themselves in case that no subscriber connection exists in the cell. 
     Traffic Bearer Control (TBC): 
     An MBC should request a TBC for a duplex connection. 
     Idle Receiver Control (IRC): 
     This service controls a receiver of the cell in case it does not operate a connection to a subscriber; it is possible that a cell has a plurality of receivers, in which case there are the a plurality of IRC services. 
     As shown in  FIG. 8 , an ME-SAP (management entity service access point)  816 , which communicates between lower layer and other layers, is provided. Furthermore, D-SAPs  818  are provided for connection to the respective Physical Layer  302 , e.g. the respective DECT modem. 
     Thus, in an embodiment of the invention, the functions of the MAC Layer  304  and of the Physical Layer  302  each are provided a plurality of times in a communication device, e.g. a fixed station or a mobile station, wherein at least one of the functions of the MAC Layer  304  and/or of the Physical Layer  302  may be implemented in hardware and/or in software. 
       FIG. 9  shows a fixed station  900  in accordance with another embodiment of the invention. The fixed station  900  of  FIG. 9  is similar to the fixed station  400  of  FIG. 4  with the differences being outlined below. 
     In these embodiments, in addition to the implementation of two or more base station functionalities in one radio communication device, a communication interface  902  (in the following also referred to as control interface) is provided as well as an associated communication protocol (in the following also referred to as control communication protocol) for the coordination of the two or more base station functionalities (in other words, of the two or more base station modules), wherein also in these embodiments, the respective profiles such as e.g. one speech communication profile and one data communication profile, are dedicately implemented in one respective base station functionality (e.g. in one respective MAC circuit). In an embodiment of the invention, as in the embodiments described above, the radio communication device such as e.g. the fixed station  900  includes two or more radio modem circuits  402  and  406  (e.g. two or more cordless radio modem circuits, e.g. two or more DECT radio modem circuits), which are connected to the common base station controller (e.g. implemented by the common DLC circuit  410  and/or the common Network Layer circuit  412 ) via a communication channel. In this case, the common base station controller, which may be implemented in hardware and/or in software (in general, in reality and/or virtually), implements a distribution communication protocol which, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, supports the exchange of an allocation table before and/or during the communication connection with a mobile station. In an embodiment of the invention, the exchange of data for frequency selection or frequency control using the distribution communication protocol is carried out as will be described in more detail below. 
     In other words, illustratively, in an embodiment of the invention, a communication interface configured for communication between the first medium access control circuit and the second medium access control circuit is provided. The communication interface may be configured for frequency control communication or frequency selection communication between the first medium access control circuit and the second medium access control circuit. 
     In an embodiment of the invention, the fixed station  900  may be a gateway, which virtually implements the integration of two or more fixed part (FP) functionalities, e.g. a first fixed part (FP) functionality according to DECT FP data transmission and a second fixed part (FP) functionality according to DECT FP speech transmission. 
     One effect of this embodiment can be seen in that the channel allocation between the real base stations and the virtual base station (synchronization of the time frames) in this case is carried out very fast, since the channel allocation is predetermined. The capabilities and the complexity of the profile characteristics also in this case fully remain. 
       FIG. 10  shows a mobile station  1000  in accordance with another embodiment of the invention. 
     In an embodiment of the invention, the mobile station  1000  includes a radio modem circuit  1002  (e.g. a cordless radio modem circuit, e.g. a DECT radio modem circuit) and a medium access control (MAC) circuit  1004  (e.g. a cordless MAC circuit, e.g. a DECT MAC circuit) (in one embodiment of the invention also referred to as a portable part (PP) circuit) assigned to the first radio modem circuit  1002 . In this embodiment of the invention, the MAC circuit  1004  implements a data communication profile such as e.g. the data communication profile da. 
     In an embodiment of the invention, the radio modem circuit  1002  and the MAC circuit  1004  provide the portable part functionalities of layers 1 and 2 for a first application such as for the transmission of data (in other words, the radio modem circuit  1002  and the MAC circuit  1004  provide the portable part functionalities of layers 1 and 2 for a data communication profile). Thus, the mobile station  1000  implements only one communication profile. 
     In an embodiment of the invention, the fixed station  1000  may further include one DLC circuit  1006 , which is coupled with the MAC circuit  1004 , and one Network Layer circuit  1008 , which is coupled with the DLC circuit  1006 . The DLC circuit  1006  and/or the Network Layer circuit  1008  may form a control interface circuit configured to control the medium access control circuit. In an embodiment of the invention, the DLC circuit  1006  is configured to provide the functions of the DLC Layer  306  and the Network Layer circuit  1008  is configured to provide the functions of the Network Layer  308  for the mobile station  1000 . 
       FIG. 11  shows a mobile station  1100  in accordance with another embodiment of the invention. 
     In an embodiment of the invention, the mobile station  1100  is similar to the mobile station  1000  of  FIG. 10  with the difference that the medium access control (MAC) circuit  1102  (e.g. a cordless MAC circuit, e.g. a DECT MAC circuit) (in one embodiment of the invention also referred to as a portable part (PP) circuit) implements a speech communication profile such as e.g. the speech communication profile vb or the speech communication profile ve. 
     Thus, mobile communication terminal devices such as e.g. the mobile station  1000  of  FIG. 10  or the mobile station  1100  of  FIG. 11  providing only one communication profile (e.g. either a speech communication profile or a data communication profile) register with the respective corresponding real or virtual base station. In case that a plurality of communication profiles should be implemented in parallel in one mobile communication terminal device, in an embodiment of the invention, a similar architecture is provided as for the base station but with the functionalities of a mobile communication terminal device. 
       FIG. 12  shows a message flow diagram  1200  illustrating the message flow between two medium access control circuits in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. 
     As shown in  FIG. 12 , in  1202 , the first MAC circuit  404  scans the available frequency range to determine all suitable frequency channels that it can use for transmitting and/or receiving signals (e.g. speech or data). Then, in  1204 , the first MAC circuit  404  preliminarily selects at least one frequency channel. Then, it generates a first frequency control message  1206  including the at least one frequency channel. In an embodiment of the invention, a plurality of suitable frequency channels may be preliminarily selected and inserted into the first frequency control message  1206 , e.g. in form of a list. 
     The first frequency control message  1206  is then transmitted from the first MAC circuit  404  to the second MAC circuit  408 , e.g. via the communication interface  902 . 
     Furthermore, in  1208 , the second MAC circuit  408  scans the available frequency range to determine all suitable frequency channels that it can use for transmitting and/or receiving signals (e.g. speech or data). In various embodiments of the invention, the second MAC circuit  408  may carry out process  1208  before or after the sending or the receiving of the first frequency control message  1206 . 
     After having received the first frequency control message  1206 , the second MAC circuit  408  in  1210  determines the at least one frequency channel that has been preliminarily selected by the first MAC circuit  404 . This can be carried out by appropriately decoding and parsing the received first frequency control message  1206 . Then, in  1212 , the second MAC circuit  408  finally selects at least one frequency channel taking into account the at least one frequency channel that has been preliminarily selected by the first MAC circuit  404 . In an embodiment of the invention, the second MAC circuit  408  may compare the determined available frequency channels with the at least one frequency channel that has been preliminarily selected by the first MAC circuit  404  and finally selects at least one frequency channel which is not identical or not too similar with the at least one frequency channel that has been preliminarily selected by the first MAC circuit  404 . Then, it generates a second frequency control message  1214  including the at least one finally selected frequency channel. In an embodiment of the invention, a plurality of suitable frequency channels may be finally selected and inserted into the second frequency control message  1214 , e.g. in form of a list. 
     The second frequency control message  1214  is then transmitted from the second MAC circuit  408  to the first MAC circuit  404 , e.g. via the communication interface  902 . 
     After having received the second frequency control message  1214 , the first MAC circuit  404  in  1216  determines the at least one frequency channel that has been finally selected by the second MAC circuit  408 . This can be carried out by appropriately decoding and parsing the received second frequency control message  1214 . 
     Then, in  1218 , the first MAC circuit  404  finally selects at least one frequency channel taking into account the at least one frequency channel that has been finally selected by the second MAC circuit  408 . In an embodiment of the invention, the first MAC circuit  404  may compare his preliminarily selected frequency channels with the at least one frequency channel that has been finally selected by the second MAC circuit  408  and finally selects at least one frequency channel which is not identical or not too similar with the at least one frequency channel that has been finally selected by the second MAC circuit  408 . Then, it generates a third frequency control message  1220  including the at least one frequency channel finally selected by the first MAC circuit  404 . In an embodiment of the invention, a plurality of suitable frequency channels may be finally selected and inserted into the third frequency control message  1220 , e.g. in form of a list. 
     Furthermore, in  1222 , the first MAC circuit  404  receives and/or transmits signals (e.g. speech or data) using the at least one channel finally selected by the first MAC circuit  404 . 
     After having received the third frequency control message  1220 , the second MAC circuit  408  in  1224  receives and/or transmits signals (e.g. speech or data) using the at least one channel finally selected by the second MAC circuit  408 . 
     It should be mentioned that the communication interface  902  and the corresponding communication protocol can be varied depending on the circumstances. 
     While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is thus indicated by the appended claims and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced.