Patent Publication Number: US-2023148490-A1

Title: Air flow systems and methods for horticulture racks

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 17/717,411, filed on Apr. 11, 2022, now U.S. Patent Application Publication 2022-0322616 entitled “AIR FLOW SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR HORTICULTURE RACKS.” Ser. No. 17/717,411 claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Ser. No. 63/173,137 entitled “AIR FLOW SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR HORTICULTURE SCAFFOLDING SYSTEMS” filed on Apr. 9, 2021. Each of the foregoing applications are incorporated herein by reference, including but not limited to those portions that specifically appear hereinafter, but except for any subject matter disclaimers or disavowals, and except to the extent that the incorporated material is inconsistent with the express disclosure herein, in which case the language in this disclosure shall control. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to air delivery, and in particular to air flow systems and methods utilized in connection with horticulture applications. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In order to obtain optimum growth, plants release water vapor into the air to be evaporated, allowing them to absorb the water found in the growing media. Moving the air and creating a current encourages this transpiration process. Additionally, plants require carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to breathe and engage in photosynthesis. Poor airflow may result in a deficiency in CO 2 , as well as other environmental issues affecting the plant canopy, so the plant cannot properly transpire and metabolize. Accordingly, improved air flow systems and methods, including for horticulture applications, remain desirable. 
     SUMMARY 
     In an exemplary embodiment, an air flow system, comprises a manifold, a fan coupled to the manifold, and a ventilation sock coupled to the manifold. In another exemplary embodiment, a scaffold system for horticulture comprises: a row of racks, and an air flow system coupled to the row of racks, the air flow system comprising a manifold, a fan, and a ventilation sock. 
     In another exemplary embodiment, a method for providing airflow to a plant comprises coupling a manifold of an airflow system to a horticulture rack, coupling a fan to the manifold, coupling a ventilation sock to the manifold, passing a metal wire through a series of loops on the ventilation sock to suspend the ventilation sock from the horticulture rack, and operating the fan to circulate air through the ventilation sock and deliver the air to plants disposed on the horticulture rack. 
     The foregoing features and elements can be combined in various combinations without exclusivity, unless expressly indicated otherwise. These features and elements as well as the operation thereof will become more apparent in light of the following description and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, the following description and drawings are intended to be exemplary in nature and non-limiting. The contents of this section are intended as a simplified introduction to the disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of any claim. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       With reference to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings: 
         FIG.  1    illustrates a horticulture racking system, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments; 
         FIG.  2    illustrates an exploded view of an air flow system for use in a horticulture racking system, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments; 
         FIG.  3    illustrates an assembled air flow system for use in a horticulture racking system, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments; 
         FIG.  4    illustrates a manifold for an air flow system, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments; 
         FIG.  5    illustrates a portion of a horticulture racking system having a portion of an air flow system coupled thereto, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments; 
         FIG.  6    illustrates an exploded view of an air flow system for use in a horticulture racking system, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments; 
         FIG.  7    illustrates an assembled air flow system for use in a horticulture racking system, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments; 
         FIG.  8    illustrates a cap assembly of an assembled air flow system for use in a horticulture racking system, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments; 
         FIG.  9    illustrates a manifold for an air flow system, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments; and 
         FIG.  10    illustrates a ventilation sock of an air flow system for use in a horticulture racking system, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following description is of various exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability or configuration of the present disclosure in any way. Rather, the following description is intended to provide a convenient illustration for implementing various embodiments including the best mode. As will become apparent, various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of the elements described in these embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. 
     For the sake of brevity, conventional techniques for racking, storage, and/or shelving systems, modular horticulture, lighting, irrigation, ventilation, drainage systems, and/or the like may not be described in detail herein. Furthermore, the connecting lines shown in various figures contained herein are intended to represent exemplary functional relationships and/or physical couplings between various elements. It should be noted that many alternative or additional functional relationships or physical connections may be present in a practical customizable horticulture racking system, scaffolding system, airflow components, and/or related methods of use. 
     Principles of the present disclosure may be compatible with and/or may be utilized in connection with principles disclosed in U.S. Ser. No. 16/802,036 filed on Feb. 2, 2020, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,304,525 entitled “Customizable Slidable Shelving and Support System for Horticulture Applications.” Additionally, principles of the present disclosure may be compatible with and/or may be utilized in connection with principles disclosed in U.S. Ser. No. 17/471,955 filed on Sep. 10, 2021, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2022-0098881 entitled “Configurable Scaffolding System.” The disclosure of each of the foregoing applications is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, including but not limited to those portions that specifically appear hereinafter, but except for any subject matter disclaimers or disavowals, and except to the extent that the incorporated material is inconsistent with the express disclosure herein, in which case the language in this disclosure shall control. 
     With reference now to  FIG.  1   , in various exemplary embodiments, a customizable horticulture racking system  100  comprises and/or may be coupled to or utilized with an air flow system  200 . Although illustrated as being a part of customizable horticulture racking system  100 , air flow system  200  is not limited in this regard. For example, any currently existing compatible shelving system or future developed compatible shelving systems may utilize air flow system  200  and are within the scope of this disclosure. In some exemplary embodiments, horticulture racking system comprises a system disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 11,304,525. 
     The customizable horticulture racking system  100  may interface with and/or attach to or decouple from a scaffolding system (not shown). For example, an exemplary scaffolding system as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2022-0098881 allows workers to safely access the various tiers of racking and service plants in horticulture racking system  100 . Use of the scaffolding system eliminates the need to utilize a ladder, wheeled staircase, or scissor lift. Additionally, use of the scaffolding system allows access rows or aisles between vertical racks to be made narrower, leaving more space for racks and thus significantly improving the density of plants that are able to be grown in a particular space. 
     Horticulture racking system  100  may be formed from any suitable materials, for example aluminum, steel, high-strength plastics, and/or the like. Components may be machined, stamped, cast, and/or otherwise formed in any suitable manner or process. Additionally, components may be permanently and/or releasably coupled to one another and/or to other systems or devices via any suitable method, for example welding, brazing, and/or mechanical fasteners such as rivets, screws, bolts, and/or the like. 
     In various exemplary embodiments, horticulture racking system  100  comprises one or more each of a work deck, vertical upright brackets, decking brace, safety flag (fixed and/or telescoping) and a trim cover (fixed and/or telescoping). However, additional and/or fewer components may be utilized in certain embodiments, as suitable. 
     Referring now to  FIG.  2   , an exploded view of an exemplary air flow system  200  is illustrated, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments. The air flow system  200  is configured to provide enhanced air delivery to plants on various horticulture racking systems (e.g., horticulture racking system  100  from  FIG.  1   , or the like). The air flow system  200  may be configured to be coupled, or mounted, to a row of racks, such as a front row of racks or back row of racks, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments. In this regard, the air flow system  200  may include a manifold  210  configured to mount to the respective row of racks, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments. The manifold  210  may be mounted to a row of racks by any suitable means, such as mechanical fasteners (i.e., rivets, screws, bolts, and/or the like). In various embodiments, manifold  210  may be integral with a respective rack. In various embodiments, the manifold  210  comprises an inlet port  212  and a plurality of outlet ports  214 . 
     In various embodiments, the air flow system  200  may further comprise ventilation socks  220 . The manifold  210  is configured to be in fluid communication with the ventilation socks  220 . In various embodiments, the ventilation socks  220  are made of a fabric or other thin material, or any other suitable material having a desired amount of porosity. In some exemplary embodiments, the sock material comprises one or more of nylon, polyester, vinyl, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic, etc. In this regard, an exit velocity of an airflow through the porosity of the sock material from the air flow system  200  may be varied by reconfiguring the air flow system  200  with another ventilation sock having a differing porosity, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments. Similarly, a porosity of the sock material may vary along a length of the row based on a respective design intent of the air flow system  200 . Thus, in accordance with various embodiments, outlet velocity for the air flow system  200  may be customizable and/or reconfigurable. In various embodiments, the sock material may be rigid, or semi-rigid when not in use (i.e., when air is not flowing through it). In various embodiments, the sock material may be non-rigid when not in use and/or may be supported by brackets, clamps, braces, retaining loops, and/or the like. 
     In various embodiments, the ventilation socks  220  may further comprise a plurality of outlet apertures  222  spaced apart axially along a length of a row. In various embodiments, an outlet pattern may be equally spaced or include varying spacing. In various embodiments, the plurality of outlet apertures  222  may be in addition to a porous material or replace a porous material for the ventilation socks  220 . In this regard, ventilation socks  220  may be made of more rigid material, such as a polymeric material (i.e., polyvinyl chloride (PVC)), a natural rubber, a synthetic rubber, a silicone, an elastomer, a thermoplastic, a thermoset, or the like. In various embodiments, variable spacing may be provided for horticulture applications where one area along a row of plants is denser than an adjacent area along a row of plants, or where one area has a plant with differing desired air flow relative to an adjacent plant. Thus, the air flow system  200  may be adaptable to various applications, in accordance with various embodiments. 
     In various embodiments, the inlet port  212  of the manifold  210  is configured to receive an in-line fan adapter  230 . In this regard, an inlet flow may be controlled by reconfiguring the air flow system  200  with various in-line fan adaptors and/or various fans in order to input a desired air flow into the inlet port  212  of the manifold  210 . The air flow system  200  may further be customizable and/or reconfigurable by adjusting or adapting an air flow input via a respective in-line fan adapter  230 , in accordance with various embodiments. Although the in-line fan adapter  230  is configured to receive two fans therein, the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. For example, the in-line fan adapter  230  may be swappable for an in-line adapter configured to receive a single fan and/or an in-line adapter configured to receive more than two fans, in accordance with various embodiments. Similarly, in various embodiments, in-line adapter  230  may be utilized with a single fan (i.e., a fan in communication with inlet port  232  of in-line fan adapter  232 ) and a seal for the adjacent inlet (i.e., a seal for the inlet port  234  of the in-line fan adapter  234 ). 
     Similar to the inlet port  212  of the manifold  210 , the plurality of outlet ports  214  of the manifold  210  may provide similar flexibility and adaptability to the air flow system  200 . For example, the air flow system  200  may further comprise ventilation sock adapters  240  and/or exhaust restrictor plates  250 . Thus, if only a single ventilation sock (e.g., ventilation sock  220 ) is desired, a single ventilation sock adapter (e.g., ventilation sock adapter  240 ) may be coupled to an outlet port in the plurality of outlet ports  214 , and a remainder of outlet ports in the plurality of outlet ports  214  may have an exhaust restrictor plate (e.g., exhaust restrictor plate  250 ) coupled thereto, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments. The exhaust restrictor plate  250  and the ventilation sock adapter  240  may be mounted/coupled to a respective outlet port in the plurality of outlet ports  214  by any suitable means, such as via mechanical fasteners (i.e., rivets, screws, bolts, and/or the like), press-fit, adhesive, clamps, etc. 
     In various embodiments, ventilation socks  220  are configured to couple to the ventilation sock adapters  240  as described previously herein. Similarly, a respective fan is configured to be coupled to a respective inlet port (e.g., inlet port  232  or inlet port  234 ) of the in-line fan adapter  230  by any method previously described herein. 
     Referring now to  FIG.  3   , a perspective view of an air flow system  200  is illustrated in an assembled state, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments. In various embodiments, the air flow system  200  further comprises a fan  310  coupled to the inlet port  232  of the in-line fan adapter  230  from  FIG.  2   . Similarly, the air flow system  200  may further comprise a fan  320  coupled to the inlet port  234  of the in-line fan adapter  230 . As described previously herein, any suitable number of fans is within the scope of this disclosure. The fans  310 ,  320  may be any suitable fan, such as an electrical fan, an axial flow fan, a centrifugal fan, etc. 
     The fans  310 ,  320  may be in fluid communication with the plurality of outlet ports  214  of the manifold  210  from  FIG.  2   , in accordance with various exemplary embodiments. For example, as shown in  FIG.  4   , inlet port  232  and inlet port  234  of the in-line fan adapter  230  may be in fluid communication with each outlet port in the plurality of outlet ports  214  of the manifold  210 , in accordance with various embodiments. Although illustrated in this manner, the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. For example, the inlet port  232  may be in fluid communication with a first set of outlet ports in the plurality of outlet ports  214  of the manifold and the inlet port  234  may be in fluid communication with a second set of outlet ports in the plurality of outlet ports  214 , the first set of outlet ports and the second set of outlet ports being mutually exclusive, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments. 
     In various embodiments the air flow system  200  described herein may provide enhanced air filtration, humidity control/injection, CO 2  control/injection, and/or UV-A, UV-B, and/or UV-C s terilization. In various embodiments, the air flow system  200  described herein is customizable, adaptable, and/or reconfigurable based on specific applications. 
     With reference now to  FIG.  5   , in various exemplary embodiments, the customizable horticulture racking system  100 , as described herein, comprises and/or may be coupled to or utilized with an air flow system  300 . The distance from a floor to the bottom of the air flow system  300  may be approximately 52 inches. In various embodiments, more than one air flow system  300  may be used. For instance, the distance between each air flow system  300  may be approximately 2.5 inches. Moreover, although illustrated as being a part of customizable horticulture racking system  100 , air flow system  300  is not limited in this regard. For example, any currently existing suitable shelving system or future developed suitable shelving systems may utilize air flow system  300  and are within the scope of this disclosure. 
     Referring now to  FIG.  6   , an exploded view of the air flow system  300  is illustrated, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments. The air flow system  300  is configured to provide enhanced air delivery to plants on various horticulture racking systems (e.g., horticulture racking system  100  from  FIGS.  1  and  5   , or the like). The air flow system  300  may be configured to be coupled, or mounted, to a row of racks, such as a front row of racks or back row of racks, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments. In this regard, the air flow system  300  may include a manifold  310  configured to mount to the respective row of racks, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments. The manifold  310  may be mounted to a row of racks by any suitable means, such as mechanical fasteners (i.e., rivets, screws, bolts, clamps, and/or the like). In various embodiments, manifold  310  may be integral with a respective rack. In various embodiments, the manifold  310  comprises an inlet port  312  and a plurality of outlet ports  314 . A perspective view of an exemplary manifold  310  is illustrated in  FIG.  9   . The inlet port  312  of the manifold  310  may have an inner diameter of 306 millimeters. The plurality of outlet ports  314  of the manifold  310  may have diameter of 134-136 millimeters. 
     In various embodiments, the air flow system  300  may further comprise ventilation socks  320 . The manifold  310  is configured to be in fluid communication with the ventilation socks  320 . For instance, the ventilation socks  320  may be coupled to the plurality of outlet ports  314  of the manifold  310 . In various embodiments, the ventilation socks  320  are made of a fabric, or any other suitable thin material having a desired amount of porosity. In some exemplary embodiments, the sock material comprises one or more of coated paper, nylon, polyester, vinyl, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic, etc. In this regard, an exit velocity of an airflow through the porosity of the sock material from the air flow system  300  may be varied by reconfiguring the air flow system  300  with another ventilation sock having a differing porosity material, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments. Similarly, a porosity of the sock material may vary along a length of the row based on a respective design intent of the air flow system  300 . Thus, in accordance with various embodiments, outlet velocity for the air flow system  300  may be customizable and/or reconfigurable. In various embodiments, the sock material may be rigid, or semi-rigid when not in use (i.e., when air is not flowing through it). In various embodiments, the sock material may be non-rigid when not in use and/or may be supported by brackets, clamps, braces, retaining loops, and/or the like. 
     In various embodiments, the ventilation socks  320  may further comprise a plurality of outlet apertures  322  spaced apart axially along a length of a row. In various embodiments, an outlet pattern may be equally spaced or include varying spacing. In various embodiments, the plurality of outlet apertures  322  may be in addition to a porous material or replace a porous material for the ventilation socks  320 . In this regard, ventilation socks  320  may be made of more rigid material, such as a polymeric material (i.e., polyvinyl chloride (PVC)), a natural rubber, a synthetic rubber, a silicone, an elastomer, a thermoplastic, a thermoset, or the like. In various embodiments, variable spacing may be provided for horticulture applications where one area along a row of plants is denser than an adjacent area along a row of plants, or where one area has a plant with differing desired air flow relative to an adjacent plant. For instance, as illustrated, there may be fourteen outlet apertures  322  on each ventilation sock  320 . However, in various embodiments, there may be more or less outlet apertures  322  on each ventilation sock  320 . The outlet apertures  322  may be of varying size. The size and spacing may depend on the distance from the manifold  130  and/or the length of the ventilation socks  320 . Further, the outlet apertures  322 , as illustrated, may be disposed on a top surface (e.g., at “12 o&#39;clock”) or may be disposed on a bottom surface (e.g., at “6 o&#39;clock”). In various embodiments, the outlet apertures  322  may be in a straight line across the top surface and/or may be disposed in multiple sets of outlet apertures  322  at various angles along the surface of the ventilation socks  320 . Thus, the air flow system  300  may be adaptable to various applications, in accordance with various embodiments 
     In various exemplary embodiments, ventilation socks  320  may be supported by and/or suspended along their length, for example by a metal wire rope of about 2-3 mm diameter passing through a series of loops spaced at intervals on the top of a ventilation sock  320 . For instance, referring to  FIG.  10   , ventilation socks  320  may be supported by metal wire rope  328 . The metal wire rope  328  may be threaded through a series of wire loops  330  in order to keep the wire in line and provide support across the length of the ventilation sock  320 . The metal wire rope  328  may be tensioned, for example by coupling to a turnbuckle  332 , in order to suspend ventilation sock  320  in a desired orientation. The turnbuckle  332  may be used to adjust/accommodate for small changes in the length of the horticulture racking  100 . Additionally, the metal wire rope  328  may be coupled and decoupled from horticulture racking  100 , for example by connecting/disconnecting the turnbuckles  332 , in order to allow for quick and simple replacement of a ventilation sock  320 . Moreover, ventilation sock  320  may pass through a series of loops hanging below a horticulture shelf in order to support ventilation sock  320 . 
     Ventilation sock  320  may be sized as desired. In an exemplary embodiment, ventilation sock  320  has dimensions of about 140 mm in diameter and a length of about 10 meters. In another exemplary embodiment, ventilation sock  320  has dimensions of about 140 mm in diameter and a length of about 7.44 meters. In yet another exemplary embodiment, ventilation sock  320  has dimensions of about 140 mm in diameter and a length of about 15 meters. In various exemplary embodiments, the ventilation socks  320  may be manufactured in lengths between 7-10 meters and may be configured to be coupled together to accommodate for longer duct length requirements. Alternatively, the ventilation socks  320  may be configured to be cut for a shorter duct requirement. The ventilation socks  320  may be differing diameter, thickness, or material depending on the application. 
     The air flow system  300  includes a manifold bracket  324 . The manifold bracket  324  is configured to couple with the manifold  310 . The manifold bracket  324  may have a length of 1-2 meters, a height of 20 millimeters, and a thickness of 25 millimeters. The manifold bracket  324  may be manufactured with cold rolled steel. Further, the manifold bracket  324  is configured to couple with the customizable horticulture racking system  100 . As such, the manifold bracket  324  facilitates coupling between the manifold  310  and the customizable horticulture racking system  100 . Diagonal adapters may further be included and configured to further support the manifold  310 . Particularly, the diagonal adapters may be disposed adjacent to where the manifold bracket  324  couples with the customizable horticulture racking system  100 . 
     The air flow system  300  further includes an end cap assembly  330 . The end cap assembly  330  comprises a cap bracket  332  and a plurality of duct caps  334 . The plurality of duct caps  334  are configured to couple with the ventilation socks  320 . For instance, the plurality of duct caps  334  are configured to cap the ventilation socks  320  at ends of the ventilations socks  320 , the end being opposite the manifold  130 . The duct caps  334  may have an outer diameter of 130-150 mm, corresponding with the diameter of the ventilation socks  320 . The duct caps  334  may have a length of 128 mm and a thickness of 3 mm. The cap bracket  332  is configured to couple with the plurality of duct caps  334 . The cap bracket  332  is configured to couple with the customizable horticulture racking system  100 . As such, the cap bracket  332  facilitates coupling between the air flow system  300  and the customizable horticulture racking system  100 . Additionally, end cap assembly can provide stability and support to ventilation socks  320 . A perspective view of the end cap assembly  330  is illustrated in  FIG.  8   . 
     Referring now to  FIG.  7   , a perspective view of an air flow system  300  is illustrated in an assembled state, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments. In various embodiments, the air flow system  300  further comprises a fan  410  coupled to the inlet port  312 . The fan  410  may be any suitable fan, such as an electrical fan, an axial flow fan, a centrifugal fan, etc. For instance, the fan  410  may be a 12″ standard fan. In contrast with the embodiment described with reference to  FIGS.  2 - 4    (e.g., the air flow system  200 ), the air flow system  300  does not require an in-line fan adapter. Similarly, in various exemplary embodiments air flow system  300  does not comprise ventilation sock adapters and/or exhaust restrictor plates, as described previously herein with respect to air flow system  200 . Accordingly, the manifold  310  is configured to attach directly to the fan  410 , as well as directly to the ventilation socks  320  (e.g., fabric ducts). 
     The fan  410  may be in fluid communication with the plurality of outlet ports  314  of the manifold  310 , in accordance with various exemplary embodiments. For example, as shown in  FIG.  7   , inlet port  312  may be in fluid communication with each outlet port in the plurality of outlet ports  314  of the manifold  310 , in accordance with various embodiments. 
     The air flow system  300  includes a fan bracket  326 . The fan bracket  326  is configured to couple with the fan  410 . For instance, the fan bracket  326  may include side brackets configured to be in confronting relation with the sides of the fan  410  such that the fan  410  is supported by the fan bracket  426 . The fan bracket  326  may have a length of 1-2 meters, a height of 80 millimeters, and a thickness of 20 millimeters. The fan bracket  326  may be a carbon steel rectangular tube. Further, the fan bracket  326  is configured to couple with the customizable horticulture racking system  100 . As such, the fan bracket  326  facilitates coupling between the fan  410  and the customizable horticulture racking system  100 . 
     In various embodiments described herein, the ventilation socks  320  are configured to be disposed between a horticulture rack and a grow light. In other various embodiments, an air flow system is mounted on a tray of the horticulture rack with ducts (e.g., ventilation socks) blowing up through a canopy of plants into grow lights. Additionally, in various embodiments, an exemplary air flow system may include an airflow return. In such a configuration, ducts (e.g., ventilation socks) may be disposed above the grow lights and configured to blow down through the plants, where the airflow is sucked into an airflow return disposed generally at the level of the tray. In this manner, air may be circulated to plants and then returned for further processing, filtration, and/or recirculation. Moreover, in various exemplary embodiments, an air flow system may provide both ventilation sock(s) and airflow return(s) in such a manner that (i) supplied air flows generally upward from ventilation socks, across plants, and into airflow returns, or (ii) supplied air flows generally upward from ventilation socks, across plants, and into airflow returns. 
     In various embodiments the air flow system  300  described herein may provide enhanced air filtration, humidity control/injection, CO 2  control/injection, and/or UV-A, UV-B, and/or UV-C sterilization. In various embodiments, the air flow system  300  described herein is customizable, adaptable, and/or reconfigurable based on specific applications. 
     While the principles of this disclosure have been shown in various embodiments, many modifications of structure, arrangements, proportions, the elements, materials and components, used in practice, which are particularly adapted for a specific environment and operating requirements may be used without departing from the principles and scope of this disclosure. These and other changes or modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure and may be expressed in the following claims. 
     In the foregoing specification, various embodiments have been described. However, one of ordinary skill in the art appreciates that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as set forth in the claims below. Accordingly, the specification is to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure. Likewise, benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to various embodiments. However, benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any element(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature or element of any or all the claims. As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Also, as used herein, the terms “coupled,” “coupling,” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a physical connection, an electrical connection, a magnetic connection, an optical connection, a communicative connection, a functional connection, and/or any other connection. When language similar to “at least one of A, B, or C” is used in the claims, the phrase is intended to mean any of the following: (1) at least one of A; (2) at least one of B; (3) at least one of C; (4) at least one of A and at least one of B; (5) at least one of B and at least one of C; (6) at least one of A and at least one of C; or (7) at least one of A, at least one of B, and at least one of C.