Patent Publication Number: US-2015072295-A1

Title: Apparatus for burning fuel

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a national stage patent application arising from PCT/IB2013/001160 filed on Jun. 4, 2013, and referenced in WIPO Publication No. WO2013/190352. The earliest priority date claimed is Jun. 21, 2012. 
    
    
     FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH 
     None 
     SEQUENCE LISTING OR PROGRAM 
     None 
     BACKGROUND 
     The invention relates to an apparatus for fuel combustion as generically defined by the preamble to claim  1 . 
     The invention can be employed in firing technology and serves to combust hydrocarbon fuel in gas turbine plants, gas-steam plants, boilers, and other thermal plants. 
     From Russian Patent Disclosure RU 2333422, a vortex burner is known. The vortex burner includes a housing with a tangential inlet port and an axial exhaust port and a vortex chamber enclosed therein. The vortex chamber includes tangential blade vortex generators, connected in succession and disposed coaxially, with an end wall which is provided with an axial window and a nozzle. Between the walls of the exhaust port and the nozzle, an annular passage is embodied. An ignition unit is built into the housing. 
     The disadvantage of this known technical embodiment is a considerable flow resistance to the motion of the fuel-air mixture in the vortex chamber, which is generated by the blade vortex generator. As a result, the load on the electric fan is increased. 
     The closest prior art (prototype) to the invention of the present application is an apparatus for fuel combustion (Russian Patent RU 100185). The apparatus for fuel combustion has an end wall, a first cylindrical wall, a first conical wall, an inlet port, a second cylindrical wall, a second conical wall, and an ignition means. The first cylindrical wall is embodied as round. The first conical wall is embodied as the jacket face of a truncated cone. The first cylindrical wall is connected on one end to the first conical wall on the end having the greatest diameter. The first cylindrical wall and the first conical wall are disposed coaxially. The end face is connected to the first cylindrical wall at its edge, specifically on the end that is opposite the first conical wall. The ignition means is located in a hollow chamber, which is embodied by the first cylindrical wall and the end wall. The inlet port is connected tangentially to the first cylindrical wall. At the connection point of the inlet port to the first cylindrical wall, the first opening is embodied. The second cylindrical wall is connected to the first conical wall on the end of its lesser diameter. The second conical wall on the side of the greater diameter, on the other hand, is connected to the second cylindrical wall. The second cylindrical wall and the second conical wall are disposed coaxially to the first cylindrical wall. The end face is embodied as a circle. 
     The disadvantage of this prototype is the long persistence of the combustion residues during their swirling motion in the chamber. This causes overheating of the combustion chamber and diminishes the useful effect of the apparatus for fuel combustion. 
     It is the object of the invention to enhance the useful effect in combusting the combustion residues in the combustion chamber. 
     This object is attained by the features of claim  1 . 
     SUMMARY 
     The apparatus of the invention for fuel combustion has an end wall, a first cylindrical wall, a first conical wall, a fuel-air inlet port, a second cylindrical wall, a second conical wall, and an ignition means. The first cylindrical wall is embodied as round. The first conical wall is embodied as the jacket face of a truncated cone. The first cylindrical wall is connected on one end to the first conical wall on the end of its greater diameter. The first cylindrical wall and the first conical wall are disposed coaxially. The end wall is connected to the first cylindrical wall along its edge on the end which is opposite the first conical wall. The ignition means is located in the fuel-air inlet port. The fuel-air inlet port is connected tangentially to the first cylindrical wall. The first opening is embodied at the connection point of the fuel-air inlet port and the first cylindrical wall. The second conical wall is connected on the end of its greater diameter to the second cylindrical wall. The second cylindrical wall and the second conical wall are coaxial with the first cylindrical wall. The end face is embodied circularly. The edge of the first conical wall having the lesser diameter is connected to the second cylindrical wall in the middle part of its outer surface. The second cylindrical wall is divided into an inner part and an outer part. The inner part is embodied by a region of the second cylindrical wall extending from the edge of the second cylindrical wall to the connection with the first cylindrical wall. This edge is located in a hollow chamber, which is embodied by the first cylindrical wall, the first conical wall, and the hollow cone. The outer part is embodied by a region of the second cylindrical wall from the connection with the first conical wall to the connection to the second conical wall. The cylindrical hollow chamber is embodied by a third cylindrical wall and the second cylindrical wall. The hollow cone is embodied by the jacket face of the cone and the end wall. 
     Further advantageous embodiments of the apparatus can be learned from the dependent claims. 
    
    
     
       DRAWINGS 
       One exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings. In them: 
         FIG. 1  shows a view of the apparatus from the outside; 
         FIG. 2  shows the apparatus in cross section; an 
         FIG. 3  shows the apparatus in longitudinal section. 
       In the drawings, the reference numerals have the following meanings: 
         1  the end wall 
         2  the first opening 
         3  the combustion chamber 
         4  the ignition means 
         5  the conical part 
         6  the cylindrical part 
         7  the confusor 
         8  the second opening 
         9  the second conical wall 
         10  the second cylindrical wall 
         11  the first conical wall 
         12  the first cylindrical wall 
         13  the flows of the fuel-air mixture 
         14  the fuel-air inlet port 
         15  the nozzle 
         16  the inner part 
         17  the outer part 
         18  the outlet port 
         19  the third cylindrical wall 
         20  the cylindrical hollow chamber 
         21  the inlet port 
         22  the insulation material 
         23  the hollow cone 
         24  the inlet port 
         25  the outlet port 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The primary components of the apparatus are the combustion chamber  3 , the hollow cone  23 , the conical part  5 , the cylindrical part  6  having the inner part  16  and the outer part  17 , and the confusor  7 . The inside faces of the apparatus are oriented toward one another and toward the axis of the apparatus. The outer faces of the apparatus are turned outward from the apparatus, that is, away from the axis of the apparatus. 
     In  FIG. 1 , reference numeral  1  stands for the end wall of the apparatus, and reference numeral  2  stands for the first opening into the fuel-air inlet port  14 . 
     The combustion chamber  3  is a hollow chamber, which is embodied by the first cylindrical wall  12  and the hollow cone  23 . The first cylindrical wall  12  embodied in accordance with the shape of the cylindrical surface. In an individual case, it can be circular. The first cylindrical wall  12  is joined at the edges to the hollow cone  23 . 
     The tip of the hollow cone  23  is oriented toward the combustion chamber  3  along the axis of the first cylindrical wall  12 . The hollow cone  23  is joined in airtight fashion at its circumference to the first cylindrical wall  12 . The first cylindrical wall  12  is joined, at the edge opposite the hollow cone  23 , to the first conical wall  11 . 
     The first conical wall  11  forms the conical part  5 . The first conical wall  11  is embodied as the jacket face of a truncated cone. The greater diameter of the first conical wall  11  is equal to the diameter of the first cylindrical wall  12 . The lesser diameter of the first conical wall  11  is equal to the diameter of the second cylindrical wall  10 , which described below. The conical part  5  is located coaxially to the combustion chamber  3 . The first conical wall  11  is joined in airtight fashion by its edge having the greater diameter to the first cylindrical wall  12 . The first conical wall  11  is joined by its edge having the lesser diameter to the outer surface of the second cylindrical wall  10 , specifically in the middle part of the second cylindrical wall  10 . 
     The second cylindrical wall  10  forms the cylindrical hollow chamber  20  having the third cylindrical wall  19 . The upper and lower parts of the third cylindrical wall  19  are joined to the outlet port  18  and to the inlet port  21 . 
     The second cylindrical wall  10  forms the cylindrical part  6 . The second cylindrical wall  10  is embodied as a circular cylindrical surface. The diameter of the outer surface of the second cylindrical wall  10  is embodied such that the first conical wall  11  can be connected to it by its edge having the lesser diameter of the first conical wall  11 . The part of the second cylindrical wall  10  is located in the combustion chamber  3  and the conical part  5  and forms the inner part  16  of the cylindrical part  6 . The inner part  16  represents a region of the second cylindrical wall  10  having the corresponding edge of the second cylindrical wall  10  that is located in the combustion chamber  3 , up to the connection point of the second cylindrical wall  10  to the first conical wall  11 . The outer part  17  is formed by the region of the second cylindrical wall  10  from the point where the second cylindrical wall  10  is connected to the first conical wall  11  to the edge of the second cylindrical wall  10 , which is located outside the combustion chamber  3 . The cylindrical part  6  is coaxial with the conical part  5  and with the combustion chamber  3 . The second cylindrical wall  10  is connected to the edge, located outside the combustion chamber  3 , having the second conical wall  9 , which is described below. 
     The second conical wall  9  forms the confusor  7 . The second conical wall  9  is embodied as the jacket face of a truncated cone. The greater diameter of the edge of the second conical wall  9  is identical in cross section to the diameter of the second cylindrical wall  10 . The confusor  7  is disposed coaxially to the cylindrical part  6 , the conical part  5 , and the combustion chamber  3 . The edge of the second conical wall  9  having the lesser diameter forms the second opening  8 . 
     The ignition means  4  is located in the combustion chamber  3 . As the ignition means  4 , various spark plugs, torches or other devices can for instance be used for igniting the fuel-air mixture. The ignition means  4  is disposed in the fuel-air port  14 . The first opening  2  is embodied in the first cylindrical wall  12 . The first cylindrical wall  12  is joined in airtight fashion at the circumference of the first opening  2  to the fuel-air inlet port  14 . The connection of the fuel-air inlet port  14  to the first cylindrical wall  12  is embodied such that the possibility of unhindered motion of the flows  13  of the fuel-air mixture is ensured. 
     The fuel-air inlet port  14  is embodied as a pipe segment. The fuel-air inlet port  14  is disposed tangentially to the first cylindrical wall  12 . The axis of the fuel-air inlet port  14  is located in the plane which is perpendicular to the axis of the combustion chamber  3  and does not intersect the axis of the combustion chamber  3 . The nozzle  15  is disposed in the fuel-air inlet port  14 . The nozzle  15  is the device for fuel atomization. 
     The Invention Functions As Follows: 
     The fuel and the air flow into the combustion chamber  3  via the fuel-air inlet port  14 . The fuel delivery can be effected by means of liquid-fuel or gaseous-fuel injection via the nozzle  15 . The delivery of fuel and air can be ensured both together and separately. The fuel-air mixture occurs in the fuel-air inlet port  14  regardless of the type and manner of air and fuel delivery. After the response of the ignition means  4 , the fuel-air mixture combusts in the combustion chamber  3 , creating combustion residues. The combustion residues enter into the rotational flow in the combustion chamber  3 , since the fuel-air inlet port  14  is disposed tangentially to the first cylindrical wall  12 . The hollow cone  23  in the combustion chamber  3  forms the swirl angle of the combustion residues. During the rotary motion, combustion residues of the fuel-air mixture are intensively mixed. 
     The combustion residues exit from the combustion chamber  3  into the cylindrical part  6 . The combustion residues continue their rotary motion in the cylindrical part  6 . Because of the difference in diameter between the first cylindrical wall  12  and the second cylindrical wall  10 , the speed of motion of the combustion residues is increased. 
     During the intensive rotation, the hot combustion residues flow out of the cylindrical part  6  and via the confusor  7  enter the furnace chamber of the thermal plants. 
     The confusor  7  at the end face of the cylindrical part  6  increases the flow resistance. Because of the increase in the flow resistance, the pressure in the cylindrical part  6  and in the combustion chamber  3  is increased. With the increase in pressure, the chemical reaction speed of the combustion residues also increases in proportion to it. In the process, the combustion efficiency of the fuel-air mixture is increased. 
     The hollow chamber  20  is formed by the second cylindrical wall  10  and the third cylindrical wall  19 . A refrigerant circulates in the hollow chamber  20  via the inlet port  21  and the outlet port  18 . The refrigerant also circulates in the hollow cone  23  via the inlet port  24  and outlet port  25 . The refrigerant and the insulation material  22  represent the requisite delivery of heat in the operation of the apparatus for fuel combustion. 
     Thus the embodiment of the apparatus, with the combustion chamber  3  having the tangentially disposed fuel-air inlet port  14 , the hollow cone  23 , the conical part  5  and the cylindrical part  6 , the inner part  16  and the outer part  17  disposed in the combustion chamber  3 , and the confusor  7 , ensures the increase in the combustion efficiency of the fuel-air mixture.