Patent Publication Number: US-2020277050-A1

Title: Flying vehicle&#39;s drive unit

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation-in-part application which claims the benefit of International Patent Application No. PCT/PL2018/000106, filed Nov. 5, 2018, and of Polish Patent Application No. P. 423418, filed on Nov. 12, 2017, the contents of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF INVENTION 
     This disclosure relates to a drive unit for a flying vehicle for use in the air industry, for instance in the production of flying taxis, as well as in the model-making branch and in the toy industry. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The solutions are known combining commonly known drive systems of aircrafts and helicopters or system which use propellers or turbines producing a vertical draft for vertical take-off and landing and then they change the direction of the draft into horizontal, by rotary change of position. The solutions of vertical take-off aircrafts are also known which change completely the position from vertical into horizontal. 
     From the published international application WO2003GB02770 the solution of an air vehicle drive device is known containing the fan placed in a tubular air channel and guides for distributing the air jet into two or more additional jets directed to the appropriate jet nozzles is known from. The device provides the vertical start and lifting force as well as the force for horizontal flight. 
     From the published application US 20080150083 a drive unit is known, fitted with a turbine with a distributor, placed in the air channel, longitudinally with the outlet chute of the ramjet engine. The distributor divides uniformly the flow of exhaust gas from the ramjet engine to two pairs of outlet nozzles, the outlet part of which is bent at an angle of 120° from the vertical, longitudinal axis of the nozzle. 
     From the Polish patent description PL221132 a drive of vertical take-off and landing air vehicle is known, fitted with an engine, which contains at least two pairs of air channels, located symmetrically on the right and left sides in relation to the aircraft axis. A turbine and a throttling valve, which serves for regulating the force of draft produced by the turbine and is located between the air inlet to the air channel and the turbine, are placed in each air channel. Each air channel includes a movable outlet nozzle at the outlet. 
     From the German utility model DE 29916203 U1 an aircraft with vertical take-off and landing is known. This solution describes a construction of an aircraft with vertical take-off and landing which does not have the disadvantages of a popular, conventional helicopter showing flight inefficiency and technical complexity of the drive components. 
     The solution disclosed in the utility model DE 29916203 U1 is characterized by agility and precision of hovering. The helicopter described therein may take-off and land vertically. Forces activated in it enable its vertical take-off thanks to the horizontal propellers built in the wings. The tilt of the vehicle is achieved by changing the draft of these propellers and the vehicle rotation is regulated by additional lamellae deflecting the air stream. 
     Forces generated on the tail by two opposing propellers in the vertical take-off and landing phase only allow the correction of the tail position by generating a corrective force only perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle while, in the flight phase, only parallel to this axis. 
     Contrary to the known solution, in the present solution, constituting a subject of the present patent application, the generated resultant force creating a lift may freely change direction and force while moving along a vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the drive unit from 90 degrees to 90 degrees in relation to the vertical axis of this drive unit (as shown in  FIGS. 3, 4, 4   a , and  5 ). 
     The helicopter disclosed in the prior art document DE 29916203 U1 has wings in which propellers generating vertical draft are fixed. However, the opposing propeller placed on the tail does not create lift but only a corrective force, it replaces the rear propeller in a helicopter (so that the helicopter does not revolve around its axis). 
     SUMMARY 
     The purpose of the present solution is to design such construction of drive which allows building the vertical take-off and landing air vehicles without equipping them with additional rotary drive elements or without equipping them in two drive systems, separately for vertical and horizontal flight. 
     According to the present solution the essence of the air vehicle drive unit, which has at least one air channel, the air channel being fitted with outlet-inlet nozzles openings and the drive, is that a fan ( 2 ) or fan ( 2 ′) is fixed respectively on each ends of the air channel and that each fans of the drive is connected respectively with an independent engine for individual regulation of the draft force by each of them. One of the outlet-inlet nozzles openings is placed in a wall of the central part of the air channel, between fixed drive fans, and constitutes a vertical draft force outlet-inlet nozzle opening. 
     It is favorable when the vertical draft force outlet-inlet nozzle opening has a contour of rectangle with rounded corners, elongated in the direction of longitudinal axis of the air channel 
     Most often, at least three drive units inseparably connected with each other form a stable drive system of the flying vehicle. 
     The drive unit is usually equipped with its own independent power supply system composed of battery pack and controller. 
     Typically, the drive unit housing has built-in catches for connecting several drive units in series. 
     The solution according to the present disclosure is characterized in a simple construction, which allows controlling the vehicle freely by an independent regulation of rate and direction of the air jet produced by individual fans. The vehicle can ascend, descend, rotate, fly forward and backward. 
     The drive unit allows application in its various combinations and arrangements, in flying vehicles. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The subject of the solution is displayed in the embodiment in drawings, where: 
         FIG. 1  shows schematically the flying vehicle drive unit in longitudinal section from the side; 
         FIG. 2  shows the unit in the longitudinal section from below; 
         FIG. 3  show the resultant draft force F of the drive unit, with equal draft forces F1 and F2, generated in one direction; 
         FIG. 4  shows resultant draft force F′ of the drive unit, with different draft forces F1 and F2, generated in one direction; 
         FIG. 4 a    shows resultant draft force F′ of the drive unit deflected in relation to  FIG. 4  due to a change of direction of engine  2 ′ draft and the difference of draft forces F1, F2 generated in different directions, where F2&lt;F1; 
         FIG. 5  shows vertical resultant draft force F of the drive unit with equal forces F1, and F2, generated in different directions; 
         FIG. 6  shows schematically the example of a flying vehicle with the drive unit according to the solution in an axonometric view; 
         FIG. 7  shows schematically the example of a flying vehicle with three drive units according to the solution in a bottom view; 
         FIG. 8  shows schematically the example of a flying vehicle with ten drive units connected in series into four assemblies according to the solution in a bottom view; 
         FIG. 9  shows schematically the example of a flying vehicle with three drive units according to the solution in a bottom view with marked front drive unit  6  and two rear drive units  7 ; 
         FIG. 10  shows schematically the example of a flying vehicle in a side view with a marked resultant draft force F of each of the drive units directed in one direction forward; 
         FIG. 11  shows the change of direction of resultant draft force F to vertically upwards for the front drive unit  6 ; 
         FIG. 12  shows presents the change of direction of resultant draft force F to vertically upwards for the front drive unit  6  and rear drive unit  7 ; 
         FIG. 13  shows the flying vehicle composed of a central loading box, optional wings and four drive assemblies according to the solution in a side view; 
         FIG. 14  shows the flying vehicle composed of a central loading box, optional wings and four drive assemblies according to the solution in a bottom view; 
         FIG. 15  shows the flying vehicle composed of a central loading box, optional wings and four drive assemblies according to the solution in a front view and similarly in a rear view; 
         FIG. 16  shows the drive unit equipped with two fans with a housing in a cross-sectional view; and 
         FIG. 17  shows the drive unit equipped with two fans with a housing in a plan view. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The description of illustrative embodiments according to principles of the present invention is intended to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings, which are to be considered part of the entire written description. In the description of embodiments of the invention disclosed herein, any reference to direction or orientation is merely intended for convenience of description and is not intended in any way to limit the scope of the present invention. Relative terms such as “lower”, “upper”, “horizontal,” “vertical,” “above,” “below,” “up,” “down,” “top” and “bottom” as well as derivative thereof (e.g. “horizontally,” “downwardly,” “upwardly,” etc.) should be construed to refer to the orientation as then described or as shown in the drawing under discussion. There relative terms are for convenience of description only and do not require that the apparatus be constructed or operated in a particular orientation unless explicitly indicated as such. Terms such as “attached,” “affixed,” “connected,” “coupled,” “interconnected,” and similar refer to a relationship wherein structures are secured or attached to one another either directly or indirectly through intervening structures, as well as both moveable or rigid attachments or relationships, unless expressly described otherwise. Moreover, the features and benefits of the invention are illustrated by reference to the exemplified embodiments. Accordingly, the invention expressly should not be limited to such exemplary embodiments illustrating some possible non-limited combination of features that may exist alone or in other combination of features; the scope of the invention being defined by the claims appended hereto. 
     This disclosure describes the best mode or modules of practicing the invention as presently contemplated. This description is not intended to be understood in a limiting sense, but provides an example of the invention presented solely for illustrative purposes by reference to the accompanying drawings to advise one of ordinary skill in the art of the advantages and construction of the invention. In the various views of the drawings, like reference characters designate like or similar parts. 
     The flying vehicle drive unit, according to the present solution, presented in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , is formed by the air channel  1 , in the form of a straight segment of a tube with circular section, which has the fans  2  and  2 ′ with engines  3  and  3 ′ fixed on its both ends. The horizontal draft force outlet-inlet nozzles opening  4  is located on both ends of the air channel  1 , while the vertical draft force outlet-inlet nozzle opening  5  is placed between the fixed fans  2  and  2 ′ of the drive unit and situated longitudinally in the wall of the central part of the air channel  1 . 
     Differences in the engine  3  and  3 ′ speeds generate different air flows on the fans generating a resultant air flow deflected in relation to the vertical axis of the whole drive unit at an angle of 0° to +/−90°, generating a resultant lifting force F 3 , F 4  ( FIG. 4  and  FIG. 4 a   ) directed against the air flow. 
     A drive unit in the vertical flight mode, where two fans  2  and  2 ′ operating in different directions with draft forces F 1 , F 2  generate a resultant air flow flowing through the vertical draft force outlet-inlet nozzle opening  5  and directed vertically downward, generating resultant draft force F″, is presented in  FIG. 5 . 
     A flying vehicle with the drive unit in delta configuration, where there are three separate air channels  1  with the drives, in the form of a fan  2  or  2 ′ respectively, with engine  3  or  3 ′ fixed on the both ends of the air channels, is presented in  FIG. 6 ,  FIG. 7  and  FIG. 9 . 
     A flying vehicle with drive units connected in series in which there are two assemblies (two composed of three drive units connected in series and two composed of two drive units connected in series), is presented in  FIG. 8 . 
     As explained above, a vehicle in delta system with one front drive unit  6  and two rear drive units  7  is presented in  FIG. 9 . 
     A version of coupling of the drive units, described above in  FIG. 9 , has also been presented in  FIG. 10 , where a vehicle in delta system in horizontal flight mode together with forces generated by front drive unit  6  and two rear drive units  7 , which generate forces parallel to vehicle axis and directed forward, is shown from the side. 
     A change of operation of the front drive unit  6 , which generates an air flow perpendicular to the vehicle axis and directed downward, generating an upward force perpendicular to the vehicle axis and directed upward, is presented in  FIG. 11 . In this mode of operation, the force directed upward in the front of the vehicle will generate torque by lifting the vehicle&#39;s nose upwards. 
     A change of operation of the rear drive units  7  which, while operating in the same way as the front drive units  6 , generate an air flow directed downward generating an upward force perpendicular to the vehicle axis and directed upward, is presented in  FIG. 12 . In this mode of operation, depending on the draft force, the vehicle may rise, fall or remain hovering. 
     The flying vehicle is composed of: a central loading box, optional wings and four assemblies  8  of the drive units is presented in  FIGS. 13, 14 and 15 . Each of the assemblies  8  is composed of four drive units. The number of drive units in the assembly  8  may be variable and amounts at least one unit, whereas the number of used drive units results from the required load capacity and maximum mechanical strength of such a system. The wings and the drive units may be detached from the box and the size of the drive units and wings will allow them to be stored inside the box. 
     A drive unit equipped with two fans  2  and  2 ′ enclosed by a pipe  9  generating air channel is presented in  FIGS. 16 and 17 . Engines  3  and  3 ′ are connected by cables  10  to a controller  11  and placed in an internal tube  12  located along the longitudinal axis of the drive unit. The transverse stiffening elements  13  form a support for the housing and battery packs  14  arranged in the tubes  15  in the internal space between the pipe  9  generating air channel and the external housing  18 . 
     The battery pack  14  is connected by wires  16  to the controller  11 . The external housing  18  is equipped with catches  17  which enable connecting drive units into series. 
     Depending on directions and force of drafts generated by two fans  2  and  2 ′ installed in the drive unit, the air channel  1 , fitted with three openings (i.e. two horizontal draft force outlet-inlet nozzles openings  4  and a vertical draft force outlet-inlet nozzle opening  5 ), generates a resultant draft in any direction in a vertical plane passing through the axis of the drive unit. Each of the drive units may generate a draft in a different direction in accordance with the control algorithm of the entire vehicle. Owing to this, the vehicle can achieve a stable direction of flight in any direction, i.e. vertical ascending and descending and horizontal forward and backward together with the rotary movement of the entire vehicle. 
     The drive units according to the application enable construction of the flying vehicles of the vertical take-off in various configurations starting from the drones with three drive units through specific transport vehicles with different payloads to vehicles in a modular system with ability to configure payload and range. 
     The prototype of the solution filed for protection accurately accomplishes the intended purpose and taken measurements indicate the high efficiency of the entire system in the most difficult mode of the vertical flight, oscillating above 85% efficiency. 
     Most of the known vehicles of vertical take-off optimize flows and the resulting draft force by using rotary drive elements, rotary wings or by using two drive systems for vertical flight and, separately, for horizontal flight, which generates a significant increase in weight and complexity of the entire construction. 
     However, the construction according to the present solution is optimal in terms of strength what created possibility of significantly reducing the weight of the entire vehicle, simplifying the entire construction and increasing safety in comparison to the competing solutions. 
     While the present invention has been described at some length and with some particularity with respect to the several described embodiments, it is not intended that is should be limited to any such particulars or embodiments or any particular embodiment, but it is to be construed with references to be appended claims so as to provide the broadest possible interpretation of such claims in view of the prior art and, therefore, to effectively encompass the intended scope of the invention. Furthermore, the foregoing describes the invention in terms of embodiments foreseen by the inventor for which an enabling description was available, notwithstanding that insubstantial modifications of the invention, not presently foreseen, may nonetheless represent equivalents thereto. 
     LIST OF ELEMENTS 
     
         
         
           
               1 . Air channel, 
               2 . Fan (and  2 ′), 
               3 . Engine (and  3 ′), 
               4 . Horizontal draft force outlet-inlet nozzle opening, 
               5 . Vertical draft force outlet-inlet nozzle opening, 
               6 . Front drive unit, 
               7 . Rear drive unit, 
               8 . Assembly (composed of four drive units), 
               9 . Pipe (generating air channel), 
               10 . Cable, 
               11 . Controller, 
               12 . Internal tube, 
               13 . Transverse stiffening element, 
               14 . Battery pack, 
               15 . Tube, 
               16 . Wire, 
               17 . Catch, 
               18 . External housing.