Patent Publication Number: US-2022221638-A1

Title: Electronic apparatus having ink layer printed for forming opening on glass substrate covering display panel

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/KR2021/020238 designating the United States, filed on Dec. 30, 2021, in the Korean Intellectual Property Receiving Office and claiming priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0002331, filed on Jan. 8, 2021, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Field 
     The disclosure relates to an electronic apparatus having a display panel and a camera, and for example to an electronic apparatus having a structure with a hole for a camera on a glass substrate covering a display panel and a camera. 
     Description of Related Art 
     To compute and process information in accordance with certain processes, an electronic apparatus basically includes a central processing unit (CPU), a chipset, a memory, and the like electronic components for the computation. Such an electronic apparatus may be variously classified in accordance with what information will be processed and what it is used for. For example, the electronic apparatus is classified into an information processing apparatus such as a personal computer (PC), a server or the like for processing general information; an image processing apparatus for processing image data; an audio apparatus for audio process; home appliances for miscellaneous household chores; etc. The image processing apparatus may be embodied as a display apparatus that displays an image based on processed image data on its own display panel. In particular, there is a mobile device miniaturized to be portable among the display apparatuses, and the mobile device may for example include a smartphone a tablet computer, etc. 
     In the electronic apparatus having the display panel, a bezel is provided surrounding the display panel. Typically, such a bezel refers to the frame of the electronic apparatus, which hides wiring lines of an electric circuit in the electronic apparatus and an inactive area around a screen, where an image is not displayed, and functions to protect a glass substrate on the front of the electronic apparatus from shock. Recently, the bezel has been designed to decrease in width to achieve a larger screen without increasing the overall size of the electronic apparatus. Conventionally, the bezel includes a camera hole for a front camera of the electronic apparatus, in which the width of the bezel is designed to be larger than the diameter of the camera hole. As an example of further decreasing the width of the bezel, there is a design method of disposing the camera hole in an active area of the display panel, where an image is displayed. In this case, the camera hole is not disposed in the bezel, and it is therefore possible to further decrease the width of the bezel. 
     However, it has been required to reduce the size of the camera hole for various reasons such as increasing the size of the screen, satisfying a user&#39;s aesthetic sense, etc. For example, the camera hole is formed by printing ink having a predetermined color on the glass substrate in a ring shape. As the diameter and thickness of the ring become smaller, defects are likely to occur in the camera hole due to problems that the ink to be printed is smudged, etc. 
     Accordingly, there may be required a method of easily forming a small front camera hole without excessive design change and additional equipment, and an electronic apparatus manufactured using the same method. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to an example embodiment of the disclosure, there is provided an electronic apparatus including: a housing; a transparent glass substrate covering at least a portion of the housing, and including a first surface facing in a first direction and a second surface facing in a second direction opposite to the first direction; a display panel accommodated in the housing, covered with the glass substrate, and including at least one opening configured for light transmission in a display area where an image is displayed; and an ink layer having an opaque color, applied to an opaque area surrounding an edge of the opening to form a light-transmission area corresponding to the opening on the second surface, the ink layer including an inclined area where the ink layer becomes narrower in the second direction from the second surface. 
     The electronic may further include a laser dot-pattern area adjacent to the opaque area and formed on the second surface of the glass substrate. 
     The laser dot-pattern area may be formed by at least one of a carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) laser or a green laser. 
     The inclined area formed based on the CO 2  laser may be different in inclination angle from the inclined area formed based on the green laser. 
     The electronic may further include an optical sensor, wherein the opening is provided to accommodate at least a portion of the optical sensor. 
     The electronic may further include an adhesive layer interposed between the glass substrate and the display panel to couple the display panel and the glass substrate. 
     The adhesive layer may include an optically clear adhesive (OCA). 
     The inclined area may include a first inclined surface formed at an outer edge of the ink layer and being in contact with the adhesive layer. 
     The electronic apparatus may further include a first laser dot-pattern area formed along the edge of the first inclined surface, on the second surface of the glass substrate being in contact with the adhesive layer. 
     The inclined area may include a second inclined surface formed at an inner edge of the ink layer surrounding the light-transmission area. 
     The electronic apparatus may further include a second laser dot-pattern area formed along the edge of the second inclined surface, on the second surface of the glass substrate. 
     The ink layer may be formed by a black ink layer printed on the glass substrate. 
     The inclined area may be formed by machining the black ink layer based on a CO 2  laser. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other aspects, features and advantages of certain embodiments of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating an example electronic apparatus in a network environment according to various embodiments. 
         FIG. 2  is a front perspective view of an electronic apparatus according to various embodiments; 
         FIG. 3  is a rear perspective view of the electronic apparatus in  FIG. 2  according to various embodiments; 
         FIG. 4  is a lateral cross-section view illustrating a front camera module of  FIG. 2  provided in a front plate according to various embodiments; 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram matching a cross-section view and a plan view of an ink layer and a laser dot-pattern area according to various embodiments; 
         FIG. 6  is a diagram illustrating an example machining method based on a CO 2  laser-beam machining apparatus according to various embodiments; 
         FIG. 7  is a diagram illustrating a profile of a section machined using a CO 2  laser according to various embodiments; 
         FIG. 8  is a diagram illustrating a profile of a section machined using a green laser according to various embodiments; 
         FIG. 9  is a graph showing a relationship between a laser-beam size and energy intensity according to various embodiments; and 
         FIG. 10  is a diagram illustrating example polylines based on difference in frequency of laser output according to various embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Below, various example embodiments will be described in greater detail with reference to accompanying drawings. Further, the various example embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are not exclusive to each other unless otherwise mentioned, and a plurality of embodiments may be selectively combined within one apparatus. The combination of these plural embodiments may be discretionally selected and applied to realize the technical concept of the disclosure by a person having an ordinary skill in the art. 
     Various embodiments of the disclosure and the terms used herein are not intended to limit the technical features described in the disclosure to specific embodiments, and it will be understood that they include various modifications, equivalents, and/or alternatives to the corresponding embodiments. In terms of the drawings, similar reference numerals may be used for similar or related elements. A singular form of a noun corresponding to an item is intended to include one item or a plurality of items unless otherwise mentioned contextually. In the disclosure, the phrases “A or B, A, B” “at least one of A and B”, “at least one of A or B”, “or C”, “at least one of A, B and C”, “at least one of A, B or B”, or the like may include one, or all possible combinations of elements enumerated together in the corresponding phrase. The terms “first”, “second”, etc. are used simply to distinguish one element from another, and do not limit the elements in other aspects (for example, importance or order). 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating an example configuration of an electronic apparatus in a network environment according to various embodiments. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , in a network environment  3 , an electronic apparatus  1  may communicate with an electronic apparatus  2  through a first network  98  (e.g., a short-range wireless communication network), or communicate with at least one of an electronic apparatus  4  or a server  8  through a second network  99  (e.g., a long-range wireless communication network). According to an embodiment, the electronic apparatus  1  may communicate with the electronic apparatus  4  with the server  8 . According to an embodiment, the electronic apparatus  1  may include a processor  20 , a memory  30 , an input module  50 , a sound output module  55 , a display module  60 , an audio module  70 , a sensor module  76 , an interface  77 , a connection terminal  78 , a haptic module  79 , a camera module  80 , a power management module  88 , a battery  89 , a communication module  90 , a subscriber identification module  96 , or an antenna module  97 . In various embodiments, the electronic apparatus  1  may exclude at least one (e.g., the connection terminal  78 ) of these elements, or may additionally include one or more other elements. In various embodiments, some (e.g., the sensor module  76 , the camera module  80 , or the antenna module  97 ) of these elements may be integrated into a single element (e.g., the display module  60 ). 
     The processor  20  may for example execute software (e.g., a program  40 ) to control at least one of other elements (e.g., hardware or software elements) of the electronic apparatus  1  connected to the processor  20 , and to perform various data processes or operations. According to an embodiment, as at least a part of the data process or operation, the processor may store an instruction or data received from other elements (e.g., the sensor module  76  or the communication module  90 ) in a volatile memory  32 , process the instruction or data stored in the volatile memory  32 , and store data of processing results in a nonvolatile memory  34 . According to an embodiment, the processor  20  may include a main processor (e.g., a central processing unit or an application processor), or may include an auxiliary processor  23  (e.g., a graphic processing unit, a neural processing unit (NPU), an image signal processor, a sensor hub processor, or a communication processor) independently or with the main processor  21 . For example, when the electronic apparatus  1  includes both the main processor  21  and the auxiliary processor  23 , the auxiliary processor  23  may be set to use less power than the main processor  21  or to specialize in a designated function. The auxiliary processor  23  may be embodied separately from or as a part of the main processor  21 . 
     The auxiliary processor  23  may for example control at least a part of functions or states related to at least one element (e.g., the display module  60 , the sensor module  76  or the communication module  90 ) among the elements of the electronic apparatus  1 , instead of the main processor  21  while the main processor  21  is inactive (e.g., sleep), or with the main processor  21  while the main processor  21  is active (e.g., to execute an application). According to an embodiment, the auxiliary processor  23  (e.g., the image signal processor or the communication processor) may be embodied as a part of other functionally-related elements (e.g., the camera module or the communication module  90 ). According to an embodiment, the auxiliary processor  23  (e.g., the NPU) may include a hardware structure that specialize in processing an artificial intelligence (AI) model. The AI model may be created through machine learning. Such learning may for example be performed in the electronic apparatus  1  itself on which the AI model is processed, or may be performed through a separate server (e.g., the server  8 ). The learning algorithm may for example include but not be limited to supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, or reinforcement learning. The AI model may include a plurality of artificial neural network layers. The artificial neural network may include but be not limited to a deep neural network (DNN), a convolutional neural network (CNN), a recurrent neural network (RNN), a restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM), a deep belief network (DBN), a bidirectional recurrent deep neural network (BRDNN), deep Q-networks, or one of two or more combinations thereof. Besides the hardware structure, the AI model may additionally or alternatively include a software structure. 
     The memory  30  may be configured to store various pieces of data to be used for at least one element (e.g., the processor  20  or the sensor module  76 ) of the electronic apparatus  1 . The data may for example include software (e.g., the program  40 ), input data or output data with regard to an instruction related to the software. The memory  30  may include the volatile memory  32  or the nonvolatile memory  34 . 
     The program  40  may be stored as software in the memory  30 , and may for example include an operating system  42 , a middleware  44  or an application  46 . 
     The input module  50  may receive the instruction or data to be used for the element (e.g., the processor  20 ) of the electronic apparatus  1  from the outside (e.g., a user) of the electronic apparatus  1 . The input module  50  may for example include a microphone, a mouse, a keyboard, a key (e.g., a button), or a digital pen (e.g., a stylus pen). 
     The sound output module  55  may output a sound signal to the outside of the electronic apparatus  1 . The sound output module  55  may for example include a loudspeaker or a receiver. The loudspeaker may be used for general purposes such as multimedia reproduction, or recording reproduction. The receiver may be used for receiving an incoming call. According to an embodiment, the receiver may be embodied separately from or as a part of the loudspeaker. 
     The display module  60  may visually provide information to the outside (e.g., a user) of the electronic apparatus  1 . The display module  60  may for example include a display, a hologram device or a projector, and a control circuit for controlling the corresponding device. According to an embodiment, the display module  60  may include a touch sensor set to detect a touch, or a pressure sensor set to measure the strength of force caused by the touch. 
     The audio module  70  may convert a sound into an electric signal or may reversely convert an electric signal into a sound. According to an embodiment, the audio module  70  may obtain a sound through the input module  50 , or output a sound through the sound output module  55 , or an external electronic apparatus (e.g., the electronic apparatus  2 , the loudspeaker or a headphone) directly or wirelessly connected to the electronic apparatus  1 . 
     The sensor module  76  may detect the operating state of the electronic apparatus  1  (e.g., power or temperature) or the state of an external environment (e.g., a user condition), and generate an electric signal or data value corresponding to the detected state. According to an embodiment, the sensor module  76  may for example include a gesture sensor, a gyro sensor, a barometer, a magnetic sensor, an accelerometer, a grip sensor, a proximity sensor, a color sensor, an infrared (IR) sensor, a biometric sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, or an illuminance sensor. 
     The interface  77  may support one or more designated protocols to be used by the electronic apparatus  1  to be directly or wirelessly connected to the external electronic apparatus (e.g., the electronic apparatus  2 ). According to an embodiment, the interface  77  may for example include a high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI), a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a secured digital (SD) card interface, or an audio interface. 
     The connection terminal  78  may include a connector by which the electronic apparatus  1  is physically connectable to the external electronic apparatus (e.g., the electronic apparatus  2 ). According to an embodiment, the connection terminal  78  may for example include an HDMI connector, a USB connector, an SD card connector, or an audio connector (e.g., a headphone connector). 
     The haptic module  79  may convert an electric signal into a mechanical stimulus (e.g., vibration or movement) or an electric stimulus to be recognized by a user through tactile or kinesthetic senses. According to an embodiment, the haptic module  79  may for example include a motor, a piezoelectric device, or an electro-stimulator. 
     The camera module  80  may be configured to take a still image or a moving image. According to an embodiment, the camera module  80  may include one or more lenses, image sensors, image signal processors, or flashes. 
     The power management module  88  may be configured to manage power supplied to the electronic apparatus  1 . According to an embodiment, the power management module  88  may for example be embodied as at least a part of a power management integrated circuit (PMIC). 
     The battery  89  may supply power to at least one element of the electronic apparatus  1 . According to an embodiment, the battery  89  may for example include a non-rechargeable primary cell, a rechargeable secondary cell, or a fuel cell. 
     The communication module  90  may establish a direct (e.g., wired) communication channel or wireless communication channel between the electronic apparatus  1  and the external electronic apparatus (e.g., the electronic apparatus  2 , the electronic apparatus  4 , or the server  8 ), and support communication based on the established communication channel. The communication module  90  may operate independently of the processor  20  (e.g., the application processor), and include one or more communication processors to support the direct (e.g., wired) communication or wireless communication. According to an embodiment, the communication module  90  may include a wireless communication module  92  (e.g., a cellular communication module, a short-range wireless communication module, or a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communication module) or a wired communication module  94  (e.g., a local area network (LAN) communication module, or a power-line communication module). Among these communication modules, the corresponding communication module may communicate with the external electronic apparatus  4  through the first network  98  (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi direct or infrared data association (IrDA) or the like short-range communication network) or the second network  99  (e.g., a legacy cellular network, a 5G network, a next-generation communication network, the Internet, a computer network (e.g., LAN or a wide area network (WAN)), or the like long-range communication network). Such various kinds of communication modules may be integrated into one element (e.g., a single chip), or a plurality of element (e.g., a plurality of chips) separated from one another. The wireless communication module  92  may use subscriber information (e.g., international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI)) stored in the subscriber identification module  96  to identify or authenticate the electronic apparatus  1  in the communication network such as the first network  98  or the second network  99 . 
     The wireless communication module  92  may support a 5G network and the next-generation communication technology, for example, new radio (NR) access technology, after the 4G network. The NR access technology may support high-speed transmission of high-capacity data (enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)), minimization of terminal power and access of multiple terminals (massive machine type communications (mMTC)), or ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC). The wireless communication module  92  may for example support a high frequency band (e.g., an mmWave band) to achieve a high data-transmission rate. The wireless communication module  92  may support various technologies for securing performance in a high frequency band, for example, beamforming, massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO), full dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), an array antenna, analog beam-forming, a large-scale antenna, or the like technologies. The wireless communication module  92  may support various requirements stipulated in the electronic apparatus  1 , the external electronic apparatus (e.g., the electronic apparatus  4 ) or the network system (e.g., the second network  99 ). According to an embodiment, the wireless communication module  92  may support a peak data rate (e.g., higher than or equal to 20 Gbps) for the eMBB, loss coverage (e.g., lower than or equal to 164 dB) for the mMTC, or U-plane latency (e.g., lower than or equal to 0.5 ms at downlink (DL) and uplink (UL), or lower than or equal to 1 ms at a round trip) for the URLLC. 
     The antenna module  97  may be configured to transmit or receive a signal or power to the outside (e.g., the external electronic apparatus) or from the outside. According to an embodiment, the antenna module  97  may include an antenna with an emitter provided as a conductor or conductive pattern formed on a substrate (e.g., a printed circuit board (PCB)). According to an embodiment, the antenna module  97  may include a plurality of antennas (e.g., an array antenna). In this case, at least one antenna suitable for communication used in the first network  98 , the second network  99  or the like communication network may for example be selected by the communication module  90  among the plurality of antennas. The signal or power may be transmitted or received between the communication module  90  and the external electronic apparatus through at least one antenna selected as above. According to various embodiments, besides the emitter, another element (e.g., a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC)) may be additionally formed as a part of the antenna module  97 . 
     According to various embodiments, the antenna module  97  may form an mmWave antenna module. According to an embodiment, the mmWave antenna module may include the RFIC disposed on or adjacent to a PCB, on a first surface (e.g., on a bottom surface) of the PCB and capable of supporting a designated high-frequency band (e.g., the mmWave band), and a plurality of antennas (e.g., the array antenna) disposed on or adjacent to a second surface (e.g., on a top or lateral surface) of the PCB and capable of transmitting or receiving a signal in the designated high-frequency band. 
     At least some among the elements may be connected to each other through a communication method between peripheral units (e.g., a bus, a general-purpose input and output (GPIO)), a serial peripheral interface (SPI), or a mobile industry processor interface (MIPI)), and exchange a signal (e.g., the instruction or data) with each other. 
     According to an embodiment, the instruction or data may be transmitted or received between the electronic apparatus  1  and the external electronic apparatus  4  through the server  8  connected to the second network  99 . Each external electronic apparatus  2  or  4  may be the same or different type of apparatus as the electronic apparatus  1 . According to an embodiment, all or some operations performed in the electronic apparatus  1  may be performed in one or more external electronic apparatuses among the external electronic apparatuses  2 ,  4  or  8 . For example, when the electronic apparatus  1  needs to perform a certain function or service automatically or in response to a request from a user or another apparatus, the electronic apparatus  1  may request one or more external electronic apparatuses to execute at least a part of the function or service instead of or in addition to execution of the function or service in itself. One or more external electronic apparatuses, which have received the request, may execute at least a part of the requested function or service, or an additional function or service related to the request, and transmit a result of the execution to the electronic apparatus  1 . The electronic apparatus  1  may provide the result as it is or as it is additionally processed, as at least a part of response to the request. To this end, there may be used computing technologies, for example, cloud computing, distributed computing, mobile edge computing (MEC), or client-server computing. The electronic apparatus  1  may for example employ the distributed computing or the MEC to provide a ultra-low latency service. According to an embodiment, the external electronic apparatus  4  may employ an Internet of things (IoT) device. The server  8  may include an intelligent server based on the machine learning and/or neural network. According to an embodiment, the external electronic apparatus  4  or the server  8  may be included in the second network  99 . The electronic apparatus  1  may be applied to an intelligent service (e.g., a smart home, a smart city, a smart car, or health care) based on the 5G communication technology and IoT-related technology. 
     The electronic apparatus  1  according to various embodiments of the disclosure may include various types of apparatuses. The electronic apparatus  1  may for example include a mobile communication apparatus (e.g., a smartphone), a computer system, a portable multimedia device, a portable medical apparatus, a camera, a wearable device, home appliances, or the like. The electronic apparatus  1  according to the embodiments of the disclosure is not limited to the foregoing apparatuses. 
       FIG. 2  is a front perspective view of an electronic apparatus according to various embodiments, and  FIG. 3  is a rear perspective view of the electronic apparatus in  FIG. 2  according to various embodiments. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 , the electronic apparatus  1  according to various embodiments may include a housing  1000 . The housing  1000  forms at least a part of a front surface  101 , a back surface  102 , and a lateral surface (or a lateral wall, frame, bezel, etc.)  103  surrounding a space between the front surface  101  and the back surface  102  of the electronic apparatus  1 . 
     In the accompanying drawings, X, Y, Z directions are shown. The X direction refers to a widthwise direction of the electronic apparatus  1 , the Y direction refers to a lengthwise direction of the electronic apparatus  1 , and the Z direction refers to a direction normal to the front surface  101  of the electronic apparatus  1 . 
     According to various embodiments, the electronic apparatus  1  may include a substantially transparent front plate  2000  (e.g., a glass or polymer substrate including various coating layers) forming at least a portion of the front surface  101 . In other words, the front plate  2000  corresponding to the front surface of the electronic apparatus  1 , on which a screen is formed. The edges of the front plate  2000  may be supported by the housing  1000 . The front plate  2000  may be designed to form a curved portion seamlessly extended bending from the front surface  101  toward a back plate  3000  in at least a one-side end portion. The front plate  2000  may include a protective film layer attached to the surface of the front plate  2000  in the Z direction. In a case of the electronic apparatus  1  in which a sensor (e.g., an ultrasonic fingerprint sensor) is mounted onto the display module  60 , the protective film layer is provided to protect such a sensor. In this case, the protective film layer may include an opening in an area corresponding to a camera module  81 . 
     According to various embodiments, the electronic apparatus  1  may include the substantially opaque back plate  3000  forming at least a portion of the back surface  102 . The back plate  3000  may for example be formed by coated or tinted glass, ceramic, polymer, metal (e.g., aluminum, stainless steel (STS), or magnesium) or combination of at least two of these materials. The back plate  3000  may be designed to form a curved portion seamlessly extended bending from the back surface  102  toward the front plate  2000  in at least a one-side end portion. 
     According to various embodiments, the housing  1000  may be formed integrally with and including the same material (e.g., aluminum or the like metal) as the front plate  2000  and/or the back plate  3000 . For example, the electronic apparatus  1  may have a structure where the front plate  2000  forms the front surface  101 , and the housing  1000  supporting the edges of the front plate  2000  forms the back surface  102  and the lateral surface  103  of the housing  1000 . 
     The housing  1000  may include a microphone hole  105 , loudspeaker holes  110  and  120 , a connector hole  130 , etc. However, one or more among the microphone hole  105 , the loudspeaker holes  110  and  120 , and the connector hole  130  may alternatively be designed to be provided in the front plate  2000  or the back plate  3000 . In various embodiments, a microphone for obtaining an external sound may be placed inside the microphone hole  105 . In various embodiments, a plurality of microphones may be placed inside the microphone hole  105  to detect the direction of a sound. In various embodiments, the loudspeaker hole  110  and the microphone hole  105  may be provided as a single hole, or a loudspeaker (e.g., a piezo loudspeaker) may be provided without the loudspeaker holes  110  and  120 . The loudspeaker holes  110  and  120  may include the external loudspeaker holes. The connector hole  130  may accommodate therein a connector for exchanging power and/or data with the external electronic apparatus, a connector for exchanging an audio signal with the external electronic apparatus, and/or the like connection terminal  78  (see  FIG. 1 ). For example, the connector hole  130  may include a USB connector or an earphone jack. 
     According to various embodiments, the electronic apparatus  1  may include at least one of the display module  60 , the camera modules  80  (refer to  FIG. 1 ),  81 ,  82 ,  83 , and/or a key input module  51 . The electronic apparatus  1  may be designed to exclude at least one (e.g., the key input module  51 ) from the elements, or additionally include another undescribed element. For example, the electronic apparatus  1  may include a sensor module (not shown). For example, a fingerprint sensor, a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor or the like sensor may be integrated into the display module  60  or disposed at a position adjacent to the display module  60  within the area provided by the front plate  2000 . The electronic apparatus  1  may further include a light emitting device, and the light emitting device may be disposed at a position adjacent to the display module  60  within the area provided by the front plate  2000 . The light emitting device may for example provide information about the state of the electronic apparatus  1  in the form of light. The light emitting device may for example provide a light source interacting with the operation of the camera module  81 . The light emitting device may for example include at least one among a light emitting diode (LED), an infrared (IR) LED or a xenon lamp. 
     The display module  60  may for example be covered with the front plate  2000 . The edges of the display module  60  may be designed to have substantially the same shape as the adjacent outer edges (e.g., the curved portion) of the front plate  2000 . According to an embodiment, to enlarge the area in which the display module  60  is exposed, the outer edges of the display module  60  may have the same shape as the outer edges of the front plate  2000 . A recess or opening may be formed in a portion of a screen display area of the display module  60 , and other electronic parts, for example, the camera module  81 , the proximity sensor (not shown) or the illuminance sensor (not shown) may be included being aligned with the recess or the opening. 
     The key input module  51  may be disposed on the lateral surface  103  of the housing  1000 . The electronic apparatus  1  may be designed to exclude some or all the foregoing key input modules  51 , and the excluded key input module  51  may be embodied in different forms such as a soft key, etc. on the display module  60 . 
     The electronic apparatus  1  may include the sensor module (not shown) to generate an electric signal or a data value corresponding to an internal operating state or an external environmental state. The sensor module may for example further include the proximity sensor disposed on the front surface  101  of the housing  1000 , the fingerprint sensor integrated into or adjacent to the display module  60 , and/or the biometric sensor (e.g., a heat rate monitor (HRM) sensor) disposed on the back surface  102  of the housing  1000 . The electronic apparatus  1  may further include at least one of various sensor modules, for example, and without limitation, the gesture sensor, the gyro sensor, the barometer, the magnetic sensor, the accelerometer, the grip sensor, the color sensor, the IR sensor, the biometric sensor, the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, the illuminance sensor, or the like. The electronic apparatus  1  may be designed to be combined with or adjacent to a touch detection circuit, a pressure sensor for measuring the strength (pressure) of a touch, and/or a digitizer for detecting a stylus pen using a magnetic field. 
     The camera module  80  (refer to  FIG. 1 ) may include a first camera module (or a front camera module)  81  disposed on the front surface  101  of the electronic apparatus  1 , one or more second camera modules (or back camera modules)  82  and  83  disposed on the back surface  102 , and/or a flash  84 . The camera modules  81 ,  82  and  83  may include a single lens or a plurality of lenses, an image sensor, and/or an image signal processor. The flash  84  may for example include a light emitting diode or a xenon lamp. Two or more lenses (e.g., an IR camera, a pantoscopic lens, and a telescopic lens) and image sensors may be disposed on one surface of the electronic apparatus  1 . 
     Below, a structure where the front camera module  81  of the electronic apparatus  1  is installed will be described in greater detail. 
       FIG. 4  is a lateral cross-section view showing a front camera module of  FIG. 2  provided in a front plate according to various embodiments. 
     As shown in  FIG. 4 , the front plate  2000  covers the display module  60  and the camera module  81 . The front plate  2000  includes a first surface  2100  facing toward the outside of the electronic apparatus  1  and which may be exposed to be touched by a user, and a second surface  2200  disposed opposite to the first surface  2100  and facing toward the inside of the electronic apparatus  1 . The second surface  2200  of the front plate  2000  faces toward the display module  60  and the camera module  81 . 
     The display module  60  is formed with a camera accommodating hole  61  penetrating a certain area thereof. The camera module  81  is accommodated in the camera accommodating hole  61 . The surface of the display module  60  covered with the front plate  2000  is broadly divided into three areas: a first area may include a display area Ad where an image is displayed by the display module  60 ; a second area may include a light-transmission area At where light is transmitted for the camera module  81  so that the camera module  81  can take an image (e.g., receive light); and a third area may include an opaque area An provided to surround the light-transmission area At and form a boundary between the display area Ad and the light-transmission area At. A margin may be formed in consideration of tolerance between the light-transmission area At and the opaque area An and between the opaque area An and the display area Ad. The light-transmission area At may be positioned corresponding to the camera accommodating hole  61 , and have a smaller diameter than the camera accommodating hole  61 . The camera module  81  may be bigger than the light-transmission area At. In this case, only a portion (e.g., a lens area) of the camera module  81  is exposed to the outside through the light-transmission area At. 
     In an embodiment, the camera accommodating hole  61  accommodates the camera module  81  therein. However, the camera accommodating hole  61  may alternatively be designed to accommodate not the camera module  81  but the optical sensor (e.g., the proximity sensor, the fingerprint sensor, etc.) in the corresponding opening thereof. In this case, a material (e.g., ink or the like) for forming a translucent area may be applied to the area of the second surface  2200  of the front plate  2000  corresponding to the opening. 
     The display module  60  may include a display panel  62 . The display panel  62  forms a screen on which an image is displayed. The display panel  62  may be variously designed, for example, to include a non self-emissive light emitting device such as a liquid crystal display, or a self-emissive light emitting device such as an organic light emitting diode. In this embodiment, the display panel  62  and a polarizing layer  63  (to be described later) are described as individual elements. However, according to points of view, the polarizing layer  63  may be regarded as an element involved in the display panel  62 . Further, the display module  60  may include a touch sensor or a digitizer sensor coupled to the display panel  62 . The touch sensor or the digitizer sensor is configured to detect a touch input based on a user&#39;s finger or the like or a touch input based on the stylus pen. The touch sensor may be provided on the display panel  62  in the Z direction (e.g., in a direction toward the front plate  2000 ). The digitizer sensor may be provided on the display panel  62  in the −Z direction. 
     The display module  60  may include the polarizing layer  63 . The polarizing layer  63  is provided to perform various functions according to the structures of the display panel  62 . When the display panel  62  includes the non self-emissive light emitting device, the polarizing layer  63  functions as a shutter for selectively transmitting light having properties needed for displaying an image. On the other hand, when the display panel  62  includes the self-emissive light emitting device, the polarizing layer  63  functions to enhance visibility by clearly expressing a black screen of the display panel  62  and suppressing reflection of external light from the display panel  62 . Alternatively, when the display panel  62  is the self-emissive light emitting device, the display module  60  may be designed to exclude the polarizing layer  63 . 
     The electronic apparatus  1  includes an adhesive layer  64  by which the display module  60  including the display panel  62  adheres to the front plate  2000 . The adhesive layer  64  makes the display panel  62  or the polarizing layer  63  adhere to the second surface  2200  of the front plate  2000 . Because light is refracted or reflected at a boundary between layers of different materials, the adhesive layer  64  includes an optical material so that difference in characteristics between incident light and exit light can be as small as possible, thereby minimizing or significantly reducing deterioration in the visibility of the display. Further, because the adhesive layer  64  covers one side of the display panel  62 , the adhesive layer  64  needs to not only have high transparency but also maintain the high transparency at the time of adhesion not to change over time. For example, the adhesive layer  64  may include an optically clear adhesive (OCA). 
     According to an embodiment, the electronic apparatus  1  includes an ink layer  4000  having an opaque color and applied to the opaque area An, so that the light-transmission area At can be formed corresponding to the camera accommodating hole  61  on the second surface  2200  of the front plate  2000 . The ink layer  4000  may be provided by printing ink having a predetermined (specified) color on the second surface  2200  of the front plate  2000 . There are no limits to the opaque color of the ink layer  4000 , in which the opaque color may for example include black having high light absorptivity. The ink layer  4000  may, for example, be shaped like a ring to form the opening, e.g., the light-transmission area At through which incident light passes to enter the camera module  81 . The ink layer  4000  forms the opaque area An, thereby minimizing or reducing interference between light passing through the light-transmission area At and light based on an image displayed on the display area Ad. 
     The ink layer  4000  may be provided to have a trapezoidal cross-section turned upside down in  FIG. 4 . In other words, the ink layer  4000  becomes wider in the Z direction, and becomes narrower in the direction opposite to the Z-direction. The structure of the ink layer  4000  may be formed by laser machining (to be described later). 
     Further, the electronic apparatus  1  may include laser dot-pattern areas  5000  formed at the inner and outer edges of the opaque area An on the second surface  2200  of the front plate  2000 . The laser dot-pattern areas  5000  may be formed as a result of the laser machining (to be described later). 
     Below, the structure of the ink layer  4000  and the laser dot-pattern area  5000  will be described in greater detail. 
       FIG. 5  is a diagram matching between a cross-section view and a plan view of an ink layer and a laser dot-pattern area according to various embodiments. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5 , the ink layer  4000  is formed on the opaque area An between the display area Ad and the light-transmission area At. There are no limits to the shape of the ink layer  4000  on the plane, but the ink layer  4000  may for example be shaped like a ring in which the light-transmission area At is disposed at the center thereof. 
     The ink layer  4000  may have a trapezoidal cross-section. In this cross-section, a first layer surface  4100  refers to a surface with which the second surface  2200  of the front plate  2000  is in contact, and a second layer surface  4200  refers to a surface facing toward the display module  60 . In an embodiment, a partial area of the outer side of the second layer surface  4200  adheres to the adhesive layer  64 . In the foregoing cross-section, a first inclined surface  4300  refers to an outer lateral surface connecting an outer edge of the first layer surface  4100  and an outer edge of the second layer surface  4200 , and a second inclined surface  4400  refers to an inner lateral surface connecting an inner edge of the first layer surface  4100  and an inner edge of the second layer surface  4200 . The first inclined surface  4300  refers to a surface which adheres to the adhesive layer  64 . The second inclined surface  4400  refers to a surface surrounding the light-transmission area At. 
     The width W 1  of the first layer surface  4100  is greater than the width W 2  of the second layer surface  4200  (W 1 &gt;W 2 ). Therefore, the first inclined surface  4300  is not perpendicularly formed between the second surface  2200  of the front plate  2000  and the second layer surface  4200  of the ink layer  4000 , but forms an inclined surface. Therefore, when the adhesive layer  64  adheres to the second surface  2200  of the front plate  2000  and the second layer surface  4200  of the ink layer  4000 , bubbles are prevented or reduced from being formed in the adhesion area, thereby reducing defects caused by the bubbles. The ink layer  4000  in this embodiment is a single ink layer, but may be designed to have a structure where a plurality of ink layers (e.g., ink layers formed of different kinds of ink) are stacked. Even when the plurality of ink layers are stacked, the first inclined surface  4300  and the second inclined surface  4400  may be formed in the ink layer  4000  by the laser machining. Further, a partial area of the ink layer  4000  is covered with the adhesive layer  64 . For example, the adhesive layer  64  is stacked on the entire area of the first inclined surface  4300  and the outer area of the second layer surface  4200  in the ink layer  4000 . 
     The second inclined surface  4400  reduces the total volume of the ink layer  4000  and occupies less space in camera accommodating hole  61 , thereby minimizing or reducing interference between light entering or exiting the camera module  81  through the light-transmission area At and the ink layer  4000 . Thus, the ink layer  4000  may have both the first inclined surface  4300  and the second inclined surface  4400 , or may be designed to have the first inclined surface  4300  without the second inclined surface  4400 . When the second inclined surface  4400  is not provided, the ink layer  4000  may have a perpendicular lateral surface connecting the inner edge of the first layer surface  4100  and the inner edge of the second layer surface  4200 . The ink layer  4000  may be designed to have the second inclined surface  4400  without the first inclined surface  4300 . The second inclined surface  4400  may be formed by a machining method other than a CO 2  laser machining (to be described later). Further, according to machining methods of the first inclined surface  4300  and the second inclined surface  4400 , a first pattern area  5100  and a second pattern area  5200  may be different in pattern or shape from each other. 
     The laser dot-pattern area  5000  may include the first pattern area  5100  adjacent to the outer edge of the first layer surface  4100  of the ink layer  4000  or to an edge where the first layer surface  4100  meets the first inclined surface  4300 , and formed on the second surface  2200  of the front plate  2000 . Further, the laser dot-pattern area  5000  may include the second pattern area  5200  adjacent to the inner edge of the first layer surface  4100  of the ink layer  4000  or to an edge where the first layer surface  4100  meets the second inclined surface  4400 , and formed on the second surface  2200  of the front plate  2000 . In the plan view of the ink layer  4000 , the first pattern area  5100  is shaped like a ring to surround the outer edge of the ink layer  4000 , and the second pattern area  5200  is shaped like a ring to surround the inner edge of the ink layer  4000 . 
     With a developing trend toward miniaturization or the like of the electronic apparatus  1 , the diameter of the light-transmission area At decreases, and therefore the diameter of the ink layer  4000  also decreases. For example, as both the inner and outer diameters of the ink layer  4000  are decreased, the volume of ink to be printed for forming the ink layer  4000  is also decreased. Therefore, precision is required in a method of machining the layer of the printed ink by forming the first inclined surface  4300  and the second inclined surface  4400  after printing the ink on the second surface  2200  of the front plate  2000 . In an embodiment, a laser machining method may be used as such a method, for example, using a carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) laser, which will be described later. The laser dot-pattern area  5000  appears as a result of applying the CO 2  laser machining to the first inclined surface  4300  and the second inclined surface  4400 . 
     Below, the machining method based on the CO 2  laser will be described. 
       FIG. 6  is a diagram illustrating an example machining method based on a CO 2  laser-beam machining apparatus according to various embodiments. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , a CO 2  laser-beam machining apparatus (hereinafter, referred to as a processing apparatus)  6000  is provided for machining the first inclined surface  4300  and the second inclined surface  4400  in the ink layer  400  printed on the front plate  2000 . 
     The processing apparatus  6000  includes a laser source  6100  to produce a laser. In an embodiment, the laser source  6100  emits a CO 2  laser beam. The CO 2  laser refers to a laser produced using carbon dioxide gas as a medium, in which carbon dioxide gas has high energy-concentration on a target and very short pulses because it has a lower degree of reflection and scattering than other media, thereby reducing damage due to the laser in an area around the target. 
     The processing apparatus  6000  includes a beam characteristic adjuster  6200  to adjust the characteristics of the beam emitted from the laser source  6100 . The beam characteristic adjuster  6200  may for example include a beam expander telescope (BET) to expand the thickness of the beam. The beam characteristic adjuster  6200  may adjust various characteristics without being limited to the thickness of the beam. 
     The processing apparatus  6000  includes a beam transmitter  6300  to transmit the beam, the characteristics of which are adjusted by the beam characteristic adjuster  6200 . The beam transmitter  6300  guides the beam to an object-to-be-machined (in an embodiment, the ink layer  4000  printed on the front plate  2000 ) on a processing frame  6500 . The beam transmitter  6300  may for example include a rotatable mirror, thereby adjusting a path of the beam to the positions corresponding to the first inclined surface  4300  or the second inclined surface  4400  on the ink layer  4000 . 
     The processing apparatus  6000  includes a focus lens  6400  to focus the beam upon the object-to-be-machined on the processing frame  6500 . The focus lens  6400  makes the expanded beam be focused upon the object-to-be-machined. 
     The processing apparatus  6000  includes the processing frame  6500  on which an object-to-be-machined is put. On the processing frame  6500 , the front plate  2000  to which a black inky layer is applied is put. The processing frame  6500  is provided to be movable. 
     The processing apparatus  6000  includes a beam characteristic measurer  6600  to measure the characteristics of the beam in real time. The beam characteristic measurer  6600  measures the characteristics of the beam in stages, like the beam emitted from the laser source  6100 , the beam focused by the focus lens  6400 , etc. The beam characteristic measurer  6600  may include various devices such as a sensor, a camera, etc. for measuring the characteristics of the beam. 
     The processing apparatus  6000  includes a machined-portion examiner  6700  to examine a machining product of the object which has been subjected to the machining of the beam. The machined-portion examiner  6700  may examine how much the first inclined surface  4300  and the second inclined surface  4400  of the ink layer  4000  are machined (for example, an inclination angle), examine the product of the laser dot-pattern area  5000  formed on the front plate  2000 , etc., thereby identifying defects. The machined-portion examiner  6700  may include various devices such as an ultrasound device, a camera, etc. 
     The processing apparatus  6000  includes a machining controller  6800  to control the position of the processing frame  6500  or the characteristics of the produced beam based on information fed back from the beam characteristic measurer  6600 , the machined-portion examiner  6700 , etc. The machining controller  6800  may include a computer. For example, the machining controller  6800  may control the position of the processing frame  6500  or the actuation of the beam transmitter  6300  when feedback information that the first inclined surface  4300  or the second inclined surface  4400  is out of position is received from the machined-portion examiner  6700 , thereby controlling the first inclined surface  4300  or the second inclined surface  4400  to be in position. The machining controller  6800  may control the position of the focus lens  6400  to make the beam be in focus when feedback information that the beam is out of focus is received from the beam characteristic measurer  6600 . The machining controller  6800  may control the laser source  6100  or the beam characteristic adjuster  6200  so that the beam can have suitable characteristics when feedback information that the characteristics of the beam are not suitable is received from the beam characteristic measurer  6600 . 
     Accordingly, the processing apparatus  6000  employs the CO 2  laser among various kinds of lasers. In an example embodiment, the reason for using the CO 2  laser is as follows. 
       FIG. 7  is a diagram illustrating a profile of a section machined using the CO 2  laser, and  FIG. 8  is a diagram illustrating a profile of a section machined using a green laser. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 5, 7 and 8 , the products of machining the ink layers based on the CO 2  laser and a green laser separately provided for comparison are shown as profiles. The abscissa and the ordinate of these profiles respectively indicate the distance and the height, but their specific values are not specified because these are just for comparison between the products based on two different lasers. The green laser is produced by adding an optical system, e.g., second harmonic generation (SHG) to a laser having a wavelength of 1064 nm. The curve C 1  in  FIG. 7  shows the profile of the cross-section machined based on the CO 2  laser, and the curve C 2  in  FIG. 8  shows the profile of the cross-section machined based on the green laser. 
     In the curve C 1  (see  FIG. 7 ), an area  7100  corresponding to an unmachined print layer is an upper layer surface of a printed ink layer, which corresponds to the second layer surface  4200  of the ink layer  4000 . An area  7300  corresponding to a transparent layer corresponds to the second surface  2200  of the front plate  2000 . These areas refer to areas which are not machined by the CO 2  laser. An area  7200  corresponding to a machined surface, which is formed between the area  7100  corresponding to the unmachined print layer and the area  7300  corresponding to the transparent layer, refers to an area machined by the CO 2  laser, which corresponds to the first inclined surface  4300  or the second inclined surface  4400  of the ink layer  4000 . As the product of using the CO 2  laser, the curve C 1  shows that the area  7200  corresponding to the machined surface has a gentle slope and the lower side of the area  7200  corresponding to the machined surface leads to the area  7300  corresponding to the transparent layer in parallel without little height difference. Accordingly, little dust occurs when the ink layer is machined using the CO 2  laser (and little dust is accumulated). 
     On the other hand, in the curve C 2  (see  FIG. 8 ), an area  7400  corresponding to an unmachined print layer and an area  7700  corresponding to a transparent layer are areas which are not machined by the green laser. However, an area  7500  corresponding to a machined surface has a steeper slope than the area  7200  corresponding to the machined surface in the curve C 1 , and approximates to a vertical height difference. For example, when the profile of the area  7200  corresponding to the machined surface in the curve C 1  has a length of 60 μm, the profile of the area  7500  corresponding to the machined surface in the curve C 2  has a much shorter length of about 10 to 15 μm. Let the inclination angle of the area  7200  corresponding to the machined surface in the curve C 1  be θ 1 , and the inclination angle of the area  7500  corresponding to the machined surface in the curve C 2  be θ 2 . Based on the profile according to this embodiment, tan (θ 1 )=8/60=0.13, and tan(θ 2 )=6/20=0.3 (because it is just for the comparison between the curves C 1  and C 2 , the curves C 1  and C 2  are not matched with respect to a unit scale between the horizontal length and the vertical length of the profile). In this case, because θ 1 =7.5 and θ 2 =17, θ 1  has a much gentler slope than θ 2 . When it is taken into account that one of the purposes of the first inclined surface  4300  according to an embodiment of the disclosure is to prevent and/or reduce bubble defects through close adhesion, the steep slope relatively increases the risk of generating bubbles. 
     Further, there is an area, which has a greater height-difference than the area  7700  corresponding to the transparent layer, between the area  7500  corresponding to the machined surface and the area  7700  corresponding to the transparent layer, and this area refers to an area  7600  corresponding to a dust layer where the dust of the ink generated by the machining of the green laser is accumulated. The area  7600  corresponding to the dust layer also causes a defect (for example, the quality of an image taken by the camera is deteriorated). For example, when the profile of the area  7500  corresponding to the machined surface has a length of about 10 to 15 μm, the profile of the area  7600  corresponding to the dust layer has a length of about 20 μm. 
     Accordingly, the CO 2  laser can minimize or reduce the generation of dust while precisely forming the area  7200  corresponding to the machined surface, which is suitable for the purposes of an example embodiment, as compared with other lasers (e.g., the green laser, the IR laser, an ultraviolet (UV) laser, etc.). 
       FIG. 9  is a graph illustrating a relationship between a laser-beam size and energy intensity according to various embodiments. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates a cross section of the laser beam, in which energy is distributed in a region from the center of the laser beam to the outer edge. The energy distribution of the laser beam may be the Gaussian distribution. For example, when the laser beam has a circular cross-section, the laser has the strongest intensity at the center thereof, and becomes weaker toward the outer edge. Based on this characteristic, the width of the laser beam, which has energy intensity higher than or equal to a specific threshold, is set to perform machining. In the planar section of the laser beam, a region set for substantial machining is called an effective machining width. In other words, a region including the center of the laser beam, in which the energy intensity is higher than or equal to the threshold, is set as the effective machining width. In result, the machined surface in the ink layer has a gentle inclined surface. 
     For example, when a surface is machined by the CO 2  laser beam to have an inclination width of 100 to 125 μm, the machined surface is required to have a roughness of 50 μm or lower to ensure proper quality. The roughness of the machined surface is adjustable based on the effective machining width of the laser beam. The smaller the effective machining width of the laser beam, the smoother the machined surface. The larger the effective machining width of the laser beam, the rougher the machined surface. Of course, the foregoing numerical values are merely an example, and may be varied depending on designs of a product. To achieve such roughness, there is a need of managing and adjusting parameters for a scanning speed, a machining frequency, etc. of the laser beam. 
     For reference, a CO 2  laser-beam size S may be calculated by the following equation. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   S 
                   = 
                   
                     
                       { 
                       
                         
                           4 
                           * 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               M 
                               ^ 
                               2 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                         ⋆ 
                         λ 
                         ⋆ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         f 
                       
                       } 
                     
                     / 
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         ∏ 
                         
                           * 
                           D 
                         
                       
                       ) 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   [ 
                   Equation 
                   ] 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Where, λ is a wavelength (μm), f is a focal length of lens (mm), D is a diameter of an input beam, and (M{circumflex over ( )}2) is a beam mode parameter. 
     The machining line of the laser beam is realized as polylines formed by connecting many laser dots. The laser machining proceeds from the front plate  2000  in a direction of the ink layer. Thus, it is possible to reduce defects caused by thermal damage and machining errors. 
       FIG. 10  is a diagram illustrating example polylines based on difference in frequency of laser output. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 4, 5 and 10 , polylines are formed by the laser outputs different in frequency. For example, when polylines  8100  are formed by five laser dots overlapped within a unit distance for a predetermined taken time at a frequency of 20 kHz, there is difference in a machining amount at intervals of 100 μm. On the other hand, at a frequency of 40 kHz, twice as high as 20 kHz, polylines  8200  are formed by ten laser dots overlapped within the same unit distance for the same taken time as those of the foregoing case. Under the same time and the same distance, the number of laser dots in the polylines  8200  at 40 kHz is twice as large as the number of laser dots in the polylines  8100  at 20 kHz, and therefore there is a difference in a machining amount at intervals of 50 μm. 
     In other words, when the output frequency becomes lower, a space between the laser dots becomes wider, thereby increasing the roughness of the machined surface. On the other hand, when the output frequency becomes higher, a space (more specifically, an overlap distance) between the laser dots becomes narrower, thereby decreasing the roughness of the machined surface. Like this, it is possible to machine the surface more smoothly as the laser output frequency becomes higher. However, when the output frequency is excessively highly adjusted, the front plate  2000  is likely to crack during the machining. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriately adjust the output frequency and the beam size. 
     In the laser dot-pattern area  5000 , the first pattern area  5100  and the second pattern area  5200  may be machined by the laser based on the same frequency output. When the first pattern area  5100  and the second pattern area  5200  are required to have different characteristics (for example, difference inclinations, etc.), they may be machined by the lasers based on the different frequency outputs. 
     While the disclosure has been illustrated and described with reference to various example embodiments, it will be understood that the various example embodiments are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. It will be further understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the true spirit and full scope of the disclosure, including the appended claims and their equivalents. It will also be understood that any of the embodiment(s) described herein may be used in conjunction with any other embodiment(s) described herein.