Patent Publication Number: US-2023153055-A1

Title: Portable Playback Device State Variable

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This disclosure claims the benefit of priority to, and is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/562,078 filed on Dec. 27, 2021, and entitled “Portable Playback Device State Variable,” which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/658,343 filed on Oct. 21, 2019, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 11,210,053, and entitled “Portable Playback Device State Variable,” which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/142,618 filed on Sep. 26, 2018, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,452,346, and entitled “Portable Playback Device State Variable,” which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/898,386 filed on Feb. 16, 2018, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,120,643, and entitled “Portable Playback Device State Variable,” which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/977,113 filed Dec. 21, 2015, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,898,244, and entitled “Portable Playback Device State Variable,” which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/534,404 filed Jun. 27, 2012, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,715,365, and entitled “Systems and Methods for Mobile Music Zones,” the contents of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     The disclosure is related to consumer goods and, more particularly, to systems, products, features, services, and other items directed to media playback or some aspect thereof. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Technological advancements have increased the accessibility of music content, as well as other types of media, such as television content, movies, and interactive content. For example, a user can access audio, video, or both audio and video content over the Internet through an online store, an Internet radio station, a music service, a movie service, and so on, in addition to the more traditional avenues of accessing audio and video content. Demand for audio, video, and both audio and video content inside and outside of the home continues to increase. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Features, aspects, and advantages of the presently disclosed technology are better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings. 
         FIG.  1    shows an illustration of an example system in which embodiments of the methods and apparatus disclosed herein can be implemented. 
         FIG.  2 A  shows an illustration of an example zone player having a built-in amplifier and speakers. 
         FIG.  2 B  shows an illustration of an example zone player having a built-in amplifier and connected to external speakers. 
         FIG.  2 C  shows an illustration of an example zone player connected to an A/V receiver and speakers. 
         FIG.  3    shows an illustration of an example controller. 
         FIG.  4    shows an internal functional block diagram of an example zone player. 
         FIG.  5    shows an internal functional block diagram of an example controller. 
         FIG.  6    shows an example ad-hoc playback network. 
         FIG.  7    shows a system including a plurality of networks including a cloud-based network and at least one local playback network. 
         FIG.  8    shows an internal functional block diagram of an example portable player. 
         FIG.  9    illustrates an example playback network configuration including a mobile device interfacing with one or more playback devices via a network. 
         FIG.  10    illustrates a flow diagram for an example method for zone configuration and content playback via a portable playback device. 
     
    
    
     In addition, the drawings are for the purpose of illustrating example embodiments, but it is understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the arrangements and instrumentality shown in the drawings. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     I. Overview 
     Wired, wireless, or both types of networks are used to connect one or more multimedia playback devices to establish a playback network in a home (e.g., a home audio system) or other location. For example, a network, such as an ad-hoc network, is established in a home to facilitate communications among a group of playback devices. Music and other types of multimedia content can be shared among the playback devices and/or groups of playback devices associated with a playback network. At least one of the playback devices may be removed from the ad-hoc network to be used to playback audio at a different location, such as, for example, at a beach, park, on a boat, or in a hotel room. Once finished, the at least one playback device may be rejoined to the ad-hoc network in a relatively seamless manner to the user. 
     Certain embodiments provide a method to provide portable playback of audio content regardless of network connection. The example method includes identifying, via a portable playback device, an available network for content playback. The example method includes automatically connecting the portable playback device to the available playback network. The example method includes facilitating control and playback of content on the playback network via the portable playback device. The example method includes establishing a mobile zone in an absence of an available playback network. The mobile zone is to facilitate local content playback in the mobile zone via the portable playback device. The example method includes automatically switching between an available playback network and the mobile zone to provide content playback via the portable playback device. 
     Certain embodiments provide an apparatus for portable playback of multimedia content, the apparatus portable by a user. The example apparatus includes a communication interface to send and receive data via a network connection, the data including multimedia content for playback. The example apparatus includes a memory to store instructions and data. The example apparatus includes a processor. The example processor is to search for an available playback network and, if available, automatically connect to the playback network. The example processor is to, in an absence of an available network, establish a mobile zone, the mobile zone to facilitate multimedia content playback via the mobile zone. The example processor is to automatically switch between the playback network and the mobile zone depending upon availability of the playback network to provide content playback via the portable playback device. The example processor is to facilitate control and playback of content on the playback network via the portable playback device. 
     Certain embodiments provide a tangible computer readable storage medium including instructions for execution by a processor, the instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing a portable playback system. The example system is arranged to search for an available playback network and, if available, automatically connect to the playback network. The example system is arranged to, in an absence of an available network, establish a mobile zone, the mobile zone to facilitate multimedia content playback via the mobile zone. The example system is arranged to automatically switch between the playback network and the mobile zone depending upon availability of the playback network to provide content playback via the portable playback device. The example system is arranged to facilitate control and playback of content on the playback network via the portable playback device. 
     Many other embodiments are described herein to provide mobile music to a user. 
     II. An Example Operating Environment 
     Referring now to the drawings, in which like numerals can refer to like parts throughout the figures,  FIG.  1    shows an example system  100  in which one or more embodiments disclosed herein can be practiced or implemented. 
     By way of illustration, system  100  represents a home presently configured with multiple zones, though the home could have been configured with only one zone. Each zone in the home, for example, may represent a different room or space, such as an office, bathroom, bedroom, kitchen, dining room, family room, home theater room, utility or laundry room, and patio. A single zone might also include multiple rooms if so configured. One or more of zone players  102 - 124  are shown in each respective zone of the home. A zone player  102 - 124 , also referred to as a playback device, multimedia unit, speaker, player, and so on, provides audio, video, and/or audiovisual output. Controller  130  provides control to system  100 . Controller  130  may be fixed to a zone, or alternatively, mobile such that it can be moved about the zones. System  100  may also include more than one controller  130 . System  100  illustrates an example whole house audio system, though it is understood that the technology described herein is not limited to its particular place of application or to an expansive system like a whole house audio system  100  of  FIG.  1   . 
     A. Example Zone Players 
       FIGS.  2 A,  2 B, and  2 C  show example types of zone players. Zone players  200 ,  202 , and  204  of  FIGS.  2 A,  2 B, and  2 C , respectively, can correspond to any of the zone players  102 - 124  of  FIG.  1   , for example. In some embodiments, audio is reproduced using only a single zone player, such as by a full-range player. In some embodiments, audio is reproduced using two or more zone players, such as by using a combination of full-range players or a combination of full-range and specialized players. In some embodiments, zone players  200 - 204  may also be referred to as a “smart speaker,” because they contain processing capabilities beyond the reproduction of audio, more of which is described below. 
       FIG.  2 A  illustrates zone player  200  that includes sound producing equipment  208  capable of reproducing full-range sound. The sound may come from an audio signal that is received and processed by zone player  200  over a wired or wireless data network. Sound producing equipment  208  includes one or more built-in amplifiers and one or more speakers. A built-in amplifier is described more below with respect to  FIG.  4   . A speaker or acoustic transducer can include, for example, any of a tweeter, a mid-range driver, a low-range driver, and a subwoofer. In some embodiments, zone player  200  can be statically or dynamically configured to play stereophonic audio, monaural audio, or both. In some embodiments, zone player  200  is configured to reproduce a subset of full-range sound, such as when zone player  200  is grouped with other zone players to play stereophonic audio, monaural audio, and/or surround audio or when the audio content received by zone player  200  is less than full-range. 
       FIG.  2 B  illustrates zone player  202  that includes a built-in amplifier to power a set of detached speakers  210 . A detached speaker can include, for example, any type of loudspeaker. Zone player  202  may be configured to power one, two, or more separate loudspeakers. Zone player  202  may be configured to communicate an audio signal (e.g., right and left channel audio or more channels depending on its configuration) to the detached speakers  210  via a wired path. 
       FIG.  2 C  illustrates zone player  204  that does not include a built-in amplifier, but is configured to communicate an audio signal, received over a data network, to an audio (or “audio/video”) receiver  214  with built-in amplification. 
     Referring back to  FIG.  1   , in some embodiments, one, some, or all of the zone players  102  to  124  can retrieve audio directly from a source. For example, a zone player may contain a playlist or queue of audio items to be played (also referred to herein as a “playback queue”). Each item in the queue may comprise a uniform resource identifier (URI) or some other identifier. The URI or identifier can point the zone player to the audio source. The source might be found on the Internet (e.g., the cloud), locally from another device over data network  128 , the controller  130 , stored on the zone player itself, or from an audio source communicating directly to the zone player. In some embodiments, the zone player can reproduce the audio itself, send it to another zone player for reproduction, or both where the audio is played by the zone player and one or more additional zone players in synchrony. In some embodiments, the zone player can play a first audio content (or not play at all), while sending a second, different audio content to another zone player(s) for reproduction. 
     By way of illustration, SONOS, Inc. of Santa Barbara, Calif. presently offers for sale zone players referred to as a “PLAY:5,” “PLAY:3,” “CONNECT:AMP,” “CONNECT,” and “SUB.” Any other past, present, and/or future zone players can additionally or alternatively be used to implement the zone players of example embodiments disclosed herein. Additionally, it is understood that a zone player is not limited to the particular examples illustrated in  FIGS.  2 A,  2 B, and  2 C  or to the SONOS product offerings. For example, a zone player may include a wired or wireless headphone. In yet another example, a zone player might include a sound bar for television. In yet another example, a zone player can include or interact with a docking station for an Apple IPOD™ or similar device. 
     B. Example Controllers 
       FIG.  3    illustrates an example wireless controller  300  in docking station  302 . By way of illustration, controller  300  can correspond to controlling device  130  of  FIG.  1   . Docking station  302 , if provided, may be used to charge a battery of controller  300 . In some embodiments, controller  300  is provided with a touch screen  304  that allows a user to interact through touch with the controller  300 , for example, to retrieve and navigate a playlist of audio items, control operations of one or more zone players, and provide overall control of the system configuration  100 . In certain embodiments, any number of controllers can be used to control the system configuration  100 . In some embodiments, there can be a limit set on the number of controllers that can control the system configuration  100 . The controllers might be wireless like wireless controller  300  or wired to data network  128 . 
     In some embodiments, if more than one controller is used in system  100 , then each controller may be coordinated to display common content, and may all be dynamically updated to indicate changes made from a single controller. Coordination might happen, for instance, by a controller periodically requesting a state variable directly or indirectly from one or more zone players; the state variable may provide information about system  100 , such as current zone group configuration, what is playing in one or more zones, volume levels, and other items of interest. The state variable may be passed around on data network  128  between zone players (and controllers, if so desired) as needed or as often as programmed. 
     In addition, an application running on any network-enabled portable device, such as an IPHONE™, IPAD™, ANDROID™ powered phone, or any other smart phone or network-enabled device can be used as controller  130 . An application running on a laptop or desktop personal computer (PC) or Mac™ can also be used as controller  130 . Such controllers may connect to system  100  through an interface with data network  128 , a zone player, a wireless router, or using some other configured connection path. Example controllers offered by SONOS, Inc. of Santa Barbara, Calif. include a “Controller  200 ,” “SONOS CONTROL,” “SONOS® Controller for IPHONE™,” “SONOS® Controller for IPAD™” “SONOS® Controller for ANDROID™ “SONOS® Controller for MAC™ or PC.” 
     C. Example Data Connection 
     Zone players  102  to  124  of  FIG.  1    are coupled directly or indirectly to a data network, such as data network  128 . Controller  130  may also be coupled directly or indirectly to data network  128  or individual zone players. Data network  128  is represented by an octagon in the figure to stand out from other representative components. While data network  128  is shown in a single location, it is understood that such a network is distributed in and around system  100 . Particularly, data network  128  can be a wired network, a wireless network, or a combination of both wired and wireless networks. In some embodiments, one or more of the zone players  102 - 124  are wirelessly coupled to data network  128  based on a proprietary mesh network. In some embodiments, one or more of the zone players  102 - 124  are wirelessly coupled to data network  128  using a non-mesh topology. In some embodiments, one or more of the zone players  102 - 124  are coupled via a wire to data network  128  using Ethernet or similar technology. In addition to the one or more zone players  102 - 124  connecting to data network  128 , data network  128  can further allow access to a wide area network, such as the Internet. 
     In some embodiments, connecting any of the zone players  102 - 124 , or some other connecting device, to a broadband router, can create data network  128 . Other zone players  102 - 124  can then be added wired or wirelessly to the data network  128 . For example, a zone player (e.g., any of zone players  102 - 124 ) can be added to the system configuration  100  by simply pressing a button on the zone player itself (or perform some other action), which enables a connection to be made to data network  128 . The broadband router can be connected to an Internet Service Provider (ISP), for example. The broadband router can be used to form another data network within the system configuration  100 , which can be used in other applications (e.g., web surfing). Data network  128  can also be used in other applications, if so programmed. An example, second network may implement SONOSNET™ protocol, developed by SONOS, Inc. of Santa Barbara. SONOSNET™ represents a secure, AES-encrypted, peer-to-peer wireless mesh network. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, the data network  128  is the same network, such as a traditional wired or wireless network, used for other applications in the household. 
     D. Example Zone Configurations 
     A particular zone can contain one or more zone players. For example, the family room of  FIG.  1    contains two zone players  106  and  108 , while the kitchen is shown with one zone player  102 . In another example, the home theater room contains additional zone players to play audio from a 5.1 channel or greater audio source (e.g., a movie encoded with 5.1 or greater audio channels). In some embodiments, one can position a zone player in a room or space and assign the zone player to a new or existing zone via controller  130 . As such, zones may be created, combined with another zone, removed, and given a specific name (e.g., “Kitchen”), if so desired and programmed to do so with controller  130 . Moreover, in some embodiments, zone configurations may be dynamically changed even after being configured using controller  130  or some other mechanism. 
     In some embodiments, if a zone contains two or more zone players, such as the two zone players  106  and  108  in the family room, then the two zone players  106  and  108  can be configured to play the same audio source in synchrony, or the two zone players  106  and  108  can be paired to play two separate sounds in left and right channels, for example. In other words, the stereo effects of a sound can be reproduced or enhanced through the two zone players  106  and  108 , one for the left sound and the other for the right sound. In certain embodiments, paired zone players (also referred to as “bonded zone players”) can play audio in synchrony with other zone players in the same or different zones. 
     In some embodiments, two or more zone players can be sonically consolidated to form a single, consolidated zone player. A consolidated zone player (though made up of multiple, separate devices) can be configured to process and reproduce sound differently than an unconsolidated zone player or zone players that are paired, because a consolidated zone player will have additional speaker drivers from which sound can be passed. The consolidated zone player can further be paired with a single zone player or yet another consolidated zone player. Each playback device of a consolidated playback device can be set in a consolidated mode, for example. 
     According to some embodiments, one can continue to do any of: group, consolidate, and pair zone players, for example, until a desired configuration is complete. The actions of grouping, consolidation, and pairing are preferably performed through a control interface, such as using controller  130 , and not by physically connecting and re-connecting speaker wire, for example, to individual, discrete speakers to create different configurations. As such, certain embodiments described herein provide a more flexible and dynamic platform through which sound reproduction can be offered to the end-user. 
     E. Example Audio Sources 
     In some embodiments, each zone can play from the same audio source as another zone or each zone can play from a different audio source. For example, someone can be grilling on the patio and listening to jazz music via zone player  124 , while someone is preparing food in the kitchen and listening to classical music via zone player  102 . Further, someone can be in the office listening to the same jazz music via zone player  110  that is playing on the patio via zone player  124 . In some embodiments, the jazz music played via zone players  110  and  124  is played in synchrony. Synchronizing playback amongst zones allows for someone to pass through zones while seamlessly (or substantially seamlessly) listening to the audio. Further, zones can be put into a “party mode” such that all associated zones will play audio in synchrony. 
     Sources of audio content to be played by zone players  102 - 124  are numerous. In some embodiments, music on a zone player itself may be accessed and a played. In some embodiments, music from a personal library stored on a computer or networked-attached storage (NAS) may be accessed via the data network  128  and played. In some embodiments, Internet radio stations, shows, and podcasts can be accessed via the data network  128 . Music or cloud services that let a user stream and/or download music and audio content can be accessed via the data network  128 . Further, music can be obtained from traditional sources, such as a turntable or CD player, via a line-in connection to a zone player, for example. Audio content can also be accessed using a different protocol, such as AIRPLAY™, which is a wireless technology by Apple, Inc., for example. Audio content received from one or more sources can be shared amongst the zone players  102  to  124  via data network  128  and/or controller  130 . The above-disclosed sources of audio content are referred to herein as network-based audio information sources. However, network-based audio information sources are not limited thereto. 
     In some embodiments, the example home theater zone players  116 ,  118 ,  120  are coupled to an audio information source such as a television  132 . In some examples, the television  132  is used as a source of audio for the home theater zone players  116 ,  118 ,  120 , while in other examples audio information from the television  132  can be shared with any of the zone players  102 - 124  in the audio system  100 . 
     III. Zone Players 
     Referring now to  FIG.  4   , there is shown an example block diagram of a zone player  400  in accordance with an embodiment. Zone player  400  includes a network interface  402 , a processor  408 , a memory  410 , an audio processing component  412 , one or more modules  414 , an audio amplifier  416 , and a speaker unit  418  coupled to the audio amplifier  416 .  FIG.  2 A  shows an example illustration of such a zone player. Other types of zone players may not include the speaker unit  418  (e.g., such as shown in  FIG.  2 B ) or the audio amplifier  416  (e.g., such as shown in  FIG.  2 C ). Further, it is contemplated that the zone player  400  can be integrated into another component. For example, the zone player  400  could be constructed as part of a television, lighting, or some other device for indoor or outdoor use. 
     In some embodiments, network interface  402  facilitates a data flow between zone player  400  and other devices on a data network  128 . In some embodiments, in addition to getting audio from another zone player or device on data network  128 , zone player  400  may access audio directly from the audio source, such as over a wide area network or on the local network. In some embodiments, the network interface  402  can further handle the address part of each packet so that it gets to the right destination or intercepts packets destined for the zone player  400 . Accordingly, in certain embodiments, each of the packets includes an Internet Protocol (IP)-based source address as well as an IP-based destination address. 
     In some embodiments, network interface  402  can include one or both of a wireless interface  404  and a wired interface  406 . The wireless interface  404 , also referred to as a radio frequency (RF) interface, provides network interface functions for the zone player  400  to wirelessly communicate with other devices (e.g., other zone player(s), speaker(s), receiver(s), component(s) associated with the data network  128 , and so on) in accordance with a communication protocol (e.g., any wireless standards including IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, or 802.15). Wireless interface  404  may include one or more radios. To receive wireless signals and to provide the wireless signals to the wireless interface  404  and to transmit wireless signals, the zone player  400  includes one or more antennas  420 . The wired interface  406  provides network interface functions for the zone player  400  to communicate over a wire with other devices in accordance with a communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.3). In some embodiments, a zone player includes both of the interfaces  404  and  406 . In some embodiments, a zone player  400  includes only the wireless interface  404  or the wired interface  406 . 
     In some embodiments, the processor  408  is a clock-driven electronic device that is configured to process input data according to instructions stored in memory  410 . The memory  410  is data storage that can be loaded with one or more software module(s)  414 , which can be executed by the processor  408  to achieve certain tasks. In the illustrated embodiment, the memory  410  is a tangible machine-readable medium storing instructions that can be executed by the processor  408 . In some embodiments, a task might be for the zone player  400  to retrieve audio data from another zone player or a device on a network (e.g., using a uniform resource locator (URL) or some other identifier). In some embodiments, a task may be for the zone player  400  to send audio data to another zone player or device on a network. In some embodiments, a task might be for the zone player  400  to synchronize playback of audio with one or more additional zone players. In some embodiments, a task might be to pair the zone player  400  with one or more zone players to create a multi-channel audio environment. Additional or alternative tasks can be achieved via the one or more software module(s)  414  and the processor  408 . 
     The audio processing component  412  can include one or more digital-to-analog converters (DAC), an audio preprocessing component, an audio enhancement component or a digital signal processor, and so on. In some embodiments, the audio processing component  412  may be part of processor  408 . In some embodiments, the audio that is retrieved via the network interface  402  is processed and/or intentionally altered by the audio processing component  412 . Further, the audio processing component  412  can produce analog audio signals. The processed analog audio signals are then provided to the audio amplifier  416  for play back through speakers  418 . In addition, the audio processing component  412  can include circuitry to process analog or digital signals as inputs to play from zone player  400 , send to another zone player on a network, or both play and send to another zone player on the network. An example input includes a line-in connection (e.g., an auto-detecting 3.5 mm audio line-in connection). 
     The audio amplifier  416  is a device(s) that amplifies audio signals to a level for driving one or more speakers  418 . The one or more speakers  418  can include an individual transducer (e.g., a “driver”) or a complete speaker system that includes an enclosure including one or more drivers. A particular driver can be a subwoofer (e.g., for low frequencies), a mid-range driver (e.g., for middle frequencies), and a tweeter (e.g., for high frequencies), for example. An enclosure can be sealed or ported, for example. Each transducer may be driven by its own individual amplifier. 
     A commercial example, presently known as the PLAY:5, is a zone player with a built-in amplifier and speakers that is capable of retrieving audio directly from the source, such as on the Internet or on the local network, for example. In particular, the PLAY:5 is a five-amp, five-driver speaker system that includes two tweeters, two mid-range drivers, and one woofer. When playing audio content via the PLAY:5, the left audio data of a track is sent out of the left tweeter and left mid-range driver, the right audio data of a track is sent out of the right tweeter and the right mid-range driver, and mono bass is sent out of the subwoofer. Further, both mid-range drivers and both tweeters have the same equalization (or substantially the same equalization). That is, they are both sent the same frequencies, just from different channels of audio. Audio from Internet radio stations, online music and video services, downloaded music, analog audio inputs, television, DVD, and so on, can be played from the PLAY:5. 
     IV. Controller 
     Referring now to  FIG.  5   , there is shown an example block diagram for controller  500 , which can correspond to the controlling device  130  in  FIG.  1   . Controller  500  can be used to facilitate the control of multi-media applications, automation and others in a system. In particular, the controller  500  may be configured to facilitate a selection of a plurality of audio sources available on the network and enable control of one or more zone players (e.g., the zone players  102 - 124  in  FIG.  1   ) through a wireless or wired network interface  508 . According to one embodiment, the wireless communications is based on an industry standard (e.g., infrared, radio, wireless standards including IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b 802.11g, 802.11n, or 802.15, and so on). Further, when a particular audio is being accessed via the controller  500  or being played via a zone player, a picture (e.g., album art) or any other data, associated with the audio and/or audio source can be transmitted from a zone player or other electronic device to controller  500  for display. 
     Controller  500  is provided with a screen  502  and an input interface  514  that allows a user to interact with the controller  500 , for example, to navigate a playlist of many multimedia items and to control operations of one or more zone players. The screen  502  on the controller  500  can be an LCD screen, for example. The screen  500  communicates with and is commanded by a screen driver  504  that is controlled by a microcontroller (e.g., a processor)  506 . The memory  510  can be loaded with one or more application modules  512  that can be executed by the microcontroller  506  with or without a user input via the user interface  514  to achieve certain tasks. In some embodiments, an application module  512  is configured to facilitate grouping a number of selected zone players into a zone group and synchronizing the zone players for audio play back. In some embodiments, an application module  512  is configured to control the audio sounds (e.g., volume) of the zone players in a zone group. In operation, when the microcontroller  506  executes one or more of the application modules  512 , the screen driver  504  generates control signals to drive the screen  502  to display an application specific user interface accordingly. 
     The controller  500  includes a network interface  508  that facilitates wired or wireless communication with a zone player. In some embodiments, the commands such as volume control and audio playback synchronization are sent via the network interface  508 . In some embodiments, a saved zone group configuration is transmitted between a zone player and a controller via the network interface  508 . The controller  500  can control one or more zone players, such as  102 - 124  of  FIG.  1   . There can be more than one controller for a particular system and each controller may share common information with another controller, or retrieve the common information from a zone player, if such a zone player stores configuration data (e.g., such as a state variable). Further, a controller can be integrated into a zone player. 
     It should be noted that other network-enabled devices such as an IPHONE®, IPAD® or any other smart phone or network-enabled device (e.g., a networked computer such as a PC or Mac®) can also be used as a controller to interact or control zone players in a particular environment. In some embodiments, a software application or upgrade can be downloaded onto a network-enabled device to perform the functions described herein. 
     In certain embodiments, a user can create a zone group (also referred to as a bonded zone) including at least two zone players from the controller  500 . The zone players in the zone group can play audio in a synchronized fashion, such that all of the zone players in the zone group play back an identical audio source or a list of identical audio sources in a synchronized manner such that no (or substantially no) audible delays or hiccups could be heard. Similarly, in some embodiments, when a user increases the audio volume of the group from the controller  500 , the signals or data of increasing the audio volume for the group are sent to one of the zone players and causes other zone players in the group to be increased together in volume. 
     A user via the controller  500  can group zone players into a zone group by activating a “Link Zones” or “Add Zone” soft button, or de-group a zone group by activating an “Unlink Zones” or “Drop Zone” button. For example, one mechanism for ‘joining’ zone players together for audio play back is to link a number of zone players together to form a group. To link a number of zone players together, a user can manually link each zone player or room one after the other. For example, assume that there is a multi-zone system that includes the following zones: Bathroom, Bedroom, Den, Dining Room, Family Room, and Foyer. 
     In certain embodiments, a user can link any number of the six zone players, for example, by starting with a single zone and then manually linking each zone to that zone. 
     In certain embodiments, a set of zones can be dynamically linked together using a command to create a zone scene or theme (subsequent to first creating the zone scene). For instance, a “Morning” zone scene command can link the Bedroom, Office, and Kitchen zones together in one action. Without this single command, the user would manually and individually link each zone. The single command might include a mouse click, a double mouse click, a button press, a gesture, or some other programmed action. Other kinds of zone scenes can be programmed. 
     In certain embodiments, a zone scene can be triggered based on time (e.g., an alarm clock function). For instance, a zone scene can be set to apply at 8:00 am. The system can link appropriate zones automatically, set specific music to play, and then stop the music after a defined duration. Although any particular zone can be triggered to an “On” or “Off” state based on time, for example, a zone scene enables any zone(s) linked to the scene to play a predefined audio (e.g., a favorable song, a predefined playlist) at a specific time and/or for a specific duration. If, for any reason, the scheduled music failed to be played (e.g., an empty playlist, no connection to a share, failed Universal Plug and Play (UPnP), no Internet connection for an Internet Radio station, and so on), a backup buzzer can be programmed to sound. The buzzer can include a sound file that is stored in a zone player, for example. 
     V. Example Ad-Hoc Network 
     Certain particular examples are now provided in connection with  FIG.  6    to describe, for purposes of illustration, certain systems and methods to provide and facilitate connection to a playback network.  FIG.  6    shows that there are three zone players  602 ,  604  and  606  and a controller  608  that form a network branch that is also referred to as an Ad-Hoc network  610 . The network  610  may be wireless, wired, or a combination of wired and wireless. In general, an Ad-Hoc (or “spontaneous”) network is a local area network or other small network in which there is generally no one access point for all traffic. With an established Ad-Hoc network  610 , the devices  602 ,  604 ,  606  and  608  can all communicate with each other in a “peer-to-peer” style of communication, for example. Furthermore, devices may come/and go from the network  610 , and the network  610  will automatically reconfigure itself without needing the user to reconfigure the network  610 . While an Ad-Hoc network is referenced in  FIG.  6   , it is understood that a playback network may be based on a type of network that is completely or partially different from an Ad-Hoc network. 
     Using the Ad-Hoc network  610 , the devices  602 ,  604 ,  606 , and  608  can share or exchange one or more audio sources and be dynamically grouped to play the same or different audio sources. For example, the devices  602  and  604  are grouped to playback one piece of music, and at the same time, the device  606  plays back another piece of music. In other words, the devices  602 ,  604 ,  606  and  608 , as shown in  FIG.  6   , form a HOUSEHOLD that distributes audio and/or reproduces sound. As used herein, the term HOUSEHOLD (provided in uppercase letters to disambiguate from the user&#39;s domicile) is used to represent a collection of networked devices that are cooperating to provide an application or service. An instance of a HOUSEHOLD is identified with a household  610  (or household identifier), though a HOUSEHOLD may be identified with a different area or place. 
     In certain embodiments, a household identifier (HHID) is a short string or an identifier that is computer-generated to help ensure that it is unique. Accordingly, the network  610  can be characterized by a unique HHID and a unique set of configuration variables or parameters, such as channels (e.g., respective frequency bands), SSID (a sequence of alphanumeric characters as a name of a wireless network), and WEP keys (wired equivalent privacy or other security keys). In certain embodiments, SSID is set to be the same as HHID. 
     In certain embodiments, each HOUSEHOLD includes two types of network nodes: a control point (CP) and a zone player (ZP). The control point controls an overall network setup process and sequencing, including an automatic generation of required network parameters (e.g., WEP keys). In an embodiment, the CP also provides the user with a HOUSEHOLD configuration user interface. The CP function can be provided by a computer running a CP application module, or by a handheld controller (e.g., the controller  308 ) also running a CP application module, for example. The zone player is any other device on the network that is placed to participate in the automatic configuration process. The ZP, as a notation used herein, includes the controller  608  or a computing device, for example. In some embodiments, the functionality, or certain parts of the functionality, in both the CP and the ZP are combined at a single node (e.g., a ZP contains a CP or vice-versa). 
     In certain embodiments, configuration of a HOUSEHOLD involves multiple CPs and ZPs that rendezvous and establish a known configuration such that they can use a standard networking protocol (e.g., IP over Wired or Wireless Ethernet) for communication. In an embodiment, two types of networks/protocols are employed: Ethernet 802.3 and Wireless 802.11g. Interconnections between a CP and a ZP can use either of the networks/protocols. A device in the system as a member of a HOUSEHOLD can connect to both networks simultaneously. 
     In an environment that has both networks in use, it is assumed that at least one device in a system is connected to both as a bridging device, thus providing bridging services between wired/wireless networks for others. The zone player  606  in  FIG.  6    is shown to be connected to both networks, for example. The connectivity to the network  612  is based on Ethernet and/or Wireless, while the connectivity to other devices  602 ,  604  and  608  is based on Wireless and Ethernet if so desired. 
     It is understood, however, that in some embodiments each zone player  606 ,  604 ,  602  may access the Internet when retrieving media from the cloud (e.g., Internet) via the bridging device. For example, zone player  602  may contain a uniform resource locator (URL) that specifies an address to a particular audio track in the cloud. Using the URL, the zone player  602  may retrieve the audio track from the cloud, and ultimately play the audio out of one or more zone players. 
     VI. Mobile Music 
     In the example system such as the one shown in  FIG.  1 ,  6   , or  7  where a SONOS system including one or more playback devices and one or more controllers is connected together in a local area network (LAN), the ability to move the audio experience into and away from the home location in a seamless or substantially seamless fashion to the user may be valuable. For example, according to some embodiments, a portable playback device allows a user to move the audio experience from the home location to a location where the user goes, such as to the beach, park, hotel, friend&#39;s house, boat, car, or generally wherever the user decides to go. Further, the ability of a portable device to extend the audio experience from the home location to an on-the-go experience, such as going to the beach or park, walking, or jogging, in a seamless or substantially seamless fashion may be valuable. 
     A. Example Portable Playback Device 
     In an embodiment, a portable playback device includes a zone player described in  FIGS.  2  and  4   . In an embodiment, the portable playback device includes a broadband interface to connect directly to the Internet without first connecting to a LAN using the wireless or wired interface. In another embodiment, the portable playback device includes a Bluetooth or other wireless interface to be paired to a mobile device such as a smart phone, tablet computer, or laptop. In yet another embodiment, the portable playback device includes a battery pack so that the playback device does not need to be connected to a mains service to operate. In yet another embodiment, the portable playback device includes built-in control functionality of the controller described in  FIGS.  3  and  5   , such as a display screen and input interface to enable user configuration and control of the playback device or system of playback devices. In yet another embodiment, the portable playback device is designed to withstand certain weather and outdoor conditions. 
     Like the example zone player  400  of  FIG.  4   , the example portable player  800  of  FIG.  8    includes a processor  408 , memory  410 , an audio processing component  412 , a module  414 , an audio amplifier  416 , speakers  418 , and one or more antenna(s)  420 . These components are discussed in more detail above. More or less components may be included depending on the desired configuration. The example portable player  800  includes a network interface  802  including a wireless interface  404 , wired interface  406 , and broadband interface  804 . The wireless interface  404  and wired interface  406  are discussed above. The broadband interface  804  provides broadband Internet access based on industry standards such as 3G or 4G or Bluetooth, for example. The example portable player  800  includes a battery pack  806  to provide power to the device when not using mains input. The battery pack may use a single battery or a collection of batteries and the batteries may be rechargeable or non-rechargeable. The control interface  808  includes a display screen  810  and an input interface  812 . The display screen  800  may be an LCD screen, for example. The input interface  812  may be a touch panel interface, a hard button interface, a capacitive or resistive touch interface with corresponding soft keys that may or may not be present (e.g., visible) at all times, and so on. 
     By way of illustration, a portable playback device might include a playback device capable of being carried around by a person (e.g., an existing SONOS PLAY:3 or PLAY:5 can be carried and may further be configured via software to operate as a portable playback device), a playback device designed for portability (e.g., one that is easily carried and/or battery powered), a playback device designed for outdoor use, a smart phone configured to operate such as described herein with speakers and/or an audio output, similarly, a tablet with speakers and/or an audio output, an existing zone player that is modified via hardware and/or software to operate as a portable playback device, and so on. 
     In some embodiments, the portable playback device provides an ambient sound solution. For example, the portable playback device may be used alone and/or in conjunction with one or more other playback devices to create a sound space. A sound space is an area that has a particular sound texture, for example. Rather than outputting sound to a large space, the portable playback device may shape or focus an output sound for listening in a portion of a room or other space. For example, an orientation, position, output parameter, and/or other setting of the portable playback device may be used to focus and/or otherwise shape sound output by the portable playback device into a surrounding space. In an embodiment, the portable playback device may be used to provide an ambient sound solution when connected to a home audio playback system, but otherwise used as a full-range or mostly full-range loudspeaker system. 
     In some embodiments, the portable playback device has multiple power modes. For example, in addition to normal powering mode, the portable player may operate in a low-power mode. This can be used, for example, when operating in mobile mode and/or when operating with a battery. In another example, the portable player may have on/off capability or a standby mode. For example, the portable player may have a user accessible button or other user interface to turn off and/or put the portable player into standby mode. In another example, the portable player has its own power management intelligence to shut down and/or go into standby mode. 
     B. Portability 
     In some embodiments, a portable playback device is added to a home network or HOUSEHOLD, such as described above with respect to  FIGS.  1  and  6   , for example. Adding a zone player such as a portable playback device to a home network may be accomplished for example via minimum human intervention in which a button press on the device, or some other user action, subsequent to initiating a “join household” procedure on a controller enables the portable playback device to join the network (e.g., join a SONOSNET™ network). In some embodiments, other methods of joining the portable playback device to the home network may be employed. 
     In some embodiments, when a zone player such as a portable playback device joins a home network, it is provided with a globally unique system identifier (e.g., household ID or HHID) that identifies the playback network. The system identifier may be determined when the playback network is first established and all devices (e.g., zone players and controllers) in a playback network have the same system identifier. 
     Once the portable playback device joins the home network, it can be assigned to a room or zone and incorporated into the audio system. For instance, the portable playback device may be assigned to the kitchen and form a kitchen zone, if a kitchen zone is not already established. In another instance, the portable playback device may be assigned to a portable zone that is moved about the house without a fixed location. In another instance, the portable playback device may be configured to play with other players in an established zone group, such as in synchrony or in stereo pair with another player In yet another instance, the portable playback device is used to provide ambient sound. In another instance, the portable playback device is used to provide more directed sound. 
     Similar to other zone players in the example system, the portable playback device may be dynamically reconfigured to another zone or zone group. This may be done by a user using a user interface on a controller or player, or by some other mechanism. For example, the portable playback device might be moved from the kitchen zone to the family room zone. In one embodiment, the user can use a controller to make the system change by reassigning the portable player to the family room zone. In another embodiment, the portable playback device can be added to another zone without using the controller by using a button-press combination on the portable playback device and a zone player that is already part of that zone. In yet another embodiment, proximity detection may be used to automatically join the portable playback device to a zone or zone group. 
     In some embodiments, the playback system makes use of a state variable that maintains information about the playback system, for example, the identification of zone players on the home network, the zone group configurations, and other aspects may be stored in the state variable. The state variable is known, configured, or learned through communication between devices in a home network. The zone players automatically update the state variable when they join and/or disengage from the various zone groups to reflect the change in membership of the respective groups. The zone players may also update the state variable when a device, such as the portable playback device, leaves or comes back within the network range. The state variable may be provided, upon request or periodically, to a controller to notify the user of the current system configuration. 
     In some embodiments, when a portable playback device is powered off and power is subsequently restored to the device, the portable playback device is programmed to automatically rejoin the playback network. For example, when power is restored in a portable playback device that is part of a playback network, the device uses the state variable to identify the playback network to be re-joined. Once the device has joined the playback network, it can, in some embodiments, query a zone player or a controller in the network for system information and update the state variable accordingly. 
     When a portable playback device leaves the playback network, the system can detect without user input that the player is missing and therefore update the state variable accordingly. For example, if the portable playback device is powered off or carried outside of the network range, then the system determines that the playback device has left and communication with the portable player has stopped over the local network. In some embodiments, the user is notified via a controller that the portable playback device is no longer connected to the home playback network. 
     In some embodiments, the zone players of the home playback network automatically reconfigure themselves to account for the missing portable playback device. For example, upon detecting that a portable playback device is missing and the portable playback device was in stereo pair, the remaining player will temporarily remove the stereo pairing and play the full-range audio. When the portable playback device is returned to the home network, the stereo pairing may be automatically re-engaged and the two players will play in stereo pair (e.g., right and left channel or some other multi-channel audio). Other zone player configurations may be automatically modified to deal with a missing player, such as volume changes (e.g., increase the volume of remaining players to make up for a missing portable player), EQ changes, channel routing changes, frequency changes, and so on. When the portable player is returned, then the system may resort back to its previous settings. 
     When the portable playback device is moved outside of the range of the playback network and can no longer connect to an existing playback network (e.g., it falls outside of the wireless range), the portable playback device remains able to operate and play back content. In one embodiment, the state variable stored in the playback device may update to reflect that it is no longer part of the home network and must establish its own mechanism to get audio. As such, the portable playback device may be able to connect to, or establish, a playback network (such as in the home) and to connect to, or establish, a mobile zone to play multimedia content via the portable playback device (such as a location away from the home). For example, the portable playback device, when out of the range of the household playback network, can access music directly via cloud-based storage, via local storage (e.g., a mobile phone, tablet computer, and so on), via a streaming source (e.g., from a mobile phone, tablet computer, and so on), or some other means described herein. 
     In some embodiments, more than one portable playback device may be joined to the mobile zone. For example, a user may desire greater stereo separation and therefore add a second portable playback device to the mobile zone and stereo pair the two devices wirelessly. In another example, a user may wish to play two or more devices in synchrony while connected via the mobile zone. To do so, each playback device that is joined to the mobile zone may share a state variable indicating the configuration setup mobile network ID. 
     In some embodiments, at least two separate system IDs are maintained by the portable playback device. For instance, a Home Network System ID (HHID 1) and a mobile network ID (HHID 2) is maintained and stored at the portable playback device. In an embodiment, if a portable playback device can see devices from both systems (e.g., it detects a network from each of HHID 1 and HHID 2), then the device will join by default, for example, to the Home network system with system ID HHID 1. However, if a portable playback device can only recognize one system, then the device will join that system. In an embodiment, a controller, used to control both networks, is preferably updated to indicate what network the portable playback device is currently joined. 
     C. Control 
     As described above, in some embodiments, when a user configures the playback network, such as to configure zone groups, establish a stereo pairing, establish a subwoofer pairing, and so on, a state variable that describes the system configuration is updated to reflect the change in configuration. The state variable may then be stored at one or more of the playback devices and retrieved by a controller when needed. 
     In some embodiments, when a portable playback device is part of the home network, the controller can display system and playback information of the home network to the user. When, the portable playback device is not part of the home network, the controller may likewise display the system and playback information of the home network to the user. 
     In some embodiments, the controller interface adapts depending on whether it is connected to the home network or whether the controller (like the portable playback device) is outside of the home network. For example, when the controller is connected to the home playback network, it may display all of the usual information associated with the home playback network like zones and zone groups. However, when the controller is away from the home playback network, but in communication with the portable playback device, it may alter its screen to show less information about the home network and more information about the portable playback device or mobile music zone (if additional portable playback devices are paired). For example, the controller might show a “mobile zone” or some other identifier. A user can interact with the mobile zone like he or she would with a zone at home. 
     In some embodiments, information about the home playback network is also displayed on the controller if the controller and/or portable playback device is connected to the cloud. For example, in an embodiment, the portable playback device may connect to the home playback network via the cloud and therefore become an extension to the home network. As such, the information about the home network may also be displayed on the controller interface. In certain embodiments, a user may manage the home network from afar via the cloud. 
     D. Content Access 
     In some embodiments, audio content can come from the controller (e.g., a smart phone or some other computing device), another computing device with “Play to” the portable playback device functionality, a USB drive, a local storage drive, and the cloud. The cloud generally includes the Internet and any cloud based storage or service solutions. 
     In some embodiments, the controller, using account credentials, can get audio from the cloud and direct the content to the portable playback device. 
     In some embodiments, the portable playback device maintains account credentials; either from the home network or a guest credential, to retrieve audio content from the cloud. 
     In some embodiments, a portable playback device uses wireless communications to communicate with a controller and/or a network. For example, the portable playback device might contain similar wireless capabilities as a zone player, in addition to cellular capability. Such a portable playback device might implement 4G mobile communication standards or later, for example, to retrieve audio content. A portable playback device might also utilize the Bluetooth standards to get audio from the controller or computing device. 
     E. Example Network Illustrations 
       FIG.  9    illustrates an example playback network  900  configuration including a mobile device  910  configured to interface with one or more playback devices  930 - 931  via a network  920 . The mobile device  910  can connect with an existing playback network  920  and/or can establish a mobile playback network to provide content to and/or retrieve content from one or more playback devices  930 - 931 . The mobile device  910  is connected to the network  920  and allows the mobile device  910  to facilitate playback of content (e.g., audio content, such as music) via one or more of the playback devices  930 - 931  and/or the mobile device  910  forming part of the network. Through a connection to the network  920 , the mobile device  910  may be used to control one or more playback devices  930 - 931 , for example. Through a connection to the network  920 , one or more playback devices  930 - 931  may be used to control the mobile device  910 , for example. Through a connection to the network  920  facilitated by the mobile device  910 , one or both of the mobile device  910  and one or more playback devices  930 - 931  may be used to browse content available for playback, for example. 
     F. Example Method Illustrations 
       FIG.  10    illustrates a flow diagram for an example method  1000  for zone configuration and content playback via a portable playback device. 
     At block  1005 , the portable playback device looks for an available playback network. For example, a portable zone player looks for a household or other building playback network to which it can connect. At block  1010 , if the portable playback device is within a playback network (e.g., a household playback network), the portable playback device connects to the existing playback network. 
     At block  1015 , control of content playback over the playback network is facilitated via the portable playback device. For example, the portable playback device may be synchronized with one or more playback devices also connected to the playback network. For example, the portable playback device may synchronize with one or more zone players on a household network such that the one or more zone players may playback content at the command of the portable playback device. 
     At block  1020 , playback of content is facilitated via the playback network. For example, content available on or via the portable playback device is browsed. Content may be browsed using the portable playback device, a separate controller, one or more other playback devices connected to the playback network, and so on. Content may be selected for playback. For example, a song may be selected from a menu at or available from the docked portable playback device. Selected content is then played back through one or more playback devices connected to the network. For example, a selected song from the portable playback device is played via one or more zone players on the playback network. 
     At block  1025 , the portable playback device is removed from the playback network. For example, the portable playback device is carried out of range of the household playback network by a user. At block  1030 , absence of a playback network is detected by the portable playback device. For example, the portable playback device detects when it can no longer communicate via the playback network to which it was connected. 
     At block  1035 , the portable playback device searches for a mobile network. For example, after being disconnected or otherwise removed from the previous playback network, the portable playback device searches for another network to which it can connect. If the portable device detects an available network, the device attempts a connection, as described above. 
     At block  1040 , however, if no available playback network is detected, a mobile network is established by the portable playback device. For example, the portable playback device establishes a mobile zone for playback of content via the portable playback device. The portable playback device can connect to a cloud-based storage, a streaming service, access data stored locally on the portable playback device and/or other user device such as a smart phone and so on, to provide content for playback over the mobile network/zone. 
     At block  1045 , playback and control of content are facilitated via the mobile network by the portable playback device. For example, content, playlist, volume, timing, sound shaping, and so on may be configured and facilitated for the mobile zone via the portable playback device. Another playback device can connect to the mobile zone to provide content, receive content for playback, and so on. A dynamic mobile zone group configuration may be facilitated via the mobile, ad hoc network enabled by the portable playback device, for example. 
     VII. Conclusion 
     The description discloses various example systems, methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture including, among other components, firmware and/or software executed on hardware. However, such examples are merely illustrative and should not be considered as limiting. For example, it is contemplated that any or all of these firmware, hardware, and/or software components could be embodied exclusively in hardware, exclusively in software, exclusively in firmware, or in any combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware. Accordingly, while the following describes example systems, methods, apparatus, and/or articles of manufacture, the examples provided are not the only way(s) to implement such systems, methods, apparatus, and/or articles of manufacture. 
     Additionally, reference herein to “embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one example embodiment of the invention. The appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. As such, the embodiments described herein, explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art, can be combined with other embodiments. 
     The specification is presented largely in terms of illustrative environments, systems, procedures, steps, logic blocks, processing, and other symbolic representations that directly or indirectly resemble the operations of data processing devices coupled to networks. These process descriptions and representations are typically used by those skilled in the art to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it is understood to those skilled in the art that certain embodiments of the present disclosure can be practiced without certain, specific details. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, and circuitry have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the embodiments. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims rather than the forgoing description of embodiments. 
     When any of the appended claims are read to cover a purely software and/or firmware implementation, at least one of the elements in at least one example is hereby expressly defined to include a tangible medium such as a memory, DVD, CD, Blu-ray, and so on, storing the software and/or firmware.