Patent Publication Number: US-2023139568-A1

Title: Golf club heads

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/390,615, filed Jul. 30, 2021, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/135,666, filed Dec. 28, 2020, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,406,881. Each of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/390,615 and U.S. Pat. No. 11,406,881 are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
     In addition, other patents and patent applications concerning golf clubs, including U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,753,806; 7,887,434; 8,033,931; 8,118,689; 8,663,029; 8,888,607; 8,900,069; 9,044,653; 9,186,560; 9,211,447; 9,220,953; 9,220,956; 9,848,405; 9,700,763; 10,639,524; 10,874,916; and 10,653,926, are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     This application concerns golf club heads, and more particularly, golf club heads for wood-type clubs including driver-type, fairway-type, and hybrid-type golf clubs. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Much of the recent improvement activity in the field of golf has involved the use of new and increasingly more sophisticated materials in concert with advanced club-head engineering. For example, modern “wood-type” golf clubs (notably, “drivers,” “fairway woods,” and “utility or hybrid clubs”), with their sophisticated shafts and non-wooden club-heads, bear little resemblance to the “wood” drivers, low-loft long-irons, and higher numbered fairway woods used years ago. These modern wood-type clubs are generally called “metalwoods” since they tend to be made primarily of strong, lightweight metals, such as titanium. 
     An exemplary metalwood golf club such as a driver or fairway wood typically includes a hollow shaft having a lower end to which the golf club head is attached. Most modern versions of these golf club heads are made, at least in part, of a lightweight but strong metal such as titanium alloy. In many cases, the golf club head comprises a body made primarily of such strong metals. 
     Some current approaches to reducing structural mass of a metalwood club-head are directed to making one or more portions of the golf club head of an alternative material. Whereas the bodies and face plates of most current metalwoods are made of titanium alloys, some golf club heads are made, at least in part, of components formed from either graphite/epoxy-composite (or other suitable composite material) and a metal alloy. Graphite composites have a much lower density compared to titanium alloys, which offers an opportunity to provide more discretionary mass in the club-head. 
     The ability to utilize such materials to increase the discretionary mass available for placement at various points in the club-head allows for optimization of a number of physical properties of the club-head which can greatly impact the performance obtained by the user. Forgiveness on a golf shot is generally maximized by configuring the golf club head such that the center of gravity (“CG”) of the golf club head is optimally located and the moment of inertia (“MOI”) of the golf club head is maximized. CG and MOI can also critically affect a golf club head&#39;s performance, such as launch angle and flight trajectory on impact with a golf ball, among other characteristics. 
     In addition to the use of various materials to optimize the strength-to-weight properties and acoustic properties of the golf club heads, advances have been made in the mass distribution properties provided by using thicker and thinner regions of materials, raising and lowering certain portions of the sole and crown, providing adjustable weight members and adjustable head-shaft connection assemblies, and many other golf club head engineering advances. 
     SUMMARY 
     This application discloses, among other innovations, wood-type golf club heads that provide, among other attributes, improved forgiveness, ball speed, adjustability and playability, while maintaining durability. 
     The following describes wood-type golf club heads that include a body defining an interior cavity, a sole positioned at a bottom portion of the golf club head and a crown positioned at a top portion. The body also has a face defining a forward portion extending between a heel portion of the golf club head and a toe portion of the golf club head, a rearward portion opposite the face, and a hosel. 
     Certain of the described golf club heads have a weight channel formed in the sole and defining a path along the sole. In certain instances, a weight member is positioned in or on the weight channel, and may be configured to be adjusted along the path to any of a range of selectable positions in the weight channel to adjust mass properties of the golf club head. In particular instances, a fastener is configured to secure the weight member to the golf club head body in any of the selectable positions along the path. In certain examples, there are at least five, or in some cases at least ten such selectable positions. The fastener may be secured to the golf club head body at a fixed location that is independent of the position of the weight member along the path, so that this position does not change, regardless of where the weight member is positioned along the path. 
     In certain instances, the path may comprise a substantially linear path extending in a substantially heel-toe direction, or, alternatively, in a substantially forward-rearward direction. In other instances, the path comprises a curved path extending in a substantially heel-toe direction. In some instances, the weight channel is positioned in a forward portion of the sole, and, in particular instances, the channel comprises a toe and a heel end, and wherein the channel curves rearwardly at the toe and heel ends, away from the face. In other instances, the channel is positioned in a rearward portion of the sole, and, in particular instances, the channel comprises a toe end and a heel end, and wherein the channel curves forwardly at the toe and heel ends. In some instances, the weight channel comprises an outer arc that extends at least half of a length of the golf club head from a heel of the golf club head to a toe of the golf club head, or half of a depth of the golf club head from the face to a trailing edge of the golf club head. 
     The weight member may comprise a forward side and a rearward side. In particular instances, the forward side of the weight member is curved parallel to a corresponding curved forward edge of the weight channel. In some cases, the rearward side is also curved parallel to a corresponding curved rearward edge of the weight channel. In particular instances, the weight member is positioned entirely external to the interior cavity. In some instances, a lower surface of the weight member is approximately parallel to the sole to serve as a ground contact point when the golf club head is soled. 
     The golf club may comprise a front channel in the sole positioned forward of the weight channel and extending into the interior cavity of the golf club head, the front channel extending substantially in a heel-toe direction. The front channel, or a similar slot channel in addition to the weight channel may increase or enhance the perimeter flexibility of the striking face of the golf club head in order to increase the coefficient of restitution and/or characteristic time of the golf club head and frees up additional discretionary mass which can be utilized elsewhere in the golf club head. In some instances, the front channel, or similar slot or other mechanism is located in the forward portion of the sole of the golf club head, adjacent to or near to the forwardmost edge of the sole. Also, in some instances, the front channel extends into the interior cavity of the golf club head, and in particular cases extends substantially in a heel-toe direction. 
     In particular instances, the weight member comprises an elongated weight slot that extends through an interior of the weight member, the fastener extends through the weight slot, and is configured to permit the weight member to translate along the path while the fastener is stationary. In some instances, the fastener comprises a fastener head that is recessed within the weight slot and a threaded fastener shaft that extends from the fastener head and is secured to the body at a fastener port in the body. In certain instances, the fastener port is forward of the fastener head. The fastener may be configured to, in a loosened position, allow the weight member to translate along the path as the fastener remains stationary relative to the fastener port. The fastener may further be configured to, in a secured position, retain the weight member in a selected position. In some instances, the fastener may comprise two or more fasteners each passing through the weight slot and secured to the golf club head body at different locations. In some instances, the fastener may itself comprise a removable weight, which mass can be adjusted as desired to adjust mass properties of the golf club head. In some instances, the fastener at least partially covers the weight member. In particular instances, the fastener does not extend through the weight member. In certain cases, the fastener comprises a tab that extends below at least a portion of either a forward edge or a rearward edge of the weight member, and may in particular instances further comprise a removable screw or bolt that extends through the tab and into the body of the golf club head. 
     The weight channel may have a path dimension representing a distance of travel for the weight member, wherein the distance comprises the distance between a first path end positioned proximate to a first end of the channel and a second path end positioned proximate to a second end of the channel. In particular instances, the weight member may have a first dimension that is normal to the path dimension and a second dimension that is parallel to the path dimension, and in some cases the second dimension is at least 50 percent of the path dimension. In some cases, the second dimension may be at least 70 percent of the path dimension. 
     In some cases, translating the weight member from a first position adjacent a first end of the channel to a second position adjacent a second end of the channel provides a golf club head center of gravity movement along an x-axis (CGx) of at least 3 mm, at least 4 mm or at least 5 mm. In certain instances, the weight member has a mass of at least 40 grams, or at least 60 grams. In particular instances, the weight member comprises at least 25 percent, or in some cases at least 30 percent, of a total mass of the golf club head. The weight member may comprise a forward side and a rearward side, and have a center of mass that is nearer the forward side than the rearward side. In particular examples, a height of the weight member at the forward side is greater than a height of the weight member at the rearward side. The weight member may in some instances be tapered down from the forward side to the rearward side. Additionally or alternatively, the weight member may comprise two or more stepped portions. In particular cases, a first stepped portion at the forward side has a first height that is greater than a second height of a second stepped portion at the rearward side. In some cases, wherein the rearward side of the weight member comprises a chamfered edge. In particular instances, the golf club head further comprises a polymeric pad positioned between the chamfered edge and the body. The rearward end of the weight member may comprise a recessed ledge portion that corresponds to a protruding ledge portion on the golf club head body, such as in the weight channel. In some cases, a polymeric pad may be positioned between the recessed ledge portion and the protruding ledge portion. 
     In particular instances, the weight member is configured to move in an arcuate path defined by a center axis of curvature located rearward of the face, rearward of the weight channel, and/or rearward of a center of gravity of the golf club head. In some cases, the weight member is configured to move in an arc of less than 90 degrees, or less than 180 degrees around the center axis of curvature. In particular cases, the weight member may be configured to move around the center axis of curvature in an arc of between 5 degrees and 90 degrees, between 10 degrees and 30 degrees, or between 15 degrees and 45 degrees. Additionally or alternatively, the weight member may be configured to move around a center axis of curvature, wherein the center axis of curvature is not collocated with a position of the fastener. 
     In some instances, the golf club head may have a balance point up (BP Up) value of less than 23 mm, less than 22 mm, or less than 20 mm. 
     In some embodiments, part of the weight channel, or weight track, is covered by an overhanging portion of the body or the sole insert, and part of the weight can slide under the overhanging portion and be hidden. For example, the track can extend in a heel-toe direction across the sole and the heelward end portion of the track can be covered by an overhang portion of a composite sole insert, which overhang portion can also act as a sit point for the club head to contact the ground when the club head is in the normal address position. The overhang portion can protect the weight and track, while also improving aerodynamics of the sole. In some embodiments, the weight can by asymmetric, with a forward portion of the weight being thicker and the rearward portion of the weight being thinner. 
     In some examples, the weight can comprise ribbed weight projections on an inward-facing surface of the weight. In some examples, the roof of the weight channel can comprise ribbed projections on an outward-facing surface of the roof. In some examples, one or a plurality of compressible spacers can be positioned between the weight and the roof of the weight channel. The compressible spacers can be compressed when the fastener is tightened and can expand when the fastener is loosed to provide a gap between the weight and the roof of the weight channel. In particular examples, the compressible spacers can be sized and shaped to provide a specified gap between the ribbed weight projections and the ribbed projections of the weight channel when the fastener is loosened to permit the weight to be moved to different positions in the weight channel. In certain examples, the weight can comprise a wiper secured to an outer surface of the weight and configured to at least partially close an unoccupied portion of the weight cavity in the channel. The front-rear adjustable weight can also provide a player the ability to adjust the backspin rate, the CG location, and the moment of inertia (MOI) of the club head without changing the lie angle or the loft angle. 
     In certain examples, a golf club head comprises a body defining an interior cavity, a sole defining a bottom portion of the golf club head, a crown defining a top portion of the golf club head, a face defining a forward portion of the golf club head, a rearward portion of the golf club head opposite the face, and a hosel; a weight channel in the sole and defining a path along the sole, wherein the weight channel comprises ribbed projections on an outward-facing surface of the body; a weight member positioned in the weight channel, the weight member being movable to any of a range of selectable positions along the path to adjust mass properties of the golf club head, wherein the weight member comprises a slot, and wherein the weight member comprises ribbed weight projections on an inward-facing surface of the weight member opposite the outward-facing surface of the weight channel; a fastener that extends through the slot in the weight member and secures the weight member to the body in any of the selectable positions along the path, wherein when the weight member is in any of the selectable positions the fastener is secured to the body at a same fixed location on the body that is independent of the position of the weight member; and a compressible spacer positioned between the weight member and the body inside the weight channel; wherein when the fastener is tightened to secure the weight member at a selected position in the weight channel the compressible spacer is compressed between the weight member and the outward-facing surface of the body and the ribbed weight projections of the weight member engage the ribbed projections of the weight channel, and when the fastener is loosened the compressible spacer expands and creates a gap between the ribbed weight projections of the weight member and the ribbed projections of the weight channel. 
     In some or all of the examples disclosed herein, the weight channel extends in a front-rear direction along the club head. 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, an end portion of the weight channel is configured as a weight cavity covered by an overhang portion of the sole. 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, the club head further comprises a wiper attached to a forward end portion of the weight member, wherein the wiper is sized and shaped to at least partially close an unoccupied portion of the weight cavity. 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, the weight member comprises an angled surface, and the wiper is attached to the angled surface. 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, the compressible spacer is configured such that when the fastener is tightened a thickness dimension of the compressible spacer is reduced by 10% to 50% compared to an uncompressed state of the compressible spacer. 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, the compressible spacer is a first compressible spacer positioned at a first end of the slot in the weight member, and the weight member further comprises a second compressible spacer positioned at a second end of the slot in the weight member. 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, the weight channel is straight and extends along a weight channel longitudinal axis that forms an angle of −20° to 20° with a ground plane when the club head is at a normal address position. 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, the weight member comprises weight-reducing side channels. 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, the weight member is recessed relative to the sole so as not to contact a ground plane when the golf club head is at a normal address position. 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, a y-axis extends in a front-rear direction, and a length of the weight member as measured along the y-axis is 40% to 70% of a length of the golf club head as measured along the y-axis. 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, the weight channel comprises a roof that defines the outward-facing surface, and a length of the roof of the weight channel is 60% to 80% of the length of the club head. 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, a mass of the weight member is 10% to 50% of a total mass of the club head. 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, the weight member is movable between a first position at a first end of the weight channel and a second position at a second end of the weight channel, and the club head has a volume V Club head  of 100 cc to 320 cc. 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, the weight member has a volume V weight  of 1 cc to 10 cc. 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, a ratio 
     
       
         
           
             
               V 
               Weight 
             
             
               V 
               
                 Club 
                 ⁢ 
                    
                 Head 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     is 0.01 to 0.05. 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, the weight member has a length dimension L 1  along the direction of the weight channel, sequential ribbed projections of the weight channel have a spacing d 1  between them, and wherein L 1 &gt;d 1 . 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, sequential ribbed weight projections of the weight member have a spacing d 2  between them, and wherein d 1 &gt;d 2 . 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, one end portion of the weight channel is configured as a weight cavity covered by an overhang portion of the sole; the overhang portion forms a sit pad that contacts a ground plane when the club head is in a normal address position resting on the ground plane; and adjusting the position of the weight member along the weight channel changes a percentage of the weight member that is covered by the overhang. 
     In another representative example, a method comprises loosening the fastener of any of the golf club heads described herein, moving the weight member in the weight channel to a selected position, and tightening the fastener to secure the weight member at the selected position in the weight channel. 
     In another representative example, a golf club head comprises a body defining an interior cavity, a sole defining a bottom portion of the golf club head, a crown defining a top portion of the golf club head, a face defining a forward portion of the golf club head, a rearward portion of the golf club head opposite the face, and a hosel; a weight channel in the sole and defining a path along the sole, the path being oriented in a generally front-rear direction, wherein a forward end portion of the weight channel is configured as a weight cavity covered by an overhang portion of the sole, and wherein the weight channel comprises ribbed projections on an outward-facing surface of the body; a weight member positioned in the weight channel, the weight member comprising a forward end portion and a rear end portion, the weight member being movable to any of a range of selectable positions along the path to adjust mass properties of the golf club head, wherein the weight member comprises a slot that extends in the generally front-rear direction between the forward end portion and the rear end portion, and wherein the weight member comprises ribbed weight projections on an inward-facing surface of the weight member opposite the outward-facing surface of the body; a fastener that extends through the slot in the weight member and secures the weight member to the body in any of the selectable positions along the path, wherein when the weight member is in any of the selectable positions the fastener is secured to the body at a same fixed location on the body that is independent of the position of the weight member; a wiper attached to the forward end portion of the weight member, wherein the wiper is sized and shaped to close an unoccupied portion of the weight cavity forward of the weight member; and a compressible spacer positioned between the weight member and the body inside the weight channel; wherein when the fastener is tightened to secure the weight member at a selected position in the weight channel the compressible spacer is compressed between the weight member and the outward-facing surface of the body and the ribbed weight projections of the weight member engage the ribbed projections of the weight channel, and when the fastener is loosened the compressible spacer expands and creates a gap between the ribbed weight projections of the weight member and the ribbed projections of the weight channel. 
     In another representative example, a golf club head comprises a body defining an interior cavity, a sole defining a bottom portion of the golf club head, a crown defining a top portion of the golf club head, a face defining a forward portion of the golf club head, a rearward portion of the golf club head opposite the face, and a hosel; at least one weight member couplable to the body, the weight member having a mass that is 10% to 40% of a total mass of the golf club head, the at least one weight member being movable from a first position where at least a portion of the at least one weight is forward of a center of gravity of the golf club head to a second position where at least a portion of the at least one weight is rearward of the center of gravity of the golf club head; wherein the golf club head has a moment of inertia about an x-axis (Ixx) and a moment of inertia about a z-axis (Izz), and a balance point projection on the face measured relative to a ground plane (BP Up) when the golf club head is in a normal address position; wherein movement of the at least one weight from the first position to the second position increases BP Up by 0.8 mm to 3 mm, increases Zup, and changes Delta 1 by 3 mm to 7 mm. 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, when the at least one weight member is in the second position BP Up is no more than 24 mm, and when the at least one weight member is in the first position BP Up is no less than 17 mm. 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, a volume of the golf club head is 120 cc to 280 cc, a peak crown height is 30 mm to 55 mm, and a mass of the golf club head is 210 g to 255 g. 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, a total inertia of the golf club head is a summation of Ixx of the golf club head and Izz of the golf club head; the golf club head comprises a total inertia of 275 kg·mm 2  to 525 kg·mm 2 ; and shifting the at least one weight member from the first position to the second position increases the total inertia of the golf club head by 55 kg·mm 2  to 175 kg·mm 2 . 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, shifting the at least one weight member from the first position to the second position increases the total inertia of the golf club head by 75 kg·mm 2  to 105 kg·mm 2 . 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, shifting the at least one weight member from the first position to the second position increases the total inertia of the golf club head by 65 kg·mm 2  to 95 kg·mm 2 . 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, the at least one weight member having a mass that is 10% to 40% of a total mass of the golf club head, and the at least one weight member comprising a material having a density of 7 g/cc to 20 g/cc. 
     In some or all of the examples described herein, the golf club head further comprises a shaft connection assembly in the hosel configured to selectively adjust a loft, a lie angle, and/or a loft and a lie angle of the golf club head. 
     In another representative example, a golf club head comprises a body defining an interior cavity, a sole defining a bottom portion of the golf club head, a crown defining a top portion of the golf club head, a face defining a forward portion of the golf club head, a rearward portion of the golf club head opposite the face, and a hosel; a weight channel formed in the sole and defining a path along the sole, the path being oriented in a fore and aft direction, wherein a forward end portion of the weight channel is configured as a weight cavity covered by an overhang portion of the sole; a weight member positioned in the weight channel, the weight member comprising a forward end portion and a rear end portion, the weight member being movable to any of a range of selectable positions along the path to adjust mass properties of the golf club head, wherein the weight member comprises a slot that extends in the fore and aft direction between the forward end portion and the rear end portion; a fastener that extends through the slot in the weight member and secures the weight member to the body in any of the selectable positions along the path, wherein when the weight member is in any of the selectable positions the fastener is secured to the body at a same fixed location on the body that is independent of the position of the weight member; and a seal attached to the forward end portion of the weight member, wherein the seal is sized and shaped to close an unoccupied portion of the weight cavity forward of the weight member. 
     In another representative example, a golf club head comprises a body defining an interior cavity, a sole defining a bottom portion of the golf club head, a crown defining a top portion of the golf club head, a face defining a forward portion of the golf club head, a rearward portion of the golf club head opposite the face, and a hosel; a weight channel formed in the sole and defining a path along the sole, the path being oriented in a generally fore and aft direction, wherein a forward end portion of the weight channel is configured as a weight cavity covered by an overhang portion of the sole, and wherein the weight channel comprises ribs on an inner surface of the body; a weight member positioned in the weight channel, the weight member comprising a forward end portion and a rear end portion, the weight member being movable to any of a range of selectable positions along the path to adjust mass properties of the golf club head, wherein the weight member comprises a slot that extends in the generally fore and aft direction between the forward end portion and the rear end portion, and wherein the weight member comprises ribs on an upper surface of the weight member opposite the inner surface of the body; a fastener that extends through the slot in the weight member and secures the weight member to the body in any of the selectable positions along the path, wherein when the weight member is in any of the selectable positions the fastener is secured to the body at a same fixed location on the body that is independent of the position of the weight member; and a compressible spacer positioned between the weight member and the body inside the weight channel; wherein when the fastener is tightened to secure the weight member at a selected position in the weight channel the compressible spacer is compressed between the weight member and the inner surface of the body and the ribs of the weight member engage the ribs of the weight channel, and when the fastener is loosened the compressible spacer expands and creates a gap between the ribs of the weight member and the ribs of the weight channel. 
     In another representative example, a golf club head comprises a body defining an interior cavity, a sole defining a bottom portion of the golf club head, a crown defining a top portion of the golf club head, a face defining a forward portion of the golf club head, a rearward portion of the golf club head opposite the face, and a hosel; a weight channel formed in the sole and defining a path along the sole, the path being oriented in a generally fore and aft direction, wherein a forward end portion of the weight channel is configured as a weight cavity covered by an overhang portion of the sole, and wherein the weight channel comprises ribs on an inner surface of the body; a weight member positioned in the weight channel, the weight member comprising a forward end portion and a rear end portion, the weight member being movable to any of a range of selectable positions along the path to adjust mass properties of the golf club head, wherein the weight member comprises a slot that extends in the generally fore and aft direction between the forward end portion and the rear end portion, and wherein the weight member comprises ribs on an upper surface of the weight member opposite the inner surface of the body; a fastener that extends through the slot in the weight member and secures the weight member to the body in any of the selectable positions along the path, wherein when the weight member is in any of the selectable positions the fastener is secured to the body at a same fixed location on the body that is independent of the position of the weight member; a seal attached to the forward end portion of the weight member, wherein the seal is sized and shaped to close an unoccupied portion of the weight cavity forward of the weight member; and a compressible spacer positioned between the weight member and the body inside the weight channel; wherein when the fastener is tightened to secure the weight member at a selected position in the weight channel the compressible spacer is compressed between the weight member and the inner surface of the body and the ribs of the weight member engage the ribs of the weight channel, and when the fastener is loosened the compressible spacer expands and creates a gap between the ribs of the weight member and the ribs of the weight channel. 
     The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the disclosed technology will become more apparent from the following detailed description, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying figures. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1 A  is a front elevational view of an exemplary golf club head disclosed herein. 
         FIG.  1 B  is heel-side view of the golf club head of  FIG.  1 A . 
         FIG.  2 A  is a bottom rear perspective view of the golf club head of  FIG.  1 A . 
         FIG.  2 B  is a front perspective view of the golf club head of  FIG.  1 A . 
         FIG.  3    is an exploded perspective view of the golf club head of  FIG.  1 A , with a weight member removed. 
         FIG.  4    is a bottom perspective view of the golf club head of  FIG.  1 A , with a weight member removed. 
         FIG.  5 A  is a bottom view of the golf club head of  FIG.  1   , with a weight member removed. 
         FIG.  5 B  is a cross-sectional view of a weight channel in the golf club head of  FIG.  5 A , taken along line  5 B- 5 B in  FIG.  5 A . 
         FIG.  6    is a perspective view of a weight member that may be used with the golf club heads of this disclosure. 
         FIG.  7    is a perspective view of another weight member that may be used with the golf club heads of this disclosure. 
         FIG.  8    is a front cross-sectional view of the golf club head of  FIG.  1 A . 
         FIG.  9 A  is a bottom view of the golf club head of  FIG.  1 A . 
         FIG.  9 B  is a cross-sectional view of a weight member, weight channel, and fastener in the golf club head of  FIG.  9 A , taken along line  9 B- 9 B in  FIG.  9 A . 
         FIG.  10    is a top view of the golf club head of  FIG.  1 A , with the crown insert removed. 
         FIG.  11    is a cross-section of the golf club head of  FIG.  10   , taken along line  11 - 11  in  FIG.  10   . 
         FIG.  12    is a cross-sectional view of a hosel of the golf club head of  FIG.  1 A . 
         FIG.  13    is a cross-sectional view of an adjustable hosel-shaft assembly of the golf club head of  FIG.  1 A . 
         FIG.  14    is a bottom view of another exemplary golf club head disclosed herein. 
         FIG.  15    is a toe-side cross-sectional view of the golf club head of  FIG.  14   . 
         FIG.  16    is a bottom view of another exemplary golf club head disclosed herein. 
         FIG.  17    is a bottom perspective view of another exemplary golf club head disclosed herein. 
         FIG.  18    is a bottom perspective view of another exemplary golf club head disclosed herein. 
         FIG.  19    is a top view of another weight member that may be used with the golf club heads of this disclosure. 
         FIG.  20    is an elevational view of the weight member of  FIG.  19   . 
         FIG.  21    is a cross-sectional view of another weight member that may be used with the golf club heads of this disclosure. 
         FIG.  22    is a cross-sectional view of another weight member that may be used with the golf club heads of this disclosure. 
         FIG.  23 A  is a bottom view of another exemplary golf club head disclosed herein. 
         FIG.  23 B  is a toe-side cross-sectional view of the golf club head of  FIG.  23 A , taken along line  23 B- 23 B in  FIG.  23 A . 
         FIG.  24    is a bottom view of another exemplary golf club head disclosed herein, with a weight member positioned in a in a first, forward position. 
         FIG.  25    is a toe-side cross-sectional view of the golf club head of  FIG.  24   , taken along the path  1237  in  FIG.  24   , with the weight member positioned in a in a first, forward position. 
         FIG.  26    is a bottom view of the golf club head of  FIG.  24   , with the weight member positioned in a in a second, rearward position. 
         FIG.  27    is a toe-side cross-sectional view of the golf club head of  FIG.  26   , taken along the path  1237  in  FIG.  26   , with the weight member positioned in a in a second, rearward position. 
         FIG.  28    is a bottom view of another exemplary golf club head disclosed herein, with a weight member positioned in a in a first, forward position. 
         FIG.  29    is a bottom view of the golf club head of  FIG.  29   , with the weight member positioned in a in a second, rearward position. 
         FIG.  30    is a rear cross-sectional view of the weight channel and weight member of the golf club head of  FIG.  26   . 
         FIG.  31    is a rear cross-sectional view of a weight channel and weight member applicable to the exemplary golf club heads disclosed herein. 
         FIG.  32    is a bottom view of an exemplary golf club head having a front-rear adjustable weight that is partially covered. 
         FIG.  33    is a bottom view of an exemplary golf club head having two heel-toe adjustable weights and a stationary rear weight. 
         FIG.  34    is a bottom view of an exemplary golf club head having a heel-toe adjustable weight that is partially covered, and a stationary rear weight. 
         FIG.  35    is a bottom view of another exemplary golf club head having a heel-toe adjustable weight that is partially covered, and a stationary rear weight. 
         FIG.  36    shows a bottom view of a front body portion of the club head of  FIG.  35    in isolation. 
         FIG.  37    is a cross-section view of the club head of  FIG.  35    illustrating the position of the weight and fastener within the weight track. 
         FIG.  38 A- 38 C  illustrates a process of inserting a weight member into a weight track. 
         FIG.  39    shows an alternative weight member that includes a hole/recess and ridges for moving the weight along the weight track. 
         FIG.  40    is a perspective view of another example of a golf club head including a weight that is positionable in a weight channel extending in a front-rear direction. 
         FIGS.  41 - 46    are respectively a front view, a rear view, a toe side view, a heel side view, a top view, and a bottom view of the golf club head of  FIG.  40   . 
         FIG.  47    is a bottom perspective view of the golf club head of  FIG.  40   . 
         FIG.  48    is a bottom view of the club head of  FIG.  40    with the weight removed from the weight channel. 
         FIGS.  49 - 51    are cross-sectional views of the golf club head of  FIG.  40    showing the weight in a rear position, a center position, and a forward position, respectively. 
         FIG.  52    is a bottom perspective view of a weight, according to one example. 
         FIG.  53    is a top perspective view of the weight of  FIG.  52   . 
         FIG.  54    is a side view of the weight of  FIG.  52   . 
         FIG.  55    is a top plan view of the weight of  FIG.  52   . 
         FIGS.  56 - 58    are cross-sectional views of the weight of  FIG.  52    taken along lines  56 - 56 ,  57 - 57 , and  58 - 58 , respectively, of  FIG.  55   . 
         FIG.  59    is a perspective view of the weight of  FIG.  52    including a wiper and compressible spacers mounted to the weight. 
         FIG.  60    is a side view of the weight of  FIG.  59   . 
         FIG.  61    is side elevation view of one example of a compressible spacer. 
         FIG.  62    is a magnified cross-sectional view of a portion of the roof of the weight channel of the club head of  FIG.  40   . 
         FIG.  63    is a side elevation view of another example of a weight with weight-reducing side slots. 
         FIG.  64    is a cross-sectional view of the weight of  FIG.  63   . 
         FIG.  65    is a cross-sectional view of another example of a weight with weight-reducing side slots. 
         FIG.  66    is a bottom perspective view of the weight of  FIG.  65   . 
         FIG.  67    is a side elevation view of another example of a weight without side slots. 
         FIG.  68    is a top perspective view of the club head of  FIG.  40    with the crown insert removed to show the interior. 
         FIG.  69    is a top cross-sectional plan view of the body of the club head of  FIG.  40   . 
         FIGS.  70  and  71    are magnified bottom perspective views of another example of a golf club head with a stationary wiper that is insertable through a slot in the sole of the club head. 
         FIG.  72    is a schematic cross-sectional view of another example of a golf club head with a weight channel that is sloped downward in the front to rear direction. 
         FIG.  73    is a schematic cross-sectional view of another example of a golf club head with a weight channel that is sloped upward in the front to rear direction. 
         FIG.  74    is a perspective view of another example of a golf club head including a plurality of weights that are interchangeably positionable between a plurality of weight ports in the sole of the club head. 
         FIGS.  75 - 80    are respectively a front view, a rear view, a toe side view, a heel side view, a top view, and a bottom view of the golf club head of  FIG.  74   . 
         FIG.  81    is a bottom perspective view of the club head of  FIG.  74   . 
         FIG.  82    is a bottom perspective view of the club head of  FIG.  74    with the weight members removed from the weight ports. 
         FIG.  83    is a perspective view illustrating weight members for use with the golf club head of  FIG.  74   , according to one example. 
         FIG.  84    is a cross-sectional side elevation view of the club head of  FIG.  74   . 
         FIG.  85    is a top perspective view of the golf club head of  FIG.  74    with the crown insert removed to show the interior of the club head. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following describes embodiments of golf club heads for metalwood type golf clubs, including drivers, fairway woods, rescue clubs, hybrid clubs, and the like. Several of the golf club heads incorporate features that provide the golf club heads and/or golf clubs with increased moments of inertia and low centers of gravity, centers of gravity located in preferable locations, improved golf club head and face geometries, increased sole and lower face flexibility, higher coefficients or restitution (“COR”) and characteristic times (“CT”), and/or decreased backspin rates relative to fairway wood and other golf club heads that have come before. 
     This disclosure describes embodiments of golf club heads in the exemplary context of fairway wood-type golf clubs, but the principles, methods and designs described may be applicable in whole or in part to other wood-type golf clubs, such as drivers, utility clubs (also known as hybrid clubs), rescue clubs, and the like. 
     The disclosed inventive features include all novel and non-obvious features disclosed herein, both alone and in novel and non-obvious combinations with other elements. As used herein, the phrase “and/or” means “and,” “or” and both “and” and “or.” As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” refer to one or more than one, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. As used herein, the terms “including” and “having” (and their grammatical variants) mean “comprising.” 
     This disclosure also refers to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. The drawings illustrate specific embodiments, but other embodiments may be formed and structural changes may be made without departing from the intended scope of this disclosure and the technology discussed herein. Directions and references (e.g., up, down, top, bottom, left, right, rearward, forward, heelward, toeward, etc.) may be used to facilitate discussion of the drawings but are not intended to be limiting. For example, certain terms may be used such as “up,” “down,” “upper,” “lower,” “horizontal,” “vertical,” “left,” “right” and the like. These terms are used where applicable, to provide some clarity of description when dealing with relative relationships, particularly with respect to the illustrated embodiments. Such terms are not, however, intended to imply absolute relationships, positions and/or orientations, unless otherwise indicated. For example, with respect to an object, an “upper” surface can become a “lower” surface simply by turning the object over. Nevertheless, it is still the same object. Accordingly, the following detailed description shall not be construed in a limiting sense and the scope of property rights sought shall be defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. 
     Golf club head “forgiveness” generally describes the ability of a golf club head to deliver a desirable golf ball trajectory despite a miss-hit (e.g., a ball struck at a location on the face plate other than an ideal impact location, e.g., an impact location where coefficient of restitution is maximized). Large mass moments of inertia contribute to the overall forgiveness of a golf club head. In addition, a low center-of-gravity improves forgiveness for golf club heads used to strike a ball from the turf by giving a higher launch angle and a lower spin trajectory (which improves the distance of a fairway wood golf shot). Providing a rearward center-of-gravity reduces the likelihood of a slice or fade for many golfers. Accordingly, forgiveness of fairway wood golf club heads, can be improved using the techniques described above to achieve high moments of inertia and low center-of-gravity compared to conventional fairway wood golf club heads. 
     For example, a golf club head with a crown thickness less than about 0.65 mm throughout at least about 70% of the crown can provide significant discretionary mass. A 0.60 mm thick crown formed from steel can provide as much as about 8 grams of discretionary mass compared to a 0.80 mm thick crown. Alternatively, a 0.80 mm thick crown formed from a composite material having a density of about 1.5 g/cc can provide as much as about 26 grams of discretionary mass compared to a 0.80 mm thick crown formed from steel. The large discretionary mass can be distributed to improve the mass moments of inertia and desirably locate the golf club head center-of-gravity. Generally, discretionary mass should be located sole-ward rather than crown-ward to maintain a low center-of-gravity, forward rather than rearward to maintain a forwardly positioned center of gravity, and rearward rather than forward to maintain a rearwardly positioned center-of-gravity. In addition, discretionary mass should be located far from the center-of-gravity and near the perimeter of the golf club head to maintain high mass moments of inertia. 
     Another parameter that contributes to the forgiveness and successful playability and desirable performance of a golf club is the coefficient of restitution (COR) of the golf club head. Upon impact with a golf ball, the golf club head&#39;s face plate deflects and rebounds, thereby imparting energy to the struck golf ball. The golf club head&#39;s coefficient of restitution is the ratio of the velocity of separation to the velocity of approach. A thin face plate generally will deflect more than a thick face plate. Thus, a properly constructed club with a thin, flexible face plate can impart a higher initial velocity to a golf ball, which is generally desirable, than a club with a thick, rigid face plate. In order to maximize the moment of inertia (MOI) about the center of gravity (CG) and achieve a high COR, it typically is desirable to incorporate thin walls and a thin face plate into the design of the golf club head. Thin walls afford the designers additional leeway in distributing golf club head mass to achieve desired mass distribution, and a thinner face plate may provide for a relatively higher COR. 
     Thus, thin walls are important to a club&#39;s performance. However, overly thin walls can adversely affect the golf club head&#39;s durability. Problems also arise from stresses distributed across the golf club head upon impact with the golf ball, particularly at junctions of golf club head components, such as the junction of the face plate with other golf club head components (e.g., the sole, skirt, and crown). One prior solution has been to provide a reinforced periphery about the face plate, such as by welding, in order to withstand the repeated impacts. Another approach to combat stresses at impact is to use one or more ribs extending substantially from the crown to the sole vertically, and in some instances extending from the toe to the heel horizontally, across an inner surface of the face plate. These approaches tend to adversely affect club performance characteristics, e.g., diminishing the size of the sweet spot, and/or inhibiting design flexibility in both mass distribution and the face structure of the golf club head. Thus, these golf club heads fail to provide optimal MOI, CG, and/or COR parameters, and as a result, fail to provide much forgiveness for off-center hits for all but the most expert golfers. 
     Thus, the golf club heads of this disclosure are designed to allow for introduction of a face which can be adjusted in thickness as needed or desired to interact with the other disclosed aspects, such as a channel or slot positioned behind the face, as well as increased areas of mass and/or removable weights. The golf club heads of this disclosure may utilize, for example, the variable thickness face features described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,353,786, 6,997,820, 6,800,038, and 6,824,475, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Additionally, the mass of the face, as well as other of the above-described properties can be adjusted by using different face materials, structures, and features, such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. RE42,544; 8,096,897; 7,985,146; 7,874,936; 7,874,937; 8,628,434; and 7,267,620; and U.S. Patent Pub. Nos. 2008/0149267 and 2009/0163289, which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Additionally, the structure of the front channel, club head face, and surrounding features of any of the embodiments herein can be varied to further impact COR and related aspects of the golf club head performance, as further described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,662,545; and U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2016/0023062, which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
     Golf club heads and many of their physical characteristics disclosed herein will be described using “normal address position” as the golf club head reference position, unless otherwise indicated. The normal address position of the club head is defined as the angular position of the head relative to a horizontal ground plane when the shaft axis lies in a vertical plane that is perpendicular to the centerface target line vector and when the shaft axis defines a lie angle relative to the ground plane such that the scorelines on the face of the club are horizontal (if the club does not have scorelines, then the normal address position lie angle shall be defined as 60-degrees). The centerface target line vector is defined as a horizontal vector that points forward (along the Y-axis) from the centerface point of the face. The centerface point (axis origin point) can be defined as the geometric center of the striking surface and/or can be defined as an ideal impact location on the striking surface. 
       FIGS.  1 A- 1 B  illustrate one embodiment of a fairway wood type golf club head  100  at normal address position, though it is understood that similar measurements may be made for other wood-type golf clubs, such as drivers, utility clubs (also known as hybrid clubs), rescue clubs, and the like. At normal address position, the golf club head  100  rests on a ground plane  210 , a plane parallel to the ground, which is intersected by a centerline axis  205  of a club shaft of the golf club head  100 . 
     In addition to the thickness of the face plate and the walls of the golf club head, the location of the center of gravity also has a significant effect on the COR and other properties of a golf club head. For example, as illustrated in  FIG.  1 C , a given golf club head having a given CG will have a projected center of gravity or “balance point” or “CG projection” on the face plate  111  that is determined by an imaginary line  240  passing through the CG  230  and oriented normal to the face plate  111 . The location  255  where the imaginary line  240  intersects the face plate  111  is the projected CG point  255 , which is typically expressed as a distance above or below the geometric center  105  of the face plate  111 . 
     When the projected CG point  255  is well above the center  105  of the face, impact efficiency, which is measured by COR, is not maximized. It has been discovered that a fairway wood with a relatively lower CG projection or a CG projection located at or near an ideal impact location on the striking surface of the club face, as described more fully below, improves the impact efficiency of the golf club head as well as initial ball speed. One important ball launch parameter, namely ball spin, is also improved. 
     The distance from the ground plane  210  to the Projected CG point  255  may also be an advantageous measurement of golf head playability, and may be represented by a CG plane  250  that is parallel to the ground plane  210 . The distance  260  from the ground plane  210  to this CG plane  250  representing CG projection on the face plate  111  may be referred to as the balance point up (BP Up), as also illustrated in  FIG.  1 C . In the advantageous examples disclosed herein, BP Up may be less than 23 mm, regardless of the position of a weight member along its path of travel, (e.g., path  137  in  FIGS.  5 A and  9 A ). In particular instances, BP Up may be lower than 22 mm for any position of the weight member along its path of travel. In still further examples, BP Up made be lower than 20 mm for any position of the weight member along its path of travel. 
     Additionally, “Zup,” as further described herein, may also provide an advantageous measurement of golf club head playability. Zup generally refers to the height of the CG above the ground plane as measured along the z-axis. For example, as illustrated in  FIG.  1 B , an imaginary line  232  representing Zup extends out from the CG  230  parallel to the ground plane  210 . 
     Fairway wood shots typically involve impacts that occur below the center of the face, and ball speed and launch parameters are often less than ideal. This results because most fairway wood shots are from the ground and not from a tee, and most golfers have a tendency to hit their fairway wood ground shots low on the face of the golf club head. Maximum ball speed is typically achieved when the ball is struck at a location on the striking face where the COR is greatest. 
     For traditionally designed fairway woods, the location where the COR is greatest is the same as the location of the CG projection on the striking surface. This location, however, is generally higher on the striking surface than the below center location of typical ball impacts during play. In contrast to these conventional golf clubs, it has been discovered that greater shot distance is achieved by configuring the golf club head to have a CG projection that is located near to the center of the striking surface of the golf club head. 
     It is known that the coefficient of restitution of a golf club may be increased by increasing the height H ss  of the face plate—illustrated in  FIG.  1 A  as the distance  204  between the ground plane  210  and a plane  202  intersecting the top of the face plate—and/or by decreasing the thickness of the face plate of a golf club head. However, in the case of a fairway wood, hybrid, or rescue golf club, increasing the face height may be considered undesirable because doing so will potentially cause an undesirable change to the mass properties of the golf club (e.g., center of gravity location) and to the golf club&#39;s appearance. 
     The United States Golf Association (USGA) regulations constrain golf club head shapes, sizes, and moments of inertia. Due to these constraints, golf club manufacturers and designers struggle to produce golf club heads having maximum size and moment of inertia characteristics while maintaining all other golf club head characteristics. For example, one such constraint is a volume limitation of 460 cm 3 . In general, volume is measured using the water displacement method. However, the USGA will fill any significant cavities in the sole or series of cavities which have a collective volume of greater than 15 cm 3 . 
     To produce a more forgiving golf club head, designers struggle to maximize certain parameters such as face area, moment of inertia about the z-axis and x-axis, and address area. A larger face area makes the golf club head more forgiving. Likewise, higher moment of inertia about the z-axis and x-axis makes the golf club head more forgiving. Similarly, a larger front to back dimension will generally increase moment of inertia about the z-axis and x-axis because mass is moved further from the center of gravity and the moment of inertia of a mass about a given axis is proportional to the square of the distance of the mass away from the axis. Additionally, a larger front to back dimension will generally lead to a larger address area which inspires confidence in the golfer when s/he addresses the golf ball. 
     However, when designers seek to maximize the above parameters it becomes difficult to stay within the volume limits and golf club head mass targets. Additionally, the sole curvature begins to flatten as these parameters are maximized. A flat sole curvature provides poor acoustics. To counteract this problem, designers may add a significant amount of ribs to the internal cavity to stiffen the overall structure and/or thicken the sole material to stiffen the overall structure. See for example FIGS. 55C and 55D and the corresponding text of U.S. Pub. No. 2016/0001146 A1, published Jan. 7, 2016. This, however, wastes discretionary mass that could be put elsewhere to improve other properties like moment of inertia about the z-axis and x-axis, or to permit adjustment of other mass properties such as BP Up or center of gravity movement. 
     A golf club head Characteristic Time (CT) can be described as a numerical characterization of the flexibility of a golf club head striking face. The CT may also vary at points distant from the center of the striking face, but may not vary greater than approximately 20% of the CT as measured at the center of the striking face. The CT values for the golf club heads described in the present application were calculated based on the method outlined in the USGA “Procedure for Measuring the Flexibility of a Golf Clubhead,” Revision 2.0, Mar. 25, 2005, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Specifically, the method described in the sections entitled “3. Summary of Method,” “5. Testing Apparatus Set-up and Preparation,” “6. Club Preparation and Mounting,” and “7. Club Testing” are exemplary sections that are relevant. Specifically, the characteristic time is the time for the velocity to rise from 5% of a maximum velocity to 95% of the maximum velocity under the test set forth by the USGA as described above. 
       FIGS.  1 A- 13    illustrate an exemplary golf club head  100  that embodies certain inventive technologies disclosed herein. This exemplary embodiment of a golf club head provides increased COR by increasing or enhancing the perimeter flexibility of a face plate  111  of the golf club without necessarily increasing the height or decreasing the thickness of the face plate  111 . Additionally, it improves BP Up by positioning a significant amount of discretionary mass low and forward of the club head&#39;s center of gravity. For example,  FIG.  2 A  is a bottom perspective view of a golf club head  100  having a high COR. The golf club head  100  comprises a body  102  having a hosel  162  (best illustrated in  FIGS.  1 ,  12 , and  13   ), in which a golf club shaft may be inserted and secured to the golf club head  100 . A weight member  140  may be at least partially secured within a weight channel  130  and secured with a fastener  150  as further described below. The golf club head  100  defines a front end or face  104 , an opposed rear end  110 , heel side  106 , toe side  108 , lower side or sole  103 , and upper side or crown  109  (all embodiments disclosed herein share similar directional references). 
     The front end  104  includes a face plate  111  ( FIG.  1 A ) for striking a golf ball, which may be an integral part of the body  102  (e.g., the body  102  and face plate  111  may be cast as a single part), or may comprise a separate insert. For embodiments where the face plate is not integral to the body  102 , the front end  104  can include a face opening (not shown) to receive a face plate  111  that is attached to the body by welding, braising, soldering, screws or other fastening means. 
     Near the face plate  111 , a front channel  114  is formed in the sole  103 . As illustrated in  FIG.  11   , the front channel  114  extends between a lip  113  formed below or behind the front ground contact surface  112  and the intermediate ground contact surface  116  into an interior cavity  122  of the golf club head  100 . In some embodiments (not shown), the front channel  114  may comprise a slot that is raised up from the sole  103 , but does not extend fully into the interior cavity  112 . In some embodiments, the slot or channel may be provided with a slot or channel insert (not shown) to prevent dirt, grass, or other elements from entering the interior cavity  122  of the body  102  or from getting lodged in the slot or channel. The front channel  114  extends in a toe-heel direction across the sole, with a heelward end near the hosel  162  and an opposite toeward end. The front channel can improve coefficient of restitution across the striking face and can provide increased forgiveness on off-center ball strikes. For example, the presence of the front channel can expand zones of the highest COR across the face of the club, particularly at the bottom of the club face near the channel, so that a larger fraction of the face area has a COR above a desired value, especially at the lower regions of the face. More information regarding the construction and performance benefits of the front channel  114  and similar front channels can be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,870,678; 9,707,457; and 9,700,763, and U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2016/0023063 A1, all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties, and various of the other publications that are incorporated by reference herein. 
     As best illustrated in  FIG.  4   , a weight channel  130  is separated from and positioned rearward of the front channel  114  in a forward portion of the golf club head. The weight channel  130  is further described below. The body  102  can include a front ground contact surface  112  on the body forward of the front channel  114  adjacent the bottom of the face plate  111 . The body can also have an intermediate ground contact surface, or sit pad,  116  rearward of the front channel  114 . The intermediate ground contact surface  116  can have an elevation and curvature congruent with that of the front ground contact surface  112 . Some embodiments may not include a front channel or slot in which case the intermediate ground contact surface may extend to the bottom of the face plate  111 , thereby providing addition potential contact surface area. The body  102  can further comprise a downwardly extending rear sole surface  118  that extends around at least a portion of the perimeter of the rear end  110  of the body. The rear sole surface may comprise one or more visual markings  119  that may correspond to a visual weight position indicator  149  on a weight member  140  that may be positioned within weight channel  130 . In some embodiments, the rear sole surface  118  can act as a ground contact or sit pad as well, having a curvature and elevation congruent with that of the front ground contact surface  112  and the intermediate ground contact surface  116 . 
     The body  102  can further include a raised sole portion  160  that is recessed up from the rear sole surface  118 . The raised sole portion  160  can span over any portion of the sole  103 , and in the illustrated embodiment the raised sole portion  160  spans over most of the rearward portion of the sole. The sole  103  can include a sloped transition portion where the intermediate ground contact surface  116  transitions up to the raised sole portion  160 . The sole can also include other similar sloped portions (not shown), such as around the boundary of the raised sole portion  160 . In some embodiments (not shown), one or more cantilevered ribs or struts can be included on the sole that span from the sloped transition portion to the raised sole portion  160 , to provide increased stiffness and rigidity to the sole. 
     The raised sole portion  160  can optionally include grooves, channels, ridges, or other surface features that increase its rigidity. Similarly, the intermediate ground contact surface  116  can include stiffening surface features, such as ridges, though grooves or other stiffening features can be substituted for the ridges. 
     A sole such as the sole  103  of the golf club head  100  may be referred to as a two-tier construction, bi-level construction, raised sole construction, or dropped sole construction, in which one portion of the sole is raised or recessed relative to the other portion of the sole. The terms raised, lowered, recessed, dropped, etc. are relative terms depending on perspective. For example, the intermediate ground contact surface  116  could be considered “raised” relative to the raised sole portion  160  and the weight channel  130  when the head is upside down with the sole facing upwardly as in  FIG.  2 A . On the other hand, the intermediate ground contact surface  116  portion can also be considered a “dropped sole” part of the sole, since it is located closer to the ground relative to the raised sole portion  160  and the weight channel  130  when the golf club head is in a normal address position with the sole facing the ground. 
     Additional disclosure regarding the use of recessed or dropped soles is provided in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/515,401, filed on Jun. 5, 2017, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     The raised sole constructions described herein and in the incorporated references are counterintuitive because the raised portion of the sole tends to raise the Iyy position, which is sometimes considered disadvantageous. However, the raised sole portion  160  (and other raised sole portions disclosed herein) allows for a smaller radius of curvature for that portion of the sole (compared to a conventional sole without the raised sole portion) resulting in increased rigidity and better acoustic properties due to the increased stiffness from the geometry. This stiffness increase means fewer ribs or even no ribs are needed in that portion of the sole to achieve a desired first mode frequency, such as 3000 Hz or above, 3200 Hz or above, or even 3400 Hz or above. Fewer ribs provide a mass/weight savings, which allows for more discretionary mass that can be strategically placed elsewhere in the golf club head or incorporated into user adjustable movable weights. 
     Furthermore, sloped transition portions around the raised sole portion  160 , as well as optional grooves and ridges associated therewith can provide additional structural support and additional rigidity for the golf club head, and can also modify and even fine tune the acoustic properties of the golf club head. The sound and modal frequencies emitted by the golf club head when it strikes a golf ball are very important to the sensory experience of a golfer and provide functional feedback as to where the ball impact occurs on the face (and whether the ball is well struck). 
     In some embodiments, the raised sole portion  160  can be made of a relatively thinner and/or less dense material compared to other portions of the sole and body that take more stress, such as the ground contact surfaces  112 ,  116 ,  118 , the face region, and the hosel region. By reducing the mass of the raised sole portion  160 , the higher CG effect of raising that portion of the sole is mitigated while maintaining a stronger, heavier material on other portions of the sole and body to promote a lower CG and provide added strength in the area of the sole and body where it is most needed (e.g., in a sole region proximate to the hosel and around the face and shaft connection components where stress is higher). 
     The body  102  can also include one or more internal ribs, such as ribs  192 , as best shown in  FIG.  10   , that are integrally formed with or attached to the inner surfaces of the body. Such ribs can vary in size, shape, location, number and stiffness, and can be used strategically to reinforce or stiffen designated areas of the body&#39;s interior and/or fine tune acoustic properties of the golf club head. 
     Generally, the center of gravity (CG) of a golf club head is the average location of the weight of the golf club head or the point at which the entire weight of the golf club-head may be considered as concentrated so that if supported at this point the head would remain in equilibrium in any position. A golf club head origin coordinate system can be defined such that the location of various features of the golf club head, including the CG, can be determined with respect to a golf club head origin positioned at the geometric center of the striking surface and when the club-head is at the normal address position (i.e., the club-head position wherein a vector normal to the club face substantially lies in a first vertical plane perpendicular to the ground plane, the centerline axis of the club shaft substantially lies in a second substantially vertical plane, and the first vertical plane and the second substantially vertical plane substantially perpendicularly intersect). 
     The head origin coordinate system defined with respect to the head origin includes three axes: a head origin z-axis (or simply “z-axis”) extending through the head origin in a generally vertical direction relative to the ground; a head origin x-axis (or simply “x-axis”) extending through the head origin in a toe-to-heel direction generally parallel to the striking surface (e.g., generally tangential to the striking surface at the center) and generally perpendicular to the z-axis; and a head origin y-axis (or simply “y-axis”) extending through the head origin in a front-to-back direction and generally perpendicular to the x-axis and to the z-axis. The x-axis and the y-axis both extend in generally horizontal directions relative to the ground when the golf club head is at the normal address position. The x-axis extends in a positive direction from the origin towards the heel of the golf club head. The y axis extends in a positive direction from the head origin towards the rear portion of the golf club head. The z-axis extends in a positive direction from the origin towards the crown. Thus for example, and using millimeters as the unit of measure, a CG that is located 3.2 mm from the head origin toward the toe of the golf club head along the x-axis, 36.7 mm from the head origin toward the rear of the clubhead along the y-axis, and 4.1 mm from the head origin toward the sole of the golf club head along the z-axis can be defined as having a CGx of −3.2 mm, a CGy of +36.7 mm, and a CGz of −4.1 mm. 
     Further as used herein, Delta 1 is a measure of how far rearward in the golf club head body the CG is located. More specifically, Delta 1 is the distance between the CG and the hosel axis along the y axis (in the direction straight toward the back of the body of the golf club face from the geometric center of the striking face). It has been observed that smaller values of Delta 1 result in lower projected CGs on the golf club head face. Thus, for embodiments of the disclosed golf club heads in which the projected CG on the ball striking club face is lower than the geometric center, reducing Delta 1 can lower the projected CG and increase the distance between the geometric center and the projected CG. Note also that a lower projected CG can promote a higher launch and a reduction in backspin due to the z-axis gear effect. Thus, for particular embodiments of the disclosed golf club heads, in some cases the Delta 1 values are relatively low, thereby reducing the amount of backspin on the golf ball helping the golf ball obtain the desired high launch, low spin trajectory. 
     Similarly, Delta 2 is the distance between the CG and the hosel axis along the x axis (in the direction straight toward the back of the body of the golf club face from the geometric center of the striking face). 
     Adjusting the location of the discretionary mass in a golf club head as described herein can provide the desired Delta 1 value. For instance, Delta 1 can be manipulated by varying the mass in front of the CG (closer to the face) with respect to the mass behind the CG. That is, by increasing the mass behind the CG with respect to the mass in front of the CG, Delta 1 can be increased. In a similar manner, by increasing the mass in front of the CG with the respect to the mass behind the CG, Delta 1 can be decreased. 
     In addition to the position of the CG of a club-head with respect to the head origin another important property of a golf club-head is the projected CG point, e.g., projected CG point  255  discussed above. This projected CG point (also referred to as “CG Proj”) can also be referred to as the “zero-torque” point because it indicates the point on the ball striking club face that is centered with the CG. Thus, if a golf ball makes contact with the club face at the projected CG point, the golf club head will not twist about any axis of rotation since no torque is produced by the impact of the golf ball. A negative number for this property indicates that the projected CG point is below the geometric center of the face. So, in the exemplary golf club head illustrated in  FIG.  1 B , because the projected CG point  255  is located below the geometric center  105  of the golf club head  100  on the club face  111 , this property would be expected to have a negative value. As discussed above, this point can also be measured using a value (BP Up) that measures the distance of the CG point  255  from the ground plane  210 . 
     In terms of the MOI of the club-head (i.e., a resistance to twisting) it is typically measured about each of the three main axes of a club-head with the CG as the origin of the coordinate system. These three axes include a CG z-axis extending through the CG in a generally vertical direction relative to the ground when the golf club head is at normal address position; a CG x-axis extending through the CG origin in a toe-to-heel direction generally parallel to the striking surface (e.g., generally tangential to the striking surface at the club face center), and generally perpendicular to the CG z-axis; and a CG y-axis extending through the CG origin in a front-to-back direction and generally perpendicular to the CG x-axis and to the CG z-axis. The CG x-axis and the CG y-axis both extend in generally horizontal directions relative to the ground when the golf club head is at normal address position. The CG x-axis extends in a positive direction from the CG origin to the heel of the golf club head. The CG y-axis extends in a positive direction from the CG origin towards the rear portion of the golf club head. The CG z-axis extends in a positive direction from the CG origin towards the crown. Thus, the axes of the CG origin coordinate system are parallel to corresponding axes of the head origin coordinate system. In particular, the CG z-axis is parallel to the z-axis, the CG x-axis is parallel to the x-axis, and CG y-axis is parallel to the y-axis. 
     Specifically, a golf club head has a moment of inertia about the vertical CG z-axis (“Izz”), a moment of inertia about the heel/toe CG x-axis (“Ixx”), and a moment of inertia about the front/back CG y-axis (“Iyy”). Typically, however, the MOI about the CG z-axis (Izz) and the CG x-axis (Ixx) is most relevant to golf club head forgiveness. 
     A moment of inertia about the golf club head CG x-axis (Ixx) is calculated by the following Equation 1: 
         Ixx =∫( y   2   +z   2 ) dm   (1)
 
     where y is the distance from a golf club head CG xz-plane to an infinitesimal mass dm and z is the distance from a golf club head CG xy-plane to the infinitesimal mass dm. The golf club head CG xz-plane is a plane defined by the golf club head CG x-axis and the golf club head CG z-axis. The CG xy-plane is a plane defined by the golf club head CGx-axis and the golf club head CG y-axis. 
     Similarly, a moment of inertia about the golf club head CG z-axis (Izz) is calculated by the following Equation 2: 
         Izz =∫( x   2   +y   2 ) dm   (2)
 
     where x is the distance from a golf club head CG yz-plane to an infinitesimal mass dm and y is the distance from the golf club head CG xz-plane to the infinitesimal mass dm. The golf club head CG yz-plane is a plane defined by the golf club head CG y-axis and the golf club head CG z-axis. 
     A further description of the coordinate systems for determining CG positions and MOI can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 9,358,430, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein. 
     An alternative, above ground, club head coordinate system places the head origin at the intersection of the z-axis and the ground plane, providing positive z-axis coordinates for every club head feature. As used herein, “Zup” means the CG z-axis location determined according to this above ground coordinate system. Zup generally refers to the height of the CG above the ground plane  210  as measured along the z-axis, which is illustrated, e.g., by Zup line  232  extending from the CG  230  illustrated in  FIG.  1 B . 
     As described herein, desired golf club head mass moments of inertia, golf club head center-of-gravity locations, and other mass properties of a golf club head can be attained by distributing golf club head mass to particular locations. Discretionary mass generally refers to the mass of material that can be removed from various structures providing mass that can be distributed elsewhere for tuning one or more mass moments of inertia and/or locating the golf club head center-of-gravity. 
     Golf club head walls provide one source of discretionary mass. In other words, a reduction in wall thickness reduces the wall mass and provides mass that can be distributed elsewhere. Thin walls, particularly a thin crown  109 , provide significant discretionary mass compared to conventional golf club heads. For example, a golf club head made from an alloy of steel can achieve about 4 grams of discretionary mass for each 0.1 mm reduction in average crown thickness. Similarly, a golf club head made from an alloy of titanium can achieve about 2.5 grams of discretionary mass for each 0.1 mm reduction in average crown thickness. Discretionary mass achieved using a thin crown, e.g., less than about 0.65 mm, can be used to tune one or more mass moments of inertia and/or center-of-gravity location. 
     To achieve a thin wall on the golf club head body  102 , such as a thin crown  109 , a golf club head body  102  can be formed from an alloy of steel or an alloy of titanium. For further details concerning titanium casting, please refer to U.S. Pat. No. 7,513,296, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     Additionally, the thickness of the hosel  162  may be varied to provide for additional discretionary mass, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,731,176, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     Various approaches can be used for positioning discretionary mass within a golf club head. For example, golf club heads may have one or more integral mass pads (not shown in the illustrated embodiments) cast into the head at predetermined locations that can be used to lower, to move forward, to move rearward, or otherwise to adjust the location of the golf club head&#39;s center-of-gravity, as further described herein. Also, epoxy can be added to the interior of the golf club head, such as through an epoxy port  115  (illustrated in  FIGS.  1  and  8   ) in the golf club head to obtain a desired weight distribution. Alternatively, weights formed of high-density materials can be attached to the sole or other parts of a golf club head, as further described, for example, in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/859,071, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. With such methods of distributing the discretionary mass, installation is critical because the golf club head endures significant loads during impact with a golf ball that can dislodge the weight. Accordingly, such weights are usually permanently attached to the golf club head and are limited to a fixed total mass, which of course, permanently fixes the golf club head&#39;s center-of-gravity and moments of inertia. 
     Alternatively, weights can be attached in a manner which allows adjustment of certain mass properties of the golf club head. For example,  FIG.  2 A  illustrates positioning a weight member  140  within a weight channel  130 , as further described below. 
     As shown in  FIG.  2 B , the golf club head  100  can optionally include a separate crown insert  168  that is secured to the body  102 , such as by applying a layer of epoxy adhesive  167  or other securement means, such as bolts, rivets, snap fit, other adhesives, or other joining methods or any combination thereof, to cover a large opening  190  (illustrated in  FIG.  10   ) at the top and rear of the body, forming part of the crown  109  of the golf club head. The crown insert  168  covers a substantial portion of the crown&#39;s surface area as, for example, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70% or at least 80% of the crown&#39;s surface area. The crown&#39;s outer boundary generally terminates where the crown surface undergoes a significant change in radius of curvature, e.g., near where the crown transitions to the golf club head&#39;s sole  103 , hosel  162 , and front end  104 . 
     As best illustrated in  FIG.  10   , the crown can be formed to have a recessed peripheral ledge or seat  170  to receive the crown insert  168 , such that the crown insert is either flush with the adjacent surfaces of the body to provide a smooth seamless outer surface or, alternatively, slightly recessed below the body surfaces. The front of the crown insert  168  can join with a front portion of the crown  109  on the body to form a continuous, arched crown extend forward to the face. A forwardmost portion of the recessed ledge can extend forward of a rearward-most portion of the hosel such that a first distance to the rearward-most portion of the hosel is greater than a second distance to the forwardmost portion of the recessed ledge as measured relative to the y-axis. The crown insert  168  can comprise any suitable material (e.g., lightweight composite and/or polymeric materials including fiber reinforced polymeric materials all of which typically have a density ranging between about 1 g/cc and 2 g/cc, preferably between 1.3 g/cc and 1.7 g/cc) and can be attached to the body in any suitable manner, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. 
     A wood-type golf club head, such as golf club head  100  and the other wood-type club heads disclosed herein have a volume, typically measured in cubic-centimeters (cm 3 ) equal to the volumetric displacement of the club head, assuming any apertures are sealed by a substantially planar surface. (See United States Golf Association “Procedure for Measuring the Club Head Size of Wood Clubs,” Revision 1.0, Nov. 21, 2003). In other words, for a golf club head with one or more weight ports within the head, it is assumed that the weight ports are either not present or are “covered” by regular, imaginary surfaces, such that the club head volume is not affected by the presence or absence of ports. 
     In some embodiments, as in the case of a fairway wood (as illustrated), the golf club head may have a volume between about 100 cm 3  and about 300 cm 3 , such as between about 150 cm 3  and about 250 cm 3 , or between about 130 cm 3  and about 190 cm 3 , or between about 125 cm 3  and about 240 cm 3 , and a total mass between about 125 g and about 260 g, or between about 200 g and about 250 g. In the case of a utility or hybrid club (analogous to the illustrated embodiments), the golf club head may have a volume between about 60 cm 3  and about 150 cm 3 , or between about 85 cm 3  and about 120 cm 3 , and a total mass between about 125 g and about 280 g, or between about 200 g and about 250 g. In the case of a driver (analogous to the illustrated embodiments), any of the disclosed golf club heads can have a volume between about 300 cm 3  and about 600 cm 3 , between about 350 cm 3  and about 600 cm 3 , and/or between about 350 cm 3  and about 500 cm 3 , and can have a total mass between about 145 g and about 260 g, such as between about 195 g and about 205 g. 
     In some of the embodiments described herein, a comparatively forgiving golf club head for a fairway wood can combine an overall golf club head height (H ch )—illustrated in  FIG.  1 B  as the distance  280  from a ground plane  210  to a parallel height plane  270  at a crown  109  of the golf club head  100 —of less than about 46 mm and an above ground balance point (BP Up) between 10 and 25 mm, such as a BP Up of less than about 23 mm. Some examples of the golf club head provide a BP Up less than about 22 mm, less than about 21 mm, or less than about 20 mm. In some of these golf club heads, Zup may be between 10 and 20 mm, such as less than 17 mm, less than 16 mm, less than 15 mm, or less than 14 mm. Some examples of the golf club head provide a first crown height at a face-to-crown transition region where the face connects to the crown near a front end of the body, a second crown height at a crown-to-skirt transition region where the crown connects to a skirt of the golf club head near a rear end of the body, and a third crown height located rearward of the first crown height and forward of the second crown height and the third crown height is greater than both the first and second crown heights. 
     The crown insert  168 , disclosed in various embodiments herein, can help overcome manufacturing challenges associated with conventional golf club heads having normal continuous crowns made of titanium or other metals, and can replace a relatively heavy component of the crown with a lighter material, freeing up discretionary mass which can be strategically allocated elsewhere within the golf club head. In certain embodiments, the crown may comprise a composite material, such as those described herein and in the incorporated disclosures, such as a composite material having a density of less than 2 grams per cubic centimeter. In still further embodiments, the material has a density of no more than 1.5 grams per cubic centimeter, or a density between 1 gram per cubic centimeter and 2 grams per cubic centimeter. Providing a lighter crown further provides the golf club head with additional discretionary mass, which can be used elsewhere within the golf club head to serve the purposes of the designer. For example, with the discretionary mass, additional ribs  192  can be strategically added to the hollow interior of the golf club head and thereby improve the acoustic properties of the head. Discretionary mass in the form of ribs, mass pads or other features also can be strategically located in the interior, or even on the exterior of the golf club head to shift the effective CG fore or aft, toeward or heelward or both (apart from any further CG adjustments made possible by adjustable weight features) or to improve desirable MOI characteristics, as further described herein. 
     Methods of making any of the golf club heads disclosed herein, or associated golf clubs, may include one or more of the following steps:
         forming a frame having a sole opening, forming a composite laminate sole insert, injection molding a thermoplastic composite head component over the sole insert to create a sole insert unit, and joining the sole insert unit to the frame, as described in more detail in the incorporated U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/440,886;   providing a composite head component which is a weight track capable of supporting one or more slidable weights;   forming the sole insert and/or crown insert from a thermoplastic composite material having a matrix compatible for bonding with the weight track;   forming the sole insert and/or crown insert from a continuous fiber composite material having continuous fibers selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, aramide fibers, carbon fibers and any combination thereof, and having a thermoplastic matrix consisting of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyamides, polypropylene, thermoplastic polyurethanes, thermoplastic polyureas, polyamide-amides (PAI), polyether amides (PEI), polyetheretherketones (PEEK), and any combinations thereof, wherein the sole insert is formed from a composite material having a density of less than 2 grams per cubic centimeter. In still further embodiments, the material has a density of less than 1.5 grams per cubic centimeter, or a density between 1 gram per cubic centimeter and 2 grams per cubic centimeter and the sole insert has a thickness of from about 0.195 mm to about 0.9 mm, preferably from about 0.25 mm to about 0.75 mm, more preferably from about 0.3 mm to about 0.65 mm, even more preferably from about 0.36 mm to about 0.56 mm;   forming both the sole insert and/or crown insert and weight track from thermoplastic composite materials having a compatible matrix;   forming the sole insert and/or crown insert from a thermosetting material, coating the sole insert with a heat activated adhesive, and forming the weight track from a thermoplastic material capable of being injection molded over the sole insert after the coating step;   forming the frame from a material selected from the group consisting of titanium, one or more titanium alloys, aluminum, one or more aluminum alloys, steel, one or more steel alloys, and any combination thereof;   forming the frame with a crown opening, forming a crown insert from a composite laminate material, and joining the crown insert to the frame such that the crown insert overlies the crown opening;   selecting a composite head component from the group consisting of one or more ribs to reinforce the head, one or more ribs to tune acoustic properties of the head, one or more weight ports to receive a fixed weight in a sole portion of the club head, one or more weight tracks to receive a slidable weight, and combinations thereof;   forming the sole insert and crown insert from a continuous carbon fiber composite material;   forming the sole insert and crown insert by thermosetting using materials suitable for thermosetting, and coating the sole insert with a heat activated adhesive;   forming the frame from titanium, titanium alloy or a combination thereof and has a crown opening, and the sole insert and weight track are each formed from a thermoplastic carbon fiber material having a matrix selected from the group consisting of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyamides, polypropylene, thermoplastic polyurethanes, thermoplastic polyureas, polyamide-amides (PAI), polyether amides (PEI), polyetheretherketones (PEEK), and any combinations thereof;   forming the frame with a crown opening, forming a crown insert from a thermoplastic composite material, and joining the crown insert to the frame such that it overlies the crown opening; and   providing a crown to sole stiffening member, as described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 9,693,291, the entire contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.       

     The bodies of the golf club heads disclosed herein, and optionally other components of the club heads as well, serve as frames and may be made from a variety of different types of suitable materials. In some embodiments, for example, the body and/or other head components can be made of a metal material such as steel and steel alloys, a titanium or titanium alloy (including but not limited to 6-4 titanium, 3-2.5, 6-4, SP700, 15-3-3-3, 10-2-3, or other alpha/near alpha, alpha-beta, and beta/near beta titanium alloys), or aluminum and aluminum alloys (including but not limited to 3000 series alloys, 5000 series alloys, 6000 series alloys, such as 6061-T6, and 7000 series alloys, such as 7075). The body may be formed by conventional casting, metal stamping or other known processes. The body also may be made of other metals as well as non-metals. The body can provide a framework or skeleton for the club head to strengthen the club head in areas of high stress caused by the golf ball&#39;s impact with the face, such as the transition region where the club head transitions from the face to the crown area, sole area and skirt area located between the sole and crown areas. 
     In some embodiments, the sole insert and/or crown insert of the club head may be made from a variety of composite materials and/or polymeric materials, such as from a thermoplastic material, preferably from a thermoplastic composite laminate material, and most preferably from a thermoplastic carbon composite laminate material. For example, the composite material may comprise an injection moldable material, thermoformable material, thermoset composite material or other composite material suitable for golf club head applications. One exemplary material is a thermoplastic continuous carbon fiber composite laminate material having long, aligned carbon fibers in a PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) matrix or base. One commercial example of this type of material, which is manufactured in sheet form, is TEPEX® DYNALITE 207 manufactured by Lanxess. 
     TEPEX® DYNALITE 207 is a high strength, lightweight material having multiple layers of continuous carbon fiber reinforcement in a PPS thermoplastic matrix or polymer to embed the fibers. The material may have a 54% fiber volume but other volumes (such as a volume of 42% to 57%) will suffice. The material weighs about 200 g/m 2 . 
     Another similar exemplary material which may be used for the crown insert and/or sole insert is TEPEX® DYNALITE 208. This material also has a carbon fiber volume range of 42% to 57%, including a 45% volume in one example, and a weight of 200 g/m 2 . DYNALITE 208 differs from DYNALITE 207 in that it has a TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) matrix or base rather than a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) matrix. 
     By way of example, the TEPEX® DYNALITE 207 sheet(s) (or other selected material such as DYNALITE 208) are oriented in different directions, placed in a two-piece (male/female) matched die, heated past the melt temperature, and formed to shape when the die is closed. This process may be referred to as thermoforming and is especially well-suited for forming sole and crown inserts. 
     Once the crown insert and/or sole insert are formed (separately) by the thermoforming process just described, each is cooled and removed from the matched die. The sole and crown inserts are shown as having a uniform thickness, which lends itself well to the thermoforming process and ease of manufacture. However, the sole and crown inserts may have a variable thickness to strengthen select local areas of the insert by, for example, adding additional plies in select areas to enhance durability, acoustic or other properties in those areas. 
     A crown insert and/or sole insert can have a complex three-dimensional curvature corresponding generally to the crown and sole shapes of a fairway wood-type club head and specifically to the design specifications and dimensions of the particular head designed by the manufacturer. It will be appreciated that other types of club heads, such as drivers, utility clubs (also known as hybrid clubs), rescue clubs, and the like may be manufactured using one or more of the principles, methods and materials described herein. 
     In an alternative embodiment, the sole insert and/or crown insert can be made by a process other than thermoforming, such as injection molding or thermosetting. In a thermoset process, the sole insert and/or crown insert may be made from prepreg plies of woven or unidirectional composite fiber fabric (such as carbon fiber) that is preimpregnated with resin and hardener formulations that activate when heated. The prepreg plies are placed in a mold suitable for a thermosetting process, such as a compression mold, e.g., a metal matched compression mold, or a bladder mold, and stacked/oriented with the carbon or other fibers oriented in different directions. The plies are heated to activate the chemical reaction and form the sole (or crown) insert. Each insert is cooled and removed from its respective mold. Additional disclosure regarding methods of forming sole and/or crown inserts can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 9,579,549, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference. 
     The carbon fiber reinforcement material for the thermoset sole/crown insert may be a carbon fiber known as “34-700” fiber, available from Grafil, Inc., of Sacramento, Calif., which has a tensile modulus of 234 Gpa (34 Msi) and tensile strength of 4500 Mpa (650 Ksi). Another suitable fiber, also available from Grafil, Inc., is a carbon fiber known as “TR50S” fiber which has a tensile modulus of 240 Gpa (35 Msi) and tensile strength of 4900 Mpa (710 Ksi). Exemplary epoxy resins for the prepreg plies used to form the thermoset crown and sole inserts are Newport 301 and 350 and are available from Newport Adhesives &amp; Composites, Inc., of Irvine, Calif. 
     In one example, the prepreg sheets have a quasi-isotropic fiber reinforcement of 34-700 fiber having an areal weight of about 70 g/m 2  and impregnated with an epoxy resin (e.g., Newport 301), resulting in a resin content (R/C) of about 40%. For convenience of reference, the primary composition of a prepreg sheet can be specified in abbreviated form by identifying its fiber areal weight, type of fiber, e.g., 70 FAW 34-700. The abbreviated form can further identify the resin system and resin content, e.g., 70 FAW 34-700/301, R/C 40%. 
     Once the sole insert and crown insert are formed, they can be joined to the body in a manner that creates a strong integrated construction adapted to withstand normal stress, loading and wear and tear expected of commercial golf clubs. For example, the sole insert and crown insert each may be bonded to the frame using epoxy adhesive, such as an adhesive applied between an interior surface of each respective insert and a corresponding exterior surface of the body, with the crown insert seated in and overlying the crown opening and the sole insert seated in and overlying the sole opening. Alternatively, a sole insert or crown insert may be attached inside an internal cavity of the body and then subsequently attached by securing an exterior surface of the insert to an interior surface of the body. Alternative attachment methods for bonding an insert to either an internal or an external surface of the body include bolts, rivets, snap fit, adhesives, other known joining methods or any combination thereof. 
     Exemplary polymers for the embodiments described herein may include without limitation, synthetic and natural rubbers, thermoset polymers such as thermoset polyurethanes or thermoset polyureas, as well as thermoplastic polymers including thermoplastic elastomers such as thermoplastic polyurethanes, thermoplastic polyureas, metallocene catalyzed polymer, unimodalethylene/carboxylic acid copolymers, unimodal ethylene/carboxylic acid/carboxylate terpolymers, bimodal ethylene/carboxylic acid copolymers, bimodal ethylene/carboxylic acid/carboxylate terpolymers, polyamides (PA), polyketones (PK), copolyamides, polyesters, copolyesters, polycarbonates, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), cyclic olefin copolymers (COC), polyolefins, halogenated polyolefins [e.g. chlorinated polyethylene (CPE)], halogenated polyalkylene compounds, polyalkenamer, polyphenylene oxides, polyphenylene sulfides, diallylphthalate polymers, polyimides, polyvinyl chlorides, polyamide-ionomers, polyurethane ionomers, polyvinyl alcohols, polyarylates, polyacrylates, polyphenylene ethers, impact-modified polyphenylene ethers, polystyrenes, high impact polystyrenes, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers, styrene-acrylonitriles (SAN), acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylonitriles, styrene-maleic anhydride (S/MA) polymers, styrenic block copolymers including styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene, (SEBS) and styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene (SEPS), styrenic terpolymers, functionalized styrenic block copolymers including hydroxylated, functionalized styrenic copolymers, and terpolymers, cellulosic polymers, liquid crystal polymers (LCP), ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers (EPDM), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), ethylene-propylene copolymers, propylene elastomers (such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,525,157, to Kim et al, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference), ethylene vinyl acetates, polyureas, and polysiloxanes and any and all combinations thereof. 
     Of these preferred are polyamides (PA), polyphthalimide (PPA), polyketones (PK), copolyamides, polyesters, copolyesters, polycarbonates, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), cyclic olefin copolymers (COC), polyphenylene oxides, diallylphthalate polymers, polyarylates, polyacrylates, polyphenylene ethers, and impact-modified polyphenylene ethers. Especially preferred polymers for use in the golf club heads of the present invention are the family of so called high performance engineering thermoplastics which are known for their toughness and stability at high temperatures. These polymers include the polysulfones, the polyetherimides, and the polyamide-imides. Of these, the most preferred are the polysufones. 
     Aromatic polysulfones are a family of polymers produced from the condensation polymerization of 4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone with itself or one or more dihydric phenols. The aromatic polysulfones include the thermoplastics sometimes called polyether sulfones, and the general structure of their repeating unit has a diaryl sulfone structure which may be represented as -arylene-SO 2 -arylene-. These units may be linked to one another by carbon-to-carbon bonds, carbon-oxygen-carbon bonds, carbon-sulfur-carbon bonds, or via a short alkylene linkage, so as to form a thermally stable thermoplastic polymer. Polymers in this family are completely amorphous, exhibit high glass-transition temperatures, and offer high strength and stiffness properties even at high temperatures, making them useful for demanding engineering applications. The polymers also possess good ductility and toughness and are transparent in their natural state by virtue of their fully amorphous nature. Additional key attributes include resistance to hydrolysis by hot water/steam and excellent resistance to acids and bases. The polysulfones are fully thermoplastic, allowing fabrication by most standard methods such as injection molding, extrusion, and thermoforming. They also enjoy a broad range of high temperature engineering uses. 
     Three commercially significant polysulfones are:
         polysulfone (PSU);   Polyethersulfone (PES also referred to as PESU); and   Polyphenylene sulfoner (PPSU).       

     Particularly important and preferred aromatic polysulfones are those comprised of repeating units of the structure —C 6 H 4 SO 2 —C 6 H 4 —O— where C 6 H 4  represents an m- or p-phenylene structure. The polymer chain can also comprise repeating units such as —C 6 H 4 —, C 6 H 4 —O—, —C 6 H 4 -(lower-alkylene)-C 6 H 4 —O—, —C 6 H 4 —O—C 6 H 4 —O—, —C 6 H 4 —S—C 6 H 4 —O— and other thermally stable substantially-aromatic difunctional groups known in the art of engineering thermoplastics. Also included are the so called modified polysulfones where the individual aromatic rings are further substituted in one or substituents including 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R is independently at each occurrence, a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a hydrocarbon group or a combination thereof. The halogen atom includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine atoms. The hydrocarbon group includes, for example, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C2-C20 alkenyl group, a C3-C20 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C20 cycloalkenyl group, and a C6-C20 aromatic hydrocarbon group. These hydrocarbon groups may be partly substituted by a halogen atom or atoms, or may be partly substituted by a polar group or groups other than the halogen atom or atoms. As specific examples of the C1-C20 alkyl group, there can be mentioned methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, amyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl and dodecyl groups. As specific examples of the C2-C20 alkenyl group, there can be mentioned propenyl, isopropepyl, butenyl, isobutenyl, pentenyland hexenyl groups. As specific examples of the C3-C20 cycloalkyl group, there can be mentionedcyclopentyl and cyclohexyl groups. As specific examples of the C3-C20 cycloalkenyl group, there can be mentioned cyclopentenyl and cyclohexenyl groups. As specific examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group, there can be mentioned phenyl and naphthyl groups or a combination thereof. 
     Individual preferred polymers, include, the polysulfone made by condensation polymerization of bisphenol A and 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone in the presence of base, and having the main repeating structure 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     having the abbreviation PSF and sold under the tradenames Udel®, Ultrason® S, Eviva®, RTP PSU, the polysulfone made by condensation polymerization of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl and 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone in the presence of base, and having the main repeating structure 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     having the abbreviation PPSF and sold under the tradenames RADEL® resin; and a condensation polymer made from 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone in the presence of base and having the principle repeating structure 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     having the abbreviation PPSF and sometimes called a “polyether sulfone” and sold under the tradenames Ultrason® E, LNP™, Veradel®PESU, Sumikaexce, and VICTREX® resin, and any and all combinations thereof. 
     In some embodiments, a composite material, such as a carbon composite, made of a composite including multiple plies or layers of a fibrous material (e.g., graphite, or carbon fiber including turbostratic or graphitic carbon fiber or a hybrid structure with both graphitic and turbostratic parts present. Examples of some of these composite materials for use in the metalwood golf clubs and their fabrication procedures are described in U.S. Reissue Pat. Nos. RE41,577; 7,267,620; 7,140,974; 8,096,897; 7,628,712; 7,985,146; 7,874,936; 7,874,937; 8,628,434; and 7,874,938; and U.S. Patent Pub. Nos. 2008/0149267 and 2009/0163289, which are all incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The composite material may be manufactured according to the methods described at least in U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2008/0149267, the entire contents of which are herein incorporated by reference. 
     Alternatively, short or long fiber-reinforced formulations of the previously referenced polymers. Exemplary formulations include a Nylon 6/6 polyamide formulation which is 30% Carbon Fiber Filled and available commercially from RTP Company under the trade name RTP 285. The material has a Tensile Strength of 35000 psi (241 MPa) as measured by ASTM D 638; a Tensile Elongation of 2.0-3.0% as measured by ASTM D 638; a Tensile Modulus of 3.30×10 6  psi (22754 MPa) as measured by ASTM D 638; a Flexural Strength of 50000 psi (345 MPa) as measured by ASTM D 790; and a Flexural Modulus of 2.60×10 6  psi (17927 MPa) as measured by ASTM D 790. 
     Also included is a polyphthalamide (PPA) formulation which is 40% Carbon Fiber Filled and available commercially from RTP Company under the trade name RTP 4087 UP. This material has a Tensile Strength of 360 MPa as measured by ISO 527; a Tensile Elongation of 1.4% as measured by ISO 527; a Tensile Modulus of 41500 MPa as measured by ISO 527; a Flexural Strength of 580 MPa as measured by ISO 178; and a Flexural Modulus of 34500 MPa as measured by ISO 178. 
     Also included is a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) formulation which is 30% Carbon Fiber Filled and available commercially from RTP Company under the trade name RTP 1385 UP. This material has a Tensile Strength of 255 MPa as measured by ISO 527; a Tensile Elongation of 1.3% as measured by ISO 527; a Tensile Modulus of 28500 MPa as measured by ISO 527; a Flexural Strength of 385 MPa as measured by ISO 178; and a Flexural Modulus of 23,000 MPa as measured by ISO 178. 
     An example is a polysulfone (PSU) formulation which is 20% Carbon Fiber Filled and available commercially from RTP Company under the trade name RTP 983. This material has a Tensile Strength of 124 MPa as measured by ISO 527; a Tensile Elongation of 2% as measured by ISO 527; a Tensile Modulus of 11032 MPa as measured by ISO 527; a Flexural Strength of 186 MPa as measured by ISO 178; and a Flexural Modulus of 9653 MPa as measured by ISO 178. 
     Another example is a polysulfone (PSU) formulation which is 30% Carbon Fiber Filled and available commercially from RTP Company under the trade name RTP 985. This material has a Tensile Strength of 138 MPa as measured by ISO 527; a Tensile Elongation of 1.2% as measured by ISO 527; a Tensile Modulus of 20685 MPa as measured by ISO 527; a Flexural Strength of 193 MPa as measured by ISO 178; and a Flexural Modulus of 12411 MPa as measured by ISO 178. 
     Also an option is a polysulfone (PSU) formulation which is 40% Carbon Fiber Filled and available commercially from RTP Company under the trade name RTP 987. This material has a Tensile Strength of 155 MPa as measured by ISO 527; a Tensile Elongation of 1% as measured by ISO 527; a Tensile Modulus of 24132 MPa as measured by ISO 527; a Flexural Strength of 241 MPa as measured by ISO 178; and a Flexural Modulus of 19306 MPa as measured by ISO 178. 
     The foregoing materials are well-suited for composite, polymer and insert components of the embodiments disclosed herein, as distinguished from components which preferably are made of metal or metal alloys. 
     Additional details regarding providing composite soles and/or crowns and crown layups are provided in U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2016/0001146, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     As described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,623,378, filed Jun. 11, 2001, entitled “METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AND GOLF CLUB HEAD” and incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, the crown or outer shell of the golf club head  100  may be made of a composite material, such as, for example, a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy, carbon fiber reinforced polymer, or a polymer. Additionally, U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2004/0116207 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,969,326, also incorporated by reference herein in their entirety, describe golf club heads with lightweight crowns. Furthermore, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/974,437 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,608,591), also incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, describes golf club heads with lightweight crowns and soles. 
     In some embodiments, composite materials used to construct the crown and/or sole insert should exhibit high strength and rigidity over a broad temperature range as well as good wear and abrasion behavior and be resistant to stress cracking. Such properties include (1) a Tensile Strength at room temperature of from about 7 ksi to about 330 ksi, preferably of from about 8 ksi to about 305 ksi, more preferably of from about 200 ksi to about 300 ksi, even more preferably of from about 250 ksi to about 300 ksi (as measured by ASTM D 638 and/or ASTM D 3039); (2) a Tensile Modulus at room temperature of from about 0.4 Msi to about 23 Msi, preferably of from about 0.46 Msi to about 21 Msi, more preferably of from about 0.46 Msi to about 19 Msi (as measured by ASTM D 638 and/or ASTM D 3039); (3) a Flexural Strength at room temperature of from about 13 ksi to about 300 ksi, from about 14 ksi to about 290 ksi, more preferably of from about 50 ksi to about 285 ksi, even more preferably of from about 100 ksi to about 280 ksi (as measured by ASTM D 790); and (4) a Flexural Modulus at room temperature of from about 0.4 Msi to about 21 Msi, from about 0.5 Msi to about 20 Msi, more preferably of from about 10 Msi to about 19 Msi (as measured by ASTM D 790). 
     In certain embodiments, composite materials that are useful for making club-head components comprise a fiber portion and a resin portion. In general, the resin portion serves as a “matrix” in which the fibers are embedded in a defined manner. In a composite for club-heads, the fiber portion is configured as multiple fibrous layers or plies that are impregnated with the resin component. The fibers in each layer have a respective orientation, which is typically different from one layer to the next and precisely controlled. The usual number of layers for a striking face is substantial, e.g., forty or more. However, for a sole or crown, the number of layers can be substantially decreased to, e.g., three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, examples of which will be provided below. During fabrication of the composite material, the layers (each comprising respectively oriented fibers impregnated in uncured or partially cured resin; each such layer being called a “prepreg” layer) are placed superposedly in a “lay-up” manner. After forming the prepreg lay-up, the resin is cured to a rigid condition. If interested a specific strength may be calculated by dividing the tensile strength by the density of the material. This is also known as the strength-to-weight ratio or strength/weight ratio. 
     In tests involving certain club-head configurations, composite portions formed of prepreg plies having a relatively low fiber areal weight (FAW) have been found to provide superior attributes in several areas, such as impact resistance, durability, and overall club performance. FAW is the weight of the fiber portion of a given quantity of prepreg, in units of g/m 2 . Crown and/or sole panels may be formed of plies of composite material having a fiber areal weight of between 20 g/m 2  and 200 g/m 2  and a density between about 1 g/cc and 2 g/cc. However, FAW values below 100 g/m 2 , and more desirably 75 g/m 2  or less, can be particularly effective. A particularly suitable fibrous material for use in making prepreg plies is carbon fiber, as noted. More than one fibrous material can be used. In other embodiments, however, prepreg plies having FAW values below 70 g/m 2  and above 100 g/m 2  may be used. Generally, cost is the primary prohibitive factor in prepreg plies having FAW values below 70 g/m 2 . 
     In particular embodiments, multiple low-FAW prepreg plies can be stacked and still have a relatively uniform distribution of fiber across the thickness of the stacked plies. In contrast, at comparable resin-content (R/C, in units of percent) levels, stacked plies of prepreg materials having a higher FAW tend to have more significant resin-rich regions, particularly at the interfaces of adjacent plies, than stacked plies of low-FAW materials. Resin-rich regions tend to reduce the efficacy of the fiber reinforcement, particularly since the force resulting from golf-ball impact is generally transverse to the orientation of the fibers of the fiber reinforcement. The prepreg plies used to form the panels desirably comprise carbon fibers impregnated with a suitable resin, such as epoxy. An example carbon fiber is “34-700” carbon fiber (available from Grafil, Sacramento, Calif.), having a tensile modulus of 234 Gpa (34 Msi) and a tensile strength of 4500 Mpa (650 Ksi). Another Grafil fiber that can be used is “TR50S” carbon fiber, which has a tensile modulus of 240 Gpa (35 Msi) and a tensile strength of 4900 Mpa (710 ksi). Suitable epoxy resins are types “301” and “350” (available from Newport Adhesives and Composites, Irvine, Calif.). An exemplary resin content (R/C) is between 33% and 40%, preferably between 35% and 40%, more preferably between 36% and 38%. 
     Some of the embodiments of the golf club head  100  discussed throughout this application may include a separate crown, sole, and/or face that may be a composite, such as, for example, a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy, carbon fiber reinforced polymer, or a polymer crown, sole, and/or face. Alternatively, the crown, sole, and/or face may be made from a less dense material, such as, for example, Titanium or Aluminum. A portion of the crown may be cast from either steel (˜7.8-8.05 g/cm 3 ) or titanium (˜4.43 g/cm 3 ) while a majority of the crown may be made from a less dense material, such as for example, a material having a density of about 1.5 g/cm 3  or some other material having a density less than about 4.43 g/cm 3 . In other words, the crown could be some other metal or a composite. Additionally or alternatively, the face may be welded in place rather than cast as part of the sole. 
     By making the crown, sole, and/or face out of a less dense material, it may allow for weight to be redistributed from the crown, sole, and/or face to other areas of the club head, such as, for example, low and forward and/or low and back. Both low and forward and low and back may be possible for club heads incorporating a front to back sliding weight track. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 8,163,119 discloses composite articles and methods for making composite articles, which disclosure is incorporated by reference herein in the entirety. U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,452,325 and 7,279,963 disclose various composite crown constructions that may be used for golf club heads, which disclosures are also incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. The techniques and layups described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,163,119; 9,452,325; and 7,279,963, incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, may be employed for constructing a composite crown panel, composite sole panel, composite toe panel located on the sole, and/or composite heel panel located on the sole. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 8,163,119 discloses the usual number of layers for a striking plate is substantial, e.g., fifty or more. However, improvements have been made in the art such that the layers may be decreased to between 30 and 50 layers. Additionally, for a panel located on the sole and/or crown the layers can be substantially decreased down to three, four, five, six, seven, or more layers. 
     Table 1 below provides examples of possible layups. These layups show possible crown and/or sole construction using unidirectional plies unless noted as woven plies. The construction shown is for a quasi-isotropic layup. A single layer ply has a thickness ranging from about 0.065 mm to about 0.080 mm for a standard FAW of 70 g/m 2  with about 36% to about 40% resin content, however the crown and/or sole panels may be formed of plies of composite material having a fiber areal weight of between 20 g/m 2  and 200 g/m 2 . The thickness of each individual ply may be altered by adjusting either the FAW or the resin content, and therefore the thickness of the entire layup may be altered by adjusting these parameters. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ply 1 
                 ply 2 
                 ply 3 
                 ply 4 
                 ply 5 
                 ply 6 
                 ply 7 
                 ply 8 
                 AW g/m 2   
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 0 
                 −60 
                 +60 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 290-360 
               
               
                 0 
                 −45 
                 +45 
                 90 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 390-480 
               
               
                 0 
                 +60 
                 90 
                 −60 
                 0 
                   
                   
                   
                 490-600 
               
               
                 0 
                 +45 
                 90 
                 −45 
                 0 
                   
                   
                   
                 490-600 
               
               
                 90 
                 +45 
                 0 
                 −45 
                 90 
                   
                   
                   
                 490-600 
               
               
                 +45 
                 90 
                 0 
                 90 
                 −45 
                   
                   
                   
                 490-600 
               
               
                 +45 
                 0 
                 90 
                 0 
                 −45 
                   
                   
                   
                 490-600 
               
               
                 0 
                 90 
                 +45 
                 −45 
                 0/90 woven 
                   
                   
                   
                 490-720 
               
               
                 0 
                 90 
                 +45 
                 −45 
                 +45 
                 0/90 woven 
                   
                   
                 490-720 
               
               
                 −60 
                 −30 
                 0 
                 +30 
                 60 
                 90 
                   
                   
                 590-720 
               
               
                 0 
                 90 
                 +45 
                 −45 
                 90 
                 0 
                   
                   
                 590-720 
               
               
                 90 
                 0 
                 +45 
                 −45 
                 0 
                 90 
                   
                   
                 590-720 
               
               
                 0 
                 90 
                 45 
                 −45 
                 45 
                 0/90 woven 
                   
                   
                 590-720 
               
               
                 90 
                 0 
                 45 
                 −45 
                 45 
                 90/0 woven 
                   
                   
                 590-720 
               
               
                 0 
                 90 
                 45 
                 −45 
                 −45 
                 45 
                 0/90 woven 
                   
                 680-840 
               
               
                 90 
                 0 
                 45 
                 −45 
                 −45 
                 45 
                 90/0 woven 
                   
                 680-840 
               
               
                 +45 
                 −45 
                 90 
                 0 
                 0 
                 90 
                 −45/45 woven  
                   
                 680-840 
               
               
                 0 
                 90 
                 45 
                 −45 
                 −45 
                 45 
                 90 UD 
                   
                 680-840 
               
               
                 0 
                 90 
                 45 
                 −45 
                 0 
                 −45 
                 45 
                 0/90 woven 
                 780-960 
               
               
                 90 
                 0 
                 45 
                 −45 
                 0 
                 −45 
                 45 
                 90/0 woven 
                 780-960 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The Area Weight (AW) is calculated by multiplying the density times the thickness. For the plies shown above made from composite material the density is about 1.5 g/cm3 and for titanium the density is about 4.5 g/cm3. Depending on the material used and the number of plies the composite crown and/or sole thickness ranges from about 0.195 mm to about 0.9 mm, preferably from about 0.25 mm to about 0.75 mm, more preferably from about 0.3 mm to about 0.65 mm, even more preferably from about 0.36 mm to about 0.56 mm. It should be understood that although these ranges are given for both the crown and sole together it does not necessarily mean the crown and sole will have the same thickness or be made from the same materials. In certain embodiments, the sole may be made from either a titanium alloy or a steel alloy. Similarly, the main body of the golf club head  100  may be made from either a titanium alloy or a steel alloy. The titanium will typically range from 0.4 mm to about 0.9 mm, preferably from 0.4 mm to about 0.8 mm, more preferably from 0.4 mm to about 0.7 mm, even more preferably from 0.45 mm to about 0.6 mm. In some instances, the crown and/or sole may have non-uniform thickness, such as, for example varying the thickness between about 0.45 mm and about 0.55 mm. 
     A lot of discretionary mass may be freed up by using composite material in the crown and/or sole especially when combined with thin walled titanium construction (0.4 mm to 0.9 mm) in other parts of the golf club head  10 . The thin walled titanium construction increases the manufacturing difficulty and ultimately fewer parts are cast at a time. In the past, 100+ golf club heads could be cast at a single time, however due to the thinner wall construction fewer golf club heads are cast per cluster to achieve the desired combination of high yield and low material usage. 
     An important strategy for obtaining more discretionary mass is to reduce the wall thickness of the golf club head  10 . For a typical titanium-alloy “metal-wood” club-head having a volume of 460 cm3 (i.e., a driver) and a crown area of 100 cm2, the thickness of the crown is typically about 0.8 mm, and the mass of the crown is about 36 g. Thus, reducing the wall thickness by 0.2 mm (e.g., from 1 mm to 0.8 mm) can yield a discretionary mass “savings” of 9.0 g. 
     The following examples will help to illustrate the possible discretionary mass “savings” by making a composite crown rather than a titanium-alloy crown. For example, reducing the material thickness to about 0.73 mm yields an additional discretionary mass “savings” of about 25.0 g over a 0.8 mm titanium-alloy crown. For example, reducing the material thickness to about 0.73 mm yields an additional discretionary mass “savings” of about 25 g over a 0.8 mm titanium-alloy crown or 34 g over a 1.0 mm titanium-alloy crown. Additionally, a 0.6 mm composite crown yields an additional discretionary mass “savings” of about 27 g over a 0.8 mm titanium-alloy crown. Moreover, a 0.4 mm composite crown yields an additional discretionary mass “savings” of about 30 g over a 0.8 mm titanium-alloy crown. The crown can be made even thinner yet to achieve even greater weight savings, for example, about 0.32 mm thick, about 0.26 mm thick, about 0.195 mm thick. However, the crown thickness must be balanced with the overall durability of the crown during normal use and misuse. For example, an unprotected crown i.e. one without a head cover could potentially be damaged from colliding with other woods or irons in a golf bag. 
     For example, any of the embodiments disclosed herein may have a crown or sole insert formed of plies of composite material having a fiber areal weight of between 20 g/m 2  and 200 g/m 2 , preferably between 50 g/m 2  and 100 g/m 2 , the weight of the composite crown being at least 20% less than the weight of a similar sized piece formed of the metal of the body. The composite crown may be formed of at least four plies of uni-tape standard modulus graphite, the plies of uni-tape oriented at any combination of 0° (forward to rearward of the club head), +45°, −45° and 90° (heelward to toeward of the golf club head). Additionally or alternatively, the crown may include an outermost layer of a woven graphite cloth. Carbon crown panels or inserts or carbon sole panels as disclosed herein and in the incorporated applications may be utilized with any of the embodiments herein, and may have a thickness between 0.40 mm to 1.0 mm, preferably 0.40 mm to 0.80 mm, more preferably 0.40 mm to 0.65 mm, and a density between 1 gram per cubic centimeter and 2 grams per cubic centimeter, though other thicknesses and densities are also possible. 
     One potential embodiment of a carbon sole panel that may be utilized with any of the embodiments herein weighs between 1.0 grams and 5.0 grams, such as between 1.25 grams and 2.75 grams, such as between 3.0 grams and 4.5 grams. In other embodiments, the carbon sole panel may weigh less than 3.0 grams, such as less than 2.5 grams, such as less than 2.0 grams, such as less than 1.75 grams. The carbon sole panel may have a surface area of at least 1250 mm 2 , 1500 mm 2 , 1750 mm 2 , or 2000 mm 2 . 
     One potential embodiment of a carbon crown panel that may be utilized with any of the embodiments herein weighs between 3.0 grams and 8.0 grams, such as between 3.5 grams and 7.0 grams, such as between 3.5 grams and 7.0 grams. In other embodiments, the carbon crown panel may weigh less than 7.0 grams, such as less than 6.5 grams, such as less than 6.0 grams, such as less than 5.5 grams, such as less than 5.0 grams, such as less than 4.5 grams. The carbon crown panel may have a surface area of at least 3000 mm 2 , 3500 mm 2 , 3750 mm 2 , 4000 mm 2 . 
       FIG.  2 A  illustrates one embodiment of a COR feature in combination with a sliding weight track. Similar features are shown in the other embodiments. While the illustrated embodiments may only have a COR feature and a sliding weight track, other embodiments may have a COR feature, a sliding weight track, and an adjustable loft/lie feature or some other combination of features. 
     As already discussed, and making reference to the embodiment illustrated in  FIG.  2 A , the COR feature may have a certain length L (which may be measured as the distance between toeward end and heelward end of the front channel  114 ), width W (e.g., the measurement from a forward edge to a rearward edge of the front channel  114 ), and offset distance OS from the front end, or face  104  (e.g., the distance between the face  104  and the forward edge of front channel  114 , also shown in  FIG.  4    as the width of the front ground contact surface  112  between the face plate  111  and the front channel  114 ). During development, it was discovered that the COR feature length L and the offset distance OS from the face play an important role in managing the stress which impacts durability, the sound or first mode frequency of the club head, and the COR value of the club head. All of these parameters play an important role in the overall club head performance and user perception. 
     During development, it was discovered that a ratio of COR feature length to the offset distance may be preferably greater than 4, and even more preferably greater than 5, and most preferably greater than 5.5. However, the ratio of COR feature length to offset distance also has an upper limit and is preferably less than 15, and even more preferably less than 14, and most preferably less than 13.5. For example, for a COR feature length of 30 mm the offset distance from the face would preferably be less than 7.5 mm, and even more preferably 6 mm or less from the face. Additional disclosure about the relationship between COR feature length and offset, and related effects are provided in in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/859,071, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     The offset distance is highly dependent on the slot length. As slot length increases so do the stresses in the club head, as a result the offset distance must be increased to manage stress. Additionally, as slot length increases the first mode frequency is negatively impacted. 
     Exemplary embodiments of the structure of the weight channel  130  are further described herein. As best illustrated in in  FIGS.  2 A and  3 - 5 B , weight channel  130  may be formed as a curved arc extending in a generally heel-toe direction, which may be bounded by a curved forward edge  132  opposing a curved rearward edge  134 . Forward edge  132  may comprise an outer arc of the weight channel  130  that extends at least or (as illustrated) greater than half the width of the golf club head, which the USGA defines in “United States Golf Association and R&amp;A Rules Limited PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING THE CLUB HEAD SIZE OF WOOD CLUBS,” USGA-TPX3003, Revision 1.0.0, Nov. 21, 2003, as being measured from the heel of the golf club head to the toe of the golf club head. This length (heel-to-toe) is measured with the head positioned at a 60 degree lie angle. If the outermost point of the heel is not clearly defined, it is deemed to be 0.875 inches above the horizontal plane on which the club is lying. In some embodiments, the forward edge  132  may comprise an outer arc of the weight channel  130  that extends at least or (as illustrated) greater than half the depth of the golf club head, as measured from the face  104  of the golf club head to a trailing edge at the rear end  110  of the golf club head. The weight channel may curve rearwardly away from the face  104  to a heelward end  136  and a toeward end  138 , respectively. These ends  136 ,  138  may be positioned rearward of the forward edge  132  of the weight channel. In certain other embodiments (not shown), the weight channel may extend in a primarily linear direction, such as in a heel-toe direction or in a forward-rearward direction. In still other embodiments, the weight channel may extend in a curved arc along either a toe side or a heel side of the golf club head. While in the examples shown in  FIGS.  2 - 16   , the weight channel is shown as being positioned in the forward portion of the golf club head, in other embodiments (as shown in  FIGS.  17 - 18   ), the weight channel may be positioned in a rearward portion of the golf club head, as further described below. 
     The rearward edge  134  of the weight channel may drop down to a lower channel surface  131  that is raised up from the sole of the golf club. Lower channel surface  131  may be substantially parallel to, or as illustrated, slightly angled away from the sole  103  of the golf club head, so that the weight channel  130  may be deeper at the forward edge  132  than it is at the rearward edge  134 . As illustrated in  FIG.  10   , one or more cantilevered ribs or struts  192  may be provided within the interior cavity  122  of the golf club head on the underside of the weight channel  130  to support and provide rigidity to the weight channel  130 . As illustrated in  FIG.  3   , projections (such as parallel ribbed projections  172  may be provided on the lower channel surface  131  of the weight channel  130 , such as at the forward edge  132 , to interact with corresponding ribbed weight projections  182  on a mating surface of the weight member  140  to better hold the weight member  140  in a desired position when a fastener  150  is tightened to secure the weight member  140 . A rear weight channel ledge  174  may protrude up and out from the lower channel surface  131  and run parallel to the rearward edge  134  of the weight channel  130 , to engage a corresponding recessed ledge portion  184  on a surface of the weight member  140 , as further described below. Additionally, an indentation  176  may be formed within the rearward edge  134  of the weight channel  130  and configured for at least partially containing a material for damping the weight member  140 . One example of such a material would be a layer of compressible foam, such as PORON® foam, though other materials, such as or a SORBOTHANE®, or PORON®, polyurethane foam material, thermoplastic elastomer or other appropriate damping materials may be used. 
     In certain embodiments, this compressible material may comprise an elastically compressible material that can be compressed down to, e.g., less than 90% of its original uncompressed thickness, down to less than 50% of its original uncompressed thickness, down to less than 20% of its original uncompressed thickness, or, in particular embodiments, down to less than 10% of its original uncompressed thickness, while typically being able to rebound substantially to its uncompressed thickness upon removal of a compression force. In some embodiments, the material may be compressed down to less than 50% of its original uncompressed thickness when a compression force is applied and rebound to more than 90% of its original uncompressed thickness upon removal of the compression force. 
     The following table provides examples A-I showing an example initial uncompressed material depth, a final compressed material depth, the delta between the uncompressed and compressed material depths, and the percent the material was compressed. In this example, an uncompressed depth of 1.5 mm is used, however this is purely an example and several other depths could be used for the compressible material within indentation  176 , ranging from about 0.25 mm to about 5 mm, preferably from about 0.5 mm to about 3.5 mm, more preferably from about 0.8 mm to about 2.0 mm depending on the application. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Uncompressed 
                 Compressed 
                 Delta 
                 Percent 
               
               
                 Example 
                 Height (mm) 
                 Height (mm) 
                 (mm) 
                 Change 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 A 
                 1.5 
                 0.15 
                 1.35 
                 −90% 
               
               
                 B 
                 1.5 
                 0.3 
                 1.2 
                 −80% 
               
               
                 C 
                 1.5 
                 0.45 
                 1.5 
                 −70% 
               
               
                 D 
                 1.5 
                 0.6 
                 0.9 
                 −60% 
               
               
                 E 
                 1.5 
                 0.75 
                 0.75 
                 −50% 
               
               
                 F 
                 1.5 
                 0.9 
                 0.6 
                 −40% 
               
               
                 G 
                 1.5 
                 1.5 
                 0.45 
                 −30% 
               
               
                 H 
                 1.5 
                 1.2 
                 0.3 
                 −20% 
               
               
                 I 
                 1.5 
                 1.35 
                 0.15 
                 −10% 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The percent the material is compressed is calculated by subtracting the initial uncompressed thickness from the final compressed thickness, dividing the result by the initial uncompressed shim thickness, and finally multiplying by 100 percent. See Equation 3 below for further clarification. The equation yields a negative percent change because the shim is being compressed i.e. the final thickness is less than the uncompressed shim thickness. 
       Percent Change=100%*( T   final   −T   initial )/ T   initial   (3)
 
     Additionally or alternatively, the percent change could also be expressed as an absolute percent change along with the word compression or tension to indicate the sign. In tensions the sign is positive and in compression the sign is negative. For example, a material that is compressed at least 10% is the same as a shim that has a percent change of at least −10%. 
     Additional disclosure regarding the use of compressible material is provided in U.S. Pat. No. 9,868,036, issued on Jan. 16, 2018, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     Within lower channel surface  131  is positioned a fastener port  152 . The fastener port  152  may be configured to receive a fastener  150 . As such, fastener port  152  may be threaded so that fastener  150  can be loosened or tightened either to allow movement of, or to secure in position, weight member  140 , as further described herein. The fastener may comprise a head  151  with which a tool (not shown) may be used to tighten or loosen the fastener, and a fastener body  153  that may, e.g., be threaded to interact with corresponding threads on the fastener port  152  to facilitate tightening or loosening the fastener  150 . The fastener port  152  can have any of a number of various configurations to receive and/or retain any of a number of fasteners, which may comprise simple threaded fasteners, such as described below, or which may comprise removable weights or weight assemblies, such as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,773,360, 7,166,040, 7,452,285, 7,628,707, 7,186,190, 7,591,738, 7,963,861, 7,621,823, 7,448,963, 7,568,985, 7,578,753, 7,717,804, 7,717,805, 7,530,904, 7,540,811, 7,407,447, 7,632,194, 7,846,041, 7,419,441, 7,713,142, 7,744,484, 7,223,180, 7,410,425 and 7,410,426, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety herein. As illustrated in  FIG.  9 B , fastener port  152  may be angled diagonally so that the fastener  150  is angled away from the front end  104  of the golf club head, and the fastener port is forward of a head  151  of the fastener, which may provide a more secure attachment by “sandwiching” the portion of the weight member  140  likely to have the greatest mass between the forward edge  132  of the weight channel  130  and the fastener  150 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  5 A and  9 A , weight channel  130  is configured to define a path  137  for and to at least partially contain an adjustable weight member  140  (best illustrated in  FIG.  9 A ) that is both configured to translate along the path  137  defined by the weight channel  130  and sized to be slidably retained, or at least partially retained, within the footprint of the weight channel  130  by a fastener  150 . The path  137  may comprise a path dimension representing a distance of travel for the weight member  140 , wherein the distance comprises the distance between a first end of the path proximate to a first end of the channel (e.g., heelward end  136 ) and a second path end positioned proximate to a second end of the channel (e.g., toeward end  138 ). Fastener  150  may be removable, and may comprise a screw, bolt, or other suitable device for fastening as described herein and in the incorporated applications. Fastener  150  may extend through an elongated weight slot  154  passing through the body of the weight member  140 . Weight slot  154  may extend through weight member  140  from a lower surface  141  of the weight member that is substantially parallel to the sole  103 —and may serve as an additional ground contact point when the golf club head is soled—through an upper surface  145  of the weight member that is positioned against the lower channel surface  131  of the weight channel and into a fastener port  152  in the weight channel  130 . The weight member  140  is positioned within the weight channel  130  and entirely external to the interior cavity  122 , and (as illustrated in  FIGS.  9 A and  9 B ) has a depth  143  that extends normal to the path  137  between a forward side  142  that may be curved parallel to the forward edge  132  of the weight channel  130  and a rearward side  144  that may be curved parallel to the rearward edge  134  of the weight channel. Additionally, as shown in  FIGS.  6  and  7   , the weight member may have a greater height at the forward side  142  than at a rearward side  144 , and may taper down from the forward side  142  to the rearward side  144 . In particular cases, the weight member  140  may be configured so that the center of mass is positioned closer to the forward side  142  than to the rearward side  144 . Additionally, the weight member may comprise two or more stepped portions, such as a first “higher” step portion nearer the forward side of the weight member having a first height, and a second “lower” step portion adjacent the rearward side having a second height that is smaller than the first height. Additional “steps” may also be used to move from the height at the forward portion to the height at the rearward portion. In the illustrated embodiment, the second stepped portion may comprise a chamfered edge positioned in the upper surface  145  at the rearward side  144  of the weight member, which is configured to form a recessed ledge portion  184  to engage a corresponding rear weight channel ledge  174  on the weight channel  130 . As illustrated in  FIG.  7   , an indentation  186  may be provided within the shelf within which a damping material, such as a polymeric pad (or other suitable material, such as the damping material described above with regard to indentation  176 ) may be provided to position between the weight member  140  and the body of the golf club head  100 , such as between the recessed ledge portion  184  and the rear weight channel ledge  174 . 
     The weight member  140 , which may comprise a steel weight member or other suitable material, has a length  147  (as illustrated in  FIG.  9 A ) that extends parallel to the path  137  along which the weight member translates, measured from a heelward end  146  to a toeward end  148  of the weight member  140 . While in the illustrated example, length  147  is an arc, length  147  may be measured as either an arc or a straight line, as appropriate to the particular shape of the weight member  140  and the path  137 . The length of the weight member  140  in the illustrated example is at least 50 percent of the length of the path  137 , and in some instances may be at least 70 percent of the length of the path  137 . As shown in  FIG.  8   , the ends of the weight member may be cantilevered, so that the heelward end  146  and toeward end  148  of an upper portion of the weight member adjacent the lower channel surface  131  of the weight channel are parallel to the heelward end  136  and toeward end  146 , respectively, of the weight channel, while the heelward end  146  and toeward end  148  of a lower portion of the weight member that extends from the upper portion of the weight member up towards the sole  103  may be angled away from the heelward end  136  and toeward end  138 , respectively, of the weight channel  130 . The weight slot  154  may comprise an elongated slot that runs a substantial portion of the length of the weight member parallel to the rearward edge  144  of the weight member  140  from a heelward end  156  to a toeward end  158 . The weight slot may further comprise an interior fastener ledge  155  to support the head  151  of a fastener  150 . When tightened, the fastener  150  retains the weight member  140  in place. When fastener  150  is loosened, the fastener may be configured to remain stationary relative to the fastener port  152 , while the position of the weight member  140  may be adjusted. 
     In the illustrated example shown in  FIG.  9 A , weight member  140  may be translated laterally along the path  137  in a heelward or toeward direction to adjust, for example, golf club center of gravity movement along an x-axis (CGx), such as to control left or right tendency of a golf swing. Adjusting the weight member from a first position that is closer to a heelward end  136  of the weight channel  130  to a second position that is closer to a toeward end  138  of the weight channel may provide a CGx movement of at least 3 mm. In particular instances, CGx movement may exceed 4 mm, or in even more specific instances, CGx movement may exceed 5 mm. It is to be understood that in the illustrated embodiment, the weight is moving along the path  137  in an arc about a center axis of curvature  159  (illustrated in  FIG.  9 A ), which is situated rearward of the golf club head&#39;s face  104 . In particular cases, the center axis of curvature may be positioned rearward of the weight channel  130  itself, and in some instances, the center axis of curvature  159  may be rearward of a center of gravity of the golf club head. In the illustrated embodiment, the weight member is configured to move around the center axis of curvature  159  in an arc of less than 180 degrees, but may in particular embodiments move in an arc of less than 90 degrees, such as in an arc of between 5 degrees and 90 degrees, or between 10 degrees and 30 degrees, or between 15 degrees and 45 degrees, or may not move in an arc at all, but simply translate linearly. It is to be understood that in the illustrated embodiment the center axis of curvature  159  is not collocated with the position of the fastener. Ribbed weight projections  182  may be provided on the lower surface  145  of the weight member  140 , such as adjacent to the forward edge  142 , to interact with corresponding parallel ribbed projections  172  on a mating surface of the weight channel  130  to better hold weight member  140  in any of a number of selectable positions which may be selected by translating weight member  140  heelward or toeward (in the illustrated example) along the path of the weight channel  130  until a desired position is achieved. In some instances, five or more such positions may be provided. In other embodiments, ten or more such positions are provided. Weight member may also be configured with a visual weight position indicator  149  which may be aligned with visual markings  119  on the sole  103  of the golf club head to indicate the relative position of the weight member  140  along the path of the weight channel  130 . Once the desired position is achieved, fastener  150  may be tightened to secure the weight member  140  in place. The weight member may have a mass that is between 10 to 80 grams, or in some particular instances, a mass that is above 30 grams, above 40 grams, above 50 grams, or above 60 grams. In certain embodiments, the weight member  140  may comprise at least 25 percent of a total mass of the golf club head  100 . In particular cases, the weight member  140  may comprise at least 30 percent of the total mass of the golf club head  100 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  3   , the golf club head  100  can optionally include a separate crown insert  168  that is secured to the body  102 , such as by applying a layer of epoxy adhesive  167  or other securement means, such as bolts, rivets, snap fit, other adhesives, or other joining methods or any combination thereof, to cover a large opening  190  at the top and rear of the body, forming part of the crown  109  of the golf club head. The crown insert  168  covers a substantial portion of the crown&#39;s surface area as, for example, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70% or at least 80% of the crown&#39;s surface area. The crown&#39;s outer boundary generally terminates where the crown surface undergoes a significant change in radius of curvature, e.g., near where the crown transitions to the golf club head&#39;s sole  103 , hosel  162 , and front end  104 . As described above, and as partially shown in  FIG.  10   , the crown opening  190  can be formed to have a recessed peripheral ledge or seat  170  to receive the crown insert  168 , such that the crown insert is either flush with the adjacent surfaces of the body to provide a smooth seamless outer surface or, alternatively, slightly recessed below the body surfaces. The front of the crown insert  168  can join with a front portion of the crown  109  on the body  102  to form a continuous, arched crown extend forward to the face. The crown insert  168  can comprise any suitable material, and can be attached to the body in any suitable manner, as described in more detail herein. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  13   , the golf club head&#39;s hosel  162  further provides a shaft connection assembly  300  that allows the shaft to be easily disconnected from the golf club head, and that may provide the ability for the user to selectively adjust a and/or lie-angle of the golf club. The hosel  162  defines a hosel bore  163 , which in turn is adapted to receive a hosel insert  164 . The hosel bore  163  is also adapted to receive a shaft sleeve  302  mounted on the lower end portion of a shaft, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,303,431. A recessed port  166 , is provided on the sole  103 , and extends from the sole  103  into the interior cavity  122  of the body  102  toward the hosel  162 , and in particular the hosel bore  163 . The hosel bore  163  extends from the hosel  162  through the golf club head and opens within the recessed port  166  at the sole  103  of the golf club head  100 . 
     The golf club head is removably attached to the shaft by shaft sleeve  302  (which is mounted to the lower end portion of a golf club shaft (not shown)) by inserting the shaft sleeve  302  into the hosel bore  163  and a hosel insert  164  (which is mounted inside the hosel bore  163 ), and inserting a screw  310  (or other suitable fixation device) upwardly through a recessed port  166  in the sole  103  and, in the illustrated embodiment, tightening the screw  310  into a threaded opening of the shaft sleeve  302 , thereby securing the golf club head to the shaft sleeve  302 . A screw capturing device, such as in the form of an O-ring or washer  312 , can be placed on the shaft of the screw  310  to retain the screw in place within the golf club head when the screw is loosened to permit removal of the shaft from the golf club head. 
     The recessed port  166  extends from the bottom portion of the golf club head into the interior of the outer shell toward the top portion of the golf club head  200  at the location of hosel  162 , as seen in  FIGS.  12  and  13   . In the embodiment shown in  FIG.  2 A , the mouth of the recessed port  166  in the sole  103  is generally trapezoidal-shaped, although the shape and size of the recessed port  166  may be different in alternative embodiments. 
     The shaft sleeve  302  has a lower portion  306  including splines that mate with mating splines of the hosel insert  164 , an intermediate portion  308  and an upper head portion  314 . The intermediate portion  308  and the upper head portion  314  define an internal bore  316  for receiving the tip end portion of the shaft  300 . In the illustrated embodiment, the intermediate portion  308  of the shaft sleeve has a cylindrical external surface that is concentric with the inner cylindrical surface of the hosel bore  163 . As described in more detail in U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. 2010/0197424, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, inserting the shaft sleeve  302  at different angular positions relative to the hosel insert  164  is effective to adjust the shaft loft and/or the lie angle. For example, the loft angle may be increased or decreased by various degrees, depending on the angular position, such as +/−1.5 degrees, +/−2.0 degrees, or +/−2.5 degrees. Other loft angle adjustments are also possible. In some instances, the hosel insert may be externally attached to the hosel or integrally formed with an external portion of the hosel such that the shaft sleeve and/or an outer sleeve on the shaft sleeve may engage/interlock with the an external portion of the hosel. The external portion of the hosel that engages the shaft sleeve and/or an outer sleeve on the shaft sleeve may have castellated surfaces that correspond and are configured to mate with castellated surfaces on the shaft sleeve and/or an outer sleeve attached to the shaft sleeve. The outer sleeve attached to the shaft sleeve would be rotatable around an axis of the shaft sleeve and provide more incremental adjustment. In some instances, the outer sleeve would have castellated surfaces on an upper portion that correspond and are configured to mate with castellated surfaces on the shaft sleeve and the outer sleeve would have castellated surfaces on a lower portion that correspond and are configured to mate with castellated surfaces on the hosel. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,997,997, the entire contents of which is incorporated in its entirety by reference herein. 
     In the embodiment shown, because the intermediate portion  308  is concentric with the hosel bore  163 , the outer surface of the intermediate portion  308  can contact the adjacent surface of the hosel bore  163 , as depicted in  FIG.  13   . This allows easier alignment of the mating features of the assembly during installation of the shaft and further improves the manufacturing process and efficiency. 
     In certain embodiments, the golf club head may be attached to the shaft via a removable head-shaft connection assembly as described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 8,303,431, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. Further in certain embodiments, the golf club head may also incorporate features that provide the golf club heads and/or golf clubs with the ability not only to replaceably connect the shaft to the head but also to adjust the loft and/or the lie angle of the club by employing a removable head-shaft connection assembly. Such an adjustable lie/loft connection assembly is described in more detail in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,25,587; 8,235,831; 8,337,319; 8,758,153; 8,398,503; 8,876,622; 8,496,541; and 9,033,821, the entire contents of which are incorporated in their entirety by reference herein. 
     Additional Embodiments and Features 
       FIGS.  14 - 15    illustrate another exemplary golf club head  400  that embodies certain inventive technologies disclosed herein. The golf club head  400  is similar to golf club head,  100 . In golf club head  400 , weight channel  430  may contain features similar to weight channel  130 , and may be formed as a curved arc extending in a generally heel-toe direction. Weight channel  430  may comprise a lower channel surface  431  that may be substantially parallel to, or as illustrated, slightly angled away from a sole  403  of the golf club head, so that the weight channel  430  may be deeper at a forward edge  432  than it is at the rearward edge  434 . Within lower channel surface  431  are positioned several fastener ports  452 . Each of the fastener port may be configured to receive a fastener  450 . As such, fastener ports  452  may be threaded so that one or more fasteners  450  secured therein can be loosened or tightened either to allow movement of, or to secure in position a weight member  440 , as further described herein. The fastener may comprise a head  451  with which a tool (not shown) may be used to tighten or loosen the fastener  450 , and a fastener body  453  that may, e.g., be threaded to interact with corresponding threads on the fastener port  452  to facilitate tightening or loosening the fastener  450 . The fastener port  452  can have any of a number of various configurations to receive and/or retain any of a number of fasteners, which may comprise simple threaded fasteners, as described above, or any of the fastener types described in the incorporated patents and/or applications. As illustrated in  FIG.  15   , fastener port  452  may be angled diagonally so that the head  451  of fastener  450  is angled away from the front end  404  of the golf club head, and the fastener port  452  is forward of the head  451  of the fastener. 
     Similar to weight channel  130 , weight channel  430  is configured to define a path  437  for and to at least partially contain adjustable weight member  440  that is both configured to translate along the path  437  and sized to be slidably retained, or at least partially retained, within the footprint of the weight channel  430  by fastener  450 . Fastener  450  may be removable, and may comprise a screw, bolt, or other suitable device for fastening as described herein and in the incorporated applications. Fastener may be moved between or among the fastener ports  452  to further adjust mass properties of the golf club head  400 . Fastener  450  may extend through an elongated weight slot  454  passing through the body of the weight member  440 . Weight slot  454  may extend through weight member  440  from a lower surface  441  of the weight member that is substantially parallel to the sole  403 —and may serve as an additional ground contact point when the golf club head is soled—through an upper surface  445  of the weight member that is positioned against the lower channel surface  431  of the weight channel and into a fastener port  452  in the weight channel  430 . The weight member  440  is positioned within the weight channel  430  and may have a greater height at a forward side  442  than at a rearward side  444 , and may taper down from the forward side  442  to the rearward side  444 . In particular cases, the weight member  440  may be configured so that the center of mass is positioned closer to the forward side  442  than to the rearward side  444 . In the illustrated example, this is aided by the fact that the weight slot  454  and fastener  450  are positioned at the rearward side  444  of the weight member, such that the rearward side  444  of the weight member at least partially surrounds weight slot  454 . The weight slot may further comprise an interior fastener ledge  455  to support the head  451  of fastener  450 . In the illustrated example, this fastener ledge is coextensive with much of the rearward side  444  of the weight member  440 , and the rearward side of the weight member curves around to bound the fastener  450  at a forward edge  457 , at a heelward end  456 , and at a toeward end  458  of the weight slot  454 . In the illustrated example, the rearward edge  434  of weight channel  430  bounds the fastener  450  to the rear, and may comprise a ledge  474  (as shown in  FIG.  15   ) that protrudes up and out behind the fastener port  452  and runs parallel to the rearward edge  434  of the weight channel  430  to further support the head  451  of the fastener  450  when tightened. When tightened, the fastener  450  retains the weight member  440  in place. Once fastener  450  is loosened, the fastener is configured to remain stationary relative to the fastener port  452 , while the position of the weight member  440  may be adjusted relative to the fastener port. In the illustrated example shown in  FIG.  14   , weight member  440  may be translated laterally along the path  437  in a heelward or toeward direction to adjust, for example, golf club center of gravity movement along an x-axis (CGx), such as to control left or right tendency of a golf swing. 
       FIG.  16    illustrates another exemplary golf club head  500  that embodies certain inventive technologies disclosed herein. The golf club head  500  is similar to golf club head  100 . In golf club head  500 , weight channel  530  may contain features similar to weight channel  130 , and may be formed as a curved arc extending in a generally heel-toe direction. Within a lower channel surface  531  are positioned several fastener ports  552 . Each of the fastener port may be configured to receive a fastener  550 , or, as in the illustrated embodiment, multiple such fasteners. As such, fastener ports  552  may be threaded so that fasteners  550  can be loosened or tightened either to allow movement of, or to secure in position a weight member  540 , as further described herein. The fasteners may each comprise a head  551  with which a tool (not shown) may be used to tighten or loosen the fastener, and a fastener body (not shown) that may, e.g., be threaded to interact with corresponding threads on the fastener port  552  to facilitate tightening or loosening the fasteners  550 . The fastener port  552  can have any of a number of various configurations to receive and/or retain any of a number of fasteners, which may comprise simple threaded fasteners, as described above, or any of the fastener types described in the incorporated patents and/or applications. Similar to weight channel  130 , weight channel  530  is configured to define a path  537  for and to at least partially contain adjustable weight member  540  that is both configured to translate along the path  537  and sized to be slidably retained, or at least partially retained, within the footprint of the weight channel  530  by fastener  550 . Fasteners  550  may be removable, and may comprise screws, bolts, or other suitable devices for fastening as described herein and in the incorporated applications. Fasteners may be moved between or among the fastener ports  552  to further adjust mass properties of the golf club head  500 . Fasteners  550  may extend through an elongated weight slot  554  passing through the body of the weight member  540 . Weight slot  554  may extend through weight member  540  from a lower surface  541  of the weight member that is substantially parallel to the sole  503 —and may serve as an additional ground contact point when the golf club head is soled—through an upper surface of the weight member (not shown) that is positioned against the lower channel surface  531  of the weight channel and into a fastener port  552  in the weight channel  530 . The weight slot may further comprise an interior fastener ledge  555  to support the head  551  of fastener  550 . When tightened, fasteners  550  retain the weight member  540  in place. When fasteners  550  are loosened, the fasteners may be configured to remain stationary relative to their respective fastener ports  552 , while the position of the weight member  540  may be adjusted. In the illustrated example, weight member  540  may be translated laterally along the path  537  in a heelward or toeward direction to adjust, for example, golf club center of gravity movement along an x-axis (CGx), such as to control left or right tendency of a golf swing. 
       FIG.  17    illustrates another exemplary golf club head  600  that embodies certain inventive technologies disclosed herein. The golf club head  600  is similar to golf club head,  100 , though one difference is that in golf club head  600 , weight channel  630  is positioned within a raised sole portion  660  at the rear end  610  of the golf club head  600 , and curves forward at the ends towards the front end  604  of the golf club head. Weight channel  630  and weight member  640  may contain features similar to weight channel  130  and weight member  140 . In the illustrated example, however, weight channel extends around the rear end  610  of the golf club head  600 , from a position around a periphery of the golf club head situated on the toe side  608  to a position on the heel side  606 . Weight channel  630  may comprise a lower channel surface  631  that may be substantially parallel to or slightly angled away from a sole  603  of the golf club head, and may be coextensive, raised up from, or lowered from a raised sole portion  660  at the rear end  610  of the golf club head. Additionally, the weight channel  630  may extend around an entire length of the raised sole portion  660 , as illustrated, or may in some embodiments comprise only a portion of a length of the raised sole portion  660 . Within lower channel surface  631  is positioned at least one fastener port (not shown)—which may be similar to the fastener ports described herein and in the incorporated patents and/or applications—that may be configured to receive a fastener  650 . The fastener may comprise a head  651  with which a tool (not shown) may be used to tighten or loosen the fastener, and a fastener body (not shown) that may, e.g., be threaded to interact with corresponding threads on the fastener port to facilitate tightening or loosening the fastener  650 . 
     Similar to weight channel  130 , weight channel  630  is configured to define a path  637  for and to at least partially contain adjustable weight member  640  that is both configured to translate along the path  637  and sized to be slidably retained, or at least partially retained, within the footprint of the weight channel  630  by fastener  650 . The path  637  may run the length of the weight channel  630 , or may, in some embodiments, comprise only a portion of the weight channel  630 . Fastener  650  may be removable, and may comprise a screw, bolt, or other suitable device for fastening as described herein and in the incorporated applications. Fastener  650  may extend through an elongated weight slot  654  passing through the body of the weight member  640 . Weight slot  654  may extend through weight member  640  from a lower surface  641  of the weight member that is substantially parallel to the sole  603 —and may serve as an additional ground contact point when the golf club head is soled—through an upper surface of the weight member (not shown) that is positioned against the lower channel surface  631  of the weight channel and into the fastener port in the weight channel  630 . The weight slot may further comprise an interior fastener ledge (not shown) to support the head  651  of fastener  650 . The weight member may have additional discretionary mass positioned proximate to its ends, such as within a first discretionary mass portion positioned at a heelward end  646  and a second discretionary mass portion positioned at a toeward end  648 . The weight slot may further comprise an interior fastener ledge (not shown) to support the head  651  of fastener  650 . Alternatively, the lower surface  641  of the portion of weight member  640  containing the weight slot may be slightly recessed between heelward end  646  and toeward end  648  so that the head  651  of the fastener  650  is lower than, or no higher than, or substantially similar in height to the remainder of the lower surface  641  of the weight member, as described further herein. When tightened, the fastener  650  retains the weight member  640  in place. When fastener  650  is loosened, the fastener may be configured to remain stationary relative to the fastener port  652 , while the position of the weight member  640  may be adjusted. In the illustrated example, weight member  640  may be translated laterally along the path  637  in a heelward or toeward direction to adjust, for example, golf club center of gravity movement along an x-axis (CGx), such as to control left or right tendency of a golf swing. 
     Weight member  640  may have a mass that is between 10 to 50 grams, or in some particular instances, a mass that is above 10 grams, or a mass that is below 40 grams, or a mass in the range of 12 to 38 grams. 
       FIG.  18    illustrates another exemplary golf club head  700  that embodies certain inventive technologies disclosed herein. The golf club head  700  is similar to golf club head,  100 , though one difference is that in golf club head  700 , weight channel  730  is positioned within a raised sole portion  760  at the rear end  710  of the golf club head  700 , and curves forward at the ends towards the front end  704  of the golf club head. Weight channel  730  and weight member  740  may contain features similar to weight channel  130  and weight member  140 . In the illustrated example, however, weight channel extends around the rear end  710  of the golf club head  700 , from a position around a periphery of the golf club head situated on the toe side  708  to a position on the heel side  706 . Weight channel  730  may comprise a lower channel surface  731  that may be substantially parallel to or slightly angled away from a sole  703  of the golf club head, and may be coextensive, raised up from, or lowered from a raised sole portion  760  at the rear end  710  of the golf club head. Additionally, in the illustrated embodiment, the weight channel  730  comprises only a portion of a length of the raised sole portion  760 . Raised sole portion  760  further comprises external ribs  792  that may be integrally formed with the body  702  of the golf club head  700 . 
     Within lower channel surface  731  is positioned at least one fastener port (not shown)—which may be similar to the fastener ports described herein and in the incorporated patents and/or applications—that may be configured to receive a fastener  750 . The fastener may comprise a head  751  with which a tool (not shown) may be used to tighten or loosen the fastener, and a fastener body (not shown) that may, e.g., be threaded to interact with corresponding threads on the fastener port to facilitate tightening or loosening the fastener  750 . 
     Similar to weight channel  130 , weight channel  730  is configured to define a path  737  for and to at least partially contain adjustable weight member  740  that is both configured to translate along the path  737  and sized to be slidably retained, or at least partially retained, within the footprint of the weight channel  730  by fastener  750 . In the illustrated embodiment, the path  737  may run the length of the weight channel  730 , or may, in some embodiments, comprise only a portion of the weight channel  730 . Fastener  750  may be removable, and may comprise a screw, bolt, or other suitable device for fastening as described herein and in the incorporated patents and applications. Fastener  750  may extend through an elongated weight slot  754  passing through the body of the weight member  740 . Weight slot  754  may extend through weight member  740  from a lower surface  741  of the weight member that is substantially parallel to the sole  703 —and may serve as an additional ground contact point when the golf club head is soled—through an upper surface of the weight member (not shown) that is positioned against the lower channel surface  731  of the weight channel and into the fastener port in the weight channel  730 . The weight member may have additional discretionary mass positioned proximate to its ends, such as within a first discretionary mass portion positioned at a heelward end  746  and a second discretionary mass portion positioned at a toeward end  748 . The weight slot may further comprise an interior fastener ledge (not shown) to support the head  751  of fastener  750 . Alternatively, the portion of the lower surface  641  of the portion of weight member  740  containing the weight slot may be slightly recessed between heelward end  746  and toeward end  748  so that the head  751  of fastener  750  is lower than, or no higher than, or substantially similar in height to the remainder of the lower surface  741  of the weight member, as described further herein. When tightened, the fastener  750  retains the weight member  740  in place. When fastener  750  is loosened, the fastener may be configured to remain stationary relative to the fastener port  752 , while the position of the weight member  740  may be adjusted. In the illustrated example, weight member  740  may be translated laterally along the path  737  in a heelward or toeward direction to adjust, for example, golf club center of gravity movement along an x-axis (CGx), such as to control left or right tendency of a golf swing. 
     Weight member  740  may have a mass that is between 10 to 50 grams, or in some particular instances, a mass that is above 10 grams, or a mass that is below 40 grams, or a mass in the range of 12 to 38 grams.  FIGS.  19 - 22    illustrate exemplary weight members that may be used with the golf clubs head disclosed herein. 
       FIGS.  19  and  20    illustrate a weight member  800  having a curved shape, similar to weight member  740 , above. Weight member  800  has a middle portion  840  that contains a curved weight slot  854 . Weight slot  754  may extend through weight member  800  from a lower surface  841  of the weight member that is configured to be substantially parallel to a sole of a golf club head and to serve as an additional ground contact point when the golf club head is soled—through an upper surface  845  of the weight member  800  that is configured to be positioned against the body of the golf club head, such as a weight channel or raised sole portion, as described herein. The weight member may have additional discretionary mass positioned proximate to its ends, such as within a first discretionary mass portion positioned at a first end portion  846  (such as a heelward end portion) and a second discretionary mass portion positioned at a second end portion  848  (such as a toeward end portion). The weight slot may further comprise an interior fastener ledge (not shown) to support a fastener head. Additionally or alternatively, as illustrated in  FIG.  20   , the lower surface  841  of the middle portion  840  may be slightly recessed up between the first end portion  846  and the second end portion  848  so that the head of a fastener inserted through the weight member  800  is lower than, or no higher than, or substantially similar in height to the lower surface  841  of the weight member at the first end portion  846  and the second end portion  848 . 
     In some embodiments, the weight member  800  may be formed from a single piece of material, such as by casting, injection molding, machining, or other suitable methods, with first end portion  846  and the second end portion  848  formed to have a greater thickness than the middle portion  840 . In other embodiments, additional material, such as additional layers of material, or additional discretionary mass elements may be added to the first end portion  846  and/or the second end portion  848  to add additional mass to the ends. In particular embodiments, this may be achieved by welding an additional thickness of mass to the weight member  800  at one or both of the ends. It is to be understood, however, that additional mass could be added by other methods, such as bolting, adhering, or braising additional mass, or by introducing removable discretionary mass elements, such as described herein. 
     In some embodiments, weight member  800  may be formed of a first material, such as titanium. In other embodiments, steel, tungsten or another suitable material or combination of materials may be used. In particular embodiments, higher density materials may be used in certain portions of the weight member  800  to add additional mass, such as, e.g., at first end portion  846  and/or second end portion  848 . For example, steel or tungsten or other suitable higher density materials could be used at first end portion  846  and the second end portion  848  to add additional discretionary mass to the ends of the weight member  800  relative to the middle portion  840 , or additional higher density elements, e.g., plates, could be added at first end portion  846  and/or second end portion  848  to add additional discretionary mass. 
     “Split mass” configurations such as those described herein potentially allow for several high MOI positions and allow greater weight to be moved to the outside of the club head while minimizing the overall weight added to the club head. Additionally, providing the added weight along the perimeter of the golf club may have additional benefits for maximizing MOI. And, providing a curved shape weight member, combined with a split mass configuration as described herein also may provide for additional mass to be positioned more forward than in a configuration without a split mass configuration, which provides improved CG projection. Additionally, providing the slidable rear weight as illustrated in  FIGS.  17 - 22    provides the potential for improved CGx movement (which may permit movement to affect, e.g., left/right draw/fade bias), while minimizing CGz movement, and potentially reducing CGy movement versus other traditional weight systems. This may improve overall MOI throughout the range of movement. 
       FIG.  21    illustrates another weight member assembly  900 , which comprises a weight member  940  that may be similar to weight member  800 , or may alternatively be a linear weight member. Positioned at opposite ends of the weight member  940  are fastener ports  952 , such as those described herein and/or in the incorporated patents and applications, which may be configured to receive a fastener  950 . The fasteners may be individual movable weights ranging from 1 to 20 grams. The fasteners may have the same mass, or may be different masses. A weight kit may be provided containing weights of varying mass that a user can optionally attach or detach to 900 and 1000. The fasteners may be used for swing weighting to achieve the targeted swing weight and offset manufacturing tolerance and custom length clubs. Or, the fasteners may help achieve a heavier e.g. D4 or lighter swing weight e.g. Dl. One or both of the fasteners may be formed form a higher density material than the central region of the weight member  940 . In some instances, one or both of the fasteners may be formed of the same material as the central region of the weight member  940 . The central region may be formed from a material having a density between 9-20 g/cc (e.g. Tungsten and Tungsten alloys), 7-9 g/cc (e.g. steel and steel alloys), 4-5 g/cc (e.g. Ti and Ti alloys), 2-3 g/cc (e.g. Al and Al alloys), or 1-2 g/cc (e.g. Plastic, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoset), or other suitable materials. 
     The fastener may comprise a head  951  with which a tool (not shown) may be used to tighten or loosen the fastener, and a fastener body  953  that may, e.g., be threaded to interact with corresponding threads on the fastener port  952  to facilitate tightening or loosening the fastener  950 . Further, fastener  950  is configured to retain a discretionary mass element between the lower surface  941  of the weight member  940  and the head of the fastener  950 , such as first discretionary mass element  946  positioned at a first end (such as a heelward end) of the weight member  940  and second discretionary mass element  948  positioned at a second end (such as a toeward end) of the weight member  940 . Discretionary mass elements  946  and  948  may further contain internal apertures, portions of which may be threaded to interact with threads on the fastener body  953  and other portions which may or may not be threaded and are configured to retain some or all of the fastener head  951 . 
     In some embodiments, weight member  900  may be formed of a first material, such as titanium. In other embodiments, steel, tungsten or another suitable material or combination of materials may be used. In particular embodiments, higher density materials may be used in certain portions of the weight member  900  to add additional mass. For example, steel or tungsten or other suitable higher density materials could be used, e.g., in discretionary mass elements  946  and  948  or in fasteners  950  to add additional discretionary mass to the ends of the weight member  900 . 
       FIG.  22    illustrates another weight member assembly  1000 , which comprises a weight member  1040  that may be similar to weight member  800 , or may alternatively be a linear weight member. Positioned at opposite ends of the weight member  1040  are fastener ports  1052 , such as those described herein and/or in the incorporated patents and applications, which may be positioned in the lower surface  1041  of the weight member  1000 , and configured to receive a fastener  1050 . The fastener may comprise a head  1051  with which a tool (not shown) may be used to tighten or loosen the fastener, and a fastener body  1053  that may, e.g., be threaded to interact with corresponding threads on the fastener ports  1052  to facilitate tightening or loosening the fastener  1050 . Fastener  1050  may itself comprise a discretionary mass, as described in the incorporated patents and/or applications, which discretionary mass may be removed and replaced with a heavier or lighter discretionary mass to adjust mass properties of a golf club head, as desired. Portions of fastener port  1052  may be threaded to interact with threads on the fastener body  1053  and other portions may not be threaded and may be configured to retain some or all of the fastener head  1051 . 
     In some embodiments, weight member  1000  may be formed of a first material, such as titanium. In other embodiments, steel, tungsten or another suitable material or combination of materials may be used. In particular embodiments, higher density materials may be used in certain portions of the weight member  1000  to add additional mass. For example, steel or tungsten or other suitable higher density materials could be used, e.g., in fasteners  1050  or for forming them in or adhering them to the ends of the weight member, such as in the manner further described above and in the incorporated patents and applications, to add additional discretionary mass to the ends of the weight member  1000 . 
       FIGS.  23 A and  23 B  illustrate another exemplary golf club head  1100  that embodies certain inventive technologies disclosed herein. The golf club head  1100  is similar to golf club head,  100 . In golf club head  1100 , weight channel  1130  may contain features similar to weight channel  130 , and may be formed as a curved arc extending in a generally heel-toe direction. Weight channel  1130  may comprise a lower channel surface  1131  that may be substantially parallel to, or as illustrated, slightly angled away from a sole  1103  of the golf club head, so that the weight channel  1130  may be deeper at a forward edge  1132  than it is at a rearward edge  1134 . 
     Similar to weight channel  130 , weight channel  1130  is configured to define a path  1137  for and to at least partially contain adjustable weight member  1140  that is both configured to translate along the path  1137  and sized to be slidably retained, or at least partially retained, within the footprint of the weight channel  1130  by fastener assembly  1160 . Unlike the previous examples, which relied on fasteners passing through at least a portion of the weight member, golf club head  1100  comprises a fastener assembly  1160  comprising a fastener tab  1165  that may extend from a rear ground contact surface  1118  proximate to the rear end  1110  of the golf club head to a weight overhang or ledge  1174  that may at least partially cover the weight member  1140 , such as its rearward side  1144 , as best illustrated in  FIG.  23 B . Within fastener tab  1165  is positioned one or more fastener ports  1152  (one such port is provided in the illustrated example). Fastener port  1152  may be configured to receive a removable fastener  1150 , such as a bolt or screw, or one of the other suitable fasteners described herein or in the incorporated patents and applications. As such, fastener port  1152  may be threaded so that a removable fastener  1150  secured therein can be loosened or tightened either to allow movement of, or to secure weight member  1140  in position, as further described herein. The fastener may comprise a head  1151  with which a tool (not shown) may be used to tighten or loosen the removable fastener  1150 , and a fastener body  1153  that may, e.g., be threaded to interact with corresponding threads on the fastener port  1152  to facilitate tightening or loosening the removable fastener  1150 . The fastener port  1152  can have any of a number of various configurations to receive and/or retain any of a number of fasteners, which may comprise simple threaded fasteners, as described above, or any of the fastener types described in the incorporated patents and/or applications. The fastener port may further comprise an interior fastener port ledge  1155  to support the head  1151  of fastener  1150 , which may be at least partially recessed within the fastener port  1152 , and which in the illustrated example is substantially parallel to rear ground contact surface  1118 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  23 B , fastener port  1152  is positioned entirely outside of the weight channel  1130  and extends from the sole  1103  into the body of the golf club head  1100 . In some embodiments, the fastener port  1152  may extend into an interior cavity  1122  of the golf club head  1100 . Additionally, the weight member may have a greater height at the forward side  1142  than at the rearward side  1144 , and may taper down from the forward side  1142  to the rearward side  1144 . In particular cases, the weight member  1140  may be configured so that the center of mass is positioned closer to the forward side  1142  than to the rearward side  1144 . Additionally, an upper surface  1145  of the weight member may extend further rearward than a lower surface  1141  of the weight member, with a rearward side  1144  of the weight member  1140  sloping up in a rearward direction from the sole  1103 , permitting at least a portion of the rearward side  1144  of the weight member to engage the ledge  1174  on the fastener tab  1165 . Ledge  1174  may itself be angled so that a lower portion nearest the sole  1103  extends further forward than an upper portion positioned nearer the lower surface  1131  of the weight channel  1130 . 
     When tightened, the removable fastener  1150  presses down on fastener tab  1165  so that the ledge  1174  retains the weight member  1140  in place. Once removable fastener  1150  is loosened, the fastener is configured to remain stationary relative to the fastener port  1152 , while the position of the weight member  1140  may be adjusted relative to the fastener port. In the illustrated example shown in  FIG.  23 A , weight member  1140  may be translated laterally along the path  1137  in a generally heelward or toeward direction to adjust, for example, golf club center of gravity movement along an x-axis (CGx), such as to control left or right tendency of a golf swing. One advantage of the golf club head  1100  shown in this example is that in moving the removable fastener  1150  outside of the weight channel  1130 , the weight member  1140  need not be specially engineered to contain a slot passing through the weight member  1140  to receive the removable fastener  1150 . This example may also provide a more consistent distribution of mass throughout the weight than some other examples. 
     Further Embodiments and Features 
       FIGS.  24 - 27    illustrate another exemplary golf club head  1200  that embodies the inventive technologies disclosed herein. The golf club head  1200  is similar to other golf club heads discussed herein. The golf club head  1200  includes a body  1202  defining an interior cavity  1222  (depicted in  FIG.  25   ), a sole  1203  defining a bottom portion of the golf club head  1200 , a crown  1209  (depicted in  FIG.  25   ) defining a top portion of the golf club head, a face  1211  (depicted in  FIG.  25   ) defining a forward portion of the golf club head, a rearward portion of the golf club head opposite the face  1211 , and a hosel  1262 . The hosel  1262  can include a shaft connection assembly configured to selectively adjust a loft and/or a lie-angle of the of the golf club  1200 . 
     The golf club head  1200  includes a weight channel  1230  that may contain features similar to weight channel  130 , however weight channel  1230  may be formed as a path  1237  extending in a generally front-back direction. In some instances, the weight channel  1230  and therefore the path may be angled relative to a vertical x-z plane intersecting the center of the face see for example FIG. 56B of U.S. Pat. No. 10,537,773 describing an angled sliding weight track that may be angled relative to a vertical plane intersecting the center of the face and angled between about 0 degrees and about 180 degrees, such as between about 67 degrees and about 85 degrees, such as between about 20 degrees and about 160 degrees, such as between about 40 degrees and about 140 degrees, such as between about 60 degrees and about 120 degrees, such as between about 70 degrees and about 110 degrees. The entire contents of U.S. Pat. No. 10,537,773 are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. The weight channel  1230  is configured to define a path  1237  for and to at least partially contain adjustable weight member  1240  that is both configured to translate along the path  1237  and sized to be slidably retained, or at least partially retained, within the footprint of the weight channel  1230  by fastener  1250 . 
     The weight member  1240  is configured to move independent of a fastener  1250  and the location of the fastener port  1252 . The fastener  1250  may be fixed at a single location or a series of locations. By fixing the fastener  1250  at a single location, the weight member  1240  is movable/adjustable independent of the fastener location. Having the fastener secured in a single or series of locations can save weight over typical infrastructure required for a sliding weight system. For example, ledges are not required for clamping or compressing against the weight member  1240 . The present embodiments of a sliding weight member  1240  also does not leave undesirable gaps between the weight member  1240  and the body  1202  because the weight member  1240  is moved to different positions. These undesirable gaps could trap air, dirt, or debris, any of which could negatively impact club head speed and ground interaction. These undesirable gaps could also create an undesirable whistling sound that a user may not want to hear during a swing, distracting the user and negatively impacting performance of the club head. 
     The weight member  1240  can be adjusted by repositioning the weight member  1240  within the weight channel  1230 . In some embodiments, the weight member  1240  has three or more positions, such as three or more predefined or undefined positions within the weight channel  1230 . In some embodiments, the weight member  1240  can be positioned at any location along the weight channel  1230 , such as in a continuous path of positions along the weight channel  1230 . For example, in a first, forward position (depicted in  FIGS.  24 - 25   ), between about 5% and about 80% of the weight member  1240  is covered by the body  1202 , preferably between 10% and 50%. In a second, rearward position (depicted in  FIGS.  26 - 27   ), between 0% and 50% of the weight member  1240  is covered by the body  1202 , preferably between 0% and 25%. In a third, middle position (not depicted), between about 2.5% and about 65%, preferably between 5% and 40%. The weight member  1240  can be adjusted into additional and different positions along the path  1237  of the weight channel  1230 . 
     In some embodiments, the weight member  1240  is configured to increase a water-displaced volume of the golf club head  1200  when the weight member  1240  is adjusted from a first, forward position in the weight channel  1230  to a second, rearward position in the weight channel  1230 . For example, when the weight member  1240  is in the first, forward position (depicted in  FIGS.  24 - 25   ), at least a portion of the weight member  1240  is covered by the body  1202 , such as by the weight member  1240  occupying a weight cavity  1295  (depicted in  FIG.  25   ) inside the body  1202 . When the weight member  1240  is in the second, rearward position (depicted in  FIGS.  26 - 27   ), a smaller portion of the weight member  1240 , or no portion of the weight member  1240 , is covered by the body  1202 , such as by the weight member  1240  unoccupying at least a portion of the weight cavity  1295  (depicted in  FIG.  27   ) inside the body  1202 . By sliding the weight member  1240  rearward and outward from the weight cavity  1295 , the water-displaced volume of the golf club head  1200  can increase, such as by the volume of the uncovered portion of the weight member  1240  extending outside of the weight cavity  1295 . In some instances, adjusting the weight member  1240  can increase the club head volume by at least 2 cc and no more than 15 cc, preferably between 2.5 cc and 12 cc, more preferably between 1.5 cc and 9 cc. 
     The club head  1200  is provided as a wood-type club head having a volume, typically measured in cubic-centimeters (cc), equal to the volumetric displacement of the club head, assuming any concavities are sealed by a substantially planar surface. (See United States Golf Association “Procedure for Measuring the Club Head Size of Wood Clubs,” Revision 2.1, Apr. 9, 2019) (the “USGA Procedure”). According to the USGA Procedure, prior to measuring the club head volume, significant concavities on the sole are filled with a waterproof clay or equivalent material. Multiple concavities on the sole are considered significant if the collective volume of all concavities on the sole is greater than 15 cc. Although the golf club head  1200  is depicted as a fairway wood with a volume between 120 cc and 300 cc and a mass between 115 g and 260 g, the golf club head  1200  can also be provided as any wood-type golf club head, including a driver with a volume between 300 cc and 500 cc and a mass between 145 g and 260 g, or a utility or hybrid club with a volume between 80 cc and 140 cc and a mass between 105 g and 280 g. 
     For example, the golf club head  1200  can be a driver with a water-displaced volume between about 400 cc and about 470 cc, preferably 460±10 cc. For example, when the weight member  1240  is in the first, forward position (depicted in  FIGS.  24 - 25   ), a collective concavity volume of the weight channel  1230  and all other concavities on the sole (e.g., recessed port  1266 , heelward concavity  1296 , and toeward concavity  1297 ) are no more than 15 cc. By keeping sole concavities below 15 cc, an address area (e.g., surface area of the golf club head  1200  visible to the golfer at address) can be increased, giving greater confidence to the golf at address. 
       FIGS.  24 - 25    illustrate the golf club head  1200  with the weight member  1240  positioned in a in a first, forward position along the path  1237  along the weight channel  1230 . The weight member  1240  may be translated along the path  1237  in a forward or rearward direction to adjust, for example, golf club center of gravity movement along a y-axis (CG y ), such as to increase or decrease spin, dynamic loft, and moment of inertia (MOI), and to otherwise modify launch conditions of the club head  1200 . For example, the weight member  1240  can be configured to adjust CG y  by between about 1 mm and about 15 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 10 mm, more preferably between 6 mm and 9 mm, even more preferably between 4 mm and 8 mm. In some embodiments, a change in CGy from a first position is at least 3 mm, more preferably at least 4 mm. The CGy movement generally corresponds to overall weight movement of no more than 31 mm from a first position to a second position, preferably no more than 26 mm, more preferably no more than 21 mm. 
     The weight member  1240  and/or the weight channel  1230  can be curved from front to back direction along the path  1237 , such as in a convex path along the sole  1203 . The weight member  1240  and/or the weight channel  1230  can also be curved laterally, such as in a convex curve in a heel to toe direction. In some embodiments, a lower surface of the weight member  1240  is substantially shaped to match the contours of the sole  1203 , such as to provide better turf interaction and contributing to the “bounce” of sole  1203 . For example, a forward edge  1298  (depicted in  FIG.  25   ) of the weight channel  1230  can be closed, such as to prevent undesirable turf interaction and to reduce any dig of the sole  1203  through impact. The weight channel  1230  can be closed to the interior cavity  1222 , such as to prevent water, dirt, and other debris from entering the interior cavity  122 . The weight member  1240  can be shaped to substantially match the weight cavity  1295 , such as to reduce, minimize, or prevent water, dirt, and other debris from entering the weight cavity  1295 . 
     One or more fasteners  1250  can be configured to pass through at least a portion of the weight member  1240 . The one or more fasteners  1250  can be threaded into a portion of the body  1202  to secure the weight member  1240 . For example, one or more fastener ports  1252  (one such port is provided in the illustrated example) are configured to receive the fastener. For example, the fastener port  1252  may be configured to receive a fastener  1250 , such as a removable bolt or screw, or one of the other suitable fasteners described herein or in the incorporated patents and applications. As such, fastener port  1252  may be threaded so that a removable fastener  1250  secured therein can be loosened or tightened either to allow movement of, or to secure weight member  1240  in position, as described herein. The fastener port  1252  can be positioned entirely outside of the weight channel  1230  and can extend from the sole  1203  into the body of the golf club head  1200 . In some embodiments, the fastener port  1252  may extend into an interior cavity  1222  of the golf club head  1200 . In some embodiments, the fastener port  1252  may extend into at least a portion of the weight channel  1230  of the golf club head  1200 . In some embodiments, at least a portion of the weight member  1240  is covered by a removable cover (not depicted) affixed to the body. In some embodiments, the removable cover is affixed over the fastener  1250 . In some embodiments, the removable cover is affixed to the body using the fastener  1250 . 
     The fastener  1250  may extend through an elongated weight slot  1254  passing through the body of the weight member  1240 . The weight slot  1254  may extend through weight member  1240  from a lower surface  1241  of the weight member that is substantially parallel to the sole  1203 —and may serve as an additional ground contact point when the golf club head is soled—through an upper surface  1245  (depicted in  FIG.  25   ) of the weight member that is positioned against the lower channel surface  1231  of the weight channel and into a fastener port  1252  in the weight channel  1230 . The weight slot  1254  can be shaped to receive at least a portion of the fastener  1250 . In some embodiments, when tightened, the fastener  1250  can sit flush with the lower surface  1241  of the weight member. In some embodiments, when tightened, the fastener  1250  can be countersunk below the lower surface  1241  of the weight member. When tightened, the fastener  1250  retains the weight member  1240  in place. Once the fastener  1250  is loosened, the fastener  1250  is configured to remain stationary relative to the fastener port  1252 , while the position of the weight member  1240  may be adjusted relative to the fastener port. 
     The club head  1200  can include a front channel  1214  formed in the sole  1203 , as discussed herein regarding club head  100 . The front channel  1214  extends in a toe-heel direction across the sole  1203 , with a heelward end near the hosel  1262  and an opposite toeward end. The front channel  1214  can extend into the interior of the club head  1200  and is positioned forward of the weight member  1240 , weight channel  1230 , weight cavity  1295 , and fastener  1250 . 
     The weight member  1240  is formed from a higher density material than other portions of the body  1202 . In some embodiments, at least a portion of the body  1202  is formed from a first material, such as a steel or titanium alloy, and the weight member  1240  is formed from a second material, such as a tungsten alloy or steel. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the crown  1209  is formed from a first material, such as a titanium alloy, steel, or a composite material, and the weight member  1240  is formed from a second material, such as a tungsten alloy or steel. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the crown  1209  is formed from a first material, such as a composite material, and the body  1202  is formed from a second material, such as a titanium alloy or steel. For example, the composite crown can be affixed or affixed to a titanium body, frame, or shell. In an example, the body is cast without the crown, and a composite crown is affixed or bonded to the cast body. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the face  1211  is formed from a first material, such as a titanium alloy, steel or a composite material, and the weight member  1240  is formed from a second material, such as a tungsten alloy or steel. 
     In some embodiments, the weight member  1240  is formed from a steel alloy, a tungsten alloy, or another alloy and is between about 5.5 g/cc and about 20 g/cc, preferably between about 7.5 g/cc and about 14 g/cc, the crown  1209  is between about 1 g/cc and about 5 g/cc, preferably between 1 g/cc and 2 g/cc, and the body  1202  is between about 4 g/cc and about 8 g/cc. In some embodiments, the weight member  1240  can form between about 15% and about 35% of the total mass/weight of the club head  1200 , preferably about 25% of total mass/weight. In some embodiments, the weight member  1240  can form between about 5% and about 40% of the total material volume of the body  1202 , preferably between about 7% and 36% of total material volume, even more preferably between about 10% and 29%. 
     In some embodiments, the face  1211  is face plate is welded, bonded, or otherwise affixed to the body  1202 . For example, the face plate can be formed from steel or a titanium alloy, such as C300 alloy steel, 4140 steel, 17-4 PH SS, 431 SS, 450 SS, ZA 1300 Ti, 9-1-1 Ti, or another alloy. In some embodiments, the face plate is machined before or after the face plate is welded to the body  1202 . For example, the face plate can be machined on a lathe or milled to provide localized stiffened regions, variable thickness regions, or inverted cone technology (ICT) regions (also referred to as a “donut”) located on the face plate at a location that surrounds or that is adjacent to the ideal striking location of the striking face. In some embodiments, the face  1211  is cast with the body  1202 , such as providing for a unitary cast body  1202  with the face  1211 . For example, the face plate can be milled after casting to provide an asymmetric or non-symmetrical face thickness profile, such as opposed to a 360-degree concentric circle symmetry provided using a lathe. As such, different areas of the face can be provided with different face thicknesses, as well as milled bulge and roll, twist, score lines, and other features of the face plate. The golf club heads of this disclosure may utilize, for example, the asymmetric or non-symmetrical face thickness features described in U.S. Patent App. Pub. 2019/0046845, published Feb. 14, 2019, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In another example, a composite face plate can be bonded or otherwise affixed to the body  1202 . 
     In addition to those noted above, some examples of metals and metal alloys that can be used to form the components of the club head  1200  described include, without limitation: titanium alloys (e.g., 3-2.5, 6-4, SP700, 15-3-3-3, 10-2-3, or other alpha/near alpha, alpha-beta, and beta/near beta titanium alloys), aluminum/aluminum alloys (e.g., 3000 series alloys, 5000 series alloys, 6000 series alloys, such as 6061-T6, and 7000 series alloys, such as 7075), magnesium alloys, copper alloys, and nickel alloys. Additional and different materials can be used to form club head components. 
       FIGS.  26 - 27    illustrate the golf club head  1200  with the weight member  1240  positioned in a in a second, rearward position. As depicted, the weight member  1240  moves independently of the location of the fastener  1250 . For example, the weight member  1240  can be adjusted in conjunction with an adjustable hosel  1262  (e.g., via a shaft connection assembly configured to selectively adjust a loft and/or a lie-angle of the of the golf club  1200 ). 
     During club fitting, for example, launch conditions of the club head  1200  can be adjusted by moving the weight member  1240  and/or by adjusting the hosel  1262 . The weight member  1240  can be moved forward to decrease spin, decrease dynamic loft, and decrease MOI. With the weight member  1240  in a forward position, distance can be increased, in some cases with a tradeoff in forgiveness. The weight member  1240  can be moved backward to increase spin, increase dynamic loft and increase MOI. With the weight member  1240  in a rearward position, forgiveness can be increased, in some cases with a tradeoff in distance. The hosel  1262  can be adjusted to add loft thereby increasing spin and dynamic loft, or to decrease loft thereby decreasing spin and dynamic loft. For example, loft can be adjusted without impacting on MOI and other properties of the club head. 
     The weight member  1240  and the hosel  1262  can be adjusted concurrently to adjust spin, loft, dynamic loft, MOI, launch angle, and other launch conditions. For example, with the weight member  1240  in a forward position and the hosel  1262  adjusted to increase loft, distance can be increased by providing for a high launch with low spin. In another example, with the weight member  1240  in a rearward position and the hosel  1262  adjusted to decrease loft, forgiveness can be increased while by providing for a lower launch with more spin. Additional and different combinations of weight member  1240  positions and hosel  1262  adjustments can be provided. 
     In concurrently adjusting the weight member  1240  and the hosel  1262 , the weight member movement in mm can be multiplied by the mass of the weight member and the loft change of the hosel in degrees to provide a weight member value in mm*g*degrees. The weight member  1240  can move between about 10 mm and about 40 mm, preferably between 15 mm and 30 mm. The weight member  1240  can move a total distance that is between about 10% and about 40% of a club head length, more preferably between about 17% and about 35% of a club head length, even more preferably between about 26% and about 32% of a club head length, where the club head length is measured from a leading edge to a trailing edge substantially in a front-back direction or substantially along the y-axis. The weight member  1240  can have a mass between about 35 g and about 90 g, preferably between 50 g and 80 g. The hosel  1262  can be adjusted between about 0.5 degrees and 4 degrees. Thus, the weight member value can be between about 700 mm*g*degrees and about 10,800 mm*g*degrees, preferably between about 2,430 mm*g*degrees and about 7,500 mm*g*degrees. 
     As discussed herein, changing golf club head mass properties and launch conditions can impact distance and forgiveness of the golf club head  1200 . Moving the weight member  1240  forward and backward can adjust the MOI about the CG z-axis (Izz), the CG x-axis (Ixx), the CG z-axis (Zup), and the CG projection on the face  1211  referred to as the balance point up (BP up) of the golf club head  1200 . The Izz can be adjusted between about 185 kg*mm 2  and about 385 kg*mm 2 , preferably between 200 kg*mm 2  and 315 kg*mm 2 . The Ixx can be adjusted between about 80 kg*mm 2  and about 215 kg*mm 2 , preferably between 100 kg*mm 2  and 200 kg*mm 2 . A change in Izz from a forward-most position to a rearward-most position can provide a change in Izz that is no less than 30 kg*mm 2 . The Zup can be adjusted between about 10 mm and about 22 mm, preferably between 11 and 18, even more preferably in at least one weight position no more than 15 mm. The BP up can be adjusted between about 18.0 mm and about 29.0 mm, preferably between 18.5 mm and 25 mm. In some embodiments, the BP projection of the club head  1200  can be between 0 to 4 mm with a large repositionable weight. In some embodiments, the BP projection is between about 0 mm and 2 mm with the weight in a forward position and between about 2 mm and about 4.0 mm with the weight in the rearward position. A maximum change in Zup from a forward position to a rearward position is no more than 2 mm, preferably no more than 1.5 mm, more preferably no more than 1.0 mm. A maximum change in BPup from a forward position to a rearward position is no more than 2 mm, preferably no more than 1.5 mm, more preferably no more than 1.0 mm. 
     For example, when the weight member  1240  is in a first, forward position, the Zup can be between 11 mm and 18 mm, and the BP up can be between 17.5 mm and 25.0 mm. When the weight member is in a second, rearward position, the Zup can be between 13 mm and 23 mm, and the BP up can be between 21 mm and 29 mm. In this example, moving the weight member  1240  from the first to the second position can shift the center of gravity (CG) by at least 3 mm, preferably between about 3 mm and about 10 mm. In this way, a relatively small movement of the weight member  1240  of between about 10 mm and about 35 mm can produce a relatively large shift in CG. 
     Referring to  FIG.  27   , the weight member  1240  may have a forward height  1242  that is less than a rearward height  1244 . In some embodiments, the rearward height  1244  is configured to be greater than an internal height of the weight cavity  1295 , which can be substantially the same as forward height  1242 . The weight member  1240  is elongated in a front to back direction. The forward height  1242  can be between about 4 mm and about 20 mm, preferably between 6 mm and 12 mm. The rearward height  1244  can be between about 4 mm and about 20 mm, preferably between 7 mm and 14 mm. Preferably the rearward height is greater than the forward height. The forward height  1242  can be between about 10% and about 40% a peak crown height of the club head measured from a ground plane to a peak crown height (crown apex) relative to a z-axis, preferably between 13% mm and 31% mm of a peak crown height. The rearward height  1244  can be between about 10% and about 40% a peak crown height, preferably between 13% and 37%. The length  1247  of the weight member  1240  can be between about 30 mm and about 55 mm, preferably between 38 mm and 55 mm. Preferably the length  1247  of the weight member  1240  can be between about 35% and about 65% of a total length of the club head as measured from a leading edge of the club head to a trailing edge of the club head as measured along the y-axis, preferably between 44% and 57%. In some embodiments, the length  1247  of the weight member  1240  is no less than 50% of a total length of the club head. The width  1243  of the weight member  1240  can be between about 10 mm and about 40 mm, preferably between 15 mm and 35 mm, more preferably between 22 mm and 28 mm. In some embodiments, the width  1243  of the weight member  1240  can be between about 15% and 35% of a club head length measured heel to toe per the USGA club head measurement rule, preferably about 20% and 30%, and even more preferably between about 22% and 28% of a club head length. The USGA rule states: “If the club does not have a defined heel, then the toe-heel dimension (length) shall be the distance between parallel planes making contact with the toe of the club (toe plane) and a point 0.875″ above the sole (floor plane) of the club on the heel side (heel plane).” R&amp;A Rules Limited and United States Golf Association, PROTOCOL FOR MEASURING THE CLUBHEAD SIZE OF WOOD CLUBS, TPX3003 Rev. 2.1 9 Apr. 2019. USGA rules can be found at the following website: https://www.usga.org/content/dam/usga/pdf/2019/equipment-standards/TPX3003%20Protocol%20for%20Measuring%20the%20Clubhead%20Size%20of%20Wood%20Clubs.pdf, last visited Dec. 17, 2020. 
     Referring to  FIG.  27   , when the weight member  1240  is in second, rearward position, at least a portion of the rear surface of the weight member  1240  is configured to engage an inner surface of the rear portion. The inner surface of the rear portion is further configured to act as a back stop for the weight member  1240  in the event that the fastener  1250  loosens or fails. The inner surface of the rear portion is slanted to allow the weight member  1240  to translate rearward as the weight member  1240  is removed and forward as the weight member  1240  is inserted. The weight member  1240  can be provided with a front chamfer on leading edge of the weight member  1240  to assist during weight member  1240  installation and to avoid the leading edge contacting the surfaces of the weight cavity  1295 . 
       FIGS.  28 - 29    illustrate another exemplary golf club head  1300  that embodies the inventive technologies disclosed herein. The golf club head  1300  is similar to other golf club heads discussed herein. The golf club head  1300  includes a body  1302  with a sole  1303 , a hosel  1362 , and a front channel  1314 . The body  1302  can include a weight channel  1330  configured to receive the repositionable weight member  1340 . The weight channel  1330  includes one or more grooves  1332  for engaging the weight member  1340 . The weight member  1340  includes one or more corresponding protrusions  1334  (depicted in  FIG.  30   ) to engage the one or more grooves  1332 . In some embodiments, the weight member is rotated as the weight member  1340  is inserted in the grooves  1332 . 
     In some embodiments, one or more grooves  1332  (depicted in  FIG.  28   ) are provided in a heel side and/or a toe side of the weight channel  1330 . An exemplary toe side groove  1332  is depicted in  FIG.  28   . Additional and different grooves  1332  can be provided in the weight channel  1330 . The one or more grooves  1332  are configured to engage the weight member  1340  to prevent the weight member  1340  from twisting and/or falling out of the weight channel  1330 . When adjusted, the weight member  1340  slides along the groove(s)  1332  in a front-to-back path along the sole  1303 . The groove(s)  1332  can also provide additional stability to the weight member  1340  when the weight member  1340  is installed, allowing a relatively larger weight member  1340  than could be safely installed with only one or more fasteners  1350 . A fastener  1350  can be installed through a weight slot  1354  of the weight member  1340  to secure the weight member  1340  within the weight channel  1330 . 
     In some embodiments, two or more indicators  1346  (depicted in  FIG.  29   ) are provided to indicate the position of the weight member  1340  within the weight channel  1330 . For example, each weight indicator  1346  can be provided for a different position of the weight member  1340 . Each indicator  1346  can show a set amount of adjustment for the weight member  1340 , such as providing an indicator  1346  for each of millimeter of adjustment. In some embodiments, the weight member can be between 50 g and 70 g, preferably about 60 g. In some embodiments, the indicators  1346  indicate the change in CG as a result of adjusting the weight member  1340 . In some embodiments, the weight member can move CG by between 2 mm and 6 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 5 mm. 
     In some embodiments, at least a portion of the composite crown  1309  can wrap into at least a portion of the heel portion (depicted in  FIG.  29   ). In some embodiments, at least a portion of the composite crown  1309  can wrap into at least a portion of the skirt, toe portion, and/or sole portion. In some embodiments, an outermost layer of the composite crown  1309  may be a woven layer. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the composite crown  1309  is formed from carbon. In some embodiments, the weight member  1340  defines at least a portion of the rear member. For example, as depicted in  FIG.  29   , when the weight member  1340  is in a rearward most position, a rear surface of the weight member  1340  can be flush with the skirt and can at least partially define a rear surface of the rear portion. 
       FIG.  30    is a section view showing one or more grooves  1332  in the weight channel  1330  and one or more weight protrusions  1334  configured to engage the one or more grooves  1332 . The section view is taken through a portion of the weight member  1340  outside of the weight slot  1354  where fastener  1350  passes through the weight member  1340 . 
     As depicted in  FIG.  30   , the weight channel  1330  can include at least two grooves  1332  and at least two protrusions  1334 . The one or more weight channel grooves  1332  and corresponding protrusions  1334  on the weight member  1340  are configured to secure the weight member  1340  in the weight channel  1330  when the fastener  1350  is loosened and/or in the unlikely event of the fastener  1350  failing. When the fastener  1350  is loosened or fails, the weight member is configured to remain at least partially secured within the weight channel  1330 . 
     In some embodiments, the one or more grooves  1332  and corresponding protrusions  1334  on the weight member  1340  are configured to provide for a clamping system like the other embodiments discussed herein where a fastener threads into a threaded port to secure the weight member in a desired position. In a clamping system, tightening the fastener  1350  can be configured to pull the weight member  1340  inward toward the interior cavity  1322  (not depicted) of the golf club body  1302  and putting the fastener  1350  in a state of tension. 
     In some embodiments, the one or more grooves  1332  and corresponding protrusions  1334  on the weight member  1340  are configured to provide a compression system where the fastener  1350  can press against an inner wall of the weight channel  13  (e.g., a lower channel surface  1231  as depicted in  FIG.  24   ), which can eliminate the need for a threaded port  1352  (not depicted) to receive the fastener  1350 . In a compressive system, tightening the fastener  1350  is configured to push the weight member  1340  outward away from the interior cavity  1322  and puts the fastener  1350  in a state of compression. A compression system can place some, if not all of the load on the one or more channel grooves  1332  and the one or more protrusions  1334  extending from the weight member  1340  that engage the one or more grooves  1332 . 
     Compression system embodiments can place more load on the bearing surfaces (i.e., the one or more grooves  1332  and the corresponding one or more weight protrusions  1334 ) and there is a greater likelihood of failure of the bearing surfaces, such as catastrophic failure resulting in the weight member  1340  breaking free from the golf club head  1300 . In tension system embodiments, the one or more grooves  1332  can act as a secondary safety mechanism to trap the weight member  1340  within the weight channel  1330  in the unlikely event that the fastener  1350  fails. In some embodiments, a tension system (e.g., using fastener  1350  in tension) can secure a weight member  1340  with greater mass compared to a compression system (e.g., using fastener  1350  in compression) which can secure a weight member with a lesser mass. 
       FIG.  31    is a section view that is showing one or more ledges  1432  in the weight channel  1430  and the one or more weight surfaces  1434  configured to engage the one or more ledges  1432 . The section view is taken through a portion of the weight member  1440  outside of the weight slot  1454  (not depicted) where fastener  1450  (not depicted) passes through the weight member  1440 . This weight channel  1430  and weight member  1440  embodiment can be used with the club heads discussed herein, including club heads  1200 ,  1300 , and other exemplary club heads. 
     As depicted in  FIG.  31   , the weight channel  1430  can include at least two ledges  1432  and at least two weight surfaces  1434 . The one or more weight channel ledges  1432  and corresponding weight surfaces  1434  on the weight member  1440  are configured to secure the weight member  1440  in the weight channel  1430  when the fastener  1450  is loosened and/or in the unlikely event of the fastener  1450  failing. When the fastener  1450  is loosened or fails, the weight member is configured to remain at least partially secured within the weight channel  1430 . 
     In some embodiments, the one or more weight channel ledges  1432  and corresponding weight surfaces  1434  on the weight member  1440  can be configured in a compression system as discussed herein. For example, the one or more weight channel ledges  1432  and corresponding weight surfaces  1434  on the weight member  1440  may be superior to the one or more grooves  1332  and corresponding protrusions  1334  on the weight member  1340  depicted in  FIG.  30    provided in a compression system because one or more weight channel ledges  1432  and corresponding weight surfaces  1434  on the weight member  1440  have fewer failure points on the bearing surfaces (e.g., the groove and/or protrusions shearing or breaking off). The one or more weight channel ledges  1432  and corresponding weight surfaces  1434  on the weight member  1440  can also provide a greater surface area of contact for the compression. In other embodiments, the one or more weight channel ledges  1432  and corresponding weight surfaces  1434  on the weight member  1440  can be configured in a tension system as discussed herein. 
     Additional club head features are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 10,773,135, filed Aug. 28, 2019, issued Sep. 15, 2020, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     Design Parameters for Golf Club Heads with Slidably Repositionable Weight(s) 
     Although the following discussion cites features related to golf club head  100  and its variations (e.g.  400 ,  500 ,  1100 ,  1200 ), the many design parameters discussed below substantially apply to golf club heads  600  and  700  due to the common features of the club heads. With that in mind, in some embodiments of the golf clubs described herein, the location, position or orientation of features of the golf club head, such as the golf club head  100 ,  400 ,  500 ,  600 ,  700 ,  1100  and  1200 , can be referenced in relation to fixed reference points, e.g., a golf club head origin, other feature locations or feature angular orientations. The location or position of a weight or weight assembly, such as the weight member  140 ,  440 ,  640 ,  740 ,  1140  and  1240  is typically defined with respect to the location or position of the weight&#39;s or weight assembly&#39;s center of gravity. When a weight or weight assembly is used as a reference point from which a distance, i.e., a vectorial distance (defined as the length of a straight line extending from a reference or feature point to another reference or feature point) to another weight or weight assembly location is determined, the reference point is typically the center of gravity of the weight or weight assembly. 
     The location of the weight assembly on a golf club head can be approximated by its coordinates on the head origin coordinate system. The head origin coordinate system includes an origin at the ideal impact location of the golf club head, which is disposed at the geometric center of the striking surface  105  (see  FIGS.  1 A and  1 B ). As described above, the head origin coordinate system includes an x-axis and a y-axis. The origin x-axis extends tangential to the face plate at the origin and generally parallel to the ground when the head is ideally positioned with the positive x-axis extending from the origin towards a heel of the golf club head and the negative x-axis extending from the origin to the toe of the golf club head. The origin y-axis extends generally perpendicular to the origin x-axis and parallel to the ground when the head is ideally positioned with the positive y-axis extending from the head origin towards the rear portion of the golf club. The head origin can also include an origin z-axis extending perpendicular to the origin x-axis and the origin y-axis and having a positive z-axis that extends from the origin towards the top portion of the golf club head and negative z-axis that extends from the origin towards the bottom portion of the golf club head. 
     As described above, in some of the embodiments of the golf club head  100  described herein, the weight channel  130  extends generally from a heelward end  136  oriented toward the heel side  106  of the golf club head to a toeward end  138  oriented toward the toe side  108  of the golf club head, with both the heelward end  136  and toeward end  138  being at or near the same distance from the front portion of the club head. As a result, in these embodiments, the weight member  140  that is slidably retained within the weight channel  130  is capable of a relatively large amount of adjustment in the direction of the x-axis, while having a relatively small amount of adjustment in the direction of the y-axis. In some alternative embodiments, the heelward end  136  and toeward end  138  may be located at varying distances from the front portion, such as having the heelward end  136  further rearward than the toeward end  138 , or having the toeward end  138  further rearward than the heelward end  136 . In these alternative embodiments, the weight member  140  that is slidably retained within the weight channel  130  is capable of a relatively large amount of adjustment in the direction of the x-axis, while also having from a small amount to a larger amount of adjustment in the direction of the y-axis. 
     For example, in some embodiments of a golf club head  100  having a weight member  140  that is adjustably positioned within a weight channel  130 , the weight member  140  can have an origin x-axis coordinate between about −40 mm and about 40 mm, depending upon the location of the weight assembly within the weight channel  130 . In specific embodiments, the weight member  140  can have an origin x-axis coordinate between about −35 mm and about 35 mm, or between about −30 mm and about 30 mm, or between about −25 mm and about 25 mm, or between about −20 mm and about 20 mm, or between about −15 mm and about 15 mm, or between about −13 mm and about 13 mm. Thus, in some embodiments, the weight member  140  is provided with a maximum x-axis adjustment range (Max Δx) that is less than 80 mm, such as less than 70 mm, such as less than 60 mm, such as less than 50 mm, such as less than 40 mm, such as less than 30 mm, such as less than 26 mm. 
     On the other hand, in some embodiments of the golf club head  100  having a weight member  140  that is adjustably positioned within a weight channel  130 , the weight member  140  can have an origin y-axis coordinate between about 5 mm and about 80 mm. More specifically, in certain embodiments, the weight member  140  can have an origin y-axis coordinate between about 5 mm and about 50 mm, between about 5 mm and about 45 mm, or between about 5 mm and about 40 mm, or between about 10 mm and about 40 mm, or between about 5 mm and about 35 mm. Additionally or alternatively, in certain embodiments, the weight member  140  can have an origin y-axis coordinate between about 35 mm and about 80 mm, between about 45 mm and about 75 mm, or between about 50 mm and about 70 mm. Thus, in some embodiments, the weight member  140  is provided with a maximum y-axis adjustment range (Max Δy) that is less than 45 mm, such as less than 30 mm, such as less than 20 mm, such as less than 10 mm, such as less than 5 mm, such as less than 3 mm. Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments having a rearward channel, the weight member is provided with a maximum y-axis adjustment range (Max Δy) that is less than 110 mm, such as less than 80 mm, such as less than 60 mm, such as less than 40 mm, such as less than 30 mm, such as less than 15 mm. 
     In some embodiments, a golf club head can be configured to have a constraint relating to the relative distances that the weight assembly can be adjusted in the origin x-direction and origin y-direction. Such a constraint can be defined as the maximum y-axis adjustment range (Max Δy) divided by the maximum x-axis adjustment range (Max Δx). According to some embodiments, the value of the ratio of (Max Δy)/(Max Δx) is between 0 and about 0.8. In specific embodiments, the value of the ratio of (Max Δy)/(Max Δx) is between 0 and about 0.5, or between 0 and about 0.2, or between 0 and about 0.15, or between 0 and about 0.10, or between 0 and about 0.8, or between 0 and about 0.5, or between 0 and about 0.03, or between 0 and about 0.01. 
     As discussed above, in some driver-type golf club head embodiments, the mass of the weight member, e.g. weight member  640  and/or weight member  740 , is between about 1 g and about 50 g, such as between about 3 g and about 40 g, such as between about 5 g and about 25 g. In some alternative embodiments, the mass of the weight member  640  and/or  740  is between about 5 g and about 45 g, such as between about 9 g and about 35 g, such as between about 9 g and about 30 g, such as between about 9 g and about 25 g. 
     As discussed above, in some fairway-type golf club head embodiments, the mass of the weight member, e.g., weight member  140 , is between about 50 g and about 90 g, such as between about 55 g and about 80 g, such as between about 60 g and about 75 g. In some alternative embodiments, the mass of the weight member  140  is between about 5 g and about 45 g, such as between about 9 g and about 35 g, such as between about 9 g and about 30 g, such as between about 9 g and about 25 g. 
     In some embodiments, a golf club head can be configured to have constraints relating to the product of the mass of the weight assembly and the relative distances that the weight assembly can be adjusted in the origin x-direction and/or origin y-direction. One such constraint can be defined as the mass of the weight assembly (M WA ) multiplied by the maximum x-axis adjustment range (Max Δx). According to some embodiments, the value of the product of M WA ×(Max Δx) is between about 250 g·mm and about 4950 g·mm. In specific embodiments, the value of the product of M WA ×(Max Δx) is between about 500 g·mm and about 4950 g·mm, or between about 1000 g·mm and about 4950 g·mm, or between about 1500 g·mm and about 4950 g·mm, or between about 2000 g·mm and about 4950 g·mm, or between about 2500 g·mm and about 4950 g·mm, or between about 3000 g·mm and about 4950 g·mm, or between about 3500 g·mm and about 4950 g·mm, or between about 4000 g·mm and about 4950 g·mm. 
     According to some embodiments, the value of the product of M WA ×(Max Δx) is between about 250 g·mm and about 2500 g·mm. In specific embodiments, the value of the product of M WA ×(Max Δx) is between about 350 g·mm and about 2400 g·mm, or between about 750 g·mm and about 2300 g·mm, or between about 1000 g·mm and about 2200 g·mm, or between about 1100 g·mm and about 2100 g·mm, or between about 1200 g·mm and about 2000 g·mm, or between about 1200 g·mm and about 1950 g·mm, or between about 1250 g·mm and about 1900 g·mm, or between about 1250 g·mm and about 1750 g·mm. 
     Another constraint relating to the product of the mass of the weight assembly and the relative distances that the weight assembly can be adjusted in the origin x-direction and/or origin y-direction can be defined as the mass of the weight assembly (M WA ) multiplied by the maximum y-axis adjustment range (Max Δy). According to some embodiments, the value of the product of M WA ×(Max Δy) is between about 0 g·mm and about 1800 g·mm. In specific embodiments, the value of the product of M WA ×(Max Δy) is between about 0 g·mm and about 1500 g·mm, or between about 0 g·mm and about 1000 g·mm, or between about 0 g·mm and about 500 g·mm, or between about 0 g·mm and about 250 g·mm, or between about 0 g·mm and about 150 g·mm, or between about 0 g·mm and about 100 g·mm, or between about 0 g·mm and about 50 g·mm, or between about 0 g·mm and about 25 g·mm. 
     As noted above, one advantage obtained with a golf club head having a repositionable weight, such as the golf club head  100  having the weight member  140 , is in providing the end user of the golf club with the capability to adjust the location of the CG of the club head over a range of locations relating to the position of the repositionable weight. In particular, the present inventors have found that there is a distance advantage to providing a center of gravity of the club head that is lower and more forward relative to comparable golf clubs that do not include a weight assembly such as the weight member  140  described herein. 
     In some embodiments, the golf club head  100  has a CG with a head origin x-axis coordinate (CGx) between about −10 mm and about 10 mm, such as between about −4 mm and about 9 mm, such as between about −3 mm and about 8 mm, such as between about −2 mm to about 5 mm, such as between about −0.8 mm to about 8 mm, such as between about 0 mm to about 8 mm. In some embodiments, the golf club head  100  has a CG with a head origin y-axis coordinate (CGy) greater than about 15 mm and less than about 50 mm, such as between about 22 mm and about 43 mm, such as between about 24 mm and about 40 mm, such as between about 26 mm and about 35 mm. In some embodiments, the golf club head  100  has a CG with a head origin z-axis coordinate (CGz) greater than about −8 mm and less than about 3 mm, such as between about −6 mm and about 0 mm. In some embodiments, the golf club head  100  has a CG with a head origin z-axis coordinate (CGz) that is less than 0 mm, such as less than −2 mm, such as less than −4 mm, such as less than −5 mm, such as less than −6 mm. 
     As described herein, by repositioning the weight member  140  within the weight channel  130  of the golf club head  100 , the location of the CG of the club head is adjusted. For example, in some embodiments of a golf club head  100  having a weight member  140  that is adjustably positioned within a weight channel  130 , the club head is provided with a maximum CGx adjustment range (Max ΔCGx) attributable to the repositioning of the weight member  140  that is greater than 1 mm, such as greater than 2 mm, such as greater than 3 mm, such as greater than 4 mm, such as greater than 5 mm, such as greater than 6 mm, such as greater than 8 mm, such as greater than 10 mm, such as greater than 11 mm. 
     Moreover, in some embodiments of the golf club head  100  having a weight member  140  that is adjustably positioned within a weight channel  130 , the club head is provided with a CGy adjustment range (Max ΔCGy) that is less than 6 mm, such as less than 3 mm, such as less than 1 mm, such as less than 0.5 mm, such as less than 0.25 mm, such as less than 0.1 mm. 
     Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments of the golf club head  100  having a weight member  140  that is adjustably positioned within a rearward channel, the club head is provided with a CGy adjustment range (Max ΔCGy) that is less than 10 mm, such as less than 5 mm, such as less than 3 mm, such as less than 1 mm, such as less than 0.5 mm, such as less than 0.25 mm, such as less than 0.1 mm. 
     In some embodiments, a golf club head can be configured to have a constraint relating to the relative amounts that the CG is able to be adjusted in the origin x-direction and origin y-direction. Such a constraint can be defined as the maximum CGy adjustment range (Max ΔCGy) divided by the maximum CGx adjustment range (Max ΔCGx). According to some embodiments, the value of the ratio of (Max ΔCGy)/(Max ΔCGx) is between 0 and about 0.8. In specific embodiments, the value of the ratio of (Max ΔCGy)/(Max ΔCGx) is between 0 and about 0.5, or between 0 and about 0.2, or between 0 and about 0.15, or between 0 and about 0.10, or between 0 and about 0.8, or between 0 and about 0.5, or between 0 and about 0.03, or between 0 and about 0.01. 
     In some embodiments, a golf club head can be configured such that only one of the above constraints apply. In other embodiments, a golf club head can be configured such that more than one of the above constraints apply. In still other embodiments, a golf club head can be configured such that all of the above constraints apply. 
     Table 3 below lists various properties of an exemplary golf club head, which may be similar to golf club head  100 , having a weight assembly retained within a front channel. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Property 
                 Value in Exemplary Golf Club Head 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Slidable weight 
                 66 
               
               
                   
                 assembly (g) 
               
               
                   
                 volume (cc) 
                 150 
               
               
                   
                 delta1 (mm) 
                 10.7-11.0 
               
               
                   
                 max CGx (mm) 
                 5.3 
               
               
                   
                 min CGx (mm) 
                 0.3 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 max CGz (mm) 
                 13.1 
                 Zup 
               
               
                   
                 min CGz (mm) 
                 13.1 
                 Zup 
               
               
                   
                 max CGy (mm) 
                 11.0 
                 Delta1 
               
               
                   
                 min CGy (mm) 
                 10.7 
                 Delta1 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 distance of weight 
                 From center face to CG of 
               
               
                   
                 assembly to striking 
                 weight assembly: ~31 mm. 
               
               
                   
                 face (mm) 
                 From leading edge to most forward 
               
               
                   
                   
                 portion of weight assembly: ~17 mm 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 channel length (mm) 
                 ~81 
                 mm 
               
               
                   
                 channel width (mm) 
                 ~40 
                 mm 
               
               
                   
                 channel depth (mm) 
                 ~12 
                 mm 
               
               
                   
                 Izz (kg · mm 2 ) 
                 209 
                 kg · mm 2   
               
               
                   
                 Ixx (kg · mm 2 ) 
                 93 
                 kg · mm 2   
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table 4 below lists various properties of an exemplary golf club head, which may be similar to golf club head  100 , having a weight assembly retained within a front channel, and located at center, toe, and heel positions, respectively: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Value in Exemplary Golf Club Head 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Property 
                 Center 
                 Toe 
                 Heel 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 CGx (mm) 
                 2.8 
                 0.3 
                 5.3 
               
               
                 Zup (mm) 
                 13.1 
                 13.1 
                 13.1 
               
               
                 Delta 1 (mm) 
                 10.7 
                 11.0 
                 11.0 
               
               
                 Balance Point Up (mm) 
                 19.532 
                 19.684 
                 19.732 
               
               
                 CGx Delta (mm) 
                   
                 −2.5 
                 2.5 
               
               
                 BP Delta (mm) 
                   
                 0.152 
                 0.200 
               
               
                 BP Delta/CGx Delta (mm/mm) 
                   
                 −0.061 
                 0.080 
               
               
                 Absolute value BP Delta/ 
                   
                 0.061 
                 0.080 
               
               
                 CGx Delta (mm/mm) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In table 4 above, BP Delta or Balance Point Up Delta represents the change in the Balance Point Up relative to the Balance Point Up when the weight is in the center position. For example, when the weight is in toewardmost position the Balance Point Up is 19.684 mm compared to 19.532 mm in the center position resulting in a delta or change of 0.152 mm. Similarly, in the heel position the BP Delta is 0.200 mm (19.732 mm-19.532 mm). BP Delta/CGx Delta (mm/mm) is again calculated relative to the center position. For example, BP Delta for the heelwardmost position relative to center is 0.200 mm and the CGx delta from center to heel is 2.5 mm (5.3 mm-2.8 mm) resulting in a ratio of 0.8. It was found that this track configuration produced a very large CGx movement with very little impact to Balance Point Up, which was lacking in earlier designs. 
     In some embodiments described herein, BP Delta in a toewardmost position is no more than 0.50 mm, and is between 0.12 mm and 0.50 mm, such as between 0.13 mm and 0.40 mm, such as between 0.14 mm and 0.30 mm. In some embodiments described herein, BP Delta in a heelwardmost position is no more than 0.30 mm, and is between 0.12 mm and 0.30 mm, such as between 0.13 mm and 0.25 mm, such as between 0.15 mm and 0.25 mm. 
     In some embodiments described herein, a BP Delta/CGx Delta (mm/mm) when the weight is in the toewardmost position is no more than 0.170 (absolute value). More specifically, the BP Delta/CGx Delta for the toewardmost position relative the center position can be between 0.170 (absolute value) and 0.040 (absolute value). In some embodiments described herein, a BP Delta/CGx Delta (mm/mm) when the weight is in the heelwardmost position is no more than 0.120 (absolute value). More specifically, the BP Delta/CGx Delta for the heelwardmost position relative the center position can be between 0.120 (absolute value) and 0.060 (absolute value). In some embodiments described herein, the summation of the BP Delta/CGx Delta (mm/mm) in the toewardmost position (absolute value) and the BP Delta/CGx Delta (mm/mm) in the heelwardmost position (absolute value) is no more than 0.29, and is between 0.11 and 0.29, such as between 0.12 and 0.28, such as between 0.13 and 0.25. Unexpectedly, the location of the weight bearing channel in the front portion of the club head can lead to synergies in golf club performance. First, because Δ 1  (delta 1) is relatively small, dynamic lofting is reduced; thereby reducing spin that otherwise may reduce distance. Additionally, because the projection of the CG is below the center-face, the gear effect biases the golf ball to rotate toward the projection of the CG—or, in other words, with forward spin. This is countered by the loft of the golf club head imparting back spin. The overall effect is a relatively low spin profile. However, because the CG is below the center face (and, thereby, below the ideal impact location) as measured along the z-axis, the golf ball will tend to rise higher on impact. The result is a high launching but lower spinning golf shot on purely struck shots, which leads to better ball flight (higher and softer landing) with more distance due to less energy loss from spin. 
     The distance between weight channels/weight ports and weight size can contribute to the amount of CG change made possible in a golf club head, particularly in a golf club head used in conjunction with a removable sleeve assembly, as described above. 
     In some exemplary embodiments of a golf club head having two, three or four weights, a maximum weight mass multiplied by the distance between the maximum weight and the minimum weight is between about 100 g·mm and about 3,750 g·mm or about 200 g·mm and 2,000 g·mm. More specifically, in certain embodiments, the maximum weight mass multiplied by the weight separation distance is between about 500 g mm and about 1,500 g mm, between about 1,200 g·mm and about 1,400 g·mm. 
     When a weight or weight port is used as a reference point from which a distance, i.e., a vectorial distance (defined as the length of a straight line extending from a reference or feature point to another reference or feature point) to another weight or weights port is determined, the reference point is typically the volumetric centroid of the weight port. When a movable weight club head and sleeve assembly are combined, it is possible to achieve the highest level of club trajectory modification while simultaneously achieving the desired look of the club at address. For example, if a player prefers to have an open club face look at address, the player can put the club in the “R” or open face position. If that player then hits a fade (since the face is open) shot but prefers to hit a straight shot, or slight draw, it is possible to take the same club and move the heavy weight to the heel port to promote draw bias. Therefore, it is possible for a player to have the desired look at address (in this case open face) and the desired trajectory (in this case straight or slight draw). 
     In yet another advantage, by combining the movable weight concept with an adjustable sleeve position (effecting loft, lie and face angle) it is possible to amplify the desired trajectory bias that a player may be trying to achieve. 
     For example, if a player wants to achieve the most draw possible, the player can adjust the sleeve position to be in the closed face position or “L” position and also put the heavy weight in the heel port. The weight and the sleeve position work together to achieve the greater draw bias possible. On the other hand, to achieve the greatest fade bias, the sleeve position can be set for the open face or “R” position and the heavy weight is placed in the top port. 
     As described above, the combination of a large CG change (measured by the heaviest weight multiplied by the distance between the ports) and a large loft change (measured by the largest possible change in loft between two sleeve positions, Aloft) results in the highest level of trajectory adjustability. Thus, a product of the distance between at least two weight ports, the maximum weight, and the maximum loft change is important in describing the benefits achieved by the embodiments described herein. 
     In one embodiment, the product of the distance between at least two weight ports, the maximum weight, and the maximum loft change is between about 50 mm·g·deg and about 8,000 mm·g·deg, preferably between about 2000 mm·g·deg and about 6,000 mm·g·deg, more preferably between about 2500 mm·g·deg and about 4,500 mm·g·deg, or even more preferably between about 3000 mm·g·deg and about 4,100 mm·g·deg. In other words, in certain embodiments, the golf club head satisfies the following expressions in Equations 4-7. Notably, the maximum loft change may vary between 2-4 degrees, and the preferred embodiment having a maximum loft change of 4 degrees or ±2 degrees. 
       50 mm·g·degrees&lt; Dwp·Mhw ·Δloft&lt;8,000 mm·g·degrees  (4)
 
       2000 mm·g·degrees&lt; Dwp·Mhw ·Δloft&lt;6,000 mm·g·degrees  (5)
 
       2500 mm·g·degrees&lt; Dwp·Mhw ·Δloft&lt;4,500 mm·g·degrees  (6)
 
       3000 mm·g·degrees&lt; Dwp·Mhw ·Δloft&lt;4,100 mm·g·degrees  (7)
 
     In the above expressions, Dwp, is the distance between two weight port centroids (mm), Mhw, is the mass of the heaviest weight (g), and Aloft is the maximum loft change (degrees) between at least two sleeve positions. A golf club head within the ranges described above will ensure the highest level of trajectory adjustability. 
     Additional disclosure regarding providing both a movable weight and an adjustable shaft assembly to a golf club head can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 8,622,847, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference. 
     According to some exemplary embodiments of a golf club head described herein, head an areal weight, i.e., material density multiplied by the material thickness, of the golf club head sole, crown and skirt, respectively, is less than about 0.45 g/cm2 over at least about 50% of the surface area of the respective sole, crown and skirt. In some specific embodiments, the areal weight is between about 0.5 g/cm 2  and about 0.15 g/cm 2 , between about 0.10 g/cm 2  and about 0.20 g/cm 2  between about 0.15 g/cm 2  and about 0.25 g/cm 2 , between about 0.25 g/cm 2  and about 0.35 g/cm 2  between about 0.35 g/cm 2  and about 0.45 g/cm 2 , or between about 0.45 g/cm 2  and about 0.55 g/cm 2 . 
     According to some exemplary embodiments of a golf club head described herein, the head comprises a skirt with a thickness less than about 0.8 mm, and the head skirt areal weight is less than about 0.41 g/cm 2  over at least about 50% of the surface area of the skirt. In specific embodiments, the skirt areal weight is between about 0.15 g/cm 2  and about 0.24 g/cm 2 , between about 0.24 g/cm 2  and about 0.33 g/cm 2  or between about 0.33 g/cm 2  and about 0.41 g/cm 2 . 
     Some of the exemplary golf club heads described herein can be configured to have a constraint defined as the moment of inertia about the golf club head CG x-axis (Ixx) multiplied by the total movable weight mass. According to some embodiments, the second constraint is between about 1.4 kg 2 ·mm 2  and about 40 kg 2 ·mm 2 . In certain embodiments, the second constraint is between about 1.4 kg 2 ·mm 2  and about 2.0 kg 2 ·mm 2 , between about 2.0 kg 2 ·mm 2  and about 10 kg 2 ·mm 2  or between about 10 kg 2 ·mm 2  and about 40 kg 2 ·mm 2 . 
     Some of the exemplary golf club heads described herein can be configured to have another constraint defined as the moment of inertia about the golf club head CG z-axis (Izz) multiplied by the total movable weight mass. According to some embodiments, the fourth constraint is between about 2.5 kg 2 ·mm 2  and about 72 kg 2 ·mm 2 . In certain embodiments, the fourth constraint is between about 2.5 kg 2 ·mm 2  and about 3.6 kg 2 ·mm 2  between about 3.6 kg 2 ·mm 2  and about 18 kg 2 ·mm 2  or between about 18 kg 2 ·mm 2  and about 72 kg 2 ·mm 2 . 
     In some embodiments described herein, a moment of inertia about a golf club head CG z-axis (Izz) can be greater than about 190 kg·mm 2 . More specifically, the moment of inertia about head CG z-axis  203  can be between about 190 kg·mm 2  and about 300 kg·mm 2 , between about 300 kg·mm 2  and about 350 kg·mm 2 , between about 350 kg·mm 2  and about 400 kg·mm 2 , between about 400 kg·mm 2  and about 450 kg·mm 2 , between about 450 kg·mm 2  and about 500 kg·mm 2  or greater than about 500 kg·mm 2 . 
     In some embodiments described herein, a moment of inertia about a golf club head CG x-axis (Ixx) can be greater than about 80 kg·mm 2 . More specifically, the moment of inertia about the head CG x-axis can be between about 80 kg·mm 2  and about 180 kg·mm 2 , between about 180 kg·mm 2  and about 250 kg·mm 2  between about 250 kg·mm 2  and about 300 kg·mm 2 , between about 300 kg·mm 2  and about 350 kg·mm 2 , between about 350 kg·mm 2  and about 400 kg·mm 2 , or greater than about 400 kg·mm 2 . 
     Additional disclosure regarding areal weight and calculating values for moments of inertia providing both a movable weight and an adjustable shaft assembly to a golf club head can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 7,963,861, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference. 
     Additional Embodiments with Slidably Respositional Weights 
       FIG.  32    shows a bottom view of an exemplary golf club head  1500  that has a forward/rearward sliding weight with a stationary weight fastener on the sole of the club head, similar to the club heads  1200  and  1300 . The club head  1500  can have any of the properties and features described herein with regard to the club heads  1200  and  1300 . 
     The club head  1500  can comprise a body  1502  having a sole portion  1503 , a forward sole slot  1514  just behind the bottom of the face, a hosel  1562  and a hosel recess  1566  for fastening a shaft to the club head. The body  1502  can also include recessed sole portions  1596 ,  1597  at the heel and toe sides of the sole. 
     The club head  1500  can comprise a weight  1540  that has a slot  1554  and a stationary fastener  1550  that extends through the slot and fastens to the body  1502 . The weight can be relatively large like the weight  1240 , having a width  1543  similar to the width  1243 . The weight  1540  is positioned along a track  1530  having a surface  1531  that the weight moves along in a forward-rearward direction. The slot  1554  is oriented in the forward-rearward direction and defines the maximum extent the weight  1540  can move. The fastener  1550  contacts the rear end of the slot  1554  (as shown) when the weight is in its forwardmost position, and contacts the front end of the slot when the weight is in its rearwardmost position. 
     The forward part of the weight  1540  is covered by the sole portion  1503 , while the rearward part of the weight is exposed behind the sole portion. The lateral sides of the weight  1540  can be at least partially covered by rearward portions of the body bordering the track  1530 . A cross-section view of the club head  1500  can look similar to views shown in  FIGS.  25  and  27   , though the club head can have differences, such as being larger, being a driver vs a fairway for example. In addition to providing mass distribution adjustability, having the forward part of the weight covered by part of the sole portion can provide club head volume variability, as described with the club heads  1200  and  1300 , and can also provide an aerodynamic benefit over a more exposed sliding weight design. 
       FIG.  33    shows a bottom view of an exemplary golf club head  1600  that has two laterally sliding weights and a stationary rear weight. The club head  1600  can comprise a body  1602  having a sole portion  1604 , a forward portion  1606 , a rear portion  1608 , a hosel  1610 , a hosel recess  1612 , a forward sole slot  1614 , and a sliding weight track  1620  extending in a heel-toe direction just behind the forward sole slot and hosel recess. The club head  1600  can also comprise a sole insert  1616  that forms a part of the sole between the sole portion  1604  and the rear portion  1608  of the body  1600 . The sole insert  1616  can comprise, for example, a low-density material such as a carbon-fiber composite material, and can be bonded to and enclose a lower opening in the body  1602 . The club head  1600  can also comprise a stationary rear weight  1618  that is secured to a rear end of the body via fastener  1619 . 
     The weight track  1620  can include one or more rails, or ledges,  1621  that the weights  1622  engage with and slide along. Each weight  1622  can have its own fastener  1623  that extends through the weight and secures the weight as a desired position along the track. The fasteners  1623  move along the track  1620  with the weights  1622 . In some embodiments, the weights  1622  can comprise two or more pieces that clamp onto the rail  1621  by tightening the fastener  1623 . Each weight can be adjustably positioned independently along the track to adjust the mass distribution properties of the club head. The track  1620  and the bottom of the weights  1623  are not covered by any part of the body and are exposed to ground contact, air flow dynamics, etc. 
     Additional Embodiments with Slotted Sliding Weight and Stationary Fastener 
     Some club heads can include a weight track with a sliding weight where the fastener screw is stationary relative to the body and the weight has a slot that moves relative to the stationary screw. Such a weight track and slotted weight can be oriented in a front-rear direction, a toe-heel direction, along another axis, along multiple axes, and/or along a curved path. 
     Such embodiments can solve at least the following problems. There is significant mass allocated to the structure in sliding weight tracks where the fastener moves with the weight (such as the club head  1600 ), which mass can be located very close to the front/back CG of the head. The additional mass can be partly in the form of one or more rails or ledges that the weights ride along and clamp onto. Because this additional mass is close the CG, the mass does not affect improvement of the inertial properties of the head as much as if the same mass was located farther away from the CG. Embodiments with a stationary fastening screw and a slotted weight that moves relative to the screw can also be simpler from a casting perspective and more mass efficient in that such embodiments can eliminate the rails that the weight rides along. The weight itself can also be simplified to just one piece, as opposed to two pieces that clamp together. There can also be no need to include a nut to engage the fastener shaft, which can also reduce mass and complexity. In addition, embodiments with a stationary fastening screw and a slotted weight that moves relative to the screw can also allow for more discretionary mass to be put into the weight, and as such the length of the track can be shortened while providing equivalent adjustability. For example, with a heel-toe oriented weight track, such an embodiment can maintain the same CGx adjustment range compared to a longer sliding weight track with clamping rails (like the club head  1600 ) because the weight is heavier despite the shorter track length. Because the track is shorter, it can also be positioned further forward. With the mass of the track infrastructure and the mass of the weight moved forward, the CG of the weight track system can be further away from the overall CG of the club head. This can improve (increase) inertia properties of the head. 
       FIG.  34    shows an exemplary club head  1700  that includes a heel-toe weight track with a slotted weight that moves relative to a stationary weight fastener. The club head  1700  can comprise a body  1702 , a face portion  1704 , a hosel  1706 , head-shaft coupler  1708 , rear portion  1710 , sole insert  1712  coupled to the body and having a lower density than the body, stationary rear weight  1716  with fastener  1718 , hosel recess  1720 , and front sole slot  1722 , similar to the club head  1600 . The club head also includes a crown, which can include a crown insert coupled to the body, which crown insert can comprise a composite material or other material that is less dense than the body. The club head  1700  can also include a heel-toe weight track  1724  positioned behind the slot  1722  and hosel recess  1720 , with a slotted adjustable weight  1726  secured by stationary fastener  1728 . The weights can have a greater density than the body. The weight  1726  is adjustably positionable in a heel-toe direction along the track  1724 . A slot  1730  in the weight  1726  rides along the fastener  1728  and defines a maximum extent the weight can move in the heel-toe directions. 
     An overhang portion  1732  of the sole can cover a heel end portion of the track  1724 . A heel end portion  1734  of the weight  1726  can be covered by the overhang portion  1732 , at least when the weight is in a heelward position along the track  1724 . In some embodiments, at least a portion of the weight  1726  is always covered by the overhang portion  1732  no matter where the weight is along the track. In some embodiments, up to half of the weight can be covered by the overhang when the weight is in the heelward position. The covered part of the weight can telescope within the body, resulting in variation of the total volume of the club head, as described with reference to the club heads  1200  and  1300 . The overhang portion  1732  can also create a stable sit point for contacting the ground instead of the weight when the club head is in the normal address position. The overhang portion  1732  can also help improve aerodynamics during a swing, such as by reducing drag associated with a large open cavity and weight protuberances. 
       FIG.  35    shows another exemplary club head  1800  that includes a heel-toe weight track with a slotted weight that moves relative to a stationary weight fastener. The club head  1800  can comprise a body  1802  having a forward portion  1804 , a hosel  1806  with head-shaft coupler  1808 , a rear portion  1810 , a hosel recess  1820 , and a front sole slot  1822 , as well as a sole insert  1812  with raised ridges  1814  coupled to the body and having a lower density than the body, and a stationary swappable rear weight  1816  with rear weight fastener  1818 , similar to the club heads  1600  and  1700 . The weights can have a greater density than the body. 
     The rear portion  1810  of the body can, in some embodiments, comprise a separately formed rear ring portion that is attached to the front body portion  1802  at the heel and toe sides, and the rear ring can be formed of a different material (e.g., polymeric material, aluminum, or other lower density material) than the front body portion (e.g., titanium). The rear portion  1810  can include a rear recess and fastener port for receiving the swappable rear weight  1816  via rear weight fastener  1818 . The rear weight  1816  can be swapped with alternative rear weights have different masses (and/or different materials) to adjust the mass characteristics of the club head. More information regarding the construction of club heads, in particular the front body portions and rear ring portions, as well as crown and sole inserts and weight tracks and weight members, can be found in U.S. Pub. No. 2021/0113896 published Apr. 22, 2021, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     An exemplary front body portion  1802  is shown in  FIG.  36   , which can be a cast component. As shown in  FIG.  36   , the front body portion  1802  can include a toe connector  1870  and a heel connector  1872  that can engage with corresponding connection portion on the rear (ring) portion  1810  to secure the two parts together. The front body portion  1802  and the rear portion  1810  can each include a portion of an annular recessed ledge  1874  to which the sole insert  1812  is attached, closing a lower opening of the body. As shown in  FIG.  36   , the recessed ledge  1874  can extend around the heel side and part of the front side of the weight track  1824  to accommodate a portion of the sole insert (e.g., the overhang portion  1832  discussed herein) that covers part of the weight track and weight member. 
     The club head  1800  also includes a crown, which can include a crown insert coupled to the body. The front body portion  1802  and rear portion  1810  can each include portions of an annular crown ledge that extends around an upper opening, and the crown insert can attach to the crown ledge and close the upper opening (similar to the crown structures shown in  FIGS.  1 B,  3 ,  10 ,  11 ,  15 ,  23 B,  25 , and  27   ). The crown insert can comprise a composite material or other material that is less dense than the body. The sole insert  1812  can also comprise a composite material or other material that is less dense than the body. For example, in some embodiments, at least a portion of the body  1802  is formed of a titanium alloy, the adjustable weight member  1826  is formed from a material having a density no less than 7.8 g/cc, at least a portion of the crown (e.g., the crown insert) is formed of a material having a density of no more than 2 g/cc, and/or at least a portion of the sole (e.g., the sole insert) is formed of a material having a density of no more than 2 g/cc. 
     The club head  1800  can also include a heel-toe oriented weight track  1824  positioned behind the front sole slot  1822 , with a slotted adjustable weight  1826  secured by stationary fastener  1828 . As shown in  FIG.  36   , the weight track  1824  can have a generally trapezoidal shape. The weight member  1826  can also have a generally trapezoidal shape. The weight member  1826  is adjustably positionable in a heel-toe direction along the track  1824 . The weight track and weight member can also be slightly arcuate such that the weight member moves along a slightly curved path. A slot  1830  in the weight  1826  interfaces with the fastener  1828  and the heel-toe length of the slot  1830  can define a maximum extent the weight can move in the heel-toe directions. The slot  1830  in the weight can include recessed ledge around the outer perimeter of the slot the fastener head sits within. The fastener includes a threaded shaft portion that engages with a corresponding threaded port  1829  in the body, as illustrated in  FIG.  37   . When the threaded shaft portion is tightened within the port, the fastener head presses against the recessed ledge to secure the weight member against the walls of the track. As shown in  FIG.  36   , the track  1824  can also include ridges  1876  or other features that help the weight member engage with the weight track and prevent the weight member from unintentionally moving relative to the weight track when the fastener  1828  is tightened. Such ridges can also serve as indexing/reference features to help adjust the weight to a desired position without having to measure the exact position. Similar ridges and/or corresponding recesses can be included on other walls of the track and/or on contacting surfaces of the weight as well. In some embodiments, the weight tack and weight can taper in front-rear width moving from the sole upward (as illustrated in  FIG.  37   ), such that the front and/or rear walls of the weight are angled and press against the front and rear walls of the track to help “wedge” the weight into the track and better secure the weight within the track when the fastener is tightened. The fastener  1828  and port  1829  can also be angled from vertical, as shown in  FIG.  37   . 
     The mass of the front adjustable weight  1826  may range between 8 grams and 30 grams, preferably 10 grams and 25 grams, and more preferably 15 grams and 23 grams. The swappable rear weight  1816  may range from 8 grams and 30 grams, preferably 10 grams and 25 grams, more preferably 15 grams and 23 grams, and even more preferably 12-18 grams. In some embodiments, the rear weight may weigh more than the front weight in order to provide greater inertia i.e. forgiveness to the golfer. A combined mass of the front weight and the rear weight may range from 30-60 grams, preferably 35-55 grams, or greater than about 35 grams. 
     In some embodiments, a moment of inertia about the golf club head CG y-axis (Iyy) can be greater than about 250 kg·mm 2 . More specifically, the moment of inertia about the head CG y-axis can be between 250 kg·mm 2  and 400 kg·mm 2 , between about 250 kg·mm 2  and about 350 kg·mm 2 , between about 275 kg·mm 2  and about 325 kg·mm 2 , between about 300 kg·mm 2  and about 350 kg·mm 2 , between about 350 kg·mm 2  and about 400 kg·mm 2 , or greater than about 400 kg·mm 2 . In some embodiments described herein, a summation of a moment of inertia about a golf club head CG x-axis (Ixx) and a moment of inertia about a golf club head CG x-axis (Izz) can be greater than about 700 kg·mm 2 . More specifically, a summation of Ixx plus Izz may be between about 700 kg·mm 2  and 1100 kg·mm 2 , between about 725 kg·mm 2  and 875 kg·mm 2 , between 790 kg·mm 2  and 950 kg·mm 2 , between 800 kg·mm 2  and 850 kg·mm 2 , or greater than about 800 kg·mm 2 . 
     An overhang portion  1832  of the sole insert  1812  can cover a heel end portion  1836  of the track  1824 . For example, the overhang portion  1832  of the sole insert can cover about 25-50% of the weight track, about 30-40% of the weight track, and/or about 33-37% of the weight track. A heel end portion  1834  of the weight  1826  can also be covered by the overhang portion  1832 , at least when the weight is in a heelward position along the track  1824 . In some embodiments, at least a portion of the weight  1826  is always covered by the overhang portion  1832  no matter where the weight is along the track. In some embodiments, up to half of the weight can be covered by the overhang when the weight is in the heelwardmost position. The overhang portion  1832  can allow space for the fastener  1828  to be inserted through the weigh slot into the fastener port  1829 . 
     The weight  1826  can be inserted into, and removed from, the track  1824  from the uncovered toe side of the track, when not fastened by the fastener  1828 , by angling the weight into or out of the track and moving the weight in a heel-toe direction generally parallel with the path of the weight track.  FIGS.  38 A- 38 C  illustrate how the weight member can be inserted into the weight track, tucked under the overhang portion of the sole insert, and secured with the fastener. The overhang portion of the sole insert can be sized and positioned so that it leaves enough of the toe end of the track uncovered to provide space for the weight member to slide into or out of the track for insertion and removal. The one-piece weight member simplifies these processes compared to multi-piece weight members, such as those that clamp onto rails or ledges of the weight track for fastening. The fastener  1828  can be removed or at least uncoupled from the port  1829  before the weight member is removed from the weight track during removal, and the fastener can be inserted through the slot in the weight member after the weight member is inserted into the track during insertion.  FIG.  39    shows an embodiment where the weight member includes a hole or recess on the toe end that can be used to move the weight. A tool, such as a wrench used to tighten/loosen the fastener, can be inserted into the hole/recess in the weight and used to pull or push the weight in either direction along the weight track. This can allow the weight to be moved farther under the overhang and still be retrievable with just a small part of the weight protruding out from under the overhang (the part with the hole/recess). The weight can also include ridges, bumps, or other grip features on the external surface (such as the ridges illustrated in  FIG.  39   ) to help a user grip and move the weight with fingers. 
     The covered part of the weight can telescope within the club head under the overhang, resulting in variation of the total water-displaced volume of the club head, as described with reference to the club heads  1200  and  1300 . The overhang portion  1832  can also protect the weight and track from impact and debris and can create a stable sit point for contacting the ground instead of the weight/track when the club head is in the normal address position. The overhang portion  1832  can also help improve aerodynamics during a swing, such as by reducing drag associated with a large open track cavity and weight protuberances. 
     In some embodiments, in addition to the overhang portion  1832 , the club head  1800  can include trip steps, vortex generators, or similar features forward of the weight track  1824  that help mitigate whistling sounds or other unwanted sounds that can be caused by the weight/track when the club head is traveling at high speed (e.g., during a swing). More information about trip steps, vortex generators, or similar features can be found in U.S. Pub. 2020/0139208, published May 7, 2020, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. As discussed therein, in some embodiments, a surface of the sole may comprise one or more surface features, such as a plurality of vortex generators, which can for example each comprise a “wishbone” shape. These vortex generators can be raised up from the surface of the sole, such as at a height of less than 0.75 mm, such as between 0 and 0.75 mm, or between 0.2 and 0.6 mm, or between 0.3 and 0.5 mm, with a narrow end of the raised portion angled toward the rear portion of the golf club head so as to improve playability properties of the golf club head, such as to reduce “whistling” during a golf swing. 
     While in the illustrated embodiment, these vortex generators  436  are shown as being positioned on a sole  414 , they may be placed, e.g., on a crown of a golf club head, elsewhere on the sole, or e.g., along a sole panel, along a toe surface, or at other locations on the surface of the golf club head in this or any of the golf club head embodiments illustrated herein, as desired. 
     Additionally, in club heads like  1700  and  1800 , the weight track can be asymmetric with the track being deeper at the forward part and the weight can similarly be thick in the front and therefore more mass-biased further forward, as illustrated in  FIG.  37   .  FIG.  37    is a cross-sectional view of the club head  1800  taken along a front-rear vertical plane looking toeward, showing the forward sole portion  1851  of the body  1802 , front sole slot  1822  with a plug inserted therein, an intermediate sole portion  1850  between the slot  1822  and the weight track  1824 , a rear sole portion  1852  of the body  1802  behind the weight track, the sole insert  1812  overlapping a rear ledge  1874  of the body  1802 , and a receptacle, or port,  1829  that receives the stationary fastener  1828 . The receptacle  1829  can be threaded and receive a threaded fastener  1828 , for example. The weight track  1824  can be reinforced by internal ribs as shown, such as rib  1884  that extends in a front/rear direction around the inner side of the track. As also shown in  FIG.  37   , the body  1802  can include a front opening formed in part by an annular ledge  1882  that receives a face insert  1880 , which can comprise a material (e.g., metallic or composite) different from the body and can be attached to the body via adhesive, welds, fasteners, or other methods. 
     As shown in  FIG.  37   , the weight track  1824  has a deeper wall  1854  forward of the port  1829  and a shallower wall  1856  rearward of the port. A forward portion  1860  of the weight  1826  is thicker/taller and has more of the total mass of the weight while a rearward portion  1862  of the weight is thinner/shorter and has less of the total mass of the weight. Such an asymmetric weight and track configuration can allow for more extreme weight splitting, which can allow the club head to maintain balance point, maintain delta1, and increase Ixx and Izz compared to the club head  1600  of  FIG.  33   , as shown in Table 5. 
                                 TABLE 5                          Value in Exemplary Golf Club Head                                     Property   Club Head 1600   Club Head 1800                                             CGx (mm)   −2.3   −2.9           CGz (mm)   −5.28   −5.44           Delta 1 (mm)   22.1   23.2           Delta 2 (mm)   37.3   37.7           Head Mass (g)   201.3   201.9           Ixx (kg*mm 2 )   317   335           Iyy (kg*mm 2 )   282   286           Izz (kg*mm 2 )   459   481           Total Inertia (kg*mm 2 )   776   816           BP Projection (mm)   0.7   0.6                        
Club Heads with Slidable Weights Including Compressible Spacers
 
       FIGS.  40 - 47    illustrate another example of a golf club head  1900  that has a forward/rearward sliding weight with a stationary weight fastener on the sole of the club head, similar to the club heads  1200 ,  1300 , and  1500 . In addition to the features described below, the club head  1900  can have any of the properties and features described herein with regard to the club heads  1200 ,  1300 , and/or  1500 . 
     The club head  1900  can comprise a body  1902  having a crown  1904  defining a top portion of the club head, a sole  1906  defining a bottom portion of the club head, a face  1908  defining a forward portion of the golf club head, a rearward portion  1910  of the golf club head opposite the face, and a hosel  1961 . The body  1902  can define a crown opening which can be closed by a crown insert  1905  (e.g., comprising a fiber-reinforced polymer material). 
     The hosel  1961  can be configured to receive a flight control technology (FCT) system insert  1963 . The FCT insert  1963  can provide for adjustment of the lie and/or loft of the club head. FCT systems are described in more detail in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,025,587, 8,235,831, 8,337,319, 8,758,153, 8,398,503, 8,876,622, 8,496,541, and 9,033,821, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     Referring to the bottom views of the club head shown in  FIGS.  46  and  47   , the club head can comprise a forward sole slot  1914  just behind the bottom of the face  1908 , and a hosel recess  1969  for fastening a shaft to the club head. The body  1902  can also include recessed sole portions  1997  and  1996  at the heel and toe sides of the sole  1906 . 
     The club head  1900  can comprise a weight channel  1912  (also referred to as a weight track) defined in the sole  1906  of the body  1902 . A weight member  1940  can be positioned in the channel and movable (such as by sliding) forward and rearward in the channel. In the illustrated example, the weight channel  1912  extends generally in the front-rear direction (also referred to as the fore-and-aft direction) between the face  1908  and the rearward portion  1910  of the club head. In the illustrated example the weight channel  1912  is integrally formed with the sole of the body  1902 , but the weight channel  1912  can also be at least partially defined by a sole insert that is attached to the sole of the club head. 
       FIG.  48    illustrates the sole of the club head with the weight member  1940  removed from the weight channel  1912 . The weight channel  1912  can comprise a top wall referred to hereinafter as a “roof”  1916  of the channel, and side walls  1918  and  1920 . The outward-facing surface of the roof  1916  can define a plurality of ribbed projections  1922  (e.g., bumps, prominences, nubs, protuberances, crests, ridges, teeth, etc.). The ribbed projections  1922  can be spaced apart along a y-axis of the club head generally in the front to rear direction. In the illustrated example the weight channel  1912  includes two complementary sets of ribbed projections  1922  spaced apart from each other along the golf club head y-axis and located on opposite sides of the weight channel longitudinal axis  1924 . In other examples, the weight channel  1912  can include a single set of ribbed projections or more than two sets of ribbed projections  1922 , and the ribbed projections  1922  can extend across the entire width of the weight channel or any portion thereof. 
     In the illustrated example, the ribbed projections  1922  can be spaced apart along the length of the weight channel  1912  by a distance d 1 . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  48  and  49   , the weight channel  1912  can define a fastener port  1926  in the roof  1916 , which can be configured to receive a fastener  1928 . The fastener port  1926  can be closed at the top end, as in the illustrated example, or open. A closed fastener port can prevent debris from entering the interior of the club body. The fastener is thus secured to the body at the same fixed location of the fastener port  1926  regardless of the position of the weight member  1940 . 
     As noted above, the club head  1900  can comprise a weight member  1940  that has a slot  1954  through which the stationary fastener  1928  can extend to fasten the weight member  1940  to the body  1902 . The weight member  1940  can be relatively large like the weight  1240 , having a width W ( FIG.  55   ) similar to the width  1243  ( FIG.  26   ). The slot  1954  is oriented in the forward-rearward direction and defines the maximum extent of travel of the weight member  1940 . The slot  1954  can comprise a perimeter lip  1955  (also referred to as an edge or flange) recessed within the slot which the head of the fastener  1928  can contact to secure the weight in place. The fastener  1928  can contact the lip  1955  at the forward end of the slot  1954  (as shown in  FIG.  49   ) when the weight member  1940  is in its rearwardmost position and can contact the rear end of the lip of the slot when the weight is in its forwardmost position (as shown in  FIG.  51   ). 
     As best shown in  FIGS.  49 - 51   , the sole  1906  can comprise an overhang portion  1930  that at least partially covers the forward part of the weight member  1940  when the weight is in both the rearwardmost position ( FIG.  49   ) and in the forwardmost position ( FIG.  51   ) in the weight channel. The rearward part of the weight member  1940  can be exposed behind the overhang portion  1930 . The overhang portion  1930  together with the forward end portion of the weight channel  1912  can together define a weight cavity  1932  rearward of the face. Moving the weight member  1940  forward and rearward in the channel  1912  can adjust the unoccupied volume of the weight cavity  1932  which, in turn, can increase or decrease the water-displaced volume of the club head as further described below. Moving the weight member  1940  also changes the percentage of the weight member that is covered by the overhang portion  1930 . 
     The weight member  1940  can be configured in a variety of ways.  FIGS.  52  and  53    illustrate bottom and top perspective views, respectively, of a representative example of the weight member  1940 . The weight member  1940  can comprise a forward portion  1942  and a rear portion  1944 . The slot  1954  can extend generally from the forward portion  1942  to the rear portion  1944 . The sides of the weight member  1940  can also define weight-reducing side channels or slots  1946 . The dimensions of the side channels  1946  can be selected according to a specified mass of the weight member  1940  (e.g., the side channels  1946  can be relatively larger to lower the mass of the weight member  1940  and relatively smaller, or not present at all, to increase the mass of the weight member  1940 ). The lower surface of the rear portion  1944  can include a recess  1948  configured to receive a tool to aid in sliding the weight back and forth in the weight channel. The forward portion  1942  can comprise a sloped or angled front surface  1950  ( FIG.  53   ). 
     Referring to  FIGS.  53 - 55   , the upper (e.g., inward-facing) surface  1951  of the weight member  1940  can comprise a plurality of ribbed weight projections  1952  (e.g., bumps, prominences, nubs, protuberances, crests, ridges, teeth, etc.). The ribbed weight projections  1952  can be spaced apart along a y-axis of the weight member  1940 , which can be parallel to the y-axis of the club head. In the illustrated example the weight member  1940  includes two sets of ribbed weight projections  1952  on opposite sides of the slot  1954 . Referring to  FIG.  54   , the ribbed weight projections  1952  can be spaced apart by a distance d 2  (e.g., measured center to center or peak to peak). Recesses or valleys  1953  can be defined between sequential ribbed weight projections  1952 . Referring to  FIG.  55   , the weight member  1940  can have a length L measured generally in the direction of the weight channel  1912 . 
     In certain examples, the length L of the weight member  1940  is greater than the distance d 1  between sequential ribbed projections  1922  of the weight channel  1912  (e.g., L&gt;d 1 ). In certain examples, the distance d 1  between sequential ribbed projections  1922  of the weight channel  1912  is greater than or equal to the distance d 2  between sequential ribbed weight projections  1952  of the weight member  1940  (e.g., d 1 ≥d 2 ). For example, in certain examples the distance d 1  between sequential ribbed projections  1922  of the weight channel  1912  can be 100% to 600%, such as 100% to 400%, 100% to 300%, 100% to 200%, 200% to 600%, 200% to 400%, etc., of the distance d 2  between sequential ribbed weight projections  1952  of the weight member  1940 . In the illustrated example, the distance d 1  between sequential ribbed projections  1922  of the weight channel  1912  is 300% of the distance d 2  between sequential ribbed weight projections  1952  of the weight member  1940 . 
     In other examples, the weight member  1940  can include a single set of ribbed weight projections  1952 , or more than two sets of ribbed weight projections  1952 , and the ribbed weight projections  1952  can extend across any portion of the width of the weight member  1940 . When the weight member  1940  is secured at a selected location in the weight channel  1912 , the ribbed projections  1922  of the weight channel can engage the ribbed weight projections  1952  of the weight member such that they interlock (stated differently, the ribbed projections  1922  can be received in the recesses  1953  of the weight member). The ribbed projections  1922  and  1952  can be sized and shaped such that when engaged they allow little or no movement of the weight member  1940  in the front-rear direction. The engaged ribbed projections  1922  and  1952  can be particularly advantageous for preventing forward (or rearward) motion of the weight member  1940  when a striking a golf ball, and can reduce associated bending stresses on the fastener  1928 . 
       FIGS.  56 - 58    are cross-sectional views of the weight member  1940  along various axes. Referring to  FIG.  57   , in certain examples the lower surface  1958  of the weight can be curved and/or radiused. As a result, the side walls  1965  and  1967  of the weight member can define an angle θ of 0° to 20°, such as 5° to 20° or 10°. Referring to  FIGS.  56  and  58   , the weight member  1940  can be asymmetric in a front-rear direction, with the rear portion  1944  of the weight member having a greater thickness than the forward portion  1942  of the weight member. 
     Referring again to  FIG.  50   , when the weight member  1940  is at a selected position in the weight channel  1912  and the fastener  1928  is tightened, there can be a relatively small gap  1960  between the weight member  1940  and the inner surface of the overhang portion  1930 . Referring to  FIGS.  50  and  59   , the weight member  1940  can comprise a member configured as wiper  1956  (also referred to as a pad, squeegee, or seal) attached to the front surface  1950 . The wiper  1956  can be sized and shaped such that it extends beyond the lower edge of the weight member  1940 , across the gap  1960 , and contacts the inner surface of the overhang portion  1930 . The wiper  1956  can thus at least partially close the portion of the weight cavity  1932  that is forward of the weight member  1940  at any selected position along the weight channel  1912 . Closing the portion of the weight cavity  1932  forward of the weight member  1940  can reduce the open volume of the weight cavity  1932  that is in communication with the ambient. This, in turn, can reduce undesirable whistling sounds during high-speed motion of the club head such as on the backswing or during the forward swing when striking a golf ball. The wiper  1956  can also contact any or all of the inner wall surfaces of the weight cavity  1932 , and can thus reduce or prevent ingress of water and debris such as grass, dirt, etc., into the weight cavity  1932 . The wiper  1956  can be adhered to the weight member  1940 , secured with a fastener, or attached by any other attachment means. In the illustrated example, the wiper  1956  can also comprise a curved lower edge  1957  as best shown in  FIG.  59   . 
     In certain examples, the weight member  1940  can also comprise one or a plurality of compressible spacers positioned between the weight member and the roof  1916  of the weight channel  1912 . For example, referring again to  FIGS.  50 ,  59 , and  60   , the weight member  1940  can comprise a pair of compressible spacers  1962  and  1964  located on the upper (e.g., inward-facing) surface  1951  of the weight member and movable with the weight member. In the illustrated example, the compressible spacers  1962  and  1964  are located between the two sets of ribbed weight projections  1952  of the weight member  1940 . Referring to  FIG.  55   , the compressible spacers  1962  and  1964  can be positioned in respective recesses or wells  1966  and  1968  defined in the upper surface  1951  on opposite ends of the slot  1954 . 
     When assembled into the weight channel  1912 , the compressible spacers  1962  and  1964  can be positioned between the upper surface  1951  of the weight member  1940  and the roof  1916  of the weight channel. When the fastener  1928  is tightened, the compressible spacers  1962  and  1964  can be compressed between the weight member  1940  and the roof  1916  of the weight channel  1912 , thereby allowing the ribbed projections  1922  and  1952  to engage. When the fastener  1928  is loosened, the compressible spacers  1962  and  1964  can return or expand to their natural uncompressed state. Stated differently, the compressible spacers  1962  and  1964  can be compressed along the same axis as the height dimension of the ribbed projections  1922  and  1952 . 
     The material type and thickness of the compressible spacers  1962  and  1964  can be selected to achieve a specified spacing (also referred to as a gap) between the apices of the ribbed projections  1922  of the weight channel and the apices of the ribbed weight projections  1952  of the weight member  1940 . In certain examples, the specified spacing can be selected to permit the weight member  1940  to be moved within the weight channel  1912  without the ribbed projections  1922  and  1952  contacting or clashing, and thereby interfering with movement of the weight member  1940 . For example,  FIG.  61    illustrates the compressible spacer  1962  in a natural, uncompressed state having a first thickness T 1  corresponding to when the fastener  1928  is in a loosened state and the weight member  1940  can freely slide in the weight channel  1912 .  FIG.  61    also schematically shows the compressible spacer  1962  in a compressed state with a second thickness T 2  corresponding to a tightened state of the fastener  1928  when the weight member  1940  is secured in the weight channel. In certain examples, when the fastener  1928  is tightened sufficiently to lock the weight member  1940  in place and such that the ribbed projections  1922  and  1952  engage, the thickness dimension of the compressible spacers such as spacer  1962  can be reduced by 5% to 95%, such as by 5% to 60%, 5% to 50%, 5% to 40%, 5% to 30%, 5% to 20%, 10% to 60%, 10% to 50%, 10% to 40%, 10% to 30%, 10% to 20%, etc., compared to the uncompressed thickness T 1 . In certain examples, the compressible spacers  1962  and  1964  can be sized and shaped to provide a gap of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, such as 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm, 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm, etc., between peaks of the ribbed projections  1922  and  1952  when the fastener  1928  is loosened sufficiently to allow the spacers  1962  and  1964  to expanded to their natural, uncompressed state and the spacers  1962 ,  1964  are still in contact with the roof  1916  of the weight channel. In one particular example, the compressible spacers  1962  and  1964  can be sized and shaped to compress by 33% when the fastener is tightened. In one particular example, the compressible spacers  1962  and  1964  can be sized and shaped to create a gap of 0.2 mm between the peaks of the ribbed projections  1922  and  1952  when the fastener  1928  is loosened as described above. 
     An additional benefit of the compressible spacers  1962  and/or  1964  is that they can cushion and/or damp the weight member  1940 . This can reduce or eliminate undesirable noise from the weight member  1940  contacting the roof  1916  of the weight channel when striking a golf ball, particularly when the weight member  1940  is in the far rear position shown in  FIG.  49   . The compressible spacers  1962 ,  1964  can also exhibit a low coefficient of friction with the roof  1916  of the weight channel, allowing the weight member  1940  to be easily and smoothly adjusted. 
     The wiper  1956  can be rigid or non-rigid. The wiper  1956  can be made from various materials including any of a variety of polymeric materials such as polymeric foam materials including polyurethane foam (e.g., PORON®, SORBOTHANE®, etc.), natural or synthetic rubber, etc. The wiper  1956  can also comprise metallic materials, such as aluminum, steel, tungsten, titanium, etc. 
     The compressible spacers  1962  and  1964  can comprise any of a variety of natural or synthetic compressible materials, including any of the polymeric foam materials described herein (e.g., PORON®, SORBOTHANE®, etc.), natural or synthetic rubber, plastics, injection molded plastics, organic materials (e.g., wood, cork), etc. 
     In some examples, the compressible spacers  1962 ,  1964  and/or the wiper  1956  may be formed from a material having a sufficient modulus to provide some resistance to deformation such as various metals, some high modulus plastics, reinforced composites, and various other similar materials. In other examples the wiper and/or the compressible spacers may be formed of a deformable or compressible material such as various plastics, polymers, elastomers, urethanes, foams, rubbers, or combinations thereof, among other possibilities. An internal wiper may be formed of a soft durometer having a shore D rating of less than 50 and greater than shore OO hardness of 10. For example, an internal wiper or compressible space may range from a shore OO hardness of 10 to a shore A hardness of 60, whereas an external wiper (e.g.,  FIG.  69   ) may have a shore D hardness between 5 and 100 and preferably between 60 and 95 on the shore D scale. The Shore hardness is measured in accordance with the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) test D2240. 
     Other materials from which the wiper  1956  and/or the spacers  1962 ,  1964  can be made include viscoelastic elastomers; vinyl copolymers with or without inorganic fillers; polyvinyl acetate with or without mineral fillers such as barium sulfate; acrylics; polyesters; polyurethanes; polyethers; polyamides; polybutadienes; polystyrenes; polyisoprenes; polyethylenes; polyolefins; styrene/isoprene block copolymers; metallized polyesters; metallized acrylics; epoxies; epoxy and graphite composites; natural and synthetic rubbers; piezoelectric ceramics; thermoset and thermoplastic rubbers; foamed polymers; ionomers; low-density fiber glass; bitumen; silicone; and mixtures thereof. The metallized polyesters and acrylics can comprise aluminum as the metal. Commercially available materials include resilient polymeric materials such as Scotchdamp™ from 3M, Sorbothane® from Sorbothane, Inc., DYAD® and GP® from Soundcoat Company Inc., Dynamat® from Dynamat Control of North America, Inc., NoViFlex™ Sylomer® from Pole Star Maritime Group, LLC, Isoplast® from The Dow Chemical Company, and Legetolex™ from Piqua Technologies, Inc. In certain examples the wiper and/or spacer material may have a modulus of elasticity ranging from about 0.001 GPa to about 25 Gpa, and a durometer ranging from about 5 to about 95 on a Shore D scale. In other examples, gels or liquids can be used, and softer materials which are better characterized on a Shore A or other scale can be used. As noted above, the Shore D hardness on a polymer is measured in accordance with the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) test D2240. In a particular example, the wiper  1956  and the spacers  1962 ,  1964  can comprise a microcellular urethane such as a PORON® foam having a compressible force deflection of 2 psi to 200 psi at 25% deflection, such as 100 psi to 150 psi or 130 psi at 25% deflection. 
     Referring to  FIG.  62   , in certain examples the weight channel  1912  can be straight (e.g., not curved). In certain examples, the weight channel  1912  can be parallel or substantially parallel to the ground plane when the golf club head is in a normal address position. In other examples, the weight channel  1912  can be angled relative to the ground plane when the club head is at a normal address position. For example, in certain examples the weight channel  1912  (and thus the weight channel longitudinal axis  1924 ) can be sloped upwardly (or downwardly) in a direction from the rear portion of the club head toward the face.  FIG.  62    illustrates a portion of the roof  1916  of the weight channel  1912  forming an angle α with a ground plane  1970  (and/or with an x-y plane). In certain examples, the angle α can be 1° to 30°, such as 2° to 30°, 2° to 20°, 2° to 15°, 5° to 30°, 5° to 20°, 5° to 15°, etc. In the illustrated example, the angle α can be 10°. 
     In certain examples, the weight channel longitudinal axis  1924  can be parallel or approximately parallel to a face normal axis through center face (also referred to as a neutral axis) of the club head or a CG projection axis of the club head. As used here, “approximately parallel” means within ±5° of the neutral axis or the CG projection axis. In certain examples, the weight channel  1912  can be offset below the neutral axis (e.g., in a direction toward a ground plane). 
     Referring again to  FIG.  49   , the club head  1900  can have a length dimension L 2  in the front-rear direction (e.g., measured along the y-axis). In certain examples, the length dimension L 1  of the weight member  1940  ( FIG.  55   ) as measured along the y-axis can be 20% to 90% of the length L 2  of the golf club head as measured along the y-axis, such as 30% to 80%, 30% to 70%, 30% to 60%, 30% to 50%, 40% to 90%, 40% to 80%, 40% to 70%, 40% to 60%, 50% to 90%, 50% to 80%, 50% to 70%, 50% to 60%, etc., of the length L 2  of the golf club head. 
     The outward-facing surface of the roof  1916  of the weight channel  1912  can have a length dimension L 3 , which can be a path length of the weight channel. Where the weight channel  1912  is sloped, the length L 3  can be measured at an angle to the y-axis and/or to the ground plane as described above. In certain examples, the length L 3  of the roof  1916  of the weight channel  1912  can be 30% to 90% of the length L 2  of the club head, such as 30% to 80%, 30% to 70%, 30% to 60%, 30% to 50%, 40% to 90%, 40% to 80%, 40% to 70%, 40% to 60%, 50% to 90%, 50% to 80%, 50% to 70%, 60% to 90%, 60% to 80%, etc., of the length L 2  of the club head. 
     In certain examples, a total mass of the club head  1900  can be 125 g to 260 g, such as 180 g to 250 g, 190 g to 230 g, 200 g to 230 g, 200 g to 220 g, 210 g to 260 g, 210 g to 255 g, etc. In one particular example, the total mass of the club head is 216 g. 
     In certain examples, the body  1902  can be formed from a first material such as a titanium alloy, steel, or any of the other body materials described herein. The weight member  1940  can comprise a second material, such as any of various metals. For example, the weight member  1940  can comprise a relatively high density metal such as steel or tungsten, or a lower density metal such as aluminum or titanium alloys. In the illustrated example the weight member  1940  is a unitary body comprising a single material (e.g., steel). However, in other examples the weight member  1940  can comprise a plurality of different materials of different density. For example, the forward and/or rear portions of the weight member can comprise higher density materials than the center portion. The front and/or rear portions of the weight member can also include recesses, pockets, and/or inclusions containing a relatively higher density material than the surrounding material of the weight (e.g., tungsten members embedded in a steel body). The weight member can also comprise a lower density frame (e.g., a plastic or fiber-reinforced polymer frame) which contains or houses one or more pieces of higher density material such as steel or tungsten. 
     In certain examples, a mass of the weight member  1940  can be 10 g to 110 g, such as 10 g to 80 g, 10 g to 70 g, 10 g to 60 g, 10 g to 50 g, 10 g to 40 g, 10 g to 30 g, 10 g to 20 g, 20 g to 80 g, 20 g to 70 g, 20 g to 60 g, 20 g to 50 g, 20 g to 40 g, 20 g to 30 g, 30 g to 80 g, 30 g to 70 g, 30 g to 60 g, 30 g to 50 g, 30 g to 40 g, 40 g to 80 g, 40 g to 70 g, 40 g to 60 g, 40 g to 50 g, 50 g to 80 g, 50 g to 70 g, 50 g to 60 g, etc. In a particular example, the weight member  1940  comprises steel and has a mass of 50 g. Thus, in certain examples the weight member  1940  can be 4% to 50% of the total mass of the club head, such as 4% to 45%, 4% to 40%, 4% to 30%, 4% to 20%, 4% to 10%, 5% to 50%, 5% to 45%, 5% to 40%, 5% to 30%, 5% to 20%, 5% to 10%, 10% to 50%, 10% to 45%, 10% to 40%, 10% to 35%, 10% to 30%, 10% to 20%, etc., of the total mass of the club head. In one particular example, the weight member  1940  is 23% of the total mass of the club head. 
     As noted above, the weight member  1940  can be movable within the weight channel  1912  to change the mass properties and handling characteristics of the golf club head.  FIGS.  49 ,  50 , and  51    illustrate the weight member  1940  in a rear position, a center position, and a forward position, respectively. In certain examples, the weight member  1940  can be movable to a plurality of discrete positions within the weight channel, such as 3 or more positions, 5 or more positions, 8 or more positions, 3 positions to 12 positions, 3 positions to 10 positions, 3 positions to 9 positions, 3 positions to 6 positions, etc. In certain examples the distance increment between positions of the weight member  1940  can be equal or substantially equal to the spacing d 2  between sequential ribbed weight projections  1952 . In certain examples, the distance d 2  can be 1 mm to 5 mm, 1 mm to 4 mm, 1 mm to 3 mm, 2 mm to 5 mm, 2 mm to 4 mm, 2 mm to 3 mm, etc. In one particular example, the ribbed weight projections  1952  can be spaced apart by 2.67 mm. 
     In certain examples, the total travel distance of the weight member  1940  within the weight channel  1912  (e.g., the distance the weight travels from the rearmost position in  FIG.  49    to the forwardmost position in  FIG.  51   ) can be 5 mm to 40 mm, such as 10 mm to 40 mm, 10 mm to 30 mm, 10 mm to 25 mm, etc. In a particular example, the total travel distance of the weight member can be 21.4 mm. 
     In certain examples, the golf club head  1900  can be configured as a fairway-type club head having a water-displaced volume V Club head  of 100 cc to 320 cc, such as 100 cc to 300 cc, 120 cc to 300 cc, 120 cc to 280 cc, 150 cc to 250 cc, 130 cc to 190 cc, 125 cc to 240 cc, or any of the other fairway-type club head volumes given herein. In certain examples, the weight member  1940  can have a water-displaced volume V weight  of 1 cc to 10 cc, such as 2 cc to 10 cc, 3 cc to 10 cc, 2 cc to 8 cc, 3 cc to 8 cc, etc. In a particular example the weight member  1940  can have a water-displaced volume of 6.4 cc. In a particular example, the club head  1900  can have a total club head volume of 168 cc. 
     Thus, in certain examples a ratio of the water-displaced volume V weight  of the weight member  1940  to the water-displaced volume V Club head  of the club head 
     
       
         
           
             1900 
             ⁢ 
             
               ( 
               
                 
                   V 
                   Weight 
                 
                 
                   V 
                   
                     Club 
                     ⁢ 
                        
                     head 
                   
                 
               
               ) 
             
           
         
       
     
     can De 0.0033 to 0.033, 0.0033 to 0.06, such as 0.004 to 0.04, 0.0052 to 0.0667, 0.01 to 0.031, 0.01 to 0.038, 0.01 to 0.05, etc. 
     As described above with reference to the golf club heads  400 ,  500 ,  1100 , and  1200 , the location of the weight member on a golf club head can be approximated by its coordinates on the head origin coordinate system. 
     As described above, in certain examples of the golf club head  1900  described herein the weight channel  1912  extends generally from a front end oriented toward the face  1908  to a rear end oriented at or near the rear portion  1910 . As a result, the weight member  1940  that is slidably retained within the weight channel  1912  is capable of a relatively large amount of adjustment in the direction of the y-axis, while having a relatively small or no amount of adjustment in the direction of the x-axis. In some alternative examples, the front end and rear end of the weight channel  1912  may be located at varying distances along the x-axis, such as having the front end further toeward or heelward than the rear end. In these alternative examples, the weight member  1940  can be capable of a relatively larger amount of adjustment in the direction of the x-axis in addition to adjustment in the direction of the y-axis. 
     For example, in some embodiments of a golf club head  1900  having a weight member  1940  that is adjustably positioned within a weight channel  1912 , the weight member  1940  can have an origin x-axis coordinate between −25 mm and 25 mm. In examples in which the weight channel is angled such that the front position is more toeward and the heel position is more heelward, the weight member can have an origin x-axis coordinate between −45 mm and about 60 mm, such as between 0 mm to 50 mm, 0 mm to 40 mm, 0 mm to 30 mm, 0 mm to 20 mm, 0 mm to 10 mm, etc. 
     On the other hand, in some embodiments of the golf club head  1900  having a weight member  1940  that is adjustably positioned within a weight channel  1912 , the weight member  1940  can have an origin y-axis coordinate between 5 mm and 100 mm, such as 10 mm to 90 mm, 12 mm and 82 mm, etc. More specifically, in certain embodiments, the weight member  1940  can have an origin y-axis coordinate between 20 mm and 50 mm, between 20 mm and 45 mm, or between 25 mm and 45 mm, or between 20 mm and 40 mm, or between 25 mm and 40 mm, or between 25 mm and 35 mm. Thus, in some embodiments, the weight  1940  is provided with a maximum y-axis adjustment range (Max Δy) that is 5 mm to 95 mm, such as 10 mm to 80 mm, 10 mm to 70 mm, 10 mm to 60 mm, 10 mm to 50 mm, 10 mm to 40 mm, 10 mm to 30 mm, less than 100 mm, such as less than 80 mm, such as less than 70 mm, such as less than 60 mm, such as less than 50 mm, such as less than 30 mm. 
     In some embodiments, a golf club head can be configured to have a constraint relating to the relative distances that the weight assembly can be adjusted in the origin x-direction and origin y-direction. Such a constraint can be defined as the maximum y-axis adjustment range (Max Δy) divided by the maximum x-axis adjustment range (Max Δx). In examples where there is no adjustability along the x-axis (e.g., Max Δx=0) then the ratio may not be defined. Where the track is angled (e.g., more toeward at the front and more heelward at the back or vice versa), the value of the ratio of (Max Δy)/(Max Δx) can be between 0 and 1.6 for Max Δy=80 mm and Max Δx=50 mm. In specific examples, the value of the ratio of (Max Δy)/(Max Δx) is between 0 and 70, or between 0 and 7, or between 0 and 3.5. 
     In certain examples, a golf club head can be configured to have constraints relating to the product of the mass of the weight member and the relative distances that the weight member can be adjusted in the origin x-direction and/or origin y-direction. One such constraint can be defined as the mass of the weight member (Mw) multiplied by the maximum x-axis adjustment range (Max Δx). According to some embodiments, the value of the product of Mw×(Max Δx) can be 0 g·mm to 5000 g·mm. In specific examples, the value of the product of Mw×(Max Δx) can be 0 g·mm to 3500 g·mm, 0 g·mm to 1000 g·mm, 0 g·mm to 650 g·mm, 10 g·mm to 3500 g·mm, 10 g·mm to 1000 g·mm, 10 g·mm to 650 g·mm, 50 g·mm to 3500 g·mm, 50 g·mm to 1000 g·mm, 50 g·mm to 650 g·mm, 200 g·mm to 1000 g·mm, etc. 
     Another constraint relating to the product of the mass of the weight member or weight assembly and the relative distances that the weight can be adjusted in the origin x-direction and/or origin y-direction can be defined as the mass of the weight member and/or weight assembly (Mw) multiplied by the maximum y-axis adjustment range (Max Δy). According to some embodiments, the value of the product of Mw×(Max Δy) can be 0 g·mm to 6000 g·mm. In specific embodiments, the value of the product of Mw×(Max Δy) can be 0 g·mm to 5600 g·mm, such as 0 g·mm to 5000 g·mm, 0 g·mm to 4000 g·mm, 0 g·mm and to 3000 g·mm, 0 g·mm to 2000 g·mm, 0 g·mm 1000 g·mm, 0 g·mm to 500 g·mm, 50 g·mm to 5600 g·mm, 50 g·mm to 5000 g·mm, 50 g·mm to 4000 g·mm, 50 g·mm to 3000 g·mm, 50 g·mm to 2000 g·mm, 50 g·mm to 1000 g·mm, 50 g·mm to 500 g·mm, 1000 g·mm to 5600 g·mm, 1000 g·mm to 5000 g·mm, 1000 g·mm to 4000 g·mm, 1000 g·mm to 3000 g·mm, 1000 g·mm to 2000 g·mm, 2400 g·mm to 4800 g·mm, etc. 
     As noted above, one advantage obtained with a golf club head having a slidably repositionable weight member is in providing the end user of the golf club with the capability to adjust the location of the CG of the club head over a range of locations relating to the position of the repositionable weight. In particular, the present inventors have found that there is a distance advantage to providing a center of gravity of the club head that is lower and more forward relative to comparable golf clubs that do not include a weight member such as the weight member  1940  described herein. 
     In some examples, the golf club head  1900  has a CG with a head origin x-axis coordinate (CGx) between −4 mm and 9 mm, such as between −3 mm and 8 mm, such as between −2 mm to 5 mm, or −3 mm to 3 mm. In some embodiments, the golf club head  1900  has a CG with a head origin y-axis coordinate (CGy) greater than 15 mm and less than 50 mm, such as between 22 mm and 43 mm, such as between 24 mm and 40 mm, such as between 26 mm and 35 mm, or between 22 mm and 34 mm. In some embodiments, the golf club head  1900  has a CG with a head origin z-axis coordinate (CGz) greater than −9 mm and less than 3 mm, such as between −6 mm and 0 mm. In some embodiments, the golf club head  1900  has a CG with a head origin z-axis coordinate (CGz) that is less than 0 mm, such as less than −2 mm, such as less than −4 mm, such as less than −5 mm, such as less than −6 mm. 
     As described herein, by repositioning the weight member  1940  within the weight channel  1912 , the location of the CG of the club head can be adjusted. For example, in some embodiments of a golf club head  1900  having a weight member  1940  that is adjustably positioned within a channel  1912 , such as a channel  1912  angled so that is more toeward at the front and more heelward at the rear, the club head can be provided with a maximum CGx adjustment range (Max ΔCGx) attributable to the repositioning of the weight member  1940  that is greater than 1 mm, such as greater than 2 mm, such as greater than 4 mm, such as greater than 6 mm, such as greater than 8 mm, such as greater than 10 mm, such as greater than 11 mm, −4 mm to 4 mm, −3 mm to 3 mm, −1.5 mm to 1.5 mm, or −0.5 mm to 0.5 mm. Where the weight channel  1912  extends only along the y-axis with no deviation along the x-axis, the CGx location may not change appreciably with repositioning of the weight member. 
     Moreover, in some embodiments of the golf club head  1900  having a weight member  1940  that is adjustably positioned within a channel  1912 , the club head is provided with a CGy adjustment range (Max ΔCGy) that is 1 mm to 10 mm, such as 1 mm to 8 mm, 1 mm to 6 mm, 1 mm to 5 mm, 2 mm to 8 mm, 2 mm to 6 mm, 3 mm to 8 mm, 3 mm to 6 mm, etc. In particular examples of the golf club head  1900  having a weight member  1940  with a mass of 50 g, the CGy adjustment range Max ΔCGy can be 4.9 mm. 
     In certain examples, CGz does not change as the weight member  1940  is moved. 
     In some embodiments, a golf club head can be configured to have a constraint relating to the relative amounts that the CG is able to be adjusted in the origin x-direction and origin y-direction. Such a constraint can be defined as the maximum CGy adjustment range (Max ΔCGy) divided by the maximum CGx adjustment range (Max ΔCGx). According to some embodiments, the value of the ratio of (Max ΔCGy)/(Max ΔCGx) is between 0 and 3. In specific examples, the value of the ratio of (Max ΔCGy)/(Max ΔCGx) can be between 0 and about 2.67, between 0 and 2, between 0 and 1, or between 0 and about 0.5. 
     In some embodiments, a golf club head can be configured such that only one of the above constraints apply. In other embodiments, a golf club head can be configured such that more than one of the above constraints apply. In still other embodiments, a golf club head can be configured such that all of the above constraints apply. 
     The moment of inertia of the club head about the x-axis (Ixx) and the moment of inertia of the club head about the z-axis (Izz) can also change as the weight is adjusted. For example, for a golf club head having a volume between 80 cm 3  and 220 cm 3  Ixx can vary from 80 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the forwardmost position to 260 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the rearmost position, such as 90 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the forwardmost position to 220 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the rearmost position, 95 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the forwardmost position to 155 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the rearmost position, 90 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the forwardmost position to 120 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the rearmost position etc. Izz can vary from 180 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the forwardmost position to 420 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the rearmost position, such as 190 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the forwardmost position to 375 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the rearmost position, 200 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the forwardmost position to 330 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the rearmost position, 205 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the forwardmost position to 285 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the rearmost position, etc. Total inertia (Ixx+Izz) can vary from 300 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the forwardmost position to 680 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the rearmost position, such as 415 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the forwardmost position to 625 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the rearmost position, or 305 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the forwardmost position to 395 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the rearmost position, etc. Total inertia can thus increase by 20 kg·mm 2  to 175 kg·mm 2 , such as by 30 kg·mm 2  to 175 kg·mm 2 , 55 kg·mm 2  to 175 kg·mm 2 , 30 kg·mm 2  to 150 kg·mm 2 , 35 kg·mm 2  to 150 kg·mm 2 , 45 kg·mm 2  to 150 kg·mm 2 , 20 kg·mm 2  to 135 kg·mm 2 , 30 kg·mm 2  to 135 kg·mm 2 , 35 kg·mm 2  to 135 kg·mm 2 , 45 kg·mm 2  to 135 kg·mm 2 , 20 kg·mm 2  to 105 kg·mm 2 , 30 kg·mm 2  to 105 kg·mm 2 , 35 kg·mm 2  to 105 kg·mm 2 , 45 kg·mm 2  105 kg·mm 2 , 75 kg·mm 2  105 kg·mm 2 , 45 kg·mm 2  to 85 kg·mm 2 , 65 kg·mm 2  to 95 kg·mm 2 , etc. 
     For example, for a golf club head having a volume between 230 cm 3  and 350 cm 3  Ixx can vary from 195 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the forwardmost position to 360 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the rearmost position. Izz can vary from 315 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the forwardmost position to 450 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the rearmost position. Total inertia (Ixx+Izz) can vary from 510 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the forwardmost position to 810 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the rearmost position, such as 575 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the forwardmost position to 675 kg·mm 2  with the weight at the rearmost position. Preferably moving a weight from a forward position to a rearward position in the case of slidable weight or interchanging a forward weight with a rearward weight preferably increases the total inertia from a first position to a second position by at least 60 kg·mm 2  and up to 300 kg·mm 2 , such as by 70 kg·mm 2  to 270 kg·mm 2 , 70 kg·mm 2  to 150 kg·mm 2 , 70 kg·mm 2  to 135 kg·mm 2 , 60 kg·mm 2  to 135 kg·mm 2 , 60 kg·mm 2  to 115 kg·mm 2 , 60 kg·mm 2  to 105 kg·mm 2 , 75 kg·mm 2  to 135 kg·mm 2 , etc. 
     As with the club heads described elsewhere herein the club head  1900  can have a projected center of gravity “CG projection” or “balance point up” (referred to as BP Up) on the face  1908  that is determined by an imaginary line passing through the center of gravity (CG) and oriented normal to the face  1908  (see  FIG.  1 B ). In certain examples, BP Up of the club head  1900  can vary between 16 mm to 26 mm when the weight member  1940  is moved from the rearmost position of the weight channel  1912  to the forwardmost position in the weight channel, such as 17 mm to 25 mm, 18 mm to 25 mm, 19 mm to 25 mm, 20 mm to 25 mm, 21 mm to 25 mm, 22 mm to 25 mm, 17 mm to 24 mm, 18 mm to 24 mm, 19 mm to 24 mm, 20 mm to 24 mm, 21 mm to 24 mm, 22 mm to 24 mm, 17 mm to 23 mm, 18 mm to 23 mm, 19 mm to 23 mm, 20 mm to 23 mm, 21 mm to 23 mm, 22 mm to 23 mm, 17 mm to 22.5 mm, 18 mm to 22.5 mm, 19 mm to 22.5 mm, 20 mm to 22.5 mm, 16 mm to 21 mm, 16 mm to 20 mm, 16 mm to 19.5 mm, 16 mm to 19 mm, 17 mm to 21 mm, 17 mm to 20 mm, 17 mm to 19.5 mm, 17 mm to 19 mm, 17 mm to 22 mm, 18 mm to 22 mm, 19 mm to 22 mm, 20 mm to 22 mm, no more than 24 mm, no more than 23.5 mm, no more than 23 mm, no more than 22.5 mm, or no more than 22 mm. Stated differently, moving the weight member  1940  from the forward position (e.g., wherein at least a portion of the weight member is forward of the CG) to rear position (e.g., wherein at least a portion of the weight member is rearward of the CG) can change (e.g., increase) BP Up of the club head  1900  by 0.5 mm to 5 mm, such as 0.5 mm to 4 mm, 0.5 mm to 3 mm, 0.8 mm to 5 mm, 0.8 mm to 4 mm, 0.8 mm to 3 mm, etc. In certain examples, when the weight member is in the rear position BP UP of the club head  1900  can be no more than 24 mm, and when the weight member is in the forward position BP Up of the club head can be no less than 16 mm. 
     As noted in the examples above, Delta 1 is a measure of how far rearward in the golf club head body the CG is located (see, e.g.,  FIG.  1 B  and  FIG.  79   ). More specifically, Delta 1 is the distance between the CG and the hosel axis along the y axis (in the direction straight toward the back of the body of the golf club from the geometric center of the striking face). As noted above, smaller values of Delta 1 can result in a lower projected CG on the golf club head face and closer to the geometric center of the face. Thus, for embodiments of the disclosed golf club heads in which the projected CG on the ball striking club face is lower than the geometric center, reducing Delta 1 can lower the projected CG and increase the distance between the geometric center and the projected CG. Note also that a lower projected CG can promote a higher launch and a reduction in backspin due to the z-axis gear effect. Thus, in some cases relatively lower Delta 1 values can reduce the amount of backspin on the golf ball resulting in a high launch, low spin trajectory. In certain examples, Delta 1 of the club head  1900  can be from 10 mm to 22 mm, such as 10 mm to 20 mm, 11 mm to 20 mm, 12 mm to 20 mm, 13 mm to 20 mm, etc. In a particular example, Delta 1 of the club head  1900  can change by 1 mm to 10 mm between the forward and rear positions of the weight member, such as by 2 mm to 10 mm, 2 mm to 8 mm, 2 mm to 7 mm, 3 mm to 10 mm, 3 mm to 8 mm, 3 mm to 7 mm, etc. 
     In certain examples, the golf club head  1900  can have a peak crown height (e.g., a crown apex)  1911  measured relative to the ground plane along the z-axis of 20 mm to 60 mm, such as 25 mm to 55 mm, 30 mm to 55 mm, 30 mm to 50 mm, 30 mm to 45 mm, etc. 
     Table 6 below provides values for various properties of the golf club head  1900  with a total mass of 216 g, a weight member  1940  with a mass of 50 g, and with the weight member  1940  in the rear, center, and forward positions in the weight channel. In Table 6, Cfy is the distance from the center face location to a plane defined by the hosel axis along the y-axis of the club head. The backspin, ball speed, and carry distance parameters are normalized from test data. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Value in Exemplary Golf Club Head 1900 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Forward to 
               
               
                 Property 
                 Forward 
                 Center 
                 Rear 
                 Rear Delta 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 CGy (Cfy + Delta 1) (mm) 
                 25.6 
                 28.1 
                 30.5 
                 4.9 
               
               
                 CGz (mm) 
                 −5.7 
                 −5.7 
                 −5.7 
                 0.0 
               
               
                 Cgx (mm) 
                 0.3 
                 0.3 
                 0.3 
                 0.0 
               
               
                 Zup (mm) 
                 13.8 
                 13.8 
                 13.8 
                 0.0 
               
               
                 Delta 1 (mm) 
                 13.5 
                 16 
                 18.4 
                 4.9 
               
               
                 Balance Point Up (BP Up) 
                 20 
                 20.7 
                 21.4 
                 1.4 
               
               
                 (mm) 
               
               
                 Ixx (kg · mm 2 ) 
                 101 
                 114 
                 136 
                 35 
               
               
                 Izz (kg · mm 2 ) 
                 214 
                 227 
                 249 
                 35 
               
               
                 Total Inertia (Ixx + Izz) 
                 315 
                 341 
                 385 
                 70 
               
               
                 (kg · mm 2 ) 
               
               
                 Backspin (rpm) 
                 3398 
                 3580 
                 3719 
                 321 
               
               
                 Ball speed (mph) 
                 147.6 
                 147.5 
                 147 
                 −0.6 
               
               
                 Carry Distance 
                 223.5 
                 222.8 
                 222.1 
                 −1.4 
               
               
                 Total Distance 
                 260.9 
                 257 
                 254.9 
                 −6 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In certain examples, the dynamic loft of the club head can increase or decrease by 1 degree for every 5 mm of CGy movement. Thus, for the club head  1900  described herein the dynamic loft can be adjusted by 1 degree by moving the weight from the rearmost position to the forwardmost position or vice versa. 
     In certain examples, as the weight member  1940  is adjusted through the eight separate positions within the weight channel  1912  the CG can be adjusted along the y-axis. In certain examples, CGy can be 25.6 mm near the front, 28.1 mm at the center, and 30.5 mm near the rear, providing a Max ΔCGy of 4.9 mm, and an average CGy step of 0.612 mm for each position. In certain examples the range of adjustment for CGy can be up to 9 mm, such as 3 mm to 9 mm, 3 mm to 8 mm, 3 mm to 7 mm, 3 mm to 6 mm, 3 mm to 5 mm, 2 mm to 9 mm, 2 mm to 8 mm, 2 mm to 7 mm, 2 mm to 6 mm, etc. 
       FIGS.  62 - 67    illustrate additional examples of weights that can be used with the club head  1900 . As noted above, the mass of the weight member  1940  can be adjusted by changing the size, shape, and/or depth of the side channels  1946 .  FIGS.  63  and  64    illustrate an example of a weight member  1940  with channels  1946  having an increased length and depth.  FIGS.  65  and  66    illustrate a “light weight” version of the weight member  1940  with increased length side channels  1946  that extend along nearly the entire length of the weight.  FIG.  67    illustrates a relatively higher mass example of a weight member  1940  which does not include side channels. 
     In certain examples, the interior surface(s) of the sole  1906  can comprise one or a plurality of stiffening members referred to herein as ribs that are sized, shaped, and positioned to reinforce the body  1902  and/or to improve the acoustic qualities of the club head (e.g., to give the club head a first vibration mode frequency within a specified frequency range).  FIG.  68    illustrates the interior of the club head  1900  with the crown insert removed. In the illustrated example the sole  1906  can comprise ribs  1972  and  1974  extending outwardly from the weight channel  1912  generally in the heel and toe direction. The rib  1972  can be positioned on the heelward side of the weight channel  1912 . The height of the rib  1972  can increase moving in the toeward direction toward the sidewall of the weight channel  1912 . The rib  1974  can be aligned with the rib  1972  along the y-axis of the club head, and can also have a height that increases in the heelward direction toward the weight channel  1912 . 
     The club head interior surface  1976  of the weight channel  1912  (e.g., of the roof  1916 ) inside the club head body  1902  can comprise a plurality of ribs emanating from the fastener port  1926 . Two ribs  1978  and  1980  can extend from opposite sides of the fastener port  1926  generally along the y-axis of the club head, with the rib  1978  being forward of the fastener port and the rib  1980  being rearward of the fastener port. The heights of the ribs  1978  and  1980  can increase moving in a direction toward the fastener port  1926 . Petal-shaped ribs  1982  and  1984  can extend from the fastener port  1926  in the forward and rearward directions, respectively. Referring to the rib  1982  for purposes of illustration, the rib  1982  can include a first rib portion  1982 A and a second rib portion  1982 B. The first and second rib portions  1982 A and  1982 B can extend away from the fastener port  1926  generally in a direction toward the face  1908  and can have a curved shape. The rib portions  1982 A and  1982 B can be interconnected by a third rib portion  1982 C also having a curved shape and oriented such that the concavity of the third rib portion  1982 C faces toward the fastener port  1926 . The heights of the first and second rib portions  1982 A and  1982 B can decrease moving along the ribs in a direction away from the fastener port  1926 . The height of the third rib portion  1982 C can increase to an apex midway along its length. The rib  1978  can extend between the rib portions  1982 A and  1982 B and can intersect (e.g., bisect) the rib portion  1982 C. 
     The rib  1984  can be configured similarly to the rib  1982  but on the rearward side of the fastener port  1926  in a mirror image of the rib  1982 . Together the ribs  1982  and  1984  can form an hourglass shape on the roof  1916  of the weight channel  1912  with the fastener port  1926  at the waist. Two ribs  1986  and  1988  can extend in the x-axis direction parallel to the ribs  1972  and  1974  and aligned with the ribs  1972  and  1974  along the y-axis. In certain examples the ribs as described herein can strengthen the weight channel. This can reduce the tendency of the weight to separate from the channel when striking a golf ball, particularly when the weight is positioned toward the rear of the weight channel. This can reduce undesirable noise, particularly for “thin” shots where the ball is struck low on the face. 
     Referring to  FIG.  69   , the weight channel  1912  can also comprise a raised forward edge with two tabs  1913  extending upwardly at an angle from the forward end of the roof  1916 . The forward edge (e.g., the rear-facing edge)  1915  of the forward sole slot  1914  can also comprise a plurality of tabs  1917  extending rearwardly. One of the tabs  1917  of the forward sole slot  1914  can be received in a recess defined between the tabs  1913  of the weight channel  1912 . The toeward end portion  1919  of the forward sole slot  1914  can also curve rearwardly following the general contour of the face. 
     In certain examples, the wiper can be attached to the body and can be stationary relatively to the sliding weight member. For example,  FIGS.  70  and  71    show an example of a golf club head  2000 , which can be configured similarly to the golf club head  1900  except that a wiper  2002  can be releasably inserted and secured in a slot  2004  defined in the sole  2006  of the club head. In the illustrated example, the slot  2004  is defined in the overhang portion  2012  of the sole  2006 . The wiper  2002  can comprise a base  2008  and a blade  2010  extending from the base. Thus, when the blade  2010  of the wiper  2002  is inserted through the slot  2004 , the blade can extend into the weight cavity and can contact the lower surface of the weight  2014  (and/or an angled front surface of the weight) as the weight moves back and forth in the weight channel. In certain examples, the base  2008  can be flush with the sole. 
     In addition to or in lieu of the compressible spacers  1962  and  1964 , the weight channel  1912  can comprise one or a plurality of compressible spacers attached to the roof  1916  of the weight channel. For example, one or a plurality of compressible spacers can be attached to the roof  1916  of the weight channel forward and rearward of the fastener port  1926 . Further, in other examples the forward compressible spacer  1962  or the rear compressible spacer  1964  may be omitted. In yet other examples, the weight member  1940  can comprise a single compressible spacer member that surrounds the slot  1954 . 
     In certain examples, the product of the distance between at least two weight positions (e.g., the forwardmost position and the rearmost position of the weight member), the maximum mass of the weight member, the maximum loft change, and the change of Delta 1 (e.g., between the forwardmost position and the rearmost position of the weight member) can be from 2250 mm 2 ·g·deg and 72,000 mm 2 ·g·deg, such as 4250 mm 2 ·g·deg and 56,000 mm 2 ·g·deg, 11000 mm 2 ·g·deg and about 54,000 mm 2 ·g·deg, 15000 mm 2 ·g·deg and 42,000 mm 2 ·g·deg, 9000 mm 2 ·g·deg and 14,500 mm 2 ·g·deg, 17,500 mm 2 ·g·deg and 31,500 mm 2 ·g·deg, 16000 mm 2 ·g·deg and 36,900 mm 2 ·g·deg. In other words, in certain embodiments, the golf club head satisfies the following expressions in Equations 8-11. Notably, the maximum loft change may vary between 2-4 degrees, and the preferred embodiment having a maximum loft change of 4 degrees or +2 degrees. 
       2250 mm 2 ·g·degrees&lt; Dfr·Mw ·Δloft·Delta 1&lt;72,000 mm 2 ·g·degrees  (8)
 
       11000 mm 2 ·g·degrees&lt; Dfr·Mw ·Δloft·Delta 1&lt;54,000 mm 2 ·g·degrees  (9)
 
       9000 mm 2 ·g·degrees&lt; Dfr·Mw ·Δloft·Delta 1&lt;14,500 mm 2 ·g·degrees  (10)
 
       16000 mm 2 ·g·degrees&lt; Dfr·Mw ·Δloft·Delta 1&lt;36,900 mm 2 ·g·degrees  (11)
 
     In the above expressions, Dfr is the total travel distance of the weight member between the front and rear positions in the weight channel (mm), Mw is the mass of the weight member (g), Δloft is the maximum loft change (degrees) between at least two sleeve positions, and Delta 1 is the distance from the hosel axis to the center of gravity of the club head along the y-axis. A golf club head within the ranges described above can provide improved trajectory adjustability. 
     As noted above, the weight channel  1912  can be angled relative to the ground plane.  FIG.  72    schematically illustrates an example of the golf club head  1900  wherein the weight channel  1912  is sloped downwardly in the front to rear direction. The weight channel  1912  can also be angled in the opposite direction.  FIG.  73    schematically illustrates another example of the golf club head  1900  in which the weight channel  1912  is sloped upwardly in the front to rear direction. This can allow for a weight shape that concentrates a greater proportion of the mass of the weight member forward. This configuration can also result in a greater change in backspin between the front and rear positions of the weight member. 
     In certain examples, the weight channel longitudinal axis  1924  can form an angle of −30° to 30° with the ground plane  1970 , such as −20° to 20°, −10° to 10°, −5° to 5°, 0° to 30°, 0° to 20°, 0° to 10°, 1° to 30°, 1° to 20°, 1° to 10°, 2° to 10°, 1° to 5°, 2° to 5°, etc.  FIG.  72    also shows the approximate locations of the CG  1971 , the CG projection axis  1973 , the CG projection  1975  on the face, the face normal axis  1977 , and the center face location  1979 . Some of the configurations discussed herein may result in the weight member being higher in the rear position, which may further raise the CG projection  1975  on the face. Increasing the height of the CG projection  1975  on the face can provide an increase in backspin between the front and rear positions without adjusting the FCT system loft sleeve (which also alters face angle and/or lie angle). 
     In  FIG.  72    and/or  FIG.  73   , the forward end wall of the weight channel can be vertical (e.g., parallel to the z-axis), angled forward (e.g., such that upper end of the forward end wall is closer to the face than the lower end), or angled rearward (e.g., such that the lower end of the forward end wall is closer to the face than the upper end). The forward end of the weight member could have a corresponding shape, which in certain examples can locate more face forward. 
     Angling the weight channel as described above can permit adjustment of the CGz location by moving the weight member to different positions in the weight channel. In certain examples, the angled weight channels described herein can provide a CGz adjustment of −4 mm to 4 mm, such as −2 mm to 2 mm, −1.5 mm to 1.5 mm, −1 mm to 1 mm, etc., depending on the angle of the weight channel. Angling the weight channel upward in the front to rear direction as in  FIG.  73    would increase CGz and Zup as the weight member is moved rearward, which would increase backspin. Moving the weight member rearward would also increase the moment of inertia about the x-axis Ixx and the moment of inertia about the z-axis Izz. Having Zup increase as the weight member moves rearward in the weight channel would also reduce the tendency for the weight member to contact grass or the ground and interfere with a player&#39;s swing. 
     In other examples, the weight channel  1912  can be curved in the front to rear direction (e.g., curved in the x-y plane, and/or sloped upwardly or downwardly in the front-rear direction). The weight channel  1912  can also be curved in the heel to toe direction (e.g., as in  FIG.  2 A ). 
     The golf club heads  1900  and  2000  configured as described herein can provide a number of significant advantages over existing club heads. For example, as described above with reference to Table 6, the club head  1900  can provide a player the ability to adjust a variety of properties of the club head to match their playing style. For example, by moving the weight member  1940  the player can adjust the CG location (e.g., CGy, and CGz if the weight channel is angled relative to the ground plane), the moment of inertia (MOI), the balance point up (BP Up), the dynamic loft, and/or the spin rate. As noted in Table 6, the forward position of the weight member  1940  can be a “low spin” position in which the club head exhibits a relatively lower backspin rate than the “high spin” rear position of the weight member  1940 . In certain examples, when the weight member  1940  is in the forwardmost position, there is less gear effect and consequently less spin on a center face strike. When the weight is in the rearmost position, the club head CG projects higher on the face (e.g., BP Up is higher), resulting in more gear effect and higher spin. In certain examples, the sliding weight member can adjust the spin of the club head by 300 rpm or more between the forward and rear positions. The total inertia (Ixx+Izz) can also increase by 70 kg·mm 2  or more between the front and rear positions, resulting in approximately a 20% change in total inertia from front to back. 
     The golf club head  1900  also provides the unique ability to adjust backspin rate without affecting lie angle or face angle. In other words, by moving the weight member  1940  in the weight channel, a player can adjust the backspin rate of the club head without affecting how the club sits at the normal address position. As noted in Table 6 above, the backspin rate of the club head can be adjusted independently by more than 300 rpm using the weight alone, and without adjusting the lie angle or face angle (e.g., without the need to adjust the FCT system). The FCT system can provide the further ability to adjust the lie angle as well as the loft angle by ±2°. The FCT system thus provides for even greater adjustment of the backspin rate (and launch angle) of the club head if desired. Thus, a user can adjust launch angle using the FCT system and independently adjust backspin rate using the movable weight member  1940 . The combination of the slideable weight and the FCT system can allow the user to adjust the spin of the club head by ±550 rpm or more, for a total adjustment of 1100 rpm or more between the forward and rear positions of the weight, in combination with lie/loft adjustments using the FCT. 
     Taking as one example a golf club head  1900  as described herein and configured as a 15° loft 3 wood, the user can adjust the club head between a first “low launch, low spin” setting, a second “high launch, high spin” setting, and anywhere in between. The first setting would be 13° of loft with the weight member  1940  in the forwardmost position, resulting in relatively low launch and low spin. The second setting would be 17° of loft with the weight member  1940  in the rearmost position, resulting in relatively high launch and high spin. This wide range of adjustability can allow the club head  1900  to be adjusted to perform across a backspin, lie, and/or loft range that would typically encompass two, three, or even more traditional golf club heads. 
     The inventors have also determined that a straight weight channel such as the channel  1912  provides a surprising improvement in the durability of the club head. A straight weight channel can reduce the bending stresses on the fastener  1928  and associated structure of the body. The improvement in durability can be desirable even though the straight weight channel may affect the acoustic qualities of the club head. 
     Although the structural features and properties of the golf club head  1900  and the weight member  1940  are described in the context of a weight channel that extends in the front-rear direction, it should be understood that these structural features and properties are adaptable to other club head and weight channel configurations such as weight channels that extend in the heel-toe direction and any of the other golf club heads described herein. 
     Additionally, although the weight channel  1912  in the illustrated example extends in the front-rear direction generally along the club head y-axis, the weight channel can also extend at an angle to the y-axis (e.g., from a toeward portion of the face toward a heelward portion of the rear of the club head or vice versa), in which case the weight channel can be angled relative to a y-z plane. 
     Club Heads with Forward and Rear Removable Weights 
     The advantages described above regarding the ability to adjust the CG location and the spin of the club head without changing the face angle or lie angle can also be achieved by using a plurality of interchangeable weights of different masses. The weights can be attached at different pre-selected locations on the club head body to change the CG location and/or adjust the spin of the club head. For example,  FIGS.  74 - 80    illustrate a representative example of a club head  2100  configured as a mini driver. The club head  2100  can comprise a body  2102 , a crown  2104  defining a top portion of the club head, a sole  2106  defining a bottom portion of the club head, a face  2108  defining a forward portion of the golf club head, a rearward portion  2110  of the golf club head opposite the face, and a hosel  2161 . The body  2102  can define a crown opening which can be closed by a crown insert  2105  (e.g., comprising a fiber-reinforced polymer material). The hosel  2161  can be configured to receive a flight control technology (FCT) system insert  2163  as described above with reference to the club head  1900 . 
     Referring to the bottom views of the club head shown in  FIGS.  79 - 81   , the club head  2100  can comprise a forward sole slot  2114  just behind the bottom of the face  2108 , and a hosel recess  2167  for fastening a shaft to the club head. The body  2102  can also include recessed sole portions  2195  and  2196  at the heel and toe sides of the sole  2106 , respectively, and a recessed sole portion  2197  at the rear portion of the sole. 
     The club head  2100  can comprise a forward weight port  2120  (also referred to as a first weight port) in the forward portion of the sole  2106  (forward of a center of gravity of the golf club head, the forward weight may be forward and heelward of a center of gravity of the golf club head) and adjacent the forward sole slot  2114 . The club head  2100  can further comprise a rear weight port  2122  (also referred to as a second weight port) in the rear portion of the sole  2106  (rearward of the center of gravity of the golf club head, the rear weight may be rearward and toeward of a center of gravity of the golf club head). In the illustrated example, the rear weight port  2122  is located in the recessed sole portion  2197 , although the rear weight port may also be located at other locations on the sole. 
     The forward and rear weight ports  2120  and  2122  can be sized and shaped to receive weight members  2124  and  2126 . The weight members  2124  and  2126  can have different masses, and can be interchangeable between the weight ports  2120  and  2122  depending upon the particular characteristics sought. The weight members may be threadably received in the weight ports and one or more of the weight members may be a weight assembly (weight with an aperture configured to receive a threaded fastener for securing the weight to the weigh port and there may be a washer or lock washer) or one or more weight members may be a monolithic construction e.g. a bolt, which may include an outer coating to prevent oxidation. The weight members may also be forged, metal injection molded, cast, injection molded (e.g. a non-metallic weight, plastic, fiber reinforced plastic weight), CNC, machined and other known methods of manufacture, etc. The fastener portion of the weight member is placed in tension when secured to the club head. In some instances, one or more of the weights may contain a smart feature or be a smart weight as discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 10,874,922 issued Dec. 29, 2020 and herein incorporated by reference in the entirety. A smart weight may include various sensors such as accelerometers, magnetometers, GPS, Gyros, RFID, wireless communication and more as discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 10,874,922. The sliding weight discussed herein may also be a smart feature or smart. In either case of the sliding weight being a smart weight or one of the removable weights being a smart weight there may be included a dummy weight that potentially could be used in place of the smart weight for tournament play or to avoid damage to the smart weight during harsh conditions. For example, with reference to  FIG.  83    the weight member  2124  can have a larger diameter portion  2128  and a smaller diameter portion  2130 , and the weight member  2126  can have a uniform cylindrical shape. When the weight members  2124  and  2126  are made of the same material or materials of similar density, this means that the weight member  2126  can have a greater mass than the weight member  2124 . Referring to  FIG.  81   , the weight ports  2120  and  2122  can comprise respective recesses  2131  and  2132  sized and shaped to receive the weight members  2124  and  2126  such that the weight members are flush with the exterior surface of the sole  2106 . The weight members and the recesses are cylindrical in the illustrated example, but it should be understood that the weight members and the corresponding recesses of the weight ports can have any specified shape (e.g. semi triangular with rounded or flat ends instead of vertices, oblong, rectangular with rounded ends, trapezoidal shape, hexagon shape, pentagon shape etc.). 
       FIG.  84    illustrates the weight member  2124  received in the forward weight port  2120  and the weight member  2126  received in the rear weight port  2122 . The weight members can be secured in the weight ports by fasteners  2134 . Washers  2125  can be positioned between the weights and the surface of the club head body, such as in recesses defined in the weights as shown in  FIG.  83   . The weight ports can be open to the interior of the club head as in the illustrated configuration, or closed similar to the club head  1900 . 
     In certain examples, the weights can be made from a metal material such as a steel alloy or a tungsten alloy with a density of 5.5 g/cc to 20 g/cc, such as 7 g/cc to 20 g/cc, alternatively some weights may be lighter and made from plastic, aluminum, magnesium, or titanium, and combinations thereof. In other words, in some embodiments a first weight may be formed from a material having a density ranging between 0.9 g/cc and 4.6 g/cc, and a second weight may be formed from a material having a density ranging from 7 g/cc to 20 g/cc. In other examples, the weights may be made of similar materials just the amount of material varies. In general, it is desirable to have one weight be a heavy weight e.g. at least 8 g and another be a light weight e.g. less than 5.5 g. For example, a light weight may range in mass from 0.5 g to 5.5 g, inclusive, and a heavy weight may range in mass from 8 g to 40 g, inclusive. A weight kit may be provided that would include an array of different weight options to fine tune the specific weight distribution and balance of the club head to fit a particular golfer&#39;s preference. Preferably the heavy weight is at least double or at least triple the mass of the light weight because this allows for greater center of gravity shift/change, BP Up shift/change, and change in inertia between a first weight position and a second weight position. Preferably the heavy weight is no more than 25 times greater than the mass of the lightweight, and preferably the heavier weight is 3 times to 10 times heavier than the lightweight e.g. if the lightweight is 1-2 grams the heavier weight may be at least 8 grams and up to 20 grams, and as described above the heavy weight could be up to 25 times the lightweight so in this instance the heavy weight could weigh as much as 25 grams or as much as 50 grams, or in between 8 grams and 50 grams depending on the availability of discretionary mass. In one embodiment, the first weight is approximately 2 to 6 grams and the second weight is approximately 10 to 18 grams. In certain examples, the larger weight  2126  in combination with the fastener and the washer can have a combined mass of 10 g to 50 g, 15 g to 35 g, 12 g to 25 g, 10 g to 20 g, such as 10 g to 18 g, 12 g to 18 g, and any combinations thereof e.g. 18 g to 25 g, etc. In a particular example, the weight  2126  in combination with the fastener and the washer can have a combined mass of 14 g. In certain examples, the smaller weight  2124  in combination with the fastener and the washer can have a combined mass of 1 g to 10 g, such as 1 g to 8 g, 2 g to 8 g, etc. In a particular example, the weight  2124  in combination with the fastener and the washer can have a combined mass of 4 g. 
     In certain examples, the total mass of the club head  2100  (e.g., including the weights  2124  and  2126 ) can be 180 g to 350 g, such as 200 g to 350 g, 200 g to 300 g, 200 g to 280 g, 200 g to 260 g, 210 g to 255 g, etc. In a particular example, the total mass of the club head  2100  can be 213 g. Thus, in certain examples the weight member  2126  can be 4% to 50% of the total mass of the club head, such as 4% to 45%, 4% to 40%, 4% to 30%, 4% to 20%, 4% to 10%, 5% to 50%, 5% to 45%, 5% to 40%, 5% to 30%, 5% to 20%, 5% to 10%, 10% to 50%, 10% to 45%, 10% to 40%, 10% to 30%, 10% to 20%, etc., of the total mass of the club head. In one particular example, the weight member  2126  is 6.5% of the total mass of the club head. 
     The club head  2100  can have a volume of 100 cc to 320 cc, such as 120 cc to 300 cc, 120 cc to 280 cc, 150 cc to 300 cc, 200 cc to 300 cc, 250 cc to 320 cc, 260 cc to 320 cc, 270 cc to 320 cc, 280 cc to 320 cc, etc. In a particular example, the club head  2100  can have a volume of 304 cc. 
     Referring to  FIG.  75   , as with the club heads described elsewhere herein the club head  2100  can have a projected center of gravity “CG projection” or “balance point up” (referred to as BP Up) on the face  2108  that is determined by an imaginary line passing through the center of gravity (CG)  2136  and oriented normal to the face  2108 . BP Up is indicated in  FIG.  75    relative to a ground plane  2138 . In certain examples, BP Up of the club head  2100  can be 20 mm to 29 mm with the larger weight member  2126  in the rear weight port  2122  (e.g., with at least a portion of the weight member rearward of the CG), such as 21 mm to 29 mm, 22 mm to 29 mm, 22.5 mm to 29 mm, 23 mm to 29 mm, 23.5 mm to 29 mm, 20 mm to 26 mm, 21 mm to 26 mm, 22 mm to 26 mm, 22.5 mm to 26 mm, 23 mm to 26 mm, 23.5 mm to 26 mm, etc., with the larger weight member  2126  in the rear weight port  2122 . With the larger weight member  2126  in the front weight port  2122 , BP Up can be from 17 mm to 24 mm, 18 mm to 23 mm, 19 mm to 25 mm, etc. Importantly, this movable weight design is intended to raise BP Up when shifting the weight from a forward position to a rearward position by at least 1 mm, and in some instances by at least than 1.9 mm, and at least than 2.4 mm, at least than 2.9 mm, at least than 3.4 mm, but no more than 6 mm. The ability to raise and lower BP Up provides greater options to fit the individual golfer by allowing for an increase in spin without changing the loft setting. 
     As noted in the examples above, Delta 1 is a measure of how far rearward in the golf club head body the CG is located. More specifically, Delta 1 is the distance between the CG and the hosel axis along the y axis (in the direction straight toward the back of the body of the golf club from the geometric center of the striking face). As noted above, smaller values of Delta 1 can result in a lower projected CG on the golf club head face. Thus, for embodiments of the disclosed golf club heads in which the projected CG on the ball striking club face is lower than the geometric center, reducing Delta 1 can lower the projected CG and increase the distance between the geometric center and the projected CG. Note also that a lower projected CG can promote a higher launch and a reduction in backspin due to the z-axis gear effect. Thus, in some cases relatively lower Delta 1 values can reduce the amount of backspin on the golf ball resulting in a high launch, low spin trajectory.  FIG.  79    illustrates Delta 1 on the club head  2100 . In certain examples, Delta 1 on the club head  2100  can be from 15 mm to 25 mm, such as 16 mm to 24 mm, 17 mm to 23 mm, 17 mm to 22 mm, 17 mm to 21 mm, 17 mm to 20 mm, etc. In a particular example, the club head  2100  can have a Delta 1 value of 19.9 mm. 
     In certain examples, the moment of inertia of the club head  2100  about the z-axis Izz can be from 300 kg·mm 2  to 500 kg·mm 2 , such as 325 kg·mm 2  to 475 kg·mm 2 , 350 kg·mm 2  to 450 kg·mm 2 , 375 kg·mm 2  to 425 kg·mm 2 , etc. In a particular example, the moment of inertia of the club head  2100  about the z-axis Izz can be 396 kg·mm 2 . 
     As noted above, Zup generally refers to the height of the CG above the ground plane as measured along the z-axis. For example, as illustrated in  FIG.  1 B , an imaginary line  232  representing Zup extends out from the CG  230  parallel to the ground plane  210 . 
     In certain examples, the club head  2100  can have a Zup of 16 mm to 20 mm, such as 17 mm to 19 mm or 18 mm to 19 mm. In a particular example, the club head  2100  can have a Zup of 18.18 mm. 
     Table 7 below provides values for various properties of the golf club head  2100  with a total mass of 213 g (210-220 grams), a weight member  2126  with a mass of 14.3 g (12-20 grams) and a weight member  2124  with a mass of 3.7 g (1.5 to 5 grams), and with the weight member  2126  in the rear weight port  2122  and the weight member  2124  in the forward weight port  2120  and vice versa. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Value in Exemplary Golf Club Head 2100 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Weight 2126 
                 Weight 2126 
                 Forward to 
               
               
                 Property 
                 Rear 
                 Forward 
                 Rear Delta 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 CGy (mm) 
                 33.5 
                 27.96 
                 5.54 
               
               
                 CGz (mm) 
                 −7.41 
                 −6.26 
                 −1.15 
               
               
                 Cgx (mm) 
                 0.1 
                 −.1 
                 0.2 
               
               
                 Zup (mm) 
                 18.18 
                 18.04 
                 0.14 
               
               
                 Delta 1 (mm) 
                 19.93 
                 14.36 
                 5.57 
               
               
                 Balance Point Up 
                 25.8 
                 22.2 
                 3.6 
               
               
                 (BP Up) (mm) 
               
               
                 Ixx (kg · mm 2 ) 
                 266 
                 180 
                 86 
               
               
                 Izz (kg · mm 2 ) 
                 396 
                 340 
                 56 
               
               
                 Total Inertia (Ixx + Izz) 
                 662 
                 520 
                 142 
               
               
                 (kg · mm 2 ) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table 8 below provides values for various properties of another specific example of the golf club head  2100  with a total mass of 213 g, a weight member  2126  with a mass of 14.3 g, and a weight member  2124  with a mass of 3.7 g, and with the weight member  2126  in the rear weight port  2122  and the weight member  2124  in the forward weight port  2120  and vice versa. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 8 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Value in Exemplary Golf Club Head 2100 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Weight 2126 
                 Weight 2126 
                 Forward to 
               
               
                 Property 
                 Rear 
                 Forward 
                 Rear Delta 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 CGy (mm) 
                 33.88 
                 30.59 
                 3.29 
               
               
                 CGz (mm) 
                 −7.41 
                 −7.68 
                 −0.27 
               
               
                 Cgx (mm) 
                 0.1 
                 0 
                 0.1 
               
               
                 Delta 1 (mm) 
                 19.93 
                 16.64 
                 3.29 
               
               
                 Balance Point Up 
                 26.3 
                 25.9 
                 0.4 
               
               
                 (BP Up) (mm) 
               
               
                 Ixx (kg · mm 2 ) 
                 266 
                 236 
                 30 
               
               
                 Izz (kg · mm 2 ) 
                 396 
                 365 
                 31 
               
               
                 Total Inertia (Ixx + Izz) 
                 662 
                 601 
                 61 
               
               
                 (kg · mm 2 ) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In view of the many possible embodiments to which the principles of the disclosed technology may be applied, it should be recognized that the illustrated embodiments are only preferred examples of the technology and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the disclosure. Rather, the scope of the disclosure is at least as broad as the full scope of the following claims and equivalents of the recited features. We therefore claim as all that comes within the scope and spirit of these claims.