Patent Publication Number: US-2022225193-A1

Title: Enabling down link reception of system and control information from intra-frequency neighbors without gaps in the evolved-utra systems

Description:
CLAIM OF PRIORITY 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/357,918, filed Nov. 21, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/048,777, filed Mar. 14, 2008, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/895,633 filed Mar. 19, 2007, the above-mentioned applications being incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The technical field of this invention is wireless telephone communication, particularly Evolved-UMTS Radio Access (E-UTRA) communication. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     As wireless systems proliferate, the expanding user base and the demand for new services necessitate the development of technologies capable of meeting users&#39; ever increasing expectations. Users of mobile telecommunications devices expect not only globally available reliable voice communications but a variety of data services, such as email, text messaging and internet access. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Reception of relevant down link (DL) transmissions in neighboring cells by a mobile UE fully connected in a serving cell requires significant additional circuitry if no structure is imposed on the DL transmissions in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) based E-UTRA systems. This invention includes some structure and format for relevant DL transmissions to aid in dual reception with minimal implementation complexity. 
     This invention is an E-UTRA protocol such that UEs connected in a cell can decode some of the transmissions from neighboring cells&#39; without gaps and with minimum implementation complexity. This invention is similar to a synchronization channel and a broadcast channel (BCH) which are limited to 1.25 MHz bandwidth, the first block in dynamic-BCH (D-BCH) and random access channel (RACH) response messages 2 and 4 are transmitted in bandwidth limited regions. This invention also includes separately encoding the allocations for the first D-BCH block and the RACH responses. These are the foremost allocations in the L1-L2 control channel. 
     This invention provides a minimal protocol performance compromise for significant reduction in implementation complexity. This invention enables DL reception in neighbors without gaps in the current cell and with minimal additional circuitry compared to simply receiving one cell. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       These and other aspects of this invention are illustrated in the drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram of a communication system of the present invention having three cells; 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram of a transmitter of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of a receiver of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  is a diagram showing a procedure for establishing communications between user equipment (UE) and a base station (Node B); 
         FIG. 5  is a flow chart illustrating operation of this invention; and 
         FIG. 6  is a simplified block diagram of user equipment adapted according to this invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 1  shows an exemplary wireless telecommunications network  100 . The illustrative telecommunications network includes base stations  101 ,  102  and  103 , though in operation, a telecommunications network necessarily includes many more base stations. Each of base stations  101 ,  102  and  103  are operable over corresponding coverage areas  104 ,  105  and  106 . Each base station&#39;s coverage area is further divided into cells. In the illustrated network, each base station&#39;s coverage area is divided into three cells. Handset or other user equipment (UE)  109  is shown in Cell A  108 . Cell A  108  is within coverage area  104  of base station  101 . Base station  101  transmits to and receives transmissions from UE  109 . As UE  109  moves out of Cell A  108  and into Cell B  107 , UE  109  may be handed over to base station  102 . Because UE  109  is synchronized with base station  101 , UE  109  can employ non-synchronized random access to initiate handover to base station  102 . 
     Non-synchronized UE  109  also employs non-synchronous random access to request allocation of up-link  111  time or frequency or code resources. If UE  109  has data ready for transmission, which may be traffic data, measurements report, tracking area update, UE  109  can transmit a random access signal on up-link  111 . The random access signal notifies base station  101  that UE  109  requires up-link resources to transmit the UE&#39;s data. Base station  101  responds by transmitting to UE  109  via down-link  110 , a message containing the parameters of the resources allocated for UE  109  up-link transmission along with a possible timing error correction. After receiving the resource allocation and a possible timing advance message transmitted on down-link  110  by base station  101 , UE  109  optionally adjusts its transmit timing and transmits the data on up-link  111  employing the allotted resources during the prescribed time interval. 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram of a wireless transmitter  200  of the present invention for transmitting a preamble  202  to a remote receiver. The preamble is preferably a CAZAC sequence for generating the random access preamble signal. CAZAC sequences are complex valued sequences with following two properties: 1) Constant Amplitude (CA), and 2) Zero Cyclic Autocorrelation (ZAC). Examples of CAZAC sequences include but are not limited to: Chu Sequences; Frank-Zadoff Sequences; Zadoff-Chu (ZC) Sequences; and Generalized Chirp-Like (GCL) Sequences. 
     Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences are defined by: 
         a   M ( k )=exp[ j 2π( M/N )[ k ( k+ 1)/2+ qk ]]  for N odd
 
         a   M ( k )=exp[ j 2π( M/N )[ k   2 /2+ qk ]]  for N even
 
     where: N is the length of the sequence; M is the index of the root ZC sequence with M and N being relatively prime; q is any fixed integer; and k is the index of the sequence element ranging from 0 to N−1. These are representative examples of CAZAC sequences. An alternative convention for ZC definition replaces j in the above formula by −j. Either convention can be adopted. In the above formula, making N a prime number maximizes the set of non-orthogonal root ZC sequences having optimal cross-correlation. When N is prime, there are (N−1) possible choices for M. Each such choice results in a distinct root ZC CAZAC sequence. In this application the terms Zadoff-Chu, ZC and ZC CAZAC will be used interchangeably. The term CAZAC denotes any CAZAC sequence, ZC or otherwise. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the invention, random access preamble signal  202  is constructed from a CAZAC sequence, such as a ZC sequence. Additional modifications to the selected CAZAC sequence can be performed using any of the following operations: multiplication by a complex constant, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT), cyclic shifting, zero padding, sequence block repetition, sequence truncation, sequence cyclic extension and others. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, transmitter  200  selects random access preamble signal  202 , by selecting a CAZAC sequence and optionally modified as noted above. DFT circuit  204  receives the modified CAZAC sequence to produce a frequency domain signal. Sub-carrier mapping circuit  206  receives the frequency domain signal. Sub-carrier mapping circuit maps the preamble to user selected tones. IDFT circuit  208  then converts the user selected tones to a time domain signal which is supplied to parallel-to-serial converter  210 . The resulting preamble is optionally repeated to achieve the desired duration. Cyclic prefix (CP) circuit  214  adds a cyclic prefix to the preamble before transmission to a remote receiver. 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an embodiment of a random access channel receiver  300  of the present invention. CP removal circuit  302  removes the cyclic prefix from the received random access signal. Serial-to-parallel converter  304  converts the resulting preamble into a parallel signal. DFT circuit  306  produces sub-carrier mapped tones from the parallel preamble components. Sub-carrier de-mapping circuit  308  demaps the mapped tones. These demapped tones are equivalent to the output signal from DFT circuit  204  of transmitter  200  ( FIG. 2 ). Parallel-to-serial circuit  310  converts the parallel demapped tones into a serial data stream. Product circuit  312  receives this serial data stream and a reference root sequence from DFT circuit  320 . Product circuit  312  computes a tone by tone complex multiplication of demapped tones with the reference tones. Zero padding circuit  314  adds a number of zeros necessary to produce a correct sequence length. IDFT circuit  316  converts the multiplied frequency tones into time domain signals. These time domain signals include concatenated power delay profiles of all cyclic shift replicas of the preamble root sequence. Energy detector circuit  318  detects the energy in the time domain signals. This identifies the received preamble sequences by detecting the time of peak correlation between received random access preamble signals and the reference ZC root sequence. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates the procedure for establishing communications via the RACH between UE  109  constructed as illustrated in  FIG. 2  and a Node B  101  as illustrated in  FIG. 3 . The horizontal arrow of time  410  illustrates the following sequence. Node B  101  periodically transmits a broadcast signal  400  within the cell having slot and frame timing information for UE  109 . UE  109  selects an appropriate CAZAC sequence and produces a preamble with appended cyclic prefix as described above. UE  109  transmits this preamble  402  over the RACH to Node B  101 . Node B  101  identifies the preamble and responds with timing adjustments  404  to synchronize communications and adjust for transmit delay. Once synchronized with Node B  101 , UE  109  transmits communication resource request  406 . Alternatively, the communication resource request might be included as part of RACH signal  402 . Node B  101  then transmits communication resources assignment  408  to UE  109 . Synchronous communication can then begin over the primary user channel. 
     One important capability of UE  109  is the ability to receive and decode simultaneously from multiple cells. This ability is important for making measurements or reading selected data from neighboring cells while remaining fully connected to the primary cell. Given the complexities and cost of additional circuitry within UE  109 , including an additional RF or an additional baseband receiver within UE  109  is not efficient. The majority of the time these additional circuits will not be used. If no additional circuitry than that required for the primary cell reception is provided, communication may still be possible with certain limitations in protocol design. For example, in asynchronous networks gaps in connectivity with the primary cell is necessary to enable any reception from neighboring cells. There are various reasons why UE  109  may want to receive from neighboring cells, while maintaining full communication with the primary cell. These reasons generally do not require UE  109  to be able to receive the neighboring cell transmissions over the entire bandwidth with full reception capability as in the primary cell. For example, UE  109  may only need to receive certain limited channels such as broadcast channel (BCH) from the neighboring cells. Including additional circuitry in UE  109  for such limited additional reception may not be as prohibitive as additional circuits for full duplex reception. It is thus advantageous to design a protocol requiring minimal complexity in UE  109  for such neighbor reception without gaps in the reception from the primary cell. 
     This invention gives some structure to the various DL transmissions in the protocol, so that UEs  109  connected to intra-frequency neighboring cells can receive the relevant information without gaps in reception from their primary cell and with minimum additional complexity. There a numerous examples of DL information of interest to UE  109  of neighboring cells. UE  109  while fully connected to a first cell may need to make measurements about neighboring cells to aid in fast handovers (HO) and cell selection/re-selection. These measurements may be very basic such as received power levels and may require reading the synchronization channel (SCH). Specific system information in addition to the power level measurements may be required for HOs such as system frame numbers (SFN). Below, we list how reading some system information and RACH responses of a neighbor might be beneficial for a UE connected to a cell. 
     UE  109  connected to a cell may receive some of the system parameters of neighboring cells from the current cell itself. However, any parameter that changes so frequently as to require regular monitoring is best read from the neighboring cell directly. Certain parameters/characteristics of cell change with a known pattern. For example the SFN always increases sequentially with every sub-frame. However, in order to know the current or future values of such parameters, it is necessary for UE  109  to synchronize with a base value by reading directly from the neighboring cell. Reading system information directly from the neighboring cell may be advantageous to reduce the overhead of reporting in the DL-SCH of the current cell. 
     The main reasons to read a neighbor cell&#39;s system information directly in its DL are: the information changes very frequently; the UE  109  must synchronize with a current base value of a changing parameter; and it is advantageous to save the overhead of individually transmitting system information to every UE  109  via the current cell. Some parameters that are advantageously read from the DL transmissions of system information are SFN, power control parameters and RACH parameters. Some of these may be included in primary-BCCH (P-BCCH) and transmitted in the BCH. At least a few of these parameters may also be transmitted in blocks in a dynamic-BCH (D-BCH). The D-BCH is expected to be transmitted in scheduling units (SUs) with different frequencies. There are a number of most important parameters that, if read before disconnecting from the source cell and transmitted in D-BCH blocks, may help reduce latencies. These include: power control parameters in support of inter-cell power control; UL interference if not in the P-BCCH; DL reference signal (RS) transmitted (Tx) power at the neighboring cell for pathloss estimation; load indicator; and the power (Target SINR) gap between serving and non-serving UEs  109 . If UL interference, DL reference signal (RS) Tx power and Target SINR are not needed independently but only in the context of an open loop power control algorithm, then they can be more efficiently communication via a single parameter, the common power baseline defined as the sum of these parameters. 
     RACH parameters of neighboring cells are only needed in the context of a HO. It is assumed that static parameters, such as Zadoff-Chu sequences, location of random access opportunities and low rate varying power control parameters, are forwarded to UE  109  by the serving cell along with the HO command or the HO indication in case of early RACH access. The only fast varying power control parameter the UE  109  would need to read on the D-BCH is the UL interference, if it is not in the P-BCCH like the SFN. These parameters are likely to be transmitted with the highest frequency for any of the D-BCH blocks. These parameters can all be bunched together and transmitted in one SU with identical frequencies. Note that a D-BCCH block is transmitted in the DL-SCH. 
     It might be beneficial for UE  109  to receive RACH responses of message 2 and message 4 from neighboring cells while still connected to the source cell. This permits UE  109  to initiate a RACH access in a neighboring cell without any gaps in the DL reception in the source cell. A RACH access may be initiated to receive timing advance for initiating or maintaining UL synchronization. UL synchronization latencies may be reduced during HO using a RACH access in a neighboring cell without disconnecting from the current cell. UE  109  may or may not be required to initiate RACH accesses in a neighboring cell without disconnecting or causing gaps from the current cell. The protocol may be specified to permit building a UE that can accomplish this without adversely affecting performance. Messages 2 and 4 in the DL RACH responses complete the contention based aspect of RACH. These are thus candidates to be read by UEs in neighboring cells before disconnecting from their current cell. 
     As noted above there are various different types of information that may be of interest to UE  109  in a neighboring cell. This information is likely to be contained in the SCH, BCH or certain blocks in DL-SCH. In order to read these, the UE also needs to be able to read the L1-L2 control channel. This invention includes formats and structure so that the UE may receive these signals while fully connected to another cell with minimal implementation overhead. 
     BCH and SCH are generally confined to a bandwidth of 1.25 MHz. This invention does not propose any additional structure or restrictions to these signals. In order to receive these signals while being fully connected to another cell, UE  109  must include additional baseband circuitry that supports the reception of at least a 1.25 MHz duplicate transmission within the same frequency band as the current cell frequency. 
     The L1-L2 control channel is of interest because it carries allocation for blocks on the DL-SCH. One block of D-BCCH and RACH responses for message 2 and 4 are useful DL-SCH blocks for UE  109  in a neighboring cell to read. In order to read the L1-L2 control channel for allocations for these blocks without added implementation overhead, these allocations are limited to sub-carriers that do not span more than 1.25 MHz. The L1-L2 control channel is expected to span the entire bandwidth of the cell, and within the first few OFDM symbols of the sub-frame. The allocations are also separately coded. While the control channel for a specific allocation may be limited to sub-carriers spanning less than 1.25 MHz bandwidth, it may still be necessary to decode the entire bandwidth to look for the allocation. This invention includes the following to aid in the limiting the decoding to 1.25 MHz. The L1-L2 control channel or equivalently the allocation for the first D-BCCH block is in the first control channel in the overall L1-L2 control channel. The allocation for the RACH messages 2 and 4 is the foremost in the L1-L2 control channel except if an allocation for the first D-BCCH block is present in the same sub-frame. In this case the D-BCCH block is the foremost allocation. Any other DL-SCH blocks that may be read by UEs in neighboring cells are also allocated in the foremost L1-L2 control channels. This allocation restricts the look up and decoding requirement to find the allocation for DL-SCH blocks that carry the information. If UE  109  can decode up to 1.25 MHz of bandwidth in a neighboring cell without gaps, then it can be designed to read the L1-L2 allocations above. 
     The first D-BCCH block of system information and RACH responses of messages 2 and 4 are carried in DL-SCH. These signals may be of interest to UEs connected in neighboring cells. In accordance with this invention the UE is capable of decoding up to 1.25 MHz of continuous or discontinuous sub-carriers in a neighboring cell in addition to the regular transceiver capability. In order that the UE is capable of reading the relevant DL-SCH blocks, these blocks are restricted to a bandwidth of 1.25 MHz in this invention. 
     Note that the restriction of 1.25 MHz is related to the already existing limit to the bandspread of the BCH. This restriction only applies to the bandwidth and does not restrict the center frequency of the allocation. It would be advantageous for a UE to be able to decode the BCH in the neighboring cell including decoding all relevant information from the neighboring cell with minimal additional implementation overhead. The required overhead is the additional circuitry required in the UE. The above design facilitates this capability. 
     In this invention contribution, the E-UTRA protocol is limited so that a UE connected in a current cell can decode some of the transmissions from neighboring cells without gaps and with minimum implementation complexity. In this invention: the synchronization channel and BCH are limited to a bandwidth of 1.25 MHz; the first block in D-BCH and RACH response messages 2 and 4 are transmitted in the limited bandwidth of 1.25 MHz; and the first D-BCH block and the RACH responses separately encode the allocations. These acceptable portions are included in the E-UTRA TS. 
       FIG. 5  is a flow chart illustrating operation of this invention. Node A  501  transmits on the primary base station  101  on the primary channel and includes normal two-way voice and data operations. This is expected to be a synchronous operation. Node B  502  of a neighboring cell such as base station  102  transmits the secondary data described above. Transmission of these blocks is restricted to a bandwidth of 1.25 MHz as described above. This is expected to be a one-way transmission from base station  102  to UE  109  only and occur on a non-synchronous channel. User equipment reception  503  occurs at the UE  109  using a primary and a secondary baseband channel as described above and further detailed below. User equipment reception  503  supplies data to primary channel utilization  504  and secondary channel utilization  505 .  FIG. 5  illustrates a return path from primary channel utilization  504  to node A via user equipment transmission  506 . 
       FIG. 6  is a simplified block diagram of user equipment  109  adapted according to this invention. Radio transmission and reception occur via antenna  601  and radio frequency transceiver  602 . Radio frequency transceiver  602  in is two-way communication with primary baseband processing  610 . Primary baseband processing  610  supports the normal voice and data transmissions. Primary baseband processing  610  is in two-way communication with control circuit  620 . Also coupled to control circuit  620  are handset  621  including a microphone and earphone as known in the art, display  622  and keypad  623  accommodating user input. Radio frequency transceiver  602  also supplied secondary baseband processing  615 . As described above, secondary baseband processing  615  processes the data received from neighboring cells. Control circuit  620  uses this secondary data as described above. Secondary baseband processing  615  is simpler than primary baseband processing  510  due to the restrictions on the transmission character.