Patent Publication Number: US-7912781-B2

Title: Method and system for providing electronic information for risk assessment and management for multi-market electronic trading

Description:
CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a Continuation-In-Part (CIP) of U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 11/147,949, filed, Jun. 8, 2005, that issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,555,456, on Jun. 30, 2009, that claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60/578,225 filed Jun. 8, 2004, and this CIP application also claims priority to U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 12/430,918, filed Apr. 28, 2009, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional patent application, 61/126,004, filed Apr. 30, 2008, the contents of all of which are incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to providing electronic information over a computer network. More specifically, it relates to a method and system for providing electronic information for real-time risk assessment and management for multi-market electronic trading. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The trading of stocks, bonds and other financial instruments over computer networks such as the Internet has become a very common activity. In many countries of the world, such stocks, bonds and other financial instruments are traded exclusively over computer networks, completely replacing prior trading systems such as “open outcry” trading in trading pits. 
     Trading of stocks, bonds, etc. typically requires multiple types of associated electronic information. For example, to trade stocks electronically an electronic trader typically would like to know an asking price for a stock, a current bid price for a stock, a bid quantity, an asking quantity, current information about the company the trader is trading such as profit/loss information, a current corporate forecast, current corporate earnings, etc. 
     For an electronic trader to be successful, the multiple types of associated electronic information has to be supplied in real-time to allow the electronic trader to make the appropriate decisions. Such electronic information is typically displayed in multiple windows on a display screen. 
     In addition, when an electronic trader executes an electronic trade over a computer network, the computer network must respond to the order request in real-time in an appropriate, accurate, consistent manner. However, such electronic trade data is typically sent and received in a same data stream that supplies the multiple types of electronic information. 
     There are however a number of problems with electronic trading. One problem is that supplying multiple types of electronic information along with electronic trading information on the same data streams significantly increases the computations required on a target device being used by an electronic trader and by servers being used by electronic trading providers to separate the information. 
     Another problem is that such data streams may also include information for national as well as international markets. Desired data from such data streams needs to be accurately separated and displayed by a target device. 
     Another problem is that sending multiple types of electronic information over a computer network requires a large bandwidth and may significantly affect the performance of the computer network. As the performance of the computer network slows down, the flow of electronic information is also affected. Electronic traders may then not be able to make the appropriate trading decisions at the appropriate moment of time due to slow information flow. 
     Another problem is that displaying multiple types of electronic information in a coherent format that can be used by an electronic trader is difficult. In many instances such multiple types of electronic information are displayed in multiple windows on a computer display with multiple colors in general formats that do not meet the needs of all electronic traders. 
     Another problem is that most existing electronic trading systems do not allow an electronic traders to see their current positions, as well as their current profit and loss and commissions in real-time during a trading day. In most instances, such information is not available until a day following a current trading day. 
     Another problem is that most existing electronic trading systems do not provide the ability to display multiple types of electronic information for national and international markets in a format usable by electronic traders. 
     Another problem is that most existing electronic trading system do not provide real-time risk assessment and management for electronic trading. 
     Thus, it is desirable to solve some of the problems associated with supplying multiple types of electronic information along with electronic trading information on the same data streams for risk assessment and management. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention, some of the problems with supplying multiple types of electronic information along with electronic trading information on the same data streams are overcome. A method and system for providing electronic information for multi-market electronic trading is presented. 
     The method and system may improve an infrastructure used by electronic traders over a computer network by splitting one or more data streams from one or more electronic trading exchanges with multiple types of electronic trading information into plural separate data streams that can be selectively requested, displayed and used by a user for real-time risk management and assessment. The plural separate data streams and can requested, displayed and used faster and more efficiently than an entire data stream including all the multiple types of electronic trading information. Less bandwidth is required to send the separate data streams and the separate data streams require less processing power when used on a target device for risk management and assessment. The real-time risk management and assessment can be done for all trading positions for all trading accounts for all trading exchanges for one or more electronic traders. 
     The foregoing and other features and advantages of preferred embodiments of the present invention will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description. The detailed description proceeds with references to the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the following drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary electronic trading system; 
         FIG. 2  is a flow diagram illustrating a method for providing electronic trading information; 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram illustrating a data flow for the method of  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 4  is flow diagram illustrating a method for processing electronic trading information; 
         FIG. 5  is a block diagram illustrating a data flow for the method of  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 6  is a flow diagram illustrating a method for displaying electronic trading information from plural data streams; 
         FIG. 7  is a flow diagram illustrating a method for analyzing risk for electronic trading; 
         FIG. 8  is a flow diagram illustrating a method for analyzing risk for electronic trading; 
         FIG. 9  is a block diagram illustrating graphical display of risk assessment for electronic trading; 
         FIG. 10  is flow diagram illustrating a method for automatically and dynamically determining a risk threshold; 
         FIG. 11  is a block diagram of screen shot of an exemplary ABV window; 
         FIG. 12  is a block diagram of screen shot of an exemplary Order Ticket window; 
         FIG. 13  is a block diagram of screen shot of an exemplary Reports window; 
         FIGS. 14A and 14B  is flow diagram illustrating a method for processing electronic trading information for risk assessment and management; 
         FIG. 15  is a block diagram of a screen shot of an exemplary Quality Metrics Tab window of an exemplary specialized risk assessment and management graphical window; 
         FIG. 16  is a block diagram of a screen shot of an exemplary Trades Tab window of the exemplary specialized risk assessment and management graphical window; and 
         FIG. 17  is a block diagram of a screen shot of a Positions Tab window of the exemplary specialized risk assessment and management graphical window. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary electronic trading system  10 . The exemplary electronic information updating system  10  includes, but is not limited to, one or more target devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  (only three of which are illustrated). However, the present invention is not limited to these target electronic devices and more, fewer or others types of target electronic devices can also be used. 
     The target devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  are in communications with a communications network  18 . The communications includes, but is not limited to, communications over a wire connected to the target network devices, wireless communications, and other types of communications using one or more communications and/or networking protocols. 
     Plural server devices  20 ,  22 ,  24  (only three of which are illustrated) include one or more associated databases  20 ′,  22 ′,  24 ′. The plural network devices  20 ,  22 ,  24  are in communications with the one or more target devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  via the communications network  18 . The plural server devices  20 ,  22 ,  24 , include, but are not limited to, World Wide Web servers, Internet servers, file servers, other types of electronic information servers, and other types of server network devices (e.g., edge servers, firewalls, routers, gateways, etc.). 
     The plural server devices  20 ,  22 ,  24  include, but are not limited to, servers used for electronic trading exchanges, servers for electronic trading brokers, servers for electronic trading information providers, etc. 
     The plural target devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  include an exemplary electronic trading display system. The exemplary electronic trading system display system includes, but is not limited to a target device (e.g.,  12 ,  14 ,  16 ) with a display. The target device includes an electronic trading application  25  that presents a graphical user interface (GUI) on the display. The GUI presents a multi-window interface to a user, including but not limited to an ABV window  114  ( FIG. 11 ), an Order Ticket window  132  ( FIG. 12 ), and a Reports window  134  ( FIG. 13 ). 
     In another embodiment, the plural server devices  20 ,  22 ,  24  also include an electronic trading application  25 . 
     In one embodiment of the invention, the electronic trading application  25  is a software application. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment and the application  25  can be firmware, hardware or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the electronic trading application includes an integral risk application  27 . In another embodiment, the electronic trading application  25  and the risk application  27  are separate applications. 
     The one or more target devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  may be replaced with other types of devices including, but not limited to, client terminals in communications with one or more servers, or with personal digital/data assistants (PDA), laptop computers, mobile computers, Internet appliances, two-way pagers, mobile phones, or other similar desktop, mobile or hand-held electronic devices. Other or equivalent devices can also be used to practice the invention. 
     The communications network  18  includes, but is not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a wired Local Area Network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WiLAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and other types of communications networks  18 . 
     The communications network  18  may include one or more gateways, routers, or bridges. As is known in the art, a gateway connects computer networks using different network protocols and/or operating at different transmission capacities. A router receives transmitted messages and forwards them to their correct destinations over the most efficient available route. A bridge is a device that connects networks using the same communications protocols so that information can be passed from one network device to another. 
     The communications network  18  may include one or more servers and one or more web-sites accessible by users to send and receive information useable by the one or more computers  12 . The one or more servers, may also include one or more associated databases for storing electronic information. 
     The communications network  18  includes, but is not limited to, data networks using the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Internet Protocol (IP) and other data protocols. 
     As is know in the art, TCP provides a connection-oriented, end-to-end reliable protocol designed to fit into a layered hierarchy of protocols which support multi-network applications. TCP provides for reliable inter-process communication between pairs of processes in network devices attached to distinct but interconnected networks. For more information on TCP see Internet Engineering Task Force (ITEF) Request For Comments (RFC)-793, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     As is known in the art, UDP provides a connectionless mode of communications with datagrams in an interconnected set of computer networks. UDP provides a transaction oriented datagram protocol, where delivery and duplicate packet protection are not guaranteed. For more information on UDP see IETF RFC-768, the contents of which incorporated herein by reference. 
     As is known in the art, IP is an addressing protocol designed to route traffic within a network or between networks. IP is described in IETF Request For Comments (RFC)-791, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. However, more fewer or other protocols can also be used on the communications network  18  and the present invention is not limited to TCP/UDP/IP. 
     An operating environment for the devices of the exemplary electronic trading system  10  include a processing system with one or more high speed Central Processing Unit(s) (“CPU”), processors and one or more memories. In accordance with the practices of persons skilled in the art of computer programming, the present invention is described below with reference to acts and symbolic representations of operations or instructions that are performed by the processing system, unless indicated otherwise. Such acts and operations or instructions are referred to as being “computer-executed,” “CPU-executed,” or “processor-executed.” 
     It will be appreciated that acts and symbolically represented operations or instructions include the manipulation of electrical signals by the CPU or processor. An electrical system represents data bits which cause a resulting transformation or reduction of the electrical signals or biological signals, and the maintenance of data bits at memory locations in a memory system to thereby reconfigure or otherwise alter the CPU&#39;s or processor&#39;s operation, as well as other processing of signals. The memory locations where data bits are maintained are physical locations that have particular electrical, magnetic, optical, or organic properties corresponding to the data bits. 
     The data bits may also be maintained on a computer readable medium including magnetic disks, optical disks, organic memory, and any other volatile (e.g., Random Access Memory (“RAM”)) or non-volatile (e.g., Read-Only Memory (“ROM”), flash memory, etc.) mass storage system readable by the CPU. The computer readable medium includes cooperating or interconnected computer readable medium, which exist exclusively on the processing system or can be distributed among multiple interconnected processing systems that may be local or remote to the processing system. 
     Processing Electronic Trading Information 
       FIG. 2  is a flow diagram illustrating a Method  28  for processing electronic trading information. At Step  30 , a first data stream is received on a server device including plural different types of electronic trading information from an electronic trading exchange via a communications network. At Step  32 , the first data stream on the server device is split into a plural second data streams. Each of the plural second data streams includes one or more of the plural different types of electronic trading information from the first data stream. At Step  34 , the plural second data streams are made available to plural target devices via the server device. The plural target devices are allowed to selectively request one or more of the plural second data streams from the server device thereby allowing an individual target device to receive and use the one or more of the plural types of electronic trading information in the second data stream faster than receiving and using the same electronic trading information from the first data stream. 
     Method  28  is illustrated with an exemplary embodiment. However, the invention is not limited to this embodiment and other embodiments can also be used to practice the invention. 
     In such an exemplary embodiment at Step  30 , a first data stream including plural types of electronic information related to electronic trading is received on a server device  26  from one or more electronic trading exchanges  20 ,  22 ,  24  via a communications network  18 . In one embodiment of the invention the first data stream includes, but is not limited to, electronic trading information from an electronic trading exchange (e.g., New York Stock Exchange, Chicago Board of Trade, Chicago Mercantile Exchange, London Stock Exchange, Tokyo Stock Exchange, etc.). 
     The first data stream includes, but is not limited to, plural types of electronic information including, but not limited to, current market data, posting and canceling of order information, order fill and status information, commentary by market analysts, current market news and other types of information relevant to electronic trading sent from the electronic trading exchange. 
     This first data stream is provided in many different formats. One format includes a data stream with one portion of information for each data category included in the first data stream in each data packet sent across the communications network  18 . Another format includes interleaving data packets in the data stream wherein each data packet includes only one type of electronic trading information. For example, a first data packet in the data stream may include only current price information for a specific financial instrument. A second data packet in the data stream may include only order fill and status information, etc. These and other formats may be used by the trading exchanges  20 ,  22 ,  24  to send out data streams. 
     All formats used by the electronic trading exchanges  20 ,  22 ,  24  are complex data streams that require a large number of cycles on a CPU or other processor included on a target device  12 ,  14 ,  16 . Such a complex data stream therefore is very slow to receive, process, display and/or other use on the target device  12 ,  14 ,  16 . The server device  26  accepts these and other complex data stream formats and splits the electronic trading information contained therein into the plural second data streams that are more manageable, easier and more effect to receive, use and display on the target devices  12 ,  14 ,  16 . 
     At Step  32 , the first data stream on the server device  26  is split into a plural second data streams. Each of the plural second data streams includes one or more of the plural different types of electronic trading information from the first data stream. For example, the first data stream including current market data, posting and canceling of order information, order fill and status information is split into plural separate data streams with one of the plural second data streams including only current market data, another one of the plural second data streams including only posting and canceling of order information, yet another one of the plural second data streams including only order fill and status information, etc. 
     At Step  34 , the plural second data streams are made available to the plural target device  12 ,  14 ,  16  via the server device  26 . The plural target devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  are allowed to selectively request one or more of the plural second data streams from the server device  26  thereby allowing an individual target device  12 ,  14 ,  16  to receive and use the one or more of the plural types of electronic trading information in the second data stream faster and more efficiently than receiving and using the same electronic trading information from the entire first data stream. 
     For example, a target device  12  may request one of the plural data streams relating only to current market data, while another target device  14  may request two plural data streams relating to posting and canceling of order information and order fill and status information, etc. Since a target device  12 ,  14 ,  16  can select only the individual data streams from plural second data streams that are desired, the target device  12 ,  14 ,  16  is able to receive and use the selected data streams from the plural data steams instead of receiving and processing the entire first data stream including all of the plural types of electronic trading information. 
     Using selected ones of the plural second data streams requires a smaller bandwidth to send the data stream over the communications network  18  to the target devices  12 ,  14 ,  16 . Using selected ones of the plural second data streams also requires less processing cycles for a processor or CPU on a target device  12 ,  14 ,  16 . Therefore, a user of target device  12 ,  14 ,  16  can make electronic trading decisions quicker. 
     In one embodiment, the one server device  26  is specifically configured for and optimized for receiving the first data stream  38 , for splitting the first data stream  38  into the plurality of second data streams  44 ,  46 ,  48  and receiving requests from the plurality of target devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  and selectively sending the requested information to the plurality of target devices  12 ,  14 ,  16 . 
     In other embodiments, plural server devices can be used instead of the one server device  26 . In such other embodiments each of the plural server devices are specifically configured for and optimized executing one, or more than one, of the steps of Method  28 . 
     Method  28  is illustrated with processing one first data stream from one trading exchange. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment and Method  28  can also be used to split plural first data streams into plural sets of plural second data streams. 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram illustrating a data flow  36  for Method  28 . At Step  30 , a first data stream  38  is received on a server device  26  including plural different types of electronic trading information A, B, C from an electronic trading exchange  20  via a communications network  18 . At Step  32 , the first data stream  38  is split into plural second data streams  44 ,  46 ,  48  on the server device  26 . Each of the plural second data streams  44 ,  46 ,  48  includes one or more of the plural types of electronic trading information from the first data stream. At Step  34 , the plural second data streams  44 ,  46 ,  48  are made available via the server device  26  to plural target devices  12 ,  14 ,  16 . The plural target devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  are allowed to selectively request one or more of the plural second data streams  44 ,  46 ,  48  from the server device  26  thereby allowing an individual target device  12 ,  14 ,  16  to receive and use the one or more of the plural types of electronic trading information in the second data streams  44 ,  46 ,  48  faster than receiving and using the same electronic trading information from the first data stream  38 . For example, target device  12  may request only one individual data stream  50  from the server device  26  that corresponds to data stream A  44  from the electronic trading exchange server  20 . Similarly target device  14  may request, three data streams C, F and I from three different trading exchanges  20 ,  22 ,  24  and target device  16  may request only two data streams C and H from trading exchange  22  and  24 . 
     In  FIG. 3 , the exemplary electronic trading exchanges are illustrated as providing only three different types of electronic trading information in a data stream for simplicity. An actual first data stream from the electronic trading exchanges  20 ,  24 ,  26  typically includes many more than three different type of electronic trading information. 
       FIG. 4  is flow diagram illustrating a Method  52  for processing electronic trading information. At Step  54 , a first data stream including plural types of electronic information related to electronic trading is received on a first server device from an electronic trading exchange via a communications network. At Step  56 , the data stream is sent to a second server device and split into plural second data streams where each of the plural second data streams includes one or more of the plural types of electronic information from the first data stream. At Step  58 , one or more of the plural second data streams are sent from the second server device to a third server device. The third server device sends one or more of the plural data streams over the communications network to target devices based on selective requests from the target devices. 
       FIG. 5  is a block diagram illustrating a data flow  60  for Method  52 . Data flow  60  illustrates one electronic trading exchange  20  and three servers  62 ,  64 ,  66 . 
     Method  52  is illustrated with an exemplary embodiment. However, the invention is not limited to this embodiment and other embodiments can also be used to practice the invention. 
     In such an exemplary embodiment at Step  54 , a first data stream  70  including plural types of electronic information related to electronic trading is received on a first server device  62  from an electronic trading exchange  20  via a communications network  18 . The first server device  62  is specifically configure for and optimized for receiving the first data stream  70  from the communications network  18 . 
     At Step  56 , the first data stream  70  is sent to a second server device  64  and split into plural second data streams  72 ,  74 ,  76  where each of the plural second data streams includes one or more of the plural types of electronic information from the first data stream  70 . The second server device  64  is specifically configured for and optimized for splitting the first data stream  70 . 
     At Step  58 , one or more of the plural second data streams  72 ,  74 ,  76  are sent from the second server device  64  to a third server device  66 . The third server device  66  makes the plural second data streams  72 ,  74 ,  76  available to the plural target devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  and sends one or more of the plural data streams  72 ,  74 ,  76  over the communications network  18  to a target device  12 ,  14 ,  16  based on selective requests from the target device. The third server device  66  is specifically configured for and optimized for receiving requests from the target devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  and selectively sending the requested information to the target devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  via the communications network  18 . 
     Method  52  is illustrated with three server devices. However, Method  52  can be practiced with more or fewer server devices and the present invention is not limited to three server devices. Method  52  is also illustrated with one communications network  18 . Method  52  can also be practiced with more than one communications network including both public and private communications network portions. 
     Method  52  also allows target devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  to selectively receive one or more of the plural second data streams based on selective requests. Thus, the information in the one or more plural data streams is received faster and is more easily and efficiently adapted to a user&#39;s preferences (e.g., an electronic trader) using the target devices  12 ,  14 ,  16 . Method  52  also allows for quicker sending and receiving of electronic trading orders as they are placed and filled. 
     Displaying Electronic Trading Information from Plural Data Streams 
       FIG. 6  is a flow diagram illustrating a Method  78  for displaying electronic trading information from plural data streams. At Step  80 , one or more plural second data streams are received on a target device from a server device via a communications network. The one or more plural second data streams were split from a first data stream including plural types of electronic information related to electronic trading from an electronic trading exchange. At Step  82 , electronic information from the one or more plural second data streams are displayed on an electronic display on the target device. The electronic display is selectively configurable by a user using the target device based on selected ones of the plural second data streams selected by a user. 
     Method  78  is illustrated with an exemplary embodiment. However, the invention is not limited to this embodiment and other embodiments can also be used to practice the invention. 
     In such an exemplary embodiment at Step  80 , one or more plural second data streams  44 ,  46 ,  48  are received on a target device  12 ,  14 ,  16  from a server device  26  via a communications network  18 . The one or more plural second data streams  44 ,  46 ,  48  were split from a first data stream  38  including plural types of electronic information related to electronic trading from an electronic trading exchange  20 . 
     At Step  82 , electronic information from the one or more plural second data streams  44 ,  46 ,  48  are displayed on an electronic display on the target device  12 ,  14 ,  16 . The electronic display is selectively configurable by a user using the target device based on selected ones of the plural second data streams selected by a user. For example, a user may configure a window-X for one of the selected plural second data streams, a window-Y for another one of the selected plural second data streams  44 ,  46 ,  48 , etc. where each window, X, Y, etc. includes specific characteristics configured by the user (e.g., size, shape, color, etc.). 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, the plural second data streams  40 ,  42 ,  44  are displayed in multiple windows on the electronic display. The multiple windows, include, but are not limited to, a positions window, a market watcher window, a trade window and other types of windows displaying information relevant to electronic trading using information from the plural second data streams  44 ,  46 ,  48 . 
     Table 1 illustrated an exemplary positions window that is displayed on the electronic display of a target device  12 ,  14 ,  16  using one of the plural second data streams  44  related to market positions. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Issue 
                 Position 
                 P&amp;L 
                 Price 
                 Commission 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 usg 10Y 
                 1 
                 225 
                 111-14 
                 54 
               
               
                   
                 10Y Dec03 FT 
                 100 
                 288 
                 113-18 
                 24 
               
               
                   
                 Total 
                   
                 513 
                   
                 78 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table 2 illustrates an exemplary market watcher window that displays cash and futures pricing information using another one of the plural second data streams  46  related to cash and futures pricing. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Issue 
                 BidPrice 
                 BidQty 
                 AskPrice 
                 AskQty 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 usg 10Y 
                 111-145 
                 5 
                 111-14 
                 42 
               
               
                 10Y Dec03 FT 
                 113-19  
                 60 
                 113-18 
                 32 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Table 3 illustrates an exemplary trade window that displays information about a current day&#39;s trades using another one of the plural second data streams  48  related to cash and futures pricing. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Desc. 
                 Price 
                 Quan. 
                 Side 
                 Time 
                 Facility 
                 Type 
                 TradeID 
                 Price32 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 usg 10Y 
                 100.4838 
                 1 
                 Sell 
                  7:05:33 
                 A 
                 Cash 
                 SA43217 
                 100-15.5 
               
               
                 usg 10Y 
                 100.4838 
                 1 
                 Sell 
                 11:04.18 
                 A 
                 Cash 
                 SA43217 
                 100-15.5 
               
               
                 usg 10Y 
                 10.4537 
                 1 
                 Sell 
                 11:10:15 
                 A 
                 Cash 
                 BA43217 
                 100-14.5 
               
               
                 10Y 
                 113.5313 
                 1 
                 Sell 
                 17:10:43 
                 A/C/E 
                 Future 
                 2858590 
                 113-17   
               
               
                 DEC 03 
               
               
                 FT 
               
               
                 10Y 
                 113.5313 
                 1 
                 Sell 
                 17:11:29 
                 A/C/E 
                 Future 
                 28585090 
                 113-17   
               
               
                 Dec03 
               
               
                 FT 
               
               
                 10Y 
                 113.5625 
                 1 
                 Sell 
                 13:05:58 
                 A/C/E 
                 Future 
                 28522090 
                 113-18   
               
               
                 Dec03 
               
               
                 FT 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The information illustrated in Tables 1-3 are exemplary only. Other types of electronic information in other formats can also be used and the invention is not limited to the electronic information displayed that is obtained from the plural second data streams  44 ,  46 ,  48 . 
     Methods  28 ,  52  and  78  can be used to provide real-time notification and display of electronic cash and futures trades, real-time calculation of profit and loss (P&amp;L) marked to market, including commissions, real-time calculation of positions, ability for a trader to manually enter and edit voice trades or possible trades, to alter P&amp;L positions and simple viewing, searching and printing of day trades. 
     The electronic information from the plural second data stream can also be dumped into and displayed directly from electronic spreadsheets such as Microsoft Excel and other electronic spreadsheets. 
     In another embodiment of the invention, an interface (e.g., a web-page) is provided on a server device  26  on the communications network  18  allows a user to login and view electronic trading information related to their own electronic trading activities. The electronic information is obtained from the plural second data streams  44 ,  46 ,  48 . 
     Providing Risk Management Assessment for Electronic Trading 
     “Risk management” is the discipline of identifying, monitoring and limiting risks. Risk management methodologies typically consist of a number of analysis steps, including but not limited to, identifying critical assets, identifying, characterizing, and assessing threats to the identified assets, assessing the vulnerability of critical assets, identifying ways to reduce vulnerability of critical assets, creating a risk management strategy and prioritizing risk reduction measures. 
     The risk management strategies include, but are not limited to, transferring the risk to another party, avoiding the risk, reducing the negative effect of the risk, and accepting some or all of the consequences of an existing risk. In ideal risk management, a prioritization process is followed whereby the risks with the greatest loss and the greatest probability of occurring are handled first, and risks with lower probability of occurrence and lower loss are handled in descending order. 
     Once risks have been identified and assessed, techniques to manage the risk typically fall into one or more major categories including, but not limited to, risk avoidance, risk reduction, risk transfer and/or risk retention. 
     Risk management is used for electronic trading to identify and mitigate risks associated with electronic trading. Risk management is analyzed at plural levels, including but not limited to, a trader, broker, trading firm, fund manager, trading exchange level, etc. 
     For example, trading of commodities futures contracts is a zero sum transaction wherein there is a winner and a loser for every trade and trades are reconciled daily. An electronic trader typically opens a trading account (also called a “margin account”) with a certain minimum amount of trading capital with one or more brokers who provide the ability for the electronic trader to execute electronic trades on one or more trading exchanges. 
     A “margin” is collateral that the holder of a trading position (e.g., electronic trader, etc.) in securities, options, or futures contracts has to deposit to cover the credit risk of his/her broker. This risk can arise if the electronic trader has borrowed cash from the broker to buy securities or options, sold securities or options short, or entered into a futures contract, etc. Risk management typically includes evaluating not only electronic trading activities, but also margin values for one or more margin accounts held by the electronic trader. 
     If an electronic trader is trading a commodity contract, and has bought the contract expecting the price of the commodity to rise, the trader may lose money if the price of the commodity declines. Theoretically, the trader&#39;s risk of loss is limited only by the price of the commodity going to zero, the point at which the trader has lost all of his/her money. 
     If a trader sells a commodity contract short expecting the price of the commodity to decline, the trader will lose money if the price of the commodity goes up. The risk of loss is theoretically unlimited because there is no absolute ceiling on how high the price of the commodity can go. 
     Risk management is important not only for an electronic trader, but for brokers, trading firms, fund managers, trading exchanges and other entities involved in electronic trading and other types of electronic and non-electronic (e.g., open outcry, etc.) trading. 
     A “commodity broker” is a firm or individual who executes orders to buy or sell commodity contracts on behalf of clients and charges them a commission. A firm or individual who trades for his/her own account electronically via a commodity broker (or other broker) is called an “electronic trader.” Commodity contracts include futures, options, and similar financial derivatives. Clients who trade commodity contracts are either hedgers using the derivatives markets to manage risk, or speculators who are willing to assume that risk from hedgers in hopes of a profit. 
     Other types of brokers include Futures Commission Merchants (FCMs), Independent Introducing Brokers (IIBs), Guaranteed Introducing Brokers (GIBs), Foreign Introducing Brokers (FIBs), Commodity Trading Advisors (CTAs), Commodity Pool Operators (CPOs) Broker-Dealers (B/Ds) and other types of brokers. 
     The present invention presents a solution to manage risk for electronic trading and for non-electronic trading. One of the benefits of this solution is the ability to capture information about a trade independent of the source of execution of the trade. The trade execution could be electronic execution by the electronic trader, a broker executed trade, an open outcry trading floor based trade or a walk-in trade. 
     The present invention also provides risk management by looking at a trader via an “integrated viewpoint.” The present invention is unique and provides unexpected results because the present invention aggregates a trader&#39;s activities across all their trading accounts, their current and historical trades and trade locations on all trading exchanges (e.g., Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), NASDAQ, Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE), London International Financial and Futures Options Exchange (LIFFE), etc.) and values of all their margin capital accounts. 
     Analyzing Risk for Electronic Trading 
       FIG. 7  is a flow diagram illustrating a Method  84  for analyzing risk for electronic trading. At Step  86 , electronic trading information for an electronic trader is collected periodically in real-time via a communications network via a risk application executing in a memory on a network device. The collected electronic trading information includes current and historical electronic trading execution information and current market trading information from plural data streams from plural electronic trading exchanges, one or more trading accounts being used by the electronic trader. The one or more trading accounts including current trading positions and current available trading capital in the one or more trading accounts. At Step  88 , the electronic trading information is processed with a pre-determined method to create a set of risk parameters. The set of risk parameters include current risk parameters and historical risk parameters and provide an integrated view of current and historical trading activities and trading resources of the electronic trader across all electronic trading exchanges the electronic trader is trading on (e.g., Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), NASDAQ, Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE), London International Financial and Futures Options Exchange (LIFFE), etc.). At Step  90 , a risk assessment is determined from the created set of risk parameters. The risk assessment includes one or more risk thresholds determined automatically and dynamically from the created set of risk parameters. At Step  92 , a test is conducted to determine if the risk assessment exceeds one or more of the determined risk thresholds. If the determined risk exceeds one or more of the determined risk thresholds, one or more trading alerts are issued in real-time at Step  94 . The one or more real-time trading alerts are used to notify a trader, one or more brokers servicing the electronic parties and other designated parties that a trader has currently exceeded one or more of the determined risk thresholds. 
     Method  84  is illustrated with one exemplary embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment and other embodiments can also be used to practice the invention. 
     In such an exemplary embodiment at Step  86 , electronic trading information for an electronic trader is automatically and periodically collected in real-time via a communications network  18  via a risk application  27  executing in a memory on a server network device  26 . In another embodiment, the risk application  27  is executing on the target network devices  12 ,  14 ,  16 . In another embodiment, the risk application  27  is executing on both the server network device  26  and the target network devices  12 ,  14 ,  16 . The risk application  27  displays plural graphical windows on a graphical user interface (GUI) used for electronic trading. In another embodiment, an electronic trading application  25  instead displays the plural graphical windows and includes as an integral component risk application  27 . 
     The collected electronic trading information includes current and historical electronic trading execution information and current market trading information from plural data streams  38 - 48  from plural electronic trading exchanges  20 ,  22 ,  24 , one or more trading accounts being used by the electronic trader. The one or more trading accounts including current trading positions, profits and loss and current available trading capital in the one or more trading accounts including margin accounts. 
     In one embodiment, the one or more trading accounts including trading accounts at one or more brokers. For example, the electronic trader may have a trading account with one or more brokers such Rosenthal Collins Group, LLC, Cantor Fitzgerald, E-trade, etc. Electronic trading information is automatically, collected for all trading accounts being used by the electronic trader. 
     In such an embodiment, electronic trading information from plural data streams  38 ,  40 ,  42 ,  44 ,  46 ,  48  from plural electronic trading exchanges  20 ,  22 ,  24  is received via a communications network  18  on a target device  12 ,  14 ,  16 . 
     In one embodiment, the plural data streams include original real-time data streams  38 ,  40 ,  42  and/or historical data streams from the electronic trading exchanges. In another embodiment, the plural data streams include the plural second data streams  44 ,  46 ,  48  that were processed by server  26  as was described above with Methods  28 ,  52  and/or  78 . As was discussed above methods  28 ,  52  and  78  can be used to provide real-time notification and display of electronic stock, bond, cash, financials, options and commodity futures trades, real-time calculation of profit and loss (P&amp;L) marked to market, including commissions, real-time calculation of current positions in multi-level markets. This information is provided for more real and synthetic trades trading spreads and yield curves. 
     In one embodiment, the processed electronic trading information is used in part for risk assessment. In such an embodiment, the Methods  28 ,  52  and/or  78  described are used to increase the speed at which electronic trading information is available for desired uses. However, the present invention is not limited to the processing Methods  28 ,  52  and/or  78  and other methods can also be used to practice the invention. 
     At Step  88 , the electronic trading information is processed with a pre-determined method to create a set of risk parameters. The set of risk parameters include current risk parameters and historical risk parameters and provide an integrated view of current and historical trading activities and trading resources of the electronic trader. 
     In one embodiment, the set of risk parameters include, but are not limited to, maximum absolute position value by all accounts on all trading exchanges, absolute net position change by all accounts on all trading exchanges, total change in all positions in all accounts in all trading exchanges, total account value decline of greater than a pre-determined threshold (e.g., greater than 20%, etc.), total trade volume and net profit and loss. 
     In one embodiment, the pre-determined method, includes, but is not limited to, producing real-time statistical studies of the collected electronic trading information including real-time statistical studies of historical electronic trading information and real-time statistical studies of current electronic trading information. 
     At Step  90 , a risk assessment is determined from the created set of risk parameters. The risk assessment includes, but is not limited to, total account values, prior historical trading histories, current trading histories, etc. across all accounts with all brokers, etc. on all trading exchanges. The risk assessment includes one or more risk thresholds determined automatically and dynamically from the created set of risk parameters. 
     In one embodiment, Step  90  includes a Method  109  for dynamically and automatically determining and setting threshold values for alerts in real-time. 
       FIG. 10  is flow diagram illustrating a Method  109  for automatically and dynamically determining a risk threshold. A step  10 , plural threshold values are dynamically and automatically determined in real-time for plural different current trading alerts using a set risk parameters. The plural threshold values are dynamically and automatically determined using a pre-determined hierarchy. At Step  112 , plural threshold values are dynamically and automatically determined in real-time for plural historical trading alerts using the set of risk parameters. The plural threshold values are dynamically and automatically determined using statistical modeling of historical trading data. 
     In one embodiment of Method  109 , threshold values for two types of trading alerts are determined. The trading alerts include two types of alerts: (1) current trading alerts; and (2) historical trading alerts. However, the present invention is not limited to this number or type of alerts and more fewer or other types of alerts can also be used to practice the invention. 
     The current trading alerts are based upon current trading activities by the electronic trader. The historical trading alerts are based upon historical trading activities of the electronic trader. 
     The current trading alerts and the historical alerts each have three levels of alerts: (1) notification; (2) warning; (3) emergency alerts. However, the present invention is not limited to this number or type of alerts and more fewer or other types of alerts can also be used to practice the invention. 
     In one embodiment, the notification alert would simply notify the electronic trader of an impending risk condition, the warning alert would notify the electronic trader risk parameters may be currently exceeded or will be exceeded shortly and the emergency alert would notify the electronic trader of an emergency condition in which risk parameters have been exceed and electronic trading is being suspended and/or terminated until the electronic trader takes some addition action (e.g., provides more capital to a margin account, removes one or more trading positions, etc.). 
     In one embodiment, for current trading alerts, the alert thresholds are automatically and dynamically determined based on dynamic or static risk management trading value amounts currently being used for a pre-determined hierarchy. In one embodiment, the pre-determined hierarchy is an account hierarchy that includes: (1) trading firm; (2) trading firm office (e.g., a trading firm may have plural offices at plural geographic locations, etc.); and (3) trading account. In another embodiment, the pre-determined hierarchy includes: (1) current trading positions (electronic and open outcry, etc.); (2) historical trading activity; (3) trading account margins. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment and other hierarchies with more, fewer or different components can also be used to practice the invention. 
     Current trading alerts are used to notify parties of risk based on current market conditions. This includes extreme risk trades, described as O&#39;Hare trades below. However, the present invention is not limited to this method for determining threshold values for standard alerts, and other methods for this and other types of alerts can be used to practice the invention. 
     In one embodiment, for historical alerts, the alert threshold is based on a model of all of the electronic trader&#39;s accounts historical behavior. In one embodiment, the historical alert thresholds are calculated dynamically and automatically in real-time using statistical modeling in part using the formula illustrated in Equation (1). However, the present invention is not limited to this formula and other formulas can be used to practice the invention.
 
Maximum of ((X*average account daily trade volume)+(Y*(standard deviation of account daily trade volume)) or Base Value,  (1)
 
where X and Y are trading values determined for the electronic trader.
 
     Historical trading information is used for evaluating risk for an electronic trader as in certain instances, based on current economic conditions, current market conditions, current margin amounts, an electronic trader may execute a trade with a larger or extreme amount of risk not only to the trader, but to the broker, trading firm, etc. In addition, a trader who has been making certain kinds of electronic trades with certain defined sets of trading parameters, may all of a sudden start making different kinds and amounts of electronic trades, thereby increasing the risk to the trader, broker, trading firm, etc. In such a circumstance, the broker, trading firm, etc. may be alerted in real-time and require the electronic trader take some additional steps to continue trading (e.g., add more money to margin accounts, remove other trading positions, etc.). 
     Near the far end of the trading risk spectrum, extreme risk can exist for all parties involved in an electronic trade. Around Chicago, Ill., such as trade is called on “O&#39;hare Trade” since one major airport is the Chicago O&#39;Hare airport. For an O&#39;hare Trade, an electronic trader may risk everything they have, and typically more than everything they have, on one or more trades. Such extreme risk trades may actually be executed electronically while physically at the O&#39;Hare airport. If the electronic trader successfully “wins” the extreme risk trade, everything is ok and the electronic trader may return home or immediately go on vacation to celebrate a big win. 
     However, it the electronic trader “loses” the extreme risk trade, the electronic trader may then actually board and airplane at O&#39;hare airport and fly away and never return. For such a extreme risk trade that is lost, the broker, trading firm, etc. may be stuck absorbing the loss from the O&#39;hare Trade since the electronic trader may never be found or not have enough total assets to cover the trade. The present invention is designed in part to alert a broker, trading firm, etc. of such an extreme high risk trade. 
     Returning to  FIG. 7 , at Step  92 , a test is conducted to determine if the risk assessment exceeds one or more of the determined risk thresholds. The test is conducted periodically and continuously in real-time as trader&#39;s positions dynamically change and as market conditions dynamically change. 
     If the determined risk exceeds one or more of the determined risk thresholds, one or more different types of risk trading alerts are issued in real-time at Step  94 . The one or more types of risk trading alerts are used to notify a trader, broker, trading firm office, trading firm, fund manager, trading exchanges, etc. that a trader has currently exceeded a risk management threshold. Such risk alerts can also be used to notify the trader of current risk associated with trading position. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, generating any pre-risk trading alert of a pre-determined type (e.g., warning, emergency, etc.) automatically suspends trading by the electronic trader on one or more trading accounts. 
     In another embodiment, generation of any risk trading alerts of any kind may also temporarily or permanently alter or prohibit additional trades by a trader until market conditions change, the trader supplies more capital to an account used for trading, the trader supplies more capital to the trader&#39;s broker or other pre-determined risk conditions, etc. 
     In one embodiment, the one or more risk trading alerts are issued in real-time to and sent in real-time to broker servers  26  for which the electronic trader has the one or more electronic trading accounts. The broker may suspend or limit further trades for the trader. The trading alerts may also be sent in real-time to the one or more trading exchanges  20 ,  22 ,  24 . The trading alerts may also be sent to target device  12 ,  14 ,  16  to alert a trader that he/she has exceeded a risk threshold for his/her electronic trading. 
     In one embodiment, Method  84  is practiced on the target devices  12 ,  14   16 . In another embodiment, Method  84  is practiced on the server device  26 . In another embodiment, it is practiced on both the target devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  and the server device  26 . 
     In one exemplary embodiment, Method  84  is practiced using an additional event-driven architecture (EDA) and/or complex event processing (CEP). Risk assessment is completed using EDA and/or CEP. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment and Method  84  can be practiced without EDA and/or CEP. 
     EDA is a style of application architecture centered on asynchronous “push-based” communication. EDA is an architecture used for implementing “straight-through” multistage business processes that deliver goods, services and information with minimum delay such as electronic trading. Processes designed using EDA are also easier to modify than traditional applications. 
     CEP uses techniques for the detection of complex patterns of plural events, event correlation and abstraction, event hierarchies, and relationships between events such as causality, membership, and timing, and event-driven processes. CEP is used to extract the information value from multiple events including electronic trading. CEP systems find patterns in event data to detect opportunities and threats. Timely alerts are created and then pushed to the appropriate recipients, often using graphical Business Activity Monitoring (BAM) dashboards or other graphical displays. The result is faster and better operational decisions and more timely responses including those used for risk assessment in electronic trading. CEP technology is technology that it interacts with surrounding messaging infrastructure via adapters such as software development kits (SDK). CEP uses built-in integration with stored data (relational and otherwise) provides access to reference data repositories, historical data or other contextual systems. 
     In such an embodiment, the test at Step  92  may not be used since providing risk trading alerts is event based. In such an embodiment, risk trading alerts are generated dynamically and automatically as the risk assessments and risk thresholds are dynamically and automatically calculated. 
     Analyzing Risk for Electronic Trading Using a Graphical User Interface 
       FIG. 8  is a flow diagram illustrating a Method  96  for analyzing risk for electronic trading. At Step  98 , plural risk assessments for electronic trading are received on a risk application a network device via a communications network in real-time. The plural risk assessments include, but is not limited to, total account values, prior historical trading histories, current trading histories, etc. across all accounts with all brokers, etc. on all trading exchanges. The risk assessment also includes one or more risk thresholds determined automatically and dynamically from a created set of risk parameters. The set of risk parameters include current risk parameters and historical risk parameters and provide an integrated view of current and historical trading activities and trading resources of the electronic trader. At Step  100 , the plural risk assessments are displayed in plural colors in one more windows on a graphical user interface in real-time. At Step  102 , one or more risk trading alerts for a trader who have exceeded a pre-determined risk assessment threshold are displayed in real-time. The risk trading alerts are used to alter trading activity of traders who have exceeded the one or more created risk thresholds. 
     Method  96  is illustrated with one exemplary embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment and other embodiments can also be used to practice the invention. 
     At Step  98 , plural risk assessments for electronic trading are received on the risk application  27  server device  26  via a communications network  18  in real-time. In one embodiment, the plural risk assessments are determined using Method  84 . The plural risk assessments include, but is not limited to, total account values, prior historical trading histories, current trading histories, etc. across all accounts with all brokers, etc. on all trading exchanges. The risk assessment also includes one or more risk thresholds determined automatically and dynamically from a created set of risk parameters. The set of risk parameters include current risk parameters and historical risk parameters and provide an integrated view of current and historical trading activities and trading resources of the electronic trader. In another embodiment, plural risk assessments for electronic trading are also received on the risk application  27  on target network devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  via a communications network  18  in real-time. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment and other methods can also be used to determine the plural risk assessments. 
     At Step  100 , the plural risk assessments are displayed in plural colors on a graphical user interface in real-time. At Step  100 , the plural risk assessments are displayed in plural colors on a graphical user interface in real-time. In one embodiment, the graphical user interface includes multiple windows. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates one exemplary embodiment of the invention including a graphical user interface. However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment and other embodiments can also be used to practice the invention. 
       FIG. 9  is a block diagram  104  illustrating graphical display of risk assessment for electronic trading. The risk assessment for electronic traders executing electronic trades is displayed in multiple windows on a graphical user interface. The display is exemplary only and the present invention is not limited to such a display and types of displays can also be used to practice the invention. In addition, the risk assessment may also displayed in a non-graphical format using for example, electronic text, in one or more colors. 
     At Step  102 , one or more risk trading alerts for trader who have exceeded a pre-determined risk assessment threshold are displayed in real-time. The risk trading alert is used to alter trading activity of traders who have exceeded the predetermined risk threshold. 
     In one embodiment the risk trading alerts are created and sent via Method  84 . However, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment and other methods can also be used to practice the invention. 
     In one embodiment, the risk trading alerts are used by entities who service electronic traders, such as brokers, firms, trading exchanges, etc. In one embodiment, the risk trading alerts are used to alter trading activity of traders who have exceeded the predetermined risk threshold. The risk trading alert is used to notify a trader, broker, trading exchanges, etc. that a trader has currently exceeded a risk management threshold. Such a risk trading alert notifies the trader of current risk associated with trading position. The risk trading alert may also temporarily or permanently alter or prohibit additional trades by a trader until market conditions change, the trader supplies more capital to an account used for trading, the trader supplies more capital to the trader&#39;s broker or other pre-determined risk conditions. 
     In one embodiment, risk assessment and management information is displayed in a first type of specialized risk assessment and management graphical window. The graphical user interface includes the first type of specialized risk assessment and management graphical window includes a Risk Display window with various types of multi-color line graphs, bar graphs,  106 ,  106 ′ etc. all displaying risk assessments in various formats in multiple graphical user interface windows. In one embodiment, the graphical user interface may include a risk management graphical meter  108 ,  108 ′ wherein real-time risk assessments are displayed in green area when risk assessments are within less than some percentage of a pre-determined risk threshold (e.g., less than 10%, etc.), a yellow area when risk assessments are greater than some percentage of the pre-determined risk threshold (e.g., zero to 9%, etc.) and a red area when the pre-determined risk threshold has been exceeded and a risk trading alert has been issued. 
     In one embodiment, the risk assessments are displayed in plural colors on a graphical user interface in real-time using CEP and the Coral8 version of tools and Coral8 portal interface by Coral Corporation of Fremont, Calif. In another embodiment of the invention, the risk assessments are displayed in plural colors on a graphical user interface in real-time using the inventions described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/180,330, 11/540,062 and 11/542,586, the contents of all of which are incorporated by reference. 
     Aggregated Book View/Ask Bid Volume (ABV) Window 
     The ABV Window allows the user to view bid size and offer size by price for a particular instrument in a market depth-type format. The window displays working orders for a selected account in a single instrument. The data on this window is automatically and dynamically displayed and updated in real-time. The window also allows the user to enter various order types. In one embodiment, two ABV widows are displayed by default. In another embodiment, one or more than two ABV windows are displayed by default. 
       FIG. 11  is a block diagram of screen shot of an exemplary ABV window  114  produced by risk application  27  displayed on GUI  32 . The ABV window  114  includes a dynamically displayed Price column  116 . 
     In one embodiment, the ABV window  114  displays a buy column, a bid column, a dynamic price column  116 , an ask column, a sell column, a quantity column, a re-center button, a cancel buy button, a cancel sell button, a cancel all button, a market buy button, a flatten button, a bracket button, a TStop button, a net position, a total P/L and a risk management display  108 ′ or a Risk Query Tool  152 . However, the present invention is not limited to displaying these items and more, fewer or other items can be displayed in the ABV window  116  to practice the invention. The risk management display  108 ′ is illustrated as a risk management graphical meter  108 ′. However, the present invention is not limited such a risk management display and other types of risk management displays  104  ( 106 ,  106 ′,  108 , etc.) can also be used to practice the invention. 
     The user can select an instrument or contract to view in an ABV window  114 , and can change the instrument or contract from this window  114 . Changing the instrument or contract changes the data displayed to that of the selected instrument or contract. The user can select an account from available accounts. The window  114  displays the total quantity of orders working in the market at each price. Both buy and sell quantities are displayed. Quantities are updated as the instrument order book changes. The window  114  displays an indicator depicting the all of the user&#39;s open orders, for the selected account, at each price. The window  114  indicates a state of each order. Open order states include, but are not limited to: Queued, Sent, Working, Part Filled, Cancel Pending and Amend Pending, Held, Cancelled, Filled. 
     This window  114  indicates the order type for each order. The window  114  indicates the working quantity of each order. The window  114  displays parked orders for the selected instrument. The window  114  displays the user&#39;s net position in the selected instrument for the selected account. The window  114  displays the trade quantities for each corresponding price level. The user can select to view the total quantity currently trading at a price. This quantity is increased as each trade at a price occurs. The cumulative quantity remains in the window  66  until the price changes (at which time the cumulative trade quantity for the new price will be shown). 
     The user selects to view the last quantity currently trading at a price. This view shows the individual trade quantities. Only quantities for the current price are shown. The window  114  displays the total traded volume for the instrument. The window  66  displays all of the aforementioned data at once. 
     The user sets and adjusts the specified quantity for orders entered via this window  114 . The quantity is set via a spinner, text entry or keypad entry. Each key-pad input increases a specified quantity by an amount displayed on the key (key value). The user selects to have the specified quantity set to zero after order entry. The user resets the quantity to zero (i.e., without entering an order). A right click on the mouse increases the quantity, left click decreases the quantity. 
     Orders entered via this window  114  will have a quantity equal to the quantity specified at time of entry. The default account for any orders entered from the ABV window  114  is the selected account. The can enter a limit order by clicking a cell in the bid quantity or offer quantity columns. Limit orders are default order type. 
     Order side will be set to BUY if the user clicks in the bid quantity column  118 . Order side will be set to SELL if the user clicks in the offer quantity column  120 . Orders will have a quantity equal to the specified quantity. Order limit price must equal the price corresponding to the clicked offer/bid quantity. 
     The user enters a stop order by clicking a cell in the bid or offer quantity columns  118 ,  120  Order side will be set to BUY if the user clicks in the bid quantity column  118 . Order side will be set to SELL if the user clicks in the offer quantity column  120 . Orders must have a quantity equal to the specified quantity. The order stop price will equal the price corresponding to the clicked offer/bid quantity. The order is entered for the selected account. The user is able to enter a buy stop below the market or a sell stop above the market. If the user does this, a window appears, warning the user that the buy or sell will be immediately executed. 
     The user can enter an OCO (One Cancels Other) pair of orders. The user can also enter a profit/loss bracket. The user can enter a trailing stop. The user can also enter an “If-Then Strategy.” 
     The user can change the limit price of a working limit order by dragging the working order indicator to a new price. The user can change the stop price of a working stop order by dragging the working order indicator to a new price. This will cause a cancel replace to be entered at the electronic trading exchange  20 ,  22 . The user can change the quantity of a working order by right clicking in the cell displaying the working order. A right click on a mouse displays a context menu listing order quantities centered on the current quantity. The user can also adjust account number. 
     The user can cancel a working order with a single mouse click. The user can cancel all open orders in the instrument for the selected account. The can cancel all open buy orders in the instrument for the selected account. The user can cancel all open sell orders in the instrument for the selected account. 
     Users can have orders at a price displayed as a concatenated total, or displayed as each individual order. When the display of individual orders is to large for the display, individual orders will be displayed starting with the first order entered and then the remaining orders that do not fit in the display will be concatenated. Concatenated orders are indicated as such using a symbol that is attached to the total. Users can also adjust the display of the ABV by adding or removing columns, buttons and functions. 
     The user uses the open position in the instrument for the selected account. This window  114  includes a Flatten button for flattening the net position. When the user chooses to flatten, all working orders for the instrument are canceled and an order is entered that flattens the net position (i.e., the quantity of the order will be equal to the net position and the order will be placed on the opposite side of the net position). The flattening is achieved with a single order (i.e., the user cannot enter more than one order to flatten). 
     The user can center the dynamic Price column  116  on the current market. The user can scroll the dynamic Price column  116  to display prices above or below the current market. All data is displayed real-time. 
     This ABV window  114  follows the standard window rules laid out in the Standard Window. The data in this window is displayed in a grid, but this grid will not follow all of the standard grid rules. 
     The user can choose from a list of columns to display. Certain columns will be displayed by default. Certain columns will not be removable (price for example). The user can change the order of the displayed columns by dragging a column heading to a new position. The user can manually resize a column. The user can resize all columns to fit the screen. The user can resize all columns to fit the contents. The user can resize a selected column to fit the contents. Double clicking on the column heading border sizes a column so that data only is displayed with no redundant space. 
     The user can change the font for all columns in the grid. The user can change the font for an individual column. The user can change the foreground color of a column. The user can change the background color of a column. The user can restore the default grid settings. 
     The ABV window  114  is resizable. When it is resized, the columns expand and contract so that all data is still shown. However, after resizing the window, the user can resize the columns to get rid of wasted space and then change the font size (i.e., so it&#39;s more readable when the screen is small). 
     This ABV window  114  will display the following fields illustrated in Table 8 in a ladder format. However, the present invention is not limited there fields and more, fewer or other types of fields can be used to practice the invention. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 Price 
               
               
                   
                  Centered on the current market prices when launched. 
               
               
                   
                 Market Bid Quantity 
               
               
                   
                 Market Offer Quantity 
               
               
                   
                 Trade Quantity as determined. 
               
               
                   
                 Open Buy Orders indicating status, type and quantity for each order 
               
               
                   
                 Open Sell Orders indicating status, type and quantity for each order 
               
               
                   
                 Parked Orders 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The ABV window  114  displays real-time data for a particular contract, allowing a user to get a current snapshot of the market. Thus, the ABV window  114  can also be considered an “Ask, Bid, Volume” window. 
     An instrument or contract can be added to an open ABV window  114  in the same way that a contract was added to a Quotes window. Simply select the contract that to display and then drag it into the ABV window  114 . Contracts can be dragged from any of the windows displayed on the screen. 
     Once a contract has been added to the ABV window, the data illustrated in Table 4 is displayed on the ABV window. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 A current number of Bids 118 and Asks 120 on an electronic trading exchange 20, 22 for 
               
               
                 particular price levels. 
               
               
                 A total quantity currently trading at a certain price. 
               
               
                 A number in parentheses 122 next to the total quantity is the last quantity traded at that 
               
               
                 price. 
               
               
                 A price in red is the daily high 124. A price shown in blue is the daily low 126. A last 
               
               
                 traded price is shown in gray 126. 
               
               
                 The last traded price 128 is also highlighted on a dynamic price column 116. When there 
               
               
                 has been an uptick in this price, this cell will be green. When there has been a downtick, 
               
               
                 this cell will be red. If there has been no change, this cell will appear yellow. 
               
               
                 The Buy and Sell columns display a total number of open orders at each particular price. 
               
               
                 For example, a “W2” in the Buy column indicates that there are working orders with a 
               
               
                 total quantity of two at the specified price. 
               
               
                 Net Position and Total P/L on the ABV can be monitored by simply referring to the lower 
               
               
                 right hand corner of the window. 
               
               
                 Risk Assessment Management View 108′ 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 a. 
                 A user is able to view a real-time risk illustrating current and historical trading 
               
               
                   
                 activities and current and historical trading positions across all accounts across 
               
               
                   
                 all trading exchanges. 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Risk Report via Risk Query Tool 152 
               
            
           
           
               
               
            
               
                 a. 
                 A user or a broker is able to view a risk report illustrating current and historical 
               
               
                   
                 trading activities and current and historical trading positions across all accounts 
               
               
                   
                 across all trading exchanges. 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     On the ABV window  114 , the price of any open Buy or Sell orders can be amended. To change the price of an order, a row selector that corresponds with the order to amend is selected buy left-clicking and holding down a left mouse button, dragging a cursor connected to the mouse up or down to a desired new price and releasing the mouse button. A white cursor arrow appears to indicate a change in price. The price amended will be submitted as soon as the mouse is released. If there multiple orders at the same price (and on the same side), all of the orders will be amended to the new price when dragging the concatenated order. The user can cancel a signal order at a price where multiple orders exist. They can also modify a single order at a price where multiple orders exist. They do this by selecting the individual order and dragging and dropping. 
     Another feature of the ABV window  114  is that a desired position on the dynamically displayed Price column  116  can be moved. If it is desired to scroll up or down on a market price on the dynamically displayed Price column  116 , the dynamically displayed Price column  66  is hovered over with a mouse. A yellow cursor arrow will appear, pointing up if the mouse cursor is in the top half of the dynamic price column  116 , or down, if the mouse cursor is in the bottom half of the dynamic Price column  116 . Clicking on the cursor arrow will scroll the grid in the direction that the arrow points. 
     The ABV window  114  provides a dynamic Price column  120  centered upon the lasted traded price that dynamically, automatically and continuously changes with fluctuations in the last traded  130  price. To enter an order, a mouse cursor is hovered anywhere in the ABV window  114 . This mouse hover puts a user in the “order entry mode.” In the order entry mode a trade near last traded price can be entered or prices on the dynamic price column can be manually adjusted away from the last traded price. To scroll up or down the market prices on the dynamic Price column  116  to enter a trade, the mouse cursor is hovered over the dynamic Price column  116 . A large yellow arrow will appear, pointing up if the mouse cursor is in the top half of the dynamic price column, or down, the mouse cursor is in the bottom half of the dynamic price column. Clicking on the large yellow arrow will scroll the prices in the dynamic price column in the direction that the large arrow points so a trade can be entered away from a current market price. 
     If the dynamic Price column  116  is scrolled up or down and the last traded price is not centered on your ABV, the dynamic price column will start to scroll until the last traded price is again centered in the ABV window  114 . In addition, if there is no further activity from a mouse for a period of time the dynamic Price column  116  will also start to scroll. As a visual indication, just before the dynamic price column begins to scroll, the mouse cursor will turn yellow and start to flash. This is a warning that the ABV window is about to begin re-centering around the last traded price. If, at any time, the mouse cursor is moved out of the ABV window, you leave the order entry mode and the ABV will automatically re-center the dynamic price column on the last traded price the next time the market price changes. 
     Stop and limit orders can also be entered on the ABV window  116  with just a click of a mouse. Before entering limit or stop orders an account is chosen and a quantity is entered. If a user has access to multiple accounts, the user can select the desired account by using the Account drop down menu. The user can input a number of lots to trade by typing the number in, by using the + or −buttons, or by using a keypad. A default quantity can be set via the Settings window. After selecting an account and quantity, limit and stop orders can be placed. 
     To enter a Buy Limit order, the mouse is clicked in the Bid column next to the Price to enter the order for. A limit order to buy will be entered at that price for the quantity specified, and a new working order will be reflected in the Buy column. Likewise, to enter a Sell Limit order, the mouse is clicked in the Ask column next to the Price to enter the order for. 
     To enter a Buy Stop order, the mouse is right-clicked in the Bid column next to the Price to enter the order for. A stop order to buy will be entered at that price for the quantity specified, and a new order will be reflected in the Buy column. Similarly, to enter a Sell Stop order, the mouse is right-clicked in the Ask column next to the Price that you want to enter the order for. 
     In addition to Limit and Stop orders, Market orders can be executed on the ABV window  116  using the Market Buy and Market Sell buttons. The ABV window can also be set up so that a Bracket or Trailing Stop order will automatically be created any time an order entered via the ABV is filled. The Bracket and Trailing Stop parameters will default to the values set up on the Settings window. To link a Bracket or Trailing Stop order to all orders entered via the ABV, choose Bracket or TStop from the Link To drop down box. A small window pops up with the default parameters for a bracket. The bracket levels can be changed by typing in a desired number, or using the “+” and “−” buttons. A limit order will be the profit order type, and for a loss order type, either choose a stop or a trailing stop can be selected. 
     For example, if a stop order is chosen, as soon as the order was filled, two new orders were entered. A limit order was created at a price that is five ticks above the market order&#39;s price and a stop order was created at a price that is three ticks below the market order&#39;s price Both orders have the same quantity that the market order had. Because these orders were entered as part of a bracket, when one of these orders is filled, the other will automatically be cancelled. Likewise, TStop is chosen from the Link To drop down box, a small window will appear that allows you to view and change trailing stop parameters. Like the bracket, a trailing stop will be entered once an order entered via the ABV window  116  is filled. 
     The ABV also allows cancellation of some or all of working orders as well. To cancel a particular order, the mouse cursor is placed over that order in the Buy or Sell column, whichever applies, and a yellow X appears over the working order. A mouse click on the yellow X will cancel that particular order. If multiple orders are entered at the same price (and on the same side), they will all be cancelled. 
     Order Ticket Window 
       FIG. 12  is a block diagram of screen shot of an exemplary Order Ticket window  132  produced by risk application  27  and displayed on GUI. This window  132  allows the user to create and enter all types of orders supported by the application and the APIs used. This window  132  is accessible via all windows except for Login, Settings, Client Messaging and Reports windows. Multiple order tickets can be launched and multiple windows  132  will be created. The Order Ticket window  132  is a member of a Desktop Layout. Order types, including Synthetic order types can be entered from this window. 
     In one embodiment, the Order Ticket window  132  displays, but is not limited to, an account identifier, an instrument or contract identifier, an order type, a limit price, if any, a stop limit price if any, a side identifier, a quantity identifier, an exchange identifier a current bid, ask, and last traded price, a current bid, ask or last traded quantity and a buy or sell identifier. However, the present invention is not limited to displaying these items and more, fewer or other items can be displayed in the Order Ticket window  84  to practice the invention. 
     If necessary, the Order Ticket window  132  will change or launch supporting windows to accommodate more complex order types. In one embodiment, the Order Ticket window  132  displays, but is not limited to, an account identifier, an instrument or contract identifier, an order type, a limit price, if any, a stop limit price if any, a side identifier, a quantity identifier, an exchange identifier a current bid, ask, and last traded price, a current bid, ask or last traded quantity, a buy or sell graphical button and a risk management display  108 ′. The risk management display  108 ′ is illustrated as a risk management graphical meter  108 ′. However, the present invention is not limited such a risk management display and other types of risk management displays ( 106 ,  106 ′,  108 , etc.) can also be used to practice the invention. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment and other embodiments can be used to practice the invention. 
     The user can select the account that the order applies to. The user can change the side of the order. The ticket background color depends upon the side chosen. For example, the background is set to blue for buy orders and set to red for sell orders. The following market data is displayed, but is not limited to, on this window  132  for the selected instrument: bid price, bid size, ask price, ask size, and last traded price. 
     This window  132  also does follow the standard window rules laid out in the Standard Window. The window can also be resized. The user can select to have the order ticket always on top. The default for this functionality is determined in the Settings Window. The Order Ticket window  84  is member of a Desktop Layout window. The Order Ticket window  84  settings are saved when it is a member of a Desktop Layout. 
     This window  132  is comprised of all the fields necessary to enter an order. The field defaults are set in a Settings window, but this window  132  may display different defaults depending on where it was launched from (for example, if it was launched from a specific fill or position). 
     Table 5 illustrates a list of the fields that are used to create a standard order. Synthetic orders also created directly from this window  132 . In another embodiment, a separate window may be launched, or there may be some other method of accessing synthetic order entry. However, the present invention is not limited to this order information and more, fewer or other types of order information can be used to practice the invention. 
                     TABLE 5                  Exchange        The default value for this field is determined from the window where it was        launched or in Settings.       Instrument        This field is filtered to display valid instruments based on the exchange that is selected.       Contract Date        This field is filtered to display valid contract dates based on the instrument that is        selected.       Order Type        This field is filtered to display valid order types based on the exchange that is        selected.       Limit Price        This field defaults to either the current bid, ask or last as determined by Settings and        by the side.        This price does not change once the order is open.        This field is enabled only for stop, stop limit, MIT orders and the synthetic        equivalents for those order types.        The use is able to enter the price via keyboard entry or spinner,       Order Quantity        The user is able to change the specified order quantity through a key-pad control.        Each key-pad input increases the specified quantity by the amount displayed on        the key (the key value).        The user has ability to set the quantity back to zero.        The user is able to select to have the specified quantity set to zero after order        entry.       Secondary Price        This field is enabled only for stop limit orders.       Good-Till-Date        This field is enabled only for orders with TIF (Time in Force) of GTD.        This field defaults to the current trade date.       Risk Assessment Management View 108′        A user is able to view a real-time risk illustrating current and historical trading        activities and current and historical trading positions across all accounts across        all trading exchanges.       Risk Report via Risk Query Tool 152        A user or a broker is able to view a risk report illustrating current and historical        trading activities and current and historical trading positions across all accounts        across all trading exchanges.                    
Reports Window
 
       FIG. 13  is a block diagram of screen shot of an exemplary Reports window  134  produced by application  27  displayed by the GUI. The Reports window  134  allows the user to create and enter all types of orders supported by the application  27  and APIs used. This window is accessible via all windows except for Login, Settings, Client Messaging and Reports. Multiple order tickets can be launched. The order ticket can be a member of a Desktop Layout window. 
     In one embodiment, the Reports window  134  displays, but is not limited to, an account identifier, an order identifier, an instrument identifier, a side identifier, a quantity, a price, an order type, an average price, a state, a price2, file, number of fills, an open column and a risk management graphical meter  108 ′. The risk management display  108 ′ is illustrated as a risk management graphical meter  108 ′. However, the present invention is not limited such a risk management display and other types of risk management displays ( 106 ,  106 ′,  108 , etc.) can also be used to practice the invention. 
     However, the present invention is not limited to displaying these items and more, fewer or other items can be displayed in the Reports window  134  to practice the invention. 
     Order types, including synthetic order types are summarized from this window  134 . If necessary, the Order Ticket window  84  changes or launches supporting windows to accommodate more complex order types. The user can select the account that the order applies to. The user changes the side of the order. Ticket background color depends upon the side chosen. For example, the background is blue for buy orders and the background is red for sell orders. 
     Table 6 illustrates a list of the fields used to create a standard order report. However, the present invention is not limited to this order information more, fewer or other types of order information can be used to practice the invention. 
                     TABLE 6                  Exchange        The default value for this field is determined from the window where it was        launched or in Settings.       Instrument        This field is filtered to display valid instruments based on the exchange that is        selected.       Contract Date        This field is filtered to display valid contract dates based on the instrument that is selected.       Order Type        This field is filtered to display valid order types based on the exchange that is        selected.       Limit Price        This field defaults to either the current bid, ask or last as determined by Settings and        by the side.        This price does not change once the order is open.        This field is enabled only for stop, stop limit, MIT orders and the synthetic        equivalents for those order types.        The user is able to enter the price via keyboard entry or spinner.       Order Quantity        The user is able to change the specified order quantity through a key-pad control.        Each key-pad input increases the specified quantity by the amount displayed on        the key (the key value).        The user has ability to set the quantity back to zero.        The user is able to select to have the specified quantity set to zero after order        entry.       Secondary Price        This field is enabled only for stop limit orders.       Good-Till-Date        This field is enabled only for orders with TIF (Time in Force) of GTD.        This field defaults to the current trade date.        This window allows the user to view and print reports.       Screen Access        This window is accessed via the Manager window. Multiple report windows        cannot be launched. The report window is not a member of any Desktop Layout.       Functional Requirements        No trading functionality is available from this window.       Fill Report        The user is able to view and print a fill report by account for the current day.        The data for this report is saved on the client.       Order History Report        The user is able to view and print an order history report for the current day or for        any range of time up to 30 days.        History includes parked orders.        The data for this report should is on the client device 12, 14, 16.       Orders Entered Report        The user is able to view a report showing orders entered that were filled for the        current day or for any range of time up to 30 days.        The data for this report is saved on the client.       Risk Assessment/Management View 108′        A user is able to view a real-time risk illustrating current and historical trading        activities and current and historical trading positions across all accounts across        all trading exchanges.       Risk Report via Risk Query Tool 152        A user or a broker is able to view a risk report illustrating current and historical        trading activities and current and historical trading positions across all accounts        across all trading exchanges.                    
Providing Risk Management and Assessment Using Processed Data Streams
 
       FIGS. 14A and 14B  are flow diagram illustrating a Method  136  for processing electronic trading information for risk assessment and management. 
     In  FIG. 14A  at Step  138 , a first data stream including plural different types of electronic trading information is received on a server device with one or more processors from plural electronic trading exchanges via a communications network. At Step  140 , the first data stream is split on the server device into a plural second data streams in real-time. Each of the plural second data streams includes one or more of the plural different types of electronic trading information from the first data stream. At Step  142 , the plural second data streams are made available in real-time to plural target devices each with one or more processors via the server device, thereby allowing the plural target devices to selectively request one or more of the plural second data streams from the server device in real-time and use selected ones of the plural different types of electronic trading information in one or more of the plural second data streams. 
     In  FIG. 14B  at Step  144 , an individual target device selects one or more different types of electronic trading information for trading risk assessment and management for one or more trading accounts being traded on the plurality of electronic trading exchanges are extracted from selected ones of the plural second data streams. At Step  146 , trading risk assessment and management information is provided faster and more efficiently than receiving and using the same electronic trading information from the entire first data stream. The individual target device is able to receive the selected ones of the plural second data streams using less bandwidth from the server device. Processing the selected ones of the plural second data streams on the target device requires less processing cycles than processing the entire first data stream including all of plural types of electronic trading information for risk assessment and management. At Step  148 , the trading risk assessment and management information is displayed in a specialized risk assessment and management graphical window on the server device  26 . 
     Method  136  is illustrated with an exemplary embodiment. However, the invention is not limited to this embodiment and other embodiments can also be used to practice the invention. 
     In such an exemplary embodiment in  FIG. 14A  at Step  138 , a first data stream (e.g.,  FIG. 3 ,  38 ,  40 ,  42 , etc.) including plural different types of electronic trading information is received on a server device  26  with one or more processors from plural electronic trading exchanges  20 ,  22 ,  24  via a communications network  18 . 
     At Step  140 , the first data stream (e.g.,  38 ,  40 ,  42 , etc.) is split on the server device  26  into a plural second data streams (e.g.,  44 ,  46 ,  48 , etc.) in real-time. Each of the plural second data streams includes one or more of the plural different types of electronic trading information from the first data stream. 
     At Step  142 , the plural second data streams (e.g.,  44 ,  46 ,  48 , etc.) are made available in real-time to a plural target devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  each with one or more processors via the server device  26 , thereby allowing the plural target devices  12 ,  14 ,  16  to selectively request one or more of the plural second data streams from the server device  26  in real-time and use selected ones of the plural different types of electronic trading information in one or more of the plural second data streams. 
     In  FIG. 14B  at Step  144 , on individual target devices (e.g.,  12 , etc.), selected ones of the one or more different types of electronic trading information are extracted for trading risk assessment and management for one or more trading accounts being traded on the plurality of electronic trading exchanges  20 ,  22 ,  24  from selected ones of the plural second data streams (e.g.,  50 , etc.). 
     In one embodiment, Step  144  further includes extracting a set of risk parameters from the selected ones of the plural second data streams (e.g.,  44 ,  46 ,  48 , etc.) comprising maximum absolute position value by all accounts on all electronic trading exchanges  20 ,  22 ,  24 , absolute net position change by all accounts on all trading exchanges, total change in all positions in all accounts in all electronic trading exchanges, total account value decline of greater than a pre-determined threshold, total trade volume and net profit and loss. 
     In one embodiment, Step  144  further includes extracting a set of risk parameters from selected ones of the plural second data streams (e.g.,  44 ,  46 ,  48 , etc.) and dynamically and automatically determining in real-time a plural risk threshold values for plural different current trading alerts using the extracted set of risk parameters. The one or more risk trading alerts include plural different notifications, including warning and emergency risk trading alerts. The one or more trading alerts are displayed graphically  106 ,  106 ′,  108 ,  108 ′, etc. using one more different colors in one or more windows ( 114 ,  132 ,  134 ) on a graphical user interface on a target device  12 ,  14 ,  16   
     At Step  146 , trading risk assessment and management information is provided faster and more efficiently than receiving and using the same electronic trading information from the entire first data stream (e.g.,  38 ,  40 ,  42 , etc.). The individual target device  12 ,  14 ,  16  is able to receive the selected ones of the plural second data streams (e.g.,  44 ,  46 ,  48 , etc.) using less bandwidth from the server device  26 . Processing the selected ones of the plural second data streams on the target device  12 ,  14 ,  16  requires less processing cycles than processing the entire first data stream (e.g.,  38 ,  40 ,  42 , etc.) including all of plural types of electronic trading information for risk assessment and management. 
     In one embodiment, Step  146  includes providing real-time statistical studies of the extracted one or more types of electronic trading information including real-time statistical studies of historical electronic trading information and real-time statistical studies of current electronic trading information. 
     At Step  148 , the trading risk assessment and management information is displayed in one or more pre-determined types of specialized risk assessment and management graphical window on the individual target device  12 ,  14 ,  16  and/or the server device  26 . 
     In one embodiment, Method  136  is provided by trading application  25  and/or risk application  27 . However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment and other applications can be used to practice the invention. 
     In one embodiment, the specialized risk assessment and management graphical window includes a first type of window comprising a Risk Display window  104 ,  106 ,  106 ′,  108 ,  108 ′ ( FIG. 9 ) 
     In another embodiment, the specialized risk assessment and management graphical window includes a second type of window comprising a Risk Query Tool  150 ,  152 . 
       FIG. 15  is a block diagram  150  of a screen shot of an exemplary a specialized risk assessment and management graphical window which includes a Risk Query Tool  152 . However, the present invention is not limited to this exemplary embodiment, and other embodiments can also be used to practice the invention. 
     The Risk Query Tool  152  is designed to allow the risk managers of to get an up to the minute, real-time view of risk metrics across all positions of all trading accounts or all traders across all trading exchanges. In another embodiment, the Risk Query Tool  152  is designed to allow the risk managers of to get an up to the minute, real-time view of risk metrics across of less than of all positions of all trading accounts. It also displays all current positions for an account. The users of the Risk Query Tool  152  can also search trade history that is updated in real-time for the current trading day. The Risk Query Tool  152  allows the user to narrow the focus of searches by allowing the user the ability to build multiple “ANDed” or “ORed” filters. 
     In one exemplary embodiment, the Risk Query Tool  152  includes a Query Metrics Tab  154 , a Trades Tab  156  and a Positions Tab  158 . Each of these tabs generates additional graphical windows. The Query Metrics Tab  154  generates a Query Metrics  154  window  160 . This window  160  is illustrated in  FIG. 15  and allows users to view the current levels of risk metrics by trading firm (Firm)  162 , trading firm office (Office)  164  or trading account (Account)  166 . Additionally, more advanced search options may be implemented to narrow the search by numerical limitations and specific constraints on the metric values. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and more, fewer or other tabs can be used in the Risk Query Tool  152  and to practice the invention. 
     Table 7 illustrates exemplary functionality provided via the Query Metrics Tab window  160 . However, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary functionality provided in Table 7 and more, fewer or other types of functionality can also be used to practice the invention. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Query Metrics Tab 154 Window 160 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Search by Firm 162 
               
               
                 To search risk metrics by Firm, enter the firm&#39;s letter in the textbox labeled “Firm” under 
               
               
                 Enter Query Criteria Below and click the Run Query button at the bottom of the page. 
               
               
                 This will display all Offices and Accounts for the firm, and the risk metrics information: 
               
               
                 Office, Account, Absolute Net Position, Change in Net Position, Absolute Total Trade 
               
               
                 Volume, Absolute Net P &amp; L, Absolute Net Liquidity, Absolute BOD Net Liquidity, and 
               
               
                 Absolute Historical Total Trade Volume. 
               
               
                 For example, to search for Firm “D” enter “D” in the corresponding textbox. View the 
               
               
                 results by clicking Run Query. 
               
               
                 Search by Office 164 
               
               
                 To search for trade information by Office, enter the number or abbreviation of the office 
               
               
                 being searched in the corresponding textbox under Enter Query Criteria Below and click 
               
               
                 the Run Query button at the bottom of the page. 
               
               
                 This will display all Offices and Accounts for the firm, and the trade information, ordered 
               
               
                 by Office. 
               
               
                 For example, to search for Office “999”, enter 999 in the Office textbox and click Run 
               
               
                 Query. 
               
               
                 Search by Account 166 
               
               
                 To search for trade information by Account Number, type the number of the account in 
               
               
                 the Account textbox and select Run Query. 
               
               
                 This will display all Firms and Offices with that account number. 
               
               
                 For example, to search for Account “99999”, enter that account number in the Account 
               
               
                 textbox and select Run Query. 
               
               
                 Wildcard Search 
               
               
                 Wildcard Search also gives the user advanced options in their query for Office and 
               
               
                 Account. To narrow the search by a digit in the first, second, or third place of an Office 
               
               
                 number, enter the digit and place a star or percent sign where the other digits would 
               
               
                 appear. 
               
               
                 For example: to search all Office numbers ending in “1”, enter *1 or %1 into the Office 
               
               
                 textbox and click Run Query. 
               
               
                 To search all Office numbers beginning with “1” and ending in “0”, enter 1*0 or 1%0 into 
               
               
                 the textbox and click Run Query. 
               
               
                 To search for Office numbers beginning with 1, enter 1* or 1%. 
               
               
                 Example: 
               
               
                 To narrow the search by a digit or letter in the first through fifth places of an 
               
               
                 Account number, enter the digit or letter and place a star or percent sign where 
               
               
                 the other digits or letters would appear. 
               
               
                 For example: to search all Account numbers ending in “1”, enter *1 or %1 into the 
               
               
                 Account textbox and click Run Query. 
               
               
                 To search all Office numbers beginning with “K” and ending in “0”, enter K*0 or 
               
               
                 K %0 into the textbox and click Run Query. 
               
               
                 To search for Office numbers beginning with 1, enter 1* or 1%. 
               
               
                 Using a Filter to Narrow a Search Metric Data 
               
               
                 The Risk Query Tool 152 allows the user to create multiple search filters. This enables 
               
               
                 the user to narrow the focus of the search by combining multiple metric criterion. 
               
               
                 To set limits as to which Query Metrics are displayed, the Filter function may be used. By 
               
               
                 entering a search term in any of the fields (Firm, Office and account) as discussed above 
               
               
                 all Query Metrics are displayed for that category. For more specific results within that 
               
               
                 category, a Filter must be used. 
               
               
                 Enter one or two search terms for any category (See: Run a Query above). Then, click 
               
               
                 the dropdown arrow on the filter (next to Absolute Net Position) to display the filter 
               
               
                 options. Select a filter category by clicking the desired option. See example below. 
               
               
                 Select either Absolute Net Position, Change in Net Position, Absolute Total Trade 
               
               
                 Volume, Absolute Net P &amp; L, Absolute Net Liquidity, or Absolute Historical Total Trade 
               
               
                 Volume. 
               
               
                 Click the drop-down menu to the right of “is” to select a value constraint: either =, &lt;, &lt;=, 
               
               
                 &gt;, &gt;=, or not. 
               
               
                 Enter a value in the textbox to the right. 
               
               
                 Creating filters with multiple constraints 
               
               
                 To create a filter with multiple constraints, click the Add Filter button to the left of the Run 
               
               
                 Query button and enter further search limitations. 
               
               
                 This creates a filter in which the constraints are logically “ANDed” or “ORed” together. 
               
               
                 Example: Absolute Net Position &gt;500 AND Change in Net Position &gt;200 will return 
               
               
                 accounts that meet those criteria. 
               
               
                 Sorting the Search Results 
               
               
                 Ordering data can help a user view a result from lowest to highest quantity or vice versa. 
               
               
                 Once the user has gathered the Query Metrics desired by using filters and/or a wildcard 
               
               
                 search, click the title of a column to order the data. 
               
               
                 All data is automatically ordered from lowest to highest for Absolute Total Trade Volume 
               
               
                 and 
               
               
                 Absolute Historical Total Trade Volume when a query is run. 
               
               
                 To order any other category from lowest to highest, click the category name once. 
               
               
                 To order any other category from highest to lowest, click the category name twice. 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The Risk Query Tool  152  further includes a Trades Tab  158 . The Trades Tab  158  of the Risk Query Tool  152  allows the user to search and display historical and current day trades for an account. 
       FIG. 16  is a block diagram  166  of a screen shot of a Trades Tab window  168  of the exemplary specialized risk assessment and management graphical window. However, the present invention is not limited to this exemplary embodiment, and other embodiments can also be used to practice the invention. 
     The Trades Tab window  168  also includes risk assessment and management information for margin groups  169 . A margin group is a risk group based on identical or similar (e.g., a pre-determined range) of trading account margin limit(s). For example, a $10,000 margin limit or a margin limit of $10,000 to $25,000, etc. 
     Table 8 illustrates exemplary functionality provided via the Trades Tab window  168 . However, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary functionality provided in Table 8 and more, fewer or other types of functionality can also be used to practice the invention. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Trades Tab 158 Window 168 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Searching Trades by Date 
               
               
                 This allows the user to search for trades by Account (Firm, Office, or Account), or by 
               
               
                 Margin Group (Firm, Office, or Account) and by Date. A Margin Group is a grouping 
               
               
                 based on a margin limit(s). 
               
               
                 The current date is displayed in the Trade Date textbox upon the loading of the 
               
               
                 page. To change the date, either type a trade date in this textbox, or click the 
               
               
                 calendar icon to the right of the Trade Date textbox. 
               
               
                 This will display a clickable calendar that appears below the Trade Date textbox. 
               
               
                 Click the arrows next to the Month to navigate previous or future months. Click the 
               
               
                 title of the Month to display all of the months in 2009 and click the month desired 
               
               
                 from this screen. 
               
               
                 Additionally, click the arrows next to the Year to display previous and future years. 
               
               
                 Select a date by using the cursor to highlight a date with a blue square. Click on the 
               
               
                 desired date. This should display the desired date in the Trade Date textbox. 
               
               
                 Finally, to reset the date to today&#39;s date click Today: at the bottom of the dropdown 
               
               
                 calendar. This should re-display today&#39;s date. 
               
               
                 When finished, click Run Query to view all trades, sorted by that date. 
               
               
                 In the following example, the user has selected date Dec. 18, 2008 and clicked Run 
               
               
                 Query. Trade Date is displayed in a column by the same name, and in the order: 
               
               
                 Year, Month, Date. 
               
               
                 Search Trades by Firm 160, Office 162, Account 164 
               
               
                 As with the Query Metrics Tab 154, all the trades for a Firm, Office or and Account 
               
               
                 can be displayed. Additionally, trades belonging to margin groups can also be 
               
               
                 displayed. Trades are constrained to a single, selectable trade date. 
               
               
                 Search by Firm 160 
               
               
                 After entering a date, to search trades by Firm, enter the firm&#39;s letter in the textbox 
               
               
                 labeled “Firm” under Enter Account and click the Run Query button at the bottom of 
               
               
                 the page. 
               
               
                 This will display all Offices and Accounts for the firm, and the trade information: 
               
               
                 Office, Account, Exchange, Sub. Exchange, Symbol 174, Cusip, Type, Expiry, 
               
               
                 Expiry2, Strike, Buy, Sell, Quantity, Trade Price, Currency, M.G. Firm, M.G. Office, 
               
               
                 Trade Date, and TimeStamp. 
               
               
                 For example, to search for Firm “D” enter “D” in the corresponding textbox. View the 
               
               
                 results by clicking Run Query. 
               
               
                 Search by Office 162 
               
               
                 To search for trade information by Office, enter the number or abbreviation of the 
               
               
                 office being searched in the corresponding textbox under Enter Account and click 
               
               
                 the Run Query button at the bottom of the page. 
               
               
                 This will display all Offices and Accounts for the firm, and the trade information, 
               
               
                 ordered by Office. 
               
               
                 For example, to search for Office “100”, enter 100 in the Office textbox and click 
               
               
                 Run Query. 
               
               
                 Search by Account Number 164 
               
               
                 To search for trade information by Account Number, type the number of the account 
               
               
                 in the Account textbox and select Run Query. This will display all Firms and Offices 
               
               
                 with that account number. 
               
               
                 For example, to search for Account “66001”, enter that account number in the 
               
               
                 Account textbox and select Run Query. 
               
               
                 Search Trades by Margin Group 169 
               
               
                 After entering a date, to search trades by Firm, enter the firm&#39;s letter in the textbox 
               
               
                 labeled “Firm” under Enter Margin Group and click the Run Query button at the 
               
               
                 bottom of the page. 
               
               
                 This will display all Offices and Accounts for the firm, and the trade information: 
               
               
                 Office, Account, Exchange, Sub. Exchange, Symbol 174, Cusip, Type, Expiry, 
               
               
                 Expiry2, Strike, Buy, Sell, Quantity, Trade Price, Currency, M.G. Firm, M.G. Office, 
               
               
                 Trade Date, and TimeStamp. 
               
               
                 For Example, to search Firms in Margin Group by Firm “A”, enter “A” into the textbox 
               
               
                 labeled Firm and click Run Query. 
               
               
                 Search by Margin Group Office 
               
               
                 To search for trade information by Office, enter the number or abbreviation of the 
               
               
                 margin group office being searched in the corresponding textbox under Enter 
               
               
                 Margins and click the Run Query button at the bottom of the page. 
               
               
                 This will display all Offices and Accounts for the firm, and the trade information 
               
               
                 ordered by Margin Group Office. 
               
               
                 For example, to search for Office “CEN”, enter CEN in the Office textbox and click 
               
               
                 Run Query. 
               
               
                 Search by Margin Group Account 
               
               
                 To search for trade information by Margin Group Account Number, type the number 
               
               
                 of the account in the Account textbox under Enter Margin Group and select Run 
               
               
                 Query. 
               
               
                 This will display all Firms and Offices and trade information for that margin group 
               
               
                 account number. 
               
               
                 For example, to search for Margin Group Account number “K4900”, enter “K4900”in 
               
               
                 the Account textbox under Enter Margin Account and click the Run Query button. 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The Risk Query Tool  152  further includes a Positions Tab  158 . The Positions Tab  158  of the Risk Query Tool  152  allows The Positions page allows users to find and view account trading positions as reported by the risk application  27  and/or the trading application  25 . The trading positions include electronic trading positions and trading positions being traded via open outcry trading. 
       FIG. 17  is a block diagram  170  of a screen shot of a Positions Tab window  172  of the exemplary specialized risk assessment and management graphical window  152 . Positions can be searched by any combination of Firm  160 , Office  162 , Account  164  or Trading instrument or contract Symbol  174 . However, the present invention is not limited to this exemplary embodiment, and other embodiments can also be used to practice the invention. 
     Table 9 illustrates exemplary functionality provided via the Positions Tab  152 . However, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary functionality provided in Table 9 and more, fewer or other types of functionality can also be used to practice the invention. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Positions Tab 158 Window 172 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Search Positions by Firm 162 
               
               
                 To search positions by Firm, first delete the filter that is automatically open by pressing 
               
               
                 the X to the left of the filter. (For more information, see Delete a Filter). Enter the firm&#39;s 
               
               
                 letter in the textbox labeled “Firm” under Enter Query Criteria Below and click the Run 
               
               
                 Query button at the bottom of the page. 
               
               
                 This will display all Offices and Accounts for the firm, and the trade information: Firm, 
               
               
                 Office, Account, Account Type, Exchange, Sub Exchange, Symbol 174, Cusip, Type, 
               
               
                 Inst. Type, Buy/Sell, Quantity, Expiry, Expiry 2, Strike, Price, Cost Basis, Current Value, 
               
               
                 Current Market Data, Currency, Time Stamp. 
               
               
                 For example, to search for Firm “D” enter “D” in the corresponding textbox. View the 
               
               
                 results by clicking Run Query. 
               
               
                 Search Positions by Office 164 
               
               
                 To search for positions by Office, first delete the filter that is automatically open by 
               
               
                 pressing the X to the left of the filter. (For more information, see Delete a Filter). 
               
               
                 Enter the number or abbreviation of the office being searched in the corresponding 
               
               
                 textbox under Enter Query Criteria Below and click the Run Query button at the bottom of 
               
               
                 the page. This will display all Offices and Accounts for the firm, and the positions, 
               
               
                 ordered by Office. 
               
               
                 For example, to search for Office “100”, enter 100 in the Office textbox and click Run 
               
               
                 Query. 
               
               
                 Search by Account 166 
               
               
                 To search for positions by Account Number, first delete the filter that is automatically 
               
               
                 open by pressing the X to the left of the filter. (For more information, see Delete a Filter). 
               
               
                 Type the number of the account in the Account textbox under Enter Query Criteria Below 
               
               
                 and select Run Query. This will display all Firms and Offices with that account number. 
               
               
                 For example, to search for Account “K0110”, enter that account number in the Account 
               
               
                 textbox and select Run Query. 
               
               
                 Search by Symbol 174 
               
               
                 To search for positions by Symbol 174, first delete the filter that is automatically open by 
               
               
                 pressing the X to the left of the filter. (For more information, see Delete a Filter). 
               
               
                 Type the one, two, or three-character symbol in the Symbol textbox under Enter Query 
               
               
                 Criteria Below and click Run Query. This will display all information ordered by that 
               
               
                 symbol. 
               
               
                 For example, to search for Symbol “ES”, enter “ES” into the Symbol 174 textbox and click 
               
               
                 Run Query. 
               
               
                 Using a Filter to Search 
               
               
                 The Query Tool 152 allows the user to create multiple search filters. This enables the 
               
               
                 user to narrow the focus of the search by combining multiple criterion. 
               
               
                 To set limits as to which Positions are displayed, the Filter function may be used. 
               
               
                 By entering a search term in any of the fields as discussed above, all Positions are 
               
               
                 displayed for that category. For more specific results within that category, a Filter must 
               
               
                 be used. 
               
               
                 Enter one or two search terms for any category (See above). 
               
               
                 Then, click the dropdown arrow on the filter (to the right of X) to display filtering options of 
               
               
                 either Price or Quantity. Select a filter category by first highlighting, then clicking the 
               
               
                 desired option. (See example). 
               
               
                 Example: 
               
               
                 Next, click the drop-down menu to the right of “is” to select a value constraint: either =, &lt;, 
               
               
                 &lt;=, &gt;, &gt;=, or not. 
               
               
                 Enter a value in the textbox to the right of the value constraint. 
               
               
                 Click Run Query to view results as ordered by the categories and limitations entered 
               
               
                 To Add a Filter, click the Add Filter button to the left of the Run Query button and enter 
               
               
                 further search limitations. 
               
               
                 To Delete a Filter click the X to the left of the filter to be removed. 
               
               
                 Any of these variables can be submitted to yield a variety of limitations, along with the 
               
               
                 constraints of filters. 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The provided risk assessment and management information is also displayed graphically  106 ,  106 ′,  108 ,  108 ′ using one more different colors in one or more other graphical windows ( 114 ,  132 ,  134 ) on a graphical user interface on a target device  12 ,  14   16  and/or the server device  26 . In one embodiment, the trading risk assessment and management information is displayed only on the target devices  12 ,  14 ,  16 . In another exemplary embodiment, the trading risk assessment and management information is only displayed on the server device  26 . 
     However, the present invention is not limited to such embodiments and the risk assessments can be displayed in plural colors on the graphical user interface using other tools and via other methods. 
     The method and system allow risk associated with one or more trading accounts for a trader in multi-market electronic trading to be analyzed and managed in real-time. The method and system includes graphical display of risk assessments for plural traders. 
     The real-time risk management and assessment can be done in real-time for all trading positions for all trading accounts for all trading exchanges for one or more electronic traders. The trading positions include electronic trading positions and trading positions being traded via open outcry trading. 
     It should be understood that the architecture, programs, processes, methods and It should be understood that the architecture, programs, processes, methods and systems described herein are not related or limited to any particular type of computer or network system (hardware or software), unless indicated otherwise. Various types of general purpose or specialized computer systems may be used with or perform operations in accordance with the teachings described herein. 
     In view of the wide variety of embodiments to which the principles of the present invention can be applied, it should be understood that the illustrated embodiments are exemplary only, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention. For example, the steps of the flow diagrams may be taken in sequences other than those described, and more or fewer elements may be used in the block diagrams. 
     While various elements of the preferred embodiments have been described as being implemented in software, in other embodiments hardware or firmware implementations may alternatively be used, and vice-versa. 
     The claims should not be read as limited to the described order or elements unless stated to that effect. In addition, use of the term “means” in any claim is intended to invoke 35 U.S.C. §112, paragraph 6, and any claim without the word “means” is not so intended. 
     Therefore, all embodiments that come within the scope and spirit of the following claims and equivalents thereto are claimed as the invention.