Patent Publication Number: US-2015082363-A1

Title: Spectrum Analysis and Plant Diagnostic Tool for Communication Systems

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/435,433, filed Mar. 30, 2012, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/558,735, filed Nov. 11, 2011, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/584,476, filed Jan. 9, 2012, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF DISCLOSURE 
     The disclosure relates to a communication system and more specifically to diagnosing performance problems, or potential performance problems, within the communication system. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Related Art 
     A cable system is a system of providing television, internet data, and/or other services from a cable service provider to cable service subscribers via radio frequency signals transmitted to one or more customer premises through, but not limited to, optical fibers and/or coaxial cables. Performance problems may occur in the cable system which may interrupt and/or degrade the services of the cable service provider from being provided to the cable service subscribers. For example, components within the customer premises, such as components of a cable modem or a set top device, may deteriorate over time thereby preventing a cable service subscriber from receiving the services. As another example, inclement weather may damage a communication cable, such as a fiber optic communication cable or coaxial communication cable, within the cable system thereby preventing a group of cable service subscribers from receiving the services. 
     In these situations, as well as other situations, the cable service provider receives a service call from one or more of the cable service subscribers indicating that their service has been interrupted or degraded. The cable service provider dispatches technicians, referred to as truck rolls, to various locations within the cable system to locally diagnose and/or locate the cause of the interruption and/or degradation. It is essential that the cable service provider dispatch the technicians to the locations within the cable system that are suffering performance problems. Unnecessarily dispatching technicians to locations within the cable system that are operating properly not only costs money and resources but may lead to unsatisfied subscribers. 
     However, using the number of service calls as a measure of where to dispatch technicians is highly inefficient. In some situations, not all of the cable service subscribers that are experiencing interruptions or degradations in their services may place service call. In other situations, the performance problem may occur in a communication cable, such as a fiber optic communication cable or coaxial communication cable, which spans for miles, often underground. In these situations, the cable service provider may dispatch more technicians than is necessary as well as potentially dispatch technicians to locations within the cable system that are properly operating. Thus, what is needed is a system and a method to accurately diagnose performance problems of a cable system to overcome the shortcomings stated above. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS/FIGURES 
       Embodiments of the disclosure are described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements. Additionally, the left most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the drawing in which the reference number first appears. 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary point-to-multipoint communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a cable system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates an exemplary home network utilizing MoCA compliant equipment and protocols according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates an exemplary plant diagnostic tool that may be implemented at various locations within a communication system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary spectrum analysis tool for communication systems according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. 
     
    
    
     The disclosure will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like reference numbers generally indicate identical, functionally similar, and/or structurally similar elements. The drawing in which an element first appears is indicated by the leftmost digit(s) in the reference number. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     The following Detailed Description refers to accompanying drawings to illustrate exemplary embodiments consistent with the disclosure. References in the Detailed Description to “one exemplary embodiment,” “an exemplary embodiment,” “an example exemplary embodiment,” etc., indicate that the exemplary embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every exemplary embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same exemplary embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an exemplary embodiment, it is within the knowledge of those skilled in the relevant art(s) to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other exemplary embodiments whether or not explicitly described. 
     The exemplary embodiments described herein are provided for illustrative purposes, and are not limiting. Other exemplary embodiments are possible, and modifications may be made to the exemplary embodiments within the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Therefore, the Detailed Description is not meant to limit the disclosure. Rather, the scope of the disclosure is defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents. 
     Embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented in hardware, firmware, software, or any combination thereof. Embodiments of the disclosure may also be implemented as instructions stored on a machine-readable medium, which may be read and executed by one or more processors. A machine-readable medium may include any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computing device). For example, a machine-readable medium may include read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; flash memory devices; electrical, optical, acoustical or other forms of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.), and others. Further, firmware, software, routines, instructions may be described herein as performing certain actions. However, it should be appreciated that such descriptions are merely for convenience and that such actions in fact result from computing devices, processors, controllers, or other devices executing the firmware, software, routines, instructions, etc. 
     The following Detailed Description of the exemplary embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the disclosure that others can, by applying knowledge of those skilled in relevant art(s), readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such exemplary embodiments, without undue experimentation, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Therefore, such adaptations and modifications are intended to be within the meaning and plurality of equivalents of the exemplary embodiments based upon the teaching and guidance presented herein. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation, such that the terminology or phraseology of the present specification is to be interpreted by those skilled in relevant art(s) in light of the teachings herein. 
     The present disclosure allows an operator of a broadcast communication system, such as a cable television or satellite television service to provide some examples, to diagnose performance of this communication system remotely. The present disclosure allows an operator of a first communication device, such as a cable modem termination system (CMTS) to provide an example, to remotely diagnosis performance problems, or potential performance problems, occurring at a second communication device, such as a cable modem (CM) to provide an example, or a group of second communication devices. For example, the operator of the first communication device may view a spectrum analysis of communication signals being routed to, processed by, and/or provided by the second communication device, or group of second communication devices, to diagnose the performance problems, or the potential performance problems, in real time. 
     Exemplary Communication System 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary point-to-multipoint communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. A communication system  100  facilitates bi-directional communication of information, such as video, audio, and/or data to provide some examples, between a service provider location  102  and one or more subscriber locations  104 . 1  through  104 . n . The communication system  100  may include one of the one or more subscriber locations  104 . 1  through  104 . n  to form a point-to-point communication system or more than one of the one or more subscriber locations  104 . 1  through  104 . n  to form a point-to-multipoint communication system. As used herein, the terms “downstream,” “downlink”, “download”, or other similar terms refer to the transfer of information in a first direction from the service provider location  102  to the subscriber locations  104 . 1  through  104 . n . The terms “upstream,” “uplink”, “upload”, or other similar terms to the transfer of information in a second direction from subscriber locations  104 . 1  through  104 . n  to the service provider location  102 . 
     The service provider location  102  may be characterized as providing a service, such as video, audio, and/or data to provide some examples, to the subscriber locations  104 . 1  through  104 . n . The service provider location  102  manages the upstream and the downstream transfer of the video, audio, and/or data to and/or from the subscriber locations  104 . 1  through  104 . n . The service provider location  102  provides its video, audio, and/or data in the downstream through a communication channel  106  to the subscriber locations  104 . 1  through  104 . n . The communication channel  106  may be characterized as an interface between the service provider location  102  and the subscriber locations  104 . 1  through  104 . n . The communication channel  106  may include, but is not limited to, a microwave radio link, a satellite channel, a fiber optic communication cable, a hybrid fiber optic communication cable system, a copper communication cable, or a concatenation of any combination of these, and including relays and frequency translations, to provide some examples. 
     The subscriber locations  104 . 1  through  104 . n  provide their video, audio, and/or data in the upstream through the communication channel  106  to the service provider location  102 . In some situations, problems may arise within the communication system  100  which may prohibit and/or degrade performance of the communication system  100  in transferring the video, audio, and/or data between the service provider location  102  and the subscriber locations  104 . 1  through  104 . n . For example, an inoperative communication link or defective communication cable within the communication channel  106  may prohibit communication between the service provider location  102  and one or more of the subscriber locations  104 . 1  through  104 . n . As another example, components of the subscriber locations  104 . 1  through  104 . n  may degrade over time thereby degrading communication between the service provider location  102  and one or more of the subscriber locations  104 . 1  through  104 . n . In other situations, potential problems may arise within the communication system  100  which may prohibit and/or degrade performance of the communication system  100  in transferring the video, audio, and/or data between the service provider location  102  and the subscriber locations  104 . 1  through  104 . n . These potential problems typically have not yet adversely affected the performance of the communication system  100 , but may do so in the future. 
     The communication system  100  includes one or more plant diagnostic tools at various locations within the communication system  100  to allow a service provider to remotely diagnose performance problems, or potential performance problems, within the communication system  100  in real time. For example, the one or more plant diagnostic tools may be implemented as standalone or a discrete devices within the communication system  100  or may be incorporated within or coupled to other devices or hosts, such as the service provider location  102 , one or more of the subscriber locations  104 . 1  through  104 . n , and/or the communication channel  106  to provide some examples, within the communication system  100 . In this example, the service provider may remotely diagnose performance problems, or potential performance problems, of the communication system  100  using the one or more plant diagnostic tools. 
     The one or more plant diagnostic tools measure various signal parameters of various signals within the communication system  100  and provide these signal parameters to the service provider location  102 . The signal parameters may include one or more of spectral density, received, signal strength, relative strength of different channels and services, noise floor and interference, transmitter frequency offsets, and/or any other suitable signal parameter that will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art(s) without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. The service provider location  102  may then use these signal parameters to remotely diagnose the performance problems, or the potential performance problems, within the communication system  100  in real time. 
     Typically, the plant diagnostic tool allows the service provider location  102  to accurately diagnose a location and/or a potential cause of the performance problems, or the potential performance problems. In some situations, the location and/or the potential cause of the performance problems, or the potential performance problems, may be remotely solved using the various signal parameters thereby eliminating the need to dispatch technicians. In other situations, the location and/or the potential cause of the performance problems, or the potential performance problems, may be accurately diagnosed thereby reducing the number of technicians dispatch. 
     Additionally, various signals within the communication system  100 , or portions thereof, and/or one or more of the various signal parameters may be graphically displayed and/or stored onto a machine-readable medium may include read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; flash memory devices; electrical, optical, acoustical or other forms of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.), and others. The graphical display allows an operator of the service provider location  102  to view various signals, or portions thereof, which are traversing throughout the communication system  100  in the time-domain and/or frequency domain. In some situations, the various signal parameters may be further processed in the time domain and/or the frequency domain before their display and/or storage. The operator of the service provider location  102  may use the graphical display of the various signals, or portions thereof, and/or the one or more of the various signal parameters to analyze performance of the communication system  100  to remotely diagnose performance problems, or the potential performance problems. 
     Further, the operator of the service provider location  102  may use the various signals within the communication system  100 , or portions thereof, and/or the one or more of the various signal parameters to optimize the performance of the communication system  100 . For example, the operator of the service provider location  102  may quantify a quality of and/or physical capabilities of the service provider location  102 . In this example, the operator of the service provider location  102  may adjust the quality of and/or physical capabilities of the service provider location  102  to adjust performance of the communication system  100 . The operator of the service provider location  102  may adjust a frequency allocation, such as a channel-line up to provide an example, of various signals within the communication system  100 , a relative power level within one or more channels of the frequency allocation, a frequency of the one or more channels, and/or any other suitable parameter of various signals within the communication system  100  that will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art(s) without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 
     In some situations, the service provider location  102  may provide testing signals to the subscriber locations  104 . 1  through  104 . n  and/or the communication channel  106  to test performance of the communication system  100  to remotely diagnose performance problems, or the potential performance problems. For example, the testing signals may use time-domain reflectometry (TDR) to determine characteristics of the subscriber locations  104 . 1  through  104 . n  and/or the communication channel  106 . Typically, a sounding source within the service provider location  102  and/or one of the subscriber locations  104 . 1  through  104 . n  may provide a sounding signal to a sounding receiver located within one of the subscriber locations  104 . 1  through  104 . n . In some situations, the sounding source and/or the sounding receiver may be implemented as a full-band transmitter and a full-band capture receiver, respectively. In these situations, the full-band transmitter by provide the sounding signal that occupies multiple communication channels with are all received by the ull-band capture receiver. The sounding receiver observes echoes caused by the sounding signal to determine a structure of the communication system  100 . These echoes are processed in the time domain to accurately diagnose the performance problems or the potential performance problems. As another example, the testing signals may include various broadband and/or narrow band communication signal to measure a response of the communication system  100  to these forms of testing signals. In this other example, the testing signals may represent artificial noise, various sinusoidal waveforms, also referred to as tones, combinations of various sinusoidal waveforms, and/or pseudo-random noise, also referred to as pseudo-noise, that is generated by the service provider location  102 . 
     Cable Communication System 
     Various plant diagnostic tools within various communication systems are to be described in more detail below. These communication systems are for illustrative purposes only and not limiting. Those skilled in the relevant art(s) will recognize that the various plant diagnostic tools and/or the various spectrum analysis tools, to be described below, may be used in any suitable point-to-point communication system and/or point-to-multipoint communication system without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. For example, the various plant diagnostic tools and/or the various spectrum analysis tools as to be described herein may be used to diagnose performance problems, or potential performance problems, in any wired communication system, any wireless communication system, or any combination of wired and wireless communication systems. 
     A cable system is a system of providing television, internet data, and/or other services from a cable service provider to cable service subscribers via radio frequency signals transmitted to one or more customer premises through a communication channel such as, but not limited to, optical fibers and/or coaxial cables. The cable system may utilize Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) compliant equipment and protocols to can out a transfer of information, such as video, audio, and/or data, between one or more cable modems (CMs) at a the one or more customer premises and one or more cable modem termination systems (CMTSs) located at the cable service provider. The DOCSIS Specification generally refers to a group of specifications published by CableLabs® that define industry standards for the CMTS and the CMs. In part, the DOCSIS specification sets forth requirements and objectives for various aspects of cable modern systems including operations support systems, management, data interfaces, as well as network layer, data link layer, and physical layer transport for data over cable systems. The DOCSIS interface specification entitled “Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications, DOCSIS 3.0, MAC and Upper Layer Protocols Interface Specification, CM-SP-MULPIv3.0-I16-110623” is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a cable system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. A cable communication system  200  includes a headend having a cable modern termination system (CMTS)  202  that is located at a cable service provider to service one or more cable moderns (CMs) located at customer premises  204 . 1  through  204 . n . The CMTS  202  facilities bidirectional communication of information, such as video, audio, and/or data, to the one or more cable modems (CMs) located at customer premises  204 . 1  through  204 . n  via a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) network. The HFC network represents a bidirectional communication network that converts optical communication signals from the CMTS  202  to electrical communication signals for delivery to the customer premises  204 . 1  through  204 . n  and/or electrical communication signals from the customer premises  204 . 1  through  204 . n  to optical communication signals for delivery to the CMTS  202 . Such HFC networks are commonly utilized by the cable service provider to provide Internet access, cable television, pay-per-view, and other services to the customer premises  204 . 1  through  204 . n  that will be recognized by those skilled in the relevant art(s) without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. The cable communication system  200  may represent an exemplary embodiment of the communication system  100 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , the HFC network includes optical fiber hubs  206 . 1  through  206 . i , optical fiber nodes  208 . 1  through  208 . k , and optional amplifiers  210 . 1  through  210 . m . The configuration and arrangement of the HFC network as shown in  FIG. 2  is for illustrative purposes only. Those skilled in the relevant art(s) will recognize that the HFC network may be configured and arranged differently and/or may include any suitable number of optical fiber hubs  206 . 1  through  206 . i , optical fiber nodes  208 . 1  through  208 . k , and optional amplifiers  210 . 1  through  210 . m  without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 
     The optical fiber hubs  206 . 1  through  206 . i  are coupled to each other and to the CMTS  202  using a fiber optic communication cable  214 . Each of the optical fiber hubs  206 . 1  through  206 . i  is typically capable of facilitating communication with approximately 20,000 customer premises  204 . 1  through  204 . n . The fiber optic communication cable  214  extending intermediate the CMTS  202  and the optical fiber hubs  206 . 1  through  206 . i  defines a fiber ring which is typically capable of facilitating communication between approximately 100,000 customer premises  204 . 1  through  204 . n  and the CMTS  202 . The optical fiber nodes  208 . 1  through  208 . k  are electrically coupled to the optical fiber hubs  206 . 1  through  206 . i , typically via various fiber optic communication cables  216 . Approximately 500 customer premises  204 . 1  through  204 . n  are in electrical communication with the optical fiber nodes  208 . 1  through  208 . k , typically via various electrical communication cables  212  and various electrical communication cables  218 . The optional amplifiers  210 . 1  through  210 . m  facilitate the electrical connection of more distant customer premises  204 . 1  through  204 . n  to the optical fiber nodes  208 . 1  through  208 . k  by boosting electrical signals traversing through the various electrical communication cables  218  so as to desirably enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of such communication. 
     The optical fiber hubs  206 . 1  through  206 . i , optical fiber nodes  208 . 1  through  208 . k , and and/or the optional amplifiers  210 . 1  through  210 . m  in may include one or more plant diagnostic tools to measure various signal parameters of various signals traversing through the cable communication system  200 . For example, one or more of the optical fiber hubs  206 . 1  through  206 . i  may include one or more plant diagnostic tools to measure various signal parameters of various signals traversing through the fiber optic communication cable  214  and/or the via various fiber optic communication cables  216 . As another example, one or more of the optical fiber nodes  208 . 1  through  208 . k  may include one or more plant diagnostic tools to measure various signal parameters of various signals traversing through the via various fiber optic communication cables  216  and/or the various electrical communication cables  218 . As further example, one or more of the optional amplifiers  210 . 1  through  210 . m  may include plant diagnostic tool to measure various signal parameters of various signals traversing through the various electrical communication cables  212  and/or the various electrical communication cables  218 . As a yet further example, one or more of the customer premises  204 . 1  through  204 . n  may include one or more plant diagnostic tools to measure various signal parameters of various signals traversing through the various electrical communication cables  212 . In these examples, the signal parameters may include one or more of spectral density, received signal strength, relative strength of different channels and services, noise floor and interference, transmitter frequency offsets, and/or any other suitable signal parameter that will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art(s) without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 
     The CMTS  202  may use the various signals, or portions thereof, and/or one or more of the various signal parameters as measured by the one or more plant diagnostic tools within the optical fiber hubs  206 . 1  through  206 . i , optical fiber nodes  208 . 1  through  208 . k , and/or the optional amplifiers  210 . 1  through  210 . m  to remotely diagnose performance problems, or potential performance problems, within the cable communication system  200  in real time. The CMTS  202  may graphically display the various signals, or portions thereof, and/or one or more of the various signal parameters. The graphical display allows an operator of the CMTS  202  to view various signals, or portions thereof, which are traversing throughout the cable communication system  200  in the time-domain and/or frequency domain. Additionally, the CMTS  202  may store the various signals, or portions thereof, and/or the one or more of the various signal parameters onto a machine-readable medium may include read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; flash memory devices; electrical, optical, acoustical or other forms of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.), and others. In some situations, the various signal parameters may be further processed in the time domain and/or the frequency domain before their display and/or storage. The operator of the CMTS  202  may use the graphical display of the various signals, or portions thereof, and/or the one or more of the various signal parameters to analyze performance of the cable communication system  200  to remotely diagnose performance problems, or the potential performance problems. 
     Multimedia Over Coax Alliance (MoCA) Communication System 
     A home network is a system of providing television, internet data, and/or other services over various coaxial cable infrastructures to connect consumer electronics and home networking devices to a service provider. The home network may utilize Multimedia over Coax Alliance (MoCA) compliant equipment and protocols to carry out a transfer of information, such as video, audio, and/or data, between consumer electronics and home networking devices at a customer premises and headend at a service provider. The MoCA Standard generally refers to a universal standard for home entertainment networking published by Multimedia over Coax Alliance that defines industry standards for home networking. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates an exemplary home network utilizing MoCA compliant equipment and protocols according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. A home communication system  300  includes an optical network terminal (ONT)  302  for communicating information, such as video, audio, and/or data, between at a headend at a service provider and a customer premise  304 , such as a home to provide an example, over a fiber optic communication cable  306 . However, this example is not limiting, those skilled in the relevant art(s) will recognize that the customer premise  304  may communicate with the service provider using any suitable wired communication, wireless communication, or any combination of wired and wireless communication that will be apparent without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. The home communication system  300  may represent an exemplary embodiment of the communication system  100 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , the fiber optic communication cable  306  carries the information between the headend and the ONT  302  at the customer premise  304 . The ONT  302  converts fiber optical communication signals from the headend to electrical communication signals for the customer premise  304  and/or electrical communication signals from the customer premise  304  to fiber optical communication signals for the headend. One or more electrical communication cables  308 , such as one or more copper communication cables and/or one or more coaxial communication cables to provide some examples, couple the ONT  302  to MoCA adapters  310  through  316 . Although the MoCA adapters  310  through  316  are shown as separate devices in  FIG. 3 , those skilled in the relevant art(s) will recognize that the MoCA adapters  310  through  316  may be implemented into other hardware, such as a cable set top box to provide an example, with departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 
     The MoCA adapters  310  through  316  provide television, internet data, and/or other services to various consumer electronics and/or home networking devices within various rooms  318  through  324  of the customer premise  304 . It should be noted that the number of rooms and/or MoCA adapters as shown in  FIG. 3  are for illustrative purposes only, those skilled in the relevant art(s) will recognize that a different number of rooms and/or MoCA adapters may be within the customer premise  304  without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 
     The MoCA adapter  310  within the room  318  couples to a cable modem  326  and a wireless router  328 , which in turn, provides wireless access to a portable computer  330 . Similarly, the MoCA adapter  312  within the room  320  couples to a video game console  332  and a television  334  to provide wireless access to the video game console  332  and the television  334 . Likewise, the MoCA adapter  314  within the room  322  and the MoCA adapter  316  within the room  324  couple to a personal computer  336  and a personal computer  338 , respectively. The MoCA adapters  310  through  316  are configured and arranged to form a home network allowing the cable modem  326 , the wireless router  328 , the portable computer  330 , the video game console  332 , the television  334 , the personal computer  336 , and/or the personal computer  338  to communicate amongst themselves as well as with service provider via the ONT  302 . It should be noted that the consumer electronics and/or home networking devices within the customer premise  304  as shown in  FIG. 3  is for illustrative purposes only, those skilled in the relevant art(s) will recognize that other consumer electronics and/or home networking devices may be within the customer premise  304  without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 
     The ONT  302  and/or the MoCA adapters  310  through  316  may include one or more plant diagnostic tools to measure various signal parameters of various signals traversing through the home communication system  300 . For example, the ONT  302  may include one or more plant diagnostic tools to measure various signal parameters of various signals traversing through the fiber optic communication cable  306  and/or the one or more electrical communication cables  308 . As another example, one or more of the MoCA adapters  310  through  316  may include one or more plant diagnostic tools to measure various signal parameters of various signals traversing through the fiber optic communication cable  306  and/or the one or more electrical communication cables  308 . In these examples, the signal parameters may include one or more of spectral density, received signal strength, relative strength of different channels and services, noise floor and interference, transmitter frequency offsets, and/or any other suitable signal parameter that will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art(s) without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 
     An operator of the headend may use the various signals, or portions thereof, and/or one or more of the various signal parameters as measured by the one or more plant diagnostic tools within the ONT  302  and/or the MoCA adapters  310  through  316  to remotely diagnose performance problems, or potential performance problems, within the home communication system  300  in real time. The service provider may graphically display the various signals, or portions thereof, and/or one or more of the various signal parameters. The graphical display allows an operator of the headend to view various signals, or portions thereof, which are traversing throughout the home communication system  300  in the time-domain and/or frequency domain. Additionally, the headend may More the various signals, or portions thereof, and/or the one or more of the various signal parameters onto a machine-readable medium may include read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; flash memory devices; electrical, optical, acoustical or other forms of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.), and others. In some situations, the various signal parameters may be further processed in the time domain and/or the frequency domain before their display and/or storage. The operator of the headend may use the graphical display of the various signals, or portions thereof, and/or the one or more of the various signal parameters to analyze performance of the home communication system  300  to remotely diagnose performance problems, or the potential performance problems. 
     An Exemplary Plant Diagnostic Tool for Communication Systems 
       FIG. 4  illustrates an exemplary plant diagnostic tool that may be implemented at various locations within a communication system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. A plant diagnostic tool  400  may be positioned at various locations within a communication system, such as the communication system  100 , the cable communication system  200 , the home communication system  300 , or any other suitable wired and/or wireless communication system to provide some examples, to measure various signal parameters of various signals traversing through the communication system. The communication system may include one or more plant diagnostic tools  400  to measure various signal parameters of various signals traversing through the communication system. The plant diagnostic tool  400  may be implemented as a standalone or a discrete device within the communication system or may be incorporated within or coupled to other devices or hosts within the communication system. An operator at a service provider may use various signals, or portions thereof, and/or one or more of the various signal parameters as measured by the plant diagnostic tool  400  to remotely diagnose performance problems, or potential performance problems, within the communication system in real time. 
     Generally, the plant diagnostic tool  400  includes a receiver  402 , a baseband processor  404 , a parameter measurement module  406 , and a transmitter  408 . However, those skilled in the relevant art(s) will recognize that one or more of the receiver  402 , the baseband processor  404 , and the transmitter module  408  may be optional without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 
     The receiver  402  receives a received communication signal  452  that is traversing through the communication system. The received communication signal  452  may represent a wired and/or a wireless communication signal. The receiver  402  may process the received communication signal  452  to provide a received sequence of data  454 . This processing may include amplifying, filtering, downconverting, demodulating, and/or decoding of the received communication signal  452 . This processing may also include conversion of the received communication signal  452  from a first representation, such as an optical signal or an analog representation to provide some examples, to a second representation, such as an electrical signal or a digital representation to provide some examples. For example, the receiver  402  may be characterized as being a wide-band and/or full band capture receiver. In this example, the receiver  402  can include a wide-band capture analog digital converter (ADC) that is capable of converting multiple channels and/or services within the received communication signal  452  from a representation in the analog domain to a representation in the digital domain. Alternatively, in this example, the wide-band capture ADC represents a full band ADC that is capable of converting each of the channels and/or services, referred to as full band capture, within the received communication signal into the digital representation. 
     The baseband processor  404  may process the received sequence of data  454  to provide a recovered sequence of data  456  for one or more devices of the communication system. Additionally, the baseband processor  404  may process a received sequence of data  458  from the one or more devices of the communication system to provide a transmission sequence of data  466 . These devices may include personal computers, data terminal equipment, telephony devices, broadband media players, personal digital assistants, software applications, hubs, nodes, cable modems, cable modem termination systems, various adapters, and/or any other device that is capable of transmitting and/or receiving information within the communication system that will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art(s) without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Typically, the baseband processor  404  may process the received sequence of data  454  and/or the received sequence of data  458  in accordance with a communication standard, such as the DOCSIS Specification and/or the MoCA Standard to provide some examples. 
     Additionally, the baseband processor  404  may provide one or more signal parameters  460  to allow technicians dispatched by the service provider to locally diagnose performance problems, or potential performance problems, within the communication system in real time. The baseband processor  404  may process one or more signal parameters  462  from the parameter measurement module  406  to reconstruct various signals, or portions thereof, that are traversing throughout the communication system. The baseband processor  404  may provide the various signals, or the portions thereof, and/or the one or more signal parameters as the one or more signal parameters  460 . The one or more signal parameters  460  to allow technicians to view the various signals, or the portions thereof, and/or the one or more signal parameters to locally diagnose performance problems, or potential performance problems, within the communication system in real time. For example, the technicians may simply display the one or more signal parameters  460  onto a diagnostic display, such a video panel, or a liquid crystal display to provide some examples, to locally diagnose the performance problems, or the potential performance problems, of the communication system in real time. As another example, the technicians may provide the one or more signal parameters  460  to a computing system, such as a mobile device, a smart phone, a laptop computer to provide some examples, to perform additional processing in the time domain and/or the frequency domain on the one or more signal parameters  460 . In this other example, the computing system may additionally provide the or more signal parameters  460  before or after being processed to the service provider. 
     The parameter measurement module  406  estimates one or more signal parameters of one or more signals within the plant diagnostic tool  400 . These one or more signals may include the received communication signal  452 , the received sequence of data  454 , the recovered sequence of data  456 , the received sequence of data  458 , the transmission sequence of data  466 , a transmitted communication signal  468 , and/or any other suitable signal within the plant diagnostic tool  400  that will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art(s) without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. The one or more signal parameters may include a spectral density, a received signal strength, a relative strength of different channels and services, noise floor and interference, transmitter frequency offset, and/or any other suitable parameter that will be recognized by those skilled in the relevant art(s) without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 
     The parameter measurement module  406  may provide the one or more signal parameters themselves, or indications of the one or more signal parameters, as one or more signal parameters  462  which are in turn processed by the baseband processor  404 . The baseband processor  404  may process the one or more signal parameters  462  in the time domain and/or the frequency domain to provide these processed parameters as the one or more signal parameters  460  and/or the transmission sequence of data  466 . For example, the baseband processor  404  may format the one or more signal parameters  462  into a header portion or a data portion of a data packet and provide this data packet as the transmission sequence of data  466 . The parameter measurement module  406  may additionally provide the one or more signal parameters, or the indications of the one or more signal parameters, as one or more signal parameters  464  which are in turn provided to the service provider by the transmitter  408  to remotely diagnose performance problems, or potential performance problems, within the communication system in real time. 
     The transmitter  408  processes the one or more signal parameters  464  and/or the transmission sequence of data  466  to provide the transmitted communication signal  468 . The transmitted communication signal  468  may represent a wired and/or a wireless communication signal that is provided to the communication system. In an exemplary embodiment, the transmitted communication signal  468  may include an in-band portion that is primarily for transmission of the transmission sequence of data  466  and an out-of-band portion that is primary for transmission of one or more signal parameters  464 . In this exemplary embodiment, the in-band portion and the out-of-band portion of the transmission sequence of data  466  may be determined in accordance with the communication standard. The processing of the one or more signal parameters  464  and/or the transmission sequence of data  466  may include amplifying, filtering, upconverting, modulating, and/or encoding. This processing may also include conversion of the one or more signal parameters  464  and/or the transmission sequence of data  466  from a first representation, such as an electrical signal or a digital representation to provide some examples, to a second representation, such as an optical signal or an analog representation to provide some examples. 
     In some embodiments, a sounding source and/or a sounding receiver may be implemented as part of the plant diagnostic tool  400 . Optionally, the sounding source may share physical hardware with the transmitter  408  and/or the sounding receiver may share physical hardware with the receiver  402 . 
     An Exemplary Spectrum Analysis Tool for Communication Systems 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary spectrum analysis tool for communication systems according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. A spectrum analysis tool  500  may use various signal parameters of various signals as measured by one or more plant diagnostic tools, such as one or more of the plant diagnostic tools  400  to provide an example, that may be positioned at various locations within a communication system, such as the communication system  100 , the cable communication system  200 , the home communication system  300 , or any other suitable wired and/or wireless communication system to provide some examples, to remotely diagnose performance problems, or potential performance problems, within the communication system in real time. The spectrum analysis tool  500  may display and/or store these signal parameters, or the various signal signals themselves to allow an operator of spectrum analysis tool  500  to view various signals, or portions thereof, which are traversing throughout the communication environment in the time-domain and/or frequency domain. The display and/or storage of these signal parameters as well as the various signals themselves allow the operator to remotely and accurately diagnose the location and/or cause of performance problems, or potential performance problems. In some situations, the potential cause of the performance problems may be remotely solved using the various signal parameters without any truck rolls being dispatched by the operator. In other situations, the spectrum analysis tool  500  allows the operator to accurately diagnose the location and/or the potential cause of the performance problems thereby reducing the number of technicians dispatched by the operator. 
     The spectrum analysis tool  500  may be implemented as a standalone or a discrete device within the communication system or may be incorporated within or coupled to other devices or hosts within the communication system. For example, the spectrum analysis tool  500  may be implemented as part of the service provider equipment or may be a standalone device that is coupled to the subscriber equipment. 
     Generally, the spectrum analysis tool  500  includes a receiver  502 , a baseband processor  504 , a user interface  506 , and a transmitter  506 . However, those skilled in the relevant art(s) will recognize that one or more of the receiver  502 , the baseband processor  504 , and the transmitter module  508  may be optional without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 
     The receiver  502  receives a received communication signal  552  that is traversing through the communication system. The received communication signal  552  may represent a wired and/or a wireless communication signal that is traversing through the communication system. The receiver  502  may process the received communication signal  552  to provide a received sequence of data  554 . This processing may include amplifying, filtering, downconverting, demodulating, and/or decoding of the received communication signal  552 . This processing may also include conversion of the received communication signal  552  from a first representation, such as an optical signal or an analog representation to provide some examples, to a second representation, such as an electrical signal or a digital representation to provide some examples. For example, the receiver  502  may include a wide-band capture analog digital converter (ADC) that is capable of converting multiple channels and/or services within the received communication signal  552  from a representation in the analog domain to a representation in the digital domain. As another example, the wide-band capture ADC represents a full hand ADC that is capable of converting each of the channels and/or services, referred to as full band capture, within the received communication signal into the digital representation. 
     The baseband processor  504  may process the received sequence of data  554  to provide a recovered sequence of data  556  for one or more devices of the communication system. Additionally, the baseband processor  504  may process a received sequence of data  558  from the one or more devices of the communication system to provide a transmission sequence of data  562 . These devices may include personal computers, data terminal equipment, telephony devices, broadband media players, personal digital assistants, software applications, hubs, nodes, cable modems, cable modem termination systems, various adapters, and/or any other device that is capable of transmitting and/or receiving information within the communication system that will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art(s) without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Typically, the baseband processor  504  may process the received sequence of data  554  and/or the received sequence of data  558  in accordance with a communication standard, such as the DOCSIS Specification and/or the MoCA Standard to provide some examples. 
     Additionally, the baseband processor  504  may process one or more signal parameters from one or more plant diagnostic tools elsewhere within the communication system that are embedded within the received communication signal  552  and/or the received sequence of data  558  to reconstruct various signals, or portions thereof, that are traversing throughout the communication system. The baseband processor  504  may provide the various signals, or the portions thereof, and/or the one or more signal parameters as one or more signal parameters  560 . The one or more signal parameters  560  to allow operators of the spectrum analysis tool  500  to view the various signals, or the portions thereof, and/or the one or more signal parameters to remotely diagnose performance problems, or potential performance problems, within the communication system in real time. 
     The transmitter  506  processes the transmission sequence of data  562  to provide the transmitted communication signal  568 . The transmitted communication signal  568  may represent a wired and/or a wireless communication signal that is provided to the communication system. The processing of the transmission sequence of data  562  may include amplifying, filtering, upconverting, modulating, and/or encoding. This processing may also include conversion of the transmission sequence of data  562  from a first representation, such as an electrical signal or a digital representation to provide some examples, to a second representation, such as an optical, signal or an analog representation to provide some examples. 
     In some embodiments, the sounding source may be implemented as part of the spectrum analysis tool  500 . Optionally, the sounding source may share physical hardware with the transmitter  506 . 
     CONCLUSION 
     The disclosure has been described above with the aid of functional building blocks illustrating the implementation of specified functions and relationships thereof. The boundaries of these functional building blocks have been arbitrarily defined herein for the convenience of the description. Alternate boundaries may be defined so long as the specified functions and relationships thereof are appropriately performed. 
     It will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art(s) that various changes in form and detail can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Thus the disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments.