Patent Publication Number: US-6981646-B2

Title: Chip embedded trading card, recording and/or reproducing apparatus therefor, and message building method

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
   This application is based upon and claims priority of Korean Patent Application No. 00-31837 filed Jun. 9, 2000 in the Korean Industrial Property Office, the contents being incorporated herein by reference. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates to a system including a trading card and a recording and/or reproducing apparatus, and more particularly, to a trading card capable of storing subject-related data of a subject shown therein, a recording and/or reproducing apparatus for reproducing data stored in the trading card, or recording the subject-related data in the trading card, and a method which enables communication between the subject in a trading card and its user. 
   2. Description of the Related Art 
   Trading cards such as sports cards, music cards, and cartoon cards, illustrate pictures of subjects, such as sports stars, musicians, and cartoon characters and include statistical information, and graphic symbols related to the subject. Also, because trading cards are issued in a limited number a year, the public enjoys collecting the cards. 
   On most trading cards, still pictures (photos) are printed, but on some trading cards, continuing still pictures are shown using holograms. However, these continuing still pictures have very short life span, and depend on the lighting state. Still pictures (photos) recorded on the existing trading cards do not have systematic mutual relations, which are a series of still pictures printed on a plurality of playing cards used to show a moving picture when viewed in sequence. For instance, a plurality of cards in a sequence of increasing serial numbers can be used to show a movement such as a shooting basketball. Therefore, even though existing trading cards showing still pictures are arranged, an image of mutual relationship cannot be given. 
   The existing trading card delivers information unilaterally. That is, the owner of a trading card passively receives information recorded in the trading card, and communication between the user and the subject shown on the trading card cannot be expected. However, if the subject shown in the trading card would be able to call with a greeting, the popularity of the trading card would be raised. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   Various objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. 
   To accomplish the above object of the present invention, there is provided a system, including a trading card with a subject printed thereon; a data storage unit in the trading card storing subject-related data; and a recording and/or reproducing unit recording and/or reproducing subject-related data on/from the data storage unit, wherein the subject-related data includes picture and/or text information related to the subject displayed on the trading card; and a housing unit containing and protecting the data storage unit. 
   To accomplish another object of the present invention, there is also provided a system, including: a trading card; and a recording and/or reproducing apparatus recording and/or reproducing subject-related data to/from the trading card, wherein the subject-related data includes picture information related to a subject, the recording and/or reproducing apparatus including: a transmission and reception unit transmitting subject-related data to and receiving the subject-related data from the trading card, a memory unit storing the subject-related data provided through the transmission and reception unit, a key controller inputting manipulation commands by a user; a decoder decoding the picture information from the subject-related data stored in the memory and generating a video signal corresponding to the picture information, a display unit displaying the video signal generated by the decoder, and a controller controlling the transmission and reception unit, the decoder, and the display unit according to the manipulation commands. 
   To accomplish another object of the present invention, there is also provided a method of building a message between a subject displayed on a trading card and a user of the trading card, including: using the trading card to store subject-related data of the subject, wherein the subject-related data includes sound or voice information relating to the subject; receiving user-related information from the user; building the message by implementing the user-related data into the subject-related data; storing the message in the trading card; and outputting the message. 
   These together with other objects and advantages which will be subsequently apparent, reside in the details of construction and operation as more fully hereinafter described and claimed, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming a part hereof, wherein like numerals refer to like parts throughout. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The above objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail a preferred embodiment thereof with reference to the attached drawings in which: 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a system including a trading card and a recording and/or reproducing apparatus therefore, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 2  illustrates an external appearance of the trading card; 
       FIGS. 3A and 3B  illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the trading card, in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 4  illustrates an alternative embodiment of the trading card, in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIGS. 5A and 5B  illustrate an external view of the recording and/or reproducing apparatus, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 6  is a schematic block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the recording and/or reproducing apparatus, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 7  is a schematic block diagram illustrating an alternative embodiment of the recording and/or reproducing apparatus, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 8  is a flowchart illustrating a process in which the recording and/or reproducing apparatuses shown in  FIGS. 6 and 7  operate being connected to a computer; 
       FIG. 9  illustrates a process in which subject-related data is recorded in a trading card; 
       FIG. 10  illustrates an external appearance of the recording apparatus shown in  FIG. 9 ; 
       FIG. 11  illustrates a process in which subject-related data is recorded in a trading card; 
       FIG. 12  illustrates an alternative embodiment of the trading card, in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 13  illustrates a process in which the trading cards shown in  FIG. 12  are reproduced; 
       FIGS. 14A and 14B  illustrate examples of data recorded in a trading card; 
       FIG. 15  illustrates a connectivity between a recording and/or reproducing apparatus and other devices; and 
       FIG. 16  is a flowchart showing a communication realizing method, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. The present invention is not restricted to the following embodiments, and many variations are possible within the spirit and scope of the present invention. The embodiments of the present invention are provided in order to completely explain the present invention to anyone skilled in the art. 
   The present invention provides a trading card including a data storage unit or means has the size, external appearance, and format similar to those of a conventional paper trading card. At the same time, a user can watch, listen, and enjoy image, sound, and text information stored in the data storage unit in the trading card, through a display apparatus or a reproducing apparatus, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
   Also, compared to a connection-type trading card, which communicates subject-related data through an electrical signal, the present invention provides a connectionless-type trading card that communicates subject-related data through an optical or radio signal, enabling reduction in thickness and weight of the reproducing apparatus and allowing a card to be reproduced in a plurality of reproducing apparatuses. 
   Further, if a user&#39;s related information or desired messages are input in the data storage unit, which stores image, sound and text information, through a reproducing apparatus, the user may receive messages (i.e., greetings, introduction of contents, etc.) stored in the data storage unit from a subject shown in the trading card or celebrity (i.e., a sports start, film star, cartoon hero, etc.) to make it appear that the user and the subject are communicating. 
   The user can also input desired voice or sound information in the data storage unit through software or other input apparatuses so that the voice can be played while watching image and/or text information. The user&#39;s related information or desired messages can be input in the trading card of the present invention through a recording apparatus, software, or other input apparatuses. The reproducing apparatus of the present invention can output reproduced moving pictures in a TV receiver, personal computer, digital versatile disc (DVD), head mount device (HMD), camcorder, monitor, etc. If moving pictures stored in a plurality of trading cards are reproduced continuously, a movie including the moving pictures can be implemented, and the user need not change each trading card, thereby saving time. 
     FIG. 1  illustrates a system including a trading card and a recording and/or reproducing apparatus, means, or unit therefore, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The trading card  100  has photos, statistical information, or personal information printed on its sides as existing trading cards. In addition the trading card  100  may store data (hereinafter referred to as “subject-related data”) related to a subject, such as a celebrity. 
   The subject-related data includes moving pictures, still pictures, sound, and text information. Text information includes statistical information of the subject, personal information, etc. In addition to subject-related data, user-related information can be recorded in the trading card  100 . The subject-related data is stored in a data storage unit  10  contained in the trading card  100 . To prevent illegal copying, a copy protection scheme in hardware and software is implemented in the data storage unit  10  and applied to the subject-related data. The data storage unit  10  can be a semiconductor integrated circuit (IC), compact disc, videotape, etc. The semiconductor IC has a semiconductor memory and an input/output (I/O) controller. Still picture, sound, and text information require less memory capacity than moving picture information. However, the moving picture and still picture information can be recorded after being compressed. 
   The trading card  100  communicates with the recording and/or reproducing apparatus  200  using an electrical signal, an optical signal, or a radio signal. The recording and/or reproducing apparatus  200  reads subject-related data stored in the trading card  100 . The read subject-related data is processed according to manipulation commands from the user, and a processed result is displayed in a display unit  78 , or through other types of display apparatuses (not shown). The recording and/or reproducing apparatus  200  can record subject-related data provided from other sources such as a computer in the trading card  100 . 
     FIG. 2  illustrates an external appearance of the trading card  100 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The trading card  100  includes a front side, on which a full-length photo  22  of a sports star is printed. A connection terminal (not shown) for exchanging an electrical signal with the recording and/or reproducing apparatus  200  can be installed in the backside of the trading card. 
     FIGS. 3A and 3B  illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the trading card  100  in accordance with the present invention. The trading card  300  shown in  FIG. 3A  has a connectionless-type semiconductor IC  30  that does not need a connection terminal. The connectionless-type semiconductor IC  30  converts an electromotive force induced by the radio signal applied by the recording and/or reproducing apparatus  200  into power source. 
   More particularly, referring to  FIG. 3A , a portion indicated by solid lines shows a housing  32 . The trading card  300  includes the semiconductor IC  30  indicated by dotted lines inside the housing  32 , which protects the semiconductor IC  30  from impact, dust, etc. The semiconductor IC  30  generally has a semiconductor memory, an input controller, an output controller, etc. The input controller controls recording subject-related data and user-related data in the semiconductor memory, while the output controller outputs subject-related data and user-related data stored in the semiconductor memory to the recording and/or reproducing apparatus  200 . The semiconductor IC  30  transmits subject-related data, which is stored in the form of an optical or radio signal, to the recording and/or reproducing apparatus  200  of  FIG. 1 , or receives subject-related data from the recording and/or reproducing apparatus  200 . The semiconductor IC  30  transmits subject-related data in the form of an optical or radio signal so that one trading card  300  can be reproduced simultaneously in a plurality of recording and/or reproducing apparatuses. 
   Generally, as shown in  FIG. 2 , the photo of a sports star is printed on the front side of the housing  32 , while other personal information and statistical information are printed on its backside. The material for the housing  32  may include paper or plastic. If the material for the housing  32  is paper, a coating film is applied to strengthen the protection of the housing  32 . The portion containing the semiconductor IC  30  can be processed so that the portion has a higher density than other parts. By using paper material for the housing  32 , the trading card  300  can give an impression similar to existing trading cards. 
     FIG. 3B  is a sectional view of the trading card shown in  FIG. 3A . As shown in  FIG. 3B , the housing  32  of the trading card protects the semiconductor IC  30  and is formed of an upper layer  32   a  and a bottom layer  32   b . Each, the upper layer  32   a  and the bottom layer  32   b  has a rectangular or square shaped groove. Protection films  34   a  and  34   b  cover the upper side and bottom side of the housing  32  for protection. The protection films  34   a  and  34   b  are made, for instance, of a laminated film. 
     FIG. 4  illustrates an alternative embodiment of a trading card, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The trading card  400  includes a connection-type semiconductor IC  40 . The semiconductor IC  40  has a connection terminal  40   a . The connection terminal  40   a  is provided for an electrical contact with the recording and/or reproducing apparatus  200  shown in  FIG. 1 . The power for the operation of the semiconductor IC  40  is provided through the connection terminal  40   a.    
     FIGS. 5A and 5B  illustrate an external view of the recording and/or reproducing apparatus, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The apparatus shown in  FIGS. 5A and 5B  is a connectionless-type recording and/or reproducing apparatus for the connectionless-type trading card  300  shown in  FIG. 3 . Referring to  FIG. 5A , the recording and/or reproducing apparatus  200  includes on its front side a display unit  78 , a speaker  74 , a volume controller  75 , a key controller  84 , and an earphone connection jack  76 . The key controller  84  includes an ON/OFF button  84   a  to turn on/off the recording and/or reproducing apparatus  200 , a play button  84   b  for playing or reproducing subject-related information, a high speed forward reproduction button  84   c , a rewind button  84   d , and a slow reproduction button  84   e . The key controller  84  can further have a recording button (not shown) for recording data in the trading card  100 . The display unit  78  displays images, such as moving pictures and still pictures and text information, such as personal information and statistical information. The speaker  74  and the earphone connection jack  76 -output sound information. Referring to  FIG. 5B , a transmission and reception unit  60  is installed on the backside of the recording and/or reproducing apparatus  200 . The transmission and reception unit  60  transmits or receives the subject-related data to/from the connectionless-type trading card  300  shown in  FIGS. 3A and 3B . 
     FIG. 6  is a schematic block diagram of the recording and/or reproducing apparatus, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The recording and/or reproducing apparatus of  FIG. 6  has a transmission and reception unit  60 , a random access memory (RAM)  62 , a read-only memory (ROM)  64 , an internal memory  66 , a controller  68 , a decoder  70 , a digital-to-analog (D/A) converter  72 , a speaker  74 , an earphone connection jack  76 , a display unit  78 , a microphone  80 , an interface unit  82 , a key controller  84 , and an output terminal  86 . 
   Turning to the operation of the recording and/or reproduction apparatus, the transmission and reception unit  60  receives subject-related data through an optical or radio signal from the trading card  300  shown in  FIG. 3 . The subject-related data transmitted from the trading card  300  is received by the transmission and reception unit  60  and stored in the RAM  62 . The ROM  64  stores programs and data for controlling the operations of the reproducing apparatus  600 . The key controller  84  receives a command signal from the buttons illustrated in  FIG. 5A  for reading subject-related data from the trading card  300 , reproducing the read subject-related data, or for recording the subject-related data in the trading card  300 . 
   The decoder  70  decodes the subject-related data read from the trading card  300 , for instance, moving picture information, compressed still image information, and compressed sound information. Because image information has a large amount of data, the image information may be compressed and then stored in the trading card  300 . The compressed image information would be then sent to the recording and/or reproducing apparatus. The examples of the moving picture compression method includes MPEG, MPEG-2, MPEG-4 and MPEG 7, and the examples of the still picture compression method includes JPEG, BMP, etc. The decoder  70  decodes compressed moving picture information, compressed still picture information, and compressed sound information. 
   The controller  68  operates according to the command signal from the key controller  84 . For instance, if the command signal is for reproducing, the controller  68  outputs a signal to the semiconductor IC  30  in the trading card  300  to transmit the subject-related data stored in the semiconductor IC  30  to the reproducing apparatus  600  via the transmission and reception unit  60 . The subject-related data transmitted to the recording and/or reproducing apparatus  600  is stored in the RAM  62 . The subject-related data stored in the RAM  62  is transmitted to the decoder  70 . The image signal reproduced by the decoder  70  is transmitted to the display unit  78 . The voice signal reproduced by the decoder  70  is output through the speaker  74  or the earphone connection jack  76 . In addition, the controller  68  controls high-speed forward, rewind, and reproduction of text information. 
   If a command is for recording, the controller  68  commands the trading card  300  to record the subject-related data via the transmission and reception unit  60 . Reception of the recording command is recognized through communication with the trading card  300 . After receiving a signal from the trading card  300 , the controller  68  controls an operation of transferring the subject-related data stored in the RAM  62  to the trading card  300 . The subject-related data stored in the RAM  62  is transferred to the trading card  300  via the transmission and reception unit  60 . The semiconductor IC  30  receives the recording command from the reproducing apparatus  600  and records the subject-related data transmitted from the recording and/or reproducing apparatus  600  in the semiconductor memory. 
   The interface unit  82  enables communication with an external computer. More particularly, the reproducing apparatus  600  downloads subject-related data from the external computer through the interface unit  88  and stores the data in the ROM  62 , or uploads subject-related data stored in the RAM  62  to the external computer. The interface unit  82  may be a universal serial bus (USB), a parallel port, or infrared light port, etc. The microphone  80  is for inputting the user&#39;s voice, and the output terminal  86  is for outputting image and voice signals reproduced by the decoder  70 . 
     FIG. 7  is schematic a block diagram of the recording and/or reproducing apparatus, in accordance with an alternative exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The recording and/or reproducing apparatus of  FIG. 7  includes a connection unit  94  instead of the transmission and reception unit  60  of  FIG. 6 . The connection unit  94  includes a connection terminal (not shown) corresponding the connection terminal  40   a  shown in  FIG. 4 . The trading card  400  of  FIG. 4  is inserted into the connection unit  94 . 
     FIG. 8  is a flowchart showing a process in which the recording and/or reproducing apparatuses shown in  FIGS. 6 and 7  operate while being connected to a computer. At operation  800  the recording and/or reproducing apparatus  600  or  700  is connected to a computer via the interface unit  82 , for example, an RS232C cable, a parallel cable, or a USB cable. The connection is determined by a protocol supported by the interface unit  82 . At operation  802 , an application program for the recording and/or reproducing apparatus  600  or  700  is executed in the computer. At operation  804 , icons indicating the recording and/or reproducing apparatus  600  or  700  are displayed on the computer. A plurality of recording and/or reproducing apparatus can be connected to the computer, and by clicking on one of the displayed icons, a desired recording and/or reproducing apparatus can be selected. Accordingly, at operation  806 , by clicking on one of the icons, the desired recording and/or reproducing apparatus are selected in. 
   At operation  808 , a main screen for interfacing the selected recording and/or reproducing apparatus is displayed on the computer. On the main screen, content files, such as moving pictures, still pictures, text information, or sound information stored in the trading card which is inserted into the selected recording and/or reproducing apparatus are displayed. At operation  810 , a content file is selected and at operation  812  the content file is reproduced. At operation  814 , a determination is made whether other content files are to be reproduced. If it is determined that other content files are to be reproduced, the process loops back to operation  810 . Otherwise, the process proceeds to operation  816  where a determination is made whether to quit the application program. According to the selection, the process loops back to operation  804  or the execution of the application program is stopped. 
     FIG. 9  illustrates a process in which subject-related data is recorded and reproduced in the trading card  100 . Subject-related data is recorded in the trading card  100  by an encoding apparatus  800 . The subject-related data recorded in the trading card  100  is reproduced and displayed by either the recording and/or reproducing apparatus  600  or  700  of  FIG. 6  or  FIG. 7  or by a display device  200 . 
     FIG. 10  illustrates an external appearance of the encoding apparatus  800  shown in  FIG. 9 . The encoding apparatus  800  includes a monitor  802 , a slot  804 , a keyboard  806 , and a speaker  808 . The trading card  100  is inserted into the slot  804 . A person who writes information controls information recording into the trading card  100  through the keyboard  806  and the monitor  802 . 
     FIG. 11  illustrates a process in which subject-related data is recorded in a trading card  100 . Subject-related data is downloaded from a web site  1102  to a personal computer  1104 . The subject-related data downloaded in the personal computer  1104  is provided to the encoding apparatus  800 . The encoding apparatus  850  records information in the trading card  100 . Subject-related data recorded in the trading card  100  includes moving picture information, still picture information, sound information, and text information. Sound can be moving picture-accompanying sound, or the voice of the subject or the voice of the user having. Text information is information related to the subject. For example, if the subject of the trading card is a sports star, then statistical information, personal information, etc. of the sports subject may be recorded. 
   Moving picture information stored in the trading card  100  can have a sequence. Specifically, the trading card has a serial number as identification, and the moving pictures stored in trading cards having neighboring serial numbers have a sequence. In this case, the collection value of the trading card can be enhanced. 
     FIG. 12  illustrates an alternative embodiment of the trading card according to the present invention.  FIG. 13  illustrates a process in which the trading cards shown in  FIG. 12  are reproduced. Each of the trading cards  1200  shown in  FIG. 13  further has an identification means  128 . Referring to  FIG. 12 , a housing  122  supports an IC  120 , a pin  120 A, and identification  128 , and the identification  128  may be formed by printing or etching. The identification  128  includes the serial number, and trading cards having neighboring serial numbers store moving pictures in a sequence. 
   Referring to  FIG. 13 , a magazine  1300  can load a plurality of trading cards. When reproducing moving pictures, the recording and/or reproducing apparatus  200  sequentially reproduces moving pictures stored in the trading cards  1200 A through  1200 E loaded in the magazine  1300 . 
   The magazine  1300  removes the burden of exchanging trading cards one by one when trading cards are reproduced continuously. The magazine  1300  process the subject-related data from the loaded trading cards  1200 A through  1200 E, and transmit the subject-related data sequentially to the recording and/or reproducing apparatus  200 . The reproduced signal by the recording and/or reproducing apparatus according to the present invention can be provided to a TV, a computer, a video recorder, a camcorder, and other display units. 
     FIGS. 14A and 14B  illustrate an example of data recorded in a trading card  100 . Referring to  FIG. 14A , the trading card  100  has an introductory picture  1400 , the card subject&#39;s moving pictures  1402 , still pictures  1404 , statistical information  1406 , personal information  1408 , sound information  1410 , user-related information  1412 , and sponsor&#39;s advertisement  1414 . The card subject&#39;s statistical information  1406  and personal information  1408  are text information. The card subject&#39;s sound information is obtained by sampling the voice of the subject. The sound information can separately include voice-synthesizing parameters for recording and/or reproducing the voice of the subject and for implementing the voice of the user into the subject&#39;s voice thereby giving the impression that the user and the subject are involved in a conversation. 
     FIG. 14B  shows data format recorded in the trading cards having continuing identification numbers. If the first trading card has an identification number #1, and the second trading has an identification number #2, the first trading card has the first moving picture  1402  (moving picture #1) and the second trading card has the second moving picture  1402  (moving picture #2), as shown in  FIG. 14B . The moving pictures #1 and #2 are in a time sequence. 
     FIG. 15  illustrates a relation between the recording and/or reproducing apparatus  200  and other devices. A video and/or audio signal output from the output terminal of the recording and/or reproducing apparatus  200  is provided to a computer  1502 , a TV  1504 , a hand-held computer  1506 , a digital camera  1508 , and other display apparatuses through an adaptor  1500 . By using the recording and/or reproducing apparatus  200  and the adaptor  1500 , the subject&#39;s moving pictures and still pictures may be magnified and the pictures may be stored in the data storage unit. 
   The recording and/or reproducing apparatus  200  according to the present invention, allows the user to receive subject-related data, such as images and/or voice messages from the subject, using the user&#39;s sound, and user-related information. For example, if a user inputs his name, for example, John Young, the recording and/or reproducing apparatus  200  can be implemented that the subject greets the user, saying “Hi, John. This is Michael.” This conversation can be implemented by a text, or by a voice synthesizing. Parameters required for voice synthesizing are extracted from the subject&#39;s sound information recorded in the trading card. 
     FIG. 16  is a flowchart showing a communication realizing method, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment to the present invention. At operation  1602 , user-related information is input. The user-related information can be a name, a date of user&#39;s birth, etc. User-related information is recorded in the encoding apparatus  850  installed in a shop for trading cards  100 . At operation  1604 , the contents of a message are built using the user-related information. For example, if the user&#39;s name is John Young, greeting sentences from the subject to the user, saying “Hi, John. This is Michael.” May be created. The sentences are created as follows: a sentence having an empty space for the user&#39;s name is prepared, the user inputs his name, and the input name is written in the empty space. By doing so, a greeting from the subject to the user is prepared. 
   At operation  1606 , the message contents are recorded in the trading card  100 . At operation  1608 , the recording and/or reproducing apparatus  200  checks whether or not the message contents exist for reproducing in the trading card  100 , and if the contents exist, the contents are output on a text screen or as a voice. When the contents are output as a voice, parameters required for synthesizing the voice are extracted from the subject&#39;s voice signal stored in the trading card  100 , and applied to the built conversation contents to synthesize a voice. 
   Though the embodiment of the present invention is described with a sport star as the subject of the trading card, the subject of the trading card can be a musician, friends, pets, and other things. For example, the contents of the trading card according to the present invention can be extended to include cartoon characters or other interesting characters. As described above, the trading card according to the present invention has a semiconductor IC for storing moving pictures and providing more subject-related data than the existing trading cards. 
   While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to the preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be effected therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.