Patent Publication Number: US-2021170126-A1

Title: Catheter mount with suction port

Description:
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE TO ANY PRIORITY APPLICATIONS 
     Any and all applications for which a foreign or domestic priority claim is identified in the Application Data Sheet as filed with the present application are hereby incorporated by reference under 37 CFR 1.57. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Field of the Invention 
     The present invention generally relates to respiratory devices having assemblies for handling liquids and particulate matter. More particularly, the present invention relates to assemblies that facilitate suctioning materials from within the respiratory gas flow conduits. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     There are a number of medical procedures that require placement of a tracheostomy or endotracheal tube into the windpipe of a patient to deliver air directly into the lungs. For example, such patients may be connected to a ventilator to assist with breathing. 
     Over time, condensation, secretions, particulate matter and the like may accumulate within the system. A catheter mount can be positioned between the ventilator and the patient interface. The catheter mount allows access to the patient interface using a suction catheter. Unfortunately, however, catheter mounts are not currently configured to provide easy access to the components between the catheter mount and the ventilators. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, certain features, aspects and advantages of the present invention relate to a catheter mount configured to facilitate easy access for a suction catheter to portions of the system upstream and downstream of the catheter mount. As such, certain features, aspects and advantages of the present invention facilitate suctioning of secretions and condensate from the intermediate tube using standard suction catheters. In some configurations, the catheter mount features a head geometry that is designed to have one or more access points that facilitate insertion of the catheter tube along the endotracheal tube axis and the intermediate tube axis. In some configurations, the head geometry comprises a dual valve feature and in some configurations the head geometry comprises a single valve angled to provide access to both axes. In some configurations, the valve extends in a plane that is at other than about 90 degrees and 180 degrees relative to one or more of the axes. In some configurations, the axes may be at other than about 90 degrees relative to each other and the valve may extend in a plane that is at about 90 degrees relative to one of the axes. In some configurations, two valves are used, the two axes are at about 90 degrees relative to each other and the two valves extend in planes that are at about 90 degrees relative to each other. In some configurations, one valve is in a plane that is about 90 degrees relative to one of the axes but the two axes are adjustable relative to each other. In some configurations, a diverting feature can be movable into an air passage to divert the catheter from a first direction toward a second direction. 
     A catheter mount arranged and configured in accordance with certain features, aspects and advantages of the present invention can be configured to be attached to a respiratory apparatus. The catheter mount can comprise a plurality of ports in fluid communication with each other. The plurality of ports can comprise an interface port configured to connect to an interface tube, a conduit port configured to connect to a conduit tube and at least one suction port configured to allow insertion of a suction catheter. In some configurations, the at least one suction port is positioned to allow the suction catheter, when inserted, access to both the interface port and conduit port. 
     In some configurations, the angle between the interface axis and the conduit axis is less than 90 degrees and the at least one suction port is substantially centered axially with either the interface port or the conduit port. 
     In some configurations, the angle between the interface axis and the conduit axis is approximately 75 degrees. 
     In some configurations, the at least one suction port is at an intermediate angle with respect to the interface port and the conduit port. 
     In some configurations, the intermediate angle is approximately 45 degrees with respect to the interface port and the conduit port. 
     In some configurations, the at least one suction port is larger than either the interface port or the conduit port. 
     In some configurations, the at least one suction port is at least about 1.2 times larger than either the interface port or the conduit port. 
     In some configurations, the catheter mount also comprises a switch with the at least one suction port being substantially centered axially with either the interface port or the conduit port and the switch having a first position configured to not interfere with the trajectory of the suction catheter inserted into the at least one suction port and a second position configured to alter the trajectory of a suction catheter inserted into the at least one suction port. 
     In some configurations, the switch comprises a button located on the exterior of the catheter mount. 
     In some configurations, a first suction port of the at least one suction port is substantially centered axially with the interface port and wherein a second suction port of the at least one suction port is substantially centered axially with the conduit port. 
     In some configurations, at least one of the conduit port or the interface port are attached to a rotatable assembly. 
     In some configurations, the rotatable assembly is a ball-joint assembly. In a further aspect the invention consists in components as herein described with reference to any one or more of the drawings. 
     The term “comprising” as used in this specification and claims means “consisting at least in part of”. When interpreting each statement in this specification and claims that includes the term “comprising”, features other than that or those prefaced by the term may also be present. Related terms such as “comprise” and “comprises” are to be interpreted in the same manner. 
     This invention may also be said broadly to consist in the parts, elements and features referred to or indicated in the specification of the application and/or statements of invention, individually or collectively, and any or all combinations of any two or more said parts, elements features or statements of invention, and where specific integers are mentioned herein which have known equivalents in the art to which this invention relates, such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if individually set forth. 
     The invention consists in the foregoing and also envisages constructions of which the following gives examples only. 
     In this specification where reference has been made to patent specifications, other external documents, or other sources of information, this is generally for the purpose of providing a context for discussing the features of the invention. Unless specifically stated otherwise, reference to such external documents is not to be construed as an admission that such documents, or such sources of information, in any jurisdiction, are prior art, or form part of the common general knowledge in the art. 
     Further aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the ensuing description which is given by way of example only. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1A  is an illustration of a respiratory assistance system that includes an embodiment of a catheter mount that is arranged and configured in accordance with certain features aspects and advantages of the present invention. 
         FIG. 1B  is an illustration of the respiratory system of  FIG. 1A  with a different connection to a patient interface and a closed bag-type suction system. 
         FIG. 1C  is an illustration of part of a system similar to that shown in  FIG. 1B  including a closed bag-type suction system. 
         FIG. 2A  is a perspective view of an embodiment of a catheter mount that is arranged and configured in accordance with certain features, aspects and advantages of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2B  is a section view of the catheter mount of  FIG. 2A . 
         FIG. 2C  is a section view of the catheter mount of  FIG. 2A  showing a schematic suction tube inserted into a first portion of the catheter mount. 
         FIG. 2D  is a section view of the catheter mount of  FIG. 2A  showing a schematic suction tube inserted into a second portion of the catheter mount. 
         FIG. 3A  is a perspective view of an embodiment of a catheter mount that is arranged and configured in accordance with certain features, aspects and advantages of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3B  is a side section view of the catheter mount of  FIG. 3A . 
         FIG. 4A  is a section view of another catheter mount that is arranged and configured in accordance with certain features, aspects and advantages of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4B  is an end view of the catheter mount of  FIG. 4A . 
         FIG. 5A  is perspective view of a valve used with the catheter mount of  FIG. 2A . 
         FIG. 5B  is a sectioned view of the valve of  FIG. 5A . 
         FIG. 6A  is a perspective view of a further catheter mount that is arranged and configured in accordance with certain features, aspects and advantages of the present invention. 
         FIG. 6B  is a section view of the catheter mount of  FIG. 6A . 
         FIG. 6C  is a section view of the catheter mount of  FIG. 6A  showing a schematic suction tube inserted into a first portion of the catheter mount. 
         FIG. 6D  is a section view of the catheter mount of  FIG. 6A  showing a schematic suction tube inserted into a second portion of the catheter mount. 
         FIG. 7A  is a perspective view of a further catheter mount that is arranged and configured in accordance with certain features, aspects and advantages of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7B  is a section view of the catheter mount of  FIG. 7A . 
         FIG. 8A  is a side view of a catheter mount that is arranged and configured in accordance with certain features, aspects and advantages of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8B  is a section view of the catheter mount of  FIG. 8A  showing a schematic suction tube inserted into a first portion of the catheter mount. 
         FIG. 8C  is a section view of the catheter mount of  FIG. 8A  showing a schematic suction tube inserted into a second portion of the catheter mount. 
         FIG. 9  is a section view of a portion of the catheter mount of  FIG. 8A . 
         FIG. 10A  is a perspective view of a catheter mount that is arranged and configured in accordance with certain features, aspects and advantages of the present invention. 
         FIG. 10B  is a section view of the catheter mount of  FIG. 10A . 
         FIG. 10C  is a section view of the catheter mount of  FIG. 10A  showing a schematic suction tube inserted into a first portion of the catheter mount. 
         FIG. 10D  is a section view of the catheter mount of  FIG. 10A  showing a schematic suction tube inserted into a second portion of the catheter mount. 
         FIG. 11A  is a perspective view of a portion of the catheter mount of  FIG. 10A . 
         FIG. 11B  is a section view of the portion of the catheter mount of  FIG. 11A . 
         FIG. 12A  is a perspective view of a portion of the catheter mount of  FIG. 10A . 
         FIG. 12B  is a side view of the portion of the catheter mount of  FIG. 12A . 
         FIG. 12C  is a section view of the portion of the catheter mount of  FIG. 12A . 
         FIG. 13  is a section view of another catheter mount that is arranged and configured in accordance with certain features, aspects and advantages of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       FIG. 1A  shows a simple, closed-loop respiratory assistance system  100   a.  The system  100   a  can include a catheter mount  200 , a mechanical ventilator  110  and an interface  150 . For purposes of this description, all tubing between the mechanical ventilator  110  and the catheter mount  200  will be termed conduit tubing  102  and all tubing between the catheter mount  200  and the interface  150  will be termed interface tubing  106 . The mechanical ventilator  110  can include an inspiratory port  112  that supplies a flow to the interface  150  and an expiratory port  114  that receives a flow from the interface  150 .  FIG. 1B  shows a system  100   b  similar to  FIG. 1A  with a different connection to the patient and a different suction system  159  (i.e., a closed bag-type suction system) relative to  FIG. 1A  that connects to catheter suction port  250 .  FIG. 1C  shows part of a system similar to  FIG. 1B  with a closed bag-type suction system  159 , including a suction catheter  160  provided in a flexible sheath  161 , attached to the catheter mount  200 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 1A and 1B , the mechanical ventilator  110  assists a user by cycling through periods of relatively high positive pressure (i.e., pressures above ambient pressure) during inhalation and periods of relatively low pressure during exhalation. The inspiratory port  112  can be connected to the inspiratory tube  122  of a breathing circuit assembly  120  and the expiratory port  114  can be connected to the expiratory tube  124  of the breathing circuit assembly  120 . The inspiratory tube  122  and the expiratory tube  124  may be cylindrical in shape and therefore have a generally circular cross-section; however, other tube cross-sectional shapes, such as ellipses, ovals, or polygons may be also be used, for example but without limitation. The tubes  122 ,  124  can be manufactured from any type of material, such as, but not limited to, plastics, metals, composites, or other polymers. Additionally, in some embodiments, the tubes  122 ,  124  may be corrugated, as shown in  FIGS. 1A and 1B , to further improve the flexibility of the tubes. In other embodiments, at least a portion of at least the inner bores of the tubes can be smooth to inhibit the collection of condensates, secretions, and other materials in the tubes. 
     At the opposite end of the breathing circuit assembly  120  is a connector  126 , such as a ‘Y’ or ‘T’ connector. The connector  126  can merge the inspiratory tube  122  and the expiratory tube  124  with a single collector port  127 . The collector port  127  enables the use of a single tube downstream of the connector  126 . The single tube can connect the connector  126  to the interface  150 . Thus, both inhalation gases and exhalation gases may pass through the single tube during a patient&#39;s breathing cycle. The connector  126  may be made of the same materials as those used for the inspiratory and expiratory tubes  122 ,  124  or may be made of different materials. As shown, unlike the inspiratory and expiratory tubes  122 ,  124 , the connector  126  may be formed without corrugation such that the connector  126  exhibits a greater degree of rigidity and resistance to flexing. In other embodiments, one or more portion of the connector  126  may include corrugations. 
     With continued reference to the embodiment of the system  100   a  shown in  FIG. 1A , a catheter mount  200  couples the conduit tube  130  with an interface tube  140 . The illustrated catheter mount  200  includes a mount body  210 , a conduit tube reverse connector  280 , an interface tube reverse connector  330 , and a valve  380  that is configured to allow insertion of a suction catheter  160  for removal of any condensates, particulates or other matter located in either the conduit or the interface tubes  130 ,  140 , for example but without limitation. In some configurations, as shown in  FIG. 1B , the catheter  160  can be part of a closed bag-type suction system where the catheter  160  is surrounded by and moveable within a bag or other enclosure that is permanently or semi-permanently coupled to the catheter mount proximate the valve  380 , as shown in  FIG. 1C . The arrangement shown in  FIG. 1C  may be connected to an interface  150  and a breathing circuit assembly  120  in a similar manner to that shown in  FIGS. 1A and 1B . 
     The conduit tube  130 , such as an intermediate tube as shown in  FIG. 1A , may couple the breathing circuit assembly  120  and the catheter mount  200 . The conduit tube  130  can be attached to the connector  126  at the collector exit port  127  via a collector connector  132  and can be connected to the catheter mount  200  at the reverse conduit tube connector  280  using the mount connector  134 . In the embodiment of system  100  illustrated in  FIG. 1A , the two connectors  134 ,  280  are directly attached to each other with an interference fit, a press fit, or a friction fit due to the elasticity of the materials used for the two components  134 ,  280 . However, other types of coupling mechanisms, such as a snap fit, a bayonet socket, threads, screws, tightening collars, retention collars, or other similar mechanisms may be used to secure the two components  134 ,  280  to each other. In some embodiments, the construction of the conduit tube  130  is similar to that of the construction of the inspiratory and/or expiratory tubes  122 ,  124 . However, in other embodiments, the construction may differ depending on operational requirements or desired operating characteristics of the conduit tube  130 , such as an intermediate tube as shown in  FIG. 1A . For example, the conduit tube  130  may be made of a smooth, rather than corrugated, material to inhibit the collection of condensates, secretions, and other materials in the conduit tube  130 . 
     The interface tube  140  couples the interface mechanism  150 , such as the endotracheal tube as illustrated in  FIG. 1A , with the catheter mount  200 . As shown in  FIG. 1B , in some configurations, the catheter mount  200  can directly connect to the interface mechanism  150 , such as the endotracheal tube as illustrated in  FIG. 1B , without the interface tube  140  shown in  FIG. 1A . As with the intermediate tube  130 , the interface tube  140  is attached to the catheter mount  200  at the reverse interface tube connector  330  via the mount connector  144  and attached to the interface  150  at interface inlet  152  via an interface connector  142 . Similar to the conduit tube  130 , in the embodiment of system  100   a  illustrated in  FIG. 1A , the two connectors  144 ,  330  can be directly attached to each other with an interference fit, a press fit, or a friction fit due to the elasticity of the materials used for the two components  144 ,  330 . However, other types of coupling mechanisms, such as a snap fit, a bayonet socket, threads, screws, tightening collars, retention collars, or other similar mechanisms may also be used. In some embodiments, the construction of the interface tube  140  is similar to that of the construction of the inspiratory and/or expiratory tubes  122 ,  124  or the conduit tube  130 . However, in other embodiments, the construction may differ depending on operational requirements or desired operating characteristics of the interface tube  130 . For example, the interface tube  140  may be made of a smooth, rather than corrugated, material to inhibit the collection of condensates, secretions, and other materials in the interface tube  140 . 
     The catheter mount  200  need not be limited to uses with the closed-loop respiratory assistance system  100   a  as shown in  FIG. 1A . In addition, the placement of the catheter mount  200  need not be limited to coupling the interface tube  140  with the conduit tube  130 . Rather, the catheter mount  200  can be used in any type of system that couples two tubes and/or a tube to an interface. Furthermore, for breathing circuits, other devices may also be included and placed anywhere in the system such as, but not limited to, humidifiers, vaporizers, filters, valves, CO2 sensors and the like. In addition, some system components shown in  FIGS. 1A-1C  or described above may be omitted in alternative embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, the mechanical ventilator  110  may be omitted or replaced with another component. In addition, other interfaces  150 , such as nasal cannulas, vented or nonvented face masks, and tracheostomy tubes can be used, for example but without limitation. 
     Angled Catheter Mount 
       FIGS. 2-5  are illustrations of an embodiment of an angled catheter mount  200   a.  The angled catheter mount  200   a  comprises a conduit port  250   a  and an interface port  300   a  that are oriented at such an angle as to allow a suction catheter  160  access to both connectors and the corresponding tubes attached thereto. As illustrated in  FIGS. 2A-2D , this embodiment of the angled catheter mount  200   a  also has a suction port  350   a  positioned generally opposite the interface port  300   a.  In other embodiments, the suction port  350   a  can be oriented opposite the conduit port  250   a.  The angled catheter mount  200   a  has a mount body  210   a  configured to allow fluid communication between the conduit port  250   a  and the interface port  300   a  through an interior flow channel  212   a  (see  FIGS. 2B-2D ). The suction port  350   a  allows selective access to the interior flow channel  212   a.    
     The conduit port  250   a  can be configured to receive a conduit tube  130  from a respiratory assistance system as described above. In some embodiments, the conduit tube  130  is an intermediate tube that serves as an intermediary connector between the angled catheter mount  200   a  and the remaining conduit tubing  102 . In some embodiments, the conduit port  250   a  of the angled catheter mount  200   a  can receive a conduit tube reverse connector  280   a  configured to receive a conduit tube  130 , such as an intermediate tube, from the system  100   a,    100   b.  The reverse connector  280   a  can be attached to the angled catheter mount  200   a  to facilitate connecting the angled catheter mount  200   a  with a conduit tube  130  and to potentially create a more advantageous seal between the attached conduit tubing  102  and the catheter mount  200   a.  As will be discussed in greater detail below, the conduit tube reverse connector  280   a  may be made of a material different from that of the mount body  210   a,  which could provide greater elasticity and therefore form a better seal around both the mount body  210   a  and the conduit tube  130 . 
     In alternative embodiments, the conduit tube  130  is attached directly to the mount body  210   a.  In one such embodiment, the conduit tube  130  is attached to the mount body  210   a  via an interference fit, a press fit, or a friction fit, for example, caused by the elasticity of the materials used for either or both of the two components  130 ,  210   a.  However, other types of coupling mechanisms, such as a snap fit, a bayonet socket, threads, screws, tightening collars, retention collars, or other similar mechanisms could also be used for attachment. In some embodiments, the conduit tube  130  may have a female mount connector  134 , which is illustrated in  FIG. 1A . In some embodiments, the conduit tube  130  may have a male mount connector that can be inserted into the channel  260   a  (see  FIG. 3B ). 
     The interface port  300   a  can be configured to receive an interface tube  140  from the respiratory assistance system  100   a,    100   b,  for example. In some embodiments, the interface tube  140  can be attached to an interface  150 , such as an endotracheal tube. In some embodiments, the interface tube  140  may be attached to nasal cannulas, vented or nonvented face masks, tracheostomy tubes and the like. As with the conduit port  250   a,  in some embodiments, an interface tube reverse connector  330   a  can be attached at the interface port  300   a  of the angled catheter mount  200   a,  which is configured to receive an interface tube  140  of the system  100   a,    100   b,  for example. The reverse interface connector  330   a  can facilitate connecting the angled catheter mount  200   a  to an interface tube  140  and may also create a better seal between the catheter mount  200   a  and the interface tube  140 . The interface tube reverse connector  330   a  can be similar in construction to the conduit tube reverse connector  280   a.  In some embodiments, the interface tube reverse connector  330   a  is of the same dimensions and materials as the conduit tube reverse connector  280   a.  In other embodiments, the interface tube reverse connector  330   a  has different dimensions and/or materials. 
     In some embodiments, the optional interface tube reverse connector  330   a  is not used and the interface tube  140  is directly attached to the catheter mount body  210   a.  In one such embodiment, the interface tube  140  can be attached to the mount body  210   a  via an interference fit, a press fit, or a friction fit caused by the elasticity of the materials used for either or both of the two components  140 ,  210   a.  However, other types of coupling mechanisms, such as a snap fit, a bayonet socket, threads, screws, tightening collars, retention collar, or other similar mechanisms known in the art also could be used. In some embodiments, the interface tube  140  may have a female mount connector  144 , such as that illustrated in  FIG. 1A . In some embodiments, the interface tube  140  may have a male mount connector that can be inserted into the channel  310   a  (see  FIG. 3B ). While it is preferable that the coupling mechanism for both the conduit port  250   a  and the interface port  300   a  be the same, some embodiments can include ports  250   a,    300   a  that have different coupling mechanisms. 
     The suction port  350   a  can be configured to selectively receive a suction catheter  160 . The catheter  160  can be used, when necessary or desired, to suction condensate, secretions, and other matter from within the passages defined by one or more of the mount body  210   a , the conduit port  250   a  and any attached tubing thereto such as the conduit tube  130 , and the interface port  300   a  and any attached tubing thereto such as the interface tube  140 . Removal of condensate, secretions, and other such matter from the tubes of the respiratory assistance system can be desired for many reasons. The suction section can include a valve  380   a  that generally seals the angled catheter mount  210   a  and reduces the likelihood of fluid flowing into or out of the suction port  350   a  when a suction catheter  160  is not being used. The valve  380   a  will be discussed in greater detail below. 
     Angled Catheter Mount 
       FIGS. 3A and 3B  are illustrations of the angled catheter mount  200   a  of  FIGS. 2A-2D  showing the mount body  210   a  without the conduit tube reverse connector  280   a,  the interface tube reverse connector  330   a,  and the valve  380   a.  The connectors can be swivel-type connectors that engage about, or that receive, the catheter mount ports. Traditionally, the catheter mount receives the connectors. By having the connectors receive the ports, it is easier to connect and disconnect tubing and the interface from the catheter mount. 
     As shown most clearly in  FIG. 3B , the mount body  210   a  can be hollow and can be configured to allow fluid communication between the conduit port  250   a  and the interface port  300   a.  The suction port  350   a  can allow selective access to the flow channel  212   a.  The flow channel  212   a  generally can be defined by the channel  260   a  of the conduit port  250   a  and the channel  310   a  of the interface port  300   a.    
     With continued reference to  FIG. 3B , the conduit port  250   a  of the mount body  210   a  can include a generally cylindrical tubular member  252   a  that is rotated about the conduit axis  202   a.  The channel  260   a  can be centered along the conduit axis  202   a  and can extend along the length of the tubular member  252   a.  The channel  260   a  of the conduit port  250   a  can define the inner surface  262   a  of the tubular member  252   a.  The channel  260   a  can have a circular cross-sectional shape that generally tapers with a decreasing radial dimension about the conduit axis  202   a  when moving from the end  254   a  of the tubular member  252   a  toward the suction port  350   a.  The tapering enables tubes inserted into the channel  260   a  to be subject to a decreased radial dimension with further insertion. Such a decrease in radial dimension can provide a better seal. 
     In some embodiments, this radial dimension of the channel  260   a  remains constant throughout the length of the channel  260   a.  In some embodiments, this radial dimension of the passage  260   a  increases when moving from the end  254   a  to the suction port  350   a.  The radial dimension of the channel  260   a  and the degree of tapering, if any, of the channel  260   a  can be dependent upon the desired flow characteristics through the flow channel  212   a  of the mount body  210   a  as well as considerations regarding sealing for tubes inserted into the channel  260   a.  Furthermore, other embodiments of the mount body  210   a  have channels  260   a  of different cross-sectional shapes such as, but not limited to, ovals, ellipses, or polygons. In yet other embodiments, the channel  260   a  is offset from the conduit axis  202   a.    
     In some embodiments, the inner surface  262   a  of the tubular member  252   a  can be relatively smooth with no protrusions or other abrupt changes in diameter. A presence of protrusions or other abrupt changes in diameter can potentially accelerate the accumulation of condensates, secretions, and other matters by obstructing flow and by providing a surface upon which such condensate, secretions, and other matter can collect. In some embodiments, such protrusions along the inner surface  262   a  may exist for other beneficial purposes such as, but not limited to, coupling mechanisms for either the conduit tube reverse connector  280   a  or the conduit tube  130 . For example, in embodiments where the conduit tube  130  is directly attached to the tubular member  252   a  of the mount body  210   a,  the mount end of the conduit tube  130  may be a male connector that is inserted into the channel  260   a.  Under such circumstances, it could potentially be beneficial to include an annular protrusion on the inner surface  262   a  to provide a better seal and to reduce the likelihood of the accumulation of condensate, secretions, and material on the tip of the conduit tube  130 . Such an annular protrusion can also be used with the conduit tube reverse connector  280   a,  which has an inner tubular member  424  that is inserted into the channel  260   a.    
     In contrast, in some embodiments of the angled catheter mount  200   a,  the outer surface of the tubular member  252   a  can have multiple protrusions that are configured to attach to the conduit tube reverse connector  280   a  or that are configured to attach to the mount connector  134  of the conduit tube  130 . Moving from the end  254   a  of the tubular member  252   a  to the suction port  350   a,  the outer surface  264   a  of this embodiment has an annular slot  266   a,  an intermediate annular protrusion  270   a,  an annular locking protrusion  274   a,  and an annular depression  278   a.  The annular slot  266   a  has a first radial dimension about the conduit axis  202   a.  The intermediate annular protrusion  270   a  has a second radial dimension about the conduit axis  202   a.  The annular locking protrusion  274   a  a third radial dimension about the conduit axis  202   a.  Lastly, the annular depression  278   a  has a fourth radial dimension about the conduit axis  202   a.    
     In the embodiment as illustrated in  FIG. 3B , the first radial dimension is less than the second and third radial dimensions. The fourth radial dimension is less than the third radial dimension and approximately equal to the second radial dimension. Preferably, the fourth radial dimension is chosen such that locking ramps  452  of the interlock section  450  ( FIGS. 4A-4C ) contained on the conduit tube reverse connector  280   a  are able to sufficiently latch onto the annular locking protrusion  274   a  when the reverse connector  280   a  is attached to the tubular member  252   a.    
     In other embodiments, when directly attached to the conduit tube  130 , the first radial dimension corresponds to an inner radial dimension of a mount connector  134  of the conduit tube  130 . In such configurations, the first radial dimension may be chosen to be equal to, or slightly greater than, the inner radial dimension of the mount connector  134  in order to provide an efficacious seal. In such configurations, because the first radial dimension is smaller than the second radial dimension, a directly connected conduit tube can abut the edge  268   a  formed at the intersection of both sections  266   a,    270   a.    
     In some embodiments, the changes in radial dimension about the conduit axis  202   a  along the outer surface  264   a  of the tubular member  252   a  are not as defined and abrupt. Rather, the radial dimension may remain constant throughout the length of the tubular member  252   a  or may gradually increase when moving along the length of the tubular member  252   a  from the end  254   a  toward the suction port  350   a.  In such an embodiment, a more efficacious seal can be formed, for example, by a friction fit, an interference fit, or a press fit. In some embodiments, other types of coupling mechanisms, such as a snap fit, a bayonet socket, threads, screws, tightening collars, retention collars, or other suitable mechanisms can also be used. 
     With continued reference to  FIG. 3B , the interface port  300   a  of the mount body  210   a  can be similar in construction to the conduit port  250   a.  The interface port  300   a  can include a generally cylindrical tubular member  302   a  that is rotated about the interface axis  204   a.  A channel  310   a,  which can be centered along the interface axis  202   a,  can extend along the length of the tubular member  302   a.  The channel  310   a  of the interface port  300   a  can define the inner surface  312   a  of the tubular member  302   a.  In some embodiments, the channel  310   a  has a generally circular cross-sectional shape that tapers when moving from the end  304   a  of the tubular member  302   a  toward the suction port  350   a.  This tapering enables tubes inserted into the channel  310   a  to be subject to a decreasing radial dimension as the tubes are inserted. Such a decrease in radial dimension can provide a more efficacious seal. 
     In some embodiments, the radial dimension of the channel  310   a  remains generally constant throughout the length of the channel  310   a.  In yet other embodiments, the radial dimension of the channel  310   a  increases when moving from the end  304   a  of the tubular member  302   a  toward the suction port  350   a.  The radial dimension of the channel  310   a  and the degree of tapering, if any, of the channel  310   a  can be dependent upon the desired flow characteristics through the flow channel  212   a  of the mount body  210   a  as well as considerations regarding sealing for tubes inserted into the channel  310   a.  Furthermore, other embodiments of the mount body  210   a  have channels  310   a  of different cross-sectional shapes such as, but not limited to, ovals, ellipses, or polygons. In some embodiments, the channel  310   a  is offset from the interface axis  204   a.    
     As with the conduit port  250   a,  in some embodiments, the inner surface  312   a  of the tubular member  302   a  can be relatively smooth with no protrusions or other abrupt changes in diameter. Presence of protrusions or other abrupt changes in diameter could potentially accelerate the accumulation of condensate, secretions, and other matter by obstructing flow and providing a surface upon which such condensate, secretions, and other matter can collect. In some embodiments, such protrusions along the inner surface  312   a  may exist for other beneficial purposes such as, but not limited to, coupling mechanisms for either the interface tube reverse connector  330   a  or the interface tube  140 . For example, in embodiments where the interface tube  140  is directly attached to the tubular member  302   a  of the mount body  210   a,  the mount end of the conduit tube  140  may be a male connector that is inserted into the channel  310   a.  Under such circumstances, it could potentially be beneficial to include an annular protrusion on the inner surface  312   a  to provide a more advantageous seal and to prevent accumulation of condensates, secretions, and materials on the tip of the interface tube  140 . Such an annular protrusion can also be used with the interface tube reverse connector  330   a,  which has an inner tubular member  424  that is inserted into the channel  310   a.    
     In some embodiments of the angled catheter mount  200   a,  the outer surface  314   a  of the tubular member  302   a  can have multiple protrusions that are configured to attach to the conduit tube reverse connector  330   a  or the mount end  144  of the interface tube  140 . Moving from the end  304   a  of the tubular member  302   a  toward the intersection area  214   a,  the outer surface  314   a  can have an annular slot  316   a,  an intermediate annular protrusion  320   a,  an annular locking protrusion  324   a,  and an annular depression  328   a.  Annular slot  316   a , intermediate annular protrusion  320   a,  annular locking protrusion  324   a,  and annular depression  328   a  can have radial dimensions about the interface axis  204   a.  These radial dimensions can be similar to those of the conduit port  250   a;  however, the radial dimensions may differ depending on the connectors used. In some embodiments, the radial dimensions of the two ports can be equivalent to ensure the interchangeability of the two reverse connectors  280   a,    330   a.  In some embodiments, the radial dimensions are different due to differences in the designs of the reverse connectors  280   a,    330   a.  Furthermore, in some embodiments, the tubular members  252   a,    302   a  may have cross-sectional shapes that differ from circles. Other non-limiting examples of other cross-sectional shapes can include ovals, ellipses, and polygons such as squares, pentagons, and hexagons. 
     Reverse Connectors 
       FIGS. 4A through 4B  are illustrations of a reverse connector that can be used with the catheter mounts described herein. For purposes of illustration, the description below will be in reference to the conduit tube reverse connector  280   a  shown in combination with the angled catheter mount  200   a  in  FIG. 2A , which may be reversibly attached to the tubular member  252   a  (see  FIG. 3B ) of the conduit port  250   a.  The design of the interface tube reverse connector  330   a  can be similar to that of the conduit tube reverse connector  280   a.  As such, the description contained herein is also applicable to the interface tube reverse connector  330   a  and the reverse connectors of other embodiments, although the shapes and dimensions would correspond to the interface port  300   a  rather than the conduit port  250   a.  In addition, the design of the conduit and interface tube reverse connectors for other embodiments of the catheter mount, such as, but not limited to, the dual-valve catheter mount  200   b,  the switch catheter mount  200   c,  and the wide-range valve catheter mount  200   d,  are also similar to that of the conduit tube reverse connector  280   a.  As such, the description contained herein, is also applicable to the design of the conduit and interface tube connectors for such other embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, the conduit tube reverse connector  280   a  is manufactured from the same materials as that of the mount body  210   a.  In some embodiments, the conduit tube reverse connector  280   a  is manufactured from materials that allow for the formation of a more advantageous seal, such as more elastic materials, when adjacent to another surface. Embodiments may be manufactured from materials, such as, but not limited to, plastics such as polyvinyl chloride, metals such as brass, stainless steel, and titanium, rubbers, or other polymers or composites. 
     The reverse connector  280   a  has both a mount connector  402  configured to be reversibly attached to the mount body  210   a  and a tube connector  404  configured to be reversibly attached to the conduit tube  130 , such as an intermediate tube. These connectors  402 ,  404  meet at intersection  406 . The reverse connector  280   a  is configured to allow fluid communication between both the mount connector  402  and the tube connector  404  via a flow channel  410  comprised of the channel  426  of the mount connector  402  and the channel  480  of the tube connector  404 . The shape of the mount connector  402  generally corresponds to the outer surface  264   a  of the tubular member  252   a.  As such, when moving along the length of the mount connector  402  from the intersection  406  to the end  458  of the mount connector  402 , the mount connector  402  has a slot receiving section  420 , an intermediate seat section  430 , a neck section  440 , and an interlock section  450 . In the illustrated embodiment, the components of the reverse connector  280   a  are generally cylindrical and formed about a central longitudinal axis  412 . However, in other embodiments, the reverse connector could take on other shapes based on the shape of the tubular member  252   a  and the shape of the mount connector  134 . 
     At the slot receiving section  420 , the mount connector  402  is comprised of an outer tubular member  422 , an inner tubular member  424 , and an annular seat  428 . In this configuration, an annular space  429  is defined between the inner surface  423  of the outer tubular member  422 , the outer surface  425  of the inner tubular member  424 , and the seat  428 . The annular space  429  can be sized to receive the annular slot  266   a  and, in some embodiments, provides a generally hermetic seal to reduce the likelihood of entry of outside air into the mount body  210   a.  As such, the annular space  429  can have the same dimensions of the annular slot  266   a  or, in other embodiments, can be smaller. The dimensions can be based upon the type of material being used, the amount of sealing desired, and the amount of force desired to insert and remove the mount connector  402  from the tubular member  252   a . In some embodiments, upon insertion of the annular slot  266   a  into the annular space  429 , the end  254   a  of the tubular member  252   a  can be pressed against the annular seat  428  to provide a more efficacious seal. In some embodiments, the inner tubular member  424  can be tapered at its end to facilitate insertion into the channel  260   a  of the conduit port  250   a.    
     The intermediate seat section  430  generally can correspond to the dimensions of the intermediate annular protrusion  270   a  of the tubular member  252   a.  In some embodiments, the radial dimension of the inner surface  432  about the longitudinal axis  412  is equal to, or slightly less than, the radial dimension of the intermediate annular protrusion  270   a  about the conduit axis  202   a.  As such, when the conduit tube reverse connector  280   a  is attached to the mount body  210   a,  the intermediate annular protrusion  270   a  of the tubular member  252   a  and the inner surface  432  of the reverse connector  280   a  may provide an additional seal. In some embodiments, the radial dimension of the inner surface  432  may be slightly greater than the radial dimension. For example, this may be the case when the seal provided at the connection between the annular slot  266   a  and the slot receiving section  420  is deemed sufficient. Under such circumstances, the radial dimension of the inner surface  432  of the intermediate seat section  430  may provide little interference and thus allow a user of the mount to more easily connect the conduit tube reverse connector  280   a  to the tubular member  252   a.  In some embodiments, when the conduit tube reverse connector  280   a  is attached to the mount body  210   a,  the edge  434  formed at the intersection of the intermediate seat section  430  and the slot receiving section  420  abuts the edge  268   a  on the tubular member  252   a.    
     The neck section  440  generally corresponds with the dimensions of the annular locking protrusion  274   a  of the tubular member  252   a.  In some embodiments, the radial dimension of the inner surface  442  about the longitudinal axis  412  is generally equal to, or slightly greater than, the radial dimension of the annular locking protrusion  274   a  about the conduit axis  202   a.  The neck section  440  can be configured to deform more freely compared to other sections of the mount connector  402 , particularly when the reverse connector  280   a  is in the process of being attached to the tubular member  252   a  of the mount body  210   a.  As will be discussed in greater detail with respect to the interlock section  450 , deformation of the mount connector  402  can occur as the interlock ramps  452  encounter and slide across the annular locking protrusion  274   a.  As such, this deformation can be facilitated by having the neck section  440 , which is adjacent to the interlock section  450 , have greater flexibility. 
     In some embodiments, the radial thickness of the neck section  440   a  about the longitudinal axis  412  is less than the radial thickness of the other sections of the mount connector  402 . The reduced thickness, particularly when an elastic material is used for the reverse connector  280   a,  increases the flexibility of the section  440 . In some embodiments, a plurality of spaced apertures  444  can be included along the circumference of the neck section  440 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 4A , four equally spaced apertures  444  can be formed with a generally rectangular shape. In some embodiments, more apertures may be used that have a smaller cross-sectional area. In some embodiments, fewer apertures may be used that have a larger cross-sectional area. Any shape, such as ellipses, ovals, or other polygons, may be used for the apertures and any number of such apertures may be placed along the circumference of the neck section  440  taking into consideration the desired structural integrity of the reverse connector  280   a  and the amount of flexibility sought in the neck section  440 . In some cases, no such apertures  444  are used because the reduced thickness of the neck section  440  may be sufficient to provide the required flexibility. In some embodiments, more apertures may be used because the neck section  240  does not have a reduced thickness. 
     The interlock section  450  generally corresponds with the dimensions of the annular depression  278   a  of the tubular member  252   a.  The interlock section  450  can be configured to lock the reverse connector  280   a  with the tubular member  252   a  via the annular locking protrusion  274   a.  As such, in some embodiments, the interlock section  450  can include a plurality of interlock ramps  452  that are configured to contact and slide across the outer surface of the locking protrusion  254  and that can serve as the connection mechanism. In some embodiments, the interlock ramps  452  can have a generally triangular cross-section along a plane that extends parallel to and that runs through the longitudinal axis  412 . The interlock ramps  452  can taper from the trailing edge  453  to the leading edge  454 . As such, the radial dimension of the leading edge  454  of the interlock ramps  452  about the longitudinal axis  412  can be substantially equivalent to the radial dimension of the inner surface of the interlock section  450  about this axis  412 . In some embodiments, the radial dimension of the trailing edge  453  about the longitudinal axis  412  can be substantially less than that of the leading edge  452  forming locking edges  457 . 
     During operation, when the reverse connector  280   a  is attached, the leading edges  452  of the interlock ramps  452  can contact the annular locking protrusion  274   a.  As the tubular member  252   a  is inserted further into the mount connector  402  of the reverse connector  280   a , the mount connector  402  deforms in response to the increased force caused by contact between the outer surface the annular locking protrusion  274   a  and the contact surface  456  of the interlocking ramps  452  caused by the decrease in radial dimension towards the trailing edge  453 . Upon being fully inserted, the mount connector  402  returns substantially to its original shape and the locking edge  457  abuts the corresponding locking edge  276   a  of the tubular member  252   a.    
     In some embodiments, there are four interlocking ramps  452 . In some embodiments, there may be a greater number of such ramps or a lesser number of ramps  452  as desired. In some embodiments, in lieu of the locking ramps  452 , other cross-sectional shapes such as spherical domes or raised ridges can be used to secure the reverse connector  280   a  to the tubular member  252   a.  In some embodiments, the structure may use threads, bayonet collars, or slot connectors for connection onto the mount body  210   a.    
     With continued reference to  FIG. 4A , the tube connector  404  has a generally cylindrical tubular member  482  formed around the longitudinal axis  412  with the channel  480  running therethrough. In the illustrated embodiment, the channel  480  defines the inner surface  486 , which tapers moving from the end  488  of the tube connector to the intersection  406 . In some embodiments, the inner surface  486  can have a generally constant radial dimension about the longitudinal axis  412  throughout the length of the tubular member  482 . In some embodiments, the radial dimension about the longitudinal axis  412  can increase when moving from the end  488  toward the intersection  406 . In some embodiments, the outer surface  482  can be of relatively constant radial dimension and can be configured to receive a mount connector  134  from the conduit tube  130 . Some embodiments of the reverse connector  280   a  can have outer surfaces  482  that increase in radial dimension whereas some embodiments may decrease in radial dimension. In some embodiments, a generally hermetic seal can be formed, for example, by a friction fit, interference fit, or press fit. In some embodiments, other types of coupling mechanisms, such as a snap fit, a bayonet socket, threads, screws, tightening collars, retention collars, or other similar mechanisms can be used. 
     Suction Port of Angled Catheter Mount 
     Referring back to  FIG. 3B , the suction port  350   a  of the angled catheter mount  200   a  can comprise an opening  360   a  on the outer surface  370   a  of the suction port  350   a.  The opening  360   a  can be configured to allow insertion of a suction catheter  160  into the mount body  210   a  and into the flow channel  212   a.  In some embodiments, the opening  360   a  is circular. In some embodiments, the opening  360   a  may be of different shapes such as ovals, ellipses, and polygons. Circumscribing the opening  360   a  is engagement lip  362   a  that is configured to be received within an annular locking slot  520  of the valve  380   a.    
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 2C and 2D , a desired placement of the single opening  360   a  allows the suction catheter  160  to access both, as illustrated in  FIG. 2C , the interior of the conduit port  250   a  and possibly any attached tubing and, as illustrated in  FIG. 3D , the interior of the interface port  300   a  and possibly any attached tubing. Therefore, placement of the opening  360   a  advantageously allows direct access to both tubes without having to remove the catheter mount  200   a  from the system. Such a configuration reduces the amount of time necessary in maintaining the interior surfaces of a respiratory assistance system, such as those or the part thereof shown in  FIGS. 1A-1C , since the catheter mount  200   a  need not be removed from the system for routine removal of condensate or the like. 
     In some embodiments, the opening  360   a  is opposite the interface port  300   a  and is centered on the interface axis  204   a.  In some embodiments, the opening  360   a  is parallel to a plane that is generally perpendicular to the interface axis  204   a.  As such, in the illustrated embodiment, the opening angle O a  is equal to about 90°. In some embodiments, the opening angle O a  can range from about 70° to about 160°. In some embodiments, the opening angle O a  can range from about 75° to about 130°. In some embodiments, the opening angle O a  can range from about 80° to about 100°. The opening angle O a  may vary based on other design features, such as, but not limited to, the intersection angle I a , the offset distance D a  from the conduit axis  202   a,  and the offset distance Ha from the interface axis  204   a,  and the like as described in more detail below. 
     Additionally, in some embodiments, there can be an offset distance D a , defined as the distance between the conduit axis  202   a  and an axis parallel to the conduit axis  202   a  running through the center of opening  360   a.  This offset distance D a  can allow a conduit tube  160  sufficient space to access the conduit port  250   a.  In some embodiments, the offset distance D a  varies from about 0.1 cm to about 6.0 cm. In some embodiments, the offset distance D a  can vary from about 0.5 cm to about 3.0 cm. In some embodiments, the offset distance D a  can vary from about 0.5 cm to about 1 cm. In some embodiments, the offset distance can be equal to about 0.7 cm. The offset distance D a  can vary based on other design features, such as, but not limited to, the opening angle O a , the intersection angle I a , and the offset distance H a  from the interface axis  204   a,  and the intended application. The offset distance D a  may be about 0.7 cm for an adult catheter mount and about 0.36 cm for an infant catheter mount, for example. 
     In some embodiments, there is an offset distance Ha, defined as the distance between the interface axis  204   a  and an axis parallel to the interface axis  204   a  tangential to the uppermost part of the opening  360   a.  This offset distance H a  can allow a conduit tube  160  sufficient space to access the conduit port  250   a.  In some embodiments, the offset distance H a  varies from about 0.2 cm to about 1.0 cm. In some embodiments, the offset distance H a  can vary from about 0.4 cm to about 0.8 cm. In some embodiments, the offset distance H a  can vary from about 0.5 cm to about 0.7 cm. In some embodiments, the offset distance can be equal to about 0.58 cm. The offset distance H a  can vary based on other design features, such as, but not limited to, the opening angle O a , the intersection angle I a , and the offset distance D a  from the conduit axis  202   a,  and the intended application. The offset distance H a  may be 0.58 cm for an adult catheter mount and about 0.35 cm for an infant catheter mount, for example. 
     The intersection of the conduit axis  202   a  and the interface axis  204   a  form an intersection angle I a  which in a preferred embodiment, is an acute angle. In some embodiments of the angled catheter mount  200 , the intersection angle I a  ranges from about 35° to about 90°. In some embodiments, the intersection angle I a  ranges from about 50° to about 85°. In some embodiments, the intersection angle I a  ranges from about 65° to about 80°. In some embodiments, the intersection angle I a  is about 75°. The offset distance H a  can vary based on other design features, such as, but not limited to, the opening angle O a , the offset distance D a  from the conduit axis  202   a,  and the offset distance H a  from the interface axis  204   a.    
     As a non-limiting example, in other embodiments, the opening  360   a  may be raised vertically along the outer surface  370   a,  thereby increasing the offset distance H a  as the opening angle O a  is increased or decreased from 90°. In some embodiments, the offset distance H a  and/or D a  can be reduced as the intersection angle I a  is decreased. Furthermore, the opening  360   a  is not limited to placement opposite the interface section  300   a.  In some embodiments, the opening  360   a  may be placed opposite the conduit section  204  with the same general placement principals being applicable. 
     Valve for Suction Port 
     In order to provide a generally hermetic seal when a suction catheter  160  is not being used, a valve  380   a  can be provided and received within the opening  360   a  of the suction port  350   a.    FIGS. 5A-5B  are illustrations of an embodiment of the valve  380   a  which can be placed in the opening  360   a.  The design of the valves for other embodiments of the catheter mount, such as, but not limited to, the dual-valve catheter mount  200   b  and the switch catheter mount  200   c,  are similar to that of the valve  380   a.  As such, the description contained herein, can be applicable to the design of the valves for such other embodiments. 
     The valve  380   a  can be manufactured from any suitable materials. In some embodiments, the valve  380   a  can be manufactured from materials with sufficient elasticity such that the valve  330   a  can deform and conform to the shape of the opening  360   a  to provide a more effective seal. 
     Referring to  FIG. 5B , the valve  380   a  has an insertion member  500 , an annular locking slot  520 , an end cap  540 , and inner channel  580 . In the illustrated embodiment, the valve  380   a  has a generally circular shape rotated about a central longitudinal axis  560 . The insertion member  500  is configured to be received within the mount body  210   a  when fully assembled. In some embodiments, the radial dimension of the outer surface  502  at the trailing end  504  of the insertion portion  500  about the longitudinal axis  560  is greater than the radial dimension of the opening  360   a.  In order to facilitate insertion of the insertion portion  500  into the opening  360   a  due to the differences in size, the insertion portion  500  is preferably tapered at the leading end  506 . In some embodiments, the radial dimension of the outer surface  502  at the leading end  506  is equal to, or slightly less than, the diameter of opening  360   a.    
     The annular locking slot  520  can be configured to reduce the likelihood of undesired movement of the valve  380   a  when the valve has been attached to the mount body  210   a.  The dimensions of the annular locking slot  520  generally correspond to the dimensions of the engagement lip  362   a.  As such, the radial dimension of the outer surface  522  of the locking slot  520  is generally equal to, or slightly greater than, the radial dimension of opening  360   a . The radial dimension of the outer surface  522  can be sized slightly greater than the radial dimension of the opening  360   a  in order to provide a more airtight seal. In some embodiments, the width of the locking slot  520  in the longitudinal direction may be equal to, or slightly less than, the width of the engagement lip  362   a.  The size of the annular locking slot  520  can be based upon the amount of sealing required, the elasticity of the material, and any concerns of ease of placement and replacement. 
     The end cap  540  can be configured to control fluid communication through the inner channel  560 . End cap  540  can be comprised of a generally flat surface  542  configured to abut the outer surface  370   a  of the suction port  350   a  when the valve is fully inserted within the mount body  210   a.  In the illustrated embodiment, the end cap  540  can be tapered from the leading edge to the trailing edge. Other embodiments need not have the reduction in diameter and can be tapered or of constant diameter. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the end cap has detent  546  configured to allow insertion of a suction catheter  160  or the like. Such detent may include a slit. In some configurations, the slit extends the center of the detent to allow a suction catheter  160  to be inserted into the valve  380   a  and into the inner channel  580  without the need to remove the valve  380   a.  In some configurations, the slit runs generally vertically such that the catheter can be moved along at least a portion of the slit in a generally vertical direction. When a suction catheter  160  is removed from the slit, the slit can return to its original shape and provide a generally hermetic seal. 
     Dual Valve Catheter Mount 
       FIGS. 6-7  are illustrations of an embodiment of a dual-valve catheter mount  200   b  that is configured to allow a suction catheter  160  to access to both the conduit port  250   b  and the interface port  300   b  and possibly the corresponding tubes attached thereto due to the provision of two suction ports  350   b,    351   b.  Dual-valve catheter mount  200   b  can be comprised of a conduit port  250   b,  an interface port  300   b,  and two suction ports  350   b,    351   b.    
     The dual-valve catheter mount  200   b  has a mount body  210   b  configured to allow fluid communication between the conduit port  250   b  and the interface port  300   b  via flow channel  212   b.  The construction of the dual-valve catheter mount  200   b  is similar to that of the angled catheter mount  200   a  with the main exception that the interface angle I a  is 90° and that the catheter mount  200   b  includes a dual-suction port  350   b,    351   b  design. As such, reference should be made to the description of the angled catheter mount  200   a  for a description of the components contained in the dual-valve catheter mount  200   b  such as those for the conduit port  250   b,  the interface port  300   b,  the design of the reverse connectors  280   b  and  330   b  as shown in  FIGS. 4A-4B , and the design of the valves  380   b  and  381   b  as shown in  FIGS. 5A-5B . 
     With reference to  FIG. 7B , the dual-valve catheter mount  200   b  has a conduit suction port  351   b  directly opposite the conduit port  250   b  and an interface suction port  350   b  directly opposite the interface port  300   b.  Both the interface suction port  350   b  and the conduit suction port  351   b  have openings  360   b,    361   b  respectively configured to permit insertion of a suction catheter  160  into the mount body  210   b  and into the flow channel  212   b . In the illustrated embodiment, the suction ports  350   b,    351   b  and the associated openings  360   b ,  361   b  have generally circular shapes that are centered about the conduit axis  202   b  and the interface axis  204   b  respectively. Furthermore, circumscribing the openings  360   b,    361   b  are engagement lips  362   b,    363   b  configured to be received within a locking slot  520  of the valves being used. In the illustrated embodiment, the size and shape of both ports  350   b,    351   b  and their respective openings  360   b,    361   b  are generally the same. In some embodiments, the size and shape of the ports may be dissimilar and may take on other shapes. For example, ports and openings may also be elliptical, such as an oval, or polygonal, such as a square, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon or the like. 
     In order to reduce the likelihood of interference between the valves used, in the illustrated embodiment, the interface suction port  350   b  is extended beyond the outer wall of tubular member  252   b  of the conduit port  250   b.  However, in the illustrated configuration, the conduit suction port  351   b  is not extended beyond the outer wall of tubular member  302   b  of the interface port  300   b.  In some embodiments, both of the suction ports  350   b,    351   b  may be extended beyond the outer wall of the tubular members  302   b,    252   b  in order to reduce the likelihood of interference or obstruction to flow within the fluid channel  212   b  of the mount body  210   b.  In some embodiments, both suction ports,  351   b  may not be extended beyond the outer wall of the tubular members  302   b,    252   b.    
     With reference to  FIGS. 6C and 6D , placement of openings  361   b,    360   b  allows the suction catheter  160  to access both, as illustrated in  FIG. 6C , the interior of the conduit port  250   b  and possibly any attached tubing and, as illustrated in  FIG. 6D , the interior of the interface port  300   b  and possibly any attached tubing. Therefore, placement of the openings  360   b,    361   b  advantageously allows direct access to both tubes without removal of the catheter mount  200   b  from the system. Such a configuration reduces the amount of time necessary in maintaining the interior surfaces of a respiratory assistance system because the catheter mount  200   b  need not be removed from the system in order to perform routine maintenance. 
     In some embodiments, the intersection of the conduit axis  202   b  and the interface axis  204   b  form an intersection angle I b . In some embodiments of the dual-valve mount  200   b,  the intersection angle I b  could be any angle from about 30° to about 150°. In some embodiments, the intersection angle I b  ranges from about 45° to about 135°. In some embodiments, the intersection angle I b  ranges from about 70° to about 110°. Finally, in some embodiments, such as that illustrated in  FIGS. 6-7 , the intersection angle I b  is about 90°. The intersection angle I b  used for a particular embodiment of the dual-valve catheter mount  200   b  can be based on other design parameters such as, but not limited to, the offset angle O b  and the placement of the two suction ports  350   b,    351   b.    
     Switch Catheter Mount 
       FIGS. 8-9  are illustrations of an embodiment of a switch catheter mount  200   c  that is configured to allow a suction catheter access to both the conduit port  250   c  and the interface port  300   c  and the corresponding tubes attached thereto due to the valve  380   c  and the switch  390   c.  The switch catheter mount  200   c  can comprise a conduit port  250   c,  an interface port  300   c,  and a suction port  350   c.  The switch catheter mount  200   c  has a mount body  210   c  configured to allow fluid communication between the conduit port  250   c  and the interface port  300   c  via the flow channel  212   c.  The construction of the switch catheter mount  200   c  can be similar to that of the dual-valve catheter mount  200   b  with the main exception that, rather than having a dual suction port design, the switch catheter mount  200   c  of the illustrated embodiment replaces one of the valves with a switch  390   c.  As such, reference should be made to the description of the dual-valve catheter mount  200   b  for a description of the components contained in the switch catheter mount  200   a  such as those for the conduit port  250   c,  the interface port  300   c,  the design of the reverse connectors  280   c  and  330   c  as shown in  FIGS. 4A-4B , and the design of the valves  380   c  as shown in  FIGS. 5A-5B . 
     With reference to  FIG. 9 , the suction port  250   c  of the switch catheter mount  200   c  can be comprised of a suction port  350   c  directly opposite the interface port  300   c  and the switch  390   c  directly opposite the conduit port  250   c.  The suction port  350   c  can have an opening  360   c  configured to permit insertion of a suction catheter  160  into the mount body  210   c  and into the flow channel  212   c.  In the illustrated embodiment, the suction port  350   c  and opening  360   c  have a generally circular shape formed about the interface axis  204   c . Furthermore, circumscribing the opening  360   c  is an engagement lip  362   c  configured to be received within a locking slot  520  of the valve  380   c  being used. In some embodiments, the size and shape of the port  350   c  and the opening  360   c  may vary. For example, ports and openings may also be elliptical, such as an oval, or polygonal, such as a square, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon or the like. 
     The switch  390   c  can be configured to redirect the suction catheter depending upon the positioning of the switch  390   c.  As such, the switch  390   c  generally could be constructed of a material that would not substantially deform when contacting the suction catheter  160 . Such materials could include, but are not limited to, plastics such as ABS, polycarbonate, polypropylene, HTPE, metals, composites, polymers, or other suitable materials. In the illustrated embodiment, the switch  390   c  has a top portion  392   c  and a rod-shaped redirection portion  394   c  that is configured to redirect the suction catheter  160 . Because the redirection portion  394   c  is configured to redirect the suction catheter  160 , in some embodiments, the redirection portion  394   c  generally has a large cross-sectional area to facilitate contact with a suction catheter  160  that has been inserted into the mount body  210   c.  If the cross-sectional area is not sufficiently wide in a direction perpendicular to the cross-sectional plane shown in  FIG. 9 , a user of the device may find it difficult to redirect a suction catheter  160  into the conduit port  250   c.  In some embodiments, the redirection portion  394   c  may have at least a portion with a rectangular cross-sectional area. In some embodiments, the redirection portion could encompass other elliptical shapes, such as ovals and polygonal shapes, such as pentagons, hexagons, and the like. In some configurations, the redirection portion  394   c  is sufficiently wide to increase the likelihood of contact with the catheter while also enabling flow through the flow path within the catheter mount. As such, the redirection portion  394   c  preferably does not totally obstruct the flow path. In some applications, the redirection portion  394   c  can extend the full width of the flow path but, because it is positioned inline with the inlet flow passage, the redirection portion will not fully occlude the flow. In some embodiments, the redirection portion  394   c  will only extend a portion of each of the flow paths. 
     In addition, in some embodiments such as that in  FIGS. 8A and 8B , the switch may also have a biasing mechanism  396   c,  such as a spring, which forces the switch  390   c  into an “interface access” position when no forces are placed on the switch  390   c.  In some embodiments, a locking mechanism may be added to maintain the switch in the desired position. In some embodiments, the switch can remain in the desired position solely due to friction between the mount body  210   c  and the redirection portion  394   c.    
     In operation, when the switch  394   c  is not depressed and remains in an “interface access” position, a suction catheter  160  inserted into the mount body  210   c  is not impeded and is capable of accessing the interior of the interface port  300   c  and possibly any attached tubing. When the switch  394   c  is depressed and in the “conduit access” position, a suction catheter  160  inserted into the mount body  210   c  is impeded from entering the interface port  300   c  of the mount body. As such, the suction catheter can be redirected into the conduit port  250   c  where it is capable of accessing the interior of the conduit port  250   c  and possibly any attached tubing. Therefore, placement of the opening  360   c  and use of the switch  390   c  advantageously allows direct access to both tubes without removing the catheter mount  200   c  from the system. This reduces the amount of time necessary in maintaining the interior surfaces of a respiratory assistance system since the catheter mount  200   c  need not be removed from the system in order to perform this routine maintenance. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the intersection of the conduit axis  202   a  and the interface axis  204   a  form an intersection angle I c . In some embodiments of the switch catheter mount  200   c,  the intersection angle I c  could be any angle from about 30° to about 150°. In some embodiments, the intersection angle I c  ranges from about 45° to about 135°. In some embodiments, the intersection angle Ic ranges from about 80° to about 110°. Finally, in some embodiments, such as that illustrated in  FIGS. 8 and 9 , the intersection angle I c  is about 90°. The intersection angle I c  used for a particular embodiment of the switch catheter mount  200   c  can be based on other design parameters such as, but not limited to, the offset angle O c , the offset distance H c , the length of the redirection portion  394   c,  and the projection distance P c  of the switch  390   c.    
     In addition to the other parameters, such as the offset distance Hc, the offset distance D a , and the offset angle O a , discussed above with respect to the angled catheter mount  200   a , additional design parameters include the length of the redirection portion  394   c.  In some embodiments, the length of the redirection portion can be between about 0.5 cm and about 3.0 cm. In some embodiments, the length of the redirection portion can be between about 0.5 cm and about 2.0 cm. In some embodiments, the length of the redirection portion can be between about 0.5 cm and about 1.0 cm. Finally, in some embodiments, the length of the redirection portion is about 1.0 cm. 
     Furthermore, another parameter that can also be configured is the projection distance P c  defined as the distance between the conduit axis  250   c  and a parallel line tangential to the part of the redirection portion closest to the suction port  350   c.  In some embodiments, the projection distance P c  can be between about 0.1 cm and about 1.0 cm. In some embodiments, the projection distance P c  can be between about 0.3 cm and about 0.8 cm. In some embodiments, the projection distance P c  can be between about 0.4 cm and about 0.6 cm. Finally, in some embodiments, the projection distance P c  is about 0.5 cm. 
     Wide-Range Valve Catheter Mount 
       FIGS. 10-12  are illustrations of an embodiment of a wide-range valve catheter mount  200   d  that is configured to allow a suction catheter  160  to access both ports and possibly the corresponding tubes attached thereto due to the wide-range valve  600 . The wide-range valve catheter mount  200   d  comprises a conduit port  250   d,  an interface port  300   d , and a suction port  350   d.  The catheter mount  200   d  has a mount body  210   d  configured to allow fluid communication between the conduit port  250   d,  the interface port  300   d,  and the suction port  350   d.  The construction of the catheter mount  200   d  is similar to the preceding catheter mounts  200   a,    200   b,    200   c  with the main exception being that the wide-range valve catheter mount  200   d  uses a larger, wide-range valve  600  rather than the smaller valve  380  of the other catheter mounts. As such, reference should be made to the description of the angled catheter mount  200   a  for a description of the components contained in the wide-range valve catheter mount  200   d  such as those for the conduit port  250   d,  the interface port  300   d,  and the design of the reverse connectors  280   d  and  330   d  as shown in  FIGS. 4A-4B . 
     In the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS. 10A and 10B , the suction port  350   d  of the wide range catheter mount  200   d  is comprised of a flat top surface  364   d  having a semi-circular shape, a flat chamfered surface  366   d  with a rectangular shape, a flat trailing surface  368   d  with a semicircular shape. Other configurations are possible. 
     With reference to  FIGS. 11A and 11B , an opening  360   d  can be defined through one or more of the surfaces  364   d,    366   d,    368   d.  In the illustrated embodiment, the shape of the opening  360   d  can vary along the surfaces  364   d,    366   d,    368   d.  Along both the top and trailing surfaces  364   d,    368   d,  the opening  360   d  can have a generally semicircular shape and, along the chamfered surface  366   d,  the opening  360   d  can have a generally rectangular shape. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the area of the opening  360   d  is approximately 1.2 times greater than the area of the conduit port  250   c  or the interface port  300   d.  In some embodiments, the area of the opening  360   d  can be greater than or less than the area of the ports  250   c,    300   c.    
     The opening  360   d  can be centered on these surfaces such that an engagement lip  362   d  is formed and defined by the shape of the opening  360   d.  The engagement lip  362   d  can be configured to be received within an annular locking slot  640  of the wide-range valve  600 . 
     With reference to  FIGS. 10C and 10D , the location and configuration of the opening  360   d  allows the suction catheter  160  to access both, as illustrated in  FIG. 10C , the interior of the conduit port  250   d  and possibly any attached tubing and, as illustrated in  FIG. 10D , the interior of the interface port  300   d  and possibly any attached tubing. Accordingly, the illustrated configuration advantageously allows direct access to both tubes without having to remove the catheter mount  200   d  from the system. This reduces the amount of time spent in maintaining the interior surfaces of a respiratory assistance system because the catheter mount  200   d  facilitates this routine maintenance without requiring removal. 
     In some embodiments, the intersection of the conduit axis  202   d  and the interface axis  204   d  form an intersection angle I d . In some embodiments of the wide-range valve catheter mount  200   d,  the intersection angle I d  could range from about 60° to about 120°. In some embodiments, the intersection angle I d  ranges from about 70° to about 110°. In some embodiments, the intersection angle I d  ranges from about 80° to about 100°. In some embodiments, such as that illustrated in  FIGS. 10-12 , the intersection angle I d  is about 90°. The intersection angle I d  used for a particular embodiment of the wide-range catheter mount  200   d  can be based on other design parameters such as, but not limited to, the size and placement of the opening  360   d  and the wide-range valve  600 . 
     In order to allow access to both the conduit port  250   d  and the interface port  300   d,  the opening  360   d  can be of sufficient size such that both the conduit axis  202   d  and the interface axis  204   d  pass through the aperture  360   d  along the top surface  364   d  and the trailing surface  368   d  respectively. Furthermore, to facilitate the use of a suction catheter  160  with this embodiment of the wide-range catheter mount  360   d,  the chamfered surface  366   d  is angled such that: (1) the first intermediate angle B 1 , defined as the angle of intersection between the conduit axis  202   a  and a line both coplanar with the conduit axis  202   a  and perpendicular to the chamfered surface  366   d,  is approximately equal to 45° and (2) the second intermediate angle B 2 , defined as the angle of intersection between the interface axis  204   a  and a line both coplanar with the interface axis  202   a  and perpendicular to the chamfered surface  366   d,  is approximately equal to 45°. As such, in the illustrated embodiment, both intermediate angles are generally equal. In other embodiments, the intermediate angles may differ. In some embodiments, such as those where the intersection angle I d  is not equal to 90°, the angles may differ. In general, the angles can be determined using the equation I d =B 1 +B 2 . 
     Other embodiments of the wide-range valve catheter mount  200   d  may have openings  360   d  of different sizes, shapes and placements. In some embodiments, the chamfered surface  366   d  may be omitted such that the two surfaces,  364   d  and  368   d,  are directly connected. In some embodiments, the top surface  364   d  and the trailing surfaces  368   d  may be omitted such that only the chamfered surface  366   d  exists. The placement of the opening  360   d  may also be changed such that the opening  360   d  along the top and trailing surfaces  364   d  and  368   d  is placed further back such that the opening is not intersected by one or more of the axis  202   d  and axis  204   d.  In yet other embodiments, the opening  360   d  may be moved forward such that the opening  360   d  along the chamfered surface  366   d  is intersected by either of the axes  202   d ,  204   d  or both. 
     In order to provide a generally hermetic seal when a suction catheter  160  is not being used and a reduced flow through the port when the suction catheter  160  is being used, a wide-range valve  600  can be used in conjunction with the wide-range valve catheter mount  200   d  and received within the opening  360   d  of the suction port  350   d.    FIGS. 12A-12C  are illustrations of an embodiment of the wide-range valve  600  which can be used to provide a generally hermetic seal. The valve  600  can be manufactured from any suitable materials keeping in mind the desire to allow the valve to accommodate the suction catheter  160 . Preferably, the valve  600  is manufactured from materials with sufficient elasticity such that the valve  600  can deform and conform to the shape of the opening  360   d  to provide a more effective seal. 
     With reference to  FIG. 12B , the wide-range valve  600  has an insertion member  620 , a locking slot  640 , an end cap  660 , and inner channel  680 . The insertion member  620  is configured to be received within the mount body  210   d  when fully assembled. The shape of the insertion member  620  generally corresponds to the shape of the opening  360   d  being used for the wide-range catheter mount  200   d.  In a preferred embodiment, the insertion member  620  is sized such that, at least at the trailing end  622 , the insertion member  900  has dimensions greater than those of the opening  360   d.  In the illustrated embodiment, the shape of the insertion member  620  remains generally constant throughout its length from the leading edge  624  to the trailing edge  622 . In other embodiments, in order to facilitate insertion of the insertion portion  620  into the aperture  360   d  due to the differences in size, the insertion portion  320  can be tapered along the leading end  624 . In some embodiments, the size and shape of the leading end  624  is equal to, or slightly smaller than, the size and shape of the opening  360   d  in order to facilitate insertion into the catheter mount  200   d.    
     The locking slot  640  can be configured to reduce or eliminate the likelihood of movement of the wide-range valve  600  when attached to the mount body  210   d.  The dimensions of the annular locking slot  640  generally correspond to the dimensions of the engagement lip  362   d.  The annular locking slot  640  can be sized and shaped to be slightly larger than the opening  360   d  in order to provide a more generally hermetic seal. The size and shape can be slightly greater depending on the elastic properties of the wide-range valve  600 . When fully inserted, the sections of the wide-range valve  600  in contact with the mount body  210   d  surfaces are compressed and form a more advantageous seal. In some embodiments, the dimensions chosen are based on the type of material being used, the amount of sealing required, and considerations of difficulty of insertion and removal of the valve. 
     The end cap  660  is configured to control fluid communication to the inner channel  680 . At the leading end  662  end cap  660  is comprised of a flat surface  664  configured to abut the top surface  364   d,  the chamfered surface  366   d,  and the trailing surface  368   d,  of the mount body  210   d  when the valve  600  is fully inserted within the mount body  210   d.  The size and shape of the end cap  660  generally corresponds to the size and shape of surfaces  364   d ,  366   d,    368   d.  The end cap  660  has slit  670  running through the end cap  660  and into the inner channel  680 . In the illustrated embodiment, a single slit  670  runs through a central section of the top portion  674 , an entire central section of the chamfered portion  676 , and a central section of the trailing portion  678  of the valve. The slit  670  allow a suction catheter  160  to be inserted into the valve  600  and into the inner channel  680  without removal of the valve  600 . When a suction catheter  160  is removed from the slit  670 , the slit can return to its original shape and provide a generally hermetic seal. In some embodiments, the slit runs solely through the chamfered portion  676 . In some embodiments, multiple slits may be used. In one non-limiting example, a first slit can exist along a central part of the top portion  674  and a second slit can exist along a central part of the trailing portion  678 . 
     Ball-Joint Catheter Mount 
       FIG. 13  illustrates an embodiment of a ball-joint catheter mount  200   e  with a conduit port  250   e  and an interface port  300   e.  The conduit portion  250   e  and the interface port  300   e  can rotate relative to each other to allow a suction catheter  160  to access to both connectors and possibly the corresponding tubes attached thereto. In the embodiment shown, the ball-joint catheter mount  200   e  also has a suction port  350   e  opposite the interface port  300   e.  The ball-joint catheter mount  200   e  has a mount body  210   e  configured to allow fluid communication between the conduit port  250   e,  the interface port  300   e,  and the suction port  350   e  through an interior flow channel  212   e.  Additionally, the conduit port  250   e  is attached to a ball-joint assembly  700  allowing the conduit port  250   e  to be rotated. In some embodiments, the suction port  350   a  is oriented opposite the conduit port  250   a  with the interface port  300   e  attached to the ball-joint assembly  700 . The construction of the ball-joint catheter mount  200   e  is similar to that of the above-described catheter mounts such as the angled catheter mount  200   a  with the main exception that, rather than being fixed, the ball-joint catheter mount  200   e  can be rotated thereby changing the interface axis  204   e  and resulting in a modifiable intersection angle I e . As such, reference should be made to the description of the dual-valve catheter mount  200   b  for a description of the components contained in the switch catheter mount  200   a  such as those for the conduit port  250   c,  the interface port  300   c,  the design of the reverse connectors  280   c  and  330   c  as shown in  FIGS. 4A-4B , and the design of the valves  380   c  as shown in  FIGS. 5A-5B . 
     During normal operation, ball-joint catheter mount  200   e  can have an intersection angle I e  of 90° or greater to facilitate placement near the interface  150 . When necessary, the ball-joint catheter mount can be rotated at the ball joint assembly  700  to decrease the intersection angle I e  and, similar to the angled catheter mount  200   a,  allow a suction catheter  160  to access both the conduit port  250   e  and the interface port  300   e.  In some configurations, the ball-joint assembly includes an arcuate inner surface such that the catheter can be better directed toward the conduit port  250   e.  In the illustrated configuration, the suction port  350   e  is non-movably positioned relative to an axis of the interface port  300   e  while being movably positioned relative to an axis of the conduit port  250   e.    
     In some configurations, a connector (e.g., an intermediate suction tube connector) can be provided with a port and valve assembly. In such configurations, the port and valve assembly can be angled to provide each of access to one or more components between the flow generators (e.g., ventilator) and the catheter mount. In such configurations, it is possible to use the connector in combination with a standard catheter mount. 
     All features of the embodiments described above can be combined and integrated. Thus, as one non-limiting example, a dual-valve catheter mount  200   b  may also have a narrow intersection angle I b  akin to the angled catheter mount  200   a.  As another non-limiting example, the ball-joint catheter mount  200   e  can also have a wide-range valve  600  of the wide-range valve catheter mount  200   d  rather than the smaller valve  380   e.  The remaining combinations and permutations are also included herein as embodiments. 
     Although the present invention has been described in terms of a certain embodiment, other embodiments apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art also are within the scope of this invention. Thus, various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For instance, various components may be repositioned as desired. Moreover, not all of the features, aspects and advantages are necessarily required to practice the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention is intended to be defined only by the claims that follow.