Patent Publication Number: US-2020300211-A1

Title: Flume

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of, and priority to, U.S. Provisional Patent App. No. 62/820,475, filed on Mar. 19, 2019, and entitled “FLUME,” the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference, as if the same were set forth herein in its entirety. 
     This application further incorporates by reference the following U.S. and international patent applications:
         U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/294,074, filed on Oct. 14, 2016, and entitled “CYCLOIDAL MAGNETIC GEAR SYSTEM”;   International Patent App. No. PCT/US2016/057130, filed on Oct. 14, 2016, and entitled “CYCLOIDAL MAGNETIC GEAR SYSTEM”;   International Patent App. No. PCT/US17/24511, filed on Mar. 28, 2017, and entitled “TURBINE HYDROKINETIC ENERGY SYSTEM UTILIZING CYCLOIDAL MAGNETIC GEARS”; and   U.S. Provisional Patent App. No. 62/687,520, filed on Jun. 20, 2018, and entitled “CASSETTE.”       

    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates generally to hydro-electric power systems, and more specifically to systems, methods, and apparatuses for accelerating fluid through hydro-electric power generation systems. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Conventional hydro-electric power generation systems convert energy from naturally moving water into electric power. However, the amount of power conventional systems generate is limited by the natural flow or speed of the water. Therefore, there exists a long-felt but unresolved need for systems, methods, and apparatuses for accelerating fluid through hydro-electric power generation systems for increasing power generation. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     The present disclosure relates generally to a flume structure for increasing the velocity of a fluid moving through the flume structure in a channel, canal, waterway (deep or shallow), etc. More specifically, the flume structure includes one or more side walls and a base with specially curved designs for increasing the velocity of water flowing through the flume. 
     For example, consider a shallow waterway with a stream having a particular flow rate. In particular embodiments, the flume design reduces the available waterway width for the stream to occupy, and, given that fluids are incompressible, the velocity of the fluid increases to maintain the flowrate through the narrowed pathway. In one embodiment, the potential energy of the increased fluid velocity may be harnessed via turbines for generating electricity, as is described in the PCT Patent App. No. PCT/US2017/024511, filed Mar. 28, 2017, entitled “TURBINE HYDROKINETIC ENERGY SYSTEM UTILIZING CYCLOIDAL MAGNETIC GEARS,” which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein. 
     In certain embodiments, the flume design allows for optimal fluid velocity increase, resulting in optimal energy generation. In a particular embodiment, flume accelerator walls (side walls) may be designed such that the water displacement (e.g., narrowing of the canal/waterway) is enough to increase the velocity of the water to a substantial degree, but also that the height of the water is not increased such that the velocity of the water substantially decreases (head loss increases water depth which can reduce velocity). According to various aspects of the present disclosure, the design of the flume accelerator side walls may include exemplary geometric aspects and ratios such as: an apex of the side wall that extends into the flume within a range of about 0.23-0.25 times the width of a single flume unit; the apex of the sidewall is slightly forward from the center of the side wall width, and is also slightly forward from the position of the turbine; a front angle opposite of the apex height (e.g., from the front corner of the flume to the apex) is greater than a back angle opposite of the apex height (e.g., from the back corner of the flume to the apex), where the front angle is greater than the back angle by a factor of about 1.2; the location (depth) of the turbine from the front of the flume is further than the location of the apex by a factor of about 1.14. Furthermore, in some embodiments, flumes may be installed in various orientations (inner and outer orientations) that allow for the curved sidewalls to join in the middle of a waterway (effectively forming an accelerating divider/median in the flume) or the curved sidewalls may be oriented along the outer borders of the flume (effectively accelerating the water inward and through the flume). In one embodiment, the area/volume exterior of the accelerator side walls may be hollow, and furthermore connecting two flume units at the curved sidewalls may form a hollowed space within the divider/median. In other embodiments, the hollow area/volume exterior of the curved side walls may join with the walls or banks of the shallow waterway. 
     In particular embodiments, the exemplary flume discussed herein may include a top wall (also referred to herein as a “top”). In various embodiments, the top wall may allow for a turbine and gear box to be mounted to the top wall. In one embodiment, the top wall may be designed such that the top wall does not cover the entirety of the flume base, but rather only a portion, such as the rear/back portion of the base. Accordingly, and in one embodiment, a vertical beam at the rear of the flume base may provide structural support to the top wall and the mounted gear box(es). In some embodiments, the vertical beam may include a curved design for further increasing the velocity of the fluid flowing through the flume. Furthermore, the flume top wall may include a “slot” along the front face of the top wall that may allow for turbines to be installed via a lateral movement (e.g., the turbine is slid sideways into the slot) rather than a vertical drop (e.g., the turbine is raised and lowered into place via a crane or the like), which may increase installation efficiency. However, in particular embodiments, the flume top wall may include a “cut-out” or vacant area on the upper surface of the top wall that may allow for the turbines to be installed via a vertical movement (e.g., the turbine is dropped into position). 
     In one embodiment, the geometric aspects and ratios discussed above allow for the accelerator walls to leverage unique patterns of flow distribution between the walls and the turbines, which constrict and accelerate water flowing through the flume. In various embodiments, the low drag of the accelerator wall shape accelerates the water without adding undue head loss. In particular embodiments, the location of the turbine blades relative to the wall (and the apex of the wall) is optimized for increasing the flow velocity. 
     In a particular embodiment, the accelerator wall leverages asymmetry of power production, where a substantial amount of generated power is derived from one side of the flow, and the flow is accelerated more on the power producing side (e.g., the side nearest the accelerator wall, where water pushes a vertical turbine) than the non-powered side. 
     According to various aspects of the present disclosure, the flume may prevent or mitigate an increase in head loss by further manipulating the water flowing through the flume via vertical constriction. In one embodiment, the flume walls may be designed such that as the height of the flowing water is increased via the accelerator walls, the increase in height is distributed away from the flume turbines. For example, the flume walls may be designed to form a funnel-like entrance into the flume, where the cross-sectional area of the funnel narrows closer to the turbines. In a particular embodiment, the increased water height provides downward pressure in the direction of the turbine blades, thus increasing the velocity of the water flowing through the flume turbines. In certain embodiments, a separate wall extending outwardly from the flume may provide the vertical constriction on the flowing water. In various embodiments, the separate wall may extend upward linearly (e.g., at a constant angle) or the wall may include an upward curve (e.g., at an increasing angle). In particular embodiments, the separate wall may be integrally attached to the front face of the flume at any appropriate location (e.g., near the bottom of the flume, near center-height of the flume, etc.), based on the particular waterway and other factors (e.g., historical water levels during floods, etc.). 
     According to a first aspect, a waterway turbine system including: A) a base including: 1) a front edge positioned to receive water; and 2) a back edge positioned to release water; B) a top; C) a vertical turbine extending from the top to the base and positioned at about a midpoint between the front edge and the back edge of the base; and D) a side wall extending upwardly from a left or right side of the base and fixed to the top, the side wall including a curvature for increasing a velocity of a fluid flowing over the base, wherein the curvature includes an apex positioned closer to the front edge of the base than the back edge of the base. 
     According to a second aspect, the waterway turbine system of the first aspect or any other aspect, wherein the vertical turbine is positioned further from the front edge than the position of the apex by a factor of about 1.14. 
     According to a third aspect, the waterway turbine system of the second aspect or any other aspect, wherein: A) the side wall and the base form: 1) a front corner at the intersection of the front edge of the base and the side wall; 2) a back corner at the intersection of the back edge of the base and the side wall; and B) an angle of the side wall curvature relative to the front corner is greater than an angle relative to the back corner. 
     According to a fourth aspect, the waterway turbine system of the third aspect or any other aspect, wherein a front angle of the side wall is about 27 degrees relative to the front corner of the base and a back angle of about 23 degrees relative to the back corner of the base. 
     According to a fifth aspect, the waterway turbine system of the fourth aspect or any other aspect, wherein the angle of the side wall curvature relative to the front corner is greater than the angle relative to the back corner by a factor of about 1.2. 
     According to a sixth aspect, the waterway turbine system of the fifth aspect or any other aspect, wherein: A) the front edge of the base is a particular length; B) the base, the side wall, and the top form an interior; and C) the apex extends into the interior about 0.23-0.025 times the particular length. 
     According to a seventh aspect, the waterway turbine system of the sixth aspect or any other aspect, wherein: A) the side wall extends upwardly from the right side of the base; B) the waterway turbine system includes a second wall extending upwardly from the left side of the base; and C) the second wall is substantially flat and perpendicular to the base. 
     According to an eighth aspect, the waterway turbine system of the seventh aspect or any other aspect, wherein: A) the side wall extends upwardly from the left side of the base; B) the waterway turbine system includes a second wall extending upwardly from the right side of the base; and C) the second wall is substantially flat and perpendicular to the base. 
     According to a ninth aspect, the waterway turbine system of the eighth aspect or any other aspect, wherein the base, the side wall, and the top are a unitary structure. 
     According to a tenth aspect, the waterway turbine system of the eighth aspect or any other aspect, wherein the base, the side wall, and the top include thermoformed plastic structures. 
     According to an eleventh aspect, the waterway turbine system of the eighth aspect or any other aspect, wherein the base, the side wall, and the top include a filled mesh. 
     According to a twelfth aspect, the waterway turbine system of the eighth aspect or any other aspect, wherein the base, the side wall, and the top include concrete. 
     According to a thirteenth aspect, the waterway turbine system of the eighth aspect or any other aspect, wherein the base and the side wall include concrete and the top includes metal. 
     According to a fourteenth aspect, a waterway turbine system including: A) a base including: 1) a front edge positioned to receive water; and 2) a back edge positioned to release water; B) a side wall extending upwardly from a left or right side of the base and including a curvature with an apex for increasing a velocity of a fluid flowing over the base; C) a top integrally formed with the side wall; and D) a vertical turbine extending from the top to the base and substantially positioned at a midpoint between the front edge and back edge of the base. 
     According to a fifteenth aspect, the waterway turbine system of the fourteenth aspect or any other aspect, wherein the apex is positioned closer to the front edge of the base than the back edge of the base. 
     According to a sixteenth aspect, the waterway turbine system of the fourteenth aspect or any other aspect, wherein the vertical turbine is positioned further from the front edge than the position of the apex by a factor of about 1.14. 
     According to a seventeenth aspect, the waterway turbine system of the fourteenth aspect or any other aspect, wherein: A) the side wall and the base form: 1) a front corner at the intersection of the front edge of the base and the side wall; and 2) a back corner at the intersection of the back edge of the base and the side wall; and B) an angle of the side wall curvature relative to the front corner is greater than an angle relative to the back corner. 
     According to a eighteenth aspect, the waterway turbine system of the seventeenth aspect or any other aspect, wherein a front angle of the side wall is about 27 degrees relative to the front corner of the base and a back angle of about 23 degrees relative to the back corner of the base. 
     According to a nineteenth aspect, the waterway turbine system of the seventeenth aspect or any other aspect, wherein the angle of the side wall curvature relative to the front corner is greater than the angle relative to the back corner by a factor of about 1.2. 
     According to a twentieth aspect, the waterway turbine system of the fourteenth aspect or any other aspect, wherein: A) the front edge of the base is a particular length; B) the base, the side wall, and the top form an interior; and C) the apex extends into the interior about 0.23-0.025 times the particular length. 
     According to a twenty-first aspect, the waterway turbine system of the fourteenth aspect or any other aspect, wherein: A) the side wall extends upwardly from the right side of the base; B) the waterway turbine system includes a second wall extending upwardly from the left side of the base; and C) the second wall is substantially flat and perpendicular to the base. 
     According to a twenty-second aspect, the waterway turbine system of the fourteenth aspect or any other aspect, wherein: A) the side wall extends upwardly from the left side of the base; B) the waterway turbine system includes a second wall extending upwardly from the right side of the base; and C) the second wall is substantially flat and perpendicular to the base. 
     These and other aspects, features, and benefits of the claimed embodiment(s) will become apparent from the following detailed written description of the embodiments and aspects taken in conjunction with the following drawings, although variations and modifications thereto may be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the novel concepts of the disclosure. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES 
       The accompanying drawings illustrate one or more embodiments and/or aspects of the disclosure and, together with the written description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements of an embodiment, and wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of the flume system, according to one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  is a front view of the flume system, according to one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  is a top view of the flume system, according to one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view of the flume system, according to one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 5  is a front view of the flume system, according to one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 6  is a top cross-sectional view of the flume system, according to one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective view of the flume system, according to one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 8  is a front view of the flume system, according to one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 9  is a top view of the flume system, according to one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 10  is a front view of the flume system, according to one aspect of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 11  is a top view of the flume system, according to one aspect of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
     For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the present disclosure, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will, nevertheless, be understood that no limitation of the scope of the disclosure is thereby intended; any alterations and further modifications of the described or illustrated embodiments, and any further applications of the principles of the disclosure as illustrated therein are contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the disclosure relates. All limitations of scope should be determined in accordance with and as expressed in the claims. 
     Overview 
     Briefly described, and according to one embodiment, aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to a hydro-kinetic power generation system for increasing the velocity of a fluid moving through the flume structure in a channel, canal, waterway (deep or shallow), etc. More specifically, this system, also referred to herein as a flume structure, flume system, or the like, includes one or more side walls and a base with specifically curved designs for increasing the velocity of water flowing through the flume. 
     For example, consider a shallow waterway with a stream having a particular flow rate. In particular embodiments, the flume design reduces the available waterway width for the stream to occupy, and, given that fluids are incompressible, the velocity of the fluid increases to maintain the flowrate through the narrowed pathway. In one embodiment, the potential energy of the increased fluid velocity may be harnessed via turbines for generating electricity, as is described in the PCT Patent App. No. PCT/US2017/024511, filed Mar. 28, 2017, entitled “TURBINE HYDROKINETIC ENERGY SYSTEM UTILIZING CYCLOIDAL MAGNETIC GEARS,” which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein. 
     In certain embodiments, the flume design allows for optimal fluid velocity increase, resulting in optimal energy generation. In a particular embodiment, the flume accelerator walls (side walls) may be designed such that the water displacement (e.g., narrowing of the canal/waterway) is enough to increase the velocity of the water to a substantial degree, but also that the height of the water is not increased such that the velocity of the water decreases (head loss increases water depth which reduces velocity). According to various aspects of the present disclosure, the design of the flume accelerator side walls may include exemplary geometric aspects and ratios such as: an apex of the side wall that extends into the flume within a range of about 0.23-0.25 times the width of a single flume unit; the apex of the sidewall is slightly forward from the center of the side wall width, and is also slightly forward from the position of the turbine; a front angle opposite of the apex height (e.g., from the front corner of the flume to the apex) is greater than a back angle opposite of the apex height (e.g., from the back corner of the flume to the apex), where the front angle is greater than the back angle by a factor of about 1.2; the location (depth) of the turbine from the front of the flume is further than the location of the apex by a factor of about 1.14. Furthermore, in some embodiments, flumes may be installed in various orientations (inner and outer orientations) that allow for the curved sidewalls to join in the middle of a waterway (effectively forming an accelerating divider/median in the flume) or the curved sidewalls may be oriented along the outer borders of the flume (effectively accelerating the water inward and through the flume). In one embodiment, the area/volume exterior of the accelerator side walls may be hollow, and furthermore connecting two flume units at the curved sidewalls may form a hollowed space within the divider/median. In other embodiments, the hollow area/volume exterior of the curved side walls may join with the walls or banks of the shallow waterway. 
     In particular embodiments, the exemplary flume discussed herein may include a top wall. In various embodiments, the top wall may allow for a turbine and gear box to be mounted to the top wall. In one embodiment, the top wall may be designed such that the top wall does not cover the entirety of the flume base, but rather only a portion, such as the rear portion of the base. Accordingly, and in one embodiment, a vertical beam at the rear of the flume base may provide structural support to the top wall and the mounted gear box(es). In some embodiments, the vertical beam may include a curved design for further increasing the velocity of the fluid flowing through the flume. Furthermore, the flume top wall may include a “slot” along the front face of the top wall that may allow for turbines to be installed via a lateral movement (e.g., the turbine is slid sideways into the slot) rather than a vertical drop (e.g., the turbine is raised and lowered into place via a crane or the like), which increases the installation efficiency. However, in particular embodiments, the flume top wall may include a “cut-out” or vacant area on the upper surface of the top wall that may allow for the turbines to be installed via a vertical movement (e.g., the turbine is dropped into position). 
     In one embodiment, the geometric aspects and ratios discussed above allow for the accelerator walls to leverage unique patterns of flow distribution between the walls and the turbines, which constrict and accelerate water flowing through the flume. In various embodiments, the low drag of the accelerator wall shape accelerates the water without adding undue head loss. In particular embodiments, the location of the turbine blades relative to the wall (and the apex of the wall) is optimized for increasing the flow velocity. 
     In a particular embodiment, the accelerator wall leverages asymmetry of power production, where a substantial amount of generated power is derived from one side of the flow, and the flow is accelerated more on the power producing side than the non-powered side. According to various aspects of the present disclosure, the flume may prevent or mitigate an increase in head loss by further manipulating the water flowing through the flume via vertical constriction. In one embodiment, the flume walls may be designed such that as the height of the flowing water is increased via the accelerator walls, the increase in height is distributed away from the flume turbines. For example, the flume walls may be designed to form a funnel-like entrance into the flume, where the cross-sectional area of the funnel narrows closer to the turbines. In a particular embodiment, the increased water height provides downward pressure in the direction of the turbine blades, thus increasing the velocity of the water flowing through the flume turbines. In certain embodiments, a separate wall extending outwardly from the flume may provide the vertical constriction on the flowing water. In various embodiments, the separate wall may extend upward linearly (e.g., at a constant angle) or the wall may include an upward curve (e.g., at an increasing angle). In particular embodiments, the separate wall may be integrally attached to the front face of the flume at any appropriate location (e.g., near the bottom of the flume, near center-height of the flume, etc.), based on the particular waterway and other factors (e.g., historical water levels during floods, etc.). 
     Exemplary Embodiments 
     Referring now to the figures,  FIG. 1  is a perspective view of the flume system  100 , according to one aspect of the present disclosure. In various embodiments, the flume system  100  may be installed in waterways (deep or shallow) for directing water flow through the flume system  100  for converting kinetic energy from the water flow into electric power via one or more turbines. In particular embodiments, the flume system  100  includes one or more flume units  102 , where the one or more flume units  102  may include a base  104 , a top wall  106 , and an accelerator wall  108 . As discussed in the U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 16/133,285, filed on Sep. 17, 2019, and entitled “HYDRO TRANSITION SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME,” one or more hydro-transition walls  110  may direct water flow into the flume system  100  for further acceleration by the accelerator walls  108 . Accordingly, the accelerated water flow spins one or more turbines  112  positioned within the flume, thus generating hydro-electric power via one or more gear boxes  114  coupled to the one or more turbines  112 . 
     Continuing with  FIG. 1 , and as will be described in further detail herein, the accelerator walls  108  protrude inwardly towards the center of the flume system  100 , and include a substantially curved shape optimized for accelerating fluid flow through the flume  100 . In certain embodiments, the accelerator walls  108  may be manufactured from a composite material, such as fiber glass or the like, or the accelerator walls  108  may be manufactured from cement, or a similar material. In some embodiments, and as shown in the present embodiment, the accelerator walls  108  include a hollowed or concave rear surface  116  surrounded by a substantially flat frame  118  that may be joined with another accelerator wall  108  (as discussed below in association with the embodiments shown in  FIGS. 10 and 11 ), or the substantially flat frame  118  may be positioned along the perimeter of a waterway. 
     Still referring to  FIG. 1 , and in various embodiments, the base  104  includes a curved lip  120 , or front edge. In particular embodiments, the curved lip  120  allows for water flowing along the bottom of a waterway to pass over the front of the base  104  without creating undue turbulence around the front of the flume system  100 . Furthermore, as water flows over the leading edge and along the curved lip&#39;s surface, the water is accelerated, as it needs to travel along a greater distance (e.g., the distance of the curved lip) while still maintaining its velocity. Accordingly, the curved lip  120  contributes to the water&#39;s acceleration through the flume system  100 . 
     Accordingly, in various embodiments, the flume system  100  and its components allow for enhanced hydro-electric power generation. In one embodiment, the flume system  100  receives water-flow from a waterway such as a canal, river, etc. In one embodiment, the water is received at the front of the flume system  100 , particularly at the curved lip  120  (the front edge). 
     According to various aspects of the present disclosure, the curved front lip  120  accelerates the water-flow as it enters the flume system  100 . In various embodiments, in response to the water-flow being accelerated by the curved lip  120  and entering the flume system  100 , the one or more accelerator walls  108  further accelerate the water-flow. In particular embodiments, the one or more accelerator walls  108  accelerate the water-flow via a curved wall face that gradually protrudes further into the flume system  100  interior, thus reducing the area through which the water may flow. In certain embodiments, the apex of the accelerator wall  108  protrudes a distance that effectively reduces the area through which water may flow by about a factor of 0.23-0.25 (discussed in greater detail below in association with  FIG. 6 ). 
     According to various aspects of the present disclosure, the one or more turbines  112  are positioned slightly behind the apex of the accelerator wall  108 . Accordingly, the one or more turbines  112  receive an accelerated water-flow in response to the water-flow passing the accelerator wall  108  apex peak. In one embodiment, in response to the one or more turbines  112  receiving the water-flow, the turbines  112  spin along a vertically aligned axis, and the one or more gear boxes  114  generate hydro-electric power from the turbine  112  rotations. 
     In certain embodiments, the water-flow continues through the flume system  100  and passes over a back edge on the base  104 . In various embodiments, the back edge allows for the water-flow to transition out from the flume system  100  back into the canal or waterway without undue turbulence. According to various aspects of the present disclosure, a subsequent flume system may be further downstream, and reducing undue turbulence allows for downstream flume systems to receive water at a high velocity. 
       FIG. 2  is a front view of the flume system  100 , according to one aspect of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the flume system  100  may be installed in a trapezoidal canal or waterway, and thus the hydro-transitions  110  are triangularly shaped for accommodating the trapezoidal shape of its installation environment. In some embodiments, the flume system  100  may be installed in a rectangular waterway or canal, and in these embodiments the hydro-transitions  110  may be more rectangular in shape (or the system may not use transitions). According to various aspects of the present disclosure, each flume unit  102  may include a curved support beam  202 . In particular embodiments, the curved support beam  202  is configured to support the load/weight from the top wall  106  while also mitigating any turbulence created by its presence, via its curved shape. Similar to the curved lip  120 , the curved support beam  202  may accelerate water as it flows around the beam  202 . In certain embodiments, curved support beams  202  from multiple flume units  102  may be positioned such that they form a divider or median in the center of a flume system  100  and between two accelerator walls  108 . 
       FIG. 3  is a top view of the flume system, according to one aspect of the present disclosure. In certain embodiments, the top walls  106  of the flume system  100  may be substantially “L-shaped,” or another appropriate shape, for reducing the weight of the top wall  106  while also allowing for the turbines  112  and gear boxes  114  to be positioned on top of/within the flume units  102 . In particular embodiments, the gear boxes  114  may include a frame with holes for accepting screws that may be fastened into (or bolted onto) the top wall  106  for securing the gear box  114  onto the flume system  100 . 
     Turning now to  FIG. 4 , a perspective view of the flume system  100  is shown, according to one aspect of the present disclosure. As mentioned above in association with the discussion of  FIG. 1 , the flume system  100  includes a base  104  with a curved base lip  120 . In particular embodiments, the curved base lip  120  accelerates water upward into the flume system  100 , thus increasing the system&#39;s hydro-kinetic power output. Furthermore, each flume unit  102  may include one or more accelerator walls  108  that protrude inwardly towards the turbine(s)  112 , thus narrowing the area through which water may flow and increasing the velocity of the water for increasing the system&#39;s power output. 
       FIG. 5  is a front view of the flume system  100 , according to one aspect of the present disclosure. In various embodiments, the accelerator walls  108  protrude inwardly towards the one or more turbines  112 . In a particular embodiment, at the peak curve apex of each accelerator wall  108 , the accelerator wall  108  reduces the available width of the interior of the flume unit  102  (through which water may flow) by about 0.23-0.25 times its full width. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 6 , a top cross-sectional view of the flume system  100  is shown according to one aspect of the present disclosure. In various embodiments, the configuration of the accelerator wall  108  curvature is optimized for increasing the velocity of water flowing through the flume system  100 . In certain embodiments, aspects such as the position of the apex peak  602  with respect to the turbine  112 , as well as the position of the apex peak  602  with respect to the width of the accelerator wall  108  (indicated as width  608 ), contribute to the optimization of water flow through the flume system  100 . In one embodiment, the apex of the accelerator wall  108  extends into the flume within a range of about 0.23-0.25 times the width of a single flume unit  102  (indicated as widths  610  and  612 , respectively). In particular embodiments, the apex of the accelerator wall  108  is slightly forward from the center of the width  608 , and is also slightly forward from the position of the turbine  112 . In certain embodiments, the turbine  112  is positioned slightly behind the center of the width  608 . In various embodiments, a front angle  618  opposite of the apex height (e.g., from the front corner  614  of the flume to the apex  602 ) is greater than a back angle  620  opposite of the apex height (e.g., from the back corner  616  of the flume to the apex  602 ), where the front angle  618  is greater than the back angle  620  by a factor of about 1.2. In at least one embodiment, the location (depth) of the turbine  112  from the front of the flume is further than the location of the apex  602  by a factor of about 1.14. 
     Still referring to  FIG. 6 , a back edge  604  of the base  104  is shown, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. In particular embodiments, the back edge  604  may include a curvature that is substantially similar to the front edge (the curved lip  120 ). In one embodiment, the back edge  604  provides a gradually declining surface for water to flow over as the water flows through the flume system  100 . Accordingly, the back edge  604  reduces turbulences, or the like, from beginning at and around the rear of the flume system  100 , and thus promotes continued water flow down the waterway. 
     Proceeding now to  FIG. 7 , a perspective view of the flume system  100  is shown according to one aspect of the present disclosure. In the present embodiment, the flume system  100  shown includes only a single flume unit. In one embodiment, single flume units  102  may be installed intermittently throughout waterways, or in narrow waterways, for harnessing kinetic energy from flowing water. 
     In one embodiment,  FIG. 8  shows a front view of the flume system  100 . As discussed above in association with the embodiment shown in  FIG. 6 , the apex of the accelerator wall  108  extends into the area of the flume system  100  through which water flows. In particular embodiments, this narrows the width of the flume system and increases the velocity of the water flowing through the flume. 
       FIG. 9  is a top view of the flume system  100 , according to one aspect of the present disclosure. As discussed in association with the description of  FIG. 3 , the top wall  106  of the flume system may be “L-shaped,” and may include cut-outs for allowing the turbines  112  and gear boxes  114  to be either vertically lowered or laterally maneuvered into a slot on the top wall  106 . Furthermore, these cut-outs may position the turbines  112  to be received by the base  104 , when the turbines are installed within the cut-outs. 
       FIG. 10  is a front view of the flume system  100 , according to one aspect of the present disclosure. In particular embodiments, the flume units  102  may be oriented such that the accelerator walls  108  are adjacent, rather than being positioned on opposite ends of the flume system. According to various aspects of the present disclosure, in this orientation, the accelerator walls  108  may divide a body of flowing water and accelerate each divided flow of water into their respective flume units  102  for spinning the turbines  112  and thus generating hydro-electric power. In one embodiment, the base lip  120  narrows to the front corner of the accelerator wall  108 , and may further accelerate the water through the flume. 
     In various embodiments,  FIG. 11  is a top cross-sectional view of the flume system  100 . In particular embodiments, the flume units  102  may be oriented such that the accelerator walls  108  are adjacently positioned, rather than being positioned on opposite ends of the flume system  100 . In various embodiments, in this orientation, the accelerator walls  108  may divide or split a body of flowing water while also accelerating each divided flow of water into their respective flume units  102 . 
     CONCLUSION 
     While various aspects have been described in the context of a certain embodiments, additional aspects, features, and methodologies of the claimed systems and methods will be readily discernible from the description herein, by those of ordinary skill in the art. Many embodiments and adaptations of the disclosure and claimed systems and methods other than those herein described, as well as many variations, modifications, and equivalent arrangements and methodologies, will be apparent from or reasonably suggested by the disclosure and the foregoing description thereof, without departing from the substance or scope of the claims. 
     Furthermore, any sequence(s) and/or temporal order of steps of various processes described and claimed herein are those considered to be the best mode contemplated for carrying out the claimed systems and methods. It should also be understood that, although steps of various processes may be shown and described as being in a preferred sequence or temporal order, the steps of any such processes are not limited to being carried out in any particular sequence or order, absent a specific indication of such to achieve a particular intended result. In most cases, the steps of such processes may be carried out in a variety of different sequences and orders, while still falling within the scope of the claimed systems and methods. In addition, some steps may be carried out simultaneously, contemporaneously, or in synchronization with other steps. 
     The embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the claimed systems and methods and their practical application so as to enable others skilled in the art to utilize the systems and methods and various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. Alternative embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art to which the claimed systems and methods pertain without departing from their spirit and scope. Accordingly, the scope of the claimed systems and methods is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description and the exemplary embodiments described therein.