Patent Publication Number: US-7709114-B2

Title: Battery pack

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application claims priority to Japanese patent Application No. 2007-104606 filed in the Japanese Patent Office on Apr. 12, 2007, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The present application relates to a battery pack, more particularly, to application of a battery pack applied to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, such as a lithium-ion secondary battery. 
     In recent years, various types of portable electronic devices, such as videotape recorders (VTRs) with camera, cell phones, and laptop computers, are widely used, and those having smaller size and weight are being developed. As the portable electronic devices are miniaturized, demand for battery as a power source of them is rapidly increasing. To reduce the size and weight of the device, the battery design in which the battery is lightweight and thin, and the housing space for the device can be efficiently used, is desired as well. It is known that, as a battery for meeting the demands, a lithium-ion secondary battery having a large energy density and a large power density is the most preferred. 
     In the development of the lithium-ion secondary battery, putting into practical use batteries having high selectivity of shape, sheet-type batteries having a reduced thickness and a large area, or card-type batteries having a reduced thickness and a small area is desired. 
     For meeting the demands, it has been recently reported that the thin battery as described above can be obtained using a casing member in a film form, such as an aluminum laminated film (see, for example, TAKAMI Norio, “Ultrathin lithium-ion battery using aluminum laminated film case”, Toshiba Review, Toshiba Corporation, Vol. 56, No. 2, February, 2001, pp. 10-13 (hereinafter referred to as “non-patent document 1”)). 
       FIGS. 1A-1C  show the external views of a battery  1  disclosed in the non-patent document 1.  FIGS. 1A ,  1 B, and  1 C are a plan view, a front view, and a section view of the thin lithium-ion battery for cellular phones, respectively. 
     The thin battery  1  is produced by covering a flat-type battery element, which is formed of stacking a positive electrode and a negative electrode through a separator and spirally winding them, with an aluminum laminated film and sealing the film around the battery element. 
     A positive electrode terminal  2   a  and a negative electrode terminal  2   b  respectively connected to the positive electrode and negative electrode are extended outside the battery, for example, from one side of the thin battery  1 , and the aluminum laminated film around the battery element except for one side is sealed and then an electrolyte solution is injected from the unsealed opening, and finally the side of the film from which the positive electrode terminal  2   a  and negative electrode terminal  2   b  are extended is sealed, thus obtaining the thin battery. 
     This thin battery uses a casing of an aluminum laminated film having a thickness of about 100 μm, and hence has small strength, as compared to a battery using a metallic can, and it is difficult to use this battery as a battery pack as it is. Accordingly, a battery pack containing a battery element covered with a laminated film in a pack housing formed of a plastic and firmly fixed with an adhesive double coated tape or the like is widely used. Further, it has been known that the battery pack can be improved in resistance to drop impact or shock by increasing the thickness of the housing. 
     However, in such a known thin battery, the housing is bonded with the surface of the battery at limited bonding portions, and hence, when the battery is dropped from a certain height or higher, there is a possibility that, although the battery element is not damaged, a load is concentrated on the flexible battery casing to break the casing or a pinhole is formed in the metal layer of the casing, and then moisture enters the inside of the battery by passing through the resin layer. 
     In this case, even in the battery pack which seems to suffer no deformation or the like from the external view of the pack and which can be fitted into an electric device, when the casing for battery is broken, moisture in air reacts with the electrode or electrolyte to continuously generate harmful gas, or when only pinhole is formed, the moisture vigorously reacts with the electrode or electrolyte to generate gas during the charging, so that the battery pack unusually expands, whereby causing a possibility of breaking the portable electric device. 
     Further, the pack housing inevitably has a thickness as large as about 300 μm or more due to the limitation of the technique for thin plastic molding or for securing the strength of housing, and therefore it is difficult to increase the battery volume to be contained in the housing. 
     SUMMARY 
     Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a battery pack in which the load concentration on the flexible covering member is reduced and hence the battery pack is improved in reliability or safety after suffering drop and has such strength that the battery pack can resist deformation or the like when it suffers an impact/shock of short drop. Furthermore, if the battery pack suffers an impact/shock such that the flexible covering member is damaged, the external view of the resultant battery pack advantageously reveals that the battery pack cannot be subsequently fitted into an electric device or charged, the battery pack has such excellent volume efficiency that the volume of the battery element to be contained can be as large as possible. 
     In accordance with an embodiment, there is provided a battery pack which includes a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, a rigid covering member, and a protection circuit board. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a battery element and a flexible covering member. The battery element includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator which are spirally wound or staked. The separator is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The battery element also includes a non-aqueous electrolyte composition. The flexible covering member is formed of a first laminated film, and covers the battery element. The first laminated film is composed of a first heat-boding layer, a first metal layer, and a first outer covering layer which are laminated successively. The flexible covering member is sealed along around the battery element while leaving electrode terminals of the positive and negative electrodes extended outside the battery element. The rigid covering member covers the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery together with the flexible covering member, and is composed of a second head-bonding layer, a second metal layer, and a second outer covering layer which are laminated successively. The protection circuit board is housed in the rigid covering member, and controls a voltage and a current of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batter. The battery element and the flexible covering member adhere to each other, and the flexible covering member and the rigid covering member are bonded by melting the second heat-boding layer without melting the first outer covering layer. 
     In accordance with another embodiment, there is provided a battery pack which includes a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and a protection circuit board. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batter includes a battery element, a flexible covering member, and a rigid covering member. The batter element includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator which are spirally wound or stacked. The separator is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The battery element also includes a non-aqueous electrolyte composition. The flexible covering member is formed of a first laminated film, and covers a principal portion of the battery element. The first laminated film is composed of a first heat-bonding layer, a first metal layer, and a first outer covering layer which are laminated successively. The rigid covering member is formed of a second laminated film, and covers a remaining portion of the battery element. The second laminated film is composed of a second heat-bonding layer, a second metal layer, and a second outer covering which are laminated successively. The flexible covering member and the rigid covering member are bonded along around the better element to seal the battery element while leaving electrode terminals of the positive and negative electrodes extended outside the battery element. The protection circuit board is housed in the rigid covering member, and controls a voltage and a current of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batter. The battery element and the flexible covering member adhere to each other. The flexible covering member and the rigid covering member are bonded at other than around the battery element by melting the second heat-bonding layer without melting the first outer covering layer. 
     Additional features and advantages are described herein, and will be apparent from the following Detailed Description and the figures. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         FIGS. 1A-1C  are diagrammatic views showing the structure of the battery described in the non-patent document 1. 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a battery pack according to one embodiment. 
         FIGS. 3A to 3C  are top views showing the structure of a battery pack according to one embodiment. 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view showing the structure of a battery element in a battery pack according to one embodiment. 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view showing the structure of a battery in a battery pack according to one embodiment. 
         FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a flexible laminated film in a battery pack according to one embodiment. 
         FIG. 7  is an exploded perspective view showing the structure of a battery in a battery pack according to one embodiment. 
         FIGS. 8A and 8B  are perspective views showing the structure of a battery in a battery pack according to one embodiment. 
         FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a rigid laminated film in a battery pack according to one embodiment. 
         FIGS. 10A and 10B  are perspective and cross-sectional views showing the structure of a battery assembly in a battery pack according to one embodiment. 
         FIGS. 11A and 11B  are perspective and cross-sectional views showing the structure of a battery assembly in a battery pack according to one embodiment. 
         FIGS. 12A and 12B  are perspective and cross-sectional views showing the structure of a battery assembly in a battery pack according to one embodiment. 
         FIGS. 13A and 13B  are perspective and cross-sectional views showing the structure of a battery assembly in a battery pack according to one embodiment. 
         FIGS. 14A and 14B  are perspective and cross-sectional views showing the structure of a battery assembly in a battery pack according to one embodiment. 
         FIGS. 15A and 15B  are perspective and cross-sectional views showing the structure of a battery assembly in a battery pack according to one embodiment. 
         FIG. 16  is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the structure of a rigid laminated film. 
         FIG. 17  is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the structure of a rigid laminated film. 
         FIG. 18  is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a rigid laminated film in a battery pack according to another embodiment. 
         FIGS. 19A to 19C  are top and side views showing a battery pack according to another embodiment. 
         FIGS. 20A and 20B  are cross-sectional views showing a battery pack according to another embodiment. 
         FIGS. 21A and 21B  are cross-sectional views showing a battery pack according to still another embodiment, which is being produced. 
         FIGS. 22A and 22B  are cross-sectional views showing a battery pack according to still further another embodiment, which is being produced. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     An embodiment of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the present specification, with respect to the concentration, content, amount, and others, “%” is given by weight unless otherwise specified. 
     First Embodiment 
     In the present embodiment, a casing member in which a rigid laminated film having a four-layer structure is used is described. 
       FIG. 2  shows the external view of a battery pack for lithium-ion polymer secondary battery, which is a battery pack according to one embodiment. The battery pack  40  has a lithium-ion polymer battery, which is an example of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, contained in a rigid laminated film  41  as a rigid covering member, and a top cover  42  and a rear cover  43  which are resin molded covers fitted to openings at the both ends of the battery pack, and optionally has a product label  46 . 
     In the first embodiment and the second embodiment described later, “battery” refers to a battery element covered with a flexible laminated film which is a flexible covering member, “battery assembly” refers to a battery covered with the rigid laminated film  41 , and “battery pack” refers to one having the structure shown in  FIG. 2 , obtained by connecting a circuit board to the battery assembly and fitting thereto the top cover  42  and rear cover  43 . 
       FIGS. 3A to 3C  show the structure of the battery pack  40 . The battery pack  40  includes a battery  50  including a battery element covered with a flexible laminated film, a circuit board  44 , a top cover  42 , and a rear cover  43 , wherein the battery  50  is covered with a rigid laminated film  41 . 
     The top cover  42  is a resin molded cover which is provided at a top portion from which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are extended, and which is fitted to the opening of the battery assembly. The rear cover  43  is a resin molded cover which is provided at a bottom portion of the battery and fitted to the opening of the battery assembly  45 . 
     The top cover  42  and rear cover  43  are fitted to the respective openings of the battery assembly  45  and then bonded with the battery assembly  45  by heat sealing or the like. The top cover  42  is formed of an upper holder  42   a  and a lower holder  42   b  fitted to each other, and the circuit board  44  is disposed between the upper holder  42   a  and the lower holder  42   b.    
     The circuit board  44  has a protection circuit mounted in advance thereon, and the protection circuit is connected by resistance welding, ultrasonic welding, or the like to the positive electrode terminal and negative electrode terminal extended from the battery  50 . The protection circuit has a temperature protection element such as a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) element or a thermistor so as to cut off the current circuit in the battery if the battery becomes high-temperature. 
     The battery pack  40  includes a terminal for connection with an electric device (not shown). The top cover  42  is provided with a terminal window through which the terminal for connection with the electric device is exposed. 
     Next, the battery element is described. 
       FIG. 4  shows the structure of a battery element  59  used in the battery assembly  45 . 
     The battery element  59  includes a strip positive electrode  51 , a separator  53   a , a strip negative electrode  52  disposed opposite the positive electrode  51 , and a separator  53   b , which are stacked successively and spirally wound together in the longitudinal direction, and a gel electrolyte (not shown) is applied to both sides of the positive electrode  51  and negative electrode  52 . 
     A positive electrode terminal  55   a  connected to the positive electrode  51  and a negative electrode terminal  55   b  connected to the negative electrode  52  are extended from the battery element  59 , and both sides of each of the positive electrode terminal  55   a  and the negative electrode terminal  55   b  are covered with resin pieces  56   a  and  56   b , respectively, to improve the bonding properties with the laminated film for covering. When an electrolyte solution is used, an electrolyte solution injection step is subsequently provided. 
     Materials constituting the battery element  59  are described below in detail. 
     Positive Electrode 
     The positive electrode  51  includes a cathode active material layer  51   a  including a cathode active material and being formed on both sides of a cathode current collector  51   b . The cathode current collector  51   b  is composed of a metallic foil, such as an aluminum (Al) foil. 
     The cathode active material layer  51   a  includes, for example, a cathode active material, a conductor, and a binder. These components are intimately mixed with one another to prepare a positive electrode composition, and the positive electrode composition is dispersed in a solvent to form a slurry. Then, the slurry is uniformly applied to the cathode current collector  51   b  by a doctor blade method or the like, and dried at a high temperature so that the solvent is volatized to form a cathode active material layer. 
     With respect to the amounts of the cathode active material, conductor, binder, and solvent, there is no particular limitation as long as they are uniformly dispersed. 
     As the cathode active material, a composite oxide of lithium and a transition metal, representatively, LiXMO 2  (wherein M represents at least one transition metal, and x varies depending on the charged or discharged state of the battery, and is generally 0.05 to 1.10) is used. As a transition metal constituting the lithium composite oxide, cobalt (Co), Ni, manganese (Mn), or the like is used. 
     Specific examples of the lithium composite oxides include LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , and LiNi y CO 1-y O 2  (0&lt;y&lt;1). 
     A solid solution obtained by replacing part of the transition metal element in the lithium composite oxide by another element may be used. Examples of the solid solutions include LiNi 0.5 Co 0.5 O 2  and LiNi 0.8 Co 0.2 O 2 . These lithium composite oxides can generate high voltage and have excellent energy density. Alternatively, as the cathode active material, a metal sulfide or oxide containing no lithium, such as TiS 2 , MoS 2 , NbSe 2 , or V 2 O 5 , may be used. 
     As a conductor, a carbon material, such as carbon black or graphite, is used. As a binder, for example, polyvinylinde di-fluoride, or polytetrafluoroethylene is used. As a solvent, for example, N-methylpyrrolidone is used. 
     The positive electrode  51  has a positive electrode terminal  55   a  connected to one end of the current collector by spot welding or ultrasonic welding. The positive electrode terminal  55   a  is desirably composed of a metallic foil or mesh, but the terminal may be composed of a material other than a metal as long as the material is electrochemically and chemically stable and can achieve electrical conduction. 
     An example of a material for the positive electrode terminal  55   a  is Al. 
     Negative Electrode 
     The negative electrode  52  includes an anode active material layer  52   a  including an anode active material and being formed on both sides of an anode current collector  52   b . The anode current collector  52   b  is composed of a metallic foil, such as a copper (Cu) foil, a Ni foil, or a stainless steel foil. 
     The anode active material layer  52   a  includes, for example, an anode active material, and optionally a conductor and a binder. These components are intimately mixed with one another to prepare a negative electrode composition, and the negative electrode composition is dispersed in a solvent to form a slurry. Then, the slurry is uniformly applied to the anode current collector  52   b  by a doctor blade method or the like, and dried at a high temperature so that the solvent is vaporized to form an anode active material layer  52   a . With respect to the amounts of the anode active material, conductor, binder, and solvent, there is no particular limitation as long as they are uniformly dispersed. 
     As the anode active material, lithium metal, a lithium alloy, a carbon material capable of being doped with lithium and dedoped, or a composite material of a metal material and a carbon material is used. 
     Specific examples of carbon materials capable of being doped with lithium and dedoped include graphite, hardly graphitizable carbon, and easily graphitizable carbon. More specifically, a carbon material, such as pyrolytic carbon, coke (pitch coke, needle coke, or petroleum coke), graphite, glassy carbon, a calcined product of an organic polymer compound (obtained by carbonizing a phenolic resin, a furan resin, or the like by calcination at an appropriate temperature), carbon fiber, or activated carbon, can be used. Further, as a material capable of being doped with lithium and dedoped, a polymer, such as polyacetylene or polypyrrole, or an oxide, such as SnO 2 , may be used. 
     As a material capable of being alloyed with lithium, various types of metals may be used, but tin (Sn), cobalt (Co), indium (In), Al, silicon (Si), or an alloy thereof is generally used. When using metallic lithium, it is not always necessary to mix lithium powder with a binder to form a coating film, and a rolled Li metallic sheet may be used. 
     As a binder, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride or a styrene-butadiene rubber is used. As a solvent, for example, N-methylpyrrolidone or methyl ethyl ketone is used. 
     Like the positive electrode  51 , the negative electrode  52  has a negative electrode terminal  55   b  connected to one end of the anode current collector  52   b  by spot welding or ultrasonic welding. The negative electrode terminal  52   b  is desirably composed of a metallic foil or mesh, but the terminal may be composed of a material other than a metal as long as the material is electrochemically and chemically stable and can achieve electrical conduction. An example of materials for the negative electrode terminal  52   b  is copper and Ni. 
     It is preferred that the positive electrode terminal  55   a  and the negative electrode terminal  55   b  are extended from the same side, but they may be extended from any sides as long as short-circuiting or the like does not occur and there is no adverse effect on the battery performance. With respect to the connecting portion between the positive electrode terminal  55   a  and negative electrode terminal  55   b , the connecting position and the method for connecting are not limited to the examples described above as long as electrical contact can be made. 
     Electrolyte 
     In the electrolyte, i.e., non-aqueous electrolyte composition, an electrolyte salt and a non-aqueous solvent generally used in lithium-ion battery may be used. 
     Specific examples of non-aqueous solvents include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), γ-butyrolactone, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, and solvents obtained by replacing the hydrogen in the above carbonates by a halogen. 
     These solvents may be used individually or in combination. 
     As the electrolyte salt, one which is soluble in the above non-aqueous solvent is used, and it includes a combination of a cation and an anion. As a cation, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal is used. As an anion, Cl − , Br − , I − , SCN − , ClO 4   − , BF 4   − , PF 6   − , CF 3 SO 3   − , or the like is used. 
     Specific examples of electrolyte salts include LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , and LiClO 4 . With respect to the electrolyte salt concentration, there is no particular limitation as long as the electrolyte salt can be dissolved in the above solvent, but it is preferred that the lithium ion concentration is in the range of from 0.4 to 2.0 mol/kg, with respect to the non-aqueous solvent. 
     When using a gel electrolyte, a gel electrolyte is obtained by gelling an electrolyte solution mixture of a nonaqueous electrolyte solvent and an electrolyte salt by a matrix polymer. 
     As the matrix polymer, there can be used any polymer which is compatible with a nonaqueous electrolyte solution including an electrolyte salt dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent and which can gel the electrolyte solution. 
     Examples of the matrix polymers include polymers comprising polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, or polymethacrylonitrile in repeating units. These polymers may be used individually or in combination 
     Separator 
     The separator is formed of a porous film made of a polyolefin material, such as polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE), or a porous film made of an inorganic material, such as ceramic nonwoven fabric, and may be composed of two or more porous films into a laminated structure. Of these, a polyethylene or polypropylene porous film may be more effective. 
     Generally, the usable separator preferably has a thickness of 5 to 50 μm, more preferably 7 to 30 μm. If the separator thickness is too large, the ratio of the active material to the separator is reduced to lower the battery capacity, and further the ion conduction properties become poor, so that the current properties become poor. On the other hand, if the separator thickness is too small, the film of separator is reduced in mechanical strength. 
     Fabrication of Battery 
     The gel electrolyte solution prepared as described above is uniformly applied to the positive electrode  51  and negative electrode  52  so that the cathode active material layer  51   a  and anode active material layer  52   a  are impregnated with the electrolyte solution, and then kept at room temperature or subjected to drying process to form gel electrolyte layers. Then, the positive electrode  51 , the separator  53   a , the negative electrode  52 , and the separator  53   b  are stacked successively in this order and spirally wound together to form a battery element  59  by using the positive electrode  51  and negative electrode  52  each having a gel electrolyte layer formed thereon. 
     Then, the battery element  59  is covered with a flexible laminated film  57  and the laminated film is shaped to form a battery  50  shown in  FIG. 5 . 
     As the flexible laminated film  57 , a laminated film having the structure shown in  FIG. 6  is used. The flexible laminated film  57  is composed of a multilayer film having a moisture resistance and insulation properties, and including a metallic foil designated by reference numeral  61  sandwiched between an outer covering layer  62  composed of a resin film and a heat-bonding layer (hereinafter, frequently referred to as “sealant layer”)  63  composed of a resin film. 
     With respect to the thickness of each of the outer covering layer  62 , the metallic foil  61 , and the sealant layer  63 , there is no particular limitation, but the thicknesses of the outer covering layer, metallic foil, and sealant layer are respectively about 15 μm, about 35 μm, and about 30 μm. 
     The metallic foil  61  improves the casing member in strength, and further has the main role in preventing moisture, oxygen, or light from going into the battery to protect the contents, and stainless steel, iron plated with nickel, or the like is appropriately selected and used as a material for the metallic foil. From the viewpoint of reduced weight, excellent stretchability, low cost, and excellent workability, aluminum (Al) is more preferred, and the used of aluminum such as 8021O or 8079O may be preferred. 
     The metallic foil  61  and the outer covering layer  62 , and the metallic foil  61  and the sealant layer  63  are individually bonded through bonding agent layers  64  and  65 , respectively. 
     When the outer covering layer  62  or sealant layer  63  has heat bonding properties with the metal or an under coat layer which can be heat-bonded with the outer covering layer  62  or sealant layer  63  is formed on the surface of the metal, the bonding agent layer  64  can be omitted. 
     In the outer covering layer  62 , for achieving good appearance, toughness, heat resistance, flexibility, and the like, polyolefin, polyamide, polyimide, or polyester, specifically, nylon (Ny), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) is used, and these materials may be used in combination. 
     The sealant layer  63  is a portion to be fused due to heat or ultrasonic waves, and polyethylene (PE), cast polyethylene (CPE), cast polypropylene (CPP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), nylon (Ny), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), or linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) may be used, and these materials may be used in combination. 
     General constituents of the laminated film are as follows: outer covering layer/metallic foil/sealant layer=Ny/Al/CPP. Instead of this combination, another combination shown below of general constituents of the laminated film may be used. 
     Specifically, outer covering layer/metallic foil/sealant layer=Ny/Al/PE, PET/Al/CPP, PET/Al/PET/CPP, PET/Ny/Al/CPP, PET/Ny/Al/Ny/CPP, PET/Ny/Al/Ny/PE, Ny/PE/Al/LLDPE, PET/PE/Al/PET/LDPE, or PET/Ny/Al/LDPE/CPP. As the metallic foil, a metal other than Al may be used. 
     As shown in  FIG. 7 , a recessed portion  57   a  is formed in the flexible laminated film  57  by deep-drawing, and the battery element  59  is housed in the recessed portion  57   a , and then the opening of the recessed portion  57   a  is covered with the flexible laminated film  57 . 
     Next, three sides of the flexible laminated film around the battery element  59  are heat-sealed under a reduced pressure to form a battery  50 . In the heat sealing under a reduced pressure, the battery element  59  adheres to the flexible laminated film  57 . 
     In a battery using an electrolyte solution, an electrolyte solution is injected at this time. Two sides of the flexible laminated film around the battery element are first heat-sealed, and then an electrolyte solution in a predetermined amount is injected through the remaining opening side, and finally the opening is heat-sealed to obtain a battery. 
     In the battery  50 , considering the subsequent steps in the production, unnecessary portions of the top portion may be removed by trimming. As shown in  FIGS. 8A and 8B , by trimming along the dotted lines designated by reference character P, for example, interference between the top cover and the flexible laminated film can be reduced. 
     Fabrication of Battery Assembly 
     The above-prepared battery is covered with a rigid laminated film to form a battery assembly. First, the structure of the rigid laminated film is described. 
     As shown in  FIG. 9 , the rigid laminated film  41  is composed of a multilayer film having a moisture resistance and insulation properties, including a metallic foil designated by reference numeral  71  sandwiched between an outer covering layer  72  composed of a resin film and a sealant layer  73  composed of a resin film, and having a bonding layer  74  under the sealant layer  73 . In the present embodiment, the sealant layer  73  and bonding layer  74  together form a heat-bonding layer  79  (composite bonding layer) having heat bonding properties with nylon or the like. 
     In the rigid laminated film  41 , with respect to the thickness of each of the outer covering layer  72 , the metallic foil  71 , and the heat-bonding layer (sealant layer  73 +bonding layer  74 ), there is no particular limitation, but the thicknesses are respectively 115 μm or less, 330 μm or less, about 25 to 50 μm (sealant layer), and about 1 to 5 μm (bonding layer). 
     For securing strength, a rigid (hard) material is used, and the reason that the thickness of the outer covering layer  72  is 115 μm or less and the thickness of the metallic foil  71  is 330 μm or less resides in that the increase of the resistance of thermal conduction is prevented. 
     In the metallic foil  71 , a hard metal material is used, and aluminum, stainless steel, copper, titanium, tinplate, galvanized steel, iron plated with nickel, or the like is appropriately selected and used as a material. Of these, aluminum (Al) or stainless steel (SUS) is preferable, and the used of aluminum such as 3003-H18, 3004-H18, and 1N30-H18, or stainless steel such as SUS304 and SUS430, is especially preferable. 
     In the outer covering layer  72 , for achieving good appearance, toughness, heat resistance, flexibility, and the like, nylon (Ny), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) is used, and these materials may be used in combination. 
     The sealant layer  73  is a portion to be fused due to heat or ultrasonic waves, and polyethylene (PE), cast polypropylene (CPP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), nylon (Ny), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), or linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) may be used, and these materials may be used in combination. 
     The heat-bonding layer  74  bonds the battery  50  covered with the flexible laminated film  57  with the rigid laminated film  41  without using a separate bonding member. 
     Regarding the heat-bonding layer  74 , a resin material having excellent bonding properties with Ny, PET, PEN, or the like used in the outer covering layer of the flexible laminated film  57  and having a melting temperature which does not adversely affect the battery element is used. Further, the resin material used in the heat-bonding layer  74  has a melting temperature lower than that of the material used in the sealant layer  73 . 
     Specifically, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, an ethyl acrylate copolymer, a methyl acrylate copolymer, a methacrylic acid copolymer, a methyl methacrylate copolymer, polyacrylonitrile, an ethylene-vinyl alcohol resin, a polyamide resin, a polyester resin, acid-modified polypropylene, or an ionomer may be used, and these materials may be used in combination. These materials may be used as a hot-melt adhesive or film or a weathering-resistant adhesive. 
     The sealant layer  73  serves as a sealing layer in the subsequent heat sealing of the top cover  42  and rear cover  43 . Accordingly, a resin material having excellent bonding properties with the top cover  42  and rear cover  43  is selected. In addition, the sealant layer exhibits a cushioning effect in bonding the rigid laminated film  41  with the battery  50 . 
     Specifically, in heat sealing the flexible laminated film  57  as a casing member for the battery  50  with the rigid laminated film  41  through the heat-bonding layer  74 , there is a possibility that they are not satisfactorily bonded together due to the finely uneven surfaces of the individual laminated films. When the sealant layer  73  having a thickness of about 25 to 50 μm is formed, the sealant layer  73  exhibits a cushioning effect, so that the laminated films having finely uneven surfaces can be well bonded together. 
     The bonding state between the flexible covering member and the rigid covering member, which is the characteristic feature of embodiments resides, is described. 
     As described above, in the battery pack of embodiments, the flexible covering member and the rigid covering member are bonded by melting the bonding layer of the rigid covering member without melting the outer covering layer of the flexible covering member. 
     Specifically, the flexible laminated film  57  and the rigid laminated film  41  are bonded together, but the outer covering layer  62  of the flexible laminated film  57  is not melted and the heat-bonding layer  76  (sealant layer  73 +bonding layer  74 ) of the rigid laminated film  41  is melted. 
     By achieving such a bonding state, the battery pack has the following advantages. The battery pack has strength such that, when the battery pack suffers an impact/shock of drop or the like and excess peel stresses are exerted on the portion between the rigid laminated film  57  and the flexible laminated film  41 , the flexible laminated film  41  is stretched and the rigid laminated film  57  is removed before a pinhole or breakage is caused. Further, if small stresses are exerted on the laminated films, the rigid laminated film  57  is unified with the battery element due to atmospheric pressure and stretch strength of the flexible laminated film  41 , so that the battery pack can resist against deformation. 
     As a result, the battery pack of embodiments has appropriate strength. Specifically, when the battery pack suffers an impact/shock of drop such that the flexible covering member is not damaged, no defect is caused in the external view of the pack, which indicates that the battery pack can be subsequently used. Further, when the battery pack suffers an impact/shock of drop such that the flexible covering member is damaged, the rigid casing is first peeled or removed, which indicates that the battery pack cannot be used any more. Accordingly, the battery pack can prevent the occurrence of gas generation due to breakage of the flexible casing or battery expansion which possibly damages an electronic device. 
     Next, the relationship between the flexible covering member and the rigid covering member for achieving the above-mentioned state of bonding and others are described. 
     To bond the same type of materials, the strength can generally be increased. To bond different type of materials, the strength level can be achieved at a predetermined level or lower. 
     Further, by selecting a material which is melted at a temperature lower than the melting temperature of a bonding subject as the heat-bonding layer and heating is conducted at a temperature at which the bonding subject is not melted, the bonding strength can be controlled to be at a predetermined level or lower. 
     In an embodiment, by using these techniques in combination, basically, a material having a heat resistance, e.g., nylon is used in the outer covering layer of the flexible covering member, and a material which is different from nylon and which is melted at a temperature at which nylon is not melted to exhibit bonding properties, e.g., cast polypropylene or EVA is used in the heat-bonding layer of the rigid covering member, thus achieving strength of the battery pack such that, as described above, if excess peel stresses are exerted on the laminated films upon drop of the battery pack or the like, the laminated film of the flexible covering member is stretched and the rigid covering member is removed before a pinhole or breakage is caused. 
     Thus, in an embodiment, it is preferred that the outer covering layer of the flexible covering member is composed of a material which is different from the material for the heat-bonding layer of the rigid covering member, and which includes solely or a combination of at least one oriented resin material selected from the group consisting of polyolefin, polyamide, polyimide, and polyester. 
     When different materials are melted or only one material is melted, there is a tendency that a difference between the temperature at which bonding starts and the temperature at which the both materials are melted becomes smaller. The reason for this is that the battery itself is a heat sink and continues taking heat and hence it is difficult to keep the temperature of the melted heat-bonding layer constant. 
     This similarly occurs when the temperature of a heater is controlled in the production of the battery pack. 
     For keeping the temperature of the sealing interface ideal during the bonding, heat transfer between the heating portion and the sealing interface is required to be satisfactorily fast, and heat transfer of the inside of the interface is preferably slow to some extent to facilitate heat storage. 
     In an embodiment, it is preferred that the outer covering layer and metal layer stacked together in the rigid covering member have a thermal conductivity of 1,000 Wm −2 K −1  or more per area. In this case, satisfactory heat can be supplied to the heat-bonding layer. 
     With respect to the heat source used in bonding, specifically, heat sealing, by disposing a material having a thermal conductivity of 1 or less on the battery element side of the sealing interface, i.e., the interface between the heat-bonding layer of the rigid covering member and the outer covering layer of the flexible covering member, the temperature of the sealing interface can be kept constant. 
     Particularly, the outer covering layer of the rigid covering member has poor thermal conduction, and therefore, it is desired to select a combination of the outer covering layer having a thermal conductivity of 1,050 Wm −2 K −1  or more per area and having a thickness of 100 μm or less and the hard metal layer having a thermal conductivity of 50,000 Wm −2 K −1  or more per area and having a thickness of 330 μm or less. 
     Thus, in an embodiment, as a material constituting the outer covering layer of the rigid covering member, polyamide (e.g., oriented nylon 6), polyester (e.g., polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, or polyethylene naphthalate), polyolefin (e.g., oriented polypropylene or oriented polyethylene), or the like is preferably used. 
     When the outer covering layer of the flexible covering member has a thermal conductivity of 1 or less on the battery element side of the sealing interface, heat amount of the sealing interface is easier to control. Further, it is preferred that a material having a melting temperature higher than the heat-bonding temperature of the rigid covering member is selected for the outer covering layer of the flexible covering member. 
     As a material constituting the outer covering layer of the flexible covering member, polyamide (e.g., oriented nylon 6), polyester (e.g., polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, or polyethylene naphthalate), or polyolefin (e.g., oriented polypropylene or oriented polyethylene) is preferred. 
     By selecting the materials as described above, in embodiments, the contact or integration of the flexible covering member and the rigid covering member or a composite layer thereof can be achieved. 
     The production of a battery assembly is described again with reference to the drawings. The casing member composed of the rigid laminated film  41  described above is bonded with the battery  50 . 
     First, as shown in  FIG. 10A , the rigid laminated film  41  is folded so that the battery  50  is wrapped in the rigid laminated film and the ends of the rigid laminated film  41  are touching on the top surface of the battery  50 . 
     Then, heater blocks are put on the top surface and bottom surface of the battery  50  to heat the surfaces at such a temperature that the resin material for the heat-bonding layer  74  is melted while applying a pressure. The resin material is melted and serves as a bonding agent to bond the rigid laminated film  41  with the battery  50 . In this instance, the heating is controlled so that the outer covering layer  62  of the flexible laminated film  57  is not melted, thus forming a battery assembly  45  having a cross-section shown in  FIG. 10B . 
     The temperature of the heater block varies depending on the type of resin material for the heat-bonding layer  74 , but it is a temperature which is equal to or higher than the melting temperature of the resin material for the heat-bonding layer and which is lower than the melting temperature of the material constituting the outer covering layer  62  of the flexible laminated film  57 . By selecting a temperature in this range, the rigid laminated film can be bonded with the battery without melting the resin material constituting the outer covering layer  62  of the flexible laminated film  57 . 
     The rigid laminated film can be joined to or bonded with the battery using an adhesive or the like, but the joint using heat achieves higher resistance to peel stress continuously applied. 
     The heating temperature of higher than 120° C. seems to adversely affect the battery element. 
     For example, polyethylene (PE) is frequently used in the separator for battery element. The heating temperature of higher than 120° C. possibly lowers the safety or battery functions since PE has a melting temperature of about 120° C. Thus, it is desired that the upper limit of the temperature of the heater block used for heating is about 110° C. 
     As described above, in an embodiment, the battery element  59  is sealed in the flexible laminated film  57  during deaeration, so that the electrodes and the separator are fixed to one another due to atmospheric pressure, causing the whole of the battery element  59  to be a unified structure. 
     Further, the electrodes and separator are joined through a solid non-aqueous electrolyte, and hence the structure has a resistance to drop impact/shock, for example, a phenomenon in which the wound layers or stacked layers in the battery element separate is unlikely to occur. 
     The device components are sealed while conducting deaeration and hence the flexible laminated film  57  is closely fixed to the battery element  59  due to atmospheric pressure, so that the resultant structure has a higher resistance to external stresses than that of the individual unfixed components. 
     Further, in an embodiment, the flexible laminated film and the rigid laminated film can be joined together with bonding strength larger than atmospheric pressure, and the joint of them is stronger than atmospheric pressure. Accordingly, under conditions such that a peel load for peeling the flexible laminated film off the battery element is not exerted on the rigid laminated film, the rigid laminated film is unified with the flexible laminated film and battery element by atmospheric pressure and functions as a battery pack housing having a resistance to buckling caused in short drop or the like. 
     Instead of the structure shown in  FIG. 10 , the rigid laminated film may have any one of the structures shown in  FIGS. 11 to 15 . 
     In these structures, similarly, the heat-bonding layer  74  of the rigid laminated film is melted and the outer covering layer  62  of the flexible laminated film is not melted. 
       FIGS. 11A and 11B  show a structure of the battery assembly  45  in which the rigid laminated film  41  covers the bottom surface portion of the battery  50  and the joint line of the ends of the rigid laminated film  41  is positioned on the top surface portion of the battery assembly  45 . The battery assembly shown in  FIG. 10  is shaped so that the cross-section has a rounded side portion, whereas the battery assembly shown in  FIG. 11  has a cross-section of a substantially rectangular form. 
       FIGS. 12A and 12B  show a structure of the battery assembly  45  in which the rigid laminated film  41  covers one side portion of the battery  50  and the joint line of the ends of the rigid laminated film  41  is positioned on another side portion of the battery assembly  45 . 
       FIGS. 13A and 13B  show a structure of the battery assembly  45  in which two rigid laminated films  41  respectively cover both side portions of the battery  50  and the joint lines of the ends of the rigid laminated films  41  are respectively positioned on the top surface portion and bottom surface portion of the battery assembly  45 . 
       FIG. 14A  and  FIG. 14B  show a structure of the battery assembly  45  in which two rigid laminated films  41  respectively cover the top surface portion and bottom surface portion of the battery  50  and the joint lines of the ends of the rigid laminated films  41  are respectively positioned on both side portions of the battery assembly  45 . 
       FIGS. 15A and 15B  show a structure of the battery assembly  45  in which the rigid laminated film  41  is folded to cover the bottom portion of the battery  50 .  FIG. 15B  is a cross-sectional view as viewed from the side of the battery assembly  45 . 
     Fabrication of Battery Pack 
     Subsequently, the circuit board  44  is connected to the positive electrode terminal  55   a  and negative electrode terminal  55   b  (see  FIG. 3 ). 
     The positive electrode terminal  55   a  and negative electrode terminal  55   b  extended from the top portion of the battery assembly  45  molded into a predetermined shape are welded to a protection circuit previously mounted on the circuit board  44  by resistance welding, ultrasonic welding, or the like. 
     The circuit board  44  connected to the battery element  59  is inserted into a top cover  42  including an upper holder  42   a  and a lower holder  42   b  which are molded in advance and fitted to each other. 
     The circuit board  44  is mounted thereon a protection circuit including a temperature protection element such as a fuse, a PTC, or a thermistor, an ID for identifying the battery pack, and a resistor, and is further formed a plurality of contact portions, to form the circuit board. The protection circuit is also used to a protection circuit including an IC for monitoring the secondary battery and controlling a field effect transistor (FET), and a protection circuit including a charge-discharge control FET are used. 
     The PTC element is connected to the battery element in series. If the temperature of the battery is higher than the preset temperature, the PTC element rapidly increases in electrical resistance to substantially cut off the electric current flowing the battery. The fuse or thermistor is also connected to the battery element in series. If the temperature of the battery is higher than the preset temperature, it cuts off the electric current flowing the battery. 
     Overcharging, for example, exceeding 4.3 to 4.4 V of the secondary battery terminal voltage, may result in heating or ignition of the battery. Thus, the protection circuit including an IC for monitoring the secondary battery and controlling the FET and a charge-discharge control FET monitors the voltage of the secondary battery and switches off the charge control FET to cut-off charging when exceeding 4.3 to 4.4 V. 
     Further, if the secondary battery is over-discharged until the terminal voltage of the secondary battery becomes the discharge cut-off voltage or lower and the secondary battery voltage is 0 V, there is a possibility that the secondary battery suffers internal short-circuiting, making it impossible to recharge the battery. Thus, the protection circuit monitors the secondary battery voltage and switches off the discharge control FET to cut-off discharging when the voltage is lower than the discharge cut-off voltage. 
     The top and bottom of the circuit board  44  joined to the battery assembly  45  are covered with the upper holder  42   a  and lower holder  42   b  previously molded by injection molding, and the lower holder  42   b  is fitted to the upper holder  42   a , so that the circuit board is housed in the top cover  42 . 
     Then, the direction of the top cover  42  is changed so that the lower holder  42   b  is near the battery assembly  45 , and the top cover  42  is fitted to the opening in the top portion of the battery assembly  45  so that the positive electrode terminal  55   a  and negative electrode terminal  55   b  are bent in the battery assembly  45 . 
     Subsequently, the fitting portion of the top cover  42  and battery assembly  45  is heated by a heater head to heat-seal the top cover  42  and battery assembly  45 . When the top cover  42  and the battery assembly  45  are heat-sealed, the temperature of the heater head is higher than the temperature in forming the battery assembly and equal to or higher than the melting temperature of the resin material for the sealant layer  73 , and the top cover  42  is not bonded with the heat-bonding layer  74  but with the sealant layer  73 . 
     The heat-bonding layer  74  heated at the time of bonding the rigid laminated film  41  and battery  50  is pushed by the top cover  42  upon fitting the top cover  42  and moved to the inside of the battery assembly  45 . 
     As described above, since a resin material having a melting temperature lower than that of the sealant layer  73  is used as the heat-bonding layer  74 , only the heat-bonding layer  74  is melted at the time of bonding the rigid laminated film  41  and battery  50 . Thus, the heat-bonding layer  74  is moved without moving the sealant layer  73  used for bonding the top cover  42 , making it possible to expose the sealant layer  73 . 
     When the top cover  42  and the battery assembly  45  are heat-sealed, a bonding agent or a warmed resin material (hot-melt resin) may be put into a space between the battery  50  and the top cover  42  as required. In this case, an inlet for bonding agent or hot-melt resin is previously formed in the top cover  42 . 
     The use of a bonding agent or hot-melt resin further improves the bonding properties of the battery assembly  45  with the top cover  42 . In the case of injecting a hot-melt resin, it is required that the circuit board  44  does not suffer deformation or damage due to heat. 
     Subsequently, the rear cover  43  is fitted to the bottom portion of the battery assembly  45 , and the fitting portion of the rear cover  43  and battery assembly  45  is heated by a heater head to heat-seal the rear cover  43  and battery assembly  45 . In this case, like the top cover  42 , the heat-bonding layer  74  is pushed by the rear cover  43  upon fitting the rear cover  43  and moved to the inside of the battery assembly  45 , so that the exposed sealant layer  73  and the rear cover  43  are bonded with each other. 
     In this instance, like the top cover  42 , a bonding agent or a hot-melt resin may be put into a space between the battery  50  and the rear cover  43  as required. Also in this case, an inlet for bonding agent or hot-melt resin is previously formed in the rear cover  43 . The steps for fitting and heat sealing the top cover  42  and rear cover  43  may be conducted simultaneously. 
     With respect to the rear cover  43 , a previously molded member can be used as described above. The rear cover also can be formed of a method in which the battery assembly  45  is placed in a mold and a hot-melt resin is put into the bottom portion of the mold and molded together with the battery assembly  45  into a unified shape. 
     When a resin material having good bonding properties with the top cover  42  and rear cover  43  is formed as the sealant layer  73  on the inner side of the metallic foil  71  and further the heat-bonding layer  74  using a resin material having good bonding properties with the outer covering layer  62  of the flexible laminated film  57  and having a melting temperature lower than that of the sealant layer  73  is formed on the inner side of the sealant layer  73  as described above, the battery  50  can be firmly bonded with the rigid laminated film  41  and the battery assembly  45  can be firmly bonded with the top cover  42  and rear cover  43 . Thus, the resultant battery pack  40  has a structure unlikely to suffer damage. 
     Finally, a product label is attached to cover the joint line of the ends of the rigid laminated film  41  caused on part of the battery pack  40 , thus obtaining a battery pack  40  shown in  FIG. 2 . The product label  46  is optionally attached to the battery pack. 
     Instead of the product label  46 , the rigid laminated film  41  can be subjected to printing, baking coating, or the like. For example, as shown in  FIG. 16 , a printing layer  77  on which desired patterns, characters, or the like are printed may be formed on the inner side (on the metallic foil side) of the outer covering layer  72  of the rigid laminated film  41  so that the printed patterns or characters may be seen through the outer covering layer  72 . 
     In this case, the inversed patterns or characters are printed. Alternatively, as shown in  FIG. 17 , a baking coat  78  may be formed using a laser or the like on the outer side of the metallic foil  71 . In this case, the rigid laminated film has a structure such that the outer covering layer  72  and the bonding layer for bonding the outer covering layer  72  with the metallic foil  71  are not formed and the metallic foil  71  having formed the baking coat  78  is exposed. 
     The battery pack  40  produced as described above can secure resistance against external shock. 
     By using a metal material such as a rigid laminated film as a casing, even when the battery having a laminated casing is penetrated with a nail, heat generation occurs only at the battery surface, and heat radiation is promoted. Accordingly heat generation in the battery can be prevented, thereby providing a safer battery pack. 
     Second Embodiment 
     In the second embodiment, a battery pack using a rigid laminated film having a three-layer structure as a casing member is described. 
     The pack structure of the battery pack according to an embodiment is similar to that in the first embodiment shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3 . Further, the battery element and battery are similar to those in the first embodiment, and thus the descriptions of them are omitted. 
     Fabrication of Battery Assembly 
     A battery  50  is covered with a rigid laminated film  80  having a three-layer structure shown in  FIG. 18  to fabricate a battery assembly. First, the structure of the rigid laminated film  80  is described. 
     As shown in  FIG. 18 , the rigid laminated film  80  in the second embodiment is composed of a multilayer film having a moisture resistance and insulation properties, and including a metallic foil designated by reference numeral  81  sandwiched between an outer covering layer  82  composed of a resin film and a heat-bonding layer  83 . 
     As materials for the metallic foil  81  and outer covering layer  82 , materials similar to those in the first embodiment can be used. 
     The heat-bonding layer  83  is used for bonding the battery  50  covered with the flexible laminated film  57  and the rigid laminated film  80  without using a separate member for bonding. 
     In the second embodiment, a material having good bonding properties with a resin used in the outer covering layer  62  of the battery  50  such as Ny, PET, or PEN, and with a resin used as a material for the top cover  42  and rear cover  43  such as PP, and having high reactivity is used in the heat-bonding layer  83 , and therefore a battery pack can be produced without the sealant layer  73  formed in the first embodiment. 
     With respect to the above material, specifically, acid-modified polypropylene, an ionomer resin, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, an ethyl acrylate copolymer, a methyl acrylate copolymer, a methacrylic acid copolymer, a methyl methacrylate copolymer, polyacrylonitrile, an ethylene-vinyl alcohol resin, polyamide, polyester, or the like can be used. Of these, especially preferred is acid-modified polypropylene, an ionomer resin, or an ethylene-vinyl alcohol resin. These materials may be used as a hot-melt adhesive or film or a weathering-resistant adhesive. 
     In the rigid laminated film  80  in the second embodiment, the heat-bonding layer  83  has a thickness of about 25 to 50 μm. The metallic foil  81  and outer covering layer  82  may individually have thicknesses equivalent to those in the first embodiment. In the rigid laminated film  41  in the first embodiment, the heat-bonding layer  74  has a thickness of 1 to 5 μm, but, in the second embodiment, the heat-bonding layer  83  has a larger thickness and hence, the heat-bonding layer  83  itself exhibits a cushioning effect to improve the bonding properties. 
     The casing member formed of the rigid laminated film  80  is bonded with the battery  50 . Like the first embodiment, the rigid laminated film  80  is folded so that the battery  50  is wrapped in the rigid laminated film to touch the end of the rigid laminated film  80  at the top surface of the battery  50 . 
     Then, heater blocks are put on the top surface and bottom surface of the battery  50  to heat the surfaces at such a temperature that the resin material for the heat-bonding layer  83  is melted while applying a pressure. The resin material is melted and serves as a bonding agent to bond the rigid laminated film  80  with the battery  50 . When the rigid laminated film  80  and the battery  50  are adhered, the outer covering layer  62  of the flexible laminated film is subjected to a process so as not to melt, thus forming a battery assembly  45 , as in the case of the first embodiment. 
     The temperature of the heater block varies depending on the type of resin material for the heat-bonding layer, but it may be equal to or higher than the melting temperature of the resin material for the heat-bonding layer  83 . The heating temperature of higher than 120° C. is considered to adversely affect the battery element  59 . From this point of view, it is desired that the upper limit of the temperature of the heater block used for heating is about 110° C. 
     Fabrication of Battery Pack 
     Next, the circuit board  44  is connected to the positive electrode terminal  55   a  and negative electrode terminal  55   b . A method for connecting the positive electrode terminal  55   a  and negative electrode terminal  55   b  to the circuit board  44  is the same as that in the first embodiment, and therefore the descriptions are omitted. 
     The top cover  42  containing therein the circuit board  44  is fitted to the opening of the battery assembly  45  on the top side. Then, the fitting portion of the top cover  42  is heated by a heater head to heat-seal the top cover  42  and battery assembly  45 . 
     In the present embodiment, as the resin material for the heat-bonding layer  83 , a resin material having good bonding properties with the top cover  42  and rear cover  43  is used, and therefore the top cover  42  is bonded with the heat-bonding layer  83 . In addition, like the top cover  42 , the rear cover  43  can be similarly bonded with the battery assembly  45 . 
     In this instance, a bonding agent or a warmed resin material (hot-melt resin) may be put into a space between the battery  50  and the top cover  42  as required. In this case, inlets for bonding agent or hot-melt resin are previously formed in the top cover and rear cover. The injection of a bonding agent or hot-melt resin further improves the bonding properties of the battery assembly  45  with the top cover  42  and rear cover  43 . In the case of injecting a hot-melt resin from the top cover  42 , it is required that the circuit board does not suffer deformation or damage due to heat. 
     With respect to the rear cover  43 , a previously molded member can be used as described above. Alternatively, the rear cover can be formed of a method in which the battery assembly  45  is placed in a mold and a hot-melt resin is put into the bottom portion of the mold and molded together with the battery assembly  45  into a unified shape. 
     Hereinabove, the battery pack  40  according to the second embodiment using the rigid laminated film  80  having a three-layer structure as a casing member is described. 
     There can be provided a battery pack having excellent effect of the battery pack according to the first embodiment exhibited upon the drop and the like. A safer battery pack having a secure resistance against external shock is provided by appropriately selecting a resin material used in the heat-bonding layer  83  and it has satisfactory moisture penetration resistance and heat release property even if a sealant layer is provided. 
     Third Embodiment 
       FIGS. 19A to 19C  show a battery pack according to another embodiment. 
       FIGS. 19A to 19C  and  FIGS. 20A and 20B  are diagrammatic views showing a battery in the battery pack according to another embodiment, which is in the process of fabrication. 
     In another embodiment, using a flexible laminated film  31  having a recessed portion  31   a  and a rigid laminated film  32 , a principal portion of a battery element, i.e., a portion of a battery element  35  constituting a hexahedron, excluding one principal surface, is covered with the flexible laminated film  31  so that the battery element  35  is housed in the recessed portion  31   a  (see  FIG. 20 ). 
     Then, the rigid laminated film  32  is positioned so that it covers the remaining portion of the battery element  35 , i.e., one principal surface of the battery element  35 , typically, the opening of the recessed portion  31   a , and the stacked flexible laminated film  31  and rigid laminated film  32  around the battery element  35  are sealed. In this instance, heat sealing under a reduced pressure is similar to that in the first embodiment, and the battery element  35  adheres to the flexible laminated film  31  and rigid laminated film  32  by the heat sealing under a reduced pressure. 
     As shown in  FIG. 20B , the rigid laminated film  32  and flexible laminated film  31  are shaped so that they cover the battery element  35 , but, in this embodiment, a heat-bonding resin tape  90  is prepared, and the tape  90  is disposed between the outer covering layer of the folded flexible laminated film  31  and the outer covering layer of the flexible laminated film  31  covering the battery element  35  and melted to bond together these flexible laminated films. 
     Simultaneously, the heat-bonding layer of the rigid laminated film  32  is melted and bonded with the heat-bonding layer of the folded flexible laminated film  31 . In this instance, the outer covering layer of the flexible laminated film  31  is subjected to a process so as not to melt, as in the case of the first embodiment. The heat-bonding resin tape  90  may have a substrate. 
     Then, a circuit board (not shown) and resin molded covers are provided to produce a battery pack having the rigid laminated film  32  as the outermost layer. The battery pack produced has not only good volume efficiency and high battery strength but also excellent effect of the battery pack according to the first embodiment exhibited upon the drop and the like. 
     Fourth Embodiment 
       FIGS. 21A and 21B  are cross-sectional views showing a battery pack according to still another embodiment, which is in the process of fabrication. 
     The battery pack according to the present embodiment has a structure similar to that of the battery pack according to the third embodiment, but the flexible laminated film  31  has both sides shorter than those in the third embodiment ( FIG. 21A ). 
     As in the case of the third embodiment, the laminated films around the battery element  35  are sealed, and then, as shown in  FIG. 21B , the rigid laminated film  32  and flexible laminated film  31  are shaped so that they cover the battery element  35 , but, in the present embodiment, a heat-bonding resin tape  90  is prepared, and the tape  90  is disposed between the outer covering layer of the folded rigid laminated film  32  and the outer covering layer of the flexible laminated film  31  covering the battery element  35  and melted to bond together these films. In this instance, the outer covering layer of the rigid laminated film  32  is melted while the outer covering layer of the flexible laminated film  31  is not melted, as in the case of the first embodiment. The heat-bonding resin tape  90  may have a substrate. 
     The battery pack according to the present embodiment has excellent effect of the battery pack according to the first embodiment exhibited upon the drop and the like. 
     In the present embodiment, instead of the heat-bonding resin tape  90 , a so-called adhesive double-faced tape can be used, and, in this case, bonding at low temperatures is possible. 
     Fifth Embodiment 
       FIGS. 22A and 22B  are cross-sectional views showing a battery pack according to still further another embodiment, which is in the process of fabrication. The battery pack according to the present embodiment has a structure similar to that of the battery pack according to the third embodiment, but the flexible laminated film  31  has both sides shorter than those in the third embodiment ( FIG. 22A ). 
     As in the case of the third embodiment, the laminated films around the battery element  35  are sealed, and then, as shown in  FIG. 22B , the rigid laminated film  32  and flexible laminated film  31  are shaped so that they cover the battery element  35 , but, in the present embodiment, the heat-bonding layer of the folded rigid laminated film  32  is melted and bonded with the outer covering layer of the flexible laminated film  31  covering the battery element  35 . In this instance, the rigid laminated film  32  is melted while the outer covering layer of the flexible laminated film  31  is not melted, as in the case of the first embodiment. 
     The battery pack according to the present embodiment has excellent effect of the battery pack according to the first embodiment exhibited upon the drop and the like. 
     In the present embodiment, an acryl ester, silicone, or latex adhesive can be used for bonding the outer covering layer of the folded rigid laminated film  32  and the outer covering layer of the flexible laminated film  31  covering the battery element  35 , and, in this case, bonding at low temperatures is possible. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Hereinbelow, the present application will be described in more detail with reference to the following Examples and Comparative Examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope thereof. 
     Examples 1-1 to 23-5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 
     Battery packs having structures and properties shown in Tables 1 to 4 below were individually prepared by the above-described procedure. With respect to each of the battery packs obtained, evaluations of performance shown below were conducted, and the results are shown in Tables 5 to 8. 
     (a) Drop Test 1 
     The battery packs in the Examples and Comparative Examples were individually dropped in an arbitrary position from a height of 1.5 m ten times, and then checked whether the battery pack was able to be fitted into a portable electronic device without any problems and was able to be charged and used without lowering of the functions. It is required that the battery pack have a design such that both the electricity generating elements and the casing are basically not damaged in the drop from that height and the resultant battery pack be subsequently usable as a battery pack. 
     (b) Drop Test 2 
     The battery packs in the Examples and Comparative Examples were individually dropped in an arbitrary position from a height of 10 m, and then checked that the battery pack was unable to be fitted into a portable electric device, the battery element was not damaged, and the battery casing was not damaged. 
     It is required that the battery have a design such that the battery is not damaged unless air goes into the battery from the outside, the casing is possibly damaged, and the pack housing absorbs the impact/shock to protect the device from the impact/shock. 
     In this test, a battery pack such that the battery pack was unable to be used and the battery body or battery casing was not damaged passed the test, and a battery pack such that the battery pack had no malfunctions and the battery body or battery casing was damaged did not pass the test. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Melting of 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Rigid covering 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 outer 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 member 
                   
                 Outer 
               
               
                   
                   
                 covering 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Outer covering 
                   
                 covering 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                 Melting 
                 layer of 
                 Outer covering layer 
                   
                   
                 Metal layer of 
                   
                   
                 layer + metal 
                   
                 layer of 
                 (Adhesion 
               
               
                   
                 of heat- 
                 flexible 
                 of rigid covering 
                   
                 Thermal 
                 rigid covering 
                   
                 Thermal 
                 layer 
                   
                 flexible 
                 of casing 
               
               
                   
                 bonding 
                 covering 
                 member 
                 Thickness 
                 conductivity 
                 member 
                 Thickness 
                 conductivity 
                 Thermal 
                   
                 covering 
                 and 
               
               
                   
                 layer 
                 member 
                 Material 
                 μm 
                 Wm −2 K −1   
                 Material 
                 μm 
                 Wm −2 K −1   
                 conductivity Wm −2 K −1   
                 Bonding layer 
                 member 
                 device) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Ex. 1-1 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,940 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 1-2 
                 Melted 
                 Not Melted 
                 polybutylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 1-3 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 naphthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 1-4 
                 Melted 
                 Not Melted 
                 Oriented nylon 6 
                 25 
                 8,400 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 8,369 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 1-5 
                 Melted 
                 Not Melted 
                 Oriented polyethylene 
                 25 
                 13,200 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 13,125 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 1-6 
                 Melted 
                 Not Melted 
                 Oriented 
                 25 
                 4,800 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 4,790 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 1-7 
                 Melted 
                 Not Melted 
                 None (Only protective 
                 2 
                 500,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 410,714 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 layer) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 2-1 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Copper 
                 100 
                 3,900,000 
                 49,367 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 2-2 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Iron 
                 100 
                 900,000 
                 47,368 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 2-3 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Nickel-plated iron 
                 100 
                 950,000 
                 47,500 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 2-4 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Nickel 
                 100 
                 1,000,000 
                 47,619 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 2-5 
                 Melted 
                 Not Melted 
                 polypropylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Tin-plated iron 
                 100 
                 850,000 
                 47,222 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 2-6 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Zinc-plated iron 
                 100 
                 1,000,000 
                 47,619 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 2-7 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Stainless steel 
                 100 
                 150,000 
                 37,500 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 3 
                 Melted 
                 Not Melted 
                 Oriented 
                 115 
                 1,043 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 1,043 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 4 
                 Melted 
                 Not Melted 
                 Oriented 
                 115 
                 1,043 
                 Stainless steel 
                 330 
                 45,455 
                 1,020 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 5-1 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Ethylene- 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acrylic acid 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer 
               
               
                 Ex. 5-2 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Ethyl 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acrylate 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer 
               
               
                 Ex. 5-3 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Methyl 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acrylate 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer 
               
               
                 Ex. 5-4 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Methacrylic 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acid 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer 
               
               
                 Ex. 5-5 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Methyl 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 methacrylate 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer 
               
               
                 Ex. 5-6 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Polyacrylonitrile 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
               
               
                 Ex. 5-7 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Ethylene- 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 vinyl alcohol 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 resin 
               
               
                 Ex. 5-8 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Polyamide 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 hot-melt 
               
               
                 Ex. 5-9 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Polyester 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 hot-melt 
               
               
                 Ex. 5-10 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Acid-modified 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                 Ex. 5-11 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Ionomer 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
               
               
                 Ex. 5-12 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,001 
                 48,936 
                 Adhesive 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 double coated 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 tape 
               
               
                 Ex. 6-1 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 EVA on 
                 Polyethylene 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                 terephthalate 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 6-2 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 EVA on 
                 Polybutylene 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                 terephthalate 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 6-3 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 EVA on 
                 Polyethylene 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                 naphthalate 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 6-4 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 EVA on 
                 Oriented 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 6-5 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 EVA on 
                 Oriented 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                 polyethylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Comp. 
                 Melted 
                 Melted 
                 polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,940 
                 Polyamide 
                 Heated 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                 Ex. 1 
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 hot-melt 
                 until 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 nylon is 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 melted 
               
               
                 Comp. 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,940 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 No Vacuum 
               
               
                 Ex. 2 
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (EVA: ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Melting of outer 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Whole 
                   
                 Outer 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 covering 
                 Resins in composite layer 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 composite 
                   
                 covering 
               
               
                   
                 Melting of 
                 layer of 
                 Outer covering layer 
                   
                   
                 Metal in 
                   
                   
                 layer 
                   
                 layer of 
               
               
                   
                 heat- 
                 flexible 
                 (hard)/Bonding layer/ 
                 Total 
                 Thermal 
                 composite 
                   
                 Thermal 
                 Thermal 
                   
                 flexible 
               
               
                   
                 bonding 
                 covering 
                 Outer covering layer (flexible) 
                 thickness 
                 conductivity 
                 layer 
                 Thickness 
                 conductivity 
                 conductivity 
                   
                 covering 
               
               
                   
                 layer 
                 member 
                 Material and thickness/μm 
                 μm 
                 Wm −2 K −1   
                 Material 
                 μm 
                 Wm −2 K −1   
                 Wm −2 K −1   
                 Adhesive tape 
                 member 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Ex. 7-1 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene terephthalate 12/ 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Aluminum 
                 135 
                 1,703,704 
                 1,688 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyethylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 7-2 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene terephthalate 12/ 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Aluminum 
                 135 
                 1,703,704 
                 1,688 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyethylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 7-3 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene naphthalate 12/ 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Aluminum 
                 135 
                 1,703,704 
                 1,688 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyethylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 7-4 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Nylon 15/Cast polypropylene 
                 90 
                 1,556 
                 Aluminum 
                 135 
                 1,703,704 
                 1,555 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 60/Nylon 15 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyethylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 7-5 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Oriented polyethylene 25/ 
                 100 
                 1,545 
                 Aluminum 
                 135 
                 1,703,704 
                 1,544 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyethylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 7-6 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Oriented polyethylene 25/ 
                 100 
                 1,282 
                 Aluminum 
                 135 
                 1,703,704 
                 1,281 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyethylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 8-1 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene terephthalate 12/ 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Copper 
                 135 
                 2,888,889 
                 1,689 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyethylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 8-2 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Iron 
                 135 
                 666,667 
                 1,686 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyethylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 8-3 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Nickel-plated 
                 135 
                 666,667 
                 1,686 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Iron 
                   
                   
                   
                 polyethylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 8-4 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Nickel 
                 135 
                 740,741 
                 1,686 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyethylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 8-5 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Tin-plated 
                 135 
                 629,630 
                 1,685 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 iron 
                   
                   
                   
                 polyethylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 8-6 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Zinc-plated 
                 135 
                 740,741 
                 1,686 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 iron 
                   
                   
                   
                 polyethylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 8-7 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Stainless 
                 135 
                 111,111 
                 1,665 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 steel 
                   
                   
                   
                 polyethylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 9 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Aluminum 
                 335 
                 686,567 
                 1,686 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyethylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 10-1 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Aluminum 
                 135 
                 1,703,704 
                 1,688 
                 Ethylene-acrylic 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acid copolymer 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 10-2 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Aluminum 
                 135 
                 1,703,704 
                 1,688 
                 Ethyl acrylate 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer 
               
               
                 Ex. 10-3 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Aluminum 
                 135 
                 1,703,704 
                 1,688 
                 Methyl acrylate 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer 
               
               
                 Ex. 10-4 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Aluminum 
                 135 
                 1,703,704 
                 1,688 
                 Methacrylic acid 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer 
               
               
                 Ex. 10-5 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Aluminum 
                 135 
                 1,703,704 
                 1,688 
                 Methyl 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 methacrylate 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer 
               
               
                 Ex. 10-6 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Aluminum 
                 135 
                 1,703,704 
                 1,688 
                 Polyacrylonitrile 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                 Ex. 10-7 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Aluminum 
                 135 
                 1,703,704 
                 1,688 
                 Eethylene-vinyl 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 alcohol resin 
               
               
                 Ex. 10-8 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Aluminum 
                 135 
                 1,703,704 
                 1,688 
                 Polyamide hot- 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 melt 
               
               
                 Ex. 10-9 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Aluminum 
                 135 
                 1,703,704 
                 1,688 
                 Polyester hot- 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 melt 
               
               
                 Ex. 10-10 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Aluminum 
                 135 
                 1,703,704 
                 1,688 
                 Acid-modified 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                 Ex. 10-11 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Aluminum 
                 135 
                 1,703,704 
                 1,688 
                 Ionomer 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                 Ex. 10-12 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Aluminum 
                 135 
                 1,703,704 
                 1,688 
                 Adhesive double 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 coated tape 
               
               
                 Ex. 11-1 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Aluminum 
                 135 
                 1,703,704 
                 1,688 
                 EVA on 
                 polyethylene 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyethylene 
                 terephthalate 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 11-2 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Aluminum 
                 135 
                 1,703,704 
                 1,688 
                 EVA on 
                 polyethylene 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyethylene 
                 terephthalate 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 11-3 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Aluminum 
                 135 
                 1,703,704 
                 1,688 
                 EVA on 
                 polyethylene 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyethylene 
                 naphthalate 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 11-4 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Aluminum 
                 135 
                 1,703,704 
                 1,688 
                 EVA on 
                 Oriented 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyethylene 
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 11-5 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Cast polypropylene 60/Nylon 15 
                 87 
                 1,690 
                 Aluminum 
                 135 
                 1,703,704 
                 1,688 
                 EVA on 
                 Oriented 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polyethylene 
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (EVA: ethylene-vinyl acetate copoplymer) 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Melting of 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Rigid covering 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 outer 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 member 
                   
                 Outer 
               
               
                   
                 Melting 
                 covering 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Outer covering 
                   
                 covering 
               
               
                   
                 of 
                 layer of 
                 Outer covering layer 
                   
                   
                 Metal layer of 
                   
                   
                 layer + metal 
                   
                 layer of 
               
               
                   
                 heat- 
                 flexible 
                 of rigid covering 
                   
                 Thermal 
                 rigid covering 
                   
                 Thermal 
                 layer 
                   
                 flexible 
               
               
                   
                 bonding 
                 covering 
                 member 
                 Thickness 
                 conductivity 
                 member 
                 Thickness 
                 conductivity 
                 Thermal 
                   
                 covering 
               
               
                   
                 layer 
                 member 
                 Material 
                 μm 
                 Wm −2 K −1   
                 Material 
                 μm 
                 Wm −2 K −1   
                 conductivity Wm −2 K −1   
                 Adhesive tape 
                 member 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Ex. 12-1 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,940 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 12-2 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 polybutylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 12-3 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 naphthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 12-4 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Oriented nylon 6 
                 25 
                 8,400 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 8,369 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 12-5 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Oriented polypropylene 
                 25 
                 13,200 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 13,125 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 12-6 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Oriented 
                 25 
                 4,800 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 4,790 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 12-7 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 None (Only protective 
                 2 
                 500,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 410,714 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 layer) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 13-1 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Copper 
                 100 
                 3,900,000 
                 49,367 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 13-2 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Iron 
                 100 
                 900,000 
                 47,368 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 13-3 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Nickel-plated iron 
                 100 
                 950,000 
                 47,500 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 13-4 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Nickel 
                 100 
                 1,000,000 
                 47,619 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 13-5 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Tin-plated iron 
                 100 
                 850,000 
                 47,222 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 13-6 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Zinc-plated iron 
                 100 
                 1,000,000 
                 47,619 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 13-7 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Stainless steel 
                 100 
                 150,000 
                 37,500 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 14 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Oriented 
                 115 
                 1,043 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 1,043 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 15 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Oriented 
                 115 
                 1,043 
                 Aluminum 
                 330 
                 696,970 
                 1,042 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 16-1 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Ethylene-acrylic 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acid copolymer 
               
               
                 Ex. 16-2 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Ethyl acrylate 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer 
               
               
                 Ex. 16-3 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Methyl acrylate 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer 
               
               
                 Ex. 16-4 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Methacrylic acid 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer 
               
               
                 Ex. 16-5 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Methyl 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 methacrylate 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer 
               
               
                 Ex. 16-6 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Polyacrylonitrile 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
               
               
                 Ex. 16-7 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Ethylene-vinyl 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 alcohol resin 
               
               
                 Ex. 16-8 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Polyamide-hot- 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 melt 
               
               
                 Ex. 16-9 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Polyester-hot- 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 melt 
               
               
                 Ex. 16-10 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Acid-modified 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                 Ex. 16-11 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Ionomer 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
               
               
                 Ex. 16-12 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,001 
                 48,936 
                 Adhesive double 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 coated tape 
               
               
                 Ex. 17-1 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 EVA on 
                 Polyethylene 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                 terephthalate 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 17-2 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 EVA on 
                 Polybutylene 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                 terephthalate 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 17-3 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 EVA on 
                 Polyethylene 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                 naphthalate 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 17-4 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 EVA on 
                 Oriented 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 17-5 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 EVA on 
                 Oriented 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                 polyethylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (EVA: ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) 
               
               
                 EVA or adhesive double coated tape is disposed only at a portion opposite the flexible covering member surface. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Rigid covering 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Melting of outer 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 member 
                   
                 Outer 
               
               
                   
                   
                 covering 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Outer covering 
                   
                 covering 
               
               
                   
                 Melting of 
                 layer of 
                 Outer covering layer 
                   
                   
                 Metal layer of 
                   
                   
                 layer + metal 
                   
                 layer of 
               
               
                   
                 heat- 
                 flexible 
                 of rigid covering 
                   
                 Thermal 
                 rigid covering 
                   
                 Thermal 
                 layer 
                   
                 flexible 
               
               
                   
                 bonding 
                 covering 
                 member 
                 Thickness 
                 conductivity 
                 member 
                 Thickness 
                 conductivity 
                 Thermal 
                   
                 covering 
               
               
                   
                 layer 
                 member 
                 Material 
                 μm 
                 Wm −2 K −1   
                 Material 
                 μm 
                 Wm −2 K −1   
                 conductivity Wm −2 K −1   
                 Bonding layer 
                 member 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Ex. 18-1 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,940 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 18-2 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polybutylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 18-3 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 naphthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 18-4 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Oriented nylon 6 
                 25 
                 8,400 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 8,369 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 18-5 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Oriented polyethylene 
                 25 
                 13,200 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 13,125 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 18-6 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Oriented 
                 25 
                 4,800 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 4,790 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 18-7 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 None (Only protective 
                 2 
                 500,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 410,714 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 layer) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 19-1 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Copper 
                 100 
                 3,900,000 
                 49,367 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 19-2 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Iron 
                 100 
                 900,000 
                 47,368 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 19-3 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Nickel-plated iron 
                 100 
                 950,000 
                 47,500 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 19-4 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Nickel 
                 100 
                 1,000,000 
                 47,619 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 19-5 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Tin-plated iron 
                 100 
                 850,000 
                 47,222 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 19-6 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Zinc-plated iron 
                 100 
                 1,000,000 
                 47,619 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 19-7 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Stainless steel 
                 100 
                 150,000 
                 37,500 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 20 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Oriented 
                 115 
                 1,043 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 1,043 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 21 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Oriented 
                 115 
                 1,043 
                 Aluminum 
                 330 
                 696,970 
                 1,042 
                 EVA on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 22-1 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Ethylene-acrylic 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 acid copolymer 
               
               
                 Ex. 22-2 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Ethyl acrylate 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer 
               
               
                 Ex. 22-3 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Methyl acrylate 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer 
               
               
                 Ex. 22-4 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Methacrylic acid 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer 
               
               
                 Ex. 22-5 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Methyl 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 methacrylate 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 copolymer 
               
               
                 Ex. 22-6 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Polyacrylonitrile 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
               
               
                 Ex. 22-7 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Ethylene-vinyl 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 alcohol resin 
               
               
                 Ex. 22-8 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Polyamide hot- 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 melt 
               
               
                 Ex. 22-9 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Polyester hot- 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 melt 
               
               
                 Ex. 22-10 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Acid-modified 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                 Ex. 22-11 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 Ionomer 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
               
               
                 Ex. 22-12 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,001 
                 48,936 
                 Adhesive on 
                 Nylon 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 23-1 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 EVA on 
                 Polyethylene 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                 terephthalate 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 23-2 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 EVA on 
                 Polybutylene 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                 terephthalate 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 23-3 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 EVA on 
                 Polyethylene 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                 naphthalate 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 23-4 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 EVA on 
                 Oriented 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                 polypropylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                 Ex. 23-5 
                 Melted 
                 Not melted 
                 Polyethylene 
                 12 
                 50,000 
                 Aluminum 
                 100 
                 2,300,000 
                 48,936 
                 EVA on 
                 Oriented 
                 Vacuum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 terephthalate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 polypropylene 
                 polyethylene 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surface 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (EVA: ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) 
               
               
                 EVA or adhesive is disposed only at a portion opposite the flexible covering member surface. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Usable or not without 
                 Damage of battery 
               
               
                   
                 damage after 1.5 
                 casing and pack after 
               
               
                   
                 meters drop test 
                 10 meters drop test 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 1-1 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 1-2 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 1-3 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 1-4 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 1-5 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 1-6 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 1-7 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 2-1 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 2-2 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 2-3 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 2-4 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 2-5 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 2-6 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 2-7 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 3 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 4 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 5-1 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 5-2 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 5-3 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 5-4 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 5-5 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 5-6 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 5-7 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 5-8 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 5-9 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 5-10 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 5-11 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 5-12 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 6-1 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 6-2 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 6-3 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 6-4 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 6-5 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: Damaged 
               
               
                 Example 1 
                   
                 Battery pack: Usable 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 Unusable due to 
                 Battery casing: Damaged 
               
               
                 Example 2 
                 deformation 
                 Battery pack: Usable 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Usable or not without 
                 Damage of battery 
               
               
                   
                 damage after 1.5 
                 casing and pack 
               
               
                   
                 meters drop test 
                 after 10 meters drop test 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 7-1 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 7-2 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 7-3 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 7-4 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 7-5 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 7-6 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 8-1 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 8-2 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 8-3 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 8-4 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 8-5 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 8-6 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 8-7 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 9 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 10-1 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 10-2 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 10-3 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 10-4 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 10-5 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 10-6 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 10-7 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 10-8 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 10-9 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 10-10 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 10-11 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 10-12 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 11-1 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 11-2 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 11-3 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 11-4 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 11-5 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Usable or not without 
                 Damage of battery 
               
               
                   
                 damage after 1.5 
                 casing and pack 
               
               
                   
                 meters drop test 
                 after 10 meters drop test 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 12-1 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 12-2 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 12-3 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 12-4 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 12-5 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 12-6 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 12-7 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 13-1 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 13-2 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 13-3 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 13-4 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 13-5 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 13-6 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 13-7 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 14 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 15 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 16-1 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 16-2 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 16-3 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 16-4 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 16-5 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 16-6 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 16-7 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 16-8 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 16-9 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 16-10 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 16-11 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 16-12 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 17-1 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 17-2 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 17-3 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 17-4 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 17-5 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Usable or not without 
                 Damage of battery 
               
               
                   
                 damage after 1.5 m 
                 casing and pack 
               
               
                   
                 drop test 
                 after 10 m drop test 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 18-1 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 18-2 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 18-3 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 18-4 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 18-5 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 18-6 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 18-7 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 19-1 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 19-2 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 19-3 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 19-4 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 19-5 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 19-6 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 19-7 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 20 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 21 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 22-1 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 22-2 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 22-3 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 22-4 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 22-5 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 22-6 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 22-7 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 22-8 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 22-9 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 22-10 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 22-11 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 22-12 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 23-1 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 23-2 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 23-3 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 23-4 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                 Example 23-5 
                 OK 
                 Battery casing: No damage 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Battery pack: Unusable 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Brief descriptions of the structures and properties of the battery packs in the Examples and Comparative Examples shown in Tables 1 to 4 are made below. 
     In the group of Examples 1, different materials are individually used in the outer covering layer of the rigid covering member. In the group of Examples 2, the material for the metal layer of the rigid covering member in Example 1-1 is changed to different materials. In Example 3, the thickness of the outer covering layer of the rigid covering member in Example 1-6 is increased. In Example 4, the material for the metal layer of the rigid covering member in Example 3 is changed to stainless steel and the thickness thereof is increased. In the group of Examples 5, the material for the bonding agent layer of the rigid covering member in Example 1-1 is changed to different materials. In the group of Examples 6, the material for the outer covering layer of the flexible covering member in Example 1-1 is changed to different materials (see Table 1). 
     By contrast, in Comparative Example 1, both the outer covering layer of the flexible covering member and the bonding layer of the rigid covering member are melted. After the 10 m drop test, the battery pack was able to be fitted into an electric device, but the flexible covering member was stretched and damaged and the battery pack expanded in the electric device a few days later (see Table 5). 
     In Comparative Example 2, the battery element is sealed without bonding the flexible covering member. The adhesion between the battery element and the flexible covering member was unsatisfactory and the battery element was unsatisfactorily unified with the flexible covering member. In the 1.5 m drop test, the battery pack was deformed due to lack of strength, and was unable to be fitted into an electric device. Further, in the 10 m drop test, both the battery element and the casing member were damaged, causing heat generation or gas generation (see Table 5). 
     In the group of Examples 7, different materials are individually used in the outer covering layer of the rigid covering member to form a composite layer. In the group of Examples 8, the metal layer of the rigid covering member and the metal layer of the flexible covering member in Example 7-1 are individually changed to different materials of the same type each having a predetermined thickness. In the group of Examples 9, the thickness of the metal layer of the rigid covering member in Example 7-1 is changed to 300 μm so that the total thickness of the metal layers is 335 μm. In the group of Examples 10, the materials for the composite layer and adhesive tape in Example 7-1 are changed to different materials. In the group of Example 11, the material for the outer covering layer of the flexible covering member in Example 7-1 is changed to different materials (see Table 2). 
     In Table 3, in the group of Examples 12, different materials are individually used in the outer covering layer of the rigid covering member. In the group of Examples 13, the material for the metal layer of the rigid covering member in Example 12-1 is changed to different materials. In Example 14, the thickness of the outer covering layer of the rigid covering member in Example 12-6 is increased. In Example 15, the thickness of the metal layer of the rigid covering member in Example 14 is increased. In the group of Examples 16, the material for the adhesive tape in Example 12-1 is changed to different materials. In the group of Examples 17, the material for the outer covering layer of the flexible covering member in Example 12-1 is changed to different materials. 
     In Table 4, in the group of Examples 18, different materials are individually used in the outer covering layer of the rigid covering member. In the group of Examples 19, the material for the metal layer of the rigid covering member in Example 18-1 is changed to different materials. In Example 20, the thickness of the outer covering layer of the rigid covering member in Example 18-6 is increased. In Example 21, the thickness of the metal layer of the rigid covering member in Example 20 is increased. In the group of Examples 22, the material for the bonding layer of the rigid covering member in Example 18-1 is changed to different materials. In the group of Examples 23, the material for the outer covering layer of the flexible covering member in Example 18-1 is changed to different materials. 
     As can be seen from Tables 5 to 8, with respect to each of the battery packs in the Examples, after the 1.5 m drop test, all the battery, battery casing, and battery pack can be used without any problems. 
     Further, with respect to each of the battery packs in the Examples, after the 10 meters drop test, the casing for battery pack was deformed and unable to be used, but the battery body and casing were not damaged and a phenomenon of gas generation or the like did not occur. 
     According to an embodiment, by appropriately controlling the state of bonding between the flexible covering member and the rigid covering member, there can be provided a battery pack which is advantageous not only in that the load concentration on the flexible covering member is reduced and hence the battery pack is improved in reliability or safety after suffering drop and has such strength that the battery pack can resist deformation or the like when it suffers an impact/shock of short drop and, when the battery pack suffers an impact/shock such that the flexible covering member is damaged, the appearance of the resultant battery pack advantageously reveals that the battery pack cannot be subsequently fitted into an electric device or charged, but also in that the battery pack has such excellent volume efficiency that the volume of the battery element to be contained can be as large as possible. 
     It should be understood that various changes and modifications to the presently preferred embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present subject matter and without diminishing its intended advantages. It is therefore intended that such changes and modifications be covered by the appended claims.