Patent Publication Number: US-6989613-B2

Title: Line voltage variation compensation apparatus

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates generally to apparatus for monitoring line voltage and compensating for low line voltage values. 
   DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART 
   Public electrical power service is found to vary from expected voltage norms throughout the day dependent primarily upon magnitude of usage of electrical power throughout the associated community. For example, typically in the morning as heavy electric usage begins in both industry and domestic dwellings, the outskirts of the community will particularly experience lower than normal voltages. On the other hand, as overall power usage in the community is reduced at night, the line voltage will rise. Actual line voltage measurements have shown that the customary “120” volt line service in the U.S. may vary from 90 to 130 VAC. 
   The effects of voltage value change can be particularly damaging in so-called RV (recreation vehicle) vehicles that frequently are located at the end of electric transmission lines (e.g., in remote country areas) due to the relatively greater line loss. If not compensated for in some manner, such voltage variations can cause either undesirably lower level operation of electrical equipment or excessively high electric current (heat) that can damage equipment or produce fire in the RV. 
   Systems that can produce full regulation of a source voltage are well known, however, they are expensive and complex to manufacture especially where relatively high power output is to be handled. Compensation systems involving transformer switching generally are available, but all those known are unsatisfactory in one way or another. 
   It is, therefore, desirable to provide compensation for lowered source voltage variation resulting in a compensated voltage of a satisfactory usable range for typical household electrical equipment. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   In accordance with the practice of the present invention, there is provided circuit apparatus for interconnection with a source of electric power of expected periodic voltage variability and including voltage sensor means for producing signals representative of corresponding ranges of source voltage variation. A transformer with a tapped primary is selectively switched to provide a low boost and a high boost for compensating two low ranges of the source voltage as connected via a relay appropriately energized by the voltage sensor signals. On the source voltage exceeding the low boost voltage range, a further relay energized by a voltage sensor signal to directly interconnect the source voltage to circuit apparatus output terminals for ultimate use. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
       FIG. 1  is a function block diagram of the circuit apparatus of the present invention. 
   

   DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
   The present invention has its most advantageous application in providing compensation for electrical compensation for source voltage variation as supplied to so-called RV s (recreation vehicles). An RV has electrical equipment that can be typically found in a domestic home and in regard to which in the United States will be provided 120 VAC service voltage which preferably lies within the range of 115–125 VAC in order to efficiently and safely operate domestic home electrical appliances and equipment. It has also been found that since an RV frequently taps into public electrical service at remote points from source voltage generation that actual source voltage experienced at the RV may vary from 90–130 VAC at different times of the day. Although not confined in this regard, for clarity of presentation, the description of the preferred embodiment will be given for a typical 120 VAC source voltage varying as indicated. 
   In its broadest aspects, the circuit apparatus of this invention is electrical inserted between a source voltage and an RV electrical inlet by conventional cabling and connectors of the male and female category, which circuit apparatus operates automatically to sense the source voltage value and, depending upon the sensed value, provides a low boost voltage, a high boost voltage, or a direct connection of the source voltage to the RV inlet without boost. Apparatus condition lights are provided for visibly indicating the operating state of the circuit apparatus. 
   Turning now to the drawing and particularly to  FIG. 1 , an service line input voltage source is interconnected to the circuit apparatus  10  at feed lines  12  (high),  14  (neutral) and  16  (ground) and which hereinafter will be referred to as the source voltage. A first voltage sensor  18  connected across source voltage lines  12  and  14  will provide an actuation signal on line  20  to each of three subcircuits  22  (Out of Range),  24  (No Boost) and  26  (High/Low Boost). 
   If the source voltage is sensed and found to be within the range of 90–130 VAC, the voltage sensor  18  will provide a signal to the in range circuit  22  to energize relay coil  28  illuminating LED  50  and close contact  30  connecting line  12  to lines  32  and  34 . Also, at this time if the source voltage is within the range of 90 to 108 VAC, the voltage sensor  18  will send a signal to the boost circuit  24  causing relay  36  to energize and close contact  64  and open contact  38  causing boost LED  52  to light. The voltage sensor  18  also sends a signal to the high-low boost circuit  26  energizing relay  54 . The relay  54  contacts now connect the primary coils  56  and  58  of the transformer  60  in parallel across the source voltage. With primary coils  56  and  58  so-connected, the transformer secondary is at maximum output voltage. This secondary voltage is added to the line voltage to provide high boost at output terminals  40  and  42 . 
   With input voltage lying within the range of 108–116 VAC, voltage sensor  18  will supply a signal to the in-range circuit  22  energizing relay  28  and closing contact  30 . Voltage sensor  18  will also at this time send a signal to the boost circuit  24  causing relay  36  to close contact  64  and open contact  38  while lighting boost LED  52 . Voltage sensor  18  will also at this time supply a signal to the high-low boost circuit  26  causing relay  54  to become deenergized. With relay  54  deenergized, the transformer primary windings  56  and  58  will be series connected across the source voltage providing the lowest output value the transformer secondary. The secondary voltage when added to the source voltage produces low-boost across terminals  40  and  42 . 
   When the source voltage is within 116–130 VAC, voltage sensor  18  supplies a signal to the in-range circuit  22  energizing relay  28  to close contact  30 . Voltage sensor  18  at this time also supplies a further signal to the boost circuit deenergizing relay  36  which opens contact  64  therby removing the source voltage from the transformer and at the same time closes contact  38  which bypasses the transformer secondary output. Now, the voltage appearing across terminals  40  and  42  follows the source voltage. 
   In the event the source voltage is outside the range 90–130 VAC, i.e., either greater than 130 VAC or less than 90 VAC, voltage sensor  18  provides a signal to the in-range circuit causing relay  28  to drop out and contact  30  to open disconnecting the output from the source voltage. 
   As a safety feature, the invention includes a further voltage sensor  62  that monitors all three of the input lines, namely, High, Neutral and Ground. In the event Ground has become disconnected, if High and Neutral haveen interchanged, or High and Ground have been interchanged, an indicator light  63  is energized. In this way the user can take appropriate steps to correct the problem and prevent the possibility of damage occurring. 
   Although the invention is described in connection with a preferred embodiment, it is understood that those skilled in the appertaining arts may make modifications that come within the spirit of the invention as described herein and within the ambit of the appended claims.