Patent Publication Number: US-10308379-B2

Title: Method and apparatus for compacting product

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a divisional of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/909,306 entitled “Method and Apparatus for Compacting Product” filed Oct. 21, 2010, which application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/604,748 entitled “Method and Apparatus for Compacting Product” filed Oct. 23, 2009 now U.S. Pat. No. 8,371,094 issued Feb. 12, 2013, and a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/701,762 entitled “Packaging Related Process, System &amp; Apparatus” filed Feb. 8, 2010 now abandoned, the technical disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Technical Field 
     The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for compacting a slug of product. 
     Description of Related Art 
     Product often settles after it has been packaged making the package appear less than full. Thus, often a package appears full once it is manufactured, but after further settling appears less full. One example is that of a traditional flex bag containing snacks such as potato chips. Such flex bags are traditionally made and filled in a vertical form, fill, and seal machine.  FIG. 1  depicts a portion of a traditional vertical form, fill, and seal machine. First, product is weighed and measured in a weigher  101 . The weighers  101  collect and discharge a specified charge of product. Each charge represents the amount of product which will occupy a single bag. Downstream from the weigher  101  is typically a funnel  102  or a series of funnels which directs the product. As used herein, “downstream” and “upstream” refer to relative points or locations in the process or apparatus. Thus, an event taking place downstream occurs later in the process and follows events which took place upstream. Downstream from the funnel  102  is a product delivery cylinder  103 . As used in a vertical form, fill, and seal machine, the product delivery cylinder  103  is often referred to as a former. The packaging film for the final package is wrapped around the product delivery cylinder  103  to form a tube. Once the lower portion of the tube is sealed, product is delivered through the product delivery cylinder  103  and into the sealed tube. Thereafter, the top portion of the tube is sealed, cut and separated from the upstream film, and a package is formed. The apparatus is a very effective bagmaker and can produce bag rates as high as 100 bags per minute. 
     During shipping and handling the product within the package begins to settle, increasing the void space at the top of the package. A package which has sat on a retail shelf, after transportation and handling, will often look less full than a package taken directly from the bagmaker. This results in a variety of problems. First, a package appearing and feeling less full is less appealing to a customer compared to a fuller package. Second, many consumers are unpleased to open a package to realize the package is about half full. Third, due to the increased void space after the product settles, the prior art package is larger than needed at this point relative to its contents. Such a package unnecessarily takes up valuable space on a retail shelf space, in shipping trucks, in warehouses, and in consumers&#39; pantries. Further, manufacturing materials such as plastic films are wasted in forming such a package. 
     For the above reasons, attempts have been made to decrease the void space in a package. One attempt disclosed in commonly owned U.S. Publication No. 2006/0165859 which teaches that randomly shaped product tends to settle less over time than uniformly shaped product and thus discloses producing randomly shaped product. One drawback of this method, however, is that is it not always desirable to produce randomly shaped products. 
     Another known method is partially filling the package with product, vibrating the package to settle the product within the package. Thereafter additional product is added to the package and the process repeated. Unfortunately, this process is very slow and cannot be conducted at high rates on a traditional vertical form, fill, and seal machine. 
     Accordingly, one object of the instant invention is to provide an apparatus and method which results in increased compaction of product within a package. Furthermore, because many packages involve a vertical form, fill, and seal machine, it is desirable that the apparatus and method be easily adapted for use on such a machine, preferably with only minor modification and without significantly decreasing bag rates. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives and advantages thereof, will be best understood by reference to the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a prior art filling apparatus; 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a filling apparatus employing one embodiment of the invention comprising a settling chamber; 
         FIG. 3  is a top profile view of a rotary settling device comprising multiple settling chambers in their discharging and receiving positions; 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view of a rotary settling device comprising multiple settling chambers in a mid-rotation position; and 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view of a filling apparatus in one embodiment of the invention comprising a settling chamber and vacuum relief holes. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Several embodiments of Applicants&#39; invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. Unless otherwise noted, like elements will be identified by identical numbers throughout all figures. 
     Generally, this invention relates to a method and apparatus for compacting a slug of product and increasing compaction of product within a package. Compaction refers to the density of product within a package. A goal is to form and compact an intermediate slug of product which is subsequently discharged into a packaging apparatus and eventually into a package. An additional goal in one embodiment is to ensure the increased compaction remains throughout the packaging operation. Applicants have found forming and compacting an intermediate slug and then discharging said slug for packaging results in increased product compaction. A slug of product refers to a collected charge of product. 
     Because of the resulting increased compaction of the product at the bagmaker, less settling occurs during the subsequent, shipping, handling, and displaying of the package. Thus, the apparatus and method of this invention ensures that the package displayed on the shelf will more resemble the package as seen at the bagmaker. As used herein, a bagmaker refers to any packaging apparatus. The method and apparatus can be utilized on a wide variety of bagmakers including but not limited to a vertical form, fill, and seal machine and horizontal form, fill, and seal machines, bag in a box apparatus, as well as boxing machines. Likewise, a packaging apparatus referred to as a fill seal bagmaker, whereby premade bags are opened, filled, and sealed, can also be utilized. The final packages described herein can comprise traditional flex packages associated with snack product, vertical packages, box packaging, bag in a box packaging, and other products containing product which is subject to settling. 
     The apparatus and method can be utilized to increase compaction of a variety of products including food products such as chips, pretzels, cookies, noodles, nuts, cereal, and seeds. Likewise, this invention also applies to individually wrapped products such as individually wrapped mints or other candies which are susceptible to settling. The apparatus and method also works for other various dry products including dog food, cat food, etc. 
       FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a filling apparatus employing one embodiment of the invention comprising a settling chamber. In  FIG. 2 , a settling device  207  is located between the weigher  101  and the product delivery cylinder  103  of a vertical form, fill, and seal machine. The weigher  101  can comprise virtually any weigher known in the art. In one embodiment, the weigher  101  is a statistical weigher. As depicted, downstream of the weigher  101  is a receiving funnel  102 . A receiving funnel  102 , or a series of funnels, receives and guides product to the downstream bagmaker. As used herein a receiving funnel  102  refers to any device downstream of a weigher but upstream from a settling device which collects and directs product. The receiving funnel  102  can be attached and part of the weigher  101  and can comprise vertical or slanted walls. In one embodiment, there is a metal detector located between the weigher  101  and the receiving funnel  102  to monitor foreign debris. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a receiving funnel  102  is not necessary in all embodiments. Downstream of the receiving funnel  102  and the weigher  101  is the settling device  207 . 
     As depicted the settling device  207  comprises a single settling chamber  204 , a vibrator  208 , and a gate  206 . A settling device, as used herein, refers to a device which receives and captures an amount of product in order to form an intermediate slug of compacted product. A settling chamber  204  is a distinct chamber which receives and retains product. In one embodiment the settling chamber  204  has four vertical walls and an open top and bottom. 
     Applicants have found that collecting product discharged from the weigher  101  and holding product, for a period of time, in the settling chamber  204  facilitates settling of the product and increases compaction of the product. Increasing the settling of the product during packaging results in a decrease of post manufacturing settling. The settling chamber  204  can be jostled or vibrated via a vibrator  208  to facilitate and speed up the settling of the product. The time necessary and the amount of external energy, such as vibrations, required to facilitate settling is dependent upon many factors including but not limited to the geometry of the product, the size and geometry of the settling chamber, the size of the slug, and the level of compaction desired. Those skilled in the art will be able to determine the amount of time and energy required to yield a desired level of compaction. Other movements such as vertical, horizontal, rotational, vibrational, and mixtures thereof can also be imparted to the settling chamber to facilitate settling of the product which results in increased compaction. The vibrator  208 , which is optional, can comprise any device which vibrates the settling chamber  204 . The vibrator  208  can be located in various places throughout the settling device  207 . 
     Applicants have found that the geometry of the settling chamber  204  has an effect on the shape of the packaged slug as well as the shape of the final package, especially if the final package is a traditional flex bag. In one embodiment the cross-sectional shape of the settling chamber  204  is substantially similar to the desired shape of the slug. For example, in one embodiment the settling chamber  204  has a substantially oval cross-section to mimic the substantially oval cross-section of a traditional flex bag. Other cross-sections may be utilized including but not limited to a circular and square cross-section. 
     The height of the settling chamber  204  can be varied according to the desired size and shape of the intermediate slug which ultimately dictates the size and shape of the finished product. In one embodiment the size of the settling chamber  204  is approximately 0.5 to 2.5 times the height of the final package, and in one embodiment the settling chamber  204  is approximately 1.25 times the height of the final package. The size of the chamber is dependent upon a variety of factors including the amount of settling required. In one embodiment, the height of the settling chamber  204  is chosen so as to properly fit between the weigher and the packing apparatus without raising the weigher. 
     In one embodiment, the bottom of the settling chamber  201  has a larger opening than the top of the settling chamber. For some products susceptible to bridging, having a larger exit diameter minimizes bridging. This helps the product maintain its desired compact shape and results in faster and more efficient discharges. 
     At the bottom of the settling chamber  204  is a gate  206 . The gate  206  can comprise many types of gates including sliding and swinging gates. In one embodiment the gate  206  is a sliding gate which allows for quick and efficient discharge of the product from the settling chamber  204 . 
     Downstream of the gate  206  is the product delivery cylinder  103 . In some embodiments there is an intermediate funnel  209  which directs product discharged from the gate  206  to the product delivery cylinder  103 . The intermediate funnel  209  can comprise one or more funnels which can comprise straight or slanted walls. Further, the intermediate funnel  209  can comprise a variety of shapes. In one embodiment, the intermediate funnel  209  has a shape similar to the shape of the settling chamber  204 . 
     In some embodiments, as the process moves downstream from the receiving funnel  102  to the product delivery cylinder  103 , each subsequent downstream transition point has a larger diameter than the upstream transition point. Thus, in such an embodiment, the intermediate funnel  209  has a larger diameter than the settling chamber  204  but a smaller diameter than the product delivery cylinder  103 . Such an arrangement minimizes bridging and any other disruption to the united slug. 
     Thus, the method for compacting a slug of product begins by weighing an amount of product in a weigher. Then, the product is directed and received into a settling device. Once the product is in the settling device, the product is compacted to form a slug of product. As discussed, this can be accomplished by storing the product for a time, or by jostling, rotating, and/or vibrating the settling device. After compacting the product, the product is discharged to a product delivery cylinder. It should be noted that the product can be directly discharged into the product delivery cylinder or it can be discharged into an intermediate funnel or chute before reaching the product delivery cylinder. Thereafter the slug is deposited from the product delivery cylinder into a package. As discussed above, the settling device is located downstream from a weigher and upstream from the product delivery cylinder. Further, the settling device can comprise only a single settling chamber, or the device can comprise more than one settling chamber. 
     In one embodiment the settling device  207  comprises only a single settling chamber  204 . However, in other embodiments the settling device  207  comprises more than one settling chamber  204 . In one embodiment, two or more settling chambers  204  act in parallel, each discharging its slug to the downstream product delivery cylinder  103 . In other embodiments at least two chambers  204  act in series whereby a first chamber is located below a second chamber and product is partially settled in a first chamber before being deposited for further settling in a second chamber. In one embodiment, one or more settling chambers  204  are located on a rotary settling device. In one embodiment each subsequent chamber results in increased settling. 
       FIG. 3  is a top profile view of a rotary settling device comprising multiple settling chambers in their discharging and receiving positions. A rotary settling device  304  is a device comprising more than one settling chamber whereby the settling chambers are axially rotatable within the settling device.  FIG. 3  illustrates a rotary settling device  304  comprising eight settling chambers  204   a - h  located above the stationary turret table  305 , a gate  306 , and a vibrator  208 . While the figure illustrates eight settling chambers  204   a - h,  other numbers of settling chambers may also be utilized. Those skilled in the art will understand that the number of required settling chambers is dependent upon a variety of factors including but not limited to the geometry of the product, the desired size and weight of each slug, and the desired throughput in bags per minute, amount of settling time required, etc. 
     In a rotary settling device  304 , the settling chambers  204   a - h  can be arranged in a variety of positions. In one embodiment, the centers of each settling chamber are evenly spaced along the turret table  305 . In one embodiment the chambers are evenly spaced and oriented like a wagon spoke. As depicted, the settling chambers  204  are angled relative to the turret table  305  to maximize the number of chambers which will fit on the turret table  305 . 
     In the embodiment depicted, the settling chambers  204  have an open top and bottom so the product is maintained within the settling chambers  204  by the presence of the stationary turret table  305 . In such an embodiment the settling chambers  204  glide and rotate over the turret table  305 . There is an opening  308  in the turret table  305  located above the gate  306 . In one embodiment, the shape of the opening corresponds to the shape of the settling chamber  204 . The chamber located in the position above the gate  306 , and aligned with the opening  308 , is referred to as the discharge chamber  204   a.  The product in the discharge chamber  204   a  is maintained by the gate  306 . Accordingly, when the gate  306  is opened, via sliding or otherwise, the product falls through the opening  308  in the turret table  305  and passes the open gate  306 . Those skilled in the art will understand that there are other ways of maintaining product within each settling chamber such as having a separate gate for each settling chamber. 
     In one embodiment, downstream and below the gate  306  is the product delivery cylinder  103 . In such an embodiment, the compacted slug is discharged from the discharge chamber and into the product delivery cylinder  103  where it is subsequently packaged in a bagmaker. 
     The settling chambers  204  can be filled in a variety of locations. In one embodiment, the discharge chamber  204   a  is also the same settling chamber which receives product, called the receiving chamber. In such an embodiment, after discharging product in the discharge chamber  204   a  the gate  306  will close. Thereafter, the discharge chamber  204   a  will then receive product. All of the settling chambers  204  in turn will then move one spot in the progression, during which time the product in the settling chamber settles and becomes more compact. Thus, in some embodiments the receiving and discharging do not take place simultaneously. 
       FIGS. 3 and 4 , however, depict an embodiment in which the receiving and discharging does not take place in the same chamber. As depicted in  FIG. 3 , the discharging chamber  204   a  discharges product and a different chamber, the receiving chamber  204   c  receives product from the receiving funnel  102 . In one embodiment, the discharging and the receiving takes place simultaneously. Thus, after the discharge chamber  204   a  discharges its product, it rotates two positions to become the receiving chamber  204   c  at which time it receives product. In other embodiments the discharge chamber  204   a  will only rotate one spot before becoming the receiving chamber whereas in other embodiments the discharge chamber will rotate multiple positions before becoming the receiving chamber. The location of the receiving and discharging positions depends on a variety of factors including but not limited to the location of the receiving funnel  102  and the product delivery cylinder  103  and the required amount of settling. 
     After the receiving chamber  204   c  has received its product, it rotates clockwise throughout the positions until it again becomes the discharge chamber  204   a.  While the example has been described as rotating clockwise, this should not be deemed limiting as the device can also rotate counterclockwise. 
     While the settling chambers  204  are rotating, the product becomes more compact. In one embodiment, a vibrator  208  vibrates the product within the settling chambers  204  to facilitate settling of the product. The vibrator  208  can be placed on a variety of places, including but not limited to, on the stationary turret table  305 , attached to the chambers  204 , or otherwise attached to the rotary settling device  304  or other supporting structure. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4 , the receiving funnel  102  is located atop the rotary settling device  304 . The receiving funnel  102  directs product to the receiving chamber. As noted above, the receiving funnel  102  may be directly below the weigher  101  or it may be below another funnel or series of funnels. 
       FIG. 4  is a perspective view of a rotary settling device comprising multiple settling chambers in a mid-rotation position.  FIG. 4  also illustrates the opening  308  located on the stationary table  305 . As depicted, the chambers are in mid-rotation so the chambers are not receiving or discharging product. In other embodiments, however, product is received and/or discharged during rotation. In some embodiments, however, it is desired that the compact slug is maintained in its compact state after the slug has been formed. 
     In  FIG. 4 , a stationary top  409  is depicted. The top  409  acts to ensure that the product within the settling chambers  204  does not escape the settling chambers  204 . Further, the top  409  acts to keep external items from entering the settling device and subsequently becoming packaged. The top  409  is not necessary in all embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand which processing conditions will warrant such a top. 
     As depicted, the intermediate funnel  209  and the product receiving cylinder  103  are depicted downstream of the opening  308 . In  FIG. 4 , the product receiving cylinder  103  is part of the bag former in a vertical form, fill, and seal, machine. In one embodiment, the product receiving cylinder  103  is directly connected to the rotary device  304 . In other embodiments the product receiving cylinder  103  is not directly attached to the rotary device  304 . The product receiving cylinder  103  may be separated from the rotary device  304  by a gap or it may be connected via other equipment such as the intermediate funnel  209 . 
     In one embodiment, the product in the package comprises product from only a single settling chamber. In such an embodiment, the amount of product received in the receiving chamber is equal to the amount of product in the final package. 
     In still other embodiments, the final package comprises two slugs of product. In one embodiment the package comprises product from at least two different settling chambers. In other embodiments the package comprises two slugs of product from the same chamber. In such an embodiment a first slug is first formed and discharged and then subsequently a second slug is formed in the same chamber and then discharged. 
     Applicants have found that in some products the compaction is further increased when two or more smaller slugs are compacted separately and then added into a single package. For example, if the final product is to comprise two slugs of product, then the slugs formed from two different chambers will both be deposited to a single package. Referring back to  FIG. 3 , in such an embodiment a single package will comprise product discharged from the discharge chamber  204   a  as well as product from the chamber  204   h  located one spot behind the discharge chamber  204   a.  Thus, product from both chambers  204   a / 204   h  is deposited to a vertical form, fill, and seal machine to be packaged in a single package. 
     In one embodiment, the height of each chamber is selected so that existing apparatuses can be retrofitted with charge compaction without, for example, raising the weigher. As an example, in one embodiment, due to the multi-charge method, the settling chambers can be made shorter in height, due to the height being spread amongst multiple chambers, and as a result the weigher does not have to be moved. This results in decreased capital costs to retrofit an existing apparatus. 
     Applicants have found that after inducing settling the slug maintains its shape and compaction as it is packaged. This results in less settling after packaging giving the consumer a fuller package which more resembles the fuller look of a bag at the bagmaker. As previously discussed, increasing settling during packaging reduces post package settling which results in several benefits. One such benefit is the ability to use a comparatively smaller package for the same product weight. This results in decreased production costs as less material is required to manufacture the package. Additionally this results in decreased shipping costs as more packages can fit in a given volume. Further, this allows more packages to be displayed on the retail shelf as smaller packages occupy less space. Likewise, a smaller package allows a consumer to store the same amount of product in a smaller space, thus freeing valuable pantry space. 
     As discussed, this apparatus and method provide the opportunity to package the same quantity of product in a comparatively smaller package. The smaller package can have a decreased height, width, or combinations thereof compared to the previous package. In one embodiment the width of the package is not altered and only the height dimension is changed. Such an embodiment minimizes the modifications required to the bagmaker. 
     The following examples demonstrate the effectiveness of one embodiment of the instant invention and are for illustrative purposes only. Accordingly, the following examples should not be deemed limiting. 
     Control 
     A trial was conducted using chips with a product weight of 21.5 ounces. The wheat chips were thin wafers having ridges. A settling device was not used on the control. The bags had a width of 12 inches, a total height of 18.75 inches and a usable height of 17.75 inches after deducting one inch for the top and bottom seals. The void space in each package was measured and the fullness level of each bag calculated. The void space was measured by measuring the average level of product in the package. The packages removed from the bagmaker, which was a vertical form, fill, and seal machine, were approximately 86% full on average and had an average product level of 15.25 inches. Thereafter to determine the conditions of the packages after sitting on the shelf, the packages were subjected to a simulated retail process which included simulating the transporting, handling, and shelf time of a typical package. After simulation, the void space was measured and the fullness of each bag was calculated to be approximately 78% on average with a product level of 13.85 inches. Thus, the fullness of the packages decreased by about 8% on average after the shelf simulation, and the product level decreased by an average of 1.4 inches. 
     Single Charge 
     In the next trial, a non-rotary settling apparatus comprising a single settling chamber, similar to that of  FIG. 2  in operation, was utilized using the single charge method whereby each package comprised a single slug of product. The settling device had settling chambers comprising a substantially oval cross section and a width of 12 inches. Because of the settling of the product, a smaller bag was utilized. The smaller bag had a width of 12 inches and a height of 16.75 inches with about 15.75 inches of useable space. At the bagmaker the packages were approximately 86% full and had a product level of about 13.55 inches. Thus, the settling device decreased the same quantity of product in a bag with the same width from a product level of 15.25 inches to a product level of 13.55 inches at the bagmaker. After the shelf simulation, the packages were approximately 82% full and had a product level of about 12.85 inches. Thus, the fullness of the package decreased by only about 4% and resulted in a fuller bag compared to the control. Further, the product level dropped only about 0.7 inches which is about half of the drop experienced in the control. 
     Multi-Charge 
     In the next trial, the same apparatus was utilized using the multi-charge method wherein the final package comprised two slugs of product. Thus, in this embodiment, the settling chamber formed and discharged a slug, and then the same settling chamber subsequently formed and discharged a second slug into the same package as the first discharged slug. The same size bag as the single charge was also used in the multi-charge trial. At the bagmaker the packages were approximately 87% full and had product levels of about 13.65 inches. After the shelf simulation, the packages were approximately 83% full and had a product level of about 13.15 inches. Thus, compared to the single-charge method, the multi-charge method resulted in a fuller bag both at the bagmaker and after shelf-simulations. 
     In both the single-charge and the double-charge, a smaller package was produced which held the same quantity of product as the larger bag in the control, but which required less material to manufacture. Accordingly, compacting the product results in decreased manufacturing costs, decreased shipping costs, an increased number of packages available for a given amount of retail space, a package which required less pantry space, and a package which appeared fuller to the retail consumer. 
     Referring back to  FIG. 3 , Applicants now discuss the effect the gate  306  speed has on the compaction of the slug of product. Applicants have found that a slow moving gate  306  decreases the compaction of the slug whereas a fast acting gate  306  allows the slug to remain compact. As used herein a fast acting gate is a gate which is completely open in less than about 50 milliseconds. There are a variety of ways to minimize the effect that the gate  306  has on the compaction of the slug. In one embodiment the speed of the gate  306  is increased. In another embodiment, the gate  306  is completely open in as little as about 40 milliseconds. As discussed, this fact acting gate  306  acts to minimize the decrease in compaction. In one embodiment the length of the gate  306  is increased. This allows the velocity of the gate  306  to increase before the opening  308  is opened. Further, as depicted the gate  306  and the opening  308  are positioned so that the shortest distance in the opening  308  is in the same direction that the gate  306  is opened. The fast acting gate  306  can be implemented in any device described herein. 
     Now referring to  FIG. 5 ,  FIG. 5  is a perspective view of a filling apparatus employing one embodiment of the invention comprising a settling chamber and vacuum relief holes.  FIG. 5  is similar to  FIG. 2  except that  FIG. 5  also illustrates vacuum relief holes  510 .  FIG. 5  illustrates the settling device  207  located downstream from a weigher  101  and upstream from a product delivery cylinder  103 , wherein the product delivery cylinder  103  comprises a forming collar  511 , and wherein the product delivery cylinder  103  comprises vacuum relief holes  510  located above the forming collar  511 . As discussed, in one embodiment a compact slug of product is formed prior to depositing said product in the product delivery cylinder  103 . This compact slug creates a vacuum in the product delivery cylinder  103  as it falls within the product delivery cylinder  103 . This did not occur in the prior art as the product had sufficient spread to prevent the formation of a vacuum. Additionally, there was no slide gate  206  to cut off the flow of air and thus form a vacuum. However, the compact slug does create a vacuum above the slug within the product delivery cylinder  103  when the product delivery cylinder  103  is sealed. In one embodiment the product delivery cylinder  103  is sealed when the upstream gate  206  is closed. This vacuum decreases the speed with which the slug can fall. To minimize the created vacuum, vacuum relief holes  510  are positioned above the forming collar  511  which directs the packaging material. The vacuum relief holes  510  allow air to be pulled within the product delivery cylinder  103  and break the vacuum. The vacuum relief holes  510  may comprise a single hole or may comprise two or more holes. In one embodiment the holes are sized from about ⅛ th  of an inch to about ¼ of an inch. 
     In one embodiment the holes do not begin in the first three inches of the product delivery cylinder  103 . Applicants have found that some product comprising edges or corners can catch on the holes  510 , and thus disrupt the flow of the product. To overcome this problem, in one embodiment the product is allowed to build momentum in a section of the product delivery cylinder  103  which does not comprise holes before introducing the product into a section of the product delivery cylinder  103  comprising holes  510 . In another embodiment the holes  510  are sized so as to minimize product catching on the holes  510 . As depicted  FIG. 5  does not comprise an intermediate funnel  209 , however other embodiments comprise an intermediate funnel  209 . Such an intermediate piece allows product to build momentum which can also reduce the likelihood of product being snagged or caught on the holes  510 . 
     The vacuum holes  510  can be implemented in any bagmaker comprising a product delivery cylinder  103  which comprises a collar  511 . In one embodiment, the bagmaker comprises a vertical form, fill, and seal bagmaker comprising a weigher and product delivery cylinder. 
     Referring back to  FIG. 3 , another embodiment of the invention is now discussed. In one embodiment the discharge chamber  204   a  is monitored with a sensor. A sensor can comprise any sensor known in the art. In one embodiment the sensor comprises a digital or analog sensor. In another embodiment the sensor comprises a photo eye. As an example, in one embodiment a sensor is located above the discharge chamber  204   a.  The sensor can determine the presence of product in the chamber which would indicate that not all of the product has exited the discharge chamber  204   a.  With such condition detected, a poker can assist in clearing the remaining product from the discharge chamber  204   a.  A poker can comprise any mechanical device which can forcibly remove product from a chamber. In one embodiment the poker comprises a mechanical rod which forces the product from the chamber. In another embodiment the poker comprises a piston which forces the product from the chamber. In another embodiment the poker comprises a blast of air, nitrogen, etc. to force the remaining product to discharge the discharge chamber  204   a.    
     The poker can be located at the discharge chamber  204   a,  or it can be located adjacent to the discharge chamber  204 . In one embodiment the poker is located above the discharge chamber  204   a  and may be configured and/or actuated to “nudge” the chambered product or chamber, or the poker may be configured and/or actuated so as to travel, top to bottom if you will, through at least an upper portion of the chamber. In one embodiment the poker is actively coupled to the sensor. As used herein actively coupled refers to a device which receives a signal from another device. Thus, the poker receives a signal, either directly or indirectly, from the sensor. Finally, in as much as sensing or an on demand functionality is contemplated, poker actuation may likewise be a coincident with the noted discharge cycle, i.e. a given rather than a select operation. 
     While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. 
     Additional Description 
     The following clauses are offered as further description of the disclosed invention.
     1. An apparatus for compacting a product slug, said apparatus comprising:
       a weigher;   a product delivery cylinder;   a settling device;   wherein said settling device is located between said weigher and said product delivery cylinder; and   a fast acting gate, said fast acting gate located upstream from said product delivery cylinder, and wherein said fast acting gate can be completely open in less than about 50 milliseconds.   
       2. A vertical form, fill, and seal machine comprising:
       a weigher upstream from a product delivery cylinder, wherein said product delivery cylinder comprises a forming collar, and   a product delivery cylinder comprising at least one vacuum relief hole located above said forming collar.   
       3. The vertical form, fill, and seal machine according to clause 2 further comprising a gate located upstream from said product delivery cylinder.   4. An apparatus for compacting a product slug, said apparatus comprising:
       a weigher;   a product delivery cylinder;   a settling device; and   a gate;   wherein said settling device is located between said weigher and said product delivery cylinder, wherein said gate is located upstream from said product delivery cylinder, wherein said product delivery cylinder comprises a forming collar, and wherein said product delivery cylinder comprising at least one vacuum relief hole located above said forming collar.   
       5. The apparatus according to clause  4  wherein said at least one vacuum relief hole is located three inches from the top of said product delivery cylinder.   6. An apparatus for compacting a product slug, said apparatus comprising:
       a weigher;   a product delivery cylinder;   at least one settling device, wherein said at least one settling device comprises a discharge chamber;   a sensor located above said discharge chamber; and   a poker, wherein said poker is actively coupled to said sensor;   wherein said settling device is located between said weigher and said product delivery cylinder.   
       7. The apparatus according to clause  6  wherein said poker is located above said discharge chamber.   8. The apparatus according to clause  6  wherein said poker comprises a burst of nitrogen.   9. The apparatus according to clause  6  wherein said poker comprises a mechanical rod.