Patent Publication Number: US-2022223951-A1

Title: Packaging structure and battery core using the same

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation application of International Patent Application No. PCT/CN2020/114843, filed on Sep. 11, 2020, which claims priority from Chinese Patent Application No. 202020345930.1, filed on Mar. 18, 2020, and Chinese Patent Application No. 201922176539.3, filed on Dec. 6, 2019. The contents of the aforementioned patent applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This application relates to the field of batteries, and in particular, to a packaging structure and a battery core using the packaging structure. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Currently, with advantages such as high energy density, long cycle life, and freedom from memory effect, lithium-ion batteries are widely used in portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, digital video cameras, and laptop computers. 
     In order to ensure good packaging for cores of the lithium-ion batteries, specific widths of the top seal and side seals are usually preset. With the miniaturization of electronic devices, batteries applied to electronic devices also need to be miniaturized. However, miniaturization of batteries is prone to lead to poor stability of the packaging structures of the battery cores. 
     SUMMARY 
     In view of the foregoing situation, it is necessary to provide a packaging structure that is conducive to structure stability. 
     It is also necessary to provide a battery core using the packaging structure. 
     In an embodiment of this application, a packaging structure includes an accommodating portion and a sealing portion. The accommodating portion includes a first wall, a second wall, a first side wall, and a second side wall. The first wall and the second wall are opposite to each other, and the first side wall is connected to the first wall and the second wall. The second side wall is connected to the first wall and the second wall, and the second side wall intersects with the first side wall at the first side. The sealing portion includes a first sealing portion disposed on the first side wall, a second sealing portion disposed on the second side wall, and a third sealing portion connecting the first sealing portion and the second sealing portion. The first sealing portion is folded in a direction away from the second wall. The third sealing portion extends from the first sealing portion and beyond the first side, and the third sealing portion is folded toward a plane at which the second side wall is located. The second sealing portion is folded toward the second wall. As the first sealing portion and the second sealing portion are folded in opposite directions, a folding thickness of the third sealing portion in the packaging structure is reduced, which is conducive to stability of the packaging structure and also reduces a breakage probability of a folded side of the third sealing portion and space occupied by the packaging structure. 
     In an embodiment of this application, a junction of the sealing portion and the accommodating portion is located between a first plane at which the first wall is located and a second plane at which the second wall is located, so that the packaging structure has a double-concave portion structure. As the third sealing portion is located between the first plane at which the first wall is located and the second plane at which the second wall is located, the third sealing portion does not extend beyond the accommodating portion in a thickness direction, further reducing the space occupied by the packaging structure. 
     In an embodiment of this application, a portion of the second sealing portion protruding from the second wall is folded toward the second wall, further reducing the space occupied by the packaging structure. 
     In an embodiment of this application, the sealing portion is connected to a junction of the second wall and the first side wall and a junction of the second wall and the second side wall, so that the packaging structure has a single-concave portion structure. Further, the second sealing portion is bent toward the second wall, further reducing the space occupied by the packaging structure. 
     In an embodiment of this application, the sealing portion is connected to a junction of the first wall and the first side wall and a junction of the first wall and the second side wall, so that the packaging structure has a single-concave portion structure. 
     In an embodiment of this application, the sealing portion and the accommodating portion are bonded by using an adhesive layer to increase stability of the packaging structure. 
     In an embodiment of this application, the second sealing portion includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion intersects the second portion at a second side. The first portion is connected to the second side wall, the second portion is connected to the first portion and the third sealing portion, and the second portion is folded along the second side on a surface of the first portion that faces away from the accommodating portion. The second portion is not stacked with the third sealing portion, reducing a thickness of the packaging structure in the direction along the first wall. 
     In an embodiment of this application, a battery core includes an electrode assembly and the foregoing packaging structure. The electrode assembly includes a first electrode plate, a second electrode plate, and a separator disposed between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate. The packaging structure packages the electrode assembly. 
     In an embodiment of this application, the battery core further includes a tab. The tab is connected to the first electrode plate, and is clipped to the first sealing portion or the second sealing portion. The tab protrudes from the packaging structure along the first sealing portion or the second sealing portion. 
     In an embodiment of this application, a packaging structure includes a first housing and a second housing. The first housing is provided with a first concave portion. The second housing is connected to the first housing to form a packaging body and a connecting portion, and the connecting portion is connected to the packaging body. The connecting portion is disposed at a junction of the first housing and the second housing. The connecting portion includes a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion. The first connecting portion is bent toward the first housing; and the second connecting portion is bent toward the second housing. The first sealing portion and the second sealing portion are bent in opposite directions, which is conducive to stability of the packaging structure. 
     In an embodiment of this application, the first housing includes a first wall and a first side wall extending from an edge of the first wall and the first wall surrounds the first wall, and an included angle between the first connecting portion and the first side wall is less than 90 degrees, reducing space occupied by the first connecting portion along a width direction of the packaging body and reducing a volume of the packaging structure. Preferably, the included angle between the first connecting portion and the first side wall is less than 10 degrees. Further, the first connecting portion and the first side wall are bonded by using a first adhesive layer, which is conducive to stability of the packaging structure. 
     In an embodiment of this application, the second housing is provided with a second concave portion, and the first concave portion and the second concave portion are disposed opposite to each other to form the packaging body. The second housing includes a second wall and a second side wall formed by extending from an edge of the second wall and the second side wall surrounds the second wall, and an included angle between the second connecting portion and the second side wall is less than 90 degrees, reducing space occupied by the second connecting portion along a length direction of the packaging body and reducing the volume of the packaging structure. Preferably, the included angle between the second connecting portion and the second side wall is less than 10 degrees. Further, the second connecting portion and the second side wall are bonded by using a second adhesive layer, which is conducive to stability of the packaging structure. 
     In an embodiment of this application, the second housing includes a flat second wall, and the connecting portion is disposed at a junction of the first housing and the second wall. The second connecting portion is bent toward the second wall, reducing space occupied by the second connecting portion along a length direction of the packaging body and reducing a volume of the packaging structure. The second connecting portion and the second wall are bonded by using a third adhesive layer, which is conducive to stability of the packaging structure. 
     In an embodiment of this application, the first housing includes a first flange connected to the packaging body, and the second housing includes a second flange connected to the packaging body. The first flange and the second flange are bonded to form the connecting portion. The connecting portion does not extend beyond the packaging body in a thickness direction of the packaging body, further reducing the volume of the packaging structure. 
     In an embodiment of this application, the connecting portion includes a third connecting portion that connects the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion. The third connecting portion partially overlaps the first connecting portion or the second connecting portion. Further, the third connecting portion is bonded to the first connecting portion or the second connecting portion at an overlapping portion by using a fourth adhesive layer, which is conducive to stability of the packaging structure. 
     In an embodiment of this application, a battery core includes an electrode assembly and the foregoing packaging structure that packages the electrode assembly. The electrode assembly includes a first electrode plate, a second electrode plate, and a separator disposed between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate. 
     In an embodiment of this application, the battery core further includes a tab. The tab is connected to the first electrode plate, and is clipped to the first connecting portion or the second connecting portion. The tab protrudes from the packaging structure along the first connecting portion or the second connecting portion. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1A  is a stereoscopic schematic diagram of a battery core according to an embodiment of this application; 
         FIG. 1B  is a disassembly schematic diagram of a packaging structure according to an embodiment of this application: 
         FIG. 2  is a stereoscopic schematic diagram of a battery core according to an embodiment of this application: 
         FIG. 3  is a stereoscopic schematic diagram of a battery core according to an embodiment of this application; 
         FIG. 4  is a stereoscopic schematic diagram of a battery core according to an embodiment of this application; 
         FIG. 5  is a stereoscopic schematic diagram of a battery core according to an embodiment of this application: 
         FIG. 6  is a stereoscopic schematic diagram of a battery core according to an embodiment of this application; 
         FIG. 7  is a stereoscopic schematic diagram of a battery core according to an embodiment of this application. 
         FIG. 8  is a stereoscopic schematic diagram of a battery core according to an embodiment of this application; and 
         FIG. 9  is a stereoscopic schematic diagram of a battery core according to an embodiment of this application. 
     
    
    
     REFERENCE NUMERALS OF MAIN ELEMENTS 
     
         
         
           
             Packaging structure  100   
             First housing  100   a    
             Second housing  100   b    
             First concave portion  10   a    
             First flange  30   a    
             First region  10   b    
             Second flange  30   b    
             Accommodating portion  10   
             Sealing portion  30   
             Adhesive layer  60   
             First adhesive layer  61   
             Second adhesive layer  63   
             Third adhesive layer  65   
             Fourth adhesive layer  67   
             First wall  11   
             Second wall  13   
             First side wall  15   
             Second side wall  17   
             First side  101   
             First sealing portion  31   
             Second sealing portion  33   
             Third sealing portion  35   
             First intersecting side  301   
             First portion  331   
             Second portion  333   
             Second side  105   
             Battery core  200   
             First tab  41   
             Second tab  43   
           
         
       
    
     This application will be further described in the following embodiments with reference to the foregoing accompanying drawings. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following clearly describes the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application. Apparently, the described embodiments are merely some but not all of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of this application. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein shall have the same meanings as those commonly understood by a person skilled in the technical field of this application. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are only used to describe specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit this application. 
     The following describes in detail some embodiments of this application with reference to the accompanying drawings. Without conflicts, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1A  to  FIG. 9 , a packaging structure  100  includes a first housing  100   a  and a second housing  100   b.    
     In some embodiments, the first housing  100   a  is provided with a first concave portion  10   a  and a first flange  30   a  connected to an opening of the first concave portion  10   a . The second housing  100   b  includes a first region  10   b  and a second flange  30   b  connected to an edge of the first region  10   b.    
     The first housing  100   a  and the second housing  100   b  are disposed opposite to each other and connected. The first concave portion  10   a  and the first region  10   b  are disposed opposite to each other, and the opening of the first concave portion  10   a  is connected to a peripheral edge of the first region  10   b  to form an accommodating portion  10 , that is, a packaging body. The first flange  30   a  is corresponding to and combined with the second flange  30   b  to form a sealing portion  30  that extends beyond the accommodating portion  10 , that is, a connecting portion. The sealing portion  30 , that is, the connecting portion, is disposed at a junction of the first concave portion  10   a  and the first region  10   b.    
     The sealing portion  30  is disposed on the surface of the accommodating portion  10  and is folded toward the accommodating portion  10 . The packaging structure  100  may further include an adhesive layer  60 . The adhesive layer  60  bonds the accommodating portion  10  and a surface of the sealing portion  30  that faces the accommodating portion  10 . 
     The accommodating portion  10  includes a first wall  11 , a second wall  13 , a first side wall  15  and a second side wall  17 . The first wall  11  and the second wall  13  are disposed oppose to each other, the first side wall  15  is connected to the first wall  11  and the second wall  13 , and the second side wall  17  is connected to the first wall  11  and the second wall  13 , and intersects with the first side wall  15  at a first side  101 . 
     In some embodiments, a width of the sealing portion  30  extending out of the accommodating portion  10  may be, but is not limited to, 0.7 mm to 2.7 mm. Preferably, the width of the sealing portion  30  extending out of the accommodating portion  10  is 1.7 mm. 
     The sealing portion  30  includes a first sealing portion  31  connected to the first side wall  15 , a second sealing portion  33  connected to the second side wall  17 , and a third sealing portion  35  connected to the first sealing portion  31  and the second sealing portion  33 . 
     The adhesive layer  60  may be bonded between at least one of these pairs; the first side wall  15  and a surface of the first sealing portion  31  that faces the first side wall  15 , the accommodating portion  10  and a surface of the second sealing portion  33  that faces the accommodating portion  10 , and the accommodating portion  10  and a surface of the third sealing portion  35  that faces the accommodating portion  10 . 
     In some embodiments, referring to  FIG. 1A  and  FIG. 1B , a junction of the sealing portion  30  and the accommodating portion  10  is located between a plane at which the first wall  11  is located and a plane at which the second wall  13  is located. In this case, the first region  10   b  is a concave portion, that is, a second concave portion. The first concave portion  10   a  and the second concave portion are disposed opposite to each other to form the accommodating portion  10 . The opening of the first concave portion  10   a  is connected to an opening of the second concave portion, which means that the packaging body has a double-concave portion structure. 
     The first concave portion  10   a  includes the first wall  11  and a first side wall  15   a  formed by extending from an edge of the first wall and surrounding the first wall  11 . The second concave portion includes the second wall  13  and a second side wall  15   b  formed by extending from an edge of the second wall  13  and surrounding the second wall  13 . 
     The first sealing portion  31 , that is, the first connecting portion, is bent toward a region of the accommodating portion  10  corresponding to the first housing  100   a . Specifically, the first sealing portion  31  is folded in a direction extending away from the second wall  13 . An included angle between the first sealing portion  31  and the first side wall  15   a  is less than 90 degrees. Preferably, the included angle between the first sealing portion  31  and the first side wall  15   a  is less than 10 degrees. 
     The third sealing portion  35  extends from the first sealing portion  31  and beyond the first side  101 , and the third sealing portion  35  is folded toward a plane at which the second side wall  17  is located. The third sealing portion  35  includes a first intersecting side  301  connected to the first sealing portion  31 . The second sealing portion  33  is folded toward the second wall  13 . 
     Specifically, the adhesive layer  60  includes a first adhesive layer  61  bonded between the first side wall  15  and a surface of the first sealing portion  31  that faces the first side wall  15 . 
     In some embodiments, referring to  FIG. 2 , the adhesive layer  60  may also be bonded between the second side wall  17  and a surface of the second sealing portion  33  that faces the second side wall  17 , or referring to  FIG. 3 , the adhesive layer  60  may also include a fourth adhesive layer  67  bonded between the second side wall  17  and a surface of the third sealing portion  35  that faces the second side wall  17 . 
     The second sealing portion  33  includes a first portion  331  (that is, a second connecting portion) and a second portion  333 , and the first portion  331  and the second portion  333  intersect at a second side  105  (that is, a second intersecting side). The first portion  331  is connected to the second side wall  17 , and the first portion  331 , that is, the second connecting portion, is bent toward a region of the accommodating portion  10  corresponding to the second housing  100   b . Specifically, an included angle between the first portion  331  and the second side wall  15   b  is less than 90 degrees. Preferably, the included angle between the first portion  331  and the second side wall  15   b  is less than 10 degrees. The second portion  333  is connected to the first portion  331  and the third sealing portion  35 , and the second portion  333  is folded along the second side  105  on a surface of the first portion  331  facing away from the accommodating portion  10 . 
     The third sealing portion  35  and the second portion  333  constitute a third connecting portion to connect the first connecting portion (that is, the first sealing portion  31 ) and the second connecting portion (that is, the first portion  331 ). The second portion  333  overlaps the first portion  331 . 
     An included angle between the first intersecting side  301  and the second side  105  is greater than or equal to 90 degrees. 
     In some embodiments, the third connecting portion may be in a shape of a right-angled trapezoid. 
     Specifically, the adhesive layer  60  may further include a second adhesive layer  63  disposed between the first portion  331  and the second side wall  17 . 
     In some embodiments, referring to  FIG. 3 , the adhesive layer  60  may also be extended from between the second side wall  17  and a surface of the third sealing portion  35  that faces the second side wall  17  to a region of the second portion  333  that faces the first portion  331  and a region of the first portion  331  that faces the second portion  333 . 
     Preferably, the first sealing portion  31  does not extend beyond the plane at which the first wall  11  is located, the second sealing portion  33  does not extend beyond the plane at which the second wall  13  is located, and the third sealing portion  35  does not extend beyond the plane at which the first wall  11  is located or the plane at which the second wall  13  is located. That is, the sealing portion  30  does not extend beyond the accommodating portion  10  in a thickness direction of the accommodating portion  10 . More preferably, the sealing portion  30  is located between the plane at which the first wall  11  is located and the plane at which the second wall  13  is located. 
     More preferably, the first sealing portion  31  is stacked on the first side wall  15 , the second sealing portion  33  is stacked on the second side wall  17 , and the third sealing portion  35  is stacked on the second side wall  17 . 
     In some embodiments, the first sealing portion  31  may protrude from the first wall  11 , the second sealing portion  33  may protrude from the second wall  13 , and the third sealing portion  35  may protrude from the first wall  11 . When the second sealing portion  33  protrudes from the second wall  13 , the portion of the second sealing portion  33  protruding from the second wall  13  is stacked on the second wall  13 , and the adhesive layer  60  may also be disposed between the second wall  13  and the portion of the second sealing portion  33  protruding from the second wall  13  to bond the second sealing portion  33  and the second wall  13 . 
     In some embodiments, referring to  FIG. 4 ,  FIG. 5  and  FIG. 6 , the sealing portion  30  is connected to a junction of the second wall  13  and the first side wall  15 , and a junction of the second wall  13  and the second side wall  17 . Specifically, the first sealing portion  31  is connected to the junction of the second wall  13  and the first side wall  15 , and the second sealing portion  33  is connected to the junction of the second wall  13  and the second side wall  17 . In this case, the first region  10   b  is flat, the first concave portion  10   a  and the first region  10   b  constitute the accommodating portion  10 , and the opening of the first concave portion  10   a  is connected to a peripheral edge of the first region  10   b . This means that the packaging body has a single-concave portion structure. 
     In some embodiments, referring to  FIG. 4  and  FIG. 5 , the first sealing portion  31  is folded in a direction extending away from the second wall  13 . The third sealing portion  35  extends from the first sealing portion  31  and beyond the first side  101 , and the third sealing portion  35  is folded toward a plane at which the second side wall  17  is located. The second sealing portion  33  is stacked on the second wall  13 . 
     In this embodiment, the first sealing portion  31  does not protrude from the first wall  11 . Preferably, the first sealing portion  31  is stacked on the first side wall  15 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , the adhesive layer  60  is bonded between the first side wall  15  and a surface of the first sealing portion  31  that faces the first side wall  15 . 
     In some embodiments, referring to  FIG. 4 , the adhesive layer  60  may include a third adhesive layer  65  bonded between the second wall  13  and a surface of the second sealing portion  33  that faces the second wall  13 . 
     In some embodiments, referring to  FIG. 5 , the adhesive layer  60  may further be bonded between the second side wall  17  and a surface of the third sealing portion  35  that faces the second side wall  17 . 
     In some other embodiments, the first sealing portion  31  may alternatively protrude from the first wall  11 . 
     In some other embodiments, referring to  FIG. 6 , the first sealing portion  31  is connected to the junction of the second wall  13  and the first side wall  15 , and the second sealing portion  33  is connected to the junction of the second wall  13  and the second side wall  17 . The first sealing portion  31  is folded in a direction extending away from the second wall  13 . The third sealing portion  35  is folded toward the second side wall  17 . The second sealing portion  33  is folded in a direction extending away from the first wall  11 . The adhesive layer  60  may be bonded between the first side wall  15  and a surface of the first sealing portion  31  that faces the first side wall  15 , or may be bonded between the second side wall  17  and a surface of the third sealing portion  35  that faces the second side wall  17 . 
     In some embodiments, referring to  FIG. 7 , the sealing portion  30  is connected to a junction of the first wall  11  and the first side wall  15 , and a junction of the first wall  11  and the second side wall  17 . Specifically, the first sealing portion  31  is connected to the junction of the first wall  11  and the first side wall  15 , and the second sealing portion  33  is connected to the junction of the first wall  11  and the second side wall  17 . In this case, a region of the first housing  100   a  at which the first concave portion  10   a  is originally disposed is flat and defined as a second region, and the first region  10   b  is a concave portion, namely, a second concave portion. The second concave portion and the second region constitute the accommodating portion  10 , and an opening of the second concave portion is connected to a peripheral edge of the second region. This means that the packaging body has a single-concave portion structure. 
     The first sealing portion  31  is folded in a direction extending away from the second wall  13 , and is on a side of the first wall  11  that faces away from the second wall  13 . The third sealing portion  35  extends from the first sealing portion  31  and beyond the first side  101 , and the third sealing portion  35  is folded toward the plane at which the second side wall  17  is located and is on the side of the first wall  11  that faces away from the second wall  13 . The second sealing portion  33  is folded toward the second wall  13 . 
     In this embodiment, the second sealing portion  33  does not protrude from the second wall  13 . Preferably, the second sealing portion  33  is stacked on the second side wall  17 . 
     The adhesive layer  60  is bonded between the second side wall  17  and a surface of the second sealing portion  33  that faces the second side wall  17 . 
     In some other embodiments, the second sealing portion  33  may alternatively protrude from the second wall  13 . Preferably, a portion of the second sealing portion  33  protruding from the second wall  13  may further be folded toward the second wall  13 . Preferably, the portion of the second sealing portion  33  protruding from the second wall  13  is stacked on the second wall  13 . In this case, the adhesive layer  60  may also be disposed between the second wall  13  and the portion of the second sealing portion  33  protruding from the second wall  13  to bond the second sealing portion  33  and the second wall  13 . Referring to  FIG. 1  to  FIG. 9 , the foregoing packaging structure  100  is applied to a battery core  200 . The battery core  200  further includes an electrode assembly (not shown), and the electrode assembly includes a first electrode plate, a second electrode plate, and a separator disposed between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate. The accommodating portion  10  accommodates the electrode assembly, and cooperates with the sealing portion  30  to package the electrode assembly. The accommodating portion  10  may further accommodate an electrolyte (not shown). 
     The battery core  200  further includes a first tab  41  and a second tab  43 . 
     In some embodiments, referring to  FIG. 1  to  FIG. 7 , the first tab  41  is clipped to the first sealing portion  31  and extends along the first sealing portion  31  so that one end of the first tab  41  protrudes from the packaging structure  100 , and the other end of the first tab  41  is located in the accommodating portion  10  to connect the first electrode plate. 
     The second tab  43  is clipped to the first sealing portion  31  and extends along the first sealing portion  31  so that one end of the second tab  43  protrudes from the packaging structure  100 , and the other end of the second tab  43  is located in the accommodating portion  10  to connect the second electrode plate. 
     A portion of the first tab  41  protruding from the first sealing portion  31  and a portion of the second tab  43  protruding from the first sealing portion  31  may be arranged along the direction of the first side wall  15 , and extend beyond the first wall  11  to facilitate connection with other electronic elements. 
     In some embodiments, referring to  FIG. 8 , the first tab  41  is clipped to the second sealing portion  33  and extends along the second sealing portion  33  so that one end of the first tab  41  protrudes from the packaging structure  100 , and the other end of the first tab  41  is located in the accommodating portion  10  to connect the first electrode plate. 
     The second tab  43  is clipped to the second sealing portion  33  and extends along the second sealing portion  33  so that one end of the second tab  43  protrudes from the packaging structure  100 , and the other end of the second tab  43  is located in the accommodating portion  10  to connect the second electrode plate. 
     A portion of the first tab  41  protruding from the second sealing portion  33  and a portion of the second tab  43  protruding from the second sealing portion  33  may be arranged along the direction of the second side wall  17 , and extend beyond the second side wall  17  to facilitate connection with other electronic elements. 
     In some embodiments, the region of the first tab  41  located outside the packaging structure  100  and the region of the second tab  43  located outside the packaging structure  100  may alternatively be arranged along another direction. For example, referring to  FIG. 9 , the portion of the fast tab  41  protruding from the first sealing portion  31  and the portion of the second tab  43  protruding from the first sealing portion  31  may be arranged perpendicular to the first side wall  15 . 
     The packaging structure  100  in this application has a simple structure. The adhesive layer  60  bonds the accommodating portion and a face of the sealing portion that faces the accommodating portion, which is conducive to stability of the packaging structure and avoids rebounding of the bent sealing portion. In addition, when the battery core  200  uses the packaging structure  100 , an adhesive layer is disposed between the accommodating portion and the sealing portion provided with the tab, which helps reducing the risk of direct contact between the tab and the packaging structure. 
     In addition, a person of ordinary skills in the art can make various changes and modifications based on the technical concept of this application, and all these changes and modifications should fall within the protection scope of this application.