Patent Publication Number: US-2023142120-A1

Title: Fire extinguishing equipment with fire nozzle

Description:
FIELD OF AT 
     The present invention relates to a fire extinguishing equipment with fire fighting nozzle, designed in the form of a gas-dynamic nozzle, connected to a mixing chamber, which has supply inlets of a gaseous working medium and liquid, where chambers are arranged for the generation of a two-phase bubble-structured stream. 
     PRIOR STATE OF THE ART 
     Known in the art is a fire nozzle, made in the form of a gas-dynamic nozzle connected to a mixing chamber with inlets for supply of a gaseous working medium, liquid and foaming agent (Patent RU for utility model no. 164658, MPT A62C 3/00, publ. 09/10/2016). 
     The drawbacks of the design are the structural complexity due to the existence of three separate inlets of air, water and foaming agent, the incapacity to work without a foaming agent and the limited possibilities to provide for a fine dispersion, the performance and the reach of the stream. 
     The most analogous engineering solution to the proposed one is a fire nozzle, where the gas-dynamic nozzle is connected to a mixing chamber designated for mixing liquid and gaseous working medium connected to a liquid supply, that has an inlet for the supply of a gaseous working medium. The liquid and gas mixer of the fire nozzle is made in the form of a chamber for the generation of a two-phase dispersion stream with inlets for supply of liquid and gas and a chamber for the generation of a two-phase bubble-structured stream connected to inlets for the supply of liquid and gas (Patent RU no. 2236876, MPT A62C 3/00, published on 27 Sep. 2004). 
     The drawbacks of the design are the structural complexity and high consumption of the extinguishing medium to achieve an effective reach to extinguish fires of high radiation intensity high-rise fires etc. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The said drawbacks are removed or significantly limited in case of the fire extinguishing equipment with fire fighting nozzle according to the present invention, which is based on the fact, that the fire nozzle in the form of a gas-dynamic nozzle is connected to a mixing chamber fitted with inlets for the supply of a gaseous working medium and liquid, where the chamber for the formation of a two-phase bubble-structured stream is, connected to inlets for the supply of liquid and gas, made in the form of a mixing block, comprising a front partition and a rear partition, in between which pipe mixers are installed. The rear partition is in a chamber with separate liquid and air inlets. The air inlet is between the partitions. Inlet orifices of all mixers comprise confusors and they are connected to a chamber for the supply of liquid. In the pipe mixers, from the side of the rear parallel partition are side orifices, on the opposite sides of the mixers are diffusers, with their outlet ends placed in the orifices of the second partition with gaps. For a given water flow P w  (l/s) the number of mixers is determined as P w (l/s):(1.9-: −2.1) and the air flow as P a  (l/s)×(40-:−28). 
     In more detail: 
     The fire nozzle of a cylindrical shape comprises a mixing chamber, which is in the direction of flow fitted with a rear partition and a front partition inserted into a chamber for the supply of water, a chamber for the supply of air and a dispersing chamber. The chamber for the supply of water is equipped with the supply of water and foam. The chamber for the supply of air is equipped with an inlet of a high-pressure air from the compressor. The dispersing chamber narrows into a gas-dynamic propelling nozzle. The fire nozzle with its particular structure is developed, to reduce the quantity of the extinguishing medium and to reduce the extinguishing time very significantly as well. The foam is mechanically adjusted, so as to reduce the extinguishing time up to ten times. Separate chambers for the supply of air and water, possibly with foam, are designed, to produce the resulting effect of a high-speed dynamic stream with an extreme extinguishing efficiency. 
     In the example embodiment between the rear partition and the front partition of the mixing chamber a mixing block is situated, equipped with mixers, in between which gaps are situated. This structural solution allows for the generation of a two-phase gas-dynamic high-speed stream, which is formed right in this part of the fire extinguishing equipment. 
     Each mixer is located between the rear partition with orifices for air suction and the front partition with gaps, where the mixer is equipped with a confusor and a diffusor. The internal structural arrangement of the individual parts of each of the mixers allows to generate a two-phase gas-dynamic high-efficiency extinguishing stream. 
     It was found by way of an experiment, that extinguishing fires by a far-reach dispersion stream is most effective when droplets sizes range from 100 μm to 300 μm, for which the air to water weight ratio must be 1:(40-28), and the water flow through one mixer 1.9-2.1 V/s. When several parallel-working mixers are used instead of a single mixer an extinguishing stream with a longer reach is formed. To attain a water flow in the mixing chamber of 60-66 liters/s a block of 30-33 mixers must be used. 
     The mixer consumption was selected by way of an experiment based on a consideration of a liquid and gas mixing evenly. It is affected by the speed of liquid, pressure and volume of air supplied into the mixing chamber. The speed of liquid depends on the cross section and pressure, generated by the pump. The flow of 2 l/s has been selected for water pressure of about 8-10 bar. 
     The fire extinguishing equipment has a control unit, which is equipped with a remote control. The fire nozzle is connected to a rotating mechanism providing for its vertical and horizontal rotation. The water or foam inlet into the mixing chamber is connected through a high-pressure water pump with a tank of foaming agent. 
     The fire extinguishing equipment with fire nozzle may in one preferred embodiment according to the present invention have the fire nozzle connected to a compressor of a gas-turbine engine. The advantage in this case is the connection of the fire nozzle through a flap valve to the compressor of a gas-turbine engine with the gas turbine, where the gas turbine is equipped with a combustion chamber for fuel combustion and with a heat exchanger for the cooling of the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is connected to the compressor and a fuel system. The pump for water injection is connected to jets, specifically to the jet for the spraying of water into the compressor of the gas-turbine engine, and to the jet for the injection of a superheated steam into the combustion chamber of the gas-turbine engine and it is also connected to the jet for water injection into exhaust fumes of the gas-turbine engine. 
     The fire extinguishing equipment with fire nozzle can have in another preferred embodiment according to the present invention the fire nozzle connected to a screw compressor connected to a diesel engine. In this case the fire nozzle is connected to two basic circuits, specifically to the air treatment circuit with a diesel engine with a screw compressor and to the water and foam treatment circuit including a diesel engine connected to a high-pressure water pump. 
     The air treatment circuit includes a fire nozzle connected through a mixing chamber to an inlet of high-pressure air from the compressor and this inlet is connected to an air control electromagnetic flow valve, which is connected through an air swing check valve to the screw compressor propelled by the diesel engine, equipped with an electro generator and an accumulator. 
     The engine is equipped with a control and synchronization unit and it is connected to a fuel system. The mixing chamber is supplied with air and water, or possibly with foam. The inlet of high-pressure air from the compressor in combination with the air control electromagnetic flow valve provides for an uninterrupted and regulated supply of air into the mixing chamber. The air check flap valve protects the compressor from flooding with water, in particular in case of a breakdown. The control and synchronization unit provides for a regulated and uninterrupted operation of both diesel engines. 
     The water and foam treatment circuit includes a fire nozzle connected through the mixing chamber to the water and foam supply. The supply is connected to a water and foam mixer, which is connected to an injector and electromagnetic flow valve of extinguishing foam, connected to a tank of foaming agent. This arrangement provides for the possibility of extinguishing works in separate regimes, either extinguishing with water alone or with water with foam. The water and foam mixer is connected to a water control electromagnetic flow valve, connected to a water swing check valve, connected to a high-pressure water pump, connected to a diesel engine gearbox. 
     This arrangement with a water swing check valve ensures, there will be no damage to the water circuit by the pressure of air from the compressor. 
     The diesel engine is equipped with a generator and an accumulator and it is connected to a control and synchronization unit and it is linked with a fuel system. This arrangement is advantageous, since there is no need, like for an aeronautical compressor, of a tank of special fuel because the fire extinguishing equipment according to the present invention uses only one type of fuel, e.g. diesel. 
     The high-pressure water pump can be connected to a utility water collector and a suction strainer. Depending on the circumstances it is possible to use natural water reservoirs. The fire extinguishing equipment works even with seawater. 
     The high-pressure water pump may be connected to a drinking water collector connected to a municipal water supply network. If no utility water is available the fire extinguishing equipment can be connected to a water supply network. 
     The fire extinguishing equipment with fire nozzle is apart from the two circuits equipped with a remote control of a control unit, connected to a rotating mechanism of the fire nozzle, where the control unit is connected to a thermal image detection. The fire extinguishing equipment can be remotely controlled by computer, or by phone. The operation of the rotating mechanism is fully automatic. The thermal image detection determines the volume and direction of the extinguishing stream. The control unit can be controlled remotely as well, e.g. from a control room, from a supervision center. 
     The main advantage of the fire extinguishing equipment design according to the present invention is, that it allows to extinguish fires up to a height of 80 m, which is of a particular advantage in case of high-rise buildings and to extinguish fires from larger distances, up to 120 m, which is an advantage in case of an inaccessible terrain, or high temperatures, or a potential risk of explosion etc. The fire extinguishing equipment is a typified container, which can be carried by any truck of the appropriate size. The fire extinguishing equipment is mobile and can be transported if need be, e.g. by truck. 
     Another big advantage of this invention is, that the produced extinguishing mixture of water and air, which is highly effective in extinguishing fires and attains a particularly long reach of the extinguishing medium, not attainable in the usual ways. Diesel engines are commonly available, easy to maintain and to operate and by controlling these engines, a regulated dispersion stream is produced. The air circuit separated from the water and foam circuit contributes to a safe operation and easy-to-navigate and simple maintenance. The diesel engine combined with a screw compressor provides for an uninterrupted and regulated air supply. The diesel engine connected to a high-pressure water pump provides for the required volume of liquid in proportion to air. 
     Having perused scientific and technical literature and patent documents the applicant has not found any other engineering solutions in an analogous direction with a similar set of essential features. The proposed fire nozzle can be produced using a known technology from known materials. 
     The proposed fire extinguishing equipment, made according to the present invention and based on the principles of a gas-dynamic technology, made it possible to create an innovative and unique fire extinguishing equipment of a very high performance with a two-phase dispersed stream. To the best of our knowledge, there is no similar fire extinguishing equipment of such a type in the world, which would be able to fight high-intensity fires in a large area so effectively. The fire extinguishing equipment according to the present invention also uses different media, it is suitable for extinguishing even extremely difficult fires, including extinguishing forest fires, extinguishing of oil spills, extinguishing of facilities with increased radiation, extinguishing construction site fires or high-rise fires, in case of poor accessibility of the site, such as due to a blocked road, in chemical plants and many others. 
     The fire extinguishing equipment according to the present invention is characterized by a high mobility, complies with the requirements for prompt carriage and presentation, as well as an easy installation and it can be used in a wide range of conditions. It is manufactured, for example as a series container 20 feet (6.096 m) long, which ensures versatility and comfortable placement of the system on mobile carriers—truck, rail or sea, as well as on stationary platforms of fire extinguishing systems, also in areas, where the strictest of requirements are applied to fire safety, such as oil refineries, tanker fleets, sea ports, airports and many others. 
     The fire extinguishing equipment according to the present invention has other advantages:
         safer passing of the distance to the seat of fire, because the fire nozzle provides for the reach of the extinguishing medium to a large distance of about 85 to 120 meters;   tearing apart of the flame is ensured by a high speed of the stream, which reaches up to 100 m/s;   prevention of access of an oxidizer (air) into the zone of fire;   conduction of heat away from the zone of fire;   owing to the dimensions of droplets in the extinguishing stream in the order of sizes of about 150-350 μm, an extremely fast evaporation then occurs, compared to the existing extinguishing systems.       

     Compared to the existing extinguishing devices, the fire extinguishing equipment according to the present invention allows to:
         provide the working fluid on the outlet with flow and speed, which is multiple times higher than the one of the existing technologies;   provide for the supply of minimum required volume of the extinguishing liquid to long distances, practically by doubling the length of reach;   provide for an optimum dispersion of droplets in the stream or particles in the seat and surroundings of the fire (size ˜150 μm);   reduce the consumption of the extinguishing medium per unit of the area of fire to one half;   extinguish fires, which are difficult or impossible to extinguish from a short distance;   shorten the fire extinguishing time;   reduce damages caused by the fire extinguishing means used.       

     The fire extinguishing equipment has a reach up to 120 meters and ensures the height of the extinguishing stream of up to 80 meters. The water supply pressure required is about 1-1.3 MPa. Horizontal rotation of the fire nozzle is up to 350 degrees. The fire extinguishing equipment can work within the temperature range from minus 40° C. to plus 40° C. The ascent/descent angle of the fire nozzle is +65/−5 degrees. Water consumption is about 60 l/s. 
     The applicants compared tests of the fire extinguishing equipment according to the present invention with standard fire extinguishing device. Fire of an oil storage on the area of about 620 m 2  and about 28 m in diameter was being extinguished. 
     When the fire extinguishing equipment according to the present invention was used only one fire extinguishing equipment according to the present invention was used, without a helicopter with the extinguishing medium, and with 2 operators the fire was extinguished in 2.4 minutes. 
     When standard fire extinguishing devices were used 111 fire extinguishing trucks, 3 helicopters with the extinguishing medium, about 300 firemen were used. The fire was extinguished in about 17 hours. 
     Other virtues of the fire extinguishing equipment according to the present invention are shown in the examples of embodiment. 
    
    
     
       OVERVIEW OF THE FIGURES IN DRAWINGS 
       The subject matter of the fire extinguishing equipment is described in detail below in the example embodiment and explained in the drawings, which show a nonrestrictive example of the application of this equipment, where 
         FIG.  1 A  shows a block scheme of the fire extinguishing equipment with fire nozzle, connected to a compressor of a gas-turbine engine; 
         FIG.  1 B  shows a block scheme of the fire extinguishing equipment fire extinguishing equipment with fire nozzle, connected to a screw compressor, connected to a diesel engine; 
         FIG.  2    shows a longitudinal section of the fire nozzle; 
         FIG.  3    shows an axonometric view of the block of mixers in detail; 
         FIG.  4    shows a longitudinal section through the pipe mixer; 
         FIG.  5    shows on the vertical axis the size of droplets on the outlet of the mixer in micrometers, on the horizontal axis the flow of gas (air) through the mixer in grams per second, 
         FIG.  6    shows on the vertical axis the size of droplets on the outlet form the mixer in micrometers, on the horizontal axis the flow diameter of the mixer in millimeters; 
         FIG.  7    shows an axonometric view of the fire extinguishing equipment from  FIG.  1 A  from the side of the high-pressure water pump; 
         FIG.  8    shows an axonometric view of the fire extinguishing equipment from  FIG.  7    from the opposite side from the side of the compressor; 
         FIG.  9    shows a side view from  FIG.  8   ; and 
         FIG.  10    shows a view from above of the fire extinguishing equipment from  FIGS.  7  and  8   . 
     
    
    
     EXAMPLES OF THE INVENTION EMBODIMENT 
     Example 1 
     (FIGS.  1 A,  2 - 6 ) 
     Fire Fighting Nozzle  18  Connected to a Compressor  7  of a Gas-Turbine Engine  4 . 
     Figure descriptions: mounting frame  1 , control unit  2 , electro generator  3  of the engine  4  with a gas turbine, turbine  5  of the engine  4 , combustion chamber  6  of the engine  4 , compressor  7  of the engine  4 , fuel system  8  of the engine  4 , pump  6  for water injection, drive  10  of the pump  9  for water injection, filter  11  of fine water purification, collector  12  of water, turn-on valve  13  for water injection, jets  14  for spraying water into the compressor  7  of the engine  4 , jets  15  for the injection of superheated steam into the combustion chamber  6  of the engine  4 , jet  16  for water injection into exhaust fumes of the engine  4 , heat exchanger  17 , fire fighting nozzle  18 , mixing chamber  19 , propelling nozzle  20 , gas-droplet dispersed stream  21 , rotating mechanism  22  of the fire nozzle  18 , inlet  23  of compressed air into the mixing chamber  19 , inlet  24  of water or foam into the mixing chamber  19 , controllable air non-return flap  25 , high-pressure water pump  26 , drive  27  of the water pump  26 , clutch  28 , valve  29  for shutting off water or foam mixture, collector  30  of water for high-pressure pump  26 , tank  31  of foaming agent, valve  32  on the main foam supply, mixer  33  of foam, remote control  34 , block  35  of mixers, rear partition  36 , front partition  37 , mixer  38 , dispersing chamber  39 , chamber  40  for the supply of water, chamber  41  for the supply of air, gaps  42  between the partition  37  and mixers  38 , confusor  43  and diffusor  44  of the mixer  38 , cylindrical component  45  of the mixer  38 , orifices  46  in the partition  37  for air suction of the mixer  38 . 
       FIG.  1 A  shows a block scheme of the fire extinguishing equipment with fire nozzle  18 , connected to the compressor  7  of a gas-turbine engine  4 . 
     The fire extinguishing equipment is put in a mounting frame  1  marked with a circumferential frame with a dashed line. Inside the mounting frame  1  full lines depict air and water pipes and broken lines mark electric installations. 
     The fire extinguishing equipment comprises a control unit  2  equipped with a remote control  34  to control the equipment. The control unit  2  is connected to an electro generator  3  of the engine  4  with a gas turbine  5 , which propels the compressor  7 . The gas turbine  5  is equipped with a combustion chamber  6  for fuel combustion and a heat exchanger  17  for the cooling of the combustion chamber  6 . The combustion chamber  6  is connected to the compressor  7  and a fuel system  8 . 
     The pump  9  for the injection of water is equipped with a drive  10 , a suction filter  11  for fine water purification and a collector  12  of water. 
     Over the pump  9  for the injection of water is placed a turn-on valve  13 . The turn-on valve  13  is connected to a jet  14  for the spraying of water into the compressor  7  of the gas-turbine engine  4 , and it is further connected to a jets for the injection of superheated steam into the combustion chamber  6  of the gas-turbine engine  4  and it is also connected to a jet  16  for the injection of water into exhaust fumes of the gas-turbine engine  4 . The turn-on valve  13  is also connected to a high-pressure water pump  26 , which is connected by a clutch  28  to a drive  27  of the water pump  26 . 
     The high-pressure water pump  26  is connected to a water collector  30 . The high-pressure pump  26  is also connected to a foam mixer  33  which is connected through a valve  32  of the main foam supply with a foaming agent tank  31 . The foam mixer  33  is connected to a valve  29  for shutting off water or foam mixture for the water or foam inlet  24  into the mixing chamber  19  of the fire nozzle  18 . 
     The compressor  7  of the gas-turbine engine  4  is connected to a controllable no-return air flap  25 , which is connected to an air/gas inlet  23  from the compressor  7  of the gas-turbine engine  4 . The mixing chamber  19  of the fire nozzle  18  is connected to a rotating mechanism  22 . The fire nozzle  18  is aligned with a gas-dynamic propelling nozzle  20  for the generation of a high-speed dispersive stream  21 . 
     The control unit  2  is connected to a fuel system  8  for the control of fuel supply into the combustion chamber  6  of the gas-turbine engine  4 . The control unit  2  is connected to all shut-off and turn-on valves, specifically the valve  13  for the injection of water into the compressor  7 , valve  29  for shutting off water or foam mixture into the foam mixer  33  and valve  32  on the main foam supply. The control unit  2  is also connected to a controllable air non-return flap  25 , pump  9  for the injection of water and drive  27  of the high-pressure water pump  26 . 
       FIG.  2    shows a schematic drawing of the fire nozzle  18  in longitudinal section. The fire nozzle  18  of a cylindrical shape contains a mixing chamber  1 , which is in the direction of flow, indicated with an arrow, split by a rear partition  36  and a front partition  37  to chambers  39 ,  40 ,  41 ; specifically in the direction of flow to the chamber  40  for the supply of water, the chamber  41  for the supply of air and the dispersing chamber  39 . The chamber  40  is equipped with a water and foam inlet  24 . The chamber  41  is equipped with an inlet  23  of compressed air from the compressor  7  (not depicted here). The dispersing chamber  39  narrows into a gas-dynamic propelling nozzle  20 , from which a high-speed dispersive stream  21  comes out. 
     Between the rear partition  36  and the front partition  37 , a mixing block  35  is situated, equipped with mixers  38 , in between which gaps  42  are situated. 
       FIG.  3    shows a detail of an axonometric view of the mixing block  35  with the rear partition  36  and the front partition  37 . 
       FIG.  4    shows one mixer  38  in longitudinal section, situated between the rear partition  36  with orifices  46  for the suction of air and the front partition  37  with gaps  42 . The mixer  38  is equipped with a confusor  43  and a diffusor  44 . 
     As shown in the chart in  FIG.  5   , the smallest dispersion is attained with the air flow through one mixer  38  of 50-70 g/s, but the selected engine  4  with a gas turbine  5  provides for 1.35-1.5 kg/s, and thus it is necessary to use 33 (thirty three) mixers  38  for the given water flow, and so dimensions of the mixer are selected providing for the air supply from 41 to 45 g/s. 
     A through-diameter of the mixer  38  ranging from 10 to 12 mm has been selected ( FIG.  6   ) because of the minimum size of droplets of 150 micrometers at the water pressure of 10-12 bar and water flow of 60-70 l/s, which is ensured by the selected high-pressure water pump E. 
     The Fire Extinguishing Equipment Works as Follows: 
     Internal diameter (caliber) of the mixer  38  has been selected based on the calculation of the water flow set point. Water consumption is selected based on the proportion of one weight part of air (gas) to 40-50 weight parts of water (liquid). Air volume is selected in regard to the required dispersion of droplets. The sizes of droplets range from 100 to 300 μm. 
     For the given dispersion of droplets an air flow of 50-70 g/s is necessary where the water flow through one mixer is 2 000 g/s (2 kg/s). For the water flow of 60-66 l/s through the mixing chamber  19  a block of 33 (thirty-three) mixers  38  is used. 
     The equipment is made ready for work in advance. The tank  31  gets filled with foaming agent. If the equipment is not stationary and it is in the required distance from the source of fire, the equipment will be carried into the fire extinguishing zone. 
     Then the engine  4  with a gas turbine  5  is started. The engine  4  with a gas turbine  5  is propelled by an electro generator  3 . A drive  27  of the high-pressure water pump  26  is started, which will set through the clutch  28  the water pump  26  into operation. 
     The high-pressure water pump  26  supplies the extinguishing liquid by pipe from an external source and from the compressor  7  of the engine  4  with a gas turbine  5  compressed air is blown in. In the mixing chamber  19  a mixture of droplets and gas is formed, which gains the operating speed in a gas-dynamic propelling nozzle  20 . 
     For the maximum fire ground coverage the fire nozzle  18  is rotated vertically and horizontally using a rotating mechanism  22 . The parameters of the gas-dynamic stream can be changed by setting the volume and pressure of supplied liquid, as well as by adjusting the gas flow and pressure by the control unit  2 , which controls the air no-return flap  25  and valve  29  for shutting off water or foam mixture. 
     When easily combustible materials are being extinguished a foaming agent, with which the tank  31  is filled is used. The valve  32  is opened and the foaming agent gets through the foam mixer  33  together with water into the fire nozzle  18 . On the outlet of the fire nozzle  18  a foam is formed, which crosses a distance of more than 100 meters, covers the seat of fire and prevents from the access of air. 
     If the surrounding temperature is more than 20 degrees Celsius the loss of performance of the engine  4  with a gas turbine  5  is compensated by switching on the drive  10  of the water injection pump  9 , which through the water collector  12  starts supplying water through the fine filter  11  and jet  14  into the compressor  7  of the engine  4  with a gas turbine  5 , and through jets  15 . The water, which passed through the heat exchanger  77 , gets injected as a steam into the combustion chamber  6  of the engine  4  with a gas turbine  5 , and through jets  16  it gets into the stream of exhaust fumes of the engine  4  with a gas turbine, to reduce its temperature. 
     The chamber  41  for the supply of air is separated from the chamber  40  for the supply of water by a rear partition  36  of the block  35  of mixers  38  and from the dispersing chamber  9  by a front partition  37  of the block of 35 mixers. The mixers  38  are fixed on a rear partition  36  of the mixing block  35  and enter by a gap  2  with the front part into the orifices  42  of the front partition  37  of the block  35  of mixers. The mixers  38  are pipe components with flow cross-section selected by way of an experiment. On the rear side there is a confusor  4  (liquid inlet) located, behind which is a cylindrical component  45  (of a constant cross-section) with radial-placed orifices  46  for air suction and with a diffusor  44 . 
     Led to the inlet  24  for supply of liquid into the water chamber  40  of the mixing chamber  19  is either water under pressure from the pump  26 , or a mixture of water and foaming agent from the foam mixer  33 , which gets into confusors  43  of the mixers of the block  3  and goes through the cylindrical component  45  of mixers  38  and then through diffusors  44  of the mixers  38 . At the same time a negative pressure is generated in the mixer  38 , which facilitates air suction through the orifices  46  of mixers  35  from the chamber  41  for the supply of air to the mixing chamber  19 . Air/gas comes out of the compressor  7  of the engine  4  with a gas turbine  5  and through an air non-return flap  2  through the compressed air inlet  23  it is led into the air supply chamber  41  of the mixing chamber  9 . A part of air goes through the gaps  42  between mixers  35 , and through the walls of the orifices  42  of the rear partition  37  of the block  35  of mixers it enters the dispersing chamber  39  of the mixing chamber  19  of the fire nozzle  18 . 
     In the process the gaseous medium is divided into two streams: the first one forms a two-phase bubble-structured stream and the second one propels in the gas-dynamic propelling nozzle  20  a high-pressure stream  21  of a dispersive structure. The two-phase bubble-structured stream is generated by mixing the first gas stream with a liquid in the cylindrical component  45  or after its prior acceleration for the reduction of pressure in the dispersing chamber  3  of the mixing chamber  19 . 
     The bubble stream from each of the diffusers  44  of mixers  38  is led into the dispersing chamber  39 , where intensive destruction takes place and its structure gets changed, possibly generating shock waves, depending on the parameter values, i.e. the bubble structure is transformed to a dispersed structure with the formation of tiny droplets. 
     The second stream of gas at the same time enters the dispersing chamber  39  of the mixing chamber  19  of liquid and gas, where a mixture of droplets and gas is formed by mixing the second stream with the dispersed stream. The mixture of droplets and gas so formed is led into the gas-dynamic propelling nozzle  20 , where it gains a predetermined speed and on the outlet from the nozzle  20  it forms a high-speed dispersive stream  21  with tiny dispersed droplets. 
     The applicant made and successfully tested prototypes of the proposed fire extinguishing equipment with fire nozzle  18 . It has been proved by the tests, that the fire extinguishing equipment provides for reduction of the consumption of extinguishing liquid and foam; high dispersion of droplets of the extinguishing liquid; an uninterrupted operation under conditions of extremely high temperatures of the surrounding air up to plus 60 degrees Celsius. 
     Example 2 
     (FIG.  1 B,  2 - 10 ) 
     The Fire Fighting Nozzle  18  is Connected to a Screw Compressor  50  Connected to a Diesel Engine  47   
       FIG.  1 B  shows a block scheme of the fire extinguishing equipment, with fire nozzle  18 , which is connected to a screw compressor  50  connected to a diesel engine  47 . The fire extinguishing equipment is placed on a structural mounting frame  1 , which may be inserted into a classical typified container. The fire extinguishing equipment has two basic circuits, a circuit I of air treatment and a circuit II of water and foam treatment, 
     The fire extinguishing equipment comprising a fire nozzle  18  with a gas-dynamic propelling nozzle  20  is connected to two basic circuits, specifically the circuit I of air treatment with a diesel engine  47  with a screw compressor  50  and the circuit II of water and foam treatment, comprising a diesel engine  27  connected to a high-pressure pump  26 . 
     The circuit I of air treatment comprises a fire nozzle  18  connected through the mixing chamber  19  to the inlet  2  of high-pressure air from the compressor  50 . This inlet  23  is connected to an air control electromagnetic flow valve  58 , which is through an air non-return flap  25  connected to a screw compressor  50  propelled by a diesel engine  47 . The diesel engine  47  is equipped with a generator  48  and an accumulator  49  and with a control and synchronization unit  62  for its control. The diesel engine  47  is connected to a fuel system  51  for fuel supply. 
     The circuit II of water and foam treatment comprises a fire nozzle  18  connected through the mixing chamber  19  with the supply  24  of water and foam, which is connected to a water and foam mixer  33 . The water and foam mixer  33  is connected to an injector  63  and an electromagnetic flow valve  61  of the extinguishing foam, connected to a tank  31  of foaming agent. Or the water and foam mixer  33  is connected to a water control electromagnetic flow valve  54 , connected to a water no-return flap  3 , connected to a high-pressure water pump  26  rotated by a gearbox  52  of the diesel engine  27 . The diesel engine  27  is equipped with a generator  3  and an accumulator  59 . The diesel engine  27  is controlled by a control and synchronization unit  62  and it is connected to a fuel system  51  for fuel supply. The circuit II of water treatment also comprises two water collectors  55 ,  56 , and depending on the circumstances it is possible to switch between the two. The collector  55  of utility water for the high-pressure pump  26  is connected to a suction strainer  57  (e.g., connected to a pond, river, water reservoir etc.). The other collector  56  of drinking water is connected to a municipal water supply network. The water filling pump  60  is connected to the high-pressure water pump  26 . 
     Apart from these circuits I, II the fire extinguishing equipment is equipped with a remote control  34  to control the system control unit  2 , connected to a rotating mechanism  22  of the fire nozzle  18 , where the control unit  2  is connected to a thermal image detection  64 , which provides it also with other data. 
       FIG.  2    shows a schematic longitudinal section of the fire nozzle  18 . The fire nozzle  18  of a cylindrical shape comprises a mixing chamber  19 , which is in the direction of flow, indicated by arrows, divided by a rear partition  36  and a front partition  37  to a chamber  40  for the supply of water, a chamber  41  for the supply of air and a dispersing chamber  39 . The chamber  40  is equipped with water and foam supply  24 . The chamber  41  is equipped with an inlet  23  of high-pressure air from the compressor  50 . The dispersing chamber  39  is narrowed into a gas-dynamic propelling nozzle  20 , from which a high-speed dispersive stream  21  comes out. 
     Between the rear partition  36  and the front partition  37  a mixing block  35  is situated, equipped with mixers  38 , in between which gaps  42  are situated. 
       FIG.  3    shows a detail of an axonometric view of the mixing block  35  with the rear partition  36  and the front partition  37 . 
       FIG.  4    shows one mixer  38  in longitudinal section, situated between the rear partition  36  with orifices  46  for suction of air and the front partition  37  with gaps  42 . The mixer  38  is equipped with a confusor  43  and a diffusor  44 . 
     As shown in the chart in  FIG.  5   , the smallest dispersion is attained with the air flow through one mixer  38  of 50-70 g/s. The selected diesel engine  4  with a screw compressor  50  provides for the flow of 1.35-1.5 kg/s of high-pressure air and in combination with the diesel engine  27 , which propels the high-pressure pump  2  they make up in terms of volume such a water and air flow, for which it is necessary to use 33 mixers  38 . Therefore the dimensions of the mixer  38  providing for the air supply from 41 to 45 g/s are selected. 
     A through-diameter of one mixer  38  ranges, e.g., from 10 to 12 mm and has been selected ( FIG.  6   ) because of the minimum size of droplets of 150 micrometers at the water pressure of 10-14 bar and water flow of 60-70 l/s, which is ensured by the above-mentioned high-pressure water pump  26 . 
       FIG.  6    shows the dependence of the size of droplets of the extinguishing mixture on the outlet from the mixer  38  in micrometers on the flow diameter of the mixer  38  in millimeters, where these values were obtained by way of an experiment. 
       FIGS.  7 ,  8    show axonometric views of the fire extinguishing equipment partly depicting the internal arrangement of the fire extinguishing equipment.  FIG.  7    shows the fire extinguishing equipment from the side of the high-pressure water pump  26 .  FIG.  8    shows an axonometric view of the fire extinguishing equipment from the opposite side of the compressor  50 . Both axonometric views in  FIGS.  8  and  9    schematically depict the internal arrangement of the extinguishing technology.  FIG.  9    shows a side view from  FIG.  7   , from which it is clear how the fire nozzle  18  is placed on the upper side of the container.  FIG.  10    shows a view from above of the fire extinguishing equipment from  FIGS.  7  and  8   . 
     The Fire Extinguishing Equipment Works as Follows: 
     Internal diameter (caliber) of the mixer  38  has been selected based on the calculation of the water flow set point. Water consumption is selected based on the proportion of one weight part of air (gas) to 40-50 weight parts of water (liquid). Air volume is selected in regard to the required dispersion of droplets. The sizes of droplets range from 100 to 300 μm. For the given dispersion of droplets an air flow of 50-70 g/s is necessary, with the water flow through one mixer  38  in the amount of 2 000 g/s (2 kg/s). For the water flow of 60-70 l/s through the mixing chamber  19  a block of 33 (thirty-three) mixers  38  is used. 
     Preparation for Work 
     The fire extinguishing equipment is made ready for work provided by an operating standard as follows: The tank  31  gets filled with foaming agent and the fuel system  51 , which provides for the operation of diesel engines  27 ,  47  gets filled. If the equipment is not stationary and it is not in the required distance from the source of fire, the equipment will be carried into the fire extinguishing zone. 
     Starting the Equipment: 
     By starting the fire extinguishing equipment the circuit I of air treatment (upper part of  FIG.  1 B ) gets activated. The control unit  2  and the synchronization unit  62  start the diesel engine  47  and start the screw compressor  50  spinning at the necessary speed, required for sufficient air pressure for the air inlet  23  into the mixing chamber  19 . The necessary air flow and pressure are evaluated by an air control electromagnetic flow valve  58 . On the air pipe an air non-return flap  25  is placed, which prevents from flooding the compressor  50  with water. To reach the necessary air pressure, the circuit II of water treatment (lower part of  FIG.  1 B ) gets activated automatically. The control unit  2  and the synchronization unit  62  start the diesel engine  27  of the high-pressure water pump  26 , which through a gearbox  52 , sets the water pump  26  into operation. Starting the diesel engine  27 , is conditional upon flooding the water system by a filling pump  6  either using a collector  55  of utility water and a suction strainer  57  or a direct inlet of drinking water by a collector  56  from a water supply network. 
     The high-pressure water pump  26  supplies the extinguishing liquid from an external source and the screw compressor  50  blows compressed air into the mixing chamber  19 . Then a mixture of droplets and gas is formed, which gains the operating speed in a gas-dynamic propelling nozzle  20 , where a high-speed dispersive stream  21  is formed. 
     For the maximum fire ground coverage the fire nozzle  18  is rotated vertically and horizontally and rotates using a rotating mechanism  22 . The fire extinguishing process is controlled either individually by an operator or automatically using a thermal image detection  64 . 
     The parameters of a high-speed gas-dynamic stream  21  can be changed by setting the volume and pressure of supplied liquid, as well as by adjusting the air flow and pressure by the system control unit  2 , which depending on the immediate needs evaluates data from the air electromagnetic flow valve  58  and water control electromagnetic flow valve  54 . By the control and synchronization unit of diesel engines  62 , speeds of both diesel engines (drives)  47 ,  62  can be regulated as necessary, and thus changing the performances of both the screw compressor  50 , and the high-pressure pump  26  and this way also changing the parameters and volume of the gas-dynamic stream  21 . 
     When necessary to extinguish the fire by foam a foaming agent, which fills the tank  31  is used. The electromagnetic flow valve  61  is opened and the foaming agent gets through the injector  63  and the foam and water mixer  33  foam into the mixing chamber  19  and together with water it gets into the fire nozzle  18 . On the outlet of the fire nozzle  18  a foam is thereby formed, which crosses a distance of more than 100 meters, covers the seat of fire and prevents from the access of air. 
     The chamber  41  for the supply of air, is separated from the chamber  40  for the supply of water by a partition  36  of the block  35  of mixers and from the dispersing chamber  39  by a partition  37  of the block of 35 mixers. Mixers  38  are fixed on a partition  36  of the mixing block  35  and enter by the gaps  42  with the front part into the orifices of the partition  37  of the block of mixers. The mixers  38  are pipe components of a flow cross-section selected by way of an experiment. On the rear partition  36  there is a confusor  43  (liquid inlet) located, behind which is a cylindrical component  45  (of a constant cross-section) with radial-placed orifices  46  for air suction and with a diffusor  44 . 
     Led to the inlet  24  for the supply of liquid  40  of the mixing chamber  19 , is either water under pressure from the pump  2  or a mixture of water and foaming agent from the water foam mixer  33 , which gets into confusors  43  of the mixers  35  and goes through the cylindrical component  45  of mixers  38  and then through diffusors  44  into the mixers  38 . At the same time a negative pressure is generated in the mixer  38 , which facilitates air suction through the orifices  46  of the block  35  of mixers  38  from the chamber  41  for the supply of air into the mixing chamber  19 . Air goes through the inlet  23  out of the compressor  50  of the diesel engine  41 . A part of air goes through the gaps  42  between mixers  38  and the walls of the orifices  46  of the rear partition  36  of the block  35  of mixers, and then it enters the dispersing chamber  39  of the mixing chamber  19  of the fire nozzle  18 . 
     In the process the gaseous medium is divided into two streams: the first one forms a two-phase bubble-structured stream and the second one propels in the gas-dynamic propelling nozzle  20  a high-pressure stream  21  of a dispersive structure. The two-phase bubble-structured stream is generated by mixing the first gas stream with a liquid in the cylindrical component  45  or after its prior acceleration for the reduction of pressure in the dispersing chamber  39  of the mixing chamber  19 . 
     The bubble stream from each of the diffusers  44  of mixers  38  is led into the dispersing chamber  39 , where intensive destruction takes place and its structure gets changed, possibly generating shock waves, depending on the parameter values, i.e. the bubble structure is transformed into a dispersed structure, with the formation of tiny droplets. 
     The second stream of gas at the same time enters the dispersing chamber  39  of the mixing chamber  19  of liquid and gas, where a mixture of droplets and gas is formed by mixing the second stream with the dispersed stream. The mixture of droplets and gas so formed is led into the gas-dynamic propelling nozzle  20 , where it gains a predetermined speed and on the outlet from the nozzle  20  it forms a high-speed dispersive stream  21  with tiny dispersed droplets. 
     The applicant made and successfully tested prototypes of the proposed fire extinguishing equipment according to the present invention. It has been proved by the tests, that the equipment provides for the lowering of the consumption of extinguishing liquid and foam; high dispersion of droplets of the extinguishing liquid; an uninterrupted operation in extremely high temperatures of the surrounding air up to plus 60 degrees Celsius. 
     For the said example embodiment and for attaining of the gas-dynamic stream  21  the parameters below were applied. 
     For the selected water flow P w (l/s) (from the pump  26 ) and for the given air flow P a  (kg/sec) (from the compressor  50 ), the number of mixers  38  is determined e.g., as follows: 
     water flow P w  is 60-70 l.s −1  at a pressure of 8-14 bar and
 
air flow P a  is 1.2-2.1 kg.s −1  at a pressure of 8-10 bar.
 
     For these parameters, a mixing chamber  19  for 33 (thirty three) mixers  38  was designed, with an optimum water flow P w  to air flow P a  ratio of 40-28 established by way of an experiment. 
     It was found by way of an experiment and making, that fire extinguishing by a far-reach dispersive stream  21  is most effective when droplets sizes range from 100 μm to 300 μm, for which the air to water weight ratio must be 1:(40-28). When the water flow through one mixer ranges from 1.9 to 2.1 l/s and several parallel-working mixers  38  are used, an extinguishing stream with a longer reach is formed. To reach the water flow in the mixing chamber  19  ranging from 60 to 70 liters/s a block of 30-33 mixers must be used. 
     The mixer  38  consumption was calculated based on a consideration of liquid and gas mixing evenly, which is influenced both by the speed of liquid, and by the pressure and volume of air supplied into the mixing chamber  19 . The speed of liquid depends on the cross section and pressure, which is generated by the pump  26 . 
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
     The fire extinguishing equipment with fire fighting nozzle  18  produces a highly dispersed gas-dynamic stream with a reach to a height of up to 80 m high and to a distance of up to 120 m. 
     REFERENCE MARKS 
     
         
           1  mounting frame  1   
           2  control unit  2   
           3  electro generator 
           4  engine  4  with a gas turbine  5   
           5  gas turbine  5  of the gas-turbine engine  4   
           6  combustion  6  chamber of the gas-turbine engine  4   
           7  compressor  7  of the gas-turbine engine  4   
           8  fuel system  8  of the gas-turbine engine  4   
           9  pump  9  for water injection 
           10  drive  10  of the pump  9  for water injection 
           11  filter  11  for fine water purification 
           12  collector  12  of water 
           13  turn-on  13  valve for water injection 
           14  jets  14  for spraying water into the compressor  7  of the gas-turbine engine  4   
           15  jets  15  for spraying a superheated steam into the combustion chamber  6  of the gas-turbine engine  4   
           16  jets  16  for water injection into exhaust fumes of the gas-turbine engine  4   
           17  heat exchanger  17   
           18  fire (fighting) nozzle  18   
           19  mixing chamber  19   
           20  gas-dynamic propelling nozzle  20   
           21  high-speed dispersion stream  21   
           22  rotating mechanism  22  of the streamline 
           23  inlet  23  of high-pressure air from the compressor  50   
           24  supply  24  of water and foam into the mixing chamber  19   
           25  air non-return flag  25   
           26  high-pressure water pump  26   
           27 diesel engine (drive)  27  of the water pump  26   
           28  clutch  28   
           29  valve  29  for shutting off water or foam mixture 
           30  collector  30  of water for high-pressure pump  26   
           31  tank  31  of the foaming agent 
           32  valve  32  on the main foam supply 
           33  mixer  33  of foam and water 
           34  remote control  34   
           35  mixing block  35   
           36  rear partition  36   
           37  front partition  37   
           38  mixer  38   
           39  dispersing chamber  39  of the mixing chamber  19   
           40  chamber  40  for the supply of water 
           41  chamber  41  for the supply of air 
           42  gaps  42  between the partition  37  and the mixers  38   
           43  confusor  43   
           44  diffusor  44  of the mixer  38   
           45  cylindrical component  45  of the mixer  38   
           46  orifices  46  in the partition  37  for air suction of the mixer  38   
           47  diesel engine (drive)_ 47  of the compressor  50   
           48  generator  48  of the diesel engine  47   
           49  accumulator  49  of the diesel engine  47   
           50  screw compressor  50   
           51  fuel system  51  of the diesel engines  47  and  27   
           52  gearbox  52  of the high-pressure pump  26   
           53  water non-return flap  53   
           54  water control electromagnetic flow valve  54   
           55  collector  55  of utility water for the high-pressure pump  26   
           56  collector  56  of drinking water for the high-pressure pump  26   
           57  suction strainer  57  of utility water 
           58  air control electromagnetic flow valve  58   
           59  accumulator  59  of the diesel engine  47   
           60  water filling pump  60   
           61  foam electromagnetic flow valve  61   
           62  control and synchronization unit  62  of the diesel engines  47  and  27   
           63  injector 
           64  thermal image detection  64