Patent Publication Number: US-2016229168-A1

Title: Method for imparting elasticity to a non-woven material / elastomer laminate

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/614,644 filed on Sep. 13, 2012, which was a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/788,231 which was filed on Apr. 19, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,318,071, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a method for imparting elasticity to a laminate comprising at least one elastic film, particularly with an elastomer base, particularly thermoplastic, and at least one ply of non-woven material secured to the elastic film. The present invention also relates to a device for imparting elasticity to a laminate of this type, and also to a laminate of this type. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     A laminate comprising at least one elastic film, particularly with an elastomer base, particularly thermoplastic, and at least one ply of non-woven material secured to the elastic film, is used in particular in applications in the field of clothing, in particular throwaway, such as training pants or devices for adult incontinence, or in the medical field in the form of elastic bandages. In the field of training pants, these laminates are conventionally used in the sections forming the waistband around the waist of the baby. In particular these laminates are used to realise the elastic tabs ensuring that the nappy is kept on the baby and supporting, amongst other things, a hook and loop fastener. In general the securing of the nappy or sheet of non-woven material to the elastic film is realised through the interposition of a bonding material, particularly glue, either continuously between the non-woven material and the elastic or in discrete zones, in particular in points or in lines. The securing of the non-woven material and the elastic film means that it is necessary to impart elasticity to the laminate by stretching it. This is an operation traditionally called “activation” in the field of training pants. In fact, before the laminate has been stretched it does not really have any elasticity or at least in the case of using non-woven fabric having a slight elasticity, it only has a slight elasticity compared to non-woven fabric. After activation, that is to say after the stretching of the laminate in its entirety, the laminate will have, by reason of a sort of breaking or coming-apart or de-cohesion of the fibres of the non-woven fabric, an elasticity which will correspond to that of the elastic film, of which the elastic capacities will thus have been released. 
     In order to realise this activation, it is known that the laminate can be passed in the form of a web or composite between two toothed rolls, of which the teeth engage in each other. The teeth of the rolls extend essentially perpendicularly to the direction of unrolling of the web (machine direction). The mutual engagement of the teeth while the laminate is between the two sets of toothing brings about the stretching of the laminate. Upon leaving the two rolls, the laminate assumes essentially the form which it had prior to entering the rolls. However, the distortion which takes place means that, now, the laminate as a whole has elasticity, namely a transverse elasticity between its initial width and its final width (in the non-stretched state) and the maximum width which it has when it is between the two toothed rolls. The laminate has thus been activated. 
     It is already known from the prior art and in particular the U.S. Pat. No. 5,167,897 that an activation of this kind can be realised. The web is unrolled therein with a virtually zero longitudinal tension and the outer peripheral edges of the laminate adjacent to the region to be activated are maintained, for example by depression or belt systems, during the action of the toothed rolls. The device used in its entirety is quite complicated, requiring in particular complex systems for maintaining the outer peripheral edges adjacent to the region of the laminate to be activated. Besides, the laminate obtained by these methods of the prior art presents risks of delamination or becoming unstuck at the outer edge of the laminate between the non-woven material and the elastomer in such a way that it is necessary to provide either glues with a strong sticking power or a solder line, particularly ultrasonic, along these edges. 
     DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing a method for imparting elasticity to a laminate of the type mentioned above which, on the one hand, is simpler to implement and in particular does not require the maintaining of the adjacent outer peripheral edges of the section of the laminate to be activated and which, on the other hand, allows a laminate to be obtained, of which the connection between the elastomer and the non-woven material has less tendency to become unstuck at the outer edges in such a way that it may be possible to omit the provision of solder lines along these edges. 
     According to the invention a method for imparting elasticity to a laminate comprising at least one elastic film having a width and at least one ply of non-woven fabric secured to the film, particularly through the interposition of a bonding material, particularly glue, which comprises the steps in which:
         the laminate is unrolled in the form of a web in order to pass it between two sets of toothing, of which the teeth engage in each other in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the laminate in order to thus stretch the laminate in its width, is characterised in that:   a tension is imparted to the web in longitudinal direction or in the machine direction during its unrolling between the toothing, particularly by providing a tensioner roll, particularly downstream of the sets of toothing.       

     A very simple system is thus obtained according to the invention which, in particular, does not necessitate the provision of complicated means which maintain the outer peripheral edges of the laminate to be activated during its activation and which, however, allows a laminate to be obtained, of which the connection between the elastomer and the non-woven material is more resistant to becoming unstuck, particularly at the outer edges, in such a way that it may be possible to omit an ultrasonic solder line or to provide less costly glues than in the case of the laminates of the prior art. 
     According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a tension of at least 1 Newtown (N) is applied for 10 mm of width and 100 g/m 2  of said width of the laminate to be activated; preferably, the tension is at least 2 N/10 mm/100 g/m 2 , more preferably at least 2.5, for example between 1.2 and 8, in particular between 2 and 5, for example equal to 2.6. 
     According to a preferred embodiment of the invention a tension is imparted of at least 0.64 Newton (N) for 10 mm of width and 100 g/m 2  of ply of non-woven material; preferably, the tension is at least 0.9 N/10 mm/100 g/m 2  of non-woven material, more preferably at least 1.2, for example between 0.65 and 3, in particular between 1 and 2, for example equal to 1.3. 
     According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the elastomer film is extruded and deposited on the ply of non-woven material in a softened state, whereby the composite is then activated. 
     The composite thus only has one or two plies of non-woven material and intermediate layers of glue. 
     The present invention also relates to a device for imparting elasticity to a laminate comprising at least one elastic film having a width and at least one ply of non-woven material secured to the film, particularly through the interposition of a bonding material, particularly glue, whereby the device comprises means for unrolling the laminate in order to pass it between first toothing and between second toothing, of which the teeth engage mutually in each other in a direction essentially perpendicular to the unrolling plane of the web, characterised in that means are provided for imparting a longitudinal tension to the unrolled laminate. 
     According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the means for imparting tension are constituted by at least one idler roll, particularly two rolls arranged upstream and downstream of the first and second teeth. 
     According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first and second sets of toothing are each constituted by toothed rolls. 
     The present invention also relates to a laminate comprising at least one ply of non-woven material, preferably two plies of non-woven material, and at least one elastic film having a width and secured to said at least one ply, particularly being sandwiched between the two plies of non-woven material, particularly through the interposition of a bonding material, particularly glue, whereby the laminate, in cross-section, in said width, has an activated width (in which the elasticity is not essentially zero, that is to say it is greater than that of the laminate alone) which is less than or equal to said width and in which it has been activated, whereby the activated width has a left region and a right region, whereby the elasticity of the laminate, measured in particular through the elongation test at 10 Newton, increases from the left edge of the activated width over at least a section of the left region and decreases over at least a section of the right region towards the right edge of the activated width. 
     Unlike the laminates of the prior art which have an elasticity in the activated width which is essentially constant or uniform, the laminate according to the invention has a greater elasticity towards the centre than in the edge sections of said width. This gradient (or variation) of the elasticity and in particular the fact that the elasticity is less at the edges means that during use, in particular in training pants, the laminate has less propensity to become unstuck at the outer edges of the interface between the non-woven materials and the elastomer, under the effect of numerous successive stretching actions realised by the user during use and each time he closes the nappy. 
     According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the curve reproducing the elasticity as measured by elongation at 10 Newton (in % elongation) as a function of the distance in mm from the measuring point of the left edge of said activated width shows, at each measuring point in the increasing section, or left region, an essentially non-zero gradient which is less than 50%/mm, preferably less than 25%/mm, more preferably less than 20%/mm, for example less than 15%/mm, for example between 50 and 5, for example between 25 and 5, particularly between 15 and 5. 
     According to a preferred embodiment, the laminate comprises at least two elastic films each having a width, the elasticity curve of the activated width on the right being mirror symmetrical to the elasticity curve of the activated width on the left, and in particular the gradient in absolute value of the elasticity curve in the right section of decrease of the left activated width being less than or equal to that of the left section of increase of the left activated width, and in particular is less than 20, particularly less than 12, more particularly less than 10, even more particularly less than 7. 
     The elasticity curve preferably has a maximum for a measuring point which is essentially in the middle of said width of the laminate. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       A preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings, given merely by way of example, and in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a device according to the invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view of a schematised section of the device of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic view of a composite obtained through the method implemented in the devices of  FIGS. 1 and 2 , having two elastic films; 
         FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view of a part of the composite of  FIG. 3 , in the non-stretched state; 
         FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view of the part of the composite of  FIG. 4 , in the stretched state; 
         FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional view of a composite similar to that of  FIG. 3 ; 
         FIG. 7  is a view equivalent to that of  FIG. 6  for the composite of  FIG. 3 ; 
         FIG. 8  shows an example of a graph reproducing the curve for elasticity variation along the width direction in a width of a laminate according to the invention, in the case of a laminate of  FIG. 6 ; and 
         FIG. 9  shows an example of a graph reproducing the curve for elasticity variation along the width direction in a width of a laminate according to the invention, in the case of a laminate of  FIG. 7 . 
     
    
    
     PREFERRED EMBODIMENT FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION 
     The device of  FIG. 1  comprises two extruders  101 ,  102  which form, through extrusion, two webs  201 ,  202  of elastomer film which, after cooling in an intermediate cooling unit  2000 , by belt  203  and idler  204  systems regulated in temperature, are transported to two rolls which simultaneously receive two plies of non-woven material  301  and  401  to be secured there with glue  501  between the non-woven materials in a fixing unit  500 , whereby the non-woven materials themselves are stuck to each other by the glue  501  in the sections where there is no elastic film. The non-woven material  301  is unrolled from a reel  402 . The second non-woven material  401  is unrolled from a reel  402 . The composite constituted by the non-woven materials  301  and  401  and the elastic films  201 ,  202 , namely the composite  601 , is then cut to the correct width in a width cutting system  700  comprising circular knives  701  which pass into a soldering unit  800  allowing soldering of the longitudinal edges. The non-woven materials are finally activated with a view to breaking them in an activation unit  900 . The activation unit  900  comprises a first roll  901  having teeth  902  and a second roll  903  having teeth  904 . The teeth of the toothing  901  engage in the teeth of the toothing  904 . 
     A tension-regulating idler roll  1000  is arranged at the entrance to the activation unit  900  and works in cooperation with a motor driving one of the toothed activation rolls in rotation in such a way as to keep the longitudinal tension of the laminate constant during its activation. 
     The relative speed of unrolling of the roll  1000  in relation to the speed of unrolling of the toothed rolls is such that the composite  601  undergoes a longitudinal tension during its movement and in particular when it is between the toothing. 
     This longitudinal tension is regulated to at least 1 Newtown (N) for 10 mm of width and 100 gm 2  of said width of laminate to be activated (that is to say of the laminate solely where there is an interface between an elastomer and at least one ply of non-woven material); preferably, this tension is at least 2 N/10 mm/100 gm 2 , more preferably at least 2.5, for example between 1.2 and 8, particularly between 2 and 5, for example equal to 2.6. 
     It is also possible to impart a tension of non-woven material of at least 0.64 Newton (N) for 10 mm of width and 100 gm 2  of ply of non-woven material alone; preferably, this tension is at least 0.9 N/10 mm/100 gm 2  of non-woven material, more preferably at least 1.2, for example between 0.65 and 3, particularly between 1 and 2, for example equal to 1.3. 
     The elastic material may or may not have thermo-shrinking characteristics. It can be formed, in particular, from polymers such as copolymers of different types of monomer patterns, for example alternating such as A-B, or in sequence, for example A-A-A-B-B-B, or statistic, for example A-A-B-A-B-B-A-A-A-B-A, of which the whole of the network obtained can have different structures, either linear of the type A-B-A, or radial of the type (A-B)n, index n (n&gt;2), or diblock of the type A-B, which are elastomers, for example the copolymers styrene/isoprene (SI), styrene/isoprene/styrene (SIS), styrene/butadiene/styrene (SBS), styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS), styrene-ethylene/propylene-styrene (SEPS) or SIBS. Mixtures of these elastomers with each other or with non-elastomers modifying certain characteristics other than elasticity may also be considered. For example up to 50% by weight but, preferably, less than 30% by weight of polymer can be added in order to modify certain characteristics of the base materials (elasticity, heat resistance, processability, UV resistance, dye, . . . ), such as styrene polyvinyls, polystyrenes or poly α-methyl-styrene, epoxy polyesters, polyolefines, for example polyethylenes, or certain acetates of ethylene/vinyl, preferably those of high molecular weight. 
     The elastic material can be, in particular, a styrene-isoprene-styrene, available for example from Kraton Polymers under the name KRATON D (trade mark filed), or DEXCO POLYMERS LP under the name VECTOR SBC 4211 (trade mark filed). A thermo-plastic elastomer of polyurethane can also be used, in particular PELLATHANE (trade mark filed) 2102-75A of The Dow Chemical Company. A styrene-butadiene-styrene can also be used, in particular KRATON D-2122 (trade mark filed) of Kraton Polymers, or VECTOR SBC 4461 (trade mark filed) of Dexco Polymers LP. A styrene-ethylene/butylene can also be used, in particular KRATON G-2832 (trade mark filed) of Kraton Polymers or a sequenced styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene copolymer (SEBS), in particular KRATON (trade mark filed) G2703. A copolymer of isooctyl acrylate and of acrylic acid can also be used according to the monomer ratios of 90/10. A sequenced polyamide polyether copolymer PEBAX (trade mark filed) 2533 of Arkema can also be used. 
     Other possible materials are polyolefine polymers, principally copolymers of ethylene and/or propylene, having characteristics of elastomers, in particular originating from metallocenic catalysis such as VISTAMAXX VM-1120 (trade mark filed), available from Exxon Mobil Chemical or also charged polymers EPDM of the Santoprene type. 
     It is also possible according to the invention to use a glue such as non reactive hot melt glues, for example H2511 of Bostick, or a reactive PU glue, particularly AX75E of Bostick. These glues will preferably have a chemical nature similar to that of the elastomer film described above. For example if one of these glues is analysed with an infrared spectrometer in order to identify the chemical functions, or a liquid chromatograph for separating and quantifying the substances, traces will preferably be found of one or more components or of their derivatives of the substance or substances of the elastomer film. 
     These glues will preferably have a base of SIS, SBS, SEBS and SEPS, allowing good affinity with film through similar chemical substances. 
     The layer of glue preferably has a grammage of less than 23 g/m 2 , more particularly less than 15 g/m 2 , particularly less than 12 g/m 2 , more preferably less than 8 g/m 2 . 
     With regard to the non-woven materials, it is possible to use polypropylene, polyester and all other materials usual in the field. It is also possible to play on the elongation for the transverse fracture of the non-woven materials to facilitate the activation to the maximum. 
       FIG. 7  shows a laminate such as obtained on leaving the device of  FIG. 1 , after passage through the activation toothing. The composite  601  comprises an upper ply of non-woven material  301  and a ply of non-woven material  401 , between which two elastic films  201  and  202  of smaller width are sandwiched. 
       FIG. 3  shows, according to a sectional view, transversely to the machine direction (direction of the X&#39;s), that is to say the direction of the Ys in which the laminate of  FIG. 7  extends in length. This laminate is constituted by two plies of non-woven material  301  and  401  having a large width, for example a width of 170 mm here. Two elastomer films  201  and  202  of small width, for example of 45 to 55 mm, are sandwiched between the two plies of non-woven material. Two layers of glue  501  secure each non-woven material to one of the faces of the elastomer films and, when there is no elastomer film, to the other non-woven material. 
     For the elastic films, the layers of glue have the form of strips parallel to each other, at a distance from each other, a distance which may be zero and between for example 0 mm and 2 mm, whereas the layer of glue  501  is continuous between the non-woven materials where there is no elastic film. 
     After formation of the laminate, the two plies of non-woven material, at the level of at least one elastomer film, are activated through passage between activation rolls, that is to say, these two non-woven materials, in the section covering the at least one elastomer film, are broken in a preferential way in cross direction (or transverse direction) to form sorts of grooves in the transverse direction so that, at the level of the two elastomers, the laminate has an elasticity in the transverse direction corresponding essentially to that of the elastomer films. 
     In order to realise this breaking, the laminate is passed while holding it in its central section where the grooves are to be formed, through application of an elastic strip which plates the laminate by covering it and the laminate is then stretched and also the elastic strip which is in contact with it, distorting them in order to bring the fibres of the non-woven material of the laminate apart from each other, breaking the non-woven material, the elastic film and the elastic strip during this stretching. Once the distortion is complete the elastic film and the elastic strip return to their non-distorted initial state whereas the non-woven material is broken permanently. 
     After the coming apart (de-cohension of the fibres from each other), the fibres of the non-woven materials tend to regroup at the strips of glue in order to form monticules of non-woven materials, whereas between the strips of glue the fibres of non-woven materials, by reason of the breaking, are more rare and are more scattered. There are thus zones (at the strips of glue) where the non-woven material is of greater thickness than in the intermediate zones (where there is no glue), or possibly in the extreme case, there may no longer be any non-woven material. In the non-stretched state of the laminate the zones of greatest thickness come into lateral contact (by their edge parallel to the transverse direction) with each other and, when the laminate is stretched, the zones of greatest thickness are distanced from each other, whereby the intermediate zones thus appear, either without non-woven material or with a smaller thickness of non-woven material. 
     In  FIG. 6  which shows the case of a laminate only having only a single elastic film  203 , at least one zone (in particular the entirety) of the central region  30  has an elasticity which is greater than the elasticity of the edge regions  31  and  32 , measured in an area of these edge regions, particularly 10% greater, for example 20% greater. 
     In  FIG. 7  at least one zone (particularly the entirety) of the two central regions  30  has an elasticity greater than the elasticity of the edge regions  31  and  32 , measured in a zone of these edge regions, particularly 10% greater, for example 20% greater. 
     In  FIG. 5 , the strips  501  of glue, spaced apart from each other, and the non-woven material  301  comprise zones  22  of greater thickness (in relation to the thickness of the non-woven material before breaking) and zones  23  of smaller thickness (in relation to the thickness of the non-woven material before breaking) which appear more clearly when the laminate is stretched. 
     The elastic film has a width  1  perpendicularly to the direction of placing on the ply of non-woven material. It has a surface, on the side of the non-woven material  301 , which is planar. In longitudinal section this surface is in the form of a straight line. No fibre of the non-woven material is immersed in the material of the elastic film and all the fibres are on the same side of this straight line, and this is the case regardless of the longitudinal section. 
     In the case of the laminate of  FIG. 6 , the elasticity of the left region  31  of the laminate increases from the left edge  33  of said activated width  1  of laminate towards the middle  34  of this said width. The elasticity of the right region  32  decreases from the middle  34  towards the right edge  35 . The elasticity can be measured by the elongation test at 10 Newton and is described below. 
     As seen in  FIG. 8 , the elasticity has a lower gradient than 0.21, being essentially symmetrical in relation to the centre of said width. 
     In the case of the laminate of  FIG. 7 , the first activated width  11  of laminate has a left region  40  of which the elasticity increases from the left edge  36  towards the middle  37  and a right region  41  of which the elasticity decreases from the middle  37  towards the right edge  38 . As seen in  FIG. 9 , the gradient (in absolute value) at the left edge is greater than the gradient at the right edge. The gradient at the left edge is less than 0.21 while at the right edge it is less than 0.1. 
     The second activated width  12  of laminate has a left region  42  of which the elasticity increases from the left edge  39  towards the middle  44  and a right region  43  of which the elasticity decreases from the middle  44  towards the right edge  45 . As seen in  FIG. 9 , the gradient (in absolute value) at the right edge is greater than the gradient at the left edge. The gradient at the left edge is less than 0.21 while at the right edge it is less than 0.1. The elasticity curves in the two activated widths are mirror symmetrical. 
     The fact that the elasticity is lower at the edges compared to the middle means that the laminate is more resistant to the connection between the non-woven material and elastomer becoming unstuck; in particular it only becomes unstuck at the end of a number of lateral stretching actions (carried out by the user, particularly of training pants, when he closes the training pants by stretching the closing tabs realised on the basis of the laminate of the invention, in order to ensure that the nappy is well adapted elastically to the contour of the baby) much more than is the case of laminates of the prior art, of which the elasticity is essentially uniform. It follows that according to the invention it is possible to omit the provision of solder lines along the longitudinal edges  33 ,  35 ,  36 ,  38 ,  39 ,  45  of the laminates, or to provide a glue with lower sticking power. However, quite clearly, it is possible to choose, without going outside of the field of protection of the invention, to always provide such solder lines or glues with great sticking power in order to obtain a laminate which is even more resistant to becoming unstuck. 
     In order to measure the elasticity and to realise the elasticity curve ( FIGS. 8 and 9 ) by the elongation test at 10 N, a main sample is taken following activation of for example 45 mm activated width and 45 mm long and 9 measuring samples are formed, each centred on the point at which the elasticity is to be measured, each measuring sample being in the form of a strip of for example 5 mm in width and 45 mm in length, which is stretched with the aid of a dynamometer with jaws (particularly that indicated below) from its initial non-stretched length, with a force of 10 N, at an ambient temperature of 23° C. at +/−2°, a relative humidity of 50%, +/−5% and a normal atmospheric pressure. The elongation obtained is thus measured as a percentage. Two or three main samples are preferably taken in order to carry out the measurements several times (at least three times) and the average value is taken for each elasticity value shown in the graphs of  FIG. 8 or 9 . 
     At each measuring point the gradient of the elasticity curve at the measuring point (necessarily positive, the horizontal not having a gradient) is calculated as being the ratio of the difference between the elasticity value measured at the measuring point and the elasticity value measured at the preceding measuring point on the width dimension (distance between the two consecutive measuring points) of the measuring sample. 
     It is thus possible for example to measure the elasticity of a laminate in determining the remanence thereof by the following test: 
     The sample is conditioned in a normal atmosphere such as defined in the ASTDM 5170 norm, temperature of 23° C.+/−2° C. and relative humidity of 50%+/−5%. 
     The dynamometer apparatus used is in accordance with the EN 10002 norm, in particular the Synergie 200, 1 column, available from MTS Systems Corp., USA, together with utilisation software TESTWORKS 4.04B. 
     The sample is prepared by cutting the elastic product (for example the laminate of the invention) with a cutter or scissors into a sample of 45 mm of width in the machine direction (MD) (perpendicularly to the plane of  FIG. 1 ) and a length in the cross direction (CD) (horizontal direction in  FIG. 1 ) of 60 mm. 
     (Anti-sliding) reinforcements are positioned, for example a ply of non-woven material, in order to avoid the sliding and the start of fracture of the sample between the jaws by fixing them with a double face on each side of the elastic zone to be tested and on each side, as represented schematically in  FIG. 3 ; 
     The parameters are selected as follows: 
     Inter-jaw distance: 20 mm 
     Machine speed: 254 mm/mn 
     Number of cycles: 2 
     Elongation of the product: 100% at constant speed. 
     The product is stretched at 100% by vertical displacement of the upper jaw, the lower jaw being fixed, then it is maintained in the position for 30 seconds, and then the initial position is resumed at constant speed, in which it is left for 60 seconds (end of the first cycle), then it is again stretched at 100%, it is maintained for 30 seconds and then the initial position is resumed (end of second cycle). The curve is thus obtained giving the stretching force as a function of the elongation in %, this exhibiting a hysteresis which allows 
     the set to be determined by the following calculating formula: 
       SET= L 1− L 10
 
     With:
         L0: intersection point with the axis of the X&#39;s (elongation in %) at the start of the test, namely the start of the first cycle.   L1: intersection point with the axis of the X&#39;s (elongation in %) at the start of the second cycle after the return to the original position and a wait of 60 seconds.       

     When the laminate has been obtained, it is then subjected to an activation, that is to say the elastic capacities of the elastic film imprisoned between the two non-woven materials which are not elastic are released. 
     In the case of the present invention the appearance of the non-woven materials after the activation has scarcely been modified, in the same way as the width of the film and its elastic properties. In particular the non-woven materials are softer to touch and irritate the skin of the wearer of the nappy less. 
     A non-woven material is a textile surface obtained by mechanical and/or chemical and/or thermal bonding of textile fibres arranged in webs, excluding weaving or knitting (cf Lexique des fils et des étoffes, ISBN: 2-9509924-1-1). 
     Thus, a non-woven material is a cluster of fibres of small dimensions which are associated with each other by mechanical compacting, by mixing with a bonding material or by partial fusion of the non-woven material. When the non-woven material is stretched according to the invention in order to activate it, the small fibres compacted with each other are separated in order to bring them apart from each other. This bringing-apart involves breaking of the non-woven material. The fibres are not necessarily stretched and, moreover and in general, taking their size into account, are not stretched. If they are to be stretched, it is possible to use a so-called “incremental” activation system. However, this system requires a complex installation, with toothed rolls which engage in each other, and according to the invention this can be omitted. 
     In the present invention the terms film or elastic laminate are understood to be a film or a laminate which have, according to the preceding test, a remanence or SET of less than 15%, preferably less than 10%, more preferably less than 5% for a stretching of 100% of the initial width thereof. 
     An elastic material is understood to be a material such as a film, constituted solely by this material, which is elastic. Elasticity is the physical property of a body to resume its initial form after suppression of the load on it.