Patent Publication Number: US-2022214530-A1

Title: Zoom lens and image pickup apparatus having the same

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a zoom lens and an image pickup apparatus having the same, which is suitable for an image pickup apparatus using a solid-state image sensor such as a digital still camera, a video camera, a broadcasting camera, a surveillance camera, or a film-based camera. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     Recent zoom lenses used in image pickup apparatuses are demanded for high optical performance and a compact and lightweight structure. As a zoom lens that meets these demands, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-43607 discloses a zoom lens having lenses with positive, negative, positive, and positive refractive powers in order from an object side to an image side, in which distances between adjacent lens units change during zooming. 
     Generally, in order to make small the zoom lens, it is effective to adopt a telephoto type power arrangement at a telephoto end to strengthen the positive refractive power on the object side and the negative refractive power on the image side. However, if the refractive power of each lens unit is increased, fluctuations of various aberrations associated with zooming become significant, and it becomes difficult to satisfactorily correct the various aberrations with a small number of lenses. It is therefore important to properly set each element in the zoom lens in order to obtain the high optical performance over the entire zoom range while reducing the size and weight of the entire zoom lens system. For example, it is important to properly set the number of lens units, a moving condition during zooming, a lens configuration of each lens unit, and the like. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides a compact and lightweight zoom lens and image pickup apparatus having high optical performance over the entire zoom range. 
     A zoom lens according to one aspect of the present invention includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens unit with a positive refractive power, a second lens unit with a negative refractive power, a third lens unit with a positive refractive power, and a fourth lens unit with a positive refractive power. During zooming from a wide-angle end to a telephoto end, the first lens unit moves, the second lens unit is fixed, a distance between the first lens unit and the second lens unit is widened, a distance between the second lens unit and the third lens unit is narrowed, and a distance between the third lens unit and the fourth lens unit is narrowed. The first lens unit includes a positive lens and a negative lens. The second lens unit consists of two lenses or less. The third lens unit consists of two lenses or less. The fourth lens unit consists of two lenses or less. An image pickup apparatus according to another aspect of the present invention includes the above zoom lens, and an image sensor configured to receive an image formed by the zoom lens. 
     Further features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a sectional view of a zoom lens according to Example 1 at a wide-angle end. 
         FIGS. 2A and 2B  are longitudinal aberration diagrams at the wide-angle end and a telephoto end of the zoom lens according to Example 1. 
         FIG. 3  is a sectional view of a zoom lens according to Example 2 at a wide-angle end. 
         FIGS. 4A and 4B  are longitudinal aberration diagrams at the wide-angle end and a telephoto end of the zoom lens according to Example 2. 
         FIG. 5  is a sectional view of the zoom lens according to Example 3 at a wide-angle end. 
         FIGS. 6A and 6B  are longitudinal aberration diagrams at the wide-angle end and a telephoto end of the zoom lens according to Example 3. 
         FIG. 7  is a sectional view of the zoom lens according to Example 4 at the wide-angle end. 
         FIGS. 8A and 8B  are longitudinal aberration diagrams at the wide-angle end and a telephoto end of the zoom lens according to Example 4. 
         FIG. 9  is a sectional view of the zoom lens according to Example 5 at a wide-angle end. 
         FIGS. 10A and 10B  are longitudinal aberration diagrams at the wide-angle end and a telephoto end of the zoom lens according to Example 5. 
         FIG. 11  is a sectional view of the zoom lens according to Example 6 at a wide-angle end. 
         FIGS. 12A and 12B  are longitudinal aberration diagrams at the wide-angle end and a telephoto end of the zoom lens according to Example 6. 
         FIG. 13  is a schematic view of an image pickup apparatus according to Example 7. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring now to the accompanying drawings, a detailed description will be given of embodiments according to the present invention. 
       FIGS. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11  are sectional views of zoom lenses (optical systems)  1   a  to  1   f  according to Examples 1 to 6, respectively, in in-focus states (infinity in-focus states) at infinity. The zoom lens according to each example is used for an optical apparatus including an image pickup apparatus such as a digital video camera, a digital still camera, a broadcasting camera, a film-based camera, a surveillance camera, and an interchangeable lens. 
     In each sectional view, a left side is an object side and a right side is an image side. The zoom lens according to each example includes a plurality of lens units. In each example, the lens unit is a group of lenses that move or are stationary integrally during zooming. In the zoom lens according to each example, distances between adjacent lens units change during zooming from a wide-angle end to a telephoto end. The wide-angle end and the telephoto end are zoom states when the lens unit that moves during zooming is mechanically located at both ends of a movable range in the direction along an optical axis OA (optical axis direction). Each lens unit may include one or more lenses. The lens unit may include a diaphragm (aperture stop). 
     In each sectional view, i (natural number) denotes the order counted from the object side, and Li denotes an i-th lens unit. SP denotes a diaphragm (aperture stop). IP denotes an image plane, and when the zoom lenses  1   a  to  1   f  according to respective examples are used for an imaging optical system for a digital video camera or a digital still camera, an imaging plane of a solid-state image pickup element (photoelectric conversion element) such as a CCD sensor or a CMOS sensor is disposed on the imaging plane IP. When the optical systems  1   a  to  1   f  according to respective examples are used for an imaging optical system for a film-based camera, a photosensitive surface of the film is disposed on the image plane IP. 
     In the zoom lenses  1   a  to  1   f  according to the respective examples, during zooming from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end, each lens unit is moved as shown by a solid arrow in each sectional view. During focusing from infinity to a close (or short distance) end, each lens unit is moved as indicated by a dotted arrow. 
       FIGS. 2A, 2B, 4A, 4B, 6A, 6B, 8A, 8B, 10A, 10B, 12A, and 12B  are longitudinal aberration diagrams of the zoom lenses  1   a  to  1   f  according to Examples 1 to 6, respectively. In each aberration diagram,  FIGS. 2A, 4A, 6A, 8A, 10A, and 12A  are longitudinal aberration diagrams at the wide-angle end in the infinity in-focus state, and  FIGS. 2B, 4B, 6B, 8B, 10B, and 12B  are longitudinal aberration diagrams in the telephoto end in the infinity in-focus state. 
     In the spherical aberration diagrams, Fno denotes an F-number, and the spherical aberration diagram illustrates a spherical aberration amount for the d-line (wavelength 587.6 nm) and the g-line (wavelength 435.8 nm) by a solid line and an alternate long and two short dashes line, respectively. In the astigmatism diagram, ΔS denotes an astigmatism amount (solid line) on a sagittal image plane, and ΔM indicates an astigmatism amount (broken line) on a meridional image plane. The distortion diagram illustrates a distortion amount for the d-line. The chromatic aberration diagram illustrates a chromatic aberration for the g-line. ω is a half angle of view (°). 
     Next follows a description of the characteristic configurations and conditions of the zoom lens according to each example. The zoom lens according to each example includes, in order from the object side to the image side, a first lens unit L 1  having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit L 2  having a negative refractive power, a third lens unit L 3  having a positive refractive power, and a fourth lens unit L 4  having a positive refractive power. During zooming from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end, the first lens unit L 1  moves, a distance between the first lens unit L 1  and the second lens unit L 2  is widened, a distance between the second lens unit L 2  and the third lens unit L 3  is narrowed, and a distance between the third lens unit L 3  and the fourth lens unit L 4  is narrowed. Thereby, it is configured to take a telephoto type power arrangement at the telephoto end, and the overall optical length (a distance from a surface closest to the object to the image plane IP) can be easily shortened. The negative second lens unit L 2  does not move during zooming (fixed in the optical axis direction). Thereby, a relative eccentricity error between the first lens unit L 1  and the second lens unit L 2  is reduced, and a performance deterioration is reduced. In each example, the second lens unit L 2  may be an image stabilization lens unit that can move in a direction intersecting the optical axis OA. 
     The first lens unit L 1  includes a positive lens and a negative lens. Thereby, the chromatic aberration is suppressed during zooming from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end. The second lens unit L 2  includes (consists of) two or less lenses. Thereby, the weight of the second lens unit L 2  is reduced, and when the second lens unit L 2  is used for the image stabilization lens unit, a driving mechanism can be easily made small. The third lens unit L 3  and the fourth lens unit L 4  each include (consists of) two or less lenses. Thereby, the weight of the lens unit that moves during zooming can be reduced, and quick zooming can be performed. 
     This configuration can provide a compact and lightweight zoom lens with high optical performance over the entire zoom range. 
     The zoom lenses  1   a  to  1   f  according to respective examples may have the following configurations. Since a moving amount of the fourth lens unit L 4  becomes large during zooming from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end, the fourth lens unit L 4  may include a lens having at least one aspherical surface in order to suppress fluctuations in various aberrations. 
     A lens unit having a negative refractive power may be disposed on the image side of the fourth lens unit L 4 . Thereby, the telephoto type power arrangement is adopted, and the overall optical length can be easily shortened. The lens on the image side of the fourth lens unit L 4  may include four lenses or less. Thereby, the weight of the lens unit that moves during zooming can be reduced, and quick zooming can be performed. 
     The effective diameter of the luminous flux tends to be smaller in the lens unit on the image side of the diaphragm SP. Therefore, if the lens unit on the image side of the diaphragm SP is set to the focus lens unit, the holding mechanism and the driving mechanism can be simplified and the entire system can be easily made smaller. If the focus lens unit includes (consists of) two or less lenses, the weight of the focus lens unit can be easily reduced. Since the magnification varying effect is relatively smaller on the image side of the diaphragm SP, the image magnification change can be reduced during focusing from infinity to a close end. This point is particularly suitable for motion image capturing because changes in the angle of view can be reduced when the object changes from infinity to the close end. 
     The image stabilization effect can be obtained by driving the entire lens unit or its part in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction. In particular, when the second lens unit L 2 , which is fixed during zooming, is set to the image stabilization lens unit, a moving amount of the image stabilization lens unit can be reduced and the miniaturization becomes easy. 
     The zoom lenses  1   a  to  1   f  according to respective examples may satisfy at least one of the following inequalities (1) to (12): 
       0.10&lt; TLt/ft&lt; 0.80  (1)
 
       1.40&lt; ndL 4ave&lt;1.70  (2)
 
       −0.30&lt; fL 2/ ft&lt;− 0.10  (3)
 
       0.15&lt; fL 3/ ft&lt; 0.90  (4)
 
       0.30&lt; ML 4/ ML 1&lt;3.00  (5)
 
       −0.80&lt; fL 2/ fL 1&lt;−0.20  (6)
 
       0.05&lt; fL 4/ ft&lt; 0.50  (7)
 
       0.10&lt; fL 4/ fL 1&lt;0.70  (8)
 
       0.05&lt; fL 4/ fL 3&lt;1.00  (9)
 
       0.90&lt; SL 4ave&lt;2.80  (10)
 
       55&lt; vdL 1 P ave&lt;99  (11)
 
       55&lt; vdL 3 P ave&lt;99  (12)
 
     The inequality (1) defines a condition regarding an overall optical length TLt (a distance from a surface closest to the object to the image plane IP) at the telephoto end and a focal length ft of the entire zoom lens at the telephoto end. By properly setting the condition, it becomes easy to miniaturize the zoom lens. If the value is lower than the lower limit in the inequality (1), the overall optical length at the telephoto end becomes too short relative to the focal length of the entire system at the telephoto end, the refractive power of each lens unit becomes strong, and it becomes difficult to suppress fluctuations of various aberrations associated with zooming. On the other hand, if the value is higher than the upper limit in the inequality (1), the overall optical length at the telephoto end becomes too large relative to the focal length of the entire zoom lens at the telephoto end, and the miniaturization becomes difficult. 
     The inequality (2) defines a conditions regarding an average of refractive index ndL4ave of lenses included in the fourth lens unit L 4 . Generally, the higher the refractive index of the lens material is, the higher the specific gravity of the lens material is. If the value is lower than the lower limit in the inequality (2), the curvature of the lens surface becomes stronger in order to obtain the required refractive power, and it is difficult to suppress fluctuations of various aberrations such as a spherical aberration and a curvature of field associated with zooming. On the other hand, if the value is higher than the upper limit in the inequality (2), the specific gravity of the lens becomes large and it becomes difficult to reduce the weight. 
     The inequality (3) defines a condition regarding the focal length ft of the entire zoom lens system at the telephoto end and a focal length fL 2  of the second lens unit L 2 . If the value is lower than the lower limit in the inequality (3), the focal length fL 2  becomes short, and it becomes difficult to suppress fluctuations of various aberrations such as a spherical aberration and a curvature of field associated with zooming. On the other hand, if the value is higher than the upper limit in the inequality (3), the focal length ft of the entire system at the telephoto end becomes short, and it becomes difficult to increase a magnification variation ratio. 
     The inequality (4) defines a condition regarding the focal length ft of the entire zoom lens at the telephoto end and a focal length fL 3  of the third lens unit L 3 . If the value is lower than the lower limit in the inequality (4), the focal length fL 3  becomes short, and it becomes difficult to suppress fluctuations of various aberrations such as a spherical aberration and a curvature of field associated with zooming. On the other hand, if the value is higher than the upper limit in the inequality (4), the focal length ft of the entire system at the telephoto end becomes short, and it becomes difficult to increase a magnification variation ratio. 
     The inequality (5) defines a condition regarding a moving amount ML 1  (where a moving amount from the object side to the image side is set positive) of the first lens unit L 1  from the object side to the image side and a moving amount ML 4  (where a moving amount from the object side to the image side is set positive) of the fourth lens L 4  from the object side to the image side during zooming from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end. If the value is lower than the lower limit in the inequality (5), the moving amount ML 4  of the fourth lens unit L 4  becomes small, and it becomes difficult to increase a magnification variation ratio. On the other hand, if the value is higher than the upper limit of the inequality (5), the moving amount ML 4  of the fourth lens unit L 4  becomes large and the miniaturization becomes difficult. 
     The inequality (6) defines a condition regarding a focal length fL 1  of the first lens unit L 1  and the focal length fL 2  of the second lens unit L 2 . When the value is lower than the lower limit in the inequality (6), the focal length fL 1  of the first lens unit L 1  becomes longer, the moving amount of the first lens unit L 1  during zooming from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end becomes large, and it is difficult to make small the zoom lens. On the other hand, if the value is higher than the upper limit in the inequality (6), the focal length fL 1  of the first lens unit L becomes short, and it becomes difficult to correct the spherical aberration generated in the first lens unit L 1 . 
     The inequality (7) defines a condition regarding the focal length ft of the entire zoom lens at the telephoto end and a focal length fL 4  of the fourth lens unit L 4 . If the value is lower than the lower limit in the inequality (7), the focal length fL 4  becomes short, and it becomes difficult to suppress fluctuations of various aberrations such as a spherical aberration and a curvature of field associated with zooming. On the other hand, if the value is higher than the upper limit in the inequality (7), the focal length ft of the entire zoom lens at the telephoto end becomes short, and it becomes difficult to increase a magnification variation ratio. 
     The inequality (8) defines a condition regarding the focal length fL 1  of the first lens unit L 1  and the focal length fL 4  of the fourth lens unit L 4 . If the value is lower than the lower limit in the inequality (8), the focal length fL 4  becomes short, and it becomes difficult to suppress fluctuations of various aberrations such as a spherical aberration and a curvature of field associated with zooming. On the other hand, when the value is higher than the upper limit in the inequality (8), the focal length fL 4  of the fourth lens unit L 4  becomes longer, the refractive power of the fourth lens unit L 4  becomes weaker, and a moving amount of the fourth lens unit L 4  associated with zooming becomes large. 
     The inequality (9) defines a condition regarding the focal length fL 3  of the third lens unit L 3  and the focal length fL 4  of the fourth lens unit L 4 . If the value is lower than the lower limit in the inequality (9), the focal length fL 4  becomes short, and it becomes difficult to suppress fluctuations of various aberrations such as a spherical aberration and a curvature of field associated with zooming. On the other hand, when the value is higher than the upper limit in the inequality (9), the focal length fL 4  of the fourth lens unit L 4  becomes longer, the refractive power of the fourth lens unit L 4  becomes weaker, and a moving amount of the fourth lens unit L 4  due to zooming becomes large. 
     The inequality (10) defines a condition regarding an average specific density SL4ave of one or more lenses included in the fourth lens unit L 4 . Generally, as the specific gravity of the lens material increases, the refractive index of the lens material increases. If the value is lower than the lower limit in the inequality (10), the curvature of the lens surface becomes stronger in order to obtain a required refractive power, and it is difficult to suppress fluctuations of various aberrations such as a spherical aberration and a curvature of field associated with zooming. On the other hand, if the value is higher than the upper limit in the inequality (10), the specific gravity of the lens becomes large and the weight reduction becomes difficult. 
     The inequality (11) is a condition regarding an average value vdL1Pave of the Abbe number for the d-line of one or more positive lenses included in the first lens unit L 1 . If the value is lower than the lower limit in the inequality (11), it becomes difficult to correct the longitudinal chromatic aberration and the lateral chromatic aberration at the telephoto end. On the other hand, if the value is higher than the upper limit in the inequality (11), the dispersion of the positive lens becomes too small and it becomes difficult to correct the lateral chromatic aberration at the wide-angle end. 
     The inequality (12) is a condition regarding an average value vdL3Pave of the Abbe number for the d-line of one or more positive lenses included in the third lens unit L 3 . If the value is lower than the lower limit in the inequality (12), it becomes difficult to correct the longitudinal chromatic aberration at the telephoto end. On the other hand, if the value is higher than the upper limit in the inequality (12), the dispersion of the positive lens becomes too small and it becomes difficult to correct the longitudinal chromatic aberration at the wide-angle end. 
     In each example, the numerical ranges of the inequalities (1) to (12) may be replaced with ranges of the following inequalities (1a) to (12a): 
       0.40&lt; TLt/ft&lt; 0.79  (1a)
 
       1.45&lt; ndL 4ave&lt;1.67  (2a)
 
       −0.27&lt; fL 2/ ft&lt;− 0.12  (3a)
 
       0.20&lt; fL 3/ ft&lt; 0.85  (4a)
 
       0.40&lt; ML 4/ ML 1&lt;2.50  (5a)
 
       −0.70&lt; fL 2/ fL 1&lt;−0.23  (6a)
 
       0.07&lt; fL 4/ ft&lt; 0.40  (7a)
 
       0.15&lt; fL 4/ fL 1&lt;0.60  (8a)
 
       0.10&lt; fL 4/ fL 3&lt;0.90  (9a)
 
       0.95&lt; SL 4ave&lt;2.75  (10a)
 
       58&lt; vdL 1 P ave&lt;90  (11a)
 
       58&lt; vdL 3 P ave&lt;90  (12a)
 
     The numerical ranges of the inequalities (1) to (12) may be replaced with ranges of the following inequalities (1b) to (12b): 
       0.50&lt; TLt/ft&lt; 0.78  (1b)
 
       1.50&lt; ndL 4ave&lt;1.65  (2b)
 
       −0.25&lt; fL 2/ ft&lt;− 0.14  (3b)
 
       0.25&lt; fL 3/ ft&lt; 0.80  (4b)
 
       0.50&lt; ML 4/ ML 1&lt;2.30  (5b)
 
       −0.60&lt; fL 2/ fL 1&lt;−0.25  (6b)
 
       0.09&lt; fL 4/ ft&lt; 0.30  (7b)
 
       0.20&lt; fL 4/ fL 1&lt;0.50  (8b)
 
       0.15&lt; fL 4/ fL 3&lt;0.80  (9b)
 
       1.00&lt; SL 4ave&lt;2.70  (10b)
 
       60&lt; vdL 1 P ave&lt;85  (11b)
 
       60&lt; vdL 3 P ave&lt;85  (12b)
 
     A detailed description will now be given of the zoom lens according to each example. 
     The zoom lens  1   a  according to Example 1 includes a first lens unit L 1  having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit L 2  having a negative refractive power, a third lens unit L 3  having a positive refractive power, a fourth lens unit L 4  having a positive refractive power, and a fifth lens unit L 5  having a negative refractive power. The first lens unit L 1  includes a lens (positive lens) L 11 , a lens (negative lens) L 12 , and a lens (positive lens) L 13 . The second lens unit L 2  includes lenses L 21  and L 22 . The third lens unit L 3  includes a diaphragm SP and lenses L 31  and L 32 . The fourth lens unit L 4  includes lenses L 41  and L 42 . The fifth lens unit L 5  includes lenses L 51  and L 52 . During zooming from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end, the first lens unit L 1 , the third lens unit L 3 , the fourth lens unit L 4 , and the fifth lens unit L 5  move, and the second lens unit L 2  does not move. At this time, a distance between the first lens unit L 1  and the second lens unit L 2  and a distance between the fourth lens unit L 4  and the fifth lens unit L 5  are widened, and a distance between the second lens unit L 2  and the third lens unit L 3  and a distance between the third lens unit L 3  and the fourth lens unit L 4  are narrowed, respectively. Both sides of the lens L 42  of the fourth lens unit L 4  are aspherical. The fifth lens unit L 5  serves as a focus lens unit. 
     The zoom lens  1   b  according to Example 2 includes a first lens unit L 1  having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit L 2  having a negative refractive power, a third lens unit L 3  having a positive refractive power, a fourth lens unit L 4  having a positive refractive power, and a fifth lens unit L 5  having a negative refractive power. The first lens unit L 1  includes lenses L 11 , L 12 , and L 13 . The second lens unit L 2  includes lenses L 21  and L 22 . The third lens unit L 3  includes a diaphragm SP and lenses L 31  and L 32 . The fourth lens unit L 4  includes lenses L 41  and L 42 . The fifth lens unit L 5  includes lenses L 51  and L 52 . During zooming from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end, the first lens unit L 1 , the third lens unit L 3 , the fourth lens unit L 4 , and the fifth lens unit L 5  move, and the second lens unit L 2  does not move. At this time, a distance between the first lens unit L and the second lens unit L 2  and a distance between the fourth lens unit L 4  and the fifth lens unit L 5  are widened, and a distance between the second lens unit L 2  and the third lens unit L 3  and a distance between the third lens unit L 3  and the fourth lens unit L 4  are narrowed, respectively. Both sides of the lens L 42  of the fourth lens unit L 4  are aspherical. The fifth lens unit L 5  serves as a focus lens unit. 
     The zoom lens  1   c  according to Example 3 includes a first lens unit L 1  having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit L 2  having a negative refractive power, a third lens unit L 3  having a positive refractive power, a fourth lens unit L 4  having a positive refractive power, a fifth lens unit L 5  having a positive refractive power, and a sixth lens unit L 6  having a negative refractive power. The first lens unit L 1  includes lenses L 11 , L 12 , and L 13 . The second lens unit L 2  includes L 21  and L 22 . The third lens unit L 3  includes a diaphragm SP and lenses L 31  and L 32 . The fourth lens unit L 4  includes lenses L 41  and L 42 . The fifth lens unit L 5  includes lenses L 51  and L 52 . The sixth lens unit L 6  includes lenses L 61  and L 62 . During zooming from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end, the first lens unit L 1 , the third lens unit L 3 , the fourth lens unit L 4 , the fifth lens unit L 5 , and the sixth lens unit L 6  move, and the second lens unit L 2  does not move. During zooming, a distance between the first lens unit L 1  and the second lens unit L 2  and a distance between the fourth lens unit L 4  and the fifth lens unit L 5  are widened, respectively. During zooming, a distance between the second lens unit L 2  and the third lens unit L 3 , a distance between the third lens unit L 3  and the fourth lens unit L 4 , and a distance between the fifth lens unit L 5  and the sixth lens unit L 6  are narrowed, respectively. Both sides of the lens L 42  of the fourth lens unit L 4  are aspherical. Both sides of the lens L 42  of the fourth lens unit L 4  are aspherical. The sixth lens unit L 6  serves as a focus lens unit. 
     The zoom lens  1   d  according to Example 4 includes a first lens unit L 1  having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit L 2  having a negative refractive power, a third lens unit L 3  having a positive refractive power, a fourth lens unit L 4  having a positive refractive power, a fifth lens unit L 5  having a negative refractive power, and a sixth lens unit L 6  having a positive refractive power. The first lens unit L 1  includes lenses L 11 , L 12 , and L 13 . The second lens unit L 2  includes lenses L 21  and L 22 . The third lens unit L 3  includes a diaphragm SP and lenses L 31  and L 32 . The fourth lens unit L 4  includes lenses L 41  and L 42 . The fifth lens unit L 5  includes lenses L 51  and L 52 . The sixth lens unit L 6  includes a lens L 61 . During zooming from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end, the first lens unit L 1 , the third lens unit L 3 , the fourth lens unit L 4 , the fifth lens unit L 5 , and the sixth lens unit L 6  move, and the second lens unit L 2  does not move. During zooming, a distance between the first lens unit L 1  and the second lens unit L 2  and a distance between the fifth lens unit L 5  and the sixth lens unit L 6  are widened, respectively. During zooming, a distance between the second lens unit L 2  and the third lens unit L 3 , a distance between the third lens unit L 3  and the fourth lens unit L 4 , and a distance between the fourth lens unit L 4  and the fifth lens unit L 5  are narrowed, respectively. Both sides of the lens L 42  of the fourth lens unit L 4  are aspherical. The fifth lens unit L 5  serves as a focus lens unit. 
     The zoom lens  1   e  according to Example 5 includes a first lens unit L 1  having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit L 2  having a negative refractive power, a third lens unit L 3  having a positive refractive power, a fourth lens unit L 4  having a positive refractive power, a fifth lens unit L 5  having a negative refractive power, and a sixth lens unit L 6  having a negative refractive power. The first lens unit L 1  includes lenses L 11 , L 12 , and L 13 . The second lens unit L 2  includes lenses L 21  and L 22 . The third lens unit L 3  includes a diaphragm SP and lenses L 31  and L 32 . The fourth lens unit L 4  includes a lens L 41 . The fifth lens unit L 5  includes lenses L 51  and L 52 . The sixth lens unit L 6  includes a lens L 61 . During zooming from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end, the first lens unit L 1 , the third lens unit L 3 , the fourth lens unit L 4 , the fifth lens unit L 5 , and the sixth lens unit L 6  move, and the second lens unit L 2  does not move. During zooming, a distance between the first lens unit L 1  and the second lens unit L 2  and a distance between the fifth lens unit L 5  and the sixth lens unit L 6  are widened, respectively. During zooming, a distance between the second lens unit L 2  and the third lens unit L 3 , a distance between the third lens unit L 3  and the fourth lens unit L 4 , and a distance between the fourth lens unit L 4  and the fifth lens unit L 5  are narrowed, respectively. Both sides of the lens L 41  of the fourth lens unit L 4  are aspherical. The fifth lens unit L 5  serves as a focus lens unit. 
     The zoom lens  1   f  according to Example 6 includes a first lens unit L 1 , a second lens unit L 2 , a third lens unit L 3 , a fourth lens unit L 4 , and a fifth lens unit L 5  having a negative refractive power, a sixth lens unit L 6  having a refractive power, and a seventh lens unit L 7  having a negative refractive power. The first lens unit L 1  includes lenses L 11 , L 12 , and L 13 . The second lens unit L 2  includes lenses L 21  and L 22 . The third lens unit L 3  includes a diaphragm SP and a lens L 31 . The fourth lens unit L 4  includes lenses L 41  and L 42 . The fifth lens unit L 5  includes lenses L 51  and L 52 . The sixth lens unit L 6  includes a lens L 61 . The seventh lens unit L 7  includes a lens L 71 . During zooming from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end, the first lens unit L 1 , the third lens unit L 3 , the fourth lens unit L 4 , the fifth lens unit L 5 , the sixth lens unit L 6 , and the seventh lens unit L 7  move, and the two lens unit L 2  does not move. During zooming, a distance between the first lens unit L 1  and the second lens unit L 2  and a distance between the fifth lens unit L 5  and the sixth lens unit L 6  are widened, respectively. During zooming, a distance between the second lens unit L 2  and the third lens unit L 3 , a distance between the third lens unit L 3  and the fourth lens unit L 4 , a distance between the fourth lens unit L 4  and the fifth lens unit L 5 , and a distance between the 6th lens unit L 6  and the seventh lens unit L 7  are narrowed, respectively. Both sides of the lens L 31  of the third lens unit L 3  are aspherical. Both sides of the lens L 42  of the fourth lens unit L 4  are aspherical. The fifth lens unit L 5  serves as a focus lens unit. 
     A description will be given of numerical examples 1 to 6 corresponding to Examples 1 to 6. In each numerical example, each surface of the optical system is assigned a surface number i (i is a natural number) from the object side. r is a radius of curvature (mm) of each surface, d is a lens thickness or distance (air spacing) (mm) on the optical axis between a surface with a surface number i and a surface with a surface number (i+1), and nd is a refractive index of a material of the optical element having each surface. vd is an Abbe number for the d-line of the material of the optical element having each surface. The Abbe number vd of a certain material is expressed as vd=(Nd−1)/(NF−NC), where Nd, NF, and NC are refractive indexes for the d-line (587.6 nm), the F-line (486.1 nm), and the C-line (656.3 nm) in the Fraunhofer lines. 
     The focal length (mm), F-number, and half angle of view (°) are values when the optical system is in focus on an object at infinity. The overall length of the lens is a length obtained by adding a backfocus BF to a distance on the optical axis from the frontmost surface (lens surface closest to the object) to the final surface (lens surface closest to the image plane) of the optical system. The backfocus BF is a distance from the final plane of the optical system to the image plane. 
     An asterisk “*” attached to the surface number means that the surface has an aspherical shape. In the aspherical shape, x is a displacement amount from a surface apex in the optical axis direction, h is a height from the optical axis in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis, a traveling direction of light is positive, and R is a paraxial radius of curvature, k is a conical constant, and A4, A6, A8, A10, and A12 are aspheric coefficients, and x is expressed by the following expression. The aspherical coefficient “e−x” means 10 −x . 
         x =( h   2   /R )/[1+{1−(1+ k )( h/R ) 2 } 1/2   +A 4× h   4   +A 6× h   6   +A 8× h   8   +A 10× h   10   +A 12× h   12  
 
     Table 1 summarizes values corresponding to the inequalities (1) to (12) in the numerical examples 1 to 6. 
     Numerical Example 1 
     UNIT: mm 
     Surface Data 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Surface No. 
                 r 
                 d 
                 nd 
                 vd 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                  1 
                 103.753 
                 4.61 
                 1.48749 
                 70.2 
               
               
                   
                  2 
                 ∞ 
                 0.15 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  3 
                 156.943 
                 1.90 
                 1.61340 
                 44.3 
               
               
                   
                  4 
                 53.406 
                 5.96 
                 1.49700 
                 81.5 
               
               
                   
                  5 
                 380.919 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  6 
                 −101.313 
                 1.00 
                 1.77250 
                 49.6 
               
               
                   
                  7 
                 28.984 
                 2.85 
                 2.05090 
                 26.9 
               
               
                   
                  8 
                 55.746 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  9 (Diaphragm) 
                 ∞ 
                 0.60 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 29.396 
                 5.49 
                 1.48749 
                 70.2 
               
               
                   
                 11 
                 −59.441 
                 5.76 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 −31.194 
                 1.30 
                 2.00100 
                 29.1 
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 −75.081 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 14 
                 415.256 
                 3.50 
                 1.48749 
                 70.2 
               
               
                   
                 15 
                 −30.719 
                 6.37 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 16* 
                 49.641 
                 3.00 
                 1.53110 
                 55.9 
               
               
                   
                 17* 
                 47.793 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 18 
                 −992.387 
                 2.22 
                 1.84666 
                 23.9 
               
               
                   
                 19 
                 −42.688 
                 0.95 
                 1.80400 
                 46.5 
               
               
                   
                 20 
                 39.970 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Image Plane 
                 ∞ 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Aspheric Data 
     16th Surface 
     K=0.00000e+000 A 4=−4.71184e−005 A 6=−1.69647e−007 A 8=6.47160e−010 A10=−6.68961e−012 A12=3.22858e−014 
     17th Surface 
     K=0.00000e+000 A 4=−4.13756e−005 A 6=−1.60763e−007 A 8=6.71955e−010 A10=−4.98484e−012 A12=2.62649e−014 
     Various Data 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 ZOOM RATIO 
                 3.87 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 WIDE-ANGLE 
                 MIDDLE 
                 TELEPHOTO 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Focal Length: 
                 100.31 
                 200.00 
                 388.00 
               
               
                 Fno: 
                 5.77 
                 7.17 
                 8.24 
               
               
                 Half Angle of View: 
                 12.17 
                 6.17 
                 3.19 
               
               
                 Image Height: 
                 21.64 
                 21.64 
                 21.64 
               
               
                 Overall Lens Length: 
                 182.61 
                 225.42 
                 258.53 
               
               
                 BF: 
                 48.26 
                 75.67 
                 110.31 
               
               
                 d 5 
                 16.89 
                 59.69 
                 92.80 
               
               
                 d 8 
                 41.71 
                 26.23 
                 3.60 
               
               
                 d13 
                 11.14 
                 6.27 
                 4.09 
               
               
                 d17 
                 18.95 
                 11.89 
                 2.07 
               
               
                 d20 
                 48.26 
                 75.67 
                 110.31 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Zoom Lens Unit Data 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Lens Unit 
                 Starting Surface 
                 Focal Length 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 1 
                 192.87 
               
               
                 2 
                 6 
                 −59.32 
               
               
                 3 
                 9 
                 107.44 
               
               
                 4 
                 14 
                 58.11 
               
               
                 5 
                 18 
                 −50.03 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Numerical Example 2 
     UNIT: mm 
     Surface Data 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Surface No. 
                 r 
                 d 
                 nd 
                 vd 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                  1 
                 125.719 
                 4.61 
                 1.48749 
                 70.2 
               
               
                   
                  2 
                 ∞ 
                 0.15 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  3 
                 206.094 
                 1.90 
                 1.61340 
                 44.3 
               
               
                   
                  4 
                 61.613 
                 5.96 
                 1.49700 
                 81.5 
               
               
                   
                  5 
                 3311.719 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  6 
                 −94.238 
                 1.00 
                 1.77250 
                 49.6 
               
               
                   
                  7 
                 29.812 
                 2.85 
                 2.05090 
                 26.9 
               
               
                   
                  8 
                 59.746 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  9 (Diaphragm) 
                 ∞ 
                 0.60 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 33.800 
                 5.49 
                 1.48749 
                 70.2 
               
               
                   
                 11 
                 −59.212 
                 5.76 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 −33.313 
                 1.30 
                 2.00100 
                 29.1 
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 −79.764 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 14 
                 669.192 
                 3.50 
                 1.59282 
                 68.6 
               
               
                   
                 15 
                 −38.012 
                 8.00 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 16* 
                 31.365 
                 3.00 
                 1.53110 
                 55.9 
               
               
                   
                 17* 
                 27.194 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 18 
                 190.513 
                 2.22 
                 1.95906 
                 17.5 
               
               
                   
                 19 
                 −407.020 
                 0.95 
                 1.80400 
                 46.5 
               
               
                   
                 20 
                 42.702 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Image Plane 
                 ∞ 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Aspheric Data 
     16th Surface 
     K=0.00000e+000 A 4=−3.77585e−005 A 6=−1.11836e−007 A 8=2.47802e−010 A10=−1.60309e−012 A12=7.41207e−015 
     17th Surface 
     K=0.00000e+000 A 4=−3.68964e−005 A 6=−1.27560e−007 A 8=4.90571e−010 A10=−3.52309e−012 A12=1.66624e−014 
     Various Data 
       
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                   
               
               
                 ZOOM RATIO 3.50 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 WIDE-ANGLE 
                 MIDDLE 
                 TELEPHOTO 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Focal Length: 
                 100.00 
                 187.74 
                 350.00 
               
               
                 Fno: 
                 5.77 
                 7.05 
                 8.24 
               
               
                 Half Angle of View: 
                 12.21 
                 6.57 
                 3.54 
               
               
                 Image Height: 
                 21.64 
                 21.64 
                 21.64 
               
               
                 Overall Lens Length: 
                 191.90 
                 234.71 
                 267.82 
               
               
                 BF: 
                 53.88 
                 82.89 
                 117.84 
               
               
                 d5 
                 16.89 
                 59.69 
                 92.80 
               
               
                 d8 
                 41.71 
                 26.23 
                 3.60 
               
               
                 d13 
                 11.14 
                 6.27 
                 4.09 
               
               
                 d17 
                 21.00 
                 12.34 
                 2.19 
               
               
                 d20 
                 53.88 
                 82.89 
                 117.84 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Zoom Lens Unit Data 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Lens Unit 
                 Starting Surface 
                 Focal Length 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 1 
                 207.37 
               
               
                 2 
                 6 
                 −60.76 
               
               
                 3 
                 9 
                 126.45 
               
               
                 4 
                 14 
                 64.97 
               
               
                 5 
                 18 
                 −75.45 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Numerical Example 3 
     UNIT: mm 
     Surface Data 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Surface No. 
                 r 
                 d 
                 nd 
                 vd 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                  1 
                 72.901 
                 5.00 
                 1.48749 
                 70.2 
               
               
                   
                  2 
                 −5116.308 
                 0.15 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  3 
                 96.485 
                 1.90 
                 1.80610 
                 40.7 
               
               
                   
                  4 
                 38.718 
                 5.96 
                 1.59410 
                 60.5 
               
               
                   
                  5 
                 151.108 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  6 
                 −138.145 
                 1.00 
                 1.75500 
                 52.3 
               
               
                   
                  7 
                 25.532 
                 2.85 
                 2.05090 
                 26.9 
               
               
                   
                  8 
                 44.316 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  9 (Diaphragm) 
                 ∞ 
                 0.60 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 40.918 
                 3.54 
                 1.59410 
                 60.5 
               
               
                   
                 11 
                 −110.268 
                 5.49 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 −40.305 
                 1.30 
                 2.00069 
                 25.5 
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 −86.998 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 14 
                 −32.977 
                 2.71 
                 1.59410 
                 60.5 
               
               
                   
                 15 
                 −19.917 
                 0.36 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 16* 
                 −28.313 
                 2.50 
                 1.68040 
                 18.1 
               
               
                   
                 17* 
                 −28.575 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 18 
                 43.490 
                 1.00 
                 1.84666 
                 73.8 
               
               
                   
                 19 
                 34.968 
                 2.47 
                 1.49700 
                 81.5 
               
               
                   
                 20 
                 73.461 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 21 
                 1108.890 
                 3.10 
                 1.92119 
                 24.0 
               
               
                   
                 22 
                 −60.469 
                 0.95 
                 1.83481 
                 42.7 
               
               
                   
                 23 
                 47.468 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Image Plane 
                 ∞ 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Aspheric Data 
     16th Surface 
     K=0.00000e+000 A 4=−6.21812e−005 A 6=−6.99576e−008 A 8=−9.13103e−011 A10=−2.47166e−012 A12=1.49716e−014 
     17th Surface 
     K=0.00000e+000 A 4=−4.63866e−005 A 6=−2.29469e−008 A 8=−7.19123e−011 A10=−7.36741e−013 A12=5.69474e−015 
     Various Data 
       
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                   
               
               
                 ZOOM RATIO 4.29 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 WIDE-ANGLE 
                 MIDDLE 
                 TELEPHOTO 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Focal Length: 
                 70.00 
                 149.64 
                 300.00 
               
               
                 Fno: 
                 4.20 
                 6.04 
                 7.20 
               
               
                 Half Angle of View: 
                 17.17 
                 8.23 
                 4.12 
               
               
                 Image Height: 
                 21.64 
                 21.64 
                 21.64 
               
               
                 Overall Lens Length: 
                 170.19 
                 199.65 
                 232.45 
               
               
                 BF: 
                 23.56 
                 62.47 
                 105.22 
               
               
                 d5 
                 4.56 
                 34.02 
                 66.82 
               
               
                 d8 
                 41.56 
                 24.34 
                 5.16 
               
               
                 d13 
                 19.67 
                 11.78 
                 3.01 
               
               
                 d17 
                 1.00 
                 4.23 
                 7.82 
               
               
                 d20 
                 38.95 
                 21.92 
                 3.52 
               
               
                 d23 
                 23.56 
                 62.47 
                 105.22 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Zoom Lens Unit Data 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Lens Unit 
                 Starting Surface 
                 Focal Length 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 1 
                 165.49 
               
               
                 2 
                 6 
                 −57.39 
               
               
                 3 
                 9 
                 120.57 
               
               
                 4 
                 14 
                 77.38 
               
               
                 5 
                 18 
                 334.80 
               
               
                 6 
                 21 
                 −65.42 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Numerical Example 4 
     UNIT: mm 
     Surface Data 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Surface No. 
                 r 
                 d 
                 nd 
                 vd 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                  1 
                 137.194 
                 3.32 
                 1.48749 
                 70.2 
               
               
                   
                  2 
                 556.213 
                 0.15 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  3 
                 169.321 
                 1.90 
                 1.61340 
                 44.3 
               
               
                   
                  4 
                 59.780 
                 7.39 
                 1.49700 
                 81.5 
               
               
                   
                  5 
                 −492.395 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  6 
                 −250.411 
                 1.00 
                 1.75500 
                 52.3 
               
               
                   
                  7 
                 25.858 
                 2.85 
                 2.05090 
                 26.9 
               
               
                   
                  8 
                 43.298 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  9 (Diaphragm) 
                 ∞ 
                 0.60 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 31.879 
                 4.94 
                 1.49700 
                 81.5 
               
               
                   
                 11 
                 131.830 
                 9.29 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 −30.439 
                 1.30 
                 2.00069 
                 25.5 
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 −43.792 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 14 
                 35.880 
                 4.30 
                 1.49700 
                 81.5 
               
               
                   
                 15 
                 −37.877 
                 8.00 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 16* 
                 −26.275 
                 2.50 
                 1.68040 
                 18.1 
               
               
                   
                 17* 
                 −29.773 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 18 
                 −176.955 
                 2.56 
                 2.00069 
                 25.5 
               
               
                   
                 19 
                 −29.993 
                 0.95 
                 1.83481 
                 42.7 
               
               
                   
                 20 
                 32.008 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 21 
                 44.117 
                 4.00 
                 1.48749 
                 70.2 
               
               
                   
                 22 
                 78.183 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Image Plane 
                 ∞ 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Aspheric Data 
     16th Surface 
     K=0.00000e+000 A 4=−5.75946e−005 A 6=5.33432e−008 A 8=7.02179e−010 A10=−4.69444e−012 A12=1.53060e−014 
     17th Surface 
     K=0.00000e+000 A4=−4.17692e−005 A 6=6.39652e−008 A 8=6.52144e−010 A10=−5.41304e−012 A12=1.71572e−014 
     Various Data 
       
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                   
               
               
                 ZOOM RATIO 3.50 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 WIDE-ANGLE 
                 MIDDLE 
                 TELEPHOTO 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Focal Length: 
                 100.01 
                 181.05 
                 350.01 
               
               
                 Fno: 
                 5.80 
                 7.02 
                 8.00 
               
               
                 Half Angle of View: 
                 12.21 
                 6.81 
                 3.54 
               
               
                 Image Height: 
                 21.64 
                 21.64 
                 21.64 
               
               
                 Overall Lens Length: 
                 199.48 
                 233.16 
                 270.66 
               
               
                 BF: 
                 48.68 
                 44.50 
                 39.84 
               
               
                 d5 
                 20.44 
                 54.13 
                 91.63 
               
               
                 d8 
                 36.85 
                 20.92 
                 3.19 
               
               
                 d13 
                 17.18 
                 11.36 
                 4.88 
               
               
                 d17 
                 11.26 
                 8.69 
                 1.00 
               
               
                 d20 
                 10.00 
                 38.50 
                 75.05 
               
               
                 d22 
                 48.68 
                 44.50 
                 39.84 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Zoom Lens Unit Data 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Lens Unit 
                 Starting Surface 
                 Focal Length 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 1 
                 187.56 
               
               
                 2 
                 6 
                 −64.18 
               
               
                 3 
                 9 
                 259.39 
               
               
                 4 
                 14 
                 41.78 
               
               
                 5 
                 18 
                 −37.94 
               
               
                 6 
                 21 
                 200.00 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Numerical Example 5 
     UNIT: mm 
     Surface Data 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Surface No. 
                 r 
                 d 
                 nd 
                 vd 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                  1 
                 81.922 
                 6.75 
                 1.59349 
                 67.0 
               
               
                   
                  2 
                 271.327 
                 0.15 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  3 
                 125.880 
                 1.90 
                 1.78885 
                 48.6 
               
               
                   
                  4 
                 55.716 
                 8.50 
                 1.43875 
                 94.7 
               
               
                   
                  5 
                 1162.628 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  6 
                 −677.896 
                 1.00 
                 1.80400 
                 46.5 
               
               
                   
                  7 
                 25.832 
                 2.85 
                 1.80610 
                 33.3 
               
               
                   
                  8 
                 100.072 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  9 (Diaphragm) 
                 ∞ 
                 0.60 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 27.834 
                 3.38 
                 1.49700 
                 81.5 
               
               
                   
                 11 
                 164.466 
                 3.11 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 −115.909 
                 1.30 
                 2.05090 
                 26.9 
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 282.269 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 14* 
                 328.394 
                 4.00 
                 1.53110 
                 55.9 
               
               
                   
                 15* 
                 −36.741 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 16 
                 475.166 
                 2.17 
                 1.64769 
                 33.8 
               
               
                   
                 17 
                 −39.030 
                 0.95 
                 1.61800 
                 63.4 
               
               
                   
                 18 
                 36.189 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 19 
                 −66.132 
                 1.50 
                 1.49700 
                 81.5 
               
               
                   
                 20 
                 −278.665 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Image Plane 
                 ∞ 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Aspheric Data 
     14th Surface 
     K=0.00000e+000 A 4=−1.26376e−005 A 6=−1.19115e−008 A 8=2.37456e−010 A10=−3.25470e−012 A12=1.12982e−014 
     15th Surface 
     K=0.00000e+000 A 4=−3.00508e−006 A 6=−9.30388e−009 A 8=2.40835e−010 A10=−3.30499e−012 A12=1.15799e−014 
     Various Data 
       
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                   
               
               
                 ZOOM RATIO 2.40 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 WIDE-ANGLE 
                 MIDDLE 
                 TELEPHOTO 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Focal Length: 
                 250.00 
                 416.21 
                 600.00 
               
               
                 Fno: 
                 7.63 
                 9.80 
                 11.33 
               
               
                 Half Angle of View: 
                 4.95 
                 2.98 
                 2.07 
               
               
                 Image Height: 
                 21.64 
                 21.64 
                 21.64 
               
               
                 Overall Lens Length: 
                 292.59 
                 310.00 
                 329.37 
               
               
                 BF: 
                 70.11 
                 113.47 
                 161.73 
               
               
                 d5 
                 65.81 
                 83.22 
                 102.60 
               
               
                 d8 
                 78.31 
                 42.49 
                 2.62 
               
               
                 d13 
                 10.19 
                 7.87 
                 5.79 
               
               
                 d15 
                 20.00 
                 10.35 
                 1.00 
               
               
                 d18 
                 10.00 
                 14.43 
                 17.98 
               
               
                 d20 
                 70.11 
                 113.47 
                 161.73 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Zoom Lens Unit Data 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Lens Unit 
                 Starting Surface 
                 Focal Length 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 1 
                 206.90 
               
               
                 2 
                 6 
                 −108.94 
               
               
                 3 
                 9 
                 303.78 
               
               
                 4 
                 14 
                 62.46 
               
               
                 5 
                 16 
                 −67.10 
               
               
                 6 
                 19 
                 −174.88 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Numerical Example 6 
     UNIT: mm 
     Surface Data 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Surface No. 
                 r 
                 d 
                 nd 
                 vd 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                  1 
                 146.960 
                 3.56 
                 1.48749 
                 70.2 
               
               
                   
                  2 
                 2970.292 
                 0.15 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  3 
                 136.612 
                 1.90 
                 1.61340 
                 44.3 
               
               
                   
                  4 
                 57.926 
                 5.80 
                 1.49700 
                 81.5 
               
               
                   
                  5 
                 1014.952 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  6 
                 −98.695 
                 1.00 
                 1.80400 
                 46.5 
               
               
                   
                  7 
                 32.967 
                 2.85 
                 2.05090 
                 26.9 
               
               
                   
                  8 
                 83.134 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  9 (Diaphragm) 
                 ∞ 
                 0.60 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 10* 
                 91.871 
                 2.40 
                 1.49710 
                 81.6 
               
               
                   
                 11* 
                 −108.954 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 87.448 
                 3.76 
                 1.49700 
                 81.5 
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 −30.162 
                 2.39 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 14* 
                 −19.786 
                 2.00 
                 1.68040 
                 18.1 
               
               
                   
                 15* 
                 −26.414 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 16 
                 12798.799 
                 2.24 
                 1.96300 
                 24.1 
               
               
                   
                 17 
                 −49.891 
                 0.95 
                 1.83481 
                 42.7 
               
               
                   
                 18 
                 37.330 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 19 
                 127.306 
                 5.90 
                 1.48749 
                 70.2 
               
               
                   
                 20 
                 −50.154 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 21 
                 −52.612 
                 1.50 
                 1.43875 
                 94.7 
               
               
                   
                 22 
                 102.645 
                 (Variable) 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Image Plane 
                 ∞ 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Aspheric Data 
     10th Surface 
     K=0.00000e+000 A 4=−1.82591e−005 A 6=−3.28414e−007 A 8=3.26981e−09 A10=−3.45786e−011 A12=7.88756e−014 
     11th Surface 
     K=0.00000e+000 A 4=−7.18371e−006 A 6=−3.69839e−007 A 8=4.13299e−009 A10=−4.11120e−011 A12=1.06406e−013 
     14th Surface 
     K=0.00000e+000 A 4=6.94676e−005 A 6=−3.36098e−007 A 8=4.13862e−009 A10=−3.50812e−011 A12=1.18904e−013 
     15th Surface 
     K=0.00000e+000 A 4=5.41469e−005 A 6=−2.50303e−007 A 8=2.53834e−009 A10=−2.06649e−011 A12=6.73250e−014 
     Various Data 
       
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                   
               
               
                 ZOOM RATIO 3.50 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 WIDE-ANGLE 
                 MIDDLE 
                 TELEPHOTO 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Focal Length: 
                 100.00 
                 181.29 
                 350.00 
               
               
                 Fno: 
                 5.80 
                 7.00 
                 8.00 
               
               
                 Half Angle of View: 
                 12.21 
                 6.81 
                 3.54 
               
               
                 Image Height: 
                 21.64 
                 21.64 
                 21.64 
               
               
                 Overall Lens Length: 
                 186.42 
                 225.77 
                 269.57 
               
               
                 BF: 
                 29.91 
                 45.52 
                 62.89 
               
               
                 d5 
                 14.58 
                 53.93 
                 97.73 
               
               
                 d8 
                 41.50 
                 23.09 
                 2.60 
               
               
                 d11 
                 5.00 
                 3.36 
                 1.53 
               
               
                 d15 
                 10.16 
                 8.52 
                 1.00 
               
               
                 d18 
                 25.67 
                 42.03 
                 65.93 
               
               
                 d20 
                 22.61 
                 12.33 
                 0.90 
               
               
                 d22 
                 29.91 
                 45.52 
                 62.89 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Zoom Lens Unit Data 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Lens Unit 
                 Starting Surface 
                 Focal Length 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 1 
                 1 
                 193.74 
               
               
                 2 
                 6 
                 −75.01 
               
               
                 3 
                 9 
                 100.67 
               
               
                 4 
                 12 
                 70.51 
               
               
                 5 
                 16 
                 −50.80 
               
               
                 6 
                 19 
                 74.62 
               
               
                 7 
                 21 
                 −79.05 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 1 
                 Ex. 2 
                 Ex. 3 
                 Ex. 4 
                 Ex. 5 
                 Ex. 6 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 fw 
                 100.31 
                 100.00 
                 70.00 
                 100.01 
                 250.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                 ft 
                 388.00 
                 350.00 
                 300.00 
                 350.01 
                 600.00 
                 350.00 
               
               
                 fL1 
                 192.87 
                 207.37 
                 165.49 
                 187.56 
                 206.90 
                 193.74 
               
               
                 fL2 
                 −59.32 
                 −60.76 
                 −57.39 
                 −64.18 
                 −108.94 
                 −75.01 
               
               
                 fL3 
                 107.44 
                 126.45 
                 120.57 
                 259.39 
                 303.78 
                 100.67 
               
               
                 fL4 
                 58.11 
                 64.97 
                 77.38 
                 41.78 
                 62.46 
                 70.51 
               
               
                 TLt 
                 258.53 
                 267.82 
                 232.45 
                 270.66 
                 329.37 
                 269.57 
               
               
                 ndL4ave 
                 1.509 
                 1.562 
                 1.637 
                 1.589 
                 1.531 
                 1.589 
               
               
                 SL4ave 
                 1.74 
                 2.57 
                 2.67 
                 2.44 
                 1.01 
                 2.44 
               
               
                 ML1 
                 −75.91 
                 −75.91 
                 −62.26 
                 −71.19 
                 −36.79 
                 −83.15 
               
               
                 ML4 
                 −45.16 
                 −45.16 
                 −53.05 
                 −45.95 
                 −80.59 
                 −42.37 
               
               
                 vdL1Pave 
                 75.89 
                 75.89 
                 65.35 
                 75.89 
                 80.83 
                 75.89 
               
               
                 vdL3Pave 
                 70.23 
                 70.23 
                 60.47 
                 81.54 
                 81.54 
                 81.54 
               
               
                  (1) 
                 0.67 
                 0.77 
                 0.77 
                 0.77 
                 0.55 
                 0.77 
               
               
                  (2) 
                 1.509 
                 1.562 
                 1.637 
                 1.589 
                 1.531 
                 1.589 
               
               
                  (3) 
                 −0.153 
                 −0.174 
                 −0.191 
                 −0.183 
                 −0.182 
                 −0.214 
               
               
                  (4) 
                 0.277 
                 0.361 
                 0.402 
                 0.741 
                 0.506 
                 0.288 
               
               
                  (5) 
                 0.59 
                 0.59 
                 0.85 
                 0.65 
                 2.19 
                 0.51 
               
               
                  (6) 
                 −0.31 
                 −0.29 
                 −0.35 
                 −0.34 
                 −0.53 
                 −0.39 
               
               
                  (7) 
                 0.15 
                 0.19 
                 0.26 
                 0.12 
                 0.10 
                 0.20 
               
               
                  (8) 
                 0.30 
                 0.31 
                 0.47 
                 0.22 
                 0.30 
                 0.36 
               
               
                  (9) 
                 0.54 
                 0.51 
                 0.64 
                 0.16 
                 0.21 
                 0.70 
               
               
                 (10) 
                 1.74 
                 2.57 
                 2.67 
                 2.44 
                 1.01 
                 2.44 
               
               
                 (11) 
                 75.89 
                 75.89 
                 65.35 
                 75.89 
                 80.83 
                 75.89 
               
               
                 (12) 
                 70.23 
                 70.23 
                 60.47 
                 81.54 
                 81.54 
                 81.54 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Example 7 
     Referring now to  FIG. 13 , a description will be given of an image pickup apparatus according to Example 7 of the present invention.  FIG. 13  is a schematic view of an image pickup apparatus (digital still camera)  10  by using any of the zoom lenses  1   a  to  1   f  according to Examples 1 to 6 for an imaging optical system. 
     In  FIG. 13 , reference numeral  13  denotes a camera body, and reference numeral  11  denotes an imaging optical system (interchangeable lens) including any of the zoom lenses  1   a  to  1   f  according to Examples 1 to 6. Reference numeral  12  denotes an image sensor (photoelectric conversion element) such as a CCD sensor or a CMOS sensor, which is built in the camera body  13  and receives light from the imaging optical system  11  (optical image formed by the imaging optical system  11 ) and performs a photoelectric conversion. The camera body  13  may be a so-called single-lens reflex camera having a quick turn mirror, or a so-called mirrorless camera having no quick turn mirror. 
     By using the zoom lens according to any one according to Examples 1 to 6 for an image pickup apparatus such as a digital still camera, the image pickup apparatus having a small lens can be obtained. If any of the zoom lenses according to Examples 1 to 6 is mounted on an interchangeable lens (optical apparatus), a small interchangeable lens can be obtained. 
     Each example can provide a compact and lightweight zoom lens and an image pickup apparatus having high optical performance in the entire zoom range. 
     While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions. 
     This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-001396, filed on Jan. 7, 2021, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.