Patent Publication Number: US-2023140579-A1

Title: Display device

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to display devices. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     Patent Literature 1 discloses an impulse drive technique to address blurry moving images in a display device including light-emitting elements. 
     CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
     Patent Literature 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication, Tokukai, No. 2007-256728 
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
     Performing impulse drive in a display device including light-emitting elements as in Patent Literature 1 undesirably prompts degradation of the light-emitting elements due to high-luminance emission. 
     Solution to Problem 
     The present invention, in one aspect thereof, is directed to a display device including: a plurality of data signal lines connected to a data signal line drive circuit; a plurality of scan signal lines connected to a scan signal line drive circuit and intersecting with the plurality of data signal lines; and a plurality of pixel circuits at respective intersections of the plurality of data signal lines and the plurality of scan signal lines, wherein each of the plurality of pixel circuits includes: a current-driven light-emitting element; a drive transistor configured to control an electric current for the light-emitting element; a switching circuit; and a first capacitive element and a second capacitive element both connected to the switching circuit, and the switching circuit connects the first capacitive element to a control terminal of the drive transistor in a first period that falls within a single frame period and connects the second capacitive element to the control terminal of the drive transistor in a second period that falls within the single frame period and that follows the first period. 
     Advantageous Effects of Invention 
     The present invention, in an aspect thereof, can improve the quality of displays (especially, moving image displays) while restraining degradation of the light-emitting elements. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1 ( a )  is a schematic plan view of a display device in accordance with Embodiment 1.  FIG.  1 ( b )  is a cross-sectional view of a display area. 
         FIG.  2 ( a )  is a pixel circuit diagram in accordance with Embodiment 1.  FIG.  2 ( b )  is a timing chart illustrating a method of driving a pixel circuit. 
         FIGS.  3 ( a ) and  3 ( b )  are tables of exemplary settings of pixel data and luminance for each period in accordance with Embodiment 1.  FIG.  3 ( c )  is a table in accordance with a comparative example 
         FIG.  4    is a set of diagrams showing improvements in quality of moving image displays in accordance with Embodiment 1. 
         FIG.  5    is a circuit diagram showing how main lines are connected to capacitor signal lines. 
         FIG.  6    is a flow chart of capacitor signals fed to capacitor signal lines and gate pulses for stages. 
         FIG.  7    is a schematic diagram of an exemplary display produced by pixel circuits. 
         FIG.  8    is a circuit diagram showing another example of how main lines are connected to capacitor signal lines. 
         FIG.  9    is a schematic diagram of an exemplary display produced by pixel circuits. 
         FIG.  10 ( a )  is a pixel circuit diagram in accordance with Embodiment 2.  FIG.  10 ( b )  is a timing chart illustrating a method of driving a pixel circuit. 
         FIG.  11 ( a )  is a circuit diagram of a pixel circuit constructed in accordance with Embodiment 3.  FIG.  11 ( b )  is a timing chart illustrating a method of driving the pixel circuit. 
         FIG.  12    is a circuit diagram of a pixel circuit constructed in accordance with Embodiment 4. 
         FIG.  13    is a timing chart illustrating a method of driving the pixel circuit in  FIG.  12   . 
         FIG.  14    is a circuit diagram of a pixel circuit constructed in accordance with Embodiment 5. 
         FIG.  15    is a timing chart illustrating a method of driving the pixel circuit in  FIG.  14   . 
         FIG.  16    is a circuit diagram of a variation example of the pixel circuit constructed in accordance with Embodiment 5. 
         FIG.  17    is a timing chart illustrating a method of driving the pixel circuit in  FIG.  16   . 
         FIG.  18 ( a )  is a graph of luminance versus data voltage characteristics in accordance with embodiments (when luminance is not capped at high gray levels).  FIG.  18 ( b )  is a graph representing corrected data voltage characteristics (when luminance is not capped at high gray levels). 
         FIG.  19 ( a )  is a graph of luminance versus data voltage characteristics in accordance with embodiments (when luminance is capped at high gray levels).  FIG.  19 ( b )  is a graph representing corrected data voltage characteristics (when luminance is capped at high gray levels). 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Embodiment 1 
       FIG.  1 ( a )  is a schematic plan view of a display device in accordance with Embodiment 1.  FIG.  1 ( b )  is a cross-sectional view of a display area. Referring to  FIG.  1   , a display device  2  includes a display area DA, a data signal line drive circuit SD, a scan signal line drive circuit GD, a switching signal generation circuit KC, and a display control circuit DCC for controlling the data signal line drive circuit SD, the scan signal line drive circuit GD, and the switching signal generation circuit KC. 
     In the display area DA are there provided a plurality of pixel circuits (including a pixel circuit PKn), a plurality of data signal lines (including a data signal line DL), a plurality of scan signal lines (including a scan signal line Gn) intersecting with the plurality of data signal lines, and a plurality of switching signal lines (including a switching signal line Kn). The plurality of data signal lines is connected to the data signal line drive circuit SD. The plurality of scan signal lines is connected to the scan signal line drive circuit GD, The plurality of switching signal lines is connected to the switching signal generation circuit KC. 
     Referring to  FIG.  1   , the display device  2  includes a barrier layer  3 , a thin film transistor layer  4 , a top-emission (light is emitted toward an upper layer) light-emitting element layer  5 , and a sealing layer  6 , all of which are provided on a substrate  12  in this order. There is provided a plurality of pixel circuits each including a light-emitting element X in the display area DA. 
     The substrate  12  is a glass substrate or a flexible base member composed primarily of a polyimide or other like resin. The substrate  12  may include, for example, two polyimide films and an inorganic film sandwiched between these polyimide films. The barrier layer (undercoat layer)  3  is an inorganic insulation layer for preventing foreign objects such as water and oxygen from reaching inside and may contain, for example, silicon nitride or silicon oxide. 
     Still referring to  FIG.  1   , the thin film transistor layer  4  includes: a semiconductor layer PS overlying the barrier layer  3 ; a gate insulation film  16  overlying the semiconductor layer PS; a first metal layer (containing a gate electrode GE and the scan signal line Gn) overlying the gate insulation film  16 ; a first interlayer insulation film  18  overlying the first metal layer; a second metal layer (containing the switching signal line Kn) overlying the first interlayer insulation film  18 ; a second interlayer insulation film  20  overlying the second metal layer; a third metal layer (containing the data signal line DL) overlying the second interlayer insulation film  20 ; and a planarization film  21  overlying the third metal layer. 
     The semiconductor layer PS is, for example, a low-temperature polysilicon (LTPS). A transistor TR is constructed including the gate electrode GE and the semiconductor layer PS. The semiconductor layer PS may be a conductor, except for the channel of the transistor. 
     The first metal layer, the second metal layer, and the third metal layer are made of, for example, a monolayer or multilayer film of at least one of metals of aluminum, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, chromium, titanium, and copper. 
     The gate insulation film  16 , the first interlayer insulation film  18 , and the second interlayer insulation film  20  may be made of, for example, a silicon oxide (SiOx) film or a silicon nitride (SiNx) film formed by CVD or a stack of these films. The planarization film  21  may be made of, for example, an organic material, such as a polyimide or an acrylic resin, that can be provided by printing or coating technology. 
     The light-emitting element layer  5  includes: a first electrode (anode)  22  overlying the planarization film  21 ; an insulating edge cover film  23  covering the edge of the first electrode  22 ; an OLED (organic light-emitting diode) layer  24  overlying the edge cover film  23 ; and a second electrode (upper electrode)  25  overlying the OLED layer  24 . The edge cover film  23  is formed by patterning an applied organic material such as a polyimide or an acrylic resin by photolithography. 
     Referring again to  FIG.  1   , the light-emitting element layer  5  includes, for example, the light-emitting elements X that emit light of different colors. Each light-emitting element includes the insular, first electrode  22 , the OLED layer  24  (containing a light-emitting layer EK), and the second electrode  25 . The second electrode  25  is a common electrode provided commonly to a plurality of light-emitting elements. 
     The light-emitting element X may be, for example, an OLED (organic light-emitting diode) including an organic layer as a light-emitting layer or a QLED (quantum-dot light-emitting diode) including a quantum-dot layer as a light-emitting layer. 
     The OLED layer  24  includes, for example, a stack of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, the light-emitting layer EK, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer, all of which are provided in this order when viewed from below. The light-emitting layer is provided in openings in the edge cover film  23  (for each subpixel) in an insular manner by vapor deposition, inkjet technology, or photolithography. The other layers are provided in an insular manner or across the display area (as a common layer). One or more of the hole injection layer, the hole transport layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron injection layer may be omitted. 
      The first electrode  22  includes, for example, a stack of ITO (indium tin oxide) and either Ag (silver) or a Ag-containing alloy, so that the first electrode  22  can reflect light. The second electrode  25  (cathode) may be made of, for example, a thin film of a metal such as a magnesium-silver alloy, so that the second electrode  25  can transmit light. 
     If the light-emitting element X is an OLED, holes and electrons recombine in the light-emitting layer EK owing to the drive current flowing between the first electrode  22  and the second electrode  25 , to produce excitons that fall to the ground state to emit light. If the light-emitting element X is a QLED, holes and electrons recombine in the light-emitting layer EK owing to the drive current flowing between the first electrode  22  and the second electrode  25 , to produce excitons that transit from the conduction band energy level (conduction band) to the valence band energy level (valence band) of quantum dots to emit light. 
     The sealing layer  6 , covering the light-emitting element layer  5 , prevents foreign objects such as water and oxygen from reaching the light-emitting element layer  5  and may include, for example, two inorganic sealing films  26  and  28  and an organic film  27  sandwiched between the inorganic sealing films  26  and  28 . 
       FIG.  2 ( a )  is a pixel circuit diagram in accordance with Embodiment 1.  FIG.  2 ( b )  is a timing chart illustrating a method of driving a pixel circuit. The pixel circuit PKn includes: an associated one of the light-emitting elements X; a drive transistor TRx; a switching circuit SW including a N-type, first transistor TR 1  and a P-type, second transistor TR 2 ; a first capacitive element C 1 ; a second capacitive element C 2 ; a N-type, third transistor TR 3 ; and a N-type, fourth transistor TR 4 . 
     Each light-emitting element X has an anode connected to a HIGH power supply line PL (ELVDD line) via the drive transistor TRx and a cathode connected to a LOW power supply line (ELVSS line). 
     The drive transistor TRx has a gate terminal Nd connected to a first electrode of the first capacitive element C 1  via the first transistor TR 1 . The first electrode of the first capacitive element C 1  is connected to the data signal line DL via the third transistor TR 3 . The first capacitive element C 1  has a second electrode connected to a first capacitor signal line CAn. 
     The gate terminal Nd of the drive transistor TRx is connected to a first electrode of the second capacitive element C 2  via the second transistor TR 2 . The first electrode of the second capacitive element C 2  is connected to the data signal line DL via the fourth transistor TR 4 . The second capacitive element C 2  has a second electrode connected to a second capacitor signal line CBn. 
     The first transistor TR 1  and the second transistor TR 2  have the gate terminals thereof connected to the switching signal line Kn. The third transistor TR 3  and the fourth transistor TR 4  have the gate terminals thereof connected to the current-stage scan signal line Gn. The switching signal line Kn, the first capacitor signal line CAn, and the second capacitor signal line CBn extend parallel to the scan signal line Gn. 
     A switching signal KS fed to the switching signal line Kn is HIGH in a first period T 1  that falls within a single frame period FT and that follows a select period of the scan signal line Gn (active period of a gate pulse GPn) and LOW in a second period T 2  that falls within a single frame period FT and that follows the first period T 1 . As a result of this particular arrangement, the switching circuit SW connects the first capacitive element C 1  to a control terminal Nd of the drive transistor TRx in the first period T 1  and connects the second capacitive element C 2  to the control terminal Nd of the drive transistor TRx in the second period T 2 . The first period T 1  and the second period T 2 , as an example, have the same length of time, and both of them are shorter than 1/60 seconds 
      Both a first capacitor signal CS 1  fed to the first capacitor signal line CAn and a second capacitor signal CS 2  fed to the second capacitor signal line CBn periodically toggle between a first level (LOW) and a second level (HIGH) that is higher than the first level. The first level and the second level have a median value of Vc. 
     In  FIG.  2   , the first capacitor signal CS 1  is at the first level (LOW), and the second capacitor signal CS 2  is at the second level (HIGH), in the select period of the current-stage scan signal line Gn. The effective voltage on the gate terminal Nd of the drive transistor TRx is therefore higher than a value Vn in the first period T 1  and lower than the value Vn in the second period T 2 . The value Vn represents pixel data Dn. Specifically, letting Vad be one half of the amplitude of CS 1  and CS 2  (difference between the first or second level and Vc), the effective voltage on the Nd is equal to Vn+k1×Vad in the first period T 1  and equal to Vn-k2×Vad in the second period T 2 , where k1 is a constant in accordance with the capacitance of the first capacitive element C 1  and k2 is a constant in accordance with the capacitance of the second capacitive element C 2 . 
     It is preferred that the following inequality hold to restrain the degradation of the light-emitting element X: 
     Signal Delay on Data Signal Line DL (Charge Period) &lt; Period of First and Second Capacitor Signals CS 1  and CS 2  &lt; Signal Delay for Light-Emitting Element X (Rising Period of Electric Current). 
     Accordingly, when the pixel data Dn is grayscale, the effective current through the light-emitting element X is larger in the first period T 1  than in the second period T 2 , and the effective luminance of the light-emitting element X is higher in the first period T 1  than in the second period T 2 . The first period is a bright period, the second period is a dark period, and the average luminance of the light-emitting element X over the first period and the second period is the luminance of the pixel circuit PKn as reproduced from the pixel data Dn, in Embodiment 1. 
       FIGS.  3 ( a ) and  3 ( b )  are tables of exemplary settings of pixel data and luminance for each period in accordance with Embodiment 1.  FIG.  3 ( c )  is a table in accordance with a comparative example. For example, the settings shown in  FIG.  3 ( a )  are possible if the luminance of the light-emitting element X is capped in favor of restraining element degradation. On the other hand, for example, the settings shown in  FIG.  3 ( b )  are possible if the luminance of the light-emitting element X is not capped in favor of display quality. The settings in  FIGS.  3 ( a ) and  3 ( b )  better address blurry moving images than the settings in the comparative example where the luminance is held constant throughout a single frame period (see  FIG.  3 ( c ) ) and better restrain the degradation of the light-emitting element X than impulse drive where the light-emitting element X is turned off in a part of a single frame period. 
       FIG.  4    is a set of diagrams showing improvements in quality of moving image displays in accordance with Embodiment 1. For instance, the display of a right moving rectangle (50% luminance) contains a blurred moving image portion that is smaller in Embodiment 1 ( FIG.  4 ( b ) ) than in conventional cases ( FIG.  4 ( a )  and in a case of impulse drive, close to  FIG.  4 ( c ) )) where the luminance is held constant throughout a single frame period, which demonstrates that the display quality of the moving image has been improved. 
       FIG.  5    is a circuit diagram showing how main lines are connected to capacitor signal lines.  FIG.  6    is a flow chart of capacitor signals fed to capacitor signal lines and gate pulses for stages.  FIG.  7    is a schematic diagram of an exemplary display produced by pixel circuits. 
     In relation to the first capacitor signal line CAn and the second capacitor signal line CBn both connected to the pixel circuit PKn (current stage), a first capacitor signal line CA n + 1  and a second capacitor signal line CB n + 1  both connected to a pixel circuit PK n + 1  (first succeeding stage), a first capacitor signal line CA n + 2  and a second capacitor signal line CB n + 2  both connected to a pixel circuit PK n + 2  (second succeeding stage), and a first capacitor signal line CA n + 3  and a second capacitor signal line CB n + 3  both connected to a pixel circuit PK n + 3  (third succeeding stage),  FIG.  5    shows that the first capacitor signal line CAn and the second capacitor signal line CB n + 2  are connected to a first main line M 1 , the second capacitor signal line CBn and the first capacitor signal line CA n + 2  are connected to a second main line M 2 , the first capacitor signal line CA n + 1  and the second capacitor signal line CB n + 3  are connected to a third main line M 3 , and the first capacitor signal line CA n + 3  and the second capacitor signal line CB n + 1  are connected to a fourth main line M 4 . 
       FIG.  6    shows that the capacitor signal CS 2  fed to the second main line M 2  leads the capacitor signal CS 1  fed to the first main line M 1  by 180° (in opposite phase), the capacitor signal fed to the third main line M 3  leads the capacitor signal CS 1  by 90°, and the capacitor signal fed to the fourth main line M 4  leads the capacitor signal CS 1  by 270°. 
     The capacitor signal (first capacitor signal CS 1 ) on the first capacitor signal line CAn is LOW, and the capacitor signal (second capacitor signal CS 2 ) on the second capacitor signal line CBn is HIGH, in the active period of the gate pulse GPn. The capacitor signal on the first capacitor signal line CA n + 1  is LOW, and the capacitor signal on the second capacitor signal line CB n + 1  is HIGH, in the active period of a gate pulse GP n + 1 . The capacitor signal on the first capacitor signal line CA n + 2  is LOW, and the capacitor signal on the second capacitor signal line CB n + 2  is HIGH, in the active period of a gate pulse GP n + 2  The capacitor signal on the first capacitor signal line CA n + 3  is LOW, and the capacitor signal on the second capacitor signal line CB n + 3  is HIGH, in the active period of a gate pulse GP n + 3 . The pixel circuits PKn, PK n + 1 , PK n + 2 , and PK n + 3  are connected to the switching signal lines Kn, K n + 1 , K n + 2 , and K n + 3  respectively. 
     These connections cause the first period T 1  to be a bright period and the second period T 2  to be a dark period for each pixel circuit (PKn, PK n + 1 , PK n + 2 , and PK n + 3 ) as shown in  FIG.  7   . 
       FIG.  8    is a circuit diagram showing another example of how main lines are connected to capacitor signal lines.  FIG.  9    is a schematic diagram of an exemplary display produced by pixel circuits. 
       FIG.  8    shows that the first capacitor signal line CAn and the first capacitor signal line CA n + 2  are connected to the first main line M 1 , the second capacitor signal line CBn and the first capacitor signal line CB n + 2  are connected to the second main line M 2 , the first capacitor signal line CA n + 1  and the first capacitor signal line CA n + 3  are connected to the third main line M 3 , and the second capacitor signal line CB n + 1  and the second capacitor signal line CB n + 3  are connected to the fourth main line M 4 . 
     These connections cause the first period T 1  to be a bright period and the second period T 2  to be a dark period for the pixel circuits PKn and PK n + 1  and cause the first period T 1  to be a dark period and the second period T 2  to be a bright period for the pixel circuits PK n + 2  and PK n + 3 , as shown in  FIG.  9   . 
     Half the period of the first capacitor signal CS 1  and the second capacitor signal CS 2  (the period in which the signal stays either HIGH or LOW), in Embodiment 1, is preferably shorter than the rising period of the electric current for the light-emitting element X. This setting is effective to restrain the degradation of the light-emitting element X. Half the period of the first capacitor signal CS 1  and the second capacitor signal CS 2  is, for example, equal to an integral multiple of the horizontal scan period (1H). 
     The frame frequency (rewrite frequency), in Embodiment 1, is equal to the frequency of the input video signal. The frequency of the switching signal KS (e.g., the reciprocal of T 1  = T 2 ) is equal to N times the frame frequency (e.g., 2 to 8 times the frame frequency) where N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2. 
     A constant voltage diode may be inserted between the cathode of the light-emitting element X and the gate terminal Nd of the drive transistor TRx in Embodiment 1 shown in  FIG.  2   , to cap the luminance of the light-emitting element X. 
     Embodiment 2 
       FIG.  10 ( a )  is a pixel circuit diagram in accordance with Embodiment 2.  FIG.  10 ( b )  is a timing chart illustrating a method of driving a pixel circuit. In  FIG.  10   , the anode of the light-emitting element X may be connected to the source terminal of the drive transistor TRx via a light emission control transistor TRe, and the gate terminal of the light emission control transistor TRe may be connected to a light-emission control line En. The light-emission control line En goes active (HIGH) after the gate pulse GPn falls and goes inactive before a next gate pulse GPn rises. These settings prevent emission in the select period. 
     Embodiment 3 
       FIG.  11 ( a )  is a circuit diagram of a pixel circuit constructed in accordance with Embodiment 3.  FIG.  11 ( b )  is a timing chart illustrating a method of driving the pixel circuit. The present embodiment, unlike Embodiment 1, uses a first transistor TR 1  and a second transistor TR 2  of the same polarity type.  FIG.  11    shows that the gate terminal of the N-type, first transistor TR 1  is connected to a switching signal line KAn and the gate terminal of the N-type, second transistor TR 2  is connected to a switching signal line KBn. 
     The switching signal line KAn is active (HIGH) in the first period T 1  and the select period of the scan signal line Gn (in the period in which the gate pulse GPn is rising) and goes inactive (LOW) at the end of the first period T 1  (at the start of the second period T 2 ). The switching signal line KBn is active (HIGH) in the select period of the scan signal line Gn, goes inactive (LOW) at the start of the first period T 1 , and goes active (HIGH) at the end of the first period T 1  (at the start of the second period T 2 ). 
     The description has so far assumed that both the first transistor TR 1  and the second transistor TR 2  are of N type. Alternatively, both the first transistor TR 1  and the second transistor TR 2  may be of P type. The first transistor TR 1  and the second transistor TR 2  being of the same polarity type in this manner simplify the process of producing the transistors. 
     Embodiment 4 
       FIG.  12    is a circuit diagram of a pixel circuit constructed in accordance with Embodiment 4. There are provided a third capacitor signal line CCn and a fourth capacitor signal line CDn in  FIG.  12   . The pixel circuit PKn includes a light-emitting element X, a drive transistor TRx, a switching circuit SW, a first capacitive element C 1 , a second capacitive element C 2 , a third capacitive element C 3 , a fourth capacitive element C 4 , a N-type, third transistor TR 3 , a N-type, fourth transistor TR 4 , a N-type, seventh transistor TR 7 , and a N-type, eighth transistor TR8. The switching circuit SW includes a N-type, first transistor TR 1 , a N-type, second transistor TR 2 , a N-type, fifth transistor TR 5 , and a N-type, sixth transistor TR 6 . In Embodiment 4, the four retention capacitors, that is, the first capacitive element C 1 , the second capacitive element C 2 , the third capacitive element C 3 , and the fourth capacitive element C 4 , are connected to the control terminal of the common drive transistor TRx via the switching circuit SW. 
     The drive transistor TRx has a gate terminal Nd connected to a first electrode of the first capacitive element C 1  via the first transistor TR 1 . The first electrode of the first capacitive element C 1  is connected to the data signal line DL via the third transistor TR 3 . The first capacitive element C 1  has a second electrode connected to the first capacitor signal line CAn. 
     The gate terminal Nd of the drive transistor TRx is connected to a first electrode of the second capacitive element C 2  via the second transistor TR 2 . The first electrode of the second capacitive element C 2  is connected to the data signal line DL via the fourth transistor TR 4 . The second capacitive element C 2  has a second electrode connected to the second capacitor signal line CBn. 
     The gate terminal Nd of the drive transistor TRx is connected to a first electrode of a first capacitive element C 3  via the fifth transistor TR 5 . The third capacitive element C 3  has a first electrode connected to the data signal line DL via the seventh transistor TR 7 and a second electrode connected to the third capacitor signal line CCn. 
     The gate terminal Nd of the drive transistor TRx is connected to a first electrode of the fourth capacitive element C 4  via the sixth transistor TR 6 . The first electrode of the fourth capacitive element C 4  is connected to the data signal line DL via the eighth transistor TR8. The fourth capacitive element C 4  has a second electrode connected to the fourth capacitor signal line CDn. 
     The first transistor TR 1  has a gate terminal connected to a switching signal line KAn. The second transistor TR 2  has a gate terminal connected to a switching signal line KBn. The fifth transistor TR 5  has a gate terminal connected to a switching signal line KCn. The sixth transistor TR 6  has a gate terminal connected to a switching signal line KDn. The third transistor TR 3 , the fourth transistor TR 4 , the seventh transistor TR 7 , and the eighth transistor TR8 each have a gate terminal connected to the current-stage scan signal line Gn. 
     The first capacitor signal line CAn is connected to a first main line M 1 . The second capacitor signal line CBn is connected to a second main line M 2  The third capacitor signal line CCn is connected to a fifth main line M 5 . The fourth capacitor signal line CDn is connected to a sixth main line M 6 . 
       FIG.  13    is a timing chart illustrating a method of driving the pixel circuit in  FIG.  12   .  FIG.  13    shows one frame period FT being divided into a first period T 1  to a fourth period T 4 . Both a first capacitor signal CS 1  and a third capacitor signal CS 3  are at the first level (LOW), and both a second capacitor signal CS 2  and a fourth capacitor signal CS 4  are at the second level (HIGH), in the select period of the current-stage scan signal line Gn. 
     The switching signal line KAn has a HIGH electrical potential, and the first capacitor signal CS 1  is HIGH, in the first period T 1 . The switching signal line KBn has a HIGH electrical potential, and the second capacitor signal CS 2  is LOW, in the second period T 2 . The switching signal line KCn has a HIGH electrical potential, and the third capacitor signal CS 3  is HIGH, in a third period T 3 . The switching signal line KDn has a HIGH electrical potential, and the fourth capacitor signal CS 4  is LOW, in the fourth period T 4 . These settings cause the first period T 1  to be a bright period, the second period T 2  to be a dark period, the third period T 3  to be a bright period, and the fourth period T 4  to be a dark period, thereby achieving quadruple-speed drive. 
     Embodiment 5 
       FIG.  14    is a circuit diagram of a pixel circuit constructed in accordance with Embodiment 5.  FIG.  15    is a timing chart illustrating a method of driving the pixel circuit in  FIG.  14   . In  FIG.  14   , the pixel circuit PKn includes a light-emitting element X, a first capacitive element C 1 , a second capacitive element C 2 , an initialization transistor TRi having a gate terminal connected to the preceding-stage ((n-1)-th stage) scan signal line Gn-1, a compensation transistor TRs having a gate terminal connected to the current-stage (n-th stage) scan signal line Gn, a write control transistor TRw having a gate terminal connected to the current-stage (n-th stage) scan signal line Gn, a drive transistor TRx for controlling an electric current for the light-emitting element X, a power supply transistor TRp having a gate terminal connected to a light-emission control line EM (n-th stage), a light emission control transistor TRe having a gate terminal connected to the light-emission control line EM (n-th stage), and a setting transistor TRj having a gate terminal connected to the current-stage (n-th stage) scan signal line Gn. 
     The drive transistor TRx has a gate terminal Nd connected to an initialization power supply line IL via the initialization transistor TRi, a source terminal connected to the data signal line DL via the write control transistor TRw and also to a HIGH power supply line PL via the power supply transistor TRp, and a drain terminal connected to the anode of the light-emitting element X via the light emission control transistor TRe and also to the gate terminal Nd of the drive transistor TRx via the compensation transistor TRs. The initialization power supply line IL and the cathode (common electrode) of the light-emitting element X are fed with, for example, a LOW power supply power supply (ELVSS). 
     The gate terminal Nd of the drive transistor TRx is connected to a first electrode of the first capacitive element C 1  via the first transistor TR 1 . The first capacitive element C 1  has a second electrode connected to the first capacitor signal line CAn. 
     The gate terminal Nd of the drive transistor TRx is connected to a first electrode of the second capacitive element C 2  via the second transistor TR 2  and also via the setting transistor TRj. The second capacitive element C 2  has a second electrode connected to the second capacitor signal line CBn. 
     The first transistor TR 1  and the second transistor TR 2  have the gate terminals thereof connected to the switching signal line Kn. The switching signal line Kn, the first capacitor signal line CAn, and the second capacitor signal line CBn extend parallel to the scan signal line Gn 
     The switching signal KS fed to the switching signal line Kn, as shown in  FIG.  15   , is HIGH in the select period of the scan signal line Gn (the active period of the gate pulse GPn) that falls within a single frame period FT and also in the first period T 1  that falls within a single frame period FT and that follows the select period of the scan signal line Gn and LOW in the second period T 2  that falls within a single frame period FT and that follows the first period T 1 . As a result of this particular arrangement, the switching circuit SW connects the first capacitive element C 1  to the control terminal Nd of the drive transistor TRx in the first period T 1  and connects the second capacitive element C 2  to the control terminal Nd of the drive transistor TRx in the second period T 2 . 
     In  FIG.  15   , the first capacitor signal CS 1  is HIGH, and the second capacitor signal CS 2  is LOW, in the select period of the scan signal line Gn. Therefore, the effective value on the gate terminal Nd of the drive transistor TRx is lower than a value Vn in the first period T 1  and higher than the value Vn in the second period T 2 . The value Vn represents pixel data Dn. 
     Accordingly, when the pixel data Dn is grayscale, the effective current through the light-emitting element X is larger in the first period T 1  than in the second period T 2 , and the effective luminance of the light-emitting element X is higher in the first period T 1  than in the second period T 2 . The first period is a bright period, the second period is a dark period, and the average luminance of the light-emitting element X over the first period and the second period is the luminance of the pixel circuit PKn as reproduced from the pixel data Dn, in Embodiment 1. 
       FIG.  16    is a circuit diagram of a variation example of the pixel circuit constructed in accordance with Embodiment 5.  FIG.  17    is a timing chart illustrating a method of driving the pixel circuit in  FIG.  16   . In  FIG.  16   , both the first transistor TR 1  and the second transistor TR 2  have a P-channel like the other transistors in the pixel circuit (TRx, TRw, TRp, TRs, TRe, and TRi). 
     The electrical potential on the switching signal line KAn connected to the gate terminal of the first transistor TR 1  is active (LOW) in the select period of the scan signal line Gn (in the period in which the gate pulse GPn is rising) and in the first period T 1  and goes inactive (HIGH) at the end of the first period T 1  (at the start of second period T 2 ). The electrical potential on the switching signal line KBn connected to the gate terminal of the second transistor TR 2  is active (LOW) in the select period of the scan signal line Gn, goes inactive (HIGH) at the start of the first period T 1 , and goes active (LOW) at the end of the first period T 1  (at the start of the second period T 2 ). 
     The structure in  FIG.  16    simplifies the manufacturing process and obviates the need for the setting transistor TRj shown in  FIG.  14   , which allows for a size reduction of the pixel circuit. 
     Supplementary Description of Embodiments 
       FIG.  18 ( a )  is a graph of luminance versus data voltage characteristics in accordance with embodiments (when luminance is not capped at high gray levels).  FIG.  18 ( b )  is a graph representing corrected data voltage characteristics (when luminance is not capped at high gray levels).  FIG.  18 ( a )  demonstrates that the total sum of the characteristics in the bright period and the characteristics in the dark period is equivalent to visibility characteristics in the embodiments where luminance is distributed temporally, and these visibility characteristics change more gently at low gray levels than do the comparative characteristics obtained when luminance is not distributed temporally. Voltage is hence more easily controllable at low gray levels, which allows for improvements in display quality.  FIG.  18 ( b )  demonstrates that voltage is controlled almost linearly across the entire range of gray levels in the embodiments similarly to the case where luminance is not distributed temporally (broken line). 
       FIG.  19 ( a )  is a graph of luminance versus data voltage characteristics in accordance with embodiments (when luminance is capped at high gray levels).  FIG.  19 ( b )  is a graph representing corrected data voltage characteristics (when luminance is capped at high gray levels).  FIG.  19 ( a )  demonstrates that the total sum of the characteristics in the bright period and the characteristics in the dark period is equivalent to visibility characteristics in the embodiments where luminance is distributed temporally, and these visibility characteristics change more gently at low gray levels than do the comparative characteristics obtained when luminance is not distributed temporally. Voltage is hence more easily controllable at low gray levels, which allows for improvements in display quality.  FIG.  19 ( b )  demonstrates that the slope is larger at high gray levels than in the case where luminance is not distributed temporally (broken line) Voltage is hence more easily controllable at high gray levels, which allows for improvements in display quality. 
     The embodiments and examples described so far are for illustrative purposes only and by no means limit the scope of the present invention. It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that many modifications and variations are possible based on the description. 
     REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
     
         
           2  Display Device 
           4  Thin Film Transistor Layer 
           5  Light-emitting Element Layer 
           6  Sealing Layer 
           12  Substrate 
           16  Gate Insulation Film 
           18  First Interlayer Insulation Film 
           20  Second Interlayer Insulation Film 
           21  Planarization Film 
           22  First Electrode 
           23  Edge Cover Film 
           24  OLED Layer 
           25  Second Electrode 
         X Light-emitting Element 
         PKn Pixel Circuit 
         TRx Drive Transistor 
         TR 1  First Transistor 
         TR 2  Second Transistor 
         TR 3  Third Transistor 
         TR 4  Fourth Transistor 
         C 1  First Capacitive Element 
         C 2  Second Capacitive Element 
         C 3  Third Capacitive Element 
         C 4  Fourth Capacitive Element 
         FT One Frame Period 
         T 1  First Period 
         T 2  Second Period 
         CAn First Capacitor Signal Line 
         CBn Second Capacitor Signal Line 
         KS Switching Signal 
         Kn Switching Signal Line 
         KC Switching Signal Generation Circuit