Patent Publication Number: US-8121898-B2

Title: Methods and apparatuses for geographic area selections in pay-per-call advertisement

Description:
The present application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 60/653,661, filed Feb. 16, 2005, the disclosure which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     The present patent application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/014,073, filed Dec. 15, 2004 and claimed priority from Provisional U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 60/568,156, filed on May 4, 2004, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/872,117, filed Jun. 17, 2004 and claimed the priority from Provisional U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 60/552,124 filed on Mar. 10, 2004, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/021,939, filed Dec. 23, 2004 and claimed priority from Provisional U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 60/560,926, filed on Apr. 9, 2004, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/679,982, filed Oct. 6, 2003. All the above-mentioned related applications are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNOLOGY FIELD 
     At least some embodiments of the present invention relate to telephonic connections and advertising in general and performance-based advertising in particular. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Telephone systems allow users to conduct real time two-way voice communication. Traditional land-line based telephone systems connect one telephone set to another through one or more switching centers, operated by one or more telephone companies, over a land-line based telephone network. Traditionally, a telephone connection is based on a circuit switched network. 
     Current telephone systems may also use a package switched network for a telephone connection. A package switched network is typical in a computer data environment. Recent developments in the field of Voice over IP (VoIP) allow the delivery of voice information using the Internet Protocol (IP), in which voice information is packaged in a digital form in discrete packets rather than in the traditional circuit-committed protocols of the public switched telephone network (PSTN). 
     Cellular networks allow a cellular phone to connect to a nearby cellular base station through an air interface for wireless access to a telephone network. Recent developments in wireless telephone systems allow not only voice communications but also data communications. For example, cellular phones can now receive and send short messages through a Short Message Service (SMS). Web pages can now be retrieved through wireless cellular links and displayed on cellular phones. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) has been developed to overcome the constraints of relatively slow and intermittent nature of wireless links to access information similar or identical to World Wide Web. 
     Telephone companies provide a number of convenient features, such as call forwarding. Call forwarding of a telephone system allows a user of a phone at a given phone number to dial a specific sequence on the phone to cause the telephone system to forward incoming calls addressed to the phone number to another specified phone number indicated by the dialed sequence. 
     Telephone systems are frequently used in conducting business. Telephone numbers are typically provided in advertisements, web sites, directories, etc., as a type of contact information to reach businesses, experts, persons, etc. 
     The Internet is becoming an advertisement media to reach globally populated web users. Advertisements can be included in a web page that is frequently visited by web users. Typically, the advertisements included in the web pages contain only a limited amount of information (e.g., a small paragraph, an icon, etc.). The advertisements contain links to the web sites that provide further detailed information. In certain arrangements, the advertisers pay the advertisements based on the number of visits directed to their web sites by the links of the advertisements. 
     Performance based advertising generally refers to a type of advertising in which an advertiser pays only for a measurable event that is a direct result of an advertisement being viewed by a consumer. For example, paid inclusion advertising is a form of performance-based search advertising. With paid inclusion advertising, an advertisement is included within a search result page of a key word search. Each selection (“click”) of the advertisement from the results page is the measurable event for which the advertiser pays. In other words, payment by the advertiser is on a per click basis. 
     Another form of performance-based advertising includes paid placement advertising. Paid placement advertising is similar to paid inclusion advertising in that payment is on a per click basis. However, with paid placement advertising an advertiser ranks a particular advertisement so that it appears or is placed at a particular spot, e.g., at the top of a search engine result page, thereby to increase the odds of the advertisement being selected. 
     Both forms of performance-based advertising, i.e., paid placement and paid inclusion, suffer from the limitation that an advertiser or participant within a paid placement or paid inclusion advertising program is required to have a web presence, in the form of a web page. However, there are advertisers that either (a) do not have web pages, or (b) have web pages that are not effective at capturing the value of a web visitor, and are therefore unable, or unwilling, to participate in the traditional performance-based advertising, as described above. 
     SUMMARY 
     Methods and apparatuses to connect telephone calls and track information about the telephone calls for geographic area based advertisements are described here. In one embodiment, a method includes: receiving an indication of a target geographic area of an advertisement for an advertiser having a telephone number, the advertisement including one of: a telephone number assigned to the advertiser and a reference to the telephone number assigned to the advertiser; and providing the advertisement for delivery to users of interest in the target geographic area, the advertiser billed for the advertisement based on telephonic connections made to the telephone number of the advertiser through the telephone number assigned to the advertiser. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows how clients and advertisers interact with each other using a paid placement, or a paid inclusion advertising model, in accordance with the prior art; 
         FIG. 2  shows an interaction between clients and advertisers, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  shows a flowchart of operations performed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  shows a high level functional description of a system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates the Account Creation and Management module of the system, in greater detail; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates the Advertisement Publication Module of the system, in greater detail; 
         FIG. 7  illustrates the Call Handling Module of the system, in greater detail; 
         FIG. 8A  shows an example of a user interface that may be presented to a user during advertisement creation, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 8B  shows a campaign management interface that is presented to a user, in accordance with one embodiment. 
         FIG. 9  shows an example of a search engine result page, which includes an advertisement generated, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 10  shows an example of an email alert that is sent to an advertiser, when a call is generated, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 11  shows a high level hardware block diagram of a system that may be used to implement the system, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIGS. 12-18  describe processes in accordance with embodiments of the invention to track/credit demand partners; 
         FIG. 19  shows a diagram of a system to make and track phone connections according to one embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 20  shows an example user interface for the selection of a geographic area for an advertisers according to one embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 21  shows a diagram of connecting phone calls according to geographic areas of advertisers and callers according to one embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 22-23  show flow diagrams of generating advertisements, making and tracking phone connections according to embodiments of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the description. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the description. 
     Reference in this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Moreover, various features are described which may be exhibited by some embodiments and not by others. Similarly, various requirements are described which may be requirements for some embodiments but not other embodiments. 
       FIG. 1  of the drawings illustrates how clients and advertisers interact with each other in accordance with the paid placement, and paid inclusion advertising models of the prior art. Referring to  FIG. 1 , a number of clients indicated by reference numeral  10  are coupled to a wide area network (WAN)  14 , such as the Internet via a communications path  12 . Advertisers  16  are coupled to the WAN  14  via a communications path  18 . The communications paths  12  and  18  may support the TCP/IP protocols, in one embodiment. Each advertiser  16  has a web page  20  which in accordance with the paid placement, and paid inclusion advertising models described above, may be included in a results page of a key word search initiated by a user of a client  10 , which search is performed by an online search engine  19 . Based on the paid placement, or the paid inclusion models, the web page  20  of an advertiser  16  is included within a results page compiled by the search engine  19  and sent via the communications path  12  to the client  10  that initiated the search, so that the web page  20  may be selected or viewed by a user of the client  10  that requested the search. As noted above, if an advertiser  16  does not have a web page  20 , or does not have a web page  20  that is effective at capturing the value of a web visitor, then currently, such an advertiser may not participate, or effectively participate, in performance-based marketing such as paid placement, and paid inclusion programs. 
     Further, the techniques disclosed herein are not limited to publishing or providing advertisements for the advertisers  16  through web pages. Thus, in alternative embodiments, the unique telephone number assigned to an advertiser may be published or provided using a directory without the creation of a web page for the advertiser. The directory may be an existing directory or a new directory. The placement or ranking of the telephone number within the directory may be controlled through ranking techniques described below. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2  of the drawings, a method for allowing advertisers to participate in a pay per call advertising program, without requiring that the advertisers have a web presence, in accordance with one embodiment, is illustrated. As will be seen, the clients  10  are coupled to the WAN  14  via the communications path  12 , as before. However, the communications path  18  between the advertisers  16  and the WAN  14  is purely optional. In other words, the techniques of the present invention, allow an advertiser  16  to participate in a performance-based advertising program without the requirement that the advertiser  16  be coupled to the WAN  14  via the communications path  18 . In fact, in accordance with the techniques disclosed herein, it is not necessary that the advertisers  16  have web pages  20 . Instead, in accordance with the techniques disclosed herein, an alternative non-web based communications path  22  is provided between the clients  10  and the advertisers  16 . According to embodiments of the present invention, the non-web based communications path  22  may be provided by a conventional telephone network. Alternatively, the non-web based communications path  22  may utilize Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology to couple a client through switches of the network  14 , and switches of a public telephone network, in a manner that does not require the advertisers  16  to have a connection to the network  14 . In addition, the advertiser could be notified via other media channels, such as email, chat, instant message, etc. 
       FIG. 3  of the drawings illustrates a technique to establish the non-web based communications path  22  of  FIG. 2 , in accordance with one embodiment. Referring to  FIG. 3 , at block  26 , a unique telephone number is assigned to an advertiser  16 . Thereafter, at block  28 , an advertisement associated with the advertiser  16  is provisioned or published on a publication or media channel on behalf of the advertiser. The advertisement includes either the unique telephone number, or a reference to the unique telephone number. At block  30 , telephone calls to the unique telephone number are monitored, as will be described. At block  32 , the advertiser is charged based on the phone call activity through the assigned telephone number, as will be described. 
       FIG. 4  of the drawings shows a functional description of a system to implement the method of  FIG. 3  is shown. Referring to  FIG. 4 , the system includes account creation and management module  34 , advertisement publication module  36 , call handling module  38 , and billing module  40 . In alternative embodiments, additional, less, or different modules may be included in the system without departing from the invention. 
     The components of the account creation and management module  34 , in accordance with one embodiment, are shown in more detail in  FIG. 5  of the drawings. Referring to  FIG. 5 , it will be seen that the account creation and management module  34  includes a user interface module  44 , an advertisement creation module  46 , and a payment specification module  48 . The user interface module  44  includes logic to present information to a user, and to receive information from the user. For example, in one embodiment, the user interface module  44  causes a web page such as the web page  112  of  FIG. 8  to be displayed on a browser of a client. 
     The advertisement creation module  46  includes text creation logic  50 . The purpose of text creation logic  50  is to allow an advertiser  16 , or an agent working on behalf of an advertiser  16 , to input text for an advertisement which is ultimately created by the advertisement creation module  46 . In order to enhance understanding of the present invention, for the remainder of this description, a local business enterprise called “Burt&#39;s Plumbing” will be used as an example of an advertiser that may benefit from the techniques disclosed herein. Burt&#39;s Plumbing may or not have direct connectivity to the network  14 . If Burt&#39;s Plumbing does not have direct connectivity to the network  14 , then a representative of Burt&#39;s Plumbing (hereinafter “Burt”) will have to gain access to a computer that does have connectivity to the network  14  in order to view the web page  112  of  FIG. 8A . For example, Burt could use a computer of a friend, a computer at a local library, etc. In another embodiment, a search operator, an Internet yellow page provider or other type of publisher could perform or administer this activity on behalf of Burt. The text creation logic  50  allows Burt to input for e.g. the text “Burt&#39;s Plumbing in San Francisco. Check out our special deals,” which will be included in the advertisement when it is rendered. The module  46  also includes key word association logic  57  that allows Burt to input certain key words which are then associated with Burt&#39;s advertisement. The idea here is that when one of the clients  10  initiates a search through the search engine  19  using a key word that matches one of the key words entered by Burt, then Burt&#39;s advertisement will be displayed within a result of the search. Since Burt&#39;s Plumbing is not a national operation or enterprise it is necessary to display Burt&#39;s advertisement to clients within a certain geographic area. Thus, the module  46  includes location determination logic  54  that builds a geographic location association to Burt&#39;s advertisement. In one embodiment, the location determination logic  54  allows Burt to select a particular geographic location of interest, say for example San Francisco, so that Burt&#39;s advertisement will only be displayed to clients within the San Francisco area. 
     The module  46  also includes telephone number auto generation logic  56  that automatically generates a unique telephone number, maps the unique telephone number to Burt&#39;s actual telephone number such that when the unique number is called, Bert&#39;s phone rings, and associates the unique phone number with Burt&#39;s advertisement. In one embodiment, the telephone number that is automatically generated, may be a toll free number. In one embodiment, the telephone number may be a local number with the same area code as Burt&#39;s actual telephone number. In one embodiment, the telephone number may be an easily recognizable  800  number, modified by a unique extension mapped to Burt&#39;s business telephone number. For example, in one embodiment, a number could be the number “1-800-YEL-PAGES-1234.” The 1234 portion of the 800 number is the unique extension that is mapped to Burt&#39;s telephone number so that when a searcher calls the number 1-800-YEL-PAGES-1234, the call will be automatically routed to Burt&#39;s telephone as will be described in more detail below. 
     In one embodiment, the advertisement creation module  46 , automatically inserts the unique telephone number assigned to Burt directly into Burt&#39;s advertisement. Alternatively, click to call logic  58  may be invoked in order to generate a button, or a clickable telephone number, which is automatically inserted into Burt&#39;s advertisement, so that when the button or telephone number is selected or clicked by a user operating a client  10 , a telephone call is automatically initiated to Burt&#39;s telephone number. 
     The module  46  also includes on/off logic  60  that allows Burt to selectively turn on or turn off an advertisement. Alternatively, the turn on/off logic  60  allows Burt to assign an active or an inactive status to a particular advertisement. When an advertisement is turned off or flagged as inactive, it is considered withdrawn, at least temporarily, from an advertisement campaign, and is therefore not made published e.g. through the search engine  19 . Alternatively, only advertisements that are turned on, or have a status of “active” are published in accordance with the techniques disclosed herein. 
     The module  46  includes smart connect logic  62  that allows automatic routing of calls to various telephone numbers. For example, Burt may include a primary telephone number, and one or more secondary telephone numbers to be associated with his advertisement. Thus, in one embodiment, the smart connect logic  62  first routes the call to Burt&#39;s primary telephone number, and if no connection is achieved, then cyclically through Burt&#39;s list of secondary telephone numbers, until a connection is achieved. 
     The module  46  also includes arrange a call logic  64  that allows a searcher to input a time at which the searcher wishes to speak to Burt. The system then contacts Burt in order to arrange the call with the searcher. Burt may be contacted in a variety of ways, for example by sending a facsimile to Burt, by sending an email to Burt, by telephoning Burt, etc. to alert him of the arranged telephone call. In alternative embodiments, additional, less, or different logic may be included in the advertisement creation module without departing from the invention. 
     The payment specification module  48 , allows Burt to select a particular model and various parameters associated with billing. The module  48  includes flat fee logic  66  that presents an option to Burt through the user interface module  44 , which if selected will cause Burt to be billed on a flat fee basis for each telephone call received within a particular category, or subcategory. The module  48  also includes bid for placement logic  68 , that, through the user interface module  44 , presents an option to Burt to choose to be billed on a bid-for-placement basis, as described above. The logic  68  supports proxy bids, and maximum/minimum bids. 
     The module  48  also includes spending level logic  70  that allows Burt to specify daily/weekly/monthly spending levels. The specified spending level essentially defines a budget per time period such that if the budget is exceeded within a particular time period, then Burt&#39;s advertisement will be automatically flagged as inactive or turned off, for the remainder of the time period. Burt is notified of this activity by the system and Burt is given the option of reactivating his advertisement by adding additional funds to his account. 
     In one embodiment, the billing module  40  includes logic to automatically waive charges for leads (calls) from searchers/customers who have called Burt recently. For example, if a customer calls on one day, and then dials the same number for a follow-up call a day later, the system automatically waives the charge for the second call since this lead has already been paid for. Thus, the advertiser (Burt) does not have to be concerned about a customer using the advertised telephone number more than once and causing multiple charges. In one embodiment, the system of the present invention may be configured to waive the charges on leads from customers who have already called a particular advertiser within a specified number of days. In alternative embodiments, additional, less, or different logic may be included in the without departing from the invention. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 6  of the drawings, the components of the advertisement publication module  36 , are shown in greater detail. As will be seen, the module  36  includes an advertisement rendering engine  74 , and an advertisement syndication engine  76 . The purpose of the advertisement rendering engine  74  is to automatically render Burt&#39;s advertisement on a particular channel. In some embodiments, the advertisement rendering engine  74  causes a campaign management interface  113  (see  FIG. 8B  of the drawings) to be displayed to an advertiser. The interface  113  allows the advertiser to choose a channel, e.g., SBC, QwestDex, Ingenio, and a category in which the advertisement is to be provisioned/published. The interface  113  allows the advertiser to specify the maximum bid amount that the advertiser is willing to pay to provision the advertisement using the selected channel and category.  FIG. 9  of the drawings shows an example of a web page  112  within which includes an advertisement rendered/provisioned in accordance with the techniques described herein. In one embodiment, this publication channel may be a web-based publication channel which is operated by an operator of the system of the present invention. 
     Alternatively, the syndication engine  76  may be used to syndicate Burt&#39;s advertisement to a number of third parties that host publication channels selected by Burt. Thus, in one embodiment, the syndication engine  76  may cause Burt&#39;s advertisement to be syndicated to third party search engines, Internet yellow pages, online directories, and other media. 
     As will be seen in  FIG. 6  of the drawings, the advertisement rendering engine  74  includes price per call logic  78 , activity history logic  80 , call status logic  82 , connection success logic  84 , manual indexing logic  86 , and random logic  88 . Each of the logic components  78 - 88  controls a parameter that forms a basis of how Burt&#39;s advertisement is ultimately rendered. The price per call logic  78  causes Burt&#39;s advertisement to be published on a price per call basis. Thus, for example, if Burt is willing only to pay a low amount for each call, then his advertisement will be placed or ranked low down within a search result page or category of advertisers. Alternatively, if Burt is willing to pay a high price per call, then his advertisement will be placed higher up in the search result page or category of advertisers. The table below shows how the price per call logic  78  would rank or place advertisers within a channel based on a bid amount per call that an advertiser is willing to pay: 
                                     Placement   Advertiser   (Bid Amount per call)                  1   800-349-2398   ($3.88)       2   866-324-3242   ($3.22)       3   800-323-5321   ($2.01)                    
The activity history logic  80  analyzes the number of calls Burt received in a give time period, for example, the last day/week/month, and will rank Burt&#39;s advertisement within a display page based on the activity history. The call status logic  82 , examines the status (active or inactive) of Burt&#39;s advertisement, and selectively publishes Burt&#39;s advertisement based on the status. The connection success logic  84  measures a connection success rate for calls to the telephone number assigned to Burt&#39;s advertisement and ranks Burt&#39;s advertisement within a display page based on the connection success rate. For example, if Burt&#39;s telephone number enjoys a low connection success rate then the logic  84  will cause Burt&#39;s advertisement to be ranked lowly within a publication page. The manual indexing logic  86  allows an operator to manually index or rank Burt&#39;s advertisement within a publication page. The random logic  88  allows Burt&#39;s advertisement to be randomly ranked or placed within a result page. In one embodiment, the ranking of Burt&#39;s advertisement within a display page may be based on any combination of the parameters controlled by the logic components  78 - 88 , which may be dictated by a third party who employs the system. In alternative embodiments, additional, less, or different logic may be included in the advertisement rendering engine  74  without departing from the invention.
 
     Referring now to  FIG. 7  of the drawings, the components within the call handling module  38  include a call routing engine  92 , and a call monitoring engine  94 . As will be seen, the call routing engine  92  includes redirect logic  96  to cause redirection of a telephone call to the number assigned to Burt&#39;s advertisement. The redirection is to a telephone number specified by Burt during creation of the advertisement using the advertisement creation module  46 . The call routing engine  92  also includes VoIP logic  98  to route a telephone call to or from a client to a telephone number specified by Burt in the advertisement using VoIP technology. 
     The call routing engine  92  may also include prompt logic  99  that causes a prompt to be played to a caller before routing of a telephone call to Burt&#39;s telephone number. In one embodiment, the prompt logic  99  plays an information prompt to the caller to inform the caller of Burt&#39;s actual telephone number. Thus, the caller may, in future, call Burt directly using Burt&#39;s actual telephone number instead of the telephone number assigned to Burt by the system. In such cases, Burt will not be billed by the system for telephone calls to his actual telephone number. In one embodiment, the prompt logic  99  may also cause an information prompt to be played to Burt to inform Burt of the source of the telephone call. In some cases, the prompt logic  99  may cause an email or facsimile alert to be automatically generated and sent to an advertiser, in order to inform the advertiser of the telephone number of the caller. An example of such an email is shown in  FIG. 10  of the drawings and is marked as reference numeral  116 . In alternative embodiments, additional, less, or different logic may be included in the call routing engine  92  without departing from the invention. 
     The call monitoring engine  94  includes call number logic  100  to track the number of calls generated in response to Burt&#39;s advertisement. The call monitoring engine  94  also includes Automatic Number Identification (ANI) logic  102  to identify the number of unique numbers of callers that call Burt, automatically. The call monitoring engine also includes call length logic  104  that monitors the length of each call to Burt. Connection status logic  108  monitors whether a call is successful, whether an engaged or busy tone is encountered, or whether Burt simply did not answer his telephone. Based on information supplied by logic components  100 - 106 , a report is compiled and may be viewed by Burt. In one embodiment, the report includes a number of calls, the number of calls from unique telephone numbers, the telephone numbers of the callers, the length of each call, and the number of calls that were successful, for which an engaged tone was returned, or that went unanswered. The report may be used by Burt in order to monitor the effectiveness of an advertisement campaign, and to optimize the campaign. In alternative embodiments, additional, less, or different logic may be included in the call monitoring engine  94  without departing from the invention. 
     In one embodiment, the advertising publication module may publish the advertisement on a telephone-based advertising service. For example, the advertisement can be delivered to a consumer through audio as part of a voice portal or telephone-based directory such as a 411 telephone directory. 
     Referring to  FIG. 11  of the drawings, reference numeral  150  generally indicates hardware that may be used to implement the above-described system. The hardware  150  typically includes at least one processor  152  coupled to a memory  154 . The processor  152  may represent one or more processors (e.g., microprocessors), and the memory  154  may represent random access memory (RAM) devices comprising a main storage of the hardware  150 , as well as any supplemental levels of memory e.g., cache memories, non-volatile or back-up memories (e.g. programmable or flash memories), read-only memories, etc. In addition, the memory  154  may be considered to include memory storage physically located elsewhere in the hardware  150 , e.g. any cache memory in the processor  152 , as well as any storage capacity used as a virtual memory, e.g., as stored on a mass storage device  160 . 
     The hardware  150  also typically receives a number of inputs and outputs for communicating information externally. For interface with a user or operator, the hardware  150  may include one or more user input devices  156  (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, etc.) and a display  158  (e.g., a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) monitor, a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) panel). 
     For additional storage, the hardware  150  may also include one or more mass storage devices  160 , e.g., a floppy or other removable disk drive, a hard disk drive, a Direct Access Storage Device (DASD), an optical drive (e.g. a Compact Disk (CD) drive, a Digital Versatile Disk (DVD) drive, etc.) and/or a tape drive, among others. Furthermore, the hardware  150  may include an interface with one or more networks  162  (e.g., a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless network, and/or the Internet among others) to permit the communication of information with other computers coupled to the networks. It should be appreciated that the hardware  150  typically includes suitable analog and/or digital interfaces between the processor  152  and each of the components  154 ,  156 ,  158  and  162  as is well known in the art. 
     The hardware  150  operates under the control of an operating system  164 , and executes various computer software applications  166 , components, programs, objects, modules, etc. (e.g. a program or module which performs operations described above. Moreover, various applications, components, programs, objects, etc. may also execute on one or more processors in another computer coupled to the hardware  150  via a network  152 , e.g. in a distributed computing environment, whereby the processing required to implement the functions of a computer program may be allocated to multiple computers over a network. 
     As discussed above, the syndicate engine  76  is used to syndicate Burt&#39;s advertisement to a number of third parties. Additional examples of third parties include companies such as Yahoo®, MSN®, AOL®, and other similar demand partners. Often times, these demand partners (also referred to herein as syndication partners) receive a percentage of the advertising revenue generated via the pay-per-call method and system described, herein. Thus, as in the example of the table above, the advertiser of placement 1 pays $3.88 per call received to phone number 800-349-2398. Now suppose the call to the advertiser of placement 1, resulted from an advertisement presented on a demand partner&#39;s website. The demand partner would be entitled to a percentage of that $3.88. The present method and system offers multiple embodiments for tracking, monitoring, and determining demand partner compensation. 
     In one embodiment, described in the flow diagram of  FIG. 12 , in process  1202  an advertiser (also referred to herein as a merchant or listing) is given a separate telephone number for each separate demand partner that is posting the merchant&#39;s advertisement using. As described herein, in multiple embodiments, telephonic references, including telephone numbers and telephone extensions corresponding to a base telephone number, are assigned using the telephone number auto generation logic  56 . 
     In one embodiment, the alias phone number is mapped to the advertiser&#39;s actual phone number, and calls made to the alias are monitored in order to track the respective demand partners. Therefore, in process  1204  billing module  40  tracks and/or credits demand partners a percentage of the revenue charged to the advertiser (or collected from the advertiser) for calls placed to the advertiser&#39;s alias telephone number corresponding to the respective demand partner. 
     In another embodiment, described in the flow diagram of  FIG. 13 , in process  1302  an advertiser receives a single/base (the same) telephone number for a set of the demand partners. In process  1304 , a separate extension is assigned to the advertiser for each of the separate demand partners. More specifically, the separate demand partners list the same telephone number for the advertiser, but also include an extension unique to the respective demand partner. For example, a listing could have the number “(800) new-cars” for the set of demand partners, but each demand partner posting the common telephone number for the advertiser would also provide a separate extension corresponding to the respective demand partner (e.g., ext. 102 corresponding to the XYZ syndication partner, ext. 104 corresponding to the ABC syndication partner, etc.) In process  1306 , billing module  40  tracks and/or credits a demand partner a percentage of the revenue charged to the advertiser (or collected from the advertiser), for calls placed to the advertiser via the telephone extension corresponding to the respective demand partner. 
     In an alternative embodiment, described in the flow diagram of  FIG. 14 , in process  1402  a demand partner uses a base telephone (i.e., a single) number for a set of advertisers. In process  1404 , the demand partner provides a separate extension to each of the advertisers using the same base number. For example, the demand partner could use the telephone number (800) Call XYZ for a set of advertisers, and provide the extension 102 for Joe&#39;s plumbing, and extension 104 for Carl&#39;s plumbing, etc. In process  1406 , billing module  40  tracks and/or credits a demand partner a percentage of the revenue charged to the advertiser (or collected from the advertiser), for calls placed to the advertiser via the base telephone number corresponding to the respective demand partner and the unique telephone extension assigned to the advertiser at the respective demand partner. 
     According to another embodiment, a click-to-reveal method is proposed, as described in co-pending U.S. Patent Application No. 60/552,124, entitled “A Method and Apparatus to Provide Pay-Per-Call Performance Based Advertising and Billing” filed on Mar. 10, 2004, herein incorporated by reference. As described in the flow diagram of  FIG. 15 , in process  1502  a user is presented with an advertisement via a demand partner&#39;s website. The advertisement does not show the advertiser&#39;s complete phone number, but instead contains a hyperlink to reveal the advertiser&#39;s phone number, or the remaining portion of the telephone number. In process  1504 , the Advertisement rendering engine  74  monitors the number of click-throughs to reveal the advertiser&#39;s number. In one embodiment, it is assumed that each click-through from a demand partner results in a call to the respective advertiser. As a result, in process  1506  billing module  40  tracks and/or calculates an amount to credit a demand partner based at least in part on a number of click-throughs to reveal an advertiser&#39;s telephone number. 
     In yet another alternative embodiment, a demand partner is provided with a click to call format. In one embodiment, as described in the flow diagram of  FIG. 16 , in process  1602  in addition to listing a telephone number for an advertiser (or in place of listing a telephone number for the advertiser) a link is provided by the demand partner to initiate establishing a telephone connection between the viewer/customer and the advertiser in response to the viewer/customer activating/selecting the hyperlink provided. In one embodiment, in process  1604 , in response to activating/selecting the hyperlink provided, the viewer/customer is prompted for their telephone number to establish the telephone connection with the advertiser. After the customer enters their telephone number, a telephone connection is established between the customer and the advertiser. 
     In yet another embodiment, if the viewer/customer has a VoIP communications device, VoIP logic  98  may connect the advertiser to the viewer/customer without the need for the customer/viewer to provide their telephone number. The VoIP communications device includes telephony devices attached to the user&#39;s computer, as well as mobile communication devices, such as PDA&#39;s and cellular phones. 
     In the embodiment employing a click to call (for PSTN and VoIP connections), in process  1604 , a demand partner providing the click to call option would be tracked/credited (i.e., a percentage of the charge to the advertiser) each time a viewer/customer selects/activates a click to call icon for the respective advertiser. 
     In another embodiment, described in the flow diagram of  FIG. 17 , in process  1702  an advertiser is given one telephone number for a set of demand partners. In process  1704 , credits to the demand partners for calls placed to the advertiser&#39;s listed telephone number are prorated based on a number of page views for the advertiser&#39;s telephone number listing via the respective demand partners. For example, if 70% of the advertiser&#39;s page views are accessed via demand partner ABC, and 30% of the advertiser&#39;s page views are accessed via demand partner XYZ, the ABC demand partner would receive 70% and the demand partner XYZ would receive 30% of the credits payable to the demand partners for calls placed to the advertiser&#39;s listed telephone number. 
     In another embodiment, described in the flow diagram of  FIG. 18 , in process  1802  at least a first set of advertisers are given unique telephonic reference for each demand partner. One or more advertisers are each given one telephonic reference for a set demand partners. 
     In process  1804 , a statistical sampling of calls to advertisers with the unique telephonic reference is generated. In one embodiment, the statistical sampling represents a sampling of a percentage of calls to an advertiser (or set of advertisers) that originate from an advertisement listed by a first demand partner compared to calls that originate from the same (or similar) advertisement listed by other demand partners. In one embodiment, the samplings may be separated based on a category of advertisers (e.g., restaurants, automobiles, etc.). 
     In process  1806 , the samplings are used as a basis for tracking/crediting the demand partners with a percentage of the charges to at least a set of the advertisers. Consider the example advertisers 1 and 2 are given each give unique telephone, and 70% of the calls to advertisers 1 and 2 are from telephonic references listed by partner ABC. Given the example, an assumption is made that 70% of the calls to the advertisers using a common number among the demand partners, are originated from advertisements listed by partner ABC. 
     Therefore, in one embodiment, based on the statistical sampling, partner ABC would be credited for 70% of the calls placed to the advertisers using a common number among the demand partners. In one embodiment, tracking/crediting the demand partners based on the statistical sampling could also be applied to the advertisers using unique numbers among the demand partners. 
     As described above, telephone-call tracking is used to determine the number of phone calls a particular party, or directory, has received. It can be useful for a variety of purposes. It is particularly useful in measuring the success of advertising. For instance, a telephone directory may offer advertising placements to its advertisers, such as plumbers. By tracking the number of phone calls a particular advertisement has received, the directory can demonstrate the value of its advertising to the advertiser. 
     Telephone-call tracking can be used to measure the effectiveness of a variety of advertising vehicles in addition to the physical yellow-pages phone book. Newspaper classifieds can utilize call tracking, as can television commercials that display phone numbers for consumers to call. By counting the number of telephone calls such advertisements receive, the campaign&#39;s effectiveness can be measured. This is of benefit both to the advertiser and to the directory. 
     Telephone-call tracking can be also used as such in directories that are online, such as an online yellow pages. Similarly, it can be used to track the success of online search advertising, such as keyword advertising. 
     Telephone-call tracking is particularly useful in pay-for-performance advertising systems, as described in several embodiments above. In pay-for-performance systems, advertisers pay when an advertisement performs. For instance, an advertiser can pay $1 each time a potential customer clicks on an online-search advertisement. Similarly, in pay-per-call advertising systems, such as that covered in Application Number X (application Ser. No. 10/872,117), an advertiser&#39;s payments are linked to the number of calls that advertiser receives. In such a pay per call advertising system, call tracking is vital, since counting the number of calls received determines the amount that the advertiser must pay. In one embodiment, not only are the number of calls received counted but also the time of the call, since in one embodiment an advertiser may bid to pay a higher price per call in order to receive a more prominent placement for their advertisement. 
     Not only is it important to track the number of calls and precise time of calls, but the demand source at which the caller viewed the advertisement may also be tracked. Online directories can have many different external web sites through which they syndicate the same advertisers, and it is important to know from which web site the phone call originated so that, in some cases, the directory can compensate the external web site for having brought customer. Application Number Y (Application No. 60/560,926) outlines this case. 
     Tracking phone calls may include publishing a unique phone number that is different from the advertiser&#39;s standard phone number. When a caller views the advertisement, the unique phone number appears, and the caller dials it. The call coming in on the unique phone number is then rerouted, using the call tracker&#39;s telephony equipment, to the advertiser&#39;s standard phone number. In addition to rerouting the call, the call tracker also records that a call was made and the precise time of the call. In a pay-per-call advertising system, this information can be used to bill the advertiser for the call. 
     In cases where directories would also like to identify the demand source of the call, a single advertiser will have to be given multiple unique phone numbers, one for each demand source where that advertiser appears. For instance, the advertisement of a single plumber might be displayed in two different online directories and three different online search engines. In order to track which of these demand sources produced a call from a customer, the single plumber would have to be assigned five different unique telephone numbers. By monitoring which unique phone number was dialed, it can be determined which demand source deserves the credit for producing the call. 
       FIG. 19  shows a diagram of a system to make and track phone connections according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
     In  FIG. 19 , a database ( 1921 ) may contain the phone numbers of target phone A ( 1931 ), target phone B ( 1933 ), . . . , target phone X ( 1939 ), etc. Typically, the target phones belong to the institutions, businesses, individuals, etc, which seek for publicity through various media channels, such as media channel A ( 1901 ) (e.g., web server), media channel B ( 1902 ) (e.g., WAP server), media channel C ( 1903 ) (e.g., short messaging service center), media channel D ( 1904 ) (e.g., custom server), media channel E ( 1907 ) (e.g., cable television), media channel E ( 1908 ) (e.g., news press), media channel G ( 1909 ) (e.g., radio station), etc. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, the phone numbers of the target phones are not directly publicized over the media channels. Instead, encoded target phone numbers ( 1923 ) are used. Using the encoded target phone numbers ( 1923 ), a user cannot reach target phones directly. The encoded target phone numbers ( 1923 ) allow the association of additional information with the target phone numbers, such as the media channels used, special promotions, etc. 
     The encoded target phone numbers are delivered with content information (e.g., web page, WAP page, short message, television programs, news articles, etc.) to user devices, such as user device A ( 1911 ) (e.g., cellular phone), user device B ( 1912 ) (e.g., personal digital assistant (PDA)), user device C ( 1913 ) (e.g., computer), user device D ( 1916 ) (e.g., receiver), user device E ( 1918 ) (e.g., newspaper). 
     In one embodiment, the user devices are mobile devices, such as PDA, cellular phone, etc. The user devices obtain content information, including advertisements, through wireless communication connections, such as cellular communication links, wireless access points for wireless local area network, etc. 
     In one embodiment, a user device (e.g., a cellular phone, a computer, a PDA) can receive content information from multiple types of media channels (e.g., a web server, a WAP server, a SMSC, etc.). 
     In one embodiment, a user device is capable to dial a phone call (e.g., automatically according to the encoded phone number embedded in the content information when a user selects the number). Alternatively, a user may manually dial a phone call using a separate phone, such as user phone S ( 1917 ) or user phone T ( 1919 ). 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, dialing at least a portion of an encoded target phone number connects the phone call to a phone decoder and router ( 1925 ) first. According to the encoded target phone number dialed, the phone decoder and router ( 1925 ) determines the corresponding target phone number using the database ( 1921 ) and connects the phone call to the corresponding target phone (e.g., one of target phones  1931 - 1939 ) through the telephone network ( 1927 ). 
     Note the telephone network ( 1927 ) may be circuit switched, package switched, or partially circuit switched and partially package switched. For example, the telephone network may partially use the Internet to carry the phone call (e.g., through VoIP). For example, the connection between the user phone/device and the phone decoder and router ( 1925 ) may be carried using VoIP; and the connection between the phone decoder and router ( 1925 ) may be carried using a land-line based, circuit switched telephone network. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, the information associated with the encoded target phone number, such as the media channel used to provide the encoded target phone number to the users, is also decoded/retrieved using the database ( 1921 ). Thus, the information associated with the encoded target phone number can be tracked/stored. 
     In one embodiment, the phone decoder and router ( 1925 ) also determines the phone number of the user through Automatic Number Identification (ANI). ANI is a phone system feature that provides the billing number of the person making the phone call. 
     The information about the caller, target phone number, the media channel used for delivering the contact information to the user can be used to bill the caller and/or the target phone number, and provide credit/compensation for the corresponding media channel. 
     For example, the advertisements for target phone numbers can be paid for on a pay per call basis. Monitoring and tracking the calls can be used for billing the advertisers. Alternatively, the users may be seeking the contact information on a pay per call basis. Monitoring and tracking the calls can be used for billing the users. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, the additional information associated with the encoded target phone number is used to provide credit/compensation to the operators of the corresponding media channels that are responsible for leading the users to the phone calls to the target phones. The system can further track the time and duration of the phone calls and other information, such as conditional promotions, electronic coupons, etc. 
     The information about the media channels that are responsible for leading the users to the phone calls to the target phones can also be useful for the advertisers. The advertisers may wish to know which media channel is more effective in reaching users. For example, using the statistic information about the media channels which successfully bring in phone calls, the advertisers may fine tune advertisement strategies. Further, different media channels may charge differently for the advertisements; and the advertisers may bid differently on different media channels for their advertisements. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, an encoded target phone number has the same number of digits as a standard phone number (e.g., a typical telephone number assigned by a telephone company). Thus, dialing the encoded target phone number is as easy as dialing the target phone number; and dialing the target phone number reaches the phone decoder and router ( 1925 ). In such an arrangement, a large number of encoded phone numbers are generally required to differentiate the different target phones and different media channels. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, an encoded target phone number has more digits than a standard phone number. A first portion of the encoded target phone number has the same number of digits as a standard phone number to reach the phone decoder and router ( 1925 ) through the telephone network ( 1927 ); and a second portion of the encoded target phone number is to be decoded by the phone decoder and router ( 1925 ). For example, the Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) decoder can be installed in the phone decoder and router ( 1925 ) to detect the second portion of the encoded target phone number dialed at the user phone. The detected phone number can then be used to recover the target phone number. 
     When an encoded target phone number has more digits than a standard phone number, the additional digits can be implemented as a telephone extension, or as an IVR system. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, a single telephone number is used to reach the phone decoder and router ( 1925 ) for different target phone numbers; and the portion of the encoded target phone number that is used to reach the phone decoder and router ( 1925 ) is not used in determining the information associated with the encoded target phone number. 
     Alternatively, multiple telephone numbers can be used to reach the phone decoder and router ( 1925 ); and the entire encoded target phone number can be used to determine the information associated with the encoded target phone number. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, the encoded target phone numbers can have different numbers of digits. The advertisers may be arranged to bid for shorter encoded target phone numbers. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, the encoded target phone numbers are assigned only when needed for use in a media channel. 
     In one embodiment, a look-up table approach is used to encode the information. For example, the database ( 1921 ) keeps track of the information about the media channel and the target phone number (and other information, if any) for the encoded target phone number so that the encoded target phone number can be used as a key to retrieve the corresponding information. Thus, it is not necessary to have a predetermined structure to encode the information about the media channels and the target phone number. 
     Alternatively, algorithms can be used to generate and encode target phone number and associated information. For example, a predetermined algorithm may be used to encode different information in the target phone number. For example, the target phone number may include a number of field separated by “*” or “#”. Each of the field can be decoded separately (e.g., from a separate look up table or a mapping algorithm) to determine the target phone number, identity of the media channel, etc. 
     For example, a set of parameters can be mapped from a string of characters to a string of numerical digits as a part of the encoded target phone number; and the string of numbers can be mapped back into the string of characters at the phone decoder and router ( 1925 ). When such a mapping scheme is used, a look up table is not necessary. For example, an encoded target phone number may include a first portion that is the phone number of the phone decoder and router ( 1925 ), a second portion that is the target phone number appended with a number mapped from an identifier of the media channel. To prevent the user from dialing the target phone number directly, an encryption/scrambling scheme can be used to encode the second portion, which is decoded at the phone decoder and router ( 1925 ). 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, the phone decoder and router ( 1925 ) determines the target phone number from the encoded target phone number dialed by the user and then dials the target phone number for the user and joins the phone calls so that the user can talk to the target phone. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, users dial the encoded target phone numbers manually. A user can dial the encoded target phone number regardless the user device used and the media channel used. 
     Alternatively, in one embodiment, user devices can automatically dial the encoded target phone numbers. For example, a cellular phone, a computer or a PDA can dial a phone number using a Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) generator. In one embodiment of the present invention, the encoded target phone numbers are presented in the content information in a format such that when the user selects the phone number the user device (e.g., a cellular phone or a computer) dials the encoded target phone number for the user. The user selection may be in the form of an keyboard/keypad input, a touch pad input, a track ball input, a mouse input, a voice command, etc. 
     In one embodiment, the user device initiates the phone call through a VoIP system when the user selects the encoded target phone number. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, the user device dials the phone number for the user without the user manually pressing the sequence of the encoded target phone numbers. This greatly simplifies the process of make the phone call. Since a user device can dial a long sequence of number easily, a large number of digits can be used to encode the information without presenting any difficulties for the users. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, the encoded target phone numbers are formatted so that the user device dials a first portion of the encoded target phone numbers to access the phone decoder and router ( 1925 ), pauses for a short period of time for the phone decoder and router ( 1925 ) to prepare for receiving the second portion of the encoded target phone numbers, and then dials the second portion of the encoded target phone numbers. Thus, the user device provides a user-friendly way of dialing the encoded target phone numbers; and, making the phone call can be as easy as making a “click” to access a web page. 
     In  FIG. 19 , the user device initiates the phone call. Alternatively, a phone router may be used to initiate phone calls both to the user device (or a separate user phone) and the target phone and then join the phone calls to connect the user to the target phone. For example, when the user selects the encoded target phone number, the selection of the target phone number is transmitted to the phone router with the user phone number. 
     The user phone number can be automatically determined through ANI, or through a user preference setting, or through an entry submitted with the selection of the encoded target phone number. 
     In one embodiment, the selection of the encoded target phone number is transmitted to the corresponding media channel, which forwards the request for making the phone call to a server (e.g., a web server) connected to the phone router. Alternatively, the content information can be formatted so that the selection is sent directly to the server that is connected to the phone router. 
     When the router starts the phone calls, the encoded target phone number can also include alphabetic characters (and/or other characters). The server and/or the phone router can decode the encoded target phone number to recover/retrieve the target phone number and other associated information, such as the identity of the media channel that is creditable for providing the encoded target phone number to user. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, an advertisement is presented to end users around the globe without geographical area limitations. For example, an advertiser may provide services and/or products to customers around the globe. The advertisement may be delivered to the worldwide users of the Internet. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, the intended audience of an advertisement is the population in a particular geographical area or people interested in a particular geographical area. For example, an advertiser may limit its service area within a geographical area, where the advertiser can provide services and/or products to the customers more effectively. For example, a business may better serve the customers within a convenient walking/driving distance to the site of the business. A business may limit the service area within a city, a county, a state, a country, or other types of regional areas. Further, a large business entity having offices around the world may want to attract customers in different geographical regions to different offices for better services. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, a target geographic area is specified for publicizing a phone number which can be used to reach an advertiser. The target geographic area information can be used to effectively reach potential customers and connect the customers to the corresponding phones of the advertisers. 
     For example, in one embodiment, the advertiser can specify a geographic service area corresponding to a phone number. The service area may be specified in terms of radius, city, region, state or national boundary, etc. The service area can be used to limit the delivery of the advertisement to customers seeking information in the corresponding geographic area. The service area can be used to stream information into a mobile device when the mobile device enters the service area, with or without explicit request from the user of the mobile device. The service area information can also be used to route the phone to a corresponding one of the offices of the advertiser, based on the location of the caller, if the advertiser has more than one office. Further details are provided below. 
     Geographic Area Selection Examples 
       FIG. 20  shows an example user interface for the selection of a geographic area for an advertisers according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
     In  FIG. 20 , a user interface ( 2001 ) is presented to collect information for specifying the content of an advertisement. In one embodiment, the user interface ( 2001 ) is in the form of a web page rendered in a web browser of a user device, such as a computer, a notebook, a PDA, a web terminal, etc. The web page is to be downloaded from a server that is connected to the database for the advertisements (e.g., database  1921  in  FIG. 19 ). Alternatively, the user interface ( 2001 ) can be based on a WAP application on a wireless mobile device, such as a cellular phone. Further, similar entry fields can be provided through the use of other communication channels, such as Email, Instant messages, SMS messages, etc. Further, an advertiser may fax a form, or make a telephone call, to provide the information to a human concierge, which uses such a user interface to enter the data into the database (e.g., using a custom application). 
     In  FIG. 20 , a section ( 2003 ) of the user interface contains entry fields for specifying the information an advertiser want to appear on the advertisement. The business name field ( 2011 ) is to receive the name of the advertiser, which can be used to identify the advertiser in the database and in the advertisement. 
     The address, city, state, country and zip fields ( 2013 ,  2015  and  2017 ) are to receive the location information about the advertiser. The location is typically a site where a potential customer may visit to obtain services and/or products. 
     The phone field ( 2019 ) is to receive the telephone number at which the advertiser is to receive phone calls from potential customers. In one embodiment of the present invention, the phone number of the advertiser in the phone field ( 2019 ) is not shown directly to the end users. An encoded phone number is used in the advertisement, as illustrated in  FIG. 21 , so that when the encoded phone number is called the phone number of the advertiser is determined and connected to. This allows the tracking of phone calls generated from various advertisements for different advertisers and/or generated through different advertisement delivery channels. 
     The web site URL field ( 2021 ) is to optionally receive a home web page address of the advertiser. In one embodiment, the advertisement is generated to contain a link to the web page as specified in the web site URL field ( 2021 ) so that if the end user wants further details about the advertiser, the end user may click the link to visit the web page of the advertiser. In one embodiment, the advertiser is not charged for the link directing the web user to the web page of the advertiser. Alternatively, the advertiser may be charged for the link that is clicked to lead the web user to the web page of the advertiser. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, the advertisement is not to include a link to the web site URL ( 2021 ). The web site URL ( 2021 ) is used to obtain further information about the business of the advertiser so that the advertisement can be placed in relevant media channels. 
     For example, the web pages at the web site according to the web site URL can be fetched and analyzed automatically to determine topics, categories, keywords, content, etc., so that the placement of the advertisement can be based at least partially on the topics, categories, keywords, content, etc. to increase the chances of the advertisement being of interest to the targeted users. 
     The tag line field ( 2023 ) and the description field ( 2025 ) are to receive one or more concise statements about the business offering, the unique ways of meeting customers&#39; needs, how the business stand out from the competition, etc. In one embodiment, the information in the description field is presented in a text form. In one embodiment, the text in the description field can be enhanced with boldface and italic type, as well as formatting, using a Rich Text Editor, as supported by Internet Explorer for Windows or Mozilla Browsers (e.g., Firefox, Netscape, etc.). 
     In one embodiment, further optional information, such as a logo, an electronic coupon, etc. (not shown in  FIG. 20 ), can be specified for the advertisement. In one embodiment, to provide an electronic coupon, one can simply specify a coupon headline, description and expiration date (if any). The coupon information is then store in the database and presented with the advertisement. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, the section ( 2005 ) of the user interface contains entry fields for specifying the geographic area in which the business provides services or products. In one embodiment of the present invention, the service center area or location can be specified through the selecting a center from various options ( 2027 ) of different scales. For example, the center may be at the address as specified in the section ( 2003 ) (e.g., address  2013  in city, state, and country  2015 ), if the “my address” option is selected. Alternatively, the center may be an area of a particular zip code, a city, a state or a country. In one embodiment, if no further detail is specified in the entry boxes ( 2041 - 2047 ) for the centers, the corresponding information as specified in the section ( 2003 ) for the business address is used. For example, if the center is at an area of a zip code, the default zip code area is according to the zip code specified in the zip code field ( 2017 ), unless a different value is specified in the next entry field ( 2041 ). 
     Alternatively, other types of center areas can also be specified. For example, the center area can be specified as an area of particular telephone area code, or an area of particular telephone area code and exchange, or a school district, a county, a metropolitan area, a region, a custom defined area, etc. 
     For example, in one embodiment, when the “other” option ( 2047 ) is selected, a user interface (not shown in  FIG. 20 ) is provided to allow one to define a different street address as the center, or define a custom area on a map (e.g., a telephone area code map, a zip code map, a street map, a commercial district map, a state map, a national map, a world map, etc.) In general, the targeted geographic area as specified in the section ( 2005 ) can be the same or very different from the physical location of the business. For example, a Louisiana-based travel company can define Hawaii as a targeted area in order to sell Hawaii vacation packages. Further, for example, the travel company may select the union of several states, which may be separate from each other on the map, as the target area. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, the server area can also be defined as the center area with a surrounding area up to a distant way from the center area. For example, a service radius ( 2029 ) can be used to specify the surrounding area with respect to the service center. In one embodiment, the service radius extends the surrounding area from the boundary of the center area; alternatively, the service radius may represent the area from the geometric center of the service center. Different scales of units, such as mile, feet, yard, etc., can be selected for the radius value. 
     Alternatively, the radius may be specified in terms of average travel time, such as the number of minutes for a walking distance or driving distance. 
     In one embodiment, the radius can be specified in terms of characteristics such as within walking distance, driving distance, etc. The system then determines an appropriate range according to the traffic condition for the area around the business location that is specified in section  2003  and/or around the service center ( 2027 ). 
     In one embodiment, “neighborhood”, such as Soho or Chinatown, that may be a combination of multiple districts, can be specified as the targeted geographic area. Such areas can be predefined in the database based on real-world information of where consumers lie. Alternatively, such neighborhoods can also be specified in a user interface (not shown in  FIG. 20 ) by drawing polygons (or other shapes, such as closed curves, ellipse, circles, etc.) upon a map to define the area the advertiser would like to market to. In one embodiment, an advertiser can select (e.g., click) on several shapes (e.g., polygons, closed curves, etc.) to include, or exclude, regions in the desired marketing area. For example, a target geographic area can be the union of a set of shapes defined on a map, excluding the union of another set of shapes defined on the same map (or a different map). 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, the user interface may automatically suggest a service area based on the information collected about the business, such as the category of the business, the service type, and/or the scale of the business in view of the knowledge about the service areas of typically similar businesses. The advertiser may then modify the suggested area to specify a desired target geographic area. 
     Further, the system may present a geographical distribution and a distance distribution of calls generated from advertisements for similar businesses in the past as reference materials for the advertiser. The automatically suggested areas can also be based on statistical data of telephone calls generated from advertisements. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, the section ( 2007 ) of the user interface contains buttons for disposing the data entered in the fields of the user interface ( 2001 ). For example, one may select the submit button ( 2033 ) to commit the data into a database (e.g., submitting through a web server, a WAP server, an email gateway, an SMS/instant message gateway, etc.). Alternatively, one may select the cancel button ( 2031 ) to discard the data. Buttons for other types of actions (not shown in  FIG. 20 ), such as preview of the advertisement, can also be included. 
     Although the example in  FIG. 20  shows that both the section ( 2003 ) for the content of the advertisement and the section ( 2005 ) for the geographic area are arranged in the same user interface ( 2001 ), it is understood that different types of arrangements can be made. For example, different sections may be included in different windows/screens. Further, other sections, such as the entry fields for the specification of business categories, work hours, work days, keywords, bid for price per call, advertisement budge, payment information, etc. (not shown in  FIG. 20 ), can also be specified using similar user interfaces. Further, similar user interfaces can be used to modify the corresponding information and update the advertisement. 
     In  FIG. 20 , the service area is specified is the section ( 2005 ) for a phone number ( 2019 ). In one embodiment, an advertiser can specify one phone number for one service area, or specify multiple phone numbers for one same service area, or specify different phone numbers for different service areas. 
     Further, in one embodiment, a service area may be specified as a combination of multiple areas, such as the union of a set of first areas (e.g., zip code area, cities, etc.) excluding the union of a set of second areas (e.g., a custom area defined on a map). For example, in one embodiment, an advertiser can define his own custom area through define a shape (e.g., polygon, circle, ellipse, closed curve, etc.) upon a map. For example, the advertiser may enter in the precise points of latitude and longitude, thereby defining the exact geography he would like to target his ads to, or through free-hand drawing a the shape on the map at a suitable magnification (e.g., street level, city level, state level, etc.). In one embodiment, a user interface (not shown in  FIG. 20 ) presents a map in which the advertiser can simply click upon points to define a polygon, within which the advertisement will be targeted. 
     For example, an entertainment lawyer can create an advertisement to be targeted for audiences in both New York City and Los Angeles. In one embodiment, the lawyer can do this by defining the areas using the above methods twice or multiple times, each time specifying one area. A user interface (not shown in  FIG. 20 ) can then be used to show the list of areas that are specified separately. Alternatively, the lawyer can select both New York City and Los Angeles on a map. 
       FIG. 21  shows a diagram of connecting phone calls according to geographic areas of advertisers and callers according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
     In  FIG. 21 , the advertisement ( 2101 ) illustrates an appearance of the content as specified in the section ( 2003 ) of  FIG. 20  when it is presented in a media channel for advertisement. The advertisement ( 2101 ) includes a phone number ( 2103 ), which is assigned statically or dynamically to the advertiser (and the media channel when tracking the media channel is desired). Alternatively, the advertisement may contain a reference to the phone number through showing a call button (e.g., for VoIP online phone initiation) without showing the phone number. The database ( 2111 ) indicates the association relation between the advertised phone number and the phone number of the advertiser ( 2113  and  2115 ). 
     Thus, after the advertisement delivery ( 2105 ) according to the geographic area of interest, the user views the advertisement ( 2101 ) and calls the advertised phone number ( 2103 ) from the user&#39;s phone ( 2107 ). The phone call is received at the phone decoder and router ( 2117 ) at the advertised phone number through the telephone network ( 2109 ). According to the database ( 2111 ), the phone decoder and router ( 2117 ) forwards the phone call to the advertiser. Through the telephone network ( 2109 ), the phone call reaches the advertiser at the target phone ( 2119 ), which has the phone number specified by the advertiser (e.g., in the phone field  2019  in  FIG. 20 ). 
     In one embodiment, the advertisement delivery ( 2105 ) is at least partially based on the matching of geographic area of interest. For example, when the user is searching relevant invention in a geographic area that is within the service area of the advertiser, the advertisement becomes a candidate for an advertisement in the search result page. The user may search information through web, WAP, SMS, or other custom server/client applications. The geographic area of interest may be indicated in the search terms used, or in the preferences of the user, or specified in the categories of search. 
     Alternatively, the geographic area of interest may be inferred from the location of the user. For example, the user device may be a wireless mobile device. The location of the wireless mobile device can be determined using a number of ways. 
     For example, the user may specify the geographic area in the phone call through an automated system (e.g., entering a zip code using a touch tone phone) or through human concierges. 
     For example, the cellular position system, or a satellite/pseudolite position system, can be used to determine the location of a cellular phone to determine the location of a mobile device. For example, the location of the mobile device may be determined through a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver that is connected to, or built within, the mobile device. 
     Pseudolites are ground-based transmitters signals similar to a Global Positioning System (GPS). Pseudolites are useful in situations where signals from an orbiting satellite might be unavailable, such as tunnels, mines, buildings or other enclosed areas. A satellite/pseudolite signal receiver may determine its location and transmit the location through the cellular phone to a cellular communication system, or transmit the received signals to a location server which computes the location. 
     A cellular communication system may also determine the location of a cellular phone. For example, the location of a cellular phone can be determined using a method known as Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) in which the reception times of a cellular signal from a mobile station are measured at several base stations to determine the position of the cellular phone. Alternative, a method known as Advanced Forward Link Trilateration (AFLT), or Enhanced Observed Time Difference (EOTD), can be used, which measures the reception times of cellular signals from several base stations to the cellular phone. 
     Alternatively, the cellular site in which the mobile device can communicate to a based station can be used to determine a rough position of the cellular phone. In general, any method used by a cellular phone provider to get location information (e.g., for emergency service) can be used. 
     Further, the automatic number identification (ANI) service can be used to determine the phone number of the incoming call and look up the geographic area information from the database for the phone numbers. 
     Further, an access point for a wireless local area network or a wireless personal area network typically has a small coverage area. Based on the location of the access point, location information (e.g., the city, or more precise location information) can be obtained. 
     Further, for example, the user device may be a wired device accessing the Internet through an Internet Service Provider. The location information of the user device can be obtained automatically from the Internet Service Provider. 
     Alternatively, the location information can be obtained from user preference data. 
     In one embodiment, when the user searches for information without explicitly specifying a geographic area, the geographic area of interest can be determined based on typical geographic radius of interest on the topic and the location of the user. 
     In one embodiment, the advertisement ( 2101 ) is not delivered if the geographic area of interest to the user does not match the service area of the advertiser. In one embodiment, the ranking of the advertisement candidates is partially based on the degree of matching between the geographic area of interest to the user and the service area of the advertiser. For example, when other conditions are the same (e.g., bid for call per price, matching between search content and service, etc.), the further the advertiser from the user the lower the rank of the corresponding advertisement. 
     In one embodiment, the location of the user device is determined automatically, which is then used to determine the location-dependent content information and advertisements. 
     For example, when the user performs a search for information which is location dependent, the location automatically determined for the mobile device is used with the search request. For example, when the user search for “hotels” without specifying a location using an SMS-based search, the city in which the mobile device is located is determined; and a pay-per-call list of hotels in the city is sent via SMS to the mobile device. 
     In one example, the user may search for “dentists” in a custom client application; and a custom server application provides a pay-per-call list of “dentists” close to the current position of the mobile device. 
     In one example, the user may search in a web page or a WAP page for a particular subject. The return results include one or more pay-per-call advertisements to be presented in a browser running in the mobile device. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, certain content information is automatically channeled into the mobile device when the mobile device enters into a wireless access zone. For example, when a wireless mobile device enters into a commercial district, pay-per-call lists of various nearby points of interest, such as hotels, movie theaters, restaurants, etc., can be automatically presented on the mobile device, according to user preferences. The information can be provided (e.g., in accordance with a user preference) without the user explicitly specifying a search. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, a user may search for particular types of experts, businesses, institutions, persons, etc. When the user is interested in calling one selected entity (e.g., an expert, a doctor, a restaurant), the user device can automatically dial the encoded phone number of the entity without the user manually dial the number; and the phone router/connector decodes the information and connects the mobile device to the phone of the selected entity. Alternatively, the phone number of the mobile device may be determined (e.g., through ANI, or user input, or user preference setting); and the phone connector connects phone calls to both the mobile device and the phone of the selected entity to connect the user to the selected entity. In such a process, the identity of the mobile device may be kept anonymous from the selected entity; and the identity of the selected entity may also be kept anonymous from the user of the mobile device. 
     In one embodiment, the advertisement may also be presented in other types of media channels, such as newspaper, television/radio broadcast, etc. For example, the advertisement may be presented in a media channel that is typically for users in the target region. 
     In one embodiment, the phone number ( 2103 ) is further associated with a particular media channel so that when the phone decoder and router ( 2117 ) receives the phone call at the advertised phone number the identity of the media channel can also be determined and recorded. 
     In one embodiment, the geographic location of the user is determined from location of the calling device of the user. The geographic area of the advertiser is matched to the geographic location of the user at the phone decoder and router (e.g.,  2117  in  FIG. 21 ). For example, the advertiser may have multiple phone numbers for multiple geographic areas, the geographic location of the user from where the call is initiated can be used to select the phone number for the corresponding geographic area. 
       FIGS. 22-23  show flow diagrams of generating advertisements, making and tracking phone connections according to embodiments of the present invention. 
     In  FIG. 22 , operation  2201  receives content specifying an advertisement for an advertiser who has a telephone number. Operation  2203  receives input specifying a target geographic area of the advertisement. 
     Operation  2205  assigns a telephone number to the advertiser for the advertisement. The telephone number assigned to the advertiser is an encoded version of the telephone number of the advertiser so that a potential customer cannot call the telephone number of the advertiser directly. In one embodiment, the telephone number assigned to the advertiser is further associated with a media channel that is responsible for delivering the advertisement so that the identity of the media channels creditable for delivering the advertisement to the callers can be tracked and recorded. 
     Based on the content, operation  2207  generates the advertisement to include one of: the telephone number assigned to the advertiser and a reference to the telephone number assigned to the advertiser, so that the advertiser is billed based on telephonic connections made to the telephone number of the advertiser through the telephone number assigned to the advertiser. In one embodiment, the advertisement is generated through replacing the telephone number of the advertiser with the telephone number assigned to the advertiser. 
     Operation  2209  provides the advertisement for delivery to users of interest in the target geographic area. In one embodiment, the advertisement is generate for distribution by a specify media channel, such as a specify search engine, a web/WAP site, a content provider, etc. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, the selection of a location of the advertiser and the corresponding target phone number is made at the time a phone call is received at a switch/router; and the selection may be automatic based on ANI or location information determined from a positioning system, or semi-automatic based on user interaction with an automated IVR, or non-automatic based on the user interaction with a human concierge. 
     In  FIG. 23 , operation  2301  receives a telephone call to a telephone number advertised for an advertiser. Operation  2303  determines the telephone number of the caller through Automatic Number Identification (ANI). 
     Operation  2305  determines a geographic area associated with the phone number (e.g., look up using the telephone number of the caller, obtain location information from a cellular positioning system, a satellite/pseudolite positioning system, etc.). Operation  2307  determines one of the telephone numbers of the advertiser for serving the geographic area. 
     Operation  2309  routes the telephone call to the telephone number of the advertiser. Operation  2311  charges the advertiser for the advertisement that results in the telephone call to the advertiser. 
     In general, the routines executed to implement the embodiments of the invention, may be implemented as part of an operating system or a specific application, component, program, object, module or sequence of instructions referred to as “computer programs.” The computer programs typically comprise one or more instructions set at various times in various memory and storage devices in a computer, and that, when read and executed by one or more processors in a computer, cause the computer to perform operations necessary to execute elements involving the various aspects of the invention. Moreover, while the invention has been described in the context of fully functioning computers and computer systems, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various embodiments of the invention are capable of being distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that the invention applies equally regardless of the particular type of machine or computer-readable media used to actually effect the distribution. Examples of computer-readable media include but are not limited to recordable type media such as volatile and non-volatile memory devices, floppy and other removable disks, hard disk drives, optical disks (e.g., Compact Disk Read-Only Memory (CD ROMS), Digital Versatile Disks, (DVDs), etc.), among others, and transmission type media such as digital and analog communication links. 
     Although the present invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments, it will be evident that the various modification and changes can be made to these embodiments without departing from the broader spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative sense rather than in a restrictive sense.