Patent Publication Number: US-2017367396-A1

Title: Use of enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein in brewing fermented beverages

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This Application claims priority to The PCT number is PCT/IB2015/002488 which was filed on Dec. 15, 2015, and which in turn claims the priority of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 62/091,691, entitled “USE OF ENZYMATICALLY HYDROLYZED VEGETABLE PROTEIN IN BREWING FERMENTED BEVERAGES,” filed Dec. 15, 2014. This Application claims priority to both the above cited PCT and Provisional application, which are both incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This invention relates to fermented beverages produced using a fermentation adjunct and to methods of the production of such beverages. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Natural and seasonal crop variation in amino acid and protein composition and/or concentration on barley malt and adjuncts—i.e., malt replacements—generated by weather influence is a critical factor which may negatively affect brewing yeast nutrition and fermentation performance as well as beer foam quality when minimum requirements for beer production are not accomplished. 
     Examples of the impact of natural variation on barley composition are detailed in M. Jones, “Amino Acid Composition of Wort”,  European Brewing Convention Monograph,  1 , Zeist  pp. 90-105 (1974). The examples illustrate that α-amino nitrogen content may vary from 592 up to 946 mg/grain depending on barley variety and proline content increases when the barley plant grows at low moisture availability. 
     For fermented beverages, a major aim of the management of fermentation is to ensure that flavor-active carbonyls, 2,3-butanedione and 2,3-pentanedione, both of which are vicinal diketones (referred to herein as “VDKs” or “diacetyl”) that impart a ‘butterscotch’ flavor and aroma to beers, are each present at an appropriate concentration in the finished fermented beverage. This will be facilitated if the “wort”—i.e., the liquor run-off after extracting a prepared solid material, such as cereal grain or malt, with hot water—contains a suitable proportion of class 2 amino acids, i.e. isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, glycine, and tyrosine. 
     The measures that are taken to control diacetyl levels must not adversely affect other flavor parameters or fermentation efficiency. The inevitable compromise usually results in the diacetyl-rest determining total vessel residence time, which impacts cellar efficiency. 
     To overcome the problems detailed above, it has been suggested that brewing yeast strains may be genetically modified such that the propensity for diacetyl formation is reduced and allow precise manipulation of specific brewing characteristics. Although two strategies have been proposed for the use of genetically modified yeast, none are or have been used in commercial brewing. 
     R. A. Mussche and F. R. Mussche,  Chair J. se Clerk XII: Flavors in Beer  (Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, 2006) discloses that 92.5% of the world beer production is brewed by using malt and malt replacements (adjuncts). The remaining 7.5% is brewed with either 100% malt or 100% pseudo cereals. 
     Finally, C. A. Boulton and D. E. Quain,  Brewing Yeast and Fermentation , pp. 127-181 (John Wiley and Sons, 2013) discloses that the amino nitrogen composition of wort has far-reaching effects upon fermentation performance and on beer flavor. Where malt is used as the principal source of extract, the quantity and composition of amino acids are such that these problems are not encountered. However, care must be exercised when using adjuncts, many of which are relatively deficient in amino nitrogen. 
     The European Brewery Convention (“EBC”), the American Association of Brewing Chemists (“ASBC”), and the Mitteleuropaische Brautechnische Analysenkommission (“MEBAK”), among other brewing associations, have adopted internationally recognized methods to evaluate nitrogen compounds quality and availability on malt, which are analysis of Total Nitrogen (Analytica EBC 4.3.1 or 4.3.2), Soluble Nitrogen (Analytica EBC 4.9.1 or 4.9.2 or 4.9.3), Kohlbach Index (Analytica EBC 4.9.1), Hartong 45° C. (MEBAK 3.1.4.11) and Free amino acid content (FAN—Analytica EBC 4.10). 
     It is generally accepted by brewers that minimum requirements for Pilsner malts to prevent negative effects of low or poor amino acids composition in beer production are Total Nitrogen on dry malt 1.6%-1.8% (or Protein content 10.5%-11.5%), Total Soluble Nitrogen 0.65%-0.75%, Kohlbach Index 36-45%, Hartong 45° C. 35 min. and FAN higher than 160 mg/L to ensure suitable yeast growth and beer foam stability results higher than 240 seconds (Nibem method). 
     The references detailed above are used by the brewing industry to select different procedures and technologies aiming to compensate for undesirable malt and/or adjunct quality variation in beer production—e.g. utilization of different barley varieties, changes in malt specifications with regard to nitrogen content, changes in geographic origin of malt, different ratios of 2 and 6 rows barley blends, utilization of other yeast nutrient sources—e.g. yeast extract, ammonia chloride, ammonia phosphate or ammonia sulfate—or even foam stability additives utilization—e.g. Propylene Glycol Alginate (PGA—INS 405), Arabic gum (INS 414), Xanthan gum (INS 415), Pectin (INS 440), Methyl cellulose (INS 461), Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (INS 464) or Carboxymethyl cellulose (INS 466). However, those procedures and technologies may increase beer formulation cost up to approximately 15%, particularly those which reduce supply chain operations efficiency for malt. In addition, breweries are often unwilling to declare food additives on their beer labels to avoid risk of negatively affect customer perception on their beer quality. 
     In addition to the above, while some ammonia based yeast nutrients present competitive application cost, they have limited efficiency for yeast nutrition because they may induce a catabolic repression effect on amino acid uptake from malt and adjunct origin that can generate adverse effects on yeast nutrition and fermentation. Conversely, while yeast extract presents suitable amino acid composition for yeast nutrition, it is an expensive alternative for application in beer production. 
     The alternatives and technologies detailed above are able to compensate for some of the natural variation of amino acid content in malt or their effects on beer quality, particularly diacetyl formation and foam quality, but none achieves the desired performance combination characteristics without undesirable side effects and desired ingredient labeling. 
     In some aspects, the present invention offers a suitable solution for those issues described above and additionally offers a new technology to speed up wort fermentation and increase efficiency of cellar utilization in breweries. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In one aspect, the present invention relates to a yeast nutrient comprised of an enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein which is comprised of one or a combination of dent corn, waxy corn, high amylose corn, rice, waxy rice, pea, chick pea, yellow pea, navy beans, fava beans, lentils, wheat, and/or soy based proteins. In another aspect, the present invention also relates to a method of brewing a fermented beverage which comprises adding to the fermentation medium an enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein as described herein. This invention also relates to a fermented beverage produced by such a method. 
     In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is comprised of the amino acids glycine, histidine, arginine, valine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, isoleucine and leucine and hydrophobic proteins. 
     In yet another aspect, the present invention includes methods to reduce fermentation time of the cereal based fermented beverages such as beer, increasing the cellar output as well as enhancing yeast nutrition and beer foam quality by adding on mashing or wort boiling or wort cooling or other step before or during fermentation, an enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein which properly supplies a balanced combination of foam enhancing proteins and free amino acids of high nutritional value for yeast. 
     In an aspect, the present invention is a method comprising the steps of obtaining an enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein, combining the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein with a fermentable medium; and fermenting at least the fermentable medium to form a fermented beverage that is selected from the group consisting of beer and beverages derived from beer. 
     In another aspect, the fermentation medium is essentially free of added ammonium ions. In yet another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is derived from corn, corn gluten meal, or at least one of dent corn, waxy corn, or high amylose corn. 
     In another aspect, the corn gluten meal has about 50% to about 70% protein and about 10 to about 35% starch. In yet another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is derived from a source comprising starch. 
     In an aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is derived by hydrolyzing at least a portion of starch in the source with an amylase enzyme. In another aspect, the protein of the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is enzymatically hydrolyzed with proteolytic enzymes after the hydrolyzing of the starch. 
     In some aspects, the present invention also includes mashing the fermentable medium, wherein the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is combined with the fermentable medium during the mashing step. 
     In yet other aspects, the present invention includes wort boiling the fermentable medium, wherein the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is combined with the fermentable medium during the wort boiling step. 
     In an aspect, the present invention includes wort cooling the fermentable medium, wherein the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is combined with the fermentable medium during the wort cooling step. 
     In yet another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is combined with the fermentable medium during the fermenting step. 
     In one aspect, the present invention includes a fermented beverage produced by one or more methods described herein. In another aspect, the fermented beverage produced by one or more methods described herein is beer. In yet another aspect, the yeast nutrient used to produce a fermented beverage comprises an enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. 
     In other aspects, the fermented beverage is produced using a process that includes an enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. In the other aspect, the fermented beverage produced using a process that includes an enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is beer. 
     In yet other aspects, a first foam of the fermented beverage is stable for a longer time than a second foam of a fermented beverage produced with the same process and the same ingredients except without the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. 
     In yet other aspects, a first foam of the fermented beverage is of a better quality than a second foam of a fermented beverage produced with the same process and the same ingredients except without the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       The present invention can be further explained with reference to the attached drawings, wherein like structures are referred to by like numerals throughout the several views. The drawings shown are not necessarily to scale, with emphasis instead generally being placed upon illustrating the principles of the present invention. Further, some features may be exaggerated to show details of particular components. 
         FIG. 1  is a flowchart showing a non-limiting example of method for brewing beer. 
         FIG. 2  is a graph comparing the fermentation of the Test 1 and Control 1 brews. 
         FIG. 3  is a graph comparing the fermentation of the Test 2 and Control 1 brews. 
         FIG. 4  is a graph comparing the fermentation of the Test 3 and Control 1 brews. 
         FIG. 5  is a graph comparing the fermentation of the Test 4 and Control 2 brews. 
         FIG. 6  is a graph comparing the fermentation of the Test 4 and Control 2 brews. 
         FIG. 7  is a graph comparing the fermentation of the Test 2 and Test 5 brews. 
         FIG. 8  is a graph comparing the fermentation of the Test 6 and Control 3 brews. 
         FIG. 9  is a graph comparing the fermentation of the Test 7 and Control 3 brews. 
         FIG. 10  is a graph comparing the protein, FAN and sulphur dioxide of the Control 1 and Test 1 brews. 
         FIG. 11  is a graph comparing the protein, FAN and sulphur dioxide of the Control 3 and Tests 6&amp;7 brews. 
         FIG. 12  is a graph comparing the color and bitterness of the Control 1 and Test 1 brews. 
         FIG. 13  is a graph comparing the color and bitterness of the Control 3 and Tests 6 &amp; 7 brews. 
         FIG. 14  is a graph comparing the VDK content of the Control 1 and Test 1 brews. 
         FIG. 15  is a graph comparing the VDK content of the Control 3 and Test 6 brews. 
         FIG. 16  is a graph comparing the foam stability of the Control 1 and Test 1 brews. 
         FIG. 17A  is an image showing the foam quality of Test 1 and Control 1 after 8 seconds. 
         FIG. 17B  is an image showing the foam quality of Test 1 and Control 1 after 1 minute, 1 second. 
         FIG. 17C  is an image showing the foam quality of Test 1 and Control 1 after 4 minutes, 1 second. 
     
    
    
     In addition, any measurements, specifications and the like shown in the figures are intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention. 
     Among those benefits and improvements that have been disclosed, other objects and advantages of this invention can become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures. Detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention that may be embodied in various forms. In addition, each of the examples given in connection with the various aspects of the invention is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Among those benefits and improvements that have been disclosed, other objects and advantages of this invention can become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures. Detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention that may be embodied in various forms. In addition, each of the examples given in connection with the various embodiments of the invention which are intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Any alterations and further modifications of the inventive feature illustrated herein, and any additional applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated herein, which can normally occur to one skilled in the relevant art and having possession of this disclosure, are to be considered within the scope of the invention. 
     Throughout the specification and claims, the following terms take the meanings explicitly associated herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The phrases “in one aspect” and “In some aspects” and the like, as used herein, do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment(s), though it may. Furthermore, the phrases “in another aspect” and “in some other aspects” as used herein do not necessarily refer to a different aspect (embodiment), although it may. Thus, as described below, various aspects (embodiments) of the invention may be readily combined, without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. 
     In addition, as used herein, the term “or” is an inclusive “or” operator, and is equivalent to the term “and/or,” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The term “based on” is not exclusive and allows for being based on additional factors not described, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In addition, throughout the specification, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references. The meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on.” 
     In an aspect, the present invention is a method comprising the steps of obtaining an enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein, combining the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein with a fermentable medium; and fermenting at least the fermentable medium to form a fermented beverage that is selected from the group consisting of beer and beverages derived from beer. 
     In another aspect, the fermentation medium is essentially free of added ammonium ions. In yet another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is derived from corn, corn gluten meal, or at least one of dent corn, waxy corn, or high amylose corn. 
     In another aspect, the corn gluten meal has about 40% to about 80% protein and about 10 to about 50% starch. In another aspect, the corn gluten meal has about 50% to about 70% protein and about 10 to about 35% starch. In yet another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is derived from a source comprising starch. 
     In an aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is derived by hydrolyzing at least a portion of starch in the source with an amylase enzyme. In another aspect, the protein of the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is enzymatically hydrolyzed with proteolytic enzymes after the hydrolyzing of the starch. 
     In some aspects, the present invention also includes mashing the fermentable medium, wherein the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is combined with the fermentable medium during the mashing step. 
     In yet other aspects, the present invention includes wort boiling the fermentable medium, wherein the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is combined with the fermentable medium during the wort boiling step. 
     In an aspect, the present invention includes wort cooling the fermentable medium, wherein the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is combined with the fermentable medium during the wort cooling step. 
     In yet another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is combined with the fermentable medium during the fermenting step. 
     In one aspect, the present invention includes a fermented beverage produced by one or more methods described herein. In another aspect, the fermented beverage produced by one or more methods described herein is beer. In yet another aspect, the yeast nutrient used to produce a fermented beverage comprises an enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. 
     In other aspects, the fermented beverage is produced using a process that includes an enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. In the other aspect, the fermented beverage produced using a process that includes an enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is beer. 
     In yet other aspects, a first foam of the fermented beverage is stable for a longer time than a second foam of a fermented beverage produced with the same process and the same ingredients except without the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. 
     In yet other aspects, a first foam of the fermented beverage is of a better quality than a second foam of a fermented beverage produced with the same process and the same ingredients except without the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. 
     In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein, also referred to as partial enzymatic digestion of (source) protein, is composed primarily of free amino acids, small peptides (peptides chains of five or fewer amino acids), polypeptides (peptides chains of six up to fifty amino acids), proteins (peptides chains with more than fifty amino acids) and salts resulting from the essentially controlled hydrolysis of peptide bonds in edible proteinaceous materials, catalyzed by food-grade enzymes and/or heat. 
     The edible proteinaceous material used as raw material is derived from safe and suitable vegetable or plant sources. Examples of suitable vegetable sources include, but are not limited to, dent corn, waxy corn, high amylose corn, wheat, dry peas, fava beans, chick peas, lentils, rice, potato and soybeans. In one aspect, the proteinaceous material is derived solely from corn. In one aspect, the proteinaceous material is derived from corn gluten meal that has been derived from the wet milling of corn ( Zea mays ), e.g. dent corn (No. 2), waxy corn, high amylose corn, or could also be from dry peas, chick peas, lentils, rice, soybeans, and others. 
     In one aspect, the proteinaceous material is derived from a source having at least about 40% protein. In one aspect, the source has about 40% to about 80% by weight protein. In one aspect, the source has about 40% to about 75% by weight protein. In another aspect, the source has about 40% to about 70% by weight protein. In yet another aspect, the source has about 40% to about 65% by weight protein. In an aspect, the source has about 40% to about 60% by weight protein. In one aspect, the source has about 40% to about 55% by weight protein. In another aspect, the source has about 40% to about 50% by weight protein. In yet another aspect, the source has about 40% to about 100% by weight protein. In yet another aspect, the source has about 40% to about 90% by weight protein. In yet another aspect, the source has about 50% to about 70% by weight protein. 
     In one aspect, the proteinaceous material can also include at least about 10% starch by weight. In an aspect, the source has about 10% to about 50% starch by weight. In another aspect, the source has about 10% to about 45% starch by weight. In one aspect, the source has about 10% to about 40% starch by weight. In an aspect, the source has about 10% to about 35% starch by weight. In one aspect, the source has about 10% to about 30% starch by weight. In one aspect, the source has about 10% to about 35% starch by weight. In yet another aspect, the source has about 10% to about 25% starch by weight. In one aspect, the source has about 10% to about 20% starch by weight. 
     In one aspect, the proteinaceous material is derived from the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn gluten meal. 
     In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes at least 40% protein and at least 10% starch. In an aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 40% to 80% protein and 10% to 50% starch. In another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 40% to 70% protein and 10% to 50% starch. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 40% to 60% protein and 10% to 50% starch. In yet another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 40% to 50% protein and 10% to 50% starch. In another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 40% to 80% protein and 10% to 40% starch. In yet another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 40% to 80% protein and 10% to 35% starch. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 40% to 80% protein and 10% to 30% starch. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 40% to 80% protein and 25% to 50% starch. In an aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 40% to 80% protein and 10% to 15% starch. In yet another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 50% to 70% protein and 10% to 35% starch. In another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 50% to 70% protein and 10% to 15% starch. 
     In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 5% to 95% carbohydrate. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 10% to 95% carbohydrate. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 20% to 95% carbohydrate. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 30% to 95% carbohydrate. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 40% to 95% carbohydrate. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 50% to 95% carbohydrate. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 60% to 95% carbohydrate. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 70% to 95% carbohydrate. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 80% to 95% carbohydrate. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 90% to 95% carbohydrate. 
     In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 5% to 90% carbohydrate. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 5% to 80% carbohydrate. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 5% to 70% carbohydrate. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 5% to 60% carbohydrate. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 5% to 50% carbohydrate. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 5% to 40% carbohydrate. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 5% to 30% carbohydrate. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 5% to 20% carbohydrate. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein includes 5% to 15% carbohydrate. 
     The enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable proteins useful in the methods and compositions of the invention can be made according to the following methods. In general, the method of enzymatically hydrolyzing a vegetable protein source (e.g. corn gluten meal having the from about 40% to about 80% protein and from about 10% to about 50% starch, all percents being by weight) is generally comprised of the following steps:
         1) Vegetable protein source is slurried in a major amount by weight of water, typically such that the vegetable protein source (e.g., corn gluten meal from No. 2 dent corn or waxy corn having about 40% to about 80% protein and about 10 to about 50% starch) is present at from about 2% to about 50% by weight, e.g. from about 20% to about 40% by weight.   2) The pH is adjusted to from about 5.0 to about 6.5 with organic or inorganic acids including but not limited to, hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, citric, or fumaric acid or with bases including but not limited to, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, soda ash, phosphates or their blends.   3) One or more amylases are then added to the vegetable protein source slurry.   4) The vegetable protein source slurry is heated in a reactor under controlled conditions to a temperature between about 50° C. to 90° C. with sufficient agitation to homogenize the vegetable protein source. The slurry is held at a final temperature between about 80° C. to about 100° C. for about one hour with continued agitation.   5) The pH is adjusted as above described to a pH of about 6.5 to 8.0 depending on the conditions required for the selected specific proteolytic enzyme(s) described in the next step in the process.   6) An enzyme preparation comprised of one or more proteolytic enzymes (e.g., a protease) is added to the pH-controlled, homogenized slurry, at a dosage level of 0.25 to 4.0% (depending upon specific enzyme activities) in an amount effective to achieve the desired protein level and free amino acids content, as well as the free amino nitrogen (FAN) during a subsequent hydrolysis step. A typical enzyme preparation is comprised of proteases, aminopeptidases, lipases, and/or phospholipases from fungal, bacterial or vegetable origin (e.g. a mixture of one or more proteases). In some aspects, the enzyme preparation can include one or more immobilized enzymes and/or soluble enzymes.   7) The resulting enzyme-dosed mixture is then held under conditions conducive to hydrolysis for a time sufficient to hydrolyze the vegetable protein to the desired level of soluble protein, free amino acids and FAN, typically from about 2 to about 50 hours (e.g. about 20 hours at the recommended best temperature for the chosen enzymes), and typically to reach a FAN of from about 10 to about 150 mg/ml in the enzyme hydrolyzed product mixture.   8) The enzymes are then deactivated, typically by heating to an inactivation temperature for the enzyme(s), and/or adjusting the pH to an inactivating pH for the enzymes, typically a pH of from about 2.0 to about 4.0.   9) The product is then dried to a stable moisture content, typically from about 1% to about 8% by weight moisture, and typically using a spray dryer, a flash dryer, and/or a drum dryer. The product can optionally be subjected to further concentration or fractionation, as required.       

     The dried product of the above process is hereinafter referred to as the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein or the yeast nutrient. 
     In one aspect of the invention, the product can be purified using fractionation or separation to enhance or reduce the concentration of one or more amino acids. The fractionation or separation could be achieved using chromatographic techniques, membrane based separations or other accepted fractionation and separation techniques. In another aspect of the invention, the product can be subjected to dehydration/concentration without the application of heat including processes such as freeze drying. 
     In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein source has a composition as described in Table 1: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Parameter 
                 Unit 
                 Min. 
                 Max 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Protein 
                 % 
                 40 
                 80 
               
               
                   
                 Carbohydrates 
                 % 
                 10.0 
                 50.0 
               
               
                   
                 Oil 
                 % 
                 5.0 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                 Ash 
                 % 
                 7.0 
                 15.0 
               
               
                   
                 Fiber 
                 % 
                 0.0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 Soluble protein 
                 % 
                 30.0 
                 80.0 
               
               
                   
                 FAN (dilution: 3 g/hL) 
                 mg/L 
                 10.0 
                 150.0 
               
               
                   
                 Total Aminoacids 
                 g/100 g 
                 50.0 
                 70.0 
               
               
                   
                 Free Aminoacids 
                 g/100 g 
                 2.0 
                 15.0 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Total Aminoacids 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Aspartic acid 
                 g/100 g 
                 3.00 
                 5.00 
               
               
                   
                 Glutamic acid 
                 g/100 g 
                 10.00 
                 20.00 
               
               
                   
                 Serine 
                 g/100 g 
                 2.00 
                 5.00 
               
               
                   
                 Glycine 
                 g/100 g 
                 1.50 
                 3.00 
               
               
                   
                 Histidine 
                 g/100 g 
                 1.30 
                 1.50 
               
               
                   
                 Arginine 
                 g/100 g 
                 2.30 
                 2.80 
               
               
                   
                 Threonine 
                 g/100 g 
                 2.00 
                 3.00 
               
               
                   
                 Alanine 
                 g/100 g 
                 4.10 
                 6.20 
               
               
                   
                 Proline 
                 g/100 g 
                 3.00 
                 6.00 
               
               
                   
                 Tyrosine 
                 g/100 g 
                 2.50 
                 4.50 
               
               
                   
                 Valine 
                 g/100 g 
                 2.70 
                 3.20 
               
               
                   
                 Methionine 
                 g/100 g 
                 1.20 
                 1.50 
               
               
                   
                 Cystine 
                 g/100 g 
                 0.10 
                 0.70 
               
               
                   
                 Isoleucine 
                 g/100 g 
                 2.40 
                 3.50 
               
               
                   
                 Leucine 
                 g/100 g 
                 2.00 
                 11.00 
               
               
                   
                 Phenylalanine 
                 g/100 g 
                 3.00 
                 5.20 
               
               
                   
                 Lysine 
                 g/100 g 
                 1.20 
                 1.60 
               
               
                   
                 Tryptophan 
                 g/100 g 
                 0.20 
                 0.50 
               
            
           
           
               
            
               
                 Free aminoacids 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Aspartic acid 
                 g/100 g 
                 0.070 
                 0.160 
               
               
                   
                 Glutamic acid 
                 g/100 g 
                 0.010 
                 0.200 
               
               
                   
                 Serine 
                 g/100 g 
                 0.010 
                 0.180 
               
               
                   
                 Glycine 
                 g/100 g 
                 0.050 
                 0.200 
               
               
                   
                 Histidine 
                 g/100 g 
                 0.020 
                 0.170 
               
               
                   
                 Arginine 
                 g/100 g 
                 0.250 
                 1.800 
               
               
                   
                 Threonine 
                 g/100 g 
                 0.100 
                 0.210 
               
               
                   
                 Alanine 
                 g/100 g 
                 0.230 
                 1.700 
               
               
                   
                 Proline 
                 g/100 g 
                 0.220 
                 0.450 
               
               
                   
                 Tyrosine 
                 g/100 g 
                 0.100 
                 0.600 
               
               
                   
                 Valine 
                 g/100 g 
                 0.200 
                 0.700 
               
               
                   
                 Methionine 
                 g/100 g 
                 0.030 
                 0.280 
               
               
                   
                 Cystine 
                 g/100 g 
                 0.010 
                 0.170 
               
               
                   
                 Isoleucine 
                 g/100 g 
                 0.180 
                 0.500 
               
               
                   
                 Leucine 
                 g/100 g 
                 0.500 
                 2.300 
               
               
                   
                 Phenylalanine 
                 g/100 g 
                 0.250 
                 0.800 
               
               
                   
                 Lysine 
                 g/100 g 
                 0.120 
                 0.250 
               
               
                   
                 Tryptophan 
                 g/100 g 
                 0.010 
                 0.250 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The methods of making a fermented beverage in accordance with this invention using the described enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein can be otherwise conventional methods. In one aspect, the present invention relates to a method of brewing a fermented beverage such as beer that include adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein at any time prior to, or during early stages of fermentation of a fermentable medium. A non-limiting method of brewing beer is shown in  FIG. 1 . 
     In another aspect of this invention, a combination of enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable proteins made using this invention can be used to produce the fermented beverage. In yet another aspect, the protein or a combination of proteins can be combined with one or more carbohydrates for use in this invention. The carbohydrate used can be a starch or a starch derivative. Starch derivatives can include maltodextrins, dextrins, dextrose, syrups, or other derivatives. The syrups used can include high fructose corn syrup, high maltose corn syrup, glucose syrup or other similar derivatives. The starch used can be from one or more different sources including waxy maize, dent corn, high amylose corn, tapioca, wheat, potato, or other sources. 
     In aspects of the methods of the present invention, the vicinal diketones (the “VDKs” or “diacetyl”) reduction time of a fermented beverage is shortened by approximately 12 to 48 hours, which consequently makes it possible to reduce the fermentation time or speed up the fermentation process as detailed above, as well as particularly improve the beer foam retention by adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein at any time prior to, or during early stages of fermentation of a fermentable medium to produce a cereal based fermented beverage, including, but not limited to beer. 
     In one aspect, the VDKs reduction time of a fermented beverage is shortened by approximately 12 to 42 hours by adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. In one aspect, the VDKs reduction time of a fermented beverage is shortened by approximately 12 to 36 hours by adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. In an aspect, the VDKs reduction time of a fermented beverage is shortened by approximately 12 to 30 hours by adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. In another aspect, the VDKs reduction time of a fermented beverage is shortened by approximately 12 to 24 hours by adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. In yet another aspect, the VDKs reduction time of a fermented beverage is shortened by approximately 12 to 18 hours by adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. In an aspect, the VDKs reduction time of a fermented beverage is shortened by approximately 18 to 48 hours by adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. In one aspect, the VDKs reduction time of a fermented beverage is shortened by approximately 24 to 48 hours by adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. In another aspect, the VDKs reduction time of a fermented beverage is shortened by approximately 30 to 48 hours by adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. In an aspect, the VDKs reduction time of a fermented beverage is shortened by approximately 36 to 48 hours by adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. In one aspect, the VDKs reduction time of a fermented beverage is shortened by approximately 42 to 48 hours by adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. 
     In another aspect, the VDKs reduction time of a fermented beverage is shortened by approximately 12 to 48 hours from the total brewing time of 14 days—i.e., 336 hours—by adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. In some aspects, the VDKs reduction time of a fermented beverage is shortened by approximately 1% to 30% based on the total brewing time by adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. In other aspects, the VDKs reduction time of a fermented beverage is shortened by approximately 1% to 20% based on the total brewing time by adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. In aspects, the VDKs reduction time of a fermented beverage is shortened by approximately 1% to 15% based on the total brewing time by adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. In an aspect, the VDKs reduction time of a fermented beverage is shortened by approximately 1% to 10% based on the total brewing time by adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. In other aspects, the VDKs reduction time of a fermented beverage is shortened by approximately 1% to 7% based on the total brewing time by adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. In an aspect, the VDKs reduction time of a fermented beverage is shortened by approximately 1% to 5% based on the total brewing time by adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. 
     In some aspects, the VDKs reduction time of a fermented beverage is shortened by approximately 3% to 30% based on the total brewing time by adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. In some aspects, the VDKs reduction time of a fermented beverage is shortened by approximately 5% to 30% based on the total brewing time by adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. In some aspects, the VDKs reduction time of a fermented beverage is shortened by approximately 10% to 30% based on the total brewing time by adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. In some aspects, the VDKs reduction time of a fermented beverage is shortened by approximately 15% to 30% based on the total brewing time by adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. In some aspects, the VDKs reduction time of a fermented beverage is shortened by approximately 20% to 30% based on the total brewing time by adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. 
     In aspects, adding the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein accelerates the speed of the yeast metabolism by 1% to 30% without altering the characteristics—e.g., quality—of the fermented beverage. 
     As used herein, “fermentable medium” means any cereal based medium capable of being fermented to yield a fermented beverage. In one aspect the fermentable medium is malt. 
     As used herein, “malt” means any cereal grain, particularly barley, steeped in water until it is sprouted and use in brewing and distilling. However, in alternate aspects the fermentable medium is wort. As used herein, “wort” means the liquor run-off after extracting a prepared solid material, such as cereal grain or malt, with hot water. 
     As used herein, “malting” means the process of converting barley or other cereal grains (e.g. rye, oats, rice and/or wheat) into malt, for use in brewing. Thus, malting comprises treating the grains so that they sprout, thus producing a “malted grain”. Malting is typically comprised of steeping the grains, allowing the grains to sprout, and then drying the sprouted grains. 
     As used herein, “mashing” means a process for extracting the contents of solid raw materials (e.g., milled barley malt and solid adjuncts) into water and obtaining a soluble extract with the appropriate composition to produce a desired beer style. As used herein and detailed in Künze (KUNZE W (1996), Technology Brewing and Malting, International edition, Berlin, VLB. p. 206-209), “mashing-in” means a process describing the extremely through mixing of the grist (milled malt and adjunct) with water (mashing liquor) at prespecified mashing-in temperatures. Once the mashing liquor is obtained on mashing, optimum temperatures for enzymes which one wants to allow to act are attained, so rests at such different specific temperatures are kept, in such way that insoluble materials in grist like starch, cellulose, high molecular weight proteins and other are converted by enzymatic breakdown into soluble materials during mashing, like glucose, maltose, maltotriose, dextrins, aminoacids and other. Depending on the method in which the temperature is raised according different objectives for each specific beer style, mashing processes are classified into infusion—the entire mash is heated up, with appropriate rests, to the final mashing temperature—or decoction—the temperature is increased by removing part of the mash and boiled. By pumping it back to the remainder of the mash, the temperature of the total mash is increased to the next higher rest temperature. 
     As used herein, “lautering” means the brewing process in which the product produced in the mashing step—i.e., the “mash”—is separated into a clear liquid wort and the residual grain. Lautering may consist of three steps: mash out, recirculation and sparging. 
     As used herein, “sparging” means the brewing process where hot water is applied to the lautered grains to rinse out remaining wort. 
     As used herein, “whirlpool” means a process for separating solid particles in a hopped wort after boiling of the wort—i.e., “wort boiling”. The whirlpool step may include clarification of the wort. 
     As used herein, “wort cooling” means cooling the wort sufficiently—i.e., to fermentation temperatures—before yeast is added during the fermentation step. 
     As used herein, “fermentation” means the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohols and carbon dioxide or organic acids using yeast under anaerobic conditions, to produce a fermented beverage such as beer. 
     As used herein, an “early stage” of fermentation is within 24 hours of the start of filling a fermentation vessel. 
     In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium before or during the mashing step. In another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium before or during the lautering step. In yet another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium before or during sparging during the lautering step. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium before or during the wort boiling step. In yet another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium before or during whirlpool step. In an aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium before or during the wort cooling step. In yet another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium before or during the fermentation step. In yet another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium during an early stage of the fermentation step. 
     In some aspects, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium at one or more steps of the method of brewing a fermented beverage. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium during the mash and the lautering steps. In another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium during the mash and the wort boiling steps. In yet another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium during the mash and the whirlpool steps. In another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium during the mash and early fermentation steps. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium during the lautering and wort boiling steps. In an aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium during the lautering and whirlpool steps. In yet another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium during the lautering and during the early stage of the fermentation steps. In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium during the wort boiling and the whirlpool steps. In yet another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium during the wort boiling and the early stage of the fermentation steps. In yet another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium during the whirlpool and the early stage of the fermentation steps. 
     The enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein may be added to the fermentable medium prior to or in the early stages of fermentation in any amount effective to shorten the time to reduction of the level of vicinal diketones to an acceptable level which consequently makes it possible to reduce the fermentation time or improve the cellar efficiency, as well as particularly improve the beer foam retention. 
     In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium at a sufficient rate to achieve a concentration ranging from about 1 to about 1,000 g/hectoliters (hL) on a cast wort volume basis when added at the mashing step. In another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium at a sufficient rate to achieve a concentration ranging from about 1 to about 750 g/hL on a cast wort volume basis when added at the mashing step. In yet another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium at a sufficient rate to achieve a concentration ranging from about 1 to about 500 g/hL on a cast wort volume basis when added at the mashing step. In an aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium at a sufficient rate to achieve a concentration ranging from about 1 to about 250 g/hL on a cast wort volume basis when added at the mashing step. In another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium at a sufficient rate to achieve a concentration ranging from about 1 to about 100 g/hL on a cast wort volume basis when added at the mashing step. 
     In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium at a sufficient rate to achieve a concentration ranging from about 1 to about 30 g/hL on a cast wort volume basis when added at the mashing step. In another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium at a sufficient rate to achieve a concentration ranging from about 1 to about 25 g/hL on a cast wort volume basis when added at the mashing step. In yet another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium at a sufficient rate to achieve a concentration ranging from about 1 to about 20 g/hL on a cast wort volume basis when added at the mashing step. In an aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium at a sufficient rate to achieve a concentration ranging from about 1 to about 15 g/hL on a cast wort volume basis when added at the mashing step. In another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium at a sufficient rate to achieve a concentration ranging from about 1 to about 10 g/hL on a cast wort volume basis when added at the mashing step. In yet another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium at a sufficient rate to achieve a concentration ranging from about 5 to about 30 g/hL on a cast wort volume basis when added at the mashing step. In another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium at a sufficient rate to achieve a concentration ranging from about 10 to about 30 g/hL on a cast wort volume basis when added at the mashing step. In yet another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium at a sufficient rate to achieve a concentration ranging from about 20 to about 30 g/hL on a cast wort volume basis when added at the mashing step. 
     In one aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium at a sufficient rate to achieve a concentration ranging from about 1 to about 1000 g/hL. In an aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium at a sufficient rate to achieve a concentration ranging from about 1 to about 750 g/hL. In yet another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium at a sufficient rate to achieve a concentration ranging from about 1 to about 500 g/hL. In another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium at a sufficient rate to achieve a concentration ranging from about 1 to about 250 g/hL. In an aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium at a sufficient rate to achieve a concentration ranging from about 1 to about 100 g/hL In another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium at a sufficient rate to achieve a concentration ranging from about 1 to about 30 g/hL. In yet another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium at a sufficient rate to achieve a concentration ranging from about 1 to about 20 g/hL. In an aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium at a sufficient rate to achieve a concentration ranging from about 1 to about 10 g/hL. In another aspect, the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added to the fermentable medium at a sufficient rate to achieve a concentration ranging from about 1 to about 5 g/hL. 
     In some aspects, the volume associated with each of the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein concentrations described above is based on the volume associated with the one or more steps of the method of brewing a fermented beverage where the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein is added. 
     In one aspect, the fermentation medium will typically be essentially free of ammonium ions, except any that may be present in, or generated by, other ingredients of the fermentation medium. 
     One non-limiting use of the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein of this invention is in the brewing of beer (such as a Pilsner style lager) using brewer&#39;s yeast. Brewer&#39;s yeasts are well known in the brewing art. Brewing yeasts may be classed as “top-cropping” (or “top-fermenting”) and “bottom-cropping” (or “bottom-fermenting”). Top-cropping yeasts float to the beer surface once fermentation is complete. A non-limiting example of a top-cropping yeast is  Saccharomyces cerevisiae , also referred to as “ale yeast”. Bottom-cropping yeasts are typically used to produce Lager-type beers. These yeasts ferment well at low temperatures. A non-limiting example of bottom-cropping yeast is  Saccharomyces pastorianus.    
     Lager strains of  S. carlsbergensis  secrete an enzyme called melibiase, allowing them to hydrolyze melibiose, a disaccharide, into more fermentable monosaccharides. 
     Lager beer uses a process of cool fermentation, followed by maturation in cold storage such as a cellar or storeroom. The yeast typically used with Lager brewing is  Saccharomyces pastorianus.    
     Other lager beers include the adjunct based American Lager. The adjunct based American Lager is similar in visual properties to the Pilsner style lagers, but the brewing process is different. Where the Pilsner style lagers are made from barley malt, water, yeast, and a comparatively large dose of hops, most adjunct based American Lagers use a fraction of the hops and a portion of the barley is replaced with sugars derived from corn and rice. 
     Suitable brewer&#39;s yeasts include strains of  Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces pastorianus , and variants thereof. A non-limiting example of a brewer&#39;s yeast is a proprietary yeast strain sold under the designation Saflager available from Fermentis, a division of Société Industrielle Lesaffre, 137 rue Gabriel Péri, Marcq en Baroeul, France. 
     Non-Limiting Examples 
     Trials were performed according to the methods described below to compare Control brews with Test brews in which an enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein prepared as described below was added according to following dosage rates, addition stages and wort original extracts described below in Table 2: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Hydrolyzed 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Hydrolyzed 
                 vegetable 
                   
                 Wort - 
               
               
                   
                 vegetable 
                 protein 
                 Addition 
                 Original 
               
               
                   
                 protein type 
                 dosage rate 
                 stage 
                 extract 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Control 1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 13.0° P 
               
               
                 Control 2 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 18.9° P 
               
               
                 Control 3 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 13.0° P 
               
               
                 Test 1 
                 Corn 
                 15 g/hL 
                 mashing 
                 13.0° P 
               
               
                 Test 2 
                 Corn 
                 10 g/hL 
                 mashing 
                 13.0° P 
               
               
                 Test 3 
                 Corn 
                  8 g/hL 
                 mashing 
                 13.0° P 
               
               
                 Test 4 
                 Corn 
                 10 g/hL 
                 mashing 
                 18.9° P 
               
               
                 Test 5 
                 Corn 
                 10 g/hL 
                 wort boiling 
                 13.0° P 
               
               
                 Test 6 
                 Rice 
                 15 g/hL 
                 wort boiling 
                 13.0° P 
               
               
                 Test 7 
                 Pea 
                 15 g/hL 
                 wort boiling 
                 13.0° P 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ° P = degrees Plato 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The Control brews did not receive dosage of the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein. 
     Preparation of the Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Corn Protein: 
     Materials: 
       
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Protein slurry 
                 99.586 parts by weight  
               
               
                 Sodium phosphate 
                 0.302 parts by weight 
               
               
                 Proteases 
                 0.075 parts by weight 
               
               
                 Alpha-amylase 
                 0.019 parts by weight 
               
               
                 Caustic soda 
                 Quantity enough to adjust pH as described below 
               
               
                 Hydrochloric acid 
                 Quantity enough to adjust pH as described below 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Manufacturing Procedure: 
     
         
         
           
             1) The vegetable protein slurry is prepared by adding sufficient corn gluten meal parts to water to prepare a slurry having 35% dry solids. 
             2) The pH is adjusted to 5.5 with hydrochloric acid and an α-amylase (available from Novozymes A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark, as BAN 480 L) is added into the reactor. 
             3) The protein slurry is heated in the reactor to a final temperature of 90° C. and kept at the temperature for an hour under agitation. 
             4) The pH is then adjusted to 7.0 with caustic soda and sodium phosphate and two proteases available from Novozymes A/S (ALCALASE 2.4 L and FLAVOURZYME 1000 L) are added to the reactor. 
             5) The hydrolysis reaction is performed during 20 hours at 57° C. in order to reach a minimal Free Amino Nitrogen of 10 mg/ml in the final product. 
             6) The enzymes are then inactivated through pH adjustment to 4.0 or through holding at an inactivation temperature at 95° C. 
             7) The product is dried to 8% moisture using a spray dryer, flash dryer or drum dryer. 
             8) The dried product is packaged. 
           
         
       
    
     Preparation of Control and Test Brews for Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Corn Protein: 
     The preparation of the control and test brews for the enzymatically hydrolyzed corn protein is detailed in Table 3: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Beer style 
                 American style Lager (according to Brewers Association): 55% barley malt + 45% 
               
               
                   
                 high maltose syrup - Original extract: 11.5° P - Apparent extract: 2.2° P - Alcohol 
               
               
                   
                 cont.: 4.9% by vol. - Bitterness: 8.7 BU - Color: 5.5 EBC 
               
               
                 Malt milling 
                 2 rolls mill (1.5 mm rolls gap) 
               
               
                   
                 Malt features: 2 rows barley - Scarlett (50%) + Shakira (10%) + Paine (22%) + 
               
               
                   
                 Sylphide (18%) - Extract fine ground: 80.6% - β-glucans content: 161 mg/L - 
               
               
                   
                 Protein content: 10.7% - Kolbach Index: 39.9% - FAN: 161 mg/L 
               
               
                 Mashing 
                 Pilsner type 2 rows barley malt: 10.8 kg (=8.7701 kg/hL) - mash pH: 5.4-5.6 - 
               
               
                   
                 adjustment of 0.36 hL water with 0.0045 kg of lactic acid at 50% w/w - Infusion 
               
               
                   
                 mashing process: start at 44° C. =&gt; 8 min =&gt; 52° C. (10 min rest) =&gt; 16 min =&gt; 68° C. 
               
               
                   
                 (20 min rest) =&gt; 10 min =&gt; 78° C. (start lautering) 
               
               
                 Lautering 
                 First run: 0.26 to 0.30 hL at 11.8-12.8° P + 2 Sparging waters - Last run 
               
               
                   
                 extract &lt;2.0° P =&gt; Wort Kettle: 1.08 hL at 7.5-8.0° P 
               
               
                 Wort Boiling 
                 7.5% evaporation rate - 55-60 min boiling time - High maltose syrup (MorSweet ™ 
               
               
                   
                 brand 1557) dosage 10 min before boiling end: 8.2 kg (=6.6505 kg/hL) - Hop 
               
               
                   
                 dosage: 0.0028 kg α-acids/hL =&gt; 0.020 kg Nugget 11.0% α-acids at 5 min 
               
               
                   
                 boiling + 0.065 kg Saazer 3.4% α-acids 15 min before boiling end - Caramel dosage: 
               
               
                   
                 0.0044 kg (=0.0036 kg/hL) - Knock-out vol.: 1.05 hL - Knock-out extract: 13.5° P 
               
               
                 Wort Clarification 
                 1 min wort recirculation - 15 min rest 
               
               
                 In Whirlpool 
               
               
                 Wort cooling 
                 Wort temperature: 12° C. - Cooling time: 15-20 min - Aeration: pure oxygen - 
               
               
                   
                 Cold wort volume: 1.01 hL 
               
               
                 Fermentation 
                 Yeast strain: Fermentis Saflager 34/70 - yeast slurry dosage: 830 g - Temp. 12° C. - 
               
               
                   
                 until app. extract 8-6° C. =&gt; Temp. 14° C. - until app. extract 4.5-3.5° P =&gt; 
               
               
                   
                 Temp. 0° C. when diacetyl &lt;0.10 ppm - Fermentation time: 144-168 hours (6-7 days) 
               
               
                 Lagering 
                 Temp.: 0° C. - Lagering time: 144-264 hours (6-11 days) 
               
               
                 Beer filtration 
                 0.23 m 2  coated screen filter - Filter aids: pre-coat layer with 1.0 kg/m 2  of Hyflo 
               
               
                   
                 Super-Cel - Second pre-coat layer with 1.7 kg/m 2  of Diactiv 14 + 0.3 kg/m 2  of 
               
               
                   
                 cellulose fiber - colloidal stabilization: PVPP 5 g/hL - Beer turbidity: 0.2-0.8 EBC 
               
               
                 Bright Beer 
                 Carbonation adjustment: 0.55 to 0.60% w/w - Original extract adjustment to 
               
               
                 Storage in 
                 11.5° P using degassed water - antioxidant: 1.5 g/hL sodium metabisulphite (INS 
               
               
                 Bright Beer Tank 
                 223) 
               
               
                 Packaging 
                 CO 2  counterpressure glass bottles filling with manual dosing for crown corks - 
               
               
                   
                 Pasteurization: 10-14 PU 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Preparation of Control and Test Brews for Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Rice and Pea Proteins: 
     The preparation of the control and test brews for the enzymatically hydrolyzed rice and pea proteins is detailed in Table 4: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Beer style 
                 Typical American mainstream Lager beer (according to Brewers Association: 
               
               
                   
                 American style Lager): 55% barley malt + 45% high maltose syrup - Original 
               
               
                   
                 extract: 10-12° P - Apparent extract: 1.5-3.5° P - Alcohol content: 3.8-5.0% by 
               
               
                   
                 vol.- Bitterness: 5-15 BU - Color: 4-12 EBC 
               
               
                 Malt milling 
                 2 rolls mill (1.5 mm rolls gap) 
               
               
                 Mashing 
                 Pilsener type 2 rows barley malt: 16.2 kg (=8.6562 kg/hL) - mash pH: 5.4-5.6 - 
               
               
                   
                 adjustment of 0.54 hL water with 0.008 kg of lactic acid at 50% w/w - Infusion 
               
               
                   
                 mashing process: start at 44° C. =&gt; 8 min =&gt; 52° C. (10 min rest) =&gt; 16 min =&gt; 
               
               
                   
                 68° C.(20 min rest) =&gt; 10 min =&gt; 78° C. (start lautering) 
               
               
                 Lautering 
                 First run: 0.85 to 0.95 hL at 11.0-11.6° P + 2 Sparging waters - Last run 
               
               
                   
                 extract &lt;1.5° P =&gt; Wort Kettle: 1.64 hL at 7.0-7.5° P 
               
               
                 Wort Boiling 
                 7.5% evaporation rate - 55-60 min boiling time - High maltose syrup 
               
               
                   
                 (HIBREW1441) dosage 10 min before boiling end: 12.5 kg (=6.6505 kg/hL) - 
               
               
                   
                 Hop dosage: 0.0028 kg α-acids/hL =&gt; 0.023 kg Nugget 11.0% α-acids at 5 min 
               
               
                   
                 boiling + 0.075 kg Saazer 3.4% α-acids 15 min before boiling end - Caramel 
               
               
                   
                 dosage: 0.0068 kg (=0.0036 kg/hl) - Knockout volume: 1.60 hL - Knock-out 
               
               
                   
                 extract: 13.5° P 
               
               
                 Wort Clarification 
                 5 min wort recirculation - 15 min rest 
               
               
                 in Whirlpool 
               
               
                 Wort cooling 
                 Wort temperature: 10° C. - Cooling time: 15-20 min - Aeration: pure oxygen - 
               
               
                   
                 Cold wort volume: 1.01 hL 
               
               
                 Fermentation 
                 Yeast strain: Fermentis Saflager 34/70 - Yeast slurry dosage: 0.7 kg - Temp. 12° C. - 
               
               
                   
                 until app. extract 8-6° C. =&gt; Temp. 14° C. - until app. extract 4.5-3.5° P =&gt; Temp. 
               
               
                   
                 0° C. when diacetyl &lt;0.10 ppm - Fermentation time: 144-216 hrs (6-9 days) 
               
               
                 Lagering 
                 Temp.: 0° C. - Lagering time: 144-264 hrs (6-11 days) 
               
               
                 Beer filtration 
                 0.23 m 2  coated screen filter - Filter aids: pre-coat layer with 1.0 kg/m 2  of Hyflo 
               
               
                   
                 Super-Cel - Second pre-coat layer with 1.7 kg/m 2  of Diactiv 14 + 0.3 kg/m 2  of 
               
               
                   
                 cellulose fiber - Continuous dosing: same as 2nd pre-coat dosage, if necessary - 
               
               
                   
                 Beer turbidity: &lt;0.8 EBC - PVPP 4 g/hL - Sodium metabisulfite 1.5 g/hL 
               
               
                 Bright Beer 
                 Carbonation adjustment: 0.58 to 0.60% w/w - Original extract adjustment to 
               
               
                 Storage in 
                 11.4° P using degassed water - No foaming additives utilization 
               
               
                 Bright Beer Tank 
               
               
                 Packaging 
                 Automated glass bottles filling with crown corks closing - Pasteurization: 10-14 
               
               
                   
                 PU 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Barley Malt Quality: 
     Argentinian malt—2 rows barley
 
Barley varieties blend: Scarlett (70%)+Shakira (9%)+Paine (9%)+Sylphide (8%)+Prestige (4%)
 
The barley malt quality is reflected in Table 5:
 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Assay 
                 Result 
                 Specification 
                 Unit 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Moisture 
                 4.0 
                 Max. 5.0 
                 % 
               
               
                 Extract - fine ground 
                 81.8 
                 Min. 80.5 
                 % 
               
               
                 Extract difference 
                 1.2 
                 Max. 1.8 
                 % 
               
               
                 Saccharification time 
                 12 
                 Max. 15 min 
                 Minutes 
               
               
                 Viscosity 8.6% 
                 1.58 
                 Max. 1.58 
                 cP 
               
               
                 Protein 
                 10.2 
                 9.5 a 11.0 
                 u 
               
               
                 Soluble nitrogen 
                 656 
                 Min. 600 
                 mg/100 g malt 
               
               
                 Kalbach Index 
                 40 
                 Min. 36 
                 % 
               
               
                 Wort color 
                 6.0 
                 6.0-7.5 
                 EBC 
               
               
                 FAN 
                 136 
                 Min. 130 
                 mg/100 g malt 
               
               
                 Diastatic power 
                 301 
                 Min. 250 
                 WK 
               
               
                 Friability 
                 87 
                  80-87 
                 % 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Results: 
     Wort Parameters: 
     Control 1 and Test 1 presented similar results on wort sugar distribution as shown in Table 6. 
                                     TABLE 6                       Unit   Control 1   Test 1                                                            Sugar distr. DP1   %   8.29   8.63           Sugar distr. DP2   %   44.23   46.33           Sugar distr. DP3   %   19.51   17.65           Sugar distr. DP4   %   3.93   3.37           Sugar distr. DP5   %   1.97   2.15           Sugar distr. DP6   %   2.22   2.47           Sugar distr. DP7   %   1.89   1.99           Sugar distr. DP8   %   1.50   1.53           Sugar distr. DP9   %   1.34   1.30           Sugar distr. DP10+   %   14.60   13.88           Fructose   %   0.53   0.69                        
Control 3 and Tests 6 &amp; 7 also presented similar results on wort sugar distribution, showing no significant difference on wort quality as shown in Table 7.
 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Test 6 
                 Test 7 
               
               
                   
                 Unit 
                 Control 3 
                 H. Rice Prot. 
                 H. Pea Prot. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Sugar distr. DP1 
                 % 
                 9.02 
                 7.58 
                 9.02 
               
               
                 Sugar distr. DP2 
                 % 
                 44.36 
                 44.14 
                 44.36 
               
               
                 Sugar distr. DP3 
                 % 
                 18.54 
                 18.83 
                 18.54 
               
               
                 Sugar distr. DP4 
                 % 
                 3.70 
                 3.91 
                 3.70 
               
               
                 Sugar distr. DP5 
                 % 
                 2.07 
                 1.90 
                 2.07 
               
               
                 Sugar distr. DP6 
                 % 
                 2.22 
                 2.11 
                 2.22 
               
               
                 Sugar distr. DP7 
                 % 
                 1.78 
                 1.72 
                 1.78 
               
               
                 Sugar distr. DP8 
                 % 
                 1.47 
                 1.63 
                 1.47 
               
               
                 Sugar distr. DP9 
                 % 
                 1.52 
                 1.66 
                 1.52 
               
               
                 Sugar distr. DP10+ 
                 % 
                 14.79 
                 15.95 
                 14.79 
               
               
                 Fructose 
                 % 
                 0.53 
                 0.57 
                 0.53 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Fermentation Parameters: 
     The target value for VDKs for Test 1 (15 g/hL of the enzymatically hydrolyzed corn protein at 13.0° P Wort-original extract) was achieved 72 hours faster than Control 1 as shown in  FIG. 2 . 
     The target value for VDKs for Test 2 (10 g/hL of the enzymatically hydrolyzed corn protein at 13.0° P Wort-original extract) was achieved 48 hours faster than Control 1 as shown in  FIG. 3 . 
     The target value for VDKs for Test 3 (8 g/hL of the enzymatically hydrolyzed corn protein at 13.0° P Wort-original extract) was achieved 48 hours faster than Control 1 as shown in  FIG. 4 . 
     The target value for VDKs for Test 4 (10 g/hL of the enzymatically hydrolyzed corn protein at 18.9° P Wort-original extract) was achieved 38 hours faster than Control 2 as shown in  FIG. 5 . A lower VDK peak and faster diacetyl reduction was obtained for Test 4 (10 g/hL of the enzymatically hydrolyzed corn protein at 18.9° P Wort-original extract) compared to Control 2 (at 18.9° P Wort-original extract) as shown in  FIG. 6 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 7 , no significant difference in fermentation performance was detected based on a comparison of Test 5 (dosage point on wort boiling) and Test 2 (dosage on malt mashing). 
     The target value for VDKs for Test 6 (15 g/hL of the enzymatically hydrolyzed rice protein) was achieved 24 hours faster than Control 3 as shown in  FIG. 8 . 
     The target value for VDKs for Test 7 (15 g/hL of the enzymatically hydrolyzed pea protein) was achieved 48 hours faster than Control 3 as shown in  FIG. 9 . 
     Quality Evaluation—Wort and Beer Parameters: 
     As shown in  FIG. 10 , Control 1 and Test 1 have similar results and thus, beer quality was not negatively affected even for the faster fermentation time for the Test 1 brew. 
     As shown in  FIG. 11 , Control 3 and Tests 6 &amp; 7 have similar results and thus, beer quality was not negatively affected by hydrolyzed vegetable protein dosage. 
     As shown in  FIG. 12 , no significant color or bitterness differences were detected for wort and beer when comparing Test 1 to Control 1. 
     As shown in  FIG. 13 , no significant color or bitterness differences were detected for wort and beer when comparing Control 3 and Tests 6 &amp; 7. 
     Quality Evaluation—Diacetyl Content: 
     As shown in  FIG. 14 , Control 1 and Test 1 presented similar diacetyl contents, but the target value for VDKs was achieved by the Test 1 brew approximately 72 hours earlier than Control 1 and thus, positively affects the cellar efficiency and beer output. In  FIG. 14 , the bar to the left is the diacetyl on fermented beer and the bar to the right is the diacetyl on final or “ready to drink” product. 
     As shown in  FIG. 15 , Control 3 and Tests 6 &amp; 7 also presented similar diacetyl contents, but the target value for VDKs was achieved by Test 6 brew approximately 24 hours and 48 hours earlier than Control 3, respectively. 
     Quality Evaluation—Beer Parameters: 
     As shown in Table 8, Control 1 and Test 1 presented similar results and thus, the enzymatically hydrolyzed corn protein addition did not negatively influence the typical beer quality. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Quality parameter 
                 Unit 
                 Control 1 
                 Test 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Turbidity 
                 Fermented beer - 90° 
                 EBC 
                 39.20 
                 45.80 
               
               
                   
                 Fermented beer - 25° 
                 EBC 
                 71.30 
                 85.20 
               
               
                   
                 Final product - 90° 
                 EBC 
                 0.24 
                 0.41 
               
               
                   
                 Final product - 25° 
                 EBC 
                 0.16 
                 0.42 
               
               
                 Final 
                 Original extract 
                 ° P 
                 11.7 
                 11.9 
               
               
                 product 
                 Apparent extract 
                 ° P 
                 1.9 
                 2.1 
               
               
                   
                 Alcohol content 
                 % vol. 
                 5.2 
                 5.2 
               
               
                   
                 App. Degree Ferm. 
                 % 
                 84.9 
                 83.4 
               
               
                   
                 Specific gravity 
                   
                 1.00719 
                 1.00803 
               
               
                   
                 pH 
                   
                 4.2 
                 4.2 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As shown in Table 9, Control 3 and Tests 6 &amp; 7 also presented results consistent with the results for Control 1 and Test 1 and thus, the addition of the enzymatically hydrolyzed rice and pea proteins did not negatively influence the typical beer quality. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 9 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Quality parameter 
                 Unit 
                 Control 3 
                 Test 6 
                 Test 7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Turbidity 
                 Final product - 90° 
                 EBC 
                 0.80 
                 0.65 
                 0.48 
               
               
                   
                 Final product - 25° 
                 EBC 
                 0.19 
                 0.08 
                 0.37 
               
               
                 Final 
                 Original extract 
                 ° P 
                 10.4 
                 9.8 
                 11.5 
               
               
                 product 
                 Apparent extract 
                 ° P 
                 2.1 
                 2.0 
                 2.3 
               
               
                   
                 Alcohol content 
                 % vol. 
                 4.4 
                 4.0 
                 4.9 
               
               
                   
                 App. Degree Ferm. 
                 % 
                 80.8 
                 79.9 
                 80.7 
               
               
                   
                 pH 
                   
                 4.0 
                 4.2 
                 4.0 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Foam Quality—Retention Time Evaluation (Analytica EBC Method—Nibem Foam Tester): 
     As shown in  FIG. 16 , head retention in Test 1 brew was 20 seconds longer than Control 1 brew or 11.4% higher, and thus, addition of the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein utilization positively influenced the foam quality in the Test 1 brew. 
     Foam Quality—Sensory Evaluation: 
     As shown in  FIGS. 17 a , 17 b , and 17 c   , the Test 1 brew presented better foam quality expressed as good head formation, small bubbles and lacing formation compared with the Control 1 brew and thus, confirmed that addition of the enzymatically hydrolyzed vegetable protein utilization positively influenced the foam quality in Test 1 brew.  FIG. 17 a    shows the Test 1 and Control 1 brews after 8 seconds;  FIG. 17 b    shows the Test 1 and Control 1 brews after 1 minute, 1 second; and  FIG. 17 c    shows the Test 1 and Control 1 brews after 4 minutes, 1 second. 
     While a number of embodiments or aspects of the present invention have been described, it is understood that these embodiments are illustrative only, and not restrictive, and that many modifications may become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Further still, the various steps may be carried out in any desired order (and any desired steps may be added and/or any desired steps may be eliminated).