Patent Publication Number: US-9899426-B2

Title: Dual data structure for high resolution and refresh rate

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/327,347, filed Apr. 25, 2016, which is incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Field 
     Embodiments described herein relate to an active matrix display, and more specifically to a display backplane and pixel elements including stacked data lines. 
     Background Information 
     An active matrix display backplane for liquid crystal displays (LCD) may include pixel electrodes, scanning lines, data lines, and pixel element transistors for selectively driving the pixel electrodes. A driving sequence generally includes sending scan signals to the pixel element transistors, and sending data image signals from the data lines to the pixel element transistors. As display resolution and refresh rates continue to increase, there is a drive to reduce charging time associated with the data image signals in order to mitigate moving image motion blur. One proposed solution has been to shift from silicon based thin film transistors to higher mobility oxide based thin film transistors. Another proposed solution has been to include multiple banks of data lines. 
     SUMMARY 
     Embodiments describe display backplanes and pixel element structures. In an embodiment, a display backplane includes a first pair of stacked data lines including a first lower data line and a first upper data line over the first lower data line, and a second pair of stacked data lines including a second lower data line and a second upper data line over the second lower data line. A column of pixel electrodes is located between the first and second pairs of stacked data lines, and a left edge of each pixel electrode is separated from the first lower data line by approximately a same distance as a right edge of the pixel electrode is separated from the second vertical data line. 
     In an embodiment, a display backplane pixel element includes a first pair of stacked data lines including a first lower data line and a first upper data line over the first lower data line, a second pair of stacked data lines including a second lower data line and a second upper data line over the second lower data line, and a pixel electrode between the first lower data line and the second lower data line. A left edge of the pixel electrode may be separated from the first lower data line by approximately a same distance as a right edge of the pixel electrode is separated from the second lower data line. 
     In accordance with embodiments, the dual data line stack up structure may reduce charging time for writing a data signal, with no aperture ratio loss of the pixel electrodes in the horizontal direction. All transistors channels may be defined by the same metal layer for uniform gate-source capacitance, C GS , across the display backplane. Additionally, parasitic coupling capacitance may be matched between the pixel electrode and the stacked data lines on the left and right sides of the pixel electrodes. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic top view illustration of a display backplane in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic top view illustration of a pair of bottom gate electrodes adjacent a pixel element in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic top view illustration of a first metal layer including lower data lines and transistor source/drain contacts in accordance with an embodiment 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic top view illustration of a pair of pixel contact openings and a bridge contact opening formed in a planarization layer in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic top view illustration of a second metal layer including upper data lines formed over the lower data lines, pixel contacts, and a bridge contact in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic top view illustration of a pixel electrode formed over a pixel contact within a pixel element in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 7A  is a schematic top view illustration of a pixel element in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 7B  is a schematic cross-sectional side view illustration taken along line X-X of  FIG. 7A  illustrating stacked data lines in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 7C  is a schematic cross-sectional side view illustration taken along line Y-Y of  FIG. 7A  illustrating a pixel electrode formed within a pixel contact opening and in contact with a pixel contact in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 8A  is a schematic top view illustration of a pixel element in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 8B  is a schematic cross-sectional side view illustration taken along line X-X of  FIG. 8A  illustrating a pixel electrode formed within a pixel contact opening and in contact with a pixel contact in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 8C  is a schematic cross-sectional side view illustration taken along line Y-Y of  FIG. 8A  illustrating a pixel electrode formed within a pixel contact opening and in contact with a pixel contact, and a bridge contact formed within a bridge contact opening and on a drain contact in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 9  is a block diagram of one embodiment of a system that generally includes one or more computer-readable mediums, processing system, Input/Output (I/O) subsystem, radio frequency (RF) circuitry and audio circuitry. 
         FIG. 10  shows another example of a device according to an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Embodiments describe display backplanes and pixel element structures. In an embodiment, a display backplane includes a first pair of stacked data lines including a first lower data line and a first upper data line over the first lower data line, and a second pair of stacked data lines including a second lower data line and a second upper data line over the second lower data line. A column of pixel electrodes is located between the first and second pairs of stacked data lines, and a left edge of each pixel electrode is separated from the first lower data line by approximately a same distance as a right edge of the pixel electrode is separated from the second vertical data line. 
     In one aspect, embodiments describe a dual data line stack up structure which may reduce charging time from writing a data signal, and allow for implementation into displays with higher refresh rates (e.g. 120 Hz and higher) and higher resolutions. In an embodiment, every odd pixel electrode in a column of pixel electrodes is connected to a first column of transistors and the first lower data line, and every even pixel electrode in the column of pixel electrodes is connected to a second column of transistors and the second upper data line. In this manner, two adjacent pixel electrodes within the column of pixel electrodes are operated by transistors connected to different stacked data lines. 
     In one aspect, embodiments describe a dual data line stack up structure that may be implemented with no aperture ratio loss of the pixel electrodes in the horizontal direction due to the dual data line stack up. 
     In another aspect, embodiments describe a pixel element structure including vertical direction transistor channels, extending parallel to the stacked data lines. In addition, all transistor channels may be defined by the same metal layer, which can also form the lower data lines. As a result, gate-source capacitance, C GS , of the transistors is consistent across the whole display backplane, and any error caused my misalignment of the patterned metal layer is uniform. Uniform gate-source capacitance may additionally mitigate any kickback voltage difference between even and odd lines. 
     In yet another aspect, embodiments describe a symmetric pixel element structure in which a left edge of each pixel electrode is separated from the first lower data line by approximately a same distance as a right edge of the pixel electrode is separated from the second lower data line opposite the first lower data line. As a result, first parasitic coupling capacitance between pixel electrode and the first lower data line on the left (C DP   _   L ) matches a second parasitic coupling capacitance between the pixel electrode and the second lower data line on the right (C DP   _   R ) when simultaneously writing data signals through the stacked data lines. 
     In various embodiments, description is made with reference to figures. However, certain embodiments may be practiced without one or more of these specific details, or in combination with other known methods and configurations. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth, such as specific configurations, dimensions and processes, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. In other instances, well-known semiconductor processes and manufacturing techniques have not been described in particular detail in order to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments. Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, configuration, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, configurations, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. 
     The terms “above”, “over”, “to”, “between”, “spanning” and “on” as used herein may refer to a relative position of one layer with respect to other layers. One layer “above”, “over”, “spanning” or “on” another layer or bonded “to” or in “contact” with another layer may be directly in contact with the other layer or may have one or more intervening layers. One layer “between” layers may be directly in contact with the layers or may have one or more intervening layers. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 1  a cross-sectional side view illustration is provided of a display backplane  100  in accordance with an embodiment. As shown, the display backplane may include one or more scan drivers  162  connected to rows of scan lines  164 , and one or more data drivers  160 ,  161  connected to columns of stacked data lines, including lower data lines  110  and upper data lines  120  directly over the lower data lanes  110 . In an embodiment, a data driver  160  is connected to lower data lines  110 , while data driver  161  is connected to upper data lines  120 . As shown, columns of pixel electrodes  130  are located between columns of stacked data lines. In accordance with embodiments, each pixel element  125  may include a single pixel electrode  130 . For example, each pixel element  125  may correspond to a subpixel, such as a red-emitting, green-emitting, or blue-emitting subpixel in an RGB pixel arrangement. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , each pixel element  125  may include a first pair of stacked data lines, a second pair of stacked data lines, and a pixel electrode  130  between the first and second pairs of stacked data lines. In an embodiment, a left edge  131 A of each pixel electrode  130  is separated from the first lower data line  110  (e.g. to the left of the pixel electrode  130 ) by approximately a same distance as a right edge  131 B of the pixel electrode  130  is separated from the second lower data line  110  (e.g. to the left of the pixel electrode  130 ). 
     In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the display backplane  100  includes a first column of transistors  140  between the first and second pairs of stacked data lines, and a second column of transistors  150  between the first and second pairs of stacked data lines. As shown, every odd pixel electrode  130  (e.g. every odd row of pixel electrodes  130 ) is connected to the first column of transistors  140 , and every even pixel electrode (e.g. every even row of pixel electrodes  130 ) is connected to the second column of transistors  150 . In turn, a first lower data line  110  (e.g. to the left) may be connected to the first column of transistors  140 , while a second lower data line  110  (e.g. to the right) may be connected to the second column of transistors  150 . The first column of transistors  140  may be located closer to the first lower data line  110  (e.g. to the left) than to the second lower data line  110  (e.g. to the right), while the second column of transistors  150  may be located closer to the second lower data line (e.g. to the right) than to the first lower data line (e.g. to the left). 
     In accordance with embodiments, the source and drain contacts for the first and second columns of transistors  140 ,  150 , as well as the lower data lines  110  may be fabricated from the same metal layer. Additionally, the transistors  140 ,  150  may be vertical transistors, each with an axis between the source and drain contacts running parallel to the stacked data lines. Additionally, the vertical transistors may be bottom gate transistors. In accordance with embodiments, the upper data lines  120  may be fabricated from a second metal layer, which may additionally include bridge contacts to the transistors  150 . 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 2-6 , schematic top view illustrations are provided for a method of fabricating adjacent pixel elements  125  with stacked data lines in accordance with embodiments. Specifically,  FIGS. 2-6  illustrate connecting the transistors  140 ,  150  of adjacent pixel elements  125  with the stacked data lines including lower data lines  110 A (left),  110 B (right) and upper data lines  120 A (left),  120 B (right).  FIGS. 7A-7C , and  FIGS. 8A-8C  illustrate various schematic top view and schematic cross-sectional side view illustrations of completed adjacent pixel elements  125  in accordance with embodiments. In interests of clarity and conciseness, the portions of the description of  FIGS. 2-6  may be made with reference to features only illustrated in FIGS.  FIGS. 7A-7C , and  FIGS. 8A-8C . 
       FIG. 7C  is a schematic cross-sectional side view illustration taken along line Y-Y of  FIG. 7A  illustrating a pixel electrode  130  formed within a pixel contact opening  182  and in contact with a pixel contact  122  on transistor  150  source contact  156  in accordance with an embodiment.  FIG. 8B  is a schematic cross-sectional side view illustration taken along line X-X of  FIG. 8A  illustrating a pixel electrode  130  formed within a pixel contact opening  182  and in contact with a pixel contact  122  on transistor  140  source contact  146  in accordance with an embodiment.  FIG. 8C  is a schematic cross-sectional side view illustration taken along line Y-Y of  FIG. 8A  illustrating a pixel electrode  206  formed within a pixel contact opening  182  and in contact with a pixel contact  122  on transistor  150  source contact  156 , and a bridge contact  124  formed within a bridge contact opening  184  and on transistor  150  drain contact  158  in accordance with an embodiment. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , an array of gates  142 ,  152  are formed on a display substrate  200 , such as a glass substrate for example. Gates  142 ,  152  may be connected with scan lines  164  as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . Gates  142 ,  152  and scan lines  164  may be formed of conductive materials including metals such as, aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, etc. An insulating film  170  is then formed over the gates  142 ,  152  as illustrated in  FIGS. 7B-7C  and  FIGS. 8B-8C . Exemplary insulating films  170  include silicon oxide, silicon nitride, etc. Referring now also to  FIG. 3 , a semiconductor layer  144  is then patterned over the gates  142 ,  152 . Semiconductor layer  144  may be formed using semiconductor materials such as n-type or p-type amorphous silicon, or a metal oxide material such as indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), which may be characterized by a higher electron mobility than amorphous silicon. 
     Following the formation of semiconductor layer  144 , a first metal layer is formed including source contacts  146 ,  156  and drain contacts  148 ,  158 . The first lower data line  110 A, and second lower data line  110 B may additionally be formed in the first metal layer, along with tie lines  115  that connect the drain contact  148  to the first lower data line  110 A. The first metal layer may be formed of conductive materials including metals such as, aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, titanium, etc. In accordance with embodiments, the transistors  140 ,  150  may be vertical transistors, each with an axis between the source contacts  146 ,  156  and drain contacts  148 ,  158  running parallel to the first lower data line  110 A and second lower data line  110 B. In addition, all transistor channels within the semiconductor layer(s)  144  may be defined by the same first metal layer. As a result, gate-source capacitance, C GS , of the transistors  140 ,  150  is consistent across the whole display backplane  100 , and any error caused my misalignment of the patterned first metal layer is uniform. 
     Referring briefly to  FIGS. 7B-7C  and  FIGS. 8B-8C , a passivation layer  172  may then be formed over the semiconductor layer  144 , and first metal layer including the source contacts  146 ,  156 , drain contacts  148 ,  158 , lower data lines  110 A,  110 B, and tie lines  115 . In an embodiment, passivation layer  172  is formed of an insulating material such as silicon oxide. Following the formation of passivation layer  172 , a planarization layer  180  is formed over the underlying structure. In an embodiment, the planarization layer  180  is formed of an inorganic material, including spin-on-glass (SOG), or an organic photoactive material (PAC) such as a resist, acrylic, etc. Now also referring to  FIG. 4 , pixel contact openings  182  and bridge contact openings  184  are formed through the planarization layer  180  and passivation layer  172  to contact the source contacts  146 ,  156  and drain contacts  158 , respectively. 
     In accordance with embodiments, the pixel contact openings  182  are formed over each transistor  140 ,  150 , to expose the source contacts  146 ,  156 . Thus, the pixel contact openings  182  are formed in each pixel element  125  in the display backplane  100 , in both odd and even lines/rows. In an embodiment, the bridge contact openings  184  are formed over only the transistors  150  to expose the drain contacts  158 . In an embodiment, the bridge contact openings  184  are formed only over the transistors in the even lines/rows. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 5  along with  FIGS. 7B-7C  and  FIGS. 8B-8C , a second metal layer is formed over the patterned planarization layer  180  to form the upper data lines  120 , including upper data line  120 A and upper data line  120 B. As shown, the upper data lines  120  may be formed directly over the lower data lines  110 . The second metal layer may additional include bridge contacts  124  formed within the bridge contact openings  184  and on the drain contacts  158 , as well as bridge tie lines  127 . The second metal layer may additionally include pixel contacts  122  formed within the pixel contact openings  182  and on the source contacts  146 ,  156 . The second metal layer may be formed of conductive materials including metals such as, aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, titanium, etc. 
     A second planarization layer  190  may then be formed over the underlying structure. In an embodiment, the planarization layer  190  is formed of an organic photoactive material (PAC) such as a resist, acrylic, etc. In an embodiment, planarization layer  180  is formed of SOG material, while the second planarization layer  190  is formed of PAC material. In an embodiment, the SOG material is characterized by a lower dielectric contact than the PAC material, which may reduce data loading. Pixel openings  192  may then be formed through the planarization layer  190  over the pixel contact openings  182  to expose the pixel contacts  122 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 6  along with  FIGS. 7B-7C  and  FIGS. 8B-8C , following the formation of pixel openings  192  a common electrode layer  202  may be formed in each pixel element  25 , followed by the formation of liquid crystal layers  204  within the pixel elements  25 , and the formation of pixel electrodes  206 . For example, pixel electrodes  206  may be formed of a suitable transparent material, including conductive oxides such as indium-tin-oxide (ITO) and conductive polymers. While not specifically illustrated in  FIG. 6 , a pixel electrode  206  is formed within each pixel openings  192 , pixel contact openings  182 , and in contact with each pixel contact  122 . 
     In an embodiment, a display backplane pixel element  125  includes a first pair of stacked data lines including a first lower data line  110 A and a first upper data line  120 A over the first lower data line  110 A, a second pair of stacked data lines including a second lower data line  110 B and a second upper data line  120 B over the second lower data line  110 B, and a pixel electrode  130  between the first lower data line  110 A and the second lower data line  110 B. A left edge  131 A of the pixel electrode  130  may be separated from the first lower data line  110 A by approximately a same distance as a right edge  131 B of the pixel electrode  130  is separated from the second lower data line  110 B. 
     A bottom gate transistor  150  is located between the first and second lower data lines  110 A,  110 B. and a planarization layer  180  is over the bottom gate transistor  150  and the first and second lower data lines  110 A,  110 B. A bridge contact opening  184  may be formed in the planarization layer  180  over a drain contact  158  of the bottom gate transistor  150 , and a bridge contact  124  may be formed within the bridge contact opening  184 . In accordance with embodiments, the second upper data line  120 B may be physically connected to the bridge contact  124 . For example, the second upper data line  120 B and the bridge contact  124  may be formed of the same metal layer. In an embodiment, a pixel contact opening  182  is formed in the planarization layer  180  over a source contact  156  of the bottom gate transistor  150 , and a pixel contact  122  is on the source contact  156  and within the pixel contact opening  182 . 
     In an embodiment, the source contact  156  and drain contact  158  of the bottom gate transistor  150 , the first lower data line  110 A, and the second lower data line  120 B are all formed in the same metal layer. The bottom gate transistor may be a vertical transistor with an axis extending between the source and drain contacts  156 ,  158  and running parallel to the first and second pairs of stacked data lines. In an embodiment, the first upper data line  120 A, the second upper date line  120 B, and a bridge contact  124  that is one the drain contact  158  are formed of the same metal layer, with the bridge contact being physically connected to the second upper data line  120 B. In an embodiment, the pixel contact  122  is formed in the same metal layer as the first upper data line  120 A, the second upper date line  120 B, and the bridge contact  124 . 
     In an embodiment, a method of operating an active matrix display includes simultaneously writing a first data signal to a first transistor  140  from a first lower data line  110 A, and a second data signal to a second transistor  150  from a second upper data line  120 B. The active matrix display may include a backplane  100  including a first pair of stacked data lines including the first lower data line  110 A and a first upper data line  120 A over the first lower data line  110 A, and a second pair of stacked data lines including a second lower data line  110 B and the second upper data line  120 B over the second lower data line  110 B. The first transistor  140  and a second transistor  150  are between the first and second pairs of stacked data lines, and a first pixel electrode  130  and a second pixel electrode  130  are in a column of pixel electrodes  130  between the first and second pairs of stacked data lines. In accordance with embodiments, a first parasitic coupling capacitance between the first and second pixel electrodes and the first lower data line, C DP   _   L , matches a second parasitic coupling capacitance between the first and second pixel electrodes and the second lower data line, C DP   _   R , when simultaneously writing the first and second data signals. In accordance with embodiments, the write time for the first data signal and the second data signal is less than 6.0 microseconds, less than 2.0 microseconds, or even less than 1.0 microsecond. In accordance with embodiments, a first gate-source capacitance, C GS , of the first transistor  140  is equal to a second gate-source capacitance, C GS , of the second transistor  150 . 
     In some embodiments, the methods, systems, backplanes and pixel elements of the present disclosure can be implemented in various devices including electronic devices, consumer devices, data processing devices, desktop computers, portable computers, wireless devices, cellular devices, tablet devices, display screens, televisions, handheld devices, multi touch devices, multi touch data processing devices, wearable devices, any combination of these devices, or other like devices.  FIG. 9  and  FIG. 10  illustrate examples of a few of these devices. 
     Attention is now directed towards embodiments of a system architecture that may be embodied within any portable or non-portable device including but not limited to a communication device (e.g., mobile phone, smart phone, smart watch, wearable device), a multi-media device (e.g., MP3 player, TV, radio), a portable or handheld computer (e.g., tablet, netbook, laptop), a desktop computer, an All-In-One desktop, a peripheral device, a television, or any other system or device adaptable to the inclusion of system architecture, including combinations of two or more of these types of devices. 
       FIG. 9  is a block diagram of one embodiment of the system  900  that generally includes one or more computer-readable mediums  901 , processing system  904 , Input/Output (I/O) subsystem  906 , radio frequency (RF) circuitry  908  and audio circuitry  910 . These components may be coupled by one or more communication buses or signal lines  903  (e.g.,  903 - 1 ,  903 - 2 ,  903 - 3 ,  903 - 4 ,  903 - 5 ,  903 - 6 ,  903 - 7 ,  908 - 8 ). 
     It should be apparent that the architecture shown in  FIG. 9  is only one example architecture of system  900 , and that system  900  could have more or fewer components than shown, or a different configuration of components. The various components shown in  FIG. 9  can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware or any combination thereof, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits. 
     RF circuitry  908  is used to send and receive information over a wireless link or network to one or more other devices and includes well-known circuitry for performing this function. RF circuitry  908  and audio circuitry  910  are coupled to processing system  904  via peripherals interface  916 . Interface  916  includes various known components for establishing and maintaining communication between peripherals and processing system  904 . Audio circuitry  910  is coupled to audio speaker  950  and microphone  952  and includes known circuitry for processing voice signals received from interface  916  to enable a user to communicate in real-time with other users. In some embodiments, audio circuitry  910  includes a headphone jack (not shown). 
     Peripherals interface  916  couples the input and output peripherals of the system to processing units  918  and computer-readable medium  901 . One or more processing units  918  communicate with one or more computer-readable mediums  901  via controller  920 . Computer-readable medium  901  can be any device or medium (e.g., storage device, storage medium) that can store code and/or data for use by one or more processing units  918 . Medium  901  can include a memory hierarchy, including but not limited to cache, main memory and secondary memory. The memory hierarchy can be implemented using any combination of RAM (e.g., SRAM, DRAM, DDRAM), ROM, FLASH, magnetic and/or optical storage devices, such as disk drives, magnetic tape, CDs (compact disks) and DVDs (digital video discs). Medium  901  may also include a transmission medium for carrying information-bearing signals indicative of computer instructions or data (with or without a carrier wave upon which the signals are modulated). For example, the transmission medium may include a communications network, including but not limited to the Internet (also referred to as the World Wide Web), intranet(s), Local Area Networks (LANs), Wide Local Area Networks (WLANs), Storage Area Networks (SANs), Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) and the like. 
     One or more processing units  918  run various software components stored in medium  901  to perform various functions for system  900 . In some embodiments, the software components include operating system  922 , communication module (or set of instructions)  924 , touch processing module (or set of instructions)  926 , graphics module (or set of instructions)  928 , and one or more applications (or set of instructions)  930 . In some embodiments, medium  901  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, medium  901  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
     Operating system  922  includes various procedures, sets of instructions, software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components. 
     Communication module  924  facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports  936  or via RF circuitry  908  and includes various software components for handling data received from RF circuitry  908  and/or external port  936 . 
     Graphics module  928  includes various known software components for rendering, animating and displaying graphical objects on a display surface. In embodiments in which touch I/O device  912  is a touch sensitive display (e.g., touch screen), graphics module  928  includes components for rendering, displaying, and animating objects on the touch sensitive display. The display backplane  100  and pixel elements  125  of the present design may be implemented with display system  970  which may be coupled with a display controller  1271  via communication link  972 . 
     One or more applications  930  can include any applications installed on system  900 , including without limitation, a game center application, a browser, address book, contact list, email, instant messaging, word processing, keyboard emulation, widgets, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, voice replication, location determination capability (such as that provided by the global positioning system (GPS)), a music player, etc. 
     Touch processing module  926  includes various software components for performing various tasks associated with touch I/O device  912  including but not limited to receiving and processing touch input received from I/O device  912  via touch I/O device controller  932 . 
       FIG. 10  shows another example of a device according to an embodiment of the disclosure. This device  1000  may include one or more processors, such as microprocessor(s)  1002 , and a memory  1004 , which are coupled to each other through a bus  1006 . The device  1000  may optionally include a cache  1008  which is coupled to the microprocessor(s)  1002 . The device may optionally include a storage device  1040  which may be, for example, any type of solid-state or magnetic memory device. Storage device  1040  may be or include a machine-readable medium. 
     This device may also include a display controller and display device  1010  which is coupled to the other components through the bus  1006 . The display backplane  100  and pixel elements  125  of the present design may be implemented in the display device  1010  and display controller. 
     One or more input/output controllers  1012  are also coupled to the bus  1006  to provide an interface for input/output devices  1014  and to provide an interface for one or more sensors  1016  which are for sensing user activity. The bus  1006  may include one or more buses connected to each other through various bridges, controllers, and/or adapters as is well known in the art. The input/output devices  1014  may include a keypad or keyboard or a cursor control device such as a touch input panel. Furthermore, the input/output devices  1014  may include a network interface which is either for a wired network or a wireless network (e.g. an RF transceiver). The sensors  1016  may be any one of the sensors described herein including, for example, a proximity sensor or an ambient light sensor. In at least certain implementations of the device  1000 , the microprocessor(s)  1002  may receive data from one or more sensors  1016  and may perform the analysis of that data in the manner described herein. 
     In certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the device/system  1000  or  900  or combinations of device/system  1000 / 900  can be used to drive display data to a display device and implement at least some of the methods discussed in the present disclosure. 
     In utilizing the various aspects of the embodiments, it would become apparent to one skilled in the art that combinations or variations of the above embodiments are possible for forming display backplane with stacked data lines. Although the embodiments have been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the appended claims are not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described. The specific features and acts disclosed are instead to be understood as embodiments of the claims useful for illustration.