Patent Publication Number: US-7714242-B2

Title: Switch device

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-160841, filed on Jun. 9, 2006, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-295566, filed on Oct. 31, 2006, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to a switch device operated when activating various devices. 
   Generally, a rotary switch is rotated to activate, deactivate, or vary a control amount of an apparatus. Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2004-22301, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2004-220957, and Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-086059 disclose conventional rotary switches. A conventional rotary switch includes a click mechanism to ensure that an operator performs a switching operation and to provide the operator with a comfortable operation feel. For example, a mechanical click mechanism of a rotary switch includes an immovable member and a rotatable member. One of the immovable member and the rotatable member includes recesses, and the other one of the immovable member and the rotatable member includes projections. Engagement of at least one of the recesses and at least one of the projections produces operation resistance. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   A rotary switch varies the control amount of an apparatus in accordance with the rotational angle (rotation amount) of a knob. Thus, a rotary switch is effective for accurately adjusting the control amount of an apparatus. In the prior art, rotary switches have an operable rotational angle range of 120 degrees, 180 degrees, 270 degrees, 360 degrees, or 360 degrees or greater. The operable rotational angle range is been determined by adjusting the position at which a stopper is arranged or formed. The stopper engages an operation shaft supporting the knob to restrict the rotation of the operation shaft. Accordingly, plural types of rotary switches that differ from each other only in the operable rotational angle range are manufactured as different products. 
   Various types of rotary switch that differ only in the operable rotational angle range are required in a vehicle that requires many rotary switches to operate many devices. This increases the number of components and makes the management of components complicated. Therefore, there is a demand for a rotary switch having an improved versatility. 
   It is an object of the present invention to provide a versatile switch device that can be held at any operation position while enabling the setting of any operable rotation angle range. 
   One aspect of the present invention is a switch device for setting a control amount for an apparatus. The switch device includes a switch operation shaft movable between a plurality of operation positions for setting the control amount for the apparatus. A follower is driven to follow the movement of the switch operation shaft. An attraction member generates magnetic force attracting the follower so that the follower becomes immovable and holding the switch operation shaft at a single operation position. 
   A further aspect of the present invention is a switch device for setting a control amount for an apparatus. The switch device includes a casing, a switch operation shaft rotatably supported by the casing and rotated between a plurality of operation positions for setting the control amount for the apparatus, and a follower driven to follow the rotation of the switch operation shaft. An attraction member generates magnetic force attracting the follower so that the follower becomes immovable and holding the switch operation shaft at a single operation position. An elastic member, arranged between the attraction member and the casing, elastically fixes the attraction member to the casing. A click control mechanism attracts and non-attracts the switch operation shaft with the attraction member at a plurality of predetermined operation positions to generate a click with the switch operation shaft for each of the operation positions. 
   Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrating by way of example the principles of the invention. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention, together with objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description of the presently preferred embodiments together with the accompanying drawings in which: 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view showing a switch device according to a first embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view of the switch device of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram showing the electric circuit of the switch device of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view of a switch device according to a second embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 5A  is a graph showing the relationship between the rotational angle and the operation force of a switch operation shaft in the switch device of the second embodiment; and 
       FIG. 5B  is a graph showing the relationship between the rotational angle and the operation force of a switch operation shaft in the switch device of a comparative example. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   A switch device according to a first embodiment of the present invention will now be described. 
     FIGS. 1 and 2  show a switch device  1  used to operate a vehicle device arranged in a center cluster panel inside the passenger compartment of a vehicle. The switch device  1  includes a switch casing  2 . The switch casing  2  includes a box  2   a  and a lid  2   b . An electromagnet  3  functioning as an attraction member is fixed to the bottom of the switch casing  2  in a manner that it cannot be moved relative to the switch casing  2 . The electromagnet  3  includes a cylindrical-shaped core  3   a  and a coil  3   b  wound around the core  3   a . The electromagnet  3  generates magnetic force when current is supplied to the coil  3   b.    
   A switch operation shaft (hereafter simply referred to as the operation shaft)  4  functioning as a rotary shaft is rotatably supported in the switch casing  2 . The operation shaft  4  extends through a hole  2 C formed in the lid  2   b . The operation shaft  4  is rotatable about its axis. The operation shaft  4  is not axially movable. The operation shaft  4  has a distal end projecting out of the switch casing  2  and a basal end accommodated in the switch casing  2 . A knob  5  is fixed to the distal end of the operation shaft  4 . A follower plate  6  functioning as a follower is arranged on the basal end of the operation shaft  4 . The follower plate  6  is preferably made of a magnetic material. In the first embodiment, the follower plate  6  is made of steel. However, the follower plate  6  may be made of other magnetic materials. The follower plate  6  is fixed to the operation shaft  4  so as to rotate integrally with the operation shaft  4 . The follower plate  6  has a lower surface which is in contact with a magnetic pole surface of the core  3   a.    
   When an operator operates the knob  5  in a state in which the electromagnet  3  is inactive and not supplied with current, the follower plate  6  rotates integrally with the operation shaft  4 . This causes the lower surface of the follower plate  6  to move along the magnetic pole surface of the core  3   a  with friction and pressure. 
   When the coil  3   b  of the electromagnet  3  is supplied with current, the electromagnet  3  is activated to generate magnetic force. The magnetic force attracts the lower surface of the follower plate  6  to the magnetic pole surface of the core  3   a  such that the follower plate  6  becomes immovable. This holds the operation shaft  4  at the present position in an immovable manner. The magnetic attraction force generated by the electromagnet  3  to attract the operation shaft  4  is determined in advance. In one example, the magnetic attraction force is determined so that the operation shaft  4  does not rotate when the operator turns the knob  5  with a relatively weak force but rotates when the operator turns the knob  5  with a relatively strong force. In other words, the magnetic attraction force is determined in a manner that the operator can recognize the resistance produced by the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnet  3 . When recognizing the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnet  3 , the operator acknowledges that the operation shaft  4  has reached one of two limit positions defining the operable rotational angle range and that further rotation is restricted. Further, the operator may rotate the operation shaft  4  from one limit position towards the other limit position against the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnet  3 . The magnetic attraction force may be determined by conducting experiments to measure the relationship between the value of the current flowing to the coil  3   b  of the electromagnet  3  and the magnetic attraction force. 
   The follower plate  6  has an upper surface including a plurality of grooves  7 . The grooves  7  radially extend from the center of the follower plate  6  and are formed at equal intervals. 
   The lid  2   b  has a lower surface to which a base  11  having an accommodation hole  12  is fixed. A coil spring  14  elastically connects the base  11  to a positioning pin  13 , which has a generally semispherical distal end. The coil spring  14  urges the positioning pin  13  towards the upper surface of the follower plate  6 . 
   When the operation shaft  4  is turned in a state in which the positioning pin  13  is fitted into an opposing groove  7 , the positioning pin  13  is moved into the accommodation hole  12  against the urging force of the coil spring  14 . Then, the positioning pin  13  is moved over a ridge defined between two adjacent grooves  7  and fitted into the adjacent groove  7 . The operation force necessary to move over the ridge is transmitted via the follower plate  6 , the operation shaft  4 , and the knob  5  to the operator as operation resistance. Therefore, the operator receives the operation resistance whenever the positioning pin  13  moves over a ridge while turning the operation shaft  4 . Thus, the operator recognizes clicks when turning the operation shaft  4  even if the follower plate  6  is not attracted to the electromagnet  3 . The coil spring  14 , the positioning pin  13 , and the grooves  7  form a click mechanism or a positioning mechanism for producing operation resistance. 
   A switch detection circuit  26  (see  FIG. 3 ) for detecting the rotation of the operation shaft  4  and generating a detection signal corresponding to the rotation amount of the operation shaft  4  is arranged in the switch casing  2 . 
   A switch control circuit  20  for controlling the activation of the switch device  1  will now be discussed with reference to  FIG. 3 . The switch control circuit  20  includes a CPU  21 , a ROM  22 , a RAM  23 , and an interface  24 . The CPU  21  controls the drive of the electromagnet  3  in accordance with various programs stored in the ROM  22  using the RAM  23  as a working space. Further, the CPU  21  generates a control signal corresponding to the operation amount of the operation shaft  4  and provides the signal to an external device  25 . The two limit positions defining the operable rotational angle range of the operation shaft  4  are stored in the ROM  22 . The two limit positions are, for example, a home position and a maximum operation position, respectively. 
   The CPU  21  receives the detection signal, which corresponds to the rotation amount of the operation shaft  4 , from the switch detection circuit  26 . The CPU  21  calculates the rotation amount, that is, the operation position of the operation shaft  4 , from the detection signal in accordance with a program. If the calculated operation position is either one of the limit positions (home position or maximum operation position) stored in the ROM  22 , the CPU  21  provides an ON signal to the drive circuit  27 . The drive circuit  27  supplies the coil  3   b  of the electromagnet  3  with current in response to the ON signal. If the calculated operation position is located between the limit positions, the CPU  21  provides an OFF signal to the drive circuit  27 . The drive circuit  27  stops supplying current to the coil  3   b  of the electromagnet  3  in response to the OFF signal. 
   The CPU  21  generates a control signal corresponding to the calculated operation position. The control signal is provided to the external device  25  via the interface  24 . The external device  25  controls the activation of an apparatus (not shown) in accordance with the control signal. 
   The operation of the switch device  1  will now be discussed. 
   A state in which the operation shaft  4  is located at the home position, while the electromagnet  3  is attracted to the follower plate  6  will be discussed by way of example. When the operator rotates the knob  5  towards the other limit position (maximum operation position) against the attraction force of the electromagnet  3 , the switch detection circuit  26  provides the CPU  21  with a detection signal corresponding to the operation amount of the operation shaft  4 . 
   The CPU  21  calculates the rotation amount (operation position) of the operation shaft  4  from the detection signal. The CPU  21  then generates the control signal corresponding to the calculated operation position and provides the control signal to the external device  25  via the interface  24 . The CPU  21  determines whether or not the calculated operation position corresponds to one of the two limit positions (home position or maximum operation position) stored in the ROM  22 . If the calculated operation position does not correspond to any one of the limit positions, the CPU  21  provides the drive circuit  27  with an OFF signal to stop supplying current to the coil  3   b  of the electromagnet  3 . The follower plate  6  is then released from the attraction force of the electromagnet  3 . This enables the operator to operate the knob  5  freely from the attraction force of the electromagnet  3  while recognizing sharp clicks (or operation resistance) with the click mechanism. 
   When the knob  5  reaches the maximum operation position, the CPU  21  provides the drive circuit  27  with an ON signal to supply current to the coil  3   b  of the electromagnet  3 . The activated electromagnet  3  attracts the follower plate  6 . Thus, the operator recognizes the resistance force through the knob  5 . As a result, the operator becomes aware that the knob  5  has reached the maximum operation position and stops rotating the knob  5 . 
   Rotation from the maximum operation position towards the home position is performed in the same manner. 
   The first embodiment has the advantages described below. 
   (1) The switch device  1  of the first embodiment includes the follower plate  6 , which is fixed to the operation shaft  4  and made of magnetic material member, and the electromagnet  3 , which faces toward the follower plate  6  and which is fixed in the switch casing  2 . When the electromagnet  3  generates magnetic force, the follower plate  6  is attracted to and fixed to the electromagnet  3 . Thus, the follower plate  6  may be attracted to and fixed to the electromagnet  3  at any position by simply controlling the timing for supplying current to the electromagnet  3 . The operation shaft  4  may be held by the magnetic force at any operation position. As a result, the operable rotational angle range of the operation shaft  4  is variable. This increases the versatility of the switch device  1  enhances. 
   (2) The switch device  1  of the first embodiment uses the magnetic force of the electromagnet  3  to hold the operation shaft  4  at any operation position. The structure for magnetically holding the operation shaft  4  includes the electromagnet  3  arranged at the bottom of the switch casing  2  and the follower plate  6  located next to the electromagnet  3 . This is a very simple structure and contributes to further miniaturization of the switch device  1 . 
   (3) The switch device  1  of the first embodiment includes the ROM  22  for storing the holding positions of the operation shaft  4 . The operable rotational angle range of the operation range of the operation shaft  4  is set just by storing the holding positions in the ROM  22 . When necessary, the operable rotational angle range of the operation shaft  4  may be varied by replacing the ROM  22 . 
   (4) The switch device  1  of the first embodiment incorporates the click mechanism including the positioning pin  13 , which is urged towards the grooves  7  of the follower plate  6 . This enables the operator to recognize a click whenever the positioning pin  13  rides over a ridge between two adjacent grooves  7  when turning the knob  5 . 
   A switch device according to a second embodiment of the present invention will now be discussed focusing on differences from the first embodiment. 
   As shown in  FIG. 4 , the electromagnet  3  is arranged between the follower plate  6  and the lid  2   b  of the switch casing  2  in the switch device  1  of the second embodiment. Specifically, the operation shaft  4  extends through a hole  3   c  formed in the core  3   a  of the electromagnet  3 . Furthermore, the electromagnet  3  is fixed to the lid  2   b  by an elastic member  31 . The elastic member  31  is annular and made of rubber. When the electromagnet  3  receives force that rotates the operation shaft  4 , the elastic member  31  elastically deforms and permits slight rotation of the electromagnet  3  in the direction of the force rotating the operation shaft  4 . 
   When the knob  5  is turned to rotate the operation shaft  4  in a state in which the electromagnet  3  is inactive, the follower plate  6  is not attracted to the electromagnet  3 . Thus, the follower plate  6  rotates in cooperation with the operation shaft  4 . 
   When the operation shaft  4  is rotated in a state in which the electromagnet  3  is active, the follower plate  6  is attracted to the electromagnet  3  and slight rotation of the electromagnet  3  is permitted by the elastic deformation of the elastic member  31 . Thus, the follower plate  6  and the electromagnet  3  rotate integrally. Elastic reaction force increases as elastic deformation amount of the elastic member  31  increases. This gradually increases the operation force required to rotate the knob  5  when the electromagnet  3  is active. 
   The CPU  21  uses the change in the required operation force in order to produce clicks when the knob  5  is rotated. A control executed by the CPU  21  to produce clicks will now be discussed.  FIG. 5A  shows an operable rotational angle range of the knob  5  range defined between point P 0  and point P 9 . Five operation positions, namely, first operation position S 1  to fifth operation position S 5 , are set within the operable rotational angle range. The generation of clicks between operation positions S 1  to S 5  will now be discussed. 
   The CPU  21  inactivates the electromagnet  3  when the operation shaft  4  is located at the first operation position S 1 , second operation position S 2 , third operation position S 3 , fourth operation position S 4 , and fifth operation position S 5 . Thus, when the knob  5  is rotated, only the operation shaft  4  and the follower plate  6  rotate at each of operation positions S 1  to S 5 . In such cases, the operation force required to rotate the knob  5  is very small. 
   The CPU  21  activates the electromagnet  3  when the operation shaft  4  is located between the operation positions S 1  and S 5 , that is, between point P 1  and point P 2 , between point P 3  and point P 4 , between point P 5  and point P 6 , and between point P 7  and point P 8 . In such cases, the follower plate  6  is attracted to the electromagnet  3 . Thus, the follower plate  6  rotates with the electromagnet  3 . Rotation of the electromagnet  3  is permitted by the elastic deformation of the elastic member  31 . Thus, the operation force required to rotate the knob  5  at each of points P 1 , P 3 , P 5 , and P 7  is relatively small. However, as the operation shaft  4  approaches each of points P 2 , P 4 , P 6 , and P 8 , the elastic reaction force of the elastic member  31  increases and gradually increases the operation force required to rotate the knob  5 . When the operation shaft  4  reaches each of points P 2 , P 4 , P 6 , and P 8 , the CPU  21  inactivates the electromagnet  3  to release the follower plate  6  from the attraction of the electromagnet  3 . As a result, the elastic member  31  returns to the shape which it originally had prior to the elastic deformation, the electromagnet  3  returns to the position where it was located prior to the rotation, and the operation force required to rotate the knob  5  decreases suddenly. In this manner, the CPU  21  controls the attraction of the follower plate  6  with the electromagnet  3  to produce clicks when the knob  5  is rotated. The operation positions S 1  to S 5  correspond to the grooves  7  of the first embodiment, and the positions outside the operation positions S 1  to S 5  correspond to the ridges defined between two adjacent grooves  7  of the first embodiment. The CPU  21  functions as a click control circuit for controlling the operable rotational angle range of the operation shaft  4 . 
   The CPU  21  switches the electromagnet  3  to an inactive state when the operation force required to rotate the knob  5  reaches a predetermined operation force F, which is smaller than the maximum operation force Fmax. In other words, points P 2 , P 4 , P 6 , and P 8  are set at locations where the operation force required to rotate the knob  5  reaches the predetermined operation force F. The CPU  21  switches the electromagnet  3  to an inactive state at points P 2 , P 4 , P 6 , and P 8  so that the knob  5  can be rotated with the predetermined operation force F. The maximum operation force Fmax is the force at which the elastic member  31  reaches the limit of elastic deformation and the follower plate  6  starts to slide on the electromagnet  3 . 
   When the knob  5  is rotated to the limit position (point P 9 ) of the operable rotational angle range, the CPU  21  switches the electromagnet  3  to an active state. The CPU  21  maintains the electromagnet  3  in the active state even if the knob  5  is continuously rotated and the operation force required to rotate the knob  5  reaches the maximum operation force Fmax (point P 10 ). This enables the operator to become aware that the knob  5  has reached the limit position of the operable rotational angle range before rotating the knob  5  to the position indicated by point P 10 . 
   The following disadvantages would arise if the elastic member  31  were to be omitted and the electromagnet  3  were to be directly fixed to the lid  2   b  of the switch casing  2 . 
   As shown in  FIG. 5B , when the electromagnet  3  is activated at each resistance position (between P 1 -P 2 , between P 3 -P 4 , between P 5 -P 6 , and between P 7 -P 8 ) excluding operation positions S 1  to S 5 , the operation force of the knob  5  required for rotation between switch operation positions S 1  to S 5  becomes the maximum operation force Fmax. The operation force required to rotate the knob  5  is also the maximum operation force Fmax when the knob  5  is located at the limit position (point P 9 ) of the operable rotational angle range. Thus, a large operation force is constantly required for rotation between the operation positions S 1  to S 5 . This lowers the operability lowers and makes it difficult for an operator to become aware that the operation shaft  4  has reached the limit position of the operable rotational angle range. 
   The second embodiment has the advantages described below. 
   (5) When the follower plate  6  reaches an attraction initiation position (point P 1 , P 3 , P 5 , and P 7 ), the electromagnet  3  starts to attract the follower plate  6 . If the knob  5  is further rotated from the attraction initiation position, the electromagnet  3  is rotated following the knob  5 . This elastically deforms the elastic member  31  and gradually increases the reaction force applied to the knob  5 . The attraction of the follower plate  6  to the electromagnet  3  is released when the knob  5  reaches an attraction release position (point P 2 , P 4 , P 6 , and P 8 ). As a result, only the operation shaft  4  and the follower plate  6  move, the reaction force from the elastic member  31  is no longer applied to the knob  5 , the elastic member  31  is no longer elastically deformed, and the electromagnet  3  returns to the position it was originally located prior to following the rotation of the knob  5 . Thus, the activation and inactivation control of the electromagnet  3  produces clicks when rotating the knob  5  (operation shaft  4 ). The attraction initiation position and the attraction release position may easily be varied through the activation and inactivation control of the electromagnet  3 . This further improves the versatility of the switch device  1 . 
   (6) Instead of using a non-attraction type click mechanism (i.e., grooves  7 , positioning pin  13 , etc.) of the first embodiment, the second embodiment uses an attraction type click mechanism that includes the elastic member  31  and controls the activation and inactivation of the electromagnet  3 . Thus simplifies the structure of the switch device  1  and ensures that clicks are produced. 
   (7) The rubber elastic member  31  is arranged between the electromagnet  3  and the switch casing  2 . Thus, clicks are produced with a simple structure when rotating the knob  5  (operation shaft  4 ). 
   (8) The elastic member  31  is arranged between the electromagnet  3  and the switch casing  2 . Thus, if the knob  5  is rotated when the follower plate  6  is attracted to the electromagnet  3 , the electromagnet  3  is rotated by a tolerable elastic deformation amount of the elastic member  31 . When the knob  5  is released from the operation force, the knob  5  returns to its original position together with the electromagnet  3 . By using such action, the switch device  1  may be employed as a momentary switch device. 
   It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Particularly, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in the following forms. 
   The operable rotational angle of the knob  5  (operation shaft  4 ) is not particularly limited in the switch device  1  of each embodiment and may be changed as required to 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 120 degrees, 180 degrees, 270 degrees, 360 degrees, or 360 degrees or greater (e.g., 450 degrees). 
   In the switch device  1  of each embodiment, the holding positions are not limited to two positions and may be three positions. For instance, a second holding position in the clockwise direction and a third holding position in the counterclockwise direction with respect to the home position (first holding position) may be set. In this case, the operable rotational angle range in the clockwise direction and the operable rotational angle range in the counterclockwise direction may be set based on the home position to be the same or to differ from each other. 
   The switch device  1  of the first embodiment incorporates the click mechanism including the grooves  7  formed in the upper surface of the follower plate  6 , the positioning pin  13  elastically pushed into the grooves  7  by the coil spring  14 , and the like. However, the present invention may be applied to a switch device that does not incorporate a click mechanism. 
   The switch device  1  discusses in each embodiment is a rotary switch device in which the operation shaft  4  is rotated by the knob  5 . However, the switch device  1  may be applied to a slide switch device in which a switch operation shaft slides to switch operation positions. 
   In the switch device  1  of each embodiment, the entire follower plate  6  is formed by a magnetic material member. Instead, a plate made of a magnetic material (e.g., steel plate) may be attached to the lower surface of a plate made of a synthetic resin or the like. 
   The switch device  1  of the first embodiment includes the electromagnet  3 , which is arranged on the lower surface of the follower plate  6 . However, the electromagnet  3  may be arranged on the upper surface of the follower plate  6  in the same manner as in the second embodiment. Furthermore, in the switch device  1  of the second embodiment, the electromagnet  3  may be arranged on the lower surface of the follower plate  6  or between the follower plate  6  and the bottom of the box  2   a  of the switch casing  2  like in the first embodiment. 
   The elastic member  31  does not necessarily need to be made of rubber in the second embodiment and may be made of, for example, a spring material. However, rubber is preferable for simplifying the structure. 
   In the second embodiment, the CPU  21  controls the activation and inactivation of the electromagnet  3  within the operable rotational angle range of the knob  5  to produce clicks when the knob  5  is rotated. However, the CPU  21  does not necessarily have to control the generation of such clicks and may control only the two limit positions of the operational rotational angle range of the knob  5 . 
   In the second embodiment, the CPU  21  may perform only the control for generating clicks during rotation of the knob  5  and does not need to perform the control of the two limit positions of the operational rotational angle range of the knob  5 . 
   The elastic member  31  is formed by a single rubber member having a generally annular shape. However, the elastic member  31  is not limited to such shape and may be formed by a plurality of plates. In other words, the elastic member  31  may have any shape. Furthermore, the elastic member  31  may be arranged between the outer surface of the electromagnet  3  and the inner surface of the box  2   a  of the switch casing  2 . Further, in addition to vehicle devices, such as a car navigation system, an air conditioner system, an audio system, the switch device  1  may be used for other devices such as electronic consumer products. 
   The lower surface of the follower plate  6  may be slightly spaced apart from the magnetic pole surface of the core  3   a  when the electromagnet  3  is in an inactivated state. 
   The present examples and embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the invention is not to be limited to the details given herein, but may be modified within the scope and equivalence of the appended claims.