Patent Publication Number: US-2012042423-P1

Title: Phytophthora Nejat-Spina

Description:
CHAPTER 1 
     Introduction 
     1.1 Definition of  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina    
       Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  is a plant symptoms, detected as a root rot in sapling of  Ziziphus spina - christi,  a plant that is growing up in a small town “Kazeroon” in state of Fars in Iran.  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  was discovered as a new species in the kingdom of Stramenopila, phylum of Oomycota, class of Pythiales, genus of  Phytophthora,  and belong to the family of Pythiaceae. 
    
    
     1.2 Microbiological Characteristics 
     Sporangium
         papilla    Sporangium papilla is long papilla and Positive and varies from 2.87 to 12 μm.   shape    varying form, ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, ovoid-sphericale. One apex. Caducous sporangia.   size    The length changes from 34 to 58.88 μm and the width changes from 19.62 to 36.37 μm.       

     Sporangiophore
         Sporangiophore is simple sympodium, external proliferation, un-branched, and sometimes botryose clump Sporangiophore.       

     Chlamydospores
         Production    They are terminal Chlamydospores.   size    Varying from 20.92 to 38.58 μm.   wall thickness    There is no data       

     Sex Organs
         This Spices is homotallic. Oogonia are small globose with tapered base. The antheridia are amphigynous and average 10.36 to 16.38 μm. Also anthridia are paragunous and average 7.99 to 9.82 μm with club shaped for paragynous and spherical shapes for amphigynous.       

     1.3 Special Characteristics 
     Multi antherudia
         it is very unique.       

     Oospores
         Range from 29.42×31.54 μm. The Oospores for this species is aplerotic.       

     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE 1.1 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Diseases caused by  Phytophthora Nejat-Spina ; positive  
               
               
                 means occupance and negative means not occupance 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Range of hosts 
                 Disease 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 
                   Malus 
                   Domestica 
                 
                 Negative 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Juglans 
                   regia 
                 
                 Negative 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Prunus 
                   Sp 
                 
                 Negative 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Prunus 
                   dulcis 
                 
                 Negative 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Lycopesicum 
                   esculentum 
                 
                 Positive 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Pistacia 
                   vera 
                 
                 Positive 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Citrus 
                   aurantum 
                 
                 Positive 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Mespilus 
                   germanica 
                 
                 Positive 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Vicia 
                   Sativa 
                 
                 Positive 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Cucurbita 
                   pepo 
                 
                 Positive 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Solanum 
                   melongena 
                 
                 Positive 
               
               
                   
                   Solanum   tuberosum  (potato) 
                 Positive 
               
               
                   
                   Cucamis   Sativas  (Cucamber) 
                 Positive 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     1.4 Symptoms Indications in Some Plants 
     In the table 1.1 the occupance of  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  has been investigated and were shown. Sporangiophore is simple sympodium, external proliferation, un-branched, and sometimes botryose clump Sporangiophore. 
     Sporangium
         papilla    Sporangium papilla is long papilla and Positive and varies from 2.87 to 12 μm.   shape    varying form, ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, ovoid-sphericale. One apex. Caducous sporangia.   size    The length changes from 34 to 58.88 μm and the width changes from 19.62 to 36.37 μm.       

     Picture scale 400 times of real size. Range from 29.42×31.54 μm. The Oospores for this species is aplerotic. 
     1.5 Comparison 
     In the  FIG. 2.1 , the  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  is compared with two other spices  Phytophthora arecae  and  Phytophthora palmivora.  In the  FIG. 2.2 , the  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  is compared with three other spices  Phytophthora Porri, Phytophthora Sojae,  and  Phytophthora Megasperma.    
     LIST OF FIGURES 
     2.1 Comparing the  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  with two other spices  Phytophthora arecae  and  Phytophthora palmivora.    
     2.2 Comparing the  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  with three other spices  Phytophthora  Porri, Phytophthora Sojae,  and  Phytophthora Megasperma.    
     3.1 Sporangium with medium pedicle in solid media, picture scale 400 times of real size. 
     3.2 Illustration of sporangium in sterile water with cannabis. 
     3.3 Illustration of sporangium in sterile water with cannabis. 
     3.4 Illustration of sporangium in sterile water with cannabis. 
     3.5 Illustration of Long papilla sporangium in sterile water with cannabis. 
     3.6 Illustration of Sporangium with medium pedicle in solid media with chlamidospore. 
     4.1 Illustration of Oospores with amphigynous antheridium in Carrot Agar media. 
     4.2 Illustration of chlamidospore with hyphal swelling at the bottom). 
     4.3 Illustration of Oogonia with tapered base. 
     4.4 Illustration of Oospor with paragynous antheridium. 
     4.5 Illustration of Aplerotic Oospores. 
     4.6 Illustration of Oospor with multi paragynous antheridium (that is very unique between  Phytophthora&#39;s  species). 
     4.7 Illustration of Oospor with paragynous antheridium. 
     4.8 Illustration of Oospor with multi paragynous antheridium (that is very unique between  Phytophthora&#39;s  species). 
     5.1 Illustration of terminal chlamidospore. 
     5.2 Illustration of terminal chlamidospore. 
     5.3 Illustration of terminal chlamidospore. 
     5.4 Illustration of chlamidospore and sporangium that observed in hem seed agar together. 
     5.5 Illustration of hyphal swelling. 
     5.6 Illustration of hyphal swelling. 
     5.7 Illustration of hyphal swelling. 
     5.8 Illustration of mycelium. 
     5.9 Illustration of mycelium. 
     5.10 Illustration of mycelium. 
     6.1 Illustration of cultivation samples. 
     6.2 Illustration of cultivation sample. 
     6.3 Illustration of cultivation samples, from left: 1—hemp seed agar, 2—carrot agar, 3—water agar. 
     6.4 Illustration of cultivation samples, from up left: CMA (CORN MEDIA AGAR), CA (CARROT AGAR), PCA (POTATO CARROT AGAR), HAS (HEMP SEED AGR), WA (WATER AGAR), PARP-CMA, PDA (POTATO AGAR). 
     6.5 Illustration of affects of  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  on Zucchini, in above pictures the upright is a healthy Zucchini and the rest of them are affected by  Phytophthora Nejat Spina.    
     6.6 Illustration of affects of  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  on eggplant. 
     6.7 Illustration of affects of  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  on potato. 
     6.8 Illustration of affects of  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  on tomato plant. 
     6.9 Illustration of affects of  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  on tomato plant. 
     6.10 Illustration of affects of  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  on tomato plant. 
     6.11 Illustration of affects of  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  on  Mespilus germanica  plant. 
     6.12 Illustration of affects of  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  on Christ-thorn plant. 
     6.13 Illustration of before of affects of  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  on Christ-thorn plant, they are healthy. 
     6.14 Illustration of affects of  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  on Christ-thorn plant. 
     6.15 Illustration of affects of  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  on Christ-thorn plant. 
     6.16 Illustration of affects of  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  on Christ-thorn plant. 
     6.17 Illustration of affects of  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  on Christ-thorn plant. 
     6.18 Illustration of affects of  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  on pistachio plant.