Patent Publication Number: US-6040927-A

Title: Color halftoning options influenced by print-mode setting

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This is a file-wrapper continuation of Ser. No. 08/187,933, filed Jan. 27, 1994, and now abandoned. 
     Related applications which are assigned to the assignee of the present application and incorporated here by reference as follows: Atty Docket 1094206-1 entitled ADAPTIVE COLOR RENDERING BY AN INKJET PRINTER BASED ON OBJECT TYPE, filed concurrently herewith in the names of Thomas G. Smith, et al., Ser. No. 08/189,006; Atty Docket 1094220-1 entitled MANUAL/AUTOMATIC USER OPTION FOR COLOR PRINTING OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF OBJECTS, filed concurrently herewith in the names of Sachin S. Naik, et al., Ser. No. 08/187,942; Atty Docket 1094173-1 entitled COLOR DIGITAL HALFTONING USING COLOR VECTOR DITHERING, filed concurrently herewith in the names of Alexander Perumal, Jr., et al., Ser. No. 08/187,935; Atty Docket 1094230-1 entitled COLOR DIGITAL HALFTONING USING COLOR VECTOR DITHERING AND BLACK AND SECONDARY COLOR REPLACEMENT, filed concurrently herewith in the names of Alexander Perumal, Jr., et al, Ser. No. 08/189,541; Atty Docket 1094210-1 entitled BI-LEVEL DIGITAL COLOR PRINTER SYSTEM EXHIBITING IMPROVED UNDERCOLOR REMOVAL AND ERROR DIFFUSION PROCEDURES, filed concurrently herewith in the names of Gary Dispoto, et al. Ser. No. 08/182,567; Atty Docket 1094120-1 entitled AUTOMATED OPTIMIZATION OF HARDCOPY OUTPUT, filed concurrently herewith in the names of Steven O. Miller, et al., Ser. No. 08/188,618; HALFTONE IMAGES USING PRINTED SYMBOLS MODELLING, filed May 3, 1993 in the name of Qian Lin, Ser. No. 08/57,244; and HALFTONE IMAGES USING SPECIAL FILTERS, filed May 11, 1993 in the name of Qian Lin, Serial No. 08/60,285. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates generally to color printing, and more specifically to printing different types of color objects in the same printout. 
     The use of color monitors for computers has accelerated the need for color printers which can produce a satisfactory printout of what is displayed on the screen. Part of the problem arises from the subjective nature of color. Color is a sensation produced by the combined effects of light, objects and human vision. A particular color or combination of colors may be appealing to one person while at the same time being offensive to another. 
     Another part of the problem arises from the different color technologies used in computer monitors and color printers. For example, computer monitors are based on a color gamut of red, green and blue pixels (RGB) while color printers such as inkjet printers are typically based on a color gamut of cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK). The RGB color components of computer monitors are combined together in an &#34;additive&#34; way by mixing red, green and blue light rays to form a first variety of different colors, while the CMYK components of color inks are applied to media in different combinations in a &#34;subtractive&#34; way to form a second variety of different colors. A number of different color management techniques have been used on order to provide some form of matching between the colors viewed on a computer monitor and the colors printed by a specific printer using a given ink formula on a particular type of media. Such color management techniques have also employed different types of halftoning in order to improve the color output of printers. 
     Desktop publishing software programs have created additional problems by allowing different types of objects to be combined together into a composite document, such as photographic images, business graphics (e.g., charts), and scalable text in both color and black. By skewing the printer color output to ensure satisfactory color printing of photographic images, the business graphics in the same document often appear washed out and lose their impact. By skewing the printer color output to ensure satisfactory color printing of saturated vivid colors for business graphics, the photographic image in the same document loses its lifelike appearance. 
     Some of the aforementioned color printing problems have been partially solved by providing manually controlled printer settings to get the best results available. In addition, sophisticated users who demand exact color matching between screen and printout have obtained some solutions through color management software incorporated in the computer operating system as well as color management software incorporated into third party software applications. Also, some color matching technology has been incorporated into printer drivers which provide the translation interface between a particular computer and/or software application running in the computer and a color printer which acts as a hardcopy output device. 
     However, there is a need for better color management technology which allows for either automatic or customized settings respecting color correction as well as halftoning, and which allows different color schemes to be used for different types of objects such as photo images, business graphics, color text, and black text. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A method for providing alternative halftone techniques used for the same types of objects to be printed, wherein different print quality modes automatically invoke different print rendering options for a particular object to be printed. As implemented in a color printer system, a printer control automatically invokes a first halftone technique such as error diffusion for photo images whenever a high quality print mode is designated, and automatically invokes a second halftone technique such as a dither whenever other print modes such as normal or fast is designated. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a computer system employing a presently preferred embodiment of the invention; 
     FIGS. 2 and 3 are a flow chart showing how the automatic and manual options of FIG. 1 are used to produce a color printout of a composite document; 
     FIGS. 4 and 5 show a sequence of interactive computer screens available to a user who proceeds through the flow chart of FIGS. 2 and 3; 
     FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram for producing color photo printouts in accordance with the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 7 is a halftone flow chart for the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 8 is a color control flow chart for the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram showing the relationship of color control and halftoning in processing and printing photographic images; 
     FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the different color gamuts of visible light, a computer screen, and a printer which are used in the color control flow chart of FIG. 8; and 
     FIGS. 11 and 12 show a typical color inkjet printer for incorporating the color printout features of the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE BEST MODE OF THE INVENTION 
     Generally speaking, the invention provides improved print quality for composite documents which have different types of objects to be printed in the same document and in many instances on the same page. In an exemplary printer system as illustrated in the drawings, one or more different types of color objects are identified and flagged, a preferred rendering option such as halftoning and/or color matching is selected for each one of such different color object types, and then the document is printed in accordance with the rendering options selected for each of such different color object types. The color inkjet system of the preferred embodiment includes a printer coupled through a printer driver to a host computer. A default halftoning technique and a default color matching map are incorporated in the printer system for automatic invocation whenever a particular color object type is printed. 
     The invention has features which provide either automatic or manual implementation of various rendering options. For example, in the color inkjet system shown, an interactive user interface allows a choice between one button automatic control of color output or multi-button control of color output, with both automatic and manual options providing independent control for color halftone and for color correction based on the types of objects to be printed. The preferred form allows separate print rendering options for text, graphics and photo images. 
     Different print quality modes in the printer invoke different print rendering options for a particular object to be printed. In the exemplary embodiment, a printer control automatically invokes an error diffusion halftoning technique for photo images whenever high quality modes is designated, and automatically invokes a dither halftoning technique for photo images whenever a normal or fast print mode is designated. 
     It is important to note the the location of the color management functionality is somewhat flexible withint the printer system. Such functionality in the presently preferred version of the invention is primarily in the printer driver, but it could be implemented in the printer driver and/or printer firmware and/or even in the printer hardware (e.g., custom ICs, etc.). 
     The embodiment of the invention is used in an inkjet printer of the type shown in FIG. 11. In particular, inkjet printer 110 includes an input tray 112 containing sheets of media 14 which pass through a print zone, and are fed past an exit 18 into an output tray 116. Referring to FIGS. 11-12 a movable carriage 120 holds print cartridges 122, 124, 126, and 128 which respectively hold yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C) and black (K) inks. The front of the carriage has a support bumper 130 which rides along a guide 132 while the back of the carriage has multiple bushings such as 134 which ride along slide rod 136. The position of the carriage as it traverses back and forth across the media is determined from an encoder strip 138 in order to be sure that the various ink nozzles on each print cartridge are selectively fired at the appropriate time during a carriage scan. 
     In Windows 3.1, Microsoft developed the notion of a common print dialog as shown in FIG. 4. This is called from the application of Windows directly. When this dialog is used, some Setup Dialog features have been addressed (namely Orientation, Paper Size, and Paper Source) and therefore do not need to be presented to the user again in the driver&#39;s Setup Dialog. With this in mind, the driver will only display the modified version of the Setup Dialog when the driver is called from the common print dialog. 
     As shown in FIG. 5, the user options presented in the Manual Color Options are divided into two categories. The first category contains the Printed Color Control and the Half toning method. These options can be selected on an object-by-object basis (the objects in this case are text, graphics and photo objects). In other words, the Printed Color Control can be put into a different mode for text as for graphics and also for photographic-type images. The Half toning method can also be different for the three different types of objects. 
     The second category contains the Lightness slider and the Pantone Color mode. These options can be set only on a job-by-job basis. This means that the Lightness and Pantone mode act upon the entire job regardless of what type of objects are in each job (or on each page of the job). 
     The driver will adjust the incoming RGB data by applying a gamma correction to produce the adjusted RGB data in the following manner: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
LIGHTNESS SLIDER TABLE                                                    
Lightest     Lighter  Normal   Darker Darkest                             
______________________________________                                    
Accurate                                                                  
        Gamma:   Gamma:   Gamma: Gamma: Gamma:                            
Match   0.5      0.7      1.0    1.2    1.4                               
Clear and                                                                 
        Gamma:   Gamma:   Gamma: Gamma: Gamma:                            
Vibrant 0.5      0.7      1.0    1.2    1.4                               
No      Gamma:   Gamma:   Gamma: Gamma: Gamma:                            
Adjustment                                                                
        0.3      0.4      0.6    0.8    1.0                               
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     Pantone characterized both the DJ 1200C and PJ XL300 to create a Pantone lookup table to be incorporated into the driver. When this mode is selected, the driver will check all incoming RGB values against the key values provided by Pantone. If there is an exact match, then the driver will map the incoming RGB value into the correct (according to Pantone) RGB value to send to the printer to produce the closest approximation of the Pantone color selected. 
     Only Plain Paper (on the DJ 1200C) has been Pantone certified (and Special Paper on the PJ XL300). If the user attempts to check the Pantone checkbox when the appropriate media type is not selected, a warning message appears. 
     Defaults Button 
     This button will reset all the user options in this dialog back to the factory default position for the mode. These defaults are shown on the Manual Color Options Dialog. 
     Calibrate Screen Button 
     Brings up the Calibration utility. The user will use this when he/she wants to recalibrate the monitor in order to build new maps for the Accurate Screen Match mode. 
     The matrices below show the type of color matching and half toning that is implemented in the driver for the various user-selectable options in this dialog. The following are definitions of the matrix entries. 
     HMS Type Color Map 
     Used to boost the vibrancy of the hue associated with the given RGB value. 
     Accurate Color Map 
     Created when a user calibrates his/her monitor with screen calibration in order to get printed output that matches what&#39;s on the user&#39;s screen. 
     No Adjustment 
     The driver does not do any processing of incoming RGB data. This is the mode that users may utilize in order to control exactly the RGB values that are sent to the printer. 
     HPL Noise with CV 
     This Half toning option utilizes a 128×128 byte Noise dither matrix along with conversion of the RGB data into Color Vector (CV) data. This provides closer to Error Diffusion quality with about the speed of normal dithering. (Used when in Fast/Normal printing mode and scatter half toning is selected.) 
     HPL noise is disclosed in Ser. Nos. 57,244 and 60,285 
     HPL noise with CV is disclosed in Atty Dockets 1094173-1 and 1094230-1 filed concurrently herewith. 
     CMYK error diffusion is disclosed in Atty docket 1094210-1 filed concurrently herewith. 
     CMYK Err Diff 
     This Half toning option utilizes a CMYK Error Diffusion algorithm. This provides the highest quality output (for photographic images only) although it is the slowest half toning method. (Used when in High Quality printing mode and scatter half toning is selected.) 
     Current Cluster Dither 
     This is the same Cluster dither that is currently in the DJ 1200C and PJ XL300. This method is faster than Error Diffusion and provides good edge definition for text and graphics, 
     Current Bayer Dither 
     This is the same Pattern dither that is in the DJ 1200C and PJ XL300 currently. This method is the same speed as Cluster dither and has been preferred by some users 
     The following tables outline the type of color map and half toning used for the various U/I settings. 
     
                       TABLE                                                       
______________________________________                                    
Printed Color Control/Half toning matrix for TEXT &amp; GRAPHICS              
Clear and Vivid                                                           
               Accurate Match                                             
                            No Adjustment                                 
______________________________________                                    
Scatter                                                                   
      HMS color    Accurate     RGB pass-through                          
      map (#1)     map (#8)     HPL Noise                                 
      HPL Noise    HPL Noise                                              
Cluster                                                                   
      HMS color    Accurate     RGB pass-through                          
      map (#2)     map (#9)     Current Cluster                           
      Current Cluster                                                     
                   Current Cluster                                        
                                dither                                    
      dither       dither                                                 
Pattern                                                                   
      HMS color    Accurate     RGB pass-through                          
      map (#3)     map (#10)    Current Bayer                             
      Current Bayer                                                       
                   Current Bayer                                          
                                dither                                    
      dither       dither                                                 
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                       TABLE                                                       
______________________________________                                    
Printed Color Control/Half toning matrix for PHOTOGRAPHIC Images          
Clear and Vivid                                                           
               Accurate Match                                             
                            No Adjustment                                 
______________________________________                                    
Scatter                                                                   
      HMS color    Accurate     RGB pass-through                          
      map #(4,5)   map (#8,11)  HPL Noise with CV                         
      HPL Noise with CV                                                   
                   HPL Noise with CV                                      
                                or CMYK Err. Diff                         
      or CMYK Err. Diff                                                   
                   or CMYK Err. Diff                                      
Cluster                                                                   
      HMS color    Accurate     RGB pass-through                          
      map #(6)     map (#9)     Current Cluster                           
      Current Cluster                                                     
                   Current Cluster                                        
                                dither                                    
      dither       dither                                                 
Pattern                                                                   
      HMS color    Accurate     RGB pass-through                          
      map #(7)     map (#10)    Current Bayer                             
      Current Bayer                                                       
                   Current Bayer                                          
                                dither                                    
      dither       dither                                                 
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     There are two possible implementations of Scatter for Photos. One is the HPL Noise dither with CV. This will be the default since it is fast and gives better output quality for raster images (when compared to cluster or pattern). The other implementation is CMYK Error Diffusion which provides even better quality, but with a significant degradation in performance. The selection will be based on the user interface Print Quality mode. High Quality will map to CMYK Error Diffusion and Fast/Normal will map to CV Noise. 
     The total number of maps needed is shown also in the matrices above. There will be 11 maps needed for all the combinations of color matching modes and half tone methods. 
     This is a significant increase in the number of maps shipped and will definitely put the space required for installation above the amount that can fit onto one disk. Therefore, the decision has been made to ship the driver on 2 disks. order to accommodate this. 
     As the FIG. 9, shows, the input to the whole system is 24 bit RGB, and the output is 3 bit RGB sent to the printer. The steps involved are: choosing one of the color maps (HMS1, Accurate, or none) and mapping the color to another 24 bit RGB value, converting this value to CV Space (in the case of Noise Dither), doing some color processing in CV Space and then Half toning in CV Space. For Cluster, Pattern, and Error Diffusion, the half toning is done in RGB space. 
     The color matching portion of the color path is always done in the driver. The CV processing and half toning is done either in the driver or in the printer, depending on the type of object being rendered. 
     The following diagram shows where the different objects are rendered. All objects that are not already rendered in the application (which is most objects) are either rendered in the Windows driver or in the PCL5 F/W on the printer. 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Type of Object         Where it is rendered                               
______________________________________                                    
All Text Objects       Printer                                            
All Graphics Objects   Printer                                            
(Squares, Circles, . . . Business Graphics)                               
1, 4, 8-bit photo-type images                                             
                       Printer                                            
(Cluster &amp; Pattern half tone)                                             
1, 4, 8-bit photo-type images                                             
                       Windows Driver                                     
(Scatter half tone - Noise &amp; Err. Diff.)                                  
All 24-bit photo-type images                                              
                       Windows Driver                                     
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     For objects that are rendered in the printer the object is sent down from the Windows driver to the printer with 24-bit RGB values associated to it. Color processing is done in the driver (Color Matching, Lightness Slider, and Pantone Match) before the final RGB value is sent to the printer. Based on the user&#39;s half toning selections in the UI, a PCL command is also sent to the printer to set the appropriate rendering mode in the printer. The printer is then responsible for rendering all the objects and, in some cases, for scaling raster images. 
     The only objects that are rendered in the Windows driver are photo-type images that use the Scatter half tone, (because not all the printers support the Scatter mode and 24-bit photo-type images. The reason the Scatter half tone is rendered in the driver is because not all the printers support the Scatter mode and the only way to support both error diffusion and Noise dither on all the printers is to provide it in the driver. The 24-bit images are rendered in the driver regardless of the half toning mode in order to minimize the amount of data sent over the I/O. Each 24-bit RGB pixel can be half toned down to 3-bits per pixel which provides an automatic 8-to-1 compression in addition to the PCL compression on those 3-bits. 
     It will thus be appreciated from the foregoing description that many improvements are provided by the present invention. In the past users have only have limited control in the selection of rendering options and color correction options. That is, they have been limited to choosing one particular rendering option and/or one particular color correction option for an entire document, With the present invention, it is now possible for users to select an independent rendering option and independent color correction option for each type of object (e.g., text, business graphics, and photographic images). For example, in the printer driver dialog screens shown in the drawings, a user can select a Scatter halftone for photographic images, a Pattern halftone for business graphics, and a Cluster halftone for text. 
     In addition, color correction options can be chosen for each object type independently of the halftone. This independent control for halftone and color correction for each object gives the user a multitude of options and very fine control of the quality and appearance of the printed output. With the ability to render and color correct objects based on their particular type, it is possible to pre-determine which halftone and which color correction option would be best for each object type. Thus, the invention provides an automatic default that produces the best quality output for most users of a particular printer, as well as a manual default that can be changed by the user. 
     Furthermore, another printout quality feature can be automatically implemented as a default in the printer system. For example, in the preferred embodiment it was determined that users prefer a particular error diffusion halftoning over other kinds of dither halftoning. This has been implemented in the print quality printmode options of the type used by many manufacturers. Such printmode options allow users to choose settings such that the printer technology itself could be optimized for either fast output or higher quality output. It was discovered that this option could also be used to make the same kind of tradeoff within the printer driver itself, and in particular solved the problem of which halftoning method to used for certain complex objects like photographic images. Thus, if the user chooses a print quality setting of &#34;high quality&#34;, the driver will perform CMYK error diffusion to render all raster images (e.g., photographic images), while settings of &#34;Normal&#34; or &#34;Fast&#34; for the printmodes will cause the driver to perform noise dithering on all raster images. 
     While various examples and embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the spirit and scope of the invention is not limited to the specific description and drawings herein, but extends to various modifications and changes all as set forth in the following claims.