Patent Publication Number: US-2009230922-A1

Title: Multiple battery management system with charge balancing mechanism

Description:
FOREIGN PRIORITY DATA 
     This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent Ser. No. 10/913,334 entitled “Multiple battery management system, auxiliary battery attachment system, and network controlled multiple battery system” filed Aug. 9, 2004 which claims benefit of earlier filed U.S. Pat. No. 7,339,347 entitled “Multiple Battery System and Auxiliary Battery Attachment System” filed on Aug. 11, 2003, earlier filed U.S. Pat. No. 7,388,349 entitled “Multiple Battery System and Network controlled multiple Battery System” filed on Mar. 22, 2004. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates, generally, to rechargeable battery systems including a main and an at least one auxiliary battery disposed for selective electrical communication, and more particularly to vehicle battery systems wherein the batteries of the battery system are configured within a housing having conventional external dimensions. Additionally the present invention includes an attachment for providing an at least one auxiliary battery attachment system to a conventional battery with circuitry for selectively engaging the main and at least one auxiliary battery and a method of detecting electrical faults in an electrical system coupled to the battery system. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND TECHNICAL PROBLEMS 
     Almost every vehicle utilized today requires a battery to operate. The battery usually initiates an internal combustion reaction that is at the heart of conventional motors. Additionally, with the development of electric and hybrid-electric vehicles that rely directly on batteries to function there is an increased need for a reliable supply of power from batteries. Recently, significant improvements in battery technologies have allowed conventional sized batteries to have increased power, increased operating life, better response to discharge and recharge cycling, and lower maintenance requirements than predecessors. This has allowed for improved starting, as well as prolonged operation of vehicles, equipment, and auxiliary devices. 
     However, the elements of a conventional battery have changed little, even as many other aspects of vehicle technology and safety have improved. Conventional vehicle batteries, for example, include a fairly standard sized rectangular casing containing cells (six cells for twelve-volt batteries—three cells for six-volt batteries). These cells typically contain positive and negative battery plates and electrolytic fluid to allow the battery to store reserve electricity and replenish this reserve from a generating source, such as an electrical system. The battery is typically coupled through a standard set of electrical cables to the electrical system of the vehicle or piece of equipment. 
     However, a significant problem with existing batteries occurs if, for any reason, the conventional battery loses power or is discharged. The required source for electrical power to start or operate the vehicle or device is lost. Similarly, if, for instance, automobile lights are accidentally left on for extended periods of time without the automobile running, discharge of the battery is inevitable. Additionally, if other auxiliary equipment, such as a radio, fan, or the like, is left on without the engine running similar problems can occur. A still further way the electrical system of a vehicle might fail is through shorts or bad connections to the battery, so that the battery does not recharge during use. This may also occur when a recharging mechanism, such as an alternator or generator, is non-functioning. These are just some of the types of problems or discharge scenarios that may occur in which failure of or discharge of the battery leaves the vehicle helpless. 
     One way to provide power back to the battery in the case of a discharge scenario is through a jump-start. However, this requires an additional vehicle, which may not be available. Jump-starting also subjects both the discharged battery and the jump-starting battery to potential damage, even the possibility of a catastrophic explosion if the electrical connections are improperly coupled. There are also commercially available alternatives to vehicle-to-vehicle jump-starting. Primarily these devices comprise portable auxiliary power sources for jump-starting a discharged battery. A major drawback of these devices is that they require the electrical system of the vehicle to be in operable condition to restore the battery. Most of these portable “emergency batteries” typically comprise a small reserve battery which is plugged into the electrical system of an automobile, for example through the cigarette lighter plug, and can only be recharged in a household outlet. As it cannot be recharged from the vehicle, if the discharge recurs for any reason the user is potentially stranded. These systems, together with the conventional methods of jump-starting a battery, currently provide the only commercially available ways to overcome the loss of power in a battery or other discharge scenario. 
     Several attempts at improving the functionality of batteries in discharge scenarios by utilizing auxiliary batteries to forestall the need for jump-starting have been attempted, but none have met with any commercial success. These previous commercial attempts at dual battery systems have proven unreliable and cumbersome or worse, non-functional. Many significant drawbacks are seen in many of the early systems, requiring costly modifications due to non-standard battery sizes, modifications to the battery terminals, and/or modification to the electrical system of the vehicle or the device. These modifications made these systems costly to implement and less reliable than the standard sized batteries. Examples of these early attempts include U.S. Pat. No. 3,200,014 to Roberts and U.S. Pat. No. 3,029,301 to Strider. 
     Another example of these early systems included a three-post system from DELCO. The battery housing had three external terminals extending from the cover: a main battery positive terminal, a reserve battery positive terminal, and a common negative terminal. The negative terminal electrodes of each battery in the system were purportedly connected through a link in the battery housing cover assembly. Thus, this vehicle electrical system required three cables to accommodate the system and required an additional solenoid that was activated during starting. This non-standard configuration meant additional costs and headache for the end-user, requiring special three post batteries and cables. This and the added costs from the need for additional electrical components made the devices commercially unsuccessful. 
     Additional attempts at achieving a commercially successful system have been made that would fit standard electrical cable configurations, but these have also failed. Vehicle battery systems like those shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,002,840 to Klenenow et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 5,162,164 to Dougherty et. al. (the &#39;840 and &#39;164 patents), show a main and a reserve unit, separated simply by a one-way diode for maintaining the reserve unit in the charged condition during non-use. The main and reserve batteries of the &#39;840 and &#39;164 patents are coupled in parallel with a diode and resistor therebetween and would require only the standard two-post battery configuration. In a normal operating mode a resistor, for instance a variable resistance, positive temperature coefficient resistor, precedes the one-way diode. The variable or positive coefficient resistor steps down the amperage to limit the amount of current, and, hence, the amount of heat generated by the diode. The diode prevents the reserve battery from discharging to the main battery while allowing current to reach the battery, but it is limited to providing a trickle charge to the reserve battery for recharging. A shunt is provided that is engaged in discharge scenarios to effectively bypass the resistor and diode and put the two battery units in parallel without the diode, and thereby engage the reserve battery. The entire system is coupled through the negative terminals of each battery that are brought into contact in the parallel circuit. 
     These circuits and battery configurations have several disadvantages. The diodes described in the &#39;840 and &#39;164 patents are low capacity diodes. These low capacity diodes are problematic in that they have a limited current carrying capacity. Since the low capacity diodes have a relatively small current carrying capacity, they may be destroyed if excessive current is driven through them. For instance if the full current capacity of a vehicle electrical system were driven through the diode alone, the diode would be destroyed. Thus these systems need to step down the current with a resistor. This limits the amount of current used to charge the reserve battery. Therefore, these devices and other devices like them are limited to charging the reserve battery with a low current or “trickle” charge, taking a significant amount of time to recharge this reserve battery. The long duration to charge the reserve battery is a significant disadvantage of such devices in discharge scenarios. 
     Moreover, the engagement of the shunt in the circuit as described dumps the discharged battery into parallel with the charged battery. The charged reserve battery thus has to contend with both the load placed on it by the vehicle or device and the load of the discharged main battery. Operator error can cause additional problems. If the switch or shunt is inadvertently left in the bypass mode or if an undetected fault occurs in the battery or electrical system, the reserve unit will discharge along with the main unit, thereby impairing the ability of the reserve unit to function as an auxiliary starting battery. 
     Thus, in a discharge scenario, the device of the &#39;840 and &#39;164 patents would put added stress on the reserve battery and, potentially, require a long cycle time to recharge the reserve electrical power stored therein. This would be an especially grave problem if the vehicle were to have a short or other electrical system failure, severely limiting the operating time of the vehicle on just the reserve battery. 
     Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 5,256,502 to Kump discloses a set of plates and plate frames, movable bus bars, and circuitry components, including a diode in the circuitry that allows for recharging of a reserve battery defined from the set of plates and engaged by a switch. The diode prevents current from being drawn from the reserve battery unless a switch is turned to a reserve setting. Similar to the &#39;840 and &#39;164 patents, in the &#39;502 patent when the reserve battery plates are selectively engaged, it puts the main and reserve batteries in parallel with each other upon engagement of the switch. This solution has the same problems as the &#39;840 and &#39;164 patents, and, similarly couples the negative terminals of the two batteries. The reserve battery is saddled with the load of the electrical system and the load of the discharged main battery when trying to start from a discharge scenario, as engagement draws the reserve electrical energy in the system down. There is no suggestion in any of the aforementioned references of any way to overcome this problem, and in the case of the &#39;502 patent, there is no way electrically isolate the reserve battery as it is composed of plates shared with the main battery. 
     In U.S. Pat. No. 6,121,750 to Hwa, a two-part battery is disclosed having a microprocessor control switch. The Hwa device contains two twelve-volt batteries in a single housing sharing a common negative terminal end and a single positive terminal. The secondary battery is provided for intermittent engagement to fulfill requirements for short duration, high current output situations. A switch box is provided to permit switching from just the main battery to engaging the main and secondary battery. Again, the batteries are in parallel when engaged and would be poorly equipped to deal with a discharge scenario, for reasons similar to those previously discussed in regards to the other references. Furthermore, there is no indication or suggestion of a diode or similar device provided in the circuitry of the &#39;750 patent for charging the secondary battery and, thus, the secondary battery is not necessarily kept in a charged state, because the secondary battery is only providing additional cranking power. 
     The U.S. Pat. No. 5,683,827 patent to Yu discloses a silicon controlled rectifier for automatically switching off the battery pack when the battery pack generates an output voltage lower than a threshold voltage during a discharge cycle. The rectifier is coupled with individual cells in a series of sells that comprise a battery pack. The system switches packs, but does not provide for reserve electrical energy beyond the individual cells. Moreover, the switching does not teach or suggest an auxiliary battery, nor does it teach isolating an auxiliary battery in case of a discharge scenario. 
     The performance of all of the heretofore known multiple battery systems have been unsatisfactory. Even with the existing attempts to provide readily available reserve power in a battery, there is still significant room for improvement and a need for emergency starting power. Prior attempts required retrofitting vehicles to accommodate different sized battery housings, different terminal configurations, or remote circuitry, which is often cost prohibitive. To date, no system has been developed to provide the reserve power that is necessary to operate a vehicle or piece of equipment in an emergency and be sufficiently reliable in all situations. 
     The known multiple battery configurations do not permit disposition of at least two batteries, each capable of delivering sufficient power to start and operate a vehicle, within a housing defined by a conventional vehicle battery envelope and having terminal locations designed to accommodate conventional cable configurations. No system is available that provides the full current of the electrical system of the vehicle to immediately begin recharging the at least one auxiliary battery. In fact, the reliability and safety of previously attempted systems is hampered by diodes with insufficient current-carrying capacity, these same diodes may in fact be destroyed during recharge. Additionally, none of the previous devices has been able to provide both a one-way charging circuit and, when needed, the ability to isolate the auxiliary battery to provide emergency power. Finally, none of the prior devices can provide a method for determining whether the cause of the main battery discharge is in the electrical system of the vehicle and still provide the auxiliary power necessary in this situation to get assistance. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The myriad of advantages of having reliable, readily accessible auxiliary electrical power in the multiple battery system of the instant invention can easily be appreciated. It eliminates the need to jump-start the vehicle or, if the electrical system has failed, it allows the user to determine such a failure and try to reach some assistance while on the auxiliary battery. The instant invention also eliminates the danger of trying to jump-start an automobile, where there is the potential for electrical sparking and explosion. Additionally, by avoiding the need for a jump-start with the instant invention, both safety and security are improved, as there is no need to leave your vehicle to seek assistance or flag down strangers when the vehicle will not start. Improved time to charge is also an important further advantage of the instant invention. Re-charging a battery with known devices can take significant amounts of time, if it is even possible, for instance in situations where you are stuck on a lonely back road. However, the instant invention allows the user to quickly start and immediately begin recharging both a main and an at least one auxiliary battery. These and other objects of the invention are discussed further herein. 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved vehicle battery that solves or improves over the problems and deficiencies in the art. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved multiple battery system and a battery attachment system that is generally universally installable in place of a conventional battery. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved vehicle battery that contains sufficient reserve electrical power for most, if not all, situations, even in worst-case type discharge scenarios, such as failure in the electrical system. 
     A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved vehicle battery that provides auxiliary power easily and virtually instantaneously. 
     A still further object of the invention is to provide an improved vehicle battery which is simple in construction, but that does not require substantial and costly structures or modifications to existing electrical systems, circuitry, or other components, and which is economical to manufacture and use. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved vehicle battery that is efficient, durable, and reliable. 
     An object of the instant invention is to provide a circuit to isolate an auxiliary battery with sufficient reserve power to reliably start or operate a vehicle or piece of equipment. 
     A further object of an exemplary embodiment of the instant invention is efficient utilization of the available space within conventional battery housing dimensions such that the main battery exceeds SAE recommended minimum CCA output ratings for most original equipment manufacturer (OEM) vehicles. 
     A further object of an exemplary embodiment of the instant invention is to provide a switched multiple battery system having a main battery in selective electrical communication with an auxiliary battery, the system being disposed within a housing characterized by conventional external dimensions and the terminals being disposed to accommodate conventional vehicle cable configurations. The use of a conventional battery-housing envelope facilitates relatively low cost production through the utilization of existing manufacturing equipment and processes. Moreover, it allows for immediate substitution of the present invention for existing batteries. 
     In accordance with one object of an exemplary embodiment, the cells of the main battery are disposed along the longitudinal axis of the battery housing and above the auxiliary cell housing. The cells of the auxiliary battery can be approximately one-quarter the height of the main cells. In the exemplary embodiment he auxiliary cells are disposed below the main battery. This configuration renders the subject battery system interchangeable with a wide range of conventional two-terminal automotive batteries. 
     In accordance with another object of an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the switching mechanism is also disposed within the cover and includes a manually operable actuator for selectively establishing communication between the main and reserve batteries. 
     According to a further object of the invention, the switched multiple battery system is configured for disposition within a vehicle for electrical communication with conventional vehicle battery cables. In the event the main battery output is too low to start the vehicle, the operator manipulates the switch to the auxiliary position, thereby bringing the auxiliary battery online, which is maintained in the fully charged state by the charging diode circuit. Upon starting the vehicle, the operator manipulates the switch back to the normal position, thereby engaging the main and auxiliary batteries with the electrical system to begin recharge. The main and auxiliary batteries being recharged in the conventional manner during vehicle operation. 
     Additionally, a still further object of the invention is that the power in the auxiliary battery allows the automobile to be operated even when the main battery is discharged or incapacitated. Thus, when the main battery is not usable, the auxiliary battery can be utilized until repair or replacement can be conveniently obtained. 
     Another object of the present invention is that both the primary and the secondary storage battery are of a sufficient strength so that under ordinary weather conditions either will operate the starter and vehicle without the aid of the other. Thus, if one of the two batteries is totally discharged for some reason the, vehicle will still be operable. 
     The apparatus of the invention includes a multiple battery system. The multiple battery system includes a battery housing having a common positive terminal and a common negative terminal each coupled to an electrical system. The main battery has a main positive output and a main negative output and the at least one auxiliary battery has an auxiliary positive output and an auxiliary negative output. The multiple battery system includes a main electrical circuit that couples the common positive terminal with at least one switching device. The at least one switching device has at least two operating positions. In a first operating position of the at least two operating positions, the common positive terminal is coupled to the main positive output of the main battery and to a one-way charging circuit that precedes and is coupled to the auxiliary positive output. In a second operating position the common positive terminal is coupled through the at least one switching device to a point in the main circuit beyond the one-way charging circuit that couples to the auxiliary positive output, coupling the common positive terminal to the auxiliary positive output. 
     In the battery system the main battery can be electrically isolated from the auxiliary battery in the second position of the at least one switching device. 
     In the system the battery housing can also include an at least one main battery compartment containing the main battery. The main battery can be one of a six-volt, a twelve-volt, a fourteen-volt, or a twenty-four volt battery. 
     In a further embodiment of the multiple battery system only the coupling of the positive output of the main battery and the positive output of the at least one auxiliary battery are switched by the switching device. Additionally, the second operating position of the at least two operating positions can isolate the main battery from the electrical system and introduces only the at least one auxiliary battery. 
     The battery housing can also include an at least one auxiliary battery compartment containing the at least one auxiliary battery. The at least one auxiliary battery can be one of a six-volt, twelve-volt, fourteen-volt, or twenty-four volt battery. Additionally, the main battery can be a twelve-volt battery having six, two-volt cells and the at least one auxiliary battery can be a twelve-volt battery having six two-volt cells. 
     The battery housing can also have a main battery compartment containing the main battery and an at least one auxiliary battery compartment containing the at least one auxiliary battery, the main battery compartment being located atop the at least one auxiliary battery compartment. 
     The battery housing may also have at least one fill tube. The at least one fill tube can be an at least one main battery fill tube. The main battery can comprise an at least one cell and the at least one main fill tube can be a main fill tube for each cell of the main battery. The at least one fill tube can also be an at least one auxiliary battery fill tube. The auxiliary battery can comprise at least one cell and the at least one auxiliary fill tube can be an auxiliary fill tube for each cell of the auxiliary battery. Moreover, the at least one fill tube can be an at least one main fill tube and an at least one auxiliary fill tube, the at least one auxiliary fill tube passing through the main battery compartment. 
     The one-way charging circuit of the multiple battery system can comprise an at least one-way charging diode. The at least one-way charging diode can be an at least one silicon rectifier. 
     The at least one silicon rectifier can be between about a 25 and 95 amperage rating. In a still further exemplary embodiment, the main battery can be a 12-volt automobile battery and the at least one silicon rectifier can have a 12-volt, 45 amp rating. Additionally, the charging circuit can comprise an at least one high capacity diode and an at least one heat sink coupled to the at least one high capacity diode. The at least one high capacity diode can have between about a 25 and 95 amperage rating. Moreover, in yet another exemplary embodiment, the at least one high capacity diode can have a 12-volt, 45 amp rating and the at least one heat sink coupled to the high capacity diode can have sufficient surface area to dissipate the heat generated by the 12-volt, 45 amp rated at least one high capacity diode. 
     The multiple battery system can also have a controller coupled to and switching the at least one switching device. The multiple battery system can also have an at least one sensor in communication with the controller. The at least one sensor can include an at least one main battery voltage sensor, an at least one main battery amperage sensor, an at least one auxiliary battery voltage sensor, an at least one switch position sensor, and an at least one auxiliary battery amperage sensor. The controller can couple to and communicate with the position sensor to detect the position of the switching device and selectively engage the switching device based on the input of at least one of the at least one main battery voltage sensor, the at least one main battery amperage sensor, the at least one auxiliary battery voltage sensor, and the at least one auxiliary amperage sensor. 
     The multiple battery system can also have an auxiliary battery discharge system. The auxiliary battery discharge system can have a controller with a timer. The timer can signal the controller to periodically change the switch position so as to discharge the auxiliary battery in the second operating position of the at least two operating positions for short periods and then switch back to the first operating position of the at least two operating positions. 
     The discharge system can also be a written instruction to manually switch the battery system to the second operating position for a brief period of time and then to manually switch the switching device to the first operating position. 
     The discharge system can also have the controller switch the switching device to couple the common positive terminal to the auxiliary battery positive output if an input signal from an at least one sensor indicates that the main battery voltage or amperage is below a trigger point. 
     The apparatus of the instant invention also includes a multiple battery system comprising a battery housing having a common positive terminal and a common negative terminal coupled to an electrical system; a main battery having a main positive output and a main negative output; an auxiliary battery having an auxiliary positive output and an auxiliary negative output; a switching device with at least two operating positions, the at least two operating positions selectively engaging said main battery and said auxiliary battery. The first operating position of said at least two operating positions can have the common positive terminal coupled to the main positive output and to the auxiliary positive output through a one-way charging circuit between and preceding the auxiliary battery. The second operating position of said at least two operating positions can couple the common positive terminal to the auxiliary positive such that the common positive terminal is coupled at a point beyond the one-way charging circuit to the auxiliary battery positive. 
     The second operating position of the multiple battery system can put the auxiliary battery alone in series with the electrical system and prevents electrical energy in the auxiliary battery from flowing to the main battery. The one-way charging circuit can electrically isolate the main battery in the second operating position. In the first operating position, the one-way charging circuit can permit electrical energy from the electrical system to flow into both the main and auxiliary batteries, but prevent electrical energy from flowing out of the auxiliary battery. Further, in one exemplary embodiment of the instant invention only the positive outputs of the main battery and the at least one auxiliary battery are switched by the switching device. Additionally, when in the second operating position of the at least two operating positions, the system can fully disconnect the main battery from the electrical system and introduce only the at least one auxiliary battery. 
     The main battery can be one of a six-volt, twelve-volt, fourteen-volt, or twenty-four volt battery. The at least one auxiliary battery can be one of a six-volt, twelve-volt, fourteen-volt or twenty-four volt battery. 
     The battery housing can comprise a main battery compartment containing the main battery and an at least one auxiliary battery compartment containing the at least one auxiliary battery, the main battery compartment being located atop the at least one auxiliary battery compartment. The battery housing can also include at least one fill tube. 
     The one-way charging circuit can comprise an at least one-way charging diode. The at least one-way charging diode can comprise an at least one silicon rectifier. The at least one silicon rectifier can be between about a 25 and 95 amperage rating. The main battery can also be a 12-volt automobile battery and the at least one silicon rectifier has a 12-volt, 45 amp rating. The charging circuit can further comprise an at least one high capacity diode and an at least one heat sink coupled to the at least one high capacity diode. The at least one high capacity diode has between about 25 and 95 amperage rating. The at least one high capacity diode can also have a 12-volt, 45 amp rating and the at least one heat sink coupled to the high capacity diode that can have a sufficient surface area to dissipate the heat generated by the at least one diode. 
     The system can also have a controller coupled to and switching the switching device. An at least one sensor in communication with the controller can be provided. The at least one sensor in communication with the controller can include an at least one switch position sensor to detect the position of the switching device and the controller can then actuate the switching device based on input from the an at least one switching device sensor and at least one of a main battery voltage sensor, a main battery amperage, an auxiliary battery voltage sensor, and an auxiliary amperage sensor. 
     The system of the instant invention can also comprise an auxiliary battery discharge system. The discharge system can comprise a controller with a timer, where the timer signals the controller to periodically change the switch position so as to discharge the auxiliary battery in the second operating position of the at least two operating positions for short periods and then switches back to the first operating position of the at least two operating positions. 
     The discharge system can also be a written instruction to manually switch the battery system to the second operating position for a brief period of time and then to manually switch the switching device to the first operating position. 
     The controller can also switches the switching device to couple the common positive terminal to the auxiliary battery positive output if an input signal from an at least one sensor indicates that the main battery voltage is below a trigger point. 
     The system can also be provided with an auxiliary battery cyclic discharge system that can include a timer coupled to the switching device, wherein the timer periodically actuates the switching device to the second operating mode for a short period of time and, then, actuates the switching device back to the first operating mode after the short period of time. 
     The apparatus of the invention also includes an auxiliary battery attachment system having a main battery with an at least one main positive output and an at least one main negative output and a circuitry housing having an at least one positive common terminal, an at least one negative common terminal, an at least one positive coupling and an at least one negative coupling, the at least one positive and negative couplings electrically coupling the at least one positive and at least one negative main battery outputs to the at least one positive and at least one negative common terminal which are in turn coupled to an electrical system. The system also includes an at least one auxiliary battery having an auxiliary positive output and an auxiliary negative output, each output being electrically coupled to the at least one positive common terminal and at least one negative common terminal, respectively, and a main electrical circuit comprising a coupling of the common positive terminal with an at least one switching device. In the main circuit the at least one switching device having at least two operating positions: a first operating position of the at least two operating positions coupling the common positive terminal through the at least one positive coupling to the main positive output of the main battery and to a one-way charging circuit that precedes and is coupled to the auxiliary positive output and a second operating position wherein the common positive terminal is coupled through the at least one switching device to a point in the main circuit beyond the one-way charging circuit that couples to the auxiliary positive output. 
     The circuitry housing can be mounted atop the main battery or the circuitry housing can be mounted on a side of the main battery. Also, while in the first operating position, the one-way charging circuit permits electrical energy from the electrical system to flow into both the main and auxiliary batteries, but prevents electrical energy from flowing out of the auxiliary battery. While in the second operating position of the at least two operating positions the system fully disconnects the main battery from the electrical system and introduces only the at least one auxiliary battery. 
     The at least one positive and negative couplings can be within the circuitry housing. The at least one auxiliary battery is one of a six-volt, twelve-volt, fourteen-volt, or twenty-four volt battery. The circuitry housing can contain the at least one auxiliary battery. 
     The one-way charging circuit of the attachment system can comprise an at least one-way charging diode as well. The at least one-way charging diode can be for instance an at least one silicon rectifier. The at least one silicon rectifier can be between about a 25 and 95 amperage rating. The main battery can also be a 12-volt automobile battery and the at least one silicon rectifier can have a 12-volt, 45 amp rating. 
     The multiple battery system may also provide a charging circuit having an at least one high capacity diode and an at least one heat sink coupled to the at least one high capacity diode. The at least one high capacity diode can have between about 25 and 95 amperage rating. The at least one high capacity diode can also have a 12-volt, 45 amp rating and the at least one heat sink coupled to the high capacity diode having a sufficient surface area to dissipate the heat generated by the 12-volt, 45 amp rated at least one diode. 
     The multiple battery system can also comprise a controller coupled to and switching the switching device. An at least one sensor can also be in communication with the controller. The at least one sensor in communication with the controller can include at least one switch position sensor to detect the position of the at least one switching device and at least one of a main battery voltage sensor, a main battery amperage sensor, an auxiliary battery voltage sensor, and an auxiliary amperage sensor, the switch device being actuated by the controller based on input from one of the at least one sensor. 
     The auxiliary battery attachment system can also have an auxiliary battery discharge system. Again, the auxiliary battery discharge system can have a controller with a timer. The timer can signal the controller to periodically change the switch position so as to discharge the auxiliary battery in the second operating position of the at least two operating positions for short periods and then switch back to the first operating position of the at least two operating positions. The discharge system can also comprise a written instruction to manually switch the battery system to the second operating position for a brief period of time and then to manually switch the switching device to the first operating position. 
     The controller can also switch the switching device to couple the common positive terminal to the auxiliary battery positive output if an input signal from an at least one sensor indicates that the main battery voltage is below a trigger point. 
     The method of the invention includes a method of detecting a discharge condition fault in an electrical system, which can comprise the method steps of sensing an initial discharge condition within an electrical system of a vehicle or a piece of machinery, switching a battery having a main and auxiliary battery and a switching device with at least two operating positions, a main operating position wherein the main battery is coupled to an electrical system and the at least one auxiliary battery is also coupled through a one way charging diode preceding the auxiliary battery, and an auxiliary operating position in which the auxiliary battery is coupled in series with the electrical system of the vehicle or the piece of machinery and the main battery is electrically isolated. Then utilizing the auxiliary battery in the auxiliary operational position to start the vehicle or piece of machinery and returning the switching device to the normal operating position and engaging the main battery in the normal operating position and determining whether the vehicle or machinery is operational in the normal operating position, failure indicating a general operating fault in the electrical system. The method can also include the step of returning the switching device to the auxiliary position and engaging the auxiliary battery to supply the needed energy to operate the vehicle or machinery and seek repair of the electrical fault. 
     The above objects and advantages of the invention are illustrative, and not exhaustive, of those that can be achieved by the invention. Reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part of the description and in which there is shown by way of illustration exemplary embodiments of the invention. Thus, these and other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description, both as embodied herein and as modified in view of any variations that will be apparent to those skilled in the art. 
     The invention also includes a system the system being a multiple battery system having a main battery with a main positive output and a main negative output and an at least one auxiliary battery having an at least one auxiliary positive output and an at least one auxiliary negative output. A main electrical circuit is also provided coupling a common positive terminal with an at least one switching device, the at least one switching device having at least two operating positions to selectively couple the main and at least one auxiliary battery to the common positive terminal. In a first operating position of the at least two operating positions electrical charge is provided to both the main battery and the at least one auxiliary battery. A controller is coupled to the main electrical circuit and switches the at least one switching device based on input from an at least one sensor. 
     The system can further comprise a first operating position of the at least two operating positions that couples the common positive terminal to the main positive output of the main battery and the common positive terminal to a one-way charging circuit that precedes and is coupled to the at least one auxiliary positive output on the at least one auxiliary battery. The multiple battery system may further comprise a second operating position wherein the common positive terminal is coupled through the at least one switching device to a point in the main electrical circuit, beyond the one-way charging circuit, that couples to the auxiliary positive output. The main battery can be electrically isolated from the at least one auxiliary battery in the second operating position of the at least two operating positions of the at least one switching device. 
     Further, the system can, but is not limited to, providing only for the coupling of the positive output of the main battery and the positive output of the at least one auxiliary battery are switched by the switching device. The second operating position of the at least two operating positions can, but again is not limited to, electrically isolating the main battery from the system and introducing only the at least one auxiliary battery. 
     The controller of the multiple battery system can further include an at least one indicator element. The at least one indicator element can for example be, but is not limited to, an at least one klaxon, horn, light, plurality of lights, LCD panel, simulated human voice, human voice, light emitting diode, and a plurality of light emitting diodes. The at least one indicator element in some exemplary embodiments is a plurality of indicator elements having at least one of a red, orange, green, or amber color. 
     The multiple battery system can further comprise a battery housing with a main battery compartment containing the main battery and an at least one auxiliary battery compartment containing the at least one auxiliary battery. The main battery compartment can be located atop the at least one auxiliary battery compartment in some embodiments. The main battery compartment can also be located aside the at least one auxiliary battery compartment in other embodiments. 
     The one-way charging circuit of the instant invention can for instance be, but is not limited to, an at least one-way charging diode. In some embodiments, the at least one-way charging diode may further comprise an at least one silicon rectifier. In other embodiments, the at least one-way charging diode can be for instance, but is not limited to, an at least one Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR). The at least one Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) can for instance be, but is not limited to, being coupled to the controller and being able to disable the coupling with the at least one auxiliary battery if an over charge condition is detected in the auxiliary battery. 
     In some embodiments of the system, the at least one auxiliary battery may comprise a single auxiliary battery. In other embodiments, the at least one battery comprises a plurality of auxiliary batteries. 
     The at least one sensor can, in some embodiments, further comprise an at least one of: an at least one main battery voltage sensor, an at least one main battery amperage sensor, an at least one auxiliary battery voltage sensor, an auxiliary battery amperage sensor, an at least one switch position sensor. The at least one sensor can be for example, but is not limited to, an at least one VI sensor. Similarly, the controller can, in some exemplary embodiments, further comprise at least one of: an at least one microprocessor, an at least one signal processor, an at least one set of lookup tables, an at least one memory device, an at least one security protocol/encryption element and an at least one indicator element. 
     In some exemplary embodiments, the controller is a wireless controller system. The wireless controller system can include for instance, but is not limited to including, a wireless controller, a wireless transceiver, and an input device. The wireless input device can also include an at least one indicator element. In other exemplary embodiments, the controller can be a network interfaceable controller, where the network interfaceable controller has a network interface and a transceiver. The network interfaceable controller can be in communication with a Network Operations Center (NOC) via a network. The network interfaceable controller can couple to and communicates with the at least one switching device to detect the position of the at least one switching device and selectively engage the at least one switching device based on the input of at least one of the at least one main battery voltage sensor, the at least one main battery amperage sensor, the at least one auxiliary battery voltage sensor, and the at least one auxiliary amperage sensor. 
     The controller can include a trigger that signals the controller to periodically change the switch position of the at least one switching device so as to discharge the at least one auxiliary battery in the second operating position of the at least two operating positions for short periods and then switch back to the first operating position of the at least two operating positions. The multiple battery system wherein the multiple batteries are part of an at least one of a six-volt, a twelve-volt, a fourteen-volt, and a twenty-four volt battery electrical system. 
     The invention also includes a network controlled multiple battery system. The system includes a network in communication with a network interfaceable controller and an at least one sensor sensing the condition of an at least one main battery. An at least one controlled switching device is coupled to the at least one network interfaceable controller and responds to an at least one signal from the network to the network interfaceable controller switching from the main battery to an at least one auxiliary battery. 
     The main battery can include, but is not limited to, a main positive output and a main negative output and the at least one auxiliary battery can include, but is not limited to, an at least one auxiliary positive output and an at least one auxiliary negative output. The at least one controlled switching device can, but is not limited to, switching between an at least two operating positions, each position selectively coupling a common terminal with at least one of the main and the at least one auxiliary battery. 
     In exemplary embodiments of the system, a first operating position of the at least two operating positions can provide charge to the main battery and provide charge to the at least one auxiliary battery through a one-way charging circuit. A second operating position of the at least two operating positions can couple the at least one auxiliary output of the at least one auxiliary battery to the common output. 
     The at least one-way charging circuit can include an at least one one-way charging diode. The at least one-way charging diode further can for instance be, but is not limited too, an at least one silicon rectifier. The at least one-way charging diode can also be for instance; but is not limited to, an at least one Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR). The at least one Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) can be coupled to the controller and can also shut off if an over charge condition is detected in the auxiliary battery. 
     The network can also include an at least one controlled switching device has at least two operating positions, a first operating position of the at least two operating positions coupling a common positive terminal to a main positive output of the main battery and to a one-way charging circuit that precedes and is coupled to an at least one auxiliary positive output of the at least one auxiliary battery and a second operating position wherein the common positive terminal is coupled to the at least one auxiliary positive output of the at least one auxiliary batter a point in the system beyond the one-way charging circuit, effectively isolating the main battery directly connecting the at least one auxiliary battery. 
     The network controlled multiple battery system can also include an at least one indicator element. The at least one indicator element can have an at least one light emitting diode of an at least one color. The at least one indicator element can also be a plurality of indicator elements having at least one of a red, orange, green, and amber color. The at least one indicator can also be, but is not limited to, an at least one of a klaxon, a horn, a light, a plurality of lights, an LCD panel, a simulated human voice, a human voice, a light emitting diode, and a plurality of light emitting diodes. 
     The at least one network interfaceable controller of the network controlled multiple battery system can for instance include, but is not limited to, an at least one microprocessor, an at least one signal transmitter, an at least one signal receiver, a security protocol/encryption element, an indicator element, an input/output bus. The at least one sensor can include an at least one VI sensor. The network controlled multiple battery system can be, but is not limited to being, a part of an at least one of a six-volt, a twelve-volt, a fourteen-volt, and a twenty-four volt battery electrical system. 
     The invention also includes a further multiple battery system having a battery housing with a common positive terminal and a common negative terminal coupled to an electrical system. A main battery having a main positive output and a main negative output and an at least one auxiliary battery having an auxiliary positive output and an auxiliary negative output are also provided. The system includes an at least one switching device with at least two operating positions, the at least two operating positions selectively engaging said main battery and said auxiliary battery and having a first operating position of said at least two operating positions, wherein the common positive terminal is coupled to the main positive output and is further coupled to the at least one auxiliary battery output through a one-way charging circuit between and preceding the at least one auxiliary battery and a second operating position of said at least two operating positions which couples the common positive terminal to the auxiliary positive such that the common positive terminal is coupled at a point beyond the one-way charging circuit to the auxiliary battery positive output. The system also includes a controller coupled to and switching the at least one switching device. 
     In some exemplary embodiments, the second operating position can couple the at least one auxiliary battery with the electrical system and prevent electrical energy in the at least one auxiliary battery from flowing to the main battery. The one-way charging circuit can electrically isolates the main battery in the second operating position. The at least one auxiliary battery can be a single auxiliary battery. The at least one auxiliary battery can be a plurality of auxiliary batteries. 
     The one-way charging circuit can for instance be, but is not limited to, an at least one-way charging diode. The at least one-way charging diode can be, but is not limited to, an at least one silicon rectifier. The at least one-way charging diode can also be, but is not limited to, an at least one Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR). 
     The multiple battery system can also include an at least one sensor in communication with the controller. The controller can actuate the switching device based on input from the at least one sensor and the at least one sensor includes at least one of an at least one main battery voltage sensor, main battery amperage, auxiliary battery voltage sensor, and auxiliary amperage sensor. The multiple battery system can also include an at least one indicator element. 
     The method of the instant invention includes a method of controlling a multiple battery system comprising the method steps of polling an at least one sensor; detecting an abnormal reading from said at least one sensor; communicating the results of said detection step to an operator or a Network Operations Center; switching, upon a command from the operator, the Network Operations Center, or a controller, from a main battery to an at least one auxiliary battery; and confirming the operation of the system. 
     The method of controlling a multiple battery system can also include, after the communicating step, the method step of initiating energy conservation steps. The method can also include the method step of monitoring electrical generation and transmission into the system. The method can also include, after the confirming step, the method step of switching back to normal operating mode or alerting the operator or NOC to an electrical fault condition. 
     The invention also includes a further multiple battery management system. The system having a common positive and common negative terminal with an at least one main battery having a main positive output and a main negative output and an at least one auxiliary battery having an auxiliary positive output and an auxiliary negative output. The system also having a battery management system comprising an at least one controller, an at least one switching device, an at least one recharging selection mechanism, and an at least one sensor, wherein the battery management system selectively couples the common positive terminal with an at least one of the at least one main positive battery output or the at least one auxiliary battery positive output and the at least one recharging selection mechanism selectively couples to at least one of the at least one main or at least one auxiliary battery by coupling, through the at least one one-way charging circuit that proceeds the recharging selection mechanism, to the main common positive pole with the respective at least on battery. 
     The recharging selection mechanism can be, but is not limited to, one of an at least one relay or an at least one MOSFET or similar solid state electrical component. The at least one switching device can have an at least two operating positions and a first operating position of the at least two operating positions can couple the common positive terminal to the main positive output of the at least one main battery. The second of the two operating positions can couple the common positive terminal through the at least one switching device to the auxiliary positive output of the at least one auxiliary battery. 
     The at least one recharging selection mechanism can have at least two settings, a first setting, for instance, wherein recharging is provided through the one-way charging circuit to the auxiliary battery and a second setting wherein charge is provided through the one-way charging circuit to the main positive output of the main battery. Additionally, the battery management system can sense the condition of the at least one main and at least one auxiliary batteries and selectively engages the at least one switching device in said first position and said at least one recharge selection mechanism in said first position, coupling the main output of the at least one main battery to the common positive output and recharging the at least one auxiliary battery through the at least one one-way charging circuit. 
     Similarly, the battery management system can sense the condition of the at least one main and at least one auxiliary batteries and selectively engage the at least one switching device in said first position and said at least one recharge selection mechanism in said second position, coupling the main output of the at least one main battery to the common positive output and recharging the at least one main battery through the at least one one-way charging circuit, whereby the at least one auxiliary battery is electrically isolated. 
     Additionally, the battery management system can also sense the condition of the at least one main and at least one auxiliary batteries and selectively engage the at least one switching device in said second position and said at least one recharge selection mechanism in a first position, coupling the auxiliary positive output of the at least one auxiliary battery to the common positive output and recharging the at least one auxiliary battery through the at least one one-way charging circuit, whereby the at least one main battery is electrically isolated. 
     Also, the battery management system can sense the condition of the at least one main and at least one auxiliary batteries and selectively engage the at least one switching device in said second position and said at least one recharge selection mechanism in a second position, coupling the auxiliary positive output of the at least one auxiliary battery to the common positive output and recharging the at least one main battery through the at least one one-way charging circuit. The at least one one-way charging circuit can comprise for instance, but is not limited to, an at least one one-way charging diode. The at least one one-way charging diode further can be for instance, but is not limited to, an at least one silicon rectifier. Further, the at least one one-way charging diode can be an at least one silicon controlled rectifier (SCR). The at least one controller can couple to and communicate with a position sensor to detect the position of the switching device and selectively engages the switching device based on the input of at least one of the at least one main battery voltage sensor, the at least one main battery amperage sensor, the at least one auxiliary battery voltage sensor, and the at least one amperage sensor. The at least one auxiliary battery comprises a plurality of auxiliary batteries or a single auxiliary battery. 
     The battery management system can also further comprise for instance, but not limited to, an at least one of: an at least one microprocessor, an at least one signal processor, an at least one set of lookup tables, an at least one memory device, an at least one security protocol/encryption element and an at least one indicator element. The at least one indicator element can be for instance, but certainly is not limited to, an at least one of a klaxon, a horn, a light, a plurality of lights, an LCD panel, a simulated human voice, a human voice, a light emitting diode, a plurality of light emitting diodes. Additionally, the at least one indicator element can be a plurality of indicator elements having at least one of a red, orange, green, or amber color. 
     The invention also includes a vehicle multiple battery system. The system can comprise an accessory battery having a accessory positive output and a accessory negative output, a starter battery having a starter positive output and a starter negative output, and a controller coupled to an at least one sensor, the controller sensing the condition of the accessory and starter batteries and switching an at least one switching device to one of the at least two switching positions. The system can further comprise a switching device with at least two operating positions, the at least two operating positions selectively engaging said accessory battery and said starter battery and comprising a first operating position of said at least two operating positions wherein the common positive terminal is coupled to the accessory positive output and is further coupled to the at least one starter battery positive output through a one-way charging circuit between and preceding the at least one starter battery and a second operating position of said at least two operating positions which couples the common positive terminal to the starter positive such that the common positive terminal is coupled at a point beyond the one-way charging circuit to the starter battery positive. 
     Upon sensing a startup sequence, the controller can place the at least one switching device in the second operating position which puts the starter battery alone in series with the electrical system and prevents electrical energy in the starter battery from flowing to the accessory battery. The one-way charging circuit can electrically isolate the accessory battery in the second operating position. Similarly, in the first operating position, the one-way charging circuit can permit electrical energy from the electrical system to flow into both the accessory and starter batteries, but prevents electrical energy from flowing out of the starter battery. In the second operating position, the accessory battery is electrically isolated from the starter battery. 
     The vehicle multiple battery system may also provide, though it is certainly not limited to, having the positive outputs of the accessory battery and the at least one starter battery switched by the switching device. The second operating position of the at least two operating positions can fully disconnect the accessory battery from the electrical system and introduce only the at least one starter battery. 
     The accessory battery can be for example, but is not limited to, a 60 amp hour battery. The at least one starter battery can be for example, but is not limited to, a 25 amp hour battery. The one-way charging circuit can be for example, but is not limited to, an at least one-way charging diode. The at least one-way charging diode further can be for example, but is not limited to, an at least one silicon rectifier. The at least one silicon rectifier can be for example, but is not limited to, a silicon controlled rectifier. 
     The vehicle multiple battery system can also include a controller coupled to and switching the switching device and coupled to the one way charging circuit. An at least one sensor in can be in communication with the controller. The at least one sensor in communication with the controller can include an at least one switch position sensor to detect the position of the switching device and wherein the controller actuates the switching device based on input from the at least one switching device sensor and at least one of a battery voltage sensor, a current sensor, and a VI sensor. The at least one Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) can also be, for example, coupled to the controller and can disable the coupling of the SCR with the at least one auxiliary battery if a thermal runaway condition is detected in the auxiliary battery by the at least one sensor. 
     The invention also includes a still further exemplary embodiment of a vehicle multiple battery management system. This exemplary embodiment can have a common positive and common negative terminal, an at least one accessory battery having an accessory positive output and a accessory negative output, at least one starter battery having a starter positive output and an starter negative output; and a battery management system. The battery management system can have, but is not limited to, an at least one controller, an at least one switching device, an at least one recharging selection mechanism, and an at least one sensor, wherein the battery management system selectively couples a common positive terminal with at least one of the accessory or starter battery positive outputs and the battery management system also selectively couples the at least one recharging selection mechanism to the accessory or the starter battery by coupling, through the at least one one-way charging circuit that proceeds the recharging selection mechanism, the respective battery output to the common output. 
     The at least on recharging selection mechanism can be for example, but is not limited to, one of an at least one relay or an at least one MOSFET or similar solid state electrical component. The at least one switching device can have for example, but is not limited to, at least two operating positions and a first operating position of the at least two operating positions can couple the common positive terminal to the accessory positive output of the at least one accessory battery. The second of the two operating positions can couple the common positive terminal through the at least one switching device to the starter positive output of the at least one starter battery. 
     The at least one recharging selection mechanism can have for example, but is not limited to, an at least two settings, a first setting wherein recharging can be provided through the one-way charging circuit to the starter battery and a second setting wherein charge can be provided through the one-way charging circuit to the accessory positive output of the accessory battery. 
     The battery management system can sense the condition of the at least one accessory and at least one starter batteries and can selectively engage the at least one switching device in said first position and said at least one recharge selection mechanism in said first position, coupling the accessory output of the at least one accessory battery to the common positive output and recharging the at least one starter battery through the at least one one-way charging circuit. 
     The battery management system can also sense the condition of the at least one accessory and at least one starter batteries and can selectively engage the at least one switching device in said first position and said can engage the at least one recharge selection mechanism in said second position, coupling the accessory output of the at least one accessory battery to the common positive output and recharging the at least one accessory battery through the at least one one-way charging circuit, whereby the at least one starter battery is electrically isolated. 
     The vehicle multiple battery management system, wherein the battery management system can sense the condition of the at least one accessory and at least one starter batteries and selectively engages the at least one switching device in said second position and said at least one recharge selection mechanism in a first position, coupling the starter positive output of the at least one starter battery to the common positive output and recharging the at least one starter battery through the at least one one-way charging circuit, whereby the at least one accessory battery is electrically isolated. 
     The battery management system can sense the condition of the at least one accessory and at least one starter batteries and can selectively engage the at least one switching device in said second position and said at least one recharge selection mechanism in a second position, coupling the starter positive output of the at least one starter battery to the common positive output and recharging the at least one accessory battery through the at least one one-way charging circuit. 
     The at least one one-way charging circuit can be for example, but is not limited to, an at least one one-way charging diode. The at least one one-way charging diode can be for example, but is not limited to, an at least one silicon rectifier. The at least one one-way charging diode can be for example, but is not limited to, an at least one silicon controlled rectifier (SCR). The controller can couple to and communicate with a switch position sensor to detect the position of the switching device and selectively engages the switching device based on the input of at least one of the at least one accessory battery voltage sensor, the at least one accessory battery amperage sensor, the at least one starter battery voltage sensor, and the at least one amperage sensor. 
     The controller may include an at least one indicator element. The at least one indicator element can be for example, but is not limited to, an at least one of a klaxon, a horn, a light, a plurality of lights, an LCD panel, a simulated human voice, a human voice, a light emitting diode, a plurality of light emitting diodes. The at least one indicator element can also be for example, but is not limited to, a plurality of indicator elements having at least one of a red, orange, green, or amber color. 
     The method of the instant invention can also include the additional method steps of detecting a cycling trigger or flag; switching, upon detection of a trigger or flag, to the at least one auxiliary battery; monitoring the at least one auxiliary battery for discharge, adequate recharge and normal operation; running the electrical system on the auxiliary battery for period of time; checking the at least one auxiliary battery for discharge through the at least one sensor; and returning the at least one switch back to engage the main battery. 
     The method of the instant invention also includes a method of battery management, including the steps of detecting the condition of an at least one main battery and an at least one auxiliary battery; selectively switching a multiple battery system having a main and an auxiliary battery between an at least two positions to selectively engage at least one of the main or auxiliary batteries based on charge balancing parameters set within a controller; selectively recharging a battery system through selectively engaging a first of an at least two positions in a recharging mechanism; and maintaining a charge level in each battery through the selective switching and selective recharge of the batteries in the system. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows an isometric view of an exemplary embodiment of the instant invention. 
         FIGS. 2   a  and  2   b  show a top view and a cross-sectional view, respectively, of an exemplary embodiment of the instant invention. 
         FIGS. 3   a  and  3   b  show a top view and a circuit diagram, respectively, of an exemplary embodiment of the instant invention in a normal operational mode. 
         FIGS. 4   a  and  4   b  show a top view and a circuit diagram, respectively, of an exemplary embodiment of the instant invention in an auxiliary operational mode. 
         FIGS. 5   a  and  5   b  show a top view and a circuit diagram, respectively, of an exemplary embodiment of the instant invention in the storage operational mode. 
         FIGS. 5C-5E  show electrical schematics of a still further exemplary embodiment of the instant invention. 
         FIGS. 5F-5I  show electrical schematics of a still further exemplary embodiment of the instant invention having an enhanced battery management system. 
         FIGS. 6 and 7  show isometric views of exemplary embodiments of the instant invention as an auxiliary battery attachment system for existing main batteries. 
         FIG. 8A  shows a circuit diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the instant invention incorporating an automated controller. 
         FIG. 8B  shows a circuit diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the instant invention incorporating an automatic controller and indicator element. 
         FIG. 8C  shows an electrical schematic of a still further embodiment of the instant invention. 
         FIG. 9  shows a circuit diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the instant invention incorporating an auxiliary discharge cycling system. 
         FIG. 10A  shows a component diagram of a still further exemplary embodiment of the instant invention incorporating a wireless interface and wireless control input. 
         FIG. 10B  shows a component diagram of a yet another exemplary embodiment of the instant invention incorporating a network interfaced controller and network. 
         FIG. 11A  shows a flow chart of the operational steps for an exemplary embodiment of the controller in the instant invention. 
         FIG. 11B  shows a flow chart of the operational steps for a further exemplary embodiment of the controller in the instant invention including auxiliary battery maintenance steps. 
         FIGS. 12A-12D  show electrical schematics of a still further exemplary embodiment of the instant invention having an enhanced battery management system 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES AND EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
     In the drawings depicted elements are not necessarily drawn to scale and alike and similar elements are designated by the same and similar reference numerals throughout the several figures. 
     The instant invention is directed to a multiple battery system, having a main and an at least one auxiliary battery combination. In a non-limiting exemplary embodiment the instant invention is dimensioned to be a standard twelve-volt battery for auto, truck, marine and machinery applications meeting the original equipment manufacturers specifications. For instance, the non-limiting exemplary embodiment, as shown in  FIGS. 1 ,  2   a  and  2   b , comprises two twelve two-volt batteries in a single battery housing of conventional size and proportion. The main battery  100  and the standby, auxiliary, or backup battery  200  are contained in the housing  10 , as further described herein below. Additional embodiments could include modifications to provide six-volt, twenty-four volt, thirty-six volt, forty-eight volt, seventy-two volt and the like main and/or auxiliary batteries. Additional configurations and variations in the number of batteries, voltage of the batteries, numbers of cells, relative power of each cell, and number of compartments containing the cells can be provided to suit a particular application and would not depart from the aspects of the invention. 
       FIG. 1  shows an isometric view of an exemplary embodiment of the instant invention. In the exemplary embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 , as well as in  FIGS. 2-5 , the upper portion of the battery housing  10  contains the main battery  100  while the lower portion of the battery housing  10  comprises the auxiliary battery  200 . In the exemplary embodiment shown, the main battery  100  accounts for about three-quarters and the auxiliary battery  200  accounts for about one-quarter of the battery housing  10 . The main battery  100  terminates in a main positive output  110  and main negative output  120 . The auxiliary battery terminates in a second or auxiliary positive output  210  and a second or auxiliary negative output  220 . Thus, the exemplary embodiment shown provides two positive outputs and two negative outputs internal to the battery housing for each battery. 
     In the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 1 , at least one common positive post or terminal, in this case a set of common positive posts or terminals  310 , and at least one common negative posts or terminals, here a set of common negative posts or terminals  320 , are electrically coupled to the first  110 ,  20  and second set  120 ,  220  of outputs. The positive outputs  110 ,  210  are selectively coupled through switching device  300 , as further described herein below. Additional exemplary embodiments can provide single positive common terminals and single negative common terminals. In the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 1 , the coupling of the terminals  310 ,  320  to the respective outputs is internal to the battery housing  10 . This coupling can be done in any suitable manner, for instance a bus coupling or bus bar or through a wiring connection or similar electrical coupling means. Additional batteries may be added and the coupling of the batteries may be made external or partially external to the battery housing without departing from the spirit of the invention. 
     As depicted in the exemplary embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 , the common negative and positive terminals or posts  310 ,  320  protrude from the top and side of the external battery housing so as to be external to the battery housing  10  and easily coupled to electrical connectors extending from the electrical system (not shown). This configuration accommodates the electrical connectors for common vehicle and equipment electrical systems. Variation in the placement, the number and the type of possible posts or connections can be provided without departing from the inventive aspects of the instant invention. One non-limiting example of such a variation would be an exemplary embodiment providing internal connections to the common terminals for systems and vehicles in harsh environments. 
     The main positive output  110  and auxiliary positive output  210  are coupled to a switching device  300 , which in turn selectively electrically couples in various operating positions the batteries  100 ,  200  and their respective positive outputs  110 ,  210  to the common positive terminal  310  based on various operating conditions and switch positions. Each operating position corresponds to different circuit configurations for coupling the main battery positive output  110  and auxiliary battery positive output  210  to the common positive output post or terminal  310 . 
     In the exemplary embodiment shown in  FIGS. 1-5 , switching device  300  is included in the housing. It selectively electrically couples the main battery  100  and the auxiliary battery  200  to the electrical system of the vehicle. Additional embodiments can vary the number of operating positions or location and placement of the switching device  300 . For instance, in additional exemplary embodiments the switching device  300  may be included with an attachment or separate housing containing the circuitry and auxiliary battery  200 , as discussed further in relation to  FIGS. 6 and 7  herein below. Furthermore, for the sake of brevity in this description, reference is made to a three-position switching device  300  having first  350 , second  360 , and tertiary  370  switch positions. The relative number and position of the switch positions as shown can be changed or varied without departing from the inventive aspects of the device. Additionally, the switching of the switching device  300  may be automated through a control mechanism or circuit that senses the condition of the battery system, as further discussed in relation to  FIG. 8  herein below. Moreover, a periodic discharge system for the multiple battery system of the instant invention can also be added, as further described in relation to  FIG. 9 . 
     In the exemplary embodiment shown with the three position-switching device  300 , the switching device  300  has a first or normal operating mode or position  350 . In this position the vehicle or equipment operates off the main battery  100  which is always receiving a charge from the electrical system of the vehicle or equipment when it is running and charging the auxiliary battery  200 , as further described in relation to  FIGS. 3A and 3B  below. The switching device  300  would have a secondary or auxiliary position or operating mode  360 , wherein the auxiliary battery  200  would be engaged as the sole source of electrical power for the vehicle or device, as further described in relation to  FIGS. 4A and 4B  below. The second or auxiliary switch operating mode or position  360  would be used for emergency back up when needed to start and or operate the vehicle when the main battery  100  is incapable of starting or operating the vehicle, equipment, or machinery or when cycling the auxiliary battery  200 , as discussed below. Finally, a tertiary or storage operating mode or position  370  would be provided wherein the switching device  300  would disconnect both the main battery positive output  110  and the auxiliary battery positive output  210  from the common positive terminal  310  when not in use. 
       FIGS. 2   a  and  2   b  show a top view and a cross-sectional view, respectively, of an exemplary embodiment of the instant invention. In the exemplary embodiment depicted, each of the batteries is comprised of sets of cells contained within a main compartment  109  and an auxiliary compartment  209 , respectively. The main battery compartment  109  and auxiliary battery compartment  209 , are located one above the other, however, the relative position of each compartment can be varied. The first set of six two-volt main cells  101 - 106  is coupled in series to form the main battery  100 . The second set of six two-volt cells  201 - 206  is also coupled in series form the standby, auxiliary, or backup battery  200 . The first set of six main cells  101 - 106  that form main battery  100  terminates at main positive output  110  and main negative output  120 . Similarly, the second set of six auxiliary cells  201 - 206  that form the auxiliary battery  200  terminates at auxiliary positive output  210  and auxiliary negative output  220 . 
     To maintain the electrolytic fluid levels of the main battery  100  and the individual cells  101 - 106 , an at least one thin channel or tube, tubes  111 - 116  as shown, is provided to the main battery  100  or each of the individual cells  101 - 106  of the main battery  100 . Similarly, to maintain the electrolytic fluid levels of the auxiliary battery  200  and the individual cells  201 - 206 , an at least one thin channel or tube, tubes  211 - 216  as depicted, drop between the individual main cells  101 - 106  of the main battery  100  to act as fill tubes for the electrolytic fluid and act as a vent. The fill tubes or channel can be varied in both number and length to suit particular space and manufacturing constraints, but permit the venting of gasses and the maintenance of electrolytic fluid levels. Additionally the fill tubes or channel may be capped or uncapped, as is known in the art. 
       FIGS. 3   a  and  3   b  show a top view and a circuit diagram, respectively, of an exemplary embodiment of the instant invention in a normal operational mode.  FIG. 3A  shows the device in a first switch position  350 . In this first, main, or normal switch position or mode  350 , indicated in the circuit diagram of  FIG. 3B  at switch position S 1 , the main battery  100  is electrically couple to the electrical system and the auxiliary battery  200  is electrically coupled to the electrical system through the one way charging circuit  400 . The electrical system (not shown) is coupled to common positive post  310 , which in turn is coupled to the switching device  300 . The switching device  300 , when in the S1 position or normal operating mode  350 , connects both the main positive output  110  and the auxiliary positive output  210  via the one way charging circuit  400  to the common positive post  310  and, thereby, the electrical system (not shown). Both the main negative output  120  and auxiliary negative output  220  are coupled to the negative output post or terminal  320 , which is coupled back to the electrical system (not shown) to complete the connection. 
     The two batteries are coupled by a one-way charging circuit  400  that precedes the auxiliary battery  200 , as indicated in the circuit diagram of  FIG. 3B . The one-way charging circuit  400  is a one-way circuit allowing for electricity to pass from the electrical system of the vehicle (not shown) to replenish the auxiliary battery  200 . As the electrical system of the vehicle (not shown) is providing the current needed to run all the auxiliary equipment, it is simultaneously, through the one-way charging circuit  400 , also providing a full charging voltage to the backup or auxiliary or standby battery  200  as well as preventing any discharge from the backup or auxiliary battery  200 . Effectively, the one way charging circuit  400  is a one-way electrical valve permitting electricity to flow into the auxiliary battery  200  in the main or first switch position  350 . 
     The one-way charging circuit  400  provides the full current to the auxiliary battery  200  for charging. This is a significant departure from prior systems that disclosed variable coefficient resistors and the like in series with low capacity diodes, as these prior systems could only provide a very small amount of power to the respective standby or reserve battery. Unlike the prior designs that slow the charging current to a trickle charge, the instant invention utilizes a charging circuit that allows for the full current flow to both the main and auxiliary batteries simultaneously to allow for a speedy recovery of both batteries. This does not, however, limit the device from incorporating current regulating components to vary the amount of charge in the circuit, through the charging circuit, or to either of the batteries. 
     One exemplary embodiment of the one-way charging circuit  400  is a circuit that includes an at least one one-way charging diode  410 . The one-way charging diode  410  can be, in an exemplary embodiment, but is not limited to, an at least one silicone rectifier. The at least one silicone rectifier as the at least one one-way charging diode  410  would allow for the full current provided by the electrical system of the vehicle to reach the auxiliary battery  200  for recharging, while generating a minimum heat load and preventing the main battery from draining the auxiliary battery  200 . The at least one silicone rectifier can be of any amperage and any voltage as dictated by the amperage and voltage of the electrical system of the application. For instance, silicon rectifiers having amperage ratings of between about twenty-five and ninety-five can be used for example in twelve-volt auto, light truck, and marine systems. A non-limiting example is an exemplary embodiment for conventional twelve-volt automobiles that, for instance, uses a silicon rectifier having a forty-five amp rating as the one-way charging diode  410  as a part of the one-way charging circuit  400 . Similarly, a further exemplary configuration could include an at least one Silicone Controlled Rectifier (SCR) as further described in relation to  FIG. 8C . 
     Additional charging circuit configurations could include, but are not limited to, an at least one high capacity one-way diode  410 . This can be coupled with an at least one high capacity heat sink as the one-way charging circuit  400 . As an exemplary alternate charging circuit configuration the combination of an at least one high capacity diode  410  would need to be coupled to a suitable heat sink or similar heat dissipation device that can handle the high amounts of heat generated by the diode. Having a high capacity diode is critical as the higher amounts of heat might be unsafe if the diode is mounted alone or in too close a proximity to the volatile components of a battery. As the amount and rate of heat dissipation is greatly affected by a wide range of parameters associated with the application, the size and placement of the high capacity diode and the heat sink can vary greatly. Various design parameters associated with the diode environment, including but not limited to the proximity to plastics and volatile chemicals, the size of the at heat sink or sinks, the diode size, the location of the battery, the environment of the battery, and other parameters can be used in determining the size and ratings of the high capacity diode and heat sink combination and placement of the combination within or without the battery housing. 
       FIGS. 4   a  and  4   b  show a top down view and a circuit diagram, respectively, of an exemplary embodiment of the instant invention in an auxiliary operational mode. An operator or a controller manipulates the switching device  300  to the second or auxiliary position or mode  360 , represented by switch position S 2  in the circuit diagram of  FIG. 4B . This electrically couples the common positive terminal  310 , and thus the electrical system of the vehicle, to the positive output  210  of the auxiliary battery  200 . The connection isolates the auxiliary battery  200  from the main battery  100 , as the charging diode  400  prevents electrical current from the electrical system of the vehicle (not shown) from flowing into the main battery  100  while in this operating mode. Again, this circuit is significantly different from previous devices that dump the reserve battery into parallel with the discharged main battery. 
     These previous attempts have all disclosed applying the standby battery in parallel to the main battery. The problem with doing this is twofold. First, if there were a short or a dry cell in that main battery, that type of circuit would short the backup battery impairing its ability to start the vehicle. Moreover, even if the electrical system and main battery were in good condition, the standby battery of the prior art would be saddled with both the load of the starter and the load of the discharged battery. This weakens the standby battery taking away needed electrical power. By isolating the auxiliary battery  200  from the main battery  100  in the auxiliary mode  360 , the invention permits the fully charged auxiliary battery  200  to be used independently to start the vehicle or device. Once started, the operating mode can be manipulated back into the first or main operational position  350  and the full electrical energy of the electrical system of the vehicle can be put into charging both the main battery  100  and the auxiliary battery  200 . Additionally, failure to continue operating in the normal operating mode would be an indicator that a short or electrical system failure has occurred, as further described herein below. 
       FIGS. 5   a  and  5   b  show a top down view and a circuit diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the instant invention in a tertiary operational mode. An operator or controller manipulates the switching device  300  to the tertiary, off, or storage position  370 , represented by switch position S 3  in the circuit diagram of  FIG. 5B . This position provides for disconnection of both batteries for storage. The S 3  position disconnects the main positive output  110  and the auxiliary positive output  210  from the common positive terminal  310  and, thereby, the electrical system of the vehicle or equipment. This is useful if the vehicle or equipment is being placed in storage for instance or if the battery is being stored. 
       FIGS. 5C-5I  show an electrical schematics for a still further exemplary embodiment of the instant invention. In this further exemplary embodiment, the multiple batteries serve specific purposes determined by the operating state of a vehicle. In the embodiment depicted in  FIG. 5C , an at least one accessory battery  200 , herein shown as a single battery for simplicity, operates to provide the vehicle and the vehicle accessories power after starting. A starter battery  100  is isolated from the at least one accessory battery  200  by a one-way charging circuit  400 A. In the embodiment depicted, the one-way charging circuit  400 A includes, at least in part, a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR)  410 A, which is coupled to and controlled by a controller  700 . 
     Power is provided to the multiple battery system by an electrical system (not shown) within the vehicle. The controller  700 A is provided and coupled to at least one switching device  300 A, the one-way charging circuit  400 A and an at least one sensor  7000 . Electrical power flows from the electrical system (not shown) of the vehicle through the at least one switching device  300 A, which can be controlled by the controller  700 A or an operator to selectively engage the multiple battery system. The at least one switching device  300 A may comprise multiple switching device or a single independent switching device as shown. Again, reference is made here to a single switching device having three switching positions S 1 A, S 2 A, S 3 A, however, greater or fewer switch positions may be provided. 
     In  FIG. 5C , the exemplary embodiment is shown in an accessory operating position. In this position, noted as positions S 1 A, the SCR  410 A allows charge to flow to the starter battery  100  through the one-way charging circuit, thus preventing discharge from this battery during operation of the accessory battery  200  or the accessories. The controller  700 A through the at least one sensor  7000  can determine if a thermal runaway condition exists in the starter battery  100 . Thermal runaway is a condition whereby a cell or a battery on charge or discharge will overload and destroy itself through internal heat generation caused by some abusive condition. This often occurs when a battery or cell is continuously charged or receives an excessive charge over a short period of time. The SCR  410 A permits the controller  700 A, upon sensing the thermal runaway or other adverse condition, to effectively shut down the charging circuit  400 A by shutting off the SCR  410 A and stopping the recharging of the starter battery  100 . 
     In  FIGS. 5D and 5E  the embodiment of  FIG. 5C  is shown in a shut down position and in a starting position, respectively.  FIG. 5D  shows a shut down position for the embodiment of  FIG. 5C . When the vehicle is stopped, the multiple battery system may be placed in switch position S 3 A, corresponding to a shut down position or, alternatively, switch position S 2 A a starting position. In the shut down position or switch position S 3 A, both batteries are fully disconnected, preventing operation of accessories and preventing the starting of the vehicle. This provides enhanced vehicle security as well as additional preservation of charge by conserving the charge in both batteries. The system may remain in the accessory position S 1 A for a predetermined time or until the controller  700 A senses that all accessories have been shut off and then switched to switch position S 3 A. However, switch position S 3 A may also be omitted and the battery instead be set to a starting position or position S 2 A. 
       FIG. 5F  shows the embodiment of  FIG. 5C  in a starting position. The starting position or switch position S 2 A is selected upon positive recognition of a starting sequence by the controller  700 A or by manual operation by the operator. The positive recognition of a starting sequence may, for example, occur upon insertion of a key or detection of an electronic key or microchip. The controller  700 A communicates with the at least one switching device  300 A and switches the device to switch position S 2 A. In the switch position S 2 A the at least one switching device  300 A, as in other embodiment disclosed herein, engages the starter battery  100  in a manner that isolates it from the accessory battery  200  by connecting to the electrical circuit at a point beyond the one-way charging circuit  400 A, here at a point beyond the SCR  410 A. 
     Upon starting the vehicle, the controller senses a normal operating condition through an at least one sensor  7000  and switches the vehicle back to switch position S 1 A, where in the vehicle is run on the accessory battery  200 . This allows the starter battery  100  to be maintained at 100% charge for starting operations and, unlike other systems, the state of the accessory battery  200  does not matter during the starting procedures. The accessory battery  200  in the instant invention, as opposed to previous designs, is never brought into parallel with the starter battery- 100  and the starter battery  100  never has to contend with the load of a diminished accessory battery  200 . Therefore the accessory battery  200  may be entirely discharged and the system will still function to start a vehicle. 
       FIGS. 5F-5I  show a still further embodiment of the instant invention. Again, in the embodiment shown the multiple batteries serve specific purposes determined by the operating state of a vehicle, but similar to  FIGS. 12A-12C  an enhanced charge balancing battery management system  8000 A is provided in this exemplary embodiment. Charge balancing is a flexible control system that monitors the condition of each battery and manages both the discharging and recharging of the system within parameters established in the battery management system. Thus, the battery management system can selectively control the multiple batteries and maintain the individual charge levels by managing which battery is engaged and which battery or batteries are being recharged. The charge balancing battery management system  8000 A includes a controller  700 A, for example a microprocessor, switching device  300 A and an at least one recharge selection mechanism, herein depicted as recharge balancing relay  2 A. Alternatively, it should be noted that the recharge selection mechanism can for example be, but is not limited to, an at least one MOSFET device or similar solid state device providing similar electrical path selection capabilities. As with the embodiments of  FIGS. 5C-5E  an at least one accessory battery  100 A and a starting battery  200 A are provided for selectively coupling to a vehicle electrical system (not shown). With the addition of the charge balance relay  2 A, the multiple battery system can selectively control charge to either battery and thereby prevent thermal runaway conditions or overcharging of either battery. 
       FIG. 5F  shows the instant embodiment in a first operating configuration or operating position. The at least one sensor  700 , in the exemplary embodiment depicted two VI sensors  7001 ,  7003 , and a starter sensor  7005 , provides input to the charge balancing battery management system  8000 A regarding the condition of both the main and auxiliary batteries  100 A,  200 A and/or the electrical system. Depending on the sensed conditions, the charge balancing battery management system  8000 A through controller  700 A switches the at least one means  300 A and the recharge balancing relay  2 . The charge balancing battery management system  8000 A is coupled to the at least one switching device  300 A with an at least two switch positions. In this instance, the at least one switching device  300 A has, but is certainly not limited to, switching positions S 1 A, S 2 A and S 3 A. 
     Additionally coupled from to charge balancing battery management system  8000 A is a one-way charging circuit  400 A. Following the one way charging circuit  400 A is a charge-balancing relay  2 A. The charge-balancing relay  2 A moves between a first relay position R 1 A and a second relay position R 2 A. The at least one switching device  300 A and the at least one recharge balancing relay  2 A are selectively coupled to the main battery  200  and the auxiliary battery  100  as shown in each  5 F- 5 I by the controller  700 A as part of the battery management system  8000 A. In  FIG. 5F , the at least one switching device  300 A is in position S 1 A operating the vehicle from the accessory battery  200 . Simultaneously the at least one charges balancing relay  2 A is in relay position R 1 A providing the charge through the one way charging circuit  400 A to the starter battery  100 . This is the operating mode of the system when the vehicle has started. 
       FIG. 5G  shows a second operating configuration for the embodiment of  FIG. 5F . In this position, the at least one switching device  300 A is in position S 1 A operating the vehicle from the accessory battery  200 . Simultaneously the at least one charges balancing relay  2 A is in relay position R 2 A shunting power from the one way charging circuit  400 A to the accessory battery  200 . This prevents charge from reaching the starter battery  100 . This operating mode would be selected if an overcharge condition or thermal runaway condition were detected in the starter battery  100 . The charge balancing battery management system  8000 A would receive this information through an at least one sensor  7000 . The controller  700 A would analyze the data and switch accordingly to the operating mode. Additionally, a visual alert can be provided to the operator of the vehicle to alert them to the overcharge condition and the change in operating configuration. 
       FIG. 5H  shows a third operating configuration for the embodiment of  FIG. 5F . In  FIG. 5H  the controller  700 A puts the at least one switching device  300 A in position S 2 A engaging the starter battery  100  to start the vehicle. The controller  700 A also sets the at least one recharge balancing relay  2 A in relay position R 2 A coupling the at least one charging circuit  400 A to the accessory battery  200 , which provides unidirectional electrical flow to the accessory battery  200 . Simultaneously, the system is being run on the starter battery  100 . This operational configuration occurs when a start up condition is sensed by the charge balancing battery management system  8000 A. Upon sensing a successful start, the charge balancing battery management system  8000 A can switch back to the operating configuration shown in  FIG. 5F , thus engaging the accessory battery  200  and continuing to allow it to recharge. 
       FIG. 5I  shows a fourth operating configuration for the embodiment of  FIG. 5F . In this still further operating configuration, the at least one switching device  300 A is again set to switch position S 2 A. The at least one recharge balancing relay  2 A is in relay position R 1 A coupling the at least one charging circuit  400 A directly to the starter battery  200 , effectively isolating the accessory battery  200 . In this configuration the vehicle is running on the starter battery  40  without charging the accessory battery  200 . This configuration is an emergency configuration, used if the accessory battery  100 A  200  is damaged and will not hold charge. In this case the starter battery  100  is to be engaged and used to run the vehicle in this operational configuration until service can be sought for the accessory battery  200 . This configuration may be accompanied by an alert for the driver, for instance an audible or visual alarm  7050 , similar to the alerts described herein in relation to  FIGS. 11A and 11B . Additionally, the charge balancing battery management system  8000 A may restrict the type and number of accessories run in the vehicle in this configuration. 
       FIGS. 6 and 7  show isometric views of alternate exemplary embodiments of the instant invention employed as an auxiliary battery attachment for existing main batteries. In the further exemplary embodiment depicted in  FIG. 6 , the circuitry, switching device  300 , and auxiliary battery  200  are provided as a “backpack” battery attachment system. 
     The conventional main battery  1000  does not share a common housing with the auxiliary battery  200 , but instead the two are coupled through positive coupling  330  and negative coupling  340 , and a common circuitry housing  509 . The circuitry housing  509  is hung from the conventional main battery  1000  and its existing positive output  1100  and negative output  1200 . This allows application of the invention to existing conventional batteries. 
     The exemplary embodiment of the attachment device shown in  FIG. 6  is coupled to the existing main battery  1000  by disconnecting the electrical leads (not shown) coming from the vehicle or machinery and applying the leads to the common negative terminal  320  and common positive terminal  310  of the exemplary embodiment, located externally on the common circuitry housing  509  in the embodiment depicted. The exemplary embodiments depicted in both  FIGS. 6 and 7  have the same switching device  300  as the previously discussed exemplary embodiments, but only six cells comprising the auxiliary battery  200  are enclosed within the circuitry housing  509 . Auxiliary positive output  210  and auxiliary battery negative output  220  are also enclosed in the circuitry housing and electrically coupled to the common positive terminal  310  and common negative terminal  320 , in a manner similar to that discussed above in the previous exemplary embodiments. The circuitry housing  509 , the one-way charging circuit  400 , and the switching device  300  can be provided to perform all of the same functions of the previously described exemplary embodiments of the instant invention, along with the same variations. 
     The exemplary embodiment shown includes a similar one-way charging circuits  400 , that can include at least one one-way charging diode  400  and similar switched circuit configurations with positions S 1 , S 2  and S 3 , as described in relation to  FIGS. 3   b ,  4   b , and  5   b . Similar amperage ratings and voltages for various applications can be utilized in the exemplary embodiments of the attachment system. This provides similar functionality from the attachment system embodiments of the instant invention. The positions would include a first, main, or normal operating mode or position  350  in which the vehicle or equipment operates off the main battery  1000 , which is always receiving a charge from the electrical system of the vehicle or equipment and charging the auxiliary battery  200 ; a secondary or auxiliary position  360 , where the auxiliary battery  200  would be engaged as the sole source of electrical power for the vehicle or device; and a tertiary or storage position  370 . The second or auxiliary switch position  360  would be used for emergency back up when needed to start and or operate the vehicle when the main battery  1000  is incapable of starting or operating the vehicle, equipment, or machinery. Thus the attachment device would provide a retrofit version of the instant invention, requiring no modification or conversion of existing vehicle or machinery electrical systems, while providing identical performance to the exemplary embodiments of the multiple battery system. 
     The shape and configuration of the exemplary embodiments of the attachment system can be varied to fit the specific space constraints of various applications. For instance the further embodiment of  FIG. 7  is horizontally oriented so as to sit atop the main battery  1000  rather than hang from the side. The elements of the exemplary embodiment of the attachment device shown in  FIG. 7  are similar to the exemplary embodiment of the invention shown in  FIG. 6 , the conventional main battery  1000  does not share a common housing with the auxiliary battery  200 , but the two are coupled through a common circuitry housing  509  and couplings  330  and  340 . The principal differences being that the auxiliary battery  200  and couplings  330  and  340  sit atop the main battery  1000 . Additionally, as mentioned above, the location of common positive and negative terminals  310 ,  320 , the auxiliary outputs  210 ,  220  and, to the extent that the existing conventional battery may allow, the main battery outputs  1100 ,  1200 , the type of switching device  300  and the voltage rating of the auxiliary battery  200  can be varied without departing from the spirit of the invention. 
       FIG. 8A  shows a circuit diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the instant invention incorporating an automated controller. In addition to the switching device  300  and circuitry disclosed previously, an additional control system is provided for automated control of the invention. A controller  700  is provided, this can for instance be, but is not limited to, a microprocessor. The controller  700  is coupled to the at least one sensor in the battery system to sense the condition of at least one of the batteries through these connections. 
     The controller  700  monitors and detects various operating conditions of the batteries through the at least one sensor. The at least one sensor can include, but is not limited to, any of an at least one main battery, an at least one auxiliary battery, and at least one switch sensor or any additional sensors that may be appropriate. The controller  700  can continuously or selectively monitor for example, but not limited to, any of the following parameters with any of the at least one main, auxiliary, or switch sensors: the auxiliary battery voltage, the main battery voltage, the auxiliary battery amperage, the main battery amperage, temperature, vibration, current, the switch state, the switch position, and the condition of various flags and various timers within the system or similar parameters. In the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 8A , an at least one main battery sensor is provided. The at least one main battery sensor is shown as two main battery sensors  710 , 720 . These measure the voltage through main battery sensor  710  and the amps through main battery sensor  720  of the main battery  100 . Also in the exemplary embodiment shown, an at least one auxiliary battery sensor is provided. The at least one auxiliary battery sensor is shown as two auxiliary sensors  730 ,  740 . These measure the voltage, through auxiliary sensor  730 , and the amperage, through auxiliary sensor  740 , of the auxiliary battery  200 . Additionally in the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 8 , an at least one switch position sensor  750  can be provided to sense the position and condition of the switching device  300 . 
     In each case the sensors  710 - 750  communicate with the controller  700  providing various parameter inputs. Upon detecting parameter inputs that match pre-programmed conditions, set through flags, triggers, timers and other common control elements, the controller  700  sends a signal to switching device  300  to change the state of the switching device  300 . The controller  700  then verifies the result of the change of state. The switching sensor  750  is connected to the controller  300  to relay relevant data on the switching device. 
       FIG. 8B  shows a circuit diagram of yet a further embodiment of the instant invention. In this further embodiment of the instant invention an indicator element  775  is utilized in conjunction with an automatic a controller  700  that provides fully automated functionality in the switching of the instant invention. In this embodiment, the at least one sensor includes a main battery sensor  710  and an auxiliary batter sensor  740  for sensing the condition of both batteries, respectively. In the exemplary embodiment, the automatic controller  700 , through the main battery sensor  710 , poles the main battery  100  to determine its condition. Polling can also be done at the auxiliary battery or simultaneously at either battery. If the automatic controller  700  determines that an abnormal discharge condition exists, the indicator element  775  is activated to indicate the abnormal condition. The controller  700  automatically switches the switching device element  300  from a first operating position S 1 , in which the main battery  100  is coupled to the electrical system and the auxiliary battery  200  is coupled to the electrical system through a one-way charging diode  400 , to a second operational position S 2 , where the main battery  100  is uncoupled from the electrical system and the auxiliary battery  200  is coupled to the electrical system in a manner that bypasses the one-way charging diode  400 . 
     In the exemplary embodiment shown, the controller  700  then monitors the condition of the auxiliary battery  200  through the at least one sensor, for instance the auxiliary battery sensor  740  in  FIG. 8B . Once a sufficient charge to recharge the main battery  100  has been detected by the auxiliary battery sensor  740 , coming for example from the alternator or other electrical generation devices in the electrical system, the automatic controller  700  switches the system back to its first operating mode S 1  and both batteries are simultaneously charged. As part of the at least one sensor, additional sensors or sensors in other parts of the electrical system can monitor and report to the controller as well. These help to confirm the restoration of normal operations. 
     In the exemplary embodiment shown, if a fault/no charge condition is detected from the electrical system, the auxiliary battery sensor  740  will send this information to the automatic controller  700  and the controller  700  will then provide an indicator warning, for example through the at least one indicator element  775 , for an operator. The indicator element  775  can be visually based, or audibly based or both. It can be for example, but is not limited to, a klaxon, a horn, a light, a plurality of lights, an LCD panel, a simulated human voice, a human voice, a light emitting diode, a plurality of light emitting diodes, or other suitable indicator. The at least one indicator element  775  can be activated to provide an alert and/or provide notice of any or all battery conditions, an electrical system failure, or any other condition or state of the electrical system and/or the instant invention. This alert allows for the appropriate action to be taken in seeking assistance if a fault condition exists, as explained in relation to the methods described below. 
       FIG. 8C  shows an electrical schematic of a still further embodiment of the instant invention. In the embodiment of  FIG. 8C  the charging circuit includes an at least on Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR)  4000  to provide added safety and longevity for the auxiliary battery  200 . The embodiment utilizes a configuration similar to that of  FIG. 8B , save for the use of the SCR  4000 . The SCR  4000  communicates with the controller  700 . The at least one sensor includes auxiliary sensor  740 . If the auxiliary battery  200  is being overcharged, based on the auxiliary sensor  740  input, the SCR  4000  as part of the charging circuit can be shut down by the controller  700  effectively shutting off the circuit pathway to the auxiliary battery  200 , thus uncoupling the auxiliary battery  200  from the system in a controlled manner. This provides an additional factor of safety by preventing overcharge of the auxiliary battery  200  in the exemplary embodiment disclosed. Allowing for shutdown if an overcharge condition exists also improves the longevity of the auxiliary battery  200 . 
       FIG. 9  shows circuit diagram for an auxiliary battery discharge cycling system for a still further exemplary embodiment of the instant invention. The still further embodiment of the instant invention is provided that includes an auxiliary battery discharge cycling system  800 . This discharge cycling system can, for instance, be included as an automated auxiliary battery discharge cycling system, as shown in the exemplary circuit diagram of  FIG. 9 . In other non-limiting examples of exemplary embodiments, the discharge cycling system can be incorporated as part of the controller  700  shown in  FIG. 8  or as a separate manual discharge unit or through simple instructions to the operator to periodically run the vehicle in the second or auxiliary operational setting in an auxiliary setting for a short period of time. 
     The auxiliary battery discharge cycling system  800  would operate to ensure the longevity of the auxiliary battery  200  by periodically engaging the auxiliary battery  200  to start and/or operate the vehicle or equipment. Such a system can include a timer  820  coupled to a switching device  300 , the timer  820  periodically activating the switching device  300  which in turn switches the system to the auxiliary operational mode  360  for a short period of time, as described above in relation to  FIGS. 4   a  and  4   b . The system would operate to periodically provide for a slight discharge the auxiliary battery  200  in the auxiliary-operating mode  350 . By providing for a slight discharge, the auxiliary battery  200  would be lower than its peak voltage and would then need to be recharged by the battery system in its first or normal operating mode, as described above. This would help extend the life of the auxiliary battery by maintaining the condition of the electrodes and keeping the electrolytic solution active. The exemplary embodiments employing the auxiliary battery discharge cycling system  800  in its various forms would only operate for a short period of time so as not to accidentally run down the auxiliary battery  200 . 
     The instant invention also acts as a discharge condition indicator. If an operator were to utilize the auxiliary battery  200  to start the vehicle or machinery, they would switch to the auxiliary circuit position  360  or S 2  in the circuit diagrams. Once the vehicle started the user would return the switching device  300  to the normal or main operating position  350 , engaging the circuit associated with the normal operating position, in order to charge both batteries to full capacity. If upon returning the switching device  300  to the normal operating position  350  the engine were to stop running, it would indicate a general operating failure in the electrical system, for instance a bad alternator or generator. At this point the operator would be able to return the switching device  300  to the auxiliary position  360  and engage the auxiliary battery  200  to supply the needed energy to start and run the vehicle or equipment from the auxiliary battery  200  allowing a certain amount of operating time, depending on the application, to obtain service. Thus the system allows for increased safety for a traveler, giving sufficient time, for instance, to get a car off the road and home or to a service station. 
       FIG. 10A  shows a component diagram of a still further exemplary embodiment of the instant invention incorporating a wireless interface and wireless control input. In addition to the switching device  300  and circuitry disclosed in any of the previous embodiments, an additional wireless control system  1500  is provided in this embodiment. The wireless control system  1500  may comprise, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: an at least one microprocessor, a signal transmitter, a signal receiver, a security protocol/encryption element, an indicator element and other typical control elements. The wireless control system  1500  is coupled to electrical control circuit having the microprocessor controlled switching device  7000  with an at least two operating positions and includes an at least one sensor to sense the condition of at least one of the batteries. 
     In the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 10A , the wireless controller system  1500  monitors and detects various operating conditions of the batteries through the at least one sensor. The at least one sensor can include, but is not limited to, any of an at least one main battery, at least one auxiliary battery, and an at least one switch sensor and/or any additional sensors. The at least one sensor can also include any of the previously disclosed sensors or other sensors coupled to the electrical system (not shown) for sensing the condition of the electrical system. The wireless controller system  1500 , through the at least one sensor monitors the condition of the instant invention and the battery system. The wireless controller system  1500  can for example continuously monitor, but is not limited to, any of the following parameters with any of the at least one sensors: the auxiliary battery voltage, the main battery voltage, the auxiliary battery amperage, the main battery amperage, temperature, vibration, current, the switch state, the switch position, and the condition of various flags and various timers within the system. 
     In the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 10A , the at least one sensor is shown as a main battery sensor  710  and an auxiliary battery sensor  740  that are provided to monitor the respective batteries. These sensors can for instance be, but are not limited to, VI sensors. The microprocessor controlled switch  7000  and the main and auxiliary battery sensors  710 ,  740  are coupled to the wireless controller  1500  through an Input/Output (I/O) bus  7100 . The automatically controlled microprocessor switch  7000  is actuated by the wireless controller system  1500  in response to input from a wireless input device  1550 , as further described below. 
     In the exemplary embodiment shown, once the wireless controller system  1500  senses a lower than required main battery parameter, a signal is sent wirelessly or via a conventional electrical coupling to an at least one indicator element  775 , for example a light emitting diode (LED). The at least one indicator element  775  may be coupled via a terrestrial coupling, for instance through a wire to an LED in a vehicle dashboard. Alternatively and as shown in  FIG. 10A , the indicator element  775  can be wirelessly coupled to the control system  1500 , for instance by providing a transceiver in a wireless input device  1550  as shown in the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 10A , where the indicator element  775  is an LED mounted on a key fob housing. In the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 10A , with the wireless input device  1510  having a transceiver, a signal is transmitted from the wireless control system  1500  to the wireless input device  1510  the input device transceiver mounted within the wireless input device  1550 , here the key fob, which turns the indicator element  775 , an LED light, on. Although an LED light is specifically mentioned, any of the indicator elements previously discussed or other appropriate indicating devices may be used. An alert is thus provided and appropriate actions may then be taken to save power until the auxiliary battery  200  is required. 
     The auxiliary battery  200  can be engaged immediately or when power is required. In the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 10A , this is accomplished through the transceiver within the wireless input device  1510  that is activated, in this case a key fob with may also have a button that, once depressed, sends a signal to the wireless controller system  1500 . The wireless controller  1500 , signals the microprocessor controlled switching device  7000  to switch from normal operating mode S 1  to auxiliary operating mode S 2 , isolating the main battery  100  and engaging the auxiliary battery  200 . 
     After the requirement for the auxiliary battery  200  has passed, the wireless controller  1500  continues to monitor the system through one of the at least one sensors, in this instance auxiliary battery sensor  740 . It monitors the auxiliary battery  200  condition to detect whether it is being recharged. If a recharge condition is sensed, the wireless controller system  1500  instructs the microprocessor controlled switching device  7000  to switch back to a normal operating mode S 1  and sends a signal to the indicator element  775 , turning it off. If an abnormal recharge condition or no recharge is sensed, the wireless controller  1500  can activate the at least one indicator element  775  to provide a second alert indicating an electrical fault condition. It can then switch to auxiliary mode and allow for the necessary service(s) to be obtained for the system. 
       FIG. 10B  shows a component diagram of a yet another exemplary embodiment of the instant invention incorporating a network interfaced controller and network. In referring to this exemplary embodiment and other exemplary embodiments, a “controller” or “network interfaceable controller” refers to any apparatus that is capable of accepting a structured input, processing the structured input according to prescribed rules, and producing results of the processing as output. The output may or may not affect the operation of other devices. Examples of a controller include: a microprocessor, a programmable logic chip, a digital signal processor, a microcontroller, a computer; a general purpose computer; a supercomputer; a mainframe; a super mini-computer; a mini-computer; a workstation; a micro-computer; a server; an interactive television; and any a hybrid combination of a computer and an interactive television. A computer also refers to two or more computers connected together via a network for transmitting or receiving information between the computers. An example of such a network interfaceable controller includes a distributed control system for processing information via computers linked by a network. 
     A “network” refers to a number of controllers, computers, programmable logic devices, and/or network controllers and associated devices that are connected by a communication system and communication facilities to allow for communication. A network may involve permanent connections such as cables or other terrestrial components or temporary connections such as those made through telephone, satellite, cellular systems, radio frequency transceivers, or other wireless communication links. Examples of networks include: a cellular communications network, radio frequency networks, wireless data networks, an internet—such as the Internet; an intranet, a local area network (LAN); a wide area network (WAN); a controller area network (CAN), local interconnect network (LIN) and a combination of networks, such as an internet and an intranet. This includes specialized data monitoring networks, such as ONSTAR™ and similar services. 
       FIG. 10B  shows a component diagram for an exemplary embodiment of the instant invention utilizing a network interface. A network interfaceable controller  3510  polls the condition of its sensors. The network interfaceable controller  3510  is coupled to the battery system via an I/O port  7100 . The I/O port  7100  is robust, with sufficient carrying capacity to provide a full data stream to and from all of the sensors. The network interfaceable controller  3510  may regularly or selectively report conditions via a network  5000 , for instance a satellite network or terrestrial cellular network, to a Network Operation Center (NOC)  5010 . The NOC  5010  monitors the condition of the sensed parameters of the network interface  3510 , including the battery system condition. If the condition of the main battery  100 , as measured by any appropriate parameters and sensed by an at least one sensor, falls below set parameter(s) an indicator alert is triggered and/or sent to the NOC  5010  via network  5000 . 
     Appropriate actions are taken to conserve power and notify the operator of the steps taken. For instance, all non-essential auxiliary electric devices may be shut down by the NOC  5010 . The NOC  5010 , either after a response from an operator or upon its own volition, can switch the battery to the auxiliary battery  200  through switch position S 2  to facilitate the power requirements of the electrical system. The operator or the NOC  5010  can then confirm a satisfactory battery system condition. Alternatively, if used in a switched network of batteries, such as in solar generation systems, verification can be used in setting the charging status of the system or in determining appropriate service need for such an application. 
     In the exemplary embodiment shown, the NOC  5010  or the network interfaceable controller  3510  allows the auxiliary battery  200  to continue to discharge while sensing output from a recharging device (not shown), for example an alternator, to the switched controller  5010  through the at least one sensor. Based on the sensed output from the recharging device, the NOC  5010  can then switch the battery to the normal operating position S 1  and allow for normal operation S 1  or, if the alternator output is abnormal, the NOC  5010  can alert the operator to the electrical fault condition in the electrical system and return to the auxiliary operating position S 2 . 
       FIG. 11A  shows a flow chart of the operational steps for an exemplary embodiment of the controller in the instant invention In step  2000 , the controller, wireless controller, or network interfaced controller polls the at least one sensor to determine the condition of a main battery. In step  2100 , a decision is made via the processing logic to determine if an abnormal operating parameter(s) is being reported on the main battery. If no abnormal operating parameters are present, the next step follows the negative branch of the decision loop and returns to step  2000 . The repetition may include a delay between successive polling steps  2000  or additional sensing steps for additional sensors. In the operation of the exemplary embodiment of the invention with a network interfaced controller described in  FIG. 11A , the network interfaced controller can also immediately report or periodically report the normal operating status that is a result of the polling step  2000  via the network to the NOC. However, if an abnormal operating parameter is identified, the process moves along the affirmative branch of the decision loop to step  2200 . At step  2200 , the controller signals the operator or transmits to the NOC that an abnormal battery condition, for instance a low battery voltage, has been detected. 
     A confirmation signal is returned to the controller and received in step  2300  and the controller, the NOC, or the operator initiates energy conservation steps. For instance, if the instant invention is used in a vehicle with headlights or similar lighting, this lighting could be turned off by the operator or remotely by the network. The invention may report these conservation steps to an operator, either immediately or upon the arrival of the operator at the system site. 
     In step  2400  the controller, network interfaced controller, or wireless controller activates the switching device, for instance a microprocessor controlled switch, to switch the system from a first operational mode with the main battery engaged by the electrical system to an auxiliary operational mode, with the auxiliary battery being engaged by the electrical system and the main battery being isolated. 
     The system then confirms normal operation in step  2500 . The controller then monitors the electrical generation of the system in step  2600 . The controller analyzes the output of the generation and decision is made in step  2700 . If the generation parameters are normal, the controller can switch the switching device back to a main operational mode and engage the main battery in step  2800 . If an abnormal generation parameter(s) is detected, an alert is sent to the operator and/or the NOC  5010  to indicate an electrical fault condition in step  2900   
       FIG. 11B  shows a flow chart of the operational steps for the controller in the instant invention including an automatic cycling method for cycling the auxiliary battery. In this additional method of operation, the automatic controller provides for a cycling routine to keep the auxiliary battery in good condition. Steps  2000 - 2900  are identical to those previously discussed in relation to  FIG. 11A , except that if normal operating parameters result in the polling step  2000 , then an additional decision step  6000  is made for a triggering event for the cycling method steps. The triggering even may be based on operational parameters of the electrical system or on mileage or on time in service. 
     If no triggering event has occurred, then the negative branch is followed and the controller loops back to step  2000 . If a triggering even is found, the controller at step  6100  switches the switching device into the auxiliary operating mode at S 2  and switch to the auxiliary battery, as discussed previously. At step  6200 , the controller then monitors for adequate charge and operation of the auxiliary battery. The system then continues to step  6400 , running the electrical system on the auxiliary battery. At method step  6500 , the system checks discharge level of the auxiliary battery. After checking for discharge, the controller at step  6500  checks for the recharge of the auxiliary batter. The amount of recharging can be set by the controller for a predetermined time or amount of energy. After recharging battery at step  6500 , the system switches back to a normal operating position at step  6600 . The controller then loops back to the polling step  2000  and begins the method again. 
       FIG. 12A  shows a further embodiment of the instant invention. The embodiment of  FIG. 12A  shows a first operating position for an enhanced battery management system. The charge balancing battery management system  8000  provides added flexibility by allowing the multiple battery system to selectively engage and or recharge either battery, thereby managing the charge balance of the system. Thus the charge balance battery management system provides a significant benefit over previous designs. 
     The charge balancing battery management system  8000  incorporates some of the same features as the auxiliary battery discharge system discussed in relation to  FIG. 9 , but extends the manner and flexibility for management of the battery conditions. The battery management system  8000 , like the auxiliary battery discharge system, can selectively control the discharge of either battery and, additionally, the charge balancing battery management system  8000  can selectively control the charging of each battery to maintain charge balance throughout the multiple battery system. The charge balancing battery management system  8000  can thus operate to prevent discharge and thermal runaway conditions or similar disadvantageous operating conditions when they are sensed, but the charge balancing battery management system  8000  allows this upon detection of either condition in any of the batteries in the multiple battery system. 
     An at least one sensor  7000 , shown here as two VI sensors  7001 ,  7003 , couples to the charge balancing battery management system  8000  providing information on the condition of the batteries, vehicle, and/or electrical system. The battery charge balancing battery management system  8000  is coupled to an at least one switching device  300  with an at least two switch positions. In this instance, the at least one switching device  300  has, but is certainly not limited to, switching positions S 1 , S 2  and S 3 . Additionally coupled to the charge balancing battery management system  8000  is a one-way charging circuit  400 . An at least one charge-balancing relay  2  follows the one way charging circuit  400 . Although the at least one recharge selection mechanism is herein depicted as recharge balancing relay  2 , it should be noted that the recharge selection mechanism can for example also be, but is not limited to, an at least one MOSFET device or similar solid state device providing similar electrical path selection capabilities The at least one charge-balancing relay  2  moves between an at least two relay positions, in this exemplary embodiment this is depicted, bud does not limit the invention, as a first relay position R 1  and a second relay position R 2 . The at least one switching device  300  and the at least one recharge balancing relay  2  are selectively coupled to the main battery  100  and the auxiliary battery  200  as shown in each of  FIGS. 12A-12D  by the controller  700  as part of the battery management system  8000 . 
     In the configuration shown in  FIG. 12A , the at least one sensor  7000 , here shown as the two VI sensors  7001 ,  7003 , in this exemplary embodiment, provide input to the charge balancing battery management system  8000  regarding the condition of both the main and auxiliary batteries  100 ,  200 . Although a single auxiliary battery is depicted, multiple auxiliary batteries may be provided without departing from the spirit of the invention. Similarly, although the at least one switching device  300  is shown as a single switching device and the at least one recharge balancing relay  2  is shown as a single recharge balancing relay, multiple switching devices and relays may be provided without departing from the spirit of the invention. Additionally, although reference is made to switch positions S 1  and S 2  and relay positions R 1  and R 2 , these are provided only as non-limiting examples. 
     Depending on the sensed conditions, the charge balancing battery management system  8000  through controller  700  switches the at least one switching device  300  and at least one recharge balancing relay  2 . In the operating configuration depicted in  FIG. 12A , the switching device  300  is in position S 1  operating the electrical system from the main battery  100 . Simultaneously the at least one recharge balancing relay  2  is in relay position R 1  providing the charge through the one-way charging circuit  400  to the auxiliary battery  200 . In this configuration the main battery  100  is operating the electrical system and the auxiliary battery  200  is being charged. 
       FIG. 12   b  shows a second operating configuration of the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 12A . In this configuration the at least one switching device  300  is in switch position S 1  again running the electrical system from the main battery  100 . However, the at least one recharge balancing relay  2  is in relay position R 2  closing the circuit between the one way charging circuit  400  and the main battery  100 . By closing the at least one recharge balancing relay  2  to the relay position R 2  the electrical flow to the auxiliary battery  200  ceases. This condition would result when an overcharge or thermal runway or similar adverse condition is detected. This effectively prevents charge from entering the auxiliary battery  200  and causing damage to the battery. The system may also switch operating configurations to discharge the auxiliary batter  200  in a manner similar to the auxiliary battery discharge system discussed above in relation to  FIG. 9 . 
       FIG. 12C  shows a still further operating configuration of the embodiment disclosed in  FIG. 12A . In  FIG. 12C  the charge balancing battery management system  8000  through controller  700  puts the at least one switching device  300  in position S 2  engaging the auxiliary battery  200  to operate the electrical system. The controller  700  also sets the at least one recharge balancing relay  2  to relay position R 2 , coupling the at least one charging circuit  400  to the main battery  100  and providing unidirectional charge to the main battery  100 . Simultaneously, the electrical system is being operated by and charging the auxiliary battery  200  as shown. 
       FIG. 12D  shows a still further operating configuration of the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 12A . In this configuration, the at least one switching device  300  is again set to switch position S 2 . The at least one recharge balancing relay  2  is in relay position R 1  coupling the at least one charging circuit  400  to auxiliary battery  200 . This isolates the main battery  100  from the multiple battery system. In this configuration the electrical system is operating on the auxiliary battery  200  without charging the main battery  100 . The multiple battery system would enter this configuration if the charge balancing battery management system  8000  sensed a thermal runaway or similar adverse condition in the main battery  100  or if the main battery  100  were damaged and not holding a charge. This operational mode could be accompanied by an audio or visual alarm similar to that described in relation to  FIG. 11 . 
     The embodiments and examples discussed herein are non-limiting examples. The invention is described in detail with respect to exemplary embodiments, and it will now be apparent from the foregoing to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the invention in its broader aspects, and the invention, therefore, as defined in the claims is intended to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit of the invention.