Patent Publication Number: US-2022226839-A1

Title: Heated hose nozzle

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of, and claims priority to, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/968,212, filed 1 May 2018, the entire contents of which is incorporated by reference as if fully set forth below. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The disclosed technology relates generally to heated hose nozzles that are capable of heating water from a hose, and more particularly to a nozzle with apertures sized to facilitate heating groundwater to a sufficient temperature based on the expected temperature of the groundwater. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In use, one end of a typical garden hose is connected to an outdoor spigot while the other end is open or connected to a nozzle, such as a sprayer. When a nozzle is used on the end of the garden hose, the water comes under pressure and can be selectively dispensed from the nozzle. The temperature of the water running out of the spigot and thus, the nozzle, tends to be at the temperature of the ground. The temperature of the groundwater varies depending on where the groundwater is located. For example, groundwater in the Northeastern United States tends to be approximately 42° F. whereas the temperature of the groundwater in the Southeastern United States tends to be approximately 72° F. Furthermore, the temperature of the groundwater can change depending on the time of year. 
     For many applications, the temperature of the water supplied from the outdoor spigot is not important for the end use. In other applications, however, heated water is desirable or even necessary for the end use. Providing heated water to remote locations inside and outside a home can be challenging. For example, the tanks used to heat and store hot water do not tend to be connected to outdoor spigots. Because of this, few options are available for supplying heated water to remote locations. Furthermore, portable water heating systems are often unable to accurately account for the wide variations in groundwater temperature from one region to the next. Thus, although a portable heating system may be capable of sufficiently heating groundwater to an acceptable temperature in one region, the same portable heating system may be unable to sufficiently heat the groundwater in another region. 
     What is needed, therefore, is a way of heating a supply of water (e.g., from a common spigot or garden hose) by using a nozzle capable of accurately heating the water to a suitable temperature. 
     SUMMARY 
     The disclosed technology includes a hose nozzle assembly with apertures sized to facilitate heating groundwater to a sufficient temperature based on the expected temperature of the groundwater. The hose nozzle assembly can have a handheld enclosure having a handle portion and a body portion. The handle portion can be connected to the body portion and can be adapted to be gripped by a user. The hose nozzle assembly can include a heating chamber having an inlet, an outlet, and a heating element configured to heat a fluid. A spray nozzle can be connected to the body portion and can be configured to direct a flow of fluid from the body portion. The spray nozzle can include a first aperture configured to provide a first spray pattern at a first flow rate corresponding to a first change in temperature of fluid flowing through the heating chamber, and a second aperture configured to provide a second spray pattern at a second flow rate corresponding to a second change in temperature of fluid flowing through the heating chamber. The second flow rate can be less than the first flow rate and the second change in temperature can be greater than the first change in temperature. 
     The first aperture can be configured to facilitate heating the fluid with the heating element from a first inlet temperature to approximately a target temperature. The second aperture can be configured to facilitate heating the fluid with the heating element from a second inlet temperature to approximately the target temperature. The second inlet temperature can be less than the first inlet temperature. 
     The hose nozzle assembly can include a fluid inlet in fluid communication with the heating chamber and adapted for attachment to a hose, a valve in fluid communication with the fluid inlet and configured to control the flow of fluid, and a valve trigger for controlling the valve. The valve trigger can be configured to activate the heating element upon actuation of the trigger. 
     The hose nozzle assembly can further include an air vent in fluid communication with the heating chamber. The air vent can be configured to permit air to exit the heating chamber. The air vent can be proximate the outlet of the heating chamber. 
     The hose nozzle assembly can further include an outlet valve that can be configured to adjust a flow rate of the fluid exiting the spray nozzle. The outlet valve can be proximate the outlet of the heating chamber. The hose nozzle assembly can further include a flow straightener positioned between, and in fluid communication with, the outlet valve and the spray nozzle. The flow straightener can be configured to reduce a turbulence of the fluid flowing through the hose nozzle assembly. 
     The flow straightener can be configured to cause the fluid to achieve an approximately laminar flow prior to passing through the spray nozzle. 
     The heating element can be a sheathed heating element. The heating chamber can include a longitudinal axis extending therethrough and the sheathed heating element can extend at least partially into the heating chamber. A length of the sheathed heating element can be oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the heating chamber and a width of the sheathed heating element can be oriented perpendicular to a plane extending through the heating chamber in the direction of the handle portion. 
     The spray nozzle can be adapted for attachment to a hose. The hose nozzle assembly can further include a bimetal thermostatic switch configured to disable power to the heating element if a temperature of the fluid flowing through the hose nozzle assembly is greater than a maximum temperature. 
     The hose nozzle assembly can include a temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature of the fluid and a control board housed within the handheld enclosure, in communication with the temperature sensor, and configured to control a heat output of the heating element based on data received from the temperature sensor. The control board can be configured to modulate power to the heating element based on temperature data received from the temperature sensor. The control board can be configured to disable power to the heating element if a temperature of the fluid flowing through the hose nozzle assembly is greater than a maximum temperature. 
     The hose nozzle assembly can include a flow sensor that can be configured to detect a flow of the fluid through the heating chamber. The control board can be configured to modulate power to the heating element based on flow data received from the flow sensor. The hose nozzle assembly can include a temperature switch configured to adjust a temperature set point and the control board can be configured to control the heat output of the heating element based on the temperature set point. 
     These and other aspects, objects, features, and/or elements of the disclosed technology will be apparent from the following description and the appended claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The drawings illustrate example hose nozzle assembly configurations within systems and are therefore not to be considered limiting in scope, as hose nozzle assembly configurations may admit to other equally effective applications. The elements and features shown in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the disclosed technology. Additionally, certain dimensions or positions may be exaggerated to help visually convey such principles. In the drawings, reference numerals designate like or corresponding, but not necessarily identical, elements. 
         FIG. 1  is a bottom perspective view of an example hose nozzle assembly, in accordance with the disclosed technology. 
         FIG. 2  is a top perspective view of an example hose nozzle assembly, in accordance with the disclosed technology. 
         FIG. 3  is an exploded view of an example hose nozzle assembly, in accordance with the disclosed technology. 
         FIG. 4  is a cross section of an example hose nozzle assembly, in accordance with the disclosed technology. 
         FIG. 5  is a block diagram of an example control system for a hose nozzle assembly, in accordance with the disclosed technology. 
         FIG. 6  is a flow chart for an example control method for a hose nozzle assembly, in accordance with the disclosed technology. 
         FIG. 7  is an exploded view of another example hose nozzle assembly, in accordance with the disclosed technology. 
         FIG. 8  is a top view of an end of an example hose nozzle assembly, in accordance with the disclosed technology. 
         FIG. 9  is a perspective view of an example nozzle sprayer, in accordance with the disclosed technology. 
         FIG. 10  is a table and related map illustrating expected output water temperatures depending on the temperature of the groundwater and the setting of the nozzle sprayer, in accordance with the disclosed technology. 
         FIG. 11  illustrates an example hose attachment for a hose nozzle assembly, in accordance with the disclosed technology. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Examples of the technology discussed herein are directed to hose nozzle assembly configurations. The disclosed technology, for example, includes a hose nozzle assembly capable of heating water to an acceptable temperature for multiple inlet temperatures of groundwater supplied to the hose nozzle assembly. The hose nozzle assembly can include a heating element that can heat the water and a nozzle and/or valve that can control a flow of the water through the hose nozzle assembly. The nozzle can have a plurality of apertures that can each be sized to control a flow of the water through the nozzle such that the water can be heated from an inlet temperature to approximately a target temperature depending on the temperature of the groundwater. For example, a first aperture can be sized to facilitate the heating element heating causing a first change in temperature of the water (e.g., a first temperature increase amount or ΔT1) while a second aperture can be sized to facilitate the heating element causing a second change in temperature of the water (e.g., a second temperature increase amount or ΔT2). The second change in temperature can be greater than the first change in temperature. In other words, the hose nozzle assembly can include apertures that are each designed to control a flow of the water through the hose nozzle assembly such that the groundwater is sufficiently heated to approximately a desired temperature for the end use depending on the expected temperature of the water (e.g., groundwater) supplied to the hose nozzle assembly. 
     Although various aspects of the disclosed technology are explained in detail herein, it is to be understood that other aspects of the disclosed technology are contemplated. Accordingly, it is not intended that the disclosed technology is limited in its scope to the details of construction and arrangement of components expressly set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The disclosed technology can be implemented and practiced or carried out in various ways. In particular, the presently disclosed subject matter is described in the context of being a handheld hose nozzle assembly for providing heated water. The present disclosure, however, is not so limited, and can be applicable in other contexts. The present disclosure, for example, can be used in residential, agricultural, industrial, or other setting where heated water is desired or necessary at locations where heated water is likely not readily available. Furthermore, although described as being “handheld,” the disclosed technology can be implemented in other configurations that are not necessarily intended to be held by a user. Accordingly, when the present disclosure is described in the context of a handheld hose nozzle assembly for providing heated water, it will be understood that other implementations can take the place of those referred to. 
     Examples of the disclosed technology can be pre-fabricated or specifically generated (e.g., by shaping a malleable body) for a particular environment. Example of the technology can have standard or customized features (e.g., shape, size, features on the inner surface, pattern, configuration). Therefore, the examples described herein should not be considered limited to creation or assembly at any particular location and/or by any particular person. Additionally, a hose nozzle assembly (or components thereof) described herein can be made of one or more of a number of suitable materials. 
     As used herein, “connected” means two components are indirectly or directly connected to one another. For example, the two components could be connected to each other through the use of a coupling feature or could be directly threaded to each other. In another example, connected could mean connected through one or more wires. 
     As used herein, “attached” means two components are directly attached to one another, such as through threading one component directly to another. 
     As used herein, a “coupling feature” can couple, secure, fasten, abut, and/or perform other functions aside from merely coupling. A coupling feature as described herein can allow one or more components of a hose nozzle assembly to become coupled, directly or indirectly, to another portion of the hose nozzle assembly. A coupling feature can include, but is not limited to, a swage, a snap, a clamp, a portion of a hinge, an aperture, a recessed area, a protrusion, a slot, a spring clip, a tab, a detent, a compression fitting, and mating threads. 
     Any component described in one or more figures herein can apply to any other figures having the same label. In other words, the description for any component of a figure can be considered substantially the same as the corresponding component described with respect to another figure. For any figure shown and described herein, one or more of the components may be omitted, added, repeated, and/or substituted. Accordingly, embodiments shown in a particular figure should not be considered limited to the specific arrangements of components shown in such figure. 
     Example hose nozzle assemblies will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which example embodiments of hose nozzle assemblies are shown. Hose nozzle assemblies may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein. Rather, these examples are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of hose nozzle assemblies to those of ordinary skill in the art. Like, but not necessarily the same, elements (also sometimes called components) in the various figures are denoted by like reference numerals for consistency. 
     Terms such as “first,” “second,” “top,” “bottom,” “left,” “right,” “end,” “back,” “front,” “side”, “length,” “width,” “inner,” “outer,” “above”, “lower”, and “upper” are used merely to distinguish one component (or part of a component or state of a component) from another. Such terms are not meant to denote a preference or a particular orientation unless specified and are not meant to limit embodiments of hose nozzle assemblies. 
     Although described throughout this disclosure as being a hose nozzle assembly configured to heat water, one of skill in the art will appreciate that, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the term “water” can refer to any fluid capable of being passed through the hose nozzle assembly and heated by the heating element. Thus, when the term “water” is used to describe specific features or functions of the hose nozzle assembly, one of skill in the art will appreciate that other fluid can be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure. 
     Numerous specific details are set forth herein in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the disclosure. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily complicating the description. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a bottom perspective view of a hose nozzle assembly  100 . An electrical cord  102  is shown attached to the inlet  104  and the inlet  104  is connected to the handle  106 . Alternatively, the inlet  104  can be a water hose that is connected to the handle  106 . While many of the examples described herein relate to heating water, the hose nozzle assembly  100  can also be used to heat other liquids or mixtures of liquids. The inlet  104  is configured to let water into the hose nozzle assembly  100 . The handle  106  can comprise grooves to increase grip. As shown, the handle  106  can include a trigger  108 . Above the handle  106  can be the body  110  of the hose nozzle assembly  100  with one end of the body  110  comprising a nozzle sprayer  112 . The nozzle sprayer can have a single nozzle or multiple nozzles that can be selected for varying spray patterns. Located on the user side of the body  110  is a switch  114 . The switch  114  can be used to set the preferred water temperature for water exiting the nozzle sprayer  112 . Upon compression or activation of the trigger  108 , water can flow through the hose nozzle assembly  100 , can be heated, and can flow out of the nozzle sprayer  112 . The nozzle sprayer  112  can be rotatable such that different configurations of sprays can be selected by a user.  FIG. 2  is a top perspective view of an embodiment of a hose nozzle assembly  100  illustrating the elements described in connection with  FIG. 1 . 
     The electrical cord  102  can enter the handle  106  or the body  110  separate from the inlet  104 . The electrical cord  102  can be combined with the inlet  104 , such as an attached hose. The electrical cord  102  can branch from the attached hose close to the handle  106  or can branch from the attached hose at the other end of the attached hose, or any length in between. The inlet  104 , such as a hose, can be molded together with the electrical cord  102  in a seamless manner. The electrical cord  102  can end in a wire grounding plug. The plug can include a ground fault circuit interrupter or a residual current device. The hose nozzle assembly  100  can include an on/off switch or depressible power button. The electrical cord  102  can be a standard 120V electrical cord. The inlet  104  can comprise a coupler at the end of the inlet  104  away from the handle  106  of the hose nozzle assembly  100 . An inlet coupler can be configured to attached to a common garden hose or spigot. 
       FIG. 3  is an exploded view of an embodiment of a hose nozzle assembly  100 . Starting from the bottom of  FIG. 3 , the hose nozzle assembly  100  can include an inlet  104 , handle  106 , and trigger  108 . Inside of the handle  106  can reside a valve  300  configured to cut off the flow of water from the inlet  104 . When the valve  300  is actuated by the trigger  108  being depressed, the valve  300  can allow water flow from the inlet  104  into the valve tubing  302 . A triac  304  can be installed to gate power through the hose nozzle assembly. 
     The handle  106  can be connected to a housing  306  that forms the majority of the body  110  of the hose nozzle assembly  100 . A switch  114  can fit into the user end of the housing  306 , and a nozzle sprayer  112  can be located on the opposing end of the housing  306 . A heating chamber  307  can include a bottom section  308  and a top section  310 , and the heating chamber  307  can be located within the housing  306 . The bottom section  308  and top section  310  can be connected together with a gasket  312 , which can make the heating chamber  307  watertight. 
     The heating chamber can include a fluid path and at least one heating element. The fluid path can have a variety of forms. As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the fluid path can be formed in a spiral manner through the heating chamber  307  with a heating chamber inlet  314  connected to the valve tubing  302  and a heating chamber outlet  316  connected to outlet tubing  318 . The heating element can include three bare wire heating elements  320  that are at least partially contained within the heating chamber  307 . Each of the bare wire heating elements  320  can be within a section of the spiral. Each of the bare wire heating elements  320  can be connected to two termination rod wire connections  322 , which can supply power and ground to the heating elements  320 . The termination rod wire connections  322  can be connected to termination rods, which can be in turn connected to the bare wire heating elements  320  through termination screws. The other side of the termination rod wire connections  322  can be crimped to wires which receive power from the electrical cord  102 . 
     The outlet tubing  318  can be connected to the nozzle sprayer  112 , such that water flow can go through the outlet tubing  318  into the nozzle sprayer  112 . A watertight fluid path can be formed from the inlet  104 , through the valve  300 , the valve tubing  302 , the heating chamber  307 , the outlet tubing  318 , and the nozzle sprayer  112 , releasing a spray of water. 
     The hose nozzle assembly  100  can include sensors. An inlet temperature sensor  324  can be located at the heating chamber inlet  314  and can be configured to measure the temperature of water flowing into the heating chamber  307 . An outlet temperature sensor  326  can be located at the heating chamber outlet  316  and can be configured to measure the temperature of water flowing out of the heating chamber  307 . A flow meter  328  can be located within the heating chamber  307  near the heating chamber outlet  316  and can be configured to measure the amount of water flowing out of the heating chamber  307 . As an additional safety feature, an ECO switch  330  (electrical cutoff thermostatic switch in series with main power) and an ECO wire connector  332  can be included to measure the temperature of the water and/or to turn off power to the bare wire heating elements  320  if the temperature of the water exceeds 120° F. A control board  334  can be included in the housing  306  (e.g., at or near the bottom of the housing  306 ). The control board  334  can be connected to the inlet temperature sensor  324 , outlet temperature sensor  326 , flow meter  328 , and/or bare wire heating elements  320 . A cover  336  can be connected to the housing  306  through the use of screws  338 .  FIG. 4  illustrates a cross section of the hose nozzle assembly  100  illustrating the elements of  FIG. 3  from a different view. 
     The handle  106 , trigger  108 , housing  306 , switch  114 , nozzle sprayer  112 , and/or cover  336  can be made of any of one or more of a number of suitable materials. For example, one or more of these elements or components can be formed from plastic, such as ABS, nylon, or fiber reinforced nylon. The material(s) used to form one or more of these elements or components can be heat safe to at least 120 degrees F. The handle  106  and/or trigger  108  can be made to be used with one hand during operation of the hose nozzle. 
     The switch  114  can be configured to be adjustable, such that a user can set a preferred temperature for the outlet water. The switch  114  can be a multi-position switch such as a rotary potentiometer, potential switch, multi-position switch, rotary encoder, linear encoder, potentiometer or the like. 
     The inlet temperature sensor  324  and outlet temperature sensor  326  can be configured to sense the temperature of the water within a hose nozzle assembly  100 . The inlet temperature sensor  324  and outlet temperature sensor  326  can be the same type of temperature sensor, or they can be different. The inlet temperature sensor  324  and outlet temperature sensor  326  can be a thermistor or a thermocouple, for example. 
     The flow meter  328  can be able to measure the flow of water through a hose nozzle assembly  100 . For example, the flow meter  328  can be a magnetic turbine, paddle wheel, or vortex shedding. 
     The nozzle sprayer  112  can include a rotary dial used to select spray patterns. The different spray patterns can affect flow rates, which can affect the heating capacity of the heating elements. For example, lower flow rates can result in increased heating of water passing through the heating chamber  307 , while higher flow rates can result in a lower temperature rise of water passing through the heating chamber  307 . As a non-limiting example, the nozzle sprayer  112  can include 6-8 selectable spray patterns. Spray patterns defined by distinct apertures configured to provide distinct flow rates of water passing therethrough are described in greater detail below. 
     The heating chamber  307  can be made of a reinforced polymer, such as glass filled polymer. The material(s) used to form the heating chamber  307  can be heat safe to at least 120 degrees F. The termination rods can be made from stainless steel, brass, or nickel plated brass, for example. 
     The hose nozzle assembly  100  can include one or more heating elements. For example, there can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or more heating elements located within the heating chamber  307 . The bare wire heating elements  320  (also known as resistant wire heating elements) can be made of Nichrome, Nikrothal, or FeCrAl. The bare wire heating elements  320  can be shaped like a spring. One, some, or all of the bare wire heating elements  320  can be shaped like a spring. One, some, or all of the bare wire heating elements can have varying numbers of coils or varying tension in the coils such that the watt density of a given bare wire heating element  320  is different from that of one or more other bare wire heating elements  320 . The bare wire heating elements  320  can progressively decrease in watt density the closer to the heating chamber outlet  316  that each bare wire heating element  320  is positioned. Alternatively, the heating element  320  can be a sheathed heating element. As will be appreciated, a heating element  320  that is sheathed can be configured to convert electrical energy into thermal energy that can be transferred to the water in the heating chamber  307  without coming into direct contact with the water. In other words, heating element  320  can have a sheath separating a resistive heating element from the water in the heating chamber  307 . In this way, the heating element  320  can be electrically isolated from the water passing through the heating chamber  307 , helping to reduce current leakage. Furthermore, having a heating element  320  that is sheathed can help to reduce the likelihood that the heating element  320  would burn out if the heating element  320  is activated without water being present in the heating chamber  307 . 
       FIG. 5  is a block diagram of a control system  500  for the hose nozzle assembly  100 . The control system  500  can be implemented on the example control board  334  shown in  FIG. 3 . A printed circuit board  501  can include a power supply  502 , which can receive power via the electrical cord  102 ; a microcontroller  504 ; a galvanic isolator  506 ; and/or a flow sensor  508 . The flow sensor  508  can receive data from the flow meter  328 , which can be located near the heating chamber outlet  316 . The microcontroller  504  can be programmable and can comprise one or more processor cores and memory. The galvanic isolator  506  can be used to isolate current flow. The galvanic isolator can be implemented as a transformer or optocoupler, for example. 
     The microcontroller  504  can receive input from the flow sensor  508 , the inlet temperature sensor  324 , and/or the outlet temperature sensor  326 . The microcontroller can use one or more of the inputs it receives to control the heating elements. For example, the microcontroller  504  can provide control signals through a galvanic isolator  506  to a driver  510 , which can provide power to the bare wire heating elements  320 . The galvanic isolator  506  and driver  510  can be implemented as a triac  304 . The triac  304  can receive a control signal (e.g., a 5V signal) from the microcontroller  504 , which can cause the triac  304  to close to permit power (e.g., 120V) to flow from the electrical cord  102  to the bare wire heating elements  320 . 
       FIG. 6  is a flow chart of an example operation of the hose nozzle assembly  100 . The hose nozzle assembly  100  can initially start unplugged with the power off (step  602 ). Once the electrical cord  102  is plugged in (step  604 ), the microprocessor can start initialization (step  606 ). Once initialization is complete and the hose nozzle assembly  100  is actuated (step  610 ), the control system  500  can enter into a hybrid heating algorithm  612 . The hybrid heating algorithm  612  can include a responsive algorithm  614  and a predictive algorithm  616 . The predictive algorithm  616  can be an anticipating control loop, which can receive the measured water flow from the flow sensor  508  and the inlet temperature from the inlet temperature sensor  324  (in step  618 ). The responsive algorithm  614 , which can be a feedback control loop, can measure the outlet temperature from the outlet temperature sensor  326  (in step  620 ). The power required to heat the outlet water to a predetermined temperature set point (set by switch  114 ) can be calculated (e.g., by the microcontroller  504 ) given the sensor inputs (in step  622 ). If the flow, as measured by the flow sensor  508 , is greater than a set minimum (in step  624 ), the microcontroller  504  can provide a control signal to apply the power calculated in step  622  to the heating element  626 . If the microcontroller  504  detects an error in step  628  at any time, the hose nozzle assembly  100  can run with degraded performance (in step  630 ). If the microcontroller  504  detects a fault in step  632  at any time, the control system  500  can stop all heating with a fault (in step  632 ). The use of the hybrid heating algorithm  612  can allow for adjustments of power to the heating elements to be made on the fly as conditions change. 
     The hybrid heating algorithm can include determining if the outlet temperature, measured in step  620 , is greater than a predetermined maximum temperature, which can be 100° F., 105° F., 110° F., 115° F. 120° F., 125° F., 130° F., or 140° F., as non-limiting examples. If the outlet temperature is greater than the predetermined maximum temperature, the microcontroller  504  can turn off power to the heating element until the outlet temperature, measured in step  620 , is less than the predetermined maximum temperature. The minimum flow setting (compared in step  624 ) can be between 0.1-0.25 gpm, for example. The microcontroller  504  can monitor for irregular flow of fluid and can delay activating the heating element if irregular fluid flow is detected. 
     A predetermined temperature set point can be set from the switch  114 . As a non-limiting example, the switch can have 2-6 selectable temperature set points that can range from 50 to 115° F. Alternatively, the predetermined temperature set point can be a constant. 
     The nozzle assembly can be actuated through depression of the trigger  108 . Alternatively, the actuation of the nozzle assembly could be from an additional depressible button or a power switch. Alternatively or in addition, the actuation of the nozzle assembly could be triggered when the flow sensor  508  senses a steady flow of water or when the flow sensor senses flow above a certain amount, such as 0.1-0.25 gpm. A secondary on/off switch can be included such that the switch must be on and the trigger  108  depressed to actuate the hose nozzle assembly  100  (step  610 ). Depression of the trigger  108  can both open the valve  300  for the inlet flow of water and also actuate the hybrid heating algorithm  612 . 
       FIG. 7  is an exploded view of another example hose nozzle assembly  700 , in accordance with the disclosed technology. The hose nozzle assembly  700  can be configured to heat water from an inlet temperature (i.e., the temperature of the water supplied to the hose nozzle assembly  700 ) to a higher temperature when in use. As will be appreciated, because the inlet temperatures of the water can vary depending on the region where the groundwater is supplied, the hose nozzle assembly  700  may need to heat the water by varying degrees depending on the end use and/or location of use. For example, if the hose nozzle assembly  700  is used in the Northeastern United States, the water supplied to the hose nozzle assembly  700  may be at a temperature of about 42° F. (the approximate temperature of the groundwater in areas of the Northeastern United States). On the other hand, if the hose nozzle assembly  700  is used in the Southeastern United States, the water supplied to the hose nozzle assembly  700  may be at a temperature of about 72° F. (the approximate temperature of the groundwater in areas of the Southeastern United States). Thus, if the user desires to deliver a water temperature of about 90° F., the heating element  720  will typically be required to add more heat energy to heat water to the desired temperature of 90° F. when operated in the Northeastern United States (e.g., water having a temperature of 42° F.) than when operated in the Southeastern United States (e.g., water having a temperature of 72° F.). 
     The change in temperature of the water as it passes through the hose nozzle assembly  700  can be affected by apertures formed in a nozzle sprayer  712  and/or an outlet valve assembly  744  as will be described in greater detail herein. The apertures formed in the nozzle sprayer  712  can each be sized to restrict a flow of the water through a heating chamber  722  of the hose nozzle assembly  700  such that the heating element  720  is able to cause the temperature of the water to be heated from a first temperature to a second temperature that is greater than the first temperature. For example, an aperture allowing for greater flow rates of water through the heating chamber  722  will reduce the amount of heat energy that the heating element  720  is able to supply to the water at its maximum output while an aperture restricting the flow through the heating chamber  722  to comparatively lower flow rates will allow for a comparatively greater amount of heat energy to be transferred to the water when the heating element  720  is at its maximum output. In other words, if the heating element  720  is operating at its maximum output and an aperture of the nozzle sprayer  712  that permits a lesser flow rate (as compared to another aperture of the nozzle sprayer  712  that permits a greater flow rate) is selected, the water can remain in the heating chamber  722  longer (as compared to water flowing through the other aperture permitting the greater flow rate), thereby permitting the water to become heated to a higher temperature than water flowing through the aperture of the nozzle sprayer  712  that permits a greater flow rate. 
     Stated otherwise, the nozzle sprayer  712  can include a plurality of apertures, and the plurality of apertures can include a first aperture and a second aperture. The first aperture can be configured to permit a first flow rate, and the second aperture can be configured to permit a second flow rate that is greater than the first flow rate. The first flow rate can correspond to a first residency duration of water within the heating chamber  722  (i.e., the amount of time during which the water is located within the heating chamber  722 ). The second flow rate can correspond to a second residency duration of water within the heater chamber  722 , and the second residency duration can be less than the first residency duration. Accordingly, the first aperture, which corresponds to the first flow rate and the first residency duration, can correspond to a first amount of heat energy transfer from the heating element  720  to the water, and the second aperture, which corresponds to the second flow rate and the second residency duration, can correspond to a second amount of heat energy transfer from the heating element  720  to the water, with the first amount of heat energy transfer being greater than the second amount of heat energy transfer. The plurality of apertures can include one or more additional apertures, and each of the additional apertures can correspond to a respective intermediary flow rate (i.e., between the first and second flow rates), a respective intermediary residency duration (i.e., between the first and second residency durations), and a respective intermediary amount of heat energy transfer (i.e., between the first and second amounts of heat energy transfer). 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 7 , the hose nozzle assembly  700  can include a casing formed of two halves and having a handle portion  706 A,  706 B and a body portion  710 A,  710 B. Similar to the hose nozzle assembly  100 , the handle portion  706 A,  706 B can be attached to the body portion  710 A,  710 B at an angle such that a user can grip the handle portion  706 A,  706 B and aim the hose nozzle assembly  700  in a desired direction. The nozzle sprayer  712  can be attached to the body portion  710 A,  710 B by a fastener  713 . As will be appreciated, the hose nozzle assembly  700  can be assembled using various fasteners and/or adhesives. Thus, although several fasteners are illustrated in  FIG. 7 , a discussion of each fastener is omitted for the sake of simplicity. 
     The hose nozzle assembly  700  can include an electrical cord  702  having a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)  703 . As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, the GFCI  703  can be configured to shut off electrical power supplied to the hose nozzle assembly  700  if an imbalance of electrical current is detected, thereby reducing the likelihood that a user of the hose nozzle assembly may be shocked or injured. The electrical cord  702  can have any suitable length such that the hose nozzle assembly  700  can be used a suitable distance away from an electrical outlet. 
     The hose nozzle assembly  700  can include a hose adapter  704  that can function as an inlet of the hose nozzle assembly and can be sized to facilitate connection of the hose nozzle assembly  700  to a suitable hose or other water source. In this way, the hose adapter  704  can be configured to facilitate connection of the hose nozzle assembly to a common garden hose or spigot, for example. Alternatively, the hose adapter  704  can be a quick connect fitting, a barbed fitting, a compression fitting, a crimp fitting, a flare fitting, a flange fitting, a threaded fitting, or any other suitable fitting or adapter for the application. The hose adapter  704  can be connected to the hose nozzle assembly  700  proximate an inlet end of the hose nozzle assembly  700 . For example, the hose adapter  204  can be proximate a bottom end of a handle portion  706 A,  706 B such that the water enters the bottom end of the handle portion  706 A,  706 B. 
     The hose adapter  704  can be connected to a hose extension  705  that can extend through the handle portion  706 A,  706 B to direct the water from the hose adapter  704  to an inlet valve assembly  714 . A braided sleeve  709  can be placed around at least part of the hose extension  705  to provide reinforcement to the hose extension  705 . An insulative sleeve  711  can also be placed around at least part of the hose extension  705  to help thermally isolate the hose extension  705  from the handle portion  706 A,  706 B. 
     The inlet valve assembly  714  can be configured to control a flow of the water through the hose nozzle assembly  700 . The inlet valve assembly  714  can be actuated by a trigger  708  of the hose nozzle assembly  700 . The trigger  708  and the inlet valve assembly  714  can be configured such that a user may grip the handle portion  706 A,  706 B and squeeze the trigger to open the inlet valve assembly  714  to permit the water to flow through the hose nozzle assembly  700 . The trigger  708  can be further configured to cause the heating element  720  to activate based on actuation of the trigger  708 . For example, the heating element  720  can be activated when a user squeezes the trigger  708 . A clip  707  can be connected to the hose nozzle assembly  700  proximate the trigger  708  such that the clip  707  can be placed over at least a portion of the trigger  708  and configured to prevent the trigger  708  from moving back to a position where the inlet valve assembly  714  would close and prevent the water from flowing through the hose nozzle assembly  700 . In other words, the clip  707  can cause the trigger  708  to continue to engage the inlet valve assembly  714  and permit water to flow through the hose nozzle assembly  700  until the clip  707  is disengaged. 
     The hose nozzle assembly  700  can include a heating element  720  configured to heat water within the heating chamber  722 . The heating element  720  can be a bare wire heating element similar to the bare wire heating elements  320  described previously. Alternatively, the heating element  720  can be a sheathed heating element. As will be appreciated, a heating element  720  that is sheathed can be configured to convert electrical energy into thermal energy that can be transferred to the water in the heating chamber  722  without coming into direct contact with the water. In other words, heating element  720  can have a sheath separating a resistive heating element from the water in the heating chamber  722 . In this way, the heating element  720  can be electrically isolated from the water passing through the heating chamber  722 , helping to reduce current leakage and the likelihood that the GFCI  703  will trip and shut off the heating element  720 . Furthermore, having a heating element  720  that is sheathed can help to reduce the likelihood that the heating element  720  would burn out if the heating element  720  is activated without water being present in the heating chamber  722 . 
     The heating element  720  can be mounted in the heating chamber  722  in any suitable orientation to ensure the water is suitably heated. As a non-limiting example, the heating chamber  722  can have a longitudinal axis extending therethrough and the heating element  720  can be mounted in the heating chamber  722  such that a length of the heating element  720  can be oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the heating chamber  722 . Furthermore, the heating element  720  can have a first width and a second width, the first width being greater than the second width. The heating element  720  can be mounted in the heating chamber  722  such that the first width is oriented perpendicularly to a plane extending through the heating chamber  722  toward the handle portion  706 A,  706 B (e.g., the largest width of the heating element  720  can be parallel to the ground when a user orients the hose nozzle assembly  700  such that the body portion  710 A,  710 B is parallel to the ground and the handle portion  706 A,  706 B is perpendicular to the ground). In this way, the water entering the heating chamber  722  can pass around and between the heating element  720  to help facilitate better heat transfer. 
     The heating chamber  722  can be any suitable shape or configuration for the application. For example, the heating chamber  722  can have a spiral design similar to the heating chamber  703  as illustrated in  FIG. 3  and previously described, or the heating chamber  722  can be a simple cylindrical tube. The heating chamber  722  can receive water from the inlet valve assembly  714 , direct the water across the heating element  720 , and permit the water to pass through an outlet valve assembly  744  to deliver the heated water for an end use. The heating chamber  722  can be insulated to help prevent heat from being lost to the environment and to help thermally isolate the heating element  720  from the body portion  710 A,  710 B and the other components. 
     The outlet valve assembly  744  can be configured to control a flow of the water through the heating chamber  722  and, consequently, a pressure of the water within the heating chamber  722 . By controlling a flow of the water through the heating chamber  722 , the outlet valve assembly  744  can be used to adjust the temperature of the water that is permitted to exit the hose nozzle assembly  700 . For example, by reducing the flow rate of the fluid through the heating chamber  722 , the outlet valve assembly  744  can cause the water to remain in the heating chamber  722  longer such that the water is heated to a higher temperature. Alternatively, by increasing the flow rate of the water through the heating chamber  722 , the outlet valve assembly  744  can cause the water to pass through the heating chamber  722  faster such that the water is heated to a lower temperature than when the water is at a higher flow rate. 
     The outlet valve assembly  744  can include a valve actuator  740  that can be mounted on the body portion  710 A,  710 B and extend inwardly into the body portion  710 A,  710 B to connect the valve actuator  740  to the outlet valve assembly  744 . The valve actuator  740  can be configured such that a user can adjust a position of the outlet valve assembly  744  to alter the flow rate of the water through the hose nozzle assembly  700 . For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 8 , the valve actuator  740  can have a valve actuator handle  754  that can be moved in one direction or another direction to change a position of the outlet valve assembly  744  to increase or decrease a flow of the water through the hose nozzle assembly  700 . An outlet valve position indicator  742  can be placed on the top of the body portion  710 A,  710 B to enable a user to view a position setting of the outlet valve assembly  744 . Alternatively or in addition, the outlet valve position indicator  742  can indicate whether moving the outlet valve assembly  744  will correlate to changing a flow rate of the water or will correlate to changing an outlet temperature of the water. 
     The outlet valve assembly  744  can be connected to a flow straightener  746  that can be configured to straighten the flow of the water after passing through the outlet valve assembly  744  and prior to passing through the nozzle sprayer  712 . The flow straightener  746  can be configured to straighten the flow of the water before the water is delivered to the nozzle sprayer  712 . In this way, the flow straightener  746  can help ensure the stream of water that is delivered from the nozzle sprayer  712  provides a suitable pattern of water spray when it exits the nozzle sprayer  712 . As will be appreciated, by straightening the flow of water prior to the water being passed through the nozzle sprayer  712 , any turbulence of the flow of water can be reduced, resulting in a more reliable spray pattern of the water passing through the nozzle sprayer  712 . For example, the flow straightener  746  can be configured to cause the water to achieve an approximately laminar flow prior to passing through the nozzle sprayer  712 . Furthermore, the hose nozzle assembly  700  can have a gasket  748  between the flow straightener  746  and the nozzle sprayer  712  to help prevent water from exiting the hose nozzle assembly  700  through locations other than the nozzle sprayer  712 . 
     The hose nozzle assembly  700  can further include an air vent  747  that can be configured to allow air to escape the heating chamber  722 . As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, when the hose nozzle assembly  700  is first connected to a water source (e.g., a garden hose), air may be delivered along with the water to the hose nozzle assembly  700 . If air becomes trapped in the heating chamber  722 , the heating element  720  can overheat and become damaged. The air vent  747  can allow for the air to escape the heating chamber  722  without needing the outlet valve assembly  744  to be opened and water to be delivered through the nozzle sprayer  712 . The air vent  747  can be positioned proximate the outlet of the heating chamber  722  to allow the air to escape the heating chamber  722 . 
     Similar to the hose nozzle assembly  100 , the hose nozzle assembly  700  can further include a controller  730 , a triac  732 , a flow sensor  715 , and/or one or more temperature sensors  734  (e.g., an inlet temperature sensor and an outlet temperature sensor). The controller  730  and the triac  732  can be configured to control the heating element  720  according to any of the methods described previously in relation to the microcontroller  504  and the triac  304 . For example, the controller  730  can be configured to receive temperature data from the temperature sensor  734  and flow data from the flow sensor  715  and control an output of the heating element  720  to ensure the water exiting the nozzle sprayer  712  is sufficiently heated. Furthermore, the controller  730  can control the heating element  720  based on the responsive algorithm  614  and/or the predictive algorithm  616  described herein. 
     The controller  730  can be configured to control an output of the heating element  720  based on a predetermined temperature set point. The predetermined temperature set point can be pre-programmed in a memory of the controller  730  or the hose nozzle assembly  700  can include a temperature selection switch or setting that allows a user to select a desired outlet temperature (i.e., change a temperature set point). For example, a user can select a desired outlet temperature by changing a position of a temperature selection switch  750 . The controller  730  can then control an output of the heating element  720  based on the selected temperature set point as indicated by the temperature selection switch  750 . 
     In addition to the methods of heating the water as described previously, the controller  730  can be further configured to control a position of the outlet valve assembly  744  to increase or decrease a flow rate of the water through the heating chamber  722 . For example, if the controller  730  determines, based on temperature data received from the temperature sensor  734  and/or flow rate data received from the flow sensor  715 , that the temperature of the water exiting the heating chamber  722  should increase, the controller  730  can output a control signal to the outlet valve assembly  744  to cause the outlet valve assembly  744  to actuate and reduce a flow of the water through the heating chamber, thereby increasing the temperature of the water exiting the heating chamber  722 . Similarly, if the controller  730  determines, based on temperature data received from the temperature sensor  734  and/or flow rate data received from the flow sensor  715 , that the temperature of the water exiting the heating chamber  722  should decrease, the controller  730  can output a control signal to the outlet valve assembly  744  to cause the outlet valve assembly  744  to actuate and increase a flow of the water through the heating chamber, thereby decreasing the temperature of the water exiting the heating chamber  722 . 
     The controller  730  can be further configured to modulate an output of the heating element  720  to control the temperature of the water exiting the heating chamber  722 . For example, the controller  730  can determine that the output of the heating element  720  should be reduced based on the temperature data indicating that the water exiting the heating chamber  722  is too high (and vice-versa). Similarly, the controller  730  can determine that the output of the heating element  720  should be reduced based on the flow data indicating that the flow rate of the water passing through the heating chamber  722  is too low (and vice-versa). Furthermore, as described previously, the triac  732  can be configured to turn off power to the heating element  720  if the temperature exceeds a high temperature threshold. 
     Although not shown in  FIG. 7 , the hose nozzle assembly  700  can further include a bypass valve and a mixing chamber to control an outlet temperature of the water. The bypass valve can be integrated with, or separate from, the inlet valve assembly  714 . Similarly, the mixing chamber can be integrated with, or separate from, the heating chamber  722 . The controller  730  can be configured to control a position of the bypass valve based on temperature data and/or flow data. As a non-limiting example, if the controller  730  determines that the temperature of the water exiting the heating chamber  722  exceeds a high temperature threshold, the controller  730  can actuate the bypass valve to allow cool water entering the hose nozzle assembly  700  to bypass the heating chamber and mix with the heated water exiting the heating chamber  722  to reduce the temperature of the water exiting the nozzle sprayer  712 . In other examples, the bypass valve can be configured to actuate without requiring input from the controller  730 . For example, the bypass valve can include a bimetallic disc or other similar thermostatic actuator to cause the bypass valve to automatically open if the outlet temperature of the water exceeds a threshold temperature. 
       FIG. 8  is a top view of and end of the hose nozzle assembly  700 , in accordance with the disclosed technology. As described previously, the hose nozzle assembly  700  can include an outlet valve assembly  744  having a valve actuator handle  754  and outlet valve position indicator  742  to indicate a current setting of the outlet valve assembly  744 . The hose nozzle assembly  700  can further include one or more spray pattern indicators  752  that can indicate a current setting of the spray nozzle  712 . For example, the spray pattern indicators  752  can include settings that indicate the spray pattern that can be expected when water exits the nozzle sprayer  712 . The spray pattern indicators  752  can be, for example and not limitation, related to a “flat” pattern, a “shower” pattern, a “center” pattern, a “jet” pattern, etc. The spray pattern indicators  752  can be color coded or otherwise marked to indicate which setting should be used based on the expected inlet temperature (as will be described in greater detail with relation to  FIG. 10 ). As a non-limiting example, the spray pattern indicators  752  can include multiple indicators to each of the “flat” pattern, “shower” pattern, “center” pattern, “jet” pattern indicators that can be color coded to show which setting should be used based on the expected inlet temperature. 
       FIG. 9  is a perspective view of a nozzle sprayer  712 , in accordance with the disclosed technology. The nozzle sprayer  712 , as described previously, can include one or more apertures that affect the flow rate of the water through the heating chamber  722 . The apertures can be sized to affect the flow rate of the water through the heating chamber  722 . Alternatively, or in addition, the apertures for a particular setting can include a greater or a lesser number of apertures to affect the flow rate of the water through the heating chamber  722 . 
     As a non-limiting example, the nozzle sprayer  712  can include a center portion  760  having center portion apertures  762  configured to produce a shower type pattern when the “center” pattern setting is selected. The center portion  760  can have one or more settings to produce the “center” pattern at different flow rates based on the expected inlet temperature. In other words, the center portion  760  can have a first set of center portion apertures  762  that permit the water to exit the nozzle sprayer  712  at a first flow rate, thereby affecting the flow rate of the water in the heating chamber  722  and corresponding to a first temperature change of the water in the heating chamber  722 . The center portion  760  can further include at least a second set of center portion apertures  762  that permit the water to exit the nozzle sprayer  712  at a second flow rate, thereby affecting the flow rate of the water in the heating chamber  722  and corresponding to a second temperature change of the water in the heating chamber  722 . The second flow rate, for example, can be less than the first flow rate and correspond to a greater temperature increase than the temperature increase associated with the first flow rate. 
     The nozzle sprayer  712  can further include at least an outer portion  764  having outer portion apertures  766  configured to produce various types of patterns when a particular setting is selected. For example, the outer portion apertures  766  can include apertures arranged to produce a “flat” pattern, a “shower” pattern, a “jet” pattern, etc. The outer portion  764  can have one or more settings to produce each respective pattern at different flow rates based on the expected inlet temperature. In other words, the outer portion  764  can have a first set of outer portion apertures  766  that correspond to a first “flat” pattern and permit the water to exit the nozzle sprayer  712  at a first flow rate, thereby affecting the flow rate of the water in the heating chamber  722  and corresponding to a first temperature change of the water in the heating chamber  722 . The outer portion  764  can further include at least a second set of outer portion apertures  766  that correspond to a second “flat” pattern and permit the water to exit the nozzle sprayer  712  at a second flow rate, thereby affecting the flow rate of the water in the heating chamber  722  and corresponding to a second temperature change of the water in the heating chamber  722 . The second flow rate, for example, can be less than the first flow rate and correspond to a greater temperature increase than the temperature increase associated with the first flow rate. 
       FIG. 10  is a drawing depicting expected output temperatures depending on the temperature of the groundwater and the setting of the nozzle sprayer, in accordance with the disclosed technology. As shown in  FIG. 10 , the expected groundwater temperature can vary depending on the region where the groundwater is supplied from. As a non-limiting example, the United States can be divided into various regions based on the expected groundwater temperature including a first region  1008 , a second region  1010 , a third region  1012 , a fourth region  1014 , etc. As shown in the bottom row of the table in  FIG. 10 , the expected groundwater temperature in the first region  1008  can be approximately 72° F., the expected groundwater temperature in the second region  1010  can be approximately 62° F., the expected groundwater temperature in the third region can be approximately 52° F., the expected groundwater temperature in the fourth region can be approximately 42° F., and so forth. 
     As shown in the table  1000  in  FIG. 10 , the hose nozzle assembly  700  can include several nozzle settings  1002  that correspond to a setting of the nozzle sprayer  712 . As described previously, the nozzle settings  1002  can relate to which apertures the water is caused to flow through when exiting the nozzle sprayer  712  and, consequently, the flow rate of the water through the heating chamber  722 . Table  1000  shows several nozzle settings  1002  corresponding to the settings available on the nozzle sprayer  712  (e.g., as described previously). 
     Table  1000  further shows the expected flow rate  1004  corresponding to the particular nozzle setting  1002 . For example, if the first “jet” pattern is selected, the expected flow rate would be approximately 0.25 gallons per minute (GPM). On the other hand, if the third “jet” pattern was selected, the expected flow rate would be approximately 1 GPM, and so forth with the other settings. Furthermore, the expected temperature rise  1006  corresponding to the selected nozzle setting  1002  is illustrated in the third column of table  1000 . Continuing with the previous example, if the first “jet” setting is selected, the expected temperature rise  1006  can be about 49° F. On the other hand, if the third “jet” setting is selected, the expected temperature rise  1006  can be about 12° F., and so forth with the other settings. 
     As will be appreciated, the outlet temperature of the water exiting the nozzle sprayer  712  will vary depending on the inlet temperature and the temperature rise  1006 . For example, if the first “jet” setting  1002  is selected, the temperature rise will be about 49° F. but the actual outlet temperature will be about 115° F. in the first region  1008  as compared to about 111° F. in the second region  1010 , about 101° F. in the third region, and about 91° F. in the fourth region  1014 . The expected outlet temperatures are illustrated in table  1000  corresponding to each nozzle setting  1002  and a user can select a nozzle setting  1002  based on the desired outlet temperature (or “target temperature”) for the particular application. The hose nozzle assembly  700  can be further configured to limit the outlet temperature to a safe temperature such as 115° F. as indicated in the table  1000 . 
     The temperatures and flow rates shown in  FIG. 10  and described herein can be further affected by the outlet valve assembly  740  as described previously. That is, by changing a position of the outlet valve assembly  740  as described herein, the flow rate  1004  the corresponding temperature rise  1006  can be affected to cause a greater or a lesser temperature rise. As will be appreciated, the temperature and flow rates shown in table  1000  and described herein are offered for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting. Furthermore, the hose nozzle assembly  700  can include more or fewer settings and correspond to various temperature settings other than those shown and described herein. 
       FIG. 11  illustrates a hose attachment  1100  for the hose nozzle assembly  700 , in accordance with the disclosed technology. As will be appreciated, the hose nozzle assembly  700  can include each of the features shown and described herein. The hose nozzle assembly  700  can further include a hose attachment  1100  that can be configured to be attached to the outlet end of the hose nozzle assembly  700  in place of, or in addition to, the nozzle sprayer  712 . For example, the hose attachment  1100  can be attached in place of the nozzle sprayer  712  by including a nozzle adapter  1102  that is attached to the hose nozzle assembly  700  via the fastener  713 . The hose nozzle assembly  700  can include an alignment pin  770  and the hose attachment  1100  can include a corresponding alignment recess  1110  to help ensure the hose attachment  1100  is properly aligned with the hose nozzle assembly  700 . 
     The hose attachment  1100  can further include a hose  1104  and a hose adapter  1106  that can be configured to be attached to another hose or to any other machine or water dispenser as desired. For example, the hose adapter  1106  can be configured to attach to a shower head, a pressure washing machine, an irrigation system, a hydronic heating system, a dish washing system, a clothes washing system, or any other suitable machine or water dispenser. Furthermore, although shown as being an adapter for a common garden hose, the hose adapter  1106  can be a quick connect fitting, a barbed fitting, a compression fitting, a crimp fitting, a flare fitting, a flange fitting, a threaded fitting, or any other suitable fitting or adapter for the application. 
     Accordingly, many modifications and other embodiments set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which example hose nozzle apparatus pertain having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that example hose nozzle apparatus are not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of this application. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.