Patent Publication Number: US-7216767-B2

Title: Screen basket and shale shakers

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
   This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 10/169,484 filed Sep. 16, 2002 (issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,863,183 on Mar. 8, 2005) which is a division of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/716,176 filed Nov. 17, 2000, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,371,301 B1 on Apr. 16, 2002; and this application claims priority from PCT Application No. PCT/GB01/04667, Int&#39;l Publication No. WO 02/40186 A1, filed Oct. 19, 2001, all of which are incorporated fully herein for all purposes and from all of which the present invention claims priority under the Patent Laws. 

   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention is directed to vibratory separators, screen-supporting baskets for them, and, in certain particular embodiments, to shale shakers for treating drilling fluid, screen-supporting baskets for them, screens for such separators and shakers and methods of using such screens, shakers, baskets, and separators. 
   2. Description of Related Art 
   Vibratory separators are used in a wide variety of industries to separate materials such as liquids from solids or solids from solids. Typically such separators have a basket mounted in or over a receiving receptacle and vibrating apparatus for vibrating the basket. One or more screens is mounted in the basket. Material to be treated is introduced to the screen(s). Separated material (e.g. liquid and/or smaller solids) flows through the screen(s) into the lower receptacle and separated larger solids (with or without liquid) move down and off the screen(s). 
   The need for solids control in drilling fluid or “mud” used in hydrocarbon well drilling is well known in the prior art. Drilling mud, typically a mixture of clay and water and various additives, is pumped down through a hollow drill string (pipe, drill collar, bit, etc.) into a well being drilled and exits through holes in a drillbit. The mud picks up cuttings (rock) and other solids from the well and carries them upwardly away from the bit and out of the well in a space between the well walls and the drill string. At the top of the well, the solids-laden mud is discharged over a shale shaker, a device which typically has one or a series of screens arranged in tiered or flat disposition with respect to each other. The prior art discloses a wide variety of vibrating screens, devices which use them, shale shakers, and screens for shale shakers. The screens catch and remove solids from the mud as the mud passes through them. If drilled solids are not removed from the mud used during the drilling operation, recirculation of the drilled solids can create weight, viscosity, and gel problems in the mud, as well as increasing wear on mud pumps and other mechanical equipment used for drilling. 
   Typically, the screens used with shale shakers are emplaced in a generally horizontal fashion on a generally horizontal bed or support within a basket in the shaker. The screens themselves may be flat or nearly flat (i.e. substantially two-dimensional); or, due to corrugated, depressed, or raised surfaces, are three-dimensional. The shaker imparts a rapidly reciprocating motion to the screen. Material from which particles are to be separated is poured onto a back end of the vibrating screen. The material generally flows toward the front end of the screen. Large particles are unable to move through the screen, remain on top of the screen, and move toward the front of the screen where they are collected. The smaller particles and fluid flow through the screen and collect in a bed, receptacle, or pan beneath the screen. 
   Referring now to  FIG. 1 , a prior art shale shaker  1  has a screen  2  (with screen or screening cloth or mesh as desired) mounted on vibratable screen mounting apparatus or “basket”  3 . The screen  2  may be any known screen or screens. The basket  3  is mounted on springs  4  (only two shown; two as shown are on the opposite side) which are supported from a frame  6 . The basket  3  is vibrated by a motor  5  and interconnected vibrating apparatus  8  which is mounted on the basket  3  for vibrating the basket and the screens. Elevator apparatus  7  provides for raising and lowering of the basket end. Typically the basket will be in a “climb the hill” position (see  FIG. 4 ) so that a pool  9  of liquid is maintained at one end within the basket. 
     FIG. 2  discloses one example of a typical prior art shaker system (e.g. as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,190,645). The system A has a shale shaker K having a screen or screens S. The screen(s) S are mounted in a typical shaker basket B and one or more vibrators V (any known suitable shaker vibrator) vibrate the basket B and hence the screen(s) S. The other components of the system A are as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,190,645 incorporated fully herein for all purposes. 
     FIG. 3  shows schematically a prior art system C with a Mud Box (Back tank, Possum Belly) to distribute the flow to a screening surface. The screens are mounted in a Deck (Basket) which is vibrated to assist the throughput of mud and movement of separated solids. The deck rests on Vibration Isolation Members, such as helical springs or rubber mounts. The vibration isolation members rest on the support member, which is also used to divert flow as desired, and is called a Bed. There are many deck, basket configurations used depending on the design criteria. The deck, basket, may be flat, horizontal, or mounted at a slope. 
   On sloped deck units (e.g. cascade or parallel flow), the screens may be continuous with one screen covering the entire deck length, or have a divided deck which has more than one screen used to cover the screening surface, or with individual screens mounted at different slopes. On multiple deck units, more than one screen layer may be employed. In a two or three deck unit, the mud passes through one screen before flowing through the second. 
   The motion of the shaker controls the efficiency of separation, rate of travel of cuttings on the screen, solids separation capacity and fluid capacity. The shape and axial direction of the vibration motion along the deck is controlled by the position of the vibrator relative to the deck and the direction of rotation of the vibrator. 
   Shale shakers have capacity limits. Exceeding a capacity limit means excessive mud will be discharged over the ends along with the solids. Capacity limits are typically defined for non-blinded screens. Capacity limits of a shale shaker include:
         1. The solids capacity limit is the maximum amount of solids that a device will remove; and   2. The liquid limit—the maximum GPM capacity for various drilling muds.       

   The solids capacity limit is encountered when drilling soft, gummy formations. Usually the liquid limit controls the minimum size screen that can be used for a given circulation rate. The thicker the mud, the lower the GPM capacity. Open area of the screens and usable area of the screening deck influence this limit. The solids capacity and/or liquid capacity varies with different shaker designs. In practice, the smallest screen size that can be employed without flooding a unit is used. 
   There is a need for an efficient vibratory separator system which is efficient and cost-effective with increased efficiency, and screen throughput. 
   SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION 
   The present invention discloses, in at least some aspects, a screen mounting basket for a vibratory separator or shale shaker for separating components of material introduced into the basket (e.g. drilling cuttings material), the vibratory separator including a collection receptacle beneath the basket, the basket including two opposed spaced-apart side walls having first ends and second ends, the first ends spaced-apart by spaced-apart end walls connected to each of the side walls; a basket bottom between the two spaced-apart side walls; at least one screen assembly positioned vertically in the basket for intercepting material introduced into the basket and for screening said material; and the at least one screen assembly extending from one side wall of the basket to the other. The present invention discloses, in at least certain aspects, a screen-supporting basket for a shale shaker or other vibratory separator that includes two side walls spaced-apart and interconnected by an end wall at a first end. A second end has bracing, bars, or beams spacing-apart the side walls, the bracing etc. positioned so that an end of a screen is above it. One or more screens (any known in the art) for treating fluid introduced at the shaker&#39;s first end are mounted int he basket in any way known in the art. The basket is mounted over a receptacle for receiving fluid and/or solids flowing through the screen(s). 
   The end wall at the first end of the basket has an opening therethrough. An upright end screen is emplaced over or in this opening so that liquid and/or solids in the material introduced into the basket may flow through this screen and into the receptacle below the basket. Such an end screen according to the present invention can be provided for any known basket when an end opening according to the present invention is provided in the basket&#39;s end wall. Such an end opening may be any desired size or shape and can extend for only a portion or over substantially all of the end wall. 
   In one aspect the screen is releasably held in place over the end-wall opening by sliding it down into channel members on either side of the openings and blocking or wedging it in place. Any suitable seal or gasket or sealing material may be used on the screen, on the channels and opening edge, or on both to sealingly position the screen over the opening. Any other suitable method or structure may be used to releasably position and hold the end screen over the end opening, including, but not limited to, channels alone, nuts and bolts, clamps, glue or other adhesive, releasably cooperating fastener material such as VELCRO™ material, or screws. Any known inflatable structure or bladder, or releasable tensioning bolts may be used to hold a screen in place. Alternatively the screen can be welded, soldered, or brazed at the openings edges. The end screen may be a single integral screen or multiple adjacent end-to-end screens may be used at the basket end. Also, multiple adjacent vertical screens may be used positioned so that fluid from within the basket flows through all of them. Such vertically “stacked” screens may all be mounted within the basket; outside the basket; or one or more of them may be mounted within the basket and one or more of them mounted outside the basket—with appropriate mounting members, gaskets, seals, seal members, and/or bolts and nuts so that fluid flows through the screens and then exits from an outermost screen. 
   In one aspect the end screen has a plate, mounting structure, or frame and with a lower part that is perforated or has holes or openings so that fluid flowing onto it flows through this part of the frame and out and down into the collection receptacle beneath the basket. 
   A shaker, in one embodiment according to the present invention, e.g. with basic components as the shaker in  FIG. 1 , is, according to the present invention, provided with a basket as described herein according to the present invention. 
   In other aspects one or both sides of a basket as described above according to the present invention also has one or more side screens through which fluid and/or solids from the material introduced into the basket can flow out and down into the collection below the basket. Optionally, there is no end screen as described above and only screen(s) on one or both side walls. Such side wall screens may be any as described above mounted in any way as described above for end screens. 
   In one basket according to the present invention a plurality of openings are provided on the side walls and end walls of the basket and, as desired, a screen may be used over any, some, or all the openings. For an opening not covered by a screen, a blocking plate or member is releasably and sealingly installed over the opening(s) to close off the opening to flow. According to the present invention one or more such screens may be installed within the basket on its interior over the opening or on the basket&#39;s exterior surface over the opening. Alternatively, with appropriate holding devices, a screen according to the present invention may be sized to fit sealingly within an opening. Any known flat, substantially flat, two-dimensional or three-dimensional screen or screen assembly, appropriately sized and configured, may be used according to the present invention to close off one or more end and/or side basket openings. 
   A basket as described above according to the present invention provides more screening area to treat material and separate its components than a conventional basket with the same footprint. By thus increasing the available screening area, the load on the horizontal screen(s) is reduced; their efficiency, and productivity are increased; and total throughput for the basket is increased. Shaker or screen capacity is typically determined by the position of a “fluid-end point”. The fluid end-point is the point where the fluid pool stops on the screen surface near the shaker&#39;s discharge end. As the fluid-end point moves closer to the discharge end, discharged solids can become too wet, risking whole mud losses over the screen. A typical rule of thumb for optimum shaker capacity specifies covering 66% or less of the shaker&#39;s screen surface. The integration of vertical screens into a shaker basket according to the present invention shortens the length of the fluid pool, effectively increasing shaker capacity. 
   Solid loading has as great an effect on shaker capacity as liquid volume. As solids take up screen area, liquid throughput is impeded due to the moving solids bed on the screen surface. The effect of heavy solids loading on screening capacity is exponential. Heavy solids loading creates a condition for fluid to ride on top of the moving solids bed, and creates conditions susceptible to whole mud losses. One solution to this problem has been to use coarser screens to prevent whole mud losses. This solution solves the immediate concern for the loss of whole mud, but may be at the expense of poor solids control. 
   The motion of the basket conveys solids away from the vertical screen(s) at the rear and/or sides of the shaker basket. Thus some portion of the fluid in the pool that exits through end and/or side basket screen(s) according to the present invention bypasses the traditional routing of prior art baskets, thereby enhancing shaker capacity. 
   Baskets according to the present invention with one or more screens according to the present invention enhance capacity, especially if there is enough flow to generate a pool on the screen surface. This is particularly true during heavy solids loading due to high penetration rates and large diameter hole conditions, or both. 
   In certain aspects, the end screen in a basket according to the present invention is at such an angle to the direction of the force of strokes of the vibrating apparatus that separation is enhanced as compared to the angle of these strokes with respect to the horizontal screen(s). 
   When a basket in a shaker has one elevated end (as shown in  FIG. 4 ) so that the separated solids run “uphill”, liquid is prevented from running off the screen&#39;s exit end; and a pool of liquid is formed at the basket&#39;s opposite end—by using an end wall opening(s) and screen(s) and/or appropriately located side wall opening(s) and screen(s) a portion of this liquid (and perhaps some small separated solids) flows out from the basket through the end screen(s) and/or side screen(s) and the horizontal screen(s) in the basket beyond the pool are not impacted by and do not have to process this portion of the liquid that flows out through the end screen (s) and/or side screen(s). Optionally, part or all of a basket&#39;s floor may be closed off to flow rather than completely or substantially completely covered with screen(s). In one aspect part of all of the area beneath a pool formed in a basket is closed off to flow and side and/or end screens treat the pool material. 
   The present invention, in one embodiment includes a shale shaker with a frame; a “basket” or screen mounting apparatus in the frame; one or more screens positioned in a flat position in the basket; basket vibrating apparatus; one or more end basket screens and/or one or more side basket screens; and a collection tank or receptacle below the basket. In one particular aspect such a shale shaker treats drilling fluid. 
   In certain embodiments the present invention discloses a screen mounting basket for a vibratory separator for separating components of material introduced into the basket, the vibratory separator including a collection receptacle beneath the basket, the basket with two opposed spaced-apart side walls having first ends and second ends, the first ends spaced-apart by an end wall connected to each of the side walls, a basket bottom opening between the two spaced-apart side walls, basket bottom screening apparatus at the basket bottom opening, at least one basket aperture not through the basket bottom, at least one aperture screen over the at least one basket aperture, and the at least one aperture screen and the bottom screening apparatus for separating a component material from the material introduced into the basket, material flowing through the at least one aperture screen not flowing through the bottom screening apparatus, the separated component material flowing into the collection receptacle. 
   The present invention discloses, in certain aspects a screen apparatus for a vibratory separator, the vibratory separator having a basket, the vibratory separator for separating components of material introduced into the basket, the vibratory separator including a collection receptacle beneath the basket, the screen apparatus including screening material, a support, the screening material on the support, the support having a plurality of openings therethrough suitable for the flow of fluid therethrough, the fluid from the material introduced into the basket, the support having a plurality of fluid conducting channels therein at an angle to the plurality of openings so that fluid flowing into one of the plurality of openings may then flow into one of the plurality of fluid conducting channels and out from the support into the receptacle. In one aspect a screen assembly with such a support (e.g. a frame or a plate) is stood on end at an end or side basket opening. 
   The present invention discloses, in certain aspects, a vibratory separator system for separating components from a liquid-solid mixture fed to the vibratory separator system, the vibratory separator system with a frame, a screen mounting basket on the frame, vibrating apparatus connected to the screen mounting basket for vibrating the screen mounting basket, the screen mounting basket like any described herein according to the present invention. 
   The present invention discloses, in certain aspects, a method for reducing the weight of material on the bottom screening apparatus of a vibratory separator, the vibratory separator having a screen mounting basket into which the material is introduced, the vibratory separator including a collection receptacle beneath the basket, the basket with a plurality of interconnected walls, a basket bottom opening between the walls, basket bottom screening apparatus at the basket bottom opening, at least one basket aperture through one of the walls and not through the basket bottom, at least one aperture screen over the at least one basket aperture, and the at least one aperture screen and the bottom screening apparatus for separating a component material from the material introduced into the basket, the separated component material flowing into the collection receptacle, the method including introducing the material into the basket, flowing part of the material through the at least one aperture screen, said part flowing into the receptacle without passing through the bottom screening apparatus. 
   It is, therefore, an object of at least certain preferred embodiments of the present invention to provide: 
   New, useful, unique, efficient, non-obvious baskets for vibratory separators and shale shakers and methods for using them to separate components of material to be treated thereby. 
   Such baskets with one or more end wall openings with one or more end wall screens for treating material; and/or with one or more side wall openings with one or more side wall screens for treating material; 
   Such a basket which provides for a pool on top of a topmost screening layer that has a pool end boundary that is relatively further away from a discharge end of a shaker as compared to such pools in prior art shakers or vibratory separators; 
   Such a shaker with any such basket; and 
   A system with any such basket that has relatively increased throughput and which increases screen life. 
   The present invention recognizes and addresses the previously-mentioned problems and long-felt needs and provides a solution to those problems and a satisfactory meeting of those needs in its various possible embodiments and equivalents thereof. To one of skill in this art who has the benefits of this invention&#39;s realizations, teachings, disclosures, and suggestions, other purposes and advantages will be appreciated from the following description of preferred embodiments, given for the purpose of disclosure, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The detail in these descriptions is not intended to thwart this patent&#39;s object to claim this invention no matter how others may later disguise it by variations in form or additions of further improvements. 
   U.S. application Ser. No. 09/716,176 filed Nov. 17, 2000 is incorporated herein fully for all purposes. 

   
     DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     A more particular description of embodiments of the invention briefly summarized above may be had by references to the embodiments which are shown in the drawings which form a part of this specification. These drawings illustrate certain preferred embodiments and are not to be used to improperly limit the scope of the invention which may have other equally effective or equivalent embodiments. 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a prior art shale shaker. 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic view of a prior art shaker system. 
       FIG. 3  is a schematic view of a prior art shaker. 
       FIG. 4  is a side view of a basket for a shaker as shown in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 5A  is a side view of a basket according to the present invention.  FIG. 5B  is a perspective view of a screen for the basket of  FIG. 5A .  FIG. 5C  is an end view and  FIG. 5D  is a partial top view of the basket of  FIG. 5A .  FIG. 5E  is a side view of a basket according to the present invention.  FIG. 5F  is a perspective view of a screen assembly according to the present invention.  FIG. 5G  is a side view of a basket according to the present invention.  FIG. 5H  is a top schematic view of a basket according to the present invention with screens according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 6A  is a perspective view of a plate according to the present invention for a screen according to the present invention.  FIG. 6B  is a top view of a perforated plate according to the present invention.  FIG. 6C  is a cross-section view along line  6 C— 6 C of  FIG. 6B .  FIG. 6D  is a top view of a screen assembly according to the present invention. 
       FIGS. 7A–7F  are perspective views of baskets according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 8  is a perspective view of a plate or sheet for a basket according to the present invention. 
   

   DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS PREFERRED AT THE TIME OF FILING FOR THIS PATENT 
   Referring now to  FIGS. 5A–5D , a screen-supporting basket  10  for a vibratory separator or shale shaker has two spaced-apart side walls  12 ,  14  and an end wall  16  between them. Typical vibrator apparatus  20  is connectible to the basket  10 . An end screen  40  is mounted in channels  22 ,  24  on opposite sides of the end wall  16 . Screen mounting apparatus  46  may be any such known apparatus. 
   In one aspect the channels  22 ,  24  are open at the top so the screen  40  can be introduced into the space between the channels  22 ,  24 . Optional removable blocks  26 ,  28  on the interior of the basket hold the screen  40  in place in the channels; and optional crown bars  32  on the screen  40 &#39;s exterior provide support for the screen  40 . In one aspect each crown bar  32  has a rubber part  34  that contacts the screen  40 . Screening material on the screen  40  (as on any screen according to the present invention) may be any suitable known screening material, including, but not limited to one, two, three or more layers of known screening material and/or mesh, two-dimensional or three-dimensional, bonded, glued, connected or unconnected. 
   The screen  40  may, optionally, have a curved lower portion  42  that corresponds to a curved-shape assumed by screens (not shown) mounted in the basket  10 . 
   The screen  40  is emplaced over an opening  18  in the end wall  16 . Optionally a sealing gasket  19  or other seal material or seal member is used around the opening  18 . 
   A basket  10  (and any basket according to the present invention) may be used with any suitable known shaker or separator. 
     FIG. 5E  shows another embodiment  10   a  of a basket  10  with multiple vertical end screens  40  (as above),  40   a , and  40   b  supported on lower part  22   a  of the channel  22  and positioned beneath upper part  22   b  of the channel  22 . Alternatively, the screens may have appropriate frames or other mounting members and/or structure so that they can be bolted in place. The screens  40   a  and  40   b  may be like the screen  40  with the screening material described for the screen  40  (and like numerals in  FIGS. 5A and 5E  are for like items). Each screen may have similar or different screening material. Two, three, four or more such screens may be used at a basket end and/or side(s) with screens positioned within or outside the basket. 
     FIG. 5F  shows a screen assembly  41  according to the present invention which has a frame  41   a  and screening material  41   b  (which may be any screening material layer or layers referred to herein). In one aspect the screen assembly  41  has a frame  41   a  like the frame of the frame in  FIG. 6A  with one, two, three, four, five or more holes (like the holes  64 ). Alternatively, there are no holes like the holes  64  in the frame  41   a  (as there are in the frame in  FIG. 6A ) and material flows from one side of the frame  41   a  to the other through the screening material  41   b . With one or more holes (like the holes  64 ) present in the frame  41   a  some of the material to be treated flows through screening material into the hole(s) and some of the material to be treated (e.g., but not limited to, drilling cuttings material) flows from one side of the frame to the other through the screening material  41   b . In one aspect the screen  40 ,  FIG. 5B , optionally, has hole(s) like the holes  64 ,  FIG. 6A . Any screen assembly  40  or  41  may have a plate as in  FIGS. 6B–6D  and/or as in  FIG. 8 . 
     FIG. 5G  illustrates a basket  10   a  according to the present invention, like the basket  10 ,  FIG. 5A , and like numerals indicate like parts. The basket  10   a  includes a screen assembly  43  and a screen assembly  45  mounted therein. It is within the scope of the present invention to delete one or two of the screen assemblies  40 ,  43 ,  45  and/or to have one or two additional screen assemblies  40 ,  43  and/or  45  spaced apart in the basket  10   a . The screen assemblies  43 ,  45 , or either of them, may be like the screen assembly  40 , the screen assembly  41  or any screen assembly according to the present invention. 
   As shown the screen assembly  43  is taller than the screen assembly  45 . According to the present invention, this may be reversed with the screen assembly  43  in the position of the screen assembly  45  or both screen assemblies may be the same height. In certain aspects the screen assemblies are sufficiently high that little or no material to be treated flows over the top of a screen assembly. In other aspects according to the present invention the screen assemblies or one of them are of such a height that a portion (e.g., but not limited to, one fourth, one half, or three-fourths) of the material first encountering a screen assembly flows over the top thereof. 
     FIG. 5H  shows a basket  10   b  according to the present invention with four screen assemblies  51 ,  52 ,  54 ,  55  mounted therein (e.g. like the screen assemblies  40 ,  43 , and/or  45 ). The screen assemblies  51 ,  52 ,  54 ,  55  or any of them may be as any screen assembly according to the present invention, including, but not limited to, the screen assemblies  40 ,  41 ,  43 , and/or  45  in any of their embodiments described above. In one particular aspect, the screen assembly  52  (and also the screen assemblies  51 ,  54 , and  55 ) have a hole or holes like the holes  64 ,  FIG. 6A  and material flowing to and through the hole(s) flows into an opening  53  in the bottom of the basket  10   b  and then into a lower receptacle beneath the basket (and any of the other screen assemblies may be so mounted above an opening like the opening  53 ). 
   Any one, two, or three of the screen assemblies in  FIG. 5H  may be deleted. 
   Also, one or some of the screen assemblies may be mounted above an opening like the opening  53  while the remaining screen(s) are not mounted above such an opening. 
   Any of the screen assemblies in  FIGS. 5A–5H  may be used with any known basket or with any basket according to the present invention [providing, with respect to known baskets openings, as desired, are provided according to the present invention through the screen(s) in the bottom of the basket]. 
     FIG. 6A  shows part of a tubular frame  60  used as a screen support for screening material for a screen assembly according to the present invention for use in a vibratory separator or shale shaker. 
   The frame  60  has a top member  61  and a bottom member  62 . 
   A plurality of cross members  63  (one shown) interconnect the top and bottom members. 
   One, two, three, four, or more holes  64  (or a series of perforations through the bottom member  62 ) provide for fluid flow through the bottom member  62  (shown as hollow; solid bottom members with one or more holes or perforations may be used). In one aspect the top member also has such a hole or holes  64 . 
     FIGS. 6B and 6C  show a perforated plate  200  for supporting screening material (not shown) for a screen assembly for a vibratory separator, particularly for an end screen or side basket screen according to the present invention as described herein. The perforated plate  200  has a plurality of spaced-apart openings  201  or holes extending through the plate from one surface to the other. A second series of spaced-apart openings  202  or holes extend from the topmost row of openings  201  (as viewed in  FIG. 6B ) to a bottom side  203  of the plate  200 . Openings  202  intersect openings  201  so that fluid flowing into an opening  201  can flow down (as viewed in  FIG. 6B ) and out from the plate  200 , e.g. into a receptacle of a vibratory separator or shale shaker beneath a basket in which is mounted a screen assembly with such a plate. 
   It is within the scope of this invention for any known perforated plate or perforated member used as a support for a screen assembly which has a known series of spaced-apart perforations, holes, openings, etc. to have a second series of perforations, openings or holes (e.g. but not limited to like the holes  202 ) at any desired angle to the perforations, holes or openings, etc. through the plate (including, but not limited to at a right angle as shown in  FIG. 6B ) to conduct fluid through the plate as is done by the plate  200 . 
     FIG. 6D  shows a screen assembly  210  for a vibratory separator, according to the present invention, with a perforated plate  211  for supporting screening material  212  on the plate  211 , particularly for an end screen or side basket screen according to the present invention as described herein. The perforated plate  211  has a plurality of spaced-apart openings  213  or holes extending through the plate from one surface to the other. A series of spaced-apart grooves  214  or notches extend from one side of the plate  211  to the other and intersect the openings  213  so that fluid flowing into an opening  213  can flow down and out from the plate  211 , e.g. into a receptacle of a vibratory separator or shale shaker beneath a basket in which is mounted a screen assembly with such a plate. There may be multiple holes  213  under each hole  213  as viewed in  FIG. 6D  across the plate&#39;s surface. The screening material  212  may be any disclosed herein and/or any known in the art. 
   It is within the scope of this invention for any known perforated plate or perforated member used as a support for a screen assembly which has a known series of spaced-apart perforations, holes, openings, etc. to have a second series of grooves or notches (e.g. but not limited to like the grooves  214 ) at any desired angle to the perforations, holes or openings, etc. through the plate (including, but not limited to at a right angle as shown in  FIG. 6D ) to conduct fluid down the plate as is done in the plate  211 . 
     FIGS. 7A–7F  show various baskets according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 7A  shows a basket  70  with side walls  72 , end wall  73 , and cross-braces  79  on which screens for treating fluid introduced into the basket are to be mounted. End wall  73  has an end screen  74  over an end opening  71  for treating fluid introduced to the basket  70 . Side screens  75 ,  76  are mounted over side openings  77  in the side walls  72 . An end brace  78  is interconnected between side walls  72  at an exit end of the basket  70  (opposite the other end at which fluid is introduced into the basket). 
     FIG. 7B  shows a basket  80  with side walls  82 , end wall  83 , in which screens for treating fluid introduced into the basket are to be mounted. End wall  83  has an end screen  84  over an end opening  81  for treating fluid introduced to the basket  80 . Side screens  85 ,  86  are mounted over side openings  87  in the side walls  82 . An end brace  88  is interconnected between side walls  82  at an exit end of the basket  80  (opposite the other end at which fluid is introduced into the basket). 
     FIG. 7C  shows a basket  90  with side walls  92 , end wall  93 , and cross-braces  99  on which screens for treating fluid introduced into the basket are to be mounted. End wall  93  has an end screen  94  over an end opening  91  for treating fluid introduced to the basket  90 . Side screens  95 ,  96  are mounted over side openings  97  in the side walls  92 . An end brace  98  is interconnected between side walls  92  at an exit end of the basket  90  (opposite the other end at which fluid is introduced into the basket). 
     FIG. 7D  shows a basket  100  with side walls  102 , end wall  103 , and cross-braces  109 . End wall  103  has an end screen  104  over an end opening  101  for treating fluid introduced to the basket  100 . Side screens  105 ,  106  are mounted over side openings  107  in the side walls  102 . An end brace  108  is interconnected between side walls  102  at an exit end of the basket  100  (opposite the other end at which fluid is introduced into the basket). Mounting apparatus  110  (any known in the art) is used to mount screens in the basket  100 . 
     FIG. 7E  shows a basket  120  with side walls  122 , end wall  123 , and cross-braces  129 . End wall  123  has end screens  124 ,  134  over end openings  121 ,  131  for treating fluid introduced to the basket  120 . Side screens  125 ,  126  are mounted over side openings  127 ,  137  in the side walls  122 . An end brace  128  is interconnected between side walls  122  at an exit end of the basket  120  (opposite the other end at which fluid is introduced into the basket). Mounting apparatus  130  (any known in the art) is used to mount screens in the basket  120 . 
     FIG. 7F  shows a basket  140  with side walls  142 , end wall  143 , and screens  162 ,  163  mounted on the basket for treating fluid introduced into the basket. End wall  143  has an end screen  174  over an end opening  141  for treating fluid introduced to the basket  140 . Side screens  144 ,  145 ,  146 ,  147 ,  148 ,  149  are mounted over side openings  154 ,  155 ,  156 ,  157 ,  158 ,  159  in the side walls  142 . An end brace  161  is interconnected between side walls  142  at an exit end  182  of the basket  140  (opposite the other end at which fluid is introduced into the basket). A solid sheet or plate  180  is mounted in the basket at the fluid introduction end  184  opposite the solids exit end  182 . The solid sheet or plate  180  performs no fluid treatment function of separating components of a fluid introduced into the basket  140 . The end screen  174  and side screens and/or side screen portions adjacent the solid sheet or plate  180  do perform a fluid component separation function. It is within the scope of this invention for the solid sheet or plate to be sized so that it underlies a pond or pool (e.g. as shown in  FIG. 4 , item  9 ). It is also within the scope of this invention for the solid sheet or plate to extend from the end wall  143  toward the exit end  182  six inches, one foot, eighteen inches, two feet, thirty inches, three feet, forty two inches, four feet, or any desired amount. Alternatively, the sheet or plate  180  may have a series of slits, slots, holes, openings and/or perforations therethrough so that the sheet or plate  180  does perform a fluid component separation function; and, in one such embodiment, the slits, slots, holes, openings and/or perforations (collectively referred to as “holes”) are of a size like that of a finest screen mesh on top of a screen or screens used for the screens  162 ,  163 . Any screen or screen assembly may be used in the basket  140 . Any sheet or plate  180  may be used in any known basket or any basket according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 8  shows a plate  180  with a plurality of perforations  185  therethrough. 
   The present invention, therefore, provides in certain, but not necessarily all embodiments, a screen mounting basket for a vibratory separator for separating components of material introduced into the basket, the vibratory separator including a collection receptacle beneath the basket, the basket with two opposed spaced-apart side walls having first ends and second ends, the first ends spaced-apart by an end wall connected to each of the side walls, a basket bottom opening between the two spaced-apart side walls, basket bottom screening apparatus at the basket bottom opening, at least one basket aperture not through the basket bottom, at least one aperture screen over the at least one basket aperture, and the at least one aperture screen and the bottom screening apparatus for separating a component material from the material introduced into the basket, material flowing through the at least one aperture screen not flowing through the bottom screening apparatus, the separated component material flowing into the collection receptacle. Such a method may include one or some of the following, in any possible combination: wherein the basket aperture is through the end wall; wherein the basket aperture is through one of the two spaced-apart side walls; wherein the at least one aperture screen has a support with a plurality of openings therethrough suitable for the flow of fluid therethrough, the fluid from the material introduced into the basket, and the at least one aperture screen having one or a plurality of fluid conducting channels therein at an angle to the plurality of openings so that fluid flowing into one of the plurality of openings may then flow into the one or one of the plurality of fluid conducting channels and out from the support into the receptacle; wherein the support is a frame and the plurality of fluid conducting channels is a plurality of holes in part of the frame; wherein the support is a perforated plate, the plurality of openings is a plurality of openings through the perforated plate, and the plurality of fluid conducting channels is a plurality of holes through the perforated plate; and/or wherein the material introduced to the basket is drilling fluid with undesirable material therein and the separated component is drilling fluid. 
   The present invention, therefore, provides in certain, but not necessarily all embodiments, a screen mounting basket for a vibratory separator for separating components of material introduced into the basket, the vibratory separator including a collection receptacle beneath the basket, the basket with two opposed spaced-apart side walls having first ends and second ends, the first ends spaced-apart by an end wall connected to each of the side walls, a basket bottom opening between the two spaced-apart side walls, at least one end opening through the end wall, at least one end screen over the at least one end opening, at least one basket screen over the basket bottom opening, and the at least one end screen and the at least one basket screen for separating a component from the material, material flowing through the at least one aperture screen not flowing through the bottom screening apparatus, the separated component flowing into the collection receptacle. Such a method may include one or some of the following, in any possible combination: wherein the basket has at least one side opening in one of the two spaced-apart sides and at least one side basket screen is mounted over the at least one side opening for separating a component from the material; wherein the at least one basket screen is a two-dimensional screen; wherein the at least one basket screen is a three-dimensional screen; wherein the at least one end screen is within the basket; wherein the at least one end screen is releasably secured to the basket; wherein the at least one side basket screen is within the basket; wherein the at least one side basket screen is releasably secured to the basket; wherein the at least one end screen is a plurality of end screens adjacent each other end-to-end over the at least one end opening; wherein the at least one end screen is a plurality of end screens positioned vertically adjacent and parallel to each other over the at least one end opening; wherein the at least one side basket screen is a plurality of side basket screens adjacent each other end-to-end over the at least one side basket opening; wherein the at least side basket screen is a plurality of side basket screens positioned vertically adjacent and parallel to each other over the at least one side basket opening; wherein the at least one end screen opening is plurality of adjacent end openings and the at least one end screen is a plurality of end screens each over an opening of the plurality of end openings; wherein the at least one side basket opening is plurality of side basket openings and the at least one side basket screen is a plurality of side basket screens each over an opening of the plurality of side basket openings; wherein the material introduced to the basket is drilling fluid with undesirable material therein and the separated component is drilling fluid; wherein the at least one end screen has a support with a plurality of openings therethrough suitable for the flow of fluid therethrough, the fluid from the material introduced into the basket, and the at least one end screen having one or a plurality of fluid conducting channels therein at an angle to the plurality of openings so that fluid flowing into one of the plurality of openings may then flow into one of the one or plurality of fluid conducting channels and out from the support; wherein the support is a frame and the plurality of fluid conducting channels is a plurality of holes in part of the frame; and/or wherein the support is a perforated plate, the plurality of openings is a plurality of openings through the perforated plate, and the plurality of fluid conducting channels is a plurality of holes through the perforated plate. 
   The present invention, therefore, provides in certain, but not necessarily all embodiments, a screen apparatus for a vibratory separator, the vibratory separator having a basket, the vibratory separator for separating components of material introduced into the basket, the vibratory separator including a collection receptacle beneath the basket, the screen apparatus with screening material, a support, the screening material on the support, the support having a plurality of openings therethrough suitable for the flow of fluid therethrough, the fluid from the material introduced into the basket, the support having one or a plurality of fluid conducting channels therein at an angle to the plurality of openings so that fluid flowing into one of the plurality of openings may then flow into one of the plurality of fluid conducting channels and out from the support into the receptacle. Such a method may include one or some of the following, in any possible combination: screen apparatus wherein the material introduced into the basket is drilling fluid with undesirable material therein and the screen apparatus is for separating drilling fluid from the material; wherein the plurality of fluid conducting channels comprises a plurality of grooves in a surface of the support, each groove intersecting openings of the plurality of openings in the support; wherein the support is a frame and the plurality of fluid conducting channels is a plurality of holes in part of the frame; and/or wherein the support is a perforated plate, the plurality of openings is a plurality of openings through the perforated plate, and the plurality of fluid conducting channels is a plurality of holes through the perforated plate. 
   The present invention, therefore, provides in certain, but not necessarily all embodiments, a screen mounting basket for a vibratory separator for separating components of material introduced into the basket, the vibratory separator including a collection receptacle beneath the basket, the basket with two opposed spaced-apart side walls having first ends and second ends, the first ends spaced-apart by an end wall connected to each of the side walls, a basket bottom opening between the two spaced-apart side walls, at least one side basket opening through one of the two spaced-apart side walls, at least one side basket screen over the at least one side basket opening, at least one basket screen over the basket bottom opening, and at least one side basket screen over the at least one side basket opening, at least one basket screen over the basket bottom opening, and the at least one side basket screen and the at least one basket screen for separating a component from the material, component material separated by the at least one side basket screen not flowing through the at least one basket screen, the separated component material flowing into the collection receptacle. 
   The present invention, therefore, provides in certain, but not necessarily all embodiments, a vibratory separator system for separating components from a liquid-solid mixture fed to the vibratory separator system, the vibratory separator system with a frame, a screen mounting basket on the frame, vibrating apparatus connected to the screen mounting basket for vibrating the screen mounting basket, the screen mounting basket with two opposed spaced-apart side walls having first ends and second ends, the first ends spaced-apart by an end wall connected to each of the side walls, a basket bottom opening between the two spaced-apart side walls, basket bottom screening apparatus at the basket bottom opening, at least one basket aperture not through the basket bottom, at least one aperture screen over the at least one basket aperture, and the at least one aperture screen and the bottom screening apparatus for separating a component material from the material introduced into the basket, material flowing through the at least one aperture screen not flowing through the bottom screening apparatus, the separated component material flowing into the collection receptacle; and such a vibratory separator system wherein the liquid-solid mixture is drilling fluid with undesirable material therein and the component separated by the at least one aperture screen is drilling fluid. 
   The present invention, therefore, provides in certain, but not necessarily all embodiments, a method for separating components of a material with a vibratory separator, the vibratory separator having a screen mounting basket into which the material is introduced, the vibratory separator including a collection receptacle beneath the basket, the basket with two opposed spaced-apart side walls having first ends and second ends, the first ends spaced-apart by an end wall connected to each of the side walls, a basket bottom opening between the two spaced-apart side walls, basket bottom screening apparatus at the basket bottom opening, at least one basket aperture not through the basket bottom opening, at least one aperture screen over the at least one basket aperture, and the at least one aperture screen and the bottom screening apparatus for separating a component material from the material introduced into the basket, the separated component material flowing into the collection receptacle, the method including introducing the material into the basket, separating a component of the material with the basket bottom screening apparatus and with the at least one aperture screen, component material separated by the at least one aperture screen not flowing through the basket bottom screening apparatus and the thus separated component material flowing into the receptacle. 
   The present invention, therefore, provides in certain, but not necessarily all embodiments, a method for separating components of a material with a vibratory separator, the vibratory separator having a screen mounting basket into which the material is introduced, the vibratory separator including a collection receptacle beneath the basket, the basket with two opposed spaced-apart side walls having first ends and second ends, the first ends spaced-apart by an end wall connected to each of the side walls, a basket bottom opening between the two spaced-apart side walls, at least one end opening through the end wall, at least one end screen over the at least one end opening, at least one basket screen over the basket bottom opening, and the at least one end screen and the at least one basket screen for separating a component from the material, the separated component flowing into the collection receptacle, the method including introducing the material into the basket, separating a component of the material with the at least one basket screen and with the at least one end screen, component material flowing through the at least one end screen not flowing through the at least one basket screen and the thus separated component material flowing into the receptacle. 
   The present invention, therefore, provides in certain, but not necessarily all embodiments, a method for reducing the weight of material on the bottom screening apparatus of a vibratory separator, the vibratory separator having a screen mounting basket into which the material is introduced, the vibratory separator including a collection receptacle beneath the basket, the basket with a plurality of interconnected walls, a basket bottom opening between the walls, basket bottom screening apparatus at the basket bottom opening, at least one basket aperture through one of the walls and not through the basket bottom, at least one aperture screen over the at least one basket aperture, and the at least one aperture screen and the bottom screening apparatus for separating a component material from the material introduced into the basket, the separated component material flowing into the collection receptacle, the method including introducing the material into the basket, flowing part of the material through the at least one aperture screen, said part flowing into the receptacle without passing through the bottom screening apparatus. 
   The present invention, therefore, provides in certain, but not necessarily all embodiments, a screen mounting basket for a vibratory separator or shale shaker for separating components of material (e.g. drilling cuttings material) introduced into the basket, the vibratory separator or shaker including a collection receptacle beneath the basket, the basket including: two opposed spaced-apart side walls having first ends and second ends, the first ends spaced-apart by spaced-apart end walls connected to each of the side walls; a basket bottom between the two spaced-apart side walls; at least one screen assembly or a plurality of such assemblies positioned vertically in the basket for intercepting material introduced into the basket and for screening said material; and the screen assembly or screen assemblies extending from one side wall of the basket to the other. 
   The present invention, therefore, provides in certain, but not necessarily all embodiments, a screen mounting basket for a vibratory separator or shale shaker for separating components of material (e.g. drilling cuttings material) introduced into the basket, the vibratory separator or shaker including a collection receptacle beneath the basket, the basket including: two opposed spaced-apart side walls having first ends and second ends, the first ends spaced-apart by spaced-apart end walls connected to each of the side walls; a basket bottom between the two spaced-apart side walls; at least one screen assembly or screen assemblies positioned vertically in the basket for intercepting material introduced into the basket and for screening said material; the screen assembly or assemblies extending from one side wall of the basket to the other; a or a plurality of basket bottom openings; the at least one screen assembly or each assembly positioned over a basket bottom opening; and each screen assembly having at least one fluid conducting hole so that a portion of the material introduced into the basket is flowable into the or each screen assembly and through the at least one fluid conducting hole into the basket bottom opening and thence into the collection receptacle. 
   The present invention, therefore, provides in certain, but not necessarily all embodiments, a vibratory separator system for separating components from a liquid-solid mixture fed to the vibratory separator system, the vibratory separator system including a base, a screen mounting basket on the base, vibrating apparatus connected to the screen mounting basket for vibrating the screen mounting basket, and a screen mounting basket according to the present invention. 
   In conclusion, therefore, it is seen that the present invention and the embodiments disclosed herein and those covered by the appended claims are well adapted to carry out the objectives and obtain the ends set forth. Certain changes can be made in the subject matter described, shown and claimed without departing from the spirit and the scope of this invention. It is realized that changes are possible within the scope of this invention and it is further intended that each element or step recited in any of the following claims is to be understood as referring to all equivalent elements or steps. The following claims are intended to cover the invention as broadly as legally possible in whatever form its principles may be utilized.