Patent Publication Number: US-8659-P

Title: Strawberry plant called Anaheim

Description:
DESCRIPTION 
     This invention relates to a new and distinctive short-day type cultivar designated as `Anaheim`, which resulted from a cross performed in 1988 between the cultivar `Irvine`(U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,172) and advanced selection Cal 85.92-602. 
     `Anaheim` was first fruited at the University of California South coast Research and Extension Center, near Irvine, Calif. in 1989, where it was selected, originally designated Cal 88.66-610, and propagated asexually by runners. Asexual propagules from this original source have been tested at the South Coast Research and Extension Center, the Watsonville Strawberry Research Facility, and to a limited extend in grower fields starting in 1990. 
    
    
     FIG. 1 shows the general flowering and fruiting characteristics of the plant; 
     FIG. 2 shows a typical mature leaf during late spring; and 
     FIG. 3 shows representative mid-season fruit. 
    
    
     `Anaheim` is typical of short-day types and produces fruit over an extended period when treated appropriately in arid, subtropical climates. `Anaheim` differs from `Irvine` primarily in that `Irvine` is a day-neutral type and not a short-day type. Also `Irvine` has essentially no photoperiodic flowering response and is more difficult to grow by comparison with `Anaheim.` The production pattern for `Anaheim`, is similar to that for `Chandler` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 5,262), although its production initiates earlier and persists somewhat later in the season in cool mediterranean climates. `Anaheim` will be of special interest for winter plantings, where `Chandler` has been successful, and in summer plantings where `Pajaro` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 4,538) has been successful. Because of its late-season production, `Anaheim`, is likely to be adapted to production objectives in central California. 
     Plants and foliage: Fruiting plants of `Anaheim` are larger, more erect, and more vigorous than plants of `Chandler`, and are generally similar in form to plants of `Oso Grande` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 6,578). `Anaheim` forms branch crowns in greater quantity than `Chandler` with similar or greater branching than `Oso Grande`. When propagated in the nursery, `Anaheim` has similar or greater runner production capacity compared with `Chandler`. Comparative statistics for foliar characters, including leaf color, near mid-season are given for the three cultivars in Table 1, with visual comparisons of leaf color to the Munsell color scale (Nickerson Color Fan) given in Table 5. Leaf color is distinctly lighter on the underside for `Anaheim`; the differential is larger than for `Chandler` and similar to that for `Oso Grande`. Individual leaflets for `Anaheim` are larger and somewhat more elongated than for `Chandler`, and are less rounded than for `Oso Grande`. Leaves (including petioles) are longer and much broader than for `Chandler`. Petioles are thicker and more stiff than those of `Chandler` and are similar to those of `Oso Grande`. Paired stipules, borne in a median position on the petiole, appear as small, stalked, ovate to heart-shaped structures on most leaves for `Anaheim` and the comparison cultivars. Stipule size varies greatly both within and among individual plants for `Anaheim`, and one or both stipules may be absent or may abscise as the leaf matures. Leaf and petiole pubescence characters for `Anaheim` are similar to those for `Oso Grande`, except that tomentum on leaves are substantially less dense. Also, leaves for `Anaheim` are darker than `Chandler` and similar in color to, but slightly darker than, those of `Oso Grande`. Visual comparisons of fruit color according to the Munsell color scale (Nickerson Color Fan) are given in Table 5. `Anaheim` has flat (occasionally concave) leaves, which are easily distinguished from those of `Chandler`, and are similar in convexity to leaves of `Oso Grande`. 
     Isozymes in leaf extracts: `Anaheim` has been classified for three isozyme systems using starch gel electrophoresis (Table 2): Phosophoglucoisomerase (PGI), Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP), and Phosphoglucomutase (PGM). It is distinguishable from all other short-day cultivars released to date except `Oso Grande`. For electrophoretic procedures see: J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 106:684-687. 
     
                       TABLE 1                                                     
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Foliar characteristics for                                                
`Anaheim`, `Chandler`, and `Oso Grande`.                                  
          Cultivar                                                        
Foliar Character                                                          
            `Anaheim`  `Chandler` `Oso Grande`                            
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Mid-tier leaflet                                                          
Length (mm)                                                               
mean        98.6       82.4       77.2                                    
range       88-107     78-94      75-80                                   
Width (mm)                                                                
mean        88.2       71.4       67.6                                    
range       77-101     63-88      62-71                                   
Mid-tier leaf                                                             
Length (mm)                                                               
mean        238.6      244.2      191.6                                   
range       192-262    218-262    170-200                                 
Width (mm)                                                                
mean        174.4      148.0      137.2                                   
range       155-195    132-158    130-149                                 
Leaf color                                                                
(CIELAB)*                                                                 
L*                                                                        
mean        29.5       31.4       31.9                                    
range       28.7-32.7  27.1-33.3  29.9-33.0                               
a*                                                                        
mean        -6.8       -8.0       -5.3                                    
range       -5.3--8.4  -5.2--8.2  -4.2--8.3                               
b*                                                                        
mean        15.0       16.0       15.5                                    
range       11.8-19.9  12.9-21.4  12.5-20.6                               
# leaflets/leaf                                                           
            3          3          3                                       
Leaf convexity                                                            
            flat/slight                                                   
                       concave    concave                                 
            concave                                                       
Serrations                                                                
number      moderate/  many       moderate                                
shape       many       semi-pointed                                       
                                  semi-round                              
            semi-round                                                    
Leaf pubescence                                                           
            sparse     moderate/  moderate/                               
                       sparse     heavy                                   
Petiole pubescence                                                        
density     heavy      heavy      heavy                                   
direction   perpendicular                                                 
                       acropetal  perpendicular                           
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 *CIELAB is the abbreviation of the international color system known as   
 &#34;Commission Internationale De L&#39;Eclairage&#34; 1978. Recommendations on      
 uniform color spaces -- color difference equations, psychometric color   
 terms, Supplement No. 2 to CIE Publication No. 15. PARIS.                
 
    
     Disease and pest reaction: `Anaheim` is moderately resistant to common leaf spot (Ramularia tulasnei) and powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca macularis). When treated properly, it has equal or greater tolerance to two-spotted spidermites (Tetranychus urtacea) than `Chandler`. `Anaheim` is tolerant to strawberry viruses encountered in California. 
     
                       TABLE 2                                                     
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Isozyme phenotypes for `Anaheim`, `Chandler`, and `Oso Grande`.           
Cultivar                                                                  
Locus   `Anaheim`    `Chandler`                                           
                               `Oso Grande`                               
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PGI     A2           A1        A2                                         
LAP     B3           B3        B3                                         
PGM     C2           C1        C2                                         
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     Flowering, fruiting, fruit, and production characteristics: Comparative statistics for flower and fruit characters, including fruit color, near mid-season are given for `Anaheim`, `Chandler` and `Oso Grande` in Table 3. The primary flowers for `Anaheim` are slightly smaller than those of `Chandler` and similar in size to those of `Oso Grande`; the sepals for `Anaheim` are slightly larger than for the comparison cultivars. Each primary flower has 5-7 petals. The calyx for `Anaheim` is usually even with the shoulder of the fruit, but is occasionally slightly indented. The primary fruit shape for `Anaheim` is very symmetrical and conic, with secondary fruit usually similar in shape. External fruit color for `Anaheim` is lighter and substantially more orange than `Chandler` and `Oso Grande`, and the fruit is somewhat less glossy than fruit of `Chandler`; internal fruit color for `Anaheim` is lighter than for `Chandler` and darker than for `Oso Grande`. Achenes vary from yellow to light red, and are slightly extruded. 
     `Anaheim` has been tested under a variety of cultural regimes, and optimal performance is obtained when nursery treatments, pre-plant chilling regimes, plant densities, and nutritional programs similar to those that optimize performance for `Chandler` are used. In general, `Anaheim` is more adapted to early-season planting with less supplemental chilling than `Chandler`. 
     `Anaheim` has slightly smaller average fruit size and yields than `Chandler` or `Oso Grande` (Table 4). `Anaheim` is similar to `Chandler` and `Oso Grande` in its production pattern, although it produces better quality fruit late in the production season than either comparison cultivar (with conventional winter planting). Commerical appearance and firmness ratings have been better than those for `Chandler`. Fruit firmness for `Anaheim` is about equal to that for `Oso Grande`. Subjectively, `Anaheim` has very good flavor, somewhat less aromatic than `Chandler`, somewhat less sweet but with better acid balance than `Oso Grande`. The fruit will be outstanding for both fresh market and processing, due to its firm flesh and even internal color and will be useful for home garden purposes. 
     
                       TABLE 3                                                     
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Flower and fruit characters for                                           
`Anaheim`, `Chandler`, and `Oso Grande`.                                  
            Cultivar                                                      
Character     `Anaheim` `Chandler`                                        
                                  `Oso Grande`                            
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# petals                                                                  
mean           6.3       6.6       5.0                                    
range         5-7       6-8       5-5                                     
Flower position                                                           
              exposed   even/     exposed                                 
(relative to foliage)   exposed                                           
Calyx diam. (mm)                                                          
mean          49.2      47.7      34.1                                    
range         44-55     45-53     27-38                                   
Corolla diam. (mm)                                                        
mean          35.0      39.3      32.2                                    
range         30-40     36-46     27-41                                   
Fruit shape                                                               
length/width   1.02      1.33      1.06                                   
ratio                                                                     
subjective    conic     flat conic                                        
                                  blocky/conic                            
Calyx position                                                            
              even/slight                                                 
                        even/slight                                       
                                  even/slight                             
              indent    neck      indent                                  
Seed position extruded  even/slight                                       
                                  even                                    
                        indent                                            
Fruit color (CIELAB)                                                      
external                                                                  
L*            26.6      23.6      22.4                                    
a*            36.1      38.5      31.2                                    
b*            21.3      14.8      17.2                                    
internal                                                                  
L*            48.4      46.2      54.1                                    
a*            36.6      39.1      30.4                                    
b*            28.1      29.4      22.7                                    
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                       TABLE 4                                                     
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Performance for selection `Anaheim` compared with `Oso Grande`            
and `Chandler` at the South Coast Research and Extension Center           
in 1991. All plants were dug from the South Coast nursery on              
October 1 and planted October 2 (68&#34;/4-row beds, 23,061                   
plants/A, 100 g/plant = 425 Crates/A).                                    
         Yield    Total           Appear-                                 
         To 4/1   Yield    Size   ance   Firm-                            
         (g/plant)                                                        
                  (g/plant)                                               
                           (g/fruit)                                      
                                  Score  ness                             
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`Anaheim`                                                                 
         447      1,391    22.4   4.2    4.6                              
`Chandler`                                                                
         463      1,738    23.3   3.9    4.0                              
`Oso Grande`                                                              
         530      1,675    25.0   3.8    4.9                              
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                       TABLE 5                                                     
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Munsell color classification for leaf and fruit characters.               
Munsell                  Munsell                                          
Leaf Color Classes       Fruit Color Classes                              
       Upper      Lower                                                   
Item   (Adaxial)  (Abaxial)  External                                     
                                     Internal                             
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Chandler                                                                  
       5GY 4/3    5GY 5/6    5R 5/13 7R 5/13                              
       5GY 5/6               5R 4/12                                      
Oso    5GY 4/3    5GY 5/6    5R 5/13 7.5R 7/9                             
       5GY 3/2    7.5GY 6/8  7.5R 5/13                                    
                                     7.5R 6/12                            
Anaheim                                                                   
       7.5GY 5/7  5G 7.8     10R 6/12                                     
                                     5R 8/6                               
       7.5GY 6/8  5G 6/8     10R 5/11                                     
                                     5R 7/9                               
       7.5GY 4/4                                                          
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