Patent Publication Number: US-2023161943-A1

Title: Responsive Document Authoring

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     With advances in computing technology, digital content is consumed on an increasingly diverse range of different device types, such as desktops, tablets, mobile devices, and so forth. Digital content designers conventionally create static content layouts that are configured for output by a certain device type. However, these static content layouts designed for output by one device type encounter rendering problems when output by another device type and fail to appear as intended. Some conventional approaches attempt to avoid such rendering problems by designing multiple different layouts, such as one static layout for displaying a website via desktop, another static layout for displaying the website via mobile device, and so forth. However, these conventional approaches require considerable time and effort to create each static layout and are unable to scale to accommodate new devices without creating a new, device-specific, layout. 
     SUMMARY 
     Systems and techniques for generating responsive documents are described. To do so, digital content to be included in a document (e.g., a website, an email, an application interface, etc.) is organized into a structure that defines how content is presented when the document is displayed at a computing device. The structured digital content is used to create a single responsive document that presents different layouts, combinations, and alternatives of the structured digital content depending on display characteristics associated with individual computing devices displaying the responsive document. To generate the responsive document, relationships are defined among different digital content objects, such as groups of content objects to be presented together and content objects that are to be presented as alternatives of one another. Responsive patterns are then assigned to content objects grouped by a relationship, where each responsive pattern defines different layout configurations for displaying the grouped content objects based on computing device display characteristics. 
     In some implementations, multiple responsive patterns are assigned to a particular group of digital content objects and individual responsive patterns are associated with activation ranges for one or more display characteristics that activate the responsive pattern. For groups of digital content objects that are assigned multiple responsive patterns, the responsive patterns are prioritized to create a hierarchy dictating display of the responsive document. The structured content and assigned responsive pattern(s) are then compiled and output as a single responsive document configured to adapt for display by a diverse range of computing devices with different display characteristics. 
     This Summary introduces a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. As such, this Summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The detailed description is described with reference to the accompanying figures. In some implementations, entities represented in the figures are indicative of one or more entities and thus reference is made interchangeably to single or plural forms of the entities in the discussion. 
         FIG.  1    is an illustration of a digital medium environment in an example implementation that is operable to employ a responsive layout system to generate responsive document that includes at least one responsive pattern for rendering digital content objects. 
         FIG.  2    depicts a digital medium environment showing operation of the responsive layout system of  FIG.  1    in greater detail. 
         FIG.  3    depicts a digital medium environment in an example implementation of a structured document representation. 
         FIG.  4    depicts a digital medium environment in an example implementation of a canvas that includes unstructured digital content objects. 
         FIG.  5    depicts a digital medium environment in an example implementation of a canvas that includes digital content objects organized in a structure by the responsive layout system of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIGS.  6 - 12    depict digital medium environments in example implementations of user interfaces for the responsive layout system of  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  13    depicts a digital medium environment in an example implementation of a structured document representation with responsive patterns assigned to digital content groups. 
         FIG.  14    is a flow diagram depicting a procedure in an example implementation of generating a responsive document using the techniques described herein. 
         FIG.  15    is a flow diagram depicting a procedure in an example implementation of rendering a responsive document generated using the techniques described herein. 
         FIG.  16    illustrates an example system including various components of an example device to implement the techniques described with reference to  FIGS.  1 - 15   . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Overview 
     With digital content being consumed on an ever-increasing range of different computing devices and an escalating demand for customized consumption experiences, designers struggle to develop layouts that adapt to different display configurations. To account for display at different device types, designers often use conventional adaptive layouts that adjust how digital content is displayed based on screen width. In these conventional adaptive layouts, designers manually define different layouts for different width ranges. For instance, a first layout presents digital content in a single column for narrow screens, a second layout presents digital content in two columns for medium screen widths, and a third layout presents digital content in three columns for wide screens. 
     These conventional layouts have been extended to website and email templates, with width breakpoints used to delineate between widths generally associated with desktop (e.g., wide), tablet (e.g., medium), and phone (e.g., narrow) displays. However, such conventional templates are limited to predefined arrangement of different content types and are unable to accommodate designers&#39; content that differs from a predefined template arrangement. 
     As an alternative to conventional adaptive layouts, digital content designers encode different versions of a document using code such as JavaScript, HyperText Markup Language (HTML), Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), and so forth. These conventional approaches cause a different version of a document to be produced by executing the code upon consumption of the document (e.g., upon display at a computing device). Although such coding approaches can accommodate additional display device sizes relative to conventional adaptive layouts, coding approaches are time-consuming and require significant development expertise, and fail to account for display characteristics beyond display size (e.g., screen width). 
     To address these conventional shortcomings, a responsive layout system is described that generates a single responsive document configured to present different layouts, combinations, and alternatives of structured digital content based on display characteristics of various computing devices at which the responsive document is displayed. To generate the responsive document, digital content is organized into a structure that defines how content is presented when the document is displayed at a computing device. Relationships are then defined among different digital content objects, such as groups of content objects to be presented together and content objects that are to be presented as alternatives of one another. Responsive patterns are then assigned to content objects grouped by a relationship, where each responsive pattern defines different layout configurations for displaying the grouped content objects based on computing device display characteristics. 
     To facilitate intuitive generation of the responsive document, the responsive layout system is configured to provide a user interface that includes controls for organizing digital content objects into a structure and defining relationships among different content objects. In some implementations, responsive patterns are recommended for a group based on the type(s) of digital content objects included in the group. The user interface is configured to output a preview of the responsive document&#39;s appearance when displayed using a certain combination of display characteristics, and further includes controls for defining the combination of display characteristics. In addition, the user interface includes controls for defining display characteristics and their associated activation ranges to trigger a responsive pattern, as well as controls for assigning one or more responsive patterns to digital content groups. The structured content and assigned responsive pattern(s) are then compiled and output as a single responsive document configured to adapt for display by a diverse range of computing devices with different display characteristics. 
     The responsive layout system thus generates responsive documents capable of responding to multiple factors, such as font size, font style, font spacing, device bandwidth, and other characteristics beyond a screen size that impact the document&#39;s visual appearance but remain unknown until document consumption. 
     In the following discussion, an example environment is described that is configured to employ the techniques described herein. Example procedures are also described that are configured for performance in the example environment as well as other environments. Consequently, performance of the example procedures is not limited to the example environment and the example environment is not limited to performance of the example procedures. 
     Example Environment 
       FIG.  1    is an illustration of a digital medium environment  100  in an example implementation that is operable to employ techniques described herein. As used herein, the term “digital medium environment” refers to the various computing devices and resources utilized to implement the techniques described herein. The digital medium environment  100  includes a computing device  102 , which is configurable in a variety of manners. 
     The computing device  102 , for instance, is configurable as a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a mobile device (e.g., assuming a handheld or wearable configuration such as a tablet, mobile phone, smartwatch, etc.), and so forth. Thus, the computing device  102  ranges from full resource devices with substantial memory and processor resources (e.g., personal computers, game consoles) to low-resource devices with limited memory and/or processing resources (e.g., mobile devices). Additionally, although a single computing device  102  is shown, the computing device  102  is representative of a plurality of different devices, such as multiple servers utilized by a business to perform operations “over the cloud.” 
     The computing device  102  is illustrated as including a responsive layout system  104 . The responsive layout system  104  is representative of functionality of the computing device  102  to generate a responsive document  106 . The responsive document  106  is representative of a structure of digital content  108 , such as a plurality of digital objects (e.g., text, images, videos, and so forth) configured for display as a website, an application interface, and so forth. The digital content  108  is thus representative of a plurality of diverse types of digital content objects configured for display as part of a document, such as images, blocks of text, videos, graphics, diagrams, charts, screenshots, and the like. Although described herein in the context of specific examples of digital content  108 , the specific examples do not exhaustively describe all possible instances and digital content  108  is representative of any visual aspect included in an electronic document. In some implementations, the digital content  108  is maintained in storage  110  of the computing device  102 . Alternatively or additionally, the digital content  108  is maintained in storage of a different computing device connected to the computing device  102  via network  112 . 
     The responsive layout system  104  is configured to organize digital content  108  to be included in the responsive document  106  into a structure that defines one or more groups that include at least one digital content object. In some implementations, the responsive layout system  104  facilitates organization of digital content  108  via a user interface that includes tools enabling a digital content designer to designate groups of digital content objects and relationships between diverse groups, as described in further detail below. As part of generating the responsive document  106 , the responsive layout system  104  is configured to assign one or more responsive patterns to individual groups of digital content  108 . Each responsive pattern defines a plurality of layout configurations for displaying digital content included in the group to which the responsive pattern is assigned, where a particular one of the layout configurations is presented depending on display characteristics of a computing device displaying the responsive document  106 . 
     For instance, the illustrated example of  FIG.  1    depicts three different computing devices  114 ,  116 , and  118  displaying the responsive document  106 . In the illustrated example, display characteristics for each of the computing devices  114 ,  116 , and  118  are different from one another. For instance, the computing devices  114 ,  116 , and  118  have different screen sizes, different resolutions, different bandwidth connections to the network  112 , different text display settings (e.g., size, spacing, magnification, default font), and so forth, relative to one another. By assigning responsive pattens to distinct groups of digital content  108 , the responsive layout system  104  causes the computing devices  114 ,  116 , and  118  to display the responsive document  106  differently, based on the specific display characteristics of the respective computing device. 
     To further customize a manner in which the responsive document  106  is displayed by different combinations of computing device display characteristics, the responsive layout system  104  is configured to assign different responsive patterns to a single group of digital content  108 . The responsive layout system  104  is then configured to designate a range of values for one or more of the computing device display characteristics for activating each of the responsive patterns. In this manner, when the responsive document  106  is output by a computing device having display characteristics that fall within an activation range for a first responsive pattern, grouped digital content  108  is displayed according to the first responsive pattern. Conversely, when the responsive document  106  is output by a computing device having display characteristics that fall within an activation range for a second responsive pattern, the grouped digital content  108  is displayed according to the second responsive pattern. In some implementations, different responsive patterns include overlapping activation ranges for one or more computing device display characteristics. To account for such overlapping activation ranges, the responsive layout system prioritizes responsive patterns, such that a prioritized responsive pattern takes precedence over other responsive patterns assigned to a particular group of digital content  108 . 
     In the context of the illustrated example, assume that computing devices  114  and  116  are each associated with a display characteristic that specifies text should be output at 100% magnification while computing device  118  is associated with a display characteristic that specifies text should be output at 125% magnification. Further in the context of the illustrated example of  FIG.  1   , assume that the responsive document  106  includes a parent group of digital content  108 , where the parent group includes three child groups, and each child group includes an image and a text caption for the image. 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  1   , the responsive layout system  104  generates the responsive document  106  by assigning a first responsive pattern to the parent group that displays content in columns and designates the first responsive pattern as a default for any combination of display characteristics. Under the first responsive pattern, content is displayed in a number of columns that are determined based on a size of a hardware display (e.g., a screen) of the computing device. The responsive layout system  104  further generates the responsive document  106  by assigning a second responsive pattern to the parent group that displays content in a carousel format, where a number of carousel panes displayed in a given layout are determined based on a size of the hardware display. To define when the second responsive pattern is to be displayed instead of the first responsive pattern, the responsive layout system  104  designates an activation range of 120% text magnification or greater for the second responsive pattern. 
     Constrained by these example responsive patterns and associated display characteristic activation ranges, computing device  114  is illustrated as displaying the responsive document  106  as a single column navigable via vertical scrolling inputs, computing device displays the responsive document  106  in two columns navigable via vertical scrolling inputs, and computing device  118  displays the responsive document  106  as a carousel that outputs child groups of digital content as a full-screen view, navigable via horizontal scrolling motions or navigation icons. In the illustrated example, computing devices  114  and  116  both display the responsive document  106  in respective layouts defined by the first responsive pattern due to having text magnification display characteristics that do not activate the second responsive pattern. Conversely, by virtue of having a text magnification display characteristic greater than 120%, the computing device  118  displays digital content  108  of the responsive document  106  using the second responsive pattern. 
     The responsive layout system  104  is thus configured to organize digital content  108  into a structure that separates digital content  108  semantics from the responsive behavior that defines how the digital content  108  is displayed as part of the responsive document  106 . Further, the responsive layout system  104  is configured to granularly define specific computing device display characteristics that activate different responsive patterns used to display groups of digital content  108  when displayed as part of the responsive document  106 . To enable intuitive generation of the responsive document  106 , the responsive layout system  104  provides contextual previews of different responsive patterns that will be displayed according to defined combinations of display characteristics, providing controls that enable a user to define the combinations of display characteristics as preview settings and define activation ranges for individual responsive patterns. The resulting responsive document  106  thus defines a rich range of layouts and alternatives of digital content  108  for presentation based on various combinations of display characteristics constrained by computing device hardware, user-defined settings, or combinations thereof. 
     Having considered an example digital medium environment, consider now a discussion of an example system useable to generate a responsive document in accordance with the techniques described herein. 
     Responsive Document Layout System 
       FIG.  2    depicts a digital medium environment  200  in an example implementation showing operation of the responsive layout system  104  generating a responsive document  106  in greater detail. 
       FIG.  3    depicts a digital medium environment  300  in an example implementation of a structured document representation used by the responsive layout system  104  to generate a responsive document  106 . 
       FIG.  4    depicts a digital medium environment  400  in an example implementation of a canvas that includes unstructured digital content objects presented as part of a user interface for the responsive layout system  104 . 
       FIG.  5    depicts a digital medium environment  500  in an example implementation of a canvas that includes digital content objects organized in a structure by the responsive layout system  104 . 
       FIGS.  6 - 12    depict digital medium environments  600 ,  700 ,  800 ,  900 ,  1000 ,  1100 , and  1200  in example implementations of user interfaces for the responsive layout system  104 . 
       FIG.  13    depicts a digital medium environment  1300  in an example implementation of a structured document representation for a responsive document  106  with responsive patterns assigned to digital content groups. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  2   , the responsive layout system  104  receives digital content  108  to be included in the responsive document  106 . The digital content  108  is provided to a structure module  202 , which is configured to organize the digital content  108  into a content structure  204 . The content structure  204  includes at least one node  206 , which includes one or more content objects  208 . Each of the one or more content objects  208  is representative of an instance of the digital content  108 , such as an image, a block of text, a video, and so forth. 
     The structure module  202  is further configured to define one or more node relationships  210  for nodes  206  included in the content structure  204 . The node relationships  210  include one or more node groups  212 , which each define a hierarchical relationship for a group of nodes  206  (e.g., sibling nodes, parent/child nodes, and so forth). Alternatively or additionally, the node relationships  210  include one or more node alternatives  214 , which specify nodes  206  that are to be output as alternatives of one another when displaying the responsive document  106 , based on display characteristics of a computing device outputting the responsive document  106 . 
     To facilitate organizing the digital content  108  into the content structure  204 , the structure module  202  is configured to output one or more user interfaces that provide controls for organizing content objects  208  into nodes  206 , provide controls defining node relationships  210 , and depict a representation of the content structure  204  for the responsive document  106 . For instance,  FIG.  3    illustrates an example representation of a content structure  204  for the responsive document  106  in accordance with one or more implementations. In some implementations, the content structure  204  depicted in  FIG.  3    is displayed via a user interface of the responsive layout system  104  during creation of the content structure  204 , thereby enabling a user of the responsive layout system  104  to define a semantic structure of digital content  108  in the responsive document  106 . 
     The example content structure  204  begins with a blank canvas  302 , which is configured to receive instances of digital content  108  for inclusion in the responsive document  106 . In some implementations, the canvas  302  is displayed as a user interface of the responsive layout system  104 , such that digital content  108  input to (e.g., dragged and dropped, inserted, etc.) the canvas  302  is designated for inclusion in the responsive document  106 .  FIG.  4    depicts an example of displaying the canvas  302  in a user interface  402 , where digital content objects  404 ,  406 ,  408 ,  410 ,  412 , and  414  have been inserted for inclusion as part of the responsive document  106 . 
     Once added to the canvas  302 , different content objects  208  are associated with one another to define various nodes  206  and node relationships  210  of the content structure  204 . The structure module  202  is configured to enable association of content objects  208  and nodes  206  in a variety of manners. For instance, with respect to  FIG.  4   , content objects  404  and  406  are associated with one another in response to user input selecting content object  406  and “dragging and dropping” content object  406  onto content object  408  to create a node  206  that includes content objects  404  and  406 . 
     As another example, content objects  408  and  410  are grouped via a region selection (e.g., using a lasso tool) and grouped via selection of a grouping control included in the user interface  402  (not depicted) to create a node  206  that includes content objects  408  and  410 . As yet another example, content objects  412  and  414  grouped in response to being placed within a threshold proximity to one another in the canvas  302  to create a node  206  that includes content objects  412  and  414 . These example tools for grouping content objects  208  are not exhaustive, and the structure module  202  is configured to facilitate grouping content objects  208  using any suitable technique. 
     In response to detecting a grouping of content objects  208 , the structure module  202  updates the canvas  302  and underlying content structure  204  for the responsive document  106 . For instance,  FIG.  5    depicts an example instance of the canvas  302  displayed in a user interface  502  of the responsive layout system  104  in response to organizing the example content objects  404 ,  406 ,  408 ,  410 ,  412 , and  414  from  FIG.  4    into a content structure  204 . Specifically, the illustrated example of  FIG.  5    depicts a content structure  504  that includes content objects  404  and  406  assigned to a first node, content objects  408  and  410  assigned to a second node, and content objects  412  and  414  assigned to a third node. By virtue of their simultaneous display in the content structure  504 , the illustrated example of  FIG.  5    represents a content structure  204  with node relationships  210  specifying that the first, second, and third nodes are siblings to be presented contiguously during display of the responsive document  106 . 
     Returning to  FIG.  3   , the structure module  202  is configured to update the content structure  204  to reflect additions of content objects  208  to, or deletion from, the canvas  302 , as well as reflect groupings of content objects  208  into nodes  206  and relationships among the nodes  206 . For instance, in the illustrated example of  FIG.  3   , group  304  includes node  306  and its assigned content object  308  (e.g., content object  404 ) as well as node  310  and its assigned content object  312  (e.g., content object  406 ). Although illustrated as including only one or two nodes for simplicity, a node group  212  is configured to include any number of nodes  206 . 
     Group  304  is defined by a node relationship  210  as being part of a node group  212  with group  314 , where group  304  and group  314  are sibling groups disposed at a same hierarchical level with one another. In this manner, the node relationship  210  relating group  304  and group  314  specifies digital content  108  assigned to the respective groups for presentation together during display of the responsive document  106 . Group  314  is depicted as including node  316  and its assigned content object  318 , as well as alternative node  320 . In the illustrated example of  FIG.  3   , group  314  and alternative node  320  are defined as being part of a node group  212 , such that the alternative node  320  is a child of group  314 , indicating that a display of digital content  108  assigned to alternative node  320  is dependent on an active display of group  314  in the responsive document  106 . 
     Alternative node  320  is depicted as including group  322  and group  324 . As represented by the dashed lines connecting groups  322  and  324  to alternative node  320 , groups  322  and  324  are defined by a node relationship  210  as being node alternatives  214  to one another, such that digital content of only one node group (e.g., group  322  or group  324 ) is output at a given time during display of the responsive document  106 . In implementations where a node relationship  210  defines one or more node alternatives  214 , a determination of which node alternative to be output is determined via a responsive pattern assignment, as described in further detail below. 
     For instance, in the illustrated example of  FIG.  3   , group  322  includes node  326  and its assigned content object  328  as well as node  330  and its assigned content object  332 . In contrast, group  324  includes node  334  with its assigned content object  328  as well as node  336  with its assigned content object  338 . Thus, outputting digital content represented by alternative node  320  during display of the responsive document  106 , involves either displaying content object  328  and content object  332  or displaying content object  328  and content object  338 . The display of these content objects associated with group  322  or group  324  is determined by the display characteristics of the computing device displaying the responsive document  106 , as constrained by node relationships  210  and responsive patterns assigned to nodes  206  of the content structure  204 . 
     The structure module  202  is thus configured to first organize digital content  108  into a data structure that separates content semantics from a responsive behavior that defines how the digital content  108  is presented as part of the responsive document  106 . In doing so, the structure module  202  is configured to output user interfaces that clearly display an organization of the structured digital content and provide tools for defining the structure thereof. After organizing the digital content  108  into the content structure  204 , the structure module  202  provides the content structure  204  to a pattern module  216 . 
     The pattern module  216  is representative of functionality of the responsive layout system  104  to designate one or more pattern assignments  218  to one or more nodes  206  in the content structure  204 . The pattern assignments  218  dictate a manner in which the content objects  208  of a node  206  are displayed during output of the responsive document  106 , based on display characteristics of a computing device outputting the responsive document  106 . 
     To do so, the pattern module  216  assigns a responsive pattern  220  to each node  206  in the content structure  204 . As described herein, a responsive pattern  220  is representative of a plurality of layout configurations for displaying content objects  208  of a node  206  based on display characteristics of a computing device outputting the responsive document  106 . The plurality of layout configurations for a responsive pattern  220  is represented in  FIG.  2    by pattern parameters  222 . As an example, a responsive pattern  220  defines a plurality of header-body layouts for displaying digital content that includes a content object  208  as a header relative to other content objects  208  in a node  206  that are displayed as part of a body below the header (e.g., header and body text objects). Various header-body layouts defined by pattern parameters  222  for such an example responsive pattern  220  dictate various font sizes for the header, various font sizes for the body, various padding values between the header and the body, and so forth. 
     As another example, a responsive pattern  220  defines a plurality of two-object list layouts for displaying two content objects  208  of a node  206  in parallel. Various two-object list layouts defined by pattern parameters  222  for such an example responsive pattern  220  dictate an orientation of the two content objects  208  relative to one another (e.g., horizontal or vertical alignment) relative sizes of the two content objects  208 , spacing between the two content objects  208 , and so forth. 
     As yet another example, a responsive pattern  220  includes pattern parameters  222  defining a plurality of main-sidebar layouts for displaying a main content object  208  relative to a sidebar that includes one or more different content objects  208  (e.g., content objects  208  displayed as part of a toolbar or as supplementary information to the main content object). Another example includes pattern parameters  222  for a responsive pattern  220  that define a plurality of image-text layouts for displaying an image content object  208  relative to a text content object  208 . As another example, a responsive pattern  220  defines a plurality of grid layouts for displaying multiple content objects  208  in similar sizes and parallel relations, with pattern parameters  222  defining layouts differing based on content object size, spacing, grid dimensions, and so forth. 
     Another example of a responsive pattern  220  is one that includes a plurality of carousel layouts for displaying a subset of content objects  208  assigned to a node  206 . For such an example carousel layout responsive pattern, pattern parameters  222  define a different number of content objects  208  to display at a given time, a different number of content objects to scroll during navigation of the carousel, and so forth. Another possible responsive pattern  220  includes a plurality of flow layouts for displaying content objects  208  in a top-down, left-right read order, where different layouts defined by corresponding pattern parameters  222  present content objects  208  using different numbers and sizes of rows and columns, and so forth. 
     When output by a computing device (e.g., computing device  114 ,  116 , or  118 ), a particular layout for a responsive pattern  220  as defined by the pattern parameters  222  is selected based on at least one responsive factor  224  attributable to the computing device. A responsive factor  224  represents a computing device display characteristic that impacts a visual appearance of the responsive document  106 . For example, in some implementations a responsive factor  224  is a size (e.g., width, height, etc.) of a display device used by the computing device to output the responsive document  106 . As another example, a responsive factor  224  is an orientation of the display device used by the computing device to output the responsive document (e.g., information describing whether a mobile device is currently disposed in a horizontal or vertical orientation). As yet another example, a responsive factor  224  is a user-defined preference specifying a font size (e.g., a font magnification value) to be used when displaying the responsive document  106 . Further examples of responsive factors  224  include device bandwidth (e.g., current network connection speed), device display resolution, and so forth. In this manner, a responsive factor  224  represents any computing device display characteristic defined by one or more hardware components, one or more user-designated settings, or combinations thereof, of a computing device outputting the responsive document  106 . 
     In implementations, the specific responsive factors  224  attributable to a computing device (e.g., computing device  114 ,  116 , or  116 ) impact which layout of a responsive pattern  220  as specified by the pattern parameters  222  is used to display content objects  208  of a node  206  to which the responsive pattern  220  is assigned. 
     For instance, in an example implementation where a responsive pattern  220  includes a plurality of layouts for displaying content objects  208  in columns, a responsive factor  224  for the responsive pattern  220  is a font magnification value. In this example, the responsive pattern  220  outputs the content objects  208  for a node  206  in a different number of columns based on a font size associated with a computing device displaying the responsive document  106  (e.g., additional columns for smaller font magnification values and fewer columns for larger font magnification values). In some implementations, an individual responsive pattern  220  is associated with multiple responsive factors  224 , such that the responsive pattern is configured to adapt a layout display of digital content to accommodate different display characteristics associated with a computing device displaying the digital content. 
     These example responsive patterns and their associated pattern parameters do not exhaustively describe the possible types of responsive patterns  220  and pattern parameters  222  included in the pattern assignments  218 . Rather, the described responsive patterns  220  and their associated pattern parameters  222  are merely representative of possible responsive patterns  220  and pattern parameters  222  assignable by the pattern module  216  to one or more nodes  206  of the content structure  204 . In this manner, the pattern module  216  is representative of functionality of the responsive layout system  104  to assign a variety of layouts that define how a structure of semantic content will be displayed when output by computing devices having different display characteristics. 
     In some implementations, the pattern module  216  is configured to output a recommendation of a responsive pattern  220  for assignment to a node  206  based on the content object(s)  208  included in the node  206 . Alternatively or additionally, the pattern module  216  is configured to output a recommendation of a responsive pattern  220  for assignment to a node  206  based on a relationship of the node  206  to one or more different nodes. For instance, in response to detecting that a node  206  includes a text content object  208  and an image content object  208 , the pattern module  216  is configured to output a recommendation that responsive pattern  220  defining a plurality of text-image layouts be assigned to the node  206 . In some implementations, the pattern module  216  identifies that the content objects  208  of a given node  206  are suitable for organization by a plurality of different responsive patterns  220  and outputs a recommendation of the plurality of different responsive patterns  220  via a user interface of the responsive layout system  104 . In such implementations, user input at the user interface selecting a recommended responsive pattern  220  causes the pattern module  216  to assign the selected responsive pattern  220  to a node  206  for which the responsive pattern  220  was recommended. Alternatively or additionally, in some implementations the pattern module  216  is configured to automatically (e.g., independent of user input) assign a responsive pattern  220  to one or more nodes  206  in the content structure  204 . 
     To assist a user of the responsive layout system  104  in selecting an appropriate responsive pattern  220  for assignment to a given node  206 , the pattern module  216  is configured to output a preview of the pattern assignments  218  in a user interface of the responsive layout system  104 . For instance,  FIG.  6    illustrates an example of a user interface  602  that displays a preview of a resulting appearance for a node  206  when assigned a responsive pattern  220 . In the illustrated example, the user interface  602  includes a content preview portion  604 . The content preview portion  604  is configured to display one or more content objects  208  of a node  206  to which the responsive pattern  220  is being considered for assignment. In the illustrated example of  FIG.  6   , the content preview portion  604  displays two text content objects: content object  606  and content object  608 . 
     The user interface  602  is further configured to include a canvas preview portion  610 . The canvas preview portion  610  includes one or more controls  612  that are selectable via user input to define preview settings for one or more computing device display characteristics. The preview settings for one or more computing device display characteristics are useable to mimic display characteristics of a computing device outputting the responsive document  106 . The user interface  602  is configured to update the content preview portion  604  to display the content objects  606  and  608  as they would be output by a computing device having the same display characteristics as the preview settings. 
     For instance, in the illustrated example of  FIG.  6   , the canvas preview portion  610  includes a control  612 ( 1 ) that is useable to define a width display characteristic, which is representative of a width in pixels of a display device used to output the responsive document  106 . The canvas preview portion  610  further includes a control  612 ( 2 ) that is useable to define a font size associated with a computing device outputting the responsive document  106  (e.g., relative to a default font size of 100%). The canvas preview portion  610  further includes a control  612 ( 3 ) that is useable to define a line height value associated with the computing device outputting the responsive document  106  (e.g., relative to a default line height value of 100%). Finally, the canvas preview portion  610  includes a control  612 ( n ) that is useable to define a text magnification value associated with the computing device outputting the responsive document  106  (e.g., relative to a default font magnification value of 100%). 
     The one or more controls  612  are thus configured to define preview settings for computing device display characteristics defined by hardware components outputting the responsive document  106 , computing device display characteristics defined by user-designated settings at a computing device outputting the responsive document  106 , or combinations thereof. Input adjusting the value of one or more of the one or more controls  612  causes the content preview portion  604  to update its display of content objects  208  to mimic a manner in which a computing device associated with the preview settings would display the content objects  208 . In this manner, a user of the responsive layout system  104  is readily informed as to how a responsive pattern  220  will impact a display of a node&#39;s  206  content objects  208  across a range of different display characteristics. Although only four controls  612  are depicted in the illustrated example of  FIG.  6   , the canvas preview portion  610  is configured to include any number of different controls  612  and n represents any integer. 
     The user interface  602  further includes a responsive pattern control portion  614 . The responsive pattern control portion  614  includes an indication  616  of the responsive pattern  220  that influences display of content objects  208  depicted in the content preview portion  604 . For instance, in the illustrated example of  FIG.  6   , the indication  616  notes that a “twoTextList” responsive pattern  220  is being considered for assignment to a node  206  including content objects  606  and  608 . The responsive pattern control portion  614  further includes a plurality of controls  618  for selecting from possible pattern parameters  222  for the responsive pattern  220 . 
     For instance, the responsive pattern control portion  614  includes a control  618 ( 1 ) that is useable to define a font size for presenting text content using the responsive pattern  220  described by indication  616 . The responsive pattern control portion  614  further includes a control  618 ( 2 ) that is useable to define an orientation of the content objects  606  and  608  relative to one another when presented using the responsive pattern  220  described by indication  616 . Although depicted as including two controls  618  for selecting from possible pattern parameters  222  to be used for a responsive pattern  220  when displayed by a computing device having display characteristics defined by controls of the canvas preview portion  610 , the responsive pattern control portion  614  is configured to include any number of controls  618 . For instance, in some implementations the responsive pattern control portion  614  is configured to include a control  618  for each pattern parameter  222  associated with the responsive pattern  220  identified by indication  616 . 
     In addition to including controls for defining how content is displayed by the responsive pattern  220 , the responsive pattern control portion  614  includes one or more controls  620  that enable a user of the responsive layout system  104  to define a scope of responsive factors  224  that activate the responsive pattern  220 . The scope of values for a responsive factor  224  that triggers activation of the responsive pattern  220  is represented as the activation range  226  in the illustrated example of  FIG.  2   . Each activation range  226  represents a range of values for the corresponding responsive factor  224 . In this manner, when a computing device having a responsive factor  224  encompassed by the activation range  226  outputs the responsive document  106 , the responsive pattern  220  is used to display content objects  208  included in nodes  206  to which the responsive pattern  220  is assigned. 
     For instance, in the illustrated example of  FIG.  6   , the responsive pattern control portion  614  includes a control  620 ( 1 ) that specifies an activation range  226  of 300 to 1350 pixels for a responsive factor  224  corresponding to a display width associated with a computing device outputting the responsive document  106 . The responsive pattern control portion  614  further includes a control  620 ( 2 ) that specifies an activation range  226  of 100% to 200% of a font size responsive factor  224  associated with the computing device outputting the responsive document  106 . 
     The responsive pattern control portion  614  further includes a control  620 ( 3 ) that specifies an activation range  226  of 100% to 200% of a line height responsive factor  224  associated with the computing device outputting the responsive document  106 . The responsive pattern control portion  614  is finally depicted as including a control  620 ( m ) that specifies an activation range  226  of 0% to 100% of a font magnification responsive factor  224  associated with the computing device outputting the responsive document  106 . Although four controls  620  are depicted in the illustrated example of  FIG.  6   , the responsive pattern control portion  614  is configured to include any number of different controls  620  and m represents any integer. 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  6   , the controls  620  specify that, for any computing device having display characteristics specifying a display width between 300 and 1350 pixels, a default font size between 100% and 200%, a line height between 100% and 200%, and a text magnification between 0% and 100%, the content objects  606  and  608  are to be output for display in the responsive pattern  220  identified by indication  616  with a font size of 18 and in a horizontal orientation to one another. Because the preview settings defined by the controls  612  specify display characteristics that are encompassed by the respective responsive factor activation ranges defined by controls  620 , the content preview portion  604  displays the content objects  606  and  608  in the responsive pattern  220  identified by indication  616  with a font size of 18 and in a horizontal orientation to one another. 
     By adjusting a value of the one or more controls  612 , a user of the responsive layout system  104  is able to preview a layout associated with a responsive pattern  220  for a defined set of computing device display characteristics. For instance,  FIG.  7    depicts an example implementation of the user interface  602  where user modifies a position of the control  612 ( 1 ) from its position as depicted in  FIG.  6    to position  702 . As depicted in the illustrated example of  FIG.  7   , the input adjusting control  612 ( 1 ) to position  702  adjusts a preview setting for a width display characteristic from 540 pixels to 879 pixels. Because the modified width display characteristic of 879 pixels remains encompassed by the activation range of 300 to 1350 pixels as specified by control  620 ( 1 ), the responsive pattern  220  described by indication  616  remains activated by the preview settings selected in  FIG.  7   . 
     The content preview portion  604  is thus updated to display a layout of content objects  208  included in a node  206  to which the responsive pattern  220  is applied, as output by a computing device having display characteristics defined by the preview settings in canvas preview portion  610 . For instance, in  FIG.  7    the content objects  606  and  608  are displayed in a wider region of the content preview portion  604  relative to their corresponding depictions in  FIG.  6   . This specific example enables a user of the responsive layout system  104  to ascertain how a responsive pattern  220  will affect the visual appearance of content objects  606  and  608  when output by display devices having respective widths of 540 pixels and 879 pixels, prior to assigning the specific responsive pattern  220  to a node  206 . 
     In a comparable manner, the pattern module  216  enables a user of the responsive layout system  104  to preview how a different responsive pattern  220  will affect a display of digital content. For instance,  FIG.  8    depicts an instance of an example implementation where the user interface of  FIG.  7    is modified to reflect a preview of a different responsive pattern  220  assigned to content objects  606  and  608 . In the illustrated example of  FIG.  8   , the content preview portion  604  is updated to depict a “headerBody” responsive pattern  220  applied to content objects  606  and  608 , where content object  606  is designated as a header relative to a body designation of content object  608 . This application of a different responsive pattern than previewed in the illustrated examples of  FIGS.  6  and  7    is represented by indication  802 , which denotes an active preview of the “headerBody” responsive pattern  220 . While the preview settings denoted by the one or more controls  612  of canvas preview portion  610  remain unchanged from the illustrated example of  FIG.  7   , controls of the responsive pattern control portion  614  are updated to correspond to the “headerBody” responsive pattern  220 . 
     For instance, in the illustrated example of  FIG.  8   , the responsive pattern control portion  614  is updated to include control  804  and controls  806 ( 1 )- 806 ( m ). Control  804  is useable to select from a plurality of possible pattern parameters  222  for the “headerBody” responsive pattern  220  that define a font size ratio of the header portion to a body portion of the responsive pattern  220 . The responsive pattern control portion  614  further includes  806 ( 1 )- 806 ( m ) that are useable to define activation ranges  226  of respective responsive factors  224  for triggering activation of the headerBody responsive pattern  220 . 
     Specifically, in the illustrated example of  FIG.  8   , the responsive pattern control portion  614  includes a control  806 ( 1 ) that specifies an activation range  226  of 300 to 1350 pixels for a responsive factor  224  corresponding to a display width associated with a computing device outputting the responsive document  106 . The responsive pattern control portion  614  further includes a control  806 ( 2 ) that specifies an activation range  226  of 100% to 200% of a font size responsive factor  224  associated with the computing device outputting the responsive document  106 . 
     The responsive pattern control portion  614  further includes a control  806 ( 3 ) that specifies an activation range  226  of 100% to 200% of a line height responsive factor  224  associated with the computing device outputting the responsive document  106 . The responsive pattern control portion  614  is finally depicted as including a control  806 ( m ) that specifies an activation range  226  of 0% to 100% of a font magnification responsive factor  224  associated with the computing device outputting the responsive document  106 . 
       FIG.  9    depicts an instance of an example implementation where the user interface of  FIG.  8    is modified to reflect a preview of a different responsive pattern  220  assigned to content objects  606  and  608 . In the illustrated example of  FIG.  9   , the content preview portion  604  is updated to depict a “mainSidebar” responsive pattern  220  applied to content objects  606  and  608 , where content object  606  is depicted in a main portion of a user interface and content object  608  is depicted as a sidebar of the main portion. This application of a different responsive pattern than those previewed in the illustrated examples of  FIGS.  6 - 8    is represented by indication  902 , which denotes an active preview of the “mainSidebar” responsive pattern  220 . Preview settings denoted by the one or more controls  612  of canvas preview portion  610  remain unchanged from the illustrated examples of  FIGS.  7  and  8   , while controls of the responsive pattern control portion  614  are updated based on the “mainSidebar” responsive pattern  220 . 
     For instance, in the illustrated example of  FIG.  9   , the responsive pattern control portion  614  is updated to include controls  904 ( 1 ) and  904 ( 2 ). Control  904 ( 1 ) is useable to define a font size pattern parameter  222  for displaying the content objects  606  and  608  using the “mainSidebar” responsive pattern  220 . Control  904 ( 2 ) is useable to define a pattern parameter  222  that specifies a main text width ratio of the main portion to the sidebar portion for the “mainSidebar” responsive pattern  220 . In addition to including controls for defining how content is displayed by the responsive pattern  220 , the responsive pattern control portion  614  includes controls for defining an activation range  226  of values for individual responsive factors  224  that trigger activation of the responsive pattern  220 . 
     For instance, in the illustrated example of  FIG.  9   , the responsive pattern control portion  614  includes controls  906 ( 1 )- 906 ( m ). Control  906 ( 1 ) specifies an activation range  226  of 300 to 1350 pixels for a responsive factor  224  corresponding to a display width associated with a computing device outputting the responsive document  106 . Control  906 ( 2 ) that specifies an activation range  226  of 100% to 200% for a font size responsive factor  224  associated with the computing device outputting the responsive document  106 . Control  906 ( 3 ) specifies an activation range  226  of 100% to 200% of a line height responsive factor  224  associated with the computing device outputting the responsive document  106 . Control  906 ( m ) specifies an activation range  226  of 0% to 100% of a font magnification responsive factor  224  associated with the computing device outputting the responsive document  106 . 
     Thus, as depicted by the illustrated examples of  FIGS.  6 - 9   , the responsive pattern control portion  614  is updated based on an actively previewed responsive pattern  220  to include controls that are useable to designate pattern parameters  222  for a responsive pattern  220 . The responsive pattern control portion  614  further includes controls that are useable to designate activation ranges  226  for responsive factors  224  that trigger use of the responsive pattern  220  when outputting the responsive document  106 . By providing controls that enable designating activation ranges  226  for one or more responsive factors  224 , the pattern module  216  is further configured to assign multiple different responsive patterns  220  to one or more nodes  206 . 
     For instance,  FIG.  10    depicts an example implementation of a user interface of the responsive layout system  104  when multiple responsive patterns  220  are assigned to nodes  206  linked via a node alternative  214  relationship. For instance, the illustrated example of  FIG.  10    represents a user interface output by the responsive layout system  104  in an example implementation of assigning two responsive patterns to content objects linked by an alternative node, such as alternative node  320 . In this example with respect to alternative node  320 , one of the two responsive patterns specifies content objects associated with group  322  for output, while the other of the two responsive patterns specifies content objects associated with group  324  for output. As described in further detail below, controls of the responsive pattern control portion  614  enable a user of the responsive layout system  104  to define how different computing device display characteristics affect whether the content objects of group  322  or the content objects of group  324  are displayed during output of the responsive document  106 . 
     In the illustrated example of  FIG.  10   , the content preview portion  604  depicts an image content object  1002  and a text content object  1004 . With respect to the example node alternative relationship depicted in  FIG.  3   , the image content object  1002  is representative of content object  328  included in node  326  and the text content object  1004  is representative of content object  332  included in node  330 . The responsive pattern control portion  614  is updated to note that multiple responsive patterns are assigned to content objects associated with the alternative node  320 , with indication  1006  representing an “original” responsive pattern  220  and indication  1008  representing an “alternative-1” responsive pattern  220 . In the illustrated example, indication  1006  is visually distinguished from indication  1008  (e.g., via shading) to denote that the content depicted in content preview portion  604  is being output using one of the layouts defined by the “original” responsive pattern  220 . With continued respect to the example node alternative relationship depicted in  FIG.  3    where the image content object  1002  and the text content object  1004  represent content objects  328  and  332 , indication  1006  indicates that triggering the “original” responsive pattern causes output of group  322  when displaying the responsive document  106 . 
     Input at the responsive pattern control portion  614  is useable to designate which of the multiple responsive patterns  220  (e.g., which of the “original” or “alternative-1” responsive patterns) governs display of content objects in the content group to which the multiple responsive patterns  220  are assigned. For instance, in the illustrated example of  FIG.  10   , control  1010  specifies an activation range  226  of 0% to 100% of a font magnification responsive factor  224  associated with the computing device outputting the responsive document  106 . The corresponding control  1012  in the canvas preview portion  610  indicates a font magnification display characteristic value of 31% to be used in previewing the multiple responsive patterns, which is encompassed by the activation range specified by control  1010 . Because all other preview settings noted by controls of the canvas preview portion  610  are encompassed by the respective activation ranges  226  of corresponding responsive factors  224  for the “original” responsive pattern, the content preview portion  604  displays the image content object  1002  and text content object  1004  according to the “original” responsive pattern. 
       FIG.  11    depicts an example implementation where the preview settings of the responsive pattern control portion  614  are modified to trigger activation of the “alternative-1” responsive pattern of indication  1008  instead of the “original” responsive pattern of indication  1006 . In the illustrated example of  FIG.  11   , the content preview portion  604  is updated to display the image content object  1002  and a text content object  1102  instead of the image content object  1002  and the text content object  1004 . With continued respect to the example node alternative relationship depicted in  FIG.  3   , the text content object  1102  is thus representative of content object  338  included in node  336 , and the indication  1008  shows that triggering the “alternative-1” responsive pattern causes output of the group  324  instead of the group  322  when displaying the responsive document  106 . 
     As noted in the responsive pattern control portion  614  of  FIG.  11   , the “alternative-1” responsive pattern is associated with a different activation range  226  for a font magnification responsive factor  224 . As indicated by control  1104 , the font magnification responsive factor  224  is associated with an activation range  226  of 53% to 100%. Because the corresponding control  1012  in  FIG.  10    designates a preview setting of a 31% font magnification display characteristic, which is not encompassed by the activation range  226  of 53% to 100% for the “alternative-1” responsive pattern, the preview settings of  FIG.  10    does not activate display of an “alternative-1” responsive pattern layout in the content preview portion  604 . Conversely, because the corresponding control  1106  in  FIG.  11    designates a preview setting of a 100% font magnification display characteristic, which is encompassed by the activation range  226  of 53% to 100% for the “alternative-1” responsive pattern, the preview settings of  FIG.  11    activate display of an “alternative-1” responsive pattern layout in the content preview portion  604 . 
     With continued respect to the example node alternative relationship depicted in  FIG.  3   , with the “original” responsive pattern causing output of group  322  and the “alternative-1” responsive pattern causing output of group  324 , the content preview portions  604  of  FIGS.  10  and  11    provide a visual preview of how content objects associated with alternative node  320  are displayed during output of the responsive document  106  based on display characteristics of different computing devices. 
     To account for scenarios where computing device display characteristics trigger (e.g., satisfy an activation range  226  for one or more responsive factors  224 ) multiple responsive patterns  220 , the pattern module  216  designates a pattern priority  228  for each responsive pattern  220  assigned to a node  206 . For instance, upon assignment of a first responsive pattern  220  to a node  206 , the pattern module  216  designates an index value of one for the first responsive pattern  220 . Upon assignment of additional responsive patterns  220  to the node  206 , the pattern module  216  designates incrementally increasing index values (e.g., two for the second responsive pattern  220 , three for the third responsive pattern  220 , and so forth). 
     By assigning a pattern priority  228  to each responsive pattern  220 , the pattern module  216  resolves ambiguities as to which of a plurality of responsive patterns  220  assigned to a single node  206  in the pattern assignments  218  is activated when display characteristics satisfy activation ranges for multiple ones of the plurality of responsive patterns. For instance, in the illustrated example of  FIG.  11   , control  1106  specifies a preview setting of a 100% font magnification display characteristic, which is encompassed by the activation range  226  of 53% to 100% for the “alternative-1” responsive pattern as well as the activation range of 0% to 100% for the “original” responsive pattern. Due to being assigned a higher pattern priority  228 , the “alternative-1” responsive pattern  220  is displayed by the content preview portion  604  instead of the “original” responsive pattern  220 , thus indicating which of multiple responsive patterns  220  will be displayed when computing device display characteristics trigger two or more of the multiple responsive patterns  220 . 
     To facilitate intuitive assignment and prioritization of various responsive patterns  220 , the pattern module  216  is configured to provide user interface tools that recommend responsive patterns  220  appropriate for types of content objects  208 . In implementations, responsive pattern recommendations are provided together with user interface tools that enable prioritization of multiple responsive patterns  220  assigned to a single node  206  and define visual aspects of, and responsive factor activation ranges for, individual ones of the multiple responsive patterns. 
       FIG.  12    depicts an example implementation of responsive pattern recommendations  1202  output by the pattern module  216 , which is representative of a tool or other user interface component output for display as part of user interface  602 . In the illustrated example of  FIG.  12   , the responsive pattern recommendations  1202  include recommendations for a grid  1204  responsive pattern, a list with thumbnails  1206  responsive pattern, a carousel  1208  responsive pattern, and a flow  1210  responsive pattern. Although displayed as including four recommendations in  FIG.  12   , the responsive pattern recommendations  1202  is configured to recommend any number of responsive patterns  220 . In implementations, responsive patterns  220  are recommended by the pattern module  216  based on one or more types of content objects  208  assigned to a node  206  for which the responsive patterns  220  are being recommended. To do so, the pattern module  216  correlates each responsive pattern  220  with one or more content object  208  types, and outputs responsive pattern recommendations  1202  for responsive patterns  220  having correlated content object types that match a current selection of content objects. 
     In some implementations, each of the responsive pattern recommendations  1202  is configured as a selectable control, which causes assignment of a corresponding responsive pattern to content objects  208  of a selected node  206  (e.g., content objects  208  being displayed in the content preview portion  604 ). For instance, the illustrated example of  FIG.  12    depicts an example implementation where the grid  1204 , carousel  1208 , and flow  1210  responsive patterns  220  are selected from the responsive pattern recommendations  1202 . These selections are represented by the inclusion of indicators  1212 ,  1214 , and  1216  in the responsive pattern control portion  614 . 
     For instance, indicator  1212  specifies that the grid  1204  responsive pattern is assigned to a node with a pattern priority  228  of one, indicator  1214  specifies that the carousel  1208  responsive pattern is assigned to the node with a pattern priority  228  of two, and indicator  1216  specifies that the flow  1210  responsive pattern is assigned to the node with a pattern priority  228  of three. In an implementation where the pattern module  216  automatically assigns the pattern priority  228  for each responsive pattern  220 , the pattern priorities  228  are assigned independent of user input. Alternatively or additionally, the pattern module  216  is configured to assign a pattern priority  228  to a responsive pattern  220  based on user input. For instance, the responsive pattern control portion  614  is configured to enable reprioritization of the grid  1204 , carousel  1208 , and flow  1210  responsive patterns via user input. Examples of user input for reprioritizing the responsive patterns include adjusting positions of the indicators  1212 ,  1214 , and  1216  relative to one another, textually defining an index value, and so forth. 
     As described previously, the responsive pattern control portion  614  is further configured to provide controls for defining both a visual appearance of various layouts defined by a responsive pattern  220  as well as defining an activation range  226  for one or more responsive factors  224  to trigger activation of the responsive pattern  220 . For instance, in the illustrated example of  FIG.  12   , the responsive pattern control portion  614  provides controls for customizing the carousel  1208  responsive pattern as applied to one or more nodes  206  in the responsive document  106 . 
     Specifically, the responsive pattern control portion  614  displays a control  1218  that configures a pattern parameter  222  specifying a number of slides to scroll during navigation of a carousel and a control  1220  that configures a pattern parameter  222  specifying a number of slides to display at the carousel at a given time. The responsive pattern control portion  614  further includes a control  1222  that specifies an activation range  226  of 579 to 1004 pixels for a responsive factor  224  corresponding to a display width of a computing device outputting the responsive document  106 . The responsive pattern control portion  614  also includes a control  1224  that specifies an activation range  226  of 139% to 200% of a font size responsive factor  224  associated with the computing device outputting the responsive document  106 . 
     The responsive pattern control portion  614  further includes a control  1226  that specifies an activation range  226  of 100% to 200% of a line height responsive factor  224  associated with the computing device outputting the responsive document  106 . The responsive pattern control portion  614  is finally depicted as including a control  1228  that specifies an activation range  226  of 0% to 55% of a font magnification responsive factor  224  associated with the computing device outputting the responsive document  106 . 
     In some implementations, the corresponding indicator for the responsive pattern  220 , such as indicator  1214 , is modified to visually summarize activation ranges  226  for various responsive factors  224  of the responsive pattern  220 . For example, in the illustrated example of  FIG.  12   , indicator  1214  includes four horizontal bars below the textual description indicating that the carousel  1208  responsive pattern is assigned a pattern priority  228  of two. Each of the horizontal bars corresponds to one of controls  1222 ,  1224 ,  1226 , or  1228 , and is visually shaded to depict the corresponding activation range  226  relative to a possible range of values for the corresponding responsive factor  224 . In this manner, the responsive pattern control portion  614  enables a user of the responsive layout system  104  to assign responsive patterns  220  to nodes  206 , granularly control how individual responsive patterns  220  are activated, and intuitively understand how different responsive patterns  220  are triggered relative to one another. 
     After designating pattern assignments  218  for each node  206  of the content structure  204 , the content structure  204  and the pattern assignments  218  are compiled and output as the responsive document  106 . 
       FIG.  13    depicts an instance of the content structure  204  of  FIG.  3    updated to include pattern assignments  218 . Specifically, in the illustrated example of  FIG.  13   , canvas  302  is associated with a pattern assignment  1302 . The pattern assignment  1302  is representative of at least one default responsive pattern  220  assigned to each node  206  of the responsive document  106 . To ensure that each node  206  is assigned at least one responsive pattern  220 , the pattern module  216  propagates the responsive pattern  220  assigned to a parent node (e.g., the canvas  302 ) to all children of the parent node, subject to override via assignment of one or more different responsive patterns  220 . In this manner, group  304  is assigned pattern assignment  1304  and group  314  is assigned pattern assignment  1306 . Because alternative node  320  represents a node alternative  214  relationship linking groups  322  and  324 , pattern assignment  1308  is commonly assigned to groups  322  and  324 . As described above, respective activation ranges  226  of pattern assignment  1308  dictate whether group  322  or group  324  is displayed during output of the responsive document  106 . Each of the pattern assignments  1302 ,  1304 ,  1306 , and  1308  are thus representative of one or more responsive patterns  220  defined in accordance with the techniques described herein. 
     The responsive document  106  with its content structure  204  and pattern assignments  218  is then output by the responsive layout system  104 . The responsive document  106  is thus configured to cause a computing device (e.g., computing device  114 ,  116 , or  118 ) to output content objects  208  according to responsive patterns having assigned activation ranges  226  that encompass corresponding display characteristics of the computing device. 
     Having considered example systems and techniques, consider now example procedures to illustrate aspects of the techniques described herein. 
     Example Procedures 
     The following discussion describes techniques that are configured to be implemented utilizing the previously described systems and devices. Aspects of each of the procedures are configured for implementation in hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. The procedures are shown as a set of blocks that specify operations performed by one or more devices and are not necessarily limited to the orders shown for performing the operations by the respective blocks. In portions of the following discussion, reference is made to  FIGS.  1 - 13   . 
       FIG.  14    is a flow diagram depicting a procedure  1400  in an example implementation of generating a responsive document using the techniques described herein. To begin, structured digital content organized into one or more nodes that each include at least one digital content object is received (block  1402 ). The pattern module  216 , for instance, receives a content structure  204  that organizes content objects  208  into a plurality of nodes  206 . The content structure  204  further specifies one or more node relationships  210  that describe how different ones of the nodes  206  are related to one another. For instance, example node relationships  210  include one or more node groups  212  indicating that multiple nodes  206  are configured for display with one another as part of a responsive document  106 . As another example, node relationships  210  include one or more node alternatives  214  specifying that certain nodes  206  are to be output as alternatives of other nodes  206  during display of the responsive document  106 . 
     A responsive pattern is assigned to one or the one or more nodes (block  1404 ). The pattern module  216 , for instance, assigns a responsive pattern  220  to one of the nodes  206  included in the content structure  204 . The responsive pattern  220  includes information describing a plurality of layout configurations for displaying digital content included in the one of the one or more nodes, based on display characteristics of a computing device outputting the responsive document  106 . 
     As part of assigning the responsive pattern to the one of the one or more nodes, an activation range for the at least one responsive factor is designated to trigger the responsive pattern (block  1406 ). The pattern module  216 , for instance, designates an activation range  226  for at least one responsive factor  224  for the responsive pattern  220 . In some implementations, designating the activation range  226  for the responsive factor  224  is performed responsive to user input received via controls included in one or more user interfaces output by the responsive layout system  104 , such as controls of the responsive pattern control portion  614 . In some implementations, the pattern module  216  continues to assign an activation range  226  for one or more additional responsive factors  224  to activate the responsive pattern  220 . 
     After designating the activation range for at least one responsive factor of the responsive pattern, a determination is made as to whether an additional responsive pattern is to be assigned to the one of the one or more nodes (block  1408 ). In response to determining that an additional responsive pattern  220  is to be assigned to the node  206 , the pattern module  216  assigns an index value designating a pattern priority  228  for the previously assigned responsive pattern  220  to prioritize responsive patterns assigned to the node  206  (block  1410 ). After prioritizing the previously assigned responsive pattern  220 , operation returns to block  1406 , and the pattern module  216  continues to designate activation ranges  226  for one or more responsive factors  224  to activate the responsive pattern  220 . At block  1408 , responsive to determining that no additional responsive pattern is to be applied to the one of the one or more nodes, operation proceeds to block  1412 . 
     A determination is then made as to whether a different node should be selected for at least one responsive pattern assignment (block  1412 ). In response to determining that a different node should be selected for at least one responsive pattern assignment, operation returns to block  1404 , and the pattern module  216  continues to assign additional responsive patterns  220  to the node  206 , and operation flows through blocks  1404 ,  1406 ,  1408  and  1412  until a determination is made that no additional nodes are to be selected for at least one responsive pattern assignment. 
     Upon such a determination, a responsive document that causes rendering of the one or more nodes according to the responsive pattern assignments is generated (block  1414 ). The responsive layout system  104 , for instance, compiles the content structure  204  and the pattern assignments  218  to generate the responsive document  106 . 
       FIG.  15    is a flow diagram depicting a procedure  1500  in an example implementation of rendering a responsive document generated using the techniques described herein. 
     A responsive document that includes digital content objects and describes at least one responsive pattern for displaying the digital content objects is received (block  1502 ). The computing device  114 , for instance, receives the responsive document  106  as a content structure  204  with associated pattern assignments  218  that define at least one responsive pattern  220  for displaying content objects  208  associated with each of one or more nodes  206  included in the content structure  204 . 
     Display characteristics defined by at least one of hardware associated with a computing device outputting the responsive document or user-defined settings associated with the computing device outputting the responsive document are ascertained (block  1504 ). The computing device  114 , for instance, ascertains display characteristics defined by one or more hardware components of the computing device  114 , one or more settings defined by a user of the computing device  114 , or combinations thereof. 
     A determination is made as to whether the computing device display characteristics trigger a first responsive pattern (block  1506 ). The computing device  114  for instance, identifies one or more responsive factors  224  associated with the first responsive pattern and determines whether the computing device display characteristics are encompassed by corresponding activation ranges  226  for each of the responsive factors  224 . In response to determining that the computing device display characteristics trigger the first responsive pattern, operation proceeds to block  1508 . Alternatively, in response to determining that the computing device display characteristics do not trigger the first responsive pattern, the responsive document is output using default display settings (block  1510 ). In some implementations, the computing device  114  outputs the responsive document  106  using default display settings (e.g., default settings for the computing device  114  defined independent of the responsive document  106 ). Alternatively, the computing device  114  outputs the responsive document  106  using default display settings defined by a parent node of the responsive document  106 , such as the pattern assignment  1302  assigned to the canvas  302 . 
     Alternatively, in response to determining that the computing device display characteristics trigger the first responsive pattern, a determination is made as to whether the computing device display characteristics trigger an additional responsive pattern (block  1508 ). The computing device  114  for instance, identifies one or more responsive factors  224  associated with an additional responsive pattern and determines whether the computing device display characteristics are encompassed by corresponding activation ranges  226  for each of the responsive factors  224  of the additional responsive pattern. 
     In response to determining that the computing device display characteristics are not encompassed by corresponding activation ranges  226  for each of the responsive factors  224  of the additional responsive pattern, the responsive document is output using the first responsive pattern (block  1512 ). Alternatively, in response to determining that the computing device display characteristics are encompassed by corresponding activation ranges  226  for each of the responsive factors  224  of the additional responsive pattern, the responsive document is output using a highest priority responsive pattern (block  1514 ). The computing device  114 , for instance, identifies a responsive pattern  220  with responsive factor  224  activation ranges  226  satisfied by the computing device display characteristics having a highest pattern priority  228  and outputs the responsive document  106  using the highest-priority responsive pattern  220 . Operation of  FIG.  15    continues by returning to block  1506  for each of a plurality of nodes  206  defined by a content structure  204  for the responsive document  106 , such that output of content objects  208  associated with each node  206  is constrained by one or more responsive patterns  220  assigned to the node  206 . 
     Having described example procedures in accordance with one or more implementations, consider now an example system and device to implement the various techniques described herein. 
     Example System and Device 
       FIG.  16    illustrates an example system  1600  that includes an example computing device  1602 , which is representative of one or more computing systems and/or devices that implement the various techniques described herein. This is illustrated through inclusion of the responsive layout system  104 . The computing device  1602  is configured, for example, as a service provider server, as a device associated with a client (e.g., a client device), as an on-chip system, and/or as any other suitable computing device or computing system. 
     The example computing device  1602  as illustrated includes a processing system  1604 , one or more computer-readable media  1606 , and one or more I/O interface  1608  that are communicatively coupled, one to another. Although not shown, the computing device  1602  is further configured to include a system bus or other data and command transfer system that couples the various components, one to another. A system bus includes any one or combination of different bus structures, such as a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, a universal serial bus, and/or a processor or local bus that utilizes any of a variety of bus architectures. A variety of other examples are also contemplated, such as control and data lines. 
     The processing system  1604  is representative of functionality to perform one or more operations using hardware. Accordingly, the processing system  1604  is illustrated as including hardware element  1610  that are configurable as processors, functional blocks, and so forth. For instance, hardware element  1610  is implemented in hardware as an application specific integrated circuit or other logic device formed using one or more semiconductors. The hardware elements  1610  are not limited by the materials from which they are formed, or the processing mechanisms employed therein. For example, processors are alternatively or additionally comprised of semiconductor(s) and/or transistors (e.g., electronic integrated circuits (ICs)). In such a context, processor-executable instructions are electronically executable instructions. 
     The computer-readable storage media  1606  is illustrated as including memory/storage  1612 . The memory/storage  1612  represents memory/storage capacity associated with one or more computer-readable media. The memory/storage  1612  is representative of volatile media (such as random-access memory (RAM)) and/or nonvolatile media (such as read only memory (ROM), Flash memory, optical disks, magnetic disks, and so forth). The memory/storage  1612  is configured to include fixed media (e.g., RAM, ROM, a fixed hard drive, and so on) as well as removable media (e.g., Flash memory, a removable hard drive, an optical disc, and so forth). In certain implementations, the computer-readable media  1606  is configured in a variety of other ways as further described below. 
     Input/output interface(s)  1608  are representative of functionality to allow a user to enter commands and information to computing device  1602  and allow information to be presented to the user and/or other components or devices using various input/output devices. Examples of input devices include a keyboard, a cursor control device (e.g., a mouse), a microphone, a scanner, touch functionality (e.g., capacitive, or other sensors that are configured to detect physical touch), a camera (e.g., a device configured to employ visible or non-visible wavelengths such as infrared frequencies to recognize movement as gestures that do not involve touch), and so forth. Examples of output devices include a display device (e.g., a monitor or projector), speakers, a printer, a network card, tactile-response device, and so forth. Thus, the computing device  1602  is representative of a variety of hardware configurations as further described below to support user interaction. 
     Various techniques are described herein in the general context of software, hardware elements, or program modules. Generally, such modules include routines, programs, objects, elements, components, data structures, and so forth that perform particular tasks or implement particular data types. The terms “module,” “functionality,” and “component” as used herein generally represent software, firmware, hardware, or a combination thereof. The features of the techniques described herein are platform-independent, meaning that the techniques are configured for implementation on a variety of commercial computing platforms having a variety of processors. 
     An implementation of the described modules and techniques are stored on or transmitted across some form of computer-readable media. The computer-readable media include a variety of media that is accessible by the computing device  1602 . By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable media includes “computer-readable storage media” and “computer-readable signal media.” 
     “Computer-readable storage media” refers to media and/or devices that enable persistent and/or non-transitory storage of information in contrast to mere signal transmission, carrier waves, or signals per se. Thus, computer-readable storage media refers to non-signal bearing media. The computer-readable storage media includes hardware such as volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media and/or storage devices implemented in a method or technology suitable for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, logic elements/circuits, or other data. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage, hard disks, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or other storage device, tangible media, or article of manufacture suitable to store the desired information for access by a computer. 
     “Computer-readable signal media” refers to a signal-bearing medium that is configured to transmit instructions to the hardware of the computing device  1602 , such as via a network. Signal media typically embody computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal, such as carrier waves, data signals, or other transport mechanism. Signal media also include any information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media include wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared, and other wireless media. 
     As previously described, hardware elements  1610  and computer-readable media  1606  are representative of modules, programmable device logic and/or fixed device logic implemented in a hardware form that is employed in some embodiments to implement at least some aspects of the techniques described herein, such as to perform one or more instructions. Hardware, in certain implementations, includes components of an integrated circuit or on-chip system, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), and other implementations in silicon or other hardware. In this context, hardware operates as a processing device that performs program tasks defined by instructions and/or logic embodied by the hardware as well as a hardware utilized to store instructions for execution, e.g., the computer-readable storage media described previously. 
     Combinations of the foregoing are employed to implement various techniques described herein. Accordingly, software, hardware, or executable modules are implemented as one or more instructions and/or logic embodied on some form of computer-readable storage media and/or by one or more hardware elements  1610 . The computing device  1602  is configured to implement instructions and/or functions corresponding to the software and/or hardware modules. Accordingly, implementation of a module that is executable by the computing device  1602  as software is achieved at least partially in hardware, e.g., through use of computer-readable storage media and/or hardware elements  1610  of the processing system  1604 . The instructions and/or functions are executable/operable by one or more articles of manufacture (for example, one or more computing devices  1602  and/or processing systems  1604 ) to implement techniques, modules, and examples described herein. 
     The techniques described herein are supported by various configurations of the computing device  1602  and are not limited to the specific examples of the techniques described herein. This functionality is further configured to be implemented all or in part through use of a distributed system, such as over a “cloud”  1614  via a platform  1616  as described below. 
     The cloud  1614  includes and/or is representative of a platform  1616  for resources  1618 . The platform  1616  abstracts underlying functionality of hardware (e.g., servers) and software resources of the cloud  1614 . The resources  1618  include applications and/or data that is utilized while computer processing is executed on servers that are remote from the computing device  1602 . Resources  1618  also include services provided over the Internet and/or through a subscriber network, such as a cellular or Wi-Fi network. 
     The platform  1616  is configured to abstract resources and functions to connect the computing device  1602  with other computing devices. The platform  1616  is further configured to abstract scaling of resources to provide a corresponding level of scale to encountered demand for the resources  1618  that are implemented via the platform  1616 . Accordingly, in an interconnected device embodiment, implementation of functionality described herein is configured for distribution throughout the system  1600 . For example, in some configurations the functionality is implemented in part on the computing device  1602  as well as via the platform  1616  that abstracts the functionality of the cloud  1614 . 
     CONCLUSION 
     Although the invention has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, the invention defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described. Rather, the specific features and acts are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claimed invention.