Patent Publication Number: US-2021169136-A1

Title: Systems, methods, and devices for hookah filtering

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/289,029, filed Feb. 28, 2019, which claims priority to and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/974,286, filed May 8, 2018, which claims priority to and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/476,296, filed Mar. 31, 2017, which claims priority to and is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/422,433, filed Feb. 1, 2017, each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety herein for all purposes. 
     This application is also related to U.S. Pat. No. 9,237,770; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/994,907; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/549,435; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/948,168; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/948,186, each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety herein for all purposes. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The subject matter described herein relates generally to a system, device, and method of preparing tobacco, or other organic material, for smoking using a water pipe. Existing and traditional water pipes generally include a plate for supporting charcoal, a head for containing tobacco, a body including an internal pipe, a base for containing water, and a hose. Typically, a user will first fill the base with water and then place the internal pipe into the water such that the body creates an airtight seal with the base. The head is then filled with tobacco, or other organic material, and placed over the internal pipe such that an airtight seal is created between the internal pipe and the head. Next the user places the plate over the head, places one or more lit charcoals on the plate and these charcoals serve to heat the tobacco, or other organic material, underneath the plate. The hose is typically attached to the body such that it has an airtight connection with air above the water in the base. The user can inhale through the hose, which draws smoke from the heated tobacco, or other organic material, in the head through the internal pipe, through the water contained in the base, through the hose and into the user&#39;s lungs. 
     U.S. Patent Publ. No. 2013/0330680 shows an example of a common water pipe and is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     While standard water pipes are known, the embodiments provided herein teach features and advantages heretofore untaught by the prior art, as will be clear to one of ordinary skill in the art. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Provided herein are embodiments of systems, devices and methods for preparing, storing, heating and smoking tobacco, or other organic material, through a water pipe. The water pipe is different in form and function from traditional water pipes and provides a new experience for users, unknown in the industry. 
     A hookah is a water pipe known for centuries that has maintained a single, basic form. Traditional hookah pipes commonly include single chamber for holding water or other liquid that resembles a vase, and a pipe, hose, and bowl for holding tobacco. When being used for smoking or storing in an upright orientation, traditional hookahs have a center of gravity that is often located some distance above the surface on which the hookah pipe is resting. This high center of gravity can be prone to tipping over, especially when multiple users are sharing a smoking experience, where they may be passing hoses between each other. In a departure from the traditional orientation, the water pipe device disclosed herein has a low center of gravity and is therefore much more stable and less prone to falling over. As such, the water pipe devices disclosed herein provide improved safety and cleanliness compared with traditional hookah pipes since there is a reduced likelihood that the water pipe will tip over, causing coals or other heating implements to burn property or individuals and there is a reduced likelihood that the liquid holding chamber will spill or break. Similar advantages are also disclosed with respect to new bowl mechanics that are disclosed herein, providing mechanisms for securely coupling tobacco, or other organic material, holding bowls to the new water pipe devices and thus improving safety and cleanliness over prior art hookah pipes. 
     Operation of a traditional hookah pipe includes heating tobacco, or other organic material, in a bowl, drawing smoke from the heated tobacco, or other organic material, through a pipe and into water in the liquid chamber and then into the user&#39;s lungs. This has traditionally offered a smoke, which can be cooler in temperature, smoother in experience, and cleaner than other smoking implements, such as cigarettes and cigars. The water pipes disclosed herein further improve on the traditional hookah pipe in that they can provide users a cooler temperature and smoother smoking experience than a traditional hookah pipe. Disclosed herein are water pipes that provide various mechanisms for achieving these improvements including an increased surface area for smoke to cool, improved, and as yet unknown, purge valves and other inventive advancements not heretofore known. 
     To elaborate, various new types of water pipes are disclosed herein. In particular, some of these water pipes include a bowl that is pushed into a neck or hole from one direction. Some of these water pipes utilize two-part downstem systems that separate to allow for upper and lower sections to create a seal over a hole in a glass dome from two directions. For these embodiments, once the seal is formed by screwing, or otherwise coupling the upper and lower sections to one another, there is a nipple at the top of the downstem to which a silicone bowl can be coupled. This allows for an airtight system, which is ideal for smoking and is an improvement on traditional hookah pipes that rely on a male or female bowl that connects with a stem and allow for smoke to travel from the bowl through the stem and into the base where water is held. 
     The devices and components described herein also promote improved social and personal smoking experiences by incorporating lighting, music, new smoking aesthetics, and improved storage abilities over traditional hookah pipes. 
     In some embodiments, a filter assembly is provided, the filter assembly comprising an outer housing having an open first end and an open second end. An inner filter housing is provided within the outer housing adjacent the second end, and a gasket is provided at the first end of the outer housing. An internal chamber is provided between the first end of the outer housing and the inner filter housing, where during use, fluid from the within the internal chamber is drawn out the second end of the outer housing by way of the inner filter housing. 
     Typically, a filter is provided within the inner filter housing. Such a filter may be a carbon filter, and it may comprise a carbon sponge located adjacent carbon pellets. As such, fluid filtered by the filter passes through the carbon sponge and the carbon pellets consecutively. 
     The gasket at the first end of the outer housing forms a gasketed opening smaller than the open first end at the open first end of the outer housing. The gasket may then extend axially adjacent a wall of the outer housing and abut the inner filter housing, such that the internal chamber is defined by the gasket and the inner filter housing. In such embodiments, the outer housing may be substantially cylindrical, and the outer housing may be internally lined by the gasket. The inner filter housing may be at least partially conical, such that an axial end of the gasket may abut a conical surface of the inner filter housing. 
     During use, the internal chamber within the outer housing encloses an end of a hookah downstem such that fluid drawn from the downstem is drawn through the inner filter housing. In some embodiments, the filter assembly further comprises an aerator at the second end of the housing. 
     In some embodiments, a method is provided for filtering fluid in a hookah. Such a method comprises providing an outer housing having an open first end and an open second end, locating an inner filter housing within the outer housing adjacent the second end, such that an internal chamber is formed between the first end of the outer housing and the inner filter housing, and locating a gasket as the open first end of the outer housing. The gasket may then form a gasketed opening smaller than the open first end of the outer housing. 
     The method further comprises sliding the gasketed opening onto an end of a hookah downstem to form a fluid tight connection between the gasket and the downstem, locating the end of the hookah downstem within the outer housing, and drawing fluid from the second end of the outer housing. Fluid drawn from the second end of the outer housing is then received from the downstem by way of the inner filter housing. 
     The inner filter housing typically is provided with a filter within the housing, such that fluid passing through the inner filter housing is filtered by the filter. The filter may be a carbon filter, which may comprise a carbon sponge located adjacent carbon pellets, such that fluid filtered by the filter passes through the carbon sponge and the carbon pellets consecutively. 
     Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following more detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the present invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING(S) 
       Illustrated in the accompanying drawing(s) is at least one of the best mode embodiments of the present invention. In such drawing(s): 
         FIG. 1  shows an example embodiment of a prior art water pipe. 
         FIG. 2A  shows an example embodiment image of a perspective view of a domed water pipe with supporting tray with an attached hose. 
         FIG. 2B  shows an example embodiment image of a perspective view of a domed water pipe with supporting tray. 
         FIG. 2C  shows an example embodiment image of a perspective view of a domed water pipe with supporting tray with a storage compartment. 
         FIG. 2D  shows an example embodiment image of a perspective view of a domed water pipe with supporting tray. 
         FIG. 3A  shows an example embodiment of an exploded view of a domed water pipe with supporting tray. 
         FIG. 3B  shows an example embodiment of an exploded view of a domed water pipe. 
         FIG. 3C  shows an example embodiment of an exploded, side cross-sectional, view of a domed water pipe with supporting tray. 
         FIG. 3D  shows an example embodiment of an exploded view of a domed water pipe. 
         FIG. 3E  shows an example embodiment of an exploded view of a domed water pipe. 
         FIG. 3F  shows an example embodiment of an exploded view of a domed water pipe. 
         FIG. 3G  shows an example embodiment of an exploded view of a domed water pipe. 
         FIG. 3H  shows an example embodiment of an exploded view of a domed water pipe. 
         FIG. 3I  shows an example embodiment of a fully assembled domed water pipe. 
         FIG. 3J  shows a fully assembled, side cross-sectional, example embodiment of a domed water pipe and tray, in which a manifold is housed within the supporting tray. 
         FIG. 3K  shows a close-up example embodiment of the seal formed by a top and bottom down stem assemblies with an outer glass vessel. 
         FIGS. 4A-4D  show an example embodiment of a hose tip side diagram, side cross-sectional diagram, side image, mockup and end view diagram. 
         FIGS. 5A-5D  show an example embodiment of an MP Body end diagram, side diagram, side cross-sectional diagram and mockup. 
         FIGS. 6A-6D  show an example embodiment of a hose end cover side cross-sectional diagram, end diagram, side diagram and mockup. 
         FIGS. 7A-7D  show an example embodiment of an MP tip adapter. 
         FIG. 8  shows an example embodiment of a hose. 
         FIGS. 9A-9D  show an example embodiment of a MP grommet. 
         FIGS. 10A-10D  show an example embodiment of a MP large washer. 
         FIGS. 11A-11D  show an example embodiment of a MP small washer. 
         FIGS. 12A-12D  show an example embodiment of an MP hose receiver 
         FIGS. 13A-13D  show an example embodiment of a MP hose end receiver. 
         FIGS. 14A-14D  show an example embodiment of a hose end plug escutcheon 
         FIGS. 15A-15D  show an example embodiment of a hose plug grommet. 
         FIGS. 16A-16C  show an example embodiment of a manifold extension. 
         FIGS. 17A-17D  show an example embodiment of a bowl nipple. 
         FIG. 18A  shows an example embodiments of down stem assemblies attached to a silicone bowl as well as unattached. 
         FIG. 18B  shows an example embodiment of a down stem assembly attached to a silicone bowl. 
         FIG. 18C  shows an example embodiment of a down stem assembly coupled with a silicone bowl and a coupled silicone diffuser. 
         FIG. 18D  shows an example embodiment of a down stem assembly coupled with a silicone bowl and a silicone diffuser. 
         FIG. 18E  shows an example embodiment of a down stem assembly attached to a silicone bowl. 
         FIG. 18F  shows an example embodiment of a down stem assembly attached to a silicone bowl and which has purge channels on a down stem 
         FIG. 18G  shows an example embodiment of a side cross-sectional view of a silicone housing, glass bowl, and a metal heat management device 
         FIG. 18H  shows an example embodiment of a side cross-sectional view of a silicone housing, glass bowl, and a metal heat management device with airflow. 
         FIG. 18I  shows an example embodiment of an exploded view of the silicone housing and a metal heat management device. 
         FIGS. 18J-18M  show an example embodiment of a silicone bowl housing. 
         FIGS. 18N-18Q  show an example embodiment of a silicone bowl housing. 
         FIGS. 18R-18U  show an example embodiment of a down stem. 
         FIGS. 18W-18Y  show an example embodiment of a diffuser. 
         FIGS. 18Z, 18AA  show an example embodiment of a diffuser from top and bottom views. 
         FIG. 18V  shows an example embodiment of an assembled bowl with a down stem attached. 
         FIG. 19A  shows an example embodiment of an exploded view of a carbon filter assembly exploded view. 
         FIGS. 19B-D  show an example embodiment the top of a carbon filter. 
         FIGS. 19E-19H  show an example embodiment of a mesh for the carbon filter. 
         FIGS. 19I-19J  show an example embodiment of a carbon sponge for the carbon filter. 
         FIGS. 19K-19O  show an example embodiment of a carbon filter body. 
         FIGS. 20A-20B  show an example embodiment of an outer vessel top view diagram and isometric view diagram. 
         FIGS. 20C-20E  show an example embodiment of an outer vessel side view diagram, side cross-sectional diagram and side cross-sectional detail diagram. 
         FIGS. 20F-20H  show an example embodiment of an inner vessel an inner vessel picture, mockup and top view diagram. 
         FIGS. 20I-20K  show an example embodiment of an inner vessel side view diagram, side cross-sectional diagram and side cross-sectional detail diagram. 
         FIGS. 20L-20M  show an example embodiment of an outer vessel top view diagram and isometric view diagram. 
         FIGS. 20N-20P  show an example embodiment of an outer vessel side view diagram, side cross-sectional diagram and side cross-sectional detail diagram. 
         FIG. 20Q  shows an example embodiment of an outer vessel side view diagram, side cross-sectional diagram and side cross-sectional detail diagram as it sits on a manifold. 
         FIGS. 20R-20S  show an example embodiment of an outer vessel side view diagram, side cross-sectional diagram and side cross-sectional detail diagram as it sits on a manifold with a close-up of a silicone seal and outer vessel interface. 
         FIG. 20T  shows an example embodiment of an outer vessel side view diagram, side cross-sectional diagram and side cross-sectional detail diagram with a silicone housing inserted in a top opening of the outer vessel. 
         FIGS. 20U-20V  show an example embodiment of a silicone housing side view diagram, side cross-sectional diagram and side cross-sectional detail diagram of a silicone and glass interface. 
         FIG. 21A  shows an example image of a purge valve assembly coupled with a manifold, and manifold coupled with a main seal. 
         FIGS. 21B-21E  show an example embodiment of a main seal top diagram, side diagram, side cross-sectional diagram and mockup. 
         FIG. 21F  shows an example embodiment of a main seal side cross-sectional detail diagram. 
         FIGS. 21G-21H  show an example embodiment of two images of a main seal cross section. 
         FIG. 22A  shows an example embodiment image of a manifold from a top perspective view that is coupled with a main seal. 
         FIG. 22B  shows an example embodiment image of a manifold from a side perspective view that is coupled with a main seal. 
         FIGS. 22C-22F  show an example embodiment of a manifold top view diagram, side view diagram, side cross-sectional diagram and mockup. 
         FIGS. 22G-22J  show an example embodiment of a bottom seal from a top view diagram, side view diagram, side cross-sectional diagram and mockup. 
         FIGS. 23A-23D  show an example embodiment of a puck glass side diagram, bottom diagram and top diagram. 
         FIGS. 23E-23F  show an example embodiment of puck glass side diagrams. 
         FIGS. 23G-23I  show an example embodiment of a vessel gasket top view diagram, side view diagram and mockup. 
         FIG. 23J  shows an example embodiment of a cover image coupled with a base, ashtray and manifold. 
         FIGS. 23K-23N  show an example embodiment of a cover top view diagram, cover channel side view diagram and cover channel side cross-sectional diagram. 
         FIGS. 24A-24D  show an example embodiment of a purge nipple side view diagram, side cross-sectional diagram, end diagram and mockup. 
         FIGS. 24E-24G  show an example embodiment of a purge plate end view diagram, side diagram and mockup. 
         FIGS. 24H-24K  show an example embodiment of an umbrella valve. 
         FIGS. 24L-24N  show an example embodiment of a purge cap end view diagram, side view diagram and mockup. 
         FIGS. 24O-24S  show an example embodiment of a fully assembled and disassembled purge valve assembly. 
         FIG. 25A  shows an example embodiment of a tray coupled with a manifold in an image from a perspective view. 
         FIGS. 25B-25D  show an example embodiment of a tray from a top view diagram, bottom view diagram and mockup. 
         FIGS. 25E-25F  show an example embodiment of a tray from a lengthwise side diagram view and widthwise side diagram view. 
         FIG. 25G-25K  show an example embodiment of an ash tray from a side diagram view, side-cross sectional diagram view, top diagram view, bottom diagram view and mockup. 
         FIG. 26A  shows an example embodiment a side cross-sectional diagram view of a domed water pipe with supporting tray. 
         FIG. 26B  shows an example embodiment of a side cross-sectional diagram view domed water pipe with supporting tray including an intake airflow cycle. 
         FIG. 26C  shows an example embodiment of a side cross-sectional diagram view domed water pipe with supporting tray including a first purge airflow cycle. 
         FIG. 26D  shows an example embodiment of a side cross-sectional diagram view of domed water pipe head purge detail of a head area. 
         FIG. 26E  shows an example embodiment of a side cross-sectional diagram view of domed water pipe with supporting tray including a second purge airflow cycle. 
         FIG. 27A  shows an example embodiment a view of a domed water pipe. 
         FIG. 27B  shows an example embodiment a view of a domed water pipe with functional LED puck turned on. 
         FIG. 27C  shows an example embodiment a view of a domed water pipe with functional LED puck turned on. 
         FIG. 27D  shows an example embodiment a view of a domed water pipe with functional LED puck turned on and smoke inside the outer vessel. 
         FIG. 27E  shows an example embodiment a view of a domed water pipe with functional LED puck turned on and smoke inside the outer vessel. 
         FIGS. 28A-28B  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view diagram and mockup. 
         FIGS. 28C-28D  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a side view diagram and side cross-sectional diagram. 
         FIGS. 28E-28F  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view diagram and mockup. 
         FIGS. 28G-28H  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a side view diagram and side cross-sectional diagram. 
         FIGS. 28I-28J  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view diagram and mockup. 
         FIGS. 28K-28L  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a side view diagram and side cross-sectional diagram. 
         FIGS. 28M-28O  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view diagram, bottom view diagram and mockup. 
         FIGS. 28P-28Q  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a side view diagram and side cross-sectional diagram. 
         FIGS. 28R-28T  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a bottom view diagram, top view diagram and mockup. 
         FIGS. 28U-28V  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a side view diagram and side cross-sectional diagram. 
         FIGS. 28W-28X  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view diagram and mockup. 
         FIGS. 28Y-28Z  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a side view diagram and side cross-sectional diagram. 
         FIGS. 29A-29B  show an example embodiment of a heat management device domed lid from a side cross sectional view diagram and mockup. 
         FIGS. 29C-29D  show an example embodiment of a heat management device domed lid from a top view and side view diagram. 
         FIGS. 29E-29F  show an example embodiment of a heat management device domed lid from a top view and side view diagram. 
         FIGS. 29G-29H  show an example embodiment of a heat management device domed lid from a top view and cross-sectional diagram. 
         FIGS. 29I-29J  show an example embodiment of a heat management device domed lid from a side cross sectional view diagram and mockup. 
         FIGS. 29K-29L  show an example embodiment of a heat management device domed lid from a top view and side view diagram. 
         FIGS. 29M-29N  show an example embodiment of a heat management device domed lid from a side cross sectional view diagram and mockup. 
         FIGS. 29O-29P  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view and side view diagram. 
         FIGS. 30A-30C  show an example embodiment of tongs from a top view, side view, and perspective view. 
         FIG. 30D  shows an example embodiment of an exploded tongs diagram 
         FIGS. 30E-30F  show an example embodiment of tongs side cross-sectional diagram and detail. 
         FIGS. 31A-31C  show an example embodiment of a lighting puck from a top view, side view and perspective view. 
         FIGS. 31D-31F  show an example embodiment of a lighting puck from a top perspective view, side cross sectional view and perspective cross sectional view. 
         FIGS. 31G-31K  show an example embodiment of a lighting puck from a top view, side views, detail view and perspective view. 
         FIGS. 31L-31N  show an example embodiment of a lighting puck from a top view, side view and perspective view. 
         FIGS. 31O-31P  show an example embodiment of a lighting puck rim from a side view and cross-sectional side view. 
         FIGS. 31Q-31S  show an example embodiment of a lighting puck sensor membrane, silicone rim, and detail view. 
         FIGS. 31T-31U  show an example embodiment of a lighting puck LED panel LED strip. 
         FIGS. 32A-32Y  show example embodiments of user interface screens for use with an LED lighting puck. 
         FIG. 33A  shows an example embodiment of a basic network setup. 
         FIG. 33B  shows an example embodiment of a network connected server system. 
         FIG. 33C  shows an example embodiment of a user device. 
         FIGS. 34A-34C  show example embodiments of lighting schemes for an LED lighting puck. 
         FIGS. 35A-35G  show example embodiments of an LED lighting puck and steps for construction thereof. 
         FIGS. 36A-36C  show an example embodiment of an upward purge valve assembly process. 
         FIG. 36D  shows an airflow diagram for an upward purge valve assembly. 
         FIGS. 37A-37B  show an example embodiment of a heat management device domed lid, base plate, and key arm and cap from a perspective view in two orientations. 
         FIGS. 38A-38B  show an example embodiment of a heat management device domed lid and base plate from a perspective view showing movement with relation to each other. 
         FIG. 39  shows an example embodiment of a glass bowl top and a heat management device base plate from a perspective view. 
         FIGS. 40A-40B  show an example embodiment of a key arm and cap from a perspective view and side view. 
         FIGS. 41A-41H  show example embodiments of a heat management device domed lid with different sizes, shapes, and quantities of vent openings. 
         FIGS. 42A-42B  show an example embodiment of a heat management device domed lid from a side cross-sectional view, perspective mockup view, top view, and side view, respectively. 
         FIG. 42E  shows an example embodiment of a heat management device domed lid from a perspective mockup view. 
         FIGS. 43A-43E  show an example embodiment of a heat management device key arm from an end view, perspective mockup view, bottom view, top view, and side view, respectively. 
         FIGS. 44A-44E  show an example embodiment of a heat management device key cap from a top view, perspective mockup view, front view, back view, and side view, respectively. 
         FIGS. 45A-45D  show an example embodiment of a bowl from a side view, perspective mockup view, top view, and side cross-sectional view, respectively. 
         FIGS. 46A-46C  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view, top mockup view, and top perspective mockup view, respectively. 
         FIGS. 46D-46G  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a bottom view, bottom perspective mockup view, side view, and side cross-sectional view, respectively. 
         FIGS. 46H-46I  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a side mockup view and bottom perspective view, respectively. 
         FIGS. 46J-46K  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top perspective mockup view and top mockup view, respectively. 
         FIGS. 47A-47C  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view, top mockup view, and top perspective mockup view, respectively. 
         FIGS. 47D-47G  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a bottom view, bottom perspective mockup view, side view, and side cross-sectional view, respectively. 
         FIGS. 48A-48C  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view, top mockup view, and top perspective mockup view, respectively. 
         FIGS. 48D-48G  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a bottom view, bottom perspective mockup view, side view, and side cross-sectional view, respectively. 
         FIGS. 49A-49C  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view, top mockup view, and top perspective mockup view, respectively. 
         FIGS. 49D-49G  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a bottom view, bottom perspective mockup view, side view, and side cross-sectional view, respectively. 
         FIGS. 50A-50B  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view and top perspective mockup view, respectively. 
         FIGS. 50C-50F  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a bottom view, bottom perspective mockup view, side view, and side perspective mockup view, respectively. 
         FIGS. 51A-51C  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view, top mockup view, and top perspective mockup view, respectively. 
         FIGS. 51D-51G  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a bottom view, bottom perspective mockup view, side view, and side cross-sectional view, respectively. 
         FIGS. 52A-52C  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view, top mockup view, and top perspective mockup view, respectively. 
         FIGS. 52D-52G  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a bottom view, bottom perspective mockup view, side view, and side cross-sectional view, respectively. 
         FIGS. 53A-53C  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view, top mockup view, and top perspective mockup view, respectively. 
         FIGS. 53D-53G  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a bottom view, bottom perspective mockup view, side view, and side cross-sectional view, respectively. 
         FIGS. 54A-54C  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view, top mockup view, and top perspective mockup view, respectively. 
         FIGS. 54D-54G  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a bottom view, bottom perspective mockup view, side view, and side cross-sectional view, respectively. 
         FIG. 55  shows an example cross-sectional view of a water pipe system according to one embodiment. 
         FIG. 56  shows an enlarged view of a section of  FIG. 55 . 
         FIGS. 57 and 58  show example perspective views of a gasket according to one embodiment. 
         FIG. 59  is an example cross-sectional view of a gasket that is taken along a LIX-LIX line in  FIG. 57 . 
         FIG. 60  shows an example perspective view of a gasket according to one embodiment. 
         FIG. 61  illustrates an example method using a water pipe system in the form of a block diagram according to one embodiment. 
         FIG. 62  illustrates an example method using a water pipe system in the form of a block diagram according to one embodiment. 
         FIG. 63  shows an example cross-sectional view of a water pipe system according to one embodiment. 
         FIGS. 64 and 65  show example perspective views of a gasket and valves in the water pipe system shown in  FIG. 63 , with  FIG. 64  showing an exploded view. 
         FIG. 66  is a filter assembly in accordance with this disclosure. 
         FIG. 67  is an inner filter housing for use in the filter assembly of  FIG. 66 . 
         FIG. 68  shows the filter assembly of  FIG. 66  with an outer housing removed. 
         FIG. 69  shows a sectioned perspective view of the filter assembly of  FIG. 66 . 
         FIG. 70  shows a sectioned view of the filter assembly of  FIG. 66 . 
         FIG. 71  shows a partially exploded view of the filter assembly of  FIG. 66 . 
         FIG. 72  shows an exploded view of one example of an inner filter housing with a filter in accordance with this disclosure. 
         FIGS. 73 and 74  show the filter assembly of  FIG. 66  in use on a hookah downstem. 
         FIG. 75  is a flowchart illustrating a method for filtering fluid in a hookah using a filter assembly. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The following description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to these preferred embodiments, but rather to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use this invention. Further, the figures herein are not meant to be limiting based on any scale or size relation illustrated but rather are meant to be example embodiments illustrative of concepts. Although any methods, materials, and devices similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of embodiments, the preferred methods, materials, and devices are now described. 
     The above described drawing figures illustrate the described invention and method of use in at least one of its preferred, best mode embodiment, which is further defined in detail in the following description. Those having ordinary skill in the art may be able to make alterations and modifications to what is described herein without departing from its spirit and scope. While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described in detail a preferred embodiment of the invention with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the broad aspect of the invention to the embodiment illustrated. All features, elements, components, functions, and steps described with respect to any embodiment provided herein are intended to be freely combinable and substitutable with those from any other embodiment unless otherwise stated. Therefore, what is illustrated is set forth only for the purposes of example and should not be taken as a limitation on the scope of the present invention. 
       FIG. 1  shows an example embodiment of a prior art water pipe, known also as a hookah pipe  100 . As shown in  FIG. 1 , a head  130 , body  120 , base  150  and hose  140  are the primary components in a typical water pipe device. As shown in  FIG. 1A , in general, the base  150  comprises a concave vessel having an open top portion for containing water or other liquid therein. 
     The body  120  has a stem that extends into the base such that a distal end of the stem is partially submerged within the liquid contained in the base  150 . The body  120  couples with an open top portion of the base  150  so as to form a substantially airtight seal therewith. Accordingly, a first base grommet may be provided to couple the body  120  and the base  150  so as to form the substantially airtight seal. In this manner, a chamber is formed by the base  150  and body  120 . A hose  140  couples with the body  120  such that a proximal portion of the hose  140  has an airtight seal with the body  120 . Accordingly, a hose grommet may be provided to couple the hose  140  and the body  120  so as to form the substantially airtight seal. In some embodiments, a hose valve (not shown) may be intermediate the hose  140  and the body. The head  130  couples to a proximal end of the body  120  such that a substantially airtight seal is formed therebetween. Accordingly, a third grommet may be provided to couple the head  130  and the body  120  so as to form the substantially airtight seal. In operation, organic matter to be smoked may be contained within a bowl of the head  130 , and the head  130  can be covered with a cover, such as punctured foil, or a ventilated cover described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/489,475, filed on Jun. 6, 2012, the entire contents and disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference. Coals or other combustible heating material can be placed on or in the cover to heat the organic matter to be smoked, such as tobacco. 
     Critically, the head  130 , body  120  and hose  140  each comprise a hollow tube such that when the base  150 , head  130 , body  120  and hose  140  are coupled, an airflow path is formed. A user of prior art hookah  100  will generally inhale at the distal end of hose  140  and thus draw heated air into head  130 , causing the organic material therein to burn, releasing smoke that is subsequently drawn through the through body  120  and through the liquid in base  150 . The smoke then rises through the liquid into the area above the liquid in base  150 , becoming filtered in the process, and out through the hose  140  to be smoked by the user. 
     Other water pipe components, such as purge valves, ashtrays, base flavorings, etc. are generally known in the art and, while not specifically described herein, are intended to be useable in combination with the presently described embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. 
       FIGS. 2A-2D  show various example embodiments of domed water pipes. In particular,  FIG. 2A  shows an example embodiment image of a perspective view  200   s  of a domed water pipe with supporting tray with an attached hose.  FIG. 2B  shows an example embodiment image of a perspective view  200   b  of a domed water pipe with supporting tray.  FIG. 2C  shows an example embodiment image of a perspective view  200   c  of a domed water pipe with supporting tray with a storage compartment.  FIG. 2D  shows an example embodiment image of a perspective view  200   d  of a domed water pipe with supporting tray with a second bowl unit. 
       FIG. 3A  shows an example embodiment of an exploded view  300   a  of a domed water pipe with supporting tray. As shown in the example embodiment, multiple subsections will be described in turn, including a hose subsection  302   a,  a bowl subsection  304   a,  a manifold and glass subsection  306   a,  a purge valve subsection  308   a  and a tray subsection  310   a.  It should be understood that these subsections are not exhaustive and particular components can be considered in conjunction and operate with respect to components of other subsections. Furthermore, the components shown in  FIG. 3A  are not exhaustive and may include assemblies and sub-assemblies in various embodiments. The breakdown into subsections is to assist the reader with respect to clarity. Couplings, materials, orientations and other specifics related to the various components will be described with respect to individual parts in each figure description herein. 
     As shown in the example embodiment, hose subsection  302   a  can include components such as a hose tip  1 , a MP body  2 , a MP cover  3 , a MP nipple  4 , a hose  5 , a hose end cover  6  and a hose plug  7 . Bowl subsection  304   a  can include a bowl  8 , a down-stem  9 , and an aerator  10 . Manifold and glass subsection  306   a  can include an outer vessel  11 , an inner vessel  12 , a first cover  13 , a gasket  14 , a manifold body  15  and a hose socket  25 . Purge valve subsection  308   a  can include a purge nipple  16 , a purge plate  17 , an umbrella valve  18  and a purge cap  19 . Tray subsection  310   a  can include a base  20 , spare MP tips  21 , tongs  22 , a second cover  23  and an ash tray  24 . Components and operation of each subsection will be described in turn herein, as well as interaction between the subsections. 
       FIG. 3B  shows an example embodiment of an exploded view  300   b  of a domed water pipe. As shown in the example embodiment, a bowl  350  can be partially or completely silicone, silicone combined with materials such as wood, stone, glass, metal, or other some other material, or completely other materials and can be coupled with a bowl nipple  352  and separated from an exterior surface of an outer chamber  356  by a stem gasket  354 . A stem gasket  358  can separate a proximal end of a downstem  360  from an interior surface of outer chamber  356  and removably couple with bowl  350 , stem gasket  354  or both through a hole in the top of upper chamber  356 . Downstem  360  can have a distal end that couples with an aerator cap  362  that rests within an interior of an inner chamber  364  in operation. Inner chamber can rest within an interior of a manifold  368  and exterior chamber  356  can be sealably coupled with manifold  368  by a main seal  366 . In some embodiments, multiple sub-chambers can exist within inner chamber  364 . 
     Coupled with a side of manifold  368  can be a manifold extender  370  can house a hose plug grommet  372  and be covered by an escutcheon  373 . In turn, a purge nipple can fit within hose plug grommet  372  and be covered by a purge plate  376  and purge cover  378 . Coupled with manifold  368  in another location can be a manifold extender  380 , housing hose plug grommet  382 . This can be covered by an escutcheon  384  that covers a hose receiver  386  and hose end cap that is operable to be coupled with a hose (not shown). 
       FIG. 3C  shows an example embodiment of a side cutaway view  300   c  of a domed water pipe with a tray  390  and covering  394 . As shown in the example embodiment, a cap  398  can rest on or be coupled with a bowl  351 , which can be directly coupled with a downstem  361  that is coupled with an aerator cap  362 . Inner chamber  364  can be housed within manifold  368  and outer chamber  357 . Tray  390  can have interior compartments  392 . Cover  394  can be one or more pieces and can have a removable ashtray  396 . Bowl  351 , downstem  360  and aerator cap  362  can be supported by a flared upper section of outer chamber  357 . 
       FIGS. 3D-3K  show an example embodiment of an exploded view  300   d - 300   k  respectively of an assembly process for a two-portion coupling air draw system mechanism as shown in  FIG. 3B . As shown in the example embodiment, a bowl  350  can include a silicone housing  350   a  and glass core  350   b  as shown in  FIG. 3J . This can be removably coupled to a bowl nipple  352  via an appropriate mechanism, such as a threaded screwing mechanism. A nipple gasket  354  can be placed over and coaxial with a central axis hole  359  of an outer vessel  356  exterior. Similarly, a downstem gasket  358  can be coupled with a downstem  360  and be arranged coaxially with the central axis hole  359  of the outer vessel  356  interior surface. Then the upper end of the downstem  360  can be coupled with the lower end of the bowl nipple  352  such that they are assembled in a fixed fashion with respect to each other and the outer vessel  356 . 
     As described in  FIG. 3E , fittings for gaskets  352 ,  358  can be snug and pressing gaskets  352 ,  358  together with their respective components  352 ,  360  can be sufficient in some embodiments. As shown in  FIG. 3E , in some embodiments the downstem  360  and gasket  358  assembly is placed into position on the interior surface of the outer vessel  356  before the bowl nipple  352  and gasket  354  assembly are coupled to them on the exterior surface of the outer vessel  356  via the central axis hole  359 , as shown in  FIG. 3F . Next, as shown in  FIG. 3F , the bowl  350  may then be coupled with the bowl nipple  352 . Finally, the outer vessel  356  can be coupled with a manifold  368  assembly by firmly pressing it into place while carefully navigating the downstem  360  into a central axis hole  363  at the top of inner vessel  364  as shown. 
       FIG. 3J  shows an example embodiment of a water pipe for a two portion coupling air draw system mechanism from a cross sectional side view  300   j.    
       FIG. 3K  shows an example embodiment of a water pipe head detail  300   k  for a two portion coupling air draw system mechanism from a cross sectional side view. 
     Hose Subsection 
       FIGS. 4A-4D  show an example embodiment of a hose tip  401  side diagram  400   a,  side cross-sectional diagram  400   b,  mockup  400   c  and end view diagram  400   d,  respectively. In various embodiments hose tips can be metal, plastic, rubber or other appropriate material and may be fixed or removable. In some embodiments, they can include gripping mechanisms such as ridges, bumps or others that may be arranged in functional patterns or designs to aid in grasping. As shown in side cross-sectional diagram  400   b,  tip  401  includes a hollow cylindrical center  402  that is surrounded by a wall  403 . A ridge  404  can provide a stopping point such that tip  401  can be coupled with a hose or intermediary component. Users will inhale through hole  405  in a proximal end of tip  401 . Tip  401  can be about 35.51 millimeters long in some embodiments. Hose tip  401  can be an example embodiment of hose tip  1  of  FIG. 3A . 
       FIGS. 5A-5D  show an example embodiment of an MP body  411  end diagram  410   a,  side diagram  410   b,  side cross-sectional diagram  410   c  and mockup  410   d.  As shown in the example embodiment, MP body  411  can include a hollow cylindrical center  412  that is surrounded by a wall  413 . A ridge  414  can provide a stopping point such that MP body  411  can be coupled with a hose or intermediary component. MP body  411  can be about 200 millimeters long in some embodiments MP body  411  can be an example embodiment of MP body  2  of  FIG. 3A . 
       FIGS. 6A-6D  shows an example embodiment of a hose end cover  421  side cross-sectional diagram  420   a,  end diagram  420   b,  side diagram  420   c  and mockup  420   d.  As shown in the example embodiment, hose end cover  421  can include a hollow cylindrical center  422  that is surrounded by a wall  423 . In some embodiments, a grommet can be fixed or removable within hollow cylindrical center  422 . An interior ridge  424  can provide a stopping point such that hose end cover  421  can be coupled with a hose or intermediary component. Hose end cover  421  can be about 30 millimeters long in some embodiments. Hose end cover  421  can be an example embodiment of hose end cover  6  of  FIG. 3A . 
       FIGS. 7A-7D  show an example embodiment of an MP nipple and tip adapter  431  side cross-sectional diagram  430   a,  end diagram  430   b,  side diagram  430   c  and mockup  430   d.  As shown in the example embodiment, MP nipple and tip adapter  431  can include a hollow cylindrical center  432  that is surrounded by a wall  433 . In some embodiments, a grommet can be fixed or removable within hollow cylindrical center  432 . At least one interior ridge  434  can provide a stopping point such that MP nipple and tip adapter  431  can be coupled with a hose or intermediary component. MP nipple and tip adapter  421  can be about 30 millimeters long in some embodiments. 
       FIG. 8  shows an example embodiment of a hose  440 . Hose  440  can be a flexible cylindrical length and can include a hollow cylindrical interior. Hose  440  can be an example embodiment of hose  5  of  FIG. 3A . In some embodiments, multiple hoses and purge systems can be used, as should be understood. 
       FIGS. 9A-9D  show an example embodiment of a MP Grommet  451  side cross-sectional diagram  450   a,  end diagram  450   b,  side diagram  450   c  and mockup  450   d.  As shown in the example embodiment, MP Grommet  451  can include a hollow cylindrical center  452  that is surrounded by a wall  453 . In some embodiments, a grommet can be fixed or removable within hollow cylindrical center  452 . At least one interior ridge  454  can provide a stopping point such that MP Grommet  451  can be coupled with a hose or intermediary component. MP Grommet  451  can include an exterior circumferential ridge  455  in order to couple with interior components of other components to remain in a fixed location with respect to the other component. MP Grommet  451  can be about 10.5 millimeters long in some embodiments. 
       FIGS. 10A-10D  show an example embodiment of a MP large washer  461  side cross-sectional diagram  460   c,  end diagram  460   a,  side diagram  460   b  and mockup  460   d.  As shown in the example embodiment, MP large washer  461  can include a hollow cylindrical center  462  that is surrounded by a wall  463 . In some embodiments, a grommet or other component can be fixed or removable within hollow cylindrical center  462 . MP large washer  461  can be about 3 millimeters long in some embodiments. 
       FIGS. 11A-11D  show an example embodiment of a MP small washer  471  side cross-sectional diagram  470   c,  end diagram  470   a,  side diagram  470   b  and mockup  470   d.  As shown in the example embodiment, MP small washer  471  can include a hollow cylindrical center  472  that is surrounded by a wall  473 . In some embodiments, a grommet or other component can be fixed or removable within hollow cylindrical center  472 . MP small washer  471  can be about 3 millimeters long in some embodiments. 
       FIGS. 12A-12D  show an example embodiment of a MP hose receiver  481  side cross-sectional diagram  480   a,  end diagram  480   b,  side diagram  480   c  and mockup  480   d.  As shown in the example embodiment, MP hose receiver  481  can include a hollow cylindrical center  482  that is surrounded by a wall  483 . In some embodiments, a grommet can be fixed or removable within hollow cylindrical center  482 . At least one interior ridge  484  can provide a stopping point such that MP hose receiver  481  can be coupled with a hose or intermediary component. MP hose receiver  481  can include at least one exterior circumferential ridge  485  in order to couple with interior components of other components to remain in a fixed location with respect to the other component. MP hose receiver  481  can be about 26 millimeters long in some embodiments.  FIGS. 12A-12D  can be an example embodiment of MP nipple  4  of  FIG. 3A . 
       FIGS. 13A-13D  show an example embodiment of a hose end receiver  491  side cross-sectional diagram  490   a,  end diagram  490   b,  side diagram  490   c  and mockup  490   d.  As shown in the example embodiment, hose end receiver  491  can include a hollow cylindrical center  492  that is surrounded by a wall  493 . Hose end receiver  491  can include at least one exterior circumferential ridge  495  in order to couple with interior components of other components to remain in a fixed location with respect to the other component. Hose end receiver  491  can be about 48.5 millimeters long in some embodiments. Hose end receiver  491  can be an example embodiment of hose plug  7  of  FIG. 3A . 
       FIGS. 14A-14D  show an example embodiment of a hose end plug escutcheon  406  side cross-sectional diagram  407   a,  end diagram  407   b,  side diagram  407   c  and mockup  407   d.  As shown in the example embodiment, end plug escutcheon  406  can be cylindrical or disk shaped and can include a hollow cylindrical center  408  that is surrounded and defined by a circumferential wall  409 . Hose end plug escutcheon  406  can include at least one interior circumferential ridge  415  in order to couple with or otherwise retain other components, such as a grommet. Hose end plug escutcheon  406  can be about 40 millimeters diameter wide at its widest in some embodiments and about 7 millimeters thick. Hose end plug escutcheon can be an example embodiment of escutcheon  384  of  FIG. 3B . 
       FIGS. 15A-15D  show an example embodiment of a hose plug grommet  417  side cross-sectional diagram  416   a,  end diagram  416   b,  side diagram  416   c  and mockup  416   d.  As shown in the example embodiment, hose plug grommet  417  can include a hollow cylindrical center  418  that is surrounded by a wall  419 . In some embodiments, another grommet or component can be fixed or removable within hollow cylindrical center  418 . At least one interior ridge  425  can provide a stopping point such that hose plug grommet  417  can be coupled with a hose or intermediary component. Hose plug grommet  417  can include an exterior circumferential ridge  426  in order to couple with interior components of other components to remain in a fixed location with respect to the other component. Hose plug grommet  417  can be about 22 millimeters long in some embodiments and about 20.99 millimeters in diameter at its widest. Hose plug grommet  417  can be an example embodiment of hose plug grommet  382  of  FIG. 3B . 
       FIGS. 16A-16D  show an example embodiment of a manifold extension  427  side diagram  428   a,  end diagram  428   b  and mockup  428   c.  As shown in the example embodiment, manifold extension  427  can include a hollow cylindrical center  429  that is surrounded by a wall  435 . Wall  435  can be unitary in some embodiments and can include a wider diameter section  435   a  and narrower diameter section  435   b.  These sections can transition abruptly or gradually at a neck  436 . Wider diameter  435   a  section can allow for insertion of other components such as grommets, while narrower diameter section  435   b  can include coupling mechanisms on an exterior surface  437  such as ridges for inserting and coupling within other components such as a manifold. Manifold extension  427  can be about 67.5 millimeters long in some embodiments and about 24 millimeters in diameter at its widest. Manifold extension  427  can be an example embodiment of manifold extender  370  and  380  of  FIG. 3B . 
       FIGS. 17A-17D  show an example embodiment of a bowl nipple  438  side diagram  439   a,  side cross sectional diagram  439   b,  end diagram  439   c  and mockup  439   d.  As shown in the example embodiment, bowl nipple  438  can include a hollow cylindrical center  441  that is surrounded by an interior wall  442 . Wall  442  can be unitary in some embodiments and can include a wider diameter section and narrower diameter section. An exterior of bowl nipple  438  can include a generally cylindrical shaped disk  443  at a distal end that has a tapered section  444  and a thicker cylindrical disk  445  at a proximal end. These sections can transition abruptly or gradually. Tapered section  444  can include ridges for coupling using a screwing mechanism in some embodiments. An interior of hollow cylindrical center  441  can include at least one ridge  446  for insertion of other components such as grommets, while an exterior surface  447  can include features such as ridges for inserting and coupling within other components such as a bowl. Bowl nipple  438  can be about 19 millimeters thick in some embodiments and about 46 millimeters in diameter at its widest. As shown in the example embodiment, a channel  448  can be located coaxially around cylindrical center  441  and may include an arched rim for holding or coupling with a grommet or gasket. As shown, channel  448  may have an exterior wall that does not extend as far distally as wall  442 . Bowl nipple  438  can be an example embodiment of bowl nipple  352  of  FIG. 3B . 
     Bowl Subsection 
       FIG. 18A  shows an example embodiment diagram  500   a  of a bowl  502  and downstem  530  with aerator subassembly  540  in an upside-down orientation. 
       FIG. 18B  an example embodiment diagram  500   b  of a bowl  502  and downstem  530  in an upside-down orientation. 
       FIG. 18C  shows an example embodiment diagram  500   c  of a bowl  502  and downstem  530  with aerator subassembly  540  in an upside-down orientation. Downstem  530  can be an example embodiment of downstem  8  of  FIG. 3A . Aerator subassembly  540  can be an example embodiment of aerator  10  of  FIG. 3A   
       FIG. 18D  shows an example embodiment diagram  500   d  of a bowl  502  and downstem  530  with aerator subassembly  540 . 
       FIG. 18E  shows an example embodiment diagram  500   e  of a bowl  502  with separate chambers  504  and downstem  530  with aerator subassembly  540 . As shown in the example embodiment, separate chambers  504  or compartments for tobacco or other organic material can provide containment in different locations within bowl  502 . Chambers  504  are defined by walls  507  that can slope and meet at a lower end and a circumferential wall  508 . In the example embodiment, the separate chambers  504  are shown in a spiral configuration with a central pipe  506  at the center. The separate compartments  504  can provide flavor mixing advantages not present in the art. For instance, one compartment  504  can be used for a first flavor of tobacco, or other organic material, while a second compartment  504  can be used for a second flavor, until each compartment  504  is filled. Unique and easily reproducible combinations can be created by a user based on this design. This is in stark contrast to the traditional single compartment design. 
     As shown for example in  FIG. 18E , a bowl  502  preferably generally comprises a substantially hemispherical bowl head  505  extending vertically and radially from a substantially cylindrical bowl stalk  509 . As shown, bowl stalk  509  may be flared outward at its bottom end to facilitate easier manipulation. The bowl  502  preferably further comprises interior  510  and exterior  511  surfaces separated by a rim portion  503 . In some embodiments, located central to the bowl head  505 , and forming a portion of the inner surface of the bowl  502 , may be a hollow tube  506  extending the length of the bowl  502  from the bowl head  505  through the bowl stalk  509 . 
     Bowl head  505  preferably further comprises a plurality of compartments  504   g  therein for containing the organic matter or other material to be smoked. Accordingly, internal walls  507  may separate adjacent compartments  504   g.  A plurality of internal walls  507  may extend inward from the interior surface of the bowl head to hollow tube  506 , forming the plurality of compartments  504   g.  Accordingly, each internal wall  507  may partially or wholly separate adjacent compartments  504   g.  Compartments  504   g  may have varied dimensions and may be uniform or sized differently in different embodiments. In the example embodiment, each compartment is of equal depth and similar dimensions and shape. Each compartment may have a “U” shaped cross-sectional profile when viewed from a side. Alternatively, each compartment may have a “V” shape, open-top square shape, open-top rectangular shape or other shapes. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5W , in some embodiments the compartments  504   g  are slightly recessed from an upper elevation of the rim  503 , forming a space  318  between a cover and the organic matter to be smoked so as to promote airflow from the organic matter to the hollow tube  506 . 
     In at least one embodiment, bowl  502  is made of silicone material. Silicone may have advantages such as improved insulation around the head  505  and improved heat distribution inside the head  505  and may also provide improved uniformity of heat distribution. Improved insulation around head  505  may provide an improved user experience since users are less likely to burn themselves when handling bowl  502  when it is hot. Improved heat distribution inside head  505  may provide an improved user experience since it promotes even heating characteristics for organic matter in compartments  504   g.  As such, organic matter may be evenly heated and less likely to have some portions burn while others remain unheated. In other embodiments clay, marble, glass, or other appropriate materials may be used. 
     In accordance with the bowl of  FIG. 18E , a user can insert a metered amount of tobacco, shisha or other organic material into one or more of compartments  504   g  before or after coupling bowl  502  with a stem of a water pipe in order to prepare the bowl  502  for smoking. 
     In another example embodiment, compartments can be arranged concentrically around the central pipe. In the example embodiment, the separate compartments are slightly recessed from the top of the head. That is, the barriers between separate compartments do not extend to the upper end of the head. In the example embodiment, this can create a small gap between the lower surface of a plate for coal support and the upper surface of the tobacco, or other organic material, to be heated where the tobacco, or other organic material, is inserted in the compartments to the same upper height as the upper end of the ridge barriers. This arrangement can serve to protect the tobacco, or other organic material, from becoming too hot and burning which can create an unpleasant and harsh smoke for the user. The small gap can also serve as a small compartment for pleasant smoke created by the heated tobacco, or other organic material, to reside before being drawn downward through the central pipe. In some embodiments, they can extend to the upper end of the head. 
       FIG. 18F  shows an example embodiment diagram  500   f  of a bowl  502  and downstem  530 . 
       FIG. 18G  shows an example embodiment cross-sectional diagram  500   g  of a bowl  502 , plate  520  and coupled cap  550 . Bowl  502  can be an example embodiment of bowl  350  of  FIG. 3D . 
       FIG. 18H  shows an example embodiment cross-sectional diagram  500   h  of a bowl  502 , plate  520  and coupled cap  530 . 
       FIGS. 18G-18H  show a perspective view of a head with separate compartments for tobacco, or other organic material, containment. In typical prior art heads, a single compartment is provided for housing tobacco. In the example embodiment, a plurality of separate compartments are shown for housing tobacco, or other organic material. Each compartment shown can extend radially outward in a spiral from a central pipe that extends through the head for a portion or from top to nearly the bottom. In operation, the central pipe can allow a user to draw air from above the central pipe through the central pipe. The separate compartments shown each have identical dimensions although in other embodiments differing dimensions can be used. For example, a single compartment can be half of the head while the other half of the head can be split in two for a total of three compartments. Similarly, in some embodiments compartments can be arranged differently. 
       FIGS. 18G-18H  a perspective cross-sectional view  500   g  and side cross-sectional view  500   h  of an example embodiment of a dual component bowl  502   g  in accordance with the present invention. In various embodiments, an outer bowl  502   h  is provided with an inner bowl  502   i  which can be a different material and can be fixed or removable with respect to outer bowl  502   h.  In the example embodiment, outer bowl  502   h  is a silicone bowl which does not readily transfer heat and provides some insulating features Inner bowl  502   i  is a glass bowl which provides heat transfer properties. Inner bowl  502   i  can be manufactured with a spiral pattern  1206 , which in some embodiments can function similarly to the spiral features creating individual compartments. Further description of dual component bowls is given with respect to FIGS. 3D and 3E in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/948,168, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     As shown in  FIG. 18H , air can be drawn into cap  550 , through holes in platform  520  and through a central hole of bowl  502   g.    
       FIG. 18I  shows an example embodiment exploded view diagram  500   i  of a bowl  502 , plate  520  and coupled cap  550 . 
       FIGS. 18J-18M  show an example embodiment top diagram  500   j,  side diagram  500   k,  side cross-sectional diagram  500   l  and mockup  500   m  of a bowl  502   j.    
       FIGS. 18N-18Q  show an example embodiment side diagram  500   n,  side cross-sectional diagram  500   o,  top diagram  5009  and mockup  500   q  of a bowl  502   k.    
       FIGS. 18R-18U  show an example embodiment of a down stem  561  side diagram  560   s,  side cross sectional diagram  560   t,  end diagram  560   r  and mockup  560   u.  As shown in the example embodiment, down stem  561  can include a hollow cylindrical center  562  that is surrounded by an interior wall  563 . Wall  563  can be unitary in some embodiments and can include a wider distal diameter section  562   a,  tapered section  562   b  and narrower proximal diameter section  562   c.  An exterior of down stem  561  can include a generally cylindrical shape  567  with a proximal tapered section  564  ending in a ridge  565 , whereby a proximal end section  566  extends further and generally has the same exterior circumference as cylindrical section  567 . Proximal end section can include ridges for coupling using a screwing mechanism in some embodiments, while in other embodiments it may be smooth. A distal taper  568  can end in a distal cylindrical section  569  that includes a coupling mechanism such as a ridge for coupling with a diffuser cap. These sections can transition abruptly or gradually. An interior of hollow cylindrical center  562  can include at least one ridge  570  for insertion and retention of other components such filters and aerators. Down stem  561  can be about 123.25 millimeters long in some embodiments and about 45.03 millimeters in diameter at its widest. Down stem  561  can be an example embodiment of down stem  361  of  FIG. 3C . 
       FIG. 18V  shows an example embodiment of a down stem  561  coupled with a bowl  502   m.    
       FIGS. 18W-18Y  show an example embodiment of a diffuser cap  581  side diagram  580   y,  side cross sectional diagram  580   w,  and mockup  580   x.  As shown in the example embodiment, diffuser cap  581  can include a hollow cylindrical center  582  that is defined by a cylindrical interior wall  583  and a convex wall  584 . Wall  584  can be unitary in some embodiments and can include various perforations or holes  585  that allow for air to pass through it. Cylindrical interior wall  583  can include ridges or other mechanisms that allow for coupling with a down stem distal end. Diffuser cap  581  can be about 13 millimeters long in some embodiments and about 38 millimeters in diameter at its widest. Diffuser cap  581  can be an example embodiment of aerator cap  362  of  FIG. 3B . 
       FIGS. 18Z, 18AA  show an example embodiment of a top end view  580   a  and bottom end view  580   z  of a diffuser cap. 
       FIG. 19A  shows an example embodiment exploded view diagram  600   a  of an aerator subassembly. This aerator subassembly can fit within a downstem distal end and be held in place by a diffuser cap in various embodiments. As shown in the example embodiment, a filter top  602  can rest over and cover a filter mesh  610 . Filter mesh  610  can in turn rest on carbon pellets  622 , carbon sponge  620  or both. One or all of filter top  602 , filter mesh  610 , carbon  622  in the shape of pellets, rods, squares, or any other regular or irregular shape and carbon sponge  620  can be housed within filter body  630 . In various embodiments, filter top  602  can be coupled with filter body  630 . In some embodiments, coupling can be accomplished with ultra-sonic welding. 
       FIGS. 19B-D  show an example embodiment diagram of a filter top  602  from a top view  600   b,  side view  600   c  and perspective view  600   d.  As shown in the example embodiment, filter top  602  can include solid ribs  604  and holes  606  that allow airflow through filter top  602 . These holes can be arranged in a regular or irregular pattern. Filter top  602  can have a wall  1121  that defines a cylindrical empty chamber  1125 . Filter top  602  can have a thickness and have a diameter of about 30.4 millimeters at its widest in some embodiments. 
     It should be noted that carbon filtration can be used in various locations in different embodiments. As such, carbon sponges (e.g.  620 ), carbon pellets (e.g.  622 ), filter meshes (e.g.  610 ) and other components may be housed within one or more enclosures in different locations. These can include, but are not limited to, a channel around an edge or edges of a manifold (e.g.  368  of  FIG. 3B ), a hose tip (e.g.  401  of  FIGS. 4A-4D ), an MP core (e.g.  411  of  FIGS. 5A-5D ), a hose receiver (e.g.  481  of  FIGS. 12A-12D ), a hose end receiver (e.g.  491  of  FIGS. 13A-13D ), a manifold extension (e.g.  427  of  FIGS. 16A-16D ), or any other location as would be appropriate and effective for their purpose of filtering particulates from airflow within water pipes. 
       FIGS. 19E-19H  show an example embodiment diagram of a filter mesh  610  from a top view  600   e,  side view  600   f,  perspective view  600   g  and image view  600   h.  As shown in the example embodiment, filter mesh  610  can be a mesh or other fabric, operable to allow airflow therethrough. This fabric can be chosen as appropriate but should generally have a filtering effect on smoke drawn therethrough. Various fabrics are considered including synthetic and natural fabrics. Filter mesh  610  can have a thickness of about 1 millimeter and have a diameter of about 25 millimeters at its widest in some embodiments. 
       FIGS. 19I-19J  show an example embodiment diagram of a carbon sponge  620  from a top view  600   i  and a side view  600   j.  As shown in the example embodiment, carbon sponge can have a diameter of about 19.06 millimeters and a thickness of about 8 millimeters. 
       FIGS. 19K-19O  show an example embodiment diagram of a filter body  630  from a top view  600   k,  bottom view  600   l,  side view  600   m,  side cross-sectional view  600   n  and mockup  600   o.  As shown in the example embodiment, filter body  630  can include a cylindrical portion  632  and a flared portion  634 . Filter body  630  can have at least one wall  640  that defines the cylindrical portion  632  and flared portion  634 . At least one interior ridge  636  can provide a stopping point such that filter body  630  can be coupled with intermediary components. Flared portion can terminate in a rib structure  642  with holes  638  that allow airflow through filter body  630 . These holes  638  can be arranged in a regular or irregular pattern. Filter body  630  can have a length of 24.04 millimeters, cylindrical portion  632  can have a diameter of about 30.4 millimeters at its widest and flared portion can have a diameter of about 30.4 millimeters at an end opposite cylindrical portion  632  in some embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, substances other than tobacco can be smoked through the water pipes disclosed herein. In some of these embodiments, additional, substitute or complementary components may be required for safety, health, enjoyment and other functional reasons. 
     Manifold and Glass Subsection 
       FIGS. 20A-20B  show an example embodiment of an outer vessel  701  top view diagram  702   a  and isometric view diagram  702   b.  As shown in the example embodiment, outer vessel  701  can be defined by a wall  704  that is generally dome shaped in a half sphere. A circular hole  703  can be substantially centrally located at the top of the dome. The bottom of the dome can be substantially open. Outer vessel can be about 254 millimeters in diameter at its widest. Outer vessel  701  can be an example embodiment of outer vessel  11  of  FIG. 3A . 
       FIGS. 20C-20E  show an example embodiment of an outer vessel  701  side view diagram  702   c,  side cross-sectional diagram  702   d  and side cross-sectional detail diagram  702   e.  As shown in the example embodiment, outer vessel  701  can be about 138 millimeters tall in total. Wall  704  can include a domed height of about 126 centimeters and a vertical true cylindrical height of about 12 millimeters at the bottom of outer vessel  701 . Hole  703  can be about 30 millimeters in diameter. Wall  704  can be about five millimeters thick and hole  703  can be cut from wall  704  before being ground and polished to smooth out edges. Similarly, the bottom edge of wall  704  can be cut, ground flat and polished. 
       FIGS. 20F-20H  show an example embodiment of an inner vessel  721  an inner vessel picture  720   a,  mockup  720   b  and top view diagram  720   c.  As shown in the example embodiment, inner vessel  721  can be defined by a unitary bottom  725  and wall  724  that is generally dome shaped in a half sphere. A circular hole  723  can be substantially centrally located at the top of the dome. Bottom  725  of inner vessel can have a lower surface that is generally flat. Inner vessel  721  can be an example embodiment of inner vessel  12  of  FIG. 3A . 
       FIGS. 20I-20K  show an example embodiment of an inner vessel  721  side view diagram  720   d,  side cross-sectional diagram  720   e  and side cross-sectional detail diagram  720   f.  As shown in the example embodiment, inner vessel  721  can be about 146.73 millimeters tall in total and about 213.93 millimeters in diameter at its widest. Hole  723  can be between 57 and 59 millimeters in diameter. Wall  724  can be about five millimeters thick and hole  723  can be cut from wall  724  before being ground and polished to smooth out edges and achieve desired angles. 
       FIGS. 20L-20M  show an example embodiment of an outer vessel  731  top view diagram  730   g  and isometric view diagram  730   h.  As shown in the example embodiment, outer vessel  731  can be defined by a wall  734  that is generally dome shaped in a half sphere. A circular hole  732  can be substantially centrally located at the top of the dome. As shown in the example embodiment, a flared lip  733  can be provided where hole  732  is narrowest. Flared lip  733  can provide a mounting location for a bowl subassembly that can be supported by an upward facing surface of flared lip  733 . The bottom of the dome can be substantially open. Outer vessel  731  can be about 254 millimeters in diameter at its widest, while hole  732  can be about 42 millimeters at its narrowest. Outer vessel  731  can be an example embodiment of outer vessel  326  of  FIG. 3C . 
       FIGS. 20N-20P  show an example embodiment of an outer vessel  731  side view diagram  730   i,  side cross sectional view diagram  730   j  and hole detail  730   k.  As shown in the example embodiment, outer vessel  731  can be about 165 millimeters tall in total. Wall  734  can include a domed height of about 138.36 centimeters and a vertical true cylindrical height of about 12 millimeters at the bottom of outer vessel  731 . Wall  704  can be about five millimeters thick and flared lip  733  can be cut from wall  704  before being ground and polished to smooth out edges. Similarly, the bottom edge of wall  704  can be cut, ground flat and polished. Flared lip  733  can make about a 90-degree angle with the complementary portion of flared lip  733  located on the opposite side of hole  732 . 
       FIG. 20Q  shows an example embodiment  730   l  of an outer vessel coupled with a main seal and manifold from a cross-sectional side view. As shown in the example embodiment, an outer vessel  731  can be removably coupled with a manifold  902  by a main seal  810 . This coupling can be substantially airtight and prevent air leaks in various embodiments. As such, the coupling can be tuned to various tolerances. 
       FIGS. 20R-20S  show an example embodiment of an outer vessel coupled with a main seal and manifold from a cross-sectional side view  730   m  and detailed view  730   n.  These mechanisms will be described further with respect to  FIGS. 21A-21H and 22A-22F . 
       FIG. 20T  shows an example embodiment of an outer vessel  731  side cross-sectional view diagram  730   o.  As shown in the example embodiment, a bowl  730  can rest in or otherwise be coupled with a flared lip  733  of an outer chamber  731 . 
       FIGS. 20U-20V  show an example embodiment of an outer vessel  731  side cross-sectional view diagram  730   p  and detailed view  730   q.  As shown in the example embodiment, a bowl  730  can rest in or otherwise be coupled with a flared lip  733  of an outer chamber  731  and be affected by different tolerances due to the material of outer chamber  731 . For example, when glass is used three different adaptable areas may require consideration and adjustment in developing appropriate couplings. Curvature flex  741  allows for bowls of a silicone material to hold to a full range of curvatures on the inner and upward facing flared lip  733 . An adjustable height  742  of bowl  760  allows for changes in flared lip  733  thickness to be accounted for, even when changing. Adjustable height  742  can also provide for adaptation of locations where bowl  760  interfaces with the glass, relative to a height position of the curve accounted for by curvature flex  741 . An adaptable inner diameter  743  can be accomplished by providing a moat  765  or other channel on an interior underside of bowl  760 , around a central axis. This allows an outer arm  766  to flex inward toward the central axis of the bowl and thereby account for various inner diameter changes of outer chamber  731 . 
     In various embodiments, inner and outer vessels can be different shapes and sizes and can be made of various materials. These can include cube shapes, donut shapes, cylinder shapes, irregular shapes, regular shapes and others as appropriate and glass, wood, stone, and others, as appropriate. Additionally, a diameter or other measurement at an upper opening of a hole in an outer vessel and a diameter or other measurement of a bottom opening of a hole in the outer vessel can be sized as desired or appropriate. This also applies to openings for an inner vessel. It should be understood that this applies to various differently sized embodiments. 
     In some embodiments, ice or other air or fluid cooling chambers can exist within inner or outer vessels or within an interior space of a tray. These can allow for air cooling to allow for improved smoking experiences for users. One or more of inner and outer vessels can be glass in various embodiments and may have dome shapes of varying volumes, as should be understood. In many embodiments, glass chambers can be hand blown and may be within 2 mm accuracy to a standard size. In some embodiments, glass can have nanocoating of one or more materials to protect it from corrosion or other undesirable effects. In some embodiments, one or both of an inner or outer chamber can have an etching to show users one or more recommended liquid filling levels for liquid to cool smoke. In some embodiments, an outer chamber neck can eliminate a need for some sealing components, as a downstem assembly may effectively seal the neck. In some embodiments, a secondary cooling system can be provided, including an electronic refrigeration system. In some embodiments, a plurality of inner chambers can be provided within an inner chamber, outer chamber or both. It should be understood that each of these can have a variety of different sized and shaped necks to provide different advantages and smoking experiences. In some embodiments, these can be suspended, coupled with, integrated with and otherwise related to the chambers themselves, while in other embodiments they may be separate from but otherwise related to the chambers themselves. 
       FIG. 21A  shows an example image  800   a  of a purge valve assembly  830  coupled with a manifold  820 , and manifold  820  coupled with a main seal  810 . 
       FIGS. 21B-21E  show an example embodiment of a main seal  810  top diagram  800   b,  side diagram  800   d,  side cross-sectional diagram  800   e  and mockup  800   c.  As shown in the example embodiment, main seal  810  can include a hollow cylindrical center  812  that is surrounded by a wall  814 . In some embodiments, at least one interior ridge  816  can provide a support such that an upper vessel can be coupled with main seal  810 . Main seal  810  can be about 277 millimeters wide at largest diameter in some embodiments. Main seal  810  can be an example embodiment of gasket  14  of  FIG. 3A . 
       FIG. 21F  shows an example embodiment of main seal  810  as a side cross-sectional detail diagram  800   f.  As shown in the example embodiment, main seal  810  can include a unitary wall  814  that includes a ridge  816 , that serves as a horizontal shelf to support an outer chamber. A secondary shelf  818  can initially be somewhat horizontal and bend vertically downward such that it removably couples with an outer surface of the outer chamber and maintains the outer chamber in place when in use. Empty space  819  between a primary wall  815  and secondary wall  817  can allow for wall  814  to bend such that it provides a snug fit between a manifold body and an outer vessel. 
       FIGS. 21G-21H  show an example embodiment of two images of a main seal  810  cross section. 
       FIG. 22A  shows an example embodiment image of a manifold  902  from a top perspective view  900   a  that is coupled with a main seal  904 . Also shown are purge valve opening  906  and hose opening  908 . Manifold  902  can be an example embodiment of manifold body  15  of  FIG. 3A . 
       FIG. 22B  shows an example embodiment image of a manifold  902  from a side perspective view  900   b  that is coupled with a main seal  904 . Also shown are purge valve opening  906  and hose opening  908 . 
       FIGS. 22C-22F  show an example embodiment of a manifold  902  top view diagram  900   c,  side view diagram  900   d,  side cross-sectional diagram  900   e  and mockup  900   f.  As shown in the example embodiment, manifold  902  can include a flat center surface  910  that is surrounded by a cylindrical inner wall  912 . Around inner wall  912  can be a depression  914  and an outer wall  916 . In some embodiments, additional ridges can and walls can be provided. Depression  914  can provide a location for a bottom seal to rest that can also extend over inner wall  912  and parallel and above center surface  910 . As such, an opening can be provided that is partially defined by inner wall  912  and center surface  910 . 
     An inner chamber can rest on the bottom seal, above inner wall. In some embodiments, an outer chamber can also rest on a portion of the bottom seal, circumferentially around the inner chamber. In some embodiments, a main seal can be coupled with an upper ridge  918  and the outer chamber can rest on a portion of the main seal. In the example embodiment, a maximum diameter of manifold  902  is about 273 millimeters and a maximum height of manifold  902  can be about 68 millimeters at its largest. Purge valve opening  906  and hose opening  908  can be cylindrically shaped holes that are located across from each other in outer wall  916 . 
       FIGS. 22G-22J  show an example embodiment of a bottom seal  932  from a top view diagram  930   a,  side view diagram  930   b,  side cross-sectional diagram  930   c  and mockup  930   d.  As shown in the example embodiment, bottom seal  932  can include hollow central cylindrical hole  934  that is defined by a cylindrical wall  936 . Cylindrical wall  936  can include an upper portion  938  with a small exterior circumference and a lower portion with a larger exterior circumference. As shown in the example embodiment, a largest bottom seal  932  exterior circumference diameter can be 39 millimeters. 
       FIGS. 23A-23D  show an example embodiment of a puck glass  1002  side diagrams  1000   a,    1000   b,  bottom diagram  1000   c  and top diagram  1000   d.  As shown in the example embodiment, puck glass  1002  can have a design etched in its upper surface such that it provides ridges, light refraction through the glass or other functional features. As shown in the example embodiment, a largest puck glass circumference can be 154 millimeters, while the design can have a largest circumference of 140 millimeters. Puck glass  1002  can have about a five-millimeter thickness. 
       FIGS. 23E-23F  show example embodiments of puck glass  1002  side diagrams  1000   e,    1000   f.  As shown in the example embodiment, puck glass can have a thickness of 18 millimeters and can have chamfered edges or corners. Chamfers can be less than 0.5 millimeters in some embodiments and in various embodiments each surface of puck glass  1002  should be polished. In various other embodiments, chamfers can be different dimensions but generally they are 0.5 millimeters or less. 
       FIGS. 23G-231  show an example embodiment of a vessel gasket  1010  top view diagram  1000   g,  side view diagram  1000   h  and mockup  1000   i.  As shown in the example embodiment, vessel gasket  1010  can be disk shaped and can have a central hole with a diameter of about 22 millimeters and an outer diameter of about 42 millimeters. Vessel gasket can be about 3.18 millimeters thick. 
       FIG. 23J  shows an example embodiment image  1000   j  of a cover  1020  coupled with a base  1030 , ashtray  1040  and manifold  1050 . 
       FIGS. 23K-23N  show an example embodiment of a cover  1020  top view diagram  1000   k,  ash tray depression side view diagram  1000   l,  channel side cross-sectional diagram  1000   m  and cover mockup  1000   n.  As shown in the example embodiment cover  1020  can include a hole  1022 , channel  1024  and ash tray depression  1026 . Cover  1020  can have a width of about 380 millimeters and a length of about 537.4 millimeters. Hole  1022  can have a diameter of about 280 millimeters, channel  1024  can have a depth of about 5 millimeters and a width of about 14.09 millimeters and ash tray depression  1026  can have a diameter of about 91 millimeters and a radial depth of about 14 millimeters. 
     Channel  1024  can traverse an upper surface of cover  1020  in any direction including obliquely across a corner, as shown. Channel  1024  can be sized to about the same as a standard hose, such that when not in use or while users are resting, a hose body or grip can be conveniently placed in the channel and not fall. Further, in some embodiments channel  1024  can include surface features to increase frictions such as bumps, ridges or others, such that hoses are less likely to move. 
     Ash tray depression  1026  can provide a convenient location to ash coals or other combustible material. Ash tray depression  1026  can also provide a location for a removable ash tray to be located when in use. While ash tray depression  1026  is generally circular and partially spherical in the example embodiment, those in the art would understand that other shapes and cross sections can be used, such as square, rectangular, oval or others. 
     Purge Valve Subsection 
       FIGS. 24A-24D  show an example embodiment of a purge nipple  1101  side view diagram  1100   a,  side cross-sectional diagram  1100   b,  end diagram  1100   c  and mockup  1100   d.  As shown in the example embodiment, purge nipple  1101  can include a hollow cylindrical center  1102  that is surrounded by a wall  1103 . In some embodiments, a grommet can be fixed or removable within hollow cylindrical center  1102 . At least one interior ridge  1104  can provide a stopping point such that purge nipple  1101  can be coupled with intermediary or other components. Purge nipple  1101  can be about 34.9 millimeters long and have a diameter of 25 millimeters at its widest in some embodiments. Purge nipple  1101  can be an example embodiment of purge nipple  16  of  FIG. 3A . 
       FIGS. 24E-24G  show an example embodiment of a purge plate  1110  end view diagram  1110   e,  side diagram  1110   f  and mockup  1110   g.  As shown in the example embodiment, purge plate  1110  can include a hollow cylindrical center  1112  that is surrounded by one or more solid radial spokes  1114  that are separated by gaps  1113 . Purge plate  1110  can be about 1.9 millimeters thick and have a diameter of 22 millimeters at its widest in some embodiments. Purge plate  1110  can be an example embodiment of purge plate  17  of  FIG. 3A . 
       FIGS. 24H-24K  show an example embodiment of an umbrella valve  1140  from a side cross sectional view  1100   p,  side view  1100   q,  top view  1100   r  and mockup  1100   s.  While purge mechanisms are traditionally ball valves in water pipes, disclosed herein are umbrella valve purge components that provide advantages over the prior art. 
     As shown in the example embodiment, umbrella valve  1140  can include a stem  1142  that couples with other components of a valve assembly to maintain umbrella valve  1140  in position with the overall valve assembly. Umbrella valve  1140  can be maintained in place by stem  1142  in a bore or stem  1142  can be removed if necessary such that umbrella valve  1140  rests in place within the assembly. Umbrella valve  1140  can be generally disk shaped and may be slightly conical on one or both sides. It also can be polished in some embodiments. Umbrella valve  1140  can have a preload or may be standardized without a preload in various embodiments. As shown in the example embodiment, a preload can include a 0.2 millimeter maximum, while it can be customized in various other embodiments. This can be adjusted by 0.05 millimeters for various opening pressures. 
     In the example embodiment, umbrella valve has a diameter of 0.709 millimeters and has a height of 0.565 millimeters when attached to a stem length. In some embodiments, one or both sides of umbrella valve  1140  can have various surface features can exist that are circular, rounded, oval or shaped otherwise in order to provide different movement characteristics to umbrella valve  1140 . In some embodiments, providing few surface features with large surface area can promote a high flow while including multiple features that are smaller can promote a higher backward pressure resistance. 
       FIGS. 24L-24N  show an example embodiment of a purge cap  1120  end view diagram  1100   h,  side view diagram  1100   i  and mockup  1100   j.  As shown in the example embodiment, purge cap  1120  can include a solid center  1122  that is surrounded by one or more solid radial spokes  1124  that are separated by gaps  1123 . Purge cap  1120  can have a wall  1121  that defines a cylindrical empty chamber  1125 . Purge cap  1120  can have a wall length of about 12 millimeters and have a diameter of 28 millimeters at its widest in some embodiments. At least one interior ridge  1126  can provide a stopping point such that purge cap  1120  can be coupled with intermediary components. Purge cap  1120  can be an example embodiment of purge cap  19  of  FIG. 3A . 
       FIGS. 24O-24S  show an example embodiment of images of a purge cap  1100   k,  purge plate  1100   l,  purge cap and plate  1100   m,  purge nipple  1100   n  and purge cap and nipple sub-assembly  1100   o.    
     Tray Subsection 
       FIG. 25A  shows an example embodiment of a tray  1210  having an interior space  1220  coupled with a manifold  1201  in an image  1200   a  from a perspective view. 
       FIGS. 25B-25D  show an example embodiment of a tray  1210  from a top view diagram  1200   b,  bottom view diagram  1200   c  and mockup  1200   c.  As shown in the example embodiment, tray  1210  can include an interior space  1220  that is surrounded by one or more tray walls  1224  defining at least one interior compartments  1226 . Interior compartments  1226  can be uniquely shaped for storage of specific items and shaped generally for general or multipurpose use. Tray  1210  can have a manifold hole  1212  that defines a location for placing or coupling with a complementary sized manifold, dome or both. In some embodiments, there can also be seals to prevent manifolds, domes or both from moving with respect to tray  1210 . 
     Tray  1210  can have an overall length of about 525.40 millimeters and have an overall width of about 368 millimeters in some embodiments. One or more handle relief locations in exterior side walls, lower surfaces or combinations of both can allow for users to easily move and transport tray  1210  by hand. Mating depressions  1228  can be provided in upper surfaces of tray  1210  in order to allow users to mate complementary sized protrusions in a lower surface of a cover to provide stability. Additionally or alternatively, seals can be provided between a cover and tray  1210 . In some embodiments tray  1210  can be removably coupled with a cover using a latch or other component. Tray  1210  can be an example embodiment of base  20  of  FIG. 3A . 
     It should be understood that trays can be sized and shaped differently in different embodiments and may include additional or reduced features and functionality. For example, trays can be circular, oval shaped, triangular, square or other base shapes and can be three dimensionally shaped such as pyramids, s or others. Additionally, trays can be manufactured from one or a combination of various materials including wood, stone, plastic, metal, carbon fiber and others in different embodiments. 
       FIGS. 25E-25F  show an example embodiment of a tray  1210  from a lengthwise side diagram view  1200   e  and widthwise side diagram view  1200   f.  Tray  1210  can have an overall height of about 53 millimeters in some embodiments. As shown, one or more cutouts  1216  or holes can be provided in one or more walls of tray  1210  to allow hoses, purge manifolds or other components and assemblies to protrude out of the interior of tray  1210 . Cutouts  1216  can include sealing components in some embodiments. 
     In various embodiments, various surfaces and walls of trays and covers can include beverage holders, food holders, plate holders, drawers, cabinets, cupboards and numerous other compartments, chambers and special or general-purpose surfaces. 
       FIG. 25G-25K  show an example embodiment of an ash tray  1230  from a side diagram view  1200   j,  side-cross sectional diagram view  1200   k,  top diagram view  1200   g,  bottom diagram view  1200   h  and mockup  1200   i.  In many embodiments, ash trays  1230  can be removable for cleaning. As shown in the example embodiment ash tray can be 89 millimeters in diameter at its widest and 5 millimeters thick or tall. A ridged area  1232  can serve several purposes including gripping for movement, elevation for providing improved airflow and support for items placed on it and others. Ash tray  1230  can be an example embodiment of ash tray  24  of  FIG. 3A . 
     Purge Cycle Operation 
       FIG. 26A  shows an example embodiment a side cross-sectional diagram view  1300   a  of a domed water pipe  1302  with supporting tray  1304 . As shown in the example embodiment, a tray can support a manifold  1306  having a hose attachment  1308  and space for a light  1316  located below an inner vessel  1312 . Inner vessel  1312  can be used to contain a liquid chamber  1318  and an outer vessel  1314  can be placed over and around inner vessel  1314  to create a smoke chamber  1320 . An aerator  1322  can be located at a distal end of a downstem  1324 , such that it is at least partially submerged in liquid in liquid chamber  1318  when in use or prepared for use. Downstem  1324  can extend through holes in the upper surfaces of inner vessel  1312  and outer vessel  1314  and can include one or more purge valves  1326  located near its proximal end and at least partially above the upper hole in outer vessel  1314 . Downstem  1324  can terminate in a bowl  1330  at its proximal end with one or more chambers for holding shisha  1328  or other organic material for smoking. Charcoal  1332  can be placed above shisha  1328  in order to heat it and can be covered by a cap  1334  in use, such that airflow can be regulated effectively. 
       FIG. 26B  shows an example embodiment of a side cross-sectional diagram view of a domed water pipe  1302  with supporting tray  1304  including an intake airflow cycle  1300   b.  As shown in the example embodiment, during intake airflow cycle  1300   b,  a user can draw air through a hose attachment  1308 . This causes air to travel through cap  1334  and around charcoal  1332 . This air can then travel passed shisha  1328 , which is being heated by charcoal  1332  within bowl  1330 . Airflow continues through downstem  1324  and is initially cleaned in aerator  1322 . Once inside liquid chamber  1318 , the airflow is further cleansed by liquid contained therein. Airflow bubbles within liquid chamber and exits through the hole in the upper surface of inner vessel  1312  into the smoke chamber  1320  made between inner vessel  1312  and outer vessel  1314 . This allows the air to be cooled by both the large surface area of the interior of outer vessel  1314  and the surface area inner vessel  1312 , especially when liquid within liquid chamber  1318  is cool. Airflow then continues through gaps between manifold and smoke chamber  1320 , through the hose attachment  1308 , hose (not pictured) and into the user&#39;s lungs for enjoyment. 
       FIG. 26C  shows an example embodiment of a side cross-sectional diagram view  1300   c  domed water pipe  1302  with supporting tray  1304  including a first purge airflow cycle.  1300   c.  As shown in the example embodiment, purge airflow cycle  1300   c,  a user can push air through a hose attachment  1308 . This causes air to travel through manifold  1306  and into smoke chamber  1320 . Once in smoke chamber, airflow continues through the one or more purge valves  1326  that is coupled or part of downstem  1324  before exiting the domed water pipe  1302 . The operation of purge airflow cycle  1300   c  allows users to purge smoke chamber  1320  of overly heated or stale smoke that may remain within domed water pipe  1302 . 
       FIG. 26D  shows an example embodiment of a side cross-sectional diagram view domed water pipe  1302  head purge detail  1300   d.  As shown in the example embodiment, when one or more purge valve  1326  are coupled with or part of a downstem  1324 , they can have multiple positions including closed  1326   a  and open  1326   b.  In operation, closed purge valves  1326  can operate by gravity or other mechanisms such that they close purge channels  1336 . Then, in operation during a purge cycle, open purge valves  1326   b  can allow airflow to escape in a gap between bowls  1330  and one or more portions of an outer vessel  1314 , here an outwardly flared upper cap area. 
       FIG. 26E  shows an example embodiment of a side cross-sectional diagram view of domed water pipe  1302  with supporting tray  1304  including a second purge airflow cycle  1300   e.  As shown in the example embodiment, purge airflow cycle  1300   c,  a user can push air through a hose attachment  1308 . This causes air to travel through manifold  1306  and into smoke chamber  1320 . Once in smoke chamber, airflow continues through one or more purge valves  1326  in tray  1304  and coupled directly with manifold  1306  before exiting the domed water pipe  1302 . The operation of purge airflow cycle  1300   c  allows users to purge smoke chamber  1320  of overly heated or stale smoke that may remain within domed water pipe  1302 . 
       FIG. 27A  shows an example embodiment of a domed water pipe assembly  1400   a  including a manifold  1402  with coupled purge valve  1404  and coupled main seal  1406 . Also shown are outer chamber  1408 , inner chamber  1410 , downstem  1412 , aerator  1414  and bowl  1416 . 
       FIGS. 27B-27C  show an example embodiment of a domed water pipe assembly  1400   b,    1400   c  including a manifold  1402  with coupled purge valve  1404  and coupled main seal  1406 . Also shown are outer chamber  1408 , inner chamber  1410 , downstem  1412 , aerator  1414  and bowl  1416  with coupled cap  1418 . Inner chamber  1410  is shown as containing liquid  1420  and a lighting element  1422  can be seen through chambers  1408 ,  1410 , as housed within manifold  1402  and below inner chamber  1408 . Also shown is a hose  1424  coupled with manifold  1402 . 
       FIGS. 27D-27E  show an example embodiment of a domed water pipe assembly  1400   d,    1400   e,  including a manifold  1402  with coupled purge valve  1404  and coupled main seal  1406 . Also shown are outer chamber  1408 , inner chamber  1410  and bowl  1416  with coupled cap  1418 . Inner chamber  1410  is shown as containing liquid  1420  and smoke is shown between inner chamber  1410  and outer chamber  1408 . 
       FIGS. 28A-28Z  show example embodiments of platforms where like numbered elements correspond between the figures in their generally functionality. For example, a platform  1520   a  of  FIGS. 28A-28B  corresponds generally with a platform  1520   c  of  FIGS. 28E-28F . 
       FIGS. 28A-28D  show an example embodiment of a grinder platform setup.  FIGS. 28E-28H  show an example embodiment of a spiral platform setup.  FIGS. 28I-28L  show an example embodiment of a rose platform setup.  FIG. 28M-28Q  show an example embodiment of a rose platform setup.  FIG. 28R-28V  show an example embodiment of another rose platform setup.  FIG. 28W-28X  show an example embodiment of a wall platform setup. 
       FIGS. 28A-28B  show an example embodiment of a platform  1520  from a top view  1500   a  and side perspective view  1500   b.  As shown in  FIGS. 28A-28B , platform  1520  preferably comprises a recessed tray  1522  for containing a heating source. In the example embodiment, a raised surface  1523  can provide a slight elevation over a normal tray (not shown) or recessed tray  522  for charcoal or other heating elements to promote airflow below them. In  FIGS. 28A-28B, 28E-28F, and 28W-28X  these are chevron shaped and as shown are in concentric rings whereby those in the inner ring are smaller and offset from those in the outer ring. In  FIGS. 28M, 28O and 28S-28T  these are rounded rectangular shaped about a central focal point and as shown are in concentric rings whereby those in the inner ring are smaller and offset from those in the outer ring. As shown in bottom view diagram  1500   r  of  FIG. 28R , spiral and other ridge features can be included on a bottom surface of platform  1520  to provide airflow management in various embodiments. 
     The platform  1520  also preferably comprises a plurality of perimeter bowl vents  1524  for permitting airflow between a heating chamber and a bowl while in operation. As shown, eight perimeter bowl vents  1524  may be used although other numbers of perimeter bowl vents  1524  are also contemplated. The platform  1520  also preferably comprises a plurality of perimeter vertical protrusions  1530  that mate with corresponding protrusions  1544  of a cap to form adjustable side vents  1526  for controlling the airflow between the exterior atmosphere and the heating chamber. In various embodiments, this mating may occur using screws and threading. As shown in the example embodiment, platform  1520  can have a radius of about 37.25 millimeters. 
     As a cap  1540  is rotated relative to the platform  1520 , for instance by rotating cap  1540  using a rim  1590 , respective protrusions  1530  and spaces therebetween (i.e. the formed circumferential vents  1526 ) may transition between fully open, partially open and fully closed with respect to adjustable side vents  1560 . In this manner, airflow to the heating chamber may be controlled. In some embodiments, the cap  1540  may further comprise additional upper vents  1572 , which may or may not be adjustable in different embodiments. Perimeter bowl vents  1524  may have differing dimensions in various embodiments. 
     Platform  1520  may be comprised of aluminum, copper, steel, or any other material that is suitable for this purpose. Similarly, cap  1540  may be comprised of aluminum, copper, steel, or any other material that is suitable for this purpose. 
     Recessed tray  1522  may include walls  1528  which are flared inward from their upper edges. Walls  1528  may prevent coals or other heating elements from sliding or otherwise moving around within heating chamber  1570  during adjustment by users. The inward flare of walls  1528  may further promote airflow within heating chamber  1570  by channeling air toward the heating elements. In the example embodiment, recessed tray  1522  has a star configuration with eight points. Other embodiments may incorporate other shapes without departing from the scope of the invention. It has been discovered, however that the eight-pointed star configuration provides benefits over other shapes, including benefits of even heating and air flow, particularly when combined with the multi-chambered bowl described herein. 
     Circumferential vents  1526  may comprise alternating spaces between vertical protrusions  1530 . The inner surface  1532  of each vertical protrusion  1530  may create a substantially “V” shape with the point directed inward, toward the center of heating chamber  1570  from the circumferential vents  1526  on either side of the vertical protrusion. Accordingly, air may be channeled toward heating elements on recessed tray  1522 . Additionally, the point of each “V” may correspond with each star point of recessed tray  1522 . It has been discovered that embodiments utilizing such an arrangement benefit from the created air channels which may promote circulation within heating chamber  1570  and promote even heating of the coals or other heating elements during use. 
     Perimeter bowl vents  1524  may be diamond shaped holes allowing airflow from the interior of heating chamber  1570  into a bowl. Each perimeter bowl vent  1524  is preferably located near, such as directly in front of, a circumferential vent  1526 . This may promote a mixture of cool air from the exterior of the cap  1540  with heated air from the interior of heating chamber  1570  such that during inhalation by a user, strictly heated air is not the only air being pulled through the water pipe. An upper surface of plate  1520  can be a recessed holder to provide stability for a coal, such that the coal will not slide or fall off the upper surface of the plate by accident, as may occur if a user accidentally bumps the water pipe. The recessed holder can also have angled interior surfaces so as to direct airflow around and to and from a coal. The recessed holder can have a uniform flat bottom surface to promote uniform heating of tobacco, or other organic material, below the plate. The upper surface of the plate can have openings around the recessed holder to provide airflow to underlying tobacco, or other organic material, when the plate  1520  is placed atop a head. 
     Rim  1590  may be an outward extension of cap  540  from a central axis that allows users to rotate cap  1540  with respect to platform  1522 . This may allow for different configurations of adjustable side vents  1560  with respect to circumferential vents  1526 , allowing a user to control air flows into and out of heating chamber  1570 . Rim  1590  is shown as a series of pointed extensions, attaching to cap  1540  at protrusions  1544 . In some embodiments, rim may be insulated such that it may be handled by hand. Although rim  1590  is shown as circumferentially surrounding cap  1540 , it should be understood that it may only protrude outward in a single location, in a plurality of locations, or in partial circumferential areas. 
     A user can place or otherwise couple a platform  1522  on a rim of a bowl filled with tobacco, shisha or other organic matter already prepared as described above. Then a user can place coals or other combustible material on platform  1522 . Once the coals or other combustible material are in place, they can be heated by a heat source, for example a match or lighter, before a user places or otherwise couples a ventilated cap  1540  on platform  1522 . 
     A cap can be a ventilated cover for protecting a coal from undesired wind. In some embodiments, the ventilated cover can be monolithic and has air vents at regular intervals around an upper circumference. Air vents can also be provided around a lower circumference of the cover. An outer structure can provide a cool handling location for grabbing, adjusting, or moving the cover, even with a lit, hot coal underneath. 
       FIGS. 29A-29P  illustrate example embodiments of a ventilated cover  1540   a - 1540   t  for use in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention. The ventilated cover  1540  can include upper holes  1572  of varying sizes and shapes including diamonds, triangles and others, side ventilation holes  1560  and a rim  1590  for adjusting an orientation of cover  1540 . 
     In some embodiments, the ventilated cover can be an adjustable structure with inner and outer sections. In such embodiments, inner and outer sections can be rotated with respect to each other in order to adjust the size of the air vents. This allows a user to customize the size of the air vents in varying environmental conditions, such as windy, still, indoor, or outdoor. Keys can also allow users to adjust ventilation covers. Additional description of the features and operation of similar covers is given in the patent and applications incorporated by reference in the cross-references herein. 
     Tongs with Spring Mechanism 
       FIGS. 30A-30C  show an example embodiment of tongs  1601  for use with a selectively grasping a heating element from a top view,  1600   a,  side view  1600   b  and perspective view  1600   c.  As shown, tongs  1601  can be mechanized with a spring mechanism that biases them in one direction or another. Tongs can be about 180 millimeters long and 26 millimeters tall in general and about 53 millimeters wide in an open orientation. 
       FIG. 30D  shows an example embodiment of an exploded diagram  1600   d  of tongs  1601 , that can include a top cap  1602  over a low-profile flathead bolt  1604  that is threaded  1606 , and fits through a small washer  1608  and into a first tong arm  1610 . A wave spring  1612  and torsion spring  1614  within a compartment in tong arm  1610  one can be coupled with a complementary compartment in tong arm two  1616 . Tong arm one  1610  can be oriented such that a rounded end near an elbow faces toward a similar shaped curvature of a second tong arm  1616 . A base cap  1618  can have a threaded end  1620  that fits through a hole in one or both tong arms. Tong arm one and tong arm two can thus be biased in an open or closed position from each other. One or both tong arms  1610 ,  1616  can also have openings near their terminus  1622 ,  1624  respectively, such that they allow heat to pass through the openings. Additionally, one or more materials can be used to construct or manufacture tong arms. Tong components can be made of one or more materials, including combinations of stone handles, metal tips, wood, glass and others as appropriate. 
       FIGS. 30E-30F  show shows an example embodiment of a cross sectional view  1600   e  and feature diagram  1600   f  of tongs  1601 . 
       FIGS. 31A-31C  show an example embodiment of a puck  1701  from a top view  1700   a,  side view  1700   b  and perspective view  1700   c.  As shown in the example embodiment, puck  1701  can include an internal, generally cylindrical space  1702  for electronic components that measures about 150 millimeters in diameter by about 15.25 millimeters in height that is defined by a wall  1703  and that can be sealed by a glass sheet  1704 . Puck  1701  can be about 28.2 millimeters in height, about 195.82 millimeters across a top diameter and about 150.79 millimeters across an internal bottom diameter. 
       FIGS. 31D-31F  show an example embodiment of a puck  1701  from a perspective view  1700   d,  side cross sectional view  1700   e  and perspective cross sectional view  1700   f.  As shown in the example embodiment, an LED strip area  1705  can be about 4 millimeters by 2 millimeters around an internal circumference within cylindrical space  1702 . A reflective glass  1706  that is about 1 millimeter thick can be located parallel to and below glass sheet  1704 , which can be transparent or opaque, in an area about 15.26 millimeters tall. Reflective glass  1706  can be about 150.35 millimeters in diameter in some embodiments. Walls  1703  can be silicone and can house a pressure sensor  1707  below reflective glass  1706  that can sense pressure on a side or bottom of puck  1701 . 
       FIGS. 31G-31K  show an example embodiment of a puck from a top view  1700   g,  side view  1700   h,  side cross sectional view  1700   i,  cross sectional detail  1700   j  and mockup  1700   k.  As shown in the example embodiment, a puck can be about 177.93 millimeters in diameter at its widest and about 19.96 millimeters tall when fully assembled. A ridge  1711  around part or all of an outer circumference of puck  1701  can allow it to be coupled in a fixed location within a manifold, gasket or other location for use. 
       FIGS. 31L-31N  show an example embodiment of a puck rim  1708  from a top view  1700   l,  cross sectional detail view  1700   m  and mockup  1700   n.  A ridge  1713  around part or all of an outer circumference of puck rim  1708  can allow it to be coupled in a fixed location within a manifold, gasket or other location for use or to be coupled with a puck body  1703 . 
       FIGS. 31O-31P  show an example embodiment of a puck rim  1708  from a side view  1700   o  and from a side cross sectional view  1700   p.    
       FIGS. 31Q-31S  show an example embodiment of pressure sensor membranes  1700   q,  silicone rim  1700   r  and cross-sectional view  1700   s  of circuit board  1709  and battery  1710 . 
       FIGS. 31T-31U  show an example embodiment of an LED panel  1700   t  and LED strip  1700   u.  It should be understood that in various embodiments, different LED lighting setups can be used and can be controlled in different fashions. For example, multiple controllers, can be used to control multiple sets of LEDs independently of each other. LED arrangements can include flat surface arrangements facing upward, individual LEDs located in specific locations and various others. In some embodiments, LEDs or other display panels are operable to display images and holograms. 
       FIGS. 32A-32C  show example embodiments of a user interface application color selection  1800   a,  application icon  1800   b  and interface  1800   c.  As shown in the example embodiment  1800   a,  users can select from one of a variety of colors and color schemes for their user interface experience. As shown in the example embodiment  1800   b,  users can be presented with different icons based on the operating system they are using. As shown in the example embodiment  1800   c,  users can select an appropriate icon to begin using their application. 
       FIGS. 32D-32F  show example embodiments of a user interface application welcome screen  1800   d,  application introduction screen  1800   e  and login  1800   f.  As shown in the example embodiment  1800   d,  users can see a logo or other welcoming message upon loading the application. As shown in the example embodiment  1800   e,  users can see an introduction background and message after a welcome screen. As shown in the example embodiment  1800   f,  users can enter a username and password or sign up for an account at a login screen, which can then be authenticated via a local or remotely stored database, for instance on a server via a computer network. 
       FIGS. 32G-32I  show example embodiments of a user interface login entry  1800   g,  device searching  1800   h  and pairing introduction  1800   i.  As shown in the example embodiment  1800   g,  a user can enter credentials such as a username and password via a user interface such as a touchscreen. As shown in the example embodiment  1800   h,  a user can select a search for local devices option to search for devices with which to couple their control device. As shown in the example embodiment  1800   i,  a user can select a device connectivity for their control device in order to search for devices. 
       FIGS. 32J-32L  show example embodiments of a user interface pairing selection  1800   j,  pairing confirmation  1800   k  and mood selection  1800   l.  As shown in the example embodiment  1800   j,  users can select a device from a list of locally located devices for pairing with the control device. As shown in the example embodiment  1800   k,  the control device can display a paired device after pairing with the control device. As shown in the example embodiment  1800   l,  users can select a mood from a listing of one or more moods in order to control the paired device lighting output. 
       FIGS. 32M-32O  show example embodiments of a user interface mood brightness selection  1800   m,  mood sensitivity  1800   n  and mood theme  1800   o.  As shown in the example embodiment  1800   m,  users can selectively choose a brightness level for lighting of a paired device via a scroll wheel or other selection. As shown in the example embodiment  1800   n,  users can selectively choose a sensitivity level for changing lighting of a paired device via a scroll wheel or other selection. As shown in the example embodiment  1800   o,  users can select a theme, here “Aurora.” 
       FIGS. 32P-32R  show example embodiments of a user interface mood pairing  1800   p,  mood  1800   q  and mood  1800   r.  As shown in the example embodiment  1800   p,  users can view a paired device and theme selection for the paired device. As shown in the example embodiment  1800   q,  users can change a paired device theme, here “Aurora.” As shown in the example embodiment  1800   r,  users can preview a different theme for the paired device, here “Frost.” 
       FIGS. 32S-32U  show example embodiments of a user interface mood description  1800   s,  mood description  1800   t  and interface  1800   u.  As shown in the example embodiment  1800   s,  users can view multiple pairable devices via a user interface screen, including pairing status. As shown in the example embodiment  1800   t,  users can view multiple pairable devices via a user interface screen, including pairing status that has been selectively changed or updated. As shown in the example embodiment  1800   u,  users can view different application options including community, devices, store, story and account or others. 
       FIGS. 32V-32X  show example embodiments of a user description  1800   v,  description  1800   w  and settings selection  1800   x.  As shown in the example embodiment  1800   v,  users can view and scroll through articles. As shown in the example embodiment  1800   w,  users can read and scroll through a story. As shown in the example embodiment  1800   x,  users can select and modify settings for applications, paired devices and accounts. 
       FIG. 32Y  shows an example embodiment of a user interface product description  1800   y.  As shown in the example embodiment  1800   y,  users can view device specific information. 
       FIG. 33A  is an example embodiment of a basic network setup. As shown in  FIG. 33A , a server system  1800   aa  with multiple servers  1802  and  1804  which can include applications distributed on one or more physical servers, each having one or more processors, memory banks, operating systems, input/output interfaces, and network interfaces, all known in the art, and a plurality of end user devices  1806 ,  1808  coupled to a network  1810  such as a public network (e.g. the Internet and/or a cellular-based wireless network, or other network), private network or both. User devices include for example mobile devices  1806  (e.g. smartphones, tablets, or others) desktop or laptop devices  1808 , wearable devices (e.g. watches, bracelets, glasses, etc.), other devices with computing capability and network interfaces and so on. The server system  1800   aa  includes for example servers operable to interface with websites, webpages, web applications, social media platforms, advertising platforms, and others. 
       FIG. 33B  is an example embodiment of a network connected server system  1802 . As shown in  FIG. 33B , a server system  1802  according to an embodiment of the invention including at least one user device interface  1830  implemented with technology known in the art for communication with user devices. The server system can also include at least one web application server system interface  1840  for communication with web applications, websites, webpages, websites, social media platforms, and others. The server system  1802  can further include an application program interface (API)  1820  that is coupled to a database  1812  and can communicate with interfaces such as the user device interface  1830  and web application server system interface  1840 , or others. The API  1820  can instruct the database  1812  to store (and retrieve from the database) information such as link or URL information, user account information, associated account information, messaging information, themes information, device information or others as appropriate. The database  1812  can be implemented with technology known in the art such as relational databases and/or object-oriented databases or others. 
       FIG. 33C  is an example embodiment of a user device. As shown in  FIG. 33C , a diagram of a user mobile device  1806  according to an embodiment of the invention that includes a network connected puck control application  1814  that is installed in, pushed to, or downloaded to the user mobile device  1806 . In many embodiments, user mobile devices  1806  are touch screen devices such as smart phones or tablets. User mobile devices  1806  are implemented with memory, processors, communications links, transmitter/receivers, power supplies such as batteries, interfaces such as screens displaying GUI&#39;s, buttons, touchpads, software stored in memory and executed by processors, audio input and output components, video input and output components, and others. Software can include computer readable instructions stored on computer readable media such as computer memory. 
     Those in the art will understand that the user interface screens  1800   a - 1800   y  in  FIGS. 32A-32I  can be visually displayed by user interfaces of the user mobile device  1806  and navigated by analyzing user inputs and executing appropriate instructions stored in non-transitory memory. Puck control application  1814  can include various additional functionality, including allowing users to synchronize music, sounds, video, or holographic images with lighting and projections provided by a lighting puck. This can be accomplished by transmitting instructions to a puck device that is paired with the user mobile device using wireless or wired technological pairing as known in the art or later developed. This information can be received by the puck device via a transmitter/receiver over a protocol as known or later developed, such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or others. 
       FIGS. 34A-34C  show example embodiments of lighting functionality. As shown in the example embodiments, numerous lighting schemes are contemplated that can be used with regard to one or more lighting pucks, for example in  FIGS. 35A-35G , controllable by an application as described with respect to  FIGS. 32A-32Y and 33A-33C  or both. 
     A first lighting scheme called Aurora can include a slowly transitioning light color base that changes or transitions about once every 7 seconds. This can allow for randomly appearing details that may activate three adjacent or nearly adjacent LED lights for each detail. Details can occur at the same time, for instance three details may occur at once. Fade in and fade out effects can be used and may take a period of time to occur, for example three seconds. Detail colors can be selected at random. Changes in air pressure as sensed by a pressure sensor can increase detail frequency. For example, fade in and fade out may occur more quickly, in one second intervals. Details may be limited to three at a time or another number as appropriate. A base spectrum may be all available colors and a detail spectrum may be all available colors in Aurora embodiments. 
     A second lighting scheme called Fathom can include a slowly transitioning light color base that changes or transitions about once every 7 seconds. This can allow for randomly appearing details that may activate three adjacent or nearly adjacent LED lights for each detail. Details can occur at the same time, for instance three details may occur at once. Fade in and fade out effects can be used and may take a period of time to occur, for example three seconds. Detail colors can be selected at random from a fixed color scheme. Changes in air pressure as sensed by a pressure sensor can increase detail frequency. For example, fade in and fade out may occur more quickly, in one second intervals. Details may be limited to three at a time or another number as appropriate. A base spectrum may be dark blues, teals, purples and blues and a detail spectrum may include whites or light blues in Fathom embodiments. Dark blues can be HSB 205, 75, 40; RGB 25, 70, 100. Teals can be HSB 180, 100, 75; RGB 0, 190, 190. Purples can be HSB 240, 65, 75; RGB 65, 65, 190. Blues can be HSB 240, 100, 75; RGB 0, 0, 190. Whites can be HSB 0, 0, 100; RGB 255, 255, 255. Light blues can be HSB 180, 100, 100; RGB 0, 255, 255. 
     A third lighting scheme called Rise can include a slowly transitioning light color base that changes or transitions about once every 7 seconds. This can allow for randomly appearing details that may activate three adjacent or nearly adjacent LED lights for each detail. Details can appear randomly in the arrays that may activate three adjacent or nearly adjacent LED lights for each detail. Details can occur at the same time, for instance three details may occur at once. Fade in and fade out effects can be used and may take a period of time to occur, for example three seconds. Detail colors can be selected at random. Changes in air pressure as sensed by a pressure sensor can make base colors change to blue with a number (e.g. three) of randomly selected LED&#39;s appearing yellow at different times. Fade in and fade out may occur more quickly, in one second intervals. Details may be limited to three at a time or another number as appropriate and may occur every one second. A base spectrum may be golds, red oranges, purples and blues and a detail spectrum may include yellows in Rise embodiments. Golds can be HSB 35, 100, 75; RGB 190, 110, 0. Red Orange can be HSB 20, 85, 70; RGB 180, 75, 25. Purples can be HSB 255, 60, 40; RGB 55, 40, 100. Blues can be HSB 230, 70, 75; RGB 55, 80, 180. Yellows can be HSB 60, 100, 100; RGB 255, 255, 0. Air pressure changes can cause blue bases with yellow details, where blue bases can be HSB 0, 100, 100; RGB 255, 255, 255 and yellows be HSB 60, 100, 100; RGB 255, 255, 0. 
     A fourth lighting scheme called Ember can include a slowly transitioning light color base that changes, rotates or transitions about once revolution every 30 seconds. This can include red, black, orange, black, yellow, black, red rotating. Brighter details can appear randomly in the arrays that may activate three adjacent or nearly adjacent LED lights for each detail. Details can occur at the same time, for instance three details may occur at once. Fade in and fade out effects can be used and may take a period of time to occur, for example half of a second. Detail colors can be selected at random from a fixed selection of colors. Changes in air pressure as sensed by a pressure sensor can make base colors change to blue with a number (e.g. three) of randomly selected LED&#39;s appearing different colors at different times. Fade in and fade out may occur every three seconds. Details may be limited to three at a time or another number as appropriate and may occur every three seconds. A base spectrum may be reds, oranges, blacks and yellows and a detail spectrum may include bright oranges, bright yellow oranges and bright yellows in Ember embodiments. Oranges can be HSB 20, 85, 75; RGB 190, 80, 30. Reds can be HSB 10, 90, 50; RGB 130, 30, 15. Blacks can be HSB 0, 0, 0; RGB 0, 0, 0. Yellows can be HSB 45, 80, 90; RGB 230, 185, 50. Bright Yellows can be HSB 180, 100, 100; RGB 0, 255, 255. Bright Oranges can be HSB 0, 0, 100; RGB 255, 255, 255. Bright Yellow Oranges can be HSB 180, 100, 100; RGB 0, 255, 255. 
     A fifth lighting scheme called Clarity can include a slowly transitioning light color base that changes or transitions about once every 7 seconds from blue to golden yellow. Changes in air pressure as sensed by a pressure sensor can change a color to white, where increased air pressure change causes brightness to increase. A base spectrum may be blues and yellows and a detail spectrum may include whites in Clarity embodiments. Blues can be HSB 196, 100, 93; RGB 0, 175, 240. Yellows can be HSB 45, 85, 100; RGB 255, 200, 40. Whites can be HSB 0, 100, 100; RGB 255, 255, 255. 
     A sixth lighting scheme called Serenity can include a slowly transitioning red color base that changes or transitions about once every 7 seconds to different shades. Changes in air pressure as sensed by a pressure sensor can cause colors to blend together and rotate radially around the ring of about once every three seconds or alternatively change the color to purple, where increased air pressure change causes brightness to increase. A base spectrum may be maroons, reds and purples and a detail spectrum may include whites in Serenity embodiments. Maroons can be HSB 345, 90, 45; RGB 115, 10, 35. Reds can be HSB 355, 90, 75; RGB 190, 20, 35. Purples can be HSB 300, 100, 40; RGB 100, 0, 100. Whites can be HSB 0, 100, 100; RGB  255 ,  255 ,  255 . 
     Various other lighting schemes are contemplated and many different effects can be used including flashes, fades and others. 
       FIG. 35A  shows an example embodiment of an LED Puck  2001  full assembly diagram  2000   a  from a perspective view. 
       FIG. 35B  shows an example embodiment of an LED Puck  2001  assembly exploded diagram  2000   b  and partial assembly diagram  2000   c  from a perspective view. As shown in the example embodiment, a tear away bumper  2020  can be used to hold or otherwise couple a glass cover  2030  in place within or above a puck body  2002 . Glass layer  2030  can be glass that is etched or not etched. Similarly, it could also be any transparent or transparent material operable to serve the purpose of allowing lighting through. An opaque or reflective material layer  2010  can be located below glass cover  2030  and can seal an inner chamber area within puck body  2002 . This layer  2010  can help to deflect or reflect light upward that is emitted by LED&#39;s or back reflected downward through a glass chamber or water within the chamber in use. Puck body  2002  is generally disk shaped and includes a hollow internal chamber for housing electronics include a PCB location area  2004  and battery placement area  2006 . These areas may or may not have internal walls or other structures to rigidly define and hold components. 
     Etched glass layer  2030  can have a thickness that is generally about as wide as an LED strip  2010 . LED strip  2010  has a length that is generally about equal to a circumference of glass layer  2030 . As such, LED strip  2010  can be wrapped around and coupled with the edge of glass layer  2030 , for instance using an adhesive, as shown in diagram  2000   c.  Power and operation control for one or more LED&#39;s housed in or on LED strip  2010  can be provided by wiring that is coupled with one or both of a battery housed in battery placement area  2006  and a PCB held in PCB location area  2004 . 
       FIG. 35C  shows an example embodiment of an LED Puck  2001  partial assembly exploded diagram  2000   d  and full assembly diagram from a perspective view  2000   e  and full assembly diagram from a side view  2000   f  and bottom perspective view  2000   g.  Glass layer  2030  and LED strip  2010  can be placed in a channel within puck body  2002 , above layer  2040 , which is located above internal electronics. Tear away bumper  2020  can then be coupled with a rim of puck body  2002 , for example an upper, exterior or interior surface of body  2002  using adhesives, latches, gaskets or other operable mechanisms or components suitable for the purpose of affixing bumper  2020  with body  2002 . As shown in the example embodiment, one or more airflow channels  2008  can allow air pressure to be sensed or transferred from a manifold exterior to a base area below the LED puck body  2002 . These channels can be placed at regular or irregular intervals around the puck body  2002 . 
     As shown in the example embodiment, a hole in the bottom of puck body  2002  can allow a pressure sensor within body  2002  to be in fluid communication with the air outside body  2002 . As such, an appropriate pressure sensor that monitors ambient air pressure for changes can detect air pressure changes. This pressure sensor can be mounted to the bottom of a PCB housed within body  2002 . Further, the PCB can be rated at a lower IPX rating such that it is not required to be waterproof. Monitoring the pressure of humid air including smoke provides that in the example embodiment, only the pressure sensor is exposed, while the remainder of the PCB is housed safely above the pressure sensor within body  2002  while being protected from the humidity and smoke. Also, shown in the example embodiment are a power button  2003  and a battery charging port  2005 , in this embodiment a microUSB port. In some embodiments, different sensors are used including motion sensors, noise sensors, lighting sensors and others. Some embodiments of pucks include speakers for playing audio sounds. In some embodiments pucks include additional non-transitory memory coupled with PCB&#39;s and associated controllers. 
       FIGS. 36A-36C  show an example embodiment of an upward purge valve assembly overview first step  2100   a,  second step  2100   b  and third step  2100   c.  As shown in the example embodiment a head  2102 , upward purge valve  2104  and downstem  2106  with one or more purge airways  2105  may be coupled together. First upward purge valve  2104  can be coupled with downstem  2106  to form upward purge subassembly  2108 . In this step, upper purge airways  2105  are covered by upward purge valve  2104 . Next, subassembly  2108  is coupled with head  2102  to form full upward purge assembly  2110 . Full upward purge assembly  2110  has a housing with airways  2105  that lead upward and outward with respect to downstem  2106 . 
       FIG. 36D  shows an airflow diagram  2100   d  through a full upward purge assembly  2110 . As shown in the example embodiment, on an inhale or draw by a user, air is pulled down through a centralized hole and pathway through bowl  2102  and downstem  2106  into water  2112  held in a chamber  2114  defined by a wall  2116 . Upon exhale or purging, air is pushed into the chamber through a hose (not shown) where it can then enter one or more airways  2105  where it pushes up the upward purge valve  2104  which is otherwise sealed by gravity or inward air pressure during inhalation. It should be understood that wall  2116  and upward purge assembly  2110  form a substantially airtight seal such that air does not readily escape on its own. 
       FIGS. 37A-37B  show an example embodiment of a heat management device domed lid  4101 , base plate  4601 , and key arm  4301  and key cap  4302  from a perspective view in two orientations. Further description of embodiments of domed lid  4101  is given with respect to at least  FIGS. 18G-18I, 26A-26C, 29A-29P, 38A-38B, 41A-41H, and 42A-42E . Further description of embodiments of base plate  4601  is given with respect to at least  FIGS. 18G-18I, 26A-26C, 28A-28Z, 46A-46K, 47A-47G, 48A-48G, 49A-49G, 50A-50F, 50A-50G, 51A-51G, 52A - 52 G,  53 A- 53 G, and  54 A- 54 G. Further description embodiments of key arm  4301  is given with respect to at least  FIGS. 40A-40B and 43A-43E . Further description embodiments of key cap  4401  is given with respect to at least  FIGS. 40A-40B and 44A-44E . 
     As shown in the example embodiments of  FIGS. 37A-37B , domed lid  4101  (also referred to herein as a ventilated cover) can be movably coupled with base plate  4601  by placing it on or over base plate  4601 . In a coupled orientation, an interior wall of domed lid  4101  rests on or against one or more upper edges of base plate  4601  structures. Domed lid  4101  is shaped such that its lower section is located circumferentially around at least a portion of one or more outward facing surfaces of one or more walls of base plate  4601 . In such an orientation, domed lid  4101  can be rotated about a central vertical axis to change orientations with respect to base plate  4601 , thereby changing or modifying airflow through vents of one or both its own vents and those of base plate  4601 . Domed lid  4101  can be removed from base plate  4601  in order to add, change, or remove heating elements from a surface of base plate  4601 . 
     Also shown in the example embodiments, are coupled key arm  4301  and key cap  4401 . These structures can first be coupled to each other by inserting key cap  4401  into an opening of key arm  4301  at its proximal end and pushing a portion of key arm  4301  into a channel in the side of key cap  4401 , which is described in further detail with respect to  FIGS. 40A-40B, 43A-43E, and 44A-44E . Once key arm  4301  and key cap  4401  have been coupled together, users can hold the coupled portion at the proximal end and removably couple a distal end of key arm  4301  with one or more components or structures of domed lid  4101 . This can allow users to rotate or otherwise modify the orientation of domed lid  4101  with respect to base plate  4601 , or remove it altogether. 
     In a first orientation  3700   a  that is shown in  FIG. 37A , a distal end of key arm  4301  has been inserted in a side vent  4103  of domed lid  4101  located above a circumferential rim  4105  of domed lid  4101 . This can be achieved in various embodiments with an insertion angle of a distal end of key arm  4301  that is somewhat downward, toward a horizontal plane. At least a portion of the distal end of key arm  4301  is sized such that it fits within side vent  4103  with relative ease when inserted. 
     In a second orientation  3700   b  that is shown in  FIG. 37B , key arm  4301  has been inserted into side vent  4103  and rotated downward about a horizontal axis near its distal end and toward a horizontal plane. As such, it is nearly level with a horizontal plane that coincides with a plane of rim  4105 . Further rotation is prevented by a distal surface of a protrusion  4303  on a bottom side of key arm  4301 . Thus, the distal surface of protrusion  4303  engages an outward facing surface of rim  4105 . In this orientation, a user is able to move domed lid  4101  with relative ease by keeping these surfaces engaged and can lift, rotate, or otherwise modify the orientation of domed lid  4101 . Those in the art will understand that key arm  4301  can be angled upward slightly, as in  FIG. 37A  to slide into vent  4103  and once in place, can be locked into position by rotating downward to make full contact with rim  4105 . This can secure the assembly for movement, including twisting, as shown in  FIG. 38A-38B  and lifting domed lid  4101 . 
       FIGS. 38A-38B  show an example embodiment of a heat management device domed lid  4101  and base plate  4601  from a perspective view showing movement and changes in orientation with relation to each other. When using or operating a water pipe to smoke organic material, such as tobacco, that are equipped with base plate  4601  and domed lid  4101 , a user may wish to change airflow characteristics around a heating element in order to affect the temperature and amount of airflow about the heating element. 
     As shown in  FIG. 38A , in an open position  3800   a,  one or more side vents  4103  of domed lid  4101  can be partially or wholly aligned with one or more side openings  4603  in vertical side walls of base plate  4601 . As such, a maximum degree of airflow can be permitted when side openings  4603  and side vents  4101  are fully aligned. This maximum airflow can maximum allow for maximum variability of temperature in an interior chamber formed by base plate  4601  and domed lid  4101 , about a heating element that is located on an upper surface of base plate  4601 . Temperature can be changed easily in this orientation by drawing air through the aligned vents  4101  and openings  4603 . In some instances, a user may wish to change the temperature and amount of airflow within the chamber, in order to change the smoking experience. This can be accomplished by changing the orientation of domed lid  4101  with respect to base plate  4601 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 38B , if a user wishes to change the orientation of domed lid  4101  with respect to base plate  4601 , they can rotate domed lid  4101  about a central vertical axis. Since base plate  4601  remains in a fixed orientation when domed lid  4101  is rotated, the user can achieve a partially or fully closed orientation by performing this rotation. In a fully closed orientation  3800   b,  one or more side vents  4103  of lid  4101  can be aligned in front of one or more walls  4605  of base plate  4601 . As such, some or all airflow through side vents  4103  is prevented. Thus, closed orientation  3800   b  creates a situation where most or all airflow into the interior chamber formed by domed lid  4101  and  4601  occurs through one or more upper vents  4171 ,  4173 . 
       FIG. 39  shows an example embodiment of a top of a glass bowl  4501  and a heat management device base plate  4601  from a perspective view. As shown in the example embodiment, an upward facing surface  4505  can be slightly recessed below an upward facing surface  4503  of glass bowl  4501 . This can provide support for one or more downward facing surfaces at an exterior circumferential edge of base plate  4601 . The difference in elevation between surfaces  4503  and  4505  helps to ensure that base plate  4601  will not inadvertently slide off of glass bowl  4501  when coupled or in use. 
     When a user wishes to smoke a water pipe with a glass bowl  4501 , it can first be coupled with the water pipe. Second, organic matter to be smoked can be added in area  4507 . These two steps can be switched in some embodiments. Next the user can place base plate  4601  in position as described above. A heating element can be activated and placed in the interior area  4609  of base plate  4601 . A domed lid (not shown) can be added if desired and then the user can draw air through the water pipe. This will cause air to be pulled through openings  4607  into an area above area  4507  which is holding the heated tobacco, and then through a central or other opening  4509  and into the water pipe. Further description is given with respect to  FIGS. 18G-18I . 
       FIGS. 40A-40B  show an example embodiment of a coupled key arm  4302  and key cap  4402  from a perspective view  4400   a  and side view  4400   b,  respectively. Further description of key arm  4302  is provided with respect to  FIGS. 43A-43E . Further description of key cap  4402  is given with respect to  FIGS. 44A-44E . Further description of coupled key arm  4302  and key cap  4402  is given with respect to  FIGS. 37A-37B . 
       FIGS. 41A-41H  show a variety of example embodiments of heat management device domed lids  4100   a - 4100   h  with different sizes, shapes, and quantities of vent openings. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 41A, 41C, 41E, and 41G , in some embodiments one or more upper openings or holes  4172  can be provided near the upper end of domed lid  4100 . These can be arranged in a regular or irregular pattern that is generally in a single row. They can allow airflow into domed lids  4100   a - 4100   h  and also provide an egress for exhaust airflow. In  FIGS. 41A and 41C  holes  4172  are fairly large, while in  FIGS. 41E and 41G , they are fairly small. Larger holes allow for greater airflow, while smaller holes allow for less airflow. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 41B, 41D, 41F, and 41H , in some embodiments, additional rows of openings or holes can be provided that are below holes  4172 . In these embodiments, two additional rows of holes are included, holes  4174 , and  4176 . 
     As shown in the various example embodiments of  FIGS. 41A-41G , side ventilation holes  4160  can be located in the sides of domed lids  4100   a - 4100   g.  In these embodiments they are regularly spaced, however irregular spacing can also be applied in various other embodiments. In  FIGS. 41C-41D and 41G-41H , side holes  4160  are numerous in quantity and allow for a high degree of airflow into the interior of domed lid  4100 . In these embodiments, there are eight holes each, although other numbers are contemplated. Alternatively, in  FIGS. 41A-41B and 41E-41F , side holes  4160  are fewer in quantity and allow for less airflow, comparatively. In these embodiments, there are four side holes  4160  each, although other numbers are contemplated. 
     As shown in the example embodiments, allowance of airflow can vary greatly, depending on the features provided in an individual embodiment. Domed lid  4100   e  of  FIG. 41E  provides the lowest amount of airflow with small upper holes  4172  and a small quantity of side vents  4160 , while domed lid  4100   d  of  FIG. 41D  provides a much greater amount, due to the large upper holes  4172 , additional rows of holes  4174 ,  4176 , and large quantity of side vents  4160 . 
     In the example embodiments, a rim  4190  allows for adjustment of an orientation of cover  4100 . Rim  4190  is shown with a series of vertical openings  4192  that allow for airflow and heat dissipation, such that they can minimize an amount of heat that may be retained by rim  4190  and help to provide a safe experience for users. 
       FIGS. 42A-42D  show an example embodiment of a heat management device domed lid from a side cross-sectional view  4200   a,  perspective mockup view  4200   b,  top view  4200   c,  and side view  4200   d,  respectively.  FIG. 42E  shows an example embodiment of a heat management device domed lid from a perspective mockup view  4200   e.    
     Similar numbering will be used for  FIGS. 42A-42E  with respect to the element numbering of  FIGS. 41A-41H  for simplification. As an example, Rim  4190  of  FIGS. 41A-41H  is analogous to rim  4290  of  FIGS. 42A-42E . 
     As shown in side cross-sectional view  4200   a  of  FIG. 42A , a lip  4297  can be provided circumferentially within an interior chamber of domed lid  4200  that is partially or substantially horizontal and is operable to removably interface with one or more surfaces near the top of a base platform. 
     As shown in top view  4200   c  of  FIG. 42C , when rim  4290  has a series of outward directed points, tips of points on opposite sides of domed lid  4200  can be about 100.80 mm apart, such that the maximum diameter of the domed lid is such. Also shown, the sides of points that are one removed from opposite can measure about 92.55 mm. 
     As shown in side view  4200   d  of  FIG. 42D , a bottom edge of rim  4290  is generally perpendicular from a vertical axis in the center of domed lid  4200 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 42E , surfaces such as the wall faces of upper holes  4272  and second row of holes  4274  and the upper surfaces of rim  4290  and any logo  4299  can be polished in various embodiments. In some embodiments, domed lid  4200  can be steel, injection molded steel, or others, as appropriate. 
       FIGS. 43A-43E  show an example embodiment of a heat management device key arm from an end view  4300   a,  perspective mockup view  4300   b,  bottom view  4300   c,  top view  4300   d,  and side view  4300   e,  respectively. As shown in  FIG. 43 , a body  4302  of key arm  4300  can be about 3.80 mm thick and the thickness of body  4302  and protrusions  4304  can be about 6.94 mm. As shown in  FIG. 43C , a proximal end of arm  4300  can be semi-circular, with a radius of about 15.50 mm, such that a maximum width of body  4302  is 31.00 mm. A distal end  4308  can have a small lip  4310  along part or all of a distal edge lower surface of body  4302 . Semi-circle can converge into two sections that taper off to distal end  4308  at about ten degrees. As shown in  FIG. 8D , a length of body  4302  can be about 81.59 mm. In general, key arm  4300  can be a unitary structure. In some embodiments, body  4302  can be metal, such as injection molded steel. 
       FIGS. 44A-44E  show an example embodiment of a heat management device key cap  4400  from a top view  4400   a,  perspective mockup view  4400   b,  side view  4400   c,  back view  4400   d,  and front view  4400   e,  respectively. As shown in the example embodiments, a proximal end  4412  can be opposite a distal end  4410 . In general, a body  4402  of key cap  4400  can be unitary and substantially cylindrical, with a maximum height or thickness of about 10.80 mm. A radius from a wall  4414  at distal end  4410  can be about 19.17 mm. A radius to an edge elsewhere around the circumference can be about 18.87 mm. A channel  4404  can extend circumferentially around a substantial majority of the circumference and be defined by an upper edge  4406 , lower edge  4408 , and interior wall  4416 . Channel  4404  can be about 3.37 mm from an outer circumference edge to interior wall  4416 . In some embodiments, body  4402  can be a molded silicone. 
       FIGS. 45A-45D  show an example embodiment of a bowl from a side view  4500   a,  perspective mockup view  4500   b,  top view  4500   c,  and side cross-sectional view  4500   d,  respectively. As shown in the example embodiment, a maximum height of a body  4502  can be about 36.50 mm. Body  4502  can be generally cylindrical, and an outer profile can roundly curve inward from an upper edge  4504  before reaching an inflection point and then curving in the other direction before reaching a bottom edge  4506  with a substantially narrower diameter. Outer diameter of the upper edge  4504  can be about 89 mm. 
     Lower edge  4506  can have a centrally located hole  4508  that has a diameter of about 10 mm and an interior wall extending upward through body  4502  with opposite sides tapering downward toward a central axis at about 10 degrees. A rim  4510  around central hole  4508  can be defined by an upward facing surface that has a width of about 3.07 mm and extends down and outward before curving upward to upper edge  4504 , with a body thickness of the upward flare of about 5.53 mm in some places. This area between an exterior circumferential edge of rim  4510  and interior circumferential edge of upper edge  4504  can define an interior  4512 , where organic material to smoke can be housed. 
     Additionally, interior  4512  can have one or more surface features, such as a swirling pattern with ridges. Further, interior  4512  can house a circumferential ring  4514  that can support a base heating platform. Circumferential ring  4516  can have one or more upper protrusions that rise up slightly above an upper surface of ring  4516 . These can couple with a heat management device base plate in order to prevent the plate from spinning. In some embodiments, body  4502  can be compression molded glass. 
       FIGS. 46A-46C  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view  4600   a,  top mockup view  4600   b,  and top perspective mockup view  4600   d,  respectively. 
       FIGS. 46D-46G  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a bottom view  4600   d,  bottom perspective mockup view  4600   e,  side view  4600   f,  and side cross-sectional view  4600   g,  respectively. 
       FIGS. 46H-46I  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a side mockup view  4600   h  and bottom perspective view  4600   i,  respectively. 
       FIGS. 46J-46K  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top perspective mockup view  4600   j  and top mockup view  4600   k,  respectively. As described variously herein, base plate is also referred to as a platform or heating platform. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 46A-46K , platform  4600  includes a body  4602  that has a recessed tray  4604  for supporting a heating source. In the example embodiment, a first set of upward protrusions  4606  and second set of protrusions  4608  can provide upper surfaces on which a heating source such as charcoal slightly above recessed tray  4604 . These protrusions  4606  and  4608  can be triangular, diamond, or other shapes and can be arranged circumferentially about a central axis. Protrusions  4606  and  4608  can be spaced apart and slightly offset from each other to create channels  4610  between themselves and each other, in to promote airflow below the heating source. 
     The side surfaces of each vertical protrusion  4606  may create a substantially “V” shape with the point directed outward, toward a wall  4612  and a hole  4622 . Accordingly, air may be channeled toward these holes in wall  1412 . Additionally, the point of each “V” may correspond with a channel between adjacent protrusions  4608  above recessed tray  1522 . It has been discovered that embodiments utilizing such an arrangement benefit from the created air channels which may promote circulation within wall  1412  and promote even heating of the coals or other heating elements during use. 
     Platform  4600  also includes an exterior wall  4612  shaped as a series of rounded clamshell arches  4614  rising above recessed tray  4604  and circumferentially surrounding it. As shown, eight arches can be included, although other numbers are also contemplated. Spaces between upper rounded edges of arches  4614  can allow air to flow between them. Arches  4614  are solid on the outside and each has a hump  4616  that is somewhat rounded and rectangular in nature. Hump  4616  does not extend the full height of arches  4614 . An interior surface  4618  of clamshell arches  4612  is rounded in nature and defined by a hole  4622  that allows air to flow from above recessed tray within wall  1412  to a hollow interior area  4636  of body  4602 . The interior surfaces  4618  can include an inward flare that promotes airflow within its circumference, creating a heating chamber that channeling air toward the heating elements. 
     Recessed tray  4604  may include a slightly raised perimeter area  4638  which has slightly flared inward walls from its upward facing surface. In the example embodiment, recessed tray  4604  has a star configuration with eight points. Other embodiments may incorporate other shapes without departing from the scope of the invention. It has been discovered, however that the eight-pointed star configuration provides benefits over other shapes, including benefits of even heating. 
     Ridges  4624  can extend below a bottom surface  4626  of body  4602 . As shown, these can be in a spiral or other configuration to provide airflow and heat management in various embodiments. In the example embodiment, ridges  4624  are crescent shaped and emanate from a central area  4628  and toward a lower, interior circumferential wall  4630 . Wall  4630  extends slightly below a lower edge  4632  of wall  4612 . Ridges  4624  extend slightly below a lower edge of wall  4630 , which can be about 2 mm in height. In the example embodiment, eight ridges  4624  are shown, although other quantities are also contemplated in various embodiments. One or more notches  4634  in the bottom of wall  4612  can allow for mating or otherwise coupling with complementary sized protrusions of a bowl (e.g.  4516  of  FIG. 45B-45D ). 
     Body  4602  can be 25.50 mm from the top of arches  4612  to the bottom of ridges  4624 . It can have a radius of 37.75 mm from an outer edge of wall  4612  to its central axis. Platform  4600  may be comprised of aluminum, copper, steel, or any other material that is suitable for this purpose. 
     Holes  4622  may be arch shaped with flat bottoms, allowing airflow from the interior of a heating chamber above recessed tray  4604  into hollow interior  4636  and over a bowl. The combination of ridges  4624  and protrusions  4604  and  4608  promote airflow above and below tray  4604  for uniform heating of tobacco, or other organic material, below platform. 
     As discussed herein, a user can place or otherwise couple a platform  4600  on a rim of a bowl filled with tobacco, shisha or other organic matter already prepared as described above. Then a user can place coals or other combustible material on platform  4600  within wall  4612 . Once the coals or other combustible material are in place, they can be heated by a heat source, for example a match or lighter, before a user can place or otherwise couple a ventilated cap on platform  4600 . 
       FIGS. 47A-47C  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view  4700   a,  top mockup view  4700   b,  and top perspective mockup view  4700   c,  respectively. Similar description of many of the features of  FIGS. 46A-46C  can be applicable to the features shown in  FIGS. 47A-47C . 
       FIGS. 47D-47G  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a bottom view  4700   d,  bottom perspective mockup view  4700   e,  side view  4700   f,  and side cross-sectional view  4700   g,  respectively. Similar description of many of the features of  FIGS. 46D-46G  can be applicable to the features shown in  FIGS. 47D-47G . An important distinction between the embodiments of  FIGS. 46A-46K  and  FIGS. 47A-47G  is related to ridges  4724 . As shown in  FIGS. 47E and 47G , ridges  4724  in this example embodiment do not extend below a lower edge of lower wall  4730 . In the example embodiment, ridges  4724  extend the same distance downward that wall  4730  does, which itself can be about 4 mm in height. Further, a total height from the bottom of ridges  4724  and lower wall  4730  to the top of arches  4712  is about 25.50 mm. In some embodiments, base plate  4700  can be diecast aluminum. 
       FIGS. 48A-48C  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view  4800   a,  top mockup view  4800   b,  and top perspective mockup view  4800   c,  respectively. Similar description of many of the features of  FIGS. 46A-46C  can be applicable to the features shown in  FIGS. 48A-48C . 
       FIGS. 48D-48G  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a bottom view  4800   d,  bottom perspective mockup view  4800   e,  side view  4800   f,  and side cross-sectional view  4800   g,  respectively. Similar description of many of the features of  FIGS. 46D-46G  can be applicable to the features shown in  FIGS. 48D-48G . An important distinction between the embodiments of  FIGS. 46A-46K  and  FIGS. 48A-48G  is related to ridges  4824 . As shown in  FIGS. 48D-48G , ridges  4824  in this example embodiment are fewer in quantity. As shown four ridges  4824  can provide different airflow and heating characteristics than higher quantities of ridges in other embodiments. Further, ridges  4824  extend below a lower edge of lower wall  4830 . 
       FIGS. 49A-49C  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view  4900   a,  top mockup view  4900   b,  and top perspective mockup view  4900   c,  respectively. Similar description of many of the features of  FIGS. 46A-46C  can be applicable to the features shown in  FIGS. 49A-49C . 
       FIGS. 49D-49G  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a bottom view  4900   d,  bottom perspective mockup view  4900   e,  side view  4900   f,  and side cross-sectional view  4900   g,  respectively. Similar description of many of the features of  FIGS. 48D-48G  can be applicable to the features shown in  FIGS. 49D-49G . An important distinction between the embodiments of  FIGS. 48A-48G  and  FIGS. 49A-49G  is related to ridges  4924 . As shown in  FIGS. 49D-49G , ridges  4924  in this example embodiment do not extend below a lower edge of lower wall  4930 . In the example embodiment, ridges  4924  extend the same distance downward that wall  4930  does. Further, a total height from the bottom of ridges  4924  and lower wall  4930  to the top of arches  4912  is about 25.50 mm. 
       FIGS. 50A-50B  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view  500   a  and top perspective mockup view  500   b,  respectively. Similar description of many of the features of  FIGS. 46A-46C  can be applicable to the features shown in  FIGS. 50A-50B . 
       FIGS. 50C-50F  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a bottom view  5000   c,  bottom perspective mockup view  5000   d,  side view  5000   e,  and side perspective mockup view  5000   f,  respectively. Similar description of many of the features of  FIGS. 46D-46G  can be applicable to the features shown in  FIGS. 50C-50F . Further, as shown in  FIG. 50F , in some embodiments a furthest exterior circumferential surface of body  5002  can be polished. 
       FIGS. 51A-51C  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view  5100   a,  top mockup view  5100   b,  and top perspective mockup view  5100   c,  respectively. Similar description of many of the features of  FIGS. 46A-46C  can be applicable to the features shown in  FIGS. 51A-51C . However, one major distinction is that in  FIGS. 51A-51C  recessed tray  5104  upper surface ridges  5106  can replace the first set of protrusions  4606  and second set of protrusions  4608  of  FIGS. 46A-46C . As such, upper surface ridges  5106  can provide support for a heating source, such as charcoal, slightly above recessed tray  5104 . In the example embodiment, a channel  5110  between each adjacent ridge  5106  leads directly toward an opening  5122  in wall  5112 . Ridges  5106  are arranged in a regular spiral pattern emanating from a central axis of base plate  5100 , although other orientations and arrangements are also contemplated. Further, eight ridges  5106  are shown in the example embodiment, although other quantities are also contemplated. 
       FIGS. 51D-51G  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a bottom view  5100   d,  bottom perspective mockup view  5100   e,  side view  5100   f,  and side cross-sectional view  5100   g,  respectively. Similar description of many of the features of  FIGS. 46D-48G  can be applicable to the features shown in  FIGS. 51D-51G . 
       FIGS. 52A-52C  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view  5200   a,  top mockup view  5200   b,  and top perspective mockup view  5200   c,  respectively. Similar description of many of the features of  FIGS. 51A-51C  can be applicable to the features shown in  FIGS. 52A-52C . 
       FIGS. 52D-52G  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a bottom view  5200   d,  bottom perspective mockup view  5200   e,  side view  5200   f,  and side cross-sectional view  5200   g,  respectively. Similar description of many of the features of  FIGS. 51D-51G  can be applicable to the features shown in  FIGS. 52D-52G . An important distinction between the embodiments of  FIGS. 51A-51G  and  FIGS. 52A-52G  is related to ridges  5224 . As shown in  FIGS. 52D-52G , ridges  5224  in this example embodiment do not extend below a lower edge of lower wall  5230 . In the example embodiment, ridges  5224  extend the same distance downward that wall  5230  does. Further, a total height from the bottom of ridges  5224  and lower wall  5230  to the top of arches  5212  is about 25.50 mm. 
       FIGS. 53A-53C  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view  5300   a,  top mockup view  5300   b,  and top perspective mockup view  5300   c,  respectively. Similar description of many of the features of  FIGS. 51A-51C  can be applicable to the features shown in  FIGS. 53A-53C . 
       FIGS. 53D-53G  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a bottom view  5300   d,  bottom perspective mockup view  5300   e,  side view  5300   f,  and side cross-sectional view  5300   g,  respectively. Similar description of many of the features of  FIGS. 51D-51G  can be applicable to the features shown in  FIGS. 53D-53G . As shown in  FIGS. 53D-53G , ridges  5324  in this example embodiment are fewer in quantity. As shown four ridges  5324  can provide different airflow and heating characteristics than higher quantities of ridges in other embodiments. Further, ridges  5324  extend below a lower edge of lower wall  5330 , such that a total height from the bottom of ridges  5324  to the top of arches  5312  is about 25.50 mm. 
       FIGS. 54A-54C  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a top view  5400   a,  top mockup view  5400   b,  and top perspective mockup view  5400   c,  respectively. Similar description of many of the features of  FIGS. 53A-53C  can be applicable to the features shown in  FIGS. 54A-54C . 
       FIGS. 54D-54G  show an example embodiment of a heat management device base plate from a bottom view  5400   d,  bottom perspective mockup view  5400   e,  side view  5400   f,  and side cross-sectional view  5400   g,  respectively. Similar description of many of the features of  FIGS. 53D-53G  can be applicable to the features shown in  FIGS. 54D-54G . An important distinction between the embodiments of  FIGS. 53A-53G  and  FIGS. 54A-54G  is related to ridges  5424 . As shown in  FIGS. 54D-54G , ridges  5424  in this example embodiment do not extend below a lower edge of lower wall  5430 . In the example embodiment, ridges  5424  extend the same distance downward that wall  5430  does. Further, a total height from the bottom of ridges  5424  and lower wall  5430  to the top of arches  5412  is about 25.50 mm. 
       FIG. 55  shows an example cross-sectional view of a water pipe system according to one embodiment.  FIG. 56  shows an enlarged view a section of  FIG. 55 . 
     In  FIGS. 55-56 , a water pipe system  5500  may include a smoke supplying assembly  5580  and a plurality of vessels, including an inner vessel  5512  and an outer vessel  5514 . The inner vessel  5512  may have configurations that are the same as or similar to configurations of the inner vessel  1312  discussed above in view of  FIG. 26B . The outer vessel  5514  may have configurations that are the same as or similar to configurations of the outer vessel  1314  discussed above in view of  FIG. 26B . In this illustrated embodiment, the inner vessel  5512  may be disposed in the outer vessel  5514 . The inner vessel  5512  may define a liquid chamber  5518 . The outer vessel  5514  and the inner vessel  5512  may define a smoke chamber  5520  between the outer vessel  5514  and the inner vessel  5512 . 
     The smoke supplying assembly  5580  may include an aerator  5522 , a down stem  5524 , a shisha  5528 , a bowl  5530 , and a cap  5534 . The aerator  5522 , the down stem  5524 , the shisha  5528 , the bowl  30 , and the cap  5534  may have configurations that are the same as or similar to the aerator  1322 , the down stem  1324 , the shisha  1328 , the bowl  1330 , and the cap  1334  of  FIG. 26B , respectively. The smoke supplying assembly  5580  may be configured to supply smoke to the liquid chamber  5518 . The liquid chamber  5518  may communicate with the smoke chamber  5520  such that smoke drawn from the smoke supplying assembly  5580  flows from the liquid chamber  5518  to the smoke chamber  5520 . An example of smoke flow is shown by arrows in  FIG. 55 . 
     In the embodiment in  FIGS. 55-56 , the water pipe system  5500  may further include a gasket  5550 . The gasket  5550  may be disposed between the outer vessel  5514  and the inner vessel  5512 . The gasket  5550  may be in contact with the outer vessel  5514  and with the inner vessel  5512 . The gasket  5550  may be disposed at an inner vessel hole  5512   a  of the inner vessel  5512 . The gasket  5550  may be provided with a gasket hole  5550   a  that extends through the inner vessel hole  5512   a.  In one embodiment, in plan view, the gasket hole  5550   a  may overlap with both the inner vessel hole  5512   a  and an outer vessel hole  5514   a  that is formed by the outer vessel  5514 . The gasket  5550  may plug the inner vessel hole  5512  and the outer vessel hole  5514 . In the illustrated embodiment, as shown in  FIG. 56 , a first extension  5553  of the gasket  5550  may plug the inner vessel hole  5512   a,  and a second extension  5555  of the gasket  5550  may plug the outer vessel hole  5514   a.  The gasket  5550  may be made of a silicone rubber or some other flexible material, for example, to preferably plug the inner vessel hole  5512   a  and/or the outer vessel hole  5514   a.  The smoke supplying assembly  5580  may be inserted into the liquid chamber  5518  through the outer vessel hole  5514   a,  the gasket hole  5550   a,  and the inner vessel hole  5512   a.  Accordingly, the smoke supplying assembly  5580  plugs the gasket hole  5550   a,  and the gasket  5550  plugs the inner vessel hole  5512   a  and the outer vessel hole  5514   a,  thereby creating a fluid tight seal between the smoke supplying assembly and the liquid chamber  5518 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 56-59 , the gasket  5550  may be provided with at least one smoke passage  5551 . In the illustrated example, the gasket  5550  is provided with a plurality of smoke passages  5551 . In another example (not shown), the gasket  5550  may be provided with only one smoke passage. Via each smoke passage  5551  of the gasket  5550 , the smoke chamber  5520  may communicate with the liquid chamber  5518 . Each smoke passage  5551  may extend, for example, without limitation, along a direction in which the gasket hole  5550   a  extends such that it has an axis parallel to an axis of the gasket hole  5550   a.  In the illustrated example of  FIG. 56 , each smoke passage  5551  may extend vertically. However, smoke passages  5551  may extend horizontally, as shown in  FIGS. 63-65 , or along another direction. As shown in  FIG. 58 , the smoke passages  5551  may be arranged along a circumferential direction  5591  of the gasket hole  5550   a.    
     In one example, as shown in  FIGS. 56-59 , the gasket  5550  may include a cylindrical portion  5558 , the first extension  5553 , and the second extension  5555 . The cylindrical portion  5558  may be disposed in the inner vessel hole  5512   a  and form the gasket hole  5550   a.  The cylindrical portion  5558  may be in contact with an edge  5512   b  of the inner vessel hole  5512   a.  The cylindrical portion  5558  may include an inner wall  5558   e  and an outer wall  5558   f.  In one embodiment, the smoke passages  5551  may be formed in the cylindrical portion  5558  between the inner wall  5558   e  and the outer wall  5558   f.  The first extension  5553  may be a flange extending from the cylindrical portion  5558  radially outwardly from the gasket hole  5550   a.  The first extension  5553  may be in contact with the inner vessel  5512 . The second extension  5555  may extend from the cylindrical portion  5558  radially outwardly of the gasket hole  5550   a.  The second extension  5555  may be in contact with the outer vessel  5514 . In one embodiment of  FIG. 57 , the second extension  5555  may be disc-shaped. However, the shape of the second extension  5555  is not limited to the shape shown in  FIG. 57 , and the second extension  5555  may have other shapes. For example, as shown in  FIG. 60 , the second extension  5555   a  may include a plurality of extending parts  5556  that are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction  5591  of the gasket hole  5550   a.  In the example of  FIG. 60 , a gap  5557  between two adjacent extending parts  5556  of the extending parts  5556  may overlap with one of the smoke passages  5551  as viewed in the direction in which the gasket hole  5550   a  extends. 
     Returning to  FIG. 56 , the first extension  5553  and the second extension  5555  may be spaced apart from each other via a space  5559  between the first extension  5553  and the second extension  5555 . The space  5559  may communicate with the smoke chamber  5520 , and with the smoke passages  5551 . 
     Optionally, as shown in  FIG. 56 , the water pipe system  5500  may further include at least one valve  5560 . In the illustrated example, the water pipe system  5500  may include a plurality of valves  5560 . In another example (not shown), the water pipe system  5500  may include only one valve. As shown in  FIG. 56 , each valve  5560  may be disposed in a corresponding one of the smoke passages  5551  of the gasket  5550 . As shown in  FIG. 58 , the valves  5560  may include at least one first one-way valve  5561  that allows a gas to flow from the liquid chamber  5518  to the smoke chamber  5520  and that does not allow a gas to flow from the smoke chamber  5520  to the liquid chamber  5518 . 
     Examples of one-way valves may include various kinds of valves, but in the illustrated example, umbrella valves may be used as the one-way valves. The umbrella valves may include an umbrella valve element, and a housing. The umbrella valve element may cover an opening of the housing when a pressure of one side is greater than a pressure of the other side, and may open the opening of the housing when the pressure of one side is not greater than the pressure of the other side. 
     As shown in  FIG. 58 , the valves  5560  may further include at least one second one-way valve  5562  that allows a gas to flow from the smoke chamber  5520  to the liquid chamber  5518  and that does not allow a gas to flow from the liquid chamber  5518  to the smoke chamber  5520 . In this embodiment, the first one-way valve(s)  5561  may be a set of one-way valves providing a greater number of valves than the second one-way valve(s)  5562 . In the present embodiment, the number of the first one-way valves  5561  is seven and the number of the second one-way valve  5562  is one, but various combinations of the numbers of the first one-way valves  5561  and the second one-way valve(s)  5562  may be adopted. 
     Returning to  FIG. 55 , the water pipe system  5500  may include at least one purge valve  5526  that allows a gas to flow from the smoke chamber  5520  to an outside of the water pipe system  5500 . In the embodiment of  FIG. 55 , the purge valve  5526  may be disposed at a lower position of the system  5500 . However, the purge valve may be disposed at any other position, such as a position of the valve  1326  as shown in  FIG. 26A . In one embodiment, in order to support a purge method, described in more detail below, the second one-way valve  5562  may be smaller in minimum operating pressure differential than the one purge valve  5526 . 
     In using the water pipe system  5500 , a user can draw air through a hose attachment  5508 . This causes smoke to be drawn from the smoke supplying assembly  5580  into the liquid chamber  5518 . Once inside liquid chamber  5518 , the flow of the smoke may be cleansed by liquid contained therein. The flow of the smoke may bubble within the liquid chamber  5518  and exits through the inner vessel hole  5512   a  of inner vessel  5512  into the smoke chamber  5520  between the inner vessel  5512  and the outer vessel  5514  by way of the smoke passages  5551 . This allows the smoke to be cooled by both the large surface area of the interior of the outer vessel  5514  and the surface area of the inner vessel  5512 , especially when liquid within liquid chamber  5518  is cool. The flow of the smoke then continues through gaps between a manifold  5506  and smoke chamber  5520 , through the hose attachment  5508  and a hose and into the user&#39;s lungs for enjoyment. 
     Continuously, in a method  6100  as shown in  FIG. 62 , the user may draw the smoke in the smoke chamber  5520  to create a negative pressure in the smoke chamber  5520  relative to a pressure in the liquid chamber  5518  (see block  6102 ). The negative pressure may then create a pressure differential between the smoke chamber  5520  and the liquid chamber  5518  sufficient to actuate the one-way valves  5561  in the smoke passages. Then, the negative pressure in the smoke chamber  5520  may flow the smoke in the liquid chamber  5518  from the liquid chamber  5518  to the smoke chamber  5520 , for example, without limitation, via the first one-way valves  5561  in the smoke passages  5551  of the gasket  5550  (see block  6104 ). Then, smoke may be further drawn from the smoke supplying assembly  5580  to the liquid chamber  5518  (see block  6106 ). As such, the user can use the water pipe system  5500 . 
     Purging the smoke in the smoke chamber  5520  and the liquid chamber  5018  may be conducted as follows.  FIG. 62  shows an example of a purging method in a block diagram. The user may blow a purge gas into the smoke chamber  5520  to create a positive pressure relative to a pressure in the liquid chamber  5518  (see block  6202 ). The positive pressure may flow the purge gas from the smoke chamber  5520  to the liquid chamber  5518  via the second one-way valve  5562  (see block  6204 ). This may improve efficiency of purging the liquid chamber  5518 . In one embodiment, the second one-way valve  5562  may be smaller in minimum operating pressure differential than the purge valve  5526 . Therefore, the purge gas may be transmitted from the smoke chamber  5520  to the liquid chamber, instead of being emitted from the smoke chamber  5520  to an outside of the water pipe system  5500  via the purge valve  5526 . This may further improve efficiency of purging the liquid chamber  5518 . Then, the purge gas in the liquid chamber  5518  may be transmitted from the liquid chamber  5518  to the smoke chamber  5520  via the first one-way valve  5561  (see block  6206 ). Then, the purge gas in the smoke chamber  5520  may be emitted from the smoke chamber  5520  to the outside of the water pipe system  5500  via the purge valve  5526  (see block  6208 ). 
     In the present embodiment, the gasket  5550  may reduce the chance of the liquid in the liquid chamber  5518  splashing out to the smoke chamber  5520 . Further, the gasket  5550  may reduce the chance of the liquid chamber  5518  being devoid of smoke. The gasket  5550  may be used to fix the inner vessel  5512  to the outer vessel  5514  in embodiments in which the inner and outer vessels  5512  and  5514  are separatable. 
       FIG. 63  shows an example cross-sectional view of a water pipe system according to one embodiment.  FIGS. 64 and 65  show example perspective views of a gasket and valves in the water pipe system shown in  FIG. 63 , with  FIG. 64  showing an exploded view. 
     In the water pipe system of  FIG. 63 , a gasket  5550   b  differs from the gasket  5550  of  FIG. 56  in the followings. In the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 61-63 , the gasket  5550   b  may include a cylindrical portion  5558   b.  The cylindrical portion  5558   b  may form smoke passages  5551   b.  Each of the smoke passages  5551   b  may communicate with the gasket hole  5550   c,  and extending radially outwardly of the gasket hole  5550   c.    
     The inner and outer vessels in  FIGS. 55, 56, and 63  are illustrated as nested domes, but inner and outer vessels may similarly be nested cylinders separated by a gasket with valves, in view of portability of a water pipe system. 
     The gasket  5550  may be made of a flexible material, such as silicone, to ensure a seal between the gasket and the various components of the assembly. However, the gasket may be formed of a wide variety of materials, including materials that may be used to seal the components relative to each other. 
       FIG. 66  is a filter assembly  6600  in accordance with this disclosure.  FIG. 67  is an inner filter housing  6610  for use in the filter assembly of  FIG. 66 .  FIG. 68  shows the filter assembly  6600  of  FIG. 66  with an outer housing  6620  removed. 
       FIGS. 69 and 70  show sectioned perspective views of the filter assembly  6600  of  FIG. 66 .  FIG. 71  shows a partially exploded view of the filter assembly  6600  of  FIG. 66 . 
     As shown, the filter assembly  6600  generally has an outer housing  6620  having an open first end  6630  and an open second end  6640 . The filter assembly  6600  also has an inner filter housing  6610  within the outer housing  6620  and adjacent the second end  6640  of the outer housing. 
     Within the outer housing  6620 , there is an internal chamber  6650  formed between the first end  6630  of the outer housing  6620  and the inner filter housing  6610 . 
     During use, fluid within the internal chamber  6650  is drawn out the second end  6640  of the outer housing  6620  by way of the inner filter housing  6610 . As discussed in more detail below, the inner filter housing  6610  typically contains filtering materials, such as a carbon filter, and therefore any fluid passing from the internal chamber  6650  to the second end  6640  of the housing  6620 , thereby passing through the inner filter housing  6610 , is filtered. 
     When using the filter assembly  6600 , the filter assembly would typically be mounted to an end of a downstem of a hookah, as discussed below in reference to  FIGS. 73-74 . therefore, the filter assembly  6600  would likely be at least partially submerged in water or some other fluid in a base of a hookah. Accordingly, the fluid located within the internal chamber  6650 , typically smoke, would pass through the inner filter housing  6610  and exit into the water in the base of the hookah, and would ultimately be inhaled by a user. When a user inhales the filtered smoke, such inhalation would draw additional smoke from the downstem into the internal chamber  6650  of the filter assembly  6600 , which would then ultimately be filtered when the user continues to or resumes inhalation. 
     The filter assembly  6600  further has a gasket  6660  at the first end of the outer housing  6620 . As shown, the gasket  6660  forms a gasketed opening  6670  smaller than the opening of the open first end  6630  at the first end of the outer housing  6620 . The gasket  6660  extends axially adjacent a wall  6680  of the outer housing  6620  and ultimately abuts the inner filter housing  6610 . 
     As shown, the outer housing  6620  may be substantially cylindrical, and the outer housing may then be internally lined by the gasket  6660 . As such, the internal chamber  6650  may ultimately be defined by the gasket  6660  and the inner filter housing  6610 , and the gasketed opening  6670  then provides access to the internal chamber. 
     As shown, the inner filter housing  6610  may be at least partially conical. For example, the inner filter housing  6610  may contain a conical surface  6700 . In such a scenario, an axial end  6710  of the gasket  6660  may abut the conical surface  6700  of the inner filter housing  6610 . 
     It will be understood that while the internal chamber  6650  is discussed and defined in terms of a gasket  6660 , in some embodiments a different sealing feature may be provided to form the internal chamber  6650 . For example, in embodiments where the inner filter housing  6610  is provided with a conical surface  6700 , a corresponding conical surface may be provided on an interior wall of the outer housing  6620 . In such an embodiment, a simpler gasket may be provided to seal the first end  6630  of the outer housing  6620  to a downstem on a hookah, or an alternative sealing mechanism may be provided at the first end as well. 
     The filter assembly  6600  may further have a fixation element  6690  for fixing to the second end  6640  of the outer housing  6620 . In such a scenario, the fixation element  6690  may compress the inner filter housing  6610  against the gasket  6660 . For example, the fixation element  6690  may be a cap designed to be screwed on to the second end  6640  of the outer housing  6620 , and the second end may then be threaded to accept the fixation element. In such a scenario, the tightening of the threaded fixation element  6690  may slowly compress the conical surface  6700  of the inner filter housing  6620  against the gasket  6660 . 
     As shown, an aerator  6720  may be provided at the second end  6640  of the outer housing  6620 . Such an aerator  6720  may be integrated into the outer housing itself  6620 , the fixation element  6690 , or the inner filter housing  6610 . 
       FIG. 72  shows an exploded view of one example of an inner filter housing  6610  with a filter  7000  in accordance with this disclosure. As shown, the filter  7000  is typically a carbon filter, and it may include a carbon sponge  7010  located adjacent carbon pellets  7020  and a filter mesh  7030 , with the carbon pellets typically sandwiched between the carbon sponge and the filter mesh. The filter mesh may be covered with a filter top  7040  which combines with a body  7050  of the inner filter housing  6610  to retain the various filter components. While carbon pellets  7020  are shown, the carbon pellets may similarly take the form of rods, squares, or any other shape carbon components. Similarly, while a carbon filter  7000  is shown and described, various alternative types of filters are contemplated as well. 
       FIGS. 73 and 74  show the filter assembly  6600  of  FIG. 66  in use on a hookah downstem  7100   a, b.  As shown, the gasketed opening  6670  of the gasket  6660  may be configured to seal against a shaft of a downstem  7100   a, b.  As such, any fluid, typically smoke, that is drawn through the downstem  7100   a, b  is drawn into the internal chamber  6650 . Subsequently, any such smoke is drawn through the inner filter housing  6610  such that it passes through the filter  7000  contained therein. 
     As shown, and as discussed above, the gasketed opening  6670  is smaller than the opening of the first end  6630  of the outer housing  6620 . The gasket  6660  is typically formed of a flexible material, such as silicon. When the filter assembly  6600  is applied to a downstem  7100   a, b,  the gasketed opening  6670  typically stretches to accept the downstem. 
     As shown in  FIG. 73 , some downstems  7100   a  may have segments  7110  having a radius larger than a shaft  7120  of the same downstem. In such embodiments, the outer housing  6600  and the gasketed opening  6670  may be sized such that the gasketed opening  6670  is smaller than a radius of the larger radius segment  7110  and the open first end  6630  of the outer housing is larger than the corresponding radius, such that the segment  7110  can be located within the internal chamber  6650 . 
       FIG. 75  is a flowchart illustrating a method for filtering fluid in a hookah using a filter assembly. As shown, a method is provided in which an outer housing  6620  of a filter assembly  6600  having an open first end  6630  and an open second end  6640  is provided (at  7200 ) and an inner filter housing  6610  is located within the outer housing  6620  (at  7210 ) adjacent an open second end  6640  of the outer housing. By locating the inner filter housing  6610  adjacent the open second end, an internal chamber  6650  is formed between the first end  6630  of the outer housing  6620  and the inner filter housing. 
     A gasket  6660  is then located (at  7220 ) within the outer housing  6620  adjacent the second end  6640  such that the gasket forms a gasketed opening  6670  smaller than the open first end  6630  of the outer housing  6620 . 
     The filter assembly  6600  is then slid (at  7230 ) onto an end of a hookah downstem  7100   a, b  to form a fluid tight connection between the gasket  6660  and the downstem, and the end of the hookah downstem is located ( 7240 ) within the outer housing  6620  of the filter assembly  6600 . 
     Once the end of the downstem  7100   a, b  is positioned within the interior chamber  6650  of the filter assembly  6600 , the assembled hookah is used. Once smokable materials begin to smoke, a user draws fluid from a base of the hookah into which the downstem  7100   a, b  extends. As such, the user draws fluid (at  7250 ), which is typically smoke, from the second end  6640  of the outer housing  6620  of the filter assembly  6600  which in turn draws fluid from the interior chamber  6650  through the inner filter housing  6610  and further draws fluid from the downstem  7100   a, b  into the interior chamber  6650 . 
     Typically, a user would draw fluid from the second end  6640  of the outer housing  6620  indirectly by, for example, drawing fluid from a hose connected fluidically to a chamber in which the second end is located. Such a connection may be, for example, by way of a secondary smoke chamber which is itself connected fluidically to the chamber in which the second end is located. 
     In this way, when the hookah is in use, smoke drawn from the smokable materials first passes through the downstem and through the filter and then passes through the fluid in the base prior to being inhaled by the user. 
     The words used in this specification to describe the instant embodiments are to be understood not only in the sense of their commonly defined meanings, but to include by special definition in this specification: structure, material or acts beyond the scope of the commonly defined meanings. Thus, if an element can be understood in the context of this specification as including more than one meaning, then its use must be understood as being generic to all possible meanings supported by the specification and by the word or words describing the element. 
     The definitions of the words or drawing elements described herein are meant to include not only the combination of elements which are literally set forth, but all equivalent structure, material or acts for performing substantially the same function in substantially the same way to obtain substantially the same result. In this sense, it is therefore contemplated that an equivalent substitution of two or more elements may be made for any one of the elements described and its various embodiments or that a single element may be substituted for two or more elements in a claim. 
     Changes from the claimed subject matter as viewed by a person with ordinary skill in the art, now known or later devised, are expressly contemplated as being equivalents within the scope intended and its various embodiments. Therefore, obvious substitutions now or later known to one with ordinary skill in the art are defined to be within the scope of the defined elements. This disclosure is thus meant to be understood to include what is specifically illustrated and described above, what is conceptually equivalent, what can be obviously substituted, and also what incorporates the essential ideas. 
     The scope of this description is to be interpreted only in conjunction with the appended claims and it is made clear, here, that the named inventor believes that the claimed subject matter is what is intended to be patented.