Patent Publication Number: US-8523318-B2

Title: Support for carriage guide in printer

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention generally relates a carriage printer, and more particularly a support for the carriage guide to reduce vibrations. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In a carriage printer, such as an inkjet carriage printer, a printhead is mounted in a carriage that is moved back and forth across the region of printing. To print an image on a sheet of paper or other print medium, the medium is advanced a given nominal distance along a media advance direction and then stopped. While the medium is stopped and supported on a platen, the printhead carriage is moved in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the media advance direction as marks are controllably made by marking elements on the medium—for example by ejecting drops from an inkjet printhead. After the carriage has printed a swath of the image while traversing the print medium, the medium is advanced, the carriage direction of motion is reversed, and the image is formed swath by swath. 
       FIG. 1  shows a schematic side view of a conventional carriage printer having a so-called L-shaped paper path. A variety of rollers are used to advance the medium through the printer. In this example, a pick roller  350  moves the first piece or sheet  371  of a stack  370  of paper (also generically called recording medium herein) at media input support  320  from paper load entry direction  301  toward media retention plate  340 . The first piece  371  of recording medium is then moved by feed roller  312  and idler roller(s)  323  to advance through the print region  303 , and from there to a discharge roller  324  and star wheel(s)  325 . Carriage  200  moves a printhead die  251  along a carriage scan direction that is into the plane of  FIG. 1  and ink drops  270  are controllably ejected to print an image as the carriage is moved. The motion of carriage  200  is guided by carriage guide  382 , which is a round rod, for example, that is disposed along the carriage scan direction. Supporting the first piece  371  of recording medium at print region  303  is a platen  390 . In order to facilitate the printing of borderless prints where the image is printed to the edges of the recording medium, platen  390  can have support ribs  394  in between which is disposed an absorbent medium  392  to catch ink drops that are oversprayed beyond the edges of the recording medium. The top surfaces of support ribs  394  are located at substantially a same level, so that they define a plane of the print region  303 , i.e. the plane of support of the recording medium in the print region  303 . 
     In order for the ink drops  270  to land accurately at their intended positions on first piece  371  of recording medium, it is important for the carriage  200  to move uniformly along the carriage scan direction. However, it is found that the carriage guide  382  can be undesirably set into vibration, for example along vibration direction  385 . Such vibration of the carriage guide  382  can cause nonuniform motion of the carriage  200  and the printhead die  251 , so that the ink drops do not land accurately at their intended positions, thereby degrading print quality. 
     What is needed is a simple, low cost way of reducing vibration of the carriage guide so that the carriage printer can reliably provide high quality printing. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed to overcoming one or more of the problems set forth above. Briefly summarized, according to one aspect of the invention, the invention resides in a carriage printer comprising a printhead; a print region; a carriage guide disposed along a carriage scan direction, the carriage guide including a first end and a second end opposite the first end; a carriage for transporting the printhead along the carriage scan direction across the print region in reciprocating fashion, the carriage including a bearing surface that is configured to contact the carriage guide as the carriage transports the printhead; a plurality of carriage guide supports each including a support surface, the plurality of carriage guide supports including: a first carriage guide support disposed proximate the first end; a second carriage guide support disposed proximate the second end; and a third carriage guide support disposed between the first carriage guide support and the second carriage guide support; a first biasing force applied in a bias direction proximate the first end; and a second biasing force applied in the bias direction proximate the second end, wherein the first biasing force and the second biasing force urge the carriage guide into contact with the first support surface, the second support surface and the third support surface. 
     These and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon a reading of the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the drawings wherein there is shown and described an illustrative embodiment of the invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic side view of a conventional printer having an L-shaped paper path; 
         FIG. 2  schematically shows an inkjet printer system; 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective of a printhead; 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective of a carriage printer; 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective of a carriage guide assembly according to an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective similar to  FIG. 5 , but with some parts hidden; 
         FIG. 7  is a rotated and enlarged perspective of the assembly of  FIG. 6 ; 
         FIG. 8  a perspective of the assembly of  FIG. 6 , but with the carriage guide hidden; 
         FIG. 9  is a perspective of a portion of a frame part of the assembly of  FIG. 6 ; 
         FIG. 10  is a bottom side perspective of an embodiment of a carriage guide support; 
         FIG. 11  is a top-side perspective of the carriage guide support of  FIG. 10 ; 
         FIG. 12  is a bottom side perspective of the carriage guide support of  FIG. 10  mounted on the frame part of  FIG. 9 ; and 
         FIG. 13  is a schematic of an assembly similar to  FIG. 8  in relation to the plane defined by the print region. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , a schematic representation of an inkjet printer system  10  is shown for its usefulness with the present invention and is fully described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,350,902, and is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Inkjet printer system  10  includes an image data source  12 , which provides data signals that are interpreted by a controller  14  as commands to eject drops. Controller  14  includes an image processing unit  15  for rendering images for printing, and outputs signals to an electrical pulse source  16  of electrical energy pulses that are inputted to an inkjet printhead  100 , which includes at least one inkjet printhead die  110 . 
     In the example shown in  FIG. 2 , there are two nozzle arrays  120  and  130  that are each disposed along a nozzle array direction  254  (see  FIG. 3 ). Nozzles  121  in the first nozzle array  120  have a larger opening area than nozzles  131  in the second nozzle array  130 . In this example, each of the two nozzle arrays  120 ,  130  has two staggered rows of nozzles  121 ,  131 , each row having a nozzle density of 600 per inch. The effective nozzle density then in each array is 1200 per inch (i.e. d= 1/1200 inch in  FIG. 2 ). If pixels on the recording medium  20  were sequentially numbered along the paper advance direction, the nozzles from one row of an array would print the odd numbered pixels, while the nozzles from the other row of the array would print the even numbered pixels. 
     In fluid communication with each nozzle array  120 ,  130  is a corresponding ink delivery pathway. Ink delivery pathway  122  is in fluid communication with the first nozzle array  120 , and ink delivery pathway  132  is in fluid communication with the second nozzle array  130 . Portions of ink delivery pathways  122  and  132  are shown in  FIG. 2  as openings through printhead die substrate  111 . One or more inkjet printhead die  110  will be included in inkjet printhead  100 , but for greater clarity only one inkjet printhead die  110  is shown in  FIG. 2 . The printhead die are arranged on a mounting support member as discussed below relative to  FIG. 3 . In  FIG. 2 , first fluid source  18  supplies ink to first nozzle array  120  via ink delivery pathway  122 , and second fluid source  19  supplies ink to second nozzle array  130  via ink delivery pathway  132 . Although distinct fluid sources  18  and  19  are shown, in some applications it can be beneficial to have a single fluid source supplying ink to both the first nozzle array  120  and the second nozzle array  130  via ink delivery pathways  122  and  132 , respectively. Also, in some embodiments, fewer than two or more than two nozzle arrays can be included on inkjet printhead die  110 . In some embodiments, all nozzles on inkjet printhead die  110  are the same size, rather than having multiple sized nozzles on inkjet printhead die  110 . 
     The drop forming mechanisms associated with the nozzles  121 ,  131  are not shown in  FIG. 2 . Drop forming mechanisms can be of a variety of types, some of which include a heating element to vaporize a portion of ink and thereby cause ejection of a droplet, or a piezoelectric transducer to constrict the volume of a fluid chamber and thereby cause ejection, or an actuator which is made to move (for example, by heating a bi-layer element) and thereby cause ejection. In any case, electrical pulses from electrical pulse source  16  are sent to the various drop ejectors according to the desired deposition pattern. In the example of  FIG. 2 , droplets  181  ejected from the first nozzle array  120  are larger than droplets  182  ejected from the second nozzle array  130 , due to the larger nozzle opening area. Typically other aspects of the drop forming mechanisms (not shown) associated respectively with nozzle arrays  120  and  130  are also sized differently in order to optimize the drop ejection process for the different sized drops. During operation, droplets of ink are deposited on a recording medium  20  (also sometimes called paper, print medium or medium herein). 
       FIG. 3  shows a perspective of a portion of a printhead  250 , which is an example of an inkjet printhead  100 . Printhead  250  includes two printhead die  251  (similar to inkjet printhead die  110  of  FIG. 2 ) that are affixed to a common mounting support member  255 . Each printhead die  251  contains two nozzle arrays  253 , so that printhead  250  contains four nozzle arrays  253  altogether. The four nozzle arrays  253  in this example can each be connected to separate ink sources. Each of the four nozzle arrays  253  is disposed along nozzle array direction  254 , and the length of each nozzle array along nozzle array direction  254  is typically on the order of 1 inch or less. Typical lengths of recording media are 6 inches for photographic prints (4 inches by 6 inches) or 11 inches for paper (8.5 by 11 inches). Thus, in order to print a full image, a number of swaths are successively printed while moving printhead  250  across the recording medium  20 . Following the printing of a swath, the recording medium  20  is advanced along a media advance direction that is substantially parallel to nozzle array direction  254 . 
     Also shown in  FIG. 3  is a flex circuit  257  to which the printhead die  251  are electrically interconnected, for example, by wire bonding or TAB bonding. The interconnections are covered by an encapsulant  256  to protect them. Flex circuit  257  bends around the side of printhead  250  and connects to connector board  258 . When printhead  250  is mounted into the carriage  200  (see  FIG. 4 ), connector board  258  is electrically connected to a connector (not shown) on the carriage  200 , so that electrical signals can be transmitted to the printhead die  251 . (Parts  252  &amp;  259  are on  FIG. 3 , need to be added to description). (I removed  252  and  259  from  FIG. 3 .) 
       FIG. 4  shows a portion of a desktop carriage printer. Some of the parts of the printer have been hidden in the view shown in  FIG. 4  so that other parts can be more clearly seen. Printer chassis  300  includes a horizontal base  302 . Carriage  200  is moved back and forth in carriage scan direction  305 , between the right side  306  and the left side  307  of printer chassis  300 , while drops are ejected from printhead die  251  (not shown in  FIG. 4 ) on printhead  250  that is mounted on and transported by carriage  200 . A carriage motor (not shown) moves carriage  200  in reciprocating fashion along carriage guide  382 . Carriage guide  382  is a round rod in this embodiment. The support structure for carriage guide  382  is not shown in  FIG. 4 , but is discussed in detail below with reference to  FIGS. 5-13 . 
     Printhead  250  is mounted in carriage  200 , and multi-chamber ink supply  262  and single-chamber ink supply  264  are mounted in the printhead  250 . The mounting orientation of printhead  250  is rotated relative to the view in  FIG. 3 , so that the printhead die  251  are located at the bottom side of printhead  250 , the droplets of ink being ejected downward in the view of  FIG. 4 . Multi-chamber ink supply  262 , for example, contains three ink sources: e.g. cyan, magenta, and yellow ink; while single-chamber ink supply  264  contains black ink. Toward the right side  306  of the printer chassis  300 , in the example of  FIG. 4 , is the maintenance station  330 . 
     In the L-shaped paper path shown in  FIGS. 1 and 4 , the recording medium  20  would be loaded along paper load entry direction  301  nearly vertically relative to horizontal base  302  (or relative to media retention plate  340 ) against media input support  320  at the rear  309  of the printer chassis. Several rollers are used to advance the recording medium through the printer. A pick roller  350  on pick arm assembly  352  is rotated in rotation direction  351  to move the first piece or sheet  371  of a stack  370  of paper or other recording medium in media input support  320  from paper load entry direction  301  to the media advance direction  304 . The paper is then moved by feed roller  312  (as it is rotated in forward rotation direction  313 ) and idler roller(s)  323  to advance toward the print region  303  (disposed along carriage scan direction  305 ). Feed roller  312  is driven directly by a paper advance motor (not shown) that is connected by belt or gear engagement, for example at drive gear  314 . After the image is printed at print region  303 , where piece  371  of recording medium is supported by support ribs  394 , the piece  371  of recording medium is further advanced to a discharge roller  324  and star wheel(s)  325 . 
       FIG. 5  is a perspective of a carriage guide assembly  400  together with carriage  200  according to an embodiment of the invention. Carriage  200  includes one or more bearing surfaces that are configured to contact the carriage guide  382  and anti-rotation guide  384  as the carriage  200  transports the printhead  250 . Bearing surfaces can include bushings  205  to glide along carriage guide  382  in carriage scan direction  305 . Carriage motor  380  moves belt  381  in order to move carriage  200  along carriage scan direction  305 . Position of carriage  200  along carriage scan direction  305  is determined with reference to a linear encoder  383 . Carriage guide  382  is held against frame  410  and is supported by carriage guide supports  431 ,  432  (not shown on  FIG. 5) and 433  (see also  FIG. 6 ). Forced contact of carriage guide  382  against carriage guide supports  431 ,  432  and  433  helps to reduce vibration along vibration direction  385 , as is discussed in further detail below. 
       FIG. 6  is a perspective similar to  FIG. 5 , but with some parts hidden so that carriage guide  382 , frame  410  and carriage guide supports  431 ,  432  and  433  can be seen more clearly. Carriage guide  382  includes a first end  386  and a second end  387  opposite first end  386 . Frame  410  includes a first wall  411  located near first end  386  of carriage guide  382 , a second wall  412  located near second end  387  of carriage guide  382 , and a third wall  413  that extends along carriage scan direction  305  between first wall  411  and second wall  413 . Frame  410  is typically made of sheet metal and can also include other walls, such as back wall  414  (to which carriage motor  380 , not shown, is attached), and top wall  415  (to which anti-rotation guide  384 , not shown, is attached). First carriage guide support  431  is positioned near first end  386  of carriage guide  382 . Second carriage guide support  432  is positioned near second end  387  of carriage guide  382 . Third carriage guide support  433  is positioned between first carriage guide support  431  and second carriage guide support  432 . It has been found that if there is no third carriage guide support  431  so that carriage guide  382  is only supported near its ends  386  and  387 , it is more susceptible to being set into vibration along vibration direction  385 . The fundamental mode of vibration of a carriage guide  382  supported only at its two ends is one in which the amplitude of vibration is largest near its midpoint. By further constraining carriage guide  382  to be in contact with a support surface of third carriage guide support  433 , located approximately midway between support surfaces of the first carriage guide support  431  and second carriage guide support  432 , the fundamental mode of vibration of carriage guide  382  along vibration direction  385  is substantially eliminated. First carriage guide support  431 , second carriage guide support  432  and third carriage guide support  433  are affixed to third wall  413  of frame  410 . 
     With reference for  FIG. 6  as well as to the rotated and enlarged perspective of  FIG. 7 , first end  386  of carriage guide  382  extends through a first opening  416  in first wall  411  of frame  410 , and second end  387  of carriage guide  382  extends through a second opening  417  in second wall  412  of frame  410 . First end  386  of carriage guide  382  includes a first groove  388  and second end  387  of carriage guide  382  includes a second groove  389 . First wall  411  includes a first ear  421  and a second ear  422 . First spring wire  425  extends from first ear  421  to second ear  422  and bends around first groove  388 , thereby applying a first biasing force in bias direction  420  to first groove  388  of carriage guide  382 . Second wall  412  includes a third ear  423  and a fourth ear  424 . Second spring wire  426  extends from third ear  423  to fourth ear  424  and bends around second groove  389 , thereby applying a second biasing force in bias direction  420  to second groove  389  of carriage guide  382 . The first biasing force and the second biasing force urge carriage guide  382  into contact with the support surfaces  434  (see also  FIGS. 10 and 11 ) respectively of first carriage guide support  431 , second carriage guide support  432  and third carriage guide support  433 . Third wall  413  has a thickness t that is typically around 1 mm. 
       FIG. 8  is a rotated perspective relative to  FIG. 6  and the carriage guide  382  is hidden so that the first carriage guide support  431 , the second carriage guide support  432  and the third carriage guide support  433  can all be seen. It can be seen that first carriage guide support  431  and second carriage guide support  432  are oriented in opposite directions. This permits first carriage guide support  431  and second carriage guide support  432  to be identical parts, and also to position the support surfaces  434  closest to first wall  411  and second wall  412  respectively. 
       FIG. 9  is a top perspective of a portion of frame  410  with carriage guide supports  431 ,  432 ,  433  removed in order to show more clearly how the carriage guide supports are affixed to third wall  413  of frame  410 . Each carriage guide support is affixed and located relative to third wall  413  using a slot and hole configuration in third wall  413 . In particular, corresponding to each of the carriage guide supports, third wall  413  includes a first hole  451  having a diameter D and a slot  452  extending from the first hole  451 . Slot  452  has a width W that is less than the diameter D of the first hole  451 . A second hole  453  is located nearer to first hole  451  than it is to slot  452 . 
     A carriage guide support  430  is shown in  FIG. 10  from a bottom close-up perspective and in  FIG. 11  from a top close-up perspective. Although the carriage guide supports  431 ,  432  and  433  can be different from one another, in some embodiments they are identical or very similar, so they are shown generically as carriage guide support  430 . Carriage guide support  430  includes a notched pin  435  and a projection  438 . Notched pin  435  and projection  438  extend along the bias direction  420  from a first side  441  of carriage guide support  430 . Support surface  434  of carriage guide support  430  is located relative to a second side  442  (opposite first side  441  of carriage guide support  430 ) in a direction that is opposite bias direction  420 . Notched pin  435  includes a head  436  having an extent X that is less than the diameter D of the first hole  451  ( FIG. 9 ) and that is greater than the width w of slot  452  ( FIG. 9 ). Notched pin  435  also includes a shaft  437  having a length L from first side  441  to head  436 . Length L is greater than but approximately equal to the thickness t of the third wall  413  of frame  410  (see  FIGS. 7 and 12 ). Shaft  437  has a width w that is less than the width W of slot  442  ( FIG. 9 ). Carriage guide support  430  includes a first portion  444  having a first thickness and a second portion  445  having a second thickness less than the first thickness, so that second portion  445  is more bendable than first portion  444 . Projection  438  extends from second portion  445 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 11 , second portion  445  also includes a hollowed region  446 , thereby making second portion  445  even more bendable. 
       FIG. 12  is a close-up bottom perspective of a carriage guide support  430  affixed to third wall  413  of frame  410 . With reference also to  FIGS. 9-11 , attachment of carriage guide support  430  to third wall  413  can be done as follows: head  436  (having an extent X that is less than diameter D of first hole  451 ) of notched pin  435  is inserted into first hole  451  of third wall  413 . Carriage guide support  430  is pressed down against third wall  413  and moved along slot  452 . Because the width w of shaft  437  is less than the width W of slot  452 , notched pin  435  can be moved along slot  452 , and head  436  of notched pin  435  (having an extent x that is greater than the width W of slot  452 ) secures the carriage guide support  430  at the bottom of third wall  413 . Because second portion  445  of carriage guide support  430  is configured to be readily bendable, projection  438  can ride along the top surface of third wall  413  as carriage guide support  430  is moved along slot  452 . When projection  438  reaches second hole  453 , projection  438  enters second hole  453  and locks carriage guide support  430  into a predetermined position along the third wall  413  of frame  410 . This procedure is done for each of the three carriage guide supports  431 ,  432  and  433 . Carriage guide supports  431 ,  432  and  433  can be made at low cost by injection molding. Thus a simple, low-cost way of reducing vibration of the carriage guide  382  is provided. 
       FIG. 13  is a schematic of a frame  410  together with first carriage guide support  431 , second carriage guide support  432  and third carriage guide support  433 . Also shown is a plane P defined by support ribs  394  in print region  303 . Carriage guide  382  is not shown in order to show other features more clearly, but it extends from first opening  416  to second opening  417 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 13 , support surface  434  of first carriage guide support  431  is located at a distance S 1  from plane P, support surface  434  of second carriage guide support  432  is located at a distance S 2  from plane P, and support surface  434  of third carriage guide support  433  is located at a distance S 3  from plane P. Dashed line  460  indicates the position of the support surface  434  of the third carriage guide support  433 . Comparing the support surfaces  434  of the three carriage guide supports  431 ,  432 ,  433  to the position of the dashed line  460 , it can be seen that S 1  is substantially equal to S 2 , and S 3  is greater than S 1 . In other words, at least before the first biasing force is applied in bias direction  420  near first wall  411  and the second biasing force is applied in bias direction  420  near second wall  412 , the support surface  434  of the carriage guide support  433  is farther from plane P than are the support surfaces  434  of the carriage guide supports  431  and  432  located near the first wall  411  and second wall  412  respectively. The bias force causes bending of the carriage guide  382  (not shown) or deflection downward of third wall  413  near carriage guide support  433  until carriage guide  382  is clamped against the support surfaces  434  of all three carriage guide supports  431 ,  432  and  433 . Typically a difference between S 3  and S 1  is between 0.05 mm and 0.15 mm. 
     Clamping of carriage guide  382  against third carriage guide support  433  substantially eliminates the lowest frequency mode of the carriage guide by forcing a node of vibration near the midpoint of the carriage guide. In addition, the plastic carriage guide supports  431 ,  432  and  433  can have a larger damping constant of mechanical vibration than the damping constant of the carriage guide  382 , which is typically made of metal. The larger damping constant of the plastic carriage guide supports  431 ,  432  and  433 , can convert mechanical vibration energy into thermal energy and further reduce the amplitude of vibrations. Thus, the three point support of the carriage guide  382  described herein is very effective in reducing vibrations and improving print quality. 
     The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention. 
     PARTS LIST 
     
         
           10  Inkjet printer system 
           12  Image data source 
           14  Controller 
           15  Image processing unit 
           16  Electrical pulse source 
           18  First fluid source 
           19  Second fluid source 
           20  Recording medium 
           100  Inkjet printhead 
           110  Inkjet printhead die 
           111  Substrate 
           120  First nozzle array 
           121  Nozzle(s) 
           122  Ink delivery pathway (for first nozzle array) 
           130  Second nozzle array 
           131  Nozzle(s) 
           132  Ink delivery pathway (for second nozzle array) 
           181  Droplet(s) (ejected from first nozzle array) 
           182  Droplet(s) (ejected from second nozzle array) 
           200  Carriage 
           205  Bushing 
           250  Printhead 
           251  Printhead die 
           253  Nozzle array 
           254  Nozzle array direction 
           255  Mounting support member 
           256  Encapsulant 
           257  Flex circuit 
           258  Connector board 
           262  Multi-chamber ink supply 
           264  Single-chamber ink supply 
           270  Ink drops 
           300  Printer chassis 
           301  Paper load entry direction 
           302  Base 
           303  Print region 
           304  Media advance direction 
           305  Carriage scan direction 
           306  Right side of printer chassis 
           307  Left side of printer chassis 
           309  Rear of printer chassis 
           311  Feed roller gear 
           312  Feed roller 
           313  Forward rotation direction (of feed roller) 
           314  Drive gear 
           316  Idle gear 
           320  Media input support 
           323  Idler roller 
           324  Discharge roller 
           325  Star wheel(s) 
           330  Maintenance station 
           340  Media retention plate 
           350  Pick roller 
           351  Rotation direction 
           352  Pick arm assembly 
           370  Stack of media 
           371  First piece of medium 
           380  Carriage motor 
           381  Belt 
           382  Carriage guide 
           383  Linear encoder 
           384  Anti-rotation guide 
           385  Vibration direction 
           386  First end 
           387  Second end 
           388  First groove 
           389  Second groove 
           390  Platen 
           392  Absorbent material 
           394  Support ribs 
           400  Carriage guide assembly 
           410  Frame 
           411  First wall 
           412  Second wall 
           413  Third wall 
           414  Back wall 
           415  Top wall 
           416  First opening 
           417  Second opening 
           420  Bias direction 
           421  First ear 
           422  Second ear 
           423  Third ear 
           424  Fourth ear 
           425  First spring wire 
           426  Second spring wire 
           430  Carriage guide support 
           431  First carriage guide support 
           432  Second carriage guide support 
           433  Third carriage guide support 
           434  Support surface 
           435  Notched pin 
           436  Head 
           437  Shaft 
           438  Projection 
           441  First side 
           442  Second side 
           444  First portion 
           445  Second portion 
           446  Hollowed region 
           451  First hole 
           452  Slot 
           453  Second hole 
           460  Line 
         D Diameter 
         L Length 
         P Plane 
         S 1 , S 2 , S 3  Distance 
         t Thickness 
         w Width 
         X Extent