Patent Publication Number: US-2022228381-A1

Title: Combined prefabricated reinforced concrete stair mold and splicing method

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     This patent application claims the benefit and priority of Chinese Patent Application No. 202110079591.6, filed on Jan. 21, 2021, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety as part of the present application. 
     FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to a prefabricated reinforced concrete stair mold, in particular to a combined prefabricated reinforced concrete stair mold and a splicing method. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Along with the advancement of building industrialization, more and more building components need to be machined in a factory and are hoisted and constructed after being transported to the site, so that the problems of dust flying, noise pollution and the like in concrete cast-in-place are solved, and the development strategy of green buildings is achieved. Due to frequent size change and various types of stair components, quality control is more difficult when concrete is poured on site, and the stair components become the first choice of prefabricated components for building industrialization. 
     Even if the stairs are prefabricated in a factory, a series of problems caused by frequent change of the sizes of the stair treads are important to be considered by a production enterprise. At present, for prefabricated stairs with different tread heights and lengths, moulds need to be customized, the mould manufacturing cost is very high, the mould manufacturing period is very long, the production efficiency of factory prefabricated stairs is seriously affected, the factory price of prefabricated components is very high, the popularization of prefabricated stair products is not facilitated, and the implementation of national green building development strategies is not facilitated. The customized prefabricated stair mold is very poor in universality and very low in use efficiency, so that on one hand, material waste is caused, and on the other hand, the construction waste treatment difficulty is increased. 
     Therefore, the existing technology has the problems of low manufacturing efficiency and high manufacturing cost. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present disclosure aims to provide a combined prefabricated reinforced concrete stair mold and a splicing method. According to the combined prefabricated reinforced concrete stair mold and the splicing method, the characteristics that the manufacturing efficiency is effectively improved and the manufacturing cost is reduced are achieved. 
     Through the technical scheme of the present disclosure, the combined prefabricated reinforced concrete stair mold comprises a bottom mold platform, wherein an upper platform module, a tread module and a lower platform module which are spliced with one another are sequentially arranged on the upper surface of the bottom mold platform, and corner modules are arranged between the upper platform module and the tread module and between the tread module and the lower platform module; the tread module comprises a tread upper surface mold and a tread lower surface mold; and the tread lower surface mold comprises a plurality of combined templates formed by mutual splicing, and the tread upper surface mold comprises a plurality of tread splicing pieces formed by mutual splicing. 
     In the combined prefabricated reinforced concrete stair mold, the upper platform module comprises an upper platform end part mold, and an upper platform upper surface mold and an upper platform lower surface mold are arranged on two sides of the upper platform end part mold respectively; and the lower platform module comprises a lower platform end mold, and a lower platform upper surface mold and a lower platform lower surface mold are arranged on two sides of the lower platform end mold respectively. 
     In the combined prefabricated reinforced concrete stair mold, each of the upper platform upper surface mold, the lower platform upper surface mold, the upper platform lower surface mold and the lower platform lower surface mold comprises one or more combined mold plates formed by splicing. 
     In the combined prefabricated reinforced concrete stair mold, the combined template comprises a slab, side panels are arranged on two sides of the slab respectively, and a plurality of transverse ribs and vertical ribs located between the two side panels are further arranged on the slab; a plurality of long circular holes are formed in the side panel; and the adjacent combined templates are connected and fixed through bolts. 
     In the combined prefabricated reinforced concrete stair mold, the tread splicing piece comprises an L-shaped stair block of an inwards-concave structure, connecting plates which are obliquely distributed are arranged at two ends of the L-shaped stair block, and a group of connecting holes are formed in the connecting plate. 
     In the combined prefabricated reinforced concrete stair mold, an adjusting plate is further arranged between every two adjacent tread splicing pieces, and mounting holes corresponding to the connecting holes are formed in the adjusting plate. 
     In the combined prefabricated reinforced concrete stair mold, the adjusting plate comprises a plate body, an upper notch slope and/or a lower notch slope are/is arranged at the end part of the plate body, and the inclination angle of the upper notch slope and/or the inclination angle of the lower notch slope correspond/corresponds to the inclination angle of the connecting plate. 
     In the combined prefabricated reinforced concrete stair mold, the corner module comprises an upper platform upper corner mold located between the tread upper surface mold and the upper platform upper surface mold, a lower platform upper corner mold located between the tread upper surface mold and the lower platform upper surface mold, an upper platform lower corner mold located between the tread lower surface mold and the upper platform lower surface mold and a lower platform lower corner mold located between the tread lower surface mold and the lower platform lower surface mold. 
     According to a splicing method for realizing a combined prefabricated reinforced concrete stair mold, an upper platform module, a tread module, a lower platform module and corner modules are sequentially fixed to a bottom mold platform according to the shape of a stair, and the method comprises the following steps: 
     according to the shape and the size of an upper platform of the stair, selecting an upper platform end part mold with a corresponding size, selecting a corresponding number of combined templates to be spliced to form an upper platform upper surface mold and an upper platform lower surface mold, and fixedly installing the upper platform upper surface mold and the upper platform lower surface mold on two sides of the upper platform end part mold to obtain the upper platform module; 
     according to the shape and the size of a lower platform of the stair, selecting a lower platform end part mold with a corresponding size, selecting a corresponding number of combined templates to be spliced to form a lower platform upper surface mold and a lower platform lower surface mold, and fixedly installing the lower platform upper surface mold and the lower platform lower surface mold on the two sides of the lower platform end part mold to obtain the lower platform module; 
     according to the shape and size of a tread, selecting a corresponding number of combined templates to be spliced to form a tread lower surface mold; selecting a corresponding number of tread splicing pieces to be spliced to obtain a tread upper surface mold; 
     connecting the tread upper surface mold with the upper platform module and the lower platform module through an upper platform upper corner mold and a lower platform upper corner mold respectively; and connecting the tread lower surface mold with the upper platform module and the lower platform module through an upper platform lower corner mold and a lower platform lower corner mold respectively. 
     In the splicing method of the combined prefabricated reinforced concrete stair mold, adjusting plates between the tread splicing pieces are arranged, and the positions of slopes at the end parts of the adjusting plates are controlled, so that the height and/or length, direction and size of the tread are adjusted. 
     Compared with the prior art, the mold is formed by splicing a plurality of independent modules (an upper platform module, a tread module, a lower platform module and corner modules) with different sizes; a tread lower surface mold, an upper platform upper surface mold, an upper platform lower surface mold, a lower platform upper surface mold and a lower platform lower surface mold of the tread module are formed by splicing one or more combined templates, and the tread upper surface mold is formed by combining and splicing a plurality of tread splicing pieces; the height and/or the length of the stair can be adjusted by arranging the adjusting plates with different notch slopes between the adjacent tread splicing pieces, so that molds of stairs with different tread sizes are generated, the structure is simple, installation is convenient, the manufacturing efficiency of the molds can be effectively improved, all unit molds can be repeatedly used, and then the manufacturing cost can be reduced, and the utilization rate of the unit molds can be improved. In addition, the L-shaped stair blocks of the inwards-concave structures are adopted to form the tread splicing pieces, so that the joints of the tread splicing pieces are located at the upper ends of the treads, the height and the width of the tread can be conveniently adjusted, and the strength of the joints of the treads can be improved. In conclusion, according to the combined prefabricated reinforced concrete stair mold and the splicing method, the characteristics that the manufacturing efficiency is effectively improved and the manufacturing cost is reduced are achieved. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a stereo view in the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  is a top view in the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 3  is a structural view of a combined template; 
         FIG. 4  is a structural view of a tread splicing piece; 
         FIG. 5  is a structural view of an adjusting plate with an upper notch slope; 
         FIG. 6  is a structural view after a tread is adjusted in the length direction; 
         FIG. 7  is an exploded view of  FIG. 6 ; 
         FIG. 8  is a structural view after a tread is adjusted in the height direction; 
         FIG. 9  is an exploded view of  FIG. 8 ; 
         FIG. 10  is a structural view after a tread is adjusted in the length and the height directions; and 
         FIG. 11  is an exploded view of  FIG. 10 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     The present disclosure is further illustrated below in combination with the attached figures and embodiment but not as a basis for the limitation of the present disclosure. 
     Reference signs in the attached figures:  1 , bottom mold platform;  2 , upper platform module;  3 , tread module;  4 , lower platform module;  5 , corner module;  6 , tread upper surface mold;  7 , tread lower surface mold;  8 , combined template;  9 , tread splicing piece;  10 , adjusting plate;  11 , mounting hole;  101 , plate body;  102 , upper notch slope;  103 , lower notch slope;  201 , upper platform end part mould;  202 , upper platform upper surface mold;  203 , upper platform lower surface mold;  401 , lower platform end part mold;  402 , lower platform upper surface mold;  403 , lower platform lower surface mold;  501 , upper platform upper corner mould;  502 , lower platform upper corner mould;  503 , upper platform lower corner mould;  504 , lower platform lower corner mould;  801 , slab;  802 , side panel;  803 , transverse rib;  804 , vertical rib;  805 , long circular hole;  901 , L-shaped stair block;  902 , connecting plate; and  903 , connecting hole. 
     In the embodiment, a combined prefabricated reinforced concrete stair mold, as shown in  FIG. 1  to  FIG. 11 , comprises a bottom mold platform  1 , wherein an upper platform module  2 , a tread module  3  and a lower platform module  4  which are spliced with one another are sequentially arranged on the upper surface of the bottom mold platform  1 , and corner modules  5  are arranged between the upper platform module  2  and the tread module  3  and between the tread module  3  and the lower platform module  4 ; the tread module  3  comprises a tread upper surface mold  6  and a tread lower surface mold  7 ; and the tread lower surface mold  7  comprises a plurality of combined templates  8  formed by mutual splicing, and the tread upper surface mold  6  comprises a plurality of tread splicing pieces  9  formed by mutual splicing. 
     The upper platform module  2  comprises an upper platform end part mold  201 , and an upper platform upper surface mold  202  and an upper platform lower surface mold  203  are arranged on two sides of the upper platform end part mold  201  respectively; and the lower platform module  4  comprises a lower platform end mold  401 , and a lower platform upper surface mold  402  and a lower platform lower surface mold  403  are arranged on two sides of the lower platform end mold  401  respectively. 
     Each of the upper platform upper surface mold  202 , the lower platform upper surface mold  402 , the upper platform lower surface mold  203  and the lower platform lower surface mold  403  comprises one or more combined mold plates  8  formed by splicing. 
     The combined template  8  comprises a slab  801 , side panels  802  are arranged on two sides of the slab  801  respectively, and a plurality of transverse ribs  803  and vertical ribs  804  located between the two side panels  802  are further arranged on the slab  801 ; a plurality of long circular holes  805  are formed in the side panel  802 ; and the adjacent combined templates  8  are connected and fixed through bolts. 
     The tread splicing piece  9  comprises an L-shaped stair block  901  of an inwards-concave structure, connecting plates  902  which are obliquely distributed are arranged at two ends of the L-shaped stair block  901 , and a group of connecting holes  903  are formed in the connecting plate  902 . 
     The connecting hole  903  is a long circular hole. 
     An adjusting plate  10  is further arranged between every two adjacent tread splicing pieces  9 , and mounting holes  11  corresponding to the connecting holes  903  are formed in the adjusting plate  10 . 
     The mounting hole is also a long circular hole. 
     The adjusting plate  10  comprises a plate body  101 , an upper notch slope  102  and/or a lower notch slope  103  are/is arranged at the end part of the plate body  101 , and the inclination angle of the upper notch slope  102  and/or the inclination angle of the lower notch slope  103  correspond/corresponds to the inclination angle of the connecting plate  902 . 
     The corner module  5  comprises an upper platform upper corner mold  501  located between the tread upper surface mold  6  and the upper platform upper surface mold  202 , a lower platform upper corner mold  502  located between the tread upper surface mold  6  and the lower platform upper surface mold  402 , an upper platform lower corner mold  503  located between the tread lower surface mold  7  and the upper platform lower surface mold  203  and a lower platform lower corner mold  504  located between the tread lower surface mold  7  and the lower platform lower surface mold  403 . 
     According to a splicing method for realizing a combined prefabricated reinforced concrete stair mold, an upper platform module, a tread module, a lower platform module and corner modules are sequentially fixed to a bottom mold platform according to the shape of a stair, and the method comprises the following steps: 
     according to the shape and the size of an upper platform of the stair, selecting an upper platform end part mold with a corresponding size, selecting a corresponding number of combined templates to be spliced to form an upper platform upper surface mold and an upper platform lower surface mold, and fixedly installing the upper platform upper surface mold and the upper platform lower surface mold on two sides of the upper platform end part mold to obtain the upper platform module; 
     according to the shape and the size of a lower platform of the stair, selecting a lower platform end part mold with a corresponding size, selecting a corresponding number of combined templates to be spliced to form a lower platform upper surface mold and a lower platform lower surface mold, and fixedly installing the lower platform upper surface mold and the lower platform lower surface mold on the two sides of the lower platform end part mold to obtain the lower platform module; 
     according to the shape and size of a tread, selecting a corresponding number of combined templates to be spliced to form a tread lower surface mold; selecting a corresponding number of tread splicing pieces to be spliced to obtain a tread upper surface mold; 
     connecting the tread upper surface mold with the upper platform module and the lower platform module through an upper platform upper corner mold and a lower platform upper corner mold respectively; and connecting the tread lower surface mold with the upper platform module and the lower platform module through an upper platform lower corner mold and a lower platform lower corner mold respectively. 
     Adjusting plates between the tread splicing pieces are arranged, and the positions of slopes at the end parts of the adjusting plates are controlled, so that the height and/or length, direction and size of the tread are adjusted. 
     When the adjusting plate with an upper notch slope is used, as shown in  FIG. 6  and  FIG. 7 , the adjusting plate only needs to be placed between two tread splicing pieces, the upper notch slope corresponds to the connecting plate on the upper tread splicing piece, bolts penetrate through the mounting holes and the connecting holes and then are fixed through nuts, and then the length of the tread can be adjusted. 
     When the adjusting plate with a lower notch slope is used, as shown in  FIG. 8  and  FIG. 9 , the adjusting plate is placed between two tread splicing pieces, the lower notch slope corresponds to the connecting plate on the lower tread splicing piece, bolts penetrate through the mounting holes and the connecting holes and then are fixed through nuts, and then the height of the tread can be adjusted. 
     When the adjusting plates with the upper notch slope and the lower notch slope are used, as shown in  FIG. 10  and  FIG. 11 , the adjusting plates are placed between two tread splicing pieces, the upper notch slope corresponds to the connecting plate on the upper tread splicing piece, the lower notch slope corresponds to the connecting plate on the lower tread splicing piece, bolts penetrate through the mounting holes and the connecting holes and then are fixed through nuts, and then the length and the height of the tread can be adjusted. 
     A plurality of inclined struts are arranged among the upper platform module, the tread module, the lower platform module and the bottom mold platform. 
     The mold in the present disclosure can be made of steel, aluminum, alloy materials or plastics. 
     The flatness problem at the joints of all the modules can be solved in modes of gluing and the like. 
     The joints of the tread splicing pieces are arranged at the upper ends of stairs. 
     It will be readily understood that the components of various embodiments of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, as represented in the attached figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. 
     The features, structures, or characteristics of the invention described throughout this specification may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. For example, reference throughout this specification to “certain embodiments,” “some embodiments,” or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in certain embodiments,” “in some embodiment,” “in other embodiments,” or similar language throughout this specification do not necessarily all refer to the same group of embodiments and the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. 
     It should be noted that reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present invention should be or are in any single embodiment of the invention. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, discussion of the features and advantages, and similar language, throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, refer to the same embodiment. 
     Furthermore, the described features, advantages, and characteristics of the invention may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize that the invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the invention. 
     One having ordinary skill in the art will readily understand that the invention as discussed above may be practiced with steps in a different order, and/or with hardware elements in configurations which are different than those which are disclosed. Therefore, although the invention has been described based upon these preferred embodiments, it would be apparent to those of skill in the art that certain modifications, variations, and alternative constructions would be apparent, while remaining within the spirit and scope of the invention. In order to determine the metes and bounds of the invention, therefore, reference should be made to the appended claims.