Patent Publication Number: US-2012034576-A1

Title: Dental cleaning device

Description:
The invention relates to a dental cleaning device. 
     Periodontal disease is a gum disease which affects the tissue and bone that supports the teeth. Contraindications of periodontal disease include gum inflammation in the area around the teeth and gum bleeding during brushing. As the disease progresses, the gum recedes and there is loss of supporting bone beneath the gum, resulting in tooth mobility and loss. Periodontal disease is caused by bacteria present on the gum and teeth and can be treated by specific oral hygiene methods and specialist cleaning, carried out by a dental surgeon or dental hygienist. Treatment and prevention of the disease in susceptible individuals would be improved if appropriate cleaning could also be carried out by a patient. 
     An aspect of the invention provides a dental cleaning device comprising a cleaning element and a guide element arranged in a spaced relationship with the cleaning element angled generally towards the guide element such that a space is defined between the cleaning element and the guide element, at least one of the cleaning element and the guide element being movable to increase the space to thereby enable the cleaning element and the guide element to be located either side of part of a tooth. 
     The dental cleaning device facilitates cleaning between the tooth and adjacent gum by the angled cleaning element. The guide element acts to control the angle of the cleaning element relative to the tooth and gum, to ensure that the cleaning element engages the tooth and gum at an angle, so that the cleaning element can clean between the tooth and the gum. 
     Preferably, the cleaning element is provided on a first arm and the guide element is provided on a second arm, the first and second arms being arranged in a spaced relationship. The cleaning device can thus be easily used in relation to teeth at the back of the mouth. 
     At least one of the first arm and the second arm may comprise a section of a flexible material towards one end thereof, the at least one of the cleaning element and the guide element being provided generally at said one end such that it is movable by deflection of the said section. 
     Preferably, each of the first arm and the second arm comprises a first section at said one end and a second section at the other end, the first section being arranged at an angle to the second section. The cleaning element and the guide element can thus be located at a tooth at the back of the mouth without the arms fouling on the front teeth. 
     Preferably, the guide element comprises a further cleaning element, which is angled generally towards the cleaning element. The dental cleaning device can thus be used in relation to teeth on both sides of the mouth. The further cleaning element may also be movable to increase the space. 
     The or each cleaning element may comprise a flexible cleaning element and is thus movable by deflection. The or each cleaning element may comprise a bristle set. The bristle set may have a generally circular cross-section and generally pointed at its distal end. The bristle set is preferably of the type generally used on interspace brushes and is smaller than an adult molar, which it is adapted to clean. The or each cleaning element may further comprise an additional set of bristles provided around the bristle set, the additional set of bristles having a shorter length than the bristle set, such that the bristle set extends beyond the additional set of bristles. 
     Preferably, the or each cleaning element is provided on a movably mounted cleaning head. The cleaning head may be linearly movable such that the or each cleaning element may be linearly movable to increase the space. The cleaning head may alternatively or additionally be rotatably movable and the dental cleaning device may further comprise drive means operable to cause rotation of the cleaning head. 
     The dental cleaning device may further comprise coupling apparatus adapted to couple the device to a handle. 
     Alternatively, the dental cleaning device may further comprise a handle, which may have an angled shape to facilitate location of the cleaning element and guide element at teeth at the back of the mouth without fouling on the front teeth. 
    
    
     
       Embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a diagrammatic representation of a dental cleaning device of a first embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a diagrammatic side view of the device of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a diagrammatic end view of the device of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4  shows a diagrammatic representation of the device of  FIG. 1  in use on a set of lower teeth; 
         FIG. 5  is a diagrammatic representation of a cleaning head and cleaning element for a dental cleaning device according to a second embodiment of the invention; and 
         FIG. 6  is a diagrammatic representation of a dental cleaning device of a third embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     Referring to  FIGS. 1 to 3 , a first embodiment of the invention provides a dental cleaning device  10  comprising first and second cleaning elements  12  arranged in a spaced relationship, with the cleaning elements  12  angled generally towards one another, such that a space  14  is defined between the cleaning elements  12 . 
     In this example, the cleaning elements  12  comprise bristle sets but it will be appreciated that other suitable cleaning elements may alternatively be used. Each cleaning element  12  is provided on a cleaning head  16 . The bristle sets  12  have a generally cylindrical shaped first section  12   a  connected to the cleaning head  16  and a generally rounded pointed distal end section  12   b,  similar to the type of bristle sets used on interspace brushes. The distal ends  12   b  of the bristle sets are smaller than the molars  22 ,  24  that the bristle sets  12  are adapted to clean. The bristle sets  12  each have a maximum height of 12-15 mm, a maximum diameter of 3-6 mm and a width across the rounded point of the distal end section  12   b  of 1-2 mm. 
     The cleaning heads  16  are carried by first and second arms  18 . Each arm  18  comprises a first section  18   a  at one end and a second section  18   b  at its other end. The cleaning head  16  is provided at and forms the distal end of the first section  18   a.  The cleaning head  16  is angled generally downwardly (as orientated in  FIG. 2 ) and away from the first section  18   a.  The cleaning head  16  is additionally angled inwardly (as orientated in  FIGS. 1 and 3 ) such that the two cleaning heads  16  and bristle sets  12  are angled generally towards one another and generally downwardly (as orientated in  FIGS. 2 and 3 ). Coupling apparatus (not shown) are provided internally to the second sections  18   b  and are adapted to couple the device  10  to a handle. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , the first section  18   a  of the arm  18  is angled with respect to the second section  18   b.  This is to provide clearance height of the second section  18   b  over the front teeth when the bristle sets  12  are to be located at the back teeth, as shown in  FIG. 4 . 
     The second sections  18   b  of the arms  18  are coupled to one another at their other ends, and the first sections  18   a  of the arms  18  are arranged in an angled, spaced relationship, as shown in  FIGS. 1 and 3 . 
     The first sections  18   a  of the arms  18  are made of a flexible material, which in this example comprises a thermoplastic but may alternatively comprise nylon. The ends of the first sections  18   a,  and thus the cleaning heads  16 , may therefore be deflected generally outwardly (as orientated in the drawings) in order to increase the size of the space  14  between the bristle sets  12 . The bristle sets  12  are also flexible, and may be deflected outwardly in order to locate around a tooth, as shown in  FIG. 4 . 
     The space  14  defined by the bristle sets  12  is generally slightly smaller than the width of the junction  20  between two molars  22  to  24 , as shown in  FIG. 4 . In use, the bristle sets  12  are located around the junction  20  and the device is pushed gently downwardly onto the teeth  22 ,  24 , the resulting force causing the first sections  18   a  of the arms  18  to deflect, and causing the bristles  12  to deflect, so that the bristles  12  pass over the junction  20  and the teeth  22 ,  24  to come into contact with the gum surrounding the teeth  22 ,  24 . 
     The bristle set  12  located on the inside of the teeth  22 ,  24  acts as a guide to ensure that the bristle set  12  on the outside of the teeth  22 ,  24  is positioned at the correct angle to clean between the teeth  22 ,  24  and the surrounding gum. Similarly, the bristle set  12  located on the outside of the teeth  22 ,  24  acts as a guide for the bristle set  12  on the inside of the teeth  22 ,  24 . The bristle sets  12  are thereby arranged in use at an acute angle to the generally vertical sides of the tooth crown, ensuring that the bristles  12  may be located between the tooth crown and the surrounding gum, to thereby clean between the tooth crown and the gum. 
     The dental cleaning device  10  thereby provides the advantage over toothbrushes and interspace brushes of providing the bristles  12  at the correct angle to clean between the tooth crown and the surrounding gum. Due to the shape and arrangement of known brushes it is very difficult for an unskilled user to locate the bristles at the correct angle in order to clean between the tooth crown and the surrounding gum. 
     The dental cleaning device  10  may be used to prevent and/or treat periodontal disease, and has been tested in this respect to treat teeth having level 3 mobility. Following regular cleaning using the dental cleaning device  10 , tooth mobility was reduced to level 1. 
     In a further example, the cleaning heads  16  may be rotatably mounted on the arms  18 , such that the bristle sets  12  may be rotated during cleaning, in the manner of known mechanical toothbrushes. 
     A second embodiment of the invention provides a dental cleaning device in which the cleaning element  30  further comprises an additional set of bristles  32  provided around the bristle set  12 , as shown in  FIG. 5 . The additional set of bristles  32  have a length substantially equal to the height of the first section  12   a  of the respective bristle set, such that the rounded pointed distal end  12   b  of the bristle set  12  is generally centrally located within the additional set of bristles  32  and appears to extend generally outwardly from the additional set of bristles. 
     It will be appreciated by the person skilled in the arm that the bristle sets  12  may be replaced by any other suitable cleaning element. In addition, rather than the full length of the first sections  18   a  of the arms being flexible, only part of the length of the first sections  18   a  may comprise a flexible material. It may also be sufficient for the cleaning elements to be flexible in order to allow them to be located around the tooth, so that the arms  18  do not need to be flexible themselves. Alternatively, the bristle sets  12  or cleaning elements may be linearly movable within the cleaning head  16 , so that the bristle sets  12  may be linearly moved into the cleaning head  16 , to thereby increase the size of the space  14  between them. 
     As will be understood by the person skilled in the art, periodontal disease generally affects the back teeth more than the front teeth, but the cleaning device  10  may be adapted for cleaning front teeth, particularly by arranging the bristle sets  12  to have a smaller space between them. 
     The dental cleaning device  10  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 4  may be mounted on any suitable handle, including handles for known mechanical toothbrushes. Where rotatably mounted cleaning heads  16  are provided, drive apparatus is provided for the cleaning heads  16 , within the cleaning device  10 , for coupling with a drive source provided within the handle, to drive rotation of the cleaning heads  16  in the known manner. 
       FIG. 6  shows a dental cleaning device  40  according to a third embodiment of the invention. The dental cleaning device  40  comprises a dental cleaning device  10  according to the first embodiment of the invention and a handle  42 . The dental cleaning device  10  and the handle  42  comprise a composite body, such that the device  10  is not removable from the handle  42 . 
     In this example, the handle  42  is angled, in order to provide further clearance over the front teeth, as discussed above. 
     Various modifications may be made to the described dental cleaning devices  10 ,  30  without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the arms  18  may be provided in a different arrangement, and may for example be generally parallel to one another, and connected via a coupling element at their other ends. The bristle sets  12  may be replaced by an alternative suitable cleaning element. The cleaning heads  16  may have a different angular orientation with respect to the first sections  18   a  of the arms  18 , such that a different sized space  14  is defined between the bristle sets or cleaning elements. The angle of the first sections  18   a  of the arms  18  to the second sections  18   b  may be different to that shown. Where the cleaning device  10  is provided with an angled handle the first sections  18   a  of the arms  18  may be arranged at a smaller angle or no angle to the second sections  18   b.