Patent Publication Number: US-11396792-B2

Title: Downhole sleeve tool

Description:
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     Not applicable. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Field of the Disclosure 
     The present disclosure relates generally to a downhole tool for use in a wellbore. Some embodiments pertain to a testable initiator sleeve for use in a workstring. 
     Background of the Disclosure 
     An oil or gas well includes a wellbore extending into a subterranean formation at some depth below a surface (e.g., Earth&#39;s surface), and is usually lined with a tubular, such as casing, to add strength to the well. 
     Production treatment or stimulation of the formation may be necessary to fracture the formation and provide passage of hydrocarbons to the wellbore, from which it can be brought to the surface and produced. Fracturing of formations via horizontal wellbores traditionally involves pumping a stimulant fluid through either a cased or open hole section of the wellbore and into the formation to fracture the formation and produce hydrocarbons therefrom. 
     In some circumstances frac strings are deployed in cased wellbores, in which case perforations are provided in the cemented in system to allow stimulation fluids to travel through the fracing tool and the perforated cemented casing to stimulate the formation beyond. In other cases, fracing is conducted in uncased, open holes. 
     In the case of multistage fracing, multiple frac valve tools are used in a sequential order to frac sections of the formation, typically starting at a toe end of the wellbore and moving progressively towards a heel end of the wellbore. A toe valve is a particular valve located at the toe end of a frac string. It is the first valve on the string to open and to allow communication between an interior of the frac string and the formation beyond. 
     Toe valves, also called toe-initiator sleeves are sometimes designed to open only after a specific number of pressure cycles at specific values have been applied. Once opened, the flow path can be used to either stimulate the formation for production or simply to allow the multistage frac bottom hole assembly (BHA) of choice to be pumped downhole. The completion string can be cemented or not inside the well-bore. 
     Some toe valves, such as that taught in U.S. Pat. No. 9,752,412 use an indexing mechanism in the form of a pin and groove arrangement formed on an outer surface of an inner tubular, and a piston system that allows fluid to move the indexing pin downhole in a pressure test and a biasing device to move the indexing mechanism back uphole when the pressure test is over, and the pin-and-groove arrangement prevents fluid pressure from opening the valve until a predetermined number of pressure tests are complete. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 9,500,063 teaches a toe valve having a port sleeve that is situated in and shifts between an outer mandrel and an inner mandrel. A valve collar has four ports: a cycling port, an actuating port, an output port and an opening port. In a pressure test, fluid is applied through the cycling port to an uphole end of a cartridge to push the cartridge downhole. A spring biases the cartridge back uphole at which point fluid is passes through the actuating port to providing fluid communication downstream to either a next cartridge or to shift the piston valve. A locking rod including at least one locking feature is positioned to retainer the first piston valve in the open position once opened. 
     There is a need is a downhole tool or device suitable to provide multi-cycle operability. 
     SUMMARY 
     Embodiments of the disclosure pertain to a downhole sleeve tool that may include one or more of: a lower sub defining a bore and one or more sleeve ports therethrough; a piston valve positionable within the lower sub to selectively block communication between the bore and the one or more sleeve ports; an upper sub connectable to the lower sub and sharing another bore therewith, said upper sub defining an inlet port, one or more communication ports and an outlet port and comprising one or more cartridge assemblies each housed in a cartridge bore formed in a wall of the upper sub. 
     Any of such cartridge assemblies may include one or more of: a spring rod axially fixed in the cartridge bore; a cartridge sleeve slidably positioned on at least a portion of the spring rod; a spring positioned around the spring rod; a break pin insertable into at least a portion of the cartridge sleeve and enagable with the spring rod to thereby axially fix the cartridge sleeve and hold the spring in compression between the spring rod and the cartridge sleeve. 
     Breakage of the break pin by fluid pressure from the bore and release of fluid pressure may allow extension of the spring and axial movement of the cartridge sleeve, allowing passage of fluid to one or more subsequent cartridge assemblies via a communications port, or allows passage of fluid to an uphole end of the piston valve to thereby shift the valve to allow communication between the central bore and the one or more sleeve ports. 
     Other embodiments herein pertain to a method of opening a downhole sleeve tool. The method may include the step of providing a downhole sleeve tool. The sleeve tool may include one or more of: a lower sub defining a central bore and one or more sleeve ports therethrough; a piston valve slidably positionable within the lower sub to selectively block communication between the central bore and the one or more sleeve ports; an upper sub connectable to the lower sub and sharing a central bore therewith, said upper sub defining an inlet port, one or more communication ports and an outlet port and comprising one or more cartridge assemblies each housed in a cartridge bore formed in a wall of the upper sub. 
     Any of said cartridge assemblies may include a spring rod axially fixed in the cartridge bore; a cartridge sleeve slidably positioned on at least a portion of the spring rod; a spring positioned around the spring rod; a break pin insertable into at least a portion of the cartridge sleeve and enagable with the spring rod to thereby axially fix the cartridge sleeve and hold the spring in compression between the spring rod and the cartridge sleeve. 
     The method may include the step of pressurizing a first cartridge of said downhole tool to break said break pin with fluid pressure from the central bore; releasing fluid pressure to allow extension of the spring and axial movement of the cartridge sleeve; allowing passage of fluid to one or more subsequent cartridge assemblies via a communications port, or allowing passage of fluid to an uphole end of the piston valve to thereby shift the valve to allow communication between the central bore and the one or more sleeve ports. 
     Other embodiments of the disclosure pertain to a downhole sleeve tool that may include a lower sub coupled with an upper sub. The lower sub may include a (central) bore therethrough. The lower sub may have an at least one sleeve port. There may a movable member operable with the lower sub and/or the upper sub. In aspects, there may be a piston valve slidably positionable within the lower sub to selectively block fluid communication (fluid flow) between the bore of the lower sub and the one or more sleeve ports. 
     The upper sub may include an at least one fluid communication port; and an outlet port. The supper sub may have a sidewall. There may be a cartridge bore formed within the sidewall. There may be a cartridge assembly disposed within the cartridge bore. 
     The cartridge assembly may include one or more of: a spring rod; a cartridge sleeve (movably) positioned on an at least a portion of the spring rod; a bias member engaged with the cartridge sleeve; and a break pin comprising a working surface. The break pin may be disposed within at least a portion of the cartridge sleeve. The break pin may be engaged with the spring rod. The break pin may be configured to break from application of a pressure (such as from a fluid) against the working surface. 
     The downhole sleeve tool may include a second cartridge assembly. In aspects, the fluid may enter the second cartridge assembly after the bias member moves the cartridge sleeve to a retracted or second position. An at least one of the cartridge assembly and the second cartridge assembly may have a longitudinal cartridge axis. The downhole sleeve tool may have a respective longitudinal sleeve axis. The longitudinal cartridge axis may be (substantially) orthogonal to the longitudinal sleeve axis. Orthogonal is meant to include a reasonable tolerance for precision, but need not be exactly mathematical orthogonal. 
     The downhole sleeve tool may include a flow control insert. The flow control insert may include an inner radial ridge. The inner radial ridge may include a longitudinal ridge height. In aspects, a portion of the piston valve may be configured to at least partially block the at least one sleeve port when an end of the piston valve is engaged with an end of the inner radial ridge. A blocking ratio of the longitudinal ridge height to a height of the portion is in a ratio range of 0.8 to 1.2. The ratio may be about 1. 
     The downhole tool sleeve may include an upper atmospheric chamber proximate an uphole end of the piston valve. The upper atmospheric chamber may be in fluid communication with the outlet port. The piston valve may be hydraulically balanced until the upper atmospheric chamber is pressurized with fluid transferred from the outlet port. In aspects, the fluid may enter a pressure chamber of the cartridge from the inlet port in order to act on the working surface. The pressure chamber may be sealingly isolated from fluid communication with any other part of the cartridge bore until the break pin breaks. 
     In embodiments, release or reduction of fluid pressure in the pressure chamber may allow for extension or decompression of the bias member, and resultant movement of the cartridge sleeve to the retracted position. Movement of the cartridge sleeve may facilitate the shift of one or more seals between the pressure chamber and a spring atmospheric chamber to thereby allow fluid flow from the pressure chamber to the spring atmospheric chamber, and then to at least one of: a subsequent cartridge assemblies via a communications port, and to the uphole end of the piston valve. 
     The downhole sleeve tool may include a retention plate to axially fix the spring rod in the cartridge assembly. The break pin may be formed with a break diameter at which it breaks, and wherein the break pin threadingly engaged to the spring rod in an assembled, unactivated configuration. 
     Upon breakage of the break pin, a first break pin remnant may remain engaged with the spring rod. A second break pin remnant and the cartridge sleeve may be movable (together or separately) into a break pin atmospheric chamber. One or more seals or o-rings on the cartridge sleeve may be configured to prevent fluid pressure from entering break pin atmospheric chamber. 
     Embodiments herein pertain to a method of opening a downhole sleeve tool. The method may include the step of providing a downhole sleeve tool configured with one or more of: a lower sub comprising: a bore, and at least one lateral sleeve port; a piston valve slidably positionable within the lower sub to selectively block fluid communication between the bore and the at least one sleeve port; an upper sub engaged with the lower sub, the upper sub comprising: an inlet port, an at least one communication port, an outlet port, and a cartridge bore formed in a sidewall of the upper sub; a cartridge assembly disposed and housed within the cartridge bore, the cartridge assembly comprising: a spring rod; a cartridge sleeve positioned on at least a portion of the spring rod; a bias member engaged with the cartridge sleeve in a biased position; a break pin disposed in at least a portion of the cartridge sleeve, and engaged with the spring rod. 
     These and other embodiments, features and advantages will be apparent in the following detailed description and drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a more detailed description of the present disclosure, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  shows a cross-sectional elevation view of an initiator sleeve, in a sleeve closed position, according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 2A  shows a cross-sectional top view taken along line  2 - 2  of  FIG. 1 , depicting the upper sub of the initiator sleeve of  FIG. 1 , showing two cartridges, according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 2B  shows a detailed cross-sectional elevation view taken along line B-B of  FIG. 2A , depicting communication port A and a first stage cartridge, according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 3  shows a detailed cross-sectional side view taken along line  3 - 3  of  FIG. 1 , depicting a cross section of the upper sub with a cartridge, according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 4  shows a cross-sectional elevation view of a cartridge, according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 4A  shows a cross-sectional segmented elevation view of the cartridge of  FIG. 4 , according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 4B  shows a cross-sectional elevation view of the cartridge of  FIG. 4 , according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 4C  shows a further cross-sectional view of the spring rod of the cartridge of  FIG. 4 , connected to the cartridge sleeve of the cartridge of  FIG. 4 , according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 5  shows a detailed cross-sectional side view of the upper sub with one cartridge, in a run-in position, according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 6  shows a detailed cross-sectional side view of the upper sub with one cartridge, showing the break pin in a sheared condition, according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 7  shows a detailed cross-sectional side view of the upper sub with one cartridge, in a spring partially expanded position, according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 8  shows a detailed cross-sectional side view of the upper sub with one cartridge, in a spring fully expanded position, according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 9  shows a cross-sectional elevation view of the initiator sleeve of  FIG. 1 , in a sleeve opened position, according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 10A  shows a detailed cross-sectional view of an upper sub of an initiator sleeve, according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 10B  shows a view of  FIG. 10A , taken long line  10 B, according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 11A  shows a further detailed cross-sectional view of a shear pin of  FIG. 10 ; showing the shear piston extended, according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 11B  shows an upper sub with a rupture disk, according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 12  shows a detailed cross-sectional view of the shear pin of  FIG. 10 , showing the shear piston retracted, according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 13  shows a detailed cross-sectional top view of the upper sub of  FIG. 10 ; 
         FIG. 14  shows a detailed cross-sectional side view of an upper sub of an initiator sleeve, according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 15  shows a detailed cross-sectional elevation view of an upper sub with a further embodiment of a cartridge, in a run-in position, according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 16A  shows a cross-sectional elevation view of a further embodiment of a cartridge, according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 16B  shows a detailed cross-sectional elevation view of the components of the cartridge of the cartridge sleeve of  FIG. 16A , according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 17A  shows a detailed cross-sectional elevation view of the cartridge of  FIG. 15 , in a broken configuration, according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 17B  shows a further detailed view of the cartridge of  FIG. 17A , according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 17C  shows a further detailed view of the cartridge of  FIG. 17A , according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 18  shows a further detailed view of the cartridge of  FIG. 17A , in a fully expanded position, according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 19A  shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a downhole tool sleeve configured with a flow control insert, according to embodiments of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 19B  shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the downhole tool sleeve of  FIG. 19A  with sleeve ports unblocked, according to embodiments of the disclosure; and 
         FIG. 19C  shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the downhole tool sleeve having a flow control insert with one or more sleeve ports partially blocked by a piston valve, according to embodiments of the disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Herein disclosed are novel apparatuses, systems, and methods that pertain to downhole tools usable for wellbore operations, and aspects (including components) related thereto, the details of which are described herein. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying Figures. In the following discussion and in the claims, the terms “including” and “comprising” are used in an open-ended fashion, such as to mean, for example, “including, but not limited to . . . ”. While the disclosure may be described with reference to relevant apparatuses, systems, and methods, it should be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments shown or described. Rather, one skilled in the art will appreciate that a variety of configurations may be implemented in accordance with embodiments herein. 
     Although not necessary, like elements in the various figures may be denoted by like reference numerals for consistency and ease of understanding. Numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the disclosure; however, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments disclosed herein may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily complicating the description. Directional terms, such as “above,” “below,” “upper,” “lower,” “front,” “back,” “right”, “left”, “down”, etc., may be used for convenience and to refer to general direction and/or orientation, and are only intended for illustrative purposes only, and not to limit the disclosure. 
     Connection(s), couplings, or other forms of contact between parts, components, and so forth may include conventional items, such as lubricant, additional sealing materials, such as a gasket between flanges, PTFE between threads, and the like. The make and manufacture of any particular component, subcomponent, etc., may be as would be apparent to one of skill in the art, such as molding, forming, press extrusion, machining, or additive manufacturing. Embodiments of the disclosure provide for one or more components to be new, used, and/or retrofitted. 
     Numerical ranges in this disclosure may be approximate, and thus may include values outside of the range unless otherwise indicated. Numerical ranges include all values from and including the expressed lower and the upper values, in increments of smaller units. As an example, if a compositional, physical or other property, such as, for example, molecular weight, viscosity, melt index, etc., is from 100 to 1,000, it is intended that all individual values, such as 100, 101, 102, etc., and sub ranges, such as 100 to 144, 155 to 170, 197 to 200, etc., are expressly enumerated. It is intended that decimals or fractions thereof be included. For ranges containing values which are less than one or containing fractional numbers greater than one (e.g., 1.1, 1.5, etc.), smaller units may be considered to be 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, etc. as appropriate. These are only examples of what is specifically intended, and all possible combinations of numerical values between the lowest value and the highest value enumerated, are to be considered to be expressly stated in this disclosure. 
     Embodiments herein may be described at the macro level, especially from an ornamental or visual appearance. Thus, a dimension, such as length, may be described as having a certain numerical unit, albeit with or without attribution of a particular significant figure. One of skill in the art would appreciate that the dimension of “2 centimeters” may not be exactly 2 centimeters, and that at the micro-level may deviate. Similarly, reference to a “uniform” dimension, such as thickness, need not refer to completely, exactly uniform. Thus, a uniform or equal thickness of “1 millimeter” may have discernable variation at the micro-level within a certain tolerance (e.g., 0.001 millimeter) related to imprecision in measuring and fabrication. 
     The drawings are not necessarily to scale and in some instances proportions may have been exaggerated in order to more clearly depict certain features. 
     Terms 
     The term “connected” as used herein may refer to a connection between a respective component (or subcomponent) and another component (or another subcomponent), which can be fixed, movable, direct, indirect, and analogous to engaged, coupled, disposed, etc., and can be by screw, nut/bolt, weld, and so forth. Any use of any form of the terms “connect”, “engage”, “couple”, “attach”, “mount”, etc. or any other term describing an interaction between elements is not meant to limit the interaction to direct interaction between the elements and may also include indirect interaction between the elements described. 
     The term “fluid” as used herein may refer to a liquid, gas, slurry, multi-phase, etc. and is not limited to any particular type of fluid such as hydrocarbons. 
     The term “composition” or “composition of matter” as used herein may refer to one or more ingredients, components, constituents, etc. that make up a material (or material of construction). For example, a material may have a composition of matter. Similarly, a device may be made of a material having a composition of matter. The composition of matter may be derived from an initial composition. Composition may refer to a flow stream of one or more chemical components. 
     The term “chemical” as used herein may analogously mean or be interchangeable to material, chemical material, ingredient, component, chemical component, element, substance, compound, chemical compound, molecule(s), constituent, and so forth and vice versa. Any ‘chemical’ discussed in the present disclosure need not refer to a 100% pure chemical. For example, although ‘water’ may be thought of as H2O, one of skill would appreciate various ions, salts, minerals, impurities, and other substances (including at the ppb level) may be present in ‘water’. A chemical may include all isomeric forms and vice versa (for example, “hexane”, includes all isomers of hexane individually or collectively). 
     For some embodiments, a material of construction may include a composition of matter designed or otherwise having the inherent characteristic to react or change integrity or other physical attribute when exposed to certain wellbore conditions, such as a change in time, temperature, water, heat, pressure, solution, combinations thereof, etc. Heat may be present due to the temperature increase attributed to the natural temperature gradient of the earth, and water may already be present in existing wellbore fluids. The change in integrity may occur in a predetermined time period, which may vary from several minutes to several weeks. In aspects, the time period may be about 12 to about 36 hours. 
     The term “fracing” or “frac operation” as used herein may refer to fractionation of a downhole well that has already been drilled. The same may also be referred to and interchangeable with the terms facing operation, fractionation, hydrofracturing, hydrofracking, fracking, hydraulic fracturing, frac, and so on. A frac operation may be land or water based. 
     The present testable toe-initiator sleeve may be used as part of a completions string, in order to create a flow path for the fluid from inside the string to the formation outside (or vice versa), after a specific number of pressure cycle tests at specific values have been applied. Once opened, the flow path can be used to stimulate the formation for production. 
     With reference to the Figures, the present toe-initiator sleeve  2  can be divided into two main components, an upper sub  4  and a lower sub  6 . The upper sub  4  may have hydraulic valving that by means of applied internal hydraulic pressure communicated via a series of communication ports to one or more cartridges  8 A,  8 B, etc, allows the toe-initiator  2  to cycle through a number of adjustable pressure cycles before it opens. The cartridge(s)  8 A etc. may be held in place, such as via a retention plate  40  and respective fasteners  40 A. 
     One or more sleeve ports  20  may be formed into the lower sub  6 . A piston valve  10  may be located in an inner lower sub bore  9  of the lower sub  6 , which may be a (primary) barrier for fluid from an inner sleeve bore  12  of the toe-initiator  2  to access the formation via sleeve ports  20 . When the toe-initiator  2  is run-in, and during pressure testing, the piston valve  10  may be in a state of hydraulic balance. A difference in hydraulic areas may be provided between an uphole end of the piston valve  10 , as seen by D 2  and a downhole end of the piston valve  10 , as seen by D 1 . This difference in hydraulic areas may facilitate or generate a positive force up-hole suitable to keep the piston valve  10  closed with fluid in the bore  12 . 
     This equilibrium may be maintained as long as an upper atmospheric chamber  14  and a lower atmospheric chamber  16  are maintained free of fluid. To prevent the piston valve  10  from being shifted inadvertently one or more shear shrews  18  may be used to connect the piston valve  10  to the lower sub  6 . The shear screws  18  may be sheared when the upper atmospheric chamber  14  is flooded with sufficient fluid, whereby force (pressure) acts on an uphole end  10   a  of the piston valve  10  to overcome (break, shear, etc.) the shear screws. Thereafter, the piston valve  10  may move (e.g., downhole), thereby opening (by no longer blocking) sleeve ports  20 . Fluid may be transferred to the upper atmospheric chamber  14  through the hydraulic valving (see, e.g.,  FIGS. 2A / 2 B) of the upper sub  4 . 
       FIGS. 2A and 2B  illustrate details of the upper sub  4  and hydraulic valving of the present toe initiator  2 . The hydraulic valving assembly  11  may include one or more stages. Any such individual stage may have the exact same or comparable machined features, parts, and functionality, and may be connected (such as in series) by a number of communication ports. 
       FIGS. 2A and 2B  together show a first stage may communicate (e.g., fluid communication) directly with the fluid inside the bore  12  of the toe initiator sleeve  2  via a hole cut through the upper sub  4  that forms a first communication port  22  (or sometimes may be referred to as inlet port  22 ). The first communication port  22  may optionally include a plug  24  disposed therein (via on an outer surface of the upper sub  4 ). The valve assembly  11  (via the communication port  22 ) may include a number of embodiments for controlling access to fluid into communication port  22 , as discussed in relation to  FIGS. 10 to 14  later herein. 
     After the first stage has been pressured up in a first pressure test or cycle, fluid may be allowed to travel to a next stage. The next stage may involve travel of fluid via a second communication port  26 A to a second stage of pressure testing. Alternatively, the first stage or any stage may serve as the last stage after which pressurized fluid flows to access the upper atmospheric chamber  14  via a final communication port  28 , also called an outlet port  28 , and as such facilitate or trigger the shift or movement of the piston valve  10  into the open position. In  FIGS. 2A and 2B , the fluid travels to a second stage via a second communication port  26 A. A second pressure test is performed until the second stage is functioned, allowing fluid to move to the next stage. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 3 , details are shown of one embodiment of one stage of the present toe initiator  2 . The stage may include a valve assembly ( 11 ,  FIG. 2A ). The components and functionality of each stage may be exact or comparable. The arrangement and operation of cartridges  8 A,  8 B,  8 C, etc. inside the upper sub  4  in relation to one other and in relation to the upper atmospheric chamber  14  may create or form an adjustable number of pressure cycles that may be used or applied to the toe initiator  2  prior to opening of the toe initiator  2 . This is described in more detail herein. 
     Preferably, each stage may include a cartridge bore  30  formed inside the upper sub  4 , and a cartridge assembly  8 . In assembly, the cartridge  8  may be disposed (inserted) in the cartridge bore  30 , and thereby form or create one or more sealed chambers. The cartridge bore  30  may be formed in a sidewall of the upper sub  4 . The sealed chamber(s) may include a pressure chamber  34  and one or more atmospheric chambers. As shown here, there may be a first and second atmospheric chamber, namely, a break pin atmospheric chamber  36  and a spring atmospheric chamber  38 . The atmospheric chambers  36 ,  38  may be separated or isolated by or from the pressure chamber  34 . 
     A communication port (for example,  FIGS. 2A-2B , port  22  or  26 ) may be in fluid communication with the pressure chamber  34 , and may be configured to bring or facilitate introduction of pressurized fluid into the pressure chamber  34 . In the case of the first stage, fluid may enter the pressure chamber  34  from a first communication port ( 22 ). In the case of any subsequent stages, fluid may be introduced into the pressure chamber  34  from subsequent communications ports (i.e.,  26 A,  26 B, etc.), connecting earlier stages to subsequent stages. 
     The spring atmospheric chamber  38  of one stage may be in fluid communication with a pressure chamber  34  of a subsequent stage via a subsequent communications port  26 A,  26 B. Alternatively, in the case of a last stage, the spring atmospheric chamber  38  may be in fluid communication with the upper atmospheric chamber  14  via an outlet communications port ( 28 ,  FIG. 2A ). Established fluid communication of a spring atmospheric chamber of one stage with either the pressure chamber of the following stage or the atmospheric chamber  14  may allow for setting of the number of pressure cycles as may be desired. 
     A retention plate  40  may be installed or formed on an end of the cartridge  8  and assists in restricting movement of the cartridge  8 . In an embodiment, the retention plate  40  may be a separate component that may be affixed to the upper sub  4  via one or more screws ( 40 A,  FIG. 2A ), or other well known fasteners. 
     With reference now to  FIGS. 4, 4A, 4B and 4C , further details of a cartridge assembly are provided, in accordance with embodiments herein. As shown, the cartridge assembly  8  may include a spring rod  42  with a cartridge sleeve  44  positioned movingly (e.g., slidingly) over at least a portion  42   a  of the spring rod  42 . A suitable bias member may be disposed or located around the spring rod  42 . While not limited, the bias member may be a spring  46 . The spring  46  may be kept in a preloaded compressed (energized) state between an abutting end  42 A of the spring rod  42  and an abutting opposite end  44 A of the cartridge sleeve  44 . 
     The cartridge sleeve  44  in turn may be held in place axially by a break pin  48 . The break pin  48  may be inserted into the cartridge sleeve  44 , and may have a pin shoulder  48 A abut against an internal sleeve profile  44 B of the cartridge sleeve  44 . Pin  48  (such as via pin head  39 ) may be engaged with the spring rod  42 . Engagement between the break pin  48  and the spring rod  42  may be via threaded connection  47 . One or more seals  50  may be used to sealingly and fluidly isolate the pressure chamber  34  and two atmospheric chambers  36  and  38  (see also  FIG. 3 ). In assembly, the break pin  48  may hold the sleeve  44  in place via engagement with the profile  44 B, and the threaded engagement  47  (see mating threads  49 A,  49 B,  FIG. 4A ). 
     The cartridge  8  may have a longitudinal cartridge axis  13 . In an analogous manner, the sleeve  2  may have a longitudinal axis  3 . In an embodiment, the axes  3  and  13  may be generally parallel to each other. In other embodiments, the axes  3  and  13  may be offset. As shown here, the axis  3  may be contemplated as being orthogonal or perpendicular to each other (one of skill would appreciate the axes need not bisect). 
     In this respect, the cartridge  8  may be installed in a horizontal manner (orientation) with respect to the vertical nature of the sleeve  2  (or associated workstring). The use of a horizontal configuration may make it easier to insert or replace the cartridge without having to remove or disconnect portions of the workstring from one another. 
       FIG. 4C  shows the cartridge sleeve  44  may have a first inner cartridge diameter D 3  smaller in size than a second cartridge diameter D 4 . This may result in the presence of a working surface  51  within the sleeve  44 . The difference between diameters D 3  and D 4  may provide or create a hydraulic imbalance across the sleeve  44 . Fluid pressure acting on the working surface  51  may help keep the spring  46  compressed. 
     With reference now to  FIG. 5 , it may be seen that the cartridge  8  (or as part of valve assembly  11 ,  FIG. 2A ) may insert within the cartridge bore  30  in a manner to form the pressure chamber  34 . The pressure chamber  34  may be the void or space between a first bore recess  45  and a pin recess  55 . Fluid may flow or be introduced into the pressure chamber  34 , whereby two hydraulic active areas are created that act against the two atmospheric chambers ( 36  and  38 ,  FIG. 3 ). 
     The first hydraulic active area may be generated by the seal  50 A installed on the break pin  48  in a manner to sealingly engage the break pin  48  outside diameter (or outer pin surface) against an inside diameter (or inner sleeve surface) of the cartridge sleeve  44 . The pressure on this hydraulic active area may place the break pin  48  in tension relative to the spring rod  42 . This may occur as a result of the break pin  48  being engaged with the spring rod  42 , and the spring rod  42  may be held in place by the retention plate  40 . This diameter  48 A may define the magnitude of the hydraulic imbalance and the force load that tries to break the break pin  48 . This force need not impinge upon the cartridge sleeve  44 . 
     The second hydraulic active area is generated by a difference between the seal  50 A and the seal  50 C installed inside the cartridge sleeve  44  sealing on the spring rod  42 . Together the diameter  48 A and break diameter  48 B, these hydraulic imbalance diameters may result or create an axial load acting on the cartridge sleeve  44  in the direction needed to prevent the spring from decompressing (compare to spring decompression in  FIG. 7 ). 
     With reference now to  FIG. 6 , when a pressure is applied against the break pin seal diameter  48 A, the pin  48  may break at the break diameter  48 B. The break of the pin  48  may result in one part of pin head  39  left engaged into or with the spring rod  42 , and another pin portion  48 C movable within the break pin atmospheric chamber  36 . The break may occur while still maintaining a positive seal inside the cartridge sleeve  44 . With the break pin  48  now broken, the break pin  48  may no longer abut cartridge sleeve  44  against spring  46 . As such, only fluid pressure may hold the spring  46  in a compressed state at this point. The pressure at which the break pin breaks  48  may be adjustable and/or predetermined. This pressure may be sufficient to hold the spring  46  in compression by acting on the cartridge sleeve hydraulic imbalance during and the pin breakage. 
     When the break pin remnant  48 C is in its resting position and the spring  46  is fully compressed, pressure inside the pressure chamber can be increased to a desired pressure for pressure testing. The hydraulic imbalance may be built into the cartridge sleeve by having diameter  48 A (reference to  50 A) larger than break diameter  48 B diameter (reference to  50 C) so as long as there is fluid pressure inside the pressure chamber the imbalance will exist. Varying the size of the hydraulic imbalance and the fluid pressure may control the force load acting on the spring  46  at the time of pin breakage to be greater than the spring preload value. 
     With reference now to  FIGS. 7 and 8  together, maintaining a high-pressure (or desired pressure) value inside the pressure chamber ( 34 ,  FIG. 6 ) may provide the cartridge  8  with ability to keep or hold the spring  46  in a compressed or biased state. In turn, reducing the pressure to a controlled value may allow the bias of the spring  46  to push or otherwise urge the cartridge sleeve  44  over the break pin  48  (or portion  48 C). Seal  50 D that had previously isolated the spring atmospheric chamber  38  from the pressure chamber  34  may now shift to unseal and permit pressurized fluid to migrate into the spring atmospheric chamber  38 . 
     With reference specifically to  FIG. 8 , once the fluid has been released from the pressurized chamber ( 34 ) into the spring atmospheric chamber  38  the increased hydraulic area created against the break pin atmospheric chamber  36  will trigger, in conjunction with the spring force, a push of the cartridge sleeve  44  into a fully moved (retracted) position shown here, thus allowing the fluid bypass to be easily maximized. Fluid may now travel or flow freely through the spring atmospheric chamber  38  into either a pressure chamber  34  of a subsequent stage, where the cycle shown in  FIGS. 5 to 8  may be repeated, or if the stage is the last stage, fluid may flow into the upper atmospheric chamber  14  on an uphole side of the piston valve ( 10 ,  FIG. 1 ). Although some embodiments shown illustrate two stages, the number of stages can vary from only one to more than two without any consequential difference in the form, fit and function of the mechanism described. In embodiments, there may be about 1 stage to about 20 stages. 
     Now referring to  FIG. 9 , a sleeve-opened position of a sleeve tool, in accordance with embodiments herein, is shown.  FIG. 1  originally shows the piston valve  10 , which may initially be closed via one or more sheer screws  18  coupled therewith, may be hydraulically balanced. As such, the piston valve  10  may not move when fluid or down-hole tools are pumped through the inside bore  12  of the sleeve. However, when the valve assembly ( 11 ) of the upper atmospheric chamber  14  is filled with pressurized fluid, the pressure may eventually be communicated through outlet port  28 . There may thus be a hydraulic imbalance may be created against the lower atmospheric chamber  16 . This imbalance may ultimately result in the shearing of the shear screws  18 , and subsequent movement of the piston valve  10  into its open position shown in  FIG. 9 . This results in the opening of the sleeve ports  20  between the inside  12  and the outside of the sleeve. 
     Referring now  FIGS. 10A to 14  together, two alternate embodiments for the (temporary) plugging of a first communication port  22  of a cartridge  8 , in accordance with embodiments herein, are shown.  FIGS. 10A to 14  show one or more mechanism(s) that may open the flow path through the port  22  at a predetermined pressure value(s). This may be useful to prevent undesired plugging, such as from cement migrating into this port while cementing the well. 
     In the embodiments presented, fluid inside the toe initiator sleeve  2  may be prevented from accessing the first communication port  22  either by plugging it with plug device, such as a shear mechanism  60  or by the use of a rupture disk  70  (such as seen in  FIG. 11B ). The plug device may be configured and sized to break at desired pressure values above known threshold, such as the absolute cementing pressure. Once breached, the plug device ( 60 ,  70 ) may now allow fluid into the pressure chamber  34  of the first stage. 
     The shear mechanism  60  may include a shear pin  62  and a shear piston  64 , such as shown in  FIG. 11A . The shear pin  62  may prevent the shear piston  64  from moving into a pin receptacle or holder  68  as long as the fluid inside the toe initiator sleeve  2  does not exceed a predetermined value. The activation (shear, break, etc.) value may be adjusted and/or predetermined for different applications. Regardless of what plug device may be used, activation may occur. For example, when the predetermined pressure value reaches the shear pin  62  shear point, the shear pin  62  may shear, thereby allowing the sheared pin and shear piston  64  to be displaced inside the holder  68 , as seen in  FIG. 12 . This results in the first communication port  22  being opened, and fluid communication established. 
     A seal  66  may be disposed between the shear piston  64  and the pin holder  68 . The seal  66  may sealingly ensure that the piston  64  remains inside the holder  68  while multiple pressure cycles are applied to the hydraulic valving assembly, without hindrance. 
     With reference to  FIGS. 15 to 18  together, a cartridge  108  having an alternative configuration, in accordance with embodiments herein, are shown. Cartridge  108  may work on or via similar principles as previously described for cartridge  8 . While it need not be exactly the same, initiator sleeve  102  with cartridge  108  may include various features and components like that of other systems or tools described herein, and thus components thereof may be duplicate or analogous, and thus may not be described in detail and/or only in brevity, if at all. 
     As shown here, in embodiments the cartridge  108  may include an additional break pin rod  150 . The break pin rod  150  may be held (axially) in place within a break pin rod atmospheric chamber  152 . The break pin  148  is threaded directly into cartridge sleeve  144  at one end while the second end is axially moveable within the spring rod  142 . 
     When the break pin  148  breaks due to force (such as via hydraulic pressure), one portion of the break pin  148 A moves towards the spring rod  142  and a second portion  148 B remains threaded to the cartridge sleeve  144  (see  FIG. 17A ). Once the break pin  148  is broken, a pressure test may be performed, as a fluid communication path may be established through the cartridge  108 . The pressure applied via the test cycle or otherwise may be sufficient to keep a bias member, such as spring  146 , in an energized or biased (such as compressed state). 
     When the pressure test is completed, reducing the pressure to a controlled minimum or predetermined value may provide for the spring  146  to push the cartridge sleeve  144  over the break pin rod  150  (see  FIG. 18 ). Seals that had previously isolated a spring atmospheric chamber  138  from a pressure chamber  134  are now shifted to unseal and permit the pressurized fluid to migrate into the spring atmospheric chamber  138 . 
     The increased hydraulic area (compare smaller inner diameter D 5  to larger inner diameter D 6 ), in conjunction with the spring force, a push of the cartridge sleeve  144  into a fully retracted position, thus allowing the fluid bypass to be easily maximized. The fluid may now flow or communicate freely through the spring atmospheric chamber  138  into either a pressure chamber  34 / 134  of a subsequent stage, or if the stage is the last stage, fluid will flow into the upper atmospheric chamber (see  14 ,  FIG. 1 ) on an uphole side of the piston valve ( 10 ). 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 19A, 19B, and 19C , a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a downhole tool sleeve configured with a flow control insert, a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the downhole tool sleeve with sleeve ports fully unblocked, and a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the downhole tool sleeve having a flow control insert with one or more sleeve ports partially blocked by a piston valve, in accordance with embodiments herein, are shown. 
     While it need not be exactly the same, initiator sleeve  202  with cartridge  208  may include various features and components like that of other systems or tools described herein, and thus components thereof may be duplicate or analogous, and thus may not be described in detail and/or only in brevity, if at all. 
     The downhole sleeve tool  202  may have an upper sub  204  and lower sub  206 . The lower sub  206  may have one or more sleeve ports  220  to facilitate flow into and/or out of the sleeve tool  202 . As shown here, there may be one or more intermediary or housings or subs  207 ,  209 , any of which may additionally or alternatively have one or more sleeve ports  220 . The subs  204 ,  206 ,  207 , and/or  209  may be engaged with a respective proximate sub. Engagement may be threadingly, securingly, and so forth. 
     The upper sub  204  may have an at least one cartridge assembly  208  according to any embodiment herein. As such, the cartridge assembly  208  may be configured to control flow through the tool  202 . Upon activation, fluid may flow through the cartridge assembly, through outlet port  228 , and against a piston valve  210 . 
     The piston valve  210  may be held in place via one or more shear screws or the like. Provided a sufficient amount of force is applied, the one or more shear screws may shear, and the piston valve  210  may slide or otherwise be urged from a closed position ( FIG. 19A ) to an open position ( 19 B/ 19 C).  19 B illustrates a generally full open position, such that the slots (and entire length L 1  or opening) are unblocked. Of note, the sleeve  202  may have a flow control insert  232  disposed therein. 
     The insert  232  may be an annular sleeve body, and be disposed within (at least partially) the lower sub  206 . The insert  232  may have an annular ridge  232 A, which may extend radially inward. Accordingly, when the piston valve  210  moves open, an end  210 A of the valve  210  may engage or otherwise come to rest against the annular ridge  232 A. The annular ridge  232 A may have a longitudinal height or length L 2 . The length L 2  may be modified or adjusted to accommodate a proportional amount of desired movement of the valve  210 . 
     For example,  FIG. 19C  shows a larger length L 3  that results in the valve  210  only moving far enough to yet still partially block the ports  220 . This may result in reduced or throttled flow of fluid F through the sleeve  202 . 
     Advantages 
     Embodiments of the disclosure may provide for compact downhole sleeve tool design capable of withstanding high pressures and temperatures in a small envelope (large inside dia. and small outside dia.). This means there may be a “two-layered” sleeve design, which may provide for an essential feature. 
     Embodiments herein may provide for a modular design allows for fast set-up changes. The pressure cartridges may easily be accessible and interchanged without having to remove any major component(s). The upper (or top) and lower (or bottom) subs may be replaced without affecting any of the atmospheric chambers. 
     Other advantages provide for a frac port opening that may be adjusted without difficulty to vary from matching the sleeve ID to the desired restricted size. 
     The piston valve may be beneficially kept form prematurely opening (on top of members coupling it to the housing) by a force imbalance generated by simply exposing the sleeve to internal pressure. As such, a positive force (proportional with the internal pressure) across this component is biasing the sleeve closed. 
     Embodiments herein may provide for Short and compact design due to the tangential (or orthogonal, perpendicular, offset, etc.) orientation of the cartridge/stage bores. There may be a sufficient number of pressure cartridge capable of a large number of set-ups to match the customer requirements. 
     While preferred embodiments of the disclosure have been shown and described, modifications thereof can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and teachings of the disclosure. The embodiments described herein are exemplary only, and are not intended to be limiting. Many variations and modifications of the disclosure disclosed herein are possible and are within the scope of the disclosure. Where numerical ranges or limitations are expressly stated, such express ranges or limitations should be understood to include iterative ranges or limitations of like magnitude falling within the expressly stated ranges or limitations. The use of the term “optionally” with respect to any element of a claim is intended to mean that the subject element is required, or alternatively, is not required. Both alternatives are intended to be within the scope of the claim. Use of broader terms such as comprises, includes, having, etc. should be understood to provide support for narrower terms such as consisting of, consisting essentially of, comprised substantially of, and the like. 
     Accordingly, the scope of protection is not limited by the description set out above but is only limited by the claims which follow, that scope including all equivalents of the subject matter of the claims. Each and every claim is incorporated into the specification as an embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, the claims are a further description and are an addition to the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure. The inclusion or discussion of a reference is not an admission that it is prior art to the present disclosure, especially any reference that may have a publication date after the priority date of this application. The disclosures of all patents, patent applications, and publications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference, to the extent they provide background knowledge; or exemplary, procedural or other details supplementary to those set forth herein.