Patent Publication Number: US-9907096-B2

Title: Recovery of established emergency video calls

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/039,633 filed Sep. 27, 2013 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/499,868 filed Sep. 29, 2014 the entirety of which are both hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to the management of emergency calls, and in particular to systems, apparatuses and methods for re-establishing calls or messaging sessions at a Public-Safety Answering Points. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Emergency call services, such as 9-1-1 in North America, establish a call between a caller and an operator. The operator can direct the response to the emergency. For example, a caller may call to report a car accident and the operator can dispatch emergency vehicles. 
     When an established call is dropped, for example due to a failure of a component in the communication path, the operator may attempt to re-establish the call with the caller by calling back to the number. However, calling back can be problematic as it requires additional time, requires the caller to hang the existing call and/or requires the caller to answer the call as well as other potential problems. 
     It is desirable to be able to be able to re-establish emergency calls between a caller and an operator with no intervention by the caller. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Further features and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in combination with the appended drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  depicts an environment in which the present call re-establishment may be used; 
         FIG. 2  depicts a call re-establishment system and process; 
         FIG. 3  depicts a further call re-establishment system and process; 
         FIG. 4  depicts a process flow for re-establishing emergency calls; 
         FIG. 5  depicts components of a call answer node capable of re-establishing emergency calls; 
         FIG. 6  depicts a method of re-establishing an emergency call; 
         FIG. 7  depicts a further method of re-establishing an emergency call; 
         FIG. 8  depicts a further method of re-establishing IM or SMS emergency call; 
         FIG. 9  depicts an environment in which the present call re-establishment may be used for video calls. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In accordance with the present disclosure, there is provided a method of re-establishing a video call session comprising: receiving an emergency video call establishment request at a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) proxy, the video call originating from a caller device; directing, from the SIP proxy, establishment of a call leg for the emergency call between a first emergency call answer node and an emergency operator workstation; directing, from the SIP proxy, establishment of a call leg for the emergency call between the first emergency call answer node and an emergency call gateway; detecting, at the SIP proxy, a failure of the first emergency call answer node during the emergency call from the caller device wherein detecting the failure of the first emergency call answer node at the SIP proxy uses a heartbeat signal between the first emergency call answer node and the SIP proxy; causing, with the SIP proxy, transmittal of one of a call establishment request or the previously received call establishment request to a second emergency call answer node; receiving the SIP session establishment request at the second emergency call answer node, the session establishment request having an indication of the previously established video call session between an operator workstation and a sending device to be re-established; checking a recovery queue at the second emergency call answer node for a previously received video call session establishment request having a matching indication for the previously established video call session to re-establish; and bridging at the second emergency call answer node a session leg for the received session establishment request and a session leg for the previously received session establishment request having the matching indication for the previously established video call session to re-establish the video call session between the operator workstation and the calling device when a match is found between the SIP proxy and the operator workstation. 
     In accordance with the present disclosure, there is an apparatus for re-establishing a video call session comprising: a processor unit for executing instructions; and a memory for storing instructions, which when executed by the processor unit configure the apparatus to: receiving an emergency video call establishment request at a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) proxy, the video call originating from a caller device; directing, from the SIP proxy, establishment of a call leg for the emergency call between a first emergency call answer node and an emergency operator workstation; directing, from the SIP proxy, establishment of a call leg for the emergency call between the first emergency call answer node and an emergency call gateway; detecting, at the SIP proxy, a failure of the first emergency call answer node during the emergency call from the caller device wherein detecting the failure of the first emergency call answer node at the SIP proxy uses a heartbeat signal between the first emergency call answer node and the SIP proxy; causing, with the SIP proxy, transmittal of one of the call establishment request or the previously received call establishment request to a second emergency call answer node; receiving the SIP session establishment request at the second emergency call answer node, the session establishment request having an indication of the previously established video call session between an operator workstation and a sending device to be re-established; checking a recovery queue at the second emergency call answer node for a previously received video call session establishment request having a matching indication for the previously established video call session to re-establish; and bridging at the second emergency call answer node a session leg for the received session establishment request and a session leg for the previously received session establishment request having the matching indication for the previously established video call session to re-establish the video call session between the operator workstation and the calling device when a match is found between the SIP proxy and the operator workstation. 
     In accordance with the present disclosure, there is provided a system for re-establishing a video call session received at a public safety answering point. The public safety answering point comprising an emergency call answer node and a SIP proxy noted. The public safety answering point comprising: a processor unit for executing instructions; and a memory for storing instructions, which when executed by the processor unit configure the apparatus to: convert a received video call protocol to a SIP protocol; receive a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) video call session establishment request having an indication of a previously established video call session between an operator workstation and a sending device to re-establish; checking a recovery queue for a previously received video call session establishment request having a matching indication for the previously established video call session to re-establish; and bridge a video call session leg for the received video call session establishment request and a video call session leg for the previously received video call session establishment request having the matching indication for the previously established video call session to re-establish when a match is found. The SIP proxy node comprising: a processor unit for executing instructions; and a memory for storing instructions, which when executed by the processor unit configure the SIP proxy node to: receive an video call session initiation request; direct establishment of a video call session leg for the video call session between an initial video call session answer node and an emergency call operator workstation; direct establishment of a video call session leg for the video call session between the initial video call session answer node and an video call session gateway; detect a failure of the initial video call session answer node; and cause, with the SIP proxy, transmittal of one of the SIP video call session establishment request or the previously received video call session establishment request. 
     In accordance with the present disclosure, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable memory containing instructions for execution by a processor, the instructions for performing a method of re-establishing a video call session comprising: receiving an emergency video call establishment request at a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) proxy, the video call originating from a caller device; directing, from the SIP proxy, establishment of a call leg for the emergency call between a first emergency call answer node and an emergency operator workstation; directing, from the SIP proxy, establishment of a call leg for the emergency call between the first emergency call answer node and an emergency call gateway; detecting, at the SIP proxy, a failure of the first emergency call answer node during the emergency call from the caller device wherein detecting the failure of the first emergency call answer node at the SIP proxy uses a heartbeat signal between the first emergency call answer node and the SIP proxy; causing, with the SIP proxy, transmittal of one of the call establishment request or the previously received call establishment request to a second emergency call answer node; receiving the SIP session establishment request at the second emergency call answer node, the session establishment request having an indication of the previously established video call session between an operator workstation and a sending device to be re-established; checking a recovery queue at the second emergency call answer node for a previously received video call session establishment request having a matching indication for the previously established video call session to re-establish; and bridging at the second emergency call answer node a session leg for the received session establishment request and a session leg for the previously received session establishment request having the matching indication for the previously established video call session to re-establish the video call session between the operator workstation and the calling device when a match is found between the SIP proxy and the operator workstation. 
     Emergency calls or messages are placed to a single number and routed to an appropriate answering point. The emergency number is generally common to a large geographic area, for example, 9-1-1 in North America or 1-1-2 in Europe. The emergency call infrastructure may be provided by various interacting systems. Modern emergency call answering centers, which may be referred to as Public-Safety Answering Points (PSAPs), make use of Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) functionality for managing emergency audio or video calls or messaging sessions. Using SIP, emergency calls can be established as a number of connected call legs. For example, a call leg may be established between the calling device and an application server of a PSAP. The application server may locate an available operator, establish another call leg from the application server to the operator and then bridge the two call legs to establish the call between the caller and emergency operator. The application server may provide additional functionality, such as call transfer, call recording, etc. 
     When an application server at a PSAP fails, emergency calls that were established through the application server will be disconnected. As will be appreciated, it is desirable to be able to quickly re-establish the lost calls. The term ‘call’ may be used to also refer to a messaging session. In re-establishing the calls it is desirable to have the same caller re-connected with the same operator in order to avoid confusion, or wasted time having to explain an emergency situation to a new operator. Further, it is desirable to re-establish lost calls without intervention by the user. As described further below, it is possible to detect a failure of an application server and re-establish call legs to a secondary or back-up server, which can then bridge call legs of previously established calls in order to re-establish the previous calls. When a video call are initiated to an emergency service, conversion between proprietary protocols to SIP video format is required. A format converter can be utilized at an emergency call gateway to process the incoming video format to a SIP format to be directed to an emergency operator. 
       FIG. 1  depicts an environment in which the present call re-establishment may be used. The environment  100  includes a number of different technologies for establishing a call. The technologies may include, for example, cellular or mobile infrastructure  102 , a Public-Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) infrastructure  104  and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) or Video over Internet Protocol infrastructure  106 . One or more networks  108  allow a call from any of the infrastructures  102 ,  104 ,  106  to be routed to an emergency call gateway  110 . The emergency call gateway can route the call to an appropriate PSAP  112 . The cellular/mobile network  102  can provide voice data, video data and messaging technologies by any wireless standard support voice, video, data and/or messaging services. 
     The network routes a call to the emergency call gateway  110 . Although only a single emergency call gateway  110  is depicted, a plurality of gateways may be provided. The additional gateways may serve different geographic areas and/or may provide backup functionality in case of a failure of the gateway  110 . When a call is received at the gateway  110  it can establish the call through the emergency call servers  114  of PSAP  112 . The emergency call servers  114  may comprise a call answering server or server that receives the routed call and connects the call to an available emergency operator. The operators may be located in one or more locations  118 ,  120 . In order to provide redundancy in case of equipment failure or malfunction, the PSAP  112  may include additional redundant emergency call servers  116 . The redundant emergency call servers  116  provide the same functionality as the emergency call servers  114 , however are intended to be used when the emergency call servers  114  fail or experience an interruption. The redundant emergency call servers  116  may be located in different physical locations to ensure that a physical disruption that caused the emergency call servers  114  to fail, such as a local power failure or hardware failure, that would not also cause the redundant servers  116  to fail. 
     When an emergency call servers  114  fails, due to a server or component failure, any established calls on the server will be dropped. As described further herein, the dropped calls can be re-established on the redundant back-up emergency call server  116  with no interaction from the caller. The call can be re-established with the same operator and as such the caller will not notice any impact from the failed call server, other than a possible period of silence and a fixed image as the call is re-established. 
       FIG. 2  depicts a call re-establishment system and process. As depicted, an emergency call can be placed from a phone  202 . Although depicted as a desk phone, the call may be established from any number of calling devices, including mobile device, cellular telephones, and VoIP user agents. The call is routed from the phone  202  to an emergency gateway/network element  204 . The system may comprise a number of emergency gateways as backups in case of a failure of an emergency gateway and/or to provide emergency service to a larger area. The emergency gateway establishes the emergency call with a call answer node/call control node A  208  though a proxy  206 . The call answer node A  208  establishes the call with an operator at one of a possible number of different operator locations  210 . 
     The emergency call or message that is received at the emergency gateway  204  may be received over the PSTN network, a VoIP network or other communication networks. The emergency gateway  204  is capable of establishing a first call leg with the phone  202 . The emergency gateway  204  then attempts to establish the second leg of the emergency call with an appropriate operator. The emergency gateway  204  uses SIP/VoIP techniques to establish the call legs to the operator. The emergency gateway passes a call initiation request to a SIP proxy  206 , which in turn passes a call initiation request to the call answer node A  208 . The call answer node A  208  can establish a call leg, through media exchanged for example using Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) or Message Session Relay Protocol (MSRP) techniques, with the emergency gateway  204 . The call answer node A  208  may also determine an operator workstation that the emergency call can be established with. Once an operator is determined and a call leg established between the call answer node A  208  and the operator, the individual call legs can be bridged or otherwise connected together in order to establish the emergency call between the caller&#39;s telephone  202  and the operator. In messaging context, bridging may provide session continuity to convert a map messages between sender and operator. The session may also require conversion between SMS, MMS, SIP, video protocols or IM. As depicted in  FIG. 2A , the media of the emergency call, for example the audio and/or video of the call, is exchanged through the call answer node A  208  and the emergency gateway  204  by passing the proxy  206 . The control channel of the emergency call passes through the proxy  206  and as such, the proxy is capable of modifying the call or in the case of a message session the gateway  204  can provide conversion and the proxy can map the message to an operator. 
     If the call answer node A  208  fails, any call legs established on the call answer node A  208  will be dropped. Accordingly, if nothing else is done upon the failure the emergency call will fail. However, the proxy  206  can monitor the status of the call answer node A  208  to detect if there is a failure. When the call answer node A  208  fails, the proxy can re-establish the emergency calls through another call answer node/call control node B  212  as depicted in  FIG. 2B . Similarly, the operator workstation at the call answer location  210  can monitor the status of the call answer node A  208  and attempts to re-establish the call with the backup call answer node B  212 . The backup call answer node receives the re-establishment requests from the proxy and the operator workstations and attempts to re-establish the previous calls between a caller and operator. The re-establishment requests received at the backup call answer node B  212  from both the proxy  206  and the operator workstations include identifying information of the previously established call. Accordingly, the backup call answer node B  212  can re-establish the emergency calls by connecting the call requests that have matching call identifying information. 
     In  FIGS. 2A and 2B , the proxy  206  is depicted as being co-located with the call answer node A  208 . While such an arrangement can still provide call re-establishment in some situations, the proxy  206  may be likely to experience a failure at the same time as the call answer node A  208 , for example as a result of hardware failure, software failure, power outage or fire, and as such, would not function to re-establish the emergency calls. 
       FIGS. 3A and 3B  depict a further call re-establishment system and process. The system and process is similar to that described above with regard to  FIGS. 2A and 2B ; however, a proxy  306 ,  314  is associated with each call answer node  308 ,  312 . The proxy and call answer node pairs  306 ,  308  and  314 ,  312  may be physically remote from each other to mitigate the possibility of a single failure event affecting both locations. The proxy and call answer node of each pair may be provided on the same physical server or on co-located physical servers. 
     As depicted in  FIGS. 3A and 3B , the proxy that is located separate from the call answer node is used in establishing calls to that call answer node. That is, in  FIGS. 3A and 3B , Proxy B  314  is used to establish calls to the call answer node A  308 . As depicted, a call to the emergency gateway  304  is routed to the proxy B  314 , which in turn routes the call to the call answer node A  308 . The call answer node  308  determines an operator workstation at one of a possible plurality of operator locations  310 . The call can be established as a plurality of connected call legs between the calling device  302  and the emergency gateway  304 , the emergency gateway  304  and the call answer node a  308  and the call answer node A and the operator workstation at the operator location  310 . If the call answer node A  308  fails it is likely that the proxy A  306 , which is either on the same physical server or at on a co-located physical server will also fail as depicted in  FIG. 3B . However, proxy B  312 , which was used in establishing the call, will likely not suffer from the same failure and as such can detect the failure of the call answer node A  308  and re-establish calls through the call answer node B  312 . 
     In  FIGS. 2A, 2B and 3A, 3B  the failure of the respective call answer node is detected by both the proxy that established the call as well as the operator&#39;s workstation that the call was connected to. The call answer node failure may be detected in various ways. For example, both the proxy may use a heartbeat signal mechanism. In such a case, the proxy periodically transmits a heartbeat signal to the call answer node, which receives the heartbeat signal and transmits a response back to the proxy if the call answer node is functioning. If no response is received from the call answer node in a set period of time, the proxy assumes that the call answer node has failed and attempts to re-establish the calls through another call answer node. The operator workstation can use a similar heartbeat technique to detect failure of the call answer node. Additionally or alternatively, if the proxy is able to determine which of the operator&#39;s workstations the call was established to, the proxy may send a message to the operator&#39;s workstation informing it of the failure of the call answering node. 
     The proxy and the operator workstation co-operate to re-establish the previous calls on the backup call answer node. In particular, each of the proxy and the operator workstation can send a re-establishment request to the backup answer point node. Each of the transmitted requests includes information that may be used in determining which callers and operators need to be re-connected to each other in order to re-establish the calls. The transmitted requests may be for example a re-INVITE request or a REFER request that includes an identification of the previously established call. The indication may be, for example, a unique identifier assigned to the original call when it was established. The requests may further identify that the request is for re-establishing previous calls, as opposed to a request to establish a new call. 
     When the call answer node receives a request that includes an indication that the request is for re-establishing a call, the call answer node checks a recovery queue in order to determine if another request to establish a call was received that has matching identifying information. If requests are received at the call answer node that have matching call identification information, the call answer node establishes the call legs and connects the two call legs in order to re-establish the previous call. If the call answer node does not find a request in the recovery queue that has matching call identifying information, the request can be placed in the recovery queue so that a subsequent request, from either the proxy or the operator workstation, will locate its matching pair for re-establishing the previous call. 
       FIG. 4  depicts a process flow for establishing and re-establishing emergency calls. As depicted in  FIG. 4 , a caller  402  attempts to establish an emergency call to a public safety answering point, for example by dialing a common emergency number such as 9-1-1 (A). The emergency call request is received at the emergency gateway  404 , which establishes a call leg (B) with the caller  402 . The emergency gateway  404  attempts to establish the second leg of the emergency call and sends a SIP INVITE (C) to the proxy  414 . The proxy  414  receives the INVITE and forwards it (D) to the appropriate call answer node A  408 . The proxy  414  may re-write information in the INVITE, for example by adjusting one or more parameters in the header of the INVITE message. The call answer node A  408  establishes a call leg (E) directly with the emergency gateway  404 . The call answer node A  408  determines an operator that can take the call and forwards the INVITE (F) to the operator&#39;s workstation  410 . A call leg is established between the call answer node A  408  and the operator  410  (G). The individual call legs established at (B), (E) and (G) are bridged in order to establish call (H). The call legs (E) and (G) established through the answer node A  408  may be associated with unique identifying information that is available at both the proxy  414  and the operator workstation  410 . The unique identifying information may be for example a random number generated at the proxy and transmitted to the operator in the call establishment procedure. Other types of unique identifying information are possible, such as a combination of IP addresses used as part of the call establishment. 
     At some point during the established call (H), the answer node A fails (I). The failure may be the result of various events, including software failures, hardware failures or other failures such as loss of power. Regardless of the reason for the failure, it results in the disconnection of the caller  402  and the operator  410 , since the failed call answer node  408  can no longer bridge the two call legs (E) and (G). The proxy detects the failure of the node (J). Similarly the operator detects the failure of the node (K). The detection may be achieved by a heart beat signal that is returned by the call answer node when it is operating. When no return signal is received, it is considered an indication that the call answer node has failed. Once the proxy detects the failure, it attempts to re-establish a call between the caller and the operator who originally took the call. For each call established through the proxy, the proxy sends an indication to the emergency gateway that it should attempt to re-establish the call with the backup call answer node B  412 . The indication sent from the proxy  414  to the emergency gateway  404  may be in the form of an INVITE message or a REFER message. The message includes information that the emergency gateway  404  can utilize to identify the first call leg established to the caller  402 , as well as information for identifying the previously established call legs on the call answer node  408  that can be used to re-establish the call on the backup call answer node B  412 . 
     The proxy may send a re-INVITE message (L) to the emergency gateway  404  indicating that a call should be re-established at call answer node B  412 . The re-INVITE message includes call identifying information that can be used by the gateway to identify the first call leg established with the caller  402 . The re-INVITE message (L) includes information that can be used to identify the previously established call legs, which is sent in an INVITE message (M) sent to the backup call answer node B  412 . The INVITE (M) is received at the call answer node B  412 , which determines that the INVITE message is for re-establishing a previously established call, for example by the presence of the call identifying information. The call answer node  412  receives the INVITE and checks a recovery queue for other received INVITE messages that include matching call identifying information. If no INVITE having matching identifying information is found, the INVITE is placed into the recovery queue. If the INVITE message has not been matched in a set period of time, for example 5 seconds, the INVITE message may be processed in the normal manner. 
     After the operator  410  detects (K) the failure of the call answer node A  408 , it sends an INVITE message to the backup call answer node B  412  that includes the same call identifying information sent by the proxy. The call answer node B  412  receives the INVITE message, and again checks the recovery queue for INVITE messages having matching call identifying information. When a match is found, call legs are established between the call answer node B  412  and the emergency gateway  404  (O) as well as between the call answer node B  412  and the operator  410  (P). Once the call legs (O) and (P) the individual call legs (O), (P) and (A) are bridged to re-establish the original call between the caller  402  and the operator  410 . The session continues to be maintained by the emergency gateway until a SIP BYE is received from the proxy and it tears down the session. 
       FIG. 5  depicts components of call answer node capable of re-establishing emergency calls. The call answer node  500  may be implemented by one or more physical servers  502 . Each server comprises a processing unit for executing instructions and a memory unit for storing the instructions. The call answer node  500  comprises call establishment control functionality  504  that receives requests for establishing calls, such as INVITE messages, and processes them. The call establishment control may process the calls to identify new calls, which are provided to a new call queue  506 . The new call queue  506  stores INVITEs  508  that have been received. Each INVITE may include an associated time stamp associated with when the INVITE was received as well call information useful for establishing the call. Call INVITEs may be processed in order to determine an operator workstation that can take the call. The operator selection may be performed by operator selection functionality  510  that maintains information on the location of operator workstations as well as which workstations are currently handling an emergency call, or those capable of handling an emergency call. Once an operator is selected the call may be established through call management functionality  512 . The call management functionality  512  may bridge one or more media streams together in order to connect different call legs. The call management functionality may use RTP media streaming, or other appropriate protocols for transmitting media, such as audio and/or video. The call management functionality  512  may interact with answering point features functionality  514  such as call recording. 
     In addition to establishing new calls, the call answer node  500  may further include call re-establishment functionality  514 . When the call establishment control functionality  504  receives a call request that is for re-establishing a call, it is passed to call re-establishment functionality  514 , which checks the recovery queue  516  for previously received call requests that have matching call identifying information. If message is matched, it can be processed by the call management functionality  510 , which establishes and bridges call legs, which re-established the call between the caller and the operator. As depicted, in addition to the call information and the time stamp, the request for re-establishing calls  516  includes identifying information that will be sent by both the proxy and the operator workstation and used in matching call requests. If the request for the call re-establishment  516  remains in the recovery queue  518  for a period of time greater than a threshold, for example 5 seconds, the call request can be removed from the recovery queue  518  and added to the new call queue  506  and subsequently processed as a new call request. 
     The call answer node  500  may also comprise heartbeat functionality  522  that may be used in order to detect failure of the call answer node. The heartbeat functionality may periodically send out signals to other components, such as the proxy and operator workstations. When a failure occurs, the signals will no longer be sent and as such, will provide an indication that the call answer node has failed. Accordingly, the proxy or operator workstation may detect the failure after a threshold period of time has passed without receiving the heartbeat signal. 
     Although described above as heartbeat functionality  522 , additional or alternative functionality may be used to detect failure of the call answer node. For example, a real-time transport protocol (RTP) stream between the call answer node and an operator workstation may be monitored. If there is no information sent from the call answer node to an operator workstation in an RTP stream for a given threshold period of time, the call answer node may be assumed to have failed. The threshold period of time may vary, for example from 10 seconds to a minute. The shorter the threshold period of time is, the quicker a potential failure may be detected. However, if the threshold period of time is too short, network delays may be incorrectly determined as a failure. 
     As described above, the call re-establishment functionality  516  checks each received call request to determine if a match exists in the recovery queue. However, if the emergency gateway and the operator workstations are configured to detect the failures at different time thresholds, then it is possible to search the recovery queue  518  only for the requests from whichever of the proxy or the operator workstations is configured to detect the failure the slowest, since the request from the other of the proxy or the operator workstations will already have been received and added to the queue. For example, the proxy may be configured to detect the failure after not receiving a heartbeat signal for 5 seconds, while the operator workstations may detect the failure after 10 seconds. Accordingly, when the call answer node receives re-establishment requests are received from the proxy the requests can be added to the recovery queue  518 . When a request is received from the operator workstations, the matching request from the proxy will already be in the recovery queue  518 . 
       FIG. 6  depicts a method of re-establishing an emergency call. The method  600  may be implemented by the call answer node. The method receives a call re-establishment request ( 602 ). The re-establishment request may be received from either the proxy or an operator&#39;s workstation. The re-establishment requests may include call information for setting up the call, as well as call identification information of the previously established call. Once a request is received, the recovery queue is checked ( 604 ) for re-establishment requests that have call identification information matching the received call identification information of the received request. The check of the re-establishment request determines if a request having matching call identifying information has been found ( 606 ). If a matching request is found (Yes at  606 ), the call legs are established to the emergency gateway and the call operator workstation and the call legs bridged ( 608 ) to re-establish the previous call between the caller and the operator. If a matching request is not found (No at  606 ) the received call request can be added to the recovery queue ( 610 ). 
       FIG. 7  depicts a further method of re-establishing an emergency call. The method  700  is similar to that of  FIG. 6 . However, the method of  700  only checks the recovery queue for call requests from the operator workstations. As such, the operator workstation must send the re-establishment request after the proxy sent the re-establishment request. The proxy detects the failure of the node after not receiving a heartbeat signal for a first period of time such as 5 seconds while the operator workstation detects the failure of the node after not receiving a heartbeat signal after a second period of time that is larger than the first period of time, for example 10 seconds, so that the request from the operator workstation is received after the request from the proxy has been received. 
     The method  700  detects a node failure at the proxy ( 702 ). Upon detecting the failure of the call answer node, the proxy sends a call re-establishment request, which is received at a backup call answer node ( 704 ). When the re-establishment request is received from the proxy it is added to the recovery queue ( 706 ). After the proxy detects the failure, the operator workstation detects the failure of the node ( 708 ) and sends a re-establishment request to the backup node from the operator workstation ( 710 ). The backup node receives the request from the operator and checks information identifying the previously established call the call request is associated with to determine if a call request in the recovery queue has matching identifying information. If a matching re-establishment request is found (Yes at  712 ), the call legs are established and bridged to re-establish the emergency call between the caller and the operator. If a request having matching call identifying information is not found (No at  712 ), the re-establishment request from the operator workstation is processed as a call-back ( 714 ). 
       FIG. 8  depicts a messaging session, such as short message service (SMS), multimedia message service (MMS) or instant message (IM), using a re-establishment system and process. As depicted, a messaging session can be placed from a mobile device  802  having SMS, MMS or IM messaging capability. Although depicted as mobile phones may be sent from messaging capable devices including cellular telephones, SIP or VoIP user agents. The messaging session, which may also be referred to as a call, is routed from the mobile  802  to an emergency gateway/network element  804 . The system may comprise a number of emergency gateways as backups in case of a failure of an emergency gateway and/or to provide emergency service to a larger area. The emergency gateway establishes the emergency messaging session with a call answer node/call control node A  808  though a proxy  806 . The call answer node A  808  establishes the messaging session with an operator at one of a possible number of different operator locations  810 . The message can be transmitted through the network using a Message Session Relay Protocol (MSRP), as per RFC 4975/RFC 4976, for transmitting related messages in the context of a communication protocol. The MSRP can be instantiated by the emergency gateway  804  with the Session Description Protocol (SDP) over Session Initiated Protocol (SIP) or other rendezvous methods. The session can also utilize an Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) or Session Initiated Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE). 
     The emergency call/message received at the emergency gateway  804  may be received over the PSTN network, a VoIP network or other communication networks. The emergency gateway  804  is capable of establishing a first session leg with the phone  802 . The emergency gateway  804  then attempts to establish the second leg of the emergency session with an appropriate operator. The emergency gateway  804  uses MSRP to establish and maintain the session legs to the operator. The emergency gateway  804  uses MSRP to manage sessions created using received SMS messages that are converted into MSRP messages towards the proxy and vice versa. On the first SMS text received using Short Message Peer-to-Peer (SMPP) from a given source identifier, Mobile Station International ISDN Number, Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number, or Mobile International ISDN Number (MSISDN) to a given destination (for example an IP address of the Proxy), the emergency gateway  804  creates a session by sending a SIP INVITE to the Proxy with an SDP identifying to the proxy the MSRP session. The emergency gateway  804  passes a session initiation request to a SIP proxy  806 , which in turn passes a session initiation request to the session answer node A  808 . The session answer node A  808  can establish a session leg, through media exchanged for example using Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) techniques, with the emergency gateway  804 . The call answer node A  808  may also determine an operator workstation that the emergency session can be established with. Once an operator is determined and a session leg established between the call answer node A  808  and the operator, the individual session legs can be bridged or otherwise connected together in order to establish the emergency session between the caller&#39;s mobile  802  and the operator. 
     If the call answer node A  808  fails, any session legs established on the call answer node A  808  will be dropped. Accordingly, if nothing else is done upon the failure the emergency messaging session will fail. However, the proxy  806  can monitor the status of the call answer node A  808  to detect if there is a failure. When the call answer node A  808  fails, the proxy can re-establish the emergency session through another call answer node/call control B  812  as depicted in  FIG. 8B . Similarly, the operator workstation at the call answer location  810  can monitor the status of the call answer node A  808  and attempts to re-establish the session with the backup call answer node B  812 . The backup call answer node receives the re-establishment requests from the proxy and the operator workstations and attempts to re-establish the previous sessions between a caller and operator. The re-establishment requests received at the backup call answer node B  812  from both the proxy  806  and the operator workstations include identifying information of the previously established session. Accordingly, the backup call answer node B  812  can re-establish the emergency calls by connecting the call requests that have matching call identifying information. The session continues to be maintained by the emergency gateway  804  until a SIP BYE is received from the proxy  806  and it tears down the session. 
       FIG. 9  depicts an environment in which the present call re-establishment may be used for video calls. In the case of the emergency call being a video call, conversion is required between the protocol of the particular video format to a SIP session format. A conversion module converts the video session to a SIP session. The converter associates the call with a session than is maintained in the PSAP. The environment  900  includes a number of different technologies for establishing a call. The technologies may include, for example, Skype™  902 , Facetime™  904 , Messenger™  906 , Google Video™  908 , iChat™  910  in addition to peer-to-peer or group conferencing communication applications or social networking video applications which are delivered to the network through various network infrastructure to the emergency call gateway  110 . The emergency call gateway  110  can route the call to an appropriate PSAP  112 . A converter function  920  receives the incoming video call and converts it to SIP format for routing by the emergency call gateway  110 . The converter can be utilized upon detection of a video call. The converter function  920  can be implemented by a processor executing functions to receive a video format and convert the video call session protocol to a SIP session. The converter may re-encode or reformat the video content of the video call between protocols. The converter function  920  can utilize a non-transitory memory containing a database to provide conversion mapping between the incoming protocol and the SIP video profile format. 
     The network routes a call to the emergency call gateway  110 . Although only a single emergency call gateway  110  is depicted, a plurality of gateways may be provided. The additional gateways may serve different geographic areas and/or may provide backup functionality in case of a failure of the gateway  110 . The emergency call gateway  110  may provide video conversion from a received video protocol to SIP for processing of the emergency call gateway  110  as described above. The conversion may be part of the emergency call gateway  110  or processed separately. When a video call is received at the gateway  110  it can establish the call through the emergency call servers  114  of PSAP  112 . The emergency call servers  114  may comprise a call answering server or server that receives the routed call and connects the call to an available emergency operator. The operators may be located in one or more locations  118 ,  120 . In order to provide redundancy in case of equipment failure or malfunction, the PSAP  112  may include additional redundant emergency call servers  116 . The redundant emergency call servers  116  provide the same functionality as the emergency call servers  114 , however are intended to be used when the emergency call servers  114  fail or experience an interruption. The redundant emergency call servers  116  may be located in different physical locations to ensure that a physical disruption that caused the emergency call servers  114  to fail, such as a local power failure or hardware failure, that would not also cause the redundant servers  116  to fail. 
     When an emergency call servers  114  fails, due to a server or component failure, any established calls on the server will be dropped. As described further herein, the dropped calls can be re-established on the redundant back-up emergency call server  116  with no interaction from the caller. The call can then be re-established with the same operator and as such the caller will not notice any impact from the failed call server, other than a possible period of silence as the call is re-established. 
     Although the description discloses example methods, systems and apparatus including, among other components, software executed on hardware, it should be noted that such methods and apparatus are merely illustrative and should not be considered as limiting. For example, it is contemplated that these hardware and software components could be embodied exclusively in hardware, exclusively in software, exclusively in firmware, or in any combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware. Further, although certain components or apparatuses are depicted as a single physical component, it is contemplated that they could be implemented as multiple separate components. The method and instructions can be implemented in a non-transitory computer memory which when executed by a processor provide the function described for processing messages and calls. Further still, it is contemplated that the functionality of multiple separate components described herein could be provided in a single component. Accordingly, while the following describes example systems, methods and apparatus, persons having ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that the examples provided are not the only way to implement such systems, methods and apparatus.