Patent Publication Number: US-2022219565-A1

Title: Battery control system, battery control method, battery control program, and vehicle

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-004549 filed on Jan. 14, 2021, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Technical Field 
     The present disclosure relates to a battery control system, a battery control method, a battery control program, and a vehicle. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     When charging and discharging of a battery are repeatedly performed, a full charging capacity of the battery decreases gradually and the battery deteriorates. Since deterioration of a battery affects a system using the battery, a full charging capacity of the battery needs to be appropriately managed. 
     Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2012-185124 (JP 2012-185124 A) discloses a method of estimating a full charging capacity using an integrated current value which is obtained by integrating an input current and an output current of a battery. In the estimation method disclosed in JP 2012-185124 A, charging or discharging of the battery is performed in a predetermined range of state of charge (hereinafter referred to as SOC), the integrated current value in the meantime is calculated, and an estimated value of the full charging capacity is calculated by dividing the calculated integrated current value by an SOC difference before and after the charging or discharging. 
     SUMMARY 
     However, in the method of estimating a full charging capacity described in JP 2012-185124 A, it is necessary to accurately measure a current which is input to or output from the battery and a charging or discharging environment in which the input or output current is stable is needed. For example, when supply of electric power from the battery to an onboard device is being performed, charging or discharging for estimating the full charging capacity cannot be performed. Accordingly, the full charging capacity cannot be estimated unless there is an opportunity not to perform supply of electric power from the battery to an onboard device 
     The present disclosure provides a battery control system, a battery control method, and a battery control program that can estimate a full charging capacity of a battery even when there is no opportunity for charging or discharging of the battery. 
     According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a battery control system including a vehicle that includes a battery and a management device that is able to communicate with the vehicle. The vehicle includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire a state quantity of the battery, a first estimation unit configured to perform an estimation process of estimating a full charging capacity of the battery based on the state quantity of the battery acquired by the acquisition unit by controlling charging or discharging of the battery, a first transmission unit configured to transmit a transmission request for requesting transmission of an estimation result of the full charging capacity of the battery to the management device when the estimation process is not able to be performed by the first estimation unit, and a first reception unit configured to receive an estimation result of the full charging capacity of the battery from the management device. The management device includes a second reception unit configured to receive the transmission request from the vehicle, a second estimation unit configured to estimate the full charging capacity of the battery when the transmission request has been received by the second reception unit, and a second transmission unit configured to transmit the full charging capacity of the battery estimated by the second estimation unit to the vehicle. 
     With the battery control system according to this aspect, the estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity of the battery by controlling charging or discharging of the battery is performed in the vehicle, and an estimation result of the full charging capacity of the battery can be acquired from the management device when the estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity of the battery is not able to be performed. Accordingly, even when the estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity of the battery is not able to be performed, it is possible to acquire a new estimation result of the full charging capacity. 
     A second aspect of the present disclosure provides the battery control system according to the first aspect, wherein the first transmission unit is configured to transmit the transmission request and the state quantity of the battery acquired by the acquisition unit to the management device when the estimation process is not able to be performed by the first estimation unit, the second reception unit is configured to receive the transmission request and the state quantity of the battery from the vehicle, and the second estimation unit is configured to estimate the full charging capacity of the battery based on the received state quantity of the battery when the transmission request has been received by the second reception unit. 
     With the battery control system according to this aspect, when the estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity of the battery is not able to be performed in the vehicle, the vehicle transmits the acquired state quantity of the battery along with the transmission request to the management device. The management device can estimate the full charging capacity of the battery based on the state quantity of the battery. Accordingly, the management device can accurately estimate the full charging capacity of the battery in consideration of a battery state even when the state quantity of the battery is not acquired. 
     A third aspect of the present disclosure provides the battery control system according to the first or second aspect, wherein the first transmission unit is configured to transmit the state quantity of the battery acquired by the acquisition unit and the first estimation result of the full charging capacity of the battery estimated by the first estimation unit to the management device when the estimation process has been performed by the first estimation unit. 
     With the battery control system according to this aspect, the management device can acquire the first estimation result which is a performance result of the estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity of the battery in the vehicle. Accordingly, since the estimation result of the full charging capacity of the battery in an actual operation environment of the battery can be acquired, the management device can collect more accurate estimation results of the full charging capacity of the battery than the estimation result of the full charging capacity based on a test of the battery. 
     A fourth aspect of the present disclosure provides the battery control system according to the third aspect, wherein the management device further includes a derivation unit configured to classify the state quantity of the battery and the first estimation result in a plurality of vehicles received by the second reception unit according to the state quantity of the battery and to derive a correlation between the classified state quantity of the battery and the full charging capacity of the battery, and the second estimation unit is configured to estimate the full charging capacity of the battery based on the received state quantity of the battery and the correlation derived by the derivation unit when the transmission request has been received by the second reception unit. 
     With the battery control system according to this aspect, the state quantities of the batteries and the first estimation results in a plurality of vehicles are classified according to the state quantities of the batteries and the correlation between the classified state quantities of the batteries and the full charging capacities of the batteries is derived. Accordingly, when the estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity of the battery in a vehicle is not able to be performed, the full charging capacity of the battery can be estimated using the first estimation results of the full charging capacities of the batteries estimated in other vehicles. 
     A fifth aspect of the present disclosure provides the battery control system according to the fourth aspect, wherein the vehicle further includes a conversion unit configured to convert a history of a temperature of the battery acquired by the acquisition unit to an operating time when the battery is used at a predetermined representative temperature, the first transmission unit is configured to transmit the operating time converted by the conversion unit as the state quantity of the battery to the management device, the second reception unit is configured to receive the operating time from the vehicle, and the derivation unit is configured to derive a correlation between the operating time and the full charging capacity of the battery as the correlation. 
     With the battery control system according to this aspect, the management device can arrange the full charging capacity of the battery in the vehicle according to the received operating time at the representative temperature. Accordingly, the management device can estimate the full charging capacity of the battery in consideration of a variation in the temperature of the battery depending on an operation environment of the vehicle or the battery. Since the history of the temperature of the battery in the vehicle is converted to the operating time at the representative temperature, it is possible to decrease an amount of information to be transmitted to the management device in comparison with the history of the temperature. 
     A sixth aspect of the present disclosure provides the battery control system according to the fourth aspect, wherein the first transmission unit is configured to transmit a history of a temperature of the battery acquired by the acquisition unit as the state quantity of the battery to the management device, the second reception unit is configured to receive the history of the temperature of the battery from the vehicle, the management device further includes a conversion unit configured to convert the history of the temperature of the battery received by the second reception unit to an operating time when the battery is used at a predetermined representative temperature, and the derivation unit is configured to derive a correlation between the operating time and the full charging capacity of the battery as the correlation. 
     In the battery control system according to this aspect, unlike the fifth aspect, the conversion unit is provided in the management device. Accordingly, since the conversion process of converting the history of the temperature of the battery in the vehicle to the operating time at the representative temperature does not need to be performed, it is possible to decrease a processing cost in the vehicle. 
     A seventh aspect of the present disclosure provides the battery control system according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the first estimation unit is configured to control charging or discharging of the battery when a first condition of the vehicle has been satisfied, and the first transmission unit is configured to determine that the estimation process is not able to be performed by the first estimation unit and to transmit the transmission request to the management device when a second condition of the vehicle has not been satisfied while the first estimation unit is controlling charging or discharging of the battery. 
     With the battery control system according to this aspect, even when the second condition for controlling charging or discharging of the battery is not satisfied while charging or discharging of the battery is being performed in performing the estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity of the battery in the vehicle, it is possible to acquire the estimation result of the full charging capacity of the battery from the management device. 
     According to an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a battery control method that is performed by a vehicle that includes a battery and a management device that is able to communicate with the vehicle, wherein the vehicle performs: acquiring a state quantity of the battery; performing an estimation process of estimating a full charging capacity of the battery based on the acquired state quantity of the battery by controlling charging or discharging of the battery; transmitting a transmission request for requesting transmission of an estimation result of the full charging capacity of the battery to the management device when the estimation process is not able to be performed; and receiving an estimation result of the full charging capacity of the battery from the management device, and the management device performs: receiving the transmission request from the vehicle; estimating the full charging capacity of the battery when the transmission request has been received; and transmitting the estimation result of the full charging capacity of the battery to the vehicle. 
     With the battery control method according to this aspect, the full charging capacity of the battery is estimated in the vehicle by controlling charging or discharging of the battery, and the vehicle can receive an estimation result of the full charging capacity of the battery from the management device when the estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity of the battery is not able to be performed. Accordingly, even when the estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity of the battery is not able to be performed, it is possible to acquire a new estimation result of the full charging capacity. 
     According to a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a battery control program that is used for a battery control system including a vehicle that includes a battery and a management device that is able to communicate with the vehicle, the battery control program causing the vehicle to perform: acquiring a state quantity of the battery; performing an estimation process of estimating a full charging capacity of the battery based on the acquired state quantity of the battery by controlling charging or discharging of the battery; transmitting a transmission request for requesting transmission of an estimation result of the full charging capacity of the battery to the management device when the estimation process is not able to be performed; and receiving an estimation result of the full charging capacity of the battery from the management device, and the battery control program causing the management device to perform: receiving the transmission request from the vehicle; estimating the full charging capacity of the battery when the transmission request has been received; and transmitting the estimation result of the full charging capacity of the battery to the vehicle. 
     With the battery control program according to this aspect, the full charging capacity of the battery is estimated in the vehicle by controlling charging or discharging of the battery, and the vehicle can receive an estimation result of the full charging capacity of the battery from the management device when the estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity of the battery is not able to be performed. Accordingly, even when the estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity of the battery is not able to be performed, it is possible to acquire a new estimation result of the full charging capacity. 
     According to a tenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a vehicle including a battery and being able to communicate with an external management device, the vehicle including: an acquisition unit configured to acquire a state quantity of the battery; a first estimation unit configured to perform an estimation process of estimating a full charging capacity of the battery based on the state quantity of the battery acquired by the acquisition unit by controlling charging or discharging of the battery; a first transmission unit configured to transmit a transmission request for requesting transmission of an estimation result of the full charging capacity of the battery to the management device when the estimation process is not able to be performed by the first estimation unit; and a first reception unit configured to receive an estimation result of the full charging capacity of the battery from the management device. 
     With the vehicle according to this aspect, the estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity of the battery by controlling charging or discharging of the battery is performed in the vehicle, and an estimation result of the full charging capacity of the battery can be acquired from the management device when the estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity of the battery is not able to be performed. Accordingly, even when the estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity of the battery is not able to be performed, it is possible to acquire a new estimation result of the full charging capacity. 
     According to an eleventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a battery control system including: a vehicle that includes a battery and a management device that is able to communicate with the vehicle. The vehicle includes: an acquisition unit configured to acquire a state quantity of the battery; a first estimation unit configured to perform an estimation process of estimating a full charging capacity of the battery based on the state quantity of the battery acquired by the acquisition unit by controlling charging or discharging of the battery; a first transmission unit configured to transmit the state quantity of the battery acquired by the acquisition unit and a first estimation result of the full charging capacity of the battery estimated by the first estimation unit to the management device when the estimation process is able to be performed by the first estimation unit; a first reception unit configured to receive a correlation between the state quantity of the battery and the full charging capacity of the battery from the management device; and a second estimation unit configured to estimate the full charging capacity of the battery based on the state quantity of the battery and the correlation received by the first reception unit when the estimation process is not able to be performed by the first estimation unit. The management device includes: a second reception unit configured to receive the state quantity of the battery and the first estimation result estimated by the first estimation unit from the vehicle; a derivation unit configured to derive the correlation based on the state of the battery and the first estimation result received by the second reception unit; and a second transmission unit configured to transmit the correlation derived by the derivation unit to the vehicle. 
     With the battery control system according to this aspect, the estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity of the battery by controlling charging or discharging of the battery is performed in the vehicle, and the full charging capacity of the battery can be estimated based on the correlation derived by the management device when the estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity of the battery is not able to be performed. Accordingly, even when the estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity of the battery is not able to be performed, it is possible to acquire a new estimation result of the full charging capacity. 
     As described above, with the battery control system, the battery control device, the battery control method, and the battery control program according to the present disclosure, it is possible to estimate a full charging capacity of a battery and to appropriately control the battery even when there is no opportunity for charging or discharging of the battery. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Features, advantages, and technical and industrial significance of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like signs denote like elements, and wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of a battery control system according to a first embodiment; 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of a vehicle according to the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 3A  is a diagram illustrating a data structure of the temperature history for illustrating handling of a temperature history of the vehicle according to the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 3B  is a graph illustrating a relationship between a temperature and a deterioration level for illustrating handling of a temperature history of the vehicle according to the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of a center server according to the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 5A  is a diagram illustrating a data structure of collection information in a storage unit according to the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 5B  is a diagram illustrating a data structure of analysis information in a storage unit according to the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 6  is a flowchart illustrating a process which is performed in the vehicle according to the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 7  is a flowchart illustrating a conversion process which is performed by a battery control device according to the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 8  is a flowchart illustrating a first estimation process which is performed by the battery control device according to the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 9  is a flowchart illustrating a process which is performed by the center server according to the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 10  is a flowchart illustrating a derivation process which is performed by the center server according to the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 11  is a flowchart illustrating a second estimation process which is performed by the center server according to the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 12  is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of a center server according to a second embodiment; 
         FIG. 13  is a flowchart illustrating a second estimation process which is performed by the center server according to the second embodiment; 
         FIG. 14  is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of a vehicle according to a third embodiment; 
         FIG. 15  is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of a center server according to the third embodiment; 
         FIG. 16  is a flowchart illustrating a process which is performed in the vehicle according to the third embodiment; and 
         FIG. 17  is a flowchart illustrating a process which is performed by the center server according to the third embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. A battery control system according to the embodiments can be applied as a battery control system including a vehicle with a battery such as an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or an engine vehicle. 
     Physical arrangement of constituents, functional arrangement of control, and the like described in the embodiments are not intended to limit the technical scope of the present disclosure thereto unless otherwise mentioned. 
     First Embodiment 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of a battery control system according to a first embodiment. The battery control system includes a hybrid vehicle  100  (hereinafter referred to as a vehicle  100 ) and a center server  200  that can communicate with the vehicle  100  via a network N. Only one vehicle  100  is illustrated in  FIG. 1 , but the center server  200  can communicate with a plurality of vehicles  100 . 
     The device configuration of the vehicle  100  will be described below with reference to  FIG. 1 . The vehicle  100  includes a DCM  130 , a battery  110 , a sensor  160 , a battery control device  120 , a power generator  140 , and a load  150 . 
     The DCM  130  is a communication interface that performs data communication with the center server  200  which will be described later. The DCM  130  serves as a transmission unit (a first transmission unit) that transmits information to the center server  200  and a reception unit (a first reception unit) that receives information from the center server  200 . 
     The battery  110  is a high-voltage battery for driving which is chargeable and dischargeable and is, for example, a lithium-ion battery. The battery  110  is supplied with electric power from a power generator  140  such as a motor generator. The battery  110  may be configured to be supplied with electric power from an external charger. The battery  110  supplies electric power to the load  150  including a drive device such as a drive motor. The sensor  160  measures a current and a temperature of the battery  110 . 
     The battery control device  120  is configured to control charging of the battery  110  by the power generator  140  or the like or discharging of the battery  110  to the load  150 . The battery control device  120  acquires a current and a temperature acquired by the sensor  160 . The battery control device  120  includes a readable storage medium such as a RAM, and can store the current or the temperature acquired from the sensor  160  or various types of information received from the center server  200 . 
     The battery control device  120  is a microcomputer including a CPU, a ROM, and a RAM. The battery control device  120  is communicatively connected to another device via a communication line and is configured to transmit and receive information to and from, for example, a shift lever or a display device which is not illustrated. 
     The battery control device  120  performs a first estimation process of estimating a full charging capacity of the battery  110  by controlling charging/discharging of the battery  110  and a conversion process of converting the temperature acquired by the sensor  160  to an operating time by causing the CPU to execute a program stored in the ROM. 
     The functional configuration of the vehicle  100  according to this embodiment will be described below with reference to  FIG. 2  which is a block diagram illustrating the functional configuration of the vehicle  100  according to this embodiment. With the aforementioned hardware configuration, the vehicle  100  realizes functions of an acquisition unit  123 , a first estimation unit  121 , a first storage unit  124 , a conversion unit  122 , a first transmission unit  131 , and a first reception unit  132 . 
     The acquisition unit  123  acquires measured values of the current and the temperature from the sensor  160 . The acquired measured value of the current is output to the first estimation unit  121  and is used to estimate the full charging capacity in the first estimation process. The acquired measured value of the temperature is stored in the first storage unit  124 . 
     The first estimation unit  121  performs a first estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity of the battery  110  by controlling charging or discharging of the battery  110 . The first estimation process is tried at intervals of a predetermined period and is started by the first estimation unit  121  when a predetermined condition has been satisfied. The predetermined period is, for example, two months. The predetermined condition is a case in which stable charging or discharging with an input/output current is possible and is an environment in which electric power may not be supplied from the battery  110  to the load  150 . In the driving battery of the hybrid vehicle  100 , charging of the battery  110  with regenerative electric power from the power generator  140  or discharging of the battery  110  to the load  150  such as a drive device is performed at the time of traveling. Accordingly, it is thought that stable charging or discharging of the battery  110  is possible when the vehicle  100  is stopped. For example, the predetermined condition is a state in which a shift lever of the vehicle  100  is set to a parking range. 
     The first estimation unit  121  performs charging/discharging control for charging or discharging the battery  110  in a predetermined SOC range in the first estimation process. For example, the first estimation unit  121  discharges the battery  110  from a first value of SOC to a second value of SOC. The first value and the second value are values within the SOC range in which the battery is to be controlled, and the first value is larger than the second value. When the vehicle  100  is connected to an external charger and charging of the battery  110  is possible, the battery  110  may be charged from the second value of SOC to the first value of SOC. 
     The first estimation unit  121  acquires an integrated current value by integrating a current value of the battery  110  acquired from the acquisition unit  123  while charging/discharging control for the battery  110  is being performed in a predetermined SOC range. The first estimation unit  121  estimates a full charging capacity and acquires a first estimation result by dividing the integrated current value by the SOC range in which the battery  110  is charged or discharged through the charging/discharging control. The first estimation result is stored in the first storage unit  124 . 
     The first estimation unit  121  starts charging/discharging of the battery  110  when a predetermined period has elapsed after the full charging capacity was previously estimated and the first condition has been satisfied. The first condition is a state in which the shift lever of the vehicle  100  is set to a parking range. When the first condition has not been satisfied even with the elapse of the predetermined period and charging/discharging control of the battery  110  could not be started in a predetermined time, the first estimation unit  121  determines that the full charging capacity of the battery  110  cannot be estimated. 
     About 10 minutes is required for the charging/discharging control. Therefore, the first condition may include a condition that a time required for charging-discharging control and a message for ascertaining whether the charging/discharging control is to be performed are displayed on a display device which is not illustrated and performing of the charging/discharging control is permitted by an occupant in addition to the aforementioned condition. Accordingly, it is possible to acquire permission for performing the charging/discharging control from an occupant by informing the occupant that a stopped state of 10 minutes is necessary before the charging/discharging control is performed. 
     The first estimation unit  121  stops the charging/discharging control when a second condition has not been satisfied after the charging/discharging control has been started. Accordingly, the first estimation unit determines that the full charging capacity of the battery  110  could not be estimated. The second condition is a state in which the shift lever of the vehicle  100  is set to the parking range. 
     The first storage unit  124  stores the measured value of the temperature acquired by the acquisition unit  123  as a temperature history including time information. For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 3A , a cumulative time for each of temperatures which are divided into a plurality of sections is stored. The plurality of sections is, for example, sections which are divided every five degrees. For example, when the measured value of the temperature is 22 degrees in a period of time from time t 1  to time t 2 , a median value thereof is 20 degrees and a time of t 2 -t 1  is added to a section equal to or greater than 17.5 degrees and less than 22.5 degrees. Time information may be acquired by a timer which is not illustrated or may be calculated from a predetermined acquisition cycle of the temperature in the acquisition unit  123 . The cumulative time at a temperature of each section is exemplified as a data structure in the storage unit, but the data structure is not limited thereto as long as a time for which the battery  110  is in a certain temperature environment is stored. 
     The conversion unit  122  performs a conversion process of converting the temperature history stored in the storage unit to the operating time of the battery  110  at a representative temperature. A rate of decrease of a capacity L f  [%] due to aging of the battery  110  depends on a deterioration factor K f  [-] and an elapsed time. Here, the deterioration factor K f  is calculated by Expression 1 which is an Arrhenius&#39;s equation. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     K 
                     f 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     A 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       exp 
                       ⁡ 
                       
                         ( 
                         
                           - 
                           
                             
                               E 
                               a 
                             
                             RT 
                           
                         
                         ) 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Expression 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   1 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Here, A is a constant, E a  [J/mol] is activation energy, R [J/(K·mol)] is a gas constant, and T is an absolute temperature [K]. That is, the deterioration factor is a function of a temperature, and a deterioration level increases and deterioration progresses more easily as the temperature increases.  FIG. 3B  is a diagram schematically illustrating a relationship between a logarithm of the deterioration level and a reciprocal of the temperature. 
     Accordingly, a ratio of the deterioration factor K f (T a ) at an arbitrary temperature T a  and the deterioration factor K f (T f ) at a representative temperature T r  is acquired by Expression 2. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         K 
                         f 
                       
                       ⁡ 
                       
                         ( 
                         
                           T 
                           a 
                         
                         ) 
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         K 
                         f 
                       
                       ⁡ 
                       
                         ( 
                         
                           T 
                           r 
                         
                         ) 
                       
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     A 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       exp 
                       ⁡ 
                       
                         ( 
                         
                           
                             - 
                             
                               
                                 E 
                                 a 
                               
                               R 
                             
                           
                           * 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               
                                 1 
                                 
                                   T 
                                   r 
                                 
                               
                               - 
                               
                                 1 
                                 
                                   T 
                                   a 
                                 
                               
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                         ) 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Expression 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   2 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     When the battery  110  is left in an environment of the representative temperature T r , a deterioration time of the same deterioration level as the deterioration level of the battery  110  in a time t a  in the environment of an arbitrary temperature T a  can be calculated by the ratio of the deterioration factors. For example, when a deterioration rate at 60° C. is derived as five times the deterioration rate at a representative temperature 50° C. and a recorded cumulative time at 60° C. is 100 h, the time can be converted to a cumulative time corresponding to 500 hours at 50° C. 
     A conversion expression for converting the cumulative time at a target temperature to an operating time at the representative temperature T r  is acquired by Expression 3. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     t 
                     r 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       ∑ 
                       
                         a 
                         = 
                         
                           T 
                           min 
                         
                       
                       
                         T 
                         max 
                       
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             K 
                             f 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               T 
                               a 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             K 
                             f 
                           
                           ⁡ 
                           
                             ( 
                             
                               T 
                               r 
                             
                             ) 
                           
                         
                       
                       * 
                       
                         t 
                         a 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Expression 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   3 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     In this way, the operating time t r  at the representative temperature T r  is acquired. Since the constant A and the activation energy E a  are uniquely determined by the battery  110 , the ratio of the deterioration factors at the temperatures may not be calculated every time but the ratio converted to a constant in advance at the time of design may be stored as a conversion map. In this embodiment, the conversion map is stored in the first storage unit  124 . 
     The conversion process in the conversion unit  122  may be periodically performed or may be performed when the charging/discharging control is performed by the first estimation unit  121  or when information is transmitted from the first transmission unit  131  which will be described later to the center server  200 . 
     The first transmission unit  131  transmits vehicle information to the center server  200  via the DCM  130 . Here, the vehicle information is information on the vehicle  100  such as the transmission request, the operating time, and the first estimation result. The full charging capacity of the battery  110  can be estimated by the first estimation unit  121 , and the first transmission unit  131  outputs the first estimation result and the operating time to the DCM  130  and transmits the first estimation result and the operating time to the center server  200  via the DCM  130  when the first estimation result is acquired. 
     When the full charging capacity could not be estimated by the first estimation unit  121 , the first transmission unit  131  outputs the transmission request for requesting the center server  200  to transmit an estimation result of the full charging capacity of the battery  110  and the operating time to the DCM  130 , and transmits the transmission request and the operating time to the center server  200  via the DCM  130 . 
     The transmission request includes identification information for identifying the vehicle  100 . The first transmission unit  131  may transmit the transmission request and the operating time at the same time or may transmit the transmission request and the operating time at different timings along with identification information indicating that they are a group of information. 
     In this embodiment, the first transmission unit  131  may determine that the full charging capacity could not be estimated by the first estimation unit  121  by acquiring information indicating that the full charging capacity could not be estimated from the first estimation unit  121 , or may determine that the full charging capacity could not be estimated by the first estimation unit  121  because an estimation result has not been acquired from the first estimation unit  121 . 
     The first reception unit  132  receives a second estimation result of the full charging capacity which is estimated by the center server  200  from the center server  200  via the DCM  130 . The second estimation result is stored in the first storage unit  124 . 
     With the aforementioned configuration, the full charging capacity can be acquired based on the first estimation result from the first estimation unit  121  when the full charging capacity could be estimated by the first estimation unit  121  of the battery control device  120 , and the second estimation result of the full charging capacity can be acquired from the center server  200  by transmitting the transmission request from the first transmission unit  131  even when the full charging capacity cannot be estimated by the first estimation unit  121 . Accordingly, even when the full charging capacity cannot be estimated by the battery control device  120  of the vehicle  100 , it is possible to acquire an estimation result of the full charging capacity from the center server  200  and to appropriately update the full charging capacity. 
     The center server  200  according to this embodiment will be described below. The center server  200  collects vehicle information from a plurality of vehicles  100  and estimates the full charging capacity of the battery  110  of the vehicle  100  based on the collected vehicle information. A hardware configuration of the center server  200  will be described below with reference to  FIG. 1 . The center server  200  includes a communication device  230 , a database  220 , and a center control device  210 . The center server  200  may be configured as a single device or may be configured as a combination of a plurality of devices. 
     The communication device  230  receives vehicle information from a plurality of vehicles and transmits the received vehicle information to the center control device  210 . The communication device  230  receives a transmission request which is a request for estimating the full charging capacity of the battery  110  from a vehicle  100  and transmits the second estimation result of the full charging capacity to the vehicle  100  in response to the transmission request. 
     The database  220  stores vehicle information collected from a plurality of vehicles  100 . The vehicle information stored in the database  220  includes the operating time at a representative temperature and the full charging capacity. 
     The center control device  210  is a microcomputer including a CPU, a ROM, and a RAM. By causing the CPU to execute a program stored in the ROM, the center control device  210  performs a derivation process of deriving a correlation between the operating time and the full charging capacity stored in the database  220  and a second estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity when a transmission request has been received from the vehicle  100  via the communication device  230 . 
     A functional configuration of the center server  200  according to this embodiment will be described below with reference to  FIG. 4  which is a block diagram illustrating the functional configuration of the center server  200  according to this embodiment. The center server  200  realizes functions of a second reception unit  231 , a second transmission unit  232 , a second estimation unit  211 , a derivation unit  212 , and a second storage unit  221  using the aforementioned hardware configuration. 
     The second reception unit  231  and the second transmission unit  232  are functional units which are realized by the communication device  230 . The second reception unit  231  receives the operating time which is vehicle information, the first estimation result of the full charging capacity, and the transmission request from the battery control device  120  of the vehicle  100  via the DCM  130 . 
     The second transmission unit  232  transmits the second estimation result of the full charging capacity estimated by the second estimation unit  211  which will be described later to the vehicle  100  having transmitted the transmission request in response to the transmission request received from the vehicle  100  by the second reception unit  231 . The second transmission unit  232  identifies a transmission destination of the second estimation result based on the identification information of the vehicle  100  included in the transmission request received from the second reception unit  231 , and transmits the second estimation result to the identified vehicle  100 . 
     The second storage unit  221  is a functional unit which is constituted by the database  220 . The second storage unit  221  stores first information D 1  based on the first estimation result of the full charging capacity which is estimated by performing charging/discharging control of the battery  110  in a plurality of vehicles  100 .  FIG. 5  illustrates an example of a data structure of the first information D 1 . 
     The first information D 1  will be more specifically described below with reference to  FIGS. 5A and 5B . The first information D 1  includes collection information D 12  of the estimation results of the full charging capacities collected from a plurality of vehicles  100  and analysis information D 11  which is acquired from the derivation unit  212  by deriving a correlation between the operating time and the full charging capacity based on the collection information D 12 . When the operating time t_o [h] at a representative temperature T r  of the battery  110  and the first estimation result F_o [Ah] of the full charging capacity are acquired from the vehicles  100  by the second reception unit  231 , the second storage unit  221  stores the acquired information as the collection information D 12 . When a correlation between the operating time t_o and the first estimation result F_o is derived by the derivation unit  212 , the second storage unit  221  stores the acquired correlation as the analysis information D 11 . 
     The derivation unit  212  performs a derivation process of deriving the correlation between the operating time t_o and the full charging capacity F_o from the collection information D 12  stored in the second storage unit  221 . The derivation unit  212  classifies groups of the operating time t_o and the full charging capacity F_o in a plurality of vehicles  100  stored in the second storage unit  221  into a plurality of sections based on the magnitude of the operating time t_o. In this embodiment, the derivation unit  212  classifies the groups of information into three sections, large, middle, and small, according to the magnitude of the operating time t_o. The number of sections is not limited thereto. 
     The derivation unit  212  selects a minimum value of the classified full charging capacities F_o as a representative value F_e [Ah] of the full charging capacity. In this way, the derivation unit  212  acquires the correlations between the full charging capacity F_o and the representative values F_e in the classifications of the operating time t_o and stores the acquired correlations as analysis information D 11  in the second storage unit  221 . In  FIG. 5B , the groups of information are classified into three sections according to the magnitude of the operating time t_o and the representative value F_e of the full charging capacity F_o in each section is illustrated as an example of the analysis information D 11 . 
     The derivation unit  212  performs the aforementioned derivation process when a predetermined number of groups of the collection information D 12  which are collected from a plurality of vehicles  100  and which includes the groups of the operating time t_o and the full charging capacity F_o are stored. In addition, when the predetermined number of groups are collected, the derivation unit  212  updates the correlation. The derivation unit  212  compares the derived representative value F_e of the full charging capacity F_o classified into each section with the minimum value of the full charging capacity F_o of each section which has been newly stored and updates the minimum value as a new representative value F_e. 
     The representative value F_e of the full charging capacity F_o is not limited to the minimum value and an average value of each section may be selected as the representative value. Derivation of the correlation in the derivation unit  212  is not limited to the aforementioned example, and a relational expression may be derived from the groups of the operating time t_o and the full charging capacity F_o. A probability of the correlation derived by the derivation unit  212  may be ascertained based on test data which is acquired in advance. 
     The second estimation unit  211  performs a second estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity when the transmission request has been received from the vehicle  100  via the communication device  230 . When the analysis information D 11  which is the correlation derived by the derivation unit  212  is stored in the second storage unit  221 , the second estimation unit  211  estimates the full charging capacity of the battery  110  of the vehicle  100  based on the operating time received along with the transmission request from the vehicle  100  by the second reception unit  231  and the correlation stored in the second storage unit  221 . When the number of pieces of the collection information D 12  from a plurality of vehicles  100  in the second storage unit  221  is not sufficient and the correlation has not been derived, the second estimation unit  211  estimates the full charging capacity of the battery  110  based on the first information D 1  stored in the second storage unit  221 . The second estimation result of the full charging capacity estimated by the second estimation unit  211  is transmitted to the vehicle  100  by the second transmission unit  232 . 
     A control flow which is performed by a vehicle  100  according to this embodiment will be described below with reference to  FIG. 6 . For example, this control flow is started when an 1G state of the vehicle  100  is switched to an ON state. 
     In Step S 101 , the first estimation unit  121  ascertains whether it is time to estimate a full charging capacity. For example, when a predetermined period has elapsed after the process of estimating a full charging capacity has been previously performed, the first estimation unit  121  determines that it is time to estimate a full charging capacity, and the control flow proceeds to Step S 102 . The predetermined period is, for example, two months. When it is determined that it is not time to estimate a full charging capacity, the control flow returns to Step S 101 . 
     In Step S 102 , the conversion unit  122  performs a conversion process. The conversion unit  122  converts a temperature history stored in the first storage unit  124  to the operating time of the battery  110  at a representative temperature. Details of the conversion process will be described later with reference to  FIG. 7 . After the conversion process has been performed in Step S 102 , the control flow proceeds to Step S 103 . 
     Subsequently, in Step S 103 , the first estimation unit  121  performs the first estimation process. Details of the first estimation process will be described later with reference to  FIG. 8 . After the first estimation process has been performed in Step S 103 , the control flow proceeds to Step S 104 . 
     Subsequently, in Step S 104 , the first transmission unit  131  determines whether the first estimation process performed by the first estimation unit  121  has been completed. For example, when a completion flag acquired from the first estimation unit  121  is set to 1 indicating that the first estimation process has been completed, it is determined that the first estimation process has been completed. Completion of the first estimation process represents that the first estimation unit  121  could acquire the first estimation result of the full charging capacity by performing the first estimation process. When it is determined that the first estimation process has been completed, the control flow proceeds to Step S 105 . When it is determined that the first estimation process has not been completed, the control flow proceeds to Step S 106 . 
     In Step S 105 , the first transmission unit  131  outputs the first estimation result and the operating time to the DCM  130  and transmits the first estimation result and the operating time to the center server  200  via the DCM  130 . 
     In Step S 106 , the first transmission unit  131  outputs a transmission request for requesting the center server  200  to transmit an estimation result of the full charging capacity of the battery  110  and the operating time to the DCM  130  and transmits the transmission request and the operating time to the center server  200  via the DCM  130 . The first transmission unit  131  may transmit the transmission request and the operating time at the same time or may transmit the transmission request and the operating time at different timings along with identification information indicating that they are information on one group. After Step S 106  has been performed, the control flow proceeds to Step S 107 . In Step S 107 , the first reception unit  132  receives a second estimation result of the full charging capacity estimated by the center server  200  from the center server  200  via the DCM  130 . The control flow ends when Step S 105  has been performed or when Step S 107  has been performed. 
     The conversion process which is performed by the battery control device  120  will be described below with reference to  FIG. 7 . In this embodiment, the conversion process is started when it is determined that it is time for the first estimation unit  121  to estimate the full charging capacity. The conversion process is a process of converting a temperature history stored in the first storage unit  124  to the operating time of the battery  110  at a representative temperature, which is performed by the conversion unit  122 . 
     In Step S 201 , the conversion unit  122  acquires a temperature history from the first storage unit  124 . The temperature history includes a cumulative time t a  for each temperature T a  which is classified into a plurality of sections as described above. Cumulative times t 1 , t 2 , . . . , t n  are stored for the temperatures T 1 , T 2 , . . . , T n , where n denotes the number of sections. Then, in Step S 202 , the process of Step S 203  is repeatedly performed by the number of sections n. In Step S 203 , the conversion unit  122  converts the cumulative time at each temperature to the operating time t r  at the representative temperature T r  over the number of sections n and integrates the operating time. In this way, the conversion unit  122  acquires the operating time t r  at the representative temperature T r . After Step S 203  has been performed up to the number of sections n, the conversion unit  122  ends the conversion process. 
     The first estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity which is performed by the battery control device  120  will be described below with reference to 
       FIG. 8 . In Step S 301 , the first estimation unit  121  resets various parameters. Initial values are substituted into a timer which will be described later, a completion flag, and an integrated current value. The initial values are preferably zero. 
     In Step S 302 , the first estimation unit  121  determines whether the first condition has been satisfied. When it is determined that the first condition has been satisfied, the control flow proceeds to Step S 303 . When it is determined that the first condition has not been satisfied, the control flow proceeds to Step S 308 . 
     In Step S 303 , the first estimation unit  121  starts charging/discharging control of the battery  110 . The first estimation unit  121  performs charging/discharging control such that the battery  110  is charged or discharged in a predetermined SOC range. While the battery  110  is being charged or discharged, the acquisition unit  123  acquires a measured value of the current of the battery  110  from the sensor  160 . The first estimation unit  121  integrates the acquired measured value of the current. 
     Subsequently, in Step S 304 , the first estimation unit  121  determines whether the second condition has been satisfied while the charging/discharging control is being performed. When it is determined that the second condition has been satisfied, the control flow proceeds to Step S 305 . When it is determined that the second condition has not been satisfied, the charging/discharging control is stopped and the first estimation process ends. 
     In Step S 305 , the first estimation unit  121  determines whether the charging/discharging control has been completed. For example, when the battery  110  has been discharged or charged in a preset period of time, the first estimation unit  121  determines that the charging/discharging control has been completed. Alternatively, the sensor  160  measures the voltage of the battery  110  and it is determined that the charging/discharging control has been completed when an SOC estimated based on the voltage of the battery  110  is a lower limit or an upper limit for estimating the full charging capacity. When the first estimation unit  121  determines that the charging/discharging control has been completed, the control flow proceeds to Step S 306 . When the first estimation unit  121  determines that the charging/discharging control has not been completed, the charging/discharging control is continued and the control flow returns to Step S 304 . 
     In Step S 306 , the first estimation unit  121  acquires the first estimation result of the full charging capacity by dividing the integrated current value by the SOC range in which the battery  110  is charged or discharged by the charging/discharging control. Subsequently, in Step S 307 , the completion flag is set to 1. 
     In Step S 308 , the first estimation unit  121  determines whether the time is over with reference to the timer. When it is determined that the time is over, the first estimation unit  121  ends the first estimation process. When the first estimation unit  121  determines that the time is not over, the control flow returns to Step S 302 . 
     This control flow ends when the first estimation unit has been completed, when the first estimation process has been stopped, or when the time is over without satisfying the first condition. 
     A control flow which is performed by the center server  200  according to this embodiment will be described below with reference to  FIG. 9 . In Step S 401 , it is determined whether the second reception unit  231  has received vehicle information from the vehicle  100 . When it is determined in Step S 401  that the second reception unit  231  has received vehicle information, the control flow proceeds to Step S 402 . When it is determined in Step S 401  that the second reception unit  231  has not received vehicle information, the control flow returns to Step S 401 . 
     In Step S 402 , the second reception unit  231  determines whether the vehicle information received from a vehicle  100  is a transmission request. In other words, the second reception unit  231  determines whether a transmission request has been received from the vehicle  100 . When it is determined in Step S 402  that the second reception unit  231  has received the transmission request, the control flow proceeds to Step S 403 . When it is determined in Step S 402  that the transmission request has not been received, the control flow proceeds to Step S 405 . 
     In Step S 403 , the second estimation unit  211  performs the second estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity and acquires the second estimation result. The second estimation process will be described later with reference to  FIG. 11 . Subsequently, in Step S 404 , the second transmission unit  232  transmits the second estimation result to the vehicle  100  having transmitted the transmission request to the center server  200 . 
     In Step S 405 , the second storage unit  221  stores the operating time at the representative temperature of the battery  110  and the first estimation result of the full charging capacity which are received from the vehicle  100  by the second reception unit  231  as collection information D 12 . Subsequently, in Step S 406 , the derivation unit  212  performs the derivation process. The derivation process will be described later with reference to  FIG. 10 . 
     The derivation process which is performed by the center server  200  will be described below with reference to  FIG. 10 . In Step S 501 , the derivation unit  212  determines whether the number of pieces n of the collection information D 12  stored in the second storage unit  221  is equal to or greater than a predetermined number n1. When it is determined that the number of pieces of collection information is equal to or greater than the predetermined number n1, the control flow proceeds to Step S 502 . When it is determined that the number of pieces of collection information is not equal to or greater than the predetermined number n1, the derivation process ends. 
     In Step S 502 , the derivation unit  212  determines whether a difference between the number of pieces n of the collection information D 12  stored in the second storage unit  221  and the predetermined number n1 is divisible by dn. When the difference is divisible, the control flow proceeds to Step S 503 . That is, the processes of Step S 503  and steps subsequent thereto are performed whenever dn groups of the operating time and the first estimation result of the full charging capacity which is equal to or greater than the predetermined number n1 are stored. Accordingly, derivation of the analysis information D 11  which is the correlation between the operating time and the full charging capacity from the first estimation result of the full charging capacity collected from a plurality of vehicles  100  is performed by the derivation unit  212  whenever a predetermined number of pieces of data is stored. 
     In Step S 503 , the derivation unit  212  classifies the groups of the operating time and the first estimation result in a plurality of vehicles  100  stored in the second storage unit  221  into a plurality of sections of the operating time. Subsequently, in Step S 504 , the process of Step S 505  is repeatedly performed by the number of sections. 
     In Step S 505 , the derivation unit  212  stores a minimum value of the full charging capacity in each section as a representative value of the full charging capacity in the operating time of the corresponding section. When derivation of a representative value in each section was performed in the past, the derivation unit  212  compares the derived representative value of the full charging capacity for each section with a newly stored minimum value of the full charging capacity for each section and updates the minimum value as a new representative value. 
     Subsequently, in Step S 506 , the derivation unit  212  stores the correlation which is an estimated value of the full charging capacity in each section as analysis information D 11  in the second storage unit  221 . In this control flow, the correlation is derived according to the total number of pieces of data, but it may be determined whether to derive the correlation according to the number of pieces of data for each section. 
     The second estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity which is performed by the center server  200  will be described below with reference to  FIG. 11 . In Step S 601 , the second estimation unit  211  determines whether the analysis information D 11  which is the correlation derived by the derivation unit  212  is stored in the second storage unit  221 . When it is determined in Step S 601  that the analysis information D 11  which is the correlation derived by the derivation unit  212  is stored in the second storage unit  221 , the control flow proceeds to Step S 602 . When it is determined in Step S 601  that the analysis information D 11  which is the correlation derived by the derivation unit  212  is not stored in the second storage unit  221 , the second estimation process ends. That is, when the number of pieces of the collection information D 12  from a plurality of vehicles  100  is not sufficient in the second storage unit  221  and the correlation is not derived, the second estimation process ends without estimating the full charging capacity. 
     In Step S 602 , the second estimation unit  211  estimates the full charging capacity of the battery  110  of a vehicle  100  based on the operating time received along with the transmission request from the vehicle  100  by the second reception unit  231  and the correlation stored in the storage unit. 
     In the second estimation process, when the full charging capacity could not be estimated, the center server  200  transmits the second estimation result indicating that the full charging capacity could not be estimated to the vehicle  100 . In this case, the vehicle  100  may use a previous estimation result instead of the second estimation result of the full charging capacity. Alternatively, information indicating a relationship between an operating time and a deterioration level which has been acquired by test in advance may be stored in the vehicle  100  and may be alternatively used to estimate the full charging capacity. 
     Second Embodiment 
     In the first embodiment, when an amount of estimation results of full charging capacities collected from a plurality of vehicles  100  is insufficient and correlations thereof are not derived, the center server  200  transmits the second estimation result indicating that a full charging capacity could not be estimated to the vehicle  100  without performing estimation of a full charging capacity. In a second embodiment, when an amount of estimation results of full charging capacities collected from a plurality of vehicles  100  is insufficient and correlations thereof are not derived, a full charging capacity is estimated using measurement data in test which were performed in advance in the second estimation process. 
     In the second embodiment, only differences from the first embodiment will be described. An outline configuration of a battery control system and the hardware configuration and a functional configuration of a vehicle  100  are the same as in the first embodiment and thus description thereof will be omitted. 
       FIG. 12  is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration of a management system according to the second embodiment. As illustrated in  FIG. 12 , a second storage unit  221  which is a functional unit of a center server  200  stores second information D 2  on deterioration characteristics of a battery  110  which was acquired by testing batteries  110  in a plurality of vehicles  100  in advance in addition to first information D 1  based on a first estimation result of a full charging capacity which is estimated by performing charging/discharging control of the batteries  110 . 
       FIG. 13  is a flowchart illustrating a second estimation process which is performed by the center server  200  according to the second embodiment. As illustrated in  FIG. 13 , the center server  200  according to the second embodiment additionally performs Step S 603 . 
     The second estimation process of estimating a full charging capacity which is performed by the center server  200  will be described below with reference to  FIG. 13 . In Step S 601 , the second estimation unit  211  determines whether analysis information D 11  which is a correlation derived by the derivation unit  212  is stored in the second storage unit  221 . When it is determined in Step S 601  that the analysis information D 11  which is the correlation derived by the derivation unit  212  is stored in the second storage unit  221 , the control flow proceeds to Step S 602 . When it is determined in Step S 601  that the analysis information D 11  which is the correlation derived by the derivation unit  212  is not stored in the second storage unit  221 , the control flow proceeds to Step S 603 . That is, when the number of pieces of collection information D 12  from a plurality of vehicles  100  is not sufficient in the storage unit and the correlation is not derived, the control flow proceeds to Step S 603 . 
     In Step S 603 , the second estimation unit  211  estimates the full charging capacity of the battery  110  based on the operating time received along with the transmission request from a vehicle  100  by the second reception unit  231  and the second information D 2  stored in the second storage unit. 
     Accordingly, even when an amount of estimation results of the full charging capacity collected from a plurality of vehicles  100  is not sufficient and a correlation is not derived, it is possible to estimate the full charging capacity of the battery  110  based on the second information D 2 . In comparison with a case in which full charging capacity estimation maps are individually provided for vehicles  100 , a larger amount of information can be stored using the database  220  of the center server  200 . 
     Accordingly, although accuracy is lower than that of the first estimation result in the vehicles  100 , it is possible to estimate the full charging capacity using the center server  200  and to update the estimation result of the full charging capacity. 
     Third Embodiment 
     In the first and second embodiments, the second estimation unit  211  is provided in the center server  200 . In a third embodiment, the second estimation unit  211  is provided in a vehicle  100 . 
     In the third embodiment, only differences from the first embodiment will be described. An outline configuration of a battery control system is the same as in the first embodiment and thus description thereof will be omitted. As illustrated in  FIG. 14  which is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration of a vehicle  100 , the battery control device  120  of the vehicle  100  includes the second estimation unit  211 . Instead, the second estimation unit  211  may not be provided in  FIG. 15  which is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration of a center server  200 . The battery control device  120  receives analysis information D 11  from the center server  200  and stores the analysis information D 11  in the first storage unit  124 . 
       FIG. 13  is a flowchart illustrating a control flow which is performed by a vehicle  100  according to the third embodiment. As illustrated in  FIG. 13 , in the third embodiment, when it is determined in Step S 104  that estimation of the first estimation process has not been completed, the control flow proceeds to S 108  and a second estimation process is performed. 
       FIG. 17  is a flowchart illustrating a control flow which is performed by the center server  200  according to the third embodiment. As illustrated in  FIG. 17 , Step S 407  and S 408  are newly added in the third embodiment. 
     When it is determined in Step S 401  that the second reception unit  231  has received vehicle information, the control flow proceeds to Step S 405 . In Step S 405 , the second storage unit  221  stores an operating time at a representative temperature of the battery  110  received from the vehicle  100  by the second reception unit  231  and a first estimation result of the full charging capacity as collection information D 12 . Subsequently, in Step S 406 , the derivation unit  212  performs a derivation process. 
     After the derivation process has been performed in Step S 406 , the control flow proceeds to Step S 407 . In Step S 407 , it is determined whether new analysis information D 11  has been generated in the derivation process. When it is determined that new analysis information has been generated in the derivation process, that is, when the analysis information D 11  has been updated with the stored collection information D 12 , the control flow proceeds to Step S 408 . When it is determined that new analysis information D 11  has not been generated in the derivation process, the center server  200  ends the control flow. In Step S 408 , the center server  200  transmits the analysis information D 11  to the vehicle  100  via the second transmission unit  232 . 
     Accordingly, even when the first estimation process of estimating a full charging capacity in a vehicle  100  could not be performed and the vehicle  100  is not in an environment in which communication with the center server  200  is possible, it is possible to perform the second estimation process using the second estimation unit based on the analysis information D 11  which has been received from the center server in advance. 
     MODIFIED EXAMPLES 
     The aforementioned embodiments are described to facilitate understanding of the present disclosure, but not to limit the applicable embodiment. Accordingly, the elements disclosed in the aforementioned embodiments are intended to include all design modifications belonging to the technical scope of the present disclosure and equivalents thereto. 
     For example, in the aforementioned embodiments, the functional unit of the conversion unit  122  is provided in the vehicle  100 , but the functional unit of the conversion unit  122  may be provided in the center server  200 . In this case, the vehicle  100  can transmit temperature history information to the center server  200  and the center server  200  can convert the received temperature history information to an operating time. 
     Accordingly, since the conversion process of converting the temperature history to the operating time at the representative temperature does not need to be performed in the vehicle  100 , it is possible to reduce a processing cost in the vehicle  100 . 
     In the aforementioned embodiments, the operating time at the representative temperature of the battery  110  is used as information on the state quantity of the battery  110  which is transmitted and received between the vehicle  100  and the center server  200 , but the state quantity may be information indicating only the number of times of charging/discharging or the operating time of the battery  110 . 
     In the aforementioned embodiments, when the first estimation process of estimating the full charging capacity could not be performed in the vehicle  100 , the state quantity of the battery  110  is transmitted to the center server  200  along with the transmission request, but the vehicle  100  may transmit only the transmission request without including the state quantity. In this case, the center server  200  stores information on an operation state such as the operating time of the battery  110  for each vehicle  100  in advance. When the transmission request is received, the center server  200  can identify the vehicle  100  based on identification information of the vehicle  100  included in the received transmission request, read information on operation for the vehicle  100  from the database  220 , and estimate the full charging capacity. 
     Accordingly, when the first estimation process of the full charging capacity cannot be performed in the vehicle  100 , it is possible to decrease an amount of information which is transmitted from the vehicle  100  to the management device. 
     In the aforementioned embodiments, the battery  110  is a high-voltage battery for driving in the hybrid vehicle  100 , but may be an auxiliary-machinery battery. The battery  110  may be applied to a backup battery for backing up supply of electric power when a main battery malfunctions during automated driving. The predetermined condition for performing the first estimation process of a full charging capacity in the vehicle  100  can be individually set depending on batteries which are used.