Patent Publication Number: US-9837446-B2

Title: Thin film transistor array panel and manufacturing method thereof

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/010,497, filed on Jan. 29, 2016, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/367,061, filed on Feb. 6, 2012, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,252,226, and claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2011-0077021, filed on Aug. 2, 2011, each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes as if fully set forth herein. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Field of the Invention 
     Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relates to a thin film transistor array panel and a manufacturing method thereof. 
    
    
     Description of the Related Art 
     In general, a flat panel display such as a liquid crystal display and an organic light emitting diode display may include a plurality of pairs of field generating electrodes and an electro-optical active layer interposed therebetween. The liquid crystal display may include a liquid crystal layer as the electro-optical active layer, and the organic light emitting diode display may include an organic emission layer as the electro-optical active layer. 
     Typically, one of a pair of field generating electrodes is generally connected to a switching element to receive an electric signal, and the electro-optical active layer converts the electric signal into an optical signal, thereby displaying an image. 
     In the flat panel display, for example, a thin film transistor (TFT), which is a three-terminal element, is used as the switching element, signal lines of a gate line transferring a scanning signal for controlling the thin film transistor, and a data line transferring a signal applied to a pixel electrode may be included in the flat panel display. 
     However, manufacturers are challenged as an area of the display device becomes larger, in order to implement high-speed driving, an oxide semiconductor technology has been adopted for a method of reducing resistance in signal lines. 
     In order to reduce the resistance in the signal lines, a method of forming a double-layered signal line made of copper and titanium has been adopted. However, a characteristic of the thin film transistor may be deteriorated due to a foreign substance defect generated in an interface between titanium and the oxide semiconductor. 
     Therefore, there is need to reduce resistance in signal lines along with an enlarged display. 
     The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is described to set up recognition of problems within the existing art. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     These and other needs are addressed by the present invention, in which exemplary embodiments of, the present invention have been contemplated in an effort to provide a thin film transistor array panel having advantages of improving a characteristic of a thin film transistor using an oxide semiconductor and a manufacturing method thereof. 
     Exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide a thin film transistor array panel. The thin film transistor array panel includes a gate wiring layer disposed on a substrate. The panel also includes an oxide semiconductor layer disposed on the gate wiring layer. The panel includes a data wiring layer disposed on the oxide semiconductor layer. The data wiring layer includes a main wiring layer and a capping layer disposed on the main wiring layer, and wherein the main wiring layer comprises copper and the capping layer comprises a copper alloy. 
     The copper alloy may comprise a copper alloy at least one of vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), tantalum (Ta), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), cobalt (Co), niobium (Nb), and nickel (Ni) or an alloy of copper, aluminum, and magnesium. 
     The copper alloy may include a copper-manganese alloy. 
     The oxide semiconductor layer may include at least one of zinc (Zn), indium (In), tin (Sn), gallium (Ga), and hafnium (Hf). 
     The data wiring layer may further include a barrier layer disposed below the main wiring layer. 
     The barrier layer may include a material made of an alloy of at least one of vanadium (V), zirconium (Zr), tantalum (Ta), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), cobalt (Co), niobium (Nb), and nickel (Ni) and copper. 
     The material forming the alloy with copper in the barrier layer may have the content of 10 at % or more. 
     The data wiring layer may include a data line crossing the gate line and including a source electrode and a drain electrode facing the source electrode, the data line crossing the gate line. 
     The thin film transistor array panel may further include a passivation layer covering the data line and the drain electrode and including a contact hole exposing a part of the drain electrode and a pixel electrode electrically connected with the drain electrode through the contact hole. 
     The passivation layer may include silicon oxide. 
     Exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide a manufacturing method of a thin film transistor array panel. The method includes forming a gate line on a substrate. The method includes forming a gate insulating layer on the gate line. The method also includes forming an oxide semiconductor layer, a first metal layer, and a second metal layer on the gate insulating layer. The method includes forming a first photo resist pattern comprising a first region and a second region having a thickness thicker than the first region on the second metal layer. The method includes etching the second metal layer and the first metal layer together by using the first photo resist pattern as a mask. The method includes etching the oxide semiconductor layer by using the first photo resist pattern as a mask. The method includes forming a second photo resist pattern by etching back the first photo resist pattern. The method also includes forming a data wiring layer comprising a barrier layer and a main wiring layer disposed on the barrier layer by wet-etching the first metal layer and the second metal layer at the same time by using the second photo resist pattern as a mask. 
     The first metal layer may comprise a copper alloy and the second metal layer may comprise copper. 
     The first metal layer may be made of an alloy of at least one of vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), tantalum (Ta), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), cobalt (Co), niobium (Nb), and nickel (Ni) and copper. 
     The material forming the alloy with copper in the first metal layer may have the content of about 25 at % or more. 
     The manufacturing method may further include forming a third metal layer after forming the second metal layer on the gate insulating layer. 
     The third metal layer may comprise a copper alloy. 
     The manufacturing method may further include forming a capping layer on the main wiring layer by etching the third metal layer together when the first metal layer and the second metal layer are wet-etched by using the second photo resist pattern as a mask. 
     Exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide a manufacturing method of a thin film transistor array panel. The manufacturing method includes forming a gate line on a substrate comprising a wiring part and a channel part. The method includes forming a gate insulating layer covering the gate line. The method also includes forming an oxide semiconductor layer, a first metal layer, and a second metal layer on the gate insulating layer. The method also includes forming a first photo resist pattern having an opening disposed at a portion corresponding to the channel part on the second metal layer. The method includes forming a data wiring layer comprising a barrier layer and a main wiring layer disposed on the barrier layer by etching the first metal layer and the second metal layer together by using the first photo resist pattern as a mask. The method includes removing the first photo resist pattern. The method includes forming a second photo resist pattern covering the data wiring layer. The method also includes etching the oxide semiconductor layer by using the second photo resist pattern as a mask. 
     The first metal layer may comprise a copper alloy and the second metal layer may comprise copper. 
     The first metal layer may be made of an alloy of at least one of vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), tantalum (Ta), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), cobalt (Co), niobium (Nb), and nickel (Ni) and copper. 
     The material forming the alloy with copper in the first metal layer may have the content of about 25 at % or more. 
     The manufacturing method may further include forming a third metal layer after forming the second metal layer on the gate insulating layer. 
     The third metal layer may comprise a copper alloy. 
     The manufacturing method may further include forming a capping layer on the main wiring layer by etching the third metal layer together when the first metal layer and the second metal layer are wet-etched by using the first photo resist pattern as a mask. 
     According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to improve a characteristic of a thin film transistor by stably contacting an oxide semiconductor and a signal line. 
     Further, according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to simplify a process by batch-etching multi-layered signal lines in a manufacturing process of a thin film transistor array panel. 
     In addition, according to yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to control a channel length by reducing a skew generated in a manufacturing process of a thin film transistor array panel. 
     It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a layout view showing one pixel of a thin film transistor array panel according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention. 
       FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II of  FIG. 1 . 
       FIGS. 3 to 9  are cross-sectional views taken along line II-II of  FIG. 1  in order to describe a method of manufacturing a thin film transistor array panel according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention. 
       FIGS. 10 to 13  are cross-sectional views taken along line II-II of  FIG. 1  in order to describe a method of manufacturing a thin film transistor array panel according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS 
     The invention is described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure is thorough, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, the size and relative sizes of layers and regions may be exaggerated for clarity. Like reference numerals in the drawings denote like elements. 
     In the drawings, the thickness of layers, films, panels, and regions are exaggerated for clarity. It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being “on” or “connected to” another element or layer, it can be directly on or directly connected to the other element or layer, or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” or “directly connected to” another element or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers present. It will be understood that for the purposes of this disclosure, “at least one of X, Y, and Z” can be construed as X only, Y only, Z only, or any combination of two or more items X, Y, and Z (e.g., XYZ, XYY, YZ, ZZ). 
       FIG. 1  is a layout view showing one pixel of a thin film transistor array panel according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention.  FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II of  FIG. 1 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 , for example, a plurality of gate lines  121  are formed on an insulation substrate  110  made of transparent glass or plastic. 
     As an example, the gate lines  121  transfer gate signals and mainly extending in a horizontal direction. Each gate line  121  may include a plurality of gate electrodes  124  protruding from the gate line  121 . 
     The gate lines  121  and the gate electrodes  124  may have a triple-layered structure configured by first layers  124   p  (which corresponds to the gate electrodes  124  and first layer corresponding to the gate lines  121  is not shown), second layers  124   q  (which corresponds to the gate electrodes  124  and second layer corresponding to the gate lines  121  is not shown), and third layers  124   r  (which corresponds to the gate electrodes  124  and third layer corresponding to the gate lines  121  is not shown). The first layers (e.g.,  124   p ), the second layers (e.g.,  124   q ), and the third layers (e.g.,  124   r ) may be made of aluminum-based metal, for example, aluminum (Al) and an aluminum alloy, silver-based metal, for example, silver (Ag), and a silver alloy, copper-based metal, for example, copper (Cu) and a copper alloy, molybdenum-based metal, for example, molybdenum (Mo) and a molybdenum alloy, for example chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), and manganese (Mn). 
     Further, the first layers  171   p  and  124   p , the second layers  171   q  and  124   q , and the third layers  171   r  and  124   r  may be formed by combining other layers having different physical properties. In the exemplary embodiments, it is contemplated that the gate lines  121  and the gate electrodes  124  are formed in the triple-layer, but the contemplation is not limited thereto and may be formed in a single-layer or double-layer. 
     As an example, a gate insulating layer  140  made of an insulating material such as silicon oxide or silicon nitride is disposed on the gate line  121 . 
     A plurality of oxide semiconductors  151  may be formed on the gate insulating layer  140 . For example, the oxide semiconductors  151  mainly extend in a vertical direction and may include a plurality of projections  154  protruding toward the gate electrode  124 . 
     The oxide semiconductor  151  includes at least one of zinc (Zn), indium (In), tin (Sn), gallium (Ga), and hafnium (Hf). 
     A plurality of data lines  171  and a plurality of drain electrodes  175  are formed on the oxide semiconductor  151  and the gate insulating layer  140 . 
     The data lines  171  transfer data signals and, for example, mainly extend in a vertical direction to cross the gate lines  121 . Each data line  171  extends toward the gate electrode  124  to include a plurality of source electrodes  173  having a U-letter shape. 
     The drain electrode  175  is separated from the data line  171  and extends toward the upper side from the center of the U-letter shape of the source electrodes  173 . 
     The data line  171  including the source electrodes  173  and the drain electrode  175  have a triple-layered structure of barrier layers  171   p ,  173   p , and  175   p , main wiring layers  171   q ,  173   q , and  175   q , and capping layers  171   r ,  173   r , and  175   r . The barrier layers  171   p ,  173   p , and  175   p  are made of a copper alloy, the main wiring layers  171   q ,  173   q , and  175   q  are made of copper, and the capping layers  171   r ,  173   r , and  175   r  are made of a copper alloy. 
     For example, by way of a configuration, the capping layers  171   r ,  173   r , and  175   r  can be omitted, and the data line  171  and drain electrode  175  may be formed in a double-layer of the barrier layers  171   p ,  173   p , and  175   p  and the main wiring layers  171   q ,  173   q , and  175   q.    
     According to exemplary embodiments, the barrier layers  171   p ,  173   p , and  175   p  can be omitted and the data line  171  and drain electrode  175  may be formed in a double-layer of the main wiring layers  171   q ,  173   q , and  175   q  and the capping layers  171   r ,  173   r , and  175   r  as an exemplary configuration. 
     For example, the barrier layers  171   p ,  173   p , and  175   p  and the capping layers  171   r ,  173   r , and  175   r  may be made of an alloy configured by at least one of vanadium (V), zirconium (Zr), tantalum (Ta), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), cobalt (Co), niobium (Nb), or nickel (Ni) and copper. The capping layers  171   r ,  173   r , and  175   r  may be made of an alloy of copper, magnesium, and aluminum. 
     The barrier layers  171   p ,  173   p , and  175   p  are made of a copper alloy such that a foreign substance defect generated by using titanium as a conventional barrier layer may be reduced. Herein, the foreign substance defect includes a part of metallic components of the oxide semiconductor that is extracted due to a property of titanium to be bonded with oxygen and the part of metallic components form a protrusion in an interface between the oxide semiconductor and the barrier layer. As a result, a characteristic of the thin film transistor may be deteriorated. 
     The material which forms the alloy with copper among the materials forming the barrier layers  171   p ,  173   p , and  175   p  may have the content of about 10 at % or more. For example, when manganese (Mn) forming an alloy with copper of about 10 at % or more is included in the barrier layers  171   p ,  173   p , and  175   p , charge mobility of the oxide semiconductor layer is improved such that high resolution and high-speed driving can be implemented. 
     Our experimental results indicate that the alloy of copper with manganese significantly improve charge mobility of the oxide semiconductor. As an experimental result, for example, when manganese (Mn) of 4 at % is used in the barrier layers  171   p ,  173   p , and  175   p , the charge mobility is 3.65 (cm 2 /Vs), and when manganese (Mn) of 10 at % is used in the barrier layers  171   p ,  173   p , and  175   p , the charge mobility is 6.25 (cm 2 /Vs). As described above, the experimental results show that as the content of manganese used in copper is increased, the characteristic of the thin film transistor is improved. 
     An exposed portion which is not covered by the data line  171  and the drain electrode  175  is disposed between the source electrode  173  and the drain electrode  175  in the projection  154  of the oxide semiconductor layer  151 . The oxide semiconductor layer  151  has substantially the same planar pattern as the data line  171  and the drain electrode  175  except for the exposed portion of the projection  154 . 
     One gate electrode  124 , one source electrode  173 , and one drain electrode  175  form one thin film transistor (TFT) together with the projection  154  of the oxide semiconductor layer  151  and a channel of the thin film transistor is formed at the projection  154  between the source electrode  173  and the drain electrode  175 . 
     A passivation layer  180  is formed on the data line  171 , the drain electrode  175 , and the exposed projection  154  of the semiconductor layer. The passivation layer  180  is made of an inorganic insulator such as silicon nitride or silicon oxide, an organic insulator, and a low dielectric insulator. 
     Lifting may occur due to copper oxide (CuOx) generated by directly contacting the main wiring layers  171   q ,  173   q , and  175   q  made of copper with the passivation layer  180  when deposing the passivation layer made of silicon oxide or corrosion may occur when a contact hole  185  to be described below is formed at the passivation layer  180 . However, according to the exemplary embodiments, the capping layers  171   r ,  173   r , and  175   r  are disposed below the passivation layer  180  such that the lifting and the corrosion in the data line  171  and the drain electrode  175  can be prevented. 
     A plurality of contact holes  185  exposing one end of the drain electrode  175  are formed at the passivation layer  180 . 
     A plurality of pixel electrodes  191  are formed on the passivation layer  180 . The pixel electrode  191  is physically and electrically connected with the drain electrode  175  through the contact hole  185  and receives data voltage from the drain electrode  175 . The pixel electrode  191  to which the data voltage is applied generates an electric field together with a common electrode receiving common voltage (not shown and may be formed on an opposed display panel or a thin film transistor array panel), thereby determining a direction of liquid crystal molecules of a liquid crystal layer (not shown) interposed between two electrodes. The pixel electrode  191  and the common electrode configure a capacitor (hereinafter, referred to as a “liquid crystal capacitor”) and maintain the applied voltage even after the thin film transistor is turned off. 
     The pixel electrode  191  may configure a storage capacitor by overlapping with a storage electrode line (not shown) and voltage storage capacity of the liquid crystal capacitor may be reinforced therethrough. 
     The pixel electrode  191  may be made of a transparent conductor such as ITO or IZO. 
       FIGS. 3 to 9  are cross-sectional views taken along line II-II of  FIG. 1  in order to describe a method of manufacturing a thin film transistor array panel according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , for example, the gate wiring metal layer described in  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2  is formed on an insulation substrate  110  made of transparent glass or plastic by using a sputtering method or the like and then, patterned so as to form a gate line  121  and a gate electrode  124 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 4 , for example, a gate insulating layer  140 , an oxide semiconductor layer  150 , a first metal layer  170   p , a second metal layer  170   q , and a third metal layer  170   r  are formed on the gate line  121  and the gate electrode  124 . 
     The oxide semiconductor layer  170  may be made of a material including at least one of zinc (Zn), indium (In), tin (Sn), gallium (Ga), and hafnium (Hf). The first metal layer  170   p  may be made of an alloy of at least one of vanadium (V), zirconium (Zr), tantalum (Ta), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), cobalt (Co), niobium (Nb), and nickel (Ni) and copper. The second metal layer  170   q  may be made of copper and the third metal layer  170   r  may be made of an alloy of at least one of vanadium (V), zirconium (Zr), tantalum (Ta), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), cobalt (Co), niobium (Nb), and nickel (Ni) and copper, or an alloy of copper, aluminum, and magnesium. 
     For example, a photo resist is formed and pattered on the third metal layer  170   r  to form the first photo resist pattern  50 . The first photo resist pattern  50  has a thick first region  50   a  and a relatively thin second region  50   b . A thickness difference of the first photo resist pattern  50  controls an irradiating light amount by using a mask or may be formed by using a reflow method. In the case where the light amount is controlled, a slit pattern, a lattice pattern, or a semi-transparent layer may be formed on the mask. The second region  50   b  having a thin thickness corresponds to a position at which the channel region of the thin film transistor is formed. 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , for example, the first metal layer  170   p , the second metal layer  170   q , the third metal layer  170   r , and the oxide semiconductor layer  150  are simultaneously etched by using the first photo resist pattern  50  as the mask. An etchant used above may use an etchant capable of etching the first metal layer  170   p , the second metal layer  170   q , the third metal layer  170   r , and the oxide semiconductor layer  150  at the same time. 
     Referring to  FIG. 6 , the second region  50   b  of the first photo resist pattern  50  can be removed by etching back. In this case, the first region  50   a  is etched together and a width and a height are decreased to form the second photo resist pattern  51 . The second photo resist pattern  51  is formed at regions A′, B′, and C′ smaller than regions A, B, and C with the first photo resist pattern  50  as shown in  FIG. 5 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 7 , for example, the first metal layer  170   p , the second metal layer  170   q , and the third metal layer  170   r  disposed at the second region A′ of the second photo resist pattern  51  are etched by using the second photo resist pattern  51  as a mask. According to the exemplary embodiments, the etchant used above has to use another etchant different from the etchant used in  FIG. 5 . The reason is because the oxide semiconductor layer  150  of the second region A′ has not to be etched. 
     In this case, the first metal layer  170   p , the second metal layer  170   q , and the third metal layer  170   r  are separated from each other with the channel region  154  therebetween to form the data lines  171   p ,  171   q , and  171   r , the source electrodes  173   p ,  173   q , and  173   r , and the drain electrodes  175   p ,  175   q , and  175   r . Further, while an upper surface of the oxide semiconductor layer  150  is exposed, the oxide semiconductor  154  forming the channel region is formed. 
     As described above, if the photo resist patterns having different thicknesses are used, the oxide semiconductor  154  has substantially the same planar pattern as the data line  171 , the source electrode  173 , and the drain electrode  175  except for the channel region. 
     Referring to  FIG. 8 , the second photo resist pattern  51  can be removed by ashing. 
     Referring to  FIG. 9 , the passivation layer  180  is made of an organic material or an inorganic material and the contact hole  185  exposing the drain electrode  175  is formed by using the photo resist pattern. After forming the passivation layer  180 , heat treatment may be performed in order to improve a characteristic of the oxide semiconductor  154 . 
     Thereafter, as shown in  FIG. 2 , a transparent conductor such as ITO or IZO is formed and patterned to form the pixel electrode  191  which electrically contacts the exposed drain electrode  175 . 
       FIGS. 10 to 13  are cross-sectional views taken along line II-II of  FIG. 1  in order to describe a method of manufacturing a thin film transistor array panel according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention. 
     Referring to  FIG. 10 , like the exemplary embodiments described in  FIGS. 3 to 9 , the gate insulating layer  140 , the oxide semiconductor layer  150 , the first metal layer  170   p , the second metal layer  170   q , and the third metal layer  170   r  are formed after forming the gate line  121  and the gate electrode  124 . 
     Thereafter, the photo resist is formed and pattered on the third metal layer  170   r  to form a first photo resist pattern  50   a . Unlike the first photo resist pattern  50  of the exemplary embodiment described in  FIGS. 3 to 9 , the first photo resist pattern  51   a  is formed so as to have an opening which exposes the upper surface of the third metal layer  170   r  disposed at a portion corresponding to the channel region. 
     Referring to  FIG. 11 , for example, the first metal layer  170   p , the second metal layer  170   q , and the third metal layer  170   r  are etched by using the first photo resist pattern  50   a  as the mask. Herein, the portion of the third metal layer  170   r  which is exposed by the opening, the second metal layer  170   q , and the first metal layer  170   p  are also etched in sequence and then, the oxide semiconductor layer  150  of the position with the channel region is exposed. 
     In this case, the first metal layer  170   p , the second metal layer  170   q , and the third metal layer  170   r  are separated from each other with the channel region CH therebetween to form a data wiring layer including the data lines  171   p ,  171   q , and  171   r , the source electrodes  173   p ,  173   q , and  173   r , and the drain electrodes  175   p ,  175   q , and  175   r . The data lines  171   p ,  171   q , and  171   r , the source electrodes  173   p ,  173   q , and  173   r , and the drain electrodes  175   p ,  175   q , and  175   r  have the barrier layers  171   p ,  173   p , and  175   r  disposed on the oxide semiconductor layer  150 , the main wiring layers  171   q ,  173   q , and  175   q  disposed on the barrier layers  171   p ,  173   p , and  175   r , and the capping layers  171   r ,  173   r , and  175   r  disposed on the main wiring layers  171   q ,  173   q , and  175   q , respectively. 
     Referring to  FIG. 12 , for example, the first photo resist pattern  50   a  is removed to form a second photo resist pattern  50   b . The second photo resist pattern  50   b  is formed so as to cover the exposed oxide semiconductor layer  150  corresponding to the data lines  171   p ,  171   q , and  171   r , the source electrodes  173   p ,  173   q , and  173   r , the drain electrodes  175   p ,  175   q , and  175   r , and the channel region. 
     Referring to  FIG. 13 , for example, the oxide semiconductor  154  having substantially the same planar pattern as the data lines  171   p ,  171   q , and  171   r , the source electrodes  173   p ,  173   q , and  173   r , and the drain electrodes  175   p ,  175   q , and  175   r  except for the channel region is formed by etching the oxide semiconductor layer  150  by using the second photo resist pattern  50   b  as a mask. The oxide semiconductor layer  150  corresponding to the channel region is protected by being covered by the second photo resist pattern  50   b.    
     The second photo resist pattern  50   b  is removed. 
     According to the exemplary embodiments described in  FIG. 9 , the passivation layer having the contact hole is formed and, the pixel electrode is formed on the passivation layer so as to be electrically connected with the drain electrode through the contact hole of the passivation layer. 
     According to the exemplary embodiments, the data wiring layer and the oxide semiconductor layer are separately etched such that it is possible to minimize that a side wall of the oxide semiconductor layer is in discord with a side wall of the data wiring layer to protrude due to the skew generated when forming the data wiring layer with the triple-layer. 
     It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.