Patent Publication Number: US-2023132682-A1

Title: Led driving device providing high led utilization and lighting apparatus including the same

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is based on and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0148957, filed on Nov. 2, 2021, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field 
     One or more embodiments relate to a light emitting diode (LED), and more particularly, to a device providing high LED utilization and a lighting apparatus including the same. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     As an example of light-emitting devices, a light-emitting diode (LED) is used in various applications due to good power consumption and small size. The intensity of light emitted from an LED may depend on an amount of current passing therethrough, and a lighting apparatus powered by an alternating current (AC) voltage may include a component for providing an appropriate current to LEDs from the AC voltage. Therefore, it may be required to efficiently provide a current to LEDs from an AC power source. Also, a lighting apparatus may be required to stably emit light while maintaining high efficiency despite the magnitude of an AC voltage fluctuating depending on the environment. 
     SUMMARY 
     One or more embodiments include a device providing high efficiency in various environments and a lighting apparatus including the same. 
     Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments of the disclosure. 
     According to one or more embodiments, a device includes a light-emitting diode (LED) array including a plurality of LEDs; a rectifier configured to supply an input voltage rectified from an AC voltage to the LED array; an LED driver configured to drain an LED driving current from the LED array; and a current distributor configured to sense a first current passing through at least one first LED from among the plurality of LEDs and supply a second current to at least one second LED from among the plurality of LEDs based on the first current, wherein the first current and the second current are included in the LED driving current. 
     The LED driver may include a current source configured to drain the LED driving current from a first LED group including the at least one first LED and the at least one second LED; a first switch connected between the at least one first LED and the current source; and a second switch connected between the at least one second LED and the current source. 
     When the input voltage is equal to or greater than a first threshold value and less than a second threshold value, the first switch and the second switch may be turned on, and, when the input voltage is equal to or greater than the second threshold value and less than a third threshold value, the first switch may be turned off and the second switch may be turned on. 
     The device may further include a first diode including an anode connected to a first node to which the at least one first LED and the first switch are connected and a cathode connected to a second node to which the second current is output from the current distributor. 
     The current distributor may be configured to cut off supply of the second current when a voltage of the anode of the first diode is higher than a voltage of the cathode of the first diode. 
     The current distributor may be configured to supply a third current to at least one third LED from among the plurality of LEDs based on the first current, the LED driver may further include a third switch connected between the at least one third LED and the current source, and the device may further include a second diode including an anode connected to a third node to which the at least one second LED and the second switch are connected and a cathode connected to a fourth node to which the third current is output from the current distributor. 
     The current distributor may be configured to sense a current passing through the at least one second LED and supply the third current to at least one third LED from among the plurality of LEDs based on the current passing through the at least one second LED, the LED driver may further include a third switch connected between the at least one third LED and the current source, and the device may further include a second diode including an anode connected to a third node to which the at least one second LED and the second switch are connected and a cathode connected to a fourth node to which the third current is output from the current distributor. 
     The LED array may include a plurality of LED groups each including at least one LED, and, from among the plurality of LED groups, the first LED group may be the farthest apart from a node to which the input voltage is applied. 
     The current distributor may include a current mirror configured to generate the second current proportional to the first current. 
     According to one or more embodiments, a method includes supplying an input voltage rectified from an AC voltage to a light-emitting diode (LED) array including a plurality of LEDs; draining an LED driving current from the LED array; and distributing the LED driving current in a first LED group including at least one first LED and at least one second LED from among the plurality of LEDs, wherein the distributing of the LED driving current includes sensing a first current passing through the at least one first LED; and supplying a second current to the at least one second LED based on the first current. 
     The draining of the LED driving current may include connecting a current source to the at least one first LED and the at least one second LED when the input voltage is equal to or greater than a first threshold value and less than a second threshold value; and disconnecting the current source from the at least one first LED and connecting the current source to the at least one second LED when the input voltage is equal to or greater than the second threshold value and less than a third threshold value. 
     The first LED group may further include at least one third LED, and the distributing of the LED driving current may further include supplying a third current to the at least one third LED based on the first current. 
     The first LED group may further include at least one third LED, and the distributing of the LED driving current may further include sensing a current passing through the at least one second LED; and supplying a third current to the at least one third LED based on the current passing through the at least one second LED. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain embodiments of the disclosure will be more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG.  1    is a block diagram showing a lighting apparatus according to one or more embodiments; 
         FIG.  2    is a circuit diagram showing a lighting apparatus according to one or more embodiments; 
         FIG.  3    is a timing diagram showing an example of the operation of a lighting apparatus according to one or more embodiments; 
         FIG.  4    is a circuit diagram showing a lighting apparatus according to one or more embodiments; 
         FIG.  5    is a timing diagram showing an example of the operation of a lighting apparatus according to one or more embodiments; 
         FIG.  6    is a circuit diagram showing a lighting apparatus according to one or more embodiments; 
         FIG.  7    is a timing diagram showing the operation of a lighting apparatus according to one or more embodiments; 
         FIG.  8    is a circuit diagram showing a lighting apparatus according to one or more embodiments; 
         FIG.  9    is a timing diagram showing the operation of a lighting apparatus according to one or more embodiments; 
         FIG.  10 A  is an example of a circuit diagram of a current distributor according to one or more embodiments; 
         FIG.  10 B  is another example of a circuit diagram of a current distributor according to one or more embodiments; 
         FIG.  10 C  is a yet another example of a circuit diagram of a current distributor according to one or more embodiments; 
         FIG.  10 D  is an example of a circuit diagram of a current distributor according to one or more embodiments; 
         FIG.  10 E  is another example of a circuit diagram of a current distributor according to one or more embodiments; 
         FIG.  11    is a block diagram showing a lighting apparatus according to one or more embodiments; 
         FIG.  12    is a timing diagram showing the operation of a lighting apparatus according to one or more embodiments; 
         FIG.  13    is a circuit diagram showing a current distributor according to one or more embodiments; 
         FIGS.  14 A and  14 B  are block diagrams showing examples of a lighting apparatus according to one or more embodiments; 
         FIG.  15    is a flowchart of a method of driving an LED according to one or more embodiments; 
         FIGS.  16 A and  16 B  are flowcharts showing examples of a method of driving an LED according to one or more embodiments; and 
         FIG.  17    is a flowchart of a method of driving an LED according to one or more embodiments. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the figures, to explain aspects of the present description. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. 
     One or more embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments are provided to more fully explain one or more embodiments to one of ordinary skill in the art. One or more embodiments may include various embodiments and modifications, and embodiments thereof will be illustrated in the drawings and will be described herein in detail. However, this is not intended to limit one or more embodiments to particular modes of practice, and it is to be appreciated that all changes, equivalents, and substitutes that do not depart from the spirit and technical scope of one or more embodiments are encompassed in one or more embodiments. Like reference numerals are used for similar elements in describing each drawing. In the accompanying drawings, the dimensions of the structures are shown enlarged or reduced from the actual size for the sake of clarity of one or more embodiments. 
     The terms used in the present specification are merely used to describe particular embodiments, and are not intended to limit one or more embodiments. An expression used in the singular encompasses the expression of the plural, unless it has a clearly different meaning in the context. Herein, it is to be understood that the terms such as “including” or “having,” etc., are intended to indicate the existence of the features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof disclosed herein, and are not intended to preclude the possibility that one or more other features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof may exist or may be added. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which one or more embodiments belong. Terms identical to those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the related art and are not to be interpreted as ideal or overly formal in meaning unless explicitly defined in the present application. 
       FIG.  1    is a block diagram showing a lighting apparatus  10  according to one or more embodiments. In detail,  FIG.  1    is a block diagram showing an alternating current (AC) voltage source providing power to the lighting apparatus  10  together with the lighting apparatus  10 . The lighting apparatus  10  may emit light based on power provided from an AC voltage V AC . In some embodiments, the lighting apparatus  10  may be included in a lamp for indoor lighting, outdoor lighting, portable lighting, and vehicle lighting, but one or more embodiments are not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the lighting apparatus  10  may be an independently distributed unit and have a structure removable from a lamp. 
     Referring to  FIG.  1   , the lighting apparatus  10  may include a rectifier  11 , an LED array  12 , an LED driver  13 , and a current distributor  14 . In some embodiments, two or more components included in the lighting apparatus  10  may be included in one semiconductor package. For example, the rectifier  11 , the LED driver  13 , and the current distributor  14  may be included in at least one semiconductor package. In some embodiments, the lighting apparatus  10  may include a printed circuit board (PCB), and at least one semiconductor package may be mounted on the PCB. 
     The rectifier  11  may generate an input voltage V IN  by rectifying an AC voltage V AC  like a sine wave. For example, the rectifier  11  may generate the input voltage V IN  by full-wave rectifying the AC voltage V AC  and may provide the input voltage V IN  to the LED array  12 . Herein, it is assumed that the rectifier  11  is a full-wave rectifier, but one or more embodiments are not limited thereto. 
     The LED array  12  may include at least one LED. For example, LED array  12  may include a single LED or at least one LED string including two or more LEDs connected in series. The LED array  12  may include a plurality of LEDs having substantially the same color temperature in some embodiments or may include a plurality of LEDs each having two or more different color temperatures in some other embodiments. LED groups included in the LED array  12  may each receive an LED driving current I DRV  and may emit light with an intensity determined according to the magnitude of a current passing therethrough. 
     The LED driver  13  may drain the LED driving current I DRV  from the LED array  12 . For example, as shown in  FIG.  1   , the LED driver  13  may drain first to fourth LED driving currents I DRV1  to I DRV4  from the LED array  12 . As described later with reference to the drawings, the LED driver  13  may drain one of the first to fourth LED driving currents I DRV1  to I DRV4  from the LED array  12  according to the level of the input voltage V IN . Therefore, the LED driving current I DRV  may correspond to zero or one of the first to fourth LED driving currents I DRV1  to I DRV4 . 
     The current distributor  14  may distribute the LED driving current I DRV  to LEDs included in the LED array  12 . For example, the current distributor  14  may distribute a fourth LED driving current I DRV4  to LEDs included in an LED group (e.g., G 4  of  FIG.  4   ) in which the fourth LED driving current I DRV4  is drained by the LED driver  13  from among LED groups included in the LED array  12 . To this end, as shown in  FIG.  1   , unlike first to third LED driving currents I DRV1  to I DRV3  each drained from the LED array  12  through one node, the fourth LED driving current I DRV4  may be drained from the LED array  12  through a plurality of nodes, and a current drained through each of the plurality of nodes may be determined by the current distributor  14 . As described later with reference to  FIGS.  4  and  5   , the current distributor  14  may distribute the fourth LED driving current I DRV4 , such that all LEDs included in a LED group emit light. Therefore, even when the peak of the AC voltage V AC  fluctuates, all LEDs of the LED array  12  may be used to emit light, and thus the light efficiency of the lighting apparatus  10  may be increased. 
     In some embodiments, the current distributor  14  may be implemented independently of the LED driver  13 . For example, the LED driver  13  may be included in a semiconductor package, and the current distributor  14  may be implemented as a separate semiconductor package or two or more semiconductor packages and mounted on the PCB together with the semiconductor package of the LED driver  13 . Therefore, the current distributor  14  may be easily added to or removed from the lighting apparatus  10  including the LED array  12  and the LED driver  13 , and the current distributor  14  may be selectively included according to various requirements of the lighting apparatus  10  (e.g., power efficiency, cost, volume, etc.). As a result, the production of various types of lighting apparatuses may be facilitated. 
       FIG.  2    is a circuit diagram showing a lighting apparatus  20  according to one or more embodiments, and  FIG.  3    is a timing diagram showing examples of the operation of the lighting apparatus  20  according to one or more embodiments. In detail, the circuit diagram of  FIG.  2    shows the lighting apparatus  20  in which the current distributor  14  of  FIG.  1    is omitted. 
     Referring to  FIG.  2   , the lighting apparatus  20  may include an LED array  22  and an LED driver  23 , and as described above with reference to  FIG.  1   , may further include a rectifier (not shown). The LED array  22  may receive an input voltage V IN  and may include first to fourth LED groups G 1  to G 4  connected to one another in series. The LED driver  23  may be connected to the LED array  22  through four nodes N 21  to N 24  respectively corresponding to the first to fourth LED groups G 1  to G 4  and may drain the LED driving current I DRV . To this end, the LED driver  23  may include first to fourth current sources CS 1  to CS 4  respectively connected to the four nodes N 21  to N 24 , and the first to fourth current sources CS 1  to CS 4  may generate the first to fourth LED driving currents I DRV1  to I DRV4  in an enabled state, respectively. In some embodiments, the first to fourth LED driving currents I DRV1  to I DRV4  may sequentially increase or have the same magnitude (I DRV1 ≤I DRV2 ≤I DRV3 ≤I DRV4 ). 
     The first to fourth current sources CS 1  to CS 4  may be mutually exclusively enabled according to voltages of the four nodes N 21  to N 24 . For example, as the input voltage V IN  increases, the first to fourth current sources CS 1  to CS 4  may be sequentially enabled, and, when another current source is enabled, a previously enabled current source may be disabled. In some embodiments, the LED driver  23  may include a control circuit for controlling the first to fourth current sources CS 1  to CS 4  as described above. 
     Hereinafter, an LED array including four LED groups and an LED driver including four current sources will be mainly described, but one or more embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, the LED array  22  may include a number of LED groups different from that shown in  FIG.  2   , and the LED driver  23  may include a number of current sources different from that shown in  FIG.  2   . Also, in some embodiments, an LED group may include a number of LEDs, which are connected to one another in series, different from that shown in  FIG.  2   . One LED shown in the drawings herein may correspond not only to one LED, but also to two or more LEDs connected to each other in series or parallel. 
     Referring to  FIG.  3   , the input voltage V IN  having a first peak PK 1  may be provided to the LED array  22 . The magnitude (e.g., peak) of the AC voltage V AC  supplied to the lighting apparatus  20  may fluctuate due to various factors, and thus the magnitude of the input voltage V IN  supplied to the LED array  22  is also may fluctuate. In a period from a time point t 11  to a time point t 12  and a time period from a time point t 15  to a time point t 16 , the input voltage V IN  may be higher than a LED voltage V LED  applied to a first LED group G 1 , and only a first current source CS 1  may be enabled. Therefore, the LED driving current I DRV  may be equal to a first LED driving current I DRV1 , and, as shown in  FIG.  3   , the first LED group G 1  may emit light. In a period from the time point t 12  to a time point t 13  and a time period from a time point t 14  to the time point t 15 , the input voltage V IN  may be higher than the LED voltage V LED  applied to the first LED group G 1  and a second LED group G 2 , and only a second current source CS 2  may be enabled. Therefore, the LED driving current I DRV  may be equal to a second LED driving current I DRV2 , and, as shown in  FIG.  3   , the first LED group G 1  and the second LED group G 2  may emit light. In a period from the time point t 13  to the time point t 14 , the input voltage V IN  may be higher than the LED voltage V LED  applied to first to third LED groups G 1  to G 3 , and only a third current source C 3  may be enabled. The LED driving current I DRV  may be equal to a third LED driving current I DRV3 , and thus, as shown in  FIG.  3   , the first to third LED groups G 1  to G 3  may emit light. 
     As shown in  FIG.  3   , when the input voltage V IN  does not rise to the LED voltage V LED  applied to the first to fourth LED groups G 1  to G 4 , LEDs included in a fourth LED group G 4  may not emit light. Therefore, only some of LEDs included in the LED array  22  may emit light, and the intensity of light emitted from the lighting apparatus  20  and LED utilization may decrease. As a result, the light efficiency of the lighting apparatus  20  may be deteriorated. Hereinafter, as described below with reference to  FIGS.  4  and  5   , the current distributor  14  of  FIG.  1    may distribute the LED driving current I DRV  to LEDs included in the fourth LED group G 4  in periods included in the period from the time point t 13  to the time point t 14 , and thus all of LEDs included in the LED array  22  may be used to emit light. 
       FIG.  4    is a circuit diagram showing a lighting apparatus  40  according to one or more embodiments, and  FIG.  5    is a timing diagram showing an example of the operation of the lighting apparatus  40  according to one or more embodiments. In detail, the circuit diagram of  FIG.  4    shows the lighting apparatus  40  including a current distributor  44 . Hereinafter, descriptions of  FIGS.  4  and  5    equal to the descriptions given above with reference to  FIGS.  2  and  3    will be omitted. 
     Referring to  FIG.  4   , the lighting apparatus  40  may include an LED array  42 , an LED driver  43 , the current distributor  44 , a first diode D 1 , and a second diode D 2 , and, as described above with reference to  FIG.  1   , may further include a rectifier (not shown). The LED array  42  may receive the input voltage V IN  and may include the first to fourth LED groups G 1  to G 4 . The LED driver  43  may include first to third current sources CS 1  to CS 3  respectively connected to three nodes N 41  to N 43  respectively corresponding to the first to third LED groups G 1  to G 3  and may include a fourth current source CS 4  connected to the fourth LED group G 4  through a plurality of nodes. The first to fourth current sources CS 1  to CS 4  may generate the first to fourth LED driving currents I DRV1  to I DRV4  in an enabled state, respectively. In some embodiments, the first to fourth LED driving currents I DRV1  to I DRV4  may sequentially increase or have the same magnitude (I DRV1 ≤I DRV2 ≤I DRV3 ≤I DRV4 ). 
     The LED driver  43  may include first to fourth switches SW 1  to SW 4  respectively corresponding to first to fourth LEDs L 1  to L 4  included in the fourth LED group G 4 . As shown in  FIG.  4   , the first to fourth switches SW 1  to SW 4  may pass first to fourth currents IL 1  to IL 4  therethrough in the on-state, respectively. As described later with reference to  FIG.  5   , the first to fourth switches SW 1  to SW 4  may be sequentially turned on or off according to the magnitude of the input voltage V IN , similarly as the first to fourth current sources CS 1  to CS 4 . 
     The current distributor  44  may be connected to LEDs included in the fourth LED group G 4 . For example, as shown in  FIG.  4   , the current distributor  44  may be connected to the first to fourth LEDs L 1  to L 4 . The current distributor  44  may sense a second LED current IL 2  passing through a second LED L 2 , and, based on the sensed second LED current IL 2 , and may supply a third LED current IL 3  and a fourth LED current IL 4  to a third LED L 3  and a fourth LED L 4 , respectively. Therefore, even when the input voltage V IN  does not rise to the LED voltage V LED  applied to the third LED L 3  and the fourth LED L 4  of the fourth LED group G 4 , the third LED L 3  and the fourth LED L 4  may emit light. 
     In some embodiments, unlike that shown in  FIG.  4   , a first terminal T 1  of the current distributor  44  may be connected to a third LED group G 3 , and the current distributor  44  may supply a first LED current I L1  to a first LED L 1 . In this case, the current distributor  44  may sense the first LED current I L1  and supply second to fourth LED currents I L2  to I L4  based on the first LED current I L1 . Also, in some embodiments, unlike that shown in  FIG.  4   , the first terminal T 1  of the current distributor  44  may be connected to the second LED L 2 . In this case, the current distributor  44  may sense the third LED current I L3  and supply the fourth LED current I L4  based on the third LED current I L3 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  5   , the input voltage V IN  having a second peak PK 2  may be provided to the LED array  42 . As shown in  FIG.  5   , the input voltage V IN  may be greater than the LED voltage V LED  applied to the first to third LED groups G 1  to G 3  and first to third LEDs L 1  to L 3  of the fourth LED group G 4 , but the input voltage V IN  may not rise to the LED voltage V LED  applied to the fourth LED L 4 . Nevertheless, the fourth LED L 4  may emit light together with the second LED L 2  and the third LED L 3 . 
     In a period from a time point t 21  to a time point t 22  and a time period from a time point t 31  to a time point t 32 , the input voltage V IN  may be higher than a LED voltage V LED  applied to the first LED group G 1 , and only the first current source CS 1  may be enabled. Therefore, the LED driving current I DRV  may be equal to the first LED driving current I DRV1 , and, as shown in  FIG.  3   , the first LED group G 1  may emit light. In a period from the time point t 22  to a time point t 23  and a time period from a time point t 30  to the time point t 31 , the input voltage V IN  may be higher than the LED voltage V LED  applied to the first LED group G 1  and the second LED group G 2 , and only the second current source CS 2  may be enabled. Therefore, the LED driving current I DRV  may be equal to the second LED driving current I DRV2 , and, as shown in  FIG.  3   , the first LED group G 1  and the second LED group G 2  may emit light. In a period from the time point t 23  to a time point t 24  and a time period from a time point t 29  to a time point t 30 , the input voltage V IN  may be higher than the LED voltage V LED  applied to the first to third LED groups G 1  to G 3 , and only the third current source C 3  may be enabled. The LED driving current I DRV  may be equal to the third LED driving current I DRV3 , and thus, as shown in  FIG.  3   , the first to third LED groups G 1  to G 3  may emit light. 
     In a period from the time point t 24  to a time point t 25  and a period from a time point t 28  to the time point t 29 , the input voltage V IN  may be higher than the LED voltage V LED  applied to the first to third LED groups G 1  to G 3  and first LEDs L 1  of the fourth LED group G 4 , and only a fourth current source C 4  may be enabled. As shown in  FIG.  5   , due to a turned-on first switch SW 1 , the LED driving current I DRV  equal to a fourth LED driving current I DRV4  may pass through the first LED L 1  and the first switch SW 1 , and the first LED current I L1  of  FIG.  4    may be equal to the fourth LED driving current I DRV4 . 
     In a period from the time point t 25  to a time point t 26  and a period from a time point t 27  to the time point t 28 , the input voltage V IN  may be higher than the LED voltage V LED  applied to the first to third LED groups G 1  to G 3  and first LEDs L 1  and second LEDs L 2  of the fourth LED group G 4 , and only a fourth current source C 4  may be enabled. As shown in  FIG.  5   , the first switch SW 1  may be turned off, and second to fourth switches SW 2  to SW 4  may maintain a turned-on state. Therefore, the LED driving current I DRV  corresponding to the fourth LED driving current I DRV4  may pass through the first LED L 1  and may flow while being dispersed in second to fourth LEDs L 2  to L 4 . In other words, the fourth LED driving current I DRV4  may be equal to the first LED current I L1  and may be equal to the sum of the second to fourth LED currents I L2  to I L4 . Therefore, second to fourth LED currents I L2  to I L4  may flow in the second to fourth LEDs L 2  to L 4 , respectively, and the second to fourth LEDs L 2  to L 4  may emit light. 
     In a period from the time point t 26  to the time point t 27 , the input voltage V IN  may be higher than the LED voltage V LED  applied to the first to third LED groups G 1  to G 3  and the first to third LEDs L 1  to L 3  of the fourth LED group G 4 , and only the fourth current source C 4  may be enabled. As shown in  FIG.  5   , the first switch SW 1  and a second switch SW 2  may be turned off, and a third switch SW 3  and a fourth switch SW 4  may maintain a turn-on state. Therefore, the LED driving current I DRV  equal to the fourth LED driving current I DRV4  may sequentially pass through the first LED L 1  and the second LED L 2  and may flow while being dispersed in the third LED L 3  and the fourth LED L 4 . In other words, the fourth LED driving current I DRV4  may be equal to each of the first LED current I L1  and the second LED current I L2  and may be equal to the sum of the third LED current I L3  and the fourth LED current I L4 . Therefore, the third LED current I L3  and the fourth LED current I L4  may flow in the third LED L 3  and the fourth LED L 4 , respectively, and the third LED L 3  and the fourth LED L 4  may emit light. Hereinafter, examples of the current distributor  44  for distributing current to the second to fourth LEDs L 2  to L 4  as shown in  FIG.  5    will be described with reference to the drawings. However, one or more embodiments are not limited thereto, and the magnitudes of distributed currents may be variously combined by, for example, circuits described later with reference to  FIGS.  10 A to  10 E . 
       FIG.  6    is a circuit diagram showing a lighting apparatus  60  according to one or more embodiments, and  FIG.  7    is a timing diagram showing the operation of the lighting apparatus  60  according to one or more embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG.  6   , the lighting apparatus  60  may include an LED driver  63 , a current distributor  64 , the fourth LED group G 4 , the first diode D 1 , and the second diode D 2 . The fourth LED group G 4  may include the first to fourth LEDs L 1  to L 4 . 
     The LED driver  63  may include the fourth current source CS 4  and first to fourth transistors M 61  to M 64 . The fourth current source CS 4  may correspond to the fourth current source CS 4  of  FIG.  4   , and the first to fourth transistors M 61  to M 64  may correspond to the first to fourth switches SW 1  to SW 4  of  FIG.  4   , respectively. As shown in  FIG.  6   , first to fourth voltages V 1  to V 4  may be applied to gates of the first to fourth transistors M 61  to M 64 , respectively. The first to fourth voltages V 1  to V 4  may have sequentially increasing magnitudes (V 1 &lt;&lt;V 2 &lt;V 3 &lt;V 4 ), such that the first to fourth transistors M 61  to M 64  operate as described above with reference to  FIG.  5   . As described above with reference to  FIG.  4   , the LED driver  63  may further include additional current sources. The LED driver  63  shown in  FIG.  6    is merely an example, and, in some embodiments, the LED driver  63  may have a structure different from that shown in  FIG.  6    (e.g.,  83  of  FIG.  8   ). 
     The current distributor  64  may include the first terminal T 1 , a first current source CS 61 , and a second current source CS 62 . The first current source CS 61  and the second current source CS 62  may be current controlled current sources. For example, as shown in  FIG.  6   , a sensing voltage VSEN may be generated by sensing the second LED current I L2  passing through the second LED L 2 , that is, a first current I 1 , and the first current source CS 61  and the second current source CS 62  may supply a second current I 2  and a third current I 3  corresponding to the magnitude of the sensing voltage VSEN. Hereinafter, it is assumed that the first current source CS 61  and the second current source CS 62  respectively supply the second current I 2  and the third current I 3  having the same magnitude as the first current I 1 , but one or more embodiments are not limited thereto. 
     Referring to  FIG.  7   , the input voltage V IN  may gradually increase. At a time point t 41 , the input voltage V IN  may cross a first threshold value THR 1 . In some embodiments, the first threshold value THR 1  may correspond to the LED voltage of the first to third LED groups G 1  to G 3  and the LED voltage of the first LED L 1  of the fourth LED group G 4 . Although the first to fourth transistors M 61  to M 64  are in the turned-on state, only the first LED L 1  may be turned on due to the magnitude of the input voltage V IN , and thus the first LED current I L1  equal to the fourth LED driving current I DRV4  may pass through the first LED L 1 . 
     At a time point t 42 , the input voltage V IN  may cross a second threshold value THR 2 . In some embodiments, the second threshold value THR 2  may correspond to the LED voltage of the first to third LED groups G 1  to G 3  and the LED voltage of the first LED L 1  and the second LED L 2  of the fourth LED group G 4 . A first transistor M 61  may be turned off, and second to fourth transistors M 62  to M 64  may maintain a turned-on state. The first LED current I L1  equal to the fourth LED driving current I DRV4  may flow into the current distributor  64  through the first terminal T 1 , and the sum of the second to fourth LED currents I L2  to I L4  may be equal to the first LED current ILL The first current source CS 61  and the second current source CS 62  may supply the second current I 2  and the third current I 3  having the same magnitude as the first current I 1 , respectively, and thus the second to fourth LED currents I L2  to I L4  may each correspond to ⅓ of the fourth LED driving current I DRV4 . 
     At a time point t 43 , the input voltage V IN  may cross a third threshold value THR 3 . In some embodiments, the third threshold value THR 3  may correspond to the LED voltage of the first to third LED groups G 1  to G 3  and the LED voltage of the first to third LEDs L 1  to L 3  of the fourth LED group G 4 . The first transistor M 61  and a second transistor M 62  may be turned off, and a third transistor M 63  and a fourth transistor M 64  may maintain a turned-on state. The third LED current I L3  may correspond to the sum of the second LED current I L2  (i.e., the first current and the second current I 2  supplied by the first current source CS 61 , and thus the third LED current I L3  may correspond to ⅔ of the fourth LED driving current I DRV4 . 
     At a time point t 44 , the input voltage V IN  may cross a fourth threshold value THR 4 . In some embodiments, the fourth threshold value THR 4  may correspond to the LED voltage of the first to third LED groups G 1  to G 3  and the LED voltage of the first to fourth LEDs L 1  to L 4  of the fourth LED group G 4 . First to third transistors M 61  to M 63  may be turned off, and the fourth transistor M 64  may be turned on. The fourth LED current I L4  may correspond to the sum of the third LED current I L3  and the third current I 3  supplied by the second current source CS 62 , and thus the fourth LED current I L4  may correspond to the magnitude of the fourth LED driving current I DRV4 . As a result, currents may flow in all of the first to fourth LEDs L 1  to L 4  after the time point t 41 , and thus the first to fourth LEDs L 1  to L 4  may emit light. 
       FIG.  8    is a circuit diagram showing a lighting apparatus  80  according to one or more embodiments, and  FIG.  9    is a timing diagram showing the operation of the lighting apparatus  80  according to one or more embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG.  8   , the lighting apparatus  80  may include an LED driver  83 , a current distributor  84 , the fourth LED group G 4 , the first diode D 1 , and the second diode D 2 . The fourth LED group G 4  may include the first to fourth LEDs L 1  to L 4 . 
     The LED driver  83  may include an amplifier A 8 , first to fourth transistors M 81  to M 84 , diodes D 81  to D 83 , and a resistor R 8 . The amplifier A 8  may include a non-inverting input to which a reference voltage V REF  is applied and an inverting input connected to the resistor R 8  and provide a bias voltage VBIAS to gates of the first to fourth transistors M 81  to M 84 . Therefore, the fourth current source CS 4  that drains the fourth LED driving current I DRV4  having a magnitude corresponding to ‘V REF /R 8 ’ from the fourth LED group G 4  may be formed. Also, an increasing drain-source voltage may be applied to the first to fourth transistors M 81  to M 84  by the diodes D 81  to D 83 , and thus the first to fourth transistors M 81  to M 84  may correspond to the first to fourth switches SW 1  to SW 4  of  FIG.  4   , respectively. As described above with reference to  FIG.  4   , the LED driver  83  may further include additional current sources. The LED driver  83  shown in  FIG.  8    is merely an example, and, in some embodiments, the LED driver  83  may have a structure different from that shown in  FIG.  8    (e.g.,  63  of  FIG.  6   ). 
     The current distributor  84  may include the first terminal T 1 , a first current source CS 81 , and a second current source CS 82 . The first current source CS 81  and the second current source CS 82  may be current controlled current sources. For example, as shown in  FIG.  8   , a first sensing voltage V SEN1  may be generated by sensing the second LED current I L2  passing through the second LED L 2 , and the first current source CS 81  may supply the second current I 2  corresponding to the magnitude of the first sensing voltage V SEN1 . Also, a second sensing voltage V SEN2  may be generated by sensing the third LED current I L3  passing through the third LED L 3 , and the second current source CS 82  may supply the third current I 3  corresponding to the magnitude of the second sensing voltage V SEN2 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  9   , the input voltage V IN  may gradually increase. At a time point t 51 , the input voltage V IN  may cross the first threshold value THR 1 . In some embodiments, the first threshold value THR 1  may correspond to the LED voltage of the first to third LED groups G 1  to G 3  and the LED voltage of the first LED L 1  of the fourth LED group G 4 . The first to fourth transistors M 81  to M 84  may be turned on. However, since the input voltage V IN  is between the first threshold value THR 1  and the second threshold value THR 2 , second to fourth transistors M 82  to M 84  may not pass current therethrough. Accordingly, the first LED current I L1  equal to the fourth LED driving current I DRV4  may pass through the first LED L 1 . 
     At a time point t 52 , the input voltage V IN  may cross a second threshold value THR 2 . In some embodiments, the second threshold value THR 2  may correspond to the LED voltage of the first to third LED groups G 1  to G 3  and the LED voltage of the first LED L 1  and the second LED L 2  of the fourth LED group G 4 . A first transistor M 81  may be turned off, and the second to fourth transistors M 82  to M 84  may be turned on. The first LED current I L1  equal to the fourth LED driving current I DRV4  may flow into the current distributor  84  through the first terminal T 1 , and the sum of the second to fourth LED currents I L2  to I L4  may be equal to the first LED current ILL The first current source CS 81  may supply the second current I 2  having the same magnitude as the first current I 1 , and the second current source CS 82  may supply the third current I 3  having the same magnitude as the third LED current I L3 . Therefore, the second LED current I L2  may correspond to ½ of the fourth LED driving current I DRV4 , respectively, the third LED current I L3  and the fourth LED current I L4  may each correspond to ¼ of the fourth LED driving current I DRV4 . 
     At a time point t 53 , the input voltage V IN  may cross the third threshold value THR 3 . In some embodiments, the third threshold value THR 3  may correspond to the LED voltage of the first to third LED groups G 1  to G 3  and the LED voltage of the first to third LEDs L 1  to L 3  of the fourth LED group G 4 . The first transistor M 81  and a second transistor M 82  may be turned off, and a third transistor M 83  and a fourth transistor M 84  may be turned on. The third LED current I L3  may correspond to the sum of the second LED current I L2  and the second current I 2  supplied by the first current source CS 81 , the magnitude of the fourth LED current I L4  may correspond to the magnitude of the third LED current I L3 , and the sum of the third LED current I L3  and the fourth LED current I L4  may correspond to the fourth LED driving current I DRV4 . Therefore, the second LED current I L2  may correspond to ½ of the fourth LED driving current I DRV4 , and the third LED current I L3  and the fourth LED current I L4  may each correspond to ½ of the fourth LED driving current I DRV4 . 
     At a time point t 54 , the input voltage V IN  may cross the fourth threshold value THR 4 . In some embodiments, the fourth threshold value THR 4  may correspond to the LED voltage of the first to third LED groups G 1  to G 3  and the LED voltage of the first to fourth LEDs L 1  to L 4  of the fourth LED group G 4 . First to third transistors M 81  to M 83  may be turned off, and the fourth transistor M 84  may be turned on. The fourth LED current I L4  may correspond to the fourth LED driving current I DRV4 , and the second LED current I L2  and the third LED current I L3  may each correspond to ½ of the fourth LED current I L4 . As a result, currents may flow in all of the first to fourth LEDs L 1  to L 4  after the time point t 52 , and thus the first to fourth LEDs L 1  to L 4  may emit light. 
       FIGS.  10 A to  10 E  are circuit diagrams showing examples of a current distributor according to one or more embodiments. In detail,  FIGS.  10 A to  10 E  show examples of a circuit included in a current distributor, which senses a sensing current I SEN  and generates an output current I OUT  based on the sensing current I SEN . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  10 A to  10 D , in some embodiments, a current distributor may include a current mirror. Referring to  FIG.  10 A , a circuit  10   a  may include a current mirror implemented with bipolar junction transistors. The output current I OUT  passing through a second transistor Q 2  may be proportional to the sensing current I SEN  passing through a first transistor Q 1 . Referring to  FIG.  10 B , a circuit  10   b  may include a first resistor R 1  and a second resistor R 2  as well as a first transistor Q 1  and a second transistor Q 2 . Due to the first resistor R 1  and the second resistor R 2 , an effect due to a mismatch between the first transistor Q 1  and the second transistor Q 2  may be reduced, and a ratio between the sensing current I SEN  and the output current I OUT  may be adjusted. Referring to  FIG.  10 C , a circuit  10   c  may include a current mirror implemented with field effect transistors. The output current I OUT  passing through a second transistor M 2  may be proportional to the sensing current I SEN  passing through a first transistor M 1 . Referring to  FIG.  10 D , a circuit  10   d  may include the first resistor R 1  and the second resistor R 2  as well as a first transistor M 1  and a second transistor M 2 . Due to the first resistor R 1  and the second resistor R 2 , an effect due to a mismatch between the first transistor M 1  and the second transistor M 2  may be reduced, and a ratio between the sensing current I SEN  and the output current I OUT  may be adjusted. 
     Referring to  FIG.  10 E , in some embodiments, a current distributor may include an amplifier. Referring to  FIG.  10 E , a circuit  10   e  may include an amplifier A 10 , the first transistor Q 1 , the first resistor R 1 , and the second resistor R 2 . Therefore, a voltage depending on the sensing current I SEN  may be formed at a non-inverting input and an inverting input of the amplifier A 10 , and the output current I OUT  having a magnitude dependent on the sensing current I SEN  may be generated. In some embodiments, as described later with reference to  FIG.  13   , the first transistor Q 1  of the circuit  10   e  may be replaced with a field effect transistor (i.e., a PFET). 
     In some embodiments, a current distributor may include additional circuits in a manner similar to circuits shown in  FIGS.  10 A to  10 E . For example, the current distributor  64  of  FIG.  6    may be implemented by adding a third transistor having a base connected to bases of the first transistor Q 1  and the second transistor Q 2  and an emitter connected to emitters of the first transistor Q 1  and the second transistor Q 2  to the circuit  10   a  of  FIG.  10 A . Therefore, the first current I 1  may correspond to the sensing current I SEN , and the second current I 2  and the third current I 3  may correspond to currents output by the second transistor Q 2  and the added transistor, respectively. Also, the current distributor  64  of  FIG.  6    may be implemented by adding a third transistor having an emitter and a base respectively connected to an emitter and a base of the first transistor Q 1  to the circuit  10   e  of  FIG.  10 E . Therefore, the first current I 1  may correspond to the sensing current I SEN , and the second current I 2  and the third current I 3  may correspond to currents output by the first transistor Q 1  and the added transistor, respectively. 
       FIG.  11    is a block diagram showing a lighting apparatus  110  according to one or more embodiments, and  FIG.  12    is a timing diagram showing the operation of the lighting apparatus  110  according to one or more embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG.  11   , the lighting apparatus  110  may include an LED driver  113 , a current distributor  114 , the fourth LED group G 4 , the first diode D 1 , and the second diode D 2 . The LED driver  113  may include the fourth current source CS 4  and the first to fourth switches SW 1  to SW 4 . Unlike the current distributor  44  of  FIG.  4   , the current distributor  114  of  FIG.  11    may be connected to anodes of the first diode D 1  and the second diode D 2 . When the input voltage V IN  has a magnitude large enough to drive an LED, at least a portion of the current distributor  114  may be disabled, thereby reducing power consumption by the current distributor  114  and providing higher current to the LED. To this end, the current distributor  114  may sense a voltage across the first diode D 1  and a voltage across the second diode D 2  and, when the voltage at an anode is higher than a voltage at a cathode, at least a portion of the current distributor  114  may be disabled. 
     Referring to  FIG.  12   , the input voltage V IN  may gradually increase. At a time point t 61 , the input voltage V IN  may cross the first threshold value THR 1 . In some embodiments, the first threshold value THR 1  may correspond to the LED voltage of the first to third LED groups G 1  to G 3  and the LED voltage of the first LED L 1  of the fourth LED group G 4 . The first to fourth switches SW 1  to SW 4  may be turned on. However, since the input voltage V IN  is between the first threshold value THR 1  and the second threshold value THR 2 , the second to fourth switches SW 2  to SW 4  may not pass current therethrough. Accordingly, the first LED current I L1  equal to the fourth LED driving current I DRV4  may pass through the first LED L 1 . 
     At a time point t 62 , the input voltage V IN  may cross a second threshold value THR 2 . In some embodiments, the second threshold value THR 2  may correspond to the LED voltage of the first to third LED groups G 1  to G 3  and the LED voltage of the first LED L 1  and the second LED L 2  of the fourth LED group G 4 . The first switch SW 1  may be turned off, and the second to fourth switches SW 2  to SW 4  may be turned on. The first LED current I L1  equal to the fourth LED driving current I DRV4  may flow into the current distributor  114  through the first terminal T 1 , and the sum of the second to fourth LED currents I L22  to I L4  may be equal to the first LED current ILL Therefore, the second to fourth LED currents I L2  to I L4  may each correspond to ⅓ of the fourth LED driving current I DRV4 . 
     At a time point t 63 , the input voltage V IN  may cross the third threshold value THR 3 . In some embodiments, the third threshold value THR 3  may correspond to the LED voltage of the first to third LED groups G 1  to G 3  and the LED voltage of the first to third LEDs L 1  to L 3  of the fourth LED group G 4 . The first switch SW 1  and the second switch SW 2  may be turned off, and a third switch SW 3  and the fourth switch SW 4  may be turned on. The second LED current I L2  may pass through the first diode D 1  and constitute a part of the third LED current I L3 , and an anode voltage of the first diode D 1  may be higher than a cathode voltage of the first diode D 1 . Therefore, the current distributor  114  may disable a component that supplies a current based on the second LED current I L2  (e.g., CS 61  of  FIG.  6    or CS 81  of  FIG.  8   ), and thus the second LED current I L2  the third LED current I L3  may be equal to each other. As a result, as shown in  FIG.  12   , the second to fourth LED currents I L2  to I L4  may correspond to ½ of the fourth LED driving current I DRV4 . 
     At a time point t 64 , the input voltage V IN  may cross the fourth threshold value THR 4 . In some embodiments, the fourth threshold value THR 4  may correspond to the LED voltage of the first to third LED groups G 1  to G 3  and the LED voltage of the first to fourth LEDs L 1  to L 4  of the fourth LED group G 4 . First to third switches SW 1  to SW 3  may be turned off, and the fourth switch SW 4  may be turned on. The third LED current I L3  may pass through the second diode D 2  and constitute a part of the fourth LED current I L4 , and an anode voltage of the second diode D 2  may be higher than a cathode voltage of the second diode D 2 . Therefore, the current distributor  114  may disable a component that supplies a current based on the third LED current I L3  (e.g., CS 62  of  FIG.  6    or CS 82  of  FIG.  8   ), and thus the second to fourth LED currents I L2  to I L4  may be equal to one another. As a result, as shown in  FIG.  12   , the second to fourth LED currents I L2  to I L4  may correspond to the fourth LED driving current I DRV4 . Compared with the examples of  FIGS.  7  and  9   , in the example of  FIG.  12   , after a time point t 62 , currents having larger magnitudes may pass through the second to fourth LEDs L 2  to L 4 , and thus light of stronger intensity may be emitted. 
       FIG.  13    is a circuit diagram showing a current distributor  130  according to one or more embodiments. In detail, the circuit diagram of  FIG.  13    shows the current distributor  130  for disabling a portion of the current distributor by sensing a voltage across a diode, as described above with reference to  FIGS.  11  and  12   . 
     Referring to  FIG.  13   , the current distributor  130  includes first to fifth terminals T 131  to T 135 , an amplifier A 13 , a comparator C 13 , a first transistor M 131 , a second transistor M 132 , a first resistor R 131 , and a second resistor R 132 . In some embodiments, the first resistor R 131  and/or the second resistor R 132  may be provided outside the current distributor  130 . 
     The comparator C 13  may receive a voltage across a diode D. When an anode voltage of the diode D is lower than a cathode voltage thereof, the comparator C 13  may generate a high-level output signal. In response to the high-level output signal, the second transistor M 132  may be turned off, and the amplifier A 13 , the first transistor M 131 , the first resistor R 131 , and the second resistor R 132  may, as described above with reference to  FIG.  10 E , generate an output current lour that is dependent on the sensing current I SEN . Conversely, when the anode voltage of the diode D is higher than the cathode voltage thereof, the comparator C 13  may generate a low-level output signal. In response to the low-level output signal, the second transistor M 132  may be turned on and electrically connect a source and a gate of the first transistor M 131 . Therefore, the first transistor M 131  may be turned off, and the supply of a first output voltage lour may be cut off. It will be understood that the structure of  FIG.  13    may be repeated when a current distributor distributes a plurality of currents, as described above with reference to  FIGS.  10 A to  10 E . 
       FIGS.  14 A and  14 B  are block diagrams showing examples of a lighting apparatus according to one or more embodiments. In some embodiments, a lighting apparatus  140   a  may include a plurality of current distributors, and the plurality of current distributors may be variously combined. 
     Referring to  FIG.  14 A , the lighting apparatus  140   a  may include first to fourth current distributors  141   a  to  144   a , the first to fourth LED groups G 1  to G 4 , diodes D, and an LED driver  145   a . The first to fourth current distributors  141   a  to  144   a  may be respectively included in four semiconductor packages or two or more current distributors from among the first to fourth current distributors  141   a  to  144   a  may be included in one semiconductor package. In some embodiments, the first to fourth current distributors  141   a  to  144   a  may have the same structure. 
     As shown in  FIG.  14 A , the first to fourth current distributors  141   a  to  144   a  may correspond to the first to fourth LED groups G 1  to G 4 , respectively. As described above with reference to the drawings, the first to fourth current distributors  141   a  to  144   a  may each distribute a current to each of LEDs included in a corresponding LED group. 
     Therefore, a time period during which LEDs of the first to fourth LED groups G 1  to G 4  emit light may be extended. Furthermore, despite the fluctuation of the peak of the input voltage V IN , all of LEDs in the first to fourth LED groups G 1  to G 4  may emit light. In some embodiments, as described above with reference to  FIG.  11   , the first to fourth current distributors  141   a  to  144   a  may be connected to the anodes of the diodes D, respectively, and may disable at least some components based on voltages across the diodes D. 
     Referring to  FIG.  14 B , a lighting apparatus  140   b  may include first to third current distributors  141   b  to  143   b , the first to fourth LED groups G 1  to G 4 , first to third diodes D 1  to D 3 , and an LED driver  145   b . The first to third current distributors  141   b  to  143   b  may be included in three semiconductor packages, respectively, or two or more current distributors from among the first to third current distributors  141   b  to  143   b  may be included in one semiconductor package. In some embodiments, the first to third current distributors  141   b  to  143   b  may have the same structure. 
     As shown in  FIG.  14 B , the first to third current distributors  141   b  to  143   b  may be connected in a cascaded shape. For example, a first current distributor  141   b  may receive the LED driving current I DRV , and supply a first LED group current I G1  to the first LED group G 1 , and may sense the first LED group current I G1  and supply a first output current I OUT1  to a second current distributor  142   b . The second current distributor  142   b  may receive the first output current I OUT1  and a current passed through the first diode D 1 , and supply a second LED group current IG 2  to the second LED group G 2 , and may sense the second LED group current IG 2  and supply a second output current I OUT2  to a third current distributor  143   b . The third current distributor  143   b  may receive the second output current I OUT2  and a current passed through the second diode D 2 , and supply a third LED group current IG 3  to the third LED group G 3 , and may sense the third LED group current IG 3  and supply a third output current I OUT3  to the fourth LED group G 4 . The fourth LED group G 4  may receive the third output current I OUT3  and a current passed through a third diode D 3 . Therefore, a time period during which LEDs of the first to fourth LED groups G 1  to G 4  emit light may be extended. Furthermore, despite the fluctuation of the peak of the input voltage V IN , all of LEDs in the first to fourth LED groups G 1  to G 4  may emit light. 
     As described above with reference to  FIG.  11   , the first current distributor  141   b  may sense a voltage across the first diode D 1  and may disable some components based on a sensed voltage. Also, the second current distributor  142   b  may sense a voltage across the second diode D 2  and may disable some components based on a sensed voltage. Also, the third current distributor  143   b  may sense a voltage across the third diode D 3  and may disable some components based on a sensed voltage. 
       FIG.  15    is a flowchart of a method of driving an LED according to one or more embodiments. As shown in  FIG.  15   , the method of driving an LED may include a plurality of operations S 20 , S 40 , and S 60 , and operations S 40  and S 60  may be performed in parallel with each other. In some embodiments, the method of  FIG.  15    may be performed by the LED driver  43  and current distributor  44  of  FIG.  4   , which will be described below with reference to  FIGS.  15  and  4   . 
     Referring to  FIG.  15   , in operation S 20 , the input voltage V IN  rectified from the AC voltage V AC  may be supplied to the LED array  42 . For example, the rectifier  11  of  FIG.  1    may full-wave rectify the AC voltage V AC , and a full-wave rectified input voltage V IN  may be supplied to the LED array  42 . 
     In operation S 40 , the LED driving current I DRV  may be distributed in the fourth LED group G 4 . As shown in  FIG.  4   , from among LED groups included in the LED array  42 , the fourth LED group G 4  may be farthest apart from a node to which the input voltage V IN  is applied. Even when the peak of the input voltage V IN  fluctuates, the current distributor  44  may distribute a current to the first to fourth LEDs L 1  to L 4 , such that the first to fourth LEDs L 1  to L 4  included in the fourth LED group G 4  emit light. Examples of operation S 40  will be described later with reference to  FIGS.  16 A and  16 B . 
     In operation S 60 , the LED driving current I DRV  may be drained from the LED array  42 . For example, the LED driver  43  may include the first to fourth current sources CS 1  to CS 4  respectively corresponding to the first to fourth LED groups G 1  to G 4  included in the LED array  42 , and the first to fourth current sources CS 1  to CS 4  may drain the first to fourth LED driving currents I DRV1  to I DRV4  from the LED array  42  in different periods, respectively. The fourth current source CS 4  may drain the fourth LED driving current I DRV4  from the fourth LED group G 4 , and thus, in operation S 40 , the current distributor  44  may distribute the fourth LED driving current I DRV4  to the first to fourth LEDs L 1  to L 4  included in the fourth LED group G 4 . An example of operation S 60  will be described later with reference to  FIG.  17   . 
       FIGS.  16 A and  16 B  are flowcharts showing examples of a method of driving an LED according to one or more embodiments. In detail, the flowcharts of  FIGS.  16 A and  16 B  show examples of operation S 40  of  FIG.  15   , respectively. As described above with reference to  FIG.  15   , in operation S 40   a  of  FIG.  16 A  and operation S 40   b  of  FIG.  16 B , a LED driving current may be distributed in a fourth LED group. In some embodiments, operation S 40   a  of  FIG.  16 A  may be performed by the current distributor  64  of  FIG.  6   , and operation S 40   b  of  FIG.  16 B  may be performed by the current distributor  84  of  FIG.  8   . Hereinafter,  FIGS.  16 A and  16 B  will be described with reference to  FIGS.  6  and  8   . 
     Referring to  FIG.  16 A , operation S 40   a  may include a plurality of operations S 41  to S 43 . In operation S 41 , the first current I 1  passing through the second LED L 2  may be sensed. For example, the current distributor  64  of  FIG.  6    may generate the sensing voltage VSEN by sensing the first current I 1 . 
     In operation S 42 , the second current I 2  may be supplied to the third LED L 3  based on the first LED current ILL For example, the current distributor  64  may include the first current source CS 61 , and the first current source CS 61  may supply the second current I 2  depending on the sensing voltage VSEN generated in operation S 41  to the third LED L 3 . 
     In operation S 43 , the third current I 3  may be supplied to the fourth LED L 4  based on the first current I 1 . For example, the current distributor  64  may include the second current source CS 62 , and the second current source CS 62  may supply the third current I 3  depending on the sensing voltage VSEN generated in operation S 41  to the fourth LED L 4 . 
     Referring to  FIG.  16 B , operation S 40   b  may include a plurality of operations S 44  to S 47 . In operation S 44 , the first current I 1  passing through the second LED L 2  may be sensed. For example, the current distributor  84  of  FIG.  8    may generate the first sensing voltage V SEN1  by sensing the first current I 1 . 
     In operation S 45 , the second current I 2  may be supplied to the third LED L 3  based on the first current I 1 . For example, the current distributor  84  may include the first current source CS 81 , and the first current source CS 81  may supply the second current I 2  depending on the first sensing voltage V SEN1  generated in operation S 44  to the third LED L 3 . 
     In operation S 46 , the third LED current I L3  passing through the third LED L 3  may be sensed. For example, the current distributor  84  of  FIG.  8    may generate the second sensing voltage V SEN2  by sensing the third LED current I L3 . 
     In operation S 47 , the third current I 3  may be supplied to the fourth LED L 4  based on the third LED current I L3 . For example, the current distributor  84  may include the second current source CS 82 , and the second current source CS 82  may supply the third current I 3  depending on the second sensing voltage V SEN2  generated in operation S 46  to the fourth LED L 4 . 
       FIG.  17    is a flowchart of a method of driving an LED according to one or more embodiments. In detail,  FIG.  17    shows an example of operation S 60  of  FIG.  15   . As described above with reference to  FIG.  15   , in operation S 60 ′ of  FIG.  17   , an LED driving current may be drained from an LED array. As shown in  FIG.  17   , operation S 60 ′ may include a plurality of operations S 61  to S 66 . In some embodiments, operation S 60 ′ may be performed by the LED driver  43  of  FIG.  4   , and  FIG.  17    will be described below with reference to  FIG.  4   . 
     Referring to  FIG.  17   , in operation S 61 , it may be determined whether the input voltage V IN  is equal to or greater than the second threshold value THR 2  and less than the third threshold value THR 3 . As shown in  FIG.  17   , when the input voltage V IN  is equal to or greater than the second threshold value THR 2  and less than the third threshold value THR 3 , in operation S 62 , the fourth current source CS 4  may be connected to the second to fourth LEDs L 2  to L 4 . For example, the first switch SW 1  may be turned off, and the second to fourth switches SW 2  to SW 4  may be turned on. 
     When the input voltage V IN  is less than the second threshold value THR 2  and equal to greater than the third threshold value THR 3 , in operation S 63 , it may be determined whether the input voltage V IN  is equal to or greater than the third threshold value THR 3  and less than the fourth threshold value THR 4 . As shown in  FIG.  17   , when the input voltage V IN  is equal to or greater than the third threshold value THR 3  and less than the fourth threshold value THR 4 , in operation S 64 , the fourth current source CS 4  may be disconnected from the second LED L 2  and connected to the third LED L 3  and the fourth LED L 4 . For example, the first switch SW 1  and the second switch SW 2  may be turned off, and a third switch SW 3  and the fourth switch SW 4  may be turned on. 
     When the input voltage V IN  is less than the third threshold value THR 3  and equal to or greater than the fourth threshold value THR 4 , in operation S 65 , it may be determined whether the input voltage V IN  is equal to or greater than the fourth threshold value THR 4 . As shown in  FIG.  17   , when the input voltage V IN  is equal to or greater than the fourth threshold value THR 4 , in operation S 66 , the fourth current source CS 4  may be disconnected from the second LED L 2  and the third LED L 3  and may be connected to the fourth LED L 4 . 
     As described above, example embodiments have been disclosed in the drawings and specification. Although embodiments have been described herein using specific terminology, it is understood that they have been used only for purposes of describing the inventive concept and not for limiting the scope of the inventive concept as defined in the claims. Therefore, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various modifications and equivalent embodiments are possible without departing from the scope of the inventive concept. Accordingly, the true scope of protection of the present disclosure should be determined by the technical idea of the appended claims. 
     According to a device and a lighting apparatus according to one or more embodiments, all LEDs included in the lighting apparatus may be driven even when the peak of an AC voltage fluctuates, and thus high LED utilization may be achieved. 
     Also, according to a device and a lighting apparatus according to one or more embodiments, high light efficiency may be achieved in the lighting apparatus due to the high LED utilization. 
     Effects that may be obtained in one or more embodiments are not limited to the above-stated effects, and other effects not stated may be clearly derived and understood from the following description by one of ordinary skill in the art to which one or more embodiments pertain. In other words, unintended effects associated with the reduction of one or more embodiments into practice may also be derived from one or more embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art. 
     It should be understood that embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the following claims.