Patent Publication Number: US-2020286851-A1

Title: Method and device for manufacturing stacked substrate

Description:
The contents of the following Japanese and International patent application are incorporated herein by reference: 
     No. 2017-228012 filed on Nov. 28, 2017, and 
     No. PCT/JP2018/039249 filed on Oct. 22, 2018. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Technical Field 
     The present invention relates to a method and a device for manufacturing a stacked substrate. 
     2. Related Art 
     Known is technology of stacking a plurality of substrates to form a stacked substrate. 
     Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2014-216496 
     In the stacked substrate, positional misalignment among the substrates is generated due to a variety of causes. Therefore, in order to obtain predetermined positional alignment accuracy, it is necessary to correct diverse types of positional misalignment components. 
     GENERAL DISCLOSURE 
     A first aspect of the present invention provides a manufacturing method comprising processing at least one of a plurality of substrates; stacking the plurality of substrates to manufacture a stacked substrate; and correcting, in the processing, a part of an amount of positional misalignment that is generated among a plurality of substrates in the stacking, and correcting, in the stacking, at least a part of the remainder of the amount of positional misalignment. 
     A second aspect of the present invention provides a manufacturing method comprising processing at least one of a plurality of substrates; stacking the plurality of substrates to manufacture a stacked substrate; and deciding a correction amount, based on an amount of positional misalignment among a plurality of substrates of each of a plurality of stacked substrates, wherein at least one of the processing and the stacking includes correcting, by the correction amount, at least one of a plurality of substrates to be stacked after the deciding. 
     A third aspect of the present invention provides a manufacturing method comprising processing at least one of a plurality of substrates, wherein the processing includes correcting, by a correction amount decided based on an amount of positional misalignment among a plurality of substrates of each of a plurality of stacked substrates each having a plurality of substrates stacked, at least one of a plurality of substrates to be stacked after the deciding. 
     A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a manufacturing method comprising stacking a plurality of substrates to manufacture a stacked substrate, wherein the stacking includes correcting, by a correction amount decided based on an amount of positional misalignment among a plurality of substrates of each of a plurality of stacked substrates, at least one of a plurality of substrates to be stacked after the deciding. 
     A fifth aspect of the present invention provides a manufacturing device comprising a processing unit that processes at least one of a plurality of substrates; and a stacking unit that stacks the plurality of substrates to manufacture a stacked substrate, wherein a part of an amount of positional misalignment that is generated among a plurality of substrates in the stacking unit is corrected in the processing unit, and at least a part of the remainder of the amount of positional misalignment is corrected in the stacking unit. 
     A sixth aspect of the present invention provides a manufacturing device comprising a processing unit that processes at least one of a plurality of substrates; and a stacking unit that stacks the plurality of substrates to manufacture a stacked substrate, wherein at least one of the processing unit and the stacking unit corrects, by a correction amount decided based on an amount of positional misalignment among a plurality of substrates of each of a plurality of stacked substrates, at least one of a plurality of substrates to be stacked after the deciding. 
     A seventh aspect of the present invention provides a manufacturing device comprising a processing unit that processes at least one of a plurality of substrates, wherein the processing unit corrects, by a correction amount decided based on an amount of positional misalignment among a plurality of substrates of each of a plurality of stacked substrates each having a plurality of substrates stacked one on top of another, at least one of a plurality of substrates to be stacked after the deciding. 
     An eighth aspect of the present invention provides a manufacturing device comprising a stacking unit that stacks a plurality of substrates to manufacture a stacked substrate, wherein the stacking unit corrects, by a correction amount decided based on an amount of positional misalignment among a plurality of substrates of each of a plurality of stacked substrates, at least one of a plurality of substrates to be stacked after the deciding. 
     The summary of the present invention does not necessarily describe all necessary features of the present invention. The present invention may also be a sub-combination of the features described above. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram showing an entire configuration of a manufacturing device  10 . 
         FIG. 2  is a flowchart showing an entire operation sequence of the manufacturing device  10 . 
         FIG. 3  is a flowchart showing an operation sequence of a processing unit  11 . 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic view of a film depositing device  100 . 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic view of a circuit forming device  200 . 
         FIG. 6  is a flowchart showing an operation sequence of a stacking unit  13 . 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic view of substrates  510  and  520 . 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic view of a substrate holder  530  that holds the substrate  510 . 
         FIG. 9  is a schematic view of a substrate holder  540  that holds the substrate  520 . 
         FIG. 10  is a schematic sectional view of a bonding device  300 . 
         FIG. 11  is a flowchart showing an operation sequence of the bonding device  300 . 
         FIG. 12  illustrates an operation of the bonding device  300 . 
         FIG. 13  illustrates an operation of the bonding device  300 . 
         FIG. 14  illustrates an operation of the bonding device  300 . 
         FIG. 15  illustrates an operation of the bonding device  300 . 
         FIG. 16  is a schematic view illustrating a stacking process. 
         FIG. 17  is a schematic view illustrating a positional misalignment component that is generated in the stacking processing. 
         FIG. 18  is a schematic view illustrating the positional misalignment component that is generated in the stacking processing. 
         FIG. 19  is a schematic view illustrating the positional misalignment component that is generated in the stacking processing. 
         FIG. 20  is a schematic view showing a distribution of positional misalignments. 
         FIG. 21  is a schematic sectional view of a correction device  601 . 
         FIG. 22  is a schematic front view of the correction device  601 . 
         FIG. 23  is a schematic view illustrating an operation of the correction device  601 . 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
     Hereinafter, some embodiments of the present invention will be described. The embodiments do not limit the invention defined in the claims. All combinations of features described in the embodiments are not necessarily essential to solving means of the invention. 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram showing an entire configuration of a manufacturing device  10  of a stacked substrate. The manufacturing device  10  includes a processing unit  11 , a second measuring unit  12 , a stacking unit  13 , a first measuring unit  14 , and a control device  130 . 
     The processing unit  11  includes a film depositing device  100  and a circuit forming device  200 . The film depositing device  100  forms a functional layer or a sacrificial layer on a substrate by a method such as CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition). The circuit forming device  200  performs patterning of a functional layer or sacrificial layer which is a film deposited on the substrate using patterning technology such as photolithography, to form an element, wiring and the like. By repeating the above operations, the processing unit  11  processes a plurality of substrates, which were each originally in a state of a bare wafer, to form structures such as a circuit, and repeatedly manufactures the substrates which form a stacked substrate. Meanwhile, in descriptions below, “processing” of the substrate means forming structures such as wiring, a circuit, a protection film and the like on the substrate by performing processing such as film deposition, patterning and the like on the substrate. Also, as used herein, the substrate includes a substrate on which structures such as wiring, a circuit, a protection film and the like are already formed, in addition to a single crystal wafer of silicon, compound semiconductor or the like. 
     As the circuit forming device  200 , an exposure device, an electron beam lithography device, a nanoimprint device and the like may be used. Also, the processing unit  11  may further include other devices that are used when processing the substrate to be a part of the stacked substrate with photolithography technology. As the other devices, a coater that applies resist onto the substrate, a wet etching device or a dry etching device that removes a part of the structure on the substrate, and the like may also be exemplified. 
     The film depositing device  100  can change characteristics of a thin film to be deposited by changing conditions relating to film deposition, for example, a substrate temperature, an applied voltage, a composition of a raw material gas, and the like. Also, the circuit forming device  200  can change a shape and a size of a pattern that is formed by patterning by optical or mechanical adjustment. Therefore, the film depositing device  100  and the circuit forming device  200  can also be used as a correction device that corrects a substrate. 
     The film depositing device  100  and the circuit forming device  200  have manufacturing errors with respect to film deposition and circuit formation. Also, when an exposure device is used as the circuit forming device  200 , patterning over a large area is performed by performing repeatedly exposure with one reticle. In this case, even though the exposure is performed with the same reticle, different distortions may be caused in patterns formed for different shots. For this reason, even when the substrates are processed in the processing unit  11  with the same recipe, individual differences occurs in the processed substrates. The individual differences may also cause the positional misalignment of the substrates in the stacked substrate. 
     The second measuring unit  12  measures distortion of the substrate that is carried into the stacking unit  13 . The distortion of the substrate influences an amount of positional misalignment in the stacked substrate formed by stacking substrates. The second measuring unit  12  may be provided independently of the stacking unit  13  but may also be served as a measuring device that is used for positional alignment by the bonding device  300 . 
     Herein, the distortion of the substrate shows up as displacement from a design coordinate, i.e., a design position, of a structure such as an element, wiring and the like on the substrate. The distortion that is generated in the substrate includes two-dimensional distortion and three-dimensional distortion. Regarding the positional misalignment due to the distortion, the positional misalignment between the substrates cannot be eliminated even if movement in the bonding surface along a plane direction (X-Y direction) and rotation angle (θ) in the bonding surface are adjusted. 
     The two-dimensional distortion refers to displacement of a structure that is generated along a bonding surface between one substrate and another substrate. The two-dimensional distortion includes linear distortion causing displacement from the design position that can be expressed by linear transformation, and non-linear distortion that is any other distortion. As the linear distortion, distortion marked by a magnification in which an amount of displacement increases at a constant increase rate in a constant direction, for example, outward from a center in a radial direction may be exemplified. 
     The magnification is a value (unit: ppm) obtained by dividing an amount of misalignment from a design value at a distance X from the center of a substrate by the distance X. The magnification includes an isotropic magnification in which a displacement vector from the design position has X and Y components of the same magnitude, and an anisotropic magnification in which a displacement vector from the design position has components with magnitudes different from each other. When bonding substrates to manufacture a stacked substrate, a difference of magnifications of two substrates obtained with the design position of each substrate as a reference is an amount of positional misalignment of the two substrates in the stacked substrate. 
     Further, a change in magnification of the substrate caused due to distortion can be classified into an initial magnification, a flattening magnification, and a bonding process magnification, in accordance with causes of occurrence. The initial magnification is caused due to stress that is generated in a process of forming structures such as an element, wiring and the like on a wafer, anisotropy due to the crystal orientation of a substrate, a difference of stiffness of structures formed on the substrate, and the like, and can be known before substrates are bonded to form a stacked substrate. 
     The flattening magnification is caused due to a change in magnification that is caused due to a change in state of warpage of a substrate having distortion such as the warpage developed therein when the substrate is bonded to another substrate. Also, the flattening magnification is caused due to a change in state of warpage that is developed when the substrate is sucked to a flat holder for bonding. The bonding process magnification is a change in magnification that is generated when a state of a substrate is changed in a process of bonding substrates. Therefore, the bonding process magnification may include at least a part of the flattening magnification. 
     The changes in the flattening magnification and the bonding process magnification are generated after the bonding of the substrates is started, and are fixed at the time when the stacked substrate is formed. The flattening magnification and the bonding process magnification can be calculated from states of the distortion of the substrate including an amount of warpage and a shape of warpage by examining in advance a correlation between a state of a substrate before the bonding, which includes information about deformation such as warpage, and a change in magnification caused when the substrate is flattened or bonded. 
     The linear distortion includes orthogonal distortion. The orthogonal distortion is distortion that causes displacement in parallel to an X-axis direction from a design position by a larger amount as a structure is more distant in a Y-axis direction from an origin, where the X-axis and the Y-axis intersect at right angles at the origin that is the center of the substrate. The amount of displacement is the same in each of a plurality of regions located on a line parallel to the X-axis and crossing the Y-axis, and an absolute value of the amount of displacement becomes larger away from the X-axis. Also, for the orthogonal distortion, a direction of displacement on a positive side of the Y-axis and a direction of displacement on a negative side of the Y-axis are opposite to each other. 
     The three-dimensional distortion of the substrate is displacement in a direction other than a direction along a bonding surface of a substrate, i.e., in a direction intersecting with the bonding surface. The three-dimensional distortion includes a bend that is generated in all or a part of a substrate as the substrate is bent entirely or partially. As used herein, the description “substrate is bent” means that the substrate is changed into a shape in which the surface of the substrate includes a point not present on a plane specified by three points on the substrate. 
     Also, the bend is distortion by which a surface of the substrate has a curved surface, and includes warpage of the substrate, for example. In the present embodiment, the warpage means distortion that remains in the substrate in a state the influence of gravity is excluded. Distortion of the substrate in which the influence of gravity is applied to the warpage is referred to as deflection. The warpage of the substrate includes global warpage in which the entire substrate is curved with a substantially uniform curvature and local warpage in which a local change in curvature occurs in a part of the substrate. 
     The stacking unit  13  includes a bonding device  300  and a thinning device  400 . The bonding device  300  has functions of executing positional alignment of substrates based on alignment marks formed on the substrates, and bonding the aligned substrates to form a stacked substrate. 
     As used herein, “bonding” means permanently integrating two superimposed substrates so as to obtain bonding strength greater than a preset value. Also, “bonding” includes, when substrates to be bonded have electrical connection terminals, electrically connecting the connection terminals of two substrates each other to secure electrical conduction between the substrates. 
     Also, when the bonding is performed by a bonding method of increasing the bonding strength of the substrates to a preset value by annealing and the like or when an electrical connection between the substrates is made by annealing and the like, a state before the annealing and in which the two substrates are temporarily connected, i.e., a temporarily bonded state may also be described as the bonded state, in some cases. In this case, the temporarily bonded substrates may be separated and reused without being damaged. 
     The thinning device  400  thins one surface of the stacked substrate formed by the bonding device  300  or one surface of the substrates to be stacked by the bonding device  300 , by chemical mechanical polishing or the like. Thereby, the wiring, the element and the like that were positioned inside the stacked substrate upon completion of stacking or inside the single substrate can be partly positioned in the vicinity of the surface of the stacked substrate or the substrate or may be exposed on the surface. 
     Thereby, an internal circuit of the stacked substrate can be connected to a lead frame and the like. Also, light can be allowed to be incident on a light-receiving element formed in the substrate. Also, another substrate can be additionally stacked on the stacked substrate formed by stacking the substrates, so that a stacked substrate of three or more substrates can be manufactured. It should be noted that the thinning by the thinning device  400  may not be required, in some cases. 
     The first measuring unit  14  measures positional misalignment between the substrates generated in the stacked substrate formed by the stacking unit  13 . The first measuring unit  14  may measure only the positional misalignment of the stacked substrate but may also be served as a measuring unit that is used for positional alignment by the bonding device  300 . 
     Again referring to  FIG. 1 , the manufacturing device  10  includes the control device  130 . The control device  130  includes a common correction control unit  131 , an individual correction control unit  132 , and a decision unit  133 . 
     The common correction control unit  131  causes at least one of the processing unit  11  and the stacking unit  13  to execute correction by indicating correction conditions, so as to correct the substrates by a correction amount decided by the decision unit  133 , which will be described later. That is, the common correction control unit  131  forms a correction unit that executes a steady correction by a constant correction amount, in cooperation with at least one of the processing unit  11  and the stacking unit  13 , until the decision unit  133  decides a new correction amount. 
     In the correction that is executed under control of the common correction control unit  131 , when processing a plurality of substrates or forming the plurality of stacked substrates, constant correction conditions are repeatedly applied. For this reason, the positional misalignment in the eventually formed stacked substrate is not necessarily reduced below a preset threshold value by the correction under control of the common correction control unit  131  alone. 
     Herein, the correction conditions that are indicated to at least one of the processing unit  11  and the stacking unit  13  by the common correction control unit  131  include information for designating which of the processing unit  11  and the stacking unit  13  is caused to execute the correction, and information about a correction amount of the correction to be executed. The correction conditions include information about a correction amount, and the information about a correction amount includes at least a part of an amount of positional misalignment generated in a stacked substrate already formed. Such as correction amount is decided by the decision unit  133 . 
     In the meantime, the individual correction control unit  132  decides correction conditions for reducing positional misalignment that is generated in the stacked substrate formed by the stacking unit  13 , and indicates the decided correction conditions to at least one of the processing unit  11  and the stacking unit  13 . Thereby, at least one of the processing unit  11  and the stacking unit  13  executes individual correction for each substrate, under control of the individual correction control unit  132 . That is, the individual correction control unit  132  forms a correction unit that reduces individual positional misalignment in each of the stacked substrates to a threshold value or less, in cooperation with at least one of the processing unit  11  and the stacking unit  13 . 
     Also, the correction conditions that are indicated to at least one of the processing unit  11  and the stacking unit  13  by the individual correction control unit  132  is decided each time the substrate is processed or each time the stacked substrate is formed, based on a measurement result obtained from the second measuring unit. The individual correction control unit  132  may correct individual distortion that is generated due to a processing error of the processing unit  11  and an individual difference of the stacking unit  13  and the like, in addition to the individual difference of the substrate. 
     The correction that is executed by the individual correction control unit  132  corresponds to a difference between positional misalignment that is individually generated in a specific set of substrates forming one stacked substrate and correction that is executed by a preset correction amount by the common correction control unit  131 . Also, there is a limit to the correction amount of each type of correction executed by the individual correction control unit  132 . Therefore, when there is room to increase or decrease the amount of the correction that is executed by the common correction control unit  131 , the amount of the correction that is executed by the common correction control unit  131  may be decided such that a correction amount remaining after the correction that is executed by the common correction control unit  131  is within a range in which the substrate can be completely corrected by the individual correction control unit  132 . 
     Also, when it is confirmed that large positional misalignment is generated that cannot be corrected in the correction that is executed by the individual correction control unit  132  will be left after the correction by the common correction control unit  131 , a completely different countermeasure such as changing substrates to be combined for bonding may be considered. Also, the individual correction control unit  132  may be provided with a determination unit  134  that determines whether it is necessary to perform individual correction for distortion in each of the substrates and may determine, in the first place, the necessity of the individual correction for each substrate, in addition to deciding the correction amount for each substrate. 
     Whether it is necessary to perform the correction is determined by the determination unit  134 , based on whether a measurement result acquired from the second measuring unit  12  is less than a preset threshold value. When it is expected that an amount of positional misalignment in the stacked substrate that is formed with the correction by the correction amount that is executed by the common correction control unit  131  will not exceed a preset threshold value, the individual correction that is executed by the individual correction control unit  132  may be omitted. Also, when a measurement result acquired from the second measuring unit  12  is greater than a preset threshold value, the individual correction control unit  132  may decide a correction method and a correction amount by which the amount of positional misalignment generated in the stacked substrate becomes smaller than the threshold value. 
     Herein, a threshold value of positional misalignment for deciding whether it is necessary to perform the correction may be an allowable amount of positional misalignment preset for a stacked substrate as a product, for example. Also, the threshold value may be an amount of positional misalignment within a range in which electrical connection is established between substrates in a formed stacked substrate. This is an amount of misalignment when all connection terminals are in at least partial contact with each other between the substrates, and is also a state in which bonding strength enough to keep the contacts of the connection terminals has been established, for example. 
     Also, for example, the processing unit  11  of the manufacturing device  10  may be provided with the plurality of film depositing devices  100 , the plurality of circuit forming devices  200  and the like, and the substrates may be processed in parallel. Also, the stacking unit  13  of the manufacturing device  10  may be provided with the plurality of bonding devices  300  and the plurality of thinning devices  400 , and the stacking and thinning of the substrates may be processed in parallel. Further, by adjusting the number of devices to be arranged, the processing speed can be made uniform in the entire manufacturing device  10  and the manufacturing efficiency of the stacked substrate can be thus improved. 
     Also, since the film depositing device  100 , the circuit forming device  200 , the bonding device  300 , and the thinning device  400  each operate even independently, all of the film depositing device  100 , the circuit forming device  200 , the bonding device  300 , and the thinning device  400  are not required to be arranged at the same place. For example, the processing unit  11  and the stacking unit  13  may be arranged in separate facilities, and the substrates processed in the processing unit  11  may be conveyed to the stacking unit  13  for manufacturing of a stacked substrate. 
     It should be noted, however, that the control device  130  collectively controls both the processing unit  11  and the stacking unit  13 . For this reason, for example, information detected in the stacking unit  13  may be used to control the processing unit  11 . Therefore, the control device  130  can preferably communicate with both the processing unit  11  and the stacking unit  13 . The communication between the control device  130  and another device may be performed using a public line or dedicated line. Also, information that should be transmitted may be written on the substrate when the substrate is processed in the processing unit  11 , and the information read out from the substrate in the stacking unit  13  may be transmitted to the control device  130 . 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic flowchart of manufacturing sequence of the stacked substrate by the manufacturing device  10 . In the manufacturing device  10 , first, the processing unit  11  processes a plurality of substrates (step S 11 ). The number of processed substrates to be manufactured is large enough to produce a plurality of stacked substrates to be processed by bonding at least two substrates. 
     Then, under control of the individual correction control unit  132 , the substrates are individually corrected before carried into the stacking unit  13  (step S 12 ). The correction that is executed in this step is decided for each substrate by the individual correction control unit  132 , with reference to a measurement result of the second measuring unit  12 . 
     Then, the stacking unit  13  bonds the substrates with the bonding device  300 , thereby forming a stacked substrate (step S 13 ). Also, before the stacked substrate is carried out from the manufacturing device  10 , the first measuring unit  14  measures an amount of positional misalignment between the substrates in the formed stacked substrate (step S 14 ). 
     The operations from step S 1  to step S 14  are repeated until the plurality of stacked substrates, for example, about two to ten stacked substrates, are formed (step S 15 : NO), so that the first measuring unit  14  can measure the amounts of positional misalignment generated for the plurality of stacked substrates formed in the stacking unit  13 . In this way, when the amount of positional misalignment is measured for the preset number of stacked substrates (step S 15 : YES), the decision unit  133  refers to the result of measurement by the first measuring unit  14  to calculate and decide a correction amount of correction that is to be executed in at least one of the processing unit  11  and the stacking unit  13  by the common correction control unit  131  so as to reduce the amounts of positional misalignment in the stacked substrates (step S 16 ). 
     In the present embodiment, an example where the substrates are corrected in both the processing of the substrates in the processing unit  11  and the bonding of the substrates in the stacking unit  13  is described. In this case, the decision unit  133  decides correction to be assigned to the processing unit  11  and correction to be assigned to the stacking unit  13  of the common correction decided in step S 16 , and outputs the same to the processing unit  11  and the stacking unit  13 . The correction that is to be executed in the processing unit  11  and the correction that is to be executed in the stacking unit  13  are assigned based on preset assignment conditions, based on a type of the correction, for example, whether to correct the linear distortion or non-linear distortion and an amount of the correction. The assignment conditions are set in advance based on a test or a simulation, and are stored in a memory of the decision unit  133 . 
     Herein, the correction amount of the correction that the common correction control unit  131  is caused to perform by the decision unit  133  is a correction amount that is commonly applied to the formation of the plurality of stacked substrates when manufacturing the stacked substrates after this point of time. Therefore, first, the substrate processing by the processing unit  11  to which the correction to be executed by the common correction control unit  131  is also added is started (step S 17 ). 
     Then, correction conditions to be used in stacking by the stacking unit  13  and to which the correction to be executed by the common correction control unit  131  is also added are set (step S 18 ), and the substrates which have been corrected based on the correction conditions are stacked (step S 21 ). The operations from step S 17  to step S 21  will be described in detail later. 
     The correction that is commonly executed for the plurality of substrates by the common correction control unit  131  may include correction of positional misalignment that is generated while the substrates are bonded in the stacking unit  13 , thus positional misalignment that is not generated yet in this step. Also, the correction that is commonly executed for the plurality of substrates by the common correction control unit  131  may include correction of positional misalignment that is generated when thinning one substrate of the stacked substrate, thus positional misalignment that is not generated yet in the step of the bonding. 
     However, when correction including a correction amount corresponding to the positional misalignment that is not generated yet is executed by the common correction control unit  131 , the individual correction control unit  132  that decides a correction amount immediately before the stacking unit  13  may execute correction which cancels the correction that is executed by the common correction control unit  131 . Therefore, when it is decided to correct the positional misalignment to be generated during the bonding before the substrate is carried into the stacking unit  13 , the decision unit  133  preferably notifies the individual correction control unit  132  of the correction amount decided for the common correction control unit  131 , so as to exclude the correction amount from the target correction to be executed by the individual correction control unit  132 . 
     Also, since the positional misalignment in the stacked substrate is a difference of relative positions between the substrates, one of two substrates to be bonded may be corrected. However, when the correction amount is large, for example, both two substrates to be bonded may be corrected. Also, before the decision unit  133  decides the correction amount of the correction that is executed by the common correction control unit  131 , an initial value decided based on a test, an analysis and the like may be set in the common correction control unit  131 . 
     As described above, the decision unit  133  of the manufacturing device  10  assigns, to the common correction control unit  131 , control of the correction that is executed, by the common correction amount, when the plurality of stacked substrates is manufactured. Therefore, the correction that is assigned to the common correction control unit  131  is preferably correction of distortion that is a cause of positional misalignment that is stably or steadily generated for every stacked substrate. In other words, the correction that is executed by the common correction control unit  131  is preferably correction of distortion that includes at least a part of the positional misalignment generated in the plurality of stacked substrates and that has high reproducibility when manufacturing the plurality of stacked substrates. 
     Subsequently, operations of the respective units of the manufacturing device  10  are individually described.  FIG. 3  is a flowchart showing an operation sequence of the processing unit  11  and is also an example of step S 17  shown in  FIG. 2 . For the processing unit  11 , first, correction conditions are set so as to execute correction to be executed while the substrate is processed. The correction conditions that are set include a correction method to be executed in the processing unit and a correction amount to be used when the correction method is executed (step S 101 ). The correction conditions that are herein set may be acquired from either of the common correction control unit  131  and the individual correction control unit  132  of the control device  130 . In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the correction conditions are acquired from the common correction control unit  131 . 
     Then, a wafer that is a material of the substrate is loaded to the processing unit  11  having the correction conditions set therein (step S 102 ). The wafer that is loaded may be a bare wafer that is not processed yet or a substrate having structures formed thereon and in the process of formation. Then, the processing unit  11  forms structures such as elements, wiring and the like on the wafer through film deposition by the film depositing device  100  and patterning using the circuit forming device  200  while executing the correction set by the control device  130 , thereby processing the substrate (step S 103 ). 
     Then, the control device  130  checks whether to additionally form, on the substrate having the elements or wiring formed thereon, any other elements or wiring (step S 104 ). When there remains a pattern to be formed (step S 104 : NO), the processing unit  11  repeats the film deposition by the film depositing device  100  and the patterning using the circuit forming device  200  and the like, thereby forming elements or wiring on the substrate. 
     When there remains no pattern that is to be formed on the substrate (step S 104 : YES), the control device  130  ends the substrate processing by the processing unit  11 , and checks whether there still remains a wafer that, for example, belongs to the same lot and to be formed thereon a circuit next (step S 105 ). Herein, when there remains a wafer on which a circuit is to be formed (step S 105 : NO), the control device  130  loads the wafer to the processing unit  11  (step S 102 ), and repeats the operations from step S 103  to step S 105 . 
     When it is determined in step S 105  that there remains no wafer on which a circuit is to be formed (step S 105 : YES), the control device  130  ends the substrate processing by the processing unit  11 . In this way, in the processing unit  11 , a plurality of substrates is processed with the correction conditions set in step S 101 . 
       FIG. 4  is a schematic view showing an example of the film depositing device  100  of the processing unit  11 . The film depositing device  100  includes a chamber  110  and high-frequency electrodes  122  and  124  arranged in the chamber  110 . 
     The chamber  110  has a supply hole  112  through which a raw material gas flows into, and an exhaust hole  114  from which the raw material gas is discharged. The high-frequency electrode  124 , which is arranged on an upper side of  FIG. 4 , of the pair of high-frequency electrodes  122  and  124  also serves as a substrate holder. Therefore, the film depositing device  100  forms a plasma CVD device that, while supplying the raw material gas into the chamber  110 , supplies high-frequency power to the high-frequency electrodes  122  and  124 , to expose a substrate  510  to plasma of the raw material gas, thereby allowing a composition originating from the raw material gas to be deposited on a surface of the substrate  510 . 
     Herein, the distortion that is generated in the substrate  510  changes with the change of a flow rate of the raw material gas that is supplied to the film depositing device  100 , a power amount of the high-frequency power that is applied to the high-frequency electrodes  122  and  124 , a temperature of the substrate, and the like. Therefore, it is possible to correct the substrate in a film deposition step in the processing unit  11  by appropriately setting film deposition conditions for the film depositing device  100 . 
       FIG. 5  is a schematic view showing an example of the circuit forming device  200  of the processing unit  11 . The circuit forming device  200  includes a light source  210 , a reticle  220 , a reduction optics  230 , and a moving stage  240 . In the circuit forming device  200 , the substrate  510  is mounted on the moving stage  240 . 
     In the circuit forming device  200 , irradiation light emitted from the light source  210  is applied to the substrate  510  on the moving stage  240  through the reticle  220  and the reduction optics. The reticle  220  has a light-shielding film or transmission holes of a pattern to be formed on the substrate, and changes the light emitted from the light source  210  into a light beam shaped into the pattern. 
     The reduction optics  230  converges the light beam and irradiates a part of the substrate  510  with the same. Thereby, a resist applied on the substrate  510  is exposed to the light, so that a resist mask having a shape corresponding to the pattern of the reticle  220  is formed on the surface of the substrate  510 . Further, the movement of the moving stage  240  and the exposure are repeated, so that a large number of patterns of the reticle  220  can be transferred to the entire surface of the substrate  510 . It should be noted that the sacrificial layer such as a resist mask may be formed earlier or later than a functional layer in accordance with characteristics of the structures to be formed on the substrate. 
     By using the resist mask formed in this way, it is possible to form a functional layer on the surface of the substrate  510  with techniques such as lift-off, etching and the like. In addition, the film deposition and the patterning are repeated, so that a circuit region in which an element and wiring coexist is formed on the substrate  510 . Herein, a magnification of the circuit region that is formed on the substrate  510  can be adjusted by changing a reduction rate of the reduction optics  230 . 
     Also, a position on the substrate  510  at which the circuit region is formed can be changed by changing an amount of movement of the moving stage  240 . Further, the pattern that is formed on the substrate  510  can be changed by tilting or modifying the reticle  220 , for example. In this way, also in the circuit forming device  200 , it is possible to change the correction conditions in the processing unit  11 . 
     In the meantime, in the correction in the circuit forming device  200 , it may be difficult to finely change the correction conditions for each wafer. Therefore, the correction amount in the circuit forming device  200  may be suitable for correction that is indicated to the common correction control unit  131  by the decision unit  133  and is commonly performed for the plurality of substrates, in many cases. 
     In the meantime, in the patterning process in the processing unit  11 , a dry etching device and the like can also be used, in addition to the circuit forming device  200  including an electron beam lithography device. Also, the processing unit  11  may be further provided with a coater that applies a resist material and the like, an ashing device that removes the resist material, and the like. 
       FIG. 6  is a flowchart showing a stacking sequence of substrates in the stacking unit  13  of the manufacturing device  10 , and is an example of the stacking sequence including step S 18  and step S 21  in  FIG. 2 . In the stacking unit  13 , first, the substrate processed in the processing unit  11  is loaded (step S 201 ). Herein, the control device  130  checks whether the loaded substrate is a second substrate (step S 202 ). When the loaded substrate is not a second substrate (step S 202 : NO), the control returns to step S 201  and one substrate is additionally loaded. 
     When it is checked in step S 202  that the loaded substrate is a second substrate (step S 202 : YES), the control device  130  executes common correction for at least one substrate when stacking the two loaded substrates (step S 203 ). The correction conditions that are set in step S 203  are the common correction in the stacking unit  13  decided in step S 16  of  FIG. 2 , and may include the information about both the correction method and the correction amount of the substrate. 
     Also, the individual correction control unit  132  determines for each of the substrates processed by the processing unit  11  whether it is necessary to perform individual correction for the substrate with reference to the measurement result of the second measuring unit  12  (step S 207 ). Herein, when the distortion generated in each of the substrates is less than the preset threshold value (step S 207 : NO), the individual correction under control of the individual correction control unit  132  is omitted, and the process proceeds to step S 204 . 
     When it is determined in step S 207  that it is necessary to perform individual correction for the substrate (step S 207 : YES), the individual correction control unit  132  individually corrects the substrates (step S 208 ), and proceeds to step S 204 . 
     The correction method of the correction conditions that are set includes information about a change method of the pattern that is formed on the substrate, for example, a method of performing reduction and enlargement of the magnification, width reduction or width enlargement in a specific direction, and skew and the like. Also, the correction amount of the correction conditions includes values indicative of degrees of the magnification, the amount of deformation and the like. 
     In the meantime, the correction conditions that are herein set are decided by measuring positions of the alignment marks on the substrates in the stacking unit  13 , for example. Therefore, the correction conditions that are set for the stacking unit  13  include correction conditions for correcting distortion inherent to each of the substrates. Also, the correction conditions that are set for the stacking unit  13  may include correction conditions acquired from an outside through the control device  130 . 
     Then, the control device  130  executes positional alignment and bonding of the substrates to form a stacked substrate, under the set correction conditions (step S 204 ). Also, the control device  130  measures positional misalignment between the substrates of the formed stacked substrate (step S 205 ). The information about the positional misalignment obtained by the measurement is referred to by the processing unit  11  through the control device  130 , and is used for setting of the correction conditions in the processing unit  11  (step S 101 ). 
     The stacked substrate formed in this way is carried out from the stacking unit  13 , and the control device  130  checks whether there remains a substrate that belongs to the same lot and is not stacked yet, for example (step S 206 ). When there remains a substrate that is not stacked yet (step S 206 : NO), the control device  130  repeats sequences from step S 201  to step S 206 . When it is checked in step S 206  that there remains no substrate that is not stacked yet (step S 206 : YES), the control device  130  ends the control on the stacking unit  13 . 
     By the above sequences, the correction amount of the correction that is executed by the individual correction control unit  132  is reduced by the correction amount of the correction that has been executed by the common correction control unit  131 . In the meantime, the common correction in step S 203  and the individual correction in step S 208  may be executed at the same time. 
       FIG. 7  is a schematic view of the substrates  510  and  520  processed in the processing unit  11 . Each of the substrates  510  and  520  has a notch  514 ;  524 , a plurality of circuit regions  516 ;  526 , and a plurality of alignment marks  518 ;  528 . 
     The circuit regions  516 ;  526  are periodically arranged in a plane direction of the substrate  510 ;  520  on the surface of the substrate  510 ;  520 . In each of the circuit regions  516  and  526 , a structure such as wiring, an element, a protection film and the like is provided. Also, in the circuit regions  516  and  526 , connection parts such as a pad, a bump and the like that become an electrical connection terminal when stacking one substrate  510  on the other substrate  520  are arranged. The connection parts are also structures formed on the surface of the substrate  510 ;  520 . 
     The alignment marks  518 ;  528  are also an example of the structures formed on the surface of the substrate  510 ;  520 , and are arranged in preset relative positions with respect to the connection parts in the circuit regions  516 ;  526 . Thereby, the positions of the circuit regions  516  and  526  can be aligned with each other by using the alignment marks  518  and  528  as an index. 
     On the substrate  510 ;  520 , scribe lines  512 ;  522  exist between the plurality of circuit regions  516 ;  526 . The scribe lines  512  and  522  are not structures, and are imaginary cutting lines that are used when dicing the stacked substrate into stacked semiconductor devices. Also, the scribe lines  512  and  522  are cutting margins for the dicing, and are regions that are to disappear from the stacked substrate. Therefore, the alignment marks  518  and  528  that are used when stacking the substrates  510  and  520  and are not necessary after completing the stacked semiconductor devices may also be arranged on the scribe lines  512  and  522 . 
     A stacked substrate formed by stacking the substrates  510  and  520  and another substrate is individually separated into stacked semiconductor devices by cutting the same along the scribe lines. A stacked substrate may be formed by additionally stacking a stacked substrate already formed by stacking the substrates  510  and  520  on another substrate. 
       FIG. 8  is a schematic sectional view of a substrate holder  530  that holds the substrate  510  and is conveyed together with the substrate  510  when handling the substrate  510  in the stacking unit  13 . The substrate holder  530  has a thickness and a diameter greater than the substrate  510 , and has a flat suction surface  532 . The suction surface  532  sucks the substrate  510 , integrates the substrate  510  and the substrate holder  530 , and holds the substrate  510  in a flat state by an electrostatic chuck, a vacuum chuck or the like. 
       FIG. 9  is a schematic sectional view of a substrate holder  540  that holds the substrate  520  and is conveyed together with the substrate  520  when handling the substrate  520  in the stacking unit  13 . The substrate holder  540  has a thickness and a diameter greater than the substrate  520 . A suction surface  542  sucks the substrate  520 , and integrates the substrate  520  and the substrate holder  540  by an electrostatic chuck, a vacuum chuck or the like. 
     Also, the suction surface  542  of the substrate holder  540  that sucks the substrate  520  has a convex shape of which a center is convex. The substrate  520  held on the substrate holder  540  is also in a state in which it protrudes at a center. For this reason, in  FIG. 9 , on an upper side of a broken line A, the surface of the substrate  520  is expanded and the magnification increases. Also, in  FIG. 9 , on a lower side of the broken line A, the surface of the substrate  520  is reduced, and the magnification is relatively reduced. 
     Therefore, when bonding the substrate  520  to another substrate, the increase in magnification of the bonding surface due to the substrate holder  540  may become a target of correction. Also, the increase in magnification of the bonding surface due to the substrate holder  540  may be used as a correction method of the substrate  520 . In this case, a plurality of substrate holders  540  of which curvatures of the suction surfaces  542  are different may be prepared, and may be used when individually adjusting the magnification of the bonding surface of the substrate  520 . Also, the substrate holder  540  having a constant curvature may be used as a device that executes the common correction under control of the common correction control unit  131 . 
     Also, in the above example, the suction surface  542  of the substrate holder  540  has a convex shape of which a center is convex. However, a substrate holder  540  of which a central part is recessed with respect to a peripheral edge part of the suction surface  542  may be prepared to hold the substrate  520 , thereby reducing the magnification of the surface of the substrate  520 . 
       FIG. 10  is a schematic view of the bonding device  300 . The bonding device  300  includes a frame body  310 , an upper stage  322  and a lower stage  332 . 
     The frame body  310  has a bottom plate  312  and a top plate  316  each of which is horizontal. The top plate  316  of the frame body  310  supports the upper stage  322  that is fixed downwardly. The upper stage  322  has a vacuum chuck, an electrostatic chuck and the like, and sucks and holds the substrate holder  530  carried in with the substrate  510  being held thereon. 
     Also, a microscope  324  and an activation device  326  are fixed to the top plate  316  at a side of the upper stage  322 . The microscope  324  observes an upper surface of the substrate  520  mounted on the lower stage  332 . The activation device  326  generates plasma to activate an upper surface of the substrate  520  held on the lower stage  332 . 
     On the bottom plate  312 , an X-direction drive unit  331 , a Y-direction drive unit  333 , an elevation drive unit  338 , and a rotation drive unit  339  sequentially stacked are arranged. The X-direction drive unit  331  moves in parallel to the bottom plate  312 , as shown with an arrow X in  FIG. 10 . 
     The Y-direction drive unit  333  moves in a direction parallel to the bottom plate  312  and different from the X-direction drive unit  331  on the X-direction drive unit  331 , as shown with an arrow Y in  FIG. 10 . The operations of the X-direction drive unit  331  and the Y-direction drive unit  333  are combined, so that the lower stage  332  moves two-dimensionally in parallel to the bottom plate  312 . 
     The elevation drive unit  338  displaces the rotation drive unit  339  perpendicularly to the bottom plate  312 , as shown with an arrow Z in  FIG. 10 . Also, the rotation drive unit  339  rotates the lower stage  332  around an axis perpendicular to the bottom plate  312 . An amount of movement of the lower stage  332  by the respective operations of the X-direction drive unit  331 , the Y-direction drive unit  333 , the elevation drive unit  338 , and the rotation drive unit  339  are measured with high accuracy by using am interferometer or the like (not shown). 
     The Y-direction drive unit  333  supports a microscope  334  and ab activation device  336  positioned at a side of the lower stage  332 , together with the elevation drive unit  338 , the rotation drive unit  339 , and the lower stage  332 . The microscope  334  and the activation device  336  moves together with the lower stage  332  in a direction parallel to the bottom plate  312 , in accordance with the operations of the X-direction drive unit  331  and the Y-direction drive unit  333 . In the meantime, a swing drive unit that swings the lower stage  332  around an axis of rotation parallel to the bottom plate  312  may be further provided between the lower stage  332  and the rotation drive unit  339 . 
     Thereby, the microscope  334  observes a lower surface of the substrate  510  held on the upper stage  322 . The activation device  336  generates plasma to activate the lower surface of the substrate  510  held on the upper stage  322 . 
     In the meantime, in the state shown in  FIG. 10 , the substrate holder  530  having the flat suction surface  532  holding the substrate  510  is held on the upper stage  322 . Also, the substrate holder  540  having the convex suction surface  542  holding the substrate  520  is held on the lower stage  332 . Also, the microscopes  324  and  334  are focused on each other, so that the control device  130  corrects relative positions of the microscopes  324  and  334 . 
       FIG. 11  is a flowchart showing a sequence of stacking operations in the bonding device  300 . The control device  130  first detects positions of the plurality of alignment marks  518 ,  528  of each of a pair of the substrates  510  and  520  carried into the bonding device  300  by using the microscopes  324  and  334  (step S 301 ). 
       FIG. 12  is a schematic sectional view depicting a state of the bonding device  300  in step S 301 . As shown, the control device  130  operates the X-direction drive unit  331  and the Y-direction drive unit  333 , thereby moving the lower stage  332  and the microscope  334 . 
     Thereby, the microscope  324  is in a state in which it can observe the alignment marks  528  on the substrate  520 . Based on an amount of movement of the lower stage  332  until the alignment marks  528  to be observed reach preset positions in a field of view of the microscope  324 , the control device  130  can accurately detect positions of the alignment marks  528 . Likewise, the alignment marks  518  of the substrate  510  held on the upper stage  322  are observed by the microscope  334 , so that the control device  130  can accurately detect positions of the alignment marks  518  on the substrate  510 . 
     In the meantime, the microscopes  324  and  334  as described above can observe the alignment marks  518  and  528  through the substrates  510  and  520  even after the substrates  510  and  520  are stacked to form a stacked substrate. Therefore, the microscopes  324  and  334  may be used as the first measuring unit  14  of the manufacturing device  10 . In this case, after stacking the substrates  510  and  520  by the bonding device  300 , the positional misalignment in the stacked substrate can be measured in the bonding device  300 , as it is. 
     Then, the control device  130  calculates relative positions of the substrates  510  and  520 , based on the positions of the alignment marks  518  and  528  detected in step S 301  (step S 302 ). That is, the positions of the alignment marks  518  and  528  of the substrates  510  and  520  are detected by the microscopes  324  and  334  of which original relative positions are already known, so that the control device  130  calculates the relative positions of the substrates  510  and  520 . 
     Thereby, when the positional alignment of the substrates  510  and  520  are executed, an amount of relative movement of the substrates  510  and  520  may be calculated so that the positional misalignment between the corresponding alignment marks  518  and  528  on the substrates  510  and  520  is equal to or less than a threshold value or the positional misalignment between the corresponding circuit regions  516  and  528  or connection parts on the substrates  510  and  520  is equal to or less than the threshold value. 
     Then, the control device  130  causes the activation devices  326  and  336  to scan the surfaces of the substrates  510  and  520  (step S 303 ).  FIG. 13  is a schematic sectional view depicting a state of the bonding device  300  in step S 303 . As shown, while operating the activation devices  326  and  336  to generate the plasma, the control device  130  moves the lower stage  332  and exposes the respective surfaces of the substrates  510  and  520  to the plasma. Thereby, the bonding surfaces of the substrates  510  and  520  are highly cleaned, and chemical activities thereof are increased. 
     The bonding surfaces may also be activated by activating the surfaces of the substrates  510  and  520  by sputter etching using inert gases, an ion beam, a high-speed atomic beam or the like, in addition to the exposing method to the plasma. When using the ion beam or high-speed atomic beam, the bonding device  300  is entirely subjected to a reduced pressure environment. Also, the substrates  510  and  520  may be activated by ultraviolet irradiation, ozone asher or the like. Also, for example, the substrates  510  and  520  may be activated by chemically cleaning the surfaces of the substrates  510  and  520  with a liquid or gaseous etchant. After activating the surfaces of the substrates  510  and  520 , the surfaces of the substrates  510  and  520  may be hydrophilized by a hydrophilizing device. 
     In the meantime, in the present embodiment, the activation devices  326  and  336  are provided in the bonding device  300  but may be arranged at different places from the bonding device  300  and the activated substrates  510  and  520  may be carried into the bonding device  300 . Also, when the bonding surface of one of the substrates  510  and  520  is activated, the substrates  510  and  520  may be bonded even though the other is not activated. 
     Then, the control device  130  executes the positional alignment of the substrates  510  and  520  (step S 304 ).  FIG. 14  is a schematic sectional view depicting a state of the bonding device  300  in step S 304 . As shown, the positional alignment of the substrates  510  and  520  are executed by moving the lower stage  332  in an amount of movement based on the relative positions of the substrates  510  and  520  detected in step S 301  and setting the amount of positional misalignment between the alignment marks  518  and  528  on the substrates  510  and  520  to the threshold value or less. In the meantime, a positional misalignment component that could not be eliminated by the movement (X-Y) and rotation (θ) of the lower stage  332  in this step becomes a correction target. 
     When the positions of the substrates  510  and  520  are aligned with each other, the control device  130  brings the substrates  510  and  520  into partial contact with each other to form a starting point of the bonding (step S 305 ).  FIG. 15  is a schematic sectional view depicting a state of the bonding device  300  in step S 305 . As shown, the control device  130  operates the elevation drive unit  338  to bring the substrates  510  and  520  into partial contact with each other, so that a starting point of the bonding is formed. 
       FIG. 16  schematically shows formation of a starting point C on the substrates  510  and  520  to be bonded. As described above with reference to  FIG. 9 , when the substrate  520  of which a center protrudes due to the shape of the substrate holder  540  is brought close to and into contact with the flat substrate  510  held on the flat substrate holder  530 , the substrates  510  and  520  first come into contact with each other at a part near the center, so that the starting point C is formed. 
     Thereafter, when the suction of the substrate  510  by one of the substrate holders  530  and  540 , for example, the substrate holder  530  is released, a region in which the substrates  510  and  520  are contacted to each other expands from the part of the center wherein the substrates first come into contact with each other toward an outer periphery and the substrates  510  and  520  eventually come into contact with each other as a whole. In this way, the substrates  510  and  520  are first brought into partial contact with each other and the contact region is then expanded toward the outer periphery, so that air bubbles and the like are prevented from being left between the substrates  510  and  520  while stacking the substrates  510  and  520 . 
     As described above, since the surfaces of the substrates  510  and  520  are activated, the substrates  510  and  520  are bonded in the contact region by an intermolecular force. In this way, the starting point of the bonding is formed at the parts of the substrates  510  and  520 . 
     Subsequently, the control device  130  releases the holding state of one of the substrates  510  and  520 , for example, the substrate  510  held on the upper stage  322  by the substrate holder  530  (step S 306 ). Thereby, a bonding wave that the bonding region of the substrates  510  and  520  sequentially expands toward edges of the substrates  510  and  520  occurs, so that the substrates  510  and  520  are eventually bonded as a whole. 
     The control device  130  releases the holding state of the substrate  510  in step S 306 , and then monitors the expanding of the bonding region. Thereby, for example, when the bonding region being expanded reaches the edges of the substrates  510  and  520 , the control device detects that the bonding between the substrates  510  and  520  is completed (step S 307 : YES). In other words, the control device  130  fixes the lower stage  332  and continues to expand the bonding region until the bonding between the substrates  510  and  520  is completed (step S 307 : NO). 
     In the meantime, while the contact region of the substrates  510  and  520  is expanded, as described above, the control device  130  may partially or stepwise release the holding state of the substrate  510  by the substrate holder  530 . Also, the control device may progress the bonding between the substrates  510  and  520  by releasing the substrate  520  on the lower stage  332  without releasing the substrate  510  on the upper stage  322 . 
     Also, both the two substrates  510  and  520  may be released. Also, while holding the substrates  510  and  520  on both the upper stage  322  and the lower stage  332 , the upper stage  322  and the lower stage  332  may be brought closer to each other to bond the substrates  510  and  520 . 
     In the process of bonding the substrates  510  and  520  accompanied by the generation of the bonding wave, new positional misalignment may be caused. The generation process of the positional misalignment is described with reference to  FIGS. 17 to 20 . 
       FIG. 17  is an enlarged view of a region Q in the vicinity of a boundary K between a contact region in which the substrates  510  and  520  have already contacted and a non-contact region in which the substrates  510  and  520  have not contacted yet and will come into contact with each other from now in the bonding process in the bonding device  300 . As shown, while the contact region of the two superimposed substrates  510  and  520  is expanded from the center toward the outer peripheries, the boundary K moves from the center side of the substrates  510  and  520  toward the outer peripheries. In the vicinity of the boundary K, the extension is caused in the substrate  510  released from the holding state by the substrate holder  530 . Specifically, at the boundary K, the substrate  510  is extended on a lower surface side of the substrate  510  in  FIG. 17  with respect to a central plane of the substrate  510  in a thickness direction, and the substrate  510  is contracted on an upper surface side of  FIG. 17 . 
     Thereby, as shown with the dotted line in  FIG. 17 , an outer end of the region of the substrate  510  bonded to the substrate  520  is distorted as if the magnification for the design specification of the circuit region  516  on the substrate  510  is enlarged with respect to the substrate  520 . For this reason, as shown with the misalignment of the dotted line in  FIG. 17 , positional misalignment due to a difference in an amount of extension of the substrate  510 , i.e., a difference in the magnification is caused between the lower substrate  520  held on the substrate holder  540  and the upper substrate  510  released from the substrate holder  530 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 18 , if the substrates  510  and  520  are contacted and bonded in a state in which the amounts of deformation are different, the enlarged magnification of the substrate  510  is fixed. Also, as shown in  FIG. 19 , the amount of extension of the substrate  510  that is fixed by the bonding cumulatively increases as the boundary K moves toward the outer peripheries of the substrates  510  and  520 . 
       FIG. 20  shows a distribution of positional misalignment components due to the magnification difference between the two substrates  510  and  520  configuring a stacked substrate  550 . The shown misalignment has an amount of misalignment that gradually increases radially from a central point of the stacked substrate  550  in a plane direction. Therefore, on the whole of the substrates  510  and  520 , the magnification becomes different, which is actualized. 
     A magnitude of the positional misalignment that is caused during the bonding can be predicted based on physical quantities such as stiffness of the substrates  510  and  520  to be bonded, viscosity of the atmosphere between the substrates  510  and  520 , and the like. Also, the positional misalignment that is generated due to the above cause steadily appears in the bonding of the plurality of stacked substrates  550  if the specifications of the substrates  510  and  520  to be bonded, the bonding conditions by the bonding device  300  and the like are constant. Therefore, when bonding the plurality of stacked substrates  550 , it is possible to effectively correct all the stacked substrates  550  with the common correction conditions that are indicated by the common correction control unit  131 . 
     Also, for example, even when there is a difference in magnification between the substrates  510  and  520  due to an error of an optical system in the patterning using the circuit forming device  200 , the positional misalignment components as shown in  FIG. 20  are generated. In other words, when the positional misalignment due to the difference in magnification in the stacked substrate  550  is steadily observed by the first measuring unit  14 , the circuit forming device  200  optically changes a magnification of a pattern that is formed by the exposure device, for example, under control by the correction conditions indicated from the common correction control unit  131 . Thereby, it is possible to correct the plurality of stacked substrates  550  by a common correction amount. 
     Also, in the exposure device, the exposure may be repeated in multiple times so as to form one layer. In this case, by adjusting an interval between shots for exposure on the wafer or an interval between chips, the structures can be arranged so as to cancel the initial magnification and the distortion of the substrate that is generated during the bonding. Also, the exposure condition is set so that, when the positions of the structures are displaced due to the distortion that is generated in the substrate  510 , which is released from the holding state by the substrate holder upon the bonding, during the bonding, the structures are formed in positions, which correspond to positions of the displaced structures on the substrate  510 , of the substrate  520  that is not released from the holding state by the substrate holder upon the bonding. Thereby, the amount of positional misalignment due to the difference in distortion between the wafers can be reduced below a predetermined threshold value. When the exposure device is used as the circuit forming device  200 , the magnification component, the orthogonal component and the non-linear component of the distortion can be individually corrected. Like this, the correction by the exposure device includes adjusting an exposure position to at least one substrate so that the amount of positional misalignment caused when the two substrates  510  and  520  are bonded is equal to or smaller than the threshold value. 
     In the meantime, the amount of deformation of the substrate  510  that is a cause of the positional misalignment described with reference to  FIGS. 17 to 20  depends on the stiffness of the substrate  510 . For this reason, when a stiffness distribution is generated in the substrate  510  due to crystal anisotropy of the wafer, and the like, the crystal anisotropy is also reflected in the change in magnification shown in  FIG. 20 . For this reason, the correction cannot be performed by the simple magnification correction. Also, when bonding a substrate for which a wafer having crystal anisotropy is used, it may be necessary to perform positional alignment upon the bonding even for a bare wafer having no structure, so as to reduce an influence of the stiffness distribution. 
     Also, as described above with reference to  FIGS. 17 to 20 , one of the substrates  510  and  520  to be bonded, i.e., the upper substrate  510  in the above example is released from the holding state by the substrate holder  530  during the bonding. Therefore, when correcting the magnification of the substrate  520  by the shape of the suction surface  542  of the substrate holder  540 , the correction is executed for the substrate that is not released from the holding state. 
     In the above-described series of processes of manufacturing the stacked substrate  550 , the positional misalignment that is generated in the stacked substrate  550  includes a component due to the initial distortion of each of the substrates  510  and  520  and a component due to the distortion that is generated during the bonding. Here, the initial distortions that are generated in the individual substrates  510  and  520  can be individually detected using the microscopes  324  and  334  in the bonding device  300 . Therefore, it is possible to calculate the distortion components that are generated during the bonding by excluding the initial distortions of the respective substrates  510  and  520  from the positional misalignment measured from the stacked substrate  550  by the first measuring unit  14 . 
     For each of the distortion components calculated in this way, the decision unit  133  assigns the distortion that commonly appears in the plurality of substrates to the common correction control unit  131 , so that it is possible to reduce a load of the correction that is executed under control of the individual correction control unit  132 . The correction that is executed by the individual correction control unit  132  is executed in the stacking unit  13 , for example. Therefore, the load of the individual correction control unit  132  is reduced, so that the processing in the stacking unit  13  can be speeded up. 
     Therefore, the decision unit  133  may calculate a distortion variation between the individual substrates  510  and  520 , as 3σ (σ: standard deviation), for each of the distortion component that is generated during the bonding and the initial distortion component of each of the substrates  510  and  520 , for example. Thereby, since it is possible to evaluate a degree of reproducibility of the distortion, the decision unit  133  can decide an item that is assigned to the common correction control unit  131  and is commonly corrected in manufacturing the plurality of stacked substrates  550  by using the preset threshold value. 
     For example, the positional misalignment component due to the difference in magnification of the substrate includes a component that commonly appears in the substrates  510  and  520  of the same lot processed in the same processing unit  11  or in the stacked substrate  550  of the same lot stacked using the same stacking unit  13 , in many cases. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently correct the common component of the distortion that is actualized as the positional misalignment, under control of the common correction control unit  131 . 
     That is, the correction that is commonly executed for the plurality of substrates by the common correction control unit  131  is executed by the correction amount that is decided by the decision unit  133  based on the positional misalignment measured for some of the stacked substrates  550  manufactured at the early stage among the plurality of stacked substrates  550  to be manufactured. Therefore, in the common correction that is executed by the common correction control unit  131 , the measurement for the individual substrates  510  and  520  or the stacked substrate  550  can be omitted, so that it is possible to reduce the man-hour relating to the execution of the correction. Also, since the individual correction control unit  132  only needs to correct a difference between the correction that is executed by the common correction control unit  131  and the individual distortion of the substrates  510  and  520 , it is possible to reduce the load relating to the correction that is executed by the individual correction control unit  132 . 
     In the meantime, the decision of the correction amount that is provided to the common correction control unit  131  by the decision unit  133  is not limited to one time. Even after the decision unit  133  once decides the correction amount, the common correction control unit  131  may continue the measurement and the decision unit  133  may periodically update the correction amount. Thereby, it is possible to further improve the efficiency of the correction that is executed by the common correction control unit  131 . Also, the correction conditions that are indicated by the common correction control unit  131  and the effects thereof are accumulated in the control device  130 , so that it is possible to improve the accuracy of the correction to be performed by the common correction control unit  131  as the operation of the manufacturing device  10  increases. 
     Also, the positional misalignment that is generated in the stacked substrate  550  is not limited to one caused due to the difference in magnification, and includes positional misalignment components due to many causes such as quality, crystal anisotropy and initial distortion of wafers becoming the substrates  510  and  520 , heat hysteresis and pressure hysteresis when processing the substrates  510  and  520 , shapes of the substrate holders  530  and  540  that are used in the stacking unit  13 , and habits of the bonding device  300  and the thinning device  400  in the stacking unit  13 . 
     Therefore, the decision unit  133  may decide a device that executes correction by an indication of the common correction control unit  131  and a correction amount with reference to not only the measuring unit of the first measuring unit  14  but also manufacturing conditions in the processing unit  11 , bonding conditions in the stacking unit  13 , and the like. Also, the decision unit  133  may acquire information about distortions of the substrates  510  and  520  from an external database and the like, and decide the correction amount, considering the information. 
     Also, when the plurality of processing units  11  or the plurality of stacking units  13  is provided in the manufacturing device  10  and the manufacturing devices  10  is thus operated in multiple times, the accuracy and efficiency of the decision can be improved by mutually referring to the measurement results of the first measuring unit  14  and the second measuring unit  12  or accumulating the measurement results in a common database. In this case, for example, even though the processing unit  11 , the stacking unit  13 , the control device  130  and the like configuring the manufacturing device  10  or a plurality of manufacturing devices  10  are not operated at the same place, when the information can be shared via a communication line, the decision units  133  of the plurality of manufacturing devices  10  can share the information each other, thereby improving the decision accuracy. 
     Also, when the information about the distortion components of the substrates  510  and  520  that are detected in the stacking unit  13  with respect to the positional alignment of the substrates is fed back to the processing unit  11 , the individual tendency and the like of the film depositing device  100  and the circuit forming device  200  can also be corrected. Also, when the information about the distortion and the like that are generated in the individual processing unit  11  is accumulated in the common database, the decision unit  133  can decide the correction conditions in which the tendency of the processing unit  11  is reflected, in addition to the measurement results from the first measuring unit  14 , the second measuring unit  12  and the like. 
     Also, when the plurality of manufacturing devices  10  is provided or when the plurality of processing units  11  or the plurality of stacking units  13  is provided in the manufacturing device  10 , the decision unit  133  may decide the correction amount for a distortion component that is commonly generated in the plurality of devices. In this case, it is sufficient to provide one decision unit  133  for a plurality of devices. 
     In the meantime, when bonding the substrates to manufacture the stacked substrate  550  in the stacking unit  13 , the distortion that is corrected so as to reduce the mutual positional misalignment between the substrates  510  and  520  of the stacked substrate  550  includes following three distortions. (A) distortion that is generated during the bonding in the stacking unit  13 . (B) distortion that is generated in the substrate  510  by the processing before the bonding. (C) distortion that is generated in the substrate  520  by the processing before the bonding. 
     Among the distortions (A), (B) and (C), the distortions (B) and (C) in the substrates can be individually detected in the process of the positional alignment in the bonding device  300 . Also, a sum of the distortions (A). (B) and (C) can be detected by measuring the positional misalignment of the substrates  510  and  520  of the manufactured stacked substrate  550 . Therefore, the distortions (A), (B) and (C) can be individually detected. 
     When the plurality of stacked substrates  550  is manufactured, the decision unit  133  of the manufacturing device detects a component of the distortions (A), (B) and (C) that steadily appears and decides a correction amount for correcting the component. In order to perform the correction by using the decided correction amount as a common correction amount, at least one of a processing parameter for the substrates  510  and  520  in the processing unit  11  and an initial setting value in the bonding of the substrates  510  and  520  by the stacking unit  13  is set to reduce the correction amount for each individual of the stacked substrate  550  in the bonding device  300 . 
     Herein, when all the correction amounts are assigned to one substrate  510  and the correction is performed in the processing step such as exposure in the exposure device, the mutual positional misalignment between the substrates  510  and  520  of the stacked substrate  550  formed by the stacking is reduced. However, the distortion (C) in the other substrate  520  that is not corrected remains as it is, so that the distortion having a magnitude corresponding to the distortion (C) remains in the substrate  510 . For this reason, when the substrate  510 -side of the manufactured stacked substrate  550  is thinned to further stack another substrate or when any structure is formed on the surface of the stacked substrate  550 , it is necessary to perform correction for generating distortion corresponding to the remaining distortion (C) in another substrate and the structure. 
     All the correction amounts may be assigned to the other substrate  520 , the correction may be performed in the processing step, and another substrate may be stacked on the substrate  510  of the manufactured stacked substrate  550  or any structure may be formed on the surface of the stacked substrate  550 . In this case, the distortions (A) and (B) remain in the substrate  510 . For this reason, when stacking another substrate on the substrate  510 , on condition that distortion of which a difference from a total of the distortions (A) and (B) is equal to or less than the threshold value is generated in another substrate, distortion may be generated without correcting another substrate and the bonding may be performed. 
     Also, for example, when the distortion (C) in the substrate  520  is sufficiently small, the distortions (A) and (B) may be corrected in the processing step for the substrate  510  of which the distortion (B) is larger and the substrates  510  and  520  may be bonded. In this case, although the distortion (C) is not corrected, the distortion in the entire stacked substrate  550  coincides with the relatively small distortion (C). Therefore, when thinning the stacked substrate  550  manufactured in this way, the substrate  510  corrected in the processing step is preferably thinned. 
     Also, in the processing step, when the distortion (B) in one substrate  510  and the distortion (C) in the other substrate  520  are respectively corrected, the substrates  510  and  520  are bonded without considering the positional misalignment due to the distortions (B) and (C) of the respective substrates  510  and  520 , so that the stacked substrate  550  in which the positional misalignment is small can be manufactured. In this case, the distortion (B) and (C) components generated in the film depositing step and the like after the patterning in the processing step of the substrates  510  and  520  may be individually corrected for each individual in the bonding device  300 . Also, the correction of the distortion (A) may be assigned to the correction in the processing step of one of the substrates  510  and  520  or may be performed in the bonding step. 
     In the meantime, in any case, the variation of the distortion that is generated in each of the substrates  510  and  520 , i.e., the variation from the common correction amount may be individually corrected by a correction mechanism of the bonding device  300 . Also, the positional misalignment of the substrates  510  and  520  of the manufactured stacked substrate  550  may be measured and reflected in the correction amount in the processing of next substrates  510  and  520  and the manufacturing of the stacked substrate  550 . 
     When a specific distortion component of which the variation is small is detected, a pattern itself of the reticle and the like that is used for the circuit forming device  200  of the processing unit  11  may be modified. Thereby, it is possible to further reduce the load of each unit in the manufacturing device  10 . 
     Also, since the distortion component that is generated during the bonding may depend on the characteristics of the manufacturing device  10 , the measurement results by the first measuring unit  14  may be accumulated and referred to when manufacturing other types of the stacked substrate  550 . Also, when there is an extremely different value in the measurement results measured for the plurality of stacked substrates  550  by the first measuring unit  14 , the decision unit  133  may decide a correction item with excluding the abnormal value. 
     Also, the decision unit  133  may decide, as the common correction amount of the correction that is executed through the common correction control unit  131 , an average value, a median value, a mode value or a minimum value of the amount of positional misalignment measured by the first measuring unit  14 . In this case, the decision unit  133  calculates an average value, a median value, a mode value or a minimum value from the different amounts of positional misalignment generated when sets of the plurality of substrates  510  and  520  are bonded to manufacture the plurality of stacked substrates  550 , as the correction amount of the correction that is performed in the common correction control unit  131 . In the meantime, the correction that is individually performed by the individual correction control unit  132  for each manufacturing of the stacked substrate  550  is a difference between the correction amount of the correction that is commonly executed by the common correction control unit  131  and the amount of positional misalignment in each of the stacked substrates  550 . 
     For example, when the correction amount is an average value, a value obtained by subtracting the average value from the amount of positional misalignment that is predicted to be generated between the substrates  510  and  530  when bonding the two substrates  510  and  530  is set as the correction amount of the correction that is performed by the individual correction control unit  132 . Since a difference with respect to the average value is different for each set of the substrates  510  and  530  to be bonded and there is a variation with respect to the average value, the correction amount of the correction that is performed by the individual correction control unit  132  is different for each of the substrates  510  and  530 . The same applies to a case in which the correction amount is a median value, a mode value or a minimum value. 
     Also, for a plurality of types of positional misalignment components obtained by measuring the positional misalignment of the substrates  510  and  520  of the plurality of stacked substrates  550 , the variation among the individuals is calculated as 3σ, for example, and it is possible to evaluate that the positional misalignment component is a common component to the plurality of stacked substrates  550 , depending on whether the value is smaller than a preset threshold value. Herein, the component that is determined common is decided as a component that is commonly corrected by the common correction control unit  131 . 
     In this case, the threshold value may be decided, depending on whether a magnitude of the positional misalignment that can be generated in the stacked substrate  550  achieves preset target accuracy, for example. In this way, the positional misalignment component determined as being commonly correctable for the plurality of stacked substrates  550  can be corrected in accordance with one correction condition, in the step of processing the substrates  510  and  520  in the processing unit  11 , for example. 
     In the meantime, when calculating the correction amount, the positional misalignment in each of the plurality of stacked substrates  550  may be decomposed into a magnification component and a non-linear distortion component. In this case, an average value, a median value, a mode value or a minimum value of magnification components in the plurality of stacked substrates  550  may be set as the common correction amount, and a difference between a magnification, which is generated as a result of bonding of the substrate corrected using the common correction amount and another substrate, and the common correction amount may be set as the individual correction amount. In the meantime, regarding the non-linear component, non-linear components may be obtained in a plurality of common positions to the plurality of stacked substrates  550 , an average value, a median value, a mode value or a minimum value of the non-linear distortion components in the respective positions may be set as the common correction amount in each of the positions, and a difference between non-linear distortion, which is generated as a result of bonding of the substrate corrected using the common correction amount and another substrate, and the common correction amount may be set as the individual correction amount. 
     As described above with reference to  FIG. 6 , in the bonding device  300  of the stacking unit  13 , the alignment marks  518 ;  528  are detected for each of the substrates  510  and  520 , and the deformation or distortion of the substrates  510  and  520  is detected. Therefore, in the stacking unit  13 , the individual positional misalignment component that is generated in each of the substrates  510  and  520  can be corrected. Therefore, the positional misalignment component that is commonly generated in the plurality of stacked substrates  550  is corrected in the processing step of the processing unit  11 , so that the correction conditions of the correction in the stacking unit  13  are specialized into the positional misalignment that is individually generated for each of the substrates  510  and  520 . Thereby, it is possible to perform the correction more efficiently. 
     Also, the positional misalignment component that is generated in the stacking unit  13  and is not generated yet in the processing unit  11  is corrected in advance in the processing unit  11 , so that the correction amount that can be eventually corrected in the entire manufacturing device  10  becomes a sum of a range to be correctable in the processing unit  11  and a range to be correctable in the stacking unit  13 . Therefore, the correction amount that can be corrected in the entire manufacturing device  10  increases. From this standpoint, the common correction that is executed by the common correction control unit  131  may also be executed in the stacking unit  13 . 
     In the meantime, in the manufacturing device  10 , at least a part of the positional misalignment that is generated in the stacking unit  13  may be corrected in the processing unit  11 . For this reason, the positional misalignment with respect to a design value of the substrate processed in the processing unit  11  may temporarily increase, as compared to a case in which the correction is performed only for the positional misalignment that is generated in the processing unit  11 . 
     Also, the common correction control unit  131  may share and execute the common correction amount provided by the decision unit  133  with a plurality of devices that performs a plurality of processes in the manufacturing device  10 . For example, the initial distortions in the substrates  510  and  520  may be divided into a component that can be predicted in advance, such as an average value, a median value, a mode value, a minimum value and the like, and a fine individual difference that is the variation as a deviation with respect to an average value, a median value, a mode value or a minimum value and cannot be predicted, and the former may be corrected in the circuit forming device  200  and the latter may be corrected in the bonding device  300 . 
     Also, when even a part of the processing for the substrates  510  and  520  has been already completed at the time when the decision unit  133  decides the correction amount, the substrates  510  and  520  cannot be corrected in the processing unit  11 . Therefore, in this case, even a distortion component that is suitable for correction in the processing unit  11  may be decided as being corrected in another device such as the stacking unit  13 . 
     Also, an additional correction device such as the substrate holder  540  having the convex suction surface  542 , a table device having an actuator to be described later with reference to  FIGS. 21 to 23 , for example, a mini jack or a mini balloon, and the like may be used together. In this case, the correction in which the common correction amount such as an average value, a median value, a mode value, a minimum value and the like is used is performed for the substrate holder  540 , and a difference between a correction amount of the correction and an amount of positional misalignment to be actually corrected is corrected using the correction device. That is, in this case, the selection of the substrate holder  540  is controlled by the common correction control unit  131 , and the correction device is controlled by the individual correction control unit  132 . 
       FIG. 21  is a schematic sectional view of a correction device  601  that can be used when individually correcting the substrate  520  in the stacking unit  13 . The correction device  601  is incorporated into the lower stage  332  of the bonding device  300 , and corrects one side of the substrate  520  carried into the bonding device  300 . 
     The correction device  601  includes a base unit  611 , a plurality of actuators  612 , and a suction unit  613 . The base unit  611  supports the suction unit  613  via the actuators  612 . The suction unit  613  includes a suction mechanism such as a vacuum chuck, an electrostatic chuck and the like, and forms the upper surface of the lower stage  332 . The suction unit  613  sucks and holds the carried substrate holder  540 . 
     The plurality of actuators  612  are arranged below the suction unit  613  along a lower surface of the suction unit  613 . Also, the plurality of actuators  612  is individually driven under control of the control device  130  as an operating fluid is supplied from an outside via a pump  615  and valves  616 . Thereby, the plurality of actuators  612  is individually extended and contracted in different amounts of extension and contraction in a thickness direction of the lower stage  332 . i.e., in a superimposition direction of the substrates  510  and  520 , thereby raising or lowering a region in which the suction unit  613  is coupled. 
     Also, the plurality of actuators  612  is respectively coupled to the suction unit  613  via links. A central part of the suction unit  613  is coupled to the base unit  611  by a supporting column  614 . When the actuators  612  are operated in the correction device  601 , the surface of the suction unit  613  is displaced in the thickness direction in each of the regions in which the actuators  612  are coupled. 
       FIG. 22  is a schematic plan view of the correction device  601 , and shows a layout of the actuators  612  in the correction device  601 . In the correction device  601 , the actuators  612  are radially arranged about the supporting column  614 . Also, it can be understood that the arrangement of the actuators  612  is regarded as a concentric circle of which a center is the supporting column  614 . The arrangement of the actuators  612  is not limited to the shown arrangement. For example, the actuators may be arranged in a lattice shape, a spiral shape and the like. Thereby, the substrate  520  may be corrected by changing the shape thereof into a concentric circle, a radial shape, a spiral shape or the like. 
       FIG. 23  illustrates an operation of the correction device  601 . As shown, the valves  616  can be individually opened and closed to extend and contract the actuators  612 , thereby changing the shape of the suction unit  613 . Therefore, in a state in which the suction unit  613  sucks the substrate holder  540  and the substrate holder  540  holds the substrate  520 , the shape of the suction unit  613  is changed to change and flex the shapes of the substrate holder  540  and the substrate  520 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 22 , the actuators  612  can be regarded as being arranged in a concentric circle shape, i.e., in a circumferential direction of the lower stage  332 . Therefore, as shown with a dotted line M in  FIG. 22 , the actuators  612  on each circumference is grouped, and a drive amount is increased toward a circumferential edge, so that the center of the surface of the suction unit  613  is raised and can be thus changed into a shape such as a spherical surface, a parabolic shape, a cylindrical shape or the like. 
     Thereby, as with a case in which the substrate  520  is held on the flexed substrate holder  540 , the substrate  520  can be flexed while changing its shape in conformity to a spherical surface, a parabolic shape or the like. Therefore, in the correction device  601 , as compared to a central part B in the thickness direction of the substrate  520 , which is shown with the one dot chain line in  FIG. 23 , a shape of the upper surface of the substrate  520  is changed so that the surface of the substrate  520  is expanded in a plane direction. 
     Also, a shape of the lower surface of the substrate  520  in  FIG. 23  is changed so that the surface of the substrate  520  is reduced in the plane direction. Also, when the amounts of extension and contraction of the plurality of actuators  612  are individually controlled, the shape of the substrate  520  can be changed and flexed into a non-linear shape including a plurality of concave and convex portions, in addition to the other shapes such as a cylindrical shape. 
     In the example of  FIG. 22 , the suction unit  613  is convex at the center. However, the operating amounts of the actuators  612  at the peripheral edge portion of the suction unit  613  are increased to recess the central part with respect to the peripheral edge portion of the suction unit  613 , so that the magnification of the circuit region  516  on the surface of the substrate  520  can be reduced. 
     Also, in the above example, the correction device  601  is incorporated into the lower stage  332  of the bonding device  300 . However, the correction device  601  may be incorporated into the upper stage  322  so that the substrate  510  is to be corrected on the upper stage  322 . Also, the correction device  601  may be incorporated into both the upper stage  322  and the lower stage  332 . Also, the correction may be shared on the upper stage  322  and the lower stage  332 . The correction of the magnifications of the substrates  510  and  520  is not limited to the above method, and other correction method such as thermal expansion and thermal shrinkage by temperature regulation may be additionally adopted. In this case, the temperature regulation may be performed by a device outside of the bonding device  300 . 
     Also, when conveying the substrates  510  and  520  of which temperatures have been regulated to the bonding device  300 , a conveying path may be set to an adiabatic environment. Also, a temperature distribution of the hand holding the substrates  510  and  530  of a conveyor unit that conveys the substrates  510  and  530  may be set to be the same as the temperature distributions of the substrates  510  and  530  of which temperatures have been regulated. Also, a temperature upon the temperature regulation may be set, considering heat that is irradiated from the substrates  510  and  530  during the conveying. Also, temperature distributions of the upper stage  322  and the lower stage  332  in which the substrates  510  and  530  are carried may be set to be the same as the temperature distributions of the substrates  510  and  530  of which temperatures have been regulated. 
     In this way, the correction device  601  can immediately cope with a variety of corrections by controlling the actuators  612  to change the shape of the suction surface. Therefore, it is possible to favorably use the correction device when correcting the plurality of substrates  520  with individual conditions. Also, it is possible to correct the non-linear distortion in the substrate  520  by individually operating the actuators  612  of the correction device  601  through the control device  130 . 
     In the meantime, when bonding one deformed substrate  520  to the other substrate  510 , since stress due to deformation is also generated in the substrate  520  on the fixed side on which the holding state is not released, in accordance with stress that is generated in the substrate  510  on the release side on which the holding state by substrate holder  530  is released upon the bonding, a difference in stress between the substrates is small in the state of the stacked substrate  550  after the bonding. 
     In the meantime, in the stacked substrate  550  in which the substrates of which the magnification or the non-linear distortion has been corrected in the patterning by the circuit forming device  200  are bonded, the stress due to the distortion generated in the bonding process remains in the substrate  510  on the release side. However, since the substrate  520  on the fixed side is not subjected to deformation for distortion correction, the stress due to the deformation is not generated therein. For this reason, when the holding state of the substrate  520  on the substrate holder  540  is released after the bonding, the stress is distributed in both the substrates. For this reason, the substrate  520  is reduction deformed together with the substrate  510  due to the stress applied from the substrate  510 . In this state, the positions of the patterns formed on the substrates  510  and  520  largely deviate from the design positions. 
     Thereafter, the substrate  510  is thinned, so that the stress is again concentrated on the substrate  510 . For this reason, the substrates  510  and  520  are respectively enlargement-deformed, so that the pattern positions on the substrates  510  and  520  substantially coincide with the design positions. Thereby, upon the exposure of a redistribution layer after the thinning of the substrate  510  or upon the stacking of the third and subsequent substrates, a post-process can be performed by using the design positions as target positions. Therefore, when the substrate on which the stacked substrate  550  is thinned after the bonding is confirmed in advance, it is preferably to correct the distortion that is generated in the substrate to be thinned in the processing unit  11 . 
     Also, in the above example, the lower stage  332  is deformed by the actuators  612 , so that at least one of the substrates  510  and  520  is deformed and corrected. However, for example, as shown in  FIG. 9 , the plurality of substrate holders  540  having curved suction surfaces  542  and different curvatures may be prepared, and the substrate  520  may be deformed, i.e., corrected by holding the substrate  520  with the substrate holder  540  having a curvature corresponding to the correction conditions for the substrate  520 . When at least one of the two substrates  510  and  520  is deformed to reduce the positional misalignment between the substrates to the threshold value or smaller, an amount of deformation thereof is the correction amount. 
     While the embodiments of the present invention have been described, the technical scope of the invention is not limited to the above described embodiments. It is apparent to persons skilled in the art that various alterations and improvements can be added to the above-described embodiments. It is also apparent from the scope of the claims that the embodiments added with such alterations or improvements can be included in the technical scope of the invention. 
     The operations, procedures, steps, and stages of each process performed by an apparatus, system, program, and method shown in the claims, embodiments, or diagrams can be performed in any order as long as the order is not indicated by “prior to,” “before,” or the like and as long as the output from a previous process is not used in a later process. Even if the process flow is described using phrases such as “first” or “next” in the claims, embodiments, or diagrams, it does not necessarily mean that the process must be performed in this order. 
     EXPLANATION OF REFERENCES 
       10 : manufacturing device,  11 : processing unit,  12 : second measuring unit,  13 : stacking unit,  14 : measuring unit,  100 : film depositing device,  110 : chamber,  112 : supply hole,  114 : exhaust hole,  122 ,  124 : high-frequency electrode,  130 : control device,  131 : common correction control unit,  132 : individual correction control unit,  133 : decision unit,  134 : determination unit,  200 : circuit forming device,  210 : light source.  220 : reticle,  230 : reduction optics,  240 : moving stage.  300 : bonding device.  310 : frame body,  312 : bottom plate,  316 : top plate,  322 : upper stage,  324 ,  334 : microscope,  326 ,  336 : activation device,  331 : X-direction drive unit,  332 : lower stage,  333 : Y-direction drive unit,  338 : elevation drive unit,  339 : rotation drive unit.  400 : thinning device,  510 ,  520 : substrate,  512 ,  522 : scribe line,  514 ,  524 : notch,  516 ,  526 : circuit region,  518 ,  528 : alignment mark,  530 ,  540 : substrate holder,  532 ,  542 : suction surface,  550 : stacked substrate,  601 : correction device,  611 : base unit,  612 : actuator,  613 : suction unit,  614 : supporting column,  615 : pump,  616 : valve