Patent Publication Number: US-9836013-B2

Title: Image forming apparatus, image forming system and lubricant amount adjusting method

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is entitled to and claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application 2015-154901, filed on Aug. 5, 2015, the disclosure of which including the specification, drawings and abstract is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus, an image forming system and a lubricant amount adjusting method. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     In an image forming apparatus using an electrophotographic scheme, a cleaning device of a blade-cleaning type is known in which a plate-shaped cleaning blade composed of an elastic body and serving as a device for removing remaining toner such as untransferred toner and transfer residual toner on an image bearing member (for example, photoconductor) is brought into contact with the surface of the image bearing member to thereby remove the remaining toner on the image bearing member, for example. 
     In recent years, reduction of toner particle size has been demanded from the view point of enhancing the image quality, and for such a purpose, polymerization methods such as an emulsion polymerization method and a suspension polymerization method have been utilized, for example. As the size of the toner particle decreases, however, the attaching force between the toner particle and the image bearing member increases, thus reducing the ease of removal of the remaining toner on the image bearing member. In particular, when a so-called polymerization toner produced by a polymerization method is used, the toner particles have a substantially spherical shape, and as a result cleaning failures in which the toner particles roll on the image bearing member and slip through the cleaning blade are easily caused, thus further reducing the ease of removal of the remaining toner on the image bearing member. 
     In addition, when toner slips through the cleaning blade, the toner becomes the core of toner aggregate formed on the image bearing member, and grain blank (raindrop) is generated on the solid image printing part. To solve such a quality problem as the above-mentioned “raindrop” today, lubricant (e.g., metal soap of metal stearate) is supplied onto the image bearing member to form coating of the lubricant such that cleaning is performed in the state where the attaching force between the toner particle and the image bearing member is suppressed to a low level. Examples of the mechanism for supplying lubricant on the image bearing member include a lubricant application process in which a brush is brought into contact with lubricant formed in a rod shape to scrape the lubricant and supply the lubricant to the surface of the image bearing member, a toner adding process in which a toner image is formed with use of toner containing lubricant-external additive (lubricant) to supply the lubricant or a process combining the lubricant application process and the toner adding process. 
     The image forming apparatus provided with the lubricant supply mechanism supplies lubricant onto the surface of the image bearing member and thereby reduces a frictional coefficient with respect to the toner on the surface of the image bearing member. When transferring the toner image formed on the surface of the image bearing member to a transfer member (e.g., intermediate transfer belt), this makes it possible to suppress the occurrence of transfer failures and improve the image quality of the toner image. It is also possible to reduce the frictional coefficient between the cleaning blade or the like brought into pressure-contact with the image bearing member and the image bearing member, and thereby suppress shaving (abrasion) of the surface layer of the image bearing member, and eventually extend the service life of the image bearing member. 
     For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-112665 discloses a toner removing section configured to dispose a cleaning brush on an upstream side of a cleaning blade in a rotational direction of an image bearing member and remove remaining toner before reaching the cleaning blade using the cleaning brush. 
     An insufficient amount of lubricant coated onto the image bearing member may produce problems such as cleaning failures, granular noise, stripe image irregularity, and on the other hand, an excessive amount of lubricant may produce problems such as reduction of durability of the cleaning blade due to adhesive wear and image degradation due to mixture of lubricant from the developing section to the developer, and therefore an appropriate amount exists for the amount of lubricant. Moreover, a difference in the amount of lubricant may produce unevenness in image concentration or image quality, and it is therefore necessary to maintain the amount of lubricant stably and to within an appropriate range in order to stabilize the image concentration or image quality. 
     The toner adding process does not require a coating device such as a lubricant rod and a brush, and therefore is advantageous in terms of installation space and cost. In the toner adding process, however, the amount of the lubricant in the developing device varies depending on the amount of toner consumption, and as a result the amount of the lubricant to be applied onto the image bearing member varies. The amount of the lubricant to be coated onto the image bearing member is determined by a balance between the “supply amount” of the lubricant supplied onto the image bearing member and the “collection amount” of the lubricant scraped and collected after being supplied onto the image bearing member. In the toner adding process, since the lubricant is supplied from a developer, when a high coverage image is printed, the supply amount of the lubricant increases, whereas when a low coverage image is printed, the supply amount of the lubricant decreases. Originally, the lubricant is supplied only to parts on the image bearing member to which toner is supplied. However, there is actually lubricant which detaches from toner and becomes independent as well due to the influence of a load during stirring in the developing device and an electric field load in a transfer section (development region), and the lubricant is also supplied to a white base where there is no image. 
     On the other hand, the cleaning blade which is in contact with the image bearing member has a large effect on the amount of lubricant collected and the lubricant is scraped and collected by a friction with the toner (mainly external additive component) blocked by a blade edge section at which the cleaning blade is in contact with the image bearing member. Furthermore, the amount of lubricant collection varies depending on the amount of toner supplied to the blade edge section as well, the greater the amount of toner supplied, the greater the amount of lubricant collected becomes, whereas the smaller the amount of toner supplied, the smaller the amount of lubricant collected becomes. That is, the amount of lubricant collection increases when a high coverage image is printed and the amount of lubricant collection decreases when a low coverage image is printed. 
     As described above, the relationship between the supply and collection of lubricant varies depending on the coverage of an image to be printed, and by extension, there is a difference in the amount of lubricant coated onto the image bearing member depending on the ratio of the supply and collection, resulting in a problem in that it is not possible to maintain the amount of lubricant coated onto the image bearing member to within an appropriate range. 
     Note that the technique according to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-112665 is a technique for reducing the amount of toner supplied to the blade edge section and is not a technique for preventing the occurrence of a difference in the amount of lubricant coated onto the image bearing member depending on the coverage of an image to be printed. That is, the technique described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-112665 is not intended to maintain the amount of lubricant coated onto the image bearing member to within an appropriate range, and thus does not have the configuration therefor. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to provide an image forming apparatus, an image forming system and a lubricant amount adjusting method capable of maintaining an amount of lubricant coated onto an image bearing member within an appropriate range. 
     To achieve the abovementioned object, an image forming apparatus reflecting one aspect of the present invention includes: an image bearing member that is rotatable and supplied with toner to which lubricant has been added; a first cleaning section configured to make contact with the image bearing member and remove the toner remaining on the image bearing member; a second cleaning section provided on a downstream side of the first cleaning section in a rotational direction of the image bearing member and configured to make contact with the image bearing member and remove the toner remaining on the image bearing member and left without being removed by the first cleaning section; and a control section configured to perform control to change removing performance in the first cleaning section based on toner consumption information relating to the amount of toner consumption. 
     Desirably, in the image forming apparatus, the control section performs control so that the removing performance of the first cleaning section when the amount of toner consumption is small becomes higher than the removing performance of the first cleaning section when the amount of toner consumption is large. 
     Desirably, in the image forming apparatus, the toner consumption information is a coverage rate of an input image of an image forming target, and the control section performs control so that the removing performance of the first cleaning section when the coverage rate is low becomes higher than the removing performance of the first cleaning section when the coverage rate is high. 
     Desirably, in the image forming apparatus, the coverage rate is an average coverage rate per predetermined number of printed sheets. 
     Desirably, in the image forming apparatus, the control section changes a relative moving speed of the first cleaning section with respect to the image bearing member to thereby perform control to change the removing performance in the first cleaning section. 
     Desirably, the image forming apparatus further includes a voltage application section configured to apply a voltage to the first cleaning section, in which the control section changes the voltage to thereby perform control to change the removing performance in the first cleaning section. 
     Desirably, the image forming apparatus further includes a charging amount adjusting section provided on an upstream side of the first cleaning section in the rotational direction of the image bearing member and configured to charge the toner remaining on the image bearing member, in which the control section changes the amount of charge of the toner to thereby perform control to change the removing performance in the first cleaning section. 
     Desirably, in the image forming apparatus, the control section performs control to change the removing performance in the first cleaning section between a first supply timing at which toner is supplied to an image forming region on the image bearing member and a second supply timing at which toner is supplied between the image forming regions on the image bearing member. 
     Desirably, in the image forming apparatus, the first cleaning section is a brush which is rotatable while in contact with the image bearing member. 
     Desirably, in the image forming apparatus, the first cleaning section is a roller which is rotatable while in contact with the image bearing member. 
     Desirably, in the image forming apparatus, the first cleaning section is a belt capable of running while in contact with the image bearing member. 
     In addition, to achieve the abovementioned object, an image forming system reflecting one aspect of the present invention is composed of a plurality of units including an image forming apparatus, the image forming system including: an image bearing member that is rotatable and supplied with toner to which lubricant has been added; a first cleaning section configured to make contact with the image bearing member and remove the toner remaining on the image bearing member; a second cleaning section provided on a downstream side of the first cleaning section in a rotational direction of the image bearing member and configured to make contact with the image bearing member and remove the toner remaining on the image bearing member and left without being removed by the first cleaning section; and a control section configured to perform control to change removing performance in the first cleaning section based on toner consumption information relating to the amount of toner consumption. 
     Desirably, in the image forming system, the control section performs control so that the removing performance of the first cleaning section when the amount of toner consumption is small becomes higher than the removing performance of the first cleaning section when the amount of toner consumption is large. 
     Desirably, in the image forming system, the toner consumption information is a coverage rate of an input image of an image forming target, and the control section performs control so that the removing performance of the first cleaning section when the coverage rate is low becomes higher than the removing performance of the first cleaning section when the coverage rate is high. 
     Desirably, in the image forming system, the coverage rate is an average coverage rate per predetermined number of printed sheets. 
     Desirably, in the image forming system, the control section changes a relative moving speed of the first cleaning section with respect to the image bearing member to thereby perform control to change the removing performance in the first cleaning section. 
     Desirably, in the image forming system further includes a voltage application section configured to apply a voltage to the first cleaning section, in which the control section changes the voltage to thereby perform control to change the removing performance in the first cleaning section. 
     Desirably, in the image forming system further includes a charging amount adjusting section provided on an upstream side of the first cleaning section in the rotational direction of the image bearing member and configured to charge the toner remaining on the image bearing member, in which the control section changes the amount of charge of the toner to thereby perform control to change the removing performance in the first cleaning section. 
     Desirably, in the image forming system, the control section performs control to change the removing performance in the first cleaning section between a first supply timing at which toner is supplied to an image forming region on the image bearing member and a second supply timing at which toner is supplied between the image forming regions on the image bearing member. 
     Moreover, to achieve the abovementioned object, a lubricant amount adjusting method reflecting one aspect of the present invention includes: supplying a rotating image bearing member with toner to which lubricant has been added; removing the toner remaining on the image bearing member by causing a first cleaning section to make contact with the image bearing member; causing a second cleaning section to make contact with the image bearing member on a downstream side of the first cleaning section in a rotational direction of the image bearing member and thereby remove the toner remaining on the image bearing member and left without being removed by the first cleaning section; and changing removing performance in the first cleaning section based on toner consumption information relating to the amount of toner consumption. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  schematically illustrates an entire configuration of an image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a principal part of a control system of the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment; 
         FIG. 3  schematically illustrates a configuration of a toner removing section or the like; 
         FIG. 4  is a flowchart of a lubricant amount adjusting control operation of the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment; 
         FIG. 5  schematically illustrates a modification of the configuration of the toner removing section or the like; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a relationship between the amount of toner supplied to the cleaning blade and the amount of lubricant coated onto the photoconductor drum; and 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a relationship between a coverage rate of an input image and an amount of lubricant coated onto a photoconductor drum (photoconductor lubricant amount converted value). 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.  FIG. 1  schematically illustrates an entire configuration of image forming apparatus  1  according to the embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 2  illustrates a principal part of a control system of image forming apparatus  1  according to the present embodiment. Image forming apparatus  1  illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 2  is a color image forming apparatus of an intermediate transfer system using electrophotographic process technology. That is, image forming apparatus  1  transfers (primary-transfers) toner images of colors of Y (yellow), M (magenta), C (cyan) and K (black) formed on photoconductor drum  413  (corresponding to “image bearing member” of the present invention) to intermediate transfer belt  421 , superimposes the four color toner images one on another on intermediate transfer belt  421 , then transfers (secondary-transfers) them to sheet S and thereby forms an image. 
     A tandem scheme is adopted for image forming apparatus  1 , in which photoconductor drums  413  corresponding to four YMCK colors are arranged in series in a traveling direction of intermediate transfer belt  421  and toner images of the respective colors are sequentially transferred to intermediate transfer belt  421  in one cycle. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , image forming apparatus  1  includes image reading section  10 , operation display section  20 , image processing section  30 , image forming section  40 , sheet conveyance section  50 , fixing section  60  and control section  100 . 
     Control section  100  includes central processing unit (CPU)  101 , read only memory (ROM)  102 , random access memory (RAM)  103  and the like. CPU  101  reads a program suited to processing contents out of ROM  102 , deploys the program in RAM  103 , and integrally controls an operation of each block of image forming apparatus  1  in cooperation with the deployed program. At this time, CPU  101  refers to various kinds of data stored in storage section  72 . Storage section  72  is composed of, for example, a non-volatile semiconductor memory (so-called flash memory) or a hard disk drive. In the present embodiment, storage section  72  stores history information that represents the history of toner image formation of image forming section  40  (“toner consumption information” of the present invention). The history information includes information on the number of prints and the coverage rate the like. The coverage rate includes an average coverage rate per predetermined number of prints. 
     Control section  100  transmits and receives various kinds of data to and from an external apparatus (for example, a personal computer) connected to a communication network such as a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), through communication section  71 . Control section  100  receives, for example, image data transmitted from the external apparatus, and performs control to form an image on sheet S on the basis of the image data (input image data). Communication section  71  is composed of, for example, a communication control card such as a LAN card. 
     Image reading section  10  includes auto document feeder (ADF)  11 , document image scanning device  12  (scanner), and the like. 
     Auto document feeder  11  causes a conveyance mechanism to feed document D placed on a document tray, and sends out document D to document image scanner  12 . Auto document feeder  11  enables images (even both sides thereof) of a large number of documents D placed on the document tray to be successively read at once. 
     Document image scanner  12  optically scans a document fed from auto document feeder  11  to its contact glass or a document placed on its contact glass, and images light reflected from the document on the light receiving surface of charge coupled device (CCD) sensor  12   a , to thereby read the document image. Image reading section  10  generates input image data on the basis of a reading result provided by document image scanner  12 . Image processing section  30  performs predetermined image processing on the input image data. 
     Operation display section  20  includes, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD) with a touch panel, and functions as display section  21  and operation section  22 . Display section  21  displays various operation screens, image conditions, operating statuses of functions, and the like in accordance with display control signals received from control section  100 . Operation section  22  includes various operation keys such as numeric keys and a start key, receives various input operations performed by a user, and outputs operation signals to control section  100 . 
     Image processing section  30  includes a circuit that performs a digital image process suited to initial settings or user settings on the input image data, and the like. For example, image processing section  30  performs tone correction on the basis of tone correction data (tone correction table), under the control of control section  100 . In addition to the tone correction, image processing section  30  also performs various correction processes such as color correction and shading correction as well as a compression process, on the input image data. Image forming section  40  is controlled on the basis of the image data that has been subjected to the processes. 
     Image forming section  40  includes image forming units  41 Y,  41 M,  41 C, and  41 K that form images of colored toners of a Y component, an M component, a C component, and a K component on the basis of the input image data, intermediate transfer unit  42 , and the like. 
     Image forming units  41 Y,  41 M,  41 C, and  41 K for the Y component, the M component, the C component, and the K component have a similar configuration. For ease of illustration and description, common elements are denoted by the same reference numerals. Only when elements need to be discriminated from one another, Y, M, C, or K is added to their reference numerals. In  FIG. 1 , reference numerals are given to only the elements of image forming unit  41 Y for the Y component, and reference numerals are omitted for the elements of other image forming units  41 M,  41 C, and  41 K. 
     Image forming unit  41  includes exposure device  411 , developing device  412 , photoconductor drum  413 , charging apparatus  414 , drum cleaning device  415  (corresponding to the “second cleaning section” of the present invention) and toner removing section  416  (corresponding to the “first cleaning section” of the present invention), and the like. 
     Photoconductor drum  413  is composed of an organic photoconductor in which a photosensitive layer made of a resin containing an organic photoconductive member is formed on the outer peripheral surface of a drum-like metal base, for example. Examples of the resin of the photosensitive layer include polycarbonate resin, silicone resin, polystyrene resin, acrylic resin, methacryl resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, chloride vinyl resin, melamine resin and the like. 
     Control section  100  controls a driving current supplied to a driving motor (not shown in the drawings) that rotates photoconductor drums  413 , whereby photoconductor drums  413  are rotated at a constant circumferential speed. 
     Charging device  414  is, for example, a charging charger and causes corona discharge to thereby evenly negatively charge the surface of photoconductor drum  413  having photoconductivity. 
     Exposure device  411  is composed of, for example, a semiconductor laser, and configured to irradiate photoconductor drum  413  with laser light corresponding to the image of each color component. As a result, electrostatic latent images for the respective color components are formed on the surface of photoconductor drum  413  due to a potential difference from the surrounding area. 
     Developing device  412  is a developing device of a two-component reverse type, and attaches toners of respective color components to the surface of photoconductor drums  413 , and visualizes the electrostatic latent image to form a toner image. In the present embodiment, lubricant having lubricity is added in the toner. Examples of the lubricant include fatty acid metal salt, silicone oil, fluorine resin and the like, which may be used alone or in combination. Among them, fatty acid metal salt is preferable. The fatty acid is preferably a straight-chain hydrocarbon, and for example, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and the like are preferable. Among them, stearic acid is more preferable. Examples of the metal include lithium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, zinc, cadmium, aluminum, celium, titanium, and iron. Among them, zinc stearate, stearic acid magnesium, stearic acid aluminum, stearic acid iron and the like are preferable. 
     Developing device  412  includes a developing sleeve that is disposed to face photoconductor drum  413  with the development region therebetween. For example, a direct current developing bias having the same polarity as the charging polarity of charging apparatus  414 , or a developing bias in which a direct current voltage having the same polarity as the charging polarity of charging apparatus  414  is superimposed on an alternating current voltage is applied to the developing sleeve. Thus, reversal development for attaching toner to an electrostatic latent image formed by exposing device  411  is performed. 
     Drum cleaning device  415  is brought into contact with the surface of photoconductor drum  413 , includes plate-shaped cleaning blade  415 A composed of an elastic body and the like, and removes the toner remaining on the surface of photoconductor drum  413  which has not been transferred to intermediate transfer belt  421 . 
     The impact resilience coefficient and the hardness are important physical properties of cleaning blade  415 A. The impact resilience coefficient at a temperature of 251[° C.] is preferably 10 to 80[%], more preferably 30 to 70[%]. In addition, the JISA hardness is preferably 20 to 90 degrees, more preferably 60 to 80 degrees. When the JISA hardness is smaller than 20 degrees, cleaning blade  415 A is excessively soft, and turn-up of the blade is easily caused. When the JISA hardness is greater than 90 degrees, it is difficult to follow the slight irregularities and foreign matters on photoconductor drum  413 , and consequently toner particles may easily slip therethrough. The contact load of cleaning blade  415 A on photoconductor drum  413  is preferably 0.1 to 40 [N/m], and more preferably 1 to 25 [N/m]. When the contact load is smaller than 0.1 [N/m], the cleaning force is insufficient, and consequently image fouling is easily caused. When the contact load is greater than 40 [N/m], abrasion between cleaning blade  415 A and photoconductor drum  413  is increased, and consequently image blurring and the like are easily caused. Examples of the method for measuring the contact load include a method in which the contact load is measured by pressing the tip of cleaning blade  415 A against a balance, a method in which the contact load is electrically measured by disposing a sensor such as a load cell at a position where the tip of cleaning blade  415 A makes contact with photoconductor drum  413 , and the like. 
       FIG. 3  schematically illustrates a configuration of toner removing section  416 , and the like. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , toner removing section  416  includes scorotron charger (corresponding to the “charging amount adjusting section” of the present invention)  417 , cleaning brush  418 , flicker roller  419  and scraper  420 , and the like. 
     Scorotron charger  417  is provided on the upstream side of cleaning blade  415 A in the rotational direction of photoconductor drum  413  and on the downstream side of the primary transfer nip (see  FIG. 1 ), to adjust the amount of charging of the toner remaining on the surface of photoconductor drum  413  without being transferred to intermediate transfer belt  421 . Scorotron charger  417  is configured by disposing a scorotron electrode (small-diameter wire electrode or sawtooth electrode) in a region surrounded by a shielding body and disposing a mesh-like grid electrode (not shown) between the scorotron electrode and photoconductor drum  413 . Scorotron charger  417  applies a high voltage of, for example, DC+500 [V] to the scorotron electrode, thereby causes corona discharge to locally bring about air breakdown, discharges charge and adds charge having a polarity (plus polarity) opposite to a charge polarity (minus polarity) of the surface of photoconductor drum  413  to the remaining toner on photoconductor drum  413 . Note that the charging amount adjusting section is not limited to scorotron charger  417 , and may be anything that can adjust the amount of charging of the toner such as corotron charger using corona discharge, charge eliminator, destaticizing cloth using non-woven fabric cloth, and the like or electrode or roller placed so as to face photoconductor drum  413  across a minute cavity or contact type roller. The voltage applied when adjusting the amount of charging may be any one of a DC voltage, AC voltage, and an AC voltage superimposed on a DC voltage. Since scorotron charger  417  is means for adjusting the amount of charging of the toner that reaches cleaning brush  418 , scorotron charger  417  may be disposed at any position on the downstream of developing device  412 , on the upstream side of cleaning brush  418  in the rotational direction of photoconductor drum  413 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , cleaning brush  418  is provided on the upstream side of cleaning blade  415 A and on the downstream side of scorotron charger  417  in the rotational direction of photoconductor drum  413  to eliminate the remaining toner on photoconductor drum  413 . 
     Cleaning brush  418  includes a rotatable member and a plurality of elastic conductive fibers (e.g., acrylic resin) implanted into the surface. Cleaning brush  418  rotates while in contact with photoconductor drum  413  and thereby picks up the remaining toner from the surface of photoconductor drum  413 . Control section  100  controls the driving current supplied to driving motor  418 A that drives cleaning brush  418  to rotate and thereby adjusts the rotation speed of cleaning brush  418 . 
     Flicker roller  419  rotates while in contract with cleaning brush  418  and thereby collects the remaining toner picked up by cleaning brush  418  to the surface of flicker roller  419 . 
     Scraper  420  has a plate-like shape and is pressed against the surface of flicker roller  419  with a distal end portion thereof oriented toward a direction facing the rotational direction (counter direction) of flicker roller  419 . When flicker roller  419  rotates, the remaining toner collected in flicker roller  419  and attached to the surface is scraped and taken out by scraper  420 . 
     Intermediate transfer unit  42  includes intermediate transfer belt  421 , primary transfer roller  422 , a plurality of support rollers  423 , secondary transfer roller  424 , belt cleaning device  426  and the like. 
     Intermediate transfer belt  421  is composed of an endless belt, and is stretched around the plurality of support rollers  423  in a loop form. At least one of the plurality of support rollers  423  is composed of a driving roller, and the others are each composed of a driven roller. Preferably, for example, roller  423 A disposed on the downstream side in the belt traveling direction relative to primary transfer rollers  422  for K-component is a driving roller. With this configuration, the travelling speed of the belt at a primary transfer nip can be easily maintained at a constant speed. When driving roller  423 A rotates, intermediate transfer belt  421  travels in arrow A direction at a constant speed. 
     Intermediate transfer belt  421  is a belt having conductivity and elasticity which includes on the surface thereof a high resistance layer having a volume resistivity of 8 to 11 [log Ω·cm]. Intermediate transfer belt  421  is rotationally driven by a control signal from control section  100 . Note that the material, thickness and hardness of intermediate transfer belt  421  are not limited as long as intermediate transfer belt  421  has conductivity and elasticity. 
     Primary transfer rollers  422  are disposed to face photoconductor drums  413  of respective color components, on the inner periphery side of intermediate transfer belt  421 . Primary transfer rollers  422  are brought into pressure contact with photoconductor drums  413  with intermediate transfer belt  421  therebetween, whereby a primary transfer nip for transferring a toner image from photoconductor drums  413  to intermediate transfer belt  421  is formed. 
     Secondary transfer roller  424  is disposed to face backup roller  423 B disposed on the downstream side in the belt travelling direction relative to driving roller  423 A, on the outer peripheral surface side of intermediate transfer belt  421 . Secondary transfer roller  424  is brought into pressure contact with backup roller  423 B with intermediate transfer belt  421  therebetween, whereby a secondary transfer nip for transferring a toner image from intermediate transfer belt  421  to sheet S is formed. 
     When intermediate transfer belt  421  passes through the primary transfer nip, the toner images on photoconductor drums  413  are sequentially primary-transferred to intermediate transfer belt  421 . More specifically, a primary transfer bias is applied to primary transfer rollers  422 , and an electric charge of the polarity opposite to the polarity of the toner is applied to the rear side (the side that makes contact with primary transfer rollers  422 ) of intermediate transfer belt  421 , whereby the toner image is electrostatically transferred to intermediate transfer belt  421 . 
     Thereafter, when sheet S passes through the secondary transfer nip, the toner image on intermediate transfer belt  421  is secondary-transferred to sheet S. To be more specific, a secondary transfer bias is applied to secondary transfer roller  424 , and an electric charge of the polarity opposite to the polarity of the toner is applied to the rear side (the side that makes contact with secondary transfer roller  424 ) of sheet S, whereby the toner image is electrostatically transferred to sheet S. Sheet S on which the toner images have been transferred is conveyed toward fixing section  60 . 
     Belt cleaning device  426  removes transfer residual toner which remains on the surface of intermediate transfer belt  421  after a secondary transfer. A configuration (so-called belt-type secondary transfer unit) in which a secondary transfer belt is installed in a stretched state in a loop form around a plurality of support rollers including a secondary transfer roller may also be adopted in place of secondary transfer roller  424 . 
     Fixing section  60  includes upper fixing section  60 A having a fixing side member disposed on a fixing surface (the surface on which a toner image is formed) side of sheet S, lower fixing section  60 B having a back side supporting member disposed on the rear surface (the surface opposite to the fixing surface) side of sheet S, heating source  60 C, and the like. The back side supporting member is brought into pressure contact with the fixing side member, whereby a fixing nip for conveying sheet S in a tightly sandwiching manner is formed. 
     Fixing section  60  applies, at the fixing nip, heat and pressure to sheet S on which a toner image has been secondary-transferred, thereby fixing the toner image on sheet S. Fixing section  60  is disposed as a unit in fixing part F. In addition, fixing part F may be provided with an air-separating unit that blows air to separate sheet S from the fixing side member or the back side supporting member. 
     Sheet conveyance section  50  includes sheet feeding section  51 , sheet ejection section  52 , conveyance path section  53  and the like. Three sheet feed tray units  51   a  to  51   c  included in sheet feeding section  51  store sheets S (standard sheets, special sheets) discriminated on the basis of the basis weight, the size, and the like, for each type set in advance. Conveyance path section  53  includes a plurality of pairs of conveyance rollers such as a pair of resist rollers  53   a.    
     Sheets S stored in sheet tray units  51   a  to  51   c  are outputted one by one from the uppermost, and conveyed to image forming section  40  by conveyance path section  53 . At this time, the resist roller section in which the pair of resist rollers  53   a  is arranged corrects skew of sheet S fed thereto, and the conveyance timing is adjusted. Then, in image forming section  40 , the toner image on intermediate transfer belt  421  is secondary-transferred to one side of sheet S at once, and a fixing process is performed in fixing section  60 . Sheet S on which an image has been formed is ejected out of the image forming apparatus by sheet ejection section  52  including sheet ejection rollers  52   a.    
     An insufficient amount of lubricant coated onto photoconductor drum  413  may cause problems such as a cleaning failure, grain noise, stripe image irregularity, and an excessive amount of lubricant may cause problems such as deterioration of durability of cleaning blade  415 A due to adhesive wear or image degradation due to a mixture of lubricant from the developing section into the developer, and therefore an appropriate amount exists for the amount of lubricant. Moreover, a difference in the amount of lubricant may produce unevenness in image concentration or image quality, and it is therefore necessary to maintain the amount of lubricant stably and to within an appropriate range in order to stabilize the image concentration or image quality. 
     Since the present embodiment adopts the toner adding process in which a toner image is formed using lubricant-containing toner and the lubricant is supplied, the amount of lubricant in developing device  412  varies depending on the amount of toner consumption, and as a result, the amount of lubricant coated onto photoconductor drum  413  varies. The amount of lubricant coated onto photoconductor drum  413  is determined by a balance between the “supply amount” of the lubricant supplied onto photoconductor drum  413  and the “collection amount” of the lubricant supplied onto photoconductor drum  413  and then scraped and collected. In the toner adding process, since the lubricant is supplied from the developer, when a high coverage image is printed, the amount of lubricant supplied increases, whereas when a low coverage image is printed, the amount of lubricant supplied decreases. 
     On the other hand, cleaning blade  415 A which is in contact with photoconductor drum  413  has a large effect on the amount of lubricant collected and the lubricant is scraped and collected by a friction with the toner (mainly external additive component) blocked by the blade edge section at which cleaning blade  415 A is in contact with photoconductor drum  413 . Furthermore, the amount of lubricant collected also varies depending on the amount of toner supplied to the blade edge section, and the amount of lubricant collected increases as the amount of lubricant toner supplied increases, whereas the amount of lubricant collected decreases as the amount of toner supplied decreases. That is, the amount of lubricant collection increases when a high coverage image is printed and the amount of lubricant collection decreases when a low coverage image is printed. 
     As described above, the relationship between the supply and collection of lubricant varies depending on the coverage of an image to be printed, and by extension, there is a difference in the amount of lubricant coated onto photoconductor drum  413  depending on the ratio of the supply and collection, resulting in a problem in that it is not possible to maintain the amount of lubricant coated onto photoconductor drum  413  to within an appropriate range. 
     Thus, in the present embodiment, control section  100  changes toner removing performance of toner removing section  416  based on the coverage rate of an input image to be imaged as toner consumption information and thereby performs control for adjusting the amount of lubricant coated onto photoconductor drum  413  (hereinafter referred to as “lubricant amount adjusting control”). 
     More specifically, control section  100  controls the driving current supplied to driving motor  418 A, changes a relative moving speed (linear speed ratio) of cleaning brush  418  with respect to photoconductor drum  413  and thereby changes the toner removing performance. Here, the “relative moving speed” refers to a relative moving distance per unit time of cleaning brush  418  with respect to photoconductor drum  413  at a position at which cleaning brush  418  comes into contact with photoconductor drum  413 . Note that the speed of cleaning brush  418  and the speed of photoconductor drum  413  at the contacting position will be described below as their respective circumferential speeds. The “toner removing performance” refers to performance of cleaning brush  418  that removes remaining toner on photoconductor drum  413 . 
     When the coverage rate of the input image is low, control section  100  performs control to increase the toner removing performance. More specifically, control section  100  controls the driving current supplied to driving motor  418 A so as to increase the relative moving speed of cleaning brush  418  with respect to photoconductor drum  413 . This causes the contact area per unit time between cleaning brush  418  and photoconductor drum  413  to increase, and cleaning brush  418  scrapes more remaining toner on photoconductor drum  413 . A small amount of remaining toner which has not been scraped but left on photoconductor drum  413  reaches cleaning blade  415 A and is blocked by the blade edge section of cleaning blade  415 A. When the amount of remaining toner blocked by the blade edge section decreases, the amount of lubricant collection decreases. Therefore, although the amount of lubricant supplied decreases, the amount of lubricant collection also decreases, and therefore the amount of lubricant on photoconductor drum  413  is maintained within an appropriate range without becoming excessively low. 
     On the other hand, when the coverage rate of the input image is high, control section  100  performs control to lower the toner removing performance. More specifically, control section  100  controls the driving current supplied to driving motor  418 A so as to lower the relative moving speed of cleaning brush  418  with respect to photoconductor drum  413 . This causes the contact area per unit time between cleaning brush  418  and photoconductor drum  413  to decrease, and therefore cleaning brush  418  scrapes less remaining toner on photoconductor drum  413 . A large volume of remaining toner which has not been scraped but left on photoconductor drum  413  reaches cleaning blade  415 A and is blocked by the blade edge section of cleaning blade  415 A. When the amount of remaining toner blocked by the blade edge section increases, the amount of lubricant collection increases. Therefore, although the amount of lubricant supplied increases, the amount of lubricant collection also increases, and therefore the amount of lubricant on photoconductor drum  413  is maintained within an appropriate range without becoming excessively high. 
       FIG. 4  is a flowchart of the lubricant amount adjusting control operation of image forming apparatus  1  according to the present embodiment. The processing in  FIG. 4  is executed, for example, every time control section  100  receives an instruction for executing a printing job. 
     First, control section  100  acquires a coverage rate of the input image corresponding to the printing job stored in storage section  72  (step S 100 ). The coverage rate of the input image is, for example, an average coverage rate per predetermined number of prints. 
     Next, at step S 100 , control section  100  determines whether the acquired coverage rate is less than 31[%] (step S 110 ). 
     Next, upon determining that the acquired coverage rate is less than 31[%] (that is, the amount of lubricant supplied is small) (step S 110 : YES), control section  100  controls toner removing section  416  so as to increase the toner removing performance of toner removing section  416  (step S 120 ). More specifically, control section  100  controls a driving current supplied to driving motor  418 A to increase a relative moving speed of cleaning brush  418  with respect to photoconductor drum  413  and reduce the amount of lubricant collection. 
     On the other hand, upon determining that the coverage rate is equal to or higher than 31[%] (that is, the amount of lubricant supplied is large) (step S 110 : NO), control section  100  controls toner removing section  416  so as to lower the toner removing performance of toner removing section  416  (step S 130 ). More specifically, control section  100  controls the driving current supplied to driving motor  418 A to lower the relative moving speed of cleaning brush  418  with respect to photoconductor drum  413  and increase the amount of lubricant collection. 
     As described above in detail, image forming apparatus  1  according to the present embodiment includes photoconductor drum  413 , cleaning brush  418  configured to remove remaining toner on photoconductor drum  413 , cleaning blade  415 A disposed on a downstream side of cleaning brush  418  in a rotational direction of photoconductor drum  413  and configured to scrape the remaining toner on photoconductor drum  413 , and control section  100  configured to increase, when the coverage rate of an input image is low, a relative moving speed of cleaning brush  418  with respect to photoconductor drum  413  to decrease the amount of lubricant collection and lower, on the other hand, when the coverage rate of the input image is high, the relative moving speed and increase the amount of lubricant collection. 
     According to the present embodiment including the configuration described above, even when printing at a low coverage rate continues and the amount of lubricant supplied onto photoconductor drum  413  is small, the amount of lubricant collection also decreases, and so the amount of lubricant is maintained to within an appropriate range without becoming excessively low. On the other hand, even when printing at a high coverage rate continues and the amount of lubricant supplied onto photoconductor drum  413  is large, the amount of lubricant collection also increases, and so the amount of lubricant s maintained within an appropriate range without becoming excessively high. 
     Note that a case has been described in the above embodiment as an example of changing the toner removing performance of toner removing section  416  where a driving current supplied to driving motor  418 A that rotates cleaning brush  418  is controlled, but the present invention is not limited to this. As modification 1, toner removing section  416  may be provided with voltage application section  418 B configured to apply a bias voltage for electrostatically suctioning the remaining toner to cleaning brush  418  as shown in  FIG. 5 . Control section  100  performs control so as to change the toner removing performance of toner removing section  416  by changing the bias voltage to be applied to cleaning brush  418 . 
     By applying a bias voltage (e.g., +200 [V]) to cleaning brush  418 , electrostatic attraction acts on the remaining toner charged to a negative polarity on photoconductor drum  413  in a direction from photoconductor drum  413  toward cleaning brush  418 . Thus, the remaining toner on photoconductor drum  413  can be easily scraped off by cleaning brush  418 . Control section  100  then controls voltage application section  418 B to increase the bias voltage so as to cause cleaning brush  418  to scrape more remaining toner. 
     When the coverage rate of the input image is low, control section  100  controls voltage application section  418 B so as to increase the bias voltage. As a result, more remaining toner is scraped off by cleaning brush  418 . 
     On the other hand, when the coverage rate of the input image is high, control section  100  controls voltage application section  418 B so as to decrease the bias voltage. As a result, less remaining toner is scraped off by cleaning brush  418 . 
     Note that the configurations of the above embodiment and modification 1 may be combined. That is, control section  100  may change the toner removing performance by changing the rotation speed of cleaning brush  418  and changing the bias voltage to be applied to cleaning brush  418 . 
     In addition, a voltage (e.g., +400 [V]) equal to or greater than the bias voltage (bias voltage applied to cleaning brush  418 ) for electrostatically suctioning the remaining toner may be applied to flicker roller  419 . As a result, electrostatic attraction in a direction from cleaning brush  418  toward flicker roller  419  acts on the toner electrostatically suctioned to cleaning brush  418 . Thus, the toner electrostatically suctioned to cleaning brush  418  is more easily picked up from cleaning brush  418  to flicker roller  419 . 
     Furthermore, as modification 2, control section  100  may also control the applied voltage of a grid electrode (not shown) of scorotron charger  417  so as to change the amount of charge of the remaining toner. 
     In modification 2, when the coverage rate of the input image is low, control section  100  may control the applied voltage of the grid electrode so as to lower the amount of charge of the remaining toner, for example. As the charged charge of the remaining toner decreases, the attaching force of the remaining toner to photoconductor drum  413  decreases, and therefore the remaining toner is more likely to be scraped by cleaning brush  418 . That is, more remaining toner is removed by cleaning brush  418 . 
     Furthermore, when the coverage rate of the input image is high, control section  100  controls the applied voltage of the grid electrode so that the amount of charge of the remaining toner increases. Since the attaching force of the remaining toner with respect to photoconductor drum  413  increases as the charged charge of the remaining toner increases, the remaining toner is less likely to be scraped by cleaning brush  418 . That is, less remaining toner is removed by cleaning brush  418 . Note that the configurations of the above embodiment, modification 1 and modification 2 may be combined to perform control to change the toner removing performance. 
     Furthermore, control section  100  may also perform control to change the toner removing performance based on the amount of lubricant coated onto photoconductor drum  413 . Note that a known means such as a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), which will be described later, is used to measure the amount of lubricant coated onto photoconductor drum  413 . In this way, it is possible to directly maintain the amount of lubricant coated onto photoconductor drum  413  within an appropriate range. Note that control section  100  may also perform control to change the toner removing performance based on a combination of any two or more factors of the coverage rate of the input image, the amount of toner consumption and the amount of lubricant coated onto photoconductor drum  413 . 
     A case has been described in the above embodiment where control section  100  controls toner removing section  416  so as to change the toner removing performance based on the coverage rate of the input image at first supply timing (at the time of normal printing) at which toner is supplied to a toner image formation region in photoconductor drum  413  based on the input image, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, control section  100  may also perform control to change the toner removing performance between first supply timing at which toner is supplied to the toner image formation region in photoconductor drum  413  and second supply timing at which toner is supplied between (images) the toner image formation region in photoconductor drum  413  and the next toner image formation region. Examples of the second supply timing include timing of forming a correction pattern to detect a positioning error between images, timing of forming a patch image to detect concentration and timing at which upstream color toner on intermediate transfer belt  421  is transferred to photoconductor drum  413  at the transfer nip of the downstream color. Note that the amount of transfer of the upstream color toner at this timing is calculated based on transfer efficiency when the toner is transferred from photoconductor drum  413  to intermediate transfer belt  421  and the reverse transfer efficiency when toner is reversely transferred from intermediate transfer belt  421  to photoconductor drum  413 . Control section  100  performs control to change the toner removing performance based on this calculation result. 
     Control section  100  performs control to change the toner removing performance between the first supply timing and the second supply timing. This is because the coverage rate at the second supply timing is different from (higher or lower than) the coverage rate at the first supply timing and the amount of toner or the amount of lubricant supplied to photoconductor drum  413  changes depending on the image correction pattern and the coverage of the upstream color, and the like. 
     A case of using cleaning brush  418  has been shown in the above embodiment as an example of toner removing section  416 , but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a roller which is rotatable while in contact with photoconductor drum  413  or a belt capable of running while in contact with photoconductor drum  413  may be used instead of cleaning brush  418 . In this case, control section  100  performs control to change the toner removing performance by changing the relative moving speed of the roller or belt with respect to photoconductor drum  413 . 
     Furthermore, a blade similar to cleaning blade  415 A may be disposed on the upstream side of cleaning blade  415 A in the rotational direction of photoconductor drum  413  and control section  100  may change the elasticity of the blade or change the gap between photoconductor drum  413  and the blade to thereby perform control to change the toner removing performance. 
     In addition, the above embodiment has merely described a specific example of implementing the present invention, and the technical scope of the present invention should by no means be interpreted restrictively. That is, the present invention can be implemented in various forms without departing from the spirit and scope or principal features of the present invention. 
     The present invention is applicable to an image forming system composed of a plurality of units including an image forming apparatus. Examples of the plurality of units include a post-processing apparatus, an external apparatus such as a control apparatus connected via a network, and the like. 
     Lastly, results of evaluation experiments (Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 and 2) conducted by the present inventors to confirm effectiveness in the above embodiment will be described. 
     [Configuration of Image Forming Apparatus According to Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 and 2] 
     Hereinafter, the results of the evaluation experiments will be described. An image forming apparatus having the configurations in  FIGS. 1 and 2  are used as an image forming apparatus according to Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 and 2. A photoconductor drum, a developing device, an intermediate transfer unit (transfer apparatus), a cleaning blade, a cleaning brush and a toner and the like have been set as follows. 
     (1) Photoconductor Drum 
     As the photoconductor drum, a drum-like organic photoconductor was used in which a photosensitive layer made of polycarbonate resin and having a thickness of 25 [μm] was formed on an outer circumferential surface of an aluminum drum-like metal substrate. The photoconductor drum was rotated at a circumferential speed of 400 [mm/sec]. 
     (2) Developing Device 
     The developing device used herein has a developing sleeve that is driven into rotation at a linear velocity of 600 [mm per minute] and has a configuration in which a developing bias having the same polarity as that of the surface of the photoconductor drum is applied to the developing sleeve and reversal development is performed by a two-component developer. 
     (3) Intermediate Transfer Unit 
     The intermediate transfer belt used herein is an endless belt made of polyimide resin having conductivity. A primary transfer roller that makes pressure contact with a photoconductor drum with the belt therebetween is provided, and a primary transfer bias having a polarity opposite to the charging polarity of the toner is applied to the primary transfer roller. 
     (4) Cleaning Blade 
     The cleaning blade used herein is made of urethane rubber, and has an impact resilience coefficient of 501[%] (25° C.), a JISA hardness of 70 degrees, a thickness of 2.00 [mm], a free length of 10 [mm], and a width of 324 [mm]. The cleaning blade is brought into contact with the photoconductor drum. The cleaning blade is set to have a contact load of 20 [N/m] and a contact angle of 15 degrees with respect to the photoconductor drum. 
     (5) Cleaning Brush 
     The cleaning brush used herein is a conductive fur brush made of a conductive nylon fiber (resistance 108[Ω], a thickness of 20 [μm], a fiber density of 3.0×108 fibers/m 2 ), with brush wool having a length of 3 mm and a roller diameter of φ14 [mm]. The rotational direction of the cleaning brush is the same direction (accompanying direction) as that of the photoconductor drum. The relative moving speed of the cleaning brush with respect to the photoconductor drum (linear speed ratio) θ is made to be changeable within a range of 1.1 to 1.75 by controlling the driving current supplied to the driving motor that drives the cleaning brush to rotate. 
     (6) Toner 
     The toner of the two-component developer used herein is produced by an emulsion polymerization method, composed of toner particles having a volume-mean particle diameter of 6.5 [μm] and having negative charging property. The resultant obtained by adding 0.2 pts. wt. of zinc stearate to the toner particles as lubricant was used as the toner. 
     &lt;Effect of Homogenization of Lubricant&gt; 
     An experiment was conducted regarding the kind of effect the amount of toner supplied onto the cleaning blade has on the amount of lubricant coated onto the photoconductor drum using the above-described image forming apparatus. 
     The amount of toner supplied to the cleaning blade was changed from 0 [g/m 2 ] to 0.6 [g/m 2 ], the photoconductor drum was caused to make 30 revolutions, and the amount of lubricant coated onto the photoconductor drum was then measured using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR). 
       FIG. 6  is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the amount of toner supplied to the cleaning blade and the amount of lubricant coated onto the photoconductor drum. As shown in  FIG. 6 , the amount of lubricant coated onto the photoconductor drum differs depending on the amount of toner supplied to the cleaning blade and the amount of lubricant decreased as the supply amount increased from 0.1 [g/m 2 ] to 0.2 [g/m 2 ], 0.6 [g/m 2 ]. 
     Table 1 shows a configuration and a relative moving speed of the cleaning brush with respect to the photoconductor drum (linear speed ratio) 0 according to Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Relative Moving Speed of Cleaning 
               
               
                   
                 Brush (Linear Speed Ratio) θ 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Coverage Rate of 
                   
                 Comparative 
                 Comparative 
               
               
                   
                 Input Image [%] 
                 Example 1 
                 Example 1 
                 Example 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 2 
                 1.75 
                 No Brush 
                 1.4 
               
               
                   
                 20 
                 1.4 
                 No Brush 
                 1.4 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 1.1 
                 No Brush 
                 1.4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In Table 1, “No Brush” in the item “Relative Moving Speed θ” indicates that the cleaning brush is excluded from the configuration. For example, “1.4” of the item “Relative Moving Speed θ” indicates that (circumferential speed of the cleaning brush/circumferential speed of the photoconductor drum) is 1.4 times. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a relationship between the coverage rate of an input image and the amount of lubricant coated onto the photoconductor drum (photoconductor lubricant amount converted value) according to Example 1, Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Note that the photoconductor lubricant amount converted value is based on an FT-IR measured value. 
     Example 1 
     Example 1 adopts a configuration with the cleaning blade and the cleaning brush. It is assumed that relative moving speed θ is 1.75 for a low coverage rate of 2[%], 1.4 for a medium coverage rate of 20[%] and 1.1 for a high coverage rate of 40[%]. 
     In Example 1, the amount of lubricant on the photoconductor drum is approximately 0.55 for a low coverage rate of 21[%] and approximately 0.7 for a high coverage rate of 40[%] as shown in  FIG. 7 . It has been found from above that the difference between the amount of lubricant for the low coverage rate and the amount of lubricant for the high coverage rate is approximately 0.15. This shows that the difference in the amount of lubricant for the low coverage rate and for the high coverage rate according to Example 1 is smaller than the difference in the amount of lubricant for the low coverage rate and for the high coverage rate according to Comparative Examples 1 and 2 (which will be described later) and that the amount of lubricant on the photoconductor drum is maintained to within an appropriate range. 
     Comparative Example 1 
     Comparative Example 1 adopts a configuration with only the cleaning blade without the cleaning brush. In Comparative Example 1, the amount of lubricant is approximately 0.4 for a low coverage rate of 21[%] and approximately 0.6 for a high coverage rate of 40[%]. This shows that the difference between the amount of lubricant for the low coverage rate and the amount of lubricant for the high coverage rate is approximately 0.2. 
     Comparative Example 2 
     Comparative Example 2 adopts a configuration with the cleaning blade and the cleaning brush. Furthermore, relative moving speed θ is assumed to be fixed to 1.4 irrespective of the coverage rate. In Comparative Example 2, the amount of lubricant is approximately 0.5 for a low coverage rate of 2[%] and approximately 0.9 for a high coverage rate of 40[%]. This shows that the difference between the amount of lubricant for the low coverage rate and the amount of lubricant for the high coverage rate is approximately 0.4. 
     &lt;Comparison in Effects of Solving Image Problem&gt; 
     Table 2 shows situations of toner slippage and situations of grain unevenness according to Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 respectively. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
            
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Number of 
                 Coverage Rate of Input Image 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Passing Sheets 
                 1 [%] 
                 5 [%] 
                 10 [%] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Example 1 
                 10 
                 N 
                 N 
                 N 
               
               
                   
                 500 
                 N 
                 N 
                 N 
               
               
                   
                 2000 
                 N 
                 N 
                 N 
               
               
                 Example 2 
                 10 
                 N 
                 N 
                 N 
               
               
                   
                 500 
                 N 
                 N 
                 N 
               
               
                   
                 2000 
                 N 
                 N 
                 N 
               
               
                 Example 3 
                 10 
                 N 
                 N 
                 N 
               
               
                   
                 500 
                 N 
                 N 
                 N 
               
               
                   
                 2000 
                 N 
                 N 
                 N 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 10 
                 N 
                 N 
                 N 
               
               
                 Example 1 
                 500 
                 “F” Grain 
                 N 
                 N 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Unevenness 
               
               
                   
                 2000 
                 “F” Grain 
                 “F” Grain 
                 “F” Grain 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Unevenness 
                 Unevenness 
                 Unevenness 
               
               
                   
                   
                 “F” CL 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Failure 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 10 
                 N 
                 N 
                 N 
               
               
                 Example 2 
                 500 
                 N 
                 N 
                 N 
               
               
                   
                 2000 
                 “F” Grain 
                 N 
                 N 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Unevenness 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In Table 2, for example, “10” in the item “Number of Passing Sheets” indicates that the number of continuous prints is 10. “N” in the item “Coverage Rate” indicates that neither toner slippage nor grain unevenness has occurred. ““F” CL Failure” in the same item indicates that a toner slippage has occurred at the coverage rate. Whether toner slippage has occurred was checked based on whether toner slippage noise due to cleaning failure occurred on an image when the number of passing sheets shown in the table corresponding to the coverage rate shown in the table were continuously printed in an environment with a temperature of 10° C. and a humidity of 20[%]. ““F” grain unevenness” in the same item indicates that grain unevenness has occurred at the coverage rate. Whether grain unevenness has occurred was checked based on whether grain unevenness has occurred when one sheet of a half image with a coverage rate of 70[%] was printed immediately after the above-described continuous printing. 
     Experiment Method and Experiment Result in Example 1 
     Example 1 adopts a configuration with the cleaning blade and the cleaning brush. It is assumed that relative moving speed θ is 1.77 for a coverage rate of 1[%], 1.7 for a coverage rate of 5[%] and 1.6 for a coverage rate of 10[%]. 
     In Example 1, since relative moving speed θ was assumed to be 1.77 for the coverage rate of 1[%], no grain unevenness occurred when 2000 sheets were continuously printed. Since relative moving speed θ was fixed to 1.4 for the coverage rate of 1[%], this is different from Comparative Example 2 where grain unevenness occurred. By setting relative moving speed θ to 1.77 for the coverage rate of 1[%], the cleaning brush removes a large amount of toner on the photoconductor drum and the amount of toner supplied that reaches (is supplied to) the cleaning blade decreases. This reduced the action of scraping lubricant coated onto the photoconductor drum, maintained the amount of lubricant to within an appropriate range and could thereby prevent the occurrence of grain unevenness. 
     Experiment Method and Experiment Result in Example 2 
     Example 2 adopts a configuration with the cleaning blade and the cleaning brush. Furthermore, relative moving speed θ was fixed to 1.4 irrespective of the coverage rate. Furthermore, a bias voltage (+200 [V]) was applied to the cleaning brush. Furthermore, a bias voltage (+400 [V]) was applied to the flicker roller. 
     In Example 2, no quality problem occurred when 10 to 2000 sheets were continuously printed at a coverage rate of 1[%] to 10[%]. By applying a bias voltage (+200 [V]) to the cleaning brush, the cleaning brush can scrape the toner more easily. Thus, the amount of toner reaching the cleaning blade decreases. This reduces the action of scraping the lubricant coated onto the photoconductor drum, maintains the amount of lubricant to within an appropriate range, and can prevent the occurrence of grain unevenness. 
     Experiment Method and Experiment Result in Example 3 
     Example 3 adopts a configuration with the cleaning blade and the cleaning brush. Furthermore, relative moving speed θ was fixed to 1.4 irrespective of the coverage rate. A scorotron charger including a scorotron electrode was provided and a DC+500 [V] was applied to the scorotron electrode. 
     In Example 3, when 10 to 2000 sheets were continuously printed, no quality problem occurred at a coverage rate of 1[%] to 10[%]. DC+500 [V] is applied to the scorotron electrode, and charge with the charging polarity (minus polarity) and the reverse polarity (plus) is thereby applied to the toner on the photoconductor drum, the charged charge of the toner decreases, whereby the cleaning brush can scrape the toner on the photoconductor drum more easily. For this reason, the amount of toner that reaches the cleaning blade decreases. This reduces the action of scraping the lubricant coated onto the photoconductor drum, maintains the amount of lubricant to within an appropriate range, and can prevent the occurrence of grain unevenness. 
     Comparative Example 1 
     Comparative Example 1 excludes the cleaning brush and adopts a configuration with only the cleaning blade. When the number of continuous prints was 10, no quality problem occurred at a coverage rate of 1[%] to 10[%], but when the number of continuous prints was 500, grain unevenness occurred at a coverage rate of 1[%]. Furthermore, when the number of continuous prints was 2000, grain unevenness and CL failure occurred at a coverage rate of 1[%] and grain unevenness occurred at coverage rates of 5[%] and 10[%]. 
     Comparative Example 2 
     Comparative Example 2 adopts a configuration with the cleaning blade and the cleaning brush. Relative moving speed θ was fixed to 1.4 irrespective of the coverage rate. When the number of continuous prints was 10 and 500, no quality problem occurred at a coverage rate of 1[%] to 10[%], but when the number of continuous prints was 2000, grain unevenness occurred at a coverage rate of 1[%]. 
     REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
     
         
           1  Image forming apparatus 
           10  Image reading section 
           20  Operation display section 
           21  Display section 
           22  Operation section 
           30  Image processing section 
           40  Image forming section 
           50  Sheet conveyance section 
           60  Fixing section 
           71  Communication section 
           72  Storage section 
           100  Control section 
           101  CPU 
           102  ROM 
           413  Photoconductor drum 
           415 A Cleaning blade 
           416  Toner removing section 
           417  Scorotron charger 
           418  Cleaning brush 
           418 B Voltage application section