Patent Publication Number: US-2023158622-A1

Title: Processing machine

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a processing machine. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     For example, Japanese Utility Model Laying-Open No. 4-128134 (PTL 1) discloses an NC lathe including a main tool changer including an intermediate pot and an auxiliary tool changer that transfers a tool between a tool magazine and the intermediate pot. The main tool changer moves from a tool transfer position located on a tool magazine side in a processing area to an optimum Z-axis changing position in the processing area, and performs tool change between the intermediate pot and a tool rest. 
     In addition, Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2009-34803 (PTL 2) discloses a machine tool including a tool changing unit that travels between a tool magazine position and a changing position to convey a tool, and a splash guard that covers the processing area. The tool changing unit moves from a plurality of changing positions to the selected changing position, and performs the tool change between the tool changing unit and the tool spindle. In the splash guard, a shutter is disposed corresponding to each of the plurality of changing positions. 
     CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
     PTL 1: Japanese Utility Model Laying-Open No. 4-128134 
     PTL 2: Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2009-34803 
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
     In the NC lathe disclosed in PTL 1, the main tool changer waits at the tool transfer position in the processing area while the tool of the next process is inserted into the intermediate pot. In this case, the main tool changer at the standby position is exposed to atmosphere in the processing area, so that there is a possibility that cutting oil, chips, or the like adheres to the main tool changer. 
     In the machine tool disclosed in PTL 2, the shutter that can be opened and closed is provided in the splash guard in order to enable the tool change between the tool spindle in the processing area and the tool changing unit traveling outside the processing area. In this case, because the space at which the shutter performs the opening and closing operation is required to be secured, a size of the machine tool becomes large. 
     An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a processing machine capable of preventing cutting oil, chips, or the like from adhering to an automatic tool changer while miniaturization is achieved. 
     Solution to Problem 
     A processing machine according to the present invention includes a splash guard that defines and forms a processing area, a tool holder that is provided inside the processing area and holds a tool, and an automatic tool changer that is movable between a first tool changing position inside the processing area and a standby position outside the processing area and changes the tool held by the tool holder at the first tool changing position. The splash guard includes a cover body that is coupled to the automatic tool changer, defines and forms the processing area when the automatic tool changer is positioned at the standby position, and enters the inside of the processing area when the automatic tool changer moves from the standby position to the first tool changing position. 
     According to the processing machine configured as described above, when the automatic tool changer is positioned at the standby position outside the processing area, the cover body defines and forms the processing area, so that cutting oil, chips, or the like in the processing area can be prevented from adhering to the automatic tool changer. In addition, when the automatic tool changer moves from the standby position to the first tool changing position in the processing area, the cover body enters the inside of the processing area together with the automatic tool changer, so that a size of the processing machine can be reduced. 
     Preferably, the processing machine further includes a workpiece spindle that holds the workpiece and rotates the workpiece about a rotation axis parallel to the horizontal direction. The automatic tool changer is movable in the axial direction of the rotation axis inside the processing area. 
     According to the processing machine configured as described above, the automatic tool changer moves in the rotation axis direction of the workpiece spindle in the processing area, so that the automatic tool changer and the tool holder can be brought close to each other in a shorter time. Thus, the time required for tool change between the automatic tool changer and the tool holder can be shortened. 
     Preferably, the processing machine further includes a tool magazine that is provided outside the processing area and stores a plurality of tools. The automatic tool changer is further movable between the standby position and a second tool changing position outside the processing area, and changes the tool between the tool magazine and the automatic tool changer at the second tool changing position. The processing machine further includes a first coupling mechanism operable between a first state in which the automatic tool changer and the cover body are coupled by the first coupling mechanism when the automatic tool changer is positioned at the standby position and a second state in which the coupling between the automatic tool changer and the cover body is released when the automatic tool changer moves from the standby position to the second tool changing position. 
     According to the processing machine configured as described above, when the automatic tool changer is positioned at the standby position, the automatic tool changer and the cover body are coupled by the first coupling mechanism, so that the cover body can immediately enter the inside of the processing area together with the automatic tool changer during the change of the tool held by the tool holder. In addition, when the automatic tool changer moves from the standby position to the second tool changing position, the first coupling mechanism releases the coupling between the automatic tool changer and the cover body, so that it is possible to direct only the automatic tool changer to the second tool changing position where the tool magazine is located while the state in which the processing area is defined and formed by the cover body is maintained. 
     Preferably, the splash guard further includes a guard body having an opening in which the cover body is disposed when the automatic tool changer is positioned at the standby position. The processing machine further includes a second coupling mechanism operable between a third state in which the guard body and the cover body are coupled by the coupling mechanism when the automatic tool changer is positioned in the standby position and a fourth state in which the coupling between the guard body and the cover body is released when the automatic tool changer moves from the standby position to the first tool changing position. 
     According to the processing machine configured as described above, when the automatic tool changer is positioned at the standby position, the guard body and the cover body are coupled by the second coupling mechanism, whereby the cover body is more firmly fixed to the guard body. Thus, leakage of cutting oil, chips, or the like can reliably prevented from the inside to the outside of the processing area. When the automatic tool changer moves from the standby position to the first tool changing position, the second coupling mechanism releases the coupling between the guard body and the cover body, so that the cover body entering the processing area from the guard body can be separated. 
     Preferably, the automatic tool changer includes an arm portion capable of turning about a turning axis parallel to a horizontal direction, and the arm portion includes a gripping portion capable of gripping a tool. The cover body is disposed on a side of the arm portion. 
     According to the processing machine configured as described above, the cover body is disposed on the side of the arm portion. Thus, during the tool change between the automatic tool changer and the tool holder, the arm portion and the cover body can be prevented from interfering with each other when the arm portion turns about the turning axis parallel to the horizontal direction to perform the tool change. 
     Advantageous Effects of Invention 
     As described above, according to the present invention, the processing machine capable of preventing cutting oil, chips, or the like from adhering to the automatic tool changer while the size is reduced can be provided. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         FIG.  1    is a front view illustrating a processing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG.  2    is a perspective view illustrating attachment and detachment of a tool spindle and an additive-manufacturing head in the processing machine in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  3    is a perspective view illustrating a structure supplying a laser beam and a material powder to the additive-manufacturing head in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  4    is another perspective view illustrating the structure supplying the laser beam and the material powder to the additive-manufacturing head in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  5    is a front view schematically illustrating a first process of a processing flow of a workpiece in the processing machine in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  6    is a front view schematically illustrating a second process of the processing flow of the workpiece in the processing machine in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  7    is a front view schematically illustrating a third process of the processing flow of the workpiece in the processing machine in  FIG.  1   . 
         FIG.  8    is a perspective view illustrating the processing machine when an automatic tool changer is positioned at a standby position. 
         FIG.  9    is another perspective view illustrating the processing machine when the automatic tool changer is positioned at the standby position. 
         FIG.  10    is a perspective view illustrating the processing machine when the automatic tool changer is positioned at an internal-side tool changing position. 
         FIG.  11    is another perspective view illustrating the processing machine when the automatic tool changer is positioned at the internal-side tool changing position. 
         FIG.  12    is an enlarged perspective view illustrating the automatic tool changer in  FIG.  9   . 
         FIG.  13    is a sectional view illustrating a range surrounded by a two-dot chain line XIII in  FIG.  12   . 
         FIG.  14    is a sectional view illustrating a range surrounded by a two-dot chain line XIV in  FIG.  12   . 
         FIG.  15    is a sectional view illustrating a range surrounded by a two-dot chain line XV in  FIG.  12   . 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT 
     An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings referred to below, the same or corresponding member is denoted by the same reference numeral. 
       FIG.  1    is a front view illustrating a processing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. In  FIG.  1   , an inside of the processing machine is illustrated by seeing through an exterior cover having an appearance of the processing machine.  FIG.  2    is a perspective view illustrating attachment and detachment of a tool spindle and an additive-manufacturing head in the processing machine in  FIG.  1   . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  1  and  2   , a processing machine  100  is an AM/SM hybrid processing machine capable of performing additive manufacturing (AM) processing for a workpiece and subtractive manufacturing (SM) processing for a workpiece. 
     Processing machine  100  has a turning function using a stationary tool and a milling function using a rotating tool as a function of SM processing. 
     Processing machine  100  is a numerically control (NC) processing machine in which various operations for workpiece processing are automated by numerical control of a computer. 
     In the present specification, an axis parallel to a left-right direction (width direction) of processing machine  100  and extending in a horizontal direction is referred to as a “Z-axis (first axis)”, an axis parallel to a front-rear direction (depth direction) of processing machine  100  and extending in the horizontal direction is referred to as a “Y-axis (second axis)”, and an axis extending in a vertical direction is referred to as an “X-axis”. A right direction in  FIG.  1    is referred to as “+Z-axis direction”, and a left direction is referred to as “−Z-axis direction”. In  FIG.  1   , a front direction of a paper surface is referred to as a “+Y-axis direction”, and a back direction is referred to as a “−Y-axis direction”. In  FIG.  1   , an upward direction is referred to as a “+X-axis direction”, and a downward direction is referred to as a “−X-axis direction”. The X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis are three axes orthogonal to each other. 
     First, an overall structure of processing machine  100  will be described. Processing machine  100  includes a splash guard  181 . Splash guard  181  defines and forms a processing area  110  where the workpiece is processed. 
     Processing machine  100  further includes a bed  151 , a first workpiece spindle  111 , a second workpiece spindle  116 , and a tool rest (not illustrated). 
     Bed  151  is a base member supporting first workpiece spindle  111 , second workpiece spindle  116 , the tool rest, and the like, and is installed on a floor of a factory or the like. 
     First workpiece spindle  111  and second workpiece spindle  116  are disposed opposite to each other in the Z-axis direction. First workpiece spindle  111  and second workpiece spindle  116  are configured to be able to hold the workpiece. A chuck mechanism (not illustrated) detachably holding the workpiece is provided in first workpiece spindle  111  and second workpiece spindle  116 . First workpiece spindle  111  mainly rotates the held workpiece about a rotation axis  501  parallel to the Z-axis during turning of the workpiece using a fixed tool. Second workpiece spindle  116  mainly rotates the held workpiece about a rotation axis  502  parallel to the Z-axis during the turning of the workpiece using the fixed tool. 
     First workpiece spindle  111  is fixed to bed  151 . Second workpiece spindle  116  is provided to be movable in the Z-axis direction by various feed mechanisms, guide mechanisms, servomotors, and the like. Second workpiece spindle  116  may be configured to be fixed to bed  151 . A tailstock supporting the rotation center of the workpiece held by first workpiece spindle  111  may be provided instead of second workpiece spindle  116 . 
     The tool rest (not illustrated) is provided in processing area  110 . The tool rest is configured to be able to hold a plurality of fixing tools for workpiece subtractive manufacturing (turning). The tool rest is supported by bed  151  with a saddle or the like (not illustrated) interposed therebetween. The tool rest is provided movably in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction by various feed mechanisms, guide mechanisms, servomotors, and the like provided in the saddle or the like. The tool rest may have a milling function for rotating the rotating tool. 
     Processing machine  100  further includes a first longitudinal frame  152 , a second longitudinal frame  153 , a first transverse frame  154 , and a second transverse frame  311  (see  FIG.  3    described later). 
     First longitudinal frame  152  and second longitudinal frame  153  have a columnar shape in which the X-axis direction (vertical direction) is a longer direction. First longitudinal frame  152  and second longitudinal frame  153  are provided apart from each other in the Z-axis direction. Lower ends of first longitudinal frame  152  and second longitudinal frame  153  are connected to bed  151 . 
     First transverse frame  154  and second transverse frame  311  have a beam shape in which the Z-axis direction (left-right direction) is the longer direction. First transverse frame  154  and second transverse frame  311  are made of a pipe member having a rectangular closed section. 
     First transverse frame  154  and second transverse frame  311  are provided apart from each other in the Y-axis direction. First transverse frame  154  is provided at a position shifted in the +Y-axis direction from second transverse frame  311 . Both ends of first transverse frame  154  in the Z-axis direction are connected to upper ends of first longitudinal frame  152  and second longitudinal frame  153 , respectively. Both ends of second transverse frame  311  in the Z-axis direction are connected to upper ends of first longitudinal frame  152  and second longitudinal frame  153 , respectively. 
     First longitudinal frame  152 , second longitudinal frame  153 , first transverse frame  154 , and second transverse frame  311  form a gate-shaped frame structure on bed  151 . 
     Processing machine  100  further includes a saddle  161 , a cross slide  162 , and a ram  163 . 
     Saddle  161  is supported by bed  151 . Saddle  161  is provided on bed  151  and between first longitudinal frame  152  and second longitudinal frame  153  in the Z-axis direction. Saddle  161  has a shape rising upward from bed  151  toward first transverse frame  154  and second transverse frame  311 . Saddle  161  is provided to be movable in the Z-axis direction by various feed mechanisms, guide mechanisms, servomotors, and the like provided on bed  151  and the like. 
     Cross slide  162  is supported by saddle  161 . Cross slide  162  has a flat plate shape parallel to the X-axis-Z-axis plane as a whole. Cross slide  162  is attached to a front surface of saddle  161  facing the +Y-axis direction. Cross slide  162  is provided to be movable in the X-axis direction (vertical direction) by various feed mechanisms, guide mechanisms, servomotors, and the like provided on saddle  161  and the like. 
     Ram  163  is supported by cross slide  162 . Ram  163  has a cylindrical shape extending along the Y-axis direction as a whole. Ram  163  is provided so as to penetrate cross slide  162  and to protrude into processing area  110  in the Y-axis direction. Ram  163  is provided movably in the Y-axis direction by various feed mechanisms, guide mechanisms, servomotors, and the like provided on cross slide  162  and the like. 
     Processing machine  100  further includes a tool spindle  121 . Tool spindle  121  is provided in processing area  110 . Tool spindle  121  is configured to be able to hold the rotating tool for workpiece subtractive manufacturing (milling). Tool spindle  121  is provided with a clamp mechanism (not illustrated) detachably holding the rotating tool. Tool spindle  121  rotates the held rotating tool about a rotation axis  503  parallel to the X-axis-Z-axis plane during the milling of the workpiece using the rotating tool. 
     Tool spindle  121  is supported by ram  163 . Tool spindle  121  is connected to a tip of ram  163  in the +Y-axis direction. Tool spindle  121  is three-dimensionally movable in processing area  110  by the movement of saddle  161  in the Z-axis direction, the movement of cross slide  162  in the X-axis direction, and the movement of ram  163  in the Y-axis direction. 
     Tool spindle  121  is further provided so as to be turnable about a turning axis  504  parallel to the Y-axis (B-axis turning). A turning range of tool spindle  121  is preferably within a range greater than or equal to ±90° with respect to a reference posture (posture in  FIGS.  1  and  2   ) in which a spindle end face  122  of tool spindle  121  faces downward. As an example, the turning range of tool spindle  121  is a range of ±120° with respect to the reference posture. 
     Processing machine  100  further includes an automatic tool changer (ATC)  141  and a tool magazine  171 . 
     Tool magazine  171  accommodates a plurality of rotating tools T used for milling the workpiece. Tool magazine  171  is provided outside processing area  110 . Tool magazine  171  is provided on the opposite side of processing area  110  across first workpiece spindle  111  (first longitudinal frame  152 ). First workpiece spindle  111  (first longitudinal frame  152 ) is disposed between tool magazine  171  and processing area  110  in the Z-axis direction. 
     Automatic tool changer  141  is configured to be able to exchange tools between tool spindle  121  in processing area  110  and tool magazine  171  outside processing area  110 . 
     Automatic tool changer  141  is supported by first transverse frame  154 . Automatic tool changer  141  is movable in the Z-axis direction by various feed mechanisms, guide mechanisms, servomotors, and the like provided on first transverse frame  154  and the like. 
     Automatic tool changer  141  is movable between a standby position (position of automatic tool changer  141  in  FIG.  1   ) that is located outside processing area  110  and above first workpiece spindle  111  and at which automatic tool changer  141  waits, an internal-side tool changing position that is located inside processing area  110  and at an arbitrary coordinate in the Z-axis direction and at which automatic tool changer  141  performs tool change with tool spindle  121 , and a magazine-side tool changing position that is located outside processing area  110  and on an opposite side of the internal-side tool changing position with the standby position interposed therebetween and at which automatic tool changer  141  performs tool replacement with tool magazine  171 . 
     Automatic tool changer  141  and a cover structure around automatic tool changer  141  will be described in detail later. 
     Processing machine  100  further includes additive-manufacturing head  131 . Additive-manufacturing head  131  performs additive manufacturing (directed energy deposition) by ejecting the material powder and irradiating the workpiece with laser beam. Metal powder such as stainless steel, Stellite, Inconel, or titanium can be used as the material powder. The material powder is not limited to the metal powder. 
     Additive-manufacturing head  131  includes a head body  132  and a laser tool  133 . The laser beam and the material powder are introduced into head body  132 . Laser tool  133  emits the laser beam toward the workpiece and determines an irradiation region of the laser beam on the workpiece. The material powder introduced into additive-manufacturing head  131  is discharged toward the workpiece through a nozzle (not illustrated). 
     Processing machine  100  includes a plurality of laser tools  133 . The plurality of laser tools  133  are different in the shape and/or a size of the irradiation region of the laser beam defined on the workpiece. Any one of the plurality of laser tools  133  is selectively mounted on head body  132  in accordance with a condition of the additive manufacturing to be executed. 
     Additive-manufacturing head  131  further includes a disk portion  136 . Disk portion  136  has a disk shape in which a thickness direction is the Y-axis direction. Disk portion  136  is connected to head body  132 . Disk portion  136  is provided at a position bent at a right angle from the front end portion of head body  132  in the +Y-axis direction. Tool spindle  121  includes a front surface portion  124  and a side surface portion  123 . Front surface portion  124  faces the +Y-axis direction. Side surface portion  123  faces the +Z-axis direction in the reference posture of tool spindle  121 . 
     Additive-manufacturing head  131  is detachably attached to tool spindle  121 . Additive-manufacturing head  131  is mounted on tool spindle  121  such that head body  132  is opposite to side surface portion  123  and such that disk portion  136  is opposite to front surface portion  124 . 
     Additive-manufacturing head  131  (disk portion  136 ) and the tool spindle (front surface portion  124 ) have a built-in clamp mechanism using spring force or the like. When additive-manufacturing head  131  is mounted on tool spindle  121 , the clamp mechanism operates to connect additive-manufacturing head  131  to tool spindle  121 . Additive-manufacturing head  131  is connected to tool spindle  121  to be integrally movable with tool spindle  121  in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction. 
       FIGS.  3  and  4    are perspective views illustrating a structure supplying the laser beam and the material powder to the additive-manufacturing head in  FIG.  1   . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  1  to  4   , processing machine  100  further includes a material powder supply device  341 , a laser oscillation device  342 , and a line body  210 . 
     Material powder supply device  341  and laser oscillation device  342  are installed outside processing area  110 . Material powder supply device  341  feeds the material powder used for the additive manufacturing toward additive-manufacturing head  131 . Laser oscillation device  342  oscillates the laser beam used for the additive manufacturing. 
     Line body  210  supplies the material powder from material powder supply device  341  to additive-manufacturing head  131 , and supplies the laser beam from laser oscillation device  342  to additive-manufacturing head  131 . Line body  210  extends from additive-manufacturing head  131 . Line body  210  is drawn from the inside to the outside of processing area  110 , and connected to material powder supply device  341  and laser oscillation device  342 . 
     Line body  210  has flexibility, and can be bent and deformed when receiving external force. Line body  210  includes an optical fiber guiding the laser beam, a pipe guiding the material powder, an air pipe serving as a flow path of air, a gas pipe serving as a flow path of an inert gas, a cooling pipe serving as a flow path of a refrigerant, electric wiring, and a flexible tube  211  accommodating these. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  3  and  4   , processing machine  100  further includes a support  221 . Support  221  is provided outside processing area  110 . Support  221  supports line body  210  drawn from processing area  110  outside processing area  110 . Support  221  is provided above additive-manufacturing head  131 . Support  221  is supported by first transverse frame  154  and second transverse frame  311 . 
     Support  221  includes a base  331 , a pulley portion  332 , and a coil spring (elastic member)  333 . 
     Base  331  is provided on first transverse frame  154  and second transverse frame  311 . Base  331  is provided across first transverse frame  154  and second transverse frame  311  in top view. Line body  210  drawn from the inside to the outside of processing area  110  is routed on base  331 . Line body  210  routed on base  331  is inserted into cable bear (registered trademark) (not illustrated) that can stroke in the Z-axis direction, and then extends toward material powder supply device  341  and laser oscillation device  342 . 
     Pulley portion  332  is supported by base  331 . Pulley portion  332  is provided so as to be rotatable about a rotation axis  526  parallel to the X-axis direction (vertical direction) and to be slidable in the Y-axis direction. 
     One end of coil spring  333  is connected to pulley portion  332 . The other end of coil spring  333  is connected to base  331  with a bracket  334  interposed therebetween. Coil spring  333  applies elastic force in the −Y-axis direction to pulley portion  332 . Coil spring  333  applies the elastic force in the direction away from processing area  110  in top view to pulley portion  332 . 
     Flexible tube  211  is made of a flexible tube. Flexible tube  211  extends between the inside and the outside of processing area  110 . One end  211   p  of flexible tube  211  is disposed inside processing area  110 . The other end  211   q  of flexible tube  211  is disposed outside processing area  110 . 
     Flexible tube  211  drawn from the inside to the outside of processing area  110  extends in the −Y-axis direction on base  331 . Flexible tube  211  is wound around pulley portion  332 , is inverted by 180°, and extends in the +Y-axis direction. The other end  211   q  of flexible tube  211  is fixed to base  331  at the tip of flexible tube  211  extending in the +Y-axis direction. 
     Pulley portion  332  and coil spring  333  constitute a tension applying mechanism  335 . Tension applying mechanism  335  applies tension in the direction away from additive-manufacturing head  131  in processing area  110  to line body  210  (flexible tube  211 ). Tension applying mechanism  335  applies tensile force from the inside to the outside of processing area  110  to line body  210  (flexible tube  211 ). 
     According to such the configuration, deflection of line body  210  in processing area  110  can be prevented. When pulley portion  332  slides in the Y-axis direction, the length of line body  210  in processing area  111  can be automatically adjusted in accordance with the position of additive-manufacturing head  131 . 
     The elastic member constituting tension applying mechanism  335  is not particularly limited, and for example, a gas spring may be used instead of coil spring  333 . 
     Processing machine  100  further includes a first guide mechanism  370  and a second guide mechanism  360 . First guide mechanism  370  and second guide mechanism  360  guide support  221  along the Z-axis direction. First guide mechanism  370  and second guide mechanism  360  are provided apart from each other in the Y-axis direction. 
     Support  221  further includes a block  336 . Block  336  is fixed to base  331 . Block  336  is opposite to first transverse frame  154  in the Y-axis direction. 
     First guide mechanism  370  includes rail  155  and a slider  372 . First guide mechanism  370  includes two sets of rails  155  and sliders  372 . Rail  155  is attached to first transverse frame  154 . Rail  155  extends in the Z-axis direction. Slider  372  is attached to block  336 . Slider  372  is engaged with rail  155  with a plurality of balls (not illustrated) interposed therebetween. Slider  372  and rail  155  constitute a linear guide mechanism in the Z-axis direction. 
     Second guide mechanism  360  is provided at a position away from first guide mechanism  370  in the -Y-axis direction. Second guide mechanism  360  includes a rail  312 . Rail  312  is attached to second transverse frame  311 . Rail  312  extends in the Z-axis direction. A pair of first rollers sandwiching rail  312  from both sides in the Y-axis direction and rotatable about a rotation axis parallel to the X-axis direction and a pair of second rollers sandwiching the rail  312  from both sides in the X-axis direction and rotatable about a rotation axis parallel to the Y-axis direction are attached to support  221  (base  331 ). 
     Referring to  FIG.  4   , processing machine  100  further includes a coupling mechanism  380 . Coupling mechanism  380  includes an air cylinder  382  and a block  381 . 
     Block  381  is attached to saddle  161 . A pin insertion hole (not illustrated) is made in block  381 . Air cylinder  382  is attached to support  221 . Air cylinder  382  includes a pin (not illustrated) movable forward and backward in the Y-axis direction. A state in which tool spindle  121  and support  221  are coupled to each other is obtained when the pins of air cylinder  382  is inserted into the pin insertion holes made in block  381 , and a state in which the coupling between tool spindle  121  and support  221  is released is obtained when the pins of air cylinder  382  is removed from the pin insertion holes made in block  381 . 
     During the additive manufacturing for the workpiece, tool spindle  121  and support  221  are coupled by coupling mechanism  380 , so that support  221  can be moved in the Z-axis direction integrally with tool spindle  121  and additive-manufacturing head  131 . During the subtractive manufacturing for the workpiece, when the coupling between tool spindle  121  and support  221  is released by coupling mechanism  380 , support  221  and additive-manufacturing head  131  can be separated from tool spindle  121 , and tool spindle  121  can be moved alone. 
     Support  221  is further configured to be movable in the Z-axis direction in a single state separated from tool spindle  121  (self-traveling mechanism). 
     More specifically, a rack  156  is provided in first transverse frame  154 . Rack  156  extends in the Z-axis direction. A servomotor  222  (not illustrated in  FIGS.  3  and  4   , see  FIG.  1   ) and a pinion (not illustrated) connected to an output axis of servomotor  222  and engaged with rack  156  are provided in support  221 . While the coupling between tool spindle  121  and support  221  by coupling mechanism  380  is released, the pinion receiving the rotation from servomotor  222  rotates in a forward direction or a reverse direction, so that support  221  moves in the +Z-axis direction or the −Z-axis direction. 
       FIGS.  5  to  7    are front views schematically illustrating a processing flow of the workpiece in the processing machine in  FIG.  1   . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  5  to  7   , processing machine  100  further includes a laser tool storage portion  191  and a head storage portion  192 . Laser tool storage portion  191  is configured to be able to store a plurality of laser tools  133 . Head storage portion  192  is configured to be able to store additive-manufacturing head  131  separated from tool spindle  121  during subtractive manufacturing for the workpiece. 
     Laser tool storage portion  191  and head storage portion  192  are provided outside processing area  110 . Laser tool storage portion  191  is provided between first workpiece spindle  111  and the standby position of automatic tool changer  141  in the X-axis direction (vertical direction). Head storage portion  192  is provided above second workpiece spindle  116 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  5   , during the additive manufacturing for a workpiece W, additive-manufacturing head  131  is mounted on tool spindle  121 . When tool spindle  121  moves in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction, additive-manufacturing head  131  also moves in processing area  110  integrally with tool spindle  121 . Thus, the processing position of the additive manufacturing for by additive-manufacturing head  131  is three-dimensionally displaced. Furthermore, when tool spindle  121  turns about turning axis  504 , additive-manufacturing head  131  also turns about turning axis  504  integrally with tool spindle  121 . Thus, the direction of the additive manufacturing for by additive-manufacturing head  131  (the irradiation direction of the laser beam with respect to the workpiece) can be freely changed. 
     When additive-manufacturing head  131  is moved to the position opposite to laser tool storage portion  191  in the Z-axis direction, laser tool  133  mounted on additive-manufacturing head  131  can be replaced with another laser tool  133  stored in the laser tool storage portion  191 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  6   , when the subtractive manufacturing for workpiece W is performed subsequent to the additive manufacturing for workpiece W, the connection between tool spindle  121  and additive-manufacturing head  131  is released, and the connection between support  221  and saddle  161  is also released. Additive-manufacturing head  131  integrated with support  221  is moved from the inside of processing area  110  to head storage portion  192  outside processing area  110  by the self-traveling mechanism provided in support  221 . 
     On the other hand, tool spindle  121  from which additive-manufacturing head  131  is separated is turned by 90° about turning axis  504  from the reference posture. Automatic tool changer  141  is moved from the standby position to the internal-side tool changing position in processing area  110 . A tool Ta gripped by automatic tool changer  141  is mounted on tool spindle  121  by automatic tool changer  141 . When automatic tool changer  141  is moved from the internal-side tool changing position to the standby position, the mounting of the tool to tool spindle  121  is completed. 
     The internal-side tool changing position is appropriately set such that a movement amount of tool spindle  121  from the position of tool spindle  121  to the internal-side tool changing position at the start of tool change is shortened. The internal-side tool changing position set in this way may be selected from any coordinate in the Z-axis direction, or selected from a plurality of coordinate candidates in the Z-axis direction. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7   , during the subtractive manufacturing for workpiece W, the workpiece is milled by tool Ta held by tool spindle  121  while additive-manufacturing head  131  is stored in head storage portion  192 . 
     During this time, automatic tool changer  141  is moved from the standby position to the magazine-side tool changing position, and tool Tb stored in tool magazine  171  at the magazine-side tool changing position is moved to automatic tool changer  141 . Automatic tool changer  141  holding tool Tb is moved from the magazine-side tool changing position to the standby position to prepare for the next tool change in tool spindle  121 . 
     Automatic tool changer  141  and the cover structure around automatic tool changer  141  will be described below.  FIGS.  8  and  9    are perspective views illustrating the processing machine when the automatic tool changer is positioned at the standby position.  FIGS.  10  and  11    are perspective views illustrating the processing machine when the automatic tool changer is positioned at the internal-side tool changing position.  FIG.  12    is an enlarged perspective view illustrating the automatic tool changer in  FIG.  9   . 
       FIGS.  8  to  11    illustrate a standby position Pa of automatic tool changer  141 , an internal-side tool changing position Pb, and a magazine-side tool changing position Pc. 
     With reference to  FIGS.  8  to  12   , automatic tool changer  141  includes a base  148 , a lifting arm  143 , and a double arm (arm portion)  144 . 
     Base  148  is supported by first transverse frame  154 . Base  148  is movable in the Z-axis direction by various feeding mechanisms, guide mechanisms, servomotors, and the like. 
     More specifically, a rack  156  and a rail  155  are provided in first transverse frame  154 . Rack  156  and rail  155  extend in the Z-axis direction. A servomotor  142  and a pinion (not illustrated) connected to an output axis of servomotor  142  are provided in base  148 . A slider  411  that is slidable in the Z-axis direction while engaged with rail  155  is further provided in base  148 . When the pinion receiving the rotation from servomotor  142  rotates in the forward direction or the reverse direction, base  148  moves in the +Z-axis direction or the −Z-axis direction. 
     In the embodiment, automatic tool changer  141  and support  221  share a guide mechanism (rail  155 ) and a feed mechanism (rack  156 ) that enable the movement in the Z-axis direction. 
     Lifting arm  143  is supported by base  148 . Lifting arm  143  extends in an arm shape such that the X-axis direction (vertical direction) is the longer direction. Lifting arm  143  can be lifted and lowered in the X-axis direction by various feeding mechanisms, guide mechanisms, and servomotors. 
     More specifically, a rack  145  is provided in lifting arm  143 . Rack  145  extends in the X-axis direction. A servomotor  147  and a pinion  146  connected to an output axis of servomotor  147  are provided in base  148 . When pinion  146  that receives the rotation from servomotor  147  rotates in the forward direction or the reverse direction, lifting arm  143  moves up in the +X-axis direction or moves down in the −X-axis direction. 
     Double arm  144  is supported by lifting arm  143 . Double arm  144  is connected to a lower end portion of lifting arm  143 . Double arm  144  includes a first gripping portion  144 P and a second gripping portion  144 Q. Each of first gripping portion  144 P and second gripping portion  144 Q is configured to be able to grip the tool (shank portion of the tool). Double arm  144  extends in an arm shape between first gripping portion  144 P and second gripping portion  144 Q. 
     Double arm  144  is turnable about a turning axis  505  and is slidable in the axial direction of turning axis  505 . Turning axis  505  is disposed at a center position between first gripping portion  144 P and second gripping portion  144 Q. Turning axis  505  extends in the horizontal direction. Turning axis  505  extends in the Z-axis direction. 
     Automatic tool changer  141  may include a single type arm portion having one gripping portion instead of double arm  144 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  5 ,  8  and  9   , when automatic tool changer  141  is positioned at standby position Pa, double arm  144  is disposed in a middle position of a middle height. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  6 ,  10 , and  11   , when automatic tool changer  141  moves from standby position Pa to internal-side tool changing position Pb to perform the tool change between automatic tool changer  141  and tool spindle  121 , lifting arm  143  is lowered in the −X axis direction, so that double arm  144  is disposed at a lower position lower than the middle position. Thus, double arm  144  can be moved close to tool spindle  121  in the X-axis direction (vertical direction). 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7   , when automatic tool changer  141  moves from standby position Pa to magazine-side tool changing position Pc in order to perform the tool change between tool spindle  121  and tool magazine  171 , lifting arm  143  is lifted in the +X-axis direction, so that double arm  144  is disposed at a higher position than the middle position. Thus, double arm  144  moving to the magazine-side tool changing position can be prevented from interfering with tool magazine  171 . 
     An opening avoiding the interference between lifting arm  143  performing the lifting operation and a ceiling portion may be provided in the ceiling portion at magazine-side tool changing position Pc. A shutter capable of opening and closing the opening may be provided in the ceiling portion. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  8  to  11   , processing machine  100  further includes a third transverse frame  157 . Third transverse frame  157  has a beam shape in which the Z-axis direction (left-right direction) is the longer direction. Third transverse frame  157  is provided above first transverse frame  154 . A guard body  611  described later is attached to third transverse frame  157 . 
     Splash guard  181  includes a first slide cover  351  and a second slide cover  353 . First slide cover  351  and second slide cover  353  have a flat plate shape parallel to the X-axis-Z-axis plane as a whole. First slide cover  351  and second slide cover  353  are disposed on the back side of processing area  110  (the end of processing area  110  in the −Y-axis direction). 
     Ram  163  penetrates first slide cover  351  from the outside of processing area  110  and enters processing area  110  in the Y-axis direction. First slide cover  351  is slidably deformable in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction in accordance with the movement of ram  163  in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. 
     Second slide cover  353  is provided above first slide cover  351 . Second slide cover  353  is provided between third transverse frame  157  and first transverse frame  154  in the X-axis direction. The end of second slide cover  353  in the −Z-axis direction is connected to a cover body  612  described later. Second slide cover  353  is slidably deformable in the Z-axis direction in accordance with the movement of cover body  612  in the Z-axis direction. 
     Referring to  FIG.  3   , a line body insertion hole  352  is made in second slide cover  353 . Line body insertion hole  352  is a through-hole penetrating second slide cover  353  in the Y-axis direction. Line body  210  (flexible tube  211 ) is inserted into line body insertion hole  352  from the inside of processing area  110  to be drawn out of processing area  110 . Second slide cover  353  is slidably deformable in the Z-axis direction in accordance with movement of line body  210  (flexible tube  211 ) in the Z-axis direction. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  8  to  11   , splash guard  181  further includes guard body  611  and cover body  612 . 
     Guard body  611  has a flat plate shape parallel to the X-Y axis plane as a whole. Guard body  611  is disposed on the left side of processing area  110  (the end of processing area  110  in the −Z-axis direction). Processing area  110  is provided on the +Z-axis direction side with respect to guard body  611 , and standby position Pa of automatic tool changer  141  and laser tool storage portion  191  are provided on the −Z-axis direction side with respect to guard body  611 . 
     An oil pan  614  is provided between standby position Pa of automatic tool changer  141  and laser tool storage portion  191 . Oil pan  614  has a tray shape and extends between tool magazine  171  and guard body  611  in the Z-axis direction. 
     An opening and closing cover  613  is provided in guard body  611 . Opening and closing cover  613  performs an opening and closing operation when laser tool  133  is replaced between laser tool storage portion  191  and additive-manufacturing head  131 . Opening and closing cover  613  is a foldable cover that is folded and deformed during the closing operation. 
     A stocker storing a plurality of long boring bars may be provided below standby position Pa of automatic tool changer  141  instead of laser tool storage portion  191 . 
     An opening  616  is provided in guard body  611 . Opening  616  is a through-hole penetrating guard body  611  in the Z-axis direction. Opening  616  communicates between standby position Pa of automatic tool changer  141  and processing area  110 . Opening  616  is provided above opening and closing cover  613 . 
     Cover body  612  is provided so as to cover opening  616 . Cover body  612  has a planar shape corresponding to the opening shape of opening  616  when viewed in the Z-axis direction. Cover body  612  is disposed on a side of double arm  144 . Cover body  612  is provided at a position adjacent to double arm  144  in the +Z-axis direction. 
     Cover body  612  operates so as to be able to open and close opening  616 . Cover body  612  is coupled to automatic tool changer  141 . Cover body  612  moves in the Z-axis direction integrally with automatic tool changer  141  along with the movement of automatic tool changer  141  in the Z-axis direction. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  8  and  9   , when automatic tool changer  141  is positioned at standby position Pa, cover body  612  blocks opening  616  to define and form processing area  110 . At this point, processing area  110  is substantially sealed by splash guard  181 . 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  10  and  11   , when automatic tool changer  141  moves from standby position Pa to internal-side tool changing position Pb, cover body  612  enters the inside of processing area  110  together with automatic tool changer  141 . At this point, processing area  110  communicates with standby position Pa through opening  616 . 
     According to such the configuration, when automatic tool changer  141  is positioned at standby position Pa outside processing area  110 , cover body  612  defines and forms processing area  110 , so that cutting oil, chips, or the like generated in processing area  110  can be prevented from adhering to automatic tool changer  141 . Thus, automatic tool changer  141  and the tools held by automatic tool changer  141  are kept clean, so that the operation of the automatic tool change by automatic tool changer  141  can be executed more stably. 
     In addition, when automatic tool changer  141  moves from standby position Pa to internal-side tool changing position Pb, cover body  612  enters the inside of processing area  110  together with automatic tool changer  141  instead of the opening and closing operation like a general sliding type shutter. Thus, because the space where the opening and closing operation of cover body  612  is enabled is not required, the size of processing machine  100  can be reduced. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  11   , during the tool change between automatic tool changer  141  and tool spindle  121 , double arm  144  performs the turning operation about turning axis  505  parallel to the horizontal direction above tool spindle  121 . In this case, cover body  612  is disposed not below double arm  144  but on the side of double arm  144 , so that double arm  144  that performs the turning operation can be avoided from interfering with cover body  612 . 
       FIG.  13    is a sectional view illustrating a range surrounded by a two-dot chain line XIII in  FIG.  12   . Referring to  FIGS.  12  and  13   , processing machine  100  further includes a first coupling mechanism  651  (in  FIG.  12   , because first coupling mechanism  651  is disposed on the back side of automatic tool changer  141  and cover body  612 , first coupling mechanism  651  is not illustrated). First coupling mechanism  651  is operable between a first state in which automatic tool changer  141  and cover body  612  are coupled by first coupling mechanism  651  when automatic tool changer  141  is positioned at standby position Pa and a second state in which the coupling between automatic tool changer  141  and cover body  612  are released when automatic tool changer  141  moves from standby position Pa to magazine-side tool changing position Pc. 
     An air cylinder  653  is attached to automatic tool changer  141  (base  148 ). Air cylinder  653  includes a pin  654 . Pin  654  is movable forward and backward in the Y-axis direction by driving air cylinder  653 . A coupling portion  655  is provided in cover body  612 . A pin insertion hole  652  is made in coupling portion  655 . Pin insertion hole  652  is a through-hole penetrating coupling portion  655  in the Y-axis direction. 
     Coupling portion  655  constitutes first coupling mechanism  651  together with air cylinder  653 . When pin  654  is inserted into pin insertion hole  652 , the first state in which automatic tool changer  141  and cover body  612  are connected to each other is obtained. When pin  654  is pulled out of pin insertion hole  652 , the second state in which the coupling between automatic tool changer  141  and cover body  612  is released is obtained. 
     The insertion direction of pin  654  into pin insertion hole  652  is not limited to the Y-axis direction, but may be a direction intersecting the Z-axis, more preferably a direction orthogonal to the Z-axis. 
     As illustrated in  FIGS.  5  and  6   , when automatic tool changer  141  is positioned at standby position Pa, automatic tool changer  141  and cover body  612  are coupled by first coupling mechanism  651 , so that cover body  612  can be caused to immediately enter processing area  110  together with automatic tool changer  141  in the case of shifting to the tool change at internal-side tool changing position Pb. 
     As illustrated in  FIG.  7   , when automatic tool changer  141  moves from standby position Pa to magazine-side tool changing position Pc, the coupling between automatic tool changer  141  and cover body  612  by first coupling mechanism  651  is released, so that only automatic tool changer  141  can be directed to magazine-side tool changing position Pc where tool magazine  171  is located while the state in which processing area  110  is defined and formed by cover body  612  is maintained. 
       FIG.  14    is a sectional view illustrating a range surrounded by a two-dot chain line XIV in  FIG.  12   .  FIG.  15    is a sectional view illustrating a range surrounded by a two-dot chain line XV in  FIG.  12   . 
     Referring to  FIGS.  12 ,  14  and  15   , processing machine  100  further includes a second coupling mechanism  631 . Second coupling mechanism  631  is operable between a third state in which guard body  611  and cover body  612  are coupled by the second coupling mechanism when automatic tool changer  141  is positioned at standby position Pa and a fourth state in which coupling between guard body  611  and cover body  612  are released when automatic tool changer  141  moves from standby position Pa to internal-side tool changing position Pb. 
     Processing machine  100  includes a plurality of second coupling mechanisms  631  ( 631 A,  631 B). Second coupling mechanism  631 B is provided at a position away from second coupling mechanism  631 A in the obliquely upward direction (−Y-axis direction and +X-axis direction). 
     Referring to  FIGS.  12  and  14   , an air cylinder  644  is attached to guard body  611 . Air cylinder  644  includes a pin  645 . Pin  645  is movable forward and backward in the Y-axis direction by driving air cylinder  644 . A coupling portion  642  is provided in cover body  612 . A pin insertion hole  643  is made in coupling portion  642 . Pin insertion hole  643  is a through-hole penetrating coupling portion  642  in the Y-axis direction. 
     Coupling portion  642  constitutes second coupling mechanism  631 A together with air cylinder  644 . When pin  645  is inserted into pin insertion hole  643 , the third state in which guard body  611  and cover body  612  are coupled to each other is obtained. When pin  645  is removed from pin insertion hole  643 , the fourth state in which the coupling between guard body  611  and cover body  612  is released is obtained. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  12  and  15   , an air cylinder  634  is attached to third transverse frame  157 . Air cylinder  634  includes a pin  635 . Pin  635  is movable forward and backward in the Y-axis direction by driving air cylinder  634 . A coupling portion  632  is provided in cover body  612 . A pin insertion hole  633  is made in coupling portion  632 . Pin insertion hole  633  is a through-hole penetrating coupling portion  632  in the Y-axis direction. 
     Coupling portion  632  constitutes second coupling mechanism  631 B together with air cylinder  634 . When pin  635  is inserted into pin insertion hole  633 , the third state in which guard body  611  and cover body  612  are coupled with third transverse frame  157  interposed therebetween is obtained. When pin  635  is removed from pin insertion hole  633 , the fourth state in which the coupling between guard body  611  and cover body  612  is released is obtained. 
     According to such the configuration, when automatic tool changer  141  is positioned at standby position Pa, guard body  611  and cover body  612  are coupled by second coupling mechanism  631  ( 631 A,  631 B), so that cover body  612  is more firmly fixed to guard body  611 . Thus, sealability of processing area  110  is improved, so that leakage of cutting oil, chips, or the like from the inside to the outside of processing area  110  can reliably prevented. When automatic tool changer  141  moves from standby position Pa to internal-side tool changing position Pb, the coupling between guard body  611  and cover body  612  by second coupling mechanism  631  ( 631 A,  631 B) is released, so that cover body  612  can be separated from guard body  611  and enter processing area  110  together with automatic tool changer  141 . 
     Processing machine  100  of the embodiment of the present invention described above includes splash guard  181  that defines and forms processing area  110 , tool spindle  121  that is provided inside processing area  110  and serves as the tool holder holding the tool, and automatic tool changer  141  that is movable between internal-side tool changing position Pb as the first tool changing position inside processing area  110  and standby position Pa outside processing area  110  and changes the tool held by tool spindle  121  at internal-side tool changing position Pb. Splash guard  181  includes cover body  612  that is coupled to automatic tool changer  141 , defines and forms processing area  110  when automatic tool changer  141  is positioned at standby position Pa, and enters processing area  110  when automatic tool changer  141  moves from standby position Pa to internal-side tool changing position Pb. 
     According to processing machine  100  of the embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, cutting oil, chips, or the like can be prevented from adhering to automatic tool changer  141  while the size of the machine is reduced. 
     In the embodiment, the case where the AM/SM hybrid processing machine is configured based on the combined processing machine having the turning function and the milling function has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to such the configuration, and for example, the AM/SM hybrid processing machine may be configured based on a machining center having the milling function. In addition, the present invention is not limited to the AM/SM hybrid processing machine, but may be applied to a lathe, a machining center, or a combined processing machine having a turning function and a milling function. For example, when the present invention is applied to the lathe, a tool holder that holds the tool may be a tool rest having an automatic tool changing function. 
     It should be considered that the disclosed embodiment is an example in all respects and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by not the description above, but the claims, and it is intended that all modifications within the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents are included in the present invention. 
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
     The present invention is applied to various processing machines including the automatic tool changer. 
     REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
       100 : processing machine,  110 : processing area,  111 : first workpiece spindle,  116 : second workpiece spindle,  121 : tool spindle,  122 : spindle end face,  123 : side surface portion,  124 : front surface portion,  131 : additive-manufacturing head,  132 : 
     head body,  133 : laser tool,  136 : disk portion,  141 : automatic tool changer,  142 ,  147 : servomotor,  143 : lifting arm,  144 : double arm,  144 P: first gripping portion,  144 Q: second gripping portion,  145 ,  156 : rack,  146 : pinion,  148 ,  331 : base,  151 : bed,  152 : first longitudinal frame,  153 : second longitudinal frame,  154 : first transverse frame,  155 ,  312 : rail,  157 : third transverse frame,  161 : saddle,  162 : cross slide,  163 : ram,  171 : 
     tool magazine,  181 : splash guard,  191 : laser tool storage portion,  192 : head storage portion,  210 : line body,  211 : flexible tube,  211   p:  one end,  211   q : the other end,  221 : support,  311 : second transverse frame,  332 : pulley portion,  333 : coil spring,  334 : bracket,  335 : tension applying mechanism,  336 ,  381 : block,  341 : material powder supply device,  342 : laser oscillation device,  351 : first slide cover,  352 : line body insertion hole,  353 : second slide cover,  360 : second guide mechanism,  370 : first guide mechanism,  372 ,  411 : slider,  380 : coupling mechanism,  382 ,  634 ,  644 ,  653 : air cylinder,  501 ,  502 ,  503 ,  526 : rotation axis,  504 ,  505 : turning axis,  611 : guard body,  612 : cover body,  613 : opening and closing cover,  614 : oil pan,  616 : opening,  631 ,  631 A,  631 B: second coupling mechanism,  632 ,  642 ,  655 : coupling portion,  633 ,  643 ,  652 : pin insertion hole,  635 ,  645 ,  654 : pin,  651 : first coupling mechanism