Patent Publication Number: US-2013237287-A1

Title: Electronic device using status awareness

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/376,624, filed on Dec. 7, 2011, which claims priority to International application PCT/US2010/037946, filed on Jun. 9, 2010, which claims priority to U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application No. 61/187,520, filed on Jun. 16, 2009, and priority is claimed thereof. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The present disclosure generally relates to communication media, and more particularly, to electronic devices using status awareness. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Handheld electronic communications devices have a number of shortcoming For instance, the method of alerting the user of an incoming communication may not be appropriate for the user&#39;s situation, and the user may forget to set it for that situation. For example, a ringing cell phone would be inappropriate in a movie theater, while a vibrating cell phone might be ineffective if it&#39;s in a purse. Further, communication may take place in several different forms (e.g., voice, text, graphics), and the preferred method may depend on the user&#39;s status at the time. Another shortcoming is that people who wish to communicate with the user have no way of knowing what the user&#39;s status is, and therefore have no way of knowing which method of communication would be best, or if communication should be delayed until another time. Conventional communications devices have no way to automatically make these choices, because they have no way of determining the relevant information. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Some embodiments of the invention may be understood by referring to the following description and accompanying drawings that are used to illustrate embodiments of the invention. In the drawings: 
         FIG. 1  shows a multi-function handheld user device for wireless communications, according to an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 2  shows a flow diagram of a method of performing status awareness, according to an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 3  shows a flow diagram of a method of alerting a user of an incoming communication, according to an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 4  shows a flow diagram of a method of adapting the format of an incoming communication, according to an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 5  shows a matrix of selections presented on the device&#39;s display, according to an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIGS. 6 and 7  show examples of a graphical depiction of a user&#39;s status, according to an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 8  shows a flow diagram of a method of notifying another person of the user&#39;s status, according to an embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known circuits, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description. 
     References to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “example embodiment”, “various embodiments”, etc., indicate that the embodiment(s) of the invention so described may include particular features, structures, or characteristics, but not every embodiment necessarily includes the particular features, structures, or characteristics. Further, some embodiments may have some, all, or none of the features described for other embodiments. 
     In the following description and claims, the terms “coupled” and “connected,” along with their derivatives, may be used. It should be understood that these terms are not intended as synonyms for each other. Rather, in particular embodiments, “connected” is used to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other. “Coupled” is used to indicate that two or more elements co-operate or interact with each other, but they may or may not have intervening physical or electrical components between them. 
     As used in the claims, unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinal adjectives “first”, “second”, “third”, etc., to describe a common element, merely indicate that different instances of like elements are being referred to, and are not intended to imply that the elements so described must be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking, or in any other manner. 
     Various embodiments of the invention may be implemented in one or any combination of hardware, firmware, and software. The invention may also be implemented as instructions contained in or on a computer-readable medium, which may be read and executed by one or more processors to enable performance of the operations described herein. A computer-readable medium may include any mechanism for storing information in a form readable by one or more computers. For example, a computer-readable medium may include a tangible storage medium, such as but not limited to read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; a flash memory device, etc. 
     The term “wireless” may be used to describe circuits, devices, systems, methods, techniques, communications channels, etc., that communicate data by using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. A wireless device may comprise at least one antenna, at least one radio, and at least one processor. The wireless device may also contain other components to provide various other types of functionality. 
     In various portions of this document, the terms ‘situation’, ‘context’, and ‘status’, as well as derivatives of those terms, may be used. Within this document, these terms have specific meanings. ‘Situation’ pertains to external conditions, that is, information gathered by the various sensors in the device, or inferred about conditions external to the device based on those sensor inputs. Sensor inputs may include information gathered through radio communication, a camera, a microphone, motion and/or orientation sensors, a light sensor, a temperature sensor, etc. Those conditions might be affected by the user&#39;s actions, but situational analysis in general does not consider the user&#39;s actions directly, only the sensed inputs indicating conditions external to the device. ‘Situational awareness’ involves an analysis of situation to determine factors that may be useful. 
     ‘Context’ has to do with one or more of: where the user is, what the user is doing and/or is likely to do in the future, and the user&#39;s preferences. This may include considerations of what the device is doing (the mode in which the device is operating, the applications being run, etc.). Context may also consider historical factors, such as past activities, reactions, and decisions previously made under similar conditions. Because user actions may sometimes include a consideration of environmental factors, situation and context may sometimes overlap. For example, monitoring of the user&#39;s physiological state (temperature, stress level, breathing, etc.) might be considered situation (conditions external to the device) but would be also be considered context (what the user is or might be doing). ‘Context awareness’ involves an analysis of context to determine factors that may be useful. 
     The term ‘status’ consists of situation, context, or both. So status awareness may consist of context awareness, situational awareness, or both. In situational awareness, context awareness, and status awareness, the factors being considered may be limited to those factors that are considered relevant or potentially relevant. On the other hand, when no particular results or type of information has been specified, all factors may be considered potentially relevant, and in some embodiments the device may monitor and process many such factors on an ongoing basis, even though there is no immediate need for them. 
       FIG. 1  shows a multi-function handheld user device for wireless communications, according to an embodiment of the invention. The illustrated device  110  is shown with various components, such as a touchscreen (a touch-sensitive display screen)  120  and buttons A, B, and C. Another input/output function  130  is also shown which, depending on the embodiments, may provide various types of functionality, such as but not limited to: 1) another button, 2) a camera lens, 3) a microphone, 4) etc. Other buttons, sensors, output devices, etc. may also be included but are not shown to avoid excessive clutter in the drawing. 
     Although the illustrated device  110  is depicted as having a particular shape, proportion, and appearance, with buttons located in particular locations, this is for example only and the embodiments of the invention may not be limited to this particular physical configuration. For example, in some embodiments the buttons may have different sizes and/or different shapes than shown, be located elsewhere on the same side or on different sides of the device, etc. They may also come in different colors. In some embodiments the overall shape of the device  110  may be different than shown. Device  110  may also include functionality for wireless communication, for various visual, audio, and physical inputs, and for various visual, audio, and physical outputs. 
     Although the illustrated device  110  depicts a handheld device, it is to be noted that embodiments are not limited to handheld devices. For example, it is contemplated that communication and status awareness is not limited to handheld devices, such as any number and type of devices (e.g., a smartphone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a wearable device (e.g. watch, bracelet, ring, etc.)) having the minimal ability to sense and/or actuate as well as communicate may be employed and used. Similarly, regarding situational and context awareness, sensor data from any of the aforementioned devices may be fused together to infer such awareness. Additionally, any of these devices may be selected for communication with the user (e.g., via a user device), depending on the awareness and proximity of the user with respect to each of these devices. For example, in a case where a user may be in a meeting having a phone and a laptop may have the phone in the user&#39;s pocket while the laptop may be used to take notes in the meeting, the context acquisition and determination running on both devices (e.g., the phone and the laptop) may facilitate the understanding of any activities that the user may be performing on the two devices. Based on this awareness, the system may convert a voice message that the user have received on the phone to a text message which may then be shown on the user&#39;s laptop. Now let us suppose that the user is using the laptop to display a presentation to other participants in the meeting, the phone buzzing or vibrating in the user&#39;s pocket may be regarded by the system as a preferred way to provide the indication of the received voice message. The user may choose to act on it, if needed. 
     Status Analysis and Awareness 
     Much may be inferred about the user based on context awareness. For example, if the device is performing an interactive operation that requires the user&#39;s involvement (e.g., entering text, choosing a menu selection, taking pictures, scrolling through stored pictures, etc.) it may be assumed the user is co-located with the device and is participating in that operation. If the device is transmitting and receiving voice communications over a wireless interface, it may be assumed the user is engaged in a wireless voice communication, using the device as a phone. Many such activities that require the user&#39;s action imply that the user is holding the device, and can be immediately contacted through the device. 
     Other contextual activities may imply the user&#39;s presence and involvement, but with a lesser degree of confidence. For example, if the device is playing music or video, it may be assumed the user is probably listening or watching, but sometimes the user may step away from the device for a few minutes without pausing or shutting off the music or video. If the user transmitted an email a couple of minutes ago, the user is probably still in possession of the device, but might have set it down and walked away. If the user has had no interaction with the device for a long time, then context awareness may provide little evidence of what the user is doing. The longer the period of time that elapses without a direct user input (press a button, touch the touchscreen, speak into the microphone, etc.) the less likely it is that the user is still involved with the same operation, and the less likely it is that the user is still co-located with the device. 
     Internal time and scheduling operations may also provide context information. For example, a scheduling program combined with the current time/day/month/year from the device&#39;s internal clock and calendar may indicate the user should be at a particular place and engaged in a particular action. Of course, this alone does not indicate that the user is actually following his schedule, and more information might be desirable for corroboration. 
     Situational awareness may be more complicated than context awareness, as the effects of the environment on the user may be more ambiguous. The device may have a number of sensors that permit it to determine what is going on external to the device. These sensors may include but are not limited to things such as: 1) a microphone for audio inputs, 2) a camera to take pictures and/or video, 3) accelerometers or other location/movement sensors that can provide information on orientation, movement, and/or location, 4) a temperature sensor to measure temperature directly or indirectly, and 5) wireless communications, which can access vast amounts of information. 
     Each type of sensor may be directed to monitor the environment under various conditions, such as but not limited to: 1) when directly triggered by the user (e.g., when the user takes a picture), 2) when indirectly triggered by the user (e.g., when the user starts another operation that in turn causes the sensor to begin operating), 3) when triggered by the expiration of a timer, 4) at scheduled times/dates, 5) when triggered by another program, possibly based on inputs received from other sensors, 6) etc. Some sensors may operate full time, assuming their power consumption is not too great. 
     The inputs from each sensor may be processed in various ways to produce useful information, and the type of processing may depend on what type of useful information is being sought. For example, audio inputs may be processed to identify things such as but not limited to: 1) the words being spoken, 2) the identity of the person speaking, 3) identifiable background sounds, such as traffic noise, the murmur of a crowd, the tinkling of silverware in a restaurant, the roar of a jet engine, etc., 4) music, 5) sounds of nature, such as birds singing, flowing water, etc. Similarly, visual inputs from the camera may be processed to identify things such as but not limited to: 1) a person, 2) the identity of the person (e.g., through facial recognition), 3) a type of business (e.g., from a well-known logo on the building), 4) whether objects in the image are moving, 5) the ambient light level, 6) colors, 7) whether the device is in a city (e.g., tall buildings close together), a forest (e.g., tall trees close together), a suburban neighborhood (e.g., houses close together), a bus (e.g., rows of seats close together in a small space), a sports stadium (e.g., thousands of seats arranged around an open space), 8) etc. 
     Inputs from three accelerometers configured in a mutually perpendicular arrangement may be used to measure things such as but not limited to: 1) orientation of the device (e.g., by determining the component of gravity sensed by each one), 2) acceleration along all three axes, which may be converted to velocity in three dimensions, which may in turn be converted to positional change in three dimensions, 3) repetitive up-and-down motion, which may imply walking or jogging, 4) etc. 
     Temperature may be analyzed to derive various types of information. Ambient air temperature may provided by a direct temperature sensor. However, it might be fooled by warmth from the user&#39;s hand when the device is being held. An infrared sensor may provide less ambiguous information, when directed towards a particular object. If the camera has an infrared filter or sensor array, the resulting pictures may be analyzed to determine the relative temperature differences of different objects in the picture, and could conceivably be used to convert the camera into a night-vision infrared viewer. 
     Radio may be one of the most useful and versatile sensors on the device. Many types of devices communicate through radio signals, and the information in those signals may provide a great deal of information about user&#39;s surroundings. Incoming GPS signals, when analyzed by the device&#39;s GPS system, may pinpoint the device&#39;s location on earth within a very small area. Signals from an access point (AP), base station (BS), or wireless router indicate the device is within a known range of that AP/BS/router, which may in turn indicate the user is at work, at home, at a local coffee shop, etc. The distinctive radio emissions from a microwave oven may identify the location as a kitchen. Nearby RFID tags may also be detected through radio, and knowing the object to which an RFID tag is attached may provide useful information. In addition, some RFID tags may be connected to their own sensors, and may transmit that sensor information to the device (e.g., temperature, humidity, light levels, etc.). For very broad location information, when more precise information is not available, the reception of commercial broadcast signals (e.g., television, AM radio, FM radio) may indicate location within a particular region. Reception of several such signals may permit triangulation, to reduce the size of the possible location area. If the location of the broadcast towers is not known, the content of the broadcast information (e.g., the language, the cities being mentioned, etc.) may help. 
     Radio communication may also be used to expand the databases that the device has access to. By using wireless access to the Internet, the device may obtain maps, directions, street addresses, aerial photographs, types of establishments, etc. that are associated with the device&#39;s location. 
     Both context and situational awareness may be combined in various ways to analyze the user&#39;s location and activity, and even to anticipate the user&#39;s needs. This anticipation may result in the device obtaining information that was not directly requested by the user, but which the user might find useful. For example, if the user is requesting a list of movie theaters in his area, the device may also obtain a list of the movies being shown at each, and their starting times, in anticipation that the user will subsequently be able to use that information. 
     The device may also use historical data to analyze the user&#39;s status. If a particular group of inputs in the past indicated a particular status condition for the user, those same inputs now may indicate the user probably has the same status. This historical data may be used to help determine current location, activity, and anticipated needs. 
       FIG. 2  shows a flow diagram of a method of performing status awareness, according to an embodiment of the invention. In the illustrated embodiment, at  210  the device gathers context information, while at  220  the device gathers situation information. Examples of these two types of information, and examples of the techniques for gathering them, have been discussed in some of the previous paragraphs. The operations of  210  and  220  may each be performed according to various schedules: 1) continuously, 2) periodically, 3) when requested, 4) when specific information is needed, etc. In one embodiment, some types of information may be gathered on an ongoing basis, while other information will be gathered only when it is deemed to be useful. 
     Since status awareness depends on both context and situation information, these two types of information may be combined at  230  and jointly analyzed at  240 . Based on the results of the analysis, which may include some probability analysis, at  250  the device may determine one or more status conditions that are possible and even probable for the device&#39;s user. Again using probability analysis, a confidence factor may be assigned to each of these status conditions, and at  270  the status condition with the largest confidence factor may be selected. In some embodiments, if none of the status conditions have a confidence factor that exceeds a particular threshold value, then none of them will be selected 
     Status-Based Alerting Techniques 
     When a device receives an incoming communication, it may have several different techniques for notifying the user of that incoming communication. In some embodiments, a device may automatically choose from among those multiple techniques for alerting the user, based on the perceived status of the user. These alerting techniques may include any feasible alerting technique, such as but not limited to: 1) the device may produce an audible alert (e.g., several different types of rings or other sounds may be used to give the user more information about the incoming communication), 2) the device may produce a spoken voice through the device&#39;s speaker or through headphones, 3) the device may vibrate, 4) one or more displays on the device may light up, flash, etc., 5) the display on the device may provide a visual alert, 6) the device may wirelessly transmit the alert to another device, essentially instructing that other device to alert the user through a means that is available to that other device (for example, a video alert on the screen of a nearby television). Of course, any combination of these and/or other techniques may be used. 
     In addition, if the user does not respond to the alert within a predetermined time, the alert may become more noticeable in some way, such as but not limited to: 1) increased sound volume and/or the frequency of that sound, 2) increased urgency in a spoken voice or ringing sound, 3) brighter display, 4) different color of light, 5) more rapid occurrence of a flashing light or periodic sound, 6) etc. In some embodiments, the particular alerting technique may change, or multiple alerting techniques may be combined, in an effort to get the user to notice and respond. 
     Whichever alerting techniques are available to the device, the device may choose from among multiple ones of those techniques based on the user&#39;s status, as determined through status awareness. For example, some activities indicate the user is interacting with the device in some manner and can be notified in that same manner. If the device is playing music through connected headphones, it may assume the user might not be looking at the screen and might not be able to hear an external ring with the headphones on, so it may present the alert as an audible signal through the headphones. Conversely, if a video is playing on the device&#39;s screen, or if the user is entering data through the touchscreen, it may present a video alert on that touchscreen. If the device is using a remote system for output (e.g., a television or music system), the device may use that system to generate the alert. These and many other status-based considerations may be used by the device to automatically select from among the possible alerting techniques. 
     Status awareness may be considered when determining which alerting technique to use. These are some examples:
         a) Device Location—If the device determines it is in a restaurant or theater, it may vibrate or ring softly. If in the user&#39;s home, it may ring at full volume. If the device is in an area that enforces restrictions on such devices (e.g., prohibits all audible alerts) it may use only those techniques that are permitted.   b) Ambient Noise Levels—If the device senses it&#39;s in a quiet environment, it may vibrate or ring softly. If it&#39;s in a noisy environment, it may ring at a volume proportional to the noise level.   c) Time of Day—The device may vibrate during the day when it&#39;s typically being worn on the user&#39;s belt, and ring at night when it&#39;s typically resting on a night stand.   d) User Presence—If the device determines it&#39;s in contact with the user, based on temperature, motion, and/or an RFID tag the user wears, it may vibrate. If it cannot detect the user&#39;s immediate presence, it may ring.   e) Device Activity—If the device senses the user is reading something on the touchscreen (because the user changes the display frequently), it may alert the user by providing a visual alert on the screen. If it senses the user is listening to music through the device, it may override the music with an audible alert.   f) Calendared Priorities—When the user schedules his activities on the device&#39;s calendar, the activities may be classified as to priority, with each priority implying a different preference in alerting techniques. During the time of the scheduled event, the device may use the alerting technique associated with that priority. For example, one level of priority (e.g., for important business meetings, religious services, etc.) may indicate that no alerts will be issued, and the user will have to check for missed communications after the event. Another level of priority (e.g., for less important business meetings, anniversary dinner with spouse, etc.) may use an urgent alert for calls from certain people (boss, doctor, child, baby sitter), but use a softer alert or no alert for other incoming communications. Still another level of priority may place no restrictions on the alerts.       

     The user may manually change the automatically selected alerting technique after the alert has begun. The device may keep track of such changes over time, and select the user&#39;s preference for future alerts issued under similar circumstances. 
       FIG. 3  shows a flow diagram of a method of alerting a user of an incoming communication in a manner based on status awareness, according to an embodiment of the invention. In the illustrated embodiment, at  310  the device may determine the user&#39;s probable status (for example, by following the method of  FIG. 2 ). When an incoming communication is received by the device at  320 , it may examine the various techniques available to it for alerting the user of the incoming communication, and at  330  it may rank the acceptable ones from most desirable to least desirable, based on the user&#39;s status. This process may be performed in various ways, for example by following the techniques described in the previous paragraphs. 
     Based on this analysis, the device may use the highest ranked (most desirable) technique to alert the user of the incoming communication at  340 . If the user responds within a predefined time limit (e.g., by accepting or proactively rejecting the communication as determined at  350 ), this process may end at  370 . But if the user does not respond, as determined at  350 , the current alerting technique may be abandoned and the next highest ranking alerting technique may be tried. This may be a different alerting technique (e.g., a flashing light instead of an audible ring), or a more urgent version of the same alerting technique (e.g., a louder ring), or a combination of alerting techniques. The device may work its way through the alerting techniques in this manner until the user responds, or until the ranked techniques have been exhausted. 
     The flow diagram shows the current alerting technique being deleted from the ranking list at  360 , so that the next highest ranking technique will become the highest ranking technique at  340 . But this is just one of many detailed processes that may be used to progressively try the ranked alerting techniques. In some embodiments, the user may be able to override the current rankings by redefining them. In some embodiments, this override may be temporary (e.g., for a predetermined time) or permanent (e.g., until changed again by the user). 
     Communication Format Adaptive to Recipient Status 
     Whenever a user receives an incoming communication on a communications device, the ability or willingness of the user to accept that communication may depend on the user&#39;s status. It may also depend on the format of the communication. For example, a user in a meeting may be willing to accept a text message but not a voice call, while a user that is driving a car may be willing to receive an email but unwilling to accept an interactive communication such as a text message or voice call. In addition, if the user is not able or willing to accept a particular incoming communication in its current form, he may have a preference as to whether to notify the sender about alternatives. All of these things may depend on the user&#39;s status at the time the communication is received. 
     For the purposes of this document, the term ‘format’ indicates whether the communication is presented as: 1) interactive audio (e.g., voice), 2) interactive text (e.g., a text message), 3) participatory graphics (e.g., the user must look at the screen), or 4) non-interactive text, voice, and/or graphics (e.g., email, voicemail, and/or stored graphics). In some embodiments, these major formats may be further subdivided into more specific formats, with different rules for handling each one. In addition, in some embodiments multiple formats may be combined in a single communication (e.g., interactive voice with non-interactive graphics). In such a case, the communication may be categorized as one format for handling purposes, or each portion of the communication may be treated separately for handling. 
     As previously described, the user&#39;s status may be monitored by the device through both context awareness and situation awareness. However, in this case the object of this monitoring is to decide what to do with an incoming communication rather than decide how to alert the user about that communication, so the factors that are considered may be different, and the factors may be considered in different ways. 
     When an incoming communication is received, the device may do several things, such as but not limited to: 1) decide whether to alert the user immediately, at a later time, or not at all, 2) convert the communication to a different format (e.g., convert interactive text to voice, voice to interactive text, voice to email, email to voice, etc.) for presentation to the user, 3) transmit a response to the sender, notifying the sender that the user is currently unavailable for communications in this format, and possibly suggesting a different format that the user will accept at this time and/or informing the sender when the user will probably be accepting a communication in its current form. Various actions may also be combined, such as converting a voice message to an email, informing the sender that the user will be available for voice communication at a particular time, and alerting the user to these actions when the user&#39;s status permits such an alert. 
     In addition to the format of the communication, the priority of the communication may be considered when deciding how to handle it. An ‘external priority’ may be assigned to a communication without regard to the user&#39;s status, while an ‘internal priority’ may be assigned based on the user&#39;s status. Both may be factors in deciding how the communication is handled. 
     In one embodiment, a priority of a message may be external and further, in addition to priority, the caller may notify or indicate a level of urgency to reach the recipient or any reference metadata that may be useful in enabling the device or the user to make a better determination as to how to respond to the call. For example, today&#39;s conventional techniques and devices merely communicate the caller ID to the recipient of the call and consequently, creating a limited context at the receiver side. In one embodiment, in addition to urgency, several other parameters can be explicitly indicated by the caller, such as whether, how and when to respond, should the call be ignored or be regarded merely as an FYI call, etc. These explicit indications may be received and stored as reference metadata for future reference, such as when the system has to make a decision (such as whether, where and how to route the call), it may access and use the reference metadata as guidance. For example, if the urgency set by the caller is too high (e.g., a message from a close family member), the system may reference the metadata in that regard and if the metadata indicates that such urgencies/emergencies supersede all situations and be announced through all channels, the system may alert the user/recipient on all channels even if, for example, the user is in an important meeting, etc. 
     For external priorities, if the sender is aware of the priority scheme, any of various priority levels may be pre-coded into a communication before it is transmitted to the user&#39;s device. Alternatively, the user&#39;s device may decide which external priority should be assigned after receiving the communication. This decision may be based on various criteria, such as but not limited to: 1) the priority may depend on who the sender is (e.g., the user&#39;s boss or the user&#39;s spouse may be assigned top priority, while a communication from an unknown sender may be assigned a low priority), 2) the communication may be searched for key words which will trigger a certain priority level (e.g., the words “cancelling your contract” might trigger a high priority), 3) whether there has been a recent history of communications with the sender, 4) the length of the communication (a long communication might be assigned a lower priority because it will require more of the user&#39;s time), 5) etc. 
     Internal priorities may depend on the user&#39;s status at the time the communication is received. This status may in turn depend on a combination of context and situation factors that may be considered when determining how to handle the incoming communication. These are some examples: 
     a) Location and Time of Day—Many users have routines that may be programmed into a device or learned by the device over time. For example, a user may want to receive only high-priority messages during working hours or while in the office. Further, if a scheduling program shows the user in a meeting, all incoming communications may be dropped to a lower internal priority. At other times, various sensors may show the user is traveling between home and work and is free to receive messages (if the user rides public transportation), or doesn&#39;t want to receive messages (if the user drives himself). 
     b) Activity—A device&#39;s accelerometers may be able to detect whether the user is vertical, horizontal, motionless, moving slowly or rapidly, changing in speed/direction, etc. These factors may be analyzed to determine if the user is most likely lying down, sitting, standing, walking, running, or engaged in vigorous physical activity such as playing tennis This may in turn be combined with other sensor information, such as GPS coordinates, to determine if the user is commuting to/from work, sitting at home or work, exercising, reading a book in a library, etc. 
     c) Background sounds—The device may monitor background sounds to analyze the user&#39;s current status. For example, a moving car or bus may produce identifiable road noise, and the surrounding traffic sounds may also be identifiable. The sounds of clattering plates, tinkling silverware, and the occasional use of the words ‘menu’ and ‘refill’ may indicate a restaurant. When such things are combined with GPS coordinates, the user&#39;s location and activity may sometimes be identified with high confidence. 
     d) Device detached from the user—If the device is completely motionless for an extended period of time, it may indicate the user is not wearing or carrying it. The device may then try to contact an alternative communications system that the user has previously specified, based on the device&#39;s current location. For instance, if the user is at work the device may try to send a voice-version of the message to the user&#39;s office telephone. If the device is near the user&#39;s home PC, it may transmit an email version of the message to that PC. Or the device may simply return a message to the sender that the user is away from his primary communications device at this time. 
       FIG. 4  shows a flow diagram of a method of adapting the format of an incoming communication, according to an embodiment of the invention. In the illustrated embodiment, at  410  the device may determine the user&#39;s probable status (for example, by following the method of  FIG. 2 ). Based on that information, at  420  the device may determine which communication formats will be acceptable for the user to receive in his current status. When a communication is received at  430 , the device may determine at  440  if the format of that communication is one of the acceptable formats. If it is, the device may alert the user of the incoming communication at  460 . 
     If the format of the incoming communication is not one of the acceptable formats, as determined at  440 , the device may have multiple choices of what to do next. One choice is to convert the communication to an acceptable format at  450 , and then alert the user of it&#39;s presence at  460 . For example, if a voice call is received but the user is not accepting any interactive communications, the device may use a voice-to-text conversion program to convert the voice message to text, store that text in a file, and then alert the user that a stored text message was just received. 
     Alternately, the device may simply reject the incoming communication in its present format at  470 , and transmit a message to the sender at  480  that the message was not accepted. In some embodiments, this message may be in the same format as the received communication (e.g, voice for a voice call, text for a text message, etc.). In some embodiments, this message may suggest an alternate format that the sender can use that will be accepted by the user. 
     The system may communicate with the user using any number and type of communication channels, such as by providing a visual display on a display screen that is in communication with a device, audio, haptics, etc. However, since these channels are capable of being observed by others (e.g., display on a shared screen that others can see, sound from a speaker without a headset, buzzing or vibrating sound, etc.), a privacy level of each of these channels is identified so that the system may refer to the privacy level before communicating a message to the user. For example, privacy levels may be used by the system to determine the type and/or amount of information that may be appropriately shared with the user, such as if the user is using his laptop computer in a meeting or for a presentation where others might be looking at the display screen, the visual channel may not be regarded as private. In such case, a simple banner or short message may be displayed to indicate to the user that a more detailed message has been received and that the user may have to pull or open the message to read its detailed contents. In contrast, if the user has a headset on, the system may still avoid the display screen for the detailed message or simply provide a banner, but it may deliver the complete message to the user through a private audio channel using the headset. 
     Graphical Depiction of User Status 
     The status of the device&#39;s user may be conveyed to at least one other person, in response to various stimuli, by wirelessly communicating that information in a suitable format to the wireless device being operated by the other person. For example, in some embodiments this communication may be presented in a graphical format that conveys information about the user&#39;s status. In some embodiments this may be a graphically-generated avatar, indicating the location, activity, situation, devices in use, etc., that convey the user&#39;s status to another person. In various embodiments, the avatar may be animated or static. Some examples may include, but are not limited to: 1) a figure walking, running, sitting, standing, riding a bike, or riding in an automobile, may indicate the user is performing that action, 2) the figure&#39;s clothing (e.g., heavy coat or light T-shirt) may indicate the temperature the user is experiencing, 3) a picture of the user holding a communications device next to his ear may indicate the user is involved in a voice call, 4) a picture of a figure in bed with his eyes closed may indicate the user is asleep, 5) etc. 
     Other types of visual presentation may be used. Some examples may include, but are not limited to: 1) a picture of dark clouds or lightning may indicate the user is outdoors and experiencing foul weather, 2) a picture taken with the device&#39;s camera may show the user&#39;s surroundings, 3) a depiction of a restaurant, library, athletic stadium, etc., may indicate the user is at that type of establishment, 4) a topographical map or aerial photograph (available online) may show the user&#39;s location, 5) etc. Text information may also be included (such as an address and/or the name of the building or town) to provide more detail. 
     The graphical depictions that are used (e.g., an avatar of the user, pictures of various surroundings, etc.) may come from various sources, such as but not limited to: 1) a catalogue of depictions that were provided with the device and/or downloaded to the device, 2) graphics that are generated by the device, 3) custom depictions that are created by the user, 4) etc. In some embodiments, the user may select which depictions will be available for use. A selection process may be used to reduce all the available choices down to the few choices the user has approved for use. 
       FIG. 5  shows a matrix of selections presented on the device&#39;s display, according to an embodiment of the invention. In this example, the user may select which of the available choices he wishes the device to choose from when the device is choosing how to show the user&#39;s status. Instructions for making the selection may be in a separate area, shown here at the bottom of the device&#39;s display. A scrolling mechanism may be used to allow the user to scroll through the available choices. In some embodiments, different groups of selections may be defined by the user, and the group that is available at a particular time may depend on various factors, such as but not limited to the identify of the caller or requestor. In some embodiments, the currently active group may be manually chosen by the user. 
     This graphical presentation may be transmitted in response to various triggers, such as but not limited to: 1) it may be sent at a pre-determined time, based on an internal clock, 2) it may be sent at predetermined intervals, based on expiration of a timer, 3) it&#39;s transmission may be manually triggered by the user, 4) it may be sent when the user&#39;s condition changes according to certain predetermined criteria, 5) it may be sent to a caller in response to the user not answering the call, 6) it may be sent in response to a caller requesting it, 7) etc. 
     The choice of intended recipient(s) for this information may depend on various factors, such as but not limited to: 1) the recipient(s) may be manually chosen by the user or other authorized person (e.g., a person traveling alone may want to periodically transmit their status information to a close relative), 2) such information may be requested by various people that wish to receive it (on a one-time basis or an ongoing basis), provided they have been previously authorized by the user, 3) the list of recipients may be based on the frequency of recent communications with those recipients, 4) the list of recipients may vary automatically based on such things as the time of day, location of the user, activities of the user, a pre-programmed schedule, etc., 5) anyone that communicates with the user&#39;s device may be deemed an authorized recipient, 6) etc. 
     In another embodiment,  FIG. 5  may depict the display of a device that is receiving information on the situations of multiple other people. In this instance, each picture in the display may represent the status of a separate person, each of whom has a separate device capable of transmitting a message depicting the status of that particular person. As these status reports are received from these multiple other devices, the current device can collect them for simultaneous display. In some embodiments, the device will transmit a request for this status information only when the user needs it. In other embodiments, the device may proactively request such status automatically, and save the information in case the user needs it.  FIG. 5  shows one configuration for such a display, but other configurations may be used instead. In some embodiments, the user may specify the one or more people whose status is to be displayed, but in other embodiments the device may automatically make that choice, based on suitable criteria that has been previously gathered or derived. 
       FIGS. 6 and 7  show examples of a graphical depiction of a user&#39;s status, according to an embodiment of the invention.  FIG. 6  shows the user operating a computer.  FIG. 7  shows a user talking on a phone. In some embodiments, different depictions may be combined for the presentation. For example, a depiction of the user riding in a vehicle with the device against his ear, sitting next to an avatar of another person with their hands on a steering wheel, may indicate the user is talking on his phone while riding as a passenger in a car that another person is driving. 
     In some embodiments, the graphical depiction may be retrieved or constructed as a single-layered image. In other embodiments, the depiction may be constructed from multiple layers. For example, the lower layer may depict the background scenery, the next layer above it may depict a building sitting in that background, the next layer may depict various types of people around that building, the next layer may depict the user&#39;s avatar in front of those people, and the topmost layer may show the user&#39;s clothing and/or accessories. 
     When the recipient of such information receives this graphical representation, that recipient then has more information on which to base various decisions, such as but not limited to: 1) whether to try to contact the user, 2) what method to use when contacting the user, 3) whether to contact police if foul play is suspected, 4) etc. 
     In addition to depicting the user&#39;s location and/or activity, some presentations may depict the user&#39;s emotional state and/or physical state. Voice analysis may be used to determine the user is happy, tired, sleepy, angry, hysterical, etc. The sound of snoring, combined with a lack of motion, may indicate the user is asleep. Other such inputs may be used to determine other emotional states and physical states. In some embodiments, the user may select an emotional or physical state that he wishes to be depicted, regardless of what the sensors indicate. 
     In addition to the above factors, the determination of the user&#39;s status may be influenced by past activities and/or known preferences. For example, up-and-down motion combined with a certain range of horizontal speeds might be interpreted as horseback riding (if the user is an avid equestrian), mountain biking (if the user is an avid cyclist), or jogging (if the user is an avid runner). 
     Although the previous descriptions have all related to presenting the user&#39;s status with a graphics image, in some embodiments the information may be presented either in text form or through an audible presentation. This allows the user status to be presented when the requestor&#39;s device doesn&#39;t have the capability for a graphics display, or when the requestor has selected a non-graphics mode of presentation (e.g., when the requestor is driving a car and doesn&#39;t want to be distracted by a visual presentation). 
     Regardless of the sources of information that are used, some of the final decisions about the user&#39;s status may be based on assumptions. A confidence factor may be assigned to each assumption, to certain combinations of assumptions, and/or to the final result. In some embodiments, the result must have a confidence factor that is higher than a pre-defined threshold before the associated graphical depiction will be transmitted. In some embodiments, multiple possible results may be determined, and the one with the highest confidence factor will be selected for transmission. In some other embodiments, multiple presentations will be transmitted, with each showing a different possible status that has a high confidence factor. 
       FIG. 8  shows a flow diagram of a method of notifying another person of the user&#39;s status, according to an embodiment of the invention. In the illustrated embodiment, at  810  the device may determine the user&#39;s probable status (for example, by following the method of  FIG. 2 ). The device may then wait until a triggering event is detected at  820 . A triggering event is an event that triggers the device to transmit the user&#39;s status to another person or device. After determining the recipient(s) that are to receive this information at  830 , the device may construct or select a graphical depiction of the user&#39;s status at  840 . And at  850  the depiction may be transmitted to the recipient. 
     The format of the depiction may be based, at least partly, on the presentation capabilities of the recipient device, if that information is known. In some embodiments, the recipient may announce its capabilities, or request a preferred format, before the depiction is sent. If there are multiple recipients, the device may construct the depiction in multiple formats, each destined for a different recipient or group of recipients. 
     In one embodiment, the system may, over time, continue to collect behavioral information relating to the user, such information may include, but not limited to, call logs, communication channels, types of communication, contents of communication, etc. Such collected information may be leveraged and used by the system in any number of ways, such as a smartphone may automatically create a short cut for the most likely individuals to call based on the previous or historical behavior and context of the user. For example, the system may begin to propose suggestions on, for example, who to contact based on the context and previous behavior of the receiver. 
     One exemplary scenario of the user&#39;s previous behavior may include, but is not limited to, when the user has a few minutes to spare (e.g., 15 minutes or more), the user calls a set of friends (e.g., 3 closest friends, etc.). Using this scenario of the user&#39;s previous behavior, the system may check to see whether those 3 friends are free (e.g., based on context) and if one or more of the friends are free, the system may prompt the user to place the to the one more friends who are determined to be free and, in some embodiments, the system may even provide an icon or a shortcut to help initiate the call(s). In one embodiment, the system may identify a shift in behavior, such as communication pattern or behavior, and may make the user aware of such shifts or changes in behavior and even propose relevant ideas. For example, if the user has not communicated with her brother in over 2 months, the system may indicate to the user that she has lost touch with her brother and that it has been over 2 months since the last communication and, in some embodiments, may recommend calling the brother by providing an icon or a shortcut to facilitate easy initiation of the call. The aforementioned are merely few examples of any number and type of tasks that a participating device may perform based on historical usage patterns and current context. 
     The foregoing description is intended to be illustrative and not limiting. Variations will occur to those of skill in the art. Those variations are intended to be included in the various embodiments of the invention, which are limited only by the scope of the following claims.