Patent Publication Number: US-2015070135-A1

Title: Security system and device therefor

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a security system and device and particularly, but not exclusively, to a secondary entry key for a security system that is co-operative with a primary entry key for the same security system. The invention finds advantageous application with vehicles and may provide a more compact, lightweight and waterproof entry key that may be used to lock and unlock a vehicle. Aspects of the invention relate to a system, to a key, to a vehicle and to a method. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Smart key fobs are commonly used for gaining entry to and securely locking vehicles. Smart key fobs are also used to enable operation of the vehicle for driving, by disabling the vehicle&#39;s immobiliser and activating the vehicle&#39;s ignition. Smart key fobs do not require the use of a mechanical key to unlock and lock a vehicle or initiate operation of the vehicle&#39;s engine. Rather encrypted communication between the key and a computerised control system of the vehicle enables the vehicle to determine that the smart key fob is present and then automatically carry out certain tasks. For example, a control system of a vehicle can detect the presence of the smart key fob within range of the vehicle and unlock the vehicle; a control system of the vehicle can detect the presence of the smart key fob within the vehicle and will (typically upon receiving additional input commands from a user) allow the engine of the vehicle to be started. 
     Typically, a smart key fob is about 8-10 cm long, about 4-5 cm wide and about 2-3 cm deep. The smart key fob may weigh about 50 g-80 g and can be costly to replace if lost, damaged or stolen. This is because of the time and costs involved in replacing and possibly re-programming the technical components comprised in the smart key fob (including a battery) that enables it to securely communicate with a control system and because of the time and costs that may be involved in re-programming the vehicle&#39;s control system to allow it to accept a new smart key fob. Additionally, loss of the smart key fob could lead to the theft of the vehicle since unauthorised access to the vehicle could be gained. 
     In a variety of situations the driver of a vehicle may prefer not to carry with him the smart key fob due to its size and/or due to the risk of damage and/or potential loss of the smart key fob (given the costs and inconvenience that would be incurred by losing or damaging it). For example, the user of the smart key fob may have driven to a destination where he intends to carry out a leisure activity such as surfing and does not want to carry the smart key fob on his person because of the likelihood of it being lost on the beach, in the sea or becoming water damaged. Many other situations arise where at his destination the driver and other users of the vehicle may not wish to carry the smart key fob on their person or within their kit. 
     The present invention seeks to provide an improvement in the field of secure entry systems that has particular application for vehicles. The invention may be utilised in applications other than for vehicles, for example it is foreseen that the invention may have application in buildings for example houses. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Aspects of the invention provide a key, a system, a vehicle and a method as claimed in the appended claims. 
     According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a secondary key that is co-operative with a primary key or control system of a security system such that operation of the secondary key can cause, at least to some extent, the primary key to be disabled or at least the functionality of the primary entry key to be adjusted or limited. 
     According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a security system for a vehicle, comprising a control unit, a locking system, a primary key and a secondary key, the primary key and the secondary key each normally able to activate and deactivate the locking system, whereupon operation of the secondary key to activate the locking system, one or more of the primary key&#39;s privileges are denied or revoked such that the primary key is not permitted to control some or all of the functions that the primary key is normally able to control and/or upon operation of the secondary key to deactivate the locking system, one or more of the primary key&#39;s privileges are reinstated such that the primary key is re-permitted to control some or all of the functions that the primary key is normally able to control. 
     In an embodiment, initiating the use of the secondary key may influence and/or disable the functionality of the primary key (such as smart key system) such that the primary key cannot be used to gain entry to a vehicle or initiate operation of the engine of a vehicle. In an embodiment, initiating the use of the secondary key of the invention by locking the vehicle renders a primary key stowed within the vehicle dormant so that that primary key may not be used for initiating operation of the vehicle. 
     Optionally, the secondary key comprises only passive components and does not require a battery for its operation. The passive nature of the secondary key may enable the secondary key to be more compact than the primary key. Optionally, the secondary key is lighter in weight than the primary key and optionally the secondary key is housed in a structure or otherwise arranged such that it is waterproof. Optionally, the secondary key is operable to perform a more limited set of functions compared to the primary key. When the present invention is applied to a vehicle and used in conjunction with a primary key, the present invention provides a secondary key that allows one or more primary keys to be locked inside the vehicle. 
     According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a security system suitable for a vehicle, comprising a control unit, a locking system, a primary key and a secondary key, the primary key and the secondary key are each normally operable to activate and deactivate the locking system, wherein upon operation of the secondary key to activate the locking system, at least some or all of the functionality of the primary key is caused to be disabled and/or the control unit is caused to temporarily ignore command signals transmitted by the primary key, wherein the secondary key comprises at least one transponder or transceiver. 
     According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a security system suitable for a vehicle, comprising a control unit, a locking system, a primary key and more than one secondary key, the primary key and the secondary keys are each normally operable to activate and deactivate the locking system, wherein upon operation of a secondary key to activate the locking system, at least some or all of the functionality of the primary key is caused to be disabled and/or the control unit is caused to temporarily ignore command signals transmitted by the primary key, and wherein one or more of those secondary keys has privileges that are different to the privileges of at least one other of those secondary keys. 
     According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a security system suitable for a vehicle, comprising a control unit, a locking system, a primary key and a secondary key, the primary key and the secondary key are each normally operable to activate and deactivate the locking system, wherein upon operation of the secondary key to activate the locking system, at least some or all of the functionality of the primary key is caused to be disabled and/or the control unit is caused to temporarily ignore command signals transmitted by the primary key when certain criteria are met, wherein said certain criteria comprises: the primary key being within a specified range of the control unit. 
     For any of the preceding embodiments, it may be that the secondary key comprises at least one transponder or transceiver. 
     Optionally, the secondary key may be arranged to communicate with the control unit either directly or indirectly, to cause the control unit to ignore certain instructions or requests issued by the primary key thereby limiting at least some or all of the control of the primary key. 
     Alternatively or additionally, the secondary key may be arranged to communicate with the control unit either directly or indirectly, to cause the control unit to issue a command signal to the primary key instructing the primary key to stop issuing request and/or instruction signals. 
     Alternatively or additionally, upon operation of the secondary key to activate the locking system, at least some or all of the functionality of the primary key may be caused to be disabled by a command signal issued to the primary key instructing the primary key to stop issuing request and/or instruction signals, said command signal may be issued by the secondary key or may be issued by a transmitter disposed within the vehicle body. 
     Optionally, upon operation of the secondary key to activate the locking system, at least some or all of the functionality of the primary key is caused to be disabled and/or the control unit is caused to temporarily ignore command signals transmitted by the primary key when certain criteria are met, wherein said certain criteria comprises: the primary key being within a specified range of the control unit; and the secondary key being outside a specified range of the control unit. Further optionally, the primary key is thereby rendered entirely dormant or inactive and cannot be used to operate the locking system. 
     According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a security system for a vehicle, comprising a control unit, a locking system, a primary key and a secondary key, the primary key and the secondary key each normally operable to activate and deactivate the locking system and upon operation of the secondary key to de-activate the locking system, at least some or all of the functionality of the primary key is caused to be re-enabled and/or the control unit is caused to respond to command signals transmitted to it by the primary key, wherein the secondary key comprises at least one transponder or transceiver. 
     According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a security system for a vehicle, comprising a control unit, a locking system, a primary key and more than one secondary key, the primary key and the secondary keys each normally operable to activate and deactivate the locking system and upon operation of a secondary key to de-activate the locking system, at least some or all of the functionality of the primary key is caused to be re-enabled and/or the control unit is caused to respond to command signals transmitted to it by the primary key wherein one or more of those secondary keys has privileges that are different to the privileges of at least one other of those secondary keys. 
     According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a security system for a vehicle, comprising a control unit, a locking system, a primary key and a secondary key, the primary key and the secondary key each normally operable to activate and deactivate the locking system and upon operation of the secondary key to de-activate the locking system, at least some or all of the functionality of the primary key is caused to be re-enabled and/or the control unit is caused to respond to command signals transmitted to it by the primary key when certain criteria are met, wherein said certain criteria comprises: the primary key being within a specified range of the control unit. 
     Optionally, upon using the secondary key to de-activate the locking system, the primary key is caused to be re-enabled only such that its presence within a specified range of the control unit can be verified and/or the control unit is caused to respond to command signals transmitted to it by the primary key only such that the presence of the primary key within a specified range of the control unit can be verified. 
     Optionally, upon verification of the presence of the primary key within the specified range, the control unit may be arranged to respond to any instructions or requests issued by the primary key thereby re-enabling all of the functionality of the primary key. 
     As a further optional feature, upon verification of the presence of the primary key within the specified range, the control unit may be arranged to issue a command signal to the primary key instructing the primary key to start issuing request and/or instruction signals. 
     Additionally, or alternatively, upon verification that the primary key is within the specified range, at least some or all of the functionality of the primary key may be caused to be re-enabled by a command signal issued to the primary key instructing the primary key to start issuing request and/or instruction signals, said command signal may be issued by the secondary key or by a transmitter disposed within the vehicle body. 
     Optionally, upon operation of the secondary key to de-activate the locking system, at least some or all of the functionality of the primary key may be caused to be re-enabled and/or the control unit may be caused to respond to command signals transmitted by the primary key when certain criteria are met, wherein said certain criteria comprises: the primary key being within a specified range of the control unit; and the secondary key being outside of a specified range of the control unit. The specified range may be the boundary of the vehicle. 
     Optionally, the primary key may be arranged to communicate with the control unit:
         to activate an ignition of a vehicle;   to deactivate an immobiliser of the vehicle;   to activate the locking system of the security system so as to lock the vehicle doors; and/or   to deactivate the locking system of the security system so as to unlock the vehicle doors.       

     As a further optional feature, the primary and/or secondary key may be portable. 
     Optionally, the secondary key may be lower in weight than the primary key and/or may be smaller in size than the primary key and/or may be a passive device and/or the primary key may be an active device. 
     Additionally or alternatively, the secondary key may comprise a Radio Frequency (RF) transponder. Optionally, the RF transponder may be embedded in any one or more of: a waterproof device; a wearable device; a wrist watch; a wrist band; a plastic payment card. 
     According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a vehicle comprising a security system as described in the preceding paragraphs, wherein the primary key may be normally operable to disengage an immobiliser of the vehicle and activate an ignition of the vehicle by communicating with the control unit of the security system only when the primary key is within the interior of the vehicle. 
     Optionally, upon operation of the secondary key to activate the locking system, at least some or all of the functionality of the primary key is caused to be disabled and/or the control unit is caused to temporarily ignore command signals transmitted by the primary key. 
     Optionally, the secondary key may only be operable to cause activation and deactivation of the locking system and may have no other capability and upon the secondary key being used to activate or deactivate the locking system, the control unit may be arranged to issue a command signal to the primary key to temporarily disable the primary key or to re-enable the primary key. 
     Optionally, the secondary key may only be operable to cause activation and deactivation of the locking system and to store certain data and has no other capability and upon the secondary key being used to activate or deactivate the locking system, the control unit may be arranged to issue a command signal to the primary key to temporarily disable the primary key or to re-enable the primary key. Optionally, the secondary key is able to store biometric data. 
     According to yet a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a secondary key for a security system as described in the above paragraphs, which may be co-operative with a primary key such that operation of the secondary key may cause, at least to some extent, the primary key to be disabled and/or for command signals issued by the primary key to be at least temporarily ignored by a control unit of the security system. 
     The compact nature of the secondary key, which may not comprise a battery, may provide a convenient and robust secondary key that is optionally waterproof and further optionally embedded in a device such as a payment card, watch, loyalty card and many other items as well. 
     Optionally, the security system may comprise more than one secondary key and/or more than one primary key. Further optionally, there comprises more than one secondary key and one or more of those secondary keys has privileges that are different to the privileges of at least one other of those secondary keys. 
     According to still a further aspect of the invention there is provided a security system suitable for a vehicle, the security system comprising a control unit, a locking system, one or more radio frequency antennae and an entry key comprising a radio frequency transponder, the entry key and/or transponder comprising a memory for storing encrypted access data and the radio frequency antennae operable to verify that access data and the security system operable to enable the activation and deactivation of said locking system upon verification of said access data. 
     Optionally, the security system may be further operable to enable the activation and deactivation of the vehicle&#39;s immobiliser and ignition upon verification of said access data. 
     According to an even further aspect of the invention there is provided a key for use in the security system described in any of the relevant preceding paragraphs wherein the key comprises a radio frequency transponder, a memory for storing encrypted access data and is embedded within or otherwise encased or housed in a medium such that the key is waterproof and/or is wearable. 
     According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of operation of a security system, the method comprising:
         (i) receiving a signal from a secondary key to activate a locking system of the security system, the secondary key comprising at least one transceiver or transponder;   (ii) verifying the presence of a primary key within a specified range of a control unit of the security system;   (iii) causing at least some or all of the functionality of the primary key to be disabled and/or causing the control unit to temporarily ignore command signals transmitted by the primary key.       

     According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of operation of a security system, the method comprising:
         (i) receiving a signal from one of a plurality of secondary keys to activate a locking system of the security system;   (ii) verifying the presence of a primary key within a specified range of a control unit of the security system;   (iii) causing at least some or all of the functionality of the primary key to be disabled and/or causing the control unit to temporarily ignore command signals transmitted by the primary key,   wherein one or more of those secondary keys has privileges that are different to the privileges of at least one other of those secondary keys.       

     According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of operation of a security system, the method comprising:
         (i) receiving a signal from a secondary key to activate a locking system of the security system;   (ii) verifying the presence of a primary key within a specified range of a control unit of the security system;   (iii) causing at least some or all of the functionality of the primary key to be disabled and/or causing the control unit to temporarily ignore command signals transmitted by the primary key.       

     The method may further comprise verifying the presence of the secondary key outside of a specified range of the security system before causing at least some or all of the functionality of the primary key to be disabled and/or causing the control unit to temporarily ignore command signals transmitted by the primary key 
     According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of operation of a security system, the method comprising:
         (i) receiving a signal from a secondary key to de-activate a locking system of the security system, the secondary key comprising at least one transceiver or transponder;   (ii) verifying the presence of a primary key within a specified range of a control unit of the security system;   (iii) causing at least some or all of the functionality of the primary key to be re-enabled and/or causing the control unit to respond to command signals transmitted by the primary key.       

     According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of operation of a security system, the method comprising:
         (i) receiving a signal from one of a plurality of secondary keys to de-activate a locking system of the security system;   (ii) verifying the presence of a primary key within a specified range of a control unit of the security system;   (iii) causing at least some or all of the functionality of the primary key to be re-enabled and/or causing the control unit to respond to command signals transmitted by the primary key,   wherein one or more of those secondary keys has privileges that are different to the privileges of at least one other of those secondary keys.       

     According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of operation of a security system, the method comprising:
         (i) receiving a signal from a secondary key to de-activate a locking system of the security system;   (ii) verifying the presence of a primary key within a specified range of a control unit of the security system;   (iii) causing at least some or all of the functionality of the primary key to be re-enabled and/or causing the control unit to respond to command signals transmitted by the primary key.       

     The method may further comprise verifying the presence of the secondary key outside of a specified range of the security system before causing at least some or all of the functionality of the primary key to be re-enabled and/or causing the control unit to respond to command signals transmitted by the primary key. 
     Optionally, the method may comprise:
         (i) providing a primary key normally operable to activate and deactivate a locking system of a vehicle and normally operable to communicate with a control unit of the security system to deactivate an immobiliser of a vehicle and to activate an ignition of a vehicle;   (ii) providing a secondary key normally operable only to activate and deactivate a locking system of a vehicle, the secondary key comprising at least one transceiver or transponder;   (ii) programming a control unit or providing a control unit that is already programmed such that the control unit, upon receiving a signal from the secondary key to activate the locking system is:
           arranged to verify the presence of the primary key within a specified range of the control unit; and   arranged to issue a command to the primary key to disable it; and/or   arranged to ignore any command signals received by it from the primary key.   
               

     Optionally, the method may comprise:
         (i) providing a primary key normally operable to activate and deactivate a locking system of a vehicle and normally operable to communicate with a control unit of the security system to deactivate an immobiliser of a vehicle and to activate an ignition of a vehicle;   (ii) providing more than one secondary key normally operable only to activate and deactivate a locking system of a vehicle;   (ii) programming a control unit or providing a control unit that is already programmed such that the control unit, upon receiving a signal from a secondary key to activate the locking system is:
           arranged to verify the presence of the primary key within a specified range of the control unit; and   arranged to issue a command to the primary key to disable it; and/or   arranged to ignore any command signals received by it from the primary key,   
           wherein one or more of those secondary keys has privileges that are different to the privileges of at least one other of those secondary keys.       

     Optionally, the method may comprise:
         (i) providing a primary key normally operable to activate and deactivate a locking system of a vehicle and normally operable to communicate with a control unit of the security system to deactivate an immobiliser of a vehicle and to activate an ignition of a vehicle;   (ii) providing a secondary key normally operable only to activate and deactivate a locking system of a vehicle;   (ii) programming a control unit or providing a control unit that is already programmed such that the control unit, upon receiving a signal from the secondary key to activate the locking system is:
           arranged to verify the presence of the primary key within a specified range of the control unit; and   arranged to issue a command to the primary key to disable it; and/or   arranged to ignore any command signals received by it from the primary key.   
               

     The control unit may also be arranged to verify the presence of the secondary key outside of a specified range of the security system before issuing a command to the primary key to disable it and/or ignoring any command signals received by it from the primary key. 
     According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a program for a control unit for use in a security system according to any of the preceding paragraphs related to a security system, the program once installed on said control unit being executable such that upon receiving a signal from a secondary key to activate a locking system of the security system, the control unit is arranged to verify the presence of the primary key within a specified range of the control unit; and is arranged to issue a command to the primary key to disable it; and/or is arranged to ignore any command signals received by it from the primary key thereby rendering the primary key dormant or deactivated 
     Throughout the foregoing at least the following terms may be used to refer to the primary entry key: smart key, smart key fob, primary entry key and primary key. Throughout the foregoing at least the following terms may be used to refer to the secondary key of the present invention: secondary entry key, and leisure key. These terms are used for convenience and are not intended to be limiting in any way. 
     Within the scope of this application it is envisaged that the various aspects, embodiments, examples, features and alternatives set out in the preceding paragraphs, in the claims and/or in the following description and drawings may be taken independently or in any combination thereof. For example, features described in connection with one embodiment are applicable to all embodiments unless there is incompatibility of features. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a plan view of a vehicle having a security system according to an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a plan view of the front of a secondary key (leisure key) according to an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective view from the front and side of a secondary key disposed in a housing according to an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view from above of a secondary key disposed in a housing according to an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 5  is an instruction flow chart illustrating a sequence of operations of one aspect of the security system according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein a smart key has been locked within the vehicle and a leisure key is used to unlock the vehicle and reactivate the smart key; 
         FIG. 6  is an instruction flow chart illustrating a sequence of operations of another aspect of the security system according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein a primary key (smart key) is left in the vehicle and the leisure key is used to lock the vehicle and deactivate the smart key; 
         FIG. 7  is an instruction flow chart illustrating a sequence of operations of one aspect of the security system according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein a smart key has been locked within the vehicle and the leisure key is used to unlock the vehicle and only selectively reactivate the smart key; and 
         FIG. 8  is an instruction flow chart illustrating a sequence of operations of the security system according to another embodiment of the invention wherein the secondary key is operable to activate the ignition. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Detailed descriptions of specific embodiments of the security system and security devices of the present invention are disclosed herein. It will be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely examples of the way in which certain aspects of the invention can be implemented and do not represent an exhaustive list of all of the ways the invention may be embodied. Indeed, it will be understood that the security system and security devices described herein may be embodied in various and alternative forms. The figures are not necessarily to scale and some features may be exaggerated or minimised to show details of particular components. Well-known components, materials or methods are not necessarily described in great detail in order to avoid obscuring the present disclosure. Any specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the invention. 
     The invention has benefit when applied to a vehicle, but it should be understood that other beneficial applications of the invention will become apparent upon reading the foregoing. In particular it is envisaged that the invention may be applicable to security systems installed in houses and other buildings as well as a range of vehicles and not only a car (as illustrated). 
     Referring to  FIG. 1  there is shown a plan view of a vehicle  20  which, in this example, is a car. A security system  40  for the vehicle  20  is notionally illustrated by a dotted outline. The security system  40  comprises: one or more control units  30 , a primary key  10  (that is optionally portable), a secondary key  22  (that is optionally portable) and a locking system  32  fitted into the vehicle  20 . The or each control unit  30  may take the form of an onboard computer system, processor or electronic control unit (ECU) capable of issuing and/or receiving signals, in particular signals to detect the presence or absence primary key  10  and encrypted signals for communicating with the primary key  10 . Additionally the control unit  30  is operable to control the activation of the vehicle&#39;s immobiliser and ignition, as well as the locking system and/or other devices of the vehicle  20 , by issuing command signals. The locking system  32  may take the form of one or more electronically operable locks usable to securely lock the doors of the vehicle  20  to prevent opening and thereby restrict access to the vehicle  20 . The portable primary key  10  is typically referred to as a smart key  10 , smart key entry system  10  or smart key fob  10 . The secondary key  22  is optionally referred to as a leisure key  22 . 
     Smart keys are known in the art. A smart key  10  is typically an electronic access and authorization system that allows a user to keep the smart key fob  10  stowed, for example within their pocket, when unlocking, locking and starting a vehicle  20 . The smart key  10  is normally identified by a transceiver and one or more antennas (not shown) disposed within the vehicle&#39;s bodywork and a corresponding transceiver (not shown) within the housing of the smart key  10 . In use, the vehicle  20  is automatically unlocked when the door handle, boot (trunk) release, and/or an exterior button is pressed, provided that the smart key  10  is within a certain proximity of the vehicle&#39;s antennae. 
     The smart key  10  is also co-operable with the control unit  30  of the vehicle to engage and disengage the immobiliser of the vehicle  20  and to activate the ignition of the vehicle  20  without actually inserting the key into the ignition, provided again that the smart key  10  is disposed within a boundary defined by the vehicle  20  and/or a certain internal proximity or specified range of the vehicle  20  and/or control unit  30 , for example inside the vehicle  20 , within the vehicle  20  or within a compartment of the vehicle  20 . The smart key  10  is usually an active device comprising a battery and is therefore capable of carrying out encrypted and preferably wireless communication with the control unit  30  using, for example, blue-tooth, wireless LAN (Wi-Fi) or other suitable means. 
     When the smart key  10  is removed from the vehicle  20  and is outside of the vehicle boundary or the specified range of the control unit  30 , antennae (not necessarily shown) are usable to determine that the smart key  10  is outside of the vehicle  20 . The vehicle  20  is then lockable, for example by pressing a button on one of the door handles or by simply walking away from the vehicle. Contingency mechanisms prevent the vehicle  20  from being locked when the smart key  10  (primary key  10 ) is inside the vehicle  20 . This prevents a user from locking himself out of the vehicle  20 . Thus, vehicles of the prior art may only be securely locked to prevent unauthorised entry to the vehicle  20  (which may result in damage or loss of the vehicle  20 ) when the smart key  10  is outside of the vehicle  20 . 
     The present invention provides a secondary key  22  (leisure key  22 ) that allows the smart key  10  to be locked inside the vehicle  20 . The security system  40  can be operated to deactivate or render at least some or all of the functionality of the primary key  10  dormant upon use of the leisure key  22  to activate the locking system  32  and/or when other certain criteria is met. For example, when the smart key  10  is disposed within the vehicle  20  (for example within a specified range of the control unit  30 ) and the leisure key  22  (secondary key  22 ) is outside of the vehicle  20  and is used to activate the locking system  32  of the vehicle  20 , then the smart key  10  is at least to some extent disabled, not-enabled, rendered dormant, deactivated, temporarily put out of use or otherwise disengaged from communicating with the security system  40 . 
     Optionally, the use of the leisure key  22  involves positioning the leisure key  22  within a readable distance of one or more antennae  26  of the vehicle  20 . Upon verification of an access code of the leisure key  22 , the security system  40  will enable communication between a transmitter associated with the antennae  26  and/or the control unit  30  and/or the primary key  10  to occur. The command sequences that may optionally be used in such communication between the devices of the security system  40  are described further below. 
     In an embodiment of the invention, when the smart key  10  is within the vehicle  20  and the leisure key  22  is used to lock the vehicle  20  then the smart key  10  is rendered entirely disabled. By “entirely disabled” it is meant that the smart key  10  cannot be used to action any functions that the primary key  10  can usually control. For example, when the primary key  10  is rendered entirely disabled or otherwise entirely deactivated, it cannot be used to activate or deactivate the locking system  32  nor can it be used to disengage or engage an immobilizer, nor can the primary key  10  be used to activate the ignition. In other embodiments of the invention, operation of the leisure key  22  to activate the locking system  32  causes the security system  40  to render the primary key  10  only partially disabled or selectively deactivated, as such the primary key  10  may retain some degree of operability for example it may be able to communicate with the control unit  30  when the control unit  30  polls the primary key  10  in order to verify that the primary key  10  is still disposed within a specified range of the vehicle  20 . Where the term “disabled” has been used, this may mean “entirely deactivated” or it may mean “partially deactivated” unless otherwise specified. 
     The specific mechanism by which the primary key  10  is deactivated by the security system  40  may take many and various suitable forms, for example, in one embodiment of the invention, upon use of the leisure key  22  to activate the locking system  32 , the control unit  30  issues a signal to the primary key  10  instructing the primary key  10  not to issue any further command or request signals or not to issue any of a specific selection of further command or request signals. In another embodiment upon use of the leisure key  22  to activate the locking system  32 , the control unit  30  is configured to ignore all or ignore selected request or instruction signals issued by the primary key  10 . By doing this the primary key  10 , although switched on, is not able to action all or selected functions that the primary key  10  can usually control because the control unit  30  will not listen to or respond to those commands. In yet a further embodiment, upon use of the leisure key  22  to activate the locking system  32 , a component of the vehicle  20  or security system  40 , other than the control unit  30 , issues a signal to the primary key  10  instructing the primary key  10  not to issue any further command or request signals or not to issue any of a specific selection of further command or request signals The signal commanding the primary key  10  to stop operating may be issued by a transmitter associated with the antennae  26  used to verify the presence of the leisure key  22  for activating the locking system  32 . 
     Similarly, operation of the leisure key  22  to deactivate the locking system  32  can trigger the reactivation of a primary key  10  stowed within the vehicle  20  and previously deactivated. As such upon use of the leisure key  22  to deactivate the locking system  32  the primary key will be entirely, or at least selectively permitted to communicate with the security system  40  and entirely or at least selectively permitted to action or control certain functions of the vehicle  20 . To ensure that the primary key  10  is only reactivated when an authorized person has it in their control, the security system  40  or control unit  30  may conduct one or more checks prior to enabling the primary key  10  to resume normal or to resume a restricted operation. For example, the control unit  30  may attempt to verify the presence of the primary key  10  within the vehicle  20 . If the primary key  10  is not present, the primary key  10  will not be reactivated and if not entirely disabled, the control unit  30  may be configured to action an entire disablement of that primary key&#39;s operability. However, if the primary key  10  is present within the vehicle  20  then the primary key  10  may be permitted to resume normal or resume a restricted operation. 
     The specific mechanism by which the primary key  10  is permitted to resume all or selected operation by the security system  40  may take many and various suitable forms, for example, in one embodiment of the invention, upon use of the leisure key  22  to de-activate the locking system  32 , the control unit  30  issues a signal to the primary key  10  instructing the primary key  10  that it can now issue any command or request signals or that it can now issue any of a specific selection of further command or request signals. In another embodiment upon use of the leisure key  22  to de-activate the locking system  32 , the control unit  30  is configured to stop ignoring (or start listening) to all or to selected request or instruction signals issued by the primary key  10 . In yet a further embodiment, upon use of the leisure key  22  to de-activate the locking system  32 , a component of the vehicle  20  or security system  40 , other than the control unit  30 , issues a signal to the primary key  10  instructing the primary key  10  that it is now permitted to issue any command or request signals or that it is now permitted to issue any of a specific selection of further command or request signals. The signal commanding the primary key  10  to start operating again may be issued by a transmitter associated with the antennae  26  used to verify the presence of the leisure key  22  for deactivating the locking system  32 . 
     Whereas the smart key  10  and the leisure key  22  are each normally operable to activate and deactivate the locking system  32  of the security system  40 , only the smart key  10  is normally operable to activate and deactivate an immobiliser and the ignition of the vehicle  20 . However, if the smart key  10  is left within the vehicle  20 , once the leisure key  22  is used to lock the vehicle  20 , the smart key  10  is not permitted to deactivate an immobiliser and activate the ignition of the vehicle  20  (and optionally the primary key&#39;s  10  ability to operate other functionality of the vehicle  20  is disabled). As such, if unauthorised entry is gained to a vehicle  20  locked by the leisure key  22  and in which the smart key  10  has been left, the smart key  10  will not function either to enable the vehicle&#39;s  20  immobiliser to be disengaged or to activate the ignition. 
     The leisure key  22  of the presently described and illustrated embodiment is not provided with the functionality to cause operation of the immobiliser and/or ignition. However in alternative embodiments it is envisaged that the security system  40  will be configured such that the leisure key  22  is operable to activate and/or deactivate the immobiliser and/or ignition and/or other features of the vehicle  20 . 
     The leisure key  22  of the illustrated embodiment is a passive device and contains no battery. The leisure key  22  is optionally limited to only being able to lock and unlock one or more doors of the vehicle  20  by cooperation with one or more antennae  26  disposed within said one or more doors. In some other envisaged embodiments, a battery may be included for low-power functions whilst still enabling the battery to be light-weight. The leisure key  22  of the presently described embodiment optionally comprises an RF (radio frequency) transponder  50  (also referred to as an RFID tag). The antennae  26  may optionally be positioned within the driver&#39;s door, optionally located in, or within close proximity to, the door handle and the boot release (trunk) of the vehicle  20 . It will be understood that the specific number and position of antennae is an optional feature and whereas positioning close to the normal operating handles of the vehicle  20  provides convenience, other suitable positions for the antennae  26  may be used. The antennae  26  may have a reasonably short range  28  (range  28  may also be referred to as an interrogation zone  28 ). Typically, the range  28  of the antennae  26  is about 1 cm to about 5 cm. The range may be dependent upon a number of factors, including, but not exclusively, the frequency of operation and the method of coupling used to transmit data to the reader  26 , which may be adjusted to alter the range  28 . When the leisure key  22  is disposed within the interrogation zone  28 , the RF transponder  50  (for example) disposed within the leisure key  22  can be identified. If it has the correct identity it may be used to lock or unlock the vehicle  20 . 
     Optionally a secure encryption coding such as AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) 128 bit encryption is used to encrypt the communication between the antennae  28  and the transponder  50 . Other suitable encryption methods may be used in other embodiments. The leisure key  22  has at least one storage medium or memory wherein one of those storage medium is restrictively accessible by the manufacturer and approved service engineers. One or more other memories or storage media is optionally accessible by a user of the leisure key  22  for uploading and downloading data, such as but not limited to personal data relating to activities and meetings scheduled and data relating to the same such as GPS data for their destination. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the leisure key  22  is more compact than the smart key  10  and has a restricted functionality compared to the smart key  10 . In addition, the secondary key  22  (leisure key  22 ) is advantageously lighter in weight and/or smaller in size than the primary key  10 . The leisure key  22  may be a passive device. 
     In an embodiment, the leisure key  22  is housed in a waterproof housing. In an embodiment, the leisure key  22  is formed within a plastic payment card. This is illustrated in  FIG. 2 , wherein it is illustrated that an RF (radio frequency) transponder  50  is embedded within the plastic payment card to form the leisure key  22 . The leisure key  22  of the illustrated embodiment is about 8 cm long by about 5 cm wide by about 0.1 cm in depth. The leisure key  22  is therefore slim line, compact and lightweight compared to the smart key  10 . 
     In  FIG. 5  an instruction flow chart illustrating a sequence of operations of one aspect of the security system  40  of an embodiment of the invention is shown. In this sequence, a smart key  10  has already been locked within the vehicle  20  and a leisure key  22  is being used to unlock the vehicle  20  and reactivate the smart key  10 . This scenario is depicted in  FIG. 1 . To start, the antennae or RF reader  26  intermittently (or optionally continuously) is activated to poll the RFID transponder  50  of the leisure key  22 . If the leisure key  22  transponder  50  is out of the interrogation zone  28  then the antennae or RF reader  26  is paused in a low-power mode for an interval. The reader  26  is then reactivated to poll again. If the RFID transponder  50  is within the interrogation zone  28  then the current drawn by (the power consumption of) the reader  26  is increased to enable the reader  26  to perform further functions. 
     The reader  26  then reads the RFID tag/RF transponder  50  and is able to check an access code. If the access code is verified then the vehicle  20  is caused to be unlocked. The disabled smart key  10  that was stowed in the vehicle  20  is then re-activated and the vehicle is allowed to start. Although not illustrated, it is anticipated that prior to re-activating the smart key  10 , the security system  40  will verify that the smart key  10  is still positioned within the vehicle  20 . The reactivation of the smart key  10  optionally will not require any mechanical adaptation of the smart key  10  and optionally may not require any direct electronic interaction with the smart key  10  or direct communication with the smart key  10 . Rather the control unit  30  of the vehicle may receive a signal from the RF reader  26  in response to which the control unit  30  will “stop ignoring” or will again “listen” to the one or more smart keys  10  disposed within the vehicle  20 . The control unit  30  will know the identity of the one or more smart keys  10  disposed within the vehicle because the internal antennae (not illustrated) will have been used to poll and verify the identification of those smart keys  10 . 
     Alternatively, if the identity of the leisure key  22  is not verified then the vehicle  20  will not be unlocked. The reader  26  current will be reduced until the reader polls for an RFID tag  50  and finds it in range  28 . By requiring verification of an access code the leisure key entry system is secure. 
     In  FIG. 6  an instruction flow chart illustrating a sequence of operations of a second aspect of the security system  40  of an embodiment of the invention is shown. The smart key  10  is left in the vehicle  20  and the leisure key  22  is used to lock the vehicle  20  and deactivate the smart key  10 . The reader  26  polls the transponder  50  of the leisure key  22  and if the leisure key  22  is within the interrogation zone  28  the read current is increased so that the RFID reader  26  can compare the access code of the leisure key  22  to verify its identity. Once the access code has been verified the reader  26  will allow, optionally by communicating with a control unit  30  of the vehicle  20 , one or more doors (including the boot) to be locked and the smart key  10  to be deactivated. The deactivation of the smart key  10  will not necessarily require any mechanical adaptation of the smart key  10  and optionally may not require any direct electronic interaction or direct communication with the smart key  10 . Rather the control unit  30  of the vehicle may receive a signal from the RF reader  26  in response to which the control unit  30  will “ignore” the one or more smart keys  10  disposed within the vehicle  20 . The control unit  30  will know the identity of the one or more smart keys  10  disposed within the vehicle  20  because the internal antennae (not illustrated) will have been used to poll and verify those smart keys  10 . Because the control system  30  has been set to ignore any instructions or requests issued by the smart key  10 , the smart key has effectively been disabled. 
     In order to reduce the amount of power used by the antennae  26 , the antennae  26  may be programmed to poll for a leisure key  22  for a specified amount of time and then after that allotted time to stop polling and thus stop using power. Polling may then be initiated by a user of the leisure key  22  by, for example, attempting to use a handle or pushing a button on the outside of the vehicle  20 . 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 3 and 4  there are shown alternative embodiments of the leisure key  22  of the present invention. In the alternative illustrated embodiments, like numerals have, where possible, been used to denote like parts, albeit with the addition of the prefix “100” and “200” to indicate that these features belong to the alternative embodiments respectively. 
     In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the leisure key  122  is a wrist watch, having a transponder  150  embedded in its strap. As such, the leisure key  122  is wearable. Optionally the leisure key  122  is waterproof. In an embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the leisure key  222  is a wrist band, optionally formed out of rubber and having a transponder  250  embedded within it. As such, the leisure key  222  is wearable and optionally waterproof. It can be appreciated that various changes may be made within the scope of the present invention and that the precise structure, arrangement, configuration and materials of the leisure key  22 ,  122 ,  222  are not limited to that described and illustrated. 
     The leisure key  22 ,  122 ,  222  optionally may be wearable (about a wrist, or neck as examples), may be attachable to a person&#39;s clothing (by means of a clip or hook and loop fastener for example). The leisure key  22  optionally may comprise only one transponder  50 , but may comprise more than one. For example, the leisure key  22  may comprise two separate transponders, which may be required to separately operate the driver&#39;s door and the boot. This may add an extra level of security. 
     It can be appreciated that various changes may be made within the scope of the present invention, for example, in other embodiments of the invention it is envisaged the leisure key  22 ,  122 ,  222  as well as being operable to activate the locking system  32  for securely locking the vehicle doors, the leisure key  22 ,  122 ,  222  may also be operable to cause the secure locking of an internal compartment  34  of the vehicle  20  such as a glove box (as illustrated in  FIG. 1 ). The leisure key  22 ,  122 ,  222  therefore offers additional secure protection for items including the smart key  10  which as well as being locked within the vehicle  20  can additionally be locked within an internal compartment  34 . By concealing said items, optionally including the smart key  10  from view, risk of opportunist theft of those items may be reduced. One or more other separately lockable compartments  34  may be provided which are lockable (optionally by the control unit  30 ) upon receiving a signal from the leisure key  22 ,  122 ,  222  (optionally via the reader  26 ). 
     In a further optional embodiment of the invention, the leisure key  22 ,  122 ,  222  may comprise means for storing data. 
     In other envisaged embodiments, it is expected that the security system may utilise more than one leisure key and that the more than one leisure keys may have different functionality or privileges dependent upon the intended user of those leisure keys. For example, a master leisure key may be the only key that when used to unlock the vehicle, or when present within the vehicle (within a specified range of the control unit) is capable of causing the reactivation of the full functionality of the smart key and other servant leisure keys may be restricted to only allowing unlocking and locking of the vehicle and have restricted or no impact on reactivating the one or more dormant smart keys. As such a parent or more responsible person can control the master leisure key and thus control the reactivation of the smart key&#39;s full functionality. A child may be trusted to access the vehicle but not reactivate the smart key. Similarly, where the master leisure key causes locking of an internal compartment, the servant leisure key may be restricted from unlocking the compartment to restrict access to the smart key disposed within the compartment. In some embodiments, the use of the master leisure key may impart a restriction on the smart key, for example to prevent the vehicle from exceeding a maximum speed. 
     In the envisaged embodiments of the immediately preceding paragraph and other envisaged embodiments, one or more of the leisure keys may comprise storage means for data such as: user preferences (media settings; seat positions; mirror positions; valet settings); GPS navigational destinations; active safe settings; DTC codes stored for services; phone numbers; biometric data; fleet data and information for rewards schemes as examples only. 
     In  FIG. 7  an instruction flow chart illustrating a sequence of operations of one aspect of the security system of another embodiment of the invention is shown. In this illustrated operation sequence the leisure key has storage means for biometric data and a smart key has been locked within the vehicle. A leisure key is used to unlock the vehicle and the security system is capable of determining whether the user of that leisure key is authorised to reactivate the smart key. For example, the biometric data may include: the height of a person or a facial image and a camera and recognition software may be used to compare the user of the leisure key to the biometric data stored on that leisure key and based upon verifying the identity of the user, the smart key would be reactivated. The recognition software may determine that the user&#39;s biometric details do not match the biometric information stored on the key and may therefore deny activation of the smart key. In this way a lesser responsible or unauthorised person using the leisure key would not gain access to the smart key. 
     It will be understood that whereas the invention has been described using radio frequency technology (RFID tag/transponder and a reader), that other suitable components may be used for the leisure key and its associated reader. For example the leisure key may optional comprise a small battery or other power source and may transmit a signal from the leisure key that may optionally be detected by one or more receivers. Furthermore the use of semi-passive or active RFID tags is envisaged. 
     Additionally, whereas it has been described that a particular beneficial application of an entry key (leisure key) suitable for a vehicle  20  that utilises an RF transponder  50  without a battery such that the entry key may have a compact format (and optionally embedded within an apparatus or clothing as examples) and that is optionally waterproof, is that it can be used as a temporary replacement for a known smart key, it is envisaged that in some embodiments of the invention the security system  40  will be programmed to enable the leisure key  22  to deactivate and activate the immobiliser, ignition and other features of the vehicle  20 . In such an application the smart key  10  may be dispensed with entirely and its presence within the vehicle  20  is not required.  FIG. 8  shows, schematically a sequence of operations that may take place in such an embodiment. The compact leisure key  22  is positioned in range of one or more antennae such that the RF transponder within the compact leisure key  22  can be read. If the, preferably encrypted, access code of the RF transponder  50  is verified then the control unit and/or another component of the security system (such as a transmitter associated with the antenna used to read or interrogate the leisure key) will issue instructive signals to cause and/or allow, that and/or all doors of the vehicle to be unlocked; the immobiliser to be disarmed and upon receiving a further input from the authorised entrant, the ignition to be activated. 
     It will be understood upon reading the foregoing that the leisure key, secondary key or entry key described herein may optionally have a compact and/or waterproof and/or wearable characteristic to provide beneficial convenience and optional robustness to the entry key. The entry key may be embedded in a shock proof, or temperature proof casing, provided that the casing or apparatus does not interfere with the normal operation of the RF transponder for communicating with an RF antennae. By way of non-limiting example only, the following list of items that the entry key could be formed as or in is provided: watch strap, payment (credit or debit) card. ¼ size credit card e.g. loyalty card, umbrella, bracelet, ring, mobile phone case, mobile phone, sunglasses, shoes and other footwear, wallet or purse, wrist band, belt, lanyard, clothing, sports equipment, bicycle, snowboard, skis, surf board and trainers. 
     For the avoidance of doubt, the term “key” as used herein should be taken to mean an entry device that is co-operable or communicable with a vehicle security system so as to permit, at least, the vehicle doors or other closures to be locked or unlocked. Such devices may additionally, but not essentially, be operable to activate or deactivate a vehicle security alarm and/or immobilizer. Importantly, the term key is not intended to be limited to having only a mechanical form for mating with a lock in an object, but rather is intended to encompass devices that can lock and/or unlock an object. The term key is intended to have a broad meaning and is intended to optionally include any entry device that is capable of permitting and preventing access which may optionally occur in conjunction with other components of a security system. As such a key as referred to in the foregoing may or may not be capable of gaining access to an object on its own but is capable of doing so when used with a control unit for example. Key may include, but not exclusively, entry devices that may comprise: electronic data carriers; magnetic and/or electromagnetic components; components for communicating by digital, analogue, electromagnetic (including, but not exclusively radio frequency and infra red) and other signaling means; electronic components such as transponders, transceivers and inductive couplers; encryption and/or other personal identification numbers or codes.