Patent Publication Number: US-6986030-B2

Title: Portable memory device includes software program for interacting with host computing device to provide a customized configuration for the program

Description:
This application claims the benefit of provisional application serial No. 60/243,816, filed Oct. 27, 2000, entitled PORTABLE PRIVACY AND CONFIGURATION FOR COMPUTER AND WEB BASED APPLICATIONS, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 

   FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to portable devices to facilitate computing, and in particular, relates to a portable device capable of interacting with a computing device to facilitate user interaction. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   Using multiple computers and multiple computing devices is becoming commonplace. The need or desire for people to use more than one computer in addition to mobile computing devices, such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) and mobile telephones accessing the Internet, is increasing for private and business use. These users frequently access the Internet and demand customization of their computing environments. For example, most users customize their desktop and browser settings to provide a friendly interface as well as make favorite web pages readily accessible with organized bookmark settings. Unfortunately, such settings configured on one computing device are not readily portable to other computing devices. The other computing devices typically require replicating configuration information to arrive at the preferred settings that are frequently used. Although users that interact with different computing devices on a routine basis would often benefit from having customized settings available on each device, the limited use on any one computing device does not outweigh the time and effort necessary for customization. When a user accesses the web from a public or shared host system, the web browser does not contain a user&#39;s setup and preferences, but rather those of the host system. In addition, shared access may compromise the privacy of the owner of the system as well as that of the user. 
   The increase in mobile computing also corresponds to concerns about privacy. Administrators of computing devices want to make sure that users are authorized to use the computer and control access to the various programs and data available from the computer. Second, users would like the freedom to use computing devices as desired without leaving readily accessible records of their activities, which are available by viewing cookies, computing or browsing histories, and the like. 
   As such, there is a need for a way to provide portability of customization options and settings to optimize interactions on multiple computing devices. There is a further need to address the privacy and security issues associated with computing on multiple computing devices on commercial and personal levels. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to a portable device configured to interact with a number of host computing devices. The portable device primarily includes memory having software capable of running on one of the host computing devices. The memory will be associated with an interface to facilitate interaction with one or more of the host computing devices. Although the portable device is primarily a memory device, the portable memory device may include control circuitry to assist in interaction with the host computing devices as well as organizing the data stored thereon. 
   The present invention uses a portable memory device to directly or wirelessly interact with one or more host computing devices to provide a customized configuration for one or more aspects associated with a computing session. In particular, software on the portable device will automatically execute on the host computing device after the host computing device recognizes the presence of the portable device. The software provides instructions for the host computing device to launch a select program on the host computing device and provide a customized configuration for the program. The customized configuration is based on information stored on the portable device. As such, the portable device may automatically set preferred interface or program configurations personalized to the user. For example, the interface settings for a desktop, productivity, or browser application may be tailored as defined by information stored on the portable device. Other settings, such as bookmarks for a browser, may be stored on the portable device and made available to the program launched on the host computing device. 
   Preferably, the portable computing device will emulate a file system in memory of the host computing device, such as a hard disk drive, wherein the software and data appear as a file system or other memory available to the host computing device. The portable device may interact with the host computing device through a direct or wireless interface. Preferably, most of the information provided on or by the portable device is encrypted to enhance security. Data compression techniques are available to maximize the amount of information capable of being stored on the portable device. 
   In addition to customizing select programs launched on the host computing device, the present invention may provide an authentication procedure. Authentication may include receiving authentication indicia from the user via an interface on the host computing device and determining if the authentication information received from the user matches authentication indicia stored on the portable device. As such, protection is provided to prevent non-authorized users from using the portable device. The portable device may also be configured to remove remnants or records of user interaction during a computing session from the host computing device to enhance the privacy associated with the computing session. 
   The present invention may be implemented on numerous types of portable devices as well as in software provided on a computer readable medium, such as a compact disk, floppy disk, or the like, capable of being provided to or stored on the portable device according to the present invention. 
   Those skilled in the art will appreciate the scope of the present invention and realize additional aspects thereof after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments in association with the accompanying drawing figures. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES 
     The accompanying drawing figures incorporated in and forming a part of the specification illustrate several aspects of the invention, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. 
       FIG. 1  is an illustration of a computing environment compatible with the operation of the present invention. 
       FIG. 2A  illustrates a portable key that is capable of being inserted into and interacting with multiple computing devices according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 2B  is a smart card configured to interact with multiple computing devices according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 2C  is a remote communication device, such as a transponder, configured to interact with multiple computing devices according to the present invention. 
       FIGS. 3A and 3B  are a flow chart outlining a basic process for interacting with multiple computing devices according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a software architecture according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates an exemplary launching bar provided by the present invention. 
       FIG. 6  represents an expansion window associated with the launching bar illustrated in FIG.  5 . 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a preferred service providing a content push for the markup language area of the launching bar illustrated in FIG.  5 . 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   The present invention provides a portable memory device capable of interfacing with a number of computing devices. The portable memory device, referred to generally as a key, is preferably configured to provide one or more applications capable of running on a computing device, generally referred to as a host, to facilitate user interaction. Preferably, the user interaction is embraced with one or more privacy and security measures. 
   The embodiments set forth below represent the necessary information to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention and illustrate the best mode of practicing the invention. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying drawing figures, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of the invention and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these applications and concepts fall within the scope of this disclosure and the accompanying claims. 
   With reference to  FIG. 1 , a basic representation of a computing environment consistent with the implementation of the present invention is illustrated. At the heart of the invention is the portable memory device, which is referred to as a key  10 . The key  10  is configured to interact with any number of computing devices, which are referred to as hosts  12 . Each host  12  will typically interact with one or more servers  14  via a network  16 , which may include a local area network (LAN), the Internet, or a combination thereof. 
   The key  10  will primarily include memory  18  having software  20  capable of running on one of the hosts  12 , and data  22 . The memory  18  will be associated with a key interface  24  to facilitate an interface with one or more of the hosts  12 . Although the key  10  is primarily a memory device, the key may include control circuitry to assist in interaction with the host as well as organizing the data  22 . Preferably, once an interaction between the key  10  and a host  12  is established, the memory  18  will emulate a file system on a memory device, such as a hard disk drive, accessible by the host  12  wherein at least certain aspects of the software  20  are capable of running or executing on the host  12 . 
   In the preferred embodiment, the key  10  will include four or more megabytes of flash memory and a built-in USB sleeve interface. When the key  10  is plugged into a USB port of a host  12 , the key  10  will emulate a file system on a solid state mass storage device, and via plug-and-play functionality, rely on device drivers that are typically associated with the host&#39;s operating system. The key  10  is preferably configured for autorun capability, which may emulate that of a CD-ROM autorun configuration. This configuration will allow a start-up application stored on the key  10  to start executing when the key  10  is plugged in to the USB port of the host  12 . Those skilled in the art will recognize a variety of configurations for the key  10  wherein when the key  10  is placed into or associated with the host  12 , one or more applications are automatically executed by the host  12 . The organization of the memory  18  will preferably resemble a file structure addressable by the host  12 . Preferably, the software  20  will include Java applets, Active-X components, or the like capable of automatically running on the host  12  upon engaging the key  10  with the host  12 , or otherwise establishing an interaction between the two devices. Additional detail is provided below. 
   The host  12  may take many forms, including a personal computer (PC), workstation, personal digital assistant (PDA), notebook computer, web-enabled mobile telephone, or the like. The host  12 , regardless of form, will typically include a central processing unit (CPU)  26  associated with memory  28  having the requisite software  30  and data  32  for operation. Typically, a user interface  34  is provided to facilitate interaction with the host&#39;s user, which is preferably the owner of the key  10 , who is interacting with the host  12 . The CPU  26  is preferably associated with a key interface  36  to facilitate interaction with the key  10 , and a network interface  38  to facilitate interaction with any number of devices associated with network  16 , such as the servers  14 . 
   Importantly, the software  20  on the key  10  is configured to readily execute on the host  12  upon interface. For example, the key  10  may be compatible with Windows plug-and-play capability, and the key interface  24  may be USB compatible, wherein when the key  10  is plugged into the key interface  36  of the host  12 , the host  12  will recognize the key  10  and execute select applications or functions provided by the software  20  of the key  10 . 
   The host  12  is preferably configured to access various servers  14  over the network  16  upon executing applications or functions of the key  10 . These servers  14  may be configured in any number of ways. The servers  14  may be traditional application servers facilitating the function of the host  12 , or may be web servers capable of downloading markup language content upon request from a browser running on the host  12 . 
   The server  14  will typically include a CPU  40  having memory  42  with the requisite software  44  and data  46  to facilitate operation. The server  14  will typically include a user interface  48  and a network interface  50  cooperating with the CPU  40 . The user interface  48  allows a direct interface with the server  14 , wherein the network interface  50  facilitates interaction with any number of network devices, including other servers  14  and hosts  12 . 
   Turning now to  FIGS. 2A-2C , the key  10  may take on any number of configurations. The preferred embodiment is shown in  FIG. 2A  wherein the key  10  takes the form of a physical key-like device  10 A capable of being plugged into a USB port or other readily accessible port on the host  12 . Preferably, the key  10 A is light and portable enough to be carried on a key chain or the like.  FIG. 2B  represents a smart card  10 B capable of carrying out the concepts of the present invention. The smart card  10 B may be a contact-based or a contactless (wireless) smart card  10 B capable of interacting with the host  12  as described above.  FIG. 2C  depicts a wireless communication device  10 C, such as a transponder, capable of facilitating wireless communications with the host  12 . Whereas a physical connection with a key  10  may implement the Windows plug-and-play interface, a wireless device  10 C may incorporate an automatic detection or sensing technology, such as the discovery process used by Bluetooth, which is well documented and available to those skilled in the art. The key  10  may also be implemented in a wireless personal digital assistant (PDA), mobile terminal, such as a mobile telephone, or like portable computing device. The applications or functions stored on the key  10  and capable of executing on the host  12  are referred to in general as keylets. As discussed below, keylets may also reside on a host system itself, depending on the security level associated with that host  12 . Typically, keylets are assigned a class indicating the basic functionality of the keylet, and preferably a security level corresponding to the functionality of the keylet. The keylets are preferably Java applets, but may incorporate any software technology facilitating ready execution on a host  12 . The keylets may provide any number of functions, several of which are discussed in detail below. 
   A generic process providing multiple functions is outlined in the flowchart of  FIGS. 3A and 3B , wherein user authentication is required before a certain function or interaction is allowed by the host  12 . Further, upon completion or termination of the interaction or function, remnants indicative of the user&#39;s interaction are removed from the host  12  to facilitate privacy. 
   The process begins when the key  10  is inserted into or placed within communication range of the host  12  (block  100 ). Preferably, the key  10  is identified (block  102 ) and the communication interface is configured to facilitate interaction (block  104 ). One of the keylets may be programmed to configure the user&#39;s desktop and basic interface features. For example, the user may have a keylet configured to set preferred color schemes for the desktop, provide a select screen saver after a certain period of dormancy, or activate a particular application. For example, the user may want a light green desktop with a screen saver using a favorite wallpaper after ten minutes of dormancy. Further, the user may have the keylet automatically configure Microsoft Outlook to check e-mail from a select pop email server, as well as launch Microsoft Word and Excel. The keylet may launch Word and Excel to have the user&#39;s favorite toolbars and settings. Internet Explorer or other browser may be launched with bookmarks stored on the portable device. This type of functionality is available on any host  12  capable of interacting with the key  10 . Preferably, the key  10  is configured to be readily operable with any number of computing devices acting as host  12 . 
   Regardless of the function provided, a specific keylet is typically configured to initially execute on the host  12  (block  106 ). Generally, the initial keylet to execute is a basic keylet requiring little or no security to execute. The execution of the keylet may require access to data stored on the key (block  108 ). 
   In this example, the initial keylet runs an authentication routine to ensure that the holder of the key  10  is authorized to use the key  10  in association with the host  12  (block  110 ). Typically, the authentication routine will provide a user authentication interface (block  112 ) requiring a password, logon information, or biometric indicia from a biometric reader (not shown) associated with the host  12 . In response, the user will provide authentication indicia to the host  12 . The authentication routine, which is running on the host  12 , will receive the authentication indicia from the user (block  114 ), and determine if the user is authenticated (block  116 ). 
   If the authentication indicia does not match that stored on the key  10  or otherwise associated with the authentication routine (block  116 ), the keylet may have the user re-enter the authentication data, or may simply end the process (block  118 ). If the user is authenticated (block  116 ), one or more additional keylets based on the user authentication are executed according to the interaction of the user (block  120 ). Notably, as will be discussed in further detail below, the keylets available for use may be based on a security level corresponding to the authentication. 
   During execution of any of the keylets, data may be accessed from the key  10  as necessary based on the keylet and the authentication or security level (block  122 ). Further, the data  22  stored on the key  10  may be updated based on the user interaction as desired (block  124 ). The user may also be queried to update data  22  on the key  10 . Alternatively, keylets may be configured to automatically update the key  10  without informing the user. Those skilled in the art will recognize the various options capable of being provided to the user. 
   Depending on the keylet being executed, the user may indicate a desire to end the session, wherein the keylets or data involved in the interaction may be updated as necessary. Throughout this process, one or more of the keylets may monitor for the insertion or loss of presence of the key  10  (block  126 ). If the key  10  is not removed (block  128 ), the process will repeat. If the key has been removed (block  128 ), one or more of the keylets will preferably continue to run on the host to clean any residue left from the user interaction (block  130 ). Cleansing the residue from the host  12  will preferably include removing any cookies, histories, information in cache, or other memory indicative of the user&#39;s interaction. Such a cleansing is also preferable upon a scheduled termination of the session, wherein the cleansing will occur upon the user signaling for an end of the interaction. The automatic cleansing upon removal of the key  10  is a safeguard for those forgetting to properly end the session and simply removing the key  10  without providing the host  12  forewarning. 
   In the preferred embodiment, the key  10  will include multiple keylets providing various functions. The keylets may have access to common data files or select, corresponding data files. An exemplary architecture is provided in  FIG. 4  for the key  10  and a server  14  configured to interact with select ones of the keylets while operating on the host  12 . For purposes of illustration, three keylets are illustrated: auxiliary keylets  52 , core keylets  54 , and web keylets  56 . Each of the keylets preferably interacts with a key manager (KM) application  58  capable of managing interaction among keylets and between keylets and associated data files: auxiliary data files  60 , core data files  62 , and web data files  64 . Depending on the functionality of the keylets and the business models for marketing keys  10  having the various keylets, the core keylets may be provided by the provider or manufacturer of the key  10 . The web keylets  56  are particularly configured for interaction with one or more servers  14  when the keylets are executed on the host  12 . 
   As illustrated, the server architecture may include web servlets  66  configured to facilitate interaction between the web keylets  56  and the web servlets  66  running on server  14  via the network  16 . Notably, servlets  66  are similar to keylets, with the exception that they are stored and run on the server  14 . Notably, any of the keylets  52 ,  54 ,  56  may provide any type of functionality, and are only illustrated as being different for the purposes of description. As such, the auxiliary keylets  52  may be provided by business partners associated with the providers or makers of the key  10 . The core keylets  54  may provide functionality basic to the core elements of the key  10 , wherein the auxiliary keylets  52  may provide functionality corresponding to a particular function associated with the given business. The auxiliary, core, and web data files  60 ,  62 ,  64  are preferably used to store data used or provided by the auxiliary, core, and web keylets  52 ,  54 ,  56 , respectively. Preferably, the keylets use compression and encryption techniques to minimize the impact on memory as well as to provide secure transfer of data between the executing keylets and the various data files  22  stored on the key  10 . 
   The key manager  58  may also provide various levels of security for keylets and data files. For example, an initial security level may allow access only to select data files and keylets, whereas an authorization corresponding to a higher-level security may provide access to all of the data files and use of all of the keylets. Further examples of security levels and use of security are described in greater detail below in association with particular keylets. 
   The server architecture may include any number of servlets or services, such as the core services  68  or third party services  70 . The core services  68  may correspond to the basic functionality of key interaction and use, wherein the third party services  70  may correspond to a business partner&#39;s application configured to run in association with the use of a key  10 . Typically, the key manager  58  will interact with the various keylets using a key manager application program interface (API)  72 , wherein the servlets and services may interact with each other through an extended API  74 . The types of keylets available are limited only to the types of functionality required of the key  10 . Further, multiple functions may be provided in a single keylet, or provided in a corresponding number of keylets, wherein one function corresponds to one keylet. The following outlines numerous functions that may be provided by keylets individually or in combination. 
   The authentication function is a security feature that provides for user authentication when accessing a host  12  or services on the host  12 . To access the authentication function, the user must engage the key  10  with the host  12  by actually plugging the key  10  into the host  12 , or by placing the key  10  within a certain proximity to the host  12  (wireless). Once the host  12  recognizes the key  10  and executes a keylet providing the authentication function, the user is preferably queried to enter a user name and password. Once entered, the keylet will confirm or deny the user name and password entered by the user with information stored, and preferably encrypted, on the key  10 . Assuming that the user name and password are authenticated, access to at least a portion of the services provided by the key  10 , and perhaps by the host  12 , are authorized. Different passwords and user names may be used in various combinations to access various levels of security and may be provided by the key  10 . The authentication function is particularly useful when combined with other functions provided in the same or different keylets. 
   A second function made possible by the present invention relates to private and secure Internet access on multiple hosts  12 . When a user normally accesses the Internet from a public or shared host system, the host&#39;s web browser does not contain the user&#39;s normal setup and preferences found on the user&#39;s home PC, but rather those of the host  12  being used. In addition, shared access may compromise the privacy of the owner of the host system as well as that of the user. 
   With the present function, upon interaction of the key  10  with the host  12 , a “private” web browser is launched from the host  12  upon execution of the keylet providing the function. Preferably, the keylet launches the web browser on the host and causes the web browser to fetch select information relating to desired settings, preferences, bookmarks, and the like, from the key  10 , thereby protecting the security and privacy of both the owner and the user of the system, while allowing the user to apply his preferences and information for the browsing event. As noted above, when the user removes the key  10  or otherwise disassociates the key  10  from the host  12 , the same or other keylet will close the browser, and the temporary environment established for the browsing session will be cleaned without leaving any traces such as history, cookies, cache, preferences, etc. The keylet will also close itself, and preferably operate to completely remove the keylet, or leave the keylet in such a state that it is readily erased upon restart or minimized to the point where information is unavailable from analyzing the keylet. 
   Another unique function provided by executing a particular keylet on a host  12  provides for a launching an interface bar, referred to as a launching bar, with advertising content as well as a way to access other functions provided by one or more keylets on the key  10 . A launching bar, generally referred to as  76 , is depicted in FIG.  5 . Preferably, the launching bar  76  will appear as or will be closely associated with the web browser&#39;s tool bar and advertising banner. 
   Although the Internet provides tremendous opportunity for advertising, there is a need to increase customer retention by holding advertising content provided on the browser&#39;s advertising banner for a period of time sufficient for the user to actually view the advertising, instead of catching only a glimpse while navigating from one web page to another. Preferably, when a “private” web browser session is started as described above, the session will start with a narrow, fixed markup language frame, as depicted in FIG.  5 . The frame may take many forms and may associate itself with the toolbar or banner of the web browser, or may actually act as a mini-web page, positioned anywhere on the screen. Preferably, the frame is configured to override or otherwise conceal or hide the advertising normally provided by the web browser or page being displayed. The frame may include any elements compatible with the markup language being used, such as GIFs, links, buttons, banners, text, animation, etc. 
   As depicted, the launching bar  76  may include a logo  78 , a markup language (ML) content area  80 , a help button  82 , an end button  84 , and a launch button  86 . Preferably, the launching bar  76  will redirect uniform resource locators (URLs) and other web page content through the launching bar  76 , so as not to interfere with the content intended to be displayed to the user or functional buttons and drop-down menus provided by the browser. Preferably, the launching bar  76  will provide advertising information associated with the provider of the key  10 . As such, the logo area  78  may include a fixed logo for a company. Notably, the logo remains in place throughout a browsing session wherein the user is browsing any number of pages. The markup language content area  80  may include fixed information provided by the key  10 , select information provided as a web page from any one of the servers  14 , or a combination thereof. Importantly, the content provided in the markup language content area  80  may come from a select web page dictated by information provided in the key  10  and independent of the actual web page selected by the user. As such, the provider of the key  10  has multiple opportunities to provide advertising information to the user during a browsing session, even when the user is skipping from one page to another. 
   The launching bar  76  may act as an interface to the various functions provided by the keylets on the key  10 . For example, clicking on or otherwise selecting the help button  82  may invoke a help keylet capable of accessing help information stored on the key  10 . Similarly, the end button  84  will act to close the launching bar  76 , and preferably, initiate a cleansing function to remove traces of the user&#39;s interaction during the browsing or computing session. 
   Typically, the logo area  78  contains a button displaying the logo of a business. When the button is clicked, the web page of the business being advertised is launched. The markup language area  80  may contain a banner, image, or hyperlink associated with a keylet, service, or servlet. The markup language area  80  be associated with or facilitate the functionality of a browser. Preferably, clicking on this area will enable a content push, which is described below in greater detail. In the preferred embodiment, the launch button  86  is the only way to launch the various keylets in order to provide maximum marketing and advertising benefit of the launching bar  76 . Those skilled in the art will recognize numerous ways to execute keylets and that the launching of keylets need not be limited to this preferred mode. When the end button  84  is selected, the keylet controlling the launching bar  76  will preferably terminate and end the user session as it is associated with the key  10 . At this time, or when the key  10  is removed from the host system  12 , the launching bar keylet or associated clean-up keylet will clear the markup language area  80  and replace it with a notification that the key  10  has been removed and key termination is in progress. 
   The launch button  86  may be configured in a number of ways. The launch button  86  may be used to simply elect a function provided by one or more of the keylets or provide a selection window upon activation to display the various functions available to the user. A selection window associated with the launching bar  76  is shown in  FIG. 6 , wherein upon selection of the launch button  86 , a function menu is provided including a selection for “My Bookmark”  88 , “E-Cart”  90 , and “E-Wallet”  92 . As such, the launching bar  76  may provide a user interface to the functions provided by the key  10  as well as the fixed advertising medium to hold advertising information or select advertising information independent of the web page selected by the user. 
   Another function of the present invention that is capable of being provided by executing an appropriate keylet on the host  12  operates to manage passwords for web-based services. Typically, web users are registered at multiple web-based services. Some choose to register by different user names and passwords; consequently, they often have difficulties recalling their user names and passwords. Many others solve these problems by reusing the same user name and password combinations across multiple sites and services, which creates a risky security exposure. 
   The passwords manager function is preferably a Java applet that allows a convenient way for a user to store his user name and password in an encrypted form on the key  10 . When the user accesses a web site that requires authentication or the entry of a password, the passwords manager will preferably automatically recognize the site and the need for insertion of a user name and password and will actually insert the user name and password in the appropriate fields on the web page. 
   The passwords manager function may automatically fill in the requisite information upon entry of the page requiring the information, or may only provide the information upon command by the user. Preferably, the passwords manager will automatically recognize entry into a particular site, and automatically fill in the user name and password fields in a fashion eliminating steps by the user. Preferably, the user name and password are automatically filled in the appropriate fields in a fashion taking the user directly into the site by requesting the subsequent web page. 
   Alternatively, the keylet providing the password manager function may directly cooperate with the web servlets  66  via the network  16  to facilitate the same or similar functionality. In this case, the web servlet  66  will be specially configured to interact with the particular keylets to provide the functionality, instead of the keylet taking the sole responsibility for detecting the web page and filling in the requisite information. 
   Notably, the passwords are not relegated to merely user name and password configurations, those skilled in the art will recognize that various types of password configurations are used for logging into web-based services. Further, the authentication function described above is particularly useful in combination with the passwords manager to ensure that only authorized users may have their user names and passwords automatically filled in the appropriate fields when accessing a particular web site. 
   The passwords manager function will preferably allow tracking, updating, and changing passwords for any given web page or service. Further, the passwords manager function may be combined with other functions, for example, upon activating a service from the launching bar  76 , one or more keylets may execute to enter the web site and automatically fill in user name and password fields. Further, this functionality may be allowed only if the user was properly authenticated. 
   Another issue facing users is that built-in bookmark tools on browsers require users to classify their bookmarks in a hierarchical structure. The hierarchy is typically not a natural organizational method, and can pose difficulties when the same site being bookmarked can be associated with multiple categories. For example, Amazon.com is a shopping site for both music and books, and should be classified under both categories. 
   The present invention provides a bookmark manager that readily allows classification of a common URL under multiple keywords identifying categories. Further, a graphical user interface may be provided, wherein new categories may be added and URLs may be associated with any number of categories. Thus, when a user selects a certain keyword, all of the URLs associated with that category may be displayed. A more basic function for the bookmark manager is to simply make the various user bookmarks available for any browsing session. 
   Preferably, the browser launched for the session will incorporate all the bookmarks and organization thereof from the key  10  instead of those stored on the host  12 . If the bookmarks are changed, new bookmarks added, or old bookmarks deleted during the session, the key  10  will be updated so that the new configuration is available for the user&#39;s next session on the same or other host  12 . The bookmark manager function may cooperate with the password manager such that when a website associated with a particular bookmark is accessed, the user name and password are automatically entered in the appropriate fields to quickly propel the user into the web site associated with the bookmark. Further, these functions may be affiliated with other keylets, such as an authentication keylet, and may be provided on the launching bar  76  directly or in association with the launch button  86 . 
   Another aspect of the present invention allows for efficient use and security for managing various financial account numbers used online. According to a study by Visa, approximately 27% of online shoppers leave their shopping carts behind at the stage when they are asked to fill out a form with credit card and shipping information. Users have security concerns and limited patience for filling out long payment and shipping forms. The present invention includes aspects that allow users to store in the key  10  information for one or more financial accounts, such as credit and debit card account numbers, billing addresses, and multiple shipping destination addresses. Preferably, this information is encrypted and protected in the user&#39;s key  10 . 
   When the user needs to fill out payment and shipping forms at an e-commerce site, the key  10  will or will have authenticated the user as described above and the user will be prompted via a graphical user interface to select a particular account number, and perhaps shipping and billing addresses, to use. A credit card manager function will then decrypt the information and fill out the appropriate fields in the web page, or alternatively, send the encrypted information directly to an e-commerce site for bill processing. In the latter case, the particular keylet providing the function may cooperate with a web servlet  66  specially configured to interact with the keylet to provide processing of the account information, and perhaps, decryption of the encrypted information. Preferably, the keylet or keylets providing the account manager are compatible with the electronic commerce modeling language (ECML) standard. The keylet may allow the user to paste entries into non-ECML fields by a menu of buttons that correspond to the full repertoire defined by the ECML standard. 
   Preferably, the keylet will allow users to keep track of various account numbers and any associated security for a variety of accounts. Passwords for the accounts and the like may also be stored and automatically used during this transaction directly in association with a function or in combination with other functions provided in the same or other keylets. In essence, the account manager will manage multiple financial accounts, facilitate filling in forms for checkout, and aid in providing a secure transaction for the user in a fast and efficient manner. 
   Another function of the present invention capable of enhancing user convenience as well as facilitating e-commerce is the portable shopping cart function. The portable shopping cart function provides a shopping cart available for one or more e-commerce sites, wherein the shopping cart is actually kept on the key  10  between shopping sessions. Information relating to products selected to place in a shopping cart for one or more sites is kept on the key  10 , wherein when the user revisits a site, the shopping cart is available. The shopping cart may be site-specific wherein items placed in a cart for a particular site are only available for that particular site. 
   Alternatively, the shopping cart may be configured to work with multiple e-commerce sites. For example, basic product information from Amazon.com, Borders.com, and BarnesandNoble.com may be used to identify one or more items, wherein items selected to place in a shopping cart at one site may be available for comparison or purchase via another site. The products may be identified in the shopping cart based on proprietary item numbers, universal product codes (UPCs), or sufficiently descriptive information, such as the title in combination with the artist or author. 
   In general, the keylets will be configured to interact with a web page and act as the shopping cart for the site or otherwise interact with the shopping cart to automatically provide or receive information therefrom. The interaction depends on whether the user is bringing a shopping cart with items to a site or leaving a site with items yet to be purchased. As with the above, the shopping cart function may be combined with any of the various functions. For example, if the user is shopping online, one or more keylets may be configured to provide a shopping cart for the products to purchase, fill in an account number, and provide passwords for the account, the shopping cart, and online retailer. The shopping cart may be updated during shopping and used to store products between shopping sessions. Further, the user may be authenticated as described above before allowing any interaction. 
   An expansion of these concepts can be applied to marketing between brick-and-mortar stores and online shopping sites. Cross-promotion selling is provided by allowing a user to gather information from a brick-and-mortar computer terminal or other host  12  and use the information online, and vice versa. As such, online retailers can encourage users to visit the corresponding brick-and-mortar stores, while traditional retailers can encourage users to visit certain online sites. All of these functions may be provided with varying levels of security, compression, and encryption. 
   Additional functions may allow the storage and protection of unique coupons and tokens on the key  10 . The coupons may have a time expiration, number of uses, or a transferability flag to enhance marketing. The coupons may be used in conjunction with any of the functions above to facilitate shopping and e-commerce. 
   A content push service is preferably used to fill the markup language area  80  of the launching bar  76 . As illustrated in  FIG. 7 , a keylet running on the host  12  will cooperate with a servlet running on the server  14  to automatically load content in the markup language area  80 . Preferably, web-based input  94  is provided to a content push service  96  associated with a push servlet  98  running on the server  14 . The push servlet  98  is preferably a web servlet  66  as previously described in FIG.  4 . The push servlet  98  will cooperate with a push keylet  100  being executed on the host  12 . The push keylet  100  may be a web keylet  56  as illustrated in FIG.  4 . The push servlet  98  and push keylet  100  will cooperate to push the content of a markup language file  102  to the markup language area  80  of the launching bar  76 . As illustrated, the markup language file  102 , as with most of the files processed in association with the key  10 , is preferably encrypted for enhanced security. Using the content push service  96  allows the markup language area  80  of the launching bar  76  to be updated using different types of content. However, the content is provided by a specified source associated with the key  10  in lieu of the content simply being associated with whatever web page is being viewed by the user. 
   Since the present invention provides numerous possible functions and combinations thereof, the preferred embodiment of the present invention uses the key manager  58  (as shown in  FIG. 4 ) to manage the interaction and overall relationship between the various keylets providing their respective functions. Thus, it is important for the key manager  58  to provide sufficient facilities for seamless interoperation among keylets. 
   For example, a bookmark manager will typically integrate with password manager functionality so that when a user gets to a page through the bookmark manager, the password manager will automatically be invoked to provide the proper password for the bookmarked page. Some of the functions provided by the key manager  58  facilitate installation and use of various encryption certificates for use with one or more keylets and files associated therewith. Further, the key manager  58  may facilitate the updating of software on the key  10  as well as facilitate backup of information to a certain computer, which will be discussed in greater detail below. 
   The key manager  58  may act as a central authority for registration of services and permissions associated with various keylets. For example, when a keylet is installed on the key  10 , it may register its data file and specify its default read or write permissions by defined application class or by specific application. Continuing with our example, a bookmark manager will typically want to expose the bookmarks to other applications with read permission only. This will allow a password manager to identify the web site being accessed and offer password services to the user. Although a key manager  58  is not necessary for various aspects of the present invention, the use of a key manager  58  in embodiments incorporating multiple keylets requiring interaction with one another is preferred. 
   The key manager  58  in the preferred embodiment provides the following functionality. 
   File System Integrity 
   When the key  10  is disengaged from the host system without going through a normal termination process, files may be corrupted. For that purpose, the key manager  58  will provide a mechanism that will monitor the integrity of the data files and restore the latest state before corruption occurred. 
   Data File Encryption/Decryption 
   The keylets may need encryption and/or decryption services to access data files. The key manager  58  will facilitate encryption and decryption as necessary for interoperation and access to the data files. 
   Access Permissions 
   As noted, the key manager  58  will preferably facilitate seamless interoperation among keylets. The keylets will preferably register with the key manager  58  when they are first installed on the key  10 . When registering, the keylets will provide access permission information about the data files with which they are associated. For example, access permissions may include read/write, read only, or match only, based on the class and security level of the keylets, as defined below. 
   Insertion/Deinsertion Management 
   The key manager  58  may provide termination for the key  10 , based on either a time limit expiring, a user clicking on the end button  84  of the launching bar  76 , or a user failing to provide the correct name and password during an authentication routine. 
   User Authentication 
   As mentioned above, a user may be required to provide a correct name and password for authentication. If a faulty authentication is provided, the key manager  58  may provide further questions to prevent fraudulent use of the key  10 . Further, the key manager  58  may keep a log of these uses for historical purposes. 
   Password Assistance 
   Once authentication is provided, the key manager  58  may provide help with changing passwords, if desired by the user or required by the expiration of a current password. 
   The present invention provides the opportunity for multiple levels of security and use with hosts  12  having various degrees of trustworthiness. As an example, the preferred embodiment of the present invention provides for three types of host systems: home systems, trusted systems, and public systems. These definitions are based on the user&#39;s level of trust as far as how much data, if any, is allowed to be exposed on any particular system. The table below shows the types of applications recommended (X) and possible with an override (U) with respect to each type of system. The user has the ability to declare which systems are trusted systems and public systems, while home systems are determined by the installation of initialization software. A single key  10  may be used with any number of systems and recognize the different types accordingly. 
   
     
       
         
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
                 
               Home 
               Trusted 
               Public 
             
             
                 
               Service 
               System 
               System 
               Systems 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
          
             
                 
               Generation of Public Key Pair 
               X 
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Acquisition of X.509 
               X 
             
             
                 
               Certificate 
             
             
                 
               Set Up User&#39;s Authentication 
               X 
             
             
                 
               Information 
             
             
                 
               Backup to HDD 
               X 
               U 
             
             
                 
               Software Installations 
               X 
               U 
             
             
                 
               Software Upgrades 
               X 
               U 
               U 
             
             
                 
               Cache Browser on HDD 
               X 
               X 
             
             
                 
               Backup to Web-based Service 
               X 
               X 
               X 
             
             
                 
                 
             
          
         
       
     
   
   The home system is defined as that which provides for the initialization of the key. When a user receives the key  10 , she may install initialization software on a host  12 , such as a personal computer (PC). This software may be initially contained within or separate from the key  10  itself. Then, the key  10  must be initialized. Performing the initialization will include the following steps:
         Setting up the user&#39;s authentication information;   Generating a public key pair that will reside on the key  10 ; and   Acquiring encryption certificates that will reside on the key  10 .
 
In addition to initializing the key  10 , the software is capable of performing backups to the hard disk drive of the PC and performing software installations and upgrades.
       

   Typically, the home system used for initialization will be the user&#39;s “private” system, such as that used at home or at the office and protected with a password. The software of the present invention will provide means to protect private or confidential information contained on the home system. Importantly, multiple PCs may be used as home systems. 
   Trusted systems are systems like office PCs or other PCs that are not likely to be intentionally inspected. The first time the key  10  interacts with a host  12 , the key  10  will search the system for a registry entry to determine its type. If no type is found, a keylet will execute and generate a prompt to the user asking the type of system. At that point, the user may choose to label the system a trusted system, indicating that a privacy risk is acceptable in order to obtain certain benefits. The limited memory capacity on the key  10  may prevent it from storing browser cache. As such, trusted systems may allow the key to keep browser cache on the hard disk drive. 
   Public systems are assumed to be non-trusted systems where additional security and privacy measures are necessary, such as kiosks in public shopping areas, automated teller machines (ATMs), PCs not belonging to the user, and the like. 
   In addition to optionally categorizing host systems, various security levels for the individual keylets may be defined. For example, keylets may be defined as having either level  1  or level  2  security. As such, level  1  security may correspond to those keylets requiring higher levels of security or privacy, such as those containing transactional information or passwords. As such, the corresponding keylets may only store data on the key  10  and only backup the information to web-based services through secure interaction. For level  2 -based keylets, less security may be mandated. A bookmark manager function may fall in this category, wherein the corresponding keylet may store the data on the key  10  or other web-mapped drives. 
   Regardless of the class and security level, keylets may be configured to encrypt and decrypt data files, or reserve this functionality for the key manager  58 . To enhance security, keylets may be configured to be started only through the software of the present invention, and updated using only a home system. 
   The keys  10  may have various combinations of memory and interface types. The memory types may include: flash memory with hard disk drive emulation; SRAM-based, typically with hard disk drive emulation and a battery backup; internally mapped device memory; or memory, such as that used in a smart card, which does not require or use hard disk drive emulation. The interfaces may include those standard for personal computers, such as the universal serial bus (USB), IEEE 1392, etc., or wireless interfaces, such as that provided by Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11, and the like. 
   Regardless of the type of memory and interface, the keys  10  will be able to interface to the hosting computer where keylets can execute, and emulate the file systems of the hosting computer and store data files and keylets. In addition to computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and mobile telephones, hosts  12  may also include various types of kiosks, such as automated teller machines (ATMs) and the like. Keys  10  may emulate various types of Windows- and UNIX-based systems and the like.