Patent Publication Number: US-2021189427-A1

Title: Compositions and methods for gene delivery to the airways and/or lungs

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/951,523, filed Dec. 20, 2019, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     SUBMISSION OF SEQUENCE LISTING ON ASCII TEXT FILE 
     The content of the following submission on ASCII text file is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety: a computer readable form (CRF) of the Sequence Listing (file name: 761342001300SubSeqList.txt, date recorded: Feb. 28, 2021, size: 366 KB). 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present disclosure relates, in part, to recombinant nucleic acids comprising one or more polynucleotides encoding a polypeptide (e.g., an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide, such as a human alpha-1-antitrypsin polypeptide), viruses comprising the same, pharmaceutical compositions and formulations thereof, and methods of their use (e.g., for delivering the polypeptide to one or more cells of the respiratory tract and/or for the treatment of a disease affecting the lungs, such as alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency). 
     BACKGROUND 
     Genetic pulmonary diseases lead to significant lifelong morbidity and mortality. Approximately 22% of all pediatric hospital admissions are for respiratory disorders, and congenital causes of respiratory diseases are frequently lethal. Despite significant advances in clinical care and a better understanding of pathogenic mechanisms, definitive treatment options for these patients are lacking, and therapeutic approaches are often limited to supportive and compassionate care or lung transplantation. As such, new treatment strategies are needed to address the patient&#39;s underlying genetic/molecular deficiencies. 
     All references cited herein, including patent applications, patent publications, non-patent literature, and NCBI/UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Accession numbers are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, as if each individual reference were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     In order to meet these and other needs, provided herein are recombinant nucleic acids (e.g., recombinant herpes virus genomes) encoding one or more polypeptides (e.g. one or more inhaled therapeutic polypeptides) for use in viruses (e.g., herpes viruses), pharmaceutical compositions and formulations, medicaments, and/or methods useful for delivering the one or more polypeptides to one or more cells of the respiratory tract (e.g., airway epithelial cells) and/or for treating one or more diseases affecting the airways and/or lungs in a subject in need thereof. 
     Accordingly, certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to a recombinant herpes virus genome comprising one or more polynucleotides encoding an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome comprises two or more polynucleotides encoding an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome is replication competent. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome is replication defective. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome comprises the one or more polynucleotides encoding the inhaled therapeutic polypeptide within one or more viral gene loci. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome is selected from a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome, a recombinant varicella zoster virus genome, a recombinant human cytomegalovirus genome, a recombinant herpesvirus 6A genome, a recombinant herpesvirus 6B genome, a recombinant herpesvirus 7 genome, an Epstein-Barr virus genome, a recombinant Kaposi&#39;s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus genome, and any combinations or derivatives thereof. 
     In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome is a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome is a recombinant type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) genome, a recombinant type 2 herpes simplex virus (HSV-2) genome, or any derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome is a recombinant HSV-1 genome. 
     In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome has been engineered to reduce or eliminate expression of one or more toxic herpes simplex virus genes. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation. In some embodiments, the inactivating mutation is in a herpes simplex virus gene. In some embodiments, the inactivating mutation is a deletion of the coding sequence of the herpes simplex virus gene. In some embodiments, the herpes simplex virus gene is selected from Infected Cell Protein (ICP) 0 (one or both copies), ICP4 (one or both copies), ICP22, ICP27, ICP47, thymidine kinase (tk), Long Unique Region (UL) 41, and UL55. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in one or both copies of the ICP4 gene. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP22 gene. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the UL41 gene. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in one or both copies of the ICP0 gene. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP27 gene. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP47 gene. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the tk gene. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the UL55 gene. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the Joint region. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises a deletion of the Joint region. 
     In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises the one or more polynucleotides encoding the inhaled therapeutic polypeptide within one or more viral gene loci. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises the one or more polynucleotides encoding the inhaled therapeutic polypeptide within one or both of the ICP4 viral gene loci. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises the one or more polynucleotides encoding the inhaled therapeutic polypeptide within the ICP22 viral gene locus. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises the one or more polynucleotides encoding the inhaled therapeutic polypeptide within the UL41 viral gene locus. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises the one or more polynucleotides encoding the inhaled therapeutic polypeptide within one or both of the ICP0 viral gene loci. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises the one or more polynucleotides encoding the inhaled therapeutic polypeptide within the ICP27 viral gene locus. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises the one or more polynucleotides encoding the inhaled therapeutic polypeptide within the ICP47 viral gene locus. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises the one or more polynucleotides encoding the inhaled therapeutic polypeptide within the tk viral gene locus. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises the one or more polynucleotides encoding the inhaled therapeutic polypeptide within the UL55 viral gene locus. 
     In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the inhaled therapeutic polypeptide is selected from an Alpha-1-antitrypsin polypeptide, a Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2B polypeptide, a Dynein heavy chain 5 axonemal polypeptide, a Dynein heavy chain 11 axonemal polypeptide, a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 39 polypeptide, a Dynein intermediate chain 1 axonemal polypeptide, a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 40 polypeptide, a Coiled-coil domain containing protein 103 polypeptide, a Sperm-associated antigen 1 polypeptide, a Zinc finger MYND domain-containing protein 10 polypeptide, an Armadillo repeat containing protein 4 polypeptide, a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 151 polypeptide, a Dynein intermediate chain 2 axonemal polypeptide, a Radial spoke head 1 homolog polypeptide, a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 114 polypeptide, a Radial spoke head protein 4 homolog A polypeptide, a Dynein assembly factor 1 axonemal polypeptide, a Dynein assembly factor 2 axonemal polypeptide, a Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 6 polypeptide, a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B polypeptide, a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein C polypeptide, a Homeobox protein Nkx-2.1 polypeptide, an ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 3 polypeptide, a Cytokine receptor common subunit beta polypeptide, a Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor subunit alpha polypeptide, a Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 polypeptide, a Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 polypeptide, a serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R3 polypeptide, an Endoglin polypeptide, a Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9 polypeptide, a Caveolin-1 polypeptide, a Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 polypeptide, an eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 polypeptide, a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A2 polypeptide, a Telomerase reverse transcriptase polypeptide, a Dyskerin polypeptide, a Regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 polypeptide, a Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease PARN polypeptide, a TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2 polypeptide, an H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex non-core subunit NAF1 polypeptide, a Mucin-5B polypeptide, a Desmoplakin polypeptide, a CST complex subunit STN1 polypeptide, and a Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 polypeptide. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the inhaled therapeutic polypeptide is a human polypeptide. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the inhaled therapeutic polypeptide comprises a sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 3-46. In some embodiments, the inhaled therapeutic polypeptide comprises a sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3. In some embodiments, the inhaled therapeutic polypeptide comprises a sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, the inhaled therapeutic polypeptide comprises a sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 5-21. In some embodiments, the inhaled therapeutic polypeptide comprises a sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, the inhaled therapeutic polypeptide comprises a sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 22-27. In some embodiments, the inhaled therapeutic polypeptide comprises a sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 28-35. In some embodiments, the inhaled therapeutic polypeptide comprises a sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 23, 25, and 36-46. 
     In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome has reduced cytotoxicity when introduced into a target cell as compared to a corresponding wild-type herpes virus genome. In some embodiments, the target cell is a human cell. In some embodiments, the target cell is a cell of the respiratory tract. In some embodiments, the target cell is an airway epithelial cell. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to a herpes virus comprising any of the recombinant herpes virus genomes described herein. In some embodiments, the herpes virus is replication competent. In some embodiments, the herpes virus is replication defective. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the herpes virus has reduced cytotoxicity as compared to a corresponding wild-type herpes virus. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the herpes virus is selected from a herpes simplex virus, a varicella zoster virus, a human cytomegalovirus, a herpesvirus 6A, a herpesvirus 6B, a herpesvirus 7, an Epstein-Barr virus, a Kaposi&#39;s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, and any combinations or derivatives thereof. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the herpes virus is a herpes simplex virus. In some embodiments, the herpes simplex virus is an HSV-1, an HSV-2, or any derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, the herpes simplex virus is an HSV-1. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to a pharmaceutical composition comprising any of the recombinant herpes virus genomes and/or any of the recombinant herpes viruses described herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for topical, transdermal, subcutaneous, intradermal, oral, intranasal, intratracheal, sublingual, buccal, rectal, vaginal, inhaled, intravenous, intraarterial, intramuscular, intracardiac, intraosseous, intraperitoneal, transmucosal, intravitreal, subretinal, intraarticular, peri-articular, local, or epicutaneous administration. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for oral, intranasal, intratracheal, or inhaled administration. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for intranasal or inhaled administration. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for inhaled administration. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for use in a dry powder inhaler, a pressurized metered dose inhaler, a soft mist inhaler, a nebulizer, an electrohydrodynamic aerosol device, or any combinations thereof. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for use in a nebulizer. In some embodiments, the nebulizer is a vibrating mesh nebulizer. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a phosphate buffer. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises glycerol. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a lipid carrier. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a nanoparticle carrier. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to the use of any of the recombinant nucleic acids (e.g., recombinant herpes virus genomes), recombinant viruses (e.g., recombinant herpes viruses), and/or pharmaceutical compositions described herein as a medicament. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to the use of any of the recombinant nucleic acids (e.g., recombinant herpes virus genomes), recombinant viruses (e.g., recombinant herpes viruses), and/or pharmaceutical compositions described herein in a therapy. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to the use of any of the recombinant nucleic acids (e.g., recombinant herpes virus genomes), recombinant viruses (e.g., recombinant herpes viruses), and/or pharmaceutical compositions described herein in the preparation of a medicament for treating one or more pulmonary diseases (e.g., genetic pulmonary diseases). 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method of expressing, enhancing, increasing, augmenting, and/or supplementing the levels of an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide in one or more respiratory tract, airway epithelial, and/or lung cells of a subject comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of any of the recombinant herpes viruses and/or pharmaceutical compositions described herein. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from a chronic lung disease. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered orally, intranasally, intratracheally, or via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered intranasally or via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered using a dry powder inhaler, a pressurized metered dose inhaler, a soft mist inhaler, a nebulizer, or an electrohydrodynamic aerosol device. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered using a nebulizer. In some embodiments, the nebulizer is a vibrating mesh nebulizer. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method of reducing or inhibiting progressive lung destruction in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of any of the recombinant herpes viruses and/or pharmaceutical compositions described herein. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from a chronic lung disease. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered orally, intranasally, intratracheally, or via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered intranasally or via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered using a dry powder inhaler, a pressurized metered dose inhaler, a soft mist inhaler, a nebulizer, or an electrohydrodynamic aerosol device. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered using a nebulizer. In some embodiments, the nebulizer is a vibrating mesh nebulizer. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method of providing prophylactic, palliative, or therapeutic relief of one or more signs or symptoms of a disease affecting the airways and/or lungs in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of any of the recombinant herpes viruses and/or pharmaceutical compositions described herein. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered orally, intranasally, intratracheally, or via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered intranasally or via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered using a dry powder inhaler, a pressurized metered dose inhaler, a soft mist inhaler, a nebulizer, or an electrohydrodynamic aerosol device. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered using a nebulizer. In some embodiments, the nebulizer is a vibrating mesh nebulizer. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method of providing prophylactic, palliative, or therapeutic relief of one or more signs or symptoms of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of any of the recombinant herpes viruses and/or pharmaceutical compositions described herein. In some embodiments, the subject&#39;s genome comprises a pathogenic variant and/or loss-of-function mutation in a SERPINA1 gene. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome comprises one or more polynucleotides encoding an Alpha-1-antitrypsin polypeptide. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered orally, intranasally, intratracheally, or via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered intranasally or via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered using a dry powder inhaler, a pressurized metered dose inhaler, a soft mist inhaler, a nebulizer, or an electrohydrodynamic aerosol device. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered using a nebulizer. In some embodiments, the nebulizer is a vibrating mesh nebulizer. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method of providing prophylactic, palliative, or therapeutic relief of one or more signs or symptoms of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of any of the recombinant herpes viruses and/or pharmaceutical compositions described herein. In some embodiments, the subject&#39;s genome comprises a pathogenic variant and/or loss-of-function mutation in a SLC34A2 gene. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome comprises one or more polynucleotides encoding a Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2B polypeptide. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered orally, intranasally, intratracheally, or via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered intranasally or via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered using a dry powder inhaler, a pressurized metered dose inhaler, a soft mist inhaler, a nebulizer, or an electrohydrodynamic aerosol device. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered using a nebulizer. In some embodiments, the nebulizer is a vibrating mesh nebulizer. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method of providing prophylactic, palliative, or therapeutic relief of one or more signs or symptoms of primary ciliary dyskinesia in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of any of the recombinant herpes viruses and/or pharmaceutical compositions described herein. In some embodiments, the subject&#39;s genome comprises a pathogenic variant and/or loss-of-function mutation in one or more genes selected from DNAH5, DNAH11, CCDC39, DNA11, CCDC40, CCDC103, SPAG1, ZMYND10, ARMIC4, CCDC151, DNAI2, RSPH1, CCDC114, RSPH4A, DNAAF1, DNAAF2, and LRRC6. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome comprises one or more polynucleotides encoding a polypeptide selected from a Dynein heavy chain 5 axonemal polypeptide, a Dynein heavy chain 11 axonemal polypeptide, a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 39 polypeptide, a Dynein intermediate chain 1 axonemal polypeptide, a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 40 polypeptide, a Coiled-coil domain containing protein 103 polypeptide, a Sperm-associated antigen 1 polypeptide, a Zinc finger MYND domain-containing protein 10 polypeptide, an Armadillo repeat containing protein 4 polypeptide, a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 151 polypeptide, a Dynein intermediate chain 2 axonemal polypeptide, a Radial spoke head 1 homolog polypeptide, a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 114 polypeptide, a Radial spoke head protein 4 homolog A polypeptide, a Dynein assembly factor 1 axonemal polypeptide, a Dynein assembly factor 2 axonemal polypeptide, and a Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 6 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome comprises one or more polynucleotides encoding a Dynein heavy chain 5 axonemal polypeptide. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered orally, intranasally, intratracheally, or via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered intranasally or via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered using a dry powder inhaler, a pressurized metered dose inhaler, a soft mist inhaler, a nebulizer, or an electrohydrodynamic aerosol device. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered using a nebulizer. In some embodiments, the nebulizer is a vibrating mesh nebulizer. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method of providing prophylactic, palliative, or therapeutic relief of one or more signs or symptoms of congenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of any of the recombinant herpes viruses and/or pharmaceutical compositions described herein. In some embodiments, the subject&#39;s genome comprises a pathogenic variant and/or loss-of-function mutation in one or more genes selected from SFTPB, SFTPC, NKX2-1, ABCA3, CSF2RB, and CSF2RA. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome comprises one or more polynucleotides encoding a polypeptide selected from a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B polypeptide, a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein C polypeptide, a Homeobox protein Nkx-2.1 polypeptide, an ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 3 polypeptide, a Cytokine receptor common subunit beta polypeptide, and a Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor subunit alpha polypeptide. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered orally, intranasally, intratracheally, or via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered intranasally or via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered using a dry powder inhaler, a pressurized metered dose inhaler, a soft mist inhaler, a nebulizer, or an electrohydrodynamic aerosol device. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered using a nebulizer. In some embodiments, the nebulizer is a vibrating mesh nebulizer. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method of providing prophylactic, palliative, or therapeutic relief of one or more signs or symptoms of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of any of the recombinant herpes viruses and/or pharmaceutical compositions described herein. In some embodiments, the subject&#39;s genome comprises a pathogenic variant and/or loss-of-function mutation in one or more genes selected from BMPR2, ATP2A2, ACVRL1, ENG, SMAD9, CAV1, KCNK3, and EIF2AK4. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome comprises one or more polynucleotides encoding a polypeptide selected from a Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 polypeptide, a Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 polypeptide, a serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R3 polypeptide, an Endoglin polypeptide, a Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9 polypeptide, a Caveolin-1 polypeptide, a Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 polypeptide, and an eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 polypeptide. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered orally, intranasally, intratracheally, or via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered intranasally or via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered using a dry powder inhaler, a pressurized metered dose inhaler, a soft mist inhaler, a nebulizer, or an electrohydrodynamic aerosol device. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered using a nebulizer. In some embodiments, the nebulizer is a vibrating mesh nebulizer. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method of providing prophylactic, palliative, or therapeutic relief of one or more signs or symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of any of the recombinant herpes viruses and/or pharmaceutical compositions described herein. In some embodiments, the subject&#39;s genome comprises a pathogenic variant and/or loss-of-function mutation in one or more genes selected from SFTPC, ABCA3, SFTPA2, TERT, TERC, DKC1, RTEL, PARN, TINF2, NAF1, MUC5B, DSP, STN1, and DPP9. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome comprises one or more polynucleotides encoding a polypeptide selected from a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein C polypeptide, an ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 3 polypeptide, a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A2 polypeptide, a Telomerase reverse transcriptase polypeptide, a Dyskerin polypeptide, a Regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 polypeptide, a Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease PARN polypeptide, a TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2 polypeptide, an H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex non-core subunit NAF1 polypeptide, a Mucin-5B polypeptide, a Desmoplakin polypeptide, a CST complex subunit STN1 polypeptide, and a Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 polypeptide. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered orally, intranasally, intratracheally, or via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered intranasally or via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered using a dry powder inhaler, a pressurized metered dose inhaler, a soft mist inhaler, a nebulizer, or an electrohydrodynamic aerosol device. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered using a nebulizer. In some embodiments, the nebulizer is a vibrating mesh nebulizer. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method of delivering a polypeptide to one or more cells of the respiratory tract of a subject comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising (a) a herpes virus comprising a recombinant herpes virus genome, wherein the recombinant herpes virus genome comprises one or more polynucleotides encoding the polypeptide, and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from a genetic pulmonary disease. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from a disease affecting the airways and/or lungs. In some embodiments, the disease is selected from alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, congenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and pulmonary fibrosis. 
     In some embodiments, the herpes virus is replication competent. In some embodiments, the herpes virus is replication defective. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the herpes virus has reduced cytotoxicity as compared to a corresponding wild-type herpes virus. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the herpes virus is selected from a herpes simplex virus, a varicella zoster virus, a human cytomegalovirus, a herpesvirus 6A, a herpesvirus 6B, a herpesvirus 7, an Epstein-Barr virus, a Kaposi&#39;s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, and any combinations or derivatives thereof. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the herpes virus is a herpes simplex virus. In some embodiments, the herpes simplex virus is an HSV-1, an HSV-2, or any derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, the herpes simplex virus is an HSV-1. 
     In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome is selected from a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome, a recombinant varicella zoster virus genome, a recombinant human cytomegalovirus genome, a recombinant herpesvirus 6A genome, a recombinant herpesvirus 6B genome, a recombinant herpesvirus 7 genome, an Epstein-Barr virus genome, a recombinant Kaposi&#39;s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus genome, and any combinations or derivatives thereof. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome is a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome is a recombinant type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) genome, a recombinant type 2 herpes simplex virus (HSV-2) genome, or any derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome is a recombinant HSV-1 genome. 
     In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome has been engineered to reduce or eliminate expression of one or more toxic herpes simplex virus genes. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation. In some embodiments, the inactivating mutation is in a herpes simplex virus gene. In some embodiments, the inactivating mutation is a deletion of the coding sequence of the herpes simplex virus gene. In some embodiments, the herpes simplex virus gene is selected from Infected Cell Protein (ICP) 0 (one or both copies), ICP4 (one or both copies), ICP22, ICP27, ICP47, thymidine kinase (tk), Long Unique Region (UL) 41, and UL55. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in one or both copies of the ICP4 gene. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP22 gene. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the UL41 gene. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in one or both copies of the ICP0 gene. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP27 gene. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP47 gene. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the tk gene. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the UL55 gene. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the Joint region. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises a deletion of the Joint region. 
     In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises the one or more polynucleotides encoding the polypeptide within one or more viral gene loci. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises the one or more polynucleotides encoding the polypeptide within one or both of the ICP4 viral gene loci. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises the one or more polynucleotides encoding the polypeptide within the ICP22 viral gene locus. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises the one or more polynucleotides encoding the polypeptide within the UL41 viral gene locus. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises the one or more polynucleotides encoding the polypeptide within one or both of the ICP0 viral gene loci. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises the one or more polynucleotides encoding the polypeptide within the ICP27 viral gene locus. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises the one or more polynucleotides encoding the polypeptide within the ICP47 viral gene locus. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises the one or more polynucleotides encoding the polypeptide within the tk viral gene locus. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises the one or more polynucleotides encoding the polypeptide within the UL55 viral gene locus. 
     In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments that may be combined with any of the preceding embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is administered orally, intranasally, intratracheally, or via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is administered intranasally or via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is administered via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered using a dry powder inhaler, a pressurized metered dose inhaler, a soft mist inhaler, a nebulizer, or an electrohydrodynamic aerosol device. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered using a nebulizer. In some embodiments, the nebulizer is a vibrating mesh nebulizer. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to an article of manufacture or kit comprising any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein and instructions for administration thereof. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee. 
         FIGS. 1A-1I  show schematics of wild-type and modified herpes simplex virus genomes.  FIG. 1A  shows a wild-type herpes simplex virus genome.  FIG. 1B  shows a modified herpes simplex virus genome comprising deletions of the coding sequence of ICP4 (both copies), with an expression cassette containing a nucleic acid encoding an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide integrated at each of the ICP4 loci.  FIG. 1C  shows a modified herpes simplex virus genome comprising deletions of the coding sequences of ICP4 (both copies) and UL41, with an expression cassette containing a nucleic acid encoding an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide integrated at each of the ICP4 loci.  FIG. 1D  shows a modified herpes simplex virus genome comprising deletions of the coding sequences of ICP4 (both copies) and UL41, with an expression cassette containing a nucleic acid encoding an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide integrated at the UL41 locus.  FIG. 1E  shows a modified herpes simplex virus genome comprising deletions of the coding sequences of ICP4 (both copies) and ICP22, with an expression cassette containing a nucleic acid encoding an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide integrated at each of the ICP4 loci.  FIG. 1F  shows a modified herpes simplex virus genome comprising deletions of the coding sequences of ICP4 (both copies) and ICP22, with an expression cassette containing a nucleic acid encoding an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide integrated at the ICP22 locus.  FIG. 1G  shows a modified herpes simplex virus genome comprising deletions of the coding sequences of ICP4 (both copies), UL41, and ICP22, with an expression cassette containing a nucleic acid encoding an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide integrated at each of the ICP4 loci.  FIG. 1H  shows a modified herpes simplex virus genome comprising deletions of the coding sequences of ICP4 (both copies), UL41, and ICP22, with an expression cassette containing a nucleic acid encoding an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide integrated at the UL41 locus.  FIG. 1I  shows a modified herpes simplex virus genome comprising deletions of the coding sequences of ICP4 (both copies), UL41, and ICP22, with an expression cassette containing a nucleic acid encoding an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide integrated at the ICP22 locus. 
         FIGS. 2A-2B  show vector transduction and transgene expression in airways of wild-type and CFTR-deficient mice following nebulization of a modified herpes simplex virus encoding a human CFTR transgene (“HSV-CFTR”) or negative control (vehicle).  FIG. 2A  shows the levels of human CFTR DNA present in biopsies harvested from the indicated airway tissues in mice 48 hours after nebulization of HSV-CFTR or vehicle control, as assessed by qPCR analysis.  FIG. 2B  shows the levels of human CFTR transcripts present in biopsies harvested from the indicated airway tissues in mice 48 hours after nebulization of HSV-CFTR or vehicle control, as assessed by qRT-PCR analysis. Data is presented as the average of two tissue samples (two replicates/tissue)±standard error of the mean (SEM). 
         FIG. 3  shows representative hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) stained airway tissue samples harvested from wild-type and CFTR-deficient mice following nebulization of a modified herpes simplex virus encoding a human CFTR transgene (“HSV-CFTR”) or negative control (vehicle). 
         FIG. 4  shows cell infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) harvested from the lungs of wild-type and CFTR-deficient mice following nebulization of a modified herpes simplex virus encoding a human CFTR transgene (“HSV-CFTR”) or negative control (vehicle). Data is presented as the average of two sampled±SEM. Statistics calculated using a two-tailed Student&#39;s T-test. 
         FIG. 5  shows a schematic of the study design of repeat-dose nebulization of a modified herpes simplex virus encoding a human CFTR transgene (“HSV-CFTR”) in a non-human primate. 
         FIGS. 6A-6B  show vector transduction and transgene expression in select tissues of a non-human primate following nebulization of a modified herpes simplex virus encoding a human CFTR transgene (“HSV-CFTR”).  FIG. 6A  shows the levels of human CFTR DNA present in biopsies harvested from the indicated tissues 48 hours after nebulization of the high dose of HSV-CFTR, as assessed by qPCR analysis.  FIG. 6B  shows the levels of human CFTR transcripts present in biopsies harvested from the indicated tissues 48 hours after nebulization of the high dose of HSV-CFTR, as assessed by qRT-PCR analysis. Data is presented as the average of two replicates/tissue±SEM. nd: not detected. 
         FIG. 7  shows western blot detection of intracellular human alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) in uninfected control cells (mock) or cells infected with a modified herpes simplex virus encoding a human SERPINA1 transgene at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1 or 2. Recombinant human A1AT (rA1AT) was used as a positive control. 
         FIG. 8  shows western blot detection of human alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) secreted into the cell culture supernatant of uninfected control cells (mock) or cells infected with a modified herpes simplex virus encoding a human SERPINA1 transgene at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1 or 2. Recombinant human A1AT (rA1AT) was used as a positive control. A blank well was left between each infected cell supernatant sample when loading the gel (lanes 5, 7, and 9). 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following description sets forth exemplary methods, parameters, and the like. It should be recognized, however, that such a description is not intended as a limitation on the scope of the present disclosure but is instead provided as a description of exemplary embodiments. 
     I. General techniques 
     The techniques and procedures described or referenced herein are generally well understood and commonly employed using conventional methodology by those skilled in the art, such as, for example, the widely utilized methodologies described in Sambrook et al.,  Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual  3d edition (2001) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.;  Current Protocols in Molecular Biology  (F. M. Ausubel, et al. eds., (2003)); the series  Methods in Enzymology  (Academic Press, Inc.):  PCR  2:  A Practical Approach  (M. J. MacPherson, B. D. Hames and G. R. Taylor eds. (1995)), Harlow and Lane, eds. (1988);  Oligonucleotide Synthesis  (M. J. Gait, ed., 1984);  Methods in Molecular Biology,  Humana Press;  Cell Biology: A Laboratory Notebook  (J. E. Cellis, ed., 1998) Academic Press;  Animal Cell Culture  (R. I. Freshney), ed., 1987);  Introduction to Cell and Tissue Culture  (J. P. Mather and P. E. Roberts, 1998) Plenum Press;  Cell and Tissue Culture: Laboratory Procedures  (A. Doyle, J. B. Griffiths, and D. G. Newell, eds., 1993-8) J. Wiley and Sons;  Gene Transfer Vectors for Mammalian Cells  (J. M. Miller and M. P. Calos, eds., 1987);  PCR: The Polymerase Chain Reaction,  (Mullis et al., eds., 1994);  Short Protocols in Molecular Biology  (Wiley and Sons, 1999). 
     II. Definitions 
     Before describing the present disclosure in detail, it is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to particular compositions or biological systems, which can, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. 
     As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a molecule” optionally includes a combination of two or more such molecules, and the like. 
     As used herein, the term “and/or” may include any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. For example, the term “a and/or b” may refer to “a alone”, “b alone”, “a or b”, or “a and b”; the term “a, b, and/or c” may refer to “a alone”, “b alone”, “c alone”, “a or b”, “a or c”, “b or c”, “a, b, or c”, “a and b”, “a and c”, “b and c”, or “a, b, and c”; etc. 
     As used herein, the term “about” refers to the usual error range for the respective value readily known to the skilled person in this technical field. Reference to “about” a value or parameter herein includes (and describes) embodiments that are directed to that value or parameter per se. 
     It is understood that aspects and embodiments of the present disclosure include “comprising”, “consisting”, and “consisting essentially of” aspects and embodiments. 
     As used herein, the terms “polynucleotide”, “nucleic acid sequence”, “nucleic acid”, and variations thereof shall be generic to polydeoxyribonucleotides (containing 2-deoxy-D-ribose), to polyribonucleotides (containing D-ribose), to any other type of polynucleotide that is an N-glycoside of a purine or pyrimidine base, and to other polymers containing non-nucleotidic backbones, provided that the polymers contain nucleobases in a configuration that allows for base pairing and base stacking, as found in DNA and RNA. Thus, these terms include known types of nucleic acid sequence modifications, for example, substitution of one or more of the naturally occurring nucleotides with an analog, and inter-nucleotide modifications. 
     As used herein, a nucleic acid is “operatively linked” or “operably linked” when it is placed into a functional relationship with another nucleic acid sequence. For example, a promoter or enhancer is operably linked to a coding sequence if it affects the transcription of the sequence, or a ribosome binding site is operably linked to a coding sequence if it is positioned so as to facilitate translation. Generally, “operatively linked” or “operably linked” means that the DNA or RNA sequences being linked are contiguous. 
     As used herein, the term “vector” refers to discrete elements that are used to introduce heterologous nucleic acids into cells for either expression or replication thereof. An expression vector includes vectors capable of expressing nucleic acids that are operatively linked with regulatory sequences, such as promoter regions, that are capable of effecting expression of such nucleic acids. Thus, an expression vector may refer to a DNA or RNA construct, such as a plasmid, a phage, recombinant virus or other vector that, upon introduction into an appropriate host cell, results in expression of the nucleic acids. Appropriate expression vectors are well known to those of skill in the art and include those that are replicable in eukaryotic cells and those that remain episomal or those which integrate into the host cell genome. 
     As used herein, an “open reading frame” or “ORF” refers to a continuous stretch of nucleic acids, either DNA or RNA, that encode a protein or polypeptide. Typically, the nucleic acids comprise a translation start signal or initiation codon, such as ATG or AUG, and a termination codon. 
     As used herein, an “untranslated region” or “UTR” refers to untranslated nucleic acids at the 5′ and/or 3′ ends of an open reading frame. The inclusion of one or more UTRs in a polynucleotide may affect post-transcriptional regulation, mRNA stability, and/or translation of the polynucleotide. 
     As used herein, the term “transgene” refers to a polynucleotide that is capable of being transcribed into RNA and translated and/or expressed under appropriate conditions after being introduced into a cell. In some aspects, it confers a desired property to a cell into which it was introduced, or otherwise leads to a desired therapeutic or diagnostic outcome. 
     As used herein, the terms “polypeptide,” “protein,” and “peptide” are used interchangeably and may refer to a polymer of two or more amino acids. 
     As used herein, a “subject”, “host”, or an “individual” refers to any animal classified as a mammal, including humans, domestic and farm animals, and zoo, sports, or pet animals, such as dogs, horses, cats, cows, as well as animals used in research, such as mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, and non-human primates, etc. In some embodiments, the mammal is human. 
     As used herein, the terms “pharmaceutical formulation” or “pharmaceutical composition” refer to a preparation which is in such a form as to permit the biological activity of the active ingredient(s) to be effective, and which contains no additional components which are unacceptably toxic to a subject to which the composition or formulation would be administered. “Pharmaceutically acceptable” excipients (e.g., vehicles, additives) are those which can reasonably be administered to a subject mammal to provide an effective dose of the active ingredient(s) employed. 
     As used herein, an “effective amount” is at least the minimum amount required to affect a measurable improvement or prevention of one or more symptoms of a particular disorder. An “effective amount” may vary according to factors such as the disease state, age, sex, and weight of the patient. An effective amount is also one in which any toxic or detrimental effects of the treatment are outweighed by the therapeutically beneficial effects. For prophylactic use, beneficial or desired results include results such as eliminating or reducing the risk, lessening the severity, or delaying the onset of the disease, its complications and intermediate pathological phenotypes presenting during development of the disease. For therapeutic use, beneficial or desired results include clinical results such as decreasing one or more symptoms resulting from the disease, increasing the quality of life of those suffering from the disease, decreasing the dose of other medications used to treat symptoms of the disease, delaying the progression of the disease, and/or prolonging survival. An effective amount can be administered in one or more administrations. For purposes of the present disclosure, an effective amount of a recombinant nucleic acid, virus, and/or pharmaceutical composition is an amount sufficient to accomplish prophylactic or therapeutic treatment either directly or indirectly. As is understood in the clinical context, an effective amount of a recombinant nucleic acid, virus, and/or pharmaceutical composition may or may not be achieved in conjunction with another drug, compound, or pharmaceutical composition. Thus, an “effective amount” may be considered in the context of administering one or more therapeutic agents, and a single agent may be considered to be given in an effective amount if, in conjunction with one or more other agents, a desirable result may be or is achieved. 
     As used herein, “treatment” refers to clinical intervention designed to alter the natural course of the individual or cell being treated during the course of clinical pathology. Desirable effects of treatment include decreasing the rate of disease/disorder/defect progression, ameliorating or palliating the disease/disorder/defect state, and remission or improved prognosis. For example, an individual is successfully “treated” if one or more signs or symptoms associated with alpha-a-antitrypsin deficiency are mitigated or eliminated. 
     As used herein, the term “delaying progression of” a disease/disorder/defect refers to deferring, hindering, slowing, retarding, stabilizing, and/or postponing development of the disease/disorder/defect. This delay can be of varying lengths or time, depending on the history of the disease/disorder/defect and/or the individual being treated. As is evident to one of ordinary skill in the art, a sufficient or significant delay can, in effect, encompass prevention, in that the individual does not develop the disease. 
     III. Recombinant Nucleic Acids 
     Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to recombinant nucleic acids (e.g., isolated recombinant nucleic acids) comprising one or more (e.g., one or more, two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, ten or more, etc.) polynucleotides encoding a polypeptide (e.g., an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide). In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acid comprises one polynucleotide encoding an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide. In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acid comprises two polynucleotides encoding an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide. In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acid comprises three polynucleotides encoding an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide. In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acid comprises one or more polynucleotides encoding two or more inhaled therapeutic polypeptides. In some embodiments, the two or more inhaled therapeutic polypeptides are identical. In some embodiments, the two or more inhaled therapeutic polypeptides are different. 
     In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acid is a vector. In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acid is a viral vector. In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acid is a herpes viral vector. In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acid is a herpes simplex virus amplicon. In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acid is a recombinant herpes virus genome. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome is a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome is a recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genome. 
     Polynucleotides Encoding Inhaled Therapeutic Polypeptides 
     In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a recombinant nucleic acid comprising one or more polynucleotides encoding a polypeptide (e.g., an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide). In some embodiments, an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide is a wild-type and/or functional variant of a polypeptide that is correlated with, causative of, or contributes to one or more diseases that affects the airways and/or lungs (e.g., a mutant and/or truncated polypeptide that is correlated with, causative of, or contributes to one or more of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, congenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and/or pulmonary fibrosis). 
     In some embodiments, a recombinant nucleic acid of the present disclosure comprises one or more polynucleotides comprising the coding sequence of a wild-type and/or functional version of a gene that has been identified as comprising a pathogenic variant and/or loss-of-function mutation that is correlated with, causative of, or contributes to one or more diseases that affects the airways and/or lungs (e.g., a pathogenic variant and/or loss-of-function mutation in a gene identified in a patient suffering from one or more of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, congenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, etc.). Genes harboring pathogenic variants and/or loss-of-function mutations that are correlated with, causative of, or contribute to one or more diseases or conditions affecting the airways and/or lungs (e.g., alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, congenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis), include, e.g., SERPINA1, SLC34A2, DNAH5, DNAH11, CCDC39, DNAI1, CCDC40, CCDC103, SPAG1, ZMYND10, ARMC4, CCDC151, DNAI2, RSPH1, CCDC114, RSPH4A, DNAAF1, DNAAF2, LRRC6, SFTPB, SFTPC, NKX2-1, ABCA3, CSF2RB, CSF2RA, BMPR2, ATP2A2, ACVRL1, ENG, SMAD9, CAV1, KCNK3, EIF2AK4, SFTPA2, TERT, TERC, DKC 1, RTEL, PARN, TINF2, NAF1, MUC5B, DSP, STN1, and DPP9. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure comprises the wild-type coding sequence of any of the genes described herein (including any isoform thereof). An exemplary polynucleotide comprising the wild-type coding sequence of a human SERPINA1 gene is provided as SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure comprises a codon-optimized variant of the wild-type coding sequence of any of the genes described herein. An exemplary polynucleotide comprising a codon-optimized variant of the wild-type coding sequence of a human SERPINA1 gene is provided as SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, use a of a codon-optimized variant of the coding sequence of a gene increases stability and/or yield of heterologous expression (RNA and/or protein) of the encoded polypeptide in a target cell, as compared to the stability and/or yield of heterologous expression of a corresponding, non-codon-optimized, wild-type sequence. Any suitable method known in the art for performing codon optimization of a sequence for expression in one or more target cells (e.g., one or more human cells) may be used, including, for example, by the methods described by Fath et al. (PLoS One. 2011 Mar. 3; 6(3): e17596). 
     Any suitable polypeptide known in the art may be encoded by a polynucleotide of the present disclosure, including, for example, an Alpha-1-antitrypsin polypeptide, a Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2B polypeptide, a Dynein heavy chain 5 axonemal polypeptide, a Dynein heavy chain 11 axonemal polypeptide, a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 39 polypeptide, a Dynein intermediate chain 1 axonemal polypeptide, a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 40 polypeptide, a Coiled-coil domain containing protein 103 polypeptide, a Sperm-associated antigen 1 polypeptide, a Zinc finger MYND domain-containing protein 10 polypeptide, an Armadillo repeat containing protein 4 polypeptide, a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 151 polypeptide, a Dynein intermediate chain 2 axonemal polypeptide, a Radial spoke head 1 homolog polypeptide, a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 114 polypeptide, a Radial spoke head protein 4 homolog A polypeptide, a Dynein assembly factor 1 axonemal polypeptide, a Dynein assembly factor 2 axonemal polypeptide, a Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 6 polypeptide, a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B polypeptide, a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein C polypeptide, a Homeobox protein Nkx-2.1 polypeptide, an ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 3 polypeptide, a Cytokine receptor common subunit beta polypeptide, a Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor subunit alpha polypeptide, a Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 polypeptide, a Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 polypeptide, a serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R3 polypeptide, an Endoglin polypeptide, a Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9 polypeptide, a Caveolin-1 polypeptide, a Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 polypeptide, an eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 polypeptide, a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A2 polypeptide, a Telomerase reverse transcriptase polypeptide, a Dyskerin polypeptide, a Regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 polypeptide, a Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease PARN polypeptide, a TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2 polypeptide, an H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex non-core subunit NAF1 polypeptide, a Mucin-5B polypeptide, a Desmoplakin polypeptide, a CST complex subunit STN1 polypeptide, a Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 polypeptide, etc. In some embodiments, an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide of the present disclosure comprises a sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of any of the polypeptides described herein. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes an Alpha-1-antitrypsin polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Alpha-1-antitrypsin polypeptide is a human Alpha-1-antitrypsin polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: P01009). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type SERPINA1 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 5265), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding an Alpha-1-antitrypsin polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding an Alpha-1-antitrypsin polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding an Alpha-1-antitrypsin polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, but fewer than 418, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 3. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2B polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2B polypeptide is a human Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2B polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: 095436). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type SLC34A2 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 10568), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2B polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2B polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2B polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, but fewer than 690, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 4. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Dynein heavy chain 5 axonemal polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Dynein heavy chain 5 axonemal polypeptide is a human Dynein heavy chain 5 axonemal polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q8TE73). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type DNAH5 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 1767), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dynein heavy chain 5 axonemal polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dynein heavy chain 5 axonemal polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dynein heavy chain 5 axonemal polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 750, at least 1000, at least 1250, at least 1500, at least 1750, at least 2000, at least 2250, at least 2500, at least 2750, at least 3000, at least 3250, at least 3500, at least 3750, at least 4000, at least 4250, at least 4500, but fewer than 4624, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 5. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Dynein heavy chain 11 axonemal polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Dynein heavy chain 11 axonemal polypeptide is a human Dynein heavy chain 11 axonemal polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q96DT5). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type DNAH11 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 8701), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dynein heavy chain 11 axonemal polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dynein heavy chain 11 axonemal polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dynein heavy chain 11 axonemal polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 750, at least 1000, at least 1250, at least 1500, at least 1750, at least 2000, at least 2250, at least 2500, at least 2750, at least 3000, at least 3250, at least 3500, at least 3750, at least 4000, at least 4250, at least 4500, but fewer than 4516, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 6. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 39 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 39 polypeptide is a human Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 39 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q9UFE4). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type CCDC39 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 339829), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 39 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 39 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 39 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, at least 700, at least 800, at least 900, but fewer than 941, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 7. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Dynein intermediate chain 1 axonemal polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Dynein intermediate chain 1 axonemal polypeptide is a human Dynein intermediate chain 1 axonemal polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q9UI46). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type DNAI I gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 27019), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dynein intermediate chain 1 axonemal polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dynein intermediate chain 1 axonemal polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dynein intermediate chain 1 axonemal polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, but fewer than 699, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 8. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 40 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 40 polypeptide is a human Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 40 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q4G0X9). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type CCDC40 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 55036), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 40 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 40 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 40 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 750, at least 1000, but fewer than 1142, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 9. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 103 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 103 polypeptide is a human Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 103 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q81W40). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type CCDC103 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 388389), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 103 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 103 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 103 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, but fewer than 242, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 10. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Sperm-associated antigen 1 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Sperm-associated antigen 1 polypeptide is a human Sperm-associated antigen 1 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q07617). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type SPAG1 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 6674), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Sperm-associated antigen 1 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Sperm-associated antigen 1 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Sperm-associated antigen 1 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, at least 700, at least 800, at least 900, but fewer than 926, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 11. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Zinc finger MYND domain-containing protein 10 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Zinc finger MYND domain-containing protein 10 polypeptide is a human Zinc finger MYND domain-containing protein 10 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: 075800). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type ZMYND10 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 51364), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Zinc finger MYND domain-containing protein 10 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Zinc finger MYND domain-containing protein 10 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Zinc finger MYND domain-containing protein 10 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, but fewer than 440, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 12. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes an Armadillo repeat containing protein 4 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Armadillo repeat containing protein 4 polypeptide is a human Armadillo repeat containing protein 4 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q5T2S8). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type ARMC4 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 55130), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding an Armadillo repeat containing protein 4 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding an Armadillo repeat containing protein 4 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding an Armadillo repeat containing protein 4 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 750, at least 1000, but fewer than 1044, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 13. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 151 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 151 polypeptide is a human Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 151 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: A5D8V7). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type CCDC151 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 115948), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 151 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 151 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 151 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, but fewer than 595, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 14. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Dynein intermediate chain 2 axonemal polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Dynein intermediate chain 2 axonemal polypeptide is a human Dynein intermediate chain 2 axonemal polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q9GZS0). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type DNAI2 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 64446), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dynein intermediate chain 2 axonemal polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dynein intermediate chain 2 axonemal polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dynein intermediate chain 2 axonemal polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, but fewer than 605, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 15. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Radial spoke head 1 homolog polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Radial spoke head 1 homolog polypeptide is a human Radial spoke head 1 homolog polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q8WYR4). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type RSPH1 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 89765), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Radial spoke head 1 homolog polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Radial spoke head 1 homolog polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Radial spoke head 1 homolog polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, but fewer than 309, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 16. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 114 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 114 polypeptide is a human Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 114 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q96M63). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type CCDC114 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 93233), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 114 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 114 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 114 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, but fewer than 670, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 17. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Radial spoke head protein 4 homolog A polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Radial spoke head protein 4 homolog A polypeptide is a human Radial spoke head protein 4 homolog A polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q5TD94). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type RSPH4A gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 345895), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Radial spoke head protein 4 homolog A polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Radial spoke head protein 4 homolog A polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Radial spoke head protein 4 homolog A polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, at least 700, but fewer than 716, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 18. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Dynein assembly factor 1 axonemal polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Dynein assembly factor 1 axonemal polypeptide is a human Dynein assembly factor 1 axonemal polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q8NEP3). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type DNAAF1 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 123872), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dynein assembly factor 1 axonemal polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dynein assembly factor 1 axonemal polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dynein assembly factor 1 axonemal polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, at least 700, but fewer than 725, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 19. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Dynein assembly factor 2 axonemal polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Dynein assembly factor 2 axonemal polypeptide is a human Dynein assembly factor 2 axonemal polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q9NVR5). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type DNAAF2 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 55172), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dynein assembly factor 2 axonemal polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dynein assembly factor 2 axonemal polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dynein assembly factor 2 axonemal polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, at least 700, at least 800, but fewer than 837, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 20. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 6 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 6 polypeptide is a human Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 6 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q86X45). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type LRRC6 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 23639), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 6 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 6 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 6 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, but fewer than 466, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 21. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B polypeptide is a human Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: P07988). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type SFTPB gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 6439), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, but fewer than 381, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 22. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein C polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein C polypeptide is a human Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein C polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: P11686). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type SFTPC gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 6440), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein C polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein C polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein C polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, but fewer than 197, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 23. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Homeobox protein Nkx-2.1 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Homeobox protein Nkx-2.1 polypeptide is a human Homeobox protein Nkx-2.1 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: P43699). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type NKX2-1 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 7080), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Homeobox protein Nkx-2.1 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Homeobox protein Nkx-2.1 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Homeobox protein Nkx-2.1 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, but fewer than 371, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 24. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes an ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 3 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 3 polypeptide is a human ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 3 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q99758). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type ABCA3 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 21), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding an ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 3 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding an ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 3 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding an ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 3 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 750, at least 1000, at least 1250, at least 1500, but fewer than 1704, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 25. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Cytokine receptor common subunit beta polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Cytokine receptor common subunit beta polypeptide is a human Cytokine receptor common subunit beta polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: P32927). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type CSF2RB gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 1439), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Cytokine receptor common subunit beta polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Cytokine receptor common subunit beta polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Cytokine receptor common subunit beta polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, at least 700, at least 800, but fewer than 897, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 26. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor subunit alpha polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor subunit alpha polypeptide is a human Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor subunit alpha polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: P15509). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type CSF2RA gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 1438), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor subunit alpha polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor subunit alpha polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor subunit alpha polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, but fewer than 400, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 27. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 polypeptide is a human Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q13873). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type BMPR2 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 659), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 750, at least 1000, but fewer than 1038, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 28. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 polypeptide is a human Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: P16615). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type ATP2A2 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 488), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 750, at least 1000, but fewer than 1042, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 29. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R3 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R3 polypeptide is a human Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R3 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: P37023). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type ACVRL1 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 94), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R3 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R3 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R3 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, but fewer than 503, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 30. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes an Endoglin polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Endoglin polypeptide is a human Endoglin polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: P17813). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type ENG gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 2022), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding an Endoglin polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding an Endoglin polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding an Endoglin polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, but fewer than 658, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 31. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9 polypeptide is a human Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: O15198). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type SMAD9 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 4093), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, but fewer than 467, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 32. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Caveolin-1 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Caveolin-1 polypeptide is a human Caveolin-1 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q03135). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type CAV1 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 857), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Caveolin-1 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Caveolin-1 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Caveolin-1 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, but fewer than 178, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 33. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 polypeptide is a human Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: O14649). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type KCNK3 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 3777), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, but fewer than 394, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 34. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes an eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 polypeptide is a human eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q9P2K8). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type EIF2AK4 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 440275), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding an eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding an eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding an eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 750, at least 1000, at least 1250, at least 1500, but fewer than 1649, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 35. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A2 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A2 polypeptide is a human Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A2 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q8IWL1). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type SFTPA2 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 729238), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A2 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A2 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A2 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, but fewer than 248, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 36. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Telomerase reverse transcriptase polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Telomerase reverse transcriptase polypeptide is a human Telomerase reverse transcriptase polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: 014746). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type TERT gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 7015), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Telomerase reverse transcriptase polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Telomerase reverse transcriptase polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Telomerase reverse transcriptase polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 750, at least 1000, but fewer than 1132, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 37. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Dyskerin polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Dyskerin polypeptide is a human Dyskerin polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: O60832). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type DKC1 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 1736), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dyskerin polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dyskerin polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dyskerin polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, but fewer than 514, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 38. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 polypeptide is a human Regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q9NZ71). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type RTEL gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 51750), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 750, at least 1000, but fewer than 1219, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 39. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease PARN polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease PARN polypeptide is a human Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease PARN polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: O95453). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type PARN gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 5073), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease PARN polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease PARN polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease PARN polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, but fewer than 639, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 40. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2 polypeptide is a human TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q9BSI4). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type TINF2 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 26277), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, but fewer than 451, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 41. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes an H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex non-core subunit NAF1 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex non-core subunit NAF1 polypeptide is a human H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex non-core subunit NAF1 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q96HR8). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type NAF1 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 92345), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding an H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex non-core subunit NAF1 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding an H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex non-core subunit NAF1 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding an H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex non-core subunit NAF1 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, but fewer than 494, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 42. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Mucin-5B polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Mucin-5B polypeptide is a human Mucin-5B polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q9HC84). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type MUC5B gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 727897), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Mucin-5B polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Mucin-5B polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Mucin-5B polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 750, at least 1000, at least 1250, at least 1500, at least 1750, at least 2000, at least 2250, at least 2500, at least 2750, at least 3000, at least 3250, at least 3500, at least 3750, at least 4000, at least 4250, at least 4500, at least 4750, at least 5000, at least 5250, at least 5500, at least 5750, but fewer than 5762, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 43. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Desmoplakin polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Desmoplakin polypeptide is a human Desmoplakin polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: P15924). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type DSP gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 1832), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Desmoplakin polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Desmoplakin polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Desmoplakin polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 750, at least 1000, at least 1250, at least 1500, at least 1750, at least 2000, at least 2250, at least 2500, at least 2750, but fewer than 2871, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 44. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a CST complex subunit STN1 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the CST complex subunit STN1 polypeptide is a human CST complex subunit STN1 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q9H668). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type STN1 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 79991), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a CST complex subunit STN1 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a CST complex subunit STN1 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a CST complex subunit STN1 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, but fewer than 368, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 45. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 polypeptide is a human Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 polypeptide (see e.g., UniProt accession number: Q86TI2). In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises the coding sequence of a wild-type DPP9 gene (see e.g., NCBI Gene ID: 91039), or a codon-optimized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding a Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 polypeptide is a polynucleotide that encodes an N-terminal truncation, a C-terminal truncation, or a fragment of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46. N-terminal truncations, C-terminal truncations, or fragments may comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, at least 700, at least 800, but fewer than 892, consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 46. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 3-46. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 3-46. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 5-21. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 5-21. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 22-27. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 22-27. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 28-35. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 28-35. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 23, 25, and 36-46. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encodes a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 23, 25, and 36-46. 
     A polynucleotide of the present disclosure encoding a polypeptide (e.g., an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide) may further encode additional coding and non-coding sequences. Examples of additional coding and non-coding sequences may include, but are not limited to, sequences encoding additional polypeptide tags (e.g., encoded in-frame with the polypeptide in order to produce a fusion protein), introns (e.g., native, modified, or heterologous introns), 5′ and/or 3′ UTRs (e.g., native, modified, or heterologous 5′ and/or 3′ UTRs), and the like. Examples of suitable polypeptide tags may include, but are not limited, to any combination of purification tags, such as his-tags, flag-tags, maltose binding protein and glutathione-S-transferase tags, detection tags, such as tags that may be detected photometrically (e.g., green fluorescent protein, red fluorescent protein, etc.) and tags that have a detectable enzymatic activity (e.g., alkaline phosphatase, etc.), tags containing secretory sequences, signal sequences, leader sequences, and/or stabilizing sequences, protease cleavage sites (e.g., furin cleavage sites, TEV cleavage sites, Thrombin cleavage sites, etc.), and the like. In some embodiments, the 5′ and/or 3′UTRs increase the stability, localization, and/or translational efficiency of the polynucleotides. In some embodiments, the 5′ and/or 3′UTRs improve the level and/or duration of protein expression. In some embodiments, the 5′ and/or 3′UTRs include elements (e.g., one or more miRNA binding sites, etc.) that may block or reduce off-target expression (e.g., inhibiting expression in specific cell types (e.g., neuronal cells), at specific times in the cell cycle, at specific developmental stages, etc.). In some embodiments, the 5′ and/or 3′UTRs include elements (e.g., one or more miRNA binding sites, etc.) that may enhance expression of the encoded polypeptide in specific cell types. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encoding a polypeptide (e.g., an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide) is operably linked to one or more (e.g., one or more, two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, ten or more, etc.) regulatory sequences. The term “regulatory sequence” may include enhancers, insulators, promoters, and other expression control elements (e.g., polyadenylation signals). Any suitable enhancer(s) known in the art may be used, including, for example, enhancer sequences from mammalian genes (such as globin, elastase, albumin, α-fetoprotein, insulin and the like), enhancer sequences from a eukaryotic cell virus (such as SV40 enhancer on the late side of the replication origin (bp 100-270), the cytomegalovirus early promoter enhancer, the polyoma enhancer on the late side of the replication origin, adenovirus enhancers, and the like), and any combinations thereof. Any suitable insulator(s) known in the art may be used, including, for example, HSV chromatin boundary (CTRL/CTCF-binding/insulator) elements CTRL1 and/or CTRL2, chicken hypersensitive site 4 insulator (cHS4), human HNRPA2B1—CBX3 ubiquitous chromatin opening element (UCOE), the scaffold/matrix attachment region (S/MAR) from the human interferon beta gene (IFNB1), and any combinations thereof. Any suitable promoter (e.g., suitable for transcription in mammalian host cells) known in the art may be used, including, for example, promoters obtained from the genomes of viruses (such as polyoma virus, fowlpox virus, adenovirus (such as Adenovirus 2), bovine papilloma virus, avian sarcoma virus, cytomegalovirus, a retrovirus, hepatitis-B virus, Simian Virus 40 (SV40), and the like), promoters from heterologous mammalian genes (such as the actin promoter (e.g., the β-actin promoter), a ubiquitin promoter (e.g., a ubiquitin C (UbC) promoter), a phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) promoter, an immunoglobulin promoter, from heat-shock promoters, and the like), promoters from homologous mammalian genes, synthetic promoters (such as the CAG promoter), and any combinations thereof, provided such promoters are compatible with the host cells. Regulatory sequences may include those which direct constitutive expression of a nucleic acid, as well as tissue-specific regulatory and/or inducible or repressible sequences. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure is operably linked to one or more heterologous promoters. In some embodiments, the one or more heterologous promoters are one or more of constitutive promoters, tissue-specific promoters, temporal promoters, spatial promoters, inducible promoters and repressible promoters. In some embodiments, the one or more heterologous promoters are one or more of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate early promoter, the human elongation factor-1 (EF1) promoter, the human β-actin promoter, the human UbC promoter, the human PGK promoter, the synthetic CAGG promoter, and any combinations thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encoding a polypeptide (e.g., an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide) is operably linked to an HCMV promoter. 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure encoding a polypeptide (e.g., an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide, such as alpha-1-antitrypsin) expresses the polypeptide when the polynucleotide is delivered into one or more target cells of a subject (e.g., one or more cells of the respiratory tract, airway, lungs, etc. of the subject). In some embodiments, expression of the polypeptide (e.g., an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide, such as alpha-1-antitrypsin) enhances, increases, augments, and/or supplements the levels, function, and/or activity of the polypeptide in one or more target cells of a subject (e.g., as compared to prior to expression of the polypeptide, as compared to levels of the endogenous polypeptide expressed in the cell, etc.). In some embodiments, expression of the polypeptide (e.g., an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide, such as alpha-1-antitrypsin) provides prophylactic, palliative, or therapeutic relief of one or more signs or symptoms of a disease affecting the airways and/or lungs (e.g., alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, congenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, etc.) in a subject (e.g., as compared to prior to expression of the polypeptide). 
     In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure does not comprise the coding sequence of (e.g., a transgene encoding) a Collagen alpha-1 (VII) chain polypeptide (COL7). In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure does not comprise the coding sequence of (e.g., a transgene encoding) a Lysyl hydroxylase 3 polypeptide (LH3). In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure does not comprise the coding sequence of (e.g., a transgene encoding) a Keratin type I cytoskeletal 17 polypeptide (KRT17). In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure does not comprise the coding sequence of (e.g., a transgene encoding) a transglutaminase (TGM) polypeptide (e.g., a human transglutaminase polypeptide such as a human TGM1 polypeptide and/or a human TGM5 polypeptide). In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure does not comprise the coding sequence of (e.g., a transgene encoding) a cosmetic protein (e.g., collagen proteins, fibronectins, elastins, lumicans, vitronectins/vitronectin receptors, laminins, neuromodulators, fibrillins, additional dermal extracellular matrix proteins, etc.). In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure does not comprise the coding sequence of (e.g., a transgene encoding) an antibody (e.g., a full-length antibody, an antibody fragment, etc.). In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure does not comprise the coding sequence of (e.g., a transgene encoding) a Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal-type (SPINK) polypeptide (e.g., a human SPINK polypeptide, such as a SPINK5 polypeptide). In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure does not comprise the coding sequence of (e.g., a transgene encoding) a filaggrin or filaggrin 2 polypeptide (e.g., a human filaggrin or filaggrin 2 polypeptide). In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure does not comprise the coding sequence of (e.g., a transgene encoding) a Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) polypeptide (e.g., a human CFTR polypeptide). In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure does not comprise the coding sequence of (e.g., a transgene encoding) an ichthyosis-associated polypeptide (e.g., an ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 12 polypeptide, a 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase ABHD5 polypeptide, an Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member A2 polypeptide, an Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase 12R-type polypeptide, a Hydroperoxide isomerase ALOXE3 polypeptide, an AP-1 complex subunit sigma-lA polypeptide, an Arylsulfatase E polypeptide, a Caspase-14 polypeptide, a Corneodesmosin polypeptide, a Ceramide synthase 3 polypeptide, a Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 8 polypeptide, a Claudin-1 polypeptide, a Cystatin-A polypeptide, a Cytochrome P450 4F22 polypeptide, a 3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase polypeptide, an Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 4 polypeptide, a Filaggrin polypeptide, a Filaggrin 2 polypeptide, a Gap junction beta-2 polypeptide, a Gap junction beta-3 polypeptide, a Gap junction beta-4 polypeptide, a Gap junction beta-6 polypeptide, a 3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase polypeptide, a Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1 polypeptide, a Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal polypeptide, a Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 9 polypeptide, a Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 10 polypeptide, a Lipase member N polypeptide, a Loricrin polypeptide, a Membrane-bound transcription factor site-2 protease polypeptide, a Magnesium transporter NIPA4 polypeptide, a Sterol-4-alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase, decarboxylating polypeptide, a Peroxisomal targeting signal 2 receptor polypeptide, a D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase polypeptide, a Phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase, peroxisomal polypeptide, Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 1 polypeptide, a Proteasome maturation protein polypeptide, a Phosphoserine aminotransferase polypeptide, a Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 9C member 7 polypeptide, a Serpin B8 polypeptide, a Long-chain fatty acid transport protein 4 polypeptide, a Synaptosomal-associated protein 29 polypeptide, a Suppressor of tumorigenicity 14 protein polypeptide, a Steryl-sulfatase polypeptide, a Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33B polypeptide, and a CAAX prenyl protease 1 homolog polypeptide). In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure does not comprise the coding sequence of (e.g., a transgene encoding) a Collagen alpha-1 (VII) chain polypeptide, a Lysyl hydroxylase 3 polypeptide, a Keratin type I cytoskeletal 17 polypeptide, and/or any chimeric polypeptides thereof. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present disclosure does not comprise the coding sequence of (e.g., a transgene encoding) a Collagen alpha-1 (VII) chain polypeptide, a Lysyl hydroxylase 3 polypeptide, a Keratin type I cytoskeletal 17 polypeptide, a transglutaminase (TGM) polypeptide, a filaggrin polypeptide, a cosmetic protein, an antibody, a SPINK polypeptide, a CFTR polypeptide, an ichthyosis-associated polypeptide, and/or any chimeric polypeptides thereof. 
     Recombinant Nucleic Acids 
     In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to recombinant nucleic acids comprising any one or more of the polynucleotides described herein. In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acid is a vector (e.g., an expression vector, a display vector, etc.). In some embodiments, the vector is a DNA vector or an RNA vector. Generally, vectors suitable to maintain, propagate, and/or express polynucleotides to produce one or more polypeptides in a subject may be used. Examples of suitable vectors may include, for example, plasmids, cosmids, episomes, transposons, and viral vectors (e.g., adenoviral vectors, adeno-associated viral vectors, vaccinia viral vectors, Sindbis-viral vectors, measles vectors, herpes viral vectors, lentiviral vectors, retroviral vectors, etc.). In some embodiments, the vector is a herpes viral vector. In some embodiments, the vector is capable of autonomous replication in a host cell. In some embodiments, the vector is incapable of autonomous replication in a host cell. In some embodiments, the vector can integrate into a host DNA. In some embodiments, the vector cannot integrate into a host DNA (e.g., is episomal). Methods of making vectors containing one or more polynucleotides of interest are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art, including, for example, by chemical synthesis or by artificial manipulation of isolated segments of nucleic acids (e.g., by genetic engineering techniques). 
     In some embodiments, a recombinant nucleic acid of the present disclosure is a herpes simplex virus (HSV) amplicon. Herpes virus amplicons, including the structural features and methods of making the same, are generally known to one of ordinary skill in the art (see e.g., de Silva S. and Bowers W. “Herpes Virus Amplicon Vectors”.  Viruses  2009, 1, 594-629). In some embodiments, the herpes simplex virus amplicon is an HSV-1 amplicon. In some embodiments, the herpes simplex virus amplicon is an HSV-1 hybrid amplicon. Examples of HSV-1 hybrid amplicons may include, but are not limited to, HSV/AAV hybrid amplicons, HSV/EBV hybrid amplicons, HSV/EBV/RV hybrid amplicons, and/or HSV/Sleeping Beauty hybrid amplicons. In some embodiments, the amplicon is an HSV/AAV hybrid amplicon. In some embodiments, the amplicon is an HSV/Sleeping Beauty hybrid amplicon. 
     In some embodiments, a recombinant nucleic acid of the present disclosure is a recombinant herpes virus genome. The recombinant herpes virus genome may be a recombinant genome from any member of the Herpesviridae family of DNA viruses known in the art, including, for example, a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome, a recombinant varicella zoster virus genome, a recombinant human cytomegalovirus genome, a recombinant herpesvirus 6A genome, a recombinant herpesvirus 6B genome, a recombinant herpesvirus 7 genome, a recombinant Epstein-Barr virus genome, a recombinant Kaposi&#39;s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus genome, and any combinations or derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome comprises one or more (e.g., one or more, two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, etc.) inactivating mutations. As used herein, an “inactivating mutation” may refer to any mutation that results in a gene or regulon product (RNA or protein) having reduced, undetectable, or eliminated quantity and/or function (e.g., as compared to a corresponding sequence lacking the inactivating mutation). Examples of inactivating mutations may include, but are not limited to, deletions, insertions, point mutations, and rearrangements in transcriptional control sequences (promoters, enhancers, insulators, etc.) and/or coding sequences of a given gene or regulon. Any suitable method of measuring the quantity of a gene or regulon product known in the art may be used, including, for example, qPCR, Northern blots, RNAseq, western blots, ELISAs, etc. In some embodiments, the one or more inactivating mutations are in one or more (e.g., one or more, two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, etc.) herpes virus genes. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome is attenuated (e.g., as compared to a corresponding, wild-type herpes virus genome). In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome is replication competent. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome is replication defective. 
     In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acid is a recombinant herpes simplex virus (HSV) genome. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises one or more (e.g., one or more, two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, etc.) inactivating mutations. In some embodiments, the one or more inactivating mutations are in one or more (e.g., one or more, two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, etc.) herpes simplex virus genes. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome is attenuated (e.g., as compared to a corresponding, wild-type herpes simplex virus genome). In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome is replication competent. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome is replication defective. 
     In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome is a recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genome, a recombinant herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) genome, or any derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome is a recombinant HSV-1 genome. In some embodiments, the recombinant HSV-1 genome may be from any HSV-1 strain known in the art, including, for example, strains 17, Ty25, R62, S25, Ku86, S23, R11, Ty148, Ku47, H166 syn , 1319-2005, F-13, M-12, 90237, F-17, KOS, 3083-2008, F12g, L2, CD38, H193, M-15, India 2011, 0116209, F-11I, 66-207, 2762, 369-2007, 3355, Maclntyre, McKrae, 7862, 7-hse, HF10, 1394,2005, 270-2007, OD4, SC16, M-19, 4J1037, 5J1060, J1060, KOS79, 132-1988, 160-1982, H166, 2158-2007, RE, 78326, F18g, F11, 172-2010, H129, F, E4, CJ994, F14g, E03, E22, E10, E06, E11, E25, E23, E35, E15, E07, E12, E14, E08, E19, E13, ATCC 2011, etc. (see e.g., Bowen et al. J Virol. 2019 Apr. 3; 93(8)). In some embodiments, the recombinant HSV-1 genome is from the KOS strain. In some embodiments, the recombinant HSV-1 genome is not from the McKrae strain. In some embodiments, the recombinant HSV-1 genome is attenuated (e.g., as compared to a corresponding, wild-type HSV-1 genome). In some embodiments, the recombinant HSV-1 genome is replication competent. In some embodiments, the recombinant HSV-1 genome is replication defective. 
     In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, or all eight of the Infected Cell Protein (or Infected Cell Polypeptide) (ICP) 0, ICP4, ICP22, ICP27, ICP47, thymidine kinase (tk), Long Unique Region (UL) 41 and/or UL55 herpes simplex virus genes. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome does not comprise an inactivating mutation in the ICP34.5 (one or both copies) and/or ICP47 herpes simplex virus genes (e.g., to avoid production of an immune-stimulating virus). In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome does not comprise an inactivating mutation in the ICP34.5(one or both copies) herpes simplex virus gene. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome does not comprise an inactivating mutation in the ICP47 herpes simplex virus gene. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome does not comprise an inactivating mutation in the ICP34.5 (one or both copies) and ICP47 herpes simplex virus genes. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome is not oncolytic. 
     In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP0 gene (one or both copies). In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP0 gene (one or both copies), and further comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP4 (one or both copies), ICP22, ICP27, ICP47, UL41, and/or UL55 genes. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP0 gene (one or both copies), and an inactivating mutation in the ICP4 gene (one or both copies). In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP0 gene (one or both copies), and an inactivating mutation in the ICP22 gene. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP0 gene (one or both copies), and an inactivating mutation in the UL41 gene. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP0 gene (one or both copies), an inactivating mutation in the ICP4 gene (one or both copies), and an inactivating mutation in the ICP22 gene. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP0 gene (one or both copies), an inactivating mutation in the ICP4 gene (one or both copies), and an inactivating mutation in the UL41 gene. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP0 gene (one or both copies), an inactivating mutation in the ICP22 gene, and an inactivating mutation in the UL41 gene. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP0 gene (one or both copies), an inactivating mutation in the ICP4 gene (one or both copies), an inactivating mutation in the ICP22 gene, and an inactivating mutation in the UL41 gene. In some embodiments, the inactivating mutation is a deletion of the coding sequence of the ICP0 (one or both copies), ICP4 (one or both copies), ICP22, and/or UL41 genes. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome further comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP27, ICP47, and/or UL55 genes. 
     In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP4 gene (one or both copies). In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP4 gene (one or both copies), and further comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP0 (one or both copies), ICP22, ICP27, ICP47, UL41, and/or UL55 genes. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP4 gene (one or both copies), and an inactivating mutation in the ICP22 gene. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP4 gene (one or both copies), and an inactivating mutation in the UL41 gene. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP4 gene (one or both copies), an inactivating mutation in the ICP22 gene, and an inactivating mutation in the UL41 gene. In some embodiments, the inactivating mutation is a deletion of the coding sequence of the ICP4 (one or both copies), ICP22, and/or UL41 genes. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome further comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP0 (one or both copies), ICP27, ICP47, and/or UL55 genes. 
     In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP22 gene. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP22 gene, and further comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP0 (one or both copies), ICP4 (one or both copies), ICP27, ICP47, UL41, and/or UL55 genes. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP22 gene, and an inactivating mutation UL41 gene. In some embodiments, the inactivating mutation is a deletion of the coding sequence of the ICP22 and/or UL41 genes. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome further comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP0 (one or both copies), ICP4 (one or both copies), ICP27, ICP47, and/or UL55 genes. 
     In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP27 gene. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP27 gene, and further comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP0 (one or both copies), ICP4 (one or both copies), ICP22, ICP47, UL41, and/or UL55 genes. In some embodiments, the inactivating mutation is a deletion of the coding sequence of the ICP27 gene. 
     In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP47 gene. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP47 gene, and further comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP0 (one or both copies), ICP4 (one or both copies), ICP22, ICP27, UL41, and/or UL55 genes. In some embodiments, the inactivating mutation is a deletion of the coding sequence of the ICP47 gene. 
     In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the UL41 gene. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the UL41 gene, and further comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP0 (one or both copies), ICP4 (one or both copies), ICP22, ICP27, ICP47, and/or UL55 genes. In some embodiments, the inactivating mutation is a deletion of the coding sequence of the UL41 gene. 
     In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the UL55 gene. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the UL55 gene, and further comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP0 (one or both copies), ICP4 (one or both copies), ICP22, ICP27, ICP47, and/or UL41 genes. In some embodiments, the inactivating mutation is a deletion of the coding sequence of the UL55 gene. 
     In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in (e.g., a deletion of) the internal repeat (Joint) region comprising the internal repeat long (IRL) and internal repeat short (IRs) regions. In some embodiments, inactivation (e.g., deletion) of the Joint region eliminates one copy each of the ICP4 and ICP0 genes. In some embodiments, inactivation (e.g., deletion) of the Joint region further inactivates (e.g., deletes) the promoter for the ICP22 and ICP47 genes. If desired, expression of one or both of these genes can be restored by insertion of an immediate early promoter into the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome (see e.g., Hill et al. (1995). Nature 375(6530): 411-415; Goldsmith et al. (1998). J Exp Med 187(3): 341-348). Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that inactivating (e.g., deleting) the Joint region may contribute to the stability of the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome and/or allow for the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome to accommodate more and/or larger transgenes. 
     In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP4 (one or both copies), ICP22, and ICP27 genes. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP4 (one or both copies), ICP27, and UL55 genes. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP4 (one or both copies), ICP22, ICP27, ICP47, and UL55 genes. In some embodiments, the inactivating mutation in the ICP4 (one or both copies), ICP27, and/or UL55 genes is a deletion of the coding sequence of the ICP4 (one or both copies), ICP27, and/or UL55 genes. In some embodiments, the inactivating mutation in the ICP22 and ICP47 genes is a deletion in the promoter region of the ICP22 and ICP47 genes (e.g., the ICP22 and ICP47 coding sequences are intact but are not transcriptionally active). In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises a deletion in the coding sequence of the ICP4 (one or both copies), ICP27, and UL55 genes, and a deletion in the promoter region of the ICP22 and ICP47 genes. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome further comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP0 (one or both copies) and/or UL41 genes. 
     In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP0 (one or both copies) gene. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP0 (one or both copies) and ICP4 (one or both copies) genes. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP0 (one or both copies), ICP4 (one or both copies), and ICP22 genes. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP0 (one or both copies), ICP4 (one or both copies), ICP22, and ICP27 genes. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP0 (one or both copies), ICP4 (one or both copies), ICP22, ICP27 and UL55 genes. In some embodiments, the inactivating mutation in the ICP0 (one or both copies), ICP4 (one or both copies), ICP22, ICP27 and/or UL55 genes comprises a deletion of the coding sequence of the ICP0 (one or both copies), ICP4 (one or both copies), ICP22, ICP27 and/or UL55 genes. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes simplex virus genome further comprises an inactivating mutation in the ICP47 and/or the UL41 genes. 
     In some embodiments, a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within one, two, three, four, five, six, seven or more viral gene loci. Examples of suitable viral loci may include, without limitation, the ICP0 (one or both copies), ICP4 (one or both copies), ICP22, ICP27, ICP47, tk, UL41 and UL55 herpes simplex viral gene loci. In some embodiments, a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within one or both of the viral ICP4 gene loci (e.g., a recombinant virus comprising a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide (such as an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide) in one or both of the ICP4 loci). In some embodiments, a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within the viral ICP22 gene locus (e.g., a recombinant virus comprising a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide (such as an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide) in the ICP22 locus). In some embodiments, a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within the viral UL41 gene locus (e.g., a recombinant virus comprising a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide (such as an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide) in the UL41 locus). In some embodiments, a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within the viral ICP27 gene locus (e.g., a recombinant virus comprising a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide (such as an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide) in the ICP27 locus). In some embodiments, a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within the viral ICP47 gene locus (e.g., a recombinant virus comprising a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide (such as an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide) in the ICP47 locus). In some embodiments, a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within the viral UL55 gene locus (e.g., a recombinant virus comprising a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide (such as an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide) in the UL55 locus). In some embodiments, a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within the viral tk gene locus (e.g., a recombinant virus comprising a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide (such as an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide) in the tk locus). 
     In some embodiments, a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within one or both of the viral ICP4 gene loci, and one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within the viral ICP22 gene locus (e.g., a recombinant virus comprising a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide (such as an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide) in one or both of the ICP4 loci, and a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide (such as an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide) in the ICP22 locus). In some embodiments, a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within one or both of the viral ICP4 gene loci, and one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within the viral UL41 gene locus (e.g., a recombinant virus comprising a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide (such as an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide) in one or both of the ICP4 loci, and a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide (such as an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide) in the UL41 locus). In some embodiments, a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within the viral ICP22 gene locus, and one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within the viral UL41 gene locus (e.g., a recombinant virus comprising a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide (such as an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide) in the ICP22 locus, and a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide (such as an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide) in the UL41 locus). In some embodiments, a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within one or both of the viral ICP4 gene loci, one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within the viral ICP22 gene locus, and one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within the viral UL41 gene locus (e.g., a recombinant virus comprising a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide (such as an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide) in one or both of the ICP4 loci, a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide (such as an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide) in the ICP22 locus, and a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide (such as an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide) in the UL41 locus). In some embodiments, a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome comprises one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within one or both of the viral ICP4 gene loci, one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within the viral ICP22 gene locus, one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within the viral UL41 gene locus, one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within the viral ICP27 gene locus, one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within the viral ICP47 gene locus, one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within the viral tk gene locus, and/or one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure within the viral UL55 gene locus. 
     In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome (e.g., a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome) has been engineered to decrease or eliminate expression of one or more herpes virus genes (e.g., one or more toxic herpes virus genes), such as one or both copies of the HSV ICP0 gene, one or both copies of the HSV ICP4 gene, the HSV ICP22 gene, the HSV UL41 gene, the HSV ICP27 gene, the HSV ICP47 gene, the HSV tk gene, the HSV UL55 gene, etc. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome (e.g., a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome) has been engineered to reduce cytotoxicity of the recombinant genome (e.g., when introduced into a target cell), as compared to a corresponding wild-type herpes virus genome (e.g., a wild-type herpes simplex virus genome). In some embodiments, the target cell is a human cell (primary cells or a cell line derived therefrom). In some embodiments, the target cell is a cell of the respiratory tract (primary cells or a cell line derived therefrom). In some embodiments, the target cell is an airway epithelial cell (primary cells or a cell line derived therefrom). In some embodiments, the target cell is a cell of the lung (primary cells or a cell line derived therefrom). In some embodiments, cytotoxicity (e.g., in a target cell) of the recombinant genome (e.g., a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome) is reduced by at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, or at least about 99% as compared to a corresponding wild-type herpes virus genome (e.g., measuring the relative cytotoxicity of a recombinant ΔICP4 (one or both copies) herpes simplex virus genome vs. a wild-type herpes simplex virus genome in a target cell; measuring the relative cytotoxicity of a recombinant ΔICP4 (one or both copies)/ΔICP22 herpes simplex virus genome vs. a wild-type herpes simplex virus genome in a target cell, etc.). In some embodiments, cytotoxicity (e.g., in a target cell) of the recombinant herpes genome (e.g., a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome) is reduced by at least about 1.5-fold, at least about 2-fold, at least about 3-fold, at least about 4-fold, at least about 5-fold, at least about 6-fold, at least about 7-fold, at least about 8-fold, at least about 9-fold, at least about 10-fold, at least about 15-fold, at least about 20-fold, at least about 25-fold, at least about 50-fold, at least about 75-fold, at least about 100-fold, at least about 250-fold, at least about 500-fold, at least about 750-fold, at least about 1000-fold, or more as compared to a corresponding wild-type herpes virus genome (e.g., measuring the relative cytotoxicity of a recombinant AICP4 (one or both copies) herpes simplex virus genome vs. a wild-type herpes simplex virus genome in a target cell; measuring the relative cytotoxicity of a recombinant AICP4 (one or both copies)/AICP22 herpes simplex virus genome vs. a wild-type herpes simplex virus genome in a target cell, etc.). Methods of measuring cytotoxicity are known to one of ordinary skill in the art, including, for example, through the use of vital dyes (formazan dyes), protease biomarkers, an MTT assay (or an assay using related tetrazolium salts such as XTT, MTS, water-soluble tetrazolium salts, etc.), measuring ATP content, etc. 
     In some embodiments, the recombinant genome (e.g., a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome) has been engineered to reduce its impact on target cell proliferation after exposure of a target cell to the recombinant genome, as compared to a corresponding wild-type genome (e.g., a wild-type herpes simplex virus genome). In some embodiments, the target cell is a human cell (primary cells or a cell line derived therefrom). In some embodiments, the target cell is a cell of the respiratory tract (primary cells or a cell line derived therefrom). In some embodiments, the target cell is an airway epithelial cell (primary cells or a cell line derived therefrom). In some embodiments, the target cell is a cell of the lung (primary cells or a cell line derived therefrom). In some embodiments, target cell proliferation after exposure to the recombinant genome is at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, or at least about 99% faster as compared to target cell proliferation after exposure to a corresponding wild-type genome (e.g., measuring the relative cellular proliferation after exposure to a recombinant ΔICP4 (one or both copies) herpes simplex virus genome vs. cellular proliferation after exposure to a wild-type herpes simplex virus genome in target cells; measuring the relative cellular proliferation after exposure to a recombinant ΔICP4 (one or both copies)/ΔICP22 herpes simplex virus genome vs. cellular proliferation after exposure to a wild-type herpes simplex virus genome in target cells, etc.). In some embodiments, target cell proliferation after exposure to the recombinant genome is at least about 1.5-fold, at least about 2-fold, at least about 3-fold, at least about 4-fold, at least about 5-fold, at least about 6-fold, at least about 7-fold, at least about 8-fold, at least about 9-fold, at least about 10-fold, at least about 15-fold, at least about 20-fold, at least about 25-fold, at least about 50-fold, at least about 75-fold, at least about 100-fold, at least about 250-fold, at least about 500-fold, at least about 750-fold, or at least about 1000-fold faster as compared to target cell proliferation after exposure to a corresponding wild-type genome (e.g., measuring the relative cellular proliferation after exposure to a recombinant ΔICP4 (one or both copies) herpes simplex virus genome vs. cellular proliferation after exposure to a wild-type herpes simplex virus genome in target cells; measuring the relative cellular proliferation after exposure to a recombinant ΔICP4 (one or both copies)/ΔICP22 herpes simplex virus genome vs. cellular proliferation after exposure to a wild-type herpes simplex virus genome in target cells, etc.). Methods of measuring cellular proliferation are known to one of ordinary skill in the art, including, for example, through the use of a Ki67 cell proliferation assay, a BrdU cell proliferation assay, etc. 
     A vector (e.g., herpes viral vector) may include one or more polynucleotides of the present disclosure in a form suitable for expression of the polynucleotide in a host cell. Vectors may include one or more regulatory sequences operatively linked to the polynucleotide to be expressed (e.g., as described above). 
     In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to one or more heterologous polynucleotides (e.g., a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)) comprising any of the recombinant nucleic acids described herein. 
     In some embodiments, a recombinant nucleic acid (e.g., a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome) of the present disclosure comprises one or more of the polynucleotides described herein inserted in any orientation in the recombinant nucleic acid. If the recombinant nucleic acid comprises two or more polynucleotides described herein (e.g., two or more, three or more, etc.), the polynucleotides may be inserted in the same orientation or opposite orientations to one another. Without wishing to be bound be theory, incorporating two polynucleotides (e.g., two transgenes) into a recombinant nucleic acid (e.g., a vector) in an antisense orientation may help to avoid read-through and ensure proper expression of each polynucleotide. 
     In some embodiments, a recombinant nucleic of the present disclosure does not comprise a polynucleotide encoding a Collagen alpha-1 (VII) chain polypeptide (COL7). In some embodiments, a recombinant nucleic of the present disclosure does not comprise a polynucleotide encoding a Lysyl hydroxylase 3 polypeptide (LH3). In some embodiments, a recombinant nucleic of the present disclosure does not comprise a polynucleotide encoding a Keratin type I cytoskeletal 17 polypeptide (KRT17). In some embodiments, a recombinant nucleic of the present disclosure does not comprise a polynucleotide encoding a transglutaminase (TGM) polypeptide (e.g., a human transglutaminase polypeptide such as a human TGM1 polypeptide and/or a human TGM5 polypeptide). In some embodiments, a recombinant nucleic of the present disclosure does not comprise a polynucleotide encoding a cosmetic protein (e.g., collagen proteins, fibronectins, elastins, lumicans, vitronectins/vitronectin receptors, laminins, neuromodulators, fibrillins, additional dermal extracellular matrix proteins, etc.). In some embodiments, a recombinant nucleic of the present disclosure does not comprise a polynucleotide encoding an antibody (e.g., a full-length antibody, an antibody fragment, etc.). In some embodiments, a recombinant nucleic of the present disclosure does not comprise a polynucleotide encoding a Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal-type (SPINK) polypeptide (e.g., a human SPINK polypeptide, such as a SPINK5 polypeptide). In some embodiments, a recombinant nucleic of the present disclosure does not comprise a polynucleotide encoding a filaggrin or filaggrin 2 polypeptide (e.g., a human filaggrin or filaggrin 2 polypeptide). In some embodiments, a recombinant nucleic of the present disclosure does not comprise a polynucleotide encoding a Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) polypeptide (e.g., a human CFTR polypeptide). In some embodiments, a recombinant nucleic of the present disclosure does not comprise a polynucleotide encoding an ichthyosis-associated polypeptide (e.g., an ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 12 polypeptide, a 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase ABHD5 polypeptide, an Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member A2 polypeptide, an Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase 12R-type polypeptide, a Hydroperoxide isomerase ALOXE3 polypeptide, an AP-1 complex subunit sigma-1A polypeptide, an Arylsulfatase E polypeptide, a Caspase-14 polypeptide, a Corneodesmosin polypeptide, a Ceramide synthase 3 polypeptide, a Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 8 polypeptide, a Claudin-1 polypeptide, a Cystatin-A polypeptide, a Cytochrome P450 4F22 polypeptide, a 3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase polypeptide, an Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 4 polypeptide, a Filaggrin polypeptide, a Filaggrin 2 polypeptide, a Gap junction beta-2 polypeptide, a Gap junction beta-3 polypeptide, a Gap junction beta-4 polypeptide, a Gap junction beta-6 polypeptide, a 3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase polypeptide, a Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1 polypeptide, a Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal polypeptide, a Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 9 polypeptide, a Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 10 polypeptide, a Lipase member N polypeptide, a Loricrin polypeptide, a Membrane-bound transcription factor site-2 protease polypeptide, a Magnesium transporter NIPA4 polypeptide, a Sterol-4-alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase, decarboxylating polypeptide, a Peroxisomal targeting signal 2 receptor polypeptide, a D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase polypeptide, a Phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase, peroxisomal polypeptide, Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 1 polypeptide, a Proteasome maturation protein polypeptide, a Phosphoserine aminotransferase polypeptide, a Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 9C member 7 polypeptide, a Serpin B8 polypeptide, a Long-chain fatty acid transport protein 4 polypeptide, a Synaptosomal-associated protein 29 polypeptide, a Suppressor of tumorigenicity 14 protein polypeptide, a Steryl-sulfatase polypeptide, a Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33B polypeptide, and a CAAX prenyl protease 1 homolog polypeptide). In some embodiments, a recombinant nucleic of the present disclosure does not comprise a polynucleotide encoding a Collagen alpha-1 (VII) chain polypeptide, a Lysyl hydroxylase 3 polypeptide, a Keratin type I cytoskeletal 17 polypeptide, and/or any chimeric polypeptides thereof. In some embodiments, a recombinant nucleic of the present disclosure does not comprise a polynucleotide encoding a Collagen alpha-1 (VII) chain polypeptide, a Lysyl hydroxylase 3 polypeptide, a Keratin type I cytoskeletal 17 polypeptide, a transglutaminase (TGM) polypeptide, a filaggrin polypeptide, a cosmetic protein, an antibody, a SPINK polypeptide, a CFTR polypeptide, an ichthyosis-associated polypeptide, and/or any chimeric polypeptides thereof. 
     IV. Viruses 
     Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to viruses comprising any of the polynucleotides and/or recombinant nucleic acids described herein. In some embodiments, the virus is capable of infecting one or more target cells of a subject (e.g., a human). In some embodiments, the virus is suitable for delivering the polynucleotides and/or recombinant nucleic acids into one or more target cells of a subject (e.g., a human). In some embodiments, the one or more target cells are human cells. In some embodiments, the one or more target cells are one or more cells comprising a genetic deficiency (e.g., a pathogenic variant and/or loss-of-function mutation) in an endogenous gene that encodes a mutant variant of the polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotide and/or recombinant genome (e.g., expression of the polypeptide from the polynucleotide and/or recombinant genome molecularly corrects the underlying protein deficiency). In some embodiments, the one or more target cells are one or more airway epithelial cells. In some embodiments, the one or more target cells are one or more cells of the respiratory tract (e.g., airway epithelial cells (such as goblet cells, ciliated cells, Clara cells, neuroendocrine cells, basal cells, intermediate or parabasal cells, Serous cells, brush cells, oncocytes, non-ciliated columnar cells, and/or metaplastic cells); alveolar cells (such as type 1 pneumocytes, type 2 pneumocytes, and/or cuboidal non-ciliated cells); salivary gland cells in bronchi (such as Serous cells, mucous cells, and/or ductal cells); etc.). In some embodiments, the one or more target cells are one or more cells of the lung. 
     Any suitable virus known in the art may be used, including, for example, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, retrovirus, lentivirus, sendai virus, papillomavirus, herpes virus (e.g., a herpes simplex virus), vaccinia virus, and/or any hybrid or derivative viruses thereof. In some embodiments, the virus is attenuated. In some embodiments, the virus is replication competent. In some embodiments, the virus is replication defective. In some embodiments, the virus has been modified to alter its tissue tropism relative to the tissue tropism of a corresponding unmodified, wild-type virus. In some embodiments, the virus has reduced cytotoxicity (e.g., in a target cell) as compared to a corresponding wild-type virus. Methods of producing a virus comprising recombinant nucleic acids are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art. 
     In some embodiments, the virus is a member of the Herpesviridae family of DNA viruses, including, for example, a herpes simplex virus, a varicella zoster virus, a human cytomegalovirus, a herpesvirus 6A, a herpesvirus 6B, a herpesvirus 7, an Epstein-Barr virus, and a Kaposi&#39;s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, etc. In some embodiments, the herpes virus is attenuated. In some embodiments, the herpes virus is replication defective. In some embodiments, the herpes virus is replication competent. In some embodiments, the herpes virus has been engineered to reduce or eliminate expression of one or more herpes virus genes (e.g., one or more toxic herpes virus genes). In some embodiments, the herpes virus has reduced cytotoxicity as compared to a corresponding wild-type herpes virus. In some embodiments, the herpes virus is not oncolytic. 
     In some embodiments, the virus is a herpes simplex virus. Herpes simplex viruses comprising recombinant nucleic acids may be produced by a process disclosed, for example, in WO2015/009952, WO2017/176336, WO2019/200163, and/or WO2019/210219. In some embodiments, the herpes simplex virus is attenuated. In some embodiments, the herpes simplex virus is replication defective. In some embodiments, the herpes simplex virus is replication competent. In some embodiments, the herpes simplex virus has been engineered to reduce or eliminate expression of one or more herpes simplex virus genes (e.g., one or more toxic herpes simplex virus genes). In some embodiments, the herpes simplex virus has reduced cytotoxicity as compared to a corresponding wild-type herpes simplex virus. In some embodiments, the herpes simplex virus is not oncolytic. In some embodiments, the herpes simplex virus is an HSV-1, an HSV-2, or any derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, the herpes simplex virus is an HSV-1 virus. In some embodiments, the HSV-1 is attenuated. In some embodiments, the HSV-1 is replication defective. In some embodiments, the HSV-1 is replication competent. In some embodiments, the HSV-1 has been engineered to reduce or eliminate expression of one or more HSV-1 genes (e.g., one or more toxic HSV-1 genes). In some embodiments, the HSV-1 has reduced cytotoxicity as compared to a corresponding wild-type HSV-1. In some embodiments, the HSV-1 is not oncolytic. 
     In some embodiments, the herpes simplex virus has been modified to alter its tissue tropism relative to the tissue tropism of an unmodified, wild-type herpes simplex virus. In some embodiments, the herpes simplex virus comprises a modified envelope. In some embodiments, the modified envelope comprises one or more (e.g., one or more, two or more, three or more, four or more, etc.) mutant herpes simplex virus glycoproteins. Examples of herpes simplex virus glycoproteins may include, but are not limited to, the glycoproteins gB, gC, gD, gH, and gL. In some embodiments, the modified envelope alters the herpes simplex virus tissue tropism relative to a wild-type herpes simplex virus. 
     In some embodiments, the transduction efficiency (in vitro and/or in vivo) of a virus of the present disclosure (e.g., a herpes virus such as a herpes simplex virus) for one or more target cells (e.g., one or more cells of the respiratory tract) is at least about 25%. For example, the transduction efficiency of the virus for one or more target cells may be at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or more. In some embodiments, the virus is a herpes simplex virus and the transduction efficiency of the virus for one or more target cells (e.g., one or more cells of the respiratory tract) is about 85% to about 100%. In some embodiments, the virus is a herpes simplex virus and the transduction efficiency of the virus for one or more target cells (e.g., one or more cells of the respiratory tract) is at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or 100%. Methods of measuring viral transduction efficiency in vitro or in vivo are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art, including, for example, qPCR analysis, deep sequencing, western blotting, fluorometric analysis (such as fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), fluorescent reporter gene expression, immunofluorescence, FACS), etc. 
     V. Pharmaceutical Compositions and Formulations 
     Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to pharmaceutical compositions or formulations comprising any of the recombinant nucleic acids (e.g., a recombinant herpes virus genome) and/or viruses (e.g., a herpes virus comprising a recombinant genome) described herein (such as a herpes simplex virus comprising a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome), and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier. 
     In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition or formulation comprises any one or more of the viruses (e.g., herpes viruses) described herein. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition or formulation comprises from about 10 4  to about 10 12  plaque forming units (PFU)/mL of the virus. For example, the pharmaceutical composition or formulation may comprise from about 10 4  to about 10 12 , about 10 5  to about 10 12 , about 10 6  to about 10 12 , about 10 7  to about 10 12 , about 10 8  to about 10 12 , about 10 9  to about 10 12 , about 10 10  to about 10 12 , about 10 11  to about 10 12 , about 10 4  to about 10 11 , about 10 5  to about 10 11 , about 10 6  to about 10 11 , about 10 7  to about 10 11 , about 10 8  to about 10 11 , about 10 9  to about 10 11 , about 10 10  to about 10 11 , about 10 4  to about 10 10 , about 10 5  to about 10 10 , about 10 6  to about 10 10 , about 10 7  to about 10 10 , about 10 8  to about 10 10 , about 10 9  to about 10 10 , about 10 4  to about 10 9 , about 10 5  to about 10 9 , about 10 6  to about 10 9 , about 10 7  to about 10 9 , about 10 8  to about 10 9 , about 10 4  to about 10 8 , about 10 5  to about 10 8 , about 10 6  to about 108, about 10 7  to about 10 8 , about 10 4  to about 10 7 , about 10 5  to about 10 7 , about 10 6  to about 10 7 , about 10 4  to about 10 6 , about 10 5  to about 10 6 , or about 10 4  to about 10 5  PFU/mL of the virus. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition or formulation comprises about 10 4 , about 10 5 , about 10 6 , about 10 7 , about 10 8 , about 10 9 , about 10 10 , about 10 11 , or about 10 12  PFU/mL of the virus. 
     Pharmaceutical compositions and formulations can be prepared by mixing the active ingredient(s) (such as a recombinant nucleic acid and/or a virus) having the desired degree of purity with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients are generally nontoxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and may include, but are not limited to: buffers (such as phosphate, citrate, acetate, and other organic acids); antioxidants (such as ascorbic acid and methionine); preservatives (such as octadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, phenol, butyl or benzyl alcohol, alkyl parabens, catechol, resorcinol, cyclohexanol, 3-pentanol, and m-cresol); amino acids (such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, histidine, arginine, or lysine); low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptides; proteins (such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins); polyols (such as glycerol, e.g., formulations including 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, etc. glycerol); hydrophilic polymers (such as polyvinylpyrrolidone); monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates (including glucose, mannose, or dextrins); chelating agents (such as EDTA); sugars (such as sucrose, mannitol, trehalose, or sorbitol); salt-forming counter-ions (such as sodium); metal complexes (such as Zn-protein complexes); and/or non-ionic surfactants (such as polyethylene glycol (PEG)). A thorough discussion of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers is available in REMINGTON&#39;S PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (Mack Pub. Co., N.J. 1991). 
     In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition or formulation comprises one or more lipid (e.g., cationic lipid) carriers. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition or formulation comprises one or more nanoparticle carriers. Nanoparticles are submicron (less than about 1000 nm) sized drug delivery vehicles that can carry encapsulated drugs (such as synthetic small molecules, proteins, peptides, cells, viruses, and nucleic acid-based biotherapeutics) for rapid or controlled release. A variety of molecules (e.g., proteins, peptides, recombinant nucleic acids, etc.) can be efficiently encapsulated in nanoparticles using processes well known in the art. In some embodiments, a molecule “encapsulated” in a nanoparticle may refer to a molecule (such as a virus) that is contained within the nanoparticle or attached to and/or associated with the surface of the nanoparticle, or any combination thereof. Nanoparticles for use in the compositions or formulations described herein may be any type of biocompatible nanoparticle known in the art, including, for example, nanoparticles comprising poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid), PLGA, PLA, PGA, and any combinations thereof (see e.g., Vauthier et al. Adv Drug Del Rev. (2003) 55: 519-48; US2007/0148074; US2007/0092575; US2006/0246139; U.S. Pat. No. 5,753,234; 7,081,483; and WO2006/052285). 
     In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient may be adapted for or suitable for any administration route known in the art, including, for example, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, cutaneous, oral, intranasal, intratracheal, sublingual, buccal, topical, transdermal, intradermal, intraperitoneal, intraorbital, intravitreal, subretinal, transmucosal, intraarticular, by implantation, by inhalation, intrathecal, intraventricular, and/or intranasal administration. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient is adapted for or suitable for oral, intranasal, intratracheal, and/or inhaled administration. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient is adapted for or suitable for intranasal and/or inhaled administration. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient is adapted for or suitable for inhaled administration. 
     In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition or formulation is adapted for or suitable for any administration route known in the art, including, for example, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, cutaneous, oral, intranasal, intratracheal, sublingual, buccal, topical, transdermal, intradermal, intraperitoneal, intraorbital, intravitreal, subretinal, transmucosal, intraarticular, by implantation, by inhalation, intrathecal, intraventricular, or intranasal administration. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition or formulation is adapted for or suitable for oral, intranasal, intratracheal, and/or inhaled administration. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition or formulation is adapted for or suitable for intranasal and/or inhaled administration. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition or formulation is adapted for or suitable for inhaled administration. 
     In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition or formulation further comprises one or more additional components. Examples of additional components may include, but are not limited to, binding agents (e.g., pregelatinized maize starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, etc.); fillers (e.g., lactose and other sugars, microcrystalline cellulose, pectin, gelatin, calcium sulfate, ethyl cellulose, polyacrylates or calcium hydrogen phosphate, etc.); lubricants (e.g., magnesium stearate, talc, silica, colloidal silicon dioxide, stearic acid, metallic stearates, hydrogenated vegetable oils, corn starch, polyethylene glycols, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, etc.); disintegrants (e.g., starch, sodium starch glycolate, etc.); wetting agents (e.g., sodium lauryl sulphate, etc.); salt solutions; alcohols; polyethylene glycols; gelatin; lactose; amylase; magnesium stearate; talc; silicic acid; viscous paraffin; hydroxymethylcellulose; polyvinylpyrrolidone; sweetenings; flavorings; perfuming agents; colorants; moisturizers; sunscreens; antibacterial agents; agents able to stabilize polynucleotides or prevent their degradation, and the like. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition or formulation comprises a methylcellulose gel (e.g., hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, carboxy methylcellulose, etc.). In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition or formulation comprises a phosphate buffer. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition or formulation comprises glycerol (e.g., at about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, etc.). In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition or formulation comprises a phosphate buffer and glycerol. 
     Pharmaceutical compositions and formulations to be used for in vivo administration are generally sterile. Sterility may be readily accomplished, e.g., by filtration through sterile filtration membranes. 
     In some embodiments, any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein may be used to deliver one or more polynucleotides encoding a polypeptide (e.g., an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide such as an alpha-1-antitrypsin polypeptide) into one or more cells of a subject (e.g., one or more cells of the respiratory tract of the subject). In some embodiments, the subject suffers from a disease affecting the airways and/or lungs. In some embodiments, any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein may be used in the treatment of a disease or condition (e.g., one affecting the airways and/or lungs, such as alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, congenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and/or pulmonary fibrosis) that would benefit from the expression of the encoded polypeptide. In some embodiments, any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein may be used in the prevention or treatment of progressive lung destruction. In some embodiments, any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein may be used in the treatment of an acute or chronic lung disease. In some embodiments, any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein may be used in the treatment of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. In some embodiments, any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein may be used in the treatment of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. In some embodiments, any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein may be used in the treatment of primary ciliary dyskinesia. In some embodiments, any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein may be used in the treatment of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. In some embodiments, any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein may be used in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. In some embodiments, any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein may be used in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. 
     In some embodiments, any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein may be used in the preparation of a medicament useful for delivering one or more polynucleotides encoding a polypeptide (e.g., an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide such as an alpha-1-antitrypsin polypeptide) into one or more cells of a subject (e.g., one or more cells of the respiratory tract of the subject). In some embodiments, the subject suffers from a disease affecting the airways and/or lungs. In some embodiments, any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein may be used in the preparation of a medicament useful for the treatment of a disease or condition (e.g., one affecting the airways and/or lungs, such as alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, congenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and/or pulmonary fibrosis) that would benefit from the expression of the encoded polypeptide. In some embodiments, any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein may be used in the preparation of a medicament useful in the prevention or treatment of progressive lung destruction. In some embodiments, any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein may be used in the preparation of a medicament useful in the treatment of an acute or chronic lung disease. In some embodiments, any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein may be used in the preparation of a medicament useful in the treatment of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. In some embodiments, any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein may be used in the preparation of a medicament useful in the treatment of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. In some embodiments, any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein may be used in the preparation of a medicament useful in the treatment of primary ciliary dyskinesia. In some embodiments, any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein may be used in the preparation of a medicament useful in the treatment of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. In some embodiments, any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein may be used in the preparation of a medicament useful in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. In some embodiments, any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein may be used in the preparation of a medicament useful in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. 
     VI. Methods 
     Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method of delivering a polypeptide to one or more cells of the respiratory tract (e.g., airway epithelial cells (such as goblet cells, ciliated cells, Clara cells, neuroendocrine cells, basal cells, intermediate or parabasal cells, Serous cells, brush cells, oncocytes, non-ciliated columnar cells, and/or metaplastic cells); alveolar cells (such as type 1 pneumocytes, type 2 pneumocytes, and/or cuboidal non-ciliated cells); salivary gland cells in bronchi (such as Serous cells, mucous cells, and/or ductal cells); etc.) of a subject comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising (a) any of the viruses described herein (e.g., a herpes simplex virus, such as an HSV-1) comprising any of the recombinant nucleic acids described herein (e.g., a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome, such as a recombinant HSV-1 genome) comprising one or more polynucleotides encoding the polypeptide, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is administered orally, intranasally, intratracheally, or via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is administered intranasally or via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is administered via inhalation to the subject. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered using a dry powder inhaler, a pressurized metered dose inhaler, a soft mist inhaler, a nebulizer, or an electrohydrodynamic aerosol device. In some embodiments, the herpes virus or pharmaceutical composition is administered using a nebulizer. In some embodiments, the nebulizer is a vibrating mesh nebulizer. 
     In some embodiments, the herpes virus (e.g., the herpes simplex virus) is replication competent. In some embodiments, the herpes virus (e.g., the herpes simplex virus) is replication defective. In some embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from a disease affecting the airways and/or lungs. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from one or more of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, congenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and pulmonary fibrosis. In some embodiments, the subject does not suffer from cystic fibrosis and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In some embodiments, the subject suffers from alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from primary ciliary dyskinesia. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from pulmonary arterial hypertension. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from pulmonary fibrosis. In some embodiments, the polypeptide is any of the polypeptides described herein. In some embodiments, the herpes virus is any of the herpes viruses described herein. In some embodiments, the recombinant herpes virus genome is any of the recombinant nucleic acids described herein. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to expressing, enhancing, increasing, augmenting, and/or supplementing the levels of a polypeptide (e.g., an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide) in one or more cells of a subject comprising administering to the subject any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein. In some embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from a disease affecting the airways and/or lungs. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from an acute and/or chronic lung disease. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from one or more of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, congenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and pulmonary fibrosis. In some embodiments, the subject does not suffer from cystic fibrosis and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 
     In some embodiments, administration of the recombinant nucleic acid, virus, medicament, and/or pharmaceutical composition or formulation to the subject increases the polypeptide (e.g., the inhaled therapeutic polypeptide) levels (transcript or protein levels) by at least about 2-fold in one or more contacted or treated cells of the subject, as compared to the endogenous levels of the polypeptide in one or more corresponding untreated cells in the subject. For example, administration of the recombinant nucleic acid, virus, medicament, and/or pharmaceutical composition or formulation may increase the polypeptide (e.g., the inhaled therapeutic polypeptide) levels (transcript or protein levels) by at least about 2-fold, at least about 3-fold, at least about 4-fold, at least about 5-fold, at least about 6-fold, at least about 7-fold, at least about 8-fold, at least about 9-fold, at least about 10-fold, at least about 15-fold, at least about 20-fold, at least about 25-fold, at least about 50-fold, at least about 75-fold, at least about 100-fold, at least about 250-fold, at least about 500-fold, at least about 750-fold, at least about 1000-fold, or more in one or more contacted or treated cells of the subject, as compared to the endogenous levels of the polypeptide in one or more corresponding untreated cells in the subject. In some embodiments, the one or more contacted or treated cells are one or more cells of the respiratory tract (e.g., one or more cells of the airway epithelia). Methods of measuring transcript or protein levels from a sample are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art, including, for example, qPCR, western blot, mass spectrometry, etc. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method of improving a measure of at least one respiratory volume in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein. In some embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from a disease affecting the airways and/or lungs. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from an acute and/or chronic lung disease. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from one or more of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, congenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and pulmonary fibrosis. In some embodiments, the subject does not suffer from cystic fibrosis and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 
     In some embodiments, administration of the recombinant nucleic acid, virus, medicament, and/or pharmaceutical composition or formulation to the subject improves a measure of at least one respiratory volume by at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 99% or more as compared to at least one reference respiratory volume measured in the subject prior to treatment. Examples of suitable respiratory volumes that may be measured include, for example: Total Lung Capacity (TLC), the volume in the lungs at maximal inflation; Tidal Volume (TV), the volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during quiet breathing; Residual Volume (RV), the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation; Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV), the maximal volume of air that can be exhaled (above tidal volume) during a forceful breath out; Inspiratory Reserve Volume (ERV), the maximal volume of air that can be inhaled from the end-inspiratory position; Inspiratory Capacity (IC), the sum of IRV and TV; Inspiratory vital capacity (IVC), the maximum volume of air inhaled form the point of maximum expiration; Vital Capacity (VC), the volume of air breathed our after the deepest inhalation; Functional Residual Capacity (FRC), the volume in the lungs at the end-expiratory position; Forced vital capacity (FVC), the determination of the vital capacity from a maximally forced expiratory effort; Forced Expiratory Volume (time) (FEVt), the volume of air exhaled under forced conditions in the first t seconds; Forced Inspiratory Flow (FIF), a specific measurement of the forced inspiratory curve; Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), the highest forced expiratory flow measured with a peak flow meter; Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV), the volume of air expired in a specific period during repetitive maximal effort; etc. Methods of measuring respiratory volumes are generally known to one of ordinary skill in the art. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method of reducing, preventing, or treating chronic inflammation of the lungs of a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein. In some embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from a disease affecting the airways and/or lungs. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from an acute and/or chronic lung disease. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from one or more of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, congenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and pulmonary fibrosis. In some embodiments, the subject does not suffer from cystic fibrosis and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods of measuring lung inflammation, including improvements thereto, are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art, including, for example, by measuring exhaled nitric oxide, determining the percentage of eosinophils in the sputum and/or blood, etc. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method of reducing, inhibiting, or treating progressive lung destruction in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein. In some embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from a disease affecting the airways and/or lungs. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from an acute and/or chronic lung disease. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from one or more of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, congenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and pulmonary fibrosis. In some embodiments, the subject does not suffer from cystic fibrosis and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods of measuring lung destruction are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art, including, for example, by the methods described by Saetta et al. (Am Rev Respir Dis. 1985 May;131(5):764-9). 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method of providing prophylactic, palliative, or therapeutic relief to one or more signs or symptoms of a disease affecting the airways and/or lungs in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein. In some embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from an acute and/or chronic lung disease. In some embodiments, the subject suffers from one or more of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, congenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and pulmonary fibrosis. In some embodiments, the subject does not suffer from cystic fibrosis and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method of providing prophylactic, palliative, or therapeutic relief to one or more signs or symptoms of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein. In some embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments, the subject&#39;s genome comprises a pathogenic variant and/or loss-of-function mutation in a SERPINA gene (one or both copies). In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acid (e.g., the recombinant herpes virus genome) comprises one or more polynucleotides encoding an Alpha-1-antitrypsin polypeptide. In some embodiments, administration of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations affects a measurable improvement in or prevention of one or more signs or symptoms of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. 
     Signs and symptoms of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency may include, without limitation: shortness of breath (particularly during exercise); wheezing and/or a whistling sound while breathing; increased susceptibility to lung infections; tiredness; rapid heartbeat when standing up; weight loss; a chronic cough (often with blood); emphysema (commonly of the panacinar type); and increased phlegm production. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method of providing prophylactic, palliative, or therapeutic relief to one or more signs or symptoms of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein. In some embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments, the subject&#39;s genome comprises a pathogenic variant and/or loss-of-function mutation in a SLC34A2 gene (one or both copies). In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acid (e.g., the recombinant herpes virus genome) comprises one or more polynucleotides encoding a Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2B polypeptide. In some embodiments, administration of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations affects a measurable improvement in or prevention of one or more signs or symptoms of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. 
     Signs and symptoms of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis may include, without limitation: shortness of breath; a dry cough (sporadically containing blood); chest pain; asthenia; and pneumothoraces. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method of providing prophylactic, palliative, or therapeutic relief to one or more signs or symptoms of primary ciliary dyskinesia in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein. In some embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments, the subject&#39;s genome comprises a pathogenic variant and/or loss-of-function mutation in one or more genes selected from DNAH5, DNAH11, CCDC39, DNAI1, CCDC40, CCDC103, SPAG1, ZMYND10, ARMC4, CCDC151, DNAI2, RSPH1, CCDC114, RSPH4A, DNAAF1, DNAAF2, and LRRC6 (one or both copies). In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acid (e.g., the recombinant herpes virus genome) comprises one or more polynucleotides encoding a Dynein heavy chain 5 axonemal polypeptide, a Dynein heavy chain 11 axonemal polypeptide, a Coil-coil domain-containing protein 39 polypeptide, a Dynein intermediate chain 1 axonemal polypeptide, a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 40 polypeptide, a Coiled-coil domain containing protein 103 polypeptide, a Sperm-associated antigen 1 polypeptide, a Zinc finger MYND domain-containing protein 10 polypeptide, an Armadillo repeat containing protein 4 polypeptide, a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 151 polypeptide, a Dynein intermediate chain 2 axonemal polypeptide, a Radial spoke head 1 homolog polypeptide, a Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 114 polypeptide, a Radial spoke head protein 4 homolog polypeptide, a Dynein assembly factor 1 axonemal polypeptide, a Dynein assembly factor 2 axonemal polypeptide, and/or a Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 6 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the subject&#39;s genome comprises a pathogenic variant and/or loss-of-function mutation in one or more genes associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia, and the subject is treated with a recombinant nucleic acid comprising one or more polynucleotides encoding a wild-type and/or functional variant of the corresponding polypeptide (e.g., the subject&#39;s genome comprises a pathogenic variant and/or loss-of-function mutation in a DNAH5 gene (one or both copies), and the subject is administered a virus, medicament, and/or pharmaceutical composition or formulation comprising a recombinant nucleic acid comprising one or more polynucleotides encoding a Dynein heavy chain 5 axonemal polypeptide, etc.). In some embodiments, administration of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations affects a measurable improvement in or prevention of one or more signs or symptoms of primary ciliary dyskinesia. 
     Signs and symptoms of primary ciliary dyskinesia may include, without limitation: chronic infections of the sinuses, ears, and/or lungs; chronic nasal congestion; a runny nose with mucus and pus discharge; hearing loss; respiratory distress (particularly in newborns); a chronic cough; recurrent pneumonia; chronic sinusitis; bronchiectasis; and collapse of part or all of a lung. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method of providing prophylactic, palliative, or therapeutic relief to one or more signs or symptoms of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein. In some embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments, the subject&#39;s genome comprises a pathogenic variant and/or loss-of-function mutation in one or more genes selected from SFTPB, SFTPC, NKX2-1, ABCA3, CSF2RB, and/or CSF2RA (one or both copies). In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acid (e.g., the recombinant herpes virus genome) comprises one or more polynucleotides encoding a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B polypeptide, a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein C polypeptide, a Homeobox protein Nkx-2.1 polypeptide, an ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 3 polypeptide, a Cytokine receptor common subunit beta polypeptide, and/or a Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor subunit alpha polypeptide. In some embodiments, the subject&#39;s genome comprises a pathogenic variant and/or loss-of-function mutation in one or more genes associated with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, and the subject is treated with a recombinant nucleic acid comprising one or more polynucleotides encoding a wild-type and/or functional variant of the corresponding polypeptide (e.g., the subject&#39;s genome comprises a pathogenic variant and/or loss-of-function mutation in a SFTPB gene (one or both copies), and the subject is administered a virus, medicament, and/or pharmaceutical composition or formulation comprising a recombinant nucleic acid comprising one or more polynucleotides encoding a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B polypeptide, etc.). In some embodiments, administration of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations affects a measurable improvement in or prevention of one or more signs or symptoms of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. 
     Signs and symptoms of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis may include, without limitation: difficulty breathing; coughing, occasionally with mucus or blood; a blue-tinged facial color; general fatigue; a low-grade fever; weight loss; chest pain or tightness; low levels of oxygen in the blood; and nail clubbing. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method of providing prophylactic, palliative, or therapeutic relief to one or more signs or symptoms of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein. In some embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments, the subject&#39;s genome comprises a pathogenic variant and/or loss-of-function mutation in one or more genes selected from BMPR2, ATP2A2, ACVRL1, ENG, SMAD9, CAV1, KCNK3, and/or EIF2AK4 (one or both copies). In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acid (e.g., the recombinant herpes virus genome) comprises one or more polynucleotides encoding a Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 polypeptide, a Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 polypeptide, a serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R3 polypeptide, an Endoglin polypeptide, a Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9 polypeptide, a Caveolin-1 polypeptide, a Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 polypeptide, and/or an eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the subject&#39;s genome comprises a pathogenic variant and/or loss-of-function mutation in one or more genes associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension, and the subject is treated with a recombinant nucleic acid comprising one or more polynucleotides encoding a wild-type and/or functional variant of the corresponding polypeptide (e.g., the subject&#39;s genome comprises a pathogenic variant and/or loss-of-function mutation in a BMPR2 gene (one or both copies), and the subject is administered a virus, medicament, and/or pharmaceutical composition or formulation comprising a recombinant nucleic acid comprising one or more polynucleotides encoding a Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 polypeptide, etc.). In some embodiments, administration of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations affects a measurable improvement in or prevention of one or more signs or symptoms of pulmonary arterial hypertension. 
     Signs and symptoms of pulmonary arterial hypertension may include, without limitation: shortness of breath, initially while exercising and eventually while at rest; fatigue; dizziness or fainting spells; chest pressure or pain; swelling in the ankles, legs, and/or abdomen; bluish color to the lips and skin; and a racing pulse or heart palpitations. 
     Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method of providing prophylactic, palliative, or therapeutic relief to one or more signs or symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein. In some embodiments, the subject is a human. In some embodiments, the subject&#39;s genome comprises a pathogenic variant and/or loss-of-function mutation in one or more genes selected from SFTPC, ABCA3, SFTPA2, TERT, TERC, DKC1, RTEL, PARN, TINF2, NAF1,MUC5B, DSP, STN1, and/or DPP9 (one or both copies). In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acid (e.g., the recombinant herpes virus genome) comprises one or more polynucleotides encoding a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein C polypeptide, an ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 3 polypeptide, a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A2 polypeptide, a Telomerase reverse transcriptase polypeptide, a Dyskerin polypeptide, a Regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 polypeptide, a Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease PARN polypeptide, a TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2 polypeptide, an H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex non-core subunit NAF1 polypeptide, a Mucin-5B polypeptide, a Desmoplakin polypeptide, a CST complex subunit STN1 polypeptide, and/or a Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 polypeptide. In some embodiments, the subject&#39;s genome comprises a pathogenic variant and/or loss-of-function mutation in one or more genes associated with pulmonary fibrosis, and the subject is treated with a recombinant nucleic acid comprising one or more polynucleotides encoding a wild-type and/or functional variant of the corresponding polypeptide (e.g., the subject&#39;s genome comprises a pathogenic variant and/or loss-of-function mutation in a SFTPC gene (one or both copies), and the subject is administered a virus, medicament, and/or pharmaceutical composition or formulation comprising a recombinant nucleic acid comprising one or more polynucleotides encoding a Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein C polypeptide, etc.). In some embodiments, administration of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations affects a measurable improvement in or prevention of one or more signs or symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis. 
     Signs and symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis may include, without limitation: shortness of breath, particularly while exercising; a dry, hacking cough; fast, shallow breathing; gradual unintended weight loss; tiredness; aching joints and muscles; leg swelling; and clubbing of the tips of the fingers or toes. 
     The recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein may be administered by any suitable method or route known in the art, including, without limitation, orally, intranasally, intratracheally, sublingually, buccally, topically, rectally, via inhalation, transdermally, subcutaneously, intradermally, intravenously, intraarterially, intramuscularly, intracardially, intraosseously, intraperitoneally, transmucosally, vaginally, intravitreally, intraorbitally, subretinally, intraarticularly, peri-articularly, locally, epicutaneously, or any combinations thereof. The present disclosure thus encompasses methods of delivering any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein to an individual (e.g., an individual having, or at risk of developing, a disease affecting the airways and/or lungs). In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein are administered orally, intranasally, intratracheally, and/or via inhalation. In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein are administered intranasally or via inhalation. In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein are administered via inhalation. In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein are administered using a dry powder inhaler, a pressurized metered dose inhaler, a soft mist inhaler, a nebulizer, or an electrohydrodynamic aerosol device. In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein are administered using a nebulizer. In some embodiments, the nebulizer is a vibrating mesh nebulizer. 
     Methods of delivering drugs to the airways and/or lungs via oral, intranasal, intratracheal, and or inhaled routes of administration are generally known to one of ordinary skill in the art (see e.g., Gardenhire et al. A Guide to Aerosol Delivery Devices for Respiratory Therapists, 4 th  Edition, American Association for Respiratory care, 2017; Patil et al. Pulmonary Drug Delivery Strategies: A Concise, Systematic Review, Lung India. 2012. 29(1):44-9; Marx et al. Intranasal Drug Administration—An Attractive Delivery Route for Some Drugs, 2015). 
     In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or compositions or formulations are delivered to the lungs by inhalation of an aerosolized formulation. Inhalation may occur through the nose and/or the mouth of the subject. Exemplary devices for delivering the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations to the lung may include, without limitation, dry powder inhalers, pressurized metered dose inhalers, soft mist inhalers, nebulizers, (e.g., jet nebulizers, ultrasonic nebulizers, vibrating mesh nebulizers), colliding jets, extruded jets, surface wave microfluidic atomization, capillary aerosol generation, electrohydrodynamic aerosol devices, etc. (see e.g., Carvalho and McConville. The function and performance of aqueous devices for inhalation therapy. (2016) Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology). 
     Liquid formulations may be administered to the lungs of a subject, e.g., using a pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI). pMDIs generally include at least two components: a canister in which the liquid formulation is held under pressure in combination with one or more propellants, and a receptacle used to hold and actuate the canister. The canister may contain a single dose or multiple doses of the formulation. The canister may include a valve, typically a metering valve, from which the contents of the canister may be discharged. Aerosolized drug is dispensed from the pMDI by applying a force on the canister to push it into the receptacle, thereby opening the valve and causing the drug particles to be conveyed from the valve through the receptacle outlet. Upon discharge from the canister, the liquid formulation is atomized, forming an aerosol. pMDIs typically employ one or more propellants to pressurize the contents of the canister and to propel the liquid formulation out of the receptacle outlet, forming an aerosol. Any suitable propellants may be utilized, and may take a variety of forms, including, for example, a compressed gas or a liquified gas. 
     Liquid formulations may be administered to the lungs of a subject, e.g., using a nebulizer. Nebulizers are liquid aerosol generators that convert the liquid formulation into mists or clouds of small droplets, often having diameters less than about 5 microns mass median aerodynamic diameter, which can be inhaled into the lower respiratory tract. The droplets carry the active agent(s) into the nose, upper airways, and/or deep lungs when the aerosol cloud is inhaled. Any type of nebulizer known in the art may be used to administer the formulation to a patient, including, without limitation, pneumatic (jet) nebulizers, electromechanical nebulizers (e.g., ultrasonic nebulizers, vibrating mesh nebulizers), etc. Pneumatic (jet) nebulizers use a pressurized gas supply as a driving force for atomization of the liquid formulation. Compressed gas is delivered through a nozzle or jet to create a low-pressure field which entrains a surrounding liquid formulation and shears it into a thin film or filaments. The film or filaments are unstable and break up into small droplets that are carried by the compressed gas flow into the inspiratory breath. Baffles inserted into the droplet plume screen out the larger droplets and return them to the bulk liquid reservoir. Electromechanical nebulizers use electrically generated mechanical force to atomize liquid formulations. The electromechanical driving force can be applied, for example, by vibrating the liquid formulation at ultrasonic frequencies, or by forcing the bulk liquid through small holes in a thin film. The forces generate thin liquid films or filament streams which break up into small droplets to form a slow-moving aerosol stream which can be entrained in an inspiratory flow. In some embodiments, the nebulizer is a vibrating mesh nebulizer. Examples of vibrating mesh nebulizers include, for example, the Phillips InnoSpire, the Aerogen Solo, the PARI eFlow, etc. 
     Liquid formulations may be administered to the lungs of a subject, e.g., using an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) aerosol device. EHD aerosol devices use electrical energy to aerosolize liquid drug solutions or suspensions. 
     Dry powder formulations may be administered to the lungs of a subject, e.g., using a dry powder inhaler (DPI). DPIs typically use a mechanism such as a burst of gas to create a cloud of dry powder inside a container, which can then be inhaled by the subject. In a DPI, the dose to be administered is stored in the form of a non-pressurized dry powder and, upon actuation of the inhaler, the particles of the powder are inhaled by the subject. In some cases, a compressed gas may be used to dispense the powder, similar to pMDIs. In some cases, the DPI may be breath actuated (an aerosol is created in precise response to inspiration). Typically, dry powder inhalers administer a dose of less than a few tens of milligrams per inhalation to avoid provocation of cough. Examples of DPIs include, for example, the Turbohaler® inhaler (AstraZeneca), the Clickhaler® inhaler (Innovata), the Diskus® inhaler (Glaxo), the EasyHaler® (Orion), the Exubera® inhaler (Pfizer), etc. 
     In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations are administered once to the subject. In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions are administered at least twice (e.g., at least 2 times, at least 3 times, at least 4 times, at least 5 times, at least 10 times, etc.) to the subject. In some embodiments, at least about 1 hour (e.g., at least about 1 hour, at least about 6 hours, at least about 12 hours, at least about 18 hours, at least about 1 day, at least about 2 days, at least about 3 days, at least about 4 days, at least about 5 days, at least about 6 days, at least about 7 days, at least about 15 days, at least about 20 days, at least about 30 days, at least about 40 days, at least about 50 days, at least about 60 days, at least about 70 days, at least about 80 days, at least about 90 days, at least about 100 days, at least about 120 days, etc.) pass between administrations (e.g., between the first and second administrations, between the second and third administrations, etc.). In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations are administered one, two, three, four, five or more times per day to the subject. In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations are administered one, two, three, four, five or more times per month to the subject. 
     VII. Host Cells 
     Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to one or more host cells comprising any of the recombinant nucleic acids described herein. Any suitable host cell (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) known in the art may be used, including, for example: prokaryotic cells including eubacteria, such as Gram-negative or Gram-positive organisms, for example Enterobacteriaceae such as  Escherichia  (e.g.,  E. coli ),  Enterobacter, Erminia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella  (e.g.,  S. typhimurium ),  Serratia  (e.g.,  S. marcescans ), and  Shigella,  as well as  Bacilli  such as  B. subtilis  and  B. licheniformis;  fungal cells (e.g.,  S. cerevisiae ); insect cells (e.g., S2 cells, etc.); and mammalian cells, including monkey kidney CV1 line transformed by SV40 (COS-7, ATCC CRL 1651), human embryonic kidney line (293 or 293 cells subcloned for growth in suspension culture), baby hamster kidney cells (BHK, ATCC CCL 10), mouse Sertoli cells (TM4), monkey kidney cells (CV1 ATCC CCL 70), African green monkey kidney cells (VERO-76, ATCC CRL-1587), human cervical carcinoma cells (HELA, ATCC CCL 2), canine kidney cells (MDCK, ATCC CCL 34), buffalo rat liver cells (BRL 3A, ATCC CRL 1442), human lung cells (W138, ATCC CCL 75), human liver cells (Hep G2, HB 8065), mouse mammary tumor (MMT 060562, ATCC CCL51), TRI cells, MRC 5 cells, FS4 cells, human hepatoma line (Hep G2), Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, including DHFR″ CHO cells, and myeloma cell lines such as NSO and Sp2/0. In some embodiments, the host cell is a human or non-human primate cell. In some embodiments, the host cells are cells from a cell line. Examples of suitable host cells or cell lines may include, but are not limited to, 293, HeLa, SH-Sy5y, Hep G2, CACO-2, A549, L929, 3T3, K562, CHO-K1, MDCK, HUVEC, Vero, N20, COS-7, PSN1, VCaP, CHO cells, and the like. 
     In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acid is a herpes simplex viral vector. In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acid is a herpes simplex virus amplicon. In some embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acid is an HSV-1 amplicon or HSV-1 hybrid amplicon. In some embodiments, a host cell comprising a helper virus is contacted with an HSV-1 amplicon or HSV-1 hybrid amplicon described herein, resulting in the production of a virus comprising one or more recombinant nucleic acids described herein. In some embodiments, the virus is collected from the supernatant of the contacted host cell. Methods of generating virus by contacting host cells comprising a helper virus with an HSV-1 amplicon or HSV-1 hybrid amplicon are known in the art. 
     In some embodiments, the host cell is a complementing host cell. In some embodiments, the complementing host cell expresses one or more genes that are inactivated in any of the viral vectors described herein. In some embodiments, the complementing host cell is contacted with a recombinant herpes virus genome (e.g., a recombinant herpes simplex virus genome) described herein. In some embodiments, contacting a complementing host cell with a recombinant herpes virus genome results in the production of a herpes virus comprising one or more recombinant nucleic acids described herein. In some embodiments, the virus is collected from the supernatant of the contacted host cell. Methods of generating virus by contacting complementing host cells with a recombinant herpes simplex virus are generally described in WO2015/009952, WO2017/176336, WO2019/200163, and/or WO2019/210219. 
     VIII. Articles of Manufacture or Kits 
     Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to an article of manufacture or a kit comprising any of the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations described herein. In some embodiments, the article of manufacture or kit comprises a package insert comprising instructions for administering the recombinant nucleic acid, virus, medicament, and/or pharmaceutical composition or formulation. 
     Suitable containers for the recombinant nucleic acids, viruses, medicaments, and/or pharmaceutical compositions or formulations may include, for example, bottles, vials, bags, tubes, and syringes. The container may be formed from a variety of materials such as glass, plastic (such as polyvinyl chloride or polyolefin), or metal alloy (such as stainless steel or hastelloy). In some embodiments, the container comprises a label on, or associated with the container, wherein the label indicates directions for use. The article of manufacture or kit may further include other materials desirable from a commercial and user standpoint, including other buffers, diluents, filters, inhalers, nebulizers, intranasal administration devices, a package insert, and the like. 
     The specification is considered to be sufficient to enable one skilled in the art to practice the present disclosure. Various modifications of the present disclosure in addition to those shown and described herein will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description and fall within the scope of the appended claims. 
     EXAMPLES 
     The present disclosure will be more fully understood by reference to the following examples. It should not, however, be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. It is understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and that various modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art, and are to be included within the spirit and purview of this application and scope of the appended claims. 
     Example 1 
     Modified Herpes Simplex Virus Vectors Encoding an Inhaled Therapeutic Polypeptide 
     To make modified herpes simplex virus genome vectors capable of expressing inhaled therapeutic polypeptides in a target mammalian cell (such as cells of the respiratory tract), a herpes simplex virus genome ( FIG. 1A ) is first modified to inactivate one or more herpes simplex virus genes. Such modifications may decrease the toxicity of the genome in mammalian cells. Next, variants of these modified/attenuated recombinant viral constructs are generated such that they carry one or more polynucleotides encoding the desired inhaled therapeutic polypeptide. These variants include: 1) a recombinant ΔICP4-modified HSV-1 genome comprising expression cassettes containing the coding sequence of an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 3) under the control of a heterologous promoter integrated at each ICP4 locus ( FIG. 1B ); 2) a recombinant ΔICP4/ΔUL41-modified HSV-1 genome comprising expression cassettes containing the coding sequence of an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 3) under the control of a heterologous promoter integrated at each ICP4 locus ( FIG. 1C ); 3) a recombinant ΔICP4/ΔUL41-modified HSV-1 genome comprising an expression cassette containing the coding sequence of an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 3) under the control of a heterologous promoter integrated at the UL41 locus ( FIG. 1D ); 4) a recombinant ΔICP4/ΔICP22-modified HSV-1 genome comprising expression cassettes containing the coding sequence of an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 3) under the control of a heterologous promoter integrated at each ICP4 locus ( FIG. 1E ); 5) a recombinant ΔICP4/ΔICP22-modified HSV-1 genome comprising an expression cassette containing the coding sequence of an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 3) under the control of a heterologous promoter integrated at the ICP22 locus ( FIG. 1F ); 6) a recombinant ΔICP4/ΔUL41/ΔICP22-modified HSV-1 genome comprising expression cassettes containing the coding sequence of an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 3) under the control of a heterologous promoter integrated at each ICP4 locus ( FIG. 1G ); 7) a recombinant ΔICP4/ΔUL41/ΔICP22-modified HSV-1 genome comprising an expression cassette containing the coding sequence of an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 3) under the control of a heterologous promoter integrated at the UL41 locus ( FIG. 1H ); and  8 ) a recombinant ΔICP4/ΔUL41/ΔICP22-modified HSV-1 genome comprising an expression cassette containing the coding sequence of an inhaled therapeutic polypeptide (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 3) under the control of a heterologous promoter integrated at the ICP22 locus ( FIG. 1I ) 
     These modified herpes simplex virus genome vectors are transfected into engineered cells that are modified to express one or more herpes simplex virus genes. These engineered cells secrete into the supernatant of the cell culture a replication defective herpes simplex virus with the modified genomes packaged therein. The supernatant is then collected, concentrated, and sterile filtered through a 5 μm filter. 
     Example 2 
     In Vivo Administration of a Modified Herpes Simplex Virus Vector to the Airways of Wild-Type and Mutant Animals 
     An in vivo experiment was conducted in eight C57BL/6 mice (“wild-type”) and four gut-corrected CFTR-deficient Cftr tm1Unc Tg(FABPCFTR)1 Jaw/J mice (“CFTR −/− ”) to determine whether a modified herpes simplex virus vector (“HSV-CFTR”, an engineered HSV-1 encoding human CFTR) was both amendable to non-invasive inhaled administration and capable of transducing tissues throughout the airways of dosed animals. Four wild-type and four CFTR −/−  mice were administered HSV-CFTR in parallel using a clinically approved nebulizer. Four wild-type mice were separately dosed with vehicle control using this same inhalation apparatus. Cage-side and clinical observations performed throughout the experiment identified no differences between HSV-CFTR and vehicle treated animals. No differences in bodyweights were noted between groups. 48 hours after nebulization, animals were euthanized, and the following tissue samples were separately harvested throughout the airways of each animal: trachea (upper and lower), bronchus (left and right), right lung (cranial, middle, caudal, and accessory lobes), and left lung. Tissues destined for qPCR/qRT-PCR analysis (2 animals/group) were flash frozen in liquid nitrogen; tissues destined for histology (2 animals/group) were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. No macroscopic observations were noted for any treated animals during necropsy. 
     Biopsies harvested from the airways of HSV-CFTR-exposed animals revealed detectable levels of human CFTR DNA via qPCR analysis, with the majority of the vector being disseminated relatively evenly to the right and left lungs ( FIG. 2A ). Surprisingly, the CFTR-deficient animals showed improved transduction efficiency in all lung tissues tested, with a 31.9-fold, 7.1-fold, 3.2-fold, 6.4-fold, and 3.4-fold increase in detected vector genomes in the right accessory, right caudal, right cranial, right middle, and left lung lobes, respectively, as compared to their wild-type counterparts. Even if ignoring the right accessory lung as an outlier, a 5.1-fold increase in HSV-CFTR transduction was detected in CFTR −/−  mice vs. wild-type mice. A similar trend was observed at the transcript level, as human CFTR RNA was detected in the lungs of dosed animals, with higher transgene expression detected in CFTR-deficient vs. wild-type animals in most tissues tested ( FIG. 2B ). Little-to-no human CFTR DNA or RNA were observed in the vehicle-treated animals, suggesting specificity of the assay for the HSV-CFTR-encoded human transgene. 
     A histological examination of tissues harvested throughout the airways from each treatment group was conducted to determine whether infection with the engineered vector caused acute inflammation, necrosis, or other gross physiological changes that might indicate potential safety concerns for inhaled HSV-CFTR therapy in vivo. No obvious signs of immune cell invasion, fibrosis, or necrosis were detected in any of the HSV-CFTR-dosed tissues from wild-type or CFTR-deficient immunocompetent animals, as compared to vehicle treated mice ( FIG. 3 ). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid harvested from these animals 48 hours post-infection indicated that no significant differences in cell infiltration into the lungs were noted between groups, further indicating safety of the vector in both wild-type and CFTR-deficient animals after nebulization ( FIG. 4 ). 
     Taken together, this data indicates that this modified herpes simplex virus vector was amenable to non-invasive inhaled administration using a clinically approved nebulizer, and that the vector could be effectively delivered in the context of a CFTR-deficient lung epithelium, revealing robust transduction and subsequent expression of the encoded human CFTR transgene in targeted airway tissues. 
     Example 3 
     In Vivo Tolerability and Biodistribution of Repeat-Dose Modified Herpes Simplex Virus Vector in a Non-Human Primate 
     The objective of this study was, in part, to assess delivery of a modified herpes simplex virus vector in non-human primates (NHPs) after nebulization. This study was conducted, in part, to ensure repeated delivery of a modified herpes simplex virus vector was feasible for future inhalation studies. A single male cynomolgus monkey received a total of three exposures (vehicle (Day 1), low-dose HSV-CFTR (Day 5), and high-dose HSV-CFTR (Day 17)) followed by euthanasia and tissue collection ( FIG. 5 ). The collected tissues included brain, spleen, kidney, liver, lung (three unique locations), heart, and lymph nodes (axillary and inguinal). Blood was also harvested pre- and post-administration to determine the systemic exposure to the drug product after inhaled application. All procedures conducted were in compliance with applicable animal welfare acts and were approved by the local Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). 
     No abnormal cage-side or clinical observations were noted for the animal throughout the study. In addition, no changes in food consumption or bodyweight were found during the dosing period, indicating repeated dosing of the modified herpes simplex virus vector was well tolerated. 
     At Day 19, 48 hours after administration of nebulized high-dose HSV-CFTR, blood and tissue samples were collected for biodistribution and effector expression analyses via qPCR and qRT-PCR, respectively. Significant vector accumulation was observed in all three lung tissues tested, while little-to-no vector was detected in the remaining tissues ( FIG. 6A ). All blood samples were below the limit of detection for the qPCR assay, suggesting that the vector was restricted to the airways without significant dissemination into the circulatory system. Human CFTR RNA was detected predominantly in the lungs of the animal, without much, if any, effector expression in the other tested tissues ( FIG. 6B ). Interestingly, the levels of transgene expression in the lungs was 1-2 orders magnitude higher than the vector genomes in tested tissues (on a copies/gram of tissue basis), suggesting that modified herpes simplex virus vector robustly express their encoded human transgenes upon infection of airway epithelia after nebulization. 
     Taken together, without wishing to be bound by theory, the preclinical data provided herein indicates that modified herpes simplex virus vectors capably infected relevant airway epithelia, efficiently produced the encoded human transgene, and can be (re-)administered to animals in vivo via non-invasive inhaled administration using a clinically relevant nebulizer without significant toxicity or systemic vector distribution. As such, without wishing to be bound by theory, the results of these in vivo studies and safety assessments support the application of inhaled engineered herpes simplex viruses as novel, targeted, broadly applicable gene therapy vectors for the treatment of genetic pulmonary diseases. 
     Example 4 
     Construction of a Modified Herpes Simplex Virus Vector Encoding Human alpha-1-antitrypsin 
     The following example describes the engineering of a recombinant HSV-1 that successfully encoded human SERPINA1 (see e.g., SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 2) and expressed full-length human alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) protein (see e.g., SEQ ID NO: 3). 
     A recombinant HSV-1 was engineered to incorporate a human SERPINA1 expression cassette containing a heterologous promoter and polyA sequence (see e.g., Example 1). 18 viral plaques putatively containing the human SERPINA1 cassette were picked and screened by infection in a complementing cell line to test for human A1AT protein expression via western blot analysis (data not shown). One of the high expressing clones, termed HSV-A1AT, was subsequently selected for additional in vitro analysis. 
     Non-complementing U2-OS and Vero cells were mock infected with vehicle control or were infected with HSV-A1AT at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1 or 2 in serum free cell culture medium. 48 hours post-infection, cell pellets were harvested, lysed in RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors, and protein content was quantified via a BCA assay. 30 μg of each sample was loaded and run on a 4-15% acrylamide gel, and expression of the HSV-encoded human protein was assessed via western blot analysis ( FIG. 7 ). Recombinant human A1AT (rA1AT) was loaded on the gel as a positive control. While no human A1AT was detected in the uninfected control Vero and U2-OS cells, robust expression of human A1AT was observed in a dose-dependent manner after infection with HSV-A1AT in both cell lines. Because A1AT is a naturally secreted protein, cell culture supernatants were also harvested and tested for the presence of the human protein ( FIG. 8 ). In line with the data from the cell pellets, the mock-infected control well showed no A1AT secretion; however, human A1AT was detected in the supernatants of Vero and U2-OS cells infected with HSV-A1AT at both MOIs tested, suggesting that the full-length human protein was being properly processed/secreted after expression from the recombinant vector. 
     Taken together, the data presented in this example indicates that the recombinant HSV-1 vector HSV-A1AT efficiently transduced multiple cell types and was capable of expressing the human transgene encoded therein. Furthermore, the data indicates that the exogenous human protein was subsequently (properly) secreted from infected cells. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that this data further supports the use of engineered herpes simplex viruses as novel, targeted, broadly applicable gene therapy vectors for the treatment of genetic pulmonary diseases.