Patent Publication Number: US-2018041859-A1

Title: Wearable NFC Device For Secure Data Interaction

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Radio frequency identification (RFID) devices, including near field communication (NFC) enabled RFID devices, are utilized for a variety of purposes. Often such devices are formed as tags or labels and can be utilized to associate an object with an identification code or other data, such as website data. Such RFID devices may be passive and, upon receiving a signal, such as an excitation signal from an RFID or NFC-enabled reader, may be energized. The devices can then respond with a desired communication or provide information associated with a product, item or service associated with the RFID device. 
     Specifically, NFC is a data exchange protocol designed to allow devices, including suitably equipped mobile phones and wearable tokens, to interact with infrastructures, such as other mobile or personal computing devices, point of sale terminals, ticket gates on transportation systems, or RFID devices in the forms of “smart posters” or “touchpoints”, for example. In such situations, bringing an NFC enabled device into proximity of such infrastructure or RFID devices can cause the transmission of data to the NFC enabled device, resulting in, for example, the opening of a web page, the acceptance of a media stream via Bluetooth or any of a number of other functions. 
     There are, however, concerns and problems with the use of such NFC devices and, in particular, wearable NFC devices used for access control and payments. One known problem is unauthorized or undesired access of payment or identity information through the use of scanners located or carried proximately to an NFC device. Such unauthorized or undesired scans are performed by criminals, retailers, and other parties seeking to obtain information from a variety of sources. Such unauthorized or undesired scans are possible because of the near-constant “on” or open state of typical NFC devices. Having a user actively activate or deactivate an NFC device, however, is cumbersome, slow, and inefficient, as well as impractical for providing desired security. 
     SUMMARY 
     A method and apparatus for near field communications. Exemplary embodiments can include a near field communication (NFC) device. The NFC device may have a wristband housing an NFC device, the wristband fitting around a wrist of a wearer, the NFC device having a secure state and an active state; and one or more sensors disposed in the wristband, the one or more sensors sensing a state of at least one of the wrist of the wearer and a hand of the wearer, wherein the state of the at least one of the wrist of the wearer and the hand of the wearer changes the state of the NFC device between a secure state and an active state. 
     In another exemplary embodiment, a method of transitioning an NFC device between states may be described. The method of transitioning an NFC device between states may include disposing an NFC device on a wrist of a wearer; sensing a position of the wrist of the wearer and a hand of the wearer located next to the wrist of the wearer; providing the NFC device in a first state when the wrist of the wearer is in a relaxed position; and providing the NFC device in a second state when the hand of the wearer IS III an articulated position with respect to the wrist of the wearer. 
     In still another exemplary embodiment, a NFC device may be described. The NFC device may have a piece of jewelry housing an NFC device, the jewelry designed to be worn on at least one of a hand, wrist, and fingers of a wearer of the NFC device, the NFC device having a secure state and an active state; and one or more sensors disposed in the piece of jewelry, the one or more sensors sensing a state of at least one of the wrist, hand, and fingers of the wearer with respect to at least one of the wrist, hand, and fingers of the wearer, wherein the state of the at least one of the wrist, hand, and fingers of the wearer changes the state of the NFC device between a secure state and an active state. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Advantages of embodiments of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the exemplary embodiments. The following detailed description should be considered in conjunction with the accompanying figures in which: 
         FIG. 1 a    is an exemplary diagram of an NFC device on a wrist of a wearer in a relaxed position. 
         FIG. 1 b    is an exemplary diagram of an NFC device on a wrist of a wearer in an articulated position. 
         FIG. 2 a    is an exemplary diagram of an NFC device on a finger of a wearer where the fingers are substantially close together. 
         FIG. 2 b    is an exemplary diagram of an NFC device on a finger of a wearer where the fingers are substantially spread apart. 
         FIG. 3 a    is an exemplary diagram of an NFC device with an optical symbology element on a wrist of a wearer in a relaxed position and with the optical symbology element in an obscured state. 
         FIG. 3 b    is an exemplary diagram of an NFC device with an optical symbology element on a wrist of a wearer in an articulated position and with the optical symbology element in a viewable state. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Aspects of the invention are disclosed in the following description and related drawings directed to specific embodiments of the invention. Alternate embodiments may be devised without departing from the spirit or the scope of the invention. Additionally, well-known elements of exemplary embodiments of the invention will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of the invention. Further, to facilitate an understanding of the description discussion of several terms used herein follows. 
     As used herein, the word “exemplary” means “serving as an example, instance or illustration.” The embodiments described herein are not limiting, but rather are exemplary only. It should be understood that the described embodiments are not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. Moreover, the terms “embodiments of the invention”, “embodiments” or “invention” do not require that all embodiments of the invention include the discussed feature, advantage or mode of operation. 
     Generally referring to  FIGS. 1 a -3 b   , various NFC devices and exemplary modes of operation may be shown and described. The NFC devices may be worn on the arm, wrist, hand, or finger of a wearer. The NFC devices may generally be in a secure state during regular wearing or use. However, the NFC devices may be activated or put into an open state upon a certain predetermined movement or articulation by the wearer. Such NFC devices and their activation capabilities may provide for additional desired security of the NFC devices and may be utilized to prevent unauthorized or undesired access to the data housed or shared on the NFC devices. 
     Referring now to exemplary  FIGS. 1 a  and 1 b   , an NFC device  102  may be worn, mounted on, or coupled to a wrist  104  of a wearer. The NFC device  102  may be any type of NFC device, for example a wristband, watch, or any other type of NFC device. Further, NFC device  102  may be worn in any desired fashion and may be coupled to the arm, wrist, or hand of the wearer in any known manner, for example by a coupling, clasp, or any other desired fashion. The NFC device may function in a known fashion to provide near field communications. It may be appreciated, in other exemplary embodiments, that the NFC device  102  may be any type of communication device, for example a radio frequency identification device (RFID) and the like. 
     In exemplary  FIG. 1 a   , the wrist  104  and hand  106  of a user may be seen in a relaxed, or unarticulated position. In this position, the NFC device  102  may be in a first state, which is a secured or substantially secure state where only limited data is shared or the unit is disabled. For example, when the wearer of the NFC device  102  has their arm or wrist in this position, the NFC device  102  may not send or receive any data. In this state the NFC device  102  may be disconnected from its antenna or otherwise inhibited from operation; the NFC device  102  may be active, but may not provide any data pertaining to a transaction, for example only providing simply identity information; or the NFC device  102  may provide a random number with a limited so, so that a unique individual can be tracked for a period of time, such as a few hours or when otherwise logged into a system, without the identity of an individual being known. Such a position of the arm or wrist  106  of the user may allow for the free wearing of NFC device  102  without any threat of unauthorized or undesired by an outside scanner, whether the outside scanner is a retailer, a point of sale scanner, a criminal illicitly attempting to obtain data, or any other scanner, outside source, or outside party. 
     In exemplary  FIG. 1 b   , the NFC device  102  is again shown on wrist  104  of a wearer. However, in exemplary  FIG. 1 b   , hand  106  is angled or articulated in an upward position. The articulation of hand  106  may allow for NFC device  102  to be in a second state, which may be an open state, activated state, or otherwise a state where NFC device  102  is set to a transmission mode or mode that activates any desired features of the NFC device  102 . For example, in this mode, data may be transmitted from NFC device  102 , payments may be made using NFC device  102 , identification verification can be made through NFC device  102 , or any other features of NFC device  102  may be activated or enabled, or, in other words, NFC device  102  can have its full functionality. In some exemplary embodiments, when a wearer positions their hand  106  and wrist  104  in the position shown in exemplary  FIG. 1 b   , the wearer of NFC device  102  may make payments at a point of sale terminal or identify the wearer with appropriate information. Additionally, it should be understood that a wearer of NFC device  102  may transition the NFC device  102  between secure and active states at any desired time by performing the appropriate or desired movement of wrist  104  and/or hand  106 . Additionally, in still further exemplary embodiments, it can be appreciated that such movements may be utilized to enable or allow for any other desired feature of NFC device  102 . For example, a wearer of NFC device  102  may allow for the activation or deactivation of Bluetooth capabilities or Wi-Fi capabilities. 
     Still referring to exemplary  FIGS. 1 a  and 1 b   , NFC device  102  may be switched between a first state (secure) and a second state (active) through movement of the hand  106 , wrist  104 , and/or arm of a wearer. Various components may be utilized in NFC device  102  in order to allow it to switch states. In some exemplary embodiments, an optical sensor may be utilized on NFC device  102 . The optical sensor may be mounted on a top or front portion of NFC device  102  and may point towards the hand  106  of the wearer. Thus, in  FIG. 1 a    the optical sensor of NFC device  102  may not detect the hand  106 , leaving NFC device  102  in a secure state. However, as shown in exemplary  FIG. 1 b   , the optical sensor of NFC device  102  may detect hand  106  as it would be positioned in the plane of detection of the optical sensor. In another exemplary embodiment, a capacitive sensor on NFC device  102  could detect a change in capacitance between the NFC device  102  on wrist  104  and hand  106  when a wearer of NFC device  102  bends their wrist  104  or exerts strain or muscle movement, or any other detectable physical parameter, at the location where NFC device  102  IS worn. In such exemplary embodiments, it is appreciated that different movements of wrist  104  and/or hand  106 , different muscle movements under NFC device  102 , or any other different physical exertion may be utilized as an event to switch NFC device  102  from a secure state to an active state. As discussed in more detail below, such detection possibilities may be predetermined and stored in NFC device  102  or may be set according to any desire of a user or wearer of NFC device  102 . 
     As shown in exemplary  FIG. 1 b   , hand  106  is shown in an upward position. It may be appreciated that this position of hand  106  with respect to wrist  104  may be a position that is not a customary position for hand  106  and wrist  104  of a wearer of NFC device  102 . For example, it would be unusual for a wearer of NFC device  102  to have his or her hand  106  and wrist  104  in the position shown in  FIG. 1 b    when at rest. This may be desirable as it can allow the wearer of NFC device  102  to only activate NFC device  102  at desired times without the risk, or with only a limited risk of undesired or unnecessary activation. It may be appreciated, however, that NFC device  102  may be such that it can be activated based on any set or predetermined movement of wrist  104  and hand  106 , or any combination of movements. Such movements for the activation of NFC device  102  may be preset or predetermined in NFC device  102  or may be set according to the preferences of the user or wearer and stored with NFC device  102 . 
     Exemplary  FIGS. 2 a  and 2 b    provide another exemplary embodiment of an NFC device  202 . In this example, NFC device  202  may be another type of worn article, such as a ring or any other finger-worn structure or piece of jewelry. NFC device  202  may be worn on any finger or fingers  204  of hand  206 . As in previous exemplary embodiments, NFC device  202  may have two states, a secure state and an active state, substantially similar to those described above with respect to exemplary  FIGS. 1 a  and 1 b   . However, in this exemplary embodiment, NFC device  202  may change states based on movements of a finger or fingers  204  on hand  206 . 
     In exemplary  FIG. 2 a   , the fingers  204  of hand  206  are in a relaxed and relatively close position. In this position, NFC device  202  may be in a secure state. In exemplary  FIG. 2 b   , fingers  204  are in a deliberately spread apart position, which can allow for the transitioning of NFC device  202  from the secure state in  FIG. 2 a    to an active state in  FIG. 2 b   . As in the other previously-described exemplary embodiments, it may be appreciated that the changing of states of NFC device  202  may be accomplished through the spreading or closing of fingers  204 , or may be accomplished through any other predetermined or user-determined movement of a finger or fingers  204 , as desired. 
     Referring now to exemplary  FIGS. 3 a  and 3 b   , another embodiment may have a wearable device  302  with an optical symbology  304  displayed on device  302 . Device  302  may be any type of device, for example a wristband-type NFC device, similar to those described in above exemplary embodiments. Additionally, device  302  may have component  303  that is disposed over a wrist  308  of a wearer. Component  303  may be a label or sensor, as desired. Additionally, in some exemplary embodiments component  303  may be a sensor, in other exemplary embodiments, component  303  may include a display or may otherwise display any information described herein. Optical symbology  304  may be displayed in any fashion, for example for example on an active or static display, or any other known method on device  302 . Optical symbology may be any type of symbology, for example a  1 D or  2 D code. Additionally, optical symbology  304  may convey any desired information, such as identity information. 
     In exemplary  FIG. 3 a   , optical symbology  302  may have an array of information  306  that is concealed. Information  306  may be any type of information, as discussed above. When the wrist  308  and hand  310  of wearer of device  302  are in a relaxed position, stress on device  302  may be such that the information  306  is concealed, hidden, distorted, illegible, or otherwise indecipherable. This may be effectively similar to the secure states and positions described with respect to previous exemplary embodiments. 
     Referring now to exemplary  FIG. 3 b   , information  306  may now be readable after the wrist  308  and hand  310  of the wearer of device  302  are moved so that hand  310  is in an upward position and flexing or displacing component  303 , similar to the active state described with respect to some exemplary embodiments previously. Stress may be exerted on device  302  or component  303  through the movement of wrist  308 , hand  310 , a joint there between, or muscle position or activation below device  302 . The optical symbology  304  information  306  may become readable or legible as a result of a variety of factors or conditions. For example, one method of making information  306  readable could include stretching a plastic film over optical symbology  304  and altering its effect on the polarization of light. This can change the shape of a lenticular- or prism-based optical covering. Thus, when the wrist  308  and/or hand  310  move, information  306  may go from concealed in  FIG. 3 a    to legible in  FIG. 3 b   . In still another exemplary embodiment, a piezoelectric film may be disposed over device  302 , for example over optical symbology  304 . The piezoelectric film may generate a charge that changes the state of a liquid crystal shutter on device  302 , which could then render information  306  as legible or readable. Similar to previous exemplary embodiments, any desired movements or positions could be utilized to enact the concealing or revealing of information  306 . 
     The foregoing description and accompanying figures illustrate the principles, preferred embodiments and modes of operation of the invention. However, the invention should not be construed as being limited to the particular embodiments discussed above. Additional variations of the embodiments discussed above will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. 
     Therefore, the above-described embodiments should be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. Accordingly, it should be appreciated that variations to those embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.