Patent Publication Number: US-2023156175-A1

Title: Autostereoscopic display device and method

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims priority from Taiwan Patent Application No. 110142947, filed on Nov. 18, 2021, in the Taiwan Intellectual Property Office, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present disclosure relates to a display device, particularly to an autostereoscopic display device and a display method having an image panel, convex lens, and triangular prism with a predetermined configuration. 
     2. DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART 
     Autostereoscopic (also known as Autostereoscopic 3D) display is a technology that allows users to see stereoscopic images without wearing special helmets or 3D glasses. In particular, parallax barriers, lenticular lenses, and directional backlight are the most common methods in the current autostereoscopic display technology. 
       FIG.  1    illustrates an exemplary display device using parallax barriers. Wherein, the parallax barriers  102  are disposed in front of the display panel  101 . A group of alternating pixels can be seen only by a left eye, and the adjacent pixels which the left eye cannot see can be seen by a right eye. In the display device, the pixels seen by the left eye and those seen by the right eye form an image, which simulates stereoscopic vision. The technology of parallax barrier display is a simple method to realize autostereoscopic 3D display, but many drawbacks still can be found. One of the drawbacks is that the viewer must be situated in a pre-designed specific viewing region, and the viewing angle is restricted. Another drawback is that parallax barriers reduce brightness and resolution. Yet another drawback is that the viewer may experience crosstalk or overlap, wherein the right eye may see some of the images for the left eye; similarly, the left eye may also see some of the images for the right eye. 
       FIG.  2    illustrates another exemplary display device using lenticular lenses. Wherein, the lenticular lenses  202  are disposed in front of the display panel  201 . The lenticular lenses guide the pixel light of the right eye and left eye to the appropriate viewpoint through refraction, and therefore the viewer can observe a single stereoscopic image. The brightness performance of the lenticular lenses is superior to that of the parallax barriers. 
     Although the brightness performance of the lenticular lenses is superior to that of the parallax barriers, both the parallax barriers and the lenticular lenses have the disadvantage of making a compromise between the resolution and the visual region. For example, it is assumed that the total number of pixels on the panel is N and the field of view is 1. The right eye is assigned N/2 pixels and the left eye is assigned N/2 pixels, so the viewer can only see N/2 resolution. When the display is designed as two visual regions, N/4 pixels are assigned to the right eye of the first region, and N/4 pixels are assigned to the right eye of the second region; the reset may be deduced in the same manner. Therefore, the viewer can only see N/4 resolution. 
     In view of what is mentioned above, the inventor of the present disclosure has designed an autostereoscopic display device and a method, in an effort to tackle deficiencies in the prior art and further to improve practical implementation in industries. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present disclosure aims to provide autostereoscopic display devices and related methods. 
     According to the purpose, the present disclosure provides an autostereoscopic display device, including a display panel, a plurality of collimation units, and a plurality of refraction units displayed in sequence along a light-emitting direction. The display panel has a plurality of pixel groups, each of the pixel groups includes a plurality of pixels, all of the pixels are arranged in an array, and the display panel emits image light in the light-emitting direction. Each of the collimation units is located at one side of at least one of the pixels to receive the image light, and each of the collimation units converges the image light into collimated image light and then emits the collimated image light along the light-emitting direction. Each of the refraction units is located in front of at least one of the pixels on two sides of a center of the pixel group, so as to receive the collimated image light; the refraction unit refracts the collimated image light into refraction image light and then emits the refraction image light along the light-emitting direction; wherein light beams of the refraction image light on two sides of the center of the pixel group are projecting in symmetrically increased oblique angles with respect to the center of the pixel group. 
     Preferably, the collimation unit is a convex lens, the refraction unit has an incident light surface and an emergent light surface, the incident light surface is a flat surface, is parallel to the display panel, and faces the display panel, and the emergent light surface is an inclined surface relative to the display panel. 
     Preferably, the collimation unit is a convex lens, the collimation unit has a first side and a second side relative to each other, the first side faces the display panel, the first side is a convex surface, and the second side is a flat surface. 
     Preferably, the collimation unit is located at one side of one of the pixels, the collimation unit has a first side and a second side relative to each other, the first side faces the display panel, the first side has a plurality of convex parts protruding to the display panel, the plurality of convex parts respectively correspond to a plurality of sub-pixels of the pixels, and the second side is a flat surface. 
     Preferably, the emergent light surface of the refraction unit on two sides of the center of the pixel group is disposed in a relatively oblique manner. 
     According to the purpose, the present disclosure also provides an autostereoscopic display method, including: providing a display panel, the display panel having a plurality of pixel groups, each of the pixel groups including a plurality of pixels, and all of the pixels being arranged in an array; controlling the pixels to emit corresponding image light according to coordinate information and depth information of an object in an image; disposing a plurality of collimation units on one side of the display panel to receive the image light and converge the image light into collimated image light and then emit the collimated image light along the light-emitting direction, and each of the collimation units being located on one side of at least one of the pixels; and disposing a plurality of refraction units on one side of the plurality of collimation units relative to the display panel, so as to receive the collimated image light and refract the collimated image light into refraction image light, which is then emitted along the light-emitting direction, and each of the refraction units being located in front of at least one of the pixels on two sides of a center of the pixel group; wherein light beams of the refraction image light on two sides of the center of the pixel group are projecting in symmetrically increased oblique angles with respect to the center of the pixel group. 
     Preferably, the method further includes: disposing an incident light surface of the refraction unit to be a flat surface, be parallel to the display panel, and face the display panel; disposing an emergent light surface of the refraction unit to be an inclined surface relative to the display panel; and disposing the emergent light surface of the refraction unit on two sides of the center of the pixel group in a relatively oblique manner. 
     Preferably, the method further includes: disposing a convex lens to be the collimation unit, and the collimation unit having a first side and a second side relative to each other; and making the first side face the display panel, wherein the first side is a convex surface, and the second side is a flat surface. 
     Preferably, the method further includes: disposing one of the collimation units to be located on one side of one of the pixels, and the collimation unit having a first side and a second side relative to each other; and making the first side face the display panel, wherein the first side has a plurality of convex parts protruding to the display panel, each of the convex parts corresponds to a plurality of sub-pixels of one of the pixels, and the second side is a flat surface. 
     Preferably, in the autostereoscopic display device or the autostereoscopic display method, the center of the pixel group has a normal line, and an included angle between the inclined surface and the normal line is gradually reduced from the center of the pixel group to two sides of the center of the pixel group. 
     Preferably, in the autostereoscopic display device or the autostereoscopic display method, the light beams of the refraction image light on two sides of the center of the pixel group are symmetrically and obliquely diffused. 
     Preferably, in the autostereoscopic display device or the autostereoscopic display method, one of the collimation units and one of the refraction units are integrated into an integrally-formed module. 
     The technical features of the present disclosure are to be illustrated in detail below with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings to make a person with ordinary skill in the art effortlessly understand the purpose, technical features, and advantages of the present disclosure. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The drawings required for the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure are to be briefly described below to illustrate more clearly the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure. It is obvious that the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present disclosure. For a person with ordinary skill in the art, additional drawings can be obtained according to these drawings. 
         FIG.  1    is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the autostereoscopic display device in the prior art. 
         FIG.  2    is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the autostereoscopic display device in the prior art. 
         FIG.  3 A  and  FIG.  3 B  are the first schematic diagrams of the technical description of the autostereoscopic display device. 
         FIG.  4 A  and  FIG.  4 B  are the first schematic diagrams of the autostereoscopic display device in the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  5 A  and  FIG.  5 B  are the second schematic diagrams of the technical description of the autostereoscopic display device in the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  6    is the second schematic diagram of the autostereoscopic stereoscopic display device in the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  7    is the third schematic diagram of the autostereoscopic stereoscopic display device in the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  8    is the fourth schematic diagram of the autostereoscopic stereoscopic display device in the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  9    is the fifth schematic diagram of the autostereoscopic stereoscopic display device in the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  10    is the sixth schematic diagram of the autostereoscopic stereoscopic display device in the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  11 A  and  FIG.  11 B  are the seventh schematic diagrams of the autostereoscopic display device in the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  12    is the eighth schematic diagram of the autostereoscopic stereoscopic display device in the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  13    is the ninth schematic diagram of the autostereoscopic stereoscopic display device in the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  14 A  and  FIG.  14 B  are the tenth schematic diagrams of the autostereoscopic display device in the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  15 A  and  FIG.  15 B  are schematic diagrams of another embodiment of the autostereoscopic display device in the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  16 A  is a schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of the autostereoscopic display device in the present disclosure. 
         FIG.  16 B  is a schematic diagram of still another embodiment of the autostereoscopic display device in the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The advantages, features, and technical methods of the present disclosure are to be explained in detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments and the figures for the purpose of being easier to be understood. Moreover, the present disclosure may be realized in different forms, and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Conversely, for a person with ordinary skill in the art, the embodiments provided shall make the present disclosure convey the scope more thoroughly, comprehensively, and completely. In addition, the present disclosure shall be defined only by the appended claims. 
     It should be noted that although the terms “first,” “second,” and the like may be used in the present disclosure to describe various elements, components, regions, sections, layers, and/or parts, these elements, components, regions, sections, layers and/or parts should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, sections, layer, and/or part from another element, component, region, sections, layer, and/or part. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used in the present disclosure have the same meaning as those commonly understood by a person with ordinary skill in the art. It should be further understood that, unless explicitly defined herein, the terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having definitions consistent with their meaning in the context of the related art and the present disclosure, and should not be construed as idealized or overly formal. 
     Whether the object is luminous or illuminated by other light sources, the light field is the vector of light emitted from the object. Wherein, the light field describes all the image information of the real object, including the position, direction, color, and intensity of the light. The purpose of the autostereoscopic display device is to emit light from the image in a dedicated direction according to the image position and depth clue and simulate the light field of a real object. This allows the viewer to see a stereoscopic image in virtual reality without being restricted to a limited visual field. 
     The present disclosure provides an autostereoscopic display device, including a display panel, a plurality of collimation units, and a plurality of refraction units displayed in sequence along a light-emitting direction. The display panel has a plurality of pixel groups, each of the pixel groups includes a plurality of pixels, all of the pixels are arranged in an array, and the display panel emits image light in the light-emitting direction. Each of the collimation units is located at one side of at least one of the pixels to receive the image light, and each of the collimation units converges the image light into collimated image light and then emits the collimated image light along the light-emitting direction. Each of the refraction units is located in front of at least one of the pixels on two sides of a center of the pixel group, so as to receive the collimated image light; the refraction unit refracts the collimated image light into refraction image light and then emits the refraction image light along the light-emitting direction; wherein light beams of the refraction image light on two sides of the center of the pixel group are projecting in symmetrically increased oblique angles with respect to the center of the pixel group. 
     The aforementioned description is to be further illustrated in detail below. 
     Please refer to  FIG.  3 A  and  FIG.  3 B . As shown in  FIG.  3 A , the light  303  and light  304  respectively represent the light fields of object A  301  and object B  302 . A stereo camera is positioned in the shooting visual region  305  to record or shoot stereoscopic images corresponding to object A  301  and object B  302 . Next, the image processor of the display device may extract the relative position and depth relationship of object A  301  and object B  302  from the stereoscopic images corresponding to object A  301  and object B  302 . As shown in  FIG.  3 B , the autostereoscopic display panel  314  includes a plurality of pixel groups, and a collimation unit as a convex lens and a refraction unit as a triangular prism are provided in front of each of the pixel groups (i.e. between the autostereoscopic display panel  314  and the viewing visual region  311 ). Wherein, the autostereoscopic display panel may reproduce the light fields of the image  306  of object A and the image  307  of object B for the viewing visual region  311  based on the relative position and depth relationship. For example, the pixel group  312  emits light  308  along a straight line from the image  306  of object A to the pixel group  312 , and the pixel group  313  emits light from the image  306  of object A and the image  307  of object B at the same time; all the pixel groups may be deduced in the same manner. Therefore, all viewers in the viewing visual region  311  may observe the simulated light fields of object A and object B without being restricted to a small viewing region. However, the light field  303  of object A  301  is continuous around object A  301 , whereas the light emitted from the pixel  308  is finite and discrete; the quality of the stereoscopic display depends on the panel resolution, that is, the pixel density of the display panel. 
     It should be noted that two-dimensional display devices are the most popular display devices on the market, including liquid crystal display (LCD) panel, light-emitting diode (LED) array, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, and screen projection. Owing to the advancement of modern display technology, display devices with larger sizes and higher pixel density constantly appear on the market. Therefore, the higher pixel density suggests that it is feasible to construct an autostereoscopic display device by using rich pixels. In the present disclosure, the refraction principle is used to redirect light to a specific direction; a further explanation is exemplified hereinafter. 
     Please refer to  FIG.  4 A  and  FIG.  4 B , which are the first schematic diagrams of the autostereoscopic display device in the present disclosure. As shown in the figures, the display panel has a plurality of pixel groups, and each of the pixel groups includes a plurality of pixels  402 ; in  FIG.  4 A  and  FIG.  4 B , the display panel and the pixel groups thereof are omitted for the convenience of description, which is to be explained later. As shown in  FIGS.  4 A and  4 B  , the refraction unit  405  has an incident light surface and an emergent light surface, the incident light surface is flat and faces the display panel while being parallel to the display panel, the emergent light surface is an inclined surface relative to the display panel. Wherein, the light (image light)  401  emitted from the pixel  402  is converged into collimated image light  404  through the collimation unit  403  as a convex lens. The collimated image light  404  passes perpendicularly through the incident light surface  4051  of the refraction unit  405  as a triangular prism into the refraction unit  405 . The collimated image light  404  is refracted into the refraction image light  406  through the emergent light surface  4052  of the refraction unit  405 . Wherein, the refraction image light  406  on both sides of the center of the pixel group diffuse outward and are distributed in a symmetrical oblique direction. 
     Please refer to  FIG.  5 A  and  FIG.  5 B . The relationship between the incident angle θ 1  and the deflection angle θ 3  is shown in  FIG.  5 A . The refraction angle θ 2  may be calculated using Snell&#39;s Law, sinθ 1 : sinθ 2 =n 2 : n 1 . n 1  is the refractive index of the material of the refraction unit  502 . It is assumed that the material of the refraction unit  502  as a triangular prism is polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and n 1  is  1 . 58 . n 2  is the refractive index of the atmosphere, which is equal to  1 . The deflection angle  3  is the included angle between the emergent light  503  and the incident light  501 , which is equal to the difference between  0   1  and  0   2 . The relationship between  0   3  and  0   1  is calculated and shown in the table of  FIG.  5 B . 
       FIG.  6    is a schematic planar graph of the pixel group arrangement in the exemplary embodiment. For clarity, only a small portion of the pixel group is shown in the figure. A pixel group is formed of 2n+1 pixels  601 , n being a positive integer; except for the central pixel P 0 , each pixel is equipped with a collimation unit  602  as a convex lens and a refraction unit  603  as a triangular prism. The pixels in a pixel group are numbered in ascending order from −n to +n, labeled as P −n  to P +n . For the pixel P 0 , the light (image light)  607  emitted from the pixels is converged by the collimation unit  602  into collimated image light, which passes through the rectangular prism  606  without refraction. For the pixels P n  to P +n  other than the pixel P 0 , the light  604  emitted from the pixels is converged by the collimation unit  602  into collimated image light, which is then refracted by the refraction unit  603 ; the deflection angles are from a to a +n  arranged in an angularly symmetrical manner; that is, the angle an is equal to the negative value of the angle a +n . The angle sequence a +1 , a +2 , . . . , a +n  is designed as an increasing sequence, and the angle difference between continuous items need not be constant. 
     That is, the emergent light surface of the refraction unit  603  on two sides of the center of the pixel group is disposed in a relatively oblique manner; furthermore, the center of the pixel group has a normal line, and an included angle between the inclined surface and the normal line is gradually reduced from the center of the pixel group to two sides of the center of the pixel group. 
     Please refer to  FIG.  7    as well as  FIG.  8   .  FIG.  7    is a schematic diagram illustrating the pixels in a pixel group arranged in columns.  FIG.  8    is a block diagram illustrating the pixels in a pixel group arranged in a checkerboard manner. As shown in  FIG.  7   , the pixels in the pixel group  702  may be arranged in a linear or checkerboard manner. The display panel  701  is formed of an array of the pixel group arranged in X rows and Y columns. The pixels in a pixel group are arranged in a linear manner. As shown in  FIG.  8   , the display panel  801  is formed of an array of the pixel group  802 , with the pixel group arranged in X rows and Y columns; wherein, the pixels in the pixel group are arranged in a checkerboard manner. 
     Please refer to  FIG.  9   , which is a schematic diagram depicting the relationship between object images and pixel data. For clarity, the number of pixels in a pixel group is only set to 7, which should not be limited thereto, however. In addition, only two objects and a small portion of pixel groups are illustrated exemplarily in the figure. The coordinates  901  and the original point  902  show the coordinates in the figure, with positive z being the direction toward the front of the display panel  903  and negative z being the direction toward the back of display panel  903 . The size, location, and depth clue of image A  904  and image B  913  may be extracted from the input stereoscopic image using the image processor not depicted in the figure. The coordinate position of image A  904  are x A , z A  (as indicated by the symbol  906 ), wherein z A  indicates the depth of object A to which image A corresponds. Light  911  is emitted from the pixel  910  at a specific angle (angle of a −3  as shown in  FIG.  6   ). According to all the data including the position of the pixel  910 , the light angle (such as the angle of a −3  as shown in  FIG.  6   ), and the size and coordinates of image A  904 , the image processor may calculate the intersection point  912  of the extension line  923  of light  911  and image A  904 . Thus, the data of the intersection point  912  of image A  904  may correspond to the pixel  910 , which in turn makes the pixel  910  emit a corresponding light field (image light). Likewise, the image processor may calculate the intersection point  906  of the extension line  909  of the light  908  emitted from the pixel  907  and image A  904 , and hence the data of the intersection point  906  of image A  904  may correspond to the pixel  907 , which in turn makes the pixel  907  emit a corresponding light field (image light). The coordinate position of image B  913  is x B , z B  (as indicated by symbol  915 ), and z B  is equal to the depth of object B to which image B  913  corresponds. Likewise, the extension line  918  of the light  917  emitted from the pixel  916  has an intersection point  915  with image B  913 , and therefore the data of the intersection point  915  may correspond to the pixel  916 , which in turn makes the pixel  916  emit a corresponding light field (image light). The rest of the pixels are also deduced in the same manner, so similar descriptions are not to be described herein. 
     Please refer to  FIG.  10   , which is a description of the output image data; for clarity, only a small portion of the pixels are shown in the figure. The extension line  1006  of the light  1005  intersects with the image  1001  at the intersection point  1007 , and then the data D 4  of the intersection point  1007  is written into or corresponds to the pixel  1002 . Similarly, the extension line  1009  of the light  1008  intersects with the image  1001  at the intersection point  1010 , and therefore the data D 3  at the intersection point  1010  is written or corresponds to the pixel  1003 ; the extension line  1012  of the light  1011  intersects with the image  1001  at the intersection point  1013 , and therefore the data D 2  at the intersection point  1013  is written or corresponds to the pixel  1004 . The rest of the pixels are also deduced in the same manner, so similar descriptions are not to be described herein. 
     Please refer to  FIG.  11 A  and  FIG.  11 B , which are schematic diagrams indicating the comparison between the light fields of the real object and the image display. As shown in  FIG.  11 A , with regard to the real environment, regardless of whether the object is luminous or illuminated by other light sources, the light field  1105  is formed of light emitted from the point  1103  of the object  1101 , and the light field  1106  is formed of light emitted from the point  1104  of the object  1101 . Moreover, the light field is continuous in all directions. The viewer  1102  may observe the light fields  1105  and  1106  and identify the position and direction of the object  1101 . Regarding the image display, the display panel  1109  includes a plurality of pixel groups labeled as PG 1  to PGx. According to the process described in  FIG.  9   , as shown in  FIG.  11 B , the image  1107  data may be written into the pixels on the display panel  1109 . The image data of the point  1110  may be written into the pixels where the light beam is directed toward the point  1110 . It is assumed that all pixels with the point  1110  are within the range  1112  of the pixel groups, and the light  1113  is emitted from these pixels. The light  1113  includes information about the image data, direction, and positional relationship of the point  1110  of the image  1107 , and the light  1114  also further includes information about the image data, direction, and positional relationship of the point  1111 . Therefore, the light  1113  and light  1114  may be equivalent to light fields  1105  and  1106 . The only difference is that the light fields  1105  and  1106  are continuous fields, whereas the light  1113  and light  1114  are formed of a plurality of light beams and are discrete. As the density of pixel groups in the panel increases and the number of pixels in each pixel group increases, the beam density of the light  1113  and light  1114  may also increase and the quality of the stereoscopic image may be significantly improved. 
     Please refer to  FIG.  12   . If the image is in front of the panel, the viewer may feel that the image is outside the screen. The process of displaying an image in front of the panel is shown in  FIG.  12   , similar to the process shown in  FIG.  9   .  FIG.  12    is a planar graph of the image display process, where the number of pixels in a pixel group is set to 7 only; for clarity, only a small portion of pixel groups are shown in the figure. The coordinates  1201  and the original point indicate the coordinates in  FIG.  12   , and positive z is the direction showing the front of the display panel  1203 . Information about the size, position, and depth relationship of the image  1204  of the object may be extracted from the input stereoscopic image by the image processor (not shown in the figure). The coordinates of the image  1204  are x A , z A  (marked by symbol  1206 ), wherein z A  is the distance from the image  1204  to the display panel  1203 . The light  1208  is emitted from the pixel  1207  at a specific angle a +3  (as shown in  FIG.  6   ). Based on all the data including the position of the pixel  1207 , the light angle a +3 , and the size and coordinates of the image  1204 , the image processor may calculate the intersection point  1206  of the light  1208  and the image  1204 . 
     Therefore, the data of the image  1204  is written into the pixel  1207 , which in turn makes the pixel  1207  emit a corresponding light field (image light). Similarly, the light  1210  of the pixel  1211  may intersect with the image  1204  at the intersection point  1209 , and then the data of the intersection point  1209  may be written into the pixel  1211 . This process is then applied to all pixels so that all pixels emit corresponding light fields (image light). 
     Please refer to  FIG.  13   .  FIG.  13    is a detailed description of the image data applied to the output; for clarity, only a small portion of the pixels are shown in the figure. The light  1309  intersects with the image  1302  at the intersection point  1306 , and then the data D 0  of the intersection point  1306  may be written into the pixel  1303 . Similarly, the data D 2  of the intersection point  1307  may be written into the pixel  1304 , and the data D 3  of the intersection point  1308  may be written into the pixel  1305 , etc. This process is then applied to all pixels so that all pixels emit corresponding light fields (image light). 
     Please refer to  FIG.  14 A  and  FIG.  14 B .  FIG.  14 A  and  FIG.  14 B  are schematic diagrams indicating the comparison between the light fields of the real object and the image display. As shown in  FIG.  14 A , with regard to the real environment, regardless of whether the object is luminous or illuminated by other light sources, the light field  1405  is formed of light emitted from the point  1403  of the object  1401 , and the light field  1406  is formed of light emitted from the point  1404  of the object  1401 . The light field is continuous in all directions. The viewer  1402  may observe the light fields  1405  and  1406  and identify the position and direction of the object  1401 . Regarding the image display, the display panel  1409  includes a plurality of pixel groups labeled as PG 1  to PGx. The data of the image  1407  may be written into the pixels on the display panel  1409  by the process described below and in  FIG.  12   . The image data of the point  1410  of the image  1407  may be written into the (corresponding) pixels where the light is directed toward the point  1410 . It is assumed that all pixels with the point  1410  are within the range  1412  of the pixel groups, and the light  1413  is emitted from these pixels. The light  1413  includes information about the image data, direction, and positional relationship of the point  1410  of the image  1407 , and the light  1414  also further includes information about the image data, direction, and positional relationship of the point  1411 . Therefore, the light  1413  and light  1414  may be equivalent to light fields  1405  and  1406 . The only difference is that the light fields  1405  and  1406  are continuous fields, whereas the light  1413  and light  1414  are formed of a plurality of light beams and are discrete. As the density of pixel groups in the display panel  1409  increases and the number of pixels in each pixel group increases, the beam density of the light  1413  and light  1414  may also increase. Therefore, the autostereoscopic display may be improved from the side of the viewer  1408 . 
     Please refer to  FIG.  4    together with  FIG.  15 A  and  FIG.  15 B . The collimation unit  401  as a convex lens and the refraction unit  405  as a triangular prism as shown in  FIG.  4    may be combined into an optical module (i.e., as shown in  FIG.  15 A  and  FIG.  15 B ); that is, the collimation unit  401  and the refraction unit  405  are made in an integrally-formed manner.  FIG.  15 A  and  FIG.  15 B  are schematic diagrams of the optical module. The optical module  1502  and the optical module  1506  are optical modules made in an integrally-formed manner based on the collimation unit  401  as a convex lens and the refraction unit  405  as a triangular prism, which may have the same optical function as the embodiment in  FIG.  4   , in such a way that the light  1503 ,  1507  from the pixels  1501 ,  1505  may respectively be converged and deflected by the optical modules  1502 ,  1506  with the same function as shown in  FIG.  4   . 
     Please refer to  FIG.  16 A . As shown in the figure, the collimation unit is located at one side of one of the pixels, the collimation unit  1602  has a first side and a second side relative to each other, the first side faces the display panel, the first side has a plurality of convex parts  1603  protruding to the display panel, the plurality of convex parts  1603  respectively correspond to a plurality of sub-pixels of the pixels  1601 , and the second side is a flat surface. Further, a pixel is usually formed of a plurality of sub-pixels, such as red, green, and blue sub-pixels. The number of convex lenses may be increased for one pixel to obtain finer collimated image light. In the present embodiment, the collimation unit  1602  may have three convex parts (convex lenses)  1603 , and each of the convex parts  1603  corresponds to each of the sub-pixels in the pixel  1601 , so as to converge the light  1604  from each of the sub-pixels into collimated image light. The collimated image light is then received by the refraction unit  1603  and further deflected (refracted) before being emitted. 
     Please refer to  FIG.  16 B . As shown in the figure, in the present embodiment, it is substantially the same as or similar to the embodiments as mentioned above; the main difference is that the collimation unit and one of the refraction units are integrated into an integrally-formed optical module  1606 . In the present embodiment, the optical module  1606  may have three convex parts (convex lenses), and each of the convex parts corresponds to each of the sub-pixels in the pixel  1605 , so as to converge the light  1607  of each of the sub-pixels into collimated image light, which is then further deflected (refracted) before being emitted. 
     The present disclosure provides an autostereoscopic display method, including: providing a display panel, the display panel having a plurality of pixel groups, each of the pixel groups including a plurality of pixels, and all of the pixels being arranged in an array; controlling the pixels to emit corresponding image light according to coordinate information and depth information of an object in an image; disposing a plurality of collimation units on one side of the display panel to receive the image light and converge the image light into collimated image light and then emit the collimated image light along the light-emitting direction, and each of the collimation units being located on one side of at least one of the pixels; and disposing a plurality of refraction units on one side of the plurality of collimation units relative to the display panel, so as to receive the collimated image light and refract the collimated image light into refraction image light, which is then emitted along the light-emitting direction, and each of the refraction units being located in front of at least one of the pixels on two sides of a center of the pixel group; wherein light beams of the refraction image light on two sides of the center of the pixel group are projecting in symmetrically increased oblique angles with respect to the center of the pixel group. 
     The method further includes: obtaining the coordinate information and the depth information corresponding to the object in the image according to the oblique angles of the light beams of the refraction image light of each of the pixels. 
     It should be noted that, regarding the autostereoscopic display method of the present disclosure, the detailed implementation corresponds to the autostereoscopic display device as mentioned above, so similar descriptions are not to be described herein. 
     As described above, according to the autostereoscopic display device and method of the present invention, when the image light is emitted along the light-emitting direction through the display panel, the image light can be collected into a collimated image light by a plurality of collimating units, and then refracting the collimated image light into refraction image light by the refraction unit, and emits the light along the dedicated direction, which allows the viewer to see a stereoscopic image in virtual reality without being restricted to a limited visual field. Therefore the autostereoscopic display effect is enhanced, and the user experience may be improved. 
     The above description is merely illustrative rather than restrictive. Any equivalent modifications or alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure are intended to be included in the following claims.