Patent Publication Number: US-2023146735-A1

Title: Banded papers, smoking articles and methods

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES 
     This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/828,802, filed Mar. 14, 2013, which is a continuation application of U.S. 12/153,783, filed May 23, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,925,556, issued on Jan. 6, 2015, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/064,438, filed Mar. 5, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60/935,751, filed on Aug. 29, 2007; U Provisional Patent Application 60/929,452, filed Jun. 28. 2007; U.S. Provisional Patent. Application 60/924,825, filed Jun. 1, 2007; U.S. Provisional. Patent Application 60/924,676., filed May 25, 2007; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60/924,666, filed May 24, 2007; and which is a continuation-in-part of International Patent Application No. PCT/IB2007/002118, filed Apr. 2, 2007, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60/787,540 filed Mar. 31, 2006, the entire contents of each identified application is hereby incorporated by reference 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     This disclosure relates generally to a smoking article and, more particularly, a banded wrapper for use in cigarette manufacturing, related materials., processes, and methods, Anti -wrinkling agents, specially formulated oxidized starch material, smoking articles and wrappers which exhibit a low ignition propensity and/or low self-extinguishment characteristics, and patterns for banded regions are disclosed. 
     BACKGROUND 
     As part of efforts to reduce the incidence of accidental fires resulting from untended smoking articles, various jurisdictions have imposed, are imposing, and may impose in the future limitations on the burning characteristics of smoking articles. One measure of the tendency of a smoking article to cause ignition of an underlying substrate is the ignition Propensity. value. To satisfy those increasingly common go governmental requirements, the Ignition Propensity value, or IP value, for a smoking article should preferably be no greater than about 25%. More preferably, the IP value should be no greater than about 20%; and even more preferably no greater than about 10%. Accordingly, efforts meet such limits are undertaken by various manufacturers of smoking articles. 
     Reduced IP values typically are associated with a tendency for the smoking article to self-extinguish during smoldering between puffs. Generally speaking, consumers do not like to re-light a cigarette during their smoking experience. A measure of the tendency for a smoking article to self-extinguish during, free burn has been developed and is known as the Self-Extinction value. The Self-Extinction or SE value has been found to be a useful indicia to evaluate the likelihood of consumer satisfaction for a smoking article where various techniques for IP reductions have been employed. The average Self-Extinction Average value for a smoking article should preferably be no greater than. about 80% and/or the Self-Extinction at 0 value should be no greater than about 50%, and more preferably no greater than about 25%. 
     Ignition Propensity (“IP”) 
     Ignition Propensity or IP is a standard test conducted as set forth in ASTM E 2187-04, “Standard Test. Method for Measuring the Ignition Strength of Smoking articles”, which is incorporated herein in its entirety by this reference thereto. Ignition propensity measures the probability that a smoking article, when smoldering and placed on a substrate, will generate sufficient heat to maintain smoldering of the tobacco rod. Low values for IP are desirable as such values correlate with a reduced likelihood that a smoldering smoking article, when inadvertently left unattended upon a substrate, will cause combustion in the substrate, 
     Self Extinguishment (“SE”) 
     Self-Extinguishment or SE herein is a reference to smoldering characteristics of a smoking article under free burn conditions. To evaluate SE. a laboratory test is conducted at a temperature of 23° C.±3° C. and relative humidity of 55%±5%, both of which should be monitored by a recording hygrothermograph. Exhaust hoods) remove combustion products formed during testing. Prior to testing, smoking articles to be tested are conditioned at 55% 5% relative humidity and 23° C.±3° C. for 24 hours. just prior to testing, the smoking articles are placed in glass beakers to assure free air access. 
     SE testing takes place within an enclosure or test box. A single port smoking machine or an electric lighter is used to ignite the smoking articles for the test. During testing, an apparatus or “angle holder” holds the smoking articles to be tested by holding an end at angles of 0°  (horizontal), 45°, and/or 90° (vertical). Preferably, twenty (20) smoking articles are tested at each of the 0°, 45°, and 90° positions. If more than one apparatus is used, the apparatuses are preferably positioned such that the smoking: articles face away from each other to avoid cross interference. If a smoking article goes out before the front line of the smoldering coal reaches the tipping paper, the outcome is scored as “self-extinguishment”; on the other hand, if the smoking article continues smoldering until the front line of the smoldering coal reaches the tipping paper, then the outcome is scored as “non-extinguishment”. Thus, for example, an SE value of 95% indicates that 95% of the smoking articles tested exhibited self-extinguishment under free burn conditions; while an SE value of 20% indicates that only 20% of the smoking articles tested exhibited self-extinguishment under such free bum conditions. 
     The SE value may be referred to in terms of “Self-Extinction at 0° value”, “Self-Extinction at 45° value”, or “Self-Extinction at 90° value”, each of which refers to the value of SE at the specified tested angle. In addition, the SE value may be referred to in terms of “Self-Extinction Average value”, which refers to an average of the three angular positions: namely, an average of (i) the “Self-Extinction at 0° value” (ii) the “Self-Extinction at 45° value”, and (iii) the “Self-Extinction at 90° value”. A reference to “Self-Extinction value” or “SE value” does not distinguish between SE at 0°, SE at 45°, SE at 90°, or SE average values and may refer to any One of them. 
     In execution of multi-pass printing operations, the operator will typically establish a press at the very beginning to print registration marks. Accordingly, in understanding the description herein of “first pass”, “second pass”, “third pass” and so forth, it should be understood that typically such passes will be preceded with a pass (or print station) for establishing registration marks on the paper, which marks are used to maintain desired registration from pass to pass (print-station to print-station). 
     SUMMARY 
     Embodiments herein disclosed include banded papers and smoking articles constructed from such papers, wherein the add-on material comprises an aqueous starch solution (or system) that includes an anti-wrinkling agent as disclosed herein, such that the following are achievable:
         countermeasure against tendency of the aqueous solution to create wrinkles and creases in the paper;   countermeasure against tendency of the aqueous solution to cause the paper to shrink transversely during printing operations so that print-registration can be more precisely maintained from print-station to print-station, especially in the transverse dimension of the paper;   with the aforementioned countermeasures, printing of intricate patterns on base web with aqueous add-on systems at commercially viable printing speeds becomes possible;   possibility of single pass, gravure-printed banded paper with an aqueous solution when coupled with sufficient drying capabilities;   more precise multi-pass printing of banded paper with an aqueous solution; and   improved stability of the solution, including a longer operational shelf-life. which reduces costs and waste during printing operations.       

     In addition there are teachings Herein of embodiments that include banded papers and smoking articles constructed from such papers, wherein the add-on material comprises an aqueous, preferably starch solution that includes a chalk content sufficient to abate the tendency of the banded paper to cause self-extinguishments and to enhance appearance of the product to a consumer. Further teachings include embodiments which include features and provision for maintaining capability to machine vision inspect the banded paper during printing operations, despite the presence of the chalk content in the add-on material. 
     Furthermore, there are teachings herein of embodiments that include banded papers and smoking articles constructed from such papers, wherein the bands are established according to patters which help abate the statistical occurrences of self-extinguishments (SE) while maintaining desired IP performance. 
     In accordance with one aspect of this disclosure, a wrapper paper for a smoking article may have a base web to which add-on material is applied in a pattern using an aqueous starch solution that includes an anti-wrinkling agent. The wrapper paper may include regions of add-on material that include starch at about 1.5 gsm and 1,2 propylene glycol in the range of about 0.36 to about 0.90 gsm. As desired, the add-on material may also it de chalk or calcium carbonate in the range of about 0,64 to about 1.2 gsm. 
     In accordance with another aspect of this disclosure, a smoking article may include tobacco and a wrapper paper where the wrapper paper includes a pattern of add-on material applied as an aqueous starch solution containing an anti-wrinkling agent. 
     Another aspect of this disclosure involves a method of making or preparing a patterned wrapper paper by establishing a supply supplying of an aqueous starch solution incorporating an anti-wrinkling agent to a printing station through which a base web is passed so that the pattern can be applied using the aqueous starch solution. 
     Further aspects of this disclosure involve, without limitation, patterns for the add-on material, characteristics of the constituents of the add-on material. Further, the disclosure relates to resulting features of the smoking article including without limitation ignition propensity and self-extinction characteristics. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Many objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the an when this specification is read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals are applied to like elements and wherein: 
         FIG.  1    is a schematic perspective view of a smoking article according to this disclosure 
         FIG.  2    is a schematic view of a wrapper paper according to this disclosure:, 
         FIG.  3    is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view taken along the line 3-3 of  FIG.  2   ; 
         FIGS.  4 A- 4 G  are a mosaic of photomicrographs taken of actual wrapper with two layers of add-on material;  FIGS.  4 A- 4 G  join one another at the indicated match lines; 
         FIG.  5    is a schematic view of wrapper according to another embodiment of this disclosure; 
         FIG.  6    is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view taken along the line 6-6 of FIG. 
         FIG.  7    is a schematic view of wrapper according to a flintier embodiment of this disclosure; 
         FIG.  8    is a schematic view of wrapper according to yet another embodiment of this disclosure; 
         FIG.  9    is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line 9-9 of  FIG.  2   ; 
         FIG  10   . is a schematic cross-sectional view, similar to  FIG.  9   , of a multi-layer band construction; 
         FIG.  11    is a schematic view of a wrapper having longitudinally extending, banded regions; 
         FIG.  12    illustrates a plan view of a wrapper for making a tobacco rod with helical, longitudinal, banded regions; 
         FIG.  13    is a perspective view of still another embodiment of a smoking article according to this disclosure; 
         FIG.  14    is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the smoking article positioned substrate and illustrating airflow to a smoldering coal; 
         FIG.  15    is an enlarged cross sectional view of the smoking article removed from the substrate and illustrating airflow to a smoldering coal; 
         FIG.  16    is a perspective view of a smoking article in accordance with another embodiment; 
         FIG.  17    is an enlarged plan view of an unwrapped portion of wrapper used in t construction. of the smoking article of FIG. 16; 
         FIG.  18    is an enlarged plan view of a wrapper for the smoking article illustrating, another quadrilateral pattern; 
         FIG.  19    is an enlarged plan view of a wrapper for the smoking article illustrating a further quadrilateral pattern; 
         FIG.  20    is an enlarged plan view of a wrapper for the smoking article, illustrating a still another quadrilateral pattern; 
         FIG.  21    is an enlarged plan view of a wrapper fix the smoking article, illustrating a triangular pattern; 
         FIG.  22    is a side view of the smoking article using the wrapper of  FIG.  18    with the smoking article on a substrate and oriented so that a first side portion of the smoking article contacts a substrate; 
         FIG.  23    is a side view of the smoking using the wrapper of  FIG.  18    with the smoking article on a substrate and oriented so that a second side portion of the smoking article contacts the substrate; 
         FIG.  24    is a side view of the s noting article using the wrapper of  FIG.  18    with the smoking article on the substrate and oriented so that a third side portion of the smoking article contacts the substrate; 
         FIG.  25    is a cross-sectional view of the smoking article taken along line 25-25 of  FIG.  22   ; 
         FIG.  26    is a cross-sectional view of the smoking article taken along line 26-26 of  FIG.  22   ; 
         FIG.  2 . 7    is a cross-sectional view of the smoking article taken along line 27-27 of  FIG.  22   ; 
         FIG.  28    is an embodiment with axially slit banded regions; 
         FIG.  29    is a partial cross sectional view taken along the line 29-29 of  FIG.  28   ; 
         FIG.  30    is an embodiment with two axial slits in the banded regions; 
         FIG.  31    is a partial cross-sectional view taken along the line 31-31 of  FIG.  30   ; 
         FIG.  32    is an embodiment with an axially slit banded region; 
         FIG.  33    is a partial cross-sectional view taken along the line 33-33 of  FIG.  32   ; 
         FIG.  34    is a side elevation view of another embodiment f a smoking article according to this disclosure: 
         FIG.  35    is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view taken along the line 35-35 of  FIG.  34   ; 
         FIG.  36    is a side elevation view of a further embodiment of a smoking article according to this disclosure; 
         FIG.  37    is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view taken along line 37-37 of  FIG.  36   ; 
         FIG.  38    is an enlarged partial, cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment, similar to  FIG.  31   ; 
         FIG.  39    is a perspective view of another embodiment of a smoking article according to this disclosure; 
         FIG.  40    is a partial plan view of the wrapper of another embodiment; 
         FIG.  41    is a perspective view of a further embodiment of a smoking article according to this disclosure; 
         FIG.  42    is a side elevation view of a still another embodiment of a smoking article according to this disclosure:, 
         FIG.  43    is a side elevation view of a yet still another embodiment of a smoking article according to this disclosure; 
         FIG.  44    illustrates an embodiment of a smoking article comprising helical longitudinally banded regions and a helical angle β of about arctangent (2 I/C), where I is the length of the tobacco rod and C is the circumference of the smoking article as described herein; 
         FIG.  45    illustrates an embodiment of a smoking article comprising helical longitudinally banded regions and a helical angle β of about arctangent (4 I/C) as described herein; 
         FIG.  46    illustrates an embodiment of a smoking article comprising helical longitudinally banded regions and a helical angle β of about arctangent (I/C) as described herein; 
         FIG.  47    illustrates a plan view of a wrapper for making a tobacco rod with longitudinally handed regions; 
         FIG.  48    illustrates an embodiment of a smoking article comprising longitudinally banded regions parallel to a longitudinal axis of the smoking article as described herein; 
         FIG.  49    is a perspective view of a smoking article according to this disclosure; 
         FIG.  50    is a schematic view of a wrapper having a crenellated banded region; 
         FIG.  51    is a schematic view of a wrapper having another embodiment of a crenellated banded region; 
         FIG.  52    is a schematic view of a wrapper having a farther embodiment of a crenellated banded region; 
         FIG.  53    is a schematic view of a wrapper having a yet another embodiment of a crenellated banded region; 
         FIG.  54    is a schematic view of a wrapper having a still further embodiment of a crenellated banded region; 
         FIG.  55    is a schematic view of a wrapper having another embodiment of a crenellated banded region; 
         FIG.  55    is a schematic view of a wrapper having another embodiment of a crenellated banded region; 
         FIG.  57    is a schematic view of a wrapper having a another embodiment of a crenellated banded region; 
         FIG.  58    is a cross-sectional view of a smoking article comprising another embodiment of longitudinally banded regions as described herein; 
         FIG.  59    is a schematic view of a gravure printing process suitable for producing embodiments of print banded wrapper as disclosed herein; and 
         FIG.  50    is a collection of photographs showing the effect of anti-wrinkling agents on wrapper paper. 
     
    
    
     BACKGROUND DEFINITIONS 
     Referring to  FIG.  1   , his disclosure concerns a smoking article  120 , such as a cigarette, which preferably comprises a tobacco rod  122  and a filter  132  attached to the tobacco rod  122  with tipping paper  132 . Preferably, the tobacco rod  122  comprises a column of shredded tobacco (“cut filler”) and a wrapper  123  disposed about the column of tobacco, which wrapper  123  is constructed in accordance with teachings which follow. The tobacco rod  122  has a lightable or lit end  124  and a tipped end  130  (which in the case of non-filtered cigarettes, is referenced as the mouth end  130  of the cigarette  120 ). Cut filler tobacco, is an industry-standard designation. Further, the tobacco rod  122  typically has a generally circular cross section, although other oval cross section and other shapes are within the scope of this disclosure. The wrapper is sealed along a longitudinal seam to form the tobacco rod  122 . 
     The tobacco rod has a nominal length measured from the edge  131  of the tipping paper to the free end of the tobacco rod along a longitudinal axis of smoking article. By way of example, that nominal length may lie in the range of about 60 to about 100 mm. 
     The “wrapper” paper  123  (see  FIG.  2   ) typically includes a “base web”  140  that may be made from flax, wood pulp, cellulose fiber, or the like, and may have a plurality of banded regions  126  applied to one or both sides. Preferably, the banded region  126  is applied to the inside of the wrapper  123  in the sense of how the wrapper  123  surrounds a column of tobacco in the tobacco rod  122 . 
     In the manufacture of base web suited for the construction of the various embodiments of print banded paper disclosed herein, such manufacture usually will include the production of a roll of base web of several feet across (usually about 3 feet across or in transverse dimension), which is then slit into bobbins. Printing operations are preferably conducted on the rolls, but could be conducted after slitting. Preferably, the bobbins themselves will have a transverse dimension equivalent to the width needed to make tobacco rods  122  or an integral number of such widths (e.g., 1, 2, or 4 of such widths). The bobbins are adapted for use with typical cigarette making machines. The wrapper preferably has a dimension in cross-direction that takes into account the nominal circumference of the tobacco rod and an overlapping seam. As a result, when the wrapper is slit, the smoking article formed therefrom always has a longitudinal seam with an exact overlap. 
     For purposes of this disclosure, “longitudinal” refers to the direction along the length of a tobacco rod (e, g., along the axis  134  in  FIG.  1   ), or along the length of a base web  140  (e.g., arrow  142  in  FIG.  2   ) used in the preparation of wrapper that, in turn, play be used to fabricate a tobacco rod. 
     For purposes of this disclosure, “transverse” refers to the direction circumferentially around a tobacco rod  122  (see  FIG.  1   ), or transversely of a base web  140  (e.g., arrow . 144  in  FIG.  2   ) used in the preparation of wrapper that, in turn, may be used to fabricate a tobacco rod. 
     For purposes of this disclosure, a “banded region” or “zone” is an area  120  (see  FIG.  2   ) on an underlying base web  140  to which an add-on material has been applied. The banded region typically exhibits a two-dimensional pattern or array on the base web  140 . More specifically, the pattern or array may comprise repeating units in the longitudinal direction  142  of the base web  140 . repeating units in the transverse direction  144  of the base web  123 , and or units which repeat in both the transverse  144  and longitudinal  142  directions of the base web  140 . The regions  126  of add-on material are applied to the wrapper  123  to obtain satisfactory or improved Ignition Propensity (“IP”) characteristics and may also obtain improved Self-Extinguishment (“SE”) characteristics. 
     The regions  126  of add-on material are spaced along the base web  140  such that at least one region of add-on material  126  is positioned between the First and second ends  128 ,  130  of the tobacco rod  122  in each finished smoking article, but more preferably at least two regions of add-on material appear on the tobacco rod  122 . The region  120  of add-on material preferably extends in the circumferential direction at one or more spaced locations along the axis  134 , extending around the tobacco rod  122  of the smoking ankle  120 . While the region  126  of add-on material is depicted in this disclosure as being substantially continuous in its circumferential direction, other configurations for the add-on material are within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. 
     It is noted for sake of convention that, in describing dimensions of various embodiments herein, that band or zone “width” extends in a longitudinal direction  134  (see  FIG.  1   ) of the tobacco rod  122 , whereas a dimension in the circumferential direction will be expressed as “circumferential” or “ transverse” or “in cross-direction.” 
     Where the banded region  126  extends transversely of the base web  140  (or circumferentially around a tobacco rod), the “width” of the banded region  126  is measured in the longitudinal direction  142  from the leading edge  146  to the trailing edge  148  and is preferably lies in the range of from about 5 to about 9 mm (from the leading edge  146  to the trailing edge  148 ), more preferably from about 5.5 to about 7.5 mm, and even more preferably from about 6 to about 7 mm. Further, banded regions may have a 27 mm “phase” (i.e., the spacing from the leading edge  146  of one banded region.  126  to the leading edge  145  of the next adjacent banded region  126 ). Preferably, the banded regions of add-on material reduce permeability of the wrapper to the range of from about 0 to about 12 CORESTA, more preferably the range of from about 0 to about 10 CORESTA. 
     For purposes of this disclosure, “band spacing” refers to the distance between the trailing edge  148  of one banded region  126  and the leading edge  146  of an adjacent banded region  126  on the base web  140  from which a wrapper is fashioned. 
     As used herein, the phrase “leading edge” refers to the edge  146  (see  FIG.  1   ) of a banded region  126  that is closest to an approaching coal during smoldering of a smoking article  120  whose wrapper  123  contains the banded region  126 , while the phrase “trailing edge” refers to the edge  148  of a banded region  126  that is farthest from an approaching coal during smoldering of a smoking article  120  whose wrapper  123  contains the banded region 126 . In crenellated embodiments, the overall width “W” of the banded region is measured from the farthest forward extent of the leading edge to the farthest trailing extent of the trailing edge, as is illustrated in  FIG.  6    with the width “W”. 
     As used herein, the term “crenellated” refers to a pattern of multiple, spaced, geometrically shaped spaces removed from an otherwise substantially continuous solid banded region  126 . A crenellated pattern or band can also be described as notched or appearing similar to a pulse wave. As used herein, “crenels” refer to openings, or valleys, in a crenellated edge, while “merlons” refer to raised portions, or plateaus of a crenellated edge, between crenels. The term “undulating” as used herein includes a crenellated edge as well as broader geometric shapes that exhibit a increasing and decreasing width characteristics. 
     For purposes of this disclosure, “layer” refers to a quantity of add-on material applied to a base web from which a wrapper is fabricated. A banded region  126  may be fashioned from one or More layers  150 ,  152  (see  FIG.  3   ) that may be superimposed on one another. Each banded region  126  may be formed by applying one or more “layers”  150 ,  152  of an aqueous film forming composition to the base web  140  of the wrapper to reduce the permeability of the paper in the corresponding banded region. Alternatively, a cellulose material may also he used to form the banded regions. 
     Where a film-forming composition is used, that “film-forming composition” preferably may include water and a high concentration of an occluding agent, e.g., 14% to about 50% by weight. The film-forming compound can include one or more occluding agents such as starch, alginate, cellulose or gum and may also include calcium carbonate as a filler. Further, the film-forming composition preferably includes an anti-wrinkling agent. Where starch is the film-forming compound, a concentration of about 14% to about 26% may be particularly advantageous, and a concentration of about 16% is presently most. preferred, 
     An “anti-wrinkling agent” is a material which inhibits transverse shrinkage of the base web  140  (see  FIG.  2   ) during printing or other conversion operations. A suitable anti-wrinkling agent may be selected from the group consisting of 1,2 propylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, and starch plasticizing agents. 
     The film-forming composition may be applied to the base web of the wrapper  140  using conversion technologies such as gravure printing, digital printing, coating or spraying using a template, or any other suitable technique, if desired, the banded regions  126  of add-on material can be formed by printing multiple, successive layers, e.g., two or more successive layers registered or aligned with one another. Given the tolerances in gravure printing equipment, for example, adjacent layers are considered to be in registry where their respective overlying edges are within about 0.4 mm of one another when measured in either the longitudinal or transverse direction of the base web  140 . Furthermore, when layers are used to form the banded regions of add-on material, the material in adjacent layers may be the same or different. For example, one layer may be starch while the next layer may be starch and calcium carbonate. 
     When discussing application rates for add-on material applied using gravure printing techniques, often use values with “X” as a suffix to refer to a volumetric application rate. The table below sets out the volumetric equivalents for “X” in terms of billion cubic microns, or “BCM”: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Volume 
                 BCM 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 0.5X 
                 3.4 
               
               
                   
                 1.0X 
                 4.6 
               
               
                   
                 1.5X 
                 6.8 
               
               
                   
                 2.0X 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                 2.5X 
                 10.7 
               
               
                   
                 3.0X 
                 12.3 
               
               
                   
                 3.5X 
                 13.6 
               
               
                   
                 4.0X 
                 17.8 
               
               
                   
                 4.5X 
                 19.9 
               
               
                   
                 5.0X 
                 22.4 
               
               
                   
                 5.5X 
                 24.7 
               
               
                   
                 6.0X 
                 27.8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     In this specification, the unit of measurement for basis weight, gram(s) per square meter, is abbreviated as “gm”. 
     When the phrase “weight ratio” is used herein with respect to the starch component of a starch solution, the “weight ratio” is the ratio of the weight of the additional material compared to the weight of starch used to prepare the starch solution. Moreover, for purposes of this disclosure, references to an “X % starch solution” refer to an aqueous starch solution in which the starch weight is X % of the solution weight (e.g. weight of starch divided by the sum of starch weight and aqueous component weight). 
     The wrapper includes a base web which typically is permeable to air. Permeability of wrapper is typically identified in CORESTA units. A CORESTA unit measures paper permeability m terms of volumetric flow rate (i.e., cm 3 /sec) per unit area (i.e., cm 2 ) per unit pressure drop (i.e., cm of water). The base web of conventional wrapper also has well-known basis weights, measured in grams per square meter, abbreviated as “gsm”. The permeability and basis weight for the base web of typical smoking article papers commonly used in the industry are set out in the table below: 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Permeability, CORESTA units 
                 Basis Weight, gsm 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
                 24 
                 25 
               
               
                   
                 33 
                 25 
               
               
                   
                 46 
                 25 
               
               
                   
                 60 
                 26 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     For purposes of this description, the base web of a preferred wrapper has a permeability of at least about 20 CORESTA units. Most preferably, the wrapper has a permeability greater than about 30 CORESTA, such as common base webs having nominal permeabilities of about 33 and about 46 CORESTA with a basis weight of about 25 gsm. For some applications, the base web may, have a permeability of greater than about 60 CORESTA, or greater than about  80  CORESTA, or even higher permeability values. 
     Schematic vs. Actual Depictions 
     Depictions of cross sections taken through a banded paper, such as  FIG.  3   , are believed to be useful schematic representations of a paper web having banded regions fashioned from one or more layered applications, and of the application processes by which such banded papers are fabricated. However, such schematic representations do not accurately depict the reality of the cross-section base web structures, or the reality of the cross-section of base web structures to which one or more layers of add-on material have been applied, or the reality of the cross-section of those layers of add-on material, in the final banded paper product. 
     More particularly,  FIGS.  4 A- 4 G  are a mosaic of photomicrographs taken of a cross-section of a handed wrapper of the type discussed above and elsewhere in this disclosure. The photomicrographs of  FIGS.  4 A- 4 G  cover an actual length of wrapper measuring about 2.1 mm in length, to which add-on material has been applied in two layers—one layer containing starch and calcium carbonate, and one layer having starch but no calcium carbonate. Match lines are applied to the different sheets of the  FIGS.  4 A- 4 G  mosaic so that the relationship between different portions of  FIGS.  4 A- 4 G  are readily apparent. 
     The individual photomicrographs of  FIGS.  4 A- 4 G  enlarge the actual paper sample 2500 times. Procedurally, actual banded paper was cut into sections several millimeters long and embedded into Spurr™ epoxy. The embedded paper was then cut into 5 μm (micrometers) thick cross sections using a Leica Ultracut UCR Ultramierotome equipped with a glass knife. The sample was mounted on a carbon adhesive disk attached to an aluminum stub, and sputter coated with 15 nm (nanometers) of Au—Pd using a Cressington 208HR Sputter Coater operating in argon. The sample was imaged in adjacent overlapping portions using an FEI XL30 Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) operating at 15 kV in Hi-Vac mode. 
       FIGS.  4 A,  4 B  depict a portion of the, base web  140  which is free of any add-on material. The base web  140  includes a multiplicity of randomly dispersed, light areas (e.g.,  160 ) which represent calcium carbonate particles incorporated into the base web during paper formation. The base web  140  also includes a multiplicity of darker shapes  162  some of which are elongated, others of being rounded, which are cuts through fibers used in the paper making process. The base web  140  has a pair of surfaces  161 ,  163 , that can be characterized as having random roughness at this level of magnification, and having both calcium carbonate particles and fibers randomly distributed along the surface regions. The base web  140  itself exhibits a thickness which, at best, may also be characterized as random, but having some statistically average or nominal value. 
     When the first portion or layer of add-on material  164  is applied (see  FIG.  4 C ), the add-on material shows on the surface of the base web  140  due principally to the presence of chalk (or calcium carbonate) in the material. In the sample which has been magnified in  FIGS.  4 A- 4 G , the second portion or layer of add-on material  166  is applied (see  FIG.  4 C ) on the surface of the base web  140  and is positioned on the first layer  164 . The second layer  166  begins at about the location  168  ( FIG.  4 C ). While it appears that the second layer  166  is not aligned so as to start at the same location as the first layer  164 , the tolerances involved in application techniques such as printing effectively do not allow the layers to be controlled within a tolerance of any less than about 0.3 mm. From the scale of magnification shown on the images of the  FIGS.  4 A- 4 G  mosaic, the distance between the beginning of the first layer and the beginning of the second layer is about 0.12 mm—a distance well within the minimum tolerance noted above. 
     Examining the first layer as it extends across  FIGS.  4 C- 4 G , several observations can be made about the first layer  164  containing starch and calcium carbonate: 
     (i) the layer  164  is not continuous in the direction of the base web  140 :, 
     (ii) the layer  164  does not have uniform thickness; 
     (iii) the layer  164  has non-uniform thickness; 
     (iv) the layer  164  does not have a smooth surface; and 
     (v) the actual thickness of the first layer  164  can be greater than the actual thickness of the second layer  166 , even though the second. layer is usually thicker than the first layer. 
     A similar examination of the second layer  166 , which does not include starch, as that layer extends across  FIGS.  4 C- 4 G  permits several similar observations: 
     (i) the second layer  166  is not continuous in the direction of the base web  140 ; 
     (ii) the second layer  1 . 66  does not ha e a uniform thickness; 
     (iii) the second layer  166  has a non-uniform thickness; 
     (iv) the second layer  166  tends to have a smooth surface, but the base web (paper) has areas—e.g.,  170  ( FIG.  4   .D),  172 ,  174  ( FIG.  4 E ), and  176  ( FIG.  4 F )—which are devoid of the add-on material constituting the second layer  166 . 
     Differences such as those discussed above demonstrate that the schematic descriptions of paper with one or more layers of add-on material are at significant variance with the real world results of applying one or more layers of add-on material to a base web  140 . Accordingly, while the schematic representations of add-on layers fairly show the process application rates, as might be used as a guide to etch application zones of a gravure print cylinder or the like, those schematic representations do accurately represent the structure of the finished wrapper prepared by applying one or more layers of add-on material to a base web. 
     An Illustrative Embodiment—Solid sand Pattern 
     Referring now to  FIG.  10   , in a presently preferred embodiment of multi-layered application of add-on material to construct a solid band configuration from a multi-application of add-on, material and having a band width in the range of approximately 6 to 7 mm. A first layer  210  of the band may be applied at a rate of 4X and may comprise an aqueous solution containing approximately 16% starch, 60% chalk or calcium carbonate, and 60% 1,2 propylene glycol. The second layer  212  may be applied as a smaller rate of 3.5X and may comprise the same solution as the first layer. The third layer  214  may be applied at an even lower rate of  3 X and may comprise an aqueous solution containing 16% starch, and 60% 1,2 propylene glycol. In this formulation, the 60% value for starch and propylene glycol means that the weight of those components is included at 60% of the weight of the starch in the aqueous solution. After the various layers have dried, the resulting base web has regions of add-on material in which starch is present at about 1.5 gsm, 1,2 propylene glycol is present in the range of about 0.36 to about 0.90 gsm, and calcium carbonate is present in the range of about 0.64 to about 12 gsm. 
     With inclusion of the propylene glycol in this embodiment as described, one may achieve the associated advantages summarized above (in the Summary) and detailed further in the description which follows. 
     With inclusion of the chalk in this embodiment as described, one may abate the tendency of the banded paper cigarettes to self-extinguish, enhance appearance of the product to a consumer and achieve these and other associated advantages summarized above (in the Summary) and detailed further in the description which follows. 
     Likewise, with application of a third layer  214  using a composition of little or no chalk content, machine vision inspection of banded paper during printing operations is made possible and practicable, despite the presence of the chalk content in the add-on material of first and second layers  210  and  212 . This feature contribute to these and other associated advantages as summarized above (in the summary) and detailed further in the description which follows. 
     It is also to be appreciated that with the solid band construction as described in reference to  FIG.  10    one achieves a wrapper which is capable of contributing a desirable IP performance, including in many applications, an IP performance of at or about zero ( 0 ), 
     Difficulties Encountered with Applying Aqueous. Preferably Starch. Add-On Solutions 
     There are advantages with the concept of using aqueous starch solutions as add-on material for making banded wrapper to control IP characteristics of smoking articles manufactured using such banded wrapper. However, the application of aqueous starch solutions to a base web creates difficulties For example, aqueous starch solutions have a tendency to penetrate the irregular, rough, and porous surface of the base web  140 , and a tendency to cause transverse shrinking of the base web in the vicinity of the banded regions. As to the last point, it has been observed that when applying an aqueous starch solution to a base web about 36 inch in transverse dimension, the web may shrink about from 0.50 inch to 0.75 inch or more upon drying. This degree of shrinking would frustrate maintaining proper registration through printing and other conversion operations. 
     Since shrinkage is localized to the banded regions, the transverse width of the base web in the space between adjacent banded regions: is greater than the transverse width of the base web in the banded regions. That disparity in transverse width gives rise to transverse waviness in the base web in those spaces between banded regions. 
     Such waviness in the wrapper adversely affects both the subsequent handling of the wrapper and the manufacture of smoking articles from the wrapper. For example, when wrapper with waviness is wound on a spool, or slit and wound on bobbins, the winding process flattens the waviness causing creases in the wrapper. When the creased wrapper is used to manufacture smoking articles, thole creases in the wrapper are carried into the smoking articles resulting in visually unacceptable smoking articles. 
     Anti-Wrinkling Agent 
     Surprisingly, applicants have discovered that the inclusion of an anti-wrinkling agent (preferably, such a propylene glycol) M an aqueous starch solution used to make banded wrapper in a manner consistent with the teaching herein can reduce transverse shrinkage to operationally manageable levels, alleviate pronounced wrinkling and essentially eliminate creasing problems that first presented themselves. Inclusion of an anti-wrinkling agent has been found to have additional benefits, too For example, when an anti-wrinkling agent is incorporated into the aqueous starch solution, the anti-wrinkling agent functions as a plasticizer so that the starch is more elastic during the drying process and in the finished paper. Cracking and flaking at banded regions was alleviated. In addition, the presence of the anti-wrinkling agent appears to cause the starch solution to reside more on the surface of the base web with less penetration into that material, and thus enhance film formation. Shrinkage of the wrapper in the vicinity of banded regions formed from an aqueous starch solution that includes an anti-wrinkling agent has been observed to be in the range of about 0.0625 to 0.125 inch for a  36  inch wide base web—a range which does not result in creasing nor excessive waviness. Further, inclusion of an anti-wrinkling agent in the aqueous starch solution has been found to make possible the application of add-on material to be applied to the base web in a single application, printing pass, or the like, provided that sufficient drying capability is established with such practices. Moreover, the inclusion of an anti-wrinkling agent in the aqueous starch solution to be applied in patterns exhibiting more intricacy than solid band regions, because print registration can be more precisely maintained from print station to print station. In addition, the pot life of the aqueous starch solution is materially improved by the inclusion of an anti-wrinkling agent as disclosed herein. 
     The foregoing advantages will be better understood by those skilled in the art from the following teachings. Referring now to  FIG.  2   , the regions  126  of add-on material determine and regulate the IP and SE characteristics of the smoking article. Those regions  126  of add-on material are applied to a base web  140  (see  FIG.  2   ) of the wrapper  123  and then formed into a tobacco rod in conventional cigarette making equipment. Nominal permeability of the base web  140  may be in the range of about 25 to about 100 CORESTA. Currently, the preferred nominal permeability of the base web lies in the range of about 33 to about 65 CORESTA, with the most preferred nominal permeabilities being about 33 and about 60. The base web  140  has a longitudinal direction  142  extending along the length of the wrapper  123  and transverse direction  144  extending transversely across of the wrapper  123  so as to be generally perpendicular or transverse to the longitudinal direction  142 . 
     Those regions  126  of add-on material may be applied to the base web  140  preferably by a printing technique. While one or more printing technique (selected from the group consisting of direct printing, offset printing, inkjet printing, gravure printing, and the like) may be used to apply the region  126 , preferably a gravure printing be used. Gravure printing provided ample control over deposition rates, deposition patterns, and the like, and is suitable for high-speed printing on the base web  140 . For purposes of this disclosure, “high-speed” printing refers to printing processes where the base web  140  advances through the printing process at a linear speed greater than. about 300 feet/min. For cigarette manufacturing purposes, base web printing speeds greater than 450 feet/min, are preferred, and speeds greater than 500 feet/minute or more are even more preferred. In this regard, the rates of deposition for add-on material, as well as the quality of the pattern of deposited add-on material, can vary considerably when wrapper prepared by high-speed printing processes is compared with wrapper prepared by low-speed printing processes. Higher-speed printing operations can achieve both desirable IP values (performance) and desired SE values (performance). 
     Remarkably, it has been found that a base web may be converted (printed) to include bands in accordance with the embodiment described with reference to  FIG.  10    at  1000  feet per minute, with acceptable paper appearance (i.e., without quality defects) and without elevated or unacceptable statistical occurrences of creases or wrinkles. 
     One object of this description is to provide wrappers  123  (see  FIG.  2   ) produced at commercial-scale high-speed which, when formed into a tobacco rod, exhibit IP values no greater than 25% and SE values no greater than 50%. Accordingly, deposit rates acid characteristics of the resulting printed regions are important features of high-speed printing here. While those IP and SE values are considered to be adequate at this time, even more preferred is an IP value for the resulting smoking article no greater than about 15%; and the most preferred IP value for the resulting smoking article is no greater than about 10%. Lower SE values are also desired. In this connection, a more preferred SE value is less than about 25%; while the most preferred SE value is less than about 10%. 
     The materials used for the regions of add-on material can be important in the IP and SE performance of a smoking article manufactured using the wrapper discussed herein. In one embodiment, the regions of add-on material may be printed with a starch solution that includes an anti-wrinkling agent. While an aqueous starch solution is presently preferred as the aqueous component is readily dried, use of a non-aqueous starch solution is also within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. In another embodiment, the regions of add-on material may be printed with a solution comprising a mixture of calcium carbonate (or chalk) particles, starch, and an anti-wrinkling agent. As with the starch and anti-wrinkling agent solution, the solution comprising a mixture of calcium carbonate (or chalk) particles, starch, and an anti-wrinkling agent preferably is applied as an aqueous solution, but a non-aqueous solution also fills within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. 
     This disclosure contemplates that various anti-wrinkling agents are suitable to attain the desired characteristics described herein. In particular, the anti-wrinkling agent is selected from the group consisting of glycerin, propylene glycol, and 1,2 propylene Glycerin is a preferred member of the anti-wrinkling agent group. Presently, however, 1,2 propylene glycol is the most preferred member of the anti-wrinkling agent group. 
     Generally speaking, this disclosure contemplates that either (i) an ant-wrinkling agent or (i) a combination of anti-wrinkling agent and calcium carbonate will be added to a nominal aqueous starch solution to obtain the add-on solution to be used for printing. For the nominal aqueous starch solutions used in this description, the starch may comprise from about 10% to about 28%, by weight, of the nominal solution. Preferably, the starch may comprise from about 14% to about 26%, by weight of the nominal solution. Most preferably, starch may comprise about 16%, by weight, of the nominal solution. 
     An anti-wrinkling agent is preferably added to the nominal starch solution, with the weight of the anti-wrinkling agent being in the range of about 10% to about 120% of the weight of the starch in the nominal starch solution When the anti-wrinkling agent is 1,2 propylene glycol, the weight of the anti-wrinkling agent is more preferably in the range of about 40% to about 120% of the weight of the starch in the nominal starch solution; even more preferably in the range of about 40% to about 80%; and most preferably in the range of about 55% to about 65%. Where the anti-wrinkling agent is glycerin, the weight of the anti-wrinkling agent is more preferably in the range of about 10% to about 45% of the weight of the starch in the nominal starch solution; even more preferably in the range of about 20% to about 40%; and most preferably about 20% to about 30%. Where glycerin is used as the anti-wrinkling agent at about 40 to about 45%, the glycerin appears to adversely affect the drying quality of the add-on solution. 
     EXAMPLES 
     The following illustrative, non-limiting examples are intended to provide further explanation. The results provided in Tables I and II compare the initial viscosity and time stability of a printing solution without an anti-wrinkling agent additive and to the initial viscosity and time stability of a printing solution with an anti-wrinkling agent additive. The observations recorded in Table I (for 1,2 propylene glycol) and Table II (for glycerin) show that a printing solution containing an anti-wrinkling agent such as 1,2 propylene glycol or glycerin is less viscous initially and more stable in that it has a lower viscosity for a much longer period of time. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE I 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Viscosity of 24% starch 
               
               
                   
                 Viscosity of 24% starch 
                 solution + 80% CaCO 3  + 100% 
               
               
                   
                 solution + 80% CaCO 3   1   
                 1,2 propylene glycol 2   
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Day 1 
                 65 centipoises (cp) 
                 50 
               
               
                 Day 2 
                 71 
                 51 
               
               
                 Day 3 
                 77 
                 50 
               
               
                 Day 4 
                 88 
                 — 
               
               
                 Day 6 
                 — 
                 52 
               
               
                 Day 7 
                 147  
                 58 
               
               
                 Day 8 
                 — 
                 61 
               
               
                 Day 9 
                 — 
                 66 
               
               
                 Day 10 
                 225  
                 70 
               
               
                 Day 16 
                 — 
                 114  
               
               
                   
               
               
                   1 CaCO 3  added to a solution of 24% dry starch in water; ratio by weight of added CaCO 3  to dry starch present in the solution is 0.8:1.0. 
               
               
                   2 CaCO 3  added to a solution of 24% dry starch in water; ratio by weight of added 1,2 propylene glycol to added CaCO 3  to dry starch present in the solution is 1.0:0.8; 1.0. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
                 TABLE II 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Viscosity of 20% starch 
                 Viscosity of 20% starch 
               
               
                   
                 solution + CaCO 3   1   
                 solution + CaCO 3  + glycerin 2   
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
            
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
            
               
                 Day 1 
                 51 centipoises (cp) 
                 41 cp 
               
               
                 Day 2 
                 50 cp 
                 — 
               
               
                 Day 5 
                 66 cp 
                 52 cp 
               
               
                 Day 6 
                 78 cp 
                 — 
               
               
                 Day 7 
                 102 cp  
                 — 
               
               
                 Day 8 
                 — 
                 55 cp 
               
               
                 Day 12 
                 — 
                 62 cp 
               
               
                 Day 14 
                 — 
                 72 cp 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   1 CaCO 3  added to a solution of 20% dry starch in water; ratio by weight of added CaCO 3  to dry starch present in the solution is 1:1. 
               
               
                   2 CaCO 3  and glycerin added to a solution of 20% dry starch in water; the ratio by weight of added glycerin to added CaCO 3  to dry starch present in the solution is 1:5:5. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The foregoing Tables demons rate that the useful shelf-life of the printing solution using anti-wrinkling agent, as measured by its viscosity, essentially doubles the shelf-life of a printing solution without the anti-wrinkling agent. The addition of an anti-wrinkling agent in the material applied to the add-on regions thus improves theological properties of the printing solution used to form the regions of add-on material. 
     When the add-on material is applied with a printing technique, viscosity of the applied material is important. Where the viscosity of the applied material increases over time, the add-on material has a finite shelf life, or pot life, after which the material loses its usefulness, As Table I demonstrates, with the addition of an anti-wrinkling agent to the applied material formulation, the initial viscosity of add-on material can be reduced by about 20%. Moreover, the shelf life, or pot life, of the add-on material increases by a factor of at least two or more compared to material not having an anti-wrinkling agent. 
     The results provided in Tables III and IV indicate that addition of an anti-wrinkling agent to the printing solution reduces free-burn SE without unacceptably affecting IP performance (i.e., while maintaining an acceptable IP levels). For purposes of the information presented in Table III, batches of 40 cigarettes were tested to obtain the IP performance, while batches of 20 cigarettes were tested at each angular position to Obtain the SE performance. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE III 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Print solution with 22% Starch + 100% 
               
               
                 1,2 propylene Glycol 1  + CaCO 3   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Width, 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 CaCO 3  % 
                 mm 
                 IP % 
                 SE(0°) 
                 SE(45°) 
                 SE(90°) 
                 SE(Avg) 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 40 
                 7 
                 0 
                 40 
                 85 
                 100 
                 75 
               
               
                   
                 7 
                 0 
                 35 
                 90 
                 100 
                 75 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 0 
                 75 
                 100 
                 100 
                 92 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 5 
                 0 
                 60 
                 100 
                 53 
               
               
                 60 
                 7 
                 0 
                 10 
                 80 
                 100 
                 63 
               
               
                   
                 7 
                 0 
                 10 
                 75 
                 95 
                 60 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 5 
                 25 
                 85 
                 100 
                 70 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 10 
                 5 
                 40 
                 50 
                 32 
               
               
                 80 
                 7 
                 7.5 
                 5 
                 60 
                 90 
                 51 
               
               
                   
                 7 
                 5 
                 0 
                 65 
                 85 
                 50 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 25 
                 0 
                 45 
                 50 
                 32 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   1 1,2 propylene glycol added to a solution of 22% dry starch in water; 1,2 propylene glycol added to the starch solution with the ratio of 1,2 propylene glycol to dry starch being 1.0:1.0; and CaCO 3  being added to the starch solution in the weight percentage stated, measured relative to the weight of dry starch used in the solution. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     From Table III, certain conclusions can be drawn. For example, the IP stayed well under the 25% target value for 7 mm bands. In addition the IP stayed well under the 25% target value when CaCO 3  weight was less than 80% of the starch weight. Further, the average SE values was less than or equal to 70% when CaCO 3  weight was greater than 40% of the starch weight; and SE at 0° was less than or equal to 25 when CaCO 3  weight was greater than 40% of the starch weight. 
     For purposes of the information presented in Table IV, smaller groups of cigarettes were tested, namely groups of five. The cigarettes tested for the results in Table IV were prepared with two hand-brushed bands using the add-on material solution as indicated in Table IV. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE IV 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Solution 
                 IP 
                 SE (at 0°) 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 20% starch solution 
                 0 out of 5 
                 3 out of 5 
               
               
                 20% starch solution + glycerin 1   
                 0 out of 5 
                 1 out of 5 
               
               
                 Weight ratio of glycerin to dry starch = 1:5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   1 Glycerin added to a solution of 20% dry starch in water; ratio by weight of added glycerin to dry starch present in the solution is 1:5. 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     For both solutions containing an anti wrinkling agent, all of the cigarettes self-extinguished before the coal reached the filter line in the IP test. However, in the SE test (at  0 °) for the solution without an anti-wrinkling agent, 60% of the cigarettes self-extinguished before the filter line, whereas for the solution containing an anti-wrinkling agent, only 20% of the cigarettes self-extinguished before the filter line. The self-extinguishment thus remains below a common target of 25%. The ignition propensity performance was excellent, with the resulting value of 0% being well below target values of 10%, 15%, or 25% often used. Thus, the addition or inclusion of an anti-wrinkling agent in the regions of add-on material reduces free-bum self-extinguishment (SE) without adversely affecting ignition propensity (IP) performance. 
     Inclusion of an anti-wrinkling agent in the add-on material also enhances characteristics of the resulting banded wrapper. More particularly, an anti-wrinkling agent has been found to increase flexibility of add-on material when dried on the wrapper i.e.,. it acts as a plasticizer). As a result, bands of add-on material are less prone to separate from the base web during handling and use than bands on wrapper Where an anti-wrinkling agent is not used in the formulation. Furthermore, as noted above, incorporation of an anti-wrinkling agent in the add-on material gives rise to improved SE performance in a smoking article fabricated from wrapper having bands of add-on material including an anti-wrinkling agent—but without degradation of IP performance. 
     While the operation of the anti-wrinkling agent in the starch solution is not fully understood, it appears that the anti-wrinkling agent also functions as a plasticizer in the starch solution. A starch solution, without an anti-wrinkling agent capable of also functioning as a plasticizer tends to infiltrate the top surface of the paper structure. Moreover, without the agent, a starch solution tends shrink or contract when it dries. That shrinkage and/or contraction causes the underlying web to also shrink or contract, in the area underlying the banded region. By way of example, observations have shown that the width of a 36 inch wide paper web may shrink by as much as about 0.5 to about 0.75 inches in the banded region—in other words by about 1 to about 2%. Such shrinkage may create difficulties, such as in maintaining proper registration among multiple print stations when using multi pass printing, among others. 
     Since the underlying web, between banded regions, does not experience the shrinkage, the region between the banded regions exhibits waviness, where the waves extend in the longitudinal direction of the underlying web and the undulations of the waves occur in the cross-web or transverse direction of the underlying web. After the underlying web is slit longitudinally into portions sized to manufacture cigarettes, each of those longitudinal portions of the paper web is wound tightly OD a corresponding bobbin. Accordingly, the undulations described above sometimes result in creases in the unbanded regions where the paper folds on itself to adjust to the width reduction caused by shrinkage in the banded regions. Such creases in the wrapper are generally unacceptable for tobacco rod production. The effect of that shrinkage can be easily seen in  FIGS.  60 A,  60 B,  60 C . Those figures are optical microscope images of the wrinkled region between print banded regions where a single application of film-forming material is applied at 5.5X. The film-forming material used contained 22% starch and 40% chalk or calcium carbonate. 
     Thus, the shrinkage of the banded regions appears to be a cause of wrinkling in the unbanded, or imprinted, area of the wrapper. Again, the mechanisms are not fully understood, but the addition of an anti-wrinkling agent to the starch solution appears to cause the printed layer or banded region to be more flexible. That flexibility may result from the printed starch layer being more elastic. That flexibility may also result from the printed layer hay reduced infiltration into the paper structure such that the printed layer lies more on the surface of the paper web. Regardless of whether those mechanisms, a combination of those mechanisms, or some other mechanism is active, observations indicate that, when the wrapper flexes, the enhanced elasticity of the layer or banded region reduces the likelihood that the layer Or banded region will separate from the wrapper. Moreover, the elasticity of the layer or banded region appears to allow the layer or banded region to dimensionally conform to the underlying paper as the applied solution dries—hence shrinkage in the banded region is reduced and, simultaneously, wrinkling and/or puckering between the banded regions is also reduced. Accordingly, incorporating the anti-wrinkling agent in the starch solution counteracts the wrinkling described above. 
     The effect of adding an anti-wrinkling agent to a film-forming material may be easily seen in  FIGS.  60 D,  60 E,  60 F,  60 G,  60 H,  60 I , which are photographs taken through an optical microscope of the region between print banded regions under the same conditions as  FIGS.  60 A-C . In  FIGS.  60 D- 80 F , glycerin was used as an anti-wrinkling agent. The film-forming material was applied at 5.5X, and contained 22% starch, 40% chalk, and 20% glycerin.  FIGS.  60 G- 60 I , 1,2 propylene glycol was used as an anti-wrinkling agent. In these figures, the film-forming material was applied at 5X. and container 22% starch, 40% chalk, and 100% propylene glycol,  FIG.  60    demonstrates the surprising impact on print banded paper obtained by adding an anti-wrinkling agent to the film-forming material. 
     A further advantage of the anti-wrinkling agent be herein disclosed concerns the film-forming attributes of the solution. More particularly, inclusion of the anti-wrinkling agent in the add-on material seems to enhance the film-forming characteristic of the add-on material with respect to the surface of the base web to which the add-on material is applied. That improved film-forming characteristic is believed to enhance the IP performance of banded wrappers constructed from the add-on material. Moreover, the film-forming characteristic enhances the desired, occlusive effect of the layer sufficiently such that it may be possible to reduce the number of multi-pass applications that may have been needed with solutions not having the anti-wrinkling agent. With the anti-wrinkling agent, single pass operation may he possible with addition of adequate drying capability. 
     Some further advantage has been observed when 1,2 propylene. glycol is used as the anti-wrinkling agent. Specifically, 1,2 propylene glycol can be effectively used where the ratio of 1,2 propylene glycol weight to starch weight in the solution is about 100%. By contrast, glycerin can be effectively used when the ratio of glycerin weight to starch weight in the solution is less than 40% because at that ratio the drying time for the starch-and-starch-plasticizer solution becomes unacceptable. That difference in drying time may result from the difference in boiling point for glycerin (290° C.) and the boiling point for 1,2 propylene glycol (187.3° C.)—a difference of about 100° C. For 1,2 propylene glycol, the boiling point is closer to the boiling point of an aqueous solvent than is the boiling point of glycerin. 
     With the addition of an anti-wrinkling agent to the starch solution, permeability of the banded region is improved, i.e., the permeability is more uniform and is lower than permeability for a band that does not use plasticizer. This phenomenon is significant because it permits the required quantity of starch solution to be applied or printed in a single printing step. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in the past, multiple printing steps were typically needed to effect the necessary permeability reduction in the banded regions. Of course, it may sti 11  be desirable—for other reasons—continue use of multi layer printing operations. 
     Calcium Carbonate 
     Calcium carbonate, or chalk, is preferably added to the nominal starch solution in addition to the anti-wrinkling agent, the weight of chalk may lie in the range of 0% to about 100% of the weight of starch in the nominal solution; preferably in the range of about 40% to about 100%:, and most preferably in the range of about 40% to about 80%, with a preferred target level of approximately 60%. Chalk may be added to the nominal starch solution to adjust the reflectance of the resulting add-on material so as to be comparable to the reflectance of the uncoated base web material. With such reflectance, banded regions constructed from the add-on material are less visible to the casual observer. 
     The CaCO 3 -to-starch ratio may also he a significant factor in determining IP and SE performance of a smoking article fashioned from the wrapper of this disclosure, hen prepared by high-speed printing. The CaCO 3 -to-starch ratio is determined as the ratio, by weight, of calcium carbonate to starch for the region of add-on material. More specifically, a CaCO 3 -to-starch ratio of less than about 0.8 is preferred to obtain desired IP performance together with improved SE (at 0°) performance less than about 25%. CaCO3 is included in the make-up of the embodiment described with reference to  FIG.  10    to enhance its SE performance, among the other reasons set forth herein. 
     From the foregoing description and the attached drawings, those skilled in the art will understand that a method of manufacturing a banded wrapper for smoking articles has been described. In that process, banded regions  126  (see  FIG.  2   ) of add-on material are established as spaced locations on one surface of the base web  123 . Spacing of those banded regions  126  may be selected so as to be substantially greater than the width of those banded regions  126  in the longitudinal direction  142  of the base web  140 . The width of the banded regions  126  may be selected to lie in the range of about 5 to about 10 mm (millimeters); and the spacing between those banded regions  126  (that spacing being measured as the distance from the trailing edge of one banded region to the leading edge of the next adjacent banded region) may be in the range of about 12 to about 40 mm. 
     Preferred Starch Compositions and Their Preparation 
     Banded regions of this disclosure preferably comprise an aqueous solution containing starch, chalk or CaCO 3− , and an anti-wrinkling agent. While many types of starch are contemplated, tapioca starch is presently preferred for the starch component of the layers  210 ,  212 ,  214  ( FIG.  10   ). A suitable commercially available starch is FLO-MAXS available from National Starch &amp; Chemical Co. 
     Unexpectedly, it has been found that certain, characteristics of the starch material give rise to predetermined patterns that yield very low Ignition Propensity values when the patterned base paper is formed into smoking article. Even more surprising has been the realization that within the standard specifications for some well-known starch materials, batch-to-batch variations in material properties can affect the Ignition Propensity of the resulting smoking articles. By way of example, the specifications of an oxidized tapioca starch commercially offered by National Starch &amp; Chemical Co. as Flo-Max 8 indicate a pH in a 1% solution lying in the range of 4.5 to 6.5, with particles having molecular weights in excess of 10,000. Surprisingly, when a predetermined pattern was applied to a base web with a batch of Flo-Max 8 having a pH in the range of about 6 to about 6.5, IP has been found to be much improved when compared to other batches of Flo-Max 8 for which the pH was less than about 6 but still within the manufacturer&#39;s specifications. 
     Various balances or trade offs need to be made in selection of starch parameters for use in applying films to wrapper. For example, while high molecular weight starch may give rise to effective permeability, reduction, such high molecular weight starches must be used in low concentrations, resulting in a solution having a very high water content. But high-water-content. films are much more difficult to effectively dry on porous wrapper. Moreover, it has been found that surface tension of the starch solution affects the retention of small bubbles of air -- low surface tension allows smaller bubbles to remain in the solution, whereas high surface tension causes bubbles to agglomerate and separate out of the solution giving a more uniform and consistent material for application to the wrapper. 
     Although not fully understood, the preferred pH range of the oxidized starch is believed to reflect a lower degree—or less complete—oxidation of the starch polymer chains giving more, longer polymer chains than the more acidic (i.e., lower pH) starches. 
     Furthermore, longer polymer chains yield a solution having a higher viscosity. Higher viscosity for the starch solution translates to better control when applied to a wrapper in a printing process. 
     Based on these understandings, it has been found that marked improvement in the IP of patterned, wrapper results for starch solutions having particular, and improved, characteristics. Those characteristics for an aqueous solution including oxidized starch include a pH in the range of about 6 to about 6.5; a surface tension of at least about 65 dynes/centimeter; a room temperature viscosity of no greater than about 50 centipoises; and a particle size distribution in the range of about 4 to about 40 microns for dry particles, with about 90% also being in the range of about 10 to about 100 microns when wet. furthermore, the particles preferably have a molecular weight such that the solution can have starch concentrations in the range of about 14% to about 24%. Preferably, the starch comprises an oxidized tapioca starch. 
     The aqueous starch solutions used for application to the base web or wrapper ire typically prepared by making a starch/water mixture by first mixing the desired weight of dry starch powder with the desired weight of room temperature water (i.e., at about 15° C. to about 25° C.) to obtain a starch/water mixture having the reselected concentration. For example, to prepare a starch/water solution with a reselected concentration of 20%, 20 parts by weight of starch are mixed with 80 parts by weight of water. The stanch/water solution is then heated to an elevated sub-boiling temperature in the range of about 90° C. to about 95° C.—i.e., below the boiling temperature. The starch/water solution is held at the elevated temperature for about 20 to about 30 minutes for thermal soaking. Then, the starch/water solution is cooled to room temperature. That cooling step can occur by passively, such as by naturally occurring heat transfer processes; or the cooling step can be active (or forced) such as by immersion in a cooling bath or by use of a conventional mechanical cooling system. Throughout the mixing step, the heating step, the thermal soaking step, and the cooling step, the starch/water mixture is stirred The stirring can be continuous Or substantially continuous. If additional constituents, such as calcium carbonate, are to be incorporated into the starch/water solution, those constituents should be added after the starch/water solution returns to room temperature following the thermal soaking step. 
     Aqueous starch solutions having the characteristics specified above and prepared in the manner described above can be applied to a base web using any of a multitude of printing techniques including, by way of example and without limitation, the group consisting of gravure priming, offset printing, inkjet printing, spraying, and die printing. Other printing processes may also be suitable and are intended to lie within the teachings of this specification. Preferably, however, gravure printing may be used to apply the starch solution to a base web to obtain a patterned wrapper. substitute specification 
     Surprisingly, it has been found that the CaCO 3 /starch ratio is a significant factor in determining IP and SE performance of a smoking article fashioned from the wrapper of this disclosure prepared by high-speed printing. The CaCO 3 /starch ratio is determined as the ratio, by weight, of calcium carbonate to starch for the region  126  of add-on material, i.e., for both layers. More specifically, a CaCO 3 /starch ratio of at least about 35% is preferred to obtain IP and SE(0) performance less than about 25%. Even more preferred is a CaCO 3 /starch ratio of at least about 45% to obtain IP and SE( 0 ) performance less than about 20%, 
     If desired, the layer  150  printed on the base web  140  (see  FIG.  3   ) may be the starch layer, and the layer  152  may be the layer comprising a mixture of starch and calcium carbonate. A presently preferred arrangement, however, places the mixture of starch and calcium carbonate in the first layer  150  and applies only starch in the other layer  152 . 
     It has been observed that (i) the optical reflectance of the base web  140  and (ii) the optical reflectance of the mixture of starch and calcium carbonate are quite similar. In fact, those two reflectances are sufficiently similar that optical inspection equipment can have operational difficulty. On the other hand, (i) the optical reflectance of the base web  40  and (ii) the optical reflectance of a layer comprising starch have been observed to be substantially different. 
     The different reflectance characteristics of the layers  150 ,  152  are advantageously used to enhance the optical inspection characteristics of the wrapper of this disclosure. With the starch layer deposited on top of the starch-calcium-carbonate layer, optical inspection of the wrapper is materially enhanced. More particularly, as the base web  140  advances from a supply bobbin through the gravure printing apparatus to the take-up bobbin, the web  140  may also pass through an inspection station. In the inspection station, a light source is focused on the moving web  140 . A light beam emanating from the light source reflects from the surface of the moving base web  140  such that the reflected light is collected by a sensor. As each region  126  of add-on material moves through the inspection station, the region  126  interrupts the light beam and modulates the quantity of light reflected to the sensor. Because the reflectance of the starch layer is different from the reflectance of the base web  140 , the sensor can be constructed to sense the presence or absence of a region  126 . When coupled with an input related to the speed of the base web through the inspection station, an even more sophisticated sensor can determine the width of the region  126  in the longitudinal direction of the base web  140 , as well as longitudinal spacing between adjacent regions, for quality control and manufacturing consistency. In connection with inspection of banded regions, please also see commonly assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,966,218 and 6,198,537 which are incorporated herein by this reference thereto. 
     Surprisingly, as calcium carbonate levels are increased in the banded regions  126  exposed to the optical inspection, or machine vision, systems, those systems have been observed to become less reliable. That reduced reliability appears to result from increased reflectivity of the surface of the banded regions  126 . Such increased reflectivity overwhelms, or “blinds”, the inspection systems—a phenomenon perhaps resulting because the reflectance of banded regions  126  with high calcium carbonate levels is comparable to, and may be substantially equivalent to, the reflectance of the base web itself That reflectance parity seems to result when the calcium carbonate level in the surface region of the handed regions  126  is greater than about 80% of the starch level in the surface region of the banded regions  126   
     That reflectance parity problem can be alleviated by establishing at structure for the banded regions  126  in which the surface region has a reflectance which is sufficiently different from the reflectance of the base web that the inspection systems consistently identify the reflectance variation to identify parameters related to the banded regions  126 , including by way of example presence of the reflectance variation (beginning or end of banded region  126 ), absence of the reflectance variation (a missing banded region  126 , or a misplaced banded region  126 ), and longitudinal extent of a banded region  126  or spacing between banded regions  126  (e.g., how long a particular reflectance continues for a sensed velocity or speed of the base web through the inspection station). One way of establishing a desired structure for the banded regions  126  is to provide the increased calcium carbonate layer in a position more remote fro the inspection system than the layer haying essentially starch. Stated differently, by superposing the starch layer on the calcium-carbonate-containing layer efficacy of optical inspection systems will not be impeded, but will continue to be effective. 
     Such an arrangement of layers in the banded region  126  provides another surprising and beneficial attribute for the wrapper. When the first layer of the banded region  126  applied to the base web contains both calcium carbonate and starch, the presence of the banded region  126  is less evident when observed or examined from the side of the base web opposite to the side on which the banded. region  126  is applied—the side opposite from the side where machine vision operates. In fact, as the calcium carbonate levels approach high levels Which are the subject of this disclosure, presence or existence of the banded region  126  becomes less visible to a consumer, and may actually become substantially invisible to an ordinary consumer. 
     Such visual masking is important because consumers of smoking articles are accustomed to products ht which the wrapper exhibits a uniform, homogeneous appearance. The preferred arrangement for the layers  150 ,  152  (see  FIG.  3   ) yields a further significant advantage to a smoking article manufactured using the wrapper of this disclosure. 
     Similarly, many types of calcium carbonate particles are contemplated as falling within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Presently, however, calcium carbonate available from Solvay Chemicals, Inc., as SOCAL 31 is a suitable commercially available calcium carbonate. SOCAL 31 is an ultrafine, precipitated form of calcium carbonate having an average particle size of about 70 nm (nanometers). Larger particles of calcium carbonate have been observed to not function as well in this application when compared to the ultrafine, precipitated form of calcium carbonate, due at least in part to the tendency of larger particles to precipitate from solution r 3  ore quickly and due at least in part to the need for greater quantities to attain the beneficial characteristics discussed herein. 
     The materials used for the regions of add-on material can be important in the IF and SE performance of a smoking article manufactured using the wrapper discussed herein, in one embodiment, the regions of add-on materiel may be printed with a starch solution that includes an anti-wrinkling agent. While an aqueous starch solution is presently preferred as the aqueous component is readily dried, use of a non-aqueous starch solution is also within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. In another embodiment, the regions of add-on material may be printed with a solution comprising a mixture of calcium carbonate (or chalk) particles, starch, and an anti-wrinkling agent. As with the starch and anti-wrinkling agent solution, the solution comprising a mixture of calcium carbonate (or chalk) particles, starch, and an anti-wrinkling agent preferably is applied as an aqueous solution, but a non-aqueous solution also falls within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. 
     Generally speaking, this disclosure contemplates that either (i) an anti-wrinkling agent or (i) i combination of anti-wrinkling agent and calcium carbonate will be added to a nominal aqueous starch solution to obtain the add-on solution to be used for printing. 
       101601  As discussed in more detail above, incorporation of an anti-wrinkling agent in the starch solution permits the aqueous starch solution to be applied in a single printing step or layer to the underlying paper web. While an anti-wrinkling agent may also be used in a multilayer construction for a banded region applied in multiple printing steps or passes, the benefits of the anti-wrinkling agent flow from its use in the first layer applied to the base web. 
     From the discussion above, it will now be apparent to those skilled in the art that many different patterns for the banded regions of wrapper fall within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. For example, a pattern comprising a plurality of solid transversely extending bands has been described (see  FIG.  2   ). Solid bands may be either transversely extending, longitudinally extending  220  (see  FIG.  11   ), or helical  222  (see  FIG.  12   ). The description as being solid meaning, for purposes of this disclosure, that the regions of add-on material are applied in a single step. 
     The foregoing discussion also makes clear that the regions of add-on material may, if desired, be applied in two or more successive steps or applications. Gravure printing techniques, as well as other printing techniques, are well-suited to such successive steps, or multiple applications. 
     Improved SE Performance while Maintaining IP Performance 
     As noted above, it is desirable to achieve IP performance that meets and exceeds governmental requirements. Such is achievable with a solid band configuration such as that described with reference to  FIG.  10   . Moreover, as also previously noted, that desired IP performance often adversely impacts the SE performance of the smoking article. Stated differently, while the IP performance may meet or exceed the governmental requirements, that H performance is typically associated with a smoking article that will self extinguish when hand held by a smoker—an SE of 100%. Since smokers ordinarily prefer not to need to relight a smoking article improvement of SE performance while maintaining IP performance constitutes a highly desirable feature for improved wrappers. Applicants have discovered arrangements of the banded regions on wrapper that provide such improved SE performance while maintaining the IP performance. For example, the inclusion of chalk content in the embodiment described with reference to  FIG.  10    contributes enhancement of SE performance amongst other attributes. 
     In addition to or in lieu of applying chalk to improve SE performance, certain band configurations and patterns disclosed herein are useful in constructing smoking articles having both improved SE performance and desired IP performance. For example, a slit band configuration such as shown in  FIG.  5    and others is capable of better sustaining smoldering during free burns, yet when placed adjacent a substrate, does not sustain smoldering. 
     Referring to Table V, wrapper A comprises a slit band arrangement, having three regions of about 2 mm each, for a total width of 6 mm for the printed banded region with add-on rates in the various regions ranging from about 3.5X to about 5.5X. An add-on rate of 5.5X results in about 8 g/m 2  to about 9 g/m 2  of add-on material on a dry weight basis, where the wrapper has a nominal basis weight of about 26.5 g/m 2 . Lower add-on rates would be expected to provide proportionally adjusted values for the weight of the add-on material, measured on a dry weight basis. The width of the banded regions are typically measured in the longitudinal direction, and have a 27 mm phase (i.e., the spacing from the leading edge of a banded region to the leading edge of the next or subsequent banded region). 
                                 TABLE V                   Banded Region   Total Banded   Base Web       Wrapper   Configuration   Region Width   Permeability                  A   2-2-2   6 mm   33 CORESTA       B   2.5-2-2.5   7 mm   33 CORESTA       C   2.5-2-2.5   7 mm   60 CORESTA       D   3-2-3   8 mm   60 CORESTA                    
In Table V, the “banded region configuration” is a shorthand description of the width of portions of the band, viewed in the direction which the coal advances in a burning tobacco rod. Thus, the 2.5-2-2.5 configuration (see  FIG.  5   ) of the banded region  126  means that the first portion or zone  202  (see  FIG.  6   ) of the total banded region width is 2.5 mm, the second. portion or zone  203  of the total banded region width is 2 mm (and may be a space), and the third portion or zone  204  of the total banded region width is 2.5 mm. Here, the first portion  202  would be encountered first by the advancing coal of a burning tobacco rod, the second portion  203  would be encountered next by the advancing coal, and the third portion  204  would be encountered last by the advancing coal.
 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE VI 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Details of Wrapper A 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Zone 1 
                 Zone 2 
                 Zone 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Width 
                 2 mm 
                 2 mm 
                 2 mm 
               
               
                   
                 Layers of Add-on 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 Material 
               
               
                   
                 Add-on Rate Per Layer 
                 5x 
                 3.5-4x 
                 5x 
               
               
                   
                 Total Add-on Material 
                 5x 
                 3.5-4x 
                 5x 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE VII 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Details of Wrapper B 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Zone 1 
                 Zone 2 
                 Zone 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Width 
                 2.5 mm 
                 2 mm 
                 2.5 mm 
               
               
                   
                 Layers of Add-on 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 Material 
               
               
                   
                 Add-on Rate Per Layer 
                 5x 
                 3.5-4x 
                 5x 
               
               
                   
                 Total Add-on Material 
                 5x 
                 3.5-4x 
                 5x 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE VIII 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Details of Wrapper C 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Zone 1 
                 Zone 2 
                 Zone 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Width 
                 2.5 mm 
                 2 mm 
                 2.5 mm 
               
               
                   
                 Layers of Add-on 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 Material 
               
               
                   
                 Add-on Rate Per Layer 
                 5x 
                 3.5-4x 
                 5x 
               
               
                   
                 Total Add-on Material 
                 5x 
                 3.5-4x 
                 5x 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE IX 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Details of Wrapper D 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Zone 1 
                 Zone 2 
                 Zone 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Width 
                 3 mm 
                 2 mm 
                 3 mm 
               
               
                   
                 Layers of Add-on 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 Material 
               
               
                   
                 Add-on Rate Per Layer 
                 5x 
                 3.5-4x 
                 5x 
               
               
                   
                 Total Add-on Material 
                 5x 
                 3.5-4x 
                 5x 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Tables VI-IX show that the multizone banded region  126  (see  FIG.  5    may be fashioned in a single pass printing operation with the application rates indicated in those tables. In each of wrappers A through I), the add-on material preferably included an aqueous solution containing starch, chalk or calcium carbonate, and 1,2 propylene glycol. A presently preferred mixture for that. aqueous solution includes starch, chalk, and 1,2 propylene glycol in a weight ratio of about 100 (for starch), to about 40 to about 80 (for chalk), to about 100 (for 1.2 propylene glycol), in weight percent. The starch alone may be in the range of about 20% to about 24% in the aqueous solution. 
     Some changes in the relative proportions of constituents of the add-on material may change when the aqueous solution is applied to a base web and dried. For example, observations indicate that when 1,2 propylene glycol is used as the anti-wrinkling agent, about 50% to about 60% of the propylene glycol added to the solution remains in the add-on material when it has dried on the paper web. Some weight loss may also occur in other anti-wrinkling agents during the drying process. However, such weight loss has not been observed with respect to the starch and calcium carbonate constituents of the add-on material during the drying process. 
     The region  126  of add-on material may be substantially continuous transverse of the paper web, as shown (see  FIG.  2   ), or may have one or more longitudinally extending separations so as to define a C-shaped region when formed into a wrapper into a tobacco rod (see or may have several arcuately-shaped portions  127 ′ (see  FIG.  8   ) generally symmetrically positioned around the tobacco rad when viewed in cross section transverse to the longitudinal axis  114  of the tobacco rod.  122 . 
     In addition, the region  126  of add-on material on the wrapper  123  may be divided into two or more substantially ring-shaped portions (see FM.  5 ) that are spaced from one another along the axis  142  by a distance, w, that typically does not exceed the width of the rings  126 , when measured in a direction generally parallel to the axis  134  of the tobacco rod  122 . Such a spacing feature provides a “slit” in the band structure. 
     It is also within the contemplation of this disclosure that the region  126  on the wrapper  123  may comprise a plurality of patches (see  FIG.  8   ) disposed circumferentially around the tobacco rod  122 , with patches  127 ′ of an adjacent region  126  being circumferentially displaced from patches of other adjacent regions  126  In addition, the patches  127 ,  127 ′ may be arranged according to a predetermined pattern such as taught in commonly assigned U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 60/924,666, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein y this reference thereto. 
     The regions of add-on material are preferably applied in a single layer  210  (see  FIG.  9   ). It should be noted that the representation of the base web cross section in  FIG.  9    is schematic. As discussed above, the actual cross section of a base web is a slice through the myriad of fibers which form the base web. In the case of cigarette wrapper, that thickness may be on the order of about 30 microns (i.e., 30×10 −6  meters or 30 μm). Actual thickness of the add-on material ≤2 μm, and the add-on material tends to infiltrate and conform to the surface presented by the fibers of the base web. As a result, material build-up in the regions of add-on material can be schematically shown as boxes (as in  FIGS.  3 ,  6 , and  9   ), but actually are nearly imperceptible to the unaided eye. To that end, it will be appreciated that, if multiple layers are used to form the regions of add-on material, the resulting structure is nearly impossible to resolve into the individual layers. That resolution into individual, or separate, layers is further complicated when aqueous solutions are applied because subsequent layers tend to re-wet the previous layer and allow components such as chalk to settle through the material of the prior layer. 
     The application rate of the material in the preferred single layer (see  FIG.  9   ) may be in the range of about 4X to about 6X. For these purposes, the “X” has been described above. Where the base web has a nominal CORESTA value of about 33, a presently preferred application rate of about 5X is believed to be appropriate. Where the base web has a nominal. CORESTA value of about 60, a presently preferred application rate of about 5.5X is believed to be appropriate. 
     Although the regions of add-on material are preferably applied in a single pass, application, or layer, this description also contemplates application of the add-on material in multiple applications steps, or layers (see  FIG.  10   ). In this embodiment, after a first layer  210  is applied to the surface of the base web  123  at a first gravure printing station and dried, a second layer  212  (see  FIG.  10   ) of add-on material may be applied to the wrapper, for example at a second printing station. If desired, a third or subsequent layer  214  can be applied at further printing stations. The second layer  212  may be arranged so as to be superposed on, and substantially co-extensive with, the first layer  210 . Alternatively, the second layer  212  may cover only one or more portions of the first layer  210 . The relative application rate of the layers need not be the same, and preferably is different. For example, one layer may be at least about 1.5 times to about 3 times the thickness of the other layer. 
     For example, the smoking article  120  (see  FIG.  13   ) may include one Or more banded regions  250  that are axially spaced from one another along the axis of the smoking article  120 . Each banded region  250  may include add-on material applied such that at least one longitudinally extending gap  252  exists between end portions  254  of the banded. region  250 . The embodiment of  FIG.  13    show a single gap  252  in each of the banded regions  250 ; however, two or more gaps  252  may be provided around the circumference of the smoking article  120 . Where more than one gap  252  is provided, the gaps are preferably generally parallel to one another and preferably are also substantially equally spaced from one another around the circumference of the smoking article  120 . An embodiment of the smoking article having a pair of substantially diametrically opposed areas of add-on material may be seen in  FIG.  15   . As shown, the circumferential extent of the areas of add-on material  250 ,  250 ′ may be substantially the same as the circumferential extent of the spaces or gaps  252  between those areas of add-on material  250 ,  250 ′. 
     With the foregoing arrangement, when the smoking article  120  exists in free-burn condition (see  FIG.  15   ), the regions of add-on material  250 ,  250 ′ obstruct airflow to the burning, coal of the tobacco rod  122  by virtue of their reduced permeability. On the other hand, with the smoking article held in a substantially horizontal position, the bottom gap  252  of the wrapper  123  freely permits air to enter the side of the tobacco rod  122  to support combustion of the coal. A vastly different situation occurs when the smoking article  120  is placed on a substrate  260  (see  FIG.  14   ). Under these conditions, the substrate  260  blocks the flow of air upwardly to the bottom portion or bottom gap  252  of the tobacco rod  122 . The regions of add-on material  250 ,  250 ′ and the substrate  260  cooperate to define much smaller areas  258 ,  259  through which air can be drawn through the base web  140  of the wrapper. More specifically, the vertical area  258  between the bottom of the region  250  and the substrate  260  and the vertical area  258  between the bottom of the region  250 ′ and the substrate  260  present a substantial reduction i t the area through which air can pass to reach the smoldering coal of the tobacco rod  122 . As a result of deprivation of oxygen in the air, the smoldering coal of the smoking article  120  self-extinguishes when the burn line reaches opposed regions of add-on material positioned as depicted in  FIG.  14   . The condition of substantially reduced area for air to support burning of the coal also exists for rotational positions of the tobacco rod  122  between that position illustrated in  FIG.  14    and other positions of the smoking article when rotated about its longitudinal 
     However, when the smoking article  120  is placed on the substrate  260  such that one of the add-on regions  250 ,  250 ′ contacts the substrate  260 , the add-on regions still may sufficiently restrict the area through which air can pass to and through the base web  140 , and there is a lesser degree of material cooperation between the substrate  260  and the add-on regions to effect a reduction in that area, in comparison to what occurs at the snuffer region  262 . For purposes of this description, a snuffer region  262  is an area on the tobacco rod  122  which is operable to cause extinguishment of the burning coal when placed on a substrate  260 . 
     In the foregoing example, the reduction in IP value is also associated with a reduction in SE value, and improved free-burn quality of a smoking article  120  having a wrapper with regions of add-on material such as those of  FIG.  13   . It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the SE improvement of  FIG.  15    occurs with the smoking article in a horizontal position 0°). Similar SE improvements are also Observed at other SE evaluation positions of 45° and 90°. Where the smoking article  120  happens to be placed on a substrate  260  at one of three specific orientations, the orientations being spaced (off-set) 45′ apart from each other around the axis of the smoking article, the self-extinguishing characteristics and desirable IP are also achieved. Naturally, the discussion, proceeded in this manner for the sake of brevity. It will be readily understood that a pattern according to this description can extinguish the smoking article, regardless of which side portion rests against a substrate  260  and without a need for applying film-forming compound to the paper to such an extent that a desirable free-burn quality in the smoking article is lost or such that carbon monoxide levels in the mainstream smoke become elevated. This may be understood by recognizing that opposing regions of film-forming compound need not appear at locations exactly  90 ° from the side portion in contact with the substrate  260 . Those regions may be centered at a location that is closer to or farther from the side portion in contact with the substrate  260 , for example, between about 60′ and 120′ from the side portion in contact with the substrate  260 . 
     Additionally, for a particular chosen pattern, the ability to extinguish the smoking article may depend more on providing minimum lengthwise extent of add-on material. (e.g., a film-forming compound), rather than a particular weight per area of film-forming compound at longitudinal locations. The length of a rectangular region, for example, may be no less than about 5.5 mm for a particular design, base web, and film-forming compound used. The amount of film-forming compound used may be increased to improve IP performance, usually without losing a free-bum quality and SE performance, and if desired, a burn accelerator may be applied to the paper to support even higher add-on levels. 
     Previously, it was thought that a permeability ratio of 3:1 between the base web and regions of add-on material was insufficient to extinguish the smoking article because there an insufficient reduction in the permeability of the paper at the longitudinal position of the snuffer region. However, that permeability ratio, over a portion of the circumference of the smoking article, may be sufficient to extinguish the smoking article when there is an underlying substrate  260  and when the add-on material is located at sides of the smoking article  120  not in contact with the substrate  260 . 
     Another embodiment of a smoking article which makes use of the interaction between longitudinal spaces between opposed regions of add-on material and a substrate is shown in  FIG.  16   . Here, a series of longitudinally spaced snuffer regions are spaced along the axis  134  of the smoking article  120 . Each pair of areas of add-on material in a snuffer region may be referred to as patches for quick reference. 
     With reference to  FIG.  17   , the paper wrapper  123  further comprises pairs of add-on material zones at spaced locations along the tobacco rod  122  in  FIG.  16    (such as the opposing pair of zones  270   d ,  272   d ). 
     Each pair of rectangular zones (for example,  270   a  and  272   a —the latter not being visible in  FIG.  16   ) define a circumferential region  274  (for example the region  274   a ). The “width” of the banded region  274   a  is measured from a leading edge  146  of the region  274   a  (it being closest to an approaching coal) to the trailing edge  148  (it being most remote from an approaching coal). Preferably the width of the regions, e.g.,  274   a,  lies in, the range of about 5.5 to about 12 mm, more preferably, about 7 to about 10 mm, and most preferably about 8 to about 9 mm. Moreover, at each circumferential region, such as region  274   a,  the zones  270   a  and  272   a  are circumferentially spaced apart such that they are disposed in mutually opposing relation along opposite sides of the wrapper  123  when formed on a tobacco rod  122 . Preferably each zone  270   a,    272   a  extends circumferentially (i.e., in cross-measure relative to the paper web) in the range of about 5 to about 9 mm in cross-measure, more preferably, about 6 to about 7 mm in cross-measure. 
     It is further noted that the area  276  of base web  140  between adjacent regions  274   a,    274   b  and the areas between opposing zones within each zone (such as between the opposing zones  270   b,    272   b  of the Zone  274   b ) are preferably essentially free of add-on material comprising the zones (e.g., zones  270   b,    272   b ). 
     The longitudinal distance between adjacent regions (such as between zones  274   a,    274   b  is referenced as band spacing  276 , which is preferably about 4 to about 12 mm, and more preferably about 6 to about 8 mm. 
     Preferably, the respective opposing zones  270 ,  272  of each region  274  are offset from those of a preceding tow or region to a degree (in accordance with teachings which follow) and a sufficient number of regions  274  are established along a given tobacco rod (by selection of band-region width and width of band-region spacing) such that, when the smoking article is placed op on a substrate, at least one location  101  exists along the tobacco rod  122  where the respective pair of regions  270  are oriented substantially alongside the tobacco rod  122 , such as the opposing pair of zones  250 ,  250 ′ in.  FIG.  14   . It is at or about this location OP the tobacco rod  12 . 2  where self-extinguishment is most likely to occur. The location along the tobacco rod  122  where this orientation most closely occurs is hereinafter referenced as the “oriented snuffer region.” 
     Because the smoking article  120  might be laid upon a substrate differently from the position shown in  FIG.  16    and/or because its pattern of zones may differ, it is to be realized that the oriented snuffer zone may occur at different longitudinal positions along the tobacco rod  122  for different rotational positions of the tobacco rod  122 . The pattern of zones and the and spacing  276  may be selected such that more than one oriented snuffer zone may occur along the tobacco rod  122 . 
     Preferably, each zone  270 ,  272  and  272 ′ includes sufficient add-on material to reduce the permeability of the wrapper at each zone to about 0 to about 42 CORESTA, more preferably about 7 CORESTA or less. 
     For purposes of this description, a pattern of add-on material is applied to the wrapper  12 . 3  to obtain improved IP characteristic:;: and also to obtain improved SE characteristics. 
     As presently understood, the&gt;staggered zones of add-on material according to this description permit a smoking article  120  (see  FIG.  16   ) to be designed with an advantageous combination of desired low IP values and desired low SE values. The patterns of low permeability regions of add-on material provide areas of film-forming compound along the length of the tobacco rod  122  that can cooperate with a substrate to extinguish the lit smoking, article  120  when it is placed on that substrate, yet. these areas of add-on material (such as a film-forming compound) cause the smoking article . 120  to self-extinguish at statistically fewer occurrences when the smoking article  120  is held by a smoker in a free-burn condition. Thus, the smoking article  120  can exhibit a reduced ignition proclivity while retaining a desirable. flee-burn quality or low SE value by applying a pattern of film-forming compound to the base web according, to this description. 
     To achieve desirable IP and SE characteristics of the smoking article, a pattern  300  (see  FIG.  17   ) is applied to the base web  123  of the wrapper, preferably while the base web  123  is in an unfolded condition, such as shown in  FIG.  17   , or when the base web comprises a roll of cigarette paper that has yet to be slit into bobbins. An Object of this description is to provide wrappers which, when formed into a tobacco rod  122 , exhibit IP values no greater than  25  and SE values no greater than 50. Even more preferred, is an IP value for the resulting smoking article no greater than about 15; and the most preferred IP value for the resulting smoking article is no greater than about 10. Lower SE values are also desired. In this connection, a more preferred SE value is less than about 25: while the most preferred SE value is less than about 10. 
     Referring specifically to  FIG.  17   , the transverse dimensions of the wrapper  123  are selected based on the diameter of the finished smoking article (about 7 to about 10 mm) and allowing for overlapping material at a longitudinal seam of about 1 to about 2 mm. For example, allowing for 1 mm overlapping seams, the wrapper-paper cross-web dimension may be about 27 mm for a smoking article having a circumference of about 25.6 mm. 
     Preferably, the pattern  300  is applied to the base web  140  such that a plurality of circumferentially extending regions  274   a,    274   b,    274   c,    274   d  (defined by broken lines in  FIG.  17   ) are disposed at spaced locations along the tobacco rod  122  (see arrow  142 , in  FIG.  17   ). The add-on material can be applied to one or to both sides of the base web. .Preferably, three to six, and most preferably four to six or more, of the regions  274  occur in the nominal length of the tobacco rod  122 . Each of the circumferential regions  274   a,    274   b,    274   c,    274   d  has a longitudinal pitch along the tobacco rod  122  (i.e., length measured along the tobacco rod from the beginning of one region to the beginning of the adjacent region) which is less than the nominal length of the tobacco rod  122 . By selecting the longitudinal pitch length at about 25% of the nominal length, four regions will be provided on each tobacco rod  122 . 
     Within each circumferential region, e.g.,  274   a,  at least two zones, e.g.,  270   a,    272   a,  of add-on material are provided. Note that the zones of add-on material in all of the figures are identified with stippling to aid identification of them however, in a smoking article  120  or wrapper  123  for such a smoking article, these zones of add-on material may, or may not, be visually identifiable. Each of these zones is preferably spaced circumferentially such that the zones will he opposed to one another in the finished tobacco rod  122 . Moreover, for each triplet of zones, e,g.,  274   a,    274   b,    274   c,  the zones  270   b,    272   b  of the second region  274   b  preferably are circumferentially offset from the zones  270   a,    272   a  of the first region. Furthermore, the zones  270   c,    272   c  of the third region  274   c  preferably are circumferentially offset from the zones  270   b,    772   b  of the second region  274   b,  and even further offset circumferentially form the zones  270   a,    272   a  of the first region  274   a.    
     As depicted in  FIG.  17   , the add-on zones of each region in this embodiment are laterally offset in a circumferential direction from the add-on zones of an adjacent region b a distance that is a function of the transverse dimension of the add-on zones. Each zone has a width measured along the tobacco roil 22  and a transverse cross-measure dimension in the circumferential sense of direction of the tobacco rod  122 . For this embodiment, the zone width is less than the longitudinal pitch of the associated region. As seen in  FIG.  17   , the longitudinal pitch length may be greater than the corresponding zone width of the corresponding region. The add-on zones of successive regions along the tobacco rod  122  are preferably offset from the add-on zones of the adjacent regions, thereby defining a pattern  300  of regions which cover portions of the base web along lines inclined relative to the edge of the base web. .Furthermore, the pattern of add-on zones may repeat itself at least partially along the length of the base web, 
     In the illustrated embodiment ( FIG.  17   ), each zone is placed on the wrapper  123  so that the zone is centered upon one of three paths  270 ,  277 , and  277 ′, which paths are represented by corresponding broken. lines  270 ,  272  and  272 ′. Thus, for example, path  270  passes through the corresponding geometric features of six zones  270   a,    270   b,    270   c,    270   d,    270   e,    270   f.  Each zone is spaced from the other zones, but the zones could, alternatively, contact one another. The paths  270 ,  272  and  270 ′ are parallel to each other and oriented at an acute angle  4 ) relative to the side edge of the wrapper  123 . It is to be realized that zones  27 T are preferably the same as zones  272  and result from progression through the pattern  300  shown in  FIG.  17    where, as zones  270  disappear along one edge, zones  270 ′ appear along the opposite edge. Each pair of cross-web aligned zones, e.g, zones  270   a,    272   a,  car zones  270   b,    272   b,  may cover up to about 33% of the total surface area of the corresponding region  274   a,    274   b.  For rectangular zones, each zone is preferably in the range of about 8 to about 10 mm in the longitudinal direction or width, and about 5 to about 7 mm in the circumferential cross-measure direction. Longitudinal spacing  276  between the zones preferably lies in the range of 4 to about 12 mm, and more preferably in the range of about 6 to about 8 mm. The circumferential spacing of the zones of add-on material is preferably in the range of about 3 to about 20 mm, more preferably in the range of about 5 to about 8 mm, and most preferably in the range of about 5.5 to about 7.0 mm. 
     When wrapper  123  is formed about tobacco to make a tobacco rod  122 , zones of add-on material at any longitudinal location are preferably spaced about 180° from each other. Moreover, the ratio of the area occupied by zones of add-on material to the total area, the total area being the sum of (i) the corresponding region  274   d  and (ii) the annular area be adjacent regions on one side (that ratio here being defined as the “zone area ratio”) is substantially less than one. Preferably, that zone area ratio lies in the range of less, than about 20% to less than about 50%, and more preferably in the range of less than about 20% to less than about 35%. More particularly, in some embodiments the zone area ratio for zone-occupied area to total area may be less than 30%, and even less that 25%. Generally speaking, it is desirable to keep the zone area coverage ratio low because high values (i.e., closer to 1) are. believed to increase carbon monoxide concentration in mainstream smoke where low permeability (i.e., low CORESTA) wrapper is used for the tobacco rod. 
     When the. wrapper  123  is formed to make the tobacco rod  122 , the paths  270 ,  272 ,  272 ′ describe a first helical path  272 / 272 ′ (zones  272  and  272 ′ in  FIG.  17    combine to form a helical path  272 / 272 ′) and a second helical path  270  (comprising helically aligned zones  270 ) both of which extend lengthwise, around axis  134 , and over the length of the tobacco rod  122 , as illustrated in  FIGS.  16 - 17   . The helical paths  272 / 272 ′ and  270  (as seen from  FIG.  17   ) have a helix angle Φ and do not intersect one another. Preferably, both helical paths may follow one of a counterclockwise and clockwise rotation about the tobacco rod  122 . As illustrated, both paths  270 ,  272 ′ follow a clockwise path, starting at the filter end of the tobacco rod  122 , when viewed from the lit end and looking towards the filter end. 
     The zones of the pattern  300  may be formed by applying one or more layers of an aqueous film-forming composition to the base web of the wrapper to reduce the permeability of the paper those zones. incorporation of an anti-wrinkling agent into the film-forming composition permits the pattern to be applied in two passes if desired or a single layer if additional drying capacity is established. Alternatively, a cellulosic material may also be used to form die zones. Where a film-forming composition is used, that film-forming composition. preferably may include water and a high concentration of an occluding; agent, e.g., 20% to about 50% by weight. The film-forming compound can include one or more occluding agents such as starch, alginate, cellulose or gum and may also include calcium carbonate as a filler. Where starch is the film-forming compound, a concentration of about 24% may be advantageous. The film-forming, composition may be applied to the base web of the wrapper  123  using gravure printing, digital printing, coating or spraying using a template, or any other suitable technique. For example, the film-forming compounds and methods for applying film-forming compounds described in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/500,918, which is hereby incorporated herein in its entirety by this reference thereto, may be chosen for applying a pattern to the base web of the wrapper, if desired, the zones of add-on material can be formed by printing multiple, successive layers, e.g., two or more successive layers registered or aligned with one another. Furthermore, when layers are used to form the zones of add-on material, the material in layers may be the same of different. For example, one layer may be starch while the next layer may be starch and calcium carbonate (or vice versa), 
     The presently preferred embodiment for the pattern  300  of zones of add-on material is illustrated in  FIG.  18   . Like the embodiment of  FIG.  17   , the zones of add-on material in  FIG.  18    are quadrilateral, specifically, generally rectangular. Preferably, at least two zones, e.g.,  280   a,    280   b,  of add-on material are applied in each region  274   a,    274   b,    274   c,    274   d  so as to be circumferentially spaced in the finished smoking article. The circumferential dimension of each zone  280   a,    280   b  is preferably selected to be less than about 50% of the cross-measure of the base web  123  when unwrapped, and most preferably about 25% of the cross-measure of that base web  123  or of the circumference of the tobacco rod  122 . The circumferential dimension of each zone  280   a    280   b , when added to the circumferential spacing of between the zones  280   a,    280   h,  preferably is about 50% of the circumferential cross-measure of the base web  123 . 
     The longitudinal length of the zones  280   a,    280   b  plus the longitudinal spacing  276  between the zones  280   a,    280   b,  and zones  282   a ,  282   b , (i.e., the longitudinal pitch length) is preferably selected so that three or four regions  274   a,    274   b,    274   c,    274   d  will occur in the nominal length of the tobacco rod  122  of the smoking article and such that add-on zones of adjacent regions are spaced from one another longitudinally. Preferably, the longitudinal expanse or “width” of the zones, e.g &gt;,  280   a,    280   b  (i.e., the zone width or region width as previously defined) lies in the range of about 8 to about 10 mm. The circumferential offset, x, between (i) the zones  282   a,    282   b  of the region  274   b  and (ii) the zones  280   a,    280   b  of the region  274   a  preferably lies in the range of about 10% to about 35% of the total, unwrapped cross-measure of the base web  123 . More preferably, the circumferential offset, x, lies in the range of about 12% to about 35% of the total, unwrapped cross-measure of the base web  123 . Most preferably, the circumferential offset, x. is about half the circumferential dimension or cross-measure of the add-on zone  280   a,    280   b.  The zones of add-on material in other regions,  274   c,    274   d,  are likewise further offset circumferentially by the &lt;same offset, x, with respect to each other. It will be noted that, for example, in region  274   d  one of the zones  286   a,    286   e  of add-on material gets split between the two edge portions of the base web  123  when the base web is in an unwrapped condition. 
     The pattern  300  applied in regions  274   a - 274   d  preferably repeats along, the length of the base web  123 . Clearly, if the circumferential offset, x, is less than 12.5% of the cross-directional width of the base web, more than four regions will define a complete cycle or phase length for the pattern  300 . Conversely, if the circumferential offset, x, is greater than 12.5%., leas than four regions will define a complete cycle length for the pattern  300  (as in the case of the  FIG.  17    pattern). 
     A further embodiment of the pattern  300  (see  FIG.  19   ) uses quadrilateral zones  290   a,    290   b  of add-on material, namely substantially parallelogram-shaped zones. While the zones  290   a,    292   a  are arranged so as to be in general helical alignment with one another when the wrapper is formed into a tobacco rod  122 , the configuration of the parallelogram shapes  290 ,  292 ,  294 ,  296  may be selected as desired. For example, the mirror images of the shapes (mirrored about the longitudinal direction) could be used, even though the general helical impression might be lost. Likewise, the skewness of the parallelogram zones may be changed as may be desired. Generally, however, the circumferential dimensions, circumferential spacing or offset, longitudinal dimensions, and longitudinal spacing or offset of the zones  290 ,  292 ,  294 ,  296  and the regions  31   a - 31   d  in this embodiment may be selected as described in other embodiments. 
     Still another embodiment of the pattern  300  (see . FIG.  20   ) uses quadrilateral zones  310 ,  312 ,  314 ,  316  of add-on material, namely substantially trapezoidal zones. Here again, the generally trapezoidal zones  310   a,    312   a  may be arranged so as to be in general helical alignment with one another when the wrapper is combined into a tobacco rod  122 . in addition, the actual shape of the trapezoidal zones  310 ,  312 ,  314 ,  316  may be selected as desired. For example, the skewness of the trapezoidal zones, and the proportions of the trapezoidal zones may be changed as may be desired. Generally, however, the circumferential dimensions, circumferential spacing or offset, longitudinal dimensions, and longitudinal spacing or offset of the zones  310 ,  312 ,  314 ,  316  and the regions  274   a - 274   d  in this embodiment may be selected as described in other embodiments. It is preferred that the leading edge  146  be the longer of the two parallel edges of the zones  310 . 
     Yet another embodiment of the pattern  300  (see FIG. 21 ) uses generally triangular zones  320 ,  322 ,  324 ,  326  of add-on material. The generally triangular zones  320   a,    320   b  of region  274   a  may be constructed and arranged so as to touch the corresponding generally triangular zones  322   a,    322   b  of the next adjacent region  274   b.  If the IP and SE characteristics desired require it, the generally triangular zones  320   a,    320   b  of the first region  274   a  may be longitudinally spaced from the triangular zones  322   a,    322   b  of the adjacent region  274   b,  Depending on the characteristics required for the smoking article design, it is also contemplated that the generally triangular regions may be oriented so that the burning coal of a smoldering smoking article encounters the triangular apex and gradually increasing cross-directional dimension of the generally triangular zones (i.e., from right-to-left in  FIG.  21   ), or such that the burning coal of a smoldering smoking article encounters the base of the triangular zones and an abrupt increase in the lower permeability zones (i.e, from left-to-right in  FIG.  21   ). Circumferential spacing of the triangular zones  320 ,  322 .  324 ,  326  and the size of those triangular zones may be determined in accordance with the preferred ranges set out elsewhere in this description. Moreover, the triangular zones may be isosceles triangles as depicted, or equilateral triangles, or right triangles, or any other desired triangular shape that may be desired. Generally, however, the circumferential dimensions, circumferential spacing or offset, longitudinal dimensions, and longitudinal spacing or offset of the zones  320 ,  322 ,  324 ,  326  and the regions  274   a - 274   d  in this embodiment may be selected as described in other embodiments. Preferably, the triangular forms of the zones  320  are oriented so that a leading edge  146  (closest to an approaching coal) is established. 
     The operation of these embodiments for the wrapper pattern  300  is best understood by consideration of  FIGS.  22 - 24   . These figures illustrate three different positions of the smoking article  120  resting on the substrate  260  and are illustrative of the cooperation which occurs between the zones of low permeability add-on material and the substrate  260 . One position (see  FIG.  22   ) illustrates a side view of the smoking article  120  according to this description. Rotation of the smoking article through a 45° angle about its longitudinal axis (clockwise from the left end of  FIG.  22   ) results in an elevation similar to that Shown in  FIG.  23   , Similarly, further rotation of the smoking article  120  through another 45° angle (also clockwise from the left end of  FIG.  22   ) results in an elevation to that illustrated in  FIG.  24   . In each of  FIGS.  22 - 24    it can be seen that at least one pair of zones of add-on material are positioned n the sides of the smoking article at a location along the length of the tobacco rod  122 , e.g., zones  332 ,  332 ′ of  FIG.  22   , zones  324 ,  324 ′ of  FIG.  23   , and zones  326 ,  326 ′ of  FIG.  24   . At those locations where the zones  332 ,  332 ′ of add-on material are positioned substantially on the sides of the smoking article  120  ( FIG.  26   ), the zones  332 ,  332 ′ are substantially upright or generally perpendicular to the surface of the substrate  260 . That orientation of the zones  337 ,  332 ′ is best illustrated in  FIG.  27   , where the opposed zones  332 ,  332 ′ are located on corresponding opposed sides of the smoking article  120  when viewed in cross section, substantially symmetrically positioned relative to a diameter of the tobacco rod  122 , which diameter is substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate  260 . 
     Orientation of the zones of add-on material at other longitudinal locations along the smoking article  20  are shown in  FIGS.  25  and  26   . In  FIG.  25   , the zones  330 ,  330 ′ of add-on material. are positioned such that one zone  330  touches the substrate  260 . The zones  334 ,  334 ′ of the smoking article  120  in  FIG.  22    would also be positioned as in  FIG.  25   , when viewed from the right end of  FIG.  22   . In  FIG.  26   , one zone  336 ′ contacts the substrate  260 . but the other opposed zone  336  is located at the top of the smoking article  120 . From consideration of  FIGS.  22 - 24   , it will be appreciated that regardless of the angular position of a smoking article  120  having the pattern of zones of add-on material described, at least one pair of opposed zones of add-on material are positioned as shown in  FIG.  25   , or  FIG.  27   , or a rotated position between those positions. This position has been referred to above as the oriented snuffer region. 
     Accordingly it is seen that the spirally rotated position of the opposed zones of add-on material creates a situation where, regardless of which side portion of the wrapper is placed against the substrate  260 , there will always be at least one longitudinal location having film-forming compound at side portions not in contact with the substrate  98  yet having a sufficient add-on amount and geometry that the zones can cooperate with the substrate  260  to self-extinguish the smoking article when the burn line reaches that longitudinal location. This fact results in improved IP performance of the smoking article and permits a smoking article to be designed with an IP value no greater than 25%. Nevertheless, in the absence of a substrate  260 , the smoking article does not self-extinguish yet maintains a free-burn, such as when the smoking article is held by a smoker. This fact results in improved SE performance of the smoking article and permits a smoking article to be designed with an SE value no greater than 50%, that SE value may be the SE average value. SE values at 0° may be much lower that the SE average value and may be less than 25%. 
     In the embodiments described above, the smoking article has a generally circular cross section. Therefore, it is possible for any side portion of the smoking article to rest against the substrate  260 . However, a pattern as taught herein can be such that the burn characteristics described above (IP values no greater than 25% and SE values no greater than 50% in relation to  FIGS.  14  and  15    can be realized, regardless of which side portion of the smoking article happens to rest against the substrate  260 . Preferably, the pattern is selected so that when the base web is wrapped around a tobacco rod  122 , zones of film-forming compound appear at opposing sides not in contact with the substrate  260  at one or more (preferably at least two) longitudinal locations along the tobacco rod  122 . 
     If desired, the zones of add-on material may also comprise other geometric shapes other than quadrilaterals including, for example, ovals, other polygons, or the like. Furthermore, the helix angle Φ described above may be increased while keeping the dimensions of zones the same as in the illustrated embodiments. That change can place the zones in overlapping pattern (or at least place zones in close proximity to one another). Alternatively, a stepped helical pattern may be thrilled by increasing the cross-directional dimension of the zones or patches while the helix angle is the same as in  FIG.  17    and/or a zone of equal size to that shown in  FIG. l 7    may be placed between each patch and along paths  270 ,  272 ,  272 .′ (so that there are  12 , instead of  6  patches along a path  270 ). 
     Slit Bonded Regions 
     Other patterns for the regions of add-on material are also, of course, within the scope of this disclosure. Moreover, the inclusion of an anti-wrinkling agent in the aqueous solutions used to form the banded regions allows intricate patterns to be effected. 
     For example, in another embodiment, the banded region can comprise first, second and third zones of add-on material, which may be applied by any of the methods disclosed herein, wherein the second zone includes perforations which preferably are filled with an occluding material which melts or is evaporated when the burning coal approaches the banded region to thereby provide the second zone with increased permeability. 
     Thus, a wrapper of a smoking article is disclosed comprising a base web and at least one transverse banded region with first, second and third zones. The first and third zones comprise add-on material, which reduces permeability of the wrapper. The first and third zones each have a width such that if either of said first or third zone were applied separately to wrappers of smoking articles, the smoking articles would exhibit statistically significant occurrences of total burn through and statistically few or no occurrences of self-extinguishment under free burn conditions e.g after testing a batch of  20  to  50  cigarettes). The sum of the widths of the first and third zones is such that if the zones were applied to wrappers of smoking articles as a single continuous band (without a slit or other discontinuity), the smoking articles would exhibit statistically few or no occurrences of total burn through and statistically significant occurrences of self-extinguishment under free burn conditions. The first and third. zones are separated by the second zone. The wrapper has greater permeability along the second zone than along the first and third zones. The second zone has a width less than either width of the first and third zones (which can have equal or unequal widths), so that lit smoking articles comprising the first, second and third zones exhibit statistically reduced occurrences of self-extinguishment under free burn conditions, as compared to smoking articles comprising wrappers whereon the first and third zones are applied as a single continuous band, while maintaining statistically few or no occurrences of total bit through. Preferably, the first and third zones are of uniform add on material across the first and third zones. Optionally, the second zone may have a width essentially equal to the first and third zones. 
     Total weight of add-on material for the banded region preferably lies in the range of 0.5 to 15 grams per square meter (“gsm”). Conventional cigarette paper is permeable, with the permeability commonly designated its CORESTA, which measures paper permeability in terms of volumetric flow rate (i.e., cm 3 /sec) per unit area (i.e., cm 2 ) per unit pressure drop (i.e., cm of water). Permeability of the cigarette paper normally exceeds 20 CORESTA and preferably, the cigarette paper has a permeability of about 33 to about 60 CORESTA and a basis weight of about 22-30 gsm. However, permeability through the banded regions and the underlying cigarette paper preferably lies in the range of 0 to 15 CORESTA. The reduction in permeability preferably restricts air flow needed to support combustion of the cigarette coal in the vicinity of the banded region. 
     The first and third zones preferably have a greater basis weight in grams per square meter than the intermediate second zone; for example, the basis weight in grams per square meter of the first and third zones may be at least twice the basis weight in grams per square meter of the second zone. The second zone may comprise a gap. As used herein, the term “gap” refers to a discrete area of a banded region, between the first and third zones, lacking any permeability reducing add-on material (i.e., containing no layers of permeability reducing add-on material). In order to aid combustion in the second zone, the wrapper may comprise iron oxide at the location of the second zone. The second zone preferably has a greater permeability than the first and third zones. 
     The at least one transverse banded region preferably comprises a first printed layer contacting the base web and a second printed layer, preferably having an equal or greater basis weight in grams per square meter than the first printed layer, on the first printed layer. However, the second and/or subsequent layers may be less in basis weight than the first layer. For example, the basis weight in grams per square meter of the second printed layer may be at least twice the basis weight in grams per square meter of the first printed layer. In an embodiment, the second zone may comprise a single printed layer and the first and third zones may each comprise at least two printed layers (more preferably three or more layers), Alternatively, the first and third zones may each comprise at least three or four printed layers, and the second zone may comprise only one Of two or no printed layers. 
     Non-banded areas of the base web preferably do not comprise permeability reducing add-on material. As described below with reference to  FIG.  30   , the transverse banded region may comprise greater than three zones. For example, the transverse banded region may comprise, for example, five zones, with the second and fourth zones separating the first, third and fifth zones and the wrapper haying greater permeability along, the second and fourth zones than along the first, third and fifth zones. 
     Also provided is a wrapper of a smoking article comprising a base web and a transverse banded region of add-on material. The transverse banded region is designed to cause extinguishment of smoking articles comprising the transverse banded region when left upon a substrate. The wrapper further comprises a more permeable, intermediate zone along the transverse banded region such that the occurrences of self-extinguishments of smoking articles comprising the wrapper is statistically reduced over those without the intermediate zone. 
     In a further embodiment, a wrapper of a smoking article comprises a base web and at least one transverse banded region comprising first, second and third zones on the base web. The at least one transverse banded region can be free of fillers and optionally at least one of the zones is formed at least in part from an add-on material which includes a filler. The add-on material is preferably uniform across the first and third zones. The first and third zones are outward of the second zone, and the overall wrapper structure at the second zone has a greater permeability compared to the overall wrapper structure at the first and third zones. 
     Additionally provided is a wrapper of a smoking article comprising a base web and at least one transverse banded region comprising first, second and third zones on the base web. The first and third zones are outward of the second zone., the second zone has a greater permeability compared to the first and third zones, and the second zone and the first and third zones comprise add-on material. 
     Moreover, provided is a method of making a banded wrapper of a smoking article comprising supplying a base web and forming at least one transverse banded region comprising first, second and third zones on the base web. The first and third zones are outward of the second zone, the second zone has a greater permeability compared to the first and third. zones, and at least the first and third zones are formed from an add-on material free of fillers. Optionally at least one of the zones is formed at least in part from an add-on material which includes a filler. The add-on material is preferably uniform across the first and third zones. 
     Furthermore, provided is a method of making a banded wrapper of a smoking article comprising supplying a base web and forming at least one transverse handed region comprising first, second and third zones on the base web. The first and third. zones are outward of the second zone, the second zone has a greater permeability compared to the first and third zones, and the second zone and the first and third zones are formed from an add-on material. Optionally at least one of the zones is firmed at least in part from an add-on material which includes a filler. The add-on material is preferably uniform across the first and third zones. 
       FIGS.  28 - 33    illustrate smoking articles comprising, slit banded paper as described herein. Specifically,  FIG.  28    illustrates a smoking article having two banded regions  126 , each comprising first and third zones of add-on material  400 .  402  separated by a second zone  404 , which may be in the form of a gap or may be in the form of a zone of reduced add-on material. The first and third, zones of add-on material  400 ,  402  may each be, for example, about 2-5 mm wide, and the second zone  404  may be, for example, about 1-2 mm wide. More specifically, the first and third zones of add-on material  400 ,  402  may each be, for example, about 3 mm wide, and the second zone  404  may be, for example, about 1.5 or 2 mm wide. The first and third zones of add-on material  400 ,  402  preferably comprise multiple layers of add-on material, such as, for example, two, three or four layers of add-on material. The add-on material is preferably uniform across the first and third zones  400 ,  402 . 
       FIG.  30    illustrates a smoking article having two banded regions  126 , each comprising first, third and fifth zones of add-on material  410 ,  412 ,  414  separated by second and fourth zones  416 ,  418 , which may be in the form of gaps (see  FIG.  31   ) or in the form of reduced levels of add-on material (see  FIG.  38   ). The first, third and tin zones of add-on material  410 ,  412 ,  414  may each be, for example, about 2-3 mm wide, and the second and fourth zones  416 ,  418  may each be, for example, about 1-2 mm wide. More preferably, the first, third and fifth zones of add-on material  410 ,  412 ,  414  may each be, for example, about 2 mm wide, and the second and fourth zones  416 ,  418  may each be, for example, about 1 mm wide or less. The first, third and fifth zones of add-on material  410 ,  412 ,  414  preferably comprise multiple layers of add-on material, such as, for example, two, three or four layers of add-on material. The add-on material is preferably uniform across the first, third and fifth zones  410 ,  412 ,  414 . 
       FIG.  32    illustrates a smoking article having two banded regions  126 , each comprising first and third zones of add-on material  420 ,  422  separated by a second zone  424  of less add-on material. The first and third zones of add-on material  420 ,  422  may each be, for example, about 2-3 mm wide, and the second zone of less add-on material  424  may be, for example, about 1-2 mm wide. More preferably, the first and third zones of add-on material  420 ,  422  may each be, for example, about 3 mm wide, and the second zone of less add-on material  424  may be, for example, about 2 mm wide or less. The first and third zones of add-on material  420 ,  422  preferably comprise multiple layers of add-on material, such as, for example, two, three or four layers of add-on material, while the second zone of less add-on material  424  may comprise, for example, one or two layers of add-on material. The add-on material is preferably uniform across the first and third zones  420 ,  422 . Although second zones  424  are operative at a 1 mm width, the embodiment performs better at a 1.2 mm width or greater. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  28 - 33   , slit banded paper facilitates use of wrappers of lower permeability for a given level of CO than prior designs of banded paper. For example, it was found that a tobacco rod comprising paper having a permeability of 33 CORESTA and a CO (FTC) delivery of 11 mg would produce 15 mg of CO (FTC) if previous versions of bands were applied without further change. In order to counteract his increase, the permeability of the wrapper would have to be raised to about 46 CORESTA. Such changes create a multitude of consequence in cigarette design, such as, for example, impacting puff count, possibly lessening machineability of the paper, and the like, in contrast, the slit banded paper having a permeability of 33 CORESTA provided 12 mg CO (FTC). Thus, the slit banded technology described herein facilitates application of bands with a lesser impact on CO levels (FTC). 
     Referring to  FIGS.  34 - 37   , further embodiments may include banded regions wherein the zones extend longitudinally instead of circumferentially. More specifically,  FIG.  34    corresponds to banded region configuration of  FIG.  30    with the zones extending longitudinally instead of circumferentially, and  FIG.  36    corresponds to banded region configuration of  FIG.  32    with the zones extending longitudinally instead of circumferentially. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the first layer of each banded region is preferably formed using an aqueous occlusive composition, which extends completely across the banded region. The successive layer (or layers) of each banded region may be formed by using the same aqueous film-forming composition or different aqueous compositions. For example, multiple layers may all comprise layers containing exclusively starch or multiple layers may comprise one or more layers containing exclusively starch and one or more layers containing calcium carbonate (in any order). During gravure printing, the occlusive composition is preferably heated to a temperature where its viscosity lies within the range of viscosities suitable for gravure printing. When the heated occlusive composition is applied, the occlusive composition is cooled or quenched and may be gelatinized. Thus, a portion of the free water in the occlusive composition becomes bound and unavailable to soak or migrate into underlying fibers of the base web. That binding of free water inhibits formation of waviness, cockling, and/or wrinkling in the base web. Successive layers of the banded regions preferably have increased thickness relative to the first layer. The banded regions provide a reduction in permeability to the underlying base web, which preferably restricts air flow needed to support combustion of the cigarette coat in the vicinity of the banded region. 
     The occlusive composition iced in the occlusive composition may be selected from the group consisting of starch, alginate, carrageenan, guar gum, pectin, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the occlusive composition comprises starch, mare preferably oxidized starch, such as, for example, tapioca starch, more specifically oxidized tapioca starch. In these embodiments, the occlusive composition preferably does not contain fillers, such as, for example, calcium carbonate, which would increase the burn rate through the banded region. In a preferred embodiment, the occlusive composition used for printing comprises water and about 20% to about 50%, by weight, of the occlusive composition. At higher concentrations of the occlusive composition in the composition, the composition may experience gelatinization when its temperature is rapidly reduced. Thus, the binding of free water into the printed banded region may occur. 
     At too n temperature (about 23° C.), the high-solids-content occlusive composition has a viscosity exceeding about 200 centipoises (cP) and is unsuitable for gravure printing; however, at a temperature in the range of about 40° to about 90° C., the viscosity of the occlusive composition is decreased sufficiently for use as a gravure printing composition. For gravure printing, the upper limit of suitable viscosity is about 200 cP. Most preferably, the occlusive composition has a viscosity of about 100 cP at a temperature in the range of 40° C. to 90° C. so that the composition can be quenched on contact with the paper after gravure printing at that temperature. The viscosity of the composition at room temperature is also important. The high viscosity at room temperature is needed so that the occlusive composition gels at room temperature. 
     Preferably, the banded regions are applied to the wrapper using a successive gravure printing process. Gravure printing operations are capable of precise registry of successive printing operations. Accordingly, gravure printing can he used to effectively print not only the first layer of the banded regions, but also the optional successive layers. 
     EXAMPLES 
     The following examples are intended to be non-limiting and merely illustrative. Cigarettes with five different wrappers (i.e., wrappers with five different banded region configurations), were tested for ignition propensity (“IP”) and self-extinguishment (“SE”) at 0° (horizontal). The base web of each of the wrappers had a permeability of 33 CORESTA and basis weight of 25 gsm. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
                 TABLE X 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Banded 
                 Total 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Region 
                 Banded 
               
               
                 Wrap- 
                 Configu- 
                 Region 
                 IP 
                 IP 
                 IP 
                 IP 
                 SE 
               
               
                 per 
                 ration* 
                 Width 
                 Run 1 
                 Run 2 
                 Run 3 
                 Avg. 
                 @ 0° 
               
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 A 
                 control 
                 6 mm 
                 0% 
                 0% 
                 0% 
                     0% 
                 95% 
               
               
                 B 
                 3-1-3 
                 7 mm 
                 0% 
                 2.5%     
                 0% 
                 0.8% 
                 60% 
               
               
                 C 
                 3-2-3 
                 8 mm 
                 0% 
                 0% 
                 5% 
                 1.7% 
                 25% 
               
               
                 D 
                 2-2-2 
                 6 mm 
                 2.5%     
                 0% 
                 0% 
                 0.8% 
                 45% 
               
               
                 E 
                 2-1-2-1-2 
                 8 mm 
                 2.5%     
                 2.5%     
                 2.5%     
                 2.5% 
                 20% 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *Numbers refer to zone widths in mm (see Tables XI-XV below) 
               
            
           
         
       
     
     Referring to Table X, wrapper A was a control, comprising a continuous, solid 6 mm printed banded region, having an add-on rate of 5.5X. As used herein, an add-on rate of 5.5X results in 8-9 gsm of add-on material on a dry weight basis, and a basis weight of 26.5 gsm for 6 min banded regions with a 27 mm phase (i.e., the spacing from the leading edge of a banded region to the leading edge of the next banded region) applied to a base web with a basis weight of 25 gsm. 
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE XI 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Details of Wrapper B 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Zone 1 
                 Zone 2 
                 Zone 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Width 
                 3 mm 
                 1 mm 
                 3 mm 
               
               
                   
                 Layers of Add-on 
                 2 
                 1 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                 Material 
               
               
                   
                 Add-on Rate Per Layer 
                 1.5x/4x 
                 1.5x/0 
                 1.5x/4x 
               
               
                   
                 Total Add-on Material 
                 5.5x 
                 1.5x 
                 5.5x 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE XII 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Details of Wrapper C 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Zone 1 
                 Zone 2 
                 Zone 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Width 
                 3 mm 
                 2 mm 
                 3 mm 
               
               
                   
                 Layers of Add-on 
                 2 
                 1 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                 Material 
               
               
                   
                 Add-on Rate Per Layer 
                 1.5x/4x 
                 1.5x/0 
                 1.5x/4x 
               
               
                   
                 Total Add-on Material 
                 5.5x 
                 1.5x 
                 5.5x 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE XIII 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Details of Wrapper D 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Zone 1 
                 Zone 2 
                 Zone 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Width 
                 2 mm 
                 2 mm 
                 2 mm 
               
               
                   
                 Layers of Add-on 
                 2 
                 2 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                 Material 
               
               
                   
                 Add-on Rate Per Layer 
                 1.5x/4x 
                 1.5x/2x 
                 1.5x/4x 
               
               
                   
                 Total Add-on Material 
                 5.5x 
                 3.5x 
                 5.5x 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
               
             
               
                 TABLE XIV 
               
             
            
               
                   
               
               
                 Details of Wrapper E 
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                   
                 Zone 1 
                 Zone 2 
                 Zone 3 
                 Zone 4 
                 Zone 5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
            
           
           
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
               
                 Width 
                 2 mm 
                 1 mm 
                 2 mm 
                 1 mm 
                 2 mm 
               
               
                 Layers of Add-on 
                 2 
                 1 
                 2 
                 1 
                 2 
               
               
                 Material 
               
               
                 Add-on Rate Per Layer 
                 1.5x/4x 
                 1.5x/0 
                 1.5x/4x 
                 1.5x/0 
                 1.5x/4x 
               
               
                 Total Add-on Material 
                 5.5x 
                 1.5x 
                 5.5x 
                 1.5x 
                 5.5x 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     As compared to control wrapper A, wrappers B-E exhibited the desired reduction in SE while maintaining IP (Le., without significantly increasing IP). In particular, wrapper B exhibited an improvement over control wrapper A, as evidenced by the decrease in SE average from 9 to 60%. Further, comparing wrappers B and D, it can be seen that by increasing the width of the second zone from 1 mm to 2 mm, the SE average decreased from 60% to 25% (while approximately maintaining the IP value). Thus, the width of the second zone is preferably greater than 1 mm, preferably about 1.5 mm or about 2 mm. While good results were also shown by wrapper c, which exhibited an SE average of 45% the best results were shown by wrapper E, which exhibited an SE average of 20%, 
     It should be noted that wrapper E, having a banded region comprising first, second, third, fourth and fifth zones and which showed the best results, had 1 mm, second and fourth zones of greater permeability. In contrast wrapper B, having a banded region comprising just first, second and third zones, with a 1 mm second zone of a greater permability, did not perform as well. Thus, wrappers having banded regions comprising just first, second and third zones preferably have wider zones of greater permeability (i.e., about 1.5 mm or about 2 mm than the zones of greater permeability of wrappers having banded regions comprising first, second, third, fourth and fifth zones. 
     Moreover, a method of making a handed wrapper of a smoking article may comprise supplying a base web and forming at least one transverse banded region comprising first, second and third zones on the base web. The first and third zones are outward of the second zone, the second zone has a greater permeability compared to the first and third zones, and at least the first and third zones are formed from an add-on material free of fillers. Optionally at least one of the zones is formed at least in pan from an add-on material which includes a filler. The add-on material is preferably uniform across the first and third zones. 
     Furthermore, a method of making a banded wrapper of a smoking article may comprise supplying a base web and forming at least one transverse banded region comprising first, second and third zones on the base web. The first and third zones are outward of the second zone, the second zone has a greater permeability compared to the first and third zones, and the second zone and the first and third zones are formed from an add-on material. Optionally at least one of the zones is formed at least in part from an add-on material which includes a filler. The add-on material is preferably uniform across the first and third zones. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the first layer of each banded region is preferably formed using an, aqueous occlusive composition, which extends completely across the banded region. The successive layer for layers) of each banded region may be formed by using the same aqueous film-forming composition or different aqueous compositions. For example, multiple layers may all comprise layers containing exclusively starch or multiple layers may comprise one or more layers containing exclusively starch and one or more layers containing calcium carbonate (in any order). During gravure printing, the occlusive composition is preferably heated to a temperature where its viscosity lies within the range of viscosities suitable for gravure printing. When the heated occlusive composition is applied, the occlusive composition is cooled or quenched and may be gelatinized. Thus, a portion of the free water in the occlusive composition becomes bound and unavailable to soak or migrate into underlying fibers of the base web. That binding of free water inhibits formation of waviness, cockling, and/or wrinkling in the base web. Successive layers of the banded regions preferably have increased thickness relative to the first layer. The banded regions provide a reduction in permeability to the underlying base web, which preferably restricts air flow needed to support combustion of the cigarette coal in the vicinity of the handed region. 
     In embodiments which include a layer of add-on material that includes calcium carbonate, that layer is preferably applied as an upper layer for a banded region intended for the outside of the wrapper or adjacent the wrapper for a handed region i r the inside of the wrapper so as to maximize its favorable effect on appearance of the smoking article. 
     The occlusive composition of the banded regions may be selected from the group consisting of starch, alginate, carrageenan, guar gum, pectin, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the occlusive composition comprises starch, more preferably oxidized starch, such as, for example, tapioca starch, more specifically oxidized tapioca starch. In embodiments, the occlusive composition preferably does not contain fillers, such as, for example, calcium carbonate, which would increase die burn rate through the banded region. In a preferred embodiment, the occlusive composition used for printing comprises water and about 20% to about 50%, by weight, of the occlusive composition. At higher concentrations of the occlusive composition in the composition, the composition may experience gelatinization when its temperature is rapidly reduced. Thus, the binding of free rater into the printed banded region may occur. 
     At room temperature (about 23° C.), the high-solids-content occlusive composition has a viscosity exceeding about 200 centipoises (cP) and is unsuitable for gravure printing; however, at a temperature in the range of about 40° C. to about 90° C., the viscosity of the occlusive composition is decreased sufficiently for use as a gravure printing composition. For gravure printing, the upper limit of suitable viscosity is about 200 cP. Most preferably, the occlusive composition has a viscosity of about 100 cP at a temperature n the range of 40° C. to 90° C. so that the composition can be quenched on contact with the paper after gravure printing at that temperature. Such an occlusive composition may comprise 24% by weight starch. Alternatively, the occlusive composition may comprise 20% by weight starch, which has a viscosity of about 10-40 cP at room temperature, and low viscosity at higher temperatures. The viscosity of the composition at room temperature is also important. The high viscosity at room temperature is needed so that the Occlusive composition gels at room temperature. 
       FIG.  39    is a perspective view of a smoking article  120  having banded regions with angulated slits  450 .  FIG.  40    is an exemplary representation of angulated slits on an unfolded wrapper  140 .  FIG.  41    is a perspective view of a smoking article  120  having banded regions  126  with one or optionally two longitudinal slits  460  that terminate short of the leading edge  146  and the trailing edge  148  of the banded region  126 . 
       FIG.  42    is a side view of a smoking article comprising banded paper with banded regions having angulated slits as depicted in  FIG.  39   . In contrast to  FIG.  39   , however, the angulated slits  450  are inclined in the opposite direction to the slits of  FIG.  39   . 
     Another embodiment contemplates the use of circumferential slits in both the circumferential and longitudinal directions (see  FIG.  43   ). The resulting pattern of add-on material resembles spaced-apart regions  126  having a plurality of patches  460  therein. 
     In other embodiments, the longitudinally banded. regions  470  are helically wound about the length of the smoking article  120  (see  FIGS.  44 - 46   ). These helical arrangements are well-suited for generally circular cigarettes. When the smoking article  120  experiences free burn conditions, the opposed helically wound longitudinally banded regions only obstruct airflow to the burning coal of the tobacco rod by virtue of their reduced permeability. However, the unobstructed portions of the wrapper permit the smoking article to have consistent, and favorable, conditions to support combustion in the advancing coal of the smoking article. On the other hand, a vastly different situation occurs when the smoking article is placed on a substrate. The substrate blocks flow of air upwardly to the bottom portion of the tobacco rod. The opposed helically wound longitudinally banded regions and the substrate cooperate to define much smaller areas through which air can be delivered to the base web as previously discussed. 
       FIG.  44    illustrates a smoking article  120  including helical longitudinally banded regions  470  that preferably extend the length of the wrapper. It should be understood that the circumferential width of these helical bands  470  is preferably selected so that the helical bands  470  cover no more that about 33% of the surface area of the wrapper  123  surrounding the tobacco rod. The helical angle β (see  FIG.  12   ) of the helical longitudinally banded regions  470  is equal to arctangent (2l/c), where l is the length of the tobacco rod and c is the circumference of the smoking article. With die starting position of the helical longitudinally banded regions  470  as shown in  FIG.  44   , the smoking article  120  has one location along its length where the helical longitudinally banded regions  470  are n opposing relationship on a diameter of the smoking article which is parallel to a substrate when the smoking article  120  is placed on the substrate during testing. 
     Preferably the helical angle pi. of the helical longitudinally banded regions is selected such that at least one location along the tobacco rod exhibits the configuration shown In  FIG.  12   , regardless of the rotational position of the smoking article about its longitudinal axis. More preferably, the helical angle  13  is selected to lie between about arctangent (2l/0 and about arctangent (l/c) such that at least two locations along the tobacco rod exhibit the  FIG.  12    arrangement, regardless of rotational position of the smoking article about its longitudinal axis. If desired, the helical angle β can be selected with even smaller values than arctangent (l/c) so that even more occurrences of the  FIG.  12    condition occur throughout the length of the tobacco rod. 
     Such embodiments preferably assure that, independently of the angular position of the smoking article upon the substrate, the smoking article will have at least one location, and preferably two, three, four, or more locations, along its length where the helical longitudinally banded regions are positioned such that, in cross-section, the banded regions are substantially symmetrically disposed at the ends of a major dimension of the cross-section positioned parallel to an underlying substrate, the cross-sectional view being similar to  FIG.  12   . Preferably, the longitudinally banded regions cover 25% or less of the surface area of the smoking article and/or are less than or equal to about 6 mm wide in the circumferential direction. Preferably, each longitudinally banded region includes sufficient add-on material to reduce the permeability of the wrapper at each longitudinally banded region to about 0.0 to about 12 CORESTA, more preferably about 7 CRESTA or less. 
     When the angle β approaches 0, the banded regions  126  become longitudinal stripes  480  (see  FIG.  48   ) positioned generally parallel to the axis of the smoking article  120   
     A wrapper for a smoking article may also comprises a base web  140  (see  FIG.  49   ) having a nominal permeability and a plurality of banded regions  126  with sufficient add-on material such that the wrapper has a permeability at the banded. region less than the nominal permeability of the base web. A leading edge  500  of each banded region  126  may be crenellated. Optionally, a trailing edge  502  of the banded region may also be crenellated. 
     While various arrangements of the crenellated regions may occur to those skilled in the art, several such arrangements are illustrated in the appended figures. For example (see  FIG.  50   ), the banded region  12  may have a leading edge  500  in which the crenels  504  are disposed between merlons  506 . In this embodiment, the merlons  506  have a dimension in the transverse direction of the base web  140  which is substantially the same as the dimension in the. transverse direction of the crenels  504 . As depicted, the merlons  506  and associated crenels  504  may be generally rectangular. If desired, however, the merlons  506  and crenels  504  may have other geometric shapes including, without limitation, quadrilaterals, trapezoids, triangles, hexagons, and other regular or irregular geometric configurations. The distance between the top of a merlon  506  and the bottom of an adjacent crenel  504  may lie in the range of about 2 mm to about 5 mm, and preferably may be about 3 mm. At the trailing edge of the banded region  126 , a similarly crenellated arrangement may also be provided. 
     Turning to  FIG.  51   , the proportions of the merlons  524  and the crenels  526  of the leading edge  520  are different from the arrangement of  FIG.  50   . In  FIG.  51    the merlons  524  may have a cross-web dimension of about half the cross-web dimension of the associated (-rend  526 . Nevertheless, an integral number of pairs of merlons  524  and crenels  526  corresponds to the nominal circumference of smoking article, as discussed above. The height of the merlons  524 , or depth of the crenels  526  preferably lies in the same range of values as discussed in connection with  FIG.  59   . At the trailing edge of the embodiment of  FIG.  51   , the cross-web dimensions of the trailing edge merlons  530  and the trailing edge crenels  528  are different from the cross-web dimensions of the leading edge merlons and the leading edge crenels. 
     Turning to  FIG.  52   , the leading edge of the banded region  126  may have substantially the same characteristics discussed above in connection with  FIG.  50   . However, the trailing edge  540  may have merlons  542  having cross-web dimensions substantially greater than the cross-web dimensions of the opposed crenels  504  of the leading edge, while the cross-web dimensions of the trailing edge crenels  544  are substantially less than the cross-web dimensions of the corresponding opposed merlons  506  of the leading edge. 
       FIG.  53    illustrates yet another embodiment of the crenellated banded regions in accordance with this disclosure. In this embodiment, the leading edge  500  may have the characteristics described above in connection with  FIG.  50   . In this embodiment, however, the trailing edge  550  of the crenellated banded region  126  may be straight. 
     While the foregoing embodiments depict crenellated edges have a traditional notched shape, the crenellated band  126  of  FIG.  54    has a different shape for the crenellated edges  560 . More particularly, the crenellated edge  560  has merlons  506  that are substantially triangular separated by substantially triangular crenels  504 . If desired, the trailing edge  562  of the band may be straight. Preferably, however, the trailing edge  562  of the band  126  may also have the triangular crenellation configuration described above in connection with the leading edge  80 , 
     Similar to the crenellated band of  FIG.  54   , the crenellated band  126  of  FIG.  55    has a crenellated edge  80  having merlons that are substantially triangular, separated by, and defining, substantially triangular crenels. While, the trailing edge  562  of the band may be straight, in  FIG.  55   , the trailing edge  562  of the band also has the same triangular crenellation configuration as the leading edge  560 . As further illustrated in  FIG.  55   , the band may be divided into two band portions  564 ,  56 ′ that are spaced from one another by a “slit”  566 . The slit  81  typically does not exceed the widths of the individual band portions as measured in a direction generally parallel to the axis of a smoking article having the bands. The spacing feature provides a “slit”  566  (or discontinuity) in the band structure where there is a lesser amount of or no add-on material, 
       FIG.  56    shows crenellated bands similar to that of  FIG.  55   , but with the band divided into three band portions  564 ,  564 ′.  564 ″ that are spaced from one another along the axis of a smoking article by a pair of slits  566 ,  568 . 
     In an embodiment shown in  FIG.  57   , the band  126  has a different shape for the crenellated edges  560 . In particular, the leading, edge that is crenated (i.e., cut into rounded scallops). The scallops  505  (i.e., circle segments or angular projections) can have variable or uniform widths and/or lengths. The trailing edge  562  of the band can be straight, crenellated (in accordance with any of  FIGS.  49 - 56   ), or crenated. It is contemplated that the crenated band of  FIG.  57    can further include a “slit” in the band structure, as illustrated in  FIGS.  55 - 56   . In addition, while not illustrated, a band structure can comprise a crenulated (i.e., having an irregularly wavy or serrate outline) leading and/or trailing edge, the band optionally featuring one or more “slits”. 
     The geometry of the smoking article  120  may also be designed to aid in achieving a preferred orientation for purposes of IP reduction. For example, the opposed longitudinally banded regions  600  (see Fla  58 ) may be located at the edges of the major axis of a substantially elliptical smoking article  120 A, where the major axis of the substantially elliptical smoking article  120 A naturally rests in a position substantially parallel to the substrate  260  an which the smoking article is placed. 
     Such a smoking article  120 A is also known as an oval smoking article. The base web for wrapper used in such an oval smoking article preferably has applied to it. longitudinally banded regions of a film-forming compound (the constituents of which may be the same as discussed elsewhere in this description. Those longitudinally banded regions may be two parallel, longitudinal stripes extending longitudinally along side portions of the smoking article. Stated differently, the stripes may be provided on the base web so that, when the. paper is wrapped around the tobacco rod, the stripes are spaced about degrees apart from one another. A smoking article  120  may include longitudinally extending banded regions (or stripes) that preferably extend the length of the wrapper or tobacco rod. Preferably, the banded regions are mutually opposed along opposing sides of the smoking article. 
     Due to the nature of an ellipse, it can be appreciated that regardless of how an oval smoking article is placed on the substrate  260 , the smoking article  120 A will eventually rest in one of two stable positions, with either the tipper or lower side resting against the substrate, Therefore, even if longitudinally banded regions of add-on material are formed only along the side portions of the generally elliptical article where there is a maximum curvature, film-forming compound will always be present on those side portions of the smoking article  120 A that do not contact the substrate  260 . Moreover, cooperation between those longitudinally banded regions and the substrate  260  in the stable positions appears to function to restrict airflow into the tobacco rod and leads to self-extinction and a low IP value, regardless of how the smoking article  120  is initially placed on the substrate  230 . 
     The predetermined pattern of add-on material is typically applied to a base web having a permeability lying in the range of about 20 to about 80 CORESTA units. When dry, the add-on material often forms a film on the base web that is effective to locally reduce permeability to values lying in the range of 0 to about 12 CORESTA units, more preferably, 0 to about 10 CORESTA units. In some applications, the add-on material is applied as an aqueous solution including starch. 
     Printing Processes 
     Preferably, the banded region is applied to the wrapper using a gravure printing process. Gravure printing operations are capable of precise registry of successive printing operations. Accordingly, gravure printing can be used to effectively print not only the first layer of the banded regions, but also the optional successive layers. 
     In a successive gravure printing process, preferably after the first layer is applied to die base web it is allowed to dry thereon using suitable arrangements, prior to being advanced to a second gravure printing station where a second layer is applied to the first layer using conventional successive-pass gravure printing equipment. Preferably, the second layer is coextensive with the first layer in both width and length; however, the second layer may have a different basis weight in grams per square meter than the first layer. The occlusive composition of the second layer gels on the cooler first layer—and free water does not migrate or became absorbed by the paper. Preferably, the second layer is allowed to dry using suitable arrangements prior to being advanced to successive gravure printing station(s) where successive layer(s) are applied. Preferably, the successive layer(s) are coextensive with the previous layer(s) in both width and length (i.e., the layers do not have a stepped appearance); however, the successive layer(s) may have different basis weight in grams per square meter than the previous layer(s) or may comprise different add-on compositions. Preferably, successive layer(s) are preferably allowed to dry after the printing of each successive layer in accordance with well-known gravure printing techniques and conventional gravure printing systems. 
     The gravure printing process can be used immediately following paper manufacture, i.e., at a printing station at a location near the end of the paper making machine. Alternatively, the gravure printing process can be used in connection with reels carrying the wrapper onto which the banded regions are to be printed. For example, a reel of wrapper having a selected permeability and a selected basis weight is mounted so that the wrapper can be unspoiled from the reel as a continuous base web. 
     The base web advances or passes through a first gravure pinning station where the first layer of each banded region is printed on the. paper. The printing process may be applied to the felt side or the wire side of the paper, or both. Next, the wrapper passes through a second gravure printing station where a second layer of each banded region is printed on the corresponding first layer. Additional layers are applied in a similar manner as described. Finally, the wrapper with the printed banded regions is wound up on a collection reel. The collection reel is then cut into bobbins. The bobbins are then used during manufacture of the desired smoking article in conventional tobacco rod making machines. 
     The apparatus at each of the gravure printing stations is essentially the same its material aspects. Accordingly, it will suffice to describe one of the gravure printing stations in detail, it being understood that the Other gravure printing stations have common features, unless otherwise noted. A single pass technique can be used to make the banded paper instead of a multi-pass technique. 
     At the first gravure printing station, the apparatus includes a gravure cylinder or roller generally mounted for rotation around a horizontal axis. The generally cylindrical surface of the roller is patterned (i.e., with dots, lines, cells, etc.) in a suitable process to define a negative of the first layer of banded regions. Conventional engraving (etching), chemical engraving, electronic engraving, and photo etching can be used to pattern the surface of the gravure cylinder. The circumference of the roller is determined such that it is an integral multiple of the sum of the nominal distance between banded regions plus the banded region width. Thus, for each revolution of the roller, that integral number of first layers of the handed regions is printed on the wrapper. 
     With gravure printing, while each layer of add-on material n av be applied uniformly, each layer of add-on material need not be applied uniformly. For example, a layer of add-on material may be applied such that discrete portions of the layer have differing gsm weights than other areas of the layer. This may be accomplished, for example, by printing a discrete portion of the layer having a differing basis weight than other areas of tine layer in a separate printing stage using add-on material having a differing basis weight. Alternatively, a layer of add-on material may be applied such that discrete portions of the layer have differing depths than other areas of the layer. This may be accomplished, for example, by patterning the gravure cylinder or roller so as to provide a discrete portion, of the layer having a differing depth than other areas of the layer. 
     The multiple zones, for example, first, second and third zones, of the banded regions described herein may be applied in a single printing stage or multiple printing stages. When applied in multiple printing stages, each zone which contains add-on material may be applied in a separate printing stage. For example, for a banded region containing first, second and third zones, wherein only the first and third zones contain add-on material, the first zone may be applied in a first printing stage and the third zone may be applied in a second printing stage. Alternatively, when applied in a single printing stage, the zones containing add-on material are applied using an appropriately patterned gravure cylinder or roller. For example, for a banded region containing first, second and third zones, wherein only the first and third zones contain add-on material, the gravure cylinder or roller is patterned so as to apply add-on material only in the first and third zones. 
     An impression cylinder is mounted for counter-rotation on an axis parallel to the axis of the roller. In some applications, the impression cylinder includes a nonmetallic resilient surface. The impression cylinder is positioned between the roller and a backing roller, which is also mounted for rotation on an axis parallel to the axis of the roller and which counter-rotates relative to the impression cylinder. One of the functions provided by the backing roller is stiffening the central portions of the impression cylinder so that. the uniform printing pressure is attained between the roller and the impression cylinder. The gravure cylinder or roller and the impression cylinder cooperate to define a nip through which the base web advances during the printing process. That nip is sized to pinch the base web as it moves between the gravure cylinder and the impression cylinder. The nip pressure on the base web ensures the correct transfer of the composition from the cylinder to the paper. 
     A reservoir contains the occlusive composition discussed above for forming banded regions on the wrapper. The reservoir communicates with a suitable pump which is capable of handling the viscous occlusive composition. The occlusive composition may then flow to a suitable heat exchanger where the temperature of the occlusive composition is elevated so that it lies in the range of about 40° to about 90° C. so that the viscosity of the occlusive composition is adjusted to a level which is suitable for gravure printing. As discussed above, viscosity for gravure printing usually needs to be less than about 200 cP. Preferably, the temperature of the occlusive composition is selected so that the viscosity is less than about 100 cP. For example, the occlusive composition may have a viscosity of about 10-40 cP at room temperature. 
     While a separate heat exchanger is disclosed, it may be desirable to provide thermal conditioning of the occlusive composition in the reservoir itself For example, heating elements and stirring, apparatus may be included in the reservoir to maintain the elevated temperature for the occlusive composition. Placement of the thermal conditioning in the reservoir has the advantage of making pump selection and operating requirements simpler since the pump need not handle the occlusive composition at the higher viscosity associated with lower temperatures because the occlusive composition would already be heated and, therefore, at the lower viscosity. Whether thermal conditioning occurs in the reservoir or in a separate heat exchanger, it is important that the thermal conditioning step occur at a temperature selected to avoid scorching the occlusive composition. Scorching can cause discoloration of the occlusive composition, and can affect the occlusive characteristics of the composition. Thus, scorching is to be avoided while the occlusive composition is subjected to thermal conditioning. 
     Regardless of where the thermal conditioning step occurs, the heated occlusive composition is delivered to a suitable applicator that spreads the occlusive composition along the length of the gravure cylinder. That spreading step may be effected by pouring or spraying the occlusive composition onto the gravure cylinder, or simply by delivering the liquid occlusive composition to a bath of occlusive composition that collects at the bottom of the gravure cylinder, between the gravure cylinder and a collector. The cylinder may be heated to prevent premature cooling of the composition. 
     Generally, the collector extends vertically around the gravure roller to a height sufficient to collect the bath, but to a height well below the top of the gravure cylinder. When the bath reaches the top of the collector, occlusive composition can flow through a drain at the bottom of the apparatus back into the reservoir. Thus, the occlusive composition circulates through the printing station and can be maintained at suitable printing viscosity by the thermal conditioning apparatus discussed above. 
     As the gravure cylinder rotates through the applicator and/or the bath, the occlusive composition adheres to the surface of the gravure cylinder, including in the impressions provided therein to define the banded regions. Further rotation of the gravure cylinder toward the nip moves the cylinder surface past a suitable doctor blade. The doctor blade extends along t .he length of the gravure cylinder and is positioned so that is wipes the surface of the gravure cylinder. In this way, those portions of the gravure cylinder that define the nominal spacing between adjacent banded regions is essentially wiped clean of the occlusive composition, while engraved portions of the gravure cylinder that define the banded regions themselves advance toward the nip hill of the occlusive composition. 
     As the wrapper and the surface of the gravure cylinder move through the nip, the occlusive composition is transferred to the surface of the wrapper. The linear speed or velocity of the wrapper matches the tangential surface speed of both the gravure cylinder and the impression cylinder as the wrapper passes through the nip. In that way, slippage and/or smearing of the occlusive composition on the wrapper are avoided. 
     The thickness of the multilayer banded regions preferably is less than about 20% of the thickness of the base web, and may be less than 5% of the thickness of the base web. The thickness of the first layer of the banded region applied in the first gravure printing station, preferably is less than 4% of the base web thickness, and may be less than 1% of the base web thickness. Thus, it is seen that the thickness of the first layer is small in relation to the thickness of the underlying base web. 
       FIG.  59    is a schematic view of a multiple stage printing apparatus. With reference to the above -description for multiple stage printing.  FIG.  59    illustrates a reel  600 , first gravure printing station  602 , second gravure printing station  604 , third gravure printing station  506 , collection reel  608 . rollers  510 , impression cylinder  612 , backing roller  614 , nips  615 , reservoir  618 , pump  62 . 0 , heat exchanger  622 , applicator  624 , bath  626 , collector  627 , drain  628 , doctor blade  630 , adjustment cylinders  632 , and idler roller  634 . In  FIG.  59   , features of the first gravure printing station  602  contain reference numerals with the suffix “a”, corresponding features of the second gravure printing station  604  contain the same reference numeral with the suffix “b”, and corresponding features of the third gravure printing station  606  contain the same reference numeral with the suffix “c”. 
     As an alternative to printing, the banded regions may comprise a slurry of highly refined fibrous cellulose (e.g., fibers, fibrils, microfibrils, or combinations thereof) or other add-on material applied using various spray or coating techniques, including application techniques that utilize a moving orifice applicator at the forming section of a paper-making machine as described in commonly owned U.S. Pat. Nos, 5,997,691 and 6596,125 the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     When the word “about” is used in this specification in connection with a numerical value, it is intended that the associated numerical value include a tolerance of ±10% around the stated numerical value. Moreover, when reference is made to percentages in this specification, it is intended that those percentages are based on weight, i.e., weight percentages. 
     The terms and phases used herein are not to be interpreted with mathematical or geometric precision, rather geometric terminology is to be interpreted as meaning approximating or similar to the geometric terms and concepts. Terms such as “generally” and “substantially” are intended to encompass both precise meanings of the associated terms and concepts as well as to provide reasonable latitude which is consistent with form, function, and/or meaning. 
     It will now be apparent to those skilled in the art that this specification describes a new, useful, and nonobvious smoking article. It will also be apparent to those skilled in the art that numerous modifications, variations, substitutes, and equivalents exist for various aspects of the smoking article that have been described in the detailed description above. Accordingly, it is expressly intended that all such modifications, variations, substitutions, and equivalents that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims, be embraced thereby.