Patent Publication Number: US-2021180661-A1

Title: Gas spring and safety method for gas spring

Description:
The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/308,465 filed Nov. 2, 2016, which in turn claims priority on PCT Application Serial No. PCT/EP2015/063156 filed Jun. 12, 2015, which in turn claims priority on Swedish Patent Application Serial No. SE 1450765A filed Jun. 19, 2014, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a gas spring and a safety method for a gas spring. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In the pressing of sheet metal parts, gas springs are used during the forming process partly to hold the sheet during the forming process and partly to separate the mold halves after the sheet forming. Gas springs which support the blank holder are loaded at the start of the pressing process and unloaded upon upward movement of the press slide and press top part after completed sheet forming. How large a part of the gas spring is loaded is controlled by the pressing process, the look of the final-pressed sheet part and the utilized stroke length. For optimization of the sheet forming operation, full control over the pressing cycle is required. 
     There is a risk that the pressing cycle cannot be satisfactorily controlled. In the event of overload, the gas springs can be adversely affected in case of a stroke which has run through too far and is longer than the defined nominal stroke length of the gas spring. This overload causes damage to the tube of the gas spring, which leads to reduced working life and to the tube possibly falling apart in an uncontrolled and undesirable manner. In order to avoid this, gas springs have been equipped with protection against overstroke, which means that the gas can leak out safely should the gas spring be subjected to a stroke exceeding its nominal stroke length. Examples of such protections can be seen in EP 1366308 B1, EP 0959263 131, EP 2177783 A2 and WO 2010/102994 A1. 
     In the above-illustrated solutions for overstroke protection, situations can arise in which the protection triggers when it should not. One of these situations can be when the gas springs are connected in the pressing tool by hose coupling. When the gas in the spring is emptied in the course of, for example, servicing, the gas spring is made pressureless and the ability of the gas spring to support the blank holder vanishes. Due to the weight of the blank holder, the piston rod of the gas spring is then pushed inward in the spring and, when it reaches its end position, the weight of the blank holder can cause the overstroke protection to trigger: either as in EP 2177783 A2 and WO 2010/102994 A1, in which the guide is pushed into the tube, or as in EP 0959263 B1, in which the piston rod can push out the plug placed in the bottom part of the gas spring. 
     SUMMARY 
     An object is therefore to provide a gas spring haying a reduced risk of unnecessary triggering of the overstroke protection. 
     The invention is defined by the appended independent patent claims. Embodiments emerge from the dependent patent claims, from the following description and from the appended drawings. 
     According to a first aspect, a gas spring, comprising a gas cylinder, a piston rod which is movable in the axial direction in the gas cylinder, and a guide, wherein an axially outwardly open gap exists between a cylinder wall and the guide, is provided. The gas spring further comprises a protection, which is arranged so that it extends radially over the width of the gap. The dirt protection is fixed in the guide or in the cylinder wall and configured so that, when an axial force is applied to the protection, a first part of the force is transmitted to the guide and a second part of the force to the cylinder wall. 
     The axially outwardly open gap can run in the peripheral direction between the guide and the cylinder wall. 
     When an axially compressing force is applied to the gas spring, a part of the force is transmitted to the protection when the gas spring approaches overstroke viewed in the direction of compression, and that part of the force which strikes the protection is transmitted to the guide and the cylinder wall, such that the protection relieves the load on the guide. The protection thus delays triggering of the overstroke protection of the gas spring and reduces the risk of unnecessary triggering. 
     The protection can be provided with a circumferential flange, which has an extent in the axial and the radial direction. 
     The protection can be fixed, with the aid of the flange, in a radial recess in the guide. 
     The protection can be fixed, with the aid of the flange, in a radial recess in the inner wall surface of the gas cylinder. 
     The flange effects an at least substantially positive fixing of the protection relative to the guide and/or the cylinder wall. In addition, the flange can transmit an axially acting force to/from the part in which it is fixed. The flange can be divided, viewed in the peripheral direction of the protection, into at least 2, at least 5, at least 10, or at least 20 separated circular segments, with a flange-free spacing in the peripheral direction of the protection therebetween. 
     Division of the flange into circular segments with a flange-free spacing therebetween increases the flexibility of the flange in the radial direction and thereby facilitates mounting of the protection on the gas spring. In addition, through the choice of material and through the distribution and configuration of the flange-free spacings, the axial rigidity of the protection can be affected. The flange-free spacing between the circular segments for the gas also makes it easier for the gas to leak out in the event of an overstroke. 
     The expanse of the circular segment in the peripheral direction of the protection can be at least as large as, at least 1.5 times larger, at least 2 times larger, or at least 3 times larger than the flange-free spacing in the peripheral direction of the protection between two separated circular segments. 
     The expanse of a circular segment in the peripheral direction of the protection can be at least ⅓ of, at least ½ of, at least ⅔ of, or equally as large as the flange-free spacing in the peripheral direction of the protection between two separated circular segments. 
     The protection can comprise a guide contact portion, which effects sealing against the guide, and a cylinder contact portion, which effects sealing against the cylinder wall. 
     One of the guide contact portion and the cylinder contact portion can be pretensioned against the guide and the cylinder wall respectively. 
     The pretensioning can be in the axial direction and/or the radial direction. 
     The protection can further comprise a radial connecting part, which radially connects the guide contact portion and the cylinder contact portion. 
     The radial extent of the radial connecting part can be larger than the width of the gap. 
     At least one of the guide contact portion and the cylinder contact portion can have fixing members for positive fixing of the protection relative to the guide and the cylinder wall respectively. 
     An alternative to positive fixing can be frictional fixing. 
     The protection can have a spacer surface, which bears against a ramp surface of the end face of the gas cylinder in the axial direction or against a ramp surface on the guide. 
     The spacer surface can be formed on a portion running around the protection. 
     The ramp surface can constitute a chamfering of the transition of the axial end face to an outer wall surface of the gas cylinder. 
     The spacer surface can be configured in a radially outer part of the cylinder contact portion. 
     The ramp surface can alternatively constitute a chamfering of the axial end face of the guide at the transition to an inner, piston-rod-facing wall surface of the guide. 
     The spacer surface can alternatively be configured in a radially outer part of the guide contact portion. 
     The spacer surface and/or the ramp surface can be substantially conical or curved/rounded, for instance so that, when the protection is subjected to an axially compressing force, the spacer surface will be displaced radially outward in interaction with the ramp surface, wherein the material portion in which the spacer surface is formed is elastically stretched in the peripheral direction. This produces a peripherally acting compressing force, which, when the axially compressing force ceases to act, will cause the protection to return to its original position. The protection is thus guided out over the end face of the gas cylinder or the guide in the radial direction, and reduces the risk of bending of the protection when this is subjected to axial force. The spacer surface which bears against the ramp surface of the end face of the gas cylinder in the axial direction, or against the ramp surface on the guide, also absorbs a part of the axially compressing force. 
     The gas spring can further comprise a safety device which is configured to evacuate excess pressure from the gas cylinder in the event of a overstroke, and wherein the protection extends axially further out than a safety stroke of the gas spring, so that the protection transmits the axial force applied to the protection to the guide and the cylinder wall before the safety device is activated. 
     The safety device can be of the type of overstroke protection which is shown, for example, in EP 2177783 A2 and WO 2010/102994 A1, or of the type which is shown in EP 0959263 B1. 
     The protection does not however prevent the overstroke protection from being activated if overstroke occurs, but only prevents such activation occurring unnecessarily. 
     The protection can be configured and arranged so that it produces an axially expanding force between the guide and the cylinder wall once the axial force applied to the protection has been removed. 
     The protection thus helps to spring hack the guide into a starting position once the axial force applied to the protection has been removed. 
     Specifically, the protection can be configured and arranged to produce an axial force which is sufficiently large to restore the axial position of the guide from a position in which the safety device has not been activated to such an extent that gas has started to leak out. 
     The protection can be formed in a material having an E-modulus which is at least 1/100 to ⅕ of, at least 1/50 to ⅕ of, at least 1/25 to ⅕ of, or at least 1/10 to ⅕ of the E-moduli for the materials in which the guide and the gas cylinder are formed. 
     The material in the protection can be a polymer material which is chosen from a group consisting of plastic, rubber and rubbery materials. Examples of such materials are TPE, TPU and PU. 
     The protection can be arranged to transmit an axial force, applied to the protection, of 1000-50000 N, 2500-50000 N, 5000-50000 N, 10000-50000 N, 20000-50000 N, 30000-50000 N or 40000-50000 N to the guide and the cylinder wall. 
     The protection can be a dirt protection which seals between the guide and the gas cylinder, so that dirt is prevented from forcing its way down in the gap and into the gas spring. 
     The protection can, but does not have to be, integrated with a dirt protection. 
     The protection can be configured and arranged so that it prevents the guide from slipping into the gas cylinder when the gas spring is made pressureless. 
     According to a second aspect, a safety method for a gas spring comprising a gas cylinder, a piston rod which is movable in the axial direction in the gas cylinder, a guide, wherein an axially outwardly open gap exists between a cylinder wall and the guide, a protection, which is fixed in the guide or in the cylinder wall and arranged so that it extends radially over the width of the circumferential gap, is provided, wherein the safety method comprises: 
     applying a compressing axial force to the gas spring, 
     when the gas spring approaches overstroke viewed in the direction of compression, transmitting a part of the compressing axial force to the protection, 
     transmitting that part of the compressing axial force which strikes the protection to the guide and the cylinder wall. 
     The safety method can comprise further steps of: 
     producing, by means of the protection, an expanding force in the direction opposite to the direction of compression between the guide and the cylinder wall, and 
     returning the guide to a starting position once the compressing axial force has been removed. 
     In this way, the protection therefore helps to spring back the guide into its starting position when the axial force is removed. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a cross section of a gas spring provided with protection. 
         FIG. 2 a    shows a perspective view of a protection. 
         FIG. 2 b    shows a cross section of a protection. 
         FIG. 2 c    shows a cross section of a dirt protection. 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective view of a complete gas spring with protection. 
         FIGS. 4 a -4 c    are partial sections of a gas spring provided with protection and in which the process is shown for triggering of the overstroke protection of the gas spring. 
         FIG. 5  shows a cross section of a gas spring having a known type of dirt protection. 
         FIG. 6  shows a perspective view of the dirt protection in  FIG. 5 . 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Gas springs are equipped with protection against overstroke in order to reduce damage to the tube of the gas spring due to overload. The overstroke protection is designed so that the gas in the spring can leak out safely should the gas spring be subjected to a stroke exceeding the nominal stroke length of the gas spring. Various types of overstroke protection are found: either as in EP 2177783 A2 and WO 2010/102994 A1, in which the guide which projects beyond the tube edge of the gas cylinder is pushed into the tube, see  FIGS. 4 a   - 4   c,  or as in EP 0959263 B1, in which the piston rod can push out a plug placed in the bottom part of the gas spring. In the last-named case, the guide does not necessarily stick up out of the gas cylinder. 
     The embodiments of the invention which are discussed below for providing a gas spring having reduced risk of unnecessary triggering of the overstroke protection apply to both the abovementioned types of overstroke protection. In the application and in the figures however, for the sake of simplicity, only the first-named type is shown, but the solution which is discussed below provides the same effect regardless of the overstroke protection with which the gas spring is provided. 
     A gas spring according to the invention, having reduced risk of unnecessary triggering of the overstroke protection, see  FIG. 1 ,  FIG. 3  and  FIGS. 4 a   - 4   c,  consists of a gas cylinder  2 , a piston rod  3  which is movable in the axial direction in the gas cylinder  2 , a guide  4 , an axially outwardly open gap  6  situated between the guide  4  and the gas cylinder  2 . A protection  10  is arranged so that it extends radially over the width of the gap  6 . The protection  10  is fixed in the guide  4  or in the cylinder wall  5 . The protection is configured so that, when an axial force F is applied to the protection, a first part of the force F is transmitted to the guide  4  and a second part of the force to the cylinder wall  5 . 
     The protection  10  distributes the thereto applied force F to the guide  4  and the cylinder wall  5 , such that the protection  10  relieves the load on the guide  4 . With the unloading of the guide  4 , the activation of the overstroke protection of the gas spring  1  is delayed, whereby the risk of unnecessary triggering of the overstroke protection is reduced. The protection  10  also prevents the guide  4  from slipping into the gas cylinder  2  when the spring is made pressureless. 
     The distribution of the force applied to the protection  10 , which force is transmitted to the guide  4  or the cylinder wall  5 , can be 50-50, 40-60, 60-40, 30-70, 70-30, 20-80, 80-20, 10-90 or 90-10. 
     The axially outwardly open gap  6  can be a gap which runs in the peripheral direction between the guide  4  and the cylinder wall  5 . The gap  6  facilitates mounting of the gas spring  1 . 
     The protection  10  can be a dirt protection which seals between the guide  4  and the gas cylinder  2 , so that dirt is prevented from forcing its way down in the gap  6  and into the gas spring  1 . 
     The protection  10  can seal by bearing against or being pretensioned against an end face  11  in the axial direction of the gas cylinder  2 , see  FIGS. 4 a   - 4   c,  and alternatively also bearing against or being pretensioned against the outer wall  12  of the gas cylinder  2  if the protection  10  is configured to extend, in the radial direction past the end face  11  of the gas cylinder  2  (not shown). The protection  10  can optionally also bear against or be pretensioned against the inner wall  7  (not shown) of the gas cylinder  1 . 
     The protection  10  can seal by bearing against an end face in the axial direction of the guide  4  and/or bearing against the outer wall of the guide  4  (not shown). 
     The protection  10  ( FIGS. 2 a , 2 h , 2 c   ) can be provided with a circumferential flange  20 , which has an extent in the axial and the radial direction. The protection  10  can be fixed in a radial recess in the guide  4  by the flange  20  (see  FIGS. 4 a -4 c   ). Alternatively, the protection  10  can be fixed in a radial recess in the inner wall surface  7  of the gas cylinder by the flange  20  (not shown). The axial extent of the flange  20  of the protection  10  can be adapted so that the protection  10  is detained in a radial recess in the guide  4  or in the inner wall surface  7  of the gas cylinder. 
     The flange  20  can be divided, viewed in the peripheral direction of the protection, into at least 2, at least 5, at least 10 or at least 20 separated circular segments  21 , with a flange-free spacing in the peripheral direction of the protection  10  therebetween. 
     The expanse of the circular segment  21  in the peripheral direction of the protection  10  can be at least as large as, at least 1.5 times larger, at least 2 times larger, or at least 3 times larger than the flange-free spacing in the peripheral direction of the protection  10  between two separated circular segments  21 . The expanse of a circular segment  21  in the peripheral direction of the protection  10  can be at least ⅓ of, at least ½ of, at least ⅔ of, or equally as large as the flange-free spacing in the peripheral direction of the protection  10  between two separated circular segments  21 . 
       FIG. 5  shows a gas spring  1  having a known type of dirt protection  40  ( FIG. 6 ). This dirt protection  40 , unlike the particular protection  10 , is merely configured to prevent dirt from entering the gas spring  1 , and no, or very little (and then only fictional), unloading of the guide  4  occurs. Just like the particular protection  10 , the known type of dirt protection  40  prevents the guide  4  from slipping into the gas cylinder  2  when the gas spring  1  is made pressureless. 
     The particular protection  10  can be formed in a material having an E-modulus which is at least 1/100 to ⅕ of, at least 1/50 to ⅕ of, at least 1/25 to ⅕ of, or at least 1/10 to ⅕ of the E-moduli for the material in which the guide  4  and the gas cylinder  2  are formed. 
     Preferably, at least 50%, at least 75%, or 100% of the dirt protection is formed in such a material. 
     The material in the protection  10  can be a polymer material which is chosen from a group consisting of plastic, rubber and rubbery materials. Such materials can be, for example, PU, TPE or TPU. The protection can be formed of a material having a hardness of 30-100 Shore A, preferably 70-100 Shore A or 80-90 Shore A. 
     The protection  10 ,  FIGS. 2 a   - 2   c,  can comprise a guide contact portion  50 , which effects sealing against the guide  4 , and a cylinder contact portion  51 , which effects sealing against the cylinder wall  5 . 
     The protection  10  can further comprise a radial connecting part  52 , which radially connects the guide contact portion  50  and the cylinder contact portion  51 . 
     The radial extent of the radial connecting part  52  can be larger than the width of the gap  6 . 
     At least one of the guide contact portion  50  and the cylinder contact portion  51  can have fixing members  20  for positive fixing of the protection  10  relative to the guide  4  or the respective cylinder wall  5 . 
     One or both of the guide contact portion  50  and the cylinder contact portion  51  can be pretensioned against the guide  4  and the cylinder wall  5  respectively. 
     The pretensioning can be in the axial direction and/or the radial direction. 
     An alternative to fixing members for positive fixing is for at least one of the guide contact portion and the cylinder contact portion to have fixing members for fictional fixing. 
     For the protection  10  which is shown in  FIG. 2 b   , here mounted on a gas spring  1 , the radial connecting part  52  bears against the end face  11  of the gas cylinder in the axial direction. The connecting part  52  in the protection  10  in  FIG. 2 c    does not bear against the end face of the gas cylinder in the axial direction  11  (see  FIG. 1 ), whereupon a circumferential or partially circumferential covered channel  53  is formed when the protection  10  in  FIG. 2 c    sits mounted on the gas spring  2  and is free from load. 
     The protection  10  can have a spacer surface, which bears against a ramp surface of the end face  11  of the gas cylinder in the axial direction or against a ramp surface on the guide  4 . 
     The ramp surface can constitute a chamfering of the transition of the axial end face  11  to an outer wall surface  12  of the gas cylinder  2 . 
     The spacer surface can be configured in a radially outer part of the cylinder contact portion  51 . 
     The ramp surface can alternatively constitute a chamfering of the axial end face of the guide at the transition to the inner, piston-rod-facing wall surface of the guide. 
     The spacer surface can alternatively be configured in a radially outer part of the guide contact portion  52 . 
     The protection  10  is thus guided out over the end face  11  of the gas cylinder or the guide  4  in the radial direction, and reduces the risk of bending of the protection  10  when this is subjected to axial force F. 
     The spacer surface can be formed on a portion running around the protection  10 . 
     The gas spring  1  can further comprise a safety device which is configured to evacuate excess pressure from the gas cylinder  2  in the event of a overstroke, and wherein the protection  10  extends axially further out than a safety stroke of the gas spring  1 , so that the protection  10  transmits the axial force F applied to the protection to the guide  4  and the cylinder wall  5  before the safety device is activated. 
     The safety stroke can be defined as that part of the stroke of the piston rod  3  during which some safety device (in the top or bottom of the cylinder  2 ) is activated. The safety stroke can include that some part moves with the piston rod  3 , such as is the case with the protruding guide  4  which is shown in, for example,  FIG. 1 . 
     Preferably, the protection can be activated prior to the commencement of the safety stroke. The stroke of the protection can here constitute 100%-300% of the safety stroke, preferably 150%-200%. 
     The safety device can be of the type which is shown, for example, in EP 2177783 A2 and WO 2010/102994 A1, or of the type which is shown in EP 0959263 B1. 
     In  FIGS. 4 a -4 c    are shown partial sections of a gas spring  1  provided with a protection  10 . In these figures is shown the process for triggering an overstroke protection of the type which is shown in EP 2177783 A2 and WO 2010/102994 A1 of the gas spring  10  provided with the particular protection  10 , In  FIG. 4 a   , the protection  1 . 0  is seen fixed in a recess in the guide  4 . The protection  10  extends radially over the axially open gap  6 . When an axial force F is applied to the protection  10 ,  FIG. 4 b   , the protection  10  is compressed in the axial direction and transmits a part of the force F to the guide  4  and a part of the force to the cylinder wall  5  and/or the axial end face  11  of the gas cylinder  2 , whereupon the guide is relieved of load. In  FIG. 4 c   , the force which is transmitted to the guide has become so large that the guide  4  has been pushed into the gas cylinder and a static seal  30  (O-ring) between the gas cylinder  2  and the guide  4  has passed a groove inside the tube, wherein the overstroke protection has been triggered and gas has leaked out in a controlled manner. 
     When the gas spring  1  is made pressureless, no greater force is consumed in order that the guide  4  shall be pushed down in the gas cylinder  2  and end up in a position in which the gas can pass, which can result in the spring  2  not being able to be refilled after servicing. 
     The configuration of the protection  10  is such that, if an overstroke occurs, the protection  10  does not prevent the gas spring  1  from activating its overstroke protection, but ensures that this is not unnecessarily triggered. The protection  10  can be configured so that it can produce an expanding force on the guide  4 . The fixing of the protection  10  relative to the guide  4  must thus be such that it can absorb a sufficiently large force in the direction opposite to the direction of compression, i.e. the direction of expansion. Moreover, a counterforce must be able to be produced by that part of the protection  10  which bears against the cylinder wall  5  and be able to be transmitted by the part which interconnects the radially inner and outer parts of the protection  10 . The protection  10  therefore helps to spring back the guide  4  into its starting position when the axial force F is removed. 
     The protection  10  can cope with large loads before the guide  4  is pushed down. The protection can be arranged to transmit an axial force, applied to the protection, of 1000-50000 N, 2500-50000 N, 5000-50000 N, 10000-50000 N, 20000-50000 N, 30000-50000 N or 40000-50000 N to the guide and the cylinder wall. 
     When the load on the gas spring  1  decreases, for example when gas is replenished in the spring  1 , the protection  10  helps to ensure that the guide  4  does not resume its normal position. 
     In the same way, the protection  10  can be used in the solution for overstroke protection in EP 0959263 B1, in which the piston rod strikes a plug in the spring bottom which triggers in the event of an overstroke. The guide  4  does not necessarily need to project above the gas cylinder  2 . In order to prevent triggering of the plug, the protection  10  can also in this case absorb the force and transmit it to the guide  4  and the cylinder wall  5 . 
     A safety method for a gas spring  1  which is described above can comprise applying a compressing axial force to the gas spring  1 . When the gas spring  1  approaches overstroke viewed in the direction of compression, a part of the compressing axial force is transmitted to the protection  10 , and thereafter that part of the compressing axial force which strikes the protection  10  is transmitted between the guide  4  and the cylinder wall  5 . The protection  10  thus relieves the load on the guide  4  and delays triggering of the overstroke protection of the gas spring  1  and reduces the risk of unnecessary triggering thereof. 
     The safety method can also comprise further steps of, by means of the protection  10 , producing an expanding force in the direction opposite to the direction of compression between the guide  4  and the cylinder wall  5 , and returning the guide  4  into a starting position when the compressing axial force.