Patent Publication Number: US-2023149954-A1

Title: Showerhead

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/547,265, filed Aug. 21, 2019, which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/721,332, filed Aug. 22, 2018, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The present application relates generally to the field of showers. More specifically, the present application relates to a showerhead. 
     Generally speaking, a showerhead can dispense water from above a user-occupied space within a shower. The showerhead can be connected to a water source via a household water supply line extending from a side wall or an upper wall of a fixed structure, such as a building or a shower enclosure. The showerhead can produce a spray of water to facilitate cleaning operations and/or to enhance user comfort by more fully covering the user in water. Conventional showerheads typically include internal components/mechanisms and nozzles that produce a water spray of varying patterns and intensities. The nozzles can also restrict the flow of water to minimize water consumption during a shower event. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     One exemplary embodiment relates to a showerhead. The showerhead includes a flow device and a flow distribution member. The flow device is configured to produce a substantially laminar fluid stream. The flow distribution member is coupled to the flow device and is spaced apart from the flow device. The flow distribution member is configured to receive the substantially laminar fluid stream from the flow device and to produce a distributed fluid flow. 
     Another exemplary embodiment relates to a showerhead. The showerhead includes a showerhead connector, a support member, a flow device, and a flow distribution member. The flow device is coupled to the showerhead connector and is configured to produce a substantially laminar fluid stream. A first end of the support member is coupled to at least one of the showerhead connector, the support member, or the flow device. The flow distribution member is coupled to a second end of the support member and is configured to produce a distributed fluid flow. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       The disclosure will become more fully understood from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements, in which: 
         FIG.  1    is a top perspective view of a showerhead in operation in a shower, according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  2    is a top perspective view of the showerhead of  FIG.  1   , according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  3    is a bottom perspective view of the showerhead of  FIG.  2   . 
         FIG.  4    is a front view of the showerhead of  FIG.  2   . 
         FIG.  5    is an exploded perspective view of the showerhead of  FIG.  2   . 
         FIG.  6    is a cross-sectional view of the showerhead of  FIG.  2   . 
         FIG.  7    is a front view of a showerhead in operation in a shower, according to another exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  8    is a top perspective view of a showerhead, according to another exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  9    is a bottom perspective view of the showerhead of  FIG.  8   . 
         FIG.  10    is a front view of the showerhead of  FIG.  8   . 
         FIG.  11    is a top perspective view of a showerhead, according to another exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  12    is a top perspective view of a showerhead, according to another exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  13    is a top perspective view of a showerhead, according to another exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  14    is a top perspective view of a showerhead, according to another exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  15    is a top perspective view of a showerhead, according to another exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  16    is a top perspective view of a showerhead, according to another exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  17    is a top perspective view of a showerhead, according to another exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  18    is a top perspective view of a showerhead, according to another exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  19    is a top perspective view of a showerhead, according to another exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  20    is a side cross-sectional view of the showerhead of  FIG.  19   . 
         FIG.  21    is an exploded view of the showerhead of  FIG.  19   . 
         FIG.  22    is a top perspective view of a showerhead, according to another exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  23    is a top perspective view of a showerhead, according to another exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  24    is a bottom perspective view of a showerhead, according to another exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  25    is a bottom perspective view of a showerhead, according to another exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  26    is a top perspective view of a showerhead, according to another exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG.  27    is a perspective cross-sectional view of a showerhead, according to another exemplary embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Referring generally to the FIGURES, disclosed herein are various exemplary embodiments of a showerhead (e.g., water delivery device, flow distribution assembly, etc.). The showerhead is configured to be coupled to a water source through a water supply conduit within the shower. The showerhead is configured to produce two different flow arrangements (e.g., flow patterns, flow characteristics, flow structures, etc.), both of which are visible to a user or occupant of the shower. A first flow arrangement is a substantially laminar flow arrangement, while a second flow arrangement is a rainfall or waterfall flow arrangement that is distributed to a user. Among other benefits, the flow arrangements disclosed herein provide for a more relaxing shower experience and a more pleasing aesthetic to a user or occupant of the shower, as compared to conventional spray heads. In addition, the disclosed showerheads have a more efficient structural design that helps limit water flow restrictions and the accumulation of bacteria. 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, the showerhead includes a showerhead connector, a flow device, a support member, and a flow distribution member. In some embodiments, the showerhead is configured as a retrofit showerhead assembly including a showerhead connector configured to fluidly couple the showerhead to a water source, such as through a household water supply conduit. The showerhead connector may include a pivoting member to allow a user to reposition the showerhead to modify flow characteristics or to provide an improved aesthetic appearance. 
     The flow device is configured to produce a substantially laminar fluid stream over a first coverage area above the flow distribution member. The flow distribution member is configured to produce, from the substantially laminar fluid stream, a distributed fluid flow over a second coverage area. The second coverage area may be larger than the first coverage area to more fully cover a user with water. The distributed fluid flow may be provided in a waterfall or a rainfall flow configuration, pattern, or arrangement for an enhanced user experience. Advantageously, the distribution member is open to the atmosphere, which allows water to drain quickly and completely after each use, thereby limiting flow restrictions and the accumulation of bacteria. Furthermore, because the showerhead relies on gravity to produce the distributed fluid flow, the showerhead may be used across a wide range of flow rates. 
     The flow distribution member is coupled by the support member to at least one of (one, or a combination of) the water source (e.g., the water supply conduit), the showerhead connector, or the flow device. The support member may be a hollow vertical post configured to receive a fastener and thereby conceal the fastener from a user&#39;s view. The fastener may be used to fixedly couple the support member to the flow distribution member. A first end of the support member may be rotatably coupled to the water source, the flow device, and/or the showerhead connector to allow a user to reposition the support member relative to the substantially laminar fluid stream. 
     The flow distribution member may be a substantially planar surface or plate that faces the flow device. Water received on an upper surface of the plate is distributed radially outward toward an outer perimeter of the plate. The plate may include a lip disposed on the outer perimeter of the plate. The lip may be configured to distribute water in a waterfall pattern. A user positioned below the plate may be at least partially shielded from water by the plate, allowing the user to immerse their body with water while keeping their head dry. Alternatively, the plate may include a plurality of holes or perforations to distribute water from the plate in a rainfall pattern. These and other advantageous features will become apparent to those reviewing the present disclosure and figures. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  1 - 4   , a showerhead  100  is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. The showerhead  100  includes a showerhead connector  200  fluidly coupled to a water source within a shower enclosure  5 . In particular, the showerhead connector  200  is removably coupled to a water supply conduit. In some embodiments, the water supply conduit is configured as a water pipe extending from an upper wall of the shower enclosure  5 . In other embodiments, the water supply conduit is a pipe, tube, or other water delivery mechanism extending from a side wall of the shower enclosure  5 . In the exemplary embodiment of  FIG.  1   , the water supply conduit is a pipe  10  disposed centrally within the upper wall of the shower enclosure  5  and extending vertically downward from the upper wall. 
     As shown in  FIG.  5   , the showerhead  100  includes a flow device  300 , a support member (shown as support post  400 ), and a flow distribution member (shown as distribution plate  500 ). The flow device  300  is pivotably coupled to the showerhead connector  200  such that the flow device  300  may pivot at a connection point between the flow device  300  and the showerhead connector  200  (see  FIG.  4   ). In the embodiment of  FIGS.  1 - 4   , the flow device  300  extends vertically downward from the connector  200 . 
     The flow device  300  is configured to produce a stream of fluid having a substantially laminar flow, shown as fluid stream  20  (see  FIG.  1   ). As shown in  FIG.  2   , the fluid stream  20  is produced over a first coverage area  24 . The fluid stream  20 , extending between the flow device  300  and the distribution plate  500 , is visible to a user or occupant of the shower (see  FIG.  1   ). 
     The support post  400  is disposed between the flow device  300  and the distribution plate  500  and is configured to carry the full weight of the distribution plate  500 . As shown in  FIG.  5   , a first end  402  of the support post  400  is rotatably coupled to the flow device  300  via an extension piece  404 . The extension piece  404  extends radially outward from a primary axis  406  of the support post  400  such that the support post  400  is clear of the fluid stream  20  (i.e., the support post  400  does not disrupt the fluid stream  20  at any position along the fluid stream  20 ). As shown in  FIG.  1   , the support post  400  is oriented in a direction that is substantially parallel to the fluid stream  20 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  5   , a second end  408  of the support post  400  is coupled to the distribution plate  500  proximate to a central axis  506  of the distribution plate  500 . The distribution plate  500  is configured to produce a flow of water characterized by a second flow arrangement, shown as distributed fluid flow  30  (see  FIGS.  1 - 2   ). The distribution plate  500  includes a base, shown as wall  502 , configured to receive the fluid stream  20  produced by the flow device  300 . As shown in  FIG.  1   , the wall  502  is oriented normal to a primary axis  22  of the fluid stream  20 . The wall  502  is configured to receive the fluid stream  20  on an upper surface  504  of the wall  502 . 
     The fluid stream  20  contacts the wall  502  at a central position along an upper surface  504  proximate to a central axis  506  of the distribution plate  500  (see also  FIG.  5   ). Water received by the upper surface  504  is distributed by gravity radially along the upper surface  504  toward an outer perimeter of the wall  502 . Water falls from (i.e., separates from) the outer perimeter of the wall  502  as the distributed fluid flow  30 . In the embodiment of  FIG.  1   , the distributed fluid flow  30  is configured in a waterfall pattern that surrounds a second coverage area  31  (see  FIG.  2   ), along an outer perimeter of the second coverage area  31 , with water. In various alternative embodiments, the flow pattern generated by the distributed fluid flow  30  along with other flow characteristics of the distributed fluid flow  30  may be different. 
     Referring again to  FIGS.  5 - 6   , the showerhead connector  200  is made from a single piece of material such as brass, stainless-steel, or another corrosion resistant material. The showerhead connector  200  includes a first connecting end  202  and a second connecting end  204 . The first connecting end  202  is configured to be coupled to a water source (e.g., a water supply line, etc.). As shown in  FIG.  6   , the first connecting end  202  includes a threaded interface that removably couples the showerhead connector  200  to the water source, although in alternative embodiments any suitable water-tight connection mechanism may be used. 
     The second connecting end  204  of the showerhead connector  200  includes a pivot member  206 . As shown in  FIGS.  5 - 6   , the pivot member  206  is configured as a smooth spherical surface (i.e., ball joint) configured to engage with the flow device  300 . The showerhead connector  200  additionally includes an opening, shown as connector opening  207 , extending along a primary axis  208  of the showerhead connector  200 . The connector opening  207  fluidly couples the first connecting end  202  with the second connecting end  204 . In other embodiments, the showerhead connector  200  further includes a flow regulator disposed within the connector opening  207  and configured to control the flow rate of water through the connector  200 . 
     As shown in  FIGS.  5 - 6   , the flow device  300  includes a body  302  including an outer body portion  304  and an inner body portion  306 . The outer body portion  304  is a cylindrical sleeve made from a single piece of material. In an exemplary embodiment, the outer body portion  304  is a metal sleeve stamped or otherwise formed from brass, stainless steel, or another corrosion resistant material. The outer body portion  304  is configured to receive the second connecting end  204  of the showerhead connector  200  and an upper end of the inner body portion  306 . As shown in  FIG.  6   , the outer body portion  304  fits over the first connecting end  202  of the showerhead connector  200  and is coupled against the smooth spherical surface of the pivot member  206  for the showerhead connector  200 . 
     The flow device  300  is pivotably coupled to the second connecting end  204  of the showerhead connector  200 . The flow device  300  includes an upper bearing  308  and a lower bearing  310  disposed in an inner cavity of the outer body portion  304 . The upper bearing  308  and the lower bearing  310  are each formed from a single piece of material (e.g., plastic or another suitable polymer) and are slidably coupled to the pivot member  206 . As shown in  FIG.  6   , the pivot member  206  is sandwiched between the upper bearing  308  and the lower bearing  310 . The lower bearing  310  is secured in position by the inner body portion  306 . Similar to the outer body portion  304 , the inner body portion  306  is a cylindrical sleeve made from a single piece of material. In an exemplary embodiment, the inner body portion  306  is a metal sleeve stamped or otherwise formed from brass, stainless steel, or another corrosion resistant material. The inner body portion  306  engages with the outer body portion  304  and is secured in position relative to the outer body portion  304 . In the embodiment of  FIGS.  5 - 6   , the inner body portion  306  includes a threaded interface that engages with the outer body portion  304  along an inner surface of the outer body portion  304 . An interface surface  312  of the inner body portion  306  presses against the lower bearing  310 . 
     The force applied to the lower bearing  310  by the inner body portion  306  results in a contact pressure between the bearings  308 ,  310  and the pivot member  206 . The contact pressure may be adjusted by rotating the inner body portion  306  relative to the outer body portion  304 . In the exemplary embodiment of  FIG.  6   , the contact pressure between the bearings  308 ,  310  and the pivot member  206  is adjusted to allow the flow device  300  to freely pivot relative to the showerhead connector  200 . Among other benefits, this allows a user to adjust a discharge angle of the fluid stream  20  (see also  FIG.  1   ) relative to the primary axis  208  of the showerhead connector  200 . 
     The flow device  300  includes an aerator  314  configured to produce a fluid stream characterized by a laminar flow arrangement. The aerator  314  may be one of a variety of different laminar flow attachments. In some embodiments, the aerator  314  may be an aerator insert such as a Neoperl® aerator. The aerator  314  may be flow-regulated to meter the flow rate and to ensure that the flow produced by the aerator  314  is laminar. In some embodiments, the aerator  314  is removably coupled to the inner body portion  306 . The aerator  314  used in the embodiment of  FIGS.  5 - 6    includes a threaded interface that engages with the inner body portion  306  along an inner surface of the inner body portion  306 . The threaded configuration facilitates cleaning or replacement of the aerator  314  in the event of hard water buildup or other particulate obstruction. In alternative embodiments, the aerator  314  is permanently coupled to the inner body portion  306  (e.g., glued to the inner body portion  306 , welded to the inner body portion  306 , or integrally formed with the inner body portion  306  as a single unitary structure). As shown in  FIG.  6   , the aerator  314  is recessed into an outer surface of the inner body portion  306 , which improves the aesthetic appearance of the showerhead  100 . 
     The flow device  300  is configured to produce a substantially laminar flow arrangement, shown as fluid stream  20  (see also  FIG.  1   ) over a first coverage area  24  (see  FIG.  2   ), the diameter of which is approximately equal to the diameter of the aerator  314 . In the embodiment of  FIGS.  5 - 6   , the aerator  314  is configured to produce a cylindrical stream of fluid, which is ejected from the aerator  314  and out through an aperture in the inner body portion  306 . In other embodiments, the geometry of the fluid stream  20  (see also  FIG.  1   ) may be different. In some embodiments, the flow device  300  may include multiple aerators  314  to improve the distribution of flow on the distribution plate  500  or to improve the aesthetic appearance of the showerhead  100 . The aerators  314  may be arranged side-by-side, staggered vertically, or configured in another arrangement depending on functional requirements and user preference. 
     Among other assembly components, the showerhead  100  includes a plurality of sealing members to prevent water from bypassing the aerator  314 . As shown in  FIGS.  5 - 6   , the showerhead  100  includes an O-ring positioned in an annular space between the inner body portion  306  and the outer body portion  304 , outboard of the threaded interface for the inner body portion. The O-ring is disposed within a circumferential groove on an outer radial surface of the inner body portion  306 . Another O-ring is included outboard of the threaded interface for the aerator  314  (i.e., between the aerator  314  and the inner body portion  306  on an outer radial surface of the aerator  314 ). A third O-ring may be included inboard of the threaded interface for the aerator  314 . In other embodiments, more or fewer O-rings and/or other sealing members may be included. 
     The support post  400  for the showerhead  100  is configured to couple one or a combination of the water source, the showerhead connector  200 , and/or the flow device  300  to the distribution plate  500 . As shown in  FIGS.  5 - 6   , the support post  400  is configured to couple the flow device  300  to the distribution plate  500 . The support post  400  includes a first end  402  and a second end  408  disposed opposite the first end  402 . A distance between the flow device  300  and the distribution plate  500  is determined by a length of the support post  400  (e.g., a vertical length of the support post, a length of the support post  400  parallel to the primary axis  406  of the support post  400 , etc.). In the embodiment of  FIGS.  5 - 6   , the distance between the flow device  300  and the support post (i.e., a distance between the aerator  314  outlet and an upper surface  504  of the distribution plate  500 ) is within a range between approximately 3 in (7.6 cm) and about 4 in (10.2 cm). In other embodiments, the distance between the flow device  300  and the support post may be different depending on flow rate. 
     The support post  400  includes an extension piece  404  disposed on the first end  402  extending radially outward from a primary axis  406  of the support post  400 . The extension piece  404  may be formed separately from the support post  400  or along with the support post  400  as a single body. The extension piece  404  is rotatably coupled to the flow device  300  to allow a user to reposition the support post  400  relative to the fluid stream  20 . As shown in  FIG.  5   , the extension piece  404  is configured as a cylindrical sleeve whose inner diameter is slightly larger than an outer diameter of the inner body portion  306 . Among other benefits, this connection mechanism allows the support post  400  to rotate a full 360° about the inner body portion  306  (and the fluid stream  20  as shown in  FIG.  1   ). 
     The extension piece  404  fits over the inner body portion  306  and is secured in position between the outer body portion  304  and a circumferential step extending from an outer radial surface of the inner body portion  306  (e.g., a step or circumferential protrusion whose outer diameter is greater than the inner diameter of the extension piece  404 ). A washer may be disposed in an axial gap formed between the extension piece  404  and one or a combination of the inner body portion  306  and outer body portion  304  to reduce friction between the components. As shown in  FIGS.  5 - 6   , the showerhead  100  includes two low-friction plastic washers configured to facilitate movement of the support post  400  relative to the inner body portion  306 . A first washer  405  is received within an axial gap formed between a lower surface of the extension piece  404  and the inner body portion  306 , and a second washer  407  is received within an axial gap formed between an upper surface of the extension piece  404  and the outer body portion  304 . 
     As shown in  FIGS.  5 - 6   , the showerhead  100  additionally includes two O-rings  409  in an annular gap between the extension piece  404  and the outer radial surface of the inner body portion  306 . Each of the O-rings  409  is disposed within a circumferential groove on the outer radial surface of the inner body portion  306 , which retains the O-rings  409  during normal operation. Among other benefits, the O-rings  409  help prevent fluid ingestion into the annular gap between the outer radial surface of the inner body portion and the extension piece  404 , which prevents corrosion and reduces friction. 
     The second end  408  of the support post  400  is coupled to the distribution plate  500 . As shown in  FIGS.  5 - 6   , the support post  400  is a hollow tube. The geometry of the support post  400  may vary depending on the flow requirements and user preferences. In the embodiment of  FIGS.  5 - 6   , the support post  400  is shaped as an elongated cylinder. In other embodiments, the support post  400  may take the shape of a rectangular cuboid or another shape having identical cross-sections normal to its primary axis  406 . In yet other embodiments, the support post  400  is curved away from the flow device  300 . 
     As shown in  FIGS.  5 - 6   , the second end  408  of the support post  400  is configured to receive a connecting flange, shown as flange  508 , of the distribution plate  500 . An inner diameter of the support post  400  is slightly larger than an outer diameter of the flange  508 . As shown in  FIG.  6   , the support post  400  includes a circumferential step  410  that extends inward toward the primary axis  406  from an outer wall  412  of the support post  400 . The circumferential step  410  engages with a fastener  414  (e.g., a bolt, screw, or another suitable fastener) that couples the support post  400  to the distribution plate  500 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  6   , the fastener  414  is received by the support post  400  through the first end  402  of the support post  400  (i.e., a top of the support post  400 ). A head of the bolt engages with a top surface of the circumferential step  410 , while a threaded portion of the fastener  414  engages with a threaded interface in the flange  508 . Advantageously, the fastener  414  used to secure the support post  400  to the distribution plate  500  is not visible to a user (e.g., is hidden within the hollow portion of the support post  400 ), which improves the aesthetic appeal of the showerhead  100 . The circumferential step  410  is positioned within the support post  400  at a sufficient depth to allow the flange  508  to be received completely within the support post  400  (i.e., to be received within the support post  400  such that the flange  508  is completely surrounded by the outer wall  412 ). The showerhead  100  additionally includes a plug, shown as end cap  416 , configured to block off an opening in the first end  402  of the support post  400 . As shown in  FIG.  6   , the end cap  416  includes an O-ring disposed within a circumferential groove on an outer radial surface of the end cap  416 . The O-ring is configured to seal against the inner surface of the outer wall  412  and thereby prevent moisture from entering and corroding the support post  400  and/or the fastener  414 . The end cap  416  is countersunk into the first end  402  of the support post  400  to improve the aesthetic appearance of the support post  400 . 
     Still referring to  FIGS.  5 - 6   , in an exemplary embodiment the distribution plate  500  includes a base, shown as wall  502 , defining a substantially planar surface oriented substantially normal to the primary axis  22  of the fluid stream  20  (also see  FIG.  1   ), such that the planar surface faces an outlet of the flow device  300 . The distribution plate  500  also includes a ledge or lip  510  disposed along a perimeter of the wall  502 . The distribution plate  500  may be stamped or otherwise formed from a single piece of material (e.g., brass, stainless steel, or another corrosion resistant material). The flange  508  is coupled to the distribution plate  500  at a central position along the upper surface  504  of the wall  502 . The flange  508  may be welded to the wall  502  or integrally formed with the distribution plate  500  as a single unitary structure (e.g., via a machining operation, injection molding, etc.). Advantageously, incorporating the flange  508  at a central position along the upper surface  504  allows radial space for the flow to redistribute around the support post  400  and along the wall  502  before falling from the distribution plate  500 . 
     Together, the wall  502  and the lip  510  define a hollow cavity  512  (e.g., hollow portion) forming a cup-shape. As shown in  FIG.  6   , the lip  510  extends downward and away from the wall  502  (i.e., an upside down cup). In some embodiments, the lip  510  extends downward from the wall  502  in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the wall  502 . In other embodiments, an angle is formed between an upper surface of the lip  510  and an upper surface  504  of the wall  502  where the lip  510  contacts the wall  502 . In yet other embodiments, the distribution plate  500  is formed without a lip  510  (e.g., as a flat plate). 
     The distribution plate  500  may be configured in a variety of different geometries depending on flow requirements (e.g., water flow rate and flow intensity) and user preferences. In the embodiment of  FIGS.  5 - 6   , the distribution plate  500  is configured as a circular plate having a diameter of about 12 in (30.5 cm). The distribution plate  500  is configured to provide a distributed fluid flow  30  at flow rates within a range between about 1.75 gpm (6.6 L/min water) and about 3.5 gpm (13.2 L/min). Alternatively, the distribution plate  500  may be rectangular or have both straight and curved edges. Various other geometries for the distribution plate are possible. 
     The distribution plate  500  produces a distributed fluid flow  30  (see also  FIG.  1   ) over a second coverage area  31  (see  FIG.  2   ). The distribution plate  500  is configured to receive the fluid stream  20  on the upper surface  504  of the wall  502 . As shown in  FIG.  1   , both the fluid stream  20  and the distributed fluid flow  30  are exposed to the atmosphere (e.g., to an environment surrounding the showerhead, etc.) such that they may be viewed by a user of the shower. In other words, the fluid stream  20  and the distributed fluid flow  30  are not contained within or concealed by any components of the showerhead  100 . Once received on the upper surface  504  of the wall  502 , the flow distributes along a radial extent of the upper surface  504  and toward the lip  510 . The flow separates from (i.e. falls from) the lip  510  proximate to an outer perimeter of the lip  510 . As shown in  FIG.  1   , the flow may separate from the outer perimeter of the lip  510  in sheets and/or droplets, simulating the flow of a waterfall. Water is pulled by the force of gravity from the showerhead  100  toward a user, which allows the showerhead  100  to be used across a wide range of flow rates. The second coverage area  31  (see  FIG.  2   ) for the distributed fluid flow  30  is greater than the first coverage area  24  (see  FIG.  2   ) and is approximately equal to an area enclosed by the outer perimeter of the lip  510 . 
     Among other benefits, the waterfall flow pattern provided by the distribution plate  500  provides a dry core region that is shielded by the wall  502 . A user&#39;s head may be positioned within this region, immediately below the wall  502 , and remain dry, while the rest of the user&#39;s body is covered or partially covered in fluid from the distributed fluid flow  30 . 
     Various other exemplary embodiments of the showerhead  100  are possible without departing from the inventive concepts described herein. For example,  FIG.  7    shows a showerhead for a shower configured to produce a distributed fluid flow  32  in a rainfall pattern, according to an exemplary embodiment. A similar showerhead, shown as showerhead  1000 , is illustrated conceptually in  FIGS.  8 - 10   . The showerhead  1000  includes a showerhead connector, shown as connector  1200 , a flow device  1300 , a support member, shown as support post  1400 , and a flow distribution member, shown as distribution plate  1500 . Each of the connector  1200 , flow device  1300 , and support post  1400  may be substantially similar to that shown in the embodiment of  FIGS.  2 - 6   . 
     The distribution plate  1500  of  FIGS.  8 - 10    includes a base, shown as wall  1502 , and a ledge or lip  1510  disposed on the wall  1502  along a perimeter of the wall  1502 . The wall  1502  defines a substantially planar surface. The lip  1510  extends upward from the outer perimeter of the wall  1502  such that an outer surface of the lip  1510  is substantially perpendicular to an upper surface  1504  of the wall  1502 . Together, the wall  1502  and the lip  1510  define a hollow cavity (i.e., a hollow cavity forming an upward facing cup shape) within which the fluid stream  20  is received. The distribution plate  1500  includes a plurality of perforations  1514  (e.g., openings, holes, nozzles, etc.) disposed in the wall  1502  and configured to dispense water as a distributed fluid flow  32  (see also  FIG.  7   ). The fluid is pulled through the perforations  1514  by the force of gravity. The fluid separates from a lower surface of the wall  1502  in droplets simulating a rainfall pattern. Similar to the embodiment of  FIGS.  2 - 6   , the wetted surfaces of the distribution plate  1500  of  FIGS.  8 - 10    are completely or substantially open to the atmosphere, thereby allowing water to drain quickly and completely after use. Any water remaining on the distribution plate  1500  after the flow of water has been terminated is allowed to evaporate freely to the surroundings. 
     The size, number, shape, and arrangement of perforations in the flow distribution plate  1500  may vary depending on the flow requirements for the showerhead  1000  and user preferences. In the embodiment of  FIGS.  8 - 10   , a total of about 91 circular holes are disposed in the plate  1500 . The holes are distributed in concentric rows on the wall  1502 , each row including a plurality of holes in a substantially circular pattern (e.g., a bullseye configuration, etc.). A diameter of the holes may also vary depending on the required flow rate of fluid (and multiple different hole diameters may be used in a single showerhead to provide droplets of different sizes to the user). In an exemplary embodiment, the diameter of each hole may be any size within a range substantially between about 0.12 in and 0.14 in. A height of the lip  1510  (e.g., a distance between an upper edge of the lip  1510  and the upper surface  1504  of the wall  1502 ) for the distribution plate  1500  may also vary. In some embodiments, and particularly embodiments having a large open face area (i.e., a combined open area associated with all of the holes in the distribution plate  1500 ), the height of the lip  1510  may be small to prevent any water from falling from the edge of the wall  1502 . In other embodiments, the height of the lip  1510  may be large to allow a quantity of water to pool within the hollow cavity of the distribution plate  1500 . 
     A second coverage area  34  (see  FIG.  8   ) for the distributed fluid flow  32  is approximately equal to an area outlined by the outermost holes, which are proximate to an outer edge of the wall  1502  of the distribution plate  1500 . The geometry of the distribution plate may vary depending on the desired coverage area (e.g., second coverage area  34 ) of the distributed fluid flow  32 .  FIGS.  11 - 14    show distribution plates  2050 ,  2150 ,  2250 ,  2350  for showerheads  2000 ,  2100 ,  2200 ,  2300  of a variety of different shapes and sizes, including oval ( FIGS.  11 - 12   ), oval with straight and rounded edges ( FIGS.  13   ), and rectangular ( FIG.  14   ).  FIG.  13    shows a substantially oval plate  2250  for a showerhead  2200  having a lengthwise dimension  2251  of approximately 14 in. (35.6 cm) and a width  2253  of approximately 8 in. (20.3 cm).  FIG.  14    shows a square plate whose edges measure approximately 8 in. (20.3) in length. The showerheads of  FIGS.  11 - 14    are configured to produce a distributed fluid flow  30  in a waterfall pattern (see  FIG.  1   ). Similar geometries for the distribution plates  2050 ,  2150 ,  2250 ,  2350  could also be used for a showerhead configured to produce a distributed fluid flow  32  in a rainfall pattern (see  FIG.  7   ). 
     Another embodiment of a showerhead  3000  is shown in  FIG.  15   . The showerhead  3000  includes a flow device  3300  that is fixably coupled to a showerhead connector  3200 . A support member  3400  for the showerhead  3000  includes a plurality of posts, which rotatably couple a distribution plate  3500  to the flow device  3300  and/or showerhead connector  3200  such that the distribution plate  3500  may rotate freely around a primary axis  3208  of the showerhead connector  3200 . Each of the posts includes a horizontal portion that extends outward from the primary axis  3208  of the showerhead connector  3200  (e.g., radially outward relative to the primary axis  3208 ), a bent portion (e.g., a 90° bend, etc.) that extends from the horizontal portion, and a vertical portion that extends from the bent portion to an upper surface  3504  of a wall  3502  of the distribution plate  3500 . 
     Yet another embodiment of a showerhead  4000  is shown in  FIG.  16   . The showerhead  4000  includes a flow device  4300  pivotably coupled to a showerhead connector  4200 . The flow device  4300  is configured to produce a fluid stream  20  (see also  FIG.  1   ) at a central position above a distribution plate  4500 . The support member  4400  is configured to completely wrap around an outer edge of the distribution plate  4500  and connect with the distribution plate  4500  proximate to a central position (e.g., aligned with a primary axis  22  of the fluid stream  20 ) on a lower surface of the distribution plate  4500 . Note that the waterfall pattern of fluid produced by the showerhead  4000  of  FIG.  16    may be partially blocked by the support member  4400  where the support member  4400  wraps around the outer edge of the distribution plate  4500 . 
     Yet another embodiment of a showerhead  5000  is shown in  FIG.  17   . The showerhead  5000  is configured to produce a distributed fluid flow  32  in a rainfall pattern. The showerhead  5000  includes a support member  5400  that extends at an angle (i.e., an angle relative to a primary axis  22  of a fluid stream  20 ) between a flow device  5300  and a distribution plate  5500 . More specifically, the support member  5400  extends from a central position above the distribution plate  5500  to a lip  5510  of the distribution plate  5500  proximate to an outer perimeter of the distribution plate  5500 . A similar showerhead  6000  configuration is shown in  FIG.  18   , although with a curved support post  6400  rather than a support post that extends linearly between the flow device and the lip. 
     Referring to  FIGS.  19 - 20   , a showerhead  6000  is shown to include a support post  6400  that is integrally formed with a body  6302  of a flow device  6300 . In particular, the support post  6400  is integrally formed with an outer body portion  6304  of the body  6302 . The support post  6400  includes an angled body portion  6401  a retaining ring  6403  that is welded to a lower end of the angled body portion  6401 . In other embodiments, the retaining ring  6403  may be secured to the angled body portion  6401  via a fastener or integrally formed with the angled body portion  6401  as a single unitary structure. The retaining ring  6403  is disposed along a perimeter of a distribution plate  6500  of the showerhead  6000 , inboard of a lip  6510  of the distribution plate  6500 . As shown in  FIGS.  19 - 20   , the support post  6400  is coupled to a distribution plate  6500  via an intermediate ring  6501 , which is “sandwiched” or otherwise disposed between the retaining ring  6403  and an upper surface of the distribution plate  6500 . As shown in  FIG.  21   , the distribution plate further includes a plurality of internally threaded posts  6511  that extend upwardly from the upper surface in substantially perpendicular orientation relative to the upper surface. Both the retaining ring  6403  and the intermediate ring  6501  are secured in position with respect to the distribution plate  6500  by a plurality of fasteners (e.g., screws, bolts, etc.) that engage with the posts  6511  on the distribution plate  6500 . 
     In some embodiments, the showerhead may include lighting elements to improve the overall aesthetic of the showerhead. The lighting elements may be configured to project onto the surface of the water above the distribution plate and to reflect off the distribution plate and onto a ceiling above the showerhead or to other walls of a shower enclosure. Referring to  FIGS.  22 - 25   , different lighting concepts for a showerhead are shown, according to various exemplary embodiments.  FIG.  22    shows a showerhead  7000  that includes a lighting element  7002  on an upper surface  7004  of a distribution plate  7006  for the showerhead  7000 . The lighting element  7002  is a ring that is configured to be at least partially submersed in water.  FIG.  23    shows a showerhead  7020  that includes a lighting element  7022  on a lower angled surface of a support post  7024  of the showerhead  7020 . The lighting element  7022  of  FIG.  23    is arranged to direct light downward onto a surface of the fluid volume retained within a cup-shaped distribution plate  7025 . An upper surface  7026  of the distribution plate  7025  may include a reflective material such as chrome to redirect light toward a ceiling above the showerhead and thereby provide a relaxing aesthetic for an occupant of the shower.  FIG.  24    shows a showerhead  7040  that includes a lighting element  7042  disposed on a lower surface of a flow device  7044  of the showerhead  7040 . The lighting element  7042  is in a ring shape and extends along a perimeter of the lower surface around the laminar flow stream to direct into the laminar flow stream and downward onto the water/distribution plate.  FIG.  25    shows a showerhead  7060  that includes a lighting element  7062  disposed centrally on a lower surface of a flow device  7064  of the showerhead  7060 . During operation, fluid flowing out through the lower surface surrounds the lighting element  7042 , which may further enhance the overall aesthetic (due to light penetrating radially outwardly through the laminar flow stream. In any of the above embodiments, the lighting element  7062  may include a light emitting diode (LED) or another compact or low profile light source. 
       FIG.  26    shows a showerhead  7080  that includes lighting elements  7082  disposed along an outer perimeter of a distribution plate  7084 . The lighting elements  7082  direct light inwardly (e.g., radially inwardly) toward a central axis of the distribution plate  7084 . The lighting elements  7082  are coupled to a retaining ring  7086  of a support post  7088  for the showerhead  7080  and are configured to be at least partially submerged beneath a volume of water that is contained within a hollow cavity of the cup-shaped distribution plate  7084 . In some embodiments, the lighting elements may be electrically coupled to hydrogenerator built into the showerhead  7080  or another standalone power source built into the showerhead  7080 . In other embodiments, the lighting elements may be powered via another suitable power source (e.g., batteries, AC power, etc.). For example,  FIG.  27    shows a showerhead  8000  that includes a lighting element  8002  and a power source  8004  electrically coupled to the lighting element  8002 . The lighting element  8002  is coupled to an angled lower surface of a support post  8006  of the showerhead  8000  so as to direct light downwardly at an angle toward an upper surface of a distribution plate  8008 . The lighting element  8002  is electrically coupled to the power source  8004  via wires that extend at least partially through a hollow portion  8010  of the support post  8006 . 
     As shown in  FIG.  27   , the power source  8004  is coupled to an upper end of the support post  8006 . In particular, the power source  8004  is “sandwiched” or otherwise disposed between a showerhead connector  8012  and the inner body portion  8014  of a flow device  8016 . According to various exemplary embodiments, the power source  8004  is a water-driven turbine that generates power in proportion to a flow rate of water through the flow device  8016  (e.g., a flow of water passing through the showerhead  8000 ). As such, the turbine may be configured to power the lighting element  8002  whenever water is provided to the showerhead  8000  and at an intensity that is proportional to the flow rate of water. In other embodiments, the lighting element  8002  may be configured such that the intensity of light is approximately constant regardless of the flow rate. In some embodiments, the showerhead may include a switch to enable or disable the lighting element  8002  based on user preferences. In yet other embodiments, the showerhead  8000  may include a power storage device (e.g., a battery) that may be used to power the lighting element  8002  for a period of time when the flow of water to the showerhead  8000  is terminated. 
     The showerhead, of which various exemplary embodiments are disclosed herein, provides several advantages over conventional showerhead fixtures. Among other benefits, the showerhead produces a fluid stream  20  and a distributed fluid flow  30 ,  32 , both of which are visible to a user or occupant of a shower. These flow arrangements can, advantageously, provide for a more relaxing shower experience and a more pleasing aesthetic to a user or occupant of the shower. In addition, the showerheads disclosed herein have a more efficient structural design that can help to limit water flow restrictions and the accumulation of bacteria. In some embodiments, the showerhead may include a lighting element and standalone power source to illuminate different portions of the showerhead during operation to thereby provide a relaxing aesthetic to an occupant of the shower. 
     As utilized herein, the terms “approximately,” “about,” “substantially,” and similar terms are intended to have a broad meaning in harmony with the common and accepted usage by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of this disclosure pertains. It should be understood by those of skill in the art who review this disclosure that these terms are intended to allow a description of certain features described and claimed without restricting the scope of these features to the precise numerical ranges provided. Accordingly, these terms should be interpreted as indicating that insubstantial or inconsequential modifications or alterations of the subject matter described and claimed are considered to be within the scope of the application as recited in the appended claims. 
     The terms “coupled,” “connected,” and the like, as used herein, mean the joining of two members directly or indirectly to one another. Such joining may be stationary (e.g., permanent) or moveable (e.g., removable or releasable). Such joining may be achieved with the two members or the two members and any additional intermediate members being integrally formed as a single unitary body with one another or with the two members or the two members and any additional intermediate members being attached to one another. 
     References herein to the positions of elements (e.g., “top,” “bottom,” “above,” “below,” etc.) are merely used to describe the orientation of various elements in the FIGURES. It should be noted that the orientation of various elements may differ according to other exemplary embodiments, and that such variations are intended to be encompassed by the present disclosure. 
     It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the apparatus and control system as shown in the various exemplary embodiments is illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art who review this disclosure will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values of parameters, mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, orientations, etc.) without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described herein. For example, elements shown as integrally formed may be constructed of multiple parts or elements, the position of elements may be reversed or otherwise varied, and the nature or number of discrete elements or positions may be altered or varied. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments. 
     Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may also be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the various exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present application. For example, any element disclosed in one embodiment may be incorporated or utilized with any other embodiment disclosed herein.