Patent Publication Number: US-2009234704-A1

Title: System and method for quantifying and using virtual travel mileage

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/036,684, filed on Mar. 14, 2008, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present application relates generally to collaborative conferencing and more particularly to quantifying and using virtual travel mileage, for instance, to reward users for not traveling. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Business traveling is expensive to both employers and employees in terms of both time and cost. For example, besides the normal cost and time required for traveling, the ever rising gas prices, airport delays, heavy traffic volume and jet lag invariable add to the burden of a trip. Such disruption also may reduce employee production. Extensive use of traveling also is not friendly to the global environment. Usage of travel vehicles, e.g., automobiles, airplanes, trains, etc. results in emitting more carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases that are postulated to be contributing factors of the current global warming crisis. 
     Many companies or employees choose to use conferencing systems for conducting meetings among persons located remotely from one another. Currently, however, there is no clear rewards program or incentive for employees to forego traveling and instead use a conferencing system. Accordingly, it would desirable to have a system and method that would encourage the employees as well as employers to utilize more conferencing systems and reduce the actual traveling. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A method and system for quantifying and using virtual travel mileage, for instance, as a rewards program, are provided. The method, in one aspect, may comprise automatically collecting data associated with a conferencing session. The data, in one aspect, may include at least call detail records of the conferencing session. The method may also include converting the collected data into mileage credits, and establishing rewards for exchanging with the mileage credits. In another aspect, the method may also include converting the collected data into carbon credits. 
     A system for quantifying and using virtual travel mileage, in one aspect, may comprise one or more collaborative conference units operable to maintain a conferencing session. One or more conference scheduling devices may be operable to automatically collect call detail records of a conferencing session from one or more of the collaborative conference units or other devices that may be utilized to compile usage data of collaboration devices. A computer server may be operable to automatically receive data associated with the call detail records or other like records and convert the data into mileage credits. In another aspect, the computer server may be further operable to convert the data into carbon credits. 
     A program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine to perform methods described herein may also be provided. 
     Further features as well as the structure and operation of various embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is an architectural diagram illustrating various system components that enable tracking and calculation of virtual travel mileage and/or rewards in one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  is another architectural diagram showing multiple collaboration scheduling products or platforms working in conjunction with a single virtual travel mileage computer server or platform. 
         FIG. 3  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of tracking virtual travel mileage in one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     A system and method of the present disclosure in one embodiment collect data or records associated with video and/or audio conferences conducted by users, and convert the data into redeemable award points. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, each time an employee utilizes video and/or audio conferencing or the like in lieu of traveling for a business purpose, an amount of credits determined by the system are contributed to that employee&#39;s individual virtual travel mileage and/or rewards account. The credits earned and deposited into these accounts may be redeemed by each employee, for example, for rewards (e.g., merchandise) or the like made available by the employer. The collected data or records of such audio/visual conferences are also converted into or used to compute the amount of carbon credit that can be credited to the employer. 
     Briefly, carbon credit refers to a component of national and international emissions trading schemes that have been implemented to mitigate global warming. Such emissions trading schemes provide a way to reduce greenhouse effect emissions on an industrial scale by capping total annual emissions and letting the market assign a monetary value to any shortfall through trading. Credits can be exchanged between businesses or bought and sold in international markets at the prevailing market price. Credits can be used to finance carbon reduction schemes between trading partners and around the world. Additional information on carbon credits are found, for example, in Wikipedia™, a Web-based free encyclopedia. 
     In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the managing and tracking functionality for virtual travel mileage or virtual travel rewards accounts works in conjunction with scheduling software that can schedule, launch, and track all video conferences (or audio conferences or the like) and meetings. An example of such software may include myVRM™ scheduling software developed by Interactive Ideas in Westbury, N.Y. myVRM™ allows anyone in an organization to login under an established access level to automate and streamline the process of recording the qualifying program credits. Approval requirements may be set to secure rooms, bridge ports, and overall system use. Once reserved, the reporting mechanism may then allocate the accrued credits to each employee for management. Other scheduling software may be used to implement the method of collecting and managing the data associated with the conferences. 
     In one aspect, employees benefit from receiving a portion of the time, money and productivity saved by utilizing videoconferencing, and turning that into cash or other rewards through a redemption program. In addition, employers may be eligible for carbon credits for every credit earned as a result of the reduction in carbon emission from its employees not traveling—i.e., the non-use of automobiles, airplanes, trains, and others. By reducing the amount of its employees&#39; actual travel, companies can take a role in environmental preservation. 
     The system and method of the present disclosure in one embodiment quantifies the exact amount of travel saved by a person and/or company when utilizing a non-travel solution to attend meetings. As described above, the system and method of the present disclosure in one embodiment may operate in conjunction with a collaborative scheduling program. For instance, the collaborative scheduling program may manage and track an accounting of the savings realized when the collaborative scheduling is utilized in place of traveling. 
       FIG. 1  is an architectural diagram illustrating various system components that enable tracking of saved travel mileage, i.e., virtual travel mileage. In this embodiment, the scheduling, editing, managing, launching of collaborative conferences and administration of components associated with the use of collaborative conferencing, may be maintained within the utility of a collaborative scheduling product  104  such as the myVRM™. A computer server or platform  102  (e.g., referred to herein as virtual travel mileage server) may manage and/or provide functions such as the organization of the company and employee profiles, allocation of a proper quantity of reward points to each employee for each conference attended, supervision and approval of the rewards assigned, redemption of the rewards, and the calculation of carbon credits accrued by the company resulting from the use of collaborative conferencing in place of travel. 
     The collaborative scheduling product  104  is a conference scheduling device that may comprise generally a web server  118 , program logic  116 , and database server  114 . The program logic  116  may be logic or algorithm executable on a processor of the conference scheduling device or the like. The collaborative scheduling product  104  manages a database of users that are authorized to schedule collaborative conferences. Users (e.g.,  108 ) may schedule, edit, and/or control collaborative conferences utilizing the collaborative scheduling product  104 . The collaborative scheduling product  104  maintains a communication patn to multipoint conferencing units (MCUs), e.g.,  106 , and launches collaborative conferences to collaboration multipoint conferencing units (MCU)  106 . 
     The communication path that is maintained between the collaborative scheduling product  104  and the multipoint conferencing units (MCU)  106  may be an Internet Protocol (IP) connection through which the collaborative scheduling product  104  transmits conference scheduling, conference launch, and conference control utilizing the application programmers interface library defined by each (MCU)  106  vendor. This may be a data/information communication path to deliver instructional information between (MCU)  106  and collaborative scheduling product  104 . For example, the collaborative scheduling product  104  may transmit information to the multipoint conferencing units (MCU)  106 . This information, for example, may be a command to the multipoint conferencing units (MCU)  106  to start a conference supporting five videoconferencing endpoints and twelve users  108 . As another example of communication, the collaborative scheduling product  104  may transmit information to the multipoint conferencing units (MCU)  106  to change the video display of the videoconferencing endpoints. 
     The collaborative scheduling product  104  also may manage a database of information about the conducted and scheduled conferences, for instance, stored in its database server  114 . For instance, the collaborative scheduling product  104  retains the information regarding the scheduled attendees for each conference; captures the call detail records (CDR) from the MCU  106 . The collaborative scheduling product  104  may also append the scheduled conference with the CDR of the MCU to validate the conference. For example, when a conference is scheduled the collaborative scheduling product  104  is providing a command structure to be passed to the (MCU)  106 . This is only information of what is scheduled and not what may actually transpire when the scheduled conference is held. For instance, the conference may last for a shorter or longer period of time than scheduled, locations and/or participants may be added after the conference begins, some of the locations and/or participants may leave early or arrive late. Therefore, to insure accuracy of information being sent from collaborative scheduling product  104  to virtual travel mileage server  102  for collection of rewards miles, the information derived in the collaborative scheduling product  104  and the call detail records (CDR) generated by each conference in (MCU)  106  are compared and adjusted so that the information being accumulated in virtual travel mileage server  102  is an accurate representation of scheduled and occurred conferences. The collaborative scheduling product  104  also manages a communications path to the virtual travel mileage server  102 . 
     Briefly, Multipoint Conferencing Unit (MCU)  106  is a device that manages a multipoint conference by connecting the multiple sites and stations in the same videoconference. The MCU  106  can be used in conjunction with a Gateway to connect H.320 and H.324 videoconference end-points. The MCU  106  combines video, audio and data streams from multiple conference end-points into one multi-location, interactive session. The MCU  106  functions as a collaboration multipoint conferencing unit. The MCU  106  provides for videoconference and data sharing feature and functionality (e.g., videoconferencing feature that permits conference participants to display information from a PC onto the videoconference display), and maintains date and time stamped records, called CDR, for each conference. An example of conferencing systems are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,292,544 and 7,426,193, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
     A user at a user station  108  may have an assigned user account in both collaborative scheduling product  104  and virtual travel mileage server  102 . The user, for example, using the user station  108  such as a personal computer, a laptop, or other computing devices may schedule conferences on the collaboration scheduling product  104 . The user also has login read-only privileges to his or her account in virtual travel mileage. The user may be an employee of a company that registered with the virtual travel mileage server  102 . 
     An administrator or approver at an approver station  110  may administer and approve the virtual travel mileage accounts and associated data. For example, in one embodiment, an approver checks user&#39;s rewards for accuracy so that the user is not receiving the rewards in error. This approval process may be useful since the reward data may be used to calculate carbon credits for companies. An administrator or approver may be an employee of a company and has an assigned user account in both collaborative scheduling product  104  and virtual travel mileage server  102 . An administrator or approver may have login read and write privileges to all accounts in virtual travel mileage server  102 . An administrator or approver may or may-not schedule conferences on the collaboration scheduling product  104 . 
     The components of the system of the present disclosure, for example, the user  108 , the administrator and/or approver  110 , collaboration scheduling product  104  and virtual travel mileage server  102  may communicate via the Internet  112  using, for example, World Wide Web access. It should be understood that any other communication means and medium, including but not limited to LAN, WAN, wireless RF, wired communications may be utilized. 
     The virtual travel mileage server  102  may include a Web server  124 , program logic  122  and a database server  120 . The virtual travel mileage server  102  manages a database of user accounts (e.g., in its database server  120 ) and maintains a communication path to collaborative scheduling products, for example, using the Internet connection  112 . Any other communication means or medium may be utilized to maintain the communication path to collaborative scheduling products, including but not limited to WAN, LAN, wireless or wired, etc. The virtual travel mileage server  102  also manages a database of company and employees&#39; accounts (e.g., in the database server  120 ), for example, a list of rewards that are pending approval for each employee, tabulation of rewards accrued by each employee less redeemed rewards, redemption of rewards. The virtual travel mileage server  102  also calculates carbon credits for each member company. The virtual travel mileage server  102  also manages a communications path to a rewards redemption center. A rewards redemption center may be a clearing house that allows a user to acquire desired merchandise or products in exchange for the points earned, i.e., to redeem the points for awards. A business relationship may be maintained with such redemption centers. 
       FIG. 2  is another architectural diagram in one embodiment showing multiple collaboration scheduling products or platforms  204 ,  206  working in conjunction with a single virtual travel mileage computer server or platform  202 . While only two collaboration scheduling products or platforms are shown it should be understand that any number of such products may register with the virtual travel mileage server  202 . For instance, a plurality of companies each may register one or more of their collaboration scheduling products with the virtual travel mileage server  202 . A user  212  and an administrator  214  associated with one company may schedule conferences and keep track of virtual travel mileage on their collaborative scheduling product  204  and MCU  208  via the virtual travel mileage server  202 , while a user  216  and an administrator  218  of another company also may schedule conferences and keep track of virtual travel mileage on their corresponding collaborative scheduling product  206  and associated MCU  210  via the virtual travel mileage server  202 . This approach affords an efficient and cost effective solution to support a rewards program that enables multiple companies to register their collaborative scheduling product to a single virtual travel mileage platform. 
     A universal account concept designed in virtual travel mileage affords added flexibility to individual employees&#39; accounts. This means that when an employee moves from one employer to another, if the new employer participates in virtual travel mileage, then the employee&#39;s account may be moved to the new employer&#39;s corporate account. For example, virtual travel mileage server  202  may maintain accounts for multiple corporations and if an employee moves to another company registered within the virtual travel mileage system, that employee&#39;s data may be transferred to his or her new company&#39;s data seamlessly by the virtual travel mileage server  202 . 
       FIG. 3  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of the present disclosure in one embodiment. At  302 , a company, for example, a customer of virtual travel mileage system contacts the virtual travel mileage system to set-up a corporate virtual travel mileage account. For instance, the company (e.g., a person representing the company) may browse a web site associated with the virtual travel mileage system and make a request via the web site. For example, the server ( 102 ) shown in  FIG. 1  may provide a web server for supporting such web sites. The company may also email a request to a virtual travel mileage system customer support, and/or telephone the customer support to request an account setup. Any other methodology may be employed to initiate a contact and set up an account with the virtual travel mileage system of the present disclosure. 
     At  304 , virtual travel mileage customer support creates a corporate account, for example, by filling-in the information such as the following: company name, company address, company city, company state, company zip code, billing address, billing city, billing state, billing zip code, company marketplace, list of all company locations participating in the program, corporation identification (ID) number (auto-generated), company contact information—name, title, department, email address, company phone number, number of corporate participants permitted to enroll into the virtual travel mileage system, virtual travel mileage authorizers per department name, title, department, email address and company phone number. The above list of information is shown as examples only. Not all or additional information may be acquired by the virtual travel mileage system or provided by the customer, and/or different information may be acquired. 
     At  306 , information such as enrollment instructions, rules, regulations and program agreement, login and password and secure link are emailed to the company contact. In one aspect, to provide security and secure transactions, the link in the email may be the only manner in which the contact can access the page to complete the account information. The company contact may enter a password of his or her choice before account information is accepted. This helps to validate the account. In response to the account being created, for example, at the conclusion of the account creation, an email is sent to company contact verifying the completion of the company information. In one embodiment, in the email there is provided the corporate ID that is to be used by all employees to indicate and certify the company under which the user is enrolling in virtual travel mileage. 
     At  308 , an invoice for the corporate enrollment into virtual travel mileage is sent to the enrolling company. At  310 , a company representative disseminates information about the virtual travel mileage system, for example, virtual travel mileage Web site information to the employees of the enrolling company. At  312 , employee having access of scheduling software enroll in virtual travel mileage, for instance, by providing the following information: employee name, home street address, home city, home state, home zip code, employee&#39;s company information (e.g., company street address, city, state, zip code, department), Electronic mail (email), secondary email, height, weight, department or departments within a company to which an administrator or approver  110  is assigned authority to the approval processes for the people within those departments, primary vehicle make and model, mileage to workplace, mileage to airport from home and from workplace, and user ID number. A user ID number refers to a unique identification number automatically generated for each user  108  and approver  110 , for instance, at the time the respective person enrolls into the virtual travel mileage. The above examples are listed for illustrative purposes only, more or less than all the above information or other information may be provided. Some of the information may be used to determine carbon credits allocated as they align with the mileage credits or points accumulated. 
     At  314 , approvers are assigned to each enrollee. Approvers, for example, may calculate mileage credits (also referred to as reward points, credit points), move the credits from pending status to an accrued status, and validate the issuance of mileage credits (or reward points). 
     At  316 , the conference scheduling software user database is updated with virtual travel mileage user ID. The conference scheduling software may be a video conferencing software such as myVRM™. 
     At  318 , the scheduling software user creates conferences that are scheduled and stored, for example, under “Reservations” in a secure database of the scheduling software. Scheduling a conference, for instance, creates or defines information about the conference such as conference name, unique ID, Start date and start time, end date and end time, host location, participant location(s), participants names displayed, participants&#39; and host&#39;s virtual travel mileage ID. The information created or defined may depend on the conference scheduling device or software used. All, some or different information may be created. In one embodiment, the information may be accumulated from a user  108  accessing a web interface provided by Web services server  118  into the collaborative scheduling product  104 . The logic  116  may provide the methodology of displaying the proper information to the user  108  through the Web services server  118 . Upon completion of the information requested and displayed via the Web services server  118  by the logic  116 , the information may be then stored in a database  114 . 
     At  320 , on the date and time appointed in the reservation details, the collaborative conference is launched by the use of the scheduling software that, for example, performs point-to-point collaborative conference, multipoint collaborative conference, or other conference. For example, after writing the conference schedule information to the database  114 , the collaborative scheduling program  104  transfers the conference to the MCU  106 . The logic  116  provides the instructions to assemble the information stored in the database  114  on the date and at the time designated, and initiate the conference into an ongoing state on the collaborative scheduling program server  104 . Continuing to follow the programming defining the actions of the program logic  116  as established in the parameters of the scheduled conference accumulated in the database, the collaborative scheduling program server  104  is instructed to utilize the connectivity to MCU  106  to define, within the program logic of MCU  106 , the information pertaining to the conference initially stored in database  114 . The MCU  106  then acts upon the instructions provided by the conference information provided, and a multipoint videoconference (or other conference) is established. 
     At  322 , the conference is conducted. At  324 , at the conclusion of the conference the information regarding the locations and participants in attendance of the conference is stored in a secure scheduling software database, for instance, designed to accumulate “past” conferences. As a continuing function of the logic  116 , the scheduled conference remains in an ongoing state on the collaboration scheduling product  104 , and on the MCU  106 , until the duration of the conference has been realized. When the conference duration has expired, the program logic  116  preserves or stores the information of the now past conference in designated fields within the database  114 . 
     At  326 , for the purposes of verification of collaborative conferencing events, call detail records (CDR) from the collaborative MCUs are extracted by the scheduling software and associated with the corresponding conferences collected in the secure scheduling software database. For example, the program logic  116  may send a request or execute a request to send to the MCU  106 , through the communications link that is maintained between the collaboration scheduling product  104  and the MCU  106 , for example, during the course of the program logic  116  processing, storing and/or preserving the information of the now past conference in designated fields within the database  114 . The request is a series of calls for the call detail record (CDR) of the conference corresponding to the conference being saved in the database  114 , as recorded in the database of the MCU  106 . The program logic  116  may then combine the completed conference information from database  114  and the CDR from MCU  106  into files maintained within the database  114 . 
     At  328 , these conference detail data collected from the scheduling software and the MCU CDR for each collaborative conferencing meeting are automatically directed to the secure database. For example, once the program logic  116  combines the completed conference information from database  114  and the CDR from MCU  106  into files maintained within the database  114  at  326 , the program logic  116  may execute another process. The program logic  116  “listens” for requests, for example, as presented by logic  122  operating through a link established between the collaborative scheduling server  104  and the virtual travel mileage server  102 . The requests from logic  122  seeks from the database  114  information regarding completed conferences that reside in database  114  that (1) are conferences defined to belong to companies and employees found in the company/user records within database  120 ; and (2) are completed conferences with all records present including the CDR from MCU  106 . With requests that are positively acknowledged, the logic  122  may issue a request to the program logic  116  to compile and send all records flagged as meeting the two above conditions to the logic  122  through a link established between the collaborative scheduling server  104  and the virtual travel mileage server  102 . The information arriving at virtual travel mileage server  102  may be processed by the logic  122  and stored in the database  120 . 
     The information in the database may be presented to the employee. For example, each employee scheduled to attend the conference is provided with an amount of, (if any) “miles”, i.e., virtual travel mileage credits, credited to their account relating to the conferences which they attended. Any algorithm or formula may be used to compute or correlate the virtual travel mileage credits by conducting the audio/video conference instead of traveling. Such algorithm or formula may be based on a company policy, design choice, etc. As an example, virtual travel mileage credits may be computed by (1) using information of the air miles between locations and/or a typical or average cost of a coach airline ticket to travel to the host locations related to the locations scheduled in a conference, (2) the per diem of the typical or average number of days assumed required to travel to a meeting at a remote location, (3) the average cost of the hours/days of lost productivity, (4) the typical or average charges for the typical number of nights residing in a hotel, (5) mileage, cab fares, etc. to and from airport. In one aspect, the participants at the location to which all participants would have traveled may not accrue virtual travel mileage credits for the participants attending the videoconference (or other conference) from that location. If the mode of transportation between locations is automobile, bus, train, etc. then the mileage paid per mile by car or the average cost of a bus or train ticket may be used as one facet of calculating credit. Once the cost is computed by using the above guidelines then that monetary value may be multiplied by a percentage the company participating in the virtual travel mileage program defines. The company also may define which of the items listed above or taken into account is eligible for earning rewards, and the figure derived from that calculation may define the credits earned. 
     An example of a computation follows. In this example, the company is only allowing reward credits to be accrued on the air fare. The percentage defined for the calculation is 5%. 
     
       
         
           
               
               
               
             
               
                   
               
             
            
               
                 Travel Cost 
                 Air fare 
                 $1,000.00 
               
               
                   
                 Hotel (2 nights) 
                 300.00 
               
               
                   
                 Travel (to/from airport) 
                 200.00 
               
               
                   
                 Food (3 days) 
                 225.00 
               
               
                   
                 Lost productivity 
                 400.00 
               
               
                   
                 Total Travel Cost 
                 $2,125.00 
               
               
                 Virtual travel mileage credit 
                 5% of air fare to employee 
                 $50.00 
               
               
                   
               
            
           
         
       
     
     The virtual travel mileage credits then may be redeemed or exchanged with rewards such as physical rewards including but not limited to products, merchandise, trips, or even cash. A redemption center, for instance, that has a relationship with the company may be used in the reward redemption process. 
     For computing the carbon credit accrual for the companies: As of January 2009, approximately $1,000 in air travel savings equates to approximately $40.00 in carbon offset. 
     Carbon credit may be computed using the data collected from the conferencing and one or more algorithms. Algorithms for computing carbon credits are generally based on the rules and/or policies established by one or more governing bodies that oversee the carbon credit trading schemes. Such governing bodies may include but are not limited to Chicago Climate Exchange, Montreal Climate Exchange and European Climate Exchange. The data collected in the present disclosure from the conferencing devices are used to properly convert or generate carbon credits that can be accrued to the company by having its employees or the like use conferencing instead of traveling. 
     The secure database may support the virtual travel mileage Web site, for example, and in response to the employee accessing the Web site, the employee may be enabled to view or otherwise be informed of his or her current virtual travel mileage credits via one or more web pages presented by the Web site. 
     In one embodiment, each approver may receive, at the end of each month, an email notice of the need to approve pending virtual travel mileage rewards. In one embodiment, only those rewards pending approval may be displayed. Hierarchical approval processes may be defined. For example, depending on the authorities defined by participating companies, for each person that approves the accrual of rewards by company employees, there may be a checks-and-balances process that requires, for example, a manager to approve certain employees, but a director to whom the manager reports may be required to endorse the manager&#39;s approvals. Such procedure is illustrated only as an example, and is not required. 
     Monthly reports may be made available for the program administrator as follows: for each employee, rewards pending from the prior month(s); for each employee, total rewards accumulated year-to-date; for company off-set credits calculated from the total amount of travel saved by the employees during the previous month; for company off-set credits calculated from the total amount of travel saved by the employees year-to-date. The reports may provide multiple layers of information that can be utilized to define the eligibility of the rewards and to define carbon credits. 
     The system and method of the present disclosure can quantify virtual travel mileage, for example, by determining the amount of savings that resulted from not having to actually travel by instead conducting an audio and/or video conference, and convert those savings into redeemable awards for the employees as well as employers. The system and method of the present disclosure, in one aspect, thus define virtual rewards miles. 
     While the system and method of the present disclosure is illustrated above with reference to multipoint conferences, it is not limited to only such conferences. Rather, point-to-point video and/or audio conferences and others conferences may be utilized and managed as well. Further, while the examples illustrated with reference for  FIGS. 1 ,  2  and  3  refer to multi-point conference devices, it should be understood that the system and method of the present disclosure may be implemented, utilized and/or used with other conferencing devices and software or the like. 
     The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements, if any, in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. 
     Various aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied as a program, software, or computer instructions embodied in a computer or machine usable or readable medium, which causes the computer or machine to perform the steps of the method when executed on the computer, processor, and/or machine. A program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine to perform various functionalities and methods described in the present disclosure is also provided. 
     The system and method of the present disclosure may be implemented and run on a general-purpose computer or special-purpose computer system. The computer system may be any type of known or will be known systems and may typically include a processor, memory device, a storage device, input/output devices, internal buses, and/or a communications interface for communicating with other computer systems in conjunction with communication hardware and software, etc. 
     The terms “computer system” and “computer network” as may be used in the present application may include a variety of combinations of fixed and/or portable computer hardware, software, peripherals, and storage devices. The computer system may include a plurality of individual components that are networked or otherwise linked to perform collaboratively, or may include one or more stand-alone components. The hardware and software components of the computer system of the present application may include and may be included within fixed and portable devices such as desktop, laptop, server. A module may be a component of a device, software, program, or system that implements some “functionality”, which can be embodied as software, hardware, firmware, electronic circuitry, or etc. 
     The embodiments described above are illustrative examples and it should not be construed that the present invention is limited to these particular embodiments. Thus, various changes and modifications may be effected by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.